gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Cost-Saving Applications of Harsh Environment Jackups and Associated Contracting Philosophy Implications (1991)

Abstract The three extra large harsh environment jack-ups (ELJU’s) currently under construction take North Sea jack-up capability into water depths exceeding 110 metres. In addition to providing highly productive and safe exploration drilling capability, these units are also versatile tools for platform and template installation and drilling operations. Significant facility cost savings are possible from ELJU applications. Perceived risk of project exposure to rig non-availability or high dayrate may however deter Operators from selecting this drilling option and taking advantage of potential cost savi ngs. This paper highlights cost saving applications. It also shows that there is a progressive, convergent, controlled-exposure path to contracting an ELJU and maximising potential cost savings in project situations.
Fast localization and tracking using event sensors (2016)

The success of many robotics applications hinges on the speed at which the underlying sensing and inference tasks are carried out. Many high-speed applications such as autonomous driving and evasive maneuvering of quadrotors require high run time performance, which traditional cameras can seldom provide. In this paper we develop a fast localization and tracking algorithm using an event sensor, which produces on the order of million asynchronous events per second at pixels where luminance changes. The events are usually fired at the high gradient pixels (edges), where luminance changes occur as the sensor moves. We develop a fast spatio-temporal binning scheme to detect lines from these events at the edges. We represent the 3D model of the world using vertical lines, and the sensor pose can be estimated using the correspondences from 2D event lines to 3D world lines. The inherent simplicity of our method enables us to achieve a run time performance of 1000 Hertz.
Terahertz sensing with meta-surfaces and integrated circuits (2013)

Many applications of terahertz technology are concerned with sensing of substances such as drugs, chemical compounds, explosives and much more. For this purpose, low-cost terahertz measurement systems are desired. In this respect, metasurfaces can be used as sensitive near-field sensors by exploiting the change of resonant frequency in the vicinity of substances. We demonstrate chip-based terahertz sensors that can be applied to measure the thickness of ultra-thin materials with a resolution of the order of 1/16000 of the wavelength. Furthermore, we show that the same sensor can be used for refractometric measurements. In this context, we evaluated the refractive index of highly absorptive liquids and liquid mixtures. Based on these measurements, we retrieved the mixing ratio of the liquid mixtures. Moreover, we show that meta-surfaces can be employed to implement chip-based terahertz circuits for highly confined surface waves. The electromagnetic properties of the meta-surface can be designed on purpose. For example, such meta-surfaces can serve as integrated interferometric sensors and can be used for highly sensitive measurements when only a small amount of a sample material is available.
Cyclodextrins, Their Value in Pharmaceutical Technology (1986)

Cyclodextrins are cyclic oligosaccharides consisting of a variable number of glucose units (usually 6 to 81. The ring formed by cyclodextrins is externally very hydrophilic and relatively apolar internally. In liquid or solid medium, these molecules are capable of forming inclusion compounds with many other molecules. The inclusion compounds thus formed display interesting properties in comparison with the starting molecule.In fact, inclusion may increase the stability of the guest molecules. Greater stability may be shown towards heat, resulting in lower volatility or higher thermal resistance. Greater stability may also be oxidation resistance. It may also concern the products in solution, whose hydrolysis may, in certain cases, be inhibited to varying degrees. For relatively insoluble active ingredients, inclusion may improve the solubility or dissolution rate. Depending on the stability constant of the inclusion compound formed, a better passage of the active ingredient through membranes may be observed. In vivo, this may be reflected by an increase in bioavailability, with a simultaneous increase in therapeutic effectiveness.
Optical superoscillations (2009)

Although band-limited by the wavelength, optical fields can oscillate arbitrarily fast where the field is weak. Such sub-wavelength detail typically occupies one-third of the area of images, including optical vortices where the local wavenumber diverges.
DNA replication in eukaryotic cells (1997)

DNA replication mechanisms, G.S. Brush, T.J. Kelly replication origins that function in eukaryotic cells, M.L. DePamphilis role of transcription factors in DNA replication, P.C. van der Vliet roles of nuclear structure in DNA replication, R. Laskey, M. Madine mechanisms for priming DNA synthesis, M. Salas, et al mechanisms for completing DNA replication, D. Bastia fidelity of eukaryotic DNA replication, J.D. Roberts, T.A. Kunkel DNA excision repair pathways in eukaryotes, E.C. Friedberg, R.D. Wood chromatin structure and DNA replication - implications for transcriptional activity, A.P. Wolffe phosphorylation in DNA replication, E. Fanning control of S phase in yeast and animal cells, K. Nasmyth temporal order of DNA replication, I. Simon, H. Cedar changes in DNA replication during animal development, J.L. Carminati, T.L. Orr-Weaver comparison of DNA replication in cells from prokarya and eukarya, B. Stillman cellular DNA polymerases, T.S.F. Wang viral DNA polymerases, D.M. Coen DNA replication accessory proteins, U. Huebscher, et al DNA helicases, J.A. Borowiec DNA ligases, R. Nash, T. Lindahl eukaryotic DNA topoisomerases, A. Hangaard Anderson, et al structure and biochemistry of ciliate and mammalian telomerases, C.W. Greider, et al papovaviruses, J. Hassell. (Part contents).
Study of the thermal evolution of the cyclic-oligomer formation in a cyclic-oligomer-free PET (2000)

A low percentage of cyclic oligomers can be found in poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET) from its synthesis onward. In this article, a cyclic-oligomer-free PET (COFP) obtained by solvent extraction was used to study the thermodynamics of the re-formation of cyclics from the melt. The cyclic-oligomer content re-increased into molten COFP, finally reaching an equilibrium. An analysis of the fraction of the re-formed cyclic oligomers showed that a majority of cyclic trimer (60–70%) was found at the equilibrium. Before the establishment of the equilibrium, an unusual behavior was observed in the relative proportion of cyclic trimer and tetramer during the first steps of their formation that was probably due to a competition between kinetic and thermodynamic products. © 2000 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Polym Sci A: Polym Chem 38: 416–422, 2000
Silicon microlens structures fabricated by scanning-probe gray-scale oxidation (2005)

We report on the micromachining of silicon microlens structures by use of scanning-probe gray-scale anodic oxidation along with dry anisotropic etching. Convex, concave, and arbitrarily shaped silicon microlenses with diameters as small as 2 microm are demonstrated. We also confirm the high fidelity of pattern transfer between the probe-induced oxides and the etched silicon microlens structures. Besides the flexibility, the important features of scanning-probe gray-scale anodic oxidation are small pixel size and pitch (of the order of tens of nanometers), an unlimited number of gray-scale levels, and the possibility of creating arbitrarily designed microlens structures with exquisite precision and resolution. With this approach, refractive, diffractive, and hybrid microlens arrays can be developed to create innovative optical components.
Surgery despite multiple non-interventional images of a porcelain aorta (2020)

An 80-year-old woman with coronary artery disease, mitral regurgitation and persistent atrial fibrillation with intermittent rapid ventricular rate was accepted for Coronary Artery Bypass Grafting (CABG) with epicardial lead insertion, at a joint CTS-cardiology meeting. A porcelain aorta was found
Effect of UV-Absorbing Agents on Photodegradation of Tranilast in Oily Gels. (1999)

Tranilast (TL) oily gels containing UV-absorbing agents (UV absorber) were prepared, and the effect of the agents against photodegradation of TL was investigated. When 0.1% TL oily gel without UV absorber was exposed to light, TL was photochemically decomposed to the extent of 74.1% of its initial content at the end of the first hour. Although there were differences in the preventive effect on photodegradation of TL depending on the UV absorbers employed, 2-(2-benzotriazolyl)-p-cresol (BTPC) was the most effective absorber. The addition of UV absorbers to the oily gel did not affect the release of TL from the gel, the skin permeation, or the skin concentration of TL following topical application. UV absorbers added to TL oily gel penetrated into skin; however, their concentration in skin was similar to that following application of commercial sunscreen. These results suggest that the addition of UV absorbers to the oily gel of TL may be useful in preventing photodegradation of TL in the gel.
Inositol 1,4,5-Trisphosphate Receptors as Signal Integrators (2004)

▪ Abstract The inositol 1,4,5 trisphosphate (IP 3 ) receptor (IP 3 R) is a Ca 2+ release channel that responds to the second messenger IP 3 . Exquisite modulation of intracellular Ca 2+ release via IP 3 Rs is achieved by the ability of IP 3 R to integrate signals from numerous small molecules and proteins including nucleotides, kinases, and phosphatases, as well as nonenzyme proteins. Because the ion conduction pore composes only ∼5% of the IP 3 R, the great bulk of this large protein contains recognition sites for these substances. Through these regulatory mechanisms, IP 3 R modulates diverse cellular functions, which include, but are not limited to, contraction/excitation, secretion, gene expression, and cellular growth. We review the unique properties of the IP 3 R that facilitate cell-type and stimulus-dependent control of function, with special emphasis on protein-binding partners.
The use of smart cards in personal communication systems security (1993)

The authors discuss the application of IC cards (or 'smart cards') in the security of personal communication systems. The architecture of smart cards is examined, as are their functional capabilities. An overview of the security requirements of personal communication systems applicable to smart cards is presented. Methods of implementing typical smart card security schemes are proposed, together with practical examples and rationale. The significant operational and security advantages achievable by the use of smart cards in security systems are discussed. The authors conclude with details of current limitations of smart card solutions to the security of personal communication systems, and details of likely future developments in smart card functionality.<
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Temporal Convolutional Networks for Action Segmentation and Detection (2016)

The ability to identify and temporally segment fine-grained human actions throughout a video is crucial for robotics, surveillance, education, and beyond. Typical approaches decouple this problem by first extracting local spatiotemporal features from video frames and then feeding them into a temporal classifier that captures high-level temporal patterns. We introduce a new class of temporal models, which we call Temporal Convolutional Networks (TCNs), that use a hierarchy of temporal convolutions to perform fine-grained action segmentation or detection. Our Encoder-Decoder TCN uses pooling and upsampling to efficiently capture long-range temporal patterns whereas our Dilated TCN uses dilated convolutions. We show that TCNs are capable of capturing action compositions, segment durations, and long-range dependencies, and are over a magnitude faster to train than competing LSTM-based Recurrent Neural Networks. We apply these models to three challenging fine-grained datasets and show large improvements over the state of the art.
Sensor Data Fusion for Full Arm Tracking Using Myo Armband and Leap Motion (2015)

The Myo Armband (Myo) is a sensor which can be attached to the forearm, and allows to send to devices equipped with Bluetooth muscular patterns of arm movements triggered by some gestures made by the hand. Also, it produces rotation data based on a gyroscope, accelerometer and magnetometer embedded on it. The Leap Motion (LM) is a sensor-based cameras and infrared lights, which allows accurately to track the hands motion, including fingers. Therefore, this work describes the use of sensor data fusion techniques to combine the data from both sensors in order to create a 3D virtual simulation in real-time of an arm motion, including the forearm, hand and fingers. The purpose of this combination is also improve the performance, aiming to overcome the main sensors' limitations when they are used individually, as occurs with Myo, which is limited to produce only forearm motion data and the LM, which has a limited field of view and range tracking. The experiment results shows that the studied algorithm is able to combines the data from both sensors achieving a considerable gain in the precision and tracking of the arm.
The <i>Arabidopsis thaliana</i> trehalase is a plasma membrane‐bound enzyme with extracellular activity (2007)

The lack of trehalose accumulation in most plant species has been partly attributed to the presence of an active trehalase. Although trehalose synthesis enzymes are thought to be cytosolic, and previous studies have indicated that trehalase activity is extracellular, the exact location of the enzyme has not yet been established in plant cell. We present evidence that the yet uncharacterised full-length Arabidopsis trehalase is a plasma membrane-bound protein, probably anchored to the membrane through a predicted N-terminal membrane spanning domain. The full-length AtTRE1, when expressed in yeast can functionally substitute for the extracellularly active trehalase Ath1p, by sustaining the growth of an ath1 null mutant strain on trehalose and at pH 4.8. We further demonstrate that AtTRE1 expressed in yeast is plasma membrane-bound as in plant cell. In light of these findings, the regulation of plant cell endogenous trehalose by trehalase is discussed.
Down-regulation of KOLT-2 antigen (CD28) by interleukin 2; role of IL-2R (p70). (1990)

Using KOLT-2 monoclonal antibody (mAb) recognizing a 44,000 molecular weight (MW) T-cell activation antigen (CD28), we observed the co-expression of KOLT-2 (CD28) antigen and Tac (CD25) antigen, associated with a 55,000 MW chain of the interleukin-2 receptor (IL-2R) complex. IL-2R (p55), on several T-cell lines transformed by human T-lymphotropic virus-I (HTLV-I), as well as several subclones of the natural killer (NK)-like cell line YT. When YT cells (YTC3T, YT5.1) and IL-2-dependent HTLV-I+ T-cell line cells (ED, ATL35C) expressing both IL-2R (p55) and IL-2R (p70) chains were cultured with recombinant IL-2 (rIL-2), KOLT-2 antigen was down-regulated in 24 hr. However, KOLT-2 antigen on HPB-ALL (Kurume) cells expressing neither of the IL-2R chains was unaffected by IL-2. IL-2 also failed to down-regulate KOLT-2 antigen on MT-1 cells bearing IL-2R (p55)/Tac without IL-2R (p70). To clarify the role of IL-2R (p70) in the IL-2-induced down-regulation of KOLT-2 antigen, we analysed the effect of IL-2 on a Tac- subclone of YT (YT2C2) that expresses IL-2R (p70). As was the case with Tac+ YT cells, KOLT-2 antigen was down-regulated by IL-2, and this down-regulation was inhibited by anti-IL-2R (p70) mAb but not by anti-Tac mAb. These results show that the signalling through the IL-2/IL-2R system down-regulates KOLT-2 (CD28) antigen by way of the interaction between IL-2 and IL-2R (p70), irrespective of IL-2R (p55)/Tac. Possible involvement of the IL-2/IL-2R system in the CD28-mediated mitogenic mechanism is discussed.
Effect of Cevimeline on Salivary Components in Patients with Sjögren Syndrome (2005)

The aim of this study is to clarify the effects of cevimeline on various components in human saliva, such as immunoglobulin A (IgA), lysozyme, alpha-amylase and squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) antigen. Twelve female patients with Sjögren syndrome (SS) and 14 healthy women were enrolled. After the first saliva collection, one capsule (30 mg) of cevimeline was administered to each subject. Saliva was collected again after 90 min. The salivary flow rate and concentration of each component were measured. In both groups the salivary flow rate and amylase concentration were significantly increased by cevimeline. The lysozyme and IgA concentrations did not change significantly in both groups. The SCC antigen concentration did not change significantly in the SS group, but it decreased significantly in the control group. The secretion rates of amylase and IgA showed significant increases in both groups. The secretion rate of lysozyme significantly increased only in the control group, while the secretion rate of SCC significantly increased only in the SS group. Cevimeline augments not only the salivary flow rate but also the secretion rate of some digestive and/or defense factors from infections. It may be beneficial for SS patients to continue taking cevimeline to prevent oral infections, and other serious sequelae.
Modeling video sources for real-time scheduling (2002)

What is the impact of autocorrelation of variable bit rate (VBR) video sources on real-time scheduling algorithms? Our results show that the impact of long term, or interframe, autocorrelation is negligible, while the impact of short term, or intraframe, autocorrelation can be significant. Such results are essentially independent of the video coding scheme employed. To derive these results, we introduce a model that is based on statistical analysis performed on actual video data. Our model accurately captures the distribution and the autocorrelation function of the source bit stream on both the frame and the slice level. We show that the original video data sequence can be modeled as a collection of stationary subsequences called scenes. Within a scene, a model is derived for both the sequence of frames and of slices. In previous work at the slice level, the pseudo-periodicity of the autocorrelation function made it difficult, to develop a simple yet accurate model. One of the new elements introduced in this work is that we present a generalization of previous methods, that can easily capture this pseudo-periodicity and is suited for modeling a greater variety of autocorrelation functions. The generality of our model lies in that, by simply tuning a few parameters, it is able to reproduce the statistical behavior of sources with different types and levels of correlation.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Base Stacking:  pH-Mediated On-Column Sample Concentration for Capillary DNA Sequencing (1998)

An on-column sample concentration method for capillary-based DNA sequencing was studied. This base-stacking method allows direct injection of unpurified products of dye-primer sequencing reactions onto capillaries without any pretreatment. On-column concentration of DNA fragments is achieved simply by electrokinetic injection of hydroxide ions. A neutralization reaction between these OH- ions and the cationic buffer component Tris+ results in a zone of lower conductivity, within which field focusing occurs. DNA fragments are concentrated at the front of this low-conductivity zone. With sample injection times as long as 360 s at 50 V/cm, resolution could still be restored by the stacking process. Using a 36/47-cm-long uncoated capillary, with poly(dimethylacrylamide) as the separation matrix, and electric field of 160 V/cm, a resolution of at least 0.5 could be generated for fragments up to 650 nucleotides long. Both resolution and signal strength are excellent relative to conventional injection of highly purified samples. No significant degradation of the capillary performance was observed over at least 20 sequencing runs using this new sample injection methods.
CHEMOKINE-BINDING VIRAL PROTEIN M-T7 PREVENTS CHRONIC REJECTION IN RAT RENAL ALLOGRAFTS (2003)

M-T7 is a myxoma virus-encoded protein that has been found to bind and disrupt human chemokine gradients. This study examined whether purified M-T7 could prevent chronic rejection in a rat renal allograft model. Fisher F344 renal allografts were transplanted into Lewis rats. Recipients were randomly grouped into two groups: control animals treated with cyclosporine alone and animals treated with cyclosporine combined with low-, medium- and high-dose M-T7 viral protein. The survival rate was not significantly different between allograft groups. Renal allografts treated with high-dose M-T7 demonstrated a significant reduction in tubular atrophy, glomerular atrophy, vascular hyalinization, cortical scarring, and lymphocyte infiltration. Morphometric analyses demonstrated that the high-dose M-T7 group also showed a significantly decreased amount of glomerulosclerosis and transplant arteriosclerosis. These data demonstrate for the first time that the immunoregulatory viral protein M-T7 can effectively attenuate chronic rejection in rat renal allografts.
NullHop: A Flexible Convolutional Neural Network Accelerator Based on Sparse Representations of Feature Maps (2018)

Convolutional neural networks (CNNs) have become the dominant neural network architecture for solving many state-of-the-art (SOA) visual processing tasks. Even though graphical processing units are most often used in training and deploying CNNs, their power efficiency is less than 10 GOp/s/W for single-frame runtime inference. We propose a flexible and efficient CNN accelerator architecture called NullHop that implements SOA CNNs useful for low-power and low-latency application scenarios. NullHop exploits the sparsity of neuron activations in CNNs to accelerate the computation and reduce memory requirements. The flexible architecture allows high utilization of available computing resources across kernel sizes ranging from 1×1 to 7×7 . NullHop can process up to 128 input and 128 output feature maps per layer in a single pass. We implemented the proposed architecture on a Xilinx Zynq field-programmable gate array (FPGA) platform and presented the results showing how our implementation reduces external memory transfers and compute time in five different CNNs ranging from small ones up to the widely known large VGG16 and VGG19 CNNs. Postsynthesis simulations using Mentor Modelsim in a 28-nm process with a clock frequency of 500 MHz show that the VGG19 network achieves over 450 GOp/s. By exploiting sparsity, NullHop achieves an efficiency of 368%, maintains over 98% utilization of the multiply-accumulate units, and achieves a power efficiency of over 3 TOp/s/W in a core area of 6.3 mm<sup>2</sup>. As further proof of NullHop's usability, we interfaced its FPGA implementation with a neuromorphic event camera for real-time interactive demonstrations.
Kinetics of Templated Grain Growth of 0.65Pb(Mg <sub>1/3</sub> Nb <sub>2/3</sub> )O <sub>3</sub> ·0.35PbTiO <sub>3</sub> (2001)

Single‐crystal layers of 0.65Pb(Mg 1/3 Nb 2/3 )O 3 ·0.35PbTiO 3 (PMN‐35PT) were grown heteroepitaxially on {001}‐BaTiO 3 template crystals. A {001}‐BaTiO 3 crystal was embedded in a fine‐grained matrix of PMN‐35PT containing excess PbO and heated between 950° and 1150°C for 0–5 h. The initial growth of the PMN‐35PT on the {001} surface and the growth of the matrix grains both displayed a t 1/3 dependence which is characteristic of diffusion‐controlled growth. Growth was limited to ∼100–150 μm due to the significantly reduced driving force at longer times because of matrix coarsening and porosity evolution.