gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
3D Stereoscopic Image Generation of a 2D Medical Image (2010)

최근 다양한 3차원 영상처리 기술이 산업체 전반으로 확대되고 있다. 관련 기술중의 하나인 입체변환은 기존의 2D영상에서 입체영상을 생성하는 기술이다. 이 기술은 영화, 방송 콘텐츠에 적용되어 3D 입체로 시청할 수 있는데, 3D 기술의 지속적인 산업체 응용이 요구됨에 따라 입체변환 기술을 새로운 분야로 적용하여 새로운 입체 콘텐츠를 제작하는 것이 필요하다. 이러한 추세에 따라 이 기술을 의료영상에 응용하는 것이 본 논문의 목적이다. 의료 영상은 정확한 판독이 필요하기 때문에 2D 의료영상보다 구체적인 3D 정보를 얻을 수 있는 3D 입체영상에 관심이 높아지고 있다. 본 논문에서는 기존의 2D 의료영상으로부터 입체영상을 생성하는 의료영상 입체변환 방법을 제안한다. 실험 영상으로 CT(Computed Tomograpy) 영상을 사용한다. 제안 방법은 장기의 영역 분할, 에지를 이용한 경계선 추출, 각 장기의 깊이 정보에 따른 명암 분석 등으로 구성된다. 얻어진 데이터를 바탕으로 CT 영상의 깊이맵을 생성한다. 최종적으로 추출된 깊이 맵과 2D 의료영상으로 부터 입체영상을 생성한다. Recently, diverse 3D image processing technologies have been applied in industries. Among them, stereoscopic conversion is a technology to generate a stereoscopic image from a conventional 2D image. The technology can be applied to movie and broadcasting contents and the viewer can watch 3D stereoscopic contents. Further the stereoscopic conversion is required to be applied to other fields. Following such trend, the aim of this paper is to apply the stereoscopic conversion to medical fields. The medical images can deliver more detailed 3D information with a stereoscopic image compared with a 2D plane image. This paper presents a novel methodology for converting a 2D medical image into a 3D stereoscopic image. For this, mean shift segmentation, edge detection, intensity analysis, etc are utilized to generate a final depth map. From an image and the depth map, left and right images are constructed. In the experiment, the proposed method is performed on a medical image such as CT (Computed Tomograpy). The stereoscopic image displayed on a 3D monitor shows a satisfactory performance.
Hall Thrusters Operating in Pulsed Mode (2001)

Our 200 W Hall thruster, designated BHT-200, was pulsed nearly 500,000 times delivering precisely controllable, repetitive impulse bits of arbitrary magnitude starting as low as sub mNsec. This was achieved without significant loss of efficiency and a moderate loss of specific impulse due to xenon flow timing. The thruster was driven by both a PPU and by discharging a capacitor in the so called direct drive pioneered by others. This demonstration opens a new field of applicability for the tandem style and possibly other Hall thrusters that was previously reserved to PPTs and cold gas thrusters. This includes attitude control and primary propulsion for microspacecraft that lack sufficient power for continuous operation at 200 W. For spacecraft with sufficient power on board, the same Hall thruster can be used for both primary and ACS propulsion.
Architecture-Level Soft Error Analysis: Examining the Limits of Common Assumptions (2007)

This paper concerns the validity of a widely used method for estimating the architecture-level mean time to failure ( <i xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">MTTF</i> ) due to soft errors. The method first calculates the failure rate for an architecture-level component as the product of its raw error rate and an architecture vulnerability factor ( <i xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">AVF</i> ). Next, the method calculates the system failure rate as the sum of the failure rates ( <i xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">SOFR</i> ) of all components, and the system <i xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">MTTF</i> as the reciprocal of this failure rate. Both steps make significant assumptions. We investigate the validity of the <i xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">AVF+SOFR</i> method across a large design space, using both mathematical and experimental techniques with real program traces from <i xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">SPEC</i> 2000 benchmarks and synthesized traces to simulate longer real-world workloads. We show that <i xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">AVF+SOFR</i> is valid for most of the realistic cases under current raw error rates. However, for some realistic combinations of large systems, long-running workloads with large phases, and/or large raw error rates, the <i xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">MTTF</i> calculated using <i xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">AVF+SOFR</i> shows significant-discrepancies from that using first principles. We also show that SoftArch, a previously proposed alternative method that does not make the <i xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">AVF+SOFR</i> assumptions, does not exhibit the above discrepancies.
Two-Dimensional Real-time Ultrasound Technique to Control Lesion Size during HIFU Therapy (2010)

Views Icon Views Article contents Figures & tables Video Audio Supplementary Data Peer Review Share Icon Share Twitter Facebook Reddit LinkedIn Tools Icon Tools Reprints and Permissions Cite Icon Cite Search Site Citation Ajay Anand, John Petruzzello, Shiwei Zhou, Shriram Sethuraman, Jose Azevedo; Two‐Dimensional Real‐time Ultrasound Technique to Control Lesion Size during HIFU Therapy. AIP Conf. Proc. 9 March 2010; 1215 (1): 79–82. https://doi.org/10.1063/1.3367201 Download citation file: Ris (Zotero) Reference Manager EasyBib Bookends Mendeley Papers EndNote RefWorks BibTex toolbar search Search Dropdown Menu toolbar search search input Search input auto suggest filter your search All ContentAIP Publishing PortfolioAIP Conference Proceedings Search Advanced Search |Citation Search
Polarimetric fiber laser sensor for hydrostatic pressure (2004)

A polarimetric Fabry-Perot fiber laser sensor for fluid pressure up to 100 MPa is investigated. The fluid acts on one of two elliptical-core fiber sections in the laser cavity, producing a shift in the differential phase of the two orthogonal polarization modes and thus a variation in the beat frequencies of the corresponding longitudinal laser modes. The second fiber section, with a 90 degrees offset in the core orientation, compensates for temperature-induced phase shifts. The dispersion in the birefringent fiber Bragg grating reflectors is employed to remove the near degeneracy of the polarization mode beat frequencies of a given order and to improve substantially the resolution of the sensor to a few parts in 10(6) of the free spectral range. Further investigations address the effect of the fluid on the integrity of the fiber, the influence of various fiber coatings on the sensor response, and the intrinsic stability of erbium-doped and undoped sensing fibers under fluid pressure.
Optical System Design for Noncontact, Normal Incidence, THz Imaging of in vivo Human Cornea (2017)

Reflection mode Terahertz (THz) imaging of corneal tissue water content (CTWC) is a proposed method for early, accurate detection and study of corneal diseases. Despite promising results from <i>ex vivo</i> and <i>in vivo</i> cornea studies, interpretation of the reflectivity data is confounded by the contact between corneal tissue and dielectric windows used to flatten the imaging field. Herein, we present an optical design for non-contact THz imaging of cornea. A beam scanning methodology performs angular, normal incidence sweeps of a focused beam over the corneal surface while keeping the source, detector, and patient stationary. A quasioptical analysis method is developed to analyze the theoretical resolution and imaging field intensity profile. These results are compared to the electric field distribution computed with a physical optics analysis code. Imaging experiments validate the optical theories behind the design and suggest that quasioptical methods are sufficient for designing of THz corneal imaging systems. Successful imaging operations support the feasibility of non-contact <i>in vivo</i> imaging. We believe that this optical system design will enable the first, clinically relevant, <i>in vivo</i> exploration of CTWC using THz technology.
An investigation of the detrimental impact of trapped air in thermoplastic micro-embossing (2010)

In hot micro-embossing, a thermally softened polymer is forced into the cavities of a patterned stamp. If embossing is performed in normal atmospheric surroundings, it is possible for air to become trapped inside the cavities of the stamp, impeding pattern replication. We present a fast simulation technique that captures the impact of trapped air in the micro-embossing process. The technique can predict the extent of stamp cavity filling for any given stamp design and linear viscoelastic polymer properties, under the assumption that air, once trapped inside a cavity, is unable to escape. We find that the smaller the effective stiffness of the softened polymer relative to the surrounding atmospheric pressure, the more severe the impact of trapped air. Moreover, the trapping of air becomes more detrimental as the widths of stamp cavities become a larger proportion of their lateral spacing. The results of embossing experiments with two widely used thermoplastic polymers, Zeonor 1060R and polymethylmethacrylate, agree with simulation results and indicate that there is little permeation of trapped air in these materials during a typical embossing process of up to 15 min duration, carried out at between 5 and 45 °C above their glass-transition temperatures.
A Novel Tone Mapping Method for Image Contrast Enhancement (2007)

Contrast enhancement is probably one of the most important image processing technique due to its high impact on the image visual quality. There is very often encountered in practice that the captured image suffers from limited contrast due to various reasons. In such cases the visibility of the details from the captured scene is reduced. Among many proposed methods for image contrast enhancement the tone mapping approaches based on the image histogram are probably the most known due to their simplicity of implementation. In this paper we propose a novel histogram based method for image contrast enhancement. We present experimental results, performed on color images, to show the benefits of our approach compared with other existing implementations.
The path-status graph with application to delay fault simulation (1998)

We present an efficient path-delay fault (PDF) simulator that does not involve the enumeration of paths. Our method calculates the exact fault coverage, and identifies all tested faults in any circuit with a large number of paths. We present a new data structure, called the path-status graph (PSG), to efficiently hold the status of each PDF in the circuit, i.e., whether or not the PDF is tested. The keg to this efficiency is in breaking the information into pieces and distributing it over the data structure, and in retaining all or part of the reconverging fan-out structure of the circuit in the PSG. Thus, an exponential number of PDF's can share the same piece of information. Using 1000 random tests, we simulated all of the approximately 10/sup 20/ PDF's in the circuit c6288, and determined that 4.4 billion faults were detected. This number is larger by over three orders of magnitude compared to what was possible with previously reported methods.
Detection of Impulse Line Blockage with Multi-sensing Differential Pressure Transmitter at Oil Line (2008)

Differential pressure transmitter with an orifice is widely used as a major field flowmeter. Most of the trouble of this flowmeter on the operation site is blockage of impulse line, which connects an orifice tap with a differential pressure transmitter. In this paper, firstly, the relation between the pressure fluctuation in the impulse line to oil flow and kinetic viscosity (1.0x10-5 to 3.0 x 10-5 [m2/s]) is investigated as well as the relation between the pressure fluctuation and operating condition. Then, our method of the impulse line blockage developed through experiments in a water line is applied to an oil line. The effectiveness of our detection method with multi-sensing differential pressure transmitter to the oil line is shown. As a result, following facts are clarified : 1) High viscous fluid contained in impulse line does not reduce each pressure fluctuation at the differential pressure transmitter. 2) High viscous flow has small pressure fluctuation, however, this fluctuation has the same characteristics of impulse line blockage as that in a water line. Therefore, our method can detect impulse line blockage at any operating points in high viscous fluid line as well as in a water line.
A General and Mild Palladium‐Catalyzed Domino Reaction for the Synthesis of 2<i>H‐</i>Indazoles (2009)

Praktisch und sehr nützlich ist die Reaktion einfach zugänglicher (2-Chlorphenyl)acetylen- und Hydrazinsubstrate, die in wenigen Stunden unter sehr milden Reaktionsbedingungen zu substituierten 2H-Indazolen führt (siehe Schema; DMF=N,N-Dimethylformamid). Die katalysierte Dominosequenz umfasst eine regioselektive Kupplung mit anschließender intramolekularer Hydroaminierung und Isomerisierung der gebildeten exocyclischen Bindung. Detailed facts of importance to specialist readers are published as "Supporting Information". Such documents are peer-reviewed, but not copy-edited or typeset. They are made available as submitted by the authors. Please note: The publisher is not responsible for the content or functionality of any supporting information supplied by the authors. Any queries (other than missing content) should be directed to the corresponding author for the article.
Salivary Gland Thrombostasin Isoforms Differentially Regulate Blood Uptake of Horn Flies Fed on Control- and Thrombostasin-Vaccinated Cattle (2010)

Abstract Thrombostasin (TS) is an anticlotting protein found in saliva of Haematobia irritans (horn flies). The polymorphic nature of the ts gene was first associated with success of horn flies blood feeding on a laboratory host, New Zealand White rabbits. In this study, we report results of similar studies testing blood uptake of horn flies feeding on a natural host, cattle. These studies confirmed the association of ts genotype with blood uptake of horn flies and showed that it was host species specific. In contrast to rabbits, blood uptake volumes of homozygous ts10 horn flies were lower than those of other ts genotypes when fed on control (ovalbumin-vaccinated) cattle. Cattle vaccinated with recombinant protein isoforms, rTS9 or rTB8, resisted horn fly feeding by yielding lower blood volumes compared with flies feeding on control cattle. The specific impact of vaccination, however, varied by ts genotype of flies. Cattle vaccinated with isoform rTS9 resisted flies of ts2, ts9, and tb8 genotype. Vaccination with isoform rTB8 produced resistance to ts8, ts9, and tb8 genotype flies. Horn flies of genotype ts10 were not affected by vaccination with either TS isoform and fed as well on rTS9- and rTB8-vaccinated as on control-vaccinated cattle. These experimental results confirm the efficacy of vaccines targeting horn fly salivary proteins and provide new insight into the dynamics of horn fly-cattle interactions in nature.
A noise-driven effective capacitance method with fast embedded noise rule calculation for functional noise analysis (2005)

We present a noise-driven effective capacitance method for estimating the combined propagation noise and crosstalk noise. Gate propagation noise rules are efficiently calculated inside the Ceff procedure to determine a linear Thevenin model of the victim driver. A voltage-dependent current source model [2, 6] of the driver, along with a load capacitor is analyzed to generate the gate output waveform, from which noise rules are directly extracted. This method removes potential errors introduced in traditional look-up table or fitted-equation based noise rules. The linear driver Thevenin model can then be employed to analyze the propagation noise, while the same Thevenin resistance can be used to analyze the crosstalk noise. The combined coupling and propagation noise can then be estimated using superposition. In this work, we extend the popular timing-driven effective capacitance method into the noise domain. Similar to the effective capacitance method in timing analysis, this technique can successfully separate the nonlinear driver analysis from the linear interconnect analysis. In addition, the linear driver model can significantly ease the task of finding the worst-case peak alignment among all the victim and aggressor noise sources. Experimental results on both RC and RLC nets from industry designs show both accuracy and efficiency compared to SPICE results.
Temporal Sequence Object-based CNN (TS-OCNN) for crop classification from fine resolution remote sensing image time-series (2022)

Accurate crop distribution mapping is required for crop yield prediction and field management. Due to rapid progress in remote sensing technology, fine spatial resolution (FSR) remotely sensed imagery now offers great opportunities for mapping crop types in great detail. However, within-class variance can hamper attempts to discriminate crop classes at fine resolutions. Multi-temporal FSR remotely sensed imagery provides a means of increasing crop classification from FSR imagery, although current methods do not exploit the available information fully. In this research, a novel Temporal Sequence Object-based Convolutional Neural Network (TS-OCNN) was proposed to classify agricultural crop type from FSR image time-series. An object-based CNN (OCNN) model was adopted in the TS-OCNN to classify images at the object level (i.e., segmented objects or crop parcels), thus, maintaining the precise boundary information of crop parcels. The combination of image time-series was first utilized as the input to the OCNN model to produce an ‘original’ or baseline classification. Then the single-date images were fed automatically into the deep learning model scene-by-scene in order of image acquisition date to increase successively the crop classification accuracy. By doing so, the joint information in the FSR multi-temporal observations and the unique individual information from the single-date images were exploited comprehensively for crop classification. The effectiveness of the proposed approach was investigated using multitemporal SAR and optical imagery, respectively, over two heterogeneous agricultural areas. The experimental results demonstrated that the newly proposed TS-OCNN approach consistently increased crop classification accuracy, and achieved the greatest accuracies (82.68% and 87.40%) in comparison with state-of-the-art benchmark methods, including the object-based CNN (OCNN) (81.63% and 85.88%), object-based image analysis (OBIA) (78.21% and 84.83%), and standard pixel-wise CNN (79.18% and 82.90%). The proposed approach is the first known attempt to explore simultaneously the joint information from image time-series with the unique information from single-date images for crop classification using a deep learning framework. The TS-OCNN, therefore, represents a new approach for agricultural landscape classification from multi-temporal FSR imagery. Besides, it is readily generalizable to other landscapes (e.g., forest landscapes), with a wide application prospect.
Identification and initial characterization of spore-like cells in adult mammals (2000)

We describe the identification and initial characterization of a novel cell type that seems to be present in all tissues. To date we have isolated what we term "spore-like cells" based on the characteristics described below. They are extremely small, in the range of less than 5 microm, and appear to lie dormant and to be dispersed throughout the parenchyma of virtually every tissue in the body. Being dormant, they survive in extremely low oxygen environments, as evidenced by their viability in tissues (even in metabolically very active tissues such as the brain or spinal cord) for several days after sacrifice of an animal without delivery of oxygen or nutrients. The spore-like cells described in this report have an exceptional ability to survive in hostile conditions, known to be detrimental to mammalian cells, including extremes of temperature. Spore-like cells remain viable in unprepared tissue, frozen at -86 degrees C (using no special preservation techniques) and then thawed, or heated to 85 degrees C for more than 30 min. Preliminary characterization of these cells utilizing basic and special stains, as well as scanning and transmission electron microscopy reveal very small undifferentiated cells, which contain predominantly nucleus within a small amount of cytoplasm and a few mitochondria. Focal periodic acid-Schiff and mucicarmine stains suggest a coating of glycolipid and mucopolysaccharide. In vitro, these structures have the capacity to enlarge, develop, and differentiate into cell types expressing characteristics appropriate to the tissue environment from which they were initially isolated. We believe that these unique cells lie dormant until activated by injury or disease, and that they have the potential to regenerate tissues lost to disease or damage.
Structure and Piezoelectric Properties Near the Bismuth Scandium Oxide–Lead Zirconate–Lead Titanate Ternary Morphotropic Phase Boundary (2010)

Ternary phase diagram of BiScO 3 (BS), PbZrO 3 (PZ), and PbTiO 3 (PT) was explored for identification of high‐performance piezoelectrics for actuator applications. The ternary morphotropic phase boundary (MPB) connecting the binary MPBs of BS–PT (45/65) and PZ–PT (52/48) was determined using X‐ray diffraction (XRD). High‐temperature XRD and dielectric measurements were used to determine the phase transformation temperatures. Curie temperature ( T C ) had a near linear dependence on composition, rate of which is determined for each component of the ternary independently. Specimens on the tetragonal side of the MPB exhibited lower high field resistivity and proper poling was not possible. Specimens on the rhombohedral side were superior with saturated hysteresis loops and piezoelectric coefficient ( d 33 )>400 pm/V. Unlike phase transformation temperatures, the proximity to MPB was more dominant than the compositional effects in determining electrical and electromechanical properties, which maximized for the compositions closest to the MPB. Both weak‐ and high field properties are reported as a function of temperature.
Slm Inducd Phase Distortion And Its Effect On Optical Correlation (1987)

A spatial light modulator (SLM) operating as an amplitude modulating input element in a coherent optical correlator introduces a certain amount of phase shift at each pixel. We examine the effect this has on the overall quality of the correlation signal, defined in terms of SNR and correlation peak full-width-half-maxi-mum (FWHM) response. An interesting and unexpected effect is found, namely that if the attendant phase distortion is properly incorpored into the reference function, it can greatly enhance the correlation signal.