gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A Comprehensive Review of Existing Risk Assessment Models in Cloud Computing (2018)

Cloud computing is a popular paradigm in information technology and computing as it offers numerous advantages in terms of economical saving and minimal management effort. Although elasticity and flexibility brings tremendous benefits, it still raises many information security issues due to its unique characteristic that allows ubiquitous computing. Therefore, the vulnerabilities and threats in cloud computing have to be identified and proper risk assessment mechanism has to be in place for better cloud computing management. Various quantitative and qualitative risk assessment models have been proposed but up to our knowledge, none of them is suitable for cloud computing environment. This paper, we compare and analyse the strengths and weaknesses of existing risk assessment models. We then propose a new risk assessment model that sufficiently address all the characteristics of cloud computing, which was not appeared in the existing models.
Experimental Realization of a Ternary-Phase Alloy Through Microwave-Activated Annealing for Ge Schottky pMOSFETs (2016)

This paper presents a high-performance Ge p-channel MOSFET (pMOSFET) with NiGePt as a ternary-phase alloy of Schottky source/drain (S/D) formed through low-temperature microwave-activated annealing (MWA). We fabricated a NiGePt alloy contact with uniform crystallinity through structural engineering and MWA. We clarified the phenomena of thermal reaction and diffusion for forming ternary-phase alloys using MWA properties such as thermal dynamics and ionic transportation. The ternary-phase NiGePt alloy is crucial for improving the off-leakage current of the junction. A lower process temperature is beneficial for eliminating surface roughness and reducing alloy agglomeration of the Schottky contact S/D. Consequently, the fabricated NiGePt/n-Ge Schottky junction exhibited a high effective barrier height (ΦBn) of 0.59 eV, resulting in a high junction current ratio of more than 10 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">5</sup> at an applied voltage of |V <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">a</sub> | = 1 V. In addition, we exploited the advantages of low-temperature microwave annealing to fabricate the pMOSFET, which includes a GeO <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> passivation layer and a Schottky S/D. Our ternary Schottky Ge pMOSFET (L = 4μm) exhibited high I <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">ON</sub> /I <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">OFF</sub> ratios of approximately 3.7 × 10 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3</sup> (I <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">D</sub> ) and 1.3 × 10 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">5</sup> (I <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">S</sub> ) and a moderate subthreshold swing of 126 mV/dec.
Advances in land mine detection using surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (1999)

We report surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) for vapors of 2,4-dinitrotoluene (2,4-DNT), 1,3-dinitrobenzene, 4-amino-2, 6-dinitrotoluene and trinitrotoluene (TNT) adsorbed onto gold metal foils. Detection of 2,4-DNT down to approximately 1 ppb has been demonstrated. A compact field portable Raman unit with fiber optic SERS attachment has been fabricated and field tested for landmine detection. Preliminary results showed little environmental interference to the SERS measurement and detection of a buried landmine. The results demonstrate that SERS can detect buried landmines and, with further improvements, has the potential to be a man-portable field unit for landmine detection.
Ultra-wideband square-slot antenna (2006)

A simple square-slot antenna capable of providing a very wide impedance bandwidth of larger than 9 GHz is presented. The ultra-wideband operation for the proposed antenna is realized by using a novel feeding mechanism of loading an offset rectangular stub at the end of the microstrip feed line. With the proper offset distance of rectangular stub chosen, the proposed antenna can operate in the 2.78–12.02-GHz frequency range and covers the UWB operating bandwidth of 3.1–10.6 GHz. The antenna radiation patterns at 3, 5.3, 7.9, and 10 GHz are also presented. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 48: 500–502, 2006; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.21391
Reduction of reconstruction time for time‐resolved spiral 3D contrast‐enhanced magnetic resonance angiography using parallel computing (2006)

Time-resolved 3D MRI with high spatial and temporal resolution can be achieved using spiral sampling and sliding-window reconstruction. Image reconstruction is computationally intensive because of the need for data regridding, a large number of temporal phases, and multiple RF receiver coils. Inhomogeneity blurring correction for spiral sampling further increases the computational work load by an order of magnitude, hindering the clinical utility of spiral trajectories. In this work the reconstruction time is reduced by a factor of >40 compared to reconstruction using a single processor. This is achieved by using a cluster of 32 commercial off-the-shelf computers, commodity networking hardware, and readily available software. The reconstruction system is demonstrated for time-resolved spiral contrast-enhanced (CE) peripheral MR angiography (MRA), and a reduction of reconstruction time from 80 min to 1.8 min is achieved.
Runtime software adaptation (2008)

Our ICSE 1998 paper showed how an application can be adapted at runtime by manipulating its architectural model. In particular, our paper demonstrated the beneficial role of (1) software connectors in aiding runtime change, (2) an explicit architectural model fielded with the system and used as the basis for runtime change, and (3) architectural style in providing both structural and behavioral constraints over runtime change. This paper examines runtime evolution in the decade hence. A broad framework for studying and describing evolution is introduced that serves to unify the wide range of work now found in the field of dynamic software adaptation. This paper also looks to the future, identifying what we believe to be highly promising directions.
Sensor failure detection, identification and accommodation using neural network and fuzzy voter (2017)

Sensor failure detection, identification and accommodation (SFDIA) is a challenging and important problem on unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) or other safety critical applications. This paper proposes new SFDIA scheme. The new scheme combines advantages of hardware redundancy and analytical redundancy. Fuzzy voter and neural network (NN)-based sensor estimators are developed in the proposed scheme. The fuzzy voter is based on the fuzzy voting scheme. The new SFDIA scheme has a more reliable redundancy based on the FCC NN. The performance of the SFDIA scheme is validated by experiments of quadrotor with two gyro sensor modules. It can detect the sensors failure, pinpoint what sensor fails, and replace the sensor with the other normal sensor.
A Soft-Computing Methodology for Noninvasive Time-Spatial Temperature Estimation (2008)

The safe and effective application of thermal therapies is restricted due to lack of reliable noninvasive temperature estimators. In this paper, the temporal echo-shifts of backscattered ultrasound signals, collected from a gel-based phantom, were tracked and assigned with the past temperature values as radial basis functions neural networks input information. The phantom was heated using a piston-like therapeutic ultrasound transducer. The neural models were assigned to estimate the temperature at different intensities and points arranged across the therapeutic transducer radial line (60 mm apart from the transducer face). Model inputs, as well as the number of neurons were selected using the multiobjective genetic algorithm (MOGA). The best attained models present, in average, a maximum absolute error less than 0.5 degrees C, which is pointed as the borderline between a reliable and an unreliable estimator in hyperthermia/diathermia. In order to test the spatial generalization capacity, the best models were tested using spatial points not yet assessed, and some of them presented a maximum absolute error inferior to 0.5 degrees C, being "elected" as the best models. It should be also stressed that these best models present implementational low-complexity, as desired for real-time applications.
Identifying Cochlear Implant Channels With Poor Electrode-Neuron Interfaces: Electrically Evoked Auditory Brain Stem Responses Measured With the Partial Tripolar Configuration (2010)

These results suggest that behavioral thresholds or EABRs measured with a restricted stimulus can be used to identify potentially impaired cochlear implant channels. Channels having high thresholds and steep growth functions would likely not activate the appropriate spatially restricted region of the cochlea, leading to suboptimal perception. As a clinical tool, quick identification of impaired channels could lead to patient-specific mapping strategies and result in improved speech and music perception.
Light‐induced transcriptional repression of the pea <i>AS1</i> gene: identification of <i>cis</i>‐elements and transfactors (1997)

Here, we examine the cis-elements and trans-factors affecting the expression of asparagine synthetase (AS) genes whose transcription is negatively regulated by light. The promoters for the AS1 and AS2 genes of pea were isolated, sequenced, and functionally dissected for their ability to confer regulated expression to the GUS reporter gene in transgenic tobacco. Histochemical analysis of transgenic plants demonstrated that the AS1 and AS2 promoters show identical patterns of cell-specific expression. The more highly active AS1 promoter was further demonstrated to confer negative light-regulation to the GUS gene in transgenic tobacco. Deletion analysis and gain-of-function experiments showed that 124 bp of the AS1 promoter was sufficient to confer light-activated repression to a heterologous promoter. Potential conserved transcription regulatory elements, Box B, Box C, and Box C' within this region were shown to bind to nuclear proteins by gel shift analysis. A light-specific DNA:protein interaction was detected with Box B. The nuclear factors that bind to Box C and C' elements of AS1 are competed by a putative repressor element 'RE1' defined previously in the oat phytochrome gene whose transcription is also repressed by light. The Box B and C/C'-Box/RE1-binding factors were found in nuclear extracts of tobacco, pea, and Arabidopsis and may therefore be universal factors involved in light-activated transcriptional repression.
Lyotropic liquid crystal engineering moving beyond binary compositional space – ordered nanostructured amphiphile self-assembly materials by design (2017)

Ordered amphiphile self-assembly materials with a tunable three-dimensional (3D) nanostructure are of fundamental interest, and crucial for progressing several biological and biomedical applications, including in meso membrane protein crystallization, as drug and medical contrast agent delivery vehicles, and as biosensors and biofuel cells. In binary systems consisting of an amphiphile and a solvent, the ability to tune the 3D cubic phase nanostructure, lipid bilayer properties and the lipid mesophase is limited. A move beyond the binary compositional space is therefore required for efficient engineering of the required material properties. In this critical review, the phase transitions upon encapsulation of more than 130 amphiphilic and soluble additives into the bicontinuous lipidic cubic phase under excess hydration are summarized. The data are interpreted using geometric considerations, interfacial curvature, electrostatic interactions, partition coefficients and miscibility of the alkyl chains. The obtained lyotropic liquid crystal engineering design rules can be used to enhance the formulation of self-assembly materials and provides a large library of these materials for use in biomedical applications (242 references).
CSF markers in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (2010)

No recognized specific surrogate marker currently can facilitate diagnosis or assessment of prognosis in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). This problem has long been a major impediment in the conduct of clinical trials and, indeed, in clinical practice.

Recent studies of protein expression in CSF and blood have addressed this problem. The results inevitably consist of the identification of large numbers of proteins differing in concentration in patients with ALS vs normal control subjects or, more appropriately, patients with other neurologic disorders. This has led to the realization that there are many technical and clinical limitations in these studies.1 Early studies of proteins in CSF using proteomics technology set out to characterize the protein constituents of CSF in neurodegenerative disorders, such as ALS and Alzheimer dementia, and also in inflammatory disease, especially multiple sclerosis. CSF is a fluid with slow circulation characteristics, and it has long been know that its characteristics differ by location, that is, in samples taken at lumbar puncture, cisternal puncture, or in ventricular specimens. The possibility of differing concentrations of …
Physical Layer Security in OFDM-PON Based on Dimension-Transformed Chaotic Permutation (2013)

A physical layer security enhanced orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) passive optical network based on dimension-transformed chaotic permutation is proposed and experimentally demonstrated. In this scheme, a large key space is obtained by multidomain jointed Rossler permutation, and the corresponding complexity scale caused by multidomain encryption can be reduced through dimension-transformed permutation. An experiment with 10.61-Gb/s encrypted optical OFDM access system is performed to demonstrate the proposed method.
An overview of peak-to-average power ratio reduction schemes for OFDM signals (2009)

Orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) has been adopted as a standard for various high data rate wireless communication systems due to the spectral bandwidth efficiency, robustness to frequency selective fading channels, etc. However, implementation of the OFDM system entails several difficulties. One of the major drawbacks is the high peak-to-average power ratio (PAPR), which results in intercarrier interference, high out-of-band radiation, and bit error rate performance degradation, mainly due to the nonlinearity of the high power amplifier. This paper reviews the conventional PAPR reduction schemes and their modifications for achieving the low computational complexity required for practical implementation in wireless communication systems.
Levels of Circulating TIMP‐2 and MMP2‐TIMP2 Complex Are Decreased in Squamous Cervical Carcinoma (2010)

Background. The role of matrix metalloproteinase-2 and -9 (MMP-2, MMP-9) in matrix degradation and metastasis has been described in various tumors. Their action is inhibited by their natural tissue inhibitor molecules TIMP-1 and -2. Methods. The study population consisted of 12 squamous cervical carcinoma patients and 27 healthy volunteer control patients. MMP-9, MMP-2-TIMP-2 complex, TIMP-1, and TIMP-2 were analyzed from serum samples using enzyme-linked immunoassay (ELISA). Results. The mean levels of serum TIMP-2 and of MMP-2-TIMP-2 complex were higher in healthy controls compared to patients with a malignant tumor. Serum TIMP-2 values decreased significantly from healthy controls (median 323 mug/l, range 305-342 mug/l) to malignant (median 136 mug/l, range 120-151 mug/l) squamous cervical carcinoma patients (P < .000). Also, serum proMMP2-TIMP2 complex values decreased from control patients to squamous cervical carcinoma patients (P < .006). Conclusion. This paper shows that the levels of circulating TIMP-2 and that of MMP-2-TIMP-2 complex are lower in squamous cervical carcinoma patients than in healthy women.
Consistency of the Unlimited BIC Context Tree Estimator (2006)

The Bayesian information criterion (BIC) and Krichevsky- Trofimov (KT) version of minimum description length (MDL) principle are popular in the study of model selection. For order estimation of Markov chains, both are known to be strongly consistent when there is an upper-bound on the order. In the unbounded case, the BIC is also known to be consistent, but the KT estimator is consistent only with a bound o(log n) on the order. For context trees, a flexible generalization of Markov models widely used in data processing, the problem is more complicated both in theory and practice, given the substantially higher number of possible candidate models. Imre Csiszar and Zsolt Talata proved the consistency of BIC and KT when the hypothetical tree depths are allowed to grow as o(log n). This correspondence proves that such a restriction is not necessary for finite context sources: the BIC context tree estimator is strongly consistent even if there is no constraint at all on the size of the chosen tree. Moreover, an algorithm computing the tree minimizing the BIC criterion among all context trees in linear time is provided
Electron-Beam Guiding and Phase-Mix Damping by an Electrostatically Charged Wire (1983)

A new and relatively simple method has been developed to focus and guide electron beams without the use of a magnetic field. The scheme relies on the electrostatic charging of a highly resistive wire in the presence of a beam. The beam is then strongly guided and focused by the oppositely charged wire. In addition, the highly anharmonic nature of the wire potential leads to rapid phase-mix damping of transverse beam displacements and radial pulsations.
3‐Nitropropionic Acid Inhibition of Succinate Dehydrogenase (Complex II) Activity in Cultured Chinese Hamster Ovary Cells (2003)

3-Nitropropionic acid (3-NPA) is an inhibitor of the mitochondrial enzyme succinate dehydrogenase (SDH, a part of complex II) that links the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle to the respiratory electron transport chain. 3-NPA inactivates SDH by covalently and irreversibly binding to its active site. We previously examined the effects of 3-NPA on the histochemical activity of SDH in vivo, by using the reduction of a yellow tetrazolium dye (nitro blue tetrazolium) to a blue formazan as an indicator. In studies of cultured cells, the related dye methylthiazoletetrazolium (MTT) has commonly been used as an indicator of the presence and number of viable cells; that is cells that are capable of producing energy via the TCA cycle. Here we observed that doses of 3-NPA as low as 10(-8) M inhibited formazan production in an in vitro model system using CHO cells. This effect was antagonized by l-carnitine, which greatly increased the production of formazan, indicating a considerable improvement in energy production by the cultured cells. CHO cells appear to be a convenient model for the evaluation of therapeutic compounds that may modulate cellular bioenergetics.
Inkjet-Fabricated SERS-Active Swab-Dipstick (2012)

We demonstrate detection of 250 attomoles of Rhodamine 6G using an inkjet-fabricated SERS-active paper-based surface swab-dipstick. The fabrication simplicity and ease of use of this device is unprecedented for SERS-based analytics.
Spectral classification of U ii energy levels using pattern-recognition techniques (1988)

Twenty-four unknown U ii energy levels are classified according to configuration using pattern-recognition methods. The energy level, Land\'e g factor, quantum number J, and $^{234}\mathrm{U}$ isotope shift are used to describe each level. Preliminary results of the prediction of the extent of configuration mixing for low-energy odd levels are presented.
Case report--the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome and isospora belli infection. (1989)

A patient with the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) presenting with isospora belli infection is reported. The difficulties encountered in the diagnosis and therapy of isosporiasis are discussed. The diarrhoea responded to treatment with intravenous fluid replacement and oral furazolidone.
The Spectator: emerging discourses (2005)

The Spectator: Emerging Discourses brings together a distinguished coterie of international scholars who take a fresh look at this influential eighteenth-century English periodical. Taking advantage of the insights provided by such critical perspectives as new historicism, postcolonialism, psychology, postmodernism and cultural studies, and by such theorists as Michel Foucault and Jurgen Habermas, the scholars represented herein offer new insights into The Spectator's relation to the changing society that influenced it - and that it in turn influenced.
Evidence for a role of dipeptidyl peptidase IV in fibronectin-mediated interactions of hepatocytes with extracellular matrix (1989)

Dipeptidyl peptidase IV (DPP IV) is a cell surface glycoprotein which has been implicated in hepatocyte-extracellular matrix interactions [Hixson, DeLourdes, Ponce, Allison & Walborg (1984) Exp. Cell Res. 152, 402-414; Walborg, Tsuchida, Weeden, Thomas, Barrick, McEntire, Allison & Hixson (1985) Exp. Cell Res. 158, 509-518; Hanski, Huhle & Reutter (1985) Biol. Chem. Hoppe-Seyler 366, 1169-1176]. However, its proteolytic substrate(s) and/or binding protein(s) which mediate this influence have not been conclusively identified. Nitrocellulose binding assays using 125I-labelled DPP IV that was purified to homogeneity from rat hepatocytes revealed a direct interaction of DPP IV with fibronectin. Although fibronectin could mediate an indirect binding of DPP IV to collagen, no evidence was found for a direct binding of DPP IV to native or denatured Type I collagen. Fibronectin appeared to bind DPP IV at a site distinct from its exopeptidase substrate recognition site since protease inhibitors such as competitive peptide substrates and phenylmethanesulphonyl fluoride enhanced binding, possibly as a result of an altered conformation of DPP IV. To determine if fibronectin binding to DPP IV is involved in the interaction of fibronectin with the hepatocyte surface, the effect of various DPP IV inhibitors on 125I-fibronectin binding to isolated hepatocytes in suspension was examined. Kinetic studies revealed that inhibitors of DPP IV which enhanced fibronectin binding in vitro accelerated the initial binding of fibronectin to the cell surface where it was subsequently cross-linked (presumably by tissue transglutaminase) to as yet undefined components. Immunolocalization of fibronectin and DPP IV in normal rat liver sections showed that both proteins were present along the hepatocyte sinusoidal membrane. These observations, coupled with previous results showing that DPP IV is tightly bound to biomatrix isolated from rat liver (Hixson et al., 1984; Walborg et al., 1985), suggest that DPP IV binding to fibronectin may play a role in interactions of hepatocytes with extracellular matrix in vivo and possibly in matrix assembly.