gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Cast ribbon for low cost solar cells (1988)

The development of a crystal growth method based on the spin cast method is presented. The characteristics of silicon sheets produced by this method and their properties when incorporated into solar cells are also discussed. A mold for the silicon sheet is attached to the end of a quartz crucible, and the melt is then injected into the mold. Using an unloader shift, unseeded ribbon sheet can be continuously pulled through the mold's cavity. The ribbon is 0.5 mm thick and 25 mm or 100 mm wide. The growth rate is about 400 mm/min. The average grain size is 2-3 mm. It has a columnar structure, and its solar cell efficiency is about 10.9% (25*25 mm, 0.5 mm, AM1.5, 100 mW/cm/sup 2/).< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Genes for the trophoblast interferons and their distribution among mammals (1992)

The trophoblast interferons (IFN), ovine and bovine trophoblast protein-1 (oTP-1 and bTP-1 respectively), possess many properties in common with other Type I IFN, including antiviral and antiproliferative activities. However, they differ from other IFN subtypes in terms of their specific pattern of expression and poor responsiveness to viral stimulation. We describe here data that suggest that the trophoblast IFN genes are also distinct from other Type I IFN genes with respect to species distribution, promoter organization and transcriptional regulation. These results have important implications in terms of trophoblast IFN gene evolution and add credence to the concept that the trophoblast IFN genes are a distinct IFN gene subtype well suited for their role in early pregnancy.
Peptide-Assembled Graphene Oxide as a Fluorescent Turn-On Sensor for Lipopolysaccharide (Endotoxin) Detection (2015)

Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) is a toxic inflammatory stimulator released from the outer cell membrane of Gram-negative bacteria, known to be directly related to, for example, septic shock, that causes millions of casualties annually. This number could potentially be lowered significantly if specific, sensitive, and more simply applicable LPS biosensors existed. In this work, we present a facile, sensitive and selective LPS sensor, developed by assembling tetramethylrhodamine-labeled LPS-binding peptides on graphene oxide (GO). The fluorescence of the dye-labeled peptide is quenched upon interaction with GO. Specific binding to LPS triggers the release of the peptide-LPS complex from GO, resulting in fluorescence recovery. This fluorescent turn-on sensor offers an estimated limit of detection of 130 pM, which is the lowest ever reported among all synthetic LPS sensors to date. Importantly, this sensor is applicable for detection of LPS in commonly used clinical injectable fluids, and it enables selective detection of LPS from different bacterial strains as well as LPS on the membrane of living E. coli.
Chemosenstizing Effects of a Novel Anti-inflammatory Small Molecule, UTL-5g, and Its Analogs (2015)

Our previous studies showed that UTL-5g, a novel anti-inflammatory TNF- inhibitor, enhanced the chemotherapeutic efficacy of cisplatin against HCT-15 human colon cancer cells in an animal tumor model. To extend the study, we set out to investigate 3 newly synthesized analogs of UTL-5g (UTLOH-4a, -4b, and -4c) on whether they are associated with similar biological effects. Chemosensitizing effects of UTL-5g and its 3 analogs were investigated using HCT-15 cells in vitro with increasing doses of cisplatin, carboplatin, or oxaliplatin. IC 50 of each drug was determined from the dose-response surviving curves. The antiinflammatory effects were examined by their ability to inhibit PGE 2 production in mouse RAW cells stimulated with LPS. Myelotoxicity induced by cisplatin was examined with human CFU-GM clonogenic assay. All 4 compounds significantly potentiated the cytotoxic effect of cisplatin against HCT-15 cancer cells by lowering the IC 50 values. Among them, UTL-5g appeared to be the most promising sensitizer of cisplatin and UTLOH-4b was the most potent sensitizer of carboplatin. Anti-inflammatory study showed that UTL-5g, UTLOH-4a, and -4c inhibited PGE 2 production in LPS-stimulated RAW cells. In addition, UTL-5g and UTLOH-4a enhanced the survival of CFU-GM colony counts in cultures containing cisplatin, carboplatin and oxaliplatin respectively.
Monitoring of Orthogonal Polarization Power Ratio due to PDL using Intensity Tones in Polarization Multiplexed Signals (2011)

We demonstrate a technique for monitoring orthogonal polarization power ratio (OPPR) occurring in WDM polarization-multiplexed signals due to PDL. We employ low- frequency intensity tones to estimate the effect of PDL and level of OSNR.
Leukocyte-endothelial cell interactions in nitric oxide synthase-deficient mice (1999)

Nitric oxide (NO) is known to be an important endogenous modulator of leukocyte-endothelial cell interactions within the microcirculation. We examined leukocyte rolling and adhesion under baseline conditions and following thrombin (0.25 U/ml) superfusion in the mesentery of wild-type, inducible NOS (iNOS)-deficient (-/-), neuronal NOS (nNOS) -/-, and endothelial cell NOS (ecNOS) -/- mice to further our understanding of NO and leukocyte function. Baseline leukocyte rolling (cells/min) was significantly elevated in both the nNOS -/- (30.0 +/- 4.0) and ecNOS -/- mice (67.0 +/- 12.0) compared with wild-type mice (11.0 +/- 1.4). In addition, baseline leukocyte adherence (cells/100 micrometers of vessel) was also significantly elevated in the nNOS -/- (5.2 +/- 1.0) and ecNOS -/- (13.0 +/- 1.3) compared with wild-type animals (1.3 +/- 0.5). Deficiency of iNOS had no effect on baseline leukocyte rolling or adhesion in the mesentery. Baseline surface expression of P-selectin was observed in 68.0 +/- 9.0% of intestinal venules in ecNOS -/- mice compared with 10.0 +/- 2.0% in wild-type mice. Additional studies demonstrated that administration of an anti-P-selectin monoclonal antibody (RB40. 34) or the soluble P-selectin ligand, PSGL-1, completely inhibited the increased rolling and firm adhesion response in nNOS -/- and ecNOS -/- mice. Transmigration of neutrophils into the peritoneum following thioglycollate injection was also significantly augmented in nNOS -/- and ecNOS -/- mice. These studies clearly indicate the NO derived from both nNOS and ecNOS is critical in the regulation of leukocyte-endothelial cell interactions.
Bidirectional, occlusion-aware temporal frame interpolation in a highly scalable video setting (2015)

We present a bidirectional, occlusion-aware temporal frame interpolation (BOA-TFI) scheme that builds upon our recently proposed highly scalable video coding scheme. Unlike previous TFI methods, our scheme attempts to put “correct” information in problematic regions around moving objects. From a “parent” motion field between two existing reference frames, we compose motion from both reference frames to the target frame. These motion fields, together with motion discontinuity information, are then warped to the target frame - a process during which we discover valuable information about disocclusions, which we then use to guide the bidirectional prediction of the interpolated frame. The scheme can be used in any state-of-the-art codec, but is most beneficial if used in conjunction with a highly scalable video coder. Evaluation of the method on synthetic data allows us to shine a light on problematic regions around moving object boundaries, which has not been the focus of previous frame interpolation methods. The proposed frame interpolation method yields credible results, and compares favourably to current state-of-the-art frame interpolation methods.
New Output Combiner for Doherty Amplifiers (2013)

In this letter, a new output combining network for the implementation of a Doherty Power Amplifier (DPA) is presented. The proposed topology simultaneously allows the active load modulation and the output matching, by adopting more realizable elements than the standard DPA, especially when high output power levels are required. The innovative design approach is demonstrated through a practical prototype realization based on GaN-HEMT devices. Experimental results have shown a 65%-48% efficiency at about 42-36 dBm output power with a gain compression lower than 1.5 dB from 1.95 to 2.25 GHz.
Inside Front Cover: Polarized‐Light‐Emitting Quantum‐Rod Diodes (Adv. Mater. 11/2005) (2005)

Polarized-light-emitting quantum-rod diodes have been successfully produced using thin layers of quantum rods oriented by a rubbing technique, as shown on the inside cover. Hikmet and co-workers report on p. 1436 that diode emission at 620 nm with a luminance efficiency of 0.65 cd A<sup>-1</sup> and an external quantum efficiency of 0.49 % is obtained. Light emitted polarized parallel to the long axis of the rods is 1.5 times more intense than that polarized perpendicular to the rods.
Classification of Thyroid Ultrasound Standard Plane Images using ResNet-18 Networks (2019)

The thyroid ultrasound standard plane (TUSP) classification is quite essential for the ultrasound diagnosis of thyroid disease. The traditional method relies entirely on the ultrasonography doctor to do it manually, which is not only time-consuming and labor-intensive but also subjectively influenced by the doctor's experience and knowledge reserve. Therefore, a TUSP automatic classification method is desirable in the clinical diagnosis of thyroid ultrasound. In this paper, we proposed that using deep learning convolutional neural network (CNN) method to achieve the automatic classification of TUSP images, and the classification effect of CNN models with different structures is also compared. In our experiment, 4,509 TUSP images collected from the hospital's real data are randomly divided into 3,386 sheets as the training set and 1,123 sheets as the test set. The test set experimental results show that the 18-layer CNN model ResNet has a good performance for automatic classification of TUSP images, and the accuracy of TUSP images classification reaches 83.88%. This indicates that the deep learning method can classify TUSP images effectively, which lays a foundation for the automatic diagnosis of thyroid diseases.
Tungsten Etching in  CF 4 and  SF 6 Discharges (1984)

Plasma etching characteristics of tungsten films are studied in and in discharges. The etch rates are investigated as a function of electrode temperature, oxygen and hydrogen additions, system pressure, and RF power. Relative fluorine atom concentrations are determined by optical emission spectroscopy. Results indicate that tungsten etching is primarily controlled by fluorine atoms generated in the discharge in plasmas or when oxygen is added to the etch gases. In pure , species may play an important role in the etch process. Hydrogen additions scavenge fluorine atoms and generate residues which inhibit etching.
Fingertip detection and tracking using 2D and 3D information (2008)

In this paper, a method for the tracking of fingertip in scenes with complex background is proposed. Our method uses a trinocular stereo vision system, named Digiclops, to capture images and to segment finger blocks. For the case that the finger perpendicularly points to a camera, the fingertip can be rapidly located using a statistic-based method. While for other cases, a robust algorithm for fingertip detection is presented in this paper. Experimental results show that the proposed method can accurately track the fingertip at a speed of about 9.1 frames per second for the 1024times768 images and can be used for the construction of Perceptual User Interface (PUI) system.
Neutralizing BLE Beacon-Based Electronic Attendance System Using Signal Imitation Attack (2018)

Many emerging location- or proximity-based applications use Bluetooth low energy (BLE) beacons thanks to the increasing popularity of the technology in mobile systems. An outstanding example is the BLE beacon-based electronic attendance system (BEAS) used in many universities today to increase the efficiency of lectures. Despite its popularity and usefulness, however, BEAS has not been thoroughly analyzed for its potential vulnerabilities. In this paper, we neutralize a university's BEAS by maliciously cheating attendance (i.e., faking attendance while the subject is not physically present at the location) in various scenarios using signal imitation attack, and investigate its possible vulnerabilities. The BEAS exploited in this paper is a commercial system actually used in a well-known university. After the exploitation experiment, we analyze the system's weaknesses and present possible counter-measures. Furthermore, additional attack methods are shown to re-counteract those possible counter-measures and to discuss the fundamental challenges, deficiencies, and suggestions in electronic attendance systems using BLE beacons.
Beautiful Testing: Leading Professionals Reveal How They Improve Software (2009)

Successful software depends as much on scrupulous testing as it does on solid architecture or elegant code. But testing is not a routine process, it's a constant exploration of methods and an evolution of good ideas. Beautiful Testing offers 23 essays from 27 leading testers and developers that illustrate the qualities and techniques that make testing an art. Through personal anecdotes, you'll learn how each of these professionals developed beautiful ways of testing a wide range of products -- valuable knowledge that you can apply to your own projects. Here's a sample of what you'll find inside: Microsoft's Alan Page knows a lot about large-scale test automation, and shares some of his secrets on how to make it beautiful Scott Barber explains why performance testing needs to be a collaborative process, rather than simply an exercise in measuring speed Karen Johnson describes how her professional experience intersected her personal life while testing medical software Rex Black reveals how satisfying stakeholders for 25 years is a beautiful thing Mathematician John D. Cook applies a classic definition of beauty, based on complexity and unity, to testing random number generatorsAll author royalties will be donated to the Nothing But Nets campaign to save lives by preventing malaria, a disease that kills millions of children in Africa each year. This book includes contributions from: Adam Goucher Linda Wilkinson Rex Black Martin Schrder Clint Talbert Scott Barber Kamran Khan Emily Chen Brian Nitz Remko Tronon Alan Page Neal Norwitz Michelle Levesque Jeffrey Yasskin John D. Cook Murali Nandigama Karen N. Johnson Chris McMahon Jennitta Andrea Lisa Crispin Matt Heusser Andreas Zeller David Schuler Tomasz Kojm Adam Christian Tim Riley Isaac Clerencia
Evaluation of an algorithm based on single-condition decision rules for binary classification of 12-lead ambulatory ECG recording quality (2012)

A new algorithm for classifying ECG recording quality based on the detection of commonly observed ECG contaminants which often render the ECG unusable for diagnostic purposes was evaluated. Contaminants (baseline drift, flat line, QRS-artefact, spurious spikes, amplitude stepwise changes, noise) were detected on individual leads from joint time-frequency analysis and QRS amplitude. Classification was based on cascaded single-condition decision rules (SCDR) that tested levels of contaminants against classification thresholds. A supervised learning classifier (SLC) was implemented for comparison. The SCDR and SLC algorithms were trained on an annotated database (Set A, PhysioNet Challenge 2011) of 'acceptable' versus 'unacceptable' quality recordings using the 'leave M out' approach with repeated random partitioning and cross-validation. Two training approaches were considered: (i) balanced, in which training records had equal numbers of 'acceptable' and 'unacceptable' recordings, (ii) unbalanced, in which the ratio of 'acceptable' to 'unacceptable' recordings from Set A was preserved. For each training approach, thresholds were calculated, and classification accuracy of the algorithm compared to other rule based algorithms and the SLC using a database for which classifications were unknown (Set B PhysioNet Challenge 2011). The SCDR algorithm achieved the highest accuracy (91.40%) compared to the SLC (90.40%) in spite of its simple logic. It also offers the advantage that it facilitates reporting of meaningful causes of poor signal quality to users.
How Can One Choose the Best Method for Measuring FRET in a Microscope with My Biological System? (2005)

Extended abstract of a paper presented at Microscopy and Microanalysis 2005 in Honolulu, Hawaii, USA, July 31--August 4, 2005
A unique point mutation in the fibroblast growth factor receptor 3 gene (FGFR3) defines a new craniosynostosis syndrome. (1997)

The underlying basis of many forms of syndromic craniosynostosis has been defined on a molecular level. However, many patients with familial or sporadic craniosynostosis do not have the classical findings of those craniosynostosis syndromes. Here we present 61 individuals from 20 unrelated families where coronal synostosis is due to an amino acid substitution (Pro250Arg) that results from a single point mutation in the fibroblast growth factor receptor 3 gene on chromosome 4p. In this instance, a new clinical syndrome is being defined on the basis of the molecular finding. In addition to the skull findings, some patients had abnormalities on radiographs of hands and feet, including thimble-like middle phalanges, coned epiphyses, and carpal and tarsal fusions. Brachydactyly was seen in some cases; none had clinically significant syndactyly or deviation of the great toe. Sensorineural hearing loss was present in some, and developmental delay was seen in a minority. While the radiological findings of hands and feet can be very helpful in diagnosing this syndrome, it is not in all cases clearly distinguishable on a clinical basis from other craniosynostosis syndromes. Therefore, this mutation should be tested for in patients with coronal synostosis.
Epigenetic cancer therapy: Proof of concept and remaining challenges (2010)

Over the past few years several drugs that target epigenetic modifications have shown clinical benefits, thus seemingly validating epigenetic cancer therapy. More recently, however, it has become clear that these drugs are either characterized by low specificity or that their target enzymes have low substrate specificity. As such, clinical proof-of-concept for epigenetic cancer therapies remains to be established. Human cancers are characterized by widespread changes in their genomic DNA methylation and histone modification patterns. Epigenetic cancer therapy aims to restore normal epigenetic modification patterns through the inhibition of epigenetic modifier enzymes. In this review, we provide an overview about the known functional roles of DNA methyltransferases, histone deacetylases, histone methyltransferases, and demethylases in cancer development. The available data identify several examples that warrant further consideration as drug targets. Future research should be directed toward targeted enzyme inhibition and toward exploring interactions between epigenetic pathways to maximize cancer specificity.
New Evaluation Procedure for Multi-Dimensional Mechanical Strains and Tangent Moduli of Breast Implants: IDEAL IMPLANT® Structured Breast Implant Compared to Silicone Gel Implants (2019)

The IDEAL IMPLANT<sup>®</sup> Structured Breast Implant is a dual lumen saline-filled implant with capsular contracture and deflation/rupture rates much lower than single-lumen silicone gel-filled implants. To better understand the implant's mechanical properties and to provide a potential explanation for these eight-year clinical results, a novel approach to compressive load testing was employed. Multi-dimensional strains and tangent moduli, metrics describing the shape stability of the total implant, were derived from the experimental load and platen spacing data. The IDEAL IMPLANT was found to have projection, diametric, and areal strains that were generally less than silicone gel implants, and tangent moduli that were generally greater than silicone gel implants. Despite having a relatively inviscid saline fill, the IDEAL IMPLANT was found to be more shape stable compared to gel implants, which implies potentially less interaction with the capsule wall when the implant is subjected to compressive loads. Under compressive loads, the shape stability of a higher cross-link density, cohesive gel implant was unexpectedly found to be similar to or the same as a gel implant. In localized diametric compression testing, the IDEAL IMPLANT was found to have a palpability similar to a gel implant, but softer than a cohesive gel implant.
Measurements of Molecular Electrostatic Field Effects in Edge-to-Face Aromatic Interactions and CH-π Interactions with Implications for Protein Folding and Molecular Recognition (1998)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVCommunicationNEXTMeasurements of Molecular Electrostatic Field Effects in Edge-to-Face Aromatic Interactions and CH-π Interactions with Implications for Protein Folding and Molecular RecognitionEun-il Kim, Sunil Paliwal, and Craig S. WilcoxView Author Information Department of Chemistry University of Pittsburgh Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15260 Cite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1998, 120, 43, 11192–11193Publication Date (Web):October 16, 1998Publication History Received24 July 1998Published online16 October 1998Published inissue 1 November 1998https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja982620uhttps://doi.org/10.1021/ja982620urapid-communicationACS PublicationsCopyright © 1998 American Chemical SocietyRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views2918Altmetric-Citations323LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose SUBJECTS:Alkyls,Aromatic compounds,Molecular interactions,Organic compounds,Phenyls Get e-Alerts
Extending critical dimension measurement for optical microlithography with robust SEM image contours (2015)

Dimensions of fine and complex structures printed by microlithography inside a photoresist are inspected with the help of Scanning Electron Microscope generating high resolution top down greyscale digital images. The edges of the photoresist can be extracted from the images to produce contours that best exploit the relevant image information. Unfortunately, such contours are usually of bad quality and subject to edge detection errors due to the noise of the SEM image and the roughness of the photoresist. In this work, we introduce a new method to deal with contours to easily complete complex operations like smoothing of contours or robust averaging of multiple contours without the help of any reference contour layer. Our approach is to use level set to represent any 2D contour as a 3D surface. We demonstrate that we can easily smooth complex 2D contours of critical structures of around 50nm width. We also managed to generate very reliable contours by averaging multiple contours of low quality. Finally, the level set method was used to locally derive confidence about the determination of the average contours.