gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Influences of poly (vinyl alcohol) molecular weight and carbon nanotubes on radiation crosslinking shape memory polymers (2017)

Polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) of two molecular weights was used to prepare shape memory polymers based on chemical-crosslinking by glutaraldehyde. The chemical-crosslinking was done in the presence of 2-carboxyethyl acrylate oligomers (CEA) and nano-filler [multi-wall carbon nanotubes (MWCNT) and functionalized carbon nanotubes (MWCNT-NH2)] followed by radiation-induced crosslinking. The analysis of the material revealed an increase in the gel fraction and a significant reduction in swelling of the nanocomposite material that was crosslinked with both glutaraldehyde and ionizing radiation. The radiation crosslinked nanocomposites demonstrated approximately a 90% gelation over a range of 50–300 kGy irradiation doses. The scanning electron microscopy (SEM) analysis showed a homogeneous distribution of nanocomposites in the composite matrix. The thermal properties of radiation crosslinked (PVA/CEA) and (PVA-CEA)-nano-fillers were investigated by a thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). The mechanical properties were examined via dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA) which showed significant variation because of the addition of nanocomposites. This radiation crosslinked materials show good shape memory behavior that may be useful in many applications based on the range of temperatures at which Tan δ appears.
Method and apparatus for monitoring optical radiation. [prism or diffraction grating spectrograph] (1977)

A method and apparatus is described for monitoring optical radiation which, in a preferred embodiment, takes the form of a biologically weighted ultraviolet radiant energy monitor which provides a direct indication of the hazards to humans from the ultraviolet radiation source being monitored. The source of radiation is first spectrally dispersed by passage through a suitable prism or diffraction grating. Portions of the spectrally dispersed radiation are mechanically masked in accordance with a predetermined biological weighting. The subsequent weighted output from the mechanical mask is then fed to a suitable detector. A quartz prism or diffraction grating spectrograph is utilized to spectrally disperse the incident radiation spatially and a plate coated with sodium salicylate or other suitable converter is placed in the exit plane of the spectrograph. The sodium salicylate plate fluoresces in the blue in response to incident ultraviolet radiation. The intensity of the biologically weighted blue light may then be conveniently and readily detected by a blue sensitive detector to provide an immediate readout of the potential ultraviolet radiation hazard from the unknown optical source.
QVM (2008)

Coping with software defects that occur in the post-deployment stage is a challenging problem: bugs may occur only when the system uses a specific configuration and only under certain usage scenarios. Nevertheless, halting production systems until the bug is tracked and fixed is often impossible. Thus, developers have to try to reproduce the bug in laboratory conditions. Often the reproduction of the bug consists of the lion share of the debugging effort.
29.3: Performance of Novel LC‐Photo‐Aligning Cinnamoyl Side‐Chain Polymers (2014)

Abstract We present two types of novel side‐chain photo‐polymers with cinnamoyl moieties for photo‐alignment and patterning of the alignment of liquid crystal displays (LCDs). One type is designed for photo‐thermal processing; the other comprises co‐polymer side‐chain functions combining room temperature photo‐processing with excellent image sticking. The planar aligning materials are highly UV sensitive (315nm, 150mJ/cm 2 ). They target in‐plane switched (IPS)‐LCDs with excellent AC‐image sticking, comparable to brushed polyimides. Correlations between photo‐dimerization and image sticking are discussed.
Coulomb Interaction Effect in Cell Projection Lithography (1995)

In cell projection lithography, critical dimension (CD) control is one of the important issues for device fabrication as well as resolution. Because plural patterns are exposed in one shot under the same dose, the proximity effect correction is more difficult than in the conventional variable-shaped beam (VSB) lithography. We have analyzed the CD deviation in order to obtain high CD accuracy of less than 0.02 µ m (range) which is sufficient for manufacturing 1 G dynamic randam access memory (DRAM). We have found that the Coulomb interaction effect plays an important role in CD deviation. We have proposed a new exposure intensity distribution (EID) function which contains a factor introduced for the first time to compensate the proximity effect and the Coulomb interaction effect simultaneously. The results indicate that the new EID function is very effective to compensate the Coulomb interaction effect and improve the CD deviation from 12% (0.03 µ m) to 6% (0.015 µ m) for 0.25 µ m lines-and-spaces (L/S) patterns.
An Efficient Halogen‐Free Electrolyte for Use in Rechargeable Magnesium Batteries (2015)

Unlocking the full potential of rechargeable magnesium batteries has been partially hindered by the reliance on chloride-based complex systems. Despite the high anodic stability of these electrolytes, they are corrosive toward metallic battery components, which reduce their practical electrochemical window. Following on our new design concept involving boron cluster anions, monocarborane CB11H12(-) produced the first halogen-free, simple-type Mg salt that is compatible with Mg metal and displays an oxidative stability surpassing that of ether solvents. Owing to its inertness and non-corrosive nature, the Mg(CB11H12)2/tetraglyme (MMC/G4) electrolyte system permits standardized methods of high-voltage cathode testing that uses a typical coin cell. This achievement is a turning point in the research and development of Mg electrolytes that has deep implications on realizing practical rechargeable Mg batteries.
Content of acetylcholine receptor and antibodies bound to receptor in myasthenia gravis, experimental autoimmune myasthenia gravis, and Eaton‐Lambert syndrome (1978)

The acetylcholine receptor content of intercostal muscle biopsies from patients with myasthenia gravis is reduced, and many of the remaining receptors have antibodies bound to them. Decreased receptor content and inhibition of receptor activity by bound antibodies can account for the reduced amplitude of the miniature endplate potential in these patients. Patients with Eaton-Lambert syndrome, who release reduced numbers of acetylcholine quanta, have normal receptor content and miniature endplate potential amplitude, and do not have antibodies bound to their receptors. As the severity of myasthenia gravis increases, the content of receptor remaining unbound by antibody decreases, as does miniature endplate potential amplitude. Similar decreases in receptor content and similar concentrations of antibody-labeled receptor are found in rats with experimental autoimmune myasthenia gravis. Regardless of the severity of their myasthenia, receptor content in rats does not decrease much below 40 percent of normal, and increasing weakness is associated with the binding of antibodies to an increasing fraction of the remaining receptors. In both myasthenia gravis and its animal model, a decrease in the content of fully active receptor is probably the most important factor impairing neuromuscular transmission. Pathologic mechanisms responsible for decreased receptor content and alteration of postsynaptic membrane morphology are discussed.
Fluorescent Polyacetylene Thin Film Sensor for Nitroaromatics (2001)

The fluorescence from thin films of poly[1-phenyl-2-(4-trimethylsilylphenyl)ethyne] (PTMSDPA) is strongly quenched by the vapors of a variety of nitroaromatic compounds present at levels ranging from parts-per-million to parts-per-billion in air. The quenching is believed to arise because of the formation of charge-transfer complexes between the electron-poor nitroaromatic quenchers and the electron-rich poly(bis-aryl acetylene). The fluorescence quenching response rate increases as the PTMSPDA film thickness decreases (80 nm → 3 nm) and as the vapor pressure of the nitroaromatic quencher increases. These observations imply that the fluorescence quenching response rate is determined by the rate by which the nitroaromatic compound permeates the PTMSDPA film. The high permeability and large free volume of PTMSDPA are believed to enhance the properties of the material in the application as a thin-film fluorescence sensor for nitroaromatic compounds.
Production and Characterization ofa Reconstituted High Density Lipoprotein for Therapeutic Applications (1996)

A method is described for the large scale preparation of reconstituted high density lipoproteins (rHDL) suitable for therapeutic use. Apolipoprotein A-I (apoA-I was isolated from precipitates obtained by cold ethanol fractionation of human plasma. This process includes several steps for virus removal and virus inactivation, among them pasteurization. Reconstitution of lipoprotein particles was performed by cholate dialysis using soybean phosphatidylcholine as the lipid source. An apoA-I:lipid ratio of 1:150 (mol:mol) was obtained. Redissolved rHDLs were disc-shaped particles resembling nascent HDL, as assessed by electron microscopy. The method was optimized for low content of free apoA-I protein as well as the low concentration of free lipid. The product was stabilized by lyophilization in the presence of sucrose. In vitro studies show potential effects it the prevention of gram-negative septic shock and in the inhibition of atherosclerosis.
Polarization effects in optical communication systems (2004)

This tutorial will introduce and illustrate concepts important to the understanding of polarization effects in optical fiber transmission systems. The discussion will include optical birefringence, dynamic eigenstates, polarization mode dispersion (PMD), impairments and outage probabilities due to PMD, as well as coherent cross-talk and four-wave mixing in polarization multiplexed systems.Full-text article is not available.
Functional evaluation of novel soluble insulin-like growth factor (IGF)-II–specific ligand traps based on modified domain 11 of the human IGF2 receptor (2007)

Ligands transported by the mannose 6-phosphate/insulin-like growth factor (IGF)-II receptor (IGF2R) include IGF-II- and mannose 6-phosphate-modified proteins. Increased extracellular supply of IGF-II, either secondary to loss of the clearance function of IGF2R, loss of IGF binding protein function, or increased IGF2 gene expression, can lead to embryonic overgrowth and cancer promotion. Reduced supply of IGF-II is detrimental to tumor growth, and this suggests that gain of function of IGF-II is a molecular target for human cancer therapy. Domain 11 of IGF2R binds IGF-II with high specificity and affinity. Mutagenesis studies have shown that substitution of glutamic acid for lysine at residue 1554 results in a 6-fold higher affinity for IGF-II (20.5 nmol/L) than native domain 11 (119 nmol/L). Here, we generate a novel high-affinity IGF-II ligand trap by fusion of mutated human 11(E1554K) to a COOH-terminal human IgG1 Fc domain (11(E1554K)-Fc). The resulting homodimer has a significantly increased affinity for IGF-II (1.79 nmol/L) when measured by surface plasmon resonance. IGF-II signaling via the IGF-I receptor and the proliferative effect of IGF-II were specifically inhibited by 11(E1554K)-Fc in both HaCaT and Igf2(-/-) mouse embryonic fibroblast cells. These data confirm that a novel engineered and soluble IGF2R-11(E1554K)-Fc protein functions as an IGF-II-specific and high-affinity ligand trap in vitro and that this protein has potential application as an IGF-II antagonist for cancer therapy following in vivo experimental evaluation.
New Low Thermal Conductivity Materials for Thermoelectric (1997)

A low lattice thermal conductivity is one of the requirements to achieve high thermoelectric figures of merit.
Thermal Performance Testing of Order Dependancy of Aerogels Multilayered Insulation (2009)

Robust multilayer insulation systems have long been a goal of many research projects. Such insulation systems must provide some degree of structural support and also mechanical integrity during loss of vacuum scenarios while continuing to provide insulative value to the vessel. Aerogel composite blankets can be the best insulation materials in ambient pressure environments; in high vacuum, the thermal performance of aerogel improves by about one order of magnitude. Standard multilayer insulation (MU) is typically 50% worse at ambient pressure and at soft vacuum, but as much as two or three orders of magnitude better at high vacuum. Different combinations of aerogel and multilayer insulation systems have been tested at Cryogenics Test Laboratory of NASA Kennedy Space Center. Analysis performed at Oak Ridge National Laboratory showed an importance to the relative location of the MU and aerogel blankets. Apparent thermal conductivity testing under cryogenic-vacuum conditions was performed to verify the analytical conclusion. Tests results are shown to be in agreement with the analysis which indicated that the best performance is obtained with aerogel layers located in the middle of the blanket insulation system.
Italian Contributions to the Development of Continuous Glucose Monitoring Sensors for Diabetes Management (2012)

Monitoring glucose concentration in the blood is essential in the therapy of diabetes, a pathology which affects about 350 million people around the World (three million in Italy), causes more than four million deaths per year and consumes a significant portion of the budget of national health systems (10% in Italy). In the last 15 years, several sensors with different degree of invasiveness have been proposed to monitor glycemia in a quasi-continuous way (up to 1 sample/min rate) for relatively long intervals (up to 7 consecutive days). These continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) sensors have opened new scenarios to assess, off-line, the effectiveness of individual patient therapeutic plans from the retrospective analysis of glucose time-series, but have also stimulated the development of innovative on-line applications, such as hypo/hyper-glycemia alert systems and artificial pancreas closed-loop control algorithms. In this review, we illustrate some significant Italian contributions, both from industry and academia, to the growth of the CGM sensors research area. In particular, technological, algorithmic and clinical developments performed in Italy will be discussed and put in relation with the advances obtained in the field in the wider international research community.
Synthesis and characterization of dextran-maleic acid based hydrogel (1999)

A new class of hydrogel precursor, dextran-maleic acid (Dex-MA), was synthesized by the reaction of dextran with maleic anhydride in the presence of the catalyst triethylamine. The effects of temperature, time, catalyst amount, and reactant concentration on the degree of substitution (DS) by MA was studied to establish an optimum reaction condition. The new hydrogel precursor had excellent solubility in various common organic solvents. The hydrogels based on Dex-MA precursor were made by the irradiation of Dex-MA with a long wave UV lamp. The Dex-MA hydrogels showed a very high swelling ratio in water, and the magnitude of swelling depended on the pH of the medium and the DS by MA. The Dex-MA hydrogels exhibited the highest swelling ratio in neutral pH, followed by acidic (pH 3) and alkaline pH (10). The most distinctive characteristic of Dex-MA hydrogels was that a carboxylic acid group was generated by the reaction of dextran with maleic anhydride. As a result, the swelling ratio increased with an increase of the DS of the MA segment (ionizable moiety that affects swelling ratio) in the Dex-MA hydrogel.
Quantization Requirements for FM Gyroscopes An Update on the Nonlinear FM Gyroscope (2020)

Frequency modulated (FM) gyroscopes are capable of either excellent long-term or short-term stability depending on a variety of factors. An often overlooked aspect is the design of the frequency demodulator. Motivated by odd experimental results with the nonlinear FM gyroscope, this work studies the quantization requirements of the frequency demodulator. Results are used to implement an improved detector for FM gyroscopes. Short-term stability can be limited by the frequency detector, however, long-term stability is dependent on several factors. A calibration method that utilizes quadrature error to mitigate long-term drift is proposed, but further improvement may be possible with active frequency split control.
Stromal Cell IL-8 Production Is Increased in MM and May Impact Both Tumor Cells and the Microenvironment. (2005)

Abstract Background: Multiple myeloma (MM) is an incurable hematological malignancy characterized by the expansion of a plasma cell clone that localizes to the bone marrow. Stromal cells residing in the bone marrow respond to signals from MM cells and other cell types by producing cytokines and other proteins that stimulate tumor cell growth, survival, adhesion, migration, and drug resistance. We have examined the proteins produced by stromal cells in response to stimulation by bone marrow from patients diagnosed with monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance (MGUS), smoldering multiple myeloma (SMM), and MM. Furthermore, we have begun analyzing the properties of one of these proteins, the pro-angiogenic chemokine IL-8, in MM. Methods: Bone marrow aspirates from patients with MGUS (n=3), SMM (n=7), and MM (n=6) were cultured for 48 hours, and the culture supernatants were incubated with stromal cells for an additional 48 hours. Protein levels were analyzed using antibody array and ELISA. Microvessel density (MVD) was determined as a measure of angiogenesis in patient bone marrow samples using CD34 staining. Flow cytometry analysis of MM cell lines and patient bone marrow samples was performed using monoclonal antibodies against IL-8 receptors CXCR1 and CXCR2. Results and Conclusion: We observed a significant increase in stromal cell IL-8 production stimulated by bone marrow cells from patients with active myeloma and a subset of SMM patients (16.67 ± 9.82 ng/ml) in comparison to bone marrow of patients with MGUS and all other SMM patients (0.55 ± 0.17 ng/ml; P=0.0004). Use of an IL-1 inhibitor and recombinant IL-1β demonstrated that IL-8 production was dependent upon IL-1β signaling. Increased BM microvessel density correlated with stimulation of stromal cell IL-8 production (P=0.0005). Furthermore, the majority of MM cell lines (7/9) and MM patient plasma cells were found to express IL-8 receptors CXCR1 and CXCR2. In addition to its function as a pro-angiogenic factor, IL-8 may directly influence MM cells through its CXCR1 and CXCR2 receptors. We conclude that stromal cell IL-8 production parallels MM disease activity, is IL-1β induced, correlates with bone marrow angiogenesis, and may influence MM disease via impact upon both the microenvironment and tumor cells.
10‐3: <i>Invited Paper</i> : Organic Vapor Jet Printing, a Solvent‐Less, Mask‐Less Patterning Technology for OLED Displays (2017)

Organic Vapor Jet Printing (OVJP) is a solvent‐less, mask‐less printing technology for depositing patterned small molecule organic materials to manufacture large area side by side R‐G‐B OLED displays. This paper discusses a brief history of OVJP, describes recent technology advances and describes prospects for large area mass production systems.
Cloning and Random Mutagenesis of the<i>Erwinia herbicola tyrR</i>Gene for High-Level Expression of Tyrosine Phenol-Lyase (2000)

Tyrosine phenol-lyase (Tpl), which can synthesize 3, 4-dihydroxyphenylalanine from pyruvate, ammonia, and catechol, is a tyrosine-inducible enzyme. Previous studies demonstrated that the tpl promoter of Erwinia herbicola is activated by the TyrR protein of Escherichia coli. In an attempt to create a high-Tpl-expressing strain, we cloned the tyrR gene of E. herbicola and then randomly mutagenized it. Mutant TyrR proteins with enhanced ability to activate tpl were screened for by use of the lac reporter system in E. coli. The most increased transcription of tpl was observed for the strain with the mutant tyrR allele involving amino acid substitutions of alanine, cysteine, and glycine for valine-67, tyrosine-72, and glutamate-201, respectively. A tyrR-deficient derivative of E. herbicola was constructed and transformed with a plasmid carrying the mutant tyrR allele (V67A Y72C E201G substitutions). The resultant strain expressed Tpl without the addition of tyrosine to the medium and produced as much of it as was produced by the wild-type strain grown under tyrosine-induced conditions. The regulatory properties of the mutant TyrR(V67A), TyrR(Y72C), TyrR(E201G), and TyrR(V67A Y72C E201G) proteins were examined in vivo. Interestingly, as opposed to the wild-type TyrR protein, the mutant TyrR(V67A) protein had a repressive effect on the tyrP promoter in the presence of phenylalanine as the coeffector.
Molecular-based diagnosis of Multiple Sclerosis and its progressive stage (2017)

Abstract Biomarkers aid diagnosis, allow inexpensive screening of therapies and guide selection of rational patient-specific polypharmacy regimens in most internal medicine disciplines. In contrast, there are no clinically-validated measurements of the physiological status, or dysfunction(s) of cellular components of the central nervous system (CNS). Accordingly, patients with chronic neurological diseases are generally treated with a single disease-modifying therapy without understanding patient-specific drivers of disability. Therefore, using multiple sclerosis (MS) as an example of a complex polygenic neurological disease, we sought to determine if cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) biomarkers are intra-individually stable, cell type-, disease- and/or process-specific and responsive to therapeutic intervention. Using DNA-aptamer-based multiplex assay, in-vitro- and statistical models, we developed in a training cohort (n=225) and validated in an independent-cohort (n=85) two biomarker-based classifiers that differentiate: 1. MS from CNS diseases that mimic MS clinically, pathophysiologically and on imaging, and 2. relapsing-remitting from progressive MS with ~90% accuracy. Treatment-induced changes in biomarkers greatly exceeded intra-individual-and technical variabilities of the assay. The observation that CNS biological processes reflected by combinatorial CSF biomarkers are robust, stable and disease- or even disease-stage specific opens opportunities for broad utilization of CSF biomarkers in drug development and precision medicine for CNS disorders.
Finite-length Markov processes with constraints (2011)

Many systems use Markov models to generate finite-length sequences that imitate a given style. These systems often need to enforce specific control constraints on the sequences to generate. Unfortunately, control constraints are not compatible with Markov models, as they induce long-range dependencies that violate the Markov hypothesis of limited memory. Attempts to solve this issue using heuristic search do not give any guarantee on the nature and probability of the sequences generated. We propose a novel and efficient approach to controlled Markov generation for a specific class of control constraints that 1) guarantees that generated sequences satisfy control constraints and 2) follow the statistical distribution of the initial Markov model. Revisiting Markov generation in the framework of constraint satisfaction, we show how constraints can be compiled into a nonhomogeneous Markov model, using arc-consistency techniques and renormalization. We illustrate the approach on a melody generation problem and sketch some realtime applications in which control constraints are given by gesture controllers.