gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
THE KSHV/HHV 8 G PROTEIN COUPLED RECEPTOR IS A VIRAL ONCOGENE AND ANGIOGENESIS ACTIVATOR (1998)

64 Kaposi's sarcoma associated herpesvirus or Human herpesvirus 8 (KSHV/HHV 8) is implicated in the pathogenesis of Kaposi's sarcoma (KS) and primary effusion (body cavity-based) lymphoma (PEL). KSHV infects malignant and progenitor cells of KS and PEL, it encodes putative oncogenes and genes that may cause KS pathogenesis by stimulating angiogenesis. The G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) encoded by ORF 74 of KSHV (KSHV-GPCR) is homologous to the receptor of the angiogenic human chemokine IL-8. KSHV-GPCR displays constitutive (agonist independent) activity that stimulates signaling cascades linked to cell proliferation and is expressed in KS and PEL. We found that expression of KSHV-GPCR in NIH3T3 cells leads to formation of focus of cell transformation and tumorigencity in nude mice. Analysis of the of supernatants from NIH3T3 cells transiently and stably transfected with KSHV-GPCR showed that expression of KSHV-GPCR is sufficient to induce a switch to an angiogenic phenotype characterized by mitogenicity to HUVECs, and microtubule formation "in vitro" and mediated by vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), an angiogenesis inducer and KS-spindle-cell growth factor. Co-transfection of KSHV-GPCR with epitope-tagged MAPKs showed that KSHV-GPCR can activate JNK/SAPK and p38MAPK, the two protein kinase cascades characteristic of signaling by inflammatory cytokines, which are angiogenesis activators and mitogens for KS-cells and B-cells. We conclude that KSHV-GPCR is a viral oncogene exploiting cell signaling pathways able to play a role in KSHV-mediated oncogenesis. This is the first demonstration that a KSHV gene is capable of inducing both transformation and an angiogenic phenotype in mammalian cells, strongly supporting the concept that KSHV infection plays a direct role in KS pathogenesis and lymphomagenesis.
Serological differentiation of human papillomavirus types 11, 16 and 18 using recombinant virus-like particles (1994)

The L1 major capsid protein-coding sequences of human papillomavirus (HPV) types 11, 16 and 18 were expressed in the baculovirus system. Virus-like particles (VLPs) were purified from recombinant-infected Spodoptera frugiperda Sf9 cells and cell-free culture supernatants. Rabbits immunized with purified VLPs developed antibodies that reacted only with the specific VLP type used as the immunogen. In addition, rabbit antibodies raised against infectious HPV-11 virions only reacted with HPV-11 L1 VLPs and not with VLPs derived from either HPV-16 or HPV-18. These results suggest that HPV-11, HPV-16 and HPV-18 virions are antigenically distinct from one another. This observation should be considered in future studies of immune responses to HPV.
Regression-Based Motion Vector Field for Video Coding (2019)

In this paper, we study a method for compensating the non-translational motion behavior in video coding. The proposed method models the motion field of a prediction block based on the motion information of the neighboring blocks by using a linear regression approach. In order to provide a finer granularity of motion vectors the Regression-based Motion Vector Field (RMVF) method derives the motion field in 4×4 sub-block accuracy. Such approach generates a smooth and more realistic motion vector field inside the prediction block. The motion field generated with RMVF is then used as a new merge mode along with other merge modes in VTM-2.0 test model of the Versatile Video Coding (H.266/VVC) standard. The conducted experiments with JVET CTC sequences illustrate that the proposed RMVF method provides 0.77%, 0.19% and 0.41% bitrate reductions with random access (RA), low delay B (LDB) and low delay P (LDP) configurations, respectively. Furthermore, this method provides on average 0.65% bitrate saving for the 360° sequences in equirectangular projection format (ERP) with RA configuration.
Role of adenosine as mediator of bradyarrhythmias during hypoxia in isolated guinea pig hearts (1986)

Tissue concentrations of adenosine, an endogenous metabolite with negative chronotropic and dromotropic actions, are known to increase when myocardial oxygen supply is reduced. In this study the concentrations of endogenous adenosine released during a period of hypoxic perfusion were measured to determine whether they are sufficient to account for the effect of hypoxia on atrioventricular conduction in isolated perfused guinea pig hearts. In addition, the efficacy of competitive adenosine antagonism in reversing the effect of hypoxia on atrioventricular conduction and atrial automaticity were compared. Effluent samples for adenosine were collected at the onset of spontaneous and atrial pacing induced second degree atrioventricular block during hypoxic perfusion (PO2 3.07 kPa) and during the combined infusion of adenosine plus the nucleoside transport blocker, dipyridamole (PO2 71.1 kPa). The mean (SEM) atrial cycle lengths associated with the onset of atrioventricular block were 333(10) and 297(2) ms respectively. Effluent concentrations of adenosine associated with atrioventricular block during hypoxia (2342(160) pmol X min-1 X g-1 heart weight) were approximately equal to those obtained during the infusion of adenosine plus dipyridamole (2538(256) pmol X min-1 X g-1 heart weight) (no statistically significant difference). During hypoxic perfusion, among hearts showing spontaneous atrioventricular block and those in which atrial slowing prevented the onset of spontaneous block, the competitive adenosine antagonist aminophylline (60 mumol X litre-1) reversed either spontaneous or atrial pacing induced block without any effect on spontaneous atrial cycle length.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Random Warping Series: A Random Features Method for Time-Series Embedding (2018)

Time series data analytics has been a problem of substantial interests for decades, and Dynamic Time Warping (DTW) has been the most widely adopted technique to measure dissimilarity between time series. A number of global-alignment kernels have since been proposed in the spirit of DTW to extend its use to kernel-based estimation method such as support vector machine. However, those kernels suffer from diagonal dominance of the Gram matrix and a quadratic complexity w.r.t. the sample size. In this work, we study a family of alignment-aware positive definite (p.d.) kernels, with its feature embedding given by a distribution of \emph{Random Warping Series (RWS)}. The proposed kernel does not suffer from the issue of diagonal dominance while naturally enjoys a \emph{Random Features} (RF) approximation, which reduces the computational complexity of existing DTW-based techniques from quadratic to linear in terms of both the number and the length of time-series. We also study the convergence of the RF approximation for the domain of time series of unbounded length. Our extensive experiments on 16 benchmark datasets demonstrate that RWS outperforms or matches state-of-the-art classification and clustering methods in both accuracy and computational time. Our code and data is available at { \url{https://github.com/IBM/RandomWarpingSeries}}.
Security-Reliability Trade-Off Analysis for Multiuser SIMO Mixed RF/FSO Relay Networks With Opportunistic User Scheduling (2016)

In this paper, we study the performance of multiuser single-input multiple-output mixed radio frequency (RF)/free space optical (FSO) relay network with opportunistic user scheduling. The considered system includes multiple users, one amplify-and-forward relay, one destination, and a multipleantenna eavesdropper. The users are connected with the relay node through RF links and the relay is connected with the destination through an FSO link. Both maximum ratio combining and selection combining schemes are used at the multipleantenna relay to combine the signal received from the best user on different antennas. The RF/FSO channels models are assumed to follow Nakagami-m/gamma-gamma fading models with pointing errors. Closed-form expressions are derived for the outage probability, average symbol error probability, and ergodic channel capacity. Then, the power of the selected best user is determined to minimize the system asymptotic outage probability under the dominant RF or FSO link. Then, the considered system secrecy performance is investigated, where the closedform expressions for the intercept probability are derived. Finally, we propose a new cooperative jamming model in which the worst user is selected by the authorized system to jam the existing eavesdropper. Monte-Carlo simulations are provided to validate the achieved exact and asymptotic results.
Operating conditions for a pulse-quantized AC and DC bipolar voltage source (1999)

We have developed an accurate ac and dc bipolar voltage source based on the quantized pulses of Josephson junctions. A factor-of-6 increase in output voltage over previous unipolar waveforms is achieved by generating bipolar waveforms where arrays of junctions are biased with both a broadband two-level digital code and a sine wave. We use simulations to determine the optimum operating conditions as a function of frequency and as a function of the phase difference between the digital code and the sinusoidal drive.
Optofluidic Microsorter: an integrated flow cytometry instrument for cell biology applications (2006)

The authors have built a high-throughput, fluorescence-activated microfluidic cell sorter based on an active, all-optical particle control switch. After being aligned to the center of the channel by flow focusing, cells are analyzed and then switched based on their detected fluorescence. Target cells are directed by the laser to the collection output while all other cells flow to the waste output.
Evidence of saturation-enhanced switching at a nonlinear interface (1990)

Experimental results of beam switching at a nonlinear interface suggest that saturation of the nonlinearity may be primarily responsible for the observed high quality of switching. If this can be definitely confirmed, it could have significant impact on the potential use of the interface in ultrafast applications, since most saturation effects are virtually instantaneous.
Development of a transformation system for the flavinogenic yeast (2002)

Riboflavin-overproducing mutants of the flavinogenic yeast Candida famata are used for industrial riboflavin production. This paper describes the development of an efficient transformation system for this species. Leucine-deficient mutants have been isolated from C. famata VKM Y-9 wild-type strain. Among them leu2 mutants were identified by transformation to leucine prototrophy with plasmids YEp13 and PRpL2 carrying the Saccharomyces cerevisiae LEU2 gene. DNA fragments (called CfARSs) conferring increased transformation frequencies and extrachromosomal replication were isolated from a C. famata gene library constructed on the integrative vector containing the S. cerevisiae LEU2 gene as a selective marker. The smallest cloned fragment (CfARS16) has been sequenced. This one had high adenine plus thymine (A+T) base pair content and a sequence homologous to the S. cerevisiae ARS Consensus Sequence. Methods for spheroplast transformation and electrotransformation of the yeast C. famata were optimized. They conferred high transformation frequencies (up to 10(5) transformants per microg DNA) with a C. famata leu2 mutant using replicative plasmids containing the S. cerevisiae LEU2 gene as a selective marker. Riboflavin-deficient mutants were isolated from the C. famata leu2 strain and their biochemical identification was carried out. Using the developed transformation system, several C. famata genomic fragments complementing mutations of structural genes for riboflavin biosynthesis (coding for GTP cyclohydrolase, reductase, dihydroxybutanone phosphate synthase and riboflavin synthase, respectively) have been cloned.
The Reconfigurable Streaming Vector Processor (RSVP (2003)

The need to process multimedia data places large computational demands on portable/embedded devices. These multimedia functions share common characteristics: they are computationally intensive and data-streaming, performing the same operation(s) on many data elements. The Reconfigurable Streaming Vector Processor (RSVP TM ) is a vector coprocessor architecture that accelerates streaming data operations. Programming the RSVP architecture involves describing the shape and location of vector streams in memory and describing computations as data-flow graphs. These descriptions are intuitive and independent of each other, making the RSVP architecture easy to program. They are also machine independent, allowing binary-compatible implementations with varying cost-performance tradeoffs. This paper presents the RSVP architecture and programming model, a programming case study, and our first implementation. Our results show significant speedups on streaming data functions. Speedups for kernels and applications range from 2 to over 20 times that of an ARM9 host processor alone.
Major Advances in Nutrition: Impact on Milk Composition (2006)

A number of major scientific advances have been realized in the last 25 yr in determining the opportunities and limitations of altering milk composition through nutritional manipulation. Because of the greater sensitivity of milk fat to dietary manipulation than either protein or lactose, nutritional control of milk fat content and fatty acid composition received a great deal of attention. New information emerged linking ruminal production of trans fatty acid isomers with milk fat depression. As a result, research on fatty acid biohydrogenation intensified yielding new insight on the origin of specific trans fatty acid isomers originating from ruminal biohydrogenation and how these isomers were modified by the action of mammary enzymes. The discovery of conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) as a potent anticarcinogen also led to extensive work on enhancing its concentration in milk through nutritional manipulation and discovering the physiological effects of specific CLA isomers. New protected fats were developed in recent years that were designed to resist biohydrogenation and enhance the concentration of unsaturated fatty acids in milk. The nutritional factors receiving the most attention during the last 25 yr for their influence on milk protein content were forage-to-concentrate ratio, the amount and source of dietary protein, and the amount and source of dietary fat. New insights were tested on modes of action whereby fat supplements caused a decline in protein concentration. Changes in milk lactose concentration occur only in extreme and unusual feeding situations, but the basic biology of lactose synthesis and regulation are still being explored using modern molecular techniques. This paper highlights the major advances in controlling milk composition by dietary manipulation and how it influences the entire animal system from practical feeding studies to basic cellular work on mammary tissue metabolism.
Elimination of Basal Plane Dislocations in Epitaxial 4H-SiC via Multicycle Rapid Thermal Annealing (2015)

Elimination of basal plane dislocations (BPDs) in epitaxial 4H-SiC is demonstrated via a novel pulsed annealing technique in a moderate N 2 overpressure of 0.55 MPa. BPD removal in 15 µm thick epitaxial 4H-SiC was confirmed using ultraviolet photoluminescence (UVPL) imaging before and after the annealing process. The samples were capped with a carbon cap, introduced into the annealing chamber, and brought up to a base temperature (T BASE ) of around 1550 °C for the pulsed anneal. The multicycle rapid thermal anneal (MRTA) was then performed in the T BASE :T MAX range, where T MAX = 1875 °C was the peak temperature reached by the annealing cycles. Post-anneal surface quality and carrier lifetime were characterized by atomic force microscopy and time-resolved photoluminescence decay.
Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction for Detecting SARS Coronavirus, Beijing, 2003 (2004)

During the 2003 severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) outbreak, a real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction, which targets the nucleocapsid gene at the 3' end of the viral genome, was established to detect and identify the SARS-associated coronavirus. We describe the use of this assay to screen >700 clinical samples.
Enantioselective Aldol Cyclodehydrations Catalyzed by Antibody 38C2 (1999)

[formula: see text] Aldolase antibody 38C2 catalyzes the enantioselective aldol cyclodehydration of 4-substituted-2,6-heptanediones (3) to give enantiomerically enriched 5-substituted-3-methyl-2-cyclohexen-1-ones (4). Yields, enantioselectivities, and product purities are markedly increased compared to the L-proline-catalyzed reactions.
Comprehensive Evaluation of the Safety and Efficacy of BAFASAL® Bacteriophage Preparation for the Reduction of Salmonella in the Food Chain (2020)

Bacteriophages are bacterial predators, which are garnering much interest nowadays vis-à-vis the global phenomenon of antimicrobial resistance. Bacteriophage preparations seem to be an alternative to antibiotics, which can be used at all levels of the food production chain. Their safety and efficacy, however, are of public concern. In this study, a detailed evaluation of BAFASAL<sup>®</sup> preparation was performed. BAFASAL<sup>®</sup> is a bacteriophage cocktail that reduces <i>Salmonella</i> in poultry farming. In vivo acute and sub-chronic toxicity studies on rats and tolerance study on targeted animals (chicken broiler) conducted according to GLP and OECD guidelines did not reveal any signs of toxicity, which could be associated with BAFASAL<sup>®</sup> administration. In addition, no evidences of genotoxicity were observed. The tolerance study with 100-times concentrated dose also did not show any statistically significant differences in the assessed parameters. The in vitro crop assay, mimicking normal feed storage and feed application conditions showed that BAFASAL<sup>®</sup> reduced the number of <i>Salmonella</i> bacteria in experimentally contaminated feed. Moreover, reductions were observed for all examined forms (liquid, powder, spray). Furthermore, the in vivo efficacy study showed that treatment with BAFASAL<sup>®</sup> significantly decreased <i>Salmonella</i> content in caeca of birds infected with <i>Salmonella</i> Enteritidis. Detailed examination of BAFASAL<sup>®</sup> in terms of safety and efficacy, adds to the body of evidence that bacteriophages are harmless to animals and effective in the struggle against bacteria.
VLSI Reed Solomon Decoder Design (1986)

A Reed Solomon code is a highly efficient error correcting code that NASA will use in future space communication missions. A VLSI implementation of the decoder is presented that accepts data rates of 80Mbits/second. A total of 7 chips are needed and operate with the symbol clock being the system clock for the chip set. Approximately 1.65 billion Galois Field operations per second are achieved with this chip set.
Almond-Shaped Test Body (1992)

Almond shaped test body developed for use in electromagnetic anechoic chamber for evaluation of range and measurement of components has low radar cross section that varies with angle over large dynamic range. Surface is composite formed by joining properly scaled ellipsoidal surfaces. Used to mount components whose radar cross sections are to be measured, and simulate backscatter characteristics of component as though it were over infinite ground plane.
Bifunctional Adsorbent-Catalytic Nanoparticles for the Refining of Renewable Feedstocks (2013)

A hybrid adsorbent-catalytic nanostructured material consisting of aminopropyl groups and nickel nanoparticles immobilized in mesoporous silica nanoparticles (AP-Ni-MSN) was employed to selectively capture free fatty acids (FFAs) and convert them into saturated hydrocarbons. The working principle of these sorbent-catalytic particles was initially tested in the hydrogenation of oleic acid. Besides providing selectivity for the capture of FFAs, the adsorbent groups also affected the selectivity of the hydrogenation reaction, shifting the chemistry from hydrocracking-based (Ni) to hydrotreating-based and improving the carbon economy of the process. This approach was ultimately evaluated by the selective sequestration of FFAs from crude microalgal oil and their subsequent conversion into liquid hydrocarbons, demonstrating the suitability of this design for the refinery of renewable feedstocks.
Random phase center motion technique for enhanced angle-Doppler discrimination using MIMO radars (2017)

A random Phase Center Motion (PCM) technique is presented in this paper, based on Frequency Modulated Continuous Wave (FMCW) radar, in order to suppress the angle-Doppler coupling in Time Division Multiplex (TDM) Multiple-Input-Multiple-Output (MIMO) radar when employing sparse array structures. The presented approach exploits an apparently moving transmit platform or PCM due to spatio-temporal transmit array modulation. In particular, the work considers a framework utilizing a random PCM trajectory. The statistical characterization of the random PCM trajectory is devised, such that the PCM and the target motion coupling is minimal, while the angular resolution is increased by enabling the virtual MIMO concept. In more details, this paper discusses sidelobe suppression approaches within the angle-Doppler Ambiguity Function (AF) by introducing a phase center probability density function within the array. This allows for enhanced discrimination of multiple targets. Simulation results demonstrate the suppression angle-Doppler coupling by more than 30 dB, even though spatio-temporal transmit array modulation is done across chirps which leads usually to strong angle-Doppler coupling.
View-dependent displacement mapping (2003)

Significant visual effects arise from surface mesostructure, such as fine-scale shadowing, occlusion and silhouettes. To efficiently render its detailed appearance, we introduce a technique called view-dependent displacement mapping (VDM) that models surface displacements along the viewing direction. Unlike traditional displacement mapping, VDM allows for efficient rendering of self-shadows, occlusions and silhouettes without increasing the complexity of the underlying surface mesh. VDM is based on per-pixel processing, and with hardware acceleration it can render mesostructure with rich visual appearance in real time.
Improved Data-Driven Yaw Misalignment Calibration of Wind Turbine via LiDAR Verification (2020)

Yaw control system (YCS) is the critical part to actively control nacelle direction parallel to the inflow direction. Aiming at the aged units, the YCS would result in the loss of power production due to a shifting error. In this paper, a yaw zero-point misalignment calibration method is proposed to improve wind direction signal accuracy. A 2MW horizontal-axis wind turbine (HAWT) in Huashan wind farm Hubei Province, is selected as the studied object. From the purpose of quantitative analysis, the zero-point shifting error of wind direction sensor, i.e. wind vane, is firstly constructed to illustrate relevance between sensor data and control signal. The improved SCADA data-driven algorithm is then established to assess the value of misalignment, with the comparison of conventional method. Besides, field test and numerical analysis of misalignment calibration with nacelle-mounted lidar are carried out in the case studies, the calibration of both data-driven algorithm and LiDAR test show great consistency, while offset between LiDAR and wind vane measurement is unexpected. Result and following illustration of the proposed test is presented in conclusion, that data-driven algorithm could be used to assess yaw misalignment and refer to the calibration.