gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Dynamic research on geometridae in Songhua Lake area in different seasons (2012)

A systemic investigation into the geometridae insects in Songhua Lake area was carried out. The results showed that the geometridae insects in Songhua Lake area changed with the seasons obviously. The number of their communities was largest in June; the dominance of major geometridae insects varies with the seasons significantly, namely, the dominant species were different in different seasons; the diversity, evenness and dominant concentration indexes changed significantly in different seasons, that is, all of them were at lower levels in May and September, highest in June and the changes of them were smooth in July and August. This study should be conducive to the effective control of the damage by the pest and lay a solid foundation for better protecting the forest resources of Songhua Lake area.
Optimization of protein buffer cocktails using Thermofluor (2013)

The stability and homogeneity of a protein sample is strongly influenced by the composition of the buffer that the protein is in. A quick and easy approach to identify a buffer composition which increases the stability and possibly the conformational homogeneity of a protein sample is the fluorescence-based thermal-shift assay (Thermofluor). Here, a novel 96-condition screen for Thermofluor experiments is presented which consists of buffer and additive parts. The buffer screen comprises 23 different buffers and the additive screen includes small-molecule additives such as salts and nucleotide analogues. The utilization of small-molecule components which increase the thermal stability of a protein sample frequently results in a protein preparation of higher quality and quantity and ultimately also increases the chances of the protein crystallizing.
Transferable Deep-CNN Features for Detecting Digital and Print-Scanned Morphed Face Images (2017)

Face biometrics is widely used in various applications including border control and facilitating the verification of travellers' identity claim with respect to his electronic passport (ePass). As in most countries, passports are issued to a citizen based on the submitted photo which allows the applicant to provide a morphed face photo to conceal his identity during the application process. In this work, we propose a novel approach leveraging the transferable features from a pre-trained Deep Convolutional Neural Networks (D-CNN) to detect both digital and print-scanned morphed face image. Thus, the proposed approach is based on the feature level fusion of the first fully connected layers of two D-CNN (VGG19 and AlexNet) that are specifically fine-tuned using the morphed face image database. The proposed method is extensively evaluated on the newly constructed database with both digital and print-scanned morphed face images corresponding to bona fide and morphed data reflecting a real-life scenario. The obtained results consistently demonstrate improved detection performance of the proposed scheme over previously proposed methods on both the digital and the print-scanned morphed face image database.
Strategies for Correcting Very Long Chain Acyl-CoA Dehydrogenase Deficiency (2015)

Very long acyl-CoA dehydrogenase (VLCAD) deficiency is a genetic pediatric disorder presenting with a spectrum of phenotypes that remains for the most part untreatable. Here, we present a novel strategy for the correction of VLCAD deficiency by increasing mutant VLCAD enzymatic activity. Treatment of VLCAD-deficient fibroblasts, which express distinct mutant VLCAD protein and exhibit deficient fatty acid β-oxidation, with S-nitroso-N-acetylcysteine induced site-specific S-nitrosylation of VLCAD mutants at cysteine residue 237. Cysteine 237 S-nitrosylation was associated with an 8-17-fold increase in VLCAD-specific activity and concomitant correction of acylcarnitine profile and β-oxidation capacity, two hallmarks of the disorder. Overall, this study provides biochemical evidence for a potential therapeutic modality to correct β-oxidation deficiencies.
Maximum activities of key enzymes of glycolysis, glutaminolysis, pentose phosphate pathway and tricarboxylic acid cycle in normal, neoplastic and suppressed cells (1990)

1. Maximal activities of some key enzymes of glycolysis, the pentose phosphate pathway, the tricarboxylic acid cycle and glutaminolysis were measured in homogenates from a variety of normal, neoplastic and suppressed cells. 2. The relative activities of hexokinase and 6-phosphofructokinase suggest that, particularly in neoplastic cells, in which the capacity for glucose transport is high, hexokinase could approach saturation in respect to intracellular glucose; consequently, hexokinase and phosphofructokinase could play an important role in the regulation of glycolytic flux in these cells. 3. The activity of pyruvate kinase is considerably higher in tumorigenic cells than in non-tumorigenic cells and higher in metastatic cells than in tumorigenic cells: for non-tumorigenic cells the activities range from 28.4 to 574, for tumorigenic cells from 899 to 1280, and for metastatic cells from 1590 to 1627 nmol/min per mg of protein. 4. The ratio of pyruvate kinase activity to 2 x phosphofructokinase activity is very high in neoplastic cells. The mean is 22.4 for neoplastic cells, whereas for muscle from 60 different animals it is only 3.8. 5. Both citrate synthase and isocitrate dehydrogenase activities are present in non-neoplastic and neoplastic cells, suggesting that the full complement of tricarboxylic-acid-cycle enzymes are present in these latter cells. 6. In neoplastic cells, the activity of glutaminase is similar to or greater than that of hexokinase, which suggests that glutamine may be as important as glucose for energy generation in these cells.
Elevated plasma concentrations of C-flanking gastrin-releasing peptide in small-cell lung cancer. (1989)

Many small-cell lung cancers (SCLCs) produce gastrin-releasing peptides (GRPs) (mammalian bombesin) but the plasma concentration of GRP is rarely elevated, possibly because of its rapid elimination. We developed a radioimmunoassay for the C-terminal flanking peptide of proGRP and measured its concentration in plasma from 71 patients with SCLC, in 27 healthy subjects and in 49 patients with other diseases including lung carcinomas. In addition, we studied the molecular size of immunoreactive C-flanking peptide in two SCLC cell lines and in plasma from SCLC patients. The concentration of immunoreactive C-flanking peptide in normal subjects and in control patients did not exceed 10 pmol/L and 26 pmol/L, whereas 72% of the SCLC patients had C-flanking peptide concentrations above 10 pmol/L. In patients with extensive disease (n = 35) the median concentration was 71 pmol/L (range, 10 to 940). ProGRP C-flanking peptide levels paralleled the clinical course in 12 patients. The molecule(s) responsible for the immunoreactivity had a molecular size of about 8 to 10 kd in both patient plasma and tumor cell lines, suggesting that the measured peptide(s) represented major fragment(s) if not the entire C-flanking peptide of proGRP. Thus this peptide(s) seems to be a useful marker for SCLC.
RAFT Polymerization in Homogeneous Aqueous Media: Initiation Systems, RAFT Agent Stability, Monomers and Polymer Structures (2008)

This chapter contains sections titled: Introduction Initiation Systems RAFT Agent Stability Suitable Monomers Examples of Experimental Procedures
Use of Raman scattering to investigate disorder and crystallite formation in as-deposited and annealed carbon films (1984)

Carbon films were prepared by ion-beam as well as rf-discharge deposition, and annealed at temperatures up to 950\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{}C. Raman spectra of these films, in the range 1000-1800 ${\mathrm{cm}}^{\ensuremath{-}1}$, were analyzed via a best fit to computer-generated line shapes, used to simulate the $D$ and $G$ lines. Our results are given in terms of the $\frac{I(D)}{I(G)}$ intensity ratio, line position, and linewidth as a function of anneal temperature. The $\frac{I(D)}{I(G)}$ ratio for the rf-discharge-deposited films shows a maximum, and there is a suggestion of similar behavior for the ion-beam-deposited films. This maximum indicates that crystallite growth is promoted by higher anneal temperatures. As suggested by comparison with theory, the down-shifted $G$ line position of 1536 ${\mathrm{cm}}^{\ensuremath{-}1}$ in the as-deposited films indicates the presence of bond-angle disorder. The similarly, down-shifted $D$ line position of \ensuremath{\sim}1283 ${\mathrm{cm}}^{\ensuremath{-}1}$ indicates that the as-deposited films may contain some fourfold-coordinated bonds as well as disorder. The shift of the $D$ and $G$ lines to asymptotes of 1353 and 1598 ${\mathrm{cm}}^{\ensuremath{-}1}$, respectively, as anneal temperature increases, indicates that the crystallites are dominated by threefold over fourfold coordination. The linewidths of both lines decrease in width with increasing anneal temperature. This is also consistent with the removal of bond-angle disorder and the increasing dominance of crystallites as annealing proceeds to higher temperatures.
Disease-Associated Mutations in the p150<sup>Glued</sup> Subunit Destabilize the CAP-gly Domain (2010)

Point mutations within the CAP-gly domain of the p150(Glued) subunit of the dynactin complex have been identified in patients with distal spinal bulbar muscular atrophy (dSBMA) and Perry's syndrome. Herein, we show by CD and NMR experiments that each mutated CAP-gly domain is folded but less stable than the wild-type (WT) domain. We also demonstrate that the domains harboring these mutations bind to microtubules but fail to bind to EB1. These data indicate that these disease-associated, point mutations affect the stability of this domain and inhibit their interaction with EB1 but do not inhibit their interaction with microtubules.
HiRecS: A Hierarchical Contextual Location Recommendation System (2019)

The point-of-interest (POI) recommender exploits check-in information from location-based social networks (LBSNs) to recommend POIs that match user preferences. The preferences of users vary with region/locality, consumption type, and co-consumers. For instance, the places preferred for friends may be different from the places preferred for family, and the places preferred in one locality may be different from the places in another locality. These dynamic preferences can be crucial for an efficient recommender system. A locality consists of different preference trends, such as “known for food and recreational sites.” In real-world, different sets of users might be attracted toward different preference trends, and some users' preferences might overlap across multiple preference sets. Hence, an efficient aggregation of locality preferences is essential for the recommender systems. Many existing studies simply group items by their category and use simple collaborative filtering (CF) for recommendations, however, such techniques cannot efficiently handle the aggregated locality preferences. We propose a hierarchical recommendation model termed Hierarchical Contextual Location Recommendation System (HiRecS) that formulates users' preferences as a hierarchical structure and models the locality trend using aggregated hierarchy. For a locality, the root of hierarchy contains preferred k items from a set of visitors, and the subsequent levels contain preference wise subsets of those items. We also present a hierarchy aggregation technique to aggregate the hierarchical preferences from a similar set of users. The aggregated hierarchy is then contextually exploited for POI sequence recommendation. The core contributions of this article are: 1) it formulates the locality trends as hierarchical structures, presents a hierarchy aggregation technique, and models the personalized POI preferences with the aggregated hierarchy; 2) it exploits the aggregated popular trends to generate contextual POI sequence recommendation; and 3) it extensively evaluates the proposed model with two real-world data sets and demonstrates a significant performance gain of 0.006-5.91 on diversity metrics, 0.0349-17.51 on displacement metrics, and 0.114-0.289 on normalized discounted cumulative gain (NDCG) metrics, when compared to several baselines and relevant studies.
MgCl<sub>2</sub>/R′<sub><i>n</i></sub>Al(OR)<sub>3−<i>n</i></sub>: An Excellent Activator/Support for Transition‐Metal Complexes for Olefin Polymerization (2006)

A new and effective method for the activation, and simultaneously, immobilization of bis(phenoxyimine) early-transition-metal complexes for olefin polymerization (known as FI catalysts), which makes use of MgCl(2)/R'(n)Al(OR)(3-n) as an activator/support, has been developed. Ti-, Zr-, and V-FI catalysts combined with this MgCl(2)-based compound can form highly active MgCl(2)-supported single-site catalysts capable of demonstrating superior catalytic properties, compared to the corresponding homogeneous methylaluminoxane- (Ti- and Zr-FI catalysts) or alkylaluminum-activation systems (V-FI catalysts), in terms of their catalytic activity, molecular weight, stereoselectivity, and comonomer incorporation. Additionally, these new catalysts can produce polymers of significant morphology with high efficiency. Notably, the MgCl(2)-based compounds can also effectively activate and immobilize the early-to-late transition-metal complexes that have emerged recently. Thus, the application of MgCl(2)-based compounds as activators/supports for transition-metal complexes for olefin polymerization provides a conceptually new strategy for the development of methylaluminoxane- and borate-free, high-performance, single-site catalysts capable of controlling polymer morphology.
At Least Ten Genes Define the Imprinted Dlk1-Dio3 Cluster on Mouse Chromosome 12qF1 (2009)

Ten imprinted genes were elucidated. The imprinting of three paternally expressed protein coding genes (Dlk1, Peg11, and Dio3) was confirmed. Seven noncoding RNAs (Meg3/Gtl2, Anti-Peg11, Meg8, Irm/"Rian", AK050713, AK053394, and Meg9/Mirg) are characterized by exclusive maternal expression. Intriguingly, the majority of these noncoding RNA genes contain microRNAs and/or snoRNAs within their introns, as do their human orthologs. Of the 52 identified microRNAs that map to this region, six are predicted to regulate negatively Dlk1, suggesting an additional mechanism for interactions between allelic gene products. Since several previous studies relied heavily on in silico analysis and RT-PCR, our findings from Northerns and cDNA cloning clarify the genomic organization of this region. Our results expand the number of maternally expressed noncoding RNAs whose loss may be responsible for the phenotypes associated with mouse pUPD12 and human pUPD14 syndromes.
Data Transfer via UAV Swarm Behaviours (2018)

This paper presents an adaptive robotic swarm of Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs) enabling communications between separated non-swarm devices. The swarm nodes utilise machine learning and hyper-heuristic rule evolution to enable each swarm member to act appropriately for the given environment. The contribution of the machine learning is verified with an exploration of swarms with and without this module. The exploration finds that in challenging environments the learning greatly improves the swarm’s ability to complete the task. The swarm evolution process of this study is found to successfully create different data transfer methods depending on the separation of non-swarm devices and the communication range of the swarm members. This paper also explores the resilience of the swarm to agent loss, and the scalability of the swarm in a range of environment sizes. In regard to resilience, the swarm is capable of recovering from agent loss and is found to have improved evolution. In regard to scalability, the swarm is observed to have no upper limit to the number of agents deployed in an environment. However, the size of the environment is seen to be a limit for optimal swarm performance.
Design and Implementation of a Set-Top Box–Based Homecare System Using Hybrid Cloud (2015)

The proposed design offers a robust architecture for storing data in a homecare system and can thus resolve network overload and congestion resulting from accumulating data, which are inherent problems in centralized architectures, thereby improving system efficiency.
Radar Emitter Identification under Transfer Learning and Online Learning (2019)

At present, there are two main problems in the commonly used radar emitter identification methods. First, when the distribution of training data and testing data is quite different, the identification accuracy is low. Second, the traditional identification methods usually include an offline training stage and online identifying stage, which cannot achieve the real-time identification of the radar emitter. Aimed at the above problems, this paper proposes a radar emitter identification method based on transfer learning and online learning. First, for the case where the target domain contains only a small number of labeled samples, the TrAdaBoost method is used as the basic learning framework to train a support vector machine, which can obtain useful knowledge from the source domain to aid in the identification of the target domain. Then, for the case where the target domain does not contain labeled samples, the Expectation-Maximization algorithm is used to filter the unlabeled samples in the target domain to generate the available training data. Finally, to make the identification quickly and accurately, we propose a radar emitter identification method, based on online learning to ensure real-time updating of the model. Simulation experiments show that the proposed method, based on transfer learning and online learning, has higher identification accuracy and good timeliness.
Superoscillations without Sidebands: Power-Efficient Sub-Diffraction Imaging with Propagating Waves (2015)

A superoscillation wave is a special superposition of propagating electromagnetic (EM) waves which varies with sub-diffraction resolution inside a fixed region. This special property allows superoscillation waves to carry sub-diffraction details of an object into the far-field, and makes it an attractive candidate technology for super-resolution devices. However, the Shannon limit seemingly requires that superoscillations must exist alongside high-energy sidebands, which can impede its widespread application. In this work we show that, contrary to prior understanding, one can selectively synthesize a portion of a superoscillation wave and thereby remove its high-energy region. Moreover, we show that by removing the high-energy region of a superoscillation wave-based imaging device, one can increase its power efficiency by two orders of magnitude. We describe the concept behind this development, elucidate conditions under which this phenomenon occurs, then report fullwave simulations which demonstrate the successful, power-efficient generation of sub-wavelength focal spots from propagating waves.
<title>Analysis of time-resolved data for tomographical image reconstruction of opaque phantoms and finite absorbers in diffusive media</title> (1995)

Experimental time-resolved data was used for direct reconstruction of images of laboratory phantoms in highly scattering media. Using different time zones of the temporal profiles, computed images were calculated by solving a one-step linear perturbation equation derived from transport theory. In nearly all cases tested, high quality reconstructions were obtained even for highly undermined problems.
Optical feedback phase-autolocking of a semiconductor laser (1985)

A solitary semiconductor laser has an intrinsic linewidth of ~15 MHz at 5 mW. A reduction in this broad linewidth is necessary for coherent applications. It has been demonstrated recently that a reduction of the laser linewidth by as much as a factor of 100 can be achieved by using a low-level optical feedback.1 However, this rather simple method of reducing the linewidth suffers from the problem that the degree of linewidth narrowing depends on the phase of the optical feedback, in addition, mode-hopping can occur which also depends on the phase and the amount of feedback. In this paper, we present a method to control the phase of the optical feedback so as to maintain a stable laser operation at a particular feedback level with the minimum linewidth.
Up-regulation of hypoxia-inducible factor antisense as a novel approach to treat ovarian cancer (2020)

Ovarian cancer (OC) is estimated to kill ~14,000 women in the United States in 2019. Current chemotherapies to treat OC initially show therapeutic efficacy but frequently drug resistance develops, at which point therapies with alternative targets are needed. Herein, we are describing a novel approach to sensitize these tumors to standard chemotherapies by increasing the transcription of hypoxia-inducible factor antisense. <b>Methods:</b> Genome-wide Bru-seq analysis was performed to fully capture the nascent transcriptional signature of OC cells treated with the gp130 inhibitor, SC144. <i>In vitro</i> and <i>in vivo</i> analysis, including characterization of hypoxia and select protein expression, combination with standard of care chemotherapy and antitumor efficacy were performed to assess the biological activity of SC144 on induction of hypoxia in OC cells. <b>Results:</b> Bru-seq analysis of OVCAR8 cells treated with SC144 shows upregulation of hypoxia related genes. In addition, transcription of hypoxia-inducible factor antisense (HIF1A-AS2) was induced that in turn reduced expression of HIF-1α and simultaneously increased expression of NDRG1. Furthermore, we observed decreased protein levels of EGFR, Met, c-Myc, cyclin D1, MMP-2, MMP-9 and TF, and phosphorylation of Src and P130-cas. SC144-induced alterations of HIF-1α and NDRG1 were also confirmed in prostate cancer cells. Ciclopirox olamine (CPX) induces a cellular transcriptional profile comparable to SC144, suggesting a similar cellular mechanism of action between these two compounds. In addition, SC144 sensitized OC cells to olaparib, carboplatin and cisplatin, and shows better <i>in vivo</i> efficacy than CPX. <b>Conclusion:</b> Induction of hypoxic stress responses through inhibition of gp130 represents a novel approach to design effective anticancer treatments in combination with standard-of-care chemotherapy in OC and the efficacy reported here strongly supports their clinical development.
Operationalizing culture with design cards: Translating critical knowledge into provocative insights (2015)

One big challenge in culturally sensitive technology design practices is how to inform and guide the design process with a sophisticated understanding of culture. To address this challenge, this essay presents a case study of design cards to evaluate how this genre transfers theoretical frameworks into accessible scaffolding, and how two types of cards are structured to engage multiple stakeholders, tap into the complexities of local scenarios, and produce design insights. It also examines the methodological implication of operationalizing culture for cross-cultural design practices.
Phase coexistence and pinning of charge density waves by interfaces in chromium (2016)

We study the temperature dependence of the charge density wave (CDW) in a chromium thin film using x-ray diffraction. We exploit the interference between the CDW satellite peaks and Laue oscillations to determine the amplitude, the phase, and the period of the CDW. We find discrete half-integer periods of CDW in the film and switching of the number of periods by one upon cooling/heating with a thermal hysteresis of 20 K. The transition between different CDW periods occurs over a temperature range of 30 K, slightly larger than the width of the thermal hysteresis. A comparison with simulations shows that the phase transition occurs as a variation of the volume fraction of two distinct phases with well-defined periodicities. The phase of the CDW is constant for all temperatures, and we attribute it to strong pinning of the CDW by the mismatch-induced strain at the film-substrate interface.