gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Effect of Carrier Gas on the Growth and Characteristics of Spin-Capable Multiwalled Carbon Nanotubes (2014)

Multiwalled carbon nanotube (MWCNT) sheets that can be spun directly from a spin-capable MWCNT forest promise novel applications that utilize the unique and outstanding characteristics of this material. The growth of spin-capable MWCNT forests will be achieved through the understanding of the important factors affecting the forest growth, since the precise conditions necessary for effective spin-capability are extremely sensitive. In this paper, we discuss the effect of carrier gas, the initial catalyst thickness, and the roles of the hydrogen. These factors were investigated in order to assess and understand these critical parameters and thereby develop a repeatable and reliable spin-capable MWCNT growth process.
Performance Characterization of an Indoor Localization System with LTE Code and Carrier Phase Measurements and an IMU (2019)

The Performance of cellular long-term evolution (LTE) signals for indoor localization is evaluated. Two different designs of LTE software-defined receivers (SDRs), namely a code phase-based receiver and a carrier phase-based receiver, are presented and assessed experimentally indoors with LTE signals. A base/navigator framework is presented to deal with the unknown clock biases of the LTE eNodeBs. In this framework, the base receiver is placed outdoors, has knowledge of its own position, and makes pseudorange measurements to eNodeBs in the environment whose positions are known. The base transmits these pseudoranges to the indoor navigating receiver, which is also making pseudorange measurements to the same eNodeBs. The navigating receiver differences the base's and navigator's pseudoranges; hence, the unknown eNodeBs' biases are eliminated. The navigator receiver is equipped with an inertial measurement unit (IMU), and the LTE pseudoranges and IMU measurements are tightly coupled using an extended Kalman filter (EKF). Two sets of experimental results are presented. First, it is demonstrated that the standalone carrier phase-based receiver yielded a more precise navigation solution than the code phase-based receiver, specifically a two-dimensional (2-D) position root mean-squared error (RMSE) of 5.09 m versus 11.76 m for an indoor trajectory of 109 m traversed in 50 seconds. Second, it is demonstrated that coupling the IMU with the carrier phase-based LTE receiver reduced the 2-D position RMSE to 2.92 m. Moreover, it is demonstrated that the proposed LTE-IMU system yielded a maximum error of 5.60 compared to 22.53 m for the IMU-only.
Structure of the N-terminal Domain of GRP94 (2003)

GRP94, the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) paralog of the chaperone Hsp90, plays an essential role in the structural maturation or secretion of a subset of proteins destined for transport to the cell surface, such as the Toll-like receptors 2 and 4, and IgG, respectively. GRP94 differs from cytoplasmic Hsp90 by exhibiting very weak ATP binding and hydrolysis activity. GRP94 also binds selectively to a series of substituted adenosine analogs. The high resolution crystal structures at 1.75-2.1 A of the N-terminal and adjacent charged domains of GRP94 in complex with N-ethylcarboxamidoadenosine, radicicol, and 2-chlorodideoxyadenosine reveals a structural mechanism for ligand discrimination among hsp90 family members. The structures also identify a putative subdomain that may act as a ligand-responsive switch. The residues of the charged region fold into a disordered loop whose termini are ordered and continue the twisted beta sheet that forms the structural core of the N-domain. This continuation of the beta sheet past the charged domain suggests a structural basis for the association of the N-terminal and middle domains of the full-length chaperone.
Cloning and Characterization of<i>CAD1/AAF1</i>, a Gene from<i>Candida albicans</i>That Induces Adherence to Endothelial Cells after Expression in<i>Saccharomyces cerevisiae</i> (1998)

Adherence to the endothelial cell lining of the vasculature is probably a critical step in the egress of Candida albicans from the intravascular compartment. To identify potential adhesins that mediate the attachment of this organism to endothelial cells, a genomic library from C. albicans was used to transform a nonadherent strain of Saccharomyces cerevisiae. The population of transformed yeasts was enriched for highly adherent clones by repeated passages over endothelial cells. One clone which exhibited a fivefold increase in endothelial cell adherence, compared with S. cerevisiae transformed with vector alone, was identified. This organism also flocculated. The candidal DNA fragment within this adherent/flocculent organism was found to contain a single 1.8-kb open reading frame, which was designated CAD1. It was found to be identical to AAF1. The predicted protein encoded by CAD1/AAF1 contained features suggestive of a regulatory factor. Consistent with this finding, immunoelectron microscopy revealed that CAD1/AAF1 localized to the cytoplasm and nucleus but not the cell wall or plasma membrane of the transformed yeasts. Because yeasts transformed with CAD1/AAF1 both flocculated and exhibited increased endothelial cell adherence, the relationship between adherence and flocculation was examined. S. cerevisiae expressing either of two flocculation phenotypes, Flo1 or NewFlo, adhered to endothelial cells as avidly as did yeasts expressing CAD1/AAF1. Inhibition studies revealed that the flocculation phenotype induced by CAD1/AAF1 was similar to Flo1. Thus, CAD1/AAF1 probably encodes a regulatory protein that stimulates endothelial cell adherence in S. cerevisiae by inducing a flocculation phenotype. Whether CAD1/AAF1 contributes to the adherence of C. albicans to endothelial cells remains to be determined.
A Parallel Algorithm for Inverse Halftoning and its Hardware (2006)

Lookup Table (LUT) method for inverse halftoning is computation less, fast and also yields goods results. This paper proposes a parallel algorithm for inverse halftoning by parallelizing the LUT method of inverse halftoning. The LUT method for inverse halftoning is parallelized by dividing the single Look-Up Table of LUT method for inverse halftoning into many smaller Look-up Tables (sLUTs). In the parallel algorithm up-to four pixels can be fetched from the halftone image concurrently and go to their separate smaller Look-Up Tables (sLUT) from where each template fetches its inverse halftone value independent to other pixels. The parallelization can increase the speed of inverse halftoning by up-to 4 times while the total entries in all smaller Look-Up Tables (sLUTs) remains equal to the entries in the single LUT of LUT method for inverse halftoning. Some degradation in image quality is noticed due to parallelization. The complete implementation of the method takes two CPLD devices with external content addressable memories (CAM) and static RAMs to store sLUTs.
Response of human skull to bone-conducted sound in the audiometric-ultrasonic range. (2002)

Some new therapies for tinnitus employ bone-conducted sound in the high audio and ultrasonic frequencies, but there has been little previous research on sound transmission through the head at these frequencies. The vibrational characteristics of two dry skulls, in comparison to a live human head, were measured in the 2- to 52-kHz range. White noise was played and received through piezoelectric transducers and was Fourier-analyzed. Complex resonances and antiresonances were found in both the dry skulls and the live head and varied with small changes in the position of the transducers. There were also pronounced differences between the skulls. In comparison to the skulls, the live head showed greater attenuation and less prominent resonances and antiresonances, reflecting greater damping. The attenuation of the skulls and the head did not increase consistently with frequency but was dominated by resonances at a variety of frequencies. For designing high audio and ultrasonic tinnitus maskers and hearing aids, these results suggest that wide bandwidth must be used to compensate for the unpredictability of the resonances.
60 Watt Doherty amplifiers using high gain 2-stage hybrid amplifier modules (2005)

A Doherty amplifier has been constructed using small surface-mount 2-stage 30 W hybrid amplifier modules. These modules offer higher gain and simpler matching than do discrete transistors. This 26 dB gain Doherty amplifier uses a conventional 2-way topology, with class AB "main" branch and class C "peaking" branch output stages. A 3GPP 2-WCDMA signal output level of 10 Watts is achieved with 26.4% efficiency and < -40 dBc ACLR and -38 dBc IM3s. When augmented by pre-distortion, 12.5 Watts of 2-WCDMA signal output is produced with < -51 dBc ACLR and -54 dBc IM3s, with 26.8 % efficiency.
Dynamic x-ray spectrometry method for determining stoichiometry of thin films during growth (2018)

A method and technique of dynamic x-ray spectrometry is presented for real-time, in situ composition determination of multi-element films during pulsed laser deposition. The method, named as Low-Angle X-ray Spectrometry (LAXS), is capable of determining the composition with an uncertainty of ±5% and requires neither theoretical calculations nor multiple calibration standards of known composition and thickness. Algorithm of LAXS is validated by comparing film composition results with Rutherford Backscattering Spectroscopy analyses. LAXS provides an immediate visual feedback on film composition and guidance for optimizations, which is critical for applications. As a material example, compositions of several Y-Ba-Cu-O films were analyzed and it is shown that LAXS can rapidly identify an optimum oxygen pressure for stoichiometric film deposition.
Gene expression profiles defining molecular subtypes, coupled with signatures of tumor biology and chemotherapy sensitivity provide a novel therapuetic approach to multiple myeloma (2008)

8501 Gene expression profiles reflecting hyperploidy (HY) or specific genetic lesions leading to translocations, (including C-MAF, MAFB, CCND1, CCND3 and MMSET (MS)), have been used to define distinct phenotypes of multiple myeloma. That several of these subtypes are at higher risk of progression and death emphasizes the need for novel therapeutic strategies. Employing gene expression analysis in a cohort of 560 newly diagnosed multiple myeloma patients (training-352, validation-208) we applied expression signatures reflecting the deregulation of oncogenic signaling pathways (Myc, Ras, Src, B-catenin, E2F1 and PI3K), profiles representing an altered tumor microenvironment (chromosomal instability, angiogenesis, hypoxia and TNF-a) and signatures of chemotherapy sensitivity (melphalan, vincristine, adriamycin, cyclophosphamide, cisplatin and etoposide) to a training cohort patients previously enrolled in Total Therapy 2 (TT2). Distinct patterns of altered tumor biology and chemosensitivity between the molecular subtypes (CD1, CD2, LB, HY, MF, MS and PR) was observed. In particular, the low risk HY group (EFS 68% and OS 79% with 3 years median follow-up) demonstrated increased activation of Myc (p<0.0001) and PI3K (p=0.03) pathways when compared to the high risk MS group (EFS 31% and OS 51%). Alternatively, the MS group demonstrated increased evidence of chromosomal instability (p=0.0002). The HY group demonstrated increased sensitivity to vincristine (p=0.04) and adriamycin (p=0.003), while the MS group demonstrated increased sensitivity to cyclophosphamide (p<0.0001) and to cisplatin (p=0.02). Importantly, similar analysis in an independent validation set of 208 patients enrolled in the Total Therapy 3 (TT3) demonstrated the reproducibility of the patterns. This analysis has demonstrated distinct patterns of altered tumor biology and chemotherapy sensitivity amongst the clinically relevant subtypes of multiple myeloma. Additional results dissecting the molecular phenotypes of multiple myeloma will be presented. Genomic evidence of chemotherapy sensitivity and oncogenic pathway activation may provide an opportunity for selection of therapeutic modalities. No significant financial relationships to disclose.
Concentrations of oligosaccharides in human milk and child growth (2021)

The study is registered with ClinicalTrial.gov: NCT02550236 .
Molding cork sheets to complex shapes (1977)

Partially cured cork sheet is easily formed to complex shapes and then final-cured. Temperature and pressure levels required for process depend upon resin system used and final density and strength desired. Sheet can be bonded to surface during final cure, or can be first-formed in mold and bonded to surface in separate step.
Advances in analysis by synthesis LPC speech coders (1987)

The theory for a new class of Analysis by Synthesis LPC coding algorithms, called Backward Excitation Recovery (BER) LPC, is presented in this paper for the general case where an ARMA type filter is employed in the speech synthesis process. These coders differ from conventional Analysis by Synthesis LPC systems in that their excitation signal is defined from past information which is available at both the transmitter and the receiver. As a result only the filter parameters are required at the receiver for the recovery of the speech signal.A plethora of sequential filter optimization algorithms are proposed for both Single-input and Multi-input Synthesis filters. Two excitation adaptation algorithms are also proposed. The excitation signal is updated by using either ‘Past Decoded Speech’ (PDS) samples or ‘Past Excitation Samples’ (PES). The PES sequence is the signal which drives the all-pole part of the ARMA synthesis filter. It is shown that a specific BER-LPC codec, which employs one of the proposed PES algorithms, is equivalent to the recently proposed 4·8 kbit/s Self-Excited LPC system (SE-LPC).Computer simulation results highlight the SNR performance of BER-LPC codecs employing the proposed filter optimization and excitation adaptation algorithms, and demonstrate the superiority of several BER-LPC codecs over the SE-LPC system. Furthermore, it is shown that BER-LPC codecs which use the PDS excitation adaptation approach can operate successfully with a very low encoding delay. This property is valuable to low bit rate speech codecs operating in applications such as digital mobile radio.
An Improved Universal CMOS Current-Mode Analog Function Synthesizer (2007)

A CMOS integratable current-mode analog function synthesizer circuit is presented. The proposed circuit is based on approximating the required function using its sixth-order Taylor series expansion. These approximations can be implemented by adding the weighted output currents of a number of basic building blocks, built around a basic current squarer, and a constant current. The proposed circuit can simultaneously realize different mathematical functions. SPICE simulation results obtained from three nonlinear functions and demonstrating the circuit performance are included.
Layer-wise anomaly detection and classification for powder bed additive manufacturing processes: A machine-agnostic algorithm for real-time pixel-wise semantic segmentation (2020)

Increasing industry acceptance of powder bed metal Additive Manufacturing requires improved real-time detection and classification of anomalies. Many of these anomalies, such as recoater blade impacts, binder deposition issues, spatter generation, and some porosities, are surface-visible at each layer of the building process. In this work, the authors present a novel Convolutional Neural Network architecture for pixel-wise localization (semantic segmentation) of layer-wise powder bed imaging data. Key advantages of the algorithm include its ability to return segmentation results at the native resolution of the imaging sensor, seamlessly transfer learned knowledge between different Additive Manufacturing machines, and provide real-time performance. The algorithm is demonstrated on six different machines spanning three technologies: laser fusion, binder jetting, and electron beam fusion. Finally, the performance of the algorithm is shown to be superior to that of previous algorithms presented by the authors with respect to localization, accuracy, computation time, and generalizability.
Polysaccharide−Oligoamine Based Conjugates for Gene Delivery (2002)

This work describes a versatile and universal polycation system based on oligoamines grafted on natural polysaccharides that is capable of complexing various plasmids and administering them into various cells in high yield to produce a desired protein. These polycations are expected to better meet the requirements for effective complexation and delivery of plasmid or an antisense and to biodegrade into nontoxic components at a controlled rate. The developed biodegradable polycations are based on spermine, a natural tetramine, conjugated to dextran or arabinogalactan. These polycations were prepared by reductive amination of oxidized polysaccharides with the desired oligoamines. The Schiff base conjugates thus obtained were reduced to the stable amine conjugates by sodium borohydride. Over 300 different polycations were prepared starting from various polysaccharides and oligoamines, mainly oligoamines of two to four amino groups. Although most of these conjugates formed stable complexes with various plasmids as determined by turbidity experiments, only a few polycations were found to be active in transfecting cells. This work indicates that the structure of the polycation plays a significant role in the transfection activity of polycations.
Informed Direction of Arrival estimation using a spherical-head model for Hearing Aid applications (2016)

In this paper, we propose a Direction of Arrival (DoA) estimator for a Hearing Aid System (HAS) which can connect to a wireless microphone worn by a target talker. The wireless microphone "informs" the HAS about the almost noise-free content of the target sound, and the proposed DoA estimator uses the knowledge of the noise-free target sound and the received microphone signals to estimate the DoA via a maximum likelihood approach. Moreover, the proposed DoA estimator resorts to a user-independent spherical-head model to consider the acoustic impacts of the head on the received signals at the HAS. Further, the proposed DoA estimator uses an Inverse Discrete Fourier Transform (IDFT) technique to evaluate the likelihood function computationally efficiently. We assessed the performance of the proposed estimator for various DoAs, Signal to Noise Ratios (SNRs), and target distances in different noisy and reverberant situations. The proposed estimator improves the performance markedly over other recently proposed "informed" DoA estimators.
Self-Assembly of Nucleocapsid-Like Particles from Recombinant Hepatitis C Virus Core Protein (2001)

Little is known about the assembly pathway and structure of hepatitis C virus (HCV) since insufficient quantities of purified virus are available for detailed biophysical and structural studies. Here, we show that bacterially expressed HCV core proteins can efficiently self-assemble in vitro into nucleocapsid-like particles. These particles have a regular, spherical morphology with a modal distribution of diameters of approximately 60 nm. Self-assembly of nucleocapsid-like particles requires structured RNA molecules. The 124 N-terminal residues of the core protein are sufficient for self-assembly into nucleocapsid-like particles. Inclusion of the carboxy-terminal domain of the core protein modifies the core assembly pathway such that the resultant particles have an irregular outline. However, these particles are similar in size and shape to those assembled from the 124 N-terminal residues of the core protein. These results provide novel opportunities to delineate protein-protein and protein-RNA interactions critical for HCV assembly, to study the molecular details of HCV assembly, and for performing high-throughput screening of assembly inhibitors.
Scintillation properties and applications of reduced-afterglow co-doped CsI:Tl (2007)

While a wide variety of new scintillators are now available, CsI:Tl remains a highly desired material for medical and industrial applications due to its excellent properties, low cost, and easy availability. Despite its advantages, however, its use in high-speed imaging applications has been hindered by an undesirably high afterglow component in its scintillation decay. To address this specific issue and to make the material suitable for applications such as volumetric CT and high-speed radiography, we have discovered that codoping the material with certain dipositive rare earth ions is particularly effective for such afterglow suppression. We have extensively studied the manner in which one such ion, Eu<sup>2+</sup>, alters the spectroscopic and kinetic properties of the scintillation, and have developed a coherent mathematical model consistent with the experimental results. Unfortunately, the beneficial effect of Eu<sup>2+</sup> appears to be restricted only to relatively short times (say ≤200 ms) after the end of the excitation pulse. At longer times, the carriers whose diversion into deep traps is responsible for suppression of the short-term afterglow begin to escape those traps, resulting in enhancement of the low-level persistence on a time scale of seconds or minutes. What is needed is to provide some nonradiative means to annihilate the trapped carriers <i>before</i> their escape can enhance the low-level long-term emission. And, as predicted by the mathematical model, this is exactly what Sm<sup>2+</sup> does. In this paper we compare the respective effects of the two additives on the afterglow and hysteresis characteristics of the host CsI:Tl material system. We find that while Eu begins to exert its afterglow-suppressive effect sooner after termination of excitation, the influence of Sm lasts much longer. Moreover, the suppressive effect of the latter is always found, regardless of the conditions of excitation, and becomes more profound the greater the duration of the exciting pulse. Various aspects of these effects and some their consequences for imaging performance are also discussed.
Real-time DNA microarray analysis (2009)

We present a quantification method for affinity-based DNA microarrays which is based on the real-time measurements of hybridization kinetics. This method, i.e. real-time DNA microarrays, enhances the detection dynamic range of conventional systems by being impervious to probe saturation in the capturing spots, washing artifacts, microarray spot-to-spot variations, and other signal amplitude-affecting non-idealities. We demonstrate in both theory and practice that the time-constant of target capturing in microarrays, similar to all affinity-based biosensors, is inversely proportional to the concentration of the target analyte, which we subsequently use as the fundamental parameter to estimate the concentration of the analytes. Furthermore, to empirically validate the capabilities of this method in practical applications, we present a FRET-based assay which enables the real-time detection in gene expression DNA microarrays.
A new density-independent function for microwave moisture content determination in particulate materials (2002)

A new density-independent function for moisture content determination from microwave dielectric measurements on particulate materials is proposed. The definition of this function is based on the existence of a simple relationship between the bulk density and the two components of the relative complex permittivity and the principle of energy balance in dielectrics expressed by tan /spl delta/. Its validity and applicability are shown for a granular material, wheat, over broad ranges of microwave frequencies, temperatures, densities and moisture contents.