gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
THE USE OF SODIUM HYPOCHLORITE AS OVICIDE AGAINST AEDES ALBOPICTUS (2006)

We describe the ovicidal action of a 3.75% (w/v) sodium hypochlorite solution on the eggs of Aedes albopictus (Skuse). The effectiveness of this ovicide has also been confirmed by a field trial. On the basis of the data collected in the city of Bologna, Italy, we hypothesize a relationship between the numerical increase of the Ae. albopictus eggs laid and the reduced daily variation of the relative humidity, facilitating the possibility of planning ovicidal treatments.
PHARYNGEAL AIRWAY OBSTRUCTION IN OBSTRUCTIVE SLEEP APNEA (1998)

In obstructive sleep apnea, airflow obstruction is caused by pharyngeal collapse. Current evidence suggests that anatomic alterations predispose to pharyngeal collapse. This article examines the role of structures that elongate and dilate the pharynx in maintaining pharyngeal patency. Their influence on pharyngeal collapsibility is considered. Insights gained are then presented within a conceptual framework that can be used for treating patients.
Lateral p/sup +//p regrown base contacts for AlGaAs/InGaAs HBTs with extremely thin base layers (1996)

Summary form only given. Selective regrowth of heavily C-doped p+-GaAs contact layers drastically reduces base resistance Rg of HBTs, giving high-f/sub max/ above 200 GHz for HBTs with planar p/sup +//p regrown contact (PC) structures. This paper describes an advanced regrown base structure with high process controllability as well as excellent microwave performance. In this structure, the regrown contact layer is in lateral contact (LC) with an intrinsic base layer and enables the access to extremely thin base layers without delicate base exposure processes, This LC structure was used for HBTs with thin (60, 40 nm-thick) graded-InGaAs base layers for the first time. Excellent device performance was achieved: a dc current gain more than 100, a base transit time /spl tau//sub B/ shorter than 0.2 ps, and an f/sub max/ of 208 GHz. Unlike the PC structure, the LC structure with the thin and graded base has a reduced contact area and GaAs/InGaAs heterostructure interface. To evaluate the effect of this LC structure on device performance, detailed analysis was carried out on the contact resistance and recombination current at the regrowth interface.
Fabrication of nano-patterned sapphire substrates and their application to the improvement of the performance of GaN-based LEDs (2008)

Nano-patterned sapphire substrates (NPSSs) were fabricated by a chemical wet etching technology using nano-sized SiO2 as masks. The NPSS was applied to improve the performance of GaN-based light emitting diodes (LEDs). GaN-based LEDs on NPSSs were grown by metal organic chemical vapour deposition. The characteristics of LEDs grown on NPSSs and conventional planar sapphire substrates were studied. The light output powers of the LEDs fabricated on NPSSs were considerably enhanced compared with that of the conventional LEDs grown on planar sapphire substrates.
Improving suboptimal temperature tolerance in maize- the search for variation (1996)

Temperature is the primary determining factor for the productivity of maize hybrids (both grain and silage), grown in cool climates such as the northern USA, Canada and northern Europe. Considerable genetic variation exists for several of the component traits controlling tolerance/sensitivity. Furthermore, gene delivery and deployment technologies such as transformation and marker assisted selection are becoming routine tools in commercial plant breeding programmes. This paper will introduce some of the approaches being taken to identify specific genes involved in conferring tolerance to suboptimal temperatures, and the complexities involved in engineering a tolerance package which will result in improved field performance.
Pyridine•BrF<sub>3</sub>, the Missing Link for Clean Fluorinations of Aromatic Derivatives (2012)

This work demonstrates the unique features of the never used before Py•BrF(3) complex in the field of aromatic organic fluorinations. The main disadvantage of the noncomplexed BrF(3) is the fact that usually, in addition to the desired fluorination, a parallel electrophilic aromatic bromination takes place as well. Use of the Py•BrF(3) complex reduces this electrophilic bromination, which is observed with most reagents based on fluorine and bromine [BrF].
Fast photomultiplier tube gating system for photon counting applications (1998)

A normally “on” linear-focused 14-stage end-window photomultiplier tube (PMT) (Electron Tubes Limited 9893Q/100B), designed for fast photon counting, has been gated through control of the voltage applied to the first dynode. The gating circuit reduces the gain of the PMT during a laser pulse, in order to discriminate against the detection of scattered light, and then increases the gain promptly to observe extremely low levels of laser-induced fluorescence (LIF). An extinction factor for the laser scattered photons of &gt;105 was observed, and has enabled count rates for photons due to LIF as low as 1 Hz to be measured for a laser pulse-repetition frequency of 7 kHz. The rise of the PMT gain is monitored directly by observation of the fluorescence using time-resolved photon counting, and the PMT turn-on time is 30 ns. No significant distortion of the temporal profile of the fluorescence was observed during PMT turn-on. The system, which can also be operated in ungated mode, is rugged and reliable, and has been employed outdoors during atmospheric field measurements of the hydroxyl radical using LIF. The gating circuit is suitable for the rejection of laser scattered light in applications with extremely low levels of fluorescence on the submicrosecond timescale.
Synergistic Effect of Pd(II) and Acid Catalysts on Tandem Annulation Reaction for the Regioselective Synthesis of Ring-Fused Quinolines (2010)

This work was supported by National Research Foundation of Korea Grant funded by the Korean Government (No. R01-2008-000-20332-0 & 2009-0063856). We are grateful to BK21 Foundation for generous support.
Pattern recognition prototyping tool (2002)

The Rapid Application Prototyping Tool for Object Recognition (RAPTOR) has been developed to assist system developers in the evaluation of template matching pattern recognition systems prior to hardware development. The tool consists of two parts: a hardware simulation and additional functionality to assist in the development process. The hardware simulation, based on the Litton electro-optical processor, consists of nine servers that can be used for various levels of system simulation. The support functionality consists of data base management and pattern recognition template generation tools. RAPTOR is designed for Intel (or compatible) based computers running Microsoft's Windows 95 or Windows NT 4.0 operating system. The system exploits Microsoft's Distributed Component Object Model (COM) technology. Sample results from three RAPTOR simulation applications are presented.
Construction of Covalent Organic Framework for Catalysis: Pd/COF-LZU1 in Suzuki–Miyaura Coupling Reaction (2011)

Covalent organic frameworks (COFs) are crystalline porous solids with well-defined two- or three-dimensional molecular structures. Although the structural regularity provides this new type of porous material with high potentials in catalysis, no example has been presented so far. Herein, we report the first application of a new COF material, COF-LZU1, for highly efficient catalysis. The easily prepared imine-linked COF-LZU1 possesses a two-dimensional eclipsed layered-sheet structure, making its incorporation with metal ions feasible. Via a simple post-treatment, a Pd(II)-containing COF, Pd/COF-LZU1, was accordingly synthesized, which showed excellent catalytic activity in catalyzing the Suzuki-Miyaura coupling reaction. The superior utility of Pd/COF-LZU1 in catalysis was elucidated by the broad scope of the reactants and the excellent yields (96-98%) of the reaction products, together with the high stability and easy recyclability of the catalyst. We expect that our approach will further boost research on designing and employing functional COF materials for catalysis.
Automatic 'try and verify' circuit to investigate the reliability of memory switching in amorphous materials (1975)

The high and low impedance switching pulses can be triggered up to a repetition rate of 1 kHz, synchronously sampling the resistivity of the specimen after each switching pulse. If a failure in one switching direction is observed, the subsequent reverse switching pulse is suppressed and pulses for the failure direction only are applied (multitry technique) until switching is achieved, whereupon the normal alternating set and reset operation is automatically reinitiated. An automatic interrupt is suggested as a supplement to discontinue the test procedure after 16 successive switching failures. With this arrangement, the reliability of SiO films sandwiched between a Co-Ag electrode pair was investigated.
Glycosylation Variants of a β-Glucosidase Secreted by a Taiwanese Fungus, Chaetomella raphigera, Exhibit Variant-Specific Catalytic and Biochemical Properties (2014)

Cellulosic biomass is an abundant and promising energy source. To make cellulosic biofuels competitive against conventional fuels, conversion of rigid plant materials into sugars must become efficient and cost-effective. During cellulose degradation, cellulolytic enzymes generate cellobiose (β-(1→4)-glucose dimer) molecules, which in turn inhibit such enzymes by negative feedback. β-Glucosidases (BGLs) cleave cellobiose into glucose monomers, assisting overall cellulolytic activities. Therefore, BGLs are essential for efficient conversion of cellulosic biomass into biofuels, and it is important to characterize newly isolated BGLs for useful traits. Here, we report our discovery that the indigenous Taiwanese fungus Chaetomella raphigera strain D2 produces two molecular weight variants of a single BGL, D2-BGL (shortened to "D2"), which differ in O-glycosylation. The more extensively O-glycosylated form of native D2 (nD2L) has increased activity toward the natural substrate, cellobiose, compared to the less O-glycosylated form (nD2S). nD2L is more stable at 60°C, in acidic pH, and in the presence of the ionic detergent sodium dodecyl sulfate than nD2S. Furthermore, unlike nD2S, nD2L does not display substrate inhibition by an artificial substrate p-nitrophenyl glucopyranoside (pNPG), and the glucose feedback inhibition kinetics of nD2L is competitive (while it is non-competitive for nD2S), suggesting that these two glycovariants of D2 bind substrates differently. Interestingly, D2 produced in a heterologous system, Pichia pastoris, closely mimics properties of nD2S. Our studies suggest that O-glycosylation of D2 is important in determining its catalytic and biochemical properties.
Understanding the Zero-Strain Lithium Insertion Scheme of Li[Li<sub>1/3</sub>Ti<sub>5/3</sub>]O<sub>4</sub>: Structural Changes at Atomic Scale Clarified by Raman Spectroscopy (2014)

Lithium titanium oxide Li[Li1/3Ti5/3]O4 (LTO) is regarded as an ideal electrode material for lithium-ion batteries because of its “zero-strain” characteristic, high thermal stability, and structural stability. Here, the zero-strain means that the change in cubic lattice parameter is negligibly small during charge and discharge reactions. We performed ex situ Raman spectroscopy on Li1+x[Li1/3Ti5/3]O4 samples with 0 ≤ x ≤ 0.94 to gain information about the relationship between a zero-strain reaction scheme and structural change at the atomic scale. The x = 0 (initial) sample exhibits three major Raman bands at 671, 426, and 231 cm–1 and six minor Raman bands at 751, 510, 400, 344, 264, and 146 cm–1. According to Raman spectroscopy results on other lithium titanium oxides such as Li2TiO3 and TiO2, the Raman bands at 510, 400, and 146 cm–1 are attributed to TiO2 anatase, which is used as a starting material. As x increases from 0 to 0.94, the two major Raman bands at 426 and 231 cm–1 show a blue shift, while the major Raman band at 671 cm–1 maintains frequency. The three major Raman bands at 671, 423, and 231 cm–1 are assigned to the A1g mode of symmetric stretching vibration νsym(Ti–O), the Eg mode of asymmetric stretching vibration νasym(Li–O), and the F2g mode of bending vibration δ(Ti–O), respectively. Thus, the change in the Raman spectrum with x indicates that the bond length between the Ti and O atoms in the TiO6 octahedron is independent of x, while that between the Li and O atoms in the LiO6 octahedron and the bond angle between the Ti and O atoms in the TiO6 octahedron change with x. Raman studies with decreasing x from 0.94 to 0.10 clarified that such local structural changes are reversible, as in the case for the electrochemical reaction. The zero-strain insertion scheme is discussed from the perspective of Raman spectroscopy.
Solution‐Phase Peptide Synthesis (2010)

This chapter contains sections titled: Principle of Peptide Synthesis Protection Procedures Chain Elongation Procedures Final Deprotection Methods References
Targeting the glial-derived neurotrophic factor and related molecules for controlling normal and pathologic pain (2015)

In nociceptive pathways, an ideal drug should either: i) target the release of endogenous GFLs from large dense-cored vesicles (LGVs) by acting, for example, onto the phosphatidylinositol-3-phosphate [PtdIns(3)P] pool, which is sensitive to Ca(2+) modulation, or ii) target the GFL receptor complex. Besides XIB403, a tiol molecule that enhances GFRα family receptor signaling, existing drugs such as retinoic acid and amitriptyline should be considered for effective targeting of GDNF, at least in neuropathic pain. The approach of pain modeling in experimental animals is discussed.
Optimizing PCR primers targeting the bacterial 16S ribosomal RNA gene (2018)

Results show that our strategy is able to find better primer pairs than the ones available in the literature according to all three optimization criteria. We also experimentally validated three of the primer pairs identified by our method on multiple bacterial species, belonging to different genera and phyla. Results confirm the predicted efficiency and the ability to maximize the number of different bacterial 16S sequences matched by primers.
Evaluation of fluorine-18-BPA-fructose for boron neutron capture treatment planning. (1997)

Knowledge of the biodistribution of BPA-Fr enables pre-BNCT calculation of expected tissue dosimetry for a selected dose of BPA-Fr at a specific neutron exposure. Fluorine-18-BPA-Fr PET is capable of providing in vivo BPA-Fr biodistribution data that may prove valuable for patient selection and pre-BNCT treatment planning.
1,2‐Epoxycarotinoide. 4. Mitteilung. Synthese, <sup>1</sup>H‐NMR‐ und CD‐Studien von (<i>S</i>)‐1,2‐Epoxy‐1,2‐dihydrolycopin und (<i>S</i>)‐1′,2′‐Epoxy‐1′,2′‐dihydro‐γ‐carotin (1984)

1,2‐Epoxycarotenoids: Synthesis, 1 H‐NMR and CD Studies of (S) ‐1,2‐Epoxy‐1,2‐dihydrolycopene and (S) ‐1′,2′‐Epoxy‐1′, 2′ ‐dihydro‐γ‐carotene The synthesis of ( S )‐1,2‐epoxy‐1,2‐dihydrolycopene ( (S) ‐ 1 ) and ( S )‐1′, 2′ ‐epoxy‐ 1′, 2′ ‐dihydro‐γ‐carotene ( (S) ‐ 2 ) are described. The CD spectra of the (all‐ E )‐isomers and of the isomers (7Z, S )‐ 1 and (7′ Z , S )‐ 2 are discussed. The comparison of the CD spectra of the synthetic ( S )‐ 1 and the compound isolated from the tomatoes proves the ( S )‐configuration of the natural product.
Locally Refined Collision Detection of Large Scale Complex Polygonal Meshes in Distributed Virtual Environments (2006)

This paper presents a new locally refined collision detection approach for large scale complex meshes in distributed virtual environments (DVEs) where exact and interactive interference detection is required. Transmitting models with millions of polygons is time consuming in comparison with transmitting simple models. Even if the models are transmitted in progressive manner, the earlier received models are in low level-of-detail (LOD) because the models are refined globally. Increasing the accuracy of collision detection (CD) at the client still takes time because increasing the LOD of the model is a slow process. The new approach is composed of an AB-tree collision query algorithm and a new mesh refinement algorithm on a space partitioned mesh (SPM) representation. It deals with this problem by selectively refining the models at certain areas that are predicted to collide with other objects and transmitting the refined parts instead of the entire model from server to client. The accuracy of CD is increased quickly at the predicted contact areas. An interactive rate is guaranteed by reducing network response time and dynamically adjusting the complexity and the space cost of the collision query algorithm
Prediction of Air-Water Two-Phase Flow Performance of a Centrifugal Pump Based on One-Dimensional Two-Fluid Model (1998)

To predict the performance of centrifugal pumps under air-water two-phase flow conditions, a consistent one-dimensional two-fluid model with fluid viscosity and air-phase compressibility in a rotating impeller is proposed by considering energy changes in the transitional flow from the rotating impeller to the stationary volute casing. The two-fluid model is numerically solved for the case of a radial-flow pump after various constitutive equations are applied. The head and shaft power predicted are found to agree well with the measured values within ±20 percent of the rated flow capacity.
First Detection of blaIMP-1 in clinical isolated multiresistant acinetobacter baumannii from Korea (2006)

Among 46 Acinetobacter baumannii isolates collected in 2004, two imipenem-resistant isolates were obtained from clinical specimens taken from patients hospitalized in Busan, Republic of Korea. Two carbapenemase-producing isolates were further investigated to determine the mechanism of resistance. These isolates were analyzed by antibiotic susceptibility testing, microbiological tests of carbapenemase activity, determination of pi, transconjugation test, enterobacterial repetitive consensus (ERIC)-PCR, and DNA sequencing. Two cases of infection by A. baumannii producing the IMP-1 (3-lactamase were detected. The isolates were characterized by a modified cloverleaf synergy test and EDTA-disk synergy test. Isoelectric focusing of crude bacterial extracts revealed nitrocefin-positive bands with a pi value of 9.0. PCR amplification and characterization of the amplicons by direct sequencing indicated that the isolates carried a bla IMP-1 determinant. The isolates were characterized by a multidrug resistance phenotype, including penicillins, extended-spectrum cephalosporins, carbapenems, and aminoglycosides. These results indicate that the observed imipenem resistance of two Korean A. baumannii isolates was due to the spread of an IMP-1-producing clone. Our microbiological test of carbapenemase activity is simple to screen class B metallo-β-lactamase-producing clinical isolates to determine their clinical impact and to prevent further spread. This study shows that the bla IMP-1 resistance determinant, which is emerging in Korea, may become an emerging therapeutic problem, since clinicians are advised not to use extended-spectrum cephalosporins, imipenem, and aminoglycosides. This observation emphasizes the importance of having effective control measures in Asian hospitals, such as early detection of colonized patients, isolation procedures, and a judicious use of antibiotics.
Antigenemia and Antibody Titers to Core and Envelope Antigens in AIDS, AIDS-Related Complex, and Subclinical Human Immunodeficiency Virus Infection (1987)

Journal Article Antigenemia and Antibody Titers to Core and Envelope Antigens in AIDS, AIDS-Related Complex, and Subclinical Human Immunodeficiency Virus Infection Get access Jaap Goudsmit, Jaap Goudsmit Department of Virology, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; and Hepatitis/AIDS Research, Abbott Laboratories Diagnostic Division, North Chicago, Illinois Please address requests for reprints to Dr. J. Goudsmit, Department of Virology, Academic Medical Center, Room Ll-153, Meibergdreef 15, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, the Netherlands. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Joep M. A. Lange, Joep M. A. Lange Department of Virology, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; and Hepatitis/AIDS Research, Abbott Laboratories Diagnostic Division, North Chicago, Illinois Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Deborah A. Paul, Deborah A. Paul Department of Virology, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; and Hepatitis/AIDS Research, Abbott Laboratories Diagnostic Division, North Chicago, Illinois Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar George J. Dawson George J. Dawson Department of Virology, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; and Hepatitis/AIDS Research, Abbott Laboratories Diagnostic Division, North Chicago, Illinois Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar The Journal of Infectious Diseases, Volume 155, Issue 3, March 1987, Pages 558–560, https://doi.org/10.1093/infdis/155.3.558 Published: 01 March 1987 Article history Received: 09 June 1986 Revision received: 02 September 1986 Published: 01 March 1987
Image based rendering using rational filters (2002)

Image based rendering is a powerful technique for 3D object visualization and representation. Using this approach, arbitrary object or scene views are generated automatically from a small set of real reference images. An algorithm for image based rendering using stereo image pairs is presented. The main goal is to produce a realistic 3D 'continuous look-around' effect along the stereo baseline. To minimize the distortion of the reconstructed pixels due to undefined disparity values, a nonlinear interpolator is proposed. It uses the sparse available disparity map to generate a dense field that partially reconstructs original disparity edge information, producing a sharper intermediate view. The identification of occluded and non-occluded areas is also used to aid the view synthesis process. A special treatment for occluded image areas is also considered in the proposed technique. Several computer experiments have been conducted to assess the performance of the presented method.
The conception of distributed application and the fieldbus configuration: a concurrent engineering vision (2002)

This paper presents some properties which must be verified by a distributed application project in order to make good use of fieldbuses. In general, application and network projects are developed by different people, therefore a good interaction must be reached. With the aim of doing that, concurrent engineering has been more and more used. A specification methodology (internal behavioral and conceptual configuration models) of a real-time distributed application is presented, based on both concurrent engineering and network transparency concept, which offers all necessary information to the network project.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
A rate-transparent, self-clocking line code (1987)

A reliable and economical new transmission code is presented with the following properties: zero dc content, baseband bandwidth conservation, self-clocking capability, and data-rate-transparent decoding and synchronization. Simple encoder/decoder and clock extractor circuits are given. The code is demonstrated in a wavelength-multiplexed fiber-optic communication system.
Efficacy and safety of mirikizumab ( <scp>LY</scp> 3074828) in the treatment of moderate‐to‐severe plaque psoriasis: results from a randomized phase <scp>II</scp> study (2019)

At week 16, 67% of patients treated with mirikizumab 300 mg at 8-week intervals achieved PASI 90. The percentage of patients reporting at least one treatment-emergent adverse event was similar among patients treated with placebo or mirikizumab.