gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
MAC Centered Cooperation - Synergistic Design of Network Coding, Multi-Packet Reception, and Improved Fairness to Increase Network Throughput (2011)

We design a cross-layer approach to aid in develop- ing a cooperative solution using multi-packet reception (MPR), network coding (NC), and medium access (MAC). We construct a model for the behavior of the IEEE 802.11 MAC protocol and apply it to key small canonical topology components and their larger counterparts. The results obtained from this model match the available experimental results with fidelity. Using this model, we show that fairness allocation by the IEEE 802.11 MAC can significantly impede performance; hence, we devise a new MAC that not only substantially improves throughput, but provides fairness to flows of information rather than to nodes. We show that cooperation between NC, MPR, and our new MAC achieves super-additive gains of up to 6.3 times that of routing with the standard IEEE 802.11 MAC. Furthermore, we extend the model to analyze our MAC's asymptotic and throughput behaviors as the number of nodes increases or the MPR capability is limited to only a single node. Finally, we show that although network performance is reduced under substantial asymmetry or limited implementation of MPR to a central node, there are some important practical cases, even under these conditions, where MPR, NC, and their combination provide significant gains.
Mechanism of Reduced T-Cell Effector Functions and Class-Switched Antibody Responses to Herpes Simplex Virus Type 2 in the Absence of B7 Costimulation (2003)

T-cell costimulation molecules B7-1 and B7-2 play an important role in activation of T cells to cytolytic effector function and production of cytokines. Interaction with B7 also causes T cells to upregulate surface molecules, such as CD40L, that effectively stimulate antibody responses in conjunction with cytokines. We have shown that mice lacking both B7-1 and B7-2 (B7KO mice), when infected intravaginally with virulent herpes simplex virus type 2 (HSV-2), developed more severe disease and higher mortality than their wild-type counterparts. We have now investigated the effects of B7 costimulation deficiency on induction of immune responses to HSV-2 infection of the genital tract. Fewer gamma interferon (IFN-gamma)-producing T cells were present in the genital lymph nodes of B7KO mice compared to wild-type mice, either acutely after primary infection or in recall responses. Less IFN-gamma and especially interleukin-10 were produced by B7KO mice, and cytolytic T-lymphocyte activity was also attenuated. Reduced expression of CD25 on CD4(+) T cells after infection of B7KO mice was consistent with deficits in T-cell activation to effector functions. Although HSV-specific immunoglobulin M (IgM) titers were comparable for both B7KO mice and wild-type mice, B7KO mice had significant deficits in HSV-specific serum IgG responses, with markedly reduced levels of IgG2a and IgG1. In addition, significantly less IgG was detected in the vaginal secretions of B7KO mice than in those from wild-type mice. CD4(+) T-cell expression of CD40L was depressed in B7KO mice in vivo and in vitro. Together with reduced cytokine production, these results suggest a mechanism for decreased IgG class switching or production. Thus, in the absence of B7 costimulation, naïve T cells fail to undergo proper activation in response to HSV-2, which limits T-cell cytokine production, cytotoxic T lymphocyte activity, and provision of help for class-switched antibody responses.
Characterization of the Helicoverpa armigera and Pseudaletia unipuncta granulovirus enhancin genes (1995)

Enhancins are baculovirus proteins capable of enhancing infections in insect larvae by other baculoviruses. We have identified the enhancin proteins in four species of granulovirus (GV). In this paper we describe the cloning and sequencing of the enhancin genes of the Pseudaletia unipuncta granulovirus-Hawaiian strain (PsunGV-H) and the Helicoverpa (Heliothis) armigera granulovirus (HearGV). The PsunGV-H enhancin gene is virtually identical to the previously characterized Trichoplusia ni GV (TnGV) enhancin gene. In contrast, a comparison of the predicted amino acid sequences of TnGV enhancin (901 amino acids) and HearGV enhancin (902 amino acids) revealed an overall identity of only 80%, with greater conservation (88%) from amino acids 1-550. Primer extension analysis of enhancin RNAs identified the baculovirus late promoter motif that serves as the transcriptional start site in the HearGV enhancin gene. It is located three nucleotides from the putative enhancin translational initiator codon. RNase protection analysis demonstrated that both read-through and termination occur at the 3' end of the gene. Since a partial open reading frame (ORF) was identified immediately downstream of the 3' end of the enhancin ORF, these data suggested that a sizeable fraction of the enhancin mRNAs may be bi-cistronic and share a common 3' end with a downstream transcription unit.
Seizure forecasting and cyclic control of seizures (2020)

Epilepsy is a unique neurologic condition characterized by recurrent seizures, where causes, underlying biomarkers, triggers, and patterns differ across individuals. The unpredictability of seizures can heighten fear and anxiety in people with epilepsy, making it difficult to take part in day-to-day activities. Epilepsy researchers have prioritized developing seizure prediction algorithms to combat episodic seizures for decades, but the utility and effectiveness of prediction algorithms has not been investigated thoroughly in clinical settings. In contrast, seizure forecasts, which theoretically provide the probability of a seizure at any time (as opposed to predicting the next seizure occurrence), may be more feasible. Many advances have been made over the past decade in the field of seizure forecasting, including improvements in algorithms as a result of machine learning and exploration of non-EEG-based measures of seizure susceptibility, such as physiological biomarkers, behavioral changes, environmental drivers, and cyclic seizure patterns. For example, recent work investigating periodicities in individual seizure patterns has determined that more than 90% of people have circadian rhythms in their seizures, and many also experience multiday, weekly, or longer cycles. Other potential indicators of seizure susceptibility include stress levels, heart rate, and sleep quality, all of which have the potential to be captured noninvasively over long time scales. There are many possible applications of a seizure-forecasting device, including improving quality of life for people with epilepsy, guiding treatment plans and medication titration, optimizing presurgical monitoring, and focusing scientific research. To realize this potential, it is vital to better understand the user requirements of a seizure-forecasting device, continue to advance forecasting algorithms, and design clear guidelines for prospective clinical trials of seizure forecasting.
Development of novel ultra-high dielectric constant polymer based composite (2003)

Embedded capacitor technology can increase silicon packing efficiency, improve electrical performance, and reduce electronic assembly cost compared with traditional discrete capacitor technology. Developing a suitable material that satisfies electrical, reliability and processing requirements is one of the major challenges of incorporating capacitors into a printed wiring board (PWB) substrate for demanding wireless, RF portable telecommunication products. A novel epoxy-based composite with very ultra high dielectric constant (/spl epsiv//sub r//spl sim/1000) has been developed in this work. The previous record of /spl epsiv//sub r/=150 was only recently reported. To our best knowledge, this is the highest K value of the polymer based composite ever reported. High dielectric constant is obtained by increasing the concentration of conductive filler close to but not exceed the percolation threshold within the polymer matrix. This novel ultra high K material also has low dielectric loss (<0.02), good adhesion and perfect multi-chip-module laminate (MCM-L) process compatibility. An embedded capacitor prototype with capacitance density of 100 nF/cm/sup 2/ has been manufactured using this composite and spin coating technology. This novel composite is the perfect material candidate for the integral embedded capacitor applications for next generation electronic products.
Association between serum albumin and glycated hemoglobin in Asian Indian subjects (2014)

Serum albumin negatively correlates with HbA1c in Asian Indians independent of other variables. This study suggests that predicting diabetes and its complication based on the HbA1c needs to be further investigated in Indian subjects.
Ferroelectric and Piezoelectric Properties of Na <sub> 1− <i>x</i> </sub> Ba <sub> <i>x</i> </sub> Nb <sub> 1− <i>x</i> </sub> Ti <sub> <i>x</i> </sub> O <sub>3</sub> Ceramics (2006)

Piezoelectric ceramics Na 1− x Ba x Nb 1− x Ti x O 3 with low BaTiO 3 concentrations x have been prepared by the solid‐state reaction method, and their ferroelectric and piezoelectric properties have been studied. The ceramics are classic ferroelectrics when x ≤0.10, and the ferroelectric–paraelectric phase transition becomes diffusive when x ≥0.15. A low doping level of BaTiO 3 changes the NaNbO 3 ceramics from antiferroelectric to ferroelectric. With the increase in BaTiO 3 doping level, the Curie temperature of ceramics decreases linearly and the remnant polarization and coercive field also decrease, while their dielectric constant increases. Na 0.9 Ba 0.1 Nb 0.9 Ti 0.1 O 3 ceramics show the largest piezoelectric constant d 33 (147 pC/N) and good sinterability, suggesting that it is a good candidate for lead‐free piezoelectric ceramics.
Dynamic routing, wavelength assignment, and spectrum allocation in transparent flexible optical WDM networks (2010)

Due to emerging heterogeneous applications, the traffic in metro optical networks is becoming more dynamic with diverse granularities. The Flexible Optical WDM (FWDM) network architecture can support such heterogeneous line rates with finer granularities by provisioning channels with flexible spectrum allocation to leverage spectral and wavelength efficiencies. In this paper, we introduce the dynamic routing, wavelength assignment, and spectrum allocation problem for the first time. We propose an efficient greedy algorithm, and evaluate the the performance of the FWDM architecture with the conventional fixed grid WDM network architecture in terms of blocking probability and network throughput. Results show that the proposed architecture improves network blocking probability and throughput compared to fixed grid networks.
Sustainable Synthesis of Zeolites without Addition of Both Organotemplates and Solvents (2014)

The development of sustainable and environmentally friendly techniques for synthesizing zeolites has attracted much attention, as the use of organic templates and solvents in the hydrothermal synthesis of zeolites is a major obstacle for realizing green and sustainable synthesis ways. Recently, the introduction of the organotemplate-free synthesis method allowed avoiding the use of organic templates, but water as solvent was still required; solvent-free routes on the other hand beared the potential to significantly reduce the amount of polluted wastewater, but organic templates were still present. In this work, we have demonstrated a combined strategy of both organotemplate- and solvent-free conditions to synthesize aluminosilicate zeolites Beta and ZSM-5 (S-Beta and S-ZSM-5), two of the most important zeolites relevant for industry. The samples are thoroughly characterized by XRD patterns, SEM images, N2 sorption isotherms, UV-Raman spectra, and 29Si and 27Al MAS NMR spectra. The results demonstrate that S-Beta and S-ZSM-5 zeolites exhibit almost the same textural parameters (e.g., BET surface area and pore volume) and catalytic performance in cumene cracking and m-xylene isomerization as those of conventional Beta and ZSM-5 zeolites synthesized under hydrothermal conditions (C-Beta and C-ZSM-5). The organotemplate- and solvent-free syntheses of S-Beta and S-ZSM-5 take place at a low-pressure regime and are free of harmful gases as well as give high product yields together with highly efficient consumption of the starting raw materials. These advantages plus the very simple procedures opened the pathway to a highly sustainable zeolite synthesis protocol compared to conventional methods currently employed for C-Beta and C-ZSM-5. Very interestingly, this simple synthesis is a good model for understanding zeolite crystallization. The detail characterizations indicate that the S-Beta crystals are formed from the assembly of zeolite building units, mainly 4MRs, while the 5MRs in the framework are just formed in the crystallization of S-ZSM-5, rather than existence in the starting solid mixture. During the crystallization processes, small traces of water play an important role for the hydrolysis and condensation of silica and/or aluminosilicate species.
A Peptide Derived from Endostatin Ameliorates Organ Fibrosis (2012)

Fibroproliferative disorders such as idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis and systemic sclerosis have no effective therapies and result in significant morbidity and mortality due to progressive organ fibrosis. We examined the effect of peptides derived from endostatin on existing fibrosis and fibrosis triggered by two potent mediators, transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) and bleomycin, in human and mouse tissues in vitro, ex vivo, and in vivo. We identified one peptide, E4, with potent antifibrotic activity. E4 prevented TGF-β-induced dermal fibrosis in vivo in a mouse model, ex vivo in human skin, and in bleomycin-induced dermal and pulmonary fibrosis in vivo, demonstrating that E4 exerts potent antifibrotic effects. In addition, E4 significantly reduced existing fibrosis in these preclinical models. E4 amelioration of fibrosis was accompanied by reduced cell apoptosis and lower levels of lysyl oxidase, an enzyme that cross-links collagen, and Egr-1 (early growth response gene-1), a transcription factor that mediates the effects of several fibrotic triggers. Our findings identify E4 as a peptide with potent antifibrotic activity and a possible therapeutic agent for organ fibrosis.
Exploiting autoimmunity unleashed by low‐dose immune checkpoint blockade to treat advanced cancer (2019)

As a result of the cancer immunotherapy revolution, more than 2000 immuno-oncology agents are currently being tested or are in use to improve responses. Not unexpectedly, the 2018 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine was awarded to James P. Allison and Tasuku Honjo for their development of cancer therapy by the blockade of co-inhibitory signals. Unfortunately, manipulation of the co-inhibitory receptors has also resulted in a safety issue: widespread iatrogenic immune-related adverse events (irAEs). Autoimmunity is emerging as the nemesis of immunotherapy. Originally, it was assumed that CTLA-4 blockade selectively targets T cells relevant to the antitumour immune response. However, an uncontrolled pan T cell activation was induced compromising tolerance to healthy self-tissues. The irAEs are very similar to that of a chronic graft-versus-host-disease (GVHD) reaction following allogeneic bone marrow transplantation (BMT). We hypothesized that ipilimumab induced a graft-versus-malignancy (GVM) effect, which eradicated metastatic melanoma in a minority of patients, but also involved an auto-GVHD reaction that resulted in widespread autoimmunity in the majority. Therefore, we argued for a profound theoretical point against the consensus of experts. The task is not to desperately put the genie back in the bottle by immune-suppressive treatments, but instead to harness the autoimmune forces. In this way, the same goal could be achieved by an antibody as by the adoptive transfer of alloreactive donor lymphocytes, but without severe GVHD. The proof-of-principle of a low-dose-combination immune checkpoint therapy, consisting only of approved drugs and treatments, was demonstrated in 111 stage IV cancer patients.
DreamRooms: Prototyping Rooms in Collaboration with a Generative Process (2019)

Generative design techniques use algorithmic encodings of domain knowledge to automate parts of the design process. This approach has worked well when success can be written as an optimization problem, but useful evaluation criteria are often discovered during the design process. To study how these criteria are developed we built DreamRooms, a room layout prototyping tool with a tight interaction loop between the designer and a generative process that does not encode a priori objective measures of quality. DreamRooms consists of a VR environment wherein the user can set constraints and gradually lower the entropy of a generative process that produces alternative layouts for the user to consider and iterate on. In addition to the DreamRooms system, we present the results of an observational study which revealed benefits to rapid collaboration between a designer and the generative process in an embodied environment and points towards mechanisms for communicating design intent to the generative process.
Intermediary Variables and Algorithm Parameters for an Electronic Algorithm for Intravenous Insulin Infusion (2009)

An algorithm is described that estimates MR prior to the attainment of euglycemia and computes MR-dependent values for IR(next). Design features address glycemic variability, promote safety with respect to hypoglycemia, and define a method for specifying glycemic targets that are allowed to differ according to patient condition.
Amino acid analogs of benanomicin A through desalaninebenanomicin A. (1992)

Desalaninebenanomicin A has been synthesized in good yield by the cleavage of the amido bond of benanomicin A using MEERWEIN's reagent. This is a useful intermediate to prepare amino acid analogs of benanomicin A. MEERWEIN's reagent reacts with totally protected benanomicin A to give a stable imino ether. After deprotection, the imino ether is treated with aqueous acetone at reflux to afford a methyl ester of desalaninebenanomicin A. Desalaninebenanomicin A was coupled with a variety of amino acids by the active ester method to afford new benanomicin analogs.
Surface‐capped molybdenum sulphide nanoparticles — a novel type of lubricant additive (2004)

Abstract Compounds containing molybdenum sulphide are widely employed as friction‐modifying and antioxidant additives in lubricants. However, the synthesis of these types of compound can often be complex and expensive. Tribologically active lubricant additives can be prepared as inorganic nanosized surface‐capped particles, the surfaces being coated with compounds that interact and/or react with the inorganic material. This paper reports on the synthesis and characterisation of surface‐capped molybdenum trisulphide nanoparticles. The synthesis was carried out using a reverse micellar system. The size and composition of the nanoparticles were determined, and their tribological properties as lubricant additives were compared with those of commercially available additives. It was found that the surface‐capped molybdenum sulphide nanoparticles show good friction‐modifying and anti‐scuffing behaviour.
Mobile CRISPR/Cas-Mediated Bacteriophage Resistance in Lactococcus lactis (2012)

Lactococcus lactis is a biotechnological workhorse for food fermentations and potentially therapeutic products and is therefore widely consumed by humans. It is predominantly used as a starter microbe for fermented dairy products, and specialized strains have adapted from a plant environment through reductive evolution and horizontal gene transfer as evidenced by the association of adventitious traits with mobile elements. Specifically, L. lactis has armed itself with a myriad of plasmid-encoded bacteriophage defensive systems to protect against viral predation. This known arsenal had not included CRISPR/Cas (clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats/CRISPR-associated proteins), which forms a remarkable microbial immunity system against invading DNA. Although CRISPR/Cas systems are common in the genomes of closely related lactic acid bacteria (LAB), none was identified within the eight published lactococcal genomes. Furthermore, a PCR-based search of the common LAB CRISPR/Cas systems (Types I and II) in 383 industrial L. lactis strains proved unsuccessful. Here we describe a novel, Type III, self-transmissible, plasmid-encoded, phage-interfering CRISPR/Cas discovered in L. lactis. The native CRISPR spacers confer resistance based on sequence identity to corresponding lactococcal phage. The interference is directed at phages problematic to the dairy industry, indicative of a responsive system. Moreover, targeting could be modified by engineering the spacer content. The 62.8-kb plasmid was shown to be conjugally transferrable to various strains. Its mobility should facilitate dissemination within microbial communities and provide a readily applicable system to naturally introduce CRISPR/Cas to industrially relevant strains for enhanced phage resistance and prevention against acquisition of undesirable genes.
Identifying Aggregate Scanning Strategies to Improve Usability Evaluations (2010)

Automated analysis methods are needed to convert eye tracking data into meaningful descriptions of high-level scanning strategies that can help usability professionals understand how designs are viewed. Prior techniques for analyzing eye tracking sequences, or scanpaths, are limited in their ability to find aggregated visual search strategies for a group of observers. We describe a pattern analysis tool that finds clusters of sequentially matching patterns among multiple scanpaths. Scanning strategies are clustered hierarchically, then represented as aggregate scanpaths. The tool can also match scanpaths against a hypothetical scanning strategy, input by mouse gesture. Use of the pattern analysis tool was demonstrated using a 114-participant eye tracking dataset in which several aggregate scanning strategies were identified. Matching against a hypothetical, counter-clockwise scanning strategy was also included in the demonstration. The analysis tool provides a valuable resource for aggregating or grouping scanning strategies, a vital step toward generalizing eye tracking results to guide design recommendations for improving usability.
Chemical Composition of Group II Lubricant Oil Studied by High-Resolution Gas Chromatography and Comprehensive Two-Dimensional Gas Chromatography (2007)

A detailed chemical composition analysis of group II type lubricant oil has been accomplished by high-resolution gas chromatography (HRGC) and comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatography (GCxGC). The major advantage of these techniques is the ability to obtain the detailed fingerprint of major paraffin components. To achieve the superior low-temperature property in lubricant oil via dewaxing processes, it is critical to monitor the change of key components (paraffins) in order to understand the effect of paraffins on the low-temperature property of base oil and the mechanism of each dewaxing process as well as the effectiveness of each process. Comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatography (GCxGC) provides a better separation between the paraffins and naphthenes in the lubricant oil. Based on the quantitative analysis of GCxGC results, a formula has been developed to correlate the paraffin chemical composition to one of the low-temperature property, viscosity measured by a mini-rotary viscometer (MRV). The ability of correlating the paraffin chemical composition to MRV viscosity makes the better understanding of the role of various paraffin molecules in MRV viscosity. This knowledge is important in managing this MRV viscosity under different applications. In addition, this knowledge can be used in the lubricant base oil formulation, in the additive package development, as well as a model to predict MRV viscosity from the chemical composition.