gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Energy-Based Adaptive Focusing of waves: Application to Ultrasonic Transcranial Therapy (2009)

We propose a general concept of adaptive focusing through complex media based on the estimation or measurement of the wave energy density at the desired focal spot. As it does not require the knowledge of phase information, this technique has many potential applications in acoustics and optics for light focusing through diffusive media. We present here the application of this technique to the problem of ultrasonic aberration correction for HIFU treatments. The estimation of wave energy density is based on the maximization of the ultrasound radiation force, using a multi‐elements (64) array. A spatial coded excitation method is developed by using ad‐hoc virtual transducers that include all the elements for each emission. The radiation force is maximized by optimizing the displacement of a small target at the focus. We measured the target displacement using ultrasound pulse echo on the same elements. A method using spatial coded excitation is developed in order to estimate the phase and amplitude aberration based on the target displacement. We validated this method using phase aberration up to 2π. The phase correction is achieved and the pressure field is measured using a needle hydrophone. The acoustic intensity at the focus is restored through very large aberrations. Basic experiments for brain HIFU treatment are presented. Optimal transcranial adaptive focusing is performed using a limited number of short ultrasonic radiation force pushes.
Varying anatomical injection points within the thoracic paravertebral space: effect on spread of solution and nerve blockade (2004)

The factors responsible for the spreading pattern of a single paravertebral injection are still uncertain. In this study, 28 patients were randomly assigned to receive a paravertebral injection of radio-opaque dye (10 ml, with or without co-administration of 20 ml of local anaesthetics) either dorsal or ventral to the endothoracic fascia. The point of injection was determined by use of a nerve-stimulator and the radiographic distribution pattern was assessed blindly by a radiologist. Injections made in the more ventral part of the thoracic paravertebral space, supposedly anterior to the endothoracic fascia, resulted in a multisegmental longitudinal spreading pattern, whereas injections made dorsal to the endothoracic fascia resulted in a less predictable cloud-like spreading pattern, with only limited distribution over adjacent segments. The use of a nerve stimulator-guided technique appears to enhance the likelihood of achieving the more desirable longitudinal spreading pattern.
Common UNIX printing system (2002)

Preface. 1: Using CUPS. 1. Introduction to CUPS. 2. Compiling and Installing CUPS. 3. Setting Up Printers and Classes. 4. Printing with CUPS. 5. Server Configuration. 6. Client Configuration. 2: The Internet Printing Protocol. 7. Overview of IPP. 8. Anatomy of an IPP Request. 9. Printer Objects. 10. Job Objects. 11. Subscription Objects. 12. CUPS Extensions to IPP. 3: Programming with CUPS. 13. Overview of CUPS Programming. 14. Using CUPS API Functions. 15. Sending IPP Requests Using CUPS. 16. Writing File Filters for CUPS. 17. Writing Printer Drivers for CUPS. 18. Writing Backends for CUPS. 19. Writing Notifiers for CUPS. 4: Appendixes. Appendix A. IPP Reference. Appendix B. CUPS Constants. Appendix C. CUPS Structures. Appendix D. CUPS Functions. Appendix E. CUPS Software License Agreement.
Dynamic pressure method for <i>k</i><sub>l</sub><i>a</i> measurement in large‐scale bioreactors (1989)

Abstract A dynamic method is proposed for k l a measurement in aerated and agitated reactors, in which a change in the total pressure in the reactor by approximately 20% leads to a simultaneous change in the oxygen concentration in all the bubbles in the dispersion. This procedure suppresses the influence of nonideal mixing of the gas phase on the k l a value. Other dynamic methods so far used do not possess this advantage. They are based on a step change in oxygen concentration in the entering gas, where the interfacial nitrogen transport and the finite rate of the concentration change propagation into the individual bubbles in the dispersion can cause an error in the reported k l a values of more than hundreds of percent. The reliability of the pressure method is tested by comparison both with the standard dynamic method, in which pure oxygen is absorbed in a liquid from which all other gas components were previously removed, and with the steady‐state sulphite method. The signal of the oxygen probe used in the experiments must be independent of the pressure. A test for this in dependence is described. The pressure method is also suitable for large‐scale reactors since the necessary pressure changes are sufficiently small and, morever, air can be used.
UK Biobank's cardiovascular magnetic resonance protocol (2016)

This report will serve as a reference to researchers intending to use the UK Biobank resource or to replicate the UK Biobank cardiovascular magnetic resonance protocol in different settings.
Asymmetric Hydrogenation of Alkenyl, Cyclopropyl, and Aryl Ketones. RuCl<sub>2</sub>(xylbinap)(1,2-diamine) as a Precatalyst Exhibiting a Wide Scope (1998)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVCommunicationNEXTAsymmetric Hydrogenation of Alkenyl, Cyclopropyl, and Aryl Ketones. RuCl2(xylbinap)(1,2-diamine) as a Precatalyst Exhibiting a Wide ScopeTakeshi Ohkuma, Masatoshi Koizumi, Henri Doucet, Trang Pham, Masami Kozawa, Kunihiko Murata, Eiji Katayama, Tohru Yokozawa, Takao Ikariya, and Ryoji NoyoriView Author Information Department of Chemistry and Research Center for Materials Science, Nagoya University Chikusa, Nagoya 464-8602, Japan ERATO Molecular Catalysis Project Japan Science and Technology Corporation 1247 Yachigusa, Yakusa-cho, Toyota 470-0392, Japan Cite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1998, 120, 51, 13529–13530Publication Date (Web):December 10, 1998Publication History Received14 September 1998Published online10 December 1998Published inissue 1 December 1998https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja983257uhttps://doi.org/10.1021/ja983257urapid-communicationACS PublicationsCopyright © 1998 American Chemical SocietyRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views7365Altmetric-Citations368LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (1)»Supporting Information Supporting Information SUBJECTS:Catalysts,Chromatography,Hydrogenation,Ketones,Stereoselectivity Get e-Alerts
Dantrolene Dose Response in Awake Man (1983)

Dantrolene sodium was administered intravenously to 12 adult volunteers to assess muscular and cardiopulmonary response. Pharmacokinetic results were obtained from whole blood drug concentration. Indirectly evoked thumb adduction was quantitated. Handgrip strength and subjective weakness score (10 e
Fully tunable UWB pulse generator with zero DC power consumption (2009)

The design of a fully tunable pulse generator using only logic cells is presented and simulated with 0.13 mum standard CMOS process. The generator is based on the elementary pulse combination and can synthesize different UWB pulse shapes. The generator uses logic gates to achieve the elementary pulses and a H-bridge to make the combination which leads to a zero DC power consumption. To achieve FCC compliant pulse having 2 V <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">PP</sub> magnitude the generator consumes 140 pJ by pulse using 1.2 V supply voltage.
Direct thrombin inhibition during percutaneous coronary intervention in patients with heparin-induced thrombocytopenia (2006)

Patients with or at risk of heparin-induced thrombocytopenia (HIT) who are undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) are at particular risk of thrombosis due to the prothrombotic nature of HIT and the endovascular disruption from PCI. Patients require aggressive anticoagulation during PCI, and alternative, nonheparin anticoagulation is recommended over heparin in patients with acute or previous HIT. Argatroban, bivalirudin, and lepirudin are nonheparin, fast-acting, parenteral direct thrombin inhibitors (DTIs). Multicenter, prospective studies have demonstrated that argatroban and lepirudin each reduce thrombosis in HIT and that argatroban and bivalirudin each provide adequate anticoagulation during PCI in patients with or at risk of HIT. We review current therapeutic practices with direct thrombin inhibitors in patients with or at risk of HIT during PCI, including individuals requiring periprocedural anticoagulation, and the factors influencing the choice of DTI in this setting.
Self-assembling sensors for printable machines (2014)

Self-assembled structures and machines can be made using origami-inspired manufacturing methods. In particular, self-folding of two-dimensional materials using shape memory polymers and embedded electrical circuits has been utilized to build robots and structures in an inexpensive and rapid manner. In order to build increasingly complex and functional self-folding machines, however, methods for interaction with the environment are necessary. This paper presents and characterizes three types of self-folding sensors: a mechanical switch, a capacitive contact sensor, and a velocity sensor. We utilize specialized fold patterns to create cyclic mechanical linkages as well as additional composite layers such as magnetic sheets to build these sensors. We demonstrate the integration of two of these sensors, the switch and the contact sensor, into a lamp that can self-fold and immediately begin responding to its surroundings.
Phase-Locked Transparent Tone-in-Band (TTIB): A New Spectrum Configuration Particularly Suited to the Transmission of Data Over SSB Mobile Radio Networks (1984)

The paper describes a new pilot tone SSB configuration, transparent tone-in-band (TTIB), which may be used in mobile radio systems from low-band VHF to microwave frequencies. By utilizing audio signal processing techniques in the transmitter and receiver, the pilot reference tone may be positioned centrally within the RF channel bandwidth without losing the property of data transparency and also retains the many system advantages of tone-in-band SSB over the pilot carrier and tone-above-band schemes. Besides speech transmissions, results are presented for noncoherent FSK and DPSK data formats under white noise and Rayleigh fading conditions. Finally, a new technique utilizing TTIB is suggested to facilitate the use of coherent data systems.
A High Memory Bandwidth FPGA Accelerator for Sparse Matrix-Vector Multiplication (2014)

Sparse matrix-vector multiplication (SMVM) is a crucial primitive used in a variety of scientific and commercial applications. Despite having significant parallelism, SMVM is a challenging kernel to optimize due to its irregular memory access characteristics. Numerous studies have proposed the use of FPGAs to accelerate SMVM implementations. However, most prior approaches focus on parallelizing multiply-accumulate operations within a single row of the matrix (which limits parallelism if rows are small) and/or make inefficient uses of the memory system when fetching matrix and vector elements. In this paper, we introduce an FPGA-optimized SMVM architecture and a novel sparse matrix encoding that explicitly exposes parallelism across rows, while keeping the hardware complexity and on-chip memory usage low. This system compares favorably with prior FPGA SMVM implementations. For the over 700 University of Florida sparse matrices we evaluated, it also performs within about two thirds of CPU SMVM performance on average, even though it has 2.4x lower DRAM memory bandwidth, and within almost one third of GPU SVMV performance on average, even at 9x lower memory bandwidth. Additionally, it consumes only 25W, for power efficiencies 2.6x and 2.3x higher than CPU and GPU, respectively, based on maximum device power.
Additive-Free Superfilling in Damascene Cu Electrodeposition Using Microcontact Printing (2004)

To avoid complications brought about by employing organic additives, microcontact printing using a flat stamp was used in\nforming trench-selective Cu superfilling on damascene structure. Self-assembled monolayers of 1-decanethiol transferred on top\nsurface of the trench could withstand the H2SO4 electrolyte and were used as a barrier for current transfer below a certain potential\nthat was not yet dominated by the tunneling current. Subsequent electrodeposition on the printing area was successfully inhibited.\nThe resulting filling profile was a defect-free superfilling with bumps on top. This is comparable to the three-additive system\nconsisting of accelerator and two-component suppressor.
Tierschutz spaltet Europa (2022)

Die 'agrarzeitung' ist das führende Wirtschaftsmedium für alle meinungsbildenden Akteure im Agribusiness: Sie erreicht wöchentlich die Betriebsleiter professioneller Landwirtschaftsbetriebe sowie die Multiplikatoren in Handel und Beratung.
Expression of integrins during liver organogenesis in humans (1998)

Integrins play a pivotal role in organogenesis, by mediating the interactions between differentiating cells and the extracellular matrix. We analyzed the expression of integrins and their ligands during human liver organogenesis. The expression of beta1, beta3, and beta4 integrins and the distribution of several extracellular matrix proteins were studied by immunoperoxidase in fetal liver samples from 5 to 40 weeks' gestation. Hepatoblasts expressed only the beta1, alpha1, alpha5, alpha6, and alpha9 integrin chains. Fetal hepatocytes, emerging at the 8th week of gestation, initially retained the same combination of integrins, but presented a progressive decrease in their expression levels. After 15 weeks' gestation, the expression levels of beta1, alpha1, alpha5, and alpha9 reached levels comparable to those observed in the adult state. Alpha6 expression became undetectable after 30 weeks' gestation. As compared to hepatoblasts, intrahepatic biliary epithelial cells, differentiating at the 8th week of gestation in the ductal plate, were characterized by the progressive loss of alpha1, the marked induction of alpha6, and the de novo acquisition of the beta4, alpha2, and alpha3 integrin chains. The disappearance of integrin receptors for laminin on hepatocytes was associated with the rarefaction of laminin in the perisinusoidal matrix, whereas their induction on biliary epithelial cells was associated with laminin deposition at the point of contact with the ductal plate. In conclusion, integrins likely play an important role in the differentiation of the epithelial and endothelial cell populations of the liver.
ECG data compression using wavelets and higher order statistics methods (2001)

This paper evaluates the compression performance and characteristics of two wavelet coding compression schemes of electrocardiogram (ECG) signals suitable for real-time telemedical applications. The two proposed methods, namely the optimal zonal wavelet coding (OZWC) method and the wavelet transform higher order statistics-based coding (WHOSC) method, are used to assess the ECG compression issues. The WHOSC method employs higher order statistics (HOS) and uses multirate processing with the autoregressive HOS model technique to provide increasing robustness to the coding scheme. The OZWC algorithm used is based on the optimal wavelet-based zonal coding method developed for the class of discrete "Lipschitizian" signals. Both methodologies were evaluated using the normalized rms error (NRMSE) and the average compression ratio (CR) and bits per sample criteria, applied on abnormal clinical ECG data samples selected from the MIT-BIH database and the Creighton University Cardiac Center database. Simulation results illustrate that both methods can contribute to and enhance the medical data compression performance suitable for a hybrid mobile telemedical system that integrates these algorithmic approaches for real-time ECG data transmission scenarios with high CRs and low NRMSE ratios, especially in low bandwidth mobile systems.
A Second Generation Force Field for the Simulation of Proteins, Nucleic Acids, and Organic Molecules <i>J</i>. <i>Am</i>. <i>Chem</i>. <i>Soc</i>. <b>1995</b>, <i>117</i>, 5179−5197 (1996)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVAddition/CorrectionNEXTA Second Generation Force Field for the Simulation of Proteins, Nucleic Acids, and Organic Molecules J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1995, 117, 5179−5197Wendy D. Cornell, Piotr Cieplak, Christopher I. Bayly, Ian R. Gould, Kenneth M. Merz, David M. Ferguson, David C. Spellmeyer, Thomas Fox, James W. Caldwell, and Peter A. KollmanCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1996, 118, 9, 2309Publication Date (Web):March 6, 1996Publication History Published online6 March 1996Published inissue 1 January 1996https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja955032ehttps://doi.org/10.1021/ja955032ecorrectionACS PublicationsCopyright © 1996 American Chemical Society. This publication is available under these Terms of Use. Request reuse permissions This publication is free to access through this site. Learn MoreArticle Views9506Altmetric-Citations400LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail PDF (27 KB) Get e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
VFT maintenance and operating performance (2008)

A Variable Frequency Transformer (VFT) has been in full commercial operation on the Hydro-Quebec TransEnergie system since December of 2004. The VFT is an interconnection device that is based on widely established technology. However, because the application of some equipment is unique, the maintenance requirements associated with VFT operation and ownership have become an item of interest. This paper provides information on the maintenance program that is being utilized at the Hydro-Quebec Langlois VFT installation. This represents the expected maintenance requirements for a typical VFT installation and is meant to provide a guideline for comparison of maintenance requirements for other interconnection technologies. This paper also discusses the availability performance of the first VFT installation and how it has been calculated for the Hydro-Quebec TransEnergie installation. The information presented in this paper reveals that the VFT is a simple and reliable interconnection device and does not require an extensive maintenance program. The availability performance of the VFT has been very good. The VFT should be considered a viable option for an interconnection device from a maintenance or reliability standpoint.
Evolutionary conservation of Ebola virus proteins predicts important functions at residue level (2016)

Abstract Motivation The recent outbreak of Ebola virus disease (EVD) resulted in a large number of human deaths. Due to this devastation, the Ebola virus has attracted renewed interest as model for virus evolution. Recent literature on Ebola virus (EBOV) has contributed substantially to our understanding of the underlying genetics and its scope with reference to the 2014 outbreak. But no study yet, has focused on the conservation patterns of EBOV proteins. Results We analyzed the evolution of functional regions of EBOV and highlight the function of conserved residues in protein activities. We apply an array of computational tools to dissect the functions of EBOV proteins in detail: (i) protein sequence conservation, (ii) protein–protein interactome analysis, (iii) structural modeling and (iv) kinase prediction. Our results suggest the presence of novel post-translational modifications in EBOV proteins and their role in the modulation of protein functions and protein interactions. Moreover, on the basis of the presence of ATM recognition motifs in all EBOV proteins we postulate a role of DNA damage response pathways and ATM kinase in EVD. The ATM kinase is put forward, for further evaluation, as novel potential therapeutic target. Availability and Implementation http://www.biw.kuleuven.be/CSB/EBOV-PTMs Supplementary information Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
Experimental induction of feline viral rhinotracheitis virus re-excretion in FVR-recovered cats (1977)

The re-excretion of feline viral rhinotracheitis (FVR) virus (feline herpesvirus I) by FVR-recovered cats is recorded both spontaneously and following a variety of stimuli, namely, corticosteroid administration, change of housing, and parturition and lactation. At least 27 of 33 (82%) FVR-recovered cats studied were shown to be viral carriers. The carrier state was characterised by periods of viral latency interspersed with episodes of viral shedding. Administration of 0-75 mg dexamethasone trimethylacetate and 2-25 mg prednisolone on days 0,2 and 4 resulted in re-excretion after a mean lag period of 7-2 days in 22 of 32 (69%) FVR-recovered cats on a total of 31 of 57 (54%) occasions. Rehousing resulted in virus re-excretion after a mean lag period of 7-2 days in four of 22 (18%) cats tested on a total of six of 40 (15%) occasions. Apparently spontaneous shedding occurred on a total of 10 occasions in nine of 31 (29%) cats during a mean observation period of 8-8 months. Four of six FVR-recovered queens in a total of four of 10 litters (40%) shed virus within two to 10 weeks of parturition. Serum neutralising antibody titres were generally boosted at the time of first re-infection but afterwards remained essentially constant. Although 82% of cats in these studies were shown to be viral carriers, only 45% of cats shed virus spontaneously or as a result of the natural stress situations and it is postulted that these naturally excreting cats are of most significance epidemiologically.