gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
<title>Addressing modes of ferroelectric liquid crystal displays</title> (1995)

The paper discusses some aspects of the construction of multiplexing waveforms for ferroelectric liquid crystal devices. Conventional addressing methods are opposed to more recent ones, where time overlap of the selection waveforms and asymmetries between initial and final switching slopes are extensively schemes are discussed in detail. A new 'split writing' addressing scheme is proposed.
Mitochondrial dysfunction in breast cancer cells prevents tumor growth (2012)

Metformin is a well-established diabetes drug that prevents the onset of most types of human cancers in diabetic patients, especially by targeting cancer stem cells. Metformin exerts its protective effects by functioning as a weak "mitochondrial poison," as it acts as a complex I inhibitor and prevents oxidative mitochondrial metabolism (OXPHOS). Thus, mitochondrial metabolism must play an essential role in promoting tumor growth. To determine the functional role of "mitochondrial health" in breast cancer pathogenesis, here we used mitochondrial uncoupling proteins (UCPs) to genetically induce mitochondrial dysfunction in either human breast cancer cells (MDA-MB-231) or cancer-associated fibroblasts (hTERT-BJ1 cells). Our results directly show that all three UCP family members (UCP-1/2/3) induce autophagy and mitochondrial dysfunction in human breast cancer cells, which results in significant reductions in tumor growth. Conversely, induction of mitochondrial dysfunction in cancer-associated fibroblasts has just the opposite effect. More specifically, overexpression of UCP-1 in stromal fibroblasts increases β-oxidation, ketone body production and the release of ATP-rich vesicles, which "fuels" tumor growth by providing high-energy nutrients in a paracrine fashion to epithelial cancer cells. Hence, the effects of mitochondrial dysfunction are truly compartment-specific. Thus, we conclude that the beneficial anticancer effects of mitochondrial inhibitors (such as metformin) may be attributed to the induction of mitochondrial dysfunction in the epithelial cancer cell compartment. Our studies identify cancer cell mitochondria as a clear target for drug discovery and for novel therapeutic interventions.
Recent Developments in Stereoselective Chemical Glycosylation (2019)

Because of their pivotal biological functions, attention to sugars and glycobiology has grown rapidly in recent decades, leading to increased demand for homogeneous oligosaccharides. The stereoselective preparation of oligosaccharides by chemical means remains challenging and continues to be a vivid research area for organic chemists. In the past decade, new approaches and reinvestigated traditional methods have transformed the field. These developments include novel catalyses, various types of glycosylation modulators and the use of photochemical energy to facilitate glycosylation. This Minireview presents a brief overview of the latest trends in chemical glycosylation, with emphasis on the stereoselective synthetic protocols developed in the past decade.
DEVELOPMENT AND DEMONSTRATION OF THE UNIVERSAL SOLVENT EXTRACTION PROCESS FOR THE SIMULTANEOUS SEPARATION OF CESIUM, STRONTIUM, AND THE ACTINIDES FROM ACTUAL HIGHLY RADIOACTIVE WASTE (2000)

The Universal Solvent Extraction (UNEX) process is being developed for the simultaneous separation of Cs, Sr, and the actinides from acidic high-activity tank waste at the Idaho National Engineering and Environmental Laboratory (INEEL) with the goal of minimizing the high-activity waste volume to be disposed in a deep geological repository. The UNEX process is being developed as a collaborative effort between the INEEL and the Khlopin Radium Institute in St. Petersburg, Russia. The UNEX solvent consists of chlorinated cobalt dicarbollide for the extraction of Cs, polyethylene glycol for the extraction of Sr, and a carbamoylmethyl phosphine oxide derivative for the extraction of the actinides. The process was recently demonstrated at the INEEL using actual radioactive, acidic tank waste in 24 stages of 2-cm diameter centrifugal contactors located in a shielded cell facility. The flowsheet consisted of ten stages of extraction, two stages of scrub, six stages of strip, and six stages of solvent wash. With this testing, removal efficiencies of 99.4%, 99.995%, and 99.96 % were obtained for 137Cs, 90Sr, and total alpha, respectively. This is sufficient to reduce the activities of 137Cs, 90Sr, and the actinides in a grout waste form to below NRC Class A LLW requirements. Significant amounts of the Ba (99%), Pb (98.6%), Zr (84%), Mo (32%), K (28%), and Fe (8%), were also removed from the feed with the universal solvent extraction flowsheet. Approximately 0.1 % of the Na and Al were extracted and exited with the high-activity waste strip product. Operational problems such as flooding or precipitate formation were not observed during testing.
Cloning of tumor-associated differentially expressed gene-14, a novel serine protease overexpressed by ovarian carcinoma. (1999)

The family of enzymes known as serine proteases supports many biological functions for cancer cells, including activation of growth and angiogenic factors and activation of other proteases for invasion and metastasis. In addition, many of these serine proteases are secreted by cells into the extracellular space to serve these functions. Therefore, serine proteases are excellent candidate tumor markers. To examine serine proteases expressed by ovarian carcinoma, we designed degenerate PCR primers corresponding to the conserved regions of these genes and used them in reverse transcriptase-PCR experiments with normal and tumor cDNA as a template. The PCR products were subcloned and sequenced, and one of these clones was found to encode a novel serine protease, named tumor-associated differentially expressed gene-14 (TADG14). Northern blot analysis indicated that the mRNA for TADG14 is 1.4 kb long and that it is highly overexpressed in ovarian carcinoma compared with normal ovary. The entire cDNA has been obtained, and based on sequence homology, it encodes a 260-amino acid serine protease. Semiquantitative PCR indicates that TADG14 is overexpressed in 24 of 40 tumors studied. Northern blot data confirm this overexpression, and immunohistochemical staining suggests that this protein is secreted. As such, the TADG14 protease may be useful as a diagnostic tool or as a molecular target for therapy.
Abstract ND04: BAY 2666605: The first PDE3A-SLFN12 complex inducer for cancer therapy (2022)

Abstract Velcrin compounds are a class of small molecules that induce complex formation between PDE3A and SLFN12, killing cancer cells that express elevated levels of these two proteins by a mechanism independent of PDE3A enzymatic inhibition. Instead, PDE3A binding stimulates the RNase activity of SLFN12, resulting in cleavage of the specific SLFN12 substrate, tRNA-Leu-TAA. Cleavage of tRNA-Leu-TAA in turn causes ribosomal pausing, inhibition of protein synthesis, and cancer cell death. Unlike traditional targeted therapies that leverage dependencies created in cancer cells by genomic alterations, velcrins instead kill cancer cells by a gain-of-function mechanism dependent on the RNase activity of SLFN12. In a collaboration between the Broad Institute and Bayer Pharmaceuticals, we developed the first velcrin, BAY 2666605, to enter Phase I clinical trials. BAY 2666605 is active in cell line and patient-derived xenografts of several tumor types, specifically where elevated levels of the two biomarkers, PDE3A and SLFN12, are expressed. Biomarker-positive tumors are especially enriched among melanomas, and we have consistently observed tumor regression in biomarker-positive melanoma tumor models in vivo. BAY 2666605 furthermore shows drug-like properties, excellent brain penetration, increased stimulation of SLFN12 RNase activity, and reduced inhibition of PDE3A enzymatic activity compared with most other velcrins and approved PDE3A inhibitors. BAY 2666605 has recently entered a First-in-Human study (NCT04809805) in patients with advanced solid tumors that co-express PDE3A and SLFN12, including melanoma, ovarian cancer, and sarcoma. Citation Format: Stefan Gradl, Sooncheol Lee, Martin Lange, Xiaoyun Wu, Silvia Goldoni, Timothy Lewis, Charlotte Kopitz, Colin Garvie, Philip Lienau, Stephanie Hoyt, Henrik Seidel, Stephan Kaulfuss, Manuel Ellermann, Luc de Waal, Adrian Tersteegen, Sven Golfier, Detlev Suelzle, Christa Hegele-Hartung, James Carr, Frederick Brookfield, Michael Bruening, Melanie Berthold, Thibaud Jourdan, Monica Schenone, Galen Gao, Joseph McGaunn, Antje Wengner, Elisa Aquilanti, Franziska Siegel, Marine Garrido, Annette Walter, Isabelle Genvresse, Andrew Cherniack, Stuart Schreiber, Knut Eis, Ashley Eheim, Matthew Meyerson, Heidi Greulich. BAY 2666605: The first PDE3A-SLFN12 complex inducer for cancer therapy [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2022; 2022 Apr 8-13. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2022;82(12_Suppl):Abstract nr ND04.
<title>Autofocus vs voxel projection for vertical tracking in scanning cytometry</title> (1997)

Raster scanning a microscope slide to obtain morphometric and fluorometric parameters of cells requires a method for tracking the focus positions. The vertical position of each field is unpredictable because of the irregularity of glass surfaces, the flexibility of thin coverslips, the mechanical instability of microscope and the varying thickness of the tissue layers. The conventional method for vertical tracking is autofocus. For autofocus, the best focus is calculated from measures of sharpness computed on a set of images acquired at each of several vertical test positions. The focus is then set to this position for acquisition of a final image. The vertical position could also be tracked by voxel projection, with the set of test images at a microscope field treated as a single 3D image of voxels. A 2D projection is created from a 3D image by retaining only the in-focus voxels. For fluorescence confocal microscopy, a projection is usually formed by selecting the maximum intensity voxels. Another technique would be to use the maximum absolute value of the highpass filtered image. The highpass projection may have advantages for fluorescence images and, unlike the maximum projection, would also be applicable to transmission microscopy. The advantage of highpass projection is that the final image is a composite of the most sharply focused voxels. The advantages and disadvantages of these vertical positioning techniques are compared with images of DAPI-stained cell nuclei.
Holographic Scanning - Principles And Applications (1984)

The basis principles of holographic scanning will be reviewed. Topics will include - zone plate analysis, aberrations, scan multiplication, scan line straightening, recording media and manufacturing methods. Several applications will be discussed, with particular emphasis on bar code scanning.
The<i>pspC</i>Gene of<i>Streptococcus pneumoniae</i>Encodes a Polymorphic Protein, PspC, Which Elicits Cross-Reactive Antibodies to PspA and Provides Immunity to Pneumococcal Bacteremia (1999)

PspC is one of three designations for a pneumococcal surface protein whose gene is present in approximately 75% of all Streptococcus pneumoniae strains. Under the name SpsA, the protein has been shown to bind secretory immunoglobulin A (S. Hammerschmidt, S. R. Talay, P. Brandtzaeg, and G. S. Chhatwal, Mol. Microbiol. 25:1113-1124, 1997). Under the name CbpA, the protein has been shown to interact with human epithelial and endothelial cells (C. Rosenow et al., Mol. Microbiol. 25:819-829, 1997). The gene is paralogous to the pspA gene in S. pneumoniae and was thus called pspC (A. Brooks-Walter, R. C. Tart, D. E. Briles, and S. K. Hollingshead, Abstracts of the 97th General Meeting of the American Society for Microbiology 1997). Sequence comparisons of five published and seven new alleles reveal that this gene has a mosaic structure, and modular domains have contributed to gene diversity during evolution. Two major clades exist: clade A alleles are larger and contain an extra module that is shared with many pspA alleles; clade B alleles are smaller and lack this pspA-like domain. All alleles have a proline-rich domain and a choline-binding repeat domain that show 0% divergence from similar domains in the PspA protein. Immunization of a rabbit with a recombinant clade B PspC molecule produced antiserum that cross-reacted with both PspC and PspA from 15 pneumococcal isolates. The cross-reactive antibodies afforded cross-protection in a mouse model system. Mice immunized with PspC were protected against challenge with a strain that expressed PspA but not PspC. The PspA- and PspC-cross-reactive antibodies were directed to the proline-rich domain present in both molecules.
Temporal imaging: Observation and localization of a compton effect inside a 20 mm monolithic LYSO plate with a Philips digital Si-PM (2016)

Recently, temporal imaging has been shown to be very promising for enhancing the accuracy of spatio-temporal localization of a scintillation events within a monolithic scintillator [1]. The objective of this communication is to show that, besides scintillation localization performances, Compton events could be efficiently detected and characterized inside a monolithic plate. A time-based robust Compton event reconstruction could lead to the implementation of a cost effective single plate Compton camera based on monolithic scintillating crystals.
Feature enhancement for a bitstream-based front-end in wireless speech recognition (2002)

We propose a feature enhancement algorithm for wireless speech recognition in adverse acoustic environments. A speech recognition system is realized at the receiver side of a wireless communications system and feature parameters are extracted directly from the bitstream of the speech coder employed in the system. The feature parameters are composed of spectral envelope and coder-specific information. The proposed feature enhancement algorithm incorporates feature parameters obtained from the decoded speech and an enhanced version into the bitstream-based feature parameters. Moreover, the coder-specific parameters are improved by reestimating the codebook gains and residual energy from the enhanced residual signal. HMM-based connected digit recognition experiments show that the proposed feature enhancement algorithm significantly improves recognition accuracy at low SNR without causing poorer performance at high SNR.
Multioperand decimal addition (2004)

This paper introduces four techniques for performing fast decimal addition on multiple binary coded decimal (BCD) operands. Three of the techniques speculate BCD correction values and use chaining to correct intermediate results. The first speculates over one addition. The second speculates over two additions. The third employs multiple instances of the second technique in parallel and then merges the results. The fourth technique uses a binary carry-save adder tree and produces a binary sum. Combinational logic is then used to correct the sum and determine the carry into the next digit. Multioperand adder designs are constructed and synthesized for four to sixteen input operands. Analyses are performed on the synthesis results and the merits of each technique are discussed. Finally, these techniques are compared to previous attempts made at speeding up decimal addition.
Traveling Smart: Increasing Transit Ridership by Automatic Collection (TRAC) of Individual Travel Behavior Data and Personalized Feedback (2005)

This final report is the first in a series to describe a new joint collaboration research effort between the Transportation Demand Management Program at the Center for Urban Transportation Research (CUTR), and the Computer Science Engineering Department, at the College of Engineering at the University of South Florida (USF). The research focuses on using innovative technology to better understand and pattern household travel behavior for the purposes of educating, promoting and encouraging households to utilize other alternatives to driving in general and to driving alone in particular. This study documents Phase 1 of the research effort: the development and preliminary testing of a prototype unit and a travel feedback advisory system. The scope of Phase 1 called for preliminary development and testing of a portable unit consisting of a personal digital assistant (PDA), a global positioning system (GPS) device, and a wireless card, all-in-one unit nicknamed TRAC-IT. With innovations emerging daily in this field of technology, a GPS-enabled cellular phone was briefly investigated as a possible alternative for the PDA TRAC-IT unit and showed promise. Phase 2 will investigate and analyze the impact of the travel feedback advisory system on household travel behavior. Phase 3 in this research effort will be dedicated to the design, development, and testing of the GPS-enabled cellular phone as a TRAC-IT unit. The TRAC-IT unit was designed to collect comprehensive individual trip data including start time, end time, origin, destination, travel speed, trip route, and trip distance with minimal input from participants. Limited field testing was conducted to validate that the technology works. The project also developed a preliminary personalized feedback system that provides suggestions and encourages participants to utilize other modes than the drive-alone option. These suggestions were sent to participants after the trip data had been transferred from the TRAC-IT unit into a database developed to pattern travel behavior and generate appropriate feedback to participants.
Exact bit error rate analysis of TH-PPM UWB systems in the presence of multiple-access interference (2003)

A new method is proposed for precisely calculating the bit error probability of a time-hopping binary pulse position modulation ultra-wideband system with multiple access interference. The analytical expression is validated by simulation and used to assess the inaccuracy of the Gaussian approximation.
Radioactive contraband detection: A Bayesian approach (2009)

Radionuclide emissions from nuclear contraband challenge both detection and measurement technologies to capture and record each event. The development of a sequential Bayesian processor incorporating both the physics of gamma-ray emissions and the measurement of photon energies offers a physics-based approach to attack this challenging problem. It is shown that a "physics-based" structure can be used to develop an effective detection technique, but also motivates the implementation of this approach using particle filters to enhance and extract the required information. The resulting processor is applied to feasibility data obtained from a controlled proof-of-concept experiment.
Synthesis of high density ultrafine W/Cu composite alloy by mechano–thermochemical process (2000)

It is difficult to obtain a high density W/Cu composite without the addition of a sintering activator as there is no mutual solubility but a great difference in melting temperature and specific gravity. Ultrafine starting powders are needed in order to achieve the desired full density W/Cu composite. Recently, the authors have developed a new manufacturing process to achieve the full density ultrafine W/Cu composite alloy by combining a thermochemical and a mechanical process (mechano–thermochemical process). W/Cu oxide and W/Cu metal composite powders, which are loosely agglomerated homogeneous clusters of nanoscale sized particles, can be synthesised by a thermochemical process and then these powders are treated again by a mechanical process to obtain ultrafine powders. In the case of the mechano–thermochemical process, a sintered W/Cu composite alloy, obtained from the W/Cu oxide composite powder passing through a multistep reduction process, shows a higher density than that produced from the W/Cu metal composite powder. A full density W + 20 wt-%Cu composite alloy with an average W particle size of 1 μm can be obtained without the addition of a sintering activator through a combination of the mechano–thermochemical process and liquid phase sintering.
Differential Immunodetection of Toxin B from Highly Virulent Clostridium difficile BI/NAP-1/027 (2015)

We developed a simple immunoassay capable of differentially detecting toxin B from highly virulent strains of Clostridium difficile (BI/NAP-1/027) in stool. This assay can simultaneously confirm the presence of in vivo toxin production and provide strain-related information relevant to infection control epidemiology and disease prognosis.
ViLDAR: a novel speed estimation system using visible light in vehicles (2017)

In this paper, we introduce Visible Light Detection and Ranging (ViLDAR): a novel speed estimation system that utilizes visible light variation during a known time difference. The use of light emitting diodes (LED) in vehicles lighting systems has become increasingly common in the automotive industry. Concurrently, monitoring drivers’ speeds constitutes a critical issue for safety regulation agencies. Most of the speed monitoring systems are based on measuring the speed of vehicles using wellknown RADAR or LiDAR systems that use radio frequency or laser signals, respectively. However, these systems have certain limitations, e.g., the requirement of line-of-sight for accurate results in RADAR and LiDAR, and narrow beam-width and deficient performance in curved roads in RADAR. We present a simple as well as novel estimation method for the speed of an approaching vehicle given only the received light intensity information. Assuming a Lambertian channel model for the light wave propagation, the performance of the estimator is compared in different angle of incidences between the vehicle and the detector. The proposed method outperforms RADAR/LiDAR systems in terms of speed estimation accuracy for a wide range of incidence angles.
P‐104: Shearing Effects of Stressed Liquid Crystals with Various Liquid Crystal Domain Sizes (2005)

Abstract Stressed liquid crystals (SLCs) are fast light modulating materials based on polymer/liquid crystal composites. We used polarizing microscopy and fluorescence confocal microscopy to investigate liquid crystal domain sizes and shearing mechanism for SLCs with different domain sizes. We observed the stretch of polymer matrices and the reshaping of liquid crystal domains in SLCs during shearing. In addition, we demonstrated the shearing effects on reducing light scattering and the electro‐optical performances of these samples.