gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Development of Science and Technology Parks in China, 1988–2008 (2011)

Abstract In order to investigate the effectiveness of science and technology industrial parks (STIPs), this study examines data on high-tech firms within and outside the STIPs in China, while paying special attention to the issues related to agglomeration and congestion. The main finding is that the negative effect of congestion on productivity is highly likely to outweigh the positive productivity effect of agglomeration economies within the STIPs but not among hightech firms outside the STIPs. The paper also finds that the productivity of high-tech firms, whether within or outside the STIPs, are positively associated with foreign direct investment and the academic activities of local universities in the same city.
MALDI imaging directed laser ablation tissue microsampling for data independent acquisition proteomics (2019)

A multimodal workflow for mass spectrometry imaging was developed that combines MALDI imaging with protein identification and quantification by liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). Thin tissue sections were analyzed by MALDI imaging, and the regions of interest (ROI) were identified using a smoothing and edge detection procedure. A midinfrared laser at 3-μm wavelength was used to remove the ROI from the brain tissue section after MALDI mass spectrometry imaging (MALDI MSI). The captured material was processed using a single-pot solid-phase-enhanced sample preparation (SP3) method and analyzed by LC-MS/MS using ion mobility (IM) enhanced data independent acquisition (DIA) to identify and quantify proteins; more than 600 proteins were identified. Using a modified database that included isoform and the post-translational modifications chain, loss of the initial methionine, and acetylation, 14 MALDI MSI peaks were identified. Comparison of the Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathways of the identified proteins was achieved through an evolutionary relationships classification system.
Electromechanically Tunable Plasmonic Nanowires Operating in Visible Wavelengths (2016)

We present an experimental demonstration of electrically controlled plasmonic resonators in visible wavelengths. This is accomplished by employing a suspended plasmonic nanowire (NW) placed on a metallic film. By incorporating nanoelectromechanics into the plasmonic NW, we electromechanically tune the gap between the NW and the metallic film. This electromechanical tuning dramatically changes the optical resonant properties of the NW, enabling dynamic modulation of the plasmon resonances. The proposed approach provides a promising route for achieving electrical control of plasmonic building blocks operating at visible wavelengths.
Optical design of wide-angle multi-wavelength f-theta lens (2017)

The f-theta lens is an important essential component in laser scanning systems that plays a decisive role in working surface, measuring speed and measurement accuracy, etc. A wide-angle f-theta lens operating at 486 nm ~ 656 nm is designed to change the range of small f-theta lens scanning range and single operating wavelength.Through the primary aberration analysis, the primary structure parameters of the system are determined, and the chromatic aberration correction is carried out by using the optical power distribution with different dispersion properties. The final design result shows that the lateral color is less than 3 μm, the calibrated f-Theta distortions are all less than 0.015% and the energy utilization rate is nearly 90%, which means that the focusing performances are close to the diffraction-limited. The system meets the requirements of high-precision laser marking systems with different waves.
Predicted Cold Start Emission Reductions Resulting from Exhaust Thermal Energy Conservation to Quicken Catalytic Converter Lightoff (1993)

<div class="htmlview paragraph">Catalytic converters are a primary component of an automotive emissions control system used to control exhaust emissions to the low levels required by current regulations. During cold starts, the converter is ineffective until it reaches a lightoff temperature of approximately 3500 C. During this time 50% to 80% of the regulated hydrocarbon and carbon monoxide emissions are emitted from the tailpipe. To reduce these cold start emissions to meet the more stringent emission standards required by the Revised Clean Air Act of 1990 and the more restrictive California emissions standards, the catalytic converter must be heated quickly to lightoff temperature.</div> <div class="htmlview paragraph">Conservation of exhaust thermal energy is one of several approaches being studied to quicken lightoff. Much thermal energy is available in the gases leaving the combustion chamber with temperatures exceeding 350°C following engine ignition. However, cold engine parts, cold manifolds and cold exhaust pipes cool these gases before they reach the catalytic converter. Analytical models were used to investigate the impact of exhaust system changes on converter inlet temperature and its impact on converter lightoff and cold start emissions. The models allow evaluation of converter location and pre-converter hardware design to identify system requirements, with reduced experimental development.</div>
Synthesis in a gel and sorption properties of N-2-sulfoethyl chitosan (2013)

A new procedure was developed for preparation of chelate amino-containing polymer N-2-sulfoethyl chitosan by synthesis in a gel through the reaction between chitosan and sodium 2-bromoethanesulfonate, yielding a polymer with the degree of substitution of up to 0.5. The structure of the resulting polymers was confirmed by 1H NMR spectroscopy. The sorption characteristics with respect to transition and alkaline-earth metal ions were determined for the cross-linked polymers.
A Study on the Technology of LVRT for DFIG (2018)

This paper presents the development of the wind power system and low voltage ride through (LVRT) techniques for doubly -fed induction generator (DFIG) wind energy system. In recent years, wind power has been developing rapidly. As the wind power penetration from large scale wind turbines has been increasing rapidly in the transmission system, there is a higher requirement for the frequency stability and power generation efficiency of the wind power generation system, and the power grid puts forward higher continuous operation requirements for the grid connected wind turbine in the power grid fault and demand that the wind power generator has to ride through the grid faults, especially the grid voltage dips. This overview mainly introduces DFIG and low voltage ride through technology in the wind power generation system. This paper introduces respectively their development, control strategies and future trend.
Multidimensional MR spectroscopic imaging of prostate cancer <i>in vivo</i> (2013)

Prostate cancer (PCa) is the second most common type of cancer among men in the United States. A major limitation in the management of PCa is an inability to distinguish, early on, cancers that will progress and become life threatening. One-dimensional (1D) proton ((1)H) MRS of the prostate provides metabolic information such as levels of choline (Ch), creatine (Cr), citrate (Cit), and spermine (Spm) that can be used to detect and diagnose PCa. Ex vivo high-resolution magic angle spinning (HR-MAS) of PCa specimens has revealed detection of more metabolites such as myo-inositol (mI), glutamate (Glu), and glutamine (Gln). Due to the J-modulation and signal overlap, it is difficult to quantitate Spm and other resonances in the prostate clearly by single- and multivoxel-based 1D MR spectroscopy. This limitation can be minimized by adding at least one more spectral dimension by which resonances can be spread apart, thereby increasing the spectral dispersion. However, recording of multivoxel-based two-dimensional (2D) MRS such as J-resolved spectroscopy (JPRESS) and correlated spectroscopy (L-COSY) combined with 2D or three-dimensional (3D) magnetic resonance spectroscopic imaging (MRSI) using conventional phase-encoding can be prohibitively long to be included in a clinical protocol. To reduce the long acquisition time required for spatial encoding, the echo-planar spectroscopic imaging (EPSI) technique has been combined with correlated spectroscopy to give four-dimensional (4D) echo-planar correlated spectroscopic imaging (EP-COSI) as well as J-resolved spectroscopic imaging (EP-JRESI) and the multi-echo (ME) variants. Further acceleration can be achieved using non-uniform undersampling (NUS) and reconstruction using compressed sensing (CS). Earlier versions of 2D MRS, theory of 2D MRS, spectral apodization filters, newer developments and the potential role of multidimensional MRS in PCa detection and management will be reviewed here.
Dynamic Voltage Restorer (DVR): A Comprehensive Review of Topologies, Power Converters, Control Methods, and Modified Configurations (2020)

Power quality is a pressing concern and of the utmost importance for advanced and high-tech equipment in particular, whose performance relies heavily on the supply’s quality. Power quality issues like voltage sags/swells, harmonics, interruptions, etc. are defined as any deviations in current, voltage, or frequency that result in end-use equipment damage or failure. Sensitive loads like medical equipment in hospitals and health clinics, schools, prisons, etc. malfunction for the outages and interruptions, thereby causing substantial economic losses. For enhancing power quality, custom power devices (CPDs) are recommended, among which the Dynamic Voltage Restorer (DVR) is considered as the best and cost-effective solution. DVR is a power electronic-based solution to mitigate and compensate voltage sags. This paper provides a thorough discussion and comprehensive review of DVR topologies based on operations, power converters, control methods, and applications. The review compares the state-of-the-art in works of literature, and comparative study on power quality issues, the DVR principle along with its operation modes, the DVR components, the DVR topologies based on energy storage, the DVR topologies based on single-/three-phase power converters, and the DVR topologies based on control units that have different control processing stages. Furthermore, modified and improved configurations of the DVR, as well as its integration with distributed generations, are described. This work serves as a comprehensive and useful reference for those who have an interest in researching DVRs.
Pulmonary surfactant phospholipids modulate priming of rabbit alveolar macrophages for oxidative responses (1992)

We investigated the effect of individual phospholipids contained in pulmonary surfactant (PS) on the macrophage-activating factor (MAF)-induced priming of rabbit alveolar macrophages (AMs) for oxidative responses elicited by phorbol myristate acetate (PMA) or opsonized zymosan (Op-Zym). AMs were incubated with MAF with or without phospholipids for 18 h. After incubation, oxidative responses were elicited with PMA (0.5 micrograms/ml) or Op-Zym (250 micrograms/ml) and monitored by chemiluminescence (CL) assays. The data indicate that natural surfactant inhibited MAF-induced priming of rabbit AMs for PMA- or Op-Zym-elicited oxidative responses. Artificial surfactant inhibited PMA-elicited CL responses but enhanced Op-Zym-elicited CL responses. Individual phospholipids differed in modulative activities. Dioleoyl phosphatidylcholine (DOPC), dipalmitoyl phosphatidylglycerol (DPPG), and phosphatidylinositol (PI) inhibited MAF-induced priming when the oxidative responses were elicited with PMA. Whereas DPPG inhibited Op-Zym-elicited oxidative responses, dipalmitoyl phosphatidylcholine (DPPC) and DOPC primed AMs for increased Op-Zym-elicited oxidative responses. DOPC did not affect the binding of phorbol dibutyrate to AMs, which suggests that reduced cell binding of phorbol ester was not responsible for the inhibition of PMA-elicited oxidative responses in AMs treated with DOPC. Similarly, DPPC, DOPC, and DPPG did not affect the number of zymosan particles phagocytosed by AMs compared to the control, which suggested that enhanced or reduced Op-Zym-elicited oxidative responses by phospholipids were not due to altered phagocytic activity of AMs. In conclusion, our data indicate that individual surfactant phospholipid differently modulates priming of AMs for oxidative responses, and the effect of individual phospholipids does not account for the effect of complete PS on priming of AMs.
Performance Characterization of a Novel Thin Position-Sensitive Avalanche Photodiode for 1 mm Resolution Positron Emission Tomography (2007)

We are developing dedicated breast and small animal positron emission tomography (PET) systems using scintillation detectors comprising 1times1times3 mm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3</sup> LSO crystals coupled to novel, extremely thin position-sensitive avalanche photodiodes (PSAPD). The detectors are placed in a novel configuration such that PSAPDs read the relatively large side faces of the crystals, with normally incident 511 keV photons entering parallel to the PSAPD surface. This configuration facilitates 1 mm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3</sup> spatial resolution, directly measured photon interaction depth in 2 cm thick LSO, and >90% scintillation light collection efficiency. For this design, extremely thin (<300 mum) PSAPDs are required to achieve high crystal packing fraction for high intrinsic detection efficiency. The standard PSAPD (8times8 mm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> active area) is packaged on a ceramic substrate, which is not compact enough for the desired detector configuration. The new PSAPD is packaged on a polyimid (Kapton) "flex" circuit with ~250 mum total thickness. This paper investigates whether the required modification to the PSAPD chip, packaging, and manufacturing processes lead to degraded performance for the thin device compared to the standard PSAPD. Electronically collimated coincidence measurements yielded an average intrinsic spatial resolution of 1.1 plusmn 0.1 mm FWHM, energy resolution of 10.8 plusmn 0.6% at 511 keV, and coincidence time resolution of 2.1 plusmn 0.2 ns FWHM for the standard PSAPD. The corresponding values measured for the thin PSAPD were very similar, 1.1 plusmn 0.1 mm FWHM, 10.9 plusmn 0.7%, and 2.0 plusmn 0.3 ns, respectively. In summary, the new thin PSAPD allows us to attain the design specifications for the proposed ultra-high resolution, high sensitivity PET systems and performs comparable to the standard device.
High-grade B-cell lymphoma with MYC and BCL2 and/or BCL6 rearrangements with diffuse large B-cell lymphoma morphology (2018)

High-grade B-cell lymphoma with <i>MYC</i> and <i>BCL2</i> and/or <i>BCL6</i> rearrangements (HGBL-DH/TH) is a newly defined entity in the latest World Health Organization Classification. Accurate diagnosis would appear to mandate fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) for all tumors with diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) morphology. We present the results of FISH, cell-of-origin, and immunohistochemistry (IHC) testing from 1228 DLBCL biopsies from 3 clinical trials and a population-based registry. HGBL-DH/TH made up 7.9% of the DLBCL, confined primarily to the germinal center B-cell-like (GCB; 13.3%) compared with activated B-cell-like (ABC; 1.7%) subtype (<i>P</i> < .001). HGBL-DH/TH with <i>BCL2</i> rearrangement is a GCB phenomenon with no cases observed in 415 ABC DLBCL. A screening strategy restricting FISH testing to tumors of GCB subtype (by Lymph2Cx or Hans IHC) plus dual protein expression of MYC and BCL2 by IHC could limit testing to 11% to 14% of tumors, with a positive predictive value of 30% to 37%; however, this strategy would miss approximately one-quarter of tumors with HBGL-DH/TH with <i>BCL2</i> rearrangement and one-third of all HGBL-DH/TH. These results provide accurate estimation of the proportion of HGBL-DH/TH among tumors with DLBCL morphology and allow determination of the impact of various methods available to screen DLBCL tumors for FISH testing.
Eddy current examination of carbon fibres in carbon-epoxy composites and Kevlar (2006)

This paper proposes a method for eddy current non-destructive examination of carbon fibres from carbon epoxy composites as well as the regions impacted with bullets from Kevlar textures. In this aim, an eddy current focused micro sensor, send-receiver type with orthogonal coils was developed. The obtained data were post processed using an incoherent holographic technique. By a small modification of lift-off, the successive layers of fibres can be visualised and, implicitly, their integrity. Using a similar method, the boundaries of the region impacted by a bullet from Kevlar textures were completely emphasised.
Health Effects of Fine Particulate Air Pollution: Lines that Connect (2006)

"Health Effects of Fine Particulate Air Pollution: Lines that Connect." Journal of the Air & Waste Management Association, 56(6), pp. 707–708
Understanding posttraumatic stress disorder: insights from the methylome (2013)

Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have identified numerous disease-associated variants; however, these variants have a minor effect on disease and explain only a small amount of the heritability of complex disorders. The search for the missing heritability has shifted attention to rare variants, copy number variants, copy neutral variants and epigenetic modifications. The central role of epigenetics, and specifically DNA methylation, in disease susceptibility and progression has become more apparent in recent years. Epigenetic mechanisms facilitate the response to environmental changes and challenges by regulating gene expression. This makes the study of DNA methylation in psychiatric disorders such as posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) highly salient, as the environment plays such a vital role in disease aetiology. The epigenome is dynamic and can be modulated by numerous factors, including learning and memory, which are important in the context of PTSD. Numerous studies have shown the effects of early life events, such as maternal separation and traumas during adulthood, on DNA methylation patterns and subsequent gene expression profiles. Aberrations in adaptive DNA methylation contribute to disease susceptibility when an organism is unable to effectively respond to environmental demands. Epigenetic mechanisms are also involved in higher order brain functions. Dysregulation of methylation is associated with neurodevelopmental and neurodegenerative cognitive disorders, affective disorders, addictive behaviours and altered stress responses. A thorough understanding of how the environment, methylome and transcriptome interact and influence each other in the context of fear and anxiety is integral to our understanding and treatment of stress-related disorders such as PTSD.
Universal Dependencies v2: An Evergrowing Multilingual Treebank Collection (2020)

Universal Dependencies is an open community effort to create cross-linguistically consistent treebank annotation for many languages within a dependency-based lexicalist framework. The annotation consists in a linguistically motivated word segmentation; a morphological layer comprising lemmas, universal part-of-speech tags, and standardized morphological features; and a syntactic layer focusing on syntactic relations between predicates, arguments and modifiers. In this paper, we describe version 2 of the guidelines (UD v2), discuss the major changes from UD v1 to UD v2, and give an overview of the currently available treebanks for 90 languages.
Characterization of human interleukin 2 receptor (Tac antigen) in normal and leukemic T cells: co-expression of normal and aberrant receptors on Hut-102 cells. (1984)

Human interleukin 2 receptors ( IL2R ) from various cell sources such as mitogen-activated normal human T cells, adult T cell leukemia (ATL)-derived cell line cells (MT-1, ATL-6, Hut-102), and a natural killer-like cell line YT cells, were studied both by one- and two-dimensional sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE), with a monoclonal anti- IL2R antibody (anti-Tac). In synthetic labeling with [35S]methionine, anti-Tac specifically precipitated two glycoproteins, one with m.w. of 60,000 to 65,000 and pI 4.2 to 4.7, and the other with m.w. about 40,000 and pI 6.2 to 6.5. A study of surface iodination revealed that the former component was membrane-associated mature IL2R , and a pulse-chase study showed that the latter component was a precursor for IL2R that already possessed tunicamycin-sensitive N-linked sugar side chain(s). This precursor was found to be posttranslationally processed into mature IL2R by further glycosylation within 240 min. Among the cells studied, a human T cell leukemia virus-positive leukemic cell line, Hut-102, was distinctive in that it possessed an additional membrane glycoprotein (m.w. 55,000 to 60,000, pI 4.2 to 5.0) also defined by anti-Tac. This unique glycoprotein of Hut-102 cells appeared to be an aberrant IL2R .
Modulating the tension-time integral of the cardiac twitch prevents dilated cardiomyopathy in murine hearts (2020)

Dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM) is often associated with sarcomere protein mutations that confer reduced myofilament tension-generating capacity. We demonstrated that cardiac twitch tension-time integrals can be targeted and tuned to prevent DCM remodeling in hearts with contractile dysfunction. We employed a transgenic murine model of DCM caused by the D230N-tropomyosin (Tm) mutation and designed a sarcomere-based intervention specifically targeting the twitch tension-time integral of D230N-Tm hearts using multiscale computational models of intramolecular and intermolecular interactions in the thin filament and cell-level contractile simulations. Our models predicted that increasing the calcium sensitivity of thin filament activation using the cardiac troponin C (cTnC) variant L48Q can sufficiently augment twitch tension-time integrals of D230N-Tm hearts. Indeed, cardiac muscle isolated from double-transgenic hearts expressing D230N-Tm and L48Q cTnC had increased calcium sensitivity of tension development and increased twitch tension-time integrals compared with preparations from hearts with D230N-Tm alone. Longitudinal echocardiographic measurements revealed that DTG hearts retained normal cardiac morphology and function, whereas D230N-Tm hearts developed progressive DCM. We present a computational and experimental framework for targeting molecular mechanisms governing the twitch tension of cardiomyopathic hearts to counteract putative mechanical drivers of adverse remodeling and open possibilities for tension-based treatments of genetic cardiomyopathies.
Regioselective Hydration of Alkynes by Iron(III) Lewis/Brønsted Catalysis (2012)

The triflimide iron(III) salt [Fe(NTf(2))(3)] promotes the direct hydration of terminal and internal alkynes with very good Markovnikov regioselectivities and high yields. The enhanced carbophilic Lewis acidity of the Fe(III) cation mediated by the weakly-coordinating triflimide anion is crucial for the catalytic activity. The iron(III) metal salt can be recycled in the form of the OPPh(3)/[Fe(NTf(2))(3)] system with similar activity and selectivity. However, spectroscopic and kinetic studies show that [Fe(NTf(2))(3)] hydrolyzes under the reaction conditions and that catalytically less active Brønsted species are formed, which points to a Lewis/Brønsted co-catalysis. This triflimide-based catalytic system is regioselective for the hydration of internal aryl-alkynes and opens the door to a new synthetic route to alkyl ketophenones. As a proof of concept, the synthesis of two antipsychotics Haloperidol and Melperone, with general butyrophenone-like structure, is shown.