gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A fully-integrated low power direct conversion transmitter with fractional-N PLL using a fast AFC technique for CDMA applications (2005)

The paper presents a fully integrated low power direct conversion transmitter IC for CDMA applications. To reduce the power consumption and reduce switching time, a fractional-N frequency synthesizer with an internal VCO is integrated into the transmitter IC and an N-target algorithm is proposed to implement automatic frequency calibration (AFC). Total locking time is approximately 200 /spl mu/s, including 80 /spl mu/s AFC lock time. Total current consumption for -80 dBm, -10 dBm, and 8 dBm output power are 27 mA, 33 mA, and 60 mA, respectively. This chip is housed in a small 5 mm /spl times/ 5 mm 32 pin MLF package.
Pathophysiology of renal anemia. (2000)

Normochromic normocytic anemia regularly develops in chronic renal failure when the glomerular filtration rate drops below 20-30 ml/min. The reasons include: 1) a moderately reduced red cell life span, 2) blood loss, and 3) an inadequate increase in erythropoiesis relative to the fall in hemoglobin (Hb). The life-span of red blood cells may be shortened by their reduced resistance to mechanical, osmotic or oxidative stress, as well as by extracorpuscular factors. Blood loss results from dialysis, diagnostic sampling and, in particular, occult gastrointestinal bleeding. The predominant cause of inadequate erythropoiesis is a failure to increase erythropoietin (EPO) production in response to the developing anemia. Experience with recombinant EPO has shown that relative EPO deficiency is the key cause of the anemia and that the response of hematopoietic progenitor cells is not usually diminished in renal failure. However, reduced iron availability, inadequate dialysis, infection and hyperparathyroidism can all impair the efficacy of EPO. Therapeutic use of EPO has also shown clearly for the first time that anemia is responsible for a significant proportion of morbidity in patients with chronic renal failure and probably also contributes to increased mortality through its cardiovascular complications.
Extra-Low Temperature Growth of ZnO by Atomic Layer Deposition with Diethylzinc Precursor (2007)

ZnO thin films were grown on silicon substrate by atomic layer deposition method. We explored double-exchange chemical reaction and used very volatile and reactive diethylzinc as a zinc precursor. These enables us to obtain zinc oxide thin films of high quality at extremely low growth temperature (90-200 C). The films are polycrystalline as was determined by X-ray diffraction and show flat surfaces with roughness of 1-4 nm as derived from atomic force microscopy measurements. Photoluminescence studies show that an edge emission of excitonic origin is observed even at room temperature for all investigated ZnO layers deposited with the diethylzinc precursor.
Nucleophilic Substitution by Grignard Reagents on Sulfur Mustards (2004)

With proper activation of the leaving group, sulfur mustards react with Grignard reagents with neighboring group participation of the sulfur atom. 2,6-Dichloro-9-thiabicyclo[3.3.1]nonane is especially useful in this regard, providing clean reactivity with organomagnesium nucleophiles on a topologically constrained scaffold.
The Attitude of the Working-Class Movement to the Inter-State Migration and the Employment of Foreigners in the Twentieth Century with Special Reference to Germany and the Federal Republic of Germany (1988)

Workers' external migration, as well as internal one, have a number of causes and effects.'I'hey lead to significant changes in the countries and regions of origin, and also in the countries and regions of destination, and they affect the lives and consciousness of migrant workers and their families.Faced with the far-reaching consequences and effects of foreign workers' migration and employment, the working-class movement has made attempts from the vecy first beginning to take a class-based attitude to migration.Discussions and resolutions pertaining to the Second International confirmed the fact that under the conditions of imperialism two diverse class-orientated approaches were manifest, which was also reflected in different view,s of migration and foreign workers' employment.
Effects of Grafting Density on Block Polymer Self-Assembly: From Linear to Bottlebrush (2017)

Grafting density is an important structural parameter that exerts significant influences over the physical properties of architecturally complex polymers. In this report, the physical consequences of varying the grafting density (z) were studied in the context of block polymer self-assembly. Well-defined block polymers spanning the linear, comb, and bottlebrush regimes (0 ≤ z ≤ 1) were prepared via grafting-through ring-opening-metathesis polymerization. ω-Norbornenyl poly(d,l-lactide) and polystyrene macromonomers were copolymerized with discrete comonomers in different feed ratios, enabling precise control over both the grafting density and molecular weight. Small-angle X-ray scattering experiments demonstrate that these graft block polymers self-assemble into long-range-ordered lamellar structures. For 17 series of block polymers with variable z, the scaling of the lamellar period with the total backbone degree of polymerization (d* ∼ N<sub>bb</sub><sup>α</sup>) was studied. The scaling exponent α monotonically decreases with decreasing z and exhibits an apparent transition at z ≈ 0.2, suggesting significant changes in the chain conformations. Comparison of two block polymer systems, one that is strongly segregated for all z (System I) and one that experiences weak segregation at low z (System II), indicates that the observed trends are primarily caused by the polymer architectures, not segregation effects. A model is proposed in which the characteristic ratio (C<sub>∞</sub>), a proxy for the backbone stiffness, scales with N<sub>bb</sub> as a function of the grafting density: C<sub>∞</sub> ∼ N<sub>bb</sub><sup>f(z)</sup>. The scaling behavior disclosed herein provides valuable insights into conformational changes with grafting density, thus introducing opportunities for block polymer and material design.
Intravenous immunoglobulins induce CD32-mediated platelet aggregation<i>in vitro</i> (2008)

Our results suggest that CMVIg and IVIg solutions with activating Fc domains are able to bind CD32 on platelets and cause platelet aggregation in vitro. These results indicate a mechanism by which in vivo intravascular thrombosis may be explained and suggest caution with concomitant use of packed platelets and IVIg in autoimmune diseases in the clinical setting.
An Order Statistic-Based Spectrum Sensing Scheme for Cooperative Cognitive Radio Networks in Non-Gaussian Noise Environments (2012)

본 논문에서는 비정규 충격성 잡음 환경에서 협력 무선인지 네트워크를 위한 순서 기반 스펙트럼 센싱 기법을 제안한다. 구체적으로는 잡음을 이변수 등방형 대칭 알파 안정 (bivariate isotropic symmetric <TEX>${\alpha}$</TEX>-stable) 분포를 따르는 것으로 모형화하고, 그에 알맞은 관측 샘플의 순서와 일반화된 우도비 검정 기반 협력 스펙트럼 센싱 기법을 제안한다. 모의실험을 통해 비정규 잡음 환경에서 제안한 기법이 기존의 기법에 비해 더 좋은 스펙트럼 센싱성능을 가짐을 보인다. In this paper, we propose a novel spectrum sensing scheme based on the order statistic for cooperative cognitive radio network in non-Gaussian noise environments. Specifically, we model the ambient noise as the bivariate isotropic symmetric <TEX>${\alpha}$</TEX>-stable random variable, and then, propose a cooperative spectrum sensing scheme based on the order of observations and the generalized likelihood ratio test. From numerical results, it is confirmed that the proposed scheme offers a substantial performance improvement over the conventional scheme in non-Gaussian noise environments.
An Adaptive Single Event Upset (SEU)-Hardened Flip-Flop Design (2019)

In this paper, a new radiation hardened flip-flop design technique is proposed. The structure provides an possibility that the D-type flip-flop can be configured as an Single Event Upset (SEU) hardened or non-hardened flip-flop in a circuit based on the logic states of the sensitive nodes with RC filtering structure being involved or not, considering speed and reliability. The proposed structure makes itself more widely used in both space, defense applications and high-performance terrestrial applications. Spice simulation results show that the flip-flop has good performance of SEU-hardness and flexibility.
Efficient implementation of the nonequilibrium Green function method for electronic transport calculations (2010)

An efficient implementation of the nonequilibrium Green function method combined with the density-functional theory, using localized pseudoatomic orbitals, is presented for electronic transport calculations of a system connected with two leads under a finite bias voltage. In the implementation, accurate and efficient methods are developed especially for the evaluation of the density matrix and treatment of boundaries between the scattering region and the leads. Equilibrium and nonequilibrium contributions in the density matrix are evaluated with very high precision by a contour integration with a continued fraction representation of the Fermi-Dirac function and by a simple quadrature on the real axis with a small imaginary part, respectively. The Hartree potential is computed efficiently by a combination of the two-dimensional fast Fourier transform and a finite difference method, and the charge density near the boundaries is constructed with a careful treatment to avoid the spurious scattering at the boundaries. The efficiency of the implementation is demonstrated by rapid convergence properties of the density matrix. In addition, as an illustration, our method is applied for zigzag graphene nanoribbons, a Fe/MgO/Fe tunneling junction, and a ${\text{LaMnO}}_{3}/{\text{SrMnO}}_{3}$ superlattice, demonstrating its applicability to a wide variety of systems.
Speechreading enhancement: A comparison of spatial-tactile display of voice fundamental frequency (<i>F</i>0) with auditory <i>F</i>0 (1996)

In two experiments, subjects repeated video-recorded sentences presented via speechreading with and without enhancement by a sensory input derived from the acoustic speech signal. Enhancement was measured as percentage increase in recognized words. In experiment 1, tactile presentation of fundamental frequency (F0) provided, after training, for three of four postlingually deafened adults a mean enhancement of 11%. In experiment 2, using six hearing adults, the auditory presentation of F0 provided a mean enhancement of 50%. This value fell, but only to 37%, when the F0 signal was derived from the processor of the tactile aid used in experiment 1. From these experiments it can be concluded that the unexpectedly small enhancement found in experiment 1 is probably due both to the fact that this tactile aid was not providing effective access to all of the information available in the F0 contour and to limitations related to the tactile processing ability of the kinaesthetic system.
Gas Fermentation—A Flexible Platform for Commercial Scale Production of Low-Carbon-Fuels and Chemicals from Waste and Renewable Feedstocks (2016)

There is an immediate need to drastically reduce the emissions associated with global fossil fuel consumption in order to limit climate change. However, carbon-based materials, chemicals, and transportation fuels are predominantly made from fossil sources and currently there is no alternative source available to adequately displace them. Gas-fermenting microorganisms that fix carbon dioxide (CO2) and carbon monoxide (CO) can break this dependence as they are capable of converting gaseous carbon to fuels and chemicals. As such, the technology can utilize a wide range of feedstocks including gasified organic matter of any sort (e.g., municipal solid waste, industrial waste, biomass, and agricultural waste residues) or industrial off-gases (e.g., from steel mills or processing plants). Gas fermentation has matured to the point that large-scale production of ethanol from gas has been demonstrated by two companies. This review gives an overview of the gas fermentation process, focusing specifically on anaerobic acetogens. Applications of synthetic biology and coupling gas fermentation to additional processes are discussed in detail. Both of these strategies, demonstrated at bench-scale, have abundant potential to rapidly expand the commercial product spectrum of gas fermentation and further improve efficiencies and yields.
Effects of SARA Fractions on Low Temperature Properties of Asphalt Binders (2019)

Effects of the chemical fraction on the low temperature rheological behaviours of asphalt binders were explored in this study. Four fractions, namely saturate, aromatic, resin and asphaltene (SARA)...
Heparin-induced conformational change and activation of mucus proteinase inhibitor (1992)

Low molecular mass heparin (5.1 kDa) forms a tight complex with mucus proteinase inhibitor, the physiologic neutrophil elastase inhibitor of the upper respiratory tract. This binding strongly enhances the intrinsic fluorescence of the inhibitor and the rate of neutrophil elastase inhibitor association. One mole of this heparin fragment binds 1 mol of inhibitor with a Kd of 50 nM. From the variation of Kd with ionic strength, it is inferred that (i) 85% of the heparin--inhibitor binding energy i due to electrostatic interactions, (ii) about seven ionic interactions are involved in heparin--inhibitor binding. strength, it is inferred that (i) 85% of the heparin--inhibitor binding energy is due to electrostatic interactions, (ii) about seven ionic interactions are involved in heparin--inhibitor binding. and (iii), about one-third of low quantum yield of Trp30, the single tryptophan residue of the inhibitor, blue-shifts its maximum emission wavelength by 6 nm, decreases the acrylamide quenching rate constant by a factor of 4, and increases the mean intensity weighted lifetime by a factor of 2.5. These important spectroscopic changes evidence a heparin--induced conformational change of the inhibitor which buries Trp30 in a very hydrophobic environment. Heparin accelerates the inhibition of elastase in a concentration-dependent manner. When both enzyme and inhibitor are saturated by the polymer, the second-order association rate constant is 7.7 x 10(7) M-1 s-1, a value that is 27-fold higher than that measured with the free partners. This finding may have important physiologic and therapeutic bearing.
A Modified Reduced-Temperature Antigen Retrieval Protocol Effective for Use With a Polyclonal Antibody to Cyclooxygenase-2 (PG 27) (2002)

Antigen retrieval is now a standard procedure in immunohistochemical studies of tissues for diagnosis and research. While the most commonly used protocol (20 minutes at 100 degrees C in citrate buffer pH 6.0) is effective for many antibody/antigen combinations, experience has shown that in some instances, this standard approach fails. Under these circumstances, a successful antigen retrieval protocol may still be established by varying key conditions in the antigen retrieval process. The authors previously have advocated a test battery approach to determine the optimal conditions for antigen retrieval, illustrated here with respect to a polyclonal antibody to cyclooxygenase-2 (PG-27) that failed to give a positive staining result after orthodox antigen retrieval. The key feature of this modified antigen retrieval protocol is heating the deparaffinized tissue sections at a reduced temperature (90 degrees C as opposed to 100 degrees C). For this particular antibody, a boiling condition yields a negative result, a principal reason why previous investigators have used a tyramide signal amplification system to achieve satisfactory immunohistochemical results with this antibody. The optimal antigen retrieval protocol established in the authors' laboratory for this polyclonal antibody to cyclooxygenase-2 (PG-27) was evaluated in a study of formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded cell lines and 31 bladder cancer tissue blocks using the tissue microarray technique, with side-by-side comparison between the results obtained by a tyramide signal amplification method (without antigen retrieval) and a standard immunohistochemical method with the optimized antigen retrieval protocol. The reduced temperature antigen retrieval protocol yielded a comparable or superior immunostaining for cyclooxygenase-2 both in cell lines and tissue blocks. In conclusion, use of the test battery approach allowed development of a modified antigen retrieval technique that provides a more reliable, much simpler approach for the demonstration of cyclooxygenase-2 in archival tissues.
Intermetallic Electride Catalyst as a Platform for Ammonia Synthesis (2018)

Electrides loaded with transition-metal (TM) nanoparticles have recently attracted attention as emerging materials for catalytic NH<sub>3</sub> synthesis. However, they suffer from disadvantages associated with the growth and aggregation of nanoparticles. TM-containing intermetallic electrides appear to be promising catalysts with the advantages of both electrides and transition metals in a single phase. LaRuSi is reported here to be an intermetallic electride with superior activity for NH<sub>3</sub> synthesis, and direct evidence is provided supporting its electride-character-induced catalytic performance. The discussion is made mainly based on the contrasting synthesis rates over the isostructural compounds LaRuSi, CaRuSi, and LaRu<sub>2</sub> Si<sub>2</sub> , and the N<sub>2</sub> isotope-exchange reactions over these compounds. Lattice hydride ions, which can reversibly exchange with anionic electrons, are shown to be indispensable in the promotion of NH<sub>x</sub> formation. The mechanism derived from the present findings provides new guidelines for NH<sub>3</sub> synthesis.
ChemInform Abstract: Selective Curing of Unsaturated Compounds with Solvent Stabilized Palladium Colloid Catalysts. (1993)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Vertical Spectra of Temperature in the Free Troposphere at Meso-and-Small Scales According to the Flow Regime: Observations and Interpretation (2018)

This article addresses the properties of stably-stratified and unstable layers in the free troposphere. Thorpe’s method of analysis has been applied to potential temperature (PT) profiles obtained from the raw measurements of operational radiosondes. In principle, this method distinguishes stably stratified and unstable regions. The background static stability, quantified by the square Brunt-Väisälä frequency estimated on the sorted PT profiles (stable everywhere), is observed to be significantly smaller in the unstable regions, likely due to turbulent mixing. The vertical power spectral densities (PSDs) of temperature fluctuations are shown to be proportional to m − p , where p is in the average 2.8 ± 0.2 in the stably stratified regions, and is 1.7 ± 0.3 in the unstable regions, for wavenumbers m in the range [ 10 − 2 , 10 − 1 ] m − 1 . Such findings validate the Thorpe analysis when applied to radiosondes. Also, the distribution of thicknesses h of unstable layers is observed to approximately follow a power law, varying as h − r with r ≈ 2.1 ± 0.1 . PT profiles for the entire troposphere have also been analyzed as the sum of a sorted profile and an anomaly profile. The PSDs of the sorted PT profiles are scaled as m − 3 down to a few meters on the vertical scale. Simple stochastic models based on random walks with increments having the property of flicker noise are shown to reproduce the spectral properties of the sorted PT profiles, i.e., of the vertical stratification of the free atmosphere.
Traffic-aware base station sleeping in dense cellular networks (2010)

The energy consumption of information and communication technology (ICT) industry has become a serious problem, which mostly comes from the network infrastructure, rather than the mobile terminals. In this paper, we consider densely deployed cellular networks where the coverage of base stations (BSs) overlaps and the traffic intensity varies over time and space. An energy saving algorithm is proposed by dynamically adjusting the working modes (active or sleeping) of BSs according to the traffic variation with respect to certain blocking probability requirement. In addition, to prevent frequent mode switching, BSs are set to hold their current working modes for at least a given interval. Simulations demonstrate that the proposed strategy can greatly reduce energy consumption with blocking probability guarantee, and the performance is insensitive to the mode holding time within certain range.
Starter cultures used in probiotic dairy product preparation and popular probiotic dairy drinks (2014)

Dairy products that contain probiotic bacteria are those that are produced with various fermentation methods, especially lactic acid fermentation, by using starter cultures and those that have various textures and aromas. Fermented dairy products are popular due to their differences in taste and their favourable physiological effects. Today, fermented dairy beverages in general are produced locally by using traditional methods. Recently, due to the increased demand for natural nutrients and probiotic products, fermented dairy beverages have reached a different position and are considered to have an important impact on human health and nutrition. In this article, probiotic bacteria and functional dairy products that are produced by using probiotic bacteria are discussed.
Antibody to Cell Wall Glycolipid of Gram-Negative Bacteria: Induction of Immunity to Bacteremia and Endotoxemia (1977)

Antiserum to the core glycolipid of gram-negative bacteria was prepared by immunization of rabbits with vaccine composed of killed cells of the uridine diphosphate galactose-deficient mutant (J5) of Escherichia coli O:111. Antiserum to J5 not only prevented death of animals from endotoxin but also prevented the local and generalized Shwartzman reactions. Antiserum to endotoxin also prevented renal cortical necrosis and disseminated intravascular coagulation during the evolution of the generalized Shwartzman reaction. Antiserum to be J5 mutant was successful in the treatment of overwhelming bacteremia produced by other gram-negative bacteria; in addition to bacteremia cause by coliform organism, antiserum to J5 was dramatically effective in treatment of bacteremia due to Pseudomonas aeruginosa. One injection of rabbit antiserum to J5 improved the survival rate from 15% in controls to 59% in treated animals (P less than 0.002). Active immunization with J5 vaccine was even more effective against pseudomonas bacteremia: such immunization improved the survival rate from 13% in controls to 92% in vaccinated rabbits. Since an antiserum effective against the J5 mutant of E. coli can be prepared safely in human subjects, such immunotherapy should be considered for patients with gram-negative bacteremia.