gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Crystal structure and photoluminescence of Mn2+–Mg2+ codoped gamma aluminum oxynitride (γ-AlON): A promising green phosphor for white light-emitting diodes (2008)

Views Icon Views Article contents Figures & tables Video Audio Supplementary Data Peer Review Share Icon Share Twitter Facebook Reddit LinkedIn Tools Icon Tools Reprints and Permissions Cite Icon Cite Search Site Citation Rong-Jun Xie, Naoto Hirosaki, Xue-Jian Liu, Takashi Takeda, Hui-Li Li; Crystal structure and photoluminescence of Mn2+–Mg2+ codoped gamma aluminum oxynitride (γ-AlON)⁠: A promising green phosphor for white light-emitting diodes. Appl. Phys. Lett. 19 May 2008; 92 (20): 201905. https://doi.org/10.1063/1.2920190 Download citation file: Ris (Zotero) Reference Manager EasyBib Bookends Mendeley Papers EndNote RefWorks BibTex toolbar search Search Dropdown Menu toolbar search search input Search input auto suggest filter your search All ContentAIP Publishing PortfolioApplied Physics Letters Search Advanced Search |Citation Search
Architecture design of reconfigurable pipelined datapaths (1999)

This paper examines reconfigurable pipelined datapaths (RaPiDs), a new architecture style for computation-intensive applications that bridges the cost/performance gap between general purpose and application specific architectures. RaPiDs can provide significantly higher performance than general purpose processors on a wide range of applications from the areas of video and signal processing, scientific computing and communications. Moreover, RaPiDs provide the flexibility that does not come with application-specific architectures. A RaPiD architecture is optimized for highly repetitive, computationally-intensive tasks. Very deep application-specific computation pipelines can be configured that deliver very high performance for a wide range of applications. RaPiDs achieve this using a coarse-grained reconfigurable architecture that mixes the appropriate amount of static configuration with dynamic control. We describe the fundamental features of a RaPiD architecture, including the linear array of functional units, a programmable segmented bus structure, and a programmable control architecture. In addition, we outline the floorplan of the architecture and provide timing data for the most critical paths. We conclude with performance numbers for several applications on an instance of a RaPiD architecture.
Uncovering energy-efficiency opportunities in data centers (2009)

The combination of rapidly increasing energy use of data centers (DCs), which is triggered by dramatic increases in IT (information technology) demands, and increases in energy costs and limited energy supplies has made the energy efficiency of DCs a central concern from both a cost and a sustainability perspective. This paper describes three important technology components that address the energy consumption in DCs. First, we present a mobile measurement technology (MMT) for optimizing the space and energy efficiency of DCs. The technology encompasses the interworking of an advanced metrology technique for rapid data collection at high spatial resolution and measurement-driven modeling techniques, enabling optimal adjustments of a DC environment within a target thermal envelope. Specific example data demonstrating the effectiveness of MMT is shown. Second, the static MMT measurements obtained at high spatial resolution are complemented by and integrated with a real-time sensor network. The requirements and suitable architectures for wired and wireless sensor solutions are discussed. Third, an energy and thermal model analysis for a DC is presented that exploits both the high-spatial-resolution (but static) MMT data and the high-time-resolved (but sparse) sensor data. The combination of these two data types (static and dynamic), in conjunction with innovative modeling techniques, provides the basis for extending the MMT concept toward an interactive energy management solution.
Investigation of Cellular Confinement in Three-Dimensional Microscale Fibrous Substrates: Fabrication and Metrology (2017)

Engineered microenvironments along with robust quantitative models of cell shape metrology that can decouple the effect of various well-defined cues on a stem cell's phenotypic response would serve as an illuminating tool for testing mechanistic hypotheses on how stem cell fate is fundamentally regulated. As an experimental testbed to probe the effect of geometrical confinement on cell morphology, three-dimensional (3D) poly(ε-caprolactone) (PCL) layered fibrous meshes are fabricated with an in-house melt electrospinning writing system (MEW). Gradual confinement states of fibroblasts are demonstrated by seeding primary fibroblasts on defined substrates, including a classical two-dimensional (2D) petri dish and porous 3D fibrous substrates with microarchitectures tunable within a tight cellular dimensional scale window (1–50 μm). To characterize fibroblast confinement, a quantitative 3D confocal fluorescence imaging workflow for 3D cell shape representation is presented. The methodology advanced allows the extraction of cellular and subcellular morphometric features including the number, location, and 3D distance distribution metrics of the shape-bearing focal adhesion (FA) proteins.
Iron Particle Size Effects for Direct Production of Lower Olefins from Synthesis Gas (2012)

The Fischer-Tropsch synthesis of lower olefins (FTO) is an alternative process for the production of key chemical building blocks from non-petroleum-based sources such as natural gas, coal, or biomass. The influence of the iron carbide particle size of promoted and unpromoted carbon nanofiber supported catalysts on the conversion of synthesis gas has been investigated at 340-350 °C, H(2)/CO = 1, and pressures of 1 and 20 bar. The surface-specific activity (apparent TOF) based on the initial activity of unpromoted catalysts at 1 bar increased 6-8-fold when the average iron carbide size decreased from 7 to 2 nm, while methane and lower olefins selectivity were not affected. The same decrease in particle size for catalysts promoted by Na plus S resulted at 20 bar in a 2-fold increase of the apparent TOF based on initial activity which was mainly caused by a higher yield of methane for the smallest particles. Presumably, methane formation takes place at highly active low coordination sites residing at corners and edges, which are more abundant on small iron carbide particles. Lower olefins are produced at promoted (stepped) terrace sites that are available and active, quite independent of size. These results demonstrate that the iron carbide particle size plays a crucial role in the design of active and selective FTO catalysts.
Coset codes viewed as terminated convolutional codes (1996)

Coset codes are considered as terminated convolutional codes. Based on this approach, three new general results are presented. First, it is shown that the iterative squaring construction can equivalently be defined from a convolutional code whose trellis terminates. This convolutional code determines a simple encoder for the coset code considered, and the state and branch labelings of the associated trellis diagram become straightforward. Also, from the generator matrix of the code in its convolutional code form, much information about the trade-off between the state connectivity and complexity at each section, and the parallel structure of the trellis, is directly available. Based on this generator matrix, it is shown that the parallel branches in the trellis diagram of the convolutional code represent the same coset code C/sub 1/ of smaller dimension and shorter length. Utilizing this fact, a two-stage optimum trellis decoding method is devised. The first stage decodes C/sub 1/ while the second stage decodes the associated convolutional code, using the branch metrics delivered by stage 1. Finally, a bidirectional decoding of each received block starting at both ends is presented. If about the same number of computations is required, this approach remains very attractive from a practical point of view as it roughly doubles the decoding speed. This fact is particularly interesting whenever the second half of the trellis is the mirror image of the first half, since the same decoder can be implemented for both parts.
ADVANCED HYBRID PARTICULATE COLLECTOR (2000)

A new concept in particulate control, called an advanced hybrid particulate collector (AHPC), is being developed under funding from the US Department of Energy. The AHPC combines the best features of electrostatic precipitators (ESPs) and baghouses in an entirely novel manner. The AHPC concept combines fabric filtration and electrostatic precipitation in the same housing, providing major synergism between the two methods, both in the particulate collection step and in transfer of dust to the hopper. The AHPC provides ultrahigh collection efficiency, overcoming the problem of excessive fine-particle emissions with conventional ESPs, and solves the problem of reentrainment and recollection of dust in conventional baghouses. Phase I of the development effort consisted of design, construction, and testing of a 5.7-m{sup 3}/min (200-acfm) working AHPC model. Results from both 8-hour parametric tests and 100-hour proof-of-concept tests with two different coals demonstrated excellent operability and greater than 99.99% fine-particle collection efficiency.
INNOVATIVE MATERIALS AND DESIGN OF SOUNDWALLS (1997)

This report documents a study of the feasibility of using soundwalls constructed of recycled plastics in place of conventional building materials. Important considerations in selecting materials used in this study include: environmental impact, acoustics, aesthetics, performance, safety, and cost. Various recycled materials were solicited from commercial manufacturers and subjected to a number of laboratory and field tests. These tests include three-point bending tests, impact hammer excitations, and exposure to different types of weather. Based on those results, several of the most promising materials were selected for construction of a full-scale field installation of a test section of a soundwall. This field section was monitored for a period of one year for response to environmental factors such as wind and exposure to ultraviolet radiation. Analysis of the field structure includes system identification of dynamic characteristics, finite element simulation, and acoustic performance. Results show that noise insertion loss of the soundwall is exceptional. Structurally, the prototype soundwall performed adequately over the course of the project with only a few members showing detrimental effects from the harsh thermal environment. System identification and experimental analysis of test data were successfully implemented and indicate that the prototype soundwall is moderately wind sensitive. A finite element model of the soundwall was developed to simulate both static and dynamic response to loads. Using methods of modal superposition and random response, deflection was predicted for the top of the wall due to application of a strong wind event.
Ecomycins, unique antimycotics from Pseudomonas viridiflava (1998)

A novel family of peptide antimycotics, termed ecomycins, is described from Pseudomonas viridiflava, a plant-associated bacterium. Ecomycins B and C have molecular masses of 1153 and 1181. They contain equimolar amounts of a beta hydroxyaspartic acid, homoserine, threonine, serine, alanine, glycine and one unknown amino acid. Fatty acids were detectable after hydrolysis, methylation and gas chromatography and mass spectroscopy. The ecomycins have significant bioactivities against a wide range of human and plant pathogenic fungi. The minimum inhibitory concentration values for ecomycin B were 4.0 micrograms ml-1 against Cryptococcus neoformans and 31 micrograms ml-1 against Candida albicans. Pseudomonas viridiflava also produces what appears to be syringotoxin, an antifungal lipopeptide previously described from Ps. syringae.
Deep Neural Network <i>a Posteriori</i> Probability Detector for Two-Dimensional Magnetic Recording (2020)

In two-dimensional magnetic recording (TDMR) channels, intersymbol interference (within and between tracks) and patterndependent media noise are impediments to reaching higher areal density. We propose a novel deep neural network (DNN)-based aposteriori probability (APP) detection system with parallel multi-track detection for TDMR channels. The proposed DNN-based APP detector replaces the trellis-based Bahl-Cocke-Jelinek-Raviv (BCJR) or Viterbi algorithm and pattern-dependent noise prediction (PDNP) in a typical TDMR scenario, in which it directly outputs log-likelihood ratios of the coded bits and iteratively exchanges them with a subsequent channel decoder to minimize bit error rate (BER). We investigate three DNN architectures-fully connected DNN, convolutional neural network (CNN), and long short-term memory (LSTM) network. The DNN's complexity is limited by employing linear partial response (PR) equalizer pre-processing. The best performing DNN architecture, CNN, is selected for iterative decoding with a channel decoder. Simulation results on a grain-flipping-probability (GFP) media model show that all three DNN architectures yield significant BER reductions over a recently proposed 2D-PDNP system and a previously proposed local area influence probabilistic (LAIP)-BCJR system. On a GFP model with 18 nm track pitch and 11.4 Teragrains/in <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> , the CNN detection system achieves an information areal density of 3.08 Terabits/in <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> , i.e., a 21.72% density gain over a standard BCJR-based 1D-PDNP; the CNN-based system also has 3× the throughput of 1D-PDNP, yet requires only 1/10th the computer run time.
Intraocular Camera Design for Retinal Prostheses (2005)

A novel miniaturized intraocular video camera for use in conjunction with an epiretinal microstimulator array as a retinal prosthesis has been designed, optimized for low pixel resolution, fabricated, surgically implanted in a canine, and characterized.
SU‐E‐T‐250: New IMRT Sequencing Strategy: Towards Intra‐Fraction Plan Adaptation for the MR‐Linac (2014)

Purpose: To develop a new sequencer for IMRT planning that during treatment makes the inclusion of external factors possible and by doing so accounts for intra‐fraction anatomy changes. Given a real‐time imaging modality that will provide the updated patient anatomy during delivery, this sequencer is able to take these changes into account during the calculation of subsequent segments. Methods: Pencil beams are generated for each beam angle of the treatment and a fluence optimization is performed. The pencil beams, together with the patient anatomy and the above optimal fluence form the input of our algorithm. During each iteration the following steps are performed: A fluence optimization is done and each beam's fluence is then split to discrete intensity levels. Deliverable segments are calculated for each one of these. Each segment's area multiplied by its intensity describes its efficiency. The most efficient segment among all beams is then chosen to deliver a part of the calculated fluence and the dose that will be delivered by this segment is calculated. This delivered dose is then subtracted from the remaining dose. This loop is repeated until 90% of the dose has been delivered and a final segment weight optimization is performed to reach full convergence. Results: This algorithm was tested in several prostate cases yielding results that meet all clinical constraints. Quality assurance was performed on Delta4 and film phantoms for one of these prostate cases and received clinical acceptance after passing both gamma analyses with the 3%/3mm criteria. Conclusion: A new sequencing algorithm was developed to facilitate the needs of intensity modulated treatment. The first results on static anatomy confirm that it can calculate clinical plans equivalent to those of the commercially available planning systems. We are now working towards 100% dose convergence which will allow us to handle anatomy deformations. This work is financially supported by Elekta AB, Stockholm, Sweden.
Partial Access Mode: New Method for Reducing Power Consumption of Dynamic Random Access Memory (2013)

Demands have been placed on a dynamic random access memory (DRAM) to not only have increased memory capacity and data transfer speed, but also have reduced operating and standby currents. When a system uses a DRAM, a refresh operation is necessary because of its data retention time restriction: each bit of the DRAM is stored as an amount of electrical charge in a storage capacitor that is discharged by the leakage current. Power consumption for the refresh operation increases in proportion to the memory capacity. We propose a new method to reduce the refresh power consumption by effectively extending the memory cell retention time. Conversion from 1 cell/bit to 2 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">N</sup> cells/bit reduces the variation in the retention time among memory cells. Although active power increases by a factor of 2 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">N</sup> , the refresh time increases by more than 2 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">N</sup> as a consequence of the fact that the majority decision does better than averaging for the tail distribution of retention time. The conversion can be realized very simply from the structure of the DRAM array circuit, and it reduces the frequency of disturbance and power consumption by two orders of magnitude. On the basis of this conversion method, we propose a partial access mode to reduce power consumption dynamically when the full memory capacity is not required.
Alignment of the Virtual Scene to the Tracking Space of a Mixed Reality Head-Mounted Display (2017)

With the mounting global interest for optical see-through head-mounted displays (OST-HMDs) across medical, industrial and entertainment settings, many systems with different capabilities are rapidly entering the market. Despite such variety, they all require display calibration to create a proper mixed reality environment. With the aid of tracking systems, it is possible to register rendered graphics with tracked objects in the real world. We propose a calibration procedure to properly align the coordinate system of a 3D virtual scene that the user sees with that of the tracker. Our method takes a blackbox approach towards the HMD calibration, where the tracker's data is its input and the 3D coordinates of a virtual object in the observer's eye is the output; the objective is thus to find the 3D projection that aligns the virtual content with its real counterpart. In addition, a faster and more intuitive version of this calibration is introduced in which the user simultaneously aligns multiple points of a single virtual 3D object with its real counterpart; this reduces the number of required repetitions in the alignment from 20 to only 4, which leads to a much easier calibration task for the user. In this paper, both internal (HMD camera) and external tracking systems are studied. We perform experiments with Microsoft HoloLens, taking advantage of its self localization and spatial mapping capabilities to eliminate the requirement for line of sight from the HMD to the object or external tracker. The experimental results indicate an accuracy of up to 4 mm in the average reprojection error based on two separate evaluation methods. We further perform experiments with the internal tracking on the Epson Moverio BT-300 to demonstrate that the method can provide similar results with other HMDs.
New antihistaminic N-heterocyclic 4-piperidinamines. 3. Synthesis and antihistaminic activity of N-(4-piperidinyl)-3H-imidazo[4,5-b]pyridin-2-amines (1985)

To study the bioisosteric replacement of a 2-pyridyl ring for a phenyl nucleus in astemizole, a series of N-(4-piperidinyl)-3H-imidazo[4,5-b]pyridin-2-amines was synthesized and evaluated. The title compounds were obtained starting from either 8a or 8b by four synthetic methods. The in vivo antihistamine activity was evaluated by the compound 48/80-induced lethality test in rats and the histamine-induced lethality test in guinea pigs after oral and/or subcutaneous administration. Compound 37, the isostere of astemizole, showed the most potent antihistaminic properties in the rat. However, astemizole is superior to 37 as to duration of action and total potency.
Tailored-gain broad-area semiconductor laser with single-lobed diffraction-limited far-field pattern (1985)

We demonstrate a 60 μm-wide asymmetric tailored-gain broad-area semiconductor laser with a single-lobed diffraction-limited far-field pattern 2.5° wide. The method used to achieve gain tailoring may be used to create nearly arbitrary two-dimensional spatial gain distributions within a broad-area laser.
Processor coupling (1992)

The technology to implement a single-chip node composed of 4 high-performance floating-point ALUs will be available by 1995. This paper presents processor coupling, a mechanism for controlling multiple ALUs to exploit both instruction-level and inter-thread parallelism, by using compile time and runtime scheduling. The compiler statically schedules individual threads to discover available intra-thread instruction-level parallelism. The runtime scheduling mechanism interleaves threads, exploiting inter-thread parallelism to maintain high ALU utilization. ALUs are assigned to threads on a cycle by cycle basis, and several threads can be active concurrently. We provide simulation results demonstrating that, on four simple numerical benchmarks, processor coupling achieves better performance than purely statically scheduled or multi-processor machine organizations. We examine how performance is affected by restricted communication between ALUs and by long memory latencies. We also present an implementation and feasibility study of a processor coupled node.
Interactions amongst rabies virus nucleoprotein, phosphoprotein and genomic RNA in virus-infected and transfected cells (2004)

Previous in vitro studies have indicated that rabies virus (RV) phosphoprotein (P), by interacting with the nucleoprotein (N), confers the specificity of genomic RNA encapsidation by N. In this study, interactions amongst N, P and the genomic RNA in virus-infected as well as in transfected cells were studied. The results showed that when N was expressed alone, it bound non-specific RNA, particularly the N mRNA. When N and P were co-expressed, they formed N-P complexes that did not bind to non-specific RNA. When N and P were co-expressed together with (mini-)genomic RNA, N-P complexes preferentially bound the (mini-)genomic RNA. This demonstrated that RV P, by binding to N, does indeed confer specificity of genomic RNA encapsidation by N in vivo. Furthermore, the role of N phosphorylation in the N, P and RNA interactions was investigated. It was found that only N that bound to RNA was phosphorylated, while N in the N-P complex prior to RNA encapsidation was not, suggesting that RV P, by binding to nascent N, prevents the immediate phosphorylation of de novo-synthesized N. However, mutation at the phosphorylation site of N did not alter the pattern of N-P and N-RNA interactions, indicating that N phosphorylation per se does not play a direct role in N-P interaction and RNA encapsidation.