gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Broadly neutralizing antibodies for HIV-1: efficacies, challenges and opportunities (2020)

Combination antiretroviral therapy (cART) is effective but not curative, and no successful vaccine is currently available for human immunodeficiency virus-1 (HIV-1). Broadly neutralizing antibodies (bNAbs) provide a new approach to HIV-1 prevention and treatment, and these promising candidates advancing into clinical trials have shown certain efficacies in infected individuals. In addition, bNAbs have the potential to kill HIV-1-infected cells and to affect the course of HIV-1 infection by directly engaging host immunity. Nonetheless, challenges accompany the use of bNAbs, including transient suppression of viraemia, frequent emergence of resistant viruses in rebound viraemia, suboptimal efficacy in virus cell-to-cell transmission, and unclear effects on the cell-associated HIV-1 reservoir. In this review, we discuss opportunities and potential strategies to address current challenges to promote the future use of immunotherapy regimens.
8-Mop/uva Inhibits Maturation Of Extracorporeal Photochemotherapy (ecp) Generated Dendritic Cells (2011)

Extracorporeal photochemotherapy (ECP), a cellular therapy involving a light activated drug, is FDA approved for the treatment of Cutaneous T-cell lymphoma (CTCL) and used for reversal of Graft-versus-Host Disease (GHVD) and solid organ transplant rejection. The mechanism by which ECP functions as an immunomodulating treatment is unknown, although work by our lab and others suggests ECP generates functional Dendritic cells (DC) that may be involved in tolerization. Both radiation and chemotherapy have been shown to be involved in generation of tolerizing DC, and so we hypothesized that UVA activated chemotherapy 8-Methoxypsoralen (8MOP) exposure induces a tolerizing phenotype in ECP generated DC. In this study, normal donor peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) were treated in an in vitro model of the ECP apparatus, and collected (no8MOP/UVA sample) or treated with 8MOP (100ng/ml), UVA (2J/cm) (8MOP/UVA sample). We measured phenotype and functionality of generated cells by two-color flow cytometry and functional assays. In all populations, we noted a statistically significant increase in percentage of cells staining double positive for DC markers (HLA-DR+/CD83+) 18 hours post treatment. 8MOP/UVA treatment reduced expression of mature DC markers (membrane HLA-DR/CD83) and costimulatory molecules (CD80/CD86) when compared to no8MOP/UVA and positive control DC, and failed to stimulate CD4+Tcells in antigen presenting assay. These data suggest 8MOP/UVA exposure during ECP inhibits DC maturation and induces a tolerizing phenotype. These tolerizing DC may play a role in the immunosuppressive effects of ECP in the treatment of GVHD and solid organ transplant rejection.
The Athena-OAWL Doppler Wind Lidar Mission (2016)

With the objective of providing tropospheric wind profile data over the mid-latitude oceans and tropics for data-starved weather forecast models, the Earth Venture Instrument (EV-I) Mission concept “Atmospheric Transport, Hurricanes, and Extratropical Numerical weAther prediction with the Optical Autocovariance Wind Lidar” (ATHENA-OAWL) was proposed in November 2013. The mission concept is described here along with a brief history of the OAWL system development and current development of an ATHENA-OAWL airborne demonstrator under NASA’s Venture Technology development.
A pareto-efficient algorithm for multiple objective optimization in e-commerce recommendation (2019)

Recommendation with multiple objectives is an important but difficult problem, where the coherent difficulty lies in the possible conflicts between objectives. In this case, multi-objective optimization is expected to be Pareto efficient, where no single objective can be further improved without hurting the others. However existing approaches to Pareto efficient multi-objective recommendation still lack good theoretical guarantees.
Hydration measurements of the stratum corneum: comparison between the capacitance method (digital version of the <scp>C</scp>orneometer <scp>CM</scp> 825<sup>®</sup>) and the impedance method (<scp>S</scp>kicon‐200<scp>EX</scp><sup>®</sup>) (2011)

Both instruments allow a certain calibration and both give good estimates of the SC hydration.
Deformation Behavior of Thick Aluminum Wire during Ultrasonic Bonding (2013)

The deformation behavior of thick Al wires and the expansion behavior of the bond area during ultrasonic wedge bonding to Al–Si, Si and SiO2 substrates were measured simultaneously in detail with a high-speed measuring system. The deformation of the wire by the application of the bonding force is completed immediately. The deformation restarts by the application of the ultrasonic vibration. The deformation induced by applying the bonding force consists of only elastic component, whereas that by ultrasonic vibration consists of only plastic component. The Al wire is not work-hardened by the plastic deformation during application of ultrasonic vibration. The adhered area expands to the direction perpendicular to the ultrasonic vibration. The evolution of the wire deformation behavior and the expansion of the adhered area show an intimate correlation with each other.
Physical Mobile Interactions: Mobile Devices as Pervasive Mediators for Interactions with the Real World (2007)

So far, mobile devices have mainly been used for interactions between the user, the device and the used service without considering the context of use. However, during the last years we have seen a huge interest in industry and academia in using mobile devices for interactions with things, places and people in the real world, termed physical mobile interactions in this thesis. Until now there has been no comprehensive analysis of these interaction techniques and no user studies have been conducted to analyze when which interaction technique is preferred by which users. Furthermore there is no comprehensive framework available which can be reused by application developers to integrate such interactions into their applications, and no specific methods and best practices have been reported that can be of use when developing physical mobile interactions and applications. This dissertation presents the first comprehensive analysis and classification of physical mobile interactions. Furthermore a mature framework was developed that provides various implementations of four different interaction techniques. These four physical mobile interaction techniques were then used in five different prototypes and analysed in five different user studies. The results concern the advantages and disadvantages of these interaction techniques as seen by potential users. This work also reports experiences, guidelines, methods and best practices that simplify the process of developing physical mobile interactions and applications. Furthermore this dissertation provides an analysis of privacy aspects in mobile interactions with public displays, presents the novel interaction technique rotating compass and the first concept of using the mobile device for direct touch-based interaction with dynamic displays.
Closely Mounted Mobile Handset MIMO Antenna for LTE 13 Band Application (2014)

A compact (60 × 15 × 5 mm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3</sup> ) mobile handset multiple-input-multiple-output (MIMO) antenna for LTE 13 band (746-787 MHz) applications is proposed. The antenna consists of two symmetrical planar inverted-F antennas (PIFAs) in conjunction with a T-shaped common radiator. Without using any additional coupling elements between these closely mounted antennas, both high isolation ( > 17 dB) and low envelope correlation coefficient (ECC <; 0.05 ) are achieved. The low ECC is achieved by using diagonally orthogonal radiation patterns from optimized locations of the MIMO antenna feeds and elements. Low mutual coupling achieved by using the T-shaped common radiator gives rise to the high isolation.
Characteristics of T-cell receptor repertoire and myelin-reactive T cells reconstituted from autologous haematopoietic stem-cell grafts in multiple sclerosis (2004)

Multiple sclerosis is thought to involve aberrant immune responses to myelin autoantigens. Haematopoietic stem-cell transplantation (HSCT) is in clinical trials for progressive multiple sclerosis based on the rationale that it destroys aberrant immune system, while recapitulation of lymphocyte ontogeny might alter the immune system and slow down disease progression. This study was undertaken to analyse characteristics of the T-cell receptor (TCR) repertoire, serum cytokine prole and the T-cell responses to myelin basic protein (MBP) in the reconstituted immune system in progressive multiple sclerosis. The study revealed that, following autologous HSCT, the T-cell immunity recovered in two distinctive phases. The rst phase was characterized by limited T-cell immunity as a result of selective expansion of pre-existing T cells commonly expressing the TCR b chain variable region (TCR BV) 20 and increased serum cytokine production during the rst several months. The second phase of T-cell reconstitution coincided with increased thymic T-cell output 912 months after HSCT. T cells reconstituted from stem-cell grafts had the distinctive properties of comprehensive T-cell immunity and a broad TCR repertoire. T cells recognizing MBP were initially depleted by immunoablation and rapidly expanded from the reconstituted T-cell repertoire in 12 months. The reconstituted MBPreactive T cells exhibited a broader epitope recognition repertoire while maintaining the same skewed reactivity pattern compared with that seen at baseline. The ndings have important implications in the understanding of the role of HSCT as a potential treatment for multiple sclerosis.
Asymmetric Versus Symmetric Pulses for Cortical Microstimulation (2011)

Intracortical microstimulation (ICMS), which has shown promise in the visual, auditory and somatosensory systems as a platform for sensory prostheses, typically relies on charged balanced, symmetric, biphasic stimulation. However, neural stimulation models as well as experiments conducted in cochlear implant users have suggested that charge balanced asymmetric pulses could generate lower detection thresholds for stimulation in terms of charge per phase. For this study, rats were chronically implanted with microelectrode arrays unilaterally in their right auditory cortex and then trained to detect ICMS delivered through a single electrode site in order to determine their behavioral threshold. This model was used in two experiments. The first experiment addressed the effect of lead phase direction, asymmetry, and phase duration on detection threshold. The second experiment fixed the cathode phase duration at 123 μs and varied only the phase asymmetry and lead phase direction. Taken together, the results of these experiments suggest that, for ICMS, the primary determinant of threshold level is cathode phase duration, and that asymmetry provides no significant advantage when compared to symmetric, cathode leading pulses. However, symmetric anode leading pulses of less than or equal to 205 μs per phase consistently showed higher thresholds when compared to all other pulses of equal cathode phase duration.
SPS v. PPS: Why Military GPS Applications Require 쳌MilitaryŽ GPS (2004)

The beneficial impact of the Global Positioning System (GPS) as a warfighting tool has been well established since its primary inception. A broad array of receivers and integrated systems exploiting its ability to provide highly precise time, position, and thus global navigation has substantially increased the U.S. military’s (and its allies’) accuracy and ultimate efficiency in many areas (such as troop deployment, weapons guidance, and even logistical tracking) with the commercial marketplace being quick to adopt and adapt GPS for non-military applications. The additional costs and complexities inherent in enabling Precise Positioning Service / PPS or “military GPS” operation (by virtue of including decoding circuitry for encrypted code access and other technology to accommodate additional requirements for acquisition in high jamming environments and robustness) as well as the restricted nature of accessing such equipment can often make the low cost, easily obtained commercial Standard Positioning Service (SPS) GPS technology appear desirable for military developments and even operational fielding. Significant issues exist, however, including resultant operational tradeoffs and increased exposure to the specific forms of threat that PPS GPS was (and is being) developed in part to directly counteract. This paper presents a framework for developing an evaluation of SPS and PPS positives and negatives of use within a military operational environment. Several examples of prior SPS inclusion within the military problem space and resulting effects and risks are presented as are PPS-enabled rationales to contrast several of the issues in applying civilian GPS to the warfighter environment. In addition, discussion is presented to further highlight the need for truly equivalent comparisons of systems when evaluating potential commercial GPS integrations versus militarily designed products and systems. The paper is positioned to develop into a primer aimed at assisting the technical developer or program manager for military systems to perform a qualitative GPS evaluation of applicability using the topics presented here.
Diffusion Barrier Properties of Metallorganic Chemical Vapor Deposited Tantalum Nitride Films Against Cu Metallization (1999)

films were deposited by chemical vapor deposition using a pentakis(diethylamido)tantalum (PDEAT) source with and without at temperatures ranging from 300 to 375°C. It was observed that both the resistivity and carbon content of the film drastically decreased upon the addition of . For example, the resistivity decreased from 60,000 to 12,000 μΩ cm, and the apparent carbon content obtained by Auger electron spectroscopy decreased from 30 to 1 atom % by the addition of 25 sccm . The grain size initially increased with the addition of 5 sccm in the source gas, but then decreased as the flow rate was increased to more than 10 sccm. As‐deposited film has a face‐centered cubic structure irrespective of the amount of . The density of the film increased from about 5.1 to (bulk density of TaN: ). Barrier failure results identified by the etch‐pit test showed that a 50 nm thickness of the barrier deposited by a single source of PDEAT survived up to 500°C after 1 h annealing. The film deposited with 25 sccm survived up to 550°C after 1 h annealing. However, the step coverage of the films deposited with is drastically decreased, from more than 80% to less than 10% . Thus, while the addition of significantly improves both the resistivity and carbon content in the film, it deteriorates the step coverage of the film. © 1999 The Electrochemical Society. All rights reserved.
Switched-current techniques for image processing cellular neural networks in MOS VLSI (2003)

An architecture and related building blocks are presented for the realization of image processing tasks using current-mode analog-digital circuits. The architecture is based on the cellular neural network paradigm while implementation is made using switched-current circuit techniques. Since just MOS transistors are required as circuit primitives, the proposed circuits are well suited for standard digital CMOS technologies. Also, the sampled-data nature of switched-current techniques allows for easy incorporation of programmability and reconfigurability issues. Empirical results are given for 1.5- mu m N-well double-metal CMOS prototypes.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Usefulness of a short femur in the in utero detection of skeletal dysplasias. (1990)

In 28 fetuses studied during a 4 1/2-year period, the initial femur was below 2 standard deviations (SDs) of the mean when compared with the biparietal diameter. These fetuses were considered at risk for skeletal dysplasias and were followed up. Studies were performed at a mean gestational age of 26.7 weeks (range, 15.3-41.0 weeks). Group 1 had a femur length 1-4 mm below the 2-SDs line (range, -2.0 to -4.0 SDs); no other abnormalities were detected. Interval examination of 12 femurs showed that 10 either remained shortened to the same degree or had a growth spurt. At birth, all subjects were healthy except one with mild growth retardation and one with a chromosomal abnormality. Of the two subjects that failed to continue normal growth, one was healthy and the other was a heterozygous achondroplastic dwarf. Group 2 had greater femoral shortness; all measurements were more than 5 mm below the 2-SD line (range, -4.3 to -31.0 SDs). All had fetal abnormalities and significant skeletal dysplasias. The authors conclude that the number of millimeters below the 2-SDs line is an accurate, easy criterion for evaluation of femoral length.
<i>hrT</i>is required for cardiovascular development in zebrafish (2002)

The recently identified zebrafish T-box gene hrT is expressed in the developing heart and in the endothelial cells forming the dorsal aorta. Orthologs of hrT are expressed in cardiovascular cells from Drosophila to mouse, suggesting that the function of hrT is evolutionarily conserved. The role of hrT in cardiovascular development, however, has not thus far been determined in any animal model. Using morpholino antisense oligonucleotides, we show that zebrafish embryos lacking hrT function have dysmorphic hearts and an absence of blood circulation. Although the early events in heart formation were normal in hrT morphant embryos, subsequently the hearts failed to undergo looping, and late onset defects in chamber morphology and gene expression were observed. In particular, we found that the loss of hrT function led to a dramatic upregulation of tbx5, a gene required for normal heart morphogenesis. Conversely, we show that overexpression of hrT causes a significant downregulation of tbx5, indicating that one key role of hrT is to regulate the levels of tbx5. Secondly, we found that HrT is required to inhibit the expression of the blood lineage markers gata1 and gata2 in the most posterior lateral plate mesoderm. Finally, we show that HrT is required for vasculogenesis in the trunk, leading to similar vascular defects to those observed in midline mutants such as floating head. hrT expression in the vascular progenitors depends upon midline mesoderm, indicating that this expression is one important component of the response to a midline-derived signal during vascular morphogenesis.
Spreadsheet as a relational database engine (2010)

Spreadsheets are among the most commonly used applications for data management and analysis. Perhaps they are even among the most widely used computer applications of all kinds. However, the spreadsheet paradigm of computation still lacks sufficient analysis.
A comparative study of brain volume changes in Alzheimer's disease using MRI scans (2015)

Alzheimer's (AD) is the most common form of dementia that negatively affects memory, thinking, behavior, and intellectual abilities in one's daily life. The risk of AD increases with age 65 and older although it may appear in people who are in their 40s or 50s. AD has no current cure. There are many ongoing research studies to understanding and treating this disease better. AD, a slowly progressive brain disease, begins well before clinical symptoms emerge. A diagnosis of AD is usually made by primary care physicians based on patient's medical and family history, psychiatric history, and history of cognitive and behavioral changes. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is the most common imaging modality to use to identify brain changes. In this study, MRI scans of 10 individuals without AD and 10 individuals with AD are compared and analyzed based on brain volume. Measurements included the occipital lobe and hippocampal.
Multi-Objective Optimization of Turbofan Design Parameters for an Advanced, Single-Aisle Transport (2010)

Considerable interest surrounds the design of the next generation of single-aisle commercial transports in the Boeing 737 and Airbus A320 class. Aircraft designers will depend on advanced, next-generation turbofan engines to power these airplanes. The focus of this study is to apply singleand multi-objective optimization algorithms to the conceptual design of ultrahigh bypass (UHB) turbofan engines for this class of aircraft, using NASA’s Subsonic Fixed Wing Project goals as multidisciplinary objectives for optimization. The independent propulsion design parameters investigated are aerodynamic design point fan pressure ratio, overall pressure ratio, fan drive system architecture (i.e., director geardriven), bypass nozzle architecture (i.e., fixedor variable-geometry), and the highand lowpressure compressor work split. NASA Project goal metrics – fuel burn, noise, and emissions – are among the parameters treated as dependent objective functions. These optimized solutions provide insight to the UHB engine design process and provide independent information to NASA program management to help guide its technology development efforts. This assessment leverages results from earlier NASA system concept studies conducted in 2008 and 2009, in which UHB turbofans were examined for a notional, nextgeneration, single-aisle transport. The purpose of these NASA UHB engine concept studies is to determine if the fuel consumption and noise benefits of engines having lower fan pressure ratios (and correspondingly higher bypass ratios) translate into overall aircraft system-level benefits for a 737 class vehicle.
Constructing a pulsar timing array (1990)

Arrival time data from a spatial array of millisecond pulsars can be used (1) to provide a time standard for long time scales, (2) to detect perturbations of the earth's orbit, and (3) to search for a cosmic background of gravitational radiation. A polynomial time series representation for these three effects is first developed that is appropriate for analysis of the present data with its limited degrees of freedom. A pulsar timing array program is then described that has been established at the National Radio Astronomy Observatory 43 m telescope with observations of PSR 1620 - 26, PSR 181 - 24, and PSR 1937 + 21. The results cover a 2 yr period beginning in July 1987. The influence of global parameters - clock, earth location, and effects of gravitational radiation is discussed in the context of the polynomial model.
Titelei/Inhaltsverzeichnis (2023)

Welche Auswirkungen haben frühe traumatische Erfahrungen – unerträgliche Hilflosigkeit, namenlose Angst und seelischer Zusammenbruch infolge Mangel an notwendiger Zuwendung – auf die Ich-Entwicklung und Subjektbildung? Dieser Frage geht Jacques Press ausgehend von den Erfahrungen in der Arbeit mit somatisch erkrankten Patient*innen nach. Er beschreibt Verzerrungen und Verstümmelungen in der Entwicklung des frühen Ich, die zu prekären Lebenswegen führen und gleichzeitig notwendige Versuche der Selbsterhaltung darstellen mit dem Ziel, die Wiederkehr des Zusammenbruchs abzuwenden. In zahlreichen klinischen Vignetten zeigt Press, wie Analytiker*innen und Psychotherapeut*innen sich ihren Patient*innen zur Verfügung stellen können, indem sie Erregung, Angst und Hilflosigkeit, Formloses und Negatives – nicht erinnerbare Spuren des Traumas – in sich aufnehmen und halten und sie so einer transformativen Bewegung zugänglich machen. Die Bedeutsamkeit einer Begegnung mit dem Zusammenbruch innerhalb der therapeutischen Beziehung wird dabei betont, denn nur so lassen sich Zugangswege zu traumatischen, symbolisch nicht repräsentierten Erfahrungen, die im Körpererleben gespeichert sind, erschließen.