gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
New Drug‐Structure‐Directing Agent Concept: Inherent Pharmacological Activity Combined with Templating Solid and Hollow‐Shell Mesostructured Silica Nanoparticles (2016)

One of the major challenges in medicine is the delivery and control of drug release over time. Current approaches take advantage of mesostructured silica nanoparticles (MSNs) as carriers but suffer several problems including complex synthesis that requires sequential steps for (1) removal of surfactants and (2) functionalization of MSNs to allow upload of the drugs. Here, a novel solution is presented to these restrictions: the design of drug‐structure‐directing agents (DSDAs) with dual inherent pharmacological activity and ability to direct the formation of solid and hollow‐shell MSNs. Pharmacologically active DSDAs obtained by amidation of drugs with fatty acids are allowed to form micelles, around which the inorganic species self‐assembled to form MSNs. Since the DSDAs direct the formation of MSNs, the steps to remove surfactants, functionalization, and drug upload are not required. The MSNs thus prepared provide sustained release of the drug over more than six months, as well as rapid cellular internalization by both physiological and tumoral human colon cells without affecting cell viability. Moreover, the gradual intracellular release of both, the active drug and lipid moiety with potential nutraceutical properties is proved. MSN particles designed with this approach are promising vehicles for controlled and sustained intra‐or extracellular drug‐delivery.
Self-Assembly of Subnanometer-Diameter Single-Wall MoS <sub>2</sub> Nanotubes (2001)

We report on the synthesis, structure, and self-assembly of single-wall subnanometer-diameter molybdenum disulfide tubes. The nanotubes are up to hundreds of micrometers long and display diverse self-assembly properties on different length scales, ranging from twisted bundles to regularly shaped "furry" forms. The bundles, which contain interstitial iodine, can be readily disassembled into individual molybdenum disulfide nanotubes. The synthesis was performed using a novel type of catalyzed transport reaction including C(60) as a growth promoter.
Using the web to disambiguate acronyms (2006)

This paper proposes an automatic method for disambiguating an acronym with multiple definitions, considering the context surrounding the acronym. First, the method obtains the Web pages that include both the acronym and its definitions. Second, the method feeds them to the machine learner. Cross-validation tests results indicate that the current accuracy of obtaining the appropriate definition for an acronym is around 92% for two ambiguous definitions and around 86% for five ambiguous definitions.
Transverse, Pavement Markings for Speed Control and Accident Reduction (1975)

Transverse pavement markings were placed ahead of a sharp curve having a high-accident history. Speed and accident studies were conducted before and after. The markings were placed so that drivers otherwise failing to reduce speeds while approaching the curve would see transverse lines on the pavement at an increasing rate. The spacing of lines was intended to create an illusion of acceleration which would cause the driver to slow. The results indicated that pavement markings can be an effective speed-control measure and reduce accidents. At the single site studied, the obedience of drivers to this type of hazard warning was more effective than signing alone. Further uses of markings in this way may be warranted at locations where excessive speeds contribute to accidents. The length of roadway marked in this trial was 810 feet (247 m). Consideration should be given to increasing the distance in future installations. Although the striping tape performed satisfactorily, painted lines could be used as an alternate.
Activation-induced cell death of aggressive histology lymphomas by CD40 stimulation: induction of bax (2002)

CD40 is present on both normal and neoplastic B-lineage cells. CD40 stimulation of normal B cells has been shown to promote normal growth and differentiation, whereas aggressive histology B lymphomas are growth inhibited. The inhibition of neoplastic B-cell growth is believed to occur via activation-induced cell death in which stimuli that typically promote the growth of normal cells prevent the growth of their neoplastic counterparts. We show here that CD40 stimulation using either a soluble recombinant human CD40 ligand (srhCD40L) or anti-CD40 monoclonal antibody resulted in apoptosis of human Burkitt lymphoma cell lines. Additional studies examining the mechanism of CD40-mediated death revealed an increase in bax messenger RNA with a subsequent increase in Bax protein in the mitochondria of the treated cells. In vitro exposure of the cells to bax antisense oligonucleotides resulted in a significant decline in Bax protein levels and partial protection from CD40-mediated death, indicating that induction of Bax was at least one mechanism underlying this inhibitory effect of CD40 stimulation on lymphomas. When immunodeficient mice bearing Burkitt lymphoma were treated with srhCD40L, significant increases in survival were observed indicating a direct antitumor effect as a result of CD40 stimulation in vivo. Overall, these results demonstrate that CD40 ligation of aggressive histology B-lymphoma cells results in inhibition both in vitro and in vivo and thus may be of potential clinical use in their treatment.
A Direct Least-Squares Solution to Multi-View Absolute and Relative Pose from 2D-3D Perspective Line Pairs (2019)

We propose a new algorithm for estimating the absolute and relative pose of a multi-view camera system. We derive a direct least squares solver using Grobner basis which works both for the minimal case (set of 3 line pairs for each camera) and the general case using all inlier 2D-3D line pairs for a multi-view camera system. The algorithm has been validated on a large synthetic dataset as well as real data. Experimental results confirm the stable and real-time performance under realistic outlier ratio and noise on the line parameters. Comparative tests show that our method compares favorably to the latest state of the art algorithms.
Low‐Dimensional Organic–Inorganic Halide Perovskite: Structure, Properties, and Applications (2017)

Three-dimensional (3 D) perovskite has attracted a lot of attention owing to its success in photovoltaic (PV) solar cells. However, one of its major crucial issues lies in its stability, which has limited its commercialization. An important property of organic-inorganic perovskite is the possibility of forming a layered material by using long organic cations that do not fit into the octahedral cage. These long organic cations act as a "barrier" that "caps" 3 D perovskite to form the layered material. Controlling the number of perovskite layers could provide a confined structure with chemical and physical properties that are different from those of 3 D perovskite. This opens up a whole new batch of interesting materials with huge potential for optoelectronic applications. This Minireview presents the synthesis, properties, and structural orientation of low-dimensional perovskite. It also discusses the progress of low-dimensional perovskite in PV solar cells, which, to date, have performance comparable to that of 3 D perovskite but with enhanced stability. Finally, the use of low-dimensional perovskite in light-emitting diodes (LEDs) and photodetectors is discussed. The low-dimensional perovskites are promising candidates for LED devices, mainly because of their high radiative recombination as a result of the confined low-dimensional quantum well.
Chemical Modification of Polysulfones II: An Efficient Method for Introducing Primary Amine Groups onto the Aromatic Chain (1995)

Peer reviewed: Yes
Aurora A kinase and gynecological tumors (2014)

Aurora A is a key serine/threonine kinase regulating cell cycle,which is involved in various procedures of mitosis,strictly depending on cell cycle.The single nucleotide pelymorphisms (SNP) of AURKA gene and the aberrant expression of its encoding product Aurora A kinase are often closely related with the tumorigenesis,progression and prognosis of gynecological tumors,such as ovarian cancer,endometrial cancer,cervical cancer and sarcoma of uterus.Aurora A has become an ideal target for the targeted therapy of gynecological tumors.

Key words: 
Ovarian neoplasms;  Endometrial neoplasms;  Cervical neoplasms;  Aurora A kinase
Effect Of G2706A and G1051A polymorphisms of the ABCA1 gene on the lipid, oxidative stress and homocystein levels in Turkish patients with polycystıc ovary syndrome (2011)

We found higher percentage of AA genotype and A allele of ABCA G2706A in PCOS patients compare to controls. The fasting insulin and homocystein levels were significantly higher in PCOS patients with ABCA G1051A mutant genotype than those with heterozygote and wild genotypes.
Laparoscopic approach for human islet transplantation into a defined liver segment in type-1 diabetic patients. (2003)

Intra-portal islet transplantation is usually performed by cannulation of a mesenteric vein during laparotomy or through percutaneous trans-hepatic cannulation of a portal branch. In this study, we describe a new laparoscopic technique for intra-portal islet transplantation in a defined liver segment, as an alternative to the current procedures. Eighteen type-1 diabetic patients underwent laparoscopic re-permeabilisation of the umbilical vein, followed by catheterization of the left branch of the portal vein. The catheter was guided under fluoroscopic control into a chosen liver segment. It was then secured to the skin or connected to an implantable venous access device. Thereafter, the islet preparation was slowly injected. There was no rise in portal pressure. The median duration of the procedure was 85 min. The procedure was successful in 17 of 18 cases. There were no surgical complications. We conclude that this laparoscopic procedure is a feasible, convenient, and safe alternative method of islet transplantation. Moreover, it allows multiple deliveries of islets into the same liver segment.
Inhibition of Hepatitis C Virus Replication by GS-6620, a Potent <i>C</i> -Nucleoside Monophosphate Prodrug (2014)

As a class, nucleotide inhibitors (NIs) of the hepatitis C virus (HCV) nonstructural protein 5B (NS5B) RNA-dependent RNA polymerase offer advantages over other direct-acting antivirals, including properties, such as pangenotype activity, a high barrier to resistance, and reduced potential for drug-drug interactions. We studied the in vitro pharmacology of a novel C-nucleoside adenosine analog monophosphate prodrug, GS-6620. It was found to be a potent and selective HCV inhibitor against HCV replicons of genotypes 1 to 6 and against an infectious genotype 2a virus (50% effective concentration [EC50], 0.048 to 0.68 μM). GS-6620 showed limited activities against other viruses, maintaining only some of its activity against the closely related bovine viral diarrhea virus (EC50, 1.5 μM). The active 5'-triphosphate metabolite of GS-6620 is a chain terminator of viral RNA synthesis and a competitive inhibitor of NS5B-catalyzed ATP incorporation, with Ki/Km values of 0.23 and 0.18 for HCV NS5B genotypes 1b and 2a, respectively. With its unique dual substitutions of 1'-CN and 2'-C-Me on the ribose ring, the active triphosphate metabolite was found to have enhanced selectivity for the HCV NS5B polymerase over host RNA polymerases. GS-6620 demonstrated a high barrier to resistance in vitro. Prolonged passaging resulted in the selection of the S282T mutation in NS5B that was found to be resistant in both cellular and enzymatic assays (>30-fold). Consistent with its in vitro profile, GS-6620 exhibited the potential for potent anti-HCV activity in a proof-of-concept clinical trial, but its utility was limited by the requirement of high dose levels and pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic variability.
A Real-Time Error Resilient Video Streaming Scheme Exploiting the Late- and Early-Arrival Packets (2013)

For real-time video streaming systems, the video packets arriving after the display deadline of their frames are considered as late-arrival packets, and typically they are discarded. This will affect the current frame and the following ones due to error propagations. For this reason, in this paper, we propose an approach to exploit the late-arrival and out-of-order packets, which includes two mechanisms. The first mechanism will use these packets to update the reference frames to make them more consistent with the encoder side, and this will eventually reduce the error propagations. The second mechanism will use these packets to increase the chance of successfully decoding the Reed-Solomon (RS) code. In the proposed approach, a sub-GOP based systematic RS code is used and optimized to exploit these packets, where the size of each sub-GOP and the parity packet number for each sub-GOP are optimally tuned, taking into consideration the maximum end-to-end delay, the network conditions, and other system parameters, so as to make the best use of the late-arrival packets and to exploit the out-of-order packets. Finally, the experimental results show the advantage of the proposed approach over other approaches.
Characterization of ultra-shallow p/sup +/-n junction diodes fabricated by 500-eV boron-ion implantation (1991)

Ultrashallow gated diodes have been fabricated using 500-eV boron-ion implantation into both Ge-preamorphized and crystalline silicon substrates. Junction depths following rapid thermal annealing (RTA) for 10 s at either 950 degrees C or 1050 degrees C were determined to be 60 and 80 nm, respectively. These are reportedly the shallowest junctions formed via ion implantation. Consideration of several parameters, e.g. reduced B/sup +/ channeling, increased activation, and reduced junction leakage current, lead to the selection of 15 keV as the optimal Ge preamorphization energy. Transmission electron microscope results indicated that an 850 degrees C/10-s RTA was sufficient to remove the majority of bulk defects resulting from the Ge implant. Resulting reverse leakage currents were as low as 1 nA/cm/sup 2/ for the 60-nm junctions and diode ideality factors for crystalline and preamorphized substrates ranged from 1.02 to 1.12. Even at RTA temperatures as low as 850 degrees C, the leakage current was only 11 nA/cm/sup 2/. The final junction depths were found to be approximately the same for both preamorphized and nonpreamorphized samples after annealing at 950 degrees C and 1050 degrees C. However, the preamorphized sample exhibited significantly improved dopant activation.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Impurity‐Associated Colour Centres in Mg‐ and Ca‐Doped Al<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> Single Crystals (1981)

Abstract In Mg‐ and Ca‐doped α‐Al 2 O 3 crystals irradiated by X‐rays at 80 K new paramagnetic colour centres are observed having an absorption band at about 255 nm and an emission band at 310 nm. The hyperfine structure of the EPR spectrum indicates that the unpaired electron spin interacts mainly with two Al 27 nuclei. The optical and EPR spectra are consistent with the model of a centre involving one electron trapped at an anion vacancy adjoining the substitutional divalent ion (F Mg or F Ca ). The luminescence band at 290 nm observed in the TSL peak at 225 K is suggested to result from the recombination of the holes with the F Mg (F Ca ) centres.
Optical absorption cross sections of Si nanocrystals (2000)

Using the photoluminescence Auger saturation phenomenon, we deduce the values of the absorption cross section of silicon nanocrystals in a wide range of energies. The very large variation of their values versus energy of the absorbed light is attributed to the enhanced optical transition oscillator strength but reduced density of electronic states towards higher confinement energies. The overall spectral behavior of the absorption cross section reflects the indirect-gap nature of silicon nanocrystals.
The role of androgen in determining differentiation and regulation of androgen receptor expression in the human prostatic epithelium transient amplifying population (2007)

Abnormal differentiation in epithelial stem cells or their immediate proliferative progeny, the transiently amplifying population (TAP), may explain malignant pathogenesis in the human prostate. These models are of particular importance as differing sensitivities to androgen among epithelial cell subpopulations during differentiation are recognised and may account for progression to androgen independent prostate cancer. Androgens are crucial in driving terminal differentiation and their indirect effects via growth factors from adjacent androgen responsive stroma are becoming better characterised. However, direct effects of androgen on immature cells in the context of a prostate stem cell model have not been investigated in detail and are studied in this work. In alpha2beta1hi stem cell enriched basal cells, androgen analogue R1881 directly promoted differentiation by the induction of differentiation-specific markers CK18, androgen receptor (AR), PSA and PAP. Furthermore, treatment with androgen down-regulated alpha2beta1 integrin expression, which is implicated in the maintenance of the immature basal cell phenotype. The alpha2beta1hi cells were previously demonstrated to lack AR expression and the direct effects of androgen were confirmed by inhibition using the anti-androgen bicalutamide. AR protein expression in alpha2beta1hi cells became detectable when its degradation was repressed by the proteosomal inhibitor MG132. Stratifying the alpha2beta1hi cells into stem (CD133(+)) and transient amplifying population (TAP) (CD133(-)) subpopulations, AR mRNA expression was found to be restricted to the CD133(-) (TAP) cells. The presence of a functional AR in the TAP, an androgen independent subpopulation for survival, may have particular clinical significance in hormone resistant prostate cancer, where both the selection of immature cells and functioning AR regulated pathways are involved.
A Coalition Formation Game Approach for Personalized Federated Learning (2022)

Facing the challenge of statistical diversity in client local data distribution, personalized federated learning (PFL) has become a growing research hotspot. Although the state-of-the-art methods with model similarity-based pairwise collaboration have achieved promising performance, they neglect the fact that model aggregation is essentially a collaboration process within the coalition, where the complex multiwise influences take place among clients. In this paper, we first apply Shapley value (SV) from coalition game theory into the PFL scenario. To measure the multiwise collaboration among a group of clients on the personalized learning performance, SV takes their marginal contribution to the final result as a metric. We propose a novel personalized algorithm: pFedSV, which can 1. identify each client's optimal collaborator coalition and 2. perform personalized model aggregation based on SV. Extensive experiments on various datasets (MNIST, Fashion-MNIST, and CIFAR-10) are conducted with different Non-IID data settings (Pathological and Dirichlet). The results show that pFedSV can achieve superior personalized accuracy for each client, compared to the state-of-the-art benchmarks.
A Survey on Device Behavior Fingerprinting: Data Sources, Techniques, Application Scenarios, and Datasets (2021)

In the current network-based computing world, where the number of interconnected devices grows exponentially, their diversity, malfunctions, and cybersecurity threats are increasing at the same rate. To guarantee the correct functioning and performance of novel environments such as Smart Cities, Industry 4.0, or crowdsensing, it is crucial to identify the capabilities of their devices (e.g., sensors, actuators) and detect potential misbehavior that may arise due to cyberattacks, system faults, or misconfigurations. With this goal in mind, a promising research field emerged focusing on creating and managing fingerprints that model the behavior of both the device actions and its components. The article at hand studies the recent growth of the device behavior fingerprinting field in terms of application scenarios, behavioral sources, and processing and evaluation techniques. First, it performs a comprehensive review of the device types, behavioral data, and processing and evaluation techniques used by the most recent and representative research works dealing with two major scenarios: device identification and device misbehavior detection. After that, each work is deeply analyzed and compared, emphasizing its characteristics, advantages, and limitations. This article also provides researchers with a review of the most relevant characteristics of existing datasets as most of the novel processing techniques are based on Machine Learning and Deep Learning. Finally, it studies the evolution of these two scenarios in recent years, providing lessons learned, current trends, and future research challenges to guide new solutions in the area.
Uncertainty on Asynchronous Time Event Prediction (2019)

Asynchronous event sequences are the basis of many applications throughout different industries. In this work, we tackle the task of predicting the next event (given a history), and how this prediction changes with the passage of time. Since at some time points (e.g. predictions far into the future) we might not be able to predict anything with confidence, capturing uncertainty in the predictions is crucial. We present two new architectures, WGP-LN and FD-Dir, modelling the evolution of the distribution on the probability simplex with time-dependent logistic normal and Dirichlet distributions. In both cases, the combination of RNNs with either Gaussian process or function decomposition allows to express rich temporal evolution of the distribution parameters, and naturally captures uncertainty. Experiments on class prediction, time prediction and anomaly detection demonstrate the high performances of our models on various datasets compared to other approaches.
Histone Deacetylase Inhibitor Depsipeptide Represses Nicotinamide N-Methyltransferase and Hepatocyte Nuclear Factor-1 <i>β</i> Gene Expression in Human Papillary Thyroid Cancer Cells (2006)

Nicotinamide N-methyltransferase (NNMT) catalyzes N-methylation of nicotinamide and other structural analogues. NNMT gene expression is enhanced in many papillary thyroid cancer cells and activated by hepatocyte nuclear factor (HNF)-1beta. In this work, we studied the effects of depsipeptide, a histone deacetylase inhibitor, on NNMT gene expression in BHP 18-21 papillary thyroid cancer cells. Depsipeptide reduced NNMT mRNA level in a dose-dependent and time-dependent manner as determined by semiquantitative reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). In contrast, expression of the sodium iodide symporter (NIS), a gene with differentiated function, waas enhanced in the treated cells. NNMT protein level determined by Western blot analysis and NNMT catalytic activity was also reduced significantly in the depsipeptide-treated cells. To study the mechanism of NNMT gene repression by depsipeptide, effects of depsipeptide on NNMT promoter activity were determined by luciferase reporter gene assay. NNMT promoter activity was significantly reduced in the HNF-1beta-positive BHP 18-21 cells but not in the HNF-1beta-negative BHP 14-9 papillary cancer cells. A mutant reporter construct with mutations in a HNF-1 site in the NNMT basal promoter region did not respond to depsipeptide in both HNF-1beta protein levels, and abolished activity of DNA binding to the HNF-1 site in the NNMT promoter region. Protein synthesis inhibitor cycloheximide and proteasome inhibitor MG-132 enhanced HNF-1beta stability in the depsipeptide-treated cells. In summary, depsipeptide represses NNMT and HNF-1beta gene expression in some papillary thyroid cancer cells. the repression of NNMT by depsipeptide is at the transcription level through downregulation of transcription activator HNF-1beta.