gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Isolation of a Bacillus thuringiensis RNA polymerase capable of transcribing crystal protein genes. (1988)

We report the isolation of an RNA polymerase from sporulating cells of Bacillus thuringiensis subsp. kurstaki HD-1-Dipel that directs transcription from the promoter region of an insecticidal crystal protein gene. The core components of this RNA polymerase are associated with a polypeptide that has an apparent mass of 35 kDa. Neither RNA polymerase holoenzyme isolated from vegetative B. thuringiensis, nor the core derived from this enzyme, is capable of transcribing from the crystal protein gene promoter region; the addition of gel-purified 35-kDa polypeptide to the core reconstitutes the specific transcribing capability. The reconstituted enzyme does not direct transcription from the promoters for the ctc or spoVG genes of Bacillus subtilis; however, this form of RNA polymerase does direct transcription from a promoter for the 27-kDa crystal protein of B. thuringiensis subsp. israelensis and from a promoter for a 29-kDa polypeptide present in cuboidal crystals of B. thuringiensis subsp. kurstaki HD-1. We propose a tentative consensus sequence based on the alignment of the three B. thuringiensis promoters. This consensus sequence is different from consensus sequences reported for promoters recognized by enzymes containing other sigma subunits, suggesting that the 35-kDa polypeptide is an unusual sigma subunit.
BoLTE: Efficient network-wide LTE broadcasting (2017)

Evolved-Multimedia Broadcast Multicast Services (eMBMS) is a set of features in LTE networks to deliver bandwidth-intensive multimedia content on a point-to-multipoint basis to subscribers. The notion of a Single Frequency Network (SFN) in eMBMS allows base stations to synchronize and transmit signals in a coordinated fashion across the same frequency-time radio resources using a common modulation rate. While SFN boosts the channel quality of users via transmit diversity gain, the use of a common rate across base stations results in reduced utilization for those that can individually support much higher data rates for their users, even without the notion of an SFN. Excluding such base stations from the SFN helps them utilize their resources better by not being constrained by the common rate, but creates additional inter-cell interference from their independent transmissions. Striking a balance between SFN cooperation and resource utilization is crucial for efficiently delivering broadcast content as well as other unicast flows. We design BoLTE, which carefully addresses this tradeoff and evaluate it using a prototype implementation over an SFN testbed, realized over a cloud-based radio access network system, as well as large-scale NS3 simulations. We show that BoLTE improves overall system throughput by around 40%.
Investigation of four-dimensional computed tomography-based pulmonary ventilation imaging in patients with emphysematous lung regions (2011)

A pulmonary ventilation imaging technique based on four-dimensional (4D) computed tomography (CT) has advantages over existing techniques. However, physiologically accurate 4D-CT ventilation imaging has not been achieved in patients. The purpose of this study was to evaluate 4D-CT ventilation imaging by correlating ventilation with emphysema. Emphysematous lung regions are less ventilated and can be used as surrogates for low ventilation. We tested the hypothesis: 4D-CT ventilation in emphysematous lung regions is significantly lower than in non-emphysematous regions. Four-dimensional CT ventilation images were created for 12 patients with emphysematous lung regions as observed on CT, using a total of four combinations of two deformable image registration (DIR) algorithms: surface-based (DIR(sur)) and volumetric (DIR(vol)), and two metrics: Hounsfield unit (HU) change (V(HU)) and Jacobian determinant of deformation (V(Jac)), yielding four ventilation image sets per patient. Emphysematous lung regions were detected by density masking. We tested our hypothesis using the one-tailed t-test. Visually, different DIR algorithms and metrics yielded spatially variant 4D-CT ventilation images. The mean ventilation values in emphysematous lung regions were consistently lower than in non-emphysematous regions for all the combinations of DIR algorithms and metrics. V(HU) resulted in statistically significant differences for both DIR(sur) (0.14 ± 0.14 versus 0.29 ± 0.16, p = 0.01) and DIR(vol) (0.13 ± 0.13 versus 0.27 ± 0.15, p < 0.01). However, V(Jac) resulted in non-significant differences for both DIR(sur) (0.15 ± 0.07 versus 0.17 ± 0.08, p = 0.20) and DIR(vol) (0.17 ± 0.08 versus 0.19 ± 0.09, p = 0.30). This study demonstrated the strong correlation between the HU-based 4D-CT ventilation and emphysema, which indicates the potential for HU-based 4D-CT ventilation imaging to achieve high physiologic accuracy. A further study is needed to confirm these results.
Sparse DOA Estimation Based on Multi-Level Prime Array With Compression (2019)

A signal emitter can be located using diverse types of direction finding (DF) techniques. One of the most widely used techniques is the direction of arrival (DOA) estimation using antenna arrays. An array configuration that can increase the degrees of freedom (DOF) or the number of estimated sources is desired. Multi-level prime array (MLPA) uses multiple uniform linear subarrays where the number of elements in the subarrays is a pairwise coprime integer. Compared with nested and coprime arrays, the MLPA requires a smaller aperture size which is important in mobile applications. The different MLPA configurations can be constructed for a given number of antennas and the one that maximizes the DOF is exploited. These configurations have a difference coarray with a large number of consecutive lags and few holes. The number of consecutive lags can be increased by properly compressing the inter-element spacing of one subarray under a fixed number of antennas and without changing the aperture size. This paper proposes a new compressed MLPA configuration and demonstrates its performance in sparse DOA estimation. The resultant array, MLPA with compressed subarray (MLPAC), can have a hole-free difference coarray as in nested array case. The MLPAC can estimate a larger number of sources using both MUSIC and sparse reconstruction algorithms. Mutual coupling between sensors has also been evaluated. The simulation results confirm the achievable DOF and the advantage of the proposed configuration in the DOA estimation.
A hierarchical conditional random field model for labeling and segmenting images of street scenes (2011)

Simultaneously segmenting and labeling images is a fundamental problem in Computer Vision. In this paper, we introduce a hierarchical CRF model to deal with the problem of labeling images of street scenes by several distinctive object classes. In addition to learning a CRF model from all the labeled images, we group images into clusters of similar images and learn a CRF model from each cluster separately. When labeling a new image, we pick the closest cluster and use the associated CRF model to label this image. Experimental results show that this hierarchical image labeling method is comparable to, and in many cases superior to, previous methods on benchmark data sets. In addition to segmentation and labeling results, we also showed how to apply the image labeling result to rerank Google similar images.
WATAPI: Composing Web API Specification from API Documentations through an Intelligent and Interactive Annotation Tool (2019)

The number of web APIs grows rapidly. Each API provider offers API documentations which comes with diversity and complexity of structures. In order to understand a large number of diverse web APIs, we employ deep learning that extracts key objects of a large number of web APIs and produce a unified API specification (Open API Specification). However, the unified API specification is not a simple task due to heterogeneous API documentations and it is required additional human evaluation to adjust incorrect information which produced by machine. In this paper, we introduce WATAPI which represents an automation tool for representing machine learning outcomes and adding a user as a humanin-the-loop to transparently interact with complex machinelearning components to process diverse API documentations. WATAPI allows the user to annotate API documentations and/or adjust the automated annotation process which produced by machine-learning models' predictions. WATAPI is also capable to perform as a semi-automated annotation tool where it records user's interactions. WATAPI is able to automatically apply user's interaction of one API annotation to another API documentations with a similar structure. The user's annotation adjustment provides feedback to machinelearning components for improving the accuracy of extracting Open API Specifications.
Least Significant Bit Coding of Speech (2007)

We investigate the application of distributed source coding to a single-channel speech or audio signal. We compare two methods. In the first, we encode signal sequences using low-density parity check codes in an approach that resembles methods used in video coding. In the second, we encode each sample with only a set of least significant bits (LSB) of the quantization index. In both methods the parameters of a statistical signal model are estimated at the encoder and transmitted to the decoder. The signal model is used only at the decoder. Our results indicate that the LSB coding method is more effective. We show that the order-k entropy of a sequence of LSBs converges more quickly to the entropy rate of the scalar quantized signal than the order-k entropy of the quantized signal itself. As a result, we can approach the rate-distortion bound by applying entropy coding to successive short (several samples) segments of the sequence of LSB sample. The LSB coding method can be extended to lattice quantization.
15. Signal Validation Using Bayesian Belief Networks and Fuzzy Logic (2002)

Safe and reliable control of many processes, simple or complex, relies on sensor measurements. Sophisticated control algorithms only partially satisfy the growing demand for reliability in complex systems because they depend on the accuracy of the sensor input. Noise-ridden or faulty sensors can lead to wrong control decisions, or may even mask a system malfunction and delay critical evasive actions. Thus for optimal and robust operation and control of a process system, correct information about its state in terms of signal validation is of vital importance. To this end, process control methods need to be augmented with sensor fault detection, isolation, and accommodation (SFDIA) to detect and localize faults in instruments. SFDIA can be defined as (a) the detection of sensor faults at the earliest, (b) isolation of the faulty sensor, (c) classification of the type of fault, and (d) providing alternative estimates for the variable under measurement. In this chapter, we introduce the use of Bayesian belief networks (BBN) for SFDIA. Bayesian belief networks are an effective tool to show flow of information and to represent and propagate uncertainty based on a mathematically sound platform. Using several illustrations, we will present its performance in detecting, isolating, and accommodating sensor faults. A probabilistic representation of sensor errors and faults will be used for the construction of the Bayesian network. We limit sensor fault modes considered in this work to bias, precision degradation, and complete failure. Fuzzy logic forms the basis for our second approach to SFDIA. In decision-making related to fault detection and isolation, fuzzy logic removes the restrictions of hard boundaries set by crisp rules. The main advantage of fuzzy logic is its simplicity without compromising performance. As shown in the results, three fuzzy rules per variable are sufficient for a model-based fuzzy SFDIA scheme. A comparison of these two methods based on the experience of this application provides valuable insights.
Orthonormal polynomials in wavefront analysis: analytical solution (2007)

Zernike circle polynomials are in widespread use for wavefront analysis because of their orthogonality over a circular pupil and their representation of balanced classical aberrations. In recent papers, we derived closed-form polynomials that are orthonormal over a hexagonal pupil, such as the hexagonal segments of a large mirror. We extend our work to elliptical, rectangular, and square pupils. Using the circle polynomials as the basis functions for their orthogonalization over such pupils, we derive closed-form polynomials that are orthonormal over them. These polynomials are unique in that they are not only orthogonal across such pupils, but also represent balanced classical aberrations, just as the Zernike circle polynomials are unique in these respects for circular pupils. The polynomials are given in terms of the circle polynomials as well as in polar and Cartesian coordinates. Relationships between the orthonormal coefficients and the corresponding Zernike coefficients for a given pupil are also obtained. The orthonormal polynomials for a one-dimensional slit pupil are obtained as a limiting case of a rectangular pupil.
Low bit rate transform coder, decoder, and encoder/decoder for high-quality audio (1993)

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&lt;tex&gt;$rm Nb_3rm Sn$&lt;/tex&gt;Multi-Filamentary Superconducting Wires Prepared by Ta-Sn Powder in Tube Process (2005)

Nb/sub 3/Sn multi-filamentary superconducting wires prepared by Ta-Sn powder in tube (TS-PIT) process have been developed. To develop the TS-PIT wire with applicable scale, a two stage approach was examined. At the first stage, two kinds of test wires with single and 19 filaments were fabricated by using 10 kg class billets. The critical current density (Jc) of the single filament wire was 167 A/mm/sup 2/ at 21 T and 4.2 K. Based on results of the first stage developments 50 kg class scale wire with 54 filaments was progressed in the following stage. This wire showed Jc of 136 A/mm/sup 2/ at 21 T, 4.2 K. Beside Jc, RRR and 0.2% yield strength were estimated. From these estimations, it was clear that the wire in the second stage has efficient applicable properties to the high field magnet. In both stage, microscopic analysis were followed for samples and found that over 50% in the sheath area reacted uniformly and the grain size was extremely fine. Through this development, TS-PIT processed multi-filament Nb/sub 3/Sn superconducting wire has been developed to applicable quality and scale.
Adaptive Defense Against Various Network Attacks (2006)

In defending against various network attacks, such as distributed denial-of-service (DDoS) attacks or worm attacks, a defense system needs to deal with various network conditions and dynamically changing attacks. Therefore, a good defense system needs to have a built-in "adaptive defense" functionality based on cost minimization-adaptively adjusting its configurations according to the network condition and attack severity in order to minimize the combined cost introduced by false positives (misidentify normal traffic as attack) and false negatives (misidentify attack traffic as normal) at any time. In this way, the adaptive defense system can generate fewer false alarms in normal situations or under light attacks with relaxed defense configurations, while protecting a network or a server more vigorously under severe attacks. In this paper, we present concrete adaptive defense system designs for defending against two major network attacks: SYN flood DDoS attack and Internet worm infection. The adaptive defense is a high-level system design that can be built on various underlying nonadaptive detection and filtering algorithms, which makes it applicable for a wide range of security defenses
Poster reception---DejaVu (2006)

We present a new fault tolerance system, DejaVu, for transparent and automatic checkpointing, migration and recovery of parallel and distributed applications. DejaVu has several novel features. First, it provides a transparent parallel checkpointing and recovery mechanism that recovers from any combination of systems failures without modification to parallel applications or the underlying operating system. Second, it uses a novel instrumentation and state capture mechanism that transparently captures application state. Third, it uses a new runtime mechanism for transparent incremental checkpointing, capturing the least amount of state needed to maintain global consistency. Finally, it provides a novel communication architecture that enables transparent migration of existing MPI codes, without source-code modifications. DejaVu has been implemented for 32 bit and 64 bit Linux platforms on x86 processors interconnected over Infiniband or Gigabit Ethernet networks. Performance results from the production-ready implementation shows less than 5% overhead with real-world parallel applications with large memory footprints.
Potent and selective antagonists of the antidiuretic responses to arginine-vasopressin based on modifications of [1-(.beta.-mercapto-.beta.,.beta.-pentamethylenepropionic acid), 2-D-isoleucine, 4-valine]arginine-vasopressin at position 4 (1984)

As part of a program in which we are attempting (a) to obtain more potent and/or more selective antagonists of the antidiuretic responses to arginine-vasopressin (AVP) and (b) to delineate the structural features at positions 1-9 required for antidiuretic antagonism, we have synthesized 13 new analogues of the antidiuretic antagonist [1-(beta-mercapto-beta,beta-pentamethylenepropionic acid),2-D-isoleucine,4- valine]arginine-vasopressin [d(CH2)5[D-Ile2]VAVP] in which the valine residue at position 4 has been replaced by the L-amino acids Abu, Ile, Thr, Ala, Ser, Nva, Gln, Leu, Lys, Cha, Asn, Orn, and Phe and two new analogues of the antidiuretic antagonist [1-(beta-mercapto-beta,beta-pentamethylenepropionic acid),2-D-phenylalanine,4- valine]arginine-vasopressin [d(CH2)5[D-Phe2]VAVP] with the Val4 residue replaced by Ser and Orn. These analogues are 1, d(CH2)5[D-Ile2,Abu4]AVP; 2, d(CH2)5[D-Ile2,Ile4]AVP; 3, d(CH2)5[D-Ile2,Thr4]AVP; 4, d(CH2)5[D-Ile2,Ala4]AVP; 5, d(CH2)5[D-Ile2,Ser4]AVP; 6, d(CH2)5[D-Ile2,Nva4]AVP; 7, d(CH2)5[D-Ile2]AVP; 8, d(CH2)5[D-Ile2,Leu4]AVP; 9, d(CH2)5[D-Ile2,Lys4]AVP; 10, d(CH2)5[D-Ile2,Cha4]AVP; 11, d(CH2)5[D-Ile2,Asn4]AVP; 12, d(CH2)5[D-Ile2,Orn4]AVP; 13, d(CH2)5[D-Ile2,Phe4]AVP; 14, d(CH2)5[D-Phe2,Ser4]AVP; and 15, d(CH2)5[D-Phe2,Orn4]AVP. The protected peptide precursors for these peptides were prepared by the solid-phase method, followed by ammonolytic cleavage. The free peptides 1-15 were obtained by deblocking with Na in NH3, oxidation of the resultant disulfhydryl compounds with dilute K3[Fe(CN)6], and purification on Sephadex G-15 in a two-step procedure with 50% HOAc and 0.2 M HOAc as eluants. Analogues 1-15 were tested in rats for agonistic and antagonistic activities by antidiuretic, vasopressor, and oxytocic assays.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Dielectric Properties of (PbCa)(MeNb)O<sub>3</sub> at Microwave Frequencies (1992)

We have investigated the dielectric properties up to microwave frequencies of ceramics represented as (Pb 1- x Ca x )-(Me m Nb 1- m )O 3 where Me is selected from Li, Na, Mg, Zn, Ni, Co, Fe, Y, Yb, Al and Cr. High Q values and small temperature coefficients of resonant frequency were obtained in (PbCa)(Mg 1/3 Nb 2/3 )O 3 , (PbCa)(Ni 1/3 Nb 2/3 )O 3 and (PbCa)-(Fe 1/2 Nb 1/2 )O 3 with perovskite structure. These dielectric constants and the Q values for a near-zero temperature coefficient are ε r =73 with Q =1330, ε r =59 with Q =1700 and ε r =91 with Q =1650, respectively. The other ceramics with smaller amounts of perovskite phase had degraded characteristics, i.e., low Q values or large temperature coefficients. In lead- and calcium-based perovskite, it seems that the high dielectric constant occurs due to Pb content in A-sites and smaller average ion radius in B-sites.
Four cytotoxic N4-substituted thiosemicarbazones derived from 2-hydroxynaphthalene-1-carboxaldehyde (2003)

The X-ray crystal structures are reported of four novel and potentially O,N,S-tridentate donor ligands that demonstrate antitumour activity. These ligands are 1-[(4-methylthiosemicarbazono)methyl]-2-naphthol, C(13)H(13)N(3)OS, (III), 1-[(4-ethylthiosemicarbazono)methyl]-2-naphthol, C(14)H(15)N(3)OS, (IV), 1-[(4-phenylthiosemicarbazono)methyl]-2-naphthol, C(18)H(15)N(3)OS, (V), and 1-[(4,4-dimethylthiosemicarbazono)methyl]-2-naphthol dimethyl sulfoxide solvate, C(14)H(15)N(3)OS.C(2)H(6)OS, (VI). These chelators are N4-substituted thiosemicarbazones, each based on the same parent aldehyde, namely 2-zhydroxynaphthalene-1-carboxaldehyde isonicotinoylhydrazone. Conformational variations within this series are discussed in relation to the optimum conformation for metal-ion binding.
Polymerization of acrylates by atom transfer radical polymerization. Homopolymerization of glycidyl acrylate (1997)

Abstract Atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP) was applied to the homopolymerization of glycidyl acrylate (GA). This functionalized monomer can be polymerized to high conversions and high molecular weights using halogenated initiators and CuBr/4,4′‐bis(5‐nonyl)‐2,2′‐bipyridine (dNbipy) as the catalyst. The polymerizations exhibit first order kinetics and molecular weights increase linearly with conversion. The M̄ n of the products is controlled by the ratio Δ[M] 0 /[I] 0 . The polymers obtained showed narrow molecular weight distributions, M̄ w / M̄ n = 1.25.
An orally active formulation of angiotensin-(1-7) produces an antithrombotic effect (2011)

These results show for the first time that the oral formulation Ang-(1-7)-CyD has biological activity and produces a Mas-dependent antithrombotic effect.
Multiple Feature-based Classifications Adaptive Loop Filter (2018)

In video coding, adaptive loop filter (ALF) has attracted attention due to its increasing coding performances. Recently ALF has been further developed for its extension, which introduces geometry transformation-based adaptive loop filter (GALF) outperforming the existing ALF techniques. The main idea of ALF is to apply a classification to obtain multiple classes, which gives a partition of a set of all pixel locations. After that, a Wiener filter is applied for each class. Therefore, the performance of ALF essentially relies on how its classification behaves. In this paper, we introduce a novel classification method, Multiple feature-based Classifications ALF (MCALF) extending a classification in GALF and show that it increases coding efficiency while only marginally raising encoding complexity. The key idea is to apply more than one classifier at the encoder to group all reconstructed samples and then to select a classifier with the best RD-performance to carry out the classification process. Simulation results show that around 2% bit rate reduction can be achieved on top of GALF for some selected test sequences.
An enzymatic route to L-ornithine from L-arginine--activation and stabilization studies on L-arginase. (1991)

L-ornithine has growth potential for parenteral nutrition and as a component for biologically active peptides. A process for enzymatic conversion of L-arginine to L-ornithine with arginase has been developed and tested on a pilot scale. With activation of arginase by Mn2+ and stabilization by ascorbic acid, the enzyme is sufficiently active and stable for application in large-scale L-ornithine synthesis.