gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Autostimulation of the Epstein-Barr Virus BRLF1 Promoter Is Mediated through Consensus Sp1 and Sp3 Binding Sites (2001)

As an essential step in the lytic cascade, the Rta homologues of gammaherpesviruses all activate their own expression. Consistent with this biologic function, the Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) Rta protein powerfully stimulates the promoter of its own gene, Rp, in EBV-positive B cells in transient-transfection reporter-based assays. We analyzed the activity of RpCAT in response to Rta by deletional and site-directed mutagenesis. Two cognate Sp1 binding sites located at -279 and -45 relative to the transcriptional start site proved crucial for Rta-mediated activation. Previously described binding sites for the cellular transcription factor Zif268 and the viral transactivator ZEBRA were found to be dispensable for activation of RpCAT by Rta. Gel shift analysis, using extracts of B cells in latency or induced into the lytic cycle, identified Sp1 and Sp3 as the predominant cellular proteins bound to Rp near -45. During the lytic cycle, ZEBRA bound Rp near the Sp1/Sp3 site. The binding of Sp1 and Sp3 to Rp correlated with the reporter activities in the mutagenesis study, establishing a direct link between transcriptional activation of Rp by Rta and DNA binding by Sp1 and/or Sp3. The relative abundance or functional state of the cellular Sp1 and Sp3 transcription factors may be altered in response to stimuli that induce the BRLF1 promoter and thereby contribute to the activation of the viral lytic cycle.
The effect of the association of near infrared laser therapy, bone morphogenetic proteins, and guided bone regeneration on tibial fractures treated with internal rigid fixation: A Raman spectroscopic study (2010)

Fractures have different etiology and treatment and may be associated or not to bone losses. Laser light has been shown to improve bone healing. We aimed to assess, through Raman spectroscopy, the level of CHA (approximately 958 cm(-1)) on complete fractures animals treated with IRF treated or not with Low Level Laser Therapy-LLLT and associated or not to BMPs and GBR. Complete tibial fractures were created on 15 animals that were divided into five groups. LLLT (Laser Unit, Kondortech, São Carlos, SP, Brazil, lambda790 nm, 4 J/cm(2)/point, 40 mW, phi approximately 0.5 cm(2), 16 J/cm(2) session) started immediately after surgery and repeated at 48 h interval (2 weeks). Animal death occurred after 30 days. Raman spectroscopy was performed at the surface of the fracture. Our results showed significant differences between the groups IRF + BL /IRF_NBL (p = 0.05); between all experimental groups and untreated bone; bone/IRF + BL; IRF + BL + Bio + GBR; IRF + BL + LLLT; IRF + BL + Bio + GBR + LLLT; IRF_NBL (p < 0.001, all); IRF_NBL/IRF + BL + LLLT (p = 0.03); IRF_NBL/IRF + BL + Bio + GBR + LLLT (p = 0.02); IRF + BL/IRF + BL + LLLT (p = 0.04); IRF + BL/IRF + BL + Bio + GBR + LLLT (p = 0.002); IRF + BL + Bio + GBR/IRF + BL + Bio + GBR + LLLT (p = 0.05). It is concluded that the use of NIR LLLT associated to BMPs and GBR was effective in improving bone healing on fractured bones due to increased levels of CHA.
Recent advances in incretin‐based therapies (2012)

The global burden of type 2 diabetes is growing. Traditional therapies are suboptimal and there is a clear unmet need for treatments that offer effective glucose control while addressing the comorbid factors associated with diabetes, such as obesity and risk of cardiovascular disease, without the fear of hypoglycaemia. Glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists and dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitors offer a novel way of reducing hyperglycaemia by targeting the incretin system. This review provides an overview of the development of incretin-based therapies and explains their differing modes of action compared with traditional interventions. A comparison of the clinical profiles of current glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists [liraglutide and exenatide (twice-daily and once-weekly)] and dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitors (sitagliptin, saxagliptin, vildagliptin and linagliptin) is performed alongside a discussion of the placement of incretin-based therapies in treatment guidelines. Further improvements in this class are expected, and we will examine some of the novel glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists and dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitors currently under development.
Hollow core photonic crystal fiber for monitoring leukemia cells using surface enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) (2015)

The present paper demonstrates an antibody-free, robust, fast, and portable platform for detection of leukemia cells using Raman spectroscopy with a 785-nm laser diode coupled to a hollow core photonic crystal (HC-PCF) containing silver nanoparticles. Acute myeloid leukemia is one of the most common bone marrow cancers in children and youths. Clinical studies suggest that early diagnosis and remission evaluation of myoblasts in the bone marrow are pivotal for improving patient survival. However, the current protocols for leukemic cells detection involve the use of expensive antibodies and flow cytometers. Thus, we have developed a new technology for detection of leukemia cells up to 300 cells/ml using a compact fiber HC-PCF, which offers a novel alternative to existing clinical standards. Furthermore, we were also able to accurately distinguish live, apoptotic and necrotic leukemic cells.
High-level production and purification of a fully active recombinant dextransucrase from <i>Leuconostoc mesenteroides</i> NRRL B-512F (2006)

International audience
Probing the Interaction of Polyphenols with Lipid Bilayers by Solid-State NMR Spectroscopy (2011)

Polyphenols are bioactive natural products that appear to act against a wide range of pathologies. Mechanisms of activity have not been established, but recent studies have suggested that some polyphenols bind to membranes. This study examined the interaction between lipid bilayers and three structurally diverse polyphenols. It was hypothesized that features of the polyphenols such as polarity, molecular size, molecular geometry, and number and arrangement of phenol hydroxyl groups would determine the tendency to interact with the bilayer. The examined compounds included a mixed polyphenol, (-)-epigallocatechin gallate (EGCg); a proanthocyanidin trimer comprising catechin-(4→8)-catechin-(4→8)-catechin (cat₃; and a hydrolyzable tannin, 1,2,3,4,6-penta-O-galloyl-β-D-glucopyranose (PGG). These polyphenols were incorporated at different levels into ²H-labeled 1,2-dimyristoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine (DMPC) multilamellar vesicles (MLVs). ³¹P and ²H solid-state NMR experiments were performed to determine the dynamics of the headgroup region and the hydrophobic acyl chain region of the lipid bilayer upon addition of polyphenols. The chemical shift anisotropy (CSA) width of the ³¹P NMR spectra decreased upon addition of polyphenols. Addition of PGG induces a dramatic reduction on the CSA width compared with the control lipid bilayer sample, whereas addition of cat₃ barely reduces the CSA width. The ²H quadupolar splitting of the lipids also decreased upon addition of polyphenols. At the same concentration, PGG substantially reduced the quadrupolar splitting, whereas cat₃ barely reduced it when compared with the control sample. From a calculation of the order parameters of the acyl chain region of the lipid bilayer, it was concluded that the hydrophobic part of the lipid bilayer was perturbed by PGG, whereas cat₃ did not cause large perturbations. The data suggest that the polarity of the polyphenols affects the interaction between tannins and membranes. The interactions may relate to the biological activities of polyphenols.
Novel compound from Trachyspermum ammi (Ajowan caraway) seeds with antibiofilm and antiadherence activities against Streptococcus mutans: a potential chemotherapeutic agent against dental caries (2010)

Trachyspermum ammi represents an interesting source of a novel compound, (4aS, 5R, 8aS) 5, 8a-di-1-propyl-octahydronaphthalen-1-(2H)-one, with a great potential to be used as a therapeutic agent against dental caries.
Computer-aided Assessment of Catheters and Tubes on Radiographs: How Good Is Artificial Intelligence for Assessment? (2020)

Catheters are the second most common abnormal finding on radiographs. The position of catheters must be assessed on all radiographs because serious complications can arise if catheters are malpositioned. However, due to the large number of radiographs obtained each day, there can be substantial delays between the time a radiograph is obtained and when it is interpreted by a radiologist. Computer-aided approaches hold the potential to assist in prioritizing radiographs with potentially malpositioned catheters for interpretation and automatically insert text indicating the placement of catheters in radiology reports, thereby improving radiologists' efficiency. After 50 years of research in computer-aided diagnosis, there is still a paucity of study in this area. With the development of deep learning approaches, the problem of catheter assessment is far more solvable. This review provides an overview of current algorithms and identifies key challenges in building a reliable computer-aided diagnosis system for assessment of catheters on radiographs. This review may serve to further the development of machine learning approaches for this important use case. <i>Supplemental material is available for this article.</i> © RSNA, 2020.
Cocaine Hepatotoxicity: Influence of Hepatic Enzyme Inducing and Inhibiting Agents on the Site of Necrosis (1992)

Cocaine-induced hepatotoxicity has been reported in human beings and is well documented in mice. One interesting feature of this toxicity that appears to be common to both species is an apparent shift in the intraacinar site of necrosis under circumstances known to alter cocaine metabolism. However, the evidence in human subjects is limited, and studies elucidating the mechanism of this phenomenon cannot be performed in human beings. Although future studies in mice may define the basis of this mechanism, the current evidence is a somewhat fragmented composite of studies using different mouse strains and enzyme-inducing agents. Therefore a comprehensive pathologic investigation was initiated for the purpose of identifying and establishing an animal model suitable for studying this phenomenon. In naive ICR mice a single 60 mg/kg dose of cocaine was found to produce midzonal (zone 2) coagulative necrosis. In mice whose oxidative metabolism had been increased with beta-ionone or in which esterase metabolism had been inhibited by diazinon, the severity of the toxicity was increased but the intraacinar origin of the lesion did not change. However, when the oxidative microsomal metabolism of ICR mice was induced by phenobarbital or beta-naphthoflavone, the acinar zone affected was dramatically different. Phenobarbital induction produced zone 1 necrosis, whereas beta-napthoflavone induction caused necrosis in zone 3. The site of necrosis corresponded with the distribution of cocaine, and its metabolites were identified with colloidal gold-conjugated antibody probes. The results of this study suggest that the agents shifting the location of cocaine-induced hepatic necrosis alter the intraacinar site of protein binding of cocaine and its metabolites.
Natural Resonances of Radar Targets Via Prony's Method and Target Discrimination (1976)

The dominant complex natural resonances of radar targets are obtained via Prony's method applied to calculated and measured back-scattered ramp response waveforms. Subject targets are spheres, simple wire models of straight and swept wing aircraft, and realistic models of modern fighter aircraft. It is demonstrated that when the backscattered ramp response waveforms are obtained via Fourier synthesis of limited spectral range harmonic scattering data, some resonance locations at variance with those obtained from reaction integral equation search procedures are obtained. It is also shown, however, that the Prony deduced resonances can be used successfully in predictor-correlator target discrimination.
Risks and Benefits of the Treatment of Psoriasis (1979)

Psoriasis is a chronic cutaneous disorder of unknown cause that afflicts at least 2 per cent of the population of the United States. The manifestations of psoriasis range from a few localized lesions to a generalized exfoliative erythroderma; the consequences of the disease vary from inconvenience to disablement. Epidermal proliferation with rapid cell turnover is a primary feature, so that therapies that inhibit cell division are used. Among these therapies photochemotherapy has been the treatment of choice since its introduction by Goeckerman in 1925.1 Initially, ultraviolet light in the short (290 to 320 nm) range was employed, along with crude . . .
Weed Science Society of America weed biology survey (1997)

WSSA members were surveyed in 1993–1994 to determine their perceptions of the contribution of weed biology to weed management. A questionnaire was included in the society newsletter, from which 152 responses were returned by mail or collected at the 1994 annual meeting. Over half the respondents felt that the overall contribution of weed biology to weed management had been moderate to high. Aspects of population dynamics and competition emerged as the areas that respondents felt should have the greatest impact on weed management in the future. The areas of computer modeling, interactions between weeds and other pests, and seedbank dynamics were predicted to show the greatest increases in importance in the future. The relative importance of taxonomy and weed identification was expected to decrease. Allelopathy, morphology and anatomy, and genetics and evolution were considered least likely to be important to weed management.
A New Placement Heuristic for the Orthogonal Stock-Cutting Problem (2004)

This paper presents a new best-fit heuristic for the two-dimensional rectangular stock-cutting problem and demonstrates its effectiveness by comparing it against other published approaches. A placement algorithm usually takes a list of shapes, sorted by some property such as increasing height or decreasing area, and then applies a placement rule to each of these shapes in turn. The proposed method is not restricted to the first shape encountered but may dynamically search the list for better candidate shapes for placement. We suggest an efficient implementation of our heuristic and show that it compares favourably to other heuristic and metaheuristic approaches from the literature in terms of both solution quality and execution time. We also present data for new problem instances to encourage further research and greater comparison between this and future methods.
Calcium Peroxide Diperoxohydrate as a Storable Chemical Generator of Singlet Oxygen for Organic Synthesis (2002)

Calcium peroxide diperoxohydrate (CaO(2).2H(2)O(2)) is an environmentally friendly generator of singlet oxygen ((1)O(2), (1)Delta(g)) that can be used in organic synthesis as an alternative to the regular photochemical method. This compound produces (1)O(2) in various solvents and can be easily recovered by filtration for further regeneration. Both monitoring of (1)O(2) luminescence at 1270 nm and specific trapping have shown that CaO(2).2H(2)O(2) can be stored for several days at -80 degrees C and that the yield of (1)O(2) is equal to 25%. Oxidation of typical organic substrates in methanol or THF through [4 + 2] or [2 + 2] cycloaddition and ene reaction have been carried out on a preparative scale with total conversion and selectivity.
RFID EPC-Gen2 for postal applications: A security and privacy survey (2010)

Security and privacy on low-cost RFID deployments is focusing the attention of researchers due to the progressive adoption by retailers, making the RFID a real ubiquitous technology. Besides the retail sector, other logistics industries are starting to improve their processes with this technology like the postal companies, supposed to be one of the largest RFID sector. This paper is focused on the postal model of EPC RFID technology, and its security and privacy implications. We define a postal RFID threat context and propose measures to improve security and privacy in current RFID deployments.
Work on Statistical Methods for Word Sense Disambiguation (1992)

Table 1: Sample Concordances of duty (split into two senses) Sense Examples (from Canadian Hansards) tax fewer cases of companies paying duty and then claiming a refund and impose a countervailing duty of 29,1 per cent on candian exports of the united states imposed a duty on canadian salttish last year obligation it is my honour and duty to present a petition duly approved working well beyond the call of duty ? SENT i know what time they start in addition, it is my duty to present the government’s comments
Singular beam microscopy (2007)

Optical singularities are localized regions in a light field where one or more of the field parameters, such as phase or polarization, become singular with associated zero intensity. Singular beam microscopy exploits the fact that the strong variations of the optical field around the singularities are highly sensitive to changes in their neighborhood. As a consequence, analysis of the light field scattered from the object during a scanning process can yield useful information about the object features. We present a theoretical background, numerical simulations, and experimental results. Preliminary experiments have demonstrated a sensitivity of 20 nm in the position and size of simple objects, with theoretically estimated 1 nm capability under the assumption of a reasonable and conservative 30 dB signal to noise ratio.
High density multilayer substrates using patterned microvia interposers (2002)

Printed wiring boards and IC packaging technologies are continuing to dovetail in the form of high density substrates with increasing complexity and finer dimensions. Double sided circuits with lines and spaces of less than 2 mils and vias down to 1-3 mils are being achieved in both rigid and flexible laminates. Despite these impressive geometries, lamination of several of these double-sided circuits into multilayer constructions is required to produce the necessary density within reasonable dimensions. One approach is to use an adhesive interposer with patterned microvias. These vias can either be filled with a conductive composite material or can be penetrated by conductive posts formed directly on the circuit pads. The composite material discussed is an organic-metallic (Ormet(R)) paste that creates electrical connection between the two circuit pads by alloying with the pad metallization via a mechanism known as transient liquid phase sintering (TLPS). The partially sintered network that is formed provides a reliable path for electrical conduction, comparable to cermet materials, but at the laminate compatible processing temperatures. The structures and performance of high density multilayer substrates fabricated by lamination of double-sided flexible circuits interleaved with patterned interposers and conductive composites in various configurations are presented. Examples of the structures are given along with alternative uses for this type of interposer such as connection of high density circuit patches to standard low density printed wiring boards to provide localized high density for chip attach.
Mitochondrial Mutagenesis and Oxidative Stress in Human Prostate Cancer (2004)

Prostate cancer is the most common cancer diagnosed in men in the United States, but the primary cause and the molecular events leading to prostate carcinogenesis are poorly understood. Using the approach of laser capture microdissection, we revealed extensive somatic mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) mutations in prostatic neoplastic lesions. Inspection of the lesion associated mutations not only provided new insights into the genetics of prostate cancer, but also revealed new patterns of mtDNA mutation in prostate carcinogenesis. Further analysis on a high frequency of multiple mutational events observed in the same neoplastic lesion revealed an unusually rapid process in mitochondrial mutagenesis, suggesting a new process of mitochondrial hyper-mutagenesis in cancer cells, likely mediated by cellular oxidative stress. Thus, active mitochondrial mutagenesis in prostate cancer suggests a prominent role of increased cellular oxidative stress in neoplastic transformation and the increased susceptibility of neoplastic cells to oxidative damage.
Nonlinear couplings and energy transfers in micro- and nano-mechanical resonators: intermodal coupling, internal resonance and synchronization (2018)

Extensive development of micro/nano-electromechanical systems (MEMS/NEMS) has resulted in technologies that exhibit excellent performance over a wide range of applications in both applied (e.g. sensing, imaging, timing and signal processing) and fundamental sciences (e.g. quantum-level problems). Many of these outstanding applications benefit from resonance phenomena by employing micro/nanoscale mechanical resonators often fabricated into a beam-, membrane- or plate-type structure. During the early development stage, one of the vibrational modes (typically the fundamental mode) of a resonator is considered in the design and application. In the past decade, however, there has been a growing interest in using more than one vibrational mode for the enhanced functionality of MEMS/NEMS. In this paper, we review recent research efforts to investigate the nonlinear coupling and energy transfers between multiple modes in micro/nano-mechanical resonators, focusing especially on intermodal coupling, internal resonance and synchronization.This article is part of the theme issue 'Nonlinear energy transfer in dynamical and acoustical systems'.
Type I IFN signature in childhood-onset systemic lupus erythematosus: a conspiracy of DNA- and RNA-sensing receptors? (2018)

IFN-I activation, assessed as ISG expression, in cSLE is associated with increased expression of TLR7, and RNA and DNA binding receptors, and these receptors contribute to IFN-I activation via TBK1 signaling. TBK1-blockers may therefore be a promising treatment target for SLE.
Soft Magnetic Powder Composites and Potential Applications in Modern Electric Machines and Devices (2014)

Powder metallurgical manufacture has the singular ability to produce net shaped products (gear box parts and motor parts) for the automobile industry. Soft magnetic composite (SMC) powder coupled with the P/M production process open new possibilities in the design and manufacture of parts for electrical applications. With increasing values of operating frequency, the use of SMC can contribute to a substantial decrease of specific core losses of the machine, simultaneously increasing its total efficiency. In contrast to laminated cores, the manufacturing process of SMCs does not influence their final magnetic properties. These properties are homogenous and do not change after assembly of the motor. New SMC materials can outperform current laminated steel materials when measurements are done in the same conditions with similar samples. Many of the existing prejudices about the magnetic properties of SMC can thus be eliminated or attenuated if we respect its optimal use in adequate applications.