gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
AUV Propulsion and Maneuvering by Means of Asymmetric Thrust (2018)

We present an Asymmetric Propulsion System (APS) capable of generating both forward thrust and a lateral turning moment by means of a single-bladed propeller [1]. At constant rotational speeds, forward thrust is provided in the same manner as a symmetrical multi-bladed propeller. By varying the instantaneous rotational speed throughout each revolution, an off-axis thrust bias can be generated. We demonstrate how this can be used to control and maneuver an underwater robot and discuss its advantages and applications to autonomous underwater vehicle (AUV) design and operation.
Reduction of 6-ketones of the morphine series with formamidinesulfinic acid. Stereoselectivity opposite to that of hydride reductions (1976)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTReduction of 6-ketones of the morphine series with formamidinesulfinic acid. Stereoselectivity opposite to that of hydride reductionsNithiananda Chatterjie, Jason G. Umans, and Charles E. InturrisiCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1976, 41, 22, 3624–3625Publication Date (Print):October 1, 1976Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 October 1976https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo00884a033https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00884a033research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views122Altmetric-Citations9LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Effiziente Pyrazolsynthese durch eine oxidative C‐C/N‐N‐Bindungsknüpfungskaskade (2010)

Goldener Schnitt: In einem neuen Verfahren zur Synthese tetrasubstituierter Pyrazole werden Enamine und Nitrile über eine oxidative C-C/N-N-Kupplungskaskade in guten Ausbeuten zu Pyrazolen umgesetzt (siehe Schema). Die gute Verfügbarkeit der Ausgangsverbindungen, die einfache Reaktionsführung und Aufarbeitung sowie das vollständige Umgehen von Hydrazinreagentien machen diese Methode sehr attraktiv.
Biotechnological sulphide removal with oxygen (1989)

This thesis deals with the development of a new process for biotechnological sulphide removal from wastewater, in which it is attempted to convert sulphide into elemental sulphur by colourless sulphur bacteria. The toxicity, corrosive properties, unpleasant odor and high oxygen demand of sulphide dictate stringent control of its release into the environment. The goals of the research were: development an efficient and reliable high rate treatment system for purification of sulphide containing wastewaters and assessment of the conditions that promote sulphur instead of sulphate formation.The newly developed biotechnological sulphide removal system accomplishes a removal rate and efficiency which at least is similar to that of other sulphide removal systems, which are based on the oxidation with air. Application of the system is possible in the pH range 6.5 - 9.0 and in a temperature range of approximately 15 - 40 °C.At least two types of sulphide oxidizing bacteria were found, viz. a sulphate producing (type A) and a sulphur producing bacteria (type B). Type A is inhibited by sulphide and type B by oxygen. As the conversion of sulphide into sulphur is the main aim of the system, growth of type B should be stimulated. This can be accomplished by imposing high sulphide loading rates (>200 mg/l.h) and maintaining low oxygen concentrations (< 4 mg/l). The growth yield of type B (0.3 g DS/mol S) is lower than that of type A (3 g DS/mol S), and therefore little biological sludge will be produced when sulphur is the end-product.The start-up of the system is fast, viz. 5 days in a CSTR (1% inoculum), when applying a sulphide influent concentration of 100 mg/l and a HRT of 22 minutes. The oxygen concentration should not exceed 4 mg/l, because inhibition of type B should be prevented.The noncatalyzed chemical sulphide oxidation (at oxygen concentration 4 mg/l) is considerably slower (75 times) than the biological sulphide oxidation at sulphide concentrations below 10 mg/l and about a factor 6 at sulphide concentrations up to 600 mg/l.In a sulphide reactor merely two groups of unwanted bacteria can develop, viz. bacteria that store the sulphur inside the cell and cause sludge bulking problems, like Thiothrix and bacteria that produce sulphide like Desulfuromonasacetoxidans (sulphur reducer) and Desulfobulbuspropionicus (sulphate reducer). Both groups of bacteria can only develop, when organic compounds are present in the wastewater. The problems caused by unwanted bacteria can be minimized by applying high sulphide loading rates (prevention of Thiothrix growth) and a high rotation speed (prevention of the sulphide producing bacteria). The sulphur reducing bacteria, present in the sludge, can use acetate but not propionate, while the sulphate reducing bacteria use propionate but not acetate.When the newly developed process is applied on anaerobically treated papermill wastewater using a biorotor reactor, a removal rate of 620 mg/l.h) at a removal efficiency of 95% is found at a HRT of 13 minutes, while only 8% of the sulphide is converted to sulphate.
Memristor-CMOS Analog Coprocessor for Acceleration of High-Performance Computing Applications (2018)

Vector matrix multiplication computation underlies major applications in machine vision, deep learning, and scientific simulation. These applications require high computational speed and are run on platforms that are size, weight, and power constrained. With the transistor scaling coming to an end, existing digital hardware architectures will not be able to meet this increasing demand. Analog computation with its rich set of primitives and inherent parallel architecture can be faster, more efficient, and compact for some of these applications. One such primitive is a memristor-CMOS crossbar array-based vector matrix multiplication. In this article, we develop a memristor-CMOS analog coprocessor architecture that can handle floating-point computation. To demonstrate the working of the analog coprocessor at a system level, we use a new electronic design automation tool called PSpice Systems Option, which performs integrated cosimulation of MATLAB/Simulink and PSpice. It is shown that the analog coprocessor has a superior performance when compared to other processors, and a speedup of up to 12 × when compared to projected GPU performance is observed. Using the new PSpice Systems Option tool, various application simulations for image processing and solutions to partial differential equations are performed on the analog coprocessor model.<?enlrg 3pt?>
DC-Based Immunotherapy Combined with Low-Dose Methotrexate Effective in the Treatment of Advanced CIA in Mice (2015)

We have previously demonstrated that semimature dendritic cell- (smDC-) based immunotherapy is effective for the treatment of collagen-induced arthritis (CIA) prior to disease onset. In the present study, we examined the efficacy of combination therapy with smDCs and methotrexate (MTX) in advanced CIA with a score of 2-3. Combination therapy with low-dose MTX and type II collagen- (CII-) pulsed smDCs (CII-smDCs) was more effective in inhibiting disease progression than high or low-dose MTX alone or a combination of high dose MTX and CII-smDCs. The effect of CII-smDCs alone was also comparable to the combination therapy. CD4(+)Foxp3(+) Treg populations and IL-10 secretion markedly increased, and CII-specific autoreactive T cells decreased in mice treated with CII-smDCs alone or in combination with MTX. Combination therapy reduced the secretion of interferon-γ (IFN-γ) and IL-17 with little influence on the IL-4 secretion in the mixed leukocyte reaction. These results imply that the combination therapy with low-dose MTX and smDCs is effective in controlling advanced CIA by enhancing Treg population and suppresses antigen-specific Th1/Th17 immunity, rather than initiating Th1 to Th2 immune deviation. Our findings provide a better understanding of the DC therapy in combination with MTX for the treatment of patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA).
Gradient-induced voltages on 12-lead ECGs during high duty-cycle MRI sequences and a method for their removal considering linear and concomitant gradient terms (2015)

Close agreement between theoretical and measured gradient-induced voltages allowed for real-time removal. Prospective estimation of sequence periods in which large induced voltages occur may allow hardware removal of these signals.
A novel technique for fabrication of fully depleted CMOS devices in ultra-thin SOI films (1989)

A novel technique which allows fabrication of CMOS devices in ultrathin silicon films without using the exotic source-drain metallization schemes has been developed. This technique, in the limit, will allow fabrication of devices in extremely thin (<50 nm) silicon films with relatively simple processing steps. The fabrication process starts with an SOI (silicon-on-insulator) substrate with a silicon film two to four times thicker than the final silicon thickness desired in the channel areas. LOCOS (local oxidation of silicon) with patterned Si/sub 3/N/sub 4/ oxidation mask followed by a wet oxide etch is used to thin the silicon film in the regions where transistor channels are to be located. This step also creates alignment marks for photolithography. Silicon film of the original higher thickness is retained in the nonchannel regions. Silicon mesas for n- and p-channel devices are formed next by aligning the mesa mask and plasma etching the silicon film. The fabrication process beyond this point follows standard mesa-isolated SOI CMOS fabrication. Fully depleted n-channel devices with submicrometer effective channel lengths were fabricated in SIMOX (separation by implantation of oxygen) substrates of original silicon thicknesses of 200 nm and characterized to illustrate the new technique.
A potent 2′ -O- methylated RNA-based microRNA inhibitor with unique secondary structures (2012)

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are involved in various biological processes and human diseases. The development of strong low-molecular weight inhibitors of specific miRNAs is thus expected to be useful in providing tools for basic research or in generating promising new therapeutic drugs. We have previously described the development of 'Tough Decoy (TuD) RNA' molecules, which achieve the long-term suppression of specific miRNA activity in mammalian cells when expressed from a lentivirus vector. In our current study, we describe new synthetic miRNA inhibitors, designated as S-TuD (Synthetic TuD), which are composed of two fully 2'-O-methylated RNA strands. Each of these strands includes a miRNA-binding site. Following the hybridization of paired strands, the resultant S-TuD forms a secondary structure with two stems, which resembles the corresponding TuD RNA molecule. By analyzing the effects of S-TuD against miR-21, miR-200c, miR-16 and miR-106b, we have elucidated the critical design features of S-TuD molecules that will provide optimum inhibitory effects following transfection into human cell lines. We further show that the inhibitory effects of a single transfection of S-TuD-miR200c are quite long-lasting (>7 days) and induce partial EMT, the full establishment of which requires 11 days when using a lentivirus vector that expresses TuD-miR200c continuously.
A Two-Stage Feature Selection Framework for Hyperspectral Image Classification Using Few Labeled Samples (2013)

Although the high dimensionality of hyperspectral data increases the separability of land covers, it is difficult to distinguish certain classes using only the spectral information due to the widespread mixed pixels and small sample size problems. Three-dimensional Gabor wavelet transform takes the entire hyperspectral data cube as a tensor, captures the joint spectral-spatial structures very well and has shown great potential to improve classification accuracies. However, much redundancy exists in the extracted huge amount of Gabor features, which inevitably degrades the efficiency of the method. To make matters worse, according to the Hughes phenomenon, the less informative bands/features may sacrifice the classification accuracy. In this paper, a two-stage feature selection framework, Affinity Propagation-Gabor-Conditional Mutual Information (abbreviated as AP-Gabor-CMI), is proposed to deal with the problems, which chooses the most important features before and after the Gabor wavelet-based feature extraction procedure. Specifically, the first stage picks out the most distinctive bands from the original hyperspectral data through complex wavelet structural similarity (CW-SSIM) index based affinity propagation clustering algorithm. After applying the Gabor wavelet-based feature extraction on the chosen bands, the second stage selects the most discriminative features from them by means of conditional mutual information-based feature ranking and elimination. Experimental results on three real hyperspectral data sets demonstrate the advantages of the proposed two-stage feature selection framework and the superiority of AP-Gabor-CMI over state-of-the-art methods when only few labeled samples per class are available.
Robust Dynamic Node Low Voltage Swing Domino Logic with Multiple Threshold Voltages (2006)

A new low voltage swing circuit technique based on a dual threshold voltage CMOS technology is presented in this paper for simultaneously reducing active and standby mode power consumption and enhancing evaluation speed and noise immunity in domino logic circuits. The proposed circuit technique modifies both the upper and lower boundaries of the voltage swing at the dynamic node. Meanwhile, full voltage swing signals are maintained at inputs and outputs for robust and high speed operation. Power supply, ground, and threshold voltages are simultaneously optimized to minimize the power-delay product (PDP). The proposed technique reduces the PDP by up to 51.9% as compared to the standard full-swing circuits in a 45nm CMOS technology. The active mode power consumption is reduced by up to 40.4% due to the lower switching power required to charge/discharge the dynamic node. Furthermore, the evaluation speed and noise immunity are enhanced by up to 19.4% and 39.1%, respectively, as compared to the standard full-swing circuits. The proposed low swing technique also reduces the idle mode leakage power consumption of high fan-in domino gates by up to 84.2%.
Association of <scp>interleukin</scp>‐1 gene variations with moderate to severe chronic periodontitis in multiple ethnicities (2014)

This study validated the influence of IL-1 genetic factors on the severity of chronic periodontitis in four different ethnicities.
Parallel channel interleavers for 3GPP2/UMB (2008)

The design of efficient parallel pruned channel interleavers for 3GPP2 ultra mobile broadband (UMB) standard is considered. Channel interleaving in UMB is based on a bit-reversal algorithm in which addresses get mapped from linear order into bit-reversed order. To accommodate for variable packet lengths L, interleaving is done using a mother interleaver length of M = 2 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">n</sup> , where n is the smallest integer that satisfies L les M, such that outlier interleaved addresses greater than L-1 get pruned away. Pruning creates a serial bottleneck since the interleaved address of a linear address x is now a function of the interleaving operation as well as the number of pruned addresses up to x. A generic parallel lookahead pruned (PLP) interleaving scheme that breaks this dependency is proposed. The efficiency of the proposed scheme is demonstrated in the context of UMB channel interleavers in this paper, and in the context of UMB turbo interleavers in a separate work . An iterative pruned bit-reversal algorithm that interleaves any address in O(log L) steps is presented. A parallel architecture of the proposed algorithm employing simple logic gates and having a short critical path delay is also presented. The proposed algorithm and architecture are valuable in reducing (de-)interleaving latency in emerging wireless standards that employ pruned bit-reversal channel (de-)interleaving in their PHY layer such as UMB.
Aluminum based alkaline battery (1993)

A battery is provided comprising an aluminum anode, an alkali aqueous solution of controlled concentration and temperature and a second electrode operates with high anode efficiency.
A NEW WAY TO LOOK AT TRAFFIC INCIDENTS (1996)

Loop detectors and other sensors as used today in traffic management systems often provide less than adequate detection of traffic incidents. The primary reason is that the sensors / systems attempt to detect congestion that infers the presence of an incident rather than directly detecting the same. The purpose of this paper is to present the results of research into a revolutionary approach to traffic monitoring with rapid incident detection as a focus. The methodologies are based upon image processing techniques which directly detect traffic incidents. This method may be used within an ATMS infrastructure to IMMEDIATELY, AUTOMATICALLY, and RELIABLY produce an incident alarm in the form of a video image at an operator's station, in daylight or dark and good weather or poor, showing the scene in which an incident has been detected with the detected anomaly surrounded by a colored box. Further work in this area can lead to automatic classification of the severity of a detected incident or of the potential for further traffic hazards and injuries, etc. Certain traffic hazards which are accidents about to happen are also automatically detectable using these techniques, providing operators with opportunities to avoid potential accidents by rapid intervention.
Channel Estimation Using a Chirp Signal and the Fractional Fourier Transform (2020)

The Fractional Fourier Transform (FrFT) is a useful tool that has many applications, such as interference mitigation for communications and radar target echo separation. In this paper, we present a new use, which is estimating an unknown multipath channel, by sending a short chirp signal through the channel. The multiple received chirps in multipath are rotated to the proper FrFT dimension where they become high power tones, whose amplitudes and delays are easily estimated by determining which values in the rotated spectrum exceed a given threshold $\gamma$, which is also easily computed. These are then mapped back to the original time domain. This method is enabled because of the nature of the FrFT and its ability to pull signals, especially chirp signals, out of noise. We present the signal and multipath model, and then describe how the FrFT is used to obtain the channel estimates. Through simulations, we show that this is a very accurate method, providing root mean-square error (RMSE) estimates of both channel coefficients and delays at least an order magnitude below that of existing methods, even at signal-to-noise ratios (SNRs) as low as 0dB. It is also very low in complexity, because all coefficient amplitude and delays are estimated simultaneously with few computations; it therefore offers a promising channel estimation solution for existing and future terrestrial communications systems, including 4G/5G cellular systems requiring high data rate applications.
Imaging the Function of P-Glycoprotein With Radiotracers: Pharmacokinetics and In Vivo Applications (2009)

P-glycoprotein (P-gp), an efflux transporter, controls the pharmacokinetics of various compounds under physiological conditions. P-gp-mediated drug efflux has been suggested as playing a role in various disorders, including multidrug-resistant cancer and medication-refractory epilepsy. However, P-gp inhibition has had, to date, little or no clinically significant effect in multidrug-resistant cancer. To enhance our understanding of its in vivo function under pathophysiological conditions, substrates of P-gp have been radiolabeled and imaged using single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) and positron emission tomography (PET). To accurately quantify P-gp function, a radiolabeled P-gp substrate should be selective for P-gp, produce a large signal after P-gp blockade, and generate few radiometabolites that enter the target tissue. Furthermore, quantification of P-gp function via imaging requires pharmacological inhibition of P-gp, which requires knowledge of P-gp density at the target site. By meeting these criteria, imaging can elucidate the function of P-gp in various disorders and improve the efficacy of treatments.
Kidney-Targeted Epoxyeicosatrienoic Acid Analog, EET-F01, Reduces Inflammation, Oxidative Stress, and Cisplatin-Induced Nephrotoxicity (2021)

Although epoxyeicosatrienoic acid (EET) analogs have performed well in several acute and chronic kidney disease models, targeted delivery of EET analogs to the kidney can be reasonably expected to reduce the level of drug needed to achieve a therapeutic effect and obviate possible side effects. For EET analog kidney-targeted delivery, we conjugated a stable EET analog to folic acid via a PEG-diamine linker. Next, we compared the kidney targeted EET analog, EET-F01, to a well-studied EET analog, EET-A. EET-A or EET-F01 was infused i.v. and plasma and kidney tissue collected. EET-A was detected in the plasma but was undetectable in the kidney. On the other hand, EET-F01 was detected in the plasma and kidney. Experiments were conducted to compare the efficacy of EET-F01 and EET-A for decreasing cisplatin nephrotoxicity. Cisplatin was administered to WKY rats treated with vehicle, EET-A (10 mg/kg i.p.) or EET-F01 (20 mg/kg or 2 mg/kg i.p.). Cisplatin increased kidney injury markers, viz., blood urea nitrogen (BUN), N-acetyl-β-(D)-glucosaminidase (NAG), kidney injury molecule-1 (KIM-1), and thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS). EET-F01 was as effective as EET-A in decreasing BUN, NAG, KIM-1, TBARS, and renal histological injury caused by cisplatin. Despite its almost 2×-greater molecular weight compared with EET-A, EET-F01 was comparably effective in decreasing renal injury at a 10-fold <i>w</i>/<i>w</i> lower dose. EET-F01 decreased cisplatin nephrotoxicity by reducing oxidative stress and inflammation. These data demonstrate that EET-F01 targets the kidney, allows for a lower effective dose, and combats cisplatin nephrotoxicity. In conclusion, we have developed a kidney targeted EET analog, EET-F01, that demonstrates excellent potential as a therapeutic for kidney diseases.