gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
The androgen receptor gene GGN microsatellite and prostate cancer risk. (1998)

The androgen receptor (AR) gene contains a polymorphic GGN microsatellite in exon 1, which encodes polyglycine in the amino terminus of the AR. Previous work has shown that a polymorphic region of CAG repeats also in exon 1 is inversely related to the ability of the AR to transactivate other genes and to prostate cancer risk. We investigated whether AR gene GGN repeat length is related to prostate cancer in a nested study of 582 cases and 794 controls matched on age and smoking status in the Physicians' Health Study. DNA was prepared from archived blood. Using PCR, the region surrounding the GGN repeat was amplified. Fluorescence-labeled primers were used such that the fragment produced could be sized using polyacrylamide gels and Genescan software. We estimated odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals from logistic models controlling for the matching variables for the relation between GGN repeat length and total prostate cancer and by stage/grade and by age at diagnosis. Among controls, the most frequent GGN repeat lengths were 23 (53.5%) and 24 (34.0%), with a range of 10-29. There was no statistically significant difference in the mean GGN repeat length between cases (23.13) and controls (23.05). However, cases had a narrower spread of repeats lengths (parametric test, P = 0.03; nonparametric test, P = 0.07) than controls, with fewer extreme lengths in either direction. The risk of total prostate cancer was slightly increased for a GGN repeat length of 23 compared to all others (odds ratio, 1.20; 95% confidence interval 0.97-1.49); risk did not vary by tumor stage/grade. For every one repeat deviation in either direction from 23, the risk of prostate cancer decreased by 8% (P = 0.04). Although the AR gene GGN repeat probably plays only a modest role in prostate cancer, the observed relation of this repeat with prostate cancer risk supports the evaluation of the effect of GGN repeat length on AR transactivation.
Nested block decodable runlength-limited codes (2001)

Consider a (d/sub 1/, k/sub 1/)-runlength-limited (RLL) constraint that is contained in a (d/sub 2/, k/sub 2/)-RLL constraint, where k/sub 1//spl ges/2d/sub 1/ and d/sub 2/>0, and fix a codeword length q>k/sub 2/. It is shown that whenever there exist block-decodable encoders with codeword length q for those two constraints, there exist such encoders where one is a subgraph of the other: furthermore, both encoders can be decoded by essentially the same decoder. Specifically, a (d/sub 1/, k/sub 1/)-RLL constrained word is decoded by first using a block decoder of the (d/sub 2/, k/sub 2/)-RLL encoder, and then applying a certain function to the output of that decoder.
Normal-Dispersion Fiber Optical Parametric Chirped-Pulse Amplification (2018)

We demonstrate normal-dispersion fiber optical parametric chirped-pulse amplification pumped with high-power, chirped pulses and seeded with continuous-wave light. We generate 47 nJ, 1310 nm idlers compressible to 210 fs, and anticipate further energy scaling.
Sensitivity and resolution of evanescent microwave microscope (2006)

A near-field evanescent microwave microscope is based on a /spl lambda//4 coaxial TEM transmission-line resonator with a silver-plated tungsten tip extending through an end-wall aperture. This microwave microscope is used to characterize local electromagnetic properties of dielectrics, conductors, and superconductors. The resolution of the probe is verified experimentally by scanning etched gold lines on a sapphire substrate. A first-order sensitivity estimation generated from a unified equivalent circuit model of the probe and sample is investigated. The sensitivity inherent to the resonant probe and system noise is discussed. Experimental validation of sensitivity is given.
L<inf>1</inf>-regularized Cerenkov luminescence tomography with a SP<inf>3</inf> method and CT fusion (2011)

Imaging modality of radionuclides has been enriched by an optical approach, Cerenkov luminescence tomography (CLT). Referred to the traditional radionuclide imaging, such as positron emission tomography (PET) or single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT), any incremental improvement of CLT imaging is consistent with the application to information needs. In this contribution, the paper presents an l(1)-regularized imaging method for CLT problem. After utilizing the Vavilov-Cerenkov effect via third-order simplified spherical harmonics (SP(3)) approximation, we establish the large-scale linear equations in the CLT framework. The derived linear problem is seriously ill-posed, and transformed into an l(1)-regularized least squares program. The inverse solution to these equations is the three-dimensional radioisotope recovery data by an interior-point method. In the physical phantom and the in vivo mouse experiment, results demonstrate that the proposed technique produces better imaging quality and improves the reconstruction efficacy, compared with those from diffusion approximation with the Tikhonov regularization.
ChemInform Abstract: Ruthenium Catalysts Bearing Chelating Carboxylate Ligands: Application to Metathesis Reactions in Water. (2010)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
The computer assisted surgical trainer: design, models, and implementation (2014)

This paper describes a system developed to assist in model-based training of minimally invasive, laparoscopic procedures. The key factor motivating the development of the device called CAST (Computer-Assisted Surgical Trainer) is the need to improve the state-of-the-art in teaching laparoscopy, and ultimately achieve better surgical outcomes. CAST's design concept and architecture is presented with its major elements that facilitate guided (both haptic and visual) execution of tasks, performance assessment, and comparative analysis of results. Both software and hardware models and implementations are given. The system, while currently intended for off-line, laboratory use, has an excellent potential for real-time assistive functions in the operating room.
Chemically bonded phosphate ceramics for low-level mixed waste stabilization (1994)

Novel chemically bonded phosphate ceramics (CBPCs) are being developed and fabricated for low-temperature stabilization and solidification of mixed waste streams which are amenable to conventional high-temperature stabilization processes due to presence of volatiles such as heavy metal chloride and fluorides and/or pyrophorics in the wastes. Phosphates of Mg, Mg-Na and Zr are being developed as candidate matrix materials. In this paper, we present the fabrication procedures of phosphate waste forms using surrogates compositions of three typical mixed wastes streams -- ash, cement sludges, and salts. The performance of the final waste forms such as compression strength, leachability of the contaminants, durability in aqueous environment were conducted. In addition, parameteric studies have been conducted to establish the optimal waste loading in a particular binder system. Based on the results, we present potential applications in the treatment of various mixed waste streams.
A maximum-power-point-tracking control system for thermoelectric generators (2012)

The thermoelectric generator (TEG) is the predominant compact, solid-state heat engine. Effective utilization of a heat resource using a TEG requires maximizing its power output by interposing a regulated power converter between the source and load. In this work, a maximum-power-point-tracking system architecture is introduced that is compatible with efficient pulse-width modulated converter topologies. The control system, based on input voltage sampling, does not require a microcontroller or analog-to-digital converter and can be built with available discrete components. Measurement results of a demonstration SEPIC converter are presented, validating the concept.
Peripheral coupled waveguide traveling-wave electroabsorption modulator (2003)

We present the design and preliminary analysis of an efficient and wide bandwidth peripheral coupled waveguide traveling-wave electroabsorption modulator (PCW-TW-EAM), which aims to decouple the optical waveguide and the microwave transmission line. The optical waveguide mode of this device is designed to closely match to a single mode fiber mode for the ease of coupling. The waveguide has presently shown an optical propagation loss of /spl sim/2dB/mm at the modulation wavelength which is essential for wide bandwidth and high modulation efficiency to be achieved in the same design. Simulations indicate that equivalent V/sub /spl pi// less than 1V over a very large bandwidth can be obtained.
Experimental observation of short-pulse upshifted frequency microwaves from a laser-created overdense plasma (2002)

A short and frequency upshifted from a source microwave pulse is experimentally generated by the overdense plasma that is rapidly created by a laser. The source wave, whose frequency is 9 GHz, is propagating in the waveguide filled with tetrakis-dimethyl-amino-ethylene gas, which is to be converted to the overdense plasma by the laser. The detected frequency of the pulse is over 31.4 GHz and its duration is 10 ns. This technique has the potential for the generation of a tunable frequency source.
Allylic alkylation. Palladium-catalyzed substitutions of allylic carboxylates. Stereo- and regiochemistry (1980)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTAllylic alkylation. Palladium-catalyzed substitutions of allylic carboxylates. Stereo- and regiochemistryBarry M. Trost and Thomas R. VerhoevenCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1980, 102, 14, 4730–4743Publication Date (Print):July 1, 1980Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 July 1980https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00534a029https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00534a029research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views2895Altmetric-Citations257LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (1)»Supporting Information Supporting Information Get e-Alerts
Lithium Isotope Separation by Displacement Chromatography Using Cryptand Resin (1983)

KEYWORDS: isotope separationchemical exchangelithium isotopescryptand resincrown etherdisplacement chromatographyion exchangeseparation factorsdiazapolyoxa macrobicyclic ligandalkaline cations
A Novel Reagent for the Chemical Phosphorylation of Oligonucleotides (2004)

Abstract For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
The p53 Isoform Δ133p53β Promotes Cancer Stem Cell Potential (2015)

Cancer stem cells (CSC) are responsible for cancer chemoresistance and metastasis formation. Here we report that Δ133p53β, a TP53 splice variant, enhanced cancer cell stemness in MCF-7 breast cancer cells, while its depletion reduced it. Δ133p53β stimulated the expression of the key pluripotency factors SOX2, OCT3/4, and NANOG. Similarly, in highly metastatic breast cancer cells, aggressiveness was coupled with enhanced CSC potential and Δ133p53β expression. Like in MCF-7 cells, SOX2, OCT3/4, and NANOG expression were positively regulated by Δ133p53β in these cells. Finally, treatment of MCF-7 cells with etoposide, a cytotoxic anti-cancer drug, increased CSC formation and SOX2, OCT3/4, and NANOG expression via Δ133p53, thus potentially increasing the risk of cancer recurrence. Our findings show that Δ133p53β supports CSC potential. Moreover, they indicate that the TP53 gene, which is considered a major tumor suppressor gene, also acts as an oncogene via the Δ133p53β isoform.
Minimum strain energy waypoint-following controller for directional drilling using OGH curves (2011)

Directional drilling has become increasingly important as a means for better exploitation of oil and gas reservoirs as well as part of a drive to increase the level of automation in the industry. Typically, a well plan is created for a variety of reasons, such as maximizing productive drilling, minimizing well tortuosity, collision avoidance, or navigating the tool to strategic points within a pay zone. Following a nominal well plan created to satisfy these requirements whilst drilling leads to a clear need for automated trajectory-controlled drilling. This paper builds on the authors' earlier work on generalized attitude control of directional drilling to develop a path-following algorithm incorporating optimized geometric Hermite space curves as a means of generating the correction path from the instantaneous tool position to the well plan whilst minimizing the drillstring strain energy. The proposed scheme is tested in simulation and shown to perform satisfactorily for a typical set of drilling operating parameters for converging towards a target position and attitude.
Product for Coating Hydrophobic Surfaces to render them Protein Resistant while Permitting Covalent Attachment of Specific Ligands (1996)

Product for Coating Hydrophobic Surfaces to render them Protein Resistant while Permitting Covalent Attachment of Specific Ligands
Metal halogen electrochemical cell. [Zn or Cd/Br/sub 2/] (1978)

An improved aqueous metal--halogen electrochemical cell, particularly, a zinc bromide cell, contains a water-soluble tetraorgano-substituted ammonium salt in the electrolyte which forms a substantially water-insoluble liquid complex with cathodic halogen, and thereby reduces self-discharge of the cell. Particularly preferred as the ammonium salt is N-ethyl, N-methyl morpholinium bromide. 1 figure, 6 tables.
Instrument for measuring the momentum flux from atomic and charged particle jets (abstract) (1990)

We have developed an instrument to measure the momentum flux from an intense plasma stream for which the standard techniques used for low-pressure gases (&lt;10 Torr) at room temperature are unsuitable. This device, a plasma momentum meter, can measure forces of 10−5–103 Newtons with a response time of &lt;50 ms onto surfaces of different materials immersed in dense plasmas (n≳1012 cm−3). Such forces are transmitted predominantly by ionic and neutral species, with 10’s of eV’s of kinetic energy, are accompanied by high heat fluxes, and are pulsed. The momentum flux onto a biasable target plate is transferred via a suspended quartz tube onto a sensitive force transducer, a capacitance-type pressure gauge. This protects the transducer from thermal damage, arcing, and sputtering. An absolute force calibration of the PMM to 1% accuracy has been made and is described. A flat carbon target has been used in measurements of the momentum flux of He, Ne, Ar, and Kr plasmas produced in a magnetized linear plasma device.
Ruthenium(<scp>ii</scp>) complexes of pyridinol and N-heterocyclic carbene derived pincers as robust catalysts for selective carbon dioxide reduction (2017)

A new pincer ligand with N-heterocyclic carbene (NHC) and 4-pyridinol-derived rings supports ruthenium complexes for photocatalytic CO<sub>2</sub> reduction. The methoxy group on the pyridine ring offers unique catalysis advantages not seen with the unsubstituted analog. Our best catalyst offers selective CO formation, ∼250 turnover cycles, and a 40 h lifetime.
Microbially Driven Fenton Reaction for Transformation of Pentachlorophenol (1999)

A microbially driven transformation system was developed for the oxidative degradation of pentachlorophenol (PCP). The system was based on a free radical-generating Fenton reaction between bacterially produced Fe(II) and H2O2. The Fe(III)-reducing, facultative anaerobe Shewanella putrefaciens strain 200 was used as a catalyst for both Fe(III) reduction and H2O2 production by alternating between anaerobic and aerobic conditions in liquid batch cultures supplemented with Fe(III). The highest observed PCP degradation rate was approximately 0.31 μM h-1. Tetrachlorohydroquinone (TCHQ) and tetrachlorocatechol (TCC) were formed as the principal PCP transformation products, indicating that PCP oxidation proceeded via hydroxyl radical (•OH) attack on the ortho and para positions of the aromatic ring. PCP was degraded, and TCHQ and TCC were produced in a chemically driven (biomimetic) system where H2O2 and Fe(II) were supplied at concentrations comparable to those detected in the microbially driven system. PCP was not degraded (and PCP transformation products were not produced) in a set of control experiments that included (i) the presence of Fe(II)-chelating agents or radical scavenging compounds, (ii) strict aerobic or anaerobic conditions, (iii) the substitution of NO3- for Fe(III) as anaerobic electron acceptor, and (iv) the omission of S. putrefaciens. The microbially driven Fenton reaction system operated at neutral pH and required neither addition of exogenous H2O2 nor UV irradiation to regenerate Fe(II). The newly developed system may provide the basis for novel Fenton-type bioremediation strategies.
Neutrophils use both shared and distinct mechanisms to adhere to selectins under static and flow conditions. (1995)

Both P-selectin glycoprotein ligand-1 (PSGL-1) and L-selectin are localized on the microvilli of neutrophils and have been implicated in the attachment of neutrophils to P-selectin or E-selectin. We directly compared the attachment and rolling of neutrophils on P-selectin and E-selectin under flow, with emphasis on the functions of PSGL-1 and L-selectin. Flowing neutrophils attached more avidly and rolled at lower velocities on P-selectin than on E-selectin at matched densities. Studies with purified molecules indicated that P-selectin and E-selectin bound to a related site on PSGL-1 that overlapped the epitope for the anti-PSGL-1 mAb PL1. E-selectin bound with lower affinity than P-selectin to this site and also bound to an additional site(s) on PSGL-1.PL1 abolished adhesion of neutrophils to P-selectin under shear or static conditions, whereas DREG-56, a mAb to L-selectin, had no effect on adhesion to P-selectin. PL1 inhibited attachment of neutrophils to E-selectin under flow but not static conditions. DREG-56 also inhibited attachment of flowing neutrophils to E-selectin, and a combination of DREG-56 and PL1 nearly eliminated attachment to E-selectin under flow. These data suggest that PSGL-1 functions cooperatively with L-selectin to mediate optimal attachment of flowing neutrophils to E-selectin but not to P-selectin. Neutrophils attach more efficiently and with greater strength to P-selectin, perhaps because of the higher affinity of P-selectin for the PL1-defined site on PSGL-1.
Genome engineering in Bacillus anthracis using tyrosine site-specific recombinases (2017)

Tyrosine site-specific recombinases (T-SSR) are polynucleotidyltransferases that catalyze cutting and joining reactions between short specific DNA sequences. We developed three systems for performing genetic modifications in Bacillus anthracis that use T-SSR and their cognate target sequences, namely Escherichia coli bacteriophage P1 Cre-loxP, Saccharomyces cerevisiae Flp-FRT, and a newly discovered IntXO-PSL system from B. anthracis plasmid pXO1. All three tyrosine recombinase systems were used for creation of a B. anthracis sporulation-deficient, plasmid-free strain deleted for ten proteases which had been identified by proteomic analysis as being present in the B. anthracis secretome. This strain was used successfully for production of various recombinant proteins, including several that are candidates for inclusion in improved anthrax vaccines. These genetic tools developed for DNA manipulation in B. anthracis were also used for construction of strains having chromosomal insertions of 1, 2, or 3 adjacent atxA genes. AtxA is a B. anthracis global transcriptional regulator required for the response of B. anthracis virulence factor genes to bicarbonate. We found a positive correlation between the atxA copy number and the expression level of the pagA gene encoding B. anthracis protective antigen, when strains were grown in a carbon dioxide atmosphere. These results demonstrate that the three T-SSR systems described here provide effective tools for B. anthracis genome editing. These T-SSR systems may also be applicable to other prokaryotes and to eukaryotes.
Bandwidth limitations of broadband distributed Raman fiber amplifiers for WDM systems (2002)

Pump interactions have been identified as a limiting factor for the gain bandwidth product of broadband distributed Raman fiber amplifiers. With respect to distributed Raman gain, it is more advantageous to add WDM channels at wavelengths above C+L band rather than below.
Piezoelectric matrix-assisted ionization (2018)

We have developed a new actuation method for matrix-assisted ionization with good temporal and spatial resolution using piezoelectric cantilever. A strike from the piezoelectric bimorph cantilever on a thin metal foil was used to remove materials deposited on the opposite side facing the mass spectrometer inlet. Highly charged ions of peptides and proteins were generated from dried droplet deposits and sampled into the inlet of the mass spectrometer. A lateral resolution of 1 mm was obtained with the piezoelectric sampling configuration. Singly charged lipids and gangliosides were detected from tissue with piezoelectric matrix-assisted ionization using a silica nanoparticle co-matrix.
Acousto-Fluidic Drivers for Use with Active Noise Conrol Systems (1995)

This paper describes the operation of acousto-fluidic amplifiers and the requirements analysis conducted for a feasibility demonstration of the use of light weight acoustofluidic amplifiers to generate the acoustic power necessary to produce the anti-sound needed to actively reduce the blade passage frequency tones radiated out of the inlet ofa moderate bypass Pratt and Whitney JT15D turbofan engine. Using a single acousto-fluidic driver comprised of eight fluidic modules with a measured bandwidth of over 5kHz, each of which delivered 5.7 watts of acoustic power, a 7dB reduction of the primary BPF frequency tone at 2412 Hz was demonstrated. Power requirements for an array of twelve such drivers operating off compressor bleed would be minimal as they would only consume approximately 0.5 percent of the available compressor flow.