gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Printing with Ink Mist Ejected by Ultrasonic Waves (1999)

A novel ink jet printing technology using ink mist jet has been developed. It enables multilevel printing within a single dot because a density controllable cluster of fine ink droplets is formed by focused ultrasonic waves.The ultrasonic wave radiated into an ink chamber is reflected by the parabolic chamber wall and focused on a nozzle hole. Under the suitable driving condition of the ultrasonic transducer, a traveling surface wave is generated at the ink meniscus and it separates many fine ink droplets at the peak point of the wave. The density of the cluster can be controlled by changing the number of ultrasonic waves within the interval to achieve one dot printing.We have obtained a print sample with reduced graininess using a prototype print head employing a 10 MHz transducer, which produces ink droplets with an average diameter of 2.5 μm. We also confirmed a basic performance having a maximum optical density of 2.3, 32 controllable gray levels and a resolution of 300 dpi using glossy paper with a dot frequency of 2 kHz.
Polarization Drift Channel Model for Coherent Fibre-Optic Systems (2015)

A theoretical framework is introduced to model the dynamical changes of the state of polarization during transmission in coherent fibre-optic systems. The model generalizes the one-dimensional phase noise random walk to higher dimensions, accounting for random polarization drifts, emulating a random walk on the Poincar\'e sphere, which has been successfully verified using experimental data. The model is described in the Jones, Stokes and real four-dimensional formalisms, and the mapping between them is derived. Such a model will be increasingly important in simulating and optimizing future systems, where polarization-multiplexed transmission and sophisticated digital signal processing will be natural parts. The proposed polarization drift model is the first of its kind as prior work either models polarization drift as a deterministic process or focuses on polarization-mode dispersion in systems where the state of polarization does not affect the receiver performance. We expect the model to be useful in a wide-range of photonics applications where stochastic polarization fluctuation is an issue.
The honeybee <i>Apis mellifera</i> contributes to <i>Cucumber green mottle mosaic virus</i> spread via pollination (2017)

The tobamovirus Cucumber green mottle mosaic virus ( CGMMV ) is efficiently transmitted between plants by mechanical contact. So far, no clear evidence has been reported regarding the transmission potential of the virus by beneficial pollinator insects. This study examined the capability of the well‐known pollinator honeybee Apis mellifera to transmit CGMMV in cucurbits using melon and cucumber plants as a model. In order to provide a clear answer to that question, five experiments were designed on various scales performed under three environmental conditions. The results show that under protected cropping conditions, CGMMV is transmitted by the honeybees. The location of the beehive in relation to both the CGMMV primary inoculum source and the healthy plants during honeybee foraging plays an important role in the efficiency of CGMMV spread. Furthermore, in the presence of early stage CGMMV ‐inoculated plants, the efficiency of CGMMV spread to uninoculated plants placed on the honeybees’ path to the beehive may increase. To the authors’ knowledge, CGMMV transmission by honeybees has not yet been shown, and this study can be adopted for other tobamovirus related research.
Development of a Mechanistic Understanding of High-Temperature Deformation of Alloy EP-823: AAA Task-10 Quarterly (03/01, 2002 –05/31, 2002) Report (2002)

The objective of this task is to evaluate the elevated temperature tensile properties of Alloy EP-823, a leading target material for accelerator-driven waste transmutation applications. The test material will be thermally treated prior to evaluation of its tensile properties at temperatures relevant to the transmutation applications. The deformation characteristics of tensile specimens, upon completion of testing, will be evaluated by surface analytical techniques including scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The overall results are expected to provide a mechanistic understanding of high-temperature deformation behavior of Alloy EP-823 as a function of heat treatment.\nHighlights of Accomplishment\n• Smooth tensile specimens of Alloy EP-823 have been machined from heat-treated round bars processed by the Timken Company, Canton, Ohio. Ambient temperature mechanical properties are currently being evaluated using the existing MTS unit in TBE B150.\n• The high-temperature and inert gas chamber with extension rod assembly, system software and extensometer that were ordered during this past quarter to perform high-temperature mechanical testing of Alloy EP-823 has been installed in the existing MTS machine. Water and gas lines are currently being connected to this experimental system.\n• An IDR is being prepared to receive a quotation from the UNLV Planning & Construction (PC) Department to add a 220-V power line for high-temperature testing inside the installed chamber.
Transition metal catalyzed reactions of borazine: New synthetic routes to boron nitride ceramics (1989)

Transition metal catalyzed reactions of borazine were investigated and found to produce a variety of synthetic transformations that resulted in the production of several new borazine containing monomeric and polymeric materials. The use of the borazine based polymers as precursors to boron nitride ceramics was also investigated. The transition metal reagents RhH(CO)(PPh$\\sb3$)$\\sb3$, IrCl(CO)(PPh$\\sb3$)$\\sb2$, and PdBr$\\sb2$ were found to activate the B-H bonds of borazine for either alkyne-addition or olefin-dehydrocoupling reactions. Thus, borazine with the complexes RhH(CO)(PPh$\\sb3$)$\\sb3$ and IrCl(CO)(PPh$\\sb3$)$\\sb2$ in the presence of a variety of alkynes such as acetylene, propyne, 1-butyne and 2-butyne resulted in the previously unknown B-(RHC=CR$\\sp\\prime$)-B$\\sb3$N$\\sb3$H$\\sb5$ (R, R$\\sp\\prime$ = H, Me, or Et). For reactions employing Rh(CO)(PPh$\\sb3$)$\\sb3$, typical yields of B-alkenylborazines range from 70-85% with the catalyst undergoing 25-50 turnovers an hour. Palladium bromide was found to catalyze the dehydrocoupling reactions of either borazine or N-trimethylborazine with olefins, such as ethylene and propene, to give the corresponding B-alkenyl and B-alkylborazine products. B-alkenylborazines readily undergo thermally induced polymerization to produce insoluble poly(B-alkenylborazines). Soluble, low molecular weight ($<$1500) oligomers were formed when the thermal polymerization was carried out in the presence of additional borazine. The ceramic conversion reactions of both the soluble and insoluble polymers were explored, and resulted in a ceramic material which, depending upon the polymer and pyrolysis conditions, ranged from black, high carbon materials to white, crystalline h-boron nitride. In all cases, the polymer/ceramic conversions were found to take place with both high ceramic and chemical yields. RhCl(PPh$\\sb3$)$\\sb3$ and PtBr$\\sb2$ were found to promote the dehydrocoupling reactions of borazine to produce B-N coupled 1,2$\\sp\\prime$-(B$\\sb3$N$\\sb3$H$\\sb5$)$\\sb2$ in low to moderate yields (20-50%). Dehydrocoupling reactions of borazine in the presence of excess B$\\sb5$H$\\sb9$ were found to result in the previously unknown 1,2$\\sp\\prime$-(B$\\sb5$H$\\sb8$)(B$\\sb3$N$\\sb3$H$\\sb5$) and 2,2$\\sp\\prime$-(B$\\sb5$H$\\sb8$)(B$\\sb3$N$\\sb3$H$\\sb5$) mixed dimers. The dehydropolymerization reactions of borazine in the presence of a catalytic amount of Cp$\\sb2$TiMe$\\sb2$ were also investigated and found to produce low molecular weight ($\\sim$1700) poly(borazine) polymers. Pyrolysis of these polymers produced boron nitride in both high ceramic and chemical yield.
A Red-Shifted Chlorophyll (2010)

Chlorophylls are essential for light-harvesting and energy transduction in photosynthesis. Four chemically distinct varieties have been known for the past 60 years. Here we report isolation of a fifth, which we designate chlorophyll f. Its in vitro absorption (706 nanometers) and fluorescence (722 nanometers) maxima are red-shifted compared to all other chlorophylls from oxygenic phototrophs. On the basis of the optical, mass, and nuclear magnetic resonance spectra, we propose that chlorophyll f is [2-formyl]-chlorophyll a (C55H70O6N4Mg). This finding suggests that oxygenic photosynthesis can be extended further into the infrared region and may open associated bioenergy applications.
A high-resolution tail-capacitor based tuning scheme for LC-DCO (2015)

This paper presents a high resolution tuning scheme for the LC digitally-controlled-oscillator (DCO) based on desensitized tail capacitance tuning. The sensitivity of the oscillation frequency to the tail capacitance is quantitatively analyzed. The impact of the tail capacitance on the phase noise is qualitatively discussed. Our analysis and simulation results show that both the phase noise and the resolution can be improved simultaneously if the tail capacitance value is properly designed. A 2.4 GHz DCO designed in 65-nm CMOS technology is simulated for demonstration. The tuning resolution can be improved by a factor of 20, and the phase noise at 1 MHz offset can be improved by 2 dB.
A Greater Variability in the 3′ Flanking Region of the IL-6 Gene in Patients with Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE) (1996)

The causes of the aberrant constitutive expression of cytokines in SLE have not been elucidated yet, but alterations in cytokine gene structure could be a contributing factor. By RFLP (Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism) analysis of genomic DNA, we found a higher incidence of allelic, higher MW XbaI bands in the IL-6 genes of 9/57 SLE patients vs 1/36 unrelated controls (p = 0.05) HLA DR/DQ typing of the polymorphic patients revealed they were all DQ beta 6. The study of one family indicated that the XbaI polymorphic patient and her polymorphic unaffected offspring had higher than normal levels of constitutive IL-6 mRNA. The SLE-associated IL-6 XbaI restriction alleles had duplications of AT-repeat sequences, approximately 500 bp downstream of the 2nd polyadenylation site, in an AT-rich mini-satellite with similarities to Matrix Associated Regions (MARs), that may be important in DNA replication and in gene expression. These are novel observations that suggest that, in SLE, there is increased variability in the 3' flanking region of the IL-6 gene. This variability may be related to the aberrant IL-6 expression that was reported by us and others in this disease.
Heart Rate Variability in Children With Obstructive Sleep Apnea (1997)

Adults with obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS) display substantial heart rate changes associated with obstructive events, and recent reports suggest similar heart rate changes in children with OSAS. These rate changes could assist screening of young patients for OSAS. Six-hour polysomnographic recordings were obtained from seven children with OSAS (mean age: 4.5 years; apnea index: 19.5 +/- 5.1) and from seven primary snorers without OSAS who served as controls (mean age: 4.7; apnea index: 0). Scatterplots of each cardiac R-R interval against the preceding interval (Poincaré plots) were used to assess beat-to-beat cardiac variability at different heart rates. Beat-to-beat variation at slow rates was significantly increased in children with OSAS relative to controls, while variation at fast and intermediate heart rates was significantly reduced in these children. We conclude that OSAS alters beat-to-beat variation in characteristic fashions in children, that the variability changes occur at all heart rates but are most significant at slow heart rates, and that these heart rate patterns could assist in screening of suspected cases of OSAS.
A Response Surface Methodology Approach to Study the Influence of Specifications or Model Parameters on the Multiobjective Optimal Design of Isolated DC–DC Converters (2012)

Nowadays, the use of mathematical optimization techniques to design power converters has become more and more attractive. This paper goes a step further in studying the influence of some specifications (e.g., the input voltage of the converter) or model parameters (e.g., the transformer heat-transfer coefficient) on the multiobjective optimal design of isolated dc-dc converters. A response surface methodology (RSM) approach is used in combination with a multiobjective optimal design tool dedicated to such power converters and using genetic algorithms. At each time, two factors are studied while two response variables are of interest, namely, the power loss and the weight of the converter. The pairs of factors are: the input voltage and the output power, the current and voltage ripples (through the inductor and across the capacitor of the output filter), and, finally, the convection heat-transfer coefficient and the maximal isolation transformer temperature. It should be pointed out that the full-bridge topology is considered in this paper but the proposed methodology is easily applicable to other topologies. It can also be extended to study other factors or other responses of interest.
Development of a titanium/boron blending process (2022)

Efforts to develop a titanium-boron pyrotechnic mixture for a heat source component are described. After a supposedly good blending procedure had been specified, a problem developed. Allegedly identical Ti/B blends exhibited differences in behavior. Extensive analytical characterization of the two blends and experiments designed to determine whether the differences could be related to moisture failed to solve the problem. However, mild grinding was found to activate Ti/B. A stereomicroscope examination revealed the existence of micro-inhomogeneities, which were different in the two blends. A laboratory experiment showed that differences in humidity at the time of blending explains how the two identical'' blends became different. The extent to which ball-milling removes the inhomogeneities is shown. Problems associated with the scale-up of ball-milling to production quantities are identified. The effectiveness of a twin-shell blender with a pin intensifier is described. Another problem that developed in the latter stages of the program was that the Ti/2B mole ratio blend was judged to be too hot for the component application. The success of tailoring blend output by addition of Al{sub 2}O{sub 3} as a diluent is described. 5 refs., 2 figs.
Serum Levels of Ficolin-3 (Hakata Antigen) in Patients with Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (2009)

The elevation of S-ficolin-3 and its association with specific manifestations in SLE may indicate a pathogenetic role of ficolin-3 in SLE.
Dual C–F, C–H Functionalization via Photocatalysis: Access to Multifluorinated Biaryls (2016)

Multifluorinated biaryls are challenging to synthesize and yet are an important class of molecules. Because of the difficulty associated with selective fluorination, this class of molecules represent a formidable synthetic challenge. An alternative approach to selective fluorination of biaryls is to couple an arene that already possesses C-F bonds in the desired location. This strategy has been regularly utilized and relies heavily on traditional cross-coupling strategies that employ organometallics and halides (or pseudohalides) in order to achieve the coupling. Herein we report conditions for the photocatalytic coupling via direct functionalization of the C-F bond of a perfluoroarene and C-H bond of the other arene to provide an expedient route to multifluorinated biaryls. The mild conditions and good functional group tolerance enable a broad scope, including access to the anti-Minisci product of basic heterocycles. Finally, we demonstrate the value of the C-F functionalization approach by utilizing the high fluorine content to systematically build complex biaryls containing between two and five Caryl-F bonds via the synergistic use of photocatalysis and SNAr chemistry.
Clinical analysis of obstructive sleep apnea hypopnea syndrome in children (2015)

A case of obstructive sleep apnea hypopnea syndrome (OSAHS) in the Department of Otolaryngology of the Third Affiliated Hospital of Inner Mongolia Medical School was collected. The incidence of this disease is high, which seriously threatens the physical and mental health of children, but it has not been paid enough attention by medical workers and parents. We hope we can make early discovery and treatment, relieve upper airway obstruction factors, prevent and treat complications for children with OSAHS through the case analysis, so as to improve their quality of life.
Assigning Weights to Training Instances Increases Classification Accuracy (2013)

The decision tree (DT) approach is most useful in classification problem. In conventional decision tree learning the weights of every training instances are set to one or equal value, which contradicts general intuition. In this paper, we proposed a new decision tree learning algorithm by assigning appropriate weights to each training instance in the training data that increases classification accuracy of the decision tree model. The main advantage of this proposed approach is to set appropriate weights to training instances using nave Bayesian classifier before trying to construct the decision tree. In our approach the training instances are assigned to weight values based on the posterior probability. The training instances having less weight values are either noisy or posses unique characteristics compared to other training instances. The experimental results manifest that the proposed approach for decision tree construction can achieve high classification accuracy with compare to traditional decision tree algorithms on different types of benchmark datasets from UCI machine learning repository.
A New Antitumor Agent Amrubicin Induces Cell Growth Inhibition by Stabilizing Topoisomerase II‐DNA Complex (1998)

Amrubicin is a novel, completely synthetic 9-aminoanthracycline derivative. Amrubicin and its C-13 alcohol metabolite, amrubicinol, inhibited purified human DNA topoisomerase II (topo II). Compared with doxorubicin (DXR), amrubicin and amrubicinol induced extensive DNA-protein complex formation and double-strand DNA breaks in CCRF-CEM cells and KU-2 cells. In this study, we found that ICRF-193, a topo II catalytic inhibitor, antagonized both DNA-protein complex formation and double-strand DNA breaks induced by amrubicin and amrubicinol. Coordinately, cell growth inhibition induced by amrubicin and amrubicinol, but not that induced by DXR, was antagonized by ICRF-193. Taken together, these findings indicate that the cell growth-inhibitory effects of amrubicin and amrubicinol are due to DNA-protein complex formation followed by double-strand DNA breaks, which are mediated by topo II.
Sol-Hydrothermal Synthesis and Hydrothermally Structural Evolution of Nanocrystal Titanium Dioxide (2002)

A sol-hydrothermal method has been proposed to prepare uniform and unaggregated nanocrystals of pure anatase and rutile from various acidic mediums. The phase formation, particle sizes, and morphologies varying with different acids and their concentrations at different reaction temperatures and times have been investigated using X-ray diffraction and transmission electron microscopy. The use of HCl and the effect of its concentrations on the formation of rutile phase at different temperatures for various reaction times have been described in detail. The effect of the addition of NaCl salt on particle sizes and rutile fractions has also been studied. In this work, the phase transformation from anatase to rutile in the presence of and the absence of NaCl salt has been considered both in neutral and in acidic mediums. The presence of a trace rutile in starting materials of anatase can show obvious effects on the phase transformation under hydrothermal conditions.
Spectral response based calibration method of Tristimulus colorimeters (1998)

A new method is described to calibrate tristimulus colorimeters for high accuracy color measurements. Instead of traditional lamp standards, modern, high accuracy detector standards are suggested for calibration. After high accuracy absolute spectral response determination of the tristimulus receivers, color (spectral) correction and peak (amplitude) normalization can minimize uncertainties caused by imperfect realizations of the Commission Internationale de l'Eclairage (CIE) color matching functions. As a result of the corrections, stable light sources of different spectral power distributions can be measured with an accuracy dominated by the sub tenths of a percent uncertainty of novel spectral response determinations.
Does recombinant adeno-associated virus-vectored proximal region of mouse rhodopsin promoter support only rod-type specific expression in vivo? (2006)

Subretinal delivery of rAAV5 harboring a reporter gene driven by mOP500 results in passenger gene expression in both rod and cones, indicating that this promoter is photoreceptor-specific but not rod-specific. The lack of photoreceptor subtype-specificity suggests that although cones do not express the NRL and NR2E3 trans-factors considered necessary for activation of mOP500, other general transcription factors in cones may compensate.
A protein complex mediating mRNA degradation in <i>Escherichia coli</i> (1994)

mRNA degradation in Escherichia coli is mediated by a combination of exo- and endoribonucleases. We present evidence for a multiprotein complex which includes at least two enzymes that play important roles in mRNA degradation: the exoribonuclease polynucleotide phosphorylase (PNPase) and the endoribonuclease RNase E. An activity which impedes the processive activity of PNPase at stem-loop structures also appears to be associated with the complex. This complex is estimated to have a molecular mass of about 500 kDa and includes several additional polypeptides whose functions are unknown. The identification of a complex which includes several activities associated with mRNA degradation has implications for the mechanisms and co-ordinated control of mRNA degradation.
Extended-Release Dosage Forms (2020)

First Published in 1987, this book offers a full, comprehensive guide to the process of administering the correct dosage in medicine. Carefully compiled and filled with a vast repertoire of notes, diagrams, and references this book serves as a useful reference for students of medicine, and other practitioners in their respective fields.
Lithography technology and trends for More than Moore devices: advanced packaging and MEMS devices (2018)

Lithography requirements for Advanced Packaging & MEMS are very different compared to mainstream semiconductor industries’ needs. Even if the market entry barrier is much lower in the “More than Moore” market, customer adoptions needs are higher in the packaging area with respect to resolution, overlay, sidewall angle, and depth of focus (DOF), wafer handling for wafer bow and backside alignment. Key technical trends, requirements and challenges regarding the lithography technologies will be addressed in this paper. In addition, more insights on the current and emerging lithography methods for More than Moore devices will be included, as well as market forecast, competitive landscape of the major equipment suppliers addressing these fields.