gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
The Mechanism of CO and CO<sub>2</sub> Hydrogenation to Methanol over Cu‐Based Catalysts (2015)

Abstract Methanol, an important chemical, fuel additive, and precursor for clean fuels, is produced by hydrogenation of carbon oxides over Cu‐based catalysts. Despite the technological maturity of this process, the understanding of this apparently simple reaction is still incomplete with regard to the reaction mechanism and the active sites. Regarding the latter, recent progress has shown that stepped and ZnO x ‐decorated Cu surfaces are crucial for the performance of industrial catalysts. Herein, we integrate this insight with additional experiments into a full microkinetic description of methanol synthesis. In particular, we show how the presence or absence of the Zn promoter dramatically changes not only the activity, but unexpectedly the reaction mechanism itself. The Janus‐faced character of Cu with two different sites for methanol synthesis, Zn‐promoted and unpromoted, resolves the long‐standing controversy regarding the Cu/Zn synergy and adds methanol synthesis to the few major industrial catalytic processes that are described on an atomic level.
Cherokee Nation Tribal Profile (2002)

Cherokee Nation Tribal Profile by Ahnawake Carroll provides readers with an overview of the Cherokee Nation Tribal Government. This profile includes information regarding both the historical and contemporary uses of the tribe's traditional law, law of governance, enacted law, and case law.
A Novel millimeter-wave Substrate Integrated Waveguide (SIW) filter buried in LTCC (2008)

A novel millimeter-wave SIW filter buried in LTCC has been analyzed and designed in this paper. We uses metallic via arrays mounted in SIW to substitute E-plane iris in RW. Meanwhile LTCC technology is implemented to realize further compact size of this filter. Through a design procedure introduced in this paper we get the initial parameter fast and accurately, and then designed a five poles, 34.1-35.9GHz filter, which presents 1.8dB insertion loss and the return loss is better than -21dB in the entire passband. Besides compact size and good performance, the filter occupies rather little space on the substrate surface, which has important significance for system's miniaturization.
Estimation of Tire Slip Angle and Friction Limits Using Steering Torque (2009)

Knowledge of the vehicle's lateral handling limits is important for vehicle control systems which aim to enhance vehicle handling and passenger safety. This paper presents a model-based estimation method that utilizes pneumatic trail information in steering torque to identify a vehicle's lateral handling limits, which are defined by the tire slip angle and peak lateral force limits. This method uses measurements available on many current production vehicles. Most importantly, it takes advantage of the early friction information encoded in the tire pneumatic trail. Pneumatic trail decreases as a function of the tire parameters even in the linear handling region, enabling early detection of the limits <i xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">before</i> they are reached. Experimental results on an independent front steering steer-by-wire research vehicle demonstrate the observer's ability to provide accurate real-time estimates of tire slip angle up to the limits of handling. Testing conditions include maneuvers performed on dry, flat paved road, as well as on lower-friction, dry gravel.
Control-flow checking using watchdog assists and extended-precision checksums (2003)

A control-flow checking method is proposed. Extended-precision checksum-based control-flow checking is shown to have low error detection latency compared to previously proposed methods. Analytical measures are derived to demonstrate the effectiveness of using extended-precision checksums for control-flow checking. The error detection latency in the extended-precision checksum-based control-flow checking remains relatively constant for both single and multiple sequence errors. In the case of signature-based methods, error detection latency increases linearly with the number of sequence errors. A watchdog assist architecture for control-flow checking in programs is defined. Unlike previously proposed control-flow checking methods, this watchdog assist architecture is well suited for multiprocessor, multiprogramming, and cache-based environments. The Hewlett-Packard precision architecture is used as an example to demonstrate the feasibility of watchdog assists.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Murine and Chicken Chondrocytes Regulate Osteoclastogenesis by Producing RANKL in Response to BMP2 (2007)

Hypertrophic chondrocytes may regulate osteoclastogenesis at growth plates to remove calcified matrix through BMP-induced RANKL expression.
Preparation and Biophysical Properties of Hemolysate-Loaded Liposomes (1984)

Recently, many reports have been published on the red cell substitutes (1,2). Still more recently, several attempts have been made to prepare highly biocompatible liposomes containing hemoglobin solution as a red cell substitute (3).
Docosahexaenoic Acid-Enriched Fish Oil Attenuates Kidney Disease and Prolongs Median and Maximal Life Span of Autoimmune Lupus-Prone Mice (2010)

The therapeutic efficacy of individual components of fish oils (FOs) in various human inflammatory diseases still remains unresolved, possibly due to low levels of n-3 fatty acids docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) and eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) or lower ratio of DHA to EPA. Because FO enriched with DHA (FO-DHA) or EPA (FO-EPA) has become available recently, we investigated their efficacy on survival and inflammatory kidney disease in a well-established animal model of human systemic lupus erythematosus. Results show for the first time that FO-DHA dramatically extends both the median (658 d) and maximal (848 d) life span of (NZB x NZW)F1 (B x W) mice. In contrast, FO-EPA fed mice had a median and maximal life span of approximately 384 and 500 d, respectively. Investigations into possible survival mechanisms revealed that FO-DHA (versus FO-EPA) lowers serum anti-dsDNA Abs, IgG deposition in kidneys, and proteinuria. Further, FO-DHA lowered LPS-mediated increases in serum IL-18 levels and caspase-1-dependent cleavage of pro-IL-18 to mature IL-18 in kidneys. Moreover, FO-DHA suppressed LPS-mediated PI3K, Akt, and NF-kappaB activations in kidney. These data indicate that DHA, but not EPA, is the most potent n-3 fatty acid that suppresses glomerulonephritis and extends life span of systemic lupus erythematosus-prone short-lived B x W mice, possibly via inhibition of IL-18 induction and IL-18-dependent signaling.
The synthesis of single-walled carbon nanotubes over an Al<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>Fe<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>binary aerogel catalyst (2006)

An Al2O3Fe2O3 binary aerogel was used as a catalyst for the synthesis of singlewalled carbon nanotubes. The carbon products were synthesized by catalytic decomposition of methane or a CH4/H2 mixture at 820-960°C for 30 min. The influence of preparation atmosphere on the growth of single-walled carbon nanotubes was investigated. The morphology and the structure of carbon products were investigated by TEM, HRTEM and Raman spectroscopy analyses. The carbon products prepared under a methane atmosphere are mainly amorphous. High-purity individual single walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) and bundles were synthesized under the mixed atmosphere of CH4/H2. The results show that the atmospheres exhibit a close relationship to the yield and structure of carbon products formed.
Effects of neoadjuvant chemotherapy on the contralateral non-tumor-bearing breast assessed by diffuse optical tomography (2021)

This study demonstrates that the contralateral normal breast tissue assessed by DOTBIS is modifiable after NAC, with changes associated with pCR after only 2-3 weeks of chemotherapy.
Statistical Modeling of Craniofacial Shape and Texture (2019)

Abstract We present a fully-automatic statistical 3D shape modeling approach and apply it to a large dataset of 3D images, the Headspace dataset , thus generating the first public shape-and-texture 3D morphable model (3DMM) of the full human head. Our approach is the first to employ a template that adapts to the dataset subject before dense morphing. This is fully automatic and achieved using 2D facial landmarking, projection to 3D shape, and mesh editing. In dense template morphing, we improve on the well-known Coherent Point Drift algorithm, by incorporating iterative data-sampling and alignment. Our evaluations demonstrate that our method has better performance in correspondence accuracy and modeling ability when compared with other competing algorithms. We propose a texture map refinement scheme to build high quality texture maps and texture model. We present several applications that include the first clinical use of craniofacial 3DMMs in the assessment of different types of surgical intervention applied to a craniosynostosis patient group.
Chemistry and biological activity of thiazolidinones (1981)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleChemistry and biological activity of thiazolidinonesShiva P. Singh, Surendra S. Parmar, Krishna Raman, and Virgil I. StenbergCite this: Chem. Rev. 1981, 81, 2, 175–203Publication Date (Print):April 1, 1981Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 April 1981https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/cr00042a003https://doi.org/10.1021/cr00042a003research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views2470Altmetric-Citations324LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
O<sub>2</sub>release from Hb vesicles evaluated using an artificial, narrow O<sub>2</sub>-permeable tube: comparison with RBCs and acellular Hbs (2003)

A phospholipid vesicle that encapsulates a concentrated hemoglobin (Hb) solution and pyridoxal 5'-phosphate as an allosteric effector [Hb vesicle (HbV) diameter, 250 nm] has been developed to provide an O2 carrying ability to plasma expanders. The O2 release from flowing HbVs was examined using an O2-permeable, fluorinated ethylenepropylene copolymer tube (inner diameter, 28 microm) exposed to a deoxygenated environment. Measurement of O2 release was performed using an apparatus that consisted of an inverted microscope and a scanning-grating spectrophotometer with a photon-count detector, and the rate of O2 release was determined based on the visible absorption spectrum in the Q band of Hb. HbVs and fresh human red blood cells (RBCs) were mixed in various volume ratios at a Hb concentration of 10 g/dl in isotonic saline that contained 5 g/dl albumin, and the suspension was perfused at the centerline flow velocity of 1 mm/s through the narrow tube. The mixtures of acellular Hb solution and RBCs were also tested. Because HbVs were homogeneously dispersed in the albumin solution, increasing the volume of the HbV suspension resulted in a thicker marginal RBC-free layer. Irrespective of the mixing ratio, the rate of O2 release from the HbV/RBC mixtures was similar to that of RBCs alone. On the other hand, the addition of 50 vol% of acellular Hb solution to RBCs significantly enhanced the rate of deoxygenation. This outstanding difference in the rate of O2 release between the HbV suspension and the acellular Hb solution should mainly be due to the difference in the particle size (250 vs. 7 nm) that affects their diffusion for the facilitated O2 transport.
Web path recommendations based on page ranking and Markov models (2005)

Markov models have been widely used for modelling users' navigational behaviour in the Web graph, using the transitional probabilities between web pages, as recorded in the web logs. The recorded users' navigation is used to extract popular web paths and predict current users' next steps. Such purely usage-based probabilistic models, however, present certain shortcomings. Since the prediction of users' navigational behaviour is based solely on the usage data, structural properties of the Web graph are ignored. Thus important - in terms of pagerank authority score - paths may be underrated. In this paper we present a hybrid probabilistic predictive model extending the properties of Markov models by incorporating link analysis methods. More specifically, we propose the use of a PageRank-style algorithm for assigning prior probabilities to the web pages based on their importance in the web site's graph. We prove, through experimentation, that this approach results in more objective and representative predictions than the ones produced from the pure usage-based approaches.
Reliable interfaces for EGaIn multi-layer stretchable circuits and microelectronics (2019)

We tackle two well-known problems in the fabrication of stretchable electronics: interfacing soft circuit wiring with silicon chips and fabrication of multi-layer circuits. We demonstrate techniques that allow integration of embedded flexible printed circuit boards (FPCBs) populated with microelectronics into soft circuits composed of liquid metal (LM) interconnects. These methods utilize vertical interconnect accesses (VIAs) that are produced by filling LM alloy into cavities formed by laser ablation. The introduced technique is versatile, easy to perform, clean-room free, and results in reliable multi-layer stretchable hybrid circuits that can withstand over 80% of strain. We characterize the fabrication parameters of such VIAs and demonstrated several applications, including a stretchable touchpad and pressure detection film, and an all-integrated multi-layer electromyography (EMG) circuit patch with five active layers including acquisition electrodes, on-board processing and Bluetooth communication modules.
Inhibition of retinoblastoma protein phosphorylation by myogenesis-induced changes in the subunit composition of the cyclin-dependent kinase 4 complex. (1996)

The retinoblastoma protein (Rb) is essential for the maintenance of the postmitotic state in terminally differentiated myocytes. Upon C2C12 myogenesis, the level of the cyclin-dependent kinase 4 (CDK4) protein does not change, but its Rb kinase activity is down-regulated markedly. Here, we show that the reduction in CDK4 activity results from (a) the irreversible induction and association of the p21 CDK inhibitor with the CDK4 complex and (b) a decline in overall D-type cyclin expression. Immunoprecipitation-coupled immunoblot analyses demonstrated that myocyte differentiation produces alterations in the subunit interactions within the CDK4 complex, including a diminished interaction with cyclin D1 and enhanced interactions with cyclin D3 and p21. The significance of the p21 interaction with CDK4 was indicated by the ability of anti-p21 antibodies to specifically immunodeplete a Rb kinase inhibitory activity that was bound to the CDK4 complex in myotubes. Furthermore, the restimulation of myotubes with serum did not lead to the re-activation of CDK4 or disrupt the CDK4-p21 interaction. Despite the increase in cyclin D3 expression during myogenesis, quantitative immunoblot analyses revealed that the combined levels of cyclin D1 and D3 decline during this process and that CDK4 is expressed at much higher levels than either of these cyclin subunits in postmitotic myotubes. These results suggest that the myogenesis-induced up-regulation of p21 and down-regulation of the total D-type cyclin expression contribute to the inhibition of the CDK4 Rb kinase activity, leading to conditions that favor the accumulation of the hypophosphorylated Rb and growth arrest upon terminal differentiation.
Human trabecular cells. II. Growth pattern and ultrastructural characteristics. (1982)

The morphologic features of third-passage human trabecular cells were examined in multiple experiments by light and electron microscopy. Evaluation of the cellular growth pattern, fibronectin immunofluorescence, and specific ultrastructural features have helped to establish the identity of the trabecular cell type. Comparison of the cultured trabecular cells with cultured keratocytes and scleral fibrocytes grown under identical conditions emphasized the specialized morphologic features of trabecular cells in vitro. The characteristics of trabecular cells in vitro closely resemble those described for trabecular cells in vivo, including the presence of similar cell surface features and cell junctions, cytoplasmic organelle composition, and nuclear chromatin pattern. Since many of the differentiated features of the trabecular cells are retained after passage in culture, it is possible that study of these cells will provide a means to understand the biochemical and morphologic properties of this important cell type.
A 20-HYDROXYEICOSATETRAENOIC ACID AGONIST, N-[20-HYDROXYEICOSA-5(Z),14(Z)-DIENOYL]GLYCINE, OPPOSES THE FALL IN BLOOD PRESSURE AND VASCULAR REACTIVITY IN ENDOTOXIN-TREATED RATS (2008)

Endotoxic shock is a systemic inflammatory response that is associated with an increase in nitric oxide production and a decrease in the formation of 20-hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid (20-HETE), which may contribute to the fall in blood pressure and vascular reactivity. The present study examined the effects of a synthetic analogue of 20-HETE, N-[20-hydroxyeicosa-5(Z),14(Z)-dienoyl]glycine (5,14-HEDGE), on the fall in blood pressure and vascular responsiveness to vasoscontrictors and acetylcholine in rats treated with endotoxin. The MAP fell by 31 mmHg, and the heart rate rose by 90 beats/min in male Wistar rats treated with endotoxin (10 mg/kg, intraperitoneally). The fall in MAP was associated with a decrease in the vasoconstrictor response to norepinephrine in isolated aorta and superior mesenteric artery and increased levels of nitrite in the serum, kidney, heart, and vascular tissues. The effects of endotoxin were prevented by 5,14-HEDGE (30 mg/kg, s.c.) given 1 h after injection of endotoxin. Furthermore, a competitive antagonist of vasoconstrictor effects of 20-HETE, 20-hydroxyeicosa-6(Z),15(Z)-dienoic acid (30 mg/kg, s.c.), prevented the beneficial effects of 5,14-HEDGE on MAP and vascular tone in rats treated with endotoxin. These data are consistent with the view that a fall in the production of 20-HETE contributes to the fall in MAP and vascular reactivity in rats treated with endotoxin, and that 5,14-HEDGE has a beneficial effect.
SECO: SDN sEcure COntroller algorithm for detecting and defending denial of service attacks (2017)

Software Defined Network (SDN) brings additional flexibility to the traditional network allowing the implementation of intelligent information processing. SDN introduces a new architecture, where the controller acts as the brain of the network controlling several tasks such as routing, load balancing and providing the required quality of service (QoS). However, having a centralized controller makes the network vulnerable in terms of security. This paper introduces SDN sEcure COntroller (SECO) a novel and simple detect and defense algorithm, running in the controller, for improving SDN security features under Denial of Service (DoS) attacks. The network performance during attack is tested with and without the SECO algorithm. In this paper we show by means of simulations that the DoS attacks can degrade the controller's performance and the proposed algorithm could significantly reduce the impact of such DoS attacks.
Efficient erbium-doped fiber amplifiers incorporating an optical isolator (1995)

A composite-EDFA configuration which incorporates an optical isolator has been investigated theoretically and experimentally. The isolator prevents the build-up of the backward-ASE and results in an amplifier with high gain and near-quantum-limited noise figure (NF). The optimum position of the isolator has been calculated as a function of the pump power so that minimum NF and maximum gain are achieved simultaneously. It is shown that under practical pump powers, the optimized composite EDFA exhibits a gain improvement of about 5 dB and a NF reduction in excess of 1.5 dB when compared with an optimized conventional EDFA. It is also shown that with further optimization the composite EDFA can be employed in a practical fiber link as a pre-amplifier without the use of an input isolator. Finally, a high-gain composite EDFA has been experimentally demonstrated which exhibits a gain of 51 dB (54 dB) and NF of 3.1 dB for only 435 mW (93 mW) of pump power.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Filter-Based Data Partitioning for Training Multiple Classifier Systems (2009)

Data partitioning methods such as bagging and boosting have been extensively used in multiple classifier systems. These methods have shown a great potential for improving classification accuracy. This study is concerned with the analysis of training data distribution and its impact on the performance of multiple classifier systems. In this study, several feature-based and class-based measures are proposed. These measures can be used to estimate statistical characteristics of the training partitions. To assess the effectiveness of different types of training partitions, we generated a large number of disjoint training partitions with distinctive distributions. Then, we empirically assessed these training partitions and their impact on the performance of the system by utilizing the proposed feature-based and class-based measures. We applied the findings of this analysis and developed a new partitioning method called "Clustering, Declustering, and Selection" (CDS). This study presents a comparative analysis of several existing data partitioning methods including our proposed CDS approach.
Dose-ranging study of recombinant human granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor in small-cell lung carcinoma. (1994)

rhGM-CSF at 5 to 10 micrograms/kg reduces chemotherapy-associated neutropenia and should be the dose range used in future studies.
Jointly labeling multiple sequences (2005)

We present new statistical models for jointly labeling multiple sequences and apply them to the combined task of part-of-speech tagging and noun phrase chunking. The model is based on the Factorial Hidden Markov Model (FHMM) with distributed hidden states representing part-of-speech and noun phrase sequences. We demonstrate that this joint labeling approach, by enabling information sharing between tagging/chunking subtasks, out-performs the traditional method of tagging and chunking in succession. Further, we extend this into a novel model, Switching FHMM, to allow for explicit modeling of cross-sequence dependencies based on linguistic knowledge. We report tagging/chunking accuracies for varying dataset sizes and show that our approach is relatively robust to data sparsity.