gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Imaging asynchronous mechanical activation of the paced heart with tagged MRI (1998)

A method for imaging the rapid temporal-spatial evolution of myocardial deformations in the paced heart is proposed. High time resolution-tagged MR images were obtained after stimulation of the myocardium with an MR-compatible pacing system. The images were analyzed to reconstruct dynamic models of local 3D strains over the entire left ventricle during systole. Normal canine hearts were studied in vivo with pacing sites on the right atrium, left ventricular free wall and right ventricular apex. This method clearly resolved local variations in myocardial contraction patterns caused by ventricular pacing. Potential applications are noninvasive determination of electrical conduction abnormalities and the evaluation of new pacing therapies.
Mapping the Active Site−Ligand Interactions of Orotidine 5‘-Monophosphate Decarboxylase by Crystallography<sup>,</sup> (2002)

The crystal structures of orotidine 5'-monophosphate decarboxylases from four different sources have been published recently. However, the detailed mechanism of catalysis of the most proficient enzyme known to date remains elusive. As the ligand-protein interactions at the orotate binding site are crucial to the understanding of this enzyme, we mutated several of the residues surrounding the aromatic part of the substrate, individually and in combination. The ensuing effects on enzyme structure and stability were characterized by X-ray crystallography of inhibitor, product, or substrate complexes and by chemical denaturation with guanidine hydrochloride, respectively. The results are consistent with the residues K42D70K72D75B being charged and forming an 'alternate charge network' around the reactive part of the substrate. In addition to exerting charge-charge repulsion on the orotate carboxylate, Asp70 also makes a crucial contribution to enzyme stability. Consequently, orotidine 5'-monophosphate decarboxylases seem to require the presence of a negative charge at this position for catalysis as well as for correct and stable folding.
Unambiuous-state-discrimination attack in cryptography with weak coherent states (1999)

The use of linearly independent signal states in realistic implementations of quantum key distribution (QKD) enables an eavesdropper to perform unambiguous state discrimination. We explore quantitatively the limits for secure QKD imposed by this fact.
Thoughtful artificial intelligence: Forging a new partnership for data science and scientific discovery (2017)

Artificial intelligence will play an increasingly more prominent role in scientific research ecosystems, and will become indispensable as more interdisciplinary science questions are tackled. While in recent years computers have propelled science by crunching through data and leading to a data science revolution, qualitatively different scientific advances will result from advanced intelligent technologies for crunching through knowledge and ideas. We propose seven principles for developing thoughtful artificial intelligence, which will turn intelligent systems into partners for scientists. We present a personal perspective on a research agenda for thoughtful artificial intelligence, and discuss its potential for data science and scientific discovery.
Lentivirus mediated shRNA interference targeting MAT2B induces growth-inhibition and apoptosis in hepatocellular carcinoma (2008)

LV-shMAT2B can induce cell apoptosis and growth-inhibition in HCC cells. MAT2B may be a therapy target in HCC in the future.
Constructing elliptic curves of prime order (2008)

We present a very efficient algorithm to construct an elliptic curve E and a finite field F such that the order of the point group E(F) is a given prime number N. Heuristically, this algorithm only takes polynomial time Otilde((\log N)^3), and it is so fast that it may profitably be used to tackle the related problem of finding elliptic curves with point groups of prime order of prescribed size. We also discuss the impact of the use of high level modular functions to reduce the run time by large constant factors and show that recent gonality bounds for modular curves imply limits on the time reduction that can be obtained.
Hierarchical interaction between sensory processing and world modeling in intelligent systems (2002)

The sensory processing system and its relationship to the world model are described. Both the sensory-processing and world-modeling systems are hypothesized to be hierarchical, with a tight coupling between sensory-processing and world-modeling modules at each level of the hierarchy. At every level, world model predictions are compared with sensory observations. Correlations and differences are used to improve estimated values stored in the world model. The world model consists of both symbolic and iconic representations and of mechanisms for transforming from one to the other. The sensory-processing system consists of iconic images, coordinate transformers, and mechanisms for comparison, correlation, recognition, and detection. The close coupling between sensory processing and world modeling produces the phenomenal capacity of an intelligent system to recognize objects, detect events, and perceive what is important for successful behavior in the natural world.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Steerable Catheters in Cardiology: Classifying Steerability and Assessing Future Challenges (2016)

Using the applied classification as a tool for future design will not only provide insight into previously applied steering technology, it will identify new and unexplored options too. Additionally, insight into the requirements and challenges for catheter steering toward and inside the heart, will allow more dedicated systems, allowing intervention- and patient-specific instrument manipulation.
Global Oct4 target gene analysis reveals novel downstream <i>PTEN</i> and <i>TNC</i> genes required for drug-resistance and metastasis in lung cancer (2015)

Overexpression of Oct4, a stemness gene encoding a transcription factor, has been reported in several cancers. However, the mechanism by which Oct4 directs transcriptional program that leads to somatic cancer progression remains unclear. In this study, we provide mechanistic insight into Oct4-driven transcriptional network promoting drug-resistance and metastasis in lung cancer cell, animal and clinical studies. Through an integrative approach combining our Oct4 chromatin-immunoprecipitation sequencing and ENCODE datasets, we identified the genome-wide binding regions of Oct4 in lung cancer at promoter and enhancer of numerous genes involved in critical pathways which promote tumorigenesis. Notably, PTEN and TNC were previously undefined targets of Oct4. In addition, novel Oct4-binding motifs were found to overlap with DNA elements for Sp1 transcription factor. We provided evidence that Oct4 suppressed PTEN in an Sp1-dependent manner by recruitment of HDAC1/2, leading to activation of AKT signaling and drug-resistance. In contrast, Oct4 transactivated TNC independent of Sp1 and resulted in cancer metastasis. Clinically, lung cancer patients with Oct4 high, PTEN low and TNC high expression profile significantly correlated with poor disease-free survival. Our study reveals a critical Oct4-driven transcriptional program that promotes lung cancer progression, illustrating the therapeutic potential of targeting Oc4 transcriptionally regulated genes.
Comparison of GLUT4 and GLUT1 subcellular trafficking in basal and insulin-stimulated 3T3-L1 cells. (1993)

The two glucose transporter isoforms GLUT4 and GLUT1 present in 3T3-L1 cells were labeled in the insulin-stimulated and basal states with the impermeant bis-mannose photolabel, 2-N-4-(1-azi-2,2,2-trifluoroethyl)benzoyl-1,3-bis-(D-mannos- 4-yloxy)-2-propylamine. The redistributions of these labeled transporters from the plasma membrane to the low density microsome membrane fraction were followed while cells were maintained at either insulin-stimulated or basal steady states. In both these steady states GLUT4 and GLUT1 were continuously recycled. Analysis of the time courses for tracer-tagged GLUT4 and GLUT1 redistribution showed that the endocytosis rate constants were only approximately 30% slower in the insulin-stimulated (0.08 and 0.093 min-1) compared with the basal (0.116 and 0.121 min-1) state. In the insulin-stimulated state, the rate constants for GLUT4 and GLUT1 exocytosis (0.086 and 0.096 min-1) were similar to those of endocytosis. In contrast, the exocytosis rate constants of GLUT4 and GLUT1 in the basal state were 0.01 and 0.035 min-1. We therefore conclude that the main effect of insulin is to increase GLUT4 and GLUT1 exocytosis rate constants by approximately 9- and 3-fold, respectively, and that the unique feature of the GLUT4 isoform is the very slow rate of exocytosis in the basal state.
Crossovers in microstrip (1978)

The fabrication and characterisation of a crossover structure in microstrip is described. The results indicate the means to achieve either high isolation between physically intersecting signal paths, or a controlled amount of coupling for applications where this is desirable.
Concepts and models for structured documents (1989)

An efficient rhodium-catalyzed unprecedented oxa-[2,3]-sigmatropic rearrangement of sulfur ylide derived from α-thioesters/ketones and diazo carbonyl compounds has been accomplished for the synthesis of various sulfur-tethered vinylogous carbonates in good to excellent yields. Important features of the developed reaction include wide functional group tolerance, excellent chemo- and regioselectivity, and efficient rearrangement involving the carbonyl motif. The present reaction also equally works well with α-selenoesters for the synthesis of seleno-containing vinylogous carbonates.
On the energy efficiency of CVT-based mobile robots (2002)

We perform an in-depth analysis on the energy efficiency of a mobile robot employing a spherical type continuously variable transmission (S-CVT). The S-CVT permits the motor to operate in its most power-efficient regime of high-speed and low-torque, and allows for smooth operation of the mobile robot in all phases of forward, neutral, and reverse motion without the use of any brakes or clutches. Changes in steering direction are achieved by a novel pivoting device that enables the robot to rotate about its center. The current study takes into account features of the DC motors, the S-CVT, and the mobile robot dynamics to perform a comprehensive study on the overall system performance. We develop optimal control laws for both the reduction gear unit and S-CVT equipped mobile robots, and compare their energy efficiency through numerical studies. We then present numerical results that demonstrate the power savings possible front the use of the S-CVT mechanism over standard reduction gear units.
ALPS: An Application-Level Proportional-Share Scheduler (2006)

ALPS is a per-application user-level proportional-share scheduler that operates with tow overhead and without any special kernel support. ALPS is useful to a range of applications, including scientific applications that need to control the CPU apportionment to the processes they create, to Web servers that need to limit the proportion of available CPU time given to spawned processes that service Web requests, and to middleware that supports multiple execution environments that are to run at different rates. ALPS works by minimally sampling the progress of processes under its control, and making simple predictions for when it should selectively pause and resume the processes. We present the algorithm, a UNIX-based implementation, and a performance evaluation. Our results show that the ALPS approach is practical; we can achieve good accuracy (under 5% error), and low overhead (under 1% of CPU), despite user-level operation
A LDPC codes based Authentication Scheme (2020)

Verifying multiple digital signatures in a batch to reduce verification time and computation has caught the interest of many researchers since many years. There are various batch verification schemes proposed for various popular digital signature algorithms such as DSS, RSA, ECDSA and other signature schemes. If there are any bad signatures in the given batch of signatures, then the batch verification test fails but the test does not indicate the location of the bad signature. In literature, there are very few efficient schemes, which locate the index of the bad signature/s in the given batch. These existing schemes perform poorly when the bad signature/s count is unknown or when the entire batch of signatures is faulty. To overcome these disadvantages, we propose a new Low-Density Parity-Check (LDPC) based verification scheme to locate the index of the bad signature/s. Our proposed scheme outperforms the other bad signature identification schemes. The comparative analysis of our scheme with the other schemes is provided. The primary advantage of the scheme is, it removes all the transmission errors in the received batch of signatures.
Physical and Mechanical Properties of Fiber Boards from Oil Palm Empty Fruit Bunch Fibers Mixed with Water Hyacinth Fibers (2018)

This research aims were to produce and study properties of fiber boards from oil palm empty fruit bunch fibers mixed with Water hyacinth fiber, by using 13% adhesive substances comprising urea formaldehyde (UF) and polymeric diphenylmethane diisocyanate (PMDI) resins. The boards had a density of 400, 600 and 900 kg m–3 and a thickness of 15 mm. Physical and mechanical properties tests were performed according to industry standards, TIS 876-2547, ASTM D 1037-1999 and ASTM D 256-2006a. The physical properties investigated were moisture content, water absorption and thickness swelling of the plates. The results revealed that plates with high density had low moisture content, low water absorption and low thickness swelling. PMDI resin provided the best adhesive quality. For the mechanical properties investigation, modulus of rupture, modulus of elasticity, the tensile strength perpendicular to the surface, impact strength, the nail and screws holding power were covered. It was found that the higher density they had, the better mechanical properties they owned. The PMDI-based boards with 900 kg m–3 density achieved the best mechanical properties. They can highly possibly be used instead of wood.
A new direct method for the synthesis of enantiomerically pure protected α-amino acids (1989)

The organozinc reagent (2), prepared from the protected β-iodo alanine derivative (3) using ultrasonic activation, is efficiently acylated using acid chlorides in the presence of (Ph3P)2PdCl2 to give high yields of enantiomerically pure protected γ-keto α-amino acids (4).
Frequency of the JAK2V617F Mutation in Platelets from Essential Thrombocythemia (ET) Patients. (2005)

Abstract The JAK2V617F mutation has been recently reported in patients with polycythemia vera (PV) and a proportion of patients with ET and myelofibrosis with myeloid metaplasia. This acquired point mutation constitutively activates JAK2 tyrosine kinase and is believed to underlie growth factor hypersensitivity displayed by hematopoietic progenitors in these disorders. Identification of this genetic abnormality may be useful for diagnostic purposes although its prognostic implication remains to be determined. The prevalence of this mutation in granulocytes from ET patients ranges from 23 to 57% depending on the detection technique used. ET is characterized by predominant involvement of the megakaryocytic lineage and increased platelet production. In order to evaluate whether the frequency of the V617FJAK2 mutation in platelets from ET patients differs from that previously reported in granulocytes, we amplified a fragment of JAK2 cDNA from leukocyte-depleted platelets by RT-PCR followed by digestion with BsaXI restriction endonuclease (PCR-RFLP). The JAK2V617F mutation abolishes a BsaXI restriction site present in the wild-type sequence and generates a different band pattern. In addition, allele-specific RT-PCR (ASPCR) was performed with a primer pair common to both wild-type and mutant alleles and a third primer complementary to the mutant allele. Forty four patients with ET diagnosed according to the PVSG criteria were included, median age 39 years old (14–81), 10 were men; 21 were studied before treatment, 10 during treatment with anagrelide or hydroxyurea and 13 both before and during treatment. Twenty-two (50%) patients were found to harbour the JAK2V617F mutation by both PCR-RFLP and ASPCR, 3 were homozygous. No change in genotype was found in repeated samples from patients studied both before and during treatment. Hemoblobin levels and the frequency of thrombosis were significantly higher in patients with the mutation respect to those without (141 ±14 g/L vs. 129 ± 11 g/L, p=0.009, and 41% vs. 4.5%, p=0.004, respectively). In addition, patients carrying the mutation were significantly older (51 vs. 33 years old, p=0.002) and had lower platelet counts at diagnosis (1.070 x 109/L vs. 1.500 x 109/L, p=0.02). Interestingly, 2 patients harbouring the mutation developed PV on follow-up. In conclusion, the prevalence of the JAK2V617F mutation in platelets from ET patients did not differ from that previously reported in granulocytes. The increase in the frequency of thrombosis found in patients carrying the mutation should be confirmed in a larger study. Besides, the finding of higher hemoglobin levels in this group of patients is of interest since JAK2V617F-positive ET patients have been reported to display PV markers such as endogenous erythroid colony growth and PRV-1 overexpression, suggesting they may have larger involvement of the erythroid lineage. Further studies will help clarify whether the risk of developing PV is higher in this subset of patients.
Endoglucanase A from Cellulomonas fimi in which the hinge sequence of human IgA1 is substituted for the linker connecting its two domains is hydrolyzed by IgA proteases from Neisseria gonorrhoeae (1992)

The hinge in IgA1 and the linker in endoglucanase A (CenA) are quite similar. The IgA1 hinge is 18 amino acids long and contains only proline, threonine and serine. The linker in CenA is 27 amino acids long and contains only proline, threonine and a single serine. IgA proteases from Neisseria gonorrhoeae cleave Pro-Ser and Pro-Thr bonds within the IgA1 hinge sequence, but they do not attack CenA. When the linker sequence of CenA is replaced with the hinge sequence of IgA1, the hybrid polypeptide is susceptible to the N. gonorrhoeae proteases. It is cleaved within the hinge sequence at the same sites as IgA1.
<b>Expression of snowdrop lectin (GNA) in transgenic rice plants confers resistance to rice brown planthopper</b> (1998)

Snowdrop lectin (Galanthus nivalis agglutinin; GNA) has been shown previously to be toxic towards rice brown planthopper (Nilaparvata lugens; BPH) when administered in artificial diet. BPH feeds by phloem abstraction, and causes 'hopper burn', as well as being an important virus vector. To evaluate the potential of the gna gene to confer resistance towards BPH, transgenic rice (Oryza sativa L.) plants were produced, containing the gna gene in constructs where its expression was driven by a phloem-specific promoter (from the rice sucrose synthase RSs1 gene) and by a constitutive promoter (from the maize ubiquitin ubi1 gene). PCR and Southern analyses on DNA from these plants confirmed their transgenic status, and that the transgenes were transmitted to progeny after self-fertilization. Western blot analyses revealed expression of GNA at levels of up to 2.0% of total protein in some of the transgenic plants. GNA expression driven by the RSs1 promoter was tissue-specific, as shown by immunohistochemical localization of the protein in the non-lignified vascular tissue of transgenic plants. Insect bioassays and feeding studies showed that GNA expressed in the transgenic rice plants decreased survival and overall fecundity (production of offspring) of the insects, retarded insect development, and had a deterrent effect on BPH feeding. gna is the first transgene to exhibit insecticidal activity towards sap-sucking insects in an important cereal crop plant.
ZrCl<sub>4</sub> as Catalyst for Olefins and Styrene Polymerization:  Effect of Ethereal Donors on the Activity and Stereospecificity (2003)

Complexes of ZrCl4 incorporating neutral donors such as THF and Et2O activated by methylaluminoxane have been found to be active homogeneous catalytic systems for the polymerization of ethylene. They also promote the propylene and styrene polymerization with high degree of iso- and syndiotacticity, respectively. The different behaviors in propylene and styrene polymerization using methylalumoxane containing different amounts of Al(CH3)3 with respect to isotactic propylene and syndiotactic styrene polymerization of these compounds suggest that the presence of neutral Lewis bases on the metal center plays a crucial role on the stereoselectivity of polymerization reaction.
Ways of Identifying the Opinion Leaders in Virtual Communities (2009)

Virtual communities are the uppermost communication spaces and channels for online word-of-mouth. And opinion leaders are the most important group for enterprises’ word-of-mouth communication. As enterprises are engaged in online word-of-mouth marketing activities, the key is to find out the opinion leaders in virtual communities. In this paper, after affirming the effects of opinion leaders and reviewing and summarizing the former ways of finding out opinion leaders, authors will introduce to us how to use the social network analysis method and the UCINET software, together with traditional observations and investigations, to analyze and identify the opinion leaders in virtual communities by case study.
Rat liver imidase (1993)

Imidase, an enzyme variously identified as dihydropyrimidinase (EC 3.5.2.2), hydantoinase, dihydropyrimidine hydrase, and dihydropyrimidine amidohydrolase, has been purified to electrophoretic homogeneity from rat liver. Although a component in the chain of pyrimidine catabolism, imidase is capable of serving in a broader role that includes detoxication of xenobiotics. The enzyme catalyzes the hydrolytic cleavage of imides that range from the linear to the heterocyclic and that include hydantoins, dihydropyrimidines, and phthalimide. For some substrates, the reaction is experimentally reversible. The pH activity curves are a function of the pKa of the individual substrate's imino group, with cleavage favored at a pH near the respective pKa value. There is evidence for stereoselectivity and for stereospecificity. A mechanism is proposed for the enzyme-catalyzed reaction.
Human action recognition based on improved motion history image and deep convolutional neural networks (2017)

In order to make full use of video color image sequences for human action recognition, we proposed an approach to recognize human action based on motion history image (MHI) and deep convolution networks. Firstly, part of frames from the beginning and end of the motion video are removed and the gray MHI are extracted from the rest. Then we colorize them into 3 channels RGB by the rainbow encoding. Finally, we train a deep convolutional neural network to classify the RGB MHI by fine tuning a pretrained model. The experimental results indicate that the proposed method improves the recognition accuracy rate by 13% remarkably.