gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Customization of distributed systems using COM (1998)

Distributed computing is moving into the mainstream because of advances in high speed networking and the Internet's explosive growth. Object oriented programming has become the dominating paradigm for developing reusable software. Distributed objects combine these two trends and are becoming increasingly popular. More and more software systems are built as distributed object applications, and they often share the needs of some basic features such as remote invocation, versioning, load balancing, and fault tolerance. The Component Object Model and Distributed COM2 either provide some of these features directly or provide an architecture that facilitates building such features. COM specifies an architecture, a binary standard, and a supporting infrastructure for building, using, and evolving component based applications. It extends the benefits of object oriented programming, such as encapsulation, polymorphism, and software reuse, to a dynamic and cross process setting. DCOM is the distributed extension of COM. It specifies the additional infrastructure needed to further extend the benefits to networked environments. By using COM/DCOM as a platform to build distributed object applications, researchers and developers can concentrate on important issues specific to their applications, without devoting significant effort to building the supporting infrastructure.
Four foliar applications of glycinebetaine did not alleviate adverse effects of salt stress on growth of sunflower (2006)

In response to salt stress, plants have evolved some adaptations such as osmotic adjustment to acclimatize salt stress. Glycinebetaine (GB) is known to have a role in osmotic adjustment. The present investigation was focused to understand the role of fortnightly exogenous foliar application of GB in inducing salt tolerance in sunflower through osmotic adjustment or by modulating plant water relations. Three levels of GB solutions (0, 0.1% Tween 20 solution; 50 and 100 mM GB in 0.1% Tween 20 solution) were foliarly applied to three-week old plants of sunflower grown at 0, 60, and 120 mM NaCl. Salt stress reduced the growth of sunflower plants. However, four foliar applications of 50 mM GB on weekly basis improved the growth of sunflower plants at intermediate level of salt stress, whereas higher level of GB did not improve the growth or even reduced the growth. Although exogenously applied GB reduced the leaf water potential and osmotic potential that resulted in enhanced leaf turgor potential, it did not improve the growth. Salt induced reduction in photosynthetic rate was partially improved by four applications of GB at intermediate level of salt stress. Furthermore, changes in photosynthetic capacity mainly occurred due to stomatal limitations. Finally, it was concluded that four applications of GB partially alleviated adverse effects of salt stress, which was associated with stomatal factors.
Attacking memory-hard scrypt with near-data-processing (2019)

In a traditional DRAM-based main memory architecture, a memory access operation requires much more time and energy than a simple logic operation. This fact is exploited to build time-consuming and power-hungry memory-hard cryptographic functions that serve the purpose of hindering brute-force security attacks.
Photovoltaic Materials in Polymer Solar Cells (2009)

Polymer solar cells (PSCs) are composed of a blend film of conjugated polymer donor and soluble fullerene derivative acceptor sandwiched between an ITO transparent electrode and a metal electrode. PSCs have drawn broad research interests in recent years,due to their advantages of simple device structure,low cost,light weight and possibility to fabricate flexible devices. The donor and acceptor materials in the devices play the crucial role for the photovoltaic performance of the PSCs. In this article,the recent progress of the conjugated polymer donor and fullerene acceptor materials is reviewed. Furthermore,the conjugated polymer acceptor materials and D-A double cable polymer photovoltaic materials are also introduced briefly. In the introduction of conjugated donor materials,the emphasis is put in the polythiophene derivatives and benzothiodiazole-containing narrow bandgap D-A copolymers.
Fano‐Like Acoustic Resonance for Subwavelength Directional Sensing: 0–360 Degree Measurement (2020)

Directional sound sensing plays a critical role in many applications involving the localization of a sound source. However, the sensing range limit and fabrication difficulties of current acoustic sensing technologies pose challenges in realizing compact subwavelength direction sensors. Here, a subwavelength directional sensor is demonstrated, which can detect the angle of an incident wave in a full angle range (0°∼360°). The directional sensing is realized with acoustic coupling of Helmholtz resonators each supporting a monopolar resonance, which are monitored by conventional microphones. When these resonators scatter sound into free-space acoustic modes, the scattered waves from each resonator interfere, resulting in a Fano-like resonance where the spectral responses of the constituent resonators are drastically different from each other. This work provides a critical understanding of resonant coupling as well as a viable solution for directional sensing.
Improvement in Surface Fatigue Life of Hardened Gears by High-Intensity Shot Peening (1992)

Abstract Two groups of carburized, hardened, and ground spur gears that were manufactured from the same heat of vacuum-induction-melted vacuum-are-remelted (VIM-VAR) AISI 9310 steel were endurance tested for surface fatigue. Both groups were manufactured with a standard ground 16-rms surface finish. One group was subjected to a shot-peening intensity of 7 to 9A, and the second group was subjected to a shot-peening intensity of 15 to 17A. All gears were honed after shot peening to a surface finish of 16 rms. The gear pitch diameter was 8.89 cm (3.5 in.). Test conditions were a maximum Hertz stress of 1.71 GPa (248 ksi), a gear temperature of 350 K (170 °F), and a speed of 10 000 rpm. The lubricant used for the tests was a synthetic paraffinic oil with an additive package. The following results were obtained: The 10-percent surface fatigue (pitting) life of the high-intensity (15 to 17A) shot-peened gears was 2.15 times that of the medium-intensity (7 to 9A) shot-peened gears, the same as that calculated from measured residual stress at a depth of 127 μm (5 mil). The measured residual stress for the high-intensity-shot-peened gears was 57 percent higher than that for the medium-intensity-shot-peened gears at a depth of 127 μm (5 mil) and 540 percent higher at a depth of 51 μm (2 mil).
Combining two-view constraints for motion estimation (2005)

In this paper we describe two methods for estimating the motion parameters of an image sequence. For a sequence of N images, the global motion can be described by N-1 independent motion models. On the other hand, in a sequence there exist as many as /sub 2///sup N(N-1)/ pairwise relative motion constraints that can be solve for efficiently. In this paper we show how to linearly solve for consistent global motion models using this highly redundant set of constraints. In the first case, our method involves estimating all available pairwise relative motions and linearly fining a global motion model to these estimates. In the second instance, we exploit the fact that algebraic (i.e. epipolar) constraints between various image pairs are all related to each other by the global motion model. This results in an estimation method that directly computes the motion of the sequence by using all possible algebraic constraints. Unlike using reprojection error, our optimisation method does not solve for the structure of points resulting in a reduction of the dimensionality of the search space. Our algorithms are used for both 3D camera motion estimation and camera calibration. We provide real examples of both applications.
Modeling of membrane inflation in blow molding: Neural network prediction of initial dimensions from final part specifications (1993)

Abstract The use of neural networks in the modeling of the inflation stage of the blow molding process is discussed. The simulation is enacted in the reverse process direction, predicting initial membrane dimension requirements from final part thickness distributions. This situation has practical implications because tooling costs and machine down times can be minimized with the information obtained. The optimal network topology entails simultaneous pre‐ and postprocessing of the data. An adaptive window is employed for modeling of the effects of adjacent segments. The optimal window length is 16 for both the input and output layers in the network topology. Simulations are run for bottles blown using various constant and pulsed die gaps. © 1993 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
bHLH Transcription Factors That Facilitate K <sup>+</sup> Uptake During Stomatal Opening Are Repressed by Abscisic Acid Through Phosphorylation (2013)

Stomata open in response to light and close after exposure to abscisic acid (ABA). They regulate gas exchange between plants and the atmosphere, enabling plants to adapt to changing environmental conditions. ABA binding to receptors initiates a signaling cascade that involves protein phosphorylation. We show that ABA induced the phosphorylation of three basic helix-loop-helix (bHLH) transcription factors, called AKSs (ABA-responsive kinase substrates; AKS1, AKS2, and AKS3), in Arabidopsis guard cells. In their unphosphorylated state, AKSs facilitated stomatal opening through the transcription of genes encoding inwardly rectifying K⁺ channels. aks1aks2-1 double mutant plants showed decreases in light-induced stomatal opening, K⁺ accumulation in response to light, activity of inwardly rectifying K⁺ channels, and transcription of genes encoding major inwardly rectifying K⁺ channels without affecting ABA-mediated stomatal closure. Overexpression of potassium channel in Arabidopsis thaliana 1 (KAT1), which encodes a major inwardly rectifying K⁺ channel in guard cells, rescued the phenotype of aks1aks2-1 plants. AKS1 bound directly to the promoter of KAT1, an interaction that was attenuated after ABA-induced phosphorylation. The ABA agonist pyrabactin induced phosphorylation of AKSs. Our results demonstrate that the AKS family of bHLH transcription factors facilitates stomatal opening through the transcription of genes encoding inwardly rectifying K⁺ channels and that ABA suppresses the activity of these channels by triggering the phosphorylation of AKS family transcription factors.
Reconstitution of huPBL-NSG Mice with Donor-Matched Dendritic Cells Enables Antigen-Specific T-cell Activation (2010)

Humanized mouse models provide a unique opportunity to study human immune cells in vivo, but traditional models have been limited to the evaluation of non-specific T-cell interactions due to the absence of antigen-presenting cells. In this study, immunodeficient NOD/SCID/IL2r-γnull (NSG) mice were engrafted with human peripheral blood lymphocytes alone or in combination with donor-matched monocyte-derived dendritic cells (DC) to determine whether antigen-specific T-cell activation could be reconstituted. Over a period of 3 weeks, transferred peripheral blood lymphocytes reconstituted the spleen and peripheral blood of recipient mice with predominantly human CD45-positive lymphocytes. Animals exhibited a relatively normal CD4/CD8 ratio (average 1.63:1) as well as reconstitution of CD3/CD56 (averaging 17.8%) and CD20 subsets (averaging 4.0%). Animals reconstituted with donor-matched CD11c+ DC also demonstrated a CD11c+ population within their spleen, representing 0.27% to 0.43% of the recovered human cells with concurrent expression of HLA-DR, CD40, and CD86. When immunized with adenovirus, either as free replication-incompetent vector (AdV) or as vector-transduced DC (DC/AdV), there was activation and expansion of AdV-specific T-cells, an increase in Th1 cytokines in serum, and skewing of T-cells toward an effector/memory phenotype. T-cells recovered from animals challenged with AdV in vivo proliferated and secreted a Th1-profile of cytokines in response to DC/AdV challenge in vitro. Our results suggest that engrafting NSG mice with a combination of lymphocytes and donor-matched DC can reconstitute antigen responsiveness and allow the in vivo assessment of human immune response to viruses, vaccines, and other immune challenges.
The Chromatin Structure of CRISPR-Cas9 Target DNA Controls the Balance between Mutagenic and Homology-Directed Gene-Editing Events (2019)

Gene editing based on homology-directed repair (HDR) depends on donor DNA templates and programmable nucleases, e.g., RNA-guided CRISPR-Cas9 nucleases. However, next to inducing HDR involving the mending of chromosomal double-stranded breaks (DSBs) with donor DNA substrates, programmable nucleases also yield gene disruptions, triggered by competing non-homologous end joining (NHEJ) pathways. It is, therefore, imperative to identify parameters underlying the relationship between these two outcomes in the context of HDR-based gene editing. Here we implemented quantitative cellular systems, based on epigenetically regulated isogenic target sequences and donor DNA of viral, non-viral, and synthetic origins, to investigate gene-editing outcomes resulting from the interaction between different chromatin conformations and donor DNA structures. We report that, despite a significantly higher prevalence of NHEJ-derived events at euchromatin over Krüppel-associated box (KRAB)-impinged heterochromatin, HDR frequencies are instead generally less impacted by these alternative chromatin conformations. Hence, HDR increases in relation to NHEJ when open euchromatic target sequences acquire a closed heterochromatic state, with donor DNA structures determining, to some extent, the degree of this relative increase in HDR events at heterochromatin. Finally, restricting nuclease activity to HDR-permissive G2 and S phases of the cell cycle through a Cas9-Geminin construct yields lower, hence more favorable, NHEJ to HDR ratios, independently of the chromatin structure.
On performance of OpenDaylight clustering (2016)

Software-defined networking (SDN) is moving from its initial deployment in small-scale data center networks to large-scale carrier-grade networks. In such environments, high availability and scalability are two of the most prominent issues and thus extensive work is ongoing. In this paper, a well-known open source project, OpenDaylight (ODL) is analyzed in terms of network state database partition/synchronization and controller failover/load balancing mechanisms. We also present experimental results on the flow rule installation throughput and the failover time upon a controller failure in ODL.
MCG measurement in the environment of active magnetic shield. (2004)

MCG (Magnetocardiography) measurement by a SQUID gradiometer was attempted with only active magnetic shielding (active shielding). A three-axis-canceling-coil active shielding system, where three 16-10-16 turns-coil sets were put in the orthogonal directions, produces a homogeneous magnetic field in a considerable volume surrounding the center. Fluxgate sensors were used as the reference sensors of the system. The system can reduce environmental magnetic noise at low frequencies of less than a few Hz, at 50 Hz and at 150 Hz. Reducing such disturbances stabilizes biomagnetic measurement conditions for SQUIDs in the absence of magnetically shielded rooms (MSR). After filtering and averaging the measured MCG data by a first-order SQUID gradiometer with only the active shielding during the daytime, the QRS complex and T wave was clearly presented.
A Time-Frequency CORRelation-Based Blind Source Separation Method for Time-Delayed Mixtures (2006)

We propose a time-frequency (TF) blind source separation (BSS) method suited to attenuated and delayed (AD) mixtures, inspired from a method that we previously developed for linear instantaneous mixtures. This approach only requires each of the uncorrelated sources to occur alone in a tiny TF zone, i.e. it sets very limited constraints on the source sparsity and overlap, unlike various previously reported TF-BSS methods. Our approach is based on time-frequency correlation (hence its name AD-TIFCORR). It consists in identifying the columns of the (filtered permuted) mixing matrix in TF zones where it detects that a single source occurs. We thus identify columns of scale coefficients and time shifts. This method is especially suited to non-stationary sources
Asymmetric Strecker-Type Reaction of α-Aryl Ketones. Synthesis of (<i>S</i>)-αM4CPG, (<i>S</i>)-MPPG, (<i>S</i>)-AIDA, and (<i>S</i>)-APICA, the Antagonists of Metabotropic Glutamate Receptors (1998)

Heating a mixture of alpha-aryl ketone with (R)-phenylglycinol produces a mixture of imine and 1,3-dioxazolidine. Treatment of this mixture with trimethylsilyl cyanide followed by transformation of nitrile to ester gives Strecker-type reaction products. The diastereoselectivity of the generated alpha-amino esters is from 2/1 to 7/1, and the (R,S)isomer is found as the major product. The (R,S) and (R,R)isomers can be separated by conversion to their N-Cbz or cyclization derivatives. Using this methodology, four antagonists of metabotropic glutamate receptors, (S)-alphaM4CPG, (S)-MPPG, (S)-AIDA, and (S)-APICA, are synthesized.
Movement protein-derived resistance to triple gene block-containing plant viruses. (1997)

Two mutant potato virus X (PVX) movement protein (MP) genes (m12K-Sal and m12K-Kpn) were obtained by inserting specific linkers at the boundary between the N-terminal hydrophobic and putative transmembrane segment, and the central invariant hydrophilic region of the respective 12 kDa, 12K, triple gene block (TGB) protein. Several transgenic potato lines which expressed m12K-Sal or m12K- Kpn to different degrees were resistant to infection by PVX, potato aucuba mosaic potexvirus and the carlaviruses potato virus M and S over a wide range of inoculum concentrations (3-300 μg/ml). However,theywere not resistantto potato virus Y, which lacks a TGB protein. We suggest that the resistance of m12K-Sal and m12K-Kpn transgenic potato lines is MP-derived and not RNA-mediated.
Concurrency control in a system for distributed databases (SDD-1) (1980)

This paper presents the concurrency control strategy of SDD-1. SDD-1, a System for Distributed Databases, is a prototype distributed database system being developed by Computer Corporation of America. In SDD-1, portions of data distributed throughout a network may be replicated at multiple sites. The SDD-1 concurrency control guarantees database consistency in the face of such distribution and replication. This paper is one of a series of companion papers on SDD-1 [4, 10, 12, 21].
Global distribution of nearly identical phage-encoded DNA sequences (2004)

Phages, the most abundant biological entities on the planet, play important roles in biogeochemical cycling, horizontal gene transfer, and defining microbial community composition. However, very little is known about phage diversity or biogeography, and there has not yet been a systematic effort to compare the phages found in different ecosystems. Here, we report that T7-like Podophage DNA polymerase sequences occur in every major biome investigated, including marine, freshwater, sediment, terrestrial, extreme, and metazoan-associated. The majority of these sequences belong to a unique clade that is only distantly related to cultured isolates. Some identical T7-like phage-encoded DNA polymerase genes from this clade were >99% conserved at the nucleotide level in multiple different environments, suggesting that these phages are moving between biomes in recent evolutionary time and that the global genomic pool for T7-like phages may be smaller than previously hypothesized.
EP4 as a Therapeutic Target for Aggressive Human Breast Cancer (2018)

G-protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs, also called seven-transmembrane or heptahelical receptors) are a superfamily of cell surface receptor proteins that bind to many extracellular ligands and transmit signals to an intracellular guanine nucleotide-binding protein (G-protein). When a ligand binds, the receptor activates the attached G-protein by causing the exchange of Guanosine-5'-triphosphate (GTP) for guanosine diphosphate (GDP). They play a major role in many physiological functions, as well as in the pathology of many diseases, including cancer progression and metastasis. Only a few GPCR members have been exploited as targets for developing drugs with therapeutic benefit in cancer. Present review briefly summarizes the signaling pathways utilized by the EP (prostaglandin E receptor) family of GPCR, their physiological and pathological roles in carcinogenesis, with special emphasis on the roles of EP4 in breast cancer progression. We make a case for EP4 as a promising newer therapeutic target for treating breast cancer. We show that an aberrant over-expression of cyclooxygenase (COX)-2, which is an inflammation-associated enzyme, occurring in 40-50% of breast cancer patients leads to tumor progression and metastasis due to multiple cellular events resulting from an increased prostaglandin (PG) E2 production in the tumor milieu. They include inactivation of host anti-tumor immune cells, such as Natural Killer (NK) and T cells, increased immuno-suppressor function of tumor-associated macrophages, promotion of tumor cell migration, invasiveness and tumor-associated angiogenesis, due to upregulation of multiple angiogenic factors including Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor (VEGF)-A, increased lymphangiogenesis (due to upregulation of VEGF-C/D), and a stimulation of stem-like cell (SLC) phenotype in cancer cells. All of these events were primarily mediated by activation of the Prostaglandin (PG) E receptor EP4 on tumor or host cells. We show that selective EP4 antagonists (EP4A) could mitigate all of these events tested with cells in vitro as well as in vivo in syngeneic COX-2 expressing mammary cancer bearing mice or immune-deficient mice bearing COX-2 over-expressing human breast cancer xenografts. We suggest that EP4A can avoid thrombo-embolic side effects of long term use of COX-2 inhibitors by sparing cardio-protective roles of PGI2 via IP receptor activation or PGE2 via EP3 receptor activation. Furthermore, we identified two COX-2/EP4 induced oncogenic and SLC-stimulating microRNAs-miR526b and miR655, one of which (miR655) appears to be a potential blood biomarker in breast cancer patients for monitoring SLC-ablative therapies, such as with EP4A. We suggest that EP4A will likely produce the highest benefit in aggressive breast cancers, such as COX-2 expressing triple-negative breast cancers, when combined with other newer agents, such as inhibitors of programmed cell death (PD)-1 or PD-L1.
Durch Co<sub>2</sub>(CO)<sub>8</sub> katalysierte Reaktion von Olefinen mit Silan und Kohlenmonoxid (1977)

Enol‐silyl‐ether vom Typ (3) bilden sich aus Olefinen, CO und Silanen wie (1) in Gegenwart von Co 2 (CO) 8 . Die in Analogie zur Hydroformylierung erwarteten Produkte (2) entstehen nicht. magnified image