gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Development of a system for mapping of thrust ripple induced by PMLSM drives in a single-deck, dual-axis precision stage (2012)

Permanent magnet linear synchronous motors (PMLSMs) are becoming increasingly popular for implementation in industrial precision stages. While PMLSMs minimize friction and other undesirable effects in the stages, they induce thrust ripple, which significantly affects control of the devices and has recently been the subject of concentrated research. This paper presents the design and implementation of an innovative mechanism for measuring thrust ripple in two dimensions over the plane of motion of a PMLSM-driven precision planar stage that is currently in development. The device restricts motion in one direction and uses a load cell to measure stage thrust force in the perpendicular direction at intervals across the device's operating range. The variation of thrust force in relation to position as well as q-axis input current magnitude was measured. Results support the assumption of wavelike, position-dependent PMLSM-induced thrust ripple in the direction of stage motion and have implications in the development of control systems for such devices.
Combined advanced finishing and UV-laser conditioning for producing UV-damage-resistant fused-silica optics (2002)

Laser induced damage initiation on fused silica optics can limit the lifetime of the components when used in high power UV laser environments. Foe example in inertial confinement fusion research applications, the optics can be exposed to temporal laser pulses of about 3-nsec with average fluences of 8 J/cm{sup 2} and peak fluences between 12 and 15 J/cm{sup 2}. During the past year, we have focused on optimizing the damage performance at a wavelength of 355-nm (3{omega}), 3-nsec pulse length, for optics in this category by examining a variety of finishing technologies with a challenge to improve the laser damage initiation density by at least two orders of magnitude. In this paper, we describe recent advances in improving the 3{omega} damage initiation performance of laboratory-scale zirconium oxide and cerium oxide conventionally finished fused silica optics via application of processes incorporating magnetorheological finishing (MRF), wet chemical etching, and UV laser conditioning. Details of the advanced finishing procedures are described and comparisons are made between the procedures based upon large area 3{omega} damage performance, polishing layer contamination, and optical subsurface damage.
A 12.5Gb/s/link non-contact multi drop bus system with impedance-matched Transmission Line Couplers and Dicode partial-response channel transceivers (2013)

A reduced-reflection multi-drop bus system using Dicode (1-D) partial response signaling transceiver is presented for the first time in the world. Directional couplers on transmission lines arranged with equi-energy distributing and exact impedance matched conditions allow the bus to reach to 12.5Gbps/link speed, which is the world's fastest data link speed with multi-drop bus architecture. Dicode partial-response signaling method with a half-rate architecture was used where a precoder is placed in the transmitter to make the signal best fit for the channel to eliminate inter symbol interference (ISI).
Production of Porous Materials Through Consolidation of Pickering Emulsions (2007)

Free-standing porous objects were made by the electrophoretic deposition and slip casting of Pickering emulsions stabilized with alumina and titanium powder. By controlling the emulsion parameters, the pore size can be controlled from a few micrometers to a few millimeters. Both open and closed porosity were obtained by changing the emulsion composition. Since no pore forming solid template is used, the delicate and lengthy debinding step during processing is eliminated.
A functional Spo0A is required for maximal <i>aprE</i> expression in <i>Bacillus subtilis</i> (1996)

The initiation of sporulation in Bacillus subtilis is under control of the transcriptional factor Spo0A. Most Spo0A mutants fail to initiate the sporulation process and all the sporulation initiated processes such as the synthesis of subtilisin. However, the product of spo0A9V, one of the several spo0A mutants characterized, distinguishes itself in the fact that, while it appears to effectively repress abrB, it fails to activate the spoIIA operon. The aim of this study was to examine the effect of the spo0A9V mutation on aprE expression and we found that in different genetic backgrounds, the spo0A9V mutation has a negative effect on aprE::lacZ expression.
Systematic Studies of a Self-Assembling Peptide Nanofiber Scaffold with Other Scaffolds (2006)

A designer self-assembling peptide nanofiber scaffold has been systematically studied with 10 commonly used scaffolds in a several week study using neural stem cells (NSC), a potential therapeutic source for cellular transplantations in nervous system injuries. These cells not only provide a good in vitro model for the development and regeneration of the nervous system, but may also be helpful in testing for cytotoxicity, cellular adhesion, and differentiation properties of biological and synthetic scaffolds used in medical practices. We tested the self-assembling peptide nanofiber scaffold with the most commonly used scaffolds for tissue engineering and regenerative medicine including PLLA, PLGA, PCLA, collagen I, collagen IV, and Matrigel. Additionally, each scaffold was coated with laminin in order to evaluate the utility of this surface treatment. Each scaffold was evaluated by measuring cell viability, differentiation and maturation of the differentiated stem cell progeny (i.e. progenitor cells, astrocytes, oligodendrocytes, and neurons) over 4 weeks. The optimal scaffold should show high numbers of living and differentiated cells. In addition, it was demonstrated that the laminin surface treatment is capable of improving the overall scaffold performance. The designer self-assembling peptide RADA16 nanofiber scaffold represents a new class of biologically inspired material. The well-defined molecular structure with considerable potential for further functionalization and slow drug delivery makes the designer peptide scaffolds a very attractive class of biological material for a number of applications. The peptide nanofiber scaffold is comparable with the clinically approved synthetic scaffolds. The peptide scaffolds are not only pure, but also have the potential to be further designed at the molecular level, thus they promise to be useful for cell adhesion and differentiation studies as well as for future biomedical and clinical studies.
An inverse‐geometry volumetric CT system with a large‐area scanned source: A feasibility study (2004)

We propose an inverse-geometry volumetric CT system for acquiring a 15-cm volume in one rotation with negligible cone-beam artifacts. The system uses a large-area scanned source and a smaller detector array. This note describes two feasibility investigations. The first examines data sufficiency in the transverse planes. The second predicts the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) compared to a conventional scanner. Results showed sufficient sampling of the full volume in less than 0.5 s and, when compared to a conventional scanner operating at 24 kW with a 0.5-s voxel illumination time (e.g., 0.5-s gantry rotation and pitch of one), predicted a relative SNR of 76%.
Bradykinin and Its Metabolite, Arg-Pro-Pro-Gly-Phe, Are Selective Inhibitors of α-Thrombin–Induced Platelet Activation (1996)

Background Plasma kininogens are selective inhibitors of α-thrombin activation of platelets and endothelial cells. In the present study, we localized the α-thrombin inhibitory sequence of kininogens and describe its mechanism of action. Methods and Results Bradykinin and an analogue, MKRPPGFSPFRSSRIG, inhibited α-thrombin–induced platelet aggregation and secretion with an IC 50 of 0.25 and 1 mmol/L and of 0.23 and 0.5 mmol/L, respectively. The minimal inhibitory peptide was RPPGF. Bradykinin and its analogues did not inhibit ADP-, collagen-, U46619-, or SFLLRN-induced platelet activation or the ability of α-thrombin to cleave chromogenic substrates, clot fibrinogen, or block α-thrombin binding to platelets. Bradykinin, MKRPPGFSPFRSSRIG, and RPPGF abolished α-thrombin–induced (1 nmol/L) calcium mobilization. On flow cytometry, bradykinin and MKRPPGFSPFRSSRIG blocked α-thrombin from removing the epitope of its cleavage site on the cloned thrombin receptor. Furthermore, peptide RPPGF or high-molecular-weight kininogen prevented α-thrombin from cleaving the thrombin receptor peptide, NATLDPRSFLLR, between arginine and serine. Conclusions These results indicate that bradykinin and its metabolites are selective antithrombins by preventing α-thrombin cleavage of the cloned thrombin receptor between arginine-41 and serine-42. These newly recognized antithrombin peptides, which are termed thrombostatins, contribute to the cardioprotective nature of kinins.
The Caenorhabditis elegans cell-death protein CED-3 is a cysteine protease with substrate specificities similar to those of the human CPP32 protease. (1996)

The Caenorhabditis elegans cell-death gene ced-3 encodes a protein similar to mammalian interleukin-1beta-converting enzyme (ICE), a cysteine protease implicated in mammalian apoptosis. We show that the full-length CED-3 protein undergoes proteolytic activation to generate a CED-3 cysteine protease and that CED-3 protease activity is required for killing cells by programmed cell death in C. elegans. We developed an easy and general method for the purification of CED-3/ICE-like proteases and used this method to facilitate a comparison of the substrate specificities of four different purified cysteine proteases. We found that in its substrate preferences CED-3 was more similar to the mammalian CPP32 protease than to mammalian ICE or NEDD2/ICH-1 protease. Our results suggest that different mammalian CED-3/ICE-like proteases may have distinct roles in mammalian apoptosis and that CPP32 is a candidate for being a mammalian functional equivalent of CED-3.
The VSVΔG/ZEBOV GP vaccine protects against an Ebola infection and induces humoral and cellular immunity (128.16) (2009)

Abstract Ebola virus (EBOV) is a highly infectious filovirus causing a severe hemorrhagic fever in humans with fatality rates approaching 90%. We used the live attenuated recombinant vaccine vector vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV) to create a vaccine for EBOV. Ten cynomolgus macaques were immunized either intramuscularly (IM), orally (OR), or intranasally (IN) with VSVΔG/ZEBOVGP 28 days before receiving a lethal challenge of Zaire ebolavirus (ZEBOV). There were no signs of illness in the vaccinated animals, and no loss of lymphocytes typically seen during infection. ZEBOVGP-specific humoral and cell mediated immune responses (CMIR) were generated by all immunization routes. Surprisingly, in general, the IN route generated more potent humoral responses, while the IM route generated early IL-2 and IFN-γ CMIR. We demonstrate that a single dose of the VSVΔG/ZEBOVGP vaccine delivered by any of the three routes induces cellular and humoral immune responses and protects non-human primates against a lethal challenge of ZEBOV.
Systematic Characterization of Programmable Packet Processing Pipelines (2006)

This paper considers the elaboration of custom pipelines for network packet processing, built upon flexible programmability of pipeline stage granularity. A systematic procedure for accurately characterizing throughput, latency, and FPGA resource requirements, of different programmed pipeline variants is presented. This procedure may be exploited at design time, configuration time, or run time, to program pipeline architectures to meet specific networking application requirements. The procedure is illustrated using three case studies drawn from real-life packet processing at different levels of networking protocol. Detailed results are presented, demonstrating that the procedure estimates pipeline characteristics well, thus allowing rapid architecture space exploration prior to elaboration
BLIND SOURCE SEPARATION BASED ON SPACE-TIME-FREQUENCY DIVERSITY (2003)

We investigate the assumption that sources have disjoint support in the time domain, time-frequency domain, or frequency domain. We call such signals disjoint orthogonal. The class of signals that approximately satisfies this assumption includes many synthetic signals, music and speech, as well as some biological signals. We measure the disjoint orthogonality of the benchmark signals in the ICALAB Toolbox in the time, time-frequency, and frequency domains and show that most satisfy the assumption in at least one representation. In order to compare this assumption with other common source assumptions, we derive a demixing algorithm for noisy instantaneous mixtures based on disjoint orthogonality and compare its performance to the algorithms in the ICALAB Toolbox, all of which rely on the second-order statistics, non-stationarity, or higherorder statistics of the sources. The results indicate that space-timefrequency diversity is a useful assumption for the design of BSS/ICA algorithms.
Experimental Multipath TCP option (2015)

This document proposes a generic format for an experimental Multipath
TCP option. This experimental option is expected to replace the option
type that was reserved for private use in [RFC6824].
Bioactive ceramics for periodontal treatment: Comparative studies in the patus monkey (1992)

Four bioactive ceramic materials currently recommended for regeneration of osseous tissues in treatment of periodontal disease have been compared with Bioglass particulates, of equivalent size in two compositions, in a monkey model. Both Bioglass materials were found to be easily manipulated, were haemostatic and osteoproductive allowing restoration of both alveolar bone and periodontal ligament. Epithelial downgrowth was inhibited and epithelial attachment was close to the preimplantation level. The other materials were slower to act and epithelial downgrowth was to the same level as in unfilled control defects.
Performance of a deep learning based neural network in the selection of human blastocysts for implantation (2020)

Deep learning in in vitro fertilization is currently being evaluated in the development of assistive tools for the determination of transfer order and implantation potential using time-lapse data collected through expensive imaging hardware. Assistive tools and algorithms that can work with static images, however, can help in improving the access to care by enabling their use with images acquired from traditional microscopes that are available to virtually all fertility centers. Here, we evaluated the use of a deep convolutional neural network (CNN), trained using single timepoint images of embryos collected at 113 hr post-insemination, in embryo selection amongst 97 clinical patient cohorts (742 embryos) and observed an accuracy of 90% in choosing the highest quality embryo available. Furthermore, a CNN trained to assess an embryo's implantation potential directly using a set of 97 euploid embryos capable of implantation outperformed 15 trained embryologists (75.26% vs. 67.35%, p<0.0001) from five different fertility centers.
High-contrast images of semiconductor sites via one-photon optical beam–induced current imaging and confocal reflectance microscopy (2002)

We demonstrate a computationally efficient procedure for determining only the semiconductor sites in a confocal reflectance image of an integrated circuit. It utilizes a one-photon optical beam-induced current (1P-OBIC) and confocal reflectance images that are generated from the same focused excitation beam. A 1P-OBIC image is a two-dimensional map of the currents induced by the beam as it is scanned across the circuit surface. A 1P-OBIC is produced by an illuminated semiconductor material if the excitation photon energy exceeds the bandgap. The 1P-OBIC image has no vertical resolution because the 1P-OBIC is linear with the excitation beam intensity. The exclusive high-contrast image of semiconductor sites is generated by the product of the 1P-OBIC image and the confocal image. High-contrast images of the metal sites are also obtained by the product of the complementary OBIC image and the same confocal image.
A robust hybrid control algorithm for a single-phase DC/AC inverter with variable input voltage (2014)

In this paper, we analyze the properties of the vector fields associated with all possible configurations of a single-phase DC/AC inverter with the objective of designing a hybrid controller for the generation of an approximation of a sinusoidal reference signal. Using forward invariance tools for general hybrid systems, a hybrid controller is designed for the switched differential equations capturing the dynamics of the DC/AC inverter. Then, global asymptotic stability of a set of points nearby the reference trajectory, called the tracking band, is established. This property is found to be robust to small perturbations, and variation of the input voltage. Simulations illustrating the major results are included.
Multi-Way Lossless Outphasing System Based on an All-Transmission-Line Combiner (2016)

A lossless power-combining network comprising cascaded transmission-line segments in a tree structure is introduced for a multi-way outphasing architecture. This architecture addresses the suboptimal loading conditions in Chireix outphasing transmitters while offering a compact and microwave-friendly implementation compared to previous techniques. In the proposed system, four saturated power amplifiers (PAs) interact through an all-TL power-combining network to produce nearly ideal resistive load modulation of the branch PAs over a 10:1 range of output powers. This work focuses on the operation of the combining network, deriving analytical expressions for input-port admittance characteristics and an outphasing control strategy to modulate output power while minimizing reactive loading of the saturated branch amplifiers. A methodology for combiner design is given, along with a combiner design example for compact layout. An experimental four-way outphasing amplifier system operating at 2.14 GHz demonstrates the technique with greater than 60% drain efficiency for an output power range of 6.2 dB. The system demonstrates a W-CDMA modulated signal with a 9.15-dB peak-to-average power ratio with 54.5% average modulated efficiency at 41.1-dBm average output power.
Fatty Acid Derivatives Isolated from the Oil of Persea americana (Avocado) Protects against Neomycin-Induced Hair Cell Damage (2021)

Avocado oil is beneficial to human health and has been reported to have beneficial effects on sensorineural hearing loss (SNHL). However, the compounds in avocado oil that affect SNHL have not been identified. In this study, we identified 20 compounds from avocado oil, including two new and 18 known fatty acid derivatives, using extensive spectroscopic analysis. The efficacy of the isolated compounds for improving SNHL was investigated in an ototoxic zebrafish model. The two new compounds, namely (2<i>R</i>,4<i>R</i>,6<i>Z</i>)-1,2,4-trihydroxynonadec-6-ene and (2<i>R</i>,4<i>R</i>)-1,2,4-trihydroxyheptadecadi-14,16-ene (compounds 1 and 2), as well as compounds 7, 9, 14, 17 and 19 showed significant improvement in damaged hair cells in toxic zebrafish. These results led to the conclusion that compounds from avocado oil as well as oil itself have a regenerative effect on damaged otic hair cells in ototoxic zebrafish.
A chromosome jump crosses a translocation breakpoint in the von recklinghausen neurofibromatosis region (1990)

The von Recklinghausen neurofibromatosis (NFI) gene has been previously localized to the region 17q11.2 by genetic analysis. Consistent with this, two NFI patients have been described with autosomal translocations with breakpoints in 17q11.2, and these represent presumed markers for the location of the NFI gene. Recent work has defined the two breakpoints on a physical map, and they lie less than 100 kb apart. To characterize further the distance between these breakpoints and clone additional DNA, a chromosome jump was made from a DNA fragment that maps between the breakpoints. The end of the jump crosses one of the NFI translocation breakpoints and detects that breakpoint on Southern analysis, placing the probe less than 15 kb telomeric to this breakpoint. Pulsed field analysis with the jump clone allows revision of the previous NFI region map and indicates that the two breakpoints lie no more than 60 kb apart. This jump clone will be useful for further mapping, breakpoint cloning, analysis of patient DNA, and the search for transcripts in the NFI region.
Design of large-mode-area amplifier fibers resistant to bend-induced distortion (2007)

As fiber amplifiers and lasers achieve higher power, gain fiber designs are pushing toward extremely large-mode area. In this regime, bend-induced distortion of fiber modes becomes large and can severely impact amplifier performance. Previous results describing bend-induced reduction of effective area are reviewed and extended with a numerical analysis of how bend distortion impacts interaction with the gain. Distortion-resistant designs such as the parabolic fiber are shown to substantially improve gain-interaction indicators as well as all other performance metrics simulated, and are predicted to dramatically outperform step-index fibers.
Opsonic antibodies evoked by hybrid peptide copies of types 5 and 24 streptococcal M proteins synthesized in tandem. (1986)

The protective immunogenicity of a hybrid peptide containing tandem copies of types 5 and 24 epitopes was investigated. Carboxy-terminal peptides of the cyanogen bromide-derived fragment 7 (CB7) of type 24 M protein were chemically synthesized, and then extended to include the first 20 residues of the amino-terminus of type 5 M protein. When emulsified in CFA and injected into rabbits without conjugation to a carrier, each of the synthetic hybrid peptides, designated S-M5(1-20)-S-CB7(23-35)C and S-M5(1-20)-S-CB(19-34), evoked opsonic antibodies against both types 5 and 24 streptococci without raising heart tissue-crossreactive immunity. These results suggest that tandem hybrid peptides may provide a new approach to the development of multivalent vaccines, not only to different serotypes of group A streptococci but perhaps also to a variety of other infectious agents.
Photophysical Tuning of<i>N</i>-Oxide-Based Probes Enables Ratiometric Photoacoustic Imaging of Tumor Hypoxia (2018)

Hypoxia results when the oxygen supply to rapidly growing tumors becomes inadequate to support various physiological processes. This plays a role in tumor metastasis and treatment resistance. Therefore, identifying tumor hypoxia can guide treatment planning and predict patient responses. However, hypoxic volumes are heterogeneously dispersed throughout a tumor, making it a challenge to pinpoint them with any degree of accuracy. Herein, we report the development of ratiometric hypoxia probe 1 (rHyP-1), which is a hypoxia-responsive small-molecule probe designed for reliable hypoxia detection using photoacoustic imaging. Photoacoustic imaging utilizes near-infrared (NIR) light to induce the production of ultrasound signals, enabling high-resolution image acquisition at centimeter depths. Together with the ratiometric capability of rHyP-1, reliable hypoxia detection with unprecedented spatial resolution is possible while minimizing error associated with concentration dependence and tissue heterogeneity.