gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Abstract B60: Targeting the polyamine addiction of pancreatic cancers: Combination therapies and biomarkers (2016)

Abstract This project developed a combination therapy which inhibits both polyamine transport and biosynthesis in an effort to target the polyamine addiction of pancreatic cancers. Several parameters were measured in six human pancreatic cell lines (L3.6pl, Panc-1, BxPC3, AsPC-1, Capan-1 and HPNE) and one murine line (Pan02). These included the kinetics of 3H-spermidine uptake (Vmax and Km values), the 72h IC50 value for difluoromethylornithine (DFMO, an inhibitor of polyamine biosynthesis), and the ability of exogenous spermidine to rescue the viability of DFMO-treated cells. DFMO has a mixed clinical history and cancers often escape DFMO via polyamine import. Three polyamine transport inhibitors (PTIs) were evaluated for their ability to block the uptake of exogenous spermidine into DFMO-treated pancreatic cancer cells (via EC50 values). The combination therapy (DFMO+PTI) was shown to effectively block spermidine import in vitro and improved survival times in an orthotopic mouse model. Basal c-Myc and ATP13A3 protein expression were shown to track well with polyamine transport activity (Vmax) in untreated cell lines. In the presence of DFMO, both polyamine transport activity and ATP13A3 protein expression of L3.6pl cells were increased, whereas c-Myc protein expression decreased. This suggested that ATP13A3 may be involved in the DFMO-stimulated polyamine transport response and was confirmed via siRNA experiments. Using ATP13A3 as a biomarker of polyamine transport, our results could be explained in the context of relative ATP13A3 expression and the caveolin-1 status of each cell line. Cell lines with high ATP13A3 and low Cav-1 had the highest Vmax (e.g., L3.6pl and Panc-1) and could be readily rescued from DFMO by exogenous spermidine (1 µM). In contrast, cells with low ATP13A3 and low Cav-1 expression (i.e., Capan-1 and AsPC-1) gave low Vmax values and could not be rescued from DFMO by exogenous spermidine. BxPC3 cells were found to have high ATP13A3 and high Cav-1 expression and were found to be poorly rescued by exogenous spermidine in the presence of DFMO. In summary, the combination therapy of DFMO+PTI was shown to effectively deplete pancreatic cancers of intracellular polyamines and holds great promise as a potential therapy. The discovery of ATP13A3 as a polyamine transport protein is very significant as there are few proteins identified for this pathway and this marker (along with Cav-1 status) could be used to stratify patients in ongoing DFMO trials. In this regard, the DFMO+PTI approach represents a potential catch-all therapy for tumors addicted to polyamine metabolites. Citation Format: Otto Phanstiel, IV, Meenu Madan, Arjun Patel, Kristen Skruber, Deborah A. Altomare.{Authors}. Targeting the polyamine addiction of pancreatic cancers: Combination therapies and biomarkers. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Special Conference on Pancreatic Cancer: Advances in Science and Clinical Care; 2016 May 12-15; Orlando, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2016;76(24 Suppl):Abstract nr B60.
Generation and control of adaptive gaits in lower-limb exoskeletons for motion assistance (2014)

Lower-limb exoskeletons and powered orthoses in gait assistance applications for patients with locomotive disorders possess the potential to significantly affect society in the near future. This paper presents the primary features of a lower-limb exoskeleton under development as an active orthosis to enable paralysed children to walk. Because these patients are unable to move their limbs, the device generates their basic motions in everyday life, e.g. standing up, sitting down and stable ambulation. Novel features of this prototype include synergic biarticular actuation in the ankle, a compliance controller based on the force measured using insoles and the definition of parameterised hip and foot trajectories that facilitate the adaptation of gait characteristics. The improved gait performance that results from the proposed approach was experimentally validated.
Enantioselective Organocatalytic Aminomethylation of Aldehydes:  A Role for Ionic Interactions and Efficient Access to β<sup>2</sup>-Amino Acids (2006)

Organocatalytic Mannich addition of aldehydes to a formaldehyde-derived iminium species catalyzed by proline-derived chiral pyrrolidines provides beta-amino aldehydes with >/=90% ee. Mechanistic analysis of the proline-catalyzed reactions suggests that non-hydrogen-bonded ionic interactions at the Mannich reaction transition state can influence stereochemical outcome. The beta-amino aldehydes from our process bear a substituent adjacent to the carbonyl and can be efficiently converted to protected beta2-amino acids, which are important building blocks for beta-peptide foldamers that display useful biological activities.
Autocrine Complement Inhibits IL10-Dependent T-cell–Mediated Antitumor Immunity to Promote Tumor Progression (2016)

Our data suggest novel strategies to enhance immunotherapies: a combined blockade of complement signaling by antagonists to C3aR, C5aR, and anti-PD-1 to enhance anti-PD-1 efficacy; a targeted IL10 delivery to CD8(+) TILs using anti-PD-1-IL10 or anti-CTLA4-IL10 fusion proteins; and the addition of IL10 in TIL expansion for adoptive cellular therapy. Cancer Discov; 6(9); 1022-35. ©2016 AACR.See related commentary by Peng et al., p. 953This article is highlighted in the In This Issue feature, p. 932.
Inhibition of the alternative complement pathway preserves photoreceptors after retinal injury (2015)

Degeneration of photoreceptors is a primary cause of vision loss worldwide, making the underlying mechanisms surrounding photoreceptor cell death critical to developing new treatment strategies. Retinal detachment, characterized by the separation of photoreceptors from the underlying retinal pigment epithelium, is a sight-threatening event that can happen in a number of retinal diseases. The detached photoreceptors undergo apoptosis and programmed necrosis. Given that photoreceptors are nondividing cells, their loss leads to irreversible visual impairment even after successful retinal reattachment surgery. To better understand the underlying disease mechanisms, we analyzed innate immune system regulators in the vitreous of human patients with retinal detachment and correlated the results with findings in a mouse model of retinal detachment. We identified the alternative complement pathway as promoting early photoreceptor cell death during retinal detachment. Photoreceptors down-regulate membrane-bound inhibitors of complement, allowing for selective targeting by the alternative complement pathway. When photoreceptors in the detached retina were removed from the primary source of oxygen and nutrients (choroidal vascular bed), the retina became hypoxic, leading to an up-regulation of complement factor B, a key mediator of the alternative pathway. Inhibition of the alternative complement pathway in knockout mice or through pharmacological means ameliorated photoreceptor cell death during retinal detachment. Our current study begins to outline the mechanism by which the alternative complement pathway facilitates photoreceptor cell death in the damaged retina.
Soft input decoder for high‐rate generalised concatenated codes (2018)

Generalised concatenated (GC) codes are well suited for error correction in flash memories for high‐reliability data storage. The GC codes are constructed from inner extended binary Bose–Chaudhuri–Hocquenghem (BCH) codes and outer Reed–Solomon codes. The extended BCH codes enable high‐rate GC codes and low‐complexity soft input decoding. This work proposes a decoder architecture for high‐rate GC codes. For such codes, outer error and erasure decoding are mandatory. A pipelined decoder architecture is proposed that achieves a high data throughput with hard input decoding. In addition, a low‐complexity soft input decoder is proposed. This soft decoding approach combines a bit‐flipping strategy with algebraic decoding. The decoder components for the hard input decoding can be utilised which reduces the overhead for the soft input decoding. Nevertheless, the soft input decoding achieves a significant coding gain compared with hard input decoding.
Compression of encrypted three-dimensional objects using digital holography (2004)

We present the results of applying data compression techniques to encrypted three-dimensional objects. The objects are captured using phase-shift digital holography and encrypted using a random phase mask in the Fresnel domain. Lossy quantization is combined with lossless coding techniques to quantify compression ratios. Lossless compression alone applied to the encrypted holographic data achieves compression ratios lower than 1.05. When combined with quantization and an integer encoding scheme, this rises to between 12 and 65 (depending on the hologram chosen and the method of measuring compression ratio), with good decryption and reconstruction quality. Our techniques are suitable for a range of secure three-dimensional object storage and transmission applications.
Synthesis of benzothiophene-based hydroxamic acids as potent and selective HDAC6 inhibitors (2015)

A small library of 3-[(4-hydroxycarbamoylphenyl)aminomethyl]benzothiophenes was prepared and assessed as a novel class of HDAC6 inhibitors, leading to the identification of three representatives as potent and selective HDAC6 inhibitors. Further tests with regard to inflammatory responses indicated that HDAC6 inhibition can be uncoupled from transcriptional inhibition at the level of activated NF-κB, AP-1, and GR.
A new angle into time-resolved photoacoustic spectroscopy: A layered prism cell increases experimental flexibility (1998)

A new pulsed photoacoustic calorimetry cell that uses transmission of light through a pair of dovetail prisms is discussed. The layered prism cell (LPC) combines the enhanced time-resolution capabilities of the “layered” front-face irradiation geometry with the zero-background and broadband flexibility of the classical cuvette geometry. This work provides a phenomenological description of photoinduced pressure changes to yield an analytical expression to calculate the magnitude of the photoinduced acoustic pressure wave in a series of solvents. The mechanical to electrical conversion efficiency for an ultrasonic transducer coupled to the LPC is presented to provide a comparison of the experimentally observed photoinduced acoustic signal amplitudes to the empirically calculated acoustic signal amplitudes. An analysis of the background signals due to absorption and electrostriction of the media provides insight into the issues of sensitivity and limitations of pulsed photoacoustic experiments. The LPC provides several benefits to increase the flexibility of the photoacoustic spectroscopy: (1) greater sensitivity, (2) enhanced time resolution, and (3) the ability to obtain kinetic data in complex solvent mixtures. Under optically dilute conditions in the layered cell geometry, the acoustic transient time, τa, approaches zero because the photoinduced acoustic wave homogeneously expands against the walls of the photoacoustic cell. To demonstrate the unique capabilities of the LPC, rates of hydrogen abstraction by tert-butoxyl radical from solvent mixtures containing ethyl and methyl alcohol are presented.
Reduction in the Modulus of Elasticity in Orthodontic Wires (1977)

The modulus of elasticity of stainless steel orthodontic wires was found to be 20% below the normally assumed range of 19.3 to 20.0 x 10(4) MPa (28.0 to 29.0 x 10(6) psi). Use of the latter value can result in significant computational errors in orthodontic applicance mechanics. The lower modulus was attributed to severe cold drawing.
In situ particle size measurements using a two-color laser scattering technique (1986)

We have developed a technique using light scattered from individual particles in the near-forward direction to measure particle size in the range of 10-200 microm. This technique uses the Mie scattering theory to relate the measured light intensity to particle size based on calibration techniques employing pinholes and water droplets of known size. We have applied a unique two-color optical arrangement to minimize the edge effect which can cause incorrect size measurements for particles that pass through the edge of the laser beam focal volume. In this paper we describe our experimental technique and the results of size measurements obtained with this technique for water droplets and pulverized coal particles.
Improving the Address Translation Performance of Widely Shared Pages (1995)

Operating systems allow multiple processes to share physical objects, e.g., shared libraries, System V shared memory. Many UNIX implementations allow processes to use different virtual addresses to map a shared physical page, known as aliases. Each alias traditionally requires separate page table and translation lookaside buffer (TLB) entries that contain identical translation information. In systems with many aliases, this results in significant memory demand for storing page tables and unnecessary TLB misses on context switches. This paper first describes a common-mask scheme that allows translations from many different virtual address spaces to the same physical address to share a single translation entry. It extends the process context id with a bit vector that identifies a set of common regions that a process shares with other processes. It requires aliases to use the same virtual address, but aliases with different virtual addresses are still supported in the conventional manner...
The Pros and Cons of Compressive Sensing for Wideband Signal Acquisition: Noise Folding versus Dynamic Range (2012)

Compressive sensing (CS) exploits the sparsity present in many signals to reduce the number of measurements needed for digital acquisition. With this reduction would come, in theory, commensurate reductions in the size, weight, power consumption, and/or monetary cost of both signal sensors and any associated communication links. This paper examines the use of CS in the design of a wideband radio receiver in a noisy environment. We formulate the problem statement for such a receiver and establish a reasonable set of requirements that a receiver should meet to be practically useful. We then evaluate the performance of a CS-based receiver in two ways: via a theoretical analysis of its expected performance, with a particular emphasis on noise and dynamic range, and via simulations that compare the CS receiver against the performance expected from a conventional implementation. On the one hand, we show that CS-based systems that aim to reduce the number of acquired measurements are somewhat sensitive to signal noise, exhibiting a 3 dB SNR loss per octave of subsampling, which parallels the classic noise-folding phenomenon. On the other hand, we demonstrate that since they sample at a lower rate, CS-based systems can potentially attain a significantly larger dynamic range. Hence, we conclude that while a CS-based system has inherent limitations that do impose some restrictions on its potential applications, it also has attributes that make it highly desirable in a number of important practical settings.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of 2‐Phenylthiazolidine Derivatives as Cardiotonic Agents. Part 3. Optically Active Isomers of N‐Methyl‐2‐(2‐(2‐(4‐phenylpiperazino)ethoxy)phenyl)thiazolidine‐3‐carboxamides. (1987)

Abstract The racemate (I) is coupled with the optically active pyrrolidinecarboxylic chloride (L)‐(II), producing the diastereomers (III), together with the aldehyde (IV).
Properties of hydrogenated amorphous silicon produced at high temperature (1992)

A comprehensive study of hydrogenated amorphous silicon (a‐Si:H) deposited by hot wire and conventional glow discharge suggests that temperatures above the so called optimum 250 °C substrate temperature can produce device‐quality films. These films show enhanced transport properties and improved structural order. In addition we show that hot wire material can be produced with just as many hydrogen atoms as are needed to passivate most of the dangling bonds present in unhydrogenated a‐Si:H.
The luminance resolution characteristics of multi‐primary‐color display (2011)

Abstract— In this paper, the resolution characteristics of multi‐primary‐color (MPC) display systems are analyzed. That four‐primary‐color (4PC) displays can increase the effective resolution for achromatic images in the luminance domain by a factor of two as compared to conventional RGB‐based displays with MPC‐specialized subpixel rendering, which is proposed in this paper, is demonstrated. Five‐ and six‐primary‐color (5PC and 6PC) display systems can reproduce denser luminance data than conventional RGB‐based display systems and solve a problem of MPC displays, viz. an increase of production costs and a decrease in the aperture ratio caused by increasing the number of subpixels in one pixel. This is an essential advantage of MPC display systems, which is related to the combination of the proposed color‐filter architecture and image processing. Thus, a completely new advantage of MPC display systems, in addition to their well‐known capabilities of color reproduction and power saving, is proposed.
Passive Assembly of Non-Axisymmetric Rigid Parts (1994)

Abstract This paper addresses automatic assembly with passive rather than active compliant devices. Previous work has shown that in an ideal manufacturing environment three assembly primitives (prismatic insertions, threaded fits and general path insertions) exhibit a high level of difficulty. None of these are reliably assemblable under sensor-based force control or with an ordinary remote center compliance (RCC) device. In this paper, we extend the science of part mating and apply dexterity theory to synthesize a passive assembly device for precision fits of three-dimensional prismatic parts. This Spatial Remote Center Compliance (SRCC) obviates sensor-based and force control approaches to precision assembly of non-axisymmetric parts.
Integrated lithium niobate electro-optic modulators: when performance meets scalability (2021)

Electro-optic modulators (EOMs) convert signals from the electrical to the optical domain. They are at the heart of optical communication, microwave signal processing, sensing, and quantum technologies. Next-generation EOMs require high-density integration, low cost, and high performance simultaneously, which are difficult to achieve with established integrated photonics platforms. Thin-film lithium niobate (LN) has recently emerged as a strong contender owing to its high intrinsic electro-optic (EO) efficiency, industry-proven performance, robustness, and, importantly, the rapid development of scalable fabrication techniques. The thin-film LN platform inherits nearly all the material advantages from the legacy bulk LN devices and amplifies them with a smaller footprint, wider bandwidths, and lower power consumption. Since the first adoption of commercial thin-film LN wafers only a few years ago, the overall performance of thin-film LN modulators is already comparable with, if not exceeding, the performance of the best alternatives based on mature platforms such as silicon and indium phosphide, which have benefited from many decades of research and development. In this mini-review, we explain the principles and technical advances that have enabled state-of-the-art LN modulator demonstrations. We discuss several approaches, their advantages and challenges. We also outline the paths to follow if LN modulators are to improve further, and we provide a perspective on what we believe their performance could become in the future. Finally, as the integrated LN modulator is a key subcomponent of more complex photonic functionalities, we look forward to exciting opportunities for larger-scale LN EO circuits beyond single components.
<title>Evanescent wave sensor using microsphere whispering-gallery modes</title> (2000)

The high Q of a microsphere whispering-gallery mode allows for sensitive resonant detection of atoms or molecules. The species being detected absorbs energy from the mode's evanescent field. It can be identified by knowing the resonant wavelength of the driving laser, and its concentration can be determined from the absorption signal on the light in reflection or transmission. High sensitivity results from the long effective absorption path length provided by the whispering-gallery mode's large Q. There are many possible implementations of and applications for such a sensor; several of each are described herein. In particular, for atmospheric trace-gas sensing, the microsphere has the potential to rival the performance of the multipass cell, but in a much more compact and rugged system. Our construction of a prototype system for detection of carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide, and ammonia is described.
Improving Virtual Reality Streaming using HTTP/2 (2017)

The demand for 360° Virtual Reality (VR) videos is expected to grow in the near future, thanks to the diffusion of VR headsets. VR Streaming is however challenged by the high bandwidth requirements of 360° videos. To save bandwidth, we spatially tile the video using the H.265 standard and stream only tiles in view at the highest quality. The video is also temporally segmented, so that each temporal segment is composed of several spatial tiles. In order to minimize quality transitions when the user moves, an algorithm is developed to predict where the user is likely going to watch in the near future. Consequently, predicted tiles are also streamed at the highest quality. Finally, the server push in HTTP/2 is used to deliver the tiled video. Only one request is sent from the client; all the tiles of a segment are automatically pushed from the server. This approach results in a better bandwidth utilization and video quality compared to traditional streaming over HTTP/1.1, where each tile has to be requested independently by the client. We showcase the benefits of our framework using a prototype developed on a Samsung Galaxy S7 and a Gear VR, which supports both tiled and non-tiled videos and streaming over HTTP/1.1 and HTTP/2. Under limited bandwidth conditions, we demonstrate how our framework can improve the quality watched by the user compared to a non-tiled solution where all of the video is streamed at the same quality. This result represents a major improvement for the efficient streaming of VR videos.