gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
MuVi (2012)

Although wireless broadband technologies have evolved significantly over the past decade, they are still insufficient to support the fast-growing mobile traffic, especially due to the increasing popularity of mobile video applications. Wireless multicast, aiming to exploit the wireless broadcast advantage, is a viable approach to bridge the gap between the limited wireless networking capacity and the ever-increasing mobile video traffic demand. In this work, we propose MuVi, a Multicast Video delivery scheme in OFDMA-based 4G wireless networks, to optimize multicast video traffic. MuVi differentiates video frames based on their importance in reconstructing the video and incorporates an efficient radio resource allocation algorithm to optimize the overall video quality across all users in the multicast group. MuVi is a lightweight solution with most of the implementation in the gateway, slight modification in the base-station, and no modification at the clients. We implement MuVi on a WiMAX testbed and compare its performance to a Naive wireless multicast scheme that employs the most robust MCS (Modulation and Coding Scheme), and an Adaptive scheme that employs the highest MCS supportable by all clients. Experimental results show that MuVi improves the average video PSNR (Peak Signal-to-Noise Ratio) by up to 13 and 7 dB compared to the Naive and the Adaptive schemes, respectively. MuVi does not require modification to the video encoding scheme or the air interface. Thus it allows speedy deployment in existing systems.
<title>Numerical simulation of a new generation of high-temperature micropower gas and odor sensors based on SOI technology</title> (1999)

Gas sensors fabricated using conventional silicon microtechnology can suffer from a number of significant disadvantages when compared with commercially available thick-film, screen-printed devices. For example, platinum gate MOSFET devices normally operate only at a temperature of up to 180 degree(s)C and this limits the catalyst activity, and hence their sensitivity and response time. In addition, the fabrication of an integrated, resistive heater poses interesting problems; thus whilst polysilicon heaters are CMOS compatible, they tend to suffer from non-linearity, poor reproducibility and stability; whereas platinum resistive heaters are incompatible with a CMOS process and thus difficult and expensive to manufacture. Here we propose the use of SOI technology leading to a new generation of high-temperature, silicon smart gas sensors (patent pending). Numerical simulations of an n-channel MOSFET structure on a thin SOI membrane have been performed in non- isothermal conditions using a MEDICI simulator. Our results demonstrate that SOI-based devices can operate at temperatures of up to 350 degree(s)C without causing a problem for neighboring CMOS I.C. circuitry. The power consumption of our SOI-based designs may be as low as ca. 10 mW at 300 degree(s)C and so compares favorably with previously reported values for non-SOI based silicon micromachined gas sensors. In conclusion, SOI technology may be used to fabricate novel high-temperature, micropower resistive and catalytic-gate MOSFET gas/odor sensors. These devices can be fabricated in a standard SOI CMOS process at low unit cost and should offer an excellent degree of reproducibility. Applications envisaged are in air quality sensors for the automotive industry and odor sensors for electronic noses.
A Universal Length-Dependent Vibrational Mode in Graphene Nanoribbons (2019)

Graphene nanoribbons (GNRs) have attracted considerable interest, as their atomically tunable structure makes them promising candidates for future electronic devices. However, obtaining detailed information about the length of GNRs has been challenging and typically relies on low-temperature scanning tunneling microscopy. Such methods are ill-suited for practical device application and characterization. In contrast, Raman spectroscopy is a sensitive method for the characterization of GNRs, in particular for investigating their width and structure. Here, we report on a length-dependent, Raman-active low-energy vibrational mode that is present in atomically precise, bottom-up-synthesized armchair graphene nanoribbons (AGNRs). Our Raman study demonstrates that this mode is present in all families of AGNRs and provides information on their length. Our spectroscopic findings are corroborated by scanning tunneling microscopy images and supported by first-principles calculations that allow us to attribute this mode to a longitudinal acoustic phonon. Finally, we show that this mode is a sensitive probe for the overall structural integrity of the ribbons and their interaction with technologically relevant substrates.
Opaque service virtualisation (2016)

Large enterprise software systems make many complex interactions with other services in their environment. Developing and testing for production-like conditions is therefore a very challenging task. Current approaches include emulation of dependent services using either explicit modelling or record-and-replay approaches. Models require deep knowledge of the target services while record-and-replay is limited in accuracy. Both face developmental and scaling issues. We present a new technique that improves the accuracy of record-and-replay approaches, without requiring prior knowledge of the service protocols. The approach uses Multiple Sequence Alignment to derive message prototypes from recorded system interactions and a scheme to match incoming request messages against prototypes to generate response messages. We use a modified Needleman-Wunsch algorithm for distance calculation during message matching. Our approach has shown greater than 99% accuracy for four evaluated enterprise system messaging protocols. The approach has been successfully integrated into the CA Service Virtualization commercial product to complement its existing techniques.
Development of New 15Cr Stainless Steel OCTG with Superior Corrosion Resistance (2005)

Abstract New stainless steel OCTG (New 15Cr steel pipe: 0.03C-15Cr-6Ni-2Mo-1Cu) with high strength and superior corrosion resistance has been developed and its capability in oil and gas production environment is shown. The yield strength of the new 15Cr steel pipe was higher than 861 MPa (125 ksi), and good Charpy toughness was obtained in extremely low temperature condition. This material showed remarkably high strength even at high temperature of 200 degree C. The CO2 corrosion resistance was significantly improved so that the critical temperature for the developed pipe was more than 200 degree C at 15 MPa CO2 partial pressure. The superior corrosion resistance for revised the new 15Cr steel pipe was obtained by the higher amount of effective Cr in solution. In addition to this, the new 15Cr steel pipe showed good SSC resistance even in its high yield strength in the mildly sour environment. The good SSC resistance for this developed pipe was obtained by the good pitting resistance, induced from high Cr and Mo addition.
A comprehensive model for crossbar memory arrays (2012)

A crossbar array model with complete solutions for arbitrary memory and selector device behaviors (e.g., nonlinear, rectifying, etc.) is presented in this paper to analyze various array designs and device options. Voltage/current decay due to line resistance limits practical size of linear crossbar arrays below 10kbit. Less than 2% current reaches the end of a line in a small 1kbit array. Nonlinearity in memory characteristics and select diodes improve sensing margin from below 5% to above 30% in a 1kbit array. The voltage window between selected and unselected devices is increased from <5%V <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">dd</inf> to >20%V <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">dd</inf> by nonlinearity and >40%V <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">dd</inf> by select diodes. This model provides quantitative evaluation for crossbar array designs and enables statistical analysis of array characteristics.
Nucleotide sequences of alcohol acetyltransferase genes from lager brewing yeast, Saccharomyces carlsbergensis (1996)

The nucleotide sequences of alcohol acetyltransferase genes isolated from lager brewing yeast, Saccharomyces carlsbergensis have been determined. S. carlsbergensis has one ATF1 gene and another homologous gene, the Lg-ATF1 gene. There was a high degree of homology between the amino acid sequences deduced for the ATF1 protein and the Lg-ATF1 protein (75.7%), but the N-terminal region has a relatively low degree of homology. Southern analysis and contour-clamped homogeneous electric field analysis of Saccharomyces strains suggest that the ATF1 gene is located on chromosome XV in S. cerevisiae and that the Lg-ATF1 gene might originate from the "non-S. cerevisiae' genome of S. carlsbergensis, which is similar to that of S. bayanus and S. pastorianus.
Comparison of UCA-OAM and UCA-MIMO systems for sub-THz band line-of-sight spatial multiplexing transmission (2021)

This paper compares the uniform circular array based orbital angular momentum (UCA-OAM) scheme, which enables spatial multiplexing transmission of data symbols via multiple OAM modes, with the UCA-MIMO scheme through numerical analysis and simulation in terms of spectral efficiency and feedback over-head. Specifically, based on the relations between the eigenmodes of the UCA-SVD-MIMO system and the modes of UCA-OAM system as well as the capacity formula, the channel capacities of the two systems are compared for the cases where equal power allocation and waterfilling power allocation are employed, and then the effectiveness of the analytical results are verified through simulation.
Coding-assisted MIMO joint detection and decoding in turbo-coded OFDM (2003)

A new coding-assisted MIMO (CA-MIMO) receive algorithm is proposed that can approach the performance of an optimal MIMO receiver, but with a significantly reduced complexity. The algorithm starts with linear MIMO processing to obtain the log-likelihood ratios (LLRs) of the channel bits. Then, at the end of an intermediate turbo decoding iteration, it refines a few channel bit LLRs based on the computed distance to only a select number of symbol candidates, thus achieving the savings. The selection is based on the LLRs of the coded bits at that iteration. In a simulated two-transmit two-receive MIMO-OFDM 16-QAM system with a rate-1/2 turbo code, the proposed algorithm can improve the FER performance by more than 3 dB in a COST-259-style bad urban environment, compared with that of the MMSE MIMO receiver, and is only 0.2 dB away from that of the optimal receiver with exponential complexity.
Conceptual Demonstration of Ambient Desorption-Optical Emission Spectroscopy Using a Liquid Sampling-Atmospheric Pressure Glow Discharge Microplasma Source (2016)

The concept of ambient desorption-optical emission spectroscopy (AD-OES) is demonstrated using a liquid sampling-atmospheric pressure glow discharge (LS-APGD) microplasma as the desorption/excitation source. The LS-APGD has previously been employed for elemental analysis of solution samples and particulates introduced via laser ablation in both the optical emission and mass spectrometries (OES, MS) modes. In addition, the device has been shown to be effective for the analysis of elemental and molecular species operating in an ambient desorption/ionization mass spectrometry (ADI-MS) mode. Proof-of-concept is presented here in the use of the LS-APGD to volatilize three very diverse sample forms (metallic thin films, dry solution residues, and bulk materials), with the liberated material excited within the microplasma and detected via OES, i.e., AD-OES. While the demonstration is principally qualitative at this point, it is believed that the basic approach may find application across a broad spectrum of analytical challenges requiring elemental analysis, including metals, soils, and volume-limited solutions, analogous to what has been seen in the development of the field of ADI-MS for molecular species determinations.
Novel Imino Sugar Derivatives Demonstrate Potent Antiviral Activity against Flaviviruses (2009)

ABSTRACT Imino sugars, such as N -butyl-deoxynojirimycin and N -nonyl-deoxynojirimycin (NNDNJ), are glucose analogues that selectively inhibit cellular α-glucosidase I and II in the endoplasmic reticulum and exhibit antiviral activities against many types of enveloped viruses. Although these molecules have broad-spectrum antiviral activity, their development has been limited by a lack of efficacy and/or selectivity. We have previously reported that a DNJ derivative with a hydroxylated cyclohexyl side chain, called OSL-95II, has an antiviral efficacy similar to that of NNDNJ but significantly less toxicity. Building upon this observation, a family of imino sugar derivatives containing an oxygenated side chain and terminally restricted ring structures were synthesized and shown to have low cytotoxicity and superior antiviral activity against members of the Flaviviridae family, including bovine viral diarrhea virus, dengue virus (DENV), and West Nile virus. Of particular interest is that several of these novel imino sugar derivatives, such as PBDNJ0801, PBDNJ0803, and PBDNJ0804, potently inhibit DENV infection in vitro, with 90% effective concentration values at submicromolar concentrations and selectivity indices greater than 800. Therefore, these compounds represent the best in their class and may offer realistic candidates for the development of antiviral therapeutics against human DENV infections.
Graded buffer Bragg reflectors with high reflectivity and transparency for metamorphic optoelectronics (2021)

A graded buffer Bragg reflector (GBBR) is a bifunctional device component that provides the reflection of a distributed Bragg reflector and the adjustable lattice constant of a compositionally graded buffer. Prior work showed that these properties can be combined with low threading dislocation density and high reflectivity. Here, we design and demonstrate complex GBBRs for specific metamorphic solar cell applications. We design buffers that provide (1) high reflectivity over a narrow bandwidth, for quantum well solar cells, (2) reflectivity over a wide bandwidth, for optically thin solar cells, and (3) low sidelobe reflection, for multijunction devices that demand low out-of-band reflection. Apodized and triple GBBRs are demonstrated, and transparency is always considered, requiring designs with carefully engineered material combinations. A GBBR with a reflection of 99% is demonstrated, as well as a triple GBBR that has over 80% reflection for 100 nm of the spectrum around 800 nm. We also analyze potential deviations in a baseline GBBR from that of a perfect DBR using transmission electron microscopy to analyze imperfections in the material and modeling to analyze the impact of imperfect refractive index data for lattice-mismatched AlGaInAs. Minimal crosshatch roughness and unintentional thickness variation occur throughout the buffer, which likely influences reflection slightly. Small deviations between the calculated AlGaInAs and utilized AlGaAs refractive index exist, giving methods for future GBBR improvement. While the GBBR designs are intended for metamorphic solar cells, the broad and high reflection may also be useful for other optoelectronic devices such as light-emitting diodes or lasers.
Alternatively spliced <i>N</i> resistance gene transcripts: Their possible role in tobacco mosaic virus resistance (2000)

The N gene, a member of the Toll-IL-1 homology region-nucleotide binding site-leucine-rich repeat region (LRR) class of plant resistance genes, encodes two transcripts, N(S) and N(L), via alternative splicing of the alternative exon present in the intron III. The N(S) transcript, predicted to encode the full-length N protein containing the Toll-IL-1 homology region, nucleotide binding site, and LRR, is more prevalent before and for 3 hr after tobacco mosaic virus (TMV) infection. The N(L) transcript, predicted to encode a truncated N protein (N(tr)) lacking 13 of the 14 repeats of the LRR, is more prevalent 4-8 hr after TMV infection. Plants harboring a cDNA-N(S) transgene, capable of encoding an N protein but not an N(tr) protein, fail to exhibit complete resistance to TMV. Transgenic plants containing a cDNA-N(S)-bearing intron III and containing 3' N-genomic sequences, encoding both N(S) and N(L) transcripts, exhibit complete resistance to TMV. These results suggest that both N transcripts and presumably their encoded protein products are necessary to confer complete resistance to TMV.
Purification, characterization, and localization of two ATP diphosphohydrolase isoforms in bovine heart (1997)

Two ATP diphosphohydrolase (ATPDase) isoforms have been purified from the bovine heart ventricle. The purification procedure includes the following steps: differential centrifugation, sucrose cushion centrifugation, solubilization with Triton X-100, DEAE agarose ion exchange, and Affi-Gel blue-Sepharose and concanavalin A (con A)-Sepharose chromatographies. The purified enzyme has an optimum pH of catalysis of 7.5 and requires Ca2+ or Mg2+. The apparent Michaelis constant of the enzyme, with ADP as the substrate, is 29 microM, and the apparent maximal velocity is 1.6 mumol.min-1.mg protein-1. Substrate specificity, heat-inactivation curves, and copurification of adenosinetriphosphatase (ATPase) and adenosinediphosphatase (ADPase) activities confirmed the identity of the purified enzyme as an ATPDase. In addition, polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, under nondenaturing conditions, showed identical migration patterns for the protein involved in ATPase and ADPase activities. Western blot analysis, with an antibody that specifically recognizes the NH2-terminal sequence of pig pancreas ATPDase and specifically reacts with bovine and human ATPDases, showed cross-reactivity with the purified ATPDase isoforms from the bovine heart. Immunocytochemical localization in the ventricle produced strong reactions with the plasma membrane of Purkinje fiber cells and the majority of myocardial cells. Immunoreactivity was variable, producing a mosaic-like aspect. As expected, smooth muscle cells and endothelial cells of coronary vessels were highly reactive. This ectoenzyme could play a protective role against the potentially deleterious effects of extracellular ATP. In tandem with 5'-nucleotidase, it produces adenosine, a powerful vasodilator, especially in hypoxic or ischemic conditions that favor the release of ATP.
Long-Term <i>In Vitro</i> Culture of the Syphilis Spirochete <i>Treponema pallidum</i> subsp. <i>pallidum</i> (2018)

Investigation of <i>Treponema pallidum</i> subsp. <i>pallidum</i>, the spirochete that causes syphilis, has been hindered by an inability to culture the organism continuously <i>in vitro</i> despite more than a century of effort. In this study, long-term logarithmic multiplication of <i>T. pallidum</i> was attained through subculture every 6 to 7 days and periodic feeding using a modified medium (<i>T. pallidum</i> culture medium 2 [TpCM-2]) with a previously described microaerobic, rabbit epithelial cell coincubation system. Currently, cultures have maintained continuous growth for over 6 months with full retention of viability as measured by motility and rabbit infectivity. This system has been applied successfully to the well-studied Nichols strain of <i>T. pallidum</i>, as well as to two recent syphilis isolates, UW231B and UW249B. Light microscopy and cryo-electron microscopy showed that <i>in vitro</i>-cultured <i>T. pallidum</i> retains wild-type morphology. Further refinement of this long-term subculture system is expected to facilitate study of the physiological, genetic, pathological, immunologic, and antimicrobial susceptibility properties of <i>T. pallidum</i> subsp. <i>pallidum</i> and closely related pathogenic <i>Treponema</i> species and subspecies.<b>IMPORTANCE</b> Syphilis, a sexually transmitted disease with a global distribution, is caused by a spiral-shaped bacterium called <i>Treponema pallidum</i> subspecies <i>pallidum</i> Previously, <i>T. pallidum</i> was one of the few major bacterial pathogens that had not been cultured long-term <i>in vitro</i> (in a test tube), greatly hindering efforts to better understand this organism and the disease that it causes. In this article, we report the successful long-term cultivation of <i>T. pallidum</i> in a tissue culture system, a finding that is likely to enhance our ability to obtain new information applicable to the diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of syphilis.
Cloning and Expression of a Marine Bacterial  -Galactoside  2,6-Sialyltransferase Gene from Photobacterium damsela JT0160 (1998)

Sialyltransferase 0160, a bacterial sialyltransferase which catalyzes the incorporation of NeuAc from CMP-NeuAc into the galactose residue of the carbohydrate chain at position 6, is produced by Photobacterium damsela JT0160. The gene coding for sialyltransferase 0160 (bst) was cloned, sequenced, and expressed in Escherichia coli. The sialyltransferase 0160 gene contains an open reading frame of 2,028 base pairs encoding a protein of 675 amino acid residues. The deduced amino acid sequence of sialyltransferase 0160 did not contain the sialylmotif and had no significant similarity to mammalian sialyltransferases. Crude extracts of cultured E. coli MV1184 cells carrying an expression plasmid for the sialyltransferase 0160 gene showed sialyltransferase activity, which was identified as beta-galactoside alpha2,6-sialyltransferase activity by enzymatic reaction product analysis. In addition, when mutant genes, lacking 3'-coding regions for COOH-terminal portions of the protein, which are thought to form alpha-helix structures, were expressed in E. coli MV1184, soluble-form enzymes were obtained. This implies that the COOH-terminal portion of sialyltransferase 0160 is required for membrane binding.
Rapid Image Evaluation System for Corneal In Vivo Confocal Microscopy (2012)

The software rapidly and accurately analyzed the in vivo confocal micrographs of the healthy central corneas, yielding quantitative results to describe the nerves, dendritic immune cells, and wing cells.