gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Detection of p53 in inflammatory tissue and lymphocytes using immunohistology and flow cytometry: a critical comment. (1997)

Demonstration of p53 by western blot is more sensitive and reliable than immunohistology and flow cytometry. Western blot is the gold standard for the demonstration of p53 expression and should be used, whenever possible, to confirm p53 expression in normal tissue shown by immunohistology or flow cytometry. All other reports on p53 expression, especially those obtained using antibodies with an unusual staining pattern must be interpreted with caution.
Strategies for source space limitation in tomographic inverse procedures (1994)

The use of magnetic recordings for localization of neural activity requires the solution of an ill-posed inverse problem: i.e. the determination of the spatial configuration, orientation, and timecourse of the currents that give rise to a particular observed field distribution. In its general form, this inverse problem has no unique solution; due to superposition and the existence of silent source configurations, a particular magnetic field distribution at the head surface could be produced by any number of possible source configurations. However, by making assumptions concerning the number and properties of neural sources, it is possible to use numerical minimization techniques to determine the source model parameters that best account for the experimental observations while satisfying numerical or physical criteria. In this paper the authors describe progress on the development and validation of inverse procedures that produce distributed estimates of neuronal currents. The goal is to produce a temporal sequence of 3-D tomographic reconstructions of the spatial patterns of neural activation. Such approaches have a number of advantages, in principle. Because they do not require estimates of model order and parameter values (beyond specification of the source space), they minimize the influence of investigator decisions and are suitable for automated analyses. These techniques also allow localization of sources that are not point-like; experimental studies of cognitive processes and of spontaneous brain activity are likely to require distributed source models.
Monosaccharide Compositional Analysis of <i>Haemophilus influenzae</i> Type b Conjugate Vaccine (1993)

A method has been developed to analyze the monosaccharide composition of a Haemophilus influenzae type b vaccine designed to immunize infants against diseases caused by Haemophilus organisms. This vaccine consists of the Haemophilus influenzae type b capsular polysaccharide, polyribosylribitol phosphate, covalently coupled to an outer membrane protein complex from Neisseria meningitidis serogroup B. Samples of polyribosylribitol phosphate-outer membrane protein complex conjugate vaccine were hydrolyzed in trifluoroacetic acid and subjected to high-pH anion-exchange chromatography followed by pulsed amperometric detection. The vaccine was found to contain ribitol and ribose in an approximate molar ratio of 1:1, as in the structure of polyribosylribitol phosphate. In addition, the data of investigations revealed the presence of glucosamine, galactose, glucose, 2-keto-3-deoxyoctonic acid and sialic acid in approximate molar ratios of 6:5:4:2:1, which corresponds to sugar components of lipopolysaccharides integral to the structure of outer membrane protein complex. This method also can be applied to generate in process analytical data for providing the opportunity to improve process control and optimization.
Converting Web pages into well-formed XML documents (2003)

The work presented is part of a Web mining agent (WMA) system under development at our Multimedia and Mobile Agent Research Laboratory. The purpose of this system is to automatically extract specific information from Web pages and appropriately format the extracted information for further use. This requires resolving problems related to the disorganized nature of the Web that may result from ill-formatted HTML-based Web pages. The desired information is extracted from the Web documents by applying a sequence of filters to these documents. Each of the filters has a specific role. We discuss the filter that is used to convert Web documents into well-formed XML documents. This conversion involves the following operations: (i) syntactic mapping of HTML to XML, (ii) resolving ambiguity introduced by HTML tagging rules, and (iii) handling errors that may occur due to improper usage of HTML by the authors. The paper presents an overview of the Web mining agent system, then gives the motivations for the conversion into XML and finally, discusses in detail the transformation process performed on the Web documents.
Biomechanics of bone-fracture fixation by stiffness-graded plates in comparison with stainless-steel plates (2005)

Stiffness graded plates (with in-built variable stiffness) are deemed to offer less stress-shielding to the bone, providing higher compressive stress at the fractured interface (to induce accelerated healing) as well as higher tensile stress in the intact portion of the bone (to prevent bone remodeling and osteoporosis).
Deacetylation of YAP1 Promotes the Resistance to Chemo- and Targeted Therapy in FLT3-ITD+ AML Cells (2022)

The FLT3-ITD mutation occurs in about 30% of acute myeloid leukemia (AML) and is associated with poor prognosis. However, FLT3 inhibitors are only partially effective and prone to acquired resistance. Here, we identified Yes-associated protein 1 (YAP1) as a tumor suppressor in FLT3-ITD<sup>+</sup> AML. YAP1 inactivation conferred FLT3-ITD<sup>+</sup> AML cell resistance to chemo- and targeted therapy. Mass spectrometric assay revealed that DNA damage repair gene poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase 1 (PARP1) might be the downstream of YAP1, and the pro-proliferative effect by YAP1 knockdown was partly reversed <i>via</i> PARP1 inhibitor. Importantly, histone deacetylase 10 (HDAC10) contributed to decreased YAP1 acetylation levels through histone H3 lysine 27 (H3K27) acetylation, leading to the reduced nuclear accumulation of YAP1. Selective HDAC10 inhibitor chidamide or HDAC10 knockdown activated YAP1, enhanced DNA damage, and significantly attenuated FLT3-ITD<sup>+</sup> AML cell resistance. In addition, combination chidamide with FLT3 inhibitors or chemotherapy agents synergistically inhibited growth and increased apoptosis of FLT3-ITD<sup>+</sup> AML cell lines and acquired resistant cells from the relapse FLT3-ITD<sup>+</sup> AML patients. These findings demonstrate that the HDAC10-YAP1-PARP1 axis maintains FLT3-ITD<sup>+</sup> AML cells and targeting this axis might improve clinical outcomes in FLT3-ITD<sup>+</sup> AML patients.
Separation of Propionic Acid from Aqueous Solution by Solvent Extraction (2009)

The precise Liquid - liquid equilibrium (LLE) data are needed and required in design of many chemical processes, separation operations, and fermentation industry. In this research, (LLE) data for (trichloroethylen + propionic acid + water) were determined at atmospheric pressure and 300.15 K. LLE phase diagram was obtained for this ternary system. The distribution coefficients and the selectivity factors of the solvent were calculated. It can be seen that the separation factor values decrease from 10.55 to 4.317 with increasing propionic acid weight fraction in aqueous phase from 0.06 to 0.4.
Hexaalkylguanidinium Trifluoromethanesulfonates – A General Synthesis from Tetraalkylureas and Triflic Anhydride, and Properties as Ionic Liquids (2007)

Abstract More than thirty hexaalkylguanidinium trifluoromethanesulfonates 12 were prepared from N , N ‐diethyl‐ N′ , N′ ‐dimethylurea, N , N ‐dibutyl‐ N′ , N′ ‐diethylurea, or tetrabutylurea, triflic anhydride, and a dialkylamine or cyclic sec ‐amine in two steps. The combination of the urea and triflic anhydride first yields a bis(tetraalkylamidinio)ether bis(triflate) 10 , which is then converted into a salt 12 by reaction with the amine component. The reaction sequence can also be carried out as a one‐pot procedure. Eighteen of the prepared guanidinium triflates 12 constitute room‐temperature ionic liquids, which were characterized for their melting point, glass transition temperature, viscosity, and refractive index. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2007)
Enhanced broadband ultrafast detection of ultraviolet emission using optical Kerr gating (2014)

We demonstrate a high-sensitivity ultrafast emission spectrometer based on the optical Kerr effect that time resolves emission simultaneously in the ultraviolet and visible ranges. We show that using benzene as the Kerr medium leads to the optimal balance between time-resolution and sensitivity of the optical shutter with low losses due to ultraviolet absorption. Using this medium together with high contrast broadband polarizers and charge-coupled device detection, we achieve efficient detection of emission transients (bandwidth >1.5 eV) in a time bin of ~500 fs. To highlight the distinctive insights that can be gained by resolving complex subpicosecond dynamics in a single experiment, we present UV-visible transient emission spectra of technologically relevant wide bandgap zinc oxide. With an enhanced broadband detection, subpicosecond effects such as thermalization, bandgap renormalization, and carrier trapping can be easily assessed, with ramifications for optoelectronics and energy-related technologies.
Transient Phosphorus Diffusion Below the Amorphization Threshold (1991)

The transient‐enhanced diffusion of phosphorus in silicon has been investigated for doses and energies below the threshold for amorphization of the substrate. Transient‐enhanced diffusion occurs both for furnace and RTA annealing, and can increase the junction depth by 0.1–0.2 μm over that predicted by standard diffusion models. The magnitude of the transient is shown to depend on the implantation dose and energy, the anneal time and temperature, and the background doping level. A simple model of damage annealing is proposed which quantitatively describes the point defect enhancement of dopant diffusion and so allows each of these dependencies to be understood. In addition, these experiments provide a new means to characterize the diffusion and charge states of the point defects themselves.
The Growing Influence of Business in U.K. Diplomacy (2004)

Since coming to power in 1997 the Labour government of the United Kingdom(U.K.)\nhas renovated the diplomatic system so that the planning of commercial diplomacy has\nbeen centralized, the commercial activities of diplomats have been extended, and\nbusiness interests have been formally integrated within the diplomatic systems. The\nchanges to the institutions and practice of U.K. diplomacy now under way have\ncreated a diplomatic practice in which the balance between the commercial and\npolitical elements of commercial work has swung very much in favor of the former.
Molecular determinants of apoptosis induced by the cytotoxic ribonuclease onconase: evidence for cytotoxic mechanisms different from inhibition of protein synthesis. (2000)

Cytotoxic endoribonucleases (RNases) possess a potential for use in cancer therapy. However, the molecular determinants of RNase-induced cell death are not well understood. In this work, we identify such determinants of the cytotoxicity induced by onconase, an amphibian cytotoxic RNase. Onconase displayed a remarkable specificity for tRNA in vivo, leaving rRNA and mRNA apparently undamaged. Onconase-treated cells displayed apoptosis-associated cell blebbing, nuclear pyknosis and fragmentation (karyorrhexis), DNA fragmentation, and activation of caspase-3-like activity. The cytotoxic action of onconase correlated with inhibition of protein synthesis; however, we present evidence for the existence of a mechanism of onconase-induced apoptosis that is independent of inhibition of protein synthesis. The caspase inhibitor benzyloxycarbonyl-Val-Ala-Asp(OMe) fluoromethyl ketone (zVADfmk), at concentrations that completely prevent apoptosis and caspase activation induced by ligation of the death receptor Fas, had only a partial protective effect on onconase-induced cell death. The proapoptotic activity of the p53 tumor suppressor protein and the Fas ligand/Fas/Fas-associating protein with death domain (FADD)/caspase-8 proapoptotic cascade were not required for onconase-induced apoptosis. Procaspases-9, -3, and -7 were processed in onconase-treated cells, suggesting the involvement of the mitochondrial apoptotic machinery in onconase-induced apoptosis. However, the onconase-induced activation of the caspase-9/caspase-3 cascade correlated with atypically little release of cytochrome c from mitochondria. In turn, the low levels of cytochrome c released from mitochondria correlated with a lack of detectable translocation of proapoptotic Bax from the cytosol onto mitochondria in response to onconase. This suggests the possibility of involvement of a different, potentially Bax- and cytochrome c-independent mechanism of caspase-9 activation in onconase-treated cells. As one possible mechanism, we demonstrate that procaspase-9 is released from mitochondria in onconase-treated cells. A detailed understanding of the molecular determinants of the cytotoxic action of onconase could provide means of positive or negative therapeutic modulation of the activity of this potent anticancer agent.
Heart Rate Variability After Abdominal Aortic Surgery (2002)

Division of Cardiothoracic and Vascular Anesthesia and Intensive Care, University Hospital Vienna, Vienna, Austria
Inflammatory roles of P-selectin. (1993)

Polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMNs) bind rapidly and reversibly to endothelial cells induced to express P-selectin, a glycoprotein that mediates adhesive intercellular interactions. In addition, PMNs adherent to endothelium expressing P-selectin demonstrate an intracellular Ca2+ transient, functionally up-regulate beta-2-integrins (CD11/CD18 glycoproteins), become polarized in shape, and are primed for enhanced degranulation when subsequently stimulated with chemotactic factors. However, P-selectin induces none of these responses directly when used alone, when incorporated into model membranes, or when expressed by transfected cells. The absence of direct activation of the PMNs is not due to competing antiinflammatory effects of P-selectin; instead, purified P-selectin and P-selectin in membranes support agonist-stimulated PMN responses. Furthermore, tethering of PMNs to endothelial surfaces by P-selectin is required for priming to occur efficiently, as shown by experiments with blocking monoclonal antibodies. The priming event is directly mediated by the signaling molecule, platelet-activating factor (PAF), and is inhibited by blocking the PAF receptor on PMNs. Thus, P-selectin and PAF are components of an adhesion and activation cascade, but have distinct roles: P-selectin tethers and captures the PMN, whereas PAF mediates juxtacrine activation. In vivo, selectins may facilitate interaction of target cells with membrane-bound molecules that send intercellular signals, in addition to mediating rolling of leukocytes and other adhesive functions.
Perceptual assessment of laser‐speckle contrast (2012)

Abstract— A procedure is described for perceptually assessing the effects of laser speckle on target discrimination in the context of developing a laser‐display measurement standard. The perceptual approach avoids the difficulties inherent in assessing speckle contrast photometrically. Size thresholds for triangular test stimuli were obtained using an orientation discrimination task. Data were obtained for both a laser display and an LCD monitor using both a method of constant stimuli and a QUEST procedure. The identification threshold was 29% higher for the laser display. Given that the measured spatial resolutions of the displays were similar, the difference in threshold was attributed to the effects of laser speckle. Laser‐speckle size was also estimated as part of the display calibration. For a chosen camera f ‐number, speckle‐size data are necessary to determine the sensor pixel density required to photometrically estimate speckle contrast, and they may be useful for comparison with the data obtained using the perceptual procedure described here. Mean speckle size was estimated by scaling and normalizing the laser‐speckle luminance and then determining the width of the associated autocorrelation function. It is proposed that a laser‐display standard be developed based in part upon a comparison of task performance on the laser display to be evaluated and on a standard display.
Granulocytic myeloid-derived suppressor cells maintain feto-maternal tolerance by inducing Foxp3 expression in CD4<sup>+</sup>CD25<sup>−</sup>T cells by activation of the TGF-β/β-catenin pathway (2016)

This research was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 81270715; 91442113). The authors have nothing to disclose.
Radio resource management for cooperative wireless communication systems with organized beam-hopping techniques (2008)

Readiness in deployment and flexibility in radio resource configuration are the main features of future wireless communication systems. A cooperative wireless communication system (CWCS) is proposed to follow the same principle, aiming at improving the overall performance of a wireless system with the support of advanced beam-hopping techniques. In this article, we propose a multiloop radio resource management mechanism for the CWCS based on the organized beam-hopping (OBH) technique. The proposed RRM mechanism enhances the robustness of the CWCS, based on the OBH technique working with fast temporal-spatial variant traffic. The results show that the system performance can be further improved by hybrid transmission and event- driven access management techniques.
Formalin Fixation at Low Temperature Better Preserves Nucleic Acid Integrity (2011)

Fixation with formalin, a widely adopted procedure to preserve tissue samples, leads to extensive degradation of nucleic acids and thereby compromises procedures like microarray-based gene expression profiling. We hypothesized that RNA fragmentation is caused by activation of RNAses during the interval between formalin penetration and tissue fixation. To prevent RNAse activation, a series of tissue samples were kept under-vacuum at 4°C until fixation and then fixed at 4°C, for 24 hours, in formalin followed by 4 hours in ethanol 95%. This cold-fixation (CF) procedure preserved DNA and RNA, so that RNA segments up to 660 bp were efficiently amplified. Histological and immunohistochemical features were fully comparable with those of standard fixation. Microarray-based gene expression profiles were comparable with those obtained on matched frozen samples for probes hybridizing within 700 bases from the reverse transcription start site. In conclusion, CF preserves tissues and nucleic acids, enabling reliable gene expression profiling of fixed tissues.
Structure of succinonitrile in its plastic phase (1990)

The structure of succinonitrile in its orientationally disordered phase was reexamined through extended X-ray diffraction measurements. It was solved by using both the analytic procedures of symmetry-adapted functions and a Frenkel model assuming discrete orientations. A possible translation-rotation coupling was included in this latter case via an offset vector e. The study confirms that the nitrogen atoms are localised along the fourfold axis of the cubic cell but evidences a strong offset of the centre of mass for gauche conformations. It is shown that this can be explained by steric hindrance between some configurations of neighbouring molecules.
Intraluminal pressure patterns in the human colon assessed by high-resolution manometry (2017)

Assessment of colonic motor dysfunction is rarely done because of inadequate methodology and lack of knowledge about normal motor patterns. Here we report on elucidation of intraluminal pressure patterns using High Resolution Colonic Manometry during a baseline period and in response to a meal, in 15 patients with constipation, chronically dependent on laxatives, 5 healthy volunteers and 9 patients with minor, transient, IBS-like symptoms but no sign of constipation. Simultaneous pressure waves (SPWs) were the most prominent propulsive motor pattern, associated with gas expulsion and anal sphincter relaxation, inferred to be associated with fast propagating contractions. Isolated pressure transients occurred in most sensors, ranging in amplitude from 5-230 mmHg. Rhythmic haustral boundary pressure transients occurred at sensors about 4-5 cm apart. Synchronized haustral pressure waves, covering 3-5 cm of the colon occurred to create a characteristic intrahaustral cyclic motor pattern at 3-6 cycles/min, propagating in mixed direction. This activity abruptly alternated with erratic patterns resembling the segmentation motor pattern of the small intestine. High amplitude propagating pressure waves (HAPWs) were too rare to contribute to function assessment in most subjects. Most patients, dependent on laxatives for defecation, were able to generate normal motor patterns in response to a meal.
Neuroimmune mechanisms in health and disease: 2. Disease. (1996)

In the second part of their article on the emerging field of neuroimmunology, the authors present an overview of the role of neuroimmune mechanisms in defence against infectious diseases and in immune disorders. During acute febrile illness, immune-derived cytokines initiate an acute phase response, which is characterized by fever, inactivity, fatigue, anorexia and catabolism. Profound neuroendocrine and metabolic changes take place: acute phase proteins are produced in the liver, bone marrow function and the metabolic activity of leukocytes are greatly increased, and specific immune reactivity is suppressed. Defects in regulatory processes, which are fundamental to immune disorders and inflammatory diseases, may lie in the immune system, the neuro endocrine system or both. Defects in the hypothalamus-pituitary-adrenal axis have been observed in autoimmune and rheumatic diseases, chronic inflammatory disease, chronic fatigue syndrome and fibromyalgia. Prolactin levels are often elevated in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus and other autoimmune diseases, whereas the bioactivity of prolactin is decreased in patients with rheumatoid arthritis. Levels of sex hormones and thyroid hormone are decreased during severe inflammatory disease. Defective neural regulation of inflammation likely plays a pathogenic role in allergy and asthma, in the symmetrical form of rheumatoid arthritis and in gastrointestinal inflammatory disease. A better understanding of neuroimmunoregulation holds the promise of new approaches to the treatment of immune and inflammatory diseases with the use of hormones, neurotransmitters, neuropeptides and drugs that modulate these newly recognized immune regulators.