gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
The Centering of Optical Fiber Coatings by Monitoring Forward Scattering Patterns-Theory and Practice (1980)

The forward scattering pattern from a transversely illuminated polymer-coated optical fiber is modeled with a ray-tracing program. For polymers with a refractive index higher than that of silica, the scattering pattern contains caustic surfaces. If the coating is eccentric in a direction perpendicular to the incident rays, we show that the positions of the caustic surfaces (θ <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">A</inf> ) vary monotonically with eccentricity at the rate of 0.85°/&mum; for small eccentricities for a coating with a 1.539 refractive index and 59.3-μm thickness on a 110-μm diameter silica fiber. Another identifiable feature of the pattern (θ <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">B</inf> ) has a predicted small-signal sensitivity of 1.1°/μm. The information obtained from the pattern can be used to insure well-centered coatings on optical fibers. A simple interpretation of the scattering pattern provides an error signal to guide compensatory coating cup alignment. The results are reported of well-centered runs obtained on two separate drawing lines by this means.
Content based automatic zooming (2008)

We present an automatic zooming technique that leverages content analysis for viewing a document page on a small display such as a mobile phone or PDA. The page can come from a scanned document (bitmap image) or an electronic document (text and graphics data plus metadata). The page with text and graphics is segmented into regions. For each region, a scale-distortion function is constructed based on image analysis of the signal distortion that occurs at different scales. During interactive viewing of the document, as the user navigates by moving the viewport around the page, the zoom factor is automatically adjusted by optimizing the scale-distortion functions of the regions visible in the viewport.
Saposin B Binds the Lipofuscin Bisretinoid A2E and Prevents its Enzymatic and Photooxidation (2017)

Abstract The front cover artwork is provided by the group of Prof. Robert P. Doyle at Syracuse University (USA) and collaborators, Prof. Fadi Bou‐Abdallah at SUNY Potsdam (USA) and Kelsey Moody at Ichor Therapeutics. The picture illustrates lipofuscin bisretinoid A2E blue‐light‐induced photooxidation and its protection by the lysosomal protein SapB. Binding of A2E by SapB protects A2E from both enzymatic degradation and photooxidation by blue light. Read the full text of the Communication at 10.1002/cptc.201700039 .
Abstract 3338: Pharmacological inhibition of MRK/ZAK kinase for the treatment of medulloblastoma (2015)

Abstract Medulloblastoma is a cerebellar tumor and the most common pediatric brain malignancy. Radiation therapy is part of the standard care for this tumor, but its effectiveness is accompanied by significant neurocognitive sequelae due to the deleterious effects of radiation on the developing brain. We have previously shown that the protein kinase MRK/ZAK protects tumor cells from radiation-induced cell death by regulating cell cycle arrest after ionizing radiation. Here we show that siRNA-mediated MRK depletion sensitizes medulloblastoma primary cells to radiation. We have, therefore, designed and tested a small molecule inhibitor of MRK, M443, which binds to MRK in an irreversible fashion and inhibits its activity. We found that M443 strongly radio-sensitizes UW228 medulloblastoma cells as well as IMB226 patient-derived primary cells. M443 also inhibits radiation-induced activation of both p38 and Chk2, two proteins that act downstream of MRK and are involved in DNA damage-induced cell cycle arrest. We also tested the effect of M443 in an animal model of medulloblastoma that employs orthotopic implantation of IMB226 medulloblastoma cells in nude mice. Intra-tumoral delivery of M443 alone significantly extended animal survival by 5 days compared to vehicle treatment. Combination treatment of M443 with radiation at 2 × 3 Gy, that is not effective on its own (1 day of additional survival over control), achieved a synergistic increase in survival (15 days over the control survival time). Western blotting of tumor lysates demonstrated strong inhibition of MRK activity. In conclusion, we have developed a new small molecule inhibitor of MRK/ZAK that radio-sensitizes medulloblastoma cells. We hypothesize that combining radio-therapy with M443 will allow us to lower the radiation dose while maintaining therapeutic efficacy, thereby minimizing radiation-induced side effects. Citation Format: Rosamaria Ruggieri, Daniel Markowitz, Caitlin Powell, Nhan Tran, Magimairajanissai Vanan, Mingzu He, Yousef Al-Abed, Marc Symons. Pharmacological inhibition of MRK/ZAK kinase for the treatment of medulloblastoma. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 106th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2015 Apr 18-22; Philadelphia, PA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2015;75(15 Suppl):Abstract nr 3338. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2015-3338
Carbonaceous nano-additives augment microwave-enabled thermal remediation of soils containing petroleum hydrocarbons (2016)

Remediating soils contaminated with heavy hydrocarbons (C12–C40) from petrochemical exploration activities is a major environmental challenge across the globe.
61.5L: <i>Late‐News Paper</i>: Highly Efficient White OLEDs with Single Solution‐Processed Emitting Layer Consisting of Three Kinds of Dopants (2013)

Abstract We achieved a highly efficient white organic light emitting diode with a single emitting layer consisting of three kinds of dopants. The emitting layer was fabricated with a one‐step solution coating process. A maximum power efficiency of 70 lm/W was obtained by applying high photoluminescent quantum yield dopants and improving light‐extraction efficiency.
Integration of a split word line ferroelectric memory using a novel etching technology (1999)

Abstract A ferroelectric random access memory (FeRAM) was fabricated using a novel processing technology to investigate the characteristics of the FeRAM with a new cell structure. The new cell includes two split word lines (SWL's) which play roles not only as word lines but also as plate lines. This structure can enhance operation speed and prevent the decrease of remnant polarization of non-selected cell capacitors in write/read operation since SWL's can be driven independently. The cell capacitors were composed of Pt electrodes and the sol-gel derived Pb(Zr,Ti)O3 films. An efficient procedure to realize the new cell structure is proposed by introducing a new etching method, which includes the one-step patterning of a metal-ferroelectric-metal (MFM) and a metal-ferroelectric (MF) using a metal mask (Ti or Ru) and an etch stopping layer (TiO2 or RuO2). The degradation of the ferroelectric capacitors due to etching process and interlayer dielectric (ILD) deposition process was almost recovered by annealing in oxygen. Memory operation was confirmed in the 2T/2C SWL FeRAM with the capacitor area down to 16 μm2. Keywords: FeRAMferroelectricPZT filmPt electrodesol-gel
Novel polyp detection technology for colonoscopy: 3D optical scanner (2020)

<b>Background and study aims </b> Fifty-eight percent of American adults aged 50 to 75 undergo colonoscopies. Multiple factors result in missed lesions, at a rate of approximately 20 %, potentially subjecting patients to colorectal cancer. We report on use of a miniaturized optical scanner and accompanying processing software capable of detecting, measuring, and locating polyps with sub-millimeter accuracy, all in real time. <b>Materials and methods </b> A prototype 3 D optical scanner was developed that fits within the dimensions of a standard endoscope. After calibration, the system was evaluated in an ex-vivo porcine colon model, using silicon-made polyps. <b>Results </b> The average distance between two adjacent points in the 3 D point cloud was 94 µm. The results demonstrate high-accuracy measurements and 3 D models while operating at short distances. The scanner detected 6 mm × 3 mm polyps in every trial and identified polyp location with 95-µm accuracy. Registration errors were less than 0.8 % between point clouds based on physical features. <b>Conclusion </b> We demonstrated that a novel 3 D optical scanning system improves the performance of colonoscopy procedures by using a combination of 3 D and 2 D optical scanning and fast, accurate software for extracting data and generating models. Further studies of the system are warranted.
Capacitive detection in resonant MEMS with arbitrary amplitude of motion (2007)

Detection of motion with parallel plate capacitors is commonly used in MEMS; small amplitude of motion is typically assumed. In this paper, we derive precise and constructive equations for the case of parallel plate capacitive detection of arbitrary amplitude of motion. These equations are solved in closed form without using a small displacement assumption. A precise relation between the amplitude of the mechanical motion and the amplitude of the electrical sensing signals is obtained, which allows us to eliminate the nonlinearity error of parallel plates. To illustrate the theoretical findings, MEMS test structures were designed and fabricated. Experiments confirm the developed theory. The formulated algorithms of detection are especially valuable for capacitive detection of large amplitudes of periodic motion in dynamic MEMS sensors and actuators.
Data-driven estimation of noise variance stabilization parameters for low-dose x-ray images (2020)

The parameters needed to calculate the GAT can be estimated efficiently and robustly using a data-driven approach. The improved parameter estimation method facilitates a more accurate GAT-based NVS and, hence, better denoising of low-dose x-ray images when algorithms designed for additive Gaussian noise are applied.
A Novel Decision Making Procedure during Wakefulness for Screening Obstructive Sleep Apnea using Anthropometric Information and Tracheal Breathing Sounds (2019)

Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is an underdiagnosed common disorder. Undiagnosed OSA, in particular, increases the perioperative morbidity and mortality risks for OSA patients undergoing surgery requiring full anesthesia. OSA screening using the gold standard, Polysomnography (PSG), is expensive and time-consuming. This study offers an objective and accurate tool for screening OSA during wakefulness by a few minutes of breathing sounds recording. Our proposed algorithm (AWakeOSA) extracts an optimized set (3-4) of breathing sound features specific to each anthropometric feature (i.e. age, sex, etc.) for each subject. These personalized group (e.g. age) classification features are then used to determine OSA severity in the test subject for that anthropomorphic parameter. Each of the anthropomorphic parameter classifications is weighted and summed to produce a final OSA severity classification. The tracheal breathing sounds of 199 individuals (109 with apnea/hypopnea index (AHI) < 15 as non-OSA and 90 with AHI ≥ 15 as moderate/severe-OSA) were recorded during wakefulness in the supine position. The sound features sensitive to OSA were extracted from a training set (n = 100). The rest were used as a blind test dataset. Using Random-Forest classification, the training dataset was shuffled 1200-6000 times to avoid any training bias. This routine resulted in 81.4%, 80.9%, and 82.1% classification accuracy, sensitivity, and specificity, respectively, on the blind-test dataset which was similar to the results for the out-of-bag-validation applied to the training dataset. These results provide a proof of concept for AWakeOSA algorithm as an accurate, reliable and quick OSA screening tool that can be done in less than 10 minutes during wakefulness.
Differential Effect of the Deletion of African Swine Fever Virus Virulence-Associated Genes in the Induction of Attenuation of the Highly Virulent Georgia Strain (2019)

African swine fever virus (ASFV) is the etiological agent of an often lethal disease of domestic pigs, African swine fever (ASF). The ASFV Georgia 2007 isolate (ASFV-G) is responsible for the current epidemic situation in Europe and Asia. Genetically modified ASFVs containing deletions of virulence-associated genes have produced attenuated phenotypes and induced protective immunity in swine. Here we describe the differential behavior of two viral genes, NL (DP71L) and UK (DP96R), both originally described as being involved in virus virulence. Deletion of either of these genes efficiently attenuated ASFV strain E70. We demonstrated that deletion of the UK gene from the ASFV-G genome did not decrease virulence when compared to the parental virus. Conversely, deletion of the NL gene produced a heterogeneous response, with early death in one of the animals and transient fever in the other animals. With this knowledge, we attempted to increase the safety profile of the previously reported experimental vaccine ASFV-GΔ9GL/ΔUK by deleting the NL gene. A triple gene-deletion virus was produced, ASFV-GΔ9GL/ΔNL/ΔUK. Although ASFV-GΔ9GL/ΔNL/ΔUK replicated in primary cell cultures of swine macrophages, it demonstrated a severe replication deficiency in pigs, failing to induce protection against challenge with parental ASFV-G.
Attractive or Not? (2014)

Facial attractiveness is an ever-lasting issue in art and social science. It also draws considerable attention from multimedia community recently. In this paper, we develop a framework highlighting attractiveness-aware feature extracted from a pair of auto-encoders to learn human-like assessment of facial beauty. Our work is fully-automatic that does not require any landmark and puts no restrictions on the faces' pose, expressions, and lighting conditions and therefore is applicable on a larger and more diverse dataset. To this end, first, a pair of auto-encoders is built respectively with beauty images and non-beauty images, which can be used to extract attractiveness-aware features by putting test images into both encoders. Second, we further enhance the performance using an efficient robust low-rank fusion framework to integrate the predicted confidence scores which are obtained based on certain kinds of features. We show that our attractiveness-aware model with multiple layers of auto-encoders produces appealing results and performs better than previous appearance-based approaches.
Blind source separation and deconvolution by dynamic component analysis (2002)

We derive new unsupervised learning rules for blind separation of mixed and convolved sources. These rules are nonlinear in the signals and thus exploit high-order spatiotemporal statistics to achieve separation. The derivation is based on a global optimization formulation of the separation problem, yielding a stable algorithm. Different rules are obtained from frequency- and time-domain optimization. We illustrate the performance of this method by successfully separating convolutive mixtures of speech signals.
The cancer growth suppressor gene <i>mda-</i> 7 selectively induces apoptosis in human breast cancer cells and inhibits tumor growth in nude mice (1998)

A differentiation induction subtraction hybridization strategy is being used to identify and clone genes involved in growth control and terminal differentiation in human cancer cells. This scheme identified melanoma differentiation associated gene-7 (mda-7), whose expression is up-regulated as a consequence of terminal differentiation in human melanoma cells. Forced expression of mda-7 is growth inhibitory toward diverse human tumor cells. The present studies elucidate the mechanism by which mda-7 selectively suppresses the growth of human breast cancer cells and the consequence of ectopic expression of mda-7 on human breast tumor formation in vivo in nude mice. Infection of wild-type, mutant, and null p53 human breast cancer cells with a recombinant type 5 adenovirus expressing mda-7, Ad.mda-7 S, inhibited growth and induced programmed cell death (apoptosis). Induction of apoptosis correlated with an increase in BAX protein, an established inducer of programmed cell death, and an increase in the ratio of BAX to BCL-2, an established inhibitor of apoptosis. Infection of breast carcinoma cells with Ad.mda-7 S before injection into nude mice inhibited tumor development. In contrast, ectopic expression of mda-7 did not significantly alter cell cycle kinetics, growth rate, or survival in normal human mammary epithelial cells. These data suggest that mda-7 induces its selective anticancer properties in human breast carcinoma cells by promoting apoptosis that occurs independent of p53 status. On the basis of its selective anticancer inhibitory activity and its direct antitumor effects, mda-7 may represent a new class of cancer suppressor genes that could prove useful for the targeted therapy of human cancer.
Antigenic S-type lipopolysaccharide of Brucella abortus 1119-3 (1984)

Antigenic phenol-phase soluble lipopolysaccharide isolated from Brucella abortus 1119-3 by hot phenol-water extraction was shown by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, controlled hydrolysis, periodate oxidation, methylation, and 1H and 13C nuclear magnetic resonance studies to be an S-type lipopolysaccharide which could be cleaved to yield a lipid A and an O-chain polysaccharide identified as an unbranched linear homopolymer of 1,2-linked 4,6-dideoxy-4-formamido-alpha-D-mannopyranosyl residues. The serological reactivity of bovine antiserum to B. abortus 1119-3 with the lipopolysaccharides of Yersinia enterocolitica serotype O:9 and Vibrio cholerae species has now been related to the occurrence of 1,2-linked N-acylated 4-amino-4,6-dideoxy-alpha-D-mannopyranosyl units in the O-chain polysaccharides of their lipopolysaccharides.
Heterogeneous Spacecraft Networks: General concept and case study of a cost-effective, multi-institutional Earth observation platform (2014)

In recent years the Mission Design Center (MDC) at NASA Ames Research Center has been studying mission concepts involving clusters of small spacecraft capable of providing cost-effective solutions in orbit compared to space missions involving only a single larger spacecraft. Low-cost networks of small spacecraft can be a viable alternative to large budget Earth observation or space exploration missions producing significant scientific return for often moderate development efforts and short lead times. This paper is the first in a series of 3 companion papers in which we make the point that the scientific value (and hence the cost effectiveness) of small multi-spacecraft missions can be further increased if the network of spacecraft is allowed to be heterogeneous. We define Heterogeneous Spacecraft Networks (HSNs) to be networks of spacecraft having different operators or originating from different missions that are able to communicate with each other in a low-cost manner and with low impact on overall system resources. HSN incorporates both the space segment and ground segment for an end-to-end solution. In this contribution we illustrate the strength of the HSN approach by presenting a general concept for a HSN in LEO as well as a case study showcasing the value of such a network. In particular, we present a case study where we examine the feasibility of a low-cost, multi-institutional network of small spacecraft acting as a next-generation Earth Observation (EO) platform and focusing on ad-hoc data relay to maximize throughput. In the simulation we show that the downlink throughput of an HSN can be larger by an order of magnitude compared to the conventional scenario where no networking capability exists. Other benefits of using a HSN as a next-generation increment of existing capabilities include increased revisit frequencies as well as the ability to collect correlated data simultaneously from distributed locations around the globe using either conventional or fractionated spacecraft. We list key performance requirements for a HSN in order to produce a desirable scientific return and present a concept of operations (ConOps) for the practical implementation. In the ConOps we discuss the required performance of the inter-satellite and space-to-ground links and give an overview of the associated ground station network. We give an overview of the network management techniques required to operate and control the network on a day-to-day basis and address the issues of network configuration, network discovery and security, as well as fault and performance management. The paper ends with an outlook on the paradigm shift HSNs may introduce in the domain of space operations. We also list a number of promising applications making use of the strength of the concept.
Inhibitors of Acyl-CoA:Cholesterol <i>O</i>-Acyl Transferase (ACAT) as Hypocholesterolemic Agents. CI-1011:  An Acyl Sulfamate with Unique Cholesterol-Lowering Activity in Animals Fed Noncholesterol-Supplemented Diets (1996)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVLetterNEXTInhibitors of Acyl-CoA:Cholesterol O-Acyl Transferase (ACAT) as Hypocholesterolemic Agents. CI-1011: An Acyl Sulfamate with Unique Cholesterol-Lowering Activity in Animals Fed Noncholesterol-Supplemented DietsHelen T. Lee, Drago R. Sliskovic, Joseph A. Picard, Bruce D. Roth, Wendell Wierenga, James L. Hicks, Richard F. Bousley, Katherine L. Hamelehle, Reynold Homan, Cecilia Speyer, Richard L. Stanfield, and Brian R. KrauseView Author Information Departments of Medicinal Chemistry, Radiochemistry, and Vascular and Cardiac Diseases, Parke-Davis Pharmaceutical Research, Division of Warner-Lambert Company, 2800 Plymouth Road, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48105 Cite this: J. Med. Chem. 1996, 39, 26, 5031–5034Publication Date (Web):December 20, 1996Publication History Received26 September 1996Published online20 December 1996Published inissue 1 January 1996https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jm960674dhttps://doi.org/10.1021/jm960674drapid-communicationACS PublicationsCopyright © 1996 American Chemical SocietyRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views886Altmetric-Citations81LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (1)»Supporting Information Supporting Information SUBJECTS:Cholesterol,Inhibitors,Peptides and proteins,Plasma,Rodent models Get e-Alerts
Molecular genetics of RH. (2000)

The RH gene locus is a model system for molecular polymorphism in clustered genes and suitable for studying molecular evolution in humans. It lends itself for developing molecular diagnostics because its genetics is appropriately complex and challenging; yet the expressed phenotypes have been studied for decades and are well understood. Legal and ethical issues that are rightfully of public concern would not be infringed if RH genotyping will be attempted on a massive scale.