gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
The Impact of Residual Renal Function on Hospitalization and Mortality in Incident Hemodialysis Patients (2011)

RRF is associated with significantly reduced mortality and hospital days, but does not decrease the hospitalization rate and time to first hospitalization.
Safety, Tolerability, Pharmacokinetics, and Efficacy of Terlipressin Delivered by Continuous Intravenous Infusion in Patients with Cirrhosis and Refractory Ascites (2022)

Background. Terlipressin is a long acting synthetic analogue of vasopressin, which is used to manage variceal bleeding and hepatorenal syndrome. Terlipressin is being developed to treat refractory ascites in cirrhotic patients who are no longer responsive to diuretic drugs and require repeated paracentesis. This study evaluated the safety, tolerability, pharmacokinetics (PK), and efficacy of a continuous intravenous (IV) infusion of terlipressin as an outpatient treatment for refractory ascites in patients with advanced liver cirrhosis. Methods. This was an open-label Phase 2a trial. Patients received a continuous IV infusion of terlipressin 2 mg/day escalating to 4 mg/d during an initial 7-day inpatient period, followed by 21 days as outpatients. The PK, safety/tolerability, and effects on the need for and volume of paracentesis were evaluated. Results. Four of 6 patients experienced ≥50% increase in the interval between large volume paracenteses (LVP) with terlipressin. The volume of ascites removed by LVP in the 28-day treatment period was reduced in all patients by ≥30% compared with pretreatment. Terlipressin was rapidly eliminated with a mean half-life of 42.3 minutes, mean clearance of 5.6 mL/min/kg, and volume of distribution of 0.33 L/kg. Average steady state plasma concentrations ranged from 1.69 to 5.55 ng/mL and increased proportionally with increasing dose. Three (50.0%) patients reported treatment-related adverse events, but none were serious. Conclusion. Continuous terlipressin IV infusion improved control of refractory ascites with an acceptable safety and predictable PK profile. Further evaluation of terlipressin is warranted in a randomized controlled trial for treating refractory ascites and related complications of cirrhosis.
Metamaterial-based high-power microwave radiation sources (2015)

We propose a metamaterial slow-wave structure (SWS) which is composed of a circular waveguide periodically loaded with complementary electric split ring resonators (CeSRRs). The high-frequency characteristics of the metamaterial SWS have been studied, and the simulation results reveal that it is a kind of SWS of higher interaction impedance. An S-band metamaterial microwave radiation source is calculated by particle-in-cell (PIC) simulation, the results show that it is a potential high-power microwave radiation source.
Design and fabrication of broadband EUV multilayer mirrors (2002)

Multilayer mirrors with a significantly increased bandwidth in spectral and angular reflectance have been designed and deposited with a commercial magnetron sputtering system. A non-periodic multilayer design based on the thickness optimization of each layer by a stochastic method is compared to a design which consists of 3 different stacks. The EUV reflection of the samples was investigated with synchrotron radiation at the reflectometer of the PTB (Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt) at BESSY II in Berlin. A reflectivity of more than 15 percent was reached in the whole wavelength range from 13 nm to 15 nm and a reflectivity of more than 30 percent was obtained for incidence angles from 0 degrees to 20 degrees with both designs. The increase in bandwidth is unavoidably connected with a decrease of peak reflectivity. Therefore, the application of such mirrors involves areas where a maximum peak reflectivity is not required, e.g. in EUV spectroscopy and for the metrology for EUV sources. Furthermore, the use of such mirrors in combination with a broadband plasma source will result in a higher integral reflectivity.
SPICE modelling of magnetic tunnel junctions written by spin-transfer torque (2010)

Spintronics aims at extending the possibility of conventional electronics by using not only the charge of the electron but also its spin. The resulting spintronic devices, combining the front-end complementary metal oxide semiconductor technology of electronics with a magnetic back-end technology, employ magnetic tunnel junctions (MTJs) as core elements. With the intent of simulating a circuit without fabricating it first, a reliable MTJ electrical model which is applicable to the standard SPICE (Simulation Program with Integrated Circuit Emphasis) simulator is required. Since such a model was lacking so far, we present a MTJ SPICE model whose magnetic state is written by using the spin-transfer torque effect. This model has been developed in the C language and validated on the Cadence Virtuoso Platform with a Spectre simulator. Its operation is similar to that of the standard BSIM (Berkeley Short-channel IGFET Model) SPICE model of the MOS transistor and fully compatible with the SPICE electrical simulator. The simulation results obtained using this model have been found in good accord with those theoretical macrospin calculations and results.
M<sub>2</sub>(<i>m</i>-dobdc) (M = Mg, Mn, Fe, Co, Ni) Metal–Organic Frameworks Exhibiting Increased Charge Density and Enhanced H<sub>2</sub> Binding at the Open Metal Sites (2014)

The well-known frameworks of the type M2(dobdc) (dobdc(4-) = 2,5-dioxido-1,4-benzenedicarboxylate) have numerous potential applications in gas storage and separations, owing to their exceptionally high concentration of coordinatively unsaturated metal surface sites, which can interact strongly with small gas molecules such as H2. Employing a related meta-functionalized linker that is readily obtained from resorcinol, we now report a family of structural isomers of this framework, M2(m-dobdc) (M = Mg, Mn, Fe, Co, Ni; m-dobdc(4-) = 4,6-dioxido-1,3-benzenedicarboxylate), featuring exposed M(2+) cation sites with a higher apparent charge density. The regioisomeric linker alters the symmetry of the ligand field at the metal sites, leading to increases of 0.4-1.5 kJ/mol in the H2 binding enthalpies relative to M2(dobdc). A variety of techniques, including powder X-ray and neutron diffraction, inelastic neutron scattering, infrared spectroscopy, and first-principles electronic structure calculations, are applied in elucidating how these subtle structural and electronic differences give rise to such increases. Importantly, similar enhancements can be anticipated for the gas storage and separation properties of this new family of robust and potentially inexpensive metal-organic frameworks.
New and improved apparatus and method for monitoring the intensities of charged-particle beams (1981)

Charged particle beam monitoring means are disposed in the path of a charged particle beam in an experimental device. The monitoring means comprise a beam monitoring component which is operable to prevent passage of a portion of beam, while concomitantly permitting passage of another portion thereof for incidence in an experimental chamber, and providing a signal (I/sub m/) indicative of the intensity of the beam portion which is not passed. Caibration means are disposed in the experimental chamber in the path of the said another beam portion and are operable to provide a signal (I/sub f/) indicative of the intensity thereof. Means are provided to determine the ratio (R) between said signals whereby, after suitable calibration, the calibration means may be removed from the experimental chamber and the intensity of the said another beam portion determined by monitoring of the monitoring means signal, per se.
Effects of Influenza A Virus NS1 Protein on Protein Expression: the NS1 Protein Enhances Translation and Is Not Required for Shutoff of Host Protein Synthesis (2002)

The influenza A virus NS1 protein, a virus-encoded alpha/beta interferon (IFN-alpha/beta) antagonist, appears to be a key regulator of protein expression in infected cells. We now show that NS1 protein expression results in enhancement of reporter gene activity from transfected plasmids. This effect appears to be mediated at the translational level, and it is reminiscent of the activity of the adenoviral virus-associated I (VAI) RNA, a known inhibitor of the antiviral, IFN-induced, PKR protein. To study the effects of the NS1 protein on viral and cellular protein synthesis during influenza A virus infection, we used recombinant influenza viruses lacking the NS1 gene (delNS1) or expressing truncated NS1 proteins. Our results demonstrate that the NS1 protein is required for efficient viral protein synthesis in COS-7 cells. This activity maps to the amino-terminal domain of the NS1 protein, since cells infected with wild-type virus or with a mutant virus expressing a truncated NS1 protein-lacking approximately half of its carboxy-terminal end-showed similar kinetics of viral and cellular protein expression. Interestingly, no major differences in host cell protein synthesis shutoff or in viral protein expression were found among NS1 mutant viruses in Vero cells. Thus, another viral component(s) different from the NS1 protein is responsible for the inhibition of host protein synthesis during viral infection. In contrast to the earlier proposal suggesting that the NS1 protein regulates the levels of spliced M2 mRNA, no effects on M2 protein accumulation were seen in Vero cells infected with delNS1 virus.
Activated Alzheimer Disease Platelets Retain More Beta Amyloid Precursor Protein (1997)

Upon activation, platelet alpha-granules' soluble contents are secreted and membrane-bound contents are translocated to the plasma membrane. Membrane-bound proteins include the beta-amyloid precursor protein (APP) from which the beta-amyloid (A beta) deposits found surrounding the cerebrovasculature of patients with Alzheimer's Disease (AD) may originate. We show here that activated platelets from AD patients exhibit less APP processing, retain more of the protein on their surface, and secrete less as soluble fragments than do controls. Surface labeling demonstrated that there is little APP or CD62 on the surface of resting platelets. Upon activation, control platelets exhibited more of both proteins on their surface, while advanced AD patients exhibited similar amounts of CD62 as controls, but retained significantly more surface APP. AD platelets secreted similar amounts of most soluble alpha-granule contents as controls, but less APP fragments. Together these results suggest a processing defect that may account for greater deposition of A beta-containing products in the vasculature to which activated platelets adhere.
A PRACTICAL SYNTHESIS OF MYRCENOL BY PALLADIUM COMPLEX-CATALYZED ELIMINATION REACTION (1986)

Abstract A Palladium complex-catalyzed elimination reaction of allyl amines was studied to establish a practical process for production of myrcenol. The catalytic elimination occurred smoothly with the cationic Pd(II) complexes. Among a variety phosphorous ligands, the tetramethylene and the pentamethylene diphosphine ligands proved to be the best ligand with respects to the catalytic activity and selectivity.
3D stacking of chips with electrical and microfluidic I/O interconnects (2008)

Motivations for three-dimensional (3D) integration include reduction in system size, interconnect delay, power dissipation and enabling hyper-integration of chips fabricated using disparate process technologies. Although various low-power commercial products exploit the advantages of improved performance and increased device packing density realized by 3D stacking of chips (using wirebonds), such technologies are not suitable for high-performance chips due to ineffective power delivery and heat removal. This is important because high performance chips are projected to dissipate more than 100 W/cm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> and require more than 100 A of supply current. Consequently, when such chips are stacked, the challenges in power delivery and cooling become greatly exacerbated. Thus, revolutionary interconnection and packaging technologies will be needed to address these limits [Bakir, et. al., (2007)]. This paper reports, for the first time, the configuration, fabrication, and experimental results of a 3D integration platform that can support the power delivery, signaling, and heat removal requirements for high-performance chips. The key behind this 3D platform is the ability to process integrate, at the wafer-level, electrical and microfluidic interconnection networks on the wafer containing the electrical circuitry and assemble such chips using conventional flip-chip technology.
Printed polymer and a‐Si TFT backplanes for flexible displays (2005)

Abstract The need for low cost, flexible, thin film transistor (TFT) display backplanes has focused attention on new processing techniques and materials. We report the development of TFT backplane technology based entirely on jet‐printing, using a combination of additive and subtractive processing, to print active materials or etch masks. The technique eliminates the use of photolithography and has the potential to reduce the array manufacturing cost. The printing technique is demonstrated with both amorphous silicon and polymer semiconductor TFT arrays, and we show results of small prototype displays.
Liquid Phase Immunoassay Using AC Susceptibility Measurement of Magnetic Markers (2009)

AC susceptibility measurement of magnetic markers in solution was applied to biological immunoassays. In this method, the markers that bound to biological target can be detected in the presence of unbound markers. The bound markers were distinguished from the unbound ones by using their different frequency dependence of susceptibility. We detected biotin-conjugated polymer beads with avidin-coated Fe3O4 markers. Changes of the susceptibility caused by the binding reaction between them were shown. Good relationship was obtained between the decrease of susceptibility and the number of polymer beads. Sensitivity of the system was estimated as 3×10-16 mol/ml in terms of molecular-number concentration.
Regulated expression of apolipoprotein E by human retinal pigment epithelial cells (2004)

In early age-related macular degeneration (AMD), lipid-containing deposits (drusen) accumulate in Bruch's membrane underlying the retinal pigment epithelium (RPE). Recent studies indicate that apolipoprotein E (apoE) may play a role in lipid trafficking in AMD. Compared with the apoE3 allele, the apoE4 and apoE2 alleles are associated with decreased and increased risk for AMD, respectively; drusen contain high levels of apoE, and apoE null mice develop lipid deposits in Bruch's membrane similar to those observed in AMD. Primary cultures of human RPE cells expressing the apoE3 allele were grown on Transwell culture plates. Western blotting, ELISA assay, and mass spectrometry confirmed that apoE3 was secreted into the apical and basal chambers and that secretion was upregulated by thyroid hormone, 9-cis-retinoic acid, and 22(R)-hydroxycholesterol. In addition, basally secreted apoE associated with exogenously added HDL. These results indicate that apoE secretion can be regulated by specific hormones and that apoE associates with HDL. The findings are consistent with a role for apoE in lipid trafficking through Bruch's membrane and may be relevant to AMD.
A Battery Balancing Auxiliary Power Module With Predictive Control for Electrified Transportation (2017)

This paper proposes the integration of the auxiliary power module (APM) and nondissipative balancing hardware of a high-voltage battery. The proposed battery-balancing APM is projected to reduce the costs of nondissipative battery balancing by providing two functionalities: balancing of the high-voltage battery cells and charging of the low-voltage battery. This paper proposes two model predictive control strategies that address simultaneous balancing and charging. Both approaches make unbalanced charge available that increases the effective capacity of the high-voltage battery. The monolithic controller solves the balancing and charging problem as a single optimization problem. In contrast, the decoupled controller defines a separate control law for charging to achieve a higher bandwidth, e.g., for systems without dedicated low-voltage battery. The battery-balancing APM concept is validated on a software-in-the-loop and experimental test bench.
New Methodology for Density and Water Content by Time Domain Reflectometry (2012)

This paper provides a new methodology for determining soil water content and density under different compaction energies. A new calibration equation was introduced making use of the voltage drop associated with the first passage of the electromagnetic wave through the soil specimen, the final voltage level after wave propagation ceases, and dry density normalized by the density of water. The new calibration equation allows for the direct calculation of dry density. Values of dry density are then used in the normalized apparent dielectric constant equation to determine the water content. Results of numerous laboratory tests on a wide variety of soils (including coarse-grained soils) showed that the proposed method accommodates different levels of compaction energy. The method also was validated with different field tests at sites commonly used in geotechnical earthwork construction, using soil-specific model coefficients determined from laboratory compaction tests. The results of this study indicate that the new calibration relationships appear relatively independent of the effects of compaction energy and of probe configuration in time domain reflectometry (TDR) testing. The proposed method presents an improvement to the one-step TDR method.
Smartphone Detection of UV LED-Enhanced Particle Immunoassay on Paper Microfluidics (2016)

Use of a smartphone as an optical detector for paper microfluidic devices has recently gained substantial attention due to its simplicity, ease of use, and handheld capability. Utilization of a UV light source enhances the optical signal intensities, especially for the particle immunoagglutination assay that has typically used visible or ambient light. Such enhancement is essential for true assimilation of assays to field deployable and point-of-care applications by greatly reducing the effects by independent environmental factors. This work is the first demonstration of using a UV LED (UVA) to enhance the Mie scatter signals from the particle immunoagglutination assay on the paper microfluidic devices and subsequent smartphone detection. Smartphone's CMOS camera can recognize the UVA scatter from the paper microfluidic channels efficiently in its green channel. For an Escherichia coli assay, the normalized signal intensities increased up to 50% from the negative signal with UV LED, compared with the 4% to 7% with ambient light. Detection limit was 10 colony-forming units/mL. Similar results were obtained in the presence of 10% human whole blood.
Mixed Ionic Electronic Conductors for Improved Charge Transport in Electrotherapeutic Devices (2017)

Electrotherapeutic devices require an electrode for coupling with the body. The most common electrodes are made of conducting corrosion resistance materials (e.g., TiN, Ir-IrO2, Pt) plus a coupling layer (e.g., electrolyte). The electrode is the location where redox reaction take place between the device and the tissue. As such, it must conduct both electrons and ions. The reactions can be capacitive, involving the charging and discharging of the electrode-electrolyte double layer, or faradaic. Capacitive charge-injection is more desirable than faradic charge-injection because no chemical species are created or consumed during a stimulation pulse. Most noble metal based electrodes are faradic or pseudo-capacitive, which can lead to performance changes over time. In addition, under the high rate of charge injection and high current density conditions of a neuromuscular stimulation pulse, access to all the accessible charges is limited by the interfacial resistance and low surface area at the electrode [1]. A particularly critical point is the passage of current between the surface of the skin and the electrical contact connected by wire to the device, which requires a low stable resistance that does not vary with time, humidity [2]. We have developed new hybrid mixed-ionic-electronic conductors (MIECs) that have the potential to overcome these deficiencies. The MIECs are an interconnected network of electrical and ionic conductors in an elastomeric matrix that provide: (1) high surface area for efficient capacitive charge-discharge; (2) high ionic conductivity for low interfacial resistance; (3) low ohmic resistance; and (4) excellent flexibility and toughness. Carbon nanotubes (CNTs) are the electrical conductors in the MIEC and hyaluronic acid (HA), along with moisture and ions, is the ionic conductor. Unlike the current state-of-the-art, conducting noble metals, this system exhibits good mechanical properties, high conductivity (up to 3000 mS/cm), high moisture retention (up to 100wt%) and high ion mobility, leading to facile electrode kinetics. This simple yet efficient system is promising for the fabrication of a variety of high performance flexible electrodes.
Fair Scheduling in OFDMA-based Wireless Systems with QoS Constraints (2007)

In this work we consider the problem of downlink resource allocation for proportional fairness of long term received rates of data users and quality of service for real time sessions in an OFDMA-based wireless system. The base station allocates available power and bandwidth to individual users based on long term average received rates, QoS based rate constraints and channel conditions. We solve the underlying constrained optimization problem and propose an algorithm that achieves the optimal allocation. Numerical evaluation results show that the proposed algorithm provides better QoS to voice and video sessions while providing more and fair rates to data users in comparison with existing schemes.
Removal of nitrogen compounds from lubricating oils (1982)

Anhydrous hydrogen chloride adsorbed on a solid sorbent is an effective reagent for reducing the nitrogen content of lubricating oil base stocks to very low levels. The removal of nitrogen compounds is selective and does not change the sulfur content of the stock. Color and oxidative stability are improved. Amorphous silica-alumina is the preferred solid support. It can be regenerated without loss of adsorptive capacity, the adsorbed hydrogen chloride removes an equimolar amount of nitrogen compounds from the base stock. The oil to be processed is dehydrated and the processed at 100/sup 0/C. Molecular sieves are used to insure that the oil is acid free. 8 tables.
Structured LDPC codes from permutation matrices free of small trapping sets (2010)

This paper introduces a class of structured low-density parity-check (LDPC) codes whose parity check matrices are arrays of permutation matrices. The permutation matrices are obtained from Latin squares and form a finite field under some matrix operations. They are chosen so that the Tanner graphs do not contain subgraphs harmful to iterative decoding algorithms. The construction of column-weight-three codes is presented. Although the codes are optimized for the Gallager A/B algorithm over the binary symmetric channel (BSC), their error performance is very good on the additive white Gaussian noise channel (AWGNC) as well.