gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Pulmonary function profile in chronic congestive heart failure and the effect of ipratropium bromide. (2000)

Twenty-five symptomatic patients of chronic heart failure were subjected to spirometry to detect abnormalities of pulmonary function and to assess the effect of ipratropium bromide in reversing or minimising these abnormalities. All the patients exhibited abnormal pulmonary function manifesting as obstructive (15/25) or restrictive (10/25) ventilatory defect. There was overall improvement in lung functions with ipratropium bromide especially in those with obstructive ventilatory defects and mostly comprised of smokers. Forced expiratory volume in one second increased by 47.7 percent (p < 0.02), forced expiratory volume in one second/forced vital capacity ratio by 14.1 percent (p < 0.001) and maximal voluntary ventilation by 40.6 percent (p < 0.05) in these patients. It is concluded that ipratropium bromide can prove as a promising adjunctive therapeutic intervention in improving quality of life in patients of chronic congestive heart failure who are incapacitated by dyspnoea and have clearly documented ventilatory defects.
Differential lysis of tumors by polyclonal T cell lines and T cell clones specific for hTERT (2007)

The human telomerase reverse transcriptase hTERT is overexpressed in most human tumors and contributes importantly to oncogenesis by maintaining the integrity of telomeric DNA. Despite being a self-antigen, the hTERT enzyme is immunogenic. Peptides derived from hTERT have been shown both in vitro and in vivo to drive the activation and proliferation of peptide-specific T lymphocytes. An HLA-A2-binding peptide from Htert (I540, ILAKFLHWL) has been used to generate peptide-specific T cells in vitro and in vivo in patients that lyse telomerase-positive tumors in an MHC-restricted fashion. Although these and other data suggest that I540 is naturally processed and presented on the surface of certain tumor cells, there are reports that I540-specific T cells, and in particular, T cell clones, do not lyse tumors in vitro. Here, we compared cytotoxic function of I540-specfic T cell clones vs. polyclonal T cell lines, including clones and lines generated from the same donor. We found that I540-specific polyclonal T cell lines lyse telomerase-positive tumors whereas non-specific polyclonal T cell lines and I540-specific T cell clones do not. Estimated TCR avidity for I540, as well as cell surface expression of CD45RO, CD45RA, CD28, CD27, CD57 and CD62L were similar between lines and clones. V beta usage, however, differed such that the majority of the I540-specific TCR repertoire found in polyclonal T cell lines was not represented in clones generated from the same source material. Thus, I540-specific T cells can vary in cytotoxic potential depending on the method of generation, isolation and expansion.
Evaluation of cellular mobile telephone data receivers (1980)

Some measurement techniques and results employed to evaluate advanced mobile phone system (AMPS) data receivers being driven by a Rayleigh fading channel are described. These performance measurements were used as a mechanism for comparing the design effectiveness of various bit clock recovery systems. Of five data receiver types evaluated, two models employed a full-wave rectifier in the bit clock recovery system. In this system nominal diode unbalance may cause the derived bit clock to lock 180° from the phase required to properly decode the incoming bit stream. This condition may even occur at high carrier-to-noise ratios when message structures containing long strings of ones or zeros are received. The other data receiver types employed digital signal processing for clock recovery to circumvent this phase ambiguity problem. The performance data of five data receivers are compared to noncoherent frequency-shift keying (FSK) as a model. In most cases, the test results are in good agreement with this model. The performance measurements presented include derived clock jitter and single and average bit error rates as a function of average carrier-to-noise ratios. The implementation of test instrumentation and the interpretation of test results are discussed. The objective is to stress the capability of simulation measurements to evaluate mobile receiver designs in a laboratory environment.
Examination of biodegradability of poly(ethylene carbonate) and poly(propylene carbonate) in the peritoneal cavity in rats. (1983)

The biodegradability of poly (ethylene carbonate) and poly (propylene carbonate), synthesized from carbon dioxide and alkylene epoxides, was investigated. The biodegradation of poly (ethylene carbonate) pellets in the peritoneal cavity in rats was observable 2 d after implantation and was nearly completed within 2 weeks. The degradation of poly-(propylene carbonate) pellets was not measurable after 2 months. The degradation rate of the pellets made of mixtures of the two types of polycarbonates decreased with increase in poly (propylene carbonate) content. No retardation in body weight gain was observed in polycarbonate-implanted rats. No visible undesirable reaction was observed at the implanted sites.
Synthesis of Collagen‐Like Sequential Polypeptides Containing <i>O</i>‐Phospho‐<scp>L</scp>‐Hydroxyproline and Preparation of Electrospun Composite Fibers for Possible Dental Application (2008)

A synthetic route is described for collagen-like polypeptides constructed from O-phospho-L-hydroxyproline [Hyp(PO(3)H(2))] residues. Using the synthetic polypeptides and a natural protein, gelatin, fine fibers and their network structures (ESNWs) were prepared via electrospinning. The composite ESNWs can induce the mineralization of calcium phosphate. The phosphoryl groups of the Hyp(PO(3)H(2)) residues affect both the crystalline phase and amount of the calcium phosphate, depending on the chemical structure in the repeating sequence. The composite ESNWs can be developed as a biocompatible replacement of the extracellular matrix of hard tissues, and thus can be applied as dental materials for restoration of dental cavities or as a sealant for pits and fissures.
Rumors in a Network: Who's the Culprit? (2011)

We provide a systematic study of the problem of finding the source of a rumor in a network. We model rumor spreading in a network with the popular susceptible-infected (SI) model and then construct an estimator for the rumor source. This estimator is based upon a novel topological quantity which we term rumor centrality. We establish that this is a maximum likelihood (ML) estimator for a class of graphs. We find the following surprising threshold phenomenon: on trees which grow faster than a line, the estimator always has nontrivial detection probability, whereas on trees that grow like a line, the detection probability will go to 0 as the network grows. Simulations performed on synthetic networks such as the popular small-world and scale-free networks, and on real networks such as an internet AS network and the U.S. electric power grid network, show that the estimator either finds the source exactly or within a few hops of the true source across different network topologies. We compare rumor centrality to another common network centrality notion known as distance centrality. We prove that on trees, the rumor center and distance center are equivalent, but on general networks, they may differ. Indeed, simulations show that rumor centrality outperforms distance centrality in finding rumor sources in networks which are not tree-like.
Human FGF-21 Is a Substrate of Fibroblast Activation Protein (2016)

FGF-21 is a key regulator of metabolism and potential drug candidate for the treatment of type II diabetes and other metabolic disorders. However, the half-life of active, circulating, human FGF-21 has recently been shown to be limited in mice and monkeys by a proteolytic cleavage between P171 and S172. Here, we show that fibroblast activation protein is the enzyme responsible for this proteolysis by demonstrating that purified FAP cleaves human FGF-21 at this site in vitro, and that an FAP-specific inhibitor, ARI-3099, blocks the activity in mouse, monkey and human plasma and prolongs the half-life of circulating human FGF-21 in mice. Mouse FGF-21, however, lacks the FAP cleavage site and is not cleaved by FAP. These findings indicate FAP may function in the regulation of metabolism and that FAP inhibitors may prove useful in the treatment of diabetes and metabolic disorders in humans, but pre-clinical proof of concept studies in rodents will be problematic.
High-precision micronozzle fabrication (1992)

A process for fabricating a high-precision micronozzle with irregular inner shapes (at its end) and high aspect ratio (at its main part) was developed. Micronozzles 3 mm long with slit-type openings of 100*10 mu m, triangular openings of 50 mu m, and circular openings of 6 mu m were successfully obtained. By using a WEDG (wire electrodischarge grinding) polishing technology, a core with a smooth mirrorlike surface was prepared, improving the precision and inner surface quality of the micronozzles produced. The core preparation process with WEDG and WECG can be carried out using common low-conductivity water. This makes the fabricating process simple and effective. Stainless steel was suitable as the core material for WECG operation. A micropipe with an inner diameter of 50 mu m and aspect ratio of 40 was successfully manufactured without using parting film.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Towards multi-modal intention interfaces for human-robot co-manipulation (2016)

This paper presents a novel approach for human-robot cooperation in tasks with dynamic uncertainties. The essential element of the proposed method is a multi-modal interface that provides the robot with the feedback about the human motor behaviour in real-time. The human muscle activity measurements and the arm force manipulability properties encode the information about the motion and impedance, and the intended configuration of the task frame, respectively. Through this human-in-the-loop framework, the developed hybrid controller of the robot can adapt its actions to provide the desired motion and impedance regulation in different phases of the cooperative task. We experimentally evaluate the proposed approach in a two-person sawing task that requires an appropriate complementary behaviour from the two agents.
Short- and Long-Term Learning of Feedforward Control of a Myoelectric Prosthesis with Sensory Feedback by Amputees (2017)

Human motor control relies on a combination of feedback and feedforward strategies. The aim of this study was to longitudinally investigate artificial somatosensory feedback and feedforward control in the context of grasping with myoelectric prosthesis. Nine amputee subjects performed routine grasping trials, with the aim to produce four levels of force during four blocks of 60 trials across five days. The electrotactile force feedback was provided in the second and third block using multipad electrode and spatial coding. The first baseline and last validation block (open-loop control) evaluated the effects of long- (across sessions) and short-term (within session) learning, respectively. The outcome measures were the absolute error between the generated and target force, and the number of force saturations. The results demonstrated that the electrotactile feedback improved the performance both within and across sessions. In the validation block, the performance did not significantly decrease and the quality of open-loop control (baseline) improved across days, converging to the performance characterizing closed-loop control. This paper provides important insights into the feedback and feedforward processes in prosthesis control, contributing to the better understanding of the role and design of feedback in prosthetic systems.
Improved SRS design and channel estimation for LTE-advanced uplink (2013)

In 3GPP long term evolution (LTE) specification for uplink, single antenna for transmission is adopted due to its simplicity. However, when it evolves to LTE-A, more transmit antennas are needed for higher spectrum efficiency, which means more reference signals. In the physical uplink share channel (PUSCH) of LTE-A, the estimated channel based on sounding reference signal (SRS) is used for precoder and modulation and coding scheme (MCS) selection. In this paper, an improved SRS design is proposed, which achieves minimum interference between different reference signals. More importantly, it is perfectly backwards compatible with the SRS in LTE uplink. In addition, we propose an improved SRS channel estimation for multiple transmit antennas. Simulation results show that the proposed SRS design leads to less channel estimation error, and the proposed SRS channel estimation can reach similar accuracy to exponential power delay profile (PDP) channel estimation, while with much lower complexity.
Amorphous rare earth magnet powders (1996)

Gas atomization (GA) processing does not generally have a high enough cooling rate to produce the initial amorphous microstructure needed to obtain optimal magnetic properties in RE{sub 2}Fe{sub 14}B alloys. Phase separation and an underquenched microstructure result from detrimental {alpha}-Fe precipitation, and the resulting magnetic domain structure is very coarse. Additionally, there is a dramatic dependence of the magnetic properties on the cooling rate (and therefore the particle size) and the powders can be sensitive to environmental degradation. Alloy compositions designed just for GA (as opposed to melt spinning) are necessary to produce an amorphous structure that can be crystallized to result in a fine structure with magnetic properties which are independent of particle size. The addition of titanium and carbon to the melt has been found to change the solidification process sufficiently to result in an ``overquenched`` state in which most of the powder size fractions have an amorphous component. Crystallization with a brief heat treatment produces a structure which has improved magnetic properties, in part due to the ability to use compositions with higher Fe contents without {alpha}-Fe precipitation. Results from magnetometry, magnetic force microscopy, and x-ray analyses will be used to contrast the microstructure, domain structure, and magnetic properties of this new generation of amorphous powders with their multiphase predecessors.
The (1|1)-Centroid Problem on the Plane Concerning Distance Constraints (2016)

In 1982, Drezner proposed the (1|1)-centroid problem on the plane, in which two players, called the leader and the follower, open facilities to provide service to customers in a competitive manner. The leader opens the first facility, and then the follower opens the second. Each customer will patronize the facility closest to him (ties broken in favor of the leader's one), thereby decides the market share of the two players. The goal is to find the best position for the leader’s facility so that his market share is maximized. The best algorithm for this problem is an O(n^2 log n)-time parametric search approach, which searches over the space of possible market share values. In the same paper, Drezner also proposed a general version of (1|1)-centroid problem by introducing a minimal distance constraint R, such that the follower's facility is not allowed to be located within a distance R from the leader's. He proposed an O(n^5 log n)-time algorithm for this general version by identifying O(n^4) points as the candidates of the optimal solution and checking the market share for each of them. In this paper, we develop a new parametric search approach searching over the O(n^4) candidate points, and present an O(n^2 log n)-time algorithm for the general version, thereby closing the O(n^3) gap between the two bounds.
Dielectric-relaxation study of alkylcyanobiphenyl liquid crystals using time-domain spectroscopy (1987)

Time-domain spectroscopy is used to study the complex permittivity of two types of liquid crystals: heptylcyanobiphenyl (7CB) and octylcyanobiphenyl (8CB). The variation of the dominant relaxation frequency values of both 7CB and 8CB as a function of temperature are very similar, showing no influence of the smectic structure in 8CB. The experimental relaxation measurements in the nematic phase agree qualitatively with the existing theory.
Macrophage and granulosa interleukin-1β mRNA in human ovulatory follicles (1995)

Interleukin-1 beta (IL-1 beta) may be active in the ovary at ovulation and may be produced by immune and non-immune cells. This study evaluates the production of IL-1 beta by granulosa cells and macrophages from the human ovulatory follicle. The concentrations of IL-1 beta and IL-1 beta mRNA were measured in follicular aspirates taken from patients undergoing in-vitro fertilization and in cultures of cells from aspirates. Macrophages were detected by immunocytochemistry and by the reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). The macrophages were removed from granulosa cell preparations immediately or after the cells have been cultured for 24 h. IL-1 beta was detected by radioimmunoassay and transcripts were detected by RT-PCR and by in-situ hybridization on cytospun preparations using a [35S]IL-1 beta riboprobe. IL-1 beta and IL-1 beta mRNA were found in follicular aspirates, in granulosa luteal cell preparations containing macrophages and in highly purified granulosa cell preparations after removal of macrophages by all the methods used. Both macrophages and granulosa cells contained high concentrations of IL-1 beta transcripts. Moreover, the number of IL-1 beta reactive cells in granulosa cell preparations cultured for 24 h with 10-15% macrophages before removal was twice that of granulosa cells cultured without macrophages. Thus, both granulosa cells and macrophages are actively involved in the ovarian production of IL-1 beta at ovulation and the ability of granulosa cells to produce IL-1 beta may require ovarian macrophages.
XML-based programming language modeling: An approach to software engineering. (2004)

Today’s software faces escalating technical and business difficulties, yet it continues to be coded in static, inflexible structures that are not prepared for automation and agility. xApproach is an XML-based approach to software engineering that leverages XML-based language representations and pipeline transformations to provide a consistent and flexible solution for number of issues, including complexity, comprehension, and automation aspects. A core framework (FXLF) in combination with the editor (FXLE) supports role-based activities while removing the burden of programming in XML. Usage scenarios evaluated include customization, separation of concerns, domain-oriented languages, and technology mapping, with results showing a range of benefits, applicability, and prospects.
A lethal role for lipid A in <i>Salmonella</i> infections (1998)

Salmonella infections in naturally susceptible mice grow rapidly, with death occurring only after bacterial numbers in vivo have reached a high threshold level, commonly called the lethal load. Despite much speculation, no direct evidence has been available to substantiate a role for any candidate bacterial components in causing death. One of the most likely candidates for the lethal toxin in salmonellosis is endotoxin, specifically the lipid A domain of the lipopolysaccharide (LPS) molecule. Consequently, we have constructed a Salmonella mutant with a deletion-insertion in its waaN gene, which encodes the enzyme that catalyses one of the two secondary acylation reactions that complete lipid A biosynthesis. The mutant biosynthesizes a lipid A molecule lacking a single fatty acyl chain and is consequently less able to induce cytokine and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) responses both in vivo and in vitro. The mutant bacteria appear healthy, are not sensitive to increased growth temperature and synthesize a full-length O-antigen-containing LPS molecule lacking only the expected secondary acyl chain. On intravenous inoculation into susceptible BALB/c mice, wild-type salmonellae grew at the expected rate of approximately 10-fold per day in livers and spleens and caused the death of the infected mice when lethal loads of approximately 10(8) were attained in these organs. Somewhat unexpectedly, waaN mutant bacteria grew at exactly the same rate as wild-type bacteria in BALB/c mice but, when counts reached 10(8) per organ, mice infected with mutant bacteria survived. Bacterial growth continued until unprecedentedly high counts of 10(9) per organ were attained, when approximately 10% of the mice died. Most of the animals carrying these high bacterial loads survived, and the bacteria were slowly cleared from the organs. These experiments provide the first direct evidence that death in a mouse typhoid infection is directly dependent on the toxicity of lipid A and suggest that this may be mediated via pro-inflammatory cytokine and/or iNOS responses.
Retinal proliferation in response to vitreous hemoglobin or iron. (1981)

To examine the effects of blood components within the vitreous on proliferation by cells in the retina, homologous hemoglobin or FeSO4 was injected into the rabbit vitreous. Cells undergoing DNA synthesis were labeled by 3H-thymidine injected into the vitreous or into the circulation. Both hemoglobin and FeSO4 stimulate proliferation in cells throughout the retina. There are two periods of increased retinal labeling. The first occurs 3 to 4 days after first contact with the introduced agents, and the second occurs after 2 to 4 weeks. Analysis of movement of cells after hemoglobin injection suggests that many labeled cells seen in the retina in the early period of labeling migrate from the outer layers toward the vitreous. Other data indicate that many of these cells are of hematogenous origin. Labeled cells also enter the vitreous from the region of the ciliary processes at this time. During the second period of retinal labeling, many proliferating cells may pass in the opposite direction through the retina toward the choroid. The accumulated data imply that the rabbit retina does not act as barrier to transmigrating cells after vitreous injury. Intravitreal hemoglobin also promotes cell multiplication in cells of the pigmented epithelium and possibly in some populations of retinal glial cells. Since these cells have been identified within the vitreous in some pathologic conditions, their suggested ability to respond by proliferation to a hemoglobin stimulus implies that vitreous hemorrhage may aggravate these pathologies in part by promoting multiplication of invasive cells.
Application of seismic methods in pavement design and analysis (1988)

PreviousNext No AccessSEG Technical Program Expanded Abstracts 1988Application of seismic methods in pavement design and analysisAuthors: Soheil NazarianKenneth H. StokoeSoheil NazarianUniversity of Texas at El Paso and Kenneth H. StokoeUniversity of Texas at Austinhttps://doi.org/10.1190/1.1892226 SectionsAboutPDF/ePub ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinked InRedditEmail Permalink: https://doi.org/10.1190/1.1892226FiguresReferencesRelatedDetailsCited byEstimating seismic velocities below the sea-bed using surface waves1 August 2004 | Near Surface Geophysics, Vol. 2, No. 4 SEG Technical Program Expanded Abstracts 1988ISSN (print):1052-3812 ISSN (online):1949-4645Copyright: 1988 Pages: 1359 publication data© 1988 Copyright © 1988 Society of Exploration GeophysicistsPublisher:Society of Exploration Geophysicists HistoryPublished Online: 10 Feb 2005 CITATION INFORMATION Soheil Nazarian and Kenneth H. Stokoe, II, (1988), "Application of seismic methods in pavement design and analysis," SEG Technical Program Expanded Abstracts : 283-285. https://doi.org/10.1190/1.1892226 Plain-Language Summary PDF DownloadLoading ...