gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Interference-aware discovery and optimal uplink scheduling for D2D communication in LTE networks (2015)

Device-to-Device (D2D) communication underlaying a cellular infrastructure has recently gained tremendous interest not only by the researchers but also by cellular operators and equipment manufacturers. In this paper, we have introduced a novel D2D communication scheme which can be realized by a D2D discovery mechanism along with a two-phase interference-aware optimal D2D uplink scheduling scheme for Long Term Evolution (LTE) networks. Our proposed scheme is different from the D2D emergency communication use-case being proposed by 3rd Generation Partnership Project (3GPP) in (i) reuse of Resource Blocks (RBs) and (ii) network assisted D2D communication, because of which commercial use of the proposed scheme can be made possible. To validate the proposed scheme, we have conducted extensive simulations usingMatlab and emulations in a test-bed created for this purpose. Both simulation and emulation results demonstrate that by allowing D2D communication along with cellular communication, network performance is improved significantly. However, implementing D2D along with the cellular transmissions requires certain changes in the 3GPP standards and should be reflected in the future releases of LTE.
Prediction of polar ordered oxynitride perovskites (2007)

Using a materials by design approach, the authors find a class of ordered oxynitride piezoelectrics with perovskite structure. They predict that ordered YSiO2N and YGeO2N are characterized by large nonlinear optic responses and by some of the largest polarizations known to date.
Effect of B<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> and CuO on the Sintering Temperature and Microwave Dielectric Properties of Ba(Zn<sub>1/3</sub>Ta<sub>2/3</sub>)O<sub>3</sub> Ceramics (2005)

Sintering temperature of the Ba(Zn 1/3 Ta 2/3 )O 3 (BZT) ceramic is about 1550°C and it decreased to 950°C when B 2 O 3 was added. The BaB 4 O 7 second phase whose melting temperature is 889°C was found in the B 2 O 3 added BZT ceramics. The BaB 4 O 7 second phase assisted the sintering of the BZT ceramics at 950°C. However, the B 2 O 3 added BZT ceramic was not sintered below 950°C and the microwave dielecric properties were not satisfactory. On the other hand, when the B 2 O 3 and the CuO were added, the BZT ceramic was sintered even at 870°C. The BaCu(B 2 O 5 ) phase which was found in the CuO and B 2 O 3 added BZT ceramics, existed as the liquid phase during the sintering and helped the densification of the BZT ceramics at temperatures lower than 950°C. Good microwave dielectric properties of Q × f =11,000 GHz, ε r =26 and τ f =0.0 ppm/°C were obtained from the BZT + 5.0 mol% B 2 O 3 + 10.0 mol% CuO ceramic sintered at 870°C for 2 h.
The Universal Overcurrent Relay (1996)

A comprehensive list of nondirectional overcurrent relays would include thermal overload, inverse-time, definite time, and instantaneous relays. The list could be further classified by operating quantities including individual phase, residual, and negative-sequence current. Taken collectively and depending on the characteristic shape, pickup and time range, and dynamics, these relays span the applications for motor, feeder, and breaker failure protection. Because of the past necessity for using either discrete or specialized system relays, overcurrent characteristics for these applications may appear diverse and unrelated. However, microprocessor relay technology has advanced to where it is not only feasible, but it is of distinct economic advantage, to consider all these characteristics collectively as attributes of a universal overcurrent relay. This universal relay concept is used here to discuss the commonality, the differences, and the coordination of the elements required for feeder, motor, and breaker failure protection. The article goes on to discuss the rules for the coordination of negative-sequence overcurrent characteristics for sensitive phase-to-phase fault protection in feeders, as well as for unbalanced current protection of induction motors.
Development of an improved austenitic drill collar alloy (1987)

A metallurgical analysis and property comparison are made among several alloys in the development of an improved, high-strength, nonmagnetic alloy for directional drilling applications. Armco Non-Mag 618 (AN618), a nitrogen-bearing, low-Ni stainless steel, displays significant improvement over T-287 and Gammaloy, previous-generation drill collar alloys. Data are included that show higher-strength AN618 and T-287 to be very stable austenitic alloys, with improved resistance to stress corrosion cracking in solutions that simulate many different downhole conditions, including very high chloride-containing muds at boiling temperatures. Their nonmagnetic stability is excellent, allowing high reliability in directional drilling applications.
Niche Position and Opportunities for Woody Biomass Conversion (2012)

For centuries, humans used plant biomass as food and heat, but use of biomass for fuel and chemicals was largely displaced by fossil sources after the commercial utilization of coal, and more recently petroleum and natural gas. Fossil sources have certain advantages over biomass in terms of energy density, shipping, and storage. However, fossil fuel combustion by a rapidly expanding world population over the past century has led to sharp increases in atmospheric CO2, and may very well be linked to human-induced climate change. Moreover, petroleum is an unsustainable energy source; even the most conservative projections indicate crude oil reserves will be depleted by the year 2100 (1). Rebuilding the potential of biomass as a renewable source of materials and cleaner energy is imperative to the sustainability of human civilization. Commercial deployment of lignocellulosic-based biorefinery technology, making full use of all available forest materials, woody biomass crops, perennial grasses, and agricultural residues, is the niche opportunity pathway in woody biomass conversion for ABS Process™ Biorefinery Technology, incorporating Hot Water Extraction™ cooking to contribute toward sustainable world development. A critical factor in defining the success of this process may be integration of lignin products into the product portfolio.
Facile structure and property tuning through alteration of ring structures in conformationally locked phenyltetraene nonlinear optical chromophores (2011)

A series of phenyltetraene-based nonlinear optical (NLO) chromophores 1a–c with the same donor and acceptor groups, but different tetraene bridges that are partly connected by various sizes of aliphatic rings, have been synthesized and systematically investigated. The interposed conjugated tetraene segments in three chromophores studied are based on isophorone, (1S)-(−)-verbenone, and 3,4,4-trimethyl-2-cyclopentenone, respectively. This kind of structural alteration has significant effect on the intrinsic electronic structures and physical properties of these highly polarizable chromophores as revealed by a variety of characterization techniques. The introduction of the verbenone- and trimethylcyclopentenone-based tetraene bridges could significantly improve the glass-forming ability of chromophores 1b and 1c in comparison with the highly crystalline characteristics of isophorone-based chromophores 1a. More importantly, chromophores 1a–c exhibited distinct optical features in absorption band shape, solvatochromic behavior, as well as energy band gap from the UV-vis-NIR absorption measurements. Quantum mechanical calculations using density functional theory (DFT) were also used to evaluate second-order NLO properties of these chromophores. The electro-optic (EO) coefficients of 1a–c in poled polymers with the 10 wt% chromophore content showed an apparent decrease from 78 pm V−1 for 1a to 42 pm V−1 for 1c. This decrease is attributed to the gradual decrease of the molecular hyperpolarizability (β) of the chromophores which is associated with the progressive cyanine-like electronic structure from the isophorone-based 1a to the cyclopentenone-based 1cchromophore.
Temperature Compensated IBAR Reference Oscillators (2006)

This work presents a two-chip automatically temperature-compensated micromechanical IBAR reference oscillator with a temperature drift of 39ppm over 100 ° C. Temperature compensation is provided by a parabolic V <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">P</inf> correction scheme and provides 10X improvement over previously reported results. Tunable 6MHz, 10MHz, and 20MHz resonators were characterized with 2000– 4500ppm tuning and Q up to 119000. Motional impedances as low as 218Ω were extracted from measurement data with V <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">P</inf> = 18V. The interface IC for temperature compensation and oscillation consumes only 1.9mW. Measurements also show that temperature compensation of a 10MHz resonator with 65nm gaps is possible with less than 5V.
Noise considerations in circuit optimization (2000)

Noise can cause digital circuits to switch incorrectly, producing spurious results. It can also have adverse power, timing and reliability effects. Dynamic logic is particularly susceptible to charge-sharing and coupling noise. Thus, the design and optimization of a circuit should take noise considerations into account. Such considerations are typically stated as semi-infinite constraints in the time-domain. Semi-infinite problems are generally harder to solve than standard nonlinear optimization problems. Moreover, the number of noise constraints can potentially be very large. This paper describes a novel and practical method for incorporating realistic noise considerations during automatic circuit optimization by representing semi-infinite constraints as ordinary equality constraints involving time integrals. Using an augmented Lagrangian optimization merit function, the adjoint method is applied to compute all the gradients required for optimization in a single adjoint analysis, no matter how many noise measurements are considered and irrespective of the dimensionality of the problem. Thus, for the first time, a method is described to practically accommodate a large number of noise considerations during circuit optimization. The technique has been applied to optimization using time-domain simulation, but could be applied in the future to optimization on a static-timing basis. Numerical results are presented.
Discovery, Synthesis, and Evaluation of 2,4-Diaminoquinazolines as a Novel Class of Pancreatic β-Cell-Protective Agents against Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER) Stress (2016)

Pancreatic insulin-producing β-cell dysfunction and death plays central roles in the onset and progression of both type 1 and type 2 diabetes. Current antidiabetic drugs cannot halt the ongoing progression of β-cell dysfunction and death. In diabetes, a major cause for the decline in β-cell function and survival is endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress. Here, we identified quinazoline derivatives as a novel class of β-cell protective agents against ER stress-induced dysfunction and death. A series of quinazoline derivatives were synthesized from dichloroquiazoline utilizing a sequence of nucleophilic reactions. Through SAR optimization, 2,4-diaminoquinazoline compound 9c markedly protects β-cells against ER stress-induced dysfunction and death with 80% maximum rescue activity and an EC50 value of 0.56 μM. Importantly, 9c restores the ER stress-impaired glucose-stimulated insulin secretion response and survival in primary human islet β-cells. We showed that 9c protects β-cells by alleviating ER stress through the suppression of the induction of key genes of the unfolded protein response and apoptosis.
A New Time Domain Technique for Velocity Measurements Using Doppler Ultrasound (1985)

A new technique for determining the Doppler frequency shift in a phase-coherent pulsed Doppler system is presented. In the new approach, the Doppler frequency shift is given directly in the time domain in terms of the measured I and Q components of the measured Doppler signal. The algorithm is based on an expression for the instantaneous rate of change of phase which separates rapidly varying from slowly varying terms. It permits noise smoothing in each term separately. Since the technique relies solely on signal processing in the time domain, it is significantly simpler to implement than the classic Fourier transform approach. In addition, the algorithm can be shown to give rigorously accurate values for instantaneous frequency and outperform the Fourier transform approach in poor signal-to-noise environments. Experimental results are presented which confirm the superiority of the new domain technique.
Informed embedding: exploiting image and detector information during watermark insertion (2002)

Usually watermark embedding simply adds a globally or locally attenuated watermark pattern to the cover data (photograph, music, movie). The attenuation is required to maintain fidelity of the cover data to an observer while the watermark detector considers the cover data to be "noise". We refer to this as blind embedding. Cox, Miller and McKellips (see Proceedings of the IEEE, vol.87, no.7, p.1127-41, 1999) observed that the cover data is not noise, i.e. it is not random but completely known at the time of embedding. This knowledge, along with knowledge of the detection algorithm to be used, allows a new category of informed embedder to be realized. We describe a simple watermarking algorithm and then compare the performance of blind embedding with three types of informed embedding. Note that in all four cases, the watermark detector is unchanged, only the embedder is altered. Experimental results clearly reveal the improvement of informed over blind embedding.
A simple self-restored fiber Bragg grating (FBG)-based passive sensing ring network (2009)

In this investigation, we propose and experimentally investigate a simple self-restored fiber Bragg grating (FBG)-based sensor ring system. This proposed multi-ring passive sensing architecture does not require active components in the network. In this experiment, the network survivability and capacity for the multi-point sensor systems are also enhanced. Besides, the tunable laser source (TLS) is adopted in a central office (CO) for FBG sensing. The survivability of an eight-point FBG sensor is examined and analyzed. It is cost effective since the sensing system is entirely centralized in the CO. Experimental results show that the proposed system can enhance the reliability of the FBG sensing network for large-scale and multi-point architecture.
On-Chip Passive Photonic Reservoir Computing with Integrated Optical Readout (2017)

Photonic reservoir computing is a recent bio- inspired paradigm for signal processing. Despite first successes, the paradigm still faces challenges. We address some of these challenges and introduce our approaches to solve them. In detail, we discuss how integrated reservoirs can be scaled up by injecting multiple copies of the input. Further we introduce a new hardware-friendly training method for integrated optical readouts.
Threshold Profiling for Wideband Ranging (2018)

This letter establishes a methodology to design threshold profiles for wideband ranging systems. Differently from conventional methods using a single threshold value that is designed based on the signal detection and false-alarm probability requirements, we propose a threshold profile that is designed based also on the ranging error requirement. The proposed method relies only on channel statistics without requiring channel estimation. A case study shows that, compared to conventional methods, the proposed method for threshold profiling significantly improves the performance in terms of false-alarm probability, detection probability, and ranging error.
Tracing Determinants of Dual Substrate Specificity in Glycoside Hydrolase Family 5 (2012)

Enzymes are traditionally viewed as having exquisite substrate specificity; however, recent evidence supports the notion that many enzymes have evolved activities against a range of substrates. The diversity of activities across glycoside hydrolase family 5 (GH5) suggests that this family of enzymes may contain numerous members with activities on multiple substrates. In this study, we combined structure- and sequence-based phylogenetic analysis with biochemical characterization to survey the prevalence of dual specificity for glucan- and mannan-based substrates in the GH5 family. Examination of amino acid profile differences between the subfamilies led to the identification and subsequent experimental confirmation of an active site motif indicative of dual specificity. The motif enabled us to successfully discover several new dually specific members of GH5, and this pattern is present in over 70 other enzymes, strongly suggesting that dual endoglucanase-mannanase activity is widespread in this family. In addition, reinstatement of the conserved motif in a wild type member of GH5 enhanced its catalytic efficiency on glucan and mannan substrates by 175 and 1,600%, respectively. Phylogenetic examination of other GH families further indicates that the prevalence of enzyme multispecificity in GHs may be greater than has been experimentally characterized. Single domain multispecific GHs may be exploited for developing improved enzyme cocktails or facile engineering of microbial hosts for consolidated bioprocessing of lignocellulose.
Synergistic effect of leptin and lipidized PrRP on metabolic pathways in ob/ob mice (2019)

Lack of leptin production in ob/ob mice results in obesity and prediabetes that could be partly reversed by leptin supplementation. In the hypothalamus, leptin supports the production of prolactin-releasing peptide (PrRP), an anorexigenic neuropeptide synthesized and active in the brain. In our recent studies, the palmitoylated PrRP analog palm11-PrRP31 showed a central anorexigenic effect after peripheral administration. This study investigates whether PrRP could compensate for the deficient leptin in ob/ob mice. In two separate experiments, palm11-PrRP31 (5 mg/kg) and leptin (5 or 10 μg/kg) were administered subcutaneously twice daily for 2 or 8 weeks to 8- (younger) or 16-(older) week-old ob/ob mice, respectively, either separately or in combination. The body weight decreasing effect of palm11-PrRP31 in both younger and older ob/ob mice was significantly powered by a subthreshold leptin dose, the combined effect could be then considered synergistic. Leptin and palm11-PrRP31 also synergistically lowered liver weight and blood glucose in younger ob/ob mice. Reduced liver weight was linked to decreased mRNA expression of lipogenic enzymes. In the hypothalamus of older ob/ob mice, two main leptin anorexigenic signaling pathways, namely, Janus kinase, signal transducer and activator of transcription-3 activation and AMP-activated protein kinase de-activation, were induced by leptin, palm11-PrRP31, and their combination. Thus, palm11-PrRP31 could partially compensate for leptin deficiency in ob/ob mice. In conclusion, the results demonstrate a synergistic effect of leptin and our lipidized palm11-PrRP31 analog.
SVISS – a novel transient gene silencing system for gene function discovery and validation in tobacco plants (2002)

We developed a novel, two-component transient gene silencing system in which the satellite tobacco mosaic virus (STMV) is used as vector for the delivery of inhibitory RNA into tobacco plants and the tobacco mosaic virus strain U2 (TMV-U2) is used as helper virus for supplying replication and movement proteins in trans. The main advantage of the system is that by uncoupling virus replication components from silencing induction components, the intensity of silencing becomes more pronounced. We call this system satellite virus-induced silencing system (SVISS) and will demonstrate here its robustness, speed and effectiveness. We were able to obtain pronounced and severe knockout phenotypes for a range of targeted endogenous genes belonging to various biochemical pathways and expressed in different plant tissues, such as genes involved in leaf and flower pigmentation, genes for cell wall synthesis in leaf, stem and root tissues or a ubiquitous RNA polymerase gene. By tandem insertion of more than one target gene sequence into the vector, we were able to induce simultaneous knockouts of an endogenous gene and a transgene. SVISS is the first transient gene silencing system for Nicotiana tabacum, which is a genetically well-characterized bridging species for the Solanaceae plant family.
Purification and properties of an endothelial cell growth factor from human platelets. (1987)

An endothelial cell growth factor has been purified about 1,000,000-fold to homogeneity from human platelets by a seven-step procedure. The purified product has an apparent Mr on sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gels of 45,000. The mobility in sodium dodecyl sulfate gel electrophoresis was similar in the presence or absence of reducing agents, indicating that the factor consists of a single polypeptide chain. Maximal stimulation by the purified protein was achieved at a concentration of about 20 ng/ml (440 pM). Heparin did not potentiate the activity, nor did the factor bind to heparin immobilized on Sepharose. The purified factor was heat- and acid-labile; it was active on porcine and human endothelial cells, but not on human foreskin fibroblasts. Chromatofocusing revealed that the pI of the factor was 4.6. The structural and functional characteristics of the platelet-derived endothelial cell growth factor are distinct from previously characterized endothelial cell mitogens with affinities for heparin.
Cardiac biometric security in welfare monitoring (2012)

The electrocardiogram (ECG) is a new and promising modality for biometric recognition. This signal is typically collected within welfare monitoring environments along with other vital signals. As opposed to static biometric modalities like the iris or the fingerprints, ECG is time-dependent thereby presenting the opportunity of continuously authenticating subjects in such environments. However, ECG is affected by both physical and psychological activities, which have to be taken into consideration for successful deployment of this biometric. This paper demonstrates the effects of psychology on the performance of ECG biometric systems and proposes a novel methodology for automatic template updating in order to mitigate the risks associated with poor biometric matching.
Fibronectin attachment protein from bacillus Calmette‐Guerin as targeting agent for bladder tumor cells (2011)

The adjuvant therapy of choice for superficial bladder cancer is the intravesical instillation of live Mycobacterium bovis bacillus Calmette-Guerin (BCG). Despite the fact that this therapy is the most effective treatment for superficial bladder cancer, intravesical administration of BCG is associated with high local morbidity and the potential for systemic infection. Therefore, there is a need for the development of safer, less toxic approaches to fight this disease. Because fibronectin attachment protein (FAP) is a key element in BCG retention and targeting to cells, we hypothesize that this protein can be used as targeting agent to deliver cytotoxic cargo for the treatment of bladder tumors. Here, we evaluated the ability of bladder tumor cells to bind and endocytose FAP via fibronectin-integrin complexes. We found that microaggregation induced by an anti-FAP polyclonal antibody accelerated FAP uptake by T24 bladder tumor cells. FAP was determined to be internalized via a clathrin-independent, caveolae-dependent mechanism. Furthermore, once within the endosomal compartment, FAP was targeted to the lysosomal compartment with negligible recycling to the plasma membrane. Importantly, we demonstrated that FAP microaggregation and internalization could also be triggered by multivalent Ni(2+) NTA-bearing liposomes. Overall, our studies validate the use of FAP as a targeting vector and provide the foundation for the design of more effective, less-toxic bladder cancer therapeutics.