gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Adaptive control for hybrid electric vehicles (2011)

Existing controllers of hybrid electric vehicles (HEV) are mostly tuned to achieve higher fuel economy for specific driving conditions. In this paper, a brief review of control strategies is presented followed by new approaches to implementing an optimisation based controller. First, a control strategy based on stochastic dynamic programming that can be used for real time applications is presented. This strategy achieves about 10% increase in fuel efficiency in most drive cycles over a rule-based control strategy. The second analysis uses an artificial neural network (ANN) to develop an optimised control strategy. Several existing hybrid control strategies are used to model a base for city and highway driving. Elite simulation data was extracted to form a training set for the ANN. The training set was then used to develop a new ANN control strategy that was superior to all the existing strategies used to develop the training set.
Abstract B202: Covalent irreversible usp7 inhibitors for cancer immunotherapy (2018)

Abstract Tumors employ diverse strategies to suppress and evade the immune system’s ability to recognize and destroy tumor cells. Immune-suppressive Foxp3+ regulatory T cells (Tregs) in the tumor microenvironment correlate with poor prognosis in solid tumors. Therefore, selective depletion of tumor-associated Tregs or impairment of Treg function is considered an attractive cancer immunotherapy approach. The pro-tumorigenic deubiquitylase (DUB) USP7 is also essential for Treg functions. USP7 controls Treg function largely by regulating post-translational modification of Foxp3 and TIP60. Deletion of USP7 in Tregs results in impairment of Treg functions and autoimmunity in mice. Progenra has developed potent, selective covalent irreversible USP7 inhibitors that impair Treg functions ex vivo and in vivo. Most importantly, USP7 inhibitors exhibit robust antitumor activity against several syngeneic solid tumor models in immunocompetent mice. In addition, Progenra’s USP7 inhibitors enhance the efficacy of anti-PD1 antibody, anti-CTLA4 antibody, and cancer vaccines. These studies strongly suggest that USP7 inhibitors alone or in combination regimens can improve the efficacy and expand the scope of cancer immunotherapy. Citation Format: Suresh Kumar, Jian Wu, Feng Wang, Liqing Wang, Lee Chen, Ivan Sokirniy, Hui Wang, David Sterner, Charles Grove, Brigid Cunnion, Joseph Weinstock, Michael Mattern, Wayne Hancock. Covalent irreversible usp7 inhibitors for cancer immunotherapy [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR-NCI-EORTC International Conference: Molecular Targets and Cancer Therapeutics; 2017 Oct 26-30; Philadelphia, PA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Mol Cancer Ther 2018;17(1 Suppl):Abstract nr B202.
High-performance negative electron affinity photocathodes for high resolution electron beam lithography and metrology (2002)

Factors affecting the brightness of negative electron affinity photocathodes have been investigated experimentally and theoretically. The results of a two-dimensional model of electron dynamics in the cathode, including the effects of surface-trapped electrons, are presented. Emission is seen to be cut off in the central emission area at high current levels. The angular distribution is compared to a cosine distribution based on an energy spectrum obtained from the same cathode. While superior to the cosine distribution with respect to its forward focusing properties, it is far wider than previous theory has suggested.
Recent progress in metal halide discharge-lamp research (1980)

The use of volatile halides to introduce additive metals into a high-pressure arc discharge provides a light source of superior colour quality and high luminous efficacy; however, complex physical and chemical phenomena arise from additives having important consequences upon the operating characteristics. Although understanding of the underlying processes is presently incomplete, a critical appraisal of recent studies of radiative, compositional, vaporisation, transport and electrical properties reveal significant progress in identifying dominant mechanisms. Moreover, while the formulation of predictive models remains in a rather primitive stage, further progress now appears possible, providing the foundation for a more rational design approach to these lamps from which improved performance may be expected.
Direct‐Current Triboelectric Generator (2014)

The first direct‐current triboelectric generator (DC‐TEG) based on sliding electrification for harvesting mechanical energy from rotational motion is reported. The DC‐TEG consists of two rotating wheels and one belt for connecting them, which are made of distinctly different triboelectric materials with a specific requirement. During the rotation, the contact‐induced electrification and the relative sliding between the two wheels and the belt can induce a continuous increase of the accumulated positive and negative triboelectric charges at the two rotating wheels, respectively, resulting in a Corona discharge and producing the observed current through an external load. The DC‐TEG can deliver an open‐circuit voltage of larger than 3200 V and a maximum power of 100 μW under an external load of 60 MΩ at a rotational speed of 1000 r min –1 . By designing a point metal discharge electrode near the accumulated positive charges on the metal wheel, the instantaneous short‐circuit current can be up to 0.37 mA. The DC‐TEG can be utilized as a direct power source to light up 1020 serially connected commercial light‐emitting diodes (LEDs) and the produced energy can also be stored in a capacitor for other uses. This work presents a DC‐TEG technology to harvest mechanical energy from rotational motion for self‐powered electronics.
Strong Interactions in Supported-Metal Catalysts (1981)

Many commercially important catalysts consist of small metal particles dispersed on inorganic oxide surfaces. Although in most cases there is no significant interaction between the metal and the support, strong bonding can be demonstrated in a recently discovered class of supported-metal catalysts. These cases typically involve group VIII metals dispersed on transition metal oxides whose surfaces can be reduced to form cations with lower valences. Spectroscopic measurements indicate that an electron is transferred from the cation (such as Ti(3+) or Nb(4+)) to the metal particle. This, in turn, leads to profound changes in the catalytic and chemisorption properties and the morphology of the metal particles.
Novel Hepatitis B Virus Capsid-Targeting Antiviral That Aggregates Core Particles and Inhibits Nuclear Entry of Viral Cores (2018)

An estimated 240 million are chronically infected with hepatitis B virus (HBV), which can lead to liver disease, cirrhosis, and hepatocellular carcinoma. Currently, HBV treatment options include only nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors and the immunomodulatory agent interferon alpha, and these treatments are generally not curative. New treatments with novel mechanisms of action, therefore, are highly desired for HBV therapy. The viral core protein (Cp) has gained attention as a possible therapeutic target because of its vital roles in the HBV life cycle. Several classes of capsid assembly effectors (CAEs) have been described in detail, and these compounds all increase capsid assembly rate but inhibit HBV replication by different mechanisms. In this study, we have developed a thermal shift-based screening method for CAE discovery and characterization, filling a much-needed gap in high-throughput screening methods for capsid-targeting molecules. Using this approach followed by cell-based screening, we identified the compound HF9C6 as a CAE with low micromolar potency against HBV replication. HF9C6 caused large multicapsid aggregates when capsids were assembled in vitro and analyzed by transmission electron microscopy. Interestingly, when HBV-expressing cells were treated with HF9C6, Cp was excluded from cell nuclei, suggesting that this compound may inhibit nuclear entry of Cp and capsids. Furthermore, mutational scanning of Cp suggested that HF9C6 binds the known CAE binding pocket, indicating that key Cp-compound interactions within this pocket have a role in determining the CAE mechanism of action.
Analysis of <i>cis</i>‐acting sequence and structural elements required for antitermination of the <i>Bacillus subtilis tyrS</i> gene (1997)

The Bacillus subtilis tyrS gene belongs to the T box family of aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase and amino acid biosynthesis genes, which are regulated by a common mechanism of transcriptional antitermination. Each gene is induced by specific amino acid limitation; the uncharged cognate tRNA is the effector inducing transcription of the full-length message. The leader regions of the genes in this family share a number of conserved primary sequence and secondary structural elements, the functions of which are unknown. In this study, we examine these regions and report the effects of mutations in several of these elements. In addition, two alternative basepairings in the F box region were found to be necessary for tyrS antitermination.
Shortlist Selection with Residual-Aware Distance Estimator for K-Nearest Neighbor Search (2016)

In this paper, we introduce a novel shortlist computation algorithm for approximate, high-dimensional nearest neighbor search. Our method relies on a novel distance estimator: the residual-aware distance estimator, that accounts for the residual distances of data points to their respective quantized centroids, and uses it for accurate short-list computation. Furthermore, we perform the residual-aware distance estimation with little additional memory and computational cost through simple pre-computation methods for inverted index and multi-index schemes. Because it modifies the initial shortlist collection phase, our new algorithm is applicable to most inverted indexing methods that use vector quantization. We have tested the proposed method with the inverted index and multi-index on a diverse set of benchmarks including up to one billion data points with varying dimensions, and found that our method robustly improves the accuracy of shortlists (up to 127% relatively higher) over the state-of-the-art techniques with a comparable or even faster computational cost.
The Radiological and Thermal Characteristics of Fission Waste from a Deep-Burn Fusion-Fission Hybrid (LIFE) and Implications for Repository Performance (2009)

We are studying the use of a Laser Inertial-confinement Fusion Engine (LIFE) to drive a hybrid fusion-fission system that can generate electrical power and/or burn nuclear waste [1] The system uses the neutrons from laser-driven ICF to produce tritium and to drive nuclear reactions in a subcritical fission blanket. The fusion neutron source obviates the need for a self-sustaining chain reaction in the fission blanket. Either fissile or fertile could be used as fission fuel, thus eliminating the need for isotopic enrichment. The “driven ” system potentially allows very high levels of burnup to be reached, extracting a large fraction of the available energy in the fission fuel without the need for reprocessing. In this note, we discuss the radionuclide inventory of a depleted uranium (DU) fuel burned to greater than 95 % FIMA (Fissions per Initial heavy Metal Atom), the implications for thermal management of the resulting waste, and the implications of this waste for meeting the dose standards for releases from a geological repository for high-level waste [2]. The fission waste discussed here would be that produced by a LIFE hybrid with a 500-MW fusion source. The fusion neutrons are multiplied and moderated by a sequence of concentric shells of materials before encountering the fission fuel, and fission in this region is largely due to thermal neutrons. The fission blanket consists of 40 metric tons (MT) of DU, assumed to be in the form of TRISO-like UOC fuel particles embedded in 2-cm-diameter graphite pebbles. (It is recognized that TRISO-based fuel may not reach the high burnup of the fertile fuel
A virtual reality-based exercise program for stroke rehabilitation (2000)

A PC based desktop Virtual Reality system was developed for rehabilitating hand function in stroke patients. The system uses two hand input devices, a CyberGlove and a RMII force feedback glove, to allow the user to interact with one of four rehabilitation exercises. Each of which is designed to exercise one specific parameter of hand movement, namely range, speed, fractionation or strength. The therapy program is semi-automated and personalized to each user through the use of performance-based target levels. These are adapted between sessions in order to induce the user to improve. Feedback is provided to each user throughout the exercise sessions. To further motivate the user to continue the exercise program, screen displays are designed as interactive games. The system is described and sample data is presented from preliminary studies performed on control subjects.
Tissue-specific expression of human P-450AROM. The promoter responsible for expression in adipose tissue is different from that utilized in placenta (1991)

The biosynthesis of estrogens from androgens is catalyzed by a enzyme of the endoplasmic reticulum termed aromatase cytochrome P-450 (P-450AROM). The gene encoding P-450AROM was isolated in our laboratory utilizing a full-length P-450AROM cDNA and a primer-extended cDNA obtained from human placental libraries as probes. We have found that the P-450AROM gene spans at least 75 kilobases and the region encoding the P-450AROM protein is comprised of nine exons. In addition, there are at least two untranslated exons, I.1 and I.2, upstream of which are found putative promoter sequences thought to be responsible for expression of P-450AROM in placenta. To determine if these promoters are utilized to regulate P-450AROM expression in adipose tissue, we have used polymerase chain reaction technology in an attempt to amplify the untranslated exons out of human adipose total RNA. The untranslated exons could not be amplified out of adipose RNA although they could be amplified out of placental RNA. When oligonucleotides corresponding to these untranslated exons were used in Northern analysis of RNA from human adipose stromal cells, no hybridizable mRNA species was detectable. Putative promoter sequences 326 and 110 base pairs (bp) upstream of the 5' end of exon II were evaluated as adipose P-450AROM promoters by primer extension analysis and S1 nuclease protection assays. Both methods suggest a start site of transcription 26 bp down-stream of the TATAAA sequence located 110 bp from the placental intron-exon II junction. These results indicate that tissue-specific regulation of aromatase activity in the human is achieved in part by the use of alternative transcriptional start sites and tissue-specific promoters.
CMOS-Integrated Low-Noise Junction Field-Effect Transistors for Bioelectronic Applications (2018)

In this work, we present a CMOS-integrated low-noise junction field-effect transistor (JFET) developed in a standard 0.18 pm CMOS process. These JFETs reduce input-referred flicker noise power by more than a factor of 10 when compared to equally sized n-channel MOS devices by eliminating oxide interfaces in contact with the channel. We show that this improvement in device performance translates into a factor-of-10 reduction in the input-referred noise of integrated CMOS operational amplifiers when JFET devices are used at the input, significant for many applications in bioelectronics.
End-to-end vascular anastomosis using a novel magnetic compression device in rabbits: a preliminary study (2020)

Magnetic compression anastomosis (MCA) has been appreciated as an innovative alternative to manual suturing in vascular reconstruction. However, magnetic devices have limitations in their applications. The present study aimed to introduce a newly developed magnetic device for end-to-end vascular anastomosis. Twenty male New Zealand rabbits were randomly assigned to receive end-to-end postcaval vein anastomosis using either a newly designed MCA device (Group MCA) or continuous-interrupted suturing (Group CIS). The anastomotic patency was evaluated by Doppler or venography immediately, 1 week, and 12 weeks after surgery. Anastomotic quality was evaluated gross and microscopic histological study 12 weeks after surgery. The procedure was successfully performed and all animals survived until sacrifice. The duration of surgery and anastomosis time in Group MCA were significantly shorter compared to Group CIS (all p < 0.001), and the incidence of anastomotic patency and postoperative morbidity were comparable between the two groups (all p > 0.05). Hematoxylin-eosin staining showed that anastomotic intima from Group MCA was much smoother with more regularly arranged endothelial cells than from compared to the Group CIS. A novel MCA device was successfully applied in rabbit vascular anastomosis. We demonstrated the reliability and effectiveness of this newly developed MCA in this study.
Stochastic Multi-Fidelity Scheduling of Flexibility Reserve for Energy Storage (2019)

This paper proposes a continuous-time two-stage stochastic optimization model for multi-fidelity co-optimization of energy and flexibility reserve provided by generating units and energy storage (ES) devices in day-ahead operation. The flexibility reserve, defined as a single continuous-time trajectory that combines the balancing and ramping reserves, not only supplies the energy deviation but also the ramping requirements of load and renewable generation in power systems operation. The proposed model co-optimizes decision variables with different modeling fidelity, where the energy and flexibility reserve schedules are modeled and optimized by Bernstein polynomials of different degrees to match the flexibility requirements of load and renewable generation in day-ahead and real-time operation stages. Numerical studies, conducted on the IEEE reliability test system with the load and solar data of California ISO, highlight the benefits of the proposed stochastic multi-fidelity model over traditional discrete-time models in efficient utilization of ES flexibility to supply the energy and ramping requirements of the net-load and avoid scarcity events.
A Splicing Variant of the Bcl-2 Member Bok with a Truncated BH3 Domain Induces Apoptosis but Does Not Dimerize with Antiapoptotic Bcl-2 Proteins in Vitro (1998)

Bok (Bcl-2-related ovarian killer) is a proapoptotic Bcl-2 family protein identified in the ovary based on its dimerization with the antiapoptotic protein Mcl-1. In addition to the Bcl-2 homology (BH) domains 1 and 2 and the transmembrane sequence, Bok also has a BH3 domain believed to be important for dimerization with selective antiapoptotic Bcl-2 proteins and cell killing. We identified a splicing variant of Bok mRNA with a deletion of 43 residues from the full-length protein (Bok-L), leading to the fusion of the N-terminal-half of its BH3 domain to the C-terminal-half of the BH1 domain. Genomic analysis indicated that the Bok has five exons, and the short form of Bok (Bok-S) represents the splicing out of exon three during transcription. Although Bok-S retains the apoptosis-inducing activity in transfected cells, it has lost the ability to dimerize with antiapoptotic proteins in vitro. Additional BH3 domain mutations of Bok-L also led to defective heterodimerization without affecting its proapoptotic action. Furthermore, similar deletions for the related channel-forming proapoptotic Bax and Bak did not impair their cell killing ability. Thus, the naturally occurring Bok-S variant represents a new form of proapoptotic protein that induces cell killing without heterodimerization with antiapoptotic Bcl-2 proteins. This variant appears to contain the minimal module spanning BH1 and BH2 domains and the transmembrane sequence for apoptosis induction by channel-forming Bcl-2 proteins.
Genetics of Myeloproliferative Neoplasms (2014)

In the last decade, genomic studies have identified multiple recurrent somatic mutations in myeloproliferative neoplasms (MPNs). Beginning with the discovery of the JAK2 V617F mutation, multiple additional mutations have been found that constitutively activate cell-signaling pathways, including MPL, CBL, and LNK. Furthermore, several classes of epigenetic modifiers have also been identified, in patients with MPN, revealing a requirement for mutations in other pathways to cooperate with JAK-STAT pathway mutations in MPN pathogenesis. Mutations in the de novo DNA methylation protein, DNMT3A, demethylation machinery, TET2 and related IDH1/2 production of oncometabolite 2-hydroxygluterate, and polycomb complex proteins EZH2 and ASXL1 have opened new pathophysiologic clues into these diseases. The prognostic relevance of these novel disease alleles remains an important area of investigation, and clinical trials are currently underway to determine if these findings represent tractable therapeutic targets, either alone, or in combination with JAK2 inhibition.
Bioelectrics-new applications for pulsed power technology (2002)

The possibility to control functions and membrane transport processes in biological cells by external pulsed electric fields offers new applications for pulsed power technology. One such application is prevention of biofouling, an effect that is based on reversible electroporation of cell membranes. Pulsed electric fields of several kilovolts per centimeter amplitude and submicrosecond duration have been found to prevent the growth of aquatic nuisance species on surfaces. Reversible electroporation is also used for medical applications, e.g., for delivery of chemotherapeutic drugs into tumor cells, for gene therapy and for transdermal drug delivery. Higher electric fields cause irreversible membrane damage. Pulses in the microsecond range with electric field intensities in the tens of kilovolts per centimeter are used for bacterial decontamination of water and liquid food. A new type of field-cell interaction utilizing nanosecond pulses with electric fields exceeding 50 kV/cm has been recently added to known bioelectric effects. Based on capacitive coupling to cell substructures, it has the potential to affect transport processes across subcellular membranes and may be used for gene transfer into cell nuclei. Other studies indicate that it triggers intracellular processes such as programmed cell death that can be used for cancer treatment. In order to generate the required electric fields for these processes, high-voltage high-current sources are required. The pulse duration needs to be short to prevent thermal effects. Pulse power technology is the enabling technology for this new field of bioengineering, which we have termed "bioelectrics".
rPLR: an imaging system for measuring pupillary light reflex at a distance (2014)

Pupillary light reflex (PLR) is a simple noninvasive neurological test that can reveal a great amount of information of the neural system. We report here a novel imaging system for measuring PLR without using any restraints to limit the subject's movement. Our system incorporates a tracking component that can locate the subject's eye position and redirect the pupillary imaging component to follow the subject's movement. This system can measure PLR, at a distance from the subject, with high spatial resolution (<50 μm) and temporal resolution (120 Hz). Because this new PLR device can accommodate the subject's movement, it is well positioned to test in young children and other people who have difficulty remaining voluntarily still during tests.