gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Camera control based on rigid body dynamics for virtual environments (2009)

Desktop virtual environments (VEs) are an attractive choice for low-cost virtual reality systems. However, the level of virtual presence - the subjective sensation of perceiving oneself immersed within an environment - that desktop VEs offer is lower than immersive ones. There exist approaches that try to reduce the gap between the level of presence in these two types of VEs. For instance, to improve the interaction aspect by providing an environment that supports physically based behavior or to display high quality graphics that increases the overall scene realism. Most of these approaches have been employed in the design of desktop VEs, but often lacked a formal evaluation of their real impact on the level of presence afforded. This paper presents our work and research findings on developing a model to control camera travel based on rigid body dynamics. A physics engine simulates the dynamics involved in altering the cameras physical parameters - such as forces, torques, tensor of inertia - which, in turn, controls viewpoint orientation and locomotion. Our aim was twofold: to propose a camera whose movement behaviors were easy to program, and; to engage users of a desktop VE in a richer interaction experience capable of raising their level of presence. We designed an experimental study with a group of volunteers and measured their performance in controlling the camera as well as their reported virtual presence using the Witmer and Singers Presence Questionnaire.
Adsorption of CO<sub>2</sub>, CH<sub>4</sub>, and N<sub>2</sub> on Ordered Mesoporous Carbon: Approach for Greenhouse Gases Capture and Biogas Upgrading (2013)

Separation of CO₂ and N₂ from CH₄ is significantly important in natural gas upgrading, and capture/removal of CO₂, CH₄ from air (N₂) is essential to greenhouse gas emission control. Adsorption equilibrium and kinetics of CO₂, CH₄, and N₂ on an ordered mesoporous carbon (OMC) sample were systematically investigated to evaluate its capability in the above two applications. The OMC was synthesized and characterized with TEM, TGA, small-angle XRD, and nitrogen adsorption/desorption measurements. Pure component adsorption isotherms of CO₂, CH₄, and N₂ were measured at 278, 298, and 318 K and pressures up to 100 kPa, and correlated with the Langmuir model. These data were used to estimate the separation selectivities for CO₂/CH₄, CH₄/N₂, and CO₂/N₂ binary mixtures at different compositions and pressures according to the ideal adsorbed solution theory (IAST) model. At 278 K and 100 kPa, the predicted selectivities for equimolar CO₂/CH₄, CH4/N₂, and CO₂/N₂ are 3.4, 3.7, and 12.8, respectively; and the adsorption capacities for CH₄ and CO₂ are 1.3 and 3.0 mmol/g, respectively. This is the first report of a versatile mesoporous material that displays both high selectivities and large adsorption capacities for separating CO₂/CH₄, CH₄/N₂, and CO₂/N₂ mixtures.
Simulating MPI Applications: The SMPI Approach (2017)

This article summarizes our recent work and developments on SMPI, a flexible simulator of MPI applications. In this tool, we took a particular care to ensure our simulator could be used to produce fast and accurate predictions in a wide variety of situations. Although we did build SMPI on SimGrid whose speed and accuracy had already been assessed in other contexts, moving such techniques to a HPC workload required significant additional effort. Obviously, an accurate modeling of communications and network topology was one of the key to such achievements. Another less obvious key was the choice to combine in a single tool the possibility to do both offline and online simulation.
Usage patterns of FriendZone (2004)

How do users accept, and use, for a long period of time, location based services (LBS) on their mobile handsets? FriendZone, a suite of mobile Location-based Community Services has been launched. The services included Instant Messaging and Locator (IM&L), Location-based Chat, and Anonymous Instant Messaging (AIM), with supporting Privacy Management.A 21 month usage survey of more than 47,000 users, most of them young adults, followed by user interviews, is reported herein. The results indicate that AIM is the most popular and used service, more than IM&L, with lower use of Chat. The interviews showed that young adults are interested in immediate stimulations and therefore use AIM, which could lead them to face-to-face meetings. In addition, IM&L is limited to one carrier and hence is less attractive. Lastly, young adults using this service are more interested in sharing their location than in their privacy.
Social Task Networks: Personal and Collaborative Task Formulation and Management in Social Networking Sites (2010)

Personal tasks are managed with a variety of mechanisms from To-Do lists to calendars to emails. Task management remains challenging, since many tasks are interrelated, some may depend on other people’s tasks to be accomplished, and their priority and status changes over time. While many tasks could be automated by services and agents available on the Web, To-Do lists often capture tasks in textual form that combine non-automatable aspects. We have designed a new approach that combines techniques for task representations in hierarchical planning and for sharing in social networking sites. We broaden the notion of assistance so it is not just provided by computers but also by other people.
Influence mechanism of glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor on the proliferation of spermatogonial stem cells (2015)

Objective
To investigate the molecular mechanisms of glial cell derived neurotrophic factor in promoting proliferation of spermatogonial stem cell.


Methods
RNAi expression vectors, targeted at GDNF, were constructed and transfected into SSCs from 5 to 7 days old mice.The SSCs with highest effectiveness of GDNF interfere was set as study group.And the SSCs without GDNF interfere was considered as control group. The ELISA method was used to compare the proliferative rate between study group and control group.Flow cytometry, RT-PCR were used to detect the expression of GDNF, RTKs, Fyn and FAK′s mRNA, and the apoptosis of SSCs.


Results
From 1 to 4 days after transinfection, the absorbable A value in study group was 0.45±0.02, 0.68±0.03, 1.12±0.03, 2.24±0.04, respectively.Meanwhile, the same item in control group was 0.46±0.03、0.73±0.02、1.32±0.05、1.15±0.06, respectively (P<0.05). There were significant different between experiment groups (25.43±1.91)% and control group (5.61±0.16)% in the apoptosis rates of SSCs (P<0.05). Significant differences were noted between experimental group and control group(P<0.05). The mRNA expression rates of GDNF was (12.32±1.22)% in study group and (54.25±1.34)% in control group (P<0.01). The mRNA expression rates of RTKs and Fyn and FAK in study group and control group were (16.24±1.35)% vs (45.35±1.37)%, (18.32±1.34)% vs (38.37±1.55)%, (20.04±1.65)% vs (43.27±1.28)%, respectively (P<0.05).


Conclusions
The glial cell line derived neurotrophic factor was important in course of SSCs′ proliferation, which may up-regulating the expression of RTKs, Fyn and FAK.


Key words: 
Spermatogonial stem cells; Glial cell line derived neurotrophic factor; Molecular mechanism
Concrete structures: ment of the oceans Key to develop (1974)

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Performance Evaluation and High Speed Switching Fabrics and Networks (1993)

A handy source for practicing engineers and researchers, this book offers collected examples of successful performance evaluation of high speed telecommunications switching fabrics such as ATM networks and high speed interconnection technology for computers. It emphasizes the performance evaluation of such switches as they apply to predicting a proposed system's performance through the use of statistical models -- a cost-saving way for communications engineers to test the design of a system without having to construct it
Phrase-level System Combination for Machine Translation Based on Target-to-Target Decoding (2012)

In this paper, we propose a novel lattice-based MT combination methodology that we call Target-to-Target Decoding (TTD). The combination process is carried out as a “translation” from backbone to the combination result. This perspective suggests the use of existing phrase-based MT techniques in the combination framework. We show how phrase extraction rules and confidence estimations inspired from machine translation improve results. We also propose system-specific LMs for estimating N-gram consensus. Our results show that our approach yields a strong improvement over the best single MT system and competes with other state-of-the-art combination systems.
miR-489 is a tumour-suppressive miRNA target PTPN11 in hypopharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma (HSCC) (2010)

Identification of the tumour-suppressive miRNA miR-489 and its target, PTPN11, might provide new insights into the underlying molecular mechanisms of HSCC.
Ion projection direct structuring for patterning of magnetic media (2002)

Ion projection facilitates a direct structuring, which is an attractive potential manufacturing process for patterned storage media. An advantage to this method is that the media roughness remains unchanged. The feasibility of ion projection direct structuring for processing full disk surfaces was investigated using a next generation lithography projector. Co-Pt multilayer films with strong perpendicular anisotropy were deposited on 1-in glass disks as used in the IBM microdrive and on Si substrates. Concentric tracks including data, as well as head positioning servo structures, were patterned in a single exposure step with 45 keV He/sup +/ at a 4 /spl times/ demagnification. In a second experiment, sub-100-nm magnetic islands were produced using projection at 8.7 /spl times/ demagnification and visualized by magnetic force microscopy.
STUDIES ON THE ADSORPTION OF SILVER PROM CYANIDE SOLUTIONS BY FUNCTIONAL POLYMERS (1991)

ABSTRACT The adsorption of silver and copper cyanides by various functional polymers ( conventional anionites,exchangers with modified amino alkyl group and S-or S,N-modified polystyrene) has been investigated.The maximum silver and copper adsorption as well as the Cu/Ag ratio on the resin have been determined.In addition,IR measurements have been carried out to determine the kind of bonding of the metal cyanides. Resins containing protonated or quaternary amino groups adsorbed the metal cyanides by a pure ion-exchange mechanism.Other resins containing thioamide or SH-frag-ments adsorbed the silver complex by direct interaction with the Ag+ cation. The selectivity of the resins for silver,which was determined in the system Ag/Cu cyanide was increased in the following order by a) modifying the amino groups, b) using weakly basic resins and c) using S,N-modified polystyrene,with the capacity for silver having been decreased in the same order.The reasons for that are discussed.The response of the silver cyanides to anionites is compared with that of gold cyanides.
Use of the CO2 Source in Radiocarbon Dating by AMS (1989)

Since Middleton showed the potential for a sputter source working from CO 2 , we have been building a source which can automatically change samples. The source produces a maximum beam of 25μA of C − , with typical operation between 10 and 20μA. Although beam generation from the source is very reliable, the mechanics of sample changing have given considerable problems. The changing of samples also involves considerable care in gas handling, and a computer control system has been written which ensures the correct sequence of the 16 operations required for sample change.
Site‐directed mutagenesis of the chemokine receptor CXCR6 suggests a novel paradigm for interactions with the ligand CXCL16 (2008)

Chemokine receptor CXCR6 mediates the chemotaxis and adhesion of leukocytes to soluble and membrane-anchored forms of CXCL16, and is an HIV-1 co-receptor. Here, we describe the effects of mutation of acidic extracellular CXCR6 residues on receptor function. Although most CXCR6 mutants examined were expressed at levels similar to wild-type (WT) CXCR6, an N-terminal E3Q mutant was poorly expressed, which may explain previously reported protective effects of a similar single nucleotide polymorphism, with respect to late-stage HIV-1 infection. In contrast to several other chemokine receptors, mutation of the CXCR6 N terminus and inhibition of post-translational modifications of this region were without effect on receptor function. Likewise, N-terminal extension of CXCL16 resulted in a protein with decent potency and efficacy in chemotaxis and not, as anticipated, a CXCR6 antagonist. D176N and E274Q CXCR6 mutants were unable to interact with soluble CXCL16, suggesting a critical role for D176 and E274 in ligand binding. Intriguingly, although unable to interact with soluble CXCL16, the E274Q mutant could promote robust adhesion to membrane-anchored CXCL16, suggesting that soluble and membrane-bound forms of CXCL16 possess distinct conformations. Collectively, our data suggest a novel paradigm for the CXCR6:CXCL16 interaction, a finding which may impact the discovery of small-molecule antagonists of CXCR6.
Ultrahigh Torsional Stiffness and Strength of Boron Nitride Nanotubes (2012)

We report the experimental and theoretical study of boron nitride nanotube (BNNT) torsional mechanics. We show that BNNTs exhibit a much stronger mechanical interlayer coupling than carbon nanotubes (CNTs). This feature makes BNNTs up to 1 order of magnitude stiffer and stronger than CNTs. We attribute this interlayer locking to the faceted nature of BNNTs, arising from the polarity of the B-N bond. This property makes BNNTs superior candidates to replace CNTs in nanoelectromechanical systems (NEMS), fibers, and nanocomposites.
战略规划：大都市地区有效治理的方向盘—大伦敦战略规划的演变与最新发展 (2001)

20世纪的标志性特征之一是世界城市人口的增长.其中,1900年仅有5至6个城市区域拥有百万人口,而1990年这个数字达到286,最近的增长主要集中在亚洲、南美和非洲的经济快速增长地区(Gilbert et al, 1996).这些城市的增长为如何实现最有效的治理带来很多的问题,不仅仅是管理已有的城市人口,更在于如何调控未来的发展压力.本文试图介绍欧洲的百万城市之一--伦敦在20世纪中后期规划与发展演化的脉络,并分析其为保持作为欧洲的一个真正的全球性城市的地位,如何在21世纪初回应所遇到的挑战.
Secure Blockchain-Based Communication Scheme for Connected Vehicles (2018)

Autonomous connected vehicles are a main concept in the future of Intelligent Transportation Systems (ITS) since they provide an increase in safety and road efficiency. The management and coordination of the connected vehicles is based on periodic communications among the vehicles involved in the network, and with their surrounding environment. However, a major concern regarding this information sharing process is how to provide a secure transmission while fulfilling the latency requirements. Here we propose the use of a joint paradigm to securely manage the inter-vehicular communications. First, a ring-signature based scheme is applied to verify the identity of the vehicles joining the network. Second, the information is shared among the vehicles and consensually verified using a blockchain-based mechanism using secure communication channels created by multi-party smart contracts. The proposed protocol fulfills the stringent requirements in latency for vehicular networks by means of almost instantaneous communications while providing an anonymous secure system for the members of the network relying on cryptographic primitives.
Exploring Agentic Treatments for Anxiety and Depression (2018)

Agency and mental illness are hypothesized to be related. Agency may contribute to mental illness (specifically, anxiety and depression) by impacting the amount of choices in one’s life (LeMoyne & Buchanan, 2011; Schwartz, 2004). Effective treatment for the mentally ill targets causes of mental disorders, so if agency is related to mental illnesses, then it logically should be incorporated in treatment. Agentic treatment, which consists of any form of treatment that explicitly acknowledges the importance and the reality of agency, has been shown to be effective (Myers, 2016; Patterson et al., 2016; Slife, 2004). Effective agentic treatment includes autonomy groups (to support and strengthen the autonomy of an individual), treatment of alexithymia (a subgroup of autonomy), existentialism (with an emphasis on agency), and theistic existentialism (with an emphasis on agency and spirituality) (Bartz, 2009; Bekker & Croon, 2010; Craig, Vos, Cooper, & Correia, 2016; Eick, 2014; Hungr, Ogrodniczuk, & Sochting, 2016; Piltch, 2016; Rutten et al., 2016). As the effectiveness of these approaches is better explored, utilizing them in treatment for the mentally ill will likely be beneficial.
Recent Advances toward High‐Efficiency Halide Perovskite Light‐Emitting Diodes: Review and Perspective (2018)

Abstract Organic–inorganic halide perovskite materials have attracted significant attention during the last few years because of their superior properties for electronic and optoelectronic devices, such as their long charge‐carrier diffusion lengths and high photoluminescence quantum yields of up to 100% with tunable bandgaps over the entire visible spectral range. In addition to solar cells, light‐emitting diodes represent a fascinating application for halide perovskite materials. Here, the recent progress relating to halide perovskite LEDs is reviewed. The current strategies for improving the performance of halide LEDs, focusing on morphological engineering, dimensional engineering, compositional engineering, surface passivation, interfacial engineering, and the plasmonic effect are discussed. The challenges and perspectives for the future development of halide perovskite LEDs are also considered.
Automatic extraction of framework-specific models from framework-based application code (2007)

Framework-specific models represent the design of pplicationcode from the framework viewpoint by showing how framework-provided concepts are implemented in the code. In this paper, we describe an experimental study of the static analyses necessary to automatically retrieve such models from application code. We reverse engineer a number of applications based on three open-source frameworks and evaluate the quality of the retrieved models. The models are expressed using framework-specific modeling languages(FSMLs), each designed for one of the open-source frameworks. For reverse engineering, we use prototype implementations of the three FSMLs. Our results show that for the considered frameworks rather simple code analysesare sufficient for automatically retrieving framework-specific models form a large body of application code with high precision and recall
An Efficient Method for Synthesis of Tofacitinib Citrate (2015)

An efficient and mild synthetic method was developed for tofacitinib citrate from 3‐amino‐4‐methylpyridine and 4‐chloro‐7 H ‐pyrrolo[2,3‐d]pyrimidine. The related reactions were systematically optimized. Sodium hydride instead of potassium tert ‐butoxide employed in the methoxycarbonylation reaction of compound 9 made the reaction proceed effectively to present compound 8 in a better yield. The replacement of benzaldehyde with benzyl bromide simplified the protection process of amino group. Red‐Al provided a cost‐effective method for the reduction of amides. The introduction of tosyl group into compound 10 enhanced the nucleophilic substitution of 10 with compound 4 dramatically. Thus, under the optimized conditions, tofacitinib citrate was obtained in 13.3% yield (based on compound 9 ) with a purity of 99.9%, much better than the reported yield 8.6%. This cost‐effective and environmental friendly process is more suitable for scale‐up production.
First-principles study of adsorption, diffusion, and charge stability of metal adatoms on alkali halide surfaces (2008)

In this work we have performed first-principles calculations based on the spin-polarized density-functional theory for the adsorption and diffusion of Au, Ag, and Pb atoms on NaCl(001), KCl(001), and KBr(001) surfaces. We consider also the influence of adatom charge on the adsorption and diffusion. In order to characterize the different systems we explicitly calculate charge transfer between surface and adatom and consider the relative stability of the various charge states. Our results show that in general, apart from positively charged systems, the adatoms are weakly bound to the surface via orbital polarization and ionic interactions, and relatively little charge transfer occurs. Au and Ag adatoms are highly mobile on all surfaces, although they can be pinned by removal of an electron. In contrast, Pb adatoms are fairly immobile, and their mobility increases upon charging. Analysis of the charge stability suggests that Ag offers the potential of charge controlled mobility on insulators.
Synthesis of pyrido[2,3‐<i>d</i>]pyrimidines from aminopyrimidinecarbaldehydes (1998)

Abstract 2‐Methoxy‐4‐amino‐5‐pyrimidinecarbaldehyde ( 2a ) as well as its 6‐methyl 2b and 6‐phenyl derivatives 2c were prepared by reduction of the corresponding aminopyrimidinecarbonitriles 1 . Catalytic hydrogenation of 1a, 1b gives 5‐hydroxymethylpyrimidines 3a, 3b ; under the same conditions 1c afforded 5‐aminomethylpyrimidine 4 . Condensation of 2 with carbonitriles, ketones and polyfunctional carbonyl compounds bearing the ‐CH 2 CO‐ moiety afforded the pyrido[2,3‐ d ]pyrimidines and pyrimido‐[4,5‐ b ]quinoline derivatives.
HIV-1 Nef Disrupts Antigen Presentation Early in the Secretory Pathway (2005)

Human immunodeficiency virus, type 1 Nef disrupts viral antigen presentation and promotes viral immune evasion from cytotoxic T lymphocytes. There is evidence that Nef acts early in the secretory pathway to redirect major histocompatibility complex class I (MHC-I) from the trans-Golgi network to the endolysosomal pathway. However, a competing model suggests that Nef acts much later by accelerating MHC-I turnover at the cell surface. Here we demonstrate that Nef targets early forms of MHC-I molecules in the endoplasmic reticulum by preferentially binding hypophosphorylated cytoplasmic tails. The Nef-MHC-I complex migrates normally into the Golgi apparatus but subsequently fails to arrive at the cell surface and become phosphorylated. Cell type-specific differences in the rate of MHC-I transport through the secretory pathway correlate with responsiveness to Nef and co-precipitation of adaptor protein 1 with the Nef.MHC-I complex. We propose that the assembly of a Nef.MHC-I.adaptor protein 1 complex early in the secretory pathway is important for Nef activity.
Distribution of Intravascular and Extravascular Extracellular Volume Fractions by Total Area under Curve for Neovascularization Assessment by Dynamic Contrast-Enhanced Magnetic Resonance Imaging (2014)

In this paper, we propose and investigate distribution of intravascular and extravascular extracellular volume fractions (DIEEF) as a noninvasive biomarker for neovascularization assessment by dynamic contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (DCE-MRI). A generalized two-compartment exchange model (G2CXM) that uniformly includes the Patlak model, Tofts model, extended Tofts model, and recent two-compartment exchange model as special instances is first presented. Based on the total area under curve of the G2CXM a method of DIEEF estimation without knowing the artery input function is proposed. The mean square error of DIEEF estimate in the presence of noise and with incomplete DCE-MRI data is analyzed. Simulation results demonstrate that DIEEF estimate is accurate when signal to noise ratio is only 5 dB in both cases of tracer infusion and bolus injection, and slightly favors the bolus injection. Tested on a model of atherosclerotic rabbits, the DIEEF of aorta plaques is positively correlated with the histological neovessel count with correlation coefficient of 0.940 and P = 0.017, and outperforms six semiquantitative parameters in the literature. DIEEF might be useful as a biomarker for noninvasive neovascularization assessment by DCE-MRI.