gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Fuzzy-Based Clustering-Task Scheduling for Lifetime Enhancement in Wireless Sensor Networks (2017)

Clustering is one of the effective approaches for prolonging the lifetime of a wireless sensor network and increasing its scalability. In current clustering protocols, load balancing is achieved by rotating the costly role of the cluster head among the sensors. To achieve this, the network operation is divided into fixed time durations called rounds. Network nodes are clustered for one round and are reclustered for the next round, i.e., round-based policy. Using this policy, loads of nodes are somewhat balanced. However, the imposed overhead from consecutive reclusterings wastes the energy resource of network nodes. Although many attempts have been made to introduce energy-efficient clustering protocols, the reclustering overhead still remains a serious drawback of these protocols. To mitigate this problem, this paper proposes a fuzzy-based hyper round policy (FHRP) to efficiently and flexibly schedule the clustering-task. In FHRP, instead of every round, clustering is performed at the beginning of every Hyper Round (HR), which is composed of many rounds. During the network lifetime, the length of an HR is not fixed and is computed using a fuzzy inference system. The node's residual energy and its distance from the sink are used as the inputs of this fuzzy system and the HR length is its output. Thus, the nodes' situation is taken into account for determining the reclustering time. Simulation results reveal the effectiveness of FHRP in reducing the clustering energy overhead, lengthening the network lifetime, and conserving the network nodes' energy.
Pocket-sized device for measuring forced expiratory volume in one second and forced vital capacity. (1982)

An inexpensive pocket-sized instrument--the turbine spirometer--has been developed that measures and gives a direct digital display of the forced expiratory volume in one second and forced vital capacity. The instrument is as accurate as and considerably cheaper than spirometers in general use. Condensation does not affect the calibration. The turbine spirometer will enable spirometry to be easily monitored in hospital wards and general practice and by patients at home.
Security analysis of the diebold AccuVote-TS voting machine (2007)

This paper presents a fully independent security study of a Diebold AccuVote-TS voting machine, including its hardware and software. We obtained the machine from a private party. Analysis of the machine, in light of real election procedures, shows that it is vulnerable to extremely serious attacks. For example, an attacker who gets physical access to a machine or its removable memory card for as little as one minute could install malicious code; malicious code on a machine could steal votes undetectably, modifying all records, logs, and counters to be consistent with the fraudulent vote count it creates. An attacker could also create malicious code that spreads automatically and silently from machine to machine during normal election activities—a voting-machine virus. We have constructed working demonstrations of these attacks in our lab. Mitigating these threats will require changes to the voting machine’s hardware and software and the adoption of more rigorous election procedures. 1
Boron diffusion upon annealing of laser thermal processed silicon (2003)

In order to investigate the role of the end of range damage on dopant motion during post-laser thermal processing (LTP) anneals, a 15 keV, 1/spl times/10/sup 15/ ions/cm/sup 2/ Si/sup +/ implant was used to amorphize the silicon surface. Low energy implantation was used to introduce 1 keV B/sup +/ at a dose of 4/spl times/10/sup 15/ ions/cm/sup 2/ into the amorphous region. LTP was performed at energies from 0.625 to 0.825 J/cm/sup 2/. After LTP, conventional RTA was performed for 30 sec at temperatures between 700/spl deg/C and 1000/spl deg/C. SIMS analysis showed a significant pile-up of boron in the end of range region of the implant, as well as dose loss and enhanced diffusion of the boron. Qualitative agreement between the defect location and the gettered peak was observed but strong quantitative agreement between the density of the extended defects and the dose of gettered boron was not observed. At higher LTP powers (>0.75 J/cm/sup 2/) over-melting of the amorphous layer occurs, the density of EOR defects and the gettered boron dose decreases. In addition to gettering, post LTP annealing results in enhanced diffusion of the boron. It is unclear if this is transient enhanced diffusion (TED) but the enhancement is comparable to TED. The enhanced diffusion may result from the EOR damage however it is observed even for the highest LTP power. At this power the melting of the crystalline Si is observed and thus a significant fraction of the EOR region is removed. Thus the enhanced diffusion may be associated with quenched in interstitials after the laser melting process.
Lipid activation of protein kinases (2008)

Lipids acutely control the amplitude, duration, and subcellular location of signaling by lipid second messenger-responsive kinases. Typically, this activation is controlled by membrane-targeting modules that allosterically control the function of kinase domains within the same polypeptide. Protein kinase C (PKC) has served as the archetypal lipid-regulated kinase, providing a prototype for lipid-controlled kinase activation that is followed by kinases throughout the kinome, including its close cousin, Akt (protein kinase B). This review addresses the molecular mechanisms by which PKC and Akt transduce signals propagated by the two major lipid second messenger pathways in cells, those of diacylglycerol signaling and phosphatidylinositol-3,4,5-trisphosphate (PIP3) signaling, respectively.
A Low-Cost Low-Power LoRa Mesh Network for Large-Scale Environmental Sensing (2022)

<p>Sustainability and climate monitoring efforts create a need for long-term remote sensing of large geographic areas. However, environmental monitoring in remote areas of developing countries remains impeded by a lack of low-cost, scalable IoT~solutions. Whereas IoT systems for remote sensing abound, they mostly are either low-cost or suitable for large areas, but not both. In this paper, we present a low-cost low-power network solution for remote sensing of areas up to hundreds of square kilometers. Taking advantage of LoRa technology, we develop a self-organizing mesh network that can be scaled to a hundred and more nodes. Scalability is achieved by developing methods that mitigate packet collisions during data collection. We present a protocol, called CottonCandy, with which nodes self-organize in a spanning-tree network topology in a distributed fashion. A power profile on a custom-built circuit board shows that CottonCandy nodes can run thousands of duty cycles on 2~AA batteries, sufficient to operate for years in many applications. Using off-the-shelf components, the cost of a CottonCandy node is less than US-$ 15. Evaluations by simulation show that CottonCandy networks with 100 nodes achieve a packet delivery ratio of >90%. Measurements of an outdoor deployment with 15~nodes corroborate the high packet delivery ratio in a real-life setting.</p> <p><br></p>
Annular phase-matched dual-pump coherent anti-Stokes Raman spectroscopy system for the simultaneous detection of nitrogen and methane (1998)

The concentration and pressure dependence of dual-pump coherent anti-Stokes Raman spectroscopy (CARS) signals from nitrogen and methane was investigated. CARS spectra were acquired from a gas cell at pressures of 0.007 to 2.24 MPa and methane concentrations of 0.5 to 50%. The square root of the methane signal intensity divided by the nitrogen signal intensity was found to have a near-linear dependence on methane concentration at all pressures investigated. The pressure dependence of this integrated intensity ratio decreased with increasing pressure and became negligible at the highest pressures tested. The shot-to-shot variation at concentrations determined from single-laser-shot measurements was less than 7%. Single-laser-shot CARS spectra of nitrogen and methane were obtained from the cylinder of a firing direct-injection natural gas engine.
Using a Distributed Rectangle Bin-Packing Approach for Core-based SoC Test Scheduling with Power Constraints (2003)

We present a new algorithm to co-optimize test scheduling and wrapper design under power constraints for core-based SoCs (System on Chip). Core testing solutions are generated as a set of wrapper designs, each represented by a rectangle with width equal to the test time and height equal to the number of TAM (Test Access Mechanism) wires used. The test-scheduling problem with power constraints is formulated as the distributed rectangle bin-packing problem, which allows wrapper pins to be assigned to non-consecutive SoC pins. The generalized problem for multiple-TAMs is solved by global optimization using evolutionary strategy and the sequence-pair representation. Experiments on ITC'02 benchmarks are very encouraging.
System impact of ripples in grating group delay (2003)

We present simple analytical expressions which relate fiber grating group-delay ripples to system performance and allow the estimation of expected penalties. Experiments show excellent agreement with our theory. A WDM transmission experiment shows that the system performance can be drastically improved if the channels are slightly detuned in wavelength.
Thermal Conduction in Vertically Aligned Copper Nanowire Arrays and Composites (2015)

The ability to efficiently and reliably transfer heat between sources and sinks is often a bottleneck in the thermal management of modern energy conversion technologies ranging from microelectronics to thermoelectric power generation. These interfaces contribute parasitic thermal resistances that reduce device performance and are subjected to thermomechanical stresses that degrade device lifetime. Dense arrays of vertically aligned metal nanowires (NWs) offer the unique combination of thermal conductance from the constituent metal and mechanical compliance from the high aspect ratio geometry to increase interfacial heat transfer and device reliability. In the present work, we synthesize copper NW arrays directly onto substrates via templated electrodeposition and extend this technique through the use of a sacrificial overplating layer to achieve improved uniformity. Furthermore, we infiltrate the array with an organic phase change material and demonstrate the preservation of thermal properties. We use the 3ω method to measure the axial thermal conductivity of freestanding copper NW arrays to be as high as 70 W m(-1) K(-1), which is more than an order of magnitude larger than most commercial interface materials and enhanced-conductivity nanocomposites reported in the literature. These arrays are highly anisotropic, and the lateral thermal conductivity is found to be only 1-2 W m(-1) K(-1). We use these measured properties to elucidate the governing array-scale transport mechanisms, which include the effects of morphology and energy carrier scattering from size effects and grain boundaries.
Smart Power Router: A Flexible Agent-Based Converter Interface in Active Distribution Networks (2011)

Due to the large-scale implementation of distributed generation, the power delivery system is changing gradually from a “vertically” to a “horizontally” controlled and operated structure. This transition has prompted the emergence of the active distribution network (ADN) concept as an efficient and flexible distribution system to deal with various challenging issues. This paper addresses a multiagent system (MAS) as a suitable technology to manage autonomous control actions and perform the coordination in an ADN. In this agent-based ADN a smart power router is implemented, which can flexibly integrate network areas and optimally manage power flows. Operational and control functions of the power router has been investigated in a laboratory experiment. In this lab setup, a configuration of the power router is established in a combination of a three-inverter system and an agent. The experiments show that the ADN can operate in an efficient and flexible way with the support of the power router interface. The control function of the inverters and the operation of MAS are thoroughly verified.
Modeling Markers of Disease Progression by a Hidden Markov Process: Application to Characterizing CD4 Cell Decline (2000)

Multistate models have been increasingly used to model natural history of many diseases as well as to characterize the follow-up of patients under varied clinical protocols. This modeling allows describing disease evolution, estimating the transition rates, and evaluating the therapy effects on progression. In many cases, the staging is defined on the basis of a discretization of the values of continuous markers (CD4 cell count for HIV application) that are subject to great variability due mainly to short time-scale noise (intraindividual variability) and measurement errors. This led us to formulate a Bayesian hierarchical model where, at a first level, a disease process (Markov model on the true states, which are unobserved) is introduced and, at a second level, the measurement process making the link between the true states and the observed marker values is modeled. This hierarchical formulation allows joint estimation of the parameters of both processes. Estimation of the quantities of interest is performed via stochastic algorithms of the family of Markov chain Monte Carlo methods. The flexibility of this approach is illustrated by analyzing the CD4 data on HIV patients of the Concorde clinical trial.
Improved heterologous protein production by a tripeptidyl peptidase gene (AosedD) disruptant of the filamentous fungus Aspergillus oryzae (2012)

Proteolytic degradation is one of the serious bottlenecks limiting the yields of heterologous protein production by Aspergillus oryzae. In this study, we selected a tripeptidyl peptidase gene AosedD (AO090166000084) as a candidate potentially degrading the heterologous protein, and performed localization analysis of the fusion protein AoSedD-EGFP in A. oryzae. As a result, the AoSedD-EGFP was observed in the septa and cell walls as well as in the culture medium, suggesting that AoSedD is a secretory enzyme. An AosedD disruptant was constructed to investigate an effect of AoSedD on the production level of heterologous proteins and protease activity. Both of the total protease and tripeptidyl peptidase activities in the culture medium of the AosedD disruptant were decreased as compared to those of the control strain. The maximum yields of recombinant bovine chymosin (CHY) and human lysozyme (HLY) produced by the AosedD disruptants showed approximately 2.9- and 1.7-fold increases, respectively, as compared to their control strains. These results suggest that AoSedD is one of the major proteases involved in the proteolytic degradation of recombinant proteins in A. oryzae.
Sensor Adaptation for Improved Semantic Segmentation of Overhead Imagery (2019)

Semantic segmentation is a powerful method to facilitate visual scene understanding. Each pixel is assigned a label according to a pre-defined list of object classes and semantic entities. This becomes very useful as a means to summarize large scale overhead imagery. In this paper we present our work on semantic segmentation with applications to overhead imagery. We propose an algorithm that builds and extends upon the DeepLab framework to be able to refine and resolve small objects (relative to the image size) such as vehicles. We have also investigated sensor adaptation as a means to augment available training data to be able to reduce some of the shortcomings of neural networks when deployed in new environments and to new sensors. We report results on several datasets and compare performance with other state-of-the-art architectures.
VHF and UHF Antennas (1983)

Antennas which are well suited to the VHF-UHF bands can be considered in broad categories based upon their principal frequency or radiation characteristics as follows: omnidirectional (in one plane); directional; broadband; multiband; steered beam, and; circularly polarised. The antennas described in this Chapter will be categorised by electrical type rather than by application, as it will be seen that the same types can be used in a number of applications. Additionally, a section will be devoted to the problems of installing a number of antennas in close proximity, whether it be on a common mast or on a vehicle.
Liquid crystalline networks based on photo-initiated thiol–ene click chemistry (2019)

Photo-initiated thiol-ene click chemistry is used to develop shape memory liquid crystalline networks (LCNs). A biphenyl-based di-vinyl monomer is synthesized and cured with a di-thiol chain extender and a tetra-thiol crosslinker using UV light. The effects of photo-initiator concentration and UV light intensity on the curing behavior and liquid crystalline (LC) properties of the LCNs are investigated. The chemical composition is found to significantly influence the microstructure and the related thermomechanical properties of the LCNs. The structure-property relationship is further explored using molecular dynamics simulations, revealing that the introduction of the chain extender promotes the formation of an ordered smectic LC phase instead of agglomerated structures. The concentration of the chain extender affects the liquid crystallinity of the LCNs, resulting in distinct thermomechanical and shape memory properties. This class of LCNs exhibits fast curing rates, high conversion levels, and tailorable liquid crystallinity, making it a promising material system for advanced manufacturing, where complex and highly ordered structures can be produced with fast reaction kinetics and low energy consumption.
<i>In situ</i> Imaging of Collagen Synthesis by Osteoprogenitor Cells in Microporous Bacterial Cellulose Scaffolds (2011)

Microscopy techniques based on laser-induced nonlinear optical processes allow for chemically specific imaging of unmodified samples at high spatial resolution in three dimensions and provide powerful tools for characterization of tissue-engineering constructs. This is highlighted by the simultaneous imaging of scaffold material, cells, and produced extracellular matrix collagen in samples consisting of osteoprogenitor MC3T3-E1 cells seeded on microporous bacterial cellulose (BC), a potential scaffold material for synthesis of osseous tissue. BC and collagen have been visualized by second harmonic generation (SHG) microscopy, and verification of collagen identification on cellulose scaffolds has been carried out on sectioned samples by comparison with the conventional histological staining technique. Both methods showed similar collagen distributions and a clear increase in the amount of collagen when comparing measurements from two time points during growth. For investigations of intact cellulose scaffolds seeded with cells, SHG was combined with simultaneous coherent anti-Stokes Raman scattering (CARS) microscopy for visualization of cell arrangement in three dimensions and to be correlated with the SHG data. Results showed that the osteoprogenitor cells were able to produce collagen already during the first days of growth. Further on, developed collagen fiber networks could be imaged inside compact regions of cells located in the cellulose micropores. Collagen production, the initial step of tissue mineralization, demonstrates the potential of BC as a scaffold material for bone tissue engineering. Furthermore, the noninvasive in situ monitoring of collagen inside compact tissue clearly manifests the benefits of nonlinear microscopy techniques, such as SHG and CARS, for use in tissue engineering.
Language Features for Access Control (1983)

The properties of a capability-based protection mechanism to be incorporated in a language for concurrent programming are presented. The protection mechanism is first abstractly characterized in terms of a protection model; the components of the protection mechanism, that is, the objects, subjects, and protection rules which govern the accessing to the objects by the subjects, are defined.
A family of proteins structurally and functionally related to the E6-AP ubiquitin-protein ligase. (1995)

Biochemistry.In the article "A family of proteins structurally aligned protein sequences were inadvertently interchanged so and functionally related to the E6-AP ubiquitin-protein li- that the first 13 amino acids of the rat plOO sequence are found gase" by Jon M. Huibregtse, Martin Scheffner, Sylvie Beau- in the NEDD-4 sequence, the corresponding region of denon, and Peter M. Howley, which appeared in number 7, NEDD-4 is found in YKL162, and so on.The error does not March 28, 1995, of Proc.Natl.Acad.Sci.USA (92,2563-2567), in any way affect the interpretation of the results or the the authors wish that the following be noted.During prepa-conclusions drawn in the paper.The corrected Fig. 1B is shown ration of Fig. 1B, the first 10-13 amino acids of five of the here.
TENDON TRANSFERS FOR RADIAL NERVE PALSY (2023)

The most common indication for upper extremity tendon transfer procedure is a peripheral nerve injury that has no potential to improve. Ÿ This includes nerve injuries that are irreparable such as root avulsions, nerve injuries that do not recover after direct nerve repair or grafting, or failed nerve transfers or delayed presentation. Ÿ In case of radial nerve palsy, the patient cannot extend the wrist, ngers and thumb, so has a great difculty in grasping objects
Stable but responsive cloth (2002)

We present a semi-implicit cloth simulation technique that is very stable yet also responsive. The stability of the technique allows the use of a large fixed time step when simulating all types of fabrics and character motions. The animations generated using this technique are strikingly realistic. Wrinkles form and disappear in a quite natural way, which is the feature that most distinguishes textile fabrics from other sheet materials. Significant improvements in both the stability and realism were made possible by overcoming the post-buckling instability as well as the numerical instability. The instability caused by buckling arises from a structural instability and therefore cannot be avoided by simply employing a semi-implicit method. Addition of a damping force may help to avoid instabilities; however, it can significantly degrade the realism of the cloth motion. The method presented here uses a particle-based physical model to handle the instability in the post-buckling response without introducing any fictitious damping.