gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
OLAM: A wearable, non-contact sensor for continuous heart-rate and activity monitoring (2011)

A wearable, multi-modal sensor is presented that can non-invasively monitor a patient's activity level and heart function concurrently for more than a week. The 4 in(2) sensor incorporates both a non-contact heartrate sensor and a 5-axis inertial measurement unit (IMU), allowing simultaneous heart, respiration, and movement monitoring without requiring physical contact with the skin [1]. Hence, this Oregon State University Life and Activity Monitor (OLAM) provides the unique opportunity to combine motion data with heart-rate information, enabling assessment of actual physical activity beyond conventional movement sensors. OLAM also provides a unique platform for non-contact sensing, enabling the filtering of movement artifacts generated by the non-contact capacitive interface, using the IMU data as a movement noise channel. Intended to be used in clinical trials for weeks at a time with no physician intervention, the OLAM allows continuous non-invasive monitoring of patients, providing the opportunity for long-term observation into a patient's physical activity and subtle longitudinal changes.
Detection of Human Leukocyte Interferon-αA and -α <sub>2</sub> Genes in Genomic DNAs by the Use of Deoxyoctadecyloligonucleotide Probes (1988)

Two deoxyoctadecyloligonucleotides complementary to the sequence spanning a single base substitution between human leukocyte interferon (HuIFN) alpha A and alpha 2 genes were efficiently used as probes to distinguish between HuIFN-alpha A and -alpha 2 genes. At 37 degrees C or 42 degrees C under aqueous conditions (0.9 M NaCl), hybridization between both probes and the alpha A and alpha 2 genes without any mismatch was strong, whereas the hybridization with one base mismatch (alpha A probe-alpha 2 gene and alpha 2 probe-alpha A gene) was very weak or negligible. Because the single base substitution of G in the alpha 2 gene for A in the alpha A gene provides an extra HinfI site in the alpha 2 gene at the center of the sequence hybridizing to the alpha 2 probe, digestion with HinfI restriction endonuclease caused complete loss of the hybridization between the alpha 2 probe and the alpha 2 gene. PvuII digestion provides 298-bp fragments hybridizing to the probes only from the alpha A and alpha 2 genes among the known HuIFN-alpha genes. Thus, with the use of these oligonucleotide probes in combination with PvuII and PvuII-HinfI restriction endonuclease digestion, the existence of the sequences corresponding to both IFN-alpha A and IFN-alpha 2 genes in human genomic DNAs was demonstrated. The results also surprisingly indicate that these genes, formerly considered alleles because of their essential identity (1 base pair difference in the coding sequence), are not likely to be alleles, but represent closely related distinct genes.
Nicotinamide riboside with pterostilbene (NRPT) increases NAD+ in patients with acute kidney injury (AKI): a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, stepwise safety study of escalating doses of NRPT in patients with AKI (2020)

NCT03176628 , date of registration June 5th, 2017.
A note on state-space decomposition methods for analyzing stochastic flow networks (1995)

Consider a flow network with single source s and single sink t with demand d>0. Assume that the nodes do not restrict flow transmission and the arcs have finite random discrete capacities. This paper has two objectives: (1) it corrects errors in well-known algorithms by Doulliez and Jamoulle (1972) for (a) computing the probability that the demand is satisfied (or network reliability), (b) the probability that an arc belongs to a minimum cut which limits the flow below d, and (c) the probability that a cut limits the flow below d; and (2) it discusses the applicability of these procedures. The Doulliez and Jamoulle algorithms are frequently referenced or used by researchers in the areas of power and communication systems and appear to be very effective for the computation of the network reliability when the demand is close to the largest possible maximum flow value. Extensive testing is required before the Doulliez and Jamoulle algorithms are disposed in favor of alternative approaches. Such testing should compare the performance of existing methods in a variety of networks including grid networks and dense networks of various sizes.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Digital field pick-up unit using COFDM scheme (1996)

The COFDM (coded orthogonal frequency division multiplexing) modulation scheme is effective for digital transmission under multipath fading conditions. A digital 800 MHz FPU (field pick-up unit) that uses COFDM technology has been developed to enable stable live-TV transmission from moving vehicles. In the experimental COFDM-FPU, compressed digital video/audio data are distributed to 572 carriers within the 9 MHz bandwidth, using the DQPSK (differential quadrature phase shift keying) modulation scheme for each carrier. Field trials have been carried out for comparison with a conventional analogue FM-FPU. The COFDM digital FPU maintains video signal stability even under severe multipath fading conditions, when pictures of the conventional PM-FPU are seriously degraded. This paper describes the first application of the COFDM modulation scheme to the digital FPU that transmits digital signals from a mobile source. It also introduces the main features of this experimental equipment together with the results of the transmission experiments.
Antisense technology: A review (2021)

Antisense technology is beginning to deliver on the broad promise of the technology. Ten RNA-targeted drugs including eight single-strand antisense drugs (ASOs) and two double-strand ASOs (siRNAs) have now been approved for commercial use, and the ASOs in phase 2/3 trials are innovative, delivered by multiple routes of administration and focused on both rare and common diseases. In fact, two ASOs are used in cardiovascular outcome studies and several others in very large trials. Interest in the technology continues to grow, and the field has been subject to a significant number of reviews. In this review, we focus on the molecular events that result in the effects observed and use recent clinical results involving several different ASOs to exemplify specific molecular mechanisms and specific issues. We conclude with the prospective on the technology.
A MALDI Sample Preparation Method Suitable for Insoluble Polymers (2000)

Polyamides are insoluble or poorly soluble in common organic solvents, which makes normal sample preparation for matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization (MALDI) mass spectrometry very difficult. An new analytical protocol for MALDI analysis of polyamides or other insoluble samples is described. It consists of pressing a pellet from a solid mixture of the polymer and a matrix, both in the form of finely ground powder. This sample preparation is compared with the common dried droplet sample preparation method and found to perform much better, both in terms of robustness against variation of experimental parameters and high-mass capability.
Enhancing PKM Accuracy by Separating Actuation and Measurement: A 3DOF Case Study (2010)

This paper proposes an approach for enhancing parallel kinematics machine accuracy by separating actuation and measurement. We describe the interest of the separation actuation and measurement concept and define the sensor redundancy used for designing the measurement device. Then, we present the design of a parallel machine-tool prototype with an independent measuring system, MoM3, as well as the optimization of its measuring system. Lastly, we present the control schemes used on the prototype, and provide experimental results to show the efficiency of separation actuation and measurement applied to a machine-tool.
A strategy for evaluating the safety of organisms for biological weed control (1974)

SUMMARY A strategy for establishing the specificity and safety of an organism as a biological weed control agent is described. A critical first step is to expose to its attack a small group of plants very closely related and exhibiting morphological and biochemical similarities to the weed. To prevent an erroneous negative result tests are also made on selected cultivated plants, including those closely related to the weed, those of which the associated insects and fungi are little known, those that have evolved apart from or been little exposed to the agent, those attacked by closely related organisms and those already recorded as hosts. The circumstances under which the strategy might fail to indicate safety are discussed, i.e. polyphagous organisms attacking plants irregularly distributed throughout many families, organisms highly specific to two alternate hosts, and those attacking two or three phylogenetically widely separated plant groups. The additional crop plant testing, included in the overall strategy to deal with such possible failures, is discussed. It is shown that the strategy would have included Sesamum tndicum in the list of plants challenged by the bug Teleonemia scrupulosa in biological testing for control of Lantana camara , thereby forewarning of the attack that was subsequently observed in Africa.
Lysophosphatidic acids and their substrate lysophospholipids in cerebrospinal fluid as objective biomarkers for evaluating the severity of lumbar spinal stenosis (2019)

Lysophospholipids (LPLs) are known to have potentially important roles in the initiation and maintenance of neuropathic pain in animal models. This study investigated the association between the clinical severity of lumbar spinal stenosis (LSS) and the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) levels of LPLs, using human samples. We prospectively identified twenty-eight patients with LSS and fifteen controls with idiopathic scoliosis or bladder cancer without neurological symptoms. We quantified LPLs from CSF using liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. We assessed clinical outcome measures of LSS (Neuropathic Pain Symptom Inventory (NPSI) and Zurich Claudication Questionnaire (ZCQ)) and categorized patients into two groups according to their severity. Five species of lysophosphatidic acid (LPA), nine species of lysophosphatidylcholine (LPC), and one species of lysophosphatidylinositol (LPI) were detected. The CSF levels of all species of LPLs were significantly higher in LSS patients than controls. Patients in the severe NPSI group had significantly higher LPL levels (three species of LPA and nine species of LPC) than the mild group. Patients in the severe ZCQ group also had significantly higher LPL levels (four species of LPA and nine species of LPC). This investigation demonstrates a positive correlation between the CSF levels of LPLs and the clinical severity of LSS. LPLs are potential biomarkers for evaluating the severity of LSS.
<i>PHGDH</i> amplification and altered glucose metabolism in human melanoma (2011)

The metabolic requirements of cancer cells differ from that of their normal counterparts. To support their proliferation, cancer cells switch to a fermentative metabolism that is thought to support biomass production. Instances where metabolic enzymes promote tumorigenesis remain rare. However, an enzyme involved in the de novo synthesis of serine, 3-phosphoglycerate dehydrogenase (PHGDH), was recently identified as a putative oncogene. The potential mechanisms by which PHGDH promotes cancer are discussed.
Steuerungsmechanismen — Varianten und Variationen (1992)

MS Excel verfügt über unterschiedliche Möglichkeiten, Abläufe zu steuern. Dies können kleine Makros oder Funktionsmakros bis hin zu komplexen Makroanwendungen sein. Die Auslöser für diese Aktionen sind ebenso vielfältig.
A study of projections for key point based registration of panoramic terrestrial 3D laser scan (2015)

This paper surveys state-of-the-art image features and descriptors for the task of 3D scan registration based on panoramic reflectance images. As modern terrestrial laser scanners digitize their environment in a spherical way, the sphere has to be projected to a two-dimensional image. To this end, we evaluate the equirectangular, the cylindrical, the Mercator, the rectilinear, the Pannini, the stereographic, and the z-axis projection. We show that the Mercator and the Pannini projection outperform the other projection methods.
<i>Propionibacterium acnes</i> Induces Intervertebral Disc Degeneration by Promoting iNOS/NO and COX‐2/PGE<sub>2</sub> Activation via the ROS‐Dependent NF‐<i>κ</i>B Pathway (2018)

Accumulating evidence suggests that <i>Propionibacterium acnes</i> (<i>P. acnes</i>) is a novel pathogenic factor promoting intervertebral disc degeneration (IVDD). However, the underlying mechanisms by which <i>P. acnes</i> induces IVDD have been unclear. In this study, we quantified the severity of IVDD, as well as the expressions of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS)/nitric oxide (NO) and cyclooxygenase (COX-2)/prostaglandin (PGE<sub>2</sub>) in human intervertebral discs (IVDs) infected with <i>P. acnes</i>. Compared with <i>P. acnes</i>-negative IVDs, <i>P. acnes</i>-positive IVDs showed increased iNOS/NO and COX-2/PGE<sub>2</sub> activity concomitant with more severe IVDD. In order to detect the potential correlation between iNOS/NO expression, COX-2/PGE<sub>2</sub> expression, and IVDD, we developed a <i>P. acnes</i>-induced IVDD rat model and found that the upregulation of iNOS/NO and COX-2/PGE<sub>2</sub> was essential to the occurrence of <i>P. acnes</i>-induced IVDD. This finding was supported by the fact that the inhibition of iNOS/NO and COX-2/PGE<sub>2</sub> activity ameliorated IVDD significantly, as evidenced by restored aggrecan and collagen II expression both <i>in vivo</i> and <i>in vitro</i>. Mechanistically, we found that <i>P. acnes</i> induced iNOS/NO and COX-2/PGE<sub>2</sub> expressions via a reactive oxygen species- (ROS-) dependent NF-<i>κ</i>B cascade. Furthermore, NADPH oxidase participated in <i>P. acnes</i>-induced ROS, iNOS/NO, and COX-2/PGE<sub>2</sub> expressions. Overall, these findings further validated the involvement of <i>P. acnes</i> in the pathology of IVDD and provided evidence that <i>P. acnes</i>-induced iNOS/NO and COX-2/PGE<sub>2</sub> activation via the ROS-dependent NF-<i>κ</i>B pathway is likely responsible for the pathology of IVDD.
Altered Responsiveness to Cocaine and Increased Immobility in the Forced Swim Test Associated with Elevated cAMP Response Element-Binding Protein Expression in Nucleus Accumbens (2001)

Drugs of abuse regulate the transcription factor cAMP response element-binding protein (CREB) in striatal regions, including the nucleus accumbens (NAc). To explore how regulation of CREB in the NAc affects behavior, we used herpes simplex virus (HSV) vectors to elevate CREB expression in this region or to overexpress a dominant-negative mutant CREB (mCREB) that blocks CREB function. Rats treated with HSV-mCREB in place conditioning studies spent more time in environments associated with cocaine, indicating increased cocaine reward. Conversely, rats treated with HSV-CREB spent less time in cocaine-associated environments, indicating increased cocaine aversion. Studies in which drug-environment pairings were varied to coincide with either the early or late effects of cocaine suggest that CREB-associated place aversions reflect increased cocaine withdrawal. Because cocaine withdrawal can be accompanied by symptoms of depression, we examined how altered CREB function in the NAc affects behavior in the forced swim test (FST). Elevated CREB expression increased immobility in the FST, an effect that is opposite to that caused by standard antidepressants and is consistent with a link between CREB and dysphoria. Conversely, overexpression of mCREB decreased immobility, an effect similar to that caused by antidepressants. Moreover, the kappa opioid receptor antagonist nor-Binaltorphimine decreased immobility in HSV-CREB- and HSV-mCREB-treated rats, suggesting that CREB-mediated induction of dynorphin (an endogenous kappa receptor ligand) contributes to immobility behavior in the FST. Exposure to the FST itself dramatically increased CREB function in the NAc. These findings raise the possibility that CREB-mediated transcription within the NAc regulates dysphoric states.
Optimization Models of Tool Path Problem for CNC Sheet Metal Cutting Machines (2016)

The problem of tool path optimization for CNC sheet metal cutting equipment is considered. Sheet metal cutting equipment includes laser/plasma/gas/water-jet machines and some others. Users of CAD/CAM systems develop numerical control programs for the cutting equipment after nesting of parts onto the sheet. The control programs contain information about tool path. The tool path is a routing of cutter head used for cutting of sheet material. Classification and the correspondent mathematical models of tool path problem are considered. The tasks of cost/time minimization for various types of cutting techniques are formalized. Mathematical formalization of technological constraints for these tasks is also described. Unlike the known analogs this formalization allows to consider constraints of thermal cutting. In some cases the optimization tasks can be interpreted as discrete optimization problem (generalized travel salesman problem with additional constraints, GTSP). In paper also the developed exact algorithm and some heuristic algorithms of tool path optimization based on described models is reported. Results of computing experiments for some instances are given © 2016
Selective and blanket liquid phase deposition of silicon dioxide on silicon nitride and tungsten silicide (2003)

In the conventional process of liquid phase deposition, silicon dioxide cannot be deposited on silicon nitride and tungsten silicide substrates. In the present study, this limitation is removed by adding aqueous ammonia to the hydrofluorosilicic acid source. A selective or blanket deposition can be controlled. The deposition rate is also enhanced.
The safety of calcium-channel blockers. (1998)

Calcium-channel blockers are widely used as an effective treatment for hypertension and angina. Several studies have raised questions about their safety, suggesting that calcium-channel blockers can increase the rates of myocardial infarction (MI) and death, particularly in patients with heart disease. Reviews of these studies have uncovered serious methodological shortcomings or have found them restricted to short-acting drugs, frequently at high doses or used inappropriately. One study was based on old data regarding only short-acting nifedipine, which has never been indicated for patients who have suffered an MI or unstable angina. A case-control study of short-acting verapamil, diltiazem, and nifedipine suggested an increased MI rate was confounded by the higher rates of diabetes and preexisting heart disease in the patients treated with calcium-channel blockers. A third study reported significantly decreased survival only in patients taking short-acting nifedipine; in most of the cases reported, blood pressure was not controlled. While these studies alert us to the limitations of short-acting calcium-channel blockers and the necessity of considering side effects such as neurohormonal stimulation, a number of more recent, better-controlled studies have not confirmed increased risk with calcium-channel blockers when appropriately employed. Calcium-channel blockers should still be considered first-line therapy in appropriately selected patients with hypertension or angina.
Protection of distribution networks in presence of DG using Distribution Automation System capabilities (2008)

Using distributed generation (DG) is an interesting topic that has drawn attention of electrical engineers to itself in recent years. Presence of these generation units in distribution systems, although has many advantages and benefits, has to be applied after performing detailed studies and investigations due to their complexities in operation, control and protection of network. One of the most considerable problems that arises, when DGs are used, is destructing efficiency and qualification of the existing protection system. The injected currents of DGs to a distribution network lead to not having a radial network any more, and consequently cause the network faces an inefficient protection system that was formerly designed according to the existing philosophy behind the distribution network. In this paper, a new protection scheme has been presented to provide the distribution networks including DGs. The new approach, designed based on capabilities of distribution automation system (DAS), has been implemented using a computer-based relay which is installed in the sub-transmission substation. As case study, the proposed scheme has been assessed using a MATLAB based developed software on a real distribution network.
A Graph-Based Security Framework for Securing Industrial IoT Networks From Vulnerability Exploitations (2018)

Industrial IoT (IIoT) refers to the application of IoT in industrial management to improve the overall operational efficiency. With IIoT that accelerates the industrial automation process by enrolling thousands of IoT devices, strong security foundations are to be deployed befitting the distributed connectivity and constrained functionalities of the IoT devices. Recent years witnessed severe attacks exploiting the vulnerabilities in the devices of IIoT networks. Moreover, attackers can use the relations among the vulnerabilities to penetrate deep into the network. This paper addresses the security issues in IIoT network because of the vulnerabilities existing in its devices. As graphs are efficient in representing relations among entities, we propose a graphical model representing the vulnerability relations in the IIoT network. This helps to formulate the security issues in the network as graph-theoretic problems. The proposed model acts as a security framework for the risk assessment of the network. Furthermore, we propose a set of risk mitigation strategies to improve the overall security of the network. The strategies include detection and removal of the attack paths with high risk and low hop-length. We also discuss a method to identify the strongly connected vulnerabilities referred as hot-spots. A use-case is discussed and various security parameters are evaluated. The simulation results with graphs of different sizes and structures are presented for the performance evaluation of the proposed techniques against the changing dynamics of the IIoT networks.