gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
On management of free space in compressed memory systems (1999)

This paper considers issues relevant to Operating System control of systems with compressed main memory. The notion of "allocated but unused storage" is introduced. This represents storage which has been recently allocated by the Operating System, but which does not yet occupy physical memory because the lines have not yet been cast out of the cache. We propose that control policies incorporate estimates of allocated but unused storage , as such storage represents a major way in which compressibility can dramatically change. The paper addresses the estimation of allocated but unused storage and analyzes its accuracy on system traces.
Optimal scheduling analysis of treelike hybrid multi-cluster tools (2016)

A hybrid multi-cluster tool is composed of both dual and single-arm robotic tools. Since their behavior is different, it is very challenging to coordinate their activities in such a tool and to schedule it optimally. This work aims at finding such a schedule for a treelike hybrid multi-cluster tool whose bottleneck tool is assumed to be process-bound. Resource-oriented Petri nets are extended to model the system. With the model, this work shows the conditions under which there is a one-wafer cyclic schedule such that the least cycle time can be obtained. An efficient algorithm is proposed then to test the existence of such a schedule and find it if existing. Example is given to illustrate the derived approaches.
Fusion of a Kinase Gene, <i>ALK</i> , to a Nucleolar Protein Gene, <i>NPM</i> , in Non-Hodgkin's Lymphoma (1994)

The 2;5 chromosomal translocation occurs in most anaplastic large-cell non-Hodgkin's lymphomas arising from activated T lymphocytes. This rearrangement was shown to fuse the NPM nucleolar phosphoprotein gene on chromosome 5q35 to a previously unidentified protein tyrosine kinase gene, ALK, on chromosome 2p23. In the predicted hybrid protein, the amino terminus of nucleophosmin (NPM) is linked to the catalytic domain of anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK). Expressed in the small intestine, testis, and brain but not in normal lymphoid cells, ALK shows greatest sequence similarity to the insulin receptor subfamily of kinases. Unscheduled expression of the truncated ALK may contribute to malignant transformation in these lymphomas.
Using Evolutionary Algorithms to Induce Oblique Decision Trees (2000)

This paper illustrates the application of evolutionary algorithms (EAs) to the problem of oblique decision tree induction. The objectives are to demonstrate that EAs can find classifiers whose accuracy is competitive with other oblique tree construction methods, and that at least in some cases this can be accomplished in a shorter time. Experiments were performed with a (1+1) evolution strategy and a simple genetic algorithm on public domain and artificial data sets. The empirical results suggest that the EAs quickly find competitive classifiers, and that EAs scale up better than traditional methods to the dimensionality of the domain and the number of instances used in training.
Content-adaptive parallax barriers for automultiscopic 3D display (2010)

We optimize the performance of automultiscopic barrier-based displays, constructed by stacking a pair of LCD panels. To date, such displays have conventionally employed heuristically-determined parallax barriers, containing a fixed array of slits or pinholes, to provide view-dependent imagery. While recent methods adapt barriers to one or more viewers, we show that both layers can be adapted to the multi-view content as well. The resulting content-adaptive parallax barriers increase display brightness and frame rate. We prove that any 4D light field created by dual-stacked LCDs is the tensor product of two 2D mask functions. Thus, a pair of 1D masks only achieves a rank-1 approximation of a 2D light field. We demonstrate higher-rank approximations using temporal multiplexing.
Calcium Sensing Receptor Activators: Calcimimetics (2007)

The calcium sensing receptor (CaR) is a G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) that plays a fundamental role in serum calcium homeostasis. The CaR is expressed on the chief cells of the parathyroid gland and is responsible for controlling the secretion of parathyroid hormone (PTH). PTH acts on several organs including the bone, kidney, and intestine to tightly regulate the concentration of serum calcium. Substances other than calcium that activate the CaR are referred to as calcimimetics. Calcimimetics that bind to the CaR as agonists are referred to as type I. Type II calcimimetics bind to a site that is distinct from the physiological ligand and function as positive allosteric modulators of the CaR. Type II calcimimetics amplify the sensitivity of the CaR to serum calcium and are thus able to lower the concentration of serum PTH. Calcimimetics are being pursued as therapeutics for the treatment of disorders that are characterized by elevated levels of PTH such as primary and secondary hyperparathyroidism (primary HPT and secondary HPT). In this review, we provide an overview of key results in the discovery of cinacalcet HCl (Sensipar in the US, Mimpara in Europe). In addition, other recently disclosed type II calcimimetics are discussed.
Film Bulk Acoustic-Wave Resonator based radiation sensor (2010)

This paper describes a high-energy electromagnetic wave radiation detection device using zinc oxide (ZnO) based Film Bulk Acoustic-Wave Resonator (FBAR). The resonant frequency of the FBAR decreased after gamma radiation, with the peak sensitivity of 9.3 kHz/krad and minimum detectable dosage of 218 rad occurring at the lowest experimental dose of 20 krad (all dosages are calibrated with ZnO), while the sensitivity decreased with increasing total ionizing dosage. The incident radiation generated charges that was trapped near the ZnO-silicon nitride (SiN) interface, which increased the plate capacitance of the FBAR, resulting in the decrease of resonant frequency.
Evaluation of novel impulse voltage generator for detecting partial discharge (2013)

The Inverter surge is a high-voltage phenomenon that is generated by the overlap returning wave by impedance mismatching to an inverter and load like cables and motors. The inverter has been available by advancement of control system of electrical instrument, such as the industrial motor. The increase of current changing rate with the advance of power semiconductor causes the surge voltage to rise, increasing the number of failure events. The evaluation technology by partial discharge (PD) measurement is important because the mechanism leading to breakdown by the inverter surge is a cause of PD. In this study, a repetitive impulse voltage generator has been developed which is used in detecting PD in the inverter surge. We report the result that repetitive impulse voltage was applied to confirm the insulation dignity of inverter-fed motor insulation using the repetitive impulse voltage generator.
<title>Color-encoded fringe projection and phase shifting for 3D surface contouring</title> (1998)

A color-encoded fringe projection and phase shifting technique is proposed for rapid 3-D surface contouring applications. A color fringe pattern whose RGB components comprise three phase-shifted fringe patterns is created by software on a computer screen and then projected to an object by a novel computer-controlled digital projection system. The image of the object is captured by a digital camera positioned at an angle different from that of the projection system. The image is then separated into its RGB components, creating three phase-shifted images of the object. These three images are used to retrieve the 3-D surface contour of the object through the use of a phase wrapping and unwrapping algorithm. Only one image of the object is required to obtain its 3-D surface contour. Thus contouring speed, limited only by the frame rate of the camera, can be dramatically increased as compared to that of the traditional phase shifting techniques. The technique is especially useful in applications where the object being contoured is going through quasi-static or dynamic changes. This paper describes the principle of the technique and presents some preliminary experimental results.
The Fe3+:Al2O3 Whispering Gallery Mode Maser Oscillator (2007)

The Fe <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3+</sup> :Al <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> O <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3</sub> whispering gallery mode maser oscillator is presented in this paper. Preliminary results already show a frequency stability of about 10 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">-14</sup> for integration times up to 30 s. A model combining the rate equations and the electromagnetic field in the sapphire is presented. Paramagnetic properties and maser sensitivity to external parameters have been conducted to verify the validity of our model.
Development and Evaluation of an Ebola Virus Glycoprotein Mucin-Like Domain Replacement System as a New Dendritic Cell-Targeting Vaccine Approach against HIV-1 (2021)

The development of efficient vaccine approaches against HIV infection remains challenging in the vaccine field. Here, we developed an Ebola virus envelope glycoprotein (EboGP)-based chimeric fusion protein system and demonstrated that replacement of the mucin-like domain (MLD) of EboGP with HIV C2-V3-C3 (134 amino acids [aa]) or C2-V3-C3-V4-C4-V5-C5 (243 aa) polypeptides (EbGPΔM-V3 and EbGPΔM-V3-V5, respectively) still maintained the efficiency of EboGP-mediated viral entry into human macrophages and dendritic cells (DCs). Animal studies using mice revealed that immunization with virus-like particles (VLPs) containing the above chimeric proteins, especially EbGPΔM-V3, induced significantly more potent anti-HIV antibodies than HIV gp120 alone in mouse serum and vaginal fluid. Moreover, the splenocytes isolated from mice immunized with VLPs containing EbGPΔM-V3 produced significantly higher levels of gamma interferon (IFN-γ), interleukin 2 (IL-2), IL-4, IL-5, and macrophage inflammatory protein 1α (MIP-1α). Additionally, we demonstrated that coexpression of EbGPΔM-V3 and the HIV Env glycoprotein in a recombinant vesicular stomatitis virus (rVSV) vector elicited robust anti-HIV antibodies that may have specifically recognized epitopes outside or inside the C2-V3-C3 region of HIV-1 gp120 and cross-reacted with the gp120 from different HIV strains. Thus, this study has demonstrated the great potential of this DC-targeting vaccine platform as a new vaccine approach for improving immunogen delivery and increasing vaccine efficacy. <b>IMPORTANCE</b> Currently, there are more than 38.5 million reported cases of HIV globally. To date, there is no approved vaccine for HIV-1 infection. Thus, the development of an effective vaccine against HIV infection remains a global priority. This study revealed the efficacy of a novel dendritic cell (DC)-targeting vaccination approach against HIV-1. The results clearly show that the immunization of mice with virus-like particles (VLPs) and VSVs containing HIV Env and a fusion protein composed of a DC-targeting domain of Ebola virus GP with HIV C2-V3-C3 polypeptides (EbGPΔM-V3) could induce robust immune responses against HIV-1 Env and/or Gag in serum and vaginal mucosa. These findings provide a proof of concept of this novel and efficient DC-targeting vaccine approach in delivering various antigenic polypeptides of HIV-1 and/or other emergent infections to the host antigen-presenting cells to prevent HIV and other viral infections.
The effects of branched-chain amino acids on sow and litter performance. (2000)

Sows (n = 306; PIC, Line C-19; average parity 2.1) were used to evaluate the interrelationship between valine, isoleucine, and leucine on sow and litter performance. Our objective was to determine whether the increase in litter weaning weight associated with added dietary valine is specific for valine or a result of the total branched-chain amino acid (i.e., isoleucine and[or] leucine) concentration of the diet. Eight dietary treatments (36 to 41 sows/treatment) were arranged as a 2 x 2 x 2 factorial with two levels of valine (.80 and 1.20%), isoleucine (.68 and 1.08%), and leucine (1.57 and 1.97%). This provided total branched-chain amino acid levels of 3.05, 3.45, 3.85, and 4.25%. The lowest level of each branched-chain amino acid was similar to that in a .90% lysine corn-soybean meal diet containing .15% L-lysine HCl. Amino acids other than valine, isoleucine, and leucine met or exceeded their suggested estimates relative to lysine using ratios derived from the National and Agricultural Research Councils. Average number of pigs on d 2 of lactation was 11.2, and average lactation length was 20.9 d. Number of pigs weaned (x = 10.6), sow ADFI (x = 5.85 kg), and sow weight loss (x = 4.25 kg) were not affected by dietary treatment (P > .10). Sow backfat loss (P < .02), litter weaning weight (P < .04), and litter weight gain from d 2 to weaning (P > .05) increased as dietary valine increased. Litter weight at weaning and litter weight gain were not affected by dietary isoleucine (P > .80) or leucine (P > .60). Sixteen or 17 sows per treatment (129 total) were milked manually on d 14 to 16 of lactation. Increasing dietary valine tended to increase milk urea N (P < .07) but did not affect milk DM, CP, fat, lactose, or ash. Increasing dietary isoleucine or leucine had no effects on milk composition. These results confirm the importance of dietary valine for increased litter weaning weight, independent of either additional dietary leucine or isoleucine.
Toll-like Receptor 7 Selective Synthetic Oligoribonucleotide Agonists: Synthesis and Structure−Activity Relationship Studies (2009)

We previously reported a novel class of stabilized immune-modulatory RNA (SIMRA) compounds that activates TLR8 or both TLR7 and TLR8 depending on the nucleotide composition and chemical modifications incorporated. In the present study, to identify TLR7-selective agonists, we designed and synthesized novel SIMRA compounds with varying sequence compositions substituting 7-deaza-G for natural guanosine and studied immune-stimulatory activity in cell-based assays and in vivo in mice. SIMRA compounds activated NF-kappaB in HEK293 cells expressing TLR7 and induced cytokine production in mouse spleen cells and human PBMCs and higher levels of IFN-alpha in human pDCs, which correlated with TLR7 activation. Subcutaneous administration of SIMRA compounds to mice increased serum cytokine levels. TLR knockout mouse studies showed that both TLR7 and MyD88 are required for activity of SIMRA compounds. The presence of a 5'-AA/CN (A > C and N = U/C/7-deaza-G) and/or C/AUU-3' (C > A) trinucleotide at the 5'- and 3'-ends of SIMRA compound along with a 5'-AN(1)N(2)UG1A-3' (N(1) = A/C; N(2) = U/C/7-deaza-G) or UG1AZ(1)G1Z(2)UU (Z(1) = A < C; Z(2) = C < A) motif confers TLR7 selectivity over other sequence compositions. In conclusion, we have designed and synthesized novel SIMRA compounds that selectively act as agonists of TLR7.
Antitumor Activity of Pyridocarbazole and Benzopyridoindole Derivatives that Inhibit Protein Kinase CK2 (2010)

The alkyloid compound ellipticine derived from the berrywood tree is a topoisomerase II poison that is used in ovarian and breast cancer treatment. In this study, we report the identification of ellipticine derivatives and their tetracyclic angular benzopyridoindole analogues as novel ATP-competitive inhibitors of the protein kinase CK2. In vitro and in vivo assays showed that these compounds have a good pharmacologic profile, causing a marked inhibition of CK2 activity associated with cell cycle arrest and apoptosis in human cancer cells. Further, in vivo assays demonstrate antitumor activity in a mouse xenograft model of human glioblastoma. Finally, crystal structures of CK2-inhibitor complex provide structural insights on the molecular basis of CK2 inhibition. Our work lays the foundation for development of clinically useful CK2 inhibitors derived from a well-studied scaffold with suitable pharmacokinetics parameters.
Disruption of the <i>CFTR</i> Gene Produces a Model of Cystic Fibrosis in Newborn Pigs (2008)

Almost two decades after CFTR was identified as the gene responsible for cystic fibrosis (CF), we still lack answers to many questions about the pathogenesis of the disease, and it remains incurable. Mice with a disrupted CFTR gene have greatly facilitated CF studies, but the mutant mice do not develop the characteristic manifestations of human CF, including abnormalities of the pancreas, lung, intestine, liver, and other organs. Because pigs share many anatomical and physiological features with humans, we generated pigs with a targeted disruption of both CFTR alleles. Newborn pigs lacking CFTR exhibited defective chloride transport and developed meconium ileus, exocrine pancreatic destruction, and focal biliary cirrhosis, replicating abnormalities seen in newborn humans with CF. The pig model may provide opportunities to address persistent questions about CF pathogenesis and accelerate discovery of strategies for prevention and treatment.
Saturation of scintillation effects on the Cn2, I0, heat, and momentum fluxes scintillometer (1990)

An optical scintillometer has recently been developed to measure C n 2 , I 0 , and the surface fluxes of heat and momentum. This scintillometer uses a diverged HeNe laser beam received through a 1 mm aperture and, on the same path, a 4.4 cm diameter incoherently illuminated aperture with a 4.4 cm diameter receiver aperture. Because of the wide dynamic range of atmospheric turbulence and the need for an unattended, reliable scintillometer, both received signals are logarithmically amplified. Two such scintillometers were operated simultaneously, one on a 500 m path so that strong scintillations are observed, and another on a 150 m path in the center of the longer path so that C n 2 and Io could be obtained with weak scintillation approximations. This operation provides all the parameters needed to compare the data with theory, because the experiment site is horizontally homogeneous. The laser-beam scintillation from the 500 m path is compared with the heuristic theory for log-amplitude scintillation. The large-aperture data is compared with the first-term asymptotic theory for strong scintillations of a spatially extended incoherent source. It is found that the effects of saturation can be corrected, and the values of Cn 2 , Io, and heat momentum fluxes can be obtained, even for such long paths and strong scintillations.
Generation of Kerr frequency combs in a sapphire whispering gallery mode microresonator (2014)

We study theoretically and demonstrate experimentally generation of coherent optical frequency combs in a sapphire whispering gallery mode resonator. We verify phase locking of the comb harmonics by demodulating the comb on a fast photodiode and by observing the production of a spectrally pure radio frequency signal. Because of excellent optical and superior mechanical properties of the material, the sapphire resonator is an excellent candidate for the on-chip device integration of the comb oscillator.
Evaluation of a stochastic reconstruction algorithm for use in Compton camera imaging and beam range verification from secondary gamma emission during proton therapy (2012)

In this paper, we study the feasibility of using the stochastic origin ensemble (SOE) algorithm for reconstructing images of secondary gammas emitted during proton radiotherapy from data measured with a three-stage Compton camera. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the quality of the images of the gamma rays emitted during proton irradiation produced using the SOE algorithm and to measure how well the images reproduce the distal falloff of the beam. For our evaluation, we performed a Monte Carlo simulation of an ideal three-stage Compton camera positioned above and orthogonal to a proton pencil beam irradiating a tissue phantom. Scattering of beam protons with nuclei in the phantom produces secondary gamma rays, which are detected by the Compton camera and used as input to the SOE algorithm. We studied the SOE reconstructed images as a function of the number of iterations, the voxel probability parameter, and the number of detected gammas used by the SOE algorithm. We quantitatively evaluated the capabilities of the SOE algorithm by calculating and comparing the normalized mean square error (NMSE) of SOE reconstructed images. We also studied the ability of the SOE reconstructed images to predict the distal falloff of the secondary gamma production in the irradiated tissue. Our results show that the images produced with the SOE algorithm converge in ~10,000 iterations, with little improvement to the image NMSE for iterations above this number. We found that the statistical noise of the images is inversely proportional to the ratio of the number of gammas detected to the SOE voxel probability parameter value. In our study, the SOE predicted distal falloff of the reconstructed images agrees with the Monte Carlo calculated distal falloff of the gamma emission profile in the phantom to within ±0.6 mm for the positions of maximum emission (100%) and 90%, 50% and 20% distal falloff of the gamma emission profile. We conclude that the SOE algorithm is an effective method for reconstructing images of a proton pencil beam from the data collected by an ideal Compton camera and that these images accurately model the distal falloff of secondary gamma emission during proton irradiation.
T cell receptor-dependent cell death of T cell hybridomas mediated by the CD30 cytoplasmic domain in association with tumor necrosis factor receptor-associated factors. (1996)

CD30 is a member of the tumor necrosis factor superfamily and a surface marker for Hodgkin's disease. Normal activated T cells and several virally transformed T or B cell lines also show CD30 expression. The interaction of CD30 with its ligand induces cell death or proliferation, depending on the cell type. In this report we characterize the signals mediated by the intracellular domain of CD30 and show that, in combination with signal(s) transduced by the T cell receptor, the multimerization of CD30 cytoplasmic domain induces Fas(CD95)-independent cell death in T cell hybridomas. Deletion analysis shows that the COOH-terminal 66 amino acids of CD30 are required to induce cell death. Using the yeast two-hybrid system, we have identified that the same region of CD30 interacts with tumor necrosis factor receptor-associated factor (TRAF)1 and TRAF2. These results indicate that TRAF1 and/or TRAF2 play an important role in cell death in addition to their previously identified roles in cell proliferation.
Integration of bulk acoustic wave filters: concepts and trends (2004)

The concepts and trends for the use of bulk acoustic wave (BAW) filters in tomorrow's highly integrated RF front end components in mobile communication devices are discussed. We present examples for the integration of BAW filters into low-cost laminate-based modules and for the monolithic integration of solidly mounted bulk acoustic wave devices with bipolar integrated circuits. The options and limitation of the integration approaches are discussed.