gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Precise Race Detection and Efficient Model Checking Using Locksets (2006)

In this paper, we present a new algorithm for detecting data-races in an execution of a concurrent program. Our algorithm is sound and precise, that is, it reports a race in an execution iff there are two accesses to a shared variable along the execution that are not ordered by the happens-before relation. Previous algorithms for computing the happens-before relation are based on clock vectors. On the other hand, our algorithm is based solely on the concept of locksets and is able to capture all mutual-exclusion synchronization idioms uniformly with one mechanism. Our lockset algorithm could be very useful for improving the precision of flow-sensitive static analyses, particularly those for detecting data-races and atomicity violations in concurrent programs. We present one such analysis, a model checking algorithm that uses our lockset algorithm both to check for races exhaustively and perform partial-order reduction when races are absent. Our characterization of the happens-before relation in terms of locksets rather than clock vectors is crucial for the fixpoint computation inherent in model checking and other flow-sensitive analyses. We have implemented our algorithm and used it to prove the absence of data-races and assertion failures on a number of examples containing a variety of synchronization idioms.
Acoustic monitoring of tube vibration (1986)

Views Icon Views Article contents Figures & tables Video Audio Supplementary Data Peer Review Share Icon Share Twitter Facebook Reddit LinkedIn Tools Icon Tools Reprints and Permissions Cite Icon Cite Search Site Citation Barry T. Lubin, James P. Thompson; Acoustic monitoring of tube vibration. J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 1 June 1986; 79 (6): 2105. https://doi.org/10.1121/1.393156 Download citation file: Ris (Zotero) Reference Manager EasyBib Bookends Mendeley Papers EndNote RefWorks BibTex toolbar search Search Dropdown Menu toolbar search search input Search input auto suggest filter your search All ContentAcoustical Society of AmericaThe Journal of the Acoustical Society of America Search Advanced Search |Citation Search
Applicability of GSO scintillators for well logging (1991)

Cerium-doped gadolinium oxyorthosilicate (GSO:Ce) was developed as a scintillating material for application in positron emission tomography. The fundamental properties of this material were studied, with particular attention given to properties relevant to nuclear well logging applications and their temperature dependence. Initial evaluations indicated that this material had a number of properties which seemed to make it a favorable candidate for well logging applications, such as the reported decay-time constant of 60 ns. Subsequent studies showed the presence of a longer, 600-ns. decay constant, which, coupled with its extremely high thermal neutron absorption cross section and relatively low light output, raised questions about its suitability. The temperature dependence of GSO:Ce was investigated to better evaluate its applicability as a gamma-ray detector for nuclear well logging applications. It is noted that the main advantage of GSO, compared to other scintillators that can be used for well logging applications. is the increase in detection efficiency that can be achieved without the need for cooling the detector.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Low-complexity frame-size down-scaling integrated with IDCT (2009)

This work develops a low-complexity method that integrates the inverse transform and downscaling. According to the application requirement, the reduction ratios of the frame width and length are adopted at the matrix computation of the inverse transform. Since a small matrix is employed to compute the inverse transform and downscaling, the non-zero high-frequency components are compensated at the spatial and frequency domains. As compared to the conventional methods, the computational complexity of proposed method with the frequency-domain compensation can be reduced effectively under the similar decoded picture quality. Particularly, the proposed method can meet various downscaling ratios to accomplish low-complexity transforms for mobile video applications.
Efficient stimuli for recording of the amplitude modulation following response. (2001)

Amplitude modulation following response (AMFR) is a promising tool for objective frequency-specific assessment of hearing thresholds in children. The stimulus generally used for AMFR recording (one amplitude-modulated carrier) activates only a small part of the basilar membrane. Therefore, the response amplitude is small. Combined frequency and amplitude modulation is not significantly more effective. A new stimulus is proposed that is composed of several carriers. All carriers are modulated with the same modulation frequency. The signal to noise ratio of the response to the multiple-carrier stimulus is significantly increased compared with the usual one-carrier stimulus. Therefore, response detection near threshold is expected to be improved. AMFR also seems to be well suited to newborn hearing screening. Simultaneous recording of six responses (three AMFRs from each ear) to 1-, 2-, and 4-kHz multiple-carrier stimuli of a 40 dB HL stimulus level is demonstrated in normally-hearing adults. Verification in babies will be necessary.
Exploiting long-term temporal dependencies in NMF using recurrent neural networks with application to source separation (2014)

This paper seeks to exploit high-level temporal information during feature extraction from audio signals via non-negative matrix factorization. Contrary to existing approaches that impose local temporal constraints, we train powerful recurrent neural network models to capture long-term temporal dependencies and event co-occurrence in the data. This gives our method the ability to “fill in the blanks” in a smart way during feature extraction from complex audio mixtures, an ability very useful for a number of audio applications. We apply these ideas to source separation problems.
Control of coal combustion SO{sub 2}and NO{sub x} emissions by in- boiler injection of CMA. Second quarterly project status report, 1 January 1993--31 March 1993 (1993)

The principal objectives of the proposed research are two-fold: (A) To understand the mechanism and assess the effectiveness of sulfur capture by the chemical calcium magnesium acetate (CMA); and (B) To evaluate the NO{sub x}, reduction capabilities of CMA by burning the organic constituents of the chemical (the acetate) and reducing NO to stable N{sub 2}. The optimum conditions and the location of CMA introduction in the furnace will be identified. To achieve these goals water solutions of CMA or dry powders of CMA will be injected into hot air or gases simulating the furnace exhaust (containing CO{sub 2}, SO{sub x},NO{sub x}, H{sub 2}O, O{sub 2} etc.) and the composition of gaseous and solid products of the reaction will be monitored. The processes of burning the organic acetate as well as the calcination, sintering and sulfation of the remaining solid will be studied in detail. The possibility of introducing two different sorbents sequentially will also be examined. For instance, such a scheme may employ injection of the rather inexpensive calcium carbonate initially, followed by the more costly CMA. The effectiveness of a ``homemade`` CMA using woody biomass as a low-cost source of acetate will be explored if such a product becomes available during the course of this work. Finally, CMA will be introduced in the matrix of the coal by an ion exchange or a precipitation technique. Upon subsequent combustion, the composition and physical structure of the remaining ash will be examined, as well as the gas phase SO{sub x}, concentration. Both techniques (CMA pretreatment and CMA injection) may also be implemented simultaneously to assess their combined effect on sulfur capture.
Advanced electrode geometry for liquid crystal adaptive lenses (2002)

The liquid crystal adaptive lens (LCAL) is an electro-optical device which utilizes a graded index of refraction to bring light to a focus. A set of electrodes control the index variation in a liquid crystal thin film. Previous researchers have analyzed this LCAL extensively and identified two sets of phase aberrations which prevented the LCAL from having a near diffraction-limited performance. One set is called the static phase aberration (which are built-in upon device construction due to the electrode geometry), while the other set is called the dynamic phase aberration (inaccurate applied voltages which could be dithered, or adjusted during operation). Since the static phase aberration is created by the discrete nature of the electrodes, a conductive meshing (CM) method was developed which promised to eliminate any discrete electrodes. Instead of the traditional isolated electrodes, the CM design has a uniformly conducting electrode with multiple driving points. Although CM is very promising, it posed some technical difficulties in controlling ITO thickness during multiple depositions. To circumvent this difficulty, we developed conductive ladder meshing (CLM), a hybrid of the CM and the conventional architecture.
Multi-Wavelength Photoplethysmography Enabling Continuous Blood Pressure Measurement With Compact Wearable Electronics (2018)

This MWPPG work provides the wearable healthcare electronics of compact size with a low-cost and physiology-based solution for continuous measurement of BP and SVR.
A replication-competent late liver stage–attenuated human malaria parasite (2020)

Whole-sporozoite vaccines engender sterilizing immunity against malaria in animal models and importantly, in humans. Gene editing allows for the removal of specific parasite genes, enabling generation of genetically attenuated parasite (GAP) strains for vaccination. Using rodent malaria parasites, we have previously shown that late liver stage-arresting replication-competent (LARC) GAPs confer superior protection when compared with early liver stage-arresting replication-deficient GAPs and radiation-attenuated sporozoites. However, generating a LARC GAP in the human malaria parasite Plasmodium falciparum (P. falciparum) has been challenging. Here, we report the generation and characterization of a likely unprecedented P. falciparum LARC GAP generated by targeted gene deletion of the Mei2 gene: P. falciparum mei2-. Robust exoerythrocytic schizogony with extensive cell growth and DNA replication was observed for P. falciparum mei2- liver stages in human liver-chimeric mice. However, P. falciparum mei2- liver stages failed to complete development and did not form infectious exoerythrocytic merozoites, thereby preventing their transition to asexual blood stage infection. Therefore, P. falciparum mei2- is a replication-competent, attenuated human malaria parasite strain with potentially increased potency, useful for vaccination to protect against P. falciparum malaria infection.
Image-Optimized Rolling Cache: Reducing the Miss Penalty for Memory-Intensive Vision Algorithms (2014)

In real-time memory-intensive image processing and vision applications, increasing image resolution requires the use of external SDR/DDR memories. However, the arbitrary pixel access patterns used in most algorithms reduce their memory throughput as a result of increasing access latency. Efficient cache design is paramount in real-time memory-intensive applications. Its effectiveness depends on the spatial and temporal locality of data access. In image processing, the spatial locality denotes the neighboring pixels, located horizontally and vertically in 2-D. However, the conventional caches used in general processors cannot define the vertical locality. We propose a rolling cache optimized for image format and algorithms, a method to reduce the miss penalty by moving the cache horizontally and vertically, and a parallel processing architecture with interpolation, multilevel and multiple caches. To support our idea, we compare it with other types of caches and show that the average memory access time and the memory bandwidth are decreased by 28% and 74%, respectively, for a 2048 × 2048 image. Its performance is greater than that of the 16-way set associative cache, but the tag memory size is a bit larger than that of the direct-mapped cache. Using two different applications, we show that the proposed architecture is applicable to a number of algorithms if data access follows an arbitrary curve or block-wise pattern, which is the usual case with image processing and vision algorithms. If an application is based on local data access in resource-limited systems, it is possible to achieve high performance with lower operational frequency using the proposed architecture.
Reality and Limits of Spectroscopic Ellipsometry (1988)

Ellipsometry is widely used for measurement of thin films. Usually instruments can only give index of refraction and thickness of one transparent layer at one wavelength. In order to know more about the layer two techniques have been developed recently; one is exploration of the spectral information covering the useful range from .23 up to 1.7μm. The multiplicity of information all along the spectrum enables smart calculations using various models to explain a posteriori the history of the layer growth. The other way is to follow the etching of the surface and the growing of a film in Situ, in real time. For this purpose only a well chosen wavelength has been used, occasionally two or three wavelengths are studied at the same time.
Retinoic acid receptor-beta: immunodetection and phosphorylation on tyrosine residues. (1992)

Polyclonal (RP) and monoclonal (Ab) antibodies were raised against synthetic peptides (or fusion proteins) corresponding to amino acid sequences unique to human and mouse retinoic acid receptor-beta (RAR beta) isoforms. Antibodies directed against the A2 region [Ab6 beta 2(A2), Ab7 beta 2(A2), and RP beta 2(A2)], the D2 region [RP beta(D2)], or the F region [Ab8 beta(F)2, RP beta(F)1, and RP beta(F)2] were selected. The monoclonal and polyclonal antibodies directed against the D2 and F regions specifically immunoprecipitated and recognized by Western blotting all human and mouse RAR beta isoforms (mRAR beta 1, -beta 2, -beta 3, and -beta 4), produced in COS-1 cells transfected with expression vectors containing the corresponding RAR beta cDNA. Furthermore, in gel retardation assays, the monoclonal antibodies supershifted RAR beta protein-RA response element oligonucleotide complexes. Antibodies directed against the A2 region were specific for the RAR beta 2 isoform. The above antibodies allowed us to detect the presence of mRAR beta 2 proteins in mouse embryos and to show that their presence in embryonal carcinoma cells (F9 and P19 cell lines) is dependent upon RA treatment. The antibodies were also used to demonstrate that RAR beta proteins produced by transfection in COS-1 cells are phosphorylated. RAR beta 2 phosphorylation was not affected by RA treatment, whereas the phosphorylation of RAR beta 1 and RAR beta 3 isoforms was greatly enhanced by RA. We also show that, in contrast to RAR alpha 1 and RAR gamma 1, RAR beta 2 proteins contain phosphotyrosine residues and are only weakly phosphorylated in vitro by cAMP-dependent protein kinase. These results support our previous proposal that the various receptors have distinct functions in the RA-signaling pathway.
Heat Pump Placed in the Resonance Tube Connected to the Loop-Tube-Type Thermoacoustic Cooling System Improves the Cooling Effect (2009)

We discuss the cooling effect of a loop-tube-type thermoacoustic cooling system, especially emphasizing the effect of a heat pump placed in a resonance tube, using three types of loop tubes. The temperature decrease for the loop tube connected by the resonance tube with the heat pump placed in the resonance tube is the largest; that without the resonance tube with the heat pump placed in the loop tube is the smallest. The results show that the cooling effect is improved by connecting the resonance tube to the loop tube and by placing the heat pump outside of the loop tube.
A novel single amplifier architecture for second order noise shaping (2004)

A novel second order noise shaping system with a single integrator amplifier is presented. It is based on an error feedback mechanism that consists of two analog and one digital quantizers. A digital signal processing system introduces second order noise shaping on all of the quantization noises. The Matlab/Simulink simulations include various nonideal effects show that the proposed architecture is an excellent candidate for GSM RF receivers.
Purification of T47D Human Progesterone Receptor and Immunochemical Characterization with Monoclonal Antibodies (1988)

In order to obtain steroid-independent probes for human progesterone receptor (PR), the A [88-93 kilodalton (kDa)] and B (109-119 kDa) forms of PR from T47D human breast cancer cells were partially purified and used to generate a series of 14 monoclonal antibodies. Initially, unoccupied PR was isolated from cytosol extracts by steroid affinity chromatography, followed by chromatography on diethylaminoethyl Bio-Gel. The partially pure (3-15%) PR consisted of two steroid-binding components that migrated at 89 kDa and 109 kDa in reducing sodium dodecyl sulfate gels after being photoaffinity labeled with the synthetic progestin [3H]R5020. Two unique monoclonal antibodies to PR were derived from a male Lewis rat immunized with this material. One of these antibodies (JU601) was coupled to Sepharose 4B and used to purify T47D nuclear PR for additional immunizations. Highly purified (30-70%) PR migrated as 93 kDa and 119 kDa progestin-binding proteins in sodium dodecyl sulfate gels. In all, thirteen monoclonal antibodies were obtained that recognized epitopes shared by both receptor forms. One mouse immunoglobulin G (KC146) was completely specific for the larger B form. Interestingly, the epitope for this antibody was present on all PRs tested, including the B form of PR from chicken oviduct, whereas nine other antibodies recognized only human PR and the remaining four cross reacted with rabbit PR. With the exception of the JU145 and JU601 rat immunoglobulin Ms, all antibodies appeared to be completely specific for the A or B forms of PR. Each recognized the cytosol and nuclear forms of occupied as well as unoccupied PR. Although the relationship between B and A was not established, it is clear that an amino-terminal region of B is not present in A, and that a significant portion of A and B are either identical or very similar in amino acid sequence.
The role of spatial detail in sound-source localization: Impact on HRTF modeling and personalization. (2013)

While current head-related transfer function (HRTF) personalization methods offer some ability to quickly customize spatial auditory displays, these techniques generally lack the realism and performance provided by full individualized HRTF measurements. This poor performance is likely due to the vast amount of individual spectral and spatial variation contained in a measured HRTF. While some of this variation contains important directional information, Kulkarni and Colburn (1998) showed that perceptually irrelevant spectral variation could be eliminated by smoothing the HRTF magnitude with a truncated Fourier series expansion. The present study investigates a related method for smoothing the spatial variation contained in an HRTF magnitude by utilizing a truncated spherical harmonic expansion. The perceptual impacts of various degrees of spatial smoothing were evaluated by comparing performance to performance obtained with full individualized HRTF measurements in a virtual localization task. Results indicate that comparable localization performance can be achieved with as low as a fourth-order spherical harmonic representation, which provides a significant amount of spatial smoothing. Analysis of the resulting simplified representation also uncovered a number of interesting relationships across individuals that may facilitate the development of future techniques that estimate and personalize HRTFs.
A catalogue of biochemically diverse CRISPR-Cas9 orthologs (2020)

Bacterial Cas9 nucleases from type II CRISPR-Cas antiviral defence systems have been repurposed as genome editing tools. Although these proteins are found in many microbes, only a handful of variants are used for these applications. Here, we use bioinformatic and biochemical analyses to explore this largely uncharacterized diversity. We apply cell-free biochemical screens to assess the protospacer adjacent motif (PAM) and guide RNA (gRNA) requirements of 79 Cas9 proteins, thus identifying at least 7 distinct gRNA classes and 50 different PAM sequence requirements. PAM recognition spans the entire spectrum of T-, A-, C-, and G-rich nucleotides, from single nucleotide recognition to sequence strings longer than 4 nucleotides. Characterization of a subset of Cas9 orthologs using purified components reveals additional biochemical diversity, including both narrow and broad ranges of temperature dependence, staggered-end DNA target cleavage, and a requirement for long stretches of homology between gRNA and DNA target. Our results expand the available toolset of RNA-programmable CRISPR-associated nucleases.
Single Power-Supply Voltage Level Converter for Multi-VDD Systems (2009)

As the use of the mobile electronic devices increases very rapidly, low power becomes one of the most important design issues of CMOS VLSI circuits. A multi-VDD system, which uses more than one power-supply voltage in the same system, is an effective way to reduce the power consumption without degrading operating speed. However, in the multi-VDD system, level converters which convert the low power-supply voltage into the high power-supply voltage should be inserted to prevent a large static current flow. The insertion of the level converters induces the overheads of power consumption, delay, and area. In this paper, we propose a new level converter for the multi-VDD system. Since the proposed level converter uses only one power-supply voltage, it has an advantage of reducing the complexity in physical design. In addition, the proposed level converter provides lower power and higher speed, compared to existing level converters.
Intravascular ultrasound and photoacoustic imaging (2008)

There is a need for an imaging technique that can reliably identify and characterize the vulnerability of atherosclerotic plaques. Catheter-based intravascular ultrasound (IVUS) is one of the imaging tools of the clinical evaluation of atherosclerosis. However, histopathological information obtained with IVUS imaging is limited. We present and discuss the applicability of a combined intravascular photoacoustic (IVPA) and intravascular ultrasound (IVUS) imaging approach to assess both vessel structure and tissue composition thus identifying rupture-prone atherosclerotic plaques. Photoacoustic (or optoacoustic and, generally, thermoacoustic) imaging relies on the absorption of electromagnetic energy, such as light, and the subsequent emission of an acoustic wave. Therefore, the amplitude and temporal characteristics of the photoacoustic signal is primarily determined by optical absorption properties of different types of tissues and can be used to differentiate the lipid, fibrous and fibro-cellular components of an inflammatory lesion. Simultaneous IVUS and IVPA imaging studies were conducted using 40 MHz clinical IVUS imaging catheter interfaced with a pulsed laser system. The performance of the IVPA/IVUS imaging was assessed using phantoms with point targets and vessel-mimicking phantoms. To detect the lipids in the plaque, ex-vivo IVPA imaging studies of a normal and an atherosclerotic rabbit aorta were performed at a 532 nm wavelength. To assess plaque composition, multi-wavelength (680-950 nm) spectroscopic IVPA imaging studies were carried out. Finally, molecular and cellular IVPA imaging was demonstrated using plasmonic nanoparticles. Overall, our studies suggest that plaque detection and characterization can be improved using the combined IVPA/IVUS imaging.