gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 is induced on endothelium during acute rejection in human cardiac allografts. (1993)

An infiltration of mononuclear leukocytes into the myocardium of a cardiac allograft is diagnostic of transplant rejection. The presence of these leukocytes implies their adhesion to, and subsequent migration through, the vascular endothelium. Intercellular adhesion molecule-1 and vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 are endothelial proteins that have been shown to be involved in the binding of mononuclear leukocytes to the endothelium in vitro. We investigated the induction of these proteins in a random series from 99 endomyocardial biopsy specimens obtained from 1 week to 4 years after cardiac allograft transplantation. Intercellular adhesion molecule-1 was found to be expressed constitutively by the myocardial microvasculature in the recipient's original heart and in the posttransplantation biopsy specimens. No correlation was found between the presence or absence of intercellular adhesion molecule-1 expression and cellular rejection. In contrast, no endothelial expression of vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 was observed in the recipient heart or in endomyocardial biopsy specimens lacking cellular rejection. The presence of vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 significantly correlated with the presence of mild or moderate rejection. The de novo induction of vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 on the myocardial vasculature during periods of rejection, in addition to the recruitment of mononuclear leukocytes that are known to bind to this protein, suggests that the expression of this endothelial adhesion protein could be of use in diagnosing rejection.
Enhanced annealing, high Curie temperature, and low-voltage gating in (Ga,Mn)As: A surface oxide control study (2008)

Our x-ray photoemission, magnetization, and transport studies on surface-etched and annealed (Ga,Mn)As epilayers elucidate the key role of the surface oxide in controlling the outdiffusion of self-compensating interstitial Mn impurities. We achieved a dramatic reduction in annealing times necessary to optimize the epilayers after growth and synthesized (Ga,Mn)As films with the Curie temperature reaching 180 K. A $p\text{\ensuremath{-}}n$ junction transistor is introduced, allowing for a large hole depletion in (Ga,Mn)As thin films at a few volts. The surface oxide etching procedure is applied to controllably reduce the thickness of the (Ga,Mn)As layer in the transistor and we observe a further strong enhancement of the field-effect on the channel resistance. The utility of our all-semiconductor ferromagnetic field-effect transistor in spintronic research is demonstrated on the measured large field effect on the anisotropic magnetoresistance.
Remote GPU Virtualization: Is It Useful? (2016)

Graphics Processing Units (GPUs) are currently used in many computing facilities. However, GPUs present several side effects, such as increased acquisition costs as well as larger space requirements. Also, GPUs still require some amount of energy while idle and their utilization is usually low. In a similar way to virtual machines, using virtual GPUs may address the mentioned concerns. In this regard, remote GPU virtualization allows to share the GPUs present in the computing facility among the nodes of the cluster. This would increase overall GPU utilization, thus reducing the negative impact of the increased costs mentioned before. Reducing the amount of GPUs installed in the cluster could also be possible. In this paper we explore some of the benefits that remote GPU virtualization brings to clusters. For instance, this mechanism allows an application to use all the GPUs present in a cluster. Another benefit of this technique is that cluster throughput, measured as jobs completed per time unit, is doubled when this technique is used. Furthermore, in addition to increasing overall GPU utilization, total energy consumption is reduced up to 40%. This may be key in the context of exascale computing facilities, which present an important energy constraint.
The Hippo Pathway in Heart Development, Regeneration, and Diseases (2015)

The heart is the first organ formed during mammalian development. A properly sized and functional heart is vital throughout the entire lifespan. Loss of cardiomyocytes because of injury or diseases leads to heart failure, which is a major cause of human morbidity and mortality. Unfortunately, regenerative potential of the adult heart is limited. The Hippo pathway is a recently identified signaling cascade that plays an evolutionarily conserved role in organ size control by inhibiting cell proliferation, promoting apoptosis, regulating fates of stem/progenitor cells, and in some circumstances, limiting cell size. Interestingly, research indicates a key role of this pathway in regulation of cardiomyocyte proliferation and heart size. Inactivation of the Hippo pathway or activation of its downstream effector, the Yes-associated protein transcription coactivator, improves cardiac regeneration. Several known upstream signals of the Hippo pathway such as mechanical stress, G-protein-coupled receptor signaling, and oxidative stress are known to play critical roles in cardiac physiology. In addition, Yes-associated protein has been shown to regulate cardiomyocyte fate through multiple transcriptional mechanisms. In this review, we summarize and discuss current findings on the roles and mechanisms of the Hippo pathway in heart development, injury, and regeneration.
Rab27b Is a Potential Predictor for Metastasis and Prognosis in Colorectal Cancer (2014)

Objective. Rab27b is reported to correlate with cancer development and progression. However, the association between Rab27b expression and the clinical characteristics of colorectal cancer (CRC) is barely investigated. Methods. One-step quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) test with 18 fresh-frozen CRC samples and immunohistochemistry (IHC) analysis in 113 CRC cases were performed to explore the relationship between Rab27b expression and the clinicopathological features of CRC. Cox regression and Kaplan-Meier survival analyses were executed to evaluate the prognosis of CRC. Results. The results demonstrated that the expression levels of Rab27b mRNA and protein were significantly higher in CRC tissues than that in matched noncancerous tissues (P < 0.05). Rab27b protein expression in CRC was statistically correlated with serum CEA level (P = 0.004), lymph node metastasis (P = 0.001), distant metastasis (P = 0.009), and TNM stage (P = 0.001). Cox multifactor analysis and Kaplan-Meier method suggested that higher Rab27b protein expression (P = 0.041) and tumor differentiation (P = 0.001) were significantly associated with the overall survival of CRC patients. Conclusions. The data indicated that higher expression of Rab27b was observed in CRC tissues and Rab27b may be identified as a useful predictor of metastasis and prognosis for CRC.
Occipital lobe infarction after open heart surgery. (1983)

The most common permanent neuro-ophthalmologic complication of cardiopulmonary bypass surgery is visual loss. Bilateral lower altitudinal visual field defects were documented in a patient who noted blurred vision following open heart surgery. A difference of opinion existed as to whether the field defects were due to retina-optic nerve or occipital lobe lesions. Two points are emphasized in this report: 1) the field defects were much easier to define on the tangent screen than on Goldman perimetry, and 2) occipital coronal high resolution CT scan confirmed bilateral upper bank calcarine cortex infarctions in this patient. Occipital coronal, thin-section, high-resolution computed tomographic scans are helpful in studying patients with occipital lobe visual field defects.
Origin of Magnesium Clays from the Amargosa Desert, Nevada (1982)

Abstract Deposits of sepiolite, trioctahedral smectite (mixed-layer kerolite/stevensite), calcite, and dolomite, found in the Amargosa Flat and Ash Meadows areas of the Amargosa Desert were formed by precipitation from nonsaline solutions. This mode of origin is indicated by crystal growth patterns, by the low Al content for the deposits, and by the absence of volcanoclastic textures. Evidence for low salinity is found in the isotopic compositions for the minerals, in the lack of abundant soluble salts in the deposits, and in the crystal habits of the dolomite. In addition, calculations show that modern spring water in the area can precipitate sepiolite, dolomite, and calcite following only minor evaporative concentration and equilibration with atmospheric CO 2 . However, precipitation of mixed-layer kerolite/stevensite may require a more saline environment. Mineral precipitation probably occurred during a pluvial period in shallow lakes or swamps fed by spring water from Paleozoic carbonate aquifers.
Design considerations for extremely high-Q integrated inductors and their application in CMOS RF power amplifier (2002)

An extremely high-Q monolithic inductor (Q>2000) on silicon substrate was reported by Pehlke, Burstein and Chang (see Proceedings of the IEEE International Electron Device Meeting, pp. 63-6, 1997). The reported Q is 3 order of magnitude higher than a previously reported monolithic inductor. Such high quality factor may greatly improve the performance of monolithic RF circuits. Both 1-port (one terminal at ground) and 2-port (no terminal at ground) scattering parameters of the high-Q inductor were compared to examine any possible differences in device characteristics. A broadband physical model of the active inductor on silicon are presented to illustrate the improvement of quality factor. A design space with a range of gain and phase difference of current in the coils of the active inductor is reported. A typical application of the active inductor in CMOS RF power amplifier design is shown to illustrate the feasibility of applying the active inductor in RF circuits design.
Increased frequency of CD4+ CD25+ regulatory T cells in the cerebrospinal fluid but not in the blood of multiple sclerosis patients (2007)

Naturally occurring CD4+ CD25+ regulatory T cells (nTreg) play a major role in controlling autoimmunity by suppressing self-reactive T cells. Multiple sclerosis (MS) is an inflammatory demyelinating disorder of the central nervous system (CNS), where T cells play a key role in orchestrating tissue damage. While CD4+ CD25+ nTreg have been investigated in peripheral blood from MS patients, little is known about their presence and possible function within the target organ, the CNS. In order to study whether these cells are present in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) under pathological conditions, we have analysed the frequency of CD4+ CD25+ nTreg in peripheral blood and CSF from MS patients (n=14), patients with other neurological disorders (OND; n=9) and compared peripheral levels with healthy controls (n=40). We found that the frequency of CD4+ CD25+ forkhead transcription factor 3 (FOXP3)+ nTreg was significantly elevated in the CSF from MS patients (mean CSF=4 x 05 +/- 1.54% versus mean peripheral blood = 2 x 93 +/- 0 x 94%) but not from patients with other neurological disorders (mean CSF = 3 x 78 +/- 1 x 26% versus mean peripheral blood = 3 x 74 +/- 1 x 4%). The frequency of nTreg in the periphery did not differ between MS patients and healthy donors; however, nTreg from MS patients showed reduced suppressive capacity.
Knee extensor torque of men with early degrees of osteoarthritis is associated with pain, stiffness and function (2012)

The concentric and eccentric knee extensor torque is significantly correlated with self-report symptoms of patients in initial stages of knee OA. Therefore, the strengthening of the quadriceps muscles, through concentric and eccentric exercise is indicated for these patients in order to minimize these symptoms.
New coherent detector for terahertz radiation based on excitonic electroabsorption (1992)

We demonstrate a new technique for the coherent measurement of free-space THz electrical transients, based on the parallel-field excitonic electroabsorption effect in GaAs quantum wells. A THz transient generated from a photoconductive dipole antenna is measured with a rise time of 290 fs and a full width at half maximum of 360 fs. The initial rise of the THz wave form is abrupt, and does not display the exponential leading edge apparent in waveforms measured with photoconductive techniques. The detector sensitivity is sub-100 mV/cm.
C‐type natriuretic peptide in combination with sildenafil attenuates proliferation of rhabdomyosarcoma cells (2016)

Rhabdomyosarcoma (RMS) is a malignant mesenchymal tumor and the most common soft tissue sarcoma in children. Because of several complications associated with intensive multimodal therapies, including growth disturbance and secondary cancer, novel therapies with less toxicity are urgently needed. C-type natriuretic peptide (CNP), an endogenous peptide secreted by endothelial cells, exerts antiproliferative effects in multiple types of mesenchymal cells. Therefore, we investigated whether CNP attenuates proliferation of RMS cells. We examined RMS patient samples and RMS cell lines. All RMS clinical samples expressed higher levels of guanylyl cyclase B (GC-B), the specific receptor for CNP, than RMS cell lines. GC-B expression in RMS cells decreased with the number of passages in vitro. Therefore, GC-B stable expression lines were established to mimic clinical samples. CNP increased cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP) levels in RMS cells in a dose-dependent manner, demonstrating the biological activity of CNP. However, because cGMP is quickly degraded by phosphodiesterases (PDEs), the selective PDE5 inhibitor sildenafil was added to inhibit its degradation. In vitro, CNP, and sildenafil synergistically inhibited proliferation of RMS cells stably expressing GC-B and decreased Raf-1, Mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase (MEK), and extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) phosphorylation. These results suggested that CNP in combination with sildenafil exerts antiproliferative effects on RMS cells by inhibiting the Raf/MEK/ERK pathway. This regimen exerted synergistic effects on tumor growth inhibition without severe adverse effects in vivo such as body weight loss. Thus, CNP in combination with sildenafil represents a promising new therapeutic approach against RMS.
Effects of neutral buried p-layer on high-frequency performance of GaAs MESFETs (1991)

Fully ion-implanted n/sup +/ self-aligned GaAs MESFETs with Au/WSiN refractory metal gates have been fabricated by adopting neutral buried p-layers formed by 50-keV Be-implantation. S-parameter measurements and equivalent circuit fittings are discussed. When the Be dose is increased from 2*10/sup 12/ cm/sup -2/ to 4*10/sup 12/ cm/sup -2/, the maximum value of the cutoff frequency with a 0.2- mu m gate falls off from 108 to 78 GHz. This is because a neutral buried player makes the intrinsic gate-source capacitance increase markedly, while its influence on gate-drain capacitance and gate-source fringing capacitance is negligible. The maximum oscillation frequency recovers, however, due primarily to the drain conductance suppression by the higher-concentration buried p-layer. An equivalent value of over 130 GHz has been obtained for both 0.2- mu m-gate GaAs MESFETs.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Satellite cell therapy – from mice to men (2013)

Satellite cells are rare mononuclear skeletal muscle-resident cells that are the chief contributors to regenerative myogenesis following muscle injury. Although first identified more than 50 years ago, it is only recently that the murine satellite cell has become molecularly defined with the ability to prospectively isolate these cells from their niche. Human satellite cells are considerably less well understood with relatively few studies having been performed on them. In this review, a critical evaluation of this literature is provided along with a discussion of the practical and methodological issues involved with research on human satellite cells. The therapeutic potential of these and other cells types is also discussed, and the various challenges that face satellite cell therapy are addressed.
The hydroxypropionate pathway of CO <sub>2</sub> fixation: Fait accompli (2009)

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences (PNAS), a peer reviewed journal of the National Academy of Sciences (NAS) - an authoritative source of high-impact, original research that broadly spans the biological, physical, and social sciences.
High performance DSP for vision, imaging and neural networks (2016)

Presents a collection of slides covering the following topics: vision processors; computer vision; convolutional neural nets; memory parallelism; and high performance DSP.
Ammonia Treatment of Activated Carbon Powders for Supercapacitor Electrode Application (2014)

Microporous activated carbon powder was modified by ammonia gas or ammonia/nitrogen mixture at elevated temperatures with different duration in order to obtain supercapacitor electrode materials with enhanced capacitance. XPS analysis showed higher amount of nitrogen containing functional groups (up to 4.5 at%) incorporated into carbon powders which were oxidized before ammonia treatment. The highest amount of N was introduced by treatments at 400°C, whereas extensive activation was observed after treatment at 800°C. The modified carbon powders demonstrated an increase in gravimetric capacitance up to 30% in 1 mol dm−3 H2SO4 solution. During 10,000 constant current charge/discharge cycles, the capacitance decreased by 2.5 to 10%, depending on the modified material used.
Redox Regulation of Mitochondrial Function (2011)

Redox-dependent processes influence most cellular functions, such as differentiation, proliferation, and apoptosis. Mitochondria are at the center of these processes, as mitochondria both generate reactive oxygen species (ROS) that drive redox-sensitive events and respond to ROS-mediated changes in the cellular redox state. In this review, we examine the regulation of cellular ROS, their modes of production and removal, and the redox-sensitive targets that are modified by their flux. In particular, we focus on the actions of redox-sensitive targets that alter mitochondrial function and the role of these redox modifications on metabolism, mitochondrial biogenesis, receptor-mediated signaling, and apoptotic pathways. We also consider the role of mitochondria in modulating these pathways, and discuss how redox-dependent events may contribute to pathobiology by altering mitochondrial function.
Chemical dissection of the cell cycle: probes for cell biology and anti-cancer drug development (2014)

Cancer cell proliferation relies on the ability of cancer cells to grow, transition through the cell cycle, and divide. To identify novel chemical probes for dissecting the mechanisms governing cell cycle progression and cell division, and for developing new anti-cancer therapeutics, we developed and performed a novel cancer cell-based high-throughput chemical screen for cell cycle modulators. This approach identified novel G1, S, G2, and M-phase specific inhibitors with drug-like properties and diverse chemotypes likely targeting a broad array of processes. We further characterized the M-phase inhibitors and highlight the most potent M-phase inhibitor MI-181, which targets tubulin, inhibits tubulin polymerization, activates the spindle assembly checkpoint, arrests cells in mitosis, and triggers a fast apoptotic cell death. Importantly, MI-181 has broad anti-cancer activity, especially against BRAF(V600E) melanomas.
Soil Colour as a Simple Indicator of Load Bearing Capacity in Brazilian Latosols (2011)

Land degradation due to soil compaction has been recognized as a major problem in mechanized agriculture and modern forestry operations. Soil compaction has been attributed to some factors including the use of heavy machines during field operations and unregulated moisture regime during these operations. The problem is growing unabated owing to the cumbersome procedure of assessing the inherent strength attribute of the soil and its ability to support load. In this study, we investigated the possibility of assessing the load support capacity of Latosols (Oxisols - U.S. Soil Taxonomy, Sols ferralitiques - French classification, and Ferralsols - World Reference Base for Soil Resources) samples using the soil colour and its derivative. Our result showed that soil colour derivatives including redness factor (RF) and redness rating (RR) are good indicators of soil mineralogy and thus, some intrinsic attributes could affect its response to loading. We observed that red soils had higher load support capacity (LSC) than the yellow soils. The load support capacity of soils within the same colour group reduces, as the degree of redness of yellowness in the soil sample reduces. Thus, soil colour could be used to understand the load support capacity of soils for agricultural operations and to detect changes in the strength attributes of the soil. We also observed that moisture retention potential of soils which have an overbearing influence of the load bearing capacity of soil could be assessed from the soil colour.
Shear-Induced Mechanochemistry: Pushing Molecules Around (2015)

The molecular mechanisms by which mechanical energy accelerates a chemical reaction at sliding solid–solid interfaces are not well understood because of the experimental difficulties in monitoring chemical processes and their rates, and in controlling parameters such as interfacial temperature. These issues are addressed by measuring the shear-induced rate of methane formation from the decomposition of adsorbed methyl thiolate species on copper in ultrahigh vacuum (UHV), where the frictional heating is negligible. The effect of a constant force F on the energy profile for thiolate decomposition from density functional theory calculations is modeled by superimposing a linear potential, V(x) = −Fx. This enables the change in activation barrier to be calculated as a function of force. The mechanically induced reaction rate is measured by sliding a ball over a methyl thiolate-covered copper surface from the methane yield measured by a mass spectrometer placed in the UHV chamber. Molecular dynamics simulations reveal that a wide distribution of forces are exerted on the thiolates and comparing the measured methyl thiolate decomposition rate with the rate calculated by assuming a wide force distribution reproduces the experimental data. This reveals that only a small proportion of the adsorbed thiolates experience sufficiently high forces to reduce the activation barrier to reproduce the experimentally measured rate constant.