gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
On-chip training of memristor based deep neural networks (2017)

This paper presents on-chip training circuits for memristor based deep neural networks utilizing unsupervised and supervised learning methods. Memristor crossbar circuits allow neural algorithms to be implemented very efficiently, but could be prone to device variations and faults. On chip training circuits would allow the training algorithm to account for device variability and faults in these circuits. We have utilized autoencoders for layer-wise pre-training of the deep networks and utilized the back-propagation algorithm for supervised fine tuning. Our design utilizes two memristors per synapse for higher precision of weights. We have demonstrated successful training of memristor based deep networks for the MNIST digit classification and the KDD intrusion detection datasets.
The 24-hydroxylation of 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3. (1977)

The production of 1,24,25-trihydroxyvitamin D3 in vivo in vitamin D-deficient rats has been demonstrated from either 25-hydroxyvitamin D3 or 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3. The stereochemical configuration of the hydroxyl on the 24 position of 1,24,25-trihydroxyvitamin D3 has also been unambiguously established to be R. Nephrectomy failed to eliminate the conversion of 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 to the 1,24,25-trihydroxyvitamin D3, establishing that the 24-hydroxylase can be demonstrated in at least one organ in addition to kidney in contrast to the 1-hydroxylase. 1,24,25-Trihydroxyvitamin D3 can also be produced in vivo from 1alpha-hydroxyvitamin D3 or from 24-hydroxyvitamin D3, analogs of vitamin D3 which are not naturally occurring. Using chick kidney mitochondrial preparations it has been demonstrated that the 24-hydroxylase is able to utilize 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 as a substrate whereas it is unable to utilize 1alpha-hydroxyvitamin D3. In addition, the chicke kidney 1-hydroxylase is known to convert 24,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 to the 1,24,25-trihydroxyvitamin D3, but this hydroxylase is unable to act on the 24-hydroxyvitamin D3. These results demonstrate that the renal vitamin D hydroxylases require that a hydroxyl be on the 25 carbon of the vitamin D molecule before it can be 1- or 24-hydroxylated.
Environment-aware estimation of battery state-of-charge for mobile devices (2019)

Reliable operation of mobile devices, such as smartphones and tablets, has become essential for a great many users around the globe. Mobile devices, however, have been reported to suffer from frequent, unexpected shutoffs - e.g., shutting off even when their batteries were shown to have up to 60% remaining state-of-charge (SoC) - especially in cold environments. Their main cause is found to be the inability of commodity mobile devices to account for the strong dependency between battery SoC and the environment temperature. To remedy this problem, we design, implement, and evaluate EA-SoC, a real-time Environment-Aware battery SoC estimation service for mobile devices. EA-SoC estimates the battery SoC with a cyber-physical approach, based on (1) a thermal circuit model in the cyber space capturing the physical interactions among the battery discharge current, temperature, and the environment, and (2) an empirically validated data-driven (i.e., cyber) model for the physical relations between battery temperature and battery resistance. We have conducted 35 experimental case-studies with two Nexus 5X smartphones to evaluate EA-SoC. EA-SoC is shown to report an average of 3% SoC when the phones shut off even in a -15°C environment, while that reported by the phones' built-in fuel-gauge chips could be over 90%.
An Injection-Molded Plastic Connector for Splicing Optical Cables (1976)

An injection-molded plastic splice connector for splicing optical cables has been fabricated and evaluated. Five optical cables containing 90-µm od graded-index fibers with 55-µm core diameters were spliced, yielding an average splice loss of 0.20 dB for the 425 splice joints measured. Fifty percent of the losses measured were less than 0.1 dB and 95 percent of the splice joints had losses less than 0.8 dB. Assembly methods for splicing optical cables using this connector and a multiribbon optical-fiber cutting tool capable of cutting 144 fibers simultaneously are also described.
Modified Coprecipitation Synthesis of Mesostructure-Controlled Li-Rich Layered Oxides for Minimizing Voltage Degradation (2018)

Modified carbonate coprecipitation synthesis without addition of chelating agent is introduced to obtain mesostructure-controlled Li-rich layered oxides. The designed mesostructure for target material Li1.2Ni0.2Mn0.6O2 has uniformly dispersed spherical secondary particles with size around 3 μm. These micrometer-sized particles consist of self-assembled crystallites with size of ∼150 nm. This unique design not only decreases the surface area compared with the sample with dispersive particles, but also increases overall structural mechanical stability compared with the sample with larger dense secondary particles as observed by transmission X-ray microscope. As a result, the voltage decay and capacity loss during long-term cycling have been minimized to a large extent. Our findings clearly demonstrate that mesostructure design of Li-rich layered oxides play a key role in optimizing this class of cathode materials. Surprisingly, the voltage fading issue can be partially mitigated by such an approach.
Lacticaseibacillus paracasei AO356 ameliorates obesity by regulating adipogenesis and thermogenesis in C57BL/6J male mice (2023)

Obesity is a metabolic disease caused by the excessive fat accumulation and is a global health problem that affects more than one-third of the population. Probiotics are considered an effective alternate treatment for preventing obesity as FDA-approved anti-obesity drugs are associated with side effects, such as depression, diarrhea, and dyspepsia. Oral administration of Lacticaseibacillus paracasei AO356 (AO356) isolated from healthy female Koreans to high-fat diet-fed C57BL/6J male mice effectively ameliorated body weight gain, abnormal body composition, and obesity-induced hyperleptinemia and inflammation. This effect may be associated with the downregulation of adipogenesis transcription factor-and lipid metabolism related genes, such as Srebp1c, Pparγ, Fas, C/ebpα, and Fabp4 and upregulation of thermogenesis-related genes, such as Ucp1, Cpt1, Pgc1α, Cidea, and Prdm16 in epididymal and subcutaneous fat pads. In conclusion, our results show that AO356 prevents high-fat diet-induced obesity by regulating adipogenesis and thermogenesis.
Localization of the Mating Type Gene in <i>Agaricus bisporus</i> (1993)

The cultivated mushroom Agaricus bisporus is secondarily homothallic. Most basidia produce two basidiospores, each of which receives two of the four postmeiotic nuclei. Usually, the two packaged nuclei carry compatible mating types. Previous studies suggested that there may be only a single mating type locus in A. bisporus. In this study, we determined whether the mating type segregated as a single Mendelian determinant in a cross marked with 64 segregating molecular markers. To score mating types, each of the 52 homokaryotic offspring from this cross was paired with each of the two progenitor homokaryons. Compatible matings were identified by the formation of genetically stable heterokaryons which were verified by assay of restriction fragment length polymorphisms (RFLPs). Data for screening mycelial interactions on petri plates as well as fruit body formation were compared with the RFLP results. Mating types of 43 of the 52 homokaryotic offspring were determined on the basis of RFLP analysis. Our results indicate (i) there is a segregating mating type gene in A. bisporus, (ii) this mating type gene is on the largest linkage group (chromosome I), (iii) mycelial interactions on petri plates were associated with heterokaryon formation under selected conditions, (iv) fruit body formation was dependent upon the mating type gene, and (v) compatible mating types may not always be sufficient for fruiting.
Characterization of the Gene Cassette Required for Biosynthesis of the (α1→6)-Linked <i>N</i> -Acetyl- <scp>d</scp> -Mannosamine-1-Phosphate Capsule of Serogroup A <i>Neisseria meningitidis</i> (1998)

The (alpha1-->6)-linked N-acetyl-D-mannosamine-1-phosphate meningococcal capsule of serogroup A Neisseria meningitidis is biochemically distinct from the sialic acid-containing capsules produced by other disease-associated meningococcal serogroups (e.g., B, C, Y, and W-135). We defined the genetic cassette responsible for expression of the serogroup A capsule. The cassette comprised a 4,701-bp nucleotide sequence located between the outer membrane capsule transporter gene, ctrA, and galE, encoding the UDP-glucose-4-epimerase. Four open reading frames (ORFs) not found in the genomes of the other meningococcal serogroups were identified. The first serogroup A ORF was separated from ctrA by a 218-bp intergenic region. Reverse transcriptase (RT) PCR and primer extension studies of serogroup A mRNA showed that all four ORFs were cotranscribed in the opposite orientation to ctrA and that transcription of the ORFs was initiated from the intergenic region by a sigma-70-type promoter that overlapped the ctrA promoter. The first ORF exhibited 58% amino acid identity with the UDP-N-acetyl-D-glucosamine (UDP-GlcNAc) 2-epimerase of Escherichia coli, which is responsible for the conversion of UDP-GlcNAc into UDP-N-acetyl-D-mannosamine. Polar or nonpolar mutagenesis of each of the ORFs resulted in an abrogation of serogroup A capsule production as determined by colony immunoblots and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Replacement of the serogroup A biosynthetic gene cassette with a serogroup B cassette by transformation resulted in capsule switching from a serogroup A capsule to a serogroup B capsule. These data indicate that assembly of the serogroup A capsule likely begins with monomeric UDP-GlcNAc and requires proteins encoded by three other genes found in the serogroup A N. meningitidis-specific operon located between ctrA and galE.
Large Versus Small Unilamellar Vesicles Mediate Reverse Cholesterol Transport In Vivo Into Two Distinct Hepatic Metabolic Pools (1997)

Phospholipid liposomes are synthetic mediators of "reverse" cholesterol transport from peripheral tissue to liver in vivo and can shrink atherosclerotic lesions in animals. Hepatic disposal of this cholesterol, however, has not been examined. We compared hepatic effects of large (approximately equal to 120-nm) and small (approximately equal to 35-nm) unilamellar vesicles (LUVs and SUVs), both of which mediate reverse cholesterol transport in vivo but were previously shown to be targeted to different cell types within the liver. On days 1, 3, and 5, rabbits were intravenously injected with 300 mg phosphatidylcholine (LUVs or SUVs) per kilogram body weight or with the equivalent volume of saline. After each injection, LUV- and SUV-injected animals showed large increases in plasma concentrations of unesterified cholesterol, indicating mobilization of tissue stores. After hepatic uptake of this cholesterol, however, SUV-treated animals developed persistently elevated plasma LDL concentrations, which by day 6 had increased to more than four times the values in saline-treated controls. In contrast, LUV-treated animals showed normal LDL levels. By RNase protection assay, SUVs suppressed hepatic LDL receptor mRNA at day 6 (to 61 +/- 4% of control, mean +/- SEM), whereas LUVs caused a statistically insignificant stimulation. Hepatic HMG-CoA reductase message was also significantly suppressed with SUV, but not LUV treatment, and hepatic 7 alpha-hydroxylase message showed a similar trend. These data on hepatic mRNA levels indicate that SUVs, but not LUVs, substantially perturbed liver cholesterol homeostasis. We conclude that LUVs and SUVs mobilize peripheral tissue cholesterol and deliver it to the liver, but to distinct metabolic pools that exert different regulatory effects. The effects of one of these artificial particles, SUVs, suggest that reverse cholesterol transport may not always be benign. In contrast, LUVs may be a suitable therapeutic agent, because they mobilize peripheral cholesterol to the liver without suppressing hepatic LDL receptor mRNA and without provoking a subsequent rise in plasma LDL levels.
Recycling of Printed Wiring Boards with Mounted Electronic Components (1997)

Recycling technology for printed wiring boards (PWBs) with mounted electronic components was studied for the purpose of disassembling the boards, recovering useful materials, and reusing these materials. An automatic removal method was developed for the electronic components on the basis of a combination of heating to above the solder melting temperature and applying impacting the shearing forces. Most of the electronic components were recovered undamaged and the solder was able to be recovered as particles. The solder remaining on the board was recovered by abrading the board surface and by using a heating‐impacting process. After these processes, the resin board (a cured epoxy resin board reinforced with glass fibre)was pulverised and separated into a copper‐rich powder (copper: 82 Wt%) and a glass fibre and resin mixture powder (glass fibre‐resin powder) by gravimetric and electrostatic methods. The recovered electronic components, solder and copper‐rich powder were used as valuable metal resources for refining. Moreover, the recovered glass fibre‐resin powder was found to be a useful filler for plastic products such as epoxy resin and ABS (acrylonitrile/butadiene/styrene copolymer) resin.
Off-Flavor Precursors in Soy Protein Isolate and Novel Strategies for their Removal (2013)

Off-flavors remain a major hurdle in expanding the use of soy protein isolate (SPI) in mainstream food applications. The complexity in solving this problem arises from the presence of protein-bound precursors in SPI. Among the most predominant sources of off-flavors in SPI is the residual amount of phospholipids that contain polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs). Autoxidation of PUFAs generates several classes of volatile compounds that contribute to the beany, grassy, or green odor of SPI. In addition, several polyphenolic compounds, such as isoflavones, saponins, phenolic acids, etc., impart bitter and astringent tastes to SPI. Traditional methods for removing protein-bound precursors from SPI and their limitations are reviewed. The most notable trade-off of conventional methods is the loss of protein functionality to some degree. Therefore, pursuit of gentler treatments to overcome SPI off-flavor has been the focus of industry and academia alike. Novel approaches that employ β-cyclodextrin to remove both SPI-bound precursors and volatile compounds are described.
Treatment-independent miRNA signature in blood of wilms tumor patients (2012)

Our results provide evidence for a blood-born Wilms tumor miRNA signature largely independent of four weeks preoperative chemotherapy treatment.
Electronic and Ionic Conductivity of Poly(Thionaphthe-neindole) (1993)

Abstract Current vs. time and current vs. voltage characteristics of poly(thionaphtheneindole) (pTNI) and discharge current of a solid-state battery: Mg/p(TNI)/Au were investigated in different conditions of temperature and humidity. The experimental conditions affect strongly the mechanism of charge transport, which depends on the presence in the polymer material of an amount of water, which can be reversibly extracted from or adsorbed by the sample.
Sequence and Structure Dependence of the Hybridization-Triggered Reaction of Oligonucleotides Bearing Conjugated Cyclopropapyrroloindole (1997)

Oligodeoxyribonucleotides (ODNs) with conjugated reactive groups are potential sequence-specific gene inactivating agents. The antitumor antibiotic CC-1065 binds preferably in the minor groove of A-T-rich sites of double-stranded DNA, and the cyclopropapyrroloindole (CPI) subunit of the drug alkylates adenines at their N3 position. Pure enantiomeric (+)- and (−)-CPI and its N5-methyl homologue (MCPI) were synthesized and conjugated to an ODN. These conjugates were evaluated for their ability to alkylate a target containing a duplex region immediately adjacent to a single-stranded complementary binding region for the ODN conjugate. The conjugates demonstrated excellent stability in physiologic conditions and stereospecific, hybridization-triggered alkylation of the synthetic ODN targets. The dependence of the reaction rates on sequence of the duplex target region was in accord with the predicted minor groove binding of the conjugated CPI. The reactivity was highly dependent on the structure of the cross-linking group. Natural (+)-enantiomers alkylate 10−20 times faster than the corresponding (−)-enantiomers. Regiospecificity of the alkylation reaction is conferred by the length of the spacer arm. N5-Methylation of the CPI moiety suppresses the reactivity by a factor of 3−5. Addition of a 1,2-dihydro-3H-pyrrolo[3,2-e]indole-7-carboxylate (DPI) binding subunit of CC-1065 between CPI or MCPI residues and an ODN results in a significant enhancement of the reactivity which is especially pronounced for (−)-enantiomers. The main products of sequence-specific alkylation were determined for complexes with the most efficient reactions.
High-power continuous-wave quantum cascade lasers (1998)

High-power continuous-wave (CW) laser action is reported for a GaInAs-AlInAs quantum cascade structure operating in the mid-infrared (/spl lambda//spl sime/5 /spl mu/m). Gain optimization and reduced heating effects have been achieved by employing a modulation-doped funnel injector with a three-well vertical-transition active region and by adopting InP as the waveguide cladding material to improve thermal dissipation and lateral conductance. A CW optical power as high as 0.7 W per facet has been obtained at 20 K with a slope efficiency of 582 mW/A, which corresponds to a value of the differential quantum efficiency /spl eta//sub d/=4.78 much larger than unity, proving that each electron injected above threshold contributes to the optical field a number of photons equal to the number of periods in the structure. The lasers have been operated CW up to 110 K and more than 200 mW per facet have still been measured at liquid nitrogen temperature. The high overall performance of the lasers is also attested by the large "wall plug" efficiency, which, for the best device, has been computed to be more than 8.5% at 20 K. The spectral analysis has shown finally that the emission is single-mode for some devices up to more than 300 mW at low temperature.
Physical and mechanical properties of highly plasticized pectin/starch films (1994)

Abstract Blends of citrus pectin and high amylose starch plasticized with glycerine were investigated to determine the effect of compositional variables on film properties. Several films with representative compositions were made from sugar beet and almond pectin, and tested for comparison. The films were cast from water onto glass plates, dried, and removed. Mechanical analysis was done using a Rheometrics RSA II solids analyzer. Increasing the glycerine concentration led to decreases in static modulus, dynamic modulus, and tensile strength, but to increases in elongation. Increasing levels of starch in the blend lowered the effect of glycerine on mechanical properties. Oxygen permeability of the films was extremely low. Sugar‐beet pectin and almond pectin gave films with mechanical properties comparable to those made with citrus pectin. © 1994 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. This article is a US Government work and, as such, is in the public domain in the United States of America.
NEW LOW WATTAGE METAL HALIDE LAMP (1985)

A new, compact 100-W metal halide lamp is described. This technologically advanced lamp can be used where 200-, 300-, 500-W incandescent or 250-W self-ballasted mercury vapor lamps are used. It provides more light than a 300-W incandescent while drawing just 100 W of power. Moreover, the 100-W metal halide lamp offers excellent color with its warm light of 3200-K color temperature in a small source size with a medium screw base which allows compact, lightweight, and manageable luminaire design. Its color features make the lamp especially well suited for retail stores merchandising, lobbies, banks, walkways, airports, shopping malls, and post tops.
Hybrid compounds generated by the introduction of a nogalamycin-producing plasmid into Streptomyces argillaceus (2002)

The combination of genetic material from different antibiotic-producing organisms is a versatile and ever-expanding approach for the production of novel, hybrid compounds possessing bioactivity. The introduction of a plasmid (pSY21b) derived from Streptomyces nogalater and encoding PKS for nogalamycin production into the host strain S. argillaceus A43 led to the production of three new compounds in addition to the normally produced mithramycin. The new compounds are hybrids in the sense that they share features associated with the genes of both the host and the introduced plasmid. The structural elucidation of the novel compounds relied primarily on NMR spectroscopy, which revealed the three hybrids to be glycosides with the same aglycone common to all. Determination of the relative stereochemistry within the aglycone unit was confirmed by single-crystal X-ray analysis of the aglycone, which also revealed the tautomeric equilibrium to be in a very different position in comparison to that in the solution state. The glycosylation profile was clearly determined by the host, as the typical mithramycin sugars, D-oliose, D-olivose, and D-mycarose, were all expressed. Notable for the mutant was the high titre of the shunt products, 60% of the metabolic output, together with a lack of structural diversity of the hybrid aglycone present in the products, two features which are not normally observed.
The effect of SiC addition on the superconducting properties of MgB<sub>2</sub>tapes fabricated through an<i>ex situ</i>process using chemically treated powder (2007)

We have studied the effect of SiC addition on the superconducting properties of Fe-sheathed MgB2 tapes fabricated using powder with chemical treatment through an ex situ process in a powder-in-tube (PIT) technique. Compared with the MgB2 powder without chemical treatment, the treatment drastically increases both the transport critical current density (Jc) values and the pinning force in high magnetic fields. On the other hand, the SiC addition improves the transport Jc values by about 20% in a 10 T field and does not cause appreciable enhancement in the pinning force for tapes using the MgB2 powder with chemical treatment. This is because the carbon substitution does not take place by SiC addition.
Kinematics and design of a portable and wearable exoskeleton for hand rehabilitation (2013)

We present the kinematic design and actuation mechanics of a wearable exoskeleton for hand rehabilitation of post-stroke. Our design method is focused on achieving maximum safety, comfort and reliability in the interaction, and allowing different users to wear the device with no manual regulations. In particular, we propose a kinematic and actuation solution for the index finger flexion/extension, which leaves full movement freedom on the abduction-adduction plane. This paper presents a detailed kineto-static analysis of the system and a first prototype of the device.