gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Trends in Finger Pinch Strength in Children, Adults, and the Elderly (1989)

This study explores empirical relationships among different types of pinches in three age groups. Peak maximum voluntary forces of several pinches--lateral, chuck, and pulp pinches with digits 2, 3, 4, and 5-were tested in 182 subjects comprising 62 children (5-12 years), 70 adults (18-40 years), and 50 elderly (60-89 years). Analysis of the forces indicated four groups of strength magnitude: (1) lateral and chuck, (2) pulp 2 and 3, (3) pulp 4, and (4) pulp 5, in that order; the strength of each type of pinch bears a definite quantitative relationship to every other type, regardless of age group or gender. The female-to-male strength ratio was greatest in children (89%) and least in adults (69%). Comparison with other pinch strength studies established that although force magnitudes may be strongly influenced by specific experimental conditions, empirical relationships among different pinch forces are fairly stable and predictable.
Evolving paradigms in the treatment of relapsed/refractory multiple myeloma: increased options and increased complexity (2016)

The use of modern therapies such as thalidomide, bortezomib and lenalidomide coupled with upfront high-dose therapy and autologous stem cell transplant (ASCT) has resulted in improved survival in patients with newly diagnosed multiple myeloma (MM). However, patients with relapsed/refractory multiple myeloma (RRMM) often have poorer clinical outcomes and might benefit from novel therapeutic strategies. Emerging therapies, such as deacetylase inhibitors, monoclonal antibodies and new proteasome inhibitors, appear promising and may change the therapeutic landscape in RRMM. A limited number of studies has shown a benefit with salvage ASCT in patients with RRMM, although there remains ongoing debate about its timing and effectiveness. Improvement in transplant outcomes has re-ignited a debate on the timing and possible role for salvage ASCT and allogeneic stem cell transplant in RRMM. As the treatment options for management of patients with RRMM become increasingly complex, physicians must consider both disease- and patient-related factors in choosing the appropriate therapeutic approach, with the goal of improving efficacy while minimizing toxicity.
The Radio Spectrum International Allocation and Regulation. (1979)

This thesis contains a study of International Radio Spectrum Allocation and Regulation with particular emphasis upon the U.S.'s relationship with the International Telecommunications Union. (ITU). The authors develop a model of the technical, political and economic aspects of the radio spectrum allocation and regulation processes. The principal elements of the model concern the benefits of use, increased demand, cost of technical expansion, technological advances and the decision making process of the international regulatory body. In particular, a significant amount of attenion is directed toward the historical development of the ITU and spectrum allocation within the framework of the authors' model. Concluding work focuses on the use of the model to determine possible U.S. courses of action with respect to future World Administrative Radio Conferences (WARC). (Author)
Biological Evaluation of a Potential Anticancer Agent Methyl <i>N</i> -[5-(3′-Iodobenzoyl)-1 <i>H</i> -Benzimidazol-2-yl]Carbamate (2019)

<b><i>Background:</i></b> Resistance of cancer to chemo- and radiotherapy remains a major clinical problem. This study contributes to the ongoing search for agents that can bypass this resistance by developing a novel antimitotic theranostic. <b><i>Materials and Methods:</i></b> Methyl <i>N</i>-[5-(3'-iodobenzoyl)-1<i>H</i>-benzimidazol-2-yl]carbamates <b>1</b> and <b>2</b> were synthesized from a common precursor <b>3</b> or its 3'-stannylated derivative. The cytotoxicity of compound <b>1</b> was evaluated in several neuroblastoma and glioblastoma cell lines and in the NCI 60-cell assay. Biodistribution was conducted in mice after oral administration of compound <b>2</b> to determine tissue and brain uptake. <b><i>Result:</i></b> Lethal concentrations (LC<sub>50</sub>s) of compound <b>1</b> in neuroblastoma and glioblastoma are >15 × lower compared with compound <b>3</b>, a drug currently tested in clinical studies in pediatric and adult brain tumors. Growth inhibition concentrations (GI<sub>50</sub>) are in the nanomolar range in 60 cancer cell lines. When compound <b>1</b> is combined with a 4-Gy dose of radiation, <0.5% of cells retain their reproductive integrity. Increased hydrophobicity of new agents greatly enhances their brain uptake after oral administration. <b><i>Conclusions:</i></b> Compound <b>1</b> is potently cytotoxic in a wide range of human cancer cell lines. Its structure allows incorporation of imaging and therapeutic radionuclides. It is therefore expected that compound <b>1</b> can be developed into a novel theranostic modality across a wide range of malignancies.
A Proposal to Win the District of Columbia a Partial Vote in the House of Representatives (2020)

Unlike many citizens of the United States, citizens of the District of Columbia are denied a vote in the national legislature. Not only are they denied a voting representative on matters of national scope and importance, but Congress may control all facets of local governance for the 700,000 residents of the District. This paper suggests a new initiative. It calls for the D.C. Council, under its "Home Rule" authority granted by Congress, to amend a federal law, "The District of Columbia Delegate Act," ("Delgate Act") and give the District's delegate to the House of Representatives the authority to vote in that chamber but exclusively on issues that apply to the District ("The Voting Proposal").
Inertial Optical Flow for Throw-and-Go Micro Air Vehicles (2015)

In this paper, we describe a novel method using only optical flow from a single camera and inertial information to quickly initialize, deploy, and autonomously stabilize an inherently unstable aerial vehicle. Our approach requires a minimal number of tracked features in only two consecutive frames and inertial readings eliminating the need of long feature tracks or local maps and rendering it inherently failsafe. We show theoretically, in simulation, and in real experiments that we can reliably estimate and control the vehicle velocity, full attitude, and metric distance to the scene while self-calibrating inertial intrinsics and sensor extrinsics. In fact, the fast initialization, self-calibration, and inherent fail-safe property leads to the first visual-inertial throw-and-go capable system.
Synthesis and in vitro Evaluation of Polymeric Prodrug of Ibuprofen with Amino Acid Spacer (2015)

The present work is an agreement with simple and efficient method of improving the therapeutic efficacy of ibuprofen by masking its acidic moiety. It aims to reduce gastrointestinal side effects by controlling the rate, duration and site of release. This is achieved by synthesis and evaluation of polymeric prodrug of ibuprofen with natural polymer sodium alginate. The synthesis was supported by N-protected serine as spacer due to chemical incompatibility of drug and polymer. Synthesized prodrug was characterized for confirmation of said structures. The in-vitro dissolution profile of ibuprofen-alginate prodrug showed that the release of the drug is significantly higher in case of pH 7.2 buffer as compared to ibuprofen, which might be due to ester group adjacent to drug get hydrolyzed. The hydrolysis was found to be with faster rate in alkaline media than that of in acidic media.
Foaming Poly(methyl methacrylate) with an Equilibrium Mixture of Carbon Dioxide and Isopropanol (2004)

In this study we examine the mixture carbon dioxide (CO2) and 2-propanol (PrOH) as foaming agents for poly(methyl methacrylate). Gaseous CO2 was dissolved in liquid PrOH, allowing for injection of a homogenous liquid mixture into the extruder. The advantage of such a system is that the CO2/PrOH ratio remains stable, and the mixture can easily be metered with a suitable pump. While the PMMA foamed with this equilibrium mixture was similar to foams prepared with separately injected CO2 and PrOH, there appears to be synergistic effects on the plasticization of PMMA. Furthermore, a delay in the onset of cell nucleation for the PFA mixtures in which CO2 was the main component was also observed.
Enhanced Thermoelectric Properties of Cu 3 SbSe 4 Compounds via Gallium Doping (2017)

In this study, the p -type Ga-doped Cu 3 Sb 1− x Ga x Se 4 compounds were fabricated by melting, annealing, grinding, and spark plasma sintering (SPS). The transport properties of Ga-doped Cu 3 Sb 1− x Ga x Se 4 compounds were investigated. As Ga content increased, the hole concentration of Cu 3 Sb 1− x Ga x Se 4 compounds increased, which led to an increase in electrical conductivity. Meanwhile, the Seebeck coefficient of the Cu 3 Sb 1− x Ga x Se 4 compounds decreased as Ga content increased. The extra phonon scattering originating from Ga-doping effectively depressed the lattice thermal conductivity of the Cu 3 Sb 1− x Ga x Se 4 compounds. The ZT value of Cu 3 SbSe 4 markedly improved, which is primarily ascribed to the depressed lattice thermal conductivity and the increased electrical conductivity. The highest ZT value for the Cu 3 Sb 0.985 Ga 0.015 Se 4 compound was 0.54 at 650 K, which is two times higher than that of a pure Cu 3 SbSe 4 compound.
Using Epstein-Barr Viral Load Assays To Diagnose, Monitor, and Prevent Posttransplant Lymphoproliferative Disorder (2010)

Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) DNA measurement is being incorporated into routine medical practice to help diagnose, monitor, and predict posttransplant lymphoproliferative disorder (PTLD) in immunocompromised graft recipients. PTLD is an aggressive neoplasm that almost always harbors EBV DNA within the neoplastic lymphocytes, and it is often fatal if not recognized and treated promptly. Validated protocols, commercial reagents, and automated instruments facilitate implementation of EBV load assays by real-time PCR. When applied to either whole blood or plasma, EBV DNA levels reflect clinical status with respect to EBV-related neoplasia. While many healthy transplant recipients have low viral loads, high EBV loads are strongly associated with current or impending PTLD. Complementary laboratory assays as well as histopathologic examination of lesional tissue help in interpreting modest elevations in viral load. Circulating EBV levels in serial samples reflect changes in tumor burden and represent an effective, noninvasive tool for monitoring the efficacy of therapy. In high-risk patients, serial testing permits early clinical intervention to prevent progression toward frank PTLD. Restoring T cell immunity against EBV is a major strategy for overcoming PTLD, and novel EBV-directed therapies are being explored to thwart virus-driven neoplasia.
Automatic security enhancement of crypto ICs against fault injection attacks (2016)

Fault injection attacks have become a serious threat against cryptographic ICs. The existing countermeasures rely on error detection and correction, which brings a large area and power overhead. This paper proposes a security enhancement design method against fault injection attacks, which selectively protects or detects only the vulnerable logic cells in a cryptographic circuit. These vulnerable cells of the cryptographic ICs can be accurately identified on the system level and the security enhancement will be conducted only on these cells on the circuit level. This security enhancement design method has the advantages of smaller area and power overheads, transparency to the IC designers and compatibility to the common electronic design automation (EDA) tools.
Quantitative characterizations of a nanopatterned bonded wafer: force determination for nanoimprint lithography stamp removal (2008)

The nanoimprint lithography process consists of two mechanical steps: molding and stamp removal. While many publications dealing with anti-sticking layer properties or the understanding of polymer flow during imprinting have recently been published, only a few studies have been carried out to deeply characterize the demolding step. Regarding the small amount of theoretical work dedicated to this issue, in this paper both experimental and first theoretical approaches are proposed to characterize the demolding process in a peeling scheme. Full 200 mm stamp and imprinted wafers were used to identify the experimental limitation of such a full wafer peeling demolding scheme. A rectangular stamp and substrate samples with or without nanoscale features combined with an augmented beam theory are proposed to extract quantitative data for the required demolding force as well as the friction stress along the feature sidewall. Therefore both adhesion and friction forces were characterized on single stamp structures.
COMPARISONS OF CODED APERTURE IMAGING USING VARIOUS APERTURES AND DECODING METHODS (1976)

The utility of coded aperture imaging of radioisotope distributions in Nuclear Medicine is in its ability to give depth information about a three dimensional source. We have calculated imaging with Fresnel zone plate and multiple pinhole apertures to produce coded shadows and reconstruction of these shadows using correlation, Fresnel diffraction, and Fourier transform deconvolution. Comparisons of the coded apertures and decoding methods are made by evaluating their point response functions both for in-focus and out-of-focus image planes. Background averages and standard deviations were calculated. In some cases, background subtraction was made using combinations of two complementary apertures. Results using deconvolution reconstruction for finite numbers of events are also given.
A Chemoenzymic Approach to Hydroperoxyeicosatetraenoic Acids. Total Synthesis of 5(S)-HPETE (1995)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTA Chemoenzymic Approach to Hydroperoxyeicosatetraenoic Acids. Total Synthesis of 5(S)-HPETEPatrick Dussault and In Quen LeeCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1995, 60, 1, 218–226Publication Date (Print):January 1, 1995Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 January 1995https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo00106a037https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00106a037research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views429Altmetric-Citations16LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (3)»Supporting Information Supporting Information Get e-Alerts
<i>Candida</i>Infections, Causes, Targets, and Resistance Mechanisms: Traditional and Alternative Antifungal Agents (2013)

The genus Candida includes about 200 different species, but only a few species are human opportunistic pathogens and cause infections when the host becomes debilitated or immunocompromised. Candida infections can be superficial or invasive. Superficial infections often affect the skin or mucous membranes and can be treated successfully with topical antifungal drugs. However, invasive fungal infections are often life-threatening, probably due to inefficient diagnostic methods and inappropriate initial antifungal therapies. Here, we briefly review our current knowledge of pathogenic species of the genus Candida and yeast infection causes and then focus on current antifungal drugs and resistance mechanisms. An overview of new therapeutic alternatives for the treatment of Candida infections is also provided.
NeuroFlow: A General Purpose Spiking Neural Network Simulation Platform using Customizable Processors (2016)

NeuroFlow is a scalable spiking neural network simulation platform for off-the-shelf high performance computing systems using customizable hardware processors such as Field-Programmable Gate Arrays (FPGAs). Unlike multi-core processors and application-specific integrated circuits, the processor architecture of NeuroFlow can be redesigned and reconfigured to suit a particular simulation to deliver optimised performance, such as the degree of parallelism to employ. The compilation process supports using PyNN, a simulator-independent neural network description language, to configure the processor. NeuroFlow supports a number of commonly used current or conductance based neuronal models such as integrate-and-fire and Izhikevich models, and the spike-timing-dependent plasticity (STDP) rule for learning. A 6-FPGA system can simulate a network of up to approximately 600,000 neurons and can achieve a real-time performance of 400,000 neurons. Using one FPGA, NeuroFlow delivers a speedup of up to 33.6 times the speed of an 8-core processor, or 2.83 times the speed of GPU-based platforms. With high flexibility and throughput, NeuroFlow provides a viable environment for large-scale neural network simulation.
The pain-adaptation model: a discussion of the relationship between chronic musculoskeletal pain and motor activity (1991)

Articles describing motor function in five chronic musculoskeletal pain conditions (temporomandibular disorders, muscle tension headache, fibromyalgia, chronic lower back pain, and postexercise muscle soreness) were reviewed. It was concluded that the data do not support the commonly held view that the pain of these conditions is maintained by some form of tonic muscular hyperactivity. Instead, it seems clear that in these conditions the activity of agonist muscles is often reduced by pain, even when this does not arise from the muscle itself. On the other hand, pain causes small increases in the level of activity of the antagonist. As a consequence of these changes, force production and the range and velocity of movement of the affected body part are often reduced. To explain how such changes in the behaviour come about, we propose a neurophysiological model based on the phasic modulation of excitatory and inhibitory interneurons supplied by high-threshold sensory afferents. We suggest that the "dysfunction" that is characteristic of several types of chronic musculoskeletal pain is a normal protective adaptation and is not a cause of pain.
Washington, Jefferson, and Grant: Redundancy and Irony in Gaines's A Lesson Before Dying (2013)

Reactive oxygen species (ROS), a chemically defined group of reactive molecules derived from molecular oxygen, are involved in a variety of physiological and pathological processes, including immune defense, cellular metabolism, and other physiological processes. To access their detailed function in these processes, it is critical to establish rapid, accurate and in situ assays for these species in vivo. Among the potential assays, fluorescent probes are considered as the most promising candidate to monitor the biological ROS in vivo with great spatial and temporal resolution and are extensively used as an excellent tool in modern redox biology discovery. Recently, abundant fluorescent probes have been successively developed for in vitro or intracellular detection of ROS, but most of them could not be used for in vivo imaging due to their intrinsic shortcomings such as short emission wavelengths, phototoxicity and poor tissue penetration. Recent development of fluorescent ROS probes with near-infrared emission aim to address these concerns to develop practical assays. Herein, we review recent developments of ROS-sensitive near-infrared fluorescent probes, with an emphasis on the design, synthesis, characteristics of fluorescent probes, as well as their applications. We hope this review will aid the development of a new generation of efficient, sensitive and biocompatible fluorescent probes for in vivo ROS detection.
Arraymetrics: Authentication Through Chaotic Antenna Array Geometries (2021)

Advances in computing have resulted in an emerging need for multi-factor authentication using an amalgamation of cryptographic and physical keys. This letter presents a novel authentication approach using a combination of signal and antenna activation sequences, and most importantly, perturbed antenna array geometries. Possible degrees of freedom in perturbing antenna array geometries affected physical properties and their detection are presented. Channel estimation for the plurality of validly authorized arrays is discussed. Accuracy is investigated as a function of signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) and number of authorized arrays. It is observed that the proposed authentication scheme can provide 1% false authentication rate at 10 dB SNR, while it is achieving less than 1% missed authentication rates.
Catalytic oxidation of carbon monoxide over ruthenium-rhodium (RuRh)silica bimetallic clusters (1986)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTCatalytic oxidation of carbon monoxide over ruthenium-rhodium (RuRh)silica bimetallic clustersMary McLaughlin McClory and Richard D. GonzalezCite this: J. Phys. Chem. 1986, 90, 4, 628–633Publication Date (Print):February 1, 1986Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 February 1986https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/j100276a029https://doi.org/10.1021/j100276a029research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views88Altmetric-Citations4LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access options Get e-Alerts
Race and Christian Interpersonal Relationships (2016)

Unfortunately no one seems to have a workable and effective plan to resolve societal racial tension that continues to exist in America and in the rest of the world. However, the Bible gives clear instructions as how to resolve racial conflicts. Having grown up in Hawaii, Caleb Brown shares his experiences about racial differences in that state and proposes biblical solutions to all interpersonal conflicts.
Forensic patients--who is watching them? (2012)

Does your hospital security department have the right and/or responsibility for checking out the qualifications and practices of private contractors hired by law enforcement to guard forensic patients? In this article, the author explains why you should.