gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A framework for 3-D joint inversion of MT, gravity and seismic refraction data (2010)

We present a 3-D joint inversion framework for seismic, magnetotelluric (MT) and scalar and tensorial gravity data. Using large-scale optimization methods, parallel forward solvers and a flexible implementation in terms of model parametrization allows us to investigate different coupling approaches for the various physical parameters involved in the joint inversion. Here we compare two different coupling approaches, direct parameter coupling where we calculate conductivities and densities from seismic slownesses and cross-gradient coupling, where each model cell has an independent value for each physical property and a structural similarity is enforced through a term in the objective function. For both types of approaches we see an improvement of the inversion results over single inversions when the inverted data sets are generated from compatible models. As expected the direct coupling approach results in a stronger interaction between the data sets and in this case better results compared to the cross-gradient coupling. In contrast, when the inverted MT data is generated from a model that violates the parameter relationship in some regions but conforms with the cross-gradient assumptions, we obtain good results with the cross-gradient approach, while the direct coupling approach results in spurious features. This makes the cross-gradient approach the first choice for regions were a direct relationship between the physical parameters is unclear.
Clicking Pentafluorostyrene Copolymers: Synthesis, Nanoprecipitation, and Glycosylation (2009)

Glycopolymers consisting of styrene (St) and pentafluorostyrene (PFS) were synthesized by a combination of nitroxide-mediated polymerization and “click” chemistry. A series of well-defined homopolymers as well as block and random copolymers of St and PFS were obtained with different ratios by using Bloc Builder as an alkoxyamine initiator. Some copolymers showed self-assembly behavior into regular nanospheres with diameters ranging from 70 to 720 nm by applying the nanoprecipitation technique. In addition, a thiol−glycoside (2,3,4,6-tetra-O-acetyl-1-thio-β-d-glucopyranose) was reacted under ambient conditions with PFS moieties on the polymeric backbone utilizing a thiol−para fluoro “click” reaction. This nucleophilic substitution reaction was performed with high yields, and the reaction kinetic was monitored online with 19F NMR spectroscopy. Finally, the deacetylation of the protected glucose moieties was carried out to yield well-defined glycopolymers. The polymers were characterized in detail by 1H, 13C, and 19F NMR spectroscopy, size exclusion chromatography, and MALDI TOF-MS.
An approximate analytical model for temperature and power distribution in high-power Yb-doped double-clad fiber lasers (2014)

An analytical power model based on the rate equations of a high-power Yb-doped double-clad fiber laser is presented. Although it considers combiner and splices losses for the first time, the maximum and mean relative errors are less than 2.2% and 3.04% when compared with numerical and experimental results, respectively. Furthermore, an analytical temperature model based on thermal conduction equation has been reported. For the first time, the radial-dependent distribution of the heat density generated inside the fiber core is considered. Radial and longitudinal 3D distributions for temperature are presented. The results show a big difference (can reach 25%) when compared with conventional models, which consider a uniform radial distribution for heat density. In contrast, the mean relative error related to our model is less than 4.7% when compared with experimental results, whereas it reaches 9.3% in the conventional one.
Improvement of a Clinical Score for Necrotizing Fasciitis: ‘Pain Out of Proportion’ and High CRP Levels Aid the Diagnosis (2015)

Necrotizing fasciitis (NF) is a rare mono-/polymicrobial skin infection that spreads to underlying tissues. NF is quickly progressing and leads to life threatening situations. Immediate surgical debridement together with i.v. antibiotic administration is required to avoid fatal outcome. Early diagnosis is often delayed due to underestimation or confusion with cellulitis. We now compared the initial clinical and laboratory presentation of NF and cellulitis in detail to assess if a typical pattern can be identified that aids timely diagnosis of NF and avoidance of fatal outcome. 138 different clinical and laboratory features of 29 NF patients were compared to those of 59 age- and gender matched patients with severe erysipelas requiring a subsequent hospitalization time of ≥10 days. Differences in clinical presentation were not obvious; however, NF patients suffered significantly more often from strong pain. NF patients exhibited dramatically elevated CRP levels (5-fold, p>0.001). The overall laboratory risk indicator for necrotizing fasciitis (LRINEC) score was significantly higher in NF patients as compared to cellulitis. However, a modification of the score (alteration of laboratory parameters, addition of clinical parameters) led to a clear improvement of the score with a higher positive predictive value without losing specificity. In summary, clinical differentiation of NF from cellulitis appears to be hard. 'Pain out of proportion' may be an early sign for NF. An improvement of the LRINEC score emphasizing only relevant laboratory and clinical findings as suggested may aid the early diagnosis of NF in the future leading to improvement of disease outcome by enabling rapid adequate therapy.
Assignment of WNT7B to human chromosome band 22q13 by in situ hybridization (1997)

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DNase-Sensitive and -Resistant Modes of Biofilm Formation by Listeria monocytogenes (2015)

Listeria monocytogenes is able to form biofilms on various surfaces and this ability is thought to contribute to persistence in the environment and on contact surfaces in the food industry. Extracellular DNA (eDNA) is a component of the biofilm matrix of many bacterial species and was shown to play a role in biofilm establishment of L. monocytogenes. In the present study, the effect of DNaseI treatment on biofilm formation of L. monocytogenes EGD-e was investigated under static and dynamic conditions in normal or diluted complex medium at different temperatures. Biofilm formation was quantified by crystal violet staining or visualized by confocal laser scanning microscopy. Biomass of surface-attached L. monocytogenes varies depending on temperature and dilution of media. Interestingly, L. monocytogenes EGD-e forms DNase-sensitive biofilms in diluted medium whereas in full strength medium DNaseI treatment had no effect. In line with these observations, eDNA is present in the matrix of biofilms grown in diluted but not full strength medium and supernatants of biofilms grown in diluted medium contain chromosomal DNA. The DNase-sensitive phenotype could be clearly linked to reduced ionic strength in the environment since dilution of medium in PBS or saline abolished DNase sensitivity. Several other but not all species of the genus Listeria display DNase-sensitive and -resistant modes of biofilm formation. These results indicate that L. monocytogenes biofilms are DNase-sensitive especially at low ionic strength, which might favor bacterial lysis and release of chromosomal DNA. Since low nutrient concentrations with increased osmotic pressure are conditions frequently found in food processing environments, DNaseI treatment represents an option to prevent or remove Listeria biofilms in industrial settings.
Closed-Form Expressions for Minimizing Total Harmonic Distortion in Three-Phase Multilevel Converters (2013)

The total harmonic distortion (THD) of a waveform is a standard way to quantify its deviation from a sinusoid. In three-phase systems, we are interested in minimizing 3THD: the component of THD produced by odd nontriplen harmonics. However, its definition involves an infinite sum, making it difficult to evaluate and analyze. This paper solves the problem of finding equivalent closed-form expressions for the 3THD of a staircase waveform. In particular, two expressions are rigorously derived, which reveal 3THD to be a piecewise differentiable function. One expression is shorter but describes the pieces implicitly. The other is longer but describes the pieces explicitly. We minimize 3THD using the closed-form expression and provide a comparison with previous techniques. Finally, we provide experimental results that show close agreement with the theoretical results.
Skip Trie Matching for Real-Time OCR Output Error Corrrection on Smartphones (2021)

Many Visually Impaired individuals are managing their daily activities with the help of smartphones. While there are many vision-based mobile applications to identify products, there is a relative dearth of applications for extracting useful nutrition information. In this report, we study the performance of existing OCR systems available for the Android platform, and choose the best to extract the nutrition facts information from U.S grocery store packages. We then provide approaches to improve the results of text strings produced by the Tesseract OCR engine on image segments of nutrition tables automatically extracted by an Android 2.3.6 smartphone application using real-time video streams of grocery products. We also present an algorithm, called Skip Trie Matching (STM), for real-time OCR output error correction on smartphones. The algorithm’s performance is compared with Apache Lucene’s spell checker. Our evaluation indicates that the average run time of the STM algorithm is lower than Lucene’s. (68 pages)
Paramagnon drag in high thermoelectric figure of merit Li-doped MnTe (2019)

Local thermal magnetization fluctuations in Li-doped MnTe are found to increase its thermopower α strongly at temperatures up to 900 K. Below the Néel temperature (<i>T</i> <sub>N</sub> ~ 307 K), MnTe is antiferromagnetic, and magnon drag contributes α<sub>md</sub> to the thermopower, which scales as ~<i>T</i> <sup>3</sup>. Magnon drag persists into the paramagnetic state up to >3 × <i>T</i> <sub>N</sub> because of long-lived, short-range antiferromagnet-like fluctuations (paramagnons) shown by neutron spectroscopy to exist in the paramagnetic state. The paramagnon lifetime is longer than the charge carrier-magnon interaction time; its spin-spin spatial correlation length is larger than the free-carrier effective Bohr radius and de Broglie wavelength. Thus, to itinerant carriers, paramagnons look like magnons and give a paramagnon-drag thermopower. This contribution results in an optimally doped material having a thermoelectric figure of merit <i>ZT</i> > 1 at <i>T</i> > ~900 K, the first material with a technologically meaningful thermoelectric energy conversion efficiency from a spin-caloritronic effect.
Purification of Polyhydroxybutyrate Synthase from Its Native Organism,<i>Ralstonia eutropha</i>: Implications for the Initiation and Elongation of Polymer Formation in Vivo (2012)

Class I polyhydroxybutyrate (PHB) synthase (PhaC) from Ralstonia eutropha catalyzes the formation of PHB from (R)-3-hydroxybutyryl-CoA, ultimately resulting in the formation of insoluble granules. Previous mechanistic studies of R. eutropha PhaC, purified from Escherichia coli (PhaC(Ec)), demonstrated that the polymer elongation rate is much faster than the initiation rate. In an effort to identify a factor(s) from the native organism that might prime the synthase and increase the rate of polymer initiation, an N-terminally Strep2-tagged phaC (Strep2-PhaC(Re)) was constructed and integrated into the R. eutropha genome in place of wild-type phaC. Strep2-PhaC(Re) was expressed and purified by affinity chromatography from R. eutropha grown in nutrient-rich TSB medium for 4 h (peak production PHB, 15% cell dry weight) and 24 h (PHB, 2% cell dry weight). Analysis of the purified PhaC by size exclusion chromatography, sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, and gel permeation chromatography revealed that it unexpectedly copurified with the phasin protein, PhaP1, and with soluble PHB (M(w) = 350 kDa) in a "high-molecular weight" (HMW) complex and in monomeric/dimeric (M/D) forms with no associated PhaP1 or PHB. Assays for monitoring the formation of PHB in the HMW complex showed no lag phase in CoA release, in contrast to M/D forms of PhaC(Re) (and PhaC(Ec)), suggesting that PhaC in the HMW fraction has been isolated in a PHB-primed form. The presence of primed and nonprimed PhaC suggests that the elongation rate for PHB formation is also faster than the initiation rate in vivo. A modified micelle model for granule genesis is proposed to accommodate the reported observations.
Bus Selection in Multibus DC Power Systems (2007)

DC power systems, like the ones proposed for use in future naval electric ships, can be made more reliable by using multiple buses for redundancy. Multiple buses provide multiple configuration options for supplying power to the load. Diode OR'ing with auctioneering diodes is perhaps the most common method to connect a load to multiple buses. Although the diode action is automatic and fault-tolerant, it results in ill-defined bus currents when the bus voltages are similar and the potential for uncontrolled switching in a faulted high-impedance system. Active switching and bus converters with auctioneering diodes are control techniques that overcome these limitations by providing full control over the bus selection process. Using local information in the form of the bus voltage, these techniques do not rely on a centralized controller, which improves system reliability. Dwell time is shown as a technique to stabilize the state-dependent switching.
Massively Multilingual Sentence Embeddings for Zero-Shot Cross-Lingual Transfer and Beyond (2018)

We introduce an architecture to learn joint multilingual sentence representations for 93 languages, belonging to more than 30 different families and written in 28 different scripts. Our system uses a single BiLSTM encoder with a shared BPE vocabulary for all languages, which is coupled with an auxiliary decoder and trained on publicly available parallel corpora. This enables us to learn a classifier on top of the resulting embeddings using English annotated data only, and transfer it to any of the 93 languages without any modification. Our experiments in cross-lingual natural language inference (XNLI dataset), cross-lingual document classification (MLDoc dataset) and parallel corpus mining (BUCC dataset) show the effectiveness of our approach. We also introduce a new test set of aligned sentences in 112 languages, and show that our sentence embeddings obtain strong results in multilingual similarity search even for low-resource languages. Our implementation, the pre-trained encoder and the multilingual test set are available at https://github.com/facebookresearch/LASER
The theory of deadlock avoidance via discrete control (2009)

Deadlock in multithreaded programs is an increasingly important problem as ubiquitous multicore architectures force parallelization upon an ever wider range of software. This paper presents a theoretical foundation for dynamic deadlock avoidance in concurrent programs that employ conventional mutual exclusion and synchronization primitives (e.g., multithreaded C/Pthreads programs). Beginning with control flow graphs extracted from program source code, we construct a formal model of the program and then apply Discrete Control Theory to automatically synthesize deadlock-avoidance control logic that is implemented by program instrumentation. At run time, the control logic avoids deadlocks by postponing lock acquisitions. Discrete Control Theory guarantees that the program instrumented with our synthesized control logic cannot deadlock. Our method furthermore guarantees that the control logic is maximally permissive: it postpones lock acquisitions only when necessary to prevent deadlocks, and therefore permits maximal runtime concurrency. Our prototype for C/Pthreads scales to real software including Apache, OpenLDAP, and two kinds of benchmarks, automatically avoiding both injected and naturally occurring deadlocks while imposing modest runtime overheads.
Vernier Si-Photonic Phased Array Transceiver for Grating Lobe Suppression and Extended Field-of-View (2019)

We present a Vernier optical phased array transceiver architecture that suppresses grating lobes and can extend the field-of-view. The first experimental demonstration shows Vernier lobe suppression by transmitting from adjacent TX and RX tiles simultaneously. © 2019 The Author(s)
Etiopathogenesis of cataract: An appraisal (2014)

Natural eye lens is a crystalline substance to produce a clear passage for light. Cataract is opacity within the clear lens of the eye and is the dominant cause of socio-medical problem i.e., blindness worldwide. The only available treatment of cataract is surgery. However, insufficient surgical facilities in poor and developing countries and post-operative complications inspire researchers to find out other modes of treatment for cataract. In this review, an attempt has been made to appraise various etiological factors of cataract to make their perception clear to build up counterpart treatment. Present study is an assortment of various available literatures and electronic information in view of cataract etiopathogenesis. Various risk factors have been identified in development of cataracts. They can be classified in to genetic factors, ageing (systemic diseases, nutritional and trace metals deficiencies, smoking, oxidative stress etc.), traumatic, complicated (inflammatory and degenerative diseases of eye), metabolic (diabetes, galactosemia etc.), toxic substances including drugs abuses, alcohol etc., radiation (ultraviolet, electromagnetic waves etc.) are implicated as significant risk factors in the development of cataract.
A 4fJ/bit delay-hardened physically unclonable function circuit with selective bit destabilization in 14nm tri-gate CMOS (2016)

A 1024-bit delay-hardened physically unclonable function (PUF) array is fabricated in 14nm tri-gate CMOS, targeted for on-die secure generation of a full-entropy 128bit key. Differential clock delay injection, selective destabilization of unstable bits and temporal-majority-voting (TMV) based winnowing enable 1.7× higher post-burn-in BER improvement, 50% reduction in dark-bit induced bit-errors and worst-case BER of 1.46%. Spectral analysis of unstable PUF bits show significant 1/f noise impacts below 500MHz. In-situ field aging with write feedback improves bit stability by up to 48%.
Oil Palm Tree Detection with High Resolution Multi-Spectral Satellite Imagery (2014)

Oil palm tree is an important cash crop in Thailand. To maximize the productivity from planting, oil palm plantation managers need to know the number of oil palm trees in the plantation area. In order to obtain this information, an approach for palm tree detection using high resolution satellite images is proposed. This approach makes it possible to count the number of oil palm trees in a plantation. The process begins with the selection of the vegetation index having the highest discriminating power between oil palm trees and background. The index having highest discriminating power is then used as the primary feature for palm tree detection. We hypothesize that oil palm trees are located at the local peak within the oil palm area. To enhance the separability between oil palm tree crowns and background, the rank transformation is applied to the index image. The local peak on the enhanced index image is then detected by using the non-maximal suppression algorithm. Since both rank transformation and non-maximal suppression are window based, semi-variogram analysis is used to determine the appropriate window size. The performance of the proposed method was tested on high resolution satellite images. In general, our approach uses produced very accurate results, e.g., about 90 percent detection rate when compared with manual labeling.
Novel self-configurable positioning technique for multihop wireless networks (2005)

Geographic location information can effectively improve the performance (e.g., in routing or intelligent coordination) of large wireless networks. In this paper, we propose a novel self-configurable positioning technique for multihop wireless networks, based on a Euclidean distance estimation model and a coordinates establishment scheme. A number of nodes serve as the landmarks to establish a coordinates system. Specifically, any pair of landmarks estimate their Euclidean distance according to the shortest path length between them and establish the coordinates system by minimizing an error objective function. Other nodes in the network can accordingly contact the landmarks and determine their own coordinates. The proposed technique is independent of the Global Navigation Satellite Systems (GNSSs), and the established coordinates can be easily tuned to GNSS if at least one node in the network is equipped with GNSS receiver. Our simulation results show that the proposed self-configurable positioning technique is highly fault-tolerable to measurement inaccuracy and can effectively establish the coordinates for multihop wireless networks. More landmarks yield more accurate results. With the rectification of our Euclidean distance estimation model, four to seven landmarks are usually sufficient to meet the accuracy requirement in a network with hundreds of nodes. The computing time for coordinates establishment is in the order of milliseconds for a GHz CPU, acceptable for most applications in the mobile ad hoc networks as well as the sensor networks.
AFA Membership Promotion (1979)

Hi I Many of you may not be aware that the Membership Promotion Committee has both some new faces and new goals this year. As Dr. Baer mentioned at the 1978 Dallas convention this August, AFA 's objective this year is to double its membership. While the state coordinators have by this time received a detailed memo outlining some techniques and procedures for increasing membership, doubling our ranks is going to require a little work on everyone's part. Each AF A member should attempt to increase the size of our organization by enrolling 2 new members this year. There are people we all know who should belong but don't. Show them Watchbird and explain to them what AFA represents and can do for them. Put an application in their hand and get them signed up. The next time you see them ask if they have joined - if not, talk it up some more - repeat this procedure as often as necessary to achieve success. Applications and a mimeo explaining AFA are available through your club delegates and state coordinators. Remember -Numbers Talk. (But only if we do first!) If anyone out there wishes to become a member of the membership promotion committee or has any ideas that would help, please drop me a line. Tim Dahle Membership Promotion Committee Chairperson 913 Genine Dr. Glen Burnie, MD 21061