gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Structure-Activity Relationships of Baicalein and its Analogs as Novel TSLP Inhibitors (2019)

Thymic stromal lymphopoietin (TSLP) plays an important role in the differentiation and proliferation of Th2 cells, resulting in eosinophilic inflammation and numerous allergic diseases. Baicalein (1), a major component of Scutellaria baicalensis, was found to be the first small molecule to block TSLP signaling pathways. It inhibited effectively eosinophil infiltration in house dust mite-induced and ovalbumin-challenged mouse models. Structure-activity relationship studies identified compound 11a, a biphenyl flavanone analog, as a novel human TSLP inhibitor for the discovery and development of new anti-allergic drugs.
Theory of confocal fluorescence imaging in the programmable array microscope (PAM) (1998)

The programmable array microscope (PAM) uses a spatial light modulator (SLM) to generate an arbitrary pattern of conjugate illumination and detection elements. The SLM dissects the fluorescent light imaged by the objective into a focal conjugate image, I c , formed by the ‘in‐focus’ light, and a nonconjugate image, I nc , formed by the ‘out‐of‐focus’ light. We discuss two different schemes for confocal imaging using the PAM. In the first, a grid of points is shifted to scan the complete image. The second, faster approach, uses a short tiled pseudorandom sequence of two‐dimensional patterns. In the first case, I c is analogous to a confocal image and I nc to a conventional image minus I c . In the second case I c and I nc are the sum and the difference, respectively, of a conventional and a confocal image. The pseudorandom sequence approach requires post‐processing to retrieve the confocal part, but generates significantly higher signal levels for an equivalent integration time.
Semiconductor superlattice electron wave interference filters (1988)

The quantitative analogies that have been established between electron wave propagation in semiconductors and optical wave propagation in dielectrics are used to demonstrate that high-resolution energy filters in semiconductors are possible. An example filter consisting of electron quarter-wavelength layers of GaAs and Ga0.55Al0.45As and a half-wavelength layer of GaAs is presented and theoretically analyzed. The pass electron energy is 0.139 eV and the passband is only 0.003 eV (2.2% of pass energy). Such a filter could be incorporated into semiconductor devices (e.g., as a hot-electron emitter in a ballistic transistor) or used to control free-space electron beams (e.g., in electron beam lithography).
Hybrid Tagging and Browsing Approaches for Efficient Manual Image Annotation (2009)

This article proposes formal models for two commonly used methods - tagging and browsing - and investigates new approaches to improve the efficiency of manual image annotation.
Network-Controlled Route Optimization for Heterogeneous Mobile IP Networks (2009)

In this paper, we propose a new solution for route optimization that can be applied to heterogeneous mobile IP networks that support client-based and network-based IP mobility management. The proposed solution aims to satisfy important requirements such as an efficient network resources utilization, an improvement of the end-to-end quality of service, and the capability to monitor user traffic for policy control and charging. In the proposed solution, the management of the route optimization context is performed by the mobility anchor, while the IP packet processing for route optimization is performed by the nodes located around the edge of the networks. We provide a comparative evaluation of the proposed solution and existing solutions in terms of: 1) the ability to maintain route optimization when the mobile node moves across a boundary between network domains where different types of IP mobility management are employed, 2) the range of application, 3) the latency required to continue route optimization upon handover, and 4) the amount of signaling. The evaluation results show that our proposed solution best satisfies the route optimization requirements for the heterogeneous mobile IP networks that we consider in this paper.
Development of an Electrochemical Acidification Cell for the Recovery of CO<sub>2</sub> and H<sub>2</sub> from Seawater II. Evaluation of the Cell by Natural Seawater (2012)

A novel electrochemical acidification process has been developed in a successful feasibility attempt to extract large quantities of CO2 in the form of bicarbonate and carbonate from seawater for potential use as a source of carbon for hydrocarbon production at sea. This indirect approach acidifies seawater by the electrolytic production of acid. Lowering seawater pH was found to be proportional to the applied current to the cell. Spontaneous degassing and recovery of CO2 below pH 4.5 was reduced from 92% in synthetic seawater to 30% in natural seawater. The effects of increased operational time, flow rate, current, and natural seawater’s complex equilibrium buffer on process performance and CO2 recovery have been shown to be essential for further improvements in future cell design, efficiency, and scale-up.
Protein-enhanced electrorheological fluids (1995)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTProtein-enhanced electrorheological fluidsDaniel J. Klingenberg, Peyman Pakdel, Young Dae Kim, Brett M. Belongia, and Sangtae KimCite this: Ind. Eng. Chem. Res. 1995, 34, 10, 3303–3306Publication Date (Print):October 1, 1995Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 October 1995https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ie00037a016https://doi.org/10.1021/ie00037a016research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views91Altmetric-Citations4LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Latent IBP Compound Dirichlet Allocation (2014)

We introduce the four-parameter IBP compound Dirichlet process (ICDP), a stochastic process that generates sparse non-negative vectors with potentially an unbounded number of entries. If we repeatedly sample from the ICDP we can generate sparse matrices with an infinite number of columns and power-law characteristics. We apply the four-parameter ICDP to sparse nonparametric topic modelling to account for the very large number of topics present in large text corpora and the power-law distribution of the vocabulary of natural languages. The model, which we call latent IBP compound Dirichlet allocation (LIDA), allows for power-law distributions, both, in the number of topics summarising the documents and in the number of words defining each topic. It can be interpreted as a sparse variant of the hierarchical Pitman-Yor process when applied to topic modelling. We derive an efficient and simple collapsed Gibbs sampler closely related to the collapsed Gibbs sampler of latent Dirichlet allocation (LDA), making the model applicable in a wide range of domains. Our nonparametric Bayesian topic model compares favourably to the widely used hierarchical Dirichlet process and its heavy tailed version, the hierarchical Pitman-Yor process, on benchmark corpora. Experiments demonstrate that accounting for the power-distribution of real data is beneficial and that sparsity provides more interpretable results.
Rate Matching and Piecewise Sequence Adaptation for Polar Codes with Reed-Solomon Kernels (2018)

The paper studies rate matching for polar codes with Reed-Solomon (RS) kernels. A low-complexity rate matching scheme, referred to as smallest index puncturing, is put forward with validity proof. To resolve the dramatically increased complexity of reliability sequence generation due to rate matching, a piecewise sequence adaptation method is designed. The method significantly cuts down the computation complexity while keeping a negligible performance loss. Simulation results demonstrate the performance gain of the 4-dimension RS kernel over the original binary 2-by-2 kernel under rate matching, and verify the efficacy of the proposed piecewise method.
Fully alloyed Ag/Au nanorods with tunable surface plasmon resonance and high chemical stability (2017)

Limited success has been achieved in preparing nanorods of silver with uniform sizes and tunable localized surface plasmon resonances. Also, the practical applications of silver nanostructures have been hindered by their poor chemical stability in a corrosive environment. Here we address these issues by converting Au@Ag core/shell nanorods into fully alloyed ones through controlled high-temperature annealing in confined spaces. Compared with their core/shell counterparts, the obtained alloy nanorods demonstrated significantly enhanced stability toward oxidative etching. We also systematically investigated their novel plasmonic properties, and revealed that the band positions of both longitudinal and transverse modes can be readily tuned by either manipulating the Ag/Au ratio or starting with gold cores of different aspect ratios. Moreover, we have achieved widely adjusted peak intensity ratios between the transverse and longitudinal bands from 0.14 to 1.22, which is impossible for nonalloyed nanorods. The alloy nanorods developed in this work are believed to find great uses in fundamental spectroscopic studies as well as many attractive plasmonic applications.
Optimal scheduling of single-arm multi-cluster tools with two-space buffering modules (2014)

A multi-cluster tool is composed of a number of single-cluster tools linked by buffering modules. The capacity of a buffering module can be one or two. Aiming at finding an optimal one-wafer cyclic schedule, this work explores the effect of two-space buffering modules on the performance of a multi-cluster tool. The tool is modeled by a kind of Petri nets. The dynamic behavior of robot waiting and tasks, process modules, and buffers is well captured by the net model. With the model, this work shows that there is always a one-wafer cyclic schedule that reaches the lower bound of the cycle time of a process-dominant tool. Furthermore, a constant-time algorithm is revealed to find such a schedule for the first time for such multi-cluster tools. An illustrative example is given to show the application and power of this new method.
χ(2) tensor properties and multiwavelength erasure rates for optically encoded second-harmonic generation in semiconductor microcrystallite-doped glasses (1991)

Recently, optically encoded second-harmonic generation (SHG) in semiconductor microcrystal lite-doped glasses (SDG) has been observed. 1 The most likely mechanism is the encoding of an effective χ (2) due to χ (3) of the crystallites and a periodic frozen-in de field. To clarify if this is indeed the case we have studied the properties of the effective χ (2) tensor induced during the encoding process. The SDG studied were prepared with linearly polarized fundamental (1064-nm) and second harmonic (532-nm) radiation from a Q- switched Nd:YAG laser producing 8-ns pulses. The glasses were then illuminated with fundamental light polarized linearly with an angle of polarization varied from 0° to 360° relative to the encoding polarization direction. The SHG was analyzed both parallel and perpendicular to the encoding polarization. The measured behavior matches that predicted from internal filled dc field mixing with the χ (3) of the crystallites to produce an effective χ (2) . The influence of the band-gap resonance on χ (2) is determined by using glasses with band gaps above and below 532 nm. Since the de field is believed to be caused by electrons swept into surface traps during the encoding process and the ultimate use of these materials will be determined by their stability in optically illuminated conditions, we have measured the intensity and wavelength dependence of optical erasure and in prepared SDG. The results are used to distinguish between erasure by bandgap excitation and trap to conduction band processes.
Adaptive optics confocal microscopy using direct wavefront sensing (2011)

Optical aberrations due to the inhomogeneous refractive index of tissue degrade the resolution and brightness of images in deep-tissue imaging. We introduce a confocal fluorescence microscope with adaptive optics, which can correct aberrations based on direct wavefront measurements using a Shack-Hartmann wavefront sensor with a fluorescent bead used as a point source reference beacon. The results show a 4.3× improvement in the Strehl ratio and a 240% improvement in the signal intensity for fixed mouse tissues at depths of up to 100 μm.
Immunoassay of S-adenosylmethionine and S-adenosylhomocysteine: the methylation index as a biomarker for disease and health status (2016)

It is possible to generate antibodies against active small biomolecules with weak immunogenicity, such as SAM and SAH, using traditional hybridoma technology. The antigens and antibodies described here will contribute to the development of immunoassays to measure SAM, SAH and related molecules. These assays enable the MI to be measured specifically, accurately, easily and quickly without costly equipment. This preliminary study indicates that the MI could be an effective indicator of general health, except under conditions that may alter the value of the MI, such as special diets and medications.
Recombinant Hemoglobins as Artificial Oxygen Carriers (2007)

This paper describes the approaches we have taken to construct a) mutant hemoglobins with different oxygen affinities, and b) mutant hemoglobins and myoglobins that polymerize to high molecular weight aggregates in an effort to prevent extravasation and the associated vasoactivity. In vivo testing indicates that exchange transfusion of polymeric hemoglobins in mice does not result in vasoactivity and that polymeric hemoglobins are effective oxygen carriers to ischemic tissues irrespective of their oxygen affinity and cooperativity.
Design and Testing of the Reactor-Internal Hydraulic Control Rod Drive for the Nuclear Heating Plant (1987)

A hydraulically driven control rod is being developed at Kraftwerk Union for integration in the primary system of a small nuclear district heating reactor. An elaborate test program, under way for ∼ 3 yr, was initiated with a plexiglass rig to understand the basic principles. A design specification list was prepared, taking reactor boundary conditions and relevant German rules and regulations into account. Subsequently, an atmospheric loop for testing of components at 20 to 90°C was erected. The objectives involved optimization of individual components such as a piston/cylinder drive unit, electromagnetic valves, and an ultrasonic position indication system as well as verification of computer codes. Based on the results obtained, full-scale components were designed and fabricated for a prototype test rig, which is currently in operation. Thus far, all atmospheric tests in this rig have been completed. Investigations under reactor temperature and pressure, followed by endurance tests, are under way. All tests to date have shown a reliable functioning of the hydraulic drive, including a novel ultrasonic position indication system.
Superior Activity of the Combination of Histone Deacetylase Inhibitor LAQ824 and the FLT-3 Kinase Inhibitor PKC412 against Human Acute Myelogenous Leukemia Cells with Mutant FLT-3 (2004)

The combination of LAQ824 and PKC412 is highly active against human AML cells with mutant FLT-3, which merits in vivo studies of the combination against human AML.
Generation of azasulfonium salts from halogen-sulfide complexes and anilines. Synthesis of indoles, oxindoles, and alkylated aromatic amines bearing cation stabilizing substituents (1974)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTGeneration of azasulfonium salts from halogen-sulfide complexes and anilines. Synthesis of indoles, oxindoles, and alkylated aromatic amines bearing cation stabilizing substituentsPaul G. Gassman, Gordon Gruetzmacher, and T. J. Van BergenCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1974, 96, 17, 5512–5517Publication Date (Print):August 1, 1974Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 August 1974https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00824a030https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00824a030research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views780Altmetric-Citations77LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
A Current Limiting Device Using Superconducting D.C. Bias Applications and Prospects (1982)

Load growth and the attendant need for interconnections for reliability of supply results in an increase in system fault levels. Solutions have to be devised to prevent the ratings of equipment such as circuit breakers being exceeded, and some of these would be expensive. An attractive solution would be the introduction of fault current limiting devices in the interconnections. This paper describes one such device employing iron cored reactors using a superconducting d.c. bias. Test results on a prototype show that this device has performance characteristics which appear to meet the demanding requirements for such devices. These characteristics, the economics and reliability of this device are discussed.
Acoustically Grounded Word Embeddings for Improved Acoustics-to-word Speech Recognition (2019)

Direct acoustics-to-word (A2W) systems for end-to-end automatic speech recognition are simpler to train, and more efficient to decode with, than sub-word systems. However, A2W systems can have difficulties at training time when data is limited, and at decoding time when recognizing words outside the training vocabulary. To address these shortcomings, we investigate the use of recently proposed acoustic and acoustically grounded word embedding techniques in A2W systems. The idea is based on treating the final pre-softmax weight matrix of an AWE recognizer as a matrix of word embedding vectors, and using an externally trained set of word embeddings to improve the quality of this matrix. In particular we introduce two ideas: (1) Enforcing similarity at training time between the external embeddings and the recognizer weights, and (2) using the word embeddings at test time for predicting out-of-vocabulary words. Our word embedding model is acoustically grounded, that is it is learned jointly with acoustic embeddings so as to encode the words' acoustic-phonetic content; and it is parametric, so that it can embed any arbitrary (potentially out-of-vocabulary) sequence of characters. We find that both techniques improve the performance of an A2W recognizer on conversational telephone speech.
Bidding Strategy for Two-Sided Electricity Markets (2020)

We aim to increase the revenue or reduce the purchase cost of a given market participant in a double-sided, day-ahead, wholesale electricity market serving a smart city. Using an operations research based market clearing mechanism and attention based time series forecaster as sub-modules, we build a holistic interactive system. Through this system, we discover better bidding strategies for a market participant using reinforcement learning (RL). We relax several assumptions made in existing literature in order to make the problem setting more relevant to real life. Our Markov Decision Process (MDP) formulation enables us to tackle action space explosion and also compute optimal actions across time-steps in parallel. Our RL framework is generic enough to be used by either a generator or a consumer participating in the electricity market.
GeneHunter, a Transposon Tool for Identificationand Isolation of Cryptic Antibiotic ResistanceGenes (2003)

GeneHunter is a transposon tool designed for the experimental activation and identification of silent antibiotic resistance genes. The method permits the identification of novel resistance genes that lack previously identified homologues. Using Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium strain LT2 as a test organism for the in vivo version of the GeneHunter method, we were able to activate, clone, and identify two cryptic antibiotic resistance genes, the aminoglycoside acetyltransferase aac(6')-Iaa and the probable Mar-A regulon activator rma. Because the method requires being able to electroporate the host with an efficiency of at least 10(10) transformants per microgram, the in vivo method is not applicable to most microorganisms. We therefore developed an in vitro transposition method, showed that it can also recover the cryptic rma gene from S. enterica serovar Typhimurium strain LT2, and showed that it is generally applicable to a variety of microorganisms by using it to recover a cryptic metallo-beta-lactamase gene from the gram-positive organism Bacillus cereus. It is anticipated that the GeneHunter method will be used to identify potential resistance genes during the development and testing of novel antibiotics, new variants of existing antibiotics, and drug inhibitor combinations.
Four Parameter Inverse Characterization of Fractal Surfaces (2010)

Motivated by the need to determine the mechanical, electrical and thermal properties of contact surfaces between deformable materials that conduct electricity and heat, we are presenting here a method for characterizing certain topological characteristics of rough surfaces. The inverse identification of a set of parameters associated with the parametric representation of any rough surface based on profilometric data is described in contrast with the standard one parameter approaches. The description of the surface topography parametrization is first given in terms of a function that enables the generation of synthetic data. Objective functions are created based on both the profilometric evaluations of the parametric representation of the surface as well as its power spectrum. A statistical Monte Carlo based optimization method is implemented for determining the characteristic parameters needed for further analysis that leads to the determination of other physical properties of the surface. Numerical application of the method validates the efficiency and the accuracy of the proposed approach.