gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Antiproliferative effects of glyceollin I on MCF-7 and BG-1 cells (2007)

B58 Background: Results of epidemiological studies relating consumption of dietary factors to cancer have increased the knowledge base that provides rationale for various nutritional strategies designed to contribute to cancer prevention and treatment. Of particular interest are the classes of compounds known as the phytoestrogens, which embody several groups of non-steroidal estrogens present in soy containing foods. Phytoestrogens exhibit a number of biological effects, suggesting that they may have a role in cancer prevention. We have identified the phytoestrogens glyceollins I, II and III in soy plants grown under stressed conditions which exhibit marked anti-estrogenic effects on ER function. In this study, we assessed the influence of glyceollin I on MCF-7 breast cancer cells and BG-1 ovarian cancer cells growth and gene expression.  Materials and Methods: The effects of glyceollin I on proliferation were determined by colony assays. ER-dependent cells were plated in 6 well plates, treated with glyceollin I with and without estrogen stimulation. Colony formation was determined after 10 days of incubation. Gene expression was determined by ERE-luciferase and real time RT-PCR assays. ER-dependent cancer cell lines were transfected with an ERE-Luc plasmid, treated with glyceollin I in the presence and absence of estrogen stimulation, and harvested for luciferase activity. The cells were also analyzed for the quantitative expression of PgR and SDF-1 genes after glyceollin treatment with and without estrogen stimulation. In addition, binding of glyceollin I to ER-α was demonstrated with a competitive binding assay.  Results: We have established the ability of glyceollin I to bind to the ER-α and to inhibit the expression of ER-dependent genes. We also demonstrated the suppression of proliferation on MCF-7 and BG-1 cells [estrogen receptor alpha (ER-α-positive), demonstrating that the effect of glyceollin I is not restricted to the MCF-7 model.  Discussion: Our results establish the in vitro inhibition of estrogen-dependent cell growth by glyceollin I and also provide critical information to the understanding of estrogen-related cancers. The glyceollins may represent important components of a soy-based diet in terms of chemoprevention and treatment of estrogen-related cancer.
Evidence of Heavy Methylation in the Galectin 3 Promoter in Early Stages of Prostate Adenocarcinoma: Development and Validation of a Methylated Marker for Early Diagnosis of Prostate Cancer (2009)

Galectins, soluble intracellular and extracellular beta-galactoside-binding proteins, are known to be involved in the progression and metastasis of various cancers, including prostate adenocarcinoma, but the detailed mechanism of their biological roles remains elusive. In the prostate cancer cell lines PC-3 and DU-145, galectin 3 (gal3) is present at normal levels, whereas in LNCaP, its expression is silenced. In LNCaP, the gal3 promoter was heavily methylated, whereas PC-3 or DU-145 cells showed negligible or no methylation in the gal3 promoter indicating a negative correlation between gal3 promoter methylation and its expression. On immunohistochemical analysis of normal and tumor prostate tissues, gal3 was found expressed both in nucleus and cytoplasm of benign prostatic hyperplasia, high-grade prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia, and stage I. The expression of the gal3 was found drastically downregulated in advanced stages and, interestingly, mostly in the cytoplasm. On methylation analysis, the gal3 promoter in stage II prostate adenocarcinoma (PCa) was found heavily methylated, whereas in stages III and IV, it was only lightly methylated. However, in stage I PCa, both heavy and light methylations were observed in the gal3 promoter. In normal and benign prostatic hyperplasia tissues, the gal3 promoter was almost unmethylated. The differential cytosine methylation in the gal3 promoter in stages I to IV PCa enabled us to develop and validate a methylation-specific polymerase chain reaction-based sensitive assay specific for stages I and II PCa. These stages are considered the critical stages for successful intervention, thus underscoring the significance of this diagnostic assay.
Experimental validation of a coprime linear microphone array for high-resolution direction-of-arrival measurements (2015)

Coprime linear microphone arrays allow for narrower beams with fewer sensors. A coprime microphone array consists of two staggered uniform linear subarrays with M and N microphones, where M and N are coprime with each other. By applying spatial filtering to both subarrays and combining their outputs, M+N-1 microphones yield M⋅N directional bands. In this work, the coprime sampling theory is implemented in the form of a linear microphone array of 16 elements with coprime numbers of 9 and 8. This coprime microphone array is experimentally tested to validate the coprime array theory. Both predicted and measured results are discussed. Experimental results confirm that narrow beampatterns as predicted by the coprime sampling theory can be obtained by the coprime microphone array.
Influence of B-Haplotype on the Relative Efficacy of Marek's Disease Vaccines of Different Serotypes (1993)

To determine if B-haplotype differentially influences vaccinal immunity to very virulent Marek's disease (MD) virus challenge, chickens of five 15.B-congenic lines were vaccinated with vaccines representing serotypes 1, 2, and 3. B-haplotype differentially influenced vaccinal immunity to very virulent MD virus challenge using vaccines of all three serotypes, and different MD vaccines were optimal for some B-haplotypes. Regarding specific haplotypes, the 15.B-congenic chickens with B2 and B13 developed less protection against MD than chickens with B15 following vaccination with all three serotypes of MD vaccine, whereas the chickens with B5 and B21 developed variable protection with different MD vaccines. Thus, for induction of maximum MD resistance, it may be necessary to select a vaccine appropriate for the predominant B-haplotypes of the chicken flock.
Electrical conduction in polymer dielectrics (1985)

The use of polymer dielectrics with moderate resistivities could reduce or eliminate problems associated with spacecraft charging. The processes responsible for conduction and the properties of electroactive polymers are reviewed, and correlations drawn between molecular structure and electrical conductivity. These structure-property relationships led to the development of several new electroactive polymer compositions and the identification of several systems that have the requisite thermal, mechanical, environmental and electrical properties for use in spacecraft.
A direct-reading mercury thermometer for the wet bulb globe temperature index (1969)

An instrument for direct measurement of the wet bulb globe temperature index (WBGT index) is described and tested. The instrument is a fluid analogue computer based on the mercury-in-glass thermometer and has no electronics. A linear correspondence was obtained between the readings of the instrument and the WBGT index calculated by the conventional method from the readings of individual wet bulb, dry bulb, and globe thermometers. The instrument provides a simple and valid method for measuring the WBGT index.
Production of Mannitol by Lactic Acid Bacteria: A Review (2008)

This chapter contains sections titled: Introduction Mannitol production by homofermentative lactic acid bacteria Mannitol production by heterofermrentative lactic acid bacteria Mannitol production by recombinant microorganisms Conclusions References
Direct Electrodeposition of Cu<sub>2</sub>Sb for Lithium-Ion Battery Anodes (2008)

We describe the direct single potential electrodeposition of crystalline Cu2Sb, a promising anode material for lithium-ion batteries, from aqueous solutions at room temperature. The use of citric acid as a complexing agent increases the solubility of antimony salts and shifts the reduction potentials of copper and antimony toward each other, enabling the direct deposition of the intermetallic compound at pH 6. Electrodeposition of Cu2Sb directly onto conducting substrates represents a facile synthetic method for the synthesis of high quality samples with excellent electrical contact to a substrate, which is critical for further battery testing.
Application of Expurgated PPM to Indoor Visible Light Communications—Part II: Access Networks (2014)

Providing network access for multiple users in a visible light communication (VLC) system that utilizes white light emitting diodes (LED) as sources requires new networking techniques adapted to the lighting features. In this paper we introduce two multiple access techniques using expurgated PPM (EPPM) that can be implemented using LEDs and support lighting features such as dimming. Multilevel symbols are used to provide M-ary signaling for multiple users using multilevel EPPM. In the first technique, the M-ary data of each user is first encoded using an optical orthogonal code assigned to the user, and the result is fed into a EPPM encoder to generate a multilevel signal. The second multiple access method uses subsets of the EPPM constellation to apply MEPPM to the data of each user. While the first approach has a larger Hamming distance between the symbols of each user, the latter can provide higher bit-rates for users in VLC systems using bandwidth-limited LEDs. Both techniques are able to support up to 15 simultaneous users transmitting 200 Mb/s with a bit error rate of 10 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">-3</sup> under normal lighting conditions.
Electrooptical Light-Management Material: Low-Refractive-Index Adhesives (2005)

ABSTRACT A prototype pressure-sensitive adhesive that has a low refractive index (<1.36) and is optically clear has been developed (Holguin and Chang, US Patent 6703463, 2002). The refractive index is a key feature in the application of optical polymers, and this pressure-sensitive adhesive is particularly useful for light-transmitting devices. It is a fluoro-substituted mono-acrylate adhesive. Fluoro-polymers are known to have a low refractive index, but typically the fluoro-polymers are not sticky and are opaque because of their crystallinity. The design of this novel fluorosubstituted monoacrylate adhesive polymer is based on the rheological marriage of fluoro-polymers and pressure-sensitive adhesives.
Image Triangulation Using the Sobel Operator for Vertex Selection (Media Exposition) (2024)

Image triangulation, the practice of decomposing images into triangles, deliberately employs simplification to create an abstracted representation. While triangulating an image is a relatively simple process, difficulties arise when determining which vertices produce recognizable and visually pleasing output images. With the goal of producing art, we discuss an image triangulation algorithm in Python that utilizes Sobel edge detection and point cloud sparsification to determine final vertices for a triangulation, resulting in the creation of artistic triangulated compositions.
Time to Clinical Benefit of Dapagliflozin and Significance of Prior Heart Failure Hospitalization in Patients With Heart Failure With Reduced Ejection Fraction (2021)

ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier NCT03036124.
Rational Design and Construction of Polymers with Large Second-Order Optical Nonlinearities. Synthetic Strategies for Enhanced Chromophore Number Densities and Frequency Doubling Temporal Stabilities (1990)

Abstract The performance characteristics of poled polymeric second harmonic generation materials are crucially dependent upon achieving high number densities of constituent chromophore entities and on maintaining poling-induced microstructural acentricity. This article reviews recent progress toward these goals. Systems discussed include chromophore-functionalized polyphenylene ether macromolecules with second harmonic coefficients (d33) as high as 65 × 10−9 esu, Tg = 173°C, and with superior temporal stability of poling-induced chromophore orientation. Also discussed are strategies for simultaneously poling and diepoxide cross-linking chromophore-functionalized poly(p-hydroxystyrene). The result is a significant improvement in the temporal stability of chromophore orientation. Finally, two approaches to chromophore immobilization are presented which involve highly cross-linkable epoxy matrices. In the first, chromophore molecules are embedded in a matrix which is simultaneously poled and thermally cured. In the second, a functionalized high-β chromophore is synthesized for use as a cross-linking matrix component.
Creating Clarity in Noisy Environments by Using Deep Learning in Hearing Aids (2021)

Hearing aids continue to acquire increasingly sophisticated sound-processing features beyond basic amplification. On the one hand, these have the potential to add user benefit and allow for personalization. On the other hand, if such features are to benefit according to their potential, they require clinicians to be acquainted with both the underlying technologies and the specific fitting handles made available by the individual hearing aid manufacturers. Ensuring benefit from hearing aids in typical daily listening environments requires that the hearing aids handle sounds that interfere with communication, generically referred to as "noise." With this aim, considerable efforts from both academia and industry have led to increasingly advanced algorithms that handle noise, typically using the principles of directional processing and postfiltering. This article provides an overview of the techniques used for noise reduction in modern hearing aids. First, classical techniques are covered as they are used in modern hearing aids. The discussion then shifts to how deep learning, a subfield of artificial intelligence, provides a radically different way of solving the noise problem. Finally, the results of several experiments are used to showcase the benefits of recent algorithmic advances in terms of signal-to-noise ratio, speech intelligibility, selective attention, and listening effort.
<title>Broadband reconfigurable optical beam-forming systems</title> (1994)

It is shown that by applying spatial frequency dependent optical phase compensation in an optical heterodyne process, variable RF delay can be achieved over a prescribed frequency band. Experimental results that demonstrate the performance of the delay line with regard to both maximum delay and resolution over a broad bandwidth are presented. Additionally, a spatially integrated optical system is proposed for control of phased array antennas, providing mechanical stability, essentially eliminating the drift problems associated with free-space optical systems, and providing high packing density. This approach uses a class of SLM known as a deformable mirror device and leads to a steerable arbitrary antenna radiation pattern of the true time-delay type. Also considered is the ability to utilize the delay line as a general photonic signal processing element in an adaptive (reconfigurable) transversal frequency filter configuration. Such systems are widely applicable in jammer/noise canceling systems, broadband ISDN, spread spectrum secure communications and the like.
Identification and characterization of a human proliferation-associated nucleolar antigen with a molecular weight of 120,000 expressed in early G1 phase. (1988)

Tumor nucleoli were treated with polyclonal antisera to normal human tissue nucleoli to block some determinants common to tumor and normal tissue nucleoli. Immunization of mice with these immune complexes resulted in the development of a monoclonal antibody (FB2) to a novel Mr 120,000 nucleolar proliferation-associated antigen. By indirect immunofluorescence, antibody FB2 produced bright nucleolar staining in a variety of malignant tumors, including cancers of the breast, liver, gastrointestinal tract, genitourinary tract, blood, lymph system, lung, and brain. Although specific nucleolar immunofluorescence was not detectable in most normal tissues, it was detectable in some proliferating nonmalignant tissues including spermatogonia of the testes, ductal regions of hypertrophied prostates, and phytohemagglutinin-stimulated lymphocytes. The Mr 120,000 antigen was not detectable in 48-h serum-deprived HeLa cells but was readily detectable (within 30 min) following serum refeeding. The Mr 120,000 antigen was not detected in retinoic acid-treated HL-60 cells following morphological differentiation but was detectable in 48-h phytohemagglutinin-treated lymphocytes. These studies suggest that the Mr 120,000 antigen is a proliferation-associated antigen which plays a role in the early G1 phase of the cell cycle.
Radiative dark current in optically thin III-V photovoltaic devices (2015)

High-voltage InGaAs quantum well solar cells have been demonstrated in a thin-film format, utilizing structures that employ advanced band gap engineering to suppress non-radiative recombination and expose the limiting radiative component of the diode current. In particular, multiple InGaAs quantum well structures fabricated via epitaxial lift-off exhibit one-sun open circuit voltages as high as 1.05 V. The dark diode characteristics of these high-voltage III-V photovoltaic devices are compared to the radiative current calculated from the measured external quantum efficiency using a generalized detailed balance model specifically adapted for optically-thin absorber structures. The fitted n=1 component of the diode current is found to match the calculated radiative dark current when assuming negligible photon recycling, suggesting this thin-film multiple quantum well structure is operating close to the radiative limit.
Rate-distortion optimization for multichannel audio compression (2013)

Multichannel audio coding is studied from a rate-distortion theoretical viewpoint. Two practical coding techniques, both of which are based on rate-distortion optimization, are also proposed. The first technique decorrelates a multichannel signal hierarchically using elementary unitary transforms. The second method rearranges a multichannel signal into sub-signals and compresses them at optimized bit rates using a conventional codec. Both objective and subjective tests were conducted to illustrate the efficiency of the methods.
Synthesis and characterization of substituted aromatic polyesters derived from phenoxy‐ and <i>tert</i>‐butylhydroquinone (1990)

Abstract Aromatic polyesters 5 and 6 were synthesized from tert ‐butyl‐ and phenoxyhydroquinone ( 4a and 4b ) and terephthalic acids 3a–e . The introduction of substituents reduces the phase transition temperature and increases the solubility of the corresponding polyesters in common solvents. As a result, soluble, amorphous and liquid‐crystalline aromatic polyesters were obtained. Unexpectedly, the phenoxyhydroquinone moiety suppresses the formation of a mesophase in some polyesters.
The development of methodology for the determination of R values of existing structures by nonsteady state heat transfer measurements (1976)

Energy conservation surveys of Navy facilities often require data on in-place R-values of existing structures. Such information has been difficult to obtain due to transient conditions caused by day-and-night temperature changes. This study indicates R-values can be calculated within about a 6% accuracy from heat flux and inside-outside wall surface temperature data that have been integrated over a 24-hour period. (Author)
Estimation of Clock Offset Using Bootstrap Bias-Correction Techniques (2003)

A recently proposed estimator of the offset between two clocks in a data communications network is based on an exchange of timing messages between the clocks. It is well known that different distributions of the transmission delays in the two directions associated with the exchanged messages cause the estimator to be biased. We use the bootstrap methodology to obtain a closed-form estimator of the bias and then form a new bias-corrected estimator of the clock offset. We show that for common distribution assumptions for the transmission delays, the bias-corrected estimator has smaller mean squared error (MSE) than the uncorrected estimator. We also derive the order statistic-based best linear unbiased estimator (o-BLUE) of the clock offset under the assumption that transmission delays are exponentially distributed. Several studies on network delay characteristics show that no single distribution adequately characterizes delays. Not only are delays highly dependent on the nature of traffic, they are also time varying. Therefore, any clock offset estimator developed needs to be robust to such variations. We examine the robustness of the o-BLUE and its bias-corrected outgrowth under the alternative assumptions of transmission delay. The bias-corrected o-BLUE outperforms a commonly used estimator and is recommended for applications, based on its robustness and MSE properties.
Device and Architecture Cooptimization for FPGA Power Reduction (2007)

Device optimization considering supply voltage Vdd and threshold voltage Vt has little chip-area increase but a great impact on power and performance in the nanometer technology. This paper studies simultaneous evaluation of device and architecture optimization for field-programmable gate arrays (FPGAs). We first develop an efficient yet accurate timing and power evaluation method called a trace-based model. By collecting trace information from a cycle-accurate simulation of placed and routed FPGA benchmark circuits and reusing the trace for different Vdds and Vts, we enable device and architecture cooptimization considering hundreds of device and architecture combinations. Compared to the baseline FPGA architecture, which uses the Versatile Place and Route architecture model and the same lookup table and cluster sizes as those used by the Xilinx Virtex-II, Vdd suggested by the International Technology Roadmap for Semiconductor, Vt optimized with respect to the preceding architecture, and Vdd architecture and device cooptimization can reduce the energy-delay product (ED) by 20.5% and the chip area by 23.3%. Furthermore, considering the power gating of unused logic blocks and interconnect switches (in this case, sleep transistor size is a parameter of device tuning), our co-optimization reduces ED by 55.0% and the chip area by 8.2% compared to the baseline FPGA architecture. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first in-depth study in the literature on architecture and device cooptimization for FPGAs.
Automated Estimation of Spectral Neighborhood Size in Manifold Coordinate Representations of Hyperspectral Imagery: Implications for Anomaly Finding, Bathymetry Retrieval, and Land Applications (2008)

In the past we have presented a framework for deriving a set of intrinsic manifold coordinates that directly parameterize high-dimensional data, such as that found in hyperspectral imagery. In these previous works, we have described the potential utility of these representations for such diverse problems as land-cover mapping and in-water retrievals such as bathymetry. Because the manifold coordinates are intrinsic, they offer the potential for significant compression of the data, and are furthermore very useful for displaying data structure that can not be seen by linear image processing representations when the data is inherently nonlinear. This is especially true, for example, when the data are known to contain strong nonlinearities, such as in the reflectance data obtained from hyperspectral imaging sensors over the water, where the medium itself is attenuating. These representations are also potentially useful in such applications as anomaly finding. A number of other researchers have looked at different aspects of the manifold coordinate representations such as the best way to exploit these representations through the backend classifier, while others have examined alternative manifold coordinate models.
Therapy with Coenzyme Q10 for Patients with Periodontal Disease. 2. Effect of Coenzyme Q10 on the Immune System. (1993)

[in Japanese]