gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Building User-defined Runtime Adaptation Routines for Stream Processing Applications (2012)

Stream processing applications are deployed as continuous queries that run from the time of their submission until their cancellation. This deployment mode limits developers who need their applications to perform runtime adaptation, such as algorithmic adjustments, incremental job deployment, and application-specific failure recovery. Currently, developers do runtime adaptation by using external scripts and/or by inserting operators into the stream processing graph that are unrelated to the data processing logic. In this paper, we describe a component called orchestrator that allows users to write routines for automatically adapting the application to runtime conditions. Developers build an orchestrator by registering and handling events as well as specifying actuations. Events can be generated due to changes in the system state (e.g., application component failures), built-in system metrics (e.g., throughput of a connection), or custom application metrics (e.g., quality score). Once the orchestrator receives an event, users can take adaptation actions by using the orchestrator actuation APIs. We demonstrate the use of the orchestrator in IBM's System S in the context of three different applications, illustrating application adaptation to changes on the incoming data distribution, to application failures, and on-demand dynamic composition.
Double-biprism electron interferometry (2004)

Electron holography based on two electron biprisms was developed. The upper biprism was installed just on the image plane of the objective lens, and the lower one was set between the crossover point and image plane of the magnifying lens. This system was able to control two important parameters of the hologram—fringe space and width of interference region—independently. The system enabled us to perform electron holography and interferometry more flexibly. We confirmed the good performance of the system and did preliminary applications using a 1-MV field-emission electron microscope.
Change in stress of GaN light-emitting diode films during the process of transferring the film from the Si(111) growth substrate to new substrate (2008)

InGaN multiple-quantum-well(MQW) light-emitting diode(LED) thin films were successfully transferred from the original Si(111) substrate to new Si substrate, and then the vertical structure LEDs were fabricated. After the original substrate removal, the residual tensile stress in GaN layer of the transfferred film is partially relaxed, while the compressive stress in InGaN well layer is increased. When the buffer layer of the transferred LED film was eliminated, the tensile stress in GaN layer was shown to increase. However, the compressive stress in InGaN well layer was kept unvaried. The performance of the vertical LEDs was significantly improved compared with the lateral LEDs.
Cryptoleq: A Heterogeneous Abstract Machine for Encrypted and Unencrypted Computation. (2015)

The rapid expansion and increased popularity of cloud computing comes with no shortage of privacy concerns about outsourcing computation to semi-trusted parties. Leveraging the power of encryption, in this paper we introduce Cryptoleq: an abstract machine based on the concept of One Instruction Set Computer, capable of performing general-purpose computation on encrypted programs. The program operands are protected using the Paillier partially homomorphic cryptosystem, which supports addition on the encrypted domain. Full homomorphism over addition and multiplication, which is necessary for enabling general-purpose computation, is achieved by inventing a software re-encryption module written using Cryptoleq instructions and blended into the executing program. Cryptoleq is heterogeneous, allowing mixing encrypted and unencrypted instruction operands in the same program memory space. Programming with Cryptoleq is facilitated using an enhanced assembly language that allows development of any advanced algorithm on encrypted datasets. As a case study, we implemented and evaluated the performance of a typical Private Information Retrieval problem.
Direct Imprinting of Scalable, High-Performance Woodpile Electrodes for Three-Dimensional Lithium-Ion Nanobatteries (2018)

The trend of device downscaling drives a corresponding need for power source miniaturization. Though numerous microfabrication methods lead to successful creation of submillimeter-scale electrodes, scalable approaches that provide cost-effective nanoscale resolution for energy storage devices such as on-chip batteries remain elusive. Here, we report nanoimprint lithography (NIL) as a direct patterning technique to fabricate high-performance TiO<sub>2</sub> nanoelectrode arrays for lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) over relatively large areas. The critical electrode dimension is below 200 nm, which enables the structure to possess favorable rate capability even under discharging current densities as high as 5000 mA g<sup>-1</sup>. In addition, by sequential imprinting, electrodes with three-dimensional (3D) woodpile architecture were readily made in a "stack-up" manner. The height of architecture can be easily controlled by the number of stacked layers while maintaining nearly constant surface-to-volume ratios. The result is a proportional increase of areal capacity with the number of layers. The structure-processing combination leads to efficient use of the material, and the resultant specific capacity (250.9 mAh g<sup>-1</sup>) is among the highest reported. This work provides a simple yet effective strategy to fabricate nanobatteries and can be potentially extended to other electroactive materials.
A Multi-Channel Radiometer For Measurement Of The Optical Properties Of The Atmosphere (1989)

A multi-channel solar radiometer system called the Atmospheric Optical Calibration System (AOCS) has been developed at the Solar Energy Research Institute to perform real-time measurements of the optical transmittance properties of the atmosphere at selected wavelengths within the solar spectral regime (.3 to 3 μm). These measurements are analyzed in conjunction with a simple spectral solar radiation model to calculate real-time solar spectral irradiance values. The AOCS will be used to relate existing atmospheric optical and solar radiation conditions to selected standard conditions, so that decisions can be made regarding the outdoor testing of solar energy conversion devices (i.e., photovoltaic devices/cells. The concept for this instrument was originally described by Hulstrom and Cannon.
Suppression of Fiber Fuse Propagation in Hole Assisted Fiber and Photonic Crystal Fiber (2010)

We suppressed fiber fuse propagation in hole-assisted fiber (HAF) and photonic crystal fiber (PCF) with input powers above 14 W at 1480 and 1550 nm. This result indicates that the threshold power of fiber fuse propagation in HAF and PCF can be at least 10 times larger than that in conventional single-mode fiber (SMF) in the optical communication band. We also observed the dynamics of fiber fuse termination at a splice point between a test fiber (HAF or PCF) and a conventional fiber (SMF or dispersion-shifted fiber (DSF)). Our experimental results show that air holes in HAF and PCF play an important role in suppressing fiber fuse propagation.
BIFUNCTIONAL CATALYSTS FOR THE SELECTIVE CATALYTIC REDUCTION OF NO BY HYDROCARBONS (2003)

Novel bifunctional catalysts combining two active phases, typically Cu-ZSM-5 and a modifier, were prepared and tested for the selective catalytic reduction of nitrogen oxides using propylene in order to overcome the hindering effects of water typically seen for single-phase catalysts such as Cu-ZSM-5. The catalysts were made by typical preparation techniques, but parameters could be varied to influence the catalyst. The physical characterization of the materials showed that the modification phase was added strictly to the external surface of the zeolite without hindering any internal surface area. Chemical characterization by temperature programmed reactions, DRIFTS and x-ray absorption spectroscopy indicated strong interaction between the two phases, primarily producing materials that exhibited lower reduction temperatures. Two improvements in NOx reduction activity (1000 ppm NO, 1000 ppm C3H6, 2% O2, 30,000 hr-1 GHSV) were seen for these catalysts compared with Cu- ZSM-5: a lower temperature of maximum NOx conversion activity (as low at 250 C), and an enhancement of activity when water was present in the system. The use of a second phase provides a way to further tune the properties of the catalyst in order to achieve mechanistic conditions necessary to maximize NOx remediation.
Estimation, Navigation and Control of Multi-Rotor Drones in an Urban Wind Field (2017)

The paper presents an on-board estimation, navigation and control architecture for multi-rotor drones flying in urban environment. It consists of adaptive algorithms to estimate vehicle's aerodynamic drag coefficients with respect to still air and the urban wind components along the flight trajectory, with guaranteed fast and reliable convergence to the true values; navigation algorithms to generate feasible trajectories between given way-points that take into account the estimated wind; and of control algorithms to track the generated trajectories as long as the vehicle retains sufficient number of functioning rotors capable of compensating for the estimated wind. All components of this on-board system are computationally effective and are intended for a real time implementation. The algorithms were tested in simulations.
Simple efficiency maximizer for an adjustable frequency induction motor drive (1991)

A new method of efficiency maximization that utilizes sensing of the third-harmonic component of air-gap flux is proposed. This signal is used to determine the resulting instantaneous position of the fundamental component of the air gap flux and, consequently, the torque- and flux-producing components of the stator current. In addition, the third harmonic signal is also used to determine the rotor speed. Hence, the output power of the machine can be calculated with only a single sensor wire attached to the neutral point of the machine. The flux-producing component can be readily adjusted to produce the minimum input power for a fixed amount of output power (fixed speed).< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Discrimination of Steady State and Transient State of Extremum Seeking Control via Sinusoidal Detection (2013)

A major class of extremum seeking control is based on the use of periodic dither perturbation of plant input for extracting the gradient information. Presence of the dither input into the steady state operation is undesirable in practice due to the possible excessive wear of actuators. It is thus beneficial to stop the dithering action after the extremum seeking process reaches its steady state. In this paper, we propose a method for automatically discriminate between the steady state and the transient state modes of extremum seeking control process using the sinusoidal detection techniques. Some design guidelines are proposed for the parameter selection of the relevant sinusoidal detection scheme. The proposed scheme is validated with simulation study.
(+)- and (-)-3-Methoxycyproheptadine. A comparative evaluation of the antiserotonin, antihistaminic, anticholinergic, and orexigenic properties with cyproheptadine (1977)

The synthesis and resolution of (+/-)-3-methoxycyproheptadine [(+/-)-4] are described. As a peripheral serotonin antagonist, (+/-)-4 was found to be one-half as potent as cyproheptadine (1b). The peripheral anticholinergic and antihistaminic activities as well as the orexigenic property of (+/-)-4 are less than those of 1b. A further comparison of the enantiomers (+)-4 and (-)-4 shows that all of the anticholinergic activity of (+/-)-4 resides solely in the dextrorotatory enantiomer, (+)-4, while the antiserotonin activity, which is similar to that of 1b, resides in the levorotatory enantiomer, (-)-4. Antihistaminic and orexigenic activity also resides in (-)-4 but these properties are reduced compared to those of 1b.
Pitch in speech: A hearing theory approach (1979)

The current hearing theory views on perception of pitch in complex sounds converge towards the interpretation that pitch is the result of a psychological pattern recognition process. Pitch is determined by the fundamental of the harmonic sound which spectrum optimally matches that of the complex sound. Goldstein [J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 54, 1496–1516 (1973)] proposed an objective procedure for finding the best fit. We have adapted and extended his procedure in a pitch meter which measures pitch in speech. The most important deviation from Goldstein's procedure is that in our implementation not all components of the complex sound have to be classified as harmonics. A simple criterion, based on the number of harmonics that is classified as a candidate pitch, determines which candidate pitch is selected. Performance of this psychoacoustically based pitch meter compares favorably with that of known algorithms.
Exploitation of Conformational Dynamics in Imparting Selective Inhibition for Related Matrix Metalloproteinases (2017)

Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) have numerous physiological functions and share a highly similar catalytic domain. Differential dynamical information on the closely related human MMP-8, -13, and -14 was integrated onto the benzoxazinone molecular template. An <i>in silico</i> library of 28,099 benzoxazinones was generated and evaluated in the context of the molecular-dynamics information. This led to experimental evaluation of 19 synthesized compounds and identification of selective inhibitors, which have potential utility in delineating the physiological functions of MMPs. Moreover, the approach serves as an example of how dynamics of closely related active sites may be exploited to achieve selective inhibition by small molecules and should find applications in other enzyme families with similar active sites.
Isolation, characterization, and regulation of the<i>Candida</i><i>albicans</i><i>ERG27</i>gene encoding the sterol 3-keto reductase (2004)

The Candida albicans ERG27 gene which encodes the 3-keto reductase enzyme required for sterol C-4 demethylation was isolated and found to encode a 349 amino acid protein that is 60% identical at the amino acid level to the Saccharomyces cerevisiae Erg27p. A C. albicans erg27 null was created in a strain containing an integrated ERG27 rescue cassette under the control of the pMAL2 inducible promoter. The C. albicans erg27 strain was able to grow only in the presence of maltose indicating that the ERG27 gene is essential. The C. albicans erg27 null showed complete loss of both 3-keto reductase and oxidosqualene cyclase (Erg7p) activities compromising all sterol synthesis. These results suggest that Erg27p inhibitors might be effective antifungals. To explore ERG27 regulation, an erg11 null strain was generated. C. albicans erg6 and erg24 mutants were also employed along with the inhibitors, itraconazole and zaragozic acid A, to characterize ERG27 expression using Northern analysis. Expression was increased two- to fourfold in erg11, erg6 and erg24 backgrounds. However, itraconazole which targets Erg11p (lanosterol demethylase) increased ERG27 expression 10-fold and zaragozic acid A which targets the Erg9p (squalene synthase) increased ERG27 expression fivefold. The azole and erg11 results support other observations that azoles may affect non-sterol targets.
Organosilicon polymers for lithographic applications (1983)

Abstract Linear polymers of silicone gums (polysiloxanes) have many attributes that make them attractive for lithographic applications, such as oxidative and thermal stability, good adhesion properties, solubility in common solvents, and resistance to etching in an oxygen plasma. When polysiloxanes are used as the top imaging layer (∼2000Å) in a two‐layer resist system, the developed negative siloxane images act as a high resolution etch mask for the oxygen plasma etching of the bottom planarizing polymer layer. Commercially available polysiloxanes have been evaluated for their deep UV sensitivity at 2537Å, and have been found to have very high resolution capabilities (∼0.5μ) and high contrast (γ = 4). The negative images do not swell in the developer, and the line width is therefore independent of development time. The combination of high resolution, sensitivity, and ease of processing make this a simple multilayer system for deep UV and e ‐beam applications.
Highly PEGylated DNA Nanoparticles Provide Uniform and Widespread Gene Transfer in the Brain (2015)

Gene delivery to the central nervous system (CNS) has potential as a means for treating numerous debilitating neurological diseases. Nonviral gene vector platforms are tailorable and can overcome key limitations intrinsic to virus-mediated delivery; however, lack of clinical efficacy with nonviral systems to date may be attributed to limited gene vector dispersion and transfection in vivo. It is shown that the brain extracellular matrix (ECM) strongly limits penetration of polymer-based gene vector nanoparticles (NP) through the brain parenchyma, even when they are very small (<60 nm) and coated with a polyethylene glycol (PEG) corona of typical density. Following convection enhanced delivery (CED), conventional gene vectors are confined to the injection site, presumably by adhesive interactions with the brain ECM and do not provide gene expression beyond the point of administration. In contrast, it is found that incorporating highly PEGylated polymers allows the production of compacted (≈43 nm) and colloidally stable DNA NP that avoid adhesive trapping within the brain parenchyma. When administered by CED into the rat striatum, highly PEGylated DNA NP distribute throughout and provide broad transgene expression without vector-induced toxicity. The use of these brain-penetrating gene vectors, in conjunction with CED, offers an avenue to improve gene therapy for CNS diseases.
Relationship between autoregulation and nitrate inhibition of nodulation in soybeans (1989)

Ten of 11 supernodulating mutants of soybean [ Glycine max (L.) Merr.] cv. Bragg, in which nodulation was far in excess of that in the wild type, showed pronounced tolerance of nodulation to applied nitrate. Mutant nts (nitrate‐tolerant symbiosis) 1116 had an intermediate nodulation response and also showed some inhibition by nitrate. Mutant 1029, a revertant of nts382 (an extreme supernodulator), showed a wild‐type nodulation pattern and was equally sensitive to nitrate as cv. Bragg. Grafting experiments with cv. Bragg and nts382 indicated that both supernodulation and tolerance of nodulation to nitrate were dependent on shoot factors. Total leaf nitrate reductase (EC 1.6.6.1 and EC 1.6.6.2) activity of the supernodulating mutants was similar to that in cv. Bragg. We conclude from these results that the inhibitory effect of nitrate on nodule initiation and development in soybean depends on an interaction between nitrate and the autoregulation singal. In the supernodulating mutants, the autoregulation signal is either altered or absent and cosequently nodulation in these mutants is not sensitive to nitrate.
De-anonymizing the internet using unreliable IDs (2009)

Today's Internet is open and anonymous. While it permits free traffic from any host, attackers that generate malicious traffic cannot typically be held accountable. In this paper, we present a system called HostTracker that tracks dynamic bindings between hosts and IP addresses by leveraging application-level data with unreliable IDs. Using a month-long user login trace from a large email provider, we show that HostTracker can attribute most of the activities reliably to the responsible hosts, despite the existence of dynamic IP addresses, proxies, and NATs. With this information, we are able to analyze the host population, to conduct forensic analysis, and also to blacklist malicious hosts dynamically.
<title>Content-addressable holographic databases</title> (2000)

Holographic data storage allows the simultaneous search of an entire database by performing multiple optical correlations between stored data pages and a search argument. We have recently developed fuzzy encoding techniques for this fast parallel search and demonstrated a holographic data storage system that searches digital data records with high fidelity. This content-addressable retrieval is based on the ability to take the two-dimensional inner product between the search page and each stored data page. We show that this ability is lost when the correlator is defocussed to avoid material oversaturation, but can be regained by the combination of a random phase mask and beam confinement through total internal reflection. Finally, we propose an architecture in which spatially multiplexed holograms are distributed along the path of the search beam, allowing parallel search of large databases.
Multiband accelerated spin‐echo echo planar imaging with reduced peak RF power using time‐shifted RF pulses (2013)

A simple approach has been demonstrated that significantly alleviates the restrictions imposed on achievable slice acceleration factors in multiband spin-echo imaging due to the power requirements of multibanded RF pulses. This solution will allow for increased accelerations in diffusion-weighted MRI applications where data acquisition times are normally very long and the ability to accelerate is extremely valuable.
Discovery of a Potent and Selective Free Fatty Acid Receptor 1 Agonist with Low Lipophilicity and High Oral Bioavailability (2013)

The free fatty acid receptor 1 (FFA1, also known as GPR40) mediates enhancement of glucose-stimulated insulin secretion and is emerging as a new target for the treatment of type 2 diabetes. Several FFA1 agonists are known, but the majority of these suffer from high lipophilicity. We have previously reported the FFA1 agonist 3 (TUG-424). We here describe the continued structure-activity exploration and optimization of this compound series, leading to the discovery of the more potent agonist 40, a compound with low lipophilicity, excellent in vitro metabolic stability and permeability, complete oral bioavailability, and appreciable efficacy on glucose tolerance in mice.
Nonresonant Broadband Funneling of Light via Ultrasubwavelength Channels (2011)

Enhancing and funneling light efficiently through deep subwavelength apertures is essential in harnessing light-matter interaction. Thus far, this has been accomplished resonantly, by exciting the structural surface plasmons of perforated nanostructured metal films, a phenomenon known as extraordinary optical transmission. Here, we present a new paradigm structure which possesses all the capabilities of extraordinary optical transmission platforms, yet operates nonresonantly on a distinctly different mechanism. Our proposed platform demonstrates efficient ultrabroadband funneling of optical power confined in an area as small as ∼(λ/500)(2), where optical fields are enhanced, thus exhibiting functional possibilities beyond resonant platforms. We analyze the nonresonant mechanism underpinning such a phenomenon with a simple quasistatic picture, which shows excellent agreement with our numerical simulations.