gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Noise-predictive maximum likelihood (NPML) detection (1998)

Sequence detectors for the digital magnetic recording channel that are based on noise-predictive partial-response equalization are described. Called Noise-Predictive Maximum Likelihood (NPML) detectors, they arise by imbedding a noise prediction/whitening process into the branch metric computation of a Viterbi detector. NPML detectors can be realized in a form that allows RAM table look-up implementation of the imbedded feedback. Alternatively, the noise prediction/whitening mechanism can be implemented as an infinite impulse response (IIR) filter. For a Lorentzian channel with operating points in the range 0.5<PW50/T<3.5, IIR predictors with at most two zeros and two poles offer the best possible performance. Simulation results obtained for Lorentzian channels show that a judicious tradeoff between performance and state complexity leads to practical schemes offering substantial performance gains over both PRML and extended PRML detectors. An important practical advantage of the family of NPML detectors is that they can be conveniently integrated into existing PRML architectures.
Decentralized Weighted Sum Rate maximization in MIMO-OFDMA femtocell networks (2011)

We propose a decentralized strategy for downlink interference management in overlaid MIMO femtocell-macrocell deployments operating in the same band under OFDMA access. The resource allocation, consisting of MIMO precoders at the macro base station (MBS) and femto access points (FAPs) and possibly the resource block (RB) assignment, is designed to maximize the Weighted Sum Rate (WSR) of the system. Being the overall problem non-convex, we propose to solve it in a decentralized way where each transmitter designs its resource allocation using interference prices exchanged with other transmitters (FAPs and MBS) by exploiting the wired backhaul connection. The problem includes a rate restriction per FAP that accounts for the limited bitrate provided by the Internet Service Provider (ISP) wired backhaul. Two efficient algorithms are provided for: 1) optimizing MIMO precoders and 2) optimizing both MIMO precoders and RB assignment. Numerical results compare decentralized strategies based on pricing exchange and on pure competition in dense FAP deployments.
Development of 3D Scroll Compressor and Its Application (2010)

Scroll compressor has been employed in various applications due to its advantages such as high efficiency and low vibration. For the purpose of further performance improvement in scroll compressor, the authors have developed a new conceptual three-dimensional compression mechanism (3D scroll) by adding an axial compression to the conventional radial compression. By realizing three-dimensional compression, which has been impossible for the conventional scroll, higher efficiency, higher reliability, and smaller size are achieved. Authors have taken advantages of these characteristics and developed 3D scroll compressors for commercial air-conditioner, heat pump water heater, gas engine heat pump, reefer truck refrigeration unit and automotive air-conditioner. The developed 3D scroll compressors archived substantial efficiency improvement and downsizing compared with the conventional compressor.
Mitigation of self‐interference and multi‐user interference in downlink multi‐user MIMO system (2017)

Here, the authors develop a method of simultaneous optimisation of precoder and equaliser for the multi‐user multiple‐input multiple‐output (MIMO) system by minimising outage probability. In order to do that, the authors first characterise the signal‐to‐interference‐plus‐noise ratio of downlink multi‐user MIMO system in the presence of both multi‐user interference and self‐interference. The closed‐form expression for the outage probability is derived in terms of the eigenvalues of an indefinite weight matrix of a quadratic norm. Next, the authors develop an active‐set algorithm‐based precoder and equaliser by minimising the derived outage probability expression. This work investigates the effect of various system parameters such as the number of users, the number of multi‐path channels, the number of transmitting and receiving antenna elements, and the additive noise variance on the outage probability and bit error rate. Simulation results validate the theoretical analysis for multiple system configurations. Lastly, the authors show that the designed precoder and equaliser improves the overall system performance.
RECENT DEVELOPMENTS IN FACIAL ANIMATION : AN INSIDE VIEW (1998)

We report on our recent facial animation work to improve the realism and accuracy of visual speech synthesis. The general approach is to use both static and dynamic observations of natural speech to guide the facial modeling. One current goal is to model the internal articulators of a highly realistic palate, teeth, and an improved tongue. Because our talking head can be made transparent, we can provide an anatomically valid and pedagogically useful display that can be used in speech training of children with hearing loss [1]. High-resolution models of palate and teeth [2] were reduced to a relatively small number of polygons for real-time animation [3]. For the improved tongue, we are using 3D ultrasound data and electropalatography (EPG) [4] with error minimization algorithms to educate our parametric B-spline based tongue model to simulate realistic speech. In addition, a high-speed algorithm has been developed for detection and correction of collisions, to prevent the tongue from p...
Glycine-Amide Is an Active Metabolite of the Antiretroviral Tripeptide Glycyl-Prolyl-Glycine-Amide (2004)

The chemically modified tripeptide glycyl-prolyl-glycine-amide (GPG-NH(2)) inhibits replication of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) type 1 (HIV-1) in vitro, probably by interfering with capsid formation. The aim of the present study was to determine whether the metabolites glycyl-proline (GP-OH), glycine (G-OH), prolyl-glycine-amide (PG-NH(2)), proline (P-OH), and glycine-amide (G-NH(2)) from proteolytic cleavage may inhibit the replication of HIV-1 in vitro. PG-NH(2) has previously been shown to have a modest effect on HIV-1 replication. In the present study we show that G-NH(2) exhibits a pronounced inhibitory effect on HIV-1. This effect was not due to a decrease in cell proliferation or viability and could not be shown for herpes simplex virus type 1. The G-NH(2) concentration that inhibited virus replication by 50% (IC(50)) was equimolar to that of GPG-NH(2) and ranged from 3 to 41 microM. Transmission electron microscopy revealed that the effect of G-NH(2) on HIV-1 morphology was equivalent to that of GPG-NH(2) and showed disarranged capsid structures, indicating interference with capsid formation. Serial passage of HIV-infected cells with G-NH(2) for more than 20 subcultivations did not decrease the susceptibility to the compound. The results from this study suggest that GPG-NH(2) might act as a prodrug and that G-NH(2) is an active antiretroviral metabolite.
HLA-DP and HLA-DO genes in presumptive HLA-identical siblings: structural and functional identification of allelic variation. (1987)

We analyzed HLA class II genomic polymorphisms in three families in which bone marrow transplantation was performed between individuals presumed to be HLA identical, but in which unexplained mixed lymphocyte culture reactivity was observed. These families were characterized by classical HLA serology, MLC, and DP typing. In each family, a pair of "HLA-identical" siblings demonstrated a small proliferative response in bidirectional MLC. Southern blotting analysis performed with cDNA probes for DQ alpha, DP alpha, and DP beta identified DP genomic differences in each case. Hybridization of Bgl II-digested genomic DNA with a DP alpha cDNA probe revealed three prominent polymorphic fragments (7.7, 5.8, and 3.7 kb), which discriminated between presumptive identical siblings and indicated crossover events within HLA. Similarly, hybridization of SstI-digested genomic DNA with a DP beta cDNA probe, although resulting in a more complex pattern, identified DP genomic disparity between the presumed HLA identical siblings. Hybridization of SstI-digested DNA from two families with evidence of DP recombination was performed by using an oligonucleotide probe specific for the newly described HLA class II gene DO beta. Two major polymorphic fragments, at 6.2 and 3.3 kb, segregated in these families and localized the crossovers flanking the DO beta gene between the DQ and DP loci. The contribution of the antigenic differences marked by these HLA DP and DO DNA polymorphisms to allorecognition in MLR and in graft-vs-host disease are discussed.
A Portable Vapor/Particle Sampler (1998)

The airborne particle and vapor phases of a volatile organic chemical (VOC) often coexist in the real workplace environment. Assessment of worker exposure to a VOC requires measuring not only the total airborne concentration but also the phase distribution because the deposition efficiency of the material in the respiratory tract will depend on the form in which it is inhaled. A prototype portable vapor/particle sampler (PVPS) has been designed for sampling and quantifying the phase distribution of volatile components in micrometer-sized airborne particles and coexisting gaseous phase based on differential inertia. The sampler was laboratory tested and validated. Tests included sampler performance assessment and comparison with current sampling methods for particles and organic vapors, i.e., glass fiber filter, charcoal sorbent tube, and diffusion monitors. The PVPS is a low-cost and lightweight device that can be driven by a single standard personal sampling pump. The mass quantities of materials collected by the sampler can be determined by standard analytical procedures. Combined with an appropriate size-selective inlet, the PVPS may be used as a personal inhalable or respirable volatile aerosol sampler for occupational VOC exposure assessment, especially in industrial, or household, spray work environments where the particle sizes are frequently large.
<title>Optical properties of barcode symbols for laser scanning</title> (1991)

Not all bar code symbols are alike. This paper will discuss the characteristics of bar code symbols which can make or break a bar code laser scanner''s performance in a specific application. These characteristics can be broken down into three catergories: Substrates " inks" ( inks toners dyes etc. ) and the light source used to read the symbol. The characteristics of the substrate can be further separated into three groups: the medium used the scattering properties of the the medium and overlaminates. Intrinsic properties of the medium can include " paper noise" resulting from the grain of paper metal grain or a retro-reflective background. Scattering characteristics cover angular distribution of the scattered light absolute scatter levels from the substrate internal scatter and specularly reflected light. Overlaminates contribute their own assets and liabilities in successfully choosing a scanner that will perform for all your needs. The inks used and the light source utilized work in conjunction with each other in determining the performance of a laser scanner. The spectral characteristics and composition of the ink determine which light source the scanner must employ to be used to successfully interpret the symbol. The three common light sources available in laser bar code scanners are helium-neon lasers visible laser diodes and infra-red laser diodes. Experimental data will be presented illustrating the optical properties discussedIbove.
Optimal Assistance for Object-Rearrangement Tasks in Augmented Reality (2020)

Augmented-reality (AR) glasses that will have access to onboard sensors and an ability to display relevant information to the user present an opportunity to provide user assistance in quotidian tasks. Many such tasks can be characterized as object-rearrangement tasks. We introduce a novel framework for computing and displaying AR assistance that consists of (1) associating an optimal action sequence with the policy of an embodied agent and (2) presenting this sequence to the user as suggestions in the AR system's heads-up display. The embodied agent comprises a "hybrid" between the AR system and the user, with the AR system's observation space (i.e., sensors) and the user's action space (i.e., task-execution actions); its policy is learned by minimizing the task-completion time. In this initial study, we assume that the AR system's observations include the environment's map and localization of the objects and the user. These choices allow us to formalize the problem of computing AR assistance for any object-rearrangement task as a planning problem, specifically as a capacitated vehicle-routing problem. Further, we introduce a novel AR simulator that can enable web-based evaluation of AR-like assistance and associated at-scale data collection via the Habitat simulator for embodied artificial intelligence. Finally, we perform a study that evaluates user response to the proposed form of AR assistance on a specific quotidian object-rearrangement task, house cleaning, using our proposed AR simulator on mechanical turk. In particular, we study the effect of the proposed AR assistance on users' task performance and sense of agency over a range of task difficulties. Our results indicate that providing users with such assistance improves their overall performance and while users report a negative impact to their agency, they may still prefer the proposed assistance to having no assistance at all.
An efficient subspace sampling framework for high-dimensional data reduction, selectivity estimation, and nearest-neighbor search (2004)

Data reduction can improve the storage, transfer time, and processing requirements of very large data sets. One of the challenges of designing effective data reduction techniques is to be able to preserve the ability to use the reduced format directly for a wide range of database and data mining applications. We propose the novel idea of hierarchical subspace sampling in order to create a reduced representation of the data. The method is naturally able to estimate the local implicit dimensionalities of each point very effectively and, thereby, create a variable dimensionality reduced representation of the data. Such a technique is very adaptive about adjusting its representation depending upon the behavior of the immediate locality of a data point. An important property of the subspace sampling technique is that the overall efficiency of compression improves with increasing database size. Because of its sampling approach, the procedure is extremely fast and scales linearly both with data set size and dimensionality. We propose new and effective solutions to problems such as selectivity estimation and approximate nearest-neighbor search. These are achieved by utilizing the locality specific subspace characteristics of the data which are revealed by the subspace sampling technique.
Multi-Core Fiber Channel Model and Core Dependent Loss Estimation (2018)

We propose a new Multi-Core Fiber channel model depending on the manufacturing parameters for Multi-Core Fiber configuration. Using this model, we derived a theoretical model with Gaussian distribution of the Core Dependent Loss.
A bench study of ventilation via two self‐assembled jet devices and the Oxygen Flow Modulator in simulated upper airway obstruction (2009)

In managing an obstructed upper airway, an emergency transtracheal ventilation device needs to function as a bidirectional airway, allowing both insufflation of oxygen and egress of gas. The aim of the present study was to determine the capability of two self-assembled, three-way stopcock based jet devices and the Oxygen Flow Modulator to function as a bidirectional airway in conjunction with a small lumen catheter. For each device the effective pressures at the catheter's tip during the expiratory phase and the achievable minute volumes were determined in a laboratory set-up. Using the three-way stopcock based jet devices, changing the connection position of the transtracheal catheter from the in-line port to the side port of the three-way stopcock resulted in a decrease of expiratory pressure at the catheter's tip from a dangerous mean (SD) of 71.1 (0.08) cmH(2)O to -14.71 (0.05) cmH(2)O. Yet this negative expiratory pressure did not facilitate the egress of gas. All devices tested impeded the expiratory outflow and hence decreased the achievable minute volume. This decrease in minute volume was smallest with the Oxygen Flow Modulator.
Tomographic sensing and localization of fluorescently labeled circulating cells in mice<i>in vivo</i> (2012)

Sensing and enumeration of specific types of circulating cells in small animals is an important problem in many areas of biomedical research. Microscopy-based fluorescence in vivo flow cytometry methods have been developed previously, but these are typically limited to sampling of very small blood volumes, so that very rare circulating cells may escape detection. Recently, we described the development of a 'diffuse fluorescence flow cytometer' (DFFC) that allows sampling of much larger blood vessels and therefore circulating blood volumes in the hindlimb, forelimb or tail of a mouse. In this work, we extend this concept by developing and validating a method to tomographically localize circulating fluorescently labeled cells in the cross section of a tissue simulating optical flow phantom and mouse limb. This was achieved using two modulated light sources and an array of six fiber-coupled detectors that allowed rapid, high-sensitivity acquisition of full tomographic data sets at 10 Hz. These were reconstructed into two-dimensional cross-sectional images using Monte Carlo models of light propagation and the randomized algebraic reconstruction technique. We were able to obtain continuous images of moving cells in the sample cross section with 0.5 mm accuracy or better. We first demonstrated this concept in limb-mimicking optical flow photons with up to four flow channels, and then in the tails of mice with fluorescently labeled multiple myeloma cells. This approach increases the overall diagnostic utility of our DFFC instrument.
Text as Neural Operator:Image Manipulation by Text Instruction (2021)

n recent years, text-guided image manipulation has gained increasing attention in the multimedia and computer vision community. The input to conditional image generation has evolved from image-only to multimodality. In this paper, we study a setting that allows users to edit an image with multiple objects using complex text instructions to add, remove, or change the objects. The inputs of the task are multimodal including (1) a reference image and (2) an instruction in natural language that describes desired modifications to the image. We propose a GAN-based method to tackle this problem. The key idea is to treat text as neural operators to locally modify the image feature. We show that the proposed model performs favorably against recent strong baselines on three public datasets. Specifically, it generates images of greater fidelity and semantic relevance, and when used as a image query, leads to better retrieval performance.
Elaboration of High-grade Chloramine from Ternary and Quaternary Ammoniacal Combinations and Hypochlorite at 100 Chlorometric Degrees (1999)

L. Peyrot, C. Duriche, M. Elkhatib and H. Delalu, J. Chem. Res. (S), 1999, 358 DOI: 10.1039/A901815H
Optical fiber with an acoustic guiding layer for stimulated Brillouin scattering suppression (2005)

Experimental results are presented demonstrating significant suppression of stimulated Brillouin scattering (SBS) in a specially designed fiber structure. SBS suppression is achieved using an acoustic guiding layer surrounding an optical core.
<title>Holographic storage: not a device, but a storage class</title> (1993)

Multimedia and image oriented use of computers is placing new requirements on mass storage. In attempting to address these needs holographic storage devices are being considered because of their image nature. Holographic storage is not just a single storage device, but is an entire class of storage. This paper lists the distinguishing features of this storage class and presents a taxonomy of its various forms. These forms are then assessed with respect to various emerging applications such as high resolution image data bases, video storage, scientific data capture, interactive animation, and multimedia library distribution.
Transformation of focus profiles for digital autofocus (2015)

A focus profile model is used to estimate the in-focus lens position so that a sharp image or video can be captured. In this paper, we propose an approach that transforms a wide variety of focus profiles generated by different focus measurement techniques into an analytic form and thereby converts the search of in-focus lens position into a mathematically tractable problem, resulting in a wide effective range and efficient image acquisition. An important feature of the approach is that it does not require any knowledge of the focus measurement technique used in a camera. Experimental results, including demo videos, are provided to demonstrate the effectiveness of the approach.
Automatic segmentation of ablation lesions and termination of the image acquisition/analysis process (2011)

Automate the processes of ablation lesion imaging and delineation in order to make them non-expert user friendly.
Holographic multivergence target for subjective measurement of the spherical power error of the human eye (2003)

We have fabricated a single hologram with which to determine the spherical refractive error of the human eye in the range 5 to -2.5 diopters (D) with an accuracy of +/-0.25 D in a single step. The amplitude of accommodation is determined at the same time. The hologram is a record of 16 targets, each of which has a different image vergence in the range 5 to -2.5 D in steps of 0.5 D. This idea can be applied readily to any dioptric range. The measurement method is simple, fast, and reliable.
Clustering of genes involved in replication, copy number control, incompatibility, and stable maintenance of the resistance plasmid R1drd-19 (1979)

Plasmid R1drd-19 is present in a small number of copies per cell of Escherichia coli. The plasmid was reduced in size by in vivo as well as in vitro (cloning) techniques, resulting in a series of plasmid derivatives of different molecular weight. All plasmids isolated contain a small region (about 2 x 10(6) daltons of deoxyribonucleic acid) of the resistance transfer factor part of the plasmid located close to one of the IS1 sequences that separates the resistance transfer factor part from the resistance determinant. All these derivatives were present at the same copy number, retained the incompatibility properties of plasmid R1drd-19, and were stably maintained during cell division. Genes mutated to yield copy mutations also were found to be located in the same region.