gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Face recognition under partial occlusion and noise (2013)

The human face is one of the most popular characteristic which can be used in the biometric security system to identify or verify a user. Face is an acceptable biometric modality because it can be captured from a distance, even without physical contact of the user being identified. Thus the identification or verification does not require cooperation of the user. Recognition systems based on human face are used for a wide variety of applications, due to these benefits. However, the crucial task is still to provide reliable recognition accuracy, but it is a challenging problem under real-world conditions. There have been proposed many methods, but only a few of them are being used in the real-world applications. Even the most recent face recognition algorithms are still facing problems when there is non-ideal imaging, varying illumination, occlusions in the scene or noise of used cameras. We solve these issues within The Next-Generation Hybrid Broadcast Broadband project (HBB-Next) [1]. In this project, we also deal with development of face recognition application, as part of multimodal interface, which will interact with HBB-TV user. In this paper we provide a comparative study of several conventional face recognition methods (PCA a.k.a. Eigenfaces, RBF) and novel kernel methods (KPCA, GDA and SVM) that are suitable to work properly under these conditions. We evaluate the influence of noise and partial occlusion on face recognition accuracy. We are focused on occlusions of eyes and eyebrows as these are the most significant features of a face. Face recognition rates achieved by machine learning methods with accuracy achieved by human perception only are compared. In addition we explore these methods for cases where only a few (up to 4) training samples is available.
Comparison of BST film microwave tunable devices based on (100) and (111) MgO substrates (2010)

We have increased the figure-of-merit (FOM) of a (Ba,Sr)TiO₃ (BST) film microwave tunable device by approximately three times for MgO(111) compared with a MgO(100) substrate at a frequency range of 20 GHz. Differences in permittivity and tunability in a BST film may be closely related to the difference in the film strain. The ratio of calculated permittivities of BST(100) and BST(111) films nearly corresponds to that of the FOM in the microwave range, which was rather unexpected because a higher permittivity leads to both larger tunability and dielectric loss in ferroelectrics. From a series of results, it is suggested that there are additional influences of orientation (other than the direct influence of strain itself) on the tunable properties in BST films especially in the high-frequency region.
Bithiophene−Perfluorobenzene Copolymers (2008)

A series of copolymers of 3,3′-dialkylbithiophenes and tetrafluorobenzene units are reported along with non-fluorinated controls. All are characterized by NMR, gel permeation chromatography, differential scanning calorimetry, optical spectroscopy, and wide-angle X-ray diffraction (WAXD). The fluorine substituents enhance backbone planarity, order, and π-stacking in the solid-state as revealed by optical spectroscopy and WAXD. Peak oxidation potential is also increased by 0.55 V relative to a benchmark polymeric semiconductor, poly(3-hexylthiophene). Head-to-head 3-alkylthiophene linkages do not preclude backbone planarity provided the side chains are not too bulky.
The Impact of a Customer Service Intervention and Facility Design on Firm Performance (1995)

The purpose of this research was to investigate the impact of a customer service intervention and store design on store performance within a regional food retailing chain. A longitudinal study examines the organization’s implementation of a customer service intervention which utilized new service standards and customer feedback mechanisms. Moreover, the chain provided a natural experiment, since the forty-six stores in this chain represented three levels of facility design ranging from the traditional supermarket to the extended “store of the future” format. A theoretical model relating the customer service intervention, variations in store design, and customer satisfaction to sales performance was developed. Using both operational performance data from each of the stores and 1,537 responses from customer satisfaction surveys, a LISREL model was used to test the predictive fit of the model. The results indicate that both the store design and the customer service intervention had a significant, positive impact on customer satisfaction which, in turn, significantly affected sales performance (sales per labor hour). In addition, the customer service intervention had a direct effect on sales performance, although there was no support for a direct relationship between store design and sales performance. This research provides a theoretical basis in helping management understand how to leverage customer service for improved sales performance.
Steady-State Analysis of Interaction Between Harmonic Components of Arm and Line Quantities of Modular Multilevel Converters (2011)

The fundamental frequency component in the arm currents of a modular multilevel converter is a necessity for the operation of the converter, as is the connection and bypassing of the submodules. Inevitably, this will cause alternating components in the capacitor voltages. This paper investigates how the arm currents and capacitor voltages interact when the submodules are connected and bypassed in a sinusoidal manner. Equations that describe the circulating current that is caused by the variations in the total inserted voltage are derived. Resonant frequencies are identified and the resonant behaviour is verified by experimental results. It is also found that the effective values of the arm resistance and submodule capacitances can be extracted from the measurements by least square fitting of the analytical expressions to the measured values. Finally, the analytical expression for the arm currents is verified by experimental results.
A software WiMAX medium access control layer using massively multithreaded processors (2010)

<para xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> This paper presents a multithreaded software implementation of the Worldwide Interoperability for Microwave Access (WiMAX™) medium-access control (MAC) layer and its performance results on massively multithreaded (MMT) systems. The primary design goals of the implementation are to support the high WiMAX data rates, seamlessly scale with the number of available hardware threads, and provide per-flow guaranteed services. Our experimental results demonstrate that multithreading can be exploited to meet the high data rates of WiMAX and thus validate the IBM wire-speed processor MMT chip as a suitable platform for building WiMAX network appliances. The implementation consists of separate threads in the data and control planes, and thread coordination through concurrent data structures to enable multithreading in both the uplink and downlink data paths. </para>
Optical Microcavities and Selectively Oxidized Vertical-Cavity Surface-Emitting Lasers (2000)

Early work on the vertical-cavity surface-emitting laser (VCSEL) can be traced chronologically to 1979 and a paper by Soda, Iga, Kitahara, and Suematsu [1]. In that paper the authors describe an InGaAsP/InP laser with a cavity normal to the crystal growth surface using one mirror formed directly on the epitaxial crystal surface, and a second formed on the opposite sideof the InP substrate. While the cavity design was novel as compared to the established edge-emitting lasers, the initial device performance was so poor in terms of the high threshold current density and low output power that it apparently attracted little attention. Continued work by Iga and various coworkers, however, showed continuous improvements in performance, eventually leading to the first continuous wave VCSEL operation reported in 1988 [2]. By that time other important innovations and demonstrations had brought growing attention to the VCSEL. Probably the most important was the development of the high reflectivity semiconductor distributed Bragg reflectors (DBRs) [3,4] made possible with the advancing crystal growth techniques of molecular beam epitaxy (MBE) and metal organic chemical vapor deposition. The semiconductor DBRs were incorporated into optically pumped VCSELs by Gourley and coworkers at Sandia National Laboratories, reported in 1987 [5-7]. Similar AlAs/GaAs DBRs grown by MBE played a critical role in the AT&T Bell Laboratories-Bellcore joint demonstration of the all epitaxial, current injection VCSEL in 1989 [8 ].
A preliminary study of the pseudo-capacitance features of strontium doped lanthanum manganite (2014)

Strontium doped lanthanum manganite shows a pseduo-capacitance of 56 F g<sup>−1</sup> at a scanning rate of 2 mV s<sup>−1</sup>.
Deep learning in the construction industry: A review of present status and future innovations (2020)

The construction industry is known to be overwhelmed with resource planning, risk management and logistic challenges which often result in design defects, project delivery delays, cost overruns and contractual disputes. These challenges have instigated research in the application of advanced machine learning algorithms such as deep learning to help with diagnostic and prescriptive analysis of causes and preventive measures. However, the publicity created by tech firms like Google, Facebook and Amazon about Artificial Intelligence and applications to unstructured data is not the end of the field. There abound many applications of deep learning, particularly within the construction sector in areas such as site planning and management, health and safety and construction cost prediction, which are yet to be explored. The overall aim of this article was to review existing studies that have applied deep learning to prevalent construction challenges like structural health monitoring, construction site safety, building occupancy modelling and energy demand prediction. To the best of our knowledge, there is currently no extensive survey of the applications of deep learning techniques within the construction industry. This review would inspire future research into how best to apply image processing, computer vision, natural language processing techniques of deep learning to numerous challenges in the industry. Limitations of deep learning such as the black box challenge, ethics and GDPR, cybersecurity and cost, that can be expected by construction researchers and practitioners when adopting some of these techniques were also discussed.
LEDs challenge the incandescents (1992)

Past, present, and future developments in the field of light-emitting diode (LED) chips are discussed. It is argued that the performance of AlGaAs has enabled LEDs to penetrate markets requiring high flux and/or low power consumption and that AlInGaP technology, which yields high performance from red-orange to green, will accelerate the use of LEDs in new applications. Emerging blue devices and recent ZnSe developments which suggest that blue performance comparable to AlGaAs and AlInGaP may be possible are described. The development of an adequate blue device would permit the fabrication of full-color, large-area, sunlight-viewable, flat-panel displays.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
MicroRNAs and cancer: past, present, and potential future (2008)

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are a class of small RNAs that have revealed a new level of gene regulation in the cell. After being processed by Drosha and Dicer RNase III endonucleases, mature miRNAs can inhibit the translation of mRNA by directing a RNA-induced silencing complex (RISC) to the target mRNA. miRNAs are making an impact in our understanding of cancer biology. Acting as either tumor suppressors or oncogenes, miRNAs regulate several genes known to play important roles in cancer. With the discovery of miRNAs comes the need for new techniques to study their activity. Bioinformatic tools can be used to predict mRNA targets of miRNA, but validation of miRNA regulation of predicted targets is imperative. miRNAs are differentially expressed in normal and tumor cells as well as between tumor subtypes. These differences may be useful as prognostic and predictive markers in cancer patients. The study of miRNAs holds much promise for improving diagnosis and treatment of cancer.
Double articulation analyzer for unsegmented human motion using Pitman-Yor language model and infinite hidden Markov model (2011)

We propose an unsupervised double articulation analyzer for human motion data. Double articulation is a two-layered hierarchical structure underlying in natural language, human motion and other natural data produced by human. A double articulation analyzer estimates the hidden structure of observed data by segmenting and chunking target data. We develop a double articulation analyzer by using a sticky hierarchical Dirichlet process HMM (sticky HDP-HMM), a nonparametric Bayesian model, and an unsupervised morphological analysis based on nested Pitman-Yor language model which can chunk given documents without any dictionaries. We conducted an experiment to evaluate this method. The proposed method could extract unit motions from unsegmented human motion data by analyzing hidden double articulation structure.
Constraint identification for timing verification (2002)

A novel set of algorithms are presented to deduce timing constraints from a set of transistors. The algorithms are robust, extremely fast, and work well on a very wide variety of full-custom design styles. Furthermore, they include glitch-based timing checks: a novel class of constraints which, though vital for correct circuit function, has not been extensively treated in the CAD literature. These algorithms have been incorporated into a full-custom timing verifier, NTV.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Unlocking the secrets to protein–protein interface drug targets using structural mass spectrometry techniques (2015)

Protein-protein interactions (PPIs) drive all biologic systems at the subcellular and extracellular level. Changes in the specificity and affinity of these interactions can lead to cellular malfunctions and disease. Consequently, the binding interfaces between interacting protein partners are important drug targets for the next generation of therapies that block such interactions. Unfortunately, protein-protein contact points have proven to be very difficult pharmacological targets because they are hidden within complex 3D interfaces. For the vast majority of characterized binary PPIs, the specific amino acid sequence of their close contact regions remains unknown. There has been an important need for an experimental technology that can rapidly reveal the functionally important contact points of native protein complexes in solution. In this review, experimental techniques employing mass spectrometry to explore protein interaction binding sites are discussed. Hydrogen-deuterium exchange, hydroxyl radical footprinting, crosslinking and the newest technology protein painting are compared and contrasted.
Proton Therapy Physics. (2013)

Proton Therapy Physics., Paganetti H., CRC Press, Taylor & Francis Group, Boca Raton, FL, 2012. 704 pp. Price: $129.95. ISBN: 9781439836446 (hardcover).
GRL-0920, an Indole Chloropyridinyl Ester, Completely Blocks SARS-CoV-2 Infection (2020)

We assessed various newly generated compounds that target the main protease (M<sup>pro</sup>) of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) and various previously known compounds reportedly active against SARS-CoV-2, employing RNA quantitative PCR (RNA-qPCR), cytopathicity assays, and immunocytochemistry. Here, we show that two indole-chloropyridinyl-ester derivatives, GRL-0820 and GRL-0920, exerted potent activity against SARS-CoV-2 in cell-based assays performed using VeroE6 cells and TMPRSS2-overexpressing VeroE6 cells. While GRL-0820 and the nucleotide analog remdesivir blocked SARS-CoV-2 infection, viral breakthrough occurred. No significant anti-SARS-CoV-2 activity was found for several compounds reportedly active against SARS-CoV-2 such as lopinavir, nelfinavir, nitazoxanide, favipiravir, and hydroxychroloquine. In contrast, GRL-0920 exerted potent activity against SARS-CoV-2 (50% effective concentration [EC<sub>50</sub>] = 2.8 μM) and dramatically reduced the infectivity, replication, and cytopathic effect of SARS-CoV-2 without significant toxicity as examined with immunocytochemistry. Structural modeling shows that indole and chloropyridinyl of the derivatives interact with two catalytic dyad residues of M<sup>pro</sup>, Cys145 and His41, resulting in covalent bonding, which was verified using high-performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (HPLC/MS), suggesting that the indole moiety is critical for the anti-SARS-CoV-2 activity of the derivatives. GRL-0920 might serve as a potential therapeutic for coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) and might be optimized to generate more-potent anti-SARS-CoV-2 compounds.<b>IMPORTANCE</b> Targeting the main protease (M<sup>pro</sup>) of SARS-CoV-2, we identified two indole-chloropyridinyl-ester derivatives, GRL-0820 and GRL-0920, active against SARS-CoV-2, employing RNA-qPCR and immunocytochemistry and show that the two compounds exerted potent activity against SARS-CoV-2. While GRL-0820 and remdesivir blocked SARS-CoV-2 infection, viral breakthrough occurred as examined with immunocytochemistry. In contrast, GRL-0920 completely blocked the infectivity and cytopathic effect of SARS-CoV-2 without significant toxicity. Structural modeling showed that indole and chloropyridinyl of the derivatives interacted with two catalytic dyad residues of M<sup>pro</sup>, Cys145 and His41, resulting in covalent bonding, which was verified using HPLC/MS. The present data should shed light on the development of therapeutics for COVID-19, and optimization of GRL-0920 based on the present data is essential to develop more-potent anti-SARS-CoV-2 compounds for treating COVID-19.
Structure and properties of semiinterpenetrating polymer networks based on polyurethane and nitrochitosan (2001)

Abstract Two semiinterpenetrating polymer networks (semi‐IPNs) based on trihydroxyl methylpropane–polyurethane (T‐PU) or castor oil–polyurethane (C‐PU) were prepared by curing the mixed solution of the polyurethane prepolymer and nitrochitosan (NCH). During the curing process, crosslinking and grafting reaction between the molecules of the PU prepolymer and NCH occurred, because of the high reactivity of remaining hydroxyl groups in the NCH with NCO groups of PU. The structure of the original semi‐IPN sheets and the sheets treated with acetone were studied by infrared, 13 C‐NMR, scanning electron microscopy, and dynamic mechanical analysis, showing interpenetration of NCH molecules into the PU networks. When nitrochitosan content (C NCH ) was lower than 10 wt %, the semi‐IPN sheets T‐PU and C‐PU had higher density and tensile strength (σ b ) than the systems with C NCH more than 20%. The trihydroxymethyl propane‐based PU reacted more readily with nitrochitosan to form the semi‐IPNs than castor oil‐based PU. The semi‐IPN coatings T‐PU and C‐PU were used to coat cellophane, resulting in intimate interfacial bonding. The mechanical strength and water resistivity of the cellophane coated with T‐PU coating were improved remarkably. © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 82: 3109–3117, 2001
TRAIL-R deficiency in mice promotes susceptibility to chronic inflammation and tumorigenesis (2008)

Preclinical data support the potential of the death-signaling receptors for TRAIL as targets for cancer therapy. However, it is unclear whether these death-signaling receptors suppress the emergence and growth of malignant tumors in vivo. Herein we show that TNF-related apoptosis-inducing ligand receptor (TRAIL-R), the only proapoptotic death-signaling receptor for TRAIL in the mouse, suppresses inflammation and tumorigenesis. Loss of a single TRAIL-R allele on the lymphoma-prone Emu-myc genetic background significantly reduced median lymphoma-free survival. TRAIL-R-deficient lymphomas developed with equal frequency irrespective of mono- or biallelic loss of TRAIL-R, had increased metastatic potential, and showed apoptotic defects relative to WT littermates. In addition, TRAIL-R-/- mice showed decreased long-term survival following a sublethal dose of ionizing radiation. Histological evaluation of moribund irradiated TRAIL-R-/- animals showed hallmarks of bronchopneumonia as well as tumor formation with increased NF-kappaB p65 expression. TRAIL-R also suppressed diethylnitrosamine-induced (DEN-induced) hepatocarcinogenesis, as an increased number of large tumors with apoptotic defects developed in the livers of DEN-treated TRAIL-R-/- mice. Thus TRAIL-R may function as an inflammation and tumor suppressor in multiple tissues in vivo.
Adenosine Primes the Opening of Mitochondrial ATP-Sensitive Potassium Channels (2000)

Our results support the hypothesis that adenosine receptor activation primes the opening of mitochondrial K(ATP) channels in a protein kinase C-dependent manner. The findings provide tangible links among various key elements in the preconditioning cascade.
Heart Failure in Cardiomyopathies: A Position Paper from the Heart Failure Association of the European Society of Cardiology (2019)

Cardiomyopathies are a heterogeneous group of heart muscle diseases and an important cause of heart failure (HF). Current knowledge on incidence, pathophysiology and natural history of HF in cardiomyopathies is limited, and distinct features of their therapeutic responses have not been systematically addressed. Therefore, this position paper focuses on epidemiology, pathophysiology, natural history and latest developments in treatment of HF in patients with dilated (DCM), hypertrophic (HCM) and restrictive (RCM) cardiomyopathies. In DCM, HF with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF) has high incidence and prevalence and represents the most frequent cause of death, despite improvements in treatment. In addition, advanced HF in DCM is one of the leading indications for heart transplantation. In HCM, HF with preserved ejection (HFpEF) affects most patients with obstructive, and ∼10% of patients with non-obstructive HCM. A timely treatment is important, since development of advanced HF, although rare in HCM, portends a poor prognosis. In RCM, HFpEF is common, while HFrEF occurs later and more frequently in amyloidosis or iron overload/haemochromatosis. Irrespective of RCM aetiology, HF is a harbinger of a poor outcome. Recent advances in our understanding of the mechanisms underlying the development of HF in cardiomyopathies have significant implications for therapeutic decision-making. In addition, new aetiology-specific treatment options (e.g. enzyme replacement therapy, transthyretin stabilizers, immunoadsorption, immunotherapy, etc.) have shown a potential to improve outcomes. Still, causative therapies of many cardiomyopathies are lacking, highlighting the need for the development of effective strategies to prevent and treat HF in cardiomyopathies.