gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Two-Dimensional Optical Storage (2006)

With storage capacities increasing much faster than data rates, fast read-out of content is becoming a bottleneck for the convenient use of optical storage devices. Two-dimensional optical storage (TwoDOS) is a new concept that solves this data-rate problem by using a multi-spot parallel readout system. In addition, the storage capacity is increased with a factor of at least 2. Using the same read-out physics as in the Blu-ray disc standard, single layered 12 cm discs with capacities up to 50 GB have been read out successfully at bit-rates as high as 560 Mbit/s. Basic pillars of TwoDOS are advanced signal processing and disc mastering techniques, and a proper design of the optical path.
Hydrogen production by high-temperature water splitting using mixed oxygen ion-electron conducting membranes. (2002)

Hydrogen production from water splitting at high temperatures has been studied with novel mixed oxygen ion-electron conducting cermet membranes. Hydrogen production rates were investigated as a function of temperature, water partial pressure, membrane thickness, and oxygen chemical potential gradient across the membranes. The hydrogen production rate increased with both increasing moisture concentration and oxygen chemical potential gradient across the membranes. A maximum hydrogen production rate of 4.4 cm{sup 3}/min-cm{sup 2} (STP) was obtained with a 0.10-mm-thick membrane at 900 C in a gas containing 50 vol.% water vapor in the sweep side. Hydrogen production rate also increased with decreasing membrane thickness, but surface kinetics play an important role as membrane thickness decreases.
Nitrate residual as a key parameter to efficiently control partial denitrification coupling with anammox (2019)

Abstract Despite the increased research efforts, full‐scale implementation of shortcut nitrogen removal strategies has been challenged by the lack of consistent nitrite‐oxidizing bacteria out‐selection. This paper proposes an alternative path using partial denitrification (PdN) selection coupled with anaerobic ammonium‐oxidizing bacteria (AnAOB). A nitrate residual concentration (>2 mg N/L) was identified as the crucial factor for metabolic PdN selection using acetate as a carbon source, unlike the COD/N ratio which was often suggested. Therefore, a novel and simple acetate dosing control strategy based on maintaining a nitrate concentration was tested in the absence and presence of AnAOB, achieving PdN efficiencies above 80%. The metabolic‐based PdN selection allowed for flexibility to move between PdN and full denitrification when required to meet effluent nitrate levels. Due to the independence of this strategy on species selection and management of nitrite competition, this novel approach will guarantee nitrite availability for AnAOB under mainstream conditions unlike shortcut nitrogen removal approaches based on NOB out‐selection. Overall, a COD addition of only 2.2 g COD/g TIN removed was needed for the PdN‐AnAOB concept showing its potential for significant savings in external carbon source needs to meet low TIN effluent concentrations making this concept a competitive alternative. Practitioner points Nitrate residual is the key control parameter for partial denitrification selection. Metabolic selection allowed for flexibility of moving from partial to full denitrification. 2.2 g COD/g TIN removed was needed for partial denitrification‐anammox process.
Sound attenuation apparatus (1992)

An apparatus is disclosed for reducing acoustic transmission from mechanical or acoustic sources by means of a double wall partition, within which an acoustic pressure field is generated by at least one secondary acoustic source. The secondary acoustic source is advantageously placed within the partition, around its edges, or it may be an integral part of a wall of the partition.
Cell-Free Massive MIMO Versus Small Cells (2017)

A Cell-Free Massive MIMO (multiple-input multiple-output) system comprises a very large number of distributed access points (APs), which simultaneously serve a much smaller number of users over the same time/frequency resources based on directly measured channel characteristics. The APs and users have only one antenna each. The APs acquire channel state information through time-division duplex operation and the reception of uplink pilot signals transmitted by the users. The APs perform multiplexing/de-multiplexing through conjugate beamforming on the downlink and matched filtering on the uplink. Closed-form expressions for individual user uplink and downlink throughputs lead to max-min power control algorithms. Max-min power control ensures uniformly good service throughout the area of coverage. A pilot assignment algorithm helps to mitigate the effects of pilot contamination, but power control is far more important in that regard. Cell-Free Massive MIMO has considerably improved performance with respect to a conventional small-cell scheme, whereby each user is served by a dedicated AP, in terms of both 95%-likely per-user throughput and immunity to shadow fading spatial correlation. Under uncorrelated shadow fading conditions, the cell-free scheme provides nearly fivefold improvement in 95%-likely per-user throughput over the small-cell scheme, and tenfold improvement when shadow fading is correlated.
Light emission from polyethylene subjected to highly divergent fields (1982)

It is well known that polymers such as polyethylene can deteriorate under high electrical stress. This deterioration is usually in the form of electrical trees when the polymer is dry or water or electro-chemical trees in a wet environment. The tree initiation, before the tree becomes visible, is not fully understood. There is evidence that light is emitted during the electrical tree initiation process at both cryogenic and room temperatures [1,2]. Light has also claimed to have been detected during the growth of water trees [3]. This light has been attributed to electroluminescence or partial discharges ocurring in small voids near the needle tip. Previous studies have not attempted to detect partial discharges while measuring the light. This paper describes initial results of tests to measure simultaneously the light and partial discharge characteristics from a needle/plane electrode system in polyethylene.
Unsupervised Segmentation of Conversational Transcripts (2008)

Contact centers provide dialog based support to organizations to address various customer related issues. We have observed that the calls received at contact centers mostly follow well defined patterns. Such call flows not only specify how an agent should proceed in a call, handle objections, persuade customers, follow compliance issues, etc but also help to structure the operational process of call handling. Automatically identifying such patterns in terms of distinct segments from a collection of transcripts of conversations would improve productivity of agents as well as track compliance to guidelines. Call transcripts from call centers typically tend to be noisy owing to the noise arising from agent/caller distractions, and errors introduced by the speech recognition engine. Such noise makes classical text segmentation algorithms such as TextTiling, which work on each transcript in isolation, very inappropriate. But such noise effects become statistically insignificant over a corpus of similar calls. In this paper, we propose an algorithm to segment conversational transcripts in an unsupervised way utilizing corpus level information of similar call transcripts. We show that our approach outperforms the classical TextTiling algorithm and also describe ways to improve the segmentation using limited supervision. We discuss various ways of evaluating such an algorithm. We apply the proposed algorithm to a corpus of transcripts of calls from a car reservation call center and evaluate it using various evaluation measures. We apply segmentation to the problem of automatically checking the compliance of agents and show that our segmentation algorithm considerably improves the precision.
Improved Production of Gibberellic Acid by <i>Fusarium moniliforme </i> (2012)

<b> </b>Optimization studies for improvement in the yield of gibberellic acid production by <i>Fusarium moniliforme</i> in submerged and solid-state fermentation is the focus of this paper. In the current study, use of jatropha seed cake as substrate for solid-state fermentation resulted in an unprecedented gibberellic acid<SUB> </SUB>yield of 105 mg/g of moldy bran. A 2.5 fold increased in the titre resulting in 15 g gibberellic acid /L could also be obtained by optimization of physiological parameters in submerged fermentation. This is the first study reporting such high yield of gibberellic acid and presenting a commercially viable production process using cheap substrates.
Thermal stabilization of a microring modulator using feedback control (2012)

We describe and demonstrate the use of a feedback control system to thermally stabilize a silicon microring modulator subjected to a thermally volatile environment. Furthermore, we establish power monitoring as an effective and appropriate mechanism to infer the temperature drift of a microring modulator. Our demonstration shows that a high-performance silicon microring-based device, normally inoperable in thermally volatile environments, can maintain error-free performance when a feedback control system is implemented.
ChemInform Abstract: 99% Chirally Selective Syntheses via Pinanediol Boronic Esters: Insect Pheromones, Diols, and an Amino Alcohol. (1986)

Abstract The homologation of the chiral (+)‐pinanediol boronic esters (I) according to method A) yields the (l S)‐(1‐chloroalkyl)boronates (II) with more than 99% chiral selectivity except for the methyl compound, for which a chiral selectivity of 95.7% is found.
FIT to monitor feed quality (2015)

While there has been significant focus on collecting and managing data feeds, it is only now that attention is turning to their quality. In this paper, we propose a principled approach to online data quality monitoring in a dynamic feed environment. Our goal is to alert quickly when feed behavior deviates from expectations. We make contributions in two distinct directions. First, we propose novel enhancements to permit a publish-subscribe approach to incorporate data quality modules into the DFMS architecture. Second, we propose novel temporal extensions to standard statistical techniques to adapt them to online feed monitoring for outlier detection and alert generation at multiple scales along three dimensions: aggregation at multiple time intervals to detect at varying levels of sensitivity; multiple lengths of data history for varying the speed at which models adapt to change; and multiple levels of monitoring delay to address lagged data arrival. FIT, or Feed Inspection Tool, is the result of a successful implementation of our approach. We present several case studies outlining the effective deployment of FIT in real applications along with user testimonials.
Magnetic configuration of submicron-sized magnetic patterns in domain wall motion memory (2010)

We observed magnetic configuration and its change by external magnetic fields in submicron-sized U- and H-shaped NiFe patterns with an x-ray magnetic circular dichroism photoemission electron microscope. The microscope images showed the formation of a single domain wall (DW) with transverse structure at one corner of the U- and H-shaped patterns by applying the magnetic field from the oblique direction. By applying the magnetic field from the direction parallel to a horizontal bar in the patterns, the magnetic configuration in the U-shaped pattern was changed and four patterns were formed: (1) the DW moved from one trap site to another, (2) the DW moved beyond the trap site and formed a single domain, (3) the DW moved and stopped between the trap sites, and (4) the DW remained at the initial position. Only pattern (1) showed reversible DW motion, although pattern (2) was predominantly formed. In contrast, the magnetization configurations showed pattern (1), and reversible DW motion was observed for more than 80% of the H-shaped patterns. Micromagnetic simulation revealed that the DW in the U-shaped pattern was not sufficiently fixed at the corner and easily moved and vanished at the edge of the patterns because the magnetization in the two parallel bars rotated with a magnetic field. The DW was trapped with sufficient strength at the corner, and DW motion occurred only between the trap sites for the H-shaped patterns. The DW motion process was observed with an in situ magnetic field using the x-ray magnetic circular dichroism photoemission electron microscope and the process could be optimized by controlling the pattern shape.
Functional evaluation device capable of evaluating an artificial device by the use of acoustic emission (1990)

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Lipiarmycin, a new antibiotic from Actinoplanes. II. Isolation, chemical, bilogical and biochemical characterization. (1975)

Lipiarmycin, a metabolite of Actinoplanes deccanensis nov. sp. (PARENTI et al.), has been isolated in pure form. It has a molecular formula C52 CONGRUENT TO 54H74 CONGRUENT TO 76Cl2O19, (M.W. = 1,073 CONGRUENT TO 1,099). From its chemical and physico-chemical characteristics, lipiarmycin can be considered a new antibiotic. Lipiarmycin is highly active against Gram-positive bacteria, including strains resistant to the medically important antibiotics and protects mice experimentally infected with Streptococcus haemolyticus. Liparmycin inhibits growth of susceptible bacteria by interfering with RNA synthesis.
24- and 26-Homo-1, 25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 Analogs: Potencies on in vitro bone resorption differ from those reported for cell differentiation (1990)

It has been proposed that the stimulatory effects of 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D on bone resorption may be mediated through actions on differentiation of marrow cells into monocytic osteoclast precursors. In human promyelocytic leukemia cells (HL-60), 24- and 26-homo-1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 and their delta 22 analogs and 24,24-dihomo-1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 are 10-fold more potent than 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3, and delta 22-24,24,24-trihomo-1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 is equipotent with 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 in inducing differentiation into the monocytic phenotype. The effect of these 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 analogous on resorption of fetal rat limb bones in vitro was determined in the present study. 1,25-Dihydroxyvitamin D3 was equipotent with 24-homo-1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3, delta 22-24-homo-1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3, 26-homo-1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3, and delta 22-26-homo-1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 for in vitro bone resorption, whereas 24,24-dihomo-1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 and delta 22-24,24,24-trihomo-1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 were inactive. The failure of these analogs to show a higher bone-resorbing activity than 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 were inactive. The failure of these analogs to show a higher bone-resorbing activity than 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 provides evidence to suggest that the mechanism of 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3-induced bone resorption may not involve stimulation of monocytic cell differentiation.
Chirped-Probe-Pulse Femtosecond Coherent Anti-Stokes Raman Scattering for Single-Laser-Pulse Flame Temperature Measurements (2010)

Single-laser-pulse temperature measurements are made at 1000 Hz by femtosecond coherent anti-Stokes Raman scattering (CARS) with a chirped-probe-pulse. The temporal decay of the Raman coherence is mapped onto the frequency of the CARS signal.
PLUMENet: Efficient 3D Object Detection from Stereo Images (2021)

3D object detection is a key component of many robotic applications such as self-driving vehicles. While many approaches rely on expensive 3D sensors such as LiDAR to produce accurate 3D estimates, methods that exploit stereo cameras have recently shown promising results at a lower cost. Existing approaches tackle this problem in two steps: first depth estimation from stereo images is performed to produce a pseudo LiDAR point cloud, which is then used as input to a 3D object detector. However, this approach is suboptimal due to the representation mismatch, as the two tasks are optimized in two different metric spaces. In this paper we propose a model that unifies these two tasks and performs them in the same metric space. Specifically, we directly construct a pseudo LiDAR feature volume (PLUME) in 3D space, which is then used to solve both depth estimation and object detection tasks. Our approach achieves state-of-the-art performance with much faster inference times when compared to existing methods on the challenging KITTI benchmark.
Neutralizing Mechanisms of Two Human Monoclonal Antibodies Against Human Cytomegalovirus Glycoprotein 130/55 (1992)

The neutralization of human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) after adsorption to the cell surface at 4 degrees C was studied using two neutralizing monoclonal antibodies (C-23 and C-41) recognizing glycoprotein 130/55. HCMV adsorbed to cells was neutralized by C-23 (complement-independent), but not by C-41 (complement-dependent). Furthermore, the virus remained sensitive to C-23 for 120 min after shifting up from 4 degrees C to 37 degrees C, suggesting that C-23 might block an early stage of virus penetration into cells, and also that transition from virus attachment to virus penetration might be quite slow. The cell-to-cell infection of HCMV was also blocked only by C-23, and not by C-41. On the basis of the results presented here, we suggest that C-41 blocks the attachment of virus to the cell surface whereas C-23 prevents the penetration of virus into the cell.
Near-Infrared Raman Spectroscopy for <i>in vivo</i> Detection of Cervical Precancers (2001)

This study evaluates the potential of near-infrared Raman spectroscopy for in vivo detection of squamous dysplasia, a precursor to cervical cancer. A pilot clinical trial was carried out at three clinical sites. Raman spectra were measured from one colposcopically normal and one abnormal area of the cervix. These sites were then biopsied and submitted for routine histologic analysis. Twentyfour evaluable measurements were made in vivo in 13 patients. Cervical tissue Raman spectra contain peaks in the vicinity of 1070, 1180, 1195, 1210, 1245, 1330, 1400, 1454, 1505, 1555, 1656, and 1760 cm −1 . The ratio of intensities at 1454 to 1656 cm −1 is greater for squamous dysplasia than all other tissue types, while the ratio of intensities at 1330 to 1454 cm −1 is lower for samples with squamous dysplasia than all other tissue types. A simple algorithm based on these two intensity ratios separates high-grade squamous dysplasia from all others, misclassifying only one sample. Spectra measured in vivo resemble those measured in vitro. Cervical epithelial cells may contribute to tissue spectra at 1330 cm −1 , a region associated with DNA. In contrast, epithelial cells probably do not contribute to tissue spectra at 1454 cm −1 , a region associated with collagen and phospholipids.
Synthesis of WS<sub>2</sub>nanostructures from the reaction of WO<sub>3</sub>with CS<sub>2</sub>and mechanical characterization of WS<sub>2</sub>nanotube composites (2011)

Tungsten disulfide (WS(2)) nanometer sheets, spheres, fibers and tubes were generated by a synthetic pathway that avoids the use of H(2)S as the source of sulfur and employs instead CS(2) vapor, carried by an Ar or N(2)/H(2) stream in a heated tubular furnace, for the reaction with WO(3) precursor powders. The experiments were conducted at temperatures between 700 and 1000 °C, while the reaction times expanded between 30 min and 24 h. Characterization methods used to analyze the products of the synthesis include TEM, SEM, XRD and EDX. We found a strong correlation between precursor and product microstructure, although the temperature and reaction times play a critical role in the products' microstructural features as well. WS(2) inorganic fullerene (IF) nanospheres are generated in a wide window of conditions, while nanotubes and nanofibers are only produced at high temperatures or long reaction times. A proposed growth mechanism based on the CS(2) synthetic approach is presented. Nanoindentation and nano-impulse techniques were used to characterize the mechanical properties of polymer matrix-WS(2) nanotube composites, finding them superior to equivalent SWCNT composites. The improvements in toughness of nanocomposites based on WS(2) can be attributed to geometrical and morphological effects that assisted several toughening mechanisms such as crack pinning and the formation of an immobilized polymeric interphase around the nanotubes.
Automated reassembly of file fragmented images using greedy algorithms (2006)

The problem of restoring deleted files from a scattered set of fragments arises often in digital forensics. File fragmentation is a regular occurrence in hard disks, memory cards, and other storage media. As a result, a forensic analyst examining a disk may encounter many fragments of deleted digital files, but is unable to determine the proper sequence of fragments to rebuild the files. In this paper, we investigate the specific case where digital images are heavily fragmented and there is no file table information by which a forensic analyst can ascertain the correct fragment order to reconstruct each image. The image reassembly problem is formulated as a k-vertex disjoint graph problem and reassembly is then done by finding an optimal ordering of fragments. We provide techniques for comparing fragments and describe several algorithms for image reconstruction based on greedy heuristics. Finally, we provide experimental results showing that images can be reconstructed with high accuracy even when there are thousands of fragments and multiple images involved.
Advanced thermochemical hydrogen cycles (1981)

The overall objective of this program is to contribute to the development of practical thermochemical cycles for the production of hydrogen from water. Specific goals are: investigate and evaluate the technical and economic viability of thermochemical cycles as an advanced technology for producing hydrogen from water; investigate and evaluate the engineering principles involved in interfacing individual thermochemical cycles with the different thermal energy sources (high temperature fission, solar, and fusion); and conduct a continuing research and development effort to evaluate the use of solid sulfates, oxides and other compounds as potentially advanced cycles and as alternates to H/sub 2/SO/sub 4/ based cycles. Basic thermochemistry studies have been completed for two different steps in the decomposition of bismuth sulfate. Two different bismuth sulfate cycles have been defined for different sulfuric acid strengths. The eventual best cycle will depend on energy required to form sulfuric acid at different concentrations. A solids decomposition facility has been constructed and practical studies of solid decompositions are being conducted. The facility includes a rotary kiln system and a dual-particle fluidized bed system. Evaluation of different types of cycles for coupling with different heat sources is continuing.
The MOS-gated emitter switched thyristor (1990)

A monolithic device structure for obtaining MOS-gate-controlled turn-off of a thyristor is described. The device, called the emitter switched thyristor (EST), is designed so that the thyristor current flows through an enhancement-mode MOSFET, integrated into the base region of the thyristor, during the on state. Although this results in a small (0.25 V) increase in the forward voltage drop, it is demonstrated that excellent turn-off characteristics can be obtained, with typical turn-off of less than 1 mu s.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>