gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
P789 Bacterial vaginosis markers detected by BD MAX™ vaginal panel in relation to absence and presence of<i>trichomonas vaginalis</i> (2019)

<h3>Background</h3> The three most frequent causes of vaginitis are bacterial vaginosis (BV), vulvovaginal candidiasis (VVC) and Trichomoniasis (TV). Within women presenting with symptoms of vaginitis, the concomitant detection of two or more pathogens is common; however, little is known about the biology of pathogen interactions during co-infections. Using a NAAT that allows simultaneous detection of organisms associated with BV, VVC and TV<i>,</i> we sought to characterize BV marker combinations in the absence and presence of BV and/or TV co-infections. <h3>Methods</h3> The BD MAX™ Vaginal Panel is a sample to answer NAAT capable of simultaneous detection of <i>G vaginalis, A. vaginae,</i> BVAB-2/<i>Megaspheara-1</i>, <i>L. crispatus/L. jensenii, C. albicans/parapsilosis/tropicalis</i>, <i>C. glabrata</i>, <i>C. krusei a</i>nd <i>T. vaginalis.</i> The data obtained from BD MAX Vaginal Panel runs conducted on 1,740 clinician-collected specimens taken from symptomatic patients was analyzed to determine if any detection patterns emerged. The distribution of BV marker combinations detected in the absence and presence of BV and/or TV were compared. <h3>Results</h3> Independent of the BV result (BV+ or BV−), the proportions of samples containing no BV markers and samples containing all BV markers were different in TV− and TV+ samples. TV+/BV− samples displayed a significantly higher number of cases in which only <i>A. vaginae</i> was detected or a combination of <i>A. vaginae</i> and <i>G. vaginalis</i> than in samples found TV−/BV−, TV−/BV+ or TV+/BV+. <h3>Conclusion</h3> The BV marker detection patterns vary with the presence of co-infection by TV. The results obtained in this analysis suggest some interplay between BV and TV and warrants further investigation. <h3>Disclosure</h3> No significant relationships.
Printer Characterization for UV Encryption Applications (2008)

At the last year's conference, a technique was presented for exploiting substrate fluorescence to embed information into printed documents that was revealed only under pure ultra-violet (UV) light. It required the ability to characterize printed colors under both normal and UV lighting conditions. Printer characterization under normal light has been a very mature technology. This paper will focus on several different approaches for modeling the printer response under UV light. For this security application, it is not necessary to predict all the conventional color appearance attributes, but only the lightness is required. The first and the most straightforward approach was to measure a color target under UV light with a spectroradiometer and to build a printer model for this specific illuminant. While accurate, this approach suffered from the drawback that radiometric measurements were time-consuming and laborious. Two simple alternative approaches were brought forth to model the lightness response under UV light. One was based on a spectrophotometer with and without a UV cutoff filter, and the other was based on a commercial digital camera. Furthermore, visual post-correction method was used together with these two alternative approaches to improve the prediction accuracy of lightness under UV light.
Shared Human T Cell Receptor V <sub>β</sub> Usage to Immunodominant Regions of Myelin Basic Protein (1990)

Multiple sclerosis (MS) may be an autoimmune disease mediated by T cells specific for a myelin protein. Investigations have demonstrated myelin basic protein (MBP)-reactive T cells that were activated in vivo in MS patients, suggesting that MBP may be a target antigen in MS. The variable (V) region of the T cell receptor (TCR) beta chain was examined among 83 T cell lines from both MS patients and healthy subjects that were reactive with the immunodominant region of human MBP (residues 84 to 102) or with a second immunodominant region of MBP (143 to 168). V beta 17 and to a lesser extent V beta 12 were frequently used in recognition of MBP(84-102) among different individuals. In contrast, V beta 17 was very infrequent among lines reactive with MBP (143-168). These data demonstrate shared TCR V beta gene usage for the recognition of immunodominant regions of the human autoantigen MBP. Such TCR structures may be used as targets for specific immunotherapy in MS.
Transparent consistent replication of Java RMI objects (2002)

The Java Remote Method Invocation (JRMI) specification simplifies the development of distributed Java applications, but provides little support to guarantee reliable, highly-available operation. The Aroma System is middleware that transparently enhances the JRMI model with the mechanisms required for consistent replication of client and server objects. By exploiting novel interception mechanisms, the Aroma System is activated at runtime, with minimal modification to the application and to the JRMI infrastructure. The Aroma System adapts the JRMI model for group communication, and exploits an underlying reliable, totally-ordered multicast protocol to provide strong replica consistency. We describe the architecture of the Aroma System, and discuss the mechanisms required to achieve transparent replication of Java RMI objects and to enforce strong replica consistency.
Defective Estrogen Receptors in Human Mammary Cancers: Their Significance in Defining Hormone Dependence1 (1988)

Neither estrogen dependence nor clinical response to hormone therapy of the tumor is guaranteed by the mere presence of receptors for estrogens (ERs) or progesterones (PRs). Immunohistochemical staining of ER with polyclonal anti-ER antibodies after in vitro transformation has enabled the identification of two types of defective ER among human breast cancers: those that are unable to bind to the nucleus in a hormone-filled state and those that bind to the nucleus as naked ER. Preliminary clinical correlation studies demonstrate that a subclassification of ER(+) tumors based on functional abnormalities of ER may predict refractoriness to hormone therapy.
Low Order Mode Excitation of Bragg Gratings made with Ultrafast IR Radiation in Large Core Area Multimode Fibres (2006)

Fibre Bragg gratings (FBG), written in multimode 105μm core diameter silica fibre using ultrafast IR radiation, were probed using fibre collimators. Potential FBG usage as cavity reflectors in large mode area fibre lasers is discussed.
Reducing energy usage in data centers through control of Room Air Conditioning units (2010)

Information Technology data centers consume a large amount of electricity in the US and world-wide. Cooling has been found to contribute about one third of this energy use. The two primary contributors to the data center cooling energy use are the refrigeration chiller and the Computer Room Air Conditioning units (CRACs). There have been recent changes in specifications for the data center environmental envelopes as mandated by ASHRAE (American Society for Heating Refrigeration and Air Conditioning Engineers), one of which specifically pertains to the upper and lower bound of air temperatures at the inlet to servers that are housed in data center rooms. These changes have been put in place in part to address the desire for greater cooling energy efficiency of these facilities. This paper primarily focuses on the methodologies to reduce the energy usage of room air conditioning devices by exploiting these recent changes in standards for the equipment environmental envelope. A 22000 square foot (6706 m <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> ) data center with 739 kilo Watt of IT load is used as a representative example for numerical CFD analyses using a commercial software package to demonstrate methodologies to reduce the cooling energy use of Information Technology data centers. Several test case simulations are used to enable the calculation of room level air temperature fields for varying design conditions such as different numbers of operational CRACs or the volumetric air flow rate setting of the CRACs. Computation of cooling energy is carried out using available vendor equipment information. The relationship between the reduction in energy usage in CRAC units and the server inlet air temperatures are quantified and a systematic methodology for CRAC shut off is proposed. The relative magnitude of reduction in data center cooling energy use from shutting off CRACs or reducing CRAC motor speeds is also compared with scenarios involving increases in refrigeration chiller plant water temperature set point.
A New Texture Feature for Improved Food Recognition Accuracy in a Mobile Phone Based Dietary Assessment System (2012)

Poor diet is one of the key determinants of an individual's risk of developing chronic diseases. Assessing what people eat is fundamental to establishing the link between diet and disease. Food records are considered the best approach for assessing energy intake however paper-based food recording is cumbersome and often inaccurate. Researchers have begun to explore how mobile devices can be used to reduce the burden of recording nutritional intake. The integrated camera in a mobile phone can be used for capturing images of food consumed. These images are then processed to automatically identify the food items for record keeping purposes. In such systems, the accurate classification of food items in these images is vital to the success of such a system. In this paper we will present a new method for generating texture features from food images and demonstrate that this new feature provides greater food classification accuracy for a mobile phone based dietary assessment system.
Inhibition of Pathogen Adhesion by Bacterial Outer Membrane‐Coated Nanoparticles (2019)

Anti-adhesion therapies interfere with the bacterial adhesion to the host and thus avoid direct disruption of bacterial cycles for killing, which may alleviate resistance development. Herein, an anti-adhesion nanomedicine platform is made by wrapping synthetic polymeric cores with bacterial outer membranes. The resulting bacterium-mimicking nanoparticles (denoted "OM-NPs") compete with source bacteria for binding to the host. The "top-down" fabrication of OM-NPs avoids the identification of the adhesins and bypasses the design of agonists targeting these adhesins. In this study, OM-NPs are made with the membrane of Helicobacter pylori and shown to bind with gastric epithelial cells (AGS cells). Treatment of AGS cells with OM-NPs reduces H. pylori adhesion and such anti-adhesion efficacy is dependent on OM-NP concentration and its dosing sequence.
Peptide directed synthesis of silica coated gold nanocables (2010)

Here we report a peptide directed synthesis of co-shell nanocables by sequential guide formation of silica insulating shells on metallic gold nanoribbons which is significant since it demonstrated the ability to fabricate a functional nano-electronic component using a biomimetic method.
Reconstruction of mechanically recorded sound by image processing (2003)

Audio information stored in the undulations of grooves in a medium such as a phonograph record may be reconstructed, with no or minimal contact, by measuring the groove shape using precision metrology methods and digital image processing. The effects of damage, wear, and contamination may be compensated, in many cases, through image processing and analysis methods. The speed and data handling capacity of available computing hardware make this approach practical. Various aspects of this approach are discussed. A feasibility test is reported which used a general purpose optical metrology system to study a 50 year old 78 r.p.m. phonograph record. Comparisons are presented with stylus playback of the record and with a digitally re-mastered version of the original magnetic recording. A more extensive implementation of this approach, with dedicated hardware and software, is considered.
Antenna-coupled infrared detectors (2004)

Uncooled bolometric detectors used in infrared imaging systems have slow time constants (~10 ms) which makes them impractical for fast-frame-rate applications. Antenna-coupled microbolometers are fast uncooled detectors with good sensitivity, directivity and can be polarization and wavelength selective. These detectors have collection areas in the order of 10 μm<sup>2</sup> which are too small for infrared imaging systems where a typical pixel area ranges from 20 × 20 μm<sup>2</sup> to 50 × 50 μm<sup>2</sup>. In this paper two different types of detectors that can cover a typical pixel area are fabricated and their performance measured. The first type of IR pixel is a two-dimensional array of serially connected antenna-coupled microbolometers. These arrays can cover any pixel area and increase the signal-to-noise ratio of a single detector by a factor of N for an N×N array. The second IR pixel was fabricated by using a Fresnel Zone Plate Lens (FZPL) to collect and focus energy to a single antenna-coupled detector. An FZPL-coupled detector of 200 µm in diameter showed a 2× increase in D* compared to single element detectors. An 8 × 8 array of antenna-coupled pixels were fabricated on a commercial ROIC, measurements made on this antenna-coupled infrared focal plane array showed that the integration of antenna-coupled detectors to a commercial ROIC is possible.
The formation and performance of auxetic textiles. Part II: geometry and structural properties (2011)

Some exceptional materials become fatter when stretched and are described as auxetics or having negative Poisson’s ratio. Auxetic textiles belong to this class of extraordinary materials that are increasingly attaining some prominence in many applications of technical textiles. We have sustained the efforts to fabricate auxetic fabric structures based on non‐auxetic yarns. The focus is to combine our knowledge of geometry and fabric structural characteristics to engineer auxetic textiles and to determine the properties of such auxetic textile fabrics. To realize our objective, we designed and investigated hexagonal knit structures as auxetic textiles offering optimum performance. The factors that influence Poisson’s ratio are identified as yarn type, number of chain courses and strain level. Also, a method has been developed for quantifying the geometrical structural unit cell of the auxetic structure based on measured parameters, namely a 1, a 2, b 1, b 2, h and c, as detailed in this paper.
Safety and ECT Stimulus Electrodes: II. Clinical Procedures. (1989)

The accidental risks and problems associated with the stimulus in electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) include skin burn, inadvertent exposure to the stimulus, short-circuit of the stimulus with ineffectual delivery, and accidental mislocation. These problems and aspects of their prevention are reviewed.
Mesenchymal Stem Cells Enhance the Engraftment and Myelinating Ability of Allogeneic Oligodendrocyte Progenitors in Dysmyelinated Mice (2011)

Multiple sclerosis is an autoimmune disease characterized by demyelination and axonal loss throughout the central nervous system. No regenerative treatment exists for patients who fail to respond to conventional immunosuppressive and immunomodulating drugs. In this scenario, stem cell therapy poses as a rational approach for neurological regeneration. Transplantation of embryonic-derived oligodendrocyte progenitor cells (OPCs) has been shown to promote remyelination and ameliorate animal models of neurodegenerative diseases. However, its therapeutic application is limited due to potential transplant rejection. In multiple sclerosis, an added concern is that transplant rejection would be most pronounced at sites of previous lesions, exacerbating a hyperactive immune response which could prevent remyelination and precipitate additional demyelination. Routine systemic immunosuppression may not be sufficient to prevent transplant rejection-associated immune reactions in the cerebral microenvironment. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), due to their homing properties and inherent immunosuppressive nature, are a promising tool for clinical application targeted toward immunosuppression at sites of injury. In this study, we used a co-transplantation strategy to investigate the effect of syngeneic MSCs on the survival and remyelination abilities of allogeneic OPCs in adult nonimmunosuppressed shiverer mice. At all time points examined, cotransplantation with MSCs increased OPC engraftment, migration, and maturation in myelinating oligodendrocytes, which produced widespread myelination in the host corpus callosum. In addition, MSCs reduced microglia activation and astrocytosis in the brain of transplanted animals as well as T-cell proliferation in vitro. These data suggest that combining the immunomodulatory and trophic properties of MSCs with the myelinating ability of OPCs might be a suitable strategy for promoting neurological regeneration in demyelinating diseases.
Uncertainty reduction of hydraulic fracturing process (2016)

Kalman filtering is often used to provide state estimates and corresponding estimation errors. Usually, the process noise and measurement noise information is assumed to be known and independent of inputs. However, for hydraulic fracturing processes that use microseismic monitoring technology, the covariance of measurement noise depends on the input signals, which provides a new method to reduce uncertainty of the system (i.e., estimation errors). The current work proposes two novel control methods for uncertainty reduction during hydraulic fracturing. One method is designed for cases where measurement data are available in real-time. The other method works under relatively long and time-varying feedback delays, whose sufficient condition for convergence is provided as well. Both newly proposed approaches are demonstrated on a simulated model of the hydraulic fracturing process with improved performance compared to industrial standard methods.
MEMS-tunable metasurface lens (2017)

Lenses with tunable focal length are widely used in zoom lenses and laser scanning imaging systems. They are generally implemented by changing the axial distance between the elements of a varifocal system of refractive lenses. However, conventional refractive elements are bulky and thick. Therefore tunable multi-element lenses are large, heavy, slow, require macroscopic movements, and have limited optical power tunability. Metasurfaces, a new category of lithographically defined diffractive devices, are on the other hand thin and lightweight, and their phase profiles can be engineered with subwavelength resolution. This enables agile varifocal lenses, with large tunability of the optical power even for minute changes of the axial distance. Here, we propose and demonstrate MEMS-based tunable metasurface doublets with more than 60 diopters (about 4%) change in the optical power upon a 1 um movement of a membrane with one of the metasurface elements. Several doublets can be integrated on the same chip to scan a large range of focal distances at frequencies reaching a few kHz. The doublet can also be integrated with a third metasurface element to make a compact microscope (~1 mm thick) with a large corrected field of view (~500 um or 40 degrees) and a fast axial scanning for 3D imaging. The results presented here pave the way towards metasurface-based optical systems with fast, electrically tunable focal and imaging distances. They also present an example of the potentials of integrating metasurfaces with the well-established MEMS technology to enable a new category of micro-opto-electromechanical systems (MOEMS) with enhanced functionalities and new applications.
Humanized Culture Medium for Clinical Expansion of Human Erythroblasts (2010)

Ex vivo-generated erythroblasts represent alternative transfusion products. However, inclusion of bovine components in media used for their growth precludes clinical use, highlighting the importance of developing culture media based on pharmaceutical grade reagents. In addition, because adult blood generates ex vivo lower numbers of erythroblasts than cord blood, cord blood has been proposed as the source of choice for ex vivo erythroblast production. To clarify the potential of adult blood to generate erythroblasts ex vivo, experiments were designed to identify growth factors [stem cell factor (SCF), interleukin-3 (IL-3), erythropoietin (EPO), and/or thrombopoietin (TPO)] and the optimal concentration and addition schedule of hormones (dexamethasone and estradiol) sustaining maximal erythroid amplification from adult blood mononuclear cells (MNC) using media with serum previously defined as human erythroid massive amplification culture (HEMA(ser)). Adult MNC stimulated with SCF and IL-3 in combination with EPO generated a 6-12-fold increase in erythroid cells while TPO was ineffective. Dexamethasone and estradiol (both at 10(-6) M) exerted partially overlapping but nonredundant functions. Dexamethasone was indispensable in the first 10 days of culture while estradiol was required from day 10 on. The growth factor and hormone combinations identified in HEMA(ser) were then used to formulate a media composed of dialyzed pharmaceutical grade human albumin, human albumin-lipid liposomes, and iron-saturated recombinant human tranferrin (HEMA(def)). HEMA(def) sustained erythroid amplification as efficiently as HEMA(ser) for cord blood MNC and 10-fold higher than HEMA(ser) for adult blood MNC. In fact, the numbers of erythroblasts generated in HEMA(def) by adult MNC were similar to those generated by cord blood MNC. In conclusion, this study identifies growth factors, hormone combinations, and human protein-based media that allow similar levels of ex vivo erythroid expansion from adult and cord blood MNC, paving the way to evaluate adult blood as a source of ex vivo-expanded erythroblasts for transfusion.
Learning Data Augmentation with Online Bilevel Optimization for Image Classification (2021)

Data augmentation is a key practice in machine learning for improving generalization performance. However, finding the best data augmentation hyperparameters requires domain knowledge or a computationally demanding search. We address this issue by proposing an efficient approach to automatically train a network that learns an effective distribution of transformations to improve its generalization. Using bilevel optimization, we directly optimize the data augmentation parameters using a validation set. This framework can be used as a general solution to learn the optimal data augmentation jointly with an end task model like a classifier. Results show that our joint training method produces an image classification accuracy that is comparable to or better than carefully hand-crafted data augmentation. Yet, it does not need an expensive external validation loop on the data augmentation hyperparameters.
Synthesis of a Novel Series of 1,2,3-Triazole-Containing Artemisinin Dimers with Potent Anticancer Activity Involving Huisgen 1,3-Dipolar Cycloaddition Reaction (2011)

A series of C-10 acetal triazolylartemisinin dimers were prepared via the Huisgen 1,3-dipolar cylcoaddition of artemisinin-derived terminal alkynes with 10α-azidoartemisinin and various aliphatic­ and aromatic diazides. All the artemisinin dimers synthesized exhibited strong growth inhibition activity against several cancer cell lines.