gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Wyner-Ziv coding based on TCQ and LDPC codes (2009)

This paper considers trellis coded quantization (TCQ) and low-density parity-check (LDPC) codes for the quadratic Gaussian Wyner-Ziv coding problem. After TCQ of the source X, LDPC codes are used to implement Slepian-Wolf coding of the quantized source Q(X) with side information Y at the decoder. Assuming 256-state TCQ and ideal Slepian-Wolf coding in the sense of achieving the theoretical limit H(Q(X)|Y ), we experimentally show that Slepian-Wolf coded TCQ performs 0.2 dB away from the Wyner-Ziv distortion-rate function D <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">WZ</sub> (R) at high rate. This result mirrors that of entropy-constrained TCQ in classic source coding of Gaussian sources. Furthermore, using 8,192-state TCQ and assuming ideal Slepian-Wolf coding, our simulations show that Slepian-Wolf coded TCQ performs only 0.1 dB away from D <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">WZ</sub> (R) at high rate. These results establish the practical performance limit of Slepian-Wolf coded TCQ for quadratic Gaussian Wyner-Ziv coding. Practical designs give performance very close to the theoretical limit. For example, with 8,192-state TCQ, irregular LDPC codes for Slepian-Wolf coding and optimal non-linear estimation at the decoder, our performance gap to D <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">WZ</sub> (R) is 0.20 dB, 0.22 dB, 0.30 dB, and 0.93 dB at 3.83 bit per sample (b/s), 1.83 b/s, 1.53 b/s, and 1.05 b/s, respectively. When 256-state 4-D trellis-coded vector quantization instead of TCQ is employed, the performance gap to D <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">WZ</sub> (R) is 0.51 dB, 0.51 dB, 0.54 dB, and 0.80 dB at 2.04 b/s, 1.38 b/s, 1.0 b/s, and 0.5 b/s, respectively.
Identification of novel causative genes determining the complex trait of high ethanol tolerance in yeast using pooled-segregant whole-genome sequence analysis (2012)

High ethanol tolerance is an exquisite characteristic of the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae, which enables this microorganism to dominate in natural and industrial fermentations. Up to now, ethanol tolerance has only been analyzed in laboratory yeast strains with moderate ethanol tolerance. The genetic basis of the much higher ethanol tolerance in natural and industrial yeast strains is unknown. We have applied pooled-segregant whole-genome sequence analysis to map all quantitative trait loci (QTL) determining high ethanol tolerance. We crossed a highly ethanol-tolerant segregant of a Brazilian bioethanol production strain with a laboratory strain with moderate ethanol tolerance. Out of 5974 segregants, we pooled 136 segregants tolerant to at least 16% ethanol and 31 segregants tolerant to at least 17%. Scoring of SNPs using whole-genome sequence analysis of DNA from the two pools and parents revealed three major loci and additional minor loci. The latter were more pronounced or only present in the 17% pool compared to the 16% pool. In the locus with the strongest linkage, we identified three closely located genes affecting ethanol tolerance: MKT1, SWS2, and APJ1, with SWS2 being a negative allele located in between two positive alleles. SWS2 and APJ1 probably contained significant polymorphisms only outside the ORF, and lower expression of APJ1 may be linked to higher ethanol tolerance. This work has identified the first causative genes involved in high ethanol tolerance of yeast. It also reveals the strong potential of pooled-segregant sequence analysis using relatively small numbers of selected segregants for identifying QTL on a genome-wide scale.
Continuous extraction of molten chloride salts with liquid cadmium alloys (1993)

A pyrochemical method is being developed at Argonne National Laboratory (ANL) to provide contnuous multistage extractions between molten chloride salts and liquid cadmium alloys at 500{degrees}C. The extraction method will be used to recover transuranic (TRU) elements from the process salt in the electroretiner used in the pyrochemical reprocessing of spent fuel from the Integral Fast Reactor (IFR). The IFR is one of the Department of Energy`s advanced power reactor concepts. The recovered TRU elements are returned to the electrorefiner. The extracted salt undergoes further processing to remove rare earths and other fission products so that most of the purified salt can also be returned to the electrorefiner, thereby extending the useful life of the process salt many times.
Reduction of neutral base recombination in narrow band-gap SiGeC base heterojunction bipolar transistors (2002)

Narrow band-gap SiGeC base HBTs were fabricated by Si compatible processing. By introducing 0.3% carbon into the SiGe layers, lattice strain was decreased and neutral base recombination localized at the collector-base heterojunction was significantly reduced.
Selective wet etching for highly uniform GaAs/Al0.15Ga0.85As heterostructure field effect transistors (1997)

We have developed a novel selective citric acid-based etchant used for GaAs over AlGaAs, which consists of citric acid, NH4OH, and H2O2. The etching rate ratio of GaAs to Al0.15Ga0.85As was as high as 80 by optimizing the pH and citric acid/H2O2 ratio. The etch stop mechanism was investigated using x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. The etching is stopped at the AlGaAs surface due to Al2O3 formation, whose density is higher than that on a nonselectively etched surface. This selective citric acid-based etchant was applied to the fabrication of GaAs/AlGaAs heterostructure field effect transistors (HFETs). The threshold voltages of the HFETs exhibit excellent uniformity (the standard deviation of 32 mV across the 3 in. wafer), demonstrating the applicability of this selective etchant to the gate recess process.
A method for the construction of acoustic Markov models for words (1993)

A technique for constructing Markov models for the acoustic representation of words is described. Word models are constructed from models of subword units called fenones. Fenones represent very short speech events and are obtained automatically through the use of a vector quantizer. The fenonic baseform for a word-i.e., the sequence of fenones used to represent the word-is derived automatically from one or more utterances of that word. Since the word models are all composed from a small inventory of subword models, training for large-vocabulary speech recognition systems can be accomplished with a small training script. A method for combining phonetic and fenonic models is presented. Results of experiments with speaker-dependent and speaker-independent models on several isolated-word recognition tasks are reported. The results are compared with those for phonetics-based Markov models and template-based dynamic programming (DP) matching.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Cupolets and a Chaotic Analog of Entanglement (2013)

This paper discusses applications of a particular control technique that can be used to very efficiently stabilize a chaotic system onto a large subset of the unstable periodic orbits that are typically embedded in the system. The control method is adapted from one developed by Hayes, Grebogi, and Ott, and the resulting (stabilized) orbits are known as cupolets (Chaotic, Unstable, Periodic, Orbit-LETS). Cupolets exhibit the interesting property that a given set of controls will uniquely identify a cupolet, independent of its initial condition. Practical applications of cupolets already include data compression, secure communication, and image processing. We demonstrate how cupolets from two interacting chaotic systems may be induced into a state of mutual and self-sustaining stabilization, in a manner that may be an analog of quantum entanglement.
Microbubble Localization for Three-Dimensional Superresolution Ultrasound Imaging Using Curve Fitting and Deconvolution Methods (2018)

Superresolution algorithms in ultrasound imaging are attracting the interest of researchers recently due to the ability of these methods to enable enhanced vascular imaging. In this study, two superresolution imaging methods are compared for postprocessing images of microbubbles generated using passive acoustic mapping (PAM) methods with a potential application of three-dimensional (3-D) brain vascular imaging. The first method is based on fitting single bubble images one at a time with a 3-D Gaussian profile to localize the microbubbles and a superresolution image is then formed using the uncertainty of the localization as the standard deviation of the Gaussian profile. The second superresolution method is based on image deconvolution that processes multiframe resolution-limited images iteratively and estimates the intensity at each pixel of the superresolution image without the need for localizing each microbubble. The point spread function is approximated by a Gaussian curve which is similar to the beam response of the hemispherical transducer array used in our experimental setup. The Cramér-Rao Bounds of the two estimation techniques are derived analytically and the performance of these techniques is compared through numerical simulations based on experimental PAM images. For linear and sinusoidal traces, the localization errors between the estimated peaks by the fitting-based method and the actual source locations were 220 10 m and 210 5 m, respectively, as compared to 74 10 m and 59 8 m with the deconvolution-based method. However, in terms of the running time and the computational costs, the curve fitting technique outperforms the deconvolution-based approach.
Effects of Tool Positions in Accumulated Double-Sided Incremental Forming on Part Geometry (2015)

In accumulated double-sided incremental forming (ADSIF), two hemispherical tools impart the local deformation to the sheet via their programed in-plane spiral motion and the depth of the part is achieved via rigid body motion of the already formed part. Unlike single point incremental forming (SPIF) and double-sided incremental forming (DSIF), ADSIF does not impose forces on the already-formed part and, therefore, has the potential of achieving higher geometric accuracy. A systematic method is proposed in this work to study the influences of the relative tool positions on the local formed shape and the final geometry, which is essentially the accumulation of all previously formed local deformations. Meanwhile, the concepts of the stable angle and the peak angle are introduced to better describe the cross-sectional geometry of a formed part with a constant wall angle at that particular cross section. It is recommended that, while multiple combinations of the relative positions of two forming tools may achieve the same stable angle that the positioning parameters should be chosen such that the resultant forming force or the wall angle variation between the stable and peak angles is minimized.
A Colorimetric Method for Determination of Total Serum Lipids Based on the Sulfo-phospho-vanillin Reaction (1970)

A simple, rapid, and precisecolorimetric method for total serum lipids based on the sulfo-phospho-vanillin reaction is described. The method uses 0.10 ml. of serum and the resulting chromogen follows Beer’s law at 540 mμ. up to lipid concentrations of 1,000 mg. per 100 ml. The colorimetric method gives good agreement with a gravimetric-extraction method and has a coefficient of variation of 3.5%. The simplicity, speed, and reliability of the proposed method makes it suitable for large-scale analyses.
Linear Distributed Algorithms For Localization In Mobile Networks (2018)

This paper studies the problem of distributed self-localization in noisy networks of mobile agents. Agent mobility is captured by means of a stochastic motion model and the goal of each agent is to dynamically track its (location) state using noisy inter-agent relative distance measurements and communication with a subset of neighboring agents. The Bayesian tracking formulation thus obtained is highly non-standard, in that the distance measurements relate to the location in a non-linear way; and in a mobile setting, it is not clear how connectivity can be maintained for the localization process to provide unambiguous location results. To make the collaborative filtering problem tractable, the paper first presents a barycentric-coordinate based reparametrization of the state-space model; the transformed formulation leads to a bilinear state-space. Under mild network connectivity assumptions, specifically, the inter-agent communication network stays connected on an average, and a structural convexity condition, specifically, infinitely often the agents lie in the convex hull of a set of $m+1$ neighboring agents, where m denotes the dimension of the space, a distributed filtering scheme is proposed that enables each agent to track its location with bounded mean-squared error as long as there is at least one anchor in the network (agent with known location). Simulations are presented to illustrate the efficacy of the proposed distributed filtering procedure and the theoretical results.
Absence of soluble CD14 in saliva of young patients with dental caries (2007)

It is generally accepted that salivary components are important for dental health, but to date no clear correlation has been found between one or more of these components and the outcome of dental caries. The identification of salivary factors preventing, favoring or signaling dental caries might help to control the disease. In the present study, western blotting analysis of whole saliva from 20 healthy caries-free children showed the presence of the soluble form of CD14, a bacterial pattern-recognition receptor for many bacterial components that is involved in the innate immune response. The identity of the protein was confirmed through N-terminal sequencing by Edman degradation, and by partial sequencing with mass spectrometry of tryptic peptides. Conversely, CD14 was completely absent in the saliva of 20 age-matched patients affected by two to eight carious lesions, but appeared in their saliva a few weeks after dental restoration. These results suggest that the absence of salivary soluble CD14 could represent an useful index of caries activity, and might be used to detect early carious lesions not visible by oral inspection.
A new CMOS logarithmic current generator (2016)

A new CMOS current-mode controllable low-voltage and low-power logarithmic function circuit is proposed. The circuit provides good dynamic range, controllable output, and reasonable accuracy and it is insensitive to temperature variations. The circuit operates with $\pm $0.5 V supply, consumes 0.3 $\mu $W, and has a -3 dB frequency of 2.4 MHz. The functionality of the proposed design is confirmed using Tanner T-spice with 0.35 $\mu $m CMOS process.
Effect of Ligand and Solvent Structure on Size-Selective Nanoparticle Dispersibility and Fractionation in Gas-Expanded Liquid (GXL) Systems (2013)

Nanoparticles have highly size-dependent properties which need to be harnessed for their appropriate use in various applications. One method that has been used to obtain monodisperse nanoparticles involves the initial synthesis of a relatively polydisperse nanoparticle dispersion using conventional methods, followed by the size-selective separation of these nanoparticles using a variety of different processing techniques. Through prior investigations in our group, we have demonstrated that application scale quantities of ligand-stabilized metal nanoparticles can be precisely separated based upon their size via a sequence of pressure-induced precipitations from gas-expanded liquid (GXL) mixtures (typically a mixture of an organic solvent and compressed CO2 gas). However, this solvent-based process requires relatively high applied pressures of CO2 (e.g., ∼41.4 bar with n-hexane as the solvent and dodecanethiol as the ligand) to effectively precipitate these nanoparticles from the solvent + CO2 mixture. In this paper, through methodic selection of solvents and ligands of different steric structures, we have aimed to manipulate the nature of the solvent–ligand interaction so as to precipitate and size-selectively fractionate gold nanoparticles at lower pressures in these GXL systems. Constitutional isomers of n-hexane were chosen as the solvents in this study while dodecanethiol and its isomer, tert-dodecanethiol, were used as the stabilizing ligands. Ultimately, it was deduced that using a combination of branched solvent (2,2-dimethylbutane) and branched ligand (tert-dodecanethiol) caused the nanoparticles to precipitate from solution at only 6.9 bar. This almost 6-fold reduction in pressure can be attributed to the reduced solvent–ligand interactions in the system relative to straight-chain solvent and straight-chain ligand system. The impact that this altered solvent–ligand interaction has on effectiveness of the GXL size-selective fractionation process is also detailed in this paper. Hence, this study illustrates that one can tune the process parameters critical to the GXL size-selective fractionation process by simply changing the physical interactions between the nanoparticle ligand and the solvent.
Optimization of the helper-dependent adenovirus system for production and potency <i>in</i> <i>vivo</i> (2000)

Helper-dependent (HD) adenoviral vectors devoid of all viral coding sequences provide for safe and highly efficient gene transfer with long-lasting transgene expression. High titer stocks of HD vectors can be generated by using the cre-recombinase system. However, we have encountered difficulties with this system, including rearranged HD vectors and variable efficiency of HD vector rescue. These problems represent a major hindrance, particularly with regard to large-scale production. To overcome these limitations, we have modified the system in two ways: We constructed a new helper virus with a modified packaging signal and enhanced growth characteristics. We also redesigned the vector backbones by including noncoding adenovirus sequences adjacent to the right inverted terminal repeat and by incorporated a number of different segments of noncoding DNA of human origin as "stuffer." Comparison of these vectors showed that the nature of the stuffer sequence affects replication of the HD vector. Optimization of the system resulted in a more robust and consistent production of HD vectors with low helper contamination and high in vivo potency.
Efficient strategies for screening large-scale genetic interaction networks (2017)

Large-scale genetic interaction screening is a powerful approach for unbiased characterization of gene function and understanding systems-level cellular organization. While genome-wide screens are desirable as they provide the most comprehensive interaction profiles, they are resource and time-intensive and sometimes infeasible, depending on the species and experimental platform. For these scenarios, optimal methods for more efficient screening while still producing the maximal amount of information from the resulting profiles are of interest. To address this problem, we developed an optimal algorithm, called COMPRESS-GI, which selects a small but informative set of genes that captures most of the functional information contained within genome-wide genetic interaction profiles. The utility of this algorithm is demonstrated through an application of the approach to define a diagnostic mutant set for large-scale chemical genetic screens, where more than 13,000 compound screens were achieved through the increased throughput enabled by the approach. COMPRESS-GI can be broadly applied for directing genetic interaction screens in other contexts, including in species with little or no prior genetic-interaction data.
A simplified, single-lead unipolar transvenous cardioversion-defibrillation system. (1993)

This new unipolar transvenous defibrillation system is as simple to insert as a pacemaker, requires few ventricular fibrillation inductions, demands less technical expertise, and provides defibrillation at energy levels comparable to that reported with epicardial lead systems. It should substantially reduce the morbidity, time, and cost of defibrillator implantation.
Free-Space Quantum Cryptography (2005)

An experimental free-space quantum key distribution (QKD) system has been tested over an outdoor optical path of ~ 1 km under nighttime conditions at Los Alamos National Laboratory. This system employs the Bennett 92 protocol; here we give a brief overview of this protocol, and describe our experimental implementation of it. An analysis of the system efficiency is presented, as well as a description of our error detection protocol, which employs a two-dimensional parity check scheme. Finally, the susceptibility of this system to eavesdropping by various techniques is determined. Possible applications include the rekeying of satellites in low earth orbit.
DEVELOPMENT AND EVALUATION OF A QUICK METHOD FOR OPTIMIZING A SPACE AND SIGNAL TIMING PLAN FOR ISOLATED SIGNALIZED INTERSECTIONS (2020)

One major cause of congestion at intersections is the fluctuation of traffic demand during the day. This phenomenon necessitates developing new models that can be used to enhance the performance of signalized intersections. We suggest a quick procedure for optimizing signal timing plans after identifying the best phasing scheme and selecting optimal lane allocation (space optimization) for any volume characteristics during the day at a typical four-leg intersection. The main contribution of this study is developing a method for collectively optimizing a signal-timing plan, intersection space, and phasing scheme. TRANSYT-7F, SYNCHRO and HCS2010 were used to assess the developed models in a case study. It was found that regardless of the optimization software used for timing-plan optimization, optimizing both space and timing plan together produce significant reductions in average intersection delay compared to optimizing only the timing plan. Furthermore, this study showed that the developed model, which optimizes space and time, consistently provided better results in terms of average intersection delay compared to TRANSYT-7F, SYNCHRO and HCS2010 in the case study.
Autogenic Feedback Training Applications for Man in Space (1994)

Finding an effective treatment for the motion sickness-like symptoms that occur in space has become a high priority for NASA. This paper reviews the back-round research and procedures of an experiment designed to prevent space motion sickness in shuttle crewmembers. The preventive method used, Autogenic - Feedback Training (AFT) involves training subjects to control voluntarily several of their own physiological responses to environmental stressors. AFT has been used reliably to increase tolerance to motion sickness during around based tests in over 300 men and women under a variety of conditions that induce motion sickness, and preliminary evidence from space suggests that AFT may be an effective treatment for space motion sickness as well. Other applications of AFT described include; (1) a potential treatment for post flight orthostatic intolerance, a serious biomedical problem resulting from long duration exposure to micro-g and (2) improving pilot performance during emergency flying conditions.