gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Compact Unidirectional Ring Dielectric Resonator Antennas With Lateral Radiation (2015)

A compact unidirectional ring dielectric resonator (DR) antenna (DRA) with lateral radiation patterns is investigated for the first time. The unidirectional patterns are obtained by combining an equivalent horizontal magnetic dipole of the DR HEM <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">11δ+1</sub> mode and a vertical electric dipole located at the center of the DR. A wideband version of the design is also investigated, in which the higher-order DR HEM <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">11δ+2</sub> mode is excited and merged with a slot mode to give a wideband magnetic dipole. The wideband electric dipole is obtained by making use of the parasitic effect of the DR. To demonstrate the idea, the original and wideband DRAs were designed in WLAN (2.40-2.48 GHz) and WiMax (3.4-3.7 GHz) bands, respectively. Their prototypes were fabricated and measured, and reasonable agreement between the measured and simulated results was obtained. In each design, the measured and simulated front-to-back radiation ratios are both over 15 dB, with measured and simulated 3-dB beamwidths of at least 117°.
Dual‐Function CXCR4 Antagonist Polyplexes To Deliver Gene Therapy and Inhibit Cancer Cell Invasion (2012)

Giving a one-two punch: A bicyclam-based biodegradable polycation with CXCR4 antagonistic activity shows potential for combining cancer chemotherapy with gene therapy or siRNA therapy. This dual-function polycation prevents cancer cell invasion by inhibiting CXCL12-stimulated CXCR4 activation (see scheme), while at the same time efficiently and safely delivering therapeutic DNA into cancer cells.
Efficient keyword search for smallest LCAs in XML databases (2005)

Keyword search is a proven, user-friendly way to query HTML documents in the World Wide Web. We propose keyword search in XML documents, modeled as labeled trees, and describe corresponding efficient algorithms. The proposed keyword search returns the set of trees containing all keywords, where a tree is designated as smallest if it contains no tree that also contains all keywords. Our core contribution, the Indexed Lookup Eager algorithm, exploits key properties of trees in order to outperform prior algorithms by orders of magnitude when the query contains keywords with significantly different frequencies. The Scan Eager variant is tuned for the case where the keywords have similar frequencies. We analytically and experimentally evaluate two variants of the Eager algorithm, along with the Stack algorithm [13]. We also present the XKSearch system, which utilizes the Indexed Lookup Eager, Scan Eager and Stack algorithms and a demo of which on DBLP data is available at http://www.db.ucsd.edu/projects/xksearch. Finally, we extend the Indexed Lookup Eager algorithm to answer Lowest Common Ancestor (LCA) queries.
Producing vapor grown carbon fibers with high sulfur coal without SO{sub 2} emissions (1995)

This paper describes the development of a unique process that produces a highly graphitic, vapor grown carbon fiber (VGCF) from the gas phase in pound quantities. Past vapor grown carbon fiber progress has stagnated because the iron catalyst did not grow filaments profusely enough to make a practical continuous reactor. It has been found that by adding H{sub 2}S at an equimolar level with the iron catalyst, the filament formation vastly increases. Coal is desirable as a sulfur source, for it eliminates the need for handling toxic H{sub 2}S, and it is a very low cost hydrocarbon supply for the process. We show that Ohio, high-sulfur coal containing 2.5 to 4.6% sulfur accomplishes both tasks. Furthermore, there is evidence that the sulfur from the coal remains with the carbon fiber catalyst during the reaction and does not exhaust as SO{sub 2} into the atmosphere.
A small molecule Inauhzin inhibits SIRT1 activity and suppresses tumour growth through activation of p53 (2012)

Although ∼50% of all types of human cancers harbour wild-type TP53, this p53 tumour suppressor is often deactivated through a concerted action by its abnormally elevated suppressors, MDM2, MDMX or SIRT1. Here, we report a novel small molecule Inauhzin (INZ) that effectively reactivates p53 by inhibiting SIRT1 activity, promotes p53-dependent apoptosis of human cancer cells without causing apparently genotoxic stress. Moreover, INZ stabilizes p53 by increasing p53 acetylation and preventing MDM2-mediated ubiquitylation of p53 in cells, though not directly in vitro. Remarkably, INZ inhibits cell proliferation, induces senescence and tumour-specific apoptosis, and represses the growth of xenograft tumours derived from p53-harbouring H460 and HCT116 cells without causing apparent toxicity to normal tissues and the tumour-bearing SCID mice. Hence, our study unearths INZ as a novel anti-cancer therapeutic candidate that inhibits SIRT1 activity and activates p53.
Image processing for automated erythrocyte classification. (1976)

Digital image processing and pattern recognition techniques were applied to determine the feasibility of a natural n-space subgrouping of normal and abnormal peripheral blood erythrocytes into well separated categories. The data consisted of 325 digitized red cells from 11 different cell classes. The analysis resulted in five features: (a) size, (b) roundness, (c) spicularity, (d) eccentricity and (e) central gray level distribution. These features separated the data into six distinct condensed subgroups of red cells. Each subgroup consisted of morphologically similar cells: (a) macrocytes, (b) normocytes, (c) schistocytes, acanthocytes and burr cells, (d) microcytes and spherocytes, (e) elliptocytes, sickle cells and pencil forms and (f) target cells. The concept of a quantitative "red cell differential" was introduced, utilizing these subgroup definitions to establish subpopulations of red cells, with quantifiable indices for the diagnosis of anemia, at the specimen level.
Elongation Factor 2 as a Novel Target for Selective Inhibition of Fungal Protein Synthesis (1998)

Elongation factor 2 (EF2) is an essential protein catalyzing ribosomal translocation during protein synthesis and is highly conserved in all eukaryotes. It is largely interchangeable in translation systems reconstituted from such divergent organisms as human, wheat, and fungi. We have identified the sordarins as selective inhibitors of fungal protein synthesis acting via a specific interaction with EF2 despite the high degree of amino acid sequence homology exhibited by EF2s from various eukaryotes. In vitro reconstitution assays using purified components from human, yeast, and plant cells demonstrate that sordarin sensitivity is dependent on fungal EF2. Genetic analysis of sordarin-resistant mutants of Saccharomyces cerevisiae shows that resistance to the inhibitor is linked to the genes EFT1 and EFT2 that encode EF2. Sordarin blocks ribosomal translocation by stabilizing the fungal EF2-ribosome complex in a manner similar to that of fusidic acid. The fungal specificity of the sordarins, along with a detailed understanding of its mechanism of action, make EF2 an attractive antifungal target. These findings are of particular significance due to the need for new antifungal agents.
Fully electronically programmable complex filter for multistandard applications (2013)

This work presents an improved design of the current amplifier based optimal complex filter providing fully electronically programmable characteristics. It extends the tuning features to include the pole frequency and the gain in addition to the center frequency. The new solution avoids the employment of capacitor and/or resistor banks leading to a more compact design solution while maintaining comparable power consumption. Simulation results obtained from a 0.18μm standard CMOS process show that the proposed design can be used to accommodate several short range communication applications such as Bluetooth and ZigBee, as well as several mobile TV standards such as Integrated Services Digital Broadcasting-Terrestrial (ISDB-T) and Terrestrial Digital Multimedia Broadcasting (T-DMB). Performance characteristics of proposed design in terms of dynamic range and image rejection ratios are also provided.
N-Methylcysteine-mediated total chemical synthesis of ubiquitin thioester (2010)

Ubiquitin thioester is a key intermediate in the ubiquitylation of proteins and is formed enzymatically through the activation of alpha-COOH of ubiquitin in an ATP dependent manner using the E1 enzyme. The current methods used for the preparation of ubiquitin thioester rely on either the enzymatic machinery or on expressed protein ligation technology. In this article, we report a new chemical strategy, combining native chemical ligation and N-methylcysteine containing peptides, to chemically prepare ubiquitin thioester for the first time. The N-methylcysteine is utilized as an N-->S acyl transfer device, and in its protected form serves as a latent thioester functionality. This enabled us to trigger the formation of ubiquitin thioester subsequent to the assembly of the ubiquitin polypeptide via native chemical ligation. The synthetic ubiquitin thioester showed a similar behavior in peptide ubiquitylation to the one obtained via expression. This approach should allow for higher flexibility in the chemical manipulation of ubiquitin thioester in a wide variety of ubiquitylated peptides and proteins for structural and biochemical analysis and for the synthesis of ubiquitin chains.
Quantitative visualisation of the continuous whole-field stress evolution in complex pore structures using photoelastic testing and 3D printing methods (2018)

Providing a quantitative description of the whole-field stress evolution in complex structures subjected to continuous loading processes using traditional photoelastic approaches is a significant challenge because of the difficulties with fabricating complex structures, identifying the stress distribution and evolution, and unwrapping isochromatic phase maps. To overcome the challenges, we proposed a novel method to quantify the continuous whole-field stress evolution in a complex porous structure that was fabricated with 3D printing technology. The stress fringes were identified by analysing a series of continuous frames extracted from a video recording of the fringe changes and determining the valleys of the light intensity change curve over the entire loading process. The experimental data were compared with the numerical results of the complex model with identical pore geometries, physical properties, and loading conditions to evaluate the accuracy and effectiveness of the method. In principle, the applicability of the reported method for identifying and unwrapping the continuous whole-field stress is not affected by the complexity of a structure.
A systematic coupling balance scheme to enhance amplitude and phase matches for long traveling multi-phase signals (2017)

This paper presents a systematic coupling balance technique to enhance signal matches for long traveling N-pair differential signals. The analysis is conducted on 2N lines with closed-form expressions to indicate the three causes of mismatches. Then, a systematic method is presented to address the three factors to realize balanced coupling for signal matches by using twisting schemes. The effectiveness of this technique is demonstrated on FR4 printed-circuit board (PCB) for I Q traces, which shows great suppression of I Q imbalances with well-matched simulation and measurement results. The bandwidth with 1° mismatch is boosted from 75MHz to 360MHz, or from 135MHz to 680MHz considering the overall effects of the four signals. This technique requires no power consumption or complex circuits or algorithms, and can be extended to high frequencies with the scaling of the structure size.
Genome-wide association across Saccharomyces cerevisiae strains reveals substantial variation in underlying gene requirements for toxin tolerance (2018)

Cellulosic plant biomass is a promising sustainable resource for generating alternative biofuels and biochemicals with microbial factories. But a remaining bottleneck is engineering microbes that are tolerant of toxins generated during biomass processing, because mechanisms of toxin defense are only beginning to emerge. Here, we exploited natural diversity in 165 Saccharomyces cerevisiae strains isolated from diverse geographical and ecological niches, to identify mechanisms of hydrolysate-toxin tolerance. We performed genome-wide association (GWA) analysis to identify genetic variants underlying toxin tolerance, and gene knockouts and allele-swap experiments to validate the involvement of implicated genes. In the process of this work, we uncovered a surprising difference in genetic architecture depending on strain background: in all but one case, knockout of implicated genes had a significant effect on toxin tolerance in one strain, but no significant effect in another strain. In fact, whether or not the gene was involved in tolerance in each strain background had a bigger contribution to strain-specific variation than allelic differences. Our results suggest a major difference in the underlying network of causal genes in different strains, suggesting that mechanisms of hydrolysate tolerance are very dependent on the genetic background. These results could have significant implications for interpreting GWA results and raise important considerations for engineering strategies for industrial strain improvement.
In Vitro Suppression as a Tool for the Investigation of Translation Initiation (1997)

An in vitro protein synthesizing system that employs rabbit reticulocyte lysates has been employed for protein production from mRNAs containing nonsense (UAG) codons in the presence of misacylated suppressor tRNAs.The system includes a misacylated Escherichia coli tRNAAlaCUA that functions at least as efficiently as any suppressor tRNA transcript reported to date and which has been shown not to be a substrate for (re)activation by alanyl-tRNA synthetase. Application of the optimized system for preparation of dihydrofolate analogs has also permitted analysis of competing mechanisms that control the sites(s) of translation initiation.
Full‐color transflective cholesteric LCD with image‐enhanced reflector (2004)

Abstract— A full‐color bistable transflective cholesteric liquid‐crystal display (Ch‐LCD) was demonstrated by using an imbedded image‐enhanced reflector (IER) on top of each transmissive subpixel. The RGB colors were achieved by patterning conventional color filters on a black‐and‐white Ch‐LCD. In addition, the IER on top of each transmissive subpixel provides similar paths for the transmissive backlight and the reflected ambient light. A simple transflective Ch‐LCD was demonstrated.
Objective characterization of square-wave jerks in progressive supranuclear palsy patients and healthy volunteers (2010)

The eyes do not stay perfectly still during visual fixation. Fixational eye movements and saccadic intrusions continuously change the position of the gaze. Here we focus on the most common type of saccadic intrusion: square-wave jerks (SWJs). SWJs are characterized by one small horizontal saccadic movement that moves the eye away from the fixation target, followed by a corrective saccade towards the target shortly thereafter. SWJs are prevalent in some neurological diseases such as progressive supranuclear palsy (PSP). However, they are also common in normal subjects. We developed an objective algorithm to automatically identify SWJs in PSP patients and normal subjects, during visual fixation of a small target. Our results show that SWJs are common in both PSP patients and normals. However, SWJ rates and magnitudes are larger in the PSP group. Thus the objective characterization of SWJs may provide a powerful new tool in the differential diagnosis of oculomotor disease.
Bearing damage detection via wavelet packet (2003)

Bearing faults are one of the major causes of motor failures. The bearing defects induce vibration resulting in the modulation of the stator current. In this paper, the stator current is analyzed via wavelet packet decomposition to detect beating defects. The proposed method enables the analysis of frequency bands that can accommodate the rotational speed dependence of the beating-defect frequencies. The wavelet packet decomposition also provides a better treatment of nonstationary stator current than currently used Fourier techniques.
Cellobiose Dehydrogenase: A Versatile Catalyst for Electrochemical Applications (2010)

Cellobiose dehydrogenase catalyses the oxidation of aldoses--a simple reaction, a boring enzyme? No, neither for the envisaged bioelectrochemical applications nor mechanistically. The catalytic cycle of this flavocytochrome is complex and modulated by its flexible cytochrome domain, which acts as a built-in redox mediator. This intramolecular electron transfer is modulated by the pH, an adaptation to the environmental conditions encountered or created by the enzyme-producing fungi. The cytochrome domain forms the base from which electrons can jump to large terminal electron acceptors, such as redox proteins, and also enables by that path direct electron transfer from the catalytically active flavodehydrogenase domain to electrode surfaces. The application of electrochemical techniques to the elucidation of the molecular and catalytic properties of cellobiose dehydrogenase is discussed and compared to biochemical methods. The results lead to valuable insights into the function of this cellulose-bound enzyme, but also form the basis of exciting applications in biosensors, biofuel cells and bioelectrocatalysis.
Controlled Rotation of Optically Trapped Microscopic Particles (2001)

We demonstrate controlled rotation of optically trapped objects in a spiral interference pattern. This pattern is generated by interfering an annular shaped laser beam with a reference beam. Objects are trapped in the spiral arms of the pattern. Changing the optical path length causes this pattern, and thus the trapped objects, to rotate. Structures of silica microspheres, microscopic glass rods, and chromosomes are set into rotation at rates in excess of 5 hertz. This technique does not depend on intrinsic properties of the trapped particle and thus offers important applications in optical and biological micromachines.
Degradable Glycine‐Based Photo‐Polymerizable Polyphosphazenes for Use as Scaffolds for Tissue Regeneration (2014)

Photo-polymerizable scaffolds are designed and prepared via short chain poly(organo)phosphazene building blocks bearing glycine allylester moieties. The polyphosphazene was combined with a trifunctional thiol and divinylester in various ratios, followed by thiol-ene photo-polymerization to obtain porous matrices. Degradation studies under aqueous conditions showed increasing rates in correlation with the polyphosphazene content. Preliminary cell studies show the non-cytotoxic nature of the polymers and their degradation products, as well as the cell adhesion and proliferation of adipose-derived stem cells.
Programming the Internal Structure and Stability of Helical Pores Self-Assembled from Dendritic Dipeptides via the Protective Groups of the Peptide (2005)

The synthesis of dendritic dipeptides (4-3,4-3,5)12G2-CH2-X-L-Tyr-L-Ala-OMe with X = Boc, Moc, and Ac; their self-assembly in bulk and in solution; and the structural and retrostructural analysis of their supramolecular helical porous assemblies are reported. The dimensions, structure, internal order, thermal stability of the supramolecular helical pores, and conformations of the dendron and supramolecular dendrimer are programmed by the nature of the protective groups of the dipeptide. The ability of the protective groups to program the structure of the helical pore reveals the simplest design strategy that complements the more complex strategies based on the architecture of the dendron, the stereochemistry, and the structure of the dipeptide.
Statistical Timing and Power Optimization of Architecture and Device for FPGAs (2012)

Process variation in nanometer technology is becoming an important issue for cutting-edge FPGAs with a multimillion gate capacity. Considering both die-to-die and within-die variations in effective channel length, threshold voltage, and gate oxide thickness, we first develop closed-form models of chip-level FPGA leakage and timing variations. Experiments show that the mean and standard deviation computed by our models are within 3% from those computed by Monte Carlo simulation. We also observe that the leakage and timing variations can be up to 3X and 1.9X, respectively. We then derive analytical yield models considering both leakage and timing variations, and use such models to evaluate the performance of FPGA device and architecture considering process variations. Compared to the baseline, which uses the VPR architecture and device setup based on the ITRS roadmap, device and architecture tuning improves leakage yield by 10.4%, timing yield by 5.7%, and leakage and timing combined yield by 9.4%. We also observe that LUT size of 4 gives the highest leakage yield, LUT size of 7 gives the highest timing yield, but LUT size of 5 achieves the maximum leakage and timing combined yield. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first in-depth study on FPGA architecture and device coevaluation considering process variation.
Test and Repair Methodology for FinFET-Based Memories (2015)

FinFET transistors are commonly acknowledged as the most promising technology able to play a crucial role to route the development of rapidly growing modern silicon industry. Embedded memories, based on FinFET transistors, lead to new defect types that can require new embedded test and repair solutions. To investigate FinFET-specific faults, the existing fault models and detection techniques are not enough because of the spatial structure of FinFET transistors. This paper presents the results of the comprehensive study carried out for FinFET-based memories based on a new fault modeling and test algorithm creation strategy. The proposed solution is validated on several real FinFET-based embedded memory technologies.
Non-Contact Fluorescence Optical Tomograpghy with Scanning Area Illumination (2006)

This contribution describes a novel non-contact fluorescence optical tomography scheme which utilizes multiple area illumination patterns, to reduce the illposedness of the inverse problem involved in recovering interior fluorescence yield distribution in biological tissue from boundary fluorescence measurements. Multiple excitation source illumination patterns are simulated by Gaussian beam sources scanning the simulated tissue phantom surface. Area measurements of fluorescence amplitude and phase are collected on the illumination plane. Multiple measurement data sets generated by scanning the excitation sources are processed simultaneously to generate the interior fluorescence distribution in tissue by implementing a dual adaptive finite element based fluorescence tomography algorithm in a parallel framework suitable for multiprocessor computers. Image reconstructions for multiple fluorescent targets (5 mm diameter) embedded in a 512 ml simulated tissue phantom are demonstrated