gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Mitigation of catastrophic interference in neural networks using a fixed expansion layer (2012)

In this paper we present the fixed expansion layer (FEL) feedforward neural network designed for balancing plasticity and stability in the presence of non-stationary inputs. Catastrophic interference (or catastrophic forgetting) refers to the drastic loss of previously learned information when a neural network is trained on new or different information. The goal of the FEL network is to reduce the effect of catastrophic interference by augmenting a multilayer perceptron with a layer of sparse neurons with binary activations. We compare the FEL network's performance to that of other algorithms designed to combat the effects of catastrophic interference and demonstrate that the FEL network is able to retain information for significantly longer periods of time with substantially lower computational requirements.
Distinct Domains in Ribosomal Protein L5 Mediate 5 S rRNA Binding and Nucleolar Localization (1996)

Ribosomal protein L5, a 34-kDa large ribosomal subunit protein, binds to 5 S rRNA and has been implicated in the intracellular transport of 5 S rRNA. By immunofluorescence microscopy, L5 is detected mostly in the nucleolus with a fainter signal in the nucleoplasm, and it is known to also be a component of large ribosomal subunits in the cytoplasm. 5 S rRNA is transcribed in the nucleoplasm, and L5 is thought to play an important role in delivering 5 S rRNA to the nucleolus. Using RNA-binding assays and transfection experiments, we have delineated the domains within L5 that confer its 5 S rRNA binding activity and that localize it to the nucleolus. We found that the amino-terminal 93 amino acids are necessary and sufficient to bind 5 S rRNA in vitro, while the carboxyl-terminal half of the protein, comprising amino acids 151-296, serves to localize the protein to the nucleolus. L5, therefore, has a modular domain structure reminiscent of other RNA transport proteins where one region of the molecule serves to bind RNA while another determines subcellular localization.
Infection cycle of maize stalk rot and ear rot caused by Fusarium verticillioides (2018)

Fusarium verticillioides, an important maize pathogen produces fumonisins and causes stalk and ear rot; thus, we are aimed to clarify its infection cycle by assessing enhanced green fluorescent protein (EGFP) expression in stalk and ear rot strains. Maize seeds were inoculated with stable and strongly pathogenic transformants. To investigate the degree of infection, inoculated plants were observed under a stereo fluorescence microscope, and affected tissue strains were detected using PCR. We found that both transformants infected maize. Hyphae infected the plants from radical to the stem and extended to the ear and infected ear kernels caused a second infection. This process formed the infection cycle.
Mobilisation for meningitis (1999)

Gwyneth Raven and Sheila Stevens demonstrate how school nurses organised a multidisciplinary team, at short notice, in response to a meningococcal cluster in one of the largest high schools in the country
Cervical Softening, Effacement, and Dilatation (1992)

AbstractThe rearrangement of the extracellular matrix of the uterine cervix during pregnancy and parturition occurs by the progression of a complex, finely regulated biochemical cascade. In the past decade, major advances in our understanding of these molecular and biochemical changes have been made, yet the complete metabolic cascade is not understood. In this paper, current information regarding these metabolic pathways is reviewed and areas for further research are discussed.Term labor and preterm labor are etiologically heterogenous. The triggering mechanisms of the biochemical rearrangement of collagen, proteoglycans, and elastic fibers are likely different, however, depending on the presenting clinical situation. While the pathways of extracellular matrix rearrangement may be similar, studies focusing on term labor do not provide complete information regarding preterm labor. Animal models and in vitro studies are extremely useful, but do not in themselves explain the entire story of cervical softening, dilatation, and effacement. Inflammatory cells play a role in this process but the exact nature of their involvement is unclear. Until the complete metabolic cascade is known, little progress in our ability to logically control the incidence of preterm, dysfunctional, and postterm labor can be achieved.Key Words: Uterine cervixParturitionPregnancyExtracellular matrixCollagenElastinCollagenase
Stateflow to Tabular Expressions (2015)

Stateflow is a visual tool that is used extensively in industry for designing the reactive behaviour of embedded systems. Stateflow relies on techniques like simulation to aid the user in finding flaws in the model. However, simulation is inadequate as a means of detecting inconsistencies and incompleteness in the model. Tabular Expressions (function tables) have been used successfully in software development for more than thirty years. Tabular expressions are also visual representations of functions, but include the important properties of completeness and disjointness. In other words, a tabular expression is well-formed only when the input domain is covered completely (completeness), and when there is no ambiguity in the behaviour described by the tabular expression (disjointness). The goal of our work is to use the completeness and disjointness properties of well-formed tabular expressions to aid us in establishing those properties in Stateflow models. From the Stateflow models, we generate a new kind of tabular expression that includes extended output options. We use the informal Stateflow semantics from MathWorks documentation as the basis for generating our tabular expressions. The generated tabular expressions are then used to guarantee completeness and disjointness. We provide a transformation algorithm that we plan to implement in a tool to automatically generate tabular expressions from Stateflow models.
Sparseness and speech perception in noise (2006)

Can we model speech recognition in noise by exploring higher order statistics of the combined signal? How will changes in these statistics affect speech perception in noise? This study addresses these questions in two experiments. One investigated the relationship between an established model and the fourth order statistic, kurtosis. The glimpsing model [1] proposes that listeners can explore the local speech-to-noise ratio (SNR) in short time segments (glimpses) and focus on areas where SNR is high. Results showed that there is a very high correlation between percentages of glimpsing area and kurtosis (r = 0.99;p < 0.01), suggesting that kurtosis can serve as a simpler index for measuring glimpsing. The experiment also examined the association between kurtosis and recognition of nonsense words (vowel-consonant-vowel, VCV) in babble modulated noise, also showing very high correlation (r = 0.97;p < 0.01). Another separate study focused on the relationship of sparseness to speech recognition score for VCV words in natural babble noise made of 100 people talking simultaneously [2]. Results show that there is also high correlation between kurtosis and speech recognition score with this noise. Logistic regression analysis to obtain the kurtosis for 50% correct showed this was achieved at a kurtosis of approximately 1.0
Trace Elements Geochemistry of Upper Cretaceous Sediments In Bornu Basin At Its Boundary With Gongola Basin, Ne Nigeria: Implication For Petroleum Source Rock Evaluation (2019)

Geological mapping coupled with sample collection was carried out within the study area. Geological map was produced distinguishing different lithological units on basis of their field relationship using various geological parameters. Trace elements geochemical methods were employed using AAS and MR-EAS to determine the maturation level of shale samples for trace elements concentrations that are believed to have been incorporated into the petroleum charge system. These are; Biophile elements: V and Ni, the concentration of V ranged from 0.264 to 1.288ppm with an average of 0.6735ppm, Ni concentration ranged from 0.298 to 0.722ppm with an average of 0.425ppm. Siderophile elements: Fe, Co, Mo, Cr, Mn. The concentration of Fe ranged from 1.289 to 264ppm with an average of 144.12ppm, Co ranged 0.352 to 0.783ppm with an average of 0.50ppm. Mo concentration ranged from 0.030 to 0.133ppm with an average of 0.04ppm, the concentration of Cr ranged from 0.233 to 0.753ppm with an average of 0.428ppm, while Mn ranged from 0.821 to 7.567ppm with an average of 3.692ppm. Chalcophile elements: Cu, Zn, Pb, Cd. The concentration of Cu ranged from 0.000 to 0.238ppm with an average of 0.0829ppm, Zn has concentration values that ranged from 0.000 to 0.425ppm with an average of 0.104ppm. The concentration of Pb ranged from 0.000 to 0.339ppm with an average of 0.0035ppm, Cd concentration ranged from 0.000 to 0.020ppm in the analyzed source rocks (SR) samples with an average of 0.004ppm. The overall results showed that the Fe and Mn (siderophile) elements have the highest concentration value which does not correlate with crude oils analyzed from different parts of the world. In general, source rocks have higher geochemical values than crude oils samples, but in this study the concentration of the elements are mediocre which may be as a result of shallow depth of burial and lack of sedimentary cover over the targeted source rocks. This could be the principal factor. Some of the trace elements have shown close relationship in terms of their concentration with some Niger Delta crude oils and New Zealand while others differs considerably. Time temperature index of maturity (TTI) is also a very important component in aiding maturation of source rocks. Most matured source rocks are mostly found in deeper part of the basins, though this study was carried out at the fringe of the basin where the occurrence of most facies is at shallow depths.
High-throughput single-cell analysis for the proteomic dynamics study of the yeast osmotic stress response (2017)

Abstract Motorized fluorescence microscopy combined with high-throughput microfluidic chips is a powerful method to obtain information about different biological processes in cell biology studies. Generally, to observe different strains under different environments, high-throughput microfluidic chips require complex preparatory work. In this study, we designed a novel and easily operated high-throughput microfluidic system to observe 96 different GFP-tagged yeast strains in one switchable culture condition or 24 different GFP-tagged yeast strains in four parallel switchable culture conditions. A multi-pipette is the only additional equipment required for high-throughput patterning of cells in the chip. Only eight connections are needed to control 96 conditions. Using these devices, the proteomic dynamics of the yeast stress response pathway were carefully studied based on single-cell data. A new method to characterize the proteomic dynamics using a single cell’s data is proposed and compared to previous methods, and the new technique should be useful for studying underlying control networks. Our method provides an easy and systematic way to study signaling pathways at the single-cell level.
Complicated Catalog - Teaching Students to Use One Search (2017)

A frequently heard complaint about One Search from the user experience end is that it is "complicated" or "over-whelming," but it has its positive points, too. The key is in teaching patrons who may have never had any experience outside of Google and traditional OPACs how to use it. This presentation covers best practices on how to teach One Search to new users in a thoughtful, less stressful manner using the very tools inherent in the discovery system - and how the thought and practice of teaching searches in One Search differs from the traditional OPAC.
Cross layer association control for throughput optimization in wireless LANs with inter-AP interference (2010)

In this paper, we study the problem of determining the optimal association in multi-cell WLANs in the presence of hidden terminals and inter-AP collisions. Unlike most work in this area which deal with networks without inter-AP interference, we reveal that association control alone is not sufficient to achieve fair throughput allocation and load balancing across APs. Instead, we advocate the joint association control, rate control and contention control to improve network performance. Based on this, we formulate a cross-layer optimization problem whose objective is to allocate downlink throughput according to the proportional fairness principle. As the problem turns out to be a non-convex mixed integer programming problem, which is known to be NP-hard, we relax it into a continuous convex problem and propose a distributed algorithm to solve it. We then design a simple yet effective distributed approximation algorithm to construct an solution that fulfills the discrete integral association constraint. The output of the algorithm provides the optimal association, the maximum achievable rate for each downlink flow and each AP's optimal average backoff time. Numerical experiments and simulation results show that our algorithm converges rapidly and works effectively.
Loosely-coupled Automation Systems using Device-level SOA (2007)

This paper discusses software abstractions that facilitate the development of loosely-coupled automation systems, i.e. systems where elements can be easily added, removed, or replaced without needing widespread changes across the system. Event-oriented and service-oriented abstractions are explored as candidate approaches to provide loosely-coupled interactions and dynamic discovery. Ontologies and semantic Web services are proposed in order to facilitate the discovery and selection of automation elements without need for pre-programming. A demonstrator from the domain of automated assembly is used to illustrate the principles and show the feasibility of the approach.
Integrating the fixed priority scheduling and the total bandwidth server for aperiodic tasks (2002)

The priority-based weighted fair queueing (PWFQ) schedule for real-time networks can be used to decouple session delay and its allocated bandwidth share. The idea is to introduce the concept of sliding window on the packet's virtual finish time. For packets whose finish time is within the window, the fixed priority assigned to each communication session is used to determine which packet should be sent out first. We apply the sliding window mechanism to aperiodic job scheduling with the total bandwidth server algorithm. When job arrivals are modeled by the leaky bucket model, we show that the algorithm can be used to improve the response time of aperiodic jobs.
Handbook of transportation engineering (2004)

The definitive transportation engineering resource—fully revised and updated. The two-volume Handbook of Transportation Engineering, Second Edition offers practical, comprehensive coverage of the entire transportation engineering field. Featuring 18 new chapters and contributions from nearly 70 leading experts, this authoritative work discusses all types of transportation systems—freight, passenger, air, rail, road, marine, and pipeline—and provides problem-solving engineering, planning, and design tools and techniques with examples of successful applications. Volume I focuses on transportation networks and systems, operations, and economics.
Roles of the signal peptide and mature domains in the secretion and maturation of the neutral metalloprotease from <i>Streptomyces cacaoi</i> (1997)

The neutral metalloprotease (Npr) of Streptomyces cacaoi is synthesized as a prepro-Npr precursor form consisting of a secretory signal peptide, a propeptide and the mature metalloprotease. The maturation of Npr occurs extracellularly via an autoproteolytic processing of the secreted pro-Npr. The integrity of the propeptide is essential for the formation of mature active Npr but not for its secretion [Chang, Chang and Lee (1994) J. Biol. Chem. 269, 3548-3554]. In this study we investigated whether the secretion and maturation of Npr require the integrity of its signal peptide region and mature protease domain. Five signal peptide mutants were generated, including the substitution mutations at the positively charged region (mutant IR6LE), the central hydrophobic region (mutants GI19EL and G19N), the boundary of the hydrophobic core-cleavage region (mutant P30L) and at the residues adjacent to the signal peptidase cleavage site (mutant YA33SM). All these lesions delayed the export of Npr to the growth medium and also resulted in a 2-10-fold decrease in Npr export. The most severe effect was noted in mutants GI19EL and P30L. When these signal peptide mutations were fused separately with the propeptide lacking the Npr mature domain, the secretory defect on the propeptide was also observed, and this impairment was again more severely expressed in mutants GI19EL and P30L. Thus the Npr signal peptide seems to have more constraints on the hydrophobic core region and at the proline residue within the boundary of the hydrophobic core-cleavage site. Deletion mutations within the C-terminal mature protease domain that left its active site intact still blocked the proteolytic processing of mutant precursor forms of pro-Npr, although their secretions were unaffected. These results, together with our previous findings, strongly suggest that the signal peptide of Npr plays a pivotal role in the secretion of both Npr and the propeptide, but not in the maturation of Npr. On the contrary, the integrity of mature domain and propeptide is not critical for secretion of the Npr derivative but is essential for the formation of a functional Npr. Therefore the secretion and maturation of Npr are dependent on the integrity of the signal peptide, propeptide and mature protease domains, and the roles of these domains in this regard are functionally distinct.
ChemInform Abstract: Substitution Reaction of N,N′‐Diphenylurea by Amines to Unsymmetric Phenylureas. (2000)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Effects of alloying and hydrostatic pressure on electronic and optical properties of GaAs-Al_{x}Ga_{1-x}As superlattices and multiple-quantum-well structures (1987)

We have used our pseudopotential scheme to calculate electronic and optical properties of GaAs-${\mathrm{Al}}_{\mathrm{x}}$${\mathrm{Ga}}_{1\mathrm{\ensuremath{-}}\mathrm{x}}$As superlattices and multiple-quantum-well structures as a function of alloying (0\ensuremath{\le}x\ensuremath{\le}1), hydrostatic pressure (0--50 kbar), and band offsets. We have obtained a full description of the electronic states both near the band edges and well into the range of energies above the confining barriers. In particular, we have shown how alloying can be used to mix \ensuremath{\Gamma}-like states with X-like states. Such mixing can lead to dramatic changes in the rapidly varying parts of the superlattice wave functions and alter appreciably the observable optical properties associated with such states. We also show that similar effects can be produced by the application of hydrostatic pressure. The electronic structure and optical properties of periodic structures with GaAs layers of width up to 102 A\r{} and ${\mathrm{Al}}_{\mathrm{x}}$${\mathrm{Ga}}_{1\mathrm{\ensuremath{-}}\mathrm{x}}$As layers of width up to 514 A\r{} have been studied. We show how mixing in wave-vector space between confined states and between confined states and extended bulk Bloch states leads to changes in observable properties, some of which can be exploited in order to determine band offsets. A representative set of data on the pressure dependence of optical spectra is used to make a comparison between theoretical and experimental results.
Pathway analysis in metabolic databases via differential metabolic display (DMD) (2000)

Information from each data source is extracted and compiled into a PETRI net. Such PETRI nets then allow to investigate the (differential) content in metabolic databases, to map and integrate genomic information and functional annotations, to compare sequence and metabolic databases with respect to their functional annotations, and to define, generate and search paths and pathways in nets. We present an algorithm to systematically generate all pathways satisfying additional constraints in such PETRI nets. Finally, based on the set of valid pathways, so-called differential metabolic displays (DMDs) are introduced to exhibit specific differences between biological systems, i.e. different developmental states, disease states, or different organisms, on the level of paths and pathways. DMDs will be useful for target finding and function prediction, especially in the context of the interpretation of expression data.
An Indoor Wireless System for Personalized Shopping Assistance (1994)

By integrating wireless, video, speech and real-time data access technologies, a unique shopping assistant service can be created that personalizes the attention provided to a custorner based on individual needs, without limiting his movement, or causing distractions from others in the shopping center. We have developed this idea into a service based on two products: a very high volume hand-held wireless communications device. the PSA (Personal Shopping Assistant), that the customer owns (or rnay be provided to a customer by the retailer), and a centralized server located in the shopping center to which the custorner communicates using the PSA. The centralized server maintains the customer database. the store database and provides audio/visual responses to inquiries fronr tens to hundreds of customers in real-time over a snrull areo wrteless network.
<i>In vitro</i> gamma‐secretase cleavage of the Alzheimer's amyloid precursor protein correlates to a subset of presenilin complexes and is inhibited by zinc (2005)

The gamma-secretase complex mediates the final proteolytic event in Alzheimer's disease amyloid-beta biogenesis. This membrane complex of presenilin, anterior pharynx defective, nicastrin, and presenilin enhancer-2 cleaves the C-terminal 99-amino acid fragment of the amyloid precursor protein intramembranously at gamma-sites to form C-terminally heterogeneous amyloid-beta and cleaves at an epsilon-site to release the intracellular domain or epsilon-C-terminal fragment. In this work, two novel in vitro gamma-secretase assays are developed to further explore the biochemical characteristics of gamma-secretase activity. During development of a bacterial expression system for a substrate based on the amyloid precursor protein C-terminal 99-amino acid sequence, fragments similar to amyloid-beta and an epsilon-C-terminal fragment were observed. Upon purification this substrate was used in parallel with a transfected source of substrate to measure gamma-secretase activity from detergent extracted membranes. With these systems, it was determined that recovery of size-fractionated cellular and tissue-derived gamma-secretase activity is dependent upon detergent concentration and that activity correlates to a subset of high molecular mass presenilin complexes. We also show that by changing the solvent environment with dimethyl sulfoxide, detection of epsilon-C-terminal fragments can be elevated. Lastly, we show that zinc causes an increase in the apparent molecular mass of an amyloid precursor protein gamma-secretase substrate and inhibits its cleavage. These studies further refine our knowledge of the complexes and biochemical factors needed for gamma-secretase activity and suggest a mechanism by which zinc dysregulation may contribute to Alzheimer's disease pathogenesis.