gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
An optimal solution for operating a three-phase variable frequency drive from a single-phase AC source (2014)

When using a three-phase Variable Frequency Drive (VFD) powered from a single-phase AC source, output power of the drive has to be limited to prevent higher component stresses in the drive and in the input power system. To overcome this issue, many VFD manufacturers de-rate the drive. Typically, the output frequency of the drive is limited, based on the DC bus voltage ripple so that the DC bus capacitors are not overstressed. Though the traditional method reduces the stress in the DC capacitors, it does not take into account the stresses in other components of the VFD, especially the input diodes and terminal blocks. In this paper, a new method of protecting the drive using the motor q-axis current is proposed. The motor q-axis current, is shown to have information pertaining to the stresses in various parts of the VFD including the input diodes, input terminal block, and the DC bus capacitors. The output power is proposed to be limited by reducing the output frequency based on the average and ripple amplitude of the q-axis current instead of the DC bus voltage ripple. To prove the concept, the traditional DC bus voltage ripple based fold-back method is experimentally compared with the proposed method using a low power VFD fed from a single-phase AC source.
Accurate Prediction of Real-Time MPEG-4 Variable Bit Rate Video Traffic (2007)

In this letter, we propose a novel algorithm to predict MPEG-coded real-time variable bit rate (VBR) video traffic. From the frame size measurement, the algorithm extracts the statistical property of video traffic and utilizes it for the prediction of the next frame for I-, P-, and B- frames. The simulation results conducted with real-world MPEG-4 VBR video traces show that the proposed algorithm is capable of providing more accurate prediction than those in the research literature.
Preparation of high-<i>Tc</i> superconducting Bi-Sr-Ca-Cu-O films by organometallic chemical vapor deposition using second-generation fluorocarbon-based precursors (1991)

High-Tc superconducting Bi-Sr-Ca-Cu-O thin films with good electrical properties and smooth surface morphologies have been prepared by low-pressure organometallic chemical vapor deposition using the new fluorocarbon-based precursors Sr(hexafluoroacetylacetonate)2⋅tetraglyme and Ca(hexafluoroacetylacetonate)2⋅triglyme together with Cu(acetylacetonate)2 and triphenylbismuth [Bi(C6H5)3]. The fluorinated precursors are air-stable and exhibit high, stable volatility even after prolonged heating. X-ray diffraction measurements reveal that the films deposited at 650 °C contain some fluoride phases but no high-Tc phases. However, post-annealing in oxygen produces films composed predominantly of the Bi2Sr2CaCu2Ox phase with high preferential orientation of the crystallite c axes perpendicular to the substrate surface. Four-probe resistivity measurements indicate the onset of film superconductivity at ∼100 K and zero resistivity achieved at 73 K.
Prothrombin And Abnormal (Des-γ-Carboxy) Prothrombin: Assessment Of Plasma Levels By Ria In Disorders Of Hepatic Vitamin K-Dependent Carboxylation (1981)

The vitamin K-dependent blood coagulation zymogens contain γ-carboxyglutamic acid (Gla) in their amino terminal domains. The presence of these Gla residues is necessary for the physiologic activation of these zymogens to proteases. The Gla residues are synthesized from glutamic acids on precursor proteins in the liver by a vitamin K-dependent carboxylase. In treatment with vitamin K antagonists or in the presence of vitamin K-deficiency carboxylation is impaired and des-γ-carboxy forms circulate in the blood. We have developed specific RIAs for human prothrombin (NPT) and for des-γ-carboxy human prothrombin (APT) to evaluate the levels of these species in human plasma. These plasma assays measure only NPT despite the presence of APT or only APT despite the presence of NPT. These results suggest that total prothrombin synthesis is decreased in patients treated with warfarin and in patients with intrinsic liver disease compared to normals or to vitamin K-deficient patients. APT is not a component of normal plasma (>0.03 g/ml). However APT is present in 90% of the patients with intrinsic liver disease. In ten patients with liver disease in whom samples were obtained before and after vitamin K administration APT persisted in the plasma. This indicates impaired vitamin-K-dependent car-boxylation in these disorders. We feel that the patterns of plasma NPT and APT in these disease states are characteristic and may prove useful in identifying and distinguishing liver disease from disorders of PT biosynthesis.
Fast and long-distance differential-phase-shift quantum key distribution (2006)

A differential-phase-shift quantum key distribution experiment employing up-conversion single-photon detectors is presented. We achieved a 1-Mbit/s sifted key rate over a 20-km optical fiber, and distributed keys secure against general individual attacks over 75 km.
The history of interferon and its use in animal therapy. (1990)

The history of the discovery and development of knowledge on interferon is reviewed in some depth. Although interferons have been considered a very exciting group of proteins for many years during which they were initially shown to have antiviral effects and lately immunomodulatory and immunoregulatory effects, attempts to use them in the therapy of animal and human disease have been disappointing. The initial problem was to obtain sufficient quantities of purified interferons for use in clinical trials. This was overcome in the 1980's by the use of biotechnological techniques which resulted in the synthesis of adequate amounts of interferons. While beneficial aspects of interferon therapy have been shown in a variety of experiments, both in animals and humans, the great potential for interferon treatment has yet to be achieved. In the body, interferon is produced in such small quantities as compared to the large quantities which have been normally used in therapy and it is well recognized that these proteins, the interferons, are particularly potent. A small group of scientists working from biological principles, originating from U.S.A. and are now being developed in Kenya, have found powerful beneficial effects when relatively low dose of IFN-alpha is applied orally to animals and humans, particularly for the treatment of AIDS and East Coast fever. It is now known that interferons are only a part of the cytokine network and indirect and direct effects of interferon can occur on cells to change their behaviour. Many of these effects are non-specific and have a general effect on the course of diseases which, hopefully, can be translated into effective broad spectrum therapy, for man and animals.
Monolithically integrated THz transceivers (2011)

We describe a monolithically integrated THz transceiver consisting of a Schottky diode embedded into a THz quantum cascade laser (QCL) waveguide. Besides functioning as a heterodyne receiver for externally incident radiation, the device is a useful tool for characterizing the performance and dynamics of the QCL. Here we present an overview of the device, demonstrate receiver operation, and present laser dynamics measurements especially related to feedback of the QCL's emission due to retroreflections.
Pyridinium Trifluoroacetate/<i>N</i>-Methylimidazole as an Efficient Activator for Oligonucleotide Synthesis via the Phosphoramidite Method (2000)

A new activator is reported for coupling phosphoramidites to a free 5‘-hydroxyl group during oligonucleotide synthesis. Pyridinium trifluoroacetate/N-methyl imidazole is a remarkably efficient replacement for 1H-tetrazole in the solid-supported synthesis of oligonucleotides. This reagent is safe and inexpensive, is not moisture-sensitive, and is soluble in acetonitrile.
Self-assembled materials and devices that process light (2004)

Self-assembled superlattices (SASs) are intrinsically acentric and highly cross-linked structures. For organic electro-optics, they offer great advantages such as not requiring electric field poling for creating an acentric, EO-active microstructure and having excellent chemical, thermal, and orientational stabilities. In this paper, a greatly improved two-step all "wet-chemical" self-assembly (SA) approach is reported. Excellent radiation hardness of the SAS films is demonstrated by high-energy proton irradiation experiments. By introducing metal oxide nanolayers during SA, we show that the refractive indices of SAS films can be tuned over a wide range. Through special chromophore design, the optical absorption maxima of SAS films can also be greatly blue-shifted. Prototype waveguiding electro-optic modulators have been fabricated using the SAS films integrated with low-loss polymeric materials functioning as partial guiding and cladding layers. EO parameters such as the half-wave voltage and the effective electro-optic coefficient are reported.
Regulated lysosomal exocytosis mediates cancer progression (2015)

Understanding how tumor cells transition to an invasive and drug-resistant phenotype is central to cancer biology, but the mechanisms underlying this transition remain unclear. We show that sarcomas gain these malignant traits by inducing lysosomal exocytosis, a ubiquitous physiological process. During lysosomal exocytosis, the movement of exocytic lysosomes along the cytoskeleton and their docking at the plasma membrane involve LAMP1, a sialylated membrane glycoprotein and target of the sialidase NEU1. Cleavage of LAMP1 sialic acids by NEU1 limits the extent of lysosomal exocytosis. We found that by down-regulation of NEU1 and accumulation of oversialylated LAMP1, tumor cells exacerbate lysosomal exocytosis of soluble hydrolases and exosomes. This facilitates matrix invasion and propagation of invasive signals, and purging of lysosomotropic chemotherapeutics. In Arf (-⁄-) mice, Neu1 haploinsufficiency fostered the development of invasive, pleomorphic sarcomas, expressing epithelial and mesenchymal markers, and lysosomal exocytosis effectors, LAMP1 and Myosin-11. These features are analogous to those of metastatic, pleomorphic human sarcomas, where low NEU1 levels correlate with high expression of lysosomal exocytosis markers. In a therapeutic proof of principle, we demonstrate that inhibiting lysosomal exocytosis reversed invasiveness and chemoresistance in aggressive sarcoma cells. Thus, we reveal that this unconventional, lysosome-regulated pathway plays a primary role in tumor progression and chemoresistance.
Structure Modulation and Superconducting Properties in Bi<sub>2-<i>x</i></sub>Pb<sub><i>x</i></sub>Sr<sub>2</sub>CaCu<sub>2</sub>O<sub>8+δ</sub> and (1989)

Changes in the structural modulation and superconducting properties were examined in Bi2-xPbxSr2CaCu2O8+δ and Bi2-yPbySr2YCu2O8+δ Systems. In both systems, b-axis length decreased and the periodicity of the structural modulation along b-axis increased with the increasing Pb content, and the structural modulation disappeared in the high Pb concentration region. The changes in the structural modulation were explained by the decrease in the additional oxygen in the Bi-O layer. Besides the relaxation of the structural modulation, the superconducting transition became sharp and a slight increase in Tc was observed in Bi2-xPbxSr2CaCu2O8+δ system.
Sprout: A functional caching approach to minimize service latency in erasure-coded storage (2016)

Modern distributed storage systems often use erasure codes to protect against disk and node failures to increase reliability, while trying to meet the latency requirements of the applications and clients. Storage systems may have caches at the proxy or client ends in order to reduce the latency. In this paper, we consider a novel caching framework with erasure code called functional caching. Functional Caching involves using erasure-coded chunks in the cache such that the code formed by the chunks in storage nodes and cache combined are maximal-distance-separable (MDS) erasure codes. Based on the arrival rates of different files, placement of file chunks on the servers, and service time distribution of storage servers, an optimal functional caching placement and the access probabilities of the file request from different disks are considered. The proposed algorithm gives significant latency improvement in both simulations and a prototyped solution in an open-source, cloud storage deployment.
Phosphorylation of Serine 205 by the Protein Kinase CK2 Persists on Pax3-FOXO1, but Not Pax3, throughout Early Myogenic Differentiation (2009)

The myogenic transcription factor Pax3 plays an essential role in early skeletal muscle development and is a key component in alveolar rhabdomyosarcoma (ARMS), a childhood solid muscle tumor. ARMS is characterized by a t(2;13) chromosomal translocation resulting in the fusion of the 5' Pax3 sequences to the 3' FOXO1 sequences to encode the oncogenic fusion protein, Pax3-FOXO1. Posttranslational modifications such as phosphorylation are common mechanisms by which transcription factors are regulated. Consistent with this fact, we demonstrated in a previous report that Pax3 is phosphorylated on Ser205 in proliferating, but not differentiated, primary myoblasts. However, the kinase that mediates this phosphorylation event has yet to be identified. In addition, it is not known whether Pax3-FOXO1 is phosphorylated at this site or how the phosphorylation of the fusion protein changes during early myogenic differentiation. In this report we identify CK2 (formerly termed "casein kinase II") as the kinase responsible for phosphorylating Pax3 and Pax3-FOXO1 at Ser205 in proliferating mouse primary myoblasts. Furthermore, we demonstrate that, in contrast to wild-type Pax3, phosphorylation at Ser205 persists on Pax3-FOXO1 throughout early myogenic differentiation. Finally, we show that Pax3-FOXO1 is phosphorylated at Ser205 in a variety of translocation-containing ARMS cell lines. The results presented in this report not only suggest a possible mechanism by which the disregulation of Pax3-FOXO1 may contribute to tumorigenesis but also identify a novel target for the development of therapies for the treatment of ARMS.
5-Phenyl-4-pentenyl-hydroperoxide: a probe for hydroperoxide - metalloprotein interactions (1986)

Heads of 64 white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus) fawns, harvested in the vicinity of Magrath, Alberta, Canada, (49 degrees 24'782''N, 112 degrees 52'113''W) were examined for the presence of nasal bots and lice. The deer were collected between 8-30 January 2004 as part of a government-approved herd reduction protocol. The entire surface of each head was scanned visually for the presence of lice. Each head was split longitudinally, and the nasal passages, sinuses, and ethmoid region were washed for recovery of nasal bots. First instar Cephenemyia spp. were recovered from 17 heads (27%). Intensity of infestation ranged from 1-18 larvae (mean intensity 4.8). Among fawns, there were no significant differences in prevalence or mean intensity between the sexes. Two species of nasal bots were identified. Smaller larvae, tentatively identified as C. jellisoni, were present in 16 of 17 infested deer while larger specimens, tentatively identified as C. phobifera, were found in four deer; and in three of the four it co-occurred with C. jellisoni. The presence of C. phobifera in Alberta would represent a range extension for this species, which has not been known to occur west of North Dakota. Thirty-one fawns (48%) were infested with the sucking louse Solenopotes ferrisi. One infested fawn also had one specimen of the chewing louse, Tricholiopeurus lipeuroides.
Joint Boosting Feature Selection for Robust Face Recognition (2006)

A fundamental challenge in face recognition lies in determining what facial features are important for the identification of faces. In this paper, a novel face recognition framework is proposed to address this problem. In our framework, 3D face models are used to synthesize a huge database of realistic face images which covers wide appearance variations of faces due to various pose, illumination, and expression changes. A novel feature selection algorithm which we call Joint Boosting is developed to extract discriminative face features using this massive database. The major contributions of this paper are: (1) With the help of 3D face models, a massive database of realistic virtual face images is generated to achieve robust feature selection; (2)Because the huge database covers a wide range of face variations, our feature selection procedure only needs to be trained once, and the selected feature set can be generalized to other face database without re-training; (3) We propose a new learning algorithm, Joint Boosting Algorithm, which is effective and efficient in learning directly from a massive database without having to convert face images to intra-personal and extra-personal difference images. This property is important for applying our algorithm to other general pattern recognition problems. Experimental results show that our method significantly improves recognition performance.
Study of nickel inner electrode lead-free piezoelectric ceramics (2011)

A (K,Na)NbO <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3</sub> (KNN)-based multilayer piezoelectric ceramic with nickel inner electrodes was successfully fabricated by co-firing in a reducing atmosphere. We studied the compositional modification of KNN in order to increase reducing resistance in the sintering process, and obtained a good composition by using a solid solution with CaZrO <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3</sub> . A multilayer ceramic specimen had a ratio between the strain and induced electric field S/E of 360 pm/V, which is close to the highest value of KNN-type non-textured ceramics ever reported. Nickel is a suitable electrode material for multilayer structures with thinner ceramic layers, because of a high electro-migration resistance and low material cost. Thus, nickel inner electrode multilayer ceramics with KNN are good candidates as lead-free materials to replace PZT for several piezoelectric applications.
EXPRESSION PROFILE OF AN ANDROGEN REGULATED PROSTATE SPECIFIC HOMEOBOX GENE <i>NKX3.1</i> IN PRIMARY PROSTATE CANCER (2000)

These results suggest an association of NKX3.1 with a more aggressive phenotype of carcinoma of the prostate. Correlation of AR expression with NKX3.1 in human prostate tissues underscores the androgen regulation of NKX3.1 in the physiologic context of human prostate tissues.
Discovery of social relationships in consumer photo collections using Markov Logic (2008)

We identify the social relationships between individuals in consumer photos. Consumer photos generally do not contain a random gathering of strangers but rather groups of friends and families. Detecting and identifying these relationships are important steps towards understanding consumer image collections. Similar to the approach that a human might use, we use a rule-based system to quantify the domain knowledge (e.g. children tend to be photographed more often than adults; parents tend to appear with their kids). The weight of each rule reflects its importance in the overall prediction model. Learning and inference are based on a sound mathematical formulation using the theory developed in the area of statistical relational models. In particular, we use the language called Markov Logic [14]. We evaluate our model using cross validation on a set of about 4500 photos collected from 13 different users. Our experiments show the potential of our approach by improving the accuracy (as well as other statistical measures) over a set of two different relationship prediction tasks when compared with different baselines. We conclude with directions for future work.
Negative refractive index in optics of metal-dielectric composites (2006)

Specially designed metal-dielectric composites can have a negative refractive index in the optical range. Specifically, it is shown that arrays of single and paired nanorods can provide such negative refraction. For pairs of metal rods, a negative refractive index has been observed at 1.5 µm. The inverted structure of paired voids in metal films can also exhibit a negative refractive index. A similar effect can be accomplished with metal strips in which the refractive index can reach −2. The refractive index retrieval procedure and the critical role of light phases in determining the refractive index are discussed.
Electrochemical Reduction of Carbon Dioxide over CNT‐Supported Nanoscale Copper Electrocatalysts (2014)

This paper presents the experimental investigation of copper loaded carbon nanotubes (CNTs) electrocatalysts for the electrochemical reduction of carbon dioxide. The electrocatalysts were synthesized by homogeneous deposition precipitation method (HDP) using urea as precipitating agent. The prepared catalysts were characterized by TEM, SEM, XRD, XPS, BET, and FTIR for their morphology and structure. Characterization results confirm the deposition of Cu nanoparticles (3–60 nm) on CNTs. Linear sweep voltammetry (LSV) and chronoamperometry (CA) were used to investigate the activity of the as‐prepared catalysts for the electrochemical reduction of carbon dioxide. The electrocatalysts reduced CO 2 with high current density in the potential range 0~−3 V versus SCE (standard calomel electrode). Among all catalysts tested, 20 wt. % copper loaded CNTs showed maximum activity. Gas chromatograph with TCD was used to analyze liquid phase composition. The faradaic efficiency for methanol formation was estimated to be 38.5%.
Volumetric synthetic aperture imaging with a piezoelectric 2D row-column probe (2016)

The synthetic aperture (SA) technique can be used for achieving real-time volumetric ultrasound imaging using 2-D row-column addressed transducers. This paper investigates SA volumetric imaging performance of an in-house prototyped 3 MHz λ/2-pitch 62+62 element piezoelectric 2-D row-column addressed transducer array. Utilizing single element transmit events, a volume rate of 90 Hz down to 14 cm deep is achieved. Data are obtained using the experimental ultrasound scanner SARUS with a 70 MHz sampling frequency and beamformed using a delay-and-sum (DAS) approach. A signal-to-noise ratio of up to 32 dB is measured on the beamformed images of a tissue mimicking phantom with attenuation of 0.5 dB cm<sup>-1</sup> MHz<sup>-1</sup>, from the surface of the probe to the penetration depth of 300λ. Measured lateral resolution as Full-Width-at-Half-Maximum (FWHM) is between 4λ and 10λ for 18% to 65% of the penetration depth from the surface of the probe. The averaged contrast is 13 dB for the same range. The imaging performance assessment results may represent a reference guide for possible applications of such an array in different medical fields.
Spelling Assessment (2000)

Spelling assessment includes identifying whether an impairment exists and determining the course of interven- tion. In this article, different procedures to sample and evaluate a student's spelling skills are reviewed. Sugges- tions for further analysis of error patterns in spelling to determine possible causal or maintaining factors are discussed, guided by the use of the Spelling Analysis Flowchart. By utilizing this hypothesis-driven process, appropriate and effective instructional goals and methods can be formulated.