gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Design of MRAM based logic circuits and its applications (2011)

As the fabrication technology node shrinks down to 90nm or below, high standby power becomes one of the major critical issues for CMOS logic circuits due to the high leakage currents. A number of non-volatile storage technologies such as FRAM, MRAM, PCRAM and RRAM and so on, are under investigation to bring the non-volatility into the logic circuits and then eliminate completely the standby power issue. Thanks to its infinite endurance, high switching/sensing speed and easy 3D integration after CMOS process, MRAM is considered as the most promising one. Numerous logic circuits based on MRAM technology have been proposed and prototyped in the last years. In this paper, we present an overview and current status of these logic circuits and their potential applications in the future.
Emerging topic detection for organizations from microblogs (2013)

Microblog services have emerged as an essential way to strengthen the communications among individuals and organizations. These services promote timely and active discussions and comments towards products, markets as well as public events, and have attracted a lot of attentions from organizations. In particular, emerging topics are of immediate concerns to organizations since they signal current concerns of, and feedback by their users. Two challenges must be tackled for effective emerging topic detection. One is the problem of real-time relevant data collection and the other is the ability to model the emerging characteristics of detected topics and identify them before they become hot topics. To tackle these challenges, we first design a novel scheme to crawl the relevant messages related to the designated organization by monitoring multi-aspects of microblog content, including users, the evolving keywords and their temporal sequence. We then develop an incremental clustering framework to detect new topics, and employ a range of content and temporal features to help in promptly detecting hot emerging topics. Extensive evaluations on a representative real-world dataset based on Twitter data demonstrate that our scheme is able to characterize emerging topics well and detect them before they become hot topics.
Plasma-enhanced chemical vapor deposition of amorphous carbon molecular sieve membranes for gas separation (2016)

Amorphous carbon membranes were successfully synthesized onto a SiO<sub>2</sub>–ZrO<sub>2</sub>/α-Al<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> nanoporous substrate <italic>via</italic> plasma-enhanced chemical vapor deposition (PECVD) at room temperature.
Retelling Nature: Realism and the Postcolonial-Environmental Imaginary in Amitav Ghosh’s The Hungry Tide (2015)

Placing itself at the interface of ecocriticism and postcolonial studies, this article seeks to explore how the realist narrative of the “environmental imaginary” acts as a conduit for multiple overlapping accounts of colonialism in Amitav Ghosh’s novel The Hungry Tide. The novel explores the lived praxis of decolonization, wherein a shared experience of the landscape offers its characters the agency to contour the gap between human and non-human, indigenous and scientific knowledge, Hindu-majoritarian citizenship and displaced refugees (from Bangladesh). The literary post-colonial novel thus offers us a meditation (and mediation) of the most challenging environmental and political questions of our times, renewing both the novel-form, as well as allowing a dramatic imaging, as well as critique, of environmental discourse (both state and subaltern). This article examines the narrative techniques of realism, historical fiction, myth, intertextuality, and linguistic texture that best express the heterogeneity of the post-colonial moment in The Hungry Tide.
Formation of Catalytic Silver Nanoparticles Supported on Branched Polyethyleneimine Derivatives (2010)

A new and straightforward method for screening highly catalytically active silver nanoparticle-polymer composites derived from branched polyethyleneimine (PEI) is reported. The one-step systematic derivatization of the PEI scaffold with alkyl (butyl or octyl) and ethanolic groups led to a structural diversity correlated to the stabilization of silver nanoparticles and catalysis. Analysis of PEI derivative libraries identified a silver nanoparticle-polymer composite that was able to efficiently catalyze the p-nitrophenol reduction by NaBH(4) in water with a rate constant normalized to the surface area of the nanoparticles per unit volume (k(1)) of 0.57 s(-1) m(-2) L. Carried out in the presence of excess NaBH(4), the catalytic reaction was observed to follow pseudo-first-order kinetics and the apparent rate constant was linearly dependent on the total surface area of the silver nanoparticles (Ag-NPs), indicating that catalysis takes place on the surface of the nanoparticles. All reaction kinetics presented induction periods, which were dependent on the concentration of substrates, the total surface of the nanoparticles, and the polymer composition. All data indicated that this induction time is related to the resistance to substrate diffusion through the polymer support. Hydrophobic effects are also assumed to play an important role in the catalysis, through an increase in the local substrate concentration.
A Bottom-Up Approach Based on Semantics for the Interpretation of the Main Camera Stream in Soccer Games (2018)

Automatic interpretation of sports games is a major challenge, especially when these sports feature complex players organizations and game phases. This paper describes a bottom-up approach based on the extraction of semantic features from the video stream of the main camera in the particular case of soccer using scene-specific techniques. In our approach, all the features, ranging from the pixel level to the game event level, have a semantic meaning. First, we design our own scene-specific deep learning semantic segmentation network and hue histogram analysis to extract pixel-level semantics for the field, players, and lines. These pixel-level semantics are then processed to compute interpretative semantic features which represent characteristics of the game in the video stream that are exploited to interpret soccer. For example, they correspond to how players are distributed in the image or the part of the field that is filmed. Finally, we show how these interpretative semantic features can be used to set up and train a semantic-based decision tree classifier for major game events with a restricted amount of training data. The main advantages of our semantic approach are that it only requires the video feed of the main camera to extract the semantic features, with no need for camera calibration, field homography, player tracking, or ball position estimation. While the automatic interpretation of sports games remains challenging, our approach allows us to achieve promising results for the semantic feature extraction and for the classification between major soccer game events such as attack, goal or goal opportunity, defense, and middle game.
Approach for Full Field Scale Smart Well Modeling and Optimization (2011)

Abstract Smart (or intelligent) well is a well equipped with downhole sensors and downhole valves to control fluid inflow from the separated perforated intervals towards well, in real-time mode and without well interventions, to optimize production. The advantages of smart wells can be briefly comprised in the following four points: reduction of operational expenses;increased oil production;improved oil recovery;mitigation of the geological uncertainty impact on the project performance. But disadvantages of smart well technology, that derive from its technical complexity, restrict a scale of its deployment. These disadvantages can be summarized as follows: High cost;Risk of the valves and sensors failures; Thus, three questions must be addressed while screening possible smart well deployment: How to estimate the value added by smart completion?How to control smart well completions in order to gain the maximal effect?How to estimate possible losses in production due to ICV failures? A lot of publications were addressed to these problems in recent years. Majority of researchers used reservoir simulation as the main tool. Within the frameworks of such a concept a reservoir model impersonated both a real field and its reservoir model and was used for optimization. This work, on the one hand, partly adopts these approaches and, on the other hand, suggests the optimization strategy in full field scale based on subdivision of the initial big task into several ones with smaller dimension that require less time for the evaluation. Optimization routine is based on using commercial reservoir simulator coupled with Matlab-based program controller that optimizes downhole valve settings by using Direct Search optimization routine and imitates valves failures. The introduced optimization routine has been tested on multiple realizations of generic reservoir model always showing good performance and the added value.
System modelling and control (1978)

Mathematical description of system components * Transient response of systems * System simulation * State space representation and analysis * Frequency response of systems * Statistical methods for system identification * Feedback systems - accuracy and stability * The root locus method * The sampled-data process * Design of closed loop systems * Nonlinearities and dead time * Case studies * Index.
Cannabinoids and Neurodegenerative Diseases (2009)

Although significant advances have taken place in recent years on our understanding of the molecular mechanisms of different neurodegenerative diseases, its translation into effective therapeutic treatments has not been as successful as could be expected. There is still a dramatic lack of curative treatments for the most frequent disorders and only symptomatic relief for many others. Under this perspective, the search for novel therapeutic approaches is demanding and significant attention and efforts have been directed to studying additional neurotransmission systems including the endocannabinoid system (ECS). The neuroprotective properties of exogenous as well as endogenous cannabinoids have been known for years and the underlying molecular mechanisms have been recently unveiled. As discussed later, antioxidative, antiglutamatergic and antiinflammatory effects are now recognized as derived from cannabinoid action and are known to be of common interest for many neurodegenerative processes. Thus, these characteristics make cannabinoids attractive candidates for the development of novel therapeutic strategies [1]. The present review will focus on the existing data regarding the possible usefulness of cannabinoid agents for the treatment of relevant neurological pathologies for our society such as Alzheimer's disease, multiple sclerosis, Huntington's disease and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis.
Effectiveness of a correlated multiple sampling differential averager for reducing 1/f noise (2005)

Correlated multiple sampling differential averaging (CMS-DA) is useful for realizing low-noise column readout circuits in CMOS image sensors. CMS-DA involves sampling the signal and reset levels multiple times and differentiating the averages. In other words, this method is like averaging of correlated double sampling (CDS) for the multiple sampling of signal and reset levels. This paper analyzes the effectiveness of CMS-DA for reducing 1/f noise and the analysis is in good agreement with time-domain simulations.
Xetal: a low-power high-performance smart camera processor (2002)

Xetal is a digital signal processor to be combined with a 30 frames per second VGA-format CMOS or CCD image sensor or any other source of digital video data. The processor is fully programmable and therefore able to run a variety of algorithms ranging from image communication to machine vision. Xetal comprises a parallel processor array and a special purpose controller to achieve high computational performances (up to 5 GOPS) with a very modest power consumption. This can go down to 30 mW for simple applications such as a digital camera for video conferencing. The Xetal chip has been realized in a 0.18 /spl mu/m CMOS process and takes up an area of 25 mm/sup 2/.
In vivo calibration of esophageal pressure in the mechanically ventilated patient makes measurements reliable (2016)

Under mechanical ventilation, an increase of balloon filling above the conventionally recommended low volumes warrants complete transmission of Pes swings, but is associated with significant elevation of baseline. A simple calibration procedure allows finding the filling volume associated with the best transmission of tidal Pes change and subtracting the associated baseline artifact, thus making measurement of absolute values of Pes reliable.
The arrhythmogenic consequences of increasing late INa in the cardiomyocyte (2013)

This review presents the roles of cardiac sodium channel NaV1.5 late current (late INa) in generation of arrhythmic activity. The assumption of the authors is that proper Na(+) channel function is necessary to the maintenance of the transmembrane electrochemical gradient of Na(+) and regulation of cardiac electrical activity. Myocyte Na(+) channels' openings during the brief action potential upstroke contribute to peak INa and initiate excitation-contraction coupling. Openings of Na(+) channels outside the upstroke contribute to late INa, a depolarizing current that persists throughout the action potential plateau. The small, physiological late INa does not appear to be critical for normal electrical or contractile function in the heart. Late INa does, however, reduce the net repolarizing current, prolongs action potential duration, and increases cellular Na(+) loading. An increase of late INa, due to acquired conditions (e.g. heart failure) or inherited Na(+) channelopathies, facilitates the formation of early and delayed afterpolarizations and triggered arrhythmias, spontaneous diastolic depolarization, and cellular Ca(2+) loading. These in turn increase the spatial and temporal dispersion of repolarization time and may lead to reentrant arrhythmias.
Binary phase masks for easy system alignment and basic aberration sensing with spatial light modulators in STED microscopy (2017)

The use of binary phase patterns to improve the integration and optimization of spatial light modulators (SLM) in an imaging system, especially a confocal microscope, is proposed and demonstrated. The phase masks were designed to create point spread functions (PSF), which exhibit specific sensitivity to major disturbances in the optical system. This allows direct evaluation of misalignment and fundamental aberration modes by simple visual inspection of the focal intensity distribution or by monitoring the central intensity of the PSF. The use of proposed phase masks is investigated in mathematical modelling and experiment for the use in a stimulated emission depletion (STED) microscope applying wavefront shaping by a SLM. We demonstrate the applicability of these phase masks for modal wavefront sensing of low order aberration modes up to the third order of Zernike polynomials, utilizing the point detector of a confocal microscope in a 'guide star' approach. A lateral resolution of ~25 nm is shown in STED imaging of the confocal microscope retrofitted with a SLM and a STED laser and binary phase mask based system optimization.
Lipophilic Analogs of Thioflavin S as Novel Amyloid-Imaging Agents (2006)

Lipophilic analogs of thioflavin S were synthesized and radiolabeled with positron or single photon emitting radionuclides. The binding affinity for Abeta was evaluated using isolated amyloid fibrils from human brain tissue. Binding specificity was assessed using fluorescent tissue staining. In vivo brain uptake was evaluated in mice. Following synthesis, neutral analogs of thioflavin S capable of radiolabeling with (11)C or (125)I, were found to bind isolated human Abeta with affinities in the nanomolar range. Fluorescent tissue staining showed selective binding to Abeta deposits in vitro. Biodistribution of selected compounds displayed high brain permeability at early time points. At later points, the compounds were cleared from the normal brain, indicating low non-specific binding in vivo. These studies indicated that novel amyloid imaging probes can be developed based on thioflavin S that readily entered the brain and selectively bound to Abeta deposits and neurofibrilary tangles. Potential applications of these amyloid binding agents include facilitating drug screening in animal models and use as in vivo markers of early and definitive diagnosis of AD.
BRAF mutations in an Italian cohort of thyroid cancers (2004)

In conclusion, the present study on the first Italian series of thyroid cancers shows a frequency of 38.3% of BRAF(V599E) in the classical variant of PTC, confirming the key role of this mutation in promoting tumourigenesis.
Efficient content distribution for peer-to-peer overlays on mobile ad hoc networks (2011)

Peer-to-peer (P2P) networks existing on a MANET are a natural evolution since both are decentralized and have dynamic topologies. As MANETs grow in use due to the increasing popularity of wireless mesh and 4G networks, it is expected that P2P applications will remain as a popular means of obtaining files. Network coding has been shown as an efficient means of sharing large files in a P2P network. With network coding, all file blocks have the same relative importance. This paper presents an efficient content distribution scheme that uses network coding to share large files in a P2P overlay running on a MANET. Peers request file blocks from multiple server nodes and servers multicast blocks to multiple receivers, providing efficient multipoint-to-multipoint communication. Simulation results show that compared to other common download techniques, the proposed scheme performs very well, having lower download time and energy consumption. Also, more peers participate in uploading the file, resulting in greater fairness.
Drug Discovery in the Next Millennium (2000)

Selection and validation of novel molecular targets have become of paramount importance in light of the plethora of new potential therapeutic drug targets that have emerged from human gene sequencing. In response to this revolution within the pharmaceutical industry, the development of high-throughput methods in both biology and chemistry has been necessitated. This review addresses these technological advances as well as several new areas that have been created by necessity to deal with this new paradigm, such as bioinformatics, cheminformatics, and functional genomics. With many of these key components of future drug discovery now in place, it is possible to map out a critical path for this process that will be used into the new millennium.
Role of Cell and Matrix-Bound VEGF Isoforms in Lens Development (2009)

Abnormalities in ocular development in VEGF120/120 mice suggest a role for VEGF not only in the formation of ocular vascular beds but also in the differentiation of the lens itself.
Fuzzy approaches for robust job shop rescheduling (2010)

This paper considers a complex real world job shop rescheduling problem, in which jobs with different levels of urgency arrive every day in the shop floor and they need to be integrated in the existent schedule. A fuzzy scheduling system is responsible for inserting idle times on machines in order to produce initial robust schedules; and a rescheduling system which uses match-up approaches accommodates the newly arriving jobs. The main goal is to investigate the performance of this combined system when the arriving jobs are either rush orders or regular ones. Our results and statistical analysis show that a robust initial schedule combined with match-up rescheduling lead to higher quality and more reliable schedules even when jobs with different urgency levels arrive in a dynamic and uncertain shop floor.
The Ced-3/Interleukin 1β Converting Enzyme-like Homolog Mch6 and the Lamin-cleaving Enzyme Mch2α Are Substrates for the Apoptotic Mediator CPP32 (1996)

Recent evidence suggests that CPP32 is an essential component of an aspartate-specific cysteine protease (ASCP) cascade responsible for apoptosis execution in mammalian cells. Activation of CPP32 could lead to activation of other downstream ASCPs, resulting in late morphological changes such as lamin cleavage and DNA fragmentation, observed in cells undergoing apoptosis. Here we describe the identification and cloning of a novel human ASCP named Mch6 from Jurkat T lymphocytes. We demonstrate that the pro-enzymes of Mch6 and the lamin-cleaving enzyme Mch2alpha are substrates for mature CPP32. Site-directed mutagenesis revealed that CPP32 processes pro-Mch6 preferentially at Asp330 to generate two subunits of molecular masses 37 kDa (p37) and 10 kDa (p10). However, CPP32 processes pro-Mch2alpha at three aspartate processing sites (Asp23, Asp179, and Asp193) to produce the large (p18) and small (p11) subunits of the mature Mch2alpha enzyme. The CPP32-processed Mch2alpha is capable of cleaving the VEIDN lamin cleavage site, indicating that CPP32 can, in fact, activate pro-Mch2alpha. Granzyme B at a concentration that allows processing and activation of CPP32 failed to process pro-Mch2alpha. However, incubation of pro-Mch2alpha with granzyme B in the presence of a cellular extract containing pro-CPP32 resulted in activation of pro-CPP32 and subsequent processing of pro-Mch2alpha. Interestingly, granzyme B can also process pro-Mch6 but at a site N-terminal to that cleaved by CPP32. These data suggest that Mch2alpha and Mch6 are downstream proteases activated in CPP32- and granzyme B-mediated apoptosis. This is the first demonstration of a protease cascade involving granzyme B, CPP32, Mch2alpha, and Mch6 and evidence that the lamin-cleaving enzyme Mch2 is a target of mature CPP32.
Toward a Comprehensive Phylogeny for Mammalian and Avian Herpesviruses (2000)

With the aim of deriving a definitive phylogenetic tree for as many mammalian and avian herpesvirus species as possible, alignments were made of amino acid sequences from eight conserved and ubiquitously present genes of herpesviruses, with 48 virus species each represented by at least one gene. Phylogenetic trees for both single-gene and concatenated alignments were evaluated thoroughly by maximum-likelihood methods, with each of the three herpesvirus subfamilies (the Alpha-, Beta-, and Gammaherpesvirinae) examined independently. Composite trees were constructed starting with the top-scoring tree based on the broadest set of genes and supplemented by addition of virus species from trees based on narrower gene sets, to give finally a 46-species tree; branching order for three regions within the tree remained unresolved. Sublineages of the Alpha- and Betaherpesvirinae showed extensive cospeciation with host lineages by criteria of congruence in branching patterns and consistency in extent of divergence. The Gammaherpesvirinae presented a more complex picture, with both higher and lower substitution rates in different sublineages. The final tree obtained represents the most detailed view to date of phylogenetic relationships in any family of large-genome viruses.
Formation Process of Crystalline Ammonium Yttrium Carbonate Double Salt (2000)

The research was mainly based on the formation condition of crystalline ammoniu yttrium carbonate and the variation characteristics of PH value during the crystallization in which NH4HCO3 was used to precipitate yttrium ion. It is found that the crystallization process is always associated with the descent of pH. The pH of solution is controlled by the crystallization reaction of ammonium yttrium carbonate and the hydrolysis of NH4HCO3. Based on the pH variation, it can be judged whether the crystallization reaction occurs or not and the speed and the degree of crystallinity can be deterolfned. The precipitates were characterized by X- ray powder diffraction and differential thermal -thermogravimetric analysis. The results show that the crystallization is the process of NH4Y(CO3)2 formation and it is effected by feed ratio and feed method.