gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Improvement Of Novel NRLM Method For Accelerometers Characterization To The Range Of 10/sup 2/m/s/sup 2/ (2005)

This report presents a novel method for characterizing accelerometers under medium and high accelerations ranging from 2 x 10/sup 2/m/s/sup 2/ to 1 X 10/sup 6/m /s/sup 2/. The reflection of longitudinal elastic waves in a thin circular bar are used for the excitation of a test accelerometer that is attached to the end of the bar. A newly designed laser interferometer can determine the input acceleration accurately. By improving the resolution of the interferometer, the lower acceleration limit of this method can be extended from 2000m/s/sup 2/, the previous limit, to 200m/s/sup 2/. The effectiveness of the method is confirmed through an experiment in which a piezoelectric type accelerometer is characterized.
Nucleotide sequence changes in thymidine kinase gene of herpes simplex virus type 2 clones from an isolate of a patient treated with acyclovir (1987)

To identify the nucleotide changes that occur in drug-induced thymidine kinase (TK) mutants of herpes simplex virus type 2 (HSV-2), we compared the nucleotide sequences of the tk genes of two mutant HSV-2 clones isolated from a patient who had been treated with acyclovir [9-(2-hydroxyethoxymethyl)guanine; ACV] with the nucleotide sequence of the parental TK+ HSV-2(8703) strain isolated from the same patient. One of the mutants, TK-altered (TKA) HSV-2(9637), was ACV resistant but induced the incorporation of [14C]thymidine into the DNA of infected rabbit skin cells. The nucleotide sequence of the tk gene of mutant TKA HSV-2(9637) had a single change (G to A) at nucleotide 668, which would cause an arginine-to-histidine substitution at amino acid residue 223 of the TK polypeptide. The second ACV-resistant mutant, TK- HSV-2(8710), did not induce detectable incorporation of [14C]thymidine into the DNA of infected rabbit skin cells. This mutant exhibited a deletion of a single base at nucleotide 217 of its nucleotide sequence. This deletion would cause a frameshift mutation at amino acid residue 73 and chain termination at amino acid residue 86 of the TK polypeptide. The nucleotide sequence of TK+ HSV-2(8703) was the same as that of the laboratory strain, TK+ HSV-2(333). The nucleotide sequence of a bromodeoxyuridine-resistant TK- HSV-2(333) mutant of TK+ HSV-2(333) also exhibited a single-base deletion, but at nucleotide 439. This deletion would cause a frameshift mutation at amino acid residue 147 and chain termination at amino acid residue 182. The frameshift mutations of TK- HSV(8710) and TK- HSV-2(333), respectively, occurred in sequences in which C was repeated three times and G was repeated seven times. The results raise the possibility that TK- frameshift mutations of HSV-2 may be common.
Enduring Reversal of Neuropathic Pain by a Single Intrathecal Injection of Adenosine 2A Receptor Agonists: A Novel Therapy for Neuropathic Pain (2009)

Previous studies of peripheral immune cells have documented that activation of adenosine 2A receptors (A(2A)Rs) decrease proinflammatory cytokine release and increase release of the potent anti-inflammatory cytokine, interleukin-10 (IL-10). Given the growing literature supporting that glial proinflammatory cytokines importantly contribute to neuropathic pain and that IL-10 can suppress such pain, we evaluated the effects of intrathecally administered A(2A)R agonists on neuropathic pain using the chronic constriction injury (CCI) model. A single intrathecal injection of the A(2A)R agonists 4-(3-(6-amino-9-(5-cyclopropylcarbamoyl-3,4-dihydroxytetrahydrofuran-2-yl)-9H-purin-2-yl)prop-2-ynyl)piperidine-1-carboxylic acid methyl ester (ATL313) or 2-p-(2-carboxyethyl)phenethylamino-5'-N-ethylcarboxamido adenosine HCl (CGS21680), 10-14 d after CCI versus sham surgery, produced a long-duration reversal of mechanical allodynia and thermal hyperalgesia for at least 4 weeks. Neither drug altered the nociceptive responses of sham-operated controls. An A(2A)R antagonist [ZM241385 (4-(2-[7-amino-2-(2-furyl)(1,2,4)triazolo(2,3-a)(1,3,5)triazin-5-ylamino]ethyl)phenol)] coadministered intrathecally with ATL313 abolished the action of ATL313 in rats with neuropathy-induced allodynia but had no effect on allodynia in the absence of the A(2A)R agonist. ATL313 attenuated CCI-induced upregulation of spinal cord activation markers for microglia and astrocytes in the L4-L6 spinal cord segments both 1 and 4 weeks after a single intrathecal ATL313 administration. Neutralizing IL-10 antibodies administered intrathecally transiently abolished the effect of ATL313 on neuropathic pain. In addition, IL-10 mRNA was significantly elevated in the CSF cells collected from the lumbar region. Activation of A(2A)Rs after intrathecal administration may be a novel, therapeutic approach for the treatment of neuropathic pain by increasing IL-10 in the immunocompetent cells of the CNS.
Dynamic pipeline design of an adaptive binary arithmetic coder (2001)

Arithmetic coding is an attractive technique for lossless data compression but it tends to be slow. In this paper, a dynamic pipelined very large scale integration architecture with high performance for on-line adaptive binary arithmetic coding is presented. To obtain a high throughput pipelined architecture, we first analyze the computation flow of the coding algorithm and modify the operations whose data and/or control dependencies cause the difficulties in pipelining. Then, a novel technique called dynamic pipelining is developed to pipeline the coding process with variant (or run-time determined) pipeline latencies (or data initialization intervals) efficiently. As for data path design, a systematic design methodology of high level synthesis and a lower-area but faster fixed-width multiplier are applied, which implement the architecture with a little additional hardware. The dynamic pipelined architecture has been designed and simulated in Verilog HDL, and its layout has also been implemented with the 0.8-/spl mu/m SPDM CMOS process and the ITRI-CCL cell library. Its simulated compression speeds under working frequencies of 25 and 50 MHz are about 6 and 12.5 Mb/s, respectively. About two times the speedup with 30% hardware overhead relative to the original sequential realisation is achieved.
Biodegradable electroactive polymers for electrochemically-triggered drug delivery (2014)

We report biodegradable electroactive polymer (EAP)-based materials and their application as drug delivery devices. Copolymers composed of oligoaniline-based electroactive blocks linked to either polyethylene glycol or polycaprolactone blocks via ester bonds were synthesized in three steps from commercially available starting materials and isolated without the need for column chromatography. The physicochemical and electrochemical properties of the polymers were characterized with a variety of techniques. The ability of the polymers to deliver the anti-inflammatory drug dexamethasone phosphate on the application of electrochemical stimuli was studied spectroscopically. Films of the polymers were shown to be degradable and cell adhesive in vitro. Such EAP-based materials have prospects for integration in implantable fully biodegradable/bioerodible EAP-based drug delivery devices that are capable of controlling the chronopharmacology of drugs for future clinical application.
Resetting the yeast epigenome with human nucleosomes (2017)

Summary Humans and yeast are separated by a billion years of evolution, yet their conserved core histones retain central roles in gene regulation. Here, we “reset” yeast to use core human nucleosomes in lieu of their own, an exceedingly rare event which initially took twenty days. The cells adapt, however, by acquiring suppressor mutations in cell-division genes, or by acquiring certain aneuploidy states. Robust growth was also restored by converting five histone residues back to their yeast counterparts. We reveal that humanized nucleosomes in yeast are positioned according to endogenous yeast DNA sequence and chromatin-remodeling network, as judged by a yeast-like nucleosome repeat length. However, human nucleosomes have higher DNA occupancy and reduce RNA content. Adaptation to new biological conditions presented a special challenge for these cells due to slower chromatin remodeling. This humanized yeast poses many fundamental new questions about the nature of chromatin and how it is linked to many cell processes, and provides a platform to study histone variants via yeast epigenome reprogramming. Highlights - Only 1 in 10 7 yeast survive with fully human nucleosomes, but they rapidly evolve - Nucleosome positioning and nucleosome repeat length is not influenced by histone type - Human nucleosomes remodel slowly and delay yeast environmental adaptation - Human core nucleosomes are more repressive and globally reduce transcription in yeast
Dynamic layer representation with applications to tracking (2002)

A dynamic layer representation is proposed for tracking moving objects. Previous work on layered representations has largely concentrated on two-/multi-frame batch formulations, and tracking research has not addressed the issue of joint estimation of object motion ownership and appearance. The paper extends the estimation of layers in a dynamic scene to incremental estimation formulation and demonstrates how this naturally solves the tracking problem. The three components of the dynamic layer representation, namely, layer motion, ownership, and appearance, are estimated simultaneously over time in a MAP framework. In order to enforce a global shape constraint and to maintain the layer segmentation over time, a parametric segmentation prior is proposed. The generalized EM algorithm is employed to compute the optimal solution. We show the results on real-time tracking of multiple moving or static objects in a cluttered scene imaged from a moving aerial video camera. The moving objects may do complex motions, and have complex interactions such as passing. By using both the appearance and the segmentation information, many difficult tracking tasks are reliably handled.
Deletion of the A137R Gene from the Pandemic Strain of African Swine Fever Virus Attenuates the Strain and Offers Protection against the Virulent Pandemic Virus (2021)

African swine fever virus (ASFV) is causing a devastating pandemic in domestic and wild swine within an extended geographical area from Central Europe to East Asia, resulting in economic losses for the regional swine industry. There are no commercial vaccines; therefore, disease control relies on identification and culling of infected animals. We report here that the deletion of the ASFV gene A137R from the highly virulent ASFV-Georgia2010 (ASFV-G) isolate induces a significant attenuation of virus virulence in swine. A recombinant virus lacking the A137R gene, ASFV-G-ΔA137R, was developed to assess the role of this gene in ASFV virulence in domestic swine. Animals inoculated intramuscularly with 10<sup>2</sup> 50% hemadsorption doses (HAD<sub>50</sub>) of ASFV-G-ΔA137R remained clinically healthy during the 28-day observational period. All animals inoculated with ASFV-G-ΔA137R had medium to high viremia titers and developed a strong virus-specific antibody response. Importantly, all ASFV-G-ΔA137R-inoculated animals were protected when challenged with the virulent parental strain ASFV-G. No evidence of replication of challenge virus was observed in the ASFV-G-ΔA137R-inoculated animals. Therefore, ASFV-G-ΔA137R is a novel potential live attenuated vaccine candidate and one of the few experimental vaccine strains reported to induce protection against the highly virulent ASFV Georgia virus that is the cause of the current Eurasian pandemic. <b>IMPORTANCE</b> No commercial vaccine is available to prevent African swine fever. The ASF pandemic caused by ASFV Georgia2007 strain (ASFV-G) is seriously affecting pork production in a contiguous area from Central Europe to East Asia. Here we report the rational development of a potential live attenuated vaccine strain by deleting a virus-specific gene, A137R, from the genome of ASFV-G. The resulting virus presented a completely attenuated phenotype and, importantly, animals infected with this genetically modified virus were protected from developing ASF after challenge with the virulent parental virus. ASFV-G-ΔA137R confers protection even at low doses (10<sup>2</sup> HAD<sub>50</sub>), demonstrating its potential as a vaccine candidate. Therefore, ASFV-G-ΔA137R is a novel experimental ASF vaccine protecting pigs from the epidemiologically relevant ASFV Georgia isolate.
Reaction ofO 6-Benzylguanine-resistant Mutants of Human O 6-Alkylguanine-DNA Alkyltransferase with O 6-Benzylguanine in Oligodeoxyribonucleotides (1998)

Inactivation of the human DNA repair protein, O6-alkylguanine-DNA alkyltransferase (AGT), by O6-benzylguanine renders tumor cells susceptible to killing by alkylating agents. AGT mutants resistant to O6-benzylguanine can be made by converting Pro140 to an alanine (P140A) or Gly156 to an alanine (G156A). These mutations had a much smaller effect on the reaction with O6-benzylguanine when it was incorporated into a short single-stranded oligodeoxyribonucleotide. Such oligodeoxyribonucleotides could form the basis for the design of improved AGT inhibitors. AGT and mutants P140A and G156A preferentially reacted with O6-benzylguanine when incubated with a mixture of two 16-mer oligodeoxyribonucleotides, one containing O6-benzylguanine and the other, O6-methylguanine. When the 6 amino acids located in positions 159-164 in AGT were replaced by the equivalent sequence from the Escherichia coli Ada-C protein (mutant AGT/6ada) the preference for benzyl repair was eliminated. Further mutation incorporating the P140A change into AGT/6ada giving mutant P140A/6ada led to a protein that resembled Ada-C in preference for the repair of methyl groups, but P140A/6ada did not differ from P140A in reaction with the free base O6-benzylguanine. Changes in the AGT active site pocket can therefore affect the preference for repair of O6-benzyl or -methyl groups when present in an oligodeoxyribonucleotide without altering the reaction with free O6-benzylguanine.
<title>Development of an electrochemistry-based corrosion sensor to monitor corrosion of boiler tubes, pipes, and painted structures</title> (1998)

An electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS)-based in-situ corrosion sensor has been adapted and evaluated for use with steel heat exchanger tubes in boilers, coated buried steel pipes, and painted steel structures. An excellent correlation was obtained between the algorithm of the ratio of the breakpoint frequencies, as measured by the sensor, and corrosion rate for the boiler tubes. Use of this sensor and appropriate electronics would allow the corrosion of the boiler tubes to be monitored in real time and the inhibitor concentration automatically controlled to prevent excessive corrosion. The EIS sensor is also sensitive to the quality of coating of a buried steel pipe with and without the application of cathodic protection. Similar results were obtained from a sensor attached to the pipe and from a separate electrode driven into the soil. A hand-held version of the EIS in-situ sensor is suitable for inspecting painted metal structures, such as storage tanks and locks and dams, under ambient, service conditions. An excellent correlation was obtained between the sensor measurements, and the amount of corrosion on test panels immersed for up to 28 years.
A 3D parylene scaffold cage for culturing retinal pigment epithelial cells (2012)

This work reports a 3D parylene scaffold cage for culturing stem-cell-differentiated retinal pigment epithelial (RPE) cells for the therapy of age-related macular degeneration, which is caused by degenerated permeability of the Bruch's membrane first and then the loss of RPE cells. This reported cage can support sufficient nutrient permeation to nourish the RPE cells inside with in vivo like morphology. Compared to previous single layer scaffold substrates, this cage can effectively prevent the undesirable cell migration away from the scaffold.
Intrahost Evolutionary Dynamics of Canine Influenza Virus in Naive and Partially Immune Dogs (2010)

ABSTRACT The patterns and dynamics of evolution in acutely infecting viruses within individual hosts are largely unknown. To this end, we investigated the intrahost variation of canine influenza virus (CIV) during the course of experimental infections in naïve and partially immune dogs and in naturally infected dogs. Tracing sequence diversity in the gene encoding domain 1 of the hemagglutinin (HA1) protein over the time course of infection provided information on the patterns and processes of intrahost viral evolution and revealed some of the effects of partial host immunity. Viral populations sampled on any given day were generally characterized by mean pairwise genetic diversities between 0.1 and 0.2% and by mutational spectra that changed considerably on different days. Some observed mutations may have affected antigenicity or host range, including reversions of CIV host-associated mutations. Patterns of sequence diversity differed between naïve and vaccinated dogs, with some presumably antigenic mutations transiently reaching high frequency in the latter. CIV populations are therefore characterized by the rapid generation and clearance of genetic diversity. Potentially advantageous mutations arise readily during the course of single infections and may give rise to antigenic escape or host range variants.
Real-Time Programmable Joint Transform Correlator with a Threshold Hard-Clipping Microchannel Spatial Light Modulator (1988)

A programmable real-time optical joint transform correlator that generates sharper autocorrelation peaks is presented. In the system, a Microchannel spatial light modulator (MSLM) is utilized as the threshold hard-clipping square-law device. A liquid crystal television (LCTV) is used, with a microcomputer, to display input target and reference image at the input plane. By using the feed-back loop, in principle, the system would offer adaptive processing capability. A preliminary experimental result is given.
Monitoring the growth of carbon nanotubes by carbon isotope labelling (2003)

We present a 13C labelling method for revealing the growth model of the carbon nanotubes and monitoring the detailed growth process of a multi-walled carbon nanotube (MWNT) array. 13C ethylene and 12C ethylene are fed into the chemical vapour deposition (CVD) reactor with pre-designed time sequences to growth MWNT arrays with 13C–12C sections, and the isotope compositions of each section in the nanotubes are detected by a micro-Raman after growth. By relating the positions of the isotope compositions to the corresponding feeding times, we can give obtain a detailed picture of the growth model of the carbon nanotubes as well as of the growth process of the nanotube arrays in CVD.
FocusAR: Auto-focus Augmented Reality Eyeglasses for both Real World and Virtual Imagery (2018)

We describe a system which corrects dynamically for the focus of the real world surrounding the near-eye display of the user and simultaneously the internal display for augmented synthetic imagery, with an aim of completely replacing the user prescription eyeglasses. The ability to adjust focus for both real and virtual stimuli will be useful for a wide variety of users, but especially for users over 40 years of age who have limited accommodation range. Our proposed solution employs a tunable-focus lens for dynamic prescription vision correction, and a varifocal internal display for setting the virtual imagery at appropriate spatially registered depths. We also demonstrate a proof of concept prototype to verify our design and discuss the challenges to building an auto-focus augmented reality eyeglasses for both real and virtual.
Broad Spectrum Pro-Quorum-Sensing Molecules as Inhibitors of Virulence in Vibrios (2012)

Quorum sensing (QS) is a bacterial cell-cell communication process that relies on the production and detection of extracellular signal molecules called autoinducers. QS allows bacteria to perform collective activities. Vibrio cholerae, a pathogen that causes an acute disease, uses QS to repress virulence factor production and biofilm formation. Thus, molecules that activate QS in V. cholerae have the potential to control pathogenicity in this globally important bacterium. Using a whole-cell high-throughput screen, we identified eleven molecules that activate V. cholerae QS: eight molecules are receptor agonists and three molecules are antagonists of LuxO, the central NtrC-type response regulator that controls the global V. cholerae QS cascade. The LuxO inhibitors act by an uncompetitive mechanism by binding to the pre-formed LuxO-ATP complex to inhibit ATP hydrolysis. Genetic analyses suggest that the inhibitors bind in close proximity to the Walker B motif. The inhibitors display broad-spectrum capability in activation of QS in Vibrio species that employ LuxO. To the best of our knowledge, these are the first molecules identified that inhibit the ATPase activity of a NtrC-type response regulator. Our discovery supports the idea that exploiting pro-QS molecules is a promising strategy for the development of novel anti-infectives.
A Multi-Bit Neuromorphic Weight Cell using Ferroelectric FETs, suitable\n for SoC Integration (2017)

A multi-bit digital weight cell for high-performance, inference-only\nnon-GPU-like neuromorphic accelerators is presented. The cell is designed with\nsimplicity of peripheral circuitry in mind. Non-volatile storage of weights\nwhich eliminates the need for DRAM access is based on FeFETs and is purely\ndigital. The Multiply-and-Accumulate operation is performed using passive\nresistors, gated by FeFETs. The resulting weight cell offers a high degree of\nlinearity and a large ON/OFF ratio. The key performance tradeoffs are\ninvestigated, and the device requirements are elucidated.\n
Optimized Design of Heaters for Flying Height Adjustment to Preserve Performance and Reliability (2007)

We developed a thermal flying-height control (TFC) slider to control the flying height of magnetic recording heads. The slider basically consists of a small heater fabricated near the read/write element. This study discusses the effect of heater size and heater location on the change in the flying height at the read/write element. We also discuss the resulting temperature rise due to the additional heat applied by the heater. Specifically, we have found that small heaters generally resulted in lower heater power per unit change in the flying height and lower head temperature rise per unit change in the flying height. In terms of heater location, we have found that a heater closer to the air-bearing surface (ABS) also tends to result in a larger change in the flying height because of the larger protrusion shape. However, the head temperature rose significantly. Therefore, shorter ABS/heater distance was a trade off lower power against higher rise in head temperature. We concluded that smaller heaters and the shorter ABS/heater distance are better as long as head reliability is ensured
High capacity cell planning based on fractional frequency reuse with optimum trunking efficiency (2002)

The fractional frequency reuse plan organizes available frequencies into 16 frequency groups. This group of frequencies is then reused in such a way that three adjacent reuses of a frequency group forms an apex of a triangle. Each reuse on the triangle appears as back-to-back, radiating in different directions, 120/spl deg/ apart. This frequency reuse plan generates an N=5.333 tri-cellular plan, providing 30% more capacity than the conventional N=7 sectorized system.