gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
2,4-Diamino-5-benzylpyrimidines and analogs as antibacterial agents. 10. 2,4-Diamino-5-(6-quinolylmethyl)- and -[(tetrahydro-6-quinolyl)methyl]pyrimidine derivatives. Further specificity studies (1989)

A series of 18 2,4-diamino-5-[(1,2,3,4-tetrahydro-6-quinolyl)methyl]pyrimidines has been prepared by the condensation of 2,4-diamino-5-(hydroxymethyl)pyrimidine with 1,2,3,4-tetrahydroquinolines in acidic medium. Several derivatives were catalytically aromatized; others were synthesized from these by routine aromatic substitution or by condensations of (anilinomethyl)pyrimidines to give quinolinylmethyl analogues. Compounds with 4-methyl-8-methoxy substitution are closely related to trimethoprim (1a) in structure and are excellent inhibitors of bacterial dihydrofolate reductase, with activity at least equivalent to that of 1a. The highest degree of inhibition was achieved with the rigid aromatic series, but greater specificity was accomplished among the tetrahydroquinoline derivatives. This was directly related to N-1 substitution of 4-methyl-8-methoxy derivatives. The spatial relationships around N-1 and protonation at this site may both affect selectivity. Such compounds also had excellent broad-spectrum in vitro antibacterial activity.
<i>sxtA</i> -Based Quantitative Molecular Assay To Identify Saxitoxin-Producing Harmful Algal Blooms in Marine Waters (2011)

The recent identification of genes involved in the production of the potent neurotoxin and keystone metabolite saxitoxin (STX) in marine eukaryotic phytoplankton has allowed us for the first time to develop molecular genetic methods to investigate the chemical ecology of harmful algal blooms in situ. We present a novel method for detecting and quantifying the potential for STX production in marine environmental samples. Our assay detects a domain of the gene sxtA that encodes a unique enzyme putatively involved in the sxt pathway in marine dinoflagellates, sxtA4. A product of the correct size was recovered from nine strains of four species of STX-producing Alexandrium and Gymnodinium catenatum and was not detected in the non-STX-producing Alexandrium species, other dinoflagellate cultures, or an environmental sample that did not contain known STX-producing species. However, sxtA4 was also detected in the non-STX-producing strain of Alexandrium tamarense, Tasmanian ribotype. We investigated the copy number of sxtA4 in three strains of Alexandrium catenella and found it to be relatively constant among strains. Using our novel method, we detected and quantified sxtA4 in three environmental blooms of Alexandrium catenella that led to STX uptake in oysters. We conclude that this method shows promise as an accurate, fast, and cost-effective means of quantifying the potential for STX production in marine samples and will be useful for biological oceanographic research and harmful algal bloom monitoring.
The dV / dt capability of field-controlled thyristors (1983)

A detailed analysis of the <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">dV/dt</tex> capability of field-controlled thyristors is presented. It is demonstrated for the first time that <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">dV/dt</tex> induced turn-on can occur in these devices due to gate debiasing as a result of capacitive gate current flow if a large series gate resistance is present in the circuit. A theoretical analysis of the <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">dV/dt</tex> capability is presented based upon this mechanism which predicts that the <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">dV/dt</tex> capability will decrease inversely with increasing gate series resistance at low values and become independent of the gate series resistance at very high values. The quantitative calculations of the <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">dV/dt</tex> capability that have been made by using this theory are in very good agreement with measurements taken on asymmetrical field-controlled thyristors fabricated from wafers of various thickness. The results obtained in this study allow the conclusion that the <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">dV/dt</tex> capability of field-controlled thyristors are superior to that of conventional thyristors.
Saturated iron core superconducting fault current limiter (2011)

In this paper, we introduced the fundamental principle, structure and specific features of saturated iron core superconducting fault current limiter (SICSFCL). We also presented both the development of 220kV and 35kV SICSFCL which has been in field operating for about 3 years. Compare to the traditional current limiters, SICSFCL has such as very low operation loss at normal transmission status, whereas high impedance at fault current limiting stage, instaneous react to the fault current and fast recovery after a fault. In addition, the reactor of the device is mainly composed of iron cores and copper coils, which can be built with the technology for conventional transformers or reactors. SICSFCL can also be applied in high or ultrahigh voltage level. For those reasons, SICSFCL is the most practical device in industrial applications.
Fh15 Blocks the Lipopolysaccharide-Induced Cytokine Storm While Modulating Peritoneal Macrophage Migration and CD38 Expression within Spleen Macrophages in a Mouse Model of Septic Shock (2018)

Sepsis caused by Gram-negative bacteria is the consequence of an unrestrained infection that continuously releases lipopolysaccharide (LPS) into the bloodstream, which triggers an uncontrolled systemic inflammatory response leading to multiorgan failure and death. After scrutinizing the immune modulation exerted by a recombinant <i>Fasciola hepatica</i> fatty acid binding protein termed Fh15, our group demonstrated that addition of Fh15 to murine macrophages 1 h prior to LPS stimulation significantly suppresses the expression of proinflammatory cytokines tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) and interleukin-1β (IL1-β). The present study aimed to demonstrate that Fh15 could exert a similar anti-inflammatory effect <i>in vivo</i> using a mouse model of septic shock. Among the novel findings reported in this article, (i) Fh15 suppressed numerous serum proinflammatory cytokines/chemokines when injected intraperitoneally 1 h after exposure of animals to lethal doses of LPS, (ii) concurrently, Fh15 increased the population of large peritoneal macrophages (LPMs) in the peritoneal cavity (PerC) of LPS-injected animals, and (iii) Fh15 downregulated the expression on spleen macrophages of CD38, a cell surface ectoenzyme with a critical role during inflammation. These findings present the first evidence that the recombinant parasitic antigen Fh15 is an excellent modulator of the PerC cell content and <i>in vivo</i> macrophage activation, endorsing Fh15's potential as a drug candidate against sepsis-related inflammatory response.<b>IMPORTANCE</b> Sepsis is a potentially life-threatening complication of an infection. Sepsis is mostly the consequence of systemic bacterial infections leading to exacerbated activation of immune cells by bacterial products, resulting in enhanced release of inflammatory mediators. Lipopolysaccharide (LPS), the major component of the outer membrane of Gram-negative bacteria, is a critical factor in the pathogenesis of sepsis, which is sensed by Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4). The scientific community highly pursues the development of antagonists capable of blocking the cytokine storm by blocking TLR4. We report here that a recombinant molecule of 14.5 kDa belonging to the <i>Fasciola hepatica</i> fatty acid binding protein (Fh15) is capable of significantly suppressing the LPS-induced cytokine storm in a mouse model of septic shock when administered by the intraperitoneal route 1 h after a lethal LPS injection. These results suggest that Fh15 is an excellent candidate for drug development against endotoxemia.
Investigation of quartz etch rate uniformity for alternating phase-shift mask applications utilizing a next-generation ICP source (2001)

As critical dimensions and exposure wavelengths approach the physical limitations of optical lithography, the use of newer techniques such as Phase Shift Photomask Technologies become necessary to extend the viability of DUV lithography tools. Alternating Phase Shift Mask technologies are challenging the capabilities of current quartz dry etch processes; as this phase shift technique is achieved by the precise removal of quartz, the need for ever improving phase shift uniformity across the photomask surface requires extremely uniform quartz etch depth. To this end, a Next Generation ICP (Inductively Coupled Plasma) hardware configuration has been adopted. In this article, the quartz etch parameter space of this new ICP source is explored. Finally, process results including, quartz roughness, sidewall profile, and most importantly quartz etch rate uniformity will be presented.
Volume holographic interconnection and copying architectures based on incoherent/coherent source arrays (1993)

An incoherent/coherent double angularly multiplexed interconnection system that uses a multiplexed volume holographic element and an array of individually coherent but mutually incoherent sources to interconnect 2-D arrays of input and output nodes for neural network and digital interconnection applications is described. A number of important properties of this system have been verified by means of simulation and experiment, including high optical throughput and low interchannel crosstalk. The advantages and disadvantages of three different subhologram configurations (separate, fully overlapping, and partially overlapping) are summarized. In addition, multiplexed volume holographic elements recorded by the incoherent/coherent technique can be copied in a single step using a copying system that is a derivative of the basic architecture.
Furnace systems development (1974)

Space processing facilities, including furnace systems, will, only vaguely resemble their laboratory and industry counterparts. Within the constraints imposed by the host vehicle, flight furnaces will be more versatile. They will provide a wider range of controlled heating, cooling and sample positioning to accommodate the requirements of experiment scientists, and will be more efficiently packaged. The development of these advanced furnace systems will be an essential element in the orderly evolution of space processing technology.
Multimedia event recounting with concept based representation (2012)

Multimedia event detection has drawn a lot of attention in recent years. Given a recognized event, in this paper, we conduct a pilot study of the multimedia event recounting problem, which answers the question why this video is recognized as this event, i.e. what evidences this decision is made on. In order to provide a semantic recounting of the multimedia event, we adopt a concept-based event representation for learning a discriminative event model. Then, we present a recounting approach that exactly recovers the contribution of semantic evidence to the event classification decision. This approach can be applied on any additive discriminative classifiers. The promising result is shown on the MED11 dataset that contains 15 events in thousands of YouTube like videos.
Scalable fabrication of efficient organolead trihalide perovskite solar cells with doctor-bladed active layers (2015)

Scalable fabrication of perovskite solar cells by doctor-blading is demonstrated with a device efficiency of 15.1% under 1 sun light.
Macromolecule mapping of the brain using ultrashort‐TE acquisition and reference‐based metabolite removal (2017)

The proposed method is able to obtain macromolecule distributions in the brain from ultrashort-TE acquisitions. It can also be used for acquiring training data to determine a low-dimensional subspace to represent the macromolecule signals for subspace-based MRSI. Magn Reson Med 79:2460-2469, 2018. © 2017 International Society for Magnetic Resonance in Medicine.
Accurate and Energy-Efficient GPS-Less Outdoor Localization (2017)

Location-based services have become an important part of our daily lives. However, such services require continuous user tracking while preserving the scarce cell-phone battery resource. In this article, we present Dejavu , a system that uses standard cell-phone sensors to provide accurate and energy-efficient outdoor localization. Dejavu is capable of localizing and navigating both pedestrian and in-vehicle users in real time. Our analysis shows that, whether walking or in-vehicle, when the user encounters a road landmark such as going inside a tunnel, ascending a staircase, or even moving over a bump, all these different landmarks affect the inertial sensors on the phone in a unique pattern. Dejavu employs a dead-reckoning localization approach and leverages these road landmarks, among other automatically discovered virtual landmarks, to reset the dead-reckoning accumulated error and achieve accurate localization. To maintain a low energy profile, Dejavu uses only energy-efficient sensors or sensors that are already running for other purposes. Moreover, Dejavu provides a localization confidence measure along with its predicted location. This improves the usability of the predicted location from end users’ perspective. We present the design of Dejavu and how it leverages crowd-sourcing to automatically learn virtual landmarks and their locations. Our evaluation results from implementation on different Android devices using different testbeds showing that Dejavu can localize cell-phones in vehicles with a median error of 8.4 m in city roads and 16.6 m on highways and can localize cell-phones carried by pedestrians with a median error of 3.0m. Moreover, compared to the global position system (GPS) and other state-of-the-art systems, Dejavu can extend the battery lifetime by up to 347%, while achieving even better localization results than GPS in the more challenging in-city areas. In addition, Dejavu estimates the localization confidence measure accurately with a median error of 2.3m and 31cm for in-vehicle and pedestrian users, respectively.
The <i>irregular xylem3</i> Locus of Arabidopsis Encodes a Cellulose Synthase Required for Secondary Cell Wall Synthesis (1999)

The irregular xylem3 (irx3) mutant of Arabidopsis has a severe deficiency in secondary cell wall cellulose deposition that leads to collapsed xylem cells. The irx3 mutation has been mapped to the top arm of chromosome V near the marker nga106. Expressed sequence tag clone 75G11, which exhibits sequence similarity to cellulose synthase, was found to be tightly linked to irx3, and genomic clones containing the gene corresponding to clone 75G11 complemented the irx3 mutation. Thus, the IRX3 gene encodes a cellulose synthase component that is specifically required for the synthesis of cellulose in the secondary cell wall. The irx3 mutant allele contains a stop codon that truncates the gene product by 168 amino acids, suggesting that this allele is null. Furthermore, in contrast to radial swelling1 (rsw1) plants, irx3 plants show no increase in the accumulation of beta-1,4-linked glucose in the noncrystalline cell wall fraction. IRX3 and RSW1 fall into a distinct subgroup (Csa) of Arabidopsis genes showing homology to bacterial cellulose synthases.
Performance Prediction of the Rotational Wave Energy Converter Using Single-Bucket Drag Type Turbine (2014)

Because ocean wave propagates along water surface, wave energy resource is measured in the unit of line density (kW/m). It indicates that the output of a Wave Energy Converter (WEC) is proportional to its wave front width when we consider the scaling-up of the device. It will be a problem in the commercialization of a scaled-up WEC because the cost of device increases with size in a higher pace. With the above consideration, the authors proposed a rotary type wave energy converter. It is a drag type vertical axis water turbine with its rotational axis lying horizontally on the water surface and in parallel to the wave front. To capture the orbital fluid particle motion in wave, the turbine is composed of a bucket and a streamlined counter weight. The device can be linearly extended in the direction parallel to the wave front to obtain the merits of scale. The WEC does not have massive components because the reaction torque of electric generation can be absorbed by a relatively small float system. This paper provides the numerical test of the device in deep water wave condition. The dependencies of the output to the wave height and the submergence of the rotational axis are checked by the two-dimensional flow simulation.
An α-Gal-containing neoglycoprotein-based vaccine partially protects against murine cutaneous leishmaniasis caused by Leishmania major (2017)

We propose that NGP5B is an attractive candidate for the study of potential synthetic α-Gal-neoglycoprotein-based vaccines against L. major infection.
Opportunities for Improving the Health and Nutrition of the Human Infant by Probiotics (2008)

The newborn is first colonized by microbes at birth. The colonizing bacteria originate mainly from the mother's gut, vaginal tract and skin. The origin of the microbiota and its development depend on genetics, mode of delivery, early feeding strategies and the hygienic conditions around the child. The indigenous microbiota of an infant's gastrointestinal tract is modulated through contact and interaction with the microbiota of the parents and the infant's immediate environment. After delivery breastfeeding continues to enhance the original inoculum by specific lactic acid bacteria and bifidobacteria and bacteria from the mother's skin enabling the infant gut microbiota to be dominated by bifidobacteria. These bacteria set the basis for gut microbiotia development and modulation along with breastfeeding and the environmental exposures such as antibiotic administration. Modifying this exposure can take place by probiotic bacteria when breastfeeding is not possible. Thus, incorporating specific probiotics selected for the development of the infant's gut microbiota may form a beneficial possibility for future infant feeding purposes. Many current probiotics have documented strain-specific health-promoting effects, and most of the effects that have been demonstrated in infants and children. The target in infants is to modify the gut microbiota to resemble that of the healthy breastfed infant and to counteract deviations or aberrancies present in infants at risk of specific diseases. Thus, providing specific selected probiotics to the mother to balance the intestinal microbiota during pregnancy and to the infant after birth. As the disturbed succession during early infancy has been linked to the risk of developing infectious, inflammatory and allergic diseases later in life, it is still of great interest to further characterize both the composition and succession of microbiota during infancy. With new methodologies we have been able to identify more specific aberrancies in microbiota prior to or during different disease states.
Differential Interaction of α,25-Dihydroxyvitamin D3 Analogues and Their 20-epi Homologues with the Vitamin D Receptor (1997)

An important focus of structure-function studies of synthetic ligands for the vitamin D receptor (VDR) concerns the chiral center at carbon 20 of the steroid side chain; 20-epi analogues are 100-10, 000 times more potent transcriptionally than the natural hormone 1alpha,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 (1alpha,25-(OH)2D3). We have compared the binding properties of three pairs of analogues either with a natural (N) or 20-epi (E) orientation. In intact cells, 45-60% of VDR.N-analogue complexes, but only 5-20% of VDR.E-analogue complexes, dissociated over a 3-h interval. The two groups of ligands induced distinct changes in VDR conformation as revealed by protease clipping assays. Mapping of ligand-VDR binding activity by deletions indicated that amino acids 420-427 were important for high affinity of VDR.N-analogue complexes, but not for VDR.E-analogue complexes. Site-directed mutagenesis revealed that residues 421 and 422 were essential for 1alpha,25-(OH)2D3-induced conformational changes, high affinity of 1alpha,25-(OH)2D3 for VDR, and transcriptional activity, but not for binding of its 20-epi analogue. In contrast, deletion of residues 396-427 abolished binding of 1alpha,25-(OH)2D3, but binding of its 20-epi analogue was still detectable. The results suggest that the ligand-binding domain of VDR has multiple and different contact sites for the two families of side chain-modified ligands, resulting in VDR.ligand complexes with different half-lives and transcriptional activities.
Aberrant Activation of Notch Signaling in Human Breast Cancer (2006)

A role for Notch signaling in human breast cancer has been suggested by both the development of adenocarcinomas in the murine mammary gland following pathway activation and the loss of Numb expression, a negative regulator of the Notch pathway, in a large proportion of breast carcinomas. However, it is not clear currently whether Notch signaling is frequently activated in breast tumors, and how it causes cellular transformation. Here, we show accumulation of the intracellular domain of Notch1 and hence increased Notch signaling in a wide variety of human breast carcinomas. In addition, we show that increased RBP-Jkappa-dependent Notch signaling is sufficient to transform normal breast epithelial cells and that the mechanism of transformation is most likely through the suppression of apoptosis. More significantly, we show that attenuation of Notch signaling reverts the transformed phenotype of human breast cancer cell lines, suggesting that inhibition of Notch signaling may be a therapeutic strategy for this disease.
Buffer sizing in wireless networks: challenges, solutions, and opportunities (2016)

Buffer sizing is an important network configuration parameter that impacts the quality of service characteristics of data traffic. With falling memory costs and the fallacy that "more is better," network devices are being overprovisioned with large buffers. This may increase queueing delays experienced by a packet and subsequently impact stability of core protocols such as TCP. The problem has been studied extensively for wired networks. However, there is little work addressing the unique challenges of wireless environments such as time-varying channel capacity, variable packet inter-service time, and packet aggregation, among others. In this article we discuss these challenges, classify the current state-of-the-art solutions, discuss their limitations, and provide directions for future research in the area.
Manufacturability Oriented Model Correction and Build Direction\n Optimization for Additive Manufacturing (2019)

We introduce a method to analyze and modify a shape to make it manufacturable\nfor a given additive manufacturing (AM) process. Different AM technologies,\nprocess parameters or materials introduce geometric constraints on what is\nmanufacturable or not. Given an input 3D model and minimum printable feature\nsize dictated by the manufacturing process characteristics and parameters, our\nalgorithm generates a corrected geometry that is printable with the intended AM\nprocess. A key issue in model correction for manufacturability is the\nidentification of critical features that are affected by the printing process.\nTo address this challenge, we propose a topology aware approach to construct\nthe allowable space for a print head to traverse during the 3D printing\nprocess. Combined with our build orientation optimization algorithm, the amount\nof modifications performed on the shape is kept at minimum while providing an\naccurate approximation of the as-manufactured part. We demonstrate our method\non a variety of 3D models and validate it by 3D printing the results.\n