gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Rapid analysis of <i>Jatropha curcas</i> gene functions by virus‐induced gene silencing (2009)

Jatropha curcas L. is a small, woody tree of the Euphorbiaceae family. This plant can grow on marginal land in the tropical and subtropical regions and produces seeds containing up to 30% oil. Several Asian countries have selected Jatropha for large scale planting as a biodiesel feedstock. Nevertheless, Jatropha also possesses several undesirable traits that may limit its wide adoption. An improved understanding of plant development and the regulation of fatty acid (FA) and triacylglyceride biosynthesis in Jatropha is particularly facilitative for the development of elite crops. Here, we show that a tobacco rattle virus (TRV) vector can trigger virus-induced gene silencing (VIGS) in Jatropha. Our optimized method produced robust and reliable gene silencing in plants agroinoculated with recombinant TRV harbouring Jatropha gene sequences. We used VIGS to investigate possible functions of 13 Jatropha genes of several functional categories, including FA biosynthesis, developmental regulation and toxin biosynthesis, etc. Based on the effects of VIGS on the FA composition of newly emerged leaves, we determined the function of several genes implicated in FA biosynthesis. Moreover, VIGS was able to discriminate independent functions of related gene family members. Our results show that VIGS can be used for high-throughput screening of Jatropha genes whose functions can be assayed in leaves.
Molecular detection of West Nile virus RNA (2003)

West Nile virus is a mosquito-borne flavivirus that is primarily maintained in nature in a mosquito-bird-mosquito transmission cycle. Mammals, including humans and horses, are incidentally infected through biting by mosquitoes infected with West Nile virus. Since 1994, West Nile virus outbreaks have occurred with a high incidence of severe disease in humans and horses. In the USA, West Nile virus was first detected in 1999 in New York City and has since spread to 39 states in humans. The virus has resulted in over 4161 known human cases and at least 277 human deaths. Surveillance techniques employing nucleic acid-based assays have played an essential role in monitoring the spread of West Nile virus and are displacing the former gold standard cell culture-based assays. In this article we review the current techniques for diagnosis of West Nile virus, focusing on RNA detection, and suggest a number of new directions for genetic diagnosis of West Nile virus.
A new lateral MOS-controlled thyristor (1990)

A lateral MOS-controlled thyristor (LMCT) structure that uses an MOS gate to turn it both on and off is presented. The device structure offers improved maximum turn-off current capability and forward voltage drop. The former is achieved by using a DMOS transistor and a parasitic vertical p-n-p transistor, while the latter is achieved by eliminating a parasitic lateral p-n-p transistor in the conventional structure. The device utilizes the resurf technique to achieve high area efficiency, breakdown voltage, and reliability. Devices that have more than 250-V forward blocking capability were fabricated in dielectrically isolated silicon tubs using the standard bipolar-CMOS-DMOS process.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
CDMA/TDD cellular systems for the 3rd generation mobile communication (2002)

We propose CDMA/TDD cellular systems utilizing a base-station-based diversity scheme. A significant reduction in the required Eb/No resulting from the use of a hybrid diversity scheme combining the effects of space diversity and path diversity is shown. Because TDD uses only one radio frequency band and transmission diversity at the base station can be employed, space diversity is unnecessary at the mobile station and thus the mobile station can be made smaller. CDMA/TDD systems can also realize effective transmission power control with only the use of open-loop control. A single antenna and no duplexer are advantageous in CDMA/TDD for terminal size and battery life. This system is especially effective in an environment such as microcellular systems or indoor office systems where the spreading bandwidth is narrower than the coherent bandwidth, and path diversity gain by itself is small.
On effectiveness of game theoretic modeling and analysis against cyber threats for avionic systems (2015)

Cyber-attack defense requires network security situation awareness through distributed collaborative monitoring, detection, and mitigation. An issue of developing and demonstrating innovative and effective situational awareness techniques for avionics has increased in importance in the last decade. In this paper, we first conducted a game theoretical based modeling and analysis to study the interaction between an adversary and a defender. We then introduced the implementation of game-theoretic analysis on an Avionics Sensor-based Defense System (ASDS), which consists of distributed passive and active network sensors. A trade-off between defense and attack strategy was studied via existing tools for game theory (Gambit). To further enhance the defense and mitigate attacks, we designed and implemented a multi-functional web display to integrate the game theocratic analysis. Our simulation validates that the game theoretical modeling and analysis can help the Avionics Sensor-based Defense System (ASDS) adapt detection and response strategies to efficiently and dynamically deal with various cyber threats.
Fatigue Analysis and Testing of Wind Turbine Blades (2013)

This thesis focuses on fatigue analysis and testing of large, multi MW wind turbine blades. The blades are one of the most expensive components of a wind turbine, and their mass has cost implications for the hub, nacelle, tower and foundations of the turbine so it is important that they are not unnecessarily strong. Fatigue is often an important design driver, but fatigue of composites is poorly understood and so large safety factors are often applied to the loads. This has implications for the weight of the blade. \nFull scale fatigue testing of blades is required by the design standards, and provides manufacturers with confidence that the blade will be able to survive its service life. This testing is usually performed by resonating the blade in the flapwise and edgewise directions separately, but in service these two loads occur at the same time. A fatigue testing method developed at Narec (the National Renewable Energy Centre) in the UK in which the flapwise and edgewise directions are excited simultaneously has been evaluated by comparing the Palmgren-Miner damage sum around the blade cross section after testing with the damage distribution caused by the service life.\nA method to obtain the resonant test configuration that will result in the optimum mode shapes for the flapwise and edgewise directions was then developed, and simulation software was designed to allow the blade test to be simulated so that realistic comparisons between the damage distributions after different test types could be obtained.\nDuring the course of this work the shortcomings with conventional fatigue analysis methods became apparent, and a novel method of fatigue analysis based on multi-continuum theory and the kinetic theory of fracture was developed. This method was benchmarked using physical test data from the OPTIDAT database and was applied to the analysis of a complete blade. A full scale fatigue test method based on this new analysis approach is also discussed.\n
Lethal Effect of Phenothiazine Neuroleptics on the Pathogenic Protozoan <i>Leishmania donovani</i> (1982)

Phenothiazine drugs, which are widely used for their antipsychotic, antianxiety, and antiemetic effects, have been found to have protozoacidal effects on the human pathogen Leishmania donovani. These compounds are lethal to both the extracellular stage of the organism, which is inoculated into humans by the sand fly, and the intracellular stage, which is found solely in human macrophages during established infection.
Change in Cerebrospinal Fluid Tau Microtubule Binding Region Detects Symptom Onset, Cognitive Decline, Tangles, and Atrophy in Dominantly Inherited Alzheimer's Disease (2023)

Changes in CSF soluble MTBR-tau species preceded the onset of dementia, tau tangle increase, and atrophy in DIAD. The ratio of 4R-specific MTBR-tau (border) to the NFT (core) MTBR-tau species corresponds to the pathology of NFTs in DIAD and change with disease progression. The dynamics between different MTBR-tau species in the CSF may serve as a marker of tau-related disease progression and target engagement of anti-tau therapeutics. ANN NEUROL 2023;93:1158-1172.
Design of a Real-Time Two-Dimensional Residual Stress Analyzer (1986)

Measurements of residual stress by X-ray diffraction are usually carried out with diffractometers or with one-dimensional position sensitive detectors. The stress is determined from the displacement of the peak that results from intersecting a diffraction cone at high angle with the line scanned by the detector. If a two-dimensional flat detector is used, the intersection of the diffraction cone with the detector plane is a ring, or section of a ring, which is also slightly displaced by the stress. The suggestion has been made use a two-dimensional detector to determine the surface state of stress.
Transmission and Colonization of <i>Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans</i> in Localized Juvenile Periodontitis Patients (1985)

Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans is a Gram-negative oral microorganism, which has been implicated in the etiology of localized juvenile periodontitis and in severe medical infections such as bacterial endocarditis. This study evaluated the ability of periodontal probes to transmit A actinomycetemcomitans from juvenile periodontitis lesions to healthy gingival sulci in the same patient. Localized juvenile periodontitis patients exhibiting first molar and incisor alveolar bone loss and with large numbers of A actinomycetemcomitans in deep periodontal pockets were included in this study. A periodontal probe was inserted into periodontal pockets of 6 mm or greater depth. The probe was then placed into a healthy gingival sulcus of 3 mm or less, in the same subject. Fifty-five transfers by probing were made and A actinomycetemcomitans in both the donor and recipient sites was assessed by a selective culture technique. The results indicate that periodontal probes can become contaminated with A actinomycetemcomitans from juvenile periodontitis lesions during routine dental examinations and can transfer this microorganism from infected to previously uninfected sites. However, A actinomycetemcomitans inoculated into the healthy gingival sulci did not permanently colonize these sites since the organisms were eliminated within 3 weeks.
Mechanics of Bistable Two-Shelled Composite Booms (2018)

The phenomenon of bistability in single-walled composite cylindrical shells or slit tubes has been extensively studied with detailed models that represent the mechanics of these structures as they undergo large deformations from the extended to the stored state and vice versa. This study focuses on the mechanics of bistable composite booms that are formed by coupling or bonding two thin shells. A two-parameter inextensional analytical model is used to describe the behavior of the various two-shelled structures and find laminates and shell geometries of interest that induce bistability. The natural coiled diameters of all boom types are predicted analytically and compared with preliminary experimental data. Using the derived model, parametric analysis is conducted to determine optimal boom geometries that maximize stiffnesses and meet system requirements while retaining bistability.
Silicon-on-insulator guided mode resonant grating for evanescent field molecular sensing (2009)

We present experimental and theoretical results of label-free molecular sensing using the transverse magnetic mode of a 0.22 mum thick silicon slab waveguide with a surface grating implemented in a guided mode resonance configuration. Due to the strong overlap of the evanescent field of the waveguide mode with a molecular layer attached to the surface, these sensors exhibit high sensitivity, while their fabrication and packaging requirements are modest. Experimentally, we demonstrate a resonance wavelength shift of approximately 1 nm when a monolayer of the protein streptavidin is attached to the surface, in good agreement with calculations based on rigorous coupled wave analysis. In our current optical setup this shift corresponds to an estimated limit of detection of 0.2% of a monolayer of streptavidin.
A prototype design tool for participants in graphical multiuser environments (1997)

Users of this software construction kit can design layouts for virtual spaces. The elements of the software kit are based on Kevin Lynch's elements of the city image: districts, paths, edges, nodes, and landmarks (Lynch, 1960; Banerjee & Southworth, 1990).
Development of Potent, Protease-Resistant Agonists of the Parathyroid Hormone Receptor with Broad β Residue Distribution (2017)

The parathyroid hormone receptor 1 (PTHR1) is a member of the B-family of GPCRs; these receptors are activated by long polypeptide hormones and constitute targets of drug development efforts. Parathyroid hormone (PTH, 84 residues) and PTH-related protein (PTHrP, 141 residues) are natural agonists of PTHR1, and an N-terminal fragment of PTH, PTH(1-34), is used clinically to treat osteoporosis. Conventional peptides in the 20-40-mer length range are rapidly degraded by proteases, which may limit their biomedical utility. We have used the PTHR1-ligand system to explore the impact of broadly distributed replacement of α-amino acid residues with β-amino acid residues on susceptibility to proteolysis and agonist activity. This effort led us to identify new PTHR1 agonists that contain α → β replacements throughout their sequences, manifest potent agonist activity in cellular assays, and display remarkable resistance to proteolysis, in cases remaining active after extended exposure to simulated gastric fluid. The strategy we have employed suggests a path toward identifying protease-resistant agonists of other B-family GPCRs.
Embedded-Ultrasonics Structural Radar for Nondestructive Evaluation of Thin-Wall Structures (2002)

Embedded-Ultrasonics Structural Radar (EUSR) is a new concept and methodology for in-situ nondestructive evaluation (NDE) of thin-wall structures. EUSR utilizes (a) a Piezo Wafer Active Sensors (PWAS) array embedded onto the structure; and (b) electronic modules for signal transmission/reception, processing, and interpretation. The EUSR methodology is developed as an extension of our previous work on the Lamb wave propagation NDE. Based on the study of the Lamb wave characteristic, the excitation signal is optimized to obtain good signal to noise ratio. Lamb wave speed-frequency curve is plotted to obtain the wave speed of the excitation signal. This wave speed is then used to map the EUSR data from time domain to distance domain, thus the locations of the reflectors can be visually displayed. The EUSR algorithm is adopted from the beamforming process currently used in phased-array radar applications. Each element in the PWAS array plays the role of both transmitter and receiver. A circuit is designed to change the role of the PWAS in a round robin fashion. The responses of the structure to all the excitation signals are collected. By applying the EUSR algorithm, an appropriate delay is applied to each signal in the data set to make them all focus on a direction denoted by angle φ. When this angle φ is changed from 0 to 180 degrees, a virtual scanning beam is formed and a large area of the structure can be interrogated. The EUSR algorithm is explained in this paper. Experimental results from a proof-of-concept EUSR system are also presented.
Position calibration of microphones and loudspeakers in distributed computing platforms (2004)

We present a novel algorithm to automatically determine the relative three-dimensional (3-D) positions of audio sensors and actuators in an ad-hoc distributed network of heterogeneous general purpose computing platforms such as laptops, PDAs, and tablets. A closed form approximate solution is derived, which is further refined by minimizing a nonlinear error function. Our formulation and solution accounts for the lack of temporal synchronization among different platforms. We compare two different estimators, one based on the time of flight and the other based on time difference of flight. We also derive an approximate expression for the mean and covariance of the implicitly defined estimator using the implicit function theorem and approximate Taylors' series expansion. The theoretical performance limits for estimating the sensor 3-D positions are derived via the Crame/spl acute/r-Rao bound (CRB) and analyzed, with respect to the number of sensors and actuators, as well as their geometry. We report extensive simulation results and discuss the practical details of implementing our algorithms in a real-life system.
Mediolateral stability index as a biomarker for Parkinson’s disease progression: A graph connectivity based approach (2019)

This paper presents a novel metric to serve as a bio-marker for understanding and detecting progression of Parkinson's disease (PD). Proposed metric, termed as `Mediolateral Stability (MLS) index' has been derived from processing insole gait data using graph connectivity analysis. The proposed metric focuses on variability of mediolateral pressure in foot during gait progression. Vertical Ground Reaction Force (VGRF) and stride time information derived from a wearable insole for PD subjects as well as healthy controls are processed to create a connectivity graph. The insole contains eight pressure sensitive sensors for each foot and these sensors serve as the nodes of the connectivity graph. The proposed MLS index shows significant difference (p <; 0.05) in between control and PD groups and also in between progressive stages of PD, such as mild and moderate PD groups with p <; 0.05. Proposed graph connectivity based feature can act as a bio marker to correctly classify PD, identify early onset of PD and trace changes due to disease progression and can also provide information about dynamic pressure distribution during gait.
Micromachined analytical devices: microchips for semen testing (1997)

Micromachined devices (microchips) have been designed and tested for a range of clinically important assays. In this study we compare sperm motility determined using disposable glass microchips and a conventional Makler chamber. The 17 x 14 mm glass microchips contained three etched test structures each comprising either duplicate or quadruplicate analytical microchannels. Semen samples with sperm counts ranging from 21 to 78 million sperm per ml and forward progression scores of from 1+ to 3+ were evaluated and swimming times ranging from 360 s (3.3+ progression) to 770 s (1+,2 forward progression) observed in the microchips. Motility determined by the time taken for sperm to swim to the end of a microchannel (100 microns wide x 40 microns deep x 10 mm long) in the microchip correlated with forward progression of the sperm determined by the conventional Makler chamber method. This study demonstrates the feasibility of microchips for sperm motility testing and suggests that this technique would be applicable to the study of other types of motile cells.
Identification of spore allergens from the indoor mould <i>Aspergillus versicolor</i> (2008)

The results indicate an important role of spore proteins from A. versicolor for sensitization against indoor moulds and identification of the major allergens might enable species-specific diagnosis of allergic reactions.
ChemInform Abstract: Catalytic Asymmetric Epoxidation of Enones Using La—BINOL—Triphenylarsine Oxide Complex: Structural Determination of the Asymmetric Catalyst. (2001)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Parallel compression with cooperative dictionary construction (2002)

It is often desirable to compress or decompress relatively small blocks of data at high bandwidth and low latency (for example, for data fetches across a high speed network). Sequential compression may not satisfy the speed requirement, while simply splitting the block into smaller subblocks for parallel compression yields poor compression performance due to small dictionary sizes. We consider an intermediate approach, where multiple compressors jointly construct a dictionary. The result is parallel speedup, with compression performance similar to the sequential case.
Production of Piglets after Cryopreservation of Embryos Using a Centrifugation-Based Method for Delipation Without Micromanipulation1 (2008)

It is still difficult to successfully cryopreserve in vitro-produced (IVP) swine embryos, as they are sensitive to chilling due to the abundance of intracellular lipids. Mechanical delipation through micromanipulation is successful, but this method increases the potential of pathogen transmission because of the damage inflicted upon the zona pellucida during micromanipulation, and it is labor intensive. Reported here is a method to remove the lipid of IVP porcine embryos, without significantly compromising the zona pellucida, by trypsin treating the embryos or exposing the embryo to a high-osmolality solution to enlarge the perivitelline space so that the lipid could be polarized and separated completely after subsequent centrifugation without micromanipulation. The procedures work both for nuclear transfer-derived embryos and in vitro-fertilized embryos. Both methods provide a high-throughput process that leaves the zona pellucida intact (or relatively intact for the trypsin treatment) to aid in preventing disease transmission. It is also demonstrated that this procedure results in viable piglets, a claim that could not be made in many previous reports. Although the efficiencies of cryopreservation have not been dramatically improved, these procedures allow a single person to process very large numbers of embryos without the necessity of manipulating each individual embryo on a micromanipulator. Such high-throughput processing overcomes the lack of high efficiency (i.e., the system can be overloaded with embryos for transfer to surrogates).
<i>In situ</i> observation of carbon-nanopillar tubulization process (2004)

We observed the tubulization process of amorphous carbon nanopillars using an in situ transmission electron microscopy. Amorphous carbon nanopillars were grown by electron-beam-induced chemical vapor deposition on an iron-doped carbon foundation. Amorphous carbon nanopillars were transformed into graphitic tubules by annealing at about 650°C in the presence of iron nanoparticles supplied from the iron-doped carbon foundation. A molten catalyst nanoparticle penetrated an amorphous carbon nanopillar, dissolving it and leaving a graphite track behind. This graphitic nanotube synthesis technique using nanofabrication promises to bring about a great advance in nanotube electronic devices.