gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A Robust and Efficient Algorithm for the PnL Problem Using Algebraic Distance to Approximate the Reprojection Distance (2019)

This paper proposes a novel algorithm to solve the pose estimation problem from 2D/3D line correspondences, known as the Perspective-n-Line (PnL) problem. It is widely known that minimizing the geometric distance generally results in more accurate results than minimizing an algebraic distance. However, the rational form of the reprojection distance of the line yields a complicated cost function, which makes solving the first-order optimality conditions infeasible. Furthermore, iterative algorithms based on the reprojection distance are time-consuming for a large-scale problem. In contrast to previous works which minimize a cost function based on an algebraic distance that may not approximate the reprojection distance of the line, we design two simple algebraic distances to gradually approximate the reprojection distance. This speeds up the computation, and maintains the robustness of the geometric distance. The two algebraic distances result in two polynomial cost functions, which can be efficiently solved. We directly solve the first-order optimality conditions of the first problem with a novel hidden variable method. This algorithm makes use of the specific structure of the resulting polynomial system, therefore it is more stable than the general Gröbner basis polynomial solver. Then, we minimize the second polynomial cost function by the damped Newton iteration, starting from the solution of the first cost function. Experimental results show that the first step of our algorithm is already superior to the state-of-the-art algorithms in terms of accuracy and applicability, and faster than the algorithms based on Gröbner basis polynomial solver. The second step yields comparable results to the results from minimizing the reprojection distance, but is much more efficient. For speed, our algorithm is applicable to real-time applications.
The role of Vitamin D in treatment of Chronic Insomnia with Melatonin (P5.320) (2018)

The aim of this study is to show the use and efficacy of vitamin D supplementation in treatment course of chronic insomnia with melatonin.
Subvocal Speech Recognition Based on EMG Signal Using Independent Component Analysis and Neural Network MLP (2008)

The performance of speech recognition systems is commonly degraded by either speech-related disabilities or by real-world factors such as the environmentpsilas noise level and reverberation. In this work, we propose a subvocal speech recognition system based on EMG signal for subvocal acquisition, Independent Component Analysis (ICA) for feature extraction and Neural Networks for classification. We have evaluated the systempsilas performance using a vowel phonemes database. The success rate was 93,99%.
Small-molecule inhibitors of the p53-HDM2 interaction for the treatment of cancer (2008)

The development of pharmacological inhibitors has been challenging. Although many small-molecule HDM2 inhibitors have shown potent in vitro activity, only a limited number of compounds have displayed acceptable pharmacokinetic properties for in vivo evaluation. To date, the most studied chemotypes have been cis-imidazolines (e.g., Nutlins), benzodiazepines (BDPs) and spiro-oxindoles. The cis-imidazolines were the first reported potent, selective small-molecule inhibitors of the p53-MDM2 interaction, and continue to show therapeutic potential. Additionally, p53-based strategies involving inhibition of MDM2-mediated p53 ubiquitylation and restoration of DNA-binding activity of mutant p53 protein, as well as combination therapies, will be briefly described. Finally, a structurally distinct chemotype currently in Phase I clinical trials will be presented.
Allogeneic chimerism in scid mice after neonatal transfer of bone marrow (1992)

Allogeneic chimeras are valuable tools for studies of complex immune cell interactions in vivo. Mice with severe combined immune deficiency (scid) should be ideal hosts for chimerism with allogeneic bone marrow cells as these animals lack mature T and B lymphocytes capable of reacting against donor alloantigens. However, it has been difficult to achieve full reconstitution of adult scid mice even using coisogenic bone marrow grafts without prior irradiation of the recipient. We explored ways to generate complete reconstitution of scid mice with allogeneic bone marrow. Unirradiated adult scid recipients of allogeneic bone marrow were only marginally reconstituted. Adult scid mice pretreated with 250 R were reconstituted with allogeneic bone marrow as measured by serum IgM concentration, peripheral lymphoid cellularity, and mitogen responses, but a potentially important immunologic deficit was found in these mice: 250 R caused a 70% loss of scid macrophages and dendritic cells which persisted at least 5 months. By contrast, when scid mice were injected i.p. with allogeneic bone marrow within the first 24 h after birth, rapid and complete reconstitution of both T and B cell lineages was achieved, and the animals had APC that were both donor and host in origin. Considering the extent and duration of engraftment (43 wk) by allogeneic cells in neonatally transplanted scid mice, it was anticipated that their bone marrow would be chimeric. However, the bone marrow contained very few donor-derived cells, suggesting that lymphopoiesis may be taking place in other organs in these chimeras.
New Insights into Proppant-Pack Damage Due to Infiltration of Formation Fines (1999)

Abstract Many wells completed in soft, poorly consolidated formations tend to underperform because of drilling and completion prac-tices in which formation-incompatible fluids are lost to the formation, resulting in significant near-well permeability loss. Advances in soft-rock stimulation technology have made frac-packing the preferred method for bypassing this formation damage. Choosing a suitable proppant for frac-packing soft formations is often paramount to overall stimulation success because many soft formations produce fines that can plug screens or packs. Numerous studies describe the optimization of proppant size as a way to minimize fines invasion into the proppant pack and maximize conductivity. A recent study suggests that the conventional proppant-sizing criteria can be increased to pro-vide increased conductivity while maintaining sufficient fines invasion properties by the simple application of a tackifier to the surface proppant grains. This work indicated that the formation of a stable proppant-pack formation interface is key in preventing formation fines invasion into the proppant pack. The data presented in this paper show the long-term maintenance of permeability and conductivity for packs that are invaded by fines. The proppant-pack data compare packs treated with a tackifier to untreated packs. Laboratory model study results are provided for a variety of materials and flow regimes. In addition, this paper addresses finer-sized fines infiltration that can cause deep proppant-pack damage. It is generally believed that finer particles produce through the proppant pack without causing significant permeability reduction. The impact of adsorbing finer particles onto a tackified proppant surface is addressed.
Development and Formulation of Veterinary Dosage Forms (2020)

Introduction: Veterinary Drug Availability, Gerald B. Guest Basis for Selection of the Dosage Form, J. Desmond Baggot and Scott A. Brown Formulation of Veterinary Dosage Forms, Paul R. Klink, Thomas H. Ferguson, and Judy A. Magruder Protein/Peptide Veterinary Formulations, Todd P. Foster Formulation of Vaccines, Russell Bey, Randy Simonson, and Nathalie Garcon Administration Devices and Techniques, David W. Cook Specification Development and Stability Assessment, Gary R. Dukes and David A. Hahn Bioavailability Bioequivalence Assessments, Marilyn N. Martinez and Melanie R. Berson Design of Preclinical Studies, Gary Olaf Korsrud, Gerard Lambert, James D. MacNeil, and Man Sen Yon
Molecular Cloaking of H2A.Z on Mortal DNA Chromosomes During Nonrandom Segregation (2011)

Although nonrandom sister chromatid segregation is a singular property of distributed stem cells (DSCs) that are responsible for renewing and repairing mature vertebrate tissues, both its cellular function and its molecular mechanism remain unknown. This situation persists in part because of the lack of facile methods for detecting and quantifying nonrandom segregating cells and for identifying chromosomes with immortal DNA strands, the cellular molecules that signify nonrandom segregation. During nonrandom segregation, at each mitosis, asymmetrically self-renewing DSCs continuously cosegregate to themselves the set of chromosomes that contain immortal DNA strands, which are the oldest DNA strands. Here, we report the discovery of a molecular asymmetry between segregating sets of immortal chromosomes and opposed mortal chromosomes (i.e., containing the younger set of DNA template strands) that constitutes a new convenient biomarker for detection of cells undergoing nonrandom segregation and direct delineation of chromosomes that bear immortal DNA strands. In both cells engineered with DSC-specific properties and ex vivo-expanded mouse hair follicle stem cells, the histone H2A variant H2A.Z shows specific immunodetection on immortal DNA chromosomes. Cell fixation analyses indicate that H2A.Z is present on mortal chromosomes as well but is cloaked from immunodetection, and the cloaking entity is acid labile. The H2A.Z chromosomal asymmetry produced by molecular cloaking provides a first direct assay for nonrandom segregation and for chromosomes with immortal DNA strands. It also seems likely to manifest an important aspect of the underlying mechanism(s) responsible for nonrandom sister chromatid segregation in DSCs.
Pressure Analysis for Horizontal Wells (1988)

Summary This paper presents horizontal-well test design and interpretation methods. Analytical solutions are developed that can be handled easily by a desktop computer to carry out design as well as interpretation with semilog and log-log analysis. These analytical solutions point out the distinctive behavior of horizontal wells: (1) at early time, there is a circular radial flow in a vertical plane perpendicular to the Well, and (2) at late time, there is a horizontal pseudoradial flow. Each type of flow is associated with a semilog straight line to which semilog analysis has to be adapted. The horizontal pseudoradial flow takes into account a pseudoskin depending on system geometry, which is a priori defined and estimated. Practical time criteria are proposed to determine the beginning and the end of each type of flow and to provide a guide to semilog analysis and well test design. We study the behavior of uniform-flux or infinite-conductivity horizontal wells, with wellbore storage and skin. The homogeneous reservoir is infinite or limited by impermeable or constant-pressure boundaries. A method is also outlined to transform all our solutions for homogeneous reservoirs into corresponding solutions for double-porosity reservoirs.
Mathematical Modeling of the Lithium Deposition Overcharge Reaction in Lithium‐Ion Batteries Using Carbon‐Based Negative Electrodes (1999)

The processes that lead to capacity fading affect severely the cycle life and rate behavior of lithium‐ion cells. One such process is the overcharge of the negative electrode causing lithium deposition, which can lead to capacity losses including a loss of active lithium and electrolyte and represents a potential safety hazard. A mathematical model is presented to predict lithium deposition on the negative electrode under a variety of operating conditions. The , 2:1 ethylene carbonate/dimethyl carbonate, poly(vinylidene fluoride‐hexalfuoropropylene)| cell is simulated to investigate the influence of lithium deposition on the charging behavior of intercalation electrodes. The model is used to study the effect of key design parameters (particle size, electrode thickness, and mass ratio) on the lithium deposition overcharge reaction. The model predictions are compared for coke and graphite‐based negative electrodes. The cycling behavior of these cells is simulated before and after overcharge to understand the effect of overcharge on extended cycling. These results can be used to establish operational and design limits within which safety hazards and capacity fade problems, inherent in these cells, can be minimized. © 1999 The Electrochemical Society. All rights reserved.
A New Nonfullerene Electron Acceptor with a Ladder Type Backbone for High‐Performance Organic Solar Cells (2016)

Nonfullerene acceptor FDICTF (2,9-bis(2methylene-(3-(1,1-dicyanomethylene)indanone))-7,​12-​dihydro-​4,​4,​7,​7,​12,​12-​hexaoctyl-​4H-​cyclopenta[2″,​1″:5,​6;3″,​4″:5',​6']​diindeno[1,​2-​b:1',​2'-​b']dithiophene) modified by fusing the fluorene core in a precursor, yields 10.06% high power conversion efficiency, and demonstrates that the ladder and fused core backbone in A-D-A structure molecules is an effective design strategy for high-performance nonfullerene acceptors.
Quantitative PET Comparing Gated with Nongated Acquisitions Using a NEMA Phantom with Respiratory-Simulated Motion (2007)

In the presence of motion, the use of gated PET acquisitions appears to improve quantification accuracy over nongated acquisitions, almost restoring the results to those observed when the phantom is static.
Concurrent MAP data association and absolute bias estimation with an arbitrary number of sensors (2008)

Bias estimation using objects with unknown data association requires concurrent estimation of both biases and optimal data association. This report derives maximum <i>a posteriori</i> (MAP) data association likelihood ratios for concurrent bias estimation and data association based on sensor-level track state estimates and their joint error covariance. Our approach is unique for two reasons. First, we include a bias prior that allows estimation of absolute sensor biases, rather than just relative biases. Second, we allow concurrent bias estimation and association for an arbitrary number of sensors. The two-sensor likelihood ratio is derived as a special case of the general <i>M</i>-sensor result.
13.5 A 512Gb 3-bit/Cell 3D Flash Memory on 128-Wordline-Layer with 132MB/s Write Performance Featuring Circuit-Under-Array Technology (2019)

Advancements in 3D-Flash memory-layer-stacking technology has enabled density scaling that circumvents the lithography limitations which have prevented 2D-NAND Flash memory from scaling [1]. Bit densities as high as 5.95Gb/mm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> on a single die were recently reported [2], where a 512Gb NAND Flash was built on 96 layers of memory. As memory density increases, with memory layers increasing from 96 layers to 128 layers, higher bit density can be achieved by adopting larger capacity die; however, NAND performance per bit density is reducing with the 2-plane architecture. In this work, we propose a 512Gb 3b/cell 128WL-layer NAND Flash, with a bit density of 7.80Gb/mm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> : a 31% improvement over the previously reported. Three key performance improving technologies have been implemented. (1) A 4-plane architecture with circuit under array (CUA) technology to improve performance per bit density. (2) A multi-die peak-power management (PPM) system to manage peak-power consumption in the system, via the ZQ pin. (3) A 4KB-page-read mode to reduce power consumption. Figure 13.5.1(a) summarized the key features and Fig. 13.5.1(b) shows the die photograph and the floorplan for this work. Figure 13.5.2 shows a table comparing this work to previous work.
Ion coordination significantly enhances the photocatalytic activity of graphitic-phase carbon nitride (2014)

Here we report a facile surface modification route, metal ion coordination, to improve the photoactivity of carbon nitride. The metal ions coordinating into the plane of g-C3N4 significantly contribute to a drastic increase of the photocatalytic activity in solar hydrogen production as well as in the photodegradation of organic pollutants.
Peer Rejection in Childhood. (1991)

Introduction 1. Recent advances in the study of peer rejection S. R. Asher Part I. Behavioural Characteristics of Peer Rejected Children: 2. Peer group behavior and social status J. D. Coie, K. A. Dodge and J. Kupersmidt 3. Children's entry behavior M. Putallaz and A. Wasserman 4. Preschooler's behavioral orientations and patterns of peer contact: predictive of peer status? G. R. Ladd, J. M. Price and C. H. Hart Part II. Parent-Child Relations and Peer Rejection: 5. Social withdrawal in childhood: developmental pathways to peer rejection K. H. Rubin, L. J. Lemare and S. Lollis 6. Parent-child interaction M. Putallaz and A. H. Heflin Part III. Social-Cognitive Process: 7. Issues in social cognition and sociometric status K. A. Dodge and E. Feldman 8. Reputational bias: view from the peer group S. Hymel, E. Wagner and L. J. Butler Part IV. Consequences of Peer Rejection: 9. Peer rejection and loneliness in childhood S. R. Asher, J. T. Parkhurst, S. Hymell and G. A. Williams 10. The role of poor peer relationships in the development of disorder J. Kupersmidt, J. D. Coie and K. A. Dodge Part V. Issues in Intervention Research: 11. Adapting intervention to the problems of aggressive and disruptive rejected children J. D. Coie and G. K. Koeppl 12. Toward the development of successful social skill training for preschool children J. Mize and G. W. Ladd Conclusion: 13. Toward a theory of peer rejection J. D. Coie.
The Apple Sandbox (2011)

Despite the never ending proclamations of the end of memory corruption vulnerabilities, modern software continues to fall to exploits taking advantage of these bugs. Current operating systems incorporate a battery of exploit mitigations [4][10][3] making life significantly more complex for attackers turning these bugs into attacks. Additionally, developers are becoming increasingly aware of the security implications of previously idiomatic code. Leading software publishers are teaching defensive coding techniques and have adopted an offensive mindset for product testing [9][1][8]. And yet, a single vulnerability can still provide the attacker the leverage needed to gain entry. Security researchers have disclosed multiple ways to render the mitigations ineffective [12][13][11]1 – imagine what techniques are not public. Often times, one bug can still ”ruin your day” [14]. Given this problem, the inability to find all security relevant bugs in a system, what can be done to increase the effort required by the attacker? Lately, the most popular answer to this question has been the deployment of access control systems (sometimes called sandboxes.) Well known applications making use of this technology include Google’s Chrome browser [7], Microsoft’s Office 2010 Protected View [5], Apple’s iOS AppStore sandboxing [6], and Adobe’s upcoming Reader X [2]. Each of these applications make use of operating system specific access control systems. For Linux, a well known example is SELinux, although, other systems are available. For FreeBSD and XNU, the TrustedBSD system is used. On Windows, the access control enforcement is on the kernel object level with inherited permissions — there is no monolithic system for access control like the other operating systems. The goal of these systems is to mitigate post-code-execution exploitation by breaking the application into tightly restricted pieces (possibly processes.) For example, the HTML
Attenuation map estimation without transmission scanning using measured scatter data (2011)

Attenuation correction is essential for reliable interpretation of SPECT images, however the use of transmission measurements to generate attenuation maps is limited by availability of equipment and potential mismatches between the transmission and emission measurements. A method has been developed to use scatter data measured at the same time as the emission measurements to estimate an attenuation map. The algorithm iterates through a dual estimation process, fixing estimated activity and attenuation respectively. The work presented here improves the accuracy of the previously described scatter model. The possibility of using an ordered subsets technique to accelerate the reconstruction algorithm is considered and the robustness of the reconstruction algorithm to errors in the estimation of higher order scatter is investigated. The improved scatter model developed using the Klein-Nishina formula and Compton scattering angles that include solid angle effects has been found to accurately estimate single scattered photons, when compared to Monte Carlo simulation results. The use of 5 iterations or sub-iterations in each reconstruction step resulted in convergence in fewer steps. The use of 5 standard iterations in each subset took approximately 4.7 times longer than the use of a single iteration; this was reduced to be 3.9 times longer than a single iteration when using a standard ordered-subsets technique. Further acceleration can be obtained by using the same attenuation map to calculate the number of photons reaching each point for scatter for all sub-iterations; this resulted in similar reconstruction times per step regardless of the number of sub-iterations used. Both acceleration methods were able to produce convergence similar to reconstruction without the use of subsets. The algorithm has been found to be less sensitive to underestimates of higher order scatter events than to overestimates and is reasonably robust to errors in the precision of the correction for higher order scatter events. The technique presented shows promise as a method of attenuation correction for SPECT data without the need for a separate transmission scan.
Bioactive and Biomimetic Restorative Materials: A Comprehensive Review. Part <scp>II</scp> (2013)

Bioactive materials have evolved over the past three decades from relatively specialized, highly biocompatible, but low-strength dental materials to now emerge in product compositions for expanded clinical uses in restorative dentistry. Further developments to meet additional restorative clinical needs are anticipated in the newly emerging category of dental materials.
Unwrapping Core–Shell Nanowires into Nanoribbon‐Based Superstructures (2013)

A prize for the ribbons: High-quality crystalline semiconducting nanoribbons can be prepared by "unwrapping" core-shell nanowire precursors. For example, Ge nanowires were coated with a Si shell and the top surface was carved by etching whereas the sides were protected by a thin layer of photoresist material. Finally the Ge core was removed selectively by chemical means to give fully opened and flat nanoribbon structures.