gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
End-to-end joint learning of natural language understanding and dialogue manager (2017)

Natural language understanding and dialogue policy learning are both essential in conversational systems that predict the next system actions in response to a current user utterance. Conventional approaches aggregate separate models of natural language understanding (NLU) and system action prediction (SAP) as a pipeline that is sensitive to noisy outputs of error-prone NLU. To address the issues, we propose an end-to-end deep recurrent neural network with limited contextual dialogue memory by jointly training NLU and SAP on DSTC4 multi-domain human-human dialogues. Experiments show that our proposed model significantly outperforms the state-of-the-art pipeline models for both NLU and SAP, which indicates that our joint model is capable of mitigating the affects of noisy NLU outputs, and NLU model can be refined by error flows backpropagating from the extra supervised signals of system actions.
The Th1 Immune Response to<i>Plasmodium falciparum</i>Circumsporozoite Protein Is Boosted by Adenovirus Vectors 35 and 26 with a Homologous Insert (2010)

The most advanced malaria vaccine, RTS,S, is comprised of a portion of the Plasmodium falciparum circumsporozoite (CS) protein, fused to and admixed with the hepatitis B virus surface antigen, and an adjuvant [corrected].This vaccine confers short-term protection against malaria infection, with an efficacy of about 50%, and induces particularly B-cell and CD4(+) T-cell responses.In the present study, we tested the hypothesis that the Th1 immune response to CS protein,in particular the CD8(+) T-cell response, which is needed for strong and lasting malaria immunity, is boosted to sustainable levels by adenovirus vectors 35 and 26 with a homologous insert (Ad35.CS/Ad26.CS) [corrected]. In this study, we evaluated immune responses induced with vaccination regimens based on an adjuvant-containing, yeast-produced complete CS protein followed by two recombinant low-seroprevalence adenoviruses expressing P. falciparum CS antigen, Ad35.CS (subgroup B) and Ad26.CS (subgroup D). Our results show that (i) the yeast (Hansenula polymorpha)produced, adjuvanted full-length CS protein is highly potent in inducing high CS-specific humoral responses in mice but produces poor T-cell responses, (ii) the Ad35.CS vector boosts the gamma interferon-positive (IFN-γ(+)) CD8(+) T-cell response induced by the CS protein immunization and shifts the immune response toward the Th1 type, and (iii) a three-component heterologous vaccination comprised of a CS protein prime followed by boosts with Ad35.CS and Ad26.CS elicits an even more robust and sustainable IFN-γ(+) CD8(+) T-cell response than one- or two-component regimens. The Ad35.CS/Ad26.CS combination boosted particularly the IFN-γ(+) and tumor necrosis factor alpha-positive (TNF-α(+)) T cells, confirming the shift of the immune response from the Th2 type to the Th1 type. These results support the notion of first immunizations of infants with an adjuvanted CS protein vaccine, followed by a booster Ad35.CS/Ad26.CS vaccine at a later age, to induce lasting protection against malaria for which the Th1 response and immune memory is required.
QUANTUM CIRCUIT FOR ENTANGLING PROBE (2006)

The quantum circuit and design are given for an optimized entangling probe attacking the BB84 protocol of quantum key distribution and yielding maximum information to the probe. Probe photon polarization states become entangled with the signal states on their way between the legitimate transmitter and receiver.
Absolute calibration of the helium gas jet noise source (1978)

A helium gas jet produces a convenient and reproducible localized (point source) displacement spectrum over the frequency range 0.2–1.0 MHz. The calibration spectrum has a maximum value of 10 Å at 200 kHz and decreases approximately logarithmically with increasing frequency to about 0.2 Å at 0.8 MHz. Comparison of a detected voltage spectrum for an acoustic emission event with the helium gas jet system spectrum permits the displacement amplitude spectrum of the acoustic emission source event to be determined using the calibration spectrum. The source event spectrum thus obtained can be transferred between different systems via the helium gas jet system spectra.The knowledge of the actual localized displacement spectrum associated with an acoustic emission source event should permit quantitative deductions to be made about the relation between the observed acoustic emission signals and the micro-failure processes that give rise to the acoustic emission events.
Timely detection of dynamical change in scalp EEG signals (2000)

We present a robust, model-independent technique for quantifying changes in the dynamics underlying nonlinear time-serial data. After constructing discrete density distributions of phase-space points on the attractor for time-windowed data sets, we measure the dissimilarity between density distributions via L(1)-distance and chi(2) statistics. The discriminating power of the new measures is first tested on data generated by the Bondarenko "synthetic brain" model. We also compare traditional nonlinear measures and the new dissimilarity measures to detect dynamical change in scalp EEG data. The results demonstrate a clear superiority of the new measures in comparison to traditional nonlinear measures as robust and timely discriminators of changing dynamics. (c) 2000 American Institute of Physics.
High-Temperature Viscoelastic Surfactant Fluids with Low Scaling Tendency and Based on Seawater, Produced Water, or Brines (2018)

Abstract The viscoelastic surfactant (VES) fluids have been widely used in oilfield operations due to their advantages over polymer-based linear or crosslinked fluids that include low formation damage, good proppant suspending and carrying ability, strong tolerance to low-quality water, to name a few. Most of the conventional VES fluid systems, however, have upper temperature limits at around 250°F, beyond which the fluid performance and stability quickly deteriorate. In this paper, a new type of VES fluids formulated with seawater, produced water, or brines showed excellent performances at 350°F or higher, while at the same time had low scaling tendency upon mixing with high-TDS formation water downhole. To reduce the chemical cost of the new VES fluids, a number of novel and low-cost additives were successfully identified that significantly increased the fluid viscosity at elevated temperatures, resulting in similar or better fluid performances with reduced dosages of the VES molecules. The selected VES-enhancing additives strengthened the VES fluids formulated with various sources of water including low-quality water like seawater or produced water at high temperatures up to 350°F or more. In one example, when additive-I was added at the dosage of about 0.8% by weight, the VES fluid viscosity was enhanced by about 35% on average between 300 and 350°F. At 350°F, the viscosity enhancement was about 50% with the same loading of additive-I. The overall cost of the additive-I applied was below 3% that of the baseline VES fluid. In another case, compared with the baseline VES fluid, additive-II at the dosage of about 0.8% by weight raised the fluid viscosity at 350°F to over four times. The cost of the additive-II used in the case was also trivial when compared with that of the baseline fluid. The fluid viscosity could also be enhanced when a number of other selected additives were added to the VES fluids at appropriate dosages. The additive-enhanced VES fluids, in the meantime, caused only minimal damage to the formation, as the regained permeability was about 90%. The novel VES-enhancing additives might have, through van der Waals forces, simultaneously attached to multiple VES micelles in the fluids, thus strengthening the three-dimensional network of the VES micelles. This way, the overall fluid viscosity could be increased. Further discussions about the enhancing behaviors and mechanisms of the selected additives in the VES fluids formulated with seawater, produced water, or brines, and the laboratory test results will be presented in detail.
ChemInform Abstract: Chemical Preconversion: Application of Low‐Severity Pretreatment Chemistries for Commoditization of Lignocellulosic Feedstock (2013)

Abstract Review: 114 refs.
Single-channel Speech Extraction Using Speaker Inventory and Attention Network (2019)

Neural network-based speech separation has received a surge of interest in recent years. Previously proposed methods either are speaker independent or extract a target speaker's voice by using his or her voice snippet. In applications such as home devices or office meeting transcriptions, a possible speaker list is available, which can be leveraged for speech separation. This paper proposes a novel speech extraction method that utilizes an inventory of voice snippets of possible interfering speakers, or speaker enrollment data, in addition to that of the target speaker. Furthermore, an attention-based network architecture is proposed to form time-varying masks for both the target and other speakers during the separation process. This architecture does not reduce the enrollment audio of each speaker into a single vector, thereby allowing each short time frame of the input mixture signal to be aligned and accurately compared with the enrollment signals. We evaluate the proposed system on a speaker extraction task derived from the Libri corpus and show the effectiveness of the method.
11.1: <i>Invited Paper</i> : Brain‐Display Interaction and Its Biomedical Application Using Steady‐State Visual Evoked Potentials (2015)

Applying steady‐state visual evoked potentials (SSVEPs) on a display system, a novel brain‐display interaction (BDI) system was presented. This study further proposed an imperceptible flickering visual stimulus to make a SSVEP‐based BDI more practical and promising for biomedical applications, such us glaucoma visual field loss diagnosis.
Patterned growth of gallium arsenide on silicon (1988)

The molecular-beam epitaxial (MBE) growth of GaAs on silicon through openings in an oxide or nitride mask is an attractive alternative to the conventional full wafer deposition of GaAs on silicon for the monolithic integration of GaAs and Si devices. We have investigated techniques for the patterned growth of GaAs on Si and have found that single-crystal GaAs regions of high-crystalline quality can be successfully grown on silicon substrates. When the MBE growth is performed through holes in a mask onto the original planar silicon surface, the GaAs transformed from polycrystalline to single-crystal growth directly above the termination point of the wet etched oxide mask. Postgrowth annealing was found to drastically change the defect structure by causing single-crystal overgrowth of the mask, an elimination of the transition region defects, and significant grain growth in the remaining polycrystalline GaAs. Growth within etched trenches in the Si substrate also produced GaAs of good crystalline quality, although the defect density was higher than that observed in the GaAs grown on the original Si surface. Postgrowth annealing of the trench grown GaAs again led to a reduction in the number of structural defects and a dramatic change in defect morphology. Reasonable performance has been obtained from devices fabricated on both types of patterned GaAs.
Carbon nanotube fiber array field emission cathodes (2016)

Summary form only given. Field emission (FE) cathodes made from carbon nanotube (CNT) fibers have demonstrated high emission currents, low turn-on voltages, long lifetimes and offer considerable potential for use as electron sources for vacuum electronic devices. CNT fibers were fabricated by wet-spinning of pre-made CNTs1 and consist of CNT fibrils held together by van der Waals forces. The fibers were 50μm in diameter and their morphology was controlled by fabrication method, processing conditions, as well as purity, size, and type of the CNT starting material. These fibers have demonstrated stable field emission currents exceeding 1 mA for 10 hours2. Cathode arrays were made by weaving the CNT fiber into carbon cloth which is then mounted to a graphite block. All fibers were cut to uniform height by holding the fibers between 2 glass slides and cutting with a razor blade across the top. A 5×5 array consisting of 5mm long fibers spaced 5mm apart was fabricated. The array was tested in a diode configuration test stand with DC emission current reaching 17mA for an applied field strength of 0.39V/am. The cathode array demonstrated stable emission at ~9mA for 1 hour of operation. A 10×10 array consisting of 1mm length fibers spaced 1mm apart has been fabricated and the results will be presented.
Linearization of scan velocity of resonant vibrating-mirror beam deflectors (1988)

The sinelike behavior of the scan velocity of resonant vibrating-mirror beam deflectors can be linearized by external optics. A good approximation can be achieved by reflection off an elliptical mirror after the deflector. With a moderately large major-to-minor-axes ratio, a substantial linear region is found over the total scan range in typical deflectors. Numerical simulations are presented to show how linearization can be optimized for a given scan requirement.
Color image embedding using multidimensional lattice structures (2002)

This paper describes a robust data embedding scheme which uses noise resilient channel codes based on a multidimensional lattice structure. Compared to prior work in digital watermarking, the proposed scheme can handle a significantly larger quantity of signature data such as gray-scale or color images. A trade-off between the quantity of hidden data and the quality of the watermarked image is achieved by varying the number of quantization levels for the signature, and a scale factor for data embedding. Experimental results on signature recovery from JPEG compressed watermarked images show that good quality reconstruction is possible even when the images are lossy compressed by as much as 85%. Potential applications of this method include, in addition to watermarking, digital data hiding for security and for bit stream control and manipulation.
Investigation of novel autoantibodies in Sjogren’s syndrome utilizing Sera from the Sjogren’s international collaborative clinical alliance cohort (2015)

Anti-Ro and anti-La identify patients with SS and more severe disease than anti-SP1, anti-CA6, and anti-PSP. More studies are needed to identify the timing in the course of SS when these different autoantibodies are expressed and/or whether they are expressed in patients with different clinical manifestations.
Allelic variation in the VMD2 gene in best disease and age-related macular degeneration. (2000)

To assess the allelic variation of the VMD2 gene in patients with Best disease and age-related macular degeneration (AMD).Three hundred twenty-one AMD patients, 192 ethnically similar control subjects, 39 unrelated probands with familial Best disease, and 57 unrelated probands with the ophthalmoscopic findings of Best disease but no family history were screened for sequence variations in the VMD2 gene by single-strand conformation polymorphism (SSCP) analysis. Amplimers showing a bandshift were reamplified and sequenced bidirectionally. In addition, the coding regions of the VMD2 gene were completely sequenced in six probands with familial Best disease who showed no SSCP shift.Forty different probable or possible disease-causing mutations were found in one or more Best disease or AMD patients. Twenty-nine of these variations are novel. Of the 39 probands with familial Best disease, mutations were detected in all 39 (33 by SSCP and 6 by DNA sequencing). SSCP screening of the 57 probands with a clinical diagnosis of Best disease but no family history revealed 16 with mutations. Mutations were found in 5 of 321 AMD patients (1.5%), a fraction that was not significantly greater than in control individuals (0/192, 0%).Patients with the clinical diagnosis of Best disease are significantly more likely to have a mutation in the VMD2 gene if they also have a positive family history. These findings suggest that a small fraction of patients with the clinical diagnosis of AMD may actually have a late-onset variant of Best disease, whereas at the same time, a considerable fraction of isolated patients with the ophthalmoscopic features of Best disease are probably affected with some other macular disease.
Middleware and Performance Issues for Computational Finance Applications on Blue Gene/L (2007)

We discuss real-world case studies involving the implementation of a Web services middleware tier for the IBM Blue Gene/L supercomputer to support financial business applications. These programs that are representative of a class of modern financial analytics that take part in distributed business workflows and are heavily database-centric with input and output data stored in external SQL data warehouses. We describe the design issues related to the development of our middleware tier that provides a number of core features, including an automated SQL data extraction and staging gateway, a standardized high-level job specification schema, a well-defined Web services (SOAP) API for interoperability with other applications, and a secure HTML/JSP Web-based interface suitable for general users. Further, we provide observations on performance optimizations to support the relevant data movement requirements.
Abstract 3976: PD-1 blockade combined with TEGVAX (TLR agonists-enhanced GVAX) can induce regression of established palpable tumors. (2013)

Abstract Background: Cell-based vaccines have been developed for several types of tumors, but these vaccines have two critical shortcomings that weaken their clinical efficacy. The first of which is a limited capability to activate antigen presenting cells. Second, they fail to address critical immune checkpoint molecules that dampen the subsequent T-cell response against the established tumor. In order to optimize the activation of antigen presenting cells capable of marshaling both an innate and adaptive immune response against the tumor, we formulated a GM-CSF secreting tumor cell vaccine with multiple TLR agonists. To address the immune checkpoint signaling pathway, we combined our formulated vaccine with a blocking αPD-1 antibody in two mouse models of established tumor - one with melanoma and the other with tongue cancer. Methods: To optimize in vivo efficacy of anti-tumor T-cell response, we engineered TEGVAX, a GM-CSF secreting cell-based tumor vaccine formulated with GLA (TLR4 agonist) and R848 (TLR7/8 agonists), molecules that are amenable for clinical translation. We then combined TEGVAX with αPD-1 blocking antibody (G4 clone) in the murine B16 melanoma and SCCFVII tongue cancer model. Furthermore, we studied immunological parameters that correlated with in vivo anti-tumor response. Results: In both B16 and SCCFVII treatment models, TEGVAX demonstrated statistically significantly (p&lt;0.01) enhanced anti-tumor responses in comparison to the parental cell vaccine in vivo. For tumor bearing mice treated with TEGVAX, these potent anti-tumor responses were correlated with a statistically significant increase in CD4+ and CD8+ T-cells that secrete IFNγ in the tumor microenvironment. TEGVAX treated mice also had significantly higher levels of tumor antigen p15E-specific cell mediated killing in vivo. Blockade of the PD-1 immune checkpoint pathway further augmented the therapeutic potential of TEGVAX and induced the regression of established B16 and SCCFVII tumors. Conclusion: When combined with αPD-1 antibody, TEGVAX was able to induce regression of established B16 and SCCFVII tumors. Our results with these combinatorial immunotherapeutic strategies provide preclinical evidence to support the translation of these reagents for HNSCC or melanoma patients that are refractory to standard treatment modalities. Citation Format: Ian-James Malm, Juan Fu, Drew Pardoll, Young J. Kim. PD-1 blockade combined with TEGVAX (TLR agonists-enhanced GVAX) can induce regression of established palpable tumors. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 104th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2013 Apr 6-10; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2013;73(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 3976. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2013-3976
<title>Uncooled infrared sensors with digital focal plane array</title> (1996)

Loral Infrared & Imaging Systems is developing low cost, high performance, uncooled infrared imaging products for both military and commercial applications. These products are based on the microbolometer technology, a silicon micromachined sensor which combines the wafer level silicon processing with a device structure capable of yielding excellent infrared imaging performance. Here, we report on the development of an uncooled sensor, the LTC500, which incorporates an all digital focal plane array and has a measured NETD of less than 70 mK. The focal plane array and the electronics within the LTC500 have been designed as an integrated unit to meet a broad range of end user applications by providing features such as nonuniformity correction, autogain and level, NTSC video, and digital outputs. The 327 X 245 element focal plane array has a 46.25 micrometers pixel pitch and an on focal plane array 14 bit to analog to digital converter (ADC). The ADC has a measured instantaneous dynamic range of more than 76 dB at a 6.1 MHz output data rate and 60 Hz frame rate. The focal plane array consumes less than 500 mW of power, of which less than 250 mW is used in the ADC. An additional 36 dB of digital coarse offset correction in front of the ADC on the focal plane array results in a total electronic dynamic range of 112 dB. The MRT of the LTC500 camera has been measured at less 0.2 C at fo.© (1996) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.
Novel technique for measuring the residual stress and the photoelastic effect profile of an optical fiber (2002)

A novel method is demonstrated for determining the photoelastic effect profile as well as the residual stress profile of an optical fiber for the first time. Measurement results of the residual stress profiles and the photoelastic effect profiles of a B-Ge doped fiber and an Er-Al doped fiber are demonstrated by using this technique with its spatial resolution better than 0.8 pm.
Microaspherical lens fabricated by electron-beam lithography (1989)

The microaspherical lens has attractive characteristics: diffraction-limited capabilities, ultrasmall size, monolithic Integration with other optical elements, and the possibility of contributing to a lens array. Microaspherical lenses will be effective in simplifying optoelectronic equipment such as image sensors,1 pattern recognition systems,2 compact disk heads,3 and optical systems Incorporating various kinds of sensor.