gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
High‐Conductivity Two‐Dimensional Polyaniline Nanosheets Developed on Ice Surfaces (2015)

A new method to develop two-dimensional PANI nanosheets using ice as a removable hard template is presented. Distinctly high current flows of 5.5 mA at 1 V and a high electrical conductivity of 35 S cm(-1) were obtained for the polyaniline (PANI) nanosheets, which marked a significant improvement from previously values on other PANIs reported over the past decades. These improved electrical properties of ice-templated PANI nanosheets were attributed to the long-range ordered edge-on π-stacking of the quinoid ring, ascribed to the ice surface-assisted vertical growth of PANI. The unprecedented advantages of the ice-templated PANI nanosheets are two-fold. First, the PANI nanosheet can be easily transferred onto various types of substrates via float-off from the ice surfaces. Second, PANI can be patterned into any shape using predetermined masks, and this is expected to facilitate the eventual convenient and inexpensive application of conducting polymers in versatile electronic device forms.
Sci—Thur AM: YIS ‐ 07: Design and production of 3D printed bolus for electron radiation therapy (2014)

This is a proof‐of‐concept study demonstrating the capacity for modulated electron radiation therapy (MERT) using 3D printed bolus. Previous reports have involved bolus design using an electron pencil beam model and fabrication using a milling machine. In this study, an in‐house algorithm is presented that optimizes the dose distribution with regard to dose coverage, conformity and homogeneity within planning target volume (PTV). The algorithm uses calculated result of a commercial electron Monte Carlo dose calculation as input. Distances along ray lines from distal side of 90% isodose to distal surface of PTV are used to estimate the bolus thickness. Inhomogeneities within the calculation volume are accounted for using coefficient of equivalent thickness method. Several regional modulation operators are applied to improve dose coverage and uniformity. The process is iterated (usually twice) until an acceptable MERT plan is realized, and the final bolus is printed using solid polylactic acid. The method is evaluated with regular geometric phantoms, anthropomorphic phantoms and a clinical rhabdomyosarcoma pediatric case. In all cases the dose conformity is improved compared to that with uniform bolus. The printed boluses conform well to the surface of complex anthropomorphic phantoms. For the rhabdomyosarcoma patient, the MERT plan yields a reduction of mean dose by 38.2% in left kidney relative to uniform bolus. MERT using 3D printed bolus appears to be a practical, low cost approach to generating optimized bolus for electron therapy. The method is effective in improving conformity of prescription isodose surface and in sparing immediately adjacent normal tissues.
Ultrafast Oleophobic–Hydrophilic Switching Surfaces for Antifogging, Self-Cleaning, and Oil–Water Separation (2014)

Smooth copolymer-fluorosurfactant complex film surfaces are found to exhibit fast oleophobic-hydrophilic switching behavior. Equilibration of the high oil contact angle (hexadecane = 80°) and low water contact angle (<10°) values occurs within 10 s of droplet impact. These optically transparent surfaces display excellent antifogging and self-cleaning properties. The magnitude of oleophobic-hydrophilic switching can be further enhanced by the incorporation of surface roughness to an extent that it reaches a sufficiently high level (water contact angle <10° and hexadecane contact angle >110°), which, when combined with the inherent ultrafast switching speed, yields oil-water mixture separation efficiencies exceeding 98%.
Monoclonal Antibody Y13-259 Recognizes an Epitope of the p21 <i>ras</i> Molecule Not Directly Involved in the GTP-Binding Activity of the Protein (1986)

The p21 products of ras proto-oncogenes are GTP-binding proteins with associated GTPase activity. Recent studies have indicated that ras p21 may be required for the initiation of normal cell DNA synthesis, since microinjection of a monoclonal antibody, Y13-259, blocks serum stimulation of DNA synthesis in quiescent cell cultures (L. S. Mulcahy, M.R. Smith, and D. W. Stacey, Nature [London] 313:241-243, 1985). We localized the structural domain within the p21 molecule recognized by the Y13-259 monoclonal antibody. By analysis of a series of bacterially expressed p21 deletion mutants, the monoclonal antibody was found to interact with a region between positions 70 and 89 in the p21 amino acid sequence. By comparison of the coding sequences of different p21 proteins recognized by this monoclonal antibody, a highly conserved amino acid region between positions 70 and 81 was found to be the most likely site for the epitope detected by the Y13-259 antibody. This monoclonal antibody was further shown not to interfere directly with in vitro biochemical functions of the molecule, including GTP binding, GTPase, and autokinase activities.
Characterization of effects of plane-front solidification and heat treatment on magnetic properties of Bi/MnBi composites (1980)

Eutectic Bi/MnBi composites (3.2 volume percent MnBi) have been plane-front directionally solidified using the Bridgman-Stockbarger method. For the growth velocity range investigated, the morphology of the composites consists of an aligned ensemble of MnBi rods with mean rod diameters lying below the theoretical size for single domain behavior. Magnetization as a function of temperature, applied field and angle with respect to the solidification direction was used to characterize the magnetic properties. These measurements have been correlated with particle size distributions and volume fraction data. Previous studies have shown that solidification processing conditions and post-solidification heat treatment significantly affect the magnetic properties due to the presence of a nonequilibrium magnetic phase. The nonequilibrium phase has been isolated by varying the processing parameters and the temperature dependence of its magnetization determined. In addition, the transformation kinetics of the nonequilibrium to the equilibrium MnBi phase was investigated by monitoring the magnetization change during isothermal annealing. The intrinsic coercivity of the equilibrium component was found to depend on whether a given percent of equilibrium phase is produced by directional solidification or post-solidification heat treatment anneal.
Antispalling Effect of WS<sub>2</sub>Nanoparticles on the Lubrication of Automotive Gearboxes (2015)

The effect of WS2 nanoparticles used as lubricant additives in the lubrication of automotive gearboxes has been studied. The results suggest that nanoparticles can be used to increase the life span of the mechanical parts of gears. Chemical analyses and observations made after transmission tests have shown that nanoparticles are able to go inside cracks and may have a sealing effect, preventing spalling and further failure of the material. Moreover, the addition of nanoparticles in fully formulated oil reinforces the antispalling properties of the lubricant.
AIP56, a novel plasmid‐encoded virulence factor of <i>Photobacterium damselae</i> subsp. <i>piscicida</i> with apoptogenic activity against sea bass macrophages and neutrophils (2005)

A strategy used by extracellular pathogens to evade phagocytosis is the utilization of exotoxins that kill host phagocytes. We have recently shown that one major pathogenicity strategy of Photobacterium damselae subsp. piscicida (Phdp), the agent of the widespread fish pasteurellosis, is the induction of extensive apoptosis of sea bass macrophages and neutrophils that results in lysis of these phagocytes by post-apoptotic secondary necrosis. Here we show that this unique process is mediated by a novel plasmid-encoded apoptosis inducing protein of 56 kDa (AIP56), an exotoxin abundantly secreted by all virulent, but not avirulent, Phdp strains tested. AIP56 is related to an unknown protein of the enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli O157:H7 and NleC, a Citrobacter rodentium type III secreted effector of unknown function. Passive immunization of sea bass with a rabbit anti-AIP56 serum conferred protection against Phdp challenge, indicating that AIP56 represents a key virulence factor of that pathogen and is a candidate for the design of an anti-pasteurellosis vaccine.
Scalable manufacturing of biomimetic moldable hydrogels for industrial applications (2016)

Hydrogels are a class of soft material that is exploited in many, often completely disparate, industrial applications, on account of their unique and tunable properties. Advances in soft material design are yielding next-generation moldable hydrogels that address engineering criteria in several industrial settings such as complex viscosity modifiers, hydraulic or injection fluids, and sprayable carriers. Industrial implementation of these viscoelastic materials requires extreme volumes of material, upwards of several hundred million gallons per year. Here, we demonstrate a paradigm for the scalable fabrication of self-assembled moldable hydrogels using rationally engineered, biomimetic polymer-nanoparticle interactions. Cellulose derivatives are linked together by selective adsorption to silica nanoparticles via dynamic and multivalent interactions. We show that the self-assembly process for gel formation is easily scaled in a linear fashion from 0.5 mL to over 15 L without alteration of the mechanical properties of the resultant materials. The facile and scalable preparation of these materials leveraging self-assembly of inexpensive, renewable, and environmentally benign starting materials, coupled with the tunability of their properties, make them amenable to a range of industrial applications. In particular, we demonstrate their utility as injectable materials for pipeline maintenance and product recovery in industrial food manufacturing as well as their use as sprayable carriers for robust application of fire retardants in preventing wildland fires.
Millimeter wave dielectric spectroscopy and breast cancer imaging (2012)

In this paper, millimeter wave free-space quasi-optical spectroscopy technique is applied to determine the transmittance, complex refractive index and complex dielectric permittivity over 30 GHz to 120 GHz range. The imaging procedure is based on using these data for a solvable inverse imaging reconstructing problem. An image reconstruction is achieved to give the high resolution reconstructed images of the sample over a wide frequency range.
Analysis of Seam-Carving-Based Anonymization of Images Against PRNU Noise Pattern-Based Source Attribution (2014)

The availability of sophisticated source attribution techniques raises new concerns about privacy and anonymity of photographers, activists, and human right defenders who need to stay anonymous while spreading their images and videos. Recently, the use of seam-carving, a content-aware resizing method, has been proposed to anonymize the source camera of images against the well-known photoresponse nonuniformity (PRNU)-based source attribution technique. In this paper, we provide an analysis of the seam-carving-based source camera anonymization method by determining the limits of its performance introducing two adversarial models. Our analysis shows that the effectiveness of the deanonymization attacks depend on various factors that include the parameters of the seam-carving method, strength of the PRNU noise pattern of the camera, and an adversary's ability to identify uncarved image blocks in a seam-carved image. Our results show that, for the general case, there should not be many uncarved blocks larger than the size of $50\times 50$ pixels for successful anonymization of the source camera.
New image contrast mechanisms in intermolecular double-quantum coherence human MR imaging (2000)

We have developed a novel magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) method based on the intermolecular double-quantum coherence (DQC) in humans. Combined quantum mechanical and classical formalisms were used to characterize the signal and to aid in the design of a DQC imaging sequence with conventional or echoplanar acquisitions. Imaging contrast was evaluated in volunteers using a 1.5-T clinical scanner. The results demonstrated that the DQC images have contrasts fundamentally different from the conventional images based on single-quantum coherence (SQC). Both our theoretical analysis and experiments suggest that signals from DQCs have a higher signal-to-noise ratio than those from zero-quantum coherence (ZQC) for human brain imaging. The new contrast in DQC imaging may be useful for the detection of varying microstructures, potentially improving the detection of tumors without the need for contrast agents and providing a higher sensitivity and selectivity to magnetic susceptibility distributions in functional MRI brain studies.
Improved Dual Chamber Pacing Mode in Paroxysmal Atrioventricular Conduction Disorders (1990)

Dual chamber pacing may sometimes be directly indicated for carotid sinus hypersensitivity, vasovagal syndrome, and certain cases of sinoatrial block and intermittent atrioventricular (AV) block, although AV conduction is dominantly normal. At times of normal AV conduction, competition between ventricular pacing and spontaneous ventricular depolarization may occur, with its adverse hemodynamic effects on ventricular function and unnecessary drainage of pacemaker battery energy. A new mode of stimulation is described, called automatic DDD mode, which functions in 'pseudo-AAI' mode during normal AV conduction and reverts to classical DDD function during episodes of AV blocks. Furthermore, during pseudo-AAI function, the pacemaker measures certain physiological parameters that serve to automatically program certain parameters used in DDD mode. Preliminary clinical evaluation has shown that this new mode functions satisfactorily.
A parasitic magnetic refrigerator for cooling superconducting magnet (1988)

Experimental results are presented for a practical magnetic refrigerator equipped with a large-field racetrack superconducting magnet, an auxiliary GM (Gifford-McMahon) refrigerator, and a liquid-helium vessel for magnetic refrigeration cooling. In this design the magnetic refrigerator is equipped with 14 pieces of GGG (gadolinium-gallium-garnet) single-crystal material on a rotating disk that operates along the gradient of the magnetic field produced by the racetrack superconducting magnet. The heat generated by the magnetic refrigerator is removed by an auxiliary GM refrigerator through the heat absorber made of a high-thermal-conductivity metal. The cold station of the magnetic refrigerator can be connected to the liquid-helium vessel by a high-thermal-conductivity rod to recondense the gaseous helium in the vessel. Refrigeration power measurements are presented and discussed.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Detection of drug resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis by high-throughput sequencing of DNA isolated from acid fast bacilli smears (2020)

This rapid AFB smear DNA-based method for determining drug resistance may be useful for the diagnosis and surveillance of drug-resistant tuberculosis.
Nanostructured Conducting Polymer Biomaterials and their Applications in Controlled Drug Delivery (2009)

This chapter contains sections titled: Introduction Nanostructured Conducting Polymers Conducting Polymer Nanotubes for Controlled Drug Delivery Conclusions Acknowledgements References
Efficient table access for reversible variable-length decoding (2001)

A new method for reversible variable-length codes (RVLC) decoding is described, which decreases the amount of table space required, particularly for MPEG-4 video RVLC decoding on a DSP chip. Because of the special structure of RVLC codewords, the decoding techniques that are common for regular VLCs are less efficient when used with RVLCs. The new method does not use the codeword itself to access a lookup table, but instead forms a sort of hash index. This reordering can significantly decrease the amount of memory required by reducing gaps or redundancy in the table entries.
SU‐FF‐T‐19: Accelerated Partial Breast Irradiation With Shielded MammoSite‐Type Applicator (2009)

Purpose: We propose a method to improve delivery of APBI and therefore improve patient access to BCT. Method and Materials: BCT in conjunction with accelerated partial breast irradiation (APBI), using for instance the Hologic MammoSite applicator, is becoming popular due to the good dose distribution, and relatively short five day treatment procedure. Brachytherapy‐based APBI procedures typically work by implanting a double lumen balloon catheter in the lumpectomy cavity of breast following surgery. The balloon is inflated with an iodine‐based material mixed with saline. If the skin to balloon distance is less than 7mm, the procedure may not be recommended due to adverse skin reactions leading to poor cosmesis. This problem could be avoided by partially shielding the radiation dose to the skin by introducing a thin layer of high density material (high Z powder) inside the balloon catheter. In this case, the metal powders may be controlled by a relatively weak external magnetic field applied externally to the patient to form an internal shielding layer inside the balloon in the region of concern, thus avoiding radiation damage to the skin. Results: Our preliminary results indicate that if, for example, the skin‐to‐balloon spacing is only 4 mm, when about 2 mm thin layer of iron powders arranged internally under that segment of surface of the MammoSite balloon will decrease the skin dose to an acceptable level. Our laboratory tests show that only a slight magnetic filed is required to bring such a small amount of ferrous powders to controllable configuration. Conclusion: The suggested approach will improve cosmetic outcome for all APBI patients treated, in addition to increasing survival expectancy and minimizing negative side effects.
FeP/MoS<sub>2</sub> Enriched with Dense Catalytic Sites and High Electrical Conductivity for the Hydrogen Evolution Reaction (2019)

Among sulfide-based electrocatalysts for the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER), molybdenum disulfide (MoS2) remains at the forefront. However, the HER performance is undermined by high electrical resistance and, due to inherent stacking of MoS2 layers, low density of accessible functional sites. Herein, an effective synergy between 2D MoS2 ultrathin nanosheets and iron monophosphide (FeP) nanoparticles is demonstrated, which produces electrocatalyst (FeP/MoS2) endowed with substantially higher electrical conductivity as well as number of active sites. The as-prepared FeP/MoS2 exhibits remarkable performance for HER; requires significantly low overpotential (110 mV) as compared to MoS2 (265 mV) and FeP (210 mV) to generate benchmark 10 mA cm–2. Furthermore, the performance of as–prepared electrode is notably higher than that of FeP dispersed on carbon; FeP/C requires 138 mV to produce 10 mA cm–2. Crucial properties of the electrodes—FeP, MoS2, FeP/MoS2, and FeP/carbon—such as surface areas, intrinsic electrical conductivity, surface charge transfer resistance, catalytic active centers, and turnover frequency are investigated, and correlated to the performance. Findings reveal that the density of catalytic sites is predominant among electrode’s performance-dictating features. In addition, the DFT calculations show that the FeP cluster loaded on MoS2 nanosheet can effectively promote the HER kinetics. The study highlights the utilization of thin nanosheets of active sites (e.g., MoS2) as a robust support for the secondary catalytic centers in electrochemical energy conversion applications.
Parathyroid hypertensive factor secretion from subcultured spontaneously hypertensive rat parathyroid cells (1999)

Cells dissociated from spontaneously hypertensive rat (SHR) parathyroid glands were grown in culture. Media harvested from the cell cultures were analyzed for parathyroid hypertensive factor (PHF) using the blood pressure bioassay. Cells raised in DMEM containing normal (1.8 mmol/L) CaCl2 secreted a negligible amount of PHF, while cells cultured in Ham's F-12 medium containing low (0.3 mmol/L) CaCl2 secreted higher amounts of PHF. The PHF secretion in Ham's F-12 medium was highest in early passage cells, and was maintained for approximately 12 to 15 passages. PHF purified from the cell culture medium exhibited chromatographic properties identical to those previously described for PHF isolated from SHR plasma or SHR parathyroid gland organ culture medium. These results support the parathyroid gland as the organ of origin of PHF.
Toward a self-deploying shape memory polymer neuronal electrode (2006)

The widespread application of neuronal probes for chronic recording of brain activity and functional stimulation has been slow to develop partially due to long-term biocompatibility problems with existing metallic and ceramic probes and the tissue damage caused during probe insertion. Stiff probes are easily inserted into soft brain tissue but cause astrocytic scars that become insulating sheaths between electrodes and neurons. In this communication, we explore the feasibility of a new approach to the composition and implantation of chronic electrode arrays. We demonstrate that softer polymer-based probes can be inserted into the olfactory bulb of a mouse and that slow insertion of the probes reduces astrocytic scarring. We further present the development of a micromachined shape memory polymer probe, which provides a vehicle to self-deploy an electrode at suitably slow rates and which can provide sufficient force to penetrate the brain. The deployment rate and composition of shape memory polymer probes can be tailored by polymer chemistry and actuator design. We conclude that it is feasible to fabricate shape memory polymer-based electrodes that would slowly self-implant compliant conductors into the brain, and both decrease initial trauma resulting from implantation and enhance long-term biocompatibility for long-term neuronal measurement and stimulation.
Parallel computing using memristive crossbar networks: Nullifying the processor-memory bottleneck (2014)

We are quickly reaching an impasse to the number of transistors that can be squeezed onto a single chip. This has led to a scramble for new nanotechnologies and the subsequent emergence of new computing architectures capable of exploiting these nano-devices. The memristor is a promising More-than-Moore device because of its unique ability to store and manipulate data on the same device. In this paper, we propose a flexible architecture of memristive crossbar networks for computing Boolean formulas. Our design nullifies the gap between processor and memory in von Neumann architectures by using the crossbar both for the storage of data and for performing Boolean computations. We demonstrate the effectiveness of our approach on practically important computations, including parallel Boolean matrix multiplication.
Multi-threaded reachability (2005)

Partitioned BDD-based algorithms have been proposed in the literature to solve the memory explosion problem in BDD-based verification. Such algorithms can be at times ineffective as they suffer from the problem of scheduling the relative order in which the partitions are processed. In this paper we present a novel multi-threaded reachability algorithm that avoids this scheduling problem while increasing the latent parallelism in partitioned state space traversal. We show that in most cases our method is significantly faster than both the standard reachability algorithm as well as the existing partitioned approaches. The gains are further magnified when our threaded implementation is evaluated in the context of a parallel framework.