gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Electron impact ionization in a microion trap mass spectrometer (1999)

A microscale ion trap mass spectrometer (r0=0.50 mm, z0=0.55 mm) with an electron gun for electron impact ionization of gaseous samples is described. Operated in the mass-instability mode, the trap had a m/z range from 40 to 400 Da. For single scans, peak widths of less than 0.2 Da were obtained.
Reversible crosslinking in epoxy resins. I. Feasibility studies (1990)

Abstract The objective of the research is to investigate epoxy resins where crosslinks formed in curing reactions can be cleaved and reformed without significant sacrifice in resin properties. In this phase of the investigation, experimental disulfide‐containing crosslinking agents have been studied, including dihydrazides of dithiodicarboxylic acids(aliphatic and aromatic) and dithio‐aromatic diamines. Conditions for curing reactions and for subsequent cleavage of crosslinks by reduction have been determined in model systems and confirmed for a prototype epoxy resin. A preliminary comparative evaluation of cure kinetics and of crosslink density and thermal and mechanical properties has been carried out for this resin cured with aromatic curing agents (4,4′‐dithiodianiline and methylene dianiline) and with aliphatic compounds (3,3′‐dithiopropionic acid dihydrazide and hexamethylene diamine). It has been shown that in a resin fully cured with disulfide‐containing crosslinking agents, crosslinks could be ruptured by reduction, and reestablished by oxidation under mild conditions.
Automated multi-dimensional elasticity for streaming runtimes (2019)

We present the multi-dimensional elasticity support in IBM Streams 4.3. Automatic operator fusion and dynamic threading were introduced in IBM Streams 4.2, which made it easier to map distributed stream processing to multicore systems through a low-cost operator scheduler and thread count elasticity. To enable these features, the same threading model was applied to the entire application. However, in practice, we have found that some applications have regions best executed under different threading models. In this poster, we introduce threading model elasticity and design a coherent ecosystem for both threading model elasticity and thread count elasticity. We propose an online, stable multidimensional elastic control algorithm that adapts different regions of a streaming application to different threading models and number of threads.
Silicon ultrasonic horn actuated microprobes based self-calibrating viscosity sensor (2010)

We report on a microfabricated silicon ultrasonic horn-driven microprobes with polysilicon strain-gauges and integrated Pt-based immersion depth sensors for fluid viscosity measurement. Non-linear flexural vibration induced in the microprobes by the silicon horn actuated at its longitudinal resonance, is monitored and its damping is used to estimate fluid viscosity. Vibration damping in ethylene glycol solutions of varying viscosities are quantified and modeled, and high sensitivity (~0.13mV/mPa.s) is demonstrated in the normal blood viscosity range. Whole blood coagulation in a ~5¿l sample is measured by monitoring the frequency of the flexural vibration, demonstrating its applicability as a real-time blood viscosity sensor.
Production of hybrid anthracycline antibiotics by heterologous expression of Streptomyces nogalater nogalamycin biosynthesis genes (1996)

A cluster of anthracycline biosynthetic genes isolated from Streptomyces nogalater was expressed in Streptomyces lividans and in Streptomyces galilaeus. A 12 kb DNA fragment cloned from this cluster in pIJ486 caused the production of a novel compound when introduced into S. lividans. The compound is derived from nogalonic acid methyl ester, an early intermediate in nogalamycin biosynthesis. Complementation with the cloned 12 kb fragment of S. galilaeus mutants blocked in aclacinomycin biosynthesis caused the production of hybrid anthracyclines. Cloning of the nogalamycin gene cluster should make possible a detailed study of the biosynthesis of this interesting antibiotic, as well as the production of novel anthracyclines of potential value as cytostatic drugs.
Tetraplegia to Overground Stepping Using Non-Invasive Spinal Neuromodulation (2019)

Paralysis of the upper extremity (UE) and lower extremity (LE) following cervical spinal cord injury (SCI) significantly impairs the individual's ability to live independently. While improvement in hand function is considered one of the most desired functions in tetraplegics, few therapies have been successfully developed. Spinal cord stimulation have been shown to be effective in enabling UE and LE function individually. However, improvement of both UE and LE function concomitantly, using the same therapeutic modality has not been demonstrated. This study demonstrates that noninvasive neuromodulation of the spinal cord can improve hand function and stepping abilities in an individual with severe chronic paralysis. The improvements in UE and LE function were accompanied by improvement in autonomic function and sensation below the level of the lesion. Regaining these functions in the individual with severe, chronic paralysis had dramatic impacts functionally and psychologically.
<i>In situ</i> synthesis of superconducting MgB2 fibers within a magnesium matrix (2003)

Composite wires, consisting of several hundred continuous MgB2 fibers embedded within an Mg matrix, are produced by a casting method, whereby liquid Mg is pressure infiltrated into a preform of aligned B fibers which are subsequently reacted in situ to form MgB2 fibers. Despite defects in the form of small, unreacted B islands and radial cracks from volume expansion, the MgB2 fibers exhibit superconducting properties (Tc=39 K and Jc=360 kA/cm2 at 5 K) comparable to the best results published for bulk MgB2. The fibers are cylindrical and straight, allowing high packing densities within a mechanically tough, thermally dissipating, electrically conductive Mg matrix. The process is scalable to continuous lengths of superconducting Mg/MgB2 wires.
Development of Catechin, Poly-<scp>l</scp>-lysine, and Double-Stranded RNA Nanoparticles (2021)

Developing strategies to optimize double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) delivery remains a significant challenge in improving RNA interference (RNAi) in insects. Nanoformulations may provide an avenue for the safe and effective delivery of dsRNA. We investigated nanoparticle-mediated gene silencing using biodegradable polymers, poly-l-lysine (PLL), and polyphenol (-)-epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG) for dsRNA delivery into <i>Spodoptera frugiperda</i> (Sf9) cells. Negatively charged cores were formed by EGCG and dsRNA complexes, and PLL was used to encapsulate the cores. The nanoparticles were characterized by dynamic light scattering (DLS), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), scanning transmission electron microscopy (STEM), and energy-dispersive spectrometry (EDS) analysis. The stability of the nanoparticles was assessed by incubating them in nuclease-containing Sf9 cell conditioned media. The effectiveness of the nanoparticles was investigated in Sf9 cells stably expressing the <i>luciferase</i> gene. The results revealed that the nanoparticles formed were small and spherical. The PLL/EGCG/dsRNA nanoparticles exhibited better stability compared to that of PLL/dsRNA or naked dsRNA. Nanoparticles prepared with dsRNA targeting the <i>luciferase</i> gene induced an efficient knockdown (66.7%) of the target gene. In Sf9 cells, nanoparticles prepared with Cy3- or CyPHer-5E-labeled dsRNA showed higher cellular uptake and endosomal escape, respectively, than the naked dsRNA. The improvement in uptake and cytosolic delivery may have helped to increase the knockdown efficiency. In Sf9 cells, the nanoparticles prepared with dsRNA targeting the <i>inhibitor of apoptosis</i> gene induced apoptosis by knocking down its expression. In conclusion, we demonstrate that PLL/EGCG/dsRNA nanoparticles are stable, highly efficient, and effective in dsRNA delivery and knockdown of the target gene.
Laterally Coupled DFB Lasers for One-Step Growth Photonic Integrated Circuits in InP (2009)

Design and characterization of a transmitter building block for one-step growth photonic integration, featuring a 1310 - nm laterally coupled distributed-feedback laser with a front-side passive optical waveguide and a back-side optical power monitor, are presented. Formed on a semi-insulating Fe : InP substrate and processed by means of a stepper optical lithography, the device perfectly suits the multiguide vertical integration-a newly developed one-step growth photonic integrated technique in InP.
Teniae Coli–based Circumferential Localization System for CT Colonography: Feasibility Study (2007)

This HIPAA-compliant study, with institutional review board approval and informed patient consent, was conducted to retrospectively develop a teniae coli-based circumferential localization method for guiding virtual colon navigation and colonic polyp registration. Colonic surfaces (n = 72) were depicted at computed tomographic (CT) colonography performed in 36 patients (26 men, 10 women; age range, 47-72 years) in the supine and prone positions. For 70 (97%) colonic surfaces, the tenia omentalis (TO), the most visible of the three teniae coli on a well-distended colonic surface, was manually extracted from the cecum to the descending colon. By virtually dissecting and flattening the colon along the TO, the authors developed a localization system involving 12 grid lines to estimate the circumferential positions of polyps. A sessile polyp would most likely (at 95% confidence level) be found within +/-1.2 grid lines (one grid line equals 1/12 the circumference) with use of the proposed method. By orienting and positioning the virtual cameras with use of the new localization system, synchronized prone and supine navigation was achieved. The teniae coli are extractable landmarks, and the teniae coli-based circumferential localization system helps guide virtual navigation and polyp registration at CT colonography.
Needs, Trends, and Advances in Inorganic Scintillators (2018)

This paper presents new developments in inorganic scintillators widely used for radiation detection. It addresses major emerging research topics outlining current needs for applications and material sciences issues with the overall aim to provide an up-to-date picture of the field. While the traditional forms of scintillators have been crystals and ceramics, new research on films, nanoparticles, and microstructured materials is discussed as these material forms can bring new functionality and therefore find applications in radiation detection. The last part of the contribution reports on the very recent evolutions of the most advanced theories, methods, and analyses to describe the scintillation mechanisms.
Semaphorin3A: A potential therapeutic tool in immune-mediated diseases (2017)

The significance of semaphorin3A (sema3A) in regulating immune-mediated inflammation is widely reported. There are multiple mechanisms involved in the process of sema3A-mediated regulation. One of them is the ability of sema3A to maintain a sufficient regulation of both T-cell and B-cell activation. Because it is involved in the pathogenesis of many autoimmune, infectious, and malignant diseases, sema3A turns to be a promising therapeutic tool to be studied and applied in these diseases.
Network Time Protocol Version 4 (NTPv4) Extension Fields (2016)

The Network Time Protocol version 4 (NTPv4) defines the optional usage
of extension fields. An extension field, as defined in RFC 5905, is an
optional field that resides at the end of the NTP header and that can
be used to add optional capabilities or additional information that is
not conveyed in the standard NTP header. This document updates RFC
5905 by clarifying some points regarding NTP extension fields and
their usage with Message Authentication Codes (MACs).
Harmonic Motion Imaging (HMI) for Tumor Imaging and Treatment Monitoring (2012)

Palpation is an established screening procedure for the detection of several superficial cancers including breast, thyroid, prostate, and liver tumors through both self and clinical examinations. This is because solid masses typically have distinct stiffnesses compared to the surrounding normal tissue. In this paper, the application of Harmonic Motion Imaging (HMI) for tumor detection based on its stiffness as well as its relevance in thermal treatment is reviewed. HMI uses a focused ultrasound (FUS) beam to generate an oscillatory acoustic radiation force for an internal, non-contact palpation to internally estimate relative tissue hardness. HMI studies have dealt with the measurement of the tissue dynamic motion in response to an oscillatory acoustic force at the same frequency, and have been shown feasible in simulations, phantoms, ex vivo human and bovine tissues as well as animals in vivo. Using an FUS beam, HMI can also be used in an ideal integration setting with thermal ablation using high-intensity focused ultrasound (HIFU), which also leads to an alteration in the tumor stiffness. In this paper, a short review of HMI is provided that encompasses the findings in all the aforementioned areas. The findings presented herein demonstrate that the HMI displacement can accurately depict the underlying tissue stiffness, and the HMI image of the relative stiffness could accurately detect and characterize the tumor or thermal lesion based on its distinct properties. HMI may thus constitute a non-ionizing, cost-efficient and reliable complementary method for noninvasive tumor detection, localization, diagnosis and treatment monitoring.
An Algorithm Architecture Co-Design for CMOS Compressive High Dynamic Range Imaging (2016)

Standard image sensors feature dynamic range about 60 to 70 dB while the light flux of natural scenes may be over 120 dB. Most imagers dedicated to address such dynamic ranges, need specific, and large pixels. However, canonical imagers can be used for high dynamic range (HDR) by performing multicapture acquisitions to compensate saturation. This technique is made possible at the expense of the need for large memory requirements and an increase of the overall acquisition time. On the other hand, the implementation of compressive sensing (CS) raises the same issues regarding the modifications of both the pixel and the readout circuitry. Assuming HDR images are sufficiently sparse, CS claims they can be reconstructed from few random linear measurements. A novel CS-based image sensor design is presented in this paper allowing a compressive acquisition without changing the classical pixel design, as well as the overall sensor architecture. In addition to regular CS, HDR CS is enabled thanks to specific time diagrams of the control signals. An alternative nondestructive column-based readout mode constitutes the main change compared to a traditional functioning. The HDR reconstruction, which is also presented in this paper, is based on merging the information of multicapture compressed measurements while taking into account noise sources and nonlinearities introduced by both the proposed acquisition scheme and its practical implementation.
Low-Reflectance Surfaces For Solar Cells (1994)

Improved method for increasing solar cell efficiency has potential application for space-based and terrestrial solar power systems and optoelectronic devices. Etched low-angle grooves help recover reflected light. Light reflected from v-grooved surface trapped in cover glass and adhesive by total internal reflection. Reflected light redirected onto surface, and greater fraction of incident light absorbed, producing more electrical energy in InP solar photovoltaic cell.
A Subsurface Explorer for Deep Underground Exploration on Mars (2000)

A subsurface explorer (SSX) is being developed at the Jet Propulsion Laboratory which is suitable for exploration of the deep underground environments on Mars. The device is a self-contained piledriver which uses a novel 'spinning hammer' technology to convert a small continuous power feed from the surface over a two-wire tether into a large rotational energy of a spinning mass. The rotational energy is converted to translational energy by a novel mechanism described here. The hammer blows propagate as shock waves through a nosepiece, pulverizing the medium ahead of the SSX. A small portion of the pulverized medium is returned to the surface through a hole liner extending behind the SSX. This tube is 'cast in place' from two chemical feedstocks which come down from the surface through passages in the hole liner and which are reacted together to produce new material with which to produce the hole liner. The lined hole does not need to be the full diameter of the SSX: approximately 100 kilograms of liner material can create a tunnel liner with a three millimeter inside diameter and a six millimeter outside diameter with at total length of four kilometers. Thus it is expected that core samples representing an overlapping set of three-millimeter diameter cores extending the entire length of the SSX traverse could be returned to the surface. A pneumatic prototype has been built which penetrated easily to the bottom of an eight meter vertical test facility. An electric prototype is now under construction. It is expected that the SSX will be able to penetrate through sand or mixed regolith, ice, permafrost, or solid rock, such as basalt. For pure or nearly pure ice applications, the device may be augmented with hot water jets to melt the ice and stir any sediment which may build up ahead of the vehicle. It is expected that an SSX approximately one meter long, three to four centimeters in diameter, and with a power budget of approximately 200 Watts will be able to explore up to approximately five kilometers deep at the rate of about ten meters per day.
How to start-up dual-arm cluster tools involving a wafer revisiting process (2015)

For some wafer fabrication processes, e.g., atomic layer deposition, wafers need to visit some process modules for a number of times instead of once, which leads to a revisiting process. It is complicated to schedule cluster tools with wafer revisiting in semiconductor fabrication. Most studies on cluster tool scheduling aim to find the optimal steady state schedule. However, the recent trend to run small batches of different wafers has raised more needs for efficient start-up and close-down processes of cluster tools with wafer revisiting. This paper introduces two scheduling strategies to schedule the start-up transient process. After the tool finishes it from the idle state, it reaches a required steady state from which an optimal one-wafer cyclic schedule can be put into use. An industrial case is given to show the applications of the obtained results.
Managing multi-configuration hardware via dynamic working set analysis (2002)

Microprocessors are designed to provide good average performance over a variety of workloads. This can lead to inefficiencies both in power and performance for individual programs and during individual phases within the same program. Microarchitectures with multi-configuration units (e.g. caches, predictors, instruction windows) are able to adapt dynamically to program behavior and enable/disable resources as needed. A key element of existing configuration algorithms is adjusting to program phase changes. This is typically done by "tuning" when a phase change is detected --- i.e. sequencing through a series of trial configurations and selecting the best.Algorithms that dynamically collect and analyze program working set information are studied. To make this practical, we propose working set signatures --- highly compressed working set representations (e.g. 32-128 bytes total). Algorithms use working set signatures to 1) detect working set changes and trigger re-tuning; 2) identify, recurring working sets and re-install saved optimal reconfigurations, thus avoiding the time-consuming tuning process; 3) estimate working set sizes to configure caches directly to the proper size, also avoiding the tuning process. Multi-configuration instruction caches are used to demonstrate the performance of the proposed algorithms. When applied to reconfigurable instruction caches, an algorithm that identifies recurring phases achieves power savings and performance similar to the best algorithm reported to date, but with orders-of-magnitude savings in the number of re-tunings.
New Apparatus Tests Pressure-Suit Joints (1982)

New apparatus measures applied torque and angle-of-flexure in pressurized flexible joints, such as those found in diving suits and flight suits. Torque and flexure are permanently recorded on x-y plotter. Family of curves can be taken as function of suit pressure or other variables. Apparatus could also measure torque-versus-angle in mechanical linkages.
Development of the rail conveyor technology (2017)

This article describes a new continuous conveying technology for the transportation of bulk materials. The new technology merges the benefits of both belt conveyor technology and railway to produce a highly energy-efficient and cost-effective bulk material transportation system known as the Rail Conveyor. An overview of the development of the Rail Conveyor system is presented, including scale model construction and evaluation, development and testing of a full-scale demonstration system, and a detailed economic comparison with belt conveyors. The Rail Conveyor provides an innovative and novel departure from conventional bulk material transportation systems with significant energy and economic benefits.
Synthesis and Characterization of Multifunctional Branched Amphiphilic Peptide Bilayer Conjugated Gold Nanoparticles (2018)

We provide strong chemical and biophysical evidence that documents that branched amphiphilic peptides, BAPs, known to assemble into spherical nanoassemblies in solution, do assemble as peptide-bilayer-delimited capsules. These nanoassemblies are termed branched amphiphilic peptide capsules (BAPCs). BAPCs are taken up by cells and accumulate in the perinuclear region to persist there without apparent degradation. BAPCs also entrap small proteins and solutes and stably encapsulate α-particle-emitting radionuclides. We have devised a method utilizing thiol chemistry to conjugate these peptide sequences onto gold nanoparticles (≤5 nm) with the objective of demonstrating the assembly of these peptides into a bilayer. The peptides are initially assembled as a monolayer on the gold surface via interaction with cysteine residues on the peptide C-terminus in an organic solvent. The subsequent transition of these peptide-monolayer-protected gold nanoparticles to an aqueous solution in the presence of excess peptides led to the formation of the peptide bilayer on the gold surface. The approach was exploited further to produce bilayer-coated magnetic nanoparticles. The innovation described in this study provides a stable metallic nanoparticle–peptide conjugate system that will help to determine interactions of BAPs in a biological system, with relative ease, important for developing future applications such as simultaneous delivery and imaging of surface-bound molecules of interest.
Nanoscale doping of InAs via sulfur monolayers (2009)

One of the challenges for the nanoscale device fabrication of III-V semiconductors is controllable postdeposition doping techniques to create ultrashallow junctions. Here, we demonstrate nanoscale, sulfur doping of InAs planar substrates with high dopant areal dose and uniformity by using a self-limiting monolayer doping approach. From transmission electron microscopy and secondary ion mass spectrometry, a dopant profile abruptness of ∼3.5 nm/decade is observed without significant defect density. The n+/p+ junctions fabricated by using this doping scheme exhibit negative differential resistance characteristics, further demonstrating the utility of this approach for device fabrication with high electrically active sulfur concentrations of ∼8×1018 cm−3.