gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Method and apparatus for continuously referenced analysis of reactive components in solution (1979)

A continuously referenced apparatus for measuring the concentration of a reactive chemical species in solution comprises in combination conduit means for introducing a sample solution, means for introducing one or more reactants into a sample solution, and a stream separator disposed within the conduit means for separating the sample solution into a first sample stream and a second sample stream. A reactor is disposed in fluid communication with the first sample stream. A reaction takes place between the reactants introduced and the reactive chemical species of interest, causing the consumption or production of an indicator species in the first sample stream. Measurement means such as a photometric system are disposed in communication with the first and second sample streams, and the outputs of the measurement means are compared to provide a blanked measurement of the concentration of indicator species. The apparatus is particularly suitable for measurement of isoenzymes in body tissues or fluids.
A Binary Stacker via Barrel Shifters (2020)

Stacking, or grouping all set bits in a binary sequence together, is used recently to design a fast parallel (6,3) counter, and a novel approximate (4,2) compressor. These circuits use blocks of a stacking circuit, that can stack only three bits long binary sequences. This paper presents a new procedure to stack set bits in an N bits long binary sequence, for any N, in O(log[N]) stages. Design of fast parallel binary counters using the proposed stacking method, is also discussed.
Boolean logic optimization in majority-inverter graphs (2015)

We present a Boolean logic optimization framework based on Majority-Inverter Graph (MIG). An MIG is a directed acyclic graph consisting of three-input majority nodes and regular/complemented edges. Current MIG optimization is supported by a consistent algebraic framework. However, when algebraic methods cannot improve a result quality, stronger Boolean methods are needed to attain further optimization. For this purpose, we propose MIG Boolean methods exploiting the error masking property of majority operators. Our MIG Boolean methods insert logic errors that strongly simplify an MIG while being successively masked by the voting nature of majority nodes. Thanks to the datastructure/methodology fitness, our MIG Boolean methods run in principle as fast as algebraic counterparts. Experiments show that our Boolean methodology combined with state-of-art MIG algebraic techniques enable superior optimization quality. For example, when targeting depth reduction, our MIG optimizer transforms a ripple carry adder into a carry look-ahead one. Considering the set of IWLS'05 (arithmetic intensive) benchmarks, our MIG optimizer reduces by 17.98% (26.69%) the logic network depth while also enhancing size and power activity metrics, with respect to ABC academic optimizer. Without MIG Boolean methods, i.e., using MIG algebraic optimization alone, the previous gains are halved. Employed as front-end to a delay-critical 22-nm ASIC flow (logic synthesis + physical design) our MIG optimizer reduces the average delay/area/power by (15.07%, 4.93%, 1.93%), over 27 academic and industrial benchmarks, as compared to a leading commercial ASIC flow.
Using Structured Representation and Data: A Hybrid Model for Negation and Sentiment in Customer Service Conversations (2019)

Twitter customer service interactions have recently emerged as an effective platform to respond and engage with customers. In this work, we explore the role of negation in customer service interactions, particularly applied to sentiment analysis. We define rules to identify true negation cues and scope more suited to conversational data than existing general review data. Using semantic knowledge and syntactic structure from constituency parse trees, we propose an algorithm for scope detection that performs comparable to state of the art BiLSTM. We further investigate the results of negation scope detection for the sentiment prediction task on customer service conversation data using both a traditional SVM and a Neural Network. We propose an antonym dictionary based method for negation applied to a CNN-LSTM combination model for sentiment analysis. Experimental results show that the antonym-based method outperforms the previous lexicon-based and neural network methods.
Epitope-specific protective immunogenicity of chemically synthesized 13-, 18-, and 23-residue peptide fragments of streptococcal M protein. (1984)

The ability of chemically synthesized subpeptides of type 24 streptococcal M protein to evoke protective antibodies in rabbits was investigated. We synthesized copies of the COOH-terminal 13, 18, and 23 amino acid residues of cyanogen bromide fragment 7 (CB7) of pepsin-extracted type 24 M protein, except that methionine was substituted for homoserine as the COOH-terminal residue. An additional residue of cysteine was added at the COOH terminus of the 13-residue peptide. Each of the peptides, designated S-CB7-(23-35)-Cys, S-CB7-(18-35), and S-CB7-(13-35), when conjugated to lysylated tetanus toxoid with glutaraldehyde, was capable of stimulating formation of protective anti-type 24 M protein antibodies in rabbits. The smallest peptide, S-CB7-(23-35)-Cys, elicited immune responses equally as strong, if not stronger, than those to the longer peptides. A single Lys/Gly substitution in this 13-residue peptide resulted in its failure to stimulate protective antibodies. None of the antisera reacted with heterologous serotypes of M protein and none reacted with frozen sections of human heart tissue. These results indicate that a chemically synthesized peptide fragment corresponding to as few as 13 amino acid residues of streptococcal M protein is capable of evoking protective anti-streptococcal antibodies without evoking antibodies crossreactive with cardiac tissue.
Deterministic Scheduling for Multithreaded Replicas (2006)

Replication of objects, processes and components is essential for building reliable distributed systems. However, maintaining replica consistency in the presence of nondeterminism is a challenge. There are many sources of nondeterminism in the applications being replicated. In this paper, we focus on the nondeterminism resulting from multithreading in the applications, and present a deterministic scheduling algorithm for ensuring consistent execution of replicated multithreaded applications.
MicroRNA profiling of adrenocortical tumors reveals miR‐483 as a marker of malignancy (2010)

The authors identified 4 miRNAs that are dysregulated in adrenocortical carcinoma. The high expression of one of these, miR-483-5p, appears to be a defining characteristic of adrenocortical malignancies, and can thus be used to accurately distinguish between benign and malignant adrenocortical tumors.
Feasibility of a Synthetic Aperture Radar with Rotating Antennas (ROSAR) (1989)

ROSAR (Rotor-SAR) is a synthetic aperture radar concept based on rotating antennas of a helicopter for pilot sight target detection and target localisation with high resolution. The ROSAR concept has potential benefits for civil and military helicopterborne imaging application, if the antennas are mounted at the tips of the rotor blades, for example (Fig. l). The concept has two main potential benefits, that are, the imaging field of view is 360° and there is no need for a forward velocity of the carrier platform. As opposed to SAR systems based on linear movement of the antenna, ROSAR imaging is based on synthetic apertures of a circular shape. Thus, the image formation process requires a polar format processing architecture. The ROSAR principle is also applicable for other radar mapping systems with rotating antennas, not only for helicopters.
A Large-Scale Deep Architecture for Personalized Grocery Basket\n Recommendations (2019)

With growing consumer adoption of online grocery shopping through platforms\nsuch as Amazon Fresh, Instacart, and Walmart Grocery, there is a pressing\nbusiness need to provide relevant recommendations throughout the customer\njourney. In this paper, we introduce a production within-basket grocery\nrecommendation system, RTT2Vec, which generates real-time personalized product\nrecommendations to supplement the user's current grocery basket. We conduct\nextensive offline evaluation of our system and demonstrate a 9.4% uplift in\nprediction metrics over baseline state-of-the-art within-basket recommendation\nmodels. We also propose an approximate inference technique 11.6x times faster\nthan exact inference approaches. In production, our system has resulted in an\nincrease in average basket size, improved product discovery, and enabled faster\nuser check-out\n
Production of alcohols via hydroformylation (2014)

The numerous approaches for the catalytic synthesis of alkyl alcohols using an intermediate hydroformylation step are reviewed.
The analysis and interpretation of DNA distributions measured by flow cytometry (1982)

Abstract A principal use of flow cytometers is for the measurement of fluorescence distributions of cells stained with DNA specific dyes. A large amount of effort has been and is being expended currently in the analysis of these distributions for the fractions of cells in the G 1 , S, and G 2 + M phases. Several methods of analysis have been proposed and are being used; new methods continue to be introduced. Many, if not most, of these methods differ only in the mathematical function used to represent the phases of the cell cycle and represent attempts to fit exactly distributions with known phase fractions or unusual shapes. In this paper we show that these refinements probably are not necessary because of cell staining and sampling variability. This hypothesis was tested by measuring fluorescence distributions for Chinese hamster ovary and KHT mouse sarcoma cells stained with Hoechst‐33258, chromomycin A3, propidium iodide, and acriflavine. Our results show that: (a) single measurements can result in phase fraction estimates that are in error by as much as 40% for G 2 + M phase and 15–20% for G 1 and S phases; (b) different dyes can yield phase fraction estimates that differ by as much as 40% due to differences in DNA specificity; (c) the shapes of fluorescence distributions and their interpretation are very dependent on the dye being used and on its binding mechanism.
Blue-Green InGaN/GaN Laser Diodes on Miscut<i>m</i>-Plane GaN Substrate (2009)

Nonpolar blue-green (481 nm) InGaN/GaN laser diodes (LDs) were realized by using m-plane GaN substrates with a misorientation angle of approximately 1° toward [0001] direction. The laser diode structures grown on miscut m-plane GaN substrates showed significantly smoother surface morphology compared to structures grown on nominally on-axis m-plane GaN substrates. It is contributed to lower threshold current densities, longer lasing wavelength, and higher lasing yield than those on on-axis substrates grown by the same growth condition. Material improvement based on the control of substrate misorientation is essential to achieve high performance LDs beyond the blue spectral range.
Perceptually-based compensation of light pollution in display systems (2011)

This paper addresses the problem of unintended light contributions due to physical properties of display systems. An example of such unintended contribution is crosstalk in stereoscopic 3D display systems, often referred to as ghosting. Ghosting results in a reduction of visual quality, and may lead to an uncomfortable viewing experience. The latter is due to conflicting (depth) edge cues, which can hinder the human visual system (HVS) proper fusion of stereo images (stereopsis). We propose an automatic, perceptually-based computational compensation framework, which formulates pollution elimination as a minimization problem. Our method aims to distribute the error introduced by the pollution in a perceptually optimal manner. As a consequence ghost edges are smoothed locally, resulting in a more comfortable stereo viewing experience. We show how to make the computation tractable by exploiting the structure of the resulting problem, and also propose a perceptually-based pollution prediction. We show that our general framework is applicable to other light pollution problems, such as descattering.
Identification of recurrent fusion genes across multiple cancer types (2019)

Chromosome changes are one of the hallmarks of human malignancies. Chromosomal rearrangement is frequent in human cancers. One of the consequences of chromosomal rearrangement is gene fusions in the cancer genome. We have previously identified a panel of fusion genes in aggressive prostate cancers. In this study, we showed that 6 of these fusion genes are present in 7 different types of human malignancies with variable frequencies. Among them, the CCNH‐C5orf30 and TRMT11‐GRIK2 gene fusions were found in breast cancer, colon cancer, non‐small cell lung cancer, esophageal adenocarcinoma, glioblastoma multiforme, ovarian cancer and liver cancer, with frequencies ranging from 12.9% to 85%. In contrast, four other gene fusions (mTOR‐TP53BP1, TMEM135‐CCDC67, KDM4‐AC011523.2 and LRRC59‐FLJ60017) are less frequent. Both TRMT11‐GRIK2 and CCNH‐C5orf30 are also frequently present in lymph node metastatic cancer samples from the breast, colon and ovary. Thus, detecting these fusion transcripts may have significant biological and clinical implications in cancer patient management. Support or Funding Information NCI, DOD and UPCI This abstract is from the Experimental Biology 2019 Meeting. There is no full text article associated with this abstract published in The FASEB Journal .
Phase I clinical trial of CD19 CAR-T cells expressing CXCR5 protein for the treatment of relapsed or refractory B-cell lymphoma (2023)

Abstract Background The difficulty of CD19 CAR-T cells entering solid tumors is one of the reasons for its poor efficacy in the treatment of lymphoma.The chemokine CXCL13 secreted by stromal cells of the lymph nodes, induces the homing of B and T lymphocytes who express its receptor CXCR5. Pre-clinical trials have shown that CD19 CAR-T cells expressing CXCR5 could increase its migration to the tumor microenvironment and enhance the anti-tumor function of CD19 CAR-T cells. Methods We generated a novel anti-CD19 CAR-expressing CXCR5 protein. Then, we conducted a phase I clinical trial to evaluate safety and efficacy of CXCR5 CD19 CAR-T cells in the treatment of relapsed or refractory (R/R) B-cell lymphoma. Results We recruited 10 patients with R/R B-cell lymphoma undergoing CXCR5 CD19 CAR-T cells therapy. The objective response rate was 80%, complete response rate was 50%. The progression-free survival of these ten patients was 5 months (95% CI 1.02-8.98 months), while the median overall survival was 17.76 months (95% CI 13.54-21.98 months). The incidence of grade 1 and grade 2 cytokine release syndrome (CRS) was 70% and 20%, respectively. No patient experienced grade 3 or higher level of CRS, neurotoxicity and infusion-related dose toxicity. Conclusions In this study, we suggest that the results obtained here can pave the way for CXCR5 CD19 CAR-T cells to be investigated in a trial with broader patient populations. Trial registration The trials were registered at www.chictr.org.cn as ChiCTR2100052677 and ChiCTR1900028692.
Abstract 1929: Antifolates as folate receptor targeting ligands: Design and synthesis of their conjugates with cytotoxic agents (2012)

Abstract Antifolates are interfering specifically with DNA synthesis in the S-phase of the cell cycle. Thus, they are cytotoxic to rapidly dividing cancer cells, which replicate their DNA more frequently. Some antifolates bind with high affinity to the cell-membrane-associated folate receptor (FR). FR is frequently over-expressed in some of the most prevalent tumors. FR-binding antifolates can also be used as ligands for FR-targeted delivery of therapeutic agents. With this presentation we are reporting an improved synthesis of the FR-binding antifolate CB3717. Furthermore, to demonstrate its dual utility as FR-ligand and therapeutic agent, we designed and synthesized a conjugate of CB3717 with the highly cytotoxic agent Desacetylvinblastine Monohydrazide. A hydrophilic spacer unit and two biologically releasable disulfide-based linker systems were used to construct the conjugate. This conjugate exhibited high binding affinity for FR and excellent anti-tumor activity in vivo (subcutaneous FR+ KB tumors). Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 103rd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2012 Mar 31-Apr 4; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2012;72(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 1929. doi:1538-7445.AM2012-1929
Clean and efficient extraction of copper ions and deposition as metal (2015)

A simple, clean and efficient one-pot process is offered as an alternative to the conventional complex processing presently used to extract copper ions from copper containing materials, like copper concentrate or slag, and to form copper metal. The alternative process uses a eutectic molten salt of potassium chloride, sodium chloride and zinc chloride as the reaction fluid which is recyclable, low in cost, environmentally benign, low melting (melting point 204°), high boiling (vapor pressure is only a few psi at 800°) and chemically, thermally and physically stable. The metal completely dissolves out of copper concentrate or slag in the aerobic eutectic molten chloride salt in a graphite or glassy carbon pot, which serves as a cathode, with a graphite anode, to reduce the metal ions to metal which sinks to the bottom of the graphite pot. The total efficiency for extraction and deposition is virtually 100% as determined by elemental and gravimetric analyses.
Achieving Fine-Grained Access Control with Discretionary User Revocation over Cloud Data (2018)

Cloud storage solutions have gained momentum in recent years. However, cloud servers can not be fully trusted. Data access control have becomes one of the main impediments for further adoption. One appealing approach is to incorporate the access control into encrypted data, thus removing the need to trust the cloud servers. Among existing cryptographic solutions, Ciphertext Policy Attribute-Based Encryption (CP-ABE) is well suited for fine-grained data access control in cloud storage. As promising as it is, user revocation is a cumbersome problem that impedes its wide application. To address this issue, we design an access control system called DUR-CP-ABE, which implements identity-based User Revocation in a data owner Discretionary way. In short, the proposed solution provides the following salient features. First, user revocation enforcement is based on the discretion of the data owner, thus providing more flexibility. Second, no private key updates are needed when user revocation occurs. Third, the proposed scheme allows for group revocation of affiliated users in a batch operation. To the best of our knowledge, DUR-CP-ABE is the first CP-ABE solution to provide affiliation- based batch revocation functionality, which fits naturally into organizations' Identity and Access Management (IAM) structure. The analysis shows that the proposed access control system is provably secure and efficient in terms of computation, communi- cation and storage.
Reactive Power Generation and Control by Thyristor Circuits (1979)

Generally, static var generators function as variable reactances (capacitive or inductive impedances) or controllable ac current and voltage sources. Possible methods of var generation and control by static thyristor circuits are reviewed, and new approaches are described in which power frequency changers (cycloconverters) are employed. Oscillographic recordings illustrate the operation and performance of practical systems, including a 35-Mvar arc furnace compensator.
TM-optical switch based on modification of photonic band gaps in photonic crystals (2014)

A study of TM-optical switch based on a square-lattice photonic crystal with a unit cell of rotated square cylinders and four horizontal thin plates through shifting the photonic band gap by modifying the thin plates to be tubes filled with air is presented. The TM-optical switch has been numerically demonstrated by plane-wave expansion and finite-difference time-domain methods. For the TM-optical switch, the extinction coefficient reaches to -19.3dB.
High crystalline quality single crystal chemical vapour deposition diamond (2009)

Homoepitaxial chemical vapour deposition (CVD) on high pressure, high temperature (HPHT) synthetic diamond substrates allows the production of diamond material with controlled point defect content. In order to minimize the extended defect content, however, it is necessary to minimize the number of substrate extended defects that reach the initial growth surface and the nucleation of dislocations at the interface between the CVD layer and its substrate. X-ray topography has indicated that when type IIa HPHT synthetic substrates are used, the density of dislocations nucleating at the interface can be less than 400 cm(-2). X-ray topography, photoluminescence imaging and birefringence microscopy of HPHT grown synthetic type IIa diamond clearly show that the extended defect content is growth sector dependent. ⟨111⟩ sectors contain the highest concentration of both stacking faults and dislocations but ⟨100⟩ sectors are relatively free of both. It has been shown that HPHT treatment of such material can significantly reduce the area of stacking faults and cause dislocations to move. This knowledge, coupled with an understanding of how growth sectors develop during HPHT synthesis, has been used to guide selection and processing of substrates suitable for CVD synthesis of material with high crystalline perfection and controlled point defect content.