gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Parallel Reservoir Computing Using Optical Amplifiers (2011)

Reservoir computing (RC), a computational paradigm inspired on neural systems, has become increasingly popular in recent years for solving a variety of complex recognition and classification problems. Thus far, most implementations have been software-based, limiting their speed and power efficiency. Integrated photonics offers the potential for a fast, power efficient and massively parallel hardware implementation. We have previously proposed a network of coupled semiconductor optical amplifiers as an interesting test case for such a hardware implementation. In this paper, we investigate the important design parameters and the consequences of process variations through simulations. We use an isolated word recognition task with babble noise to evaluate the performance of the photonic reservoirs with respect to traditional software reservoir implementations, which are based on leaky hyperbolic tangent functions. Our results show that the use of coherent light in a well-tuned reservoir architecture offers significant performance benefits. The most important design parameters are the delay and the phase shift in the system's physical connections. With optimized values for these parameters, coherent semiconductor optical amplifier (SOA) reservoirs can achieve better results than traditional simulated reservoirs. We also show that process variations hardly degrade the performance, but amplifier noise can be detrimental. This effect must therefore be taken into account when designing SOA-based RC implementations.
Antitumor activity of new semisynthetic saframycin derivatives. (1986)

Saframycins Yd-1 and Y3, which have an amino functional group in the side chain, were recently obtained by a directed biosynthesis. Twenty-eight side chain-modified chemical derivatives were prepared from these saframycins, and their in vitro and in vivo antitumor activities were studied. Among these new derivatives, three saframycins, namely, two N-acyl derivatives, pivaloyl- and n-caproylsaframycin Y3, and one water-soluble type, saframycin Yd-1.HCl, were found to show marked antitumor activity against L1210 mouse leukemia cells. Further studies of these saframycin derivatives using B16-F10 melanoma and Lewis lung carcinoma indicated that all three saframycins are also active against B16-F10 melanoma; saframycin Yd-1.HCl showed the greatest prolongation of survival time. Marked inhibition of spontaneous metastasis of Lewis lung carcinoma was observed in mice treated with these new derivatives. Structure-activity relationships among these semisynthetic saframycins are discussed.
<title>Method of measuring doped-diamond-film thermal conductivity using infrared thermography</title> (1994)

Experimental techniques were developed for the measurement of CVD doped-diamond film thermal conductivity. Three solutions were derived, one each for 1D, 2D, and radial heat flow. Parameters such as characteristic length, film resistivity and thickness were chosen from the model to reduce convective effects, obtain the desired temperature rise, and minimize the uncertainty in the estimation of the thermal conductivity. A diamond film specimen of doped and nondoped diamond layers deposited on a silicon substrate was designed and fabricated. A circular region was chemically etched from the substrate to expose a free-standing diamond diaphragm, 3 mm in diameter. An infrared imaging temperature acquisition system was implemented to improve spatial, temporal, and mechanical limitations posed by contact sensors. Preliminary results for the thermal conductivity were obtained using the method of least squares to minimize the error between the measured temperatures recorded by the infrared temperature acquisition system and the calculated temperatures determined by the optimal radial heat flow model. The thermal conductivity was determined to be 240 +/- 11 W/m K.
Inhibition of the proteolytic activity of the multicatalytic proteinase complex (proteasome) by substrate-related peptidyl aldehydes. (1994)

Evidence indicates that a component of the multicatalytic proteinase complex (MPC) that preferentially cleaves bonds after branched chain amino acids (BrAAP) is a major factor responsible for the protein-degrading activity of the MPC. We report here the synthesis of substrate-related peptidyl aldehydes that inhibit the activity of this component toward both synthetic peptide substrates and proteins. The most potent of the inhibitors, Cbz-Gly-Pro-Phe-leucinal (Cbz-GPFL-CHO) inhibits competitively with a Ki of 1.5 microM. The peptidyl aldehydes also inhibit the small neutral amino acid preferring and the peptidylglutamyl-peptide hydrolyzing activities of the MPC. The chymotrypsin-like activity is only weakly inhibited, and the trypsin-like activity is moderately activated. The importance of a Pro residue in the P3 position and a leucinal residue in the P1 position for inhibition of the BrAAP component is indicated by the finding that replacement of these residues by a glycine or phenylalaninal, respectively, markedly increases the Ki. Cbz-GPFL-CHO inhibited the BrAAP activity with the same Ki both before and after activation of this component by exposure of the MPC to 3,4-dichloroisocoumarin, suggesting that the peptidyl aldehyde is an effective inhibitor of both the overt and latent proteolytic activities of the MPC. Incubation of a human breast cancer cell line (MCF-7) in culture with the inhibitors of the BrAAP component led to an accumulation of ubiquitin-protein conjugates, indicating inhibition of the ubiquitin-dependent proteolytic pathway.
Joint Transmitter/Receiver I/Q Imbalance Compensation for Direct Conversion OFDM in Packet-Switched Multipath Environments (2009)

This correspondence presents an algorithm for compensation of I/Q imbalance for a direct-conversion packet-switched orthogonal frequency-division-multiplexing (OFDM) communications system, which accounts for transmitter I/Q imbalance, receiver I/Q imbalance, phase/frequency error, and dispersive multipath fading. The proposed estimation algorithm is then presented, which operates within the framework of existing multiuser OFDM radio standards (802.11a). It is shown that this algorithm accurately estimates and corrects transceiver I/Q imbalance on a packet-by-packet basis, all within the receiver's digital baseband.
Synthesis, 1H NMR Structure, and Activity of a Three-disulfide-bridged Maurotoxin Analog Designed to Restore the Consensus Motif of Scorpion Toxins (2000)

Maurotoxin (MTX) is a 34-residue toxin that has been isolated from the venom of the chactidae scorpion Scorpio maurus palmatus. The toxin displays an exceptionally wide range of pharmacological activity since it binds onto small conductance Ca(2+)-activated K(+) channels and also blocks Kv channels (Shaker, Kv1.2 and Kv1.3). MTX possesses 53-68% sequence identity with HsTx1 and Pi1, two other K(+) channel short chain scorpion toxins cross-linked by four disulfide bridges. These three toxins differ from other K(+)/Cl(-)/Na(+) channel scorpion toxins cross-linked by either three or four disulfide bridges by the presence of an extra half-cystine residue in the middle of a consensus sequence generally associated with the formation of an alpha/beta scaffold (an alpha-helix connected to an antiparallel beta-sheet by two disulfide bridges). Because MTX exhibits an uncommon disulfide bridge organization among known scorpion toxins (C1-C5, C2-C6, C3-C4, and C7-C8 instead of C1-C4, C2-C5, and C3-C6 for three-disulfide-bridged toxins or C1-C5, C2-C6, C3-C7, and C4-C8 for four-disulfide-bridged toxins), we designed and chemically synthesized an MTX analog with three instead of four disulfide bridges ([Abu(19),Abu(34)]MTX) and in which the entire consensus motif of scorpion toxins was restored by the substitution of the two half-cystines in positions 19 and 34 (corresponding to C4 and C8) by two isosteric alpha-aminobutyrate (Abu) derivatives. The three-dimensional structure of [Abu(19), Abu(34)]MTX in solution was solved by (1)H NMR. This analog adopts the alpha/beta scaffold with now conventional half-cystine pairings connecting C1-C5, C2-C6, and C3-C7 (with C4 and C8 replaced by Abu derivatives). This novel arrangement in half-cystine pairings that concerns the last disulfide bridge results mainly in a reorientation of the alpha-helix regarding the beta-sheet structure. In vivo, [Abu(19),Abu(34)]MTX remains lethal in mice as assessed by intracerebroventricular injection of the peptide (LD(50) value of 0. 25 microg/mouse). The structural variations are also accompanied by changes in the pharmacological selectivity of the peptide, suggesting that the organization pattern of disulfide bridges should affect the three-dimensional presentation of certain key residues critical to the blockage of K(+) channel subtypes.
Parallel Plate Capacitive Detection of Large Amplitude Motion in MEMS (2007)

Detection of motion with parallel plate capacitors is commonly used in MEMS; small amplitude of motion is typically assumed. In this paper, we derive precise and constructive equations for the case of parallel plate capacitive detection of large amplitude of motion. These equations are solved in closed form without using a small displacement assumption. A precise relationship between the amplitude of the mechanical motion and the amplitude of the electrical sensing signals is obtained which allows the elimination of the nonlinearity error. To illustrate the theoretical findings, MEMS test structures were designed and fabricated. Experiments confirm the developed theory. The proposed algorithms of detection are especially valuable for capacitive detection of arbitrary amplitudes of motion in resonant structures such as gyroscopes, resonant microbalances, and chemical sensors.
Solid Propellants for Hydrogen Gas Generators (1976)

Solid propellants have been developed and evaluated in a hydrogen gas generator as potential sources of hydrogen for the HF/DF chemical laser. Formulations based on the reaction of NaBH4 with Fe2O3 to produce high purity hydrogen and the reaction of NaBH4 with (NH4)2SO4 to produce a mixture of hydrogen and nitrogen have been investigated. When deuterated compounds are used in place of the hydrogen-containing compounds, deuterium (D2) is generated in place of hydrogen (H2). Propellant grains of NaBH4/Fe2O3 weighing approximately 0.08 kg have been prepared and used to generate high purity hydrogen gas for use as a laser cavity fuel and precombustor fuel in a small HF/DF chemical laser device. The propellant formulations that contain NaBH4 are very stable to moisture, exhibit no sensitivity to impact or friction, and have autoignition temperatures above 773 K. These propellants or similar type solid propellants are potential storage H2/D2 gas sources that combine instant readiness with excellent handling characteristics and compact storage. The volumetric efficiency of these solid propellants is equivalent to or greater than that of liquid hydrogen as a source of gaseous hydrogen. Experimental data from the HF/DF chemical laser tests confirm that hydrogen produced from a solid propellant grain is equivalent to commercial hydrogen for use as a cavity or precombustor fuel in the HF/DF chemical laser. (Author)
Discovery and Confirmation of Diagnostic Serum Lipid Biomarkers for Alzheimer’s Disease Using Direct Infusion Mass Spectrometry (2017)

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative disorder lacking early biochemical diagnosis and treatment. Lipids have been implicated in neurodegenerative disorders including AD. A shotgun lipidomic approach was undertaken to determine if lipid biomarkers exist that can discriminate AD cases from controls. The discovery study involved sera from 29 different stage AD cases and 32 controls. Lipid extraction was performed using organic solvent and the samples were directly infused into a time-of-flight mass spectrometer. Differences between AD cases and controls were detected with 87 statistically significant lipid candidate markers found. These potential lipid markers were reevaluated in a second confirmatory study involving 27 cases and 30 controls. Of the 87 candidates from the first study, 35 continued to be statistically significant in the second confirmatory set. Tandem MS studies were performed and almost all confirmed markers were characterized and classified. Using a Bayesian lasso probit regression model on the confirmed markers, a multi-marker set with AUC = 0.886 was developed comparing all stages of AD with controls. Additionally, using confirmed biomarkers, multi-marker sets with AUCs >0.90 were developed for each specific AD Clinical Dementia Rating versus controls, including the earliest stage of AD. More conservative and likely more realistic statistical analyses still found multi-marker sets that appeared useful in diagnosing AD. Finally, using ordinal modeling a set of markers was developed that staged AD accurately 70% of the time, p = 0.0079. These results suggest that these serum lipidomic biomarkers may help diagnose and perhaps even stage AD.
Novel electron interferometers using field-induced decoupling in double quantum well structures (1990)

Novel Aharonov–Bohm type electron interferometers are proposed, which have no curved electron waveguide structures to form a ring geometry. But instead the ring geometry is effectively constructed in a straight double quantum well structure, by the control of the shapes of the wave functions by electric fields. The interferometer has a perfect single-mode channel in each arm of the interferometer as well as the exact 1:1 branching ratio to the two arms, for each electron moving in the plane of the ring.
A/F ratio estimation and control based on induced engine roughness (2002)

A new estimator for A/F ratio is described, which is based on inducing crankshaft speed fluctuations by modulating the fuel injection pulse widths in a predetermined manner. The fuel pulse width modulation produces a corresponding modulation of the instantaneous combustion A/F ratio and IMEP, which in turn modulate the crankshaft velocity. Event based measurements of crankshaft velocity provide a metric that, together with other engine state parameters, can be used to estimate A/F ratio independent of data from an exhaust gas oxygen sensor. The estimator can be used to supplement the exhaust gas sensor during cold start or warm start engine operation when the sensor may not be available. This paper discusses the design of the A/F ratio estimator, the transient performance of the estimator during both engine cold and warm start operation, and the transient performance of a closed loop A/F ratio control system using the estimator for A/F ratio feedback.
Single-mode VCSEL operation via photocurrent feedback (1999)

On-axis channeling through the use of photoactive layers in VCSEL cavities is proposed to counteract hole burning and mode switching. The photoactive layers act as variable resistivity screens whose radial `aperture' is controlled by the light itself. It is numerically demonstrated that absorption of a small fraction of the light intensity suffices for significant on axis current peaking and single mode operation at currents many times threshold, with minimum efficiency loss and optical mode distortion. Fabrication is implemented during the molecular beam epitaxy phase without wafer post processing, as for oxide apertures.
Low-mutation-rate, reduced-genome Escherichia coli: an improved host for faithful maintenance of engineered genetic constructs (2012)

By eliminating stress-inducible error-prone DNA-polymerases, the genome of the mobile genetic element-free E. coli strain MDS42 was further stabilized. The resulting strain represents an improved host in various synthetic and molecular biological applications, allowing more stable production of growth-inhibiting biomolecules.
White-light pseudocolor density encoder (1978)

A simple technique utilizing a white-light processing system for the pseudocolor encoding of photographic materials by density is presented. Pseudocolored output of many different color codes is obtained by selectively spatial filtering the dispersed colors of the various high-diffraction orders of a halftone input. Besides permitting a large variety of color codes, this white-light technique would also eliminate all coherent artifact noises that plague coherent systems. Experimental results are presented, and comparison with the coherent technique is provided.
Reactor dosimetry. ASTM STP 1228 (1994)

Important advances have been made over the past three decades in neutron and gamma physics and dosimetry. Most of this has been done in support of reactor development programs and the enhanced understanding of radiation damage to reactor fuels, materials, and components. The eighth symposium provided an update of the field of reactor dosimetry. Experts were specifically invited to discuss their latest results under the broad theme of dosimetry for the correlation of radiation effects. This volume has been divided into the following sections: pressure vessel surveillance dosimetry; neutron dosimetry techniques--passive; neutron dosimetry techniques--active; benchmarks; gamma-ray dosimetry techniques; radiation field characterization; nuclear data; and high energy neutron dosimetry. Separate abstracts were prepared for 75 papers in this book.
Spectrum-Sliced Fiber Amplifier Light Source with a Polarization-Insensitive Electroabsorption Modulator (1994)

Recently, we proposed a spectrum-sliced fiber amplifier light source for multi-channel WDM applications [1]. The high-power ASE from an EDFA could be efficiently divided into many channels using an integrated optic WDM demultiplexer [2]. Thus, this "spectrum-sliced" ASE could be used as light sources for WDM systems rather than several wavelength-selected DFB lasers. However, these incoherent light sources would suffer from excess noise caused by the beating of the various Fourier components within the broad spectrum. In particular, this excess noise becomes dominant over the electrical noise when the optical bandwidth per channel is significantly reduced, as in the proposed WDM light source. Thus, the SNR of the spectrum-sliced ASE source at the receiver is given.
Entwurf eines adaptiven robusten „Fuzzy sliding-mode”-Reglers, Teil 3 (Design of an Adaptive and Robust Fuzzy Sliding-mode Controller, Part 3) (2000)

In zwei früheren Arbeiten [1;2] wurden die Grundlagen der Fuzzy sliding-mode-Regelung und die Eigenschaften adaptiver Regler dargestellt, mittels derer adaptive Fuzzy-Regler klassifiziert werden können. Aufbauend auf diesen Grundlagen wurde ein neues linguistisches Adaptionskonzept für einen Fuzzy sliding-mode-Regler vorgestellt und analysiert. Im folgenden werden die Eigenschaften dieses Regelalgorithmus’ praktisch erprobt und die Lösung simulativ und experimentell sowie für einen dreiarmigen Roboter untersucht.
Novel Parathyroid Hormone (PTH) Antagonists That Bind to the Juxtamembrane Portion of the PTH/PTH-related Protein Receptor (2004)

Current antagonists for the parathyroid hormone (PTH)/PTH-related protein (PTHrP) receptor (PTHR) are N-terminally truncated or N-terminally modified analogs of PTH(1-34) or PTHrP(1-34) and are thought to bind predominantly to the N-terminal extracellular (N) domain of the receptor. We hypothesized that ligands that bind only to PTHR region comprised of the extracellular loops and seven transmembrane helices (the juxtamembrane or J domain) could also antagonize the PTHR. To test this, we started with the J domain-selective agonists [Gln(10),Ala(12),Har(11),Trp(14),Arg(19) (M)]PTH(1-21), [M]PTH(1-15), and [M]PTH(1-14), and introduced substitutions at positions 1-3 that were predicted to dissociate PTHR binding and cAMP signaling activities. Strong dissociation was observed with the tri-residue sequence diethylglycine (Deg)(1)-para-benzoyl-l-phenylalanine (Bpa)(2)-Deg(3). In HKRK-B7 cells, which express the cloned human PTHR, [Deg(1,3),Bpa(2),M]PTH(1-21), [Deg(1,3),Bpa(2),M]PTH(1-15), and [Deg(1,3),Bpa(2),M]PTH(1-14) fully inhibited (IC(50)s = 100-700 nm) the binding of (125)I-[alpha-aminoisobutyric acid(1,3),M]PTH(1-15) and were severely defective for stimulating cAMP accumulation. In ROS 17/2.8 cells, which express the native rat PTHR, [Deg(1,3),Bpa(2),M]PTH(1-21) and [Deg(1,3),Bpa(2),M]PTH(1-15) antagonized the cAMP-agonist action of PTH(1-34), as did PTHrP(5-36) (IC(50)s = 0.7 microm, 2.6 microm, and 36 nm, respectively). In COS-7 cells expressing PTHR-delNt, which lacks the N domain of the receptor, [Deg(1,3),Bpa(2), M]PTH(1-21) and [Deg(1,3),Bpa(2),M]PTH(1-15) inhibited the agonist actions of [alpha-aminoisobutyric acid(1,3)]PTH(1-34) and [M]PTH(1-14) (IC(50)s approximately 1 microm), whereas PTHrP(5-36) failed to inhibit. [Deg(1,3),Bpa(2),M]PTH(1-14) inhibited the constitutive cAMP-signaling activity of PTHR-tether-PTH(1-9), in which the PTH(1-9) sequence is covalently linked to the PTHR J domain, as well as that of PTHR(cam)H223R. Thus, the J-domain-selective N-terminal PTH fragment analogs can function as antagonists as well as inverse agonists for the PTHR. The new ligands described should be useful for further studies of the ligand binding and activation mechanisms that operate in the critical PTHR J domain.
Structures of Purine 2‘-Deoxyribosyltransferase, Substrate Complexes, and the Ribosylated Enzyme Intermediate at 2.0 Å Resolution<sup>,</sup> (2004)

The structure of class I N-deoxyribosyltransferase from Lactobacillus helveticus was determined by X-ray crystallography. Unlike class II N-deoxyribosyltransferases, which accept either purine or pyrimidine deoxynucleosides, class I enzymes are specific for purines as both the donor and acceptor base. Both class I and class II enzymes are highly specific for deoxynucleosides. The class I structure reveals similarities with the previously determined class II enzyme from Lactobacillus leichmanni [Armstrong, S. A., Cook, W. J., Short, S. A., and Ealick, S. E. (1996) Structure 4, 97-107]. The specificity of the class I enzyme for purine deoxynucleosides can be traced to a loop (residues 48-62), which shields the active site in the class II enzyme. In the class I enzyme, the purine base itself shields the active site from the solvent, while the smaller pyrimidine base cannot. The structure of the enzyme with a bound ribonucleoside shows that the nucleophilic oxygen atom of Glu101 hydrogen bonds to the O2' atom, rendering it unreactive and thus explaining the specificity for 2'-deoxynucleosides. The structure of a ribosylated enzyme intermediate reveals movements that occur during cleavage of the N-glycosidic bond. The structures of complexes with substrates and substrate analogues show that the purine base can bind in several different orientations, thus explaining the ability of the enzyme to catalyze alternate deoxyribosylation at the N3 or N7 position.
A novel objective method for assessing high‐contrast spatial resolution in <scp>CT</scp> based on the Rayleigh criterion (2016)

In this study, the subjective evaluation results from experienced observers showed relatively less uncertainty and more accuracy than those from inexperienced observers. Furthermore, a new objective evaluation approach that is easily understood, accurate, and reproducible was developed in this study. Results acquired using this new method were comparable with those of expert groups' subjective evaluation and MTF evaluation. Specialized QA software that integrates the steps implemented in the new method is being developed to enhance the convenience of the approach and assist observers in obtaining accurate and replicable assessment results.