gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A Survey of Rate Adaptation Techniques for Dynamic Adaptive Streaming Over HTTP (2017)

With companies such as Netflix and YouTube accounting for more than 50% of the peak download traffic on North American fixed networks in 2015, video streaming represents a significant source of Internet traffic. Multimedia delivery over the Internet has evolved rapidly over the past few years. The last decade has seen video streaming transitioning from User Datagram Protocol to Transmission Control Protocol-based technologies. Dynamic adaptive streaming over HTTP (DASH) has recently emerged as a standard for Internet video streaming. A range of rate adaptation mechanisms are proposed for DASH systems in order to deliver video quality that matches the throughput of dynamic network conditions for a richer user experience. This survey paper looks at emerging research into the application of client-side, server-side, and in-network rate adaptation techniques to support DASH-based content delivery. We provide context and motivation for the application of these techniques and review significant works in the literature from the past decade. These works are categorized according to the feedback signals used and the end-node that performs or assists with the adaptation. We also provide a review of several notable video traffic measurement and characterization studies and outline open research questions in the field.
Fiber Optic Couplers. (1979)

Abstract : This report is the final report on a one-year technology development program for active and passive fiber optic coupler components. The passive coupler effort consisted primarily of the development of packaging method for coupler type developed previously under contract No.F33615-77-C-1058. The active coupler effort explored techniques of obtaining active switching and modulation for multimode data bus applications. (Author)
Intraspinal Stem Cell Transplantation in Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (2012)

Our experience in 12 patients supports the procedural safety of unilateral and bilateral intraspinal lumbar microinjection. Completion of this phase I safety trial is planned by proceeding to cervical and combined cervical + lumbar microinjections in ALS patients.
A Low-Voltage Single-Supply Level Converter for Sub-VTH /Super-VTH Operation: 0. 3V to 1. 2V (2013)

Digital sub-threshold circuits are significant for ultra-low power (ULP) applications. Operating circuits at ultra-low voltage levels leads to the less power per operation. An optimized method is separating the logic blocks based on performance requirement and utilizing multiple-supply voltage (VDD) for each blocks. In order to prevent an enormous static current in these multi-VDD circuits, voltage level converters are required. The advantages of single-supply level converter (SSLC) over dual-supply level converter (DSLC) are on the grounds of pin count, congestion in supply routing, complexity and overall system cost. In this paper, a novel sub-threshold single-supply voltage level converter (S_SSLC) based on dynamically-controlled body biasing technique is presented. In this work, a dynamically-controlled body biasing is utilized for setting the threshold voltages of the transistors in order to reduce the delay. This dynamic design can convert an input signal at sub-threshold/superthreshold region ranging from 0.3v-1.2v to 1.2v as output. Simulation results at 180nm CMOS technology node demonstrate the superiority of the proposed design compared to the conventional SSLC designs.
Self-Ordering of Anodic Porous Alumina Induced by Local Current Concentration: Burning (2004)

The self-ordering behavior of porous anodic alumina induced by the burning phenomenon on the specimen where extremely high and local current concentrations occurred was studied. The domains of highly self-ordered cell arrangement were found at the locally thickened film formed by burning. At the center of the burnt area, the regularity of cell arrangement was higher and the barrier layer thickness as well as the cell size was remarkably lower. These results clearly suggest that the condition inducing film growth under high current density, i.e., high electric field is the key factor determining the self-ordering. © 2004 The Electrochemical Society. All rights reserved.
Continuous flow separation techniques for microchemical synthesis (2005)

Thesis (Ph. D.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Chemical Engineering, February 2006.
Liquid-crystalline multiblock copolymers based on perfluoroethylene oxides (2006)

LC multiblock copolymers containing mesogen fragments of LC blocks in the backbone and perfluoroethylene oxide blocks with molecular masses of 1000–4000 have been synthesized. The phase behavior of the copolymers has been investigated by optical polarization microscopy and differential scanning calorimetry.
Secure Networking for Virtual Machines in the Cloud (2012)

Cloud computing improves utilization and flexibility of allocating computing resources while reducing the infrastructural costs. However, cloud technology is still proprietary in many cases and is tainted by security issues rooted in the multi-tenant environment of the cloud. For instance, the virtual machines of two competing companies could be served by the same underlying host machine in an Infrastructure as a Service (IaaS) type of cloud and this represents a security threat to be addressed. As a solution to this multi-tenancy problem, the Host Identity Protocol (HIP) offers a standardized way to authenticate and protect data flows between tenants belonging to the same security domain. In this paper, we have experimented with HIP in order to address the multi-tenant challenges for public and hybrid IaaS clouds. In our design, developers and administrators can access cloud services directly over HIP, whereas consumers access the cloud without HIP using a reverse HTTP proxy. The proxy also acts as a load balancer for a distributed test service deployed both in an EC2 public cloud and a private cloud. The performance of the system offers efficiency comparable to SSL and essentially utilizes the same cryptographic algorithms with similar processing costs. Consequently, this implies that the proposed scheme is a viable alternative to mitigate some of the privacy issues related to multi-tenancy within a single data center and to secure communications between two clouds in the case of a hybrid cloud.
Ligand‐Enabled Auxiliary‐Free <i>meta</i>‐C−H Arylation of Phenylacetic Acids (2017)

Abstract The meta ‐C−H arylation of free phenylacetic acid was realized using 2‐carbomethoxynorbornene (NBE‐CO 2 Me) as a transient mediator. Both the modified norbornene and the mono‐protected 3‐amino‐2‐hydroxypyridine type ligand are crucial for this auxiliary‐free meta ‐C−H arylation reaction. A series of phenylacetic acids, including mandelic acid and phenylglycine, react smoothly with various aryl iodides to provide the meta ‐arylated products in high yields.
Principle and Application of Differential Spectroradiometry (1991)

Differential spectroradiometry is based on the determination and analysis of the differential spectral response of photoelectric devices in the presence of bias irradiance that can be varied with wavelength and over many orders of magnitude. The principle is described. Differential spectroradiometry is particularly suitable for the following applications that are reviewed or illustrated by some examples: determination of spectral and weighted responsivities allowing the transfer of the spectral responsivity scale to high levels of irradiance; determination of nonlinearities in the photocurrent-irradiance characteristic; non-destructive characterization of photoinduced effects.
Late Extended Adjuvant Treatment With Letrozole Improves Outcome in Women With Early-Stage Breast Cancer Who Complete 5 Years of Tamoxifen (2008)

Interpretation of this cohort analysis suggests that LET improves DFS and distant DFS even when there has been a substantial period of time since the discontinuation of prior adjuvant tamoxifen.
Site-Directed Surface Derivatization of MCM-41: Use of High-Resolution Transmission Electron Microscopy and Molecular Recognition for Determining the Position of Functionality within Mesoporous Materials (1998)

The “staining” cluster–crown compound [Ru6C(CO)14(η6-C6H4C10H20O6)] verifies that the internal walls of mesoporous silica MCM-41 may be selectively functionalized with propylammonium groups (see picture). By the use of high-resolution transmission electron microscopy the presence and position of the cluster and also of the functional groups may be directly determined.
Traditionelle Spektralschätzung (1998)

Das Spektrum eines stochastischen Prozesses ist durch die Wiener-Khintchine Beziehung (2.7.1) erklärt. Sie verknüpft die Autokorrelationsfolge und die spektrale Leistungsdichte über die Fourier-Transformation. Die Spektralschätzung wird somit eng im Zusammenhang mit der Schätzung der Autokorrelationsfolge stehen.
27.5 A 91%-Efficiency Envelope-Tracking Modulator Using Hysteresis-Controlled Three-Level Switching Regulator and Slew-Rate-Enhanced Linear Amplifier for LTE-80MHz Applications (2019)

Envelope tracking (ET) is widely used to improve the efficiency of linear power amplifiers (PAs) in applications such as LTE, LTE-Advanced inter- or intra-band carrier aggregation (CA), and for high-speed uplink packet access (HSUPA) with a high peak-to-average power ratio (PAPR). The hybrid ET modulator (ETM), where an efficient switching regulator (SWR) operates in parallel with a fast class-AB linear amplifier (LA), is one method to address the bandwidth (BW), power-efficiency and output ripple requirements.
Figaro, hair detection and segmentation in the wild (2016)

Hair is one of the elements that mostly characterize people appearance. Being able to detect hair in images can be useful in many applications, such as face recognition, gender classification, and video surveillance. To this purpose we propose a novel multi-class image database for hair detection in the wild, called Figaro. We tackle the problem of hair detection without relying on a-priori information related to head shape and location. Without using any human-body part classifier, we first classify image patches into hair vs. non-hair by relying on Histogram of Gradients (HOG) and Linear Ternary Pattern (LTP) texture features in a random forest scheme. Then we obtain results at pixel level by refining classified patches by a graph-based multiple segmentation method. Achieved segmentation accuracy (85%) is comparable to state-of-the-art on less challenging databases.
A recursively structured solution for handwriting and speech recognition (2002)

This paper extends the basic theory of DAGs (Directed Acyclic Graphs) and their DAG-Compare operation to produce a recursive architecture for language recognition systems. Building upon theory and practical implementation, we treat the cases of multiple interacting levels of language recognition. We propose that DAG data structure and its complementary comparison operation are a structural inductive step for a recursive system architecture. We further propose that a recursive system architecture: 1) divide-and-conquers system design at each level of language recognition and seamlessly integrates different levels of contextual information, 2) allows improvements on core algorithms to have a global and compound system improvement, 3) is amenable for high parallelism and 4) can trade off speed for accuracy. We have implemented a simple prototype cursive word recognition system with two levels of recursive structure and a simple DFT basis. The system integrates a curve matching algorithm, letter recognizer and a full dictionary search and interface to grammar checker. Our cursive word recognizer has good, robust performance (93.6%/98.4%, top 1 and top 2 choices word recognition rate, respectively) which can be further improved with training.
Membrane association of myotubularin-related protein 2 is mediated by a pleckstrin homology-GRAM domain and a coiled-coil dimerization module (2003)

Mutations in the myotubularin (MTM)-related protein 2 (MTMR2) gene are responsible for the severe autosomal recessive neuropathy Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease type 4B1. MTMR2 belongs to the MTM family of dual-specific phosphatases that use phosphatidylinositol (PI) 3,5-bisphosphate [PI(3,5)P2] and PI 3-phosphate [PI(3)P] as their substrate. Because these substrates are localized in the membrane bilayer, membrane targeting of Mtmr2 is an important regulatory mechanism. In hypoosmotically stressed COS cells with increased levels of PI(3,5)P2, Mtmr2 is bound to the membrane of vacuoles formed under these conditions. Using several mutant forms of Mtmr2, we identified two domains that are necessary for membrane association: (i) A pleckstrin homology-GRAM domain; and (ii) a coiled-coil module. Protein-lipid overlay assays show that the pleckstrin homology-GRAM domain binds to PI(3,5)P2 and PI(5)P, a substrate and a product of the Mtmr2 enzyme, respectively. We also demonstrate that Mtmr2 forms a dimer and that the C-terminal coiled-coil is responsible for homodimerization, in addition to membrane association. Our data indicate that phosphoinositide-protein interactions, as well as protein-protein interactions, are necessary for the correct regulation of MTMR2.
Out-of-field scatter estimation in 3D whole body PET (2009)

Many implementations of model based scatter correction (MBSC) are based on the single scatter simulation (SSS) formulation within the scan field-of-view (FOV). A fully 3D approach that models both the axial and trans-axial scatter components can accurately model scatter from hot regions in neighboring slices and outside the scan FOV resulting in greater quantitative accuracy. Herein we discuss how to incorporate the estimation of out-of-field scatter in fully 3D MBSC.
Reconstruction of a maxillary defect with a fibula graft and titanium mesh using CAD/CAM techniques. (2010)

We present a case of maxillary and orbital floor reconstruction with a microvascular fibula graft and an individualized titanium mesh. Both were planned virtually; templates were made by rapid prototyping. The postoperative computer tomography scans showed that the planned positions were achieved correctly. This case report illustrates maxillary reconstruction performed with a special template technique and demonstrates the possibilities of computer aided design/computer aided manufacturing (CAD/CAM) applications in reconstructive surgery.
Virtual Power Plants - general review : structure, application and optimization (2012)

In the article information about Virtual Power Plant (VPP) are gathered and presented. There is lots of paper which put attention to the new concept of generation and management of energy. The VPP concept is mainly an answer for growing up number of installed Renewable Energy Sources (RES). Nowadays where everything is 'smart' a concept of smart controlled Decentralized Energy Resources (DER) is worthy of considering. This artlicle is a review of some VPP idea and gives general pack of information about VPP. Some VPP structure and control methods are described. Test fields of VPP are presented too. In the end a short conclusion about VPP is showed.
Recent advances in mixed‐mode chromatographic stationary phases (2018)

Mixed-mode phases have become very popular in the last decade, and the number of new mixed/multi-mode sorbents is growing fast. Unlike single-mode stationary phases, perfectly suited for the separation of the analytes possessing similar physicochemical properties, for instance reversed-phase chromatography for hydrophobic solutes, mixed-mode sorbents providing multimodal interactions can render better separation selectivity for complex mixtures of solutes differing significantly in their physicochemical characteristics. The most frequent modern mixed-mode stationary phases are di/tri-mode sorbents embracing the following interactions, hydrophobic, electrostatic (coulombic), and hydrophilic. According to their structures, it is possible to distinguish silica-based, polymer-based, hybrid, and monolithic mixed-mode stationary phases. Herewith, newly synthesized mixed-mode sorbents developed within the last two and half years are categorized, discussed, and summarized. The main attention is devoted to the description of the synthetic routes and characterization methods applied for the new stationary phases.
Massivizing Multi-player Online Games on Clouds (2013)

Massively Multiplayer Online Games (MMOGs) are an important type of distributed applications and have millions of users. Traditionally, MMOGs are hosted on dedicated clusters, distributed globally. With the advent of cloud computing, MMOGs such as Zynga's are increasingly run on cloud resources, through the use of cloud technology and innovation. Massivizing MMOGs on clouds is the focus of my PhD research. My main contributions are: 1) analyzing and modeling various MMOG workloads, including those of social and traditional real-time games, 2) designing and implementing a cost-efficient and reliable cloud-based MMOG platform, 3) designing and implementing a scalable MMOG system which employs domain-specific scaling techniques to support the real time strategy games of the future, 4) experimental prototypes and tools to evaluate our proposed research via real-world experimentation and simulation, and applying our proposed research to a popular real-world application. In this article, I introduce my research progress and my future plans.
Bacteriophage Therapy Rescues Mice Bacteremic from a Clinical Isolate of Vancomycin-Resistant <i>Enterococcus faecium</i> (2002)

Colonization of the gastrointestinal tract with vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus faecium (VRE) has become endemic in many hospitals and nursing homes in the United States. Such colonization predisposes the individual to VRE bacteremia and/or endocarditis, and immunocompromised patients are at particular risk for these conditions. The emergence of antibiotic-resistant bacterial strains requires the exploration of alternative antibacterial therapies, which led our group to study the ability of bacterial viruses (bacteriophages, or phages) to rescue mice with VRE bacteremia. The phage strain used in this study has lytic activity against a wide range of clinical isolates of VRE. One of these VRE strains was used to induce bacteremia in mice by intraperitoneal (i.p.) injection of 10(9) CFU. The resulting bacteremia was fatal within 48 h. A single i.p. injection of 3 x 10(8) PFU of the phage strain, administered 45 min after the bacterial challenge, was sufficient to rescue 100% of the animals. Even when treatment was delayed to the point where all animals were moribund, approximately 50% of them were rescued by a single injection of this phage preparation. The ability of this phage to rescue bacteremic mice was demonstrated to be due to the functional capabilities of the phage and not to a nonspecific immune effect. The rescue of bacteremic mice could be effected only by phage strains able to grow in vitro on the bacterial host used to infect the animals, and when such strains are heat inactivated they lose their ability to rescue the infected mice.
Quercetin dual interaction at the membrane level (2019)

Quercetin impact on lipid bilayers suggests a dual action mechanism at cell membranes. This widespread polyphenol displays high partition with low interference in the more fluid membrane domains, more vulnerable to oxidative attack, but strong perturbation of cholesterol/sphingolipid enriched domains, where signalling platforms are expected to assemble.
Investigation of physicochemical and in-vivo behavior of diastereomeric iron-59, gallium-68, and indium-111-EHPG trivalent metal complexes. (1990)

EHPG (N, N'-ethylenebis-[2-(o-hydroxyphenyl)glycine]) trivalent metal complexes show diagnostic potential both in radiopharmaceutical applications (gallium-68, indium-111) and as MRI contrast agents (iron). Although several publications report similar behavior of iron, gallium and indium complexes, we observe significant differences between EHPG complexes of these metals both in physicochemical and in vivo analyses. In addition, stereospecific behavior has been observed for the two diastereomers of EHPG when complexed with each metal. Complexes of Fe[59Fe], 68Ga, and 111In with meso, racemic, and unseparated EHPG have been evaluated. Relative lipophilicity has been measured with HPLC. Blood clearance and liver uptake have been correlated with pM values, stability constants and metal ion reduction potentials.
Multiple biological roles associated with the Rous sarcoma virus 5' untranslated RNA U5-IR stem and loop (1997)

The 5' untranslated region of Rous sarcoma virus (RSV) RNA is a highly ordered structure involved in multiple processes in the viral replication cycle. One of these structures, referred to as the U5-IR stem, is located immediately upstream of the 5' end of the primer binding site. Disruption of its base pairing results in a decrease in initiation of reverse transcription (D. Cobrinik, A. Aiyar, Z. Ge, M. Katzman, H. Huang, and J. Leis, J. Virol. 65:3864-3872, 1991). In the present study, the length of the U5-IR stem structure has been extended by insertions of different sequences which decrease the efficiency of reverse transcription, in vivo and in vitro. Reverse transcription is rescued partially by placing single-stranded bulges into the middle of the extended duplexes. Nucleotide substitutions or insertions into the loop region of the U5-IR stem also decrease the efficiency of reverse transcription, suggesting that these sequences may specifically interact with reverse transcriptase. Surprisingly, all of the extended stem mutations cause significant RNA packaging defects. In contrast, nucleotide insertions or base substitutions in the U5-IR loop do not affect RNA packaging. These data indicate that the reverse transcription initiation complex and RNA packaging apparatus are influenced by the same region of RSV RNA and that each process is differentially sensitive to changes in sequence and/or secondary structure.
On Classification and Taxonomy of Coronaviruses (Riboviria, Nidovirales, Coronaviridae) with special focus on severe acute respiratory syndrome-related coronavirus 2 (SARS-Cov-2) (2020)

Abstract Coronaviruses are highly pathogenic and therefore important human and veterinary pathogens viruses worldwide ( 1 ). Members of family Coronaviridae have previously been analysed phylogenetically, resulting in proposals of virus interrelationships ( 2–5 ). However, available Coronavirus phylogenies remain unrooted, based on limited sampling, and normally depend on a single method ( 2–11 ). The main subjects of this study are the taxonomy and systematics of coronaviruses and our goal is to build the first natural classification of Coronaviridae using several methods of cladistic analyses ( 12 ), Maximum Likelihood method, as well as rigorous taxonomic sampling, making the most accurate representation of Coronaviridae’s relationships to date. Nomenclature recommendations to help effectively incorporate principles of binary nomenclature into Coronaviridae taxonomy are provided. We have stressed that no member of Sarbecovirus clade is an ancestor of SARS-Cov-2, and humans are the only known host. One Sentence Summary Multiple comprehensive phylogenetic analyses of all coronavirus species enabled testing of critical proposals on virus interrelationships.