gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A novel two phase doubly salient permanent magnet motor (2002)

In this paper a dual stator, doubly salient permanent magnet motor is presented. It is shown that the machine has good power density and efficiency, and that the structure is both simple and robot. By shifting one set of stator windings 90 electrical degrees with respect to a second set, a two-phase stator winding is formed. This configuration adds the PM torque produced by each segment but cancels the reluctance torque since the reluctance torques produced by the two-phase windings are out of phase. The principles of operation, finite element analysis and simulation of this new machine are investigated in the paper. Comparison is made between this new machine and the conventional VRM machine.
A Survey on Trajectory Data Mining: Techniques and Applications (2016)

Rapid advance of location acquisition technologies boosts the generation of trajectory data, which track the traces of moving objects. A trajectory is typically represented by a sequence of timestamped geographical locations. A wide spectrum of applications can benefit from the trajectory data mining. Bringing unprecedented opportunities, large-scale trajectory data also pose great challenges. In this paper, we survey various applications of trajectory data mining, e.g., path discovery, location prediction, movement behavior analysis, and so on. Furthermore, this paper reviews an extensive collection of existing trajectory data mining techniques and discusses them in a framework of trajectory data mining. This framework and the survey can be used as a guideline for designing future trajectory data mining solutions.
CeO2 Nanorods Embedded in Ni(OH)2 Matrix for the Non-Enzymatic Detection of Glucose (2017)

The electrode based on cerium oxide (CeO₂) nanorods embedded in nickel hydroxide (Ni(OH)₂) matrix were prepared and used for detecting glucose non-enzymatically. The materials were characterized by X-ray diffraction, transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and so on. The results indicate that the response of CeO₂/Ni(OH)₂ nanocomposite are significantly improved due to the synergetic effect between CeO₂ and Ni(OH)₂. The optimum CeO₂/Ni(OH)₂ nanocomposite electrode exhibits a detection range from 2 μM to 6.62 mM, a sensitivity of 594 μA mM<sup>-1</sup> cm<sup>-2</sup>, an estimated detection limit of 1.13 μM, and a response time less than 5 s. In addition, this biosensor also shows good selectivity, long term stability, and accurate measurement in juice on sale.
Local composition model for excess Gibbs energy of electrolyte systems. Part I: Single solvent, single completely dissociated electrolyte systems (1982)

Abstract An electrolyte local composition model is developed for excess Gibbs energy, which is assumed to be the sum of two contributions, one resulting from long range electrostatic forces between ions and the other from short range forces between all the species. The validity of the model is demonstrated for systems emcompassing the entire range from molecular liquid to fused salt.
The Effects of OP-1206 α-CD on Walking Dysfunction in the Rat Neuropathic Intermittent Claudication Model (2002)

Intermittent motor dysfunction is a clinical symptom associated with partial spinal compression. The present study provides evidence that oral treatment with the prostaglandin E1 analog (OP-1206 alpha-CD) is effective in improving motor dysfunction and spinal cord blood flow in rats with spinal compression.
Phase 0 Clinical Trials: An Answer to Drug Development Stagnation? (2009)

action, pharmacology, bioavailability, pharmacodynamics, and metabolic microdose assessments. These studies of novel agents expose a small number of patients (perhaps 10 or fewer) to a limited duration (eg, 7 days or less) and dose (in the range of one 100th of the dose required to yield a pharmacologic effect of the test substance with a maximum dose of 100 g). 3 They are conducted before the traditional phase I dose-escalation safety and tolerance studies. By not having the traditional phase I objectives of toxicity and dose finding, phase 0 studies can be conducted early in the development process and are actually considered more of a discovery, rather than development, tool. In early 2006, the FDA published “A Guidance for Industry, Investigators, and Reviewers for Exploratory IND Studies” as part of the agency’s critical path initiative to streamline drug development and improve the understanding of drugs early in the clinical process. 3 There must be several considerations before initiating a phase 0
Nicotinic Receptor-Induced Apoptotic Cell Death of Hippocampal Progenitor Cells (1998)

Nicotine has many effects on CNS functions, presumably through its action on neuronal nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (AChRs). One subclass of AChRs that binds the snake venom toxin alpha-bungarotoxin (alpha-Bgt-AChRs) has been shown to modulate neurotransmission in the brain. We now show that alpha-Bgt-AChR activation by low doses of nicotine results in apoptotic cell death of both primary and immortalized hippocampal progenitor cells. In HC2S2-immortalized hippocampal progenitors, nicotine is cytotoxic to undifferentiated cells, whereas it spares the same cells once differentiation has been induced. The activation of alpha-Bgt-AChRs by nicotine results in the induction of the tumor suppressor protein p53 and the cdk inhibitor p21. The cytotoxic effect of nicotine is dependent on extracellular calcium levels and is probably attributable to the poor ability of undifferentiated progenitors to buffer calcium loads. The major calcium buffer in these cells, calbindin D28K, is present only after differentiation has been induced. Furthermore transfection of undifferentiated cells with calbindin results in dramatic protection against the cytotoxic effects of nicotine. These results show that nicotine abuse could have significant effects on the survival of progenitor populations in the developing and adult brain and also suggest an endogenous role for alpha-Bgt-AChRs in neuronal development and differentiation.
Human brain derived neurotrophic factor (<i>BDNF</i>) genes, splicing patterns, and assessments of associations with substance abuse and Parkinson's Disease (2005)

Potential roles for variants in the human BDNF gene in human brain disorders are supported by findings that include: (a) influences that this trophic factor can exert on important neurons, brain regions, and neurotransmitter systems, (b) changes in BDNF expression that follow altered neuronal activity and drug treatments, and (c) linkages or associations between genetic markers in or near BDNF and human traits and disorders that include depression, schizophrenia, addictions, and Parkinson's disease. We now report assembly of more than 70 kb of BDNF genomic sequence, delineation of 7 noncoding and 1 coding human BDNF exons, elucidation of BDNF transcripts that are initiated at several alternative promoters, identification of BDNF mRNA splicing patterns, elucidation of novel sequences that could contribute to activity-dependent BDNF mRNA transcription, targeting and/or translation, elucidation of tissue-specific and brain-region-specific use of the alternative human BDNF promoters and splicing patterns, identification of single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP), and simple sequence length polymorphism (SSLP) BDNF genomic variants and identification of patterns of restricted haplotype diversity at the BDNF locus. We also identified type 2 BDNF-locus transcripts that are coded by a novel gene that is overlapped with type 1 BDNF gene and transcribed in reverse orientation with several alternative splicing isoforms. Association studies of BDNF variants reveal no associations with Parkinson's disease. Comparisons between substance abusers and controls reveal modest associations. These findings increase interest in this diverse human gene.
Toll-Like Receptor 2 and Palmitic Acid Cooperatively Contribute to the Development of Nonalcoholic Steatohepatitis Through Inflammasome Activation in Mice (2012)

TLR2 and palmitic acid cooperatively activate the inflammasome in Kupffer cells and/or macrophages in the development of NASH.
Identification of new schistosoma mansoni genes by the EST strategy using a directional cDNA library (1995)

A directional size-selected cDNA library constructed from Schistosoma mansoni (Sm) adult worm RNA was used for the generation of expressed sequence tags (EST). From one or both ends of 429 distinct cDNA clones 607 EST were obtained. Of these, only 16% were previously known Sm genes. More than 22% of the clones had matches with entries for other organisms in the databases. These new Sm genes constituted a broad range of transcripts distributed among cytoplasmic structural and regulatory proteins, enzymes, membrane, nuclear and secretory proteins, and proteins with other functions. Almost 33% of the clones had no significant database matches and thus potentially represent Sm-specific genes. Among the latter, several clones, as judged by their redundancy in the library, appear to represent abundant transcripts. The data, taken as a whole, more than double the number of Sm genes identified by nucleotide sequencing and indicate the potential value of the adoption of genome sequencing strategies for the rapid increase in knowledge of complex disease-causing organisms.
[Study of plasma androgens in women with autoimmune diseases]. (1984)

The exact significance of a reported androgen deficiency in women with lupus has not yet been determined. The authors decided to study plasma androgen concentrations not only in lupus, but also in other auto-immune diseases as well as non-auto -immune diseases. 43 patients (rheumatoid arthritis (RA): 10; systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE): 11; multiple sclerosis (MS): 11; patients without auto-immune disease: 11) were compared to 13 normal women. The age and the hormone concentrations of these different groups were compared by analysis of variance and by the Kruskal-Wallis test. A statistically significant reduction in androgen levels was only detected in the women with lupus. It therefore appears that the androgen deficiency is not a non-specific consequence of any disease, that it does not represent a predisposing factor for auto-immune disease in general, but that it is specific for lupus.
Applying built-in self-test to majority voting fault tolerant circuits (2002)

Testing requirements for the application of built-in self-test to fault tolerant circuits include: (1) detection of all single and multiple faults and (2) verification of correct circuit operation in the presence of faults. Modifications to built-in logic block observer (BILBO) and circular BIST are proposed which make these techniques satisfy both testing requirements. Evaluation of the two modified BIST approaches via single and multiple stuck-at fault simulation in conjunction with a random fault injection procedure indicate that the modified BILBO approach provides better testing results.
Multi-bit flipping algorithms with probabilistic gradient descent (2017)

A new class of bit flipping algorithms for low-density parity-check codes over the binary symmetric channel is proposed. The algorithms employ multiple bits at a variable node to represent its reliability, and multiple bits a check node to capture the sequence of its syndrome values. The check node update function thus requires a simple bit-shift operation, while the variable node updates require a nonlinear Boolean function. This class of multi-bit flipping (MBF) algorithms is enhanced by the probabilistic gradient descent (PGD) algorithm. The gradient descent algorithm minimizes the variable node energy function which, in addition to the classical term which quantifies the discrepancy between the variable estimate and channel value, also involves an additive term defined as a weighted sum of neighboring check node states. Only the variable nodes with the maximal value of energy are eligible for updating, but the updates are not done by default but probabilistically. The resulting probabilistic gradient descent multi-bit flipping PGD-MBF algorithm combined with rewinding improves the codeword probability of error while keeping the complexity lower than that of the state-of-the-art algorithms of comparable throughput.
Evoked Brain Activity and Personnel Performance (1987)

Abstract : Prior research has suggested that brain recordings such as the neuroelectric evoked potential (EP) and neuromagnetic fields may substantially augment personnel assessment procedures. Such procedures include the measurement and prediction of on-job performance. Areas covered in this report include a discussion of individual difference measurement and its history, followed by a description of evidence for the relationship between neuroelectric recordings and aptitude. Emphasis is given to relationships between EP recording and on-job performance assessment that this Center found over the last 12 years. Finally, a discussion follows of new techniques that we and others are examining and developing to improve the sensitivity of brain function measures, using the neuromagnetic evoked field (EF). Relationships between the EF and on-job performance are described.
Fiber Bragg Gratings for Medical Applications and Future Challenges: A Review (2020)

In the last decades, fiber Bragg gratings (FBGs) have become increasingly attractive to medical applications due to their unique properties such as small size, biocompatibility, immunity to electromagnetic interferences, high sensitivity and multiplexing capability. FBGs have been employed in the development of surgical tools, assistive devices, wearables, and biosensors, showing great potentialities for medical uses. This paper reviews the FBG-based measuring systems, their principle of work, and their applications in medicine and healthcare. Particular attention is given to sensing solutions for biomechanics, minimally invasive surgery, physiological monitoring, and medical biosensing. Strengths, weaknesses, open challenges, and future trends are also discussed to highlight how FBGs can meet the demands of next-generation medical devices and healthcare system.
The Design and Biological Properties Of Iodine-123 Labelled  -Methyl-Branched Fatty Acids (1985)

Journal Article The Design and Biological Properties Of Iodine-123 Labelled β-Methyl-Branched Fatty Acids Get access F. F. Knapp, JR., F. F. Knapp, JR. Nuclear Medicine Group, Health and Safety Research Division, Oak Ridge National LaboratoryOak Ridge, Tennessee 37831, U.S.A. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar M. M. Goodman M. M. Goodman Nuclear Medicine Group, Health and Safety Research Division, Oak Ridge National LaboratoryOak Ridge, Tennessee 37831, U.S.A. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar European Heart Journal, Volume 6, Issue suppl_B, August 1985, Pages 71–83, https://doi.org/10.1093/eurheartj/6.suppl_B.71 Published: 01 August 1985
Resolution of Induced Urinary Tract Infection: An Animal Model to Assess Bladder Immunization (1982)

The resolution of an Escherichia coli urinary tract infection in the bladder and kidneys of control and immunized rats was used to assess their resistance to experimentally induced infection. Prior intravesical immunization of rats with formalin killed E. coli 06 resulted in faster resolution of an infection that had been induced with viable E. coli 06 than was observed in nonimmunized controls. The faster resolution of infection after immunization correlates with our previous findings of decreased adherence of bacteria to urothelium of immunized rats and supports the hypothesis that local immune responses in the urinary tract may play a role in resistance to recurrent urinary tract infections.
Ferroelectric phase shifters for electronically steerable antenna systems (1992)

It is shown that ferroelectric phase shifters for electronically steerable antenna systems can be realized by using an appropriate composition (e.g., Ba/sub 0.45/Sr/sub 0.55/TiO/sub 3/) of barium strontium titanate material in a suitable transmission line medium (waveguide, coaxial line, or microstrip line). Ferroelectric phase shifters will have several advantages over other types of phase shifters, including high power handling capacity, simple driver circuitry, low drive power, and low cost. Because of the large variation (more than 50%) of dielectric constant with DC biasing voltage, the development of low-loss tangent materials due to the addition of small quantities of Fe or Hi or Mn, and sol-gel processing of ultrapure and fine ceramic powders, (Ba-Sr)TiO/sub 3/ materials are particularly suitable for ferroelectric phase shifter applications.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
2-Alkenyl and 2-Alkyl Derivatives of Adenosine and Adenosine-5‘-<i>N</i>-Ethyluronamide:  Different Affinity and Selectivity of <i>E</i>- and <i>Z</i>-Diastereomers at A<sub>2A</sub> Adenosine Receptors (1996)

A series of new 2-(ar)alkenyl, both Z- and E-diastereomers, and 2-alkyl derivatives of adenosine-5'-N-ethyluronamide (NECA) and adenosine were synthesized and evaluated for their interaction with the A1 and A2A adeosine receptors, to better understand the conformational requirements of the receptor area interacting with the substituents in the 2- and 5'-positions. Partial reduction of the triple bond in 2-alkynyl derivatives of NECA led to compounds whose activity at the A2A receptor subtype was related to Z-E-isomerism, the E-diastereomers being more potent and selective than the Z-ones. Saturation of the side chain markedly reduced compound affinity at adenosine receptors. Specifically, compounds bearing an (E)-alkenyl chain, while maintaining the same affinity at A2A receptors as the corresponding alknyl derivatives, showed an increase in A2A vs A1 selectivity. Hence, the new nucleosides (E)-2-hexenylNECA (12a) and (E)-2-(phenylpentenyl)NECA (12b) exhibited both high A2A receptor affinity (Ki = 1.6 and 3.5 nM, respectively) and A2A vs A1 selectivity (157- and 290-fold, respectively). Moreover, 12a displayed potent antiaggregatory activity, similar to that of the reference compound NECA. Comparison between NECA and adenosine derivatives further demonstrated that the 5'-ethylcarboxamido group is critical for the A2A affinity. These studies indicated that the orientation of the substituent in the 2-position and the nature of the 5'-group in adenosine derivatives are critical to achieve high affinity and selectivity at the A2A adenosine receptor subtype.
Unusual Step Patterns in the Free Walking Grasshopper <i>Neoconocephalus Robustus</i> (1978)

ABSTRACT The free walking step patterns of the tettigonid Neoconocephalus robustus are described and compared with the predictions of a model for walking co-ordination developed for the stick insect. Regular absences of rear leg protractions are found when the animal has walked for some minutes. The relative phasing of leg protractions before and after isolated absences suggests that an absence is created by a failure to meet all the conditions required for a protraction and that a ‘central oscillator’ maintains its intrinsic rhythm during such an absence.
Identifying machine learning techniques for classification of target advertising (2020)

There have been numerous applications of artificial intelligence (AI) technologies to online advertising, especially to optimize the reach of target audiences. Previous studies show that improved computational power significantly advances granular audience targeting capabilities. This study investigates and classifies various machine learning techniques that are used to enhance targeted online advertising. Twenty-three machine learning-based online targeted advertising strategies are identified and classified largely into two categories, user-centric and content-centric approaches. The paper also identifies an underexamined area, algorithm-based detection of click frauds, to illustrate how machine learning approaches can be integrated to preserve the viability of online advertising.
Tauroursodeoxycholate—Bile Acid with Chaperoning Activity: Molecular and Cellular Effects and Therapeutic Perspectives (2019)

Tauroursodeoxycholic acid (TUDCA) is a naturally occurring hydrophilic bile acid that has been used for centuries in Chinese medicine. Chemically, TUDCA is a taurine conjugate of ursodeoxycholic acid (UDCA), which in contemporary pharmacology is approved by Food and Drug Administration (FDA) for treatment of primary biliary cholangitis. Interestingly, numerous recent studies demonstrate that mechanisms of TUDCA functioning extend beyond hepatobiliary disorders. Thus, TUDCA has been demonstrated to display potential therapeutic benefits in various models of many diseases such as diabetes, obesity, and neurodegenerative diseases, mostly due to its cytoprotective effect. The mechanisms underlying this cytoprotective activity have been mainly attributed to alleviation of endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress and stabilization of the unfolded protein response (UPR), which contributed to naming TUDCA as a chemical chaperone. Apart from that, TUDCA has also been found to reduce oxidative stress, suppress apoptosis, and decrease inflammation in many in-vitro and in-vivo models of various diseases. The latest research suggests that TUDCA can also play a role as an epigenetic modulator and act as therapeutic agent in certain types of cancer. Nevertheless, despite the massive amount of evidence demonstrating positive effects of TUDCA in pre-clinical studies, there are certain limitations restraining its wide use in patients. Here, molecular and cellular modes of action of TUDCA are described and therapeutic opportunities and limitations of this bile acid are discussed.
Localization of Granule Proteins in Human Eosinophil Bone Marrow Progenitors (1997)

Eosinophils have a characteristic content of cationic proteins, stored in core-containing specific granules and released at sites of inflammation; coreless granules (sometimes called primary) are present in eosinophil promyelocytes. In order to determine a possible relationship between the two granule subsets, immunoelectron-microscopic techniques were used to determine the presence and precise intragranular distribution of major basic protein (MBP), eosinophil cationic protein (ECP), eosinophil peroxidase (EPO), and arylsulfatase B of eosinophil granules, as well as the Charcot-Leyden crystal (CLC) protein, in eosinophil progenitors of the bone marrow. MBP, ECP, EPO, and arylsulfatase B were observed in both coreless and core-containing (specific) granules. The difference in the distribution of MBP, having a uniform distribution in coreless granules and a crystalloid distribution in core-containing (specific) granules, could indicate a maturational process of a common organelle. CLC protein was distributed in the cytosol, in the euchromatin of the nuclei, but was also present in a rare granular compartment of both immature and mature eosinophils. The present findings suggest that coreless granules develop into core-containing specific granules.
Hard-magnetic cell microscaffolds from electroless coated 3D printed architectures (2018)

We report the application of 3D printing and wet metallization to the fabrication of magnetically driven microscaffolds for cell delivery.
A unified statistical approach for determining significant signals in images of cerebral activation (1996)

We present a unified statistical theory for assessing the significance of apparent signal observed in noisy difference images. The results are usable in a wide range of applications, including fMRI, but are discussed with particular reference to PET images which represent changes in cerebral blood flow elicited by a specific cognitive or sensorimotor task. Our main result is an estimate of the P-value for local maxima of Gaussian, t, chi(2) and F fields over search regions of any shape or size in any number of dimensions. This unifies the P-values for large search areas in 2-D (Friston et al. [1991]: J Cereb Blood Flow Metab 11:690-699) large search regions in 3-D (Worsley et al. [1992]: J Cereb Blood Flow Metab 12:900-918) and the usual uncorrected P-value at a single pixel or voxel.