gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Fab on a Package: LTCC Microfluidic Devices Applied to Chemical Process Miniaturization (2018)

Microfluidics has brought diverse advantages to chemical processes, allowing higher control of reactions and economy of reagents and energy. Low temperature co-fired ceramics (LTCC) have additional advantages as material for fabrication of microfluidic devices, such as high compatibility with chemical reagents with typical average surface roughness of 0.3154 μm, easy scaling, and microfabrication. The conjugation of LTCC technology with microfluidics allows the development of micrometric-sized channels and reactors exploiting the advantages of fast and controlled mixing and heat transfer processes, essential for the synthesis and surface functionalization of nanoparticles. Since the chemical process area is evolving toward miniaturization and continuous flow processing, we verify that microfluidic devices based on LTCC technology have a relevant role in implementing several chemical processes. The present work reviews various LTCC microfluidic devices, developed in our laboratory, applied to chemical process miniaturization, with different geometries to implement processes such as ionic gelation, emulsification, nanoprecipitation, solvent extraction, nanoparticle synthesis and functionalization, and emulsion-diffusion/solvent extraction process. All fabricated microfluidics structures can operate in a flow range of mL/min, indicating that LTCC technology provides a means to enhance micro- and nanoparticle production yield.
Smith–Purcell oscillator in an exponential gain regime (1989)

A Smith–Purcell oscillator with a thick electron beam is analyzed in its exponential gain regime. A general expression is obtained for the dispersion relation of the oscillator, and the threshold current for self-sustained oscillations is found to be less than 1 A for radiation of 1-mm wavelength.
Hepatitis C virus persistence in human hematopoietic cells injected into SCID mice (1998)

The issue of infection of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) by the hepatitis C virus (HCV) has potentially important implications, but is still debated. We have used the severe combined immunodeficiency (SCID) mouse model to test for the persistence of HCV in PBMC. Hematopoietic cells isolated from 14 subjects infected by HCV were inoculated intraperitoneally into SCID mice. Serum and blood cell samples from these mice were obtained with a mean follow-up of 8 weeks. As controls, human fibroblasts and sheep PBMC, preincubated with a human HCV-positive serum, were inoculated concomitantly into mice and analyzed. HCV-RNA positive strands were detected in 7 of 26 serum samples and 8 of 26 cell fractions from SCID mice inoculated with HCV-positive PBMC, after 8 weeks of follow-up. In contrast, no HCV RNA was detectable in the 10 control mice. HCV-RNA negative strands were detected in only 2 of 10 tested samples from 2 mice, and both positive mice had been inoculated with PBMC from HCV-positive subjects with malignant hematopoietic syndrome. Our study offers strong evidence for the persistence of HCV infection in mononuclear cells. Our results are also consistent with a low rate of HCV multiplication. This SCID mouse model might therefore be useful in analyzing the mechanisms of HCV persistence in mononuclear cells.
Synthesis of novel psoralen analogues and their in vitro antitumor activity (2013)

New tetracyclic benzofurocoumarin (benzopsoralen) analogues were synthesized and their inhibitory effect on the growth of tumor cell lines was evaluated. The human tumor cell lines used were MDA MB231 (breast adenocarcinoma), HeLa (cervix adenocarcinoma) and TCC-SUP (bladder transitional cell carcinoma). The in vitro antitumor activity of the new benzopsoralens was discussed in terms of structure-activity relationship. Molecular docking studies with human-CYP2A6 enzymes were also carried out with the synthesized compounds in order to evaluate the potential of these compounds to interact with the heme group of the enzymes. The results have demonstrated that the linear compounds have the most pronounced activity against tumor cell lines and this might be related to the better accessibility that these compounds have to the active site in relation to the angular ones that have shown in the majority of the cases multiple binding poses in the active site of CYP2A6.
Ultra Low-Temperature Growth of High-Integrity Thin Gate Oxide Films by Low-Energy Ion-Assisted Oxidation (1995)

High integrity thin gate oxide films have been grown at a temperature as low as 450° C by direct oxidation of silicon. The bombardment of the silicon surface by low energy ions of argon and oxygen mixed plasma is utilized to activate the oxidation process. Dielectric breakdown field intensity of the oxide film of 12 MV/cm is obtained by the MOS capacitor evaluation. The precise control of the bombarding energy is essential in achieving the high-integrity thin gate oxide films.
Real-Time Seismic Warning with a Two-Station Subarray (2004)

One of the most basic problems in seismology is earthquake location. In particular, the ability to quickly locate a large, potentially devastating earthquake is of fundamental importance in a real-time warning system where speed is a key factor in determining the level of success of such systems. We have developed a simple method that uses only the two earliest P -wave arrival times in a seismic array. Assuming a simple velocity model, these arrivals are used to construct a hyperbolic curve on which the approximate epicenter of the earthquake is expected to lie. Epicentral location along this hyperbola is further constrained by using the fact that the P waves arriving at the other stations in the array are not first arrivals. When applied to P -wave seismic data from the Hector Mine earthquake in California and a smaller event in the central United States, model results show agreement with actual earthquake locations. Although there is an inherent uncertainty in the subarray method of locating large earthquakes, this may be an acceptable trade-off in an early warning system in view of the time (a few to tens of seconds) saved by not waiting for other P arrivals. Whereas the main goal of this report is to present the location method, we also show that the station closest to the Hector Mine earthquake had recorded about 0.3 and 1 mm of ground motion within 2 and 3 sec, respectively, of the arrival of the P waves, thus indicating that a large event had occurred.

Manuscript received 18 September 2003.
Fermentative and aerobic metabolism in Rhizobium etli (1995)

Strains of Rhizobium etli, Rhizobium meliloti, and Rhizobium tropici decreased their capacity to grow after successive subcultures in minimal medium, with a pattern characteristic for each species. During the growth of R. etli CE 3 in minimal medium (MM), a fermentation-like response was apparent: the O2 content was reduced and, simultaneously, organic acids and amino acids were excreted and poly-beta-hydroxybutyrate (PHB) was accumulated. Some of the organic acids excreted into the medium were tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle intermediates, and, concomitantly, the activities of several TCA cycle and auxiliary enzymes decreased substantially or became undetectable. Optimal and sustained growth and a low PHB content were found in R. etli CE 3 when it was grown in MM inoculated at a low cell density with O2 maintained at 20% or with the addition of supplements that have an effect on the supply of substrates for the TCA cycle. In the presence of supplements such as biotin or thiamine, no amino acids were excreted and the organic acids already excreted into the medium were later reutilized. Levels of enzyme activities in cells from supplemented cultures indicated that carbon flux through the TCA cycle was maintained, which did not happen in MM. It is proposed that the fermentative state in Rhizobium species is triggered by a cell density signal that results in the regulation of some of the enzymes responsible for the flux of carbon through the TCA cycle and that this in turn determines how much carbon is available for the synthesis and accumulation of PHB. The fermentative state of free-living Rhizobium species may be closely related to the metabolism that these bacteria express during symbiosis.
The use of lidar for change detection and updating of the CAMA database (2007)

A critical convergence of software, data, and data models is opening up a new frontier for computer-assisted mass appraisal (CAMA) management. This convergence will simplify CAMA updates, allow better integration with spatial data, automatically perform appraisal change detection, and allow for the creation of truly integrated management processes. A key to this convergence is the automated spatial registration of CAMA sketches with a new form of property imaging called lidar—light detection and ranging. Recent advances with lidar have led to new, powerful tools that accurately place the CAMA sketch in real-world space while simultaneously performing change detection.
Graves’ Disease: A Host Defense Mechanism Gone Awry (2000)

In this report we summarize evidence to support a model for the development of Graves' disease. The model suggests that Graves' disease is initiated by an insult to the thyrocyte in an individual with a normal immune system. The insult, infectious or otherwise, causes double strand DNA or RNA to enter the cytoplasm of the cell. This causes abnormal expression of major histocompatibility (MHC) class I as a dominant feature, but also aberrant expression of MHC class II, as well as changes in genes or gene products needed for the thyrocyte to become an antigen presenting cell (APC). These include increased expression of proteasome processing proteins (LMP2), transporters of antigen peptides (TAP), invariant chain (Ii), HLA-DM, and the co-stimulatory molecule, B7, as well as STAT and NF-kappaB activation. A critical factor in these changes is the loss of normal negative regulation of MHC class I, class II, and thyrotropin receptor (TSHR) gene expression, which is necessary to maintain self-tolerance during the normal changes in gene expression involved in hormonally-increased growth and function of the cell. Self-tolerance to the TSHR is maintained in normals because there is a population of CD8- cells which normally suppresses a population of CD4+ cells that can interact with the TSHR if thyrocytes become APCs. This is a host self-defense mechanism that we hypothesize leads to autoimmune disease in persons, for example, with a specific viral infection, a genetic predisposition, or even, possibly, a TSHR polymorphism. The model is suggested to be important to explain the development of other autoimmune diseases including systemic lupus or diabetes.
Luminescence-Based MicroRNA Detection Methods (2012)

MicroRNAs (miRNA) are short, 18-24 nucleotide long noncoding RNAs. These small RNAs, which are initially transcribed in the nucleus, are transported into the cell cytoplasm where they regulate protein translation either through direct cleavage of mRNA, or indirect inhibition through binding to mRNA and disrupting the protein translation machinery. Recently, miRNAs have gained much attention due to their implication in numerous diseases and cancers. It has been found that heightened or lowered levels of miRNA in diseased cells vs. healthy cells are linked to disease progression. It is therefore immensely important to be able to detect these small molecules. Current detection methods of Northern blotting, microarrays, and qRT-PCR suffer from drawbacks including low sensitivity, a lack of simplicity, being semi-quantitative in nature, time-consuming, and requiring expensive instruments. This work aims to develop novel miRNA technologies which will address these above problems. Bioluminescent labels are promising alternatives to current methods of miRNA detection. Bioluminescent labels are relatively small, similar in size to fluorescent proteins, and they emit very intense signals upon binding to their substrate. Bioluminescent labels are advantageous to fluorescent labels in that they do not require an external excitation source, rather, the excitation energy is supplied through a biochemical reaction. Therefore, background signal due to excitation is eliminated. They also have the advantage of being produced in large amounts through bacterial expression. Four miRNA detection methods are presented which utilize luminescence-based methods. Three employ Renilla luciferase, a bioluminescent protein, and one is based on fluorescence. The presented methods are capable of detecting miRNA from the picomole (nanomolar) level down to the femtomole (picomolar) level. These methods are rapid, sensitive, simple, and quantitative, can be employed in complex matrices, and do not require expensive instruments. All methods are hybridization-based and do not require amplification steps.
Comparing the Calibration and Coherence of Numerical and Verbal Probability Judgments (1993)

Despite the common reliance on numerical probability estimates in decision research and decision analysis, there is considerable interest in the use of verbal probability expressions to communicate opinion. A method is proposed for obtaining and quantitatively evaluating verbal judgments in which each analyst uses a limited vocabulary that he or she has individually selected and scaled. An experiment compared this method to standard numerical responding under three different payoff conditions. Response mode and payoff never interacted. Probability scores and their components were virtually identical for the two response modes and for all payoff groups. Also, judgments of complementary events were essentially additive under all conditions. The two response modes differed in that the central response category was used more frequently in the numerical than the verbal case, while overconfidence was greater verbally than numerically. Response distributions and degrees of overconfidence were also affected by payoffs. Practical and theoretical implications are discussed.
Effect of Polycondensation Catalyst on Fiber Structure Development in High-Speed Melt Spinning of Poly (Ethylene Terephthalate) (2019)

We conducted a preliminary study on fiber structural development in the high-speed melt spinning of environmentally friendly polyethylene terephthalate (Ti-PET) synthesized with 25 ppm of titanium-based catalyst, which was compared with conventional PET (Sb-PET) synthesized with 260 ppm of antimony-based catalyst. Gel permeation chromatography of Ti- and Sb-PET resins of intrinsic viscosity 0.63 confirmed that both resins have similar molecular weights and distributions. However, differential scanning calorimetry revealed that the Ti-PET resin exhibited a lower melt-crystallization peak and isothermal melt-crystallization rate than the Sb-PET resin. High-speed melt spinning of the Ti- and Sb-PET was possible up to a spinning velocity of 6 km/min. Two-dimensional wide-angle X-ray diffraction analyses showed that the molecular orientation of the obtained as-spun Ti- and Sb-PET fibers increased with spinning velocity, and a highly oriented, crystalline structure by orientation-induced crystallization started to appear from 5 km/min. Notably, Ti-PET fibers showed a lower degree of crystalline structural development and lower tensile strength compared with Sb-PET fibers under the high-speed spinning conditions. Our results suggest that the catalyst in PET resins can act as nucleating agents in thermal- and orientation-induced crystallization, and that differences in catalyst content can influence PET fiber structure development under extreme conditions in high-speed melt spinning.
Limits on preserving quantum coherence using multipulse control (2011)

We explore the physical limits of pulsed dynamical decoupling methods for decoherence control as determined by finite timing resources. By focusing on a decohering qubit controlled by arbitrary sequences of $\ensuremath{\pi}$ pulses, we establish a nonperturbative quantitative upper bound to the achievable coherence for specified maximum pulsing rate and noise spectral bandwidth. We introduce numerically optimized control ``bandwidth-adapted'' sequences that saturate the performance bound and show how they outperform existing sequences in a realistic excitonic-qubit system where timing constraints are significant. As a by-product, our analysis reinforces the impossibility of fault-tolerance accuracy thresholds for generic open quantum systems under purely reversible error control.
GraphOps (2016)

Analytics and knowledge extraction on graph data structures have become areas of great interest. For frequently executed algorithms, dedicated hardware accelerators are an energy-efficient avenue to high performance. Unfortunately, they are notoriously labor-intensive to design and verify while meeting stringent time-to-market goals.
The effect of Zn<sub>2</sub>TiO<sub>4</sub>on willemite crystalline glaze (2014)

아연결정유약에 Anatase 형 <TEX>$TiO_2$</TEX>에 의해 생성되는 <TEX>$Zn_2TiO_4$</TEX>가 효과적인 결정 생성제로 나타났다. 이에 저온에서 생성되는 <TEX>$Zn_2TiO_4$</TEX>를 인위적으로 합성하여 유약의 미치는 효과를 규명하였다. 첨가 <TEX>$Zn_2TiO_4$</TEX>는 저온에서 생성되는 결정으로 아연결정 W의 핵으로 작용하는 것으로 밝혀졌다. 합성된 <TEX>$Zn_2TiO_4$</TEX>를 유약에 5 wt% 첨가하면 유약 내에 결정생성이 증가하며 안정적으로 유지된다. 특히, <TEX>$Zn_2TiO_4$</TEX> 합성 시 발색제로 CoO, NiO, CuO를 각각 고용시켜 유약에 첨가하면 발색제의 고용효과가 커져 Willemite 결정의 다양한 발색에 큰 효과를 얻을 수 있다. <TEX>$Zn_2TiO_4$</TEX>, using an anatase form of <TEX>$TiO_2$</TEX> on zinc crystalline glaze, was shown as effective nuclear agent. Thus the effects on glaze were studied with synthesized <TEX>$Zn_2TiO_4$</TEX> at low temperature. First, the chromophore elements were employed in synthesized <TEX>$Zn_2TiO_4$</TEX> then add them in the zinc crystalline glaze. Crystal creation and development of color by <TEX>$Zn_2TiO_4$</TEX> addition on the zinc crystalline glaze were more effective. Addition of <TEX>$Zn_</TEX><TEX>2TiO_4$</TEX>, which is developed in low range temperature, is effected as zinc crystalline nuclear in the willemite glaze. When 5 wt% of synthesized <TEX>$Zn_2TiO_4$</TEX> was added to the willemite glaze, nuclear creation increases and steadily retains. Therefore addition of respectively doped <TEX>$Zn_2TiO_4$</TEX> with CoO, NiO, and CuO would increase doped effects in the glaze, various color willemite crystal were obtained.
Realizing cooperative object manipulation using multiple behaviour-based robots (2002)

This paper describes a robots system BeRoSH which incorporates a behaviour-based dynamic cooperation strategy for multiple behaviour-based robots. This behaviour-based dynamic cooperation strategy is realized in two steps: designing the distributed robot's cooperative behavioural attributes according to its abilities, and organizing these behavioural attributes. Through the behaviour design, this strategy allows the dynamic cooperation control to be distributed equally to each robot. In organizing the robots' abilities, the concept of form closure is introduced as the basic strategy. An experimental robot system and experimental results of object transportation and assembly work are also shown.
IP routing processing with graphic processors (2010)

Throughput and programmability have always been the central, but generally conflicting concerns for modern IP router designs. Current high performance routers depend on proprietary hardware solutions, which make it difficult to adapt to ever-changing network protocols. On the other hand, software routers offer the best flexibility and programmability, but could only achieve a throughput one order of magnitude lower. Modern GPUs are offering significant computing power, and its data-parallel computing model well matches the typical patterns of packet processing on routers. Accordingly, in this research we investigate the potential of CUDA-enabled GPUs for IP routing applications. As a first step toward exploring the architecture of a GPU based software router, we developed GPU solutions for a series of core IP routing applications such as IP routing table lookup and pattern match. For the deep packet inspection application, we implemented both a Bloom-filter based string matching algorithm and a finite automata based regular expression matching algorithm. A GPU based routing table lookup solution is also proposed in this work. Experimental results proved that GPU could accelerate the routing processing by one order of magnitude. Our work suggests that, with proper architectural modifications, GPU based software routers could deliver significant higher throughput than previous CPU based solutions.
Ultra-high density alignment of carbon nanotubes array by dielectrophoresis (2011)

We report ultra-high density assembly of aligned single walled carbon nanotubes (SWNTs) two dimensional arrays via ac dielectrophoresis using high quality surfactant free and stable SWNT solutions. After optimization of frequency and trapping time, we can reproducibly control the linear density of the SWNT between prefabricated electrodes from 0.5 SWNT/\mum to more than 30 SWNT /\mum by tuning the concentration of the nanotubes in the solution. Our maximum density of 30 SWNT/\mum is the highest for aligned arrays via any solution processing technique reported so far. Further increase of SWNT concentration results dense array with multiple layers. We discuss how the orientation and density of the nanotubes vary with concentrations and channel lengths. Electrical measurement data show that the densely packed aligned arrays have low sheet resistances. Selective removal of metallic SWNTs via controlled electrical breakdown produced field effect transistors (FET) with high current on-off ratio. Ultra-high density alignment reported here will have important implications in fabricating high quality devices for digital and analog electronics.
Late Simultaneous Metastasis of Renal Cell Carcinoma to the Submandibular and Thyroid Glands Seven Years after Radical Nephrectomy (2010)

Background. Renal cell carcinoma (RCC) metastasis to the salivary glands is extremely rare. Most cases reported previously have involved the parotid gland and only six cases involving the submandibular gland exist in the current literature. Metastasis of RCC to thyroid gland is also rare but appears to be more common than to salivary glands. Methods and Results. We present the first case of simultaneous metastasis to the submandibular and thyroid glands from clear cell RCC in a 61-year-old woman who presented seven years after the primary treatment. The submandibular and thyroid glands were excised completely with preservation of the marginal mandibular and recurrent laryngeal nerves, respectively. Conclusion. Metastatic disease should always be considered in the differential diagnosis for patients who present with painless salivary or thyroid gland swelling with a previous history of RCC. If metastatic disease is confined only to these glands, prompt surgical excision can be curative.