gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
New winding configurations for doubly salient reluctance machines (1996)

This paper develops the concept of employing a fully pitched winding in a doubly-salient reluctance motor. In a conventional switched reluctance machine, there is complete magnetic decoupling between phases, so that torque is produced entirely due to the rate of change of winding self-inductance. This effectively limits each phase to contributing to positive torque production to a maximum of one-half of the cycle of rotation. If the same machine is wound with fully pitched windings, then it can be shown that the new configuration produces torque entirely as a result of changing mutual inductance between phases, while maintaining a unipolar conduction sequence. Compared with the conventional short-pitched winding machine, far better utilization of the electric circuit results, with each phase contributing to positive torque production for at least two-thirds of the cycle of rotation. A subsequent increase in torque per unit volume inevitably results. The application of such an idea to three-phase switched reluctance motors (SRMs) is developed theoretically and through a series of experimental tests upon a 7.5 kW machine, showing static torque curves for the new machine and comparing them to a conventionally wound SRM.
<b>Principles of Laparoscopic Surgery. Basic and Advanced Techniques</b> (1996)

Vlll open methods to try to place the newer techniques in perspective.Section III looks at the important developments in the specialty areas, with an extensive look into gynecology and urology.Angioscopy in venous and arterial intraluminal surgery provides a window to potential developments that may find applications in abdominal surgery.Three-dimensional ultrasound reconstruction of arterial plaques provide a titillating preview of an exciting new imaging modality.Section IV deals extensively with the technology presently being used and provides an insight into potentially useful future technology.The surgeon will have the opportunity to better understand the mechanisms of tissue ablation with laser and electrocautery, the dynamics of stone destruction with electrohydraulic and shock wave lithotripsy, as well as the physics of light and image transmission necessary to couple intraperitoneal images to the video screen.The editors hope that this textbook will provide the surgeon with the techniques, and clinical and scientific information necessary to advance his or her skills in this modern era of surgery.
Identifying and Planning for Individualized Change (2019)

Identifying and planning strategies that support a healthy lifestyle or manage a chronic disease often require patient-provider collaboration. For example, people with healthy eating goals often share everyday food, exercise, or sleep data with health coaches or nutritionists to find opportunities for change, and patients with irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) often gather food and symptom data as part of working with providers to diagnose and manage symptoms. However, a lack of effective support often prevents health experts from reviewing large amounts of data in time-constrained visits, prevents focusing on individual goals, and prevents generating correct, individualized, and actionable recommendations. To examine how to design photo-based diaries to help people and health experts exchange knowledge and focus on collaboration goals when reviewing the data together, we designed and developed Foodprint, a photo-based food diary. Foodprint includes three components: (1) A mobile app supporting lightweight data collection, (2) a web app with photo-based visualization and quantitative visualizations supporting collaborative reflection, and (3) a pre-visit note communicating an individual's expectations and questions to experts. We deployed Foodprint in two studies: (1) with 17 people with healthy eating goals and 7 health experts, and (2) with 16 IBS patients and 8 health experts. Building upon the lens of boundary negotiating artifacts and findings from two field studies, our research contributes design principles to (1) prepare individuals to collect data relevant to their health goals and for collaboration, (2) help health experts focus on an individual's eating context, experiences, and goals in collaborative review, and (3) support individuals and experts to develop individualized, actionable plans and strategies.
Measurement of Soil Water Content with a 50-MHz Soil Dielectric Sensor (2004)

The Hydra Probe1 is a relatively inexpensive and widely used soil water content (θ, m3 m−3) sensor. It measures both the real (εr) and imaginary (εi) components of the complex soil dielectric constant at 50 MHz. Our objectives were to: (i) determine the accuracy and precision of Hydra Probe dielectric measurements, (ii) establish an electrical conductivity limit for Hydra Probe measurements, (iii) document effects of soil type and temperature, and (iv) relate these results to much more thoroughly studied relationships established for time domain reflectometry (TDR). We evaluated Hydra Probe εr measurement precision and accuracy in air, ethanol, butanol, and water. Electrical conductivity effects were established in a series of aqueous KCl solutions. Effects of soil type on calibration were evaluated with four soils. Temperature sensitivity was tested in air, oven-dried, and nearly saturated soil. Each test was performed with three sensors. We found that, in fluids, the sensors were accurate (εr within 0.5), precise (coefficient of variation [CV] < 1%), and that inter-sensor variability was generally low except in KCl solutions with electrical conductivities >0.142 S m−1 (0.01 M). There was a strong correlation between θ and εr for all soils tested but the θ–εr relationship varied with soil. Deviations of measured θ–εr from the Topp equation increased in magnitude with εi, which may be the key to more general calibrations. Temperature effects on εr were negligible in oven dry soils and different for each soil when nearly saturated. The largest temperature effect relative to 25°C was ±0.03 m3 m−3 In general, it appears that differences between Hydra Probe and TDR measurements are related to differences in soil dielectric properties at the measurement frequencies of the two instruments.
Neuron MOS binary-logic integrated circuits. I. Design fundamentals and soft-hardware-logic circuit implementation (1993)

Described are the fundamental design principles for binary-logic circuits using a highly functional device called the neuron MOS transistor ( nu MOS), a single MOS transistor simulating the function of biological neurons. To facilitate logic design employing this transistor, a graphical technique called the floating-gate potential diagram has been developed. It is shown that any Boolean functions can be generated using a common circuit configuration of two-stage nu MOS inverters. One of the most striking features of nu MOS binary-logic application is the realization of a so-called soft hardware logic circuit. The circuit can be made to represent any logic function (AND, OR, NAND, NOR, exclusive-NOR, exclusive-OR, etc.) by adjusting external control signals without any modifications in its hardware configuration. The circuit allows real-time reconfigurable systems to be built. Test circuits were fabricated by a double-polysilicon CMOS process and their operation was experimentally verified.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
The elusive goal of workload characterization (1999)

The study and design of computer systems requires good models of the workload to which these systems are subjected. Until recently, the data necessary to build these models---observations from production installations---were not available, especially for parallel computers. Instead, most models were based on assumptions and mathematical attributes that facilitate analysis. Recently a number of supercomputer sites have made accounting data available that make it possible to build realistic workload models. It is not clear, however, how to generalize from specific observations to an abstract model of the workload. This paper presents observations of workloads from several parallel supercomputers and discusses modeling issues that have caused problems for researchers in this area.
Parallel Comparison of 4-1BB or CD28 Co-stimulated CD19-Targeted CAR-T Cells for B Cell Non-Hodgkin’s Lymphoma (2019)

CD19-targeted chimeric antigen receptor-T (CAR-T) cells with CD28 or 4-1BB (28z CAR-T and BBz CAR-T) have shown great promise to treat relapsed or refractory (r/r) B cell non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (B-NHL). However, comparison of their clinical outcomes has never been reported. This study investigated their efficacy and adverse events in B-NHL therapy. Six patients with r/r B-NHL were initially enrolled and infused with 28z or BBz CAR-T cells at a dose of 0.75-5 × 10<sup>5</sup>/kg. These CAR-T cells showed similar antitumor efficacies, with a complete response (CR) rate of 67% within 3 months. BBz CAR-T was well tolerated. However, severe cytokine release syndrome and immune effector cell-associated neurotoxicity syndrome occurred in the 28z CAR-T cohort, resulting in the termination of further evaluation of 28z CAR-T. Three more patients were enrolled to investigate BBz CAR-T cells in-depth at an escalated dose (1 × 10<sup>6</sup>/kg). All cases achieved CR within 3 months, and only grade 1/2 adverse events occurred. This study suggests that 4-1BB is more beneficial for the clinical performance of CAR-T cells than CD28 in CD19-targeted B-NHL therapy, at least under our manufacturing process.
Detection of Carcinoma of the Prostate Utilizing Biochemical Observations (1980)

This review presents the current status of attempts to identify individuals with a high risk of carcinoma of the prostate by using biochemical, immunochemical, and immunologic studies of body fluids. Blood, urine, and prostatic fluid have been subjected to a variety of analyses in attempts to find alterations that are sufficiently specific and sensitive enough to be useful in the early recognition of patients with a high probability of localized or disseminated carcinoma of the prostate. A variety of immunologic and immunochemical techniques to identify and quantify acid phosphatase of prostatic origin in the serum are currently being explored for this purpose; as yet, none has achieved the specificity-sensitivity relationship necessary for widespread clinical application. Biochemical studies of prostatic fluid have disclosed a reversal of the lactic dehydrogenase (LDH) isoenzyme pattern with a predominance of LDH-V and increased levels of transferrin, complement C<sub>3</sub> and possibly complement C<sub>4</sub> in association with carcinoma of the prostate. The value of these non-specific changes is increased by the probable direct relationship between prostatic epithelial cell metabolism and changes in prostatic fluid composition. These approaches to identify individuals with a high risk of carcinoma of the prostate hold promise; they should be continued and expanded.
Molecular Oncology and the Neoadjuvant Setting: the Perfect Blend for Treatment Personalization and Clinical Trial Design (2011)

Breast cancer is a heterogeneous disease. Predictive molecular markers are crucial in patient management, but the only recommended predictive biomarkers are estrogen and progesterone receptors and HER2. There are many new targeted therapies, and although the target pathway expression is readily analyzed on conventional pathology, the dynamic response cannot be assessed and pathway expression is no guarantee it has a major driver role, even if mutated. Selecting therapies requires considering the patient, the molecular characteristics of the tumor, and the microenvironment of the tumor. Thus, the integration of molecular pathology, imaging, and early tumor biological response to therapy may provide evidence of drug activity and allow more rapid changes of therapy. The adaptive response of the tumor is a key resistance mechanism that can be assessed readily in the neoadjuvant setting. Although there are no markers that meet all surrogacy criteria, their use could provide crucial information on mechanisms of drug sensitivity/resistance. Validation of such markers requires a major emphasis on neoadjuvant trials to relate early-biomarker response to outcome.
Genome recoding by tRNA modifications (2016)

RNA modifications are emerging as an additional regulatory layer on top of the primary RNA sequence. These modifications are particularly enriched in tRNAs where they can regulate not only global protein translation, but also protein translation at the codon level. Modifications located in or in the vicinity of tRNA anticodons are highly conserved in eukaryotes and have been identified as potential regulators of mRNA decoding. Recent studies have provided novel insights into how these modifications orchestrate the speed and fidelity of translation to ensure proper protein homeostasis. This review highlights the prominent modifications in the tRNA anticodon loop: queuosine, inosine, 5-methoxycarbonylmethyl-2-thiouridine, wybutosine, threonyl-carbamoyl-adenosine and 5-methylcytosine. We discuss the functional relevance of these modifications in protein translation and their emerging role in eukaryotic genome recoding during cellular adaptation and disease.
Human milk oligosaccharides prevent Necrotizing Enterocolitis in neonatal rats (2010)

Necrotizing Enterocolitis (NEC) is the most common and often fatal intestinal disorder in preterm infants. Breast‐fed infants are at much lower risk to develop NEC than formula‐fed infants. We hypothesize that Human Milk Oligosaccharides (HMO), complex glycans highly abundant in breast milk but not in formula, contribute to the protective effects of breast‐feeding. In an established NEC model neonatal Sprague‐Dawley rats were either left with the dam to serve as breast‐fed control or orally gavaged with formula without and with HMO. All pups were exposed to hypoxia thrice a day, sacrificed on day 4, and their intestines analyzed for macroscopic and microscopic signs of NEC. Histology sections of the terminal ileum were scored blindly from 0 (healthy) to 4 (complete destruction). The average pathology score in breast‐fed pups was 0.15+/−0.34. It was significantly increased to 1.98+/−1.11 in pups receiving formula without HMO (P<0.001). Addition of HMO reduced the pathology score to 0.44+/−0.30, which was significantly lower than in the group receiving formula without HMO (P<0.001) but not different from the breast‐fed control. Galactooligosaccharides (GOS), currently added to most infant formula to mimic HMO, had no effect. We are now identifying individual HMO responsible for the beneficial effects and aim to understand the underlying molecular mechanisms. (Supported by NIH K99/R00DK078668 to LB)
Structural characterization of semifluorinated n-alkanes. 2. Solid-solid transition behavior (1986)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTStructural characterization of semifluorinated n-alkanes. 2. Solid-solid transition behaviorThomas P. Russell, John F. Rabolt, Robert J. Twieg, Richard L. Siemens, and Barry L. FarmerCite this: Macromolecules 1986, 19, 4, 1135–1143Publication Date (Print):April 1, 1986Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 April 1986https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ma00158a035https://doi.org/10.1021/ma00158a035research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views430Altmetric-Citations153LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Biological insights from 108 schizophrenia-associated genetic loci (2020)

SummarySchizophrenia is a highly heritable disorder. Genetic risk is conferred by a large number of alleles, including common alleles of small effect that might be detected by genome-wide association studies. Here, we report a multi-stage schizophrenia genome-wide association study of up to 36,989 cases and 113,075 controls. We identify 128 independent associations spanning 108 conservatively defined loci that meet genome-wide significance, 83 of which have not been previously reported. Associations were enriched among genes expressed in brain providing biological plausibility for the findings. Many findings have the potential to provide entirely novel insights into aetiology, but associations at DRD2 and multiple genes involved in glutamatergic neurotransmission highlight molecules of known and potential therapeutic relevance to schizophrenia, and are consistent with leading pathophysiological hypotheses. Independent of genes expressed in brain, associations were enriched among genes expressed in tissues that play important roles in immunity, providing support for the hypothesized link between the immune system and schizophrenia.
Powder NMR crystallography of thymol (2009)

A protocol for the structure determination of powdered solids at natural abundance by NMR is presented and illustrated for the case of the small drug molecule thymol. The procedure uses proton spin-diffusion data from two-dimensional NMR experiments in combination with periodic DFT refinements incorporating (1)H and (13)C NMR chemical shifts. For thymol, the method yields a crystal structure for the powdered sample, which differs by an atomic root-mean-square-deviation (all atoms except methyl group protons) of only 0.07 A from the single crystal X-ray diffraction structure with DFT-optimized proton positions.
Synthesis and Structure−Activity Studies on <i>N</i>-[5-(1<i>H</i>-Imidazol-4-yl)-5,6,7,8-tetrahydro-1-naphthalenyl]methanesulfonamide, an Imidazole-Containing α<sub>1A</sub>-Adrenoceptor Agonist (2004)

Structure-activity studies were performed on the alpha(1A)-adrenoceptor (AR) selective agonist N-[5-(1H-imidazol-4-yl)-5,6,7,8-tetrahydro-1-naphthalenyl]methanesulfonamide (4). Compounds were evaluated for binding activity at the alpha(1A), alpha(1b), alpha(1d), alpha(2a), and alpha(2B) subtypes. Functional activity in tissues containing the alpha(1A) (rabbit urethra), alpha(1B) (rat spleen), alpha(1D) (rat aorta), and alpha(2A) (rat prostatic vas deferens) was also evaluated. A dog in vivo model simultaneously measuring intraurethral pressure (IUP) and mean arterial pressure (MAP) was used to assess the uroselectivity of the compounds. Many of the compounds that were highly selective in vitro for the alpha(1A)-AR subtype were also more uroselective in vivo for increasing IUP over MAP than the nonselective alpha(1)-agonists phenylpropanolamine (PPA) (1) and ST-1059 (2, the active metabolite of midodrine), supporting the hypothesis that greater alpha(1A) selectivity would reduce cardiovascular side effects. However, the data also support a prominent role of the alpha(1A)-AR subtype in the control of MAP.
Elongation by Escherichia coli RNA polymerase is blocked in vitro by a site-specific DNA binding protein. (1990)

As a means of determining how elongating RNA polymerase responds to a protein in its path, transcription has been carried out in vitro with the purified Escherichia coli enzyme on templates associated with a sequence-specific DNA binding protein. The major RNA species generated is the length expected from RNA polymerase which has transcribed to the position of the bound protein and is unable to elongate further. The binding proteins used are two mutants of the EcoRI endonuclease which are defective in cleavage function but retain high affinity for the wild-type recognition sequence (Wright, D. J., King, K., and Modrich, P. (1989) J. Biol. Chem. 264, 11816-11821). Blockage of RNA polymerase occurs on linear and circular templates and, although efficient with both proteins, is more effective for the EcoRI derivative with the slower dissociation rate. The protein-blocked transcription complexes are stable over time and remain in an active form, resuming elongation when the blocking protein is displaced by an increase in ionic strength. These paused ternary complexes, if treated with the termination factor rho, undergo release. The 3' ends of the blocked-length RNAs from DNAs of distinct sequences reveal that the ternary complexes are positioned at a constant distance from the protein block, 14 nucleotides upstream of the EcoRI recognition sequence. This information is combined with exonuclease III footprinting data to position the 3' end of the nascent RNA chain in the ternary complex quite near (approximately 7 nucleotides) the leading edge of RNA polymerase.
Graded Symmetry Algebras of Time-Dependent Evolution Equations and Application to the Modified KP Equations (1997)

By starting from known graded Lie algebras, including Virasoro algebras, new kinds of time-dependent evolution equations are found possessing graded symmetry algebras. The modified KP equations are taken as an illustrative example: new modified KP equations with m arbitrary time-dependent coefficients are obtained possessing symmetries involving m arbitrary functions of time. A particular graded symmetry algebra for the modified KP equations is derived in this connection homomorphic to the Virasoro algebras.
Static routing in symmetric real-time network-on-chips (2012)

With the rising number of cores on a single chip the question on how to organize the communication among those cores becomes more and more relevant. A common solution is to use a network-on-chip (NoC) that provides communication bandwidth, routing, and arbitration among the cores. The use of NoCs in real-time systems is problematic, since the shared network and all cores connected to it have to be analyzed to derive time bounds of real-time tasks.
A Structured Prediction Approach for Generalization in Cooperative Multi-Agent Reinforcement Learning (2019)

Effective coordination is crucial to solve multi-agent collaborative (MAC) problems. While centralized reinforcement learning methods can optimally solve small MAC instances, they do not scale to large problems and they fail to generalize to scenarios different from those seen during training. In this paper, we consider MAC problems with some intrinsic notion of locality (e.g., geographic proximity) such that interactions between agents and tasks are locally limited. By leveraging this property, we introduce a novel structured prediction approach to assign agents to tasks. At each step, the assignment is obtained by solving a centralized optimization problem (the inference procedure) whose objective function is parameterized by a learned scoring model. We propose different combinations of inference procedures and scoring models able to represent coordination patterns of increasing complexity. The resulting assignment policy can be efficiently learned on small problem instances and readily reused in problems with more agents and tasks (i.e., zero-shot generalization). We report experimental results on a toy search and rescue problem and on several target selection scenarios in StarCraft: Brood War, in which our model significantly outperforms strong rule-based baselines on instances with 5 times more agents and tasks than those seen during training.