gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Aggify: Lifting the Curse of Cursor Loops using Custom Aggregates (2020)

Loops that iterate over SQL query results are quite common, both in application programs that run outside the DBMS, as well as User Defined Functions (UDFs) and stored procedures that run within the DBMS. It can be argued that set-oriented operations are more efficient and should be preferred over iteration; but from real world use cases, it is clear that loops over query results are inevitable in many situations, and are preferred by many users. Such loops, known as cursor loops, come with huge trade-offs and overheads w.r.t. performance, resource consumption and concurrency. We present Aggify, a technique for optimizing loops over query results that overcomes these overheads. It achieves this by automatically generating custom aggregates that are equivalent in semantics to the loop. Thereby, Aggify completely eliminates the loop by rewriting the query to use this generated aggregate. This technique has several advantages such as: (i) pipelining of entire cursor loop operations instead of materialization, (ii) pushing down loop computation from the application layer into the DBMS, closer to the data, (iii) leveraging existing work on optimization of aggregate functions, resulting in efficient query plans. We describe the technique underlying Aggify, and present our experimental evaluation over benchmarks as well as real workloads that demonstrate the significant benefits of this technique.
Accumulated rainfall estimation using maximum attenuation of microwave radio signal (2014)

The use of special-purpose wireless microwave links (MLs) in order to monitor rainfall is well understood. However, the use of existing MLs, which are part of the cellular communication networks backhaul, presents new signal processing challenges. Together with the exciting monitoring opportunities that lie in the large number and ubiquitousness of such MLs, the opportunistic use of the measurements is determined by the protocols used by the cellular providers, whose purpose is reliable communication rather than environmental monitoring. To minimize the bandwidth and storage resources, typical commercial transmission protocols log the Received Signal Level (RSL) measurements of a microwave signal at 15 minute intervals, where only the maximum and the minimum values of the RSL for every 15 minute period are logged. While past studies dealt with this non-linear pre-processing of the RSL measurements in an ad-hoc manner, we present a systematic approach for estimating the accumulated rainfall during moderate-to-heavy storms from the actual RSL measurements, that is - from the sequence of the minimal values of the RSL (which correspond to the maximal attenuation levels) in 15 minute intervals. Using the extreme value theory we find an approximated Maximum Likelihood estimate of the accumulated rainfall. We apply the suggested technique to actual data and we show that it provides more accurate results than the alternatives.
Application of a new fiber Bragg grating based shear force sensor for monitoring civil structural components (2005)

This paper presents the application of a newly developed fiber Bragg grating (FBG) based shear force sensor in structural health monitoring (SHM). The basic technique of shear force measurement using a FBG as the sensing element and its application for measurements of shear force in the structural components is discussed. In the newly developed shear force sensor, the FBG is embedded inside a deformable layer between two layers of carbon composite material (CCM) at a very small angle with the horizontal CCM layer. In the first application, the FBG based shear force sensors are embedded at the interface of a concrete beam and two concrete columns. A vertical force is applied at different positions along the beam length and the resultant contact forces at the two ends are measured. In the second application, a similar sensor is embedded under the supports of a metal beam. The ambient temperature is varied and the resultant thermal shear stress between the beam and the supports due to the different thermal expansion coefficients of the two materials is measured. The results of the two studies show that the newly developed shear force sensor can be a very useful instrument for monitoring shear force in civil structural components.
WE‐C‐201C‐01: Perspective on the Developing Modalities for Breast Cancer Imaging (2010)

Perspective on the Developing Modalities for Breast Cancer Imaging Digital mammography has already become the new standard, replacing screen‐film for breast cancer screening, and for diagnostic work‐up of suspicious findings. New digital imaging technologies may use x‐ray beam characteristics such as tungsten target, silver filtration, and higher kVp; in ways that represent a departure from the long established screen‐film techniques. Representing a logical evolution from two‐dimensional to tomographic and 3D imaging of the breast, breast tomosynthesis and dedicated breast CT are currently investigated as potential replacements or adjuncts to mammography. Mammography (screen‐film or digital) is the single most effective tool for the detection of occult breast cancer with an overall sensitivity as high as about 85% for older women and about 60% or lower for women under the age of 50 years (Rosenberg RD et al. Radiology. 1998;209:511–8, Pisano E et al. N. Engl. J. Med. 2005;353: 1773–83). Attempts to increase sensitivity have included the use of intravenously injected (IV) contrast with digital mammography, tomosynthesis or breast CT but these efforts are in the research stage. With improved hardware and image acquisition techniques, the role of IV contrast injected MRI is gradually expanding as a diagnostic tool, and it is also recommended for screening of high risk patients, due to its high sensitivity. Ultrasound, a well established modality for diagnostic work‐up is evolving from the conventional pulse echo‐based approach to elasticity imaging and ultrasound CT of the breast. Breast scintigraphy with a dedicated camera is now in clinical use and it receives much attention as an adjunct to mammography. Other technologies that include diffuse optical tomography as a stand‐alone modality or in conjunction with MRI or with x‐ray imaging are currently under investigation. We are likely to see an increasing use of alternative imaging approaches in conjunction with mammography, ultrasound and MRI, the three essential modalities for breast cancer detection and for diagnostic work‐up of positive findings. Learning Objectives: 1. Appreciate recent advances in the physics and engineering in x‐ray detector technology that contributed to the development of digital mammography, tomosynthesis and dedicated breast CT. 2. Recognize the potential quantitative applications and important limitations of the x‐ray based breast imaging modalities. 3. Appreciate recent technological developments in current clinical non‐x‐ray modalities such as MRI and ultrasound and their increasingly important role in breast cancer imaging. 4. Gain perspective on some emerging modalities such as optical diffuse tomography and their potential role in the detection and diagnosis of breast cancer.
Methods of removing NO/sub chi/ and SO/sub chi/ emissions from combustion systems using nitrogenous compounds (1989)

This patent describes a process for selectively reducing nitrogen oxides in combustion effluent streams. It comprises the steps of: introducing a reducing agent into a gaseous decomposition zone. The reducing agent having at least one functional group selected from the group comprising -NH and -CN, wherein the decomposition zone is substantially oxygen deficient and is maintained at a temperature in the range of from approximately 300{sup 0}F. to approximately 2400{sup 0}F.; introducing the resulting mixture from the decomposition zone to a reaction zone containing combustion effluents, the reaction zone having an excess of oxygen; and allowing the mixture from the decomposition zone sufficient residence time within the reaction zone to allow the reduction of the NO/sub chi/ within the combustion effluents.
New Methods of Sample Preparation for Atom Probe Specimens (2003)

Magnetite is a common conductive mineral found on Earth and Mars. Disk-shaped precipitates approximately 40 nm in diameter have been shown to have manganese and aluminum concentrations. Atom-probe field-ion microscopy (APFIM) is the only technique that can potentially quantify the composition of these precipitates. APFIM will be used to characterize geological and planetary materials, analyze samples of interest for geomicrobiology; and, for the metrology of nanoscale instrumentation. Prior to APFIM sample preparation was conducted by electropolishing, the method of sharp shards (MSS), or Bosch process (deep reactive ion etching) with focused ion beam (FIB) milling as a final step. However, new methods are required for difficult samples. Many materials are not easily fabricated using electropolishing, MSS, or the Bosch process, FIB milling is slow and expensive, and wet chemistry and the reactive ion etching are typically limited to Si and other semiconductors. APFIM sample preparation using the dicing saw is commonly used to section semiconductor wafers into individual devices following manufacture. The dicing saw is a time-effective method for preparing high aspect ratio posts of poorly conducting materials. Femtosecond laser micromachining is also suitable for preparation of posts. FIB time required is reduced by about a factor of 10 and multi-tip specimens can easily be fabricated using the dicing saw.
Multicast scheduling for input-queued switches (1997)

We design a scheduler for an M/spl times/N input-queued multicast switch. It is assumed that: 1) each input maintains a single queue for arriving multicast cells and 2) only the cell at the head of line (HOL) can be observed and scheduled at one time. The scheduler needs to be: 1) work-conserving (no output port may be idle as long as there is an input cell destined to it) and 2) fair (which means that no input cell may be held at HOL for more than a fixed number of cell times). The aim is to find a work-conserving, fair policy that delivers maximum throughput and minimizes input queue latency, and yet is simple to implement. When a scheduling policy decides which cells to schedule, contention may require that it leave a residue of cells to be scheduled in the next cell time. The selection of where to place the residue uniquely defines the scheduling policy. Subject to a fairness constraint, we argue that a policy which always concentrates the residue on as few inputs as possible generally outperforms all other policies. We find that there is a tradeoff among concentration of residue (for high throughput), strictness of fairness (to prevent starvation), and implementational simplicity (for the design of high-speed switches). By mapping the general multicast switching problem onto a variation of the popular block-packing game Tetris, we are able to analyze various scheduling policies which possess these attributes in different proportions. We present a novel scheduling policy, called TATRA, which performs extremely well and is strict in fairness. We also present a simple weight-based algorithm, called WBA.
Perturbed square ring slot with reconfigurable polarization (2008)

A perturbed slot with reconfigurable polarization is presented that allows operation in LHCP, RHCP, or LP. This antenna topology is well-suited for wireless communications applications requiring polarization diversity. This design is realizable using cost effective printed circuit board technology making it an attractive design for low cost personal communications devices.
Surface-depleted photoconductors (1987)

Photoconductors with channels that lie in the surface depleted region of a GaAs epitaxial structure are described. These devices have microampere photocurrent at saturation conditions under 0.3 mW illumination and exhibit photoconductive gain. The dark current is in the nanoampere range and the noise equivalent power is of the order of 10 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">-12</sup> W/√Hz. In contrast to other photoconductors, their low frequency responsivity is of the same order as that in the GHz region, alleviating problems of equalization necessary in receiver applications. As well, these devices exhibit over 60 dB isolation and sub-nanosecond switching time as optoelectronic switches.
Organopalladium approaches to prostaglandins. 3. Synthesis of bicyclic and tricyclic 7-oxaprostaglandin endoperoxide analogs via oxypalladation of norbornadiene (1984)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTOrganopalladium approaches to prostaglandins. 3. Synthesis of bicyclic and tricyclic 7-oxaprostaglandin endoperoxide analogs via oxypalladation of norbornadieneRichard C. Larock and Douglas R. LeachCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1984, 49, 12, 2144–2148Publication Date (Print):June 1, 1984Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 June 1984https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo00186a013https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00186a013research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views449Altmetric-Citations17LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Low-Field NMR Method for Bitumen Sands Characterization: A New Approach (2001)

Summary The nuclear magnetic résonance (NMR) signal obtained from conventional oil, heavy oil, and bitumen formations can consist of both hydrocarbon and water signals. Each NMR signal can further characterize both mobile and immobile fluids in the porous media. However, as the viscosity of the hydrocarbon phase increases and the NMR signal shifts toward lower relaxation times, the composite NMR signal for the hydrocarbon-bearing formation becomes very complicated. As the viscosity of the bitumen exceeds 100,000 cp (at natural conditions), the relaxation characteristics of bitumen become partially nondetectable by both the logging and laboratory NMR tools. As a result, the conventional methods of NMR detection fail to precisely recognize the hydrocarbon components. Laboratory NMR measurements of bitumen-bearing porous media under different temperatures were performed. This method delivered new information about bitumen reserves in situ. The results show that low-field NMR holds promise for the characterization of recoverable heavy oil and bitumen reserves. This new approach can be applicable for real-time monitoring of thermal extraction, including monitoring the efficiency of thermal recovery methods.
Synthesis and Characterization of Polymer Nanocarriers for the Targeted Delivery of Therapeutic Enzymes (2009)

Protein drugs, such as recombinant enzymes useful for detoxification and replacement therapies, have extraordinary specificity and potency. However, inherently inadequate delivery to target sites and rapid inactivation limit their medical utility. Using chaperone polymeric particles designed within an injectible size range (sub-micron) may help solve these shortcomings. Such nanocarriers would (i) prevent premature inactivation of encapsulated therapeutic protein cargoes, (ii) provide a carrier that can be surface decorated by targeting ligands, and (iii) optimize sub-cellular localization of the drug. This chapter describes the techniques successfully employed for the preparation of polymer nanocarriers (PNC) loaded with the antioxidant enzyme, catalase, and targeted to endothelial cells. Methods of PNC synthesis, loading with catalase, characterization, coupling of a targeting moiety, and in vitro testing of the enzymatic and targeting activities are provided here. Advantages and disadvantages of specific designs are discussed. Due to the modular nature of the targeting methodology employed, it is believed that these protocols will provide a solid foundation for the formulation of a wide variety of enzymatic drug targeting strategies.
Gradient index circuit by waveguided metamaterials (2009)

Metamaterials are artificially structured materials that provide considerable flexibility for control of electromagnetic waves. The metamaterial concept can also be applied to the design of planar waveguiding structures. Here, we illustrate this design approach with the development of two-dimensional (2D) planar gradient index (GRIN) circuits. To form the structure, we make use of a 2D complementary split ring resonator, which exhibits an electric response to guided transverse-electric waves. To confirm the properties of the planar GRIN structure predicted from numerical simulations, we present experimental results for a beam-steering and a focusing GRIN circuit. These examples illustrate the versatility of the metamaterial approach in the design of complex waveguiding structures.
PanORAMa: Oblivious RAM with Logarithmic Overhead (2018)

We present PanORAMa, the first Oblivious RAM construction that achieves communication overhead O(log N log log N) for database of N blocks and for any block size B = Ω(log N) while requiring client memory of only a constant number of memory blocks. Our scheme can be instantiated in the "balls and bins" model in which Goldreich and Ostrovsky [JACM 96] showed an Ω(log N) lower bound for ORAM communication. Our construction follows the hierarchical approach to ORAM design and relies on two main building blocks of independent interest: a new oblivious hash table construction with improved amortized O(log N + poly(log log λ)) communication overhead for security parameter λ and N = poly(λ), assuming its input is randomly shuffled; and a complementary new oblivious random multi-array shuffle construction, which shuffles N blocks of data with communication O(N log log λ + N log N/log λ) when the input has a certain level of entropy. We combine these two primitives to improve the shuffle time in our hierarchical ORAM construction by avoiding heavy oblivious shuffles and leveraging entropy remaining in the merged levels from previous shuffles. As a result, the amortized shuffle cost is asymptotically the same as the lookup complexity in our construction.
Elevation beam profile control with bias polarity patterns applied to microfabricated ultrasound transducers (2004)

In contrast to PZT probes, capacitive microfabricated ultrasonic transducers (cMUTs) require a DC bias. We investigate elevation beam profile shaping by spatially varying this bias polarity. Such a scheme introduces a 180/spl deg/ phase shift in the device's impulse response. A Fresnel zone plate is realized which is capable of generating tight elevation foci using a large aperture. This paper presents measurements from a prototype Fresnel cMUT probe, and matching simulation results. The Fresnel probe is capable of improved slice thickness compared with both a conventionally lensed probe and a multi-row design. Also, combinations of bias polarity control and multiple firings can enable harmonic imaging without pre-distortion of the transmit signal. Multiple firing schemes further optimize slice thickness, and allow beam steering in elevation.
'Notable virus Infectim around Japan' Rift Valley fever virus (2004)

Rift Valley fever virus (RVFV) causes massive mosquito-borne epidemics among humans and decimates ruminants in which the mortality rate is about 1% and 10-30%, respectively. Morbidity in RVFV-infected humans is high largely due to the effects of hemorrhagic fever and encephalitis. This virus is native to sub-Saharan Africa; yet if this virus is introduced into the environment, virus transmission appears to occur whenever sheep and cattle are present with abundant mosquito populations. RVFV is a negative-strand RNA virus which belongs to the family Bunyaviridae, genus Phlebovirus, and contains tripartite-segmented genomes (S, M, and L). S-segment is the ambisense genome, where N and NSs genes are coded in an antiviral-sense and viral sense S-segment, respectively. The inhibition of host mRNA synthesis, which is induced by the binding of NSs protein to RNA polymerase II transcription factor TFIIH, is the primary reason for the host-protein shut-off in RVFV-infected cells. Development of a RVFV reverse genetics system, which has not been accomplished yet, is important for the study of viral replication mechanisms, host virus interaction, viral pathogenicity as well as vaccine evaluation and development.
Conjugative mapping of pyruvate, 2-ketoglutarate, and branched-chain keto acid dehydrogenase genes in Pseudomonas putida mutants (1985)

Branched-chain keto acid dehydrogenase, an enzyme in the common pathway of branched-chain amino acid catabolism of Pseudomonas putida, is a multienzyme complex which catalyzes the oxidative decarboxylation of branched-chain keto acids. The objective of the present study was to isolate strains with mutations of this and other keto acid dehydrogenases and to map the location of the mutations on the chromosome of P. putida. Several strains with mutations of branched-chain keto acid dehydrogenase, two pyruvate and two 2-ketoglutarate dehydrogenase, were isolated, and the defective subunits were identified by biochemical analysis. By using a recombinant XYL-K plasmid to mediate conjugation, these mutations were mapped in relation to a series of auxotrophic and other catabolic mutations. The last time of entry recorded was at approximately 35 min, and the data were consistent with a single point of entry. Branched-chain keto acid dehydrogenase mutations affecting E1, E1 plus E2, and E3 subunits mapped at approximately 35 min. One other strain affected in the common pathway was deficient in branched-chain amino acid transaminase, and the mutation was mapped at 16 min. The mutations in the two pyruvate dehydrogenase mutants, one deficient in E1 and the other deficient in E1 plus E2, mapped at 22 minutes. The 2-ketoglutarate dehydrogenase mutation affecting the E1 subunit mapped at 12 minutes. A 2-ketoglutarate dehydrogenase mutant deficient in E3 was isolated, but the mutation proved too leaky to map.
Using carrier-depletion silicon modulators for optical power monitoring (2012)

Defect-mediated subbandgap absorption is observed in ion-implanted silicon-on-oxide waveguides that experience a rapid thermal annealing at 1075°C. With this effect, general carrier-depletion silicon modulators exhibit the capability of optical power monitoring. Responsivity is measured to be 22 mA/W for a 3 mm long Mach-Zehnder modulator of 2×10(18) cm(-3) doping concentration at -7.1 V bias voltage and 5.9 mA/W for a ring modulator of 1×10(18) cm(-3) doping concentration at -10 V bias voltage. The former is used to demonstrate data detection of up to 35 Gbits/s.