gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Living cationic polymerization of isobutyl vinyl ether by protonic acid/zinc halide initiating systems: evidence for the halogen exchange with zinc halide in the growing species (1992)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTLiving cationic polymerization of isobutyl vinyl ether by protonic acid/zinc halide initiating systems: evidence for the halogen exchange with zinc halide in the growing speciesMasami Kamigaito, Mitsuo Sawamoto, and Toshinobu HigashimuraCite this: Macromolecules 1992, 25, 10, 2587–2591Publication Date (Print):May 1, 1992Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 May 1992https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ma00036a004https://doi.org/10.1021/ma00036a004research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views480Altmetric-Citations78LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
The transcription factor Sox10 is a key regulator of peripheral glial development (2001)

The molecular mechanisms that determine glial cell fate in the vertebrate nervous system have not been elucidated. Peripheral glial cells differentiate from pluripotent neural crest cells. We show here that the transcription factor Sox10 is a key regulator in differentiation of peripheral glial cells. In mice that carry a spontaneous or a targeted mutation of Sox10, neuronal cells form in dorsal root ganglia, but Schwann cells or satellite cells are not generated. At later developmental stages, this lack of peripheral glial cells results in a severe degeneration of sensory and motor neurons. Moreover, we show that Sox10 controls expression of ErbB3 in neural crest cells. ErbB3 encodes a Neuregulin receptor, and down-regulation of ErbB3 accounts for many changes in development of neural crest cells observed in Sox10 mutant mice. Sox10 also has functions not mediated by ErbB3, for instance in the melanocyte lineage. Phenotypes observed in heterozygous mice that carry a targeted Sox10 null allele reproduce those observed in heterozygous Sox10(Dom) mice. Haploinsufficiency of Sox10 can thus cause pigmentation and megacolon defects, which are also observed in Sox10(Dom)/+ mice and in patients with Waardenburg-Hirschsprung disease caused by heterozygous SOX10 mutations.
Assimilating MODIS data-derived minimum input data set and water stress factors into CERES-Maize model improves regional corn yield predictions (2019)

Crop growth models and remote sensing are useful tools for predicting crop growth and yield, but each tool has inherent drawbacks when predicting crop growth and yield at a regional scale. To improve the accuracy and precision of regional corn yield predictions, a simple approach for assimilating Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) products into a crop growth model was developed, and regional yield prediction performance was evaluated in a major corn-producing state, Illinois, USA. Corn growth and yield were simulated for each grid using the Crop Environment Resource Synthesis (CERES)-Maize model with minimum inputs comprising planting date, fertilizer amount, genetic coefficients, soil, and weather data. Planting date was estimated using a phenology model with a leaf area duration (LAD)-logistic function that describes the seasonal evolution of MODIS-derived leaf area index (LAI). Genetic coefficients of the corn cultivar were determined to be the genetic coefficients of the maturity group [included in Decision Support System for Agrotechnology Transfer (DSSAT) 4.6], which shows the minimum difference between the maximum LAI derived from the LAD-logistic function and that simulated by the CERES-Maize model. In addition, the daily water stress factors were estimated from the ratio between daily leaf area/weight growth rates estimated from the LAD-logistic function and that simulated by the CERES-Maize model under the rain-fed and auto-irrigation conditions. The additional assimilation of MODIS data-derived water stress factors and LAI under the auto-irrigation condition showed the highest prediction accuracy and precision for the yearly corn yield prediction (R2 is 0.78 and the root mean square error is 0.75 t ha-1). The present strategy for assimilating MODIS data into a crop growth model using minimum inputs was successful for predicting regional yields, and it should be examined for spatial portability to diverse agro-climatic and agro-technology regions.
Inducible and combinatorial gene manipulation in mouse brain (2015)

We have deployed recombinant adeno-associated viruses equipped with tetracycline-controlled genetic switches to manipulate gene expression in mouse brain. Here, we show a combinatorial genetic approach for inducible, cell type-specific gene expression and Cre/loxP mediated gene recombination in different brain regions. Our chemical-genetic approach will help to investigate 'when', 'where', and 'how' gene(s) control neuronal circuit dynamics, and organize, for example, sensory signal processing, learning and memory, and behavior.
Encountering Asia : an historical overview (2001)

Australian responses to Asia, both as a generic entity and as specific countries and cultures, are more richly layered and extend further into our past than is generally appreciated. From the late 19th century, Asia has loomed large in Australian consciousness, giving rise to the view that Australia's future - for good or ill would be increasingly influenced by events in the region. It is a history that deserves to be better known.
Dementia, Culture and Ethnicity: Issues for All Botsford Julia and Dening Karen Harrison (Eds) Dementia, Culture and Ethnicity: Issues for All 328pp £29.99 Jessica Kingsley 9781849054867 184905486X (2015)

NURSES IN a wide range of settings would benefit from reading this book, particularly those on pre-registration training programmes as they prepare the next generation for working with an ever-increasing diverse patient population in a range of care settings.
Regulation of rat B cell responses by T cell subsets and interleukin 2. (1982)

T cell and interleukin 2 (IL 2) regulation of two phases of B cell activation, 3H-TdR uptake and differentiation to antibody-forming cells, were examined. Monoclonal antibody specific for rat kappa light chains (Mab alpha K) stimulated 3H-TdR uptake in vitro in B cell fractions of Lewis spleen cell populations in the presence of T cells and macrophages (M phi); IL 2 reconstituted the response in enriched B cell cultures depleted of T cells and M phi. When IL 2 was added to primary in vitro cultures, spleen cells yielded 100 to 400 anti-SRBC PFC/culture; no PFC were recorded in the absence of IL 2. These results suggested that IL 2 served as a " second signal" for activation in responsive B cell populations. When monoclonal antibody specific for the W3/25+ T cell subset (Mab W3/25) was incorporated into the assay system, both 3H-TdR uptake and PFC responses were inhibited. IL 2 enhancement of B cell responses or responses of reconstituted B cell and T cell fractions was eliminated in the presence of Mab W3/25, indicating that IL 2 mediation of B cell responses was due in part to participation of W3/25+ T cell helper function. In contrast, monoclonal antibody directed to the OX8-bearing T cells (Mab OX8) had no effect on B cell responses. W3/25+ T cells provided helper activity in the generation of a PFC response, whereas OX8+ cells suppressed the antibody response. W3/25+ T cells responded to antigenic stimuli in the presence of IL 2 by undergoing increased blast transformation. OX8+ cells did not exhibit any response. These data define a regulatory network by which T cells, IL 2, and B cells interact to produce in vitro DNA synthesis and antibody formation in activated rat B cells.
Blocking the Cannabinoid Receptors: Drug Candidates and Therapeutic Promises (2007)

The CB1 and CB2 cannabinoid receptors have been described as two prime sites of action for endocannabinoids. Both the localization and pharmacology of these two G-protein-coupled receptors are well-described, and numerous selective ligands have been characterized. The physiological effects of Cannabis sativa (cannabis) and a throughout study of the endocannabinoid system allowed for the identification of several pathophysiological conditions--including obesity, dyslipidemia, addictions, inflammation, and allergies--in which blocking the cannabinoid receptors might be beneficial. Many CB1 receptor antagonists are now in clinical trials, and the results of several studies involving the CB1 antagonist lead compound rimonabant (SR141716A) are now available. This review describes the pharmacological tools that are currently available and the animal studies supporting the therapeutic use of cannabinoid receptor antagonists and inverse agonists. The data available from the clinical trials are also discussed.
Tip-clearance-affected flow fields in a turbine blade row (1999)

For effective validation of computational fluid dynamics (CFD) codes for design, numerical simulations must be compared and contrasted with experimental data sets which are well posed and measured. This paper presents, with the emphasis placed primarily upon the description and explanation of the experimental results, a test case designed for CFD validation concerning the flow field generated by the presence of tip clearance in an annular cascade turbine blade row. The test case is based upon a moderately loaded prismatic blade profile, operating with axial inflow and a nominal mid-span exit Mach number of 0.5. In addition to the case with no clearance, three gap heights, representing 1, 3 and 5 per cent of chord length have been selected. These tip clearances were chosen because they represent three conditions where the tip clearance is below, approximately equal to and substantially larger than the inlet boundary layer displacement thickness. At the leading edge this produces different behaviours, with the smallest gap producing a stagnation point, equivalent to the case without tip clearance, while the largest clearance allows throughflow over the leading edge into the tip gap. In the presence of larger tip clearances, the tip leakage flow induces a stagnating flow in the trailing-edge region, which results in a large area of blocked flow in the blade passage downstream of the trailing edge.
Hydrogen recovery process (2023)

A treatment process for a hydrogen-containing off-gas stream from a refinery, petrochemical plant or the like. The process includes three separation steps: condensation, membrane separation and hydrocarbon fraction separation. The membrane separation step is characterized in that it is carried out under conditions at which the membrane exhibits a selectivity in favor of methane over hydrogen of at least about 2.5.
All-Optical Switch and Transistor Gated by One Stored Photon (2013)

The realization of an all-optical transistor, in which one "gate" photon controls a "source" light beam, is a long-standing goal in optics. By stopping a light pulse in an atomic ensemble contained inside an optical resonator, we realized a device in which one stored gate photon controls the resonator transmission of subsequently applied source photons. A weak gate pulse induces bimodal transmission distribution, corresponding to zero and one gate photons. One stored gate photon produces fivefold source attenuation and can be retrieved from the atomic ensemble after switching more than one source photon. Without retrieval, one stored gate photon can switch several hundred source photons. With improved storage and retrieval efficiency, our work may enable various new applications, including photonic quantum gates and deterministic multiphoton entanglement.
Self-Powered Acceleration Sensor Based on Liquid Metal Triboelectric Nanogenerator for Vibration Monitoring (2017)

An acceleration sensor is an essential component of the vibration measurement, while the passivity and sensitivity are the pivotal features for its application. Here, we report a self-powered and highly sensitive acceleration sensor based on a triboelectric nanogenerator composed of a liquid metal mercury droplet (LMMD) and nanofiber-networked polyvinylidene fluoride (nn-PVDF) film. Due to the ultrahigh surface-to-volume ratio of nn-PVDF film and high surface tension, high mass density, high elastic as well as mechanical robustness of LMMD, the open-circuit voltage and short-circuit current reach up to 15.5 V and 300 nA at the acceleration of 60 m/s<sup>2</sup>, respectively. The acceleration sensor has a wide detection range from 0 to 60 m/s<sup>2</sup> with a high sensitivity of 0.26 V·s/m<sup>2</sup>. Also, the output voltage and current show a negligible decrease over 200,000 cycles, evidently presenting excellent stability. Moreover, a high-speed camera was employed to dynamically capture the motion state of the acceleration sensor for insight into the corresponding work mechanism. Finally, the acceleration sensor was demonstrated to measure the vibration of mechanical equipment and human motion in real time, which has potential applications in equipment vibration monitoring and troubleshooting.
Prokaryotic introns and inteins: a panoply of form and function (1995)

Free access1 July 1995 Share on Prokaryotic introns and inteins: a panoply of form and functionAuthors: M Belfort, M E Reaban, T Coetzee, J Z DalgaardAuthors Info & AffiliationsDOI: https://doi.org/10.1128/jb.177.14.3897-3903.1995 PDF/EPUB
Structural Insights into Catalysis and Inhibition of O-Acetylserine Sulfhydrylase from Mycobacterium tuberculosis (2007)

Cysteine biosynthetic genes are up-regulated in the persistent phase of Mycobacterium tuberculosis, and the corresponding enzymes are therefore of interest as potential targets for novel antibacterial agents. cysK1 is one of these genes and has been annotated as coding for an O-acetylserine sulfhydrylase. Recombinant CysK1 is a pyridoxal phosphate (PLP)-dependent enzyme that catalyzes the conversion of O-acetylserine to cysteine. The crystal structure of the enzyme was determined to 1.8A resolution. CysK1 belongs to the family of fold type II PLP enzymes and is similar in structure to other O-acetylserine sulfhydrylases. We were able to trap the alpha-aminoacrylate reaction intermediate and determine its structure by cryocrystallography. Formation of the aminoacrylate complex is accompanied by a domain rotation resulting in active site closure. The aminoacrylate moiety is bound in the active site via the covalent linkage to the PLP cofactor and by hydrogen bonds of its carboxyl group to several enzyme residues. The catalytic lysine residue is positioned such that it can protonate the Calpha-carbon atom of the aminoacrylate only from the si-face, resulting in the formation of L-cysteine. CysK1 is competitively inhibited by a four-residue peptide derived from the C-terminal of serine acetyl transferase. The crystallographic analysis reveals that the peptide binds to the enzyme active site, suggesting that CysK1 forms an bi-enzyme complex with serine acetyl transferase, in a similar manner to other bacterial and plant O-acetylserine sulfhydrylases. The structure of the enzyme-peptide complex provides a framework for the design of strong binding inhibitors.
Mechanistic Basis for High Stereoselectivity and Broad Substrate Scope in the (salen)Co(III)-Catalyzed Hydrolytic Kinetic Resolution (2013)

In the (salen)Co(III)-catalyzed hydrolytic kinetic resolution (HKR) of terminal epoxides, the rate- and stereoselectivity-determining epoxide ring-opening step occurs by a cooperative bimetallic mechanism with one Co(III) complex acting as a Lewis acid and another serving to deliver the hydroxide nucleophile. In this paper, we analyze the basis for the extraordinarily high stereoselectivity and broad substrate scope observed in the HKR. We demonstrate that the stereochemistry of each of the two (salen)Co(III) complexes in the rate-determining transition structure is important for productive catalysis: a measurable rate of hydrolysis occurs only if the absolute stereochemistry of each of these (salen)Co(III) complexes is the same. Experimental and computational studies provide strong evidence that stereochemical communication in the HKR is mediated by the stepped conformation of the salen ligand, and not the shape of the chiral diamine backbone of the ligand. A detailed computational analysis reveals that the epoxide binds the Lewis acidic Co(III) complex in a well-defined geometry imposed by stereoelectronic rather than steric effects. This insight serves as the basis of a complete stereochemical and transition structure model that sheds light on the reasons for the broad substrate generality of the HKR.
Optical Coherence Tomography Angiography of Dry Age-Related Macular Degeneration (2016)

Optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA) can be used to visualize alterations in the choriocapillaris of patients with dry age-related macular degeneration (AMD). These changes seem to be present during all stages of the disease. Earlier stages are associated with patchy thinning of the choriocapillaris, while geographic atrophy is associated with loss of choriocapillaris lying under the area of geographic atrophy and asymmetric alteration of choriocapillaris at the margins of the geographic atrophy. The use of high-speed, long-wave-length swept-source OCT for angiography, with its better penetration into the choroid and high acquisition speeds, enable OCTA with scaled slowest detectable flow and fastest distinguishable flow. This will enable us to better investigate choriocapillaris changes in patients with dry AMD. The ability to image the choriocapillaris structure and flow impairments may be useful in the future for detecting and monitoring the progression of dry AMD and for monitoring treatment responses in clinical trials to therapies that target disease progression in dry AMD.
Transparent Conducting Films of Antimony‐Doped Tin Oxide with Uniform Mesostructure Assembled from Preformed Nanocrystals (2010)

Transparent conducting films of antimony-doped tin oxide (ATO) with a uniform 3D mesostructure are prepared by self-assembly of crystalline ATO nanoparticles directed by commercially available Pluronic copolymers. The high electrical conductivity and uniform accessible mesoporosity combined with a simple and generally applicable preparation procedure make the developed ATO films promising nanostructured transparent electrodes for various optoelectronic applications. Detailed facts of importance to specialist readers are published as ”Supporting Information”. Such documents are peer-reviewed, but not copy-edited or typeset. They are made available as submitted by the authors. Please note: The publisher is not responsible for the content or functionality of any supporting information supplied by the authors. Any queries (other than missing content) should be directed to the corresponding author for the article.
Novel lithium Schiff-base cluster complexes as electron injectors: synthesis, crystal structure, thin film characterisation and their performance in OLEDs (2012)

A set of novel lithium Schiff base cluster compounds has been synthesised and characterised for the first time and tested as electron injectors in OLED devices. Their electrical, electronic, thermal and optical properties have been investigated and compared with the industry standards LiF and lithium quinolinolate (LiQ). Amongst the compounds tested, lithium 2-((o-tolylimino)methyl) phenolate was found to enhance the efficiency of OLEDs by 69% compared to LiF and 15% compared to LiQ. The same electron injector was found to extend the lifetimes of OLEDs by six-fold compared to LiF and 4.3-fold compared to LiQ respectively. The crystal structure of the parent compound, lithium 2-((phenylamino)methyl)phenolate reveals that the compound is tetrameric in contrast to hexameric LiQ. Substituting the methyl group with fluorine causes a remarkable depression of the HOMO and LUMO levels by up to 1.2 eV. Analysis of current density vs. voltage characteristics of single-layer devices for Li–Al/electron injector/Li–Al and Al/electron injector/Al reveals that both sets of devices are operating as electron-only devices indicating that the formation of free lithium is the cause of enhanced electron injection, but either the energetic aluminium atoms (as proposed previously by other workers) or energetic lithium complexes on an aluminium surface (as we have demonstrated in this paper) are all that is required for efficient electron injection.
Preparation and improved electrochemical performance of SiCN–graphene composite derived from poly(silylcarbondiimide) as Li-ion battery anode (2014)

A SiCN–graphene nanocomposite anode material is designed and synthesized by the insertion of graphene sheets into the ceramic network of silicon carbonitride for the development of structurally and electrochemically stable lithium ion batteries. SiCN–graphene composite synthesis was achieved through controlled pyrolysis of poly(silylcarbondiimide)-derived SiCN on graphene surfaces that resulted in formation of a graphene supported ceramic SiCN–graphene architecture, in which graphene works as the layered base supporting the SiCN clusters. SiCN–graphene anode showed a stable charge–discharge capacity of 475.1 mA h g−1 after 100 cycles at a current density of 40 mA g−1, which is 6.2 times that of bare SiCN anode (76.1 mA h g−1). The average coulombic efficiency (excluding the first cycle loss) was 97.93%. Moreover, SiCN–graphene anode showed improved high-rate capability. At 2 C rate (a current density of 800 mA g−1), the capacity of SiCN–graphene was above 260 mA h g−1, while the bare SiCN was observed to be only 2.3 mA h g−1 at the same charge–discharge condition. Improved electrochemical performances of SiCN–graphene are attributed to the presence of graphene which works as the supporting layers to stabilize the SiCN matrix and alleviate the expansion of material structure during charge–discharge cycling.
Matching GPS traces to (possibly) incomplete map data (2012)

Analysis of geographic data often requires matching GPS traces to road segments. Unfortunately, map data is often incomplete, resulting in failed or incorrect matches. In this paper, we extend an HMM map-matching algorithm to handle missing blocks. We test our algorithm using map data from the Cyclopath geowiki and GPS traces from Cyclopath's mobile app. Even for conservative cutoff distances, our algorithm found a significant amount of missing data per set of GPS traces. We tested the algorithm for accuracy by removing existing blocks from our map dataset. As the cutoff distance was lowered, false negatives were decreased from 34% to 16% as false positives increased from 5% to 10%. Although the algorithm degrades with increasing amounts of missing data, our results show that our extensions have the potential to improve both map matches and map data.