gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Hybrid FMCW-interferometry radar system in the 5.8 GHz ISM band for indoor precise position and motion detection (2013)

A hybrid FMCW-interferometry radar sensor is presented. The proposed measurement system incorporates the linear frequency-modulated continuous-wave (FMCW) mode and the continuous wave (CW) interferometry mode. The radar system works in 5.8 GHz ISM band with a bandwidth of 160 MHz. Equipped with a special signal processing method, the hybrid system is capable of detecting absolute distance as well as slow motion. Experiments show that the absolute position detection has an average accuracy of 1.65 cm, and the accuracy of relative motion tracking is better than 2 mm.
Design of Magneto-Optical Ring Isolator on SOI Based on the Finite-Element Method (2011)

In this letter, we present the design of an integrated optical isolator realized by bonding a silicon micro-ring resonator with a Ce:YIG garnet. The nonreciprocal phase shift effect induced by applying a radial magnetic field has been studied using the finite-element method; numerical results clearly point out how to optimize the thickness of the silicon ring and Ce:YIG garnet in order to maximize the nonreciprocal effect between the forward and backward TM modes.
Compiling mappings to bridge applications and databases (2008)

Translating data and data access operations between applications and databases is a longstanding data management problem. We present a novel approach to this problem, in which the relationship between the application data and the persistent storage is specified using a declarative mapping, which is compiled into bidirectional views that drive the data transformation engine. Expressing the application model as a view on the database is used to answer queries, while expressing the database schema as a view on the application model allows us to leverage view maintenance algorithms for update translation. This approach has been implemented in a commercial product. It enables developers to interact with a relational database via a conceptual schema and an object-oriented programming surface. We outline the implemented system and focus on the challenges of mapping compilation, which include rewriting queries under constraints and supporting nonrelational constructs.
High Thermoelectric Figure of Merit in PbTe Alloys Demonstrated in PbTe–CdTe (2012)

Abstract PbTe alloys have been the most efficient materials for thermoelectric power generation since the 1950s. In addition to the observed lattice thermal conductivity reduction by alloy scattering, recent efforts targeting electronic‐transport enhancement through band structure engineering have demonstrated a design route to achieve extraordinary thermoelectric performance. Guided by these recent results, the current work discusses the influence of alloying CdTe in p‐type PbTe where the solubility is strongly temperature‐dependent. Beneficial changes to the band structure and effective scattering of phonons are concurrently inferred when the PbTe–CdTe precipitate composite is expected to become a solid solution at high temperature, enhancing the peak thermoelectric figure of merit to ~1.7. This work emphasizes the importance of solid solution alloys of PbTe for thermoelectric power‐generation applications and also provides an upper limit of about 1 micrometer to the average distance between interfaces above which phonon scattering by composite interfaces is ineffectual.
Angular Photodiode Array-Based Device to Detect Bacterial Pathogens in a Wound Model (2017)

We have developed a device that is able to rapidly and specifically diagnose bacterial pathogens in a wound model based on Mie scatter spectra from a tissue surface. The Mie scatter spectra collected is defined as the intensity of Mie scatter over the angle of detection from a tissue surface. A 650-nm LED perpendicular to the surface illuminates a tissue sample (90°) and photodiodes positioned in 10° increments from 10° to 80° of backscatter act as the detectors to collect these Mie scatter spectra. Through principal component analysis of the Mie scatter spectra collected, we have shown significant differences between Mie scatter spectra of tissues with bacterial pathogens versus those without, as well as significant differences between each species of bacteria tested. The device developed has been tested with a porcine dermis wound model, with samples inoculated with one of three bacterial species (Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, or Salmonella Typhimurium). Such a device could be critical in the monitoring of a wound for infection and rapid, specific diagnosis of a bacterial wound infection, which would significantly reduce the time and cost associated with specific diagnosis of a bacterial wound infection currently.
Mesophilic Aeration of Autothermal Thermophilic Aerobically Digested Biosolids To Improve Plant Operations (2000)

Autothermal thermophilic aerobic digestion (ATAD) has been observed to exhibit a greater polymer demand for acceptable biosolids dewatering when compared with conventional mesophilic aerobic digestion. Field studies indicated that an increase in thermophilic detention time promoted the release of proteins and polysaccharides from the biosolids to the bulk solution with corresponding increases in cationic polymer demand and dewatered biosolids filtrate chemical oxygen demand (COD). Tests indicated that mesophilic aeration reduced the polymer demand necessary for acceptable dewatering through removal of proteins and polysaccharides from solution. Reduction in polymer demand after aeration seems to depend on both thermophilic and mesophilic aerobic detention times, whereas the dewatered cake solids seemed to be unaffected. Other process improvements produced by mesophilic aeration included reduction of odor, filtrate foam, filtrate COD, and filtrate phosphate.
80- to 10-Gb/s clock recovery using an electro-optic phase-locked loop (2002)

A Mach-Zehnder modulator is used as an electro-optic phase detector to lock a local oscillator to the 10-GHz base rate of an 80-Gb/s time-division multiplexed data stream.
A Gas Scintillation Monitor for Tritium Gas in Argon or in Nitrogen (1996)

For civilian purposes tritium is presently used in quantities of tens of PBq (MCi) in laboratories for the studies of tritium technology, at the Joint European Torus plant (Abingdon, Oxon, OX143A, UK) as fuel for the process of nuclear fusion, and in the manufacture of radio-luminescent items. Given the extreme mobility of tritium in most materials, it is necessary to use systems for double containment, such as glove boxes or spaces between primary and secondary containers, in which inert gas like argon or nitrogen flows. With these systems it is possible to recover tritium that escapes from the primary containment. Presently the gas flow is monitored continuously by means of ionization chambers which may present problems in particular applications ("memory effect" with high activity, strong dependence of the response on the presence of impurity, etc.). The aim of the work here presented is to determine the prospects for the realization of a new type of monitor mainly dedicated to the measurement of gas activity in isolation space of the containing systems of the high activity tritium plants. This monitor should have sufficient sensitivity, quick response, and should be easily decontaminated. As a detection technique we chose the scintillation produced in the inert gas by radioactive decay. With the first prototype, designed in cylindrical form, it was possible to observe gaseous scintillation events in mixture of tritium and argon or nitrogen. Following that, a spherical prototype was designed, of which we studied the performances and the dependence of the response varying the pressure, the concentration of tritium, the percentage of the impurity, and the gas flow rate. The results are satisfactory and suggest that the monitor could be used in glove boxes and double containment systems. The future research program will include tests involving large quantities of tritium and a study of the ideal dimensions and geometry of the detection chamber in order to optimize the detector response.
Self-assembly of electronically abrupt borophene/organic lateral heterostructures (2017)

Two-dimensional boron sheets (that is, borophene) have recently been realized experimentally and found to have promising electronic properties. Because electronic devices and systems require the integration of multiple materials with well-defined interfaces, it is of high interest to identify chemical methods for forming atomically abrupt heterostructures between borophene and electronically distinct materials. Toward this end, we demonstrate the self-assembly of lateral heterostructures between borophene and perylene-3,4,9,10-tetracarboxylic dianhydride (PTCDA). These lateral heterostructures spontaneously form upon deposition of PTCDA onto submonolayer borophene on Ag(111) substrates as a result of the higher adsorption enthalpy of PTCDA on Ag(111) and lateral hydrogen bonding among PTCDA molecules, as demonstrated by molecular dynamics simulations. In situ x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy confirms the weak chemical interaction between borophene and PTCDA, while molecular-resolution ultrahigh-vacuum scanning tunneling microscopy and spectroscopy reveal an electronically abrupt interface at the borophene/PTCDA lateral heterostructure interface. As the first demonstration of a borophene-based heterostructure, this work will inform emerging efforts to integrate borophene into nanoelectronic applications.
Production of Thermostable<i>Clostridium thermohydrosulfuricum</i>Xylose Isomerase in<i>Bacillus brevis</i> (1991)

The xylose isomerase gene from the thermophile Clostridium thermohydrosulfuricum has been cloned into Bacillus brevis. Under control of the strong cell wall protein promoter, the gene was efficiently expressed during the early stationary phase of growth, when cell densities were high. The expressed gene product was a soluble cytoplasmic protein and made up more than 20% of the total cellular protein. A simple heat treatment at 85°C for 10 min gave a virtually pure enzyme. Final isomerase yields were about 0.5 g isomerase per liter culture. The purified isomerase has an optimum temperature at 85°C, and an optimum pH around 7. The isomerase is stable at 85°C for several hours, opening possibilities for new uses.
Theory of Congested Highway Traffic: Empirical Features and Methods of Tracing and Prediction (2002)

This paper presents results of an empirical study of congested patterns at highway bottlenecks. These results allow finding predictable (reproducible and unique) features of the spatial-temporal structure of congested patterns and also allow making a classification of congested patterns. Also considered are some aspects of the three-phase traffic theory (free flow; synchronized flow; and wide moving jam).
In Vitro Structure−Activity Relationship and in Vivo Studies for a Novel Class of Cyclooxygenase-2 Inhibitors:  5-Aryl-2,2-dialkyl-4-phenyl-3(2<i>H</i>)furanone Derivatives (2004)

5-Aryl-2,2-dialkyl-4-phenyl-3(2H)furanone derivatives were studied as a novel class of selective cyclooxygenase-2 inhibitors with regard to synthesis, in vitro SAR, antiinflammatory activities, pharmacokinetic considerations, and gastric safety. 1f, a representative compound for methyl sulfone derivatives, showed a COX-2 IC(50) comparable to that of rofecoxib. In case of 20b, a representative compound for sulfonamide derivatives, a potent antiinflammatory ED(50) of 0.1 mg kg(-1) day(-1) was observed against adjuvant-induced arthritis by a preventive model, positioning 20b as one of the most potent COX-2 inhibitors ever reported. Furthermore, 20b showed strong analgesic activity as indicated by its ED(50) of 0.25 mg/kg against carrageenan-induced thermal hyperalgesia in the Sprague-Dawley rat. 3(2H)Furanone derivatives showed due gastric safety profiles as selective COX-2 inhibitors upon 7-day repeat dosing. A highly potent COX-2 inhibitor of the 3(2H)furanone scaffold could be considered suitable for a future generation COX-2 selective arthritis medication with improved safety profiles.
Improvements in reliability assessment and prediction methodology (2002)

This paper describes the continuing evolution of Honeywell's HIRAP, Honeywell In-Service Reliability Assessment Program. The approaches used in HIRAP remain consistent with industry efforts in the area of reliability assessment. The paper also presents a description of the process flows, showing simplifications that have occurred in the process over the last year. Unlike conventional reliability prediction methodologies, which focus solely on part failure rates, the methodologies presented here incorporate design failure rates, manufacturing process failure rates and other causes for equipment removal.
Learning Bayesian Networks From Dependency Networks: A Preliminary Study (2003)

In this paper we describe how to learn Bayesian networks from a summary of complete data in the form of a dependency network rather than from data directly. This method allows us to gain the advantages of both representations: scalable algorithms for learning dependency networks and convenient inference with Bayesian networks. Our approach is to use a dependency network as an &quot;oracle&quot; for the statistics needed to learn a Bayesian network. We show that the general problem is NP-hard and develop a greedy search algorithm. We conduct a preliminary experimental evaluation and find that the prediction accuracy of the Bayesian networks constructed from our algorithm almost equals that of Bayesian networks learned directly from the data.
Removal of fluoride from aqueous nitric acid (1981)

Several methods for removing fluoride from aqueous nitric acid were investigated and compared with the frequently used aluminum nitrate-calcium nitrate (Ca/sup 2 +/-Al/sup 3 +/) chemical trap-distillation system. Zirconium oxynitrate solutions were found to be superior in preventing volatilization of fluoride during distillation of the nitric acid, producing decontamination factors (DFs) on the order of 2 x 10/sup 3/ (vs approx. 500 for the Ca/sup 2 +/-Al/sup 3 +/ system). Several other metal nitrate systems were tested, but they were less effective. Alumina and zirconia columns proved highly effective in removing HF from HF-HNO/sub 3/ vapors distilled through the columns; fluoride DFs on the order of 10/sup 6/ and 10/sup 4/, respectively, were obtained. A silica gel column was very effective in adsorbing HF from HF-HNO/sub 3/ solutions, producing a fluoride DF of approx. 10/sup 4/.
Molecular biology and electrophysiology of glutamategated chloride channels of invertebrates (1996)

In this chapter we summarize the available data on a novel class of ligand-gated anion channels that are gated by the neurotransmitter glutamate. Glutamate is classically thought to be a stimulatory neurotransmitter, however, studies in invertebrates have proven that glutamate also functions as an inhibitory ligand. The bulk of studies conducted in vivo have been on insects and crustaceans, where glutamate was first postulated to act on H-receptors resulting in a hyperpolarizing response to glutamate. Recently, glutamate-gated chloride channels have been cloned from several nematodes and Drosophila. The pharmacology and electrophysiological properties of these channels have been studied by expression in Xenopus oocytes. Studies on the cloned channels demonstrate that the invertebrate glutamate-gated chloride channels are the H-receptors and represent important targets for the antiparasitic avermectins.
Site-Specific Pyrolysis-Induced Cleavage at Aspartic Acid Residue in Peptides and Proteins (2007)

A simple and site-specific nonenzymatic method based on pyrolysis has been developed to cleave peptides and proteins. Pyrolytic cleavage was found to be specific and rapid as it induced a cleavage at the C-terminal side of aspartic acid in the temperature range of 220-250 degrees C in 10 s. Electrospray ionization (ESI) mass spectrometry (MS) and tandem-MS (MS/MS) were used to characterize and identify pyrolysis cleavage products, confirming that sequence information is conserved after the pyrolysis process in both peptides and protein tested. This suggests that pyrolysis-induced cleavage at aspartyl residues can be used as a rapid protein digestion procedure for the generation of sequence-specific protein biomarkers.
A Nanoscale Parametric Feedback Oscillator (2011)

We describe and demonstrate a new oscillator topology, the parametric feedback oscillator (PFO). The PFO paradigm is applicable to a wide variety of nanoscale devices and opens the possibility of new classes of oscillators employing innovative frequency-determining elements, such as nanoelectromechanical systems (NEMS), facilitating integration with circuitry and system-size reduction. We show that the PFO topology can also improve nanoscale oscillator performance by circumventing detrimental effects that are otherwise imposed by the strong device nonlinearity in this size regime.
Polyacrylic acid macromolecule—complexed zinc phosphate crystal conversion coatings (1985)

Abstract When water‐soluble polyacrylic acid (PAA) macromolecules are introduced into zinc phosphating liquids, significant improvements in the yield of conventional zinc phosphate conversion films deposited on carbon steel surfaces are obtained. The improvements include controllability of crystal dimensions, degree of crystallinity, and coating weight. The conversion layer formed is a composite microstructure consisting of a bulk PAA polymer and complexed PAA continuously overlaying a uniform array of fine dense zinc phosphate crystals. Interfacial studies of the composite layer using infrared spectroscopy, energy‐dispersive X‐ray spectrometry associated with scanning electron microscopy, and X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy indicated that the functional carboxylic acid groups in the PAA molecules were strongly chemisorbed by the Zn atoms at the outermost surface sites of the crystal layers. The intermolecular bridging action of the surface Zn atoms which connect the PAA and the zinc phosphate crystal layers results in good adhesion at the PAA–crystal interfaces. In addition, the plasticized complex formation plays an essential role in increasing the stiffness and the ductility of the normally conventional crystal films. The flexibility of the complex coating surface and the thickness and surface roughness of the thin PAA overlayer all affect the adhesive force at the interface between the organic polymer topcoat and the complexed coating.
Molecular Pathology of the <i>MEN1</i> Gene (2004)

Multiple endocrine neoplasia type 1 (MEN1), among all syndromes, causes tumors in the highest number of tissue types. Most of the tumors are hormone producing (e.g., parathyroid, enteropancreatic endocrine, anterior pituitary) but some are not (e.g., angiofibroma). MEN1 tumors are multiple for organ type, for regions of a discontinuous organ, and for subregions of a continuous organ. Cancer contributes to late mortality; there is no effective prevention or cure for MEN1 cancers. Morbidities are more frequent from benign than malignant tumor, and both are indicators for screening. Onset age is usually earlier in a tumor type of MEN1 than of nonhereditary cases. Broad trends contrast with those in nonneoplastic excess of hormones (e.g., persistent hyperinsulinemic hypoglycemia of infancy). Most germline or somatic mutations in the MEN1 gene predict truncation or absence of encoded menin. Similarly, 11q13 loss of heterozygosity in tumors predicts inactivation of the other MEN1 copy. MEN1 somatic mutation is prevalent in nonhereditary, MEN1-like tumor types. Compiled germline and somatic mutations show almost no genotype/phenotype relation. Normal menin is 67 kDa, widespread, and mainly nuclear. It may partner with junD, NF-kB, PEM, SMAD3, RPA2, FANCD2, NM23beta, nonmuscle myosin heavy chain II-A, GFAP, and/or vimentin. These partners have not clarified menin's pathways in normal or tumor tissues. Animal models have opened approaches to menin pathways. Local overexpression of menin in Drosophila reveals its interaction with the jun-kinase pathway. The Men1+/- mouse has robust MEN1; its most important difference from human MEN1 is marked hyperplasia of pancreatic islets, a tumor precursor stage.
Characteristics of a Ta photocathode for the generation of picosecond x-ray pulses (1990)

The properties of laser-driven tantalum photocathodes as an electron emitter for the creation of ultrashort electron bunches and x-ray pulses are discussed. Despite the smaller quantum efficiency of metals, their inertness, damage threshold, and lifetime compare favorably with semiconductor photocathodes. Using the fourth harmonic of a Nd:YAG laser, currents of over 3 nC per pulse have been achieved which produced x-ray pulses with a brightness of 6.2×106 Cu Kα x-ray photons cm−2 sr−1 and a duration of 70 ps, as determined by an x-ray streak camera.
Laser Augmented Diamond Drilling: A New Technique to Drill Hard and Brittle Materials (2016)

Laser Augmented Diamond Drilling (LADD) is a new technique to drill hard and brittle materials. It utilizes a laser that is focused through an optically transparent diamond bit to drill the workpiece. The laser decreases the hardness and brittleness of the material by heating and thermally softening, and also increases the tool life. Single crystal silicon (100) has been used as the working material in this research. It has been demonstrated that using the LADD process can improve the quality of entrance edge of the drilled holes as well as their inner surface finish. Resulting surfaces and chips (machining debris) show evidences of ductile mode cut.
Distributed Compressive Sensing (2009)

Abstract : Compressive sensing is a signal acquisition framework based on the revelation that a small collection of linear projections of a sparse signal contains enough information for stable recovery. In this paper we introduce a new theory for distributed compressive sensing (DCS) that enables new distributed coding algorithms for multi-signal ensembles that exploit both intra- and inter-signal correlation structures. The DCS theory rests on a new concept that we term the joint sparsity of a signal ensemble. Our theoretical contribution is to characterize the fundamental performance limits of DCS recovery for jointly sparse signal ensembles in the noiseless measurement setting; our result connects single-signal, joint, and distributed (multi-encoder) compressive sensing. To demonstrate the efficacy of our framework and to show that additional challenges such as computational tractability can be addressed, we study in detail three example models for jointly sparse signals. For these models, we develop practical algorithms for joint recovery of multiple signals from incoherent projections. In two of our three models, the results are asymptotically best-possible, meaning that both the upper and lower bounds match the performance of our practical algorithms. Moreover, simulations indicate that the asymptotics take effect with just a moderate number of signals. DCS is immediately applicable to a range of problems in sensor arrays and networks.
3-Hydroxyrifamycin S and further novel ansamycins from a recombinant strain R-21 of Nocardia mediterranei. (1981)

The structures of 3-hydroxyrifamycin S and six further novel ansamycins isolated from the recombinant strain R-21 of Nocardia mediterranei were identified by spectroscopic methods. Three types of structure were distinguished: Type 1: Ansamycins of the rifamycin S type Type 2: Ansamycins of the rifamycin G type Type 3: Ansamycins of the rifamycin W type.