gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
<title>Multiphoton fluorescence excitation: new spectral windows for biological imaging</title> (1996)

Nonlinear excitation of fluorophores through molecular absorption of two or three near infrared photons from the tightly focused femtosecond pulses of a mode-locked laser offers the cellular biologist an unprecedented panoply of biomolecular indicators for microscopic imaging and cellular analysis. Measurements of the two-photon excitation spectra of more than twenty ultra-violet and visible absorbing fluorophores from 690 to 1050 nm reveal useful cross sections for near infrared excitation, providing an artist's palette of emission markers and chemical indicators for living biological preparations. Measurements of three-photon fluorophore excitation spectra now define alternative windows of relatively benign wavelength to excite deeper UV fluorophores. The three-photon excitation spectrum of the amino acid tryptophan, measured 700-900 nm, delivers native fluorescence for imaging and assay of proteins and neurotransmitter sin living tissues. The inherent optical sectioning capabilities of focused nonlinear excitation provides 3D resolution for imaging and avoids out of focus background. Here, we describe the characteristics of the measured nonlinear excitation spectra and define the resulting features of nonlinear microscopy for biological imaging.
Laboratory Testing of Self-Healing Fibers in Asphalt Mixtures Prepared with Recycled Materials (2019)

Self-healing products such as hollow fibers filled with a recycling agent present an emerging technology that would enhance an asphalt mixture’s resistance to cracking damage in the long term. The objective of this study was to evaluate the healing efficiency of sodium-alginate fibers containing a recycling agent using asphalt concrete beam specimens. A self-healing experiment was designed and conducted to monitor strength recovery in the damaged specimens using a 3-point bending test during a 6-day healing period under two different environmental curing conditions. In addition, the effects of adding the hollow fibers on the mechanical properties of asphalt mixtures were evaluated by conducting a series of laboratory tests to evaluate the performance against common distress such as permanent deformation, intermediate cracking, and low-temperature cracking. Results of the self-healing experiment test results showed that the addition of sodium-alginate fibers improved the strength recovery of mixtures prepared with unmodified binder. The increase in temperature from 25°C to 50°C during the healing period also resulted in higher strength recovery percentages in all the evaluated mixtures. Furthermore, semi-circular bending test results showed that the addition of fibers enhanced the mechanical properties against fracture at intermediate temperature of mixtures containing recycled asphalt materials.
Fast response quantum well photodetectors (1986)

Fast, real time quantum well infrared photodetector concepts are developed. Device parameters are discussed for applications as a high data rate receiver for use with long wavelength, nonsilica infrared optics and fibers. The device relies on photoemission of charge stored in a quantum well and replacement of depleted charge by tunneling from a doped layer.
Supplementary Tables 1-11 from Fecal Bacteria Act as Novel Biomarkers for Noninvasive Diagnosis of Colorectal Cancer (2023)

<p>Supplementary Table S1. Clinical characteristics of healthy subjects and colorectal cancer patients; Supplementary Table S2. Bacterial marker candidates identified by metagenome sequencing; Supplementary Table S3. Primers and probes used in this study; Supplementary Table S4. Abundances of m1704941 (gene maker level, 99.13% identity) and F. nucleatum (species level) in fecal samples of CRC patients by metagenome sequencing; Supplementary Table S5. Abundances of bacterial candidates in fecal samples of CRC patients and healthy control subjects; Supplementary Table S6. Bivariate correlation analysis showing the correlation between bacterial candidates and CRC patients; Supplementary Table S7. The occurrence rates of bacterial candidates in fecal samples of CRC patients and healthy control subjects; Supplementary Table S8. Pairwise comparison of ROC curves; Supplementary Table S9. Correlations of bacterial abundance, FIT with CRC diagnosis and staging; Supplementary Table S11. Combining bacterial markers and FIT in diagnosing CRC.</p>
Scan welding: Thermomechanical model and experimental validation (1996)

This article presents a comparative thermomechanical analysis of classical versus the new scan welding methods, that have been recently developed to achieve simultaneous control of multiple weld quality features. Unlike conventional welding with a concentrated heat source in sequential motion, the scan welding torch reciprocates rapidly on dynamic trajectories, and its power is modulated in-process, to provide a regulated heat input distribution on the entire weld surface. The new process was modeled by a real-time analytical, lumped model, consisting of a composite heat source description, double-cell circulation in the weld puddle, dynamic solid conduction and estimation of the mechanical strength of the joint. The process is computationally and experimentally shown to generate a smooth and uniform temperature field, and to deposit the full length of the weld bead simultaneously at a controlled solidification rate. The observed interlacing of grains on the bead interface and the regulated material microstructure yield improved tensile joint strength. The model can be used for design of a closed-loop thermal controller, using temperature feedback from an infrared pyrometer and model-referenced parameter identification.
Reuseable Monolithic Nanoporous Graphite-Supported Nanocatalysts (Fe, Au, Pt, Pd, Ni, and Rh) from Pyrolysis and Galvanic Transmetalation of Ferrocene-Based Polyamide Aerogels (2016)

Polyamide aerogels with ferrocene as a monomer repeat unit were prepared in one step from ferrocene dicarboxylic acid and tris(4-isocyanatophenyl)methane. Pyrolysis at ≥800 °C yielded nanoporous carbons doped throughout with crystallites of α-Fe (about 50 nm in diameter), which in turn were shrouded in graphitic ribbons (<30 graphene layers thick). Transmetalation was carried out with aqueous solutions of Au, Pt, Pd, Rh, and Ni salts, via a path akin to galvanic corrosion, whereas graphitic ribbons separated anodes (α-Fe particles) from cathodes (defects along the ribbons). The new metallic phases formed clusters of smaller crystallites (10–20 nm in diameter) on the graphitic ribbons, leaving behind empty cage-like formations previously occupied by the Fe(0) nanoparticles. All metal-doped carbons were monolithic and over 85% porous. Catalytic activity was demonstrated with the oxidation of benzyl alcohol to benzaldehyde catalyzed with carbon-supported Au or Pt, the reduction of nitrobenzene by hydrazine to aniline catalyzed with carbon-supported Fe, and two Heck coupling reactions of iodobenzene with styrene or butyl acrylate, catalyzed with carbon-supported Pd. The distinguishing feature of those catalysts was that they could be just picked up, for example, with a pair of tweezers, and redeployed in a new reaction mixture immediately, thus bypassing less efficient recovery processes like filtration.
Development of an Inactivated H7N9 Subtype Avian Influenza Serological DIVA Vaccine Using the Chimeric HA Epitope Approach (2021)

H7N9 avian influenza virus (AIV) is an emerging zoonotic pathogen, and it is necessary to develop a <u>d</u>ifferentiating <u>i</u>nfected from <u>v</u>accinated <u>a</u>nimals (DIVA) vaccine for the purpose of eradication. H7N9 subtype AIV hemagglutinin subunit 2 glycoprotein (HA2) peptide chips and antisera of different AIV subtypes were used to screen H7N9 AIV-specific epitopes. A selected specific epitope in the HA2 protein of H7N9 AIV strain A/Chicken/Huadong/JD/17 (JD/17) was replaced with an epitope from an H3N2 subtype AIV strain by reverse genetics. The protection and serological DIVA characteristics of the recombinant H7N9 AIV strain were evaluated. The results showed that a specific epitope on the HA2 protein of H7N9 AIV, named the H7-12 peptide, was successfully screened. The recombinant H7N9 AIV with a modified epitope in the HA2 protein was rescued and named A/Chicken/Huadong/JD-cHA/17 (JD-cHA/17). The HA titer of JD-cHA/17 was 10 log<sub>2</sub>, and the 50% egg infective dose (EID<sub>50</sub>) titer was 9.67 log<sub>10</sub> EID<sub>50</sub>/ml. Inactivated JD-cHA/17 induced a hemagglutination inhibition (HI) antibody titer similar that of the parent strain and provided 100% protection against high-pathogenicity or low-pathogenicity H7N9 AIV challenge. A peptide chip coated with H7-12 peptide was successfully applied to detect the seroconversion of chickens infected or vaccinated with JD/17, while there was no reactivity with antisera of chickens vaccinated with JD-cHA/17. Therefore, the marked vaccine candidate JD-cHA/17 can be used as a DIVA vaccine against H7N9 avian influenza when combined with an H7-12 peptide chip, making it a useful tool for stamping out the H7N9 AIV. <b>IMPORTANCE</b> DIVA vaccine is a useful tool for eradicating avian influenza, especially for highly pathogenic avian influenza. Several different DIVA strategies have been proposed for avian influenza inactivated whole-virus vaccine, involving the neuraminidase (NA), nonstructural protein 1 (NS1), matrix protein 2 ectodomain (M2e), or HA2 gene. However, virus reassortment, residual protein in a vaccine component, or reduced vaccine protection may limit the application of these DIVA strategies. Here, we constructed a novel chimeric H7N9 AIV, JD-cHA/17, that expressed the entire HA protein with substitution of an H3 AIV epitope in HA2. The chimeric H7N9 recombinant vaccine provides full clinical protection against high-pathogenicity or low-pathogenicity H7N9 AIV challenge. Combined with a short-peptide-based microarray chip containing the H7N9 AIV epitope in HA2, our finding is expected to be useful as a marker vaccine designed for avian influenza.
In-situ vectorial calibration of magnetic observatory (2017)

Abstract. The goal of magnetic observatories is to measure and provide vector magnetic field in a geodetic coordinate system. For that purpose, instrument setup and calibration are crucial. In particular, scale factor and orientation of vector magnetometer may affect the magnetic field measurement. We remember here the concept of baseline and demonstrate that they are primordial for data quality control. We show how they can highlight a possible calibration error. We also provide a calibration method based on high frequency absolute measurement. This method determines a transformation matrix for correcting variometer data suffering from scale factor and orientation errors. We finally present a practical case whose recovered data have been successfully compared to those coming from a reference magnetometer.
On the Computation of Linear Model Predictive Control Laws (2009)

Finite-time optimal control problems with quadratic performance index for linear systems with linear constraints can be transformed into Quadratic Programs (QPs). Model Predictive Control requires the online solution of such QPs. This can be obtained by using a QP solver or evaluating the associated explicit solution. Objective of this note is to present alternative algorithms which trade off memory versus computational time differently than explicit solutions and active sets QP solvers.
Creep-Resistant, Al <sub>2</sub> O <sub>3</sub> -Forming Austenitic Stainless Steels (2007)

A family of inexpensive, Al2O3-forming, high-creep strength austenitic stainless steels has been developed. The alloys are based on Fe-20Ni-14Cr-2.5Al weight percent, with strengthening achieved through nanodispersions of NbC. These alloys offer the potential to substantially increase the operating temperatures of structural components and can be used under the aggressive oxidizing conditions encountered in energy-conversion systems. Protective Al2O3 scale formation was achieved with smaller amounts of aluminum in austenitic alloys than previously used, provided that the titanium and vanadium alloying additions frequently used for strengthening were eliminated. The smaller amounts of aluminum permitted stabilization of the austenitic matrix structure and made it possible to obtain excellent creep resistance. Creep-rupture lifetime exceeding 2000 hours at 750 degrees C and 100 megapascals in air, and resistance to oxidation in air with 10% water vapor at 650 degrees and 800 degrees C, were demonstrated.
Conversion of Furfural to 1,5-Pentanediol: Process Synthesis and Analysis (2017)

A new process for the production of 1,5-pentanediol (1,5-PDO) from biomass-derived furfural is studied. In this process, furfural is converted to 1,5-PDO in a high overall yield (80%) over inexpensive catalysts via multiple steps involving hydrogenation, dehydration, hydration, and hydrogenation subsequently. To effectively recycle H2 as well as recover 1,5-PDO, detailed separation subsystems have been designed and integrated with reaction subsystems. Furthermore, a pioneer plant analysis is performed to estimate the risk on the cost growth and plant performance shortfalls. The integrated process leads to a minimum selling price of $1973 ton–1 for 1,5-PDO, which suggests that it could be a promising approach for converting biomass into oxygenated commodity chemicals, which are difficult to produce from petroleum-derived feedstocks. The sensitivity analysis also identifies that the most important economic parameters for the process include the furfural feedstock price and plant size.
Interplay between Charge Injection, Electron Transport, and Quantum Efficiency in Ambipolar Trilayer Organic Light‐Emitting Transistors (2022)

Abstract The fascinating characteristic of organic light‐emitting transistors (OLETs) of being electrical switches with an intrinsic light‐emitting capability makes them attractive candidates for a wide variety of applications, ranging from sensors to displays. To date, the OLET ambipolar trilayer heterostructure is the most developed architecture for maximizing device performance. However, a major challenge of trilayer OLETs remains the inverse correlation between external quantum efficiency and brightness under ambipolar conditions. The complex interconnection between electroluminescent and ambipolar charge transport properties, in conjunction with the limited availability of electron transport semiconducting materials, has indeed hampered the disruptive evolution of the OLET technology. Here, an in‐depth study of the interplay of the key fundamental features that determine the device performance is reported by exploring electron transport semiconductors with different properties in ambipolar trilayer OLETs. Through the selection of compounds with tailored chemical structures, the relation between intrinsic optoelectronic characteristics of the electron transport semiconductor, energy level alignment within the structure, and morphological features is unraveled. Furthermore, the introduction of a suitable electron injector at the emissive/semiconducting layers interface sheds light into the bidimensional nature of OLETs that is a distinguishing factor of this class of devices with respect to prototypical organic light‐emitting diodes.
Spectral Distortions in Metal-Enhanced Fluorescence: Experimental Evidence for Ultra-Fast and Slow Transitions (2020)

Metal-enhanced fluorescence (MEF) has become an increasingly important technology in recent years, with thorough research addressing the fundamentals of MEF. In many studies, spectral distortion is observed in the enhanced spectra as compared to free-space fluorescence emission profiles. Despite this observation, very little experimentation has <i>hitherto</i> been undertaken to investigate the mechanistic underpinnings of spectral distortion in MEF. Herein we investigate MEF spectral distortion using Rose Bengal and Fluorescein on silver nanoparticle substrates, subsequently isolating the <i>coupled</i> fluorescence spectrum for a deeper understanding of the spectral modifications. Clear experimental evidence for bathochromic distortion is reported. Remarkably, we also report hypsochromic distortion in one of the first experimental observations of plasmonic coupling to high-energy excited states. Additionally, the coupled fluorescence spectra from other published literature has also been both extracted and examined, and the subsequent spectral distortion reported here. The previously asserted theory of radiative decay rate modification for spectral distortion is discussed in the context of <i>both</i> plasmonic properties <i>as well as</i> fluorophore photophysical characteristics including lifetime and quantum yield. The dual enhancement mechanism of MEF is also explored in the context of spectral distortion. The results and discussion reported herein subsequently provide one of the first comprehensive examinations of spectral distortion in MEF to date.
18.7 A 0.7V, 2.35% 3σ-Accuracy Bandgap Reference in 12nm CMOS (2019)

Bandgap reference (BGR) circuits are widely used due to their stable output voltage over process, supply voltage and temperature variations. Reference voltage stability is critical for data-acquisition applications and lower supply voltages can reduce the power of mixed-signal systems. However BGR for analog circuits is one of the bottlenecks for sub-1V supply operation because BGR supply voltage is limited by V <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">EB</inf> +V <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">DS</inf> [1]. V <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">EB</inf> refers to the emitter-base voltage of a pnp transistor which is limited to ~0.6 to 0.7V due to silicon junction cut-in voltage, while V <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">DS</inf> is the drain-source saturation voltage of a current-mirror. The BGR temperature dependence is decided by the weighted sum of proportional-to-absolute-temperature(PTAT) and complementary-to-absolute-temperature (CTAT) terms. An alternative PTAT generator can be implemented by dV <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">GS</inf> (gate-to-source voltage difference) of a MOS pair in subthreshold [2]. The CTAT generator can be implemented by special devices or using the gate-source voltage V <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">GS</inf> of subthreshold MOSFETs. Although the V <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">GS</inf> of a subthreshold MOSFET is smaller than emitter-base voltage of a pnp transistor, the MOSFET model inaccuracy in the subthreshold region and high process-dependent characteristic of MOSFET gate-source voltage induces high variation for voltage reference circuits.
3,4-Dimethoxyphenyl Bis-benzimidazole Derivative, Mitigates Radiation-Induced DNA Damage (2013)

Radiation-induced DNA damage initiates a series of overlapping responses that include DNA damage recognition and repair, induction of cell cycle checkpoints, senescence and/or apoptosis. This study assessed the DNA damage response and whole genome expression profile in two mammalian cell lines (HEK and U87) in response to (5-{4-methylpiperazin-1-yl}-2-[2'-(3,4-dimethoxyphenyl)-5'-benzimidazolyl] benzimidazole) DMA and ionizing radiation. DMA has been shown to act as a potent radiation protector, yielding significant levels of protection, i.e., 20.9% in HEK cells and 21.2% in U87 cells. Our findings revealed treatment with DMA significantly reduced γ-H2AX, 53BP1 and Rad51 foci formation after irradiation. MAP kinase, WNT signaling and p53 pathways were found to be activated in DMA-treated cells. In addition, the DNA damage response genes, HSP70, HSPD1, PRDX1, PRX, CALR, NPM, UBC, and SET showed differential regulation in DMA, DMA + radiation and radiation-treated cells. The data suggest that DMA-influenced repertoire of repair proteins, which are an indispensable part of the cell, interplay with each other to reduce DNA damage and maintain the genomic integrity of the cell.
Treating Brain Tumor with Microbeam Radiation Generated by a Compact Carbon-Nanotube-Based Irradiator: Initial Radiation Efficacy Study (2015)

Microbeam radiation treatment (MRT) using synchrotron radiation has shown great promise in the treatment of brain tumors, with a demonstrated ability to eradicate the tumor while sparing normal tissue in small animal models. With the goal of expediting the advancement of MRT research beyond the limited number of synchrotron facilities in the world, we recently developed a compact laboratory-scale microbeam irradiator using carbon nanotube (CNT) field emission-based X-ray source array technology. The focus of this study is to evaluate the effects of the microbeam radiation generated by this compact irradiator in terms of tumor control and normal tissue damage in a mouse brain tumor model. Mice with U87MG human glioblastoma were treated with sham irradiation, low-dose MRT, high-dose MRT or 10 Gy broad-beam radiation treatment (BRT). The microbeams were 280 μm wide and spaced at 900 μm center-to-center with peak dose at either 48 Gy (low-dose MRT) or 72 Gy (high-dose MRT). Survival studies showed that the mice treated with both MRT protocols had a significantly extended life span compared to the untreated control group (31.4 and 48.5% of life extension for low- and high-dose MRT, respectively) and had similar survival to the BRT group. Immunostaining on MRT mice demonstrated much higher DNA damage and apoptosis level in tumor tissue compared to the normal brain tissue. Apoptosis in normal tissue was significantly lower in the low-dose MRT group compared to that in the BRT group at 48 h postirradiation. Interestingly, there was a significantly higher level of cell proliferation in the MRT-treated normal tissue compared to that in the BRT-treated mice, indicating rapid normal tissue repairing process after MRT. Microbeam radiation exposure on normal brain tissue causes little apoptosis and no macrophage infiltration at 30 days after exposure. This study is the first biological assessment on MRT effects using the compact CNT-based irradiator. It provides an alternative technology that can enable widespread MRT research on mechanistic studies using a preclinical model, as well as further translational research towards clinical applications.
Clonal Propagation of <i>Gmelina arborea</i> Roxb. by <i>In Vitro</i> Culture (1999)

In vitro propagation technique ofGmelina arborea multipurpose and a fast growing tree species was studied. Nodal segment including axillary bud was used as a explant. They were cultured on MS media containing various concentrations (0–10 mg/l) of BAP alone or in combination with 0.002 mg/l of IBA. Nodal segments showed axillary bud proliferation in almost all media tested. MS media containing 0.22 mg/l of BAP alone and 2 mg/l of BAP in combination with 0.002 mg/l of IBA were effective for inducing multiple shoots and shoot elongation. MS medium supplemented with 0.02 mg/l of NAA and 1 mg/l of IBA gave the best result for rooting. The regenerated plantlets were potted and acclimatized successfully in a growth chamber and then moved to the green house. Adventitious shoots production from stem explants that were taken from regenerated plantletin vitro was also discussed. Stem segments were tested for their morphogenetic potential on MS media with various combinations and concentrations of BAP, zeatin and TDZ. Successfull result was obtained on MS media supplemented with 2 mg/l of BAP and 1 mg/l of zeatin or supplemented with 0.5 mg/l of BAP and 0.5 mg/l of TDZ. The shoots obtained on MS media containing 2 mg/l of BAP and 1 mg/l of zeatin rooted on MS media containing 0.02 mg/l of NAA and 1 mg/l of IBA, and plantlets were successfully obtained.