gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A Portable Non-Invasive Biosensor Based Approach To Actively Assess Cognitive Function And Mild Traumatic Brain Injury (P5.332) (2014)

OBJECTIVE: To assess a multi-modal biosensor system built around a wireless single lead EEG headset and an activated battery to detect diagnostic features of cognitive impairment and mild Traumatic Brain Injury. BACKGROUND: Non-invasive biomarkers are emerging as essential tools for the development of effective drugs and as aids to primary care physicians and neurologists. Static imaging (MRI/PET/SPECT) and fluid based (blood and CSF) biomarkers have the inherent limitation that they don’t typically capture inherent brain physiology and dynamic processes. The present study evaluates an activated multi-modal biosensor system for the physiological assessment of mTBI. DESIGN/METHODS: Advances in wireless electroencephalography hardware have enabled Cerora to develop a novel activated EEG system (MindReaderTM) to physiologically focus the assessment of brain health while activating various sensory circuits and cognitive tasks. Using this system in clinical practice, we've been studying the biomarker profiles / signatures of traumatic brain injury patients as well as MCI/Alzheimer’s patients. RESULTS: In a modest sample of less than 20 subjects (at time of submission), we observe excellent compliance and reliability of the system. Interesting, the results provide a fascinating and simplified perspective on complex neurobiology and behaviors. Candidate biomarker signatures will be discussed as we increase our sensitivity and specificity to identify diagnostic groups as well as aid in the return-to-play decision making of sports concussion. CONCLUSIONS: A physiologically focused battery of activated tasks in combination with a multi-modal biosensor based system provide the means to probe elements of brain circuitry not presently assessed with standard quantitative EEG. The simplicity of the MindReader approach offers a novel alternative to rapidly, portably and non-invasively assess brain health and function. Multi-variate predictive models offer an opportunity to enhance classifier performance, although further work extending these preliminary results is required to develop the necessary activated biomarker signatures to map the brain for its physiological defects. Study Supported by: Cerora, Inc
A current-mode spike-based overrange-subrange analog-to-digital converter (2002)

We present a novel technique for performing current-mode analog-to-digital conversion using two integrate-and-fire spiking neurons. The conversion is performed in two steps. The first step is an overranging step that extracts the integer part of the ratio between the input current and a reference current; the second step is a subranging step that extracts the fractional part of this ratio. The conversion is performed by having analog spike-time information in one neuron, the timing neuron, generating digital spike-count information in another neuron, the counting neuron. The roles of the timing neuron and the counting neuron are reversed as we transition between the steps. Operations in the converter are coordinated via a spike-triggered asynchronous finite state machine, obviating the need for a clock to synchronize the internal operations of the converter. We present experimental data from a proof-of-concept VLSI implementation. Because spike number is discrete while interspike intervals are analog, spikes are naturally suited for hybrid computation, i.e., computation that is not purely analog or purely digital but that is a mixture of both forms. Our converter provides an example for the use of such spike-based hybrid computation. The converter is suited for compact, low-power neuromorphic applications.
MDLcompress for Intrusion Detection: Signature Inference and Masquerade Attack (2007)

MDLcompress is a grammar inference algorithm that uses Minimum Description Length principles from the theory of Kolmogorov Complexity and Algorithmic Information Theory to infer a grammar, finding patterns and motifs that aid most in compressing unknown data sets. This technology has been applied to detection of FTP exploits and inference of DNA sequence motifs related to breast cancer. In this paper we apply MDLcompress to infer grammars, and then apply those grammars to identify masquerades in the publicly available Schonlau system call data sets. Compared to similar protocols our system detects anomalous events with comparable performance with the advantage of executing in linear time.
Consensus in multi-agent systems over time-varying networks (2020)

Consensus control in multi-agent systems is becoming increasingly popular among researchers due to its applicability in analysing and designing coordination behaviours among agents in multi-agent framework. This paper provides an extensive overview on consensus control in multi-agent systems from the network perspective. This survey provides● A detailed summary of each model which have been investigated by earlier researchers in consensus control.● An overview of different forms of consensus definitions as described in earlier investigations.● An overview of recent results in consensus-related problems involving network phenomenon such as time delay, actuator failures, switching and random networks.● Some suggestions for future work towards designing better consensus protocols addressing more practical problems in autonomous multi-agent systems.
A New Class of Pulse Compression Codes and Techniques. (1980)

A new class of symmetrical polyphase codes is introduced that promises to be very useful in pulse expander-compressor circuits for radar systems. These codes are very compatible with digital signal processing techniques. The code symmetry permits digital pulse expander-compressors to be implemented with less hardware than required with any previously known code. Another significant advantage of the new codes is that precompression bandwidth limiting such as normally would be found in any well-designed radar actually improves the mainlobe to sidelobe ratios obtainable with the new codes while it degrades that obtainable with the previously known Frank code.
Dynamics and Control of a Minimally Actuated Biomimetic Vehicle: Part II-Control (2009)

A control strategy is proposed for a minimally-actuated flapping-wing micro air-vehicle (FWMAV). The proposed vehicle is similar to the Harvard RoboFly that accomplished the first takeoff of an insect scale flapping wing aircraft, except that it is equipped with independently actuated wings and the vehicle center-of-gravity can be manipulated for control purposes. Using the results from the derivation of the aerodynamic forces and moments from Part I, a control allocation strategy and a feedback control law are designed that enables the vehicle to achieve untethered, stabilized flight about a hover condition. The control laws are designed to make use of three actuators, two of which control the angular position of the wing in the stroke plane, and one that moves a bob-weight that manipulates the vehicle center-of-gravity. The Split-Cycle Constant-Period Frequency Modulation technique, introduced in Part I, is used to allow each wing to generate nonzero cycle-averaged rolling and yawing moments. The technique achieves this objective by varying the frequency of the oscillators, that drive each wing throughout the wing-beat cycles, such that the dynamic pressure acting on each wing during the upstroke is different from that which acts on the
Measurement‐Based Synthesis of Facial Microgeometry (2013)

Abstract We present a technique for generating microstructure‐level facial geometry by augmenting a mesostructure‐level facial scan with detail synthesized from a set of exemplar skin patches scanned at much higher resolution. Additionally, we make point‐source reflectance measurements of the skin patches to characterize the specular reflectance lobes at this smaller scale and analyze facial reflectance variation at both the mesostructure and microstructure scales. We digitize the exemplar patches with a polarization‐based computational illumination technique which considers specular reflection and single scattering. The recorded microstructure patches can be used to synthesize full‐facial microstructure detail for either the same subject or to a different subject. We show that the technique allows for greater realism in facial renderings including more accurate reproduction of skin's specular reflection effects.
Comparison of homologous and heterologous prime-boost vaccine approaches using Modified Vaccinia Ankara and soluble protein to induce neutralizing antibodies by the human cytomegalovirus pentamer complex in mice (2017)

Since neutralizing antibodies (NAb) targeting the human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) pentamer complex (PC) potently block HCMV host cell entry, anti-PC NAb induction is thought to be important for a vaccine formulation to prevent HCMV infection. By developing a vaccine strategy based on soluble PC protein and using a previously generated Modified Vaccinia Ankara vector co-expressing all five PC subunits (MVA-PC), we compared HCMV NAb induction by homologous immunization using prime-boost vaccine regimen employing only PC protein or MVA-PC and heterologous immunization using prime-boost combinations of PC protein and MVA-PC. Utilizing a recently isolated anti-PC NAb, we produced highly pure soluble PC protein that displayed conformational and linear neutralizing epitopes, interfered with HCMV entry, and was recognized by antibodies induced by HCMV during natural infection. Mice vaccinated by different immunization routes with the purified PC protein in combination with a clinically approved adjuvant formulation elicited high-titer and durable HCMV NAb. While MVA-PC and soluble PC protein either alone or in combination elicited robust HCMV NAb, significantly different potencies of these vaccine approaches were observed in dependence on immunization schedule. Using only two immunizations, vaccination with MVA-PC alone or prime-boost combinations of MVA-PC and PC protein was significantly more effective in stimulating HCMV NAb than immunization with PC protein alone. In contrast, with three immunizations, NAb induced by soluble PC protein either alone or combined with two boosts of MVA-PC increased to levels that exceeded NAb titer stimulated by MVA-PC alone. These results provide insights into the potency of soluble protein and MVA to elicit NAb by the HCMV PC via homologous and heterologous prime-boost immunization, which may contribute to develop clinically deployable vaccine strategies to prevent HCMV infection.
Inner Ear Proteins as Potential Biomarkers (2019)

Based on this literature search, eight proteins exclusive to the inner ear were identified including otolin-1, otoconin 90/95, prestin, otoancorin, otogelin, α-tectorin, β-tectorin, and cochlin. Proteins initially found to be exclusive to the inner ear though later identified outside of the inner ear included oncomodulin, otospiralin, and otoraplin. This literature review may serve as a focused guide for future research on proteins exclusive to the inner ear as potential biomarkers for diseases of the inner ear.
Effective interfacial layer to enhance efficiency of polymer solar cells via solution-processed fullerene-surfactants (2012)

Two methanol-soluble fullerene surfactants have been developed as interfacial layers for cathodes in polymer solar cells. These surfactants facilitate the tuning of cathode work function and extraction of electrons that significantly enhance open-circuit voltage and photocurrent generation. The performance of bulk heterojunction solar cells based on using these surfactant-modified cathodes improved significantly to afford high power conversion efficiencies (as high as 6.63% for a Ag cathode).
Wavelength tuning in photo-pumped 1.3 μm fiber Fabry-Perot surface emitting lasers (2002)

A tunable and single-frequency optically-pumped semiconductor fiber laser is demonstrated that incorporates a half-cavity vertical-cavity surface-emitting laser within a fiber Fabry-Perot cavity. Continuous wavelength tuning over 40 nm at 1300 nm wavelength region is obtained under cw operation.
Multiple interstitial ultrasound applicators for conformal heating of the prostate during thermal therapy (2000)

Implant strategies using multiple catheter-cooled interstitial ultrasound applicator were investigated for the ability to conform temperature distributions and thermal coagulation within a targeted tissue volume for either hyperthermia or high temperature thermal therapy in the prostate. Multi- element ultrasound applicators were fabricated using cylindrical piezoceramic transducers sectored to 220 degrees to provide angular directional heating, and in non-directional configurations. The applicators were designed to be inserted into standard 13 or 14 gage brachytherapy catheters integrated with water-cooling. Measurements of acoustic power output, and beam profile distributions were obtained in degassed water. Thermal lesions were formed in fresh in vitro beef muscle, and in vivo pig thigh muscle. Axial and radial temperature distributions were monitored using multi-junction thermocouple probes. Thermal lesions measuring 4 cm diameter were produced in vitro within 4 minutes of heating with 5 W applied electrical power delivered to 6 applicators with an angular spacing of 60 degrees. In vivo thermal lesions generated in pig thigh muscle using only 4 directional applicators were confined to a target volume of 3 cm diameter by 3 cm long. Temperatures measured in the center of the target volume reached 85 degrees Celsius during heating, while temperatures outside the target volume remained below 45 degrees Celsius. Results from these studies indicated the ability to control thermal coagulation within the targeted tissue while protecting surrounding tissue from thermal damage.
Conserved group-specific epitopes of the circumsporozoite proteins revealed by antibodies to synthetic peptides. (1985)

The immunogenic properties of sporozoites are associated mainly with the circumsporozoite (CS) protein that covers the surface of mature sporozoites. This stage-specific protein has an immunodominant region with repetitive epitopes. Rabbits that are repeatedly immunized with sporozoites of Plasmodium knowlesi, a monkey malaria parasite, also recognize two synthetic peptides (N2 and C2) representing other polar domains of the CS protein. We show in this report that antibodies to the N2 and C2 synthetic peptides react not only with P. knowlesi but also with conserved regions of the surface membrane of other human, monkey, and rodent (but not avian) malaria sporozoites. Moreover, antibodies to N2 partially neutralize the infectivity of sporozoites of P. berghei, a rodent malaria parasite. In contrast, antibodies to synthetic peptides representing the repetitive epitope of P. knowlesi were strictly species specific.
Reversible Scan Based Diagnostic Patterns (2019)

For advanced technologies, the current industry is seeing very complicated silicon defect types and defect distribution. It is very common for the yield of a new design with new technology to start at a very low level and it's critical to ramp up yield as quickly as possible to meet the market window. We propose to use special scan chain test patterns to take advantage special scan chain architecture proposed before. These patterns can achieve perfect diagnostic resolution and hence help to ramp up yield quickly.
A genetically engineered human pancreatic β cell line exhibiting glucose-inducible insulin secretion (2011)

Despite intense efforts over the past 30 years, human pancreatic β cell lines have not been available. Here, we describe a robust technology for producing a functional human β cell line using targeted oncogenesis in human fetal tissue. Human fetal pancreatic buds were transduced with a lentiviral vector that expressed SV40LT under the control of the insulin promoter. The transduced buds were then grafted into SCID mice so that they could develop into mature pancreatic tissue. Upon differentiation, the newly formed SV40LT-expressing β cells proliferated and formed insulinomas. The resulting β cells were then transduced with human telomerase reverse transcriptase (hTERT), grafted into other SCID mice, and finally expanded in vitro to generate cell lines. One of these cell lines, EndoC-βH1, expressed many β cell-specific markers without any substantial expression of markers of other pancreatic cell types. The cells secreted insulin when stimulated by glucose or other insulin secretagogues, and cell transplantation reversed chemically induced diabetes in mice. These cells represent a unique tool for large-scale drug discovery and provide a preclinical model for cell replacement therapy in diabetes. This technology could be generalized to generate other human cell lines when the cell type-specific promoter is available.
Multispecific anti-HIV duoCAR-T cells display broad in vitro antiviral activity and potent in vivo elimination of HIV-infected cells in a humanized mouse model (2019)

Adoptive immunotherapy using chimeric antigen receptor-modified T cells (CAR-T) has made substantial contributions to the treatment of certain B cell malignancies. Such treatment modalities could potentially obviate the need for long-term antiretroviral drug therapy in HIV/AIDS. Here, we report the development of HIV-1-based lentiviral vectors that encode CARs targeting multiple highly conserved sites on the HIV-1 envelope glycoprotein using a two-molecule CAR architecture, termed duoCAR. We show that transduction with lentiviral vectors encoding multispecific anti-HIV duoCARs confer primary T cells with the capacity to potently reduce cellular HIV infection by up to 99% in vitro and >97% in vivo. T cells are the targets of HIV infection, but the transduced T cells are protected from genetically diverse HIV-1 strains. The CAR-T cells also potently eliminated PBMCs infected with broadly neutralizing antibody-resistant HIV strains, including VRC01/3BNC117-resistant HIV-1. Furthermore, multispecific anti-HIV duoCAR-T cells demonstrated long-term control of HIV infection in vivo and prevented the loss of CD4<sup>+</sup> T cells during HIV infection using a humanized NSG mouse model of intrasplenic HIV infection. These data suggest that multispecific anti-HIV duoCAR-T cells could be an effective approach for the treatment of patients with HIV-1 infection.
Culture of Mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis (MAP) from the Blood of Patients with Crohn`s disease: A Follow-Up Blind Multi Center Investigation (2009)

Blood samples from 58 subjects were blindly coded and investigated by three independent laboratories for the presence of Mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis (MAP) using MGITpara specialized media and nested PCR. Consequently, viable MAP was detected in 22/40 (55%) IBD (11/20 CD and 11/20 UC) compared to 4/18 (22%) NIBD (P<0.009). At least two centers detected MAP in 41% IBD samples compared to none (0%) in NIBD (P<0.0001). No sample was positive by all three centers. Despite result variability between centers, the study strongly demonstrates that using MGITpara culture media and nested PCR are essential for successful detection of MAP in human blood. Overall, the study supports a mycobacterial role in CD pathogenesis.
Assessing Patterns of Palliative Care Referral and Location of Death in Patients with Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis: A Sixteen-Year Single-Center Retrospective Cohort Study (2019)

<b><i>Background:</i></b> Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is a progressive and fatal lung disease with an unpredictable course and a median survival of three to four years. This timeline challenges providers to approach diagnosis, oxygen therapy, rehabilitation, transplantation, and end-of-life discussions in limited encounters. There is currently no widely accepted guideline for determining when IPF patients should be referred to palliative care (PC). <b><i>Objective:</i></b> We sought to describe the patient and clinical factors associated with PC referral, as well as its impact on mortality and location of death. We also aimed to examine temporal trends in PC referral in this population. <b><i>Materials and Methods:</i></b> Patient data were retrospectively extracted from the health system repository of our specialty referral center for all new IPF patients evaluated between 2000 and 2016 (<i>n</i> = 828). Exclusion criteria included transplant recipients and patients who did not have IPF. <b><i>Results:</i></b> One hundred twelve (13.5%) IPF patients received formal PC referral. Recipients were older at diagnosis (72 years vs. 69 years, <i>p</i> < 0.001), had higher frequency of Charlson Comorbidity Index ≥1 (55% vs. 42%, <i>p</i> = 0.011), resided closer to our institution (16 miles vs. 54 miles, <i>p</i> < 0.001), and had a higher number of total outpatient visits (7 vs. 4, <i>p</i> < 0.001). PC was associated with less in-hospital death (44% vs. 60%, <i>p</i> = 0.006) and more in-home and hospice death (56% vs. 40%, <i>p</i> = 0.006). <b><i>Conclusions:</i></b> IPF patients referred to PC were older with more severe comorbidities, resided closer to our specialty referral center, and had more outpatient follow-up. This was associated with more in-home and hospice deaths. The patient-provider relationship and frequency of follow-up visits likely play important roles in the introduction of end-of-life discussions.
Seeing in 4D with electrons: Development of ultrafast electron microscopy at Caltech (2013)

The vision to develop 4D electron microscopy, a union of the capabilities of electron microscopy with ultrafast techniques to capture clearly defined images of the nanoscale structure of a material at each step in the course of its chemical or physical transformations, has been pursued at Caltech for the last decade. In this contribution, we will give a brief overview of the capabilities of three currently active Caltech 4D microscopy laboratories. Ongoing work is illustrated by a description of the most recent application of photon-induced near-field electron microscopy (PINEM), a field made possible only by the development of the 4D ultrafast electron microscopy (UEM). An appendix gives the various applications made so far and the historic roots of the development at Caltech.
Design Study of LineSets, a Novel Set Visualization Technique (2011)

Computing and visualizing sets of elements and their relationships is one of the most common tasks one performs when analyzing and organizing large amounts of data. Common representations of sets such as convex or concave geometries can become cluttered and difficult to parse when these sets overlap in multiple or complex ways, e.g., when multiple elements belong to multiple sets. In this paper, we present a design study of a novel set visual representation, LineSets, consisting of a curve connecting all of the set's elements. Our approach to design the visualization differs from traditional methodology used by the InfoVis community. We first explored the potential of the visualization concept by running a controlled experiment comparing our design sketches to results from the state-of-the-art technique. Our results demonstrated that LineSets are advantageous for certain tasks when compared to concave shapes. We discuss an implementation of LineSets based on simple heuristics and present a study demonstrating that our generated curves do as well as human-drawn ones. Finally, we present two applications of our technique in the context of search tasks on a map and community analysis tasks in social networks.