gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Integrating a novel shape memory polymer into surgical meshes decreases placement time in laparoscopic surgery: An <i>in vitro</i> and acute <i>in vivo</i> study (2013)

About 600,000 hernia repair surgeries are performed each year; recently, the use of laparoscopic minimally invasive techniques has become increasingly popular in these operations. Use of surgical mesh in hernia repair has shown lower recurrence rates compared to other repair methods. However in many procedures, placement of surgical mesh can be challenging and even complicate the procedure, potentially leading to lengthy operating times. Various techniques have been attempted to improve mesh placement, including use of specialized systems to orient the mesh into a specific shape, with limited success and acceptance. In this study, a programmed novel Shape Memory Polymer (SMP) was integrated into commercially available polyester surgical meshes to add automatic unrolling and tissue conforming functionalities, while preserving the intrinsic structural properties of the original surgical mesh. Tensile testing and Dynamic Mechanical Analysis was performed on four different SMP formulas to identify appropriate mechanical properties for surgical mesh integration. In vitro testing involved monitoring the time required for a modified surgical mesh to deploy in a 37°C water bath. An acute porcine model was used to test the in vivo unrolling of SMP integrated surgical meshes. The SMP-integrated surgical meshes produced an automated, temperature activated, controlled deployment of surgical mesh on the order of several seconds, via laparoscopy in the animal model. Results indicate surgical mesh modified with SMP is capable of laparoscopic deployment in vivo, activated by body temperature. This suggests a reduction in surgical operating time and improved mesh placement characteristics is possible with SMP-integrated surgical meshes.
A Market Survey of Offshore Underwater Robotic Inspection Technologies for the Oil and Gas Industry (2015)

Abstract This paper is aimed at providing an insight in some of the most up-to-date technologies for offshore pipeline inspection. The first part reviews the basics of the main underwater pipeline inspection technologies that are commonly used to detect signs of corrosion, fractures and other flaws. The second part surveys the existing robotic technologies for deep and shallow waters that are dedicated to underwater monitoring and inspection of pipeline integrity.
Synthesis and biological activity of 13-epi-avermectins: potent anthelmintic agents with an increased margin of safety (1992)

Chemical conversion of the potent anthelmintic natural products avermectin B1 (1) and avermectin B2 (3) to the corresponding 13-epi analogs (15 and 9) is described. The novel analogs retain the full potency of the natural products but are substantially safer.
Direct Recycling of Nd–Fe–B Magnets Based on the Recovery of Nd<sub>2</sub>Fe<sub>14</sub>B Grains by Acid‐free Electrochemical Etching (2019)

Recycling of end-of-life Nd-Fe-B magnets is an important strategy for reducing the environmental dangers associated with rare-earth mining and overcoming the supply risks associated with the rare-earth elements. In this study, a novel concept for recycling of sintered Nd-Fe-B magnets by directly recovering the matrix Nd<sub>2</sub> Fe<sub>14</sub> B grains is presented. The procedure is based on the anodic etching of sintered Nd-Fe-B magnets in a nonaqueous dimethylformamide (DMF)/0.3 mol L<sup>-1</sup> FeCl<sub>2</sub> bath. Selective recovery of Nd<sub>2</sub> Fe<sub>14</sub> B grains was realized within the applied current density <5 mA cm<sup>-2</sup> based on the etching priority of phases: metallic Nd > intergranular NdFe<sub>4</sub> B<sub>4</sub> > matrix Nd<sub>2</sub> Fe<sub>14</sub> B. The total energy consumption of the proposed recycling route is estimated to be 2.99 kWh kg<sup>-1</sup> , which is comparable to the state-of-the-art methods. However, the proposed recycling route is currently the only procedure that enables repeated recycling of sintered Nd-Fe-B magnets in a closed-loop system.
Facile Preparation of a Fluorescence-labeled Plasmid (2000)

Abstract We developed a facile method for labeling plasmid DNA with a fluorescent probe (FITC). The obtained FITC-labeled plasmid kept luciferase activity, and had enough fluorescence intensity to monitor with flow cytometer and confocal laser scanning microscope.
A new selective antagonist of the nociceptin receptor (1998)

[Phe1psi(CH2-NH)Gly2]NC(1-13)NH2 has been tested in the electrically stimulated guinea pig ileum and mouse vas deferens, two nociceptin sensitive preparations. The new compound showed per se little or no effect in the two tissues, but it displaced to the right the concentration-response curves of nociceptin in a concentration-dependent manner. Schild analyses of the data indicated a competitive type of antagonism and pA2 values of 7.02 and 6.75 in the guinea-pig ileum and the mouse vas deferens, respectively. At 10 microM [Phe1psi(CH2-NH)Gly2]NC(1-13)NH2 does not modify either the inhibitory effect of deltorphin I (the selective delta opioid receptor agonist) in the mouse vas deferens or that of dermorphine (the selective mu opioid receptor agonist) in the guinea-pig ileum. The present findings indicate that [Phe1psi(CH2-NH)Gly2]NC(1-13)NH2 is a selective antagonist of the nociceptin receptor.
Time-Domain based Diagnosis of Stator Incipient Faults in DTC Driven Induction Motors using External ElectroMagnetic Signatures (2021)

This study proposes a real-time, in-service nonintrusive condition monitoring (CM) of induction motor (IM) stator’s turn-to-turn faults (TTF) in vector controlled drive systems. A time-domain based signal processing technique, mathematical morphology (Mat-Morph), is adopted for CM based on the radiated electromagnetic (EM) field from the IM. The vector control technique implemented to drive the IM is the direct torque control (DTC). The proposed CM technique was examined by co-simulation and experimentally. In the co-simulation, a detailed finite element (FE) model of the asynchronous motor was build and interactively coupled to the power electronic inverter (PEI), DTC and the CM logic. Experimentally, the radiated EM field was captured via loop antenna and transmitted to the control board.
Dynamic cepstral parameter incorporating time-frequency masking and its application to speech recognition (1992)

A ‘‘dynamic cepstrum’’ is proposed as a new spectral parameter that outperforms conventional cepstrum in speech recognition. The dynamic cepstrum incorporates both the static and dynamic aspects of speech spectral sequences by implementing forward masking, which is one of the most important mechanisms for extracting the spectral dynamics that provide acoustic cues in speech perception. Recent research on auditory perception [E. Miyasaka, J. Acoust. Soc. Jpn. 39, 614–623 (1983) (in Japanese)] reports that forward masking becomes more widespread over the frequency axis as the masker-signal interval increases. This masking characteristic facilitates the novel filtering methodology of time-dependent spectral filtering. The new dynamic cepstrum spectral parameter can simulate this function. The parameter is obtained by subtracting the masking level from the current cepstrum. The masking level at the current time is calculated as the sum of the masking levels obtained by filtering the preceding spectral sequence, where the cut-off frequency of the low-pass filter shifts lower as a function of masker-signal interval. A /b,d,g,m,n,N/recognition experiment that applies the dynamic cepstrum to hidden Markov models demonstrates that the dynamic cepstrum outperforms the combination of cepstrum and delta cepstrum, where the combination requires twice as many parameters as the dynamic cepstrum.
Multiwavelength optical source at 12.5-GHz optical spacing based on a coupled optoelectronic oscillator with a whispering gallery mode resonator (2004)

The evolution of optical networks calls for denser channel grids and increased number of channels. Additionally, there is a system architecture benefit to eliminate the banks of DFB lasers that act as light sources for individual channels, and use instead a single multi-wavelength source. We have demonstrated a compact multi-wavelength optical source (MWS) for 12.5 GHz DWDM. At least 16 channels are observed within 3 dB optical power bandwidth with optical spectrum contrast ratio exceeding 28 dB. The source is based on a coupled opto-electronic oscillator (COEO) with an optical whispering gallery mode (WGM) microresonator. Free spectral range of the resonator determines the spacing of the optical channels in the MWS. The spacing can be scaled up or down depending on design requirements. The resonator is robustly packaged and fiber pigtailed. In the RF domain the MWS acts as oscillator with operational frequency of 12.5 GHz.
Photocaged Hydrocarbons, Aldehydes, Ketones, Enones, and Carboxylic Acids and Esters that Release by the Norrish II Cleavage Protocol and Beyond: Controlled Photoinduced Fragrance Release (2016)

Five families of caged fragrance compounds that allow the storage and release of the following small volatile organic molecules are described: terpene hydrocarbons, aldehydes, ketones, Michael-type α,β-unsaturated enones, and carboxylic acids and esters. These caged molecules are released by photoexcitation via carbonyl-directed hydrogen-transfer processes and subsequent C–C bond cleavage (Norrish Type II) or by didenitrogenation of diazirines.
Growth of various intestinal bacteria on alternansucrase-derived oligosaccharides (2005)

Alternansucrase-derived oligosaccharides are a potential source of new prebiotics.
Saturable absorber intensity modulator (2003)

We propose and demonstrate a reflection-type optical modulator, with surface-normal architecture that exploits saturation of absorption in semiconductor quantum wells pumped optically. The modulation section, composed of quantum wells placed within a Fabry-Perot cavity, is exposed to an intensity-modulated beam generated by an in-plane laser integrated monolithically on the same wafer. Since the modulation section and the in-plane laser share the same medium, an efficient coupling between the control beam and the signal beam is achieved. Design guidelines and device performance are presented. We demonstrate that the modulator provides an efficient light modulation mechanism that is sufficient to actively mode-lock an erbium-doped fiber laser.
Ultraviolet Detectors Based on Ultraviolet–Ozone Modified Hydrogenated Diamond Surfaces (2009)

ID = 446
MicroRNA-206 Delays ALS Progression and Promotes Regeneration of Neuromuscular Synapses in Mice (2009)

Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a neurodegenerative disease characterized by loss of motor neurons, denervation of target muscles, muscle atrophy, and paralysis. Understanding ALS pathogenesis may require a fuller understanding of the bidirectional signaling between motor neurons and skeletal muscle fibers at neuromuscular synapses. Here, we show that a key regulator of this signaling is miR-206, a skeletal muscle-specific microRNA that is dramatically induced in a mouse model of ALS. Mice that are genetically deficient in miR-206 form normal neuromuscular synapses during development, but deficiency of miR-206 in the ALS mouse model accelerates disease progression. miR-206 is required for efficient regeneration of neuromuscular synapses after acute nerve injury, which probably accounts for its salutary effects in ALS. miR-206 mediates these effects at least in part through histone deacetylase 4 and fibroblast growth factor signaling pathways. Thus, miR-206 slows ALS progression by sensing motor neuron injury and promoting the compensatory regeneration of neuromuscular synapses.
Zinc Recovery from Zinc-bearing Dusts by Use of Sensible Heat of Hot Metal. (1995)

In order to develop a zinc recovery process from zinc-bearing dusts generated from ironmaking and steelmaking plants, fundamental and commercial scale experiments were carried out. Zinc-bearing dusts were mixed with cement and fine coke, and agglomerated as pellets or briquettes. These agglomerates were sharged into hot metal discharged from a commercial blast furnace. These tests indicated that zinc in the agglomerates was mostly vaporized, and the vaporized zinc was condensed in the collected dusts as zinc oxide. During the operation, a drop in the temperature of the hot metal was evaluated to be less than 10°C compared to the case by no charging.
Antimicrobial activity of innate immune molecules against Streptococcus pneumoniae, Moraxella catarrhalis and nontypeable Haemophilus influenzae (2004)

Here we report that lysozyme and the beta defensins can inhibit the growth of clinical isolates of otitis media pathogens - namely NTHi strain 12, S. pneumoniae strains 3 and 6B and M. catarrhalis strain 035E - and cause ultrastructural damage to these pathogens. Moreover, we demonstrate that lysozyme and beta defensin-2 can act synergistically against S. pneumoniae. These findings are consistent with the concept that secreted antimicrobial peptides and other components of innate immunity constitute the first line of defense protecting host mucosal surfaces, including the tubotympanal (eustachian tube and middle ear cavity) mucosa, against pathogens.
Mixed-precision architecture based on computational memory for training deep neural networks (2018)

Deep neural networks (DNN) have revolutionized the field of machine learning by providing unprecedented human-like performance in solving many real-world problems such as image or speech recognition. Training of large DNNs, however, is a computationally intensive task, and this necessitates the development of novel computing architectures targeting this application. A computational memory unit where resistive memory devices are organized in crossbar arrays can be used to store the synaptic weights in their conductance states. The expensive multiply accumulate operations can be performed in place using Kirchhoff's circuit laws in a non-von Neumann manner. However, a key challenge remains the inability to alter the conductance states of the devices in a reliable manner during the weight update process. We propose a mixed-precision architecture that combines a computational memory unit storing the synaptic weights with a digital processing unit and an additional memory unit that stores the accumulated weight updates in high precision. The new architecture delivers classification accuracies comparable to those of floating-point implementations without being constrained by challenges associated with the non-ideal weight update characteristics of emerging resistive memories. The computational memory unit in a two layer neural network realized using nonlinear stochastic models of phase-change memory achieves a test accuracy of 97.40% in the MNIST digit classification problem.
Toward photonic-crystal metamaterials: Creating magnetic emitters in photonic crystals (2003)

In this work, we explore the possibility of designing photonic crystals to act as magnetic metamaterials: structures that exhibit magnetic properties despite the nonmagnetic character of their constituents. The building blocks of a magnetic material are microscopic magnetic dipoles, and to create a synthetic analog we employ point-defect modes in a photonic crystal. We begin by identifying a point defect mode in a three-dimensional crystal whose local field pattern resembles an oscillating magnetic moment. By analyzing the far-field pattern of the field radiated from the defect, we prove quantitatively that such modes can be designed with a primarily magnetic character: over 98% of the emitted power goes into magnetic multipole radiation. Unlike the constituents of natural para- and ferromagnetic materials, these synthetic magnetic emitters can be designed to operate without losses even at optical frequencies.
Learning grasping force from demonstration (2012)

This paper presents a novel force learning framework to learn fingertip force for a grasping and manipulation process from a human teacher with a force imaging approach. A demonstration station is designed to measure fingertip force without attaching force sensor on fingertips or objects so that this approach can be used with daily living objects. A Gaussian Mixture Model (GMM) based machine learning approach is applied on the fingertip force and position to obtain the motion and force model. Then a force and motion trajectory is generated with Gaussian Mixture Regression (GMR) from the learning result. The force and motion trajectory is applied to a robotic arm and hand to carry out a grasping and manipulation task. An experiment was designed and carried out to verify the learning framework by teaching a Fanuc robotic arm and a BarrettHand a pick-and-place task with demonstration. Experimental results show that the robot applied proper motions and forces in the pick-and-place task from the learned model.
Open-Ended Two-Strip Meander-Line Antenna for RFID Tags (2006)

open-ended strips is proposed for a compact and broadband UHF radio frequency identification tag. An equivalent circuit model for the proposed antenna is derived and used to perform a simple and wideband impedance match to an arbitrary complex impedance of a tag chip without any additional matching network. The performance of the proposed antenna is validated by comparing calculated and measured results, which show good agreement.
Ultrasonic Communication Using Consumer Hardware (2017)

We have implemented a near-ultrasonic communication protocol in the 18.5-20 kHz band, which is inaudible to most humans, using commodity smartphone speakers and microphones to transmit and receive signals. The protocol described in this paper is a component of Google's Nearby platform, where near-ultrasound signals are used to establish copresence between nearby devices by transmitting a short token. High-frequency sound does not pass through walls (most energy is reflected), so identified devices are constrained to approximately the same room, “within earshot” of one another. Our protocol has a raw data rate of 94.5 b/s, and we find in real indoor environments that transmission between mobile devices is reliable at 2 m distance and often works at 10 m. We use direct-sequence spread spectrum modulation, which makes it highly robust to multipath, motion, and narrowband noise. We use a 127-chip pseudorandom code, repeating once per data symbol, and modulate its amplitude with orthogonal sine waveforms encoding 4-bit symbol values. We add the orthogonal sines to a constant “pedestal,” which is inefficient in an information-theoretic sense, but makes synchronization easier. We describe a robust and computationally efficient transmitter and receiver implementations and show experiments on real and simulated data.
Single domain antibody‐based non‐invasive in vivo imaging of tau pathology (2022)

Abstract Background Numerous studies have shown that the extent of pathological tau protein in the brain correlates strongly with the severity of Alzheimer’s dementia at the time of death, and similar association with functional phenotypes have been seen in other tauopathies. In recent years, several dye‐based imaging probes with selectivity for tau aggregates have been developed. However, all are β‐sheet binders with varying affinity for different amyloids, and thereby lack specificity for tau lesions. In contrast, single domain antibodies (sdAbs) are specific for their target and because of their small size have much greater access into the brain than standard whole antibodies. Method To examine sdAbs’ suitability as non‐invasive in vivo imaging probes for tauopathies, we immunized a llama with a full‐length recombinant tau protein followed by boosters with human brain‐derived pathological tau proteins. Phage display libraries were generated from its peripheral blood mononuclear cells and screened for binding to tau proteins using various assays, resulting in a prototype sdAb deemed promising for in vivo imaging. Subsequently, this anti‐tau sdAb was labeled with a near‐infrared tag (680 nm), and injected intravenously in tauopathy and control mice, followed by imaging using an In Vivo Imaging System (IVIS). After the imaging, brains were extracted for tissue analysis. Result Intravenous injection of labeled sdAb resulted in a strong in vivo brain signal detected through the intact head in two different models of transgenic tauopathy mice, but not in wild‐type or transgenic α‐synucleinopathy mice. Importantly, the in vivo brain signal correlated strongly with insoluble (r = 0.9839, p < 0.0001) and soluble (human tau (CP27) and phospho‐tau (PHF1): r = 0.9603 and 0.9459, p < 0.0001) tau protein within the brain. Furthermore, postmortem analysis revealed extensive co‐localization of the sdAb imaging probe with tau aggregates within neurons in the endosomal‐lysosomal system, indicating their interaction in these degradation pathways. Conclusion Overall, this specific sdAb imaging ligand has great potential as an in vivo diagnostic marker for Alzheimer's disease and related tauopathies, and sdAb‐based imaging may be applicable to a variety of protein conformational disorders.
A Novel Hexavalent Capsular Polysaccharide Conjugate Vaccine (GBS6) for the Prevention of Neonatal Group B Streptococcal Infections by Maternal Immunization (2019)

The findings support the ongoing clinical evaluation of maternal GBS6 vaccination as a potential alternative method to prevent GBS disease in infants.
A truncated precursor form of prostate-specific antigen is a more specific serum marker of prostate cancer. (2001)

Prostate-specific antigen (PSA) is a widely used serum marker for prostate cancer (PCa) but has limited specificity for distinguishing early PCa from benign prostatic hyperplasia, because both PCa and benign prostatic hyperplasia release PSA into the serum. We have identified previously a truncated form of precursor PSA (pPSA) in prostate tumor extracts consisting of PSA with a serine-arginine pro leader peptide ([-2]pPSA) instead of the normally expressed 7 amino acid pro leader peptide. In the current study we developed monoclonal antibodies to detect [-2]pPSA and other isoforms of pPSA for Western blot analysis. PSA was immunoaffinity purified from 100 to 200 ml of serum from each of five men with biopsy-proven cancer and three biopsy-negative men, all with total PSA levels in the diagnostically relevant range near 10 ng/ml. The truncated [-2]pPSA was estimated to range from 25 to 95% of the free PSA in the five PCa samples but only 6-19% of the free PSA in the biopsy-negative men. Immunohistochemical studies showed positive staining for [-2]pPSA in PCa epithelium and that [-2]pPSA was enriched in cancer cell secretions. In vitro activation studies showed that human kallikrein 2 and trypsin readily activated full-length pPSA but were unable to activate [-2]pPSA to mature PSA. Thus, [-2]pPSA, once formed, is a stable but inactive isoform of PSA. Truncated [-2]pPSA may represent an important new diagnostic marker for the early detection of PCa.
Elemental concentrations from thermal capture gamma-ray spectra in geological formations (1988)

The problem discussed in this paper is the method of obtaining the most accurate elemental decomposition of neutron-induced gamma-ray spectra measured by a NaI(T1) detector in a subsurface environment. It is generally accepted that if the composite spectrum measured in the well can be correctly represented by a linear combination of known standard spectra, then the method of weighted least-squares (WLS) differences produces the most precise result. Previous work has established the basis for applying these techniques to thermal neutron capture spectra. More detailed studies, to ensure the validity of the linear composition assumption under all conditions of potential spectral distortion, have led to a recognition of the need for a more complete set of spectral standards to properly account for all significant spectral contributions. The spectrometer uses a pulsed accelerator to produce 14-MeV neutrons and is part of a set of spectrometers specifically designed to provide elemental concentrations of subsurface formations.