gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Solar cells conversion efficiency enhancement techniques (2007)

In order to enhance the conversion efficiency of GaAs p-i-n solar cells GaAs/AlxGa1–xAs QW within intrinsic region or gradation of Al fraction of AlxGa1–xAs emitter and base region were applied. The influence of AlAs Bragg reflectors on the performance of MQWSC was studied theoretically by using SimWindows software.
QoE-based network selection for multimedia users in IEEE 802.11 wireless networks (2008)

Widespread use of wireless networks nowadays raises many challenging issues to be explored. With increasing of multimedia traffic, quality of experience (QoE) needs to be satisfied at users while overall performance needs to be maintained at networks. In order to achieve these goals, the use of network selection mechanism is inevitable. When several access points are present, user should select the best available network while trying to keep load balanced between access networks. In this paper, we present a user-based and network-assisted scheme for network selection in wireless IEEE 802.11 technology. By providing users in decision making process with relevant information about the networks, the proposed solution keeps compromising advantage for both user and network. Our mechanism is based on a technique called pseudo-subjective quality assessment (PSQA), which is used basically to measure quality of experience perceived by users. We propose a new scheme where PSQA tool is used to assist in terminal-centric network selection. We explain the scheme and illustrate its efficient performance compared to a signal-based mechanism.
An Automated Ocular Microtremor Feature Extraction using the Gabor Thresholding Technique (2007)

Ocular Microtremor (OMT) is a very fine continuous eye movement which has potential in monitoring and identifying a number of clinical conditions. There is a need for improved analysis and processing techniques to extract useful, quantifiable parameters from the OMT signal. A number of papers have shown the clinical significance of looking at the 'bursts' and 'baseling' patterns of the OMT signal. Analysis to date relies on visual inspection alone. This paper introduces an automated approach to burst/baseline identification based on a time-varying filter using the Gabor transform.
In Situ Maleimide Bridging of Disulfides and a New Approach to Protein PEGylation (2011)

The introduction of non-natural entities into proteins by chemical modification has numerous applications in fundamental biological science and for the development and manipulation of peptide and protein therapeutics. The reduction of native disulfide bonds provides a convenient method to access two nucleophilic cysteine residues that can serve as ideal attachment points for such chemical modification. The optimum bioconjugation strategy utilizing these cysteine residues should include the reconstruction of a bridge to mimic the role of the disulfide bond, maintaining structure and stability of the protein. Furthermore, the bridging chemical modification should be as rapid as possible to prevent problems associated with protein unfolding, aggregation, or disulfide scrambling. This study reports on an in situ disulfide reduction-bridging strategy that ensures rapid sequestration of the free cysteine residues in a bridge, using dithiomaleimides. This approach is then used to PEGylate the peptide hormone somatostatin and retention of biological activity is demonstrated.
Improving TCP performance in ATM network by the fast TCP flow control (2002)

The essential idea of fast TCP (F-TCP) is to delay TCP acknowledgment (ACK) traveling towards its TCP source through a node where its forward channel is congested. By the analysis of the simulation results of a simple example, it can be seen that: (1) F-TCP smoothes the peak of the TCP flow, consequently F-TCP reduce the requirement of the ATM buffer; (2) with the same size of ATM buffer, F-TCP reduces the probability of overflow and as a result, improve the TCP throughput; and (3) F-TCP reduces ATM buffer oscillation, since most of the time the TCP is in a congestion avoidance phase after short period of the slow start phase, the flow is fairly smooth and the ATM buffer utilization is improved.
Pickering Emulsion Templated Layer-by-Layer Assembly for Making Microcapsules (2010)

Pickering emulsions stabilized by poly(sodium styrenesulfonate) (PSS) surface-modified LUDOX CL particles were used as templates for the layer-by-layer (LbL) deposition of polyelectrolytes and charged nanoparticles to form composite shells. The microcapsules resulting from repeated LbL coating with poly(diallyldimethylammonium chloride) (PDADMAC) and PSS had porous walls due to the loose arrangement of the original nanoparticle aggregates at the oil-water interface, leading to significant microcapsule rupture and low encapsulation efficiency. Microcapsules formed by coating with PDADMAC and anionic LUDOX HS nanoparticles led to dense walls and stronger microcapsules, suitable for microencapsulation of hydrophobic materials with a wide range of polarities.
Comparing Different Recording Lengths of Dynamic Cerebral Autoregulation: 5 versus 10 Minutes (2018)

We compared the dynamic cerebral autoregulation (dCA) indices between 5- and 10-minute data lengths by analyzing 37 patients with ischemic stroke and 51 controls in this study. Correlation coefficient (<i>Mx</i>) and transfer function analysis were applied for dCA analysis. <i>Mx</i> and phase shift in all frequency bands were not significantly different between 5- and 10-minute recordings [mean difference: <i>Mx</i> = 0.02; phase shift of very low frequency (0.02-0.07 Hz) = 0.3°, low frequency (0.07-0.20 Hz) = 0.6°, and high frequency (0.20-0.50 Hz) = 0.1°]. However, the gains in all frequency bands of a 5-minute recording were slightly but significantly higher than those of a 10-minute recording (mean difference of gain: very low frequency = 0.05 cm/s/mmHg, low frequency = 0.11 cm/s/mmHg, and high frequency = 0.14 cm/s/mmHg). The intraclass correlation coefficients between all dCA indices of 5- and 10-minute recordings were favorable, especially in <i>Mx</i> (0.93), phase shift in very low frequency (0.87), and gain in very low frequency (0.94). The areas under the receiver operating characteristic curve for stroke diagnosis between 5- and 10-minute recordings were not different. We concluded that dCA assessed by using a 5-minute recording is not significantly different from that using a 10-minute recording in the clinical application.
Enhanced Detection of Enteroviruses in Clinical Samples by Reverse Transcription-PCR Using Complementary Locked Primer Technology (2009)

To increase detection sensitivity, we modified primers using complementary locked primer (CLP) technology. The sensitivity of the reverse transcription-PCR (RT-PCR) with CLP-modified primers was 10- to 100-fold higher than that of RT-PCR without these primers. CLP-modified primers can increase sensitivity, providing a widely accessible method for molecular diagnosis.
Atherogenic properties of LDL particles modified by human group X secreted phospholipase A2 on human endothelial cell function (2006)

Increasing evidence suggests that secreted phospholipases A2 (sPLA2s) play an important role in the pathophysiology of atherosclerosis. Among sPLA2s, the human group X (hGX) enzyme has the highest catalytic activity toward phosphatidylcholine, one of the major phospholipid species of cell membranes and low-density lipoprotein (LDL). Our study examined the presence of hGX sPLA2 in human atherosclerotic lesions and investigated the ability of hGX modified LDL to alter human endothelial cell (HUVEC) function. Our results show that hGX sPLA2 is present in human atherosclerotic lesions and that the hydrolysis of LDL by hGX sPLA2 results in a modified particle that induces lipid accumulation in human monocyte-derived macrophages. Acting on endothelial cells, hGX-modified LDL activates the MAP kinase pathway, which leads to increased arachidonic acid release, increased expression of adhesion molecules on the surface of HUVEC, and increased adhesion of monocytes to HUVEC monolayers. Together, our data suggest that LDL modified by hGX, rather than hGX itself may have strong proinflammatory and proatherogenic properties, which could play an important role in the propagation of atherosclerosis.
Association of Prehospital Advanced Airway Management With Neurologic Outcome and Survival in Patients With Out-of-Hospital Cardiac Arrest (2013)

Hasegawa, Kohei*; Hiraide, Atsushi†; Chang, Yuchiao‡; Brown, David F.M.* Author Information
State of the art low capture power methodology (2011)

Power consumption during test can be significantly higher than during normal functional mode. This paper presents a low power Automated Test Pattern Generation (ATPG) flow for managing capture power in today's power critical designs. It introduces a novel method for sequentially enabling the on-chip clock controllers to generate accurate low power ATPG patterns respecting the power specifications of the design. The effectiveness of the method is demonstrated on several industrial designs that show up power issues during test mode.
CRISPR-Based Diagnosis of Infectious and Noninfectious Diseases (2020)

Interest in CRISPR technology, an instrumental component of prokaryotic adaptive immunity which enables prokaryotes to detect any foreign DNA and then destroy it, has gained popularity among members of the scientific community. This is due to CRISPR's remarkable gene editing and cleaving abilities. While the application of CRISPR in human genome editing and diagnosis needs to be researched more fully, and any potential side effects or ambiguities resolved, CRISPR has already shown its capacity in an astonishing variety of applications related to genome editing and genetic engineering. One of its most currently relevant applications is in diagnosis of infectious and non-infectious diseases. Since its initial discovery, 6 types and 22 subtypes of CRISPR systems have been discovered and explored. Diagnostic CRISPR systems are most often derived from types II, V, and VI. Different types of CRISPR-Cas systems which have been identified in different microorganisms can target DNA (e.g. Cas9 and Cas12 enzymes) or RNA (e.g. Cas13 enzyme). Viral, bacterial, and non-infectious diseases such as cancer can all be diagnosed using the cleavage activity of CRISPR enzymes from the aforementioned types. Diagnostic tests using Cas12 and Cas13 enzymes have already been developed for detection of the emerging SARS-CoV-2 virus. Additionally, CRISPR diagnostic tests can be performed using simple reagents and paper-based lateral flow assays, which can potentially reduce laboratory and patient costs significantly. In this review, the classification of CRISPR-Cas systems as well as the basis of the CRISPR/Cas mechanisms of action will be presented. The application of these systems in medical diagnostics with emphasis on the diagnosis of COVID-19 will be discussed.
Deciphering ionic current signatures of DNA transport through a nanopore (2010)

Within just a decade from the pioneering work demonstrating the utility of nanopores for molecular sensing, nanopores have emerged as versatile systems for single-molecule manipulation and analysis. In a typical setup, a gradient of the electrostatic potential captures charged solutes from the solution and forces them to move through a single nanopore, across an otherwise impermeable membrane. The ionic current blockades resulting from the presence of a solute in a nanopore can reveal the type of the solute, for example, the nucleotide makeup of a DNA strand. Despite great success, the microscopic mechanisms underlying the functionality of such stochastic sensors remain largely unknown, as it is not currently possible to characterize the microscopic conformations of single biomolecules directly in a nanopore and thereby unequivocally establish the causal relationship between the observables and the microscopic events. Such a relationship can be determined using molecular dynamics-a computational method that can accurately predict the time evolution of a molecular system starting from a given microscopic state. This article describes recent applications of this method to the process of DNA transport through biological and synthetic nanopores.
Modeling of the Data Center Resource Management Using Reinforcement Learning (2018)

Cloud data centers are most dynamic systems in a modern digital world. To deliver the high-performance and fault-tolerant IT services to end users effectively it is necessary to develop new methods for data center resource management while adapting to the emergence of new requirements. In this paper, the authors refine and evaluate the previously proposed method for cloud data center resource management based on the reinforcement learning approach. The proposed method takes into account the power consumption and the number of SLA violations in the management policy. The power consumption is managed by switching physical servers to active or sleep state depending on current utilization of three resources: CPU, memory, and network bandwidth. The proposed reinforcement learning agent allows to determine the optimal policy for managing the physical servers without creating an environment model and preliminary information about the workload. The evaluation results show that the proposed method allows to decrease the SLA violation time, to serve more VM schedule requests when the number of VMs is changing frequently, and to decrease the utilization of data center network due to decreased number of migrations.
Plasma and Renal Prorenin/Renin, Renin mRNA, and Blood Pressure in Dahl Salt-Sensitive and Salt-Resistant Rats (1996)

We measured plasma prorenin and renin levels, renal renin mRNA, renal anti-renin and anti-prorenin-prosequence immunoreactivity, and blood pressure in maturing Brookhaven Dahl salt-sensitive (Dahl S) and salt-resistant (Dahl R) rats during 14 days of low (0%), medium (0.4%), or high 4%) NaCl diets. Blood pressure was higher in Dahl S rats and did not increase with high NaCl. Seven-week-old Dahl R rats had twofold and sixfold higher levels of plasma prorenin and renal prosequence immunoreactivity, respectively, which by 9 weeks were the same as in Dahl S rats. The anti-renin antiserum, BR1-5, was found to detect prorenin better than renin; Dahl S rats had suppressed renal anti-renin immunoreactivity relative to Dahl-R rats. Dahl R rats were unresponsive to high NaCl, whereas in Dahl S rats, plasma renin and renal prosequence immunoreactivity fell by 90% (P < .01), renal anti-renin immunoreactivity and renal renin MRNA fell by 35% (P < .05 for both), and plasma prorenin fell by 30% (P = NS). NaCl depletion increased prorenin/renin parameters similarly in both strains. There were direct relationships among all of the prorenin/renin parameters. Between low and high salt diets in Dahl S rats, plasma renin increased 20-fold, plasma total renin (renin plus prorenin) and renal renin mRNA both increased threefold, and plasma prorenin increased twofold. The results indicate that under steady-state conditions, plasma and renal renin/prorenin parameters change concordantly and that plasma total renin (renin plus prorenin) reflects changes in renal renin mRNA. The lower blood pressure of Dahl R rats is associated with later maturation-related declines in plasma and renal prorenin. Suppression of plasma renin may delay the salt-induced blood pressure rise in Dahl S rats. Finally, the renin system and blood pressure of Dahl R rats have remarkable disregard for a high salt diet.
GM-CSF–dependent, CD103+ dermal dendritic cells play a critical role in Th effector cell differentiation after subcutaneous immunization (2010)

Dendritic cells (DCs) play an important role in CD4(+) T helper (Th) cell differentiation and in the initiation of both protective and pathogenic immunity. Granulocyte/macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) is a DC growth factor critical for the induction of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) and other autoimmune diseases, yet its mechanism of action in vivo is not fully defined. We show that GM-CSF is directly required for the accumulation of radiosensitive dermal-derived langerin(+)CD103(+) DCs in the skin and peripheral lymph nodes under steady-state and inflammatory conditions. Langerin(+)CD103(+) DCs stimulated naive myelin-reactive T cells to proliferate and produce IFN-gamma and IL-17. They were superior to other DC subsets in inducing expression of T-bet and promoting Th1 cell differentiation. Ablation of this subset in vivo conferred resistance to EAE. The current report reveals a previously unidentified role for GM-CSF in DC ontogeny and identifies langerin(+)CD103(+) DCs as an important subset in CD4(+) T cell-mediated autoimmune disease.
Biomarkers of Toluene Diisocyanate Exposure (2002)

Biomarkers are very useful tools when the metabolic fate of the compound or the etiology of a resultant disease is completely understood. They may contribute to confusion if it is not possible to distinguish between markers of exposure and markers of disease. Such is the case for biomarkers used in the assessment of diisocyanate exposure. Biomarkers for diisocyanate exposure result from both direct and indirect effects. Molecules such as hemoglobin, albumin, tubulin, glutathione, and laminin have been implicated as having been directly modified as a result of exposure to toluene diisocyanate (TDI). In addition, indirect biomarkers have included profiles of molecules such as antibodies, cytokines, cell accumulation or proliferation, and markers of oxidative stress. While a brief presentation of each of these markers is provided here, the focus is primarily on immunological markers as an example of the difficulties with using biomarkers in assessing diisocyanate exposure in general, and TDI specifically. Compiled data will be used to demonstrate where gaps exist in our understanding of how the results of measured biomarkers are used with regard to isocyanate exposure, and whether it may be possible to develop these tools to define thresholds between exposure and disease. Issues addressed include whether the marker represents a measure of exposure or disease, whether the methods are sufficiently uniform between labs to be able to compare between studies, and whether the ambiguities are the result of the complexity of the isocyanate reactivity in the biological system, or our inability to accurately measure the end point of the reactions.
The Resurrection and Contemporary Theology (1993)

Theology, like most other things, is subject to changes and transformations. If one has to reflect on the history of theology, several changes surface, such as the liberal protestant theology of the nineteenth century, which challenged dialectical theology, and the Biblical Theology movement of the Second World War, which sought to see Christian life within the context of the intellectual world of the first century. Because theology is a co-operative enterprise, it is often subject to fashion and changes in fashion. Theologians often play an important role in the changes found in theology. They always keep the Church abreast of new theological trends and developments. Among these is the doctrine of the person and work of Christ, which is one of the most absorbing currents of current theology and remains to be a matter of controversy. This chapter discusses the humanity and divinity of Jesus Christ through the concept of resurrection and incarnation. It also discusses the diversity and contemporaries on the resurrection faith and the framework from which the resurrection faith can be measured and defined.
Discovery of Novel Ligands for Mouse Olfactory Receptor MOR42-3 Using an In Silico Screening Approach and In Vitro Validation (2014)

The ligands for many olfactory receptors remain largely unknown despite successful heterologous expression of these receptors. Understanding the molecular receptive range of olfactory receptors and deciphering the olfactory recognition code are hampered by the huge number of odorants and large number of olfactory receptors, as well as the complexity of their combinatorial coding. Here, we present an in silico screening approach to find additional ligands for a mouse olfactory receptor that allows improved definition of its molecular receptive range. A virtual library of 574 odorants was screened against a mouse olfactory receptor MOR42-3. We selected the top 20 candidate ligands using two different scoring functions. These 40 odorant candidate ligands were then tested in vitro using the Xenopus oocyte heterologous expression system and two-electrode voltage clamp electrophysiology. We experimentally confirmed 22 of these ligands. The candidate ligands were screened for both agonist and antagonist activity. In summary, we validated 19 agonists and 3 antagonists. Two of the newly identified antagonists were of low potency. Several previously known ligands (mono- and dicarboxylic acids) are also confirmed in this study. However, some of the newly identified ligands were structurally dissimilar compounds with various functional groups belonging to aldehydes, phenyls, alkenes, esters and ethers. The high positive predictive value of our in silico approach is promising. We believe that this approach can be used for initial deorphanization of olfactory receptors as well as for future comprehensive studies of molecular receptive range of olfactory receptors.
Quantitative fluorescence tomography with functional and structural a priori information (2009)

We demonstrate the necessity of functional and structural a priori information for quantitative fluorescence tomography (FT) with phantom studies. Here the functional a priori information is defined as the optical properties of the heterogeneous background that can be measured by a diffuse optical tomography (DOT) system. A CCD-based noncontact hybrid FT/DOT system that could take measurements at multiple views was built. Multimodality phantoms with multiple compartments were constructed and used in the experiments to mimic a heterogeneous optical background. A 3.6 mm diameter object deeply embedded in a heterogeneous optical background could be localized without any a priori information, but the recovered fluorophore concentration only reached one tenth of the true concentration. On the other hand, the true fluorophore concentration could be recovered when both functional and structural a priori information is utilized to guide and constrain the FT reconstruction algorithm.