gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Activation of Extracellular Transglutaminase 2 by Thioredoxin (2011)

The mechanism of activation of transglutaminase 2 (TG2) in the extracellular matrix remains a fundamental mystery in our understanding of the biology of this multifunctional mammalian enzyme. Earlier investigations have highlighted the role of a disulfide bond formed by vicinal Cys residues in maintaining calcium-bound TG2 in an inactive state. Here, we have shown that the redox potential of this disulfide bond is approximately -190 mV, a high value for a disulfide bond in proteins. Consistent with this observation, TG2 activity in a freshly wounded fibroblast culture depends upon the redox potential of the environment. We sought to identify a physiological mechanism for the activation of oxidized TG2. With a k(cat)/K(m) of 1.6 μm(-1) min(-1), human thioredoxin (Trx) was a highly specific activator of oxidized human TG2. Trx-mediated activation of TG2 was blocked by PX-12, a small molecule Trx inhibitor that is undergoing clinical trials as a cancer chemotherapeutic agent. In a mixed culture containing fibroblasts and monocytic cells, interferon-γ stimulated Trx release from monocytes, which in turn activated TG2 around the fibroblasts. Recombinant human Trx could also activate extracellular TG2 in cryosections of human and mouse small intestinal biopsies. In addition to explaining how TG2 can be activated by dietary gluten in the small intestinal mucosa of celiac sprue patients, our findings reveal a new strategy for inhibiting the undesirable consequences of TG2 activity in this widespread, lifelong disease.
Active-passive hybrid piezoelectric actuators for high-precision hard disk drive servo systems (2006)

Positioning precision is crucial to today's increasingly high-speed, high-capacity, high data density, and miniaturized hard disk drives (HDDs). The demand for higher bandwidth servo systems that can quickly and precisely position the read/write head on a high track density becomes more pressing. Recently, the idea of applying dual-stage actuators to track servo systems has been studied. The push-pull piezoelectric actuated devices have been developed as micro actuators for fine and fast positioning, while the voice coil motor functions as a large but coarse seeking. However, the current dual-stage actuator design uses piezoelectric patches only without passive damping. In this paper, we propose a dual-stage servo system using enhanced active-passive hybrid piezoelectric actuators. The proposed actuators will improve the existing dual-stage actuators for higher precision and shock resistance, due to the incorporation of passive damping in the design. We aim to develop this hybrid servo system not only to increase speed of track seeking but also to improve precision of track following servos in HDDs. New piezoelectrically actuated suspensions with passive damping have been designed and fabricated. In order to evaluate positioning and track following performances for the dual-stage track servo systems, experimental efforts are carried out to implement the synthesized active-passive suspension structure with enhanced piezoelectric actuators using a composite nonlinear feedback controller.
Linear trajectory models incorporating preprocessing parameters for speech recognition (1998)

In this letter, we investigate the interactions of front-end feature extraction and back-end classification techniques in nonstationary state hidden Markov model (NSHMM) based speech recognition. The proposed model aims at finding an optimal linear transformation on the mel-warped discrete Fourier transform (DFT) features according to the minimum classification error (MCE) criterion. This linear transformation, along with the NSHMM parameters, are automatically trained using the gradient descent method. An error rate reduction of 8% is obtained on a standard 39-class TIMIT phone classification task in comparison with the MCE-trained NSHMM using conventional preprocessing techniques.
Scanning tunneling microscopy based lithography employing amorphous hydrogenated carbon as a high resolution resist mask (1995)

Amorphous hydrogenated carbon (a–C:H) is introduced as a constituent of a two–layer resist system for lithography with a scanning tunneling microscope (STM) operating in air. The resist is made up of a thin electron sensitive and chemically amplified top resist (≤50 nm) and a–C:H as a thick conducting and etchable bottom resist. In this setup the bottom resist acts as the counter electrode allowing in principle operation on insulating substrates. We show that it is possible to generate structures with high aspect ratios by transfering the developed top resist patterns by means of oxygen reactive ion etching (RIE) into the bottom resist and halogen RIE into silicon substrates. Linewidths between 100 and 50 nm have been observed in the bottom resist as well as in the substrates.
Ultrashort-pulse second-harmonic generation with longitudinally nonuniform quasi-phase-matching gratings: pulse compression and shaping (2000)

We present a theory of ultrashort-pulse second-harmonic generation (SHG) in materials with longitudinally nonuniform quasi-phase-matching (QPM) gratings. We derive an expression for the output second-harmonic field generated in an arbitrary QPM grating from an arbitrary fundamental field, valid for arbitrary material dispersion in the undepleted-pump approximation. In the case when group-velocity dispersion can be neglected, a simple transfer-function relationship describes the SHG process. This SHG transfer function depends only on material properties and on the QPM grating design. We use this SHG transfer function to show that nonuniform QPM gratings can be designed to generate nearly arbitrarily shaped second-harmonic output pulses. We analyze in detail a technologically important example of pulse shaping: the generation of compressed second-harmonic pulses from linearly chirped fundamental input pulses. The efficiency of these interactions as well as the limits imposed by higher-order material dispersion are discussed.
Compact source of polarization-entangled photon pairs (2003)

A compact source of polarization-entangled photon pairs is developed using a blue single-mode laser diode (/spl lambda/ = 402 nm, P = 30 mW) as the pump source of a beta-barium-borate (BBO) nonlinear optical crystal . Using the technique to optimize the collection efficiency, the created photon pairs are coupled into single-mode optical fibers, which are directly connected to quenched silicon avalanche photodiodes (Si APDs). The entanglement of the generated photon pairs was tested with the measurement of the polarization correlations in H/V and +45/spl deg// -45/spl deg/ basis and by violating the Clauser-Horne-Shimony-Holt (CHSH)-type Bell inequality. This compact, robust and economic source can be employed in any application of quantum information and quantum communication, in particular in practicable entanglement based quantum key distribution.
Applicability of a Genetic Signature for Enhanced Iloperidone Efficacy in the Treatment of Schizophrenia (2009)

(ClinicalTrials.gov) Identifier: NCT00254202.
Performance Analysis of Quantized Uplink Massive MIMO-OFDM With Oversampling Under Adjacent Channel Interference (2019)

Massive multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) systems have attracted much attention lately due to the many advantages they provide over single-antenna systems. Owing to the many antennas, low-cost implementation and low power consumption per antenna are desired. To that end, massive MIMO structures with low-resolution analog-to-digital converters (ADC) have been investigated in many studies. However, the effect of a strong interferer in the adjacent band on quantized massive MIMO systems have not been examined yet. In this study, we analyze the performance of uplink massive MIMO with low-resolution ADCs under frequency selective fading with orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) in the perfect and imperfect receiver channel state information cases. We derive analytical expressions for the bit error rate and ergodic capacity. We show that the interfering band can be suppressed by increasing the number of antennas or the oversampling rate when a zero-forcing receiver is employed.
A Wax-Coupled Borehole Seismic Detector for High-Resolution Measurements (1992)

A triaxial borehole seismic detector was developed for high-resolution measurements at frequencies up to 2,000 Hz. Applications for this detector include three-component shallow reverse vertical seismic profiling, shallow reflection surveys, and interwell velocity logging and imaging. A meltable wax embedding technique was developed to provide rigid conformal detector planting at the bottom of shallow boreholes with the advantage that the detector is recoverable after use. Wax coupling provides a stress-free plant which conforms to the borehole to give excellent broadband three-component response at frequencies up to 2,000 Hz; a frequency range largely unexplored for seismic applications. A second version of the detector was devised to provide pneumatic wall-lock coupling for practical use in the field. Comparison tests revealed that both designs are effective three-axis seismic detectors at frequencies up to 1,500 Hz and that the wax-coupled detector has near-ideal response at frequencies up to about 2,500 Hz. The wax-embedded detector is an ideal reference sensor and the preferred sensor for applications requiring maximum seismic signal fidelity at high frequencies. The pneumatically coupled detector is a practical prototype high-resolution probe for high-quality three-component measurements at frequencies up to about 1,500 Hz.
Use of a panel of monoclonal antibodies for the diagnosis of hairy cell leukaemia. An immunocytochemical study of 36 cases (1986)

The phenotype of 36 cases of hairy cell leukaemia has been investigated using a panel of monoclonal antibodies reactive with normal human lymphoid cells and with hairy cells. Staining was performed on frozen sections and/or cell smears by the recently developed APAAP immuno-alkaline phosphatase procedure. In about 90% of cases, neoplastic cells reacted strongly with antibodies against HLA-DR, leucocyte common antigen, B-cells (antibodies B1 and To15), hairy-associated antigens (antibodies KB-90, S-HCL3, HC2) and activated T-lymphocytes (antibodies anti-Tac and Tü69). The phenotype of 10% of cases was clearly different in that the neoplastic cells were negative or only weakly positive for one or more of the antigens recognized by HC2, anti-Tac and Tü69. Antibody HC1 reacted with tumour cells of only 50% of the hairy cell leukaemia cases investigated. Monoclonal antibody Ki-67 (which selectively detects proliferating cells) stained only a low percentage of cells in all but three of the cases studied. The neoplastic cells in all cases were unreactive with monoclonal antibodies anti-Leu1, Tü1, Tü33 and a meshwork of follicular dendritic cells was consistently absent from tissues infiltrated by hairy cells. The immunological phenotype associated with hairy cell leukaemia was not observed in any case of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma, suggesting that it represents a unique type of B-cell neoplasm.
Investigation of a basic electrolyte for decontamination (1979)

An electrolyte for decontaminating metals in a basic solution (pH greater than 7) was invented. The use of a basic electrolyte simplified recovery problems with respect to radioactive contaminants and anodically dissolved base metals. The electrolyte was used on a lab scale to decontaminate stainless steel which had been exposed to plutonium and americium. Actual glove box samples, as well as artifically contaminated samples, were decontaminated to less than 0.14 disintegrations per square centimeter per minute. Separation of the radioactive species and most of the anodically dissolved materials was accomplished by filtration.
NanoCluster Beacon - A new molecular probe for homogeneous detection of nucleic acid targets (2011)

Oligonucleotide-templated nanoclusters consisting of a few atoms of silver (DNA/Ag NCs) have been made into a new molecular probe that “lights up” upon target DNA binding, termed a NanoCluster Beacon (NCB). We discovered that interactions between silver nanoclusters and a proximal, guanine-rich DNA strand can lead to tremendous red fluorescence enhancement [1]. Here we show that dark silver nanoclusters templated on an ssDNA can be lit up into a palette of colors (green, yellow/orange, and red) by employing different proximal sequences, potentially enabling the use of NCBs in multiplexed assays. We tested a suite of nanocluster-nucleation sequences and found the sequences that created strong red fluorescence enhancement share a common 5'-C <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3</sub> NNNNNC <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">4</sub> motif, where N is either a thymine (T) or an adenine (A) base. We optimized the design of NCBs by testing the effect of different lengths of an interaction stem. The highest signal-to-background (S/B) ratio, 175, was achieved when the stem length was 3 base pairs long.
A smart hill-climbing algorithm for application server configuration (2004)

The overwhelming success of the Web as a mechanism for facilitating information retrieval and for conducting business transactions has ledto an increase in the deployment of complex enterprise applications. These applications typically run on Web Application Servers, which assume the burden of managing many tasks, such as concurrency, memory management, database access, etc., required by these applications. The performance of an Application Server depends heavily on appropriate configuration. Configuration is a difficult and error-prone task dueto the large number of configuration parameters and complex interactions between them. We formulate the problem of finding an optimal configuration for a given application as a black-box optimization problem. We propose a smart hill-climbing algorithm using ideas of importance sampling and Latin Hypercube Sampling (LHS). The algorithm is efficient in both searching and random sampling. It consists of estimating a local function, and then, hill-climbing in the steepest descent direction. The algorithm also learns from past searches and restarts in a smart and selective fashion using the idea of importance sampling. We have carried out extensive experiments with an on-line brokerage application running in a WebSphere environment. Empirical results demonstrate that our algorithm is more efficient than and superior to traditional heuristic methods.
Introduction to Spectroscopy for Noninvasive Glucose Sensing (2009)

This chapter contains sections titled: Introduction Clinical Applications and Significance of Noninvasive Glucose Monitoring Approaches and Methods Multivariate Calibration Methods Noninvasive Optical Techniques for Glucose Sensing Criteria for Successful Noninvasive Glucose Measurements References
Self-propagating high-temperature synthesis for compound thermoelectrics and new criterion for combustion processing (2014)

The existing methods of synthesis of thermoelectric (TE) materials remain constrained to multi-step processes that are time and energy intensive. Here we demonstrate that essentially all compound thermoelectrics can be synthesized in a single-phase form at a minimal cost and on the timescale of seconds using a combustion process called self-propagating high-temperature synthesis. We illustrate this method on Cu2Se and summarize key reaction parameters for other materials. We propose a new empirically based criterion for sustainability of the combustion reaction, where the adiabatic temperature that represents the maximum temperature to which the reacting compact is raised as the combustion wave passes through, must be high enough to melt the lower melting point component. Our work opens a new avenue for ultra-fast, low-cost, large-scale production of TE materials, and provides new insights into combustion process, which greatly broaden the scope of materials that can be successfully synthesized by this technique.
Exploiting rolling shutter for ENF signal extraction from video (2014)

The electric network frequency (ENF) signal can be embedded in multimedia recordings created in areas of electrical activities. Recent work has used the ENF signal for such applications as time stamp authentication and forgery detection. It is more challenging to extract ENF signals from video recordings than from audio recordings because of the low temporal sampling rate or frame rate of video cameras. The rolling shutter of CMOS image sensor can be exploited as it exposes a frame line by line, and the effective ENF sampling rate by treating each line as a signal sample can be increased. This scheme was shown to work well with static videos. This paper conducts a further study on the exploitation of the rolling shutter for extracting ENF traces from videos. The rolling shutter mechanism is modeled and analyzed using multirate signal processing theory. Challenging cases of videos with motions are examined, and solutions to extracting ENF from them are explored.
An Efficient Method for the In Vitro Production of Azol(in)e‐Based Cyclic Peptides (2014)

Heterocycle-containing cyclic peptides are promising scaffolds for the pharmaceutical industry but their chemical synthesis is very challenging. A new universal method has been devised to prepare these compounds by using a set of engineered marine-derived enzymes and substrates obtained from a family of ribosomally produced and post-translationally modified peptides called the cyanobactins. The substrate precursor peptide is engineered to have a non-native protease cleavage site that can be rapidly cleaved. The other enzymes used are heterocyclases that convert Cys or Cys/Ser/Thr into their corresponding azolines. A macrocycle is formed using a macrocyclase enzyme, followed by oxidation of the azolines to azoles with a specific oxidase. The work is exemplified by the production of 17 macrocycles containing 6-9 residues representing 11 out of the 20 canonical amino acids.
Droplet manipulation on a structured shape memory polymer surface (2017)

While methods for dynamic tuning of surface wettability to manipulate water droplets have been widely explored for many applications including digital microfluidics, those based on dynamically changeable surface morphology have remained challenging to achieve. In this work, we present a structured shape memory polymer (SMP) surface which shows dynamically tunable surface wettability through changeable surface morphology in order to manipulate water droplets. The structured SMP surface involves a SMP pillar array consisting of nanotextured small and large pillars which can change its morphology between permanent and temporary shapes upon thermomechanical loading. Specifically, the structured SMP surface dynamically creates a surface morphological gradient and changes its surface wettability during thermally induced shape recovery of the SMP pillar array. Different wetting characteristics of the structured SMP surface between permanent and temporary shapes are theoretically predicted and experimentally verified. Based on these measured wetting characteristics, the structured SMP surface is designed to demonstrate that the morphological difference between two shapes under a water droplet overcomes contact angle hysteresis, resulting in driving a water droplet, when combined with the thermal Marangoni effect.
The Activity Enhancement Effect of Ionic Liquids on Oxygen Reduction Reaction Catalysts: From Rotating Disk Electrode to Membrane Electrode Assembly (2021)

Ionic liquids (ILs) have been explored as a surface modification strategy to promote the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) on Pt/C and their chemical structures were identified to have strong influence on the ORR activities. To better understand the roles of anion and cation of ILs on the catalytic reaction, two cations ([MTBD]+ and [bmim]+) were paired with three anions ([TFSI]−, [beti]−, and [C4F9SO3]−) to form various IL structures. By systematically varying the IL combinations and studying their effects on the electrochemical behaviors, such as electrochemical surface area and specific ORR activities, it was found that cation structure had a higher influence than anion, and the impact of the [MTBD]+ series was stronger than the [bmim]+ series. In addition to the investigation in the half-cell, studies were also extended to the membrane electrode assembly (MEA). Considerable performance enhancements were demonstrated in both the kinetic region and high current density region with the aid of IL. This work suggests that IL modification can provide a complementary approach to improve the performance of proton exchange membrane fuel cells.
Macedocin, a Food-Grade Lantibiotic Produced by <i>Streptococcus macedonicus</i> ACA-DC 198 (2002)

Streptococcus macedonicus ACA-DC 198, a strain isolated from Greek Kasseri cheese, produces a food-grade lantibiotic named macedocin. Macedocin has a molecular mass of 2,794.76 +/- 0.42 Da, as determined by electrospray mass spectrometry. Partial N-terminal sequence analysis revealed 22 amino acid residues that correspond with the amino acid sequence of the lantibiotics SA-FF22 and SA-M49, both of which were isolated from the pathogen Streptococcus pyogenes. Macedocin inhibits a broad spectrum of lactic acid bacteria, as well as several food spoilage and pathogenic bacteria, including Clostridium tyrobutyricum. It displays a bactericidal effect towards the most sensitive indicator strain, Lactobacillus sakei subsp. sakei LMG 13558(T), while the producer strain itself displays autoinhibition when it is grown under conditions that do not favor bacteriocin production. Macedocin is active at pHs between 4.0 and 9.0, and it retains activity even after incubation for 20 min at 121 degrees C with 1 atm of overpressure. Inhibition of macedocin by proteolytic enzymes is variable.
Design of robust concentric circular differential microphone arrays (2017)

Circular differential microphone arrays (CDMAs) have been extensively studied in speech and audio applications for their steering flexibility, potential to achieve frequency-invariant directivity patterns, and high directivity factors (DFs). However, CDMAs suffer from both white noise amplification and deep nulls in the DF and in the white noise gain (WNG) due to spatial aliasing, which considerably restricts their use in practical systems. The minimum-norm filter can improve the WNG by using more microphones than required for a given differential array order; but this filter increases the array aperture (radius), which exacerbates the spatial aliasing problem and worsens the nulls problem in the DF. Through theoretical analysis, this research finds that the nulls of the CDMAs are caused by the zeros in the denominators of the filters' coefficients, i.e., the zeros of the Bessel function. To deal with both the white noise amplification and deep nulls problems, this paper develops an approach that combines different rings of microphones together with appropriate radii. The resulting robust concentric circular differential microphone arrays (CCDMAs) can mitigate both problems. Simulation results justify the superiority of the robust CCDMA approach over the traditional CDMAs and robust CDMAs.
Spread‐spectrum magnetic resonance imaging (2019)

Spread-spectrum MRI represents a new approach to accelerate image acquisition, and it can be independently combined with traditional parallel imaging techniques based on local receive coil sensitivities.