gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
WDM cross-connect architectures with reduced complexity (1999)

With the arrival of wavelength division multiplexed (WDM) systems carrying large numbers of wavelength channels, it appears that new cross-connect architectures that allow large numbers of wavelength channels to cross-connect at the wavelength granularity level are required. We propose a number of such architectures. The different architectures are compared in terms of complexity, cost, loss, crosstalk and filter narrowing. An analysis of the various nonblocking properties of such cross-connects is also described.
Type 1 Capsule Genes of <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i> Are Carried in a Staphylococcal Cassette Chromosome Genetic Element (2002)

The cap1 genes are required for the synthesis of type 1 capsular polysaccharide (CP1) in Staphylococcus aureus. We previously showed that the cap1 locus was associated with a discrete genetic element in S. aureus M. In this report, we defined the boundaries of the cap1 element by comparing its restriction pattern to that of a corresponding region from the CP1-negative strain Becker. The element was located in the SmaI-G chromosomal fragment of the standard mapping strain NCTC8325. The sequences of the entire cap1 element and the flanking regions were determined. We found that there were two additional cap1 genes not previously identified. The cap1 operon was located in a staphylococcal cassette chromosome (SCC) element similar to the resistance island SCCmec recently described for methicillin resistance in S. aureus. Notably, the SCCcap1 element was located at the same insertion site as all the SCCmec elements in the staphylococcal chromosome. The excision of SCCcap1 could be demonstrated only in the presence of the recombinase genes from an SCCmec element, verifying that SCCcap1 is a genuine SCC element but defective in mobilization. A novel enterotoxin gene, whose transcript was detected by Northern blotting, was found next to the SCCcap1 locus. We propose that the enterotoxin gene and SCCcap1 were inserted into this locus at the juxtaposition by independent events. Sequence comparison revealed numerous DNA rearrangements and mutations in SCCcap1 and the left flanking region, suggesting that the SCCcap1 had been inserted at the SCC attC site a long time ago. In addition, most genes in this region were incomplete, with the exception of the 15 cap1 genes, implying that the cap1 genes confer a survival advantage on strain M.
Cerebral Blood Flow Predicts the Infarct Core (2019)

Background and Purpose- The aim of this study is to determine the spatial and volumetric accuracy of infarct core estimates from relative cerebral blood flow (rCBF) by comparison with near-contemporaneous diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI), and evaluate whether it is sufficient for patient triage to reperfusion therapies. Methods- One hundred ninety-three patients enrolled in the DEFUSE 2 (Diffusion and Perfusion Imaging Evaluation for Understanding Stroke Evolution) and SENSE 3 (Sensitivity Encoding) stroke studies were screened, and 119 who underwent acute magnetic resonance imaging with DWI and perfusion imaging within 24 hours of onset were included. Infarct core was estimated using reduced rCBF at 12 thresholds (<0.20-<0.44) and compared against DWI (apparent diffusion coefficient <620 10<sup>-6</sup>mm2/s). For each threshold, volumetric agreement between the rCBF and DWI core estimates was assessed using Bland-Altman, correlation, and linear regression analyses; spatial agreement was assessed using receiver operating characteristic analysis. Results- An rCBF threshold of 0.32 yielded the smallest mean absolute volume difference (14.7 mL), best linear regression fit (R<sup>2</sup>=0.84), and best spatial agreement (Youden index, 0.38; 95% CI, 0.34-0.41) between rCBF and DWI, with high correlation (<i>r</i>=0.91, <i>P</i><0.05), a small mean volume difference (1.3 mL) and no fixed bias (<i>P</i><0.05). At this threshold, 110 of 119 (92.4%) patients were correctly triaged when applying 70 mL as the volume limit for thrombectomy. Spatial agreement was better for prediction of large infarcts (>70 mL) than small infarcts (≤70 mL), with Youden indices of 0.53 (95% CI, 0.49-0.56) and 0.34 (95% CI, 0.30-0.37), respectively. Conclusions- Strong correlation and agreement with near-contemporaneous DWI indicate that infarct core estimates obtained using rCBF are sufficiently accurate for patient triage to reperfusion therapies. The identified optimal rCBF threshold of 0.32 closely approximates the threshold currently used in clinical practice.
Relating Reputation and Money in On-line Markets (2009)

Reputation in on-line economic systems is typically quantified using counters that specify positive and negative feedback from past transactions and/or some form of transaction network analysis that aims to quantify the likelihood that a network user will commit a fraudulent transaction. These approaches can be deceiving to honest users from numerous perspectives. We take a radically different approach with a goal to guarantee to a buyer that a seller cannot disappear from the system with profit following a set of transactions that total a certain monetary limit. Even in the case of stolen identity, an adversary cannot produce illegal profit unless a buyer decides to pay over the suggested sales limit.
Rapid Identification of T Helper and T Cytotoxic/Suppressor Lymphocytes with an Oxazine Dye (1993)

Peripheral blood lymphocytes displayed a plurality of sizes and colors when exposed first to a methanolic solution of C.I. basic blue 141, then to an aqueous alkaline solution of the same dye and rinsed in a neutral HEPES buffer containing trace amounts of various salts. As confirmed with purified lymphocyte subpopulations obtained with a cell sorter, T helper cells (CD4) were small and their nuclei and cytoplasm stained deep blue. T cytotoxic/suppressor cells (CD 8) were larger than T helper cells, their nuclei stained pale green or blue green and their cytoplasm contained a cluster of magenta colored granules. From start to finish, the stain takes 15 min to perform. Used in the manner described, basic blue 141 holds promise as a rapid means of identifying and differentiating CD4 and CD8 cells under the ordinary light microscope without using monoclonal antibodies or fluorescence.
Fractal-based analysis for foreground detection (2015)

We have developed a fractal-based analysis technique for use with foreground detection. In this technique, a modified form of the box-counting fractal dimension is used to identify meaningful structures when looking at pixels which change between frames in a video sequence. This technique is used along with a sophisticated variable-threshold approach to determine which segments are likely to be foreground in a given video sequence, provided reasonable image segmentation and registration for each frame.
Customizing time of flight modulation codes to resolve mixed pixels (2013)

We couple custom binary sequences with sparsity based approaches to address the multi-path problem in time of flight imaging. In particular, we utilize maximum length m-sequences that allow us to produce non band-limited correlation functions. Coupled with a tailored sparse deconvolution approach, we are able to resolve the constituent phases and amplitudes of a mixed pixel measurement. Finally, we demonstrate application scenarios, including depth imaging of near-transparent objects.
Fast reconstruction for multichannel compressed sensing using a hierarchically semiseparable solver (2015)

Purpose The adoption of multichannel compressed sensing (CS) for clinical magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) hinges on the ability to accurately reconstruct images from an undersampled dataset in a reasonable time frame. When CS is combined with SENSE parallel imaging, reconstruction can be computationally intensive. As an alternative to iterative methods that repetitively evaluate a forward CS+SENSE model, we introduce a technique for the fast computation of a compact inverse model solution. Methods A recently proposed hierarchically semiseparable (HSS) solver is used to compactly represent the inverse of the CS+SENSE encoding matrix to a high level of accuracy. To investigate the computational efficiency of the proposed HSS-Inverse method, we compare reconstruction time with the current state-of-the-art. In vivo 3T brain data at multiple image contrasts, resolutions, acceleration factors, and number of receive channels were used for this comparison. Results The HSS-Inverse method allows for math formula speedup when compared to current state-of-the-art reconstruction methods with the same accuracy. Efficient computational scaling is demonstrated for CS+SENSE with respect to image size. The HSS-Inverse method is also shown to have minimal dependency on the number of parallel imaging channels/acceleration factor. Conclusions The proposed HSS-Inverse method is highly efficient and should enable real-time CS reconstruction on standard MRI vendors' computational hardware.
Source-receiver compression scheme for full-waveform seismic inversion (2011)

We have developed a source-receiver compression approach for reducing the computational time and memory usage of the acoustic and elastic full-waveform inversions. By detecting and quantifying the extent of redundancy in the data, we assembled a reduced set of simultaneous sources and receivers that are weighted sums of the physical sources and receivers used in the survey. Because the numbers of these simultaneous sources and receivers could be significantly less than those of the physical sources and receivers, the computational time and memory usage of any gradient-type inversion method such as steepest descent, nonlinear conjugate gradient, contrast-source inversion, and quasi-Newton methods could be reduced. The scheme is based on decomposing the data into their principal components using a singular-value decomposition approach, and the data reduction is done through the elimination of the small eigenvalues. Consequently, this would suppress the effect of noise in the data. Moreover, taking advantage of the redundancy in the data, this compression scheme effectively stacks the redundant data, resulting in an increased signal-to-noise ratio. For demonstration of the concept, we produced inversion results for the 2D acoustic Marmousi and BP models for surface measurements and an elastic model for crosswell measurements. We found that this approach has the potential to significantly reduce computational time and memory usage of the Gauss-Newton method by 1–2 orders of magnitude.
3D Printing of High Voltage Printed Wiring Boards (2016)

In the last decade, research has focused on 3D printing for not only creating conceptual models but functional end-use products as well. As patents for 3D printing expire, new low cost desktop systems are being adopted more widely. This trend is leading to products being fabricated locally and improving supply chain logistics. However, currently low cost 3D printing is limited in the number of materials used simultaneously in fabrication and consequently is confined to fabricating enclosures and conceptual models. For additively manufactured end-use products to be useful, supplementary features and functionalities will need to be incorporated in to the final structures in terms of electronic, electromechanical, electromagnetic, thermodynamic, and optical content. The University of Texas at El Paso has recently been reporting on embedding electronic components and electrical interconnect into 3D printed structures either by interrupting the process or by inserting the additional content after the structure has been built. However, only until recently and with an investment from the presidential initiative on Additive Manufacturing “America Makes” has there been a concentrated research focus on developing technology that produces multi-functionality. This presentation will describe a project in which copper wires were used to supply a short burst of energy at high voltages in order to activate electro-propulsion. Pulsed Plasma Thursters provided by Busek were demonstrated where one joule of energy was supplied at 2000 volts in order to ablate the thruster in a vacuum and provide precise micro-newton-levels of force - as required for attitude control in small and nano satellites.
Effects of an applied magnetic field on directional solidification of off-eutectic Bi-Mn alloys (1987)

Off-eutectic compositions of Bi-Mn were directionally solidified in applied transverse magnetic fields up to 3 kG to determine the effects on thermal and solutal convection. For Bi-rich compositions, the magnetic field appeared to increase mixing as determined from thermal, morphological, chemical and magnetic analyses. For Mn-rich compositions morphological and chemical analyses suggest some reduction in mixing due to application of the magnetic field. Conductivity gradients in the melt are suggested as a possible mechanism for the observed results.
Direct liquefaction of low-rank coals. Annual technical report, April 1, 1987--March 31, 1988 including quarterly technical progress report, January--March 1988: Task 5.1 (1988)

Co-processing of low-rank coals (LRCs) with petroleum resids under mild conditions may produce a product that extends petroleum refinery feeds with a partially coal-derived material. These co-processing products may also provide a lower-cost way to introduce coal-derived materials into the commercial market. In this staged process, the petroleum resid acts as a solvent, aiding in the solubilization of the coal during the first stage, and both the dissolved coal and the resid are upgraded during a second-stage catalytic hydrogenation. Another method of upgrading coal in a liquefaction process is the ChemCoal Process. The process uses chemical methods to transform coal into clean solid and liquid products. It features low-severity conversion of coal in a phenolic solvent, using an alkali promotor and carbon monoxide as the reductant. Oil agglomeration has been used to reduce the ash and mineral matter in bituminous coals to obtain a product with increased heating value, reduced moisture, and lower sulfur content. This method can be used to produce a clean coal feedstock for liquefaction. During agglomeration, an oil is used to preferentially wet the organic phases of the coal, and water is used to wet the minerals, resulting in a separation of ash and water from the coal. The primary objective of this project is to expand the scientific and engineering data base of LRC liquefaction by investigating direct liquefaction processes that will produce the most competitive feedstocks or liquid fuels. The work effort which was proposed for the second year of this cooperative agreement dealt primarily with co-processing and the ChemCoal Process.
Hematopoietic upstream stimulating factor 1 deficiency is associated with increased atherosclerosis susceptibility in LDL receptor knockout mice (2021)

Total body upstream stimulatory factor 1 (USF1) deficiency in mice is associated with brown adipose tissue activation and a marked protection against the development of obesity and atherosclerotic lesions. Functional expression of USF1 has also been detected in monocytes and monocyte-derived macrophages. In the current study we therefore tested whether selective hematopoietic USF1 deficiency can also beneficially impact the development of atherosclerosis. For this purpose, LDL receptor knockout mice were transplanted with bone marrow from USF1 knockout mice or their wild-type littermate controls and subsequently fed a Western-type diet for 20 weeks to stimulate atherosclerotic lesion development. Strikingly, absence of USF1 function in bone marrow-derived cells was associated with exacerbated blood leukocyte (+ 100%; P < 0.01) and peritoneal leukocyte (+ 50%; P < 0.05) lipid loading and an increased atherosclerosis susceptibility (+ 31%; P < 0.05). These effects could be attributed to aggravated hyperlipidemia, i.e. higher plasma free cholesterol (+ 33%; P < 0.001) and cholesteryl esters (+ 39%; P < 0.001), and the development of hepatosteatosis. In conclusion, we have shown that hematopoietic USF1 deficiency is associated with an increased atherosclerosis susceptibility in LDL receptor knockout mice. These findings argue against a contribution of macrophage-specific USF1 deficiency to the previously described beneficial effect of total body USF1 deficiency on atherosclerosis susceptibility in mice.
Deposition of Co-Cr films for perpendicular magnetic recording by improved opposing targets sputtering (1981)

It is well known that Co-Cr films show a high perpendicular magnetic anisotropy, coercivity higher than 1000 Oe and other properties favorable for perpendicular magnetic recording media. In this report, Co-Cr films were prepared on polyimide films at high deposition rates in the range of 500-4000 Å/min using a new type of cathode sputtering apparatus with opposing targets. The deposition rate was 20 times as high as that attained by conventional RF sputtering. The composition of the deposited films was almost same as that of sputtered targets. The X-ray diffractometry indicated that the crystal of the film had hcp structure. The degree of c-axis orientation ΔΘ <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">50</inf> was as low as 3.0° The prepared films 1 μm thick, deposited at the high rate of 4000 Å/min had magnetic properties suitable for perpendicular recording media, such as a perpendicular coercivity of 1100 Oe and an anisotropy magnetic field of 5.7 KOe.
A New Overcurrent Test Equipment for TSC Valve (2006)

Rough test must be done before the TSC (Thyristor switched capacitor) is put into service, to demonstrate the proper design of the valve during over-current conditions, caused by valve firing at instants with non-zero voltage between its terminals. However, modern TSC thyristor valves have a high power rating and are difficult to test directly. The core to design TSC over-current test equipment is to correctly reproduce the stresses on the thyristor under fault conditions. The overcurrent fault conditions of TSC and the corresponding current, voltage and heating stresses on the thyristor valves during over-current are studied. The existing test equipments are appraised. New overcurrent test equipment for TSC valve is proposed. The heating current of the new test equipment is supplied by large current source; the over-current and corresponding reapplied voltage are produced by LC resonant circuit. The schematic diagram of the test equipment is given. The working principles are introduced, and the real test waveforms are analyzed. It is proved that the proposed new over-current test equipment is more flexible, whose test ability is also improved evidently, and the most important is that the new equipment can fully meet the IEC standard so is more equivalence to the real fault, which make it override all the existing TSC over-current test equipment.
Syntheses of 23-C-Substituted Derivatives of Mycaminosyl Tylonolide and 4′-Deoxymycaminosyl Tylonolide (1987)

Abstract 23-C-Substituted derivatives of mycaminosyl tylonolide (MT) and 4′-deoxymycaminosyl tylonolide (DT) have been prepared by the reaction of protected 23-aldehyde derivatives, 2′,4′-di-O-acetyl-3-O-t-butyldimethylsilyl-23-deoxy-23-oxomycaminosyl tylonolide diethyl acetal (5) and 2′-O-acetyl-3-O-t-butyldimethylsilyl-23,4′-dideoxy-23-oxomycaminosyl tylonolide diethyl acetal (26), with several Grignard reagents and methyllithium. The final products were (23S)- and (23R)-23-C-methyl (13a, 13b), -ethyl (14a, 14b), -butyl (15a, 15b), -phenyl (16b, 16a), -allyl (17a, 17b), -vinyl (18a, 18b), -ethynyl (19b, 19a) derivatives of MT, and (23S)- and (23R)-23-C-methyl (28a, 28b), -vinyl (29a, 29b), and -ethynyl (30b, 30a) derivatives of DT. Their configurations at 23-position were determined by the NOE difference spectroscopy on 13a and 13b.
Water-Based Drilling Fluid Containing Bentonite/Poly(Sodium 4-Styrenesulfonate) Composite for Ultrahigh-Temperature Ultradeep Drilling and Its Field Performance (2020)

Summary The rapidly increasing global oil/gas demand and gradual depletion of shallow reservoirs require the development of deep oil/gas reservoirs and geothermal reservoirs. However, deep drilling suffers from drilling-fluid failures under ultrahigh temperature, which cause serious accidents such as wellbore collapse, stuck pipe, and even blowouts. In this study, we revealed the role of polymeric additives in improving the ultrahigh-temperature tolerance of bentonite-based drilling fluids, aiming to provide practical and efficient solutions to the failure of drilling fluids in severe conditions. By adding poly(sodium 4-styrenesulfonate) (PSS) to the original drilling fluid containing bentonite, significant fluid loss—as a consequence of bentonite-particle flocculation causing drilling-fluid shear-stress reduction and high-permeability mud—is successfully suppressed even at temperature as high as 200°C. This drilling fluid containing PSS was applied in the drilling of high-temperature deep wells in Xinjiang province, China, and exhibited high effectiveness in controlling accidents including overflow and leakage. NOTE: A supplementary file is available in the Supporting Information section.
Iterative ICI Cancellation for OFDM Receiver with Residual Carrier Frequency Offset (2011)

For mobile OFDM receiver, both Doppler spread and residual Carrier Frequency Offset (CFO) can cause inter-carrier interference (ICI) therefore performance degradation. In this paper, both the effects of Doppler spread and residual CFO (RCFO) are jointly considered to improve the receiver performance. A low complexity channel estimation is proposed to allow ICI cancellation at the receiver. We demonstrate through simulation that the receiver can achieve desirable performance even in fast fading with the presence of high residual CFO.
Design and Synthesis of Benzoxazole Derivatives as Novel Melatoninergic Ligands. (2004)

Abstract For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
A High-Throughput Screen Reveals New Small-Molecule Activators and Inhibitors of Pantothenate Kinases (2015)

Pantothenate kinase (PanK) is a regulatory enzyme that controls coenzyme A (CoA) biosynthesis. The association of PanK with neurodegeneration and diabetes suggests that chemical modifiers of PanK activity may be useful therapeutics. We performed a high throughput screen of >520000 compounds from the St. Jude compound library and identified new potent PanK inhibitors and activators with chemically tractable scaffolds. The HTS identified PanK inhibitors exemplified by the detailed characterization of a tricyclic compound (7) and a preliminary SAR. Biophysical studies reveal that the PanK inhibitor acts by binding to the ATP-enzyme complex.
Online Embedding Compression for Text Classification Using Low Rank Matrix Factorization (2019)

Deep learning models have become state of the art for natural language processing (NLP) tasks, however deploying these models in production system poses significant memory constraints. Existing compression methods are either lossy or introduce significant latency. We propose a compression method that leverages low rank matrix factorization during training, to compress the word embedding layer which represents the size bottleneck for most NLP models. Our models are trained, compressed and then further re-trained on the downstream task to recover accuracy while maintaining the reduced size. Empirically, we show that the proposed method can achieve 90% compression with minimal impact in accuracy for sentence classification tasks, and outperforms alternative methods like fixed-point quantization or offline word embedding compression. We also analyze the inference time and storage space for our method through FLOP calculations, showing that we can compress DNN models by a configurable ratio and regain accuracy loss without introducing additional latency compared to fixed point quantization. Finally, we introduce a novel learning rate schedule, the Cyclically Annealed Learning Rate (CALR), which we empirically demonstrate to outperform other popular adaptive learning rate algorithms on a sentence classification benchmark.