gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
MaSSIVE: the Mass Storage System IV Enterprise (1993)

The Mass Storage System IV Enterprise (MaSSIVE) a fourth-generation mass storage system that provides a file system service to teraflops computing systems, is described. A bitfile managed by MaSSIVE can be a complete, self-contained Unix file system specific to a particular MaSSIVE client. MaSSIVE will stage whole file systems from archival storage onto online storage devices and then provide its clients with raw block access to the staged file systems. It will comply with the IEEE Mass Storage System Reference Model, and will consist of cooperating processes distributed across a network of supermicrocomputers. The client interface to a file system will be implemented through a custom device driver that will permit I/O to MaSSIVE online storage drives. The device interface through a high-bandwidth data fabric to the storage device will use common device-controller-specific protocols. As file systems are unmounted by clients or clients disconnect from the data fabric, file systems can be migrated back to archive storage and removed from online storage.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Toolbox for the design of optimized microfluidic components (2006)

A computational "toolbox" for the a priori design of optimized microfluidic components is presented. These components consist of a microchannel under low-Reynolds number, pressure-driven flow, with an arrangement of grooves cut into the top and bottom to generate a tailored cross-channel flow. An advection map for each feature (i.e., groove of a particular shape and orientation) predicts the lateral transport of fluid within the channel due to that feature. We show that applying these maps in sequence generates an excellent representation of the outflow distribution for complex designs that combine these basic features. The effect of the complex three-dimensional flow field can therefore be predicted without solving the governing flow equations through the composite geometry, and the resulting distribution of fluids in the channel is used to evaluate how well a component performs a specified task. The generation and use of advection maps is described, and the toolbox is applied to determine optimal combinations of features for specified mixer sizes and mixing metrics.
High-Efficiency Multilayer Dielectric Diffraction Gratings (1995)

Get PDF Email Share Share with Facebook Tweet This Post on reddit Share with LinkedIn Add to CiteULike Add to Mendeley Add to BibSonomy Get Citation Copy Citation Text M. D. Perry, J. A. Britten, R. D. Boyd, H. Nguyen, B. W. Shore, and L. Li, "High-Efficiency Multilayer Dielectric Diffraction Gratings," Optics & Photonics News 6(12), 17-18 (1995) Export Citation BibTex Endnote (RIS) HTML Plain Text Citation alert Save article
Composite Resonator Surface Emitting Lasers (2000)

The authors have developed electrically-injected coupled-resonator vertical-cavity lasers and have studied their novel properties. These monolithically grown coupled-cavity structures have been fabricated with either one active and one passive cavity or with two active cavities. All devices use a selectively oxidized current aperture in the lower cavity, while a proton implant was used in the active-active structures to confine current in the top active cavity. They have demonstrated optical modulation from active-passive devices where the modulation arises from dynamic changes in the coupling between the active and passive cavities. The laser intensity can be modulated by either forward or reverse biasing the passive cavity. They have also observed Q-switched pulses from active-passive devices with pulses as short as 150 ps. A rate equation approach is used to model the Q-switched operation yielding good agreement between the experimental and theoretical pulseshape. They have designed and demonstrated the operation of active-active devices which la.se simultaneously at both longitudinal cavity resonances. Extremely large bistable regions have also been observed in the light-current curves for active-active coupled resonator devices. This bistability can be used for high contrast switching with contrast ratios as high as 100:1. Coupled-resonator vertical-cavity lasers have shown enhanced mode selectivity which has allowed devices to lase with fundamental-mode output powers as high as 5.2 mW.
A Nanoplasmonic Biosensor for Ultrasensitive Detection of Alzheimer’s Disease Biomarker Using a Chaotropic Agent (2019)

Blood-based diagnosis (hemodiagnosis) of Alzheimer's disease (AD) is emerging as a promising alternative to cerebrospinal-fluid-based methods because blood contains various kinds of AD biomarkers, including amyloid beta 1-40, 1-42, and τ (tau) protein. However, with current technology, the accuracy of the blood-plasma-based methods is relatively low compared to the traditional methods because the concentration of AD biomarkers in blood plasma is incredibly low, and diverse interference is present in blood plasma, which hinders precise detection. Here, we suggest a nanoplasmonic biosensor using gold nanorods with a chaotropic agent for precise ultrasensitive detecting of Alzheimer's disease biomarkers in human plasma. This nanoplasmonic biosensor is based on the localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPR), which is extremely sensitive to the point where it can respond to an insignificant change of the refractive index around the gold nanoparticles. Also, using guanidine hydrochloride as a chaotropic agent, we can overcome the obstacles of blood-based AD diagnostics. In more detail, this agent interrupts the network between water molecules and weakens the hydrophobic interactions between proteins, remarkably improving detection capabilities to target τ protein. By reducing the overlapping ranges between protein levels in an age-matched control and AD patients' plasma, this system can accurately diagnose AD patients. This platform also can analyze disease from mild cognitive impairment using standardized blood biomarker tau protein, which is related to Alzheimer's disease. As a result, our platform can be applied to clinical trials, and thus it has excellent potential in the medical field.
Strain Improvement of Recombinant <i>Escherichia coli</i> for Efficient Production of Plant Flavonoids (2008)

Plant flavonoid polyphenols continue to find increasing pharmaceutical and nutraceutical applications; however their isolation, especially of pure compounds, from plant material remains an underlying challenge. In the past Escherichia coli, one of the most well-characterized microorganisms, has been utilized as a recombinant host for protein expression and heterologous biosynthesis of small molecules. However, in many cases the expressed protein activities and biosynthetic efficiency are greatly limited by the host cellular properties, such as precursor and cofactor availability and protein or product tolerance. In the present work, we developed E. coli strains capable of high-level flavonoid synthesis through traditional metabolic engineering techniques. In addition to grafting the plant biosynthetic pathways, the methods included engineering of an alternative carbon assimilation pathway and the inhibition of competitive reaction pathways in order to increase intracellular flavonoid backbone precursors and cofactors. With this strategy, we report the production of plant-specific flavanones up to 700 mg/L and anthocyanins up to 113 mg/L from phenylpropanoic acid and flavan-3-ol precursors, respectively. These results demonstrated the efficient and scalable production of plant flavonoids from E. coli for pharmaceutical and nutraceutical applications.
M <sup>3</sup> I net: demonstration of an HD-WDM optical information-distribution network with interactive audio/video- channel using a two-electrode DFB LD as a multifunction optical transceiver (1993)

An interactive HD WDM optical network called M3I NET is reported which uses a two-electrode DFB LD as a multifunction device. This device acts as an FSK transmitter at one end and as an FSK receiver/ASK transmitter at the other end. The selection of one optical signal out of two was demonstrated and remote control of the transmitting information (TV program or CD musical part) was successfully achieved.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Diversely Fluorinated Pyrazoles as Novel Active Agrochemical Ingredients (2013)

Abstract Review: 50 refs.
Configuration of fuzzy membership function circuits using current mode (1987)

Abstract This paper presents a realization of the membership functions ( S, Z , ir and U functions) which serve as the input units of the fuzzy logical system, using the bounded difference of the fuzzy logic. The bounded‐difference circuit is constructed by the current mode using the current mirror based on the bipolar transistor array. The circuit for each membership function is realized and the modification of the circuit to other functions is discussed. The multifunction membership function (called N function) is proposed anew, which can realize the four forementioned membership functions flexibly by adjusting the parameters. The circuit for N function is constructed in the same way as the four preceding functions. The optimum circuit construction is presented based on theory and experiment. It is also shown that the membership circuit can be simplified using N and P ‐channel FET arrays. An FET circuit is presented which can eliminate the essential error in the current mirror composed of bipolar transistors.
Cytomegalovirus protein substrates are not cleaved by the herpes simplex virus type 1 proteinase (1995)

The herpesvirus maturational proteinase, assemblin, is made as a precursor that undergoes at least two autoproteolytic cleavages--one in a sequence toward its carboxyl end, called the maturational (M) site, and one in a sequence toward its midpoint, called the release (R) site. The M- and R-site sequences are both well conserved among the herpesvirus proteinase homologs, suggesting that the proteinase of one herpesvirus might be able to cleave the substrates of another. To test this possibility, we cloned and expressed in human cells the long (i.e., full-length open reading frame of proteinase gene) and short (i.e., proteolytic domain, assemblin) forms of the proteinase from human and simian cytomegalovirus (HCMV and SCMV, respectively) and from herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1), as well as the genes for their respective assembly protein precursor substrates. Data from cotransfections of these proteinase genes with appropriate homologous and heterologous substrates showed that although the SCMV and HCMV enzymes cleaved the M-sites of the assembly protein substrates of all three viruses and an SCMV R-site substrate, the HSV-1 proteinase cleaved only its own substrate. This finding demonstrates that the substrate specificity properties of the HSV-1 enzyme differ from those of the two CMV enzymes.
Induced resistance for the control of Dutch elm disease (2004)

In 1980, our research group at the faculty of Forestry, University of Toronto, demonstrated that young elm seedlings (4 years old) acquired resistance against aggressive strains of the Dutch elm disease pathogen (Ophiostoma novo- ulmi) when they were first inoculated with non-aggressive strains (O. ulmi) of the pathogen. This work was repeated in 2000 and 2002 with elm trees between 15 and 20 years of age. These trees were stem inoculated at breast height with O. ulmi and challenged with O. novo- ulmi, imitating the infection process by the European elm bark beetle. In general, the experiments indicated that non-aggressive strains, inoculated into the stem of 15-20-year-old conditioned trees, may produce disease symptoms but trees generally survive. This is in contrast to the unconditioned controls. These experiments further indicate that this type of induced resistance does not confer absolute immunity or protection under all circumstances but reduces considerably the disease severity and protects the tree from super-infection. Work based on induced resistance in elms in our laboratory led to the isolation of a glycoprotein that elicited defense mechanisms in the tree. Determination of the amino acid and DNA sequence of the glycoprotein resulted in the characterization of the elicitor gene. Field experiments on 5-year-old elm seedlings and 10 to 15 year old trees led to the following conclusions: the success of the elicitor treatment in protecting the tree against pathogen attack depends on the genetic constitution of the tree, its health and on environmental conditions.
Cross-species comparison of angiogenesis during the premalignant stages of squamous carcinogenesis in the human cervix and K14-HPV16 transgenic mice. (1997)

Infection of the human cervix with certain papillomavirus subtypes is associated with the development of neoplastic squamous lesions that can progress to overt cervical malignancies. Recently, multistage squamous carcinogenesis has been achieved in K14-HPV16 transgenic mice, wherein expression of the human papillomavirus (HPV) type 16 early genes is targeted to basal squamous epithelial cells by regulatory elements of the human keratin-14 (K14) promoter. Immunostaining of the endothelial marker vWf revealed a parallel upregulation of angiogenesis during the early neoplastic stages in both human cervix and the epidermis of K14-HPV16 transgenic mice. Moreover, high-grade premalignant lesions and cancers in humans and transgenic mice were characterized by an additional increment in the number of new capillaries and close apposition of the microvasculature to the overlying neoplastic epithelium. Expression of the potent angiogenic factor VEGF was progressively up-regulated during carcinogenesis in both species, correlating with the increased density and altered distribution of the microvasculature. Thus, angiogenesis occurs during the premalignant stages of squamous carcinogenesis in both human cervical disease and a relevant transgenic model and may be controlled by similar molecular mechanisms in both species. These results validate the use of the transgenic model to elucidate the role of angiogenesis during HPV-associated neoplastic progression.
Simple, high‐efficiency synthesis of fatty acid methyl esters from soapstock (2000)

Abstract We report a simple method that efficiently esterifies the fatty acids in soapstock, an inexpensive, lipid‐rich by‐product of edible oil production. The process involves (i) alkaline hydrolysis of all lipid‐linked fatty acid ester bonds and (ii) acid‐catalyzed esterification of the resulting fatty acid sodium salts. Step (i) completely saponified all glycerides and phosphoglycerides in the soapstock. Following water removal, the resulting free fatty acid sodium salts were rapidly and quantitatively converted to fatty acid methyl esters (FAME) by incubation with methanol and sulfuric acid at 35°C and ambient pressure. Minimum molar reactant ratios for full esterification were fatty acids/methanol/sulfuric acid of 1∶30∶5. The esterification reaction was substantially complete within 10 min and was not inhibited by residual water contents up to ca. 10% in the saponified soapstock. The product FAME contained >99% fatty acid esters, 0% triglycerides, <0.05% diglycerides, <0.1% monoglycerides, and <0.8% free fatty acids. Free fatty acid levels were further reduced by washing with dilute sodium hydroxide. Free and total glycerol were <0.01 and <0.015%, respectively. The water content was <0.04%. These values meet the current specifications for biodiesel, a renewable substitute for petroleum‐derived diesel fuel. The identities and proportions of fatty acid esters in the FAME reflected the fatty acid content of soybean lipids. Solids formed during the reaction contained 69.1% ash and 0.8% protein. Their sodium content indicated that sodium sulfate was the prime inorganic component. Carbohydrate was the predominant organic constituent of the solid.
A Screening test for the prediction of Dravet syndrome before one year of age (2007)

This simple screening test was designed to be used by general pediatricians. It could help to predict Dravet syndrome before one year of age. If the sum of the clinical risk score is >or= 6, then the performance of an SCN1A mutation analysis is recommended.
Autostereoscopic 3‐D display using LCD‐generated parallax barrier (1993)

Abstract A newly developed liquid crystal display‐generated (LCD‐generated) parallax barrier method for an autostereoscopic three‐dimensional (3‐D) display is described. This system consists of two LCD panels constituting a 3‐D display and a slit barrier. Compared to a conventional parallax barrier method, the slit barrier is not fixed but variable electrically. Therefore, the method can be flexible for any desired multiviewpoint 3‐D image display system. The compatibility with the usual 2‐D image display is fully ensured. Also, both 2‐D and 3‐D images can simultaneously be displayed. A prototype 3‐D image display apparatus suitable for a personal computer has been demonstrated to indicate a strong feasibility for a new 3‐D image display application.
Polarization behavior of vertical-cavity surface-emitting lasers: Experiments, models and applications (2001)

Due to the emission of light perpendicular to the surface of the quantum well and the usually symmetric vertical resonator there is a priori no intrinsic polarization anisotropy mechanism in VCSELs. Small residual strain explains the emission of linearly polarized light with a common orientation along [110] or [1–10] crystallographic directions. These two modes of linear polarization are strongly anti-correlated. Experimentally, polarization switching between them can be observed with increasing the injection current. It could happen from shorter to longer wavelength mode (type 1) or in the opposite way—from longer to shorter wavelength mode (type II). The polarization switching happens through a region of mode hopping or hysteresis. In the first case, the dwell time (the average time the laser spends in one mode) scales in several orders of magnitude. Thermal (carrier) effects influence the polarization behavior of VCSELs through the red (blue) shift of the gain maximum and through the dependence of the losses on the photon energy and temperature. Also, internal or external stress strongly affects the polarization behavior of VCSELs, giving rise to refractive index and gain anisotropy. In principle, one has to consider different gain curves for different orientation of the light polarization. Such two–gain–curve gain equalization model could explain type I polarization switching followed by type II polarization switching. In order an abrupt switch to exist, gain nonlinearities have to be taken into account. It is possible that the spin-flip dynamics is playing an essential role during the polarization switch. Finally, we show one straightforward implementation of polarization switching in VCSELs, e.g. reconfigurable interconnects.
Enriched enrollment randomized double-blind placebo-controlled cross-over trial with phenytoin cream in painful chronic idiopathic axonal polyneuropathy (EPHENE): a study protocol (2022)

ClinicalTrials.gov NCT04647877 . Registered on 1 December 2020.
An introduction to pulse detonation rocket engines (PDREs) (1997)

An overview of a Pulse Detonation Rocket Engines (PDREs) is presented. PDREs have the potential to significantly reduce the cost and complexity of today's liquid propellant rocket engines. Practical engineering issues and subsystem technologies are being addressed by ASI to ensure that this potential is realized. This paper describes the important components required for a PDRE, presents some fundamental thermodynamic, design, and operational issues associated with the engine, and discusses several past ASI test articles utilized to provide validation of the PDRE concept.
Synthesis of Pt(II) complexes containing D-glucuronate, D-gluconate, or their acetyl derivatives and evaluation of antitumor activity against murine leukemia L1210. (1988)

New antitumor-active Pt(II) complexes of (1R, 2R)-cyclohexanediamine (=(1R, 2R)-dach) and 2-(aminomethyl)cyclohexylamine (=amcha) isomers containing D-glucuronate, D-gluconate, tetra-O-acetylglucuronate (=Ac4-glucuronate) or tetra-O-acetylgluconate (=Ac4-gluconate) as a leaving group were synthesized. The structures of the Pt(II) complexes were determined by analyzing the infrared and 13C-nuclear magnetic resonance spectra and it was concluded that these leaving groups coordinate to the central Pt(II) ions through the carboxyl groups. Antitumor activities of the Pt(II) complexes were tested against murine leukemia L1210 according to the protocol of the National Cancer Institute (Bethesda, Md.). All the Pt(II) complexes synthesized were antitumor-active. In particular, water-soluble Pt(gluconato)(NO3)(cis-amcha) and lipo-soluble Pt(Ac4-β-glucuronato)2-((1R, 2R)-dach) exhibited excellent antitumor activity, giving T/C% values of 317 and 388, respectively, each with four cured mice out of six at a dose of 50 mg/kg. These two Pt(II) complexes are considered to be worthy of further development.
Ferromagnetic–insulator–ferromagnetic tunneling: Spin-dependent tunneling and large magnetoresistance in trilayer junctions (invited) (1996)

Tunneling between ferromagnet–insulator–ferromagnet (FM–I–FM) trilayer thin-film planar junctions has been successfully studied. Tunnel current was observed to be dependent on the relative orientation of the magnetization (M). Co, CoCr, CoFe, Fe0.7Pt0.3, and NiFe were tried as the FM electrodes with Al2O3 or MgO as the barrier layers for the above studies. Large magnetoresistance (MR) was observed as the M alignment of the two ferromagnets changed from being parallel to antiparallel orientation. At room temperature, the highest change in junction MR was 18%, field sensitivity factor reaching 5%/Oe in the best cases. The MR value increased to 25.6% at 4.2 K, and decreased as the dc bias was increased to a fraction of the barrier height. The angular dependence of MR varied nearly as the cosine of the relative angle of M, as predicted by Slonczewski’s theory. The magnitude of MR agrees well with that given by Julliere’s model, which predicts that the MR varies as the product of the conduction electron spin polarization of the FMs. These trilayer junctions can find application as high-density, nonvolatile storage media or as field sensors.
<title>Automatic page layout using genetic algorithms for electronic albuming</title> (2000)

In this paper, we describe a flexible system for automatic page layout that makes use of genetic algorithms for albuming applications. The system is divided into two modules, a page creator module which is responsible for distributing images amongst various album pages, and an image placement module which positions images on individual pages. Final page layouts are specified in a textual form using XML for printing or viewing over the Internet. The system makes use of genetic algorithms, a class of search and optimization algorithms that are based on the concepts of biological evolution, for generating solutions with fitness based on graphic design preferences supplied by the user. The genetic page layout algorithm has been incorporated into a web-based prototype system for interactive page layout over the Internet. The prototype system is built using client-server architecture and is implemented in java. The system described in this paper has demonstrated the feasibility of using genetic algorithms for automated page layout in albuming and web-based imaging applications. We believe that the system adequately proves the validity of the concept, providing creative layouts in a reasonable number of iterations. By optimizing the layout parameters of the fitness function, we hope to further improve the quality of the final layout in terms of user preference and computation speed.