gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Thermodynamic Analysis Of Ammonia-Water Based Regenerative Rankine Cycle With Partial Evaporation (2017)

A thermodynamic analysis of a partial evaporating Rankine cycle with regeneration using zeotropic ammonia-water mixture as a working fluid is presented in this paper. The thermodynamic laws were applied to evaluate the system performance. Based on the thermodynamic model, the effects of the vapor quality and the ammonia mass fraction on the system performance were extensively investigated. The results showed that thermal efficiency has a peak value with respect to the vapor quality as well as the ammonia mass fraction. The partial evaporating ammonia based Rankine cycle has a potential to improve recovery of low-grade finite heat source.
Wave Propagation and Mode Localization in Simply Supported Multispan Beams with Couplers on Supports (2004)

The influences of couplers on wave propagation and mode localization in simply supported multispan beams with couplers consisting of lumped rotational stiffness and mass on supports are studied. A transfer matrix equation governing the vibrational wave propagation in the simply supported multispan beams with couplers is newly derived and simplified. The eigenvalue of the simplified transfer matrix shows that the larger stiffness or the larger mass of the coupler makes the internal coupling between spans weaker and so it makes the system more sensitive to mode localization. As the wave frequency or the eigenvalues of the system increases, the mass effect is increased while the stiffness effect is decreased. In a case considering the large stiffness and mass at the same time, there is a region with relatively wider passbands and narrower stop bands having small attenuation rates and the normal modes in it become delocalized ones. As an example structure, a simply supported two span beam with a coupler at the midspan is considered.
Soft MIMO ML demodulation based on bitwise constellation partitioning (2009)

In this letter, we propose a soft-decoding ML MIMO demodulation method that lowers the complexity of the existing ML method. The proposed method finds the nearest point without calculating the Euclidean distance by exploiting the regular structure of bit-to-symbol mapping. It enables significant reduction of the number of distance calculations which is a major complexity burden.
Neural networks for reconstruction of focal events from bioelectric/biomagnetic potentials (1994)

When analysing bioelectric or biomagnetic fields source reconstruction plays an important role. We show how the conventional reconstruction of dipole sources can be speeded up by neural networks. In this paper several different types of neural networks and their performance are compared for this task. We show that a radial basis function network with partitioning to one yields the best recognition results especially for potentials which are superimposed with noise.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Attenuation of midinfrared free electron laser energy with eyewear (2005)

Purpose: To determine the attenuation of free electron laser (FEL) energy at several wavelengths through microscope objective and eyeglass lenses. Materials and Methods: The FEL at wavelengths of 2.3 um, 2.5 um, 3.0 um, 3.5 um, 4.0 um, 4.5 um, 5.0 um, 6.45 um, 7.0 um, 7.5 um, and 8.0 um was telescoped using a 500 mm nominal focal length lens and a 200 mm focal length lens. The beam had a final spot of about 3 mm and was passed through a 3 mm aperture and onto the 8 mm active area of a J9LP Molectron detector. The eyeglass sample was placed 3 cm in front of the detector. Energy readings were averaged over multiple pulses. Results: Attenuation varied greatly with wavelength and sample from a low attenuation of 0.46 dB, 90% transmission, for short wavelengths through common glass to greater than 60 dB attenuation (transmission at the detector noise level) for IR safe glass by Aura, Inc. Conclusion: Only the designated laser safety goggles effectively attenuate free electron laser energy at 2.3 um and 2.5 um. A microscope objective lens, polycarbonate, and silica glass eyewear is capable of effectively attenuating FEL energy at wavelengths greater than 4.5 um, but the polycarbonate lenses demonstrated material damage.
Control-Moment Gyroscopes for Joint Actuation: A New Paradigm in Space Robotics (2005)

Manned spacecraft will require maintenance robots to inspect and repair components of the spacecraft that are accessible only from the outside. This paper presents a design of a novel free-flying maintenance robot (known as a MaintenanceBot.) The MaintenanceBot uses Control Moment Gyros (CMGs) for manipulator arm and attitude control. This architecture provides high authority control in a compact low power package. Relative position and attitude determination is accomplished with an RF system supplemented by a vision system at close range. When not docked to the manned vehicle (which must be done periodically to refuel and recharge batteries or when the manned vehicle performs orbit changes) the MaintenanceBots fly in formation using a cold gas thruster system and formation flying algorithms that permit dozens of MaintenanceBots to coordinate their positions. The use of CMGs is a prominent feature of this design. An array of CMGs can exchange angular momentum with the spacecraft body to effect attitude changes, as long as certain mathematical singularities in the actuator Jacobian are avoided. The proposed maintenance robot benefits dramatically from the dynamics and control of a multibody robotic arm whose joints are driven by CMGs. In addition to high power efficiency, another advantage of this concept is that spacecraft appendages actuated by CMGs can be considered reactionless, in the sense that careful manipulation of the CMG gimbal angles can virtually eliminate moments applied to the spacecraft body. This paper provides a preliminary design of the MaintenanceBot. Analysis of the formation flying and close maneuver control systems is included. Simulation results for a typical operation is provided.
An extended dislocation pile-up model for the yield strength of lamellar microstructures (1998)

Abstract This paper investigates the relationship between the yield stress and the two length parameters specifying the fully lamellar polycrystalline microstructure, the grain size d GB and the lamellar thickness d LM. This is done in the framework of the dislocation pile-up model that has been used to explain the Hall—Petch relation between the yield stress and the grain-size. Deformation in the multilayer structure is assumed to proceed by dislocations propagating in the formation of a succession of mutually interacting pile-ups, blocked at the lamellar interfaces and piled up ultimately against the grain boundary. Numerical calculations of the model show that the propagation of the multiple pile-up through the successive layers requires progressive increases in the applied stress, and macroscopic yielding occurs after the dislocation pile-up has crossed a large number of layers. For the multilayer ‘single crystal’, the yield stress increases with decreasing lamellar size following the Hall—Petch relationship, until a saturation thickness where the yield stress is equal to the critical stress representing the strength of the interface barrier. In the lamellar polycrystal, a larger stress may be required for the dislocations to reach the grain boundary than to defeat the grain boundary, giving rise to a yield stress independent of the grain size and sensitive only to the lamellar spacing. When relatively few lamellae are present in the grains, the yield stress increases with increasing grain size, opposite to the Hall—Petch relation. This research, and the physical insights revealed thereby, are relevant to the understanding of the mechanical strength of multilayer structures as well as the fully lamellar grains present in some TiAl-based alloys.
Human monocyte binding to fibronectin enhances IFN-gamma-induced early signaling events (1997)

Leukocyte integrins are fundamentally important in modulating adhesion to extracellular matrix components and to other cells. This integrin-mediated adhesion controls leukocyte arrest and extravasation during the onset of inflammatory responses. Moreover, integrin-ligand interactions trigger signaling pathways that may influence leukocyte phenotype and function at sites of inflammation. In the current studies, we evaluated the combinatorial effects of monocyte adhesion and IFN-gamma on intracellular signaling pathways. IFN-gamma triggers a well-defined signal transduction pathway, which although not directly stimulated by monocyte adherence to fibronectin or arginine-glycine-aspartate (RGD)-coated substrata, was enhanced significantly in these matrix-adherent cells. Compared with monocytes in suspension or adherent on plastic surfaces, monocytes adherent to fibronectin or RGD exhibited a greater than threefold increase in steady state levels of IFN-gamma-induced mRNA for the high affinity Fc gammaRI receptor. By electrophoretic mobility shift assays, this increase in mRNA was associated with a 5- to 10-fold increase in the STAT1-containing DNA-binding complex that binds to Fc gammaRI promoter elements. Furthermore, the tyrosine phosphorylation of STAT1 and the tyrosine kinases JAK1 and JAK2 was enhanced significantly in RGD-adherent monocytes compared with control cells. These results suggest a novel mechanism by which integrin-mediated cell adhesion can modulate the magnitude of cytokine-induced signal transduction pathways, thereby amplifying cellular events leading to monocyte activation and inflammation.
Person Re-identification Using Haar-based and DCD-based Signature (2010)

In many surveillance systems there is a requirement to determine whether a given person of interest has already been observed over a network of cameras. This paper presents two approaches for this person re-identification problem. In general the human appearance obtained in one camera is usually different from the ones obtained in another camera. In order to re-identify people the human signature should handle difference in illumination, pose and camera parameters. Our appearance models are based on hoar-like features and dominant color descriptors. The AdaBoost scheme is applied to both descriptors to achieve the most invariant and discriminative signature. The methods are evaluated using benchmark video sequences with different camera views where people are automatically detected using Histograms of Oriented Gradients (HOG). The reidentification performance is presented using the cumulative matching characteristic (CMC) curve.
<title>Hydrogen ion cut technology combined with low-temperature direct bonding</title> (1997)

In this work we have combined the hydrogen ion cut technology with low temperature direct bonding. Our work allows silicon on insulator (SOI) materials produced with process temperatures below 400 degrees C. Previous work with hydrogen ion cut and other methods of forming SOI have required temperatures greater than 1000 degrees C. The work in this paper thus creates the opportunity to use the hydrogen ion cut technique to create SOI with ow process temperatures.
The relationship between <i>KRAS</i> gene mutations and HLA class I antigen downregulation in the metastasis of non-small cell lung cancer (2013)

KRAS codon 12 mutations appear to be important in the downregulation of HLA class I antigen in NSCLC. Abnormal activation of the oncogenic KRAS pathway might provide a new treatment target for NSCLC.
Neuronal-Glial Interactions Maintain Chronic Neuropathic Pain after Spinal Cord Injury (2017)

The hyperactive state of sensory neurons in the spinal cord enhances pain transmission. Spinal glial cells have also been implicated in enhanced excitability of spinal dorsal horn neurons, resulting in pain amplification and distortions. Traumatic injuries of the neural system such as spinal cord injury (SCI) induce neuronal hyperactivity and glial activation, causing maladaptive synaptic plasticity in the spinal cord. Recent studies demonstrate that SCI causes persistent glial activation with concomitant neuronal hyperactivity, thus providing the substrate for central neuropathic pain. Hyperactive sensory neurons and activated glial cells increase intracellular and extracellular glutamate, neuropeptides, adenosine triphosphates, proinflammatory cytokines, and reactive oxygen species concentrations, all of which enhance pain transmission. In addition, hyperactive sensory neurons and glial cells overexpress receptors and ion channels that maintain this enhanced pain transmission. Therefore, post-SCI neuronal-glial interactions create maladaptive synaptic circuits and activate intracellular signaling events that permanently contribute to enhanced neuropathic pain. In this review, we describe how hyperactivity of sensory neurons contributes to the maintenance of chronic neuropathic pain via neuronal-glial interactions following SCI.
A cleavage cocktail for methionine‐containing peptides (1999)

A new cocktail has been developed for cleavage and deprotection of methionine-containing peptides synthesized by 9-fluorenylmethoxycarbonyl (Fmoc)-based solid-phase peptide synthesis methodology. The cocktail (trifluoroacetic acid 81%, phenol 5%, thioanisole 5%, 1,2-ethanedithiol 2.5%, water 3%, dimethylsulphide 2%, ammonium iodide 1.5% w/w) was designed to minimize methionine side-chain oxidation. Application of the new cocktail (Reagent H) is demonstrated with the synthesis of a model pentadecapeptide from the active site of DsbC, a periplasmic protein involved in protein disulphide bond formation. The model peptide, which contains one methionine and two cysteine residues, was cleaved with several cleavage cocktails, including Reagent H. The crude peptides obtained with the widely used cocktails K, R and B were found to be 15% to 55% in the methionine sulphoxide form, whereas no methionine sulphoxide was detected in the crude peptide obtained by cleavage and deprotection with Reagent H. Also, no methionine sulphoxide was detected when 1.5% w/w NH4I was added to cocktails K, R and B; however, the yield of the desired peptide was less than with Reagent H. A second 28 amino acid model peptide of the active site of DsbC was also cleaved and deprotected with Reagent H. The reduced dithiol form of the peptide was found to be the major component (51% yield) of the crude peptide obtained by cleavage for 3 h. When the cleavage time was extended to 10 h, the peptide was converted to the intramolecular disulphide form (35% yield). A proposed mechanism for the in situ oxidation of cysteine with Reagent H is presented.
Variable selection and multivariate methods for the identification of microorganisms by flow cytometry (1999)

Flow cytometry provides a rapid method of obtaining multiparametric data for distinguishing between microorganisms. Multivariate data analysis methods have an important role to play in extracting the information from the data obtained. Artificial neural networks proved to be the most suitable method of data analysis.
Aggregate Rate Control for Efficient and Practical Congestion Management (2004)

Active queue management (AQM) promises to overcome the current limitations of end-host only congestion control by providing congestion feedback information before router queue buffers overflow. Many emerging AQM approaches use proportional integral (PI) controller design because of PI&apos;s simplicity and effectiveness. Unfortunately, these promising AQMs still face a critical deployment challenge since there are no simple and effective PI control parameter configurations available for time-delayed systems (i.e. the Internet). As a solution, we present the Aggregate Rate Controller (ARC), a reduced parameter PI controller for Internet traffic. ARC, founded on both classical control theory and a sound understanding of Internet congestion control, uses a low frequency rate-based approach to detect congestion that minimizes control noises and provides more flexible link Quality of Service (QoS) compared with queue-based approaches. In addition, we provide practical configuration guidelines for ARC that produce efficient and resilient performance over a wide range of traffic conditions. Simulations verify that ARC effectively handles network congestion over a range of network and traffic conditions, overall outperforming other mechanisms in terms of queue dynamics, link utilization, data loss rate and object response time for Web traffic.
Furopyridines. <b>XXIV</b>. Nitration, chlorination, acetoxylation and cyanation of 2,3‐dihydrofuro[2,3‐<i>b</i>]‐, ‐[3,2‐<i>b</i>]‐, ‐[2,3‐<i>c</i>]‐ and ‐[3,2‐<i>c</i>]pyridine <i>N</i>‐Oxides (1997)

Abstract Nitration of 2,3‐dihydrofuro[3,2‐ b ]‐ N ‐oxide 3b and ‐[2,3‐ c ]pyridine N ‐oxide 3c afforded the nitropyridine compounds 4b, 5b and 6 from 3b and 4c, 5c, 5′c and 7 from 3c , while ‐[2,3‐ b ]‐ N ‐oxide 3a and ‐[3,2‐ c ]pyridine N ‐oxide 3d did not give the nitro compound. Chlorination of 3b and 3c with phosphorus oxychloride yielded mainly the chloropyridine derivatives 15b, 15′b from 3b and 15c and 15′c from 3c , whereas 3a and 3d gave pyridine derivatives formed through fission of the 1–2 ether bond of the furo‐pyridines 13a , 14 and 13d . Acetoxylation of 3b and 3c gave 3‐acetoxy derivatives 18b and 18c and the parent compound 1b and 1c . Acetoxylation of 3a yielded compounds formed through fission of the 1–2 bond 16 and 17 and 3d gave furopyridones 19 and 19 ′. Cyanation of 3b and 3c yielded mainly the cyanopyridine compounds 20b, 20c and 20′c . Cyanation of 3a and 3d gave the cyanopyridine compounds 20a , 20d and 20′d accompanying formation of the pyridine derivatives 21a, 21d and 21′d .
Negative Piezoresistive Effect in a Stretchable Device Based on a Soft Tunneling Barrier (2020)

<title>Abstract</title> Piezoresistive soft composite materials are widely used in strain sensing and typically exhibit a decrease in conductivity upon elongation—the so-called positive gauge effect. We demonstrate a thin-film architecture that features the inverse behavior: a strain-induced transition from insulating to metallic conductivity, spanning nine orders of magnitude in conductivity. Our approach is based on a nanometer-scale sandwiched bilayer Au thin film with a polydimethylsiloxane elastomeric barrier layer. Upon application of strain, the thickness of the thin soft barrier decreases because of the strain governed by the Poisson effect, followed by electron-tunneling currents through the barrier, forming an interconnected bilayer metal electrode. An extremely high on–off electrical conductivity ratio (~ 10<sup>9</sup>) is observed over a wide range of working strains (as high as 130%), which mimics the ideal features of a mechanical-force-controlled electric transistor. This conceptual design strategy is expected to benefit a wide range of applications in which operation under minimal standby power could be an essential feature, such as in implantable soft strain sensors and in prosthetic long-term monitoring systems for detecting sudden a swelling/volume expansion of human body organs or blood vessels, thereby helping to avoid acute and severe syndromes.
Selective determination of Cr(VI) oxyanions using a poly‐3‐methylthiophene‐modified electrode (1989)

Abstract Poly‐3‐methylthiophene‐modified platinum electrodes are useful for measuring trace levels of chromium(VI) oxyanions. Chromium(III) species do not interfere. The nature of the response is elucidated using scanning electron microscopy and electron microprobe analysis.
Free-space, undirected infrared (IR) voice and data communications with a comparison to RF systems (2003)

A practical, undirected, incoherent IR communications system for indoor and outdoor use. The limitations encountered in both the indoor and outdoor environments are discussed and a link analysis comparison of the two cases is presented. A brief comparison of IR and RF is given listing the advantages and disadvantages of each. Finally, future trends in the area of wireless, undirected communications are proposed.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Viral serotype and the transgene sequence influence overlapping adeno‐associated viral (AAV) vector‐mediated gene transfer in skeletal muscle (2005)

Our findings suggest that AAV serotype and the transgene sequence play critical roles in the overlapping approach. AAV-6 holds great promise for overlapping vector-mediated muscle gene therapy.
Proposed drug interventions for SARS CoV 2 infection (2020)

As the pandemic has already taken lots of lives across the globe, there’s an urgent need for finding treatment options that might help in protection of infected people by either slowing or preventing the progression of the disease. It’s important to understand the structure of virus, the mechanism by which it enters the host cell, replicates and infects other cells causing progression of the disease. This article focuses on use of already available and approved drugs for treatment of corona virus based on their mechanism of action and the structure and the life cycle of the virus.
Differentiation of human CD14+ monocytes: an experimental investigation of the optimal culture medium and evidence of a lack of differentiation along the endothelial line (2016)

The aim of this study was to determine the optimal culturing media for human CD14+ monocytes and to evaluate whether these cells are capable of differentiating into vascular endothelial cells. Human monocytes isolated from peripheral blood were cultured for 1, 3, 7, 10 or 14 days in different media containing either 10% fetal bovine serum (FBS), 10% autologous donor serum (Auto), 10% FBS with interleukin-3 and macrophage colony stimulating factor (FBS-WF) or 10% Auto and the same growth factors (AU-WF). The cells were differentiated using endothelial cell conditioning medium (EC). Viability was measured using the MTT (3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide) assay, and the cells were characterized by histology, immunohistochemistry and western blot analysis. Monocytes treated with Auto, FBS-WF or AU-WF medium generated a significant higher yield of vital cells after 7 days in culture compared with FBS-only medium (mean difference (MD)=0.318, P=0.01; MD=1.83, P=0.04; or MD=0.271, P=0.01 and MD=0.318, P=0.102). All tested media led to the differentiation of monocytes into macrophages, identified by CD68, especially in the FBS-WF medium (MD=+18.3%; P=0.04). Differentiation into ECs caused a significant decrease in cell viability in all media. Endothelial cell markers, including CD31, CD144, VEGF, VEGF-R2 and CD34, could not be detected. Autologous serum significantly increases the yield of monocyte-derived cells with a higher effectiveness than commonly used FBS-only serum. There is no further benefit in culturing monocytes longer than 7 days. The cultivation of monocytes in the tested media leads preferentially to differentiation into macrophages. Differentiation into endothelial cells did not take place.