gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
High-dynamic-range transmission-mode detection of synchrotron radiation using X-ray excited optical luminescence in diamond (2020)

Enhancement of X-ray excited optical luminescence in a 100 µm-thick diamond plate by introduction of defect states via electron beam irradiation and subsequent high-temperature annealing is demonstrated. The resulting X-ray transmission-mode scintillator features a linear response to incident photon flux in the range 7.6 × 10<sup>8</sup> to 1.26 × 10<sup>12</sup> photons s<sup>-1</sup> mm<sup>-2</sup> for hard X-rays (15.9 keV) using exposure times from 0.01 to 5 s. These characteristics enable a real-time transmission-mode imaging of X-ray photon flux density without disruption of X-ray instrument operation.
Full-Duplex Systems Using Multireconfigurable Antennas (2015)

Full-duplex systems are expected to achieve 100% rate improvement over half-duplex systems if the self-interference signal can be significantly mitigated. In this paper, we propose the first full-duplex system utilizing multireconfigurable antenna (MRA) with ~90% rate improvement compared with half-duplex systems. MRA is a dynamically reconfigurable antenna structure that is capable of changing its properties according to certain input configurations. A comprehensive experimental analysis is conducted to characterize the system performance in typical indoor environments. The experiments are performed using a fabricated MRA that has 4096 configurable radiation patterns. The achieved MRA-based passive self-interference suppression is investigated, with detailed analysis for the MRA training overhead. In addition, a heuristic-based approach is proposed to reduce the MRA training overhead. The results show that at 1% training overhead, a total of 95 dB self-interference cancellation is achieved in typical indoor environments. The 95-dB self-interference cancellation is experimentally shown to be sufficient for 90% full-duplex rate improvement compared with half-duplex systems.
THz reflection spectroscopy of C-4 explosive and its detection through interferometric imaging (2006)

In recent times, Terahertz (1 THz = 10<sup>12</sup> cycles/sec and 300 μm in wavelength) spectroscopy has become a promising technique for spectroscopic identification of different materials having contemporary interest. In this study we report a direct measurement of reflection spectra of the explosive C-4, which shows significant absorption around 0.8 THz, using THz time domain spectroscopic techniques. A contrast in reflection of around 8% has also been observed between the neighboring frequencies of 0.7 THz and 0.9 THz. The spectral data have been used to create realistic synthetic images for use in simulations of interferometric detection in a stand-off THz imaging system. The results obtained are analyzed using Artificial Neural Networks for positive identification of the agents with an interferometric array of few linear detectors in near field mode.
Treating Tissue Factor–Positive Cancers with Antibody–Drug Conjugates That Do Not Affect Blood Clotting (2018)

The primary function of tissue factor (TF) resides in the vasculature as a cofactor of blood clotting; however, multiple solid tumors aberrantly express this transmembrane receptor on the cell surface. Here, we developed anti-TF antibody-drug conjugates (ADC) that did not interfere with the coagulation cascade and benchmarked them against previously developed anti-TF ADCs. After screening an affinity-matured antibody panel of diverse paratopes and affinities, we identified one primary paratope family that did not inhibit conversion of Factor X (FX) to activated Factor X (FXa) and did not affect conversion of prothrombin to thrombin. The rest of the antibody panel and previously developed anti-TF antibodies were found to perturb coagulation to varying degrees. To compare the anticancer activity of coagulation-inert and -inhibitory antibodies as ADCs, a selection of antibodies was conjugated to the prototypic cytotoxic agent monomethyl auristatin E (MMAE) through a protease-cleavable linker. The coagulation-inert and -inhibitory anti-TF ADCs both killed cancer cells effectively. Importantly, the coagulation-inert ADCs were as efficacious as tisotumab vedotin, a clinical stage ADC that affected blood clotting, including in patient-derived xenografts from three solid tumor indications with a need for new therapeutic treatments-squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck (SCCHN), ovarian, and gastric adenocarcinoma. Furthermore, a subset of the anti-TF antibodies could also be considered for the treatment of other diseases associated with upregulation of membranous TF expression, such as macular degeneration. <i>Mol Cancer Ther; 17(11); 2412-26. ©2018 AACR</i>.
New alternating phase-shifting mask conversion methodology using phase conflict resolution (2002)

A new methodology for completely phase-shifting a layout with creating local phase conflicts is proposed for lithographic techniques combining one phase-shifting mask and one binary mask exposure. Critical and non-critical areas of the layout are identified and phase conflicts are avoided by splitting the shifter regions from non-critical areas to non-critical areas without crossing critical areas. The out-of-phase splits of the shifter regions are removed using the binary exposure. Simulation results and experimental data collected for 90 nm technology node show no sign of process latitude loss around the areas where the shifters are split. The overlay latitude is commensurate with 90 nm technology scanner requirements (tool to itself). This approach can also be utilized at the cell library level by creating two copies of each cell with forced phase- shifting boundary conditions. The top and bottom of all the cells have the same phase while the left and right side of each cell have opposite phases, in degrees either 0 - 0 and 180 - 180 or 0 - 180 and 180 - 0. This implementation guarantees conflict-free cell creation and placement.
A Multi-Mode Video Object Segmentation Scheme for Wireless Video Applications (2007)

This paper presents a new multi-mode video object segmentation scheme to automatically segment head-and-shoulder objects from a video sequence. The proposed system supports two modes of segmentation: intra-mode and inter-mode. The intra-mode segmentation integrates skin detection, facial feature localization and verification, object shape approximation, split-and-merge region growing, and object region selection and guarantees good performance of the proposed segmentation scheme. The inter-mode object segmentation makes use of background modeling and subtraction to take advantage of temporal correlation of video frame while increasing the robustness of the segmentation and speeding up the performance. The main contributions of the proposed method includes: (i) a robust and efficient background modeling in inter-mode object segmentation, (ii) a facial feature verification and a multi-face separation algorithm in intra-mode segmentation. The performance of the algorithm is illustrated by simulation results carried out on various head-and-shoulder video sequences.
Characterization of mammary-specific disruptions for Tph1 and Lrp5 during murine lactation (2017)

Serotonin is a homeostatic regulator of the mammary gland during lactation. The contribution of mammary-derived serotonin to circulating serum serotonin concentrations was previously unknown. We have developed mice with mammary-specific disruptions of tryptophan hydroxylase 1 (Tph1) or low-density lipoprotein receptor-related protein 5 (Lrp5) that are induced during late pregnancy and lactation via use of the whey acidic protein (WAP)-Cre cre-lox system. Our objective was to characterize dams with a lactation- and mammary-specific disruption of Lrp5 (WAP-Cre × Lrp5 <sup>FL/FL</sup>) or Tph1 (WAP-Cre × Tph1 <sup>FL/FL</sup>). Milk yield and pup weights were recorded throughout lactation. Dams were euthanized on d10 postpartum and mammary glands and duodenal tissue were harvested. WAP-Cre × Lrp5 <sup>FL/FL</sup> dams had elevated serotonin concentrations in both the mammary gland and circulation compared to controls. In contrast, WAP-Cre × Tph1 <sup>FL/FL</sup> dams had decreased mammary gland and serum serotonin concentrations compared to controls. Alveolar morphology, milk yield, and pup weights were similar. Mammary-derived serotonin makes a significant contribution to circulating serotonin concentrations during lactation, with no effect on milk yield or alveolar morphology. These transgenic models can and should be confidently used in future lactation studies to further elucidate the contribution of serotonin to the maintenance of lactation.
Risk Identification of Personally Identifiable Information from Collective Mobile App Data (2018)

Big data analytics is being used by many market participants to utilize personal data in their business applications. Personally Identifiable Information (PII) (e.g. age, race, social security number, address, etc.) plays a vital role in providing user-centric services. Many IT companies collect, store and process PII of their customers by means of various mobile applications. This study explains how collective permission gathering through multiple Android applications by same publishers can disclose user's PII by using two new PII risk factors. To evaluate the usefulness of the proposed risk factors, our study conducted experiments with 625 dangerous permissions listed by Android such as ‘read location’, ‘read and write contacts’, ‘use camera’, ‘use microphone’ etc. from 118 applications of top 2 Korean mobile application publishing companies, Kakao and Naver, with 7 subsidiary organizations. The data flow is graphically outlined and the critical statistical evidence is identified. Through experimental data analysis, it is evident that the proposed PII risk factors hold definite advantages over other risk factors which only consider single way of data leaking. The experimental results suggest that PII like Google ID, location, phone number and social graph are at peril if collective permission gathering through multiple Android apps are not appropriately measured and controlled.
Photomechanical Response of Glassy Azobenzene Polyimide Networks (2011)

We report the synthesis of amorphous, heat-resistant (Tg ranging from 220 to 246 °C) polyimides cross-linked with a novel tris(azobenzeneamine) cross-linker and examine the photodirected bending of cantilevers composed of these materials to exposure to linearly polarized, 442 nm light. Increasing the cross-linker concentration from 5 to 20 mol % in the network not only serves to increase the Tg and modulus but also results in a considerable increase in photomechanical response observed as an increase in bending angle from 5° to 20°. Adjustment of the orientation of the electric field of the light polarization to the cantilever axis is shown to generate forward and backward (bidirectional) bending. Upon removal of the incident light, the cantilevers exhibit photoelastic behavior by restoring to the original vertical position.
A145 EFFICACY AND SAFETY OF UPADACITINIB MAINTENANCE THERAPY IN PATIENTS WITH MODERATELY TO SEVERELY ACTIVE ULCERATIVE COLITIS: RESULTS FROM A RANDOMIZED PHASE 3 STUDY (2022)

Abstract Background Upadacitinib (UPA), an oral selective and reversible JAK inhibitor, demonstrated significantly greater efficacy compared with placebo (PBO) for induction of remission in patients with moderately to severely active ulcerative colitis (UC) in two phase 3 induction trials. Aims Evaluate safety and efficacy of 52 weeks of UPA 15 mg QD (UPA15) and 30mg QD (UPA30) compared to placebo in patients achieving clinical response following UPA 45 mg treatment in the induction trials. Methods The primary analysis (n=451) evaluated efficacy and safety of UPA15 and UPA30 compared to PBO as maintenance therapy. The primary endpoint was clinical remission via adapted Mayo score at wk 52. Ranked secondary endpoints included endoscopic improvement, maintenance of clinical remission, corticosteroid-free clinical remission, maintenance of endoscopic improvement, endoscopic remission, maintenance of clinical response and Histologic-endoscopic mucosal improvement (HEMI). Results Baseline characteristics were similar between all treatment groups. Both UPA15 and UPA30 met the primary endpoint, and all secondary endpoints. Significantly greater percentages of patients receiving UPA15 and UPA30 vs. PBO achieved clinical remission (42.3% and 51.7%, vs. 12.1%), endoscopic improvement (48.7% and 61.6%, vs. 14.5%), maintenance of clinical remission (59.2% and 69.7%, vs. 22.2%), corticosteroid-free clinical remission (57.1% and 68.0%, vs. 22.2%), maintenance of endoscopic improvement (61.6% and 69.5%, vs. 18.9%), endoscopic remission, (24.2% and 25.9%, vs. 5.6%) and HEMI (34.8% and 49.3%, vs. 11.8%) (p&lt;0.001 for all endpoints). UPA15 and UPA30 were both well-tolerated and no new safety signals were observed. Rates for serious adverse events (AEs) and AEs leading to treatment discontinuation were similar between UPA15 and UPA30 groups and lower compared to the PBO group. Most common AEs were nasopharyngitis and creatine phosphokinase elevation among UPA groups and UC exacerbation within the PBO group (30.2%). Herpes zoster was only reported in UPA groups (3.9%-4.1%). Similar rates of malignancy excluding NMSC were seen within all groups (0.7%-1.3%). MACE were only reported among patients receiving PBO (0.7%), while VTE were only found with UPA30 (1.3%). Conclusions In patients responding to UPA induction therapy, both UPA15 and UPA30 were safe and effective as maintenance treatment at 52 wk for all primary and secondary endpoints. Patients receiving UPA30 responded approximately 10% better for most endpoints compared to those receiving UPA15. Both doses were well-tolerated, with no new safety signals observed. Funding Agencies AbbVie
The Controlled Eutrophication Process for Concentration and Recovery of Nitrogen and Phosphorus from Agricultural Surface Waters (2003)

We are proposing that a promising best management strategy for controlling eutrophication of publicwaters within agricultural watersheds will be through the use of high rate engineered ecosystems, in which, nutrientenriched public or private waters are passed through a controlled eutrophication process capable of convertingexcessive nutrient levels into recoverable algal biomass and high value aquatic products thereby reducing adversedownstream impacts. The basis of this technology, the Partitioned Aquaculture System (PAS) has been underdevelopment at Clemson University for the past 15 years (patented 2002). The Clemson PAS technique, wasdeveloped to control nutrient levels in captive water aquaculture production systems and has been demonstrated tobe capable of yielding 3-5 times the fish production per land area using 1/8 the water volume of conventionalaquaculture, in a system which is designed to recover N and P as high value fish flesh, biofertilizers and biofuels,thereby offsetting the system capital and operating costs. Recently, Clemson University investigators, inconjunction with industry scientists, initiated a project to modify the PAS process adapting it as a nutrient recoveryand concentration technique to be used to clean eutrophying levels of N and P from drainage waters from irrigatedagriculture in Californias Coachella valley. This modification of the PAS has been termed the ControlledEutrophication Process (CEP). In this presentation we will present data from field studies at Clemson and Californiafield sites and will outline the design requirements for a system capable of algal driven CEP water treatmenttechnology to achieve a 90% reduction in nutrient discharges from surfaces waters at N and P concentrations typicalof eastern and western U.S. agricultural watersheds.
Mode filtering in optical whispering gallery resonators (2005)

A method of suppression of unwanted 'transverse' modes in ultra-high Q optical whispering gallery resonators by use of radiative dampers is proposed and demonstrated.
Wrist-watch dosimeter (1982)

The disclosure is directed to a wristwatch dosimeter utilizing a CdTe detector, a microprocessor and an audio and/or visual alarm. The dosimeter is entirely housable within a conventional digital watch case having an additional aperture enabling the detector to receive radiation.
Effects of the interrelationship between dietary lysine and litter size on sow and litter performance (1992)

One hundred and forty-three lactating primiparous sows were used in a study to determine the influence of four different litter sizes on the dietary lysine requirement as measured by sow and litter performance. At farrowing, sows were randomly assigned to one of three corn soybean meal diets (.67, .94, or 1.22 % lysine) and one of four litter sizes (8, 9, 10, or 11 pigs). Sows were fed 7.7, 9.9, and 12.1 IbId of their respective diet for the first, second, and third week of lactation. This provided an average daily lysine intake of 30.1, 42.2, or 54.8 gld throughout the 21-day lactation period. Ratio of other amino acids relative to lysine were kept constant to ensure that lysine was first limiting, and all diets contained 5% soybean oil to increase the energy density. Sows were fed twice daily, and feed disappearance was recorded each day. Litters were adjusted to their treatment size within 72 h after farrowing. If a pig died during the lactation period, a pig of similar age and weight was used as a replacement. Sows and litters were weighed weekly, and average backfat was measured at farrowing and weaning (d 21). There were no interactions between litter size and lysine intake for litter weight gain. Utter weight gain was increased by increasing litter size. Increasing dietary lysine tended to improve litter weight gain. A dietary lysine x litter size interaction was observed for sow weight loss. Sow weight loss was increased as litter size increased. However, increased dietary lysine reduced sow weight loss. Sow backfat loss was not affected by litter size or dietary lysine. In conclusion, it appears that sows require approximately 42.5 gld lysine to maximize 21-d litter weight gain. Surprisingly, litter size did not influence the sows lysine requirement. Increasing litter size increased sow weight loss, but this response was minimized by increasing dietary lysine.; Swine Day, Manhattan, KS, November 19, 1992
Synthesis and Biophysical and Biological Evaluation of 2′-Modified Antisense Oligonucleotides (1991)

Abstract A series of 2′-deoxy-2′-substituted adenosine modified oligonucleotides were synthesized and evaluated for their thermodynamic stability (Tms) and resistance to nuclease degradation in fetal calf serum.
A new highly flexible flame retardant silicone rubber coated fiberglass sleeving (1985)

This paper presents a new, uniquely flexible, flame-retarded silicone rubber coated fiberglass sleeving insulation whose mechanical, electrical and thermal endurance properties have been shown to be of considerable interest to designers and manufacturers of high temperature and high voltage electrical and electronic systems.
Cross-Resistance Among Next-Generation Antiandrogen Drugs Through the AKR1C3/AR-V7 Axis in Advanced Prostate Cancer (2020)

The next-generation antiandrogen drugs, XTANDI (enzalutamide), ZYTIGA (abiraterone acetate), ERLEADA (apalutamide) and NUBEQA (darolutamide) extend survival times and improve quality of life in patients with advanced prostate cancer. Despite these advances, resistance occurs frequently and there is currently no definitive cure for castration-resistant prostate cancer. Our previous studies identified that similar mechanisms of resistance to enzalutamide or abiraterone occur following treatment and cross-resistance exists between these therapies in advanced prostate cancer. Here, we show that enzalutamide- and abiraterone-resistant prostate cancer cells are further cross-resistant to apalutamide and darolutamide. Mechanistically, we have determined that the AKR1C3/AR-V7 axis confers this cross-resistance. Knockdown of AR-V7 in enzalutamide-resistant cells resensitize cells to apalutamide and darolutamide treatment. Furthermore, targeting AKR1C3 resensitizes resistant cells to apalutamide and darolutamide treatment through AR-V7 inhibition. Chronic apalutamide treatment in C4-2B cells activates the steroid hormone biosynthesis pathway and increases AKR1C3 expression, which confers resistance to enzalutamide, abiraterone, and darolutamide. In conclusion, our results suggest that apalutamide and darolutamide share similar resistant mechanisms with enzalutamide and abiraterone. The AKR1C3/AR-V7 complex confers cross-resistance to second-generation androgen receptor-targeted therapies in advanced prostate cancer.
A comparison of two methods for estimating sound pressure level at the tympanic membrane at high frequencies for hearing aids. (2010)

For hearing aid fittings, it is important to know the delivered sound pressure level (SPL) at the tympanic membrane (TM) over a wide frequency range. Because it is infeasible to measure the SPL at the TM clinically, an indirect estimation based on measurements away from the TM is often used in practice. Furthermore, it is highly desirable that such a method does not require a clinician to use extra accessories to perform extra calibration in a clinic. Two such methods were proposed in the past. One used a set of empirically derived correction factors to estimate the SPL at the TM (Recker et al. (2009), the other used a lumped-element model to estimate the SPL at the TM [LoPresti et al. (2009)]. In this study, both methods were evaluated using actual hearing aid prototypes. An ITC hearing aid was built for each of ten participants. For each participant, the SPL in the ear canal was measured using a hearing aid microphone. The SPL at the TM was estimated using each method separately. The results were compared with the measured SPL at the TM. The relative strength and weakness of each method were discussed with the implications for clinical applications.
Distortion-tolerant 3-D object recognition by using single exposure on-axis digital holography (2004)

We present a distortion-tolerant 3-D object recognition system using single exposure on-axis digital holography. In contrast to distortion-tolerant 3-D object recognition employing conventional phase shifting scheme which requires multiple exposures, our proposed method requires only one single digital hologram to be synthesized and used for distortion-tolerant 3-D object recognition. A benefit of the single exposure based on-axis approach is enhanced practicality of digital holography for distortion-tolerant 3-D object recognition in terms of its simplicity and high tolerance to external scene parameters such as moving targets. This paper shows experimentally, that single exposure on-axis digital holography is capable of providing a distortion-tolerant 3-D object recognition capability.
Carborane‐Containing Matrix Metalloprotease (MMP) Ligands as Candidates for Boron Neutron‐Capture Therapy (BNCT) (2020)

Based on the previously reported potent and selective sulfone hydroxamate inhibitors SC-76276, SC-78080 (SD-2590), and SC-77964, potent MMP inhibitors have been designed and synthesized to append a boron-rich carborane cluster by employing click chemistry to target tumor cells that are known to upregulate gelatinases. Docking against MMP-2 suggests binding involving the hydroxamate zinc-binding group, key H-bonds by the sulfone moiety with the peptide backbone residues Leu82 and Leu83, and a hydrophobic interaction with the deep P1' pocket. The more potent of the two triazole regioisomers exhibits an IC<sub>50</sub> of 3.7 nM versus MMP-2 and IC<sub>50</sub> of 46 nM versus MMP-9.
Non-invasive assessment of fibrillatory activity in patients with paroxysmal and persistent atrial fibrillation using the Holter ECG (1999)

(1) The duration of paroxysmal AF episodes can be predicted using spectral analysis of ECG recordings of AF episodes. (2) An increase in fibrillatory frequency is associated with AF persistence. (3) This technique can be used to monitor the response to antiarrhythmic medication.