gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Homogeneous catalytic carbonylation of nitroaromatics. 6. Synthesis and structure of two bis(carbamoyl) complexes of ruthenium (1994)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTHomogeneous catalytic carbonylation of nitroaromatics. 6. Synthesis and structure of two bis(carbamoyl) complexes of rutheniumJerry D. Gargulak and Wayne L. GladfelterCite this: Inorg. Chem. 1994, 33, 2, 253–257Publication Date (Print):January 1, 1994Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 January 1994https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ic00080a012https://doi.org/10.1021/ic00080a012research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views67Altmetric-Citations27LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (1)»Supporting Information Supporting Information Get e-Alerts
MultiLanes: providing virtualized storage for OS-level virtualization on many cores (2014)

OS-level virtualization is an efficient method for server consolidation. However, the sharing of kernel services among the co-located virtualized environments (VEs) incurs performance interference between each other. Especially, interference effects within the shared I/O stack would lead to severe performance degradations on many-core platforms incorporating fast storage technologies (e.g., non-volatile memories).This paper presents MultiLanes, a virtualized storage system for OS-level virtualization on many cores. Multi-Lanes builds an isolated I/O stack on top of a virtualized storage device for each VE to eliminate contention on kernel data structures and locks between them, thus scaling them to many cores. Moreover, the overhead of storage device virtualization is tuned to be negligible so that MultiLanes can deliver competitive performance against Linux. Apart from scalability, MultiLanes also delivers flexibility and security to all the VEs, as the virtualized storage device allows each VE to run its own guest file system.The evaluation of our prototype system built for Linux container (LXC) on a 16-core machine with a RAM disk demonstrates MultiLanes outperforms Linux by up to 11.32X and 11.75X in micro- and macro-benchmarks, and exhibits nearly linear scalability.
Additional Nitrogen Ion-Implantation Treatment in STI to Relax the Intrinsic Compressive Stress for n-MOSFETs (2012)

Based on the stress extraction and measurement by the atomic-force-microscope-Raman technique with nanometer-level space resolution, the high compressive stress about 700 MPa on the Si critical dimension (CD) is observed in the current complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor (CMOS) transistor. The difference of thermal expansion between Si and Shallow trench isolation (STI) oxide during the total thermal budget for the standard CMOS transistor manufacture process results in this high compressive stress in Si CD and will further degrade the electron carrier mobility about 25% seriously. In order to relax this intrinsic-processed compressive stress in Si CD and recover this device performance loss, the novel process is proposed in this paper in addition to the usage of one-side pad-SiN layer demonstrated in our previous work. With this novel process of additional nitrogen-ion implantation (IMP) treatment in STI oxide, it can be found that the less compressive stress in the Si CD can be achieved by the smaller difference of thermal expansion coefficients between Si and highly n-doped SiO <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> STI oxide. The formation of Si-N bonding in the STI-oxide region can be monitored by Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy spectra, and the thermal expansion coefficients for Si, SiO <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> , and SiN are 2.6, 0.4, and 2.87 ppm/K, respectively. The relaxation of intrinsic-processed compressive stress in the Si CD of about 400 MPa by this proposed additional nitrogen IMP treatment contributes 14 % electron-carrier-mobility enhancement/recovery. The experimental electrical data agree well with the theoretical k.p calculation for the strained-Si theory.
Postoperative tympanic membrane retraction and recurrence rate in primary acquired cholesteatoma (2020)

Objective: To investigate and compare the clinical characteristics and follow-up results of postoperative tympanic membrane (TM) retraction (without formation of a retraction pocket) and the recurrence rate (reformation of the retraction pocket) of different types of acquired cholesteatomas. Methods: Ninety-nine patients (99 ears, one ear per patient) with primary acquired cholesteatoma who had undergone surgery between January 2011 and July 2012 were divided into pars flaccida, pars tensa, and combined groups according to the initial location of the retraction pocket with cholesteatoma. Canal wall up (CWU) and canal wall down (CWD) tympanomastoidectomies were performed in 17 and 82 patients, respectively. We analyzed the clinical data and followed up the patients every 6 months. Postoperative TM retraction and recurrence rates were calculated by Kaplan-Meier survival analysis. Cox regression model analysis was used to calculate the relative risk of each potential confounding factor of postoperative TM retraction and cholesteatoma recurrence. Results: Surgical techniques, Eustachian tube (ET) function, stapes integrity, preoperative TM adhesion rates, and postoperative TM retraction rates were significantly different among the three groups. We found a significant difference in the cumulative postoperative TM retraction rates among the three groups; however, the cumulative recurrence rates were not significantly different among the groups. Combined cholesteatoma, ET dysfunction, and preoperative TM adhesion, which increased the risk of postoperative TM retraction showed no significant correlation with cholesteatoma recurrence. Conclusion: Different types of cholesteatomas have different clinical characteristics. CWD tympanomastoidectomy combined with mastoid obliteration and soft-wall reconstruction is a reliable surgical technique for pars tensa and combined cholesteatoma.
Layered Double Hydroxides as Precursors to Ti<sup>4+</sup> Doped MgO Nanoparticles with Tunable Band Gap (2017)

TixMg1-xO solid solutions with tunable band gap are potential candidates for various applications such as photocatalysis, water splitting, dielectrics, etc. Present study reports the synthesis of TixMg1-xO (x = 0.02 to 0.5) solid solution nanoparticles via a simple sol-gel method. First, layered double hydroxides (precursors) are produced by sol-gel method, which on calcination produce the TixMg1-xO solid solutions. The effect of concentration of titanium (introduced as titanium isopropoxide during the synthesis) on the optical properties of TixMg1-xO solid solution nanoparticles has been investigated. Phase analysis of the precursors demonstrates the formation of Mg-Ti layered double hydroxides and after calcination at 500 °C and 700 °C, Ti4+ doped MgO as well as Mg2TiO4 and MgTiO3 are formed. Scanning electron microscopy images show that the TixMg1-xO samples calcined at 500 °C possess flake-like morphology and after calcination at 700 °C, small agglomerated nanoparticles are formed. In the TEM images, flakes along with nanoparticles are observed in the TixMg1-xO solid solutions prepared using lower concentration of titanium isopropoxide (0.4 and 2.0 mmol) whereas agglomerated nanoparticles are formed in the TixMg1-xO solid solution prepared using higher concentration of titanium isopropoxide (5.0 mmol). Diffuse reflectance spectroscopic studies indicate that the band gap of TixMg1-xO solid solution nanoparticles can be tuned from 3.7 eV to 4.4 eV by varying the concentration of titanium and calcination temperature. Layered double hydroxides are excellent precursors that can yield band gap tunable TixMg1-xO solid solution nanoparticles on calcination with homogeneous elemental distribution.
Distribution of Functional Glutamate and GABA Receptors on Hippocampal Pyramidal Cells and Interneurons (2000)

The distribution of functional neurotransmitter receptors is an important determinant of neuronal information processing. To map the location of functional glutamate and GABA receptors on individual hippocampal neurons, we photolyzed "caged" glutamate and GABA while measuring the electrical currents resulting from activation of these receptors. Responses to uncaged neurotransmitters were spatially nonuniform and varied according to the type of receptor and type of neuron. Every region of CA1 pyramidal cells responded to glutamate and GABA, but glutamate and GABA receptors increased in density along the length of their distal dendrites. Similar gradients of glutamate receptors were found in stratum radiatum interneurons, while GABA responses were detectable only in the perisomatic region of these interneurons. These regional variations in receptor distribution indicate the selective targeting of receptors on central neurons and may reflect a mechanism for local regulation of synaptic efficacy.
Tenascin knockout mice: barrels, boundary molecules, and glial scars (1995)

In light of a previous report suggesting that the brains of tenascin-deficient animals are grossly normal, we have studied the somatosensory cortical barrel field and injured cerebral cortex in postnatal homozygous tenascin knockout, heterozygote, and normal wild-type mice. Nissl staining, cytochrome oxidase, and Dil axonal tracing of thalamocortical axonal projections to the somatosensory cortex, all reveal the formation of normal barrels in the first postnatal week in homozygous knockout mice that cannot be distinguished from heterozygote or normal wild-type barrels. In addition to confirming the absence of tenascin in knockout animals, and reporting apparently reduced levels of the glycoprotein in barrel boundaries of heterozygote animals using well-characterized antibodies and immunocytochemistry, we also studied the DSD-1-PG proteoglycan, another developmentally regulated molecule known to be associated with transient glial/glycoconjugate boundaries that surround developing barrels; DSD-1-PG was also found to be expressed in barrel boundaries in apparently normal time frames in tenascin knockout mice. Peanut agglutinin (PNA) binding of galactosyl-containing glycoconjugates also revealed barrel boundaries in all three genotypes. We also examined the expression of tenascin-R, a paralog of tenascin-C (referred to here simply as tenascin). As previously reported, tenascin-R is prominently expressed in subcortical white matter, and we found it was not expressed in the barrel boundaries in any of the genotypes. Thus, the absence of tenascin does not result in a compensatory expression of tenascin-R in the barrel boundaries. Finally, we studied wounds of the cerebral cortex in the late postnatal mouse. The astroglial scar formed, for the most part, in the same time course and spatial distribution in the wild-type and tenascin knockout mice. However, there may be some differences in the extent of gliosis between the knockout and the wild type that warrant further study. Roles for boundary molecules like tenascin during brain pattern formation and injury are reconsidered in light of these findings on barrel development and cortical lesions in tenascin-deficient mice.
The p53–Mdm2 network in progenitor cell expansion during mouse postnatal development (2007)

Mdm2, an E3 ubiquitin ligase, negatively regulates the tumour suppressor p53. Loss of Mdm2 in mice results in p53-dependent apoptosis and embryonic lethality. This phenotype was rescued by the p53(515C) allele, which encodes an apoptosis-deficient p53R172P protein. However, these mice died within 2 weeks of birth, due to a severe impairment of progenitor cell expansion during postnatal haematopoiesis and cerebellar development, leading to p53-dependent cell cycle arrest. Loss of Mdm2 led to phosphorylation of the p53R172P protein, p53R172P stability and activation of the cell cycle inhibitor p21 in proliferating cells, but not in differentiated cells, in multiple tissue compartments. Proliferating cells of epithelial origin were not affected. The haematopoietic and neural defects were alleviated in mice lacking Mdm2 and containing one p53(515C) and one p53-null allele, but spermatogenesis was arrested. These findings establish a crucial role for the p53-Mdm2 network in regulating proliferation and progenitor expansion in many cell lineages and have important implications for the use of drugs that aim to disrupt the p53-Mdm2 interaction.
Evaluation of gasification and gas cleanup processes for use in molten carbonate fuel cell power plants (1981)

This interim report satisfies the Task B requirement to define process configurations for systems suitable for supplying fuel to molten carbonate fuel cells (MCFC) in industrial and utility power plants. The configurations studied include entrained, fluidized-bed, gravitating-bed, and molten salt gasifiers, both air and oxygen blown. Desulfurization systems utilizing wet scrubbing processes, such as Selexol and Rectisol II, and dry sorbents, such as iron oxide and dolomite, were chosen for evaluation. Cleanup systems not chosen by DOE's MCFC contractors, General Electric and United Technologies, Inc., for their MCFC power plant work by virtue of the resource requirements of those systems for commercial development were chosen for detailed study in Tasks C and D of this contract. Such systems include Westinghouse fluidized-bed gasification, air and oxygen blown, Rockwell molten carbonate air-blown gasification, METC iron oxide desulfurization, and dolomitic desulfurization. In addition, for comparison, gasification systems such as the Texaco entrained and the British Gas/Lurgi slagging units, along with wet scrubbing by Rectisol II, have also been chosen for detailed study.
An image watermarking technique using pyramid transform (2001)

An image watermarking technique based on pyramid transforms is proposed. An arbitrary binary pattern is formed into an effective hypothesized pattern and transmitted as a watermark. Multiresolution pyramid transforms are applied to host images, whose characteristics are exploited to embed the watermark. The detector is designed to be effective to a wide range of original signal sources and noise sources. The scheme is designed to achieve efficient trade-offs between perceptual invisibility, robustness and trustworthy detection. The experiments demonstrate that the proposed technique has high imperceptibility, good robustness, and accurate detection. It can be applied to copyright notification, enforcement, and fingerprinting.
Dual work function metal gate CMOS transistors fabricated by Ni-Ti interdiffusion (2002)

A novel CMOS metal gate technology which uses a combination of two metals to achieve low and symmetrical threshold voltages for n- and p-channel devices is demonstrated. One of the gate electrodes is formed by metal interdiffusion, to avoid exposing the gate dielectric to a metal etch process. This approach preserves the uniformity and integrity of the delicate thin gate dielectric.
Polymer layered silicate nanocomposites (2000)

Polymers filled with low amounts of layered silicate dispersed at nanoscale level are most promising materials characterized by a combination of chemical, physical and mechanical properties that cannot be obtained with macro- or microscopic dispersions of inorganic fillers. Polymer layered silicate nanocomposites can be obtained by insertion of polymer molecules in the galleries between the layers of phyllosilicate. Here, hydrated alkaline or alkaline earth metal cations are hosted which neutralize the negative charge resulting from isomorphous substitutions of Mg or Al cations within the silicate. Insertion of polymer molecules to prepare “intercalation hybrids” can be carried out by replacing the water hydration molecules in the galleries by polymers containing polar functional groups, using the so called ion-dipole method. A more general technique involves compatibilization of the silicate by intercalation of an organic molecule, typically an organic alkylammonium salt, that replaces the cations in the interlayer galleries to form an organically modified layered silicate (OLS). The aliphatic chain of the OLS favors the intercalation of any type of polymer. Intercalated or delaminated polymer-silicate hybrids are obtained depending on whether the stack organization of the silicate layers is preserved or is lost, with single sheets being distributed in the polymer matrix. The methods currently used for preparing polymer layered silicate (PLS) nanocomposites are: in situ polymerization, from polymer solution, or from polymer melt. Although PLS nanocomposites have been known for a long time, it is the possibility of preparing them by melt intercalation of OLS in processing that is boosting the present interest in these materials and their properties. So far PLS nanocomposites have been characterized by X-ray diffractometry, transmission electron microscopy, differential scanning calorimetry, and NMR. Published results on PLS nanocomposites are reviewed concerning their characterization and properties with particular reference to fire retardant behavior.
DCnet: A new data center network architecture (2017)

The migration of computation and storage to cloud data centers has imposed new communication requirements and a need for fundamental changes in infrastructure. The cloud paradigm means that significant network communication will occur between servers in data centers. Furthermore, the migration of virtual machines and containers across physical servers means that in addition to traditional requirements of efficiency, scalability, and easy manageability, future data center networks must also support efficient mobility. To solve the problem, the paper proposes a radical redesign for data center networks, using a new architectural approach that we call DCnet. The DCnet approach changes the addressing and routing schemes at layers 2 and 3 completely. The new addressing mechanism allows an organization to assign addresses that span multiple data centers and permits VM mobility across data centers. Despite radical changes in addressing and routing, the DCnet architecture retains basics from Ethernet and IP, allowing existing hardware building blocks to be reused. The paper uses IPv6 in examples, but the new addressing model and address mobility approach can be applied to IPv4. By assigning each addressable entity a unique ID, and using the ID as the host suffix in an IP address, DCnet allows legacy operating systems and applications to be used without changes. The paper reports a simulation study that uses mininet and SDN to demonstrate the feasibility of the DCnet approach.
A wavelength and polarization detector using monolithically integrated subwavelength MSM photodetectors (2002)

We report an innovative detector based on subwavelength MSM photodetectors that contains no moving parts and can directly and instantaneously measure both the wavelength and polarization angle of light. The wavelength-polarization detector consists of a monolithically integrated metal-semiconductor-metal (MSM) photodetector pair with subwavelength finger spacings and widths. When the finger spacing of the MSM photodetector is smaller than the wavelength of light, the transmission of TE and TM waves through the detector fingers becomes strongly dependent on the wavelength and polarization of the incident light. As a result, the photodetector current also becomes dependent on the wavelength and polarization. However, since the photocurrent is also a function of the incident optical intensity, a pair of integrated MSM photodetectors with two different finger spacings must be used so that the photocurrent ratio will be independent of the optical power, but still be a function of the wavelength and polarization.
The Role of the Business Model and Business Model Innovation as Essential Components to Commercialization, Entrepreneurship, and Strategic Renewal (2020)

Business models are a cornerstone of innovation for both startups and established firms. The term exists as part of the management lexicon, as media and scholars devote significant attention to it, especially with Internet-based and tech businesses exploiting innovative new models. This review aims to address the question concerning the current knowledge regarding the concepts of the business model and business model innovation. Starting with the business model, the paper examines the diversity of definitions that scholars offer, particularly related to its scope (e.g., firm, network) and conceptualization (e.g., activities, value). The narrative delves into a systematic review and components of the business model. It segues to examining links with the lean startup and associated canvases that encompass components to define value creation, delivery, and capture. This section closes by highlighting the diverse multitude of business models, including fifty-five common patterns, and finally, considers the assessment of the construct, most notably Teece's seven questions. The business model innovation section delves into its diverse characterizations by scholars, leading to the identification of common themes- value, process, novel, change, activities, core elements, model, and discovery. The section discusses two relevant systematic reviews that highlight gaps for further exploration. It then dives into multiple approaches, such as business model development, reconfiguration, discovery-driven planning, customer discovery, parallel play, and reinventing-the-wheel. This discussion closes by examining the role of business model innovation in the organizational learning process, particularly that of experimentation. Finally, it addresses evaluation, featuring Amit and Zott's six questions. Themes to draw for the business model involve that it (1) is essential to define a path to innovation and successful commercialization; (2) embodies the creation, delivery, capture, and apportionment of value; and (3) encompasses exploration and exploitation functions. For business model innovation, a notable extraction is that it involves a critical organizational learning process fashioning a model that offers novelty and value to the firm and its ecosystem of customers, investors, and partners.