gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Experimental Study on the Shift Control Characteristics of CVT using Embedded System (2006)

The continuously variable transmission (CVT), to implement speed ratio infinitely in the fixed range, has the characteristic of low fuel consumption and low exhaust gas due to operating the vehicle in a high efficiency range irrelevant to engine speed and vehicle speed. The speed ratio of belt type CVT is controlled by adjusting line pressure. The line pressure control prevents slip between the pulley and the belt by conserving optimal line pressure, which is implemented by controlling the thrust force of actuators of both the drive-shaft and the driven-shaft. The one of the line pressure control methods, mechanical-hydraulic control is usually adopting VDT's control method, in which the secondary solenoid valve has two functions both a regulator and a line pressure controller. However, this control method could not show the high performance of CVT with optimal driving capability because of the limitation of simple control algorithm, and it could not gain market share sufficiently in spite of the advantage of CVT with low fuel consumption. On the other hand, the electro-hydraulic control method gives the enhancement of power performance and low fuel consumption by implementing various driving mode using the proportional control or PWM control. The key of CVT technique is to develop a control algorithm of the electro-hydraulic solenoid valve in order to implement the speed ratio efficiently. In this paper, the line pressure control algorithm is proposed and the speed control characteristic is validated using metal belt type CVT test rig and the embedded ECU platform
Summer and Winter Prevalence of Shiga Toxin–Producing <i>Escherichia coli</i> (STEC) O26, O45, O103, O111, O121, O145, and O157 in Feces of Feedlot Cattle (2015)

The United States Department of Agriculture Food Safety and Inspection Service has declared seven Shiga toxin–producing Escherichia coli (STEC) serogroups (O26, O45, O103, O111, O121, O145, and O157) as adulterants in raw, nonintact beef products. The objective of this study was to determine the prevalence of these seven serogroups and the associated virulence genes (Shiga toxin [stx1, stx2], and intimin [eae]) in cattle feces during summer (June–August 2013) and winter (January–March 2014) months. Twenty-four pen floor fecal samples were collected from each of 24 cattle pens, in both summer and winter months, at a commercial feedlot in the United States. Samples were subjected to culture-based detection methods that included enrichment, serogroup-specific immunomagnetic separation and plating on selective media, followed by a multiplex polymerase chain reaction for serogroup confirmation and virulence gene detection. A sample was considered STEC positive if a recovered isolate harbored an O gene, stx1, and/or stx2, and eae genes. All O serogroups of interest were detected in summer months, and model-adjusted prevalence estimates are as follows: O26 (17.8%), O45 (14.6%), O103 (59.9%), O111 (0.2%), O121 (2.0%), O145 (2.7%), and O157 (41.6%); however, most non-O157 isolates did not harbor virulence genes. The cumulative model-adjusted sample-level prevalence estimates of STEC O26, O103, O145, and O157 during summer (n=576) were 1.0, 1.6, 0.8, and 41.4%, respectively; STEC O45, O111, and O121 were not detected during summer months. In winter, serogroups O26 (0.9%), O45 (1.5%), O103 (40.2%), and O121 (0.2%) were isolated; however, no virulence genes were detected in isolates from cattle feces collected during winter (n=576). Statistically significant seasonal differences in prevalence were identified for STEC O103 and O157 (p<0.05), but data on other STEC were sparse. The results of this study indicate that although non-O157 serogroups were present, non-O157 STEC were rarely detected in feces from the feedlot cattle populations tested in summer and winter months.
Grid-interfacing fuel cell system with active and reactive power flow control (2011)

This paper deals with the design, analysis, modeling and control of Power Conditioning Unit interfacing the Fuel Cell to the Utility Grid with proper power flow control. The output of the Fuel Cell Stack is connected to the DC side of the Voltage Source Inverter for interfacing to the Grid. The active power transfer is based on the phase angle between DC-AC converter output voltage and Grid voltage and reactive power management is based on magnitude of these voltages. The designed control scheme of the inverter consists of a cascade of two independent controllers, where the external PI power controllers generates the reference currents that is tracked by the inner hysteresis current controllers which generates the pulses for the inverter switches. The entire system is modeled in MATLAB/Simulink environment and simulations carried out to verify the operation and the control principle. Various simulation results are presented for the proposed Fuel Cell Grid interfaced system.
Self-routing crossbar switch with internal contention resolution (2002)

Network components for switching and routing systems are needed for the increasing demand of higher bandwidth. Especially the local area networks (LAN) see a strong move from fast Ethernet to gigabit Ethernet transmission. Therefore future router and switch architectures have to be scalable for higher bandwidth. The presented crossbar switch allows building up active backplanes and to connect up to 12 line cards with up to 12 FE ports each. With its aggregated bandwidth of 24 Gbit/sec the crossbar it's the central switching element of this system. The circuit runs at 125 MHz and consumes about 2.5 W. The overall area of the pad-limited design is given by 64 mm while the core area for the switching matrix, control logic and memories is about 25 mm/sup 2/.
Preparation of 12,20-disubstituted lupane derivatives (1979)

Ketoester I was reduced to diol VI . The higher reactivity of its primary hydroxy group was made use of for the preparation of 12α-hydroxy derivatives VII, VIII and X the oxidation of which led to oxo derivatives XII, XIII and XIV . The reduction of the 12-oxo group in compounds XII and XIV with lithium aluminium hydride takes place stereospecifically under formation of 12α-hydroxy derivatives VII and X , while on reduction with sodium in 1-propanol corresponding 12β-hydroxy derivatives XV and XVI are also formed. Reduction of the unsaturated ketone XVII with sodium borohydride gave unsaturated alcohols XVIII and XX . As acetoxy ketone XXIV was obtained from olefin XIX in a 12% yield only, its alternative preparation was carried out from acetoxy ketone XXXIV via the intermediates XXXII, XXXV, XXVIII and XXXI in an overall yield of 27%. The structures of the derivatives of 12-lupene ( III, V, XVII, XIX and XXI ), 12-lupanol ( II, VII, X, XV, XXXI and XXVII ) and 12-lupanone ( I, XII, XIII, XIV, XXIII, XXIV, XXXIII and XXXIV ) were confirmed by the analysis of their 1 H NMR spectra.
TDDFT study of the UV-vis spectra of subporphyrazines and subphthalocyanines (2011)

The UV-vis spectra of a series of subporphyrazines, SubPz(A,R), and subphthalocyanines, SubPc(A,R) ( A = F, Cl; R = H, F, CH 3 , C 3 H 7 , SCH 3 , SC 2 H 5 and SPh), where A is the substituent attached to the central boron atom and R is the substituent attached to the periphery of the molecule have been analyzed through the use of TD–DFT calculations in vacuum and using chloroform as a solvent. The absorption spectra depend on both, the characteristics of the substituent attached to the periphery of the molecule and the extension of the π-system on going from SubPz to the SubPc analog. These latter effects lead to a red-shift of both the Q-band and the B-band, although the effect is larger for the former, mainly due to the increase of HOMO–LUMO energy gap on going from the SubPz to the SubPc analog. The effect of the substituents R is more intricate, because the profile of the absorption spectra changes depending on whether both substituents are on the same side (uu or dd) or on opposite sides (ud) of the molecular cone. Since the three conformers are rather close in energy, the observed spectra correspond, very likely, to the sum of the spectra of all of them.
Tolcapone (1994)

The potential antidepressant properties of tolcapone, a new catechol-O-methyl transferase (COMT) inhibitor, were investigated in a novel animal model of depression. Chronic mild stress (CMS)-induced anhedonia in rats is recognized as a model of depression with predictive and etiological validity. Here, the effects of CMS on the hedonic state of animals were assessed using a self-stimulation paradigm in which rats self-activate the ventral tegmental area. Frequency thresholds for self-stimulation responses were determined prior to, during and after a 19 day period of exposure to a variety of intermittent, unpredictable, mild stressors. In vehicle-treated stressed animals, stimulation threshold was significantly increased after about 12 days, reflecting a gradual development of an "anhedonic" state. This anhedonia persisted throughout the stress period and subsequently disappeared over a 10 day period. This stress-induced anhedonic state was not observed in stressed rats concomitantly treated with tolcapone (10 or 30mg/kg b.i.d.). In non-stressed vehicle- or drug-treated animals, no significant change in self-stimulation threshold was consistently observed. These results suggest that selective, reversible COMT inhibitors such as tolcapone may offer an innovative approach to the treatment of depression, in addition to their potential therapeutic use in Parkinson's disease.
Protein Adsorption at the Electrified Air–Water Interface: Implications on Foam Stability (2012)

The surface chemistry of ions, water molecules, and proteins as well as their ability to form stable networks in foams can influence and control macroscopic properties such as taste and texture of dairy products considerably. Despite the significant relevance of protein adsorption at liquid interfaces, a molecular level understanding on the arrangement of proteins at interfaces and their interactions has been elusive. Therefore, we have addressed the adsorption of the model protein bovine serum albumin (BSA) at the air-water interface with vibrational sum-frequency generation (SFG) and ellipsometry. SFG provides specific information on the composition and average orientation of molecules at interfaces, while complementary information on the thickness of the adsorbed layer can be obtained with ellipsometry. Adsorption of charged BSA proteins at the water surface leads to an electrified interface, pH dependent charging, and electric field-induced polar ordering of interfacial H(2)O and BSA. Varying the bulk pH of protein solutions changes the intensities of the protein related vibrational bands substantially, while dramatic changes in vibrational bands of interfacial H(2)O are simultaneously observed. These observations have allowed us to determine the isoelectric point of BSA directly at the electrolyte-air interface for the first time. BSA covered air-water interfaces with a pH near the isoelectric point form an amorphous network of possibly agglomerated BSA proteins. Finally, we provide a direct correlation of the molecular structure of BSA interfaces with foam stability and new information on the link between microscopic properties of BSA at water surfaces and macroscopic properties such as the stability of protein foams.
Methods to manufacture regulatory T cells for cell therapy (2019)

Regulatory T cell (T<sub>reg</sub> ) therapy has shown promise in early clinical trials for treating graft-versus-host disease, transplant rejection and autoimmune disorders. A challenge has been to isolate sufficiently pure T<sub>regs</sub> and expand them to a clinical dose. However, there has been considerable progress in the development and optimization of these methods, resulting in a variety of manufacturing protocols being tested in clinical trials. In this review, we summarize methods that have been used to manufacture T<sub>regs</sub> for clinical trials, including the choice of cell source and protocols for cell isolation and expansion. We also discuss alternative culture or genome editing methods for modulating T<sub>reg</sub> specificity, function or stability that could be applied to future clinical manufacturing protocols to increase the efficacy of T<sub>reg</sub> therapy.
An Effective Approach for Distributed Meeting Scheduler (2008)

Meeting scheduling is generally considered as one of the most common activities that takes place in organizations. It is a distributed, time-consuming, iterative, and also a tedious task. Meeting scheduling is an example of a resource allocation problem. The principal resource considered for meeting scheduling is the persons ’ time. The resource requirement in a distributed environment is dynamic in nature and so the allocation of resources is difficult due to the lack of knowledge of the whole system. In this paper, three concepts such as equivalence classes of persons for delegation instead of a single person, A*-Algorithm as local search for finding common free slots for people, and multi-stage negotiation protocol for agent coordination are combined into a single approach and implemented to schedule both local and global meetings. This new approach aims a practical scheduler to schedule both local and global meetings, to have efficient schedule and flexibility to meet more meeting requests.
Halogen complexes of pyridines. A proton and carbon-13 nuclear magnetic resonance study (1979)

Solutions of iodine and iodine chloride with pyridine, 2,6-dimethylpyridine, and 2,4,6-trimethylpyridine were studied by ^1H and ^(13)C NMR. Support is deduced for the reported formation of three species: the charge-transfer\ncomplex B•X-I, the 1:l complex ^+B-I[X_nI_(n-1)^-], and the N-iododipyridinium salt ^+B_2I[X_nI_(n-1)^-]. The ease of formation of each species appears to be a function of pyridine basicity, the Lewis acidity of the halogen (I_2 or ICl), the solvent polarity, and the relative donor-acceptor concentrations. The complexes derived from ɑ-methyl-substituted pyridines can be distinguished by the magnitudes and directions of their ^(13)C “iodination” shifts.
A computational approach predicting CYP450 metabolism and estrogenic activity of an endocrine disrupting compound (PCB-30) (2014)

Endocrine disrupting chemicals influence growth and development through interactions with the hormone system, often through binding to hormone receptors such as the estrogen receptor. Computational methods can predict endocrine disrupting chemical activity of unmodified compounds, but approaches predicting activity following metabolism are lacking. The present study uses a well-known environmental contaminant, PCB-30 (2,4,6-trichlorobiphenyl), as a prototype endocrine disrupting chemical and integrates predictive (computational) and experimental methods to determine its metabolic transformation by cytochrome P450 3A4 (CYP3A4) and cytochrome P450 2D6 (CYP2D6) into estrogenic byproducts. Computational predictions suggest that hydroxylation of PCB-30 occurs at the 3- or 4-phenol positions and leads to metabolites that bind more strongly than the parent molecule to the human estrogen receptor alpha (hER-α). Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry experiments confirmed that the primary metabolite for CYP3A4 and CYP2D6 is 4-hydroxy-PCB-30, and the secondary metabolite is 3-hydroxy-PCB-30. Cell-based bioassays (bioluminescent yeast expressing hER-α) confirmed that hydroxylated metabolites are more estrogenic than PCB-30. These experimental results support the applied model's ability to predict the metabolic and estrogenic fate of PCB-30, which could be used to identify other endocrine disrupting chemicals involved in similar pathways.
siRNA as a route to new cancer therapies (2005)

The RNA interference (RNAi) gene-silencing mechanism is induced by double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) and is highly sequence-specific. It is an extremely powerful tool for silencing gene expression in vitro, and might be used as therapy in human pathologies such as cancer, viral infections and genetic disorders. RNAi was initially discovered in plants, but it has become clear that it is also conserved in animal species. Triggering of RNAi by the introduction of small dsRNA (or small interfering RNA) into living cells as a tool to inhibit the expression of specific genes holds the promise to selectively extinguish the expression of disease-associated genes in humans. On the other hand, RNAi technology will serve to elucidate the functions and interactions of the thousands of human genes in high-throughput systems and help in target validation technology.
Optical Designs for Improved Solar Cell Performance (2014)

The solar resource is the most abundant renewable resource on earth, yet it is currently exploited with relatively low efficiencies. To make solar energy more affordable, we can either reduce the cost of the cell or increase the efficiency with a similar cost cell. In this thesis, we consider several different optical approaches to achieve these goals. First, we consider a ray optical model for light trapping in silicon microwires. With this approach, much less material can be used, allowing for a cost savings. We next focus on reducing the escape of radiatively emitted and scattered light from the solar cell. With this angle restriction approach, light can only enter and escape the cell near normal incidence, allowing for thinner cells and higher efficiencies. In Auger-limited GaAs, we find that efficiencies greater than 38% may be achievable, a significant improvement over the current world record. To experimentally validate these results, we use a Bragg stack to restrict the angles of emitted light. Our measurements show an increase in voltage and a decrease in dark current, as less radiatively emitted light escapes. While the results in GaAs are interesting as a proof of concept, GaAs solar cells are not currently made on the production scale for terrestrial photovoltaic applications. We therefore explore the application of angle restriction to silicon solar cells. While our calculations show that Auger-limited cells give efficiency increases of up to 3% absolute, we also find that current amorphous silicion-crystalline silicon heterojunction with intrinsic thin layer (HIT) cells give significant efficiency gains with angle restriction of up to 1% absolute. Thus, angle restriction has the potential for unprecedented one sun efficiencies in GaAs, but also may be applicable to current silicon solar cell technology. Finally, we consider spectrum splitting, where optics direct light in different wavelength bands to solar cells with band gaps tuned to those wavelengths. This approach has the potential for very high efficiencies, and excellent annual power production. Using a light-trapping filtered concentrator approach, we design filter elements and find an optimal design. Thus, this thesis explores silicon microwires, angle restriction, and spectral splitting as different optical approaches for improving the cost and efficiency of solar cells.
Electrophysiological Biomarkers Predict Clinical Improvement in an Open-Label Trial Assessing Efficacy of Autologous Umbilical Cord Blood for Treatment of Autism (2018)

This study was a phase I, single-center, and open-label trial of a single intravenous infusion of autologous umbilical cord blood in young children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). Twenty-five children between the ages of 2 and 6 with a confirmed diagnosis of ASD and a qualified banked autologous umbilical cord blood unit were enrolled. Safety results and clinical outcomes measured at 6 and 12 months post-infusion have been previously published. The purpose of the present analysis was to explore whether measures of electroencephalography (EEG) theta, alpha, and beta power showed evidence of change after treatment and whether baseline EEG characteristics were predictive of clinical improvement. The primary endpoint was the parent-reported Vineland adaptive behavior scales-II socialization subscale score, collected at baseline, 6- and 12-month visits. In addition, the expressive one word picture vocabulary test 4 and the clinical global impression-improvement scale were administered. Electrophysiological recordings were taken during viewing of dynamic social and nonsocial stimuli at 6 and 12 months post-treatment. Significant changes in EEG spectral characteristics were found by 12 months post-infusion, which were characterized by increased alpha and beta power and decreased EEG theta power. Furthermore, higher baseline posterior EEG beta power was associated with a greater degree of improvement in social communication symptoms, highlighting the potential for an EEG biomarker to predict variation in outcome. Taken together, the results suggest that EEG measures may be useful endpoints for future ASD clinical trials. Stem Cells Translational Medicine 2018;7:783-791.
A new pulse generator for pulsed ESR (1990)

The construction of a new high-resolution multichannel low-cost pulse generator is reported. It is fully computer controlled through a simple RS232 serial interface. Its features are 1 ns resolution within any time, pulse delays up to 16 ms and pulse lengths up to 65 ps, and pulse sequence repetition rate from 66 Hz up to 250 kHz. It has fully programmable sequencing, including step increments for any pulse delay or length. It governs a Pulsed ESR spectrometer, which is also described, but it could be used in a very wide range of experimental set-ups. Finally, a few examples of spin-echo detected ESR and ESEEM of some paramagnetic centres are shown.
A Noisy Silence (1999)

Anot so subtle tension lurks just beneath the surface of the Los Angeles Musuem of Contemporary Art's extraordinary exhibition, Out of Actions: Between Performance and the Object, 1949-1979. If the essence of performance is an immediacy that by definition disappears once the performance is over, how does an institution, especially one devoted to the presentation of art objects, create a physical encounter with a disappearing act? And, more importantly, how does this institution, through its curatorial voice, address the significance of an ephemeral art without reducing the art to its artifacts: props, photographs, videos, sets, costumes?