gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
First Nucleophilic Aromatic Substitution of Annelated Pyrazole (2001)

3-Chloropyrazolo[3,4-c]quinoline 5, 3-chloropyrazolo[3,4-c]isoquinoline 6, 1,2-dihydro-1,2-dimethylpyrazolo[3,4-c]quinolin-3-one 8, and 1,2-dihydro-1,2-dimethylpyrazolo[3,4-c]isoquinolin-3-one 10 were obtained by acid-induced nucleophilic aromatic substitution (S(N)H) of H-3 in N-hydroxypyrazolo[3,4-c]quinoline 1b and in N-hydroxy pyrazolo[3,4-c]isoquinoline 3b. In the acid-induced chlorination, 3b was far more reactive than 1b, whereas the related N-hydroxypyrazolo[4,3-c]quinoline 2b and N-hydroxypyrazolo[4,3-c]isoquinoline 4b were completely unreactive toward S(N)H under identical conditions.
Classes That Click: Fast, Rich Feedback to Enhance Student Learning and Satisfaction (2010)

B ackground Our goal is to improve student learning in foundation engineering courses. These courses are prerequisite to many higher‐level courses and are comprised of critically needed concepts and skills. P urpose (H ypothesis ) We hypothesize that learning is improved by providing rapid feedback to students on their understanding of key concepts and skills. Such feedback also provides students with insight into their strategies for learning. D esign /M ethod In two consecutive years, we conducted this study in two sections of a lower‐level engineering mechanics course, Statics. One author taught both sections and a crossover design of experiment was used. In a crossover design, one section was randomly chosen to receive feedback with handheld computers (the “treatment” group) while the other received the “control,” which was either a feedback system using flashcards (in year 1) or no feedback (year 2). After a certain period, the two sections swapped the treatment and control. Student performance on a quiz at the end of each treatment period provided the data for comparison using an analysis of variance model with covariates. R esults Findings from year 1 showed that there was no significant difference using either rapid‐feedback method. In year 2 we found a significant and positive effect when students received feedback. C onclusions This is a noteworthy finding, albeit within the constraints of the environment in which we conducted the study, that provides more evidence for the value of rapid feedback and the currently popular “clickers” that many professors are employing to promote classroom interaction and student engagement.
Autonomous Vehicle Motion Planning via Recurrent Spline Optimization (2021)

Trajectory planning in dynamic environments can be decomposed into two sub-problems: 1) planning a path to avoid static obstacles, 2) then planning a speed profile to avoid dynamic obstacles. This is also called path-speed decomposition. In this work, we present a novel approach to solve the first sub-problem, motion planning with static obstacles. From an optimization perspective, motion planning for autonomous vehicles can be viewed as non-convex constrained nonlinear optimization, which requires a good enough initial guess to start and is often sensitive to algorithm parameters. We formulate motion planning as convex spline optimization. The convexity of the formulated problem makes it able to be solved fast and reliably, while guaranteeing a global optimum. We then reorganize the constrained spline optimization into a recurrent formulation, which further reduces the computational time to be linear in the optimization horizon size. The proposed method can be applied to both trajectory generation and motion planning problems. Its effectiveness is demonstrated in challenging scenarios such as tight lane changes and sharp turns.
Air Traffic Management Technology Demonstration-1 Concept of Operations (ATD-1 ConOps) (2012)

Since its founding, NASA has been dedicated to the advancement of aeronautics and space science. The
Multiplex Real-Time PCR Assays that Measure the Abundance of Extremely Rare Mutations Associated with Cancer (2016)

We describe the use of "SuperSelective" primers that enable the detection and quantitation of somatic mutations whose presence relates to cancer diagnosis, prognosis, and therapy, in real-time PCR assays that can potentially analyze rare DNA fragments present in blood samples (liquid biopsies). The design of these deoxyribonucleotide primers incorporates both a relatively long "5' anchor sequence" that hybridizes strongly to target DNA fragments, and a very short, physically and functionally separate, "3' foot sequence" that is perfectly complementary to the mutant target sequence, but mismatches the wild-type sequence. As few as ten mutant fragments can reliably be detected in the presence of 1,000,000 wild-type fragments, even when the difference between the mutant and the wild type is only a single nucleotide polymorphism. Multiplex PCR assays employing a set of SuperSelective primers, and a corresponding set of differently colored molecular beacon probes, can be used in situations where the different mutations, though occurring in different cells, are located in the same codon. These non-symmetric real-time multiplex PCR assays contain limited concentrations of each SuperSelective primer, thereby enabling the simultaneous determination of each mutation's abundance by comparing its threshold value to the threshold value of a reference gene present in the sample.
Nerve growth factor prevents the amblyopic effects of monocular deprivation. (1991)

Monocular deprivation early in life causes dramatic changes in the functional organization of mammalian visual cortex and severe reduction in visual acuity and contrast sensitivity of the deprived eye. We tested whether or not these changes could be from competition between the afferents from the two eyes for a target-derived neurotrophic factor. Rats monocularly deprived during early postnatal development were treated with repetitive intraventricular injections or topical administration of nerve growth factor. The effects of monocular deprivation were then assessed electrophysiologically. In untreated animals visual acuity and contrast sensitivity of the deprived eye were strongly reduced, whereas in nerve growth factor-treated animals these parameters were normal.
Cobalt lithium calixarene X-ray diffraction data (2021)

.ins and .hkl files for 7 crystal structures of Co and Li with calix-8-arene.
Real-time 3D hand tracking in a virtual environment (2003)

The development of a reliable untethered interactive virtual environment has long been a goal of the VR community. Several nonmagnetic tracking systems have been developed in recent years based on optical, acoustic, and mechanical solutions. However, an inexpensive, effective, and unobtrusive tracking solution remains elusive. This paper presents a camera based three-dimensional hand tracking system implemented in the PARIS augmented reality environment and used to drive a demonstration application.
Improved Plasmid-Based Inducible and Constitutive Gene Expression in Corynebacterium glutamicum (2021)

<i>Corynebacterium glutamicum</i> has been safely used in white biotechnology for the last 60 years and the portfolio of new pathways and products is increasing rapidly. Hence, expression vectors play a central role in discovering endogenous gene functions and in establishing heterologous gene expression. In this work, new expression vectors were designed based on two strategies: (i) a library screening of constitutive native and synthetic promoters and (ii) an increase of the plasmid copy number. Both strategies were combined and resulted in a very strong expression and overproduction of the fluorescence protein GfpUV. As a second test case, the improved vector for constitutive expression was used to overexpress the endogenous xylulokinase gene <i>xylB</i> in a synthetic operon with xylose isomerase gene <i>xylA</i> from <i>Xanthomonas campestris</i>. The xylose isomerase activity in crude extracts was increased by about three-fold as compared to that of the parental vector. In terms of application, the improved vector for constitutive <i>xylA</i> and <i>xylB</i> expression was used for production of the <i>N</i>-methylated amino acid sarcosine from monomethylamine, acetate, and xylose. As a consequence, the volumetric productivity of sarcosine production was 50% higher as compared to that of the strain carrying the parental vector.
1.5 V high speed low powerCMOS current sense amplifier (1995)

A 1.5 V high speed low power current sense amplifier for CMOS SRAMs is described. The design is based on the current mode approach and it can be fabricated using a standard CMOS process. The sensing speed is independent of the bit and data line capacitances and no equalisation is needed during the read access. HSPICE simulations have shown that the proposed circuit outperforms the recently reported circuits in terms of speed and average power dissipation.
SUBCLAVIAN STEAL SYNDROME: A CASE REPORT (2014)

Subclavian steal syndrome is a relatively rare condition that results from occlusion of the subclavian artery proximal to the origin of the vertebral artery. This causes a reversal in the direction of the blood flow in the vertebral artery, leading to symptoms of vertebrobasilar insufficiency. In this article, we report a case of subclavian steal syndrome in an elderly female, who was investigated with Doppler and CT angiography in our department.
Reduced Feedback Schemes Using Random Beamforming in MIMO Broadcast Channels (2009)

A random beamforming scheme for the Gaussian MIMO broadcast channel with channel quality feedback is investigated and extended. Considering the case where the <i xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">n</i> receivers each have <i xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">N</i> receive antennas, the effects of feeding back various amounts of signal-to-interference-plus-noise ratio (SINR) information are analyzed. Using the results from order statistics of the ratio of a linear combination of exponential random variables, the distribution function of the maximum order statistic of the SINR observed at the receiver is found. The analysis from viewing each antenna as an individual user is extended to allow combining at the receivers, where it is known that the linear MMSE combiner is the optimal linear receiver and the CDF for the SINR after optimal combining is derived. Analytically, using the Delta Method, the asymptotic distribution of the maximum order statistic of the SINR with and without combining is shown to be, in the nomenclature of extreme order statistics, of type 3. The throughput of the feedback schemes are shown to exhibit optimal scaling asymptotically in the number of users. Finally, to further reduce the amount of feedback, a hard threshold is applied to the SINR feedback. The amount of feedback saved by implementing a hard threshold is determined and the effect on the system throughput is analyzed and bounded.
Compact Magnetic Field Sensor Based on a Magnetic-Fluid-Integrated Fiber Interferometer (2019)

A compact, low-cost, fiber-compatible magnetic field sensor based on multimodal interference in an S-taper and up-fusion-taper fiber modal interferometer is designed and experimentally demonstrated. The spectral characteristics in response to applied magnetic field and environmental temperature have been analyzed in detail. Experimental results indicate that the magnetic sensitivity reaches -0.03464 nm/Oe for a magnetic field ranging from 40 to 160 Oe. The proposed sensor has a maximum temperature sensitivity of 0.04889 nm/°C when the temperature increases from 27 to 45 °C. The effect of temperature on wavelength shift could be resolved by using a matrix containing the magnetic field and temperature sensitivities for two selected interferometric dips.
Human Behavior Cognition Using Smartphone Sensors (2013)

This research focuses on sensing context, modeling human behavior and developing a new architecture for a cognitive phone platform. We combine the latest positioning technologies and phone sensors to capture human movements in natural environments and use the movements to study human behavior. Contexts in this research are abstracted as a Context Pyramid which includes six levels: Raw Sensor Data, Physical Parameter, Features/Patterns, Simple Contextual Descriptors, Activity-Level Descriptors, and Rich Context. To achieve implementation of the Context Pyramid on a cognitive phone, three key technologies are utilized: ubiquitous positioning, motion recognition, and human behavior modeling. Preliminary tests indicate that we have successfully achieved the Activity-Level Descriptors level with our LoMoCo (Location-Motion-Context) model. Location accuracy of the proposed solution is up to 1.9 meters in corridor environments and 3.5 meters in open spaces. Test results also indicate that the motion states are recognized with an accuracy rate up to 92.9% using a Least Square-Support Vector Machine (LS-SVM) classifier.
Neutron detector using sol-gel absorber (2023)

An neutron detector composed of fissionable material having ions of lithium, uranium, thorium, plutonium, or neptunium, contained within a glass film fabricated using a sol-gel method combined with a particle detector is disclosed. When the glass film is bombarded with neutrons, the fissionable material emits fission particles and electrons. Prompt emitting activated elements yielding a high energy electron contained within a sol-gel glass film in combination with a particle detector is also disclosed. The emissions resulting from neutron bombardment can then be detected using standard UV and particle detection methods well known in the art, such as microchannel plates, channeltrons, and silicon avalanche photodiodes.
Redirecting rumen fermentation to reduce methanogenesis (2008)

Methane production in ruminants has received global attention in relation to its contribution to the greenhouse gas effect and global warming. In the last two decades, research programs in Europe, Oceania and North America have explored a variety of approaches to redirecting reducing equivalents towards other reductive substrates as a means of decreasing methane production in ruminants. Some approaches such as vaccination, biocontrols (bacteriophage, bacteriocins) and chemical inhibitors directly target methanogens. Other approaches, such as defaunation, diet manipulations including various plant extracts or organic acids, and promotion of acetogenic populations, seek to lower the supply of metabolic hydrogen to methanogens. The microbial ecology of the rumen ecosystem is exceedingly complex and the ability of this system to efficiently convert complex carbohydrates to fermentable sugars is in part due to the effective disposal of H2 through reduction of CO2 to methane by methanogens. Although methane production can be inhibited for short periods, the ecology of the system is such that it frequently reverts back to initial levels of methane production though a variety of adaptive mechanisms. Hydrogen flow in the rumen can be modelled stoichiometrically, but accounting for H2 by direct measurement of reduced substrates often does not concur with the predictions of stoichiometric models. Clearly, substantial gaps remain in our knowledge of the intricacies of hydrogen flow within the ruminal ecosystem. Further characterisation of the fundamental microbial biochemistry of hydrogen generation and methane production in the rumen may provide insight for development of effective strategies for reducing methane emissions from ruminants.
ChemInform Abstract: THE USE OF POLYMER SUPPORTS IN ORGANIC SYNTHESIS. XI. THE PREPARATION OF MONOETHERS OF SYMMETRICAL DIHYDROXY AROMATIC COMPOUNDS (1978)

Abstract Das Polymere (Ib) [erhältlich aus vernetztem (2%) Divinylbenzo1‐Styrol‐Copolymerem über die polymergebundene Benzoesäure (Ia)] reagiert mit symm. aromatischen Dihydroxyverbindungen (II) unter Bildung der polymergebundenen Monoester (III); nach Veretherung der freien OH‐ Gruppen und hydrolytischer Abspaltung vom′ Polymeren werden die gewünschten Monoether (V) erhalten.
Classification of acceleration data for biometric gait recognition on mobile devices (2011)

Abstract: Ubiquitous mobile devices like smartphones and tablets are often not se-cured against unauthorized access as the users tend to not use passwords because of convenience reasons. Therefore, this study proposes an alternative user authentica-tion method for mobile devices based on gait biometrics. The gait characteristics are captured using the built-in accelerometer of a smartphone. Various features are ex-tracted from the measured accelerations and utilized to train a support vector machine (SVM). Among the extracted features are the Mel- and Bark-frequency cepstral coef-ficients (MFCC, BFCC) which are commonly used in speech and speaker recognition and have not been used for gait recognition previously. The proposed approach showed competitive recognition performance, yielding 5.9 % FMR at 6.3 % FNMR in a mixed-day scenario. 1
P-252 - Efficacy of oral dimercaptosuccinic acid (DMSA) therapy in a sample of arab children with autistic spectrum disorder (2012)

Autism is a severe disorder that impacts social, communicative and behavioral function. It is diagnosed in young children and affects them for life. Some researchers have noticed that autism symptoms are similar to symptoms associated with toxic metal poisoning. The oral chelator 2,3-dimercaptosuccinic acid (DMSA) was used to mobilize heavy metals from extra vascular pools in children with (ASD). DMSA is an effective therapy to remove a variety of toxic metals from children and it helps in improvement of autistic criteria. find the relation between urine toxic metals of autistic children and severity of autistic symptoms. examine whether DMSA is beneficial for children with autism. The participants were 44 Autistic Spectrum Disorder Saudi children (3–9 years) who were diagnosed according to DSM IV criteria. All were subjected to a parental semi-structured psychiatric interview and the Childhood Autism Rating Scale (CARS). The baseline urine samples were taken from autistic children and sent to the German laboratory for the detection of heavy metals. The children were assesed clinically immediately before and after the sixth month of DMSA intake. post DMSA was taken from each child for re-analysis months. There was positive correlation of Aluminum, vanadium, mercury, uranium with some subscales of CARS. After treatment with DMSA, there was statistical significant difference in the mean level of mercury and lead before and after chelation. There was significant difference in the mean score of CARS before and after management with DMSA chelation regarding some subscales and the total score of CARS.
PILOT: Physics-Informed Learned Optimized Trajectories for Accelerated MRI (2019)

Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) has long been considered to be among "the gold standards" of diagnostic medical imaging. The long acquisition times, however, render MRI prone to motion artifacts, let alone their adverse contribution to the relative high costs of MRI examination. Over the last few decades, multiple studies have focused on the development of both physical and post-processing methods for accelerated acquisition of MRI scans. These two approaches, however, have so far been addressed separately. On the other hand, recent works in optical computational imaging have demonstrated growing success of concurrent learning-based design of data acquisition and image reconstruction schemes. Such schemes have already demonstrated substantial effectiveness, leading to considerably shorter acquisition times and improved quality of image reconstruction. Inspired by this initial success, in this work, we propose a novel approach to the learning of optimal schemes for conjoint acquisition and reconstruction of MRI scans, with the optimization carried out simultaneously with respect to the time-efficiency of data acquisition and the quality of resulting reconstructions. To be of a practical value, the schemes are encoded in the form of general k-space trajectories, whose associated magnetic gradients are constrained to obey a set of predefined hardware requirements (as defined in terms of, e.g., peak currents and maximum slew rates of magnetic gradients). With this proviso in mind, we propose a novel algorithm for the end-to-end training of a combined acquisition-reconstruction pipeline using a deep neural network with differentiable forward- and back-propagation operators. We demonstrate its effectiveness on image reconstruction and image segmentation tasks, reporting substantial improvements in terms of acceleration factors as well as the quality of these tasks.
A method for characterizing energy consumption in Android smartphones (2013)

Cellular phones and tablets are ubiquitous, with a market penetration that is counted in millions of active users and units sold. The increasing computing capabilities and strict autonomy requirements on mobile devices drive a particular concern on energy utilization and optimization of this kind of equipment. In this paper, we investigate an approach to relate the energy consumption of smartphones with the operational status of the device, surveying parameters exposed by the operating system using an Android application. Our goal is to explore the means to expand the information that may help to produce more reliable measurements that can be used in further research for designing energy optimization profiles for mobile devices and identify optimization needs.
Jamming attacks in 802.11g &#x2014; A cognitive radio based approach (2011)

Wireless networks are susceptible to jamming attacks, which can severely reduce the network throughput. In this paper, we study the behavior and the performance of 802.11g networks under a hybrid jamming attack of configuring a cognitive radio as a jammer. With characteristics such as fast channel switching, quick response time and software reconfigurability, cognitive radios can be used not only to improve the spectrum sharing management, but also to act as an effective jammer. We use a single cognitive radio to simultaneously jam three networks in an energy efficient manner and also to deny any channel change protocol by the targeted network to avoid jamming. We attack the `g' band OFDM channels directly using the fast channel switching capability of the cognitive radio. The jammer sequentially senses traffic on each of the networks without being part of any network. We present the results of the jamming attacks at the MAC and physical layers. We show how the cognitive radio can dynamically adjust its attack to the traffic on each network. We evaluated the performance of three networks individually and together under intelligent and reactive jamming.
Fast genetic on-line learning algorithm for neural network and its application to temperature control (2002)

The paper proposes a fast online learning method for neural network structures by using genetic algorithm (GA) and dynamic back propagation algorithm (BP) jointly. GA is used in the coarse tuning process which adjusts interconnection weights of the neural network. The dynamic back propagation algorithm is subsequently applied to achieve fine adjusting of the network weights. The fitness function, based on the squared error between the teaching signal and the network output value, is redefined at every time step and the proposed GA based algorithm solves a nonstationary function optimization task. At every time step the solution with the best fitness function is used for current representation of the neural network weights and biases. It is shown through the simulations and real time temperature control of drying oven that this learning algorithm has faster convergence ability and better performance on reducing mapping error in the online learning neural network structures. This leads to an improvement of the transient response of neuro adaptive systems. The proposed method has the potential to be applied to many practical areas such as system modeling and control, signal processing and pattern recognition.