gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Soil Desaturation Methods for the Improvement of Liquefiable Ground (2019)

Soil liquefaction is a phenomenon where soil loses its shear strength and behaves like a fluid because of the increase in excess pore water pressure subject to dynamic loads such as earthquakes. Soil liquefaction can cause disastrous consequences to buildings and structures, and it is one of the main problems in geotechnical seismic engineering. At present, the traditional measures for the treatment of soil liquefaction include soil densification methods and soil cementation methods. However, these methods are relatively expensive and technically complicated in engineering practice. A new approach of soil liquefaction treatment, soil desaturation, has drawn research attentions. The desaturation treatment can reduce the excess pore water pressure and improve the undrained shear strength of loose liquefiable soils. Gas bubbles in soils serve as a buffer to increase the compressibility of soil pore and alleviate the pore pressure change. Compared with traditional soil liquefaction treatment methods, the desaturation method has many advantages, such as low cost, simple operation and so on. This paper provides a comprehensive review and analysis on the mechanisms, the desaturation implementation techniques, as well as the limitations of the desaturation methods.
Reverse-Conducting Insulated Gate Bipolar Transistor: A Review of Current Technologies (2018)

The reverse-conducting insulated gate bipolar transistor (RC-IGBT) has several benefits over a separate IGBT and diode solution and has the potential to become the dominant device within many power electronic applications; including, but not limited to, motor control, resonant converters, and switch-mode power supplies. However, the device inherently suffers from many undesirable design tradeoffs which have prevented its widespread use. One of the most critical issues is the snapback seen in the forward conduction characteristic which can prevent full turn-on of the device and result in the device becoming unsuitable for parallel operation (required in many high voltage modules). This phenomenon can be suppressed but at the expense of the reverse conduction performance. This paper provides an overview of the technical design challenges presented by the RC-IGBT structure and reviews alternative device concepts which have been proposed in literature. Analysis shows that these alternate concepts either present a tradeoff in performance characteristics, an inability to be manufactured, or a requirement for a custom gate drive.
A Chalcone and Two Related Flavonoids Released from Alfalfa Roots Induce <i>nod</i> Genes of <i>Rhizobium meliloti</i> (1989)

Flavonoid signals from alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) induce transcription of nodulation (nod) genes in Rhizobium meliloti. Previous investigations identified the flavone luteolin as an active inducer in alfalfa seed extracts, but the nature of nod inducers released from roots has not been reported. Root exudate from 3-day-old alfalfa seedlings was purified and then assayed for biological activity with a nodABC-lacZ fusion in R. meliloti. Indentities of major nod inducers were established by spectroscopic analyses (ultraviolet/visible, proton nuclear magnetic resonance, and mass spectroscopy) and comparison with authentic standards. Major nod inducers, which were identified as 4',7-dihydroxyflavone, 4'-7-dihydroxyflavanone, and 4,4'-dihydroxy-2'-methoxychalcone, were released from seedling roots at 54, 22, and 20 picomole.plant(-1).day(-1), respectively. Luteolin was not found in these root exudates. The 4,4'-dihydroxy-2'-methoxychalcone induced nod genes at a concentration one order of magnitude lower than luteolin and is the first naturally released chalcone reported to have this function. Moderate and weak nod-inducing activity was associated, respectively, with 4',7-dihydroxyflavone and 4',7-dihydroxyflavanone.
Regulating eukaryotic gene expression with aptamers (2004)

Aptamers are RNA or DNA oligonucleotides identified within a randomly synthesized library, through an in vitro selection procedure. The selected candidates display a pre-determined property of interest with respect to a given target. Successful selection has been carried out against targets ranging from small (amino acids, antibiotics) to macro-molecules (proteins, nucleic acids). They generally show an affinity in the nanomolar range and a high specificity of target recognition. Interestingly, aptamers selected against purified targets in the test tube retain their properties within cells. RNA aptamers can be generated in situ from an appropriate DNA construct or delivered as nuclease-resistant oligonucleotide analogues. For example, aptamers recognizing RNA structure through loop-loop interactions modulate the trans-activation of in vitro transcription mediated by the TAR RNA element of human immunodeficiency virus type 1. Consequently, they constitute both exquisite tools for functional genomics analysis and promising prototypes of therapeutic agents. Natural aptameric motifs have been identified within mRNA sequences, which upon binding to a metabolite control the expression of the encoded gene, which is generally involved in the biosynthesis of this particular metabolite.
Epidemiology of Tuberculosis in the United States, 1985 Through 1992 (1994)

Multiple factors contributed to the recent increases in the number of TB cases. The effectiveness of TB screening in immigrants needs further evaluation. Intensified efforts to determine the human immunodeficiency virus status of persons with TB are needed. Screening of subpopulations at increased risk for tuberculous infection or TB should be expanded.
qprof: A gprof-Inspired Quantum Profiler (2022)

We introduce qprof, a new and extensible quantum program profiler able to generate profiling reports of quantum circuits written using various quantum computing frameworks. We describe the internal structure and working of qprof and provide practical examples on quantum circuits with increasing complexity along with benchmarks of the tool execution time on large circuits. This tool will allow researchers to visualise their quantum algorithm implementation in a different and complementary way and reliably localise the bottlenecks for efficient code optimisation.
Impact of matrix properties on the survival of freeze‐dried bacteria (2011)

Polymer-based formulations can support cell survival as effectively as disaccharides if formulation properties of importance for maintaining cell viability are identified and controlled.
Retardation of dissolution and surface modification of high‐modulus poly(ethylene) fiber by the synergetic action of solvent and stress (1995)

Abstract Retardation of dissolution of highly oriented polyethylene fibers exposed to solvent under a constant tensile force has been investigated in comparison to free conditions. Beyond a critical value of the applied force, the time for dissolution increases sharply by several orders of magnitude. This effect is significant only in fibers with high initial orientation. It is attributed to the existence of a network of oriented crystallites. We have utilized this effect for surface modification of highly oriented PE fibers, by exposure to solvent at different temperatures and applied stress. At a relatively low load the action of the solvent displays pronounced effects: roughening of the fiber surface, formation of a nonoriented crystalline phase, enhancement of adhesion to epoxy resin with some loss of strength. ©1995 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Medical treatment of renal cancer: new horizons (2016)

Renal cell carcinoma (RCC) makes up 2-3% of adult cancers. The introduction of tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) and mammalian target of rapamycin inhibitors in the mid-2000s radically changed the management of RCC. These targeted treatments superseded immunotherapy with interleukin-2 and interferon. The pendulum now appears to be shifting back towards immunotherapy, with the evidence of prolonged overall survival of patients with metastatic RCC on treatment with the anti-programmed cell death 1 ligand monoclonal antibody, nivolumab. Clinical prognostic criteria aid prediction of relapse risk for resected localised disease. Unfortunately, for patients at high risk of relapse, no adjuvant treatment has yet shown benefit, although further trials are yet to report. Clinical prognostic models also have a role in the management of advanced disease; now there is a pressing need for predictive biomarkers to direct therapy. Treatment selection for metastatic disease is currently based on histology, prognostic group and patient preference based on side effect profile. In this article, we review the current medical and surgical management of localised, oligometastatic and advanced RCC, including side effect management and the evidence base for management of poor-risk and non-clear cell disease. We discuss recent results from clinical trials and how these are likely to shape future practice and a renaissance of immunotherapy for renal cell cancer.
Mesenchyme Forkhead 1 ( <i>FOXC2</i> ) plays a key role in metastasis and is associated with aggressive basal-like breast cancers (2007)

The metastatic spread of epithelial cancer cells from the primary tumor to distant organs mimics the cell migrations that occur during embryogenesis. Using gene expression profiling, we have found that the FOXC2 transcription factor, which is involved in specifying mesenchymal cell fate during embryogenesis, is associated with the metastatic capabilities of cancer cells. FOXC2 expression is required for the ability of murine mammary carcinoma cells to metastasize to the lung, and overexpression of FOXC2 enhances the metastatic ability of mouse mammary carcinoma cells. We show that FOXC2 expression is induced in cells undergoing epithelial-mesenchymal transitions (EMTs) triggered by a number of signals, including TGF-beta1 and several EMT-inducing transcription factors, such as Snail, Twist, and Goosecoid. FOXC2 specifically promotes mesenchymal differentiation during an EMT and may serve as a key mediator to orchestrate the mesenchymal component of the EMT program. Expression of FOXC2 is significantly correlated with the highly aggressive basal-like subtype of human breast cancers. These observations indicate that FOXC2 plays a central role in promoting invasion and metastasis and that it may prove to be a highly specific molecular marker for human basal-like breast cancers.
Stochastic resonance and noise-enhanced transmission of spatial signals in optics: the case of scattering (1998)

The nonlinear effect of noise-enhanced signal transmission by means of stochastic resonance in optics is studied. We investigate this effect for the novel case of spatial signals or images. With a theoretical model involving a threshold nonlinearity we describe a mechanism whereby the transmission of an image can be improved by the addition of noise. We argue that such a nonlinear mechanism can operate in different types of light scattering. With a stimulated Raman scattering experiment we verify the existence of a stochastic resonance effect in the transmission of a laser image; we show that maximal efficacy is obtained with the assistance of a speckle of sufficient intensity. The results extend the scope of stochastic resonance and can serve as a basis for further development of the effect in optics.
Distributed Antenna Systems with Power Adjusted Beam Switching (2010)

Utilization of distributed antennas provides an additional dimension for performance enhancement in 4G and beyond cellular networks. Intelligent remote antenna allocation and practical transmission scheme are two most important aspects for the design of DAS. In this study, a sectorized distributed antenna structure is introduced and correspondingly, power adjusted beam switching as a practical transmission scheme is proposed with periodic beam switching and dynamic power allocation. Simulation results show that the proposed DAS structure and transmission scheme improve the capacity in all SINR regions especially with optimal power allocation.
Spare receptors and intrinsic activity: Studies with D<sub>1</sub> dopamine receptor agonists (1995)

The intrinsic activities of selected dopamine D1 receptor agonists were compared in three distinct molecular expression systems, C-6, Ltk, and GH4 cells transfected with primate D1A receptors. The influence of the cell expression system on intrinsic activity varied markedly among agonists. Dihydrexidine (DHX), a potent full agonist with dramatic antiparkinsonian actions, displayed intrinsic activity similar to dopamine in all three cell lines. In contrast, SKF82958 and SKF38393 (full and partial agonists, respectively, in rat striatum) had intrinsic activities equal to dopamine in GH4 cells that expressed a high density of D1 receptors, yet were of lower intrinsic activity in C-6 cells having 15-fold fewer receptors. The idea that spare receptors are one important determinant of observed intrinsic activity was explored directly by "receptor titration," in which ca. 90% of D1 receptors in Ltk cells were inactivated using EEDQ, an irreversible antagonist. Whereas EEDQ pretreatment decreased the potency of all agonists, it changed the intrinsic activity of some, but not all, drugs. A 40% decrease was seen with the partial agonist SKF38393, and, surprisingly, a 30% decrease was seen with the purported full agonist SKF82958. Conversely, the intrinsic activity of DHX and A68930 were unaffected by the EEDQ treatment. The data demonstrate that significant and biologically meaningful differences in intrinsic efficacy (e.g., DHX vs. SKF82958) may be obscured in test systems that have sufficient receptor reserve (e.g., the striatum). Such differences in intrinsic efficacy may be an important predictor of the clinical utility of D1 agonists.
Nanostructural Reorganization of Bacterial Cellulose by Ultrasonic Treatment (2010)

In this work, bacterial cellulose was subjected to a high-power ultrasonic treatment for different time intervals. The morphological analysis, scanning electron microscopy, and atomic force microscopy revealed that this treatment changed the width and height of the microfibrillar ribbons and roughness of their surface, originating films with new nanostructures. Differential thermal analysis showed a higher thermal stability for ultrasonicated samples with a pyrolysis onset temperature of 208 degrees C for native bacterial cellulose and 250 and 268 degrees C for the modified samples. The small-angle X-ray scattering experiments demonstrated that the treatment with ultrasound increased the thickness of the ribbons, while wide-angle X-ray scattering experiments demonstrated that the average crystallite dimension and the degree of crystallinity also increased. A model is proposed where the thicker ribbons and crystallites result from the fusion of neighboring ribbons due to cavitation effects.
Clinical efficacy of temocillin (2009)

CXA-101 was reduced from 4 to 1 mg/L upon the addition of tazobactam. The addition of tazobactam was of no benefit in strains producing GES, VEB and PER b-lactamases, which all had CXA-101 MICs .64 mg/L. In the only isolate producing an ESBL M-D b-lactamase (OXA-32), the MIC was reduced from .64 to 8 mg/L. The OXA-32-producing isolate was also susceptible to piperacillin/tazobactam. Susceptibility to piperacillin/ tazobactam was additionally seen in one isolate ( producing PER-1), which was resistant to all b-lactams except imipenem and ceftazidime plus clavulanate. The latter combination was found to have activity against four isolates ( producing PER-1, BEL-1, SHV-5 and TEM-4).
HLA‐DRw52‐associated DRB1 alleles: Identification using polymerase chain reaction‐amplified DNA, sequence‐specific oligonucleotide probes, and a chemiluminescent detection system (1992)

Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) primers were designed to specifically amplify exon 2 of the DRw52-associated DRB1 alleles for subsequent typing by sequence-specific oligonucleotide probe (SSOP) hybridization and chemiluminescent detection. The DRw52 DRB1 group, encoding 22 of the 44 W.H.O. designated DRB1 allelic products, was divided by differential PCR with two polymorphism-directed forward primers. Based on a polymorphism at codon 13, these forward primers separate the DRw52-associated alleles into subsets; one comprised of the alleles of DR3/DRw11/DRw6 and the other of DRw8/DRw12/DRB1*1404. The DRB1 alleles in the latter subset were then defined by SSOP hybridization to the amplified DNA. The preferential amplification also resulted in SSOP definition of 15 alleles in the DR3/DRw11/DRw6 subset but some DRw11/DRw13 heterozygous allelic combinations were still unresolved. Two reverse PCR primers specific for the polymorphism at codon 86 were used to obtain amplified material to which SSOP reactivity provided definitive identification of the ambiguous heterozygotes.
Formal Modeling and Analysis of Timed Systems (2022)

The conference proceeding FORMATS 2022 focuses on subjects such as hardware design, performance analysis, real-time software and much more.
Post Production PMSM Position Sensor Offset Error Quantification via Voltage Estimation (2020)

This paper proposes a strategy to quantify a position sensor offset induced in a post-production (after calibration) permanent magnet synchronous machine (PMSM) drive system under field-oriented control while in operation. The importance of the position signal in a PMSM drive system is presented with results on the system behavior during a position sensor offset error. Subsequently, an algorithm is presented to quantify the induced error in real-time, based on voltage estimates. Simulation and experimental results are presented to justify the algorithm performance.
Probenecid: Its Chromatographic Determination, Plasma Protein Binding, and in vivo Pharmacokinetics in Dogs (2006)

Pharmacokinetics (PK) of probenecid including plasma probenecid concentrations, in vitro plasma protein binding properties, and in vivo PK parameters were determined in dogs. Probenecid concentrations were best determined by HPLC, which showed good linearity and good recovery with simple plasma preparation. The quantification limit of probenecid was approximately 50 ng/ml at S/N ratio = 3, by simple procedure with HCl and methanol treatment. Probenecid showed two types of binding characteristics, i.e., high-affinity with low-capacity and low-affinity with high-capacity binding. This result indicated 80-88% of probenecid was bound to plasma protein(s) at observed concentrations (< 80 microg/ml) in vivo at an intravenous dose of 20 mg/kg. Plasma probenecid concentration-time profile following i.v. administration in dogs showed biphasic decline and well fitted a two-compartment open model. The total body clearance was 0.34 +/- 0.04 ml/min/kg, volume of distribution at steady-state was 0.46 +/- 0.07 l/kg, elimination half-life was 18 +/- 6 hr, and mean residence time (MRT) was 23 +/- 6 hr. Since probenecid has been known as a potent inhibitor of renal tubular excretion of acidic drugs and highly binds to plasma proteins, our observation in relation to plasma protein binding and PK parameters will serve as the basic information concerning drug-drug interactions in dogs and in other mammalian species.
A Review of Load Balancing in Fog Computing (2019)

A number of IoT devices are continuously increasing day by day and generating a tremendous amount of data. This generated data passed to cloud for processing but some application requires a quick response. To overcome this situation, fog computing is used which is placed between IoT and Cloud computing. Fog computing is placed at the edge of the cloud data center. The allocation of resources and distributing workload is called load balancing. Load balancing ensures appropriate distribution of workload. Extensive research has been conducted to implement load balancing in fog computing. Having understood the importance of load balancing, this paper presents a survey of load balancing algorithms implemented in fog computing. The paper also presents an analysis based on different metrics of Fog computing and simulation tool used for implementing load balancing in fog computing.
Analysis on angular field of view of holographic image dependent on hologram numerical aperture in holographic display (2020)

We investigate the angular field of view (AFOV) of a holographic image reconstructed from the digital Fresnel hologram in holographic display. The theoretical analysis clarifies that the AFOV of a holographic image is fundamentally determined by the hologram numerical aperture (HNA) other than a diffraction angle of pixel pitch of a pixelated modulator. This property is proved for various types of the digital holograms using a numerical simulation and optical experiments. The high-HNA hologram reconstructs the image with a high viewing angle, whereas the image contraction is inevitable due to the Nyquist sampling criterion in the hologram synthesis. We demonstrate the method for reconstructing the holographic image with a high viewing angle without image contraction.
Effects of passive antibody in bee venom anaphylaxis. (1978)

Twelve patients allergic to honeybees were challenged by injections of bee venom; five responded systemically to the venom, with symptoms ranging from angioedema to respiratory distress. These patients were given intramuscular or intravenous infusions of gamma-globulin obtained from the plasma of hyperimmune beekeepers who had high levels of antibody to an allergen (phospholipase A) in the venom. Post-infusion, all five patients tolerated 1.5 to 5 times the venom dose that previously elicited adverse reactions. The quantity of passive IgG antibody infused did not impair the patient's own immune response to venom. These results represent the best available evidence for a direct role for IgG blocking antibodies in clinical protection against anaphylaxis occurring as a result of parenteral antigenic challenge as may be observed in penicillin and insect hypersensitivity.
Perspectives in optical computing (1998)

30 years ago, the author was certain that electronics was reaching its natural limits and that optics alone could offer massive parallelism. In this article, he explains how he had it all wrong and how-after enduring a time of fear and doubt-he developed new confidence about the future of optics. Optics is dead, he says, only if we foolishly believe that its role is to replace electronics. All-optical computers are not the goal. In fact, the very concept is specious: an all-optical "computer" cannot import, modify or export information. So, the huge effort that has gone into the competition between optics and electronics has been a tragic waste of time, money and talent. Both optics and electronics have roles, but they are not the same. Whenever an optoelectronic computer competes directly with an electronic computer, it loses. Electronics is far more mature, far cheaper, far better funded. The hope for optics lies in doing things which are provably impossible for electronics. Presuming that such tasks exist and are worthwhile, optics plays an essential role.