gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
The Photostability and Photostabilization of trans-Resveratrol (2011)

In this study, the effects of ultraviolet radiation (UVR) on trans- resveratrol were documented, finding that UV radiation causes it to undergo rapid and extensive photoisomerization and some photodecomposition. The antioxidant activity of trans-resveratrol is correspondingly reduced. However, in the presence of ethylhexyl methoxycrylene, a photostabilizer used in sunscreens, the effects of UV exposure on trans-resveratrol are minimized, thereby preserving its antioxidant activity and, presumably, its bioavailability.
Targeting Cystathionine Beta-Synthase Misfolding in Homocystinuria by Small Ligands: State of the Art and Future Directions (2016)

Classical homocystinuria (HCU) is the most common loss-of-function inborn error of sulfur amino acids metabolism. HCU is caused by a deficiency in enzymatic degradation of homocysteine, a toxic intermediate of methionine transformation to cysteine, chiefly due to missense mutations in the cystathionine betasynthase (CBS) gene. As with many other inherited disorders, the pathogenic mutations do not target key catalytic residues, but rather introduce structural perturbations leading to an enhanced tendency of the mutant CBS to misfold and either to form non-functional aggregates or to undergo proteasome-dependent degradation. Thus correction of CBS misfolding represents an alternative therapeutic approach for HCU. In this review, we summarize the complex nature of CBS, its multidomain architecture, the interplay between the three cofactors required for CBS function (heme, pyridoxal-5'-phosphate (PLP) and S-adenosyl-L-methionine) as well as the intricate allosteric regulatory mechanism only recently explained thanks to advances in CBS crystallography. While roughly half of the patients responds to treatment with a PLP precursor pyridoxine, many studies suggested usefulness of small chemicals, such as chemical and pharmacological chaperones or proteasome inhibitors, rescuing mutant CBS activity in cellular and animal models of HCU. Non-specific chemical chaperones and proteasome inhibitors assist in mutant CBS folding process and/or prevent its rapid degradation, thus resulting in increased steady state levels of the enzyme and CBS activity. Recent increased interest in the field and available structural information will hopefully yield CBS-specific compounds by using high-throughput screening and computational modeling of novel ligands improving folding, stability and activity of CBS.
MBE growth of ZnCdSe/ZnCdMgSe quantum-well infrared photodetectors (2013)

The authors report the growth of quantum well infrared photodetectors (QWIPs) made from wide band gap II-VI semiconductors. ZnCdSe/ZnCdMgSe QWIPs in both medium-wave infrared and long-wave infrared regions were grown by molecular beam epitaxy on InP substrates. High-resolution x-ray diffraction and photoluminescence measurements showed that the as-grown samples have high structural and optical quality. Spectral responses with peaks at 8.7 μm and 4.0 μm have been obtained.
Bleaching kraft pulps with white-rot fungi (1996)

Certain white-rot fungi, notably Trametes versicolor, Phanerochaete sordida, and isolate IZU-154 can lower the residual lignin content and increase the brightness of kraft pulps without damaging the pulps` strength or yield. This biological delignification effect can be used in Elemental Chlorine Free and Totally Chlorine Free bleaching sequences. Physical contact between the fungal hyphae and the pulp fibers is not required, but the presence of the living fungus is necessary for continued delignification. In many but not a systems, delignification is correlated with manganese peroxidase activity. Experiments with pulps containing {sup 14}C-labelled lignin indicate that the residual lignin is solubilized, but not extensively mineralized, by T. versicolor. The solubilized lignin has the same molecular size as the residual lignin originally present in the pulp. Demethylation of the phenolic rings in the pulp is an early effect of incubation with the fungus.
A 10Gb/s, 3.3v, laser/modulator driver with high power efficiency (2005)

The presented laser/modulator driver for optical communication aims at low power dissipation. The single-ended output with a push-pull driver allows a 3.3 V supply while leaving 1.8 V for the laser. The laser is DC coupled to the open collector output stage so that the DC bias current of the driver is used for biasing of the laser. The minimum supply voltage of the IC is 2.7 V. The circuit was realised in the Philips QUBiC4 BiCMOS IC process with a cut off frequency f/sub T/ of 37GHz. The chip was mounted as a die on board and the electrical output signal was measured. The signal-to-noise ratio is 7.44dB, the measured bit error rate is <10/sup -12/. The minimal rise/fall time is about 42 ps and the measured rms jitter is 5.3 ps. The active area of the IC is 800/spl times/700 /spl mu/m/sup 2/. The dissipation is 240 mW for a supply voltage of 3.3 V and room temperature.
Common Framework for 5G Northbound APIs (2020)

3 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">rd</sup> Generation Partnership Project (3GPP), a global standards forum for cellular communication technologies, exposed the core network capabilities as Northbound APIs for consumption by 3 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">rd</sup> parties outside Mobile Network Operator (MNO) domain such as enterprise domain Application Servers (AS) or Application Function (AF). However, the common supporting capabilities like onboarding, discovery, publishing, authentication, logging, auditing etc., applicable for all Northbound APIs, were not specified in 3GPP until Rel-14. In addition, with the advent of 5G networks, it is natural that more vertical industries look to enable their communications on 5G networks, and so the increase in 3 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">rd</sup> parties ecosystem consuming the 5G Northbound APIs. In Rel15, 3GPP specified Common API Framework (CAPIF), to avoid duplication in being specified at multiple places and bring in consistency of approach between different API specifications, and to ease the development and deployment of 3rd party applications invoking 3GPP Northbound APIs for Evolved Packet System (EPS) and 5G System (5GS). In this technical paper, the CAPIF standard for 3GPP Northbound APIs including the common supporting capabilities enabled by the framework are explained. The paper also elaborates how CAPIF can be leveraged to quickly develop and deploy different 3GPP Northbound APIs and the vertical industry applications in unified and harmonized manner over the 5G Network.
DMRP: a distributed multicast routing protocol for ATM networks (2002)

In this paper, we present a distributed multicast routing protocol (DMRP) for dynamic computation of multicast trees. This protocol is a distributed version of a centralized heuristic for dynamic Steiner tree computation. The protocol is deadlock-free and is a correct implementation of the centralized heuristic. It can be easily extended to the hierarchical framework supported by ATM Forum's PNNI protocols. This makes the protocol very scalable. Our motivation is to make this protocol a standard for multicasting under the PNNI framework. Our protocol draws a lot of inspiration from PIM, which has been proposed as the standard for multicasting in the Internet domain. We would like to emphasize that unlike PIM which caters to maintaining only soft-states, DMRP maintains hard states. The hard states are required under the ATM framework and make the DMRP protocol compatible with the philosophy of PNNI. The sharing of the multicast tree among multiple senders makes effective use of the network resources. This reduces the overall cost of the multicast tree. The protocol relies on participant initiated join, where the participant who wants to establish connection with the multicast group computes the path to the already existing multicast tree. Using simulations, we show that the number of messages generated before a participant can join the multicast tree is small. Further, the join latency is also small. The simplicity of the protocol lends itself to easy implementation for the support of multipoint connections under the PNNI framework.
An update on the use of gonadotropin-releasing hormone antagonists in prostate cancer (2011)

Androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) is the main treatment approach in advanced prostate cancer and in recent years has primarily involved the use of gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) agonists. However, despite their efficacy, GnRH agonists have several drawbacks associated with their mode of action. These include an initial testosterone surge and testosterone microsurges on repeat administration. GnRH antagonists provide an alternative approach to ADT with a more direct mode of action that involves immediate blockade of GnRH receptors. Antagonists produce a more rapid suppression of testosterone (and prostate-specific antigen [PSA]) without a testosterone surge or microsurges and appear to offer an effective and well tolerated option for the hormonal treatment of prostate cancer. Comparisons with GnRH agonists have shown GnRH antagonists to be at least as effective in achieving and maintaining castrate testosterone levels in patients with prostate cancer. Furthermore, with antagonists, the lack of an initial testosterone surge (which may cause clinical flare) may allow more rapid relief of symptoms related to prostate cancer, avoid the need for concomitant antiandrogens to prevent clinical flare (so avoiding any antiandrogen-associated adverse events) and allow GnRH antagonist use in patients with high tumour burden and/or acute problems such as spinal cord compression. Although several antagonists have been investigated, only degarelix and abarelix are currently available for clinical use in prostate cancer. Currently, degarelix is the most extensively studied and widely available agent in this class. Degarelix is one of a newer generation of antagonists which, in a comprehensive and ongoing clinical development programme, has been shown to provide rapid, profound and sustained testosterone suppression without the systemic allergic reactions associated with earlier antagonists. This review examines the currently available data on GnRH antagonists in prostate cancer.
Quantitative and qualitative differences in protein expression between papillary thyroid carcinoma and normal thyroid tissue (2006)

In order to better understand basic mechanisms of tumor development and identify potential new biomarkers, we have performed difference gel electrophoresis (DIGE) and peptide mass fingerprinting on pooled protein extracts from patients with papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) compared with matched normal thyroid tissue. Image analysis of DIGE gels comparing PTC and matched normal thyroid tissue protein indicated that 25% of the protein spots were differentially expressed at a 2.5-fold cutoff and 35% at two-fold. Comparison between two different pools of protein from normal thyroid tissues revealed differential protein expression of only 4% at 2.5-fold and 6% at two-fold cutoff. One hundred ninety-two protein spots were identified by MALDI-TOFMS, representing 90 distinct proteins. Excluding albumin, globins and thyroglobulin, imaging software determined 31 proteins to be differentially expressed at the two-fold (or greater) level. Individual gel comparisons (PTC vs. matched normal) from five patients established that 15/31 (48%) of these proteins exhibited statistically significant differential expression. Previously identified molecular markers in this group of proteins include cathepsin B, cytokeratin 19, and galectin-3. Novel differentially expressed proteins include S100A6, moesin, HSP70 (BiP), peroxiredoxin 2, protein phosphatase 2, selenium binding protein 1, vitamin D binding protein, and proteins involved in mitochondrial function. The use of two-dimensional gel electrophoresis (2DGE) revealed a significantly altered protein mass and/or pI in 10%-15% of proteins, suggesting alternatively spliced forms and other posttranslational modification of proteins revealed by this approach. We confirmed S100A6 as a potentially useful biomarker using immunohistochemical analysis (85% sensitivity and 69% specificity for distinguishing benign from malignant thyroid neoplasms). In summary, proteomic analysis of PTC using DIGE and mass spectrometry has confirmed several known biomarkers, uncovered novel potential biomarkers, and provided insights into global pathophysiologic changes in PTC. Many of the differences observed would not have been detected by genomic or other proteomic approaches.
Preparation of Quinolines Substituted at the 2 or 3 Position by an Alkenyl or Alkynyl Chain. (2003)

Abstract For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Reconstruction of velocity profiles in axisymmetric and asymmetric flows using an electromagnetic flow meter (2015)

An analytical method that was developed formerly for the reconstruction of velocity profiles in asymmetric flows is improved to be applicable for both axisymmetric and asymmetric flows. The method is implemented in Matlab, and predicts the velocity profile from measured electrical potential distributions obtained around the boundary of a multi-electrode electromagnetic flow meter (EMFM). Potential distributions are measured in uniform and nonuniform magnetic fields, and the velocity is assumed as a sum of axisymmetric and polynomial components. The procedure requires three steps. First, the discrete Fourier transform (DFT) is applied to the potential distribution obtained in a uniform magnetic field. Since the direction of polynomial components of order greater than two in the plane of the pipe cross section is not unique multiple solutions exist, therefore all possible polynomial velocity profiles are determined. Then, the DFT is applied to the potential distribution obtained in a specific nonuniform magnetic field, and used to calculate the exponent in a power-law representation of the axisymmetric component. Finally, the potential distribution in the non-uniform magnetic field is calculated for all of the possible velocity profile solutions using weight values, and the velocity profile with the calculated potential distribution which is closest to the measured one provides the optimum solution. The method is validated by reconstructing two quartic velocity profiles, one of which includes an axisymmetric component. The potential distributions are obtained from simulations using COMSOL Multiphysics where a model of the EMFM is constructed. The reconstructed velocity profiles show satisfactory agreement with the input velocity profiles. The main benefits of the method described in this paper are that it provides a velocity distribution in the circular cross section of a pipe as an analytical function of the spatial coordinates which is suitable for both axisymmetric and asymmetric flows.
Phytotoxicity of Sarmentine Isolated from Long Pepper (<i>Piper longum</i>) Fruit (2010)

Discovery of novel natural herbicides has become crucial to overcome increasing weed resistance and environmental issues. In this article, we describe the finding that a methanol extract of dry long pepper (Piper longum L.) fruits is phytotoxic to lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.) seedlings. The bioassay-guided fractionation and purification of the crude extract led to isolation of sarmentine (1), a known compound, as the active principle. Phytotoxicity of 1 was examined with a variety of seedlings of field crops and weeds. Results indicated that 1 was a contact herbicide and possessed broad-spectrum herbicidal activity. Moreover, a series of sarmentine analogues were then synthesized to study the structure-activity relationship (SAR). SAR studies suggested that phytotoxicity of sarmentine and its analogues was specific due to chemical structures, i.e., the analogues of the acid moiety of 1 were active, but the amine and its analogues were inactive; the ester analogues and amide analogues with a primary amine of 1 were also inactive. In addition, quantification of 1 from different resources of the dry P. longum fruits using liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry showed a wide variation, ranging from almost zero to 0.57%. This study suggests that 1 has potential as an active lead molecule for synthesized herbicides as well as for bioherbicides derived from natural resources.
Chemical inactivators as sterilization agents for bovine collagen materials (1997)

The use of collagen as a biomedical implant raises safety issues with regard to viruses and prions. Specific chemical agents that inactivate prion infectivity could be applied to collagen implants. The physicochemical changes and the in vitro and in vivo biocompatibility of collagen treated by formic acid (FA), trifluoroacetic acid (TFA), tetrafluorethanol (TFE), and hexafluoroisopropanol (HFIP) were investigated. In addition, the effects of these treatments on nucleic acids incorporated in collagen were analyzed. The molecules of FA and, more important, of TFA remained within collagen. FA, TFA, and HFIP treatments modify the secondary structure of collagen, as shown by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, while TFE does not. Differential scanning calorimetry measurements showed a decrease in the denaturation temperature compared to untreated collagen. However, resistance to collagenase was modified only after HFIP treatment. In vitro, cell growth was not impaired; in vivo, implants induced a temporary inflammatory reaction that was prolonged with TFA and HFIP treatments. TFE and FA-treated collagen were thoroughly infiltrated by fibroblasts. On the other hand, FA and TFA resulted in extensive depurination of nucleic acids while HFIP and TFE did so to a lesser degree. Among the investigated chemical scrapie inactivators, FA treatment could offer a safe and biocompatible collagen-derived material for biomedical use.
Sensing and Control of Weld Pool Geometry for Automated GTA Welding (1995)

Weld pool geometry is a crucial factor in determining welding quality, especially in the case of sheet welding. Its feedback control should be a fundamental requirement for automated welding. However, the real-time precise measurement of pool geometry is a difficult procedure. It has been shown that vision sensing is a promising approach for monitoring the weld pool geometry. Quality images that can be processed in real-time to detect the pool geometry are acquired by using a high shutter speed camera assisted with nitrogen laser as an illumination source. However, during practical welding, impurities or oxides existing on the pool surface complicate image processing. The image features are analyzed and utilized for effectively processing the image. It is shown that the proposed algorithm can always detect the pool boundary with sufficient accuracy in less than 100 ms. Based on this measuring technique, a robust adaptive system has been developed to control the pool area. Experiments show that the proposed control system can overcome the influence caused by various disturbances.
Production and Characterization of a Human Recombinant Monoclonal Fab Fragment Specific for Influenza A Viruses (2003)

A human recombinant monoclonal Fab fragment that specifically recognizes all the influenza A virus strains tested was produced in transformed Escherichia coli using the phage display technique. No strain of influenza B virus reacted with it. It was purified after four cycles of panning and by a single passage through an immunoaffinity column. About 1 mg of pure monoclonal antibody was obtained from 1 liter of culture medium in 3 working days. The Fab fragment reacted with a viral 27-kDa protein, which could reasonably be a matrix protein. Indirect immunofluorescence tests performed on virus-infected MDCK cells showed that this Fab fragment was at least equally efficient as other commercial monoclonal antibody-based systems in detecting influenza A viral infections. The potential advantages of human recombinant Fabs on murine monoclonal antibodies are discussed.
Stream sampling for variance-optimal estimation of subset sums (2008)

From a high volume stream of weighted items, we want to maintain a generic sample of a certain limited size $k$ that we can later use to estimate the total weight of arbitrary subsets. This is the classic context of on-line reservoir sampling, thinking of the generic sample as a reservoir. We present an efficient reservoir sampling scheme, $\varoptk$, that dominates all previous schemes in terms of estimation quality. $\varoptk$ provides {\em variance optimal unbiased estimation of subset sums}. More precisely, if we have seen $n$ items of the stream, then for {\em any} subset size $m$, our scheme based on $k$ samples minimizes the average variance over all subsets of size $m$. In fact, the optimality is against any off-line scheme with $k$ samples tailored for the concrete set of items seen. In addition to optimal average variance, our scheme provides tighter worst-case bounds on the variance of {\em particular} subsets than previously possible. It is efficient, handling each new item of the stream in $O(\log k)$ time. Finally, it is particularly well suited for combination of samples from different streams in a distributed setting.
Hybrid Three Dimensional (1D‐Hadamard, 2D‐Chemical Shift Imaging) Phosphorus Localized Spectroscopy of Phantom and Human Brain (1995)

A hybrid of two localized spectroscopy techniques, chemical shift imaging (CSI) and Hadamard spectroscopic imaging (HSI), is used to obtain an array of 16 x 16 x 4 (3 x 3 x 3 cm3 voxels) proton-decoupled phosphorus (31P) spectra of human brain. For equal spatial resolution, this organ's oblate shape requires fewer axial than coronal or sagittal slices. These different spatial requirements are well suited to 1D, 4th order, transverse HSI in the axial direction, combined with 2D 16 x 16 CSI in the other two orientations. The reduced localization matrix (16 x 16 x 4 over just the brain versus a cubic-16 x 16 x 16 matrix of equal resolution, over the entire head) may proportionally shorten data acquisition if the voxel size is not signal-to-noise limited. In addition, the use of Hadamard encoding can improve the intervoxel spectral isolation.
Synthesis, Crystal Structure, and Electrochemical Properties of Alluaudite Na<sub>1.702</sub>Fe<sub>3</sub>(PO<sub>4</sub>)<sub>3</sub> as a Sodium-Ion Battery Cathode (2017)

Sodium-ion batteries hold promise as an enabling technology for large-scale energy storage that is safer, less expensive, and lower environmentally impactful than their equivalent lithium-ion batteries. Reported herein is the one-pot hydrothermal synthesis, crystal structure, and electrochemical properties of a promising sodium-ion battery cathode material, an alluaudite phase of Na1.702Fe3(PO4)3. After ball milling and carbon coating, this material exhibits a reversible capacity of ∼140 mAh/g with good cycling performance (93% of the initial capacity is retained after 50 cycles) and excellent rate capability. This alluaudite compound and its method of preparation is a promising cathode for large-scale battery applications that are earth-abundant and sustainable.