gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
An Autonomous Distal Reward Learning Architecture for Embodied Agents (2012)

Distal reward refers to a class of problems where reward is temporally distal from actions that lead to reward. The difficulty for any biological neural system is that the neural activations that caused an agent to achieve reward may no longer be present when the reward is experienced. Therefore in addition to the usual reward assignment problem, there is the additional complexity of rewarding through time based on neural activations that may no longer be present. Although this problem has been thoroughly studied over the years using methods such as reinforcement learning, we are interested in a more biologically motivated neural architectural approach. This paper introduces one such architecture that exhibits rudimentary distal reward learning based on associations of bottom-up visual sensory sequences with bottom-up proprioceptive motor sequences while an agent explores an environment. After sufficient learning, the agent is able to locate the reward through chaining together of top-down motor command sequences. This paper will briefly discuss the details of the neural architecture, the agent-based modeling system in which it is embodied, a virtual Morris water maze environment used for training and evaluation, and a sampling of numerical experiments characterizing its learning properties.
Dietary sulfur-containing amino acids and glycine as determinant factors in plasma cholesterol regulation in growing rats. (1985)

sulfur-containing amino acids, glycine, plasma cholesterol
EFFECT OF TACROLIMUS ON HEMODYNAMICS AND ABSORPTION OF EXPERIMENTAL SMALL INTESTINAL TRANSPLANTS1 (1996)

We have previously reported the adverse effects of cyclosporine on small intestine transplant physiology. In this study, we report for the first time the effect of tacrolimus (FK) on graft intestinal blood flow and intramural distribution, vascular resistance, and absorptive function. Isogeneic small intestine transplantation was performed in Lewis rats. Animals were grouped based upon the following treatment schedules: no treatment for 1 week in group 1; 0.6 ml/kg/day i.m. polyethylene glycol (PEG) for 1 week in group 2; 2 mg/kg/day i.m. FK for 1 week in group 3; 0.6 ml/kg/day PEG for 1 week and then 0.3 ml/kg/day for 5 weeks in group 4; 2 mg/kg/day FK for 1 week and then 1 mg/kg/day for 5 weeks in group 5. Group 6 was the same as in group 5 but FK was withdrawn for 1 week prior to assessment. Maltose absorption was measured to evaluate graft absorptive function. Blood flow and its intramural distribution to mucosal and serosal/muscularis layers were determined using the radioactive microsphere technique. Perfusion pressure was measured to calculate vascular resistance. One week of FK administration in group 3 did not change graft hemodynamics and absorption significantly. Prolonged FK treatment up to 6 weeks in group 5 resulted in a significant increase in mucosal vascular resistance (71.0 +/- 9.6 versus 47.7 +/- 6.7 U/g, P<0.01) and significant decreases in mucosal blood flow (1.14 +/- O.15 versus 1.69 +/- 0.24 ml/g/min, P<0.01) and maltose absorption (30 min after loading. 155.4 +/- 26.9 versus 216.4 +/- 29.6, P<0.01; 60 min after loading: 172.9 +/- 24.5 versus 229.1 +/- 32.6 glucose mg/dl P<0.01). The serosal/muscularis layer remained relatively unaffected. Withdrawal of FK for 1 week after prolonged treatment in group 6 resulted in restorations of all parameters measured to normal ranges. We conclude that a short course of FK is safe, but prolonged FK administration has harmful effects on the hemodynamics and function of small intestinal transplants. Complete recovery is achieved when FK is discontinued.
Numerical investigation on the leakage characteristics of stepped labyrinth seal (2016)

Labyrinth seals are widely used in gas turbines and steam turbines to reduce leakage flow from high to low pressure regions through gaps. To further explore the factors that influencing leakage characteristics of stepped labyrinth seal, seal clearance and step height were numerically investigated. The geometries investigated represent a typical design of modern gas turbines. A range of pressure ratios, seal clearance and step height were covered in this study. Dimensionless discharge coefficient, describing the sealing performance, was adopted to evaluate in influence of seal clearance and step height on stepped labyrinth seal. The results show that pressure ratio, seal clearance and step height all affect the sealing performance. Seal clearance has a positive correlation with leakage rate, while a negative correlation with discharge coefficient. Comparing to straight-through labyrinth seal, stepped has better seal performance for the blocking effects of steps. Also an optimum step height has been found, which is nearly 2 times of the seal clearance. Future research work will be required to examine the results by experiments.
Integrated Planning and Implementation of a Blue-Green Architecture Project by Applying a Design-Build Teaching Approach (2022)

Blue-green architecture (BGA) describes buildings and open spaces that combine nature-based and technical systems of vegetation and urban water management. This creates positive effects on the urban climate, public health, biodiversity, and water balance. In this study, a design strategy for BGA is applied and evaluated on a practical project. The project consists of an interdisciplinary course in which students of architecture and landscape architecture designed and implemented a BGA for a school garden in Munich, Germany. The students worked in an interdisciplinary planning team in which they took on different roles and responsibilities (blue/green/integration). As a result, the design was put into practice by their own hands and a nature-based system was built. The greywater from the school garden is now treated in a constructed wetland and, in combination with rainwater, feeds into a redesigned pond. Biodiversity was increased and a contribution to the environmental education of the pupils was made. The students demonstrated high learning success. Finally, the design strategy for BGA was positively evaluated using a design-based research approach and additional points were added for future applications.
Continuous cell sorting and interactive cell handling on channel-less chips using image dielectrophoresis (2005)

In this paper we demonstrated a new approach for continuous cell sorting and cell handling using image dielectrophoresis (iDEP). The cells tested in this study included E. coli, yeast and cyanothece. Cell sortings of species and of viability were conducted in continuous fluidic channels. For instance, viable E. coli and viable cyanothece were separated at 20V/sub pp/ at 10kHz in water with conductivity of 5.4/spl mu/S/cm at the flow rate of 5/spl mu/L/min. Once sorted, the trapped cells were interactively manipulated through images of PC mouse cursor in real time.
Positive Regulation of Phagocytosis by SIRPβ and Its Signaling Mechanism in Macrophages (2004)

SIRPbeta (signal-regulatory protein beta) is a transmembrane protein that is expressed in hematopoietic cells but whose functions are unknown. We have now cloned mouse SIRPbeta cDNA and have shown that the gene is expressed in various tissues in addition to cells of the macrophage lineage. Engagement of SIRPbeta by specific monoclonal antibodies promoted Fcgamma receptor-dependent or -independent phagocytosis in mouse peritoneal macrophages. It also induced marked activation of MAPK and the upstream kinase MEK but weak activation of Akt. MEK inhibitors markedly blocked the promotion of phagocytosis by SIRPbeta, whereas an inhibitor of phosphoinositide 3-kinase partly blocked such response. In addition, inhibitors of myosin light chain kinase or of myosin ATPase blocked the promotion of phagocytosis by SIRPbeta. Furthermore, SIRPbeta induced the formation of filopodia and lamellipodia in macrophages as well as the translocation of activated MAPK to these structures. It also elicited tyrosine phosphorylation of DAP12, Syk, and SLP-76, and a Syk inhibitor blocked the promotion of phagocytosis and activation of MAPK by SIRPbeta. Our results suggest that engagement of SIRPbeta promotes phagocytosis in macrophages by inducing the tyrosine phosphorylation of DAP12, Syk, and SLP-76 and the subsequent activation of a MEK-MAPK-myosin light chain kinase cascade.
Augmented data transmission for DTMB system (2013)

An augmented data transmission (ADT) scheme for the Digital Television Terrestrial Multimedia Broadcasting (DTMB) systems based on the technique of embedded constellation is proposed in this paper. With the proposed ADT scheme, the transmission rates of receivers with sufficient good channel conditions are increased at the cost of little impact to the performance of legacy receivers, which is verified by AMI analysis and BER simulation. Additional RF spectrum is not required and no additional complexity is introduced to legacy receivers. What's more, the proposed ADT scheme is backward compatible with the existing DTMB system.
Quotient gradient methods for solving constraint satisfaction problems (2002)

In this paper, we propose a novel systematic method for locating multiple disjoint feasible regions for a general constraint satisfaction problems (or non-linearly constrained systems of equations). A theoretical foundation of the novel method is developed on the basis of the stability theory for a class of non-hyperbolic dynamical systems. The proposed method consists of the following: (i) approach a feasible region and (ii) escape from a feasible region and move toward another feasible region. Two numerical examples are given to illustrate the proposed method.
ChemInform Abstract: Palladium‐ and/or Copper‐Mediated Cross‐Coupling Reactions Between 1‐ Alkynes and Vinyl, Aryl, 1‐Alkynyl, 1,2‐Propadienyl, Propargyl and Allylic Halides or Related Compounds (1995)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
High Speed Accessing Magneto-Optical Disk Drive (1988)

A high speed accessing 5.25-inch half-height MO ( magneto-optical ) disk drive has been developed. Average accessing time in the absence of latency is 26 ms. A split optical system with a swing-arm tracking actuator made it possible to realize such high speed accessing. In addition, this MO disk drive can provide the formatted data storage capacity of more than 300 MB.
Preventing Assembly and Crystallization of Alkane Acids at the Silica–Bitumen Interface To Enhance Interfacial Resistance to Moisture Damage (2019)

The accumulation and crystallization of alkane acids at the interface of bitumen and siliceous aggregates are known to increase the propensity for moisture damage in bitumen-based composites such as asphalt pavement. This paper examines strategies for surface passivation of siliceous substrates to prevent alkane acid accumulation at the bitumen–silica interface. This study involves three parts: (1) direct imaging of model bitumen–silica interfaces by atomic force microscopy (AFM), (2) transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and in situ Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) of silica nanoparticles (SiO2 NPs) passivated with bioderived compounds, and (3) density functional theory (DFT) computational modeling of single-molecule binding energies to siliceous surfaces. AFM results suggest that acid crystallization at the bitumen–silica interface is initiated by acid molecules binding to active sites of siliceous surfaces and that acid accumulation can be effectively prevented by the passivation of these active sites. From a mixture of bioderived compounds, the primary molecules that bound to SiO2 NP were rich in polyaromatic and polar groups as determined by TEM and FTIR. DFT modeling identified specific bioderived molecules with high affinity for silica that could displace alkane acids from siliceous substrates while passivating active sites of siliceous surfaces. Accordingly, the study results demonstrate the feasibility of designing functional materials with built-in reinforcement mechanisms against moisture damage. Understanding the role of surface-active compounds and their adsorption mechanisms can help improve current design methodologies used for paving mixtures and develop adhesion promotors to enhance the resistance of bitumen–silica interface to moisture damage. The study results show that autonomous molecular migration can be exploited for the design of functional materials with built-in reinforcement mechanisms against moisture damage.
Ethidium bromide and its photoreactive analogs: spectroscopic anlysis of deoxyribonucleic acid binding properties (1981)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTEthidium bromide and its photoreactive analogs: spectroscopic anlysis of deoxyribonucleic acid binding propertiesDavid E. Graves, Charles L. Watkins, and Lerena W. YieldingCite this: Biochemistry 1981, 20, 7, 1887–1892Publication Date (Print):March 31, 1981Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 31 March 1981https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/bi00510a026https://doi.org/10.1021/bi00510a026research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views317Altmetric-Citations60LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
<title>Geometrical image compression with bandelets</title> (2003)

This paper introduces a new class of bases, called bandelet bases, which decompose the image along vectors that are elongated in the direction of a geometric flow. This geometric flow indicates the direction in which the image grey levels have regular variations. The image decomposition in a bandelet basis is implemented with a fast subband filtering algorithm. Bandelet bases lead to optimal approximation rates for geometrically regular images. For image compression, the bandelet basis geometry is optimized with a fast best basis algorithm. Comparisons are made for image compression with wavelet basis.
Status of R&D of the ANKOK project: Low mass WIMP search using double phase argon detector (2016)

The ANKOK project is a new dark matter search experiment in Japan using the double phase　liquid argon detector which is specialized for the low mass (~10 GeV/c2) WIMP detection. We
are currently proceeding R&D efforts to establish its physics sensitivity, such as understanding of the liquid argon scintillation and ionization processes for very low energy deposition (~20 keV) and development of the new photo-sensor which has direct sensitivity for the 128 nm VUV light.
 In the next few years, we are targeting to construct a detector with ﬁducial mass of several tens of
kg, and to collect the underground physics data to search for the low mass WIMP.
A Turn for the Better: ‘Prone Positioning’ of Patients with ARDS (2001)

Barbara S. Marion is a staff nurse in the Medical Intensive Care Unit at the University of Chicago Hospitals in Chicago. The author wishes to acknowledge Anne Pohlman, RN, MSN, critical care clinical nurse specialist, coordinator critical care clinical research at the University of Chicago Hospitals, for her guidance.
UV‐Light‐Induced Swelling and Visible‐Light‐Induced Shrinking of a TiO<sub>2</sub>‐Containing Redox Gel (2007)

A poly(acrylate) gel containing Ag+ and TiO2 nanoparticles is swollen by UV light and shrunk by visible light in water (see figure and cover). The swollen gel keeps its size and shape in the dark. Localized irradiation with UV and visible light causes localized swelling and shrinking, respectively.
Biological and medical applications of plasma-activated media, water and solutions (2018)

Non-thermal atmospheric pressure plasma has been proposed as a new tool for various biological and medical applications. Plasma in close proximity to cell culture media or water creates reactive oxygen and nitrogen species containing solutions known as plasma-activated media (PAM) or plasma-activated water (PAW) - the latter even displays acidification. These plasma-treated solutions remain stable for several days with respect to the storage temperature. Recently, PAM and PAW have been widely studied for many biomedical applications. Here, we reviewed promising reports demonstrating plasma-liquid interaction chemistry and the application of PAM or PAW as an anti-cancer, anti-metastatic, antimicrobial, regenerative medicine for blood coagulation and even as a dental treatment agent. We also discuss the role of PAM on cancer initiation cells (spheroids or cancer stem cells), on the epithelial mesenchymal transition (EMT), and when used for metastasis inhibition considering its anticancer effects. The roles of PAW in controlling plant disease, seed decontamination, seed germination and plant growth are also considered in this review. Finally, we emphasize the future prospects of PAM, PAW or plasma-activated solutions in biomedical applications with a discussion of the mechanisms and the stability and safety issues in relation to humans.
Directing Stem Cell Differentiation by Changing the Molecular Mobility of Supramolecular Surfaces (2014)

Polymer surfaces with a wide range of hydrated surface mobility are developed by a simple deposition method with supramolecular block copolymers. The morphologies of adhering stem cells are greatly dependent on the surface mobility of polymers, and this induces significant changes in the cytoskeletal signaling pathway to direct the downstream stem cell differentiation.
SparseFool: A Few Pixels Make a Big Difference (2019)

Deep Neural Networks have achieved extraordinary results on image classification tasks, but have been shown to be vulnerable to attacks with carefully crafted perturbations of the input data. Although most attacks usually change values of many image's pixels, it has been shown that deep networks are also vulnerable to sparse alterations of the input. However, no computationally efficient method has been proposed to compute sparse perturbations. In this paper, we exploit the low mean curvature of the decision boundary, and propose SparseFool, a geometry inspired sparse attack that controls the sparsity of the perturbations. Extensive evaluations show that our approach computes sparse perturbations very fast, and scales efficiently to high dimensional data. We further analyze the transferability and the visual effects of the perturbations, and show the existence of shared semantic information across the images and the networks. Finally, we show that adversarial training can only slightly improve the robustness against sparse additive perturbations computed with SparseFool.
Latency Associated Peptide Has In Vitro and In Vivo Immune Effects Independent of TGF-β1 (2008)

Latency Associated Peptide (LAP) binds TGF-beta1, forming a latent complex. Currently, LAP is presumed to function only as a sequestering agent for active TGF-beta1. Previous work shows that LAP can induce epithelial cell migration, but effects on leukocytes have not been reported. Because of the multiplicity of immunologic processes in which TGF-beta1 plays a role, we hypothesized that LAP could function independently to modulate immune responses. In separate experiments we found that LAP promoted chemotaxis of human monocytes and blocked inflammation in vivo in a murine model of the delayed-type hypersensitivity response (DTHR). These effects did not involve TGF-beta1 activity. Further studies revealed that disruption of specific LAP-thrombospondin-1 (TSP-1) interactions prevented LAP-induced responses. The effect of LAP on DTH inhibition depended on IL-10. These data support a novel role for LAP in regulating monocyte trafficking and immune modulation.
Angiogenesis by transplantation of HIF‐1α modified EPCs into ischemic limbs (2007)

Hypoxia inducible factor-1 alpha (HIF-1 alpha) is a key determinant of oxygen-dependent gene regulation in angiogenesis. HIF-1 alpha overexpression may be beneficial in cell therapy of hypoxia-induced pathophysiological processes, such as ischemic heart disease. To address this issue, human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMNCs) were induced to differentiate into endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs), and then were transfected with either an HIF-1 alpha-expressing or a control vector and cultured under normoxia or hypoxia. Hypoxia-induced HIF-1 alpha mRNA and protein expression was increased after HIF-1 alpha transfection. This was accompanied by VEGF mRNA induction and increased VEGF secretion. Hypoxia-stimulated VEGF mRNA induction was significantly abrogated by HIF-1 alpha-specific siRNA. Functional studies showed that HIF-1 alpha overexpression further promoted hypoxia-induced EPC differentiation, proliferation and migration. The expressions of endothelial cell markers CD31, VEGFR2 (Flk-1) and eNOS as well as VEGF and NO secretions were also increased. Furthermore, in an in vivo model of hindlimb ischemia, HIF-1 alpha-transfected EPCs homed to the site of ischemia. A higher revascularization potential was also demonstrated by increased capillary density at the injury site. Our results revealed that endothelial progenitor cells ex vivo modification by hypoxia inducible factor-1 alpha gene transfection is feasible and may offer significant advantages in terms of EPC expansion and treatment efficacy.
Fingerprint image compression (2002)

Storage of fingerprint image databases needs allocation of huge secondary storage devices. To reduce the increasing demand on storage space, efficient data compression techniques are badly needed. In addition to that, the exchange of fingerprint images between governmental agencies could be done fast. The compression algorithm must also preserve the original information in the original image. This research work focuses on finding the best parameters at the very beginning stage of selecting the wavelet packet filter bank. The experiments performed on 38 different filter banks lead us to the conclusion that the Coif5 filter bank results in 60% saving in storage space compared to the currently used standard Bior7.9. Statistical significance of the compression results indicated that we are 95% confident that the average number of non-zero coefficients lies in the range 5.33/spl plusmn/0.431 in the case of Coif5 and 8.53/spl plusmn/1.2 in the case of the Bior7.9. Objective image quality measures such as the mean square error, the peak signal-to-noise ratio were used to measure the reconstructed image quality. These measures showed a relative improvement in image quality compared to that achieved by the current standard while achieving a higher compression rate.