gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Hierarchical Intrusion Detection Using Machine Learning and Knowledge Model (2020)

Intrusion detection systems (IDS) present a critical component of network infrastructures. Machine learning models are widely used in the IDS to learn the patterns in the network data and to detect the possible attacks in the network traffic. Ensemble models combining a variety of different machine learning models proved to be efficient in this domain. On the other hand, knowledge models have been explicitly designed for the description of the attacks and used in ontology-based IDS. In this paper, we propose a hierarchical IDS based on the original symmetrical combination of machine learning approach with knowledge-based approach to support detection of existing types and severity of new types of network attacks. Multi-stage hierarchical prediction consists of the predictive models able to distinguish the normal connections from the attacks and then to predict the attack classes and concrete attack types. The knowledge model enables to navigate through the attack taxonomy and to select the appropriate model to perform a prediction on the selected level. Designed IDS was evaluated on a widely used KDD 99 dataset and compared to similar approaches.
Extended discretionary access controls (1988)

A discretionary access control mechanism proposed for a secure distributed operating system (DOS) being designed at BBN Laboratories is presented. The DOS is an object-oriented system that uses access control lists to authorize access to objects. Discretionary controls are implemented in a type-specific manner inside the managers of objects. Several extensions to conventional access control lists are proposed, including a limited form of privilege transfer, module interconnection control, support for direct operations roles, and restricted roles. A technique for automatically generating access control implementations is presented that is based on nonprocedural specifications, and an implementation approach is proposed that allows the generated code to be embedded with high assurance in untrusted object managers using hardware protection rings. The concepts and mechanisms are illustrated with a simple banking example.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Nucleophilic additions to <i>N</i>‐glycosylnitrones part IV Asymmetric synthesis of <i>N</i>‐hydroxy‐α‐aminophosphonic and α‐aminophosphonic acids (1987)

Abstract The addition of phosphite anions and of tris(trimethylsilyl) phosphite (P(OSiMe 3 ) 3 ) to N ‐glycosyl‐ C ‐arylnitrones was examined. While these nitrones proved inert towards the phosphite anions, they reacted with P(OSiMe 3 ) 3 under catalysis by Lewis acids. Thus, P(OSiMe 3 ) 3 reacted with the crystalline ( Z )‐ N ‐glycosylnitrones 2 and 8 to give the optically active N ‐hydroxy‐α‐aminophosphonic acids 4 and 10 , respectively, and hence the α‐aminophosphonic acids 5 and 11 in yields up to 92% and with an enantiomeric excess (e.e.) up to 97% ( Scheme 1 ). The absolute configuration of the phosphonates depend upon the nature and – in one case – upon the quantity of the catalyst ( Figure) . Upon catalysis by HCIO 4 or Zn(OTF) 2 , p(OSiMe 3 ) 3 added to 2 to give, in both cases, the (+)‐( R )‐phenylphosphaglycine 5 (optical purity 79–84 and 90–93%, resp.). The optical purity (o.p.) was hardly influenced by the amount of these catalysts (0.02‐;1 equiv.). However, catalysis by ZnCl 2 gave, with trace quantities of the catalyst, (–)‐( S )‐ 5 (o.p. 79%), while an equimolar amount of ZnCl 2 yielded (+)‐( R )‐ 5 (o.p. 82%). The HClO 4 ‐catalyzed addition of P(OSiMe 3 ) 3 to the nitrone 14 ( Scheme 2 ) led to (+)‐( R )‐ N ‐hydroxyphosphavaline 15 (78%) and hence to (–)‐( R )‐phosphavaline 16 (71% from 14 e.e. 95%). Under conditions leading from the nitrones 2 , 8 , 14 , and 20 ( Schemes 1 and 2 ) predominantly to ( R )‐α‐aminophosphonic acids, the addition of P(OSiMe 3 ) 3 to nitrone 18 , possessing a benzyloxy substituent as an additional potential ligand for the catalyst, gave ( S )‐phosphaserine 19 . The addition of P(OSiMe 3 ) 3 to the nitrone 20 , catalyzed by Zn(OTf) 2 , led to (+)‐( R )‐ N ‐hydroxyphosphamehionine 21 (71%, e.e. 77%) and hence to (–)‐( R )‐phosphamethionine 22 (77% from 20 , e.e. 79%). Catalysis by trace quantities of ZnCl 2 gave (+)‐( S )‐ 22 (85%, e.e. 61%). The enantiomerically pure aminophosphonic acids 5 , 11 , and 16 were obtained by recrystalliztion. The e.e. of the N ‐hydroxyaminosphosphonic acids 10 , 15 , and 21 and the aminophosphonic acids 5 , 11 , 16 , and 22 were determined by the HPLC analysis of the dimethyl N ‐naphthoyl‐α‐aminophosphonats 7 , 13 , 17 , and 23 , on a chiral stationary phase.
Effects of butorphanol preadministration in the prevention of myocardial injury induced by ischemia-reperfusion in patients with distal fracture of lower extremities (2019)

Objective
To analyze the clinical value of butorphanol preadministration in the prevention of myocardial injury induced by ischemia-reperfusion in patients with distal fracture of lower extremities.


Methods
Ninety patients with distal fracture of lower extremities treated by ischemia-reperfusion in the Second Hospital of Shanxi Medical University from June 2018 to February 2019 were selected as subjects of the study. The patients were divided into observation group and control group according to random number table method, with 45 cases in each group. Patients in observation group were pretreated with butorphanol during the operation, and patients in control group were injected with the same dose of physiological sodium chloride solution intravenously. Perioperative indicators of the two groups were compared. The levels of creatine kinase isoenzymes (CK-MB), malondialdehyde (MDA), cardiac troponin I (cTnI) and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) before tourniquet use and after tourniquet release were compared between the two groups.


Results
There was no significant difference in operation time between the two groups (P>0.05). The time of intraoperative tourniquet use and hospitalization of observation group were significantly shorter than those of control group (P<0.05). In control group, the levels of CK-MB, MDA, cTnI, TNF-α at 5 min, 2 h, 12 h and 24 h after the release of tourniquet were significantly higher than those before using tourniquet (P<0.05). In observation group, CK-MB was higher at 5 min, 2 h, 12 h and 24 h after the release of tourniquet than that before tourniquet use (P<0.05), but there was no significant difference in MDA, cTnI and TNF-α before tourniquet use and 24 hours after tourniquet release. CK-MB, MDA, cTnI and TNF-α in observation group were lower than those in control group before tourniquet use and 5 min, 2 h, 12 h and 24 h after tourniquet release (P<0.05).


Conclusions
Preadministration of butorphanol has a protective effect on myocardial injury induced by ischemia-reperfusion in patients with distal fracture of lower extremities.


Key words: 
Distal fracture of lower extremities; Ischemia-reperfusion; Butorphanol; Myocardial injury
An Investigation of a Possible Thin Film RF Sputter Deposited Sodium-ion conductor: NaPON (2008)

Abstract not Available.
Defect independence of the irreversibility line in proton-irradiated Y-Ba-Cu-O crystals (1990)

Flux pinning in Y-Ba-Cu-O crystals is studied as a function of fluence of 3-MeV protons, which create random local defects. Order-of-magnitude increases in the critical current density are deduced from magnetic hysteresis loops, with values up to 2\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}${10}^{5}$ A/${\mathrm{cm}}^{2}$ observed at 77 K and 1 T. However, the irreversibility line in the field-temperature plane and the pinning potentials deduced from flux-creep studies are hardly changed. These results are compared to melting and pinning models.
Next-Generation Sequencing Technology Reveals a Characteristic Pattern of Molecular Mutations in 72.8% of Chronic Myelomonocytic Leukemia by Detecting Frequent Alterations in <i>TET2</i>, <i>CBL</i>, <i>RAS</i>, and <i>RUNX1</i> (2010)

The number of molecular markers used to categorize myeloid neoplasms is constantly increasing. Here, NGS screening has been demonstrated to support a comprehensive characterization of the molecular background in CMML. A pattern of molecular mutations translates into different biologic and prognostic categories of CMML.
Carbamide peroxide at-home bleaching agents. An update. (1992)

Interest in the use of bleaching for treatment of discolored teeth is increasing. Bleaching, especially at-home mouthguard bleaching, is considered by many professionals to be the most conservative, non-invasive treatment modality currently available.
Bistability, multistability and non-reciprocal light propagation in Thue–Morse multilayered structures (2010)

The nonlinear properties of quasiperiodic photonic crystals based on the Thue-Morse sequence are investigated. The intrinsic spatial asymmetry of these one-dimensional structures for odd generation numbers results in bistability thresholds which are sensitive to the propagation direction. Along with resonances of perfect transmission, this feature allows to achieve strongly non-reciprocal propagation and to create an all-optical diode. The salient qualitative features of such optical diode action is readily explained through a simple coupled resonator model. The efficiency of a passive scheme, which does not necessitate of an additional short pump signal, is compared to an active scheme, where such a signal is required.
Synaptic plasticity in vitro: cell culture of identified Aplysia neurons mediating short-term habituation and sensitization (1986)

The gill withdrawal reflex of the marine mollusk, Aplysia californica, shows habituation and sensitization, two simple forms of learning. In order to extend the cellular studies on synaptic plasticity underlying the changes in the reflex behavior, and to explore further the development of synaptic plasticity during synapse formation, we have sought to establish the neural circuit of the gill withdrawal reflex in vitro. We report here the reconstruction of the elementary gill withdrawal circuit in cell culture and find that the cells show short-term homosynaptic depression and heterosynaptic facilitation, the cellular mechanisms of habituation and sensitization, respectively.
Vibratory tactile display of image-based textures (1997)

Virtual worlds must integrate tactile and force sensations to create a sense of presence. Our tactile display conveys the textural sensation of object surfaces to a user's fingertip. This vibratory tactile display contains a contact pin array that transmits vibrations to the human skin. This type of device has been investigated as a reading aid for the blind since the 1960s. A device called the Optacon, developed by J.G. Linvill and J.C. Bliss (1966) was intended for use by a visually impaired person. Therefore, methods for representing texture have not been discussed extensively for that device. We present techniques for virtually replicating surface texture sensations through a vibratory tactile display, using image data of objects. M. Minsky et al. (1990) demonstrated a method for presenting surface textures by force display, including-if needed-visual images of textures. Their system generated the images from geometrical shapes of depth maps. In contrast, we use pictures of real object surfaces to provide the distribution data for tactile stimulus.
Enhancing the efficiency of power- and biomass-to-liquid fuel processes using fuel-assisted solid oxide electrolysis cells (2022)

Power- and biomass-to-liquid fuel processes (PBtL) can utilize renewable energy and residual forestry waste to produce liquid synthetic fuels, which have the potential to mitigate the climate impacts of the current transportation infrastructure, including the long-haul aviation sector. In a previous study, we demonstrated that implementing a solid oxide electrolysis cell (SOEC) in the PBtL process can significantly increase the energy efficiency of fuel production, by supplying the produced hydrogen to a reverse water gas shift (RWGS) reactor to generate syngas, which is then fed downstream to a Fischer–Tropsch (FT) reactor. The tail gas emitted from the FT reactor consists primarily of a mixture of hydrogen, carbon monoxide, and methane, and is often recycled to the entrained flow gasifier located at the beginning of the process. In this analysis, we investigate the efficiency gains of the PBtL process as a result of redirecting the tail gas of the FT reactor to the anode of an SOEC to serve as fuel. Supplying fuel to an SOEC can lower the electrical work input required to facilitate steam electrolysis when reacting electrochemically with oxide ions in the anode, which in turn can reduce oxygen partial pressures and thus alleviate material degradation. Accordingly, we develop a thermodynamic framework to reveal the performance limits of fuel-assisted SOECs (FASOECs) and provide strategies to minimize oxygen partial pressures in the SOEC anode. Additionally, we elucidate how much fuel is required to match the heating demands of a cell when steam is supplied to the cathode over a broad range of inlet temperatures, and demonstrate the influence of a set of reaction pathways of the supplied fuel on the operating potential of an FASOEC and the corresponding efficiency gain of the PBtL process. Based on preliminary calculations, we estimate that implementing an FASOEC in the PBtL process can increase the energy efficiency of fuel production to more than 90%, depending on the amount of FT tail gas available to the system.
Actual 10-Year Survival After Resection of Colorectal Liver Metastases Defines Cure (2007)

Patients who survive 10 years appear to be cured of their disease, whereas approximately one third of actual 5-year survivors succumb to a cancer-related death. In well-selected patients, there is at least a one in six chance of cure after hepatectomy for CLM. The presence of poor prognostic factors does not preclude the possibility of long-term survival and cure.
Absence of a FOXL2 mutation (402C→G) in the blood of adult-type granulosa cell tumor patients possessing the FOXL2 mutation. (2010)

Recently, a new mutation in FOXL2, c.402C→G leading to a p.C134W change, was reported to be found in 97% of adult-type ovarian granulosa cell tumors (GCTs) tested. In the current study, we compared the FOXL2 sequences of genomic DNA isolated from both GCT and blood. Although the GCTs of patients possessed the FOXL2 mutation, their FOXL2 nucleotide sequences of genomic DNA isolated from matching blood samples lacked the 402C→G mutation. Therefore, we confirmed that the nucleotide alteration of FOXL2 is due to a somatic mutation and demonstrated that sequencing of blood DNA for the detection of the FOXL2 mutation is not a useful method for the diagnosis of GCT.
Resonance Raman spectra, excitation profiles, and infrared spectra of [N,N'-ethylenebis(salicylideniminato)]cobalt(II) in the solid state (1981)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTResonance Raman spectra, excitation profiles, and infrared spectra of [N,N'-ethylenebis(salicylideniminato)]cobalt(II) in the solid stateM. Suzuki, T. Ishiguro, M. Kozuka, and K. NakamotoCite this: Inorg. Chem. 1981, 20, 7, 1993–1996Publication Date (Print):July 1, 1981Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 July 1981https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ic50221a011https://doi.org/10.1021/ic50221a011research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views2111Altmetric-Citations50LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Molecular profiling of human cancer: new opportunities. (1999)

The Human Genome Project will be completed in the near future, providing new opportunities for researchers to better understand human biology. In order to maximize the value of the genetic data, high-throughput molecular analyses will become an essential experimental methodology, allowing global views of gene expression to be produced and examined. As an example, this approach will permit investigators studying cancer to comprehensively examine the genes and gene products whose alterations underlie tumor development and progression. This information will be essential in determining the fundamental causes of human neoplasms as well as having immediate practical value in the development of clinically useful diagnostic markers and therapeutic targets.
Recent approaches for controlling brown spot disease of Faba Bean in Egypt (2011)

Commercial compounds of induced resistance (Bion, Starner, Boric acid and Salicylic acid) were used for controlling faba bean chocolate spot disease under greenhouse conditions. The tested compounds significantly reduced the disease severity and this was more pronounced in case of soaking faba bean seeds in Boric acid for 24 hrs at its double field dose that resulted in an efficacy of 87.61% controlling disease. The activities of peroxidase, catalase and polyphenoloxidase in the infected plants were markedly reduced in the treated infected plants. Applying tested compounds to the infected plants significantly increased total carbohydrate, total soluble protein and total phenols comparing to untreated infected plants. So it could be concluded that the used compounds could resist the detrimental effects of Botrytis fabae on the plant growth and yield.
Multicast Precoding for Multigateway Multibeam Satellite Systems With Feeder Link Interference (2019)

This paper studies the multigroup multicast precoding problem in frame-based multigateway multibeam satellite communications with feeder link interference. We formulate a sum rate maximization problem that incorporates the minimum signal-to-interference-and-noise-ratio requirement for each user, the sum power constraint at each gateway, as well as the per feed power constraints at the satellite. Both transparent payload and payload with on-board processing are considered. In the former case, we propose a centralized algorithm by employing the successive convex approximation (SCA) approach, which iteratively approximates the original nonconvex problem to a second-order cone program. Moreover, in order, for each gateway, to compute its precoding vector locally with local channel state information, we devise a decentralized algorithm by incorporating consensus alternating direction method of multipliers (ADMM) into the SCA framework. For the latter case, we devise a two-stage precoding scheme where, in the first stage, a leakage-based minimum mean-square-error scheme is employed to control the feeder link interference efficiently. In the subsequent second stage, we use the SCA-ADMM approach to deal with the user link interference while maximizing the sum rate. Finally, numerical results are presented to demonstrate the performance of the proposed schemes.
Vitamin D Supplementation for Depressive Symptoms (2014)

Vitamin D supplementation may be effective for reducing depressive symptoms in patients with clinically significant depression; however, further high-quality research is needed.
Impaired adipogenesis and lipolysis in the mouse upon selective ablation of the retinoid X receptor α mediated by a tamoxifen-inducible chimeric Cre recombinase (Cre-ER <sup>T2</sup> ) in adipocytes (2000)

Retinoid X receptor alpha (RXRalpha) is involved in multiple signaling pathways, as a heterodimeric partner of several nuclear receptors. To investigate its function in energy homeostasis, we have selectively ablated the RXRalpha gene in adipocytes of 4-week-old transgenic mice by using the tamoxifen-inducible Cre-ERT2 recombination system. Mice lacking RXRalpha in adipocytes were resistant to dietary and chemically induced obesity and impaired in fasting-induced lipolysis. Our results also indicate that RXRalpha is involved in adipocyte differentiation. Thus, our data demonstrate the feasibility of adipocyte-selective temporally controlled gene engineering and reveal a central role of RXRalpha in adipogenesis, probably as a heterodimeric partner for peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma.
Bayesian quickest detection (2008)

In Chapter 4, we considered the problem of optimally deciding, with a cost on sampling, between two statistical models for a set of sequentially observed data. Within each of these two models the data are homogeneous; that is, the data obey only one of the two alternative statistical models during the entire period of observation. In most of the remainder of this book, we turn to a generalization of this problem in which it is possible for the statistical behavior of observed data to change from one model to another at some unknown time during the period of observation. The objective of the observer is to detect such a change, if one occurs, as quickly as possible. This objective must be balanced with a desire to minimize false alarms. Such problems are known as quickest detection problems. In this and subsequent chapters, we analyze several useful formulations of this type of problem. Again, our focus is on the development of optimal procedures, although the issue of performance analysis will also be considered to a degree.
Exploring internally dense but externally sparse deep convolutional neural networks (2019)

Recent years have witnessed two seemingly opposite developments of deep convolutional neural networks (CNNs). On the one hand, increasing the density of CNNs (e.g., by adding cross-layer connections) achieves better performance on basic computer vision tasks. On the other hand, creating sparsity structures (e.g., through pruning methods) achieves slimmer network structures. Inspired by modularity structures in the human brain, the researchers bridge these two trends by proposing a new network structure with internally dense yet externally sparse connections. Experimental results demonstrate that the proposed method could obtain competitive performance on benchmark tasks (CIFAR10, CIFAR100, and ImageNet) while keeping the network slim. Moreover, the researchers give out connection contributions by implementing a network damage experiment, which could indicate brief principles for hierarchical deep neural network design. The proposed method could achieve a 22% top-1 error on ImageNet classification at the computational budget of 3.38 GFLOPs. This means the proposed method could achieve 2% higher recognition accuracy than ResNet50 while only using 80% of the computation cost of it.
Experimental investigation of jets in a crossflow (1984)

The paper reports on measurements in the flow generated by a jet issuing from a circular outlet in a wall into a cross-stream along this wall. For the jet-to-crossflow velocity ratios R of 0.5, 1 and 2, the mean and fluctuating velocity components were measured with a three-sensor hot-wire probe. The hot-wire signals were evaluated to yield the three mean-velocity components, the turbulent kinetic energy, the three turbulent shear stresses and, in the case of R = 0.5, the terms in the turbulent-kinetic-energy equation. The results give a quantitative picture of the complex three-dimensional mean flow and turbulence field, and the various phenomena as well as their dependence on the velocity ratio R are discussed in detail.