gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Responses of monkey medullary dorsal horn neurons during the detection of noxious heat stimuli (1989)

1. We examined the activity of thermally sensitive trigeminothalamic neurons and nonprojection neurons in the medullary dorsal horn (trigeminal nucleus caudalis) in three monkeys performing thermal and visual detection tasks. 2. An examination of neuronal stimulus-response functions, obtained during thermal-detection tasks in which noxious heat stimuli were applied to the face, indicated that wide-dynamic-range neurons (WDR, responsive to innocuous mechanical stimuli with greater responses to noxious mechanical stimuli) could be subclassified based on the slope values of linear regression lines. WDR1 neurons exhibited significantly greater sensitivity to noxious heat stimulation than WDR2 neurons or nociceptive-specific neurons (NS, responsive only to noxious stimuli). 3. In one behavioral task, the monkeys detected 1.0 degrees C increases in noxious heat from preceding noxious heat stimuli ranging from 44 to 48 degrees C. WDR1, WDR2, and NS neurons increased their discharge frequency as a function of the intensity of the first noxious heat temperature (T1) as well as the final temperature (T2). The responses of WDR1 neurons were greater than those produced by WDR2 or NS neurons across all the temperatures examined. The order of stimulus presentation affected the responses of WDR1 neurons to 1.0 degrees C increases in the noxious heat range but not those of WDR2 or NS neurons. 4. In a second behavioral task, the monkeys detected small increases in noxious heat (0.2-0.8 degrees C) from a first temperature of 46 degrees C. Although the responses of all three classes of neurons were monotonically related to stimulus intensity, WDR1 neurons exhibited greater sensitivity to small temperature increases than either WDR2 or NS neurons. 5. Subpopulations of all three classes of neurons exhibited responses that were independent of thermal stimulus parameters or sensory modality and that only occurred during the behavioral task. These task-related responses were time-locked to specific behavioral events associated with trial initiation and trial continuation. 6. These data provide evidence that a subpopulation of WDR neurons is the dorsal horn cell type most sensitive to small increases in noxious heat in the 45-49 degrees C temperature range and provides the most information about stimulus intensity. The findings support the view that nociceptive neurons have the capacity to precisely encode stimulus features in the noxious range and that WDR neurons are likely to participate in the monkeys' ability to perceive the intensity of such stimuli.
Influence of Temperature and Pressure on the Densification, Microstructure, and Electrical Properties of the Dual-Phase System Y<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>-Doped ZrO<sub>2</sub> and RuO<sub>2</sub> (2001)

Dual-phase nanocomposite powders of 3Y-TZP (tetragonal-ZrO2 doped with 3 mol % Y2O3) and RuO2 have been prepared and densified into compacts. The electrical conductivity of the densified compacts was correlated with the microstructure. Variations in the synthesis method and powder composition influenced the densification and resulting microstructure of the composites. Densification of the composites was sensitive to changes in experimental temperature/pressure conditions. Sinterforging the material in the range 1150−1250 °C and 50−100 MPa pressure resulted in dense (>95%) composites. The microstructure of the sinterforged materials revealed that macroscopic phase separation had occurred as a result of the aerial oxidation of RuO2 species above ≈700 °C. Because of the volatilization of RuO2, the pores in the pressed powder compact became filled with large ruthenia grains during densification. The microstructure thus reflected the agglomerate structure of the starting powder. The “inhomogeneous” microstructure led to high electrical conductivity in the material. The electrical conductivity of the dense composites was measured by the four-point technique and conductivity values on the order of 1−6 × 103 S cm-1 were obtained. High electrical conductivity (4.4 × 103 S cm-1) could be obtained, even at relatively low RuO2 contents of 15 mol %.
Impairment of Immunoproteasome Function by β5i/LMP7 Subunit Deficiency Results in Severe Enterovirus Myocarditis (2011)

Proteasomes recognize and degrade poly-ubiquitinylated proteins. In infectious disease, cells activated by interferons (IFNs) express three unique catalytic subunits β1i/LMP2, β2i/MECL-1 and β5i/LMP7 forming an alternative proteasome isoform, the immunoproteasome (IP). The in vivo function of IPs in pathogen-induced inflammation is still a matter of controversy. IPs were mainly associated with MHC class I antigen processing. However, recent findings pointed to a more general function of IPs in response to cytokine stress. Here, we report on the role of IPs in acute coxsackievirus B3 (CVB3) myocarditis reflecting one of the most common viral disease entities among young people. Despite identical viral load in both control and IP-deficient mice, IP-deficiency was associated with severe acute heart muscle injury reflected by large foci of inflammatory lesions and severe myocardial tissue damage. Exacerbation of acute heart muscle injury in this host was ascribed to disequilibrium in protein homeostasis in viral heart disease as indicated by the detection of increased proteotoxic stress in cytokine-challenged cardiomyocytes and inflammatory cells from IP-deficient mice. In fact, due to IP-dependent removal of poly-ubiquitinylated protein aggregates in the injured myocardium IPs protected CVB3-challenged mice from oxidant-protein damage. Impaired NFκB activation in IP-deficient cardiomyocytes and inflammatory cells and proteotoxic stress in combination with severe inflammation in CVB3-challenged hearts from IP-deficient mice potentiated apoptotic cell death in this host, thus exacerbating acute tissue damage. Adoptive T cell transfer studies in IP-deficient mice are in agreement with data pointing towards an effective CD8 T cell immune. This study therefore demonstrates that IP formation primarily protects the target organ of CVB3 infection from excessive inflammatory tissue damage in a virus-induced proinflammatory cytokine milieu.
A 16K dynamic RAM (1976)

Design and fabrication of a single transistor N-channel 16K dynamic RAM will be described. Packaged in a standard 16-PIN DIP, the device is PIN, power and performance compatible with the 16-PIN 4K RAMs.
Talin is required for integrin-mediated platelet function in hemostasis and thrombosis (2007)

Integrins are critical for hemostasis and thrombosis because they mediate both platelet adhesion and aggregation. Talin is an integrin-binding cytoplasmic adaptor that is a central organizer of focal adhesions, and loss of talin phenocopies integrin deletion in Drosophila. Here, we have examined the role of talin in mammalian integrin function in vivo by selectively disrupting the talin1 gene in mouse platelet precursor megakaryocytes. Talin null megakaryocytes produced circulating platelets that exhibited normal morphology yet manifested profoundly impaired hemostatic function. Specifically, platelet-specific deletion of talin1 led to spontaneous hemorrhage and pathological bleeding. Ex vivo and in vitro studies revealed that loss of talin1 resulted in dramatically impaired integrin alphaIIbbeta3-mediated platelet aggregation and beta1 integrin-mediated platelet adhesion. Furthermore, loss of talin1 strongly inhibited the activation of platelet beta1 and beta3 integrins in response to platelet agonists. These data establish that platelet talin plays a crucial role in hemostasis and provide the first proof that talin is required for the activation and function of mammalian alpha2beta1 and alphaIIbbeta3 integrins in vivo.
Channel Selective Independent Vector Analysis Based Speech Enhancement for Keyword Recognition in Home Robot Cleaner (2019)

In this paper, we proposed a speech enhancement based on channel selective independent vector analysis (CS-IVA) for improving the keyword recognition rate in home robot cleaner. At first, the proposed method eliminates the noises generated by home robot cleaner. Then the CS-IVA separates sources and estimated target speech is selected. Finally, residual noise contained in CS-IVA output is reduced. Simulation results show performance of keyword recognition is improved.
Georeferencing from geoeye-1 imagery: early indications of metric performance (2009)

GeoEye-1 was launched in September 2008, and after some five months of commissioning commenced commercial operations in February, 2009. With its 0.41m panchromatic and 1.65m multispectral resolution, GeoEye-1 represents a further step along the way to higher resolution capabilities for remote sensing satellites. Given experiences with precise georeferencing from its sister satellite, IKONOS, initial accuracy expectations for 3D georeferencing with ground control entered the 20-40cm range, and geolocation utilising metadata (orbit and attitude recordings) alone is specified at 2-3m. This paper describes an early experimental assessment of the accuracy of georeferencing from GeoEye-1 imagery. A stereo panchromatic image pair covering the Hobart HRSI test field in Australia was utilised in the testing. This test field, originally established to support metric testing of IKONOS imagery, comprises more than 100 precisely measured GCPs, of which 55 were deemed suitable for the GeoEye-1 tests. Three aspects were investigated with the resampled 50 cm imagery: the first was the geolocation accuracy attainable from utilising vendor supplied RPCs, ie those generated utilising metadata alone; the second was the accuracy attainable via bias-corrected RPCs; and the third involved application of a linear empirical model, not so much to offer an alternative geopositioning capability, but more to gain an insight into the degree of linearity of GeoEye-1’s east-to-west image scanning. The paper will highlight the fact that with bias-corrected RPCs and a single GCP, the RMS georeferencing accuracy reaches the unprecedented level of 0.10m (0.2 pixel) in planimetry and 0.25m (0.5 pixel) in height. 1.
Shape of intergranular creep cracks growing by surface diffusion (1973)

A crack-like creep rupture cavity is considered to extend along the interface between two grains by diffusive transport of material into the boundary ahead of its tip.The shape of the cavity surfaces is determined here on the assumptions that this is governed by surface diffusion, and that steady state conditions prevail, so that the cavity advances as a profile retaining a constant shape near its tip.A second order non-linear differential equation for the profile is derived and a simple approximate solution is given, which is shown to be highly accurate by comparison to a numerical solution.This allows the crack velocity, the radius of.curvatureadjacent to the tip, and the rate of matter flux into the boundary ahead of the tip to be related to one another and to material constants.The information is useful as boundary conditions to a coupled analysis of diffusion and stress concentration ahead of the cavity, so as to determine the rate of cavity propagation in terms of applied stress.1.
Adsorption of Glyphosate on the Clay Mineral Montmorillonite:  Effect of Cu(II) in Solution and Adsorbed on the Mineral (1997)

Adsorption−desorption of the herbicide glyphosate (GPS) onto the clay mineral montmorillonite has been studied in presence of copper, in order to clarify the effects that this strongly complexing metal could have on the availability and mobility of GPS in soil environment. In contrast with previous findings, GPS adsorption on montmorillonite decreases in the presence of Cu, in solution or adsorbed on the mineral, due to the formation of Cu−GPS complexes that have a lower tendency to be adsorbed on montmorillonite than the free GPS. GPS adsorption is higher at pH 4.2 than at pH 6.8, both in the presence and in the absence of Cu, but the decrease in GPS adsorption in the presence of Cu is lower at pH 4.2 than at pH 6.8, since at this latter pH the concentration of Cu−GPS complexes in relation to free GPS in solution is high. It is commonly believed that GPS remains almost permanently adsorbed onto soils and has very limited mobility, but GPS desorption experiments show that the amount of GPS desorbed from montmoril lonite is not negligible and increases in the presence of Cu. These experiments lead to the conclusion that, in relation to GPS release from soil, it is necessary to take into account not only the type of soil to which it is applied (e.g., whether it has high clay minerals content) but also whether there is any element in the soil solution or adsorbed on the soil capable of forming strong complexes with GPS.
Growth and characterization of sputtered epitaxial γ′Fe4N and NbN films and bilayers using electron backscatter diffraction patterns and magnetometry (2003)

Epitaxial single-crystal ferromagnetic Fe4N films (γ′ phase of iron nitride), nonmagnetic NbN films, and NbN/Fe4N bilayers were grown on MgO(100) substrates by sputter deposition in N2 gas. Electron backscatter diffraction patterns were used to characterize the structural properties including the relative crystallographic orientation of the sputter deposited Fe4N and NbN films with respect to the substrate and each other. Superconducting quantum interference device magnetometry was used to study the in-plane uniaxial anisotropy and determine the directions of the easy axes in ferromagnetic Fe4N films.
Favourable Effect of Detergent on Antigen Detection and Comparison of Enzyme Linked Detection Systems in an Elisa for<u>Chlamydia Trachomatis</u> (1989)

The influence of addition of detergents to the antigen on sensitivity of an ELISA for the detection of Chlamydia trachomatis was investigated. Of the detergents tested, only octyl-beta-d-glucopyranoside and sodiumdesoxycholate gave respectively a two- to fourfold and an eightfold increase in sensitivity. The effect was only present within a narrow range of detergent concentrations. The optimal detergent concentration was strongly dependent on the protein concentration in the antigen preparation. For optimal detection of the bound chlamydial antigen, enzyme and biotin labeled secondary antibodies were compared. The biotin labeled antibodies were combined with enzyme labeled streptavidin-biotin complex (SBC). Color development was obtained with both types of conjugates by using either o-phenylenediamine (OPD) or an enzyme amplification system. The best results were obtained with the SBC method and OPD.
Niosomes and Liposomes - Vesicular Approach Towards Transdermal Drug Delivery (2012)

Drug targeting is the ability to direct a therapeutic agent specifically to desired site of action with little or no interaction with nontarget tissue. Novel drug delivery system aims to deliver the drug at a rate directed by the needs of the body during the period of treatment, and channel the active entity to the site of action. Niosomes are one of the best carriers for drug targeting. Niosomes are self assembled vesicles composed primarily of synthetic surfactants and cholesterol. They are analogous in structure to the more widely studied liposomes formed from biologically derived phospholipids. Niosomes are biodegradable, relatively nontoxic, more stable and inexpensive, an alternative to liposomes. On the other hand liposomes are vesicular structures consisting of hydrated bilalyers which form spontaneously when phospholipids are dispersed in water. They are simple microscopic vesicles in which an aqueous volume is entirely enclosed by a membrane composed of lipid bilayers. The focus of this review is to bring out the application, advantages, and drawbacks of vesicular systems i.e. niosomes and liposomes.
Cross Correlation in Structural Systems: Dispersion and Nondispersion Waves (1969)

The use of cross correlation as a tool for analyzing propagation of energy in structural systems is investigated. Each energy-transmission path will have a characteristic delay time, and examination of the cross-correlation function of input and response can guide in the determination of the most significant path or paths. Difficulties occur in distributed systems or when the propagation is by a dispersive mechanism. The principles of correlation analysis are examined for both dispersive and nondispersive systems. Experimental evidence is presented that supports the theory and concepts developed. On the basis of these preliminary results, it appears that the technique holds promise and bears further investigation.
Interconnect synthesis of heterogeneous accelerators in a shared memory architecture (2015)

An accelerator-rich architecture (ARA) is composed of heterogeneous accelerators with an on-chip memory system. Compared to the general-purpose processors, an accelerator demands short and predictable latency to its local on-chip memory to satisfy its performance target. Moreover, an accelerator requires a much higher off-chip memory bandwidth than a CPU since it consumes much more data in a given time period. Therefore, a customized on-chip memory system design is one of the keys to an efficient ARA. In this work we provide a two-layer interconnect synthesis method. We first provide an optimal layer of partial crossbar that connects the heterogeneous accelerators and shared memory banks with a minimum number of switches. The second layer of interconnect tries to interleave possible conflicting long-burst memory requests for prefetching data from off-chip memory. The experimental results show that we can reduce more than 45% of the switches of the partial crossbar compared to the best known method. This further leads to 53% reduction of LUTs and 34% reduction of slice utilization on a 30-accelerator FPGA prototype. Furthermore, the performance of an ARA can be improved by 36% - 52% with a well-designed interleaved network in a real ARA prototype for medical imaging applications. This prototype also shows a 7.44x energy efficiency gain over the state-of-the-art Xeon processors.
Kinetic models assessment for swelling of coal induced by methane and carbon dioxide sorption (2016)

The ability of five kinetic equations to describe the sorption kinetics and expansion rate of solid coal samples was investigated. The conducted experiment included the measurements of sorption of methane and carbon dioxide on cuboidal hard coal samples at high pressure using volumetric method. Simultaneously the kinetics of coal sorption induced swelling was monitored. All of the approaches used to fit the experimental sorption and dilatometric data were literature-based equations. Two equations represent the traditional approach for sorption on powder and grain fractions based on the bidisperse gas transport model, and have been used to interpret and quantify the observed gas uptake rates in coal. The other three kinetic equations are the pseudo-second-order kinetic equation, Elovich equation, and stretched exponential (SE) equation. Four of the five equations are suitable to describe the kinetics of methane and carbon dioxide sorption in the porous structure of solid coal samples and the kinetics of coal expansion that accompany the sorption processes. The SE equation gave the best fit to the experimental data.
Built-In-Test Self-Verification (2005)

This paper presents various techniques to be used in the development of a Built-In-Test (BIT) design with provisions for BIT self-verification. These techniques, consisting of "forced failures" and designing BIT circuits with known failure modes, enable a BIT hardware failure to be automatically detected by the equipment's BIT processor. The "forced failure" technique requires faults to be simulated in the equipment and the corresponding BIT circuitry status to be evaluated against expected results. Designing to known failure modes, the other technique, requires BIT circuits to be designed in such a way that a BIT failure can be detected by evaluating circuit status signals.
Site-Specific Protein Transamination Using <i>N</i>-Methylpyridinium-4-carboxaldehyde (2013)

The controlled attachment of synthetic groups to proteins is important for a number of fields, including therapeutics, where antibody-drug conjugates are an emerging area of biologic medicines. We have previously reported a site-specific protein modification method using a transamination reaction that chemoselectively oxidizes the N-terminal amine of a polypeptide chain to a ketone or an aldehyde group. The newly introduced carbonyl can be used for conjugation to a synthetic group in one location through the formation of an oxime or a hydrazone linkage. To expand the scope of this reaction, we have used a combinatorial peptide library screening platform as a method to explore new transamination reagents while simultaneously identifying their optimal N-terminal sequences. N-Methylpyridinium-4-carboxaldehyde benzenesulfonate salt (Rapoport's salt, RS) was identified as a highly effective transamination reagent when paired with glutamate-terminal peptides and proteins. This finding establishes RS as a transamination reagent that is particularly well suited for antibody modification. Using a known therapeutic antibody, herceptin, it was demonstrated that RS can be used to modify the heavy chains of the wild-type antibody or to modify both the heavy and the light chains after N-terminal sequence mutation to add additional glutamate residues.
An energy-efficient MAC protocol for underwater wireless acoustic networks (2005)

We propose a distributed, scalable, energy-efficient MAC protocol that works despite long, unknown propagation delays of the underwater acoustic medium. This protocol can be used for delay-tolerant applications such as underwater ecological sensor networks between energy-limited nodes. Our protocol differs significantly from ALOHA, MACA, and MACAW protocols in that energy is the main performance metric in our case rather than bandwidth utilization. It is shown that under a realistic underwater sensor network scenario, our proposed MAC protocol wastes only 3 percent of the transmit energy due to collisions, when an average number of 1-hop neighbors is 5, and the duty cycle is 0.004. This distributed, scalable MAC protocol has the potential to serve as a primer for the development of energy-efficient MAC protocols for future underwater sensor networks.
Development and Characterization of Novel Trans Buccoadhesive Bilayer Tablets of Tapentadol Hydrochloride (2013)

Buccoadhesive bilayer tablets of Tapentadol Hydrochloride were prepared and evaluated in this investigation. Tapentadol is a centrally-acting opioid analgesic, having potency between morphine and tramadol. The direct compression method was used for preparing tablets. The polymers were employed in the formulations are Carbopol 934 P, Eudragit RL 100, sodium alginate, Chitosan, and polyvinylpyrrolidone-K30 (PVP) and ethyl cellulose (EC) as a backing layer. The prepared formulations were evaluated for their physicochemical characteristics, swelling index, surface pH, ex vivo buccoadhesive strength, in vitro, in vivo drug release and ex vivo permeation studies. The significant differences in the results were observed, which dependent on characteristics and composition of bioadhesive materials used. Stability studies were conducted in natural human saliva and accelerated conditions, results reveals no significant change in physical appearance. Drug content, buccoadhesive strength and the P-value shown statistically significant at <0.05. Ex vivo mucous irritation by histological examination reveals, the administration site of buccal tablet over the buccal mucosa did not cause any irritation, ulceration, inflammation and redness, and it resembles to controlled buccal mucosa. Good correlations were observed between in vitro and in vivo drug release, with a correlation coefficient of 0.997. Drug diffusion from buccal tablets showed apparently zero order kinetics and release mechanism was diffusion controlled after considerable swelling.