gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
New method for the selective labeling of erythrocytes in whole blood with Tc-99m (1984)

Method and kit are described for the preparation of /sup 99m/Tc labeled red blood cells using whole blood in a closed sterile system containing stannous tin in a form such that it will enter the red blood cells and be available therein for the reduction of technetium.
Compatible dual‐echo arteriovenography (CODEA) using an echo‐specific K‐space reordering scheme (2009)

An improved dual-echo sequence magnetic resonance (MR) imaging technique was developed to simultaneously acquire a time-of-flight MR angiogram (MRA) and a blood oxygenation level-dependent MR venogram (MRV) in a single MR acquisition at 3 T. MRA and MRV require conflicting scan conditions (e.g., excitation RF profile, flip angle, and spatial presaturation pulse) for their optimal image quality. This conflict was not well counterbalanced or reconciled in previous methods reported for simultaneous acquisition of MRA and MRV. In our dual-echo sequence method, an echo-specific K-space reordering scheme was used to uncouple the scan parameter requirements for MRA and MRV. The MRA and MRV vascular contrast was enhanced by maximally separating the K-space center regions acquired for the MRA and MRV, and by adjusting and applying scan parameters compatible between the MRA and MRV. As a preliminary result, we were able to acquire a simultaneous dual-echo MRA and MRV with image quality comparable to that of the conventional single-echo MRA and MRV that were acquired separately at two different sessions. Furthermore, integrated with tilted optimized nonsaturating excitation and multiple overlapping thin-slab acquisition techniques, our dual-echo MRA and MRV provided seamless vascular continuity over a large coverage volume of the brain anatomy.
SeLeCT: Self-Learning Classifier for Internet Traffic (2014)

Network visibility is a critical part of traffic engineering, network management, and security. The most popular current solutions - Deep Packet Inspection (DPI) and statistical classification, deeply rely on the availability of a training set. Besides the cumbersome need to regularly update the signatures, their visibility is limited to classes the classifier has been trained for. Unsupervised algorithms have been envisioned as a viable alternative to automatically identify classes of traffic. However, the accuracy achieved so far does not allow to use them for traffic classification in practical scenario. To address the above issues, we propose SeLeCT, a Self-Learning Classifier for Internet Traffic. It uses unsupervised algorithms along with an adaptive seeding approach to automatically let classes of traffic emerge, being identified and labeled. Unlike traditional classifiers, it requires neither a-priori knowledge of signatures nor a training set to extract the signatures. Instead, SeLeCT automatically groups flows into pure (or homogeneous) clusters using simple statistical features. SeLeCT simplifies label assignment (which is still based on some manual intervention) so that proper class labels can be easily discovered. Furthermore, SeLeCT uses an iterative seeding approach to boost its ability to cope with new protocols and applications. We evaluate the performance of SeLeCT using traffic traces collected in different years from various ISPs located in 3 different continents. Our experiments show that SeLeCT achieves excellent precision and recall, with overall accuracy close to 98%. Unlike state-of-art classifiers, the biggest advantage of SeLeCT is its ability to discover new protocols and applications in an almost automated fashion.
Comprehensive evaluation of the fabric crease recovery property by the whole recovery process (2020)

Current standard methods specify the recovery angle of a folded wrinkle in a controlled recovery period as the evaluation standard for the fabric crease recovery property. Nevertheless, there are limitations in the characterization of the whole recovery process by using the single recovery angle. We proposed a whole-process test method and comprehensive evaluation method for assessing the fabric crease recovery property. Firstly, a specimen was tested on the automatic fabric crease recovery testing device to obtain the “time-recovery angle” data. Then, the “time-average recovery angle” data was calculated by the recovery angle at the corresponding moment in the recovery period from repeated testing. The “time-average recovery angle” data was fitted into power function equation f( t) = at b . Parameter a reflects the degree of initial recovery. Parameter b reveals the speed degree at which the sample recovery reaches stable status. The K value, the ratio of a to b, could be calculated. Finally, the [Formula: see text] value, the average of the K values of four folded ways, was used to evaluate the crease recovery property of the fabric. The experimental results demonstrate that the [Formula: see text] values have positive correlation with the recovery angle of the fifth minute in the recovery period ( r = 0.92). In addition, for fabrics with the similar recovery angle results obtained from the wrinkle recovery angle evaluation method, the proposed method could differentiate the property of the fabrics. Therefore, the evaluation method can accurately reflect the initial resilience and comprehensive crease recovery property of textile materials.
A new topology for unipolar brushless DC motor drive with high power factor (2003)

A new converter topology is proposed for driving a permanent magnet brushless DC (BLDC) motor with unipolar currents. It is based on a front-end single-ended primary inductance converter (SEPIC) and a switch in series with each phase. All the switches are ground-referenced, which simplifies their gate drives. The available input voltage can be boosted for better current regulation, which is an advantage for low voltage applications. For operation with an AC supply, the SEPIC converter is designed to operate in the discontinuous conduction mode. In this operation mode, it approximates a voltage follower and the line current follows the line voltage waveform to a certain extent. The reduction in low-order harmonics and improved power factor is achieved without the use of any voltage or current sensors. The simplicity and reduced parts count of the proposed topology make it an attractive low-cost choice for many variable speed drive applications.
Imaging of superficial tissues with polarized light (2000)

Real contours of skin cancer are hard to detect by the human eye. A polarization camera is under development that uses the polarized light scattered by the first layers of the skin to create images that reveal these true borders. In this study, the transition of linearly polarized light into randomly polarized light during light propagation through tissues was measured and analyzed in terms of a diffusion process characterized by an angular diffusivity χ [radian2/mfp] describing the rate of randomization. The results are used to estimate the depth of imaging in skin expected for the polarization camera.
Diffusion of Dopants from Optical Coatings and Single Step Formation of Antireflective Coating and P‐N Junction in Photovoltaic Cells (1980)

The p‐n junction in a silicon chip and an antireflective (AR) oxide coating on the surface of the chip are formed simultaneously from a clear polymerized solution derived from alkoxides of titanium and a p or n dopant. The partially hydrolyzed and polymerized solution is applied to the surface of the silicon by liquid application methods. The silicon cell is then heated to convert the solution to a solid oxide coating which meets the antireflective optical film requirements and induces the migration of the dopants into the chip, forming a p‐n junction in the chip. Other expected advantages of this method are: attainment of very uniform dopant diffusion on unusually large samples and polycrystalline substrates; deep diffusion while avoiding excessive surface carrier concentration; and multi‐dopant diffusion in differential areas of a sample by a single heat‐treatment.
Genetic Characterization of 2 Novel Feline Caliciviruses Isolated from Cats with Idiopathic Lower Urinary Tract Disease (2002)

Abstract Feline caliciviruses (FCVs) are potential etiologic agents in feline idiopathic lower urinary tract disease (I-LUTD). By means of a modified virus isolation method, we examined urine obtained from 28 male and female cats with nonobstructive I-LUTD, 12 male cats with obstructive I-LUTD, and 18 clinically healthy male and female cats. All cats had been routinely vaccinated for FCV. Two FCVs were isolated; 1 (FCV-U1) from a female cat with nonobstructive I-LUTD, and another (FCV-U2) from a male cat with obstructive I-LUTD. To determine the genetic relationship of FCV-U1 and FCV-U2 to other FCVs, capsid protein gene RNA was reverse transcribed into cDNA, amplified, and sequenced. Multiple amino acid sequence alignments and phylogenetic trees were constructed for the entire capsid protein, hypervariable region E, and the more conserved (nonhypervariable) regions A, B, D, and F. When compared to 23 other FCV isolates with known biotypes, the overall amino acid sequence identity of the capsid protein of FCV-U1 and FCV-U2 ranged from 83 to 96%; identity of hypervariable regions C and E ranged from 58 to 85%. Phylogenetically, FCV-U1 clearly separated from other FCV strains in phenograms based on nonhypervariable regions. In contrast, FCV-U2 consistently segregated with the Urbana strain in all phenograms. Clustering of isolates by geographic origin was most apparent in phenograms based on nonhypervariable regions. No clustering of isolates by biotype was apparent in any phenograms. Our results indicate that FCV-U1 and FCV-U2 are genetically distinct from other known vaccine and field strains of FCV.
Light pipe for high intensity laser pulses (1993)

Optical guiding of intense laser pulses over a distance of more than 20 Rayleigh lengths in a plasma is demonstrated using a two-pulse technique. The first pulse prepares a shock-driven, axially extended radial electron density profile which guides a second pulse, injected after an optimum delay which increases with mass of the plasma ions. In the intensity range considered here (${10}^{3}$--${10}^{14}$ W/${\mathrm{cm}}^{2}$), the channel is observed to support mode structure reminiscent of an optical waveguide.
Braids and fibers: Language constructs with architectural support for adaptive responses to memory latencies (2006)

As processor speeds continue to increase at a much higher rate than memory speeds, memory latencies may soon approach a thousand processor cycles. As a result, the flat memory model that was made practical by deeply pipelined superscalar processors with multilevel caches will no longer be tenable. The most common approach to this problem is multithreading; however, multithreading requires either abundant independent applications or well-parallelized monolithic applications, and neither is easy to come by. We present high-level programming constructs called braids and fibers. The programming constructs facilitate the creation of programs that are partially ordered, in which the partial orders can be used to support adaptive responses to memory access latencies. Braiding is simpler than parallelizing, while yielding many of the same benefits. We show how the programming constructs can be effectively supported with simple instruction set architecture extensions and microarchitectural enhancements. We have developed braided versions of a number of important algorithms. The braided code is easy to understand at the source level and can be translated into highly efficient instructions using our architecture extensions.
Cyclopenta[<i>d</i>]pyrimidines and Dihydropyrrolo[2,3‐<i>d</i>]pyrimidines as Potent and Selective Corticotropin‐Releasing Factor 1 Receptor Antagonists (2007)

Two new classes of potent and selective CRF(1) receptor antagonists are presented. Exploration of general templates 3 and 4 through modifications of the top amine and bottom phenyl substituents led to optimization of the in vitro affinity and pharmacokinetic profiles. The typical alkyl chains present in the top region of CRF(1) antagonists were replaced by substituted heteroaryl moieties, leading to a dramatic improvement of the metabolic stability. This improvement was apparent when the compounds were dosed in vivo: several compounds exhibited low plasma clearance, good oral bioavailability, and high brain penetration. As a consequence of their outstanding pharmacokinetic profiles, these CRF(1) antagonists, as exemplified by compound 4 fi (4-(4-bromo-3-methyl-1H-pyrazol-1-yl)-7-(2,4-dichlorophenyl)-2-methyl-6,7-dihydro-5H-pyrrolo[2,3-d]pyrimidine), produced a dose-dependent "anxiolytic-like" effect when administered orally, decreasing the vocalization of rat pups.
Thin, soft, <scp>garment‐integrated</scp> triboelectric nanogenerators for energy harvesting and human machine interfaces (2021)

Abstract The applications of triboelectric nanogenerators (TENGs) in wearable electronics for energy harvesting and motion sensing have raised extensive attentions, since TENGs enable to convert body motions induced mechanical energy into electrical signals. The development of thin, soft, and garment‐integrated TENGs would be an important solution for the power management in wearable electronics as well as self‐powered sensors. Here, we report materials, device designs, processing routes for garment‐integrated TENGs (G‐TENGs) and demonstrations of the G‐TENGs in wearable energy harvesting and human‐machine interfaces. The G‐TENGs adopt a simple layout with two soft silicone layers and one graphene‐coated fabric layer, exhibiting great flexibility, air‐permeability, and robust durability. Furthermore, the G‐TENGs present outstanding electrical characteristics with open‐circuit voltage and short‐current outputs as great as 213.75 V and 3.11 μA, under a constant frequency and stress of 3 Hz and 5.6 kPa, respectively. The excellent mechanical properties of the G‐TENGs allow them tolerating toward over 1000 cycles of bending, stretching and twisting, and maintaining unchanged electrical outputs after these deformations. The stable electrical outputs and the excellent mechanical performance of the G‐TENGs provide a high potential in self‐powered sensors, energy harvesting, human‐machine interfaces and many others. image
Open-Circuit Fault-Tolerant Control Strategy of Five-Leg Drive in Active Magnetic Bearing (2023)

Active Magnetic Bearing (AMB) is widely used in high-speed rotating machinery, which has high requirements for safety and reliability. Power electronic drive working with high voltage/current stress in switching mode is one of the most vulnerable parts of the AMB system. This article proposed a strategy that can achieve the open-circuit fault tolerance for AMB drive, including fault detection, fault location and fault tolerant mode switching for a novel five-leg drive. This strategy ensures that the magnetic bearing rotor maintains stable suspension when failure happens, making the whole system without stopping operation. Firstly, the control method of the five-leg drive and the fault-tolerant mode are proposed. The nature of AMB force makes the reversed current suspension to be possible in backup mode. Then, the failure characteristics are analyzed to develop fault detection strategies. Once the device's open circuit fault happens, the controller will quickly detect the failure and switch the AMB to backup mode. Results of simulation and experiments show the effectiveness of fault tolerance by the proposed fault-tolerant strategy.
Liquid crystal rear projection display for Hi‐vision (1991)

Abstract There is an increasing demand for development of a display for large‐screen Hi‐Vision pictures that is compact and has a lightweight design, high resolution, and high picture quality; this is a Hi‐Vision display that may be enjoyed in the home. To create a Hi‐Vision display suited for household use, a reflective‐type TFT liquid crystal panel was developed having 1,360,000 pixels in a 2.3‐inch screen, a compact optical system using three liquid crystal panels, three projection lenses, and a circuit system for wideband video signals. A prototype of the liquid crystal rear projection display also was manufactured. This prototype has a 40‐inch large screen, yet it is compact and lightweight, measuring only 45 cm in depth and 85 cm in height, and weighing a scant 50 kg. In addition, it possesses high resolution, applicable to the Hi‐Vision system. In this experiment, the liquid crystal projection display was established to be the most hopeful candidate for the household Hi‐Vision display.
FOREIGN BODY DETECTION IN FOODS USING THE ULTRASOUND PULSE/ECHO METHOD (2004)

ABSTRACT A “Foreign Body” (FB) is any undesirable piece of solid matter (metal, glass, stone, plastic) present in a food product. It is naturally desirable by the food industry that all FBs are detected and removed before they reach the customer. A FB detector was developed based on the ultrasound pulse/echo method. Unlike the time‐gating for flaw detection by nondestructive testing (NDT), a FB is detected by examining the amplitude ratios between the echoes from the container's outer and inner surfaces. Experimental results are presented to demonstrate the ability of the proposed system to detect glass pieces in packed beverages and other foods.
Determination of heparin-induced thrombocytopenia: A rapid flow cytometric assay for direct demonstration of antibody-mediated platelet activation (1999)

Heparin-induced thrombocytopenia (HIT) and thrombosis are serious complications of heparin therapy. Recently, we have reported a practical and rapid functional flow cytometric assay (FCA) for the diagnosis of HIT with high specificity and sensitivity compared with the radioactive serotonin-release assay (SRA). In the present study, we added an immune-neutralization assay to directly demonstrate the antibody-mediated process, and tested the immune compatibility of low-molecular-weight heparin (LMWH) Lovenox and the heparinoid Orgaran (danaproid) using plasma from 18 patients with HIT confirmed by both FCA and SRA. The clinical utility of this modified method is demonstrated by a pediatric patient with a complex clinical presentation who developed thrombocytopenia with multiple thromboses while on heparin therapy. ELISA and SRA (performed in three independent laboratories) for diagnosis of HIT were both negative. In contrast, the FCA for detecting activated platelets expressing anionic phospholipids, was highly and reproducibly positive with both unfractionated and LMWH. Another FCA also demonstrated the surface expression of the alpha-granule membrane p-selectin (CD62p). Compatibility testing with the heparinoid Orgaran was also positive (and with plasma from 4 of the 18 patients with HIT). Heparin was discontinued, along with full recovery of the platelet count. The capacity of the patient's plasma to activate platelets in the presence of heparin gradually decreased over 4 weeks consistent with antibody clearance. The responsible mechanism was clarified using an immune-neutralization assay, which showed a dose response neutralization of the plasma activity by antibodies against human Immunoglobulin G (IgG) and IgM. This assay was also reproducible in the 18 patients with HIT. We conclude that the functional FCA with its modification is practical, sensitive, and specific for reliable diagnosis of HIT. It can simultaneously assess the compatibility of alternative therapies and directly confirm the antibody-mediated process. Further, it is particularly useful to clarify mechanisms of thrombocytopenia and thrombosis and to direct therapy in patients with a complex presentation and confounding laboratory results who often need prompt diagnosis and treatment.
Gene expression profiling to distinguish head and neck squamous cell carcinoma metastases from primary lung squamous cell carcinoma (2004)

Singhal, Sunil MD; Vachani, Anil MD; Kupferman, Michael MD; Powell, Charles MD, FACS; Gaffney, P. MD; Muschel, Ruth MD; Albelda, Steve MD; Kaiser, Larry MD, FACS Author Information
CCD-based temperature modulated fluorescence tomography (2019)

High scattering in biological tissues severely degrades the spatial resolution of optical fluorescence imaging in thick tissue. As one of the most sensitive in vivo molecular imaging modalities, Fluorescence Tomography plays an essential role in preclinical studies. To overcome the limitations of FT, we introduced a novel method termed, temperature modulated fluorescence tomography (TMFT). TMFT is based on two key elements: 1) temperature sensitive fluorescent agent (ThermoDots) and 2) high intensity focused ultrasound (HIFU). TMFT localizes the position of the fluorescent ThermoDots by scanning a HIFU beam across the tissue while monitoring the variation in the measured fluorescence signals. Actually, a binary mask is built by monitoring the sudden jumps in the fluorescence signal corresponding to the HIFU scan over a position containing ThermoDots. This binary map is used as functional a priori during the FT image reconstruction process. TMFT not only allowed us to resolve ThermoDots with high spatial resolution (~1.3 mm), deep in tissue (~ 60 mm) but with high quantitative accuracy as well (< 3% error). In this paper, we present the latest prototype of TMFT. Here, the fluorescence signals are acquired using a CCD camera, which increases the sensitivity of the system compared to the previous fiber-based system.
Asynchronous Evolution of Deep Neural Network Architectures (2023)

Many evolutionary algorithms (EAs) take advantage of parallel evaluation of candidates. However, if evaluation times vary significantly, many worker nodes (i.e.,\ compute clients) are idle much of the time, waiting for the next generation to be created. Evolutionary neural architecture search (ENAS), a class of EAs that optimizes the architecture and hyperparameters of deep neural networks, is particularly vulnerable to this issue. This paper proposes a generic asynchronous evaluation strategy (AES) that is then adapted to work with ENAS. AES increases throughput by maintaining a queue of up to $K$ individuals ready to be sent to the workers for evaluation and proceeding to the next generation as soon as $M<
Ba(Zn <sub>1/3</sub> Ta <sub>2/3</sub> )O <sub>3</sub> Ceramics with Low Dielectric Loss at Microwave Frequencies (1983)

The dielectric properties at microwave frequencies of Ba(Zn 1/3 Ta 2/3 )O 3 ceramics prepared by sintering were investigated. These ceramics had lower density but higher loss quality than ceramics hot‐pressed at 1400°C. Loss quality was greatly improved by prolonged sintering. The Q of the ceramics measured by the dielectric resonator method was 14 000 at 12 GHz. The ceramics were investigated by X‐ray diffraction analysis. It was found that Q improvement corresponds with increased Zn and Ta ordered structures in the ceramics.