gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Probabilistically Coded Modulation Formats for 5G Mobile Fronthaul Networks (2019)

The centralized/cloud radio access network architecture is being considered as a promising solution for fifth-generation cellular networks. In particular, the stringent capacity and latency requirements of the fronthaul segment call for innovations in the design of new architectures and transceivers that support adaptive communication resource allocation between centralized baseband processing units and remote radio heads. In this paper, we propose probabilistically coded three-level pulse amplitude modulation and five-point quadrature amplitude modulation schemes in hybrid mobile fronthaul (MFH) networks that support both coherent detection and direct detection. We propose encoding and decoding algorithms and optimize the decoder configuration through simulations. Based on a distributed pseudorandom encoding technique developed in our earlier work, we adapt the modulation type and code rate per fronthaul connection in real-time. Using two separate software-defined networking enabled downlink and uplink transmission testbeds employing code division multiplexing technology, we demonstrate the benefits of our proposed modulation formats for multicast transmission in hybrid networking scenarios as well as the advantages of adaptive bidirectional transmission in MFH networks.
FUTURE MEDIUM VOLTAGE SWITCHGEAR: COMPRESSED AIR OR ALTERNATIVE INSULATION GAS? (2021)

Since about 10 years the research on alternative insulation gases in medium voltage switchgear applications is ongoing and different solutions have been presented. As all solutions have some drawbacks compared to SF6, there is not only one solution promoted by all manufacturers, but different solutions are developed, and first products have been launched. The main competing designs are gas insulated switchgear or switches with alternative insulation gas mixtures containing a fluoroketone compound at total pressures below 1,5 bar for all voltage levels and on the other hand pressurized air with increased pressures depending on the voltage level of up to 3,5 bar absolute at 40,5 kV. Each solution claims to be the best, only focusing on supporting arguments. In a comparison of all relevant technical and economic arguments a much better basis is given to decide which technical solution has the highest benefit.
Cardioprotective Role for angiotensin-(1-7) and Angiotensin Converting Enzyme 2 in the Heart (2006)

Angiotensin-(1-7), a biologically active peptide of the renin-angiotensin system, is cardioprotective following ischemia/reperfusion and reduces cardiac hypertrophy. A recently discovered homolog of angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE), ACE2, is present in the heart and synthesizes angiotensin-(1-7) from angiotensin II. Cardiac ACE2 is elevated following inhibition of Ang II subtype 1 (AT(1)) receptors or blockade of angiotensin II production, suggesting that angiotensin-(1-7) plays a role in the beneficial effects of AT(1) receptor antagonists and ACE inhibitors in the heart. An increase in ACE2 activity and the production of angiotensin-(1-7) may thus represent a novel therapy for heart failure following myocardial infarction.
A$^{\mbox{\huge\bf 2}}$BC (2001)

Due to larger buses (length, width) and deep sub-micron effects where coupling capacitances between bus lines are in the same order of magnitude as base capacitances, power consumption of interconnects starts to have a significant impact on a system's total power consumption. We present novel address bus encoding schemes that take coupling effects into consideration. The basis is a physical bus model that quantifies coupling capacitances. As a result, we report power/energy savings on the address buses of up to 56% compared to the best known ordinary power/energy efficient encoding schemes. Thereby, we exceed the only to-date approach that also takes coupling effects into consideration. Moreover, our encoding schemes do not assume any a priori knowledge that is particular to a specific application.
Scanning Electrochemical Cell Microscopy: Theory and Experiment for Quantitative High Resolution Spatially-Resolved Voltammetry and Simultaneous Ion-Conductance Measurements (2012)

Scanning electrochemical cell microscopy (SECCM) is a high resolution electrochemical scanning probe technique that employs a dual-barrel theta pipet probe containing electrolyte solution and quasi-reference counter electrodes (QRCE) in each barrel. A thin layer of electrolyte protruding from the tip of the pipet ensures that a gentle meniscus contact is made with a substrate surface, which defines the active surface area of an electrochemical cell. The substrate can be an electrical conductor, semiconductor, or insulator. The main focus here is on the general case where the substrate is a working electrode, and both ion-conductance measurements between the QRCEs in the two barrels and voltammetric/amperometric measurements at the substrate can be made simultaneously. In usual practice, a small perpendicular oscillation of the probe with respect to the substrate is employed, so that an alternating conductance current (ac) develops, due to the change in the dimensions of the electrolyte contact (and hence resistance), as well as the direct conductance current (dc). It is shown that the dc current can be predicted for a fixed probe by solving the Nernst–Planck equation and that the ac response can also be derived from this response. Both responses are shown to agree well with experiment. It is found that the pipet geometry plays an important role in controlling the dc conductance current and that this is easily measured by microscopy. A key feature of SECCM is that mass transport to the substrate surface is by diffusion and, for charged analytes, ion migration which can be controlled and varied quantifiably via the bias between the two QRCEs. For a working electrode substrate this means that charged redox-active analytes can be transported to the electrode/solution interface in a well-defined and controllable manner and that relatively fast heterogeneous electron transfer kinetics can be studied. The factors controlling the voltammetric response are determined by both simulation and experiment. Experiments demonstrate the realization of simultaneous quantitative voltammetric and ion conductance measurements and also identify a general rule of thumb that the surface contacted by electrolyte is of the order of the pipet probe dimensions.
Optimizing HANS Color Separation: Meet the CMY Metamers (2011)

HANS – the Neugebauer Primary based color separation and halftoning print control approach – was presented in broad terms at CIC18. The present paper provides an in–depth look at how HANS color separation can be optimized, what level of variety it provides access to and how it can be used for direct optimization of print attributes. The results show that even in the case of having only three colorants – CMY, where current approaches lead to unique solutions, HANS provides significant metamer sets that lead to variety in print attributes such as the 12.7% ink use range show in the results.
Plantlet size affects growth and development of strawberry plug transplants (2003)

An experiment was conducted to determine what effect plantlet size has on the growth and development of strawberry (Fragaria × ananassa Duch.) plug transplants. 'Sweet Charlie' plantlets from 2 and 4 mm diameter stolons, and with zero, one, or two fully expanded leaves, were selected and grouped into a factorial set of treatments. These plantlets were first rooted in 18.8 cm cells and then moved to 110 cm cells. After a growth period of 6 weeks, the plants were placed in a growth chamber for 2 weeks under conditions conducive to flower bud initiation. The plants were then transplanted into a greenhouse hydroponic gutter system. Root, crown, and flower data suggest that two-leaf plantlets can produce field-ready transplants quicker than zero or one-leaf plantlets, and that plantlets from large diameter stolons should be used to produce early fruiting transplants.
Engineered dendritic cells from cord blood and adult blood accelerate effector T cell immune reconstitution against HCMV (2015)

Human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) harmfully impacts survival after peripheral blood hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (PB-HSCT). Delayed immune reconstitution after cord blood (CB)-HSCT leads to even higher HCMV-related morbidity and mortality. Towards a feasible dendritic cell therapy to accelerate de novo immunity against HCMV, we validated a tricistronic integrase-defective lentiviral vector (coexpressing GM-CSF, IFN-α, and HCMV pp65 antigen) capable to directly induce self-differentiation of PB and CB monocytes into dendritic cells processing pp65 ("SmyleDCpp65"). In vitro, SmyleDCpp65 resisted HCMV infection, activated CD4(+) and CD8(+) T cells and expanded functional pp65-specific memory cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs). CD34(+) cells obtained from PB and CB were transplanted into irradiated NOD.Rag1(-/-).IL2γc(-/-) mice. Donor-derived SmyleDCpp65 administration after PB-HSCT stimulated peripheral immune effects: lymph node remodeling, expansion of polyclonal effector memory CD8(+) T cells in blood, spleen and bone marrow, and pp65-reactive CTL and IgG responses. SmyleDCpp65 administration after CB-HSCT significantly stimulated thymopoiesis. Expanded frequencies of CD4(+)/CD8(+) T cell precursors containing increased levels of T-cell receptor excision circles in thymus correlated with peripheral expansion of effector memory CTL responses against pp65. The comparative in vivo modeling for PB and CB-HSCT provided dynamic and spatial information regarding human T and B cell reconstitution. In vivo potency supports future clinical development of SmyleDCpp65.
Effects of composition and processing on development of grain coarsening resistance in cold forged and carburised steel (2002)

AbstractAbstractA series of high nitrogen 0·2 wt-%C steels was melted to evaluate the effects of composition and processing on the isochronal austenite grain coarsening resistance of cold forged compression specimens during simulated carburising. Steels containing aluminium or combinations of aluminium and vanadium exhibit good grain coarsening resistance in the presence of a sufficiently high content of grain refining precipitates, whereas steels containing niobium and aluminium exhibit an extremely high degree of microstructural stability as a result of the relative thermodynamic independence with which Nb(C,N) and AlN coexist in austenite. In addition to the effects of grain refining precipitates, the evolution of the ferrite—carbide microstructure and the elimination of microstructural strain before austenitisation have a significant effect on grain coarsening resistance independent of steel composition. Grain coarsening resistance in this context is beneficially affected by reheating and hot rolling at high temperatures, subcritical (precipitation) annealing before cold forging, and subcritical annealing after cold forging.
Optical method of penetration sensing for pulsed Nd:YAG laser welding (1997)

The ability to monitor and control the depth of a laser weld in real-time is critical in many laser welding applications. Consequently, the authors have investigated the use of an optical method to sense weld depth. Welds were generated on kovar samples, using a pulsed Nd:YAG laser. The sensing method uses digital high-speed photography to measure the velocity of the plume of vaporized metal atoms ejected from the metal surface. An energy balance equation is then used to relate the plume velocity to the size of the weld. Numerical solution of the energy balance equation yielded values for weld depth that were within 8% of the actual measured values.
Importance of the Alanine Methyl Ester Side Chain for the Biological Activity Profile of Dual-Function Phenyl Phosphate Derivatives of Bromo-Methoxy-Zidovudine (2000)

In a systematic search for developing a virucidal spermicide with potent anti-human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and spermicidal activities, we synthesized and evaluated 14 phosphoramidate derivatives of 5-bromo-6-methoxy-zidovudine (PP-BMZ) with differing amino acid ester side chains and para substitutions on the phenyl moiety. Anti-HIV activity was tested by measuring viral p24 antigen production as a marker of viral replication in HIV-1-infected human peripheral blood mononuclear cells. The effect of various PP-BMZ compounds on human sperm motion kinematics was analysed by computer-assisted sperm analysis. Varying the Ala side chain of the phosphoramidate group to other non-polar amino acids, including the cyclic amino acids proline and tryptophan, led to significant alterations in both anti-HIV and spermicidal activities. Our findings highlight the necessity of the Ala side chain and the presence of an electron-withdrawing para-bromo substituent on the phenyl moiety in addition to the bromo-methoxy functional groups on the thymine ring for the PP-BMZ compounds to be effective virucidal spermicides. These membrane permeable dual-function nucleoside analogues may provide the basis for a new strategy aimed at prevention of the sexual transmission of HIV while providing fertility control for women.
Hydroxyhexafluoroisopropylnorbornene Block and Random Copolymers via Vinyl Addition Polymerization and Their Application as Biobutanol Pervaporation Membranes (2015)

Vinyl addition polymers of substituted norbornene (NB) monomers possess very high glass-transition temperatures, making them useful in diverse applications; however, until very recently, the lack of an applicable living polymerization chemistry has precluded the synthesis of such polymers with controlled architecture, or copolymers with controlled sequence distribution. In the present work, block and random copolymers of NB monomers bearing hydroxyhexafluoroisopropyl and n-butyl substituents (HFANB and BuNB) are synthesized via living vinyl addition polymerization, using (η3-allyl)Pd(i-Pr3P)Cl activated by [Li(OEt2)2.5]B(C6F5)4 as the initiator. Both series of polymers are cast into the selective skin layers of thin film composite (TFC) membranes, and these organophilic membranes are investigated for the concentration of n-butanol from dilute aqueous solution via pervaporation. The block copolymers show well-defined microphase-separated morphologies, both in bulk and as the selective skin layers on TFC membranes, while the random copolymers are homogeneous. Both block and random vinyl addition copolymers are effective as n-butanol pervaporation membranes, with the block copolymers showing a better flux-selectivity balance; the optimal block copolymer, containing 19 wt % BuNB, showed a process separation factor of 21 and a flux of 4300 g m–2 h–1 with a 1.00 wt % aqueous n-butanol feed, at a selective layer thickness of 1.3 μm. While polyHFANB has much higher permeability and selectivity than polyBuNB, incorporating BuNB units into the polymer (in either a block or random sequence) limits the swelling of the polyHFANB and thereby improves the n-butanol pervaporation selectivity. An analogous block copolymer derived from ring-opening metathesis polymerization, which shows much greater swelling than the vinyl addition polymers, shows a correspondingly higher flux and lower selectivity.
On the Use of Ultrasound-Based Technology for Cargo Inspection (2016)

A new guided wave imaging application for fast, low-cost ultrasound-based cargo scanning system is proposed. The ultimate goal is the detection of high-atomic-number, shielding containers used to diminish the radiological signature of nuclear threats. This ultrasonic technology has the potential to complement currently deployed X-ray-based radiographic systems, thus enhancing the probability of detecting nuclear threats. An array of ultrasonic transceivers can be attached to the metallic structure of the cargo to create a guided Lamb wave. Guided medium thickness and composition variation creates reflections whose placement can be revealed by means of an imaging algorithm. The knowledge of the reflection position provides information about the shielding metallic container location inside the cargo. Moreover, due to the low coupling between metallic and nonmetallic surfaces, only the footprint of metallic containers shows up in the imaging results, thus avoiding false positives from plastic or wooden assets. As imaging capabilities are degraded if working with dispersive Lamb wave modes, the operating frequency is tuned to provide a tradeoff between low dispersion and real-time image resolution. Reflected waves in the guided domain bounds may limit the performance of imaging methods for guided media. This contribution proposes a solution based on real-time Fourier domain analysis, where plane wave components can be filtered out, thus removing nondesired contributions from bounds. Several realistic examples, scaled due to limited calculation capabilities of the available computational resources, are presented in this work, showing the feasibility of the proposed method.
Surface Structure Enhanced Microchannel Flow Boiling (2016)

We investigated the role of surface microstructures in two-phase microchannels on suppressing flow instabilities and enhancing heat transfer. We designed and fabricated microchannels with well-defined silicon micropillar arrays on the bottom heated microchannel wall to promote capillary flow for thin film evaporation while facilitating nucleation only from the sidewalls. Our experimental results show significantly reduced temperature and pressure drop fluctuation especially at high heat fluxes. A critical heat flux (CHF) of 969 W/cm2 was achieved with a structured surface, a 57% enhancement compared to a smooth surface. We explain the experimental trends for the CHF enhancement with a liquid wicking model. The results suggest that capillary flow can be maximized to enhance heat transfer via optimizing the microstructure geometry for the development of high performance two-phase microchannel heat sinks.
Controlling Epitaxial GaAs<sub>x</sub>P<sub>1-x</sub>/Si<sub>1-y</sub>Ge<sub>y</sub> Heterovalent Interfaces (2013)

High quality epitaxial growth of GaAsP on SiGe templates would allow access to materials and band gaps that would enable novel, high performance devices on Si. However, GaAsP/SiGe interface engineering has proved to be very complex. In this paper, we explore the effects of strain at the heterovalent interface between GaAsP and SiGe alloys on the overall defect morphology.
FALCON (2014)

In this paper, we focus on systematic and efficient computation (accurate value or an estimate) of metrics such as performance, power, energy, etc. of a component-based parameterized system-on-chip (SoC). Traditionally, given models of SoC components (such as cycle-accurate simulator of a processor, trace-based simulator of a cache/memory), a designer manually determines an execution schedule of these models (such as execute processor simulator, followed by cache/memory simulator) to combine/propagate their individual results for computation of a SoC metric.
Development and Field Trial of New Acid Soluble Drilling Fluids (2017)

Abstract Stuck pipe, historically, has presented huge challenges to the worldwide oil industry. Stuck pipe has resulted in a great amount of nonproductive time, thereby causing huge monetary losses to the oil industry. A new drilling fluid has been designed, which employs a combination of two different weighting agents viz. barite and manganese tetroxide (Mn3O4) to overcome the problems linked with stuck pipe. Drilling fluids formulated with a combination of manganese tetroxide and barite as weighting agents are expected to have the following advantages: a) Better sag resistance, b) lower equivalent circulating density (ECD), c) lower fluid cost, and d) stuck pipe mitigation due to acid solubility of manganese tetroxide. This paper describes the formulation of 100 pcf and 150 pcf drilling fluids formulated with a combination of barite and Mn3O4 as weighting materials and hot rolled at 270°F and 300°F, respectively. The experimental work involves measuring rheological properties and high temperature, high pressure (HTHP) fluid loss at the specified temperature. Barite sag measurements were also performed on 150 pcf drilling fluids to determine the sag resistance of the fluid. The paper describes results of using different organic acid based filter-cake breaker fluids for the partial dissolution of Mn3O4 based filter cake. The paper also describes the data obtained from the field trial of 100 pcf and 155 pcf fluids formulated with barite and Mn3O4 for wells with a BHST of 290°F. The paper discusses the advantage of using such drilling fluids in mitigating stuck pipe issues and highlights their benefits in terms of better barite sag resistance and lower equivalent circulating density as compared to conventional drilling fluids formulated with barite as weighting agent. The 100 pcf and 150 pcf fluids showed superior rheology, thin filter cake and better sag resistance as compared to fluids formulated with only barite as the weighting agent. Different organic acids were able to partially dissolve the filter cake of drilling fluids formulated with barite and manganese tetroxide as weighting agents. This partial dissolution of filter cake is sufficient to free the pipe in the case of any stuck pipe event in the wellbore. The drilling fluids formulated with a combination of barite and manganese tetroxide showed good rheology, barite-sag resistance and resulted in successful drilling of wells having a BHST of 290°F.
Enhanced peak-to-valley current ratio in InGaAs∕InAlAs trench-type quantum-wire negative differential resistance field-effect transistors (2005)

Trench-type narrow InGaAs quantum-wire field-effect transistors (QWR-FETs) have been fabricated on (311)A InP V-groove substrates by hydrogen-assisted molecular-beam epitaxy. Enhanced negative differential resistance (NDR) effects with a peak-to-valley ratio (PVR) as high as 13.3 have been observed at an onset voltage of 0.16V in the QWR-FETs at 24K. The PVR increased with reductions in the InGaAs epitaxial layer thickness, which caused an enhanced mobility difference between the QWR and side quantum wells (QWs). This forms a velocity modulation transistor based on the real-space transfer of electrons from the high mobility QWR to the low mobility side QWs. The NDR effects were observed up to 230K as the gate length was decreased to 50nm. A unique feature of the QWR-FET is that NDR effects are controllable with the gate bias in a three-terminal configuration.
Synthesis of potential anticancer agents. Pyrido[4,3-b][1,4]oxazines and pyrido[4,3-b][1,4]thiazines (1983)

Hydrolysis of the chloro group of ethyl (6-amino-4-chloro-5-nitropyridin-2-yl)carbamate (3) with formic acid gave the corresponding 4-hydroxypyridine 4. Catalytic hydrogenation of the nitro group of 4 gave the 5-amino-4-hydroxypyridine 5, which was reacted with alpha-halo ketones in acetic acid at room temperature to give a series of 3- and 2,3-substituted ethyl (5-amino-2H-pyrido[4,3-b][1,4]oxazin-7-yl)carbamates 8. Treatment of 8 with hot concentrated hydrochloric acid regenerated the pyridine synthon 5. In the reaction of 3 with thioacetate, the product underwent hydrolysis and air-oxidation to give the corresponding disulfide 6. Simultaneous reduction of both the nitro group and disulfide linkage of 6 gave the 5-amino-4-mercaptopyridine 7, which was reacted with alpha-halo ketones either in acetic acid at room temperature or in a mixture of ethanol and water at reflux to give a series of 3-, 2,3-, and 2,2,3-substituted ethyl (5-amino-2H-pyridol[4,3-b][1,4]thiazin-7-yl)carbamates 9. The effects of these pyridooxazines and pyridothiazines upon the proliferation and the mitotic index of cultured L1210 cells and upon the survival of mice bearing P388 leukemia were determined.