gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
An update on vulvar intraepithelial neoplasia: terminology and a practical approach to diagnosis (2014)

There are two distinct types of vulvar intraepithelial neoplasia (VIN), which differ in their clinical presentation, aetiology, pathogenesis and histological/immunophenotypical features. One form driven by high-risk human papilloma virus infection usually occurs in young women and has been termed classic or usual VIN (uVIN). The other, not related to viral infection, occurs in postmenopausal women with chronic skin conditions such as lichen sclerosus and lichen simplex chronicus and is termed differentiated or simplex-type VIN. The latter is the precursor lesion of the most common type of squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) in the vulva, namely keratinizing SCC (representing 60% of cases). In contrast, uVIN usually gives rise to basaloid or warty SCC (40% of cases). The histological features of uVIN are similar to those of high grade lesions encountered in other lower anogenital tract sites (hyperchomatic nuclei with high nuclear to cytoplasmic ratios and increased mitotic activity). However, differentiated VIN has very subtle histopathological changes and often escapes diagnosis. Since uVIN is driven by high-risk human papilloma virus infections, p16 immunohistochemistry is diffusely positive in these lesions and is characterized with a high Ki-67 proliferation index. In contrast, differentiated or simplex-type VIN is consistently negative for p16 and the majority of the cases harbour TP53 mutations, correlating with p53 positivity by immunohistochemistry.
Multilayer optics for hard x-ray astronomy (2000)

We are engaged in a program to develop focusing hard X-ray optics for future X-ray astronomy missions (such as the Hard X-ray Telescope of Constellation-X) and have built a DC magnetron sputtering system to deposit multilayers on candidate substrates for future telescopes. Although our emphasis is on the multilayer coating of integral cylindrical optics which will provide the highest spatial resolution, other types of substrates can easily be coated in this system. We present specular reflectivity data (using C<i>u</i>K<SUB>α</SUB> X- rays) of W/Si constant d and depth graded-d multilayer depositions on substrates such as thermally formed DESAG glass and Duran glass cylinders. We will present data to show both azimuthal and linear uniformity of these coatings.
Abstract 1845: <i>TP53</i> status determines the fate of cancer cells exposed to ionizing radiation and DNA-PK inhibitor, M3814 (2018)

Abstract Inhibition of DNA double strand break repair in cancer cells has been proposed as a new therapeutic approach for potentiation of radiotherapy. M3814 is a potent and selective inhibitor of DNA-PK, a key component of non-homologous end joining repair pathway and is currently under clinical investigation in radiation combination trials. We studied the mechanism of cancer cell response to combined treatment with ionizing radiation and M3814 using cancer cell lines with different p53 status. M3814 blocked the repair of radiation-induced DSBs and suppressed a negative regulatory loop between DNA-PK and ATM causing enhanced phosphorylation and activation of ATM. In the p53 wild-type cells, ATM and its targets, CHK2 and p53, were activated more strongly by the combination treatment than by radiation alone, leading to a complete p53/CHK2-dependent cell cycle block and premature cell senescence. The p53-null or mutant cancer cells were unable to fully arrest the cell cycle and a substantial fraction entered S phase with unrepaired DNA, leading to mutations, chromosomal aberrations, aneuploidy, micronucleation and ultimately cell death, primarily due to mitotic catastrophe. Two isogenic pairs of p53 null/wt cells (A549 and HT-1080) were generated and used to demonstrate the critical role of p53 in the choice of M3814-modified radiation response. Time-lapse imaging of cell death kinetics using a small panel of p53 wild-type and p53 null/mutant cancer lines revealed clear differences in outcome dependent on p53 status. However, standard growth/viability assays failed to show a role of p53 in the response type, due to inability to discriminate between cell cycle arrest and cell killing. Similarly, screening results obtained from large cancer cell panels (&gt;100 lines) did not identify p53 as a marker of response. Our data revealed an important role of p53 in determining the mode of cancer cells' response to radiation in the presence of M3814 and suggest that p53 mutation status should be considered in the design of clinical trials. The failure of standard growth/viability screens with large cancer cell line panels to identify p53 status as a response indicator raises an alert for the utility of these screening platforms currently widely used in cancer drug discovery and development. Citation Format: Qing Sun, Yige Guo, Xiaohong Liu, Frank Czauderna, Frank Zenke, Andree Blaukat, Lyubomir T. Vassilev. TP53 status determines the fate of cancer cells exposed to ionizing radiation and DNA-PK inhibitor, M3814 [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2018; 2018 Apr 14-18; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2018;78(13 Suppl):Abstract nr 1845.
Mechanisms of transcriptional regulation by p53 (2017)

p53 is a transcription factor that suppresses tumor growth through regulation of dozens of target genes with diverse biological functions. The activity of this master transcription factor is inactivated in nearly all tumors, either by mutations in the TP53 locus or by oncogenic events that decrease the activity of the wild-type protein, such as overexpression of the p53 repressor MDM2. However, despite decades of intensive research, our collective understanding of the p53 signaling cascade remains incomplete. In this review, we focus on recent advances in our understanding of mechanisms of p53-dependent transcriptional control as they relate to five key areas: (1) the functionally distinct N-terminal transactivation domains, (2) the diverse regulatory roles of its C-terminal domain, (3) evidence that p53 is solely a direct transcriptional activator, not a direct repressor, (4) the ability of p53 to recognize many of its enhancers across diverse chromatin environments, and (5) mechanisms that modify the p53-dependent transcriptional program in a context-dependent manner.
Bio-Applications of Multifunctional Melanin Nanoparticles: From Nanomedicine to Nanocosmetics (2020)

Bioinspired nanomaterials are ideal components for nanomedicine, by virtue of their expected biocompatibility or even complete lack of toxicity. Natural and artificial melanin-based nanoparticles (MNP), including polydopamine nanoparticles (PDA NP), excel for their extraordinary combination of additional optical, electronic, chemical, photophysical, and photochemical properties. Thanks to these features, melanin plays an important multifunctional role in the design of new platforms for nanomedicine where this material works not only as a mechanical support or scaffold, but as an active component for imaging, even multimodal, and simple or synergistic therapy. The number of examples of bio-applications of MNP increased dramatically in the last decade. Here, we review the most recent ones, focusing on the multiplicity of functions that melanin performs in theranostics platforms with increasing complexity. For the sake of clarity, we start analyzing briefly the main properties of melanin and its derivative as well as main natural sources and synthetic methods, moving to imaging application from mono-modal (fluorescence, photoacoustic, and magnetic resonance) to multi-modal, and then to mono-therapy (drug delivery, anti-oxidant, photothermal, and photodynamic), and finally to theranostics and synergistic therapies, including gene- and immuno- in combination to photothermal and photodynamic. Nanomedicine aims not only at the treatment of diseases, but also to their prevention, and melanin in nature performs a protective action, in the form of nanopigment, against UV-Vis radiations and oxidants. With these functions being at the border between nanomedicine and cosmetics nanotechnology, recently examples of applications of artificial MNP in cosmetics are increasing, paving the road to the birth of the new science of nanocosmetics. In the last part of this review, we summarize and discuss these important recent results that establish evidence of the interconnection between nanomedicine and cosmetics nanotechnology.
Ultra Low Profile Silicon Capacitors (down to 80 µm) applied to Decoupling Applications. Results on ESR/ESL. (2013)

This paper covers technological advances on ultra low profile silicon capacitors for embedded applications and System in Package modules. It also presents a novel approach to design high density PICS
Stromal fibroblasts from the interface zone of human breast carcinomas induce an epithelial–mesenchymal transition-like state in breast cancer cells in vitro (2010)

Fibroblasts were extracted from tissue in tumor burden zones, distal normal zones and interface zones between tumor and normal tissue of human breast carcinomas, and the corresponding fibroblasts were designated as cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs), normal zone fibroblasts (NFs) and interface zone fibroblasts (INFs). The crosstalk between three types of fibroblasts and breast cancer cells was evaluated using an in vitro direct co-culture model. We found that INFs grew faster and expressed higher levels of fibroblast activation protein than did NFs and CAFs. Compared with CAFs and NFs, INFs grown with breast cancer cells were significantly more effective in inducing an epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) in cancer cells, as indicated by induction of vimentin and N-cadherin and downregulation of E-cadherin. This EMT process was also accompanied by activation of extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) and modulation of membrane-type 1 matrix metalloproteinase (MT1-MMP) expression. Additionally, INFs promoted breast cell migration to a larger extent compared with NFs and CAFs. Taken together, these findings indicate that INFs isolated from the tumor interface zone exhibited more robust biological modulatory activity than did NFs and CAFs isolated from normal and tumor zones of the same tumor tissue, suggesting that the interface zone of the tumor represents a dynamic region vital to tumor progression.
FPGA implementation of PSK modems using partial re-configuration for SDR and CR applications (2012)

The role of FPGAs in software defined Radios (SDR) and Cognitive radios (CR) are very significant. These radios have to load different waveform depending on their requirements which may use different source coding, channel coding and modulation schemes. The user has to load large bit files even for small changes in the waveforms. In SDRs and CRs the configuration time and current consumption plays significant role: for example, a virtex-7 FPGA takes 500ms to complete configuration. If the waveforms design is made Partially Reconfigurable then the configuration time and the Hardware usage can be saved. The Objective of this work is to make the Modulation and demodulation (PSK) Schemes partially reconfigurable. The paper describes the Design and Implementation of Phase Shift keying (PSK) Modulation and demodulation in FPGA using Partial Re-configuration (PR). This work involves the Design and implementation of BPSK, QPSK, 8-PSK and 16-PSK modulation and demodulation schemes in FPGA. The user can swap between different modulation and demodulation schemes during runtime by configuring a control register in FPGA. The Implementation of these PSKs shares a common hardware, which is the Static Part and there is a Dynamic part too. In the PR, the user has to load the bit stream for the Dynamic part only, and not the entire bit stream. This will be smaller in size compared to the large bit file. The modulator design consists of two DDS modules and the demodulator part consists of a four DDS modules, which forms the static part of the design. By designing the entire waveform using partial Reconfiguration, the waveform can be made as part of the Platform realized and the configuration time and power consumption can be very much reduced.
Convex Model-Based Synthetic Aperture Radar Processing (2021)

The use of radar often conjures up images of small blobs on a screen. But current synthetic aperture radar (SAR) systems are able to generate near-optical quality images with amazing benefits compared to optical sensors. These SAR sensors work in all weather conditions, day or night, and provide many advanced capabilities to detect and identify targets of interest. These amazing abilities have made SAR sensors a work-horse in remote sensing, and military applications. SAR sensors are ranging instruments that operate in a 3D environment, but unfortunately the results and interpretation of SAR images have traditionally been done in 2D. Three-dimensional SAR images could provide improved target detection and identification along with improved scene interpretability. As technology has increased, particularly regarding our ability to solve difficult optimization problems, the 3D SAR reconstruction problem has gathered more interest. This dissertation provides the SAR and mathematical background required to pose a SAR 3D reconstruction problem. The problem is posed in a way that allows prior knowledge about the target of interest to be integrated into the optimization problem when known. The developed model is demonstrated on simulated data initially in order to illustrate critical concepts in the development. Then once comprehension is achieved the processing is applied to actual SAR data. The 3D results are contrasted against the current gold- standard. The results are shown as 3D images demonstrating the improvement regarding scene interpretability that this approach provides.
Amphiphilic Sun-Shaped Polymers by Grafting Macrocyclic Copolyesters with PEO (2008)

An amphiphilic sun-shaped copolymer was successfully prepared by esterification of carboxylic acid terminated PEO with the pendent hydroxyl groups of high molecular weight (Mn = 28 000) cyclic PCL. The cyclic structure of the copolyester originally resulted from the polymerization initiation by a cyclic tin dialkoxide and was ultimately stabilized by the intramolecular cross-linking of a few unsaturated groups.
Wavelength-multiplexed submicron holograms for disk-compatible data storage (2007)

By using a hybrid diffractive and refractive achromat with extended depth of focus, we have successfully recorded a micro-hologram array with diffraction-limited individual spot size maintained throughout the thickness of recording medium. An electrically programmable wavelength combiner was constructed in which a white light source was adopted. By modifying on a commercial CD readout head, we configured a compact micro-hologram recording/readout system that is compatible to existing disk storage technology. Base on the wavelength combiner and recording/readout system, wavelength-multiplexed micro-holograms were recorded and recovered. The presented results demonstrate the practicality of our novel storage architecture.
Image correspondence based on region hierarchy (2002)

Finding correspondences of pictorial features is a basic problem in many areas, like map matching, looking up image data, or stereo vision. Region-based correspondence techniques seem to be effective for identifying the corresponding features, as regions are usually fewer than other image features and provide additional information such as color, area, and adjacency. This paper proposes to give each region a classified table of its surrounding regions, where all the regions are sorted in terms of their distances. Similarity between regions is computed by taking account of similarity of the corresponding classified tables. Then, one can determine correspondences of regions that provide the best resemblance between their classified tables.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
The Growth of Human Dermal Papilla Cells and Dermal Sheath Cells in Vitro (2001)

Objective 
To observe the growth kinetics of dermal papilla cells and dermal sheath cells from human hair follicles in vitro and the effect of epidermal growth factor (EGF)on them.


Methods 
Dermal papillae which were isolated from human hair follicles by collagenase D and dermal sheath cells were cultured in vitro. Dermal papilla cells and dermal sheath cells were stimulated by epidermal growth factor,hydrocortisone and insulin,or granulocyte-macrophage colony stimulating factor and counted in different time. The 3H-TdR incorporation of these cells was determined in basal medium and routine medium+ EGF.


Results 
The growth of dermal papilla cells,dermal sheath cells and fibroblasts all showed three phases: stagnant phase in first four days,log growth phase in 5th to 11th day and slow growth phase. The growth of three types of cells,especially the dermal sheath cells,was markedly stimulated by EGF.


Conclusion 
The growth of three types of mesenchymal cells is markedly stimulated by EGF in routine medium+ EGF,which provides the experimental evidence that this medium can be used for the organotypic culture of epithelial and dermal cells from hair follicles and skin.


Key words: 
Hair follicle; Dermal papilla cells; Growth; Culture
Effect of <i>Cordyceps sinensis</i> on Renal Function of Patients with Chronic Allograft Nephropathy (2011)

C. sinensis therapy is advantageous in improving renal function of CAN patients by retarding CAN progression.
Higher Expression of Toll-like Receptors 2, 3, 4, and 8 in Ocular Behcet's Disease (2013)

Purpose.: To investigate the role of Toll-like receptors (TLRs) 2, 3, 4, and 8 in the pathogenesis of Behcet's disease (BD). Methods.: Sixteen patients with active ocular BD and 16 healthy volunteers were included in this study. Total RNA was isolated from PBMCs to determine mRNA levels of TLRs, including TLR2, TLR3, TLR4, and TLR8. Cell surface receptor activity of these TLRs was investigated by FACS analysis. Monocytes and naïve T cells from patients and controls were cultured with or without TLR ligands, such as LPS, PGN, R848, or PolyI:C. Culture supernatants were collected and IL-17, IL-1β, and IL-23 were analyzed by ELISA. Results.: A markedly higher expression at the mRNA and protein level of TLR2, TLR3, TLR4, and TLR8 was observed in active BD patients as compared with controls. Significantly higher levels of IL-1β and IL-23 were detected in the supernatants of monocytes stimulated with LPS or PGN. A significantly higher level of IL-17 was observed in the supernatants of naïve T cells and monocytes stimulated with LPS or PGN in BD patients as compared with controls. Upon stimulation with R848 or PolyI:C, the levels of IL-17 in the supernatants of naïve T cells and monocytes and IL-23 levels in the supernatants of monocytes were not different between BD patients and controls. Conclusions.: A higher expression of TLRs may be involved in the pathogenesis of BD.
<i>In situ</i> genotyping of a pooled strain library after characterizing complex phenotypes (2017)

In this work, we present a proof-of-principle experiment that extends advanced live cell microscopy to the scale of pool-generated strain libraries. We achieve this by identifying the genotypes for individual cells <i>in situ</i> after a detailed characterization of the phenotype. The principle is demonstrated by single-molecule fluorescence time-lapse imaging of <i>Escherichia coli</i> strains harboring barcoded plasmids that express a sgRNA which suppresses different genes in the <i>E. coli</i> genome through dCas9 interference. In general, the method solves the problem of characterizing complex dynamic phenotypes for diverse genetic libraries of cell strains. For example, it allows screens of how changes in regulatory or coding sequences impact the temporal expression, location, or function of a gene product, or how the altered expression of a set of genes impacts the intracellular dynamics of a labeled reporter.
Hybrid infrared imaging arrays (1978)

Infrared focal planes in intrinsic semiconductors offer advantages over extrinsic semiconductors in both operating temperature and quantum efficiency. Current research on hybrid focal planes is directed toward devices in which detection occurs in an intrinsic narrow energy bandgap semiconductor, and signal processing is accomplished in a silicon multiplexer which is electrically interfaced to the detector array. Two principal hybrid device designs are being developed to sense the incident photon flux: frontside and backside illuminated configurations. These hybrid designs and the approaches using III-V, IV-VI and II-VI alloy systems are described. Furthermore, the devices which incorporate self spectral filtering and detector-multiplexer interface circuits will be described. The operation of existing focal planes and the key technical problems associated with the attainment of practical, high performance hybrid focal planes will be discussed.
Thermochemische Behandlung von Titan und Titanlegierungen durch Laserumschmelzen und Gaslegieren (1985)

Abstract Es wird gezeigt, daß es beim Umschmelzen von Titanlegierungen mit einem Laser unter Verwendung geeigneter Prozeßgase möglich ist, harte Oberflächenschichten zu erzielen. Die erhaltenen Proben sind goldglänzend, riß‐ und porenfrei und weisen nach dem Umschmelzen nur einen geringen Verzug sowie eine minimale Rauhigkeit auf. Die bisher erhaltenen Ergebnisse werden mit denen äquivalenter Verfahren verglichen.
Asymmetric Synthesis of 2<i>H</i>‐Azirines with a Tetrasubstituted Stereocenter by Enantioselective Ring Contraction of Isoxazoles (2017)

Highly strained 2H-azirines with a tetrasubstituted stereocenter were synthesized by the enantioselective isomerization of isoxazoles with a chiral diene-rhodium catalyst system. The effect of ligands and the coordination behavior support the proposed catalytic cycle in which the coordination site is fixed in favor of efficient enantiodiscrimination by a bulky substituent of the ligand. In silico studies also support the existence of a rhodium-imido complex as a key intermediate for enantiodiscrimination.
Stereochemistry and Mechanism in Reactions of Silver Salts with Alkyl Halides. The Reaction of Silver Nitrate with Alkyl Halides<sup>1,2</sup> (1966)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTStereochemistry and Mechanism in Reactions of Silver Salts with Alkyl Halides. The Reaction of Silver Nitrate with Alkyl Halides1,2Nathan Kornblum and Donald E. HardiesCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1966, 88, 8, 1707–1711Publication Date (Print):April 1, 1966Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 April 1966https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00960a025https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00960a025research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views799Altmetric-Citations17LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts