gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
High-Throughput Continuous Beam Steering Using Rotating Polarization Gratings (2009)

A new beam steering concept comprising independently rotating, inline polarization gratings (PGs) is experimentally demonstrated. The approach, which we term Risley gratings, achieves high steering throughput within a large field-of-regard (FOR) in a fashion similar to Risley prisms, composed of wedged prisms. However, because PGs are patterned in thin liquid crystal layers, they enable a system with far less thickness, weight, and beam walk-off. Furthermore, large apertures are feasible and wavelengths from visible to infrared can be chosen. Any direction within a solid angle defined by twice the diffraction angle of each PG can be addressed mechanically. Here we demonstrate a Risley grating system with a 62° FOR and 89%-92% transmittance at 1550-nm wavelength, using two PGs with 6-¿m grating period.
New Syntheses of Functional and Sequential Polymers by Exploiting Knowledge of the Mechanism of Initiation (1983)

The first part of this presentation concerns a brief overview of the mechanism of initiation of carbocationic polymerizations; in particular it addresses head group control by protonation, cationation, and the controlled initiation concept which led to a large new family of block, graft, and bigraft copolymers. Subsequently the first carbocationic macromer synthesis yielding polyisobutenylstyrene is described. The copolymerization of the latter macromer with acrylates gave rise to new graft copolymers. Then head group control with inorganic moieties, i.e., Cl-, NO2- and Ø3Si-, is outlined. The first part concludes with a discussion of the similarity between the mechanisms of initiation and chain transfer, the appreciation of which led to the inifer concept, which in turn yielded new telechelics, networks, sequential copolymers, etc. The second part of this presentation focuses on practical consequences of understanding details of the mechanism of initiation. The synthesis of a new family of telechelic linear and tri-arm star polyisobutylenes will be described. Among the new prepolymers are telechelic olefins, epoxides, aldehydes, alcohols, and amines. The preparation of new ionomers and polyisobutylene-based polyurethanes will be outlined and some fundamental properties of these new materials will be discussed.
Vitamin D and Multiple Sclerosis (1997)

Recently, it has been clearly demonstrated that exogenous 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3, the hormonal form of vitamin D3, can completely prevent experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE), a widely accepted mouse model of human multiple sclerosis (MS). This finding has focused attention on the possible relationship of this disease to vitamin D. Although genetic traits certainly contribute to MS susceptibility, an environmental factor is also clearly involved. It is our hypothesis that one crucial environmental factor is the degree of sunlight exposure catalyzing the production of vitamin D3 in skin, and, further, that the hormonal form of vitamin D3 is a selective immune system regulator inhibiting this autoimmune disease. Thus, under low-sunlight conditions, insufficient vitamin D3 is produced, limiting production of 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3, providing a risk for MS. Although the evidence that vitamin D3 is a protective environmental factor against MS is circumstantial, it is compelling. This theory can explain the striking geographic distribution of MS, which is nearly zero in equatorial regions and increases dramatically with latitude in both hemispheres. It can also explain two peculiar geographic anomalies, one in Switzerland with high MS rates at low altitudes and low MS rates at high altitudes, and one in Norway with a high MS prevalence inland and a lower MS prevalence along the coast. Ultraviolet (UV) light intensity is higher at high altitudes, resulting in a greater vitamin D3 synthetic rate, thereby accounting for low MS rates at higher altitudes. On the Norwegian coast, fish is consumed at high rates and fish oils are rich in vitamin D3. Further, experimental work on EAE provides strong support for the importance of vitamin D3 in reducing the risk and susceptibility for MS. If this hypothesis is correct, then 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 or its analogs may have great therapeutic potential in patients with MS. More importantly, current research together with data from migration studies opens the possibility that MS may be preventable in genetically susceptible individuals with early intervention strategies that provide adequate levels of hormonally active 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 or its analogs.
Characterization of Il-17Aa and Il-17Ff in Rheumatoid Arthritis and Multiple Sclerosis (2016)

Reliable determination of IL-17 isoforms in the systemic and CNS compartments sheds light on the involvement of IL-17AA and IL-17FF in autoimmunity.
A direct sample introduction device for mass spectrometry studies and gas chromatography mass spectrometry analyses (1997)

A novel direct sample introduction (DSI) device is described, based on sample introduction in a disposable mini-vial (test tube) inside the existing gas chromatography (GC) injector. This DSI device effectively transforms a conventional GC injector, followed by a short capillary column, into a very cost-effective alternative to the standard direct insertion probe and enables a continuous sample flux at the mass spectrometer ion source for mass spectrometry (MS) and MS-MS studies. This same device also enables direct introduction of dirty samples for GC and GC-MS analysis. The dirty sample introduction is based on the thermal extraction of semi-volatile sample compounds inside the GC injector, while the non-volatile residue is retained in the sample vial that is disposed of after the analysis. The major capabilities of this new DSI device are demonstrated and its various features are discussed.
MURAX (1993)

Robust linguistic methods are applied to the task of answering closed-class questions using a corpus of natural language. The methods are illustrated in a broad domain: answering general-knowledge questions using an on-line encyclopedia.
Body fat measurement in computed tomography image. (1999)

In this paper, we suggest an automatic fat region setting method in computed tomography to measure body fat. Quantitative measurement of body fat is important for the diagnosis and treatment of diseases related to obesity. The evaluation methods of obesity such as weight and height ratio, waiste and hip circumference ratio, and subcutaneous fat thickness by clipper, have a weak point that they do not measure body fat quantitatively. To overcome the weak point a body fat measurement method by computed tomography has been tried recently. The body fat measurement by computed tomography presents volume of body fat quantitatively at a specific region such as subcutaneous and abdominal fats. Computed tomography provides an image consisting of voxels with Hounsfield unit which is proportional to the density at the voxels. In general, the Hounsfield units of the body fat is known as it has the values from -150 to -50. However, the Hounsfield unit range of the fat is different for every person and every region of a person. In this paper, we show the difference of the body fat range in the Hounsfield units for 20 persons and various regions of a person, and we suggest an automatic setting method of the body fat region in the Hounsfield units due to the Gaussian function fitting of the histogram in the computed tomography image.
Removal of Hydrogen Sulfide on Sewage Sludge/Industrial Sludge Based Carbonaceous Adsorbents (2006)

The mixtures of sewage sludge, waste oil sludge and metal oil sludge were prepared and carbonized at 950 C in an inert atmosphere. On the materials obtained dynamic adsorption of H2S was measured and the breakthrough capacity calculated. The initial and exhausted adsorbents after the breakthrough tests were characterized using sorption of nitrogen, thermal analysis, and XRF, XRD and surface pH measurements. Mixing sludges leads to very high capacity adsorbents on which hydrogen sulfide is oxidized to elemental sulfur. Although the micropore volume of the adsorbents obtained is not high, their high volume of mesopores contributes significantly to reactive adsorption and provides space to store the oxidation products. The H2S breakthrough capacity on the new materials reaches 10 wt %. These adsorbents work until all active pores are filled and the catalytic centers are exhausted. The reason for such high capacity is in the formation of catalytically active mineral like phases during pyrolysis in the presence of nitrogen and carbon. This highly dispersed phase provides basicity and catalytic centers for hydrogen sulfide dissociation and its oxidation to sulfur.
Quasi-Single-Mode Transmission for Long-Haul and Submarine Optical Communications (2016)

Single-mode transmission over few-mode fiber is investigated to enable larger effective area and higher nonlinear tolerance. Multipath interference generated during propagation is modeled. Transmission results illustrate benefits of hybrid spans and multi-subcarrier modulation formats.
Comparison of approaches for risk-modulated CAD (2003)

We compared computerized methods that incorporate automated lesion characterization and methods for the assessment of the breast parenchymal pattern on mammograms in order to better predict the pathological status of a breast lesion. Computer-extracted mass feature automatically characterized the shape, spiculation, contrast, and margin of each lesion. On the digitized mammogram of the contralateral breast, computer-extracted texture features were automatically extracted to characterize the radiographic breast parenchymal patterns. Three approaches were investigated. A computerized risk-modulated analysis system for mammographic images is expected to improve characterization of lesions by incorporating cancer-risk information into the decision-making process.
Excitation of Epsilon-Near-Zero Mode in Optical Fiber (2019)

We demonstrate the excitation of epsilon-near-zero (ENZ) resonance on a side-polished optical fiber nano-coated with aluminum-doped zinc oxide (AZO) with vanishing permittivity at near-infrared wavelength. The ENZ resonance is caused by the coupling between guided modes supported by optical fiber and the AZO nanolayer.
Abstract 2930: Niche microenvironments essential for tumor heterogeneity of primary cancer cells (2017)

Abstract Primary culture of cancer cells derived from each patient’s tumor can provide important information of the “individual tumor.” It is general to use cell lines in basic research filed. However, cell lines are quite different from clinical cancers. Clinical cancer tissues are composed of not only cancer cells but also tumor microenvironments such as stromal cells and tumor vessels. The primary culture method of clinical cancer with tumor niche microenvironments has not been optimized. We have developed a simple 2D-culture method for primary colorectal cancer (CRC). We obtained 30 samples from surgically resected tumor. They were mechanically and enzymatically digested and fibrotic tissue and bacteria were excluded using customized two size filters. And we cultured the obtained cells on a matrigel-coated plate with embryonic stem (ES) cells culture medium. We named these cultured cancer cells, “isolated-tumor derived Cancer Cells (iCCs).” All iCCs grew and about 80 % of iCCs were successfully passaged. Twenty-three iCCs were transplanted into the subcutaneous layer of NOD-SCID mice, and the tumor growth and histology of iCCs were examined. The morphology was similar to each parental clinical tumor. And microarray analysis showed that RNA expression of iCCs was similar to each parental tumor. Furthermore, we examined the culture medium; our modified ES culture medium (ES-cultured iCCs) and 10% FBS medium (serum-cultured iCCs). The expression of surface markers regarding cancer stem cells such as CD44 and CD24 were different between ES-cultured iCCs and serum-cultured iCCs, and drug sensitivity of iCCs were also different. FACS analysis and immunocytochemistry revealed that iCCs contained PDGFR-positive cells. The results of multi-drug sensitivity assay were different between iCCs and cell lines especially in PDGFR inhibitor. Strong correlations were observed between the results of multi-drug sensitivity assay of iCCs and clinical outcomes of chemotherapy. We report an innovative primary culture method and the in vivo and in vitro analyses of iCCs, leading to the future application. Citation Format: Shiki Fujino, Norikatsu Miyoshi, Masayuki Ohue, Yusuke Takayashi, Masayoshi Yasui, Hidekazu Takahashi, Naoyuki Haraguchi, Jhunichi Nishimura, Taishi Hata, Tsunekazu Mizushima, Yuichiro Doki, Masaki Mori. Niche microenvironments essential for tumor heterogeneity of primary cancer cells [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2017; 2017 Apr 1-5; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2017;77(13 Suppl):Abstract nr 2930. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2017-2930
Detection of Mutations by Single‐Strand Conformation Polymorphism (SSCP) Analysis and SSCP‐Hybrid Methods (1997)

Single-strand conformation polymorphism (SSCP) analysis detects mutations based on the fact that single-nucleotide changes in DNA sequences alter the mobility of single-stranded DNA in nondenaturing gels. Four methods for detecting mutations based on SSCP are described here. (1) Traditional SSCP analysis is technically easy and can be used for screening large numbers of samples. SSCP-hybrid methods detect mutations based on either an SSCP effect or an altered component independent of the SSCP effect. (2) Dideoxy fingerprinting (ddF) involves PCR amplification of the target and creation of a set of dideoxy-terminated strands with the mutation. (3) Bi-directional dideoxy fingerprinting (Bi-ddF) involves production of two sets of dideoxy-terminated strands that are generated from two different primers. (4) Restriction endonuclease fingerprinting (REF) involves cleavage of the amplified target with five to six groups of restriction endonucleases.
Projecting the Specific Energy of Rechargeable Zinc–Air Batteries (2020)

Commercial primary zinc–air batteries provide 450 Wh kgcell–1 (at the cell level), but the practical specific energy of secondary zinc–air batteries remains unclear. Using a specific-energy model and data from reported zinc–air cells, we show that some rechargeable zinc–air electrode materials may already be capable of enabling system-level specific energies between 200 and 450 Wh kgsys–1. These values rival best-case projections for battery packs using lithium–sulfur, lithium metal paired with layered metal oxides, or open lithium–air. By performing a sensitivity analysis on the reported specific-energy model, we show that depth of discharge, areal discharge capacity, and solid-volume fraction of the porous Zn electrode are the most important parameters for increasing specific energy, rather than discharge voltage. To achieve a high specific energy, bipolar zinc–air cells need to cycle above 40% depth of discharge with areal discharge energies >100 mWh cmgeo–2.
Generation and Characterization of Chimeric Antibodies against NS3, NS4, NS5, and Core Antigens of Hepatitis C Virus (2010)

Mouse-human chimeric antibodies (cAbs) against hepatitis C virus (HCV) core, NS3 (nonstructural), NS4, and NS5 antigens were developed as quality control (QC) reagents to replace the use of human sera/plasma for Abbott HCV immunoassays. The cAb retains the mouse monoclonal antibody (MAb) specificity and affinity but still reacts in the existing HCV assay format, which measures human anti-HCV immunoglobulin. Mouse heavy-chain (V(H)) and light-chain (V(L)) variable regions of anti-HCV core, NS3, NS4, and NS5 antigens were PCR amplified from hybridoma lines and then cloned with human IgG1 heavy-chain (C(H)) and light-chain (C(L)) constant regions, respectively. A single mammalian expression plasmid containing both heavy-chain and light-chain immunoglobulin genes was constructed and transfected into dihydrofolate reductase (DHFR)-deficient Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells. The transfected CHO cells were selected using hypoxanthine- and thymidine-free medium and screened by an enzyme immunoassay (EIA). The clone secreting the highest level of antibody was isolated from the CHO transfectants and further subcloned. Each cAb-expressing CHO cell line was weaned into serum-free medium, and the cAb was purified by protein A affinity chromatography. The levels of cAb production for the various CHO cell lines varied from 10 to 20 mg/liter. Purified anti-HCV cAbs were tested with Abbott HCV immunoassays and showed reactivity. Moreover, yeast surface display combined with alanine-scanning mutagenesis was used to map the epitope at the individual amino acid level. Our results suggest that these HCV cAbs are ideal controls, calibrators, and/or QC reagents for HCV assay standardization.
A Soft-Switching Zeta-Based AC-Link Universal Converter (2023)

AC-link universal converters are relatively new topologies that can transfer power from different types of sources to various kinds of electrical loads. These converters provide higher reliability by employing small film capacitors instead of large electrolytic ones, which have higher failure rates than other power electronic components. Furthermore, when isolation is needed, universal converters can use compact high-frequency transformers rather than bulky line-frequency transformers. These converters extend the principles of the operation of DC-DC converters to DC-AC, AC-DC, and AC-AC power conversion systems. This paper proposes a soft-switching Zeta-based universal converter that can step up and step down the voltage in a wide range. Compared to Cuk-based converters, the link capacitor in this topology has a lower peak voltage. This paper discusses the principles of the operation of this converter. The performance of the proposed structure is evaluated through simulations in this paper.
All-optical packet switching of 160 Gb/s packets with all-optical processing of 10 Gb/s headers (2006)

We report the first demonstration of all-optical packet switching of 160 Gb/s packets with all-optical header processing of the 10 Gb/s packet headers. The timing diagrams before and after packet switching are shown.
4,7.beta.-Dimethyl-4-azacholestan-3-one (MK-386) and Related 4-Azasteroids as Selective Inhibitors of Human Type 1 5.alpha.-Reductase (1994)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXT4,7.beta.-Dimethyl-4-azacholestan-3-one (MK-386) and Related 4-Azasteroids as Selective Inhibitors of Human Type 1 5.alpha.-ReductaseRaman K. Bakshi, Gool F. Patel, Gary H. Rasmusson, Walter F. Baginsky, George Cimis, Kenneth Ellsworth, Benedict Chang, Herb Bull, Richard L. Tolman, and Georgianna S. HarrisCite this: J. Med. Chem. 1994, 37, 23, 3871–3874Publication Date (Print):November 1, 1994Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 November 1994https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jm00049a003https://doi.org/10.1021/jm00049a003research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views297Altmetric-Citations43LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (1)»Supporting Information Supporting Information Get e-Alerts
THERMAL ENERGY STORAGE FOR CONCENTRATING SOLAR POWER PLANTS (2012)

Thermal energy storage for concentrating solar thermal power (CSP) plants can help in overcoming the intermittency of the solar resource and also reduce the levelized cost of energy (LCOE) by utilizing the power block for extended periods of time. In general, heat can be stored in the form of sensible heat, latent heat, and thermochemical reactions. This article describes the development of a costeffective latent heat storage TES at the University of South Florida (USF). Latent heat storage systems have higher energy density compared to sensible heat storage systems. However, most phase change materials (PCMs) have low thermal conductivity that leads to slow charging and discharging rates. The effective thermal conductivity of PCMs can be improved by forming small macrocapsules of PCM and enhancing convective heat transfer by submerging them in a liquid. A novel encapsulation procedure for high-temperature PCMs that can be used for thermal energy storage (TES) systems in CSP plants is being developed at USF. When incorporated in a TES system, these PCMs can reduce the system costs to much lower rates than currently used systems. Economical encapsulation is achieved by using a novel electroless deposition technique. Preliminary results are presented and the factors that are being considered for process optimization are discussed.
Automated motion sensor quantification of gait and lower extremity bradykinesia (2012)

The objective was to develop and evaluate algorithms for quantifying gait and lower extremity bradykinesia in patients with Parkinson's disease using kinematic data recorded on a heel-worn motion sensor unit. Subjects were evaluated by three movement disorder neurologists on four domains taken from the Movement Disorders Society Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale while wearing the motion sensor unit. Multiple linear regression models were developed based on the recorded kinematic data and clinician scores and produced outputs highly correlated to clinician scores with an average correlation coefficient of 0.86. The newly developed models have been integrated into a home-based system for monitoring Parkinson's disease motor symptoms.
Quantum Dot Thin-Films as Rugged, High-Performance Photocathodes (2017)

Typical use of colloidal quantum dots (QDs) as bright, tunable phosphors in real applications relies on engineering of their surfaces to suppress the loss of excited carriers to surface trap states or to the surrounding medium. Here, we explore the utility of QDs in an application that actually exploits their propensity toward photoionization, namely within efficient and robust photocathodes for use in next-generation electron guns. In order to establish the relevance of QD films as photocathodes, we evaluate the efficiency of electron photoemission of films of a variety of compositions in a typical electron gun configuration. By quantifying photocurrent as a function of excitation photon energy, excitation intensity and pulse duration, we establish the role of hot electrons in photoemission within the multiphoton excitation regime. We also demonstrate the effect of QD structure and film deposition methods on efficiency, which suggests numerous pathways for further enhancements. Finally, we show that QD photocathodes offer superior efficiencies relative to standard copper cathodes and are robust against degradation under ambient conditions.