gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A microfluidic device for simultaneous electrical and mechanical measurements on single cells (2011)

This paper presents a microfluidic device for simultaneous mechanical and electrical characterization of single cells. The device performs two types of cellular characterization (impedance spectroscopy and micropipette aspiration) on a single chip to enable cell electrical and mechanical characterization. To investigate the performance of the device design, electrical and mechanical properties of MC-3T3 osteoblast cells were measured. Based on electrical models, membrane capacitance of MC-3T3 cells was determined to be 3.39±1.23 and 2.99±0.82 pF at the aspiration pressure of 50 and 100 Pa, respectively. Cytoplasm resistance values were 110.1±37.7 kΩ (50 Pa) and 145.2±44.3 kΩ (100 Pa). Aspiration length of cells was found to be 0.813±0.351 μm at 50 Pa and 1.771±0.623 μm at 100 Pa. Quantified Young's modulus values were 377±189 Pa at 50 Pa and 344±156 Pa at 100 Pa. Experimental results demonstrate the device's capability for characterizing both electrical and mechanical properties of single cells.
<i>Bacillus </i><i>g</i><i>lobigii</i> Bugbeads:  A Model Simulant of a Bacterial Spore (2004)

Nonpathogenic microorganisms are often used as simulants of biological pathogens during the initial phase of detection method development. While these simulants approximate the size, shape, and cellular organization of the microorganism of interest, they do not resemble its surface protein content, a factor particularly important in methods based on immunorecognition. Here, we develop and detect an artificial bacterial spore--B. globigii (BG) Bugbead-a particle mimicking the antigenic surface of BG spores. Two methods of spore protein extraction were compared both quantitatively (by protein concentration assay) and qualitatively (by SDS-PAGE and Western blot): extraction by mechanical disruption and extraction by chemical decoating. The former method was more efficient in producing more protein and a greater number of antigens. BG Bugbeads were made by conjugating the extracted proteins to 0.8-microm carboxyl-coated polystyrene particles via carbodiimide coupling. BG Bugbeads were successfully detected by a bead-based enzyme-labeled immunoassay with fluorescence detection with a detection limit of 6.9 x 10(3) particles/mL. Formation of the Bugbead-capture bead complex was confirmed by ESEM. The concept of a harmless artificial spore can be applied to developing improved simulants for pathogenic spore-forming microorganisms such as B. anthracis, C. botulinum, and B. cereus, which can to be used for method validation, instrument calibration, and troubleshooting.
Cross-Project Transfer Representation Learning for Vulnerable Function Discovery (2018)

Machine learning is now widely used to detect security vulnerabilities in the software, even before the software is released. But its potential is often severely compromised at the early stage of a software project when we face a shortage of high-quality training data and have to rely on overly generic hand-crafted features. This paper addresses this cold-start problem of machine learning, by learning rich features that generalize across similar projects. To reach an optimal balance between feature-richness and generalizability, we devise a data-driven method including the following innovative ideas. First, the code semantics are revealed through serialized abstract syntax trees (ASTs), with tokens encoded by Continuous Bag-of-Words neural embeddings. Next, the serialized ASTs are fed to a sequential deep learning classifier (Bi-LSTM) to obtain a representation indicative of software vulnerability. Finally, the neural representation obtained from existing software projects is then transferred to the new project to enable early vulnerability detection even with a small set of training labels. To validate this vulnerability detection approach, we manually labeled 457 vulnerable functions and collected 30 000+ nonvulnerable functions from six open-source projects. The empirical results confirmed that the trained model is capable of generating representations that are indicative of program vulnerability and is adaptable across multiple projects. Compared with the traditional code metrics, our transfer-learned representations are more effective for predicting vulnerable functions, both within a project and across multiple projects.
Lattice Effects on the Magnetoresistance in Doped LaMn<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mml:mrow><mml:msub><mml:mrow><mml:mi mathvariant="normal">O</mml:mi></mml:mrow><mml:mrow><mml:mn>3</mml:mn></mml:mrow></mml:msub></mml:mrow></mml:math> (1995)

A detailed study of doped LaMn${\mathrm{O}}_{3}$ with fixed carrier concentration reveals a direct relationship between the Curie temperature ${T}_{c}$ and the average ionic radius of the La site $〈{r}_{A}〉$, which is varied by substituting different rare earth ions for La. With decreasing $〈{r}_{A}〉$, magnetic order and significant magnetoresistance occur at lower temperatures with increasing thermal hysteresis, and the magnitude of the magnetoresistance increases dramatically. These results show that the notion of ``double exchange'' must be generalized to include changes in the Mn-Mn electronic hopping parameter as a result of changes in the Mn-O-Mn bond angle.
A novel approach to medical image compression (2006)

As medical/biological imaging facilities move towards complete film-less imaging, compression plays a key role. Although lossy compression techniques yield high compression rates, the medical community has been reluctant to adopt these methods, largely for legal reasons, and has instead relied on lossless compression techniques that yield low compression rates. The true goal is to maximise compression while maintaining clinical relevance and balancing legal risk. This paper proposes a novel model-based compression technique that makes use of clinically relevant regions as defined by radiologists. Lossless compression is used in these clinically relevant regions, and lossy compression is used everywhere else.
Rapalogs and mTOR inhibitors as anti-aging therapeutics (2013)

Rapamycin, an inhibitor of mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR), has the strongest experimental support to date as a potential anti-aging therapeutic in mammals. Unlike many other compounds that have been claimed to influence longevity, rapamycin has been repeatedly tested in long-lived, genetically heterogeneous mice, in which it extends both mean and maximum life spans. However, the mechanism that accounts for these effects is far from clear, and a growing list of side effects make it doubtful that rapamycin would ultimately be beneficial in humans. This Review discusses the prospects for developing newer, safer anti-aging therapies based on analogs of rapamycin (termed rapalogs) or other approaches targeting mTOR signaling.
PTEN expression is associated with prognosis for patients with advanced endometrial carcinoma undergoing postoperative chemotherapy (2002)

The prognostic significance of PTEN expression in endometrial carcinoma has not been clear. We conducted the present study to clarify the relationship between PTEN expression and prognosis in advanced endometrial carcinoma. Of 784 patients with endometrial carcinoma who underwent primary treatment between 1985 and 2000 at 5 institutions, 98 pure endometrioid carcinomas with retroperitoneal lymph node metastasis were provided for our study. PTEN expression was determined by immunohistochemic staining. Negative or mixed PTEN staining was observed in 64 (65.3%) patients. The survival rate for PTEN-positive patients was significantly higher than that for PTEN-negative or -mixed patients. PTEN-staining status was not associated with patient age, International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics (FIGO) stage, myometrial invasion or histologic grade. Of the 98 patients, 87 received radiation therapy (n = 25) or chemotherapy (n = 62) after surgery. PTEN expression did not relate to survival for patients receiving radiation therapy. In contrast, the survival rate for PTEN-positive cases was significantly higher than that for PTEN-negative or -mixed cases when patients underwent chemotherapy (62.4% vs. 11.8%). Subsequent multivariate analysis revealed that PTEN staining was an independent prognostic factor for patients undergoing chemotherapy. PTEN-positive staining was a significant prognostic indicator of favorable survival for patients with advanced endometrial carcinoma who underwent postoperative chemotherapy.
Talin-dependent integrin activation is required for fibrin clot retraction by platelets (2010)

Talin functions both as a regulator of integrin affinity and as an important mechanical link between integrins and the cytoskeleton. Using genetic deletion of talin, we show for the first time that the capacity of talin to activate integrins is required for fibrin clot retraction by platelets. To further dissect which talin functions are required for this process, we tested clot retraction in platelets expressing a talin1(L325R) mutant that binds to integrins, but exhibits impaired integrin activation ascribable to disruption of the interaction between talin and the membrane-proximal region (MPR) in the β-integrin cytoplasmic domain. Talin-deficient and talin1(L325R) platelets were defective in retracting fibrin clots. However, the defect in clot retraction in talin1(L325R) platelets, but not talin-deficient platelets, was rescued by extrinsically activating integrins with manganese, thereby proving that integrin activation is required and showing that talin1(L325R) can form functional links to the actin cytoskeleton.
Wounding enhances epidermal tumorigenesis by recruiting hair follicle keratinocytes (2011)

Chronic wounds and acute trauma constitute well-established risk factors for development of epithelial-derived skin tumors, although the underlying mechanisms are largely unknown. Basal cell carcinomas (BCCs) are the most common skin cancers displaying a number of features reminiscent of hair follicle (HF)-derived cells and are dependent on deregulated Hedgehog (Hh)/GLI signaling. Here we show, in a mouse model conditionally expressing GLI1 and in a model with homozygous inactivation of Ptch1, mimicking the situation in human BCCs, that the wound environment accelerates the initiation frequency and growth of BCC-like lesions. Lineage tracing reveals that both oncogene activation and wounding induce emigration of keratinocytes residing in the lower bulge and the nonpermanent part of the HFs toward the interfollicular epidermis (IFE). However, only oncogene activation in combination with a wound environment enables the participation of such cells in the initiation of BCC-like lesions at the HF openings and in the IFE. We conclude that, in addition to the direct enhancement of BCC growth, the tumor-promoting effect of the wound environment is due to recruitment of tumor-initiating cells originating from the neighboring HFs, establishing a link between epidermal wounds and skin cancer risk.
Burkitt's lymphoma: tumor lysis following malignant hyperthermia. (1980)

An adult patient with massive abdominal Burkitt's lymphoma developed malignant hyperthermia during exploratory laparotomy. Simultaneously, evidence of tumor lysis appeared. The lethal effect of heat on cancer cells has been amply demonstrated experimentally, and clinical trials of regional and whole-body hyperthermia in various human malignancies have appeared. Lymphomas have not been reported among those tumors studied. Burkitt's lymphoma, a rapidly growing tumor, is likely to respond to hyperthermia, and the evidence reported here should be pursued with controlled clinical trials involving induced hyperthermia in refractory malignant lymphomas.
Empirical performance evaluation of a fast authentication scheme in wireless access networks (2010)

Wireless access using contributed access points is fast becoming a reality. Technological means are now available for realizing this “anywhere anytime” low-cost wireless access whereby un-utilized wireless resources can be harnessed to form a collaborative network for public access. The success of such access facilities depend largely on the provisioning of fast authentication among the access points. This is crucial for supporting real-time applications such as Voice Over IP (VoIP). In our earlier work, we had developed an inter-domain fast authentication scheme based on the concept of “trust-clouds”. A trust-cloud is formed among neighbouring access points based on a relationship among the owners of the access points. Fast authentication among these inter-domain sites is achieved through cooperation among the trust-cloud members. In previous work, we theoretically formulated the concept of trust-clouds. In this paper we report on the implementation and experimental results of the “trust-clouds” fast authentication concept on legacy hardware. The experimental results verify that the trust-cloud framework can yield significant delay gains for the authentication process when handing off between administrative domains. It is also shown that no special computing platform is needed to achieve these benefits, indeed our testbed was implemented on low end hardware.
Electromagnetic and Dynamic Mechanical Properties of Epoxy and Vinylester-Based Composites Filled with Graphene Nanoplatelets (2016)

Development of epoxy or epoxy-based vinyl ester composites with improved mechanical and electromagnetic properties, filled with carbon-based nanomaterials, is of crucial interest for use in aerospace applications as radar absorbing materials at radio frequency. Numerous studies have highlighted the fact that the effective functional properties of this class of polymer composites are strongly dependent on the production process, which affects the dispersion of the nanofiller in the polymer matrix and the formation of micro-sized aggregations, degrading the final properties of the composite. The assessment of the presence of nanofiller aggregation in a composite through microscopy investigations is quite inefficient in the case of large scale applications, and in general provides local information about the aggregation state of the nanofiller rather than an effective representation of the degradation of the functional properties of the composite due to the presence of the aggregates. In this paper, we investigate the mechanical, electrical, and electromagnetic properties of thermosetting polymer composites filled with graphene nanoplatelets (GNPs). Moreover, we propose a novel approach based on measurements of the dielectric permittivity of the composite in the 8⁻12 GHz range in order to assess the presence of nanofiller aggregates and to estimate their average size and dimensions.
AIDS in Africa: a regional overview. (2000)

This document provides a regional overview on the AIDS epidemic in the African continent. A widespread difference between regions in the incidence of AIDS has been associated with the socioeconomic and cultural differences. The highest occurrence of AIDS was reported in the three-nation cluster of Namibia, Botswana, and Zimbabwe found in the region of sub-Saharan Africa. A specific subtype C of HIV-1 is transmitted easier through heterosexual intercourse, while mother-to-infant transmission had been the second most common mode of transmission. In the 1998 report of the UN Joint Programme on HIV/AIDS, the prevalence of AIDS was relatively moderate in central Africa, with a low occurrence of HIV-1 subtypes A, C, D, F, G, H, I, J, O, and U. Eastern Africa was found to have the HIV-1 subtypes A and D, with the subtype C making its existence known. Active government prevention programs and strong Islam influence had resulted in a minimal incidence of HIV transmission in western Africa. A rare, less infectious form HIV-2 had been discovered in western African nations like Senegal, Mauritania, and Cape Verde. Northern Africa thus far had eluded the level of devastation that inflicted the other regions, but with the large population of immigrant workers, sex tourism, and injection drug use, increasing incidence of HIV infection is making its presence felt. Government and nongovernmental organizations are making efforts in the prevention and education of those specifically at high risk for infection.
Ceric Ammonium Nitrate Catalyzed Oxidation of Sulfides to Sulfoxides (2007)

Oxidation of sulfides to sulfoxides with a catalytic amount of ceric ammonium nitrate (CAN) reagent supported on silica gel has been achieved. Stoichiometric sodium bromate is utilized as the primary oxidant to continue the catalytic cycle involving CAN. Solid-supported CAN reagent allowed us to avoid using aqueous reaction media generally employed in CAN-promoted reactions. This heterogeneous CAN/NaBrO3 reagent has simplified the reaction work-up and product isolation, produced higher product yields, and shortened reaction times compared to reactions with homogeneous CAN reagents employing aqueous media.
Pakistan Country Note : promoting greater regional integration in south Asia - opportunities for and role of the private sector in Pakistan (2004)

In spite of enormous physical and human resources, the South Asian region has economically suffered too much for too long due to the negative orientation, ignorance and follies of the political leaders. During the last three decades, while other economic regional blocks have made tremendous progress in their socio-economic development, the South Asian countries have miserably lagged behind. There is an urgent need for the political and trade leadership of South Asia to realize that war or confrontation is not an option and the only way to progress and prosper is through peaceful co-existence. If USA could allow MFN status to China whom it considered archenemy for five decades and Russia and USA having long standing conflicts in social, political and economic fields could become allies, what is restraining the countries of South Asia from economic integration? If the European nations, having a past full of tensions and conflicts can emerge as the most powerful economic block in the world why can't South Asia also become a vibrant and useful economic arrangement? For making the South Asian region economically integrated, India and Pakistan being the larger countries and nuclear powers, have a major responsibility for taking the lead for transforming the region into an economic block worthy of its physical and human potential. Given the required political will and active support of the private sector, this expectation can soon be materialized.
Cross Cultural Adaptation, Translation, Validation and Reliability Analysis of Gujarati Version of Hypertension Quality of Life Questionnaire (MINICHAL) (2021)

Introduction: The instruments used to measure QOL are useful methods of transforming subjective measurements into objective data that can be quantified and analyzed, and are also important for assessing the impact of health care interventions on patient’s HRQOL. The uses of a self-administered scale in a specific localize/native language would make research and the clinical management more effective. It is advised that a self-reported measure is translated and adapted to the appropriate culture before it is used with subjects whose first language is not English. A Guajarati version of Quality of Life (MINICHAL) in essential hypertension would provide Guajarati community opportunity to communicate more effectively with their therapist. The availability of a self-administered scale in their native language makes clinical management and research more effective. Methodology: In this observational study, 36 patients with essential hypertension from the Rajkot city included. MINICHAL-QOL was translated into Gujarati from English using Forward – Backward - Forward method. To ensure the face and content validity using group consensus method, each item was examined by group of 6 experts having mean experience of 8.78 years in the field of Physiotherapy. Result: The total value of intra-class correlation coefficient of test–retest reliability was 0.988. Reliability estimated by internal consistency estimated a Cronbach's alpha of 0.879. The translated Gujarati version of MINICHAL-QOL demonstrated good reliability and validity. In validity specifically face validity and content validity suggests valid tool which can be applicable in essential hypertensive patients. Conclusion: The results indicated that the Gujarati version of MINICHAL had been successfully translated from English to Gujarati. The translated Gujarati version of MINICHAL–QOL demonstrated good reliability and validity. So, it can be useful tools to measure quality of life in essential hypertensive patients specifically applicable for Gujarati population. Key words: Gujarati version, MINICHAL, Quality of Life, Reliability, Validity.
Flow cytometric detection of human red cells labeled with a fluorescent membrane label: potential application to in vivo survival studies (1991)

In vivo survival studies of human red cells (RBCs) are commonly carried out by using chromium-51 (51Cr), a gamma-emitting radionuclide, as the cell label. The effects of labeling human RBCs with PKH-2, a nonradioactive lipophilic fluorescent dye that binds to the cell membrane, and the feasibility of detecting the labeled cells by flow cytometric analysis were investigated. Optimal labeling, defined as maximum mean fluorescence intensity with minimal cell-to-cell variability in fluorescence intensity and minimal cell loss, was achieved with the use of 15.0 x 10(-6) M (15.0 x 10(-6) mol/L) PKH-2 and a cell concentration of 4.0 x 10(9) RBCs per mL. Both freshly drawn and stored RBCs could be labeled, but RBCs stored for more than 20 days did not take up the label as uniformly as fresher cells. Although labeling with PKH-2 did not interfere with the detection of ABO, Rh(D), or common minor RBC antigens by routine serologic methods, it resulted in a morphologic appearance resembling echinocytosis and an increased resistance to osmotic lysis by hypotonic saline. RBCs labeled by this method could be quantitated accurately in blood samples in which their proportion was 0.01 percent, or 1 labeled cell in 10,000 cells. This method holds promise as a simple, reliable, and sensitive method for the detection of labeled human RBCs, but the in vivo significance of the label's effects on cell morphology and osmotic fragility is not known. Further studies directly comparing PKH-2-labeled and 51Cr-labeled RBCs will be necessary to establish the accuracy of the former method in determining the in vivo survival of human RBCs.
Towards migrating security policies of virtual machines in Software Defined Networks (2015)

Virtual machine migration is an essential capability that supports cloud service elasticity. However, there is a big concern on what happens to the security policy associated with the migrated machine. Recently, Software Defined Networking (SDN) has gained momentum in both research and industry. It has shown great potential to be used in cloud data centers, particularly for inter-domains migration of virtual machines. In this paper, we propose a novel framework, to be deployed in an SDN environment that coordinates the mobility of the associated security policy along with the migrated virtual machine. We implemented our framework into a prototype application, called MigApp that runs on top of SDN controllers. Our application interacts with the virtual machine monitor and other instances of MigApp through messaging system to achieve security migration. In order to evaluate our framework, we integrate our application with the Floodlight controller and use it with a simulation environment.