gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Laboratory and Field Tests of a Novel Three-Stage Personal Dust Sampler for Sampling Three Dust Fractions Simultaneously (2008)

This study designed and calibrated a novel three-stage personal dust sampler for sampling inhalable, thoracic, and respirable dust fractions simultaneously. The sampler has an annular inlet as the first stage for inhalable dust sampling, two impactors in the second and third stages to classify thoracic and respirable dusts, respectively, and a final filter. Laboratory calibration tests using monodisperse liquid and solid particles showed that with 100 ppi (pores per inch) PUF (porous polyurethane foam) substrates and at the flow rate of 3.2 L/min, the sampling efficiency curves of both impactor stages matched with the ISO/CEN/ACGIH thoracic and respirable sampling criteria, respectively. The sampler also agreed with the inhalable criterion for particles smaller than 17 μ m while the deviation increases with increasing particle diameter with a maximum of 28% for 27 μ m particles. It was also found that collection efficiency curve for solid particles was similar to that of liquid particles, indicating that there was no solid particle bounce from the PUF substrates for both impactors. This study also compared inhalable, thoracic, and respirable dust concentrations measured by the present three-stage personal dust samplers with those of the Respicon samplers at three different workplaces. Without using a correction factor of 1.5 for the extrathoracic dusts of the Respicon, field results showed that the present three-stage sampler measured three dust fractions comparable to those of the Respicon samplers. The inhalable dust concentrations of the two samplers differed within 5% while the thoracic and respirable concentration differed by less than 22%.
The Use of Alkaliphilic Bacteria-based Repair Solution for Porous Network Concrete Healing Mechanism (2017)

<p>Bacteria induced calcium carbonate precipitation based on metabolic conversion of nutrients has been acknowledged for having potentials in self-healing cement-based materials. Recent studies have shown the development of bacteria-based repair solution (liquid) for concrete surface repair. This article demonstrates the feasible application of the solution as healing agent to be injected into porous network concrete (PNC). This type of concrete has a porous core which can be used as a media to transport healing agents into the fracture zone. The repair capacity of the solution have been assessed by monitoring the bio-mineral precipitation in the porous cylinder cores. The X-ray tomography and permeability tests at certain time interval were carried out before and after injection of the solution. Polished sections were prepared and examined under ESEM after healing period to investigate healing capacity. The healing potential was then tested by injecting the solution into PNC. The injection of tap water and bacteria based solution was performed through porous network until it reached and flew out through the crack which was formed by three-point bending loading. The healing efficiency was measured by water permeability test before and after injection at several time intervals. The specimens injected with bacteria based solution and cured in wet condition showed higher healing efficiency compared to dry cured specimens.</p>
Microwave plasma continuous emissions monitor for trace-metals in furnace exhaust (1996)

A microwave plasma continuous emissions monitor has been successfully demonstrated for sensitive (&lt;1 ppb), real time measurements of trace metals in furnace exhaust. The instrument uses a robust, up to 1.5 kW, 2.45 GHz microwave plasma sustained in a portion of the undiluted furnace exhaust flow for atomic emission spectroscopy. The waveguide device is constructed of refractory materials compatible with high-temperature environments (≳500 °C) and is flange mountable into the inside of the furnace exhaust duct. Fused quartz fiber optics in close proximity to the plasma flame transmit the UV through visible emission (190–690 nm) to three spectrometers for simultaneous monitoring of several metals. This instrument has been used for continuous monitoring for a 49 h period with 0.5 s time resolution on a dc graphite electrode arc furnace during a soil vitrification test. Results are presented for chromium, manganese, and iron emissions during soil loading operations.
Functionalized multi-walled carbon nanotube based sensors for distributed methane leak detection (2015)

This paper presents a highly sensitive, energy efficient and low-cost distributed methane (CH <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">4</sub> ) sensor system (DMSS) for continuous monitoring, detection and localization of CH <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">4</sub> leaks in natural gas infrastructure such as transmission and distribution pipelines, wells, and production pads. The CH <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">4</sub> sensing element, a key component of the DMSS, consists of a metal oxide functionalized multi-walled carbon nanotube (MWCNT) mesh which, in comparison to existing literature, shows stronger relative resistance change while interacting with lower ppm concentration of CH <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">4</sub> . For the DMSS a Gaussian plume triangulation algorithm has been developed, which, given a geometric model of the surrounding environment, can precisely detect and localize a CH <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">4</sub> leak as well as estimate its mass flow rate.
The Role of Polymer Interface During Tree Initiation in LDPE (1986)

Based on charge transfer mechanisms at the polymer interface, it is bhown that the injected charges are responsible for the light emitted during tree initiation in LDPE subjected to highly divergent fields. Light was not only detected d in degassed specimens as reported by other workers, but also in air-impregnated (normal) specimens as well as in those impregnated with other gases. The photoemission characteristics of degassed specimens were found to be different from all others and probably are due to radiation from electron-hole recombination. In all other specimens a combination of this and other radiative phenomena could be responsible. It is proposed that at low voltages the emitted light, which is mostly in the visible spectral range, is not immediately harmful to the insulator. It is only at high voltages that the emitted light would include more energetic and intense ultraviolet (UV) radiation and this UV could cause rapid degradation of the polymer and give rise to an electrical tree.
Use of Electrolytically Generated Hydrogen as a Purge Gas for the Isolation of Volatile Organic Compounds from Groundwater (1993)

Abstract A device has been developed for use in determining parts per billion concentrations of volatile organic compounds in groundwater. This device is suitable for field use either as a self-contained, portable instrument or as an unattended monitor. The device consists of an immersible electrolysis cell in which hydrogen is generated. This hydrogen efficiently purges volatile organic compounds from water. Those volatile organic compounds are carried by the purge gas to a photoionization detector where their total concentration is measured. The significant advantages of this apparatus for use in the determination of volatile organic compounds include: 1) measurements are made in a hydrogen matrix which is free of interfering species present in water; 2) detection limits for volatile organic compounds are several orders of magnitude lower when compounds are purged from water than when they are measured in the headspace above water; 3) operation of this device does not require use of reagents or utilities other than electricity, which can be supplied by batteries; 4) the device can be readily configured such that it will fit in a small diameter sampling well; and 5) if used as a monitor in a sampling well, the only required connections with the surface would be signal and power lines. This device has a detection limit of less than 5 ppb for benzene. For 23 other organic compounds tested, response factors ranged from 0.1 to 1.5 times that for benzene. The device appears especially well-suited for use in monitoring the concentration of gasoline in groundwater in the vicinity of underground storage tanks.
Pharmacology and molecular mechanisms of retinoid action in skin (2000)

In both hypo- as well as hyper-vitaminosis A, alterations in clinical appearance and histological morphology of the skin, although non-specific, are known to occur [1 2]. Realizing the importance of vitamin A for the normal physiology of epithelial tissue, investigative dermatologists were among the first to experiment with retinoid therapeutics [3 4]. More than three decades ago, they introduced topical retinoic acid treatment for actinic keratosis, a premalignant skin condition characterized by cytologic atypia and a loss of normal differentiation of epidermal keratinocytes. Since then, a variety of dermatological conditions, ranging from acne to photoaged skin, have proven to be responsive to topical and/or systemic retinoid treatment [5]. In addition to the impressive clinical advances that have been made with retinoid therapy, there have also been significant advances in our understanding of the cutaneous effects of retinoids. Indeed, skin remains the only human tissue in which systematic analyses of retinoid biology have been made under in vivo conditions. This chapter summarizes the relevant data, emphasizing the in vivo studies on human skin that form the basis of prevailing knowledge about metabolism and molecular mechanisms of retinoid action.
Transfer molding imide resins based on 2,3,3′,4′‐biphenyltetracarboxylic dianhydride (2003)

Abstract Phenylethynyl containing imide oligomers have been under investigation as part of an effort to develop resins for non‐autoclave composite fabrication processes such as resin transfer molding (RTM). These high performance/high temperature composites are potentially useful on advanced aerospace vehicles such as reusable launch vehicles (RLVs). New phenylethynyl terminated imide oligomers (PETI) based upon 2,3,3′,4′‐biphenyltetracarboxylic dianhydride (a‐BPDA) were prepared and characterized primarily by rheological behavior and cured glass transition temperature (Tg). In comparison to resins from the symmetrical isomer (3,3′,4,4′‐biphenyltetracarboxylic dianhydride, s‐BPDA), a‐BPDA afforded corresponding resins with lower melt viscosities and upon curing, higher Tgs. Several resins exhibited an attractive combination of properties such as low and stable melt viscosities required for RTM composite fabrication, high cured Tgs, and moderate toughness. One resin (P10) was used to fabricate flat, void free laminates by RTM. The laminates exhibited high mechanical properties at temperatures to 288°C. The chemistry and physical properties of these new PETIs and the laminate properties of one composition are discussed.
Electrostatically Enhanced Stainless Steel Filters: Effect of Filter Structure and Pore Size on Particle Removal (2002)

The goal of this study was to investigate the effect of using stainless steel fibrous and porous filters as the ground electrode of a point-to-plate electrostatic precipitator on particle penetration. The effect of filter medium structure and pore size on particle removal has been investigated as a function of particle size for particles in the range of 0.03 to 1 w m and filter face velocities in the range of 15 to 75 cm/s. Furthermore, the effect of filter thickness on penetration reduction was investigated in order to develop a better understanding of the relationship between the filtration depth, filter face velocity, and particle size for each filter. Seven different filters were tested. Four of the filters were made of 316L SS sintered metal fibers and three were made of 316L SS metal powders. The pore sizes of these filters ranged from 6 w m to 100 w m. The application of the electrical field decreased particle penetration by a factor of 6 to 54, depending on filter type and filtration velocity, with higher reductions achieved at lower filtration velocities (e.g., 15 cm/s). Particle penetration did not depend significantly on particle size. Our experiments also showed that submicrometer particles are captured in the first few layers of the filters by the action of electrostatic forces. The effect of particle loading on particle penetration was also investigated at a filter face velocity of 75 cm/s. Contrary to the electrically active fibrous filters (electret), the accumulation of particles up to 25 g/m 2 did not create "back corona," which would substantially decrease the collection efficiency of the grounded filter. By comparison, the performance of electrically active fibrous filters has been shown to rapidly degrade as particle loading exceeds 2-3 g/m 2 .
Isolation of <i>Lactococcus lactis</i> nonsense suppressors and construction of a food‐grade cloning vector (1995)

Nonsense suppressor strains of Lactococcus lactis were isolated using plasmids containing nonsense mutations or as revertants of a nonsense auxotrophic mutant. The nonsense suppressor gene was cloned from two suppressor strains and the DNA sequence determined. One suppressor is an ochre suppressor with an altered tRNA(gln) and the other an amber suppressor with an altered tRNA(ser). The nonsense suppressors allowed isolation of nonsense mutants of a lytic bacteriophage and suppressible auxotrophic mutants of L. lactis MG1363. A food-grade cloning vector based totally on DNA from Lactococcus and a synthetic polylinker with 11 unique restriction sites was constructed using the ochre suppressor as a selectable marker. Selection, following electroporation of a suppressible purine auxotroph, can be done on purine-free medium. The pepN gene from L. lactis Wg2 was subcloned resulting in a food-grade plasmid giving a four- to fivefold increase in lysine aminopeptidase activity.
Negative feedback avalanche diodes for near-infrared single-photon detection (2009)

In recent years significant progress has been made in near-infrared single photon detection using Geiger-mode InP-based single photon avalanche diodes (SPADs). A more detailed understanding of these detectors with regard to device design, material growth and device fabrication has led to continual performance improvements. A variety of circuits for enabling SPAD Geiger-mode operation have been proposed and demonstrated as well. However, due to the inherent positive feedback nature of the avalanche process, Geiger-mode SPADs are constrained by certain performance limitations, particularly with regard to counting rate and the absence of photon number resolution. These limitations hinder the use of SPADs in certain applications. By incorporating a negative feedback mechanism into InP-based SPADs, these SPAD performance limitations can be overcome. In this paper, we present a negative feedback avalanche diode (NFAD), which is formed by monolithically integrating a passive negative feedback element with a high-performance InP-based SPAD. We describe the design and operation of the NFAD device, along with basic characteristics such as pulse response and quenching dynamics, as well as the dependence of these characteristics on excess bias voltage and input photon number. We will also review the results of near-infrared single photon counting performance for fundamental performance parameters such as photon detection efficiency, dark count rate, and afterpulsing.
Molecular Dynamics Simulation of Diffusion and Electrical Conductivity in Montmorillonite Interlayers (2016)

The diffusion of water and ions in the interlayer region of smectite clay minerals represents a direct probe of the type and strength of clay–fluid interactions. Interlayer diffusion also represents an important link between molecular simulation and macroscopic experiments. Here we use molecular dynamics simulation to investigate trends in cation and water diffusion in montmorillonite interlayers, looking specifically at the effects of layer charge, interlayer cation and cation charge (sodium or calcium), water content, and temperature. For Na-montmorillonite, the largest increase in ion and water diffusion coefficients occurs between the one-layer and two-layer hydrates, corresponding to the transition from inner-sphere to outer-sphere surface complexes. Calculated activation energies for ion and water diffusion in Na-montmorillonite are similar to each other and to the water hydrogen bond energy, suggesting the breaking of water–water and water–clay hydrogen bonds as a likely mechanism for interlayer diffusion. A comparison of interlayer diffusion with that of bulk electrolyte solutions reveals a clear trend of decreasing diffusion coefficient with increasing electrolyte concentration, and in most cases the interlayer diffusion results are nearly coincident with the corresponding bulk solutions. Trends in electrical conductivities computed from the ion diffusion coefficients are also compared.
Agile Live Migration of Virtual Machines (2016)

A key attraction of virtual machines (VMs) is live migration - the ability to move their execution state across physical machines even as the VMs continue to run. Unfortunately, the traditional pre-copy and post-copy techniques are not agile in the face of resource pressures at the source host, since it takes a long time to transfer the memory state of a VM. Consequently, the performance suffers for all VMs - those being migrated as well as those being left behind. Prior works have attempted to optimize indirect measures of migration effectiveness such as downtime, total migration time, and network overhead. However, none have treated the performance of VMs impacted by migration as the primary metric of migration effectiveness. We propose an Agile live migration technique that quickly recovers the performance of all VMs under resource pressure by eliminating resource pressure faster than traditional live migration. The working set of a VM is typically much smaller than its full memory footprint. Our approach works by transparently tracking the working set of each VM and offloading the non-working set (cold pages) in advance to portable per-VM swap devices. We present a new hybrid pre/post-copy technique that reduces the performance impact on the VM's workload by transferring only the working set of the VM while enabling destination to remotely access cold pages from the per-VM swap device. We describe the challenges in the design and implementation of Agile live migration in the KVM/QEMU platform without modifying the guest OS in the VM. When live migrating under memory pressure, we demonstrate a reduction in the performance impact on VMs by a up to factor of 2, reduction in migration time by up to factor of 4 besides reduction in memory pressure on both the source and destination hosts.
Oxidative Tritium Decontamination System (2002)

The Princeton Plasma Physics Laboratory, Tritium Systems Group has developed and fabricated an Oxidative Tritium Decontamination System (OTDS), which is designed to reduce tritium surface contamination on various components and items. The system is configured to introduce gaseous ozone into a reaction chamber containing tritiated items that require a reduction in tritium surface contamination. Tritium surface contamination (on components and items in the reaction chamber) is removed by chemically reacting elemental tritium to tritium oxide via oxidation, while purging the reaction chamber effluent to a gas holding tank or negative pressure HVAC system. Implementing specific concentrations of ozone along with catalytic parameters, the system is able to significantly reduce surface tritium contamination on an assortment of expendable and non-expendable items. This paper will present the results of various experimentation involving employment of this system.
The nature and origin of asphaltenes in processed coals. Annual report (1976)

Two-year potassium citrate supplementation does not reduce bone turnover or increase BMD in healthy postmenopausal women, which suggests that alkali provision does not explain any long-term benefit of fruit and vegetable intake on bone.
PMM: a pipelined maximal-sized matching scheduling approach for input-buffered switches (2002)

This paper proposes an innovative pipeline-based maximal-sized matching scheduling approach, called PMM, for input-buffered switches. It dramatically relaxes the timing constraint for arbitration with a maximal matching scheme. In the PMM approach, arbitration operates in a pipelined manner, where K subschedulers are used. Each subscheduler is allowed to take more than one time slot for its matching. Every time slot, one of them provides the matching result. The subscheduler can adopt a pre-existing efficient maximal matching algorithm such as iSLIP and DRRM. PMM maximizes the efficiency of the adopted arbitration scheme by allowing sufficient time for a number of iterations. We show that PMM preserves 100% throughput under uniform traffic and fairness for best-effort traffic of the pre-existing algorithm.
Film-like Liquid Crystal Displays (2005)

A novel method of fabricating a film-like liquid crystal display directly on a temporary supporting glass plate is presented. This approach is based on coating a UV-curable adhesive on a glass plate to form a flexible substrate, and a printable polymer-added liquid crystal is then applied on the substrate. By this approach, a flexible liquid crystal display can be fabricated by a cost-efficient coating technique, and it can be scaled up to any size.
Adjustable Liners and Sockets for Prosthetic Devices (2018)

INTRODUCTION Ras Labs’ Synthetic Muscle™ will allow amputees to continue their active lives without needing to adjust the fitting of their prosthetic device(s) throughout the day. This technology promises to resolve major issues facing amputees, most notably the pain of prosthetic slippage and tissue breakdown. Synthetic Muscle™, comprising electroactive polymers (EAPs), actively expand or contract at low voltages, while offering impact resistance and pressure sensing, all in one integrated solution. The main objectives of this project is to determine the feasibility of the EAP pads incorporated into prosthetic liners or sockets and to create prototypes of these EAP based shape-morphing pad systems. In collaboration with UPI, testing of these EAP based pads located in strategic areas of the socket was initiated with customers (BK and AK) for evaluation and feedback. Characterization of Synthetic Muscle™ as dual use pressure sensors was initiated. This is a continuation Ras Labs’ dynamic prosthetic pad project, which demonstrated how the volume of the EAP can be changed from applying a low voltage and operating temperatures for use in adjustable prosthetic liners and sockets 1-8. Abstract PDF Link: https://jps.library.utoronto.ca/index.php/cpoj/article/view/32048/24462 How to cite: Rasmussen L, Rodriguez S, Bowers M, Smith D, Martino G, Rizzo L, Scheiber C, d’Almeida J, Dillis C. Adjustable Liners and Sockets for Prosthetic Devices. CANADIAN PROSTHETICS & ORTHOTICS JOURNAL, VOLUME 1, ISSUE 2, 2018; ABSTRACT, POSTER PRESENTATION AT THE AOPA’S 101ST NATIONAL ASSEMBLY, SEPT. 26-29, VANCOUVER, CANADA, 2018. DOI: https://doi.org/10.33137/cpoj.v1i2.32048  Abstracts were Peer-reviewed by the American Orthotic Prosthetic Association (AOPA) 101st National Assembly Scientific Committee.  http://www.aopanet.org/