gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Proactive unnecessary handover avoidance scheme in LTE-A small cells (2014)

In this paper, the unnecessary handover avoidance scheme is discussed in Long Term Evolution-Advanced (LTE-A) small cells. Specifically, a handover is considered as unnecessary one if the active time in the target cell (i.e., duration where the user equipment can perform data communication) is not larger than a pre-defined threshold, where the active time is predicted before the handover through the average increased active time due to one packet arrival and the number of packets arriving during the dwell time in the cell. After that, if the probability that the active time is not larger than the pre-defined threshold is large enough, the source eNB would not carry out such handover due to the potential unnecessary handover. The numerical and simulation results verify that the proposed scheme can avoid the unnecessary handover precisely and efficiently.
Operating Characteristics of Small Position-Sensitive Mercuric Iodide Detectors (1982)

Room temperature semiconductors are potentially attractive candidates for gamma cameras because of their compactness and high spatial resolution. We have evaluated position-sensitive HgI2 detectors for use in high resolution small area gamma cameras. Two 0.5 mm thick detectors resolved by orthogonal strips into elements 1.75 mm on a side and 0.9 mm on a side have been tested. The spatial resolution is 2 mm FWO.1M and 1 mm FWO.1M respectively. Energy resolution is improved by measuring energy from the anode in coincidence with the cathode signal of the detector. An energy resolution of 6.8 keV FWHM at 122 keV and 5.7 keV FWHM at 60 keV has been observed.
Design and synthesis of cholesterol-bonded fullerene and porphyrin derivatives for the preparation of a self-assembled donor–acceptor system (2012)

The cholesterol-bonded fullerene and porphyrin derivatives were synthesised and characterised. Donor–acceptor thin films were self-assembled through the interaction between cyclodextrin and the cholesterol groups on porphyrin and fullerene derivatives. These uniform films were characterised by ultraviolet–visible and fluorescence spectroscopies. Scanning electron microscopy indicated that the self-assembled film had a chain-like fibre structure with the chains having a diameter of about 50 nm. The intermolecular interaction between chromophores and the formation of complex based on cholesterol and cyclodextrin were proven by the quenching of fluorescence due to the charge transfer from porphyrin moieties to the fullerene units.
Design of the First-in-Human Study of IONIS-MAPTRx, a Tau-lowering Antisense Oligonucleotide, in Patients With Alzheimer Disease (S2.006) (2018)

To design a study to test IONIS-MAPTRx an antisense oligonucleotide (ASO) developed to specifically, potently and safely reduce MAPT mRNA in patients with tauopathies.
Development and test of the Ball Aerospace optical frequency comb: a versatile measurement tool for aerospace applications (2016)

The Ball Fiber Optical Comb Demo is a lab-based system which is used to develop space applications for optical frequency combs. These developments utilize the broadband optical coherence of the frequency comb to expand the capabilities of ground test and orbital systems used for optical wave-front measurement, control of adaptive optics, precision ranging, and reference frequency stabilization. The work expands upon a NIST-developed all-fiber frequency comb that exhibits high stability in a compact, enclosed package. Previously demonstrated applications for frequency combs include: Spectroscopy, distance and velocity measurement, frequency conversion, and timing transfer. Results from the Ball system show the characterization and performance of a frequency comb system with a technological path-to-space. Demonstrations in high precision metrology and long distance ranging are also presented for application in adaptive and multi-body optical systems.
Antimicrobial activity and stability of the d-amino acid substituted derivatives of antimicrobial peptide polybia-MPI (2016)

Antimicrobial peptide has the potential to be developed as new kind of antimicrobial agents with novel action mechanism. However, the susceptibility to protease is a drawback for potential peptides to be clinical used. D-amino acid substitution can be one way to increase the proteolytic stability of peptides. In the present study, we synthesized the D-lysines substituted analog (D-lys-MPI) and the D-enantiomer of polybia-MPI (D-MPI) to improve the proteolytic resistance of polybia-MPI. Our results showed that, the stability of its D-amino acid partially substituted analog D-lys-MPI was increased. However, it lost antimicrobial activity at the tested concentration with the loss of α-helix content. As shown in the CD spectra, after substitution, the spectra of D-MPI is symmetrical to MPI, indicated it turned into left hand α-helical conformation. Excitingly, the stability of D-MPI toward the tested protease was improved greatly. Notably, the antimicrobial activity of D-MPI was comparable to its L-counterpart MPI, even improved. In addition, the hemolytic activity of D-MPI was lowered. This also indicated that the action target of antimicrobial peptide polybia-MPI was not chiral specific. So, D-MPI may offer a therapeutic strategy to defend the infection of microbes, considering its stability to protease and relatively lower cytotoxicity to human erythrocytes.
Matrix Realignment Method for Calculating the Partial Transposes and the Partial Traces of Density Matrices (2008)

Motivated by Peres's work [A. Peres, Phys. Rev. Lett. 77: 1413-1415 (1996)] and Horodeckis' work [M, Horodecki, P. Horodecki, and R. Horodecki, Phys. Lett. A 223: 1-8 (1996)], we develop a very simple method to directly calculate the partial transposes and the partial traces of density matrices in C <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">M</sup> otimes C <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">N</sup> and C <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> otimes C <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> otimes C <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">N</sup> composite quantum systems, which is based a realignment matrix constructed from the original density matrices.
Data Science in Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation (2019)

The biomedical scientific community is in the midst of a significant expansion in how data are used to accomplish the important goals of reducing disability and improving health care. Data science is the academic discipline emerging from this expansion. Data science reflects a new approach to the acquisition, storage, analysis, and interpretation of scientific knowledge. The potential benefits of data science are transforming biomedical research and will lead physical medicine and rehabilitation in exciting new directions. Understanding this transformation will require modifying and expanding the education, training, and research infrastructure that support rehabilitation science and practice.
Pressure-induced loss of electronic interlayer state and metallization in the ionic solid<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mml:mrow><mml:msub><mml:mrow><mml:mtext>Li</mml:mtext></mml:mrow><mml:mn>3</mml:mn></mml:msub><mml:mtext>N</mml:mtext></mml:mrow></mml:math>: Experiment and theory (2008)

Results of x-ray diffraction and nitrogen $K$-edge x-ray Raman scattering (XRS) investigations of the crystal and electronic structure of ionic compound ${\text{Li}}_{3}\text{N}$ across two high-pressure phase transitions [A. Lazicki et al., Phys. Rev. Lett. 95, 165503 (2005)] are interpreted using density-functional theory. A low-energy peak in the XRS spectrum which is observed in both low-pressure hexagonal phases of ${\text{Li}}_{3}\text{N}$ and absent in the high-pressure cubic phase is found to originate from an interlayer band similar to the important free-electron-like state present in the graphite and graphite intercalated systems, but not observed previously in ionic insulators. XRS detection of the interlayer state is made possible because of its strong hybridization with the nitrogen $p$ bands. A pressure-induced increase in the band gap of the high-pressure cubic phase of ${\text{Li}}_{3}\text{N}$ is explained by the differing pressure dependencies of different quantum-number bands and is shown to be a feature of several low-$Z$ closed-shell ionic materials.
Next-Generation Sequencing Strategies (2018)

More than a decade ago, the term "next-generation" sequencing was coined to describe what was, at the time, revolutionary new methods to sequence RNA and DNA at a faster pace and cheaper cost than could be performed by standard bench-top protocols. Since then, the field of DNA sequencing has evolved at a rapid pace, with new breakthroughs allowing capacity to exponentially increase and cost to dramatically decrease. As genome-scale sequencing has become routine, a paradigm shift is occurring in genomics, which uses the power of high-throughput, rapid sequencing power with large-scale studies. These new approaches to genetic discovery will provide direct impact to fields such as personalized medicine, evolution, and biodiversity. This work reviews recent technology advances and methods in next-generation sequencing and highlights current large-scale sequencing efforts driving the evolution of the genomics space.
Visual focusing and transition techniques in a treeviewer for Web information access (2002)

We discuss the visual focusing and transition techniques embodied in a Bellcore Java applet called AMIT (Animated Multiscale Interactive Treeviewer), whose purpose is to improve Web information access. AMIT integrates fisheye tree browsing with search and filtering techniques. Multiple foci are selected by direct manipulation, content-based search, variable scoring functions, and what we call node sharing. Focus is realized with two methods of user- or system-driven tree reduction and visual emphasis is accomplished with variable font scaling and color. All transitions are animated and deal with the problems of adding and deleting tree elements, changing font sizes, and shifts in scrolling position. We relate our work to a notion of cohesion in visual discourse.
Induction electrohydrodynamic pumping-selecting an optimum working fluid (2002)

An induction electrohydrodynamic (EHD) pump in a horizontal configuration was built. Different dielectric fluids were compared to establish which produced the best pumping performance. Experimental results show that pumping performance depends on fluid properties, primarily fluid viscosity and electrical conductivity. Pumping velocities as high as 35 cm/s with doped, 100 p.p.m., n-hexane were achieved. This improvement makes induction EHD pumping attractive for certain industrial applications.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Transcriptome Profile Analysis of Triple-Negative Breast Cancer Cells in Response to a Novel Cytostatic Tetrahydroisoquinoline Compared to Paclitaxel (2021)

The absence of chemotherapeutic target hormone receptors in breast cancer is descriptive of the commonly known triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) subtype. TNBC remains one of the most aggressive invasive breast cancers, with the highest mortality rates in African American women. Therefore, new drug therapies are continually being explored. Microtubule-targeting agents such as paclitaxel (Taxol) interfere with microtubules dynamics, induce mitotic arrest, and remain a first-in-class adjunct drug to treat TNBC. Recently, we synthesized a series of small molecules of substituted tetrahydroisoquinolines (THIQs). The lead compound of this series, with the most potent cytostatic effect, was identified as 4-Ethyl-<i>N</i>-(7-hydroxy-3,4-dihydroisoquinolin-2(1<i>H</i>)-yl) benzamide (GM-4-53). In our previous work, GM-4-53 was similar to paclitaxel in its capacity to completely abrogate cell cycle in MDA-MB-231 TNBC cells, with the former not impairing tubulin depolymerization. Given that GM-4-53 is a cytostatic agent, and little is known about its mechanism of action, here, we elucidate differences and similarities to paclitaxel by evaluating whole-transcriptome microarray data in MDA-MB-231 cells. The data obtained show that both drugs were cytostatic at non-toxic concentrations and caused deformed morphological cytoskeletal enlargement in 2D cultures. In 3D cultures, the data show greater core penetration, observed by GM-4-53, than paclitaxel. In concentrations where the drugs entirely blocked the cell cycle, the transcriptome profile of the 48,226 genes analyzed (selection criteria: (<i>p</i>-value, FDR <i>p</i>-value < 0.05, fold change -2< and >2)), paclitaxel evoked 153 differentially expressed genes (DEGs), GM-4-53 evoked 243 DEGs, and, of these changes, 52/153 paclitaxel DEGs were also observed by GM-4-53, constituting a 34% overlap. The 52 DEGS analysis by String database indicates that these changes involve transcripts that influence microtubule spindle formation, chromosome segregation, mitosis/cell cycle, and transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) signaling. Of interest, both drugs effectively downregulated "inhibitor of DNA binding, dominant negative helix-loop-helix" (ID) transcripts; ID1, ID3 and ID4, and amphiregulin (AREG) and epiregulin (EREG) transcripts, which play a formidable role in cell division. Given the efficient solubility of GM-4-53, its low molecular weight (MW; 296), and capacity to penetrate a small solid tumor mass and effectively block the cell cycle, this drug may have future therapeutic value in treating TNBC or other cancers. Future studies will be required to evaluate this drug in preclinical models.
Comparing display integration strategies for control of a simple steam plant (2002)

Graphical user interfaces (GUIs) are becoming increasingly common for application software in process control. By necessity, process control applications manage numerous complex constraints. Conventional interfaces display the states of a system without conveying the constraints which drastically reduce the evolutions which must be considered. The authors' model resolves this difficulty by presenting system parameters in the context of ecological constraints mirroring those of the underlying process. A simulation of a simple steam plant with five different GUIs was used in this experiment. The displays were a conventional dials display, a mimic display, an object display, a seesaw analogue and a fluid-tank analogue. Poor over-all performance in maintaining specified values was found for the seesaw and the object displays. The dials and the mimic displays performed similarly with greater accuracy. The best control was observed in the experimental fluid-tanks display. These findings are consistent with the authors' hypotheses. For over-all failure detection there were few differences between the dials, object and fluid-tank. The seesaw display led the way with false alarms and latency of detection. The mimic display produced average latencies but with poorer accuracy.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Bispecific monoclonal antibody complexes bound to primate erythrocyte complement receptor 1 facilitate virus clearance in a monkey model (1997)

We investigated the feasibility of using bispecific mAb complexes to redirect and improve the efficiency of the primate E complement receptor 1-based clearance reaction to remove a virus from the circulation. As an initial approach, we used bacteriophage phiX174 as an immunologic model for mammalian viruses. Bispecific complexes were prepared by chemically cross-linking a mAb specific for complement receptor 1 with a mAb specific for the bacteriophage phiX174. In a monkey model these complexes facilitate rapid and quantitative binding of the target bacteriophage to E in vitro and in vivo. Moreover, after in vivo binding to E, the complexes containing mAb and prototype virus are rapidly cleared from the circulation of rhesus and cynomolgus monkeys without loss of E. Our findings suggest that bispecific mAb complexes, in concert with primate E complement receptor 1, may have therapeutic utility in the treatment of diseases associated with blood-borne pathogens.
Novel strategies for reducing the false alarm rate in a speaker segmentation system (2010)

Reliable speaker segmentation is critical in many applications in the speech processing domain. In this paper, we extend our earlier formulation for false alarm reduction in a typical state-of-art speaker segmentation system. Specifically, we present two novel strategies for reducing the false alarm rate with a minimal impact on the true speaker change detection rate. One of the new strategies rejects, given a discard probability, those changes that are suspicious of being false alarms because of their low ΔBIC value; and the other one assumes that the occurrence of changes constitute a Poisson process, so changes will be discarded with a probability that follows a Poisson cumulative density function. Our experiments show the improvements obtained with each false alarm reduction approach using the Spanish Parliament Sessions defined for the 2006 TC-STAR Automatic Speech Recognition evaluation campaign.
DBC substrate in Si- and SiC-based power electronics modules: Design, fabrication and failure analysis (2013)

In this paper, the failure mechanisms of the direct bonding copper (DBC) substrate under the condition of temperature cycling are studied. The cyclic temperature considered ranges from -40°C to 200°C. Furthermore, finite element method is used to optimize the DBC substrate structure in order to reduce the thermal stress and improve the reliability and fatigue life of power modules. Various factors are taken into account to optimize the DBC substrate, such as the thicknesses of copper layer, with or without dimples on copper layer, and the angle of copper coating. The simulation results showed that thinner copper layer thickness, smaller copper coating angle, or copper layer with dimples could decrease the plastic strain at the edge of the substrate, which make the DBC substrate have a longer lifetime under temperature cycling condition.
Competing interests make reform a tough task (1993)

Five years ago, I returned to the University of Michigan to pursue a doctoral degree in health economics and policy. Although I had been a practicing physician for almost 20 years, I lacked a basic understanding of the American health care system. I was uncertain how Medicare and Medicaid worked. Terms like single-payer system, all-payer system, HMO, PPO, PSRO, and HCFA were unclear in my mind. I also labored under the naivete of the uninformed in that I felt there must be easier and better ways of providing for the health of the nation.
[Study of the month. The RALES study (randomized aldactone evaluation study]. (1999)

RALES was a double-blind study which enrolled 1.663 patients with severe heart failure and a left ventricular ejection fraction of no more than 35 percent who were being treated with an angiotensin-converting-enzyme inhibitor, a loop diuretic and, in most cases, digoxin. A total of 822 patients were randomly assigned to receive 25 mg of spironolactone daily and 841 to receive placebo. The primary end point of the study was death from all causes. The trial was discontinued early after a mean follow-up of 24 months because an interim analysis determined that spironolactone was efficacious. There were indeed 386 deaths in the placebo group (46%) and 284 in the spironolactone group (35%) (relative risk of death: 0.70; 95% confidence interval, 0.60-0.82; p < 0.001). The reduction of mortality among patients in the spironolactone group was attributable to a lower risk of sudden cardiac death and of death from progressive heart failure. Patients treated by spironolactone had a lower hospitalization rate for worsening heart failure; they also had a significant improvement in the symptoms of heart failure as assessed by the New York Heart Association functional class. Serious hyperkalemia was minimal in both groups of patients. Gynecomastia or breast pain was reported in 10% of men who were treated with spironolactone as compared with 1% of men in the placebo group (p < 0.001).
Hetero Cu(III)–Pd(II) Complex of a Dibenzo[<i>g</i>,<i>p</i>]chrysene-Fused Bis-dicarbacorrole with Stable Organic Radical Character (2017)

Bis-dicarbacorrole (bis-H<sub>3</sub>) with two adj-CCNN subunits was synthesized by incorporating a dibenzo[g,p]chrysene moiety into the macrocyclic structure. The two trianionic cores in bis-H<sub>3</sub> can stabilize two Cu(III) ions (bis-Cu) or concurrently a Cu(III) cation and a Pd(II) ion in the form of a hetero bis-metal complex (mix-Cu/Pd). As prepared, mix-Cu/Pd displays organic π radical character, as confirmed by various techniques, including electron paramagnetic resonance spectroscopy, cyclic voltammetry, femtosecond transient absorption measurements, and DFT calculations. Radical formation is ascribed to one-electron transfer from the dicarbacorrole backbone to the Pd center allowing the d<sup>8</sup> Pd(II) center to be accommodated in a square planner coordination geometry. Nucleus-independent chemical shift and anisotropy of the induced current density calculations provide support for the conclusion that bis-H<sub>3</sub> and bis-Cu both display antiaromatic character and contain two formally 16 π-electron dicarbacorrole subunits. On this basis, we suggest that mix-Cu/Pd is best considered as containing a fused 15 π-electron nonaromatic radical subunit and a 16 π-electron antiaromatic subunit. The spectroscopic observations are consistent with these assignments.
Simultaneous hyperspectral differential-CARS, TPF and SHG microscopy with a single 5 fs Ti:Sa laser (2013)

We have developed a multimodal multiphoton laser-scanning microscope for cell imaging featuring simultaneous acquisition of differential Coherent Antistokes Raman Scattering (D-CARS), two-photon fluorescence (TPF) and second harmonic generation (SHG) using a single 5 fs Ti:Sa broadband (660-970 nm) laser. The spectral and temporal pulse requirements of these modalities were optimized independently by splitting the laser spectrum into three parts: TPF/SHG excitation (> 900 nm), CARS Pump excitation (< 730 nm), and CARS Stokes excitation (730-900 nm). In particular, by applying an equal linear chirp to pump and Stokes pulses using glass dispersion we achieved a CARS spectral resolution of 10 cm(-1), and acquired CARS images over the 1200-3800 cm(-1) vibrational range selected by the time delay between pump and Stokes. A prism pulse compressor in the TPF/SHG excitation was used to achieve Fourier limited 30 fs pulses at the sample for optimum TPF and SHG. D-CARS was implemented with few passive optical elements and enabled simultaneous excitation and detection of two vibrational frequencies with a separation adjustable from 20 cm(-1) to 150 cm(-1) for selective chemical contrast and background suppression. The excitation/detection set-up using beam-scanning was built around a commercial inverted microscope stand providing conventional bright-field, differential interference contrast and epi-fluorescence for user-friendly characterization of biological samples. Examples of CARS hyperspectral images and simultaneous acquisition of D-CARS, TPF and SHG images in both forward and epi-direction are shown on HeLa cells, stem-cell derived human adipocytes and mouse tissues.