gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Copoly(styrene-maleic acid)−Pirarubicin Micelles:  High Tumor-Targeting Efficiency with Little Toxicity<sup>1</sup> (2004)

The copolymer of styrene-maleic acid (SMA) was used to construct micelles containing pirarubicin (4'-O-tetrahydropyranyladriamycin, or THP) as a new anticancer drug formulation. The procedure for the preparation of the micelles was simple, the component consisting of only SMA and pirarubicin in a noncovalent association, possibly by hydrophobic interaction between the styrene portion of SMA and pirarubicin chromophore. This method ensures more than 80% recovery of pirarubicin by weight, and 60% of drug loading (by weight) was achieved. The micelles obtained (SMA-THP) showed high solubility in water and a constant pirarubicin release rate of about 3-4%/day in vitro. SMA-THP micelles had an average molecular size of about 34 kDa according to gel chromatography; this size is a marked increase from the 627.6 Da of free THP, which suggests the formation of a micellar structure. When albumin was added, the molecular size of the micelles increased to about 94 kDa, which indicates binding to albumin, a unique characteristic of SMA. SMA-THP micelle preparation had a cytotoxic effect (93-101%) on MCF-7 breast cancer cells and SW480 human colon cancer cells in vitro that was comparable to that of free THP. An in vivo assay of SMA-THP at doses of 20 mg/kg in ddY mice bearing S-180 tumor revealed complete tumor eradication in 100% of tested animals. Mice survived for more than 1 year after treatment with micellar drug doses as high as 100 mg/kg pirarubicin equivalent. This marked antitumor activity can be attributed to the enhanced permeability and retention (EPR) effect of macromolecular drugs seen in solid tumors, which enables selective delivery of drugs to tumor and thus much fewer side effects. Complete blood counts, liver function test, and cardiac histology showed no sign of adverse effects for intravenous doses of the micellar preparation. These data thus suggest that intravenous administration of the SMA-THP micellar formulation can enhance the therapeutic effect of pirarubicin more than 50-fold.
Configuration-parametric query optimization for physical design tuning (2008)

Automated physical design tuning for database systems has recently become an active area of research and development. Existing tuning tools explore the space of feasible solutions by repeatedly optimizing queries in the input workload for several candidate configurations. This general approach, while scalable, often results in tuning sessions waiting for results from the query optimizer over 90% of the time. In this paper we introduce a novel approach, called Configuration-Parametric Query Optimization, that drastically improves the performance of current tuning tools. By issuing a single optimization call per query, we are able to generate a compact representation of the optimization space that can then produce very efficiently execution plans for the input query under arbitrary configurations. Our experiments show that our technique speeds-up query optimization by 30x to over 450x with virtually no loss in quality, and effectively eliminates the optimization bottleneck in existing tuning tools. Our techniques open the door for new, more sophisticated optimization strategies by eliminating the main bottleneck of current tuning tools.
Urodilatin, the renal natriuretic peptide: preclinical and clinical review (2005)

Pre-Clinical background Natriuretic peptides were identified as regulatory diureticnatriuretic substances responsible for salt and water homeostasis and as hormones lowering blood pressure. Urodilatin is a natriuretic peptide type A which is synthesized in the kidney and generated from the prohormone ANP-1-126. While the circulating ANP-99-126 is synthesized in the heart atrium and processed during exocytosis Urodilatin (ANP-95-126) is differentially processed in the kidney and detected only in urine.
Imaging interferometric microscopy–approaching the linear systems limits of optical resolution. (2007)

The linear systems optical resolution limit is a dense grating pattern at a lambda/2 pitch or a critical dimension (resolution) of lambda/4. However, conventional microscopy provides a (Rayleigh) resolution of only ~ 0.6lambda/NA, approaching lambda/1.67 as NA ?lambda1. A synthetic aperture approach to reaching the lambda/4 linear-systems limit, extending previous developments in imaginginterferometric microscopy, is presented. Resolution of non-periodic 180-nm features using 633-nm illumination (lambda/3.52) and of a 170-nm grating (lambda/3.72) is demonstrated. These results are achieved with a 0.4-NA optical system and retain the working distance, field-of-view, and depth-of-field advantages of low-NA systems while approaching ultimate resolution limits.
Topology-aware optimization of big sparse matrices and matrix multiplications on main-memory systems (2016)

Since data sizes of analytical applications are continuously growing, many data scientists are switching from customized micro-solutions to scalable alternatives, such as statistical and scientific databases. However, many algorithms in data mining and science are expressed in terms of linear algebra, which is barely supported by major database vendors and big data solutions. On the other side, conventional linear algebra algorithms and legacy matrix representations are often not suitable for very large matrices. We propose a strategy for large matrix processing on modern multicore systems that is based on a novel, adaptive tile matrix representation (AT MATRIX). Our solution utilizes multiple techniques inspired from database technology, such as multidimensional data partitioning, cardinality estimation, indexing, dynamic rewrites, and many more in order to optimize the execution time. Based thereon we present a matrix multiplication operator ATMULT, which outperforms alternative approaches. The aim of our solution is to overcome the burden for data scientists of selecting appropriate algorithms and matrix storage representations. We evaluated AT MATRIX together with ATMULT on several real-world and synthetic random matrices.
Dispersion-enabled quantum state control in integrated photonics (2016)

Integrated optics has brought unprecedented levels of stability and performance to quantum photonic circuits. However, integrated devices are not merely micron-scale equivalents of their bulk-optics counterparts. By exploiting the inherently dispersive characteristics of the integrated setting, such devices can play a remarkably more versatile role in quantum circuit architectures. We show this by examining the implications of linear dispersion in an ordinary directional coupler. Dispersion unlocks several novel capabilities for this device, including in-situ control over photon spectral and polarization entanglement, tunable photon time-ordering, and entanglement-sensitive two-photon coincidence generation. Also revealed is an ability to maintain perfect two-photon anti-coalescence while tuning the interference visibility, which has no equivalent in bulk-optics. The outcome of this work adds to a suite of state engineering and characterization tools that benefit from the advantages of integration. It also paves the way for re-evaluating the possibilities offered by dispersion in other on-chip devices.
NO.sub.x sensor and process for detecting NO.sub.x (1994)

This invention is a process for detecting low levels of nitrogen oxides (NO.sub.x) in a flowing gas stream (typically an exhaust gas stream) and a catalytic NO.sub.x sensor which may be used in that process.
Influence of the target tissue size on the shape of<i>ex vivo</i>microwave ablation zones (2015)

The ex vivo performances of microwave ablation devices are notably influenced by the shape and dimension of the tissues where the procedure takes place. Accordingly, dedicated interventional protocols should be developed for treatment planning on targets of different shape and size.
Magnetic and martensitic transformations of NiMnX(X=In,Sn,Sb) ferromagnetic shape memory alloys (2004)

Martensitic and magnetic transformations of the Heusler Ni50Mn50−yXy (X=In, Sn and Sb) alloys were investigated by differential scanning calorimetry measurement and the vibrating sample magnetometry technique. In all these alloy systems, the austenite phase with the ferromagnetic state was transformed into the martensite phase, which means that these Heusler alloys have potential as Ga-free ferromagnetic shape memory alloys (FSMAs). Furthermore, multiple martensitic transformations, such as two- or three-step martensitic transformations, occur in all these alloy systems. It was confirmed by transmission electron microscopy observation that the crystal structure of the martensite phase is an orthorhombic four-layered structure which has not been reported in other FSMAs. Therefore, the present Ga-free FSMAs have the great possibility of the appearance of a large magnetic-field-induced strain.
Online Multiperiod Power Dispatch With Renewable Uncertainty and Storage: A Two-Parameter Homotopy-Enhanced Methodology (2018)

In this paper, an online multiperiod power dispatch with renewable uncertainty and storage is presented. The ac power flow equations, voltage limits, and thermal limits are respected to ensure the obtained solution causes no static violation while ensuring network transfer capability. A scenario reduction technique using affinity propagation clustering is developed to reduce the number of scenarios and relieve the computational burden. A three-stage solution methodology is developed to solve the nonconvex constrained optimization problem, in which a two-parameter homotopy-enhanced methodology with a decomposition scheme is developed to reliably and quickly solve the online multiperiod power dispatch problem. The proposed three-stage solution methodology has been evaluated on several testing systems, ranging from a 30-bus system to a 3012-bus system with four time periods, and the numerical results are promising.
A state estimator for rejecting noise and tracking bias in inertial sensors (2008)

A state estimation algorithm for rejecting noise and tracking bias in both real-time and post-processing applications of inertial measurement for intermittent motion is presented with experimental results for one-dimensional motion. The algorithm uses characteristics of the sensor noise to automatically recognize motionless periods and update the sensor's bias level without any dependency on application-specific parameters, frequency separation between the signal of interest and the sensor noise, or a high-level system model. Accumulated error in the velocity estimate is eliminated during periods of rest allowing useful velocity estimates to be obtained for arbitrarily long periods given reasonably frequent pauses in the motion. This significantly extends the length of time over which useful position estimates are obtained, especially for postprocessing applications. While derived and demonstrated in the context of inertial measurement, the algorithm can be used to reject noise and/or track bias drift for any signal where zero-level inputs occur intermittently and limits can be set on the noise amplitude, frequency, and bias drift rate.
Dense 3D Reconstruction with an Uncalibrated Stereo System using Coded Structured Light (2006)

In this paper, we describe a new uncalibrated active vision system. Normally, active vision systems need either precise calibrations or relatively fixed cameras and light sources, which require 3D measurement systems to make use of complicated measurement processes or measurement equipment. Recently, several uncalibrated active vision systems have been studied. Since calibrations of these systems are done either while or after shape data is obtained, the user can simply place the equipment arbitrarily and scan the objects. The proposed system is an uncalibrated active vision system which consists of a camera and a video projector. Geometrically, this is a camera-to-camera system with one camera replaced by a projector. Uncalibrated vision systems based on perspective projection devices are prone to unmeasured scaling parameters. To solve this problem, a laser pointer is attached to the projector. In the present work, coded structured light is used to obtain dense correspondence points, resulting in more detailed shape representations. Experiments using the implemented system show that it is able to reconstruct dense and precise 3D shapes.
Acute Intravenous Infusion of Immunoglobulins Protects Against Myocardial Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury Through Inhibition of Caspase-3 (2017)

This study demonstrates a novel protection to the heart by low and high doses of IVIG given either pre- or post-ischemia.
An Endogenous Reference Gene of Common and Durum Wheat for Detection of Genetically Modified Wheat (2012)

To develop a method for detecting GM wheat that may be marketed in the near future, we evaluated the proline-rich protein (PRP) gene as an endogenous reference gene of common wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) and durum wheat (Triticum durum L.). Real-time PCR analysis showed that only DNA of wheat was amplified and no amplification product was observed for phylogenetically related cereals, indicating that the PRP detection system is specific to wheat. The intensities of the amplification products and Ct values among all wheat samples used in this study were very similar, with no nonspecific or additional amplification, indicating that the PRP detection system has high sequence stability. The limit of detection was estimated at 5 haploid genome copies. The PRP region was demonstrated to be present as a single or double copy in the common wheat haploid genome. Furthermore, the PRP detection system showed a highly linear relationship between Ct values and the amount of plasmid DNA, indicating that an appropriate calibration curve could be constructed for quantitative detection of GM wheat. All these results indicate that the PRP gene is a suitable endogenous reference gene for PCR-based detection of GM wheat.
Digital communication using chaotic-pulse-position modulation (2001)

Utilization of chaotic signals for covert communications remains a very promising practical application. Multiple studies indicate that the major shortcoming of recently proposed chaos-based communication schemes is their susceptibility to noise and distortions in communication channels. In this paper, we review a new approach to communication with chaotic signals, which demonstrates good performance in the presence of channel distortions. This communication scheme is based upon chaotic signals in the form of pulse trains where intervals between the pulses are determined by chaotic dynamics of a pulse generator. The pulse train with chaotic inter-pulse intervals is used as a carrier. Binary information is modulated onto this carrier by the pulse position modulation method, such that each pulse is either left unchanged or delayed by a certain time, depending on whether "0" or "1" is transmitted. By synchronizing the receiver to the chaotic-pulse train we can anticipate the timing of pulses corresponding to "0" and "1" and thus can decode the transmitted information. Based on the results of theoretical and experimental studies we discuss the basic design principles for the chaotic-pulse generator, its synchronization, and the performance of the chaotic-pulse communication scheme in the presence of channel noise and filtering. We also discuss the possibilities of multiuser communication using CPPM and its advantages over standard communication techniques.
Evidence for four different polymerization sites involved in human fibrin formation. (1980)

The mechanism of association and the organization of human fibrin were studied by using affinity chromatography. Insolubilized fibrinogen, fibrin monomer, and crosslinked fibrin were used to localize the binding sites on fibrinogen and fibrin derivatives. Four different polymerization sites have been distinguished. A binding site ("a"), available without thrombin action, is present on the fibrinogen fragment D domain. The complementary ("A") is inoperative in fibrinogen and requires thrombin for activation; it is located on the fibrinogen NH2-terminal domain. A third polymerization site ("b") appears to be formed by the alignment of the fragment D domains on two fibrin monomer molecules upon polymerization; this site functions without thrombin mediation and the alignment is stabilized by the Factor XIIIa-catalyzed crosslink bonds. The "b" site is complementary to another thrombin-activated site ("B") on the fibrinogen NH2-terminal domain. The two thrombin activable sites, "A" and "B", are distinguishable, although they are located in the same fibrinogen domain.
Soybean Mutants with Increased Tolerance for Sulfonylurea Herbicides<sup>1</sup> (1987)

Soybean [ Glycine max (L.) Merr.] tolerance for residues of chlorsulfuron [2‐chloro‐ N ‐[(4‐methoxy‐6‐methyl‐l,3,5‐triazin‐2‐yl)amino]carbonyl]benzenesulfonamide] would permit use of this small grain herbicide in regions where small grains and soybean are grown in rotation. A soybean mutation breeding program was conducted to induce, select, and characterize mutations giving increased genetic tolerance for chlorsulfuron and related sulfonylurca (SU) herbicides. Following seed mutagenesis with ethylnitrosourea (ENU) and subsequent selection, four mutant soybean lines with increased chlorsulfuron tolerance were isolated. Tolerance was conditioned by a single recessive gene in all four mutants. Allelic studies indicate that each mutation resides at one of three loci. Mutant 1‐184A, which was studied most extensively, displayed more tolerance for preplant incorporated and postemergence levels of chlorsulfuron and a related sulfonylurea, chlorimuron ethyl [ethyl 2‐[[[[(4‐chloro‐6‐methoxypyrimidin 2‐yl)amino]carbonyl]amino]sulfonyl]benzoate], than did ‘Williams’. Biochemical studies indicate that the mutants do not contain an altered form of acetolactate synthase (the site of action of these sulfonylurea herbicides).
Acetyl-<scp>l</scp>-Carnitine Improves Pain, Nerve Regeneration, and Vibratory Perception in Patients With Chronic Diabetic Neuropathy (2005)

These studies demonstrate that ALC treatment is efficacious in alleviating symptoms, particularly pain, and improves nerve fiber regeneration and vibration perception in patients with established diabetic neuropathy.
Rescue of a pathogenic Marek's disease virus with overlapping cosmid DNAs: Use of a pp38 mutant to validate the technology for the study of gene function (2002)

Marek's disease virus (MDV) genetics has lagged behind that of other herpesviruses because of the lack of tools for the introduction of site-specific mutations into the genome of highly cell-associated oncogenic strains. Overlapping cosmid clones have been successfully used for the introduction of mutations in other highly cell-associated herpesviruses. Here we describe the development of overlapping cosmid DNA clones from a very virulent oncogenic strain of MDV. Transfection of these cosmid clones into MDV-susceptible cells resulted in the generation of a recombinant MDV (rMd5) with biological properties similar to the parental strain. To demonstrate the applicability of this technology for elucidation of gene function of MDV, we have generated a mutant virus lacking an MDV unique phosphoprotein, pp38, which has previously been associated with the maintenance of transformation in MDV-induced tumor cell lines. Inoculation of Marek's disease-susceptible birds with the pp38 deletion mutant virus (rMd5 Delta pp38) revealed that pp38 is involved in early cytolytic infection in lymphocytes but not in the induction of tumors. This powerful technology will speed the characterization of MDV gene function, leading to a better understanding of the molecular mechanisms of MDV pathogenesis. In addition, because Marek's disease is a major oncogenic system, the knowledge obtained from these studies may shed light on the oncogenic mechanisms of other herpesviruses.
Method of forming a dielectric thin film having low loss composition of Ba.sub.x Sr.sub.y Ca.sub.1-x-y TiO.sub.3 : Ba.sub.0.12-0.25 Sr.sub.0.35-0.47 Ca.sub.0.32-0.53 TiO.sub.3 (2000)

A dielectric thin-film material for microwave applications, including use as a capacitor, the thin-film comprising a composition of barium strontium calcium and titanium of perovskite type (Ba.sub.x Sr.sub.y Ca.sub.1-x-y)TiO.sub.3. Also provided is a method for making a dielectric thin film of that formula over a wide compositional range through a single deposition process.
Bridge-enhanced nanoscale impedance microscopy (2005)

A conductive atomic force microscopy (cAFM) technique has been developed that is capable of quantitatively measuring the magnitude and phase of alternating current flow through the tip/sample junction with a five order of magnitude improvement in sensitivity. Bridge-enhanced nanoscale impedance microscopy (BE-NIM) uses a tunable resistor/capacitor bridge circuit to null the spurious contribution to the tip/sample current caused by fringe capacitance between the cAFM cantilever and the sample. As a proof of principle, BE-NIM is used to characterize an array of electron-beam lithographically patterned metal-oxide-semiconductor capacitors and compared directly to conventional nanoscale impedance microscopy. In addition, BE-NIM is applied to a multiwalled carbon nanotube/poly(m-phenylenevinylene-co-2,5-dioctyloxy-p-phenylenevinylene) nanocomposite material, on which the alternating current behavior of individual nanoscale conductive pathways is quantitatively probed.
Effects of Probucol on Vascular Remodeling After Coronary Angioplasty (1999)

Lumen loss after balloon angioplasty is due to inadequate vessel remodeling in response to neointimal formation. Probucol exerts its antirestenotic effects by improving vascular remodeling after angioplasty.
Stress-associated erythropoiesis initiation is regulated by type 1 conventional dendritic cells (2015)

Erythropoiesis is an important response to certain types of stress, including hypoxia, hemorrhage, bone marrow suppression, and anemia, that result in inadequate tissue oxygenation. This stress-induced erythropoiesis is distinct from basal red blood cell generation; however, neither the cellular nor the molecular factors that regulate this process are fully understood. Here, we report that type 1 conventional dendritic cells (cDC1s), which are defined by expression of CD8α in the mouse and XCR1 and CLEC9 in humans, are critical for induction of erythropoiesis in response to stress. Specifically, using murine models, we determined that engagement of a stress sensor, CD24, on cDC1s upregulates expression of the Kit ligand stem cell factor on these cells. The increased expression of stem cell factor resulted in Kit-mediated proliferative expansion of early erythroid progenitors and, ultimately, transient reticulocytosis in the circulation. Moreover, this stress response was triggered in part by alarmin recognition and was blunted in CD24 sensor- and CD8α+ DC-deficient animals. The contribution of the cDC1 subset to the initiation of stress erythropoiesis was distinct from the well-recognized role of macrophages in supporting late erythroid maturation. Together, these findings offer insight into the mechanism of stress erythropoiesis and into disorders of erythrocyte generation associated with stress.