gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Fatty acylation of heparan sulfate proteoglycan from human colon carcinoma cells. (1990)

A number of transmembrane proteins have been recently reported to be modified by the covalent addition of saturated fatty acids which may contribute to membrane targeting and specific protein-lipid interactions. Such modifications have not been reported in cell-associated heparan sulfate proteoglycans, although these macromolecules are known to be hydrophobic. Here, we report that a cell surface heparan sulfate proteoglycan is acylated with both myristate and palmitate, two long-chain saturated fatty acids. When colon carcinoma cells were labeled with [3H]myristic acid, a significant proportion of the label was shown to be specifically incorporated into the protein core of the proteoglycan. Characterization of fatty acyl moiety in the purified proteoglycan by reverse-phase high pressure liquid chromatography revealed that approximately 60% of the covalently bound fatty acids was myristate. We further show that this relatively rare 14-carbon fatty acid was bound to the protein core via a hydroxylamine- and alkali-resistant amide bond. The remaining 40% was the more common 16-carbon palmitate, which was bound via a hydroxylamine- and alkali-sensitive thioester bond. Palmitate appeared to be added post-translationally and derived in part from intracellular elongation of myristate, a process that occurred within the first two hours and was insensitive to inhibition of protein synthesis. Acylation of heparan sulfate proteoglycan represents a novel modification of this gene product and could play a role in a number of biological functions including specific interactions with membrane receptors and ligand stabilization.
Manipulation of Emission Colors Based on Intrinsic and Extrinsic Magneto-Electroluminescence from Exciplex Organic Light-Emitting Diodes (2017)

Exciplex organic light-emitting diodes (XOLEDs) utilize nonemissive triplet excitons via a reverse intersystem crossing process of thermally activated delayed fluorescence. The small energy difference between the lowest singlet and triplet levels of exciplex also allows a magnetic field to manipulate their populations, thereby achieving ultralarge “intrinsic” magneto-electroluminescence (MEL) in XOLEDs. Here we incorporate it into a hybrid type of spintronic device (“hybrid spin-XOLED”), where the XOLED is connected to a magnetic tunnel junction with large magnetoresistance, to introduce an “extrinsic” MEL response that interferes with the “intrinsic” MEL. The ratio between two MEL contributions, the MEL value, and the field response were altered by changing the exciplex layer thickness or actively manipulated by adding another current source that drives the XOLED. Most importantly, by involving two XOLEDs (green and red) in the same circuit, the hybrid spin-XOLED shows a color change when sweeping the magnetic field, which provides an alternative way for future OLED display technologies.
LITERATURE AS A PEDAGOGICAL STRATEGY FOR TEACHING THE SPANISH LANGUAGE IN PUBLIC SCHOOLS (2023)

The teaching of the Spanish language in public schools over the years has been presenting divergences, as the literature shows itself as a pedagogical proposal for the teaching of Spanish classes, aiming to promote the student to learn a new language, as well as how the application in the classroom allows the student to create ideas and values that, based on the language and the contact with the teacher, can promote the breadth of different literary genres and cultural plurality.
Ensemble Learning for Effective Run-Time Hardware-Based Malware Detection: A Comprehensive Analysis and Classification (2018)

Malware detection at the hardware level has emerged recently as a promising solution to improve the security of computing systems. Hardware-based malware detectors take advantage of Machine Learning (ML) classifiers to detect pattern of malicious applications at run-time. These ML classifiers are trained using low-level features such as processor Hardware Performance Counters (HPCs) data which are captured at run-time to appropriately represent the application behaviour. Recent studies show the potential of standard ML-based classifiers for detecting malware using analysis of large number of microarchitectural events, more than the very limited number of HPC registers available in today's microprocessors which varies from 2 to 8. This results in executing the application more than once to collect the required data, which in turn makes the solution less practical for effective run-time malware detection. Our results show a clear trade-off between the performance of standard ML classifiers and the number and diversity of HPCs available in modern microprocessors. This paper proposes a machine learning-based solution to break this trade-off to realize effective run-time detection of malware. We propose ensemble learning techniques to improve the performance of the hardware-based malware detectors despite using a very small number of microarchitectural events that are captured at run-time by existing HPCs, eliminating the need to run an application several times. For this purpose, eight robust machine learning models and two well-known ensemble learning classifiers applied on all studied ML models (sixteen in total) are implemented for malware detection and precisely compared and characterized in terms of detection accuracy, robustness, performance (accuracy × robustness), and hardware overheads. The experimental results show that the proposed ensemble learning-based malware detection with just 2 HPCs using ensemble technique outperforms standard classifiers with 8 HPCs by up to 17%. In addition, it can match the robustness and performance of standard ML-based detectors with 16 HPCs while using only 4 HPCs allowing effective run-time detection of malware.
Air Cover (2014)

Meena liked what she heard as she interviewed a new VP of Sales candidate over breakfast in the Mandarin Oriental in New York. The Asiate restaurant had a spectacular thirty-fifth-floor view of Central Park.
Role of CTLA4 in the Proliferation and Survival of Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia (2013)

Earlier, we reported that CTLA4 expression is inversely correlated with CD38 expression in chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) cells. However, the specific role of CTLA4 in CLL pathogenesis remains unknown. Therefore, to elucidate the possible role of CTLA4 in CLL pathogenesis, CTLA4 was down-regulated in primary CLL cells. We then evaluated proliferation/survival in these cells using MTT, (3)H-thymidine uptake and Annexin-V apoptosis assays. We also measured expression levels of downstream molecules involved in B-cell proliferation/survival signaling including STAT1, NFATC2, c-Fos, c-Myc, and Bcl-2 using microarray, PCR, western blotting analyses, and a stromal cell culture system. CLL cells with CTLA4 down-regulation demonstrated a significant increase in proliferation and survival along with an increased expression of STAT1, STAT1 phosphorylation, NFATC2, c-Fos phosphorylation, c-Myc, Ki-67 and Bcl-2 molecules. In addition, compared to controls, the CTLA4-downregulated CLL cells showed a decreased frequency of apoptosis, which also correlated with increased expression of Bcl-2. Interestingly, CLL cells from lymph node and CLL cells co-cultured on stroma expressed lower levels of CTLA4 and higher levels of c-Fos, c-Myc, and Bcl-2 compared to CLL control cells. These results indicate that microenvironment-controlled-CTLA4 expression mediates proliferation/survival of CLL cells by regulating the expression/activation of STAT1, NFATC2, c-Fos, c-Myc, and/or Bcl-2.
Design for Testability Using Architectural Descriptions (2005)

This paper presents techniques to utilize high-level structural, functional and register-transjer information to perform design-for-testability (DFT}. An automatic tool which utilizes VHDL descriptions of the datapath and control unit of sequential circuits to make an intelligent selection of scan pip-pops is described. This DFT tool ADEPT can make design enhancements early in the design phase. Results on four hard-to-test circuits show that very high fault coverages can be achieved by both a gate-level and a high-level test generator on these circuits after scan selection. Fewer scan jlip-flops were chosen as compared to a gate-level partial scan selection.
The implications of milking management strategies involving variations of milking frequency in the immediate post-partum period (1980)

Two experiments with identical-twin cows are described. The first compared once-daily milking and concurrent continuous single suckling for 4 days post par&m with twice-daily machine milking and twice-daily suckling. The two treatment groups showed a mean total lactation gain of 4.8% (P < 0.05) in milk and 4.6% ’ (P < 0.01) in milkfat. The second compared twice-daily milking, commenced immediately post partum, with thrice-daily milking, for periods of 7 days and 8 weeks. Treatment period gains of 9.9% in milk and 16% in milkfat were recorded for-the 7-day x 3 group. The &-week x 3 erouu showed a gain of 9.4% in milk and 12.2% in milkfat in the-firstA 7 days, red&zing to 6.0% and 6.6% at the completion of the treatment phase. Body-weight changes in early lactation appear to be implicated in production .responses.
Recent updates on cancer immunotherapy (2018)

Traditional cancer therapies include surgery, radiation, and chemotherapy, all of which are typically non-specific approaches. Cancer immunotherapy is a type of cancer treatment that helps the immune system fight cancer. Cancer immunotherapy represents a standing example of precision medicine: immune checkpoint inhibitors precisely target the checkpoints; tumor infiltrating lymphocytes, TCR T cells, and CAR T cells precisely kill cancer cells through tumor antigen recognition; and cancer vaccines are made from patient-derived dendritic cells, tumor cell DNA, or RNA, or oncolytic viruses, thus offering a type of personalized medicine. This review will highlight up-to-date advancement in most, if not all, of the immunotherapy strategies.
Tau Accumulation in Clinically Normal Older Adults Is Associated with Hippocampal Hyperactivity (2018)

Animal studies demonstrate that hyperactive neurons facilitate early accumulation and spread of tau and amyloid-β proteins in the pathological cascade of Alzheimer's disease (AD). Human neuroimaging studies have linked hippocampal hyperactivity to amyloid-β accumulation, apolipoprotein ε4 (APOE4) and clinical progression from prodromal AD to clinical dementia. The relationship between hippocampal hyperactivity and early AD molecular pathology (amyloid-β and tau accumulation) before clinical symptoms remains to be elucidated. Here, we studied 120 clinically normal older humans (80 females/40 males) enrolled in the Harvard Aging Brain Study. We measured functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) activity during successful memory encoding and amyloid-β accumulation with PiB-positron emission tomography imaging. Additionally, we measured tau accumulation using AV1451 PET imaging in a subset of 87 participants. In this subset, we found that inferior temporal tau accumulation was associated with increased fMRI activity in the hippocampus, but showed no clear association with amyloid. Together, the findings support a hypothetical model of the evolution of preclinical AD that place hippocampal hyperactivity concurrent with spread of tau pathology to neocortical regions before clinical impairment.<b>SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT</b> The circumstances under which the hippocampus becomes hyperactive in preclinical stages of Alzheimer's disease (AD) have thus far remained elusive. Recent advances in positron emission tomography (PET) tracers now enable <i>in vivo</i> characterization of amyloid-β and tau accumulation. Here, we combine amyloid and tau PET with functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) to examine the association between Alzheimer's disease pathology and memory-related brain activity in clinically normal older adults. We found an association between increased hippocampal activity and tau accumulation in the inferior temporal cortex. These data suggest that the pathogenesis of hippocampal hyperactivity occurs concurrent with the spread of tau pathology from the entorhinal cortex to the neocortex, before the clinical manifestations of Alzheimer's disease.
Characterization of antigenic structures in autoimmune atrophic gastritis with pernicious anaemia. The parietal cell H,K‐ATPase and the chief cell pepsinogen are the two major antigens (1989)

Using isolated cells and subcellular fractions from pig gastric mucosa, antigenic structures with specific binding of IgG from sera of patients with auto-immune atrophic gastritis were characterized by means of immunoblotting and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. In immunoblotting experiments using mucosal cells as the antigen source, two dominating bands of 94 and 41 kDa were found. The two major antigens were identified as the H,K-ATPase (94 kDa), which constitutes the parietal cell acid pump, and pepsinogen (41 kDa) located in the chief cells. There was also a small but significant binding of antibodies to a preparation of Na,K-ATPase, an enzyme which is about 60% homologous to H,K-ATPase. Commercial preparations of hog gastric pepsinogen and pepsin bound pernicious anaemia IgG with equal efficacy. When sera from seven patients with the diagnosis pernicious anaemia were tested, all were found to contain auto-antibodies against H,K-ATPase as well as pepsinogen. In intact, isolated H,K-ATPase-containing vesicles the cytosolic part of the ATPase molecule is facing the outside of the vesicles. Both intact and trypsinized vesicles were incubated with patient sera and with a monoclonal antibody against H,K-ATPase. Pernicious anaemia IgG was found to bind to a cytosolic, trypsin-resistant structure, but the binding of the monoclonal antibody was lost upon trypsinization. The present results indicate that intracellular structures of the gastric mucosa, due to cell damage, may be exposed to immune-competent cells, which do not recognize these structures as 'self'.
Topology Dictionary for 3D Video Understanding (2011)

This paper presents a novel approach that achieves 3D video understanding. 3D video consists of a stream of 3D models of subjects in motion. The acquisition of long sequences requires large storage space (2 GB for 1 min). Moreover, it is tedious to browse data sets and extract meaningful information. We propose the topology dictionary to encode and describe 3D video content. The model consists of a topology-based shape descriptor dictionary which can be generated from either extracted patterns or training sequences. The model relies on 1) topology description and classification using Reeb graphs, and 2) a Markov motion graph to represent topology change states. We show that the use of Reeb graphs as the high-level topology descriptor is relevant. It allows the dictionary to automatically model complex sequences, whereas other strategies would require prior knowledge on the shape and topology of the captured subjects. Our approach serves to encode 3D video sequences, and can be applied for content-based description and summarization of 3D video sequences. Furthermore, topology class labeling during a learning process enables the system to perform content-based event recognition. Experiments were carried out on various 3D videos. We showcase an application for 3D video progressive summarization using the topology dictionary.
Brain Lesions in Friedreich's Ataxia (1979)

An estimate is given of the frequency of pathological changes (assessed by cell populations and from myelin staining) in the brains of 15 cases of Friedreich's ataxia. Mention is made of the special problem of distinguishing primary degenerative lesions from those due to circulatory disturbances arising from the patients cardiac disease.
Conservation of the metabolomic response to starvation across two divergent microbes (2006)

We followed 68 cellular metabolites after carbon or nitrogen starvation of Escherichia coli and Saccharomyces cerevisiae, using a filter-culture methodology that allows exponential growth, nondisruptive nutrient removal, and fast quenching of metabolism. Dynamic concentration changes were measured by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry and viewed in clustered heat-map format. The major metabolic responses anticipated from metabolite-specific experiments in the literature were observed as well as a number of novel responses. When the data were analyzed by singular value decomposition, two dominant characteristic vectors were found, one corresponding to a generic starvation response and another to a nutrient-specific starvation response that is similar in both organisms. Together these captured a remarkable 72% of the metabolite concentration changes in the full data set. The responses described by the generic starvation response vector (42%) included, for example, depletion of most biosynthetic intermediates. The nutrient-specific vector (30%) included key responses such as increased phosphoenolpyruvate signaling glucose deprivation and increased alpha-ketoglutarate signaling ammonia deprivation. Metabolic similarity across organisms extends from the covalent reaction network of metabolism to include many elements of metabolome response to nutrient deprivation as well.
Enforcing passivity for rational function based macromodels of tabulated data (2003)

With the continually increasing operating frequencies, complex high-speed package and interconnect modules require characterization based on measured/simulated data. Several efficient algorithms were recently suggested for macromodeling of such data to enable transient analysis in the presence of external circuit elements. One of the difficult issues involved here is the passivity violations associated with the computed macromodel. To address this issue, an efficient algorithm is presented in this paper to enforce passivity for macromodels with passivity violations.
<i>In Vivo</i> Imaging Reveals Dissociation between Caspase Activation and Acute Neuronal Death in Tangle-Bearing Neurons (2008)

Accumulation of neurofibrillary tangles (NFTs) in Alzheimer's disease correlates with neuronal loss and cognitive decline, but the precise relationship between NFTs and neuronal death and downstream mechanisms of cell death remain unclear. Caspase cleaved products accumulate in tangles, implying that tangles may contribute to apoptotic neuronal death. To test this hypothesis, we developed methods using multiphoton imaging to detect both neurofibrillary pathology and caspase activation in the living mouse brain. We examined rTg4510 mice, a reversible mouse model of tauopathy that develops tangles and neuronal loss. Only a small percentage of imaged neurons were caspase activity positive, but the vast majority of the cells with active caspases contained NFTs. We next tested the hypothesis that caspase activation led to acute, apoptotic neuronal death. Caspase positive cell bodies did not degenerate over hours of imaging, despite the presence of activated executioner caspases. Suppression of the transgene, which stops ongoing death, did not suppress caspase activity. Finally, histochemical assessments revealed evidence of caspase-cleaved tau, but no TUNEL (terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated biotinylated UTP nick end labeling) positive or apoptotic nuclei. With the novel technique of observing NFTs and caspase activation in the living brain, we demonstrate that aggregated tau in neurons can be associated with caspase activation, but that caspase activation is not sufficient to cause acute neuronal death in this model.
Influence of diffraction on low thermal diffusivity measurements with infrared photothermal microscopy (1998)

We consider a photothermal microscope using infrared detection for local thermal diffusivity measurements. In order to extract a reliable thermal diffusivity estimate from the recorded temperature profile, we show that diffraction arising from the Cassegrain objective of the microscope must be taken into account. Indeed, the apparent temperature profile is deformed significantly when the thermal diffusion length approaches the size of the diffraction pattern. This is especially a problem for low diffusivity samples because avoiding high-noise figures at very low modulation frequencies implies small thermal diffusion length measurements. The measurement of the impulse response of the microscope allows us to correct the recorded profile for diffraction and detector size effects. In particular, whereas the amplitude profile is smoothed only in the excitation beam area, the phase profile is globally distorted, yielding up to a 60% thermal diffusivity overestimate if neglected. Furthermore, nonlinear infrared emission contributes to enhance the impact of diffraction. Validation of our model is done with a Y2O3-doped ZrO2 sample by comparing the estimation at different modulation frequencies and also with the well-established photothermal beam deflection technique.
Pressure and Temperature Control of Product Chirality in Asymmetric Photochemistry. Enantiodifferentiating Photoisomerization of Cyclooctene Sensitized by Chiral Benzenepolycarboxylates (1998)

Pressure effects upon asymmetric photosensitization have been investigated for the first time in the enantiodifferentiating Z−E photoisomerization of cyclooctene (1), sensitized by chiral aromatic esters (2−7). The product's enantiomeric excess (ee) and E/Z ratio were critical functions of the applied pressure, exhibiting an unprecedented switching of the product chirality. Depending upon the chiral sensitizer employed, the differential activation volume (ΔΔV⧧) varies widely from −3.7 to +5.6 cm3 mol-1, which is unexpectedly large for an enantiodifferentiation in the excited state. However, the ΔΔV⧧ values obtained do not correlate with the differential activation enthalpy (ΔΔH⧧) or entropy (ΔΔS⧧) obtained from temperature-dependence studies, indicating that pressure and temperature function as independent perturbants for the photoenantiodifferentiation process. Further investigations on the pressure dependence of ee at low temperatures enable us to construct the first three-dimensional diagram that correlates the product's ee with pressure and temperature changes. The combined effects of temperature and pressure provide us with a versatile tool for the multidimensional control of asymmetric photochemical reactions, in which we can switch and/or enhance the product chirality at more readily accessible temperatures and pressures, without using antipodal sensitizers.
A Shape-Controlled Compliant Microarchitectured Material (2015)

The purpose of this paper is to introduce a new kind of actively controlled microarchitecture that can alter its bulk shape through the deformation of compliant elements. This new type of microarchitecture achieves its reconfigurable shape capabilities through a new control strategy that utilizes linearity and closed-form analytical tools to rapidly calculate the optimal internal actuation effort necessary to achieve a desired bulk surface profile. The microarchitectures of this paper are best suited for high-precision applications that would benefit from materials that can be programmed to rapidly alter their surfaces/shape relatively small amounts in a controlled manner. Examples include distortion-correcting surfaces on which precision optics are mounted, airplane wings that deform to increase maneuverability and fuel efficiency, and surfaces that rapidly reconfigure to alter their texture. In this paper, the principles are provided for optimally designing 2D or 3D versions of the new kind of microarchitecture such that they exhibit desired material property directionality. The mathematical theory is provided for modeling and calculating the actuation effort necessary to drive these microarchitectures such that their lattice shape comes closest to achieving a desired profile. Case studies are provided to demonstrate this theory.