gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Denaturation of Protein by Chlorine Dioxide:  Oxidative Modification of Tryptophan and Tyrosine Residues (2007)

Oxychlorine compounds, such as hypochlorous acid (HOCl) and chlorine dioxide (ClO2), have potent antimicrobial activity. Although the biochemical mechanism of the antimicrobial activity of HOCl has been extensively investigated, little is known about that of ClO2. Using bovine serum albumin and glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase of Saccharomyces cerevisiae as model proteins, here I demonstrate that the antimicrobial activity of ClO2 is attributable primarily to its protein-denaturing activity. By solubility analysis, circular dichroism spectroscopy, differential scanning calorimetry, and measurement of enzymatic activity, I demonstrate that protein is rapidly denatured by ClO2 with a concomitant decrease in the concentration of ClO2 in the reaction mixture. Circular dichroism spectra of the ClO2-treated proteins show a change in ellipticity at 220 nm, indicating a decrease in alpha-helical content. Differential scanning calorimetry shows that transition temperature and endothermic transition enthalpy of heat-induced unfolding decrease in the ClO2-treated protein. The enzymatic activity of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase decreases to 10% within 15 s of treatment with 10 microM ClO2. Elemental analyses show that oxygen, but not chlorine, atoms are incorporated in the ClO2-treated protein, providing direct evidence that protein is oxidized by ClO2. Furthermore, mass spectrometry and nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy show that tryptophan residues become N-formylkynurenine and tyrosine residues become 3,4-dihydroxyphenylalanine (DOPA) or 2,4,5-trihydroxyphenylalanine (TOPA) in the ClO2-treated proteins. Taking these results together, I conclude that microbes are inactivated by ClO2 owing to denaturation of constituent proteins critical to their integrity and/or function, and that this denaturation is caused primarily by covalent oxidative modification of their tryptophan and tyrosine residues.
Parallel Ligand Screening on Olefin Mixtures in Asymmetric Hydroformylation Reactions (2004)

[reaction: see text] Herein we describe a new protocol for catalyst evaluation in asymmetric hydroformylation reactions where multisubstrate screening is performed in an array of parallel reactors. This method was successfully demonstrated using a mixture of styrene, allyl cyanide, and vinyl acetate. Using this screening methodology, a set of phosphite ligands was evaluated and led to the discovery of a bisphosphite ligand that gave 88% ee and unprecedented >100:1 branched:linear regioselectivity in asymmetric hydroformylation of vinyl acetate.
Three Types of Ternary Selenides with Layered Composite Crystal Structures Formed in the Pb-Nb-Se System (1992)

Three types of ternary selenides with layered composite crystal structures, (PbSe) 1.14 NbSe 2 [A], (PbSe) 1.14 (NbSe 2 ) 2 [B] and (PbSe) 1.14 (NbSe 2 ) 3 [C], have been prepared and characterized by powder X-ray diffraction, electron diffraction, intercalation and electric resistivity measurement. Results suggest that each selenide consists of PbSe layers(two-atoms-thick) and NbSe 2 sandwiches(three-atoms-thick) stacked alternately with the ratios of 1:1 for A, 1:2 for B and 1:3 for C, respectively. Electric resistivity measurements suggest that B and C are superconductors whose transition temperatures are 3.4 K and 4.8 K, respectively.
Natural convection air cooling characteristics of plate fins in a ventilated electronic cabinet (2002)

This work aims to evaluate natural convection air cooling characteristics of compact vertical rectangular plate fin arrays in a ventilated electronic cabinet. The work focuses on plate fin arrays applicable to notebook personal computers and engineering workstations. 3D laminar flow analyses using the finite volume method were performed in order to evaluate the natural air cooling characteristics of vertical rectangular plate fin arrays located in a ventilated electronic cabinet with cooling air inlet and exit. The governing equations are the continuity, momentum, and energy equations with buoyancy term using Boussinesq approximation. The equations were solved using the SIMPLE scheme. Calculations were carried out for plate spacing S=3, 4, 5 mm, fin height H=20, 30, 40 mm, cooling air inlet and exit height B=2.5, 5, 10 mm, and fin length L=10 mm. Numerical results indicated that the average heat transfer coefficient of the fin increases with increase in both the plate spacing S and the cooling air inlet and exit height B, and that the average heat transfer coefficient of the fin base is about one order of magnitude less than that of the fin surface. Results also showed that in the case where the fin length is equal to the air inlet height, the average fin heat transfer coefficient is almost equal to that of natural convection in a vertical rectangular channel. Additionally, based on numerical results, some empirical equations for the average Nusselt number of vertical rectangular plate fin arrays located in a ventilated electronic cabinet with cooling air inlet and exit are proposed as a function of Ra/sub s/.
Colloidal Strategies for Preparing Oxide‐Based Hybrid Nanocrystals (2007)

Abstract Recent progress of colloidal chemistry in the synthesis of multimaterial nanostructures incorporating transition‐metal oxides is reviewed. Attention is focused on the emerging class of hybrid nanocrystals (HNCs), in which domains of different materials are interconnected through inorganic junctions in defined spatial arrangements. The level of expertise so far achieved in the preparation of single‐material NCs with finely tuned geometric parameters has been further extended into elegant “seeded growth” approaches for accessing elaborate HNCs by control of interfacial lattice strain and surface energy in liquid media. Various topological configurations are analyzed, including concentric core/shell architectures, hetero‐oligomers grouping spherical material domains and more asymmetric hybrid nanostructures based on rod‐shaped sections. The chemical‐physical properties and technological advantages offered by such multifunctional HNCs are also summarized.(© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2008)
Shortest-path queries for complex networks (2012)

We present new and improved methods for efficient shortest-path query processing. Our methods are tailored to work for two specific classes of graphs: graphs with small tree-width and complex networks. Seemingly unrelated at first glance, these two classes of graphs have some commonalities: complex networks are known to have a core--fringe structure with a dense core and a tree-like fringe.
4(1H)-Quinolones. 2. Antimalarial effect of some 2-methyl-3-(1-alkenyl- or -3-alkyl-4(1H)-quinolones (1974)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXT4(1H)-Quinolones. 2. Antimalarial effect of some 2-methyl-3-(1-alkenyl- or -3-alkyl-4(1H)-quinolonesAdria C. CaseyCite this: J. Med. Chem. 1974, 17, 2, 255–256Publication Date (Print):February 1, 1974Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 February 1974https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jm00248a030https://doi.org/10.1021/jm00248a030research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views203Altmetric-Citations13LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Experimentally Defined Convolutional Neural Network Architecture Variants for Non-Temporal Real-Time Fire Detection (2018)

In this work we investigate the automatic detection of fire pixel regions in video (or still) imagery within real-time bounds without reliance on temporal scene information. As an extension to prior work in the field, we consider the performance of experimentally defined, reduced complexity deep convolutional neural network architectures for this task. Contrary to contemporary trends in the field, our work illustrates maximal accuracy of 0.93 for whole image binary fire detection, with 0.89 accuracy within our superpixel localization framework can be achieved, via a network architecture of signficantly reduced complexity. These reduced architectures additionally offer a 3-4 fold increase in computational performance offering up to 17 fps processing on contemporary hardware independent of temporal information. We show the relative performance achieved against prior work using benchmark datasets to illustrate maximally robust real-time fire region detection.
Low voltage and high transmittance blue-phase liquid crystal displays with corrugated electrodes (2010)

A low voltage (&lt;10 V) and high transmittance (∼85.6%) polymer-stabilized blue-phase liquid crystal (BPLC) display is proposed. The periodic corrugated electrodes generate a strong horizontal field component to induce isotropic-to-anisotropic transition in the BPLC medium through Kerr effect. Moreover, this field is uniformly distributed across the entire LC layer so that the accumulated phase retardation along the beam path is large, resulting in low voltage and high transmittance. This approach enables BPLC to be addressed by amorphous-silicon thin film transistors, which would accelerate its emergence as next-wave display technology.
R2D2 reloaded: Dynamic video projection on a mobile service robot (2015)

In this paper, we present a holistic approach to enable mobile robots using video projection in a situation aware and dynamic way. Therefore, we show how to autonomously detect wall segments that are suitable to be used as projection target in a dynamic environment. We derive several quality measures to score the wall segments found in the local environment and show how these scores can be used by a particle swarm optimization to find the best local projection position for the mobile robot. Furthermore, it is demonstrated how the presented approach can be used to display directions in an orientation training task for stroke patients while the robot is following them.
An approach to protect Private Key using fingerprint Biometric Encryption Key in BioPKI based security system (2008)

In traditional Public Key Infrastructure (PKI) system, Private Key could be stored in central database or store distributed in smart-card and delivered to the users. The Private Key is usually protected by passwords that are easily guessed or stolen and thus lead to the collapse of the whole system. Current trend for PKI system is based on physiological and behavioral characteristics of persons, known as biometrics. This approach can increase the security of Private Key because in theory, the biometric features could not be guessed or forged. However, this approach still reveals a gap that is the vulnerability of storage device of Private Key and biometrics data. Malefactors can attack directly to these storage devices and steal user identification information. In this paper, we propose a solution that uses Biometric Encryption Key (BEK) to encrypt Private Key and protect Private Key in a secure way for both of two these kind of information. We also present the BEK generation algorithm and the BioPKI system to support this solution and then we illustrate the experimental results.
Cisd2 modulates the differentiation and functioning of adipocytes by regulating intracellular Ca2+ homeostasis (2014)

CISD2 is a causative gene associated with Wolfram syndrome (WFS). However, it remains a mystery as to how the loss of CISD2 causes metabolic defects in patients with WFS. Investigation on the role played by Cisd2 in specific cell types may help us to resolve these underlying mechanisms. White adipose tissue (WAT) is central to the maintenance of energy metabolism and glucose homeostasis in humans. In this study, adipocyte-specific Cisd2 knockout (KO) mice showed impairment in the development of epididymal WAT (eWAT) in the cell autonomous manner. A lack of Cisd2 caused defects in the biogenesis and function of mitochondria during differentiation of adipocytes in vitro. Insulin-stimulated glucose uptake and secretion of adiponectin by the Cisd2 KO adipocytes were decreased. Moreover, Cisd2 deficiency increased the cytosolic level of Ca(2+) and induced Ca(2+)-calcineurin-dependent signaling that inhibited adipogenesis. Importantly, Cisd2 was found to interact with Gimap5 on the mitochondrial and ER membranes and thereby modulate mitochondrial Ca(2+) uptake associated with the maintenance of intracellular Ca(2+) homeostasis in adipocytes. Thus, it would seem that Cisd2 plays an important role in intracellular Ca(2+) homeostasis, which is required for the differentiation and functioning of adipocytes as well as the regulation of glucose homeostasis in mice.
Poliovirus vaccination: current understanding of poliovirus interactions in humans and implications for the eradication of poliomyelitis (1999)

Poliomyelitis is a paralytic disease of the motor neurones of the central nervous system, which is caused by poliovirus. The virus is transmitted by the faecal-oral route, and if virus replication is confined to the gut, it is harmless. Poliomyelitis is an ancient human disease, but was rare until the beginning of the 20th century, when children began to be exposed to the virus at older ages and were, therefore, no longer protected by maternal antibody, which had already been lost. Inactivated polio vaccines are increasingly being used in those countries in which poliomyelitis has been brought under control; however, live vaccines are still the most widely used types and the World Health Organization (WHO) have set the goal of using such vaccines to eliminate the wild-type virus throughout the world by the year 2000. Substantial progress has been made to this end; however, the strains of poliovirus that are used as vaccines are able to adapt rapidly to the human gut, losing their attenuated (weakened) character within a few weeks. Currently, there is urgent debate about the best method of stopping vaccination against poliomyelitis once the wild-type poliovirus has been eliminated completely, so that the vaccine-strain virus will also be eliminated. Proposed strategies include the abrupt cessation of vaccination with the live virus worldwide, followed by the optional use of inactivated vaccines for an appropriate period. Further information about both the epidemiology and the pathogenesis of the disease is required before an informed choice can be made. The topics covered in this article include a brief history of studies of the disease, its pathogenesis and its control by vaccination, the molecular biology of the live vaccines, which have been extremely successful in controlling poliomyelitis so far, and the concerns that are raised as the eradication of the wild-type virus approaches.
Apolipoprotein E and affective symptoms in mild cognitive impairment and Alzheimer’s disease dementia: A systematic review and meta-analysis (2018)

There is no evidence that APOE ε4 carriership or zygosity is associated with the presence of depression, anxiety, apathy, agitation, irritability or sleep disturbances in cognitively impaired subjects. Future research should shift its focus from this single polymorphism to a more integrated view of other biological factors.
Shared memory multiprocessors: the right approach to parallel processing (2003)

The authors discuss the inherent bandwidth limitations of shared buses, which are assumed to set a ceiling on the performance and scalability of this architecture. They report on three years of experience with production multiprocessor systems. Advances in bus and cache technologies have greatly raised the ceiling which limits the throughput of bus-based multiprocessors. Sophisticated hierarchies of buses and caches increase the range over which such systems may scale. Most importantly, the symmetrical shared-memory model continues to allow these systems to be programmed in a very general and straightforward way, a claim which is not common to any other multiprocessor architecture. It is shown that the shared-memory model makes development of parallel programs easier than with distributed memory machines.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Vitamin D and Kidney Disease (2008)

Abnormalities in vitamin D metabolism play a major role in the pathogenesis of secondary hyperparathyroidism in chronic kidney disease. The gradual and progressive decline in 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D in the course of chronic kidney disease is the result of several mechanisms that limit the ability of the failing kidney to maintain the levels of 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D despite increasing levels of parathyroid hormone. Recent observations have indicated that chronic kidney disease seems to be associated with a high incidence of nutritional vitamin D insufficiency or deficiency as manifested by decreased levels of 25-hydroxyvitamin D. This contributes to the inability to maintain the levels of 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D; therefore, current practice guidelines suggest repleting vitamin D status by the administration of native vitamin D as a first step in the therapy of the abnormalities of bone and mineral metabolism in chronic kidney disease. The efficacy of this therapy is extremely variable, and active vitamin D sterols may be required, especially as kidney disease progresses. The importance of the abnormal vitamin D metabolism is being investigated vigorously in view of the observations that vitamin D may have important biologic actions in many tissues in addition to bone and parathyroid. Thus, observational data have suggested potential survival benefits of vitamin D sterol administration in this clinical setting, and experimental data have suggested a potential beneficial effect of vitamin D sterols on the progression of kidney disease. Further work is required to define the mechanisms involved and to examine the effects of vitamin D therapy on outcomes in randomized, controlled trials.
Real-Time Geographic Visualization of World Wide Web Traffic. (1996)

The rapid growth of the World Wide Web (WWW) is well documented, with WWW sites now advertised in magazines, newspapers, and television commercials. Given current use of the WWW for scientific and educational information sharing and its emerging use for electronic commerce, studying access patterns is an important first step in understanding network implications and in designing future generations of WWW servers that can accommodate new media types and interaction modes. Due in large part to early development of the Mosaic WWW browser by the National Center for Supercomputing Applications (NCSA), the access load on the NCSA WWW server remains extremely high. Using the NCSA WWW server as a high load testbed, we describe Avatar, a virtual reality system for real-time analysis and mapping of WWW server accesses to their point of geographic origin on various projections of the Earth. As HTTP protocols expand to demographic data, the Avatar architecture can be extended to correlate this da...
Probabilistic Caching in Wireless D2D Networks: Cache Hit Optimal Versus Throughput Optimal (2016)

Departing from the conventional cache hit optimization in cache-enabled wireless networks, we consider an alternative optimization approach for the probabilistic caching placement in stochastic wireless D2D caching networks taking into account the reliability of D2D transmissions. Using tools from stochastic geometry, we provide a closed-form approximation of cache-aided throughput, which measures the density of successfully served requests by local device caches, and we obtain the optimal caching probabilities via numerical optimization. Compared with the cache-hit-optimal case, the optimal caching probabilities obtained by cache-aided throughput optimization show notable gain in terms of the density of successfully served user requests, particularly in dense user environments.
Routing Protocols in Wireless Sensor Networks - A Survey (2010)

Advances in wireless sensor network (WSN) technology has provided the availability of small and low-cost sensor nodes with capability of sensing various types of physical and environmental conditions, data processing, and wireless communication. Variety of sensing capabilities results in profusion of application areas. However, the characteristics of wireless sensor networks require more effective methods for data forwarding and processing.
Clinicopathologic correlation of localized retinal pigment epithelium debridement. (1997)

Abrasive debridement is more commonly associated with abnormal FAs and with incomplete RPE repopulation, choriocapillaris atrophy, and outer retinal degeneration than is hydraulic debridement. This clinicopathologic study may give insight into FA interpretation after choroidal neovascular membrane removal in human patients.
A Holistic Approach to Designing Energy-Efficient Cluster Interconnects (2005)

Designing energy-efficient clusters has recently become an important concern to make these systems economically attractive for many applications. Since the cluster interconnect is a major part of the system, the focus of this paper is to characterize and optimize the energy consumption in the entire interconnect. Using a cycle-accurate simulator of an InfiniBand Architecture (IBA) compliant interconnect fabric and actual designs of its components, we investigate the energy behavior on regular and irregular interconnects. The energy profile of the three major components (switches, network interface cards (NICs), and links) reveals that the links and switch buffers consume the major portion of the power budget. Hence, we focus on energy optimization of these two components. To minimize power in the links, first we investigate the dynamic voltage scaling (DVS) algorithm and then propose a novel dynamic link shutdown (DLS) technique. The DLS technique makes use of an appropriate adaptive routing algorithm to shut down the links intelligently. We also present an optimized buffer design for reducing leakage energy in 70nm technology. Our analysis on different networks reveals that, while DVS is an effective energy conservation technique, it incurs significant performance penalty at low to medium workload. Moreover, energy saving with DVS reduces as the buffer leakage current becomes significant with 70nm design. On the other hand, the proposed DLS technique can provide optimized performance-energy behavior (up to 40 percent energy savings with less than 5 percent performance degradation in the best case) for the cluster interconnects.