gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Pressure Support Ventilation Advisory System Provides Valid Recommendations for Setting Ventilator (2011)

A load and tolerance strategy with a computerized PSV advisory system provided valid recommendations for setting PSV to unload the inspiratory muscles, and the recommendations were essentially the same as the recommendations from experienced critical-care RRTs. The PSV advisory system operates continuously and automatically and may be useful in clinical environments where experts are not always available.
Functional Activities of 20 Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 (HIV-1)-Specific Human Monoclonal Antibodies (1995)

Antibodies that are useful in the treatment of HIV infection should result in virus neutralization or lysis of infected cells but should not enhance infection. In this study, the potential clinical use of 20 HIV-1-specific human monoclonal antibodies (HuMAbs) was determined by measuring their enhancing (C-ADE) activities using HIVLAI as the target virus. Two HuMAbs mediated both C-ADE and ADCC, two exclusively neutralized, and five exclusively mediated ADCC. Ten HuMAbs demonstrated no activity in any of the three assays. Three antibodies that neutralized HIVLAI were tested against HIVSF2; all three also neutralized HIVSF2. Four of five HuMAbs mediating ADCC against HIVLAI that were also tested against HIVSF2 had ADCC activity against HIVSF2. These results demonstrate that many HuMAbs have unique functions, allowing the separation of potentially beneficial and harmful activities. Combinations of HuMAbs with ADCC and neutralizing functions may have therapeutic utility.
Complex haplotypes derived from noncoding polymorphisms of the intronless α <sub>2A</sub> -adrenergic gene diversify receptor expression (2006)

Alpha(2A)-adrenergic receptors (alpha(2A)AR) regulate multiple central nervous system, cardiovascular, and metabolic processes including neurotransmitter release, platelet aggregation, blood pressure, insulin secretion, and lipolysis. Complex diseases associated with alpha(2A)AR dysfunction display familial clustering, phenotypic heterogeneity, and interindividual variability in response to therapy targeted to alpha(2A)ARs, suggesting common, functional polymorphisms. In a multiethnic discovery cohort we identified 16 single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the alpha(2A)AR gene organized into 17 haplotypes of two major phylogenetic clades. In contrast to other adrenergic genes, variability of the alpha(2A)AR was primarily due to SNPs in the promoter, 5' UTR and 3' UTR, as opposed to the coding block. Marked ethnic variability in the frequency of SNPs and haplotypes was observed: one haplotype represented 70% of Caucasians, whereas Africans and Asians had a wide distribution of less common haplotypes, with the highest haplotype frequencies being 16% and 35%, respectively. Despite the compact nature of this intronless gene, local linkage disequilibrium between a number of SNPs was low and ethnic-dependent. Whole-gene transfections into BE(2)-C human neuronal cells using vectors containing the entire approximately 5.3-kb gene without exogenous promoters were used to ascertain the effects of haplotypes on alpha(2A)AR expression. Substantial differences (P < 0.001) in transcript and cell-surface protein expression, by as much as approximately 5-fold, was observed between haplotypes, including those with common frequencies. Thus, signaling by this virtually ubiquitous receptor is under major genetic influence, which may be the basis for highly divergent phenotypes in complex diseases such as systemic and pulmonary hypertension, heart failure, diabetes, and obesity.
Structural Investigation of NaCrO<sub>2</sub> as a Positive Electrode for Rechargeable Sodium Battery Using Molten NaFSA-KFSA (2012)

Abstract not Available.
Continuous coating of silicon-on-ceramic (1980)

Growth of sheet silicon on low-cost substrates has been demonstrated by the silicon coating with inverted meniscus (SCIM) technique. A mullite-based ceramic substrate is coated with carbon and then passed over a trough of molten silicon with a raised meniscus. Solidification occurs at the trailing edge of the downstream meniscus, producing a silicon-on-ceramic (SOC) layer. Meniscus shape and stability are controlled by varying the level of molten silicon in a reservoir connected to the trough. The thermal conditions for growth and the crystallographic texture of the SOC layers are similar to those produced by dip-coating, the original technique of meniscus-controlled growth. The thermal conditions for growth have been analyzed in some detail. The analysis correctly predicts the velocity-thickness relationship and the liquid-solid interface shape for dip-coating, and appears to be equally applicable to SCIM-coating. Solar cells made from dip-coated SOC material have demonstrated efficiencies of 10% on 4-sq cm cells and 9.9% on 10-sq cm cells.
MEMS structures for pervasive device applications (2002)

New MEMS resonating structures using standard CMOS IC processes are proposed and analytical models for proposed structures are established. The static/dynamic analysis for these MEMS resonating structures using developed models and commercially available simulation tools is conducted and results are presented. Theoretical formulas governing the performance critical parameters are derived for the MEMS trench resonators and the results show that the performance of these MEMS resonators as measured by the resonator capacitance ratio improves with shrinking resonator size. These intrinsically low cost and small size devices are a key enabling technology for pervasive device applications.
Analog-to-digital conversion revolutionized by deep learning (2018)

As the bridge between the analog world and digital computers, analog-to-digital converters are generally used in modern information systems such as radar, surveillance, and communications. For the configuration of analog-to-digital converters in future high-frequency broadband systems, we introduce a revolutionary architecture that adopts deep learning technology to overcome tradeoffs between bandwidth, sampling rate, and accuracy. A photonic front-end provides broadband capability for direct sampling and speed multiplication. Trained deep neural networks learn the patterns of system defects, maintaining high accuracy of quantized data in a succinct and adaptive manner. Based on numerical and experimental demonstrations, we show that the proposed architecture outperforms state-of-the-art analog-to-digital converters, confirming the potential of our approach in future analog-to-digital converter design and performance enhancement of future information systems.
ChemInform Abstract: NEW SYNTHESES OF THIENO(3,2‐C)PYRIDINES (1978)

Abstract Behandlung der 3‐Alkyloxycarbonylpiperidone (I) mit Mercaptoessigsäureethylester (II) in Ethanol (IIIa) unter Einleiten von HCl‐Gas führt zu den Tetrahydropyridylmercaptoessigsäureestern (IV) (R3: ‐Et); wird die Reaktion in Methanol (IIIb) durchgeführt, so entstehen durch Umesterung von (II) auch die Methylester (IV) (R3: ‐Me); man kann die Verbindungen (IV) auch durch Umsetzen von (I) mit Mercaptoessigsäure, (IIIa) bzw. (IIIb) und HCl‐Gas synthetisieren, da die Veresterung von Mercaptoessigsäure sich während der Reaktion vollzieht.
Atom-based RF field probe: From self-calibrated measurements to sub-wavelength imaging (2015)

In this presentation, we discuss a fundamentally new approach for an electric (E) field probe design. This new approach is significantly different than currently used field probes in that it is based on the interaction of RF-fields with Rydberg atoms (alkali atoms placed in a glass vapor cell are excited optically to Rydberg states). The applied RF-field alters the resonant state of the atoms. The Rydberg atoms act like an RF-to-optical transducer, converting an RF E-field to an optical-frequency response. The RF probe utilizes the concept of Electromagnetically Induced Transparency (EIT). The RF transition in the four-level atomic system causes a split of the EIT transmission spectrum for a probe laser. This splitting is easily measured and is directly proportional to the applied RF field amplitude. The significant dipole response of Rydberg atoms enables this technique to make self-calibrating measurements over a large frequency band including 1-500 GHz. In this paper, we report on our results in the development of this probe. We also discuss two key applications: that is, self-calibrated measurements and sub-wavelength imaging and field mapping.
Hybrid Continuous‐Flow Total Artificial Heart (2018)

Clinical studies using total artificial hearts (TAHs) have demonstrated that pediatric and adult patients derive quality-of-life benefits from this form of therapy. Two clinically-approved TAHs and other pumps under development, however, have design challenges and limitations, including thromboembolic events, neurologic impairment, infection risk due to large size and percutaneous drivelines, and lack of ambulation, to name a few. To address these limitations, we are developing a hybrid-design, continuous-flow, implantable or extracorporeal, magnetically-levitated TAH for pediatric and adult patients with heart failure. This TAH has only two moving parts: an axial impeller for the pulmonary circulation and a centrifugal impeller for the systemic circulation. This device will utilize the latest generation of magnetic bearing technology. Initial geometries were established using pump design equations, and computational modeling provided insight into pump performance. The designs were the basis for prototype manufacturing and hydraulic testing. The study results demonstrate that the TAH is capable of delivering target blood flow rates of 1-6.5 L/min with pressure rises of 1-92 mm Hg for the pulmonary circulation and 24-150 mm Hg for the systemic circulation at 1500-10 000 rpm. This initial design of the TAH was successful and serves as the foundation to continue its development as a novel, more compact, nonthrombogenic, and effective therapeutic alternative for infants, children, adolescents, and adults with heart failure.
Radiometric efficiency of barium discharge plasmas (2002)

Summary form only given, as follows. Barium has a number of characteristics that indicate it may be a good atomic radiator in a glow discharge. Thus, a Ba glow discharge may prove to be of interest to the lighting industry for use in a novel, efficient light source. Progress in experimental determinations of the radiometric efficiency of a barium DC glow discharge under a variety of conditions will be reported.
Isoquinolines. 5. Synthesis and antiarrhythmic activity of benzylisoquinoline derivatives (1977)

The synthesis of a series of benzylisoquinolines 2-9 containing aminoacetamide side chains is described. The method involved reduction of the appropriately substituted nitrobenzylisoquinolines followed by acylation to the chloroacylamide derivatives. Amination with the appropriate amine yielded the desires secondary and tertiary amines. The primary amines were prepared via the phthalimides. Two acetanilides 14 and 15 are also described and compared with the benzylisoquinoline derivatives. All compounds were evaluated for their ability to protect against chloroform-induced ventricular fibrillation in mice. The active compounds 6 and 7 were tested for their effect against ventricular arrhythmias in dogs with myocardial infarction. All compounds with the exception of 5 and 12 exhibited some antiarrhythmic effect. The most potent compound, 1-[2-(2-ethylaminoacetyl)amino-3,4-dimethoxybenzyl]isoquinoline (7), showed greater antiarrhythmic potency, was considerably less toxic than lidocaine, and is a candidate for further evaluation.
High‐affinity binding of [<sup>125</sup>I]RTI‐55 to dopamine and serotonin transporters in rat brain (1992)

RTI-55 (3 beta-(4-iodophenyl)tropan-2 beta-carboxylic acid methyl ester), one of the most potent inhibitors of dopamine uptake reported to date, was radioiodinated and tested as a probe for the cocaine receptor in Sprague-Dawley rat brain. Saturation and kinetic studies in the striatum revealed that [125I]RTI-55 bound to both a high- and low-affinity site. The Kd for the high-affinity site was 0.2 nM, while the Kd for the low-affinity site was 5.8 nM. The corresponding number of binding sites in the striatum was 37 and 415 pmol/g protein. The pharmacological profile of specific [125I]RTI-55 binding in the striatum was consistent with that of the dopamine transporter. Additionally, [125I]RTI-55 was found to bind with high affinity to the cerebral cortex. Scatchard analysis revealed a single high-affinity component of 0.2 nM with a density of 2.5 pmol/g protein. The pharmacological profile demonstrated by [125I]RTI-55 in the cerebral cortex matched that of the serotonin transporter. Autoradiographic analysis of sagittal brain sections with [125I]RTI-55 binding was consistent with these findings. Specific binding of [125I]RTI-55 was blocked by dopamine uptake inhibitors in areas rich in dopaminergic nerve terminals. Conversely, serotonin uptake inhibitors blocked the binding of [125I]RTI-55 in brain areas rich in serotonergic neurons. These results demonstrate that [125I]RTI-55 may be a very useful ligand for the dopamine and serotonin transporters.
In vivo and ex vivo imaging with ultrahigh resolution full-field OCT (2005)

Imaging of <i>in vivo</i> and <i>ex vivo</i> biological samples using full-field optical coherence tomography is demonstrated. Three variations on the original full-field optical coherence tomography instrument are presented, and evaluated in terms of performance. The instruments are based on the Linnik interferometer illuminated by a white light source. Images in the <i>en face</i> orientation are obtained in real-time without scanning by using a two-dimensional parallel detector array. An isotropic resolution capability better than 1 μm is achieved thanks to the use of a broad spectrum source and high numerical aperture microscope objectives. Detection sensitivity up to 90 dB is demonstrated. Image acquisition times as short as 10 μs per <i>en face </i>image are possible. A variety of <i>in vivo</i> and <i>ex vivo </i>imaging applications is explored, particularly in the fields of embryology, ophthalmology and botany.
Analysis of the absorption layer of CIGS solar cell by laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (2012)

Laser induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) was applied for the elemental analysis of the thin copper indium gallium diselenide (CuIn(1-x)Ga(x)Se(2) [CIGS]) absorption layer deposited on Mo-coated soda-lime glass by the co-evaporation technique. The optimal laser and detection parameters for LIBS measurement of the CIGS absorption layer (1.23 μm) were investigated. The calibration results of Ga/In ratio with respect to the concentration ratios measured by x-ray fluorescence and inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectroscopy showed good linearity.
Spindle motor with active electromagnetic damping (1997)

Keywords: Spindle ; motor ; electromagnetic ; damping Reference EPFL-CONF-166642 Record created on 2011-06-07, modified on 2017-05-10
Measurement of characteristics of nanometric mechanical oscillators (2002)

For the purpose of making a small probe for scanning force microscopy (SFM), we have succeeded in fabricating nanometric oscillators with a tip mass of silicon and a neck of silicon dioxide by micromachining Si-SiO/sub 2/-Si laminated substrates. The size of the head ranged from 100 nm to 3 /spl mu/m and the diameter of the neck range from 10 nm to 200 nm. The resonant frequency is calculated to be in MHz order. Results of the test done by an atomic force microscope built within a scanning electron microscope showed that the oscillators are elastic and strong enough for use as SFM cantilevers.
Identifying radiomic features associated with disease activity, patient outcomes, and serum phenotypes in pediatric Crohn's disease via MRI (2022)

Pediatric Crohn’s disease (pCD) is a chronic relapsing-remitting inflammatory disease of the gastrointestinal tract, where there is a significant need for non-invasive comprehensive markers to accurately target clinical interventions. While Magnetic Resonance Enterography (MRE) is often used to localize pCD in vivo, it is still limited in predicting treatment response and capturing pCD phenotypes. The goal of this study was to identify radiomic features on baseline MRE associated with disease activity and treatment outcomes in pCD, as well as investigate potential associations of radiomics with serum-based pCD subtypes. Baseline MRE scans were acquired from 45 pediatric subjects (including healthy controls and pCD patients) where the latter was further sub-grouped into responders (stable after treatment) and non-responders (required surgery or had active disease 2+ years after treatment initiation). Radiomic features were extracted from the terminal ileum on a per-voxel basis from MRE and evaluated via a multi-stage feature selection scheme for identifying disease presence and patient outcomes separately. A Random Forest (RF) classifier achieved an area under the ROC curve (AUC) of 0.83 in distinguishing diseased patients from healthy subjects and an AUC of 0.85 in distinguishing nonresponders from responders; in leave-one-out cross-validation. Top-ranked Gabor and Laws radiomic features were found to be significantly correlated with serum pCD phenotypes including anemia, inflammation risk, vitamin deficiency, and immune activity. Radiomic features may therefore offer the ability to better characterize pCD phenotypes and predict patient outcomes, which could then be effectively treated via targeted interventions.
Thermal cleanups using dynamic underground stripping and hydrous pyrolysis oxidation (1999)

In the early 1990s, in collaboration with the School of Engineering at the University of California, Berkeley, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory developed dynamic underground stripping (DUS), a method for treating subsurface contaminants with heat that is much faster and more effective than traditional treatment methods. more recently, Livermore scientists developed hydrous pyrolysis/oxidation (HPO), which introduces both heat and oxygen to the subsurface to convert contaminants in the ground to such benign products as carbon dioxide, chloride ion, and water. This process has effectively destroyed all contaminants it encountered in laboratory tests. With dynamic underground stripping, the contaminants are vaporized and vacuumed out of the ground, leaving them still to be destroyed elsewhere. Hydrous pyrolysis/oxidation technology takes the cleanup process one step further by eliminating the treatment, handling, and disposal requirements and destroying the contamination in the ground. When used in combination, HPO is especially useful in the final polishing of a site containing significant free-product contaminant, once the majority of the contaminant has been removed.
Complexation of anthracycline antibiotics by the apo egg white riboflavin binding protein (1982)

The apo chicken egg white riboflavin binding protein complexes several anthracycline antitumor antibiotics and their metabolites. The Kd value for three important anthracycline glycosides (adriamycin, daunomycin, aclacinomycin A) is approximately identical at 0.5 micro M. The anthracycline occupies the flavin binding site in this complex, having its D-B rings overlaying the region normally occupied by the riboflavin A-C rings, respectively. The glycoside of the anthracycline, attached to C-7 of the A ring, is exposed to the solvent; consequently, the binding protein discriminates poorly between anthracycline A ring geometric isomers. Anthracyclinones, metabolites lacking the C-7 glycoside, are bound about 10-fold more tightly. The basis for the occupancy by anthracyclines of this flavin binding site is a steric homology (both ligands contain planar, linear conjugated rings) permitting the energetically favorable displacement of water from the hydrophobic pocket. The binding protein-anthracycline complex has been used for anaerobic aqueous redox titrations. Dithionite reduction of the anthracycline glycoside provides, in a two-electron process, the 7-deoxyanthracyclinone, via reductive elimination. The bound 7-deoxyanthracyclinone is then further two-electron reduced to the bound hydroquinone. Semiquinone radical intermediates are observed transiently; these are neither stable in solution nor complexed to the binding protein. Oxidation of the hydroquinone is accomplished by several reagents (oxygen, hydrogen peroxide, ferricyanide, cytochrome c). In the case of 7-deoxydaunomycinone hydroquinone, a mixture of two products is produced upon oxidation; these are the chromo-7-deoxydaunomycinone (identical with the first 2-e- reduction intermediate) and its leuco isomer, 8-acetyl-7,8,9,10-tetrahydro-5,8,12-trihydroxy-1-methoxy-6,11-naphthacenedione (iso-7-deoxydaunomycinone). These studies provide useful information concerning the redox properties of the anthracyclines and suggest that these antitumor antibiotics may be capable of functioning as riboflavin antagonists in vivo.
Detection of Rifampin-Resistant <i>Mycobacterium tuberculosis</i> in Sputa by Nested PCR-Linked Single-Strand Conformation Polymorphism and DNA Sequencing (2001)

Either PCR-mediated single strand conformation polymorphism (SSCP) analysis or DNA sequencing of rpoB DNA (157 bp) can be used as a rapid screening method for the detection of mutations related to the rifampin resistance of Mycobacterium tuberculosis. However, due to the nonspecific amplification of rpoB DNA from nontuberculous mycobacteria these methods cannot be directly applied to clinical specimens such as sputa. We developed a nested PCR method that can specifically amplify the rpoB DNA of M. tuberculosis on the basis of rpoB DNA sequences of 44 mycobacteria. Nested PCR-linked SSCP analysis and the DNA sequencing method were applied directly in order to detect M. tuberculosis and determine its rifampin susceptibility in 56 sputa. The results obtained by nested PCR-SSCP and DNA sequencing were concordant with those of conventional drug susceptibility testing and DNA sequencing performed with culture isolates.
Widely Tunable Terahertz Electromagnetic Radiation by Nonlinear Optical Effect. (2002)

A coherent terahertz (THz) wave can be generated by difference frequency generation (DFG) using nonlinear optical crystals. DFG has a potential advantage of wide tunability achieved by a proper selection of the DFG crystal and input wavelengths. In this paper, we present the latest progress in widely tunable THz-wave generation from 0.3 to 6.5 THz using DAST crystals. As a dual-wavelength light source for DFG, we employed a KTP optical parametric oscillator in the 1100-1200 nm range pumped at 532 nm. Using a thick DAST crystal more than 1 mm, maximun THz-frequency was limited to 0.6 THz. However, using thin DAST crystals less than 0.3 mm, a peak power of more than 10 mW were successfully generated at 2.5 and 4.3 THz. In spite of the present nanosecond-pulse operation, a compact system of widely tunable THz-waves, including a diode-pumped Q switched Nd:YAG laser and a pyroelectric detector, could be useful in THz-imaging and spectroscopic applications.
Characteristics of CVI988/Rispens and R2/23, Two Prototype Vaccine Strains of Serotype 1 Marek's Disease Virus (1995)

R. L. Witter, L. F. Lee, A. M. Fadly, Characteristics of CVI988/Rispens and R2/23, Two Prototype Vaccine Strains of Serotype 1 Marek's Disease Virus, Avian Diseases, Vol. 39, No. 2 (Apr. - Jun., 1995), pp. 269-284