gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Superconductor analog-to-digital converters and their applications (2011)

A wide variety of applications, ranging from radio-frequency (RF) receivers for broadband communications and signal detection, on earth and in space, would benefit from high-performance superconductor analog-to-digital converters (ADCs), based on magnetic flux quantization and fast switching Josephson junctions. Superconductor ADCs are capable of very high sample rates (100 GHz or more), very high linearity, and high sensitivity. Nyquist-rate ADCs use the high sample rate to digitize a wide instantaneous bandwidth (tens of GHz) and are useful for wideband spectrum monitoring as well as high-end scientific instrumentation. Delta and delta-sigma oversampling ADCs use the high linearity to achieve programmable trade-off between dynamic range and instantaneous bandwidth. These lowpass and bandpass ADCs have been used for direct digitization of narrower (tens to hundreds of MHz) RF bands in the 1-20 GHz range for a variety of communications, intelligence, electronic warfare, and radar applications. Another application area of these cryogenic ADCs is for outputs of cryogenic sensor arrays and terahertz mixers. Recent advances in various classes of ADCs for different applications are described.
HLA-G expression in melanoma: A way for tumor cells to escape from immunosurveillance (1998)

Considering the well established role of nonclassical HLA-G class I molecules in inhibiting natural killer (NK) cell function, the consequence of abnormal HLA-G expression in malignant cells should be the escape of tumors from immunosurveillance. To examine this hypothesis, we analyzed HLA-G expression and NK sensitivity in human malignant melanoma cells. Our analysis of three melanoma cell lines and ex vivo biopsy demonstrated that (i) IGR and M74 human melanoma cell lines exhibit a high level of HLA-G transcription with differential HLA-G isoform transcription and protein expression patterns, (ii) a higher level of HLA-G transcription ex vivo is detected in a skin melanoma metastasis biopsy compared with a healthy skin fragment from the same individual, and (iii) HLA-G protein isoforms other than membrane-bound HLA-G1 protect IGR from NK lysis. It thus appears of critical importance to consider the specific role of HLA-G expression in tumors in the design of future cancer immunotherapies.
Vapor Permeation Characteristics of TiO<sub>2</sub>Composite Membranes Prepared on Porous Stainless Steel Support by Sol-Gel Method (2004)

Composite membranes with a titania layer were prepared by soaking-rolling method with the titania sol of nanoparticles formed in the sol-gel process and investigated regarding the vapor permeation of various organic mixtures. The support modification was conducted by pressing <TEX>$SiO_2$</TEX> xerogel of 500 nm in particle size under 10 MPa on the surface of a porous stainless steel (SUS) substrate and designed the multi-layered structure by coating the intermediate layer of <TEX>${\gamma}-Al_2O_3$</TEX>. Microstructure of titania membrane was affected by heat-treatment and synthesis conditions of precursor sol, and titania formed at calcination temperature of 300<TEX>$^{\circ}C$</TEX> with sol of [<TEX>$H^+$</TEX>]/[TIP]=0.3 possessed surface area of 210 <TEX>$m^2$</TEX>/g, average pore size of 1.25 nm. The titania composite membrane showed high <TEX>$H_2/N_2$</TEX> selectivity and water/ethanol selectivity as 25-30 and 50-100, respectively. As a result of vapor permeation for water-alcohol and alcohol-alcohol mixture, titania composite membrane showed water-permselective and molecular-sieve permeation behavior. However, water/methanol selectivity of the membrane was very low because of chemical affinity of permeants for the membrane by similar physicochemical properties of water and methanol.
Role of Melatonin in MS Pathogenesis (S24.002) (2014)

OBJECTIVE: Characterize the role of melatonin in MS pathogenesis. BACKGROUND: Several reports show seasonal variations in MS disease activity, but no clear pattern has emerged, as shifts in monthly and seasonal relapses may respond to environmental triggers whose nature and pathophysiological mechanisms remain unknown. In our population fewer relapses were found during fall and winter with inverse correlation to melatonin levels assayed. We aim to determine whether melatonin exerts a protective effect, and if so, what might be the underlying mechanism. DESIGN/METHODS: One hundred and nineteen patients recruited in November 2010 were followed until November 2013 and clinical relapses counted. Blood samples were taken every three months during one year and melatonin metabolites levels determined in urine by ELISA. EAE was induced in C57/B6 mice and clinical scores registered. Additionally, spleen and lymph nodes were extracted on day 7, proliferation assays were performed and percentages of TH17 and Treg cells assessed by FACS. For in vitro experiments, naïve T cells were differentiated in TH17 or Treg, with or without the addition of melatonin. RESULTS: We found an inverse correlation between exacerbation rate and melatonin levels for each season (Spearman’s rho 0.94, P>0.001). Higher melatonin levels observed during fall and winter correlated with lower disease activity. We then tested whether melatonin had an effect on EAE. Decreased incidence (65% vs 87.5%P=0.001) and disease severity (mean maximum score of 1.89±0.8 vs 2.65±1.4, P=0.049) were observed in mice treated with melatonin compared to vehicle-treated mice. This effect was related to decreased numbers of TH17 cells in lymph nodes (1.12±0.27 vs 2.06±0.39, P=0.05) and increased IL-10 secretion by TH17 cells (472.5±8.5 vs. 763.6±15.5, P>0.001). CONCLUSIONS: Melatonin ameliorates EAE and may be a potential environmental factor involved in MS pathogenesis and seasonality. Study Supported by: FLENI and Allende Foundation
You are what you tweet&#x2026;pic! gender prediction based on semantic analysis of social media images (2015)

We propose a method to extract user attributes from the pictures posted in social media feeds, specifically gender information. While traditional approaches rely on text analysis or exploit visual information only from the user profile picture or colors, we propose to look at the distribution of semantics in the pictures coming from the whole feed of a person to estimate gender. In order to compute such semantic distribution, we trained models from existing visual taxonomies to recognize objects, scenes and activities, and applied them to the images in each user's feed. Experiments conducted on a set of ten thousand twitter users and their collection of half a million images revealed that the gender signal can indeed be extracted from the users image feed (75.6% accuracy). Furthermore, the combination of visual cues resulted almost as strong as textual analysis in predicting gender, while providing complementary information that can be employed to further boost gender prediction accuracy to 88% when combined with textual data. As a byproduct of our investigation, we were also able to extrapolate the semantic categories of posted pictures mostly correlated to males and females.
Broadband Sequential Power Amplifier With Doherty-Type Active Load Modulation (2015)

This paper presents the concept and the detailed analysis of a sequential power amplifier with Doherty-type active load modulation (SPA-D). By introducing a Doherty-type output combiner into the conventional sequential power amplifier (PA), highly efficient amplification over broadband and wide dynamic range for the reconfigurable output power back-off can be achieved. The proposed amplifier mimics both the sequential and the Doherty PAs by exploiting the active load modulation region that has not been considered in the design of Doherty amplifiers. A broadband SPA-D prototype having 8-dB output back-off power (OBO) is designed and implemented. The experimental results exhibit drain efficiencies of 50%-75% at 7-10-dB OBO and 57%-70% at peak power with Doherty-like behavior over 700-MHz bandwidth centered at 2.35 GHz. The ability to easily reconfigure the breakpoint is experimentally verified, providing a convenient means for optimizing the amplifier efficiency according to various wireless standards. In addition, by using a memoryless digital predistortion, the spectrum emission mask required for long-term evolution down link can be fulfilled, making it well suited for applications in modern wireless transmitters.
Analysis of genetic markers and ergovaline production in Neotyphodium endophyte-infected Fescue species collected from Italy, Spain and Denmark (2007)

Festuca grasses from various natural habitats are often infected with Neotyphodium endophytes.
Sugar-modified derivatives of cytostatic 6-(het)aryl-7-deazapurine nucleosides: 2′-C-methylribonucleosides, arabinonucleosides and 2′-deoxy-2′-fluoroarabinonucleosides (2011)

A series of novel sugar-modified derivatives of cytostatic 6-hetaryl-7-deazapurine ribonucleosides: 2′- C -methylribonucleosides, arabinonucleosides and 2′-deoxy-2′-fluoroarabinonucleosides bearing an alkyl, aryl and hetaryl group in position 6 were prepared by palladium catalyzed cross-coupling reactions of corresponding (protected) 6-chloro-(7-fluoro)-7-deazapurine nucleosides with (het)arylboronic, hetarylstannanes and trimethylaluminium eventually followed by deprotection. Key intermediate 6-chloro-7-deazapurine 2′- C -methyl-β-D-ribofuranoside was prepared via a stereoselective nucleobase anion glycosylation with toluoyl-protected 1,2-anhydro-2- C -methylribofuranose. The 1,2-anhydro sugar was synthesized in 3 steps starting from readily available 2- C -methylribonolactone. The 6-chloro-7-deazapurine arabinofuranoside intermediate was obtained by epimerization from 3′,5′-protected 6-chloro-7-deazapurine ribofuranoside via 2′-hydroxyl oxidation followed by reduction. None of the prepared compounds showed any considerable cytostatic or antiviral activity.
[Monoclonal antibodies against defined Leishmania antigens protect mice against infection by different species of Leishmania]. (1985)

Mice monoclonal antibodies (IgG) have been raised against Leishmania infantum promastigotes by fusing SP 2/0 myeloma cells and immunized mice splenic cells. The monoclonal antibodies have been detected by indirect immunofluorescence. In vivo tests showed that some of them could inhibit the life cycle of several Leishmania species from the Old and the New World. Studies of these protective monoclonals by the western blot technique showed the presence of three constant antigens (40 kD, 70 kD and 113 kD) amongst the Leishmania species studied.
Sulfur Concrete for the Construction Industry (2010)

In view of emerging challenges related to sustainable development, this book is designed to evaluate the potential applications of sulfur in the construction, asphalt pavement and sewerage management industries. Its 8 chapters are organized as follows: chapter 1 includes a brief overview of the range of technological issues in the construction industry, while emphasizing a need for an integrated approach; chapter 2 provides basic information related to sulfur cycle, supply, trade, uses and environmental issues; chapter 3 presents a brief overview of sulfur properties; chapter 4 includes fundamental aspects of manufacturing elemental sulfur concrete; chapter 5 covers basic ingredients of sulfur cement and its physicochemical properties; chapter 6 discusses sulfur concrete and its basic ingredients and performance; chapter 7 focuses on sustainable manufacturing technology for sulfur concrete production; and chapter 8 details basic concepts of sulfur-modified asphalt pavements.
The peanut allergy epidemic: allergen molecular characterisation and prospects for specific therapy (2007)

Peanut (Arachis hypogaea) allergy is a major cause of food-induced anaphylaxis, with increasing prevalence worldwide. To date, there is no cure for peanut allergy, and, unlike many other food allergies, it usually persists through to adulthood. Prevention of exposure to peanuts is managed through strict avoidance, which can be compromised by the frequent use of peanuts and peanut products in food preparations. Conventional subcutaneous-injection allergen immunotherapy using crude peanut extract is not a recommended treatment because of the risk of severe side effects, largely as a result of specific IgE antibodies. Consequently, there is an urgent need to develop a suitable peanut allergen preparation that can induce specific clinical and immunological tolerance to peanuts in allergic individuals without adverse side effects. This requires detailed molecular and immunological characterisation of the allergenic components of peanut. This article reviews current knowledge on clinically relevant peanut allergens, in particular Ara h 1, Ara h 2 and Ara h 3, together with options for T-cell-reactive but non-IgE-binding allergen variants for specific immunotherapeutic strategies. These include T-cell-epitope peptide and hypoallergenic mutant vaccines. Alternative routes of administration such as sublingual are also considered, and appropriate adjuvants for delivering effective treatments at these sites examined.
Digital switching of plasmonic nanorods with nanosecond response times (2017)

We demonstrate the digital electric field induced switching of plasmonic nanorods between 1 and 0 orthogonal aligned states using an electro-optic fluid fiber component.  We show by digitally s ...
OFDM Peak-to-Average Power Ratio Reduction by Combined Symbol Rotation and Inversion with Limited Complexity (2004)

A signal scrambling method based on combined symbol rotation and inversion (CSRI) is proposed in this paper for the peak-to-average power ratio (PAPR) reduction of OFDM signals. By dividing OFDM sequences into subblocks and performing symbol rotation and inversion in each subblock, high degrees of freedom are available to offset the possibility of encounting poor sequences with large PAPR. In order to reduce the complexity of this scheme, two suboptimal CSRI schemes; one based on a successive approach combined with symbol grouping, termed successive suboptimal CSRI (SS-CSRI) and another based on a random approach combined with threshold control, termed random sub-optimal CSRI (RS-CSRI) are also investigated. With these two schemes, the complexity can be reduced significantly with only slight performance degradation. Compared with the partial transmit sequence (PTS) scheme, simulation results show that performing symbol rotation is more effective for PAPR reduction than increasing the number of phase weighting factors with PTS.
High-voltage asymmetrical bi-directional device for system-level ESD protection of automotive applications on a BiCMOS technology (2013)

A novel high-voltage hi-directional ESD protection device for automotive applications was developed on a 0.18um BiCMOS technology. This device used an asymmetrical scheme optimized as an area-efficient solution for system-level compliance. TLP measurements showed device's excellent It2 of 120mA/um. It also demonstrated 11KV IEC 61000-4-2 contact robustness without external suppressors.
Coating Strategies for Oxidation Resistant High Temperature Mo-Si-B Alloys (2007)

During oxidation exposure of uncoated Mo-Si-B alloys, the formation of a borosilicate layer provides a good oxidation barrier, but below 750{degree sign}C, the glass is too viscous to flow and cover the entire surface of the sample. On the other hand, above 1200{degree sign}C, the evaporation rate of B2O3 is high and leads to a fast recession of the alloy. In order to enhance the oxidation resistance, two different coatings were designed by application of a kinetic bias strategy and applied by pack cementation. In one case, a continuous borosilicide coating was developed in which the ratio Si/B is controlled and adapted to the substrate. The second coating is based upon an aluminide (Mo3Al8) that is the result of aluminum pack cementation. During the oxidation, the coatings provide, respectively, a continuous protective borosilicate and a layer of alumina at the surface of the sample and enhanced oxidation resistance.
An Integrating Wide Dynamic-Range Image Sensor With a Logarithmic Response (2009)

An integrating CMOS image sensor with a wide dynamic range is described. The dynamic range of these pixels is controlled by a user-defined reference voltage that creates a photocurrent-dependent effective integration time. The operation of these pixels and a method of obtaining a well-controlled logarithmic response are both described. Furthermore, described are the results of two alternative methods of correcting the fixed pattern noise in these pixels and measurements of the temporal noise from individual pixels. These results show that with these pixels, it is possible to match the contrast sensitivity of the human visual system.
CONFLATION OF DIGITAL MAPS (1993)

The ability to absorb geographic data from multiple sources is important to IVHS applications. Much discussion has taken place regarding standards and interchange, but the next step -- absorbing data from multiple sources -- has attracted too little attention. This paper offers a new software approach to the problem of capturing geometrical and attribute data from two digital maps in order to produce a quality merged map. This process has been called conflation of maps. It requires the identification of matching features on both maps -- vertices, arcs, and areas.
Low temperature catalyst system for methanol production (1984)

This patent discloses a catalyst and process useful at low temperatures (150/sup 0/C) and preferably in the range 80 to 120/sup 0/C used in the production of methanol from carbon monoxide and hydrogen. The catalyst components are used in slurry form and comprise (1) a complex reducing agent derived from the component structure NaH-ROH-M(OAc)/sub 2/ where M is selected from the group consisting of Ni, Pd, and Co and R is a lower alkyl group containing 1 to 6 carbon atoms and (2) a metal carbonyl of a group VI (Mo, Cr, W) metal. For the first component, Nic is preferred (where M = Ni and R = tertiary amyl). For the second component, Mo(CO)/sub 6/ is preferred. The mixture is subjected to a conditioning or activating step under temperature and pressure, similar to the parameters given above, to afford the active catalyst.
Protecting content distribution networks from denial of service attacks (2005)

In this paper, we develop two mechanisms to detect DoS attacks against CDN-hosted Web sites and CDN infrastructure servers. First, we propose a novel request routing algorithm which allows CDN servers to effectively distinguish attacks from legitimate requests. Our scheme, based on a keyed hash function, significantly improves the resilience of servers to DoS attacks. Second, we introduce several site allocation algorithms based on binary codes which insure that an attack on one hosted Web site has a limited impact on other hosted sites. Our scheme guarantees that a specified minimum number of servers remain available for non-victimized sites. Together, the proposed schemes significantly improve the resilience of CDN-hosted Web sites, and complement other work on countering distributed DoS attacks.
Real-time detection and characterization of individual flowing airborne biological particles: fluorescence spectra and elastic scattering measurements (1999)

Real-time methods which is reagentless and could detect and partially characterize bioaerosols are of current interest. We present a technique for real-time measurement of UV-excited fluorescence spectra and two-dimensional angular optical scattering (TAOS) from individual flowing biological aerosol particles. The fluorescence spectra have been observed from more than 20 samples including Bacillus subtilis, Escherichia coli, Erwinia herbicola, allergens, dust, and smoke. The S/N and resolution of the spectra are sufficient for observing small lineshape differences among the same type of bioaerosol prepared under different conditions. The additional information from TAOS regarding particle size, shape, and granularity has the potential of aiding in distinguishing bacterial aerosols from other aerosols, such as diesel and cigarette smoke.
Phased array systems in silicon (2004)

Phased array systems, a special case of MIMO systems, take advantage of spatial directivity and array gain to increase spectral efficiency. Implementing a phased array system at high frequency in a commercial silicon process technology presents several challenges. This article focuses on the architectural and circuit-level trade-offs involved in the design of the first silicon-based fully integrated phased array system operating at 24 GHz. The details of some of the important circuit building blocks are also discussed. The measured results demonstrate the feasibility of using integrated phased arrays for wireless communication and vehicular radar applications at 24 GHz.
Color Image Enhancement Based on Single-Scale Retinex With a JND-Based Nonlinear Filter (2007)

In this paper, we propose a color image enhancement based on the single-scale retinex (SSR) with a just noticeable difference (JND)-based nonlinear filter. In the proposed method, an input RGB color image is transformed into an HSV color image. Under the assumption of white-light illumination, the S and V component images are enhanced. In the enhancement of the V component image, the illumination is first estimated using the JND-based nonlinear filter. The output V component image is then obtained by subtracting some portion of the log signal of the estimated illumination from the log signal of the input V component image. The histogram modeling is next applied to the output V component image. The S component image is enhanced in proportion to the enhanced ratio of the V component image. Finally an output RGB color image is obtained from the enhanced V and S component images along with the original H component image. Experimental results show that the proposed method yields better performance of color enhancement over the conventional histogram equalization and SSR for test color images.
Rigid Oligomer from Lignin in Designing of Tough, Self-Healing Elastomers (2018)

Converting lignin into well-defined compounds is often challenged by structural complexation and inorganic contamination induced by the pulping process. In this report, instead of breaking down lignin into small molecules, we extracted a uniform and rigid oligomer from the lignin waste stream. The multifunctional polyphenol oligomer containing carboxylic acid, alcohol, and phenol groups is highly reactive and brings stiffness into the material matrix. Tough and self-healing elastomers are economically prepared from this oligomer by a reaction with epoxy-terminated polyethylene glycol, without needing any solvent. Specifically, the polyaromatic backbone's rigidity enhances the elastomer's toughness, and the multiple polar substituents form a network of hydrogen bonding that heals the elastomer. Many other applications, including adhesives, hydrogels, coating, and metal scavengers, are envisioned based on this oligomer's unique properties.
Rate Adaptive Cardiac Pacing Considering Closed Loop Control (2005)

Theoretical considerations to adapt the cardiac pacing rate in accordance with the reaction of the physiological system demonstrate that the relevant information on sympathetic activity can be obtained from signals that reflect myocardial contractility. Measurement is performed by using the conductance method with the stimulation electrode in the right ventricular cavity as measuring electrode. In a multicentric study RES-Q has been proven as an indicator of sympathetic tone that can reliably been detected under various clinical conditions. Employing RES-Q for the determination of the Inotropic Index (II) allows the restoration of closed-loop control for the cardiac pacing rate considering individual requirements.