gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
COX‐2 inhibition prevents the appearance of cutaneous squamous cell carcinomas accelerated by BRAF inhibitors (2013)

Keratoacanthomas (KAs) and cutaneous squamous cell carcinomas (cuSCCs) develop in 15-30% of patients with BRAF(V600E) metastatic melanoma treated with BRAF inhibitors (BRAFi). These lesions resemble mouse skin tumors induced by the two-stage DMBA/TPA skin carcinogenesis protocol; in this protocol BRAFi accelerates tumor induction. Since prior studies demonstrated cyclooxygenase 2 (COX-2) is necessary for DMBA/TPA tumor induction, we hypothesized that COX-2 inhibition might prevent BRAFi-accelerated skin tumors. Celecoxib, a COX-2 inhibitor, significantly delayed tumor acceleration by the BRAFi inhibitor PLX7420 and decreased tumor number by 90%. Tumor gene expression profiling demonstrated that celecoxib partially reversed the PLX4720-induced gene signature. In PDV cuSCC cells, vemurafenib (a clinically approved BRAFi) increased ERK phosphorylation and soft agar colony formation; both responses were greatly decreased by celecoxib. In clinical trials trametinib, a MEK inhibitor (MEKi) increases BRAFi therapy efficacy in BRAF(V600E) melanomas and reduces BRAFi-induced KA and cuSCC frequency. Trametinib also reduced vemurafenib-induced PDV soft agar colonies, but less efficiently than celecoxib. The trametinb/celecoxib combination was more effective than either inhibitor alone. In conclusion, celecoxib suppressed both BRAFi-accelerated skin tumors and soft-agar colonies, warranting its testing as a chemopreventive agent for non-melanoma skin lesions in patients treated with BRAFi alone or in combination with MEKi.
Battery supplied low power analog-digital front-end for audio applications (2000)

This paper presents the development of a full custom low power, mixed-mode, analog digital front-end chip for audio applications. The front-end is used with a full custom DSP ASIC in a high performance hearing aid system. The front-end implements functions as preamps, low power stereo audio analog to digital converters, remote-control receiver, high PSSR power supplies, time base, voltage reference and a DC-DC converter. The chip has around 170K MOS and is operating down to 0.9V from the battery. The chip is produced using a 0.35 µm, 3.3V CMOS process with quadruple metal, two poly resistors and double poly capacitors.
Independent locations of kinase and 3'-phosphatase activities on T4 polynucleotide kinase. (1982)

We have used two chemical modification reagents and three proteases to study the relationship between the two activities of T4 polynucleotide kinase. In each case, conditions were found where one of the two activities of the enzyme could be eliminated without greatly reducing the other. Taken together, these data indicate that the two activities are catalyzed by amino acid residues located in separate active sites on the polypeptide chain. Specific exopeptidase digestion indicates that the kinase activity lies in the NH2-terminal and the phosphatase in the COOH-terminal portion of the polypeptide chain. Partial trypsin digestion produces a 29,000-dalton fragment with no kinase activity and nearly normal 3'-phosphatase activity.
Passivation of Zn3P2 substrates by aqueous chemical etching and air oxidation (2012)

Surface recombination velocities measured by time-resolved photoluminescence and compositions of Zn3P2 surfaces measured by x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) have been correlated for a series of wet chemical etches of Zn3P2 substrates. Zn3P2 substrates that were etched with Br2 in methanol exhibited surface recombination velocity values of 2.8 × 104 cm s−1, whereas substrates that were further treated by aqueous HF–H2O2 exhibited surface recombination velocity values of 1.0 × 104 cm s−1. Zn3P2 substrates that were etched with Br2 in methanol and exposed to air for 1 week exhibited surface recombination velocity values of 1.8 × 103 cm s−1, as well as improved ideality in metal/insulator/semiconductor devices.
ATM knits voice, data on any net (1994)

The hottest topic in the communications industry is asynchronous transfer mode, or ATM. After hiding out for several years in standards committees around the world, the technology is grabbing headlines in every periodical in the field; the reason is that ATM is the first technology to merge voice and data communications into a common format that is equally and equitably inefficient for both. Here, the author presents an overview of ATM technology and applications.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Study of Rough Set and Clustering Algorithm in Network Security Management (2009)

Getting a better grasp of computer network security is of great significance to protect the normal operation of network system. Based on rough set (RS), clustering model, security features reduction and clustering algorithm are presented, which provides a basis of network security strategies. Further research is to mine and process the dynamic risks and management of network security. Using the reduction methods, the simplified network security assessment data set is established. The extraction by the decision-making rules is proposed and verified. Through the results, it is concluded that the method could be in line with the actual situation of decision-making rules.
Regulated Antisense RNA Eliminates Alpha-Toxin Virulence in <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i> Infection (1999)

The ability to selectively disrupt gene function remains a critical element in elucidating information regarding gene essentiality for bacterial growth and/or pathogenesis. In this study, we adapted a tet regulatory expression system for use in Staphylococcus aureus, with the goal of downregulating gene expression via induction of antisense RNA. We demonstrate that this system exhibits a 50- to 100-fold dose-dependent level of induction in bacterial cells grown in culture (i.e., in vitro) and also functions in mice (i.e., in vivo) following oral administration of inducer. To determine whether induced antisense RNA could interfere with chromosomally derived gene expression, we cloned a fragment of the S. aureus alpha-toxin gene (hla) in antisense orientation downstream of the tet promoter system and introduced the construct into S. aureus. Induced antisense hla RNA downregulated chromosomally derived hla gene expression in vitro approximately 14-fold. Similarly, induction of hla antisense RNA in vivo dramatically reduced alpha-toxin expression in two different murine models of S. aureus infection. Most importantly, this reduction completely eliminated the lethality of the infection. These results indicate that the tet regulatory system functions efficiently in S. aureus and induced antisense RNA can effectively downregulate chromosomal gene expression both in vitro and in vivo.
AGENT-ENHANCED COLLABORATIVE ACTIVITY IN ORGANIZED SETTINGS (2006)

For groups of agents to act collaboratively, they need to recognize the need for collaboration, decide on the method to be followed for achieving goal states, assign responsibilities to subgroups and individuals, and so on, until responsibilities that can be fulfilled by individuals are reached. Aiming to support collaborative activity of humans within organized settings, this paper introduces a set of constructs for specifying organizational structures and introduces an explicit representation of individual and collaborative responsibilities within organizations. We conjecture that group members create common awareness towards recognizing the need for collaboration by forming group acceptances. Acceptances are formed by means of shared practices and beliefs of individual agents. The paper introduces state recognition recipes that drive group members within organizations to form acceptances, and thoroughly explains the exploitation of these recipes in conjunction to state achievement recipes for achieving goal states and fulfilling responsibilities collaboratively.
Public Locations of Cardiac Arrest (1998)

Placement of 276 AEDs in the 172 higher-incidence sites would have provided treatment for 134 cardiac arrest patients in a 5-year period, 60% of whom were in ventricular fibrillation. We estimate between 8 and 32 lives could be saved in 5 years. To cover the remaining 347 arrests occurring in public in a 5-year period, defibrillators would have to be placed in 71,000 sites, not including outdoors and automobiles. Placement of AEDs in public locations can be guided by the site-specific incidence of arrest.
Communication protocols for wireless sensor networks: A survey and comparison (2019)

Studies conducted on resource management in wireless sensor networks have identified energy efficient routing protocols as one of the energy saving mechanisms that can be used to manage the consumption of networks' available energy and extend network lifetime. Routing protocols assist in finding paths for transmission of sensed events, and they must be able to extend the lifetime of a network despite some of the limitations of sensor nodes in a network and the harsh environments in which the sensor nodes are to operate. In this paper, we survey and compare existing routing protocols in wireless sensor networks. We start by introducing the different solutions that can be used to improve the network lifetime and focus on energy efficient routing protocols as the area of the survey, in addition to network topology modeling. We also model the network regarding energy consumption, sensing and event extraction analysis in the network. Categorization of the routing protocols into homogeneous and heterogeneous was performed, for which, sub-classification into static and mobile and other behavioral patterns of the routing protocols was done. The second phase of the paper presents models and simulations of selected routing protocols and comparisons of their performances. We conclude this paper by discussing future work directions with highlights on some futuristic applications.
New records of moths from Macau, Southeast China. (1996)

Records of 145 species of moths are listed for the Portuguese territory of Macau, of which 127 are new records.
Optimal Two Player LQR State Feedback With Varying Delay (2014)

This paper presents an explicit solution to a two player distributed LQR problem in which communication between controllers occurs across a communication link with varying delay. We extend known dynamic programming methods to accommodate this varying delay, and show that under suitable assumptions, the optimal control actions are linear in their information, and that the resulting controller has piecewise linear dynamics dictated by the current effective delay regime.
The MIT Mobile Device Speaker Verification Corpus: Data Collection and Preliminary Experiments (2006)

In this paper we discuss data collection and preliminary experiments for a new speaker verification corpus collected on a small handheld device in multiple environments using multiple microphones. This corpus, which has been made publically available by MIT, is intended for explorations of the problem of robust speaker verification on handheld devices in noisy environments with limited training data. To provide a set of preliminary results, we examine text-dependent speaker verification under a variety of cross-conditional environment and microphone training constraints. Our preliminary results indicate that the presence of noise in the training data improves the robustness of our speaker verification models even when tested in mismatched environments
SRA: Fast Removal of General Multipath for ToF Sensors (2014)

A major issue with Time of Flight sensors is the presence of multipath interference. We present Sparse Reflections Analysis (SRA), an algorithm for removing this interference which has two main advantages. First, it allows for very general forms of multipath, including interference with three or more paths, diffuse multipath resulting from Lambertian surfaces, and combinations thereof. SRA removes this general multipath with robust techniques based on $L_1$ optimization. Second, due to a novel dimension reduction, we are able to produce a very fast version of SRA, which is able to run at frame rate. Experimental results on both synthetic data with ground truth, as well as real images of challenging scenes, validate the approach.
Decreased shoot stature and grain  -amylase activity following ectopic expression of a gibberellin 2-oxidase gene in transgenic wheat (2007)

Ectopic expression of a gibberellin 2-oxidase gene (PcGA2ox1) decreased the content of bioactive gibberellins (GAs) in transgenic wheat, producing a range of dwarf plants with different degrees of severity. In at least one case, a single transformation event gave rise to T(1) plants with different degrees of dwarfism, the phenotypes being stably inherited over at least four generations. The dwarf phenotype, which included dark-green leaves, increased tillering and, in severe cases, a prostrate growth habit, was replicated by the application of a GA biosynthesis inhibitor to the wild type. Ear rachis length, grain set, and grain size were also decreased in the wheat transformants, compared with an azygous (null) line. The extent of post-germination alpha-amylase production in grains reflected the severity of the shoot phenotype of the transformants and both developmental processes were restored to normal by the application of gibberellic acid (GA(3)). Expression of two GA biosynthesis genes (TaGA20ox1 and TaGA3ox2) was up-regulated, and that of two alpha-amylase gene families (alpha-Amy1 and alpha-Amy2) down regulated, in scutella of semi-dwarf lines, compared with controls. The marked decline in transcript abundance of both alpha-amylase gene families in aleurone was associated with a decreased content of bioactive GAs in grains of the semi-dwarf lines.
Microbial Diversity in Milk of Women With Mastitis: Potential Role of Coagulase-Negative Staphylococci, Viridans Group Streptococci, and Corynebacteria (2017)

Many coagulase-negative staphylococci, viridans group streptococci, and corynebacteria, usually dismissed as contaminant bacteria, may play an important role as etiologic agents of mastitis. Proper diagnosis of mastitis should be established after performing microbiological testing of milk based on standardized procedures. A reliable analysis must identify the mastitis-causing pathogen(s) at the species level and its(their) concentration(s).
PKC-dependent regulation of transepithelial resistance: roles of MLC and MLC kinase (1999)

The mechanisms by which protein kinase C (PKC) activation results in increased transepithelial resistance (TER) are unknown [G. Hecht, B. Robinson, and A. Koutsouris. Am. J. Physiol. 266 (Gastrointest. Liver Physiol. 29): G214-G221, 1994]. We have previously shown that phosphorylation of the regulatory light chain of myosin II (MLC) is associated with decreases in TER and have suggested that contraction of the perijunctional actomyosin ring (PAMR) increases tight junction (TJ) permeability [J. R. Turner, B. K. Rill, S. L. Carlson, D. Carnes, R. Kerner, R. J. Mrsny, and J. L. Madara. Am. J. Physiol. 273 (Cell Physiol. 42): C1378-C1385, 1997]. We therefore hypothesized that PKC activation alters TER via relaxation of the PAMR. Activation of PKC by the phorbol ester phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA) resulted in a progressive dose-dependent increase in TER that was apparent within 15 min (111% of controls) and maximal within 2 h (142% of controls). Similar increases were induced by a diacylglycerol analog, and the effects of both PMA and the diacylglycerol analog were prevented by the PKC inhibitor bisindolylmaleimide I. PMA treatment caused progressive decreases in MLC phosphorylation, by 12% at 15 min and 41% at 2 h. Phosphorylation of MLC kinase (MLCK) increased by 64% within 15 min of PMA treatment and was stable over 2 h (51% greater than that of controls). Thus increases in MLCK phosphorylation preceded decreases in MLC phosphorylation. These data suggest that PKC regulates TER via decreased phosphorylation of MLC, possibly due to inhibitory phosphorylation of MLCK. The decreased phosphorylation of MLC likely reduces PAMR tension, leading to decreased TJ permeability.
Sugar nucleotide recognition by Klebsiella pneumoniae UDP-d-galactopyranose mutase: Fluorinated substrates, kinetics and equilibria (2009)

A series of selectively fluorinated and other substituted UDP-D-galactose derivatives have been evaluated as substrates for Klebsiella pneumoniae UDP-D-galactopyranose mutase. This enzyme, which catalyses the interconversion of the pyranose and furanose forms of galactose as its UDP adduct, is a prospective drug target for a variety of microbial infections. We show that none of the 2''-, 3''- or 6''-hydroxyl groups of UDP-D-galactopyranose are essential for substrate binding and turnover. However, steric factors appear to play an important role in limiting the range of substitutions that can be accommodated at C-2'' and C-6'' of the sugar nucleotide substrate. Attempts to invert the C-2'' stereochemistry from equatorial to axial, changing D-galacto- to D-talo-configuration, in an attempt to exploit the higher percentage of furanose at equilibrium in the talo-series, met with no turnover of substrate.
Automated Enzyme Screening Methods for the Preparation of Enantiopure Pharmaceutical Intermediates (2003)

Abstract In a pharmaceutical environment, the need for efficient and practical screening techniques has become vital in the search for ideal enzymes that can be used in the preparation of drug intermediates. This paper describes a general high throughput screening (HTS) protocol that has been validated by a number of global projects within Pfizer. It outlines the procedures for the preparation of screening kits, as well as protocols for reaction set‐up, optimization and analysis. The need for such protocols in routinely evaluating the use of solvent engineering in enzymatic hydrolysis reactions is also outlined, with several examples provided. The advantages and disadvantages of a number of complementary analytical tools that are being used in the analysis of enzymatic reactions are also discussed.
Effect of optical aberration on Gaussian speckle in a partially coherent imaging system (2009)

Optical aberration effects on Gaussian speckle contrast are theoretically examined in an imaging system exhibiting partial spatial coherence. Analysis includes phase-perturbed random fields from a rough object illuminated by an extended source that generate speckle in the image plane. Results indicate that, unlike coherent illumination, speckle contrast in this partially coherent system depends on odd-functional aberrations, such as coma. In addition, calculations show that speckle contrast reduction as a function of coherence factor exhibits a stronger dependence on aberrations than for an aberration-free case.
[Cytokines in immunopathogenesis of pulmonary tuberculosis]. (1995)

Production of IL-1, IL-2, gamma-interferon and PNO was measured in 46 patients with various forms of pulmonary tuberculosis. Cytokins quantitation was conducted biologically, using radioimmunoassay and enzyme immunoassay in supernatants of cellular structures (blood lymphocytes). There were high levels of IL-1 and PNO, reduced production of IL-2 and gamma-IFN by stimulated blood mononuclears. In effective chemotherapy (3-4 months) production of IL-1 tented to a decline, while that of IL-2 and gamma-IFN went up.
Field and temperature scaling of the critical current density in commercial REBCO coated conductors (2015)

Scaling relations describing the electromagnetic behaviour of coated conductors (CCs) greatly simplify the design of REBCO-based devices. The performance of REBCO CCs is strongly influenced by fabrication route, conductor architecture and materials, and these parameters vary from one manufacturer to the others. In the present work we have examined the critical surface for the current density, Jc(T,B,θ ), of coated conductors from six different manufacturers: American Superconductor Co. (US), Bruker HTS GmbH (Germany), Fujikura Ltd. (Japan), SuNAM Co. Ltd. (Korea), SuperOx ZAO (Russia) and SuperPower Inc. (US). Electrical transport and magnetic measurements were performed at temperatures between 4.2 K and 77 K and in magnetic field up to 19 T. Experiments were conducted at three different orientations of the field with respect to the crystallographic c-axis of the REBCO layer, θ = 0deg , 45deg and 90deg , in order to probe the angular anisotropy of Jc. In spite of the large variability of CCs performance, we show here that field and temperature dependences of Jc at a given angle can be reproduced over wide ranges using a scaling relation based only on three parameters. Furthermore, we present and validate a new approach combining magnetic and transport measurements for the determination of the scaling parameters with minimal experimental effort.
Antitumor Activity of Doxorubicin Encapsulated in Poly(ethylene glycol)-Coated Liposomes. (1995)

The antitumor activity of doxorubicin (DXR) which had been encapsulated in poly(ethylene glycol) (PEP)-coated long-circulating liposomes was examined in mice inoculated with colon 26 carcinoma cells. Six mol% of the distearoylphosphatidylethanolamine derivative of PEGs with different molecular weights was incorporated in liposomes (90-110 nm, mean diameter) composed of distearoylphosphatidylcholine/cholesterol (1/1, molar ratio), and the encapsulating efficiency of DXR in liposomes was more than 98% by the pH gradient method. Each concentration of DXR in blood and tumor tissue was significantly greater after administration of the drug encapsulated in PEG-coated liposomes (DXR-PEG-liposome) compared to the non-coated control liposomes or non-encapsulated free drug. DXR-PEG-liposome prepared with PEG1000 (DXR-PEG1000-liposome) more effectively increased the level of DXR in blood and tumor than did the preparations with PEG5000 or PEG 12000. A single treatment with DXR-PEG1000-liposome (10 mg DXR/kg) resulted in increased survival time. Further therapeutic improvement in terms of tumor growth retardation and prolongation of survival time were observed following multiple treatments with DXR-PEG1000-liposome (3 x 5 mg DXR/kg). Long-circulating liposome coating optimized PEGs should be useful for the delivery of chemotherapeutic agents for the treatment of solid tumors.
Adaptando el acuerdo ADPIC a las necesidades de la sociedad de la información: cómo preservar el libre acceso a la información (2006)

1. Accès à la connaissance du droit d'auteur de l'auteur 2. L'accès à la technologie dans le droit d'auteur d'aujourd'hui 3. Accès à la connaissance du droit d'auteur de la mère 4. Conclusion
MBE growth and characterization of InGaAs/ GaAs strained-layer superlattices (1982)

We have carried out the first investigation of the structural and electronic properties of MBE-grown In/sub x/Ga/sub 1-x/As/GaAs (100) strained-layer superlattices. These structures consist of alternating layers of In/sub x/Ga/sub 1-x/As (x approx. = 0.2) and GaAs in which the bulk lattice mismatch (approx. = 1.4%) is totally accommodated by coherent strains. The layer thicknesses (in the range 30 to 100 A) and layer compositions were verified by x-ray diffraction. Photocurrent and photoluminescence spectroscopic measurements have been made to determine the position of the superlattice bandgap. The measured values are in good agreement with those predicted from theoretical calculations.
Quantum Algorithm for Data Fitting (2012)

We provide a new quantum algorithm that efficiently determines the quality of a least-squares fit over an exponentially large data set by building upon an algorithm for solving systems of linear equations efficiently [Harrow et al., Phys. Rev. Lett. 103, 150502 (2009)]. In many cases, our algorithm can also efficiently find a concise function that approximates the data to be fitted and bound the approximation error. In cases where the input data are pure quantum states, the algorithm can be used to provide an efficient parametric estimation of the quantum state and therefore can be applied as an alternative to full quantum-state tomography given a fault tolerant quantum computer.