gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Statistical Path Selection for At-Speed Test (2010)

Process variations make at-speed testing significantly more difficult. They cause subtle delay changes that are distributed in contrast to the localized nature of a traditional fault model. Due to parametric variations, different paths can be critical in different parts of the process space, and the union of such paths must be tested to obtain good process space coverage. This paper proposes an integrated at-speed structural testing methodology, and develops a novel branch-and-bound algorithm that elegantly and efficiently solves the hitherto open problem of statistical path tracing. The resulting paths are used for at-speed structural testing. A new test quality metric is proposed, and paths which maximize this metric are selected. After chip timing has been performed, the path selection procedure is extremely efficient. Path selection for a multimillion gate chip design can be completed in a matter of seconds.
Boosting-Based Multimodal Speaker Detection for Distributed Meeting Videos (2008)

Identifying the active speaker in a video of a distributed meeting can be very helpful for remote participants to understand the dynamics of the meeting. A straightforward application of such analysis is to stream a high resolution video of the speaker to the remote participants. In this paper, we present the challenges we met while designing a speaker detector for the Microsoft RoundTable distributed meeting device, and propose a novel boosting-based multimodal speaker detection (BMSD) algorithm. Instead of separately performing sound source localization (SSL) and multiperson detection (MPD) and subsequently fusing their individual results, the proposed algorithm fuses audio and visual information at feature level by using boosting to select features from a combined pool of both audio and visual features simultaneously. The result is a very accurate speaker detector with extremely high efficiency. In experiments that includes hundreds of real-world meetings, the proposed BMSD algorithm reduces the error rate of SSL-only approach by 24.6%, and the SSL and MPD fusion approach by 20.9%. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first real-time multimodal speaker detection algorithm that is deployed in commercial products.
<title>GaN/AlGaN UV photodiodes and phototransistors</title> (1998)

Using MOCVD grown GaN and AlGaN alloys and heterostructures, we realized heterojunction UV photodiodes and phototransistors. We achieved photovoltaic internal quantum efficiency in excess of 90 percent and large UV-visible rejection ratio in the GaN/AlGaN PIN photodiodes. The results indicate high quality heterojunction interface and efficient carrier collection. We demonstrated an n-p-i-n GaN/AlGaN heterojunction bipolar phototransistor with gain in excess of 10<SUP>5</SUP>, and 360 nm to 400 nm rejection ratio of 10<SUP>8</SUP>. The phototransistor features a rapid electrical quenching of photoconductivity therefore can be operated without DC drift, an option not available in unipolar photoconductors. The electrical bandwidth of the phototransistor can be changed to accommodate particular applications by simply adjusting the repetition rate of the quenching pulses. The operation and evaluation of these devices are compared with alternative devices including SiC photodiode and GaN photoconductors.
Macroencapsulation of Sodium Nitrate for Thermal Energy Storage in Solar Thermal Power (2012)

Storage systems based on latent heat storage have high-energy storage density, which reduces the footprint of the system and the cost. However, phase change materials (PCMs) have very low thermal conductivities making them unsuitable for large-scale use without enhancing the effective thermal conductivity. In order to address the low thermal conductivity of the PCMs, macroencapsulation of PCMs is adopted as an effective technique. The macro encapsulation not only provides a self-supporting structure but also enhances the heat transfer rate. In this research, Sodium nitrate (NaNO3), a low cost PCM, was selected for thermal storage in a temperature range of 300–500°C. The PCM was encapsulated in a metal oxide cell using self-assembly reactions, hydrolysis, and simultaneous chemical oxidation at various temperatures. The metal oxide encapsulated PCM capsule was characterized using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The cyclic stability and thermal performance of the capsules were also studied.
Crystal engineering of multiple-component organic solids: Pharmaceutical cocrystals of tadalafil with persistent hydrogen bonding motifs (2011)

Pharmaceutical cocrystals of tadalafil with methylparaben, propylparaben and hydrocinnamic acid have been prepared and characterized. The crystal packing observed in the three resulting cocrystals reveals that tadalafil molecules form persistent hydrogen-bonded chains which accept additional hydrogen bonds from the OH moieties of the respective coformers.
An Efficient Diversity Exploitation in Multiuser Time-Varying Frequency-Selective Fading Channels (2011)

Diversity exploitation is a proven efficient means for addressing detrimental effects of wireless channel fadings. User channelization, where the frequency and time resources are structured into several user channels, can substantially help to capture the diversity, but it has not been well investigated. In this paper, we develop theoretical formulation of optimal resource structures under different performance metrics and then analyze them in frequency-selective time-varying channels. We propose a simplified system model which maintains the main features, and based on which, we develop a new practical approach of user channelization or user resource structuring which captures better diversity for OFDMA systems in multiuser time-varying frequency-selective fading channels. In contrast to the existing user resource structures where relative locations of the resources in the time-frequency grid remain the same throughout the transmission frame, the proposed resource structures evolve within the frame to enjoy better diversity gain. Example designs of the proposed evolving structures are presented from the 3GPP LTE perspective. Simulations done under LTE system environments validate that the proposed practical approach can obtain a near-optimal structure design, and provide significant performance advantage over the existing structures at the mobile speeds ranging from 3 km/h to 350 km/h.
<title>Region of interest micro-angiography: radiographic imaging optimized for vascular interventions</title> (1999)

By changing the design paradigm for radiographic detectors to optimize imaging of a region of interest (ROI) for endovascular interventions, a new class of micro-angiographic detectors is proposed. Such ROI imagers optimized for high spatial resolution over a fraction of the conventional FOV accept compromises in x-ray absorption so that the desired high frequency DQE is achieved. A prototype demonstration system based upon a CsI(Tl) phosphor coupled by a fiber taper to a CCD is compared with an image-intensifier-based digital angiographic (DA) system for imaging typical neuro-vascular pathologies (stenoses, aneurysms, arterio-venous malformations (AVMs) and a variety of stents with wire diameter down to 50 micrometer. Although the zero frequency DQE of the DA unit exceeded that of the prototype with its thin phosphor layer, the prototype excelled in the desired frequency range of 3 - 10 lp/mm. Using an artery block phantom, the smallest 1 mm diameter stenoses and aneurysms were clearly visualized only with the prototype. For imaging stents, details of wires and struts were only visible with the prototype. ROI images of an AVM pig rete model showed more detailed angio-architecture compared to blurred-appearing DA images. It is expected that future such ROI cameras should allow improved clinical interventions.
A new penitrem analog with antiinsectan activity from the sclerotia of Aspergillus sulphureus (1993)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTA new penitrem analog with antiinsectan activity from the sclerotia of Aspergillus sulphureusJodi A. Laakso, James B. Gloer, Donald T. Wicklow, and Patrick F. DowdCite this: J. Agric. Food Chem. 1993, 41, 6, 973–975Publication Date (Print):June 1, 1993Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 June 1993https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jf00030a027https://doi.org/10.1021/jf00030a027research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views209Altmetric-Citations20LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Differential Processing of Leading- and Lagging-Strand Ends at <i>Saccharomyces cerevisiae</i> Telomeres Revealed by the Absence of Rad27p Nuclease (2002)

Saccharomyces cerevisiae strains lacking the Rad27p nuclease, a homolog of the mammalian FEN-1 protein, display an accumulation of extensive single-stranded G-tails at telomeres. Furthermore, the lengths of telomeric repeats become very heterogeneous. These phenotypes could be the result of aberrant Okazaki fragment processing of the C-rich strand, elongation of the G-rich strand by telomerase, or an abnormally high activity of the nucleolytic activities required to process leading-strand ends. To distinguish among these possibilities, we analyzed strains carrying a deletion of the RAD27 gene and also lacking genes required for in vivo telomerase activity. The results show that double-mutant strains died more rapidly than strains lacking only telomerase components. Furthermore, in such strains there is a significant reduction in the signals for G-tails as compared to those detected in rad27delta cells. The results from studies of the replication intermediates of a linear plasmid in rad27delta cells are consistent with the idea that only one end of the plasmid acquires extensive G-tails, presumably the end made by lagging-strand synthesis. These data further support the notion that chromosome ends have differential requirements for end processing, depending on whether the ends were replicated by leading- or lagging-strand synthesis.
Latent Semantic Structure Indexing (LaSSI) for Defining Chemical Similarity (2001)

A novel method for computing chemical similarity from chemical substructure descriptors is described. This new method, called LaSSI, uses the singular value decomposition (SVD) of a chemical descriptor-molecule matrix to create a low-dimensional representation of the original descriptor space. Ranking molecules by similarity to a probe molecule in the reduced-dimensional space has several advantages over analogous ranking in the original descriptor space: matching latent structures is more robust than matching discrete descriptors, choosing the number of singular values provides a rational way to vary the "fuzziness" of the search, and the reduction in the dimensionality of the chemical space increases searching speed. LaSSI also allows the calculation of the similarity between two descriptors and between a descriptor and a molecule.
Utilization of Multiple Real-Time PCR Assays for the Diagnosis of Bordetella spp. in Clinical Specimens (2012)

Bordetella pertussis causes an upper respiratory infection in infants, adolescents, and adults. Diagnosis of pertussis, a vaccine-preventable disease, can be difficult, but recent implementation of real-time PCR assays in laboratories has hastened the ability of clinicians to make an accurate diagnosis. In this paper we describe the method of nasopharyngeal specimen collection, extraction of DNA, and real-time PCR assays that will allow the detection and identification of Bordetella spp. in clinical specimens.
Utilization of Transgenic Silkworms for Recombinant Protein Production (2012)

An efficient system for producing recombinant proteins was constructed using a transgenic silkworm. The system includes a method for creating the transgenic silkworm by injecting vector and helper plasmid DNA into preblastodermal silkworm eggs. The silkworm larva has the capacity to synthesize more than 0.5 g of silk protein during the final instar and expels the protein as a cocoon silk filament. The silk consists of two types of proteins, sericin and fibroin, which are synthesized in the middle silk gland (MSG) and posterior silk gland (PSG), respectively. Recently developed methods for producing recombinant proteins in the silkworm use the silk-synthesis systems in the silk gland and show that recombinant proteins can be produced very efficiently. The method developed in the PSG is suitable for the production of recombinant silk as a fiber for making fabrics and biomaterials for medical purposes. The method in the MSG is adapted for the production of proteins for pharmaceutical purposes.
Compressed Key Sort and Fast Index Reconstruction (2020)

In this paper we propose an index key compression scheme based on the notion of distinction bits by proving that the distinction bits of index keys are sufficient information to determine the sorted order of the index keys correctly. While the actual compression ratio may vary depending on the characteristics of datasets (an average of 2.76 to one compression ratio was observed in our experiments), the index key compression scheme leads to significant performance improvements during the reconstruction of large-scale indexes. Our index key compression can be effectively used in database replication and index recovery of modern main-memory database systems.
Discovery of (<i>S</i>)-1-(1-(4-Chloro-3-fluorophenyl)-2-hydroxyethyl)-4-(2-((1-methyl-1<i>H</i>-pyrazol-5-yl)amino)pyrimidin-4-yl)pyridin-2(1<i>H</i>)-one (GDC-0994), an Extracellular Signal-Regulated Kinase 1/2 (ERK1/2) Inhibitor in Early Clinical Development (2016)

The extracellular signal-regulated kinases ERK1/2 represent an essential node within the RAS/RAF/MEK/ERK signaling cascade that is commonly activated by oncogenic mutations in BRAF or RAS or by upstream oncogenic signaling. While targeting upstream nodes with RAF and MEK inhibitors has proven effective clinically, resistance frequently develops through reactivation of the pathway. Simultaneous targeting of multiple nodes in the pathway, such as MEK and ERK, offers the prospect of enhanced efficacy as well as reduced potential for acquired resistance. Described herein is the discovery and characterization of GDC-0994 (22), an orally bioavailable small molecule inhibitor selective for ERK kinase activity.
Association-Aware Radar Beamforming (2018)

Data association, which assigns radar target detections to target tracks, is a critical component of a radar receiver. Motivated by its importance, this paper introduces the problem of MIMO radar transmit beamforming, which explicitly takes this association step into account. Association-aware beamforming design yields two benefits. First, by avoiding simultaneous illumination of hard to disambiguate targets, the resulting association problem is simplified. Second, by allowing simultaneous illumination of easily disambiguated targets, detection performance is improved. These benefits manifest in a signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) gain and an identifiability gain.
Low-complexity training for rapid timing acquisition in ultra wideband communications (2004)

Rapid timing acquisition with low complexity constitutes a major challenge in realizing the high potential ultra wideband (UWB) technology promises for indoor wireless communications. We design and test such a timing acquisition algorithm based on training symbols. Relying on a judiciously designed preamble, our algorithm achieves clock synchronization at the receiver using simple integrate-and-dump operations over the symbol duration. Analysis and simulations confirm that with a small number of training symbols, our scheme brings bit-error-rate (BER) performance close to that corresponding to the case with perfect timing.
A Dual-Specific Targeting Approach Based on the Simultaneous Recognition of Duplex and Quadruplex Motifs (2017)

Small-molecule ligands targeting nucleic acids have been explored as potential therapeutic agents. Duplex groove-binding ligands have been shown to recognize DNA in a sequence-specific manner. On the other hand, quadruplex-binding ligands exhibit high selectivity between quadruplex and duplex, but show limited discrimination between different quadruplex structures. Here we propose a dual-specific approach through the simultaneous application of duplex- and quadruplex-binders. We demonstrated that a quadruplex-specific ligand and a duplex-specific ligand can simultaneously interact at two separate binding sites of a quadruplex-duplex hybrid harbouring both quadruplex and duplex structural elements. Such a dual-specific targeting strategy would combine the sequence specificity of duplex-binders and the strong binding affinity of quadruplex-binders, potentially allowing the specific targeting of unique quadruplex structures. Future research can be directed towards the development of conjugated compounds targeting specific genomic quadruplex-duplex sites, for which the linker would be highly context-dependent in terms of length and flexibility, as well as the attachment points onto both ligands.
Set-in-stone (2018)

Large-scale binder jetting provides a promising alternative to manual sculpting of sandstone. The weak build material, however, severely limits its use in architectural ornamentation. We propose a structural optimization that jointly optimizes an ornament's strength-to-weight ratio and balance under self-weight, thermal, wind, and live loads. To account for the difference in the tensile and compressive strength of the build material, we turn the Bresler-Pister criterion into a failure potential, measuring the distance to failure. Integrated into an XFEM-based level set formulation, we minimize this potential by changing the topology and shape of the internal structure. To deal with uncertainties in the location of live loads, and the direction of wind loads, we first estimate loads that lead to the weakest structure, then minimize the potential of failure under identified worst-case loads. With the help of first-order optimality constraints, we unify our worst-case load estimation and structural optimization into a continuous optimization. We demonstrate applications in art, furniture design, and architectural ornamentation with three large-scale 3D printed examples.
Millimeter-Wave Synthesis with Optical Frequency Comb in Photonic Crystal Ring Resonators (2020)

Optical frequency synthesis provides pathways toward efficient generation of millimeter-wave traceable to frequency standards. Recent advancements with the Kerr micro-resonator create optical frequency combs on integrated photonic platforms. In this work, we present the photonic crystal ring resonator as a technology for optical generation of millimeter waves. Operating in normal group-velocity dispersion, these device create focused spectra with heightened power on the edges of their bandwidths, making them suitable for Vernier-type locking methods. We demonstrate the capability to precisely engineer the repetition rates of these devices, and to generate millimeter waves by photodetecting the comb power. Based on these capabilities, we propose a dual-comb method to reference a 200 GHz millimeter-wave frequency to a 1.7 GHz beatnote.
Comprehensive Investigation of Single Crystal Diamond Deep-Ultraviolet Detectors (2012)

The wide bandgap of diamond, along with its extreme semiconductor properties, offers the promising route for deep-ultraviolet (DUV) detection, especially under solar-blind condition and harsh environments. The ideal photodetector should generally satisfy the 5S requirements such as high sensitivity, high signal-to-noise ratio, high spectral selectivity, high speed, and high stability. In this paper, we comprehensively investigate the DUV detectors fabricated from various kinds of single crystal diamonds such as boron-doped diamond homoepitaxial layer, intrinsic diamond homoepitaxial layers with different thicknesses, and single crystal diamond substrates. The post process such as hydrogen plasma treatment on the performance of the DUV detectors is also examined. The strategies to develop high-performance diamond DUV detectors are provided.
Discovery of the First α-Amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionic Acid (AMPA) Receptor Antagonist Dependent upon Transmembrane AMPA Receptor Regulatory Protein (TARP) γ-8 (2016)

Transmembrane AMPA receptor regulatory proteins (TARPs) are a family of scaffolding proteins that regulate AMPA receptor trafficking and function. TARP γ-8 is one member of this family and is highly expressed within the hippocampus relative to the cerebellum. A selective TARP γ-8-dependent AMPA receptor antagonist (TDAA) is an innovative approach to modulate AMPA receptors in specific brain regions to potentially increase the therapeutic index relative to known non-TARP-dependent AMPA antagonists. We describe here, for the first time, the discovery of a noncompetitive AMPA receptor antagonist that is dependent on the presence of TARP γ-8. Three major iteration cycles were employed to improve upon potency, CYP1A2-dependent challenges, and in vivo clearance. An optimized molecule, compound (-)-25 (LY3130481), was fully protective against pentylenetetrazole-induced convulsions in rats without the motor impairment associated with non-TARP-dependent AMPA receptor antagonists. Compound (-)-25 could be utilized to provide proof of concept for antiepileptic efficacy with reduced motor side effects in patients.
Hydrocarbon-Steam Processes for Recovery of Bitumen from Oil Sands (1980)

Abstract The use of hydrocarbons together with steam was investigated as a means for improving recovery and other operating parameters in the interwell vertical steam-stimulation process for recovery of bitumen from oil sands. A total of 42 experiments were conducted using a two-well, 18-inch diameter, three-dimensional elemental physical simulator operating at conditions close to those anticipated in the oil sands area of interest. The results of 20 of these experiments are presented. A range of hydrocarbons from methane through ethane, propane, butane, pentane, natural gasoline, naphtha, to synthetic GCOS crude were investigated. The results of many of these experiments are presented and a number of observations and conclusions drawn. A proposed recovery process based on this work is presented.