gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Zone management processor: a module for generating surfaces in raster-scan colour displays (1979)

The zone management processor is a new display device for use in raster-scan display systems, its purpose being to generate areas with distinctive hue and luminance. The device is particularly useful for the display of solid objects and perspective views of scenes with the image being portrayed as a collection of surfaces. An image is normally produced by a multiprocessor system consisting of a number of these processors. The boundary edges of surfaces produced by the processors may be straight or curved. Mutual interaction of several processors results in correct presentation of surfaces obscured by other surfaces closer to the viewer. The system described operates to 625-line raster-scan colour television standards. The arrangement is especially suitable for the display of scenes changing rapidly in real time. A number of techniques for improvement of the static and dynamic quality of the images are described.
Retention Characteristics of Time-Delayed Exponential Field-Programmed Sedimentation Field-Flow Fractionation (1981)

Abstract Sedimentation field-flow fractionation (SFFF) is a promising method for the high-resolution separation of a wide variety of suspended particulates and dissolved macromolecules. By using a new SFFF technique with a time-delayed exponential force-field (rotor speed) decay, quantitative particle-size distribution analyses in the 0.01–1 μm range can be performed in a few minutes. Relative to constant-field SFFF, programmed force-field operation can drastically decrease analysis time and improve detection sensitivity while maintaining adequate resolution. The linear relationship between particle retention and logarithm of particle diameter or mass for the new technique significantly simplifies data handling for convenient and accurate analyses. Standard graphs have been prepared to show how separation variables such as exponential decay time constant, τ, initial rotor speed, ωo, channel thickness, W, and flowrate, F, can affect particle retention. These simple and quantitative relationships are useful for designing efficient SFFF separations. Conversion of raw data to actual particle size distributions involves negligible errors because the accuracy of SFFF analyses is not significantly affected by instrumental band broadening. The concepts of specific SFFF resolution and particle discrimination factors are introduced to permit the comparison of SFFF resolution with other separation techniques.
Development of imprint materials for the Step and Flash Imprint Lithography process (2004)

The Step and Flash Imprint Lithography (S-FIL<sup>TM</sup>) process is a step and repeat nano-replication technique based on UV curable low viscosity liquids. Molecular Imprints, Inc. (MII) develops commercial tools that practice the S-FIL process. This talk will present the imprint materials that have been developed to specifically address the issue of process life and defects. The S-FIL process involves field-to-field dispensing of low viscosity (<5 cps) UV cross-linkable monomer mixtures. The low viscosity liquid leads to important advantages that include: • Insensitivity to pattern density variations • Improved template life due to a lubricated template-wafer interface avoids “hard contact” between template and wafer • Possibility for lubricated (in-situ) high-resolution alignment corrections prior to UV exposure The materials that are optimal for use in the S-FIL process need to possess optimal wetting characteristics, low evaporation, no phase separation, excellent polymer mechanical properties to avoid cohesive failure in the cured material, low adhesion to the template, and high adhesion to the underlying substrate. Over 300 formulations of acrylate based monomer mixtures were developed and studied. The imprint materials were deemed satisfactory based on the process of surviving imprinting more than 1500 imprints without the imprints developing systematic or repeating defects. For the purpose of these process studies, printing of sub-100 nm pillars and contacts is used since they represent the two extreme cases of patterning challenge: pillars are most likely to lead to cohesive failure in the material; and contacts are most likely to lead to mechanical failure of the template structures.
Learning Large Scale Ordinal Ranking Model via Divide-and-Conquer Technique (2018)

Structured prediction, where outcomes have a precedence order, lies at the heart of machine learning for information retrieval, movie recommendation, product review prediction, and digital advertising. Ordinal ranking, in particular, assumes that the structured response has a linear ranked order. Due to the extensive applicability of these models, substantial research has been devoted to understanding them, as well as developing efficient training techniques. One popular and widely cited technique of training ordinal ranking models is to exploit the linear precedence order and systematically reduce it to a binary classification problem. This facilitates the usage of readily available, powerful binary classifiers, but necessitates an expansion of the original training data, where the training data increases by $K-1$ times of its original size, with K being the number of ordinal classes. Due to prevalent nature of problems with large number of ordered classes, the reduction leads to datasets which are too large to train on single machines. While approximation methods like stochastic gradient descent are typically applied here, we investigate exact optimization solutions that can scale. In this paper, we present a divide-and-conquer (DC) algorithm, which divides large scale binary classification data into a cluster of machines and trains logistic models in parallel, and combines them at the end of the training phase to create a single binary classifier, which can then be used as an ordinal ranker. It requires no synchronization between the parallel learning algorithms during the training period, which makes training on large datasets feasible and efficient. We prove consistency and asymptotic normality property of the learned models using our proposed algorithm. We provide empirical evidence, on various ordinal datasets, of improved estimation and prediction performance of the model learnt using our algorithm, over several standard divide-and-conquer algorithms.
Serum Nucleic Acids in an Experimental Bovine Transmissible Spongiform Encephalopathy Model (2009)

Repetitive genomic nucleic acid sequences (RGNASs) have been detected in serum samples from both PrP(res) confirmed cows and cohorts and unexposed cattle. These RGNASs have polymorphisms that can be candidates for detecting subclinical disease processes. To confirm the presence of serum RGNAS polymorphisms in bovine spongiform encephalopathy (BSE), samples were obtained from an experimental study whereby cows were inoculated orally with BSE-infectious or control brain material. Fleckvieh/Brown Swiss cattle were fed 100 g of either PrP(res)-positive brain stem macerate or normal brain material (controls). Serum samples were taken 40 months post-inoculation (15 infected, 6 control non-infected and 5 randomly selected normal animals). Approximately, 6e5 sequences were analysed and the results showed that serum RGNAS polymorphisms could be detected in all of the infected animals but not in the control animals. In addition, polymorphisms in serum non-RGNASs were detected in BSE-infected animals that differed significantly from the controls (P < 0.01). These data reveal the complexity of serum nucleic acid sequences that can be detected in 200 μl of serum and further add to the guidelines for using serum nucleic acids in diagnostics. In conclusion, RGNAS polymorphism detection may have general applications for the study of other emerging zoonoses.
A Novel Chimeric Avidin with Increased Thermal Stability Using DNA Shuffling (2014)

Avidins are a family of proteins widely employed in biotechnology. We have previously shown that functional chimeric mutant proteins can be created from avidin and avidin-related protein 2 using a methodology combining random mutagenesis by recombination and selection by a tailored biopanning protocol (phage display). Here, we report the crystal structure of one of the previously selected and characterized chimeric avidin forms, A/A2-1. The structure was solved at 1.8 Å resolution and revealed that the protein fold was not affected by the shuffled sequences. The structure also supports the previously observed physicochemical properties of the mutant. Furthermore, we improved the selection and screening methodology to select for chimeric avidins with slower dissociation rate from biotin than were selected earlier. This resulted in the chimeric mutant A/A2-B, which showed increased thermal stability as compared to A/A2-1 and the parental proteins. The increased stability was especially evident at conditions of extreme pH as characterized using differential scanning calorimetry. In addition, amino acid sequence and structural comparison of the chimeric mutants and the parental proteins led to the rational design of A/A2-B I109K. This mutation further decreased the dissociation rate from biotin and yielded an increase in the thermal stability.
Bromine-Based Biocides for Effective Microbiological Control in the Oil Field (2005)

Abstract Maintaining biological control of oilfield systems is critical. Microorganisms can cause well souring, equipment plugging, loss of formation injectivity, destruction of essential additives, and MIC (microbially induced corrosion). To minimize these problems, biocides are often used. Systems commonly treated with biocides include water injection, fracturing fluids, and hydrostatic test waters. In this paper we review the family of bromine-based biocides and discuss the basics of their chemistries and properties. We focus on a new stabilized bromine chloridebased biocide that has been demonstrated in a slickwater fracturing fluid field trial. Here, excellent microbiological control was maintained cost-effectively with relatively low biocide residuals.
Advanced nanocrystalline ZrO<inf>2</inf> for optical oxygen sensors (2009)

It was shown that ZrO <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> nanopowders and nanoceramics can be used as an optical oxygen sensor, where the luminescence signal is proportional to the partial oxygen pressure in gases. The nanopowders were obtained in a hydrothermal microwave driven process followed by annealing at 750°C. Nanoceramics were obtained by sintering at pressures up to 6 GPa and at 250°C so that grain growth did not occur. Luminescence of both materials depends linearly on the oxygen content in nitrogen-oxygen mixtures for 2.1% - 25 vol% oxygen content. For luminescence excitation using an electron beam, the luminescence intensity decreases as oxygen pressure increases. For excitation with a laser beam, the opposite effect is observed - the lower the oxygen pressure, the lower the luminescence signal. The experimental results are explained in terms of luminescence centers being distorted lattice sites close to vacancies.
Chemically Synthesized Molecules with the Targeting and Effector Functions of Antibodies (2014)

This article reports the design, synthesis, and evaluation of a novel class of molecules of intermediate size (approximately 7000 Da), which possess both the targeting and effector functions of antibodies. These compounds—called synthetic antibody mimics targeting prostate cancer (SyAM-Ps)—bind simultaneously to prostate-specific membrane antigen and Fc gamma receptor I, thus eliciting highly selective cancer cell phagocytosis. SyAMs have the potential to combine the advantages of both small-molecule and biologic therapies, and may address many drawbacks associated with available treatments for cancer and other diseases.
Field Demonstration of DNAPL Dehalogenation Using Emulsified Zero-Valent Iron (2005)

This paper describes the results of the first field-scale demonstration conducted to evaluate the performance of nanoscale emulsified zero-valent iron (EZVI) injected into the saturated zone to enhance in situ dehalogenation of dense, nonaqueous phase liquids (DNAPLs) containing trichloroethene (TCE). EZVI is an innovative and emerging remediation technology. EZVI is a surfactant-stabilized, biodegradable emulsion that forms emulsion droplets consisting of an oil-liquid membrane surrounding zero-valent iron (ZVI) particles in water. EZVI was injected over a five day period into eight wells in a demonstration test area within a larger DNAPL source area at NASA's Launch Complex 34 (LC34) using a pressure pulse injection method. Soil and groundwater samples were collected before and after treatment and analyzed for volatile organic compounds (VOCs) to evaluate the changes in VOC mass, concentration and mass flux. Significant reductions in TCE soil concentrations (>80%) were observed at four of the six soil sampling locations within 90 days of EZVI injection. Somewhat lower reductions were observed at the other two soil sampling locations where visual observations suggest that most of the EZVI migrated up above the target treatment depth. Significant reductions in TCE groundwater concentrations (57 to 100%) were observed at all depths targeted with EZVI. Groundwater samples from the treatment area also showed significant increases in the concentrations of cis-1,2-dichloroethene (cDCE), vinyl chloride (VC) and ethene. The decrease in concentrations of TCE in soil and groundwater samples following treatment with EZVI is believed to be due to abiotic degradation associated with the ZVI as well as biodegradation enhanced by the presence of the oil and surfactant in the EZVI emulsion.
Flame Ionization Sensor Integrated Into Gas Turbine Fuel Nozzle (2003)

Recent advances in lean premix gas turbine combustion have focused primarily on increasing thermodynamic efficiency, reducing emissions, and minimizing combustion dynamics. The practical limitation on increasing efficiency at lower emissions is the onset of combustion instability, which is known to occur near the lean flammability limit. In a laboratory environment there are many sensors available which provide the combustion engineer with adequate information about flame stability, but those sensors are generally too expensive or unreliable for widespread application in the field. As a consequence, engines must be commissioned in the field with adequate stability margin such that normally expected component wear, fuel quality, and environmental conditions will not cause the turbine to experience unstable combustion. Woodward, in cooperation with NETL, is developing a novel combustion sensor which is integrated into the fuel nozzle such that low cost and long life are achieved. The sensor monitors flame ionization, which is indicative of air-fuel ratio, and most importantly flame stability.
Learning Document Embeddings With CNNs (2017)

We propose a new model for unsupervised document embedding. Existing approaches either require complex inference or use recurrent neural networks that are difficult to parallelize. We take a different route and use recent advances in language modelling to develop a convolutional neural network embedding model. This allows us to train deeper architectures that are fully parallelizable. Stacking layers together increases the receptive field allowing each successive layer to model increasingly longer range semantic dependencies within the document. Empirically, we demonstrate superior results on two publicly available benchmarks.
High-sensitivity variable-rate transmit/receive architecture (2003)

We have demonstrated unsurpassed communication performance, only 2 dB from theory, by careful matching of the transmitted waveforms and receiver filtering at all bit-rates using an average power limited (APL) transmitter anti variable duty-cycle waveforms. While we have demonstrated duty cycle enhanced (DCE) multi-rate communications from 51 Mbps through 1.244 Gbps using binary-pulse position modulation (PPM), this approach can easily be extended to higher bit-rates, other modulation formats, and is extremely well suited for M-ary PPM.
Interference mitigation via power control under the one-power-zone constraint (2012)

Complexity and hardware constraints are two essential considerations in applying interference mitigation techniques to practical wireless systems. This paper considers a practical wireless backhaul network composed of several access nodes (AN), each serving several remote terminals (RT), and where the transmit frame structure at each AN is comprised of multiple zones, with different RTs scheduled on different zones. The objective of this paper is to design power control strategies to mitigation inter-AN interference in the downlink. Unlike prior studies, this paper adopts a practical constraint whereby every AN maintains the same power level across the different zones within one transmitted frame. The main advantage of imposing this new constraint, called the one-power-zone (OPZ) constraint in this paper, is that for a class of scheduling policies under which the number of zones assigned to each RT is fixed, the power optimization and the scheduling subproblems are decoupled under the OPZ constraint. This allows the design of efficient power control methods independent of scheduling. Further, it also simplifies the design of radio-frequency (RF) front-end. The main contribution of this paper is a set of efficient algorithms to solve this constrained power control problem based on an iterative function evaluation technique. The proposed algorithms have low computational complexity, and can be implemented in a distributed fashion. Some of these algorithms can be further implemented asynchronously at each AN.
Interfacial living radical copolymerization of oil‐ and water‐soluble comonomers to form composite polymer capsules (2005)

Abstract The suspension copolymerization of methyl methacrylate with hydroxy‐functional poly(ethylene glycol) monomethacrylate (PEGMA) by atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP) yielded soluble, controlled‐molecular‐weight amphiphilic copolymers (weight‐average molecular weight/number‐average molecular weight <1.3). Despite extensive partitioning of PEGMA into the water phase, copolymers containing up to 24 mol % PEGMA were formed in the oil phase, from comonomer feeds containing 30 mol % PEGMA. Conversions by suspension polymerization were comparable to those obtained by solution polymerization, at over 70%. Suspension copolymers with high PEGMA contents contained high‐molecular‐weight polymer formed by uncontrolled polymerization, unless poly(vinyl pyrrolidone) was added to displace the growing polymer from the interface. The addition of diethylene glycol dimethacrylate gave capsules at 17 mol % PEGMA with ATRP, whereas conventional free‐radical polymerization required 24 mol % PEGMA to form capsules. The lower PEGMA level required for capsule formation with ATRP was attributed to the lower rates of propagation and crosslinking and to improved incorporation of PEGMA into the final gels. Suspension ATRP with 24 mol % PEGMA in the feed gave two‐layer capsule walls consisting of an inner layer visible by transmission electron microscopy and an outer layer visible by both transmission electron microscopy and environmental scanning electron microscopy, which indicated a compositional gradient across the capsule wall. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 44: 156–171, 2006
tm_db: A Generic Debugging Library for Transactional Programs (2009)

Transactional memory (TM) has received a lot of attention as a programming API for concurrent programs on emerging multicore architectures. If the transactional programming model is to realize its promise of simplifying the problem of writing correct and scalable concurrent programs, debuggers will have to change. In this paper, we introduce tm_db, an open-source library to provide debuggers with a general debugging support for transactional programs. The library helps debuggers provide programmers with generic transactional debugging features, independent of the particular TMpsilas runtime internals. In addition, it provides TM designers with a well defined interface for transactional debugging support. We discuss the basic debugging features we believe are essential to debug transactional programs, how they are provided by the library, and how they integrate into a general debugging infrastructure.
Visual-Servoing Optical Microscopy - eScholarship (2001)

The present invention provides methods and devices for the knowledge-based discovery and optimization of differences between cell types. In particular, the present invention provides visual servoing optical microscopy, as well as analysis methods. The present invention provides means for the close monitoring of hundreds of individual, living cells over time: quantification of dynamic physiological responses in multiple channels; real-time digital image segmentation and analysis; intelligent, repetitive computer-applied cell stress and cell stimulation; and the ability to return to the same field of cells for long-term studies and observation. The present invention further provides means to optimize culture conditions for specific subpopulations of cells. This research was supported in part by (i) the U.S. Department of Defense, Breast Cancer Research Program, under the U.S. Army Medical Research and Materiel Command, contract number DAMD17-98-1-8177, (ii) the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Biological and Energy Research, under contract DE-AC03-76SF00098, and (iii) the University of California Industry-University Cooperative Research Program (IUCRP) UC Discovery Grant (proposal Biostar01-10217) with industry sponsor VSOM, Inc. (www.vsominc.com, St. Louis, MO) under Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory Cooperative Research and Development Agreement number BG02-363(00).
New metacode coding concept for improving PDP gray‐scale quality (2003)

Abstract— Today, methods for power management of plasma display panels (PDP) have been developed in order to provide a maximum peak white for a given picture content with stable power consumption. However, the quality of the gray‐scale portrayal with such concepts is far from the actual CRT standards. We have developed a new PDP encoding concept called Metacode to improve gray‐scale quality during all power and contrast adjustment towards CRT level.
Accelerating high-level bounded model checking (2006)

SAT-based Bounded Model Checking (BMC) has been found promising in finding deep bugs in industry designs and scaling well with design sizes. However, it has limitations due to requirement of finite data paths, inefficient translations and loss of high-level design information during the BMC problem formulation. These shortcomings inherent in Boolean-level BMC can be avoided by using high-level BMC. We propose a novel framework for high-level BMC, which includes several techniques that extract high-level design information from EFSM models to make the verification model "BMC friendly", and use it on-the-fly to simplify the BMC problem instances. Such techniques overcome the inherent limitations of Boolean-level BMC, while allowing integration of state-of-the-art techniques for BMC. In our controlled experiments we found signficant performance improvements achievable by the proposed techniques.