gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Performance analysis of an iterative group-wise parallel interference cancellation for multiuser detection of coherent W-CDMA system (2003)

We present performance analysis of an iterative group-wise parallel interference cancellation (IGPIC) algorithm for coherent detection of an asynchronous wideband DS-CDMA system in a single cell over multipath Rayleigh fading channels. The proposed IGPIC algorithm can improve the existing serial interference cancellation (SIC) algorithm that significantly degrades the detection performance for stronger users compared to weaker users. It also improves the group-wise serial interference cancellation (GSIC) algorithm that suffers from severe degradation of detection performance as the number of users in a group increases. In the proposed algorithm, users in a system am divided into several groups and interfering signals are subtracted out from the received signal as many times as the number of users in a group, iteratively. The iterative group-wise interference cancellation (IGIC) algorithm is also classified into the iterative group-wise serial interference cancellation (IGSIC) and the IGPIC algorithm. The results show that the performance of the IGPIC algorithm is superior to that of the IGSIC algorithm by 4 dB, right before the final cancellation in a group for 10 users at BER=1.0/spl times/10/sup -2/.
The solar cell laser scanner (1981)

As part of the Low Cost Solar Array Program at Jet Propulsion Laboratory, failure analyses have been performed on over 300 photovoltaic modules from thirty different manufacturers and five countries. Because of the volume of work and the variety of module types encountered, it has been necessary to develop non-destructive techniques to rapidly locate the failure sites. This paper will present design details and results obtained with one instrument developed specifically for this purpose, the Solar Cell Laser Scanner (SCLS). The effects of applying a bias current to the modules will also be discussed, based upon experimental observations and computer generated predictions.
<i>Lactococcus lactis</i> Expressing either <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i> Fibronectin-Binding Protein A or <i>Listeria monocytogenes</i> Internalin A Can Efficiently Internalize and Deliver DNA in Human Epithelial Cells (2009)

Lactococci are noninvasive bacteria frequently used as protein delivery vectors and, more recently, as in vitro and in vivo DNA delivery vehicles. We previously showed that a functional eukaryotic enhanced green fluorescent protein (eGFP) expression plasmid vector was delivered in epithelial cells by Lactococcus lactis producing Listeria monocytogenes internalin A (L. lactis InlA(+)), but this strategy is limited in vivo to transgenic mice and guinea pigs. In this study, we compare the internalization ability of L. lactis InlA(+) and L. lactis producing either the fibronectin-binding protein A of Staphylococcus aureus (L. lactis FnBPA(+)) or its fibronectin binding domains C and D (L. lactis CD(+)). L. lactis FnBPA(+) and L. lactis InlA(+) showed comparable internalization rates in Caco-2 cells, while the internalization rate observed with L. lactis CD(+) was lower. As visualized by conventional and confocal fluorescence microscopy, large clusters of L. lactis FnBPA(+), L. lactis CD(+), and L. lactis InlA(+) were present in the cytoplasm of Caco-2 cells after internalization. Moreover, the internalization rates of Lactobacillus acidophilus NCFM and of an NCFM mutant strain with the gene coding for the fibronectin-binding protein (fbpA) inactivated were also evaluated in Caco-2 cells. Similar low internalization rates were observed for both wild-type L. acidophilus NCFM and the fbpA mutant, suggesting that commensal fibronectin binding proteins have a role in adhesion but not in invasion. L. lactis FnBPA(+), L. lactis CD(+), and L. lactis InlA(+) were then used to deliver a eukaryotic eGFP expression plasmid in Caco-2 cells: flow cytometry analysis showed that the highest percentage of green fluorescent Caco-2 cells was observed after coculture with either L. lactis FnBPA(+) or L. lactis InlA(+). Analysis of the in vivo efficiency of these invasive recombinant strains is currently in progress to validate their potential as DNA vaccine delivery vehicles.
Observation of Hexagonally Correlated Flux Quanta In Y<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mml:mrow><mml:msub><mml:mrow><mml:mi mathvariant="normal">Ba</mml:mi></mml:mrow><mml:mrow><mml:mn>2</mml:mn></mml:mrow></mml:msub></mml:mrow></mml:math><mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mml:mrow><mml:msub><mml:mrow><mml:mi mathvariant="normal">Cu</mml:mi></mml:mrow><mml:mrow><mml:mn>3</mml:mn></mml:mrow></mml:msub></mml:mrow></mml:math><mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mml:mrow><mml:msub><mml:mrow><mml:mi mathvariant="normal">O</mml:mi></mml:mrow><mml:mrow><mml:mn>7</mml:mn></mml:mrow></mml:msub></mml:mrow></mml:math> (1987)

The high-resolution Bitter pattern technique has been used to reveal the magnetic structure of single-crystal samples of high-${T}_{c}$ superconductor Y${\mathrm{Ba}}_{2}$${\mathrm{Cu}}_{3}$${\mathrm{O}}_{7}$ at 4.2 K. Typical patterns consist of hexagonally correlated, singly quantized vortices of flux $\frac{\mathrm{hc}}{2e}$. That is, the structures are comparable to those that would be observed in conventional type-II superconductors under similar conditions.
The role of cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator phenylalanine 508 side chain in ion channel gating (2006)

Cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) is an ion channel employing the ABC transporter structural motif. Deletion of a single residue (Phe508) in the first nucleotide-binding domain (NBD1), which occurs in most patients with cystic fibrosis, impairs both maturation and function of the protein. However, substitution of the Phe508 with small uncharged amino acids, including cysteine, is permissive for maturation. To explore the possible role of the phenylalanine aromatic side chain in channel gating we introduced a cysteine at this position in cysless CFTR, enabling its selective chemical modification by sulfhydryl reagents. Both cysless and wild-type CFTR ion channels have identical mean open times when activated by different nucleotide ligands. Moreover, both channels could be locked in an open state by introducing an ATPase inhibiting mutation (E1371S). However, the introduction of a single cysteine (F508C) prevented the cysless E1371S channel from maintaining the permanently open state, allowing closing to occur. Chemical modification of cysless E1371S/F508C by sulfhydryl reagents was used to probe the role of the side chain in ion channel function. Specifically, benzyl-methanethiosulphonate modification of this variant restored the gating behaviour to that of cysless E1371S containing the wild-type phenylalanine at position 508. This provides the first direct evidence that a specific interaction of the Phe508 aromatic side chain plays a role in determining the residency time in the closed state. Thus, despite the fact that this aromatic side chain is not essential for CFTR folding, it is important in the ion channel function.
Electrochemical and Metallurgical Aspects of Laser‐Enhanced Jet Plating of Gold (1985)

Experimental results for a new plating technique using a laser in combination with a pressurized jet are described. Electrochemical and hydrodynamic parameters affecting the gold deposits are discussed. Scanning electron micrographs of the deposited gold surfaces indicate increased smoothness and decreased nodularity as well as disappearance of voids with increasing laser power density. A marked decrease in voids with increasing laser power is also observed in cross‐sectioned samples. At the highest laser power densities used, with a 0.5 mm diam nozzle, plating rates of up to 12 μm/s have been observed. In general, the rate increases with increasing laser power density. Measurements of the Knoop hardness of the deposits gave values in the range characteristic for soft gold.
Psychophysical Assessment of Perceptual Performance With Varying Display Frame Rates (2016)

This study assesses the impact of display refresh rate on the perception of dynamic visual stimuli in humans. A projection platform was developed in that context, allowing control of the frame rate on a trial-by-trial basis. Using this display, we introduce a series of psychophysical experiments aimed to quantitatively assess objective perceptual performance at different frame rates. Tasks that are often implicitly performed when watching movies on a television set, or when wearing a head mounted display, were chosen: speed discrimination, spatial discrimination, and reading abilities, with stimuli undergoing horizontal motion in a wide range of speeds ( <inline-formula xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$16-38\;\text{deg/s}$</tex-math></inline-formula> ). The results show that whatever the stimuli or the task, performance is significantly better at high frame rate (HFR) compared to 60 Hz, providing clear-cut evidence that low refresh rates limit the ability to reliably analyze moving stimuli. These results extend those of previous psychophysical experiments performed at low refresh rates, further characterize genuine visual performance in humans and provide an objective benchmarking methodology allowing to assess visual performance with a variety of displays. Results indicate that for low resolution displays, where increasing spatial resolution is not an option, increasing frame rate could benefit motion perception. We discuss these results and their implications with regards to current and emerging categories of visual displays, such as head mounted displays.
Corticotropin-releasing factor injected into the lateral septum improves memory function in rats. (1995)

The present study investigated the role of corticotropin-releasing factor (CRF) in the lateral septum in modulating the memory process and in regulation of the rearing response in rats. Rats were bilaterally cannulated in the lateral septum and CRF was injected right after training of an inhibitory avoidance task. Retention performance and rearing measure were conducted 24 hr later. In another experiment, CRF was also injected into the lateral septum and rearing response measured immediately afterwards. Results indicated that CRF, at moderate doses, markedly enhanced memory retention and decreased rearing response in rats. The latter effect was no longer observed 24 hr after CRF injection. These findings support the notion that the lateral septum is involved in the memory process and emotional expression. These results, together with earlier reports, also suggest that CRF probably produces a consistent facilitatory effect upon memory consolidation and inhibitory effect upon exploration within the limbic system in rats.
Immuno-Reactive Molecules Identified from the Secreted Proteome of <i>Aspergillus fumigatus</i> (2010)

The secreted proteomes of a three week old culture of an Indian (190/96) and a German (DAYA) Aspergillus fumigatus isolate were investigated for reactivity with IgG and/or IgE antibodies derived from pooled allergic broncho-pulmonary aspergillosis (ABPA) patients' sera. Two dimensional Western blotting followed by mass spectrometric analysis of the reactive protein spots revealed 35 proteins from the two A. fumigatus strains. There were seven known A. fumigatus allergens among them (Asp f1-4, Asp f9, Asp f10, and Asp f13/15), whereas three proteins displaying significant sequence similarity to known fungal allergens have been assigned as predicted allergens (Dipeptidyl-peptidase-V precursor, Nuclear transport factor 2, and Malate dehydrogenase, NAD-dependent). Eight IgG and IgE reactive proteins were common in both strains; however, 12 proteins specifically reacted in 190/96 and 15 in DAYA. Further testing with sera of 5 individual ABPA patients demonstrated that 12 out of 20 immunoreactive proteins of 190/96 strain of A. fumigatus had consistent reactivity with IgE. Seven of these proteins reacted with IgG also. The 25 of 35 identified proteins are novel with respect to immuno-reactivity with ABPA patients' sera and could form a panel of molecules to improve the currently existing less-sensitive diagnostic methods. Through expressing recombinantly, these proteins may also serve as a tool in desensibilization strategies.
Spectral Phase Encoder Employing an Arrayed-Waveguide Grating and Phase-Shifting Structure (2007)

This letter reports a spectral phase encoder using an arrayed-waveguide grating (AWG) with phase-adjustable structure. It consists of the 12.5-GHz spacing eight-channel AWG phase-adjustable structure with deep trenches formed in the waveguides. The spectral phase encoding of optical short pulses at the repetition rate of 12.5 GHz using the AWG encoder was successfully demonstrated.
Nonlinear optical studies of single crystal films of N–(4-nitrophenyl)–L–prolinol (1996)

Single crystal films of N–(4-nitrophenyl)-L–prolinol have been prepared by modified shear method and the second order optical susceptibility has been measured by second harmonic generation. The small thickness and high nonlinear coefficient of the films allowed second order optical measurements without considering phase matching. The magnitudes of the tensor elements of second order optical susceptibility were determined by detailed polarization selective measurements. The maximum effective value of the nonlinearity, dmaxeff was found to be approximately 18 times the deff of LiNbO3. The value of d21 is equal to 97 (±5) pm/V and d22 is equal to 30 (±5) pm/V at 1064 nm. Our analyses show that both type-I and type-II phase matching should be possible in waveguides of this material.
Prediction of early treatment failure of second-line nal-iri/5-FU/FA in patients with advanced pancreatic adenocarcinoma (AIO-PAK-0216). (2023)

721 Background: Second-line Nal-Iri/5-Fluorouracil/Folinic Acid (Nal-Iri/5-FU/LV) increases overall survival of unselected patients (pts) with metastatic pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) after gemcitabine-based therapy. It is unknown, which pts will likely benefit or could probably profit more from alternative approaches. Methods: In this prospective trial, 156 pts with locally advanced or metastatic PDAC were included for treatment with biweekly Nal-Iri/5-FU/LV (70 mg/m², 2.4 g/m², 400 mg/m²) after failure of 1st line chemotherapy with Gemcitabine/nab-Paclitaxel, with comprehensive evaluation of prior treatment characteristics, potential predictive factors, and quality of life. Primary end point is the correlation of time to treatment failure (TTF) of 1st and 2nd line therapy. Moreover, translational research was done to measure and evaluate biomarkers in blood and tumor tissue. Here, we explore patient characteristics in two subgroups with short or long treatment duration, with the aim to evaluate potential predictive factors for further analysis. Results: 139 (90%) of the 156 pts included between 03/2018 and 07/2021 in 40 German sites received medication. End of treatment is documented for 128 pts, with 5 still on treatment as of 05/2022 Mean (±SD) treatment duration was 15.5 weeks or 7.7±7.1 cycles (median 7 weeks; 5 cycles). 37 (25%) pts received ≥ 10 cycles. The median was used to separate two subgroups of short and long treatment duration (STD, ≤ 5 cycles, n=66 (52%) vs. LTD, > 5 cycles, n=62, (48%)). Reasons for treatment discontinuation clearly differed between the two subgroups: death in 9% vs. 3%, toxicity in 9% vs. 2%, unrelated medical condition in 12% vs. 2%, and progressive disease in 46% vs. 73%, respectively. Investigator´s decision was a reason for discontinuation in 6% vs. 5%. Pts with STD had a lower performance status (ECOG 1 or 2 in 74% vs. 52%, ECOG 0 in 20% vs. 44% in STD vs. LTD group), lower albumin levels (below normal in 36% vs. 24.2%) and were more likely to suffer from liver metastases (overall 82% vs. 66%). There were no relevant differences with regard to age, sex and tumor burden (number of metastases or CA19-9 levels). Conclusions: Early treatment discontinuation was primarily associated with patient-related factors such as low performance status, low albumin levels and comorbidities, characteristics which could be used to spare patients from treatment with an unfavorable risk-to-benefit ratio. In contrast, surrogate markers for tumor burden did not correlate with treatment success. Clinical trial information: NCT03468335 .
Vehicle Detection under Day and Night Illumination. (1999)

Effective detection of vehicles in urban traffic scenes can be achieved by exploiting image analysis techniques. Nevertheless, vehicle detection in daytime and at night can&apos;t be approached with the same image analysis algorithms, due to the strongly different illumination conditions. This paper describes the two different sets of image analysis algorithms that have been used in the VTTS system (Vehicular Traffic Tracking System) for extracting vehicles from image sequences acquired in daytime and at night. In the system, a supervising level selects the set of algorithms to apply and performs vehicle tracking under control of a rule-based decision module. The paper describes the tracking module, and reports experimental results for both vehicle detection and tracking. I. INTRODUCTION Automatic vehicle detection in traffic scenes is an important goal in the field of transportation systems, since it allows the enforcement of traffic policies with precise information on traffic. Image ana...
Arylation of Azlactones using Diaryliodonium Bromides and Silver Carbonate: Facile Access to α‐Tetrasubstituted Amino Acid Derivatives (2014)

Abstract With the combined use of silver carbonate, diaryliodonium bromides were successfully utilized as aryl source to realize the highly efficient arylation of azlactones under mild conditions. The reaction worked well with various alkyl‐ and aryl‐substituted azlactones, providing a range of α‐tetrasubstituted amino acid derivatives in moderate to high yields. magnified image
Effect of Telmisartan or Losartan for Treatment of Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease: Fatty Liver Protection Trial by Telmisartan or Losartan Study (FANTASY) (2013)

Aim. This study compared the effects of telmisartan and losartan on nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and biochemical markers of insulin resistance in hypertensive NAFLD patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Methods. This was a randomized, open-label, parallel-group comparison of therapy with telmisartan or losartan. Nineteen hypertensive NAFLD patients with type 2 diabetes were randomly assigned to receive telmisartan at a dose of 20 mg once a day (<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" id="M1"><mml:mi>n</mml:mi><mml:mo>=</mml:mo><mml:mn>12</mml:mn></mml:math>) or losartan at a dose of 50 mg once a day (<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" id="M2"><mml:mi>n</mml:mi><mml:mo>=</mml:mo><mml:mn>7</mml:mn></mml:math>) for 12 months. Body fat area as determined by CT scanning and hepatic fat content based on the liver-to-spleen (L/S) ratio, as well as several parameters of glycemic and lipid metabolism, were compared before and after 12 months. Results. The telmisartan group showed a significant decline in serum free fatty acid (FFA) level (from<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" id="M3"><mml:mn>0.87</mml:mn><mml:mo>±</mml:mo><mml:mn>0.26</mml:mn></mml:math>to<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" id="M4"><mml:mn>0.59</mml:mn><mml:mo>±</mml:mo><mml:mn>0.22</mml:mn></mml:math> mEq/L (mean ± SD),<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" id="M5"><mml:mi>P</mml:mi><mml:mo>=</mml:mo><mml:mn>0.005</mml:mn></mml:math>) and a significant increase in L/S ratio (<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" id="M6"><mml:mi>P</mml:mi><mml:mo>=</mml:mo><mml:mn>0.049</mml:mn></mml:math>) evaluated by CT scan, while these parameters were not changed in the losartan group. Conclusion. Although there was no significant difference in improvement in liver enzymes with telmisartan and losartan treatment in hypertensive NAFLD patients with type 2 diabetes after 12 months, it is suggested that telmisartan may exert beneficial effects by improving fatty liver. Erratum to “Effect of Telmisartan or Losartan for Treatment of Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease: Fatty Liver Protection Trial by Telmisartan or Losartan Study (FANTASY)”
Interaction of complement and clusterin in renal injury. (1992)

Clusterin is a heterodimeric glycoprotein that has been associated with such diverse biologic functions as reproduction, cell regression, cell aggregation, and regulation of the cytolytic activity of the membrane attack complex of complement. Clusterin is a component of glomerular immune deposits in the kidney, and increased clusterin expression occurs in a number of renal injury states. To further explore the interaction between clusterin and complement, the requirement for an intact complement system for renal clusterin induction in an acute (folic acid nephropathy) and a chronic (subtotal renal ablation) model of renal injury was examined. After it was first demonstrated that folic acid increased renal clusterin mRNA in the rat, a species in which renal clusterin was highly inducible by other stimuli, the effects of folic acid (250 mg/kg ip) on clusterin mRNA and immunoreactivity were examined in mice sufficient and deficient for the fifth component of complement. Similar increases in clusterin mRNA and immunoreactivity were seen in both the C5-sufficient and C5-deficient mice compared with their respective vehicle-injected control groups. Renal clusterin mRNA was also increased to a similar extent in the remaining kidney of both C5-sufficient and C5-deficient mice 10 days after subtotal nephrectomy. In conclusion, the induction of clusterin after folic acid administration or subtotal nephrectomy was independent of the presence of an intact complement system, because similar increases in clusterin expression were observed in C5-sufficient and C5-deficient mice.
Digital Film Mastering (1999)

A new approach for generating video masters from film originals is presented in this paper. The basis is a high-throughput film scanner with a data output option that enables the generation of a high-resolution digital data copy. By combining standard computer platforms and dedicated processing hardware, an integrated system is created where multiple master video copies of differing formats can be derived from a single digital data copy. This flexible and efficient method of generating different versions of a program facilitates multimedia distribution of an original film. The paper also presents the overall concept and architecture for digital film mastering and explains, in particular, the architecture of a crucial component: the post-processing unit. The specific challenges that arise from the processing of continuous data streams at rates up to 420 Mbytes/sec are discussed. An example based on an actual film scanner from Philips Digital Video Systems is used to illustrate the method.