gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Design of a Thermal-Bubble-Based Micromachined Accelerometer (2006)

A novel thermal-bubble-based micromachined accelerometer with advantages of no proof mass, preferable frequency response, and high sensitivity is presented in this paper. Unlike the other techniques, the only moving element in the proposed device is a small thermal-bubble created by using a high flux heater to vaporize the liquid contained in the micro chamber. Numerical simulations are conducted to study the heat transfer and fluid flow behavior of the device and to demonstrate the feasibility of our design. The results show that the sensor has good linearity in the range from 0 to 10 g, and the normal sensitivity is about 1 /spl deg/C/g for operating power of 40 mW. The response time of the accelerometer filled up with water is close to 58 ms.
Highly Efficient and Stable Inverted Polymer Solar Cells Integrated with a Cross-Linked Fullerene Material as an Interlayer (2010)

A novel PCBM-based n-type material, [6,6]-phenyl-C(61)-butyric styryl dendron ester (PCBSD), functionalized with a dendron containing two styryl groups as thermal cross-linkers, has been rationally designed and easily synthesized. In situ cross-linking of PCBSD was carried out by heating at a low temperature of 160 degrees C for 30 min to generate a robust, adhesive, and solvent-resistant thin film. This cross-linked network enables a sequential active layer to be successfully deposited on top of this interlayer to overcome the problem of interfacial erosion and realize a multilayer inverted device by all-solution processing. An inverted solar cell device based on an ITO/ZnO/C-PCBSD/P3HT:PCBM/PEDOT:PSS/Ag configuration not only achieves enhanced device characteristics, with an impressive PCE of 4.4%, but also exhibits an exceptional device lifetime without encapsulation; it greatly outperforms a reference device (PCE = 3.5%) based on an ITO/ZnO/P3HT:PCBM/PEDOT:PSS/Ag configuration without the interlayer. This C-PCBSD interlayer exerts multiple positive effects on both P3HT/C-PCBSD and PCBM/C-PCBSD localized heterojunctions at the interface of the active layer, including improved exciton dissociation efficiency, reduced charge recombination, decreased interface contact resistance, and induction of vertical phase separation to reduce the bulk resistance of the active layer as well as passivation of the local shunts at the ZnO interface. Moreover, this promising approach can be applied to another inverted solar cell, ITO/ZnO/C-PCBSD/PCPDTBT:PC(71)BM/PEDOT:PSS/Ag, using PCPDTBT as the p-type low-band-gap conjugated polymer to achieve an improved PCE of 3.4%. Incorporation of this cross-linked C(60) interlayer could become a standard procedure in the fabrication of highly efficient and stable multilayer inverted solar cells.
High-throughput in vivo genetic and drug screening using femtosecond laser microsurgery and microfluidics (2008)

We developed microfluidic devices, imaging algorithms and femtosecond laser microsurgery technologies to manipulate large numbers of small-animals on a single chip for sub-cellular resolution high-throughput genetic and drug screens on neural degeneration and regeneration.
Interpenetrating polymer network approach to tough and microcracking resistant high temperature polymers. Part II. LaRC‐RP41 (1991)

Abstract Recently, we reported on the interpenetrating polyimide network (IPN) approach to develop tough and microcracking resistant high temperature matrix resins for use in aircraft/aerospace structural components. One such polymer developed is designated LaRC‐RP40. This new simultaneous semi‐IPN was prepared from easy‐to‐process but brittle crosslinking PMR‐15 and tough but difficult‐to‐process linear NR‐150B2. Significantly improved toughness, microcracking resistance, and glass transition temperature over PMR‐15 were realized from the combination. These property improvements were achieved without compromising ease of processing, high temperature mechanical performance, and cost effectiveness compared to PMR‐15. These results encouraged us to further explore this approach for the development of a wider range of polymers of basic technological and economic interest. In the present work, we combine crosslinking PMR‐15 and linear LaRC‐TPI to provide a new sequential semi‐2‐IPN called LaRC‐RP41. The physical and mechanical properties of the neat resin and composite reinforced with graphite fibers are presented. The phase morphology and phase stability of the neat resin and composite studied by various techniques are also discussed.
TH-C-I-609-03: 3D Prostate Model Reconstruction From 2D Transrectal Ultrasound Biopsy Images (2005)

Purpose: Biopsy of the prostate using 2D transrectal ultrasound (TRUS) guidance is the current gold standard for diagnosis of prostate cancer. Physicians' procedural accuracy and precision is limited by working within the current 2D biopsy environment that is susceptible to uncertainties when targeting 3D biopsy locations, which can ultimately result in false patient diagnoses. We propose a technique for the reconstruction of a patient-specific 3D prostate volume from a sparse collection of 2D US biopsy images that may be utilized for intra-biopsy needle guidance and accurate prostate volume calculation. Method and Materials: 2D TRUS axial and sagittal biopsy images, with known 3D coordinates, were simulated from 3D US prostate image volumes acquired from biopsy patients. The prostate boundaries were manually outlined from each simulated biopsy image and radial basis functions were used to estimate the 3D prostate capsule from collections of 2D boundary outlines varying from 6–16 contours. Each reconstructed prostate model was compared to a manually segmented, 3D planimetry model for volume and surface boundary accuracy as well as the clinical-standard prolate ellipsoid volume estimation technique. Results: Prostate models reconstructed from simulated biopsy images ranging from 8 – 16 contours demonstrated a consistent volume error range of 1.3% – 0.38%, which was less than the clinical standard calculation that produced a 1.44% error. The mean prostate surface boundary error for all generated models was consistently < 1 mm with a RMS ∼= 1.1 mm. Conclusion: We have demonstrated a reconstruction technique capable of generating a 3D prostate model from a small sample of 2D TRUS biopsy images. Initial results suggest the fidelity of this reconstruction technique for generation of prostate models with accurate capsule surface contours and volume measurements, making it a potential tool for 3D intra-biopsy needle guidance and more accurate prostate volume calculations.
55.4: Optimized Parallax Control of Arbitrary Viewpoint Images with Motion Parallax on Autostereoscopic Displays (2014)

Abstract We propose an autostereoscopic display system which optimizes a parallax value of arbitrary viewpoint images to reduce the influence of 3D‐crosstalk space and to display motion parallax. The system monitors the observer's eye positions, and varies binocular parallax based on the viewing angle.
Isolation of a toga-like virus from farmed Atlantic salmon Salmo salar with pancreas disease (1995)

Pancreas disease (PD) of farmed Atlantic salmon Salmo salar has been recognised in Scotland, Ireland, Norway, the USA, France and Spaln and can cause severe economlc loss Thls paper reports the ~solatlon, flom PD-affected f ~s h , of a virus with physicochemlcal characteristics and moiphology resembling members of the Togavirldae When Inoculated into Atlantic salmon post-smolts it causes pathological changes in pancreas h e a ~t and muscle tlssues which are ind~stinguishable from those piesent in fleld outbreaks of PD I t is proposed that the virus be named salmon pancreas disease vlrus (SPDV) KEY WORDS. Pancreas d ~s e a s e . PD Atlantlc salmon Toga-like SPDV
Abstract 2390: Clinical validation of an epigenetic field of susceptibility to detect significant prostate cancer from 2 non-tumor biopsies (2017)

Abstract Background: An epigenetic field of cancer susceptibility exists for prostate cancer that gives rise to multifocal disease in the peripheral zone. In a previous studies (Neoplasia 2013, J Urol 2014) we identified using methylation arrays over 50 altered regions in normal prostate tissue of men with prostate cancer. In the current multicenter study, a validation was performed to determine the predictive strength of this approach. Methods: We evaluated 2 archived, cancer negative prostate biopsy core tissue from 129 subjects from 4 urological centers. All negative cases (controls) underwent 2 or more repeat negative biopsies within 24 mo with a central review of all histopathology. Cancer cases were negative biopsies selected from patients who ultimately went prostate removal to confirm a final grade &gt;Gleason Score 7. Biopsies were analyzed using pyrosequencing for DNA methylation changes at multiple CpGs surrounding the genes EVX1, CAV1, PLA2G16, FGF1, SPAG4 and NCR2. Analyses used multiplex logistic regression modeling with backward elimination. Results: Patients diagnosed with GS&gt;7 cancer (77) and the control group (52) were similarly matched except for PSA (7 vs 5.8; p&lt;0.03) and prostate size (46 vs 36; p&lt;0.02). We observed robust methylation differences for all genes (p&lt;0.05) (Table). A multiplex regression model for biomarker performance incorporating a gene combination of EVX1, NCR2, PLAG2 and SPAG4 discriminated non-tumor from tumor-associated tissues (AUC 0.744, p&lt;0.0001). A multiplex model incorporating 3 genes (EVX1, PLA2G16, NCR2) and clinical information (PSA, age) identified patients with GS&gt;7 prostate cancers (AUC 0.808, p=0.001). Conclusions: A widespread epigenetic field defect can be used to detect GS&gt;7 prostate cancers in patients with histologically negative biopsies. This assay is sensitive in requiring only 2 biopsies and detects alterations in nontumor cells at distance from the cancer. This has the potential to decrease the need for repeat prostate biopsies, a procedure associated with cost and complications. Support: UW Ignitor; Gen X foundation Citation Format: Bing Yang, Johnathon McCormick, Adam Schultz, Glen Leverson, Geoffrey Sonn, Cristina Magi-Galluzi, Eric A. Klein, Michael Fumo, David F. Jarrard. Clinical validation of an epigenetic field of susceptibility to detect significant prostate cancer from 2 non-tumor biopsies [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2017; 2017 Apr 1-5; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2017;77(13 Suppl):Abstract nr 2390. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2017-2390
P‐glycoprotein regulates <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i> enterotoxin B–stimulated interleukin‐5 and thymic stromal lymphopoietin secretion in organotypic mucosal explants (2015)

P-gp protein is expressed at higher concentrations in CRSwNP as compared to CRS. This overexpression directly contributes to the relative hypersecretion of IL-5 and TSLP. These findings suggest a novel mechanism for Th2 skewing in CRSwNP.
Extracting DNA Demethylase Activity from Mammalian Cells (2003)

Purification of an enzymatic activity requires a simple and relatively expeditious assay of its activity. However, the nature of the demethylase reaction has been elusive for decades. Although a large body of evidence supported the hypothesis that active demethylation takes place during development and differentiation (), the nature of the reaction was unknown. The main problem with understanding demethylaion of DNA is that true demethylation of DNA would involve cleavage of a stable carbon-carbon bond, which had been considered highly unlikely. Different laboratories have suggested that demethylation of DNA is accomplished by different repair mechanisms. These alternative routes involve either a cleavage of the bond between the methylated cytosine base and the deoxyribose () or nucleotide excision () (Fig. 1). We have recently shown that mamMalian cancer-cell lines bear a bona fide demethylase activity and we defined the reactants and products of the demethylation reaction. The demethylation reaction involves the hydrolytic cleavage of the bond between the methyl-carbon and the carbon at the 5 position of the cytosine ring (Fig. 1 and Fig. 2) producing unmethylated cytosine while the methyl group is released as methanol (). Open image in new window Fig. 1. Possible demethylation mechanisms. The figures shows a methylated CpG dinucleotide. DNA could be demethylated either directly or indirectly. Indirect demethylation might involve either removing the methyl-C base by a glycosylase or removing the methyl-CpG dinucleotide by a nucleotide excision mechanism. The possible cleavage points are indicated. The damaged DNA is repaired by the repair machinery, introducing unmethylated cytosines into the damaged region. Alternatively, the methyl group per se could be removed by cleavage of the carbon-carbon bond between the carbon at the 5′ position of cytosine and the methyl group. The methyl group leaves as a volatile residue. Open image in new window Fig. 2. The direct demethylation reaction. As shown in ref. the methyl residue in methylated cytosine can react with water in a reaction catalyzed by the demethylase enzyme to form methanol and nonmethylated cytosines.
Flip-chip MEMS microphone package with small front-volume and large back-volume (2015)

This paper describes a new packaging technology for bottom port micro-electromechanical system (MEMS) microphones in detail. The package combines the advantages of a small front-volume of 0.2 mm3 to avoid resonances in the acoustic frequency range and a large back-volume of 3.4 mm3 to increase the signal to noise ratio (SNR). The microphone package is built on a high temperature cofired ceramic substrate by flip-chip technology and closed by a metal lid. Front-volume and back-volume are separated by a new process applying polymer foil lamination and laser ablation. To achieve a signal to noise ratio of up to 66 dB (A) a double backplate transducer chip is used. To calculate the microphone response a lumped element simulation model was extended to integrate the second backplate structure. The simulation model is used to show the influence of the front-volume and the back-volume. The comparison with measurements showed considerable agreement.
Bayesian pattern ranking for move prediction in the game of Go (2006)

We investigate the problem of learning to predict moves in the board game of Go from game records of expert players. In particular, we obtain a probability distribution over legal moves for professional play in a given position. This distribution has numerous applications in computer Go, including serving as an efficient stand-alone Go player. It would also be effective as a move selector and move sorter for game tree search and as a training tool for Go players. Our method has two major components: a) a pattern extraction scheme for efficiently harvesting patterns of given size and shape from expert game records and b) a Bayesian learning algorithm (in two variants) that learns a distribution over the values of a move given a board position based on the local pattern context. The system is trained on 181,000 expert games and shows excellent prediction performance as indicated by its ability to perfectly predict the moves made by professional Go players in 34% of test positions.
Standing on the Shoulders of Giants: Hardware and Neural Architecture Co-Search with Hot Start (2020)

Hardware and neural architecture co-search that automatically generates Artificial Intelligence (AI) solutions from a given dataset is promising to promote AI democratization; however, the amount of time that is required by current co-search frameworks is in the order of hundreds of GPU hours for one target hardware. This inhibits the use of such frameworks on commodity hardware. The root cause of the low efficiency in existing co-search frameworks is the fact that they start from a "cold" state (i.e., search from scratch). In this paper, we propose a novel framework, namely HotNAS, that starts from a "hot" state based on a set of existing pre-trained models (a.k.a. model zoo) to avoid lengthy training time. As such, the search time can be reduced from 200 GPU hours to less than 3 GPU hours. In HotNAS, in addition to hardware design space and neural architecture search space, we further integrate a compression space to conduct model compressing during the co-search, which creates new opportunities to reduce latency but also brings challenges. One of the key challenges is that all of the above search spaces are coupled with each other, e.g., compression may not work without hardware design support. To tackle this issue, HotNAS builds a chain of tools to design hardware to support compression, based on which a global optimizer is developed to automatically co-search all the involved search spaces. Experiments on ImageNet dataset and Xilinx FPGA show that, within the timing constraint of 5ms, neural architectures generated by HotNAS can achieve up to 5.79% Top-1 and 3.97% Top-5 accuracy gain, compared with the existing ones.
Bioprinting synthetic self-assembling peptide hydrogels for biomedical applications (2015)

Three-dimensional (3D) bioprinting is a disruptive technology for creating organotypic constructs for high-throughput screening and regenerative medicine. One major challenge is the lack of suitable bioinks. Short synthetic self-assembling peptides are ideal candidates. Several classes of peptides self-assemble into nanofibrous hydrogels resembling the native extracellular matrix. This is a conducive microenvironment for maintaining cell survival and physiological function. Many peptides also demonstrate stimuli-responsive gelation and tuneable mechanical properties, which facilitates extrusion before dispensing and maintains the shape fidelity of the printed construct in aqueous media. The inherent biocompatibility and biodegradability bodes well for in vivo applications as implantable tissues and drug delivery matrices, while their short length and ease of functionalization facilitates synthesis and customization. By applying self-assembling peptide inks to bioprinting, the dynamic complexity of biological tissue can be recreated, thereby advancing current biomedical applications of peptide hydrogel scaffolds.
Analysis of Wavelength and Intensity Interrogation Methods in Cascaded Double-Ring Sensors (2012)

Optical waveguide sensors based on cascaded double-ring resonators are analyzed theoretically and experimentally, for both wavelength interrogation and intensity interrogation methods. It is shown that for the wavelength interrogation, the sensitivity can be increased by over three orders of magnitude by combining the intensity ratio detection of two central peaks, compared with the simple digital operation mode of the central peak wavelength shift detection of the transmission spectrum. While the detection limit of the wavelength interrogation method is several times smaller than that of intensity interrogation method, the latter has advantages of simplicity and low cost which can outweigh the sensitivity reduction for many practical applications. Experimental results showed good agreements with the theoretical analysis.
ChemInform Abstract: Advancing Tetrazine Bioorthogonal Reactions Through the Development of New Synthetic Tools (2012)

Abstract Review: ca. 50 refs.
A Novel ZVS Turn-on Triangular Current Mode Control with Phase Synchronization for Three Level Inverters (2018)

Critical conduction mode (CRM)/ Triangular current mode (TCM) control with ZVS turn-on for single phase converters has led to significant improvement in efficiency at high switching frequencies (>300 kHz). The need to push power converters to high switching frequencies comes from the drive to achieve higher power density as high frequency operation leads to a significant decrease in filter volume which consumes most of the space in power converter systems. With recent advancements in wide bandgap devices' technology, it is possible to operate at high switching frequencies with very low turn-off losses, however, turn-on losses in hard switching continuous conduction mode (CCM) are still significant. Thus making it necessary to operate the inverter with zero voltage switching (ZVS) turn-on. A simple way of achieving soft switching in a three phase inverter is by connecting the DC bus mid-point to AC neutral, thus operating it as three single phase inverters in parallel. However, this results in phase a-synchronization and very high switching frequency variation. Switching frequency variation is minimized in TCM for a 2-level converter by clamping one of the phases. It is shown in this paper how this method can be extended to three level inverters. As compared to 2-level converters, 3-level converters offer several advantages such as reduced common mode voltage (CMV), the same benefit is extracted in proposed 3-level TCM by making use of reduced CMV switching states. The proposed modulation is applicable for any 3-level inverter topology, a 3-level NPC inverter is considered in this paper. The modulation presented is compared with sinusoidal pulse width modulation (SPWM), it has lower losses as well as lower CMV. It is also shown that huge reduction in inductor size is achieved by high switching frequency operation.
The quest for migraine genes (1997)

Research into the genetics of migraine remains difficult because of the involvement of polygenetic and environmental factors. The discovery of the gene for familial hemiplegic migraine on chromosome 19p 13 is an important step forward. This brain specific P/Q-type calcium channel alpha 1-subunit gene opens new avenues for studying the genetics of migraine, the pathophysiology of the onset of migraine attacks and the development of novel specific prophylactic drugs.
Layered Wireless Video Multicast Using Relays (2010)

Wireless video multicast enables delivery of popular events to many mobile users in a bandwidth efficient manner. However, providing good and stable video quality to a large number of users with varying channel conditions remains elusive. In this paper, an integration of layered video coding, packet level forward error correction, and two-hop relaying is proposed to enable efficient and robust video multicast in infrastructure-based wireless networks. First, transmission with conventional omni-directional antennas is considered where relays have to transmit in non-overlapping time slots in order to avoid collision. In order to improve system efficiency, we next investigate a system in which relays transmit simultaneously using directional antennas. In both systems, we consider a non-layered configuration, where the relays forward all received video packets and all users receive the same video quality, as well as a layered setup, where the relays forward only the base-layer video. For each system setup, we consider optimization of the relay placement, user partition, transmission rates of each hop, and time scheduling between source and relay transmissions. Our analysis shows that the non-layered system can provide better video quality to all users than the conventional direct transmission system, and the layered system enables some users to enjoy significantly better quality, while guaranteeing other users the same or better quality than direct transmission. The directional relay system can provide substantial improvements over the omni-directional relay system. To support our results, a prototype is implemented using open source drivers and socket programming, and the system performance is validated with real-world experiments.