gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
[Behavioral, cellular and molecular consequences of the dopamine transporter gene inactivation]. (1998)

Mice lacking the the plasma membrane dopamine transporter (DAT), following gene inactivation or knock out, show an increase in their spontaneous locomotor activity that is of the same magnitude than in normal mice treated with amphetamine or cocaine, known to increase levels of dopamine in the basal ganglia. Many adaptive responses have occurred in these animals than could not compensate for the hyper activity of the dopamine system. Surprisingly, while intracellular dopamine levels were of only 5%, extracellular dopamine levels were increased by 300%. We investigated the regulation of tyrosine hydroxylase (TH), the rate limiting enzyme of dopamine synthesis, and found that this enzyme is regulated at the levels of mRNA, protein, trafficking as well as in its regional, cellular and subcellular organization. Our results establish not only the central importance of the transporter as the key element controlling dopamine levels in the brain, but also its role in the behavioral and biochemical action of amphetamine, cocaine and morphine. In addition, these mice have provided key elements leading to possible clinical and social implications for illnesses such as Parkinson disease, attention deficit disorder and drug addiction.
Blockchain beyond bitcoin (2016)

Blockchain technology has the potential to revolutionize applications and redefine the digital economy.
Polarization-maintaining optical fibers used for a laser diode redundancy system in a submarine optical repeater (1984)

Polarization-maintaining optical fibers are developed for installation in a submarine optical repeater. These fibers preserve the polarization of light emitted from laser diodes (LD's) to a single-mode fiber through a light-switching coupler. Crosstalk of less than -30 dB in a 1-m length of these optical fibers, called PANDA optical fibers, is achieved with a bending radius greater than 10 mm, twists of less than 60 turns, and tension of less than 3 kg, and ambient temperatures of <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">-20-80\deg</tex> C. The mechanical strength of these fibers is the same as that of single-mode fibers.
A review of some recent advances in perfectly-matched absorbers for mesh truncation in FEM (2002)

The author offer a number of observations on some of the results of research concerned with the problem of mesh truncation with perfectly matched layers (PML). The conformal PML design appears to be useful in reducing the white space in the computational domain of the FEM. Analytical solutions have shown that it is possible to locate the PML arbitrarily close to the surface of a convex, electrically-large scatterer. This leads to the conclusion that the conformal PML is very effective for mesh truncation, especially at high frequencies. The PML concept is applicable not only to electromagnetic propagation problems described by the vector wave equation, but also to applications governed by the scalar Helmholtz equation. This, in turn, implies that PML absorbers can be used for acoustic scattering or radiation problems as well. The tensor constitutive parameters of a perfectly-matched anisotropic medium must satisfy the Kramers-Kronig relationships, such that the dynamical system governed by the constitutive relations is causal. A causal PML design ensures a better performance over the entire frequency spectrum. In the past, the perfectly-matched absorbers have been employed in FDTD and FEM applications. However, it seems feasible to use them for FETD mesh truncation as well. A causal/conformal PML design seems to offer an optimal solution to effective mesh truncation over a wider band of frequencies.
Essential PowerShell for Office 365 (2018)

This book teaches you to use PowerShell to automate advanced administrative tasks not otherwise accessible in Office 365. You will learn time-saving techniques such as how to streamline administrative tasks, and how to manage users, licenses, and Office 365 services.
Integration of a relational database with multimedia data (2002)

We propose a method for integrating a preexisting conventional database system with a multimedia server in a multidatabase environment. In the multidatabase environment, changes to the preexisting database system are not allowed because such changes are too expensive. For the integration, high-level semantic description of multimedia data is modeled using the enhanced entity-relationship (EER) model to support content-based retrieval of multimedia data. The EER design is translated into a schema of the preexisting database system and then the translated schema is integrated with the preexisting database schema. The content description can be used to locate pertinent multimedia data, and the identifiers are used to access the multimedia data stored in the multimedia server. However, with only a simple schema representation of the semantic description of multimedia data, high levels of recall and precision of queries may not be obtained because conventional database systems provide only exact matching answers to the query. Thus, we extended the conventional query processing mechanism by providing a modified cooperative query answering mechanism.
Submicrometer-Sized Pickering Emulsions Stabilized by Silica Nanoparticles with Adsorbed Oleic Acid (2013)

Oil-water Pickering emulsions of about 200 nm were stabilized by nanosized hydrophilic silica after a simple surface treatment method. We have modified the aqueous silica nanoparticle dispersions by simple adsorption of oleic acid to their surfaces, improving the hydrophobicity of the particles while maintaining their charge and stability. The adsorption was monitored by small-angle X-ray scattering and electrophoretic measurements to estimate the interparticle interactions and surface charges. The effect of various parameters, such as nanoparticle concentration, amount of oleic acid, ionic strength, and pH, on the droplets' size and stability was investigated by dynamic light scattering. Furthermore, the ability of these modified silica nanoparticles to stabilize long-chain alkanes, liquid paraffin, and liquid-crystalline phases was examined.
Cobalt and Vanadium Trimetaphosphate Polyanions: Synthesis, Characterization, and Electrochemical Evaluation for Non-aqueous Redox-Flow Battery Applications (2017)

An electrochemical cell consisting of cobalt ([Co<sup>II/III</sup>(P<sub>3</sub>O<sub>9</sub>)<sub>2</sub>]<sup>4-/3-</sup>) and vanadium ([V<sup>III/II</sup>(P<sub>3</sub>O<sub>9</sub>)<sub>2</sub>]<sup>3-/4-</sup>) bistrimetaphosphate complexes as catholyte and anolyte species, respectively, was constructed with a cell voltage of 2.4 V and Coulombic efficiencies >90% for up to 100 total cycles. The [Co(P<sub>3</sub>O<sub>9</sub>)<sub>2</sub>]<sup>4-</sup> (1) and [V(P<sub>3</sub>O<sub>9</sub>)<sub>2</sub>]<sup>3-</sup> (2) complexes have favorable properties for flow-battery applications, including reversible redox chemistry, high stability toward electrochemical cycling, and high solubility in MeCN (1.09 ± 0.02 M, [PPN]<sub>4</sub>[1]·2MeCN; 0.77 ± 0.06 M, [PPN]<sub>3</sub>[2]·DME). The [PPN]<sub>4</sub>[1]·2MeCN and [PPN]<sub>3</sub>[2]·DME salts were isolated as crystalline solids in 82 and 68% yields, respectively, and characterized by <sup>31</sup>P NMR, UV/vis, ESI-MS(-), and IR spectroscopy. The [PPN]<sub>4</sub>[1]·2MeCN salt was also structurally characterized, crystallizing in the monoclinic P2<sub>1</sub>/c space group. Treatment of 1 with [(p-BrC<sub>6</sub>H<sub>4</sub>)<sub>3</sub>N]<sup>+</sup> allowed for isolation of the one-electron-oxidized spin-crossover (SCO) complex, [Co(P<sub>3</sub>O<sub>9</sub>)<sub>2</sub>]<sup>3-</sup> (3), which is the active catholyte species generated during cell charging. The success of the 1-2 cell provides a promising entry point to a potential future class of transition-metal metaphosphate-based all-inorganic non-aqueous redox-flow battery electrolytes.
Mixed-ligand Complexes of Magnesium and Calcium (1992)

Department of Chemistry, Purnea College, Purnea-854 301 <em>Manuscript received 24 December 1991, revised 16 April 1992, accepted 30 July 1992</em> Mixed-ligand Complexes of Magnesium and Calcium.
Human-level concept learning through probabilistic program induction (2015)

People learning new concepts can often generalize successfully from just a single example, yet machine learning algorithms typically require tens or hundreds of examples to perform with similar accuracy. People can also use learned concepts in richer ways than conventional algorithms-for action, imagination, and explanation. We present a computational model that captures these human learning abilities for a large class of simple visual concepts: handwritten characters from the world's alphabets. The model represents concepts as simple programs that best explain observed examples under a Bayesian criterion. On a challenging one-shot classification task, the model achieves human-level performance while outperforming recent deep learning approaches. We also present several "visual Turing tests" probing the model's creative generalization abilities, which in many cases are indistinguishable from human behavior.
Cell Death Associated with Abnormal Mitosis Observed by Confocal Imaging in Live Cancer Cells (2013)

Phenanthrene derivatives acting as potent PARP1 inhibitors prevented the bi-focal clustering of supernumerary centrosomes in multi-centrosomal human cancer cells in mitosis. The phenanthridine PJ-34 was the most potent molecule. Declustering of extra-centrosomes causes mitotic failure and cell death in multi-centrosomal cells. Most solid human cancers have high occurrence of extra-centrosomes. The activity of PJ-34 was documented in real-time by confocal imaging of live human breast cancer MDA-MB-231 cells transfected with vectors encoding for fluorescent γ-tubulin, which is highly abundant in the centrosomes and for fluorescent histone H2b present in the chromosomes. Aberrant chromosomes arrangements and de-clustered γ-tubulin foci representing declustered centrosomes were detected in the transfected MDA-MB-231 cells after treatment with PJ-34. Un-clustered extra-centrosomes in the two spindle poles preceded their cell death. These results linked for the first time the recently detected exclusive cytotoxic activity of PJ-34 in human cancer cells with extra-centrosomes de-clustering in mitosis, and mitotic failure leading to cell death. According to previous findings observed by confocal imaging of fixed cells, PJ-34 exclusively eradicated cancer cells with multi-centrosomes without impairing normal cells undergoing mitosis with two centrosomes and bi-focal spindles. This cytotoxic activity of PJ-34 was not shared by other potent PARP1 inhibitors, and was observed in PARP1 deficient MEF harboring extracentrosomes, suggesting its independency of PARP1 inhibition. Live confocal imaging offered a useful tool for identifying new molecules eradicating cells during mitosis.
Data Fusion Lexicon (1991)

Abstract : Standardized terminology for common communications in the field of data fusion. Since language and usage often underlie communication problems, the purpose of this lexicon is to provide some common terminology for theoreticians, developers and users involved in the field of data fusion. This will help facilitate the exchange of information and cooperation within the data fusion community through the enhancement of communications and understanding.
Strong long-range perpendicular exchange bias across a spacer layer (2019)

The perpendicular magnetic anisotropy (PMA) and perpendicular exchange bias (PEB) have been investigated in a CoPt/spacer/FeMn heterostructure by inserting Ta and Pt as spacer layers, respectively. First, we show that strong PMA can be obtained in (111)-oriented A1-CoPt single layer and CoPt/FeMn bilayer films on MgO (111) substrates. Then we demonstrate that the Ta and Pt spacer layers have largely different effects on the PMA and PEB of the CoPt/spacer/FeMn films. By increasing the thickness of the Ta spacer layer to 1 nm, the PMA and PEB drastically decrease. While, in the case of Pt, the PMA and PEB increase first, then slightly decrease. When the Pt spacer layer is 1 nm, a value of 85 Oe of the long-range PEB still can be obtained. The possible mechanisms were discussed to explain the different trends of PMA and PEB. Since Ta and Pt are the generally used materials in the spintronics, our study provides a piece of information for the control of the magnetic anisotropy and exchange bias in the current-induced magnetization switching of ferromagnet without external magnetic field.
Approaches to the Synthesis and Characterization of Spherical and Anisotropic Silver Nanomaterials (2008)

Abstract Recent advancements in solution‐based methods have enabled a wide range of remarkable morphologies and sizes of silver nanoparticles to be produced. In this chapter, some of the different approaches that have been taken to prepare Ag nanomaterials are discussed. Both, aqueous‐based and organic‐based procedures for the preparation of spherical particles are described. The controlled synthesis of shaped Ag nanoparticles is particularly highlighted, and theories regarding the growth of anisotropic silver particles are reviewed. The seed structure and growth‐directing abilities of different organic stabilizers are especially important.
Anthracyclines (1997)

The clinical activity of actinomycin D against Wilm's pediatric kidney tumor and choriocarcinoma in the early to mid-1950s resulted in a widespread effort to discover other antibiotic substances for potential use in the treatment of malignancies. As a result, cancer chemotherapy was altered immeasurably more than 30 years ago by the independent discoveries by Grein (1), Dubost (2), and their colleagues of an anthracycline antibiotic, derived from a Streptomyces soil mold, with significant experimental activity against leukemias. Structurally this intensely red product whose common name, daunorubicin, reflects both its Italian (daunomicina) and French (rubidomycine) origins, consists of a planar anthraquinone attached to a daunosamine sugar; the latter has been shown to stabilize intercalation of the molecule with DNA, which for many years was considered to be the principal mechanism of anthracycline action (3). Subsequently, although not necessarily through DNA interaction, this structural requirement has proven essential for the multiple potential mechanisms of action now identified for anthracyclines, including inhibition of DNA topoisomerase I (4) and II (5), inhibition of helicases (6), generation of toxic free radicals (7), alteration of membrane structure and function (8–10), and endonucleolytic cleavage (11).KeywordsAdvanced Breast CancerAnthracycline AntibioticAnthracycline TherapyOral IdarubicinDoxorubicin CardiotoxicityThese keywords were added by machine and not by the authors. This process is experimental and the keywords may be updated as the learning algorithm improves.
Functional netlists (2008)

In efforts to overcome the complexity of the syntax and the lack of formal semantics of conventional hardware description languages, a number of functional hardware description languages have been developed. Like conventional hardware description languages, however, functional hardware description languages eventually convert all source programs into netlists, which describe wire connections in hardware circuits at the lowest level and conceal all high-level descriptions written into source programs. We develop a variant of the lambda calculus, called l λ (linear lambda), which may serve as a high-level substitute for netlists. In order to support higher-order functions, l λ uses a linear type system which enforces the linear use of variables of function type. The translation of l λ into structural descriptions of hardware circuits is sound and complete in the sense that it maps expressions only to realizable hardware circuits and that every realizable hardware circuit has a corresponding expression in l λ. To illustrate the use of l λ as a high-level substitute for netlists, we design a simple hardware description language that extends l λ with polymorphism, and use it to implement a Fast Fourier Transform circuit.
Robust Identification of Hydrocarbon Debutanizer Unit using Radial Basis Function Neural Networks (RBFNNs) (2015)

Radial Basis Function Neural Network (RBFNN) is considered as a good applicant for the prediction problems due to it’s fast convergence speed and rapid capacity of learning, therefore, has been applied successfully to nonlinear system identification. The traditional RBF networks have two primary problems. The ﬁrst one is that the network performance is very likely to be affected by noise and outliers. The second problem is about the determination of the parameters of hidden nodes. In this paper, a novel method for robust nonlinear system identification is constructed to overcome the problems of traditional RBFNNs. This method based on using Support Vector Regression (SVR) approach as a robust procedure for determining the initial structure of RBF Neural Network. Using Genetic Algorithm (GA) for training SVR and select the best parameters as an initialization of RBFNNs. In the training stage an Annealing Robust Learning Algorithm (ARLA) has been used for make the networks robust against noise and outliers. The next step is the implementation of the proposed method on the Hydrocarbon Debutanizer unit for prediction of n-butane (C4) content. The performance of the proposed method (ARLA-RBFNNs) has been compared with the conventional RBF Neural Network approach. The simulation results show the superiority of ARLA-RBFNNs for process identification with uncertainty.
Tristes II de Ovídio: um pedido a Augusto (2009)

O intento deste trabalho e mostrar como o jogo alusivo presente nos Tristes pode auxiliar a veemente suplica ovidiana, a qual perpassa toda a obra e nao somente o livro II, ao provocar a comiseracao do Imperador pela situacao de sofrimento do exilado. Para tanto, apresentaremos o carater de nosso protagonista na obra, o de um “heroi” as avessas, elegiaco, e relacionaremos mais de perto o livro II com a elegia I, 2, ambos os textos caracterizados como suasoriae.
Distributed database concurrency controls using before-values (1981)

Associated with the write of a database entity is both the or old value, and the after or new value. Concurrency can be increased by allowing other transactions to read the before values of a given transaction. The ramifications of allowing this, particularly on a distributed system in which limited communications is desirable, are investigated. A careful distinction is made between design decisions concerning communications and design decisions concerning the responses to read/write requests. Two schemes for producing such controls are given, one scheme for systems where processes are committed on termination, and the other for systems where committment is made later.
SISTEM PENDUKUNG PENGAMBILAN KEPUTUSAN PEMILIHAN SEPEDA MOTOR MENGGUNAKAN METODE ANALYTICAL HIERARCHY PROCESS (AHP) (2015)

Penelitian ini mengembangkan sistem pendukung keputusan (SPK) dengan memamfaatkan metode analytical hierarchy process (AHP) sebagai proses dalam pemilihan sepeda motor. Dalam proses pemilihan ini digunakan beberapa kriteria untuk menentukan sepeda motor yang mana yang akan dipilih. SPK ini membantu dalam memtuskan pelamar mana yang akan dipilih. Penelitian skripsi ini lebih menitik beratkan kepada bagaimana merancang dan mengimplementasikan program serta dimaksudkan agar memudahkan dalam hal perhitungan. AHP digunakan sebagai metode dalam perhitungan dalam pemilihan sepeda motor ini. Keyword : sistem pendukung keputusan, AHP, kriteria
Exosome detection via surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy for cancer diagnosis (2022)

As nanoscale extracellular vesicles, exosomes are secreted by various cell types, and they are widely distributed in multiple biological fluids. Studies have shown that tumor-derived exosomes can carry a variety of primary tumor-specific molecules, which may represent a novel tool for the early detection of cancer. However, the clinical translation of exosomes remains a challenge due to the requirement of large quantities of samples when enriching the cancer-related exosomes in biological fluids, the insufficiency of traditional techniques for exosome subpopulations, and the complex exosome isolation of the current commercially available exosome phenotype profiling approaches. The evolving surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) technology, with properties of unique optoelectronics, easy functionalization, and the particular interaction between light and nanoscale metallic materials, can achieve sensitive detection of exosomes without large quantities of samples and multiplexed phenotype profiling, providing a new mode of real-time and noninvasive analysis for cancer patients. In the present review, we mainly discussed exosome detection based on SERS, especially SERS immunoassay. The basic structure and function of exosomes were firstly introduced. Then, recent studies using the SERS technique for cancer detection were critically reviewed, which mainly included various SERS substrates, biological modification of SERS substrates, SERS-based exosome detection, and the combination of SERS and other technologies for cancer diagnosis. This review systematically discussed the essential aspects, limitations, and considerations of applying SERS technology in the detection and analysis of cancer-derived exosomes, which could provide a valuable reference for the early diagnosis of cancer through SERS technology. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: Surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) has been applied to exosomes detection to obtain better diagnostic results. In past three years, several reviews have been published in exosome detection, which were narrowly focus on methods of exosome detection. Selection and surface functionalization of the substrate and the combination detection with different methods based on SERS will provide new strategies for the detection of exosomes. This review will focus on the above aspects. This emerging detection method is constantly evolving and contributing to the early discovery of diseases in the future.
Discrete Element Analysis on Mechanical Properties of Ballast Bed by Tamping in Railway Turnout Areas (2022)

Abstract Turnout is the key component of the railway tracks for trains to change direction, which is vital to operational safety and passenger comfort. Therefore, it is of great importance to perform a scientific and reasonable tamping operation for turnout areas. In this paper, based on the commercial software edem and recurdyn, a coupled simulation model of the large machine tamping device-rail-sleeper-ballast bed in the turnout area is jointly established, and the correctness of the model is verified by the test results of the lateral resistance of the ballast bed. The influence of tamping operation on the macro-and micromechanical properties of ballast bed at the switching part of railway turnout areas is studied and recommendations for the optimization of tamping operation are proposed. The results show that in the squeezing stage, strong force chains are distributed concentrately under sleepers, where the distribution range is approximately elliptical with a depth of 150 mm. After tamping, only the 200-mm ballast under the sleepers is compacted, where the compactness is increased by 5.9%. On the contrary, the compactness of the ballast in the sleeper crib is reduced by 27.4%, which is the weakest part. To ensure favorable tamping quality, the tamping sequence at the switching part of railway turnout areas is suggested to be conducted in order of first through track and then diverging track.