gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Prostaglandin F2α Receptor in the Corpus Luteum: Recent Information on the Gene, Messenger Ribonucleic Acid, and Protein1 (2001)

The prostaglandin (PG) F(2alpha) receptor (FPr) in the corpus luteum is essential for maintaining normal reproductive cyclicity in many species. Activation of this seven-transmembrane spanning receptor at the end of the cycle leads to a decrease in progesterone and the demise of the corpus luteum (luteolysis). Recently, the gene structure of the FPr in three mammalian species has been elucidated; however, promoter regulation of the gene is still poorly understood. The FPr mRNA is extremely low in steroidogenic follicular cells (theca or granulosa) but is expressed at high levels in the corpus luteum, particularly in the large luteal cells. Treatment with PGF(2alpha) decreased FPr mRNA expression in luteal cells in most species that have been studied. Key amino acids have been suggested to be critical for binding of FPr to PGF(2alpha) based on three-dimensional modeling and comparisons with other G-protein-coupled receptors. Moieties of the PGF(2alpha) molecule that are essential for binding or specificity of binding to the FPr have been identified by radioreceptor binding studies. In this article, recent information is reviewed on the structure of the FPr gene, regulation of luteal FPr mRNA, and receptor/ligand interaction requirements for the FPr protein.
Radial control of the electrostatic potential in a tandem mirror with quadrupole end cells (1992)

It is demonstrated that the radial electrostatic potential in the Phaedrus tandem mirror [Plasma Physics and Controlled Fusion Research, 1984 (International Atomic Energy Agency, Vienna, 1985), Vol. 2, p. 265] can be altered using plasma potential control rings (PPC rings) situated at each end of the device. With the PPC rings grounded, the radial electric field in the central cell was directed outward and peaked near the plasma edge. By externally controlling the potentials of the PPC rings, the peak value of the radial electric field was varied by over a factor of 2, obtaining plasmas with a maximum value of the radial electric field E(r)≤15 V/cm. A simple calculation to model the change in the central cell potential due to a bias voltage applied to the PPC rings is presented.
<p>Safety and Efficacy of Centanafadine Sustained-Release in Adults With Attention-Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder: Results of Phase 2 Studies</p> (2020)

These results support the continued development of centanafadine-SR at doses up to 400 mg/d.
Stimulatory Effect of Sargassum Horneri Extract on Bone Formation in Rat Femoral-Diaphyseal and -Metaphyseal Tissues <i>in Vitro</i> (2002)

The effect of Sargassum horneri extract on bone formation in the femoral-diaphyseal and -metaphyseal tissue of rats in vitro was investigated. Femoral-diaphyseal and -metaphyseal tissues were cultured for 24 hr in Dulbecco's modified Eagle's medium containing either vehicle or a water-solubilized extract (10 and 25 μg/ml of medium) obtained from various marine algae (S. horneri, S. ringgoldianum Harvey, and S. yamadae Yoshida et T. Konno). Diaphyseal and metaphyseal calcium contents were significantly increased in the presence of S. horneri extract. Such an effect was not seen in the presence of S. ringgoldianum Harvey or S. yamadae Yoshida et T. Konno extract. Heat-treated S. horneri extracts (for 30 min at 80°C) did not have an anabolic effect on bone calcium content. Alkaline phosphatase activity and deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) content in the femoral-diaphyseal and -metaphyseal tissues were significantly increased by culture with S. horneri extract (25 μg/ml of medium) for 24 hr. The effect of S. horneri extract in increasing calcium content, alkaline phosphatase activity, and DNA content in the femoral-diaphyseal and -metaphyseal tissues was completely abolished in the presence of cycloheximide (10-6 M), an inhibitor of protein synthesis. The present study demonstrates that, among marine algae which belong to Sargassum, S. horneri extract has a unique stimulatory effect on bone formation and calcification in vitro.
HEPARIN INHIBITS INFECTIVITY OF HUMAN IMMUNODEFICIENCY VIRUS <i>IN VITRO</i> (1988)

The infectivity of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) was inhibited by heparin, though de-N-sulfated heparin and heparin pretreated with protamine sulfate were hardly inhibitory. There was a correlation between the anticoagulant activities and anti-HIV activities of heparin-related compounds.
Characterization and application of a murine monoclonal antibody that reacts specifically with the serogroup D1 Salmonella (1991)

A murine hybridoma cell line that produces monoclonal antibody (mAb) against the serogroup D1Salmonella lipopolysaccharide (LPS) antigen was established. The trisaccharide tyvelose α1 → 3 mannose α1 → 4 rhamnose was shown to be involved in the reactive epitope of the mAb since this mAb reacted strongly with strains of serogroup D1Salmonella but not wiht Salmonella strains from the O serogroups of A, B, and D2; and sodium meta-periodate was found to destroy the reactivity of the serogroup D1 O-antigen with the mAb. As such this mAb was found to be a useful serotyping reagent for the identification of serogroup D1Salmonella, and for the differentiation of strains of serogroups D1 and D2Salmonella which have identical flagellar H antigens.
Analogies as aids to learning (2015)

Two analogies of electricity were compared with a control condition to determine whether the use of an analogy affected performance on a quiz.The control condition, the analogy of water flowing in pipes, and the analogy of people moving in corridors were presented to an introductory psychology class in written texts atiout 1,100 words long.The 16question, multiple-choice quiz had eight items which required only recall of read material and eight items which required subjects to make inferences to solve electrical circuits for volts and amperes.The results indicated that the subjects who were in the analogy groups did no better on the quiz than the control group subjects.No differences between the two analogies were reported either.Various reasons for the lack of differences were discussed.
Variational Recurrent Adversarial Deep Domain Adaptation (2017)

We study the problem of learning domain invariant representations for time series data while transferring the complex temporal latent dependencies between the domains. Our model termed as Variational Recurrent Adversarial Deep Domain Adaptation (VRADA) is built atop a variational recurrent neural network (VRNN) and trains adversarially to capture complex temporal relationships that are domain-invariant. This is (as far as we know) the first to capture and transfer temporal latent dependencies in multivariate time-series data. Through experiments on real-world multivariate healthcare time-series datasets, we empirically demonstrate that learning temporal dependencies helps our model's ability to create domain-invariant representations, allowing our model to outperform current state-of-the-art deep domain adaptation approaches.
Decreased dopachrome oxidoreductase activity in yellow mice (1985)

Dopachrome oxidoreductase (DCOR) is a newly characterized enzyme in the melanin synthetic pathway, active in the conversion of dopachrome to 5,6-dihydroxyindole. DCOR and tyrosinase activity were measured in skin anagen hairbulbs from lethal yellow (Ay/a), sienna yellow (Asy/a) and recessive yellow (e/e) mice with and without treatment with melanocyte-stimulating hormone (MSH). DCOR activity was low (Asy/a) or absent (Ay/a, e/e) in yellow mice without MSH treatment, and increased dramatically in the lethal and sienna yellow mice with MSH. There was no increase in DCOR activity in recessive yellow mice with MSH. Corresponding tyrosinase activity was reduced in lethal yellow and sienna yellow mice without MSH, and increased with MSH. Tyrosinase activity was normal in recessive yellow mice without MSH and did not change with MSH. We conclude that DCOR is an MSH-sensitive enzyme and that DCOR activity is absent in recessive yellow melanocytes. The latter finding suggests that the extension locus may be the DCOR locus.
From research to licensure and beyond: clinical development of MenB-FHbp, a broadly protective meningococcal B vaccine (2018)

Given the characteristics of meningococcal carriage and transmission and the sudden, often severe onset and long-term consequences of disease, vaccination can most effectively provide large-scale control of invasive disease. Six serogroups (A, B, C, W, X, and Y) cause nearly all meningococcal disease globally. Capsular polysaccharide conjugate vaccines can prevent serogroups A, C, W, and Y disease. More recently, recombinant protein vaccines for preventing serogroup B meningococcal (MenB) disease have become available, with a major target of vaccine-induced immune response for both vaccines being bacterial factor H binding protein (FHbp). Importantly, FHbp segregates into only two distinct subfamilies (A [also classified as variants 2 and 3] and B [variant 1]). This review summarizes the complete clinical development program supporting licensure of MenB-FHbp (Trumenba®, Bivalent rLP2086), the only MenB vaccine containing antigens from both FHbp subfamilies. Areas covered: Eleven published clinical studies assessing MenB-FHbp efficacy and safety among 20,803 adolescents and adults are examined. Particular focus is on the methodology of immunogenicity assessments used as a surrogate for clinical efficacy. Expert commentary: Clinical studies in adolescents and adults consistently demonstrated MenB-FHbp safety and induction of immunologic responses against antigenically and epidemiologically diverse MenB isolates, supporting licensure and immunization recommendations.
Level-crossing rates and average fade duration for wireless channels with spatially complicated multipath (2003)

This paper derives equations that describe level-crossing rates and average fade durations for mobile receivers operating in spatially complicated multipath channels. The results are useful for describing fading statistics for wireless systems that operate in realistic propagation channels or employ smart antennas, adaptive arrays, or other technologies that lead to a non-omnidirectional distribution of multipath power in space.
Brønsted acid–base ionic liquids and their use as new materials for anhydrous proton conductors (2003)

Novel Brønsted acid-base ionic liquids, derived from a simple combination of a wide variety of organic amines with bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl) amide are electroactive for H2 oxidation and O2 reduction at a Pt electrode under non-humidifying conditions, which shows the prospect of the use of protic ionic liquids as new materials for anhydrous proton conductors at elevated temperatures.
<title>The magic of relay mirrors</title> (2004)

Laser weapon systems would be significantly enhanced with the addition of high altitude or space-borne relay mirrors. Such mirrors, operating alone with a directed energy source, or many in a series fashion, can be shown to effectively move the laser source to the last, so-called fighting mirror. This “magically” reduces the range to target and offers to enhance the performance of directed energy systems like the Airborne Laser and even ground-based or ship-based lasers. Recent development of high altitude airships will be shown to provide stationary positions for such relay mirrors thereby enabling many new and important applications for laser weapons. The technical challenges to achieve this capability are discussed.
β Cell Replacement Therapy (2017)

β cell replacement with either pancreas or islet transplantation has progressed immensely over the last decades with current 1- and 5-year insulin independence rates of approximately 85% and 50%, respectively. Recent advances are largely attributed to improvements in immunosuppressive regimen, donor selection, and surgical technique. However, both strategies are compromised by a scarce donor source. Xenotransplantation offers a potential solution by providing a theoretically unlimited supply of islets, but clinical application has been limited by concerns for a potent immune response against xenogeneic tissue. β cell clusters derived from embryonic or induced pluripotent stem cells represent another promising unlimited source of insulin producing cells, but clinical application is pending further advances in the function of the β cell like clusters. Exciting developments and rapid progress in all areas of β cell replacement prompted a lively debate by members of the young investigator committee of the International Pancreas and Islet Transplant Association at the 15th International Pancreas and Islet Transplant Association Congress in Melbourne and at the 26th international congress of The Transplant Society in Hong Kong. This international group of young investigators debated which modality of β cell replacement would predominate the landscape in 10 years, and their arguments are summarized here.
A 60-GHz CMOS 16-beam beamformer for two-dimensional array antennas (2014)

A 60-GHz CMOS beamformer for sixteen conical-beam generation in both azimuth and elevation dimensions from planar array antennas is presented. The conventional 4-way Butler matrix allows four beams generated only in one dimension. For two-dimensional generation, two stacks of 4-way Butler matrix are composed to generate 16 beams in azimuth and elevation dimensions. The 16-beam beamformer was implemented in 0.18-µm CMOS technology, where the chip size is 2×2 mm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> . The progressive phase error between adjacent output ports is 17.6° at 60 GHz, which will result in 3° main-beam direction error. The insertion loss of one path is 4.7 dB. The overall array gain is 6.5 to 8.4dB.
Submicron Emulsions in Drug Targeting and Delivery (2019)

1. Introduction and Overview Part 1. Intravenous Fat Emulsions 2. Perspectives on the Use of Intravenous Lipid Emulsions in Man 3. Particle-Sizing Technologies for Submicron Emulsions 4. Biofate of Fat Emulsions Part 2. Submicron Emulsions as Therapeutic Delivery Systems 5. Design and Evaluation of Submicron Emulsions as Colloidal Drug Carriers for Intravenous Administration 6. Submicron Emulsions as Drug Carriers for Tropical Administration 7. Emulsions of Supercooled Melts - A Novel Drug Delivery System 8. Submicron Lipid Suspensions (Solid Lipid Nanoparticles) Versus Lipid Nanoemulsions: Similarities and Differences 9. Solid Lipid Nanoparticles (SLN) for Controlled Drug Delivery Part 3. Perfluorochemical Submicron Emulsions 10. The Design and Engineering of Oxygen-Delivering Fluorocarbon Emulsions
Bright White Light through Up-Conversion of a Single NIR Source from Sol−Gel-Derived Thin Film Made with Ln<sup>3+</sup>-Doped LaF<sub>3</sub> Nanoparticles (2005)

White light was generated from a single silica thin film made with Yb0.75La0.2Eu0.05F3, La0.45Yb0.5Er0.05F3, and La0.75Yb0.2Tm0.05F3 nanoparticles by exciting with a single source near-infrared light (980 nm CW diode laser). Eu3+ and Tm3+ ions are responsible for red and blue emission, respectively. Er3+ ion is responsible for green as well as red emission. The Commission Internationale de l'Eclairage (CIE) coordinates of the resulting light were easily adjusted by controlling the concentration of Ln3+ (Eu3+, Er3+, Tm3+) ions in the nanoparticles as well as the concentration of Ln3+-doped nanoparticles in the sol-gel thin layer.
Novel imidazolium-based poly(ionic liquid)s with different counterions for self-healing (2017)

Novel polymerized ionic liquids with different counterions were constructed, where ionic aggregations serve as physical cross-links providing excellent self-healing performance.
Food elimination based on IgG antibodies in irritable bowel syndrome: a randomised controlled trial (2004)

Food elimination based on IgG antibodies may be effective in reducing IBS symptoms and is worthy of further biomedical research.
Adaptive smoothing: a general tool for early vision (1991)

A method to smooth a signal while preserving discontinuities is presented. This is achieved by repeatedly convolving the signal with a very small averaging mask weighted by a measure of the signal continuity at each point. Edge detection can be performed after a few iterations, and features extracted from the smoothed signal are correctly localized (hence, no tracking is needed). This last property allows the derivation of a scale-space representation of a signal using the adaptive smoothing parameter k as the scale dimension. The relation of this process to anisotropic diffusion is shown. A scheme to preserve higher-order discontinuities and results on range images is proposed. Different implementations of adaptive smoothing are presented, first on a serial machine, for which a multigrid algorithm is proposed to speed up the smoothing effect, then on a single instruction multiple data (SIMD) parallel machine such as the Connection Machine. Various applications of adaptive smoothing such as edge detection, range image feature extraction, corner detection, and stereo matching are discussed.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Iowa Stubborn: Meredith Willson's musical characterization of his fellow Iowans (2009)

The song Iowa Stubborn from The Music Man provides a key to understanding the development and musical content of the work. Willson's Iowa Stubborn insistence on the organic development of songs from the narrative led him to use experimental techniques like speak-song and words-without-songs, some of which were by-products of his long career in radio. By creating a dialogic style of song based on stubborn pitch repetition and a small number of motifs, the composer, who by the early 1950s was Iowa's most famous son, was able to characterize the stubborn natives of the Hawkeye state, both musically and lyrically, in numerous numbers in the score.
Load-shedding in distribution systems during wide area disturbances (2005)

The 2003 blackouts in North America and Europe showed the importance of load-shedding during wide area disturbances. The analysis of the events that ended with system collapse resulted in multiple recommendations from the international commissions. Some of them highlight the importance and need for improvements of underfrequency load-shedding and at the same time require the implementation of undervoltage load-shedding. The paper briefly analyses the blackouts in North America and Italy and describes different methods for load-shedding based on centralized and distributed solutions. Combination of frequency, rate-of-change of frequency or the average rate-of-change of frequency elements allows the development of very advanced load-shedding schemes. Undervoltage load shedding can also be implemented in a substation level device or in the individual distribution feeder relays based on the voltage or rate-of-change of voltage. IEC 61850 defined substation automation systems with highspeed peer-to-peer communications that can be used for centralised load-shedding not only based on underfrequency or undervoltage conditions, but also when a load-shedding command has been received from a special protection scheme at the system level.
Variable effects of sodium butyrate on the expression and function of the <i>MDR</i> 1 (P‐glycoprotein) gene in colon carcinoma cell lines (1993)

Expression of the MDR1 (P-glycoprotein) gene confers resistance to several classes of chemotherapeutic drugs (multi-drug resistance). Colon carcinomas frequently express high levels of MDR1 mRNA and P-glycoprotein, presumably reflecting the origin of these tumors from MDR1-expressing normal colonic cells. In 4 colon carcinoma cell lines (SW 620, HCT-15, DLD-1, LS 180), MDR1 expression was reported in an earlier study to be elevated after exposure to a differentiating agent, sodium butyrate (NaB). In one of these cell lines (SW 620), increased MDR1 expression reportedly was not accompanied by a decrease in the accumulation or cytotoxicity of vinblastine, a P-glycoprotein-transported drug, suggesting a possible functional abnormality of NaB-induced P-glycoprotein. We have re-examined the effect of NaB on MDR1/P-glycoprotein expression and function in the same colon carcinoma cell lines. NaB treatment induced differentiation-related changes and increased expression of MDR1 mRNA in all 4 cell lines. A major increase in MDR1 mRNA and P-glycoprotein expression was observed in only one line, SW 620. This increase, however, was accompanied by a commensurate increase in the activity of P-glycoprotein, indicating that the induced protein was fully functional. NaB treatment caused a relatively minor increase in MDR1 mRNA expressed in the other 3 cell lines. Two of these lines showed a detectable increase in the P-glycoprotein expression and function, but in the third line (LS 180) P-glycoprotein was undetectable either before or after exposure to NaB. The magnitude of MDR1 induction by NaB showed no apparent correlation with differentiation-related changes induced by this agent.
Hydrogel-Based Drug Delivery Systems for Poorly Water-Soluble Drugs (2015)

Hydrogels are three-dimensional materials that can withstand a great amount of water incorporation while maintaining integrity. This allows hydrogels to be very unique biomedical materials, especially for drug delivery. Much effort has been made to incorporate hydrophilic molecules in hydrogels in the field of drug delivery, while loading of hydrophobic drugs has not been vastly studied. However, in recent years, research has also been conducted on incorporating hydrophobic molecules within hydrogel matrices for achieving a steady release of drugs to treat various ailments. Here, we summarize the types of hydrogels used as drug delivery vehicles, various methods to incorporate hydrophobic molecules in hydrogel matrices, and the potential therapeutic applications of hydrogels in cancer.
From iron coordination compounds to metal oxide nanoparticles (2016)

Various types, shapes and sizes of iron oxide nanoparticles were obtained depending on the nature of the precursor, preparation method and reaction conditions. The mixed valence trinuclear iron acetate, [Fe<sub>2</sub><sup>III</sup>Fe<sup>II</sup>O(CH<sub>3</sub>COO)<sub>6</sub>(H<sub>2</sub>O)<sub>3</sub>]·2H<sub>2</sub>O (FeAc1), μ<sub>3</sub>-oxo trinuclear iron(III) acetate, [Fe<sub>3</sub>O(CH<sub>3</sub>COO)<sub>6</sub>(H<sub>2</sub>O)<sub>3</sub>]NO<sub>3</sub>∙4H<sub>2</sub>O (FeAc2), iron furoate, [Fe<sub>3</sub>O(C<sub>4</sub>H<sub>3</sub>OCOO)<sub>6</sub>(CH<sub>3</sub>OH)<sub>3</sub>]NO<sub>3</sub>∙2CH<sub>3</sub>OH (FeF), iron chromium furoate, FeCr<sub>2</sub>O(C<sub>4</sub>H<sub>3</sub>OCOO)<sub>6</sub>(CH<sub>3</sub>OH)<sub>3</sub>]NO<sub>3</sub>∙2CH<sub>3</sub>OH (FeCrF), and an iron complex with an original macromolecular ligand (FePAZ) were used as precursors for the corresponding oxide nanoparticles. Five series of nanoparticle samples were prepared employing either a classical thermal pathway (i.e., thermal decomposition in solution, solvothermal method, dry thermal decomposition/calcination) or using a nonconventional energy source (i.e., microwave or ultrasonic treatment) to convert precursors into iron oxides. The resulting materials were structurally characterized by wide-angle X-ray diffraction and Fourier transform infrared, Raman, energy-dispersive X-ray, and X-ray fluorescence spectroscopies, as well as thermogravimetric analysis. The morphology was characterized by transmission electron microscopy, atomic force microscopy and dynamic light scattering. The parameters were varied within each route to fine tune the size and shape of the formed nanoparticles.