gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Dynamic frequency and voltage scaling for a multiple-clock-domain microprocessor (2003)

Multiple clock domains is one solution to the increasing problem of propagating the clock signal across increasingly larger and faster chips. The ability to independently scale frequency and voltage in each domain creates a powerful means of reducing power dissipation. A multiple clock domain (MCD) microarchitecture, which uses a globally asynchronous, locally synchronous (GALS) clocking style, permits future aggressive frequency increases, maintains a synchronous design methodology, and exploits the trend of making functional blocks more autonomous. In MCD, each processor domain is internally synchronous, but domains operate asynchronously with respect to one another. Designers still apply existing synchronous design techniques to each domain, but global clock skew is no longer a constraint. Moreover, domains can have independent voltage and frequency control, enabling dynamic voltage scaling at the domain level.
Wireless Hazard Badges to Detect Nerve‐Agent Simulants (2016)

Human exposure to hazardous chemicals can have adverse short- and long-term health effects. In this Communication, we have developed a single-use wearable hazard badge that dosimetrically detects diethylchlorophosphate (DCP), a model organophosphorous cholinesterase inhibitor simulant. Improved chemically actuated resonant devices (CARDs) are fabricated in a single step and unambiguously relate changes in chemiresistance to a wireless readout. To provide selective and readily manufacturable sensor elements for this platform, we developed an ionic-liquid-mediated single walled carbon nanotube based chemidosimetric scheme with DCP limits of detection of 28 ppb. As a practical demonstration, an 8 h workday time weighted average equivalent exposure of 10 ppb DCP effects an irreversible change in smartphone readout.
Dose-Related Reversal of Acute Lung Rejection by Aerosolized Cyclosporine (1997)

This study evaluated the effectiveness of aerosolized cyclosporine as rescue therapy for refractory acute rejection in lung-transplant patients that is unresponsive to conventional therapy. Over 2 yr, nine allograft recipients with histologic evidence of persistent acute rejection and worsening pulmonary function were enrolled. Twenty-two patients with similar degrees of unremitting rejection served as historical controls. Aerosolization of cyclosporin A (300 mg in 4.8 ml propylene glycol) using an AeroTech II jet nebulizer was instituted daily for 12 consecutive days followed by a maintenance regimen of 3 d/wk. Cyclosporine and tacrolimus blood and plasma levels were maintained within therapeutic ranges throughout this trial. Efficacy was assessed by histologic grade of rejection, interleukin-6 (IL-6) mRNA expression by graft bronchoalveolar lavage cells, and pulmonary function testing before and during cyclosporine therapy. In seven patients, results were correlated to deposition of cyclosporine aerosol in the allograft(s) as measured by radioisotopic techniques. At a mean of 37 d after initiation of aerosolized cyclosporine, graft histology improved in eight of the nine patients. Cellular IL-6 mRNA expression decreased significantly in seven patients (mean IL-6/actin +/- SD, 40.96 +/- 118 versus 0.33 +/- 0.57 [p = 0.038]). Pulmonary function (FEV1), which had decreased posttransplant (over a mean of 347 d of observation) from a best value of 1.98 +/- 0.8 L to 1.59 +/- 0.6 L (p = 0.0077), improved over time (152 d) to a posttransplant value of 1.90 +/- 0.8 (p = 0.025). In the control subjects, FEV1 inexorably declined over a comparable period of observation (best posttransplant value 2.36 +/- 0.86 to 1.32 +/- 0.53, p < 0.0001). There was a strong correlation between cyclosporine deposition in the allograft and improvement in FEV1 (r = 0.900, p < 0.01). Fewer cycles of pulsed corticosteroids (1.4 +/- 0.9 versus 0.2 +/- 0.4, p = 0.011) and anti-thymocyte globulin 0.8 +/- 0.4 versus 0, p = 0.018) and reduced doses of oral prednisone (10.8 +/- 3.1 versus 6.1 +/- 4.2 mg/d, p = 0.026) were observed during treatment with aerosolized cyclosporine. Episodes of pneumonia also were reduced significantly during aerosol therapy (2.6 versus 0.95 episodes/100 d, p = 0.029). Nephrotoxicity and hepatotoxicity did not occur, and no patients withdrew from the study. Aerosolized cyclosporine appears to be safe and effective therapy for refractory acute rejection, but confirmation by a larger, randomized trial is necessary. The correlation observed between deposition of cyclosporine aerosol and physiologic improvement of lung function suggests that there is a dose-response relationship between the concentration of cyclosporine in the allograft and immunologic tolerance.
Experimental Testing of Pneumatic Artificial Muscles for Trailing Edge Flap Actuation (2007)

In this study a novel aircraft trailing edge flap system was developed and tested. Pneumatic Artificial Muscles (PAMs) were used as the driving elements of this system to demonstrate their feasibility as an alternative aerospace actuation technology. A prototype flap/actuator system was integrated into a model wing section and tested on the bench-top under simulated airloads (M = 0.32) and in an open-jet wind tunnel at free stream velocities ranging up to 100 mph (M=0.13). Testing was performed for actuator pressures ranging from 10 to 90 psi and actuation frequencies ranging from 0.1 to 31 Hz. Results show that the PAM driven trailing edge flap system can generate significant, sustainable deflections. Key parameters are also identified for increasing system performance and providing a foundation for future research.
Engineering Improved Antiphosphotyrosine Antibodies Based on an Immunoconvergent Binding Motif (2018)

Phosphotyrosine (pY) is one of the most highly studied posttranslational modifications that is responsible for tightly regulating many signaling pathways in eukaryotes. Pan-specific pY antibodies have emerged as powerful tools for understanding the role of these modifications. Nevertheless, structures have not been reported for pan-specific pY antibodies, greatly impeding the further development of tools for integrating this ubiquitous posttranslational modification using structure-guided designs. Here, we present the first crystal structures of two widely utilized pan-specific pY antibodies, PY20 and 4G10. The two antibodies, although developed independently from animal immunizations, have surprisingly similar modes of recognition of the phosphate group, implicating a generic binding structure among pan-specific pY antibodies. Sequence alignments revealed that many pY binding residues are predominant in the mouse V germline genes, which consequently led to the convergent antibodies. On the basis of the convergent structure, we designed a phage display library by lengthening the CDR-L3 loop with the aid of computational modeling. Panning with this library resulted in a series of 4G10 variants with 4 to 11-fold improvements in pY binding affinities. The crystal structure of one improved variant showed remarkable superposition to the computational model, where the lengthened CDR-L3 loop creates an additional hydrogen bond indirectly bound to the phosphate group via a water molecule. The engineered variants exhibited superior performance in Western blot and immunofluorescence.
Protease activated receptor 2 (PAR2) modulators: a patent review (2010–2015) (2016)

In the last six years, substantial efforts were made towards developing PAR2 modulators, but most lack potency or selectivity or have poor pharmacokinetic profiles. Many PAR2 modulators were assessed by measuring Gαq protein-mediated calcium release in cells. This may be insufficient to fully characterize ligand function, since different ligands signal through PAR2 via multiple signaling pathways. It may be feasible to develop biased ligands as drugs that can selectively modulate one or more specific signaling pathways linking PAR2 to a specific diseased state. Accordingly, potent, orally bioavailable, pathway- and receptor-selective PAR2 modulators may be an achievable goal to realizing effective drugs that can treat PAR2-mediated diseases.
An all single-mode fiber Michelson interferometer sensor (1983)

A Michelson interferometer made from a single-mode fiber directional coupler with silver mirrors deposited on fiber ends is presented. This interferometer is simple to fabricate and has a theoretical visibility of unity, irrespective of the splitting ratio of the coupler. A theoretical analysis of its performance is described. Locking to quadrature was achieved by tuning the frequency of the laser source at 1.52μm. Results are presented for the interferometer operating over one kilometer of single-mode fiber, in a passive remote sensing configuration.
A microRNA signature defines chemoresistance in ovarian cancer through modulation of angiogenesis (2013)

Epithelial ovarian cancer is the most lethal gynecologic malignancy; it is highly aggressive and causes almost 125,000 deaths yearly. Despite advances in detection and cytotoxic therapies, a low percentage of patients with advanced stage disease survive 5 y after the initial diagnosis. The high mortality of this disease is mainly caused by resistance to the available therapies. Here, we profiled microRNA (miR) expression in serous epithelial ovarian carcinomas to assess the possibility of a miR signature associated with chemoresistance. We analyzed tumor samples from 198 patients (86 patients as a training set and 112 patients as a validation set) for human miRs. A signature of 23 miRs associated with chemoresistance was generated by array analysis in the training set. Quantitative RT-PCR in the validation set confirmed that three miRs (miR-484, -642, and -217) were able to predict chemoresistance of these tumors. Additional analysis of miR-484 revealed that the sensitive phenotype is caused by a modulation of tumor vasculature through the regulation of the VEGFB and VEGFR2 pathways. We present compelling evidence that three miRs can classify the response to chemotherapy of ovarian cancer patients in a large multicenter cohort and that one of these three miRs is involved in the control of tumor angiogenesis, indicating an option in the treatment of these patients. Our results suggest, in fact, that blockage of VEGF through the use of an anti-VEGFA antibody may not be sufficient to improve survival in ovarian cancer patients unless VEGFB signaling is also blocked.
Explaining Data-Driven Document Classifications1 (2014)

Many document classification applications require human understanding of the reasons for data-driven classification decisions by managers, client-facing employees, and the technical team. Predictive models treat documents as data to be classified, and document data are characterized by very high dimensionality, often with tens of thousands to millions of variables (words). Unfortunately, due to the high dimensionality, understanding the decisions made by document classifiers is very difficult. This paper begins by extending the most relevant prior theoretical model of explanations for intelligent systems to account for some missing elements. The main theoretical contribution is the definition of a new sort of explanation as a minimal set of words (terms, generally), such that removing all words within this set from the document changes the predicted class from the class of interest. We present an algorithm to find such explanations, as well as a framework to assess such an algorithm’s performance. We demonstrate the value of the new approach with a case study from a real-world document classification task: classifying web pages as containing objectionable content, with the goal of allowing advertisers to choose not to have their ads appear on those pages. A second empirical demonstration on news-story topic classification shows the explanations to be concise and document-specific, and to be capable of providing understanding of the exact reasons for the classification decisions, of the workings of the classification models, and of the business application itself. We also illustrate how explaining the classifications of documents can help to improve data quality and model performance.
A Restricted Iodine Food Reduces Circulating Thyroxine Concentrations in Cats with Hyperthyroidism (2014)

Hyperthyroidism is the most common endocrine disease in domestic cats. This study examined whether dietary iodine restriction can reduce thyroid hormone concentrations in hyperthyroid cats. We performed a 12-week randomized, blinded, prospective study in which hyperthyroid pet cats housed with their owners were fed a control food (n=15) or a prototype restricted iodine food (n=18). Elemental analysis confirmed that iodine levels were approximately 10-fold lower in the restricted iodine food than in the control food. In the restricted iodine group, serum total thyroxine (TT4), free thyroxine, triiodothyronine, creatinine, and alanine transaminase significantly decreased, while blood urea nitrogen, aspartate transaminase, and alkaline phosphatase did not significantly change. In contrast, in cats fed the control food, alanine transaminase
Solar Cells: Hybrid Templated Synthesis of Crack‐Free, Organized Mesoporous TiO<sub>2</sub> Electrodes for High Efficiency Solid‐State Dye‐Sensitized Solar Cells (Adv. Funct. Mater. 1/2013) (2013)

A solid-state dye-sensitized solar cell with 7.3% efficiency is fabricated using crack-free, organized, mesoporous TiO2 films with high surface areas and good interconnectivity. On page 26, Jong Hak Kim and co-workers demonstrate the role of the hybrid template, i.e., alumina nanoparticles grafted with a hydrophilic polymer. This template can be used for the preparation of various mesoporous inorganic oxide films.
Cyclic Variability and Dynamical Instabilities in Autoignition Engines With High Residuals (2012)

The dynamical phenomenon of cyclic variability in combustion governed by autoignition in homogeneous charge compression ignition engines with large amounts of residual gases is investigated. A novel model is derived with two states that capture the coupling between engine cycles due to the thermal energy in the recycled residual gases and the recycled chemical energy in the unburned fuel. With the parameters tuned to data from a single cylinder engine at one level of residuals, the model predictions agree well with the experimental observations of decreasing residuals, which are associated with later phasing and increasing cyclic variability approaching misfire. A stability analysis of the model with respect to the amount of recycled residual gases shows how instabilities develop and that the dynamic behavior of the combustion phasing from cycle to cycle is stable for a range of residual gas fractions. The model and analysis offers an explanation for the experimentally observed cycle-to-cycle variability, and provides a foundation for further analysis as well as development of controls mitigating the variability.
Markov Processes on Curves for Automatic Speech Recognition (1998)

We investigate a probabilistic framework for automatic speech recognition based on the intrinsic geometric properties of curves. In particular, we analyze the setting in which two variables---one continuous (x), one discrete (s)---evolve jointly in time. We suppose that the vector x traces out a smooth multidimensional curve and that the variable s evolves stochastically as a function of the arc length traversed along this curve. Since arc length does not depend on the rate at which a curve is traversed, this gives rise to a family of Markov processes whose predictions, Pr[sjx], are invariant to nonlinear warpings of time. We describe the use of such models, known as Markov processes on curves (MPCs), for automatic speech recognition, where x are acoustic feature trajectories and s are phonetic transcriptions. On two tasks---recognizing New Jersey town names and connected alpha-digits---we find that MPCs yield lower word error rates than comparably trained hidden Markov models. 1 Intr...
Chair Alarm for patient fall prevention based on Gesture Recognition and Interactivity (2008)

The Gesture Recognition Interactive Technology (GRiT) Chair Alarm aims to prevent patient falls from chairs and wheelchairs by recognizing the gesture of a patient attempting to stand. Patient falls are one of the greatest causes of injury in hospitals. Current chair and bed exit alarm systems are inadequate because of insufficient notification, high false-alarm rate, and long trigger delays. The GRiT chair alarm uses an array of capacitive proximity sensors and pressure sensors to create a map of the patient's sitting position, which is then processed using gesture recognition algorithms to determine when a patient is attempting to stand and to alarm the care providers. This system also uses a range of voice and light feedback to encourage the patient to remain seated and/or to make use of the system's integrated nurse-call function. This system can be seamlessly integrated into existing hospital WiFi networks to send notifications and approximate patient location through existing nurse call systems.
Turning enemies into friends: Using reflections to improve sound source localization (2010)

Sound Source Localization (SSL) based on microphone arrays has numerous applications, and has received significant research attention. Common to all published research is the observation that the accuracy of SSL degrades with reverberation. Indeed, early (strong) reflections can have amplitudes similar to the direct signal, and will often interfere with the estimation. In this paper, we show that reverberation is not the enemy, and can be used to improve estimation. More specifically, we are able to use early reflections to significantly improve range and elevation estimation. The process requires two steps: during setup, a loudspeaker integrated with the array emits a probing sound, which is used to obtain estimates of the ceiling height, as well as the locations of the walls. In a second step (e.g., during a meeting), the device incorporates this knowledge into a maximum likelihood SSL algorithm. Experimental results on both real and synthetic data show huge improvements in range estimation accuracy.
Zwittermicin A, an antifungal and plant protection agent from Bacillus cereus (1994)

Zwittermicin A (1), a new linear aminopolyol, was isolated from Bacillus cereus UW85 and its structure was determined by spectroscopic methods.
<title>Atomic force microscopy using small cantilevers</title> (1997)

We have applied a new generation of short cantilevers with high resonant frequencies to tapping mode atomic force microscopy of a process in situ. Crystal growth in the presence of protein has been imaged stably at 79 lines/s (1.6 s/image), using a 26 micrometers long cantilever with a spring constant of 0.66 N/m at a tapping frequency of 90.9 kHz. This high scan speed nearly eliminated distortion in the step edge motion and allowed imaging of finer features along the step edges. Atomic force microscopy with short cantilevers therefore allows higher resolution imaging of crystal growth in space as well as time.
Antibacterial Properties and Efficacy of a Novel SPLUNC1-Derived Antimicrobial Peptide, α4-Short, in a Murine Model of Respiratory Infection (2019)

Multidrug resistance (MDR) by bacterial pathogens constitutes a global health crisis, and resistance to treatment displayed by biofilm-associated infections (e.g., cystic fibrosis, surgical sites, and medical implants) only exacerbates a problem that is already difficult to overcome. Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) are a promising class of therapeutics that may be useful in the battle against antibiotic resistance, although certain limitations have hindered their clinical development. The goal of this study was to examine the therapeutic potential of novel AMPs derived from the multifunctional respiratory host defense protein SPLUNC1. Using standard growth inhibition and antibiofilm assays, we demonstrated that a novel structurally optimized AMP, α4-short, was highly effective against the most common group of MDR bacteria while showing broad-spectrum bactericidal and antibiofilm activities. With negligible hemolysis and toxicity to white blood cells, the new peptide also demonstrated <i>in vivo</i> efficacy when delivered directly into the airway in a murine model of <i>Pseudomonas aeruginosa</i>-induced respiratory infection. The data warrant further exploration of SPLUNC1-derived AMPs with optimized structures to assess the potential application to difficult-to-cure biofilm-associated infections.<b>IMPORTANCE</b> The rise of superbugs underscores the urgent need for novel antimicrobial agents. Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) have the ability to kill superbugs regardless of resistance to traditional antibiotics. However, AMPs often display a lack of efficacy <i>in vivo.</i> Sequence optimization and engineering are promising but may result in increased host toxicity. We report here the optimization of a novel AMP (α4-short) derived from the multifunctional respiratory protein SPLUNC1. The AMP α4-short demonstrated broad-spectrum activity against superbugs as well as <i>in vivo</i> efficacy in the <i>P. aeruginosa</i> pneumonia model. Further exploration for clinical development is warranted.
A source and channel rate adaptation algorithm for AMR in VoIP using the Emodel (2003)

We present a dynamic joint source and channel coding adaptation algorithm for the AMR speech codec based on the ITU-T Emodel. This model takes both delay and packet loss into consideration. We address the problem of finding the optimal choice of source and channel bit rates given QoS information about the wired and wireless IP network and subject to constraints on maximum packet loss, maximum delay and maximum allowed transmission rate. Our results show that an adaptation is necessary to preserve acceptable levels of quality while making optimal use of the allowed bandwidth. Our technique requires a small number of computations that allows real time operation in parallel to voice streams.
Prevalence of antinuclear antibodies in hidradenitis suppurativa (2018)

The prevalence of baseline ANA positivity in this HS population was similar to that seen in the general population (5.4%). The rate of seroconversion and drug-induced complications in this population were low.
Robot Hand Grips Cylinders Securely (1989)

Jaws and linkage accommodate various sizes. Robot hand includes two pairs of parallel jaws that grasp rods, pipes, tubes, struts, and other long, heavy cylindrical objects. Hand features compact rotary drive and butterfly configuration simplifying approach and gripping maneuvers of robot. Parallelogram linkages maintain alignment of each jaw with other jaws. One bar of each linkage connected to one of two concentric, counterrotating shafts; rotation of shafts moves jaws in each pair toward or away from each other to grasp or release workpiece. Each jaw includes rigid gripping pad lined with rubber to give firm grip and to prevent damage to workpiece. Inner cylindrical surface (corner) of each jaw tapers off to flat sides. Enables jaw to grasp workpieces with diameters larger than or equal to twice the corner radius.
Electrical and thermal measurement device dealt with electrosurgery (2002)

A new device is constructed and reported in this paper for measuring the electrical and thermal properties of the electrode for electrosurgery. A calibration is made to improve the accuracy of the measurement. Volunteer experiments were carried out and the edge effect was verified.
Rapid, Ultrahigh-resolution Terahertz Time-domain Spectrometer Using Two Asynchronous-controlled Femtosecond Lasers (2006)

We propose a novel terahertz time-domain spectrometer using two asynchronous-controlled femtosecond lasers. The proposed spectrometer features ultrahigh-resolution equivalent to a laser mode-locked frequency at rapid data acquisition less than 10 sec based on an asynchronous optical sampling method.