gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Context-Dependent Piano Music Transcription With Convolutional Sparse Coding (2016)

This paper presents a novel approach to automatic transcription of piano music in a context-dependent setting. This approach employs convolutional sparse coding to approximate the music waveform as the summation of piano note waveforms (dictionary elements) convolved with their temporal activations (onset transcription). The piano note waveforms are pre-recorded for the specific piano to be transcribed in the specific environment. During transcription, the note waveforms are fixed and their temporal activations are estimated and post-processed to obtain the pitch and onset transcription. This approach works in the time domain, models temporal evolution of piano notes, and estimates pitches and onsets simultaneously in the same framework. Experiments show that it significantly outperforms a state-of-the-art music transcription method trained in the same context-dependent setting, in both transcription accuracy and time precision, in various scenarios including synthetic, anechoic, noisy, and reverberant environments.
Driver unit for planar diaphragm type loudspeaker (1983)

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Genetic Basis of Tetracycline Resistance in <i>Bifidobacterium animalis</i> subsp. <i>lactis</i> (2010)

All strains of Bifidobacterium animalis subsp. lactis described to date show medium level resistance to tetracycline. Screening of 26 strains from a variety of sources revealed the presence of tet(W) in all isolates. A transposase gene upstream of tet(W) was found in all strains, and both genes were cotranscribed in strain IPLAIC4. Mutants with increased tetracycline resistance as well as tetracycline-sensitive mutants of IPLAIC4 were isolated and genetically characterized. The native tet(W) gene was able to restore the resistance phenotype to a mutant with an alteration in tet(W) by functional complementation, indicating that tet(W) is necessary and sufficient for the tetracycline resistance seen in B. animalis subsp. lactis.
Simultaneous Sheet Cross-Linking and Deoxygenation in the Graphene Oxide Sol–Gel Transition (2014)

The precursor material to graphene aerogels is a hydrogel formed from an aqueous solution of graphene oxide. We investigate the time evolution of the physical and chemical properties of a graphene oxide suspension as it transitions to a hydrogel. Fully formed hydrogels undergo densification during reaction, forming mechanically stable monoliths. We demonstrate that the gelation process removes oxygen functional groups, partially re-forms the sp2 network, and creates bonds between graphene oxide sheets. Furthermore, these changes to the physical and chemical properties occur on exactly the same time scale, suggesting that they have a common origin. This discovery lends greater understanding to the formation of graphene oxide-based hydrogels, which could allow more flexibility and tunability in synthetic methods for graphene-like materials.
Two-stage gas amplifier for ultrahigh resolution low vacuum scanning electron microscopy (2006)

We describe a magnetic field assisted, two-stage secondary electron gas amplification process for low vacuum scanning electron microscopy. The field of an ultrahigh resolution magnetic immersion objective lens and the electric field of an annular electrode configuration partition the amplification volume into two regions in which the electric and magnetic fields are parallel and crossed, respectively. The fields confine secondary electrons to axial and radial oscillations within the detector volume, until all of the kinetic energy imparted by an anode is dissipated through inelastic collisions with gas molecules. The electron confinement yields high gas amplification efficiency at short working distances and low gas pressures, facilitating high resolution imaging at low electron beam energies. Charging of insulating specimens is stabilized by positive ions produced in the gas ionization cascade. Furthermore, the signal to background level and bandwidth of this detector are superior to those of earlier generations of environmental secondary electron detectors. The combination of low vacuum, short working distance, and low beam energy is attractive to the semiconductor metrology industry, in particular, for critical dimension measurements on photolithographic masks.
Liquid crystal device and method its fabrication (2004)

The invention relates to a liq. crystal device comprising a liq. crystal bulk layer and a surface-director alignment layer comprising side-chains arranged to interact with the bulk layer, wherein the orientation of the bulk layer mols. and the orientation of said side-chains each is directly controllable by an elec. field via dielec. coupling, thus resulting in a decreased total time period (rise and decay times) needed to switch and relax the liq. crystal bulk mols. in response to an applied external field. The invention also relates to a method for manufg. a liq. crystal device and a method of controlling a liq. crystal bulk layer. [on SciFinder (R)]Notes:Can 142:8251974-13 FIELD Section Title:Radiation Chemistry, Photochemistry, and Photographic and Other Reprographic ProcessesField url:Ae, ag, al, am, at, au, az, ba, bb, bg, br, bw, by, bz, ca, ch, cn, co, cr, cu, cz, de, dk, dm, dz, ec, ee, eg, es, fi, gb, gd, ge, gh, gm, hr, hu, id, il, in, is, jp, ke, kg, kp, kr, kz, lc, lk, lr, ls, lt, lu, lv, ma, md, mg, mk, mn, mw, mx, mz, na, ni, no, nz, om, pg, ph, pl, pt, ro, ru, sc, sd, se, sg, sk, sl, sy, tj, tm, tn, tr, tt, tz, ua, ug, us, uz, vc, vn, yu, za, zm, zw.At, be, ch, cy, de, dk, es, fi, fr, gb, gr, ie, it, lu, mc, nl, pt, se, tr, bf, bj, cf, cg, ci, cm, ga, ml, mr, ne, sn, td, tg.G02f001-1337.C09k019-02.Application: WO20040607.2004-se880Se2003-181020030623 FIELD Citations:Mazaki, H; US 5578243 A 1996|Sharp Kk; GB 2326245 A 1998|Sharp Laboratories Of Europe Ltd; WO 0123953 A1 2001|Merck Patent Gmbh; EP 1310541 A2 2003Secondary title:PCT Int. Appl.
<title>Performance evaluation of oblique surface reconstruction algorithm in multislice cone-beam CT</title> (2001)

This paper presents implementation of an algorithm termed as oblique surface reconstruction (OSR) on cone-beam multi-slice reconstruction. Simulations on several mathematical phantoms are performed. Theoretical consideration is reviewed and the reconstruction of simulated phantom data in comparison to the current standard 180# LI is presented. The OSR is shown to produce images with high quality when practical spiral cone-beam scanning utilizing the multi-slice configuration is considered.
Prospects of coherent Compton backscattered X-rays from self-generated wiggler in a laser wakefield accelerator (2016)

A unique Compton backscattering configuration for generating monochromatic, short pulse, and potentially coherent x-rays in a Laser Wakefield Accelerator (LWFA) is being studied at the Naval Research Laboratory. Reflection mechanisms such as stimulated Raman scattering and shock-created density gradients in a plasma can generate the required backward-travelling laser pulse directly from the same laser pulse used in the LWFA, i.e., the high energy electron beam and the counter-propagating photon beam are both self-generated by an ultrashort laser pulse in plasma. The automatic alignment of the counter-propagating electrons and photons together with the extended interaction distance and tightly guided beam sizes in a LWFA can lead to a high-gain situation for the Doppler upshifted forward propagating x-rays. Possibilities for exponential gain to achieve coherent generation of the x-rays are investigated. Using 1D warm beam FEL analysis, millimeter gain lengths could be obtained for optimistic energy spread and emittance parameters.
Planar waveguide gratings with controlled polarization properties and adjustable strength (2004)

We explain and demonstrate a method for controlling polarization properties of planar waveguide gratings, and a robust technique for adjusting grating strength that is tolerant to fabrication errors and does not perturb other optical parameters.
Gradient-Based Colorimetric Sensors for Continuous Gas Monitoring (2018)

Colorimetry detects a color change resulted from a chemical reaction or molecular binding. Despite its widespread use in sensing, continuous monitoring of analytes with colorimetry is difficult, especially when the color-producing reaction or binding is irreversible. Here, we report on a gradient-based colorimetric sensor (GCS) to overcome this limitation. Lateral transport of analytes across a colorimetric sensor surface creates a color gradient that shifts along the transport direction over time, and GCS tracks the gradient shift and converts it into analyte concentration in real time. Using a low cost complementary metal-oxide semiconductor imager and imaging processing algorithm, we show submicrometer gradient shift tracking precision and continuous monitoring of ppb-level ozone.
MOF Functionalization via Solvent-Assisted Ligand Incorporation: Phosphonates vs Carboxylates (2015)

Solvent-assisted ligand incorporation (SALI) is useful for functionalizing the channels of metal-organic framework (MOF) materials such as NU-1000 that offer substitutionally labile zirconium(IV) coordination sites for nonbridging ligands. Each of the 30 or so previous examples relied upon coordination of a carboxylate ligand to achieve incorporation. Here we show that, with appropriate attention to ligand/node stoichiometry, SALI can also be achieved with phosphonate-terminated ligands. Consistent with stronger M(IV) coordination of phosphonates versus carboxylates, this change extends the pH range for retention of incorporated ligands. The difference in coordination strength can be exploited to achieve stepwise incorporation of pairs of ligands-specifically, phosphonates species followed by carboxylate species-without danger of displacement of the first ligand type by the second. Diffuse reflectance infrared Fourier-transform spectroscopy suggests that the phosphonate ligands are connected to the MOF node as RPO2(OH)¯ species in a moiety that leaves a base-accessible -OH moiety on each bound phosphonate.
Effect of Sustaining Dietary Ketosis on the Hippocampal and Serum Metabolome of Sprague‐Dawley Rats (2015)

The ketogenic diet (KD) has been successfully used to treat pediatric refractory epilepsy since the 1920s and is currently being investigated as an adjunct treatment for many disease states. The therapeutic efficacy of the KD results from an elevation of blood ketones. We previously reported that oral administration of ketone supplements produced nutritional ketosis (>0.5 mM) without carbohydrate restriction and the effects of a 28-day administration of five ketone supplements on blood glucose, ketones, and lipids in male Sprague-Dawley rats. We hypothesized that the 28-day administration would affect metabolomic markers. Serum (~300 μL) and hippocampal tissues for ketone supplements 1,3 butanediol acetoacetate diester (KE) and (1:1 mixture of sodium/potassium beta-hydroxybutyrate mineral salt solution (BMS) and medium chain triglyceride oil (MCT)) BMS+MCT were collected on day 28 at 4 hours post-intragastric gavage (peak ketone elevation). Metabolon analyzed samples by gas and liquid chromatography in tandem with mass spectrometry. Both ketone supplements significantly increased serum TCA cycle intermediates: citrate, fumarate and malate. KE supplement significantly increased alpha-ketoglutarate and BMS+MCT supplement significantly increased succinate in the rat serum. Additionally, both supplements affected medium chain fatty acids, dicarboxylic acids, adenosine, inflammatory mediators, antioxidants, and bile acids in both serum and hippocampal tissue. Although both forms of ketone supplementation increased brain and blood ketone levels, the global metabolic profiles were different.
Validation of radio frequency telemetry concept in the presence of biological tissue-like stratified media (2004)

We discuss a novel radio frequency (RF) telemetry concept for biomedical applications. The concept consists of a miniaturized spiral inductor/antenna for bio-MEMS sensors and an external pick-up antenna integrated into a hand-held device. The measured relative signal strength in the presence of biological phantoms ranged from -5.9 to -7.5 dB for antenna separations of 5 and 10 cm. These relative signal strengths are easily measurable, therefore validating the RF telemetry concept for biomedical applications.
Suppression of nonlinear effects by phase alternation in strongly dispersion-managed optical transmission (2002)

The nonlinear effects of amplitude jitter and ghost pulse generation, which are present in strongly dispersion-managed optical communication systems can be suppressed by alternation of the phase of the bits. A physical explanation for this effect is given that shows that with suitably chosen phase modulations the processes that give rise to the nonlinear effects will counteract each other.
The Development of a Split-Tube Flexure (2000)

Abstract This paper describes the design of a flexure joint, called the split-tube flexure, which can provide a considerably larger range of motion and significantly better multi-axis revolute joint characteristics than a conventional beam-type flexure. Specifically, the flexure joint contrasts the torsional compliance of a thin-walled open-section member with its bending rigidity to produce kinematically well-behaved revolute motion. The joint proves particularly useful in applications requiring kinematically well-behaved large motions, such as in robot manipulators.
ChemInform Abstract: Trifluoromethylation of Various Aromatic Compounds by CF<sub>3</sub>I in the Presence of Fe(II) Compound, H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub> and Dimethylsulfoxide. (2010)

Abstract The trifluoromethylation of aromatic and heteroaromatic compounds is carried out by using a reagent composition consisting of Fe(II), hydrogen peroxide, and dimethylsulfoxide in the presence or absence of sulfuric acid.
Structural Features of Human Memapsin 2 (&beta;-Secretase) and their Biological and Pathological Implications (2004)

Memapsin 2 (beta-secretase) is the membrane-anchored aspartic protease that initiates the cleavage of beta-amyloid precursor protein (APP) leading to the production of amyloid-beta (Abeta), a major factor in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease (AD). Since memapsin 2 is a major target for the development of inhibitor drugs for AD, it has been intensively studied during the past five years. Here we discuss the structural features of the catalytic/specificity apparatus, transmembrane domain, cytosolic domain and the implications of these features in the physiological and pathological roles of this protease.
Sb-rich Si–Sb–Te Phase-Change Material for Phase-Change Random Access Memory Applications (2011)

An Sb-rich (48 at.%) Si-Sb-Te phase-change material with moderate Si content (24 at.%) is proposed for phase-change random access memory (PCRAM) applications. The real time amorphous to crystalline transformation was studied by in situ transmission electron microscopy observations and in situ resistance measurements. The results of time-dependent resistance measurements show that the Si <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">24</sub> Sb <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">48</sub> Te <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">28</sub> phase-change material has data retention of 10 years at about 382 K, suggesting a more stable amorphous state than the usual Ge <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> Sb <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> Te <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">5</sub> (GST) phase-change material. The reversible set-reset ability of the PCRAM cell based on the Si <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">24</sub> Sb <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">48</sub> Te <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">28</sub> phase-change material is much better than that of the device employing GST. The programming cycles can reach 2.2 × 10 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">4</sup> under a set pulse of 1.5 V/1000 ns with a 30-ns falling edge and a reset pulse of 3.5 V/400 ns, whereas the resistance contrast retains a value of as large as two orders of magnitude.
Biological Properties of Islets-Activating Protein (IAP) Purified from the Culture Medium of Bordetella pertussis (1978)

The biological activities were studied of a new protein, islets-activating protein (IAP), purified from the culture medium of Bordetella pertussis. Rats injected intravenously with 1 microgram of purified IAP exhibited markedly enhanced insulin secretory responses to glucose, glucagon, epinephrine, and sulfonylureas over a period from 3 to 10 days after the injection. The degree and duration of the enhancement were proportional to the dose of IAP; the maximal effect induced by 1-2 microgram of IAP persisted for as long as 2 months. There was a highly significant correlation between the enhancement of insulin secretion and suppression of epinephrine hyperglycemia over a wide range of doses of IAP, indicating that suppression of epinephrine hyperglycemia resulted from hypoglycemic action of insulin secreted in response to epinephrine challenge. Additional actions of IAP were observed in mice; mice treated with higher doses of IAP showed symptoms were observed when lower doses of IAP were injected into mice. Thus, it is concluded that IAP is a protein primarily possessing a unique action to potentiate insulin secretory responses of experimental animals to nutritional and hormonal stimuli.
Finite length analysis of caching-aided coded multicasting (2014)

In this work we study a noiseless broadcast link serving K users whose requests arise from a library of N files. Every user is equipped with a cache of size M files each. It has been shown that by splitting all the files into packets and placing individual packets in a random independent manner across all the caches, it requires at most N/M file transmissions for any set of demands from the library. The achievable delivery scheme involves linearly combining packets of different files following a greedy clique cover solution to the underlying index coding problem. This remarkable multiplicative gain of decentralized random caching has been established in the asymptotic regime when the number of packets per file F, scales to infinity. In this work, we initiate the finite-length analysis of random caching schemes when the number of packets F is a function of the system parameters M, N, K. Specifically, we show that existing random placement and greedy clique cover delivery schemes, while providing large gains in the asymptotic regime, can have at most a multiplicative gain of 2 if the number of packets is sub-exponential. Further, for any clique cover based coded delivery and a large class of random caching schemes, that includes the existing ones, we show that the number of packets required to get a multiplicative gain of 2g is at least O((N/M) <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">g</sup> ). We exhibit a caching and an efficient clique cover based coded delivery scheme that approximately achieves this lower bound. We also provide tight concentration results that show that the average (over the random caching involved) number of transmissions concentrates very well with only polynomial number of packets in the rest of the parameters.
The protease and the assembly protein of Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (human herpesvirus 8) (1997)

A genomic clone encoding the protease (Pr) and the assembly protein (AP) of Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (KSHV) (also called human herpesvirus 8) has been isolated and sequenced. As with other herpesviruses, the Pr and AP coding regions are present within a single long open reading frame. The mature KSHV Pr and AP polypeptides are predicted to contain 230 and 283 residues, respectively. The amino acid sequence of KSHV Pr has 56% identity with that of herpesvirus salmiri, the most similar virus by phylogenetic comparison. Pr is expressed in infected human cells as a late viral gene product, as suggested by RNA analysis of KSHV-infected BCBL-1 cells. Expression of the Pr domain in Escherichia coli yields an enzymatically active species, as determined by cleavage of synthetic peptide substrates, while an active-site mutant of this same domain yields minimal proteolytic activity. Sequence comparisons with human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) Pr permitted the identification of the catalytic residues, Ser114, His46, and His134, based on the known structure of the HCMV enzyme. The amino acid sequences of the release site of KSHV Pr (Tyr-Leu-Lys-Ala*Ser-Leu-Ile-Pro) and the maturation site (Arg-Leu-Glu-Ala*Ser-Ser-Arg-Ser) show that the extended substrate binding pocket differs from that of other members of the family. The conservation of amino acids known to be involved in the dimer interface region of HCMV Pr suggests that KSHV Pr assembles in a similar fashion. These features of the viral protease provide opportunities to develop specific inhibitors of its enzymatic activity.
Polarization-Mode Dispersion of Installed Recent Vintage Fiber as a Parametric Function of Temperature (2004)

We report the first polarization-mode dispersion measurement of installed 0.05-ps/km/sup 1/2/ fiber over 150-km span and 100-nm bandwidth. The apparent randomness of differential group delay (DGD) spectral components over time is removed when the DGD is considered as a function of temperature.
Phaser: Phased methodology for modeling the system-level effects of soft errors (2008)

This paper presents an overview of Phaser, a toolset and methodology for modeling the effects of soft errors on the architectural and microarchitectural functionality of a system. The Phaser framework is used to understand the system-level effects of soft-error rates of a microprocessor chip as its design evolves through the phases of preconcept, concept, high-level design, and register-transfer-level design implementation. Phaser represents a strategic research vision that is being proposed as a next-generation toolset for predicting chip-level failure rates and studying reliability-performance tradeoffs during the phased design process. This paper primarily presents Phaser/M1, the early stage of the predictive modeling of behavior.
Fast peak autocorrelation finding for periodicity-exploiting compression methods (2003)

Summary form only given. Bilevel image compression algorithms like JBIG, JBIG2-Generic, and PRECIS can exploit 1D or 2D peak autocorrelation in binary images like 'digital halftones', in order to achieve breakthrough boosts in additional compression. For hard to compress, but periodic halftones, boosts of factors of three or more times the compression ratios and similar increases in decompression speeds can be achieved (boosts defined v.s. the closest related, non-periodicity-exploiting algorithm (e.g. JBIG or JBIG2-Generic with AT>0 v.s. with AT=O, or PRECIS v.s. MMR)). Our peak autocorrelation finding method isolates the needed period for peak compression, two orders-of-magnitude faster than the prior art.