gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Novel Modified β-Interferons: Gene Cloning, Expression, and Biological Activity in Bacterial Extracts (1986)

A series of novel, modified interferons based on the structure of human beta-interferon have been expressed in Escherichia coli. Modified interferon genes were constructed from sequences derived from the natural beta-interferon gene, a synthetic beta-interferon gene, or a specific combination of the two. A total of 23 out of the 25 novel interferons exhibited antiviral (AV) and antiproliferative (AP) activity which varied from 3 to 230% and 8 to 490% of the values for beta-interferon, respectively. None of the novel interferons had only AV or AP activity, although one had a much reduced ratio of AV/AP activity compared with beta-interferon. Substitution of beta-interferon amino acids 2-7 or 28-46 resulted in interferons with significantly increased AP activity on Daudi lymphoblastoid cells (four- to fivefold). All the novel interferons except two with modifications in the 82-105 region reacted with a neutralizing beta-interferon monoclonal antibody.
A 4D DCT-Based Lenslet Light Field Codec (2018)

Light fields aim to represent visual information in 3D space. They are 4D structures that contain the images of a given scene from a sampled 2D range of viewpoints. When acquired using a lenslet camera, in addition to the ordinary intra-view redundancy, these views have a great deal of inter-view redundancy. In this work we propose a light field codec that fully exploits the 4D redundancy of light fields by using a 4D transform and hexadeca-trees. It initially divides the light field into 4D blocks and computes a 4D Discrete Cosine Transform of each one. Then the transform coefficients of the 4D block are grouped using hexadeca-trees on a bitplane-by-bitplane basis, and the generated stream is encoded using an adaptive arithmetic coder. The proposed codec has been employed to encode the JPEG Pleno lenslet light fields. The rate-distortion results have been assessed using test conditions comparable to the ones presented at the ICIP 2017 Light Field Coding Grand Challenge. The proposed codec, despite being conceptually simple, achieves competitive rate-distortion performance.
Coordinative alignment of molecules in chiral metal-organic frameworks (2016)

A chiral metal-organic framework, MOF-520, was used to coordinatively bind and align molecules of varying size, complexity, and functionality. The reduced motional degrees of freedom obtained with this coordinative alignment method allowed the structures of molecules to be determined by single-crystal x-ray diffraction techniques. The chirality of the MOF backbone also served as a reference in the structure solution for an unambiguous assignment of the absolute configuration of bound molecules. Sixteen molecules representing four common functional groups (primary alcohol, phenol, vicinal diol, and carboxylic acid), ranging in complexity from methanol to plant hormones (gibberellins, containing eight stereocenters), were crystallized and had their precise structure determined. We distinguished single and double bonds in gibberellins, and we enantioselectively crystallized racemic jasmonic acid, whose absolute configuration had only been inferred from derivatives.
Eye gaze for understanding conversational speech (2014)

Eye gaze is a useful indication of attention and, as such, can be a valuable feature to improve spoken-language understanding in human-computer interaction. Based on the hypothesis that users look at a link before selecting it, we investigate the use of novel eye-gaze features to improve link click event prediction. Our data comprises users performing a variety of online tasks such as form filling and web browsing, and we show significant performance improvement by incorporating the use of gaze features. In addition, our analysis shows that there is much user-specific variation in gaze, so we are also looking to improve the modeling of gaze by user- and task-specific adaptation.
Reliability modelling for rotorcraft component fatigue life prediction with assumed usage (2016)

ABSTRACT Fatigue life is a random variable. Thus, the reliability of a conservative fatigue life prediction for a component in the helicopter dynamic system needs to be substantiated. A standard analytical substantiation method uses averaged manoeuvre loads instead of seeing manoeuvre loads as a random variable whose distribution is estimated with limited precision. This simplification may lead to inaccuracies. A new simulation-based method is developed to conservatively predict fatigue life, while also accounting for the full random distribution and uncertainty of manoeuvre loads. Both methods fully account for uncertain fatigue strength but assume that the mission profile is known or can at least be conservatively estimated. Simulations under synthetic but realistic engineering conditions demonstrate that both methods may be used for accurate substantiation of conservative fatigue life predictions. The simulations also demonstrate that, under the tested conditions, uncertainties from manoeuvre loads may be neglected in fatigue life substantiations as the resulting error is not significant with respect to uncertainties in component fatigue strength.
Identification of Novel Therapeutic Targets for Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension (2018)

Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) and chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension (CTEPH) are fatal diseases; however, their pathogenesis still remains to be elucidated. We have recently screened novel pathogenic molecules and have performed drug discovery targeting those molecules. Pulmonary artery smooth muscle cells (PASMCs) in patients with PAH (PAH-PASMCs) have high proliferative properties like cancer cells, which leads to thickening and narrowing of distal pulmonary arteries. Thus, we conducted a comprehensive analysis of PAH-PASMCs and lung tissues to search for novel pathogenic proteins. We validated the pathogenic role of the selected proteins by using tissue-specific knockout mice. To confirm its clinical significance, we used patient-derived blood samples to evaluate the potential as a biomarker for diagnosis and prognosis. Finally, we conducted a high throughput screening and found inhibitors for the pathogenic proteins.
Predicting the popularity of online content (2008)

We present a method for accurately predicting the long time popularity of online content from early measurements of user access. Using two content sharing portals, Youtube and Digg, we show that by modeling the accrual of views and votes on content offered by these services we can predict the long-term dynamics of individual submissions from initial data. In the case of Digg, measuring access to given stories during the first two hours allows us to forecast their popularity 30 days ahead with remarkable accuracy, while downloads of Youtube videos need to be followed for 10 days to attain the same performance. The differing time scales of the predictions are shown to be due to differences in how content is consumed on the two portals: Digg stories quickly become outdated, while Youtube videos are still found long after they are initially submitted to the portal. We show that predictions are more accurate for submissions for which attention decays quickly, whereas predictions for evergreen content will be prone to larger errors.
Condensed Vector Machines: Learning Fast Machine for Large Data (2010)

Scalability is one of the main challenges for kernel-based methods and support vector machines (SVMs). The quadratic demand in memory for storing kernel matrices makes it impossible for training on million-size data. Sophisticated decomposition algorithms have been proposed to efficiently train SVMs using only important examples, which ideally are the final support vectors (SVs). However, the ability of the decomposition method is limited to large-scale applications where the number of SVs is still too large for a computer's capacity. From another perspective, the large number of SVs slows down SVMs in the testing phase, making it impractical for many applications. In this paper, we introduce the integration of a vector combination scheme to simplify the SVM solution into an incremental working set selection for SVM training. The main objective of the integration is to maintain a minimal number of final SVs, bringing a minimum resource demand and faster training time. Consequently, the learning machines are more compact and run faster thanks to the small number of vectors included in their solution. Experimental results on large benchmark datasets shows that the proposed condensed SVMs achieve both training and testing efficiency while maintaining a generalization ability equivalent to that of normal SVMs.
InGaAs/GaAs sources monolithically grown by MOVPE on Ge/Si substrates (2005)

We report on RT laser operation from strained InGaAs/GaAs quantum well structures grown by MOCVD and monolithically integrated on Ge/Si substrates. The atomic layer epitaxy on exactly [001]-oriented Ge/Si virtual substrates will also be discussed.
Polynitroaliphatic explosives containing the pentafluorosulfanyl (SF<sub>5</sub>) group: The selection and study of a model compound (1990)

Abstract An investigation concerning the effect of the pentafluoro-sulfanyl (SF5) group on the properties of explosive nitro compounds is described. The investigation includes: (a) the preparation of several polynitro SF5 model compounds; (b) the selection of the best model compound (based on overall properties such as melting point, stability, ease of synthesis, etc.); (c) the subjection of this compound to calorimetric determination of the heat and products of detonation. The initial results from the investigation support the hypothesis that the SF5 group can provide explosives with improved properties (increased density, decreased sensitivity and good thermal stability) as well as produce energy in the detonation.
Bacteriophage-mediated nucleic acid immunisation (2003)

Whole bacteriophage lambda particles, containing reporter genes under the control of the cytomegalovirus promoter (P(CMV)), have been used as delivery vehicles for nucleic acid immunisation. Following intramuscular injection of mice with lambda-gt11 containing the gene for hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg), anti-HBsAg responses in excess of 150 mIU ml(-1) were detected. When isolated peritoneal macrophages were incubated with whole lambda particles containing the gene for green fluorescent protein (GFP) under the control of P(CMV), GFP antigen was detected on the macrophage surface 8 h later. Results suggested that direct targeting of antigen-presenting cells by bacteriophage 'vaccines' may occur, leading to enhanced immune responses compared to naked DNA delivery. Bacteriophage DNA vaccines offer several advantages: they do not contain antibiotic resistance genes, they offer a large cloning capacity (approximately 15 kb), the DNA is protected from environmental degradation, they offer the potential for oral delivery, and large-scale production is cheap, easy and extremely rapid.
Catching the boat with Strudel (1998)

The Strudel system applies concepts from database management systems to the process of building Web sites. Strudel's key idea is separating the management of the site's data, the creation and management of the site's structure, and the visual presentation of the site's pages. First, the site builder creates a uniform model of all data available at the site. Second, the builder uses this model to declaratively define the Web site's structure by applying a “site-definition query” to the underlying data. The result of evaluating this query is a “site graph”, which represents both the site's content and structure. Third, the builder specifies the visual presentation of pages in Strudel's HTML-template language. The data model underlying Strudel is a semi-structured model of labeled directed graphs.
Crossroads+ (2019)

As vehicles become autonomous and connected, intelligent management techniques can be utilized to operate an intersection without a traffic light. When a Connected Autonomous Vehicle (CAV) approaches an intersection, it shares its status and intended direction with the Intersection Manager (IM), and the IM checks the status of other CAVs and assigns a target velocity/reference trajectory for it to maintain. In practice, however, there is an unknown delay between the time a CAV sends a request to the IM and the moment it receives back the response, namely, the Round-Trip Delay (RTD). As a result, the CAV will start tracking the target velocity/reference trajectory later than when the IM expects, which may lead to accidents. In this article, we present a time-aware approach, Crossroads+, that makes CAVs’ behaviors deterministic despite the existence of the unknown RTD. In Crossroads+, we use timestamping and synchronization to ensure that both the IM and the CAVs have the same notion of time. The IM will also set a fixed start time to track the target velocity/reference trajectory for each CAV. The effectiveness of the proposed Crossroads+ technique is illustrated by experiments on a 1/10 scale model of an intersection with CAVs. We also built a simulator to demonstrate the scalability of Crossroads+ for multi-lane intersections. Results from our experiments indicate that our approach can reduce the position uncertainty by 15% in comparison with conventional techniques and achieve up to 36% better throughputs.
FBCOT: a fast block coding option for JPEG 2000 (2017)

Based on the EBCOT algorithm, JPEG 2000 finds application in many fields, including high performance scientific, geospatial and video coding applications. Beyond digital cinema, JPEG 2000 is also attractive for low-latency video communications. The main obstacle for some of these applications is the relatively high computational complexity of the block coder, especially at high bit-rates. This paper proposes a drop-in replacement for the JPEG 2000 block coding algorithm, achieving much higher encoding and decoding throughputs, with only modest loss in coding efficiency (typically < 0.5dB). The algorithm provides only limited quality/SNR scalability, but offers truly reversible transcoding to/from any standard JPEG 2000 block bit-stream. The proposed FAST block coder can be used with EBCOT's post-compression RD-optimization methodology, allowing a target compressed bit-rate to be achieved even at low latencies, leading to the name FBCOT (Fast Block Coding with Optimized Truncation).
Catalysis of Diels–Alder reactions by zeolites (1986)

The Diels–Alder Cyclodimerization of buta-1,3-diene to 4-vinylcyclohexene was found to be catalysed by non-acidic zeolites, especially large-pore zeolites such as Na-ZSM-20, Na-β, and Na-Y, and also by carbon molecular sieves.
Optical frequency mixers for WDM and TDM applications (2001)

As the demand for optical fiber communications bandwidth grows, the implementation of signal processing functions using all-optical techniques becomes increasingly attractive. In recent years, a number of methods have been used to perform functions such as wavelength conversion for WDM systems, gated mixing for TDM multiplexing and demultiplexing, spectral inversion for dispersion compensation, and all-optical switching. Three-wave mixing in (chi) <SUP>(2</SUP>) media is an attractive approach, presenting a combination of low pump power, wide bandwidth, and negligible degradation of signal to noise ratio. In this paper, we describe optical frequency mixers implemented using annealed proton exchanged waveguides in periodically poled lithium niobate. These devices have been used in a variety of system experiments. We present several WDM demonstrations, including wavelength conversion, dispersion compensation by mid-span spectral inversion, and compensation of Kerr nonlinearities. We also discuss TDM demonstrations such as efficient all-optical gating and multiplexing/demultiplexing of high bit-rate data streams.
Transductive link spam detection (2007)

Web spam can significantly deteriorate the quality of search engines. Early web spamming techniques mainly manipulate page content. Since linkage information is widely used in web search, link-based spamming has also developed. So far, many techniques have been proposed to detect link spam. Those approaches are basically built on link-based web ranking methods.
Insecticidal Activity of Novel Trihaloimidazole Derivatives against a Wild Colony of German Cockroaches (<i>Blattella germanicd</i>) (1991)

Structure-activity relationships of novel 1-alkoxymethyl-2,4,5-trihaloimidazole compounds against a wild colony of German cockroaches resistant to pyrethroids (O-colony) are reported. Among them, 1-methoxymethyl-2-bromo-4,5-dichloroimidazole and 1-isopropoxymethyl-2-bromo-4,5-di-chloroimidazole were very effective by a filter paper contact method. The variation in insecticidal activity is shown to be related to the length and branching of the alkyl chain of the 1-substituents. Above all, 1-(4-bromobutoxymethyl)-2-bromo-4,5-dichloroimidazole and 1-(4-bromo/chlorobutoxy-methyl)-2,4,5-trichloroimidazole exhibited low acute oral toxicity to mice and good activity by a heating fumigant test, representing one of the practical applications. The trihaloimidazole derivatives had almost two-fold higher activity against O-colony insects than against the susceptible strain.
Adaptive mechanisms and policies for managing cache hierarchies in chip multiprocessors (2005)

With the ability to place large numbers of transistors on a single silicon chip, manufacturers have begun developing chip multiprocessors (CMPs) containing multiple processor cores, varying amounts of level 1 and level 2 caching, and on-chip directory structures for level 3 caches and memory. The level 3 cache may be used as a victim cache for both modified and clean lines evicted from on-chip level 2 caches. Efficient area and performance management of this cache hierarchy is paramount given the projected increase in access latency to off-chip memory. This paper proposes simple architectural extensions and adaptive policies for managing the L2 and L3 cache hierarchy in a CMP system. In particular, we evaluate two mechanisms that improve cache effectiveness. First, we propose the use of a small history table to provide hints to the L2 caches as to which lines are resident in the L3 cache. We employ this table to eliminate some unnecessary clean write backs to the L3 cache, reducing pressure on the L3 cache and utilization of the on-chip bus. Second, we exam-ine the performance benefits of allowing write backs from L2 caches to be placed in neighboring, on-chip L2 caches rather than forcing them to be absorbed by the L3 cache. This not only reduces the capacity pressure on the L3 cache but also makes subsequent accesses faster since L2-W-L2 cache transfers have typically lower latencies than accesses to a large L3 cache array. We evaluate the performance improvement of these two designs, and their combined effect, on four commercial workloads and observe a reduction in the overall execution time of up to 13%.
Change in oligomerization specificity of the p53 tetramerization domain by hydrophobic amino acid substitutions (1999)

The tumor suppressor function of the wild-type p53 protein is transdominantly inhibited by tumor-derived mutant p53 proteins. Such transdominant inhibition limits the prospects for gene therapy approaches that aim to introduce wild-type p53 into cancer cells. The molecular mechanism for transdominant inhibition involves sequestration of wild-type p53 subunits into inactive wild-type/mutant hetero-tetramers. Thus, p53 proteins, whose oligomerization specificity is altered so they cannot interact with tumor-derived mutant p53, would escape transdominant inhibition. Aided by the known three-dimensional structure of the p53 tetramerization domain and by trial and error we designed a novel domain with seven amino acid substitutions in the hydrophobic core. A full-length p53 protein bearing this novel domain formed homo-tetramers and had tumor suppressor function, but did not hetero-oligomerize with tumor-derived mutant p53 and resisted transdominant inhibition. Thus, hydrophobic core residues influence the oligomerization specificity of the p53 tetramerization domain.
Each-Phase Metering with Gas-Liquid Stratified Flow Based on the Multi-Frequency Coriolis Principle (2020)

Gas-liquid two-phase flows generally have the characteristics of complex and variable flow patterns and flow rate uncertainty of each phase. The entrainment of gas increases errors of the existing non-separated multiphase metering. A novel metering method based on the multi-frequency Coriolis principle is proposed to solve the above problems. Compared to the conventional Coriolis mass flowmeter, the third-order mode of the measuring tube is used to improve the accuracy of the measurement. The influences of bubble effect and resonance effect on vibration responses in different vibrational modes were studied to determine the deviations of the apparent values of total density and mass flowrate by simulation. Simulation results with a single-frequency Coriolis flowmeter show that the maximum relative deviations of total density and total mass flowrate are −37.3% and −9.3%, respectively. Driven by different frequencies, the same two phase fluid in the measuring tube can have different responses of the primary mode and the higher vibrational modes. The vibrational responses characteristics corresponding to the first-order and third-order modes of measuring tube were selected and analyzed. Combined with advantages of high precision and multi-parameter measurement of traditional single-frequency Coriolis flowmeters, a multi-frequency correction model suitable for stratified flow was proposed. The results show that the corrected total density and mass flow deviations of gas-containing fluid are within ±4% and ±3%, respectively, which are significantly reduced. Corrected flowrate deviations of the gas-phase and liquid-phase are ±9.1% and ±7.2%, correspondingly, which also meet the metering requirements of the wellhead.
Automatic inspection of textured surfaces by support vector machines (2009)

Automatic inspection of manufactured products with natural looking textures is a challenging task. Products such as tiles, textile, leather, and lumber project image textures that cannot be modeled as periodic or otherwise regular; therefore, a stochastic modeling of local intensity distribution is required. An inspection system to replace human inspectors should be flexible in detecting flaws such as scratches, cracks, and stains occurring in various shapes and sizes that have never been seen before. A computer vision algorithm is proposed in this paper that extracts local statistical features from grey-level texture images decomposed with wavelet frames into subbands of various orientations and scales. The local features extracted are second order statistics derived from grey-level co-occurrence matrices. Subsequently, a support vector machine (SVM) classifier is trained to learn a general description of normal texture from defect-free samples. This algorithm is implemented in LabVIEW and is capable of processing natural texture images in real-time.
Signal-to-Noise Enhancement in Optical Detection of Single Viruses With Multispot Excitation (2015)

We present fluorescence detection of single H1N1 viruses with enhanced signal to noise ratio (<i>SNR</i>) achieved by multi-spot excitation in liquid-core anti-resonant reflecting optical waveguides (ARROWs). Solid-core Y-splitting ARROW waveguides are fabricated orthogonal to the liquid-core section of the chip, creating multiple excitation spots for the analyte. We derive expressions for the <i>SNR</i> increase after signal processing, and analyze its dependence on signal levels and spot number. Very good agreement between theoretical calculations and experimental results is found. <i>SNR</i> enhancements up to 5x10<sup>4</sup> are demonstrated.