gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Algorithm for detecting important changes in lidar point clouds (2014)

Protection of installations in hostile environments is a very critical part of military and civilian operations that requires a significant amount of security personnel to be deployed around the clock. Any electronic change detection system for detection of threats must have high probability of detection and low false alarm rates to be useful in the presence of natural motion of trees and vegetation due to wind. We propose a 3D change detection system based on a LIDAR sensor that can reliably and robustly detect threats and intrusions in different environments including surrounding trees, vegetation, and other natural landscape features. Our LIDAR processing algorithm finds human activity and human-caused changes not only in open spaces but also in heavy vegetated areas hidden from direct observation by 2D imaging sensors. The algorithm processes a sequence of point clouds called frames. Every 3D frame is mapped into a 2D horizontal rectangular grid. Each cell of this grid is processed to calculate the distribution of the points mapped into it. The spatial differences are detected by analyzing the differences in distributions of the corresponding cells that belong to different frames. Several heuristic filters are considered to reduce false detections caused by natural changes in the environment.
Flexible Snooping (2006)

A simple and low-cost approach to supporting snoopy cache coherence is to logically embed a unidirectional ring in the network of a multiprocessor, and use it to transfer snoop messages. Other messages can use any link in the network. While this scheme works for any network topology, a naive implementation may result in long response times or in many snoop messages and snoop operations. To address this problem, this paper proposes Flexible Snooping algorithms, a family of adaptive forwarding and filtering snooping algorithms. In these algorithms, a node receiving a snoop request may either forward it to another node and then perform the snoop, or snoop and then forward it, or simply forward it without snooping. The resulting design space offers trade-offs in number of snoop operations and messages, response time, and energy consumption. Our analysis using SPLASH-2, SPECjbb, and SPECweb workloads finds several snooping algorithms that are more costeffective than current ones. Specifically, our choice for a highperformance snooping algorithm is faster than the currently fastest algorithm while consuming 9-17% less energy; our choice for an energy-efficient algorithm is only 3-6% slower than the previous one while consuming 36-42% less energy.
Benzocarbazole anions intercalated layered double hydroxide and its tunable fluorescence (2010)

Luminescent benzocarbazole anions (BCZC) intercalated into the interlayer region of Mg-Al-layered double hydroxides (BCZC/LDH) with different layered charge densities (LCD) were prepared. The structure and chemical composition of the composites were characterized by X-ray diffraction, elemental analysis, thermogravimetry and differential thermal analysis (TG-DTA), infrared spectra (FT-IR), UV-vis absorption and fluorescence spectroscopy. The photoemission behavior of BCZC in the LDH matrix with high (Mg/Al ratio = 1.801) and low (Mg/Al ratio = 3.132) LCD is similar to that of BCZC solid and aqueous solution states respectively, indicating that the luminescence performances of the intercalated dye anions can be tuned by adjusting the LCD of the LDH layer. Moreover, the thermal stability and stacking order of BCZC are largely improved upon intercalation, and the BCZC/LDH thin film exhibits well polarized luminescence with the luminescent anisotropy of 0.15-0.20. In addition, molecular dynamics (MD) simulation was employed to calculate the basal spacing and molecular arrangement of the intercalated BCZC within the LDH matrix. The simulation results show that the distribution of BCZC anions is much broader in the gallery of Mg-Al-LDH with high LCD, while BCZC anions exhibit a more ordered arrangement in LDH with low LCD. Furthermore, the radial distribution functions of interlayer water molecules were also studied. Based on the combination of experiment and theoretical simulation, this work provides a detailed understanding of the tunable photoluminescence, orientation and diffusion behavior of the luminescent molecules confined within the gallery of a 2D inorganic matrix.
A rational approach to heparins. (1992)

It is shown why the current practice of expressing heparin activity in International Units is not an adequate way to deal with the situation that arises after injection of low molecular weight heparins. An alternative approach is proposed. It is taken into account that the fraction of a low molecular heparin that binds with high affinity to antithrombin III contains two fundamentally different components: the material above the critical chain-length of 17 sugar units that has both anti-factor Xa activity and antithrombin activity (ACLM) and the material below that length with anti-factor Xa activity only (BCLM). It is shown how the levels of ACLM and BCLM in a plasma sample can be determined and expressed in micrograms/ml.
Unnatural β-L-Enantiomers of Nucleoside Analogues as Potent Anti-Hepatitis B Virus Agents (1998)

Abstract Several 2′- or 3′-substituted 2′,3′-dideoxy-β-L-nucleosides bearing adenine as the base were stereospecifically synthesized and their antiviral properties examined. Two of them, namely 2′-azido- and 3′-azido-2′,3′-dideoxy-β-L-adenosine (2′-N3-−β-L-ddA and 3′-N3-−β-L-ddA) were found to have some anti-hepatitis B virus (HBV) activity in cell culture.
Complementary spin transistor using a quantum well channel (2017)

In order to utilize the spin field effect transistor in logic applications, the development of two types of complementary transistors, which play roles of the n- and p-type conventional charge transistors, is an essential prerequisite. In this research, we demonstrate complementary spin transistors consisting of two types of devices, namely parallel and antiparallel spin transistors using InAs based quantum well channels and exchange-biased ferromagnetic electrodes. In these spin transistors, the magnetization directions of the source and drain electrodes are parallel or antiparallel, respectively, depending on the exchange bias field direction. Using this scheme, we also realize a complementary logic operation purely with spin transistors controlled by the gate voltage, without any additional n- or p-channel transistor.
Sub-THz interconnect channel for planar chip-to-chip communication (2016)

This article presents the dielectric waveguide based sub-THz interconnect channels for high bandwidth-density and high energy-efficiency chip-to-chip communications. Both far-field and near-field transition based channels are analyzed and demonstrated. The insertion losses of the interconnect with far-field transitions and near-field transitions are about 8.4 dB with 12.6 GHz 3-dB bandwidth and 4.0 dB with 59 GHz 3-dB bandwidth, respectively.
A Novel Synthetic GMCSF and MCP3 Fusion Cytokine Induces IL10-Producing B Cells with Immune Modulatory Properties on Antigen Presentation and Th17 Development (2010)

Abstract Abstract 587 Therapeutic strategies based on the modulation of immune system can be exploited to treat a variety of pathologies including autoimmune diseases and cancer. We previously described the immune suppressive and receptor-specific apoptotic effect of a fusion cytokine GMME1, generated by the linkage of granulocyte macrophage-colony stimulating factor (GM-CSF) at the N-terminal of MCP1 (6-76). To better understand the immunobiology of N-terminal-modified CC chemokine, we described the novel function of GMCSF-MCP3 (5-76) (GMME3) in its induction of IL10+, regulatory-competent B cells. Ex vivo cultured B lymphocyte with GMME3 leads to a significant increase in S and G2/M phases, IL10 production and the expression of CD1.d and CD5. Treatment of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) mice with GMME3-activated wild type B cells (BGMME3), but not IL10 null B cells, significantly inhibits the disease progression and immune infiltrates into the CNS. We demonstrated that the mechanism by which BGMME3 exerts their effect is through IL10-mediated inhibition of class II antigen presentation of macrophages; moreover, BGMME3 inhibits the reactivation of EAE-derived Th17 cells by augmenting Th1 pathway. Hence, N-terminal-GMCSF-fused CC chemokine, GMME3 modulates the immunological phenotype of B cells in a manner permissive for personalized cell therapy of autoimmune ailments. Disclosures: No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.
Domain structure of the DEMETER 5-methylcytosine DNA glycosylase (2010)

DNA glycosylases initiate the base excision repair (BER) pathway by excising damaged, mismatched, or otherwise modified bases. Animals and plants independently evolved active BER-dependent DNA demethylation mechanisms important for epigenetic reprogramming. One such DNA demethylation mechanism is uniquely initiated in plants by DEMETER (DME)-class DNA glycosylases. Arabidopsis DME family glycosylases contain a conserved helix-hairpin-helix domain present in both prokaryotic and eukaryotic DNA glycosylases as well as two domains A and B of unknown function that are unique to this family. Here, we employed a mutagenesis approach to screen for DME residues critical for DNA glycosylase activity. This analysis revealed that amino acids clustered in all three domains, but not in the intervening variable regions, are required for in vitro 5-methylcytosine excision activity. Amino acids in domain A were found to be required for nonspecific DNA binding, a prerequisite for 5-methylcytosine excision. In addition, mutational analysis confirmed the importance of the iron-sulfur cluster motif to base excision activity. Thus, the DME DNA glycosylase has a unique structure composed of three essential domains that all function in 5-methylcytosine excision.
Similarity of Temporal Query Logs Based on ARIMA Model (2006)

A challenging issue faced by modern information retrieval is that of determining and satisfying users' requirements relying only on very short text queries. In this paper, we propose an algorithm to find out related queries based on auto-regressive integrated moving average (ARIMA) model. First, we select and estimate ARIMA model of the temporal query logs. And then each query is denoted by a sequence of coefficients. We use the correlation of ARIMA coefficients as the similarity measurement. We call it as the ARIMA temporal similarity (ARIMA TS). This similarity describes how strongly two time series are linearly related. On the other hand, the ARIMA model could also be treated as a dimensionality reduction procedure. It can save storage space for a large database of the query logs. In addition, ARIMA model could be used as a tool to predict the trend of a query. The experimental results on two query logs of MSN search engine demonstrate that the proposed approach can achieve better similarity measurement efficiently
Design and analysis of the bearingless planetary gearbox (2017)

High performance legged and mobile manipulating robotic platforms require light weight actuators with high torque density, efficiency, and accuracy. This paper introduces a new type of high reduction bearingless gearbox which is based on a gearbox with double-row planetary pinion, and can achieve high reduction ratios in a single composite stage. We discuss the practical issues which limit the applicability of the existing double row gearbox, and motivate our innovations. Several advantages of the bearingless gearbox over current approaches in terms of robustness, possible load distribution, manufacturability, and assembly are described. In the concept, all gear components float unconstrained, which is achieved by introducing an additional kinematic constraint that allows planets to be the same, in which case the planet carrier can be substituted with a secondary sun gear. The resulting planetary gearbox can be readily integrated into compact robotic joints. Its few lightweight components can be manufactured with high accuracy with standard machining techniques.
Chemical Sensors Based on Metal Oxide Nanostructures (2006)

This paper is an overview of sensor development based on metal oxide nanostructures. While nanostructures such as nanorods show significant potential as enabling materials for chemical sensors, a number of significant technical challenges remain. The major issues addressed in this work revolve around the ability to make workable sensors. This paper discusses efforts to address three technical barriers related to the application of nanostructures into sensor systems: 1) Improving contact of the nanostructured materials with electrodes in a microsensor structure; 2) Controling nanostructure crystallinity to allow control of the detection mechanism; and 3) Widening the range of gases that can be detected by using different nanostructured materials. It is concluded that while this work demonstrates useful tools for further development, these are just the beginning steps towards realization of repeatable, controlled sensor systems using oxide based nanostructures.
Rule-Based Approach to Real-Time Distributed Adaptive Signal Control (1999)

Most solutions for the problem of adaptive signal control involve optimization of an objective function. This paper presents a departure from this approach and describes a rule-based algorithm for effective distributed adaptive signal control of traffic networks. The control strategy, which has been termed GASCAP (Generalized Adaptive Signal Control Algorithm Project), uses queue estimates and a set of rules to determine the signal state at each intersection in the network. The GASCAP queue estimation algorithm uses upstream detector information to estimate the number of vehicles approaching an intersection and the vehicles in queue. The queue estimation algorithm is relatively insensitive to the extreme variations that may exist for cycle-to-cycle turning percentages because it uses the concept of a “partial” vehicle. The queue estimation logic and the control logic used to determine the signal state reside locally at each intersection and can be implemented as a distributed system. The signal control logic consists of a set of rules for uncongested control and an algorithm that creates a fixed time plan for congested control. The occupancy of the upstream detectors on opposing approaches are used to determine if a node is experiencing congestion. This control strategy has been tested with the TSIS/CORSIM simulation tool for three arterial traffic networks. The traffic conditions and network geometries for these arterials provide a wide range of challenges for any adaptive control strategy. Results from simulation indicate that GASCAP significantly reduced the delay and increased the throughput for each of these networks.
Epitomics: IgG-epitome decoding of E6, E7 and L1 proteins from oncogenic human papillomavirus type 58 (2016)

To enable rational multi-epitope vaccine and diagnostic antigen design, it is imperative to delineate complete IgG-epitome of the protein. Here, we describe results of IgG-epitome decoding of three proteins from high-risk (HR-) oncogenic human papillomavirus type 58 (HPV58). To reveal their entire epitomes, employing peptide biosynthetic approach, 30 precise linear B-cell epitopes (BCEs) were mapped on E6, E7 and L1 proteins using rabbits antisera to the respective recombinant proteins. Using sequence alignment based on BCE minimal motif, the specificity and conservativeness of each mapped BCE were delineated mainly among known HR-HPVs, including finding 3 broadly antibody cross-reactive BCEs of L1 that each covers almost all HR-HPVs. Western blots revealed that 13 of the 18 BCEs within L1-epitome were recognized by murine antisera to HPV58 virus-like particles, suggesting that these are antibody accessible BCEs. Also, a highly conserved epitope (YGD/XTL) of E6 was found to exist only in known common HR-HPVs, which could be used as the first peptide reference marker for judging HR-HPVs. Altogether, this study provides systemic and exhaustive information on linear BCEs of HR-HPV58 that will facilitate development of novel multi-epitope diagnostic reagents/chips for testing viral antibodies and 'universal' preventive HPV peptide vaccine based on L1 conserved BCEs.
Directed assembly of ZnO nanowires on a Si substrate without a metal catalyst using a patterned ZnO seed layer (2005)

We demonstrate selective growth of vertically aligned ZnO nanowires on a (100) Si substrate using a patterned thin film ZnO seed layer. Metal catalysts, which can be a source of contamination, were not used. A single-crystalline structure with c-axis preferred orientation and a strong intrinsic near band edge photoluminescence peak at 380 nm with no detectable visible photoluminescence indicate a lack of defects and the high quality of the ZnO nanowires.
Further development of high-power pump laser diodes (2003)

AlGaAs/InGaAs based high power pump laser diodes with wavelength of around 980 nm are key products within erbium doped fiber amplifiers (EDFA) for today's long haul and metro-communication networks, whereas InGaAsP/InP based laser diodes with 14xx nm emission wavelength are relevant for advanced, but not yet widely-used Raman amplifiers. Due to the changing industrial environment cost reduction becomes a crucial factor in the development of new, pump modules. Therefore, pump laser chips were aggressively optimized in terms of power conversion and thermal stability, which allows operation without active cooling at temperatures exceeding 70°C. In addition our submarine-reliable single mode technology was extended to high power multi-mode laser diodes. These light sources can be used in the field of optical amplifiers as well as for medical, printing and industrial applications. Improvements of pump laser diodes in terms of power conversion efficiency, fiber Bragg grating (FBG) locking performance of single mode devices, noise reduction and reliability will be presented.
Magnetic suppression of arc blowout in a model arc furnace (1992)

The two most likely causes of electromagnetic instability in electric furnace arcs are shown to be the kink and the fire-hose instabilities. Stabilization by an externally imposed axially magnetic field is analyzed, and experimental results are presented demonstrating stabilization of a small, pulsed test arc by this method.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Enhancing memory controllers to improve dram power and performance (2006)

Technological advances and new architectural techniques have enabled processor performance to double almost every two years. However, these performance improvements have not resulted in comparable speedups for all applications, because the memory system performance has not kept pace with processor performance in modern systems. In this dissertation, by concentrating on the interface between the processors and memory, the memory controller, we propose novel solutions to all three aspects of the memory problem, that is bandwidth, latency, and power. 
To increase available bandwidth between the memory controller and DRAM, we introduce a new scheduling approach. To hide memory latency, we introduce a new hardware prefetching technique that is useful for applications with regular or irregular memory accesses. And finally, we show how memory controllers can be used to improve DRAM power consumption. 
We evaluate our techniques in the context of the memory controller of a highly tuned modern processor, the IBM Power5+. Our evaluation for both technical and commercial benchmarks in single-threaded and simultaneous multi-threaded environments show that our techniques for bandwidth increase, latency hiding, and power reduction achieve significant improvements. For example, for single-threaded applications, when our scheduling approach and prefetching method are implemented together, they improve the performance of the SPEC2006fp, NAS, and a set of commercial benchmarks by 14.3%. 13.7%, and 11.2%, respectively. 
In addition to providing substantial performance and power improvements, our techniques are superior to the previously proposed methods in terms of cost as well. For example, a version of our scheduling approach has been implemented in the Power5+, and it has increased the transistor count of the chip by only 0.02%. 
This dissertation shows that without increasing the complexity of neither the processor nor the memory organization, all three aspects of memory systems can be significantly improved with low-cost enhancements to the memory controller.
Impact modified isotatic polypropylene with controlled rubber intrinsic viscosities: Some new aspects about morphology and fracture (2002)

Abstract The influence of the molecular weight of the dispersed phase of ethylene–propylene rubber modified isotactic polypropylene (iPP/EPR) reactor blends was studied in a systematic way by varying their intrinsic viscosity (IV) from 1.7 to 6 dg/L while keeping the matrix melt flow rate (MFR) constant. Standard Charpy measurements were completed by a continuous analysis of the impact properties over a wide range of temperatures at fixed test speed. As expected, the higher the IV, the tougher the iPP/EPR blends. However, ductile–brittle transitions as key mechanical descriptors did not correlate linearly with M w , suggesting the macroscopic behavior of the blend to be controlled primarily by the morphology of the EPR particles. Moreover, strong correlations were found between impact mechanical properties, amount of stress‐whitening, and strength of the molecular relaxations estimated from dynamical mechanical analysis. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 87: 1702–1712, 2003
High soluble CD44 and total protein levels in oral rinses are strongly associated with head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (2007)

A66 Introduction: Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) is a devastating disease that is cured only 50% of the time largely due to late stage diagnosis. Because there is no established screening program for this disease, we aim to identify simple, noninvasive molecular-based tools that detect HNSCC at an early, treatable stage. Our previous work shows that soluble CD44 (solCD44) levels and total protein levels are elevated in HNSCC patients compared to controls. Here we examine whether the combination of these two tests holds promise for early detection of HNSCC.  >Methods: We performed the solCD44 ELISA (Bender MedSystems, Vienna, Austria) and total protein (Bio-Rad, Hercules, California) assays following the manufacturers recommendations with our modifications on oral rinse samples from 102 HNSCC cancer patients and 84 controls. Controls included 69 subjects with benign disease and 15 disease-free volunteers.  >Results: High levels of both solCD44 and total protein are significantly associated (OR= 24.8, 95% CI = 8.6, 71.4) with HNSCC suggesting that these markers may be useful in combination. Similar to solCD44 levels, total protein levels vary with tumor site but not tumor size, stage or history of prior treatment. Tobacco use history was available for 42 HNSCC patients and 71 controls. For both solCD44 and total protein, HNSCC smokers did not differ from HNSCC nonsmokers and control smokers did not differ from control nonsmokers.  >Conclusions: The combination of solCD44 and total protein levels may be useful for early detection of HNSCC. History of tobacco use does not appear to significantly impact results indicating that these tests may suitable for high-risk populations.