gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A Contextuality Based Quantum Key Distribution Protocol (2015)

In this article we present a new prepare and measure quantum key distribution protocol that uses an experimentally accessible measure of single qubit contextuality to warranty the security of the quantum channel. The definition of contextuality used is that due to Spekkens in which any underlying hidden variable model of the physical system is noncontextual if the probability distribution of the model's hidden variables is independent of the preparation and measurement context. Under this more general definition of noncontextuality the measurement outcomes of a single qubit can be shown to require a contextual model in order to reproduce the results of some non-projective, positive operator valued measurements (POVMs). The proposed protocol utilizes a particular set of POVMs to exhibit the degree of contextuality of the qubits exiting the QKD system's quantum channel. The contextuality measure is defined in terms of the weak values of a set of projective measurements that are implemented as POVMs using weak measurements. The resulting QKD protocol should have a key rate that is equal to or greater than BB84 since none of the sifted key is used to test for the presence of an eavesdropper. Additionally, the new protocol is shown to be immune to detector based attacks.
Practical FeCo Films for Perpendicular Writer Pole (2012)

An attempt is made in this publication to review various developments of FeCo films for recording heads in the last decade and to look at emerging developments regarding these films. A series of FeCo films from 100% Fe to 100% Co was sputter deposited, characterized, and analyzed for various magnetic properties such as magnetostriction, uniaxial anisotropy, coercivity, dispersion, and saturation magnetization. Many process parameters, with the most influencing parameter being sputter pressure, play an important role especially influencing dispersion and/or hard axis coercivity (H <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">ch</sub> ) in these materials. Out of the many developments to date the effect of seed layer(s) in reducing grain size of high moment bcc FeCo films is still intriguing and, hence, a comprehensive review and analysis of seed layer effects are included. Although film stress can play an important role in optimizing H <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">ch</sub> , there is no clear trend seen between film stress and H <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">ch</sub> when viewed across broad processing conditions. Higher H <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">k</sub> evolution with oblique deposition is an interesting phenomenon in these films. Uniaxial anisotropies of nearly 1000 Oe were found. The anisotropy evolution is explained through magnetoelastic energy and through crystal structure. Even though these films are very columnar in nature it was found that there was little to no fiber texture present in these films and there was no difference in texture between fine grained and coarse grained FeCo films.
An ether bridge between cations to extend the applicability of ionic liquids in electric double layer capacitors (2016)

Linking 5% cations with an ether bridge prevents EMIm-TFSI crystallization at low temperatures and promotes the performance of the resultant EDLC.
3 W Near-Diffraction-Limited Power from High-Index-Contrast Photonic-Crystal Quantum Cascade Lasers (2014)

Phase locking, via resonant leaky-wave coupling, of five 8.36 µm-emitting quantum cascade lasers has provided in-phase-mode operation to 3 W with 1.5 x diffraction limit lobewidth and 2.45 W emitted in the main far-field lobe.
Topological Insulator Bi<sub>2</sub>Se<sub>3</sub> Nanowire Field Effect Transistors (2014)

Topological insulator is characterized as a new class of materials which have an insulating band gap in the bulk and gapless surface state which is protected by its intrinsic time-reversal symmetry. Here, we report high-performance topological insulator nanowire field effect transistors (FETs) with sharp turn-on, clear cutoff current, large On/Off current ratio (~ 10 8 ) and well-saturated, strong inversion-mode output current-voltage characteristics. The metallic electron transport at surface, with effective mobility of 200 cm 2 V -1 s -1 ~ 1000 cm 2 V -1 s -1 , and bulk conduction, with activation energy close to band gap of bulk Bi 2 Se 3 can be effectively separated and tuned by gated field effect. We also report the first experimental observation of anomalous Aharonov-Bohm oscillation in Bi 2 Se 3 nanowire FET under strong surface disorder. The magnetotransport properties demonstrated here of topological insulator nanostructure provide effective approaches of surface states modulations, and can enable more spintronics device applications and sensing applications.
Method of manufacturing a multitrack magnetic head employing double helix structure (1987)

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Simplified Synthetic Electrode Strategy for Electrical Capacitance Volume Tomography (2019)

Electrical capacitance volume tomography (ECVT) has been used for imaging of flow media in various industrial applications. An ECVT sensor operates in the Laplacian (quasi-static) regime, which exacerbates the ill-conditioning of the associated inverse problem and the imaging resolution. In this paper, we propose a new strategy to increase image resolution through the use of a higher electrode density sensor, which enables electronic scanning by means of synthetic electrodes. We validate the proposed strategy through various simulations.
Polymorphism of the TRAP gene of<i>Plasmodium falciparum</i> (1990)

Natural sequence variation of the thrombospondin related anonymous protein (TRAP) gene of Plasmodium falciparum has been investigated by DNA analysis following the polymerase chain reaction amplification, and this shows the gene to be highly polymorphic. The region containing the sequence motif Trp-Ser-Pro-Cys-Ser-Val-Thr-Cys-Gly (WSPCSVTCG), common to TRAP, the circumsporozoite protein, properdin, and thrombospondin, was invariant. Elsewhere in the molecule, over 50 amino acid substitutions are described including the insertion of an in-frame, small-variable tandemly repeating motif between amino acid residues 352 and 353. Only one silent mutation was observed. Most nucleotide changes that occur in the first two codon positions result in conservative amino acid changes. Restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) analysis was used to examine inheritance of TRAP in a cross between the HB3 and 3D7 clones of P. falciparum. Out of nine progeny examined, four possessed the HB3 gene and five the 3D7 gene. The TRAP gene hybridized to chromosome 13. Previous work has shown that a subtelomeric region of chromosome 13 from the 3D7 parent (marked by the HRP-III gene) was favoured strongly in this cross. The TRAP gene, however, is over 1 Mb away from this subtelomeric region and exhibits no such linkage because of chromosome crossovers. Five geographically separate isolates shared the same TRAP sequence as well as the same variant of the Th2R/Th3R region from the circumsporozoite protein. The correlation between independent markers in these isolates suggests that they have a common provenance.
Optimizing Solar Power Using Array Topology Reconfiguration With Regularized Deep Neural Networks (2023)

Reconfiguring photovoltaic (PV) array connections among different topologies such as series-parallel, bridge-link, honeycomb, or total-cross-tied is a popular strategy to mitigate impediments in power production caused by partial shading. Conventional approaches rely on either by-passing or replacing shaded modules with auxiliary panels through complex control mechanisms, optimization strategies, or simulator driven approaches to obtain the best topology. However, these solutions are not scalable and incur significant installation costs and computational overhead, motivating the need to develop ‘smart’ methods for topology reconfiguration. To this end, we propose a regularized neural network based algorithm that leverages panel-level sensor data to reconfigure the array to the topology that maximizes power output under arbitrary shading conditions. Based on our simulations that include wiring losses in different configurations, we observe power improvement of up to 11% through reconfiguration. The proposed algorithm can be easily integrated in any cyber-physical PV system with reconfiguration capabilities and is scalable.
Advancing diagnosis and treatment of Niemann-Pick C disease through biomarker discovery (2021)

Niemann-Pick C disease is a rare neurodegenerative, lysosomal storage disease caused by accumulation of unesterified cholesterol. Diagnosis of the disease is often delayed due to its rarity, the heterogeneous presentation, and the early non-specific symptoms. The discovery of disease-specific biomarkers—cholestane-3β,5α,6β-triol (C-triol), trihydroxycholanic acid glycinate (TCG) and N-palmitoyl-O-phosphocholineserine [PPCS, initially referred to as lysosphingomyelin-509 (lysoSM-509)]—has led to development of non-invasive, blood-based diagnostics. Dissemination of these rapid, sensitive, and specific clinical assays has accelerated diagnosis. Moreover, the superior receiver operating characteristic of the TCG bile acid biomarker and its detection in dried blood spots has also facilitated development of a newborn screen for NPC, which is currently being piloted in New York state. The C-triol, TCG and PPCS biomarkers have also been proved useful for monitoring treatment response in peripheral tissues, but are uninformative with respect to treatment efficacy in the central nervous system (CNS). A major gap for the field is the lack of a validated, non-invasive biomarker to monitor the course of disease and CNS response to therapy.
Patterning of Cortical Efferent Projections by Semaphorin-Neuropilin Interactions (1998)

Cortical neurons communicate with various cortical and subcortical targets by way of stereotyped axon projections through the white matter. Slice overlay experiments indicate that the initial growth of cortical axons toward the white matter is regulated by a diffusible chemorepulsive signal localized near the marginal zone. Semaphorin III is a major component of this diffusible signal, and cortical neurons transduce this signal by way of the neuropilin-1 receptor. These observations indicate that semaphorin-neuropilin interactions play a critical role in the initial patterning of projections in the developing cortex.
ChemInform Abstract: 4‐Deoxypyrido[1′,2′:1,2]imidazo[5,4‐;c]rifamycin SV Derivatives. A New Series of Semisynthetic Rifamycins with High Antibacterial Activity and Low Gastroenteric Absorption. (1985)

Abstract Die Verbindungen (I), deren Synthese beschrieben wird, sind antibakteriell hochwirksam.
Dynamic Supramolecular Porphyrin Systems (2005)

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Plexin-B1 mutations in prostate cancer (2007)

Semaphorins are a large class of secreted or membrane-associated proteins that act as chemotactic cues for cell movement via their transmembrane receptors, plexins. We hypothesized that the function of the semaphorin signaling pathway in the control of cell migration could be harnessed by cancer cells during invasion and metastasis. We now report 13 somatic missense mutations in the cytoplasmic domain of the Plexin-B1 gene. Mutations were found in 89% (8 of 9) of prostate cancer bone metastases, in 41% (7 of 17) of lymph node metastases, and in 46% (41 of 89) of primary cancers. Forty percent of prostate cancers contained the same mutation. Overexpression of the Plexin-B1 protein was found in the majority of primary tumors. The mutations hinder Rac and R-Ras binding and R-RasGAP activity, resulting in an increase in cell motility, invasion, adhesion, and lamellipodia extension. These results identify a key role for Plexin-B1 and the semaphorin signaling pathway it mediates in prostate cancer.
Spectinomycin modification. III. Spectinomycin analogs with C-3'-branched chain sugars. (1985)

A variety of C-3'-branched chain analogs of spectinomycin has been synthesized via the intermediacy of spectinomycin derived diazoketones. In vitro antibacterial assay of these compounds has underscored the importance of hydrogen bonding functional groups in this region of the molecule. The most potent of these analogs had activity greater than or equal to the parent.
Discovery of Novel Hydantoins as Selective Non‐Hydroxamate Inhibitors of Tumor Necrosis Factor‐α Converting Enzyme (TACE). (2007)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
An Ultra-High <i>Q</i> Silicon Cantilever Resonator for Thin Film Internal Friction and Young's Modulus Measurements (2012)

An audiofrequency (8.5 kHz) cantilever resonator with an extremely low background internal friction ( Q -1 ≈2×10 -8 ) at liquid helium temperatures has been developed. Above 30 K, the Q of the resonator is dominated by thermoelastic loss; Q -1 is nearly exactly described by Zener’s formula for thermoelastic damping. Below 30 K, Q -1 decreases monotonically with decreasing temperature, reaching a typical baseline of Q -1 =1.5×10 -8 at 400 mK.
Design and Response of a Structural Multifunctional Fuel Cell (2008)

Many U.S. Army systems, such as ground vehicles and fully equipped Soldiers, are comprised of multiple subcomponents which each typically perform unique functions. Combining these functions into a single, multifunctional component may reduce mass and improve overall system efficiency. Of particular interest are structural materials that also provide power- generating or energy-storing capacity and could provide significant weight savings over a range of platforms. In this study, structural fuel cells are proposed and evaluated. A structural multifunctional fuel cell system is designed so that material elements participating in power and energy processes are also carrying significant structural loads. This synergistic approach allows for mass savings through a multifunctional design. Fabrication and design details for this multifunctional system, as well as structural and power/energy performance results, are reported. Critical material properties and fabrication considerations are highlighted, and important technical challenges are identified.
Detection of saliva-range glucose concentrations using organic thin-film transistors (2014)

We describe the development of a glucose sensor through direct incorporation of an enzyme (glucose oxidase) into the gate of an organic thin film transistor (OTFT). We show that glucose diffusion is the key determinant of the device response time and present a mechanism of glucose sensing in these devices that involves protonic doping of the transistor channel via enzymatic oxidation of glucose. The integrated OTFT sensor is sensitive across 4 decades of glucose concentration; a range that encompasses both the blood and salivary glucose concentration levels. As such, this work acts as a proof-of-concept for low-cost printed biosensors for salivary glucose.
Discovery of Novel Nonsteroidal Glucocorticoid Receptor Modulators. (2004)

Abstract For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
2D imaging ellipsometric microscope (1995)

A two-dimensional (2D) imaging ellipsometric microscope (IEM) has been constructed. It overcomes several problems inherent in existing 2D imaging ellipsometers. One can use IEM to measure and map the 2D film thickness profile with high spatial resolution and thickness sensitivity. The performance of the device is demonstrated through the study of the thin-film profile of a spreading liquid drop on a molecularly smooth silicon wafer surface.
In Vitro Assays Predictive of Telomerase Inhibitory Effect of G-Quadruplex Ligands in Cell Nuclei (2013)

G-quadruplex-binding and telomerase-inhibiting capacities of G-quadruplex ligands were examined under a cell nuclei-mimicking condition including excess double-stranded DNA (λ DNA) and molecular crowding cosolute (PEG 200). Under the cell nuclei-mimicking condition, a cationic porphyrin (TMPyP4) did not bind to the G-quadruplex despite the high affinity (Ka = 3.6 × 10(6) M(-1)) under a diluted condition without λ DNA and PEG 200. Correspondingly, TMPyP4 inhibited telomerase activity under the diluted condition (IC50 = 1.6 μM) but not under the cell nuclei-mimicking condition. In contrast, the Ka and IC50 values of an anionic copper phthalocyanine (Cu-APC) under the diluted (2.8 × 10(4) M(-1) and 0.86 μM) and the cell nuclei-mimicking (2.8 × 10(4) M(-1) and 2.1 μM) conditions were similar. In accordance with these results, 10 μM TMPyP4 did not affect the proliferation of HeLa cells, while Cu-APC efficiently inhibited the proliferation (IC50 = 1.4 μM). These results show that the cell nuclei-mimicking condition is effective to predict capacities of G-quadruplex ligands in the cell. In addition, the antiproliferative effect of Cu-APC on normal cells was smaller than that on HeLa cells, indicating that the cell nuclei-mimicking condition is also useful to predict side effects of ligands.
Self-Interference-Threshold-Based MIMO Full-Duplex Precoding (2014)

The full-duplex (FD) single-user multiple-input–multiple-output (SU-MIMO) sum-rate maximization problem leads to a nonconvex optimization problem. In this paper, we introduce a maximum self-interference threshold (SIT) constraint to the sum-rate maximization problem to transform the problem into a convex optimization problem and develop the SIT-based FD precoding (FDP-SIT) algorithm. In particular, the FDP-SIT algorithm consists of an inner loop that assumes fixed threshold values and an outer loop that optimizes each node's threshold values. Illustrative examples show how the proposed FDP-SIT algorithm can provide a tradeoff between the separate and joint FDP algorithms. As well, the measured data-based results suggest that the FDP-SIT algorithm can offer increased sum rates when low cancelation power is used.
SMCQL (2017)

People and machines are collecting data at an unprecedented rate. Despite this newfound abundance of data, progress has been slow in sharing it for open science, business, and other data-intensive endeavors. Many such efforts are stymied by privacy concerns and regulatory compliance issues. For example, many hospitals are interested in pooling their medical records for research, but none may disclose arbitrary patient records to researchers or other healthcare providers. In this context we propose the Private Data Network (PDN), a federated database for querying over the collective data of mutually distrustful parties. In a PDN, each member database does not reveal its tuples to its peers nor to the query writer. Instead, the user submits a query to an honest broker that plans and coordinates its execution over multiple private databases using secure multiparty computation (SMC). Here, each database's query execution is oblivious , and its program counters and memory traces are agnostic to the inputs of others. We introduce a framework for executing PDN queries named smcql . This system translates SQL statements into SMC primitives to compute query results over the union of its source databases without revealing sensitive information about individual tuples to peer data providers or the honest broker. Only the honest broker and the querier receive the results of a PDN query. For fast, secure query evaluation, we explore a heuristics-driven optimizer that minimizes the PDN's use of secure computation and partitions its query evaluation into scalable slices.
Histotripsy beyond the “intrinsic” cavitation threshold using very short ultrasound pulses: “Microtripsy” (2013)

Conventional histotripsy uses pulses with ≥3 cycles wherein the bubble cloud formation relies on the pressure-release scattering of the positive shock fronts from sparsely distributed cavitation bubbles. In a recent work, the peak negative pressure (P(-)) threshold for the generation of dense bubble clouds directly by a negative half cycle were measured, and this threshold has been called the “intrinsic threshold.” In this work, characteristics of lesions generated with this intrinsic threshold mechanism were investigated using RBC phantoms and excised canine tissues. A 32-element, PZT-8, 500 kHz therapy transducer was used to generate short (&lt;2 cycles) histotripsy pulses at PRF = 1Hz and P(-) = 24.5–80.7 MPa. The results showed that the spatial extent of the histotripsy-induced lesions increased as the applied P(-) increased, and the lesion sizes corresponded well to the estimates of the focal regions above the intrinsic threshold. The sizes for the smallest reproducible lesions averaged 0.9 × 1.7mm (lateral × axial), significantly smaller than −6 dB beamwidth of the transducer (1.8 × 4.0 mm). These results suggest that predictable, well-confined and microscopic lesions can be precisely generated using the intrinsic threshold mechanism. Since the supra-threshold portion of the negative half cycle can be precisely controlled, lesions considerably less than a wavelength are easily produced (“microtripsy”).
Regrowth-free single-mode quantum cascade lasers with power consumption below 1 W (2014)

We report on single-mode distributed-feedback quantum cascade lasers emitting at 4.8 μm with continuous-wave threshold power consumption as low as 0.76 W at 20 °C and 0.98 W at 50 °C. Following growth of the laser active region and semiconductor cladding layers by a single molecular beam epitaxy process, devices with 4-μm-wide ridges and vertical sidewall gratings were fabricated using plasma etching and standard dielectric and metal deposition processes. In terms of mode stability, output power, and efficiency, we show that lasers with 1-mm cavity length and high-reflectivity back-facet coatings can match the performance of buried heterostructure devices, but with the advantage of requiring only a single epitaxial growth step.
The <i>HOXB13:IL17BR</i> Expression Index Is a Prognostic Factor in Early-Stage Breast Cancer (2006)

This tumor bank study demonstrated HOXB13:IL17BR index is a strong independent prognostic factor for ER+ node-negative patients irrespective of tamoxifen therapy.
Recovery of EUV Lithography Substrates (1994)

Mo/Si multilayers were removed from superpolished zerodur and fused silica substrates with a dry etching process that, under suitable processing conditions, produces negligible change in either the substrate surface figure or surface roughness. Full recovery of the initial normal incidence extreme ultra-violet (EUV) reflectance response has been demonstrated on reprocessed substrates.