gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Measurement of Thermal Properties of Perfused Biological Tissue by Transient Heating with Focused Ultrasound (1985)

Recent interest in therapeutic hyperthermia as a cancer treatment modality have shown the need for accurate tissue thermal property values for therapy planning, optimization, and evaluation. Here a transient thermal pulse technique using a focused ultrasound beam as a heat source is decribed for the measurement of the t hermal properties of perfused and non-perfused tissues, in-vivo and in-vitro. Thermal diffusivity measurements were made in a variety of biological tissues, under perfused and non-perfused conditions and found to concur with tabulated values; in addition it is shown that by proper choice of experimental parameters the effect of perfusion may be minimized to obtain intrinsic property values in the presence of perfusion. A .Electrode
miR-22 has a potent anti-tumour role with therapeutic potential in acute myeloid leukaemia (2016)

MicroRNAs are subject to precise regulation and have key roles in tumorigenesis. In contrast to the oncogenic role of miR-22 reported in myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS) and breast cancer, here we show that miR-22 is an essential anti-tumour gatekeeper in de novo acute myeloid leukaemia (AML) where it is significantly downregulated. Forced expression of miR-22 significantly suppresses leukaemic cell viability and growth in vitro, and substantially inhibits leukaemia development and maintenance in vivo. Mechanistically, miR-22 targets multiple oncogenes, including CRTC1, FLT3 and MYCBP, and thus represses the CREB and MYC pathways. The downregulation of miR-22 in AML is caused by TET1/GFI1/EZH2/SIN3A-mediated epigenetic repression and/or DNA copy-number loss. Furthermore, nanoparticles carrying miR-22 oligos significantly inhibit leukaemia progression in vivo. Together, our study uncovers a TET1/GFI1/EZH2/SIN3A/miR-22/CREB-MYC signalling circuit and thereby provides insights into epigenetic/genetic mechanisms underlying the pathogenesis of AML, and also highlights the clinical potential of miR-22-based AML therapy.
Control Design of an Automotive Urea SCR Catalyst (2002)

The leading aftertreatment technologies for NOx removal from the exhaust gas of lean burn engines, Diesels in particular, are urea based Selective Catalytic Reduction (SCR), Lean NOx Traps (LNT) and Active Lean NOx Catalysts (ALNC). It is generally believed that the SCR technique has the potential of providing the best NOx conversion efficiency relative to the other techniques. Nonetheless, it is crucial that the high conversion efficiencies be achieved with a minimum slippage of unreacted ammonia as tail pipe emissions. This necessitates a precise control over the urea injection process. The complex behavior of the catalyst substrate with respect to adsorption and desorption of ammonia in conjunction with a lack of “stored ammonia” sensing capabilities makes the control problem challenging. In this paper we present a model-based control design approach using a lumped parameter model of an SCR system that includes the essential dynamics of the plant. The model includes the adsorption, desorption and surface coverage dynamics, along with the NOx reduction and ammonia oxidation dynamics based on the relevant chemical reaction rates.
79-channel airborne imaging spectrometer (1993)

The European Community and DLR are funding a 79-channel airborne imaging spectrometer (DAIS-7915) to be used for remote sensing applications such as environmental monitoring of land and marine ecosystems, vegetation stress research, agriculture and forestry resource mapping, geological mapping, mineral exploration and supply of data for geographic information systems. The DAIS sensor covers the spectral range from the visible to thermal infrared wavelengths at variable spatial resolutions from 2 - 30 m. Therefore, DAIS can also be used for the investigation of specifications for future airborne and spaceborne optical instruments for specific applications.
Original article Opioid agonist – tachykinin antagonist as a new analgesic with adjuvant anticancer properties (2013)

Opiate analgesics like morphine or fentanyl are the most widely used medicines for relieving severe acute or chronic pain, including cancer pain. Unfortunately, chronic pain treatment is associated with fast development of tolerance that creates the need to escalate the treatment doses. In addition, opiates may stimulate progression of cancer. Therefore, a new type of effective analgesic especially designed for chronic cancer pain treatment is needed. In this paper, a new opioid peptide analogue has been described as a new analgesic. The compound is characterized by very high agonist affinities to MOR and also high, but ten times lower affinity to DOR. Affinity to hNK1 as an antagonist is on the level of C-terminal hexapeptide fragment analogue of Substance P. The compound expressed reasonable antiproliferative properties toward various cancer cells. Interestingly, the peptide did not interfere with the proliferation of fibro-blasts. Therefore, the compound should be considered as a new analgesic for treatment of cancer-related pains with adjuvant anticancer properties which may support cancer treatments.
Highly Stereoselective Synthesis of 2,5-Disubstituted 3-Vinylidene Tetetrahydrofurans via Prins-Type Cyclization (2005)

[reaction: see text]. A novel synthetic methodology for 2,5-disubstituted tetrahydrofurans having an allenyl group at the 3-position via Prins-type cyclization was developed. The reaction led to excellent selectivity and moderate to high yields.
Plasma Etching of Deep High-Aspect Ratio Features Into Silicon Carbide (2017)

This paper reports research performed on developing and optimizing a process recipe for the plasma etching of deep high-aspect ratio features into silicon carbide (SiC) material using an inductively-coupled plasma reactive-ion etch process. We performed a design of experiments (DOE) wherein the etch recipe parameters having the most impact on the etch process were varied over fixed ranges of predetermined values, while the other etch recipe process parameters were unchanged. Subsequently, the etched samples were analyzed so as to quantify the etch outcomes. Using the experimental data collected during the DOE, we then performed multiple regression analysis on this data to determine optimal etch tool parameters in order to achieve desired etch results. We have demonstrated the ability to etch very deep features into silicon carbide of more than 150 microns, having nearly vertical sidewalls and with aspect ratios of over 12 to 1 using the optimized etch process. The ability to fabricate deep high-aspect ratio features into SiC has important implications for a number of micro-electro-mechanical applications, particularly those involving harsh environments. The etch technology developments presented herein are applicable to SiC substrates and material layers in crystalline form, as well as to SiC in polycrystalline or amorphous forms.
Multi-phase coupled and integrated inductors for critical conduction mode totem-pole PFC converter (2017)

Coupled inductor has been widely used in voltage regulator (VR) applications for many years because it can help reducing current ripple and improving transient performance. In this paper, the coupled inductor concept is applied to interleaved totem-pole critical conduction mode (CRM) PFC converter for 6.6kW on board battery charger. The difference between negative coupling and positive coupling will be discussed. The benefit of positive coupling for battery charger will be presented, such as reducing switching frequency range and reducing input differential mode (DM) noise. In addition, balance technique is applied to help minimize common mode (CM) noise. Last but not least, the inductor will be integrated into PCB winding with a little sacrifice on loss. With the inductor integration, the converter can avoid labor intensive production and achieve fully automated manufacture. The analysis is verified by both simulation and experiment.
Modificaciones genéticas en mutantes atoxigénicos de Vibrio cholerae O139 que mejoran sus propiedades como candidatos vacunales (2007)

La hemaglutinina proteasa constituye un locus atractivo para la inserción de genes heterólogos que permitan la identificación de candidatos vacunales de Vibrio cholerae. Un mutante de Vibrio cholerae O139 previamente desprovisto de los genes de CTX¿ fue secuencialmente manipulado mediante técnicas de ingeniería genética para obtener primero, derivados hapA::celA y después, clones con mejores propiedades de bioseguridad mediante una mutación en el gen mshA. La primera de las modificaciones consistió en la inserción del gen celA de Clostridium thermocellum el cual permite, mediante una técnica microbiológica sencilla, la distinción inequívoca del candidato vacunal de las cepas de Vibrio cholerae circulantes en la naturaleza. El gen mshA codifica la subunidad fundamental de la hemaglutinina sensible a manosa, fimbria que constituye el portal de entrada de varios vibrio-fagos, entre ellos VGJ¿,\nel cual es capaz de transportar los genes de la toxina colérica entre diferentes cepas de Vibrio cholerae mediante un mecanismo de transducción especializada altamente eficiente. La caracterización genética de los mutantes se realizó mediante Southern blotting con sondas que reconocen específicamente los genes de interés. Los mutantes así obtenidos mantuvieron el fenotipo de mótiles de sus parentales y un buen nivel de colonización en el modelo del ratón neonato, aspectos esenciales para un candidato vacunal.
Potentiometric Sensors Based on the Inductive Effect on the p<i>K</i><sub>a</sub> of Poly(aniline):  A Nonenzymatic Glucose Sensor (2001)

The use of conjugated polymers for sensor applications continues to be the subject of intense research. In addition to their use as electronic conductors, they have been exploited as active sensing elements by coupling ligands to the backbone. In this approach, binding of an analyte results in physical distortions or changes in electron density, thereby altering conductivity. Poly(aniline), in particular, has received a great deal of attention due to its proton coupled redox chemistry and its resulting pH-dependent properties. For example, poly(aniline) has been used as a pH electrode and has been coupled to reactions that generate or consume protons to create sensors. Herein, we report a new strategy that exploits the inductive effect of reactive substituents on the pK_a of poly(aniline) to produce active sensing elements.
Studies on a High-Compression Technique for Weather Radar Reflectivity Data (2006)

Studies are carried out on a contour-based method for highly compressing voluminous weather radar reflectivity data to optimize the compression and reconstruction parameters. In particular, the effects of the choice of thresholds and the degree of smoothing at encoding and retrieval ends are studied with respect to achievable compression ratios, root-mean-square error of the retrieved contours, and the visual fidelity of the reconstructed reflectivity images. Results are presented for multiple actual Doppler weather radar reflectivity data sets
The curing of epoxy resins with aminophenoxycyclotriphosphazenes (1986)

Abstract Aminophenoxycyclotriphosphazenes have been used as curing agents for epoxy resins. The thermal curing was performed in stages at 120–125 and 175–180°C followed by postcuring at 225°C to give tough brown polymers. The thermal curing reaction was monitored using FTIR and differential scanning calorimetry. Thermogravimetric analysis of the cured resins has shown thermal stability up to 350–340°C. The char yield obtained in nitrogen at 800°C was about 55–42% and in air at 700°C was about 40–32%. Graphite cloth laminates were prepared. The mechanical properties evaluated were found superior to those of commonly used epoxy resin systems. These resins are useful for making fire‐ and heat‐resistant composites, laminates, molded parts, and adhesives.
Optical imaging of single-protein size, charge, mobility, and binding (2020)

Detection and identification of proteins are typically achieved by analyzing protein size, charge, mobility and binding to antibodies, which are critical for biomedical research and disease diagnosis and treatment. Despite the importance, measuring these quantities with one technology and at the single-molecule level has not been possible. Here we tether a protein to a surface with a flexible polymer, drive it into oscillation with an electric field, and image the oscillation with a near field optical imaging method, from which we determine the size, charge, and mobility of the protein. We also measure antibody binding and conformation changes in the protein. The work demonstrates a capability for comprehensive protein analysis and precision protein biomarker detection at the single molecule level.
Boosting image retrieval through aggregating search results based on visual annotations (2008)

Online photo sharing systems, such as Flickr and Picasa, provide a valuable source of human-annotated photos. Textual annotations are used not only to describe the visual content of an image, but also subjective, spatial, temporal and social dimensions, complicating the task of keyword-based search. In this paper we investigate a method that exploits visual annotations, e.g. notes in Flickr, to enhance keyword-based systems retrieval performance. For this purpose we adopt the bag-of-visual-words approach for content-based image retrieval as our baseline. We then apply rank aggregation of the top 25 results obtained with a set of visual annotations that match the keyword-based query. The results on retrieval experiments show significant improvements in retrieval performance when comparing the aggregated approach with our baseline, which also slightly outperforms text-only search. When using a textual filter on the search space in combination with the aggregated approach an additional boost in retrieval performance is observed, which underlines the need for large scale content-based image retrieval techniques to complement the text-based search.
Design, Synthesis, Biological Activity, and Structural Analysis of Novel Des-C-Ring and Aromatic-D-Ring Analogues of 1α,25-Dihydroxyvitamin D<sub>3</sub> (2022)

The toxic calcemic effects of the natural hormone 1α,25-dihydroxyvitamin D<sub>3</sub> (1,25D<sub>3</sub>, 1,25-dihydroxycholecalciferol) in the treatment of hyperproliferative diseases demand the development of highly active and noncalcemic vitamin D analogues. We report the development of two highly active and noncalcemic analogues of 1,25D<sub>3</sub> that lack the C-ring and possess an <i>m</i>-phenylene ring that replaces the natural D-ring. The new analogues (<b>3a</b>, <b>3b</b>) are characterized by an additional six-carbon hydroxylated side chain attached either to the aromatic nucleus or to the triene system. Both compounds were synthesized by the Pd-catalyzed tandem cyclization/cross coupling approach starting from alkyne <b>6</b> and diphenol <b>8</b>. Key steps include a stereoselective Cu-assisted addition of a Grignard reagent to an aromatic alkyne and a Takai olefination of an aromatic aldehyde. The new compounds are noncalcemic and show transcriptional and antiproliferative activities similar to 1,25D<sub>3</sub>. Structural analysis revealed that they induce a large conformational rearrangement of the vitamin D receptor around helix 6.
Treating the Network: Application of a Combination of Two microRNA Inhibitors to the Brainstem Prevents Hypertension Development in the Spontaneously Hypertensive Rat (2018)

We here test the concept that a disturbed function or disease state may result not from a single cause but from small changes in a network that are collectively significant, and that treatment might aim to correct these collective changes. We recently showed that development of hypertension (HTN) in the spontaneously hypertensive rat (SHR) model of human essential hypertension is accompanied by small changes in gene expression within a gene regulatory network, and that these changes potentially result from changes in microRNA expression levels tracking the development of HTN. These results led to the hypothesis that preventing the change in microRNA levels might prevent the development of HTN. We propose that hypertension is an emergent property of a network that has been pushed out of a normotensive equilibrium into a compensatory, yet ultimately pathological, state. In this work, we show that small perturbations in the gene regulatory networks in the brainstem by selectively blocking two microRNAs is sufficient to prevent development of hypertension in the SHR model. Furthermore, this effect appears driven by only modest changes in the expression of rate‐limiting genes, some of which are targets of these miRNAs, suggesting that the combination of genes that are targeted in the network is responsible for the effect rather than just one gene or another. While the use of anti‐sense oligonucleotides to treat hypertension is itself novel, the demonstration that hypertension is an emergent property an underlying network suggests that a new treatment paradigm altogether is needed. Support or Funding Information Funding Sources: T32 AA007463‐28; U01 HL133360; R01 HL111621; SPARC‐OT2‐OD023848 This abstract is from the Experimental Biology 2018 Meeting. There is no full text article associated with this abstract published in The FASEB Journal .
Ablation of nanometer-scale features using a table-top soft x-ray laser (2006)

Ablation holes 82 nm in diameter were obtained in polymethylmethacrylate. This was realized by using a free-standing zone plate to focus a Ne-like Ar 46.9 nm compact capillary-discharge laser beam onto PMMA-coated samples.
Antiallergy activity of substituted 11-oxo-11H-pyrido[2,1-b]quinazoline-8-carboxylic acids (1979)

A series of substituted 11-oxo-11H-pyrido[2,1-b]quinazoline-8-carboxylic acids were prepared and evaluated as antiallergy agents. Several analogues were orally active. 2-Methyl-11-oxo-11H-pyrido[2,1-b]quinoazoline-8-carboxylic acid (6) was superior to cromolyn sodium and doxantrazole orally and intravenously in the rat PCA test and a rat allergic bronchospasm model.
Wide-field fundus imaging with trans-palpebral illumination (2017)

In conventional fundus imaging devices, transpupillary illumination is used for illuminating the inside of the eye. In this method, the illumination light is directed into the posterior segment of the eye through the cornea and passes the pupillary area. As a result of sharing the pupillary area for the illumination beam and observation path, pupil dilation is typically necessary for wide-angle fundus examination, and the field of view is inherently limited. An alternative approach is to deliver light from the sclera. It is possible to image a wider retinal area with transcleral-illumination. However, the requirement of physical contact between the illumination probe and the sclera is a drawback of this method. We report here trans-palpebral illumination as a new method to deliver the light through the upper eyelid (palpebra). For this study, we used a 1.5 mm diameter fiber with a warm white LED light source. To illuminate the inside of the eye, the fiber illuminator was placed at the location corresponding to the pars plana region. A custom designed optical system was attached to a digital camera for retinal imaging. The optical system contained a 90 diopter ophthalmic lens and a 25 diopter relay lens. The ophthalmic lens collected light coming from the posterior of the eye and formed an aerial image between the ophthalmic and relay lenses. The aerial image was captured by the camera through the relay lens. An adequate illumination level was obtained to capture wide angle fundus images within ocular safety limits, defined by the ISO 15004-2: 2007 standard. This novel trans-palpebral illumination approach enables wide-angle fundus photography without eyeball contact and pupil dilation.
Quantum Computing with Majorana Kramers Pairs (2022)

We propose a universal gate set acting on a qubit formed by the degenerate ground states of a Coulomb-blockaded time-reversal invariant topological superconductor island with spatially separated Majorana Kramers pairs: the "Majorana Kramers qubit." All gate operations are implemented by coupling the Majorana Kramers pairs to conventional superconducting leads. Interestingly, in such an all-superconducting device, the energy gap of the leads provides another layer of protection from quasiparticle poisoning independent of the island charging energy. Moreover, the absence of strong magnetic fields-which typically reduce the superconducting gap size of the island-suggests a unique robustness of our qubit to quasiparticle poisoning due to thermal excitations. Consequently, the Majorana Kramers qubit should benefit from prolonged coherence times and may provide an alternative route to a Majorana-based quantum computer.
An iridium-based catalyst system for metathesis/isomerization of acyclic olefins, including methyl oleate (1994)

Reaction between [Ir(coe)_2Cl]_2(coe = cyclooctene) and AgO_2CCF_3(4 equiv.) produces a highly active system for metathesis/isomerization of acyclic olefins, including methyl oleate.
Automated Three-dimensional Quantification of Noncalcified Coronary Plaque from Coronary CT Angiography: Comparison with Intravascular US (2010)

Automated scan-specific threshold level-based quantification of plaque components from coronary CT angiography allows rapid, accurate measurement of noncalcified plaque volumes, compared with intravascular US, and requires a fraction of the time needed for manual analysis.
Fully automated immunoassay for quantitative determination of FXIII (2011)

The preliminary research assay prototype has the potential for excellent analytical sensitivity, precision, and dynamic range suitable to measure reliably FXIII antigen levels in human plasma.
Optimizing data access latencies in cloud systems by intelligent virtual machine placement (2013)

Many cloud applications are data intensive requiring the processing of large data sets and the MapReduce/Hadoop architecture has become the de facto processing framework for these applications. Large data sets are stored in data nodes in the cloud which are typically SAN or NAS devices. Cloud applications process these data sets using a large number of application virtual machines (VMs), with the total completion time being an important performance metric. There are many factors that affect the total completion time of the processing task such as the load on the individual servers, the task scheduling mechanism, communication and data access bottlenecks, etc. One dominating factor that affects completion times for data intensive applications is the access latencies from processing nodes to data nodes. Ideally, one would like to keep all data access local to minimize access latency but this is often not possible due to the size of the data sets, capacity constraints in processing nodes which constrain VMs from being placed in their ideal location and so on. When it is not possible to keep all data access local, one would like to optimize the placement of VMs so that the impact of data access latencies on completion times is minimized. We address this problem of optimized VM placement - given the location of the data sets, we need to determine the locations for placing the VMs so as to minimize data access latencies while satisfying system constraints. We present optimal algorithms for determining the VM locations satisfying various constraints and with objectives that capture natural tradeoffs between minimizing latencies and incurring bandwidth costs. We also consider the problem of incorporating inter-VM latency constraints. In this case, the associated location problem is NP-hard with no effective approximation within a factor of 2 - ϵ for any ϵ > 0. We discuss an effective heuristic for this case and evaluate by simulation the impact of the various tradeoffs in the optimization objectives.