gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
<i>In vivo</i> administration of GM-CSF promotes the clearance of apoptotic cells: effects on monocytes and polymorphonuclear leukocytes (2000)

The clearance of apoptotic cells is crucial to avoid chronic inflammation and autoimmunity. Little is known about the factors that regulate it in vivo. We show that granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) administration to carcinoma patients confers to their leukocytes a significantly higher ability to phagocytose apoptotic cells than before (P < 0.005). GM-CSF increased the concentration of monocytes and polymorphonuclear leukocytes in the peripheral blood and activated circulating polymorphonuclear leukocytes. Both effects abated early after treatment, whereas phagocytosis of apoptotic cells was still significantly higher after 18 days compared with basal values (P < 0.005 and P < 0.025 for monocytes and polymorphonuclear leukocytes, respectively). On in vitro phagocytosis of apoptotic cells monocytes, but not polymorphonuclear leukocytes, up-regulated MHC class II membrane expression. These findings are consistent with the possibility that GM-CSF endows both scavenger and antigen-presenting leukocytes with the ability to internalize apoptotic tumor cells.
Variations and Distributions of O-Glycosidically Linked Sugar Chains in Bovine κ-Casein (1992)

The variation and distribution of O-glycosidically linked sugar chains in kappa-casein from bovine mature milk were analyzed by HPLC, fast atom bombardment mass spectrometry, and 13C nuclear magnetic resonance. A monosaccharide alditol (N-acetylgalactosaminitol) and four oligosaccharide alditols [a neutral disaccharide (galactosyl-beta 1-3N-acetylgalactosaminitol), two acidic trisaccharides (straight chain: N-acetylneuraminyl alpha 2-3galactosyl-beta 1-3N-acetylgalactosaminitol and branch chain: galactosyl beta 1-3(N-acetylneuraminyl alpha 2-6)N-acetylgalactosaminitol), and an acidic tetrasaccharide(N-acetylneuraminyl alpha 2-3galactosyl-beta 1-3(N-acetylgalactosaminyl alpha 2-6)N-acetylgalactosaminitol] were identified as sugar chains linking on normal bovine kappa-casein. The most dominant sugar chain was an acidic tetrasaccharide. The four oligosaccharide chains were identical to those already found, but N-acetylgalactosamine was a newly identified sugar chain linking on kappa-casein. The distribution of monosaccharide, disaccharide, trisaccharide (straight), trisaccharide (branched), and tetrasaccharide chains were determined by HPLC to be .8, 6.3, 18.4, 18.5, and 56.0%, respectively (means of five kappa-caseins).
Immune Derangement in Patients with Malignant Melanoma (1979)

The interaction between immune system and growing tumor can be expressed differently at different stages of the disease. This presentation covers three facets of these reactions in melanoma patients. A. The Primary Tumor. Time-lapse cinematography, with an analysis of lymphocyte movement demonstrated positive and negative chemotaxis against tumor tissues which correlated with their histological presence or absence within the primary tumor. B. The Regional Lymph Nodes. Histological examination of regional lymph nodes showed an increase in germinal center activity and B cell number, with a decrease in sinus histiocytosis and monocyte count as the tumor progressively invaded the node. This correlated with the elution studies, wherein the antimembrane antibody decreased and the anti-cytoplasmic antibody increased during the same period of progression. C. Humoral Immunity and Metastasis. Clinical metastasis heralded the decrease of anti-membrane antibodies with a rise in anti-immunoglobulins, especially anti-idiotypic antibodies and immune complexes containing tumor-directed antibody and either antigen or anti-immunoglobulin. This triad of anti-immunoglobulin, immune complexes and anergy as seen in other diseases with persistent antigenic stimulation, results in abnormal regulation and derangement.
An Evaluation of a Flight Deck Interval Management Algorithm including Delayed Target Trajectories (2014)

NASA's first Air Traffic Management (ATM) Technology Demonstration (ATD-1) was created to facilitate the transition of mature air traffic management technologies from the laboratory to operational use. The technologies selected for demonstration are the Traffic Management Advisor with Terminal Metering (TMA-TM), which provides precise timebased scheduling in the terminal airspace; Controller Managed Spacing (CMS), which provides controllers with decision support tools enabling precise schedule conformance; and Interval Management (IM), which consists of flight deck automation that enables aircraft to achieve or maintain precise in-trail spacing. During high demand operations, TMA-TM may produce a schedule and corresponding aircraft trajectories that include delay to ensure that a particular aircraft will be properly spaced from other aircraft at each schedule waypoint. These delayed trajectories are not communicated to the automation onboard the aircraft, forcing the IM aircraft to use the published speeds to estimate the target aircraft's estimated time of arrival. As a result, the aircraft performing IM operations may follow an aircraft whose TMA-TM generated trajectories have substantial speed deviations from the speeds expected by the spacing algorithm. Previous spacing algorithms were not designed to handle this magnitude of uncertainty. A simulation was conducted to examine a modified spacing algorithm with the ability to follow aircraft flying delayed trajectories. The simulation investigated the use of the new spacing algorithm with various delayed speed profiles and wind conditions, as well as several other variables designed to simulate real-life variability. The results and conclusions of this study indicate that the new spacing algorithm generally exhibits good performance; however, some types of target aircraft speed profiles can cause the spacing algorithm to command less than optimal speed control behavior.\n\n\n
Square ring laser diode with MMI coupler cavity (1997)

A square ring laser diode is designed and fabricated in which a multimode interference 3-dB coupler operates as an output coupler and a ring resonator simultaneously. This merged structure allows a shorter cavity length and a lower loss in the output branching. Lasing in the ring cavity is confirmed and the spectra are also measured.
Aqueous solution properties of ampholytic copolymers prepared in microemulsions (1993)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTAqueous solution properties of ampholytic copolymers prepared in microemulsionsJean Marc Corpart and Francoise CandauCite this: Macromolecules 1993, 26, 6, 1333–1343Publication Date (Print):March 1, 1993Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 March 1993https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ma00058a023https://doi.org/10.1021/ma00058a023research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views382Altmetric-Citations99LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
MORPHOLOGICAL PHYLOGENY OF ALPHEID SHRIMPS: PARALLEL PREADAPTATION AND THE ORIGIN OF A KEY MORPHOLOGICAL INNOVATION, THE SNAPPING CLAW (2006)

The Alpheidae-possibly the most diverse family of recent decapod crustaceans-offers attractive opportunities to study the evolution of many intriguing phenomena, including key morphological innovations like spectacular snapping claws, highly specialized body forms, facultative and obligate symbioses with many animal groups, and sophisticated behaviors like eusociality. However, studies of these remarkable adaptations remain hampered by insufficient phylogenetic information. We present the first phylogenetic hypothesis of relationships among 36 extant genera of alpheid shrimps, based on a cladistic analysis of 122 morphological characters from 56 species, and we use this hypothesis to explore evolutionary trends in morphology and species diversity. Our results strongly supported a monophyletic Alpheidae that included two hitherto difficult-to-place genera (Yagerocaris and Pterocaris). Of 35+ nodes among genera, all were supported by at least one morphological character (24 were supported by two or more) and 17 received greater than 50% jackknife support. Unfortunately, many basal nodes were only weakly supported. Six genera appeared nonmonophyletic, including the dominant genus Alpheus (paraphyletic due to inclusion of one clade with three minor genera). Evolutionary trends in alpheid claw form shed some revealing light on how key innovations evolve. First, several functionally significant features of the cheliped (claw bearing leg) evolved independently multiple times, including: asymmetry, folding, inverted orientation, sexual dimorphism, adhesive plaques that enhance claw cocking, and tooth-cavity systems on opposing claw fingers, a preadaptation for snapping. Many conspicuous features of alpheid claw form therefore appear prone to parallel evolution. Second, although tooth-cavity systems evolved multiple times, a functional snapping claw, which likely facilitated an explosive radiation of over 550 species, evolved only once (in Synalpheus + [Alpheus + satellite genera]). Third, adhesive plaques (claw cocking aids) also evolved multiple times, and within snapping alpheids are associated with the most diverse clade (Alpheus + derivative genera). This pattern of parallel preadaptation-multiple independent evolutionary origins of precursors (preadaptations) to what ultimately became a key innovation (adaptation)-suggests alpheid shrimp claws are predisposed to develop features like tooth-cavity and adhesive plaque systems for functional or developmental reasons. Such functional/developmental predisposition may facilitate the origin of key innovations. Finally, moderate orbital hoods-anterior projections of the carapace partly or completely covering the eyes-occur in many higher Alpheidae and likely evolved before snapping claws. They are unique among decapod crustaceans, and their elaboration in snapping alpheids suggests they may protect the eyes from the stress of explosive snaps. Thus one key innovation (orbital hoods) may have facilitated evolution of a second (snapping claws).
Tracking unobservable rotations by cue integration (2006)

Model based object tracking has earned significant importance in areas such as augmented reality, surveillance, visual servoing, robotic object manipulation and grasping. Although an active research area, there are still few systems that perform robustly in realistic settings. The key problems to robust and precise object tracking are outliers caused by occlusion, self-occlusion, cluttered background, and reflections. Two most common solutions to the above problems have been the use of robust estimators and the integration of visual cues. The tracking system considered in this paper achieves robustness by integrating model-based and model-free cues. As model-based cues, we consider a CAD model of the object known a priori and as model-free cues, automatically generated corner features are used. The main idea is to account for relative object motion between consecutive frames using integration of the two cues. The particular contribution of this work is the integration framework where not only polyhedral objects are considered. In particular, we deal with spherical, cylindrical and conical objects for which the complete pose cannot be estimate using only CAD like models. Using the integration with the model-free features, we show how a full pose estimate can be obtained. Experimental evaluation demonstrates robust system performance in realistic settings with highly textured objects
Variant-type PML-RARα fusion transcript in acute promyelocytic leukemia: Use of a cryptic coding sequence from intron 2 of the <i>RAR</i> α gene and identification of a new clinical subtype resistant to retinoic acid therapy (2002)

The physiologic actions of retinoic acids (RAs) are mediated through RA receptors (RARs) and retinoid X receptors (RXRs). The RAR(alpha) gene has drawn particular attention because it is the common target in all chromosomal translocations in acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL), a unique model in cancer research that responds to the effect of RA. In the great majority of patients with APL, RAR(alpha) is fused to the PML gene as a result of the t(15;17) translocation. Three distinct types of PML-RAR(alpha) transcripts, long (L), short (S), and variant (V), were identified. The V-type is characterized by truncation of exon 6 of PML and in some cases by the insertion of a variable "spacer" sequence between the truncated PML and RAR(alpha) mRNA fusion partners, although the precise mechanisms underlying formation of the V-type transcript remain unclear. To get further insights into the molecular basis of the t(15;17), we sequenced the entire genomic DNA region of RAR(alpha). Of note, all previously reported "spacer" sequences in V-type transcripts were found in intron 2 of the RAR(alpha) gene and most of these sequences were flanked by gt splice donor sites. In most cases, these "cryptic" coding sequences maintained the ORF of the chimeric transcript. Interestingly, two cases with a relatively long spacer sequence showed APL cellular and clinical resistance to RA treatment. In these cases, the aberrant V-type PML-RAR(alpha) protein displayed increased affinity to the nuclear corepressor protein SMRT, providing further evidence that RA exerts the therapeutic effect on APL through modulation of the RAR-corepressor interaction. Finally, among patients with the L- or S-type PML-RAR(alpha) fusion transcript, some consensus motifs were identified at the hotspots of the chromosome 17q breakpoints within intron 2 of RAR(alpha), strengthening the importance of this intron in the molecular pathogenesis of APL.
Holographic wavelength filters based on MEMPLEX(r) photopolymer (2003)

We present the design, development and characterization of volume holographic wavelength filters recorded in MEMPLEX - a new photoreactive polymer that has widespread applications in holographic technology. These holographic filters are characterized by their narrow wavelength and angular dephasing. MEMPLEX photopolymer exhibits complete lack of shrinkage during recording and post-processing, is completely self-supporting and can be fabricated to a size required by the application, has excellent optical quality, is resistant to most chemicals and has long shelf-life, it is therefore ideally suited for optical filter technology. We have recorded and characterized numerous holographic reflection volume gratings in 2 mm thick samples in order to examine the effect of writing geometry on wavelength and angle selectivity. The presented results show that efficient reflection gratings with more than 75% diffraction efficiency and linewidths of less than 0.2 nm can be recorded. Efficient wavelength filters can be used in many applications including telecom MUX/DMUX, LIDAR, spectroscopy, etc
Buffer gas experiments in mercury (Hg+) ion clock (2005)

We report measured buffer gas collision shifts of the 40.507347996xx GHz mercury ion clock transition using inert helium, neon, and argon gases and getterable molecular hydrogen and nitrogen gases. The frequency shift due to methane was also examined. At low partial pressures methane gas did not impact the trapped ion number but was observed to strongly relax the population difference in the two hyperfine clock states thereby reducing the clock resonance signal. A similar population relaxation was also observed for other molecular buffer gases (N/sub 2/, H/sub 2/) but at much reduced rate.
On the design of an FBMC based AIR interface enabling channel adaptive pulse shaping per sub-band (2015)

By application of pulse shaping, the FBMC (Filter Bank Multi Carrier) based offset-QAM-OFDM (OQAM-OFDM) modulation scheme offers a new degree of freedom in designing mobile communication systems. In this contribution we investigate the coexistence performance in terms of interference isolation of individually configured sub-bands, i.e. individual prototype filter functions (PFF) and/or subcarrier spacing per sub-band, in the context of multi-user or multi-service scenarios as envisaged for 5G. To that end, we analyze the synchronization requirements of different of PFF from literature suggested for OQAM-OFDM and determine the required amount of guard bands with respect to the applied PFFs and subcarrier spacing configurations. The simulation results prove that the required amount of guard bands for OQAM-OFDM systems is independent on the time offset between different users. As a rule of thumb we can state, that for a minimum co-user interference isolation of 20 dB a bandwidth of one subcarrier spacings of the user with the largest subcarrier spacing has to be used as in-band guard bands.
Estimation of optimal modeling weights for a Bayesian-based closed-loop system for propofol administration using the bispectral index as a controlled variable (2007)

BACKGROUND: Implementing Bayesian methods in a model-based closed-loop system requires the integration of a standard response model with a patient-specific response model. This process makes use of specific modeling weights, called Bayesian variances, which determine how the specific model can deviate from the standard model. In this study we applied simulations to select the Bayesian variances yielding the optimal controller for a Bayesian-based closed-loop system for propofol administration using the Bispectral Index (BIS) as a controlled variable. METHODS: The relevant Bayesian variances determining the modeling process were identified. Each set of such Bayesian variances represents a potential controller. The set, which will result in optimal control, was estimated using calculations on a simulated population. We selected 625 candidate sets. Similar to our previous closed-loop performance study, we applied a simulation protocol to evaluate controller performance. Our population consisted of 416 virtual patients, generated using population characteristics from previous work. A BIS offset trajectory similar to a surgical case was used. RESULTS: We were able to develop, describe, and optimize the parameter setting for a patient-individualized model-based closed-loop controller using Bayesian optimization. Selection of the optimal set yields a controller performing with the following median absolute prediction errors at BIS targets 30, 50, and 70: 12.9 +/- 2.87, 7.59 +/- 0.74, and 5.76 +/- 1.03 respectively. CONCLUSIONS: We believe this system can be introduced safely into clinical testing for both induction and maintenance of anesthesia under direct observation of an anesthesiologist.
Direct synthesis of amine-functionalized MIL-101(Cr) nanoparticles and application for CO2 capture (2012)

A pure amine-functionalized MIL-101(Cr) has been synthesized for the first time by a simple method. The as-prepared nanoparticles are around 50 nm. In addition, the resulting amine-functionalized MIL-101(Cr) displayed excellent CO2 adsorption capacity, up to 15 mmol g−1 at 16 °C.
STRUCTURED INFORMATION PROCESSING FOR SELF-OPTIMIZING MECHATRONIC SYSTEMS (2004)

Self-optimizing mechatronic systems are based on intrinsic controller systems whose complexity by far exceeds that of currently available systems. In addition to procedures taken from artificial intelligence, procedures for a reconfiguration by means of appropriate design methods have to be integrated to fully implement self-optimization features. Special importance falls to a networking of such complex controller systems for the support of collaborative and emergent self-optimization. One main challenge lies in the safety-critical nature of the systems that requires the resulting software along with the technical system to show a predictably correct behavior in spite of networking, reconfiguration, and integration of procedures from artificial intelligence. The paper presents a concept for structuring and designing reconfigurable controller systems.
Combating Intracellular Pathogens with Repurposed Host-Targeted Drugs (2018)

There is a large, global unmet need for the development of countermeasures to combat intracellular pathogens. The development of novel antimicrobials is expensive and slow and typically focuses on selective inhibition of proteins encoded by a single pathogen, thereby providing a narrow spectrum of coverage. The repurposing of approved drugs targeting host functions required for microbial infections represents a promising alternative. This review summarizes progress and challenges in the repurposing of approved drugs as host-targeted broad-spectrum agents for the treatment of intracellular pathogens. These strategies include targeting both cellular factors required for infection by various viruses, intracellular bacteria, and/or protozoa as well as factors that modulate the host immune response to these microbial infections. The repurposed approach offers complementary means to develop therapeutics against existing and emerging intracellular microbial threats.
Gross, Histological, and Microvascular Anatomy and Biomechanical Testing of the Spring Ligament Complex (1996)

In recent years there has been an increased interest in the treatment of acquired pes planus. The breakdown of the medial longitudinal arch is most often seen at the talonaviculocalcaneal articulation. This suggests a relationship between the ligamentous complex at this articulation and acquired pes planus. This study was undertaken to gain a better understanding of the gross, histologic, and microvascular anatomy, as well as the biomechanics of the ligamentous structures surrounding the talonaviculocalcaneal articulation. Cadaver dissections of 38 fresh-frozen feet were performed. Detailed descriptions of the gross anatomy of the superomedial calcaneonavicular ligament, inferior calcaneonavicular ligament, and the superficial deltoid ligament were recorded. Their relationships to the posterior tibialis tendon and to the bones of the talonaviculocalcaneal articulation are described. The histology and microvascularity of these structures were also studied. Preliminary biomechanical testing was performed. It was found there are two definitive anatomic structures that are commonly called the spring ligament: the superomedial calcaneonavicular ligament (SMCN) and the inferior calcaneonavicular ligament (ICN). The SMCN ligament was found to have histologic properties that suggest significant load bearing. The histology of the ICN ligament suggests a pure tensile load function. The deltoid ligament and the posterior tibialis tendon had direct attachments to the SMCN ligament in all specimens. An articular facet composed of fibrocartilage was found in each SMCN ligament specimen. The microvascular structures showed an avascular articular facet present in the ligament. The biomechanical testing showed that the SMCN ligament and ICN ligament had strength similar to ankle ligaments. This study suggests this "spring ligament complex" has more of a "sling" function for the talar head. It is hoped that the better understanding of this region will add to our understanding of the etiology of pes planus and possible treatment alternatives.