gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Functional Tetrametallic Linker Modules for Coordination Polymers and Metal−Organic Frameworks (2007)

The new biphenol-based tetranucleating ligand, 2,2',6,6'-tetrakis(N,N-bis(2-pyridylmethyl)aminomethyl)-4,4'-biphenolate, dbpbp2-, comprises two linearly disposed phenolato-hinged dinucleating heptadentate units, each of which offer one O and three N donors to a total of four metal ions. The ligand has been isolated as the zinc chloride complex [Zn4(dbpbp)Cl4]2+, and the ZnII ions have been completely or partially substituted by CuII, FeIII, CoII, and CoIII in metathesis reactions. Similarly, the chloride ligands of [Zn4(dbpbp)Cl4]2+ have been exchanged for solvent molecules (acetonitrile and/or water) and bridging carboxylate ligands. The resulting complexes have been characterized by single-crystal X-ray diffraction, ESI mass spectrometry (ESI-MS), cyclic voltammetry (CV), and EPR spectroscopy. The structures containing [M4(dbpbp)Cl4]2+ with M = ZnII or CuII exhibit 2-D polymeric honeycomb sheets in which intermolecular M...Cl interactions bridge between adjacent [M4(dbpbp)Cl4]2+ cations. Two mixed-metal tetrabenzoate complexes [M4(dbpbp)(O2CC6H5)4]2+/3+ have also been prepared, namely a stoichiometric CuII2ZnII2 complex and a nonstoichiometric FeIII/ZnII system. In the latter case, ESI-MS identifies FeZn3, Fe2Zn2, and Zn4 species, and X-ray crystallography suggests an average composition of Fe0.8Zn3.2. Preparation of a CoII4 complex by metathesis was considerably more difficult than preparation of [Cu4(dbpbp)Cl4]2+, requiring both a large excess of the cobalt source and the presence of auxiliary benzoate. In the presence of 2 equiv of benzoate per starting [Zn4(dbpbp)Cl4]2+ unit and excess CoII, dioxygen binds as peroxide at each end of the molecule to give the CoIII4 complex [Co4(dbpbp)(O2)2(O2CC6H5)2]4+. This latter complex, together with new tetra- and hexametallic benzenedicarboxylato- and benzenetricarboxylato-bridged complexes of dinuclear [Co2(O2)(bpbp)]3+ units (bpbp- = 2,6-bis(N,N-bis-(2-pyridylmethyl)aminomethyl)-4-tert-butyl-phenolate), is a module for potential construction of 1-D and 2-D coordination polymers/metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) capable of reversible O2 binding.
Biodiversity program study 2004 (2004)

The objective of the study is to provide the GEF Council, the GEF Secretariat and its Biodiversity Team, the GEF Biodiversity Task Force, and the general biodiversity community with an assessment of how the GEF Biodiversity Program is performing and recommendations on how to continue its development. In addition, the study also provides information on how the GEF implements its biodiversity focal area, discusses the difficulties in measuring achievements and impacts in this focal area, and presents some ideas on the way forward.
Chemosensitivity testing of xenografted squamous cell carcinomas of the head and neck region. (1993)

Eight squamous cell carcinomas from the head and neck region were established as xenograft lines in nude mice and tested for their sensitivity to the antineoplastic drugs bleomycin and cisplatin. Tumor volume, histology, DNA flow cytometry and mitotic activity were used as parameters. One out of the 8 tumours appeared to be highly sensitive to bleomycin, while three other tumours were sensitive to both bleomycin and cisplatin. These observations are in good correlation with the reported data in patients. All chemosensitive tumours showed regrowth after the cytotoxic drug treatment had been completed. No change was seen in the chemosensitivity of other features of the regrown tumours, not even after repeated exposure to the drugs. Comparison of the tumour volume with the other parameters applied indicated that the tumour volume of squamous cell carcinomas was not always a reliable parameter for testing chemosensitivity, because of the important contribution of keratin to the tumour volume. It is concluded that additional parameters such as histological examination, DNA flow cytometry or mitotic activity are necessary in order to draw reliable conclusion on xenografts with a large avital component. In addition, DNA flow cytometry has proved to be very useful for the rapid screening of drug sensitivity.
Perfluoroalkyl Acid Uptake in Lettuce (<i>Lactuca sativa</i>) and Strawberry (<i>Fragaria ananassa</i>) Irrigated with Reclaimed Water (2014)

Using reclaimed water to irrigate food crops presents an exposure pathway for persistent organic contaminants such as perfluoroalkyl acids (PFAAs) to enter the human food chain. This greenhouse study used reclaimed water augmented with varying concentrations (0.2-40 μg/L) of PFAAs, including perfluorocarboxylates (C3F7COO(-) to C8F17COO(-)) and perfluorosulfonates (C4F9SO2O(-), C6F13SO2O(-), C8F17SO2O(-)), to investigate potential uptake and concentration-response trends in lettuce (Lactuca sativa) and strawberry (Fragaria ananassa). In addition, studies were conducted to evaluate the role of soil organic carbon concentrations on plant uptake of PFAAs. PFAA concentrations in lettuce leaves and strawberry fruit were measured for each aqueous PFAA concentration applied. PFAA plant concentrations increased linearly with the aqueous concentration for all PFAAs, with PFCAs bioaccumulating to a greater degree than PFSAs in the edible portions of the tested plants. Chain-length-dependency trends were evident in both lettuce shoot and strawberry fruit, with decreasing concentrations associated with increasing chain length. Perfluorobutanoate (PFBA) and perfluoropentanoate (PFPeA), both short-chain PFAAs (<8 carbon chain length), accumulated the most compared with other PFAAs tested in the edible parts of both lettuce and strawberry. PFAA concentrations in strawberry root and shoot were also measured at selected PFAA aqueous concentrations (0.4, 4, and 40 μg/L). Short-chain perfluorocarboxylates were the dominant fraction in the strawberry fruit and shoot compartments, whereas a more even distribution of all PFAAs appeared in the root compartment. Lettuce grown in soils with varying organic carbon contents (0.4%, 2%, 6%) was used to assess the impact of organic carbon sorption on PFAA bioaccumulation. The lettuce grown in soil with the 6% organic carbon content had the lowest bioaccumulation of PFAAs. Bioaccumulation factors for lettuce were correlated to carbon chain length of PFAAs, showing approximately a 0.4 to 0.6 log decrease per CF2 group. This study confirms that PFAAs can enter and bioaccumulate in food crops irrigated with reclaimed water. Bioaccumulation potential depends on analyte functional group and chain length, concentration in the reclaimed water, and organic carbon content of the soil.
Polymer-assisted fabrication of crystalline rectangular microtubes of triphenylimidazole derivatives (2012)

In this study, a self-assembly technique assisted with thermoresponsive diblock copolymer poly(N,N-dimethylacrylamide)-b-poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) (PDMA-b-PNIPAM) is developed to fabricate crystalline microtubes of 2-(4′-((4′-vinylbenzyl)oxyl)phenyl)-4,5-diphenylimidazole (VPD). The as-prepared VPD microtubes are identified to have a hollow tubular structure with a rectangular cross section. All the obtained microtubes under optimal conditions have a uniform size of 220 nm in diameter, 20 nm in wall thickness, and 4.5 μm in length. Additionally, the length of the VPD microtubes can be readily controlled by adjusting the concentration of VPD. Furthermore, the VPD microtubes exhibit interesting size-dependent optical properties, of which the UV-vis absorption band shows an obvious red shift compared to that of the monomer. These results should be significant in triphenylimidazole derivative crystallization and their potential applications in optoelectronic devices.
Early phase II study of the new aromatase inhibitor YM511 in postmenopausal patients with breast cancer. Difficulty in clinical dose recommendation based on preclinical and phase I findings. (2003)

YM511 appeared to be effective and safe in postmenopausal patients with breast cancer. Dose-dependent increase in response rate was not clearly observed at doses from 0.3 mg/day to 30 mg/day. The recommended dose of YM511 for further studies is 0.3 mg or less than 0.3 mg.
Electromyography data for non-invasive naturally-controlled robotic hand prostheses (2014)

Recent advances in rehabilitation robotics suggest that it may be possible for hand-amputated subjects to recover at least a significant part of the lost hand functionality. The control of robotic prosthetic hands using non-invasive techniques is still a challenge in real life: myoelectric prostheses give limited control capabilities, the control is often unnatural and must be learned through long training times. Meanwhile, scientific literature results are promising but they are still far from fulfilling real-life needs. This work aims to close this gap by allowing worldwide research groups to develop and test movement recognition and force control algorithms on a benchmark scientific database. The database is targeted at studying the relationship between surface electromyography, hand kinematics and hand forces, with the final goal of developing non-invasive, naturally controlled, robotic hand prostheses. The validation section verifies that the data are similar to data acquired in real-life conditions, and that recognition of different hand tasks by applying state-of-the-art signal features and machine-learning algorithms is possible.
Synthesis and Antiviral Evaluation of Phosphoramidate Derivatives of (<i>E</i>)-5-(2-Bromovinyl)-2′-Deoxyuridine (2001)

We report the design, synthesis and antiviral evaluation of a number of lipophilic, masked phosphoramidate derivatives of the antiherpetic agent (E)-5-(2-bromovinyl)-2'-deoxyuridine (BVDU), designed to act as membrane soluble prodrugs of the free nucleotide. The phosphoramidate derivatives of BVDU that contain L-alanine exhibited potent anti herpes simplex virus type 1 and varicella-zoster virus activity but lost marked activity against thymidine kinase-deficient virus strains. The phosphoramidate derivative bearing the amino acid alpha,alpha-dimethylglycine showed poor activity in all cell lines tested. It appears that successful kinase bypass by phosphoramidates is highly dependent on the nucleoside analogue, amino acid and ester structure, as well as the cell line to which the drugs are exposed.
Handbook of corrosion engineering (2000)

Fully revised throughout, Handbook of Corrosion Engineering, Second Edition discusses the latest advances in corrosion-resistant materials, methods, and protective coatings. This comprehensive resource covers all aspects of corrosion damage, including detection, monitoring, prevention, and control. Written by a world-renowned expert on the subject, the book helps you to select materials and resolve design issues where corrosion is considered a factor. Understand, predict, evaluate, mitigate, and correct corrosion problems with help from this authoritative guide.
Single-pass clustering for peer-to-peer information retrieval (2006)

Document clustering has been a particularly active research field within the Information Retrieval (IR) community. Among the numerous clustering algorithms proposed, single-pass clustering stands out in terms of both time and space efficiency. However, it is generally acknowledged that single-pass clustering has a major defect, namely its output depends on the order in which documents are presented. Building on our previous work, and having identified single-pass clustering as potentially useful for P2P IR, we study the extent to which this is true in practical terms. We do so by experimenting with two large web-based testbeds, which are suitable for Peer-to-Peer IR evaluation. The results of our study show that document ordering does not practically matter for single-pass clustering.
Synthesis and Biological Evaluation of 2-Heteroarylthioalkanoic Acid Analogues of Clofibric Acid as Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptor α Agonists (2009)

A series of 2-heteroarylthioalkanoic acids were synthesized through systematic structural modifications of clofibric acid and evaluated for human peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha (PPARalpha) transactivation activity, with the aim of obtaining new hypolipidemic compounds. Some thiophene and benzothiazole derivatives showing a good activation of the receptor alpha were screened for activity against the PPARgamma isoform. The gene induction of selected compounds was also investigated in the human hepatoma cell line.
Interaction between Lithium Amide and Lithium Hydride (2003)

Pure lithium amide (LiNH2) decomposes to lithium imide and ammonia at temperatures above 300 °C. Lithium hydride, on the other hand, liberates hydrogen at temperatures above 550 °C. By thoroughly mixing these two substances and conducting temperature-programmed desorption (TPD), we noticed that hydrogen was produced at temperatures around 150 °C. Combined thermogravimetric (TG), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and infrared (IR) analysis revealed that lithium amide would react with lithium hydride and convert to hydrogen and lithium imide (or Li-rich imide). The reaction mechanism was investigated by isotopic exchange.
Transport of a fluorescent phosphatidylcholine analog from the plasma membrane to the Golgi apparatus. (1984)

We have examined the internalization and degradation of a fluorescent analog of phosphatidylcholine after its insertion into the plasma membrane of cultured Chinese hamster fibroblasts. 1-acyl-2-(N-4-nitrobenzo-2-oxa-1,3-diazole)-aminocaproyl phosphatidylcholine (C6-NBD-PC) was incorporated into the cell surface by liposome-cell lipid transfer at 2 degrees C. The fluorescent lipid remained localized at the plasma membrane as long as the cells were kept at 2 degrees C; however, when the cells were warmed to 37 degrees C, internalization of some of the fluorescent lipid occurred. Most of the internalized C6-NBD-PC accumulated in the Golgi apparatus although a small amount was found randomly distributed throughout the cytoplasm in punctate fluorescent structures. Internalization of the fluorescent lipid at 37 degrees C was blocked by the presence of inhibitors of endocytosis. Incubation of cells containing C6-NBD-PC at 37 degrees C resulted in a rapid degradation of the fluorescent lipid. This degradation occurred predominantly at the plasma membrane. The degradation of C6-NBD-PC resulted in the release of NBD-fatty acid into the medium. We have compared the internalization of the fluorescent lipid with that of a fluorescent protein bound to the cell surface. Both fluorescent lipid and protein remained at the plasma membrane at 2 degrees C and neither were internalized at 37 degrees C in the presence of inhibitors of endocytosis. However, when incubated at 37 degrees C under conditions that permit endocytosis, the two fluorescent species appeared at different intracellular sites. Our data suggest that there is no transmembrane movement of C6-NBD-PC and that the fluorescent probe reflects the internalization of the outer leaflet of the plasma membrane lipid bilayer. The results are consistent with the Golgi apparatus as being the primary delivery site of phospholipid by bulk membrane movement from the plasma membrane.
Analysis and measurements of permanent magnet 'bifilar' helical wigglers (1988)

Analysis and measurements of the permanent magnet 'bifilar' helical wiggler, composed of a cylindrical array of staggered bar magnets are presented. The discreteness of the magnets is taken into account, thus enabling a calculation of the field strengths of the fundamental and higher spatial harmonics. Calculations show that the performance of this wiggler is expected to be comparable or to better than that of a planar wiggler similar parameters. In addition, samarium-cobalt-iron hybrids in which soft iron tubes were used to enhance and/or taper the wiggler field amplitude were studied experimentally and analytically.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Reinforcement Learning for Efficient Network Penetration Testing (2019)

Penetration testing (also known as pentesting or PT) is a common practice for actively assessing the defenses of a computer network by planning and executing all possible attacks to discover and exploit existing vulnerabilities. Current penetration testing methods are increasingly becoming non-standard, composite and resource-consuming despite the use of evolving tools. In this paper, we propose and evaluate an AI-based pentesting system which makes use of machine learning techniques, namely reinforcement learning (RL) to learn and reproduce average and complex pentesting activities. The proposed system is named Intelligent Automated Penetration Testing System (IAPTS) consisting of a module that integrates with industrial PT frameworks to enable them to capture information, learn from experience, and reproduce tests in future similar testing cases. IAPTS aims to save human resources while producing much-enhanced results in terms of time consumption, reliability and frequency of testing. IAPTS takes the approach of modeling PT environments and tasks as a partially observed Markov decision process (POMDP) problem which is solved by POMDP-solver. Although the scope of this paper is limited to network infrastructures PT planning and not the entire practice, the obtained results support the hypothesis that RL can enhance PT beyond the capabilities of any human PT expert in terms of time consumed, covered attacking vectors, accuracy and reliability of the outputs. In addition, this work tackles the complex problem of expertise capturing and re-use by allowing the IAPTS learning module to store and re-use PT policies in the same way that a human PT expert would learn but in a more efficient way.
<title>Back-illuminated CCD imagers for high-information-content digital photography</title> (1998)

The advantages of digital photography are well documented, and digital photography is seeing increased use in demanding photography applications. Of the many implementations of digital cameras, the three-CCD camera provides the optimal resolution, temporal sampling, and color reproduction, which when examined together form the information content of the sensor - a physical measure of the detector's imaging performance. So that uncertainty between the object of interest and the reproduced image is reduced, high quality, precise, color photographic records require sensors with the highest possible information handling capability. Furthermore, high information content images, due to the increases information about the scene, can be compressed to smaller file sizes than can lower fidelity images -thus, allowing reduced transmission data rates. Whereas traditional film is hypersensitive in the blue, conventional CCD imagers have reduced blue response as compared to their red response. A class of CCD called the back-illuminated CCD has uniform spectral response throughout the visible, UV, and NIR spectral regions. By integrating the uniform spectral response of the back-illuminated CCD with ultra-low noise amplifiers, high dynamic range pixels, a high pixel density, a large area detector, and a 3-CCD color prism architecture, a nearly ideal digital camera can be realized. This paper discusses a development effort at PixelVision Inc. to realize a nearly ideal color digital camera. So that a system for evaluating solid state photographic imagers can be established, a methodology of determining the information content of an imager is introduced and the information content of a back-illuminated CCD camera is compared to conventional film and to currently available studio digital cameras.
Anomaly Detection and Failure Root Cause Analysis in (Micro) Service-Based Cloud Applications: A Survey (2022)

The proliferation of services and service interactions within microservices and cloud-native applications, makes it harder to detect failures and to identify their possible root causes, which is, on the other hand crucial to promptly recover and fix applications. Various techniques have been proposed to promptly detect failures based on their symptoms, viz., observing anomalous behaviour in one or more application services, as well as to analyse logs or monitored performance of such services to determine the possible root causes for observed anomalies. The objective of this survey is to provide a structured overview and qualitative analysis of currently available techniques for anomaly detection and root cause analysis in modern multi-service applications. Some open challenges and research directions stemming out from the analysis are also discussed.
La sociología del derecho de Max Weber (1989)

Clinical assessment tools could be derived from this approach that may provide a means to continually track patients, allowing intervention strategies to be better evaluated on a patient-specific basis and to identify residual cytokine activity that could be used to guide combination therapy.
Structured Surfaces as Optical Metamaterials (2011)

Optical metamaterials are an exciting new field in optical science. A rapidly developing class of these metamaterials are those that allow the manipulation of volume and surface electromagnetic waves in desirable ways by suitably structuring the surfaces they interact with. They have applications in a variety of fields, such as materials science, photovoltaic technology, imaging and lensing, beam shaping and lasing. Describing techniques and applications, this book is ideal for researchers and professionals working in metamaterials and plasmonics, as well as those just entering this exciting new field. It surveys different types of structured surfaces, their design and fabrication, their unusual optical properties, recent experimental observations and their applications. Each chapter is written by an expert in that area, giving the reader an up-to-date overview of the subject. Both the experimental and theoretical aspects of each topic are presented.
Micropatterning of bioactive self-assembling gels (2009)

Microscale topographical features have been known to affect cell behavior. An important target in this area is to integrate top down techniques with bottom up self-assembly to create three-dimensional (3D) patterned bioactive mimics of extracellular matrices. We report a novel approach toward this goal and demonstrate its use to study the behavior of human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs). By incorporating polymerizable acetylene groups in the hydrophobic segment of peptide amphiphiles (PAs), we were able to micro-pattern nanofiber gels of these bioactive materials. PAs containing the cell adhesive epitope arginine-glycine-aspartic acid-serine (RGDS) were allowed to self-assemble within microfabricated molds to create networks of either randomly oriented or aligned ~30 nm diameter nanofiber bundles that were shaped into topographical patterns containing holes, posts, or channels up to 8 μm in height and down to 5 μm in lateral dimensions. When topographical patterns contained nanofibers aligned through flow prior to gelation, the majority of hMSCs aligned in the direction of the nanofibers even in the presence of hole microtextures and more than a third of them maintained this alignment when encountering perpendicular channel microtextures. Interestingly, in topographical patterns with randomly oriented nanofibers, osteoblastic differentiation was enhanced on hole microtextures compared to all other surfaces.