gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Circuit and Architectural Co-design for Reliable Adder Cells with Steep Slope Tunnel Transistors for Energy Efficient Computing (2016)

Tunnel FETs (TFETs) as steep slope devices have attracted much attention for designing energy efficient digital systems at scaled supply voltages. In this paper, we propose a circuit/architectural co-design approach for designing reliable and energy efficient adder cells for new computing platforms at supply voltages as low as 0.1V. At circuit level, widely used XOR gates such as 6T and 8T designs are explored and at the architectural level, adder cells with static CMOS like design (28T), tarnsmission gate design (24T), XOR based design (22T and 18T), and MUX based design (MBFA-22T) have been considered. The performance of all TFET designs have been benchmarked with 20nm double gate Si Fin FET technology. TFET designs have lower energy and energy delay product (EDP) due to TFET's steep sub threshold slope characteristics at 0.1V. 18T design is more energy efficient with slight trade-off in logic swing (i.e., robustness) and 22T and 28T designs are more robust and optimal energy efficient options.
Induction by leptin of uncoupling protein-2 and enzymes of fatty acid oxidation (1997)

We have studied mechanisms by which leptin overexpression, which reduces body weight via anorexic and thermogenic actions, induces triglyceride depletion in adipocytes and nonadipocytes. Here we show that leptin alters in pancreatic islets the mRNA of the genes encoding enzymes of free fatty acid metabolism and uncoupling protein-2 (UCP-2). In animals infused with a recombinant adenovirus containing the leptin cDNA, the levels of mRNAs encoding enzymes of mitochondrial and peroxisomal oxidation rose 2- to 3-fold, whereas mRNA encoding an enzyme of esterification declined in islets from hyperleptinemic rats. Islet UCP-2 mRNA rose 6-fold. All in vivo changes occurred in vitro in normal islets cultured with recombinant leptin, indicating direct extraneural effects. Leptin overexpression increased UCP-2 mRNA by more than 10-fold in epididymal, retroperitoneal, and subcutaneous fat tissue of normal, but not of leptin-receptor-defective obese rats. By directly regulating the expression of enzymes of free fatty acid metabolism and of UCP-2, leptin controls intracellular triglyceride content of certain nonadipocytes, as well as adipocytes.
Galectin-7 in the Control of Epidermal Homeostasis after Injury (2008)

Galectins, a family of beta-galactoside binding lectins, have recently emerged as novel regulators of tissue homeostasis. Galectin-7 is predominantly expressed in stratified epithelia, especially in epidermis. We report here the generation of galectin-7-deficient mice that are viable and do not display phenotypical abnormalities in skin structure or expression of epidermal markers. However, these mice show unique defects in the maintenance of epidermal homeostasis in response to environmental challenges. First, after UVB irradiation in vivo, the apoptotic response is prematurely triggered and lasts longer in the mutant epidermis. This result contrasts with the proapoptotic role that had been proposed for galectin-7. Second, wound-healing experiments in vivo revealed that galectin-7-deficient mice displayed a reduced reepithelialization potential compared with wild-type littermates. This effect could be attributed to a defect in cell migration. Because galectin-7 is located in the podosomes of keratinocytes migrating out of skin explants in culture, we propose that this glycan-binding protein may directly influence cell/extracellular matrix interactions. Finally, we also detected an unexpected intense hyperproliferative reaction consecutive to both types of stress in galectin-7-deficient mice. Together, these studies provide the first genetic evidence showing that galectin-7 can modulate keratinocyte apoptosis, proliferation, and migration during skin repair.
Autoregulation of Total and Zonal Glomerular Filtration Rate in Spontaneously Hypertensive Rats with Mesangiolysis (1997)

In this study we tested the hypothesis that mesangial cells participate in autoregulation of the glomerular filtration rate (GFR) in normotensive and hypertensive rats. Mesangial cell lesions were induced by intravenous administration of antithymocyte (anti-Thy 1.1) antibodies in spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) and in Wistar-Kyoto rats (WKY). Normal murine serum was injected in control rats. Hemodynamic measurements were performed 24 h after the infusion of the anti-Thy 1.1 antibodies. Renal blood flow (RBF) was measured by a transit time flowmeter (Transonic) and the GFR was measured as the uptake of 125 iodine-labeled aprotinin ([125]I-Ap) by proximal tubular cells at the control renal arterial pressure and (131)I-Ap at a pressure reduction close to the lower pressure limit of RBF autoregulation. RBF was unaltered and the autoregulatory capability was maintained in SHR and WKY after mesangial cell lesions. Mesangiolysis significantly reduced the total GFR in normotensive, but not in hypertensive animals. The fractional compensation of the GFR was attenuated in the outer cortical layer (p<0.05) in normotensive WKY. In SHRs the fractional compensation of the GFR was impaired in all cortical layers after mesangiolysis, slightly more in the outer than in the inner cortex. We conclude that mesangial cells may contribute to the autoregulation of GFR in hypertensive rats, but to a lesser extent in normotensive rats.
The 4g healing hashtag digital health, the new ehealth model = comunitats de pràctica en tic i salut mitjançant twitter (2020)

Una de les xarxes socials amb mes potencial per obtenir informacio sobre salut i per connectar pacients es Twitter. Aquests pacients s’organitzen de manera informal en Comunitats de Practica mitjancant hashtags. Els hashtags (etiquetes) agrupen converses sobre diferents tematiques i es creen amb el coixinet (#) i un text. Introduint un determinat hashtag al cercador obtenim els tuits (continguts) que parlen de la tematica concreta. Aixo permet la cerca d’informacio sobre molts tipus de malalties (Classificacio Internacional de Malalties) i facilita al pacient i al professional sanitari connectar amb els usuaris que estan parlant de questions similars. El Model “The 4G Healing Hashtag” permet visualitzar el potencial terapeutic dels hashtags ates que apoderen el pacient tot promovent l’enfoc salutogenic. Alhora, els avencos en Salut Digital faciliten l’aparicio de noves eines d’Intel·ligencia Artificial per a l’analisi dels hashtags en salut a Twitter com es el cas de Symplur. ------- Una de las redes sociales con mas potencial para obtener informacion sobre salud y para conectar pacientes es Twitter. Estos pacientes se organizan de manera informal en Comunidades de Practica mediante hashtags. Los hashtags (etiquetas) agrupan conversaciones sobre diferentes tematicas y se crean con la almohadilla (#) y un texto. Introduciendo un determinado hashtag al buscador obtenemos los tuits (contenidos) que hablan de la tematica concreta. Esto permite la busqueda de informacion sobre muchos tipos de enfermedades (Clasificacion Internacional de Enfermedades) y facilita al paciente y al profesional sanitario conectar con los usuarios que estan hablando de cuestiones similares. El Modelo 4G Healing Hashtag permite visualizar el potencial terapeutico de los hashtags dado que empoderan el paciente promoviendo el enfoque salutogenico. Asimismo, los avances en Salud Digital facilitan la aparicion de nuevas herramientas de Inteligencia Artificial para el analisis de los hashtags en salud en Twitter como es el caso de Symplur. ---------- One of the social networks with the most potential to obtain health information and to connect patients is Twitter. These patients are organized informally in Communities of Practice through hashtags. Hashtags group conversations on different topics and are created with the symbol (#) and a text. Introducing a specific hashtag to the search engine we obtain the tweets (contents) that speak of the specific theme. This allows the search for information on many types of diseases (International Classification of Diseases) and makes it easier for the patient and the healthcare professional to connect with users who are talking about similar issues. The Model 4G Healing Hashtag allows to visualize the therapeutic potential of hashtags since they empower the patient by promoting the salutogenic approach. Likewise, advances in Digital Health facilitate the emergence of new Artificial Intelligence tools for the analysis of health hashtags on Twitter, such as Symplur.
Data-Driven Nonlinear Subspace Modeling for Prediction and Control of Molten Iron Quality Indices in Blast Furnace Ironmaking (2016)

Blast furnace (BF) in ironmaking is a nonlinear dynamic process with complicated physical-chemical reactions, where multiphases and multifields interactions with long time delay phenomena take place during its operation. In BF operation, the molten iron temperature as well as the Si content ([Si]), the phosphorus content ([P]), and the sulfur content ([S]) is the most essential quality (MIQ) indices. The measurement, modeling, and control of these indices have always been important issues in metallurgic engineering and automation. This paper proposes a novel data-driven nonlinear state-space modeling method for the prediction and control of multivariate MIQ indices by integrating hybrid modeling and control techniques together. First, to improve modeling efficiency, a data-driven hybrid method that combines canonical correlation analysis and correlation analysis is established to identify the most influential controllable variables as the modeling inputs from multitudinous factors. Then, a Hammerstein model for the prediction of MIQ indices is established using the Least squares support vector machine-based nonlinear subspace identification method. Such a model is further simplified by using piecewise cubic Hermite interpolating polynomial method. Compared with the original Hammerstein model, it has been shown that this simplified model can not only significantly reduce the computational complexity, but can also exhibit a good reliability and accuracy for a stable prediction of MIQ indices. In order to verify the practicability of the developed model, it is applied to the design of a genetic algorithm based nonlinear predictive controller for the multivariate MIQ indices by directly taking the established model as a predictor. Industrial experiments show the advantages and effectiveness of the proposed approaches.
Programming Principles for the Semantics of the Semantics of Programs (1992)

Fundamental concerns of relevance to programming are raised by Brian Smith in [19]. These focus on the relation that holds between program and the world outside - the semantics of what is referred to by computer scientists as the semantics of the program. This paper explains how programming concepts developed by the author in collaboration with others may contribute to a theoretical framework that does justice to practice such as is discussed in [19].
Heritable polymorphism predisposes to high <i>BAALC</i> expression in acute myeloid leukemia (2012)

Overexpression of the brain and acute leukemia, cytoplasmic (BAALC) gene is implicated in myeloid leukemogenesis and associated with poor outcome in both acute myeloid leukemia (AML) and acute lymphoblastic leukemia patients. Additionally, high BAALC expression occurs in glioblastoma, melanoma, and childhood gastrointestinal stroma tumors, suggesting an oncogenic role for BAALC. However, the mechanisms underlying the deregulated expression are unknown. We hypothesized that a common heritable genetic feature located in cis might account for overexpression of BAALC in an allele-specific manner. By sequencing the genomic region of BAALC we identified nine informative single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and tested them for a possible association with BAALC expression levels. We show that BAALC overexpression occurs in the presence of the T allele of SNP rs62527607[GT], which creates a binding site for the activating RUNX1 transcription factor in the BAALC promoter region. The mechanism is demonstrated experimentally in vitro using luciferase reporter assays and electrophoretic mobility shift assay (EMSA) analysis. The association of high BAALC expression with the T allele and its correlations with RUNX1 expresser status are shown in vivo in a test set (n = 253) and validation set (n = 105) of samples from cytogenetically normal AML patients from different populations. Thus, we identify a heritable genomic feature predisposing to overexpression of an oncogene, thereby possibly leading to enhanced AML leukemogenesis. Our findings further suggest that genomic variants might become useful tools in the practice of personalized medicine.
Ferroelectric properties of (Pb<sub>x</sub>La<sub>1−x</sub>)(Zr<sub>y</sub>Ti<sub>1−y</sub>)O<sub>3</sub> films prepared by two-step pulsed laser deposition process (1999)

Abstract A two-step pulsed laser deposition process has been successfully applied for growing the (PbxLa1−x)(ZryTi1−y) O3, PLZT, thin films. These films exhibit good ferroelectric characteristics (Pr=18 μC/cm2; E c=80 kV/cm; J L≤0.2 μA/cm2), whenever crystalline SrRuO3 materials were used as buffer layers. However, the electrical properties of PLZT films were markedly degraded whenever the amorphous SrRuO3 or (La0.5Sr0.5)CoO3 layer was used as buffer layer.
Local Non-Esterified Fatty Acids Correlate With Inflammation in Atheroma Plaques of Patients With Type 2 Diabetes (2010)

There is an increased presence of NEFA in diabetic plaque neointima. NEFA levels are higher in diabetic atheroma plaques than in nondiabetic subjects. We hypothesize that NEFA may be produced locally and contribute to local inflammation.
Standardization of the new 3GPP EVS codec (2015)

A new codec for Enhanced Voice Services (EVS), the successor of the current mobile HD voice codec AMR-WB, was standardized by the 3rd Generation Partnership Project (3GPP) in September 2014. The EVS codec addresses 3GPP's needs for cutting-edge technology enabling operation of 3GPP mobile communication systems in the most competitive means in terms of communication quality and efficiency. This paper provides an in-depth insight into 3GPP's rigorous and transparent processes that made it possible for the mobile industry, with its many competing players, to successfully develop and standardize a codec in an open, fair and constructive process. This paper also enables an understanding of this achievement by providing an overview of the EVS codec technology, the standard specifications, and the performance of the codec that will elevate HD voice services to the next quality level.
Vector Migration of 1st Order Downgoing Multiples from VSP Data (2007)

This paper presents a methodology to perform threecomponent (3C) vector migration for the 1st order free-surface related multiples which are usually dominant in VSP downgoing wavefield data. We first vertically up-extend the velocity model above and symmetric around the free surface. The borehole receivers are then projected to their virtual positions above the free surface. We can therefore treat the 1st order free-surface related multiples as primary reflections recorded by the virtual receivers. We perform a vector summation of the Kirchhoff prestack<br>depth migration for all three downhole receiver components (x, y, z) for the 1st order free-surface related multiples. Using both synthetic modeling and field data we demonstrate our method can efficiently and accurately produce a much wider seismic image zone than does conventional VSP migration which uses only primary upcoming reflections. The image quality is also enhanced by migrating all three vector components instead of a single scalar component as done by the conventional VSP migration methods.
The effect of selective phosphodiesterase inhibitors, alone and in combination, on a murine model of allergic asthma (2004)

These results suggest that concurrent treatment with a PDE 3 and/or PDE 5 inhibitor will reduce the anti-inflammatory effectiveness of a PDE 4 inhibitor.
Application of Cryptography Based on Elliptic Curves (2021)

ECC (Elliptic Curve Cryptography) is based on the algebraic structure of elliptic curves over finite fields that allows the use of smaller encryption keys compared to other cryptographies (e.g., using Galois fields) while maintaining an equivalent level of security [1]. Elliptic curves are used for key exchange, digital signatures, pseudo-random generators, and other tasks. They can also be used for encryption in combination with symmetric encryption. The content of this article is the protection of data transmission in a wireless network using elliptic curves.
The natural occurrence of unusual fatty acids. Part 1. Odd numbered fatty acids (1990)

Abstract A literature review of the natural occurrence and effects of odd numbered fatty acids (C 11 to C 33 ) in microorganisms, plants and animals is presented. Not only saturated and unsaturated odd numbered fatty acids but also unsaturated fatty acids with unusual position of double bonds seem to be ubiquitous in small amounts.
Multidimensional registration of x-ray image and CT image (2003)

We present a methodology for alignment of X-Ray image and CT image, based on chamfer 3-4 distance transform and simulated annealing optimization algorithm. The proposed approach firstly segments object’s structure from X-Ray image. Using projection model and optimization method, we deduce the correct projection matrix. This method is also integrated into medical intra-operation, dealing with the data set acquired from 3D image workstation and active navigation.
THE UTILITY OF NONINVASIVE SEROLOGIC MARKERS IN THE MANAGEMENT OF EARLY ALLOGRAFT REJECTION IN LIVER TRANSPLANTATION RECIPIENTS1 (1999)

Serum alpha-GST may be useful in the management of early hepatic allograft rejection. A combination of noninvasive markers may be beneficial to diagnose early hepatic allograft rejection.
Accurate Genomic Prediction of Human Height (2018)

We construct genomic predictors for heritable but extremely complex human quantitative traits (height, heel bone density, and educational attainment) using modern methods in high dimensional statistics (<i>i.e.</i>, machine learning). The constructed predictors explain, respectively, ∼40, 20, and 9% of total variance for the three traits, in data not used for training. For example, predicted heights correlate ∼0.65 with actual height; actual heights of most individuals in validation samples are within a few centimeters of the prediction. The proportion of variance explained for height is comparable to the estimated common SNP heritability from genome-wide complex trait analysis (GCTA), and seems to be close to its asymptotic value (<i>i.e.</i>, as sample size goes to infinity), suggesting that we have captured most of the heritability for SNPs. Thus, our results close the gap between prediction R-squared and common SNP heritability. The ∼20k activated SNPs in our height predictor reveal the genetic architecture of human height, at least for common variants. Our primary dataset is the UK Biobank cohort, comprised of almost 500k individual genotypes with multiple phenotypes. We also use other datasets and SNPs found in earlier genome-wide association studies (GWAS) for out-of-sample validation of our results.
New type of thin-film electroluminescent device having a multilayer structure (1982)

A new kind of multilayered thin-film electroluminescent (EL) device is proposed. The device consists of multiple alternate layers in which the functions of carrier acceleration and light emission are separated. One big advantage of the proposed structure is that the light emitting phosphor can be selected independently of the carrier accelerating material, thus permitting a variety of color emissions. Therefore, one can optimize the device performance by selecting combinations of materials and cell structure design parameters. For example, a device employing ZnS and Y2O3:Eu thin films as the carrier accelerator and light emitter, respectively, emits a red color, and a brightness level of 40-ft lambert has been obtained under sinusoidal voltage excitation of 5 kHz. This value is several times higher than that reported for EL in powdered layers of Y2O3:Eu.
Integrated concurrency-coherency controls for multisystem data sharing (1989)

The authors propose an integrated control mechanism and analyze the performance gain due to its use. An extension to the data sharing system structure is examined in which a shared intermediate memory is used for buffering and for early commit processing. Read-write-synchronization and write-serialization problems arise. The authors show how the integrated concurrency protocol can be used to overcome both problems. A queueing model is used to quantify the performance improvement. Although using intermediate memory as a buffering device produces a moderate performance benefit, the analysis shows that more substantial gains can be realized when this technique is combined with the use of an integrated concurrency-coherency control protocol.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Synthesis, characterization and testing of a new V2O5/Al2O3–MgO catalyst for butane dehydrogenation and limonene oxidation (2013)

We report the synthesis and characterization of new V2O5/Al2O3-MgO catalysts and their application in oxidative dehydrogenation and epoxidation reactions. The materials were prepared by wet impregnation under excess acid conditions. Anchoring of the desired species on the support occurs via an exchange reaction between the vanadium complex and surface hydroxyl groups. The IR and UV-Vis spectra of these catalysts indicate the presence of monomeric vanadium species at 5 wt% V2O5 loading, along with small amounts of polymeric species at 5 and 10 wt% V2O5 loadings. Electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectroscopy reveals the presence of ferromagnetic VO(2+) dimers following calcination at 773 K. The catalysts were then tested in two reactions, namely the gas phase oxidative dehydrogenation of n-butane under flow conditions at 773 K and the liquid phase epoxidation of limonene with H2O2. The dehydrogenation reaction gave butenes and 1,3-butadiene in moderate selectivity at 8-10% conversion. The epoxidation of limonene was less successful, giving 50-70% selectivity to the 1,2-epoxide at 10-20% conversion.
Read and Write Voltage Signal Optimization for Multi-Level-Cell (MLC) NAND Flash Memory (2016)

The multi-level-cell (MLC) NAND flash channel exhibits nonstationary behavior over increasing program and erase (PE) cycles and data retention time. In this paper, an optimization scheme for adjusting the read (quantized) and write (verify) voltage levels to adapt to the nonstationary flash channel is presented. Using a model-based approach to represent the flash channel, incorporating the programming noise, random telegraph noise (RTN), data retention noise and cell-to-cell interference as major signal degradation components, the write-voltage levels are optimized by minimizing the channel error probability. Moreover, for selecting the quantization levels for the read-voltage to facilitate soft LDPC decoding, an entropy-based function is introduced by which the voltage erasure regions (error dominating regions) are controlled to produce the lowest bit/frame error probability. The proposed write and read voltage optimization schemes not only minimize the error probability throughout the operational lifetime of flash memory, but also improve the decoding convergence speed. Finally, to minimize the number of read-voltage quantization levels while ensuring LDPC decoder convergence, the extrinsic information transfer (EXIT) analysis is performed over the MLC flash channel.