gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Scalable six-axis force-torque sensor with a large range for biomechanical applications (2012)

A scalable silicon six-axis force-torque sensor is designed and realized to be used for measurement of the power transfer between the human body and the environment. Capacitive readout is used to detect all axial force components and all torque components simultaneously. Small electrode gaps in combination with mechanical amplification by the sensor structure result in a high sensitivity. The miniature sensor has a wide force range of up to 50 N in normal direction, 10 N in shear direction and 25 N-mm of maximum torque around each axis, and can easily be scaled to adapt for other force/torque ranges.
Hybrid Magnetoresistor-Planar Rogowski Current Sensing Scheme With Folded Trace Magnetic Field Concentration Technique (2017)

Wideband and isolated current measurement is required in many applications, including power electronics converters, when the switching frequency is above 1 MHz. This paper proposes a hybrid noncontact isolated current sensing scheme consisting of a magnetoresistor-based sensor and a planar Rogowski coil with complementary characteristics. In the proposed current sensing scheme, the folded trace technique is used to improve the magnetic field homogeneity in a wide frequency range, and hence the bandwidth of the sensing scheme. This paper presents the design procedures for the proposed hybrid sensing scheme. We demonstrate through experimentation that the proposed scheme yields a detection bandwidth of dc-10 MHz for 12-A current.
Acoustic Radiation Force Optical Coherence Elastography For Assessing (2014)

We developed a confocal acoustic radiation force (ARF) associated optical coherence elastography (OCE) system using a phase-resolved method to evaluate the mechanical properties of the artery tissue. We used a ring ultrasound transducer to generate an ARF as an internally localised vibrator to induce the motions of the tissue, which were detected by measuring the motion-induced phase changes to resolve the tissue deformations. We performed experiments both in phantoms and human coronary arteries in vitro. The atherosclerosis was visible in the OCE image, but not obviously in the OCT image. The results verified that our ARF-OCE system has great potential to measure the mechanical properties of the artery tissue.
Optical Nanoelectronics with Metamaterials (2006)

We give an overview of the fundamental properties of optical “lumped” circuit elements and components, utilizing optical metamaterials. We will discuss how these elements can be the building blocks for more complex optical nanoelectronics.
Bouncer (2007)

Attackers exploit software vulnerabilities to control or crash programs. Bouncer uses existing software instrumentation techniques to detect attacks and it generates filters automatically to block exploits of the target vulnerabilities. The filters are deployed automatically by instrumenting system calls to drop exploit messages. These filters introduce low overhead and they allow programs to keep running correctly under attack. Previous work computes filters using symbolic execution along the path taken by a sample exploit, but attackers can bypass these filters by generating exploits that follow a different execution path. Bouncer introduces three techniques to generalize filters so that they are harder to bypass: a new form of program slicing that uses a combination of static and dynamic analysis to remove unnecessary conditions from the filter; symbolic summaries for common library functions that characterize their behavior succinctly as a set of conditions on the input; and generation of alternative exploits guided by symbolic execution. Bouncer filters have low overhead, they do not have false positives by design, and our results show that Bouncer can generate filters that block all exploits of some real-world vulnerabilities.
Atomic layer deposition of sodium fluoride thin films (2021)

The need for advanced energy conversion and storage devices remains a critical challenge amid the growing worldwide demand for renewable energy. Metal fluoride thin films are of great interest for applications in lithium-ion and emerging rechargeable battery technologies, particularly for enhancing the stability of the electrode-electrolyte interface and thereby extending battery cyclability and lifetime. Reported within, sodium fluoride (NaF) thin films were synthesized via atomic layer deposition. NaF growth experiments were carried out at reactor temperatures between 175 and 250 °C using sodium tert-butoxide and HF-pyridine solution. The optimal deposition temperature range was 175–200 °C, and the resulting NaF films exhibited low roughness (Rq ≈ 1.6 nm for films of ∼8.5 nm), nearly stoichiometric composition (Na:F = 1:1.05) and a growth per cycle value of 0.85 Å/cycle on SiO2 substrates. These results are encouraging for future applications of NaF thin films in the development of improved energy capture and storage technologies.
An optical fiber infrasound sensor (1999)

As part of the International Monitoring System of the CTBT, infrasound signals in the band 0.02 to 4 Hz must be detected in the presence of ambient noise generated chiefly by wind. The effectiveness of acoustic filters employed in standard infrasound sensors is limited by pressure propagation and attenuation characteristics within the filter. To improve the signal-to-noise ratio, an optical fiber instrument for sensing the integrated pressure variations along a line has been designed. The sensor design consists of optical fibers inside a long, fluid-filled tube, deployed along the ground surface. Integrated pressure variations along the fiber’s length are sensed by interferometrically monitoring changes in the optical path length of the fiber. The optical fiber sensor can average over kilometer-scale lengths of arbitrary geometry with an averaging bandwidth governed by the speed of light and thus should offer significant practical advantages in reducing the effect of wind noise, increasing the signal-to-noise ratio over a wide bandwidth.
In-situ Measurement of the Extension of Hydraulically-formed Fracture in Geothermal Well by Means of Acoustic Emission (1982)

Hydraulic fracturing, which has been developed to stimulate oil reserviors, is recently noticed as a promising process to improve the productivity or injectivity of geothermal wells. In applying the hydraulic fracturing treatment to geothermal wells, the detection of fracture initiation and the mapping of extended fracture will be important for both optimizing fracturing operation and understanding the circulation mechanisms of subsurface geothermal fluid.This paper describes a development of acoustic emission (AE) detection technique for hydraulic fracturing of geothermal wells, where an acceleration-sense measurement is employed to detect acoustic signals from discrete fracturing events as the hydraulic fracture extended. AE signals could be detected at the place about 1500m far from expected fracture initiation point during hydraulic fracturing operation, which was carried out in Nigorikawa, Hokkaido, on May 1, 1980. It was suggested from the analysis of the data that AE provides an important insitu information on discretextension of fracture during hydraulic fracturing.
Enhanced Thermoelectric Properties of Poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene):poly(styrenesulfonate) by Binary Secondary Dopants (2015)

PSS thin films.
Automated fiducial marker planning for thoracic stereotactic body radiation therapy (2012)

Stereotactic body-radiation therapy (SBRT) has gained acceptance in treating lung cancer. Localization of a thoracic lesion is challenging as tumors can move significantly with breathing. Some SBRT systems compensate for tumor motion with the intrafraction tracking of targets by two stereo fluoroscopy cameras. However, many lung tumors lack a fluoroscopic signature and cannot be directly tracked. Small radiopaque fiducial markers, acting as fluoroscopically visible surrogates, are instead implanted nearby. The spacing and configuration of the fiducial markers is important to the success of the therapy as SBRT systems impose constraints on the geometry of a fiducial-marker constellation. It is difficult even for experienced physicians mentally assess the validity of a constellation a priori. To address this challenge, we present the first automated planning system for bronchoscopic fiducial-marker placement. Fiducial-marker planning is posed as a constrained combinatoric optimization problem. Constraints include requiring access from a navigable airway, having sufficient separation in the fluoroscopic imaging planes to resolve each individual marker, and avoidance of major blood vessels. Automated fiducial-marker planning takes approximately fifteen seconds, fitting within the clinical workflow. The resulting locations are integrated into a virtual bronchoscopic planning system, which provides guidance to each location during the implantation procedure. To date, we have retrospectively planned over 50 targets for treatment, and have implanted markers according to the automated plan in one patient who then underwent SBRT treatment. To our knowledge, this approach is the first to address automated bronchoscopic fiducialmarker planning for SBRT.
Performance Mimicking Benchmarks for Multi-tier Applications (2016)

Predicting performance of multi-tier enterprise applications for a target platform is of significant importance to IT industries especially when target environment is unavailable for deployment. Performance modeling techniques depend on accurate estimation of resource demands for a specific application. This paper proposes a methodology for deriving Performance Mimicking Benchmarks (PMBs) that can predict resource demand of application server of multi-tier on-line transaction processing applications on a target environment. PMBs do not require the actual application to be deployed on the target itself. These benchmarks invoke similar method calls as the application at different layers in the technology stack that contribute significantly to CPU utilization. Further, they mimic all send and receive interactions with external servers (e.g., database server) and web clients. Ability of PMBs for service demand prediction is validated with a number of sample multi-tier applications including SPECjEnterprise2010 on disparate hardware configurations. These service demands when used in a modified version of Mean Value Analysis algorithm, can predict throughput and response time with accuracy close to 90%.
Hydrolysis and Transglycosylation Reaction Specificity of Cyclodextrin Glycosyltransferases (2003)

The α-amylase family is a large group of enzymes that act on α-glycosidic bonds. Within this family, about twenty different reaction and product specificities can be found, including exo/endo-specificity, preferencefor α-(1, 4)- or α-(1, 6)-glycosidic bonds, and hydrolysis/transglycosylation reaction specificity. The combinationof three-dimensional structure elucidation and the biochemical characterization of dozens of site directed mutants has yielded a detailed insight into the catalytic mechanism employed by α-amylase family enzymes. Nevertheless, the variation in reaction and product specificity is far from understood. The purpose of this review is to give an overview of recent developments in the understanding of the hydrolysis and transglycosylation reaction specificity within cyclodextrin glycosyltransferase (CGTase), which is one of the best studied α-amylase family enzymes.
The effect of pendant group structure on the thermoresponsive properties of <i>N</i>-substituted polyesters (2017)

Structure–property correlation studies of a diverse set of biodegradable thermoresponsive polyesters provides a rationale for the design of thermoresponsive polyesters with desired cloud points.
Privacy and authentication on a portable communications system (1993)

Public-key/private-key hybrid key agreements and authentication protocols which maintain privacy of conversation and location information, and deter usage fraud, are presented. These protocols are optimized for low complexity in the portable unit and network infrastructure. The basic cryptographic techniques are described, and some complexity information obtained from these laboratory experiments and from other sources are presented. The three public-key protocols described have differing levels of security and complexity: and the tradeoffs are discussed. Because of the complexity concerns mentioned above, the public-key protocols are compared to a representative private-key approach in the areas of both security and computational complexity.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Digital video stabilization through curve warping techniques (2008)

The widespread diffusion of hand-held devices with video recording capabilities requires the adoption of reliable digital Stabilization methods to enjoy the acquired sequences without disturbing jerkiness. In order to effectively get rid of the unwanted camera movements, an estimate of the global motion between adjacent frames is necessary. This paper presents a novel approach for estimating the global motion between frames using a curve warping technique known as dynamic time warping. The proposed algorithm guarantees robustness also in presence of sharp illumination changes and moving objects.
Flexible temperature and flow sensor from laser-induced graphene (2017)

Herein we present a flexible temperature sensor and a flow speed sensor based on laser-induced graphene. The main benefits arise from peculiar electrical, thermal and mechanical performances of the material thus obtained, along with a cheap and simple fabrication process. The temperature sensor is a negative temperature coefficient thermistor with non-linear response typical of semi-metals. The thermistor shows a 4% decrease of the resistance in a temperature range of 20–60 °C. The flow sensor exploits the piezoresistive properties of laser-induced graphene and can be used both in gaseous and liquid media thanks to a protective polydimethylsiloxane coating. Main characteristics are ultra-fast response and versatility in design offered by the laser technology.
Malware Detection on General-Purpose Computers Using Power Consumption\n Monitoring: A Proof of Concept and Case Study (2017)

Malware detection is challenging when faced with automatically generated and\npolymorphic malware, as well as with rootkits, which are exceptionally hard to\ndetect. In an attempt to contribute towards addressing these challenges, we\nconducted a proof of concept study that explored the use of power consumption\nfor detection of malware presence in a general-purpose computer. The results of\nour experiments indicate that malware indeed leaves a signal on the power\nconsumption of a general-purpose computer. Specifically, for the case study\nbased on two different rootkits, the data collected at the +12V rails on the\nmotherboard showed the most noticeable increment of the power consumption after\nthe computer was infected. Our future work includes experimenting with more\nmalware examples and workloads, and developing data analytics approach for\nautomatic malware detection based on power consumption.\n
Integrated Optics Pockels Cell As A High Voltage Sensor (1992)

The theory of operation of the integrated optics Pockels cell, for use as a high voltage sensor, is described. The results of measurements on various samples for bias, extinction ratio, and piezoelectric resonance are presented.
Switching dual layer display with dynamic LCD mask (2013)

The Switching Dual Layer Display with a Dynamic LCD Mask is a multi-layer three-dimensional display capable of independent layer content and occlusion between layers. The display consists of a spaced stack of transparent LCD panel and LCD monitor synchronously switching between content, mask, and backlight states. In the first state, the back layer displays white and the front layer displays its content. The back layer acts as a backlight for the front layer, making the front layer content visible. In the second state, the back layer displays content and the front layer displays a mask. The back layer content is occluded by the front layer mask. Rapidly alternating between states, the viewer perceives opaque high-contrast foreground content occluding the background. Besides multi-plane imagery, depth-blending using opacity allows for smooth 3D volumetric imagery at the cost of reduced field of view. The addition of a relay mirror and a phantom mask allows solid appearing front layer content to optically float above and occlude the back layer. The floating front layer is non-physical, so both display layers are accessible for interactive applications.
Benefit of Cone‐Beam CT Angiography in Visualizing Aneurysm Shape and Identification of Exact Rupture Site (2014)

While high-resolution cone-beam computational tomographic (CBCT) angiography has gained use in intracranial vascular imaging, digital subtraction angiography (DSA) and 3-dimensional-rotational angiography (3D-RA) remain the preferred acquisition modalities for intracranial aneurysm imaging. This case report highlights the utility of the greater spatial resolution afforded by CBCT for cerebral aneurysm imaging. A 54-year-old man presenting with subarachnoid hemorrhage was confirmed to harbor a ruptured anterior communicating artery aneurysm by conventional angiography. Due to varying contrast opacification captured by different acquisition methods, dramatic aneurysm shape difference was observed between 2- and 3-dimensional-angiographic and CBCT models. The greater resolution of CBCT revealed in an unequivocal fashion the exact site of rupture on the aneurysm dome, visualized as a discrete irregular and elongated bleb that was not seen on either 3D-RA or DSA. High-resolution CBCT visualized the shape of the target aneurysm in greater detail than the more conventional 2D-DSA and 3D-RA, enabling more precise computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulations. Given that aneurysms most likely change shape either prior to rupture or upon rupture, future studies evaluating fluid dynamics using computer reconstructions should be cognizant of the differences in resolution provided by various imaging modalities.
roBlocks (2006)

We describe work in progress on roBlocks, a computational construction kit that encourages users to experiment and play with a collection of sensor, logic and actuator blocks, exposing them to a variety of advanced concepts including kinematics, feedback and distributed control. Its interface presents novice users with a simple, tangible set of robotic blocks, whereas advanced users work with software tools to analyze and rewrite the programs embedded in each block. Early results suggest that roBlocks may be an effective vehicle to expose young people to complex ideas in science, technology, engineering and mathematics.
Sign-Alternating Dispersion Patterning for Supercontinuum Generation (2019)

Summary form only given. Supercontinuum generation (SCG), a process that generates a wide and coherent bandwidth of light, has become foundational in emergent optical technologies in a plethora of fields, such as optical coherence tomography (OCT), metrology (e.g., integrated photonic Kerr combs) and precision sensing. As advanced applications of SCG emerge, the requirements on the spectral bandwidth, the coherence, its temporal compressibility, and the quality of the optical spectral content (e.g., a uniformly flat spectral profile) are increasing. Moreover, as these technologies need not be restricted to the lab, the spectral conversion efficiency of SCG must increase from current technology that functions, e.g., in the tens of nJ pulse energy, to sub nJ levels. We present a new concept for increasing the spectral bandwidth in coherent SCG, wherein we remove these fundamental physical limitations via alternating the sign of higher order dispersion during nonlinear generation. We demonstrate this methodology to push the mentioned limits in SCG by showing how the method enables to overcome spectral stagnation in ND SCG. Consequently, the method promises the advantages ofND SCG, namely, uniformly fl at spectral profiles, ultra -high coherence, and easy temporal compression [2] at much lower pump powers than current schemes. Our concept then will support to avoid the trade-offs in current SCG schemes. We demonstrate the method in a proof of concept experiment by injecting ultrashort laser pulses (75 fs, 1560 nm) into a spliced optical fi ber chain, patterned into four ND and three AD dispersion sign -alternating segments of standard telecom step -index fi bers (Corning Hi1060flex for ND and SMF28 for AD segments). Fig. 1 shows the large bandwidth enhancement of the dispersion -segmented fi ber chain which provides significantly wider spectra than with the same lengths of homogeneous dispersion of either type. The pulse energy (450 pJ) was substantially lower than the value needed to obtain the same spectral width with the ND fi ber, demonstrating that the method substantially lowers the powers needed for SCG.
Polarized Enhanced Backscattering Spectroscopy for Characterization of Biological Tissues at Subdiffusion Length Scales (2011)

Since the early 1980's, the enhanced backscattering (EBS) phenomenon has been well-studied in a large variety of non-biological materials. Yet, until recently the use of conventional EBS for the characterization of biological tissue has been fairly limited. In this work we detail the unique ability of EBS to provide spectroscopic, polarimetric, and depth-resolved characterization of biological tissue using a simple backscattering instrument. We first explain the experimental and numerical procedures used to accurately measure and model the full azimuthal EBS peak shape in biological tissue. Next we explore the peak shape and height dependencies for different polarization channels and spatial coherence of illumination. We then illustrate the extraordinary sensitivity of EBS to the shape of the scattering phase function using suspensions of latex microspheres. Finally, we apply EBS to biological tissue samples in order to measure optical properties and observe the spatial length-scales at which backscattering is altered in early colon carcinogenesis.
Frequency-Domain Intra Prediction Analysis and Processing for High-Quality Video Coding (2014)

Most of the advances in video coding technology focus on applications that require low bitrates, for example, for content distribution on a mass scale. For these applications, the performance of conventional coding methods is typically sufficient. Such schemes inevitably introduce large losses to the signal, which are unacceptable for numerous other professional applications such as capture, production, and archiving. To boost the performance of video codecs for high-quality content, better techniques are needed especially in the context of the prediction module. An analysis of conventional intra prediction methods used in the state-of-the-art High Efficiency Video Coding (HEVC) standard is reported in this paper, in terms of the prediction performance of such methods in the frequency domain. Appropriately modified encoder and decoder schemes are presented and used for this paper. The analysis shows that conventional intra prediction methods can be improved, especially for high frequency components of the signal which are typically difficult to predict. A novel approach to improve the efficiency of high-quality video coding is also presented in this paper based on such analysis. The modified encoder scheme allows for an additional stage of processing performed on the transformed prediction to replace selected frequency components of the signal with specifically defined synthetic content. The content is introduced in the signal using feature-dependent lookup tables. The approach is shown to achieve consistent gains against conventional HEVC with up to -5.2% coding gains in terms of bitrate savings.