gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
The Isolation And Elucidation Of The Hypoglycaemic Compounds From Eucalyptus Camaldulensis (2016)

The folkloric use of medicinal plants has formed the backbone for the development of many current pharmaceuticals [1]. Diabetes mellitus is a global epidemic to over 366 million people between 20 – 79 age groups being affected [2]. This study aims to investigate the effect of Eucalyptus camaldulensis, on the blood glucose concentration and to subsequently determine the hypoglycaemic compound(s). An oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) was done with the crude hexane, ethyl acetate and methanol extracts using an Accucheck Advantage (II) glucose kit in order to determine the effect on the blood glucose concentration. The crude hexane extract caused the most hypoglycaemic effect (4.71 ± 0.19 mmol/L vs. 6.32 ± 0.369 mmol/L dimethyl sulfoxide, control, at the 90 minutes interval) and as such further purification was carried out using chromatography. Bio-directed purification was carried out and yielded three (3) compounds: K1 (50 mg/kg body weight (BW), K2 (30 mg/kg BW) and K3 (30 mg/kg BW) which significantly reduce the glycaemic peak when compared with the control (5.26 ± 0.183 mmol/L, 5.44 ± 0.199 mmol/L and 5.05 ± 0.182 mmol/Lvs 6.32 ± 0.369 mmol/L at the 90 minutes interval respectively). The structures of the hypoglycaemic compounds were elucidated and compared with the commercially available compounds and a positive control, metformin. The hypoglycaemic compounds isolated from E. camaldulensis were identified as hexadecanoic and octadecanoic acids in a specific ratio (K2) and pure compounds (K1 and K3). Therefore, this research will contribute to an overall reduction in the healthcare cost for many countries.
Impact of tunnel currents and channel resistance on the characterization of channel inversion layer charge and polysilicon-gate depletion of sub-20-Å gate oxide MOSFETs (1999)

This paper discusses the limitations on MOSFET test structures used in extracting the polysilicon gate doping from capacitance-voltage (C-V) analysis in strong inversion, especially for ultrathin gate oxides. It is shown that for sub-20-/spl Aring/ oxide MOS devices, transistors with channel lengths less than about 10 /spl mu/m will be needed to avoid an extrinsic capacitance roll-off in strong inversion. The upper limit of the channel length has been estimated using a new simple transmission-line-model of the terminal capacitance, which accounts for the nonnegligible gate tunneling current and finite channel resistance.
Synthesis, Structure and Antitumor Activity of a New Water-Soluble Platinum Complex, (1R, 2R-Cyclohexanediamine-N,N')(2-hydroxy-4-oxo-2-pentenoato(2-)-O2)platinum(II). (1993)

The reaction of dihydroxo(1R,2R-cyclohexanediamine)platinum(II) with 2,4-dioxopentanoic acid gave a water-soluble complex, (1R,2R-cyclohexanediamine-N,N')[2-hydroxy-4-oxo-2-pentenoato (2-)-O2] platinum(II). The structure of the complex was determined by X-ray crystal analysis. The data indicated a chelation of the acetylacetonato part of 2,4-dioxo-pentanoic acid to platinum(II). The complex showed moderate antitumor activity against murine leukemia L1210 in mice (T/C = 195% at a dose of 200 mg/kg) and high activity against cisplatin-resistant L1210 leukemia (T/C = 275% at a dose of 25 mg/kg).
A review on MR vascular image processing algorithms: acquisition and prefiltering: part I (2002)

Vascular segmentation has recently been given much attention. This review paper has two parts. Part I focuses on the physics of magnetic resonance angiography (MRA) generation and prefiltering techniques applied to MRA data sets. Part II of the review focuses on the vessel segmentation algorithms. The first section of this paper introduces the five different sets of receive coils used with the MRI system for magnetic resonance angiography data acquisition. This section then presents the five different types of the most popular data acquisition techniques: time-of-flight (TOF), phase-contrast, contrast-enhanced, black-blood, T2-weighted, and T2*-weighted, along with their pros and cons. Section II of this paper focuses on prefiltering algorithms for MRA data sets. This is necessary for removing the background nonvascular structures in the MRA data sets. Finally, the paper concludes with a clinical discussion on the challenges and the future of the data acquisition and the automated filtering algorithms.
Development of anti-GPC-1 (glypican-1)-CAR-T cells for adoptive T cell immunotherapies for squamous cell carcinoma (2015)

Meeting abstracts Immunotherapies using T cells transduced with a chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) gene have been demonstrated as a promising strategy for cancer treatment. CAR-T cells can specifically recognize tumor antigen expressed on the cell surface and eliminate tumors. Although CAR-T cell
Central serotonin receptors and delayed gastric emptying in non-ulcer dyspepsia. (1992)

Central serotonin 1A receptors may have a role in the pathophysiology of non-ulcer dyspepsia of the dysmotility subtype.
Subunit-Specific Coordinate Upregulation of Sodium Pump Activity in Alveolar Epithelial Cells by Lentivirus-Mediated Gene Transfer (2004)

Resolution of alveolar edema depends on active ion transport by sodium pumps located on the basolateral surface of alveolar epithelial cells (AECs), suggesting that upregulation of sodium pump activity may facilitate clearance of edema fluid. We have investigated the use of lentiviral vectors to augment sodium pump activity via gene transfer of sodium pump subunits to AECs. Full-length cDNA for the alpha(1) or beta(1) subunit of rat Na(+),K(+)-ATPase was cloned into the lentiviral vector pRRLsin.hCMV.IRES.EGFP. Rat AECs in primary culture were transduced on day 4 with lentiviral vectors pseudotyped with vesicular stomatitis virus glycoprotein G. Transduction with lentiviral vectors encoding either alpha(1) subunit (Lenti-alpha(1)-EGFP) or beta(1) subunit (Lenti-beta(1)-EGFP) led to dose-dependent increases in mRNA and protein for the corresponding subunit. Transduction with Lenti-beta(1)-EGFP was accompanied by coordinate upregulation of endogenous alpha(1) expression, whereas endogenous beta(1) expression was unchanged after transduction with Lenti-alpha(1)-EGFP. Consistent with these findings, transduction with Lenti-beta(1)-EGFP, but not Lenti-alpha(1)-EGFP, led to augmentation of sodium pump activity as a result of increases in Na(+),K(+)-ATPase holoenzyme. Sodium pump alpha(2) subunit and sodium channel protein did not change after Lenti-beta(1)-EGFP transduction. These results demonstrate that overall sodium pump activity can be efficiently upregulated in AECs specifically via gene transfer of the sodium pump beta(1) subunit and support the feasibility of lentivirus-mediated gene transfer to augment alveolar fluid clearance.
R176502, a New Bafilolide Metabolite with Potent Antiproliferative Activity from a Novel Micromonospora Species. (2004)

Abstract For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Attenuation of human respiratory syncytial virus by genome-scale codon-pair deoptimization (2014)

Human respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is the most important viral agent of serious pediatric respiratory-tract disease worldwide. A vaccine or generally effective antiviral drug is not yet available. We designed new live attenuated RSV vaccine candidates by codon-pair deoptimization (CPD). Specifically, viral ORFs were recoded by rearranging existing synonymous codons to increase the content of underrepresented codon pairs. Amino acid coding was completely unchanged. Four CPD RSV genomes were designed in which the indicated ORFs were recoded: Min A (NS1, NS2, N, P, M, and SH), Min B (G and F), Min L (L), and Min FLC (all ORFs except M2-1 and M2-2). Surprisingly, the recombinant CPD viruses were temperature-sensitive for replication in vitro (level of sensitivity: Min FLC > Min L > Min B > Min A). All of the CPD mutants grew less efficiently in vitro than recombinant wild-type (WT) RSV, even at the typically permissive temperature of 32 °C (growth efficiency: WT > Min L > Min A > Min FLC > Min B). CPD of the ORFs for the G and F surface glycoproteins provided the greatest restrictive effect. The CPD viruses exhibited a range of restriction in mice and African green monkeys comparable with that of two attenuated RSV strains presently in clinical trials. This study provided a new type of attenuated RSV and showed that CPD can rapidly generate vaccine candidates against nonsegmented negative-strand RNA viruses, a large and expanding group that includes numerous pathogens of humans and animals.
Hydrogenolytic Denitration of Polynitro Compounds (2005)

Abstract Results of the hydrogenation of 1,1,3,3‐tetranitrocyclobutane and hexanitrohexaazaisowurtzitane are described.
Friction Stir Riveting: Impact of Process Parameters on Joint Performance (2005)

The Friction Stir Riveting (FSR) process consists of rapidly rotating a suitably shaped rivet, bringing it into contact with the workpieces to be joined and slowly driving the rotating rivet into the workpieces. The process, which borrows some features of Friction Stir Welding results in heating the workpieces through friction, thereby locally softening the workpieces and enabling the insertion of the rivet under reduced force. While conceptually simple the details and subtleties of the joining process have not been studied, thus little insight into the influence of processing characteristics has been generated and knowledge of procedures for enhancing joint strength is lacking. The intent of this study is to investigate the influence of rivet composition, rotational speed and penetration rate on joint performance and to compare overall joint performance with that obtained using conventional resistance spot welds.
Non-rigid multi-modal registration on the GPU (2007)

Non-rigid multi-modal registration of images/volumes is becoming increasingly necessary in many medical settings. While efficient registration algorithms have been published, the speed of the solutions is a problem in clinical applications. Harnessing the computational power of graphics processing unit (GPU) for general purpose computations has become increasingly popular in order to speed up algorithms further, but the algorithms have to be adapted to the data-parallel, streaming model of the GPU. This paper describes the implementation of a non-rigid, multi-modal registration using mutual information and the Kullback-Leibler divergence between observed and learned joint intensity distributions. The entire registration process is implemented on the GPU, including a GPU-friendly computation of two-dimensional histograms using vertex texture fetches as well as an implementation of recursive Gaussian filtering on the GPU. Since the computation is performed on the GPU, interactive visualization of the registration process can be done without bus transfer between main memory and video memory. This allows the user to observe the registration process and to evaluate the result more easily. Two hybrid approaches distributing the computation between the GPU and CPU are discussed. The first approach uses the CPU for lower resolutions and the GPU for higher resolutions, the second approach uses the GPU to compute a first approximation to the registration that is used as starting point for registration on the CPU using double-precision. The results of the CPU implementation are compared to the different approaches using the GPU regarding speed as well as image quality. The GPU performs up to 5 times faster per iteration than the CPU implementation.
Antiviral Activity of 2-Acetylpyridine Thiosemicarbazones Against Herpes Simplex Virus (1981)

2-Acetylpyridine thiosemicarbazone derivatives inhibited the replication of herpes simplex virus types 1 and 2 to a greater extent than cellular deoxyribonucleic acid or protein synthesis.
Characteristics of Some Sulfur-Bonded Civil Engineering Materials (1978)

Sulfur can be used in mortars, concretes, and asphaltic paving materials. Based on test data on various sulfur mortars and concretes, the following physical properties are discussed: brittleness, strength, modulus of elasticity, thermal expansion, thermal conductivity, creep, and resistance to water and temperature cycles. Some problems, such as durability and the effect of H2S on strength, have been overcome to a great extent. Sulfur-modified asphaltic concretes have potential advantages over their unmodified asphalt counterparts because of their higher resilient moduli and better durability and aging. For some applications sulfur-bonded materials are superior to presently used construction materials.
MicroRNA‐135a‐3p regulates angiogenesis and tissue repair by targeting p38 signaling in endothelial cells (2019)

Angiogenesis is a critical process in repair of tissue injury that is regulated by a delicate balance between pro- and antiangiogenic factors. In disease states associated with impaired angiogenesis, we identified that miR-135a-3p is rapidly induced and serves as an antiangiogenic microRNA (miRNA) by targeting endothelial cell (EC) p38 signaling in vitro and in vivo. MiR-135a-3p overexpression significantly inhibited EC proliferation, migration, and network tube formation in matrigel, whereas miR-135-3p neutralization had the opposite effects. Mechanistic studies using transcriptomic profiling, bioinformatics, 3'-UTR reporter and miRNA ribonucleoprotein complex -immunoprecipitation assays, and small interfering RNA dependency studies revealed that miR-135a-3p inhibits the p38 signaling pathway in ECs by targeting huntingtin-interacting protein 1 (HIP1). Local delivery of miR-135a-3p inhibitors to wounds of diabetic db/db mice markedly increased angiogenesis, granulation tissue thickness, and wound closure rates, whereas local delivery of miR-135a-3p mimics impaired these effects. Finally, through gain- and loss-of-function studies in human skin organoids as a model of tissue injury, we demonstrated that miR-135a-3p potently modulated p38 signaling and angiogenesis in response to VEGF stimulation by targeting HIP1. These findings establish miR-135a-3p as a pivotal regulator of pathophysiological angiogenesis and tissue repair by targeting a VEGF-HIP1-p38K signaling axis, providing new targets for angiogenic therapy to promote tissue repair.-Icli, B., Wu, W., Ozdemir, D., Li, H., Haemmig, S., Liu, X., Giatsidis, G., Cheng, H. S., Avci, S. N., Kurt, M., Lee, N., Guimaraes, R. B., Manica, A., Marchini, J. F., Rynning, S. E., Risnes, I., Hollan, I., Croce, K., Orgill, D. P., Feinberg, M. W. MicroRNA-135a-3p regulates angiogenesis and tissue repair by targeting p38 signaling in endothelial cells.
Molecular Cloning of Odorant-Binding Protein: Member of a Ligand Carrier Family (1988)

Odorant-binding protein (OBP) is found in nasal epithelium, and it selectively binds odorants. Three complementary DNAs encoding rat odorant-binding protein have now been cloned and sequenced. One clone contains an open reading frame predicted to encode an 18,091-dalton protein. RNA blot analysis confirms the localization of OBP messenger RNA in the nasal epithelium. This OBP has 33 percent amino acid identity to alpha 2-microglobulin, a secreted plasma protein. Other members of an alpha 2-microglobulin superfamily bind and transport hydrophobic ligands. Thus, OBP probably binds and carries odorants within the nasal epithelium to putative olfactory receptors.
Shape Memory and Superelastic Ceramics at Small Scales (2013)

Shape memory materials are a class of smart materials able to convert heat into mechanical strain (or strain into heat) by virtue of a martensitic phase transformation. Some brittle materials such as intermetallics and ceramics exhibit a martensitic transformation but fail by cracking at low strains and after only a few applied strain cycles. Here we show that such failure can be suppressed in normally brittle martensitic ceramics by providing a fine-scale structure with few crystal grains. Such oligocrystalline structures reduce internal mismatch stresses during the martensitic transformation and lead to robust shape memory ceramics that are capable of many superelastic cycles up to large strains; here we describe samples cycled as many as 50 times and samples that can withstand strains over 7%. Shape memory ceramics with these properties represent a new class of actuators or smart materials with a set of properties that include high energy output, high energy damping, and high-temperature usage.
Quantitative multimodal x-ray tomography: absorption, phase, and darkfield contrast (2010)

The basic principles of x-ray image formation in radiography have remained essentially unchanged since R¨ontgen first discovered x-rays over a hundred years ago. The conventional approach relies on x-ray absorption as the sole source of contrast and draws exclusively on ray or geometrical optics to describe and interpret image formation. This approach ignores another, potentially more useful source of contrast, namely phase and scattering information. Phase-contrast imaging techniques, which can be understood using wave optics rather than ray optics, offer ways to augment or complement standard absorption contrast by incorporating phase information. The recent development of grating based phase- and darkfield-contrast imaging with x-rays1 pawed the way for many potential applications to medical imaging and structure determination in material science. Here we present our recent contributions to the field of interferometric phase-contrast and dark-field x-ray imaging. We introduce a new material dependent scattering parameter, the <i>Linear Diffusion Coefficient</i>, and a quantitative mathematical formalism to extend the dark-field x-ray images into three dimensions by tomographic reconstruction. Further, the results of two experiments that illustrate the potential of dark-field imaging for computed tomography are shown.
An integrated capacitance bridge for high-resolution, wide temperature range quantum capacitance measurements (2011)

We have developed a highly sensitive integrated capacitance bridge for quantum capacitance measurements. Our bridge, based on a GaAs HEMT amplifier, delivers attofarad (aF) resolution using a small AC excitation at or below k(B)T over a broad temperature range (4-300 K). We have achieved a resolution at room temperature of 60 aF/√Hz for a 10 mV ac excitation at 17.5 kHz, with an improved resolution at cryogenic temperatures, for the same excitation amplitude. We demonstrate the utility of our bridge for measuring the quantum capacitance of nanostructures by measuring the capacitance of top-gated graphene devices and cleanly resolving the density of states.
Maximum-likelihood parameter estimation for image ringing-artifact removal (2001)

At low bit rates, image compression codecs based on overlapping transforms introduce spurious oscillations known as ringing artifacts in the vicinity of major edges. Unlike previous works, we present a maximum-likelihood approach to the ringing-artifact removal problem. Our approach employs a parameter estimation method based on the k-means algorithm with the number of clusters determined by a cluster-separation measure. The proposed algorithm and its simplified approximation are applied to JPEG2000 compressed images. Our results show effective and efficient removal of ringing artifacts.
Measuring Mitochondrial Oxygen Tension (2013)

The protoporphyrin IX-triplet state lifetime technique (PpIX-TSLT) has been recently introduced as the first method to measure mitochondrial oxygen tension (mitoPO2) in living cells and tissues. The current implementation of the technique is based on oxygen-dependent quenching of the delayed fluorescence lifetime of 5-aminolevulinic-acid-enhanced mitochondrial PpIX. It represents a significant step forward in our ability to comprehensively measure tissue oxygenation. PpIX-TSLT is feasible for application in humans and recently we have been able to measure for the first time mitoPO2 in humans. MitoPO2 in intact tissues reflects the balance between oxygen supply and demand at the cellular level. Administration of aminolevulinic acid induces measurable mitochondrial levels of PpIX. PpIX acts as a mitochondrially located oxygen-sensitive dye by emitting a red delayed fluorescence after excitation with a pulse of green light. The lifetime of the delayed fluorescence is inversely related to PO2 by the Stern-Volmer equation. In vivo measurements of mitoPO2 in liver, heart, and skin of rats have revealed surprisingly high values of typically several tens of mm Hg. Clinical measurements of mitoPO2 are possible as demonstrated by cutaneous measurements in healthy volunteers. Applications of PpIX-TSLT in anesthesiology and intensive care medicine might, e.g., be monitoring mitoPO2 as a resuscitation end point, targeting oxygen homeostasis in the critically ill, and assessing mitochondrial function at the bedside. PpIX-TSLT likely also has applications in other fields also, e.g., providing an oxygen-related feedback signal in photodynamic therapy of malignant tumors.
The DADO production system machine (1986)

DADO is a parallel, tree-structured machine designed to provide significant performance improvements in the execution of large expert systems implemented in production system form. A full-scale version of the DADO machine would comprise a large set of processing elements (PEs) (on the order of thousands), each containing its own processor, a small amount (20K bytes, in the current prototype design) of local random access memory, and a specialized I/O switch. The PEs are interconnected to form a complete binary tree. This paper describes the application domain of the DADO machine and the rationale for its design. Parallel algorithms for production system execution are briefly described. We then focus on the machine architecture and detail the hardware design of a moderately large prototype comprising 1023 microprocessors currently operational at Columbia University. We conclude with very encouraging performance statistics recently calculated from an analysis of simulations of the system.
Combined Angiographic, Structural and Perfusion Radial Imaging using Arterial Spin Labeling (2023)

A Combined Angiographic, Structural and Perfusion Radial Imaging using Arterial Spin Labeling (CASPRIA) pulse sequence is presented which allows the simultaneous acquisition of non-contrast dynamic angiograms, quantitative perfusion maps and multi-contrast T1-weighted structural images within a single six-minute scan. Compared to conventional imaging methods, which took 70% longer to acquire, CASPRIA yielded comparable quantitative perfusion estimates, dynamic (rather than static) angiography with improved distal vessel visibility and structural images with greater contrast flexibility. With further work, the estimation of quantitative tissue T1 values could also be possible.