gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Advanced Techniques for Modeling Terrorism Risk (2002)

The attack of September 11, 2001, demonstrated that terrorism is capable of inflicting damage and loss of life with a severity that is many multiples of the most extreme U.S. natural perils. This article addresses the need for a mathematical model for evaluating terrorism risk. The author compares and contrasts terrorism risk with other forms of catastrophe risk, and identifies human intelligence and intent as the distinguishing features. The author proceeds to propose that analytical techniques developed and applied within the discipline of wartime operations research (e.g., game theory, search theory), along with specialized statistical techniques, may be adopted to practically model the risk of terrorism. The article proceeds to demonstrate how even a highly simplified model can offer useful insights to the insurance industry with regard to this risk, although access to terrorism expertise is crucial.
Complementary and alternative medicine in breast cancer patients (2003)

CAM is a growing field in health care and particularly among breast cancer patients. Knowledge of CAM by physicians, especially oncologists, is necessary. Oncologists should be willing to discuss the role of CAM with their patients and encourage patients to participate in well-organized research about CAM.
Glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase gene over expression correlates with poor prognosis in non small cell lung cancer patients (2013)

GAPDH gene over expression in resected tumor samples is an adverse prognostic factor in NSCLC. Our results confirm the prognostic value of glucose metabolism assessment in NSCLC.
2002 Journal of Urology Consultants (2003)

No AccessJournal of UrologyINVESTIGATIVE UROLOGY1 Jul 20032002 Journal of Urology Consultants Jay Y. GillenwaterEditor Jay Y. GillenwaterJay Y. Gillenwater More articles by this author View All Author Informationhttps://doi.org/10.1016/S0022-5347(05)63504-5AboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissionsReprints ShareFacebookLinked InTwitterEmail © 2003FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Volume 170Issue 1July 2003Page: 306-310 Advertisement Copyright & Permissions© 2003MetricsAuthor Information Jay Y. Gillenwater More articles by this author Expand All Advertisement PDF downloadLoading ...
CHOP-ASO Ameliorates Glomerular and Tubular Damage on Top of ACE Inhibition in Diabetic Kidney Disease (2021)

The ASO-based approach efficiently reduced renal CHOP expression in a diabetic mouse model, providing an additional benefit to an ACEi, particularly at later timepoints. These studies demonstrate that ASO-based therapies efficiently reduce maladaptive CHOP expression and ameliorate experimental DKD.
Segregation of normal and pathological human red blood cells, lymphocytes and fibroblasts by immobilized metal‐ion affinity partitioning (1995)

Immobilized metal-ion affinity partitioning (IMAP) is shown to be useful as a preliminary screening test and for the separation of different cell populations based upon recognition of the differences in the proteins on cell surfaces. The feasibility of using IMAP to segregate a spectrum of normal human cells (red blood cells, lymphocytes and fibroblasts) from their counterpart pathological cells has been demonstrated. A clear segregation between normal and sickle-cell anemia red blood cells (RBC), or malaria (Plasmodium vivax) infected RBCs was obtained. Further, the partition differences were found to depend on the nature and the concentrations of metal used. Cells from breast cancer and those from the lung adenocarcinoma showed differences in their partition pattern as compared to normal fibroblasts when PEG-IDA-M(II) was added to the phase system. Maximum differences between the three cell populations were observed in the presence of 10% PEG-IDA-Ni(II). Normal lymphocytes and Burkitt's lymphoma cells (Raji and Namalwa cell lines) were shown to partition differently in the presence of PEG-IDA-M(II) in the phase system. Normal lymphocytes could be distinguished from the Burkitt's lymphoma cell lines in all three phases (top, interface and bottom), in the presence of 10% PEG-IDA-Ni(II) in the system. These differences in the partition behavior could mainly be attributed to the density, surface exposure and micro-environment of histidine residues of cell membrane-associated proteins. These data, along with those obtained for normal and pathological human cells show that IMAP could be a simple and versatile tool for the segregation and study of cells.
Measurement of Gas Thermal Properties Using the Parametric Reduced-Order Modeling Approach (2016)

This paper deals with a thermal gas property micro-sensor. The proposed modeling approach of the sensor was based on reduced order modeling, in contrast to the traditional analytical modelling approach, which is the standard for this kind of sensors. This sensor was deployed for the measurement of the thermal conductivity (k) and the volumetric heat capacity (ρc <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">p</sub> ) of gases and works according to the temperature oscillation technique. A proper model is crucial for the measurement accuracy. The scope of this paper was to investigate the applicability of a sensor model based on a reduced-order modeling approach, intending to improve the performance of this sensor, as the behavior of the sensor can be modeled much more accurately than using an analytical model. For this reason, a parametric model-order reduction technique using proper orthogonal decomposition was applied. The main advantage of the reduced-order model is the high accuracy in the modeling of the conductive heat transfer problem, while it requires low computation effort. The approach was tested experimentally, where the model was calibrated in two pure gases and evaluated in 21 gases and gas mixtures. The sensor achieved an accuracy in the thermal conductivity of 6.5% and in the volumetric heat capacity of 3.2%.
StructureFlow: Image Inpainting via Structure-aware Appearance Flow (2019)

Image inpainting techniques have shown significant improvements by using deep neural networks recently. However, most of them may either fail to reconstruct reasonable structures or restore fine-grained textures. In order to solve this problem, in this paper, we propose a two-stage model which splits the inpainting task into two parts: structure reconstruction and texture generation. In the first stage, edge-preserved smooth images are employed to train a structure reconstructor which completes the missing structures of the inputs. In the second stage, based on the reconstructed structures, a texture generator using appearance flow is designed to yield image details. Experiments on multiple publicly available datasets show the superior performance of the proposed network.
Chemical Composition and Biological Properties of Two Jatropha Species: Different Parts and Different Extraction Methods (2021)

<i>Jatropha</i> L. species, in particular, <i>J. curcas</i> and <i>J. gossypiifolia</i>, are well known medicinal plants used for treating various diseases. In the present study, leaf and stem bark extracts of <i>J. curcas</i> and <i>J. gossypiifolia</i> obtained by maceration or homogenizer assisted extraction, were investigated for their phytochemical contents and biological potential as antioxidants, enzyme inhibitors and neuromodulators. In this regard, the gene expression of tumor necrosis factor α (TNFα) and brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) was investigated in hypothalamic HypoE22 cells. Finally, a bioinformatics analysis was carried out with the aim to unravel the putative mechanisms consistent with both metabolomic fingerprints and pharmacological effects. The leaf extracts of <i>J. curcas</i> showed higher total phenolic content (TPC) and total flavonoid content (TFC) than the stem bark extracts (range: 5.79-48.95 mg GAE/g and 1.64-13.99 mg RE/g, respectively), while <i>J. gossypiifolia</i> possessed TPC and TFC in the range of 42.62-62.83 mg GAE/g and 6.97-17.63 mg RE/g, respectively. HPLC-MS/MS analysis revealed that the leaf extracts of both species obtained by homogenizer assisted extraction are richer in phytochemical compounds compared to the stem bark extracts obtained by the same extraction method. In vitro antioxidant potentials were also demonstrated in different assays (DPPH: 6.89-193.93 mg TE/g, ABTS: 20.20-255.39 mg TE/g, CUPRAC: 21.07-333.30 mg TE/g, FRAP: 14.02-168.93 mg TE/g, metal chelating activity: 3.21-17.51 mg EDTAE/g and phosphomolybdenum assay: 1.76-3.55 mmol TE/g). In particular, the leaf extract of <i>J. curcas</i> and the stem bark extract of <i>J. gossypiifolia</i>, both obtained by homogenizer assisted extraction, showed the most potent antioxidant capacity in terms of free radical scavenging and reducing activity, which could be related to their higher TPC and TFC. Furthermore, anti-neurodegenerative (acetylcholinesterase inhibition: 1.12-2.36 mg GALAE/g; butyrylcholinetserase inhibition: 0.50-3.68 mg GALAE/g), anti-hyperpigmentation (tyrosinase inhibition: 38.14-57.59 mg KAE/g) and antidiabetic (amylase inhibition: 0.28-0.62 mmol ACAE/g; glucosidase inhibition: 0.65-0.81 mmol ACAE/g) properties were displayed differentially by the different extracts. Additionally, the extracts were effective in reducing the gene expression of both TNFα and BDNF, which could be partially mediated by phenolic compounds such as naringenin, apigenin and quercetin. Indeed, the scientific data obtained from the present study complement the several other reports highlighting the pharmacological potentials of these two species, thus supporting their uses as therapeutically active plants.
Improving DPOP with function filtering (2010)

DPOP is an algorithm for distributed constraint optimization which has, as main drawback, the exponential size of some of its messages. Recently, some algorithms for distributed cluster tree elimination have been proposed. They also suffer from exponential size messages. However, using the strategy of cost function filtering, in practice these algorithms obtain important reductions in maximum message size and total communication cost. In this paper, we explain the relation between DPOP and these algorithms, and show how cost function filtering can be combined with DPOP. We present experimental evidence of the benefits of this new approach.
Immobilization of Yeast on Delignified Cellulosic Material for Low Temperature Brewing (1996)

A biocatalyst was prepared by immobilization of Saccharomyces cerevisiae strain AXAZ-1 on delignified cellulosic (D.C.) material and studied in the fermentation of wort for batch and continuous brewing. The immobilized yeast gave an important operational stability without decrease of its activity, even at low temperatures (0−5 °C), compared with free cells. Batch fermentations at various temperatures were faster than those of free cells and those usual in commercial brewing. A traditional bottom fermentation takes 8−10 days. Specifically, at 0 °C, the fermentation rate was 4−5 times higher than that of free cells. Diacetyl and polyphenol contents as well as bitterness and pH were lower than those when free cells were used for fermentations; at 0 °C, polyphenol content was ∼30% and bitterness 50% of the values noted when free cells were used for fermentations. The alcohol concentration at 0 °C was ∼20% higher than that of free cells. The continuous system was operated continuously for 3 months with relatively high productivity. However, polyphenols and bitterness were higher than those obtained in batch fermentations with immobilized cells. Preliminary taste tests indicated that the beer produced by the immobilized cell process had an acceptable clarity, aroma, and taste. Keywords: Cell immobilization; delignified cellulosic material; Saccharomyces cerevisiae; brewing; beer
The European Commission's Extraterritorial Jurisdiction Over Corporate Mergers (2002)

This article examines the concept and application of the European Merger Regulation as it applies to mergers, acquisitions, and joint ventures external to the European Union (the Union) and the European Economic Area (EEA). More specifically, the article . traces the development of the Merger Regulation and how its application developed into the legal vehicle for the European Commission (the Commission) to administer its authority over the clearance or prohibition of mergers beyond its territorial frontier. Part I addresses the historical concept of extraterritorial jurisdiction under the Merger Regulation. It considers the European Court of Justice's approach to extraterritorial jurisdiction under Articles 81 and 82 of the Treaty Establishing the European Community, formerly Articles 85 and 86, and its application to the Merger Regulation. Part II reviews the Commission's assessment of mergers between non-community enterprises. It concentrates on the Commission's analysis of whether a proposed merger is compatible with the European Common Market. Part III considers the measures available to the European Commission to enforce its authority under the Merger Regulation, while Parts IV and V review the sensitive Boeing/McDonnell Douglas and General Electric/Honeywell merger cases, respectively. This article covers the law in effect as of December 31, 2001.
Energy transfer in photosynthesis: experimental insights and quantitative models (2005)

We overview experimental and theoretical studies of energy transfer in the photosynthetic light-harvesting complexes LH1, LH2, and LHCII performed during the past decade since the discovery of high-resolution structure of these complexes. Experimental findings obtained with various spectroscopic techniques makes possible a modelling of the excitation dynamics at a quantitative level. The modified Redfield theory allows a precise assignment of the energy transfer pathways together with a direct visualization of the whole excitation dynamics where various regimes from a coherent motion of delocalized exciton to a hopping of localized excitations are superimposed. In a single complex it is possible to observe the switching between these regimes driven by slow conformational motion (as we demonstrate for LH2). Excitation dynamics under quenched conditions in higher-plant complexes is discussed.
Mining Reliable Information from Passively and Actively Crowdsourced Data (2016)

Recent years have witnessed an astonishing growth of crowd-contributed data, which has become a powerful information source that covers almost every aspect of our lives. This big treasure trove of information has fundamentally changed the ways in which we learn about our world. Crowdsourcing has attracted considerable attentions with various approaches developed to utilize these enormous crowdsourced data from different perspectives. From the data collection perspective, crowdsourced data can be divided into two types: "passively" crowdsourced data and "actively" crowdsourced data; from task perspective, crowdsourcing research includes information aggregation, budget allocation, worker incentive mechanism, etc. To answer the need of a systematic introduction of the field and comparison of the techniques, we will present an organized picture on crowdsourcing methods in this tutorial. The covered topics will be interested for both advanced researchers and beginners in this field.
A survey on bird activity monitoring and collision avoidance techniques in windmill turbines (2016)

Bird collisions with wind turbines are of increasing concern to utilities, regulatory agencies, and environmental organizations. Numerous kills have been documented at several wind farms. However, the magnitude of the problem industry wide is unknown. This paper presents the results of a feasibility study for a sensor aimed at developing an automated tool to monitor and avoid collision of birds with wind turbines. A 2013 study found U.S. turbines kill 234,000 birds per year on average. The sensors that can be used for detecting and monitoring the bird activities near the turbines are: acoustic sensors, imaging sensors, radar and infrared sensors. Also the systems that are used for the above purpose are being analysed and brought to light here. The primary objective of the paper is to suggest the best cost-effective and efficient system which consists of bird activity monitoring and collision avoidance mechanism from the study of the existing systems and the systems that are under testing and design.
Intelligent devices for appliances control in home networks (2003)

In this work, the architecture and functionality of intelligent, reduced-complexity devices used in appliances control for networking applications arc, presented. These devices exploit the Ethernet infrastructure in order to offer network-based control functionality. The devices implement a hard-wired version of the IP-based protocol stack and use an embedded soft processor core for executing the functions of a control-oriented application layer. The protocol stack used is based on a limited functionality MAC layer, while packet filtering is performed at the IP layer. Simulation results prove the exceptional characteristics of the proposed solution in terms of response time under various traffic conditions.
Clean-in-place systems for industrial bioreactors: Design, validation and operation (1994)

Guidelines for design, validation and operation of clean-in-place systems for industrial fermentation plant are presented. Design of vessels, surface finishes, materials of construction, types and locations of valves are some of the considerations addressed. Requisite levels of turbulence for cleaning of pipes and vessels are discussed as well as typical cleaning sequences. Recommendations for validation of cleaning are presented and the significance of design of cleaning systems in ensuring satisfactory validation is pointed out. To the extent possible, validation of cleaning shOuld be carried out with real process soil or soil closely simulating actual fermentation broths.
A Continuous Information Gain Measure to Find the Most Discriminatory Problems for AI Benchmarking (2020)

This paper introduces an information-theoretic method for selecting a subset of problems which gives the most information about a group of problem-solving algorithms. This method was tested on the games in the General Video Game AI (GVGAI) framework, allowing us to identify a smaller set of games that still gives a large amount of information about the abilities of different game-playing agents. This approach can be used to make agent testing more efficient. We can achieve almost as good discriminatory accuracy when testing on only a handful of games as when testing on more than a hundred games, something which is often computationally infeasible. Furthermore, this method can be extended to study the dimensions of the effective variance in game design between these games, allowing us to identify which games differentiate between agents in the most complementary ways.
Active force reflection devices in teleoperation (1991)

A methodology for designing force-reflecting active controllers in cases involving teleoperation is presented. Certain types of force loop configurations nested within a position loop are shown to provide more information about the environment to the human, and that improves interaction. The procedure of modulating the controller to match the integral of its inverse mechanical impedance to the plant is given. Experimental data involving subjects are used to validate the approach.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Montmorillonite-Added Calcium Phosphate Bioceramic Foams (2007)

The present work was performed to improve the mechanical strength of porous calcium phosphate blocks by adding a little amount of montmorillonite mineral to the calcium phosphate composition. 3.5 wt % of the montmorillonite mineral was added to the slurry of precipitated hydroxyapatite and the porosity was produced by infiltration of a polymer template. After the firing process (1200 oC), the compressive strength, phase composition, morphology and dissolution behavior of the porous bodies were evaluated by appropriate techniques. It was found that the additive improved the mechanical strength but decreased the dissolution rate of the porous calcium phosphate body. Also the final composition of the porous block (i.e. hydroxyapatite, HA, and β- tricalcium phosphate, β-TCP) was not influenced through the presence of the additive. It is suggested that the montmorillonite mineral can improve the sintering performance of the HA and β- TCP.
Nucleosome Reconstruction via Phosphorus Mapping (1984)

Electron spectroscopic imaging was combined with reconstruction algorithms to derive the three-dimensional structure of the nucleosome core particle to a resolution of 1.5 nanometers. Images of phosphorus distributions within individual nucleosomes were interpreted as projections of a supercoil of DNA. These were used to orient the corresponding individual nucleosome images, making it possible to reconstruct the entire nucleosome in three dimensions. The structure is consistent with known biochemical and biophysical data and explains site-specific nuclease sensitivity, although differing in part with other nucleosome models.
The feasibility and reliability of using circular electrode for sphincter of Oddi electromyography in anaesthetised rabbits (2009)

Sphincter of Oddi manometry (SOM) is the gold standard for assessing sphincter of Oddi dysfunction (SOD), but is considered a diagnostic sensitivity of 30-80% and associated with significant complications of pancreatitis. Electromyography (EMG) of sphincter of Oddi (SO) using a circular electrode (CE) may be useful in improving diagnostic accuracy and reducing complications. To evaluate the feasibility and reliability of the CE, we record myoelectric activity of SO in rabbits using the CE to compare with the traditional needle electrode (NE). The CE was prepared using a double-channel biogel catheter with two silver rings at the head of the catheter. The CE was then inserted into the lumen of the SO through the duodenal papilla, and myoelectric activity was recorded in the SO in 30 rabbits. An EMG recorded using an NE was performed at the same time, when the SO was in basal state, after injection of cholecystokinin and N-butylscopolamine bromide. Electromyographs recorded by the two methods were then evaluated. Satisfactory SO EMGs were acquired using the CE without any injury. Simultaneous recording revealed a very similar traces and one-to-one correspondence of SO spike bursts (SOSB). Linear regression analysis showed a significant direct correlation between the two methods for SOSB duration and amplitude. The results suggested that CE was comparable with NE in terms of recording efficacy. The CE also has advantages of easy fixation, accurate localisation, broad applicability and ease of achieving satisfactory outcomes without trauma, compared with the NE.
Documentation for Measuring Stroke Rehabilitation Outcomes (1991)

Stroke is the third commonest cause of hospital admission in Australia. Approximately 71% of patients with an acute stroke are likely to be admitted to public and private hospitals. With no advanced clinical information system in place in Australia, it is difficult to determine who is likely to benefit, what type of inpatient care is efficient and effective in providing maximum potential to the stroke patients. This paper highlights some of the problems encountered with the current medical records, in conducting a prospective, multi-institutional, population based stroke rehabilitation outcome study in Brisbane. The paper also discusses how these deficiencies affect health professionals such as occupational therapists, and how one can work with the medical record administrators of today as key resource people in health information management. To illustrate this, a pro forma rectifying some of the current deficiencies in the medical records is provided as a guide. (AMRJ, 1991, 21(3), 88–95).