gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Molecular studies of Ssa1, a serotype-specific antigen of Pasteurella haemolytica A1 (1991)

A serotype-specific antigen of Pasteurella haemolytica A1 encoded on the recombinant plasmid pSSA1 is characterized. Nucleotide sequence analysis of the insert DNA in pSSA1 identified the gene ssaI, which codes for a protein of approximately 100 kDa. In vivo labeling of pSSA1-encoded protein in Escherichia coli maxicells showed the expression of a 100-kDa protein from the insert DNA on the recombinant plasmid. Northern blot and primer extension analyses were used to identify the mRNA transcript in P. haemolytica A1 and the putative promoter of ssaI. The antigen (designated Ssa1) could be localized to the outer membrane of P. haemolytica A1 and E. coli clones carrying pSSA1. A rabbit serum against Ssa1 was produced by using whole cells of E. coli expressing Ssa1 on the surface as the immunogen, demonstrating that Ssa1 is immunogenic in rabbits. The results from colony immunoblot analysis with calf serum from animals that were resistant to P. haemolytica A1-induced pneumonia suggest indirectly that Ssa1 is also immunogenic in the animals.
Expanded Electrochemical Capabilities of the Electrospray Ion Source Using Porous Flow-Through Electrodes as the Upstream Ground and Emitter High-Voltage Contact (2005)

Use of a porous flow-through electrode at the upstream ground contact or at both the upstream ground contact and the high-voltage emitter contact in an electrospray ion source was shown to provide for new types of electrochemical experiments utilizing only the electrochemistry inherent to electrospray. The normal stainless steel bore-through union serving as the upstream grounding point in a floated electrospray emitter system was replaced with a high surface area porous flow-through electrode assembly to achieve effective electrochemical reduction of analytes at this point in positive ion mode, and effective electrochemical oxidation of analytes in negative ion mode. This was demonstrated by the oxidation of 3,4-dihydroxybenzoic acid and reserpine in negative ion mode and by the reduction of thionine in positive ion mode. In the case of reversible oxidation (3,4-dihydroxybenzoic acid) and reduction (thionine) processes, partial rereduction and reoxidation of the products due to reaction with products generated by cathodic and anodic processes at the emitter were observed, respectively. By implementing two high surface area porous flow-through electrodes in the system, one as the upstream grounding point and the other as the emitter electrode, a multiple-step reaction scheme was achieved that included consecutive electrochemical reduction and oxidation reactions and a following chemical reaction as demonstrated by the hydroquinone tagging of an initially disulfide-linked peptide.
An Opaque Solar Lumber Drying House Covered by a Composite Surface (2012)

Since old time, natural air drying technique had been utilized in several areas of the world before artificial drying methods for wood were developed. In Hokkaido, Japan, a research on the modified type, in place of the natural air dryer, was developed as a practical technology. For instance, the solar dryers of greenhouse-type and solar house-type were made by hand or constructed architecturally. After tested at the public institute, some of the apparatus were distributed to some areas of northern part of Hokkaido. For several decades, from just after the first energy crisis 1973 until the recent time, as an application of solar radiation in the field of forest industry, an active-type and a semi passive-type of solar wood dryers have been developed experimentally and constructed annually. For instance, a semi passive-type handmade solar lumber dryer was invented by the Hokkaido Forest Industry Product Institute, which occupied one era in a wide area as an auxiliary lumber dryer. Recently, in order to suppress the global warming, a policy to reduce emission of carbon dioxide was urgently required on the worldwide. For example, an artificial steamtype lumber drying emits a lot of carbon dioxide because it consumes a lot of fossil oil, i.e., about fifty liters per one cubic meters of wood.
Accurate Estimation of Single Counts from Axially Compressed Random Data (2006)

The use of the ordinary Poisson iterative reconstruction algorithm requires the estimation of mean random counts. In a clinical environment, random data are acquired as separate scans. When axial compression (span) is used to produce projection data, the random equation is complicated by the axial rebinning of a few lines-of-response (LOR). Previously developed methods, which were designed for basic random equations as a product of single counts, are not directly applicable. The accurate estimation of single counts per crystal from random data (in the case of axial compression) is suggested. This method utilizes the fact that the border planes of the projection segments use only one axial LOR to form an axial projection plane. The Defrise method, which solves the system of nonlinear equations, is used for border planes. The next axial planes use more LORs, but the equations are linear, if crystal singles estimations are used from the previous step. Since the number of unknown singles is significantly lower than the number of random data, various systems of equations can be constructed. In this work, 2D data (segment zero) are used for random smoothing. Computer simulations are used to verify method performance.
Polymer−Micelle Complex as an Aid to Electrospinning Nanofibers from Aqueous Solutions (2007)

We propose and demonstrate the concept that a polymer−micelle complex can be used as an aid to preparing nanofibers from aqueous solutions by the electrospinning process. This is based on the recognition that a polymer−micelle complex can simultaneously contribute to an increase in solution viscosity, decrease in surface tension, and increase in electrical conductivity, all of which favor the formation of nanofibers by electrospinning. By incorporating the polymer−micelle complex as a secondary ingredient, electrospinning of sparingly soluble or low molecular weight polymers is made possible, as is illustrated here using a PEO−SDS complex to electrospin a gel forming, genetically engineered silk-elastin biopolymer. The wide choice of polymers and surfactants available to form the polymer-micelle complex with a range of viscosity, surface tension and electrical conductivity properties, potentially allows for a variety of solutions and dispersions to be electrospun from the aqueous medium.
Electrical and nonlinear optical properties of zirconium phosphonate multilayer assemblies (1991)

Multilayer assembly of organic chromophores with inorganic interlayers is a facile technique for the preparation of nonlinear optical materials with well-defined architectures. Recent reports of T. M. Mallouk (University of Texas-Austin) have indicated that zirconium organodiphosphonates form particularly stable surface multilayers that can be constructed straightforwardly one monolayer at a time. We have synthesized a series of chromophores with shapes and functional groups designed for layerwise deposition as zirconium phosphonates. These include electron donating thiophene oligomers, electron accepting quinodimethanes, and dipolar azo dyes. Cohesive, electrically insulating, thermally stable films of these compounds as layered phosphonates on various substrates were prepared with predictable thicknesses and, in some cases, polar order. Second harmonic intensity from the polar azo dye films was proportional to the thickness squared, consistent with theory. The dielectric and optical responses of a variety of other kinds of samples are discussed.
Dataset for trailer angle estimation using radar point clouds (2021)

The automotive industry is interested in the estimation of vehicle trailer rotation (trailer angle or hitch angle) due to its use in trailer control algorithms. We present an experimental dataset collected in a study of the estimation problem [1] and a MATLAB code implementation of the study. The data collection apparatus is a truck mock-up that is attached to a flatbed trailer at the hitch ball. Two radars are installed in the taillight fixtures of the truck and a camera is installed in the truck's tailgate like a typical backup camera installation. A rotary motion sensor is also installed at the hitch ball to provide ground truth measurement of the trailer angle. To aid analysis of the dataset, both radar detections are transformed onto a vehicle coordinate system (VCS) having its origin at the hitch ball i.e. the different radar viewpoints are combined into one with respect to the hitch ball. The MATLAB code presented with this article has two major functionalities. The first functionality is the visualization of both radar detections, the combined radar detections in the VCS, the camera images, and the ground truth angles, as the trailer rotates. The second functionality of the code is the replication of the estimation results in [1], which used only the radar detections from the dataset.
<title>Standard and high-throughput microfluidic disposables based on laminar fluid diffusion interfaces</title> (2002)

Laminar Fluid Diffusion Interfaces are generated when tow or more streams flow in parallel in a microfluidic structure. This technology can be used for diffusion-based separation and detection applications, for example: DNA desalting, the extraction of small proteins from whole-blood samples, and the detection of various constituents in while blood. Additional applications are the establishment of stable concentration gradients, and the exposure of chemical constituents or biological particles to these concentration gradients, enabling the uniform and controlled exposure of cells to lysing agents, allowing the differentiation of cells by their sensitivity to specific agents in an on-chip cytometer coupled directly to the lysing structure. We have developed integrated systems using machine-controlled disposable cartridges and passive self-contained disposable cards including particle separators, flow cytometers, valves, detection channels, mixers, and diluters that are used in a hematology analyzer, stand-alone blood plasma separators, and a variety of chemical and biological assays. Microfluidic arrays compatible with common well-plate formats have been designed for high-throughout toxicology screening applications. All these devices were manufactured using Micronics' unique rapid-prototyping process yielding low-cost plastic disposable microfluidic chips.
IDDQ Testable Dynamic PLAs (1997)

Testing of bridging faults in PLAs by means of voltage testing is expensive. However, same can be done efficiently with IDDQ testing. In this article we propose two IDDQ test able PLA configurations. In these configurations adjacent precharge lines (and adjacent evaluation lines) are precharged (evaluated) to complementary logic levels. All likely bridging faults in these configurations are tested efficiently by IDDQ test technique. Such a test is independent of the function implemented in a PLA.
Newsjunkie (2004)

We present a principled methodology for filtering news stories by formal measures of information novelty, and show how the techniques can be usedto custom-tailor news feeds based on information that a user has already reviewed. We review methods for analyzing novelty and then describe Newsjunkie, a system that personalizes news for users by identifying the novelty of stories in the context of stories they have already reviewed. Newsjunkie employs novelty-analysis algorithms that represent articles as words and named entities. The algorithms analyze inter-andintra-document dynamics by considering how information evolves over timefrom article to article, as well as within individual articles. We review the results of a user study undertaken to gauge the value of the approachover legacy time-based review of newsfeeds, and also to compare the performance of alternate distance metrics that are used to estimate the dissimilarity between candidate new articles and sets of previously reviewed articles.
Using complete-1-distinguishability for FSM equivalence checking (2001)

This article introduces the notion of a Complete-1-Distinguishability (C-1-D) property for simplifying equivalence checking of finite state machines (FSMs). When a specification machine has the C-1-D property, the traversal of the product machine can be eliminated. Instead, a much simpler check suffices. The check consists of first obtaining a 1-equivalence mapping between the individually reachable states of the specification and the implementation machines, and then checking that it is a bisimulation relation. The C-1-D property can be used directly for specification machines on which it naturally holds---a condition that has not been exploited thus far in FSM verification. We also show how this property can be enforced on an arbitrary FSM by exposing some of its latch outputs as pseudo-primary outputs during synthesis and verification. In this sense, our synthesis/verification methodology provides another point in the trade-off curve between constraints-on-synthesis versus complexity-of-verification. Practical experiences with this methodology have resulted in success with several examples for which it is not possible to complete verification using existing implicit state space traversal techniques.
Perturbation-based Fault Screening (2007)

Fault screeners are a new breed of fault identification technique that can probabilistically detect if a transient fault has affected the state of a processor. We demonstrate that fault screeners function because of two key characteristics. First, we show that much of the intermediate data generated by a program inherently falls within certain consistent bounds. Second, we observe that these bounds are often violated by the introduction of a fault. Thus, fault screeners can identify faults by directly watching for any data inconsistencies arising in an application's behavior. We present an idealized algorithm capable of identifying over 85% of injected faults on the SpecInt suite and over 75% overall. Further, in a realistic implementation on a simulated Pentium-III-like processor, about half of the errors due to injected faults are identified while still in speculative state. Errors detected this early can be eliminated by a pipeline flush. In this paper, we present several hardware-based versions of this screening algorithm and show that flushing the pipeline every time the hardware screener triggers reduces overall performance by less than 1%
Saving superconducting quantum processors from decay and correlated errors generated by gamma and cosmic rays (2021)

Abstract Error-corrected quantum computers can only work if errors are small and uncorrelated. Here, I show how cosmic rays or stray background radiation affects superconducting qubits by modeling the phonon to electron/quasiparticle down-conversion physics. For present designs, the model predicts about 57% of the radiation energy breaks Cooper pairs into quasiparticles, which then vigorously suppress the qubit energy relaxation time ( T 1 ~ 600 ns) over a large area (cm) and for a long time (ms). Such large and correlated decay kills error correction. Using this quantitative model, I show how this energy can be channeled away from the qubit so that this error mechanism can be reduced by many orders of magnitude. I also comment on how this affects other solid-state qubits.
Generation of ultra-low-noise optical parametric combs (2016)

Generation of wideband optical frequency combs requires precise balance between nonlinear photon interaction and parasitic effects. While near-octave combs can be generated in both silica and silicon waveguides, it is not always possible to suppress the noise across the operational bandwidth. Principles and challenges of noiseinhibited, tunable frequency comb generation in cavity-free parametric mixers are described and discussed.
Specification and enforcement of classification and inference constraints (2003)

Although mandatory access control in database systems has been extensively studied in recent years, and several models and systems have been proposed, capabilities for enforcement of mandatory constraints remain limited. Lack of support for expressing and combating inference channels that improperly leak protected information remains a major limitation in today's multilevel systems. Moreover the working assumption that data are classified at insertion time makes previous approaches inapplicable to the classification of existing, possibly historical, data repositories that need to be classified for release. Such a capability would be of great benefit to, and appears to be in demand by, governmental, public and private institutions. We address the problem of classifying existing data repositories by taking into consideration explicit data classification as well as association and inference constraints. Constraints are expressed in a unified, DBMS- and model-independent framework, making the approach largely applicable. We introduce the concept of minimal classification as a labeling of data elements that while satisfying the constraints, ensures that no data element is classified at a level higher than necessary. We also describe a technique and present an algorithm for generating data classifications that are both minimal and preferred according to certain criteria. Our approach is based on preprocessing, or compiling, constraints to produce a set of simple classification assignments that can then be efficiently applied to classify any database instance.
New possibilities with holey fibers (2002)

Holey fiber technology offers the potential for the development of fibers with unique optical properties including unusual and useful dispersion and nonlinear characteristics. We explore the design possibilities and suggest potential applications of the technology.
Automatic suggestion of query-rewrite rules for enterprise search (2012)

Enterprise search is challenging for several reasons, notably the dynamic terminology and jargon that are specific to the enterprise domain. This challenge is partly addressed by having domain experts maintaining the enterprise search engine and adapting it to the domain specifics. Those administrators commonly address user complaints about relevant documents missing from the top matches. For that, it has been proposed to allow administrators to influence search results by crafting query-rewrite rules, each specifying how queries of a certain pattern should be modified or augmented with additional queries. Upon a complaint, the administrator seeks a semantically coherent rule that is capable of pushing the desired documents up to the top matches. However, the creation and maintenance of rewrite rules is highly tedious and time consuming. Our goal in this work is to ease the burden on search administrators by automatically suggesting rewrite rules. This automation entails several challenges. One major challenge is to select, among many options, rules that are ``natural'' from a semantic perspective (e.g., corresponding to closely related and syntactically complete concepts). Towards that, we study a machine-learning classification approach. The second challenge is to accommodate the cross-query effect of rules---a rule introduced in the context of one query can eliminate the desired results for other queries and the desired effects of other rules. We present a formalization of this challenge as a generic computational problem. As we show that this problem is highly intractable in terms of complexity theory, we present heuristic approaches and optimization thereof. In an experimental study within IBM intranet search, those heuristics achieve near-optimal quality and well scale to large data sets.
Detection of generalized tonic–clonic seizures using surface electromyographic monitoring (2017)

Detection of GTCSs using an sEMG monitoring device on the biceps is feasible. Proper positioning of this device is important for accuracy, and for some patients, minimizing the number of false positives may be challenging.
Fabrication of Long Superstructure Fiber Bragg Gratings (SSFBGs) Using a Novel Scanning Phase-Mask Technique (2002)

Superstructure (sampled) fiber Bragg gratings (SSFBGs) are attractive optical filters for optical communication and optical sensor systems, because of their comb-like filter response. The length of SSFBG is conventionally limited by that of the phase mask. However, the length of the high-quality phase mask fabricated by an interferometric technique is limited to ∼ 5 cm. In this paper, we propose a novel fabrication technique for long SSFBGs based on scanning phase masks and trimming relative phases between FBGs. This technique enables the fabrication of long SSFBGs with short phase masks. In the experiments, we successfully fabricated a 9-cm-long SSFBG by cascading three 3-cm-long SSFBGs.
Controlling vertical optical confinement in two-dimensional surface-emitting photonic-crystal lasers by shape of air holes (2008)

We use the finite-difference time domain method to calculate the vertical optical confinement, which corresponds to the quality factor in the vertical direction, of two-dimensional photonic-crystal (PC) lasers as a function of the asymmetry of the shape of the air holes that form the PC. The vertical optical confinement for triangular air holes, which give the highest output power measured thus far, is decreased by two thirds when V-shaped air holes are used. In contrast, the vertical optical confinement becomes infinite for rhomboid air holes. The vertical optical confinement decreases when the air holes are deformed such that areas of opposing electric fields exist in regions of the PC with different dielectric constants. In this way, the vertical optical confinement can be controlled by changing the shape of the air holes.
Data-driven Prognostics with Predictive Uncertainty Estimation using\n Ensemble of Deep Ordinal Regression Models (2019)

Prognostics or Remaining Useful Life (RUL) Estimation from multi-sensor time\nseries data is useful to enable condition-based maintenance and ensure high\noperational availability of equipment. We propose a novel deep learning based\napproach for Prognostics with Uncertainty Quantification that is useful in\nscenarios where: (i) access to labeled failure data is scarce due to rarity of\nfailures (ii) future operational conditions are unobserved and (iii) inherent\nnoise is present in the sensor readings. All three scenarios mentioned are\nunavoidable sources of uncertainty in the RUL estimation process often\nresulting in unreliable RUL estimates. To address (i), we formulate RUL\nestimation as an Ordinal Regression (OR) problem, and propose LSTM-OR: deep\nLong Short Term Memory (LSTM) network based approach to learn the OR function.\nWe show that LSTM-OR naturally allows for incorporation of censored operational\ninstances in training along with the failed instances, leading to more robust\nlearning. To address (ii), we propose a simple yet effective approach to\nquantify predictive uncertainty in the RUL estimation models by training an\nensemble of LSTM-OR models. Through empirical evaluation on C-MAPSS turbofan\nengine benchmark datasets, we demonstrate that LSTM-OR is significantly better\nthan the commonly used deep metric regression based approaches for RUL\nestimation, especially when failed training instances are scarce. Further, our\nuncertainty quantification approach yields high quality predictive uncertainty\nestimates while also leading to improved RUL estimates compared to single best\nLSTM-OR models.\n
Catalytic Enantioselective Synthesis of Flavanones and Chromanones (2007)

The enantioselective synthesis of flavanones and chromanones is described. Bifunctional thiourea catalysts promote an asymmetric oxo-conjugate addition to a β-ketoester alkylidene in high yields with excellent enantioselectivity (80−94% ee) for aryl and alkyl substrates. Decarboxylation of the β-ketoester proceeds smoothly in a one-pot procedure to afford the enantioenriched flavanones and chromanones.