gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Expression and relationship between topoisomerase I and II alpha genes in tumor and normal tissues in esophageal, gastric and colon cancers. (2000)

DNA topoisomerases are known to be nuclear enzymes that are important targets of topoisomerase I (topo I) and topoisomerase II (topo II) inhibitors in cancer chemotherapy. We investigated the mRNA expression of topo I and topo II alpha genes as assessed by northern blot analysis in tumor and the adjacent normal tissues of esophageal, gastric and colon cancers. The surgical specimens consisted of 18 tumor tissues and the adjacent normal tissues including 6 esophageal cancers, 6 gastric cancers and 6 colon cancers. We found that the mRNA expression of topo I gene was not significantly different between tumor and normal tissues in 18 surgical specimens, whereas the mRNA expression of topo II alpha gene in the all types of tumors was significantly higher than that of the adjacent normal tissues. Furthermore, the mRNA expression of topo II alpha gene in tumor and adjacent normal tissues was correlated with the S-phase population in cell cycle. Of great importance was the significant relationship between mRNA expression of topo I and topo II alpha genes in tumor and normal tissues was found in esophageal and colon cancers (p < 0.05), except in gastric cancers. These results indicate that the rationale in tumor specific chemotherapy with topo II inhibitors was based on the finding of its higher expression of topo II alpha gene in tumors than that of normal tissues, an important target of topo II inhibitors, and suggest that the sequential chemotherapy targeting topo I and topo II enzymes by modulating topo II alpha expression by topo I inhibitors might be more effective in esophageal and colon cancers, in terms of their relationship between topo I and topo II alpha expression in tumor cells.
Lamellipodin and the Scar/WAVE complex cooperate to promote cell migration in vivo (2013)

Cell migration is essential for development, but its deregulation causes metastasis. The Scar/WAVE complex is absolutely required for lamellipodia and is a key effector in cell migration, but its regulation in vivo is enigmatic. Lamellipodin (Lpd) controls lamellipodium formation through an unknown mechanism. Here, we report that Lpd directly binds active Rac, which regulates a direct interaction between Lpd and the Scar/WAVE complex via Abi. Consequently, Lpd controls lamellipodium size, cell migration speed, and persistence via Scar/WAVE in vitro. Moreover, Lpd knockout mice display defective pigmentation because fewer migrating neural crest-derived melanoblasts reach their target during development. Consistently, Lpd regulates mesenchymal neural crest cell migration cell autonomously in Xenopus laevis via the Scar/WAVE complex. Further, Lpd's Drosophila melanogaster orthologue Pico binds Scar, and both regulate collective epithelial border cell migration. Pico also controls directed cell protrusions of border cell clusters in a Scar-dependent manner. Taken together, Lpd is an essential, evolutionary conserved regulator of the Scar/WAVE complex during cell migration in vivo.
Computational models of the circle of Willis and the visibility of small cerebral arteries [in MRI] (2002)

The application of Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) to model biological flows is quite a recent one. This study presents a CFD model of the circle of Willis developed to simulate the human cerebrovascular tree. Specifically, we aim to show how smaller arteries, often not visible by nonintrusive MR studies, can be detected by making use of the results obtained from the computer simulation.
Ion nitriding of titanium and zirconium by a dc-glow discharge method (1978)

Nitrided surfaces of titanium and zirconium were prepared by operating a dc-glow discharge in a mixture of 20% N/sub 2/ and 80% H/sub 2/ at 20 to 40 Torr. The discharge was confined between a stainless steel anode and the sample at about 500 mA with a dc potential of 360 to 400 V. The temperature of the sample was about 900/sup 0/C. The kinetics of metal nitride formation are enhanced by about a factor of three in the dc discharge technique compared with either rf discharge or thermal nitriding methods. The golden-yellow nitrided surfaces were characterized by energy-dispersive x-ray and electron diffraction techniques. The results show that the nitrided surfaces contain mononitride phases. Depth-profile measurements were performed by argon-ion etching and surface analysis by means of XPS. The kinetics of the formation of surface nitride layers are discussed in terms of a reaction involving nitrogen--hydrogen molecular ions with the substrate. Diffusion of nitrogen into the bulk determines the rate of growth of the nitride layer.
Presentation-Oriented Visualization Techniques (2016)

Data visualization research focuses on data exploration and analysis, yet the vast majority of visualizations people see were created for a different purpose: presentation. Whether we are talking about charts showing data to help make a presenter's point, data visuals created to accompany a news story, or the ubiquitous infographics, many more people consume charts than make them. Traditional visualization techniques treat presentation as an afterthought, but are there techniques uniquely suited to data presentation but not necessarily ideal for exploration and analysis? This article focuses on presentation-oriented techniques, considering their usefulness for presentation first and any other purposes as secondary.
Attenuation of Ischemic Brain EDEMA and Cerebrovascular Injury after Ischemic Preconditioning in the Rat (2001)

Ischemic preconditioning (IPC) induces neuroprotection to subsequent severe ischemia, but its effect on the cerebrovasculature has not been studied extensively. This study evaluated the effects of IPC on brain edema formation and endothelial cell damage that follows subsequent permanent focal cerebral ischemia in the rat. Transient (15 minute) middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) was used for IPC. Three days after IPC or a sham operation, permanent MCAO was induced. Twenty-four hours after permanent MCAO, neurologic deficit, infarction volume, and water and ion content were evaluated. Six hours post-ischemia, blood-brain barrier (BBB) permeability was examined using [3H]-inulin. Water, ion contents, and BBB permeability were assessed in three zones (core, intermediate, and outer) depending on their relation to the MCA territory. Heat shock protein 70 (HSP70) was also examined as a potential marker of vascular injury. The model of IPC significantly reduced brain infarction and neurologic deficit. Compared with a sham operation, IPC also significantly attenuated brain edema formation in the intermediate (sham and IPC water contents: 5.99+/-0.65 vs. 4.99+/-0.81 g/g dry weight; P < 0.01) and outer zones (5.02+/-0.48 vs. 4.37+/-0.42 g/g dry weight; P < 0.01) of the ipsilateral hemisphere but not in the core zone. Blood-brain barrier disruption assessed by [3H]-inulin was significantly attenuated in the IPC group and the number of blood vessels that displayed HSP70 immunoreactivity was also reduced. Thus, IPC significantly attenuates ischemic brain edema formation, BBB disruption, and, as assessed by HSP70, vascular injury. Understanding the mechanisms involved in IPC may provide insight into methods for preserving cerebrovascular function during ischemia.
GTPase Activity Plays a Key Role in the Pathobiology of LRRK2 (2010)

Mutations in the leucine-rich repeat kinase 2 (LRRK2) gene are associated with late-onset, autosomal-dominant, familial Parkinson's disease (PD) and also contribute to sporadic disease. The LRRK2 gene encodes a large protein with multiple domains, including functional Roc GTPase and protein kinase domains. Mutations in LRRK2 most likely cause disease through a toxic gain-of-function mechanism. The expression of human LRRK2 variants in cultured primary neurons induces toxicity that is dependent on intact GTP binding or kinase activities. However, the mechanism(s) underlying LRRK2-induced neuronal toxicity is poorly understood, and the contribution of GTPase and/or kinase activity to LRRK2 pathobiology is not well defined. To explore the pathobiology of LRRK2, we have developed a model of LRRK2 cytotoxicity in the baker's yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Protein domain analysis in this model reveals that expression of GTPase domain-containing fragments of human LRRK2 are toxic. LRRK2 toxicity in yeast can be modulated by altering GTPase activity and is closely associated with defects in endocytic vesicular trafficking and autophagy. These truncated LRRK2 variants induce similar toxicity in both yeast and primary neuronal models and cause similar vesicular defects in yeast as full-length LRRK2 causes in primary neurons. The toxicity induced by truncated LRRK2 variants in yeast acts through a mechanism distinct from toxicity induced by human alpha-synuclein. A genome-wide genetic screen identified modifiers of LRRK2-induced toxicity in yeast including components of vesicular trafficking pathways, which can also modulate the trafficking defects caused by expression of truncated LRRK2 variants. Our results provide insight into the basic pathobiology of LRRK2 and suggest that the GTPase domain may contribute to the toxicity of LRRK2. These findings may guide future therapeutic strategies aimed at attenuating LRRK2-mediated neurodegeneration.
A contribuição do programa PNAIC no desenvolvimento cognitivo dos alunos do 3º. ano do ensino fundamental da escola Maria de Fatima Pinto de Oliveira, Porto de Moz-Pará. (2017)

The article sought to analyze the contribution of the (PNAIC) National Pact for\nLiteracy in the Right Age program established by Administrative Rule nº. 867 of July\n4, 2012, for the development of reading and writing, forming a commitment of the\nFederal, State and Municipal Government in order to ensure that children up to eight\nyears of age were literate by the end of the third year of Elementary School. The\nresearch had qualitative approach of the descriptive type, data collection was given\nby observations and interviews with the subjects, 03 literacy teachers and 01\ncoordinator and 60 students aged eight years. However, the PNAIC was verified in\nthe context of teacher education, as well as its applicability in the teaching-learning\nprocess, thus reaffirming the validity of the PNAIC as a training policy for the\nimprovement of educational outcomes; The desired goal for education.
Regulation of Cellular Differentiation in Filamentous Cyanobacteria in Free-Living and Plant-Associated Symbiotic Growth States (2002)

Certain filamentous nitrogen-fixing cyanobacteria generate signals that direct their own multicellular development. They also respond to signals from plants that initiate or modulate differentiation, leading to the establishment of a symbiotic association. An objective of this review is to describe the mechanisms by which free-living cyanobacteria regulate their development and then to consider how plants may exploit cyanobacterial physiology to achieve stable symbioses. Cyanobacteria that are capable of forming plant symbioses can differentiate into motile filaments called hormogonia and into specialized nitrogen-fixing cells called heterocysts. Plant signals exert both positive and negative regulatory control on hormogonium differentiation. Heterocyst differentiation is a highly regulated process, resulting in a regularly spaced pattern of heterocysts in the filament. The evidence is most consistent with the pattern arising in two stages. First, nitrogen limitation triggers a nonrandomly spaced cluster of cells (perhaps at a critical stage of their cell cycle) to initiate differentiation. Interactions between an inhibitory peptide exported by the differentiating cells and an activator protein within them causes one cell within each cluster to fully differentiate, yielding a single mature heterocyst. In symbiosis with plants, heterocyst frequencies are increased 3- to 10-fold because, we propose, either differentiation is initiated at an increased number of sites or resolution of differentiating clusters is incomplete. The physiology of symbiotically associated cyanobacteria raises the prospect that heterocyst differentiation proceeds independently of the nitrogen status of a cell and depends instead on signals produced by the plant partner.
Feature Selection: A Data Perspective (2016)

Feature selection, as a data preprocessing strategy, has been proven to be effective and efficient in preparing data (especially high-dimensional data) for various data mining and machine learning problems. The objectives of feature selection include: building simpler and more comprehensible models, improving data mining performance, and preparing clean, understandable data. The recent proliferation of big data has presented some substantial challenges and opportunities to feature selection. In this survey, we provide a comprehensive and structured overview of recent advances in feature selection research. Motivated by current challenges and opportunities in the era of big data, we revisit feature selection research from a data perspective and review representative feature selection algorithms for conventional data, structured data, heterogeneous data and streaming data. Methodologically, to emphasize the differences and similarities of most existing feature selection algorithms for conventional data, we categorize them into four main groups: similarity based, information theoretical based, sparse learning based and statistical based methods. To facilitate and promote the research in this community, we also present an open-source feature selection repository that consists of most of the popular feature selection algorithms (\url{http://featureselection.asu.edu/}). Also, we use it as an example to show how to evaluate feature selection algorithms. At the end of the survey, we present a discussion about some open problems and challenges that require more attention in future research.
A Single Highly Mutable Catalytic Site Amino Acid Is Critical for DNA Polymerase Fidelity (2001)

DNA polymerases contain active sites that are structurally superimposable and conserved in amino acid sequence. To probe the biochemical and structure-function relationship of DNA polymerases, a large library (200,000 members) of mutant Thermus aquaticus DNA polymerase I (Taq pol I) was created containing random substitutions within a portion of the dNTP binding site (Motif A; amino acids 605-617), and a fraction of all selected active Taq pol I (291 out of 8000) was tested for base pairing fidelity; seven unique mutants that efficiently misincorporate bases and/or extend mismatched bases were identified and sequenced. These mutants all contain substitutions of one specific amino acid, Ile-614, which forms part of the hydrophobic pocket that binds the base and ribose portions of the incoming nucleotide. Mutant Taq pol Is containing hydrophilic substitution I614K exhibit 10-fold lower base misincorporation fidelity, as well as a high propensity to extend mispairs. In addition, these low fidelity mutants containing hydrophilic substitution for Ile-614 can bypass damaged templates that include an abasic site and vinyl chloride adduct ethenoA. During polymerase chain reaction, Taq pol I mutant I614K exhibits an error rate that is >20-fold higher relative to the wild-type enzyme and efficiently catalyzes both transition and transversion errors. These studies have generated polymerase chain reaction-proficient mutant polymerases containing substitutions within the active site that confers low base pairing fidelity and a high error rate. Considering the structural and sequence conservation of Motif A, it is likely that a similar substitution will yield active low fidelity DNA polymerases that are mutagenic.
Eradication of the Oriental Fruit Fly (Diptera: Tephritidae) from the Okinawa Islands by a Male Annihilation Method (1984)

In 1982 the oriental fruit fly, Dacus (Bactrocera) dorsalis Hendel, was successfully eradicated from the Okinawa Islands, Japan, by a male annihilation method using wood fiberboard squares in which methyl eugenol and naled were incorporated. To achieve successful eradication, a sufficient dose of lure-toxicant was necessary. Until the number of male flies caught in monitor traps was reduced by ca. 1/100 of that before control, no detectable reduction of infestation level of host fruits was found. Because eradication was achieved, quarantine regulation and preventive control should be implemented to prevent infiltration and reestablishment of the fly from adjacent, infested islands.
A model based, anatomy dependent method for ultra-fast creation of primary SPECT projections (2011)

Introduction: Monte Carlo (MC) is the most common method for simulating virtual SPECT projections. It is useful for optimizing procedures, evaluating correction algorithms and more recently image reconstruction as a forward projector in iterative algorithms; however, the main drawback of MC is its long run time. We introduced a model based method considering the effect of body attenuation and imaging system response for fast creation of noise free SPECT projections.
Methods: Collimator detector response (CDR) was modeled by layer by layer blurring of activity phantom using suitable Gaussian functions. Using the attenuation phantom, in each angle, attenuation factor (AF) was calculated for each voxel. This calculated AF is the weight for the emission voxel and states the detection probability of photons that are emitted from that voxel. Finally weighted ray sum of the blurred phantom was driven to create a projection. For the next projection, our phantom was rotated and the procedure was repeated until all projections were acquired.
Results: Root Mean Square error (RMS) between all 60 modelled projection and real MC simulated projections was decreased from 0.58 ± 0.15 using simple Radon to 0.19 ± 0.03 using our suggested model. This value was 0.56 ± 0.16 using blurred Radon without attenuation modelling, and 0.21 ± 0.03 using attenuated Radon without CDR modelling.
Conclusion: Our suggested model that considers the effect of both attenuation and CDR simultaneously results in more accurate analytical projections compared with conventional Radon model. Creation of 60 primary SPECT projections in less than one minute may make this method as a proper alternative for MC simulation. This model can be used as a forward projector during iterative image reconstruction for correction of CDR and attenuation that is necessary for quantitative SPECT.
Molecular Properties of 2-Pyrone-4,6-dicarboxylic Acid (PDC) as a Stable Metabolic Intermediate of Lignin Isolated by Fractional Precipitation with Na+ Ion (2007)

Abstract A chemically stable metabolic intermediate of lignin, 2-pyrone-4,6-dicarboxylic acid (PDC), was isolated, and the molecular properties were comprehensively investigated by using thermal analysis, optical spectroscopy, potentiometric titration, and X-ray crystallography. UV absorption spectra of PDC did not show any solvent effects, whereas the fluorescence spectra displayed distinct solvatochromism. Despite the fairly good planarity of the PDC geometry, dual fluorescence was observed in some small donor number solvents. The emission behaviors are thought to be due to the significant twist between the pyrone ring and carboxylate substituents, found in the X-ray crystal structures of the Na+ complex. The crystal structure also showed the intermolecular, centrosymmetric short hydrogen bonding of the carboxylate moieties with an O···H···O distance of 0.2452 nm, which made it possible to assign the pKa values to the molecular structure. PDC was thermally stable and could be sublimed even at atmospheric pressure, offering the preparation possibility of ultra-thin films by vapor-deposition techniques. The fact that the chemically and thermally stable compound possessing many attractive functions, such as unique emission, facile sublimation, and strong acidity, resulting in exceptionally short intermolecular contacts, can be obtained from biomass on a large quantity will lead to establishment of carbon neutral system in future industry.
Distal Embolic Protection in Patients With Acute Myocardial Infarction (2005)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Hyaluronic acid-conjugated graphene oxide/photosensitizer nanohybrids for cancer targeted photodynamic therapy (2013)

Hyaluronic acid (HA)-graphene oxide (GO) conjugates, with a high loading of photosensitizers (PS; Ce6), were developed as a cancer cell targeted and photoactivity switchable nanoplatform for photodynamic therapy (PDT). HA-GO conjugates with size below 100 nm were first prepared by the chemical conjugation between ADH-modified HA and fractionated GO sheets with size relevant for drug delivery. Before evaluating the drug delivery efficacies, their chemical structure, morphology, and biocompatibility were characterized by <sup>1</sup>H NMR, UV, TGA, AFM, DLS and MTT assays. The physical adsorption of Ce6 onto HA-GO nanocarriers was mainly due to the π-π stacking as well as hydrophobic interactions. It was demonstrated by CLSM and FACS that the cellular internalization of the HA-GO/Ce6 nanohybrids was much more effective when compared with free Ce6, which was also found to be significantly influenced by the co-treatment with an excess amount of HA polymers, illustrating their active targeting to HA receptors overexpressed on cancer cells. The photoactivity of Ce6 adsorbed on HA-GO nanocarriers was mostly quenched in aqueous solution to ensure biocompatibility, but was quickly recovered after the release of Ce6 from HA-GO nanocarriers upon cellular uptake. As a result, the PDT efficiency of the HA-GO/Ce6 nanohybrids was remarkably improved ∼10 times more than that of free Ce6, as well demonstrated in both MTT and LIVE/DEAD assays.
ZD1839 Modulates Paclitaxel Response in Renal Cancer by Blocking Paclitaxel-Induced Activation of the Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor–Extracellular Signal-Regulated Kinase Pathway (2004)

Our findings support the idea that the significant clinical benefit is obtained from ZD1839 in combination with paclitaxel for the treatment of RCC.