gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Airborne Suspension/Vibration Isolation System. (1996)

Neurons from embryonic (E18) rat hippocampus were chosen to identify and characterize neurite growth-stimulating proteins accumulating in serum-free conditioned media (CM) obtained from primary or secondary cultures of cerebral astrocytes (less than 5% nonglial cells) using a quantitative cell culture bioassay. CM were fractionated by FPLC on an anion exchange column (Mono Q) and by gel filtration (Superose 6). Column fractions were analyzed by sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, immunoblotting and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) using antibodies to laminin (LN) and fibronectin (FN). The neurite-promoting activity (NPA) was tested by incubating aliquots of the eluted fractions with poly-L-lysine precoated glass coverslips prior to addition of neurons suspended in chemically defined medium. We provide evidence that the NPA in astroglial CM could be assigned mainly to a negatively charged, highly sulfated LN complex consisting predominantly of the B-chains of LN and presumably a sulfated proteoglycan that was sensitive for chondroitinase and to a lower degree to heparinase degradation. In addition, a smaller proportion of the NPA was associated with uncomplexed LN and free FN. FN reached approximately 10 times the concentration of LN in astroglial CM. As revealed by immunofluorescence microscopy, both LN and FN are simultaneously expressed by cultured astrocytes; however, only the production of FN, measured by ELISA, increased during the time astrocytes were in culture, whereas the release of LN remained unchanged. We conclude that, besides the most active LN complex, FN bound to a polycationic matrix is able to induce neurite growth in hippocampal neurons in vitro.
Mapping Quantitative Trait Loci in Plant Breeding Populations (2003)

Applied breeding programs evaluate large numbers of progeny derived from multiple related crosses for a wide range of agronomic traits and for tens to hundreds of molecular markers. This study was conducted to determine how these phenotypic and genetic data could be used for routinely mapping quantitative trait loci (QTLs). With dense maps, haplotype sharing of parents in a certain region is a good indicator for QTL‐allele sharing, albeit not 100% perfect. With this in mind, an approximate and simple method has been developed where ancestral genome blocks in the parents of the crosses can be identified via haplotype analysis and where the effect of a putative QTL is then modeled and estimated per ancestral genome block. A simulation of an early‐generation maize breeding scheme demonstrates the potential of the present approach for QTL detection in existing breeding programs. With this new QTL mapping strategy, the power, precision, and accuracy associated with large numbers of progeny may be attained, inferences about QTLs can be drawn across the breeding program rather than being limited to the sample of progeny from a single cross, and results may be much more valuable for marker‐assisted breeding because the QTLs apply to agronomically challenging situations in the field.
Multi-Pig Part Detection and Association with a Fully-Convolutional Network (2019)

Computer vision systems have the potential to provide automated, non-invasive monitoring of livestock animals, however, the lack of public datasets with well-defined targets and evaluation metrics presents a significant challenge for researchers. Consequently, existing solutions often focus on achieving task-specific objectives using relatively small, private datasets. This work introduces a new dataset and method for instance-level detection of multiple pigs in group-housed environments. The method uses a single fully-convolutional neural network to detect the location and orientation of each animal, where both body part locations and pairwise associations are represented in the image space. Accompanying this method is a new dataset containing 2000 annotated images with 24,842 individually annotated pigs from 17 different locations. The proposed method achieves over 99% precision and over 96% recall when detecting pigs in environments previously seen by the network during training. To evaluate the robustness of the trained network, it is also tested on environments and lighting conditions unseen in the training set, where it achieves 91% precision and 67% recall. The dataset is publicly available for download.
Bandlets for HDTV Video Processing (2008)

Summary form only given. De-interlacing, scaling, frame rate conversion, compression artifact removals are currently major video processing challenges to produce high quality images for HD TV displays. Recovering high resolution images from degraded or lower resolution videos requires adaptive geometric filtering and interpolation in space and time, at very high data rate. Finding appropriate image representations for geometric image processing is currently a fundamental research problem. We first review some psychophysic and physiologic models of human geometric visual processing. We then introduce bandlet bases, which are multi-scale geometric wavelets, constructed along space-time trajectories adapted to the video content. Applications to HDTV video processing will be shown.
Leading Edge Cooling of a Gas Turbine Blade With Double Swirl Chambers (2014)

The gas turbine blade leading edge area has locally extremely high thermal loads, which restrict the further increase of turbine inlet temperature or the decrease of the amount of coolant mass flow to improve the thermal efficiency. Jet impingement heat transfer is the state of the art cooling configuration, which has long been used in this area. In the present study, a modified double swirl chambers cooling configuration has been developed for the gas turbine blade leading edge. The double swirl chambers cooling (DSC) technology is introduced by the authors and comprises a significant enhancement of heat transfer due to the generation of two anti-rotating swirls. In DSC cooling the reattachment of the swirl flows with the maximum velocity at the middle of the chamber leads to a linear impingement effect, which is most suitable for the leading edge cooling for a gas turbine blade. In addition, because of the two swirls both suction side and pressure side of the blade near the leading edge can be very well cooled. In this work, a comparison among three different internal cooling configurations for the leading edge (impingement cooling, swirl chamber and double swirl chambers) has been investigated numerically. With the same inlet slots and the same Reynolds number based on hydraulic diameter of channel the DSC cooling shows overall higher Nusselt number ratio than that in the other two cooling configurations. Downstream of the impingement point, due to the linear impingement effect, the DSC cooling has twice the heat flux in the leading edge area than the standard impingement cooling channel.
Human Cortex Spheroid with a Functional Blood Brain Barrier for High-Throughput Neurotoxicity Screening and Disease Modeling (2018)

Abstract The integral selectivity characteristic of the blood brain barrier (BBB) limits therapeutic options for many neurologic diseases and disorders. Currently, very little is known about the mechanisms that govern the dynamic nature of the BBB. Recent reports have focused on the development and application of human brain organoids developed from neuro-progenitor cells. While these models provide an excellent platform to study the effects of disease and genetic aberrances on brain development, they may not model the microvasculature and BBB of the adult human cortex. To date, most in vitro BBB models utilize endothelial cells, pericytes and astrocytes. We report a 3D spheroid model of the BBB comprising all major cell types, including neurons, microglia and oligodendrocytes, to recapitulate more closely normal human brain tissue. Spheroids show expression of tight junctions, adherens junctions, adherens junction-associated proteins and cell specific markers. Functional assessment using MPTP, MPP+ and mercury chloride indicate charge selectivity through the barrier. Junctional protein distribution was altered under hypoxic conditions. Our spheroid model may have potential applications in drug discovery, disease modeling, neurotoxicity and cytotoxicity testing.
Electrophotographic patterning of thin-film silicon on glass foil (1995)

We report the patterning of thin films of amorphous silicon (a-Si:H) using electrophotographically applied toner as the etch mask. Using a conventional xerographic copier, a toner pattern was applied to 0.1 μm thick a-Si:H films deposited on /spl sim/50 μm thick glass foil. The toner then served as the etch mask for a-Si:H, and as the lift-off material for the patterning of chromium. This technique opens the prospect of roll-to-roll, high-throughput patterning of large-area thin-film circuits on glass substrates.
The effects of boron hypolipidemic agents on LDL and HDL receptor binding and related enzyme activities of rat hepatocytes, aorta cells and human fibroblasts. (1989)

Two boron-containing hypolipidemic agents, N,N-dimethyl-n-octadecylamine borane and tetrakis-mu-(trimethylamine-boranecarboxylato)bis-(trimethylamine- carboxyborane)-dicopper(II) were shown to reduce significantly serum cholesterol and triglyceride levels after 14 days administration in rats. Serum low density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol content was reduced by both agents; however, high density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol was elevated by N,N-dimethyl-n-octadecylamine borane but reduced by the dicopper (II) complex. The boron agents suppressed LDL binding and internalization in hepatocytes, fibroblasts and aorta cells and elevated HDL binding and degradation in hepatocytes. Enzyme activities were modulated by the boron derivatives which would favor less cholesterol deposition in peripheral tissues and further clearance from the plaque cells.
Bioengineered multilayered human corneas from discarded human corneal tissue (2015)

Corneal transplantation has become a common procedure to improve visual acuity by replacing the opaque or distorted host tissue with clear healthy donor corneal tissue. However, globally its wide spread clinical utility is limited due to a lack of supply of high quality corneas. Bioengineered neo-corneas using discarded human corneas to isolate corneal endothelial and epithelial cells, as well as corneal stroma as a scaffolding material, could help address this shortage. The objective of this study was to fabricate multilayered corneal equivalents that could be suitable for full thickness cornea transplantation. To achieve this goal human corneal endothelial cells (hCEC) and human limbal epithelial cells (hLEC) were isolated from discarded human corneas and expanded in vitro, maintaining their phenotype for at least 3 passages. We used our previously described process of human cornea decellularization to create corneal scaffolds that preserve the native extracellular matrix of the corneal stroma. The corneal scaffolds were seeded with hCEC and hLEC, using a special apparatus that enabled seeding both sides of the scaffold. The cell-seeded corneal constructs supported hCEC and hLEC growth and multi-cellular organization for 2 weeks in vitro. Immunohistochemical analysis showed expression of typical hCEC and hLEC markers on their corresponding sides. Importantly, the cell-seeded corneal constructs were more transparent than non-seeded corneal scaffolds. Taken together, this study demonstrates the feasibility of creating multilayered cornea equivalents, exclusively from human donor-derived materials. These constructs may be suitable for corneal transplantation, and as a short-term application, may serve for ophthalmological drug testing purposes.
Sublimation temperature sensor for temperature locale (2021)

The sublimation temperature sensor (or “sublime sensor”) provides a continuum of measurement locations in which certain maximum temperatures are achieved during a heat up/cool down cycle. A predetermined material is encapsulated within a vacuum-sealed, non-volatile long tube (i.e., both ends capped and L ≫ D). This assembly is then inserted and centered into a heated zone, such as a furnace, exhaust pipe, or reactor. As the temperature increases, the material will sublimate (i.e., a process of having both the solid and gaseous states of matter simultaneously present) and will begin to fill the void—moving outward in both directions toward the ends of the tube. Once beyond the elevated temperatures, the gas will de-sublimate (i.e., deposition) onto the inner wall of the tube. The desired result of the sensor is the ring of material that develops over a relatively short period of time. This material deposit can be equated with temperature at an exact location. There is no need to interpolate and/or extrapolate for the desired measurement. Accuracy has been recorded for temperature locations on the range of ±2 mm over a 1 m span. Likewise, the precision of the measurement is ±0.2% the overall sensor domain. Furthermore, individual tubes with unique materials and pressures can be bundled together to provide a complete temperature profile of the heated zone.
A high throughput electrorotation flow cytometer for single-cell analysis in continuous flows (2017)

We report a novel microfluidic-based high-throughput electrorotation flow cytometer for label-free single-cell analysis in continuous flows. This is realized by a heterogeneously integrated microfluidic channel with electrodes for high precision 3D single stream focusing and electrorotation of cells in high speed flows. This device provides 4 orders of magnitude higher throughput than prior electrorotation based cytometers.
Preparation of polyglycerol from palm-biodiesel crude glycerin. (2013)

The demand for green energy derived from plant feedstock has been the determining factor for the abundant supply of glycerol. Concerted efforts have been made to expand the current scope of glycerol application. This study describes the rapid polymerisation of crude glycerol directly obtained from the biodiesel process to produce polyglycerol via microwave heating technology. Crude glycerol used in this study was obtained from four different biodiesel pilot plants. Commercially pure glycerol was used as the control in all the parameters studied. The highest percent yield of polyglycerol obtained was 94.94% when heated at 250C for 60 min under microwave irradiation. Crude glycerol that gave the highest polyglycerol percentage was found to contain the highest percent of soap (12.5%). It was anticipated that a high conversion of glycerol was due to the soap contained in the crude glycerol. This study showed that biodiesel-based crude glycerol with appropriate soap content could be used directly as a raw material in polyglycerol production.
Statistical path tracing in timing graphs (2016)

Path tracing is a key requirement in providing various functionalities in a Static Timing Analysis (STA) tool. With growing design sizes and advancements in STA techniques like statistical timing analysis, path tracing techniques need to be more efficient and accurate. Naïve extensions of path tracing techniques for statistical timing analysis are found to be inefficient and inaccurate. In this paper, we present a novel Statistical Path Tracing (SPT) approach and illustrate its application in Common Path Pessimism Removal (CPPR). We demonstrate that SPT is more efficient and accurate when compared to a Deterministic Path Tracing (DPT) approach.
Power-efficient 100 Gb/s transmission over transoceanic distance using 8-dimensional coded modulation (2015)

We demonstrate 100Gb/s 8D coded modulation transmission over 9,750 km with record high power efficiency as defined by the ratio of capacity-distance product to the total amplifier output power.
Decal Electronics: Printable Packaged with 3D Printing High‐Performance Flexible CMOS Electronic Systems (2016)

High-performance complementary metal oxide semiconductor electronics are flexed, packaged using 3D printing as decal electronics, and then printed in roll-to-roll fashion for highly manufacturable printed flexible high-performance electronic systems. As a service to our authors and readers, this journal provides supporting information supplied by the authors. Such materials are peer reviewed and may be re-organized for online delivery, but are not copy-edited or typeset. Technical support issues arising from supporting information (other than missing files) should be addressed to the authors. Please note: The publisher is not responsible for the content or functionality of any supporting information supplied by the authors. Any queries (other than missing content) should be directed to the corresponding author for the article.
Significant Temperature Dependence of the Isosteric Heats of Adsorption of Gases in Zeolites Demonstrated by Experiments and Molecular Simulations (2019)

Heat of adsorption is an important factor in determining the utility of a porous material for gas separation and storage applications. Although theoretically the heat of adsorption can depend on temperature, it is common practice to assume that this dependence is so weak that it can be ignored. In this paper, we challenge this common wisdom. We simulated the adsorption isotherms and heats of adsorption of small molecules (CO₂, CH₄, and N₂) in reference siliceous (LTA, CHA, MFI) and cation-exchanged (LTA-4A, Na-LTA Si/Al = 2,5) zeolites and found very significant temperature dependence of the isosteric heat of adsorption for CO₂ at low loadings for some systems. In cation-exchanged LTA zeolites, we found more than a 15 kJ/mol decrease over a 300 K range (∼30% variation). We also found remarkable temperature dependence for CO₂ in some siliceous zeolites with eight-membered-ring windows (e.g., ITQ-29). A weak temperature dependence was observed for CO₂ on silica MFI and for CH₄ and N₂ adsorption in all materials. Concurrent adsorption microcalorimetry measurements on cationic 4A and siliceous ITQ-29 (LTA) zeolites fully support the theoretical predictions. Our results demonstrate how the temperature dependence of the isosteric heat is related on the microscopic level to the redistribution of adsorption sites with changes in temperature. A wider implication of our findings is that many porous materials exhibit distinct populations of adsorption sites that can lead to significant temperature dependence of the isosteric heats of adsorption. Therefore, care should be exercised when reporting isosteric heats of adsorption on such materials. For some systems, the significant temperature dependence of the isosteric heats of adsorption may need to be accounted for in process design.
Models for LRRK2-Linked Parkinsonism (2011)

Parkinson's disease (PD) is a progressive neurodegenerative movement disorder characterized by the selective loss of dopaminergic neurons and the presence of Lewy bodies. The pathogenesis of PD is not fully understood, but it appears to involve both genetic susceptibility and environmental factors. Treatment for PD that prevents neuronal death progression in the dopaminergic system and abnormal protein deposition in the brain is not yet available. Recently, mutations in the leucine-rich repeat kinase 2 (LRRK2) gene have been identified to cause autosomal-dominant late-onset PD and contribute to sporadic PD. Here, we review the recent models for LRRK2-linked Parkinsonism and their utility in studying LRRK2 neurobiology, pathogenesis, and potential therapeutics.
Sintering of Porous Nickel (1983)

Observations of sintering behaviour have been made during the preparation of nickel with densities below 70% porosity by loose sintering and compacting Inco carbonyl nickel powders. By following the strength development, porosity changes, surface structure modifications, and pore shape changes, it has been shown that densification does not occur until temperatures of about 600°C are used for sintering, although surface diffusion can result in some strength being developed. The major changes in strength and structure do not occur until a temperature of 950°C is reached. PM/0242
Background speaker noise removal using combined EM sensor/acoustic signals (1999)

Recently, very low-power EM radarlike sensors have been used to measure the macro- and micro-motions of human speech articulators as human speech is produced [see Holzrichter et al., J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 103, 622 (1998)]. These sensors can measure tracheal wall motions, associated with the air pressure build up and fall as the vocal folds open and close, leading to a voiced speech excitation function. In addition, they provide generalized motion measurements of vocal tract articulator gestures that lead to speech formation. For example, tongue, jaw, lips, velum, and pharynx motions have been measured as speech is produced. Since the EM sensor information is independent of acoustic air pressure waves, it is independent of the state of the acoustic background noise spectrum surrounding the speaker. By correlating the two streams of information together, from a microphone and (one or more) EM sensor signals, to characterize a speaker’s speech signal, much of the background speaker noise can be eliminated in real time. This paper presents several algorithms to demonstrate the added noise suppression capability of the glottal EM sensors (GEMS). [Work supported by NSF and DOE.]
Synthesis, physicochemical and conformational properties of (3R,4R)-3-(3-cyclopropyl-1,2,4-oxadiazol-5-yl)-1-azabicyclo[2.2.1]heptane, a novel M1 selective muscarinic partial agonist (1992)

The cyclopropyloxadiazole derivative described in the title has been shown to be a functionally selective M1 partial agonist with antagonist properties in M2 and M3 muscarinic receptor assays; conformational studies indicate free rotation around the oxadiazole–azanorbornane bond, whilst X-ray studies reveal that the cyclopropyl group is in conjugation with the oxadiazole CN bond.
Active and inactive forms of biotin synthase occur in <i>Heterodera glycines</i> (2019)

<i>Heterodera glycines</i>, the soybean cyst nematode (SCN), is a plant-parasitic nematode capable of manipulating host plant biochemistry and development. Many studies have suggested that the nematode has acquired genes from bacteria via horizontal gene transfer events (HGTs) that have the potential to enhance nematode parasitism. A recent allelic imbalance analysis identified two candidate virulence genes, which also appear to have entered the SCN genome through HGTs. One of the candidate genes, <i>H. glycines</i> biotin synthase (<i>HgBioB</i>), contained sequence polymorphisms between avirulent and virulent inbred SCN strains. To test the function of these <i>HgBioB</i> alleles, a complementation experiment using biotin synthase-deficient <i>Escherichia coli</i> was conducted. Here, we report that avirulent nematodes produce an active biotin synthase while virulent ones contain an inactive form of the enzyme. Moreover, sequencing analysis of <i>HgBioB</i> genes from SCN field populations indicates the presence of diverse mixture of <i>HgBioB</i> alleles with the virulent form being the most prevalent. We hypothesize that the mutations in the inactive <i>HgBioB</i> allele within the virulent SCN could result in a change in protein function that in some unknown way bolster its parasitic lifestyle.
Analysis and Design of a Photonic Biosensor for Mild Traumatic Brain Injury (2013)

Abstract : This report describes a molecular biosensor that includes a lipid vesicle and housing wherein the vesicle is contained on orwithin the housing and where the housing has a portion capable of transmitting a force generated external to the housing to the vesicle. The biosensor detects the presence or absence of an event force, such as a blast or blunt force sufficient to produce a medical complication, such as traumatic brain injury.