gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Beyond the Debye length in high ionic strength solution: direct protein detection with field-effect transistors (FETs) in human serum (2017)

In this study, a new type of field-effect transistor (FET)-based biosensor is demonstrated to be able to overcome the problem of severe charge-screening effect caused by high ionic strength in solution and detect proteins in physiological environment. Antibody or aptamer-immobilized AlGaN/GaN high electron mobility transistors (HEMTs) are used to directly detect proteins, including HIV-1 RT, CEA, NT-proBNP and CRP, in 1X PBS (with 1%BSA) or human sera. The samples do not need any dilution or washing process to reduce the ionic strength. The sensor shows high sensitivity and the detection takes only 5 minutes. The designs of the sensor, the methodology of the measurement, and the working mechanism of the sensor are discussed and investigated. A theoretical model is proposed based on the finding of the experiments. This sensor is promising for point-of-care, home healthcare, and mobile diagnostic device.
Après le Covid-19 : « réinventer » l’aménagement du territoire (2020)

Une carte et deux figures illustrent cet article.
A Novel Octupolar Metal−Organic NLO Material Based on a Chiral 2D Coordination Network (1999)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVCommunicationNEXTA Novel Octupolar Metal−Organic NLO Material Based on a Chiral 2D Coordination NetworkWenbin Lin, Zhiyong Wang, and Ling MaView Author Information Department of Chemistry, Brandeis University Waltham, Massachusetts 02454 Cite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1999, 121, 48, 11249–11250Publication Date (Web):November 17, 1999Publication History Received9 August 1999Published online17 November 1999Published inissue 1 December 1999https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja9928327https://doi.org/10.1021/ja9928327rapid-communicationACS PublicationsCopyright © 1999 American Chemical SocietyRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views2142Altmetric-Citations414LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (2)»Supporting Information Supporting Information SUBJECTS:Group theory,Ligands,Mathematical methods,Nonlinear optics,Pyridines Get e-Alerts
Synergistic Effects of Concurrent Blockade of PI3K and MEK Pathways in Pancreatic Cancer Preclinical Models (2013)

Patients with pancreatic cancer have dismal prognoses, and novel therapies are urgently needed. Mutations of the KRAS oncogene occur frequently in pancreatic cancer and represent an attractive target. Direct targeting of the predominant KRAS pathways have been challenging and research into therapeutic strategies have been now refocused on pathways downstream of KRAS, phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K) and mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK [MEK]). We hypothesized that concurrent inhibition of the PI3K and MEK pathways would result in synergistic antitumor activity, as it would circumvent the compensatory feedback loop between the two pathways. We investigated the combined effect of the PI3K inhibitor, GDC0941, and the MEK inhibitor, AZD6244, on cell viability, apoptosis and cell signaling in a panel of pancreatic cancer cell lines. An in vivo analysis was conducted on pancreatic cancer xenografts. While BxPC-3 (KRAS wild type) and MIA PaCa-2 (KRAS mutated) cell lines were sensitive to GDC0941 and AZD6244 as single agents, synergistic inhibition of tumor cell growth and induction of apoptosis were observed in both cell lines when the two drugs were combined. Interestingly, phosphorylation of the cap-dependent translational components, 4E-binding protein (p-4E-BP1) and S6 was found to be closely associated with sensitivity to GDC0941 and AZD6244. In BxPC-3 cell xenografts, survival differences were observed between the control and the AZD6244, GDC0941, and combination groups. Our study provides the rationale for concurrent targeting of the PI3K and MEK pathways, regardless of KRAS status, and suggests that phosphorylation of 4E-BP1and S6 can serve as a predictive biomarker for response to treatment.
Ligand‐Targeted Delivery of Small Interfering RNAs to Malignant Cells and Tissues (2009)

Potential clinical applications of small interfering RNA (siRNA) are hampered primarily by delivery issues. We have successfully addressed the delivery problems associated with off-site targeting of highly toxic chemotherapeutic agents by attaching the drugs to tumor-specific ligands that will carry the attached cargo into the desired cancer cell. Indeed, several such tumor-targeted drugs are currently undergoing human clinical trials. We now show that efficient targeting of siRNA to malignant cells and tissues can be achieved by covalent conjugation of small-molecular-weight, high-affinity ligands, such as folic acid and DUPA (2-[3-(1, 3-dicarboxy propyl)-ureido] pentanedioic acid), to siRNA. The former ligand binds a folate receptor that is overexpressed on a variety of cancers, whereas the latter ligand binds to prostate-specific membrane antigen that is overexpressed specifically on prostate cancers and the neovasculature of all solid tumors. Using these ligands, we show remarkable receptor-mediated targeting of siRNA to cancer tissues in vitro and in vivo.
Preparation of trimethyl‐2‐hydroxyethylarsonium (arsenocholine) compounds (1987)

Abstract Trimethyl‐2‐X‐ethylarsonium salts (X=OH, Cl, Br, CH 3 COO; anion=Br) and trimethyl‐2‐diethoxyethylarsonium bromide were prepared from trimethylarsine and the appropriate organic bromides in sealed tubes at elevated temperatures or by refluxing the neat reagents. The yields ranged from 33 to 85%. Anion exchange reactions produced the arsonium iodides, nitrates, acetates, tosylates, tetraphenylborates, picrates, hydroxides, and carbonates. Arsenocholine bromide (X=OH) was phosphorylated with concentrated phosphoric acid. The product was isolated as the barium salt. Treatment of the barium salt with sulfuric acid yielded trimethyl‐2‐(dihydrogen phosphato)ethylarsonium bromide. These substances were synthesized to serve as precursors for arsenic‐ containing phospholipids and as standards for the chromatographic identification of arsenocholines. The synthesized compounds were characterized by elemental analyses and 1 H and 13 C NMR spectroscopy. The shifts of the arsenic compounds were compared with those of the corresponding nitrogen compounds and found to be sufficiently different to be used for the identification of these compounds in their mixtures.
Comorbid alcoholism and depression: treatment issues. (2001)

Unless there is decisive professional intervention, people who suffer from both a depressive disorder and alcoholism are at great risk of chronic impairment, both at home and in the workplace; persistent symptomatic misery; and premature death. Untreated alcoholism intensifies depressive states, decreases responsiveness to conventional therapeutics, and increases the likelihood of suicide, suicide attempts, and other self-destructive behavior. During the past decade, evidence has emerged from placebo-controlled studies supporting the utility of tricyclic antidepressants and selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) for treatment of depressed alcoholics. The superior safety and tolerability of SSRIs provide strong justification for their first-line use despite higher drug acquisition costs. Evidence has similarly emerged concerning the use of several novel pharmacotherapies and focused psychotherapies for people with alcoholism. These newer therapeutic options complement more traditional intervention such as chemical dependence counseling, disulfiram, and Alcoholics Anonymous so that it is now possible for a majority of depressed alcoholics to be treated effectively. The availability of effective treatments provides further impetus for health care professionals to improve recognition of comorbid alcoholism and depressive disorders. Improved recognition and treatment will save lives, and the benefits are likely to extend across generations.
10.1: <i>Invited Paper</i> : Flexible OLED using Plastic Barrier Film and its Roll‐to‐Roll Manufacturing (2014)

Abstract For the expansion of OLED lighting business, it is very important for OLED to differentiate itself from conventional lighting source. One of the merits of OLED device is the capability to be formed on flexible substrates, such as plastic, metal foil and thin glass. Especially, plastic barrier film can bring high level of flexibility, which could not be achieved by any conventional lighting method. In this paper, barrier film with various WVTR value, including 10 −6 ‐order, was applied and the conditions to have very little or almost no dark spot growth under 85°C85% high temperature / humidity test are shown. Flexible OLED panels are manufactured with world's first roll‐to‐roll equipment using plastic barrier film.
ROS as signalling molecules in T cells – evidence for abnormal redox signalling in the autoimmune disease, rheumatoid arthritis (2005)

Reactive oxygen species are recognised as important signalling molecules within cells of the immune system. This is, at least in part, due to the reversible activation of kinases, phosphatases and transcription factors by modification of critical thiol residues. However, in the chronic inflammatory disease rheumatoid arthritis, cells of the immune system are exposed to increased levels of oxidative stress and the T cell becomes refractory to growth and death stimuli. This contributes to the perpetuation of the immune response. As many of the effective therapies used in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis modulate intracellular redox state, this raises the question of whether increased oxidative stress is causative of T-cell hyporesponsiveness. To address this hypothesis, this review considers the putative sources of ROS involved in normal intracellular signalling in T cells and the evidence in support of abnormal ROS fluxes contributing to T-cell hyporesponsiveness.
Transverse piezoelectric field-effect transistor based on single ZnO nanobelts (2010)

A transverse piezoelectric field-effect transistor (TP-FET) based on single ZnO nanobelts has been fabricated on a metallic graphite substrate in an atomic force microscope (AFM). The source-to-drain current of the TP-FET was found to decrease with increasing loading force under a positive bias due to the carrier-trapping effect and the creation of a charge-depletion zone. This TP-FET can be applied as a force/pressure sensor for measuring nanoNewton forces ranged from 0 to 700 nN.
Dissolution enhancement of poorly water-soluble APIs processed by hot-melt extrusion using hydrophilic polymers (2012)

The aim of this study was to investigate the efficiency of hydrophilic polymers to enhance the dissolution rate of poorly water-soluble active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs) processed by hot-melt extrusion (HME). Indomethacin (INM) and famotidine (FMT) were selected as model active substances while polyvinyl caprolactam graft copolymer, soluplus (SOL) and vinylpyrrolidone-vinyl acetate copolymer grades, Kollidon VA64 (VA64) and Plasdone S630 (S630) were used as hydrophilic polymeric carriers. For the purpose of the study, drug-polymer binary blends at various ratios were processed by a Randcastle single screw extruder. The physicochemical properties and the morphology of the extrudates were evaluated through X-ray diffraction (XRD), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Increased drug loadings of up to 40% were achieved in the extruded formulations for both drugs. INM and FMT exhibited strong plasticization effects with increasing concentrations and were found to be molecularly dispersed within the polymer blends. The in vitro dissolution studies showed increased INM/FMT release rates for all formulations compared to that of pure APIs alone.
Reactive Intermediates in Oxygenation Reactions with Mononuclear Nonheme Iron Catalysts (2009)

An advanced intermediate: A nonheme iron(IV) oxo complex [Fe(IV)(O)(bqen)(L)](n+) (bqen = N,N'-dimethyl-N,N'-bis(8-quinolyl)ethane-1,2-diamine, L = CH(3)CN or CF(3)SO(3)(-)) activates the C-H bonds of alkanes and alcohols by a hydrogen-atom abstraction mechanism. The catalytic oxidation of these species is proposed to occur through a nonheme iron(V) oxo species, with a high reactivity in oxidation reactions (see picture).
Deep Learning for Magnetic Resonance Fingerprinting: A New Approach for Predicting Quantitative Parameter Values from Time Series (2017)

The purpose of this work is to evaluate methods from deep learning for application to Magnetic Resonance Fingerprinting (MRF). MRF is a recently proposed measurement technique for generating quantitative parameter maps. In MRF a non-steady state signal is generated by a pseudo-random excitation pattern. A comparison of the measured signal in each voxel with the physical model yields quantitative parameter maps. Currently, the comparison is done by matching a dictionary of simulated signals to the acquired signals. To accelerate the computation of quantitative maps we train a Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) on simulated dictionary data. As a proof of principle we show that the neural network implicitly encodes the dictionary and can replace the matching process.
Recency and suffix effects in serial recall of musical stimuli. (1986)

Auditory presentation of verbal items leads to larger recency effects in recall than visual presentation. This enhanced recency can be eliminated if a stimulus suffix (an irrelevant sound) follows the last item. Four experiments tested the hypothesis that recency and suffix effects in serial recall result from a speech-specific process. It was demonstrated that serial recall of musical notes played on a piano exhibited substantial recency effects. These recency effects were reduced when the list items were followed by either a piano chord or the word start. However, a white-noise suffix had no effect on recency. This pattern of data is consistent with current work on auditory perception and places constraints on theories of recency and suffix effects.
Bridging the skull: electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) and repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) in psychiatry. (1997)

A brief account of repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) with reference to electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) is given, identifying similarities and dissimilarities, and discussing their potential therapeutic roles. The insulating properties of the skull prevent specific, noninvasive stimulation of particular brain regions by direct electrical means. ECT allows electrical stimulation of the cortex, but its concomitant seizures and distributed electrical currents can have adverse effects on patients. By contrast, magnetic fields pass almost without attenuation through the skull, and can induce secondary electrical currents in localized areas of the brain. Subconvulsive rTMS does not require seizure or general anesthetic, and does not affect memory. Recent studies suggest that rTMS has therapeutic potential for mood disorders, for which ECT is well established. rTMS is a new technology with the potential to treat some mental disorders currently treated with ECT, with fewer side effects. ECT will almost certainly remain the treatment of choice in some situations, but ECT and rTMS may be alternatives for other patients. It is possible that rTMS will become established in some areas where ECT is not used. Further research will define these roles and evaluate the utility of rTMS.
A phonon transistor in an electromechanical resonator array (2013)

An electromechanical resonator array is developed that consists of 5 mechanically coupled membranes. Mechanical excitation of the array results in 2 types of oscillations, an extended mechanical oscillation that propagates through all 5 membranes and a localized mechanical oscillation that is confined to just some of the membranes. The dynamic interaction of these 2 types of oscillations is used to implement a transistor in this phononic system.
A survey of problems and approaches in wireless-based indoor positioning (2016)

Indoor positioning is a key technology that enables the development of various smart and autonomous indoor applications. In recent years, wireless device is considered a promising technology enabler for indoor positioning despite facing various problems in the form of spatial, temporal, and device variation. Here we present a survey of problems in wireless-based indoor positioning and the state-of-the-art approaches aimed to solving those problems. This survey paper discusses various positioning metrics, parametric and non-parametric models to deal with spatial and temporal variation, as well as various methods that address device heterogeneity. In addition, some interesting fusion approaches are discussed. This paper aims to help researchers understand the current state of progress in wireless-based indoor positioning and identify areas that still need more research and improvement.
Hypoglycemm Increases the Gastric Emptying Rate in Healthy Subjects (1995)

Insulin-induced hypoglycemia increases the gastric emptying rate in healthy subjects.
Three-dimensional seismic data regularization (2000)

This dissertation addresses the problem of interpolating irregularly spaced seismic exploration data to regular spatial locations. This problem arises in practice in three-dimensional seismic exploration in such applications as Kirchhoff prestack migration, multiple elimination, waveequation migration, and 4-D seismic monitoring.
CRAMm -- Memories for Robots Performing Everyday Manipulation Activities (2014)

Agents that learn from experience can profit immensely from memorizing what they have done, why, how, and what happened. For autonomous robots performing complex manipulation tasks, these memories include low level data, such as perceptual snapshots of relevant scenes that influenced decision making, detailed complex motions the robot performed, and effects of these motions. They also include high level representations of the intended actions and the belief-dependent descisions that led to the chosen course of action. In this paper, we propose CRAMm, a memory management system that can record very comprehensive and informative memories without slowing down the operation of the robot. CRAMm offers a query interface that allows the robot to retrieve the kinds of information stated above. This is done using a first-order logical language that provides predicates concerning the beliefs and intentions of the robot, its physical state, perceptual information, and action effects and their relations at various different levels of abstraction.
Synthesizing barrier certificates using neural networks (2020)

This paper presents an approach of safety verification based on neural networks for continuous dynamical systems which are modeled as a system of ordinary differential equations. We adopt the deductive verification methods based on barrier certificates. These are functions over the states of the dynamical system with certain constraints the existence of which entails the safety of the system under consideration. We propose to represent the barrier function by neural networks and provide a comprehensive synthesis framework. In particular, we devise a new type of activation functions, i.e., Bent-ReLU, for the neural networks; we provide sampling based approaches to generate training sets and formulate the loss functions for neural network training which can capture the essence of barrier certificate; we also present practical methods to check a learnt candidate barrier certificate against the criteria of barrier certificates as a formal guarantee. We implement our approaches via proof-of-concept experiments with encouraging results.
Laser-Induced Graphene Electrochemical Immunosensors for Rapid and Label-Free Monitoring of <i>Salmonella enterica</i> in Chicken Broth (2020)

Food-borne illnesses are a growing concern for the food industry and consumers, with millions of cases reported every year. Consequently, there is a critical need to develop rapid, sensitive, and inexpensive techniques for pathogen detection in order to mitigate this problem. However, current pathogen detection strategies mainly include time-consuming laboratory methods and highly trained personnel. Electrochemical in-field biosensors offer a rapid, low-cost alternative to laboratory techniques, but the electrodes used in these biosensors require expensive nanomaterials to increase their sensitivity, such as noble metals (e.g., platinum, gold) or carbon nanomaterials (e.g., carbon nanotubes, or graphene). Herein, we report the fabrication of a highly sensitive and label-free laser-induced graphene (LIG) electrode that is subsequently functionalized with antibodies to electrochemically quantify the food-borne pathogen <i>Salmonella enterica</i> serovar Typhimurium. The LIG electrodes were produced by laser induction on the polyimide film in ambient conditions and, hence, circumvent the need for high-temperature, vacuum environment, and metal seed catalysts commonly associated with graphene-based electrodes fabricated via chemical vapor deposition processes. After functionalization with <i>Salmonella</i> antibodies, the LIG biosensors were able to detect live <i>Salmonella</i> in chicken broth across a wide linear range (25 to 10<sup>5</sup> CFU mL<sup>-1</sup>) and with a low detection limit (13 ± 7 CFU mL<sup>-1</sup>; <i>n</i> = 3, mean ± standard deviation). These results were acquired with an average response time of 22 min without the need for sample preconcentration or redox labeling techniques. Moreover, these LIG immunosensors displayed high selectivity as demonstrated by nonsignificant response to other bacteria strains. These results demonstrate how LIG-based electrodes can be used for electrochemical immunosensing in general and, more specifically, could be used as a viable option for rapid and low-cost pathogen detection in food processing facilities before contaminated foods reach the consumer.
Statistical elements of predicting the impact of a variety of odour sources (2001)

Two key elements in predicting odour response are the estimation of peak (few seconds) ground-level concentrations and the evaluation of the likelihood of a consequent adverse response. Peak rather than ensemble-average concentrations are not easily predicted by current dispersion models. The required peak-to-mean ratios depend on source characteristics, downwind distance and atmospheric stability. Using recent wind-tunnel simulations for four types of sources and two atmospheric stabilities and various measures of intermittency and non-stationarity, different regimes of behaviour are resolvable. A set of peak-to-mean ratios for a specified probability of exceedance is recommended and their practicality discussed.