gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
FlatFitFab (2014)

We present a comprehensive system to author planar section structures, common in art and engineering. A study on how planar section assemblies are imagined and drawn guide our design principles: planar sections are best drawn in-situ, with little foreshortening, orthogonal to intersecting planar sections, exhibiting regularities between planes and contours. We capture these principles with a novel drawing workflow where a single fluid user stroke specifies a 3D plane and its contour in relation to existing planar sections. Regularity is supported by defining a vocabulary of procedural operations for intersecting planar sections. We exploit planar structure properties to provide real-time visual feedback on physically simulated stresses, and geometric verification that the structure is stable, connected and can be assembled. This feedback is validated by real-world fabrication and testing. As evaluation, we report on over 50 subjects who all used our system with minimal instruction to create unique models.
Studies on the new W-N gear with basic rack of combined circular and curved profile. (1990)

The tooth profile which is insensitive to the center distance error, without sacrificing the advantages of the W-N gears, is developed. The authors clarified that the relationship between the change in the center distance and the operating pressure angle differs depending on the rate of change of the radius curvature of the tooth profile, and studied and indicated the tooth profile whose radius curvature is suitable for the W-N type gears. Then a formula to calculate the gap between the tooth surfaces of gears which are meshing was derived, and investigated how the gap between the tooth surfaces differs according to the different tooth profile. It is very important to take into account the affects of the expansion of the contact area caused by an elastic deformation on each tooth surface when a force is applied to the surfaces in mesh . Also a study was made to determine the tooth profile which is most ideal and suitable for the W-N gear.
Novel Template‐Directed Anodic Phenol‐Coupling Reaction (2006)

Substituted phenols were anodically coupled to the corresponding 2,2'-biphenols via tetraphenoxy borate derivatives. This electrochemical method is particularly useful for methyl-substituted substrates, such as 2,4-dimethyl phenol. The selective ortho-coupling reaction can be easily performed on a multikilogram scale.
FK506 AND THE ROLE OF THE IMMUNOPHILIN FKBP-52 IN NERVE REGENERATION* (1999)

In summary, FKBP-12 does not mediate the neurite outgrowth-promoting properties of neuroimmunophilin ligands (e.g., FK506). Instead, the neurotrophic properties of neuroimmunophilin ligands (FK506) and steroid hormones are mediated by disruption of steroid-receptor complexes. It remains unclear which component mediates neurite outgrowth, although the most likely candidates are FKBP-52, hsp-90, and p23 [42]. Regardless of the underlying mechanism involved, the FKBP-52 antibody data reveal that it should be possible to design, based on the structure of FK506, non-FKBP-12-binding (nonimmunosuppressant) compounds selective for FKBP-52 and test these new libraries for their ability to augment nerve regeneration. It may also be possible to exploit the structure of geldanamycin to develop a new class of hsp-90-binding compounds for use in nerve regeneration.
Photonic crystal biosensors and tunable resonant optical devices (2008)

Summarizes the development of tunable photonic crystal structures for a variety of applications within the Nano Sensors Group at the University of Illinois. The author focuses on the design, fabrication, and application of large, plastic-based photonic crystal slabs for label-free biosensing, fluorescence enhancement, mechanical strain sensors, and tunable reflectors for laser modulation.
A xylose-utilizing Saccharomyces cerevisiae strain serves as a better host for producing acetyl-CoA derived n-butanol (2021)

Efficient xylose catabolism in engineered Saccharomyces cerevisiae enables more economical lignocellulosic biorefinery with improved production yields per unit of biomass. Yet, the product profile of glucose/xylose co-fermenting S. cerevisiae is mainly limited to bioethanol and a few other chemicals. Here, we introduced an n-butanol-biosynthesis pathway into a glucose/xylose co-fermenting S. cerevisiae strain (XUSEA) to evaluate its potential on the production of acetyl-CoA derived products. Higher n-butanol production of glucose/xylose co-fermenting strain was explained by the transcriptomic landscape, which revealed strongly increased acetyl-CoA and NADPH pools when compared to a glucose fermenting wild-type strain. The acetate supplementation expected to support acetyl-CoA pool further increased n-butanol production, which was also validated during the fermentation of lignocellulosic hydrolysates containing acetate. Our findings imply the feasibility of lignocellulosic biorefinery for producing fuels and chemicals derived from a key intermediate of acetyl-CoA through glucose/xylose co-fermentation.
In vivo enhancement of baculovirus infection by the viral enhancing factor of a granulosis virus of the cabbage looper, Trichoplusia ni (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) (1991)

The ability of the viral enhancing factor (VEF) from Trichoplusia ni granulosis virus to enhance the infectivity of Autographa californica multiply enveloped nuclear polyhedrosis virus (AcMNPV) was measured in mid-fourth instar T. ni bioassays. In dose-response bioassays with a constant AcMNPV dose and VEF concentrations varying from 1 to 40 ng/larva, mortality increased linearly with the log dose of VEF from 20.8 to 93.1%. Reciprocal bioassays in which the dose of VEF was constant while that of the virus was varied yielded parallel dose response lines with a calculated potency ratio (LD50 for virus alone/LD50 for virus + VEF) of 3. In addition to increasing mortality, 40 ng of VEF significantly reduced median survival times of LD20 and LD90 doses of AcMNPV by 9.5 and 10.7 hr, respectively. VEF also enhanced AcMNPV in neonates of T. ni. Increased susceptibility of T. ni larvae to T. ni singly enveloped nuclear polyhedrosis virus (a potency ratio of 16 with 40 ng of VEF), and Anticarsia gemmatalis multiply enveloped nuclear polyhedrosis virus (a potency ratio of ca. 10.0 with 40 ng of VEF) was also demonstrated.
Wide-field high-resolution surface-plasmon interference microscopy (2009)

We describe a wide-field interferometric surface-plasmon microscope capable of submicrometer resolution. The system is a speckle-illuminated Linnik interferometer, which behaves as a wide-field analog of a scanning heterodyne interferometer. The presented images demonstrate contrast reversals at different defocus while retaining submicrometer lateral resolution. The contrast mechanisms are discussed as well as the instrumental requirements of the technique.
Tracking of Multiple Sound Sources by Integration of Robot-Embedded and In-Room Microphone Arrays (2007)

Real-time and robust sound source tracking is an important function for a robot operating in a daily environment, because the robot should recognize where a sound event such as speech, music and other environmental sounds originates from. This paper addresses real-time sound source tracking by spatial integration of an in-room microphone array (IRMA) and a robot-embedded microphone array (REMA) . The IRMA system consists of 64 ch microphones attached to the walls. It localizes multiple sound sources based on weighted delay-and-sum beamforming on a 2D plane. The REMA system localizes multiple sound sources in azimuth using eight microphones attached to a robot's head on a rotational table. A particle filter integrates their localization results to track multiple sound sources. The experimental results show that particle filter based integration improved accuracy and robustness of sound source tracking even when the robot's head was in rotation.
Fat/water separation in single acquisition steady‐state free precession using multiple echo radial trajectories (2005)

Phase detection in fully refocused SSFP imaging has recently allowed fat/water separation without preparing the magnetization or using multiple acquisitions. Instead, it exploits the phase difference between fat and water at an echo time at the midpoint of the TR. To minimize the TR for improved robustness to B0 inhomogeneity, a 3D projection acquisition collecting two half echoes at the beginning and end of each excitation was previously implemented. Since echoes are not formed at the midpoint of the TR, this method still requires two passes of k-space for fat/water separation. A new method is presented to linearly combine the half echoes to separate fat and water in a single acquisition. Separation using phase detection provides superior contrast between fat and water voxels. Results from high resolution angiography and musculoskeletal studies with improved robustness to inhomogeneity and a 50% scan time reduction compared to the two pass method are presented.
A study of integrated position sensors for PZT resonant micromirrors (2015)

PZT driven resonant micromirrors offer advantages of large scan angles and decreasing power consumption due to the benefits of resonant driving and high torque delivered by PZT actuators. Therefore they are entering into different application fields recently, for example as laser projection or head-up displays. For many uses position sensing of the micromirrors is necessary to set up closed loop controls. Thus, the development of integrated position sensors is aimed in this work. Investigation and evaluation of different position sensing principles have been performed. In previous works 1D and 2D PZT driven resonant micromirrors have been presented, which feature various spring suspensions and thinfilm PZT actuators as drivers. Due to the considerably different motion modes and resonant frequencies, which vary from 100 Hz up to 64 kHz, various position detection methods have been investigated. This work presents primarily fabrication and characterization results of the position sensors based on the direct piezoelectric effect, which will be compared to the position sensors using metallic strain gauge realized by the same fabrication technology. Analyses of the sensitivity, linearity and dynamic behavior of the sensors have been performed, by means of comparing the sensor signals and the micromirror position signals measured by a Position-Sensitive-Device. Advantages and drawbacks of the sensors are discussed and methods for eliminating the drawbacks are proposed.
Sealed lithium--iodine cells (1976)

Ecological studies on zoonotic parasites are crucial for the design and implementation of effective measures to prevent parasite transmission. The aim of this study was to evaluate factors such as season, landscape unit, rat sex and rat body length, affecting the abundance of the cestode Hymenolepis diminuta, a parasite of synanthropic rats, within an urban environment. A parasitological survey was undertaken on 169 rats from landscape units such as shantytowns, parklands, industrial-residential areas and scrap-metal yards in Buenos Aires, Argentina. The overall prevalence of H. diminuta was 21.3%, although the occurrence of this species in rats was not homogeneous. The abundance of H. diminuta, using a zero-inflated negative binomial model, was correlated with rat body length. In shantytowns, abundance levels were higher than other landscape units, largely due to differences in individual environmental characteristics and rat assemblages. The populations of arthropod intermediate hosts could be subjected to seasonal fluctuations and the degree of urbanization. Shantytowns are overcrowded urban marginal settlements with most inhabitants living in precarious conditions and supporting large populations of rats, thereby increasing the risk of zoonotic infection.
A System for Controlling Water Potential in Seed Germination Research (1992)

An inexpensive system for maintaining desired water potentials throughout seed germination was developed. During hydration, a water reservoir at the base of inclined petri dishes allowed continual saturation of filter paper on which seeds were placed. During dehydration, seeds were exposed to equilibrium vapor pressures above saturated salt solutions. Constant temperature, necessary to prevent condensation of water vapor, was achieved via a small (0.2 A) fan that furnished and circulated heat throughout an insulated chamber in which salt solutions were placed. By operating the chamber above ambient laboratory temperature, interior cooling was not required. The system allowed manipulation of the rate, degree, and frequency of dehydration episodes to which germinating seeds were exposed.
<title>Optical processing and recording by scanning near-field optic/atomic force microscope (SNOAM)</title> (1995)

This paper describes the design and applications to optical processing and recording of a Scanning Near-field Optic/Atomic-force Microscope (SNOAM). A sharpened and bent optical fiber was used as a near-field optical probe as well as an atomic force microscope probe in a vertical vibrating mode. SNOAM provides simultaneous topographical and optical images with high resolution beyond the diffraction limit. As an example of an application to optical processing, near-field exposures have been demonstrated by a SNOAM. We produced pit and line patterns exposed and developed in commercial photoresist film. In the processing mode, the pit and line patterns down to a width of 100 nm have been fabricated on a Si wafer through the Integrated Circuits process.
Study of Free Piston Vuilleumier Heat Pump. Bsic Performance Analysis. (1996)

A linear analysis model for a free piston Vuilleumier heat pump (FPVM) was constructed to derive closed form solutions for the operating frequency, phase angle and displacer strokes at self-excited operation and forced oscillation. Using the linear analysis, conditions for self-excited operation and the effects of connecting the hot displacer and the cold displacer by a spring on the dynamic motion of the displacers and the FPVM performance were investigated. Energy flow in the FPVM was also obtained. A simple 2nd order isothermal simulation combined with the linear analysis was developed which enabled culculation of the FPVM performance characteristics. It was found that the simulation results agreed well qualitatively with results of experiments at self-excited operation. The simulation was used to calculate the dependences of the dynamic motion of the displacers and the FPVM performance on the spring constants, displacer masses and damping coefficients.
Structural and Functional Studies on the Interaction of Adenovirus Fiber Knobs and Desmoglein 2 (2013)

Human adenovirus (Ad) serotypes Ad3, Ad7, Ad11, and Ad14, as well as a recently emerged strain of Ad14 (Ad14p1), use the epithelial junction protein desmoglein 2 (DSG2) as a receptor for infection. Unlike Ad interaction with CAR and CD46, structural details for Ad binding to DSG2 are still elusive. Using an approach based on Escherichia coli expression libraries of random Ad3 and Ad14p1 fiber knob mutants, we identified amino acid residues that, when mutated individually, ablated or reduced Ad knob binding to DSG2. These residues formed three clusters inside one groove at the extreme distal end of the fiber knob. The Ad3 fiber knob mutant library was also used to identify variants with increased affinity to DSG2. We found a number of mutations within or near the EF loop of the Ad3 knob that resulted in affinities to DSG2 that were several orders of magnitude higher than those to the wild-type Ad3 knob. Crystal structure analysis of one of the mutants showed that the introduced mutations make the EF loop more flexible, which might facilitate the interaction with DSG2. Our findings have practical relevance for cancer therapy. We have recently reported that an Ad3 fiber knob-containing recombinant protein (JO-1) is able to trigger opening of junctions between epithelial cancer cells which, in turn, greatly improved the intratumoral penetration and efficacy of therapeutic agents (I. Beyer, et al., Clin. Cancer Res. 18:3340-3351, 2012; I. Beyer, et al., Cancer Res. 71:7080-7090, 2011). Here, we show that affinity-enhanced versions of JO-1 are therapeutically more potent than the parental protein in a series of cancer models.
Structure and properties of fluorine and boron co-alloyed diamond-like carbon films (2004)

Fluorine (F) and boron (B) co-alloyed diamond-like carbon (FB-DLC) films were prepared on polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA), polycarbonate, glass, silicon and Mo sheets by the plasma immersion ion processing (PIIP) technique. A pulse glow discharge plasma was used for the PIIP deposition and was produced at a pressure of 1.33?Pa from acetylene (C2H2), diborane (B2H6), and hexafluoroethane (C2F6) gas. The composition of FB-DLC films was measured by using the ion beam analysis techniques, and the bonding structure was characterized by IR and Raman spectroscopies. The co-alloying of F and B into DLC films resulted in the formation of F?C and B?C hybridized bonding structures. The levels of the F and B concentrations affected the composition, chemical bonding and properties as was evident from the changes observed in hydrogen concentration, optical gap energy, hardness, friction coefficient, and contact angle of water on films. Compared to B-alloyed or F-alloyed DLC films, the F and B co-alloyed DLC films exhibited a reduced hydrogen concentration, high hardness and optical gap energy, and improved hydrophobic and tribological properties.
(.+-.)-4-Aryl-4,5-dihydro-3H-1,3-benzodiazepines. 1. Synthesis and evaluation of (.+-.)-4,5-dihydro-2,3-dimethyl-4-phenyl-3H-1,3-benzodiazepine and analogs as potential antidepressant agents (1982)

A series of (+/-)-4,5-dihydro-4-phenyl-3H-1,3-benzodiazepines and (+/-)-4,5-dihydro-4-phenyl-1H-1,3-benzodiazepines was synthesized as part of a program to develop novel psychotropics. Of these compounds, (+/-)-4,5-dihydro-2,3-dimethyl-4-phenyl-3H-1,3-benzodiazepine (10a, HRP 543) emerged as a potential antidepressant. In in vivo mouse tests (inhibition of tetrabenazine-induced ptosis and potentiation of yohimbine toxicity) which are predictive of antidepressant-like activity, 10a is comparable to amitriptyline. The similarity is also maintained in vitro, as both 10a and amitriptyline inhibit norepinephrine and serotonin uptake into rat brain synaptosomes. No significant inhibition of rat brain monoamine oxidase A or B was found with 10a, nor did the compound potentiate tryptamine-induced seizures. On chronic administration, the number of cortical beta-adrenergic receptor sites was similarly reduced by 10a and desipramine. The anticholinergic activity of clinically useful antidepressants, such as amitriptyline, is a proposed cause of side effects which reduce patient compliance. In contrast to the tricyclics, 10a apparently lacks anticholinergic activity, as evidenced in vitro by negligible displacement of [3H]quinuclidinyl benzylate from rat brain muscarinic receptors and in vivo by insignificant antagonism of the cholinergic stimulation produced by physostigmine or oxotremorine. These data suggest that 10a may be clinically useful as a novel nontricyclic antidepressant which is devoid of anticholinergic side-effect liability. Further evaluation of 10a in nonrodent species is in progress.
Reusing Shares in Secret Sharing Schemes (1994)

A (t, w) threshold scheme is a method for sharing a secret among w shareholders so that the collaboration of at least t shareholders is required in order to reconstruct the shared secret. This paper is concerned with the re-use of shares possessed by shareholders in threshold schemes. We propose a simple (t, w) threshold scheme based on the use of cryptographically strong pseudo-random functions and universal hash functions. A remarkable advantage of the scheme is that a shareholder can use a single string in the share of many different secrets; in particular, a shareholder need not be given a new share each time a new secret is to be shared
Efficiency Analysis of Steam-Over-Solvent Injection in Fractured Reservoirs (SOS-FR) Method for Heavy-Oil Recovery (2010)

Abstract Heavy-oil recovery from fractured carbonates is a real challenge, yet no proven technology exists as an efficient solution. Reservoir heating is generally inevitable and steam injection is the only effective way to heat heavy-matrix oil in such reservoirs using the steam distributed through fracture network. We propose a new method minimizing heat needed for efficient heavy-oil recovery from oil-wet fractured rocks by adding solvent component. Efficiency is a critical issue in this process due to potentially high cost of the process. A new technique we proposed previously called Steam-Over-Solvent in Fractured Reservoirs (SOS-FR) consists of a cyclic injection of steam and solvent in the following manner: Phase-1: Steam injection to heat up the matrix and recover oil mainly by thermal expansion, Phase-2: Solvent injection to produce matrix oil through diffusion-imbibition-drainage processes, and Phase-3: Steam injection to retrieve the injected solvent and recover more heavy-oil. Laboratory scale static and dynamic experiments had shown that, under very unfavorable conditions (oil-wet matrix, 4,000cp crude), oil recovery at the end of Phase-3 was around 85-90% OOIP with 80-85% solvent retrieval. In this paper, the experimental results obtained earlier were matched to a single matrix/single fracture numerical model and parameters needed for field scale simulation (matrix-fracture thermal diffusion, solvent diffusion and dispersion coefficients) were obtained. Using the data obtained through matching, field scale simulations were performed for efficiency analysis and to identify the optimal injection schemes (soaking time for cyclic and injection rate for continuous injection) and durations, and surface steam quality. Specific conclusions as to how to apply this technique efficiently in the field considering the cost of the process were reported.
Temperature-Stable Compelled Composite Superhydrophobic Porous Coordination Polymers Achieved via an Unattainable <i>de Novo</i> Synthetic Method (2018)

We demonstrate a new de novo synthetic methodology to achieve high-temperature-stable compelled composite superhydrophobic porous coordination polymers (PCPs). These new PCPs were achieved based on coordination capabilities of first-row transition metal ions such as Co<sup>2+</sup>, Ni<sup>2+</sup>, and Zn<sup>2+</sup>. The obtained composite PCPs containing a [Zn<sub>2</sub>M<sub>2</sub>O]<sup>6+</sup> (M = Co or Ni) bimetallic cluster core with open metal sites (OMSs) exhibited distinct isosteric heats of adsorption and surface areas due to the difference in their open metal Lewis acidic sites of solvent-free state. Additionally, these composite PCPs exhibit remarkable superhydrophobic properties with contact angles of 159.3° and 160.8° respectively for Zn-Co and Zn-Ni analogues. This superhydrophobic surface survives even at high temperature for longer time periods. As projected, these new composite PCPs exhibit better surface area and heats of adsorption compared to the PESD-1 (Zn) analogue due to a larger number of OMSs. Moreover, they display selective adsorption toward aromatic solvents such as benzene and toluene over aliphatic solvents such as cyclohexane due to corrugated and terminated aromatic hydrocarbon moieties toward the interactive surface. They also exhibit oil spill cleanup from the water surface in the powder form as well as pellet form up to 385 wt %. This study certainly offers a roadmap for designing and engineering new composite superhydrophobic porous materials for better water and thermal stability along with OMSs. This type of PCP exhibits a wide range of applications especially in catalysis, separation technology, and securing environmental problems such as oil spill cleanup in seawater.