gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Evolutionary conservation of the insulinoma gene rig and its possible function. (1987)

We have identified a gene, rig (rat insulinoma gene), that is activated in chemically induced rat insulinomas but not in normal pancreatic islets or in regenerating islets. In the present study, we have found that the insulinoma gene was activated in a BK virus-induced hamster insulinoma cell line and in a spontaneously occurring human insulinoma. From the hamster and human insulinoma cDNA libraries, rig homologues were isolated, and their nucleotide sequences were determined. In the same manner as the rat gene, both hamster and human homologues contained one open reading frame of 435 nucleotides, differing by 32- and 41-base substitutions, respectively. All the base substitutions were same-sense mutations. Accordingly, the deduced 145-amino acid sequence remained invariant in hamster, human, and rat insulinomas, suggesting that rig has evolved under extraordinarily strong selective constraints. Computerized structure analysis indicated that rig-encoded protein is a possible DNA-binding protein. The antisense oligodeoxyribonucleotide complementary to hamster rig mRNA was synthesized and injected into the hamster insulinoma cells. The antisense rig oligodeoxyribonucleotide inhibited DNA synthesis in the insulinoma cells, whereas the sense rig oligodeoxyribonucleotide or antisense insulin oligodeoxyribonucleotide had no inhibitory effect. These results strongly suggest that the activation of rig is both common and potentially significant in the oncogenic growth of pancreatic B cells of islets of Langerhans.
Phase SLM based homogenized FT holographic storage and a novel technique for recovery of data from phase image (2003)

In Fourier transform holographic storage set-up, by using a phase only SLM in 0 and π phase modes, the intense dc peak is optimally removed to obtain a homogenized Fourier spectrum. Reconstruction of the original data page from the phase image is performed using a novel technique incorporating interference phenomena.
<title>Nanofabrication processes for single-ion implantation of silicon quantum computer devices</title> (2001)

We describe progress in a range of nanofabrication processes for the production of silicon-based quantum computer devices. The processes are based upon single-ion implantation to place phosphorus-31 atoms in accurate locations, precisely self-aligned to metal control gates. These fabrication schemes involve multi-layer resist and metal structures, electron beam lithography and multi-angled aluminium shadow evaporation. The key feature of all fabrication schemes is a gate pattern defined in a resist structure using electron beam lithography, used in conjunction with a second pattern written in another resist layer. The locations where the two patterns overlap define channels down to the substrate through which ions can be implanted, with the remaining metal/resist structure behaving as a mask. Further processing on the resist structures allows for deposition of the control gates and read-out structures. Central to this process is a new technique which allows for control of the implantation process at a single-ion level.
Spectral and laser properties of Er<sup>3+</sup>/Yb<sup>3+</sup>/Ce<sup>3+</sup>tri-doped Ca<sub>3</sub>NbGa<sub>3</sub>Si<sub>2</sub>O<sub>14</sub>crystal at 1.55<i>µ</i>m (2018)

An Er3+/Yb3+/Ce3+ tri-doped Ca3NbGa3Si2O14 (CNGS) crystal was grown by the Czochralski method. Spectral properties of the crystal, including the polarized absorption and fluorescence spectra, the fluorescence decay, as well as the energy transfer efficiency from Yb3+ to Er3+ were investigated in detail. End-pumped by a 976 nm diode laser, a 1556 nm continuous-wave laser with a maximum output power of 202 mW and a slope efficiency of 11.4% was achieved in the Er,Yb,Ce:CNGS crystal. The results indicate the Er,Yb,Ce:CNGS crystal is a promising 1.55 µm laser gain medium.
Design and Topology Optimization of Lattice Structures Using Deformable Implicit Surfaces for Additive Manufacturing (2015)

Additive manufacturing (AM) enables creation of objects with complex internal lattice structures for functional, aesthetic, structural and fabrication considerations. Several approaches for lattice generation and optimization, and their implementations in commercial systems exist. However, these commercial systems are typically independent from a CAD system, and therefore introduces workflow complexities for product lifecycle management. In this paper, we present a unified computer-aided framework for design, computer-aided engineering analysis (CAE) of solids with lattice structures, and freeform topology optimization within the CAD system that enables a seamless workflow. The proposed framework takes as input a solid CAD model and enables rapid generation of different lattice structures as repeated arrangements of lattice template shapes that replace input solid volume. Generated internal patterns are further optimized through freeform modifications to improve structural characteristics of the input model. Lattice modeling and optimization is performed using discrete implicit surface representations for the ease in representing complex topologies and performing modeling and freeform deformation operations. The output of the proposed framework is a polygonal represenatation of the lattified model ready for 3D printing. We have implemented our framework as a plugin to the Siemens PLM NX software system and examples are demonstrated for typical products in aerospace, medical and automotive industries.
CO<sub>2</sub> and ambient air in metal–oxygen batteries: steps towards reality (2015)

Studies on involving CO<sub>2</sub> and ambient air in cathode gas bring the potential of a real rechargeable high-energy metal–air battery.
A New Approach to Heart Valve Tissue Engineering Based on the Modification of Human Pericardial Tissue (2012)

Abstract The main problem of currently used xenogeneic biological heart valves is the development of degenerative changes leading to valve failure. Reoperation is required in approximately 65% of patients at 15 years after implantation. The challenge of heart valve tissue engineering is to create a new type of biological prosthesis for clinical use. The aim of our study is to construct a living autologous human pericardial heart valve that will have optimal mechanical properties and a similar histological structure as the normal aortic heart valve. Three leaflet heart valve constructs made from human pericardium were attached onto a plastic holder and cultured under dynamic conditions for up to four weeks. After this time conditioned pericardial samples were compared to control unconditioned pericardial samples from the same patient and to that of the normal aortic heart valve. Histological, immunohistochemical and biomechanical assessments were performed. Pericardial interstitial cells (PICs) are able to respond to mechanical stresses by proliferating and differentiating into an active (myofibroblast-like) phenotype and are able to produce new extracellurar matrix (ECM). A threefold increase in PIC number and a twofold increase in smooth muscle actin (SMA) positive cells was observed after dynamic conditioning. These measurements were statistically significant (p<0.001). The histological structure of conditioned pericardium is very similar to the normal aortic heart valve and dynamic conditioning was shown to be important for PIC activation. Uniaxial tensile tests were performed to compare the mechanical properties of conditioned pericardium with the native aortic heart valve. Our results indicate that the secant elastic modulus of pericardium before and after conditioning (13.1 ± 8.3 Mpa) is comparable to the native aortic heart valve. Autologous human pericardium mimics the natural structure of the normal aortic heart valve and has similar mechanical properties. PICs are activated to an active VIC-like phenotype by mechanical conditioning. Our pericardial heart valve construct also possesses optimal hemodynamic properties by echocardiographic measurements similar to the healthy aortic heart valve. Acknowledgements: Supported by the Grant Agency of the Ministry of Health of the Czech Republic (project No. NT 11270.
Cytochrome P-450TYR Is a Multifunctional Heme-Thiolate Enzyme Catalyzing the Conversion of L-Tyrosine to p-Hydroxyphenylacetaldehyde Oxime in the Biosynthesis of the Cyanogenic Glucoside Dhurrin in Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench (1995)

Cytochrome P-450TYR, which catalyzes the N-hydroxylation of L-tyrosine in the biosynthesis of the cyanogenic glucoside dhurrin in Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench has recently been isolated (Sibbesen, O., Koch, B., Halkier, B. A., and Møller, B. L. (1994) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 92, 9740-9744). Reconstitution of the enzyme activity in lipid micelles containing cytochrome P-450TYR and NADPH-cytochrome P-450 oxidoreductase demonstrates that cytochrome P-450TYR catalyzes the conversion of L-tyrosine into p-hydroxyphenylacetaldehyde oxime. Earlier studies with microsomes have demonstrated that this conversion involves two N-hydroxylation reactions of which the first produces N-hydroxytyrosine. We propose that the product of the second N-hydroxylation reaction is N,N-dihydroxytyrosine. N,N-dihydroxytyrosine is dehydrated to 2-nitroso-3-(p-hydroxyphenyl) propionic acid which decarboxylates to p-hydroxyphenylacetaldehyde oxime. The dehydration and decarboxylation reactions may proceed non-enzymatically. The E/Z ratio of the p-hydroxyphenylacetaldehyde oxime produced by reconstituted cytochrome P-450TYR is 69:31. Lipid micelles made from L-alpha-dilauroyl phosphatidylcholine are more than twice as effective in reconstituting cytochrome P-450TYR activity as compared to other lipids. The Km and turnover number of the enzyme is 0.14 mM and 200 min-1, respectively, when assayed in the presence of 15 mM NaCl whereas the values are 0.21 mM and 230 min-1 when assayed in the absence of added salt. The multifunctional nature cytochrome P-450TYR is confirmed by demonstrating that binding of L-tyrosine or N-hydroxytyrosine mutually excludes binding of the other substrate. These results explain why the conversion of tyrosine to p-hydroxyphenylacetaldehyde oxime as earlier reported (Møller, B. L., and Conn, E. E. (1980) J. Biol. Chem. 255, 3049-3056) shows the phenomenon of catalytic facilitation ("channeling"). Cytochrome P-450TYR is the first isolated multifunctional heme-thiolate enzyme from plants. N-Hydroxylases of the cytochrome P-450 type with high substrate specificity have not previously been reported.
Cyclometalated iridium and platinum complexes as singlet oxygen photosensitizers: quantum yields, quenching rates and correlation with electronic structures (2007)

Photophysical properties are reported for a series of cyclometalated platinum and iridium complexes that can serve as photosensitizers for singlet oxygen. The complexes have the formula (C;N)(2)Ir(O;O) or (C;N)Pt(O;O) where C;N is a monoanionic cyclometalating ligand such as 2-(phenyl)pyridyl and 2-(phenyl)quinolyl, and O;O is the ancillary ligand acetylacetonate (acac) or dipivaloylmethane (dpm). Also examined were a series of (N;N)PtMe(2) complexes where N;N is a diimine such as 2,2'-bipyridyl. In general, the cyclometalated complexes are excellent photosensitizers for the production of singlet oxygen, while the (N;N)PtMe(2) complexes were ineffective at this reaction. Quantum yields of singlet oxygen production range from 0.9-1.0 for the cyclometalated Pt complexes and 0.5-0.9 for Ir complexes. Luminescence quenching and singlet oxygen formation of the Ir complexes occurs from a combination of electron and energy transfer processes, whereas the Pt complexes only react by energy transfer. For Ir complexes with low emission energy, physical deactivation of the triplet excited state becomes competitive with energy transfer to ground state dioxygen. The rates of singlet oxygen quenching for the complexes presented here are in the range 6 x 10(6)-2 x 10(7) M(-1) s(-1) for Pt complexes and 2 x 10(5)-2 x 10(7) M(-1) s(-1) for Ir complexes, respectively. Differences in the efficiency of both forming and quenching singlet oxygen between the Ir and Pt cyclometalates are believed to come about from the more exposed coordination geometry in the latter species.
Ultra-high resolution millimeter-wave imaging for biomedical applications: Feasibility study (2015)

This article numerically verifies ultra-high-resolution confocal millimeter-wave imaging for biomedical applications for the first time. A system with an ultra-wide bandwidth of more than 85 GHz is proposed to provide the ultra-high resolutions required for biomedical imaging applications. The feasibility of detecting early-stage tumors in three dimensions is shown using realistic numerical phantoms. A suitable image formation algorithm is developed and applied to the data. Successful resolution of spherical tumors is achieved in the obtained images both axially and laterally.
Implementation of Measuring Bio-signals Simultaneously using Time-Sharing Method (2005)

In this paper, we propose a measuring device implementation to measure ECG, 50KHz BIA for getting BIA/Respiration, and 10~50Hz GSR for measuring electrical characteristics of skin. To this end, BIA signal is separated by line filter and high impedance element and the interference between signals could be minimized by switching in time domain to separate ECG and GSR signals having the similar frequency range. ECG, heart rate and respiration are measured by the simulator based on the implemented circuit and BIA and GSR impedance are verified using standard resistance. Also, we made an experiment this method to human body and found the possibility of detecting bio-signals.
Federating Distributed, Heterogeneous Content Distribution Actors (2013)

International audience
Synthesis of 8-Hydroxyquinoline Derivatives as Novel Antitumor Agents (2012)

This letter describes the preparation of quinoline derivatives and their cytotoxic potentials toward human carcinoma cell lines. Among the selected compounds, 8-hydroxy-2-quinolinecarbaldehyde (3) showed the best in vitro cytotoxicity against the human cancer cell lines, including MDA231, T-47D, Hs578t, SaoS2, K562, SKHep1 (with a MTS50 range of 12.5-25 μg/mL) and Hep3B (with a MTS50 range of 6.25±0.034 μg/mL). The in vivo antitumor activity of compound 3 on subcutenaous Hep3B hepatocellular carcinoma xenograft in athymic nude mice was then studied. The results showed that the dose of 10 mg/kg/day of compound 3 with intraperitoneal injection for 9 days totally abolished the growth of the xenograft tumor of Hep3B with no histological damage on vital organs as compared with the control. The experimental results suggested that compound 3 has a good potential as an antitumor agent.
The U <sub>S</sub> 3 protein kinase of herpes simplex virus 1 mediates the posttranslational modification of BAD and prevents BAD-induced programmed cell death in the absence of other viral proteins (2001)

Earlier studies have shown that the d120 mutant of herpes simplex virus 1, which lacks both copies of the alpha4 gene, induces apoptosis in all cell lines tested. In some cell lines d120-induced apoptosis, manifested by the release of cytochrome c, activation of caspase 3, and fragmentation of cellular DNA, is blocked by the overexpression of Bcl-2. In these cells viral protein kinase U(S)3 delivered in trans blocks apoptosis induced by the mutant virus at a premitochondrial stage. We report that the U(S)3 protein kinase targets the pro-apoptotic BAD member of the Bcl-2 family. Specifically, the U(S)3 protein kinase mediates a posttranslational modification of BAD and blocks its cleavage, which is reported to activate apoptosis. Thus, U(S)3 protein kinase is the sole viral protein required to block activation of caspase 3, prevent cleavage of poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase, and block fragmentation of cellular DNA induced by BAD.
An independent confirmation of a quantitative trait locus for milk yield and composition traits on bovine chromosome 26 (2005)

Several reports have demonstrated that bovine chromosome 26 (BTA26) harbours significant or suggestive quantitative trait loci (QTL) for milk production and composition traits in dairy cattle. Our previous study showed that a C/T substitution in the bovine TCF7L2 gene on BTA26 was significantly linked to QTL for protein yield (PY) in a Canadian dairy cattle population. Actually, this polymorphism was one of the markers derived from a genome-wide screening of QTL for milk PY using an amplified fragment length polymorphism technique combined with a DNA pooling strategy. In the present study, 990 Holstein bulls with complete genotype and phenotype data from 14 sire families were analysed to confirm, if the QTL effects exist in other populations. Statistical analysis revealed that this marker was significantly associated with PY, protein percentage, milk yield and fat yield (FY) (p < 0.001) in the US Holstein population. These results indicate that this QTL region has a pleiotrophic effecton different milk traits and is portable in different populations.
Purification and characterization of a M<sub>r</sub> ∼66,000 lung‐derived (paracrine) growth factor that preferentially stimulates the in vitro proliferation of lung‐metastasizing tumor cells (1990)

In medium containing low concentrations of serum, rat 13762NF mammary adenocarcinoma cell lines and clones (MTPa and MTC; isolated from the locally growing tumor) of low metastatic potential to lung did not exhibit a growth response to lung-conditioned medium, whereas a highly metastatic cell clone isolated from a spontaneous lung metastasis (MTLn3) did. The major growth-promoting factor for MTLn3 cells from porcine and rat lung-conditioned media was isolated by using a five-step procedure (anion exchange chromatography, Affi-gel blue affinity chromatography, chromatofocusing, size exclusion chromatography, and preparative native gel electrophoresis). The lung-derived factor that stimulated the growth of highly metastatic MTLn3 cells was a glycoprotein of Mr approximately 66,000 (non-reduced) or Mr approximately 72,000 (reduced) and possessed a pI of 6.9-7.0. It preferentially promoted the growth of lung-metastasizing tumor lines over their poorly lung-metastasizing counterparts in three tumor systems: rat 13762NF mammary adenocarcinoma, murine B16 melanoma, and murine RAW117 large-cell lymphoma. The factor's growth-stimulatory affect was inactivated by reduction or exposure to high temperature (95 degrees C). Although the growth factor appears to be glycosylated, its molecular weight was not altered by treatment with the protein-deglycosylating agent, trifluoromethane sulfonic acid. Cleavage of the protein by cyanogen bromide resulted in the formation of five fragments. Malignant cell response to this lung-derived paracrine growth factor may be important in the successful formation of lung metastases.
Market mechanisms for network resource sharing (1999)

The theme of this thesis is the design and analysis of decentralized and distributed market mechanisms for resource sharing in multiservice networks. The motivation for a market-based approach istwofold. First, in modern multiservice networks, resources such as bandwidth and bu er space have di erent value to di erent users, and these valuations cannot, in general, be accurately known in advance as users compete against each other for the resources. Second, the network resources them-selves are distributed, and often, not subject to any single authority. We present the Progressive Second Price auction (PSP), a new decentralized mechanism for allocating variable-size shares of a resource among multiple users. Under elastic demand, the PSP auction is incentive compatible and stable, in that it has a \\truthful &amp;quot;-Nash equilibrium where all players bid at prices equal to their marginal valuation of the resource. PSP is e cient in that the equilibrium allocation maximizes total user value. In a dynamic setting, we derive a bound on the time to converge to equilibrium, when users are using an optimal normal form strategy. We then extend the PSP auction to be applied by independent resource sellers on
Silicon-Vacancy Spin Qubit in Diamond: A Quantum Memory Exceeding 10 ms with Single-Shot State Readout (2017)

The negatively charged silicon-vacancy (SiV^{-}) color center in diamond has recently emerged as a promising system for quantum photonics. Its symmetry-protected optical transitions enable the creation of indistinguishable emitter arrays and deterministic coupling to nanophotonic devices. Despite this, the longest coherence time associated with its electronic spin achieved to date (∼250 ns) has been limited by coupling to acoustic phonons. We demonstrate coherent control and suppression of phonon-induced dephasing of the SiV^{-} electronic spin coherence by 5 orders of magnitude by operating at temperatures below 500 mK. By aligning the magnetic field along the SiV^{-} symmetry axis, we demonstrate spin-conserving optical transitions and single-shot readout of the SiV^{-} spin with 89% fidelity. Coherent control of the SiV^{-} spin with microwave fields is used to demonstrate a spin coherence time T_{2} of 13 ms and a spin relaxation time T_{1} exceeding 1 s at 100 mK. These results establish the SiV^{-} as a promising solid-state candidate for the realization of quantum networks.
High-quality β-Ga<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> single crystals grown by edge-defined film-fed growth (2016)

Abstract β-Ga 2 O 3 bulk crystals were grown by the edge-defined film-fed growth (EFG) process and the floating zone process. Semiconductor substrates containing no twin boundaries with sizes up to 4 in. in diameter were fabricated. It was found that Si was the main residual impurity in the EFG-grown crystals and that the effective donor concentration ( N d − N a ) of unintentionally doped crystals was governed by the Si concentration. Intentional n-type doping was shown to be possible. An etch pit observation revealed that the dislocation density was on the order of 10 3 cm −3 . N d − N a for the samples annealed in nitrogen ambient was almost the same as the Si concentration, while for the samples annealed in oxygen ambient, it was around 1 × 10 17 cm −3 and independent of the Si concentration.
Processing Development and Surface Preparation Review. Characterization and Control of Properties of Diamond Surface and Its Application to Electron Emitter. (1996)

Negative electron affinity (NEA) of the diamond surface is expected to enable the realization of a stable and efficient electron emitter for microvacuum electronics devices and multiemitter display panels. We have studied the diamond surface by techniques such as photoemission spectroscopy, ion beam analysis, and high-resolution electron microscopy, and established the control of the electron affinity by hydrogenation or oxidation in plasma, or irradiation to vacuum ultraviolet light. The conductivity of the NEA surface should be taken into consideration, as well as the NEA feature itself, in the design of the structure of electron emitter devices with the hydrogenated diamond surface. In this paper, we present studies on diamond surfaces, and the design and characterization of an electron emitter using diamond thin film into which electrons have been injected for emission from the NEA surface.