gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Differential atomic magnetometry based on a diverging laser beam (2007)

The authors demonstrate a novel atomic magnetometer that uses differential detection of the spatially diverging components of a light field to monitor the Larmor precession frequency of atoms in a thermal vapor. The design is implemented in compact form with a micromachined alkali vapor cell and a naturally divergent light field emitted by a vertical-cavity surface-emitting laser. Operating the magnetometer in differential mode cancels common-mode noise and improves the sensitivity by a factor of 26 over single-channel operation. They also suggest ways in which the current sensitivity of 28pT∕√Hz may be improved further without sacrificing size or simplicity.
Frequency uncertainty improvement in a STFT-BOTDR using highly nonlinear optical fibers (2018)

The sensitivity of a sensor to strain or the temperature variations due to distributed Brillouin scattering are partially related to the type of fibers used and the Brillouin scattering induced effective index. In this paper, a highly nonlinear fiber that can generate a higher Brillouin scattering signal is compared to a standard single mode fiber in a short-time-Fourier-transform Brillouin optical time domain reflectometer (STFT-BOTDR). The results show that much higher signal to noise ratios of the Brillouin scattering spectrum and smaller frequency uncertainties in the sensing measurement can be achieved in the highly nonlinear fiber for comparable launched powers. With a measurement speed of 4 Hz, the frequency uncertainty can be 0.43 MHz, corresponding to 10 με in strain or 0.43°C in temperature uncertainty for the highly nonlinear fiber. In contrast, for the standard single mode fiber case, the value would increase to about 1.02 MHz (25 με or 1.02°C), demonstrating the advantage of the highly nonlinear fiber for distributed strain/temperature sensing.
Sequential Characterization of Atrial Tachyarrhythmias Based on ECG Time-Frequency Analysis (2004)

A new method for characterization of atrial arrhythmias is presented which is based on the time-frequency distribution of an atrial electrocardiographic signal. A set of parameters are derived which describe fundamental frequency, amplitude, shape, and signal-to-noise ratio. The method uses frequency-shifting of an adaptively updated spectral profile, representing the shape of the atrial waveforms, in order to match each new spectrum of the distribution. The method tracks how well the spectral profile fits each spectrum as well as if a valid atrial signal is present. The results are based on the analysis of a learning database with signals from 40 subjects, of which 24 have atrial arrhythmias, and an evaluation database with 211 patients diagnosed with atrial fibrillation. It is shown that the method robustly estimates fibrillation frequency and amplitude and produces spectral profiles with narrower peaks and more discernible harmonics when compared to the conventional power spectrum. The results suggest that a rather strong correlation exist between atrial fibrillation frequency and f wave shape. The developed set of parameters may be used as a basis for automated classification of different atrial rhythms.
Electropolymerized Films for the Construction of Ultramicrobiosensors and Electron-Mediated Amperometric Biosensors (1992)

Electropolymerized films of poly(1,3-diaminobenzene) were used in the construction of an ultramicrobiosensor for glucose and an electron-mediated glucose biosensor. The ultramicrobiosensor is based on 25 μm diameter platinum disk electrodes, and is capable of direct measurement. Glucose oxidase is immobilized by a combination of adsorption and glutaraldehyde cross-linking, and an electropolymerized, insulating film is used to prevent fouling and signals from interfering species. These sensors have small background currents and fast response times (15-30 s, 100% response). An electron-mediated glucose biosensor was made by incorporating 1,1'-dimethylferrocene in electropolymerized 1,3-diaminobenzene, and immobilizing glucose oxidase. These biosensors had a linear response up to 76 mM glucose, showed little interference from oxygen, and they were stable for about three months.
New Predictive Model for the Study of Vertical Forces (up to 250 Hz) Induced on the Tire Hub by Road Irregularities (2002)

Abstract A physical model has been developed in order to study the forces induced on the tire by road irregularities. It works in a range of frequencies 0–250 Hz, i.e. up to frequencies that are felt by the passengers as noise and vibrations, but it can be easily improved to 400 Hz. The model can resolve road irregularities with wavelength greater than 5 cm (pavement megatexture). The parameters of this model have been identified by comparison with special virtual tests performed on a 3D finite element model of the tire, i.e. without using any experimental data. Once built, the model can be used to analyze the forces transmitted by the tire to the vehicle while passing over various pavement textures for testing both the tire‐vehicle system and the pavement textures. Since the model doesn't require any experimental data, it can be used to predict the dynamical characteristics of tires which haven't been built yet, speeding up the optimization process of tires under development. Due to its characteristics, this model appears to be a powerful tool for a joint analysis of vehicle and tire, but it would require vehicle models with a similar frequency response range, currently not reported in literature. Comparisons with the results of indoor cleat tests and with measurements on a test car with an instrumented wheel hub have shown that the mathematical model reproduces with good accuracy the behavior of the tire in the frequency range of interest.
Dual-Band Mixer Design (2005)

This paper presents a dual-band mixer equipped with a dual-band load using current combine technique to minimize chip area by sharing inductors for each frequency band. A systematic design methodology for the current combine load based on parasitic effect considerations is also developed. By following the proposed design procedure, the load inductance and combine capacitance for the dual-band mixer can be easily determined. A 2.4/5.2-GHz CMOS mixer design has been implemented to demonstrate the feasibility of the design technique.
Media-independent pre-authentication supporting secure interdomain handover optimization (2008)

Handovers may cause delays and packet losses that affect real-time communication performance. Mobility protocols at several layers are designed to support handover, but they need to be optimized to ensure high-quality application performance. Existing optimization techniques are not sufficient to take care of interdomain and intertechnology handovers involving different access technologies, such as Wi-Fi, GSM, CDMA, and WiMAX. We categorize several types of handover, describe handover delay components, and propose a handover optimization framework called media independent pre-authentication that can provide optimizations for interdomain and intertechnology handover in a manner that is transparent to mobility management protocols. In addition, we also present experimental results demonstrating that this framework can achieve a significant reduction in handover delays for both network-layer and application-layer mobility management protocols.
Single-pot glycoprotein biosynthesis using a cell-free transcription-translation system enriched with glycosylation machinery (2018)

The emerging discipline of bacterial glycoengineering has made it possible to produce designer glycans and glycoconjugates for use as vaccines and therapeutics. Unfortunately, cell-based production of homogeneous glycoproteins remains a significant challenge due to cell viability constraints and the inability to control glycosylation components at precise ratios in vivo. To address these challenges, we describe a novel cell-free glycoprotein synthesis (CFGpS) technology that seamlessly integrates protein biosynthesis with asparagine-linked protein glycosylation. This technology leverages a glyco-optimized Escherichia coli strain to source cell extracts that are selectively enriched with glycosylation components, including oligosaccharyltransferases (OSTs) and lipid-linked oligosaccharides (LLOs). The resulting extracts enable a one-pot reaction scheme for efficient and site-specific glycosylation of target proteins. The CFGpS platform is highly modular, allowing the use of multiple distinct OSTs and structurally diverse LLOs. As such, we anticipate CFGpS will facilitate fundamental understanding in glycoscience and make possible applications in on demand biomanufacturing of glycoproteins.
An MILP-based aging-aware routing algorithm for NoCs (2012)

Network-on-Chip (NoC) architectures have emerged as a better replacement of the traditional bus-based communication in the many-core era. However, continuous technology scaling has made aging mechanisms such as Negative Bias Temperature Instability (NBTI) and electromigration primary concerns in NoC design. In this paper1, we propose a novel system-level aging model to model the effects of asymmetric aging in NoCs. We observe a critical need of a holistic aging analysis, which when combined with power-performance optimization, poses a multi-objective design challenge. To solve this problem, we propose a Mixed Integer Linear Programming (MILP)-based aging-aware routing algorithm that optimizes the various design constraints using a multi-objective formulation. After an extensive experimental analysis using real workloads, we observe a 62.7%, 46% average overhead reduction in network latency and Energy-Delay-Product-Per-Flit (EDPPF) and a 41% improvement in Instructions Per Cycle (IPC) using our aging-aware routing algorithm.
Compensation for Reflectance Variation in Vessel Density Quantification by Optical Coherence Tomography Angiography (2016)

Compensating for reflectance variation resulted in more reliable vessel density quantification in OCTA.
The Relationship between the Sintered Characteristics of Ultra-fine Hematite Particles and the Surface Smoothness of Non-magnetic Substrates for Magnetic Recording Media (2006)

Non-magnetic particles such as acicular hematite particles with finer size and higher dispersibility are required to produce multi-layered magnetic recording media with better performance. The specific surface area and primary particle size of non-magnetic acicular hematite particles were controlled by adjusting the heating conditions in the dehydration process. A sintering-parameter (SBET/STEM) was defined as the ratio of specific surface area measured by B. E. T. method to the specific surface area calculated from the particle size determined by TEM observation. The lower surface roughness of non-magnetic substrate is used to express the dispersibility of hematite particles. For 1.0≤SBET/STEM≤1.4, the dispersibility of hematite particles was much better in non-magnetic lacquer. When the optimum heating condition was applied to make hematite particles, the lower surface roughness was attained by using finer particles.
Connected Components in MapReduce and Beyond (2014)

Computing connected components of a graph lies at the core of many data mining algorithms, and is a fundamental subroutine in graph clustering. This problem is well studied, yet many of the algorithms with good theoretical guarantees perform poorly in practice, especially when faced with graphs with hundreds of billions of edges. In this paper, we design improved algorithms based on traditional MapReduce architecture for large scale data analysis. We also explore the effect of augmenting MapReduce with a distributed hash table (DHT) service. We show that these algorithms have provable theoretical guarantees, and easily outperform previously studied algorithms, sometimes by more than an order of magnitude. In particular, our iterative MapReduce algorithms run 3 to 15 times faster than the best previously studied algorithms, and the MapReduce implementation using a DHT is 10 to 30 times faster than the best previously studied algorithms. These are the fastest algorithms that easily scale to graphs with hundreds of billions of edges.
<i>yucca6</i>, a Dominant Mutation in Arabidopsis, Affects Auxin Accumulation and Auxin-Related Phenotypes (2007)

Auxin plays critical roles in many aspects of plant growth and development. Although a number of auxin biosynthetic pathways have been identified, their overlapping nature has prevented a clear elucidation of auxin biosynthesis. Recently, Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) mutants with supernormal auxin phenotypes have been reported. These mutants exhibit hyperactivation of genes belonging to the YUCCA family, encoding putative flavin monooxygenase enzymes that result in increased endogenous auxin levels. Here, we report the discovery of fertile dominant Arabidopsis hypertall1-1D and hypertall1-2D (yucca6-1D, -2D) mutants that exhibit typical auxin overproduction phenotypic alterations, such as epinastic cotyledons, increased apical dominance, and curled leaves. However, unlike other auxin overproduction mutants, yucca6 plants do not display short or hairy root phenotypes and lack morphological changes under dark conditions. In addition, yucca6-1D and yucca6-2D have extremely tall (>1 m) inflorescences with extreme apical dominance and twisted cauline leaves. Microarray analyses revealed that expression of several indole-3-acetic acid-inducible genes, including Aux/IAA, SMALL AUXIN-UP RNA, and GH3, is severalfold higher in yucca6 mutants than in the wild type. Tryptophan (Trp) analog feeding experiments and catalytic activity assays with recombinant YUCCA6 indicate that YUCCA6 is involved in a Trp-dependent auxin biosynthesis pathway. YUCCA6:GREEN FLUORESCENT PROTEIN fusion protein indicates YUCCA6 protein exhibits a nonplastidial subcellular localization in an unidentified intracellular compartment. Taken together, our results identify YUCCA6 as a functional member of the YUCCA family with unique roles in growth and development.
Encoding and transcoding multiple video objects with variable temporal resolution (2002)

A key advantage of object-based coding schemes is that the quality of each video object may be varied. In this paper we describe the problem associated with varying the temporal quality of multiple video objects, also referred to as the composition problem. We propose a solution to this problem that is based on changes in the shape boundaries over time. Finally, we discuss how this shape feature, or shape hint, can be used to vary the temporal resolution of multiple video objects. The use of the proposed shape hint may be considered within an encoding or transcoding application. This hint has also been adopted into the emerging MPEG-7 standard.
Locked Nucleic Acids (2008)

Abstract The intensive research and development of antisense oligonucleotides in the past decades has refined our knowledge of this class of molecules, and they are now recognized as potent reagents for gene‐target validation and therapeutic uses. Within this field, a very promising class is locked nucleic acid (LNA). In recent years, the number of applications for LNA in basic research, molecular diagnostics, and therapeutics has expanded continuously. In this article, the general biophysical, biochemical, and pharmacological properties of LNA will be summarised. The ability of LNA oligonucleotides to target both coding and noncoding RNAs effectively and specifically via different modes of action will be discussed. Several LNA oligonucleotides have completed preclinical toxicology and are now tested in clinical trials. The status of one drug candidate will be presented briefly at the end of the article.
Improving Product Classification Using Images (2011)

Product classification in Commerce search (e.g., Google Product Search, Bing Shopping) involves associating categories to offers of products from a large number of merchants. The categorized offers are used in many tasks including product taxonomy browsing and matching merchant offers to products in the catalog. Hence, learning a product classifier with high precision and recall is of fundamental importance in order to provide high quality shopping experience. A product offer typically consists of a short textual description and an image depicting the product. Traditional approaches to this classification task is to learn a classifier using only the textual descriptions of the products. In this paper, we show that the use of images, a weaker signal in our setting, in conjunction with the textual descriptions, a more discriminative signal, can considerably improve the precision of the classification task, irrespective of the type of classifier being used. We present a novel classification approach, Confusion Driven Probabilistic Fusion++ (CDPF++), that is cognizant of the disparity in the discriminative power of different types of signals and hence makes use of the confusion matrix of dominant signal (text in our setting) to prudently leverage the weaker signal (image), for an improved performance. Our evaluation performed on data from a major Commerce search engine's catalog shows a 12% (absolute) improvement in precision at 100% coverage, and a 16% (absolute) improvement in recall at 90% precision compared to classifiers that only use textual description of products. In addition, CDPF++ also provides a more accurate classifier based only on the dominant signal (text) that can be used in situations in which only the dominant signal is available during application time.
FetalQuantSD: accurate quantification of fetal DNA fraction by shallow-depth sequencing of maternal plasma DNA (2016)

Noninvasive prenatal testing using massively parallel sequencing of maternal plasma DNA has been rapidly adopted in clinical use worldwide. Fetal DNA fraction in a maternal plasma sample is an important parameter for accurate interpretations of these tests. However, there is a lack of methods involving low-sequencing depth and yet would allow a robust and accurate determination of fetal DNA fraction in maternal plasma for all pregnancies. In this study, we have developed a new method to accurately quantify the fetal DNA fraction by analysing the maternal genotypes and sequencing data of maternal plasma DNA. Fetal DNA fraction was calculated based on the proportion of non-maternal alleles at single-nucleotide polymorphisms where the mother is homozygous. This new approach achieves a median deviation of 0.6% between predicted fetal DNA fraction and the actual fetal DNA fraction using as low as 0.03-fold sequencing coverage of the human genome. We believe that this method will further enhance the clinical interpretations of noninvasive prenatal testing using genome-wide random sequencing.
Computation-Cost-Invariant Universal Space-Vector Pulse-width Modulation for Multilevel Inverters (2021)

This paper proposes a new universal space-vector pulse-width modulation (SVPWM) scheme with invariant computation cost for multilevel inverters. In the proposed SVPWM, the modulation triangle in Sector 1 is quickly identified in a 120° coordinate system transformed from the $\alpha-\beta$ coordinate system. Then, the switching states and duty cycles of the three vertices of the modulation triangle are determined by simple computations. The switching states in the other five sectors are obtained according to their simple relationships with those in Sector 1. The proposed SVPWM is independent of the voltage level of the inverter and does not require any prestored lookup table or iterative operation. Therefore, neither the execution time, nor the memory usage of the proposed SVPWM increases as the inverter level increases. Moreover, the proposed SVPWM is universal and can be applied to any multilevel inverters with the PWM controls based on space vector diagrams. The proposed SVPWM is validated by hardware tests on a three-level, neutral-point-clamped inverter; its computation cost invariance is validated by implementations in a digital signal processor for three-phase inverters with voltage levels up to 201; and its superiority is demonstrated by a comprehensive comparison with existing SVPWM schemes.
Molecular Breast Imaging: Advantages and Limitations of a Scintimammographic Technique in Patients with Small Breast Tumors (2007)

Preliminary studies from our laboratory showed that molecular breast imaging (MBI) can reliably detect tumors <2 cm in diameter. This study extends our work to a larger patient population and examines the technical factors that influence the ability of MBI to detect small breast tumors. Following injection of 740 MBq Tc-99m sestamibi, MBI was performed on 100 patients scheduled for biopsy of a lesion suspicious for malignancy that measured <2 cm on mammography or sonography. Using a small field of view gamma camera, patients were imaged in the standard mammographic views using light pain-free compression. Subjective discomfort, breast thickness, the amount of breast tissue in the detector field of view, and breast counts per unit area were measured and recorded. Follow-up was obtained in 99 patients; 53 patients had 67 malignant tumors confirmed at surgery. Of these, 57 of 67 were detected by MBI (sensitivity 85%). Sensitivity was 29%, 86%, and 97% for tumors <5, 6-10, and > or =11 mm in diameter, respectively. In seven patients, MBI identified eight additional mammographically occult tumors. Of 47 patients with no evidence of cancer at biopsy or surgery, there were 36 true negative and 11 false positive scans on MBI. MBI has potential for the regular detection of malignant breast tumors less than 2 cm in diameter. Work in progress to optimize the imaging parameters and technique may further improve sensitivity and specificity.
Improved Intra Mode Coding Beyond Av1 (2021)

In AOMedia Video 1 (AV1), directional intra prediction modes are applied to model local texture patterns that present certain directionality. Each intra prediction direction is represented with a nominal mode index and a delta angle. The delta angle is entropy coded using shared context between luma and chroma, and the context is derived using the associated nominal mode. In this paper, two methods are proposed to further reduce the signaling cost of delta angles: cross-component delta angle coding, and context-adaptive delta angle coding, whereby the cross-component and spatial correlation of the delta angles are explored, respectively. The proposed methods were implemented on top of a recent version of libaom. Experimental results show that the proposed cross-component delta angle coding achieved average 0.4% BD-rate reduction with 4% encoding time saving over all intra configurations. By combining both methods, an average 1.2% BD-rate reduction is achieved.
Strong two-photon absorption and its saturation of a self-organized dimer of an ethynylene-linked porphyrin tandem (2012)

The two-photon absorption properties of a self-organized dimer of a free-base and zinc(II) porphyrins tandem linked with an ethynylene group and terminated by imidazolyl and phenylethynyl groups were investigated. The self-organized dimer was found to exhibit strong two-photon absorption and furthermore the saturation of the two-photon absorption owing to the intense transition.