gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Advances in Estimating Heavy Oil Viscosity from Magnetic Resonance Data (2013)

Summary Heavy oil production economics depend on several factors, one of the most important of which is oil viscosity. Borehole nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) is routinely used to estimate the viscosity of light oil, even when it is mixed with water in the pore space of reservoir rock. However, commonly employed NMR viscosity estimation methods are inadequate when applied to Canadian heavy oil reservoirs. Published correlations for estimation of heavy oil viscosity are not universally applicable since the results of NMR measurements in heavy oil depend on the properties of the oil and details of data acquisition and processing techniques. Thus NMR-viscosity correlations must be customized for specific data acquisition and processing details. Application of customized viscosity relationships to borehole NMR measurements requires isolation of the oil signal from the total NMR signal. Methodologies for isolating the oil signal from the log data are discussed and Canadian log examples are used to illustrate the utility of the correlations.
Approximations for the renewal function (1998)

This paper describes an accurate, computable approximation for evaluating the renewal function (RF). The method uses Pade approximants to compute the RF near the origin and switches to the asymptotic values farther from the origin. There is a polynomial switch-over function in terms of the coefficient of variation of the distribution, enabling one to determine a priori if the asymptotic value can be used instead of computing the Pade approximant. The results are tested with the truncated Gaussian distribution. The method yields a set of approximants to the RF that are re-usable, and can be used to compute the derivative and the integral of the RF. Results for the RF are within 1% of the optimal solution for most coefficients of variation.
Performance analysis of phasor estimation algorithms for a FDD-UMTS RAKE receiver (2002)

The performance of phasor estimation algorithms for the UMTS RAKE receiver are analysed. Due to the need of covering a wide range of possible mobile speeds and spreading factors, two different algorithms are considered, namely a LMS-Kalman type algorithm, and a Wiener filter. The Wiener filter is considered both, as a predictor and a smother. It is shown that the simpler LMS-Kalman predictor is particularly suited for low mobile speeds and low spreading factors, whereas higher speeds and/or higher spreading factors require the usage of the more complex Wiener filter. Furthermore, the very high spreading factors (128-512) require the usage of the common pilot channel in order to facilitate smoothing instead of prediction.
Standardization of the experimental autoimmune myasthenia gravis (EAMG) model by immunization of rats with Torpedo californica acetylcholine receptors — Recommendations for methods and experimental designs (2015)

Myasthenia gravis (MG) with antibodies against the acetylcholine receptor (AChR) is characterized by a chronic, fatigable weakness of voluntary muscles. The production of autoantibodies involves the dysregulation of T cells which provide the environment for the development of autoreactive B cells. The symptoms are caused by destruction of the postsynaptic membrane and degradation of the AChR by IgG autoantibodies, predominantly of the G1 and G3 subclasses. Active immunization of animals with AChR from mammalian muscles, AChR from Torpedo or Electrophorus electric organs, and recombinant or synthetic AChR fragments generates a chronic model of MG, termed experimental autoimmune myasthenia gravis (EAMG). This model covers cellular mechanisms involved in the immune response against the AChR, e.g. antigen presentation, T cell-help and regulation, B cell selection and differentiation into plasma cells. Our aim is to define standard operation procedures and recommendations for the rat EAMG model using purified AChR from the Torpedo californica electric organ, in order to facilitate more rapid translation of preclinical proof of concept or efficacy studies into clinical trials and, ultimately, clinical practice.
First example of a non-toxic thermochromic polymer material – based on a novel mechanism (2013)

Until now, all thermochromic materials have contained at least one toxic or carcinogenic component which is a major shortcoming for their application especially in medical or food technology products. This paper describes the development of the first non-toxic and non-carcinogenic thermochromic polymer material. The material consists of the biopolymer poly(lactic acid) (PLA), a natural dye of the anthocyanidine class, a gallate derivative and a fatty acid. The origin of the observed thermochromic effect is a conformational change of the polymer backbone which reversibly triggers the formation of polymer–dye complexes. Accordingly thermochromism represents an immanent property of the novel polymer material. The presented results establish a novel mechanism to realize the visualization of temperature changes in a way detectable by the human eye without any kind of auxiliary and provide a new approach for the development of thermochromic materials.
Anthranilic Acid Amides:  A Novel Class of Antiangiogenic VEGF Receptor Kinase Inhibitors (2002)

Two readily synthesized anthranilamide, VEGF receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitors have been prepared and evaluated as angiogenesis inhibitors. 2-[(4-Pyridyl)methyl]amino-N-[3-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]benzamide (5) and N-3-isoquinolinyl-2-[(4-pyridinylmethyl)amino]benzamide (7) potently and selectively inhibit recombinant VEGFR-2 and VEGFR-3 kinases. As a consequence of their physicochemical properties, these anthranilamides readily penetrate cells and are absorbed following once daily oral administration to mice. Both 5 and 7 potently inhibit VEGF-induced angiogenesis in an implant model, with ED(50) values of 7 mg/kg. In a mouse orthotopic model of melanoma, 5 and 7 potently inhibited both the growth of the primary tumor as well as the formation of spontaneous peripheral metastases. The anthranilamides 5 and 7 represent a new structural class of VEGFR kinase inhibitors, which possess potent antiangiogenic and antitumor properties.
Pneumatic angle adjustment for magic angle spinning spherical rotors (2021)

Precise alignment of the sample's spinning axis is vital for many magic angle spinning solid state NMR experiments. Spherical rotors are a new paradigm for magic angle spinning NMR, having been demonstrated to spin stably with little risk of rotor crash, but like cylindrical rotors, they have previously only utilized a mechanical adjustment method to set the sample's rotation axis to the magic angle. Here we show that by using a second gas aperture within the stator, a spherical rotor's axis of rotation may be precisely pitched about the magic angle without mechanical adjustment or motion of the stator. The 2H MAS sideband lineshape of the carboxylic acid deuteron resonance in d4-malonic acid is used as a measure of the rotor's absolute deviation above or below the magic angle by comparing the experimental data to simulated lineshapes. We observe a linear, monotonic relationship between the angle adjustment gas flow rate and the rotor's pitch angle, which is also accompanied by an increase in spinning rate. Precise and in operando control of the spinning axis angle is expected to have considerable advantages to future implementation of MAS within narrow-bore magnets, and for variable angle spinning (VAS) and dynamic angle spinning (DAS) experiments.
Preparation of Indium Tin Oxide Nanoparticle‐modified 3‐Aminopropyltrimethoxysilane‐functionalized Indium Tin Oxide Electrode for Electrochemical Sulfide Detection (2017)

Abstract A sulfide sensor based on an indium tin oxide nanoparticle (ITONP)‐modified ITO electrode was developed. To prepare ITONP‐modified ITO, various methods were tested. Drop‐drying of ITONPs (aq.) on aminopropyltrimethoxysilane‐functionalized ITO (APTMS/ITO) was found to be the best method on the basis of voltammetric analysis of the sulfide ion. ITONP‐modified APTMS/ITO (ITONP/APTMS/ITO) yielded much better electrocatalytic properties toward sulfide electro‐οxidation than did bare or APTMS/ITO electrodes. The ITONPs and ITONP‐modified ITO were also characterized using transmission electron microscopy and field emission scanning electron microscopy, respectively. Optimization of the type of inert electrolyte and pH yielded an ITONP/APTMS/ITO detector whose amperometrically and chronocoulοmetrically determined limits of detection for sulfide were 3.0 μM and 0.90 μM, respectively. ITONP/APTMS/ITO electrodes displayed reproducible performance, were highly stable, and were not susceptible to interference by common contaminants. Thus, the developed electrode can be considered as a promising tool for sensing sulfide.
Photocatalytic Post-Treatment in waste Water Reclamation Systems (1989)

<div class="htmlview paragraph">An ultraviolet driven photocatalytic post-treatment technique for the purification of waste water distillates, reverse osmosis permeates and spacecraft habitat atmospheric humidity condensates is described. Experimental results show that organic impurity carbon content of simulated reclamation waters at nominal 40 PPM level are reduced to, PPB using a recirculating batch reactor. The organic impurities common to reclaimed waste waters are completely oxidized employing minimum expendables (stoichiometric oxygen). This paper discusses test results and parametric data obtained for design and fabrication of a breadboard system. The parametric testing includes UV light source evaluation, photolysis vs photocatalysis comparison, oxygen concentration dependence, temperature dependence, reactor mixing, disinfection features, photocatalyst loading, photocatalyst degradation studies and power consumption estimates. This novel post-treatment approach for waste water reclamation shows potential for integration with closed-loop life support systems.</div>
Cloning, nucleotide sequence determination and expression of the genes encoding cytochrome P‐450<sub>soy</sub> and ferredoxin<sub>soy</sub> (<i>soyB</i>) from <i>Streptomyces griseus</i> (1992)

Xenobiotic transformation by Streptomyces griseus (ATCC13273) is catalysed by a cytochrome P-450, designated cytochrome P-450soy. A DNA segment carrying the structural gene encoding P-450soy (soyC) was cloned using an oligonucleotide probe constructed from the protein sequence of a tryptic peptide. Following DNA sequencing the deduced amino acid sequence of P-450soy was compared with that for P-450cam, revealing conservation of important structural components including the haem pocket. Expression of the cloned soyC gene product was demonstrated in Streptomyces lividans by reduced CO:difference spectral analysis and Western blotting. Downstream of soyC, a gene encoding a putative [3Fe-4S] ferredoxin (soyB), named ferredoxinsoy, was identified.
Group Authentication Using The Naccache-Stern Public-Key Cryptosystem (2003)

A group authentication protocol authenticates pre-defined groups of individuals such that: - No individual is identified - No knowledge of which groups can be successfully authenticated is known to the verifier - No sensitive data is exposed The paper presents a group authentication protocol based on splitting the private keys of the Naccache-Stern public-key cryptosystem in such a way that the Boolean expression defining the authenticable groups is implicit in the split.
A delay metric for RC circuits based on the Weibull distribution (2002)

Physical design optimizations such as placement, interconnect synthesis, floorplanning, and routing require fast and accurate analysis of RC networks. Because of its simple close form and fast evaluation, the Elmore delay metric has been widely adopted. The recently proposed delay metrics PRIMO and H-gamma match the first three circuit moments to the probability density function of a gamma statistical distribution. Although these methods demonstrate impressive accuracy compared to other delay metrics, their implementations tend to be challenging. As an alternative to matching to the gamma distribution, we propose to match the first two circuit moments to a Weibull distribution. The result is a new delay metric called Weibull based Delay (WED). The primary advantages of WED over PRIMO and H-gamma are its efficiency and ease of implementation. Experiments show that WED is robust and has satisfactory accuracies at both near- and far-end nodes.
Physical properties of isobutylene based block copolymers (2000)

Abstract Physical, mechanical and thermal properties of a new class of isobutylene based model block copolymers are studied and contrasted with those of traditional thermoplastic elastomers based on polydienes and saturated polydienes (polyolefins) such as Kraton (or Vector) and Kraton G block copolymers. Melt state rheological and dynamic mechanical measurements confirm that thermodynamic interactions between polystyrene (S) and polyisobutylene (iB) or poly‐p‐tert‐butylstyrene (tbS) and iB are comparable to, if not larger than, those between S and polybutadiene (B) or S and ethylene/butene‐1 copolymer (EB). Physical properties for the S‐iB‐S and tbS‐iB‐tbS block copolymers, particularly the injection‐moldability and cut‐growth characteristics, are found to be considerably different from those found for the S‐B‐S and S‐EB‐S systems. We attribute this behavior to the longer entanglement chain length of iB compared with those for B and EB.
Inter-Component Interference Reduction through Flexible Frequency Reuse in Integrated Mobile Satellite-Terrestrial System (2010)

International audience
Fluid flow volume measurements using a capacitance/conductance probe system (1995)

A probe system has been developed to measure the flow volume of a single fluid passing through an orifice or flow line. The system employs both capacitance and a conductance probe at the orifice, together with phase detection and data acquisition circuitry to measure flow volume and salinity under low or zero gravity conditions. A wide variety of frequencies can be used for the radio frequency (RF) signal source which is chosen primarily by the capacitance of the orifice probe and the fluid passing through the orifice. Rapid measurements are made using the reflected signal from the orifice probe to determine the 'instantaneous' permittivity of the fluid/gas mixture passing through. The 'instantaneous' measurements are integrated over time to determine flow volume. Analysis reveals that a narrow orifice helps to reduce non-linearities caused by differing flow rates. The geometry of 'deflectors' and 'directors' for the flowing fluid are important in obtaining linearity. Measured data shows that a volume measurement accuracy of approximately four percent can be consistently achieved. The prototype hardware system and associated software have been optimized and are available for further applications. The system has immediate application in low or zero gravity environments for measurements of urine or other liquid volumes.
A Putative Phosphatase, LSF1, Is Required for Normal Starch Turnover in Arabidopsis Leaves (2009)

A putative phosphatase, LSF1 (for LIKE SEX4; previously PTPKIS2), is closely related in sequence and structure to STARCH-EXCESS4 (SEX4), an enzyme necessary for the removal of phosphate groups from starch polymers during starch degradation in Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) leaves at night. We show that LSF1 is also required for starch degradation: lsf1 mutants, like sex4 mutants, have substantially more starch in their leaves than wild-type plants throughout the diurnal cycle. LSF1 is chloroplastic and is located on the surface of starch granules. lsf1 and sex4 mutants show similar, extensive changes relative to wild-type plants in the expression of sugar-sensitive genes. However, although LSF1 and SEX4 are probably both involved in the early stages of starch degradation, we show that LSF1 neither catalyzes the same reaction as SEX4 nor mediates a sequential step in the pathway. Evidence includes the contents and metabolism of phosphorylated glucans in the single mutants. The sex4 mutant accumulates soluble phospho-oligosaccharides undetectable in wild-type plants and is deficient in a starch granule-dephosphorylating activity present in wild-type plants. The lsf1 mutant displays neither of these phenotypes. The phenotype of the lsf1/sex4 double mutant also differs from that of both single mutants in several respects. We discuss the possible role of the LSF1 protein in starch degradation.
Color-preserving daytime radiative cooling (2013)

We introduce a general approach to radiatively lower the temperature of a structure, while preserving its color under sunlight. The cooling effect persists in the presence of considerable convective and conductive heat exchange and for different solar absorptances.
Optimization and implementation of a solid state high voltage pulse generator that produces fast rising nanosecond pulses (2011)

In this paper athree-stage pulse generator architecture capable of generating high voltage, high current pulses is reported and system issues are presented. Design choices and system dynamics are explained both qualitatively and quantitatively with discussion sections followed by the presentation of closed-form expressions and numerical analysis that provide insight into the system's operation. Analysis targeted at optimizing performance focuses on diode opening switch pumping, energy efficiency, and compensation of parasitic reactances. A compact system based on these design guidelines has been built to output 8 kV, 5 ns pulses into 50 Ω. Output risetimes below 1 ns have been achieved using two different compression techniques. At only 1.5 kg, this light and compact system shows promise for a variety of pulsed power applications requiring the long lifetime, low jitter performance of a solid state pulse generator that can produce fast, high voltage pulses at high repetition rates.
Chinese Multifont Recognition System (1987)

Since the input problem of Chinese character is the barrier of the integration of computer, Chinese and communication ( C & C & C ), we studied and developed a powerful Chinese multifont recognition system. In this system, the algorithm we developed can recognize at the same time in the same program different character styles. In the meantime, it can recognize characters of different sizes.
Probiotics and Skin Health (2012)

Certain probiotic strains alive exert their effects beyond the gut to the skin level and contribute to the reinforcement of the barrier function and the modulation of immune system.
Estimation of the Doppler Coefficient from a Lower Power Transient Observed in a Zero-Power Reactor Physics Test of a PWR (I)—Methodology— (2009)

A method for estimating the Doppler coefficient from low power transient data that are measured in a routine experiment conducted in a zero-power reactor physics test of a PWR power plant has been developed. A dynamics identification model was introduced by considering two dynamics components for reactor kinetics and heat removal in the primary coolant loops. The dynamics identification method in the time domain was applied under consideration that the effect of reactivity feedback observed in the experiment was very small and measured transient data contained some intermittent intervals unavailable for dynamics identification. Unknown parameters, including the Doppler coefficient, contained in the dynamics model were determined stepwise through five estimation steps. In these steps, gamma ray noises were removed from the NIS signal, the reactivity feedback component was extracted from reactivity transient, and fuel temperature transient was determined in such way as to reproduce the observed low power transient in the digital simulation. In the final step, the Doppler coefficient was estimated from the extracted reactivity feedback component using the quantities evaluated in the preceding steps. The estimated value agreed well with the value evaluated with a core design code.
Optofluidic Wavelength Division Multiplexing for Single Biomolecule Sensing (2016)

We discuss the use of multimode interferometer waveguides for spectrally and spatially multiplexed particle detection on optofluidic chips. Large signal-to-noise enhancements and differentiated detection of single influenza viruses are demonstrated.
Piezoelectric ceramics and composites via rapid prototyping techniques (1998)

Reviews the inherent advantages, i.e. design flexibility and processing, of manufacturing piezoelectric ceramics and composites with numerous architectures via rapid prototyping techniques. Reports on processing in which piezoelectric ceramics and composites with novel and conventional designs were fabricated using rapid prototyping techniques. Fused deposition of ceramics, fused deposition modeling, and Sanders prototyping techniques were used to fabricate lead‐zirconate‐titanate ceramics and ceramic/polymer composites via, first, direct fabrication and, second, indirect fabrication using either lost mold or soft tooling techniques.
Development of a Centrifugal Tensioned Metastable Fluid Detector Array to Detect SNM using Active Neutron Interrogation (2017)

A novel, portable, and lightweight active neutron interrogation system is under development by our collaboration incorporating a man-portable IEC based D-D neutron generator and Centrifugal Tensioned Metastable Fluid Detector (CTMFD) panels to enable the detection of SNM in cargos less than 1 m3. Threshold Energy Neutron Analysis (TENA) techniques are utilized to discriminate the ~2.5 MeV interrogation neutrons used to induce fission in a SNM target while remaining sensitive to the 25% to 30% of the fission spectrum emitted at energies >2.5 MeV. CTMFDs are ideal for TENA applications due to their inherent ability to selectively discriminate lower energy neutrons by tailoring the tensioned metastable negative pressure (P <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">neg</sub> ) state [1] and their proven gamma insensitivity (gamma intrinsic detection efficiency <;1×10 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">-9</sup> [2]-[4]). A small prototype panel of 6 CTMFD units, each with a ~16cm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3</sup> SV, was developed, constructed and evaluated with D-D, D-T, and 252Cf neutron sources. Initial experimentation with the prototype panel highlighted several areas capable of targeted improvement, and as a result the Lightweight(LW)-CTMFD was developed to meet these challenges. The resultant LW-CTMFD was then configured into a portable modular configuration consisting of 5× ~16cm3 SV units. Each module was targeted for operation in a stacked configuration resulting in a total of 15 × ~16cm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3</sup> SV LWCTMFD units per panel. Preliminary assessments indicate that an intrinsic detection efficiency ratio (ε <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">Cf</sub> :ε <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">DD</sub> ) of >10 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">4</sup> :1 is achievable with the LW-CTMFD at a Pneg of ~2.8 bar and becomes effectively infinite at lower Pneg indicating complete insensitivity to 2.5 MeV neutrons from the interrogation source. The construction of the LW-CTMFD module and the detailed results of experimentation indicate that the Modular LW-CTMFD system not only meets but also exceeds the design goals therefore enabling the detection of small quantities of HEU hidden in 1m <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3</sup> cargos within minutes.