gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Operating characteristics of single-phase capacitor motors driven from variable frequency supplies (2002)

The analysis presented shows that a variable frequency power supply can be used for speed control of single-phase induction motors which are equipped with auxiliary windings and capacitors. Using the standard scalar control technique for three-phase induction motors on the capacitor motor works best at relatively high frequencies, but the torque must be derated below about 50% of base frequency to yield a sufficient margin from breakdown torque and to prevent overheating the machine. The torque performance of the capacitor motors can be enhanced by altering the voltage-frequency control law. One method that provides good results is to control the voltage such that the internal power dissipation in the motor is held constant.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Active site amino acid sequence of the bovine<i>O</i><sup>6</sup>-methylguanine-DNA methyltransferase (1990)

An O6-methylguanine-DNA methyltransferase has been partially purified from calf thymus by conventional biochemical techniques. The enzyme was specifically radioactively labelled at the cysteine residue of the active site and further purified by attachment to a solid support. Following digestion with trypsin, a radioactive peptide containing the active site region of the protein was purified by size fractionation, ion exchange chromatography and reverse phase HPLC. The technique yielded an essentially homogeneous oligopeptide which was subjected to amino acid sequencing. The sequence adjacent to the acceptor cysteine residue of the bovine protein exhibits striking homology to the C-terminal methyl acceptor site of the E. coli Ada protein and the proposed acceptor sites of the E. coli Ogt and the B. subtilis Dat1 proteins.
Double Layer Capacitance and Charging Rate of Ultramicroporous Carbon Electrodes (1977)

Adsorption of ions from aqueous solutions into pores, as narrow as 3.7Å was observed, using linear sweep cyclic voltametry. The conductivity of the solution in pores of less than 7Å diameter is several orders of magnitude lower than that of a free solution in contact with the carbon electrode. It seems negligibly slow in pores of less than 3.7Å diameter, which are still completely filled with water. Highly oxidized ultramicroporous carbons show much lower double layer capacitance at positive potentials than nonporous carbon surfaces. This is interpreted as repulsive ion‐dipole interaction of the anion with the dipole of the chemisorbed oxygen. Ions can penetrate the tiny pores after depletion of the hydration sheath. The double layer charging rate is therefore much slower if is replaced by . A brief discussion is presented in order to confirm that the electroactive surface groups can be treated in terms of (capacitative) double layer charging.
CEACAM1 is a Privileged Cell Surface Antigen to Design Novel ScFv Mediated-Immunotherapies of Melanoma, Lung Cancer and Other Typesof Tumors (2012)

Carcinoembryonic antigen–related cell adhesion molecule 1 (CEACAM1) is a cell surface glycoprotein involved in intercellular binding, belonging to the immunoglobulin superfamily. It is involved in cell-cell recognition and modulates cellular processes that range from vascular angiogenesis to the regulation of insulin homeostasis and T-cell proliferation. Aberrant expression of CEACAM1 is often associated with progression and metastatic potential in melanoma, lung carcinoma and other types of tumor. Tumor-specific antigens such as CEACAM1 are ideal targets for cancer immunotherapy because they are over-expressed by the cancer cell and not on non-malignant tissues, minimizing the risk of autoimmune destruction. Many of the limitations of therapeutic use of rodent monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) can now be overcome by exploiting the use of recombinant antibody fragments and the advances in antibody engineering methods to improve tumor retention, reduce immunogenicity and modulate pharmacokinetics. In addition, a novel effective model of immunotherapeutic treatments of tumors includes antibody drug conjugates (ADCs) that combine specific mAbs and antibody fragments with cytotoxic drugs, proteins, enzymes, radionuclides and nanoparticles. This review aims to describe how these antibody engineering approaches can meet the challenges for generating new and effective antibody constructs for diagnosis and therapy of CEACAM1 expressing malignancies.
Implementation of a precision time protocol over low rate wireless personal area networks (2008)

Time synchronization is essential for a number of network applications. As the era of ubiquitous computing is ushered in, high precision time synchronization of nodes in wireless networks is required. High precision time synchronization can enable a variety of extensions of applications. This paper includes the design and implementation of the precision time protocol over low rate wireless personal area networks (LR-WPAN’s). To achieve high precision in LR-WPAN’s, we analyze the factors of latency and jitter in wireless environments, and we aim to minimize these factors. In addition, this paper presents experiments and the performance evaluation of the precision time protocol in LR-WPAN’s. The result is that we established for nodes in a network to maintain their clocks to within a 50 nanosecond offset from the reference clock.
Remote infrared heterodyne radiometer measurements of atmospheric ammonia profiles (1980)

An Infrared Heterodyne Radiometer (IHR) located at Langley Research Center, Hampton, Va., has been used to study the seasonal variation of the vertical distribution of atmospheric ammonia. The ammonia profiles are inferred from high resolution atmospheric solar transmittance measurements around the ammonia absorption feature at 927.32323 cm −1 . The transmittance data are obtained from six IF channels with spectral resolutions ranging from .0067 cm −1 to .033 cm −1 . Results from this study show a marked decrease in the tropospheric ammonia level with a decrease at ground level from ∼ 10 ppb in March 1979 to ∼ 1.3 ppb in August 1979.
Treatment of Verruca Vulgaris With Topical Cidofovir (1997)

<h3>To the Editor.</h3> —Cidofovir is a nucleotide analog of deoxycytidine monophosphate and has antiviral activity against a broad range of DNA viruses, including cytomegalovirus and herpesviruses.<sup>1-3</sup>Topical cidofovir has been reported as a successful treatment for refractory condyloma acuminatum<sup>3</sup>in human immunodeficiency virus infection and recurrent genital herpes.<sup>4</sup>We report the use of topical cidofovir in 2 patients with verruca vulgaris resistant to repeated conventional therapies. <h3>Report of Cases.</h3> —An 8-year-old girl with no history of significant medical illness had been treated unsuccessfully with numerous conventional therapies (eg, electrodesiccation, topical cantharidin, topical tretinoin, oral cimetidine) for extensive (several hundred lesions), biopsy-proven verruca vulgaris of both lower extremities for 2 years. After obtaining informed consent, we initiated application of 3% topical cidofovir twice daily. Marked erythema and irritation without erosion or ulceration were evident by day 10, and therapy was halted. No systemic adverse effects were noted.
Interplay of mevalonate and Hippo pathways regulates RHAMM transcription via YAP to modulate breast cancer cell motility (2013)

Expression of receptor for hyaluronan-mediated motility (RHAMM), a breast cancer susceptibility gene, is tightly controlled in normal tissues but elevated in many tumors, contributing to tumorigenesis and metastases. However, how the expression of RHAMM is regulated remains elusive. Statins, inhibitors of mevalonate metabolic pathway widely used for hypercholesterolemia, have been found to also have antitumor effects, but little is known of the specific targets and mechanisms. Moreover, Hippo signaling pathway plays crucial roles in organ size control and cancer development, yet its downstream transcriptional targets remain obscure. Here we show that RHAMM expression is regulated by mevalonate and Hippo pathways converging onto Yes-associated protein (YAP)/TEAD, which binds RHAMM promoter at specific sites and controls its transcription and consequently breast cancer cell migration and invasion (BCCMI); and that simvastatin inhibits BCCMI via targeting YAP-mediated RHAMM transcription. Required for ERK phosphorylation and BCCMI, YAP-activated RHAMM transcription is dependent on mevalonate and sensitive to simvastatin, which modulate RHAMM transcription by modulating YAP phosphorylation and nuclear-cytoplasmic localization. Further, modulation by mevalonate/simvastatin of YAP-activated RHAMM transcription requires geranylgeranylation, Rho GTPase activation, and actin cytoskeleton rearrangement, but is largely independent of MST and LATS kinase activity. These findings from in vitro and in vivo investigations link mevalonate and Hippo pathways with RHAMM as a downstream effector, a YAP-transcription and simvastatin-inhibition target, and a cancer metastasis mediator; uncover a mechanism regulating RHAMM expression and cancer metastases; and reveal a mode whereby simvastatin exerts anticancer effects; providing potential targets for cancer therapeutic agents.
Physical and electrochromic properties of the amorphous and crystalline tungsten oxide thick films prepared under reducing atmosphere (1984)

The physical and electrochemichromic properties of the amorphous and crystalline tungsten oxide films prepared by thermal evaporation of WO3 powder under a reducing atmosphere have been investigated. The oxide films with 850–24 500 Å thick were deposited on the substrates maintained at a temperature ranging from 50 to 500 °C under a vacuum below 1×10−5 Torr. Properties of the oxide films formed depend considerably on the deposition temperature. The as-prepared oxide films formed at a temperature higher than 400 °C have a resistivity of 10−3−10 Ω cm, and are blue colored, and mainly composed of crystalline WO3. The oxide films formed at a temperature lower than 350 °C have a resistivity of 105–109 Ω cm, and are transparent and amorphous. Both of the amorphous and crystalline oxide films have good electrochemichromic properties. From x-ray analysis, the crystalline WO3 thick films were found to change to hydrogen tungsten bronze films with a chemical composition of H0.33WO3 during electrochemical coloration, and the H0.33WO3 films were found to be reversed to the WO3 films during bleaching. In the electrochemical coloration using the cells composed of a crystalline or amorphous oxide film, the transmittance (λ=0.5 μm) and current were found to reach simultaneously an electrochromic steady state when a sufficient charge was injected. The density of the tungsten oxide films with 5000–24 500-Å thickness was also measured, and found to be 5.3–6.6 g/cm3 depending on the deposition temperature. The optical properties and the results of observations by scanning electron microscopy are also described.
Chronic pain and depression: Does the evidence support a relationship? (1985)

Cette revue critique de la recherche montre l'existence d'une association entre la depression et la douleur chronique. Les modeles biologiques et psychologiques expliquant les mecanismes de cette interaction sont resumes
PEGASUS: A Policy Search Method for Large MDPs and POMDPs (2013)

We propose a new approach to the problem of searching a space of policies for a Markov decision process (MDP) or a partially observable Markov decision process (POMDP), given a model. Our approach is based on the following observation: Any (PO)MDP can be transformed into an "equivalent" POMDP in which all state transitions (given the current state and action) are deterministic. This reduces the general problem of policy search to one in which we need only consider POMDPs with deterministic transitions. We give a natural way of estimating the value of all policies in these transformed POMDPs. Policy search is then simply performed by searching for a policy with high estimated value. We also establish conditions under which our value estimates will be good, recovering theoretical results similar to those of Kearns, Mansour and Ng (1999), but with "sample complexity" bounds that have only a polynomial rather than exponential dependence on the horizon time. Our method applies to arbitrary POMDPs, including ones with infinite state and action spaces. We also present empirical results for our approach on a small discrete problem, and on a complex continuous state/continuous action problem involving learning to ride a bicycle.
Subcutaneous Furosemide in Heart Failure (2018)

Parenteral diuretics form the cornerstone of decongestion in heart failure. However, parenteral therapy routinely requires emergency room or inpatient care. A novel buffered furosemide formulation with neutral pH was developed to offer "hospital-strength" diuresis for outpatient use, including self-administration at home. Subcutaneous infusion using a biphasic delivery profile resulted in complete bioavailability (99.65%) and equivalent diuresis when compared with intravenous administration. Subcutaneous administration of buffered furosemide was well tolerated with no evidence of any drug-induced skin reactions. Subcutaneous infusion of buffered furosemide in the outpatient setting or home may help to reduce the burden of heart failure.
Impact of cathepsin B-sensitive triggers and hydrophilic linkers on<i>in vitro</i>efficacy of novel site-specific antibody–drug conjugates (2018)

Herein we describe the synthesis and evaluation of four novel HER2-targeting, cathepsin B-sensitive antibody-drug conjugates bearing a monomethylauristatin E (MMAE) cytotoxic payload, constructed via the conjugation of cleavable linkers to trastuzumab using a site-specific bioconjugation methodology. These linkers vary by both cleavable trigger motif and hydrophilicity, containing one of two cathepsin B sensitive dipeptides (Val-Cit and Val-Ala), and engendered with either hydrophilic or hydrophobic character via application of a PEG<sub>12</sub> spacer. Through evaluation of physical properties, in vitro cytotoxicity, and receptor affinity of the resulting antibody-drug conjugates (ADCs), we have demonstrated that while both dipeptide triggers are effective, the increased hydrophobicity of the Val-Ala pair limits its utility within this type of linker. In addition, while PEGylation augments linker hydrophilicity, this change does not translate to more favourable ADC hydrophilicity or potency. While all described structures demonstrated excellent and similar in vitro cytotoxicity, the ADC with the ValCitPABMMAE linker shows the most promising combination of in vitro potency, structural homogeneity, and hydrophilicity, warranting further evaluation into its therapeutic potential.
A Case of Porocarcinoma From Pre-existing Hidroacanthoma Simplex (2003)

BACKGROUND Hidroacanthoma simplex (HAS) is an uncommon eccrine neoplasm of the skin. It is a benign neoplasm, but some cases of malignant change were reported in the literature. OBJECTIVE To describe a rare case of porocarcinoma in a relatively short period from pre-existing HAS on the abdomen. METHODS Wide local excision was performed on this neoplasm. RESULTS There was no recurrence for 72 months after wide excision. CONCLUSION We recommend an early excision and careful attention in the case of HAS because of its potential malignant change.
Porous Graphene as an Atmospheric Nanofilter (2010)

The fabrication of nanoscale membranes exhibiting high selectivity is an emerging field of research. The possibility to use bottom-up approaches to fabricate a filter with porous graphene and analyze its functionality with first principle calculations is investigated. Here, the porous network is produced by self-assembly of the hexaiodo-substituted macrocycle cyclohexa-m-phenylene (CHP). The resulting porous network exhibits an extremely high selectivity in favor of H(2) and He among other atmospheric gases, such as Ne, O(2), N(2), CO, CO(2), NH(3), and Ar. The presented membrane is superior to traditional filters using polymers or silica and could have great potential for further technological applications such as gas sensors or fuel cells.
Tryptophan-kynurenine pathway is dysregulated in inflammation and immune activation (2015)

The kynurenine (Kyn) pathway is the major route for tryptophan (Trp) metabolism, and it contributes to several fundamental biological processes. Trp is constitutively oxidized by tryptophan 2, 3-dioxygenase in liver cells. In other cell types, it is catalyzed by an alternative inducible indoleamine-pyrrole 2, 3-dioxygenase (IDO) under certain pathophysiological conditions, which consequently increases the formation of Kyn metabolites. IDO is up-regulated in response to inflammatory conditions as a novel marker of immune activation in early atherosclerosis. Besides, IDO and the IDO-related pathway are important mediators of the immunoinflammatory responses in advanced atherosclerosis. In particular, Kyn, 3-hydroxykynurenine, and quinolinic acid are positively associated with inflammation, oxidative stress (SOX), endothelial dysfunction, and carotid artery intima-media thickness values in end-stage renal disease patients. Moreover, IDO is a potential novel contributor to vessel relaxation and metabolism in systemic infections, which is also activated in acute severe heart attacks. The Kyn pathway plays a key role in the increased prevalence of cardiovascular disease by regulating inflammation, SOX, and immune activation.
Cardiovascular benefits of omega-3 fatty acids (2006)

Cardiac societies recommend the intake of 1 g/day of the two omega-3 fatty acids eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) for cardiovascular disease prevention, treatment after a myocardial infarction, prevention of sudden death, and secondary prevention of cardiovascular disease. These recommendations are based on a body of scientific evidence that encompasses literally thousands of publications. Of four large scale intervention studies three also support the recommendations of these cardiac societies. One methodologically questionable study with a negative result led a Cochrane meta-analysis to a null conclusion. This null conclusion, however, has not swayed the recommendations of the cardiac societies mentioned, and has been refuted with good reason by scientific societies. Based on the scientific evidence just mentioned, we propose a new risk factor to be considered for sudden cardiac death, the omega-3 index. It is measured in red blood cells, and is expressed as a percentage of EPA + DHA of total fatty acids. An omega-3 index of >8% is associated with 90% less risk for sudden cardiac death, as compared to an omega-3 index of <4%. The omega-3 index as a risk factor for sudden cardiac death has striking similarities to LDL as a risk factor for coronary artery disease. Moreover, the omega-3 index reflects the omega-3 fatty acid status of a given individual (analogous to HbA1c reflecting glucose homeostasis). The omega-3 index can therefore be used as a goal for treatment with EPA and DHA. As is the case now for LDL, in the future, the cardiac societies might very well recommend treatment with EPA and DHA to become goal oriented (e.g. an omega-3 index>8%).
Reward Constrained Policy Optimization (2018)

Solving tasks in Reinforcement Learning is no easy feat. As the goal of the agent is to maximize the accumulated reward, it often learns to exploit loopholes and misspecifications in the reward signal resulting in unwanted behavior. While constraints may solve this issue, there is no closed form solution for general constraints. In this work we present a novel multi-timescale approach for constrained policy optimization, called `Reward Constrained Policy Optimization' (RCPO), which uses an alternative penalty signal to guide the policy towards a constraint satisfying one. We prove the convergence of our approach and provide empirical evidence of its ability to train constraint satisfying policies.
Dual-band rat-race hybrid design with considering of junction reactance (2012)

The design of rat-race hybrid that can operate at two widely separated frequency bands is presented. The junction reactance is considered in the design process. The final circuit has an asymmetrical structure. The proposed circuit features high isolation, wide bandwidth (lager than 300MHz at low operating frequency band and 250MHz at high operating frequency band). For validation, both simulated and measured performances of a microstrip rat-race coupler operating at 2.45/5.8 GHz are shown.
Integrated Optic Disc and Cup Segmentation with Deep Learning (2015)

Glaucoma is a widespread ocular disorder leading to irreversible loss of vision. Therefore, there is a pressing need for cost-effective screening, such that preventive measures can be taken. This can be achieved with an accurate segmentation of the optic disc and cup from retinal images to obtain the cup-to-disc ratio. We describe a comprehensive solution based on applying convolutional neural networks to feature exaggerated inputs emphasizing disc pallor without blood vessel obstruction, as well as the degree of vessel kinking. The produced raw probability maps then undergo a robust refinement procedure that takes into account prior knowledge about retinal structures. Analysis of these probability maps further allows us to obtain a confidence estimate on the correctness of the segmentation, which can be used to direct the most challenging cases for manual inspection. Tests on two large real-world databases, including the publicly-available MESSIDOR collection, demonstrate the effectiveness of our proposed system.
Novel PCR assay for identification of Salmonella enterica serovar Infantis (2007)

The described PCR assays allow for the correct identification of S. Infantis even when traditional serotyping methods fail because lack of expression of flagellar antigens.
Geometric control of inkjet printed features using a gelating polymer (2006)

When an inkjet printed feature is formed, the behaviour of the ink on the substrate is of great importance. In order to investigate the possibility of increased control over the as-printed feature on a substrate, a TiO2 ink was formulated that gels above a certain temperature. The TiO2 particles in the ink are colloidally stabilised by an adsorbed layer of poly(vinyl methyl ether)-block-poly(vinyloxy-4-butyric acid) diblock copolymer. The thermal gelation, at about 37 °C, is due to the limited solubility of the poly(vinyl methyl ether) buoyant block in the continuous medium of the ink. Drops and lines with improved morphological control and resolution were achieved using the thermal gelation effect. Lines printed using this approach did not display deviations at their starts and ends; and bulges in the line could be avoided. Finally, defect-free straight lines could be printed on very hydrophobic surfaces, which is impossible with regular inks due to the de-wetting nature of such substrates.