gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Rapamycin inhibits prostate cancer cell growth through cyclin D1 and enhances the cytotoxic efficacy of cisplatin. (2016)

Prostate cancer is the most common malignancy in Western men and hormone refractory cancer (HRPC) kills most of the patients. Chemo-resistance is a major obstacle for the treatment of prostate cancer. Platinum-complexes have been used to treat a number of malignancies including prostate cancer. However, it has limited effect to prostate cancer and with significant toxicity at higher doses. In recent years, increasing numbers of new agents targeting cancer specific pathways have become available and with low toxic side-effects. Rapamycin (Sirolimus) is an mTORC1 inhibitor, which inhibits the PI3K/Akt/mTOR signaling pathway, which is commonly altered in prostate cancer. We determined the expression of cyclin D1 and phosphorylated-mTOR proteins in association with the response to rapamycin in two androgen sensitive (22RV1 and LNCaP) and two androgen independent (DU145 and PC3) prostate cancer cell lines and found that the base-line and changes of cyclin D1 level, but not the expression level of p-mTOR, correlated with rapamycin sensitivity. We evaluated the cell killing effect of combined rapamycin and cisplatin treatment and showed that the combination had a more than additive effect in both androgen dependent and independent prostate cancer cells, which may be partially explained by the reduction of cyclin D1 expression by rapamycin. We also evaluated a range of combined treatment schedules, simultaneously or sequentially and found that continuous rapamycin treatment after a short cisplatin exposure was effective. The clinical application of these findings for prostate cancer treatment should be further investigated.
Successive orthogonalizations in the multistage CELP coder (1992)

The authors investigate three algorithms that orthogonalize codebooks in a multi-stage code excited linear prediction (CELP) speech coder. They carry out the same processing, a locally optimal modeling of the perceptual signal, but the computational costs differ. The authors show that the recursive modified Gram-Schmidt algorithm extra computational cost is less than the other two. An orthogonal codebook is defined a priori and the authors observe an equivalence to orthogonal transform coding. Three methods based on the Karhunen-Loeve transform for designing this codebook are compared. A partitioned shape-gain VQ is applied in the transform domain.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Performance Evaluation of a Prototype Distributed NFS Server (2004)

A high-performance file system is normally a key point for large cluster installations, where hundreds or even thousands of nodes frequently need to manage large volumes of data. While most solutions usually make use of dedicated hardware and/or specific distribution and replication protocols, the NFSP (NFS Parallel) project aims at improving performance within a standard NFS client/server system. In this paper we investigate the possibilities of a replication model for the NFS server, which is based on Lasy Release Consistency (LRC). A prototype has been built upon the user-level NFSv2 server and a performance evaluation is carried out.
Bessel-Beam Hyperspectral CARS Microscopy with Sparse Sampling: Enabling High-Content High-Throughput Label-Free Quantitative Chemical Imaging (2018)

Microscopy-based high-content and high-throughput analysis of cellular systems plays a central role in drug discovery. However, for contrast and specificity, the majority of assays require a fluorescent readout which always comes with the risk of alteration of the true biological conditions. In this work, we demonstrate a label-free imaging platform which combines chemically specific hyperspectral coherent anti-Stokes Raman scattering microscopy with sparse sampling and Bessel beam illumination. This enabled us to screen multiwell plates at high speed, while retaining the high-content chemical analysis of hyperspectral imaging. To demonstrate the practical applicability of the method we addressed a critical side effect in drug screens, namely, drug-induced lipid storage within hepatic tissue. We screened 15 combinations of drugs and neutral lipids added to human HepG2 liver cells and developed a high-content quantitative data analysis pipeline which extracted the spectra and spatial distributions of lipid and protein components. We then used their combination to train a support vector machine discriminative algorithm. Classification of the drug responses in terms of phospholipidosis versus steatosis was achieved in a completely label-free assay.
HighLight: a file system for tertiary storage (2002)

HighLight, a file system combining secondary disk storage and tertiary robotic storage that is being developed as part of the Sequoia 200 Project, is described. HighLight is an extension of the 4.4BSD log-structured file system (LFS), which provides hierarchical storage management without requiring any special support from applications. The authors present HighLight's design and various policies for automatic migration of file data between the hierarchy levels. The performance of HighLight was compared with that of the 4.4BSD LFS implementation. The initial results indicate that HighLight's performance is comparable to that of 4.4BSD LFS for disk-resident data, and the overhead associated with accessing data from the tertiary cache is negligible.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Low circulating regulatory T-cell levels after acute rejection in liver transplantation (2006)

Immune regulatory CD4+CD25+ T cells play a crucial role in inducing and maintaining allograft tolerance in experimental models of transplantation (Tx). In humans, the effect of Tx and immunosuppression on the function and homeostasis of CD4+CD25+ regulatory T cells (Tregs) is not well characterized. In this study, the frequency of Tregs in liver transplant recipients was determined based on flow cytometric analysis of CD4, CD25, CD45RO, and cytotoxic T lymphocyte antigen (CTLA)-4 markers, and the suppressor activity of Tregs was assessed in a mixed-leukocyte reaction. A link between Tregs, acute rejection, and immune-suppressive treatment was investigated. Liver transplant recipients had significantly higher Treg levels in peripheral blood pre-Tx than healthy controls. After Tx, a significant drop in the Treg fraction was observed. This reduction of circulating Tregs was transient and was associated with immunosuppression. In recipients who did not develop rejection, a relative recovery of Treg levels was seen within the first year after Tx. Recipients who experienced an episode of steroid-treated acute rejection, however, had sustained low Treg levels. The suppressive activities of CD4+CD25+ Tregs from rejectors, nonrejectors, and healthy controls on proliferation and interferon (IFN)-gamma production were indistinguishable. In conclusion, the percentage of CD4+CD25+CD45RO+CTLA-4+ quadruple-positive Tregs in peripheral blood decreases significantly after liver Tx. Treatment with methylprednisolone during Tx and for acute rejection is associated with low circulating Tregs. Despite these quantitative differences between rejectors and nonrejectors, the suppressive quality of CD4+CD25+ Tregs is identical in both groups.
Beam quality independent attenuation phantom for estimating patient exposure from x-ray automatic exposure controlled chest examinations (1984)

The periodic assessment of exposures in diagnostic radiology is an important part of a comprehensive quality assurance program. The most frequent radiologic examination conducted in the United States is chest radiography. Automatic exposure controlled (AEC) techniques are often used for this exam, and a standard patient-equivalent chest phantom is useful when estimating patient exposures on such systems. This is of particular importance if exposures are to be compared among AEC systems with different entrance x-ray spectra. Such a phantom has been developed to facilitate surveys of the average patient exposure from AEC posteroanterior chest radiography. The phantom is relatively lightweight and easily transportable, sturdy and made of readily available and relatively inexpensive materials (Lucite and aluminum). It accurately simulates the primary and scatter transmission through the lung-field regions of a patient-equivalent anthropomorphic phantom for x-ray spectra typically used in chest radiography. A clinical evaluation has been conducted to verify the patient equivalence of the phantom. Measurements of patient entrance skin exposure were obtained for a large number of patients on a variety of x-ray systems operated in the AEC mode using one or both lung-field detectors. Comparison of these data with exposure estimates derived from the phantom indicate that the phantom attenuates the x-ray beam in such a way that it can be employed to accurately and consistently estimate the mean exposure of the average patient under a variety of radiographic conditions. The design, development, and evaluation of the patient-equivalent attenuation phantom is described.
Determination of halogens in organic compounds by high resolution inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (HR-ICP-MS) (2003)

The feasibility of the determination of sub ppm to percentage levels of halogen elements (fluorine, chlorine, bromine, and iodine) in solid organic compounds and drug substances by double focusing sector field high-resolution inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (HR-ICP-MS) was investigated. Samples were dissolved in appropriate solvents and then diluted in either deionized water or 5% (v/v) ammonium hydroxide. By applying medium or high resolution, the background counts can be lowered by up to five orders of magnitude compared to conventional quadrupole ICP-MS systems. The signal sensitivities and memory effects of all four elements in different solvents were compared and assessed. The methods were applied to the determination of sub ppm to percentage levels of F, Cl, Br and I in a series of organic compounds and Merck drug substances. The results were found to be in excellent-to-reasonable agreement with the known or theoretical values of these compounds or drug substances. The limit of detection in solution for F was estimated to be 5 µg ml−1 (medium resolution), and for Cl, Br and I was 3 (high resolution), 0.08 (high resolution) and 0.03 (high resolution) ng ml−1, respectively.
Visual perception and aging. (2002)

A series of studies performed in our laboratory on aging and its effect on perceptual processing and working memory capacity for visual stimuli are reviewed. Specifically, studies on luminance, colour, motion, texture, and symmetry processing are reported. Furthermore, experiments on the capacity to retain size and spatial frequency information are also discussed. The general conclusion is that there are a number of perceptual abilities that diminish with age. However, the extent of these deficits will depend on the complexity of the neural circuitry involved for processing a given task. This is also true for visual working memory where no evidence of loss due to aging is demonstrated for processing low-level visual information, when individual differences in sensory input are compensated for. It is concluded that perceptual processing deficits due to aging (like working memory) will become evident when the computational load reaches a certain level of complexity (larger or more complex network) even if the tasks remain cognitively simple.
Structure optimization and fabricating capability analysis of an ion-beam machine for a subnanometer optical surface (2015)

Ultraprecise and ultrasmooth surfaces become critical requirements for some high-performance optical systems. Ion-beam figuring (IBF) is a good and highly deterministic method for the final precision optical figuring. However, the uniform convergences of all spatial frequency surface errors are strongly dependent on the dynamic performance and ion-beam stability of the IBF machine. In this paper, only the dynamic performance is discussed, which is limited by the acceleration and velocity of the motion system. So we discuss these problems and their influences on figuring optical surfaces in detail. The structure optimization principle is based on the fabricating capability of ultraprecise surface errors in all spatial frequency ranges. With this requirement, the structure optimization of a quick-response platform is performed to improve its dynamic performance. Manufacturing experiments on a fused silica spherical concave surface (Φ135.7 mm, radius of curvature 340.5 mm) are accomplished, and the IBF machine can effectively correct the figure errors and improve the surface quality simultaneously. The IBF process realizes the uniform convergence of surface errors in all spatial frequency ranges, which is reduced down to 0.368 nm RMS, 0.204 nm RMS, and 0.087 nm RMS, respectively. The final results indicate that the performance of the new designed IBF machine meets the requirements well for the fabrication of a subnanometer optical surface.
Management of 1000 Consecutive Cases of Hepatic Trauma (1979–1984) (1986)

From 1979 to 1984, 1000 patients with hepatic injuries were treated at one urban trauma center. Penetrating wounds were present in 86.4% of patients. Simple hepatorrhaphy, use of topical hemostatic agents, or drainage alone were the only forms of therapy required in 881 patients, and 65 (7.3%) died. Extensive hepatorrhaphy or hepatotomy with selective vascular ligation, resectional debridement or resection, selective hepatic artery ligation, or perihepatic packing were required, often in combination, in 119 patients, and 40 (33.6%) died. Uncomplicated recoveries occurred in 798 of the 918 patients (86.9%) surviving greater than 48 hours. In the remaining 13.1% of patients, intra-abdominal abscess formation was the most common late complication (32/918 = 3.5%). Mortality for the entire series of 1000 patients was 10.5%, with 78.1% (82/105) of all deaths occurring in the perioperative period from shock or transfusion-related coagulopathies.
A qualitative comparison study of data structures for large line segment databases (1992)

A qualitative comparative study is performed of the performance of three popular spatial indexing methods - the R-tree, R+-tree, and the PMR quadtree-in the context of processing spatial queries in large line segment databases. The data is drawn from the TIGER/Line files used by the Bureau of the Census to deal with the road networks in the US. The goal is not to find the best data structure as this is not generally possible. Instead, their comparability is demonstrated and an indication is given as to when and why their performance differs. Tests are conducted with a number of large datasets and performance is tabulated in terms of the complexity of the disk activity in building them, their storage requirements, and the complexity of the disk activity for a number of tasks that include point and window queries, as well as finding the nearest line segment to a given point and an enclosing polygon.
Blockchain in financial services: Regulatory landscape and future challenges (2016)

Distributed ledger technologies (DLTs), including blockchains, are increasingly getting a massive interest from established industries. The interest is especially strong among financial services firms, which are starting to see DLTs as a potential driver of huge savings in infrastructure and back-office processes.
Ferroelectric Liquid Crystal Spatial Light Modulator with Gray-Scale Capability (1991)

Memorized gray-scale capability was demonstrated in a ferroelectric liquid crystal optically addressed spatial light modulator (OASLM) prepared by using polyimide Langmuir-Blodgett films for the orientation of the liquid crystal.
Comparison of Energy Management Materials for Head Impact Protection (1997)

<div class="htmlview paragraph">Energy management materials are widely used in automotive interiors in instrument panel, knee bolster, and door absorber applications to reduce the risk of injury to an occupant during a crash. Automobile manufacturers must meet standards set by the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration (NHTSA) that identify maximum levels of injury to an occupant. The recent NHTSA upgrade to the Federal Motor Vehicle Safety Standard (FMVSS) 201 test procedure<sup>(<span class="xref">1</span>)</sup> for upper interior head impact protection has prompted energy management materials' use in several new areas of affected vehicles. While vehicle evaluations continue, results to date show that energy management foams can be effective in reducing the head injury criterion [HIC(d)] to acceptable government and OEM levels.</div>
Retinoic acid receptor signaling preserves tendon stem cell characteristics and prevents spontaneous differentiation in vitro (2016)

Based on these findings, RAR agonists could provide a valid approach for maintaining TSC stemness during expansion in vitro, thus improving their regenerative potential for cell-based therapy.
A robot listens to music and counts its beats aloud by separating music from counting voice (2008)

This paper presents a beat-counting robot that can count musical beats aloud, i.e., speak ldquoone, two, three, four, one, two, ...rdquo along music, while listening to music by using its own ears. Music-understanding robots that interact with humans should be able not only to recognize music internally, but also to express their own internal states. To develop our beat-counting robot, we have tackled three issues: (1) recognition of hierarchical beat structures, (2) expression of these structures by counting beats, and (3) suppression of counting voice (self-generated sound) in sound mixtures recorded by ears. The main issue is (3) because the interference of counting voice in music causes the decrease of the beat recognition accuracy. So we designed the architecture for music-understanding robot that is capable of dealing with the issue of self-generated sounds. To solve these issues, we took the following approaches: (1) beat structure prediction based on musical knowledge on chords and drums, (2) speed control of counting voice according to music tempo via a vocoder called STRAIGHT, and (3) semi-blind separation of sound mixtures into music and counting voice via an adaptive filter based on ICA (independent component analysis) that uses the waveform of the counting voice as a prior knowledge. Experimental result showed that suppressing robotpsilas own voice improved music recognition capability.
Synthesis of Oligosaccharides That Form Parts of the Complex Type of Carbohydrate Moieties of Glycoproteins. Three Glycosides Prepared for Conjugation to Proteins. (1983)

Condensation of 3,6-di-O-acetyl-4-O-(2,3,4,6-tetra-O-acetyl-beta-D-galactopyranosyl)-2-deoxy-2- phthalimido-beta-D-glucopyranosyl bromide with p-nitrophenyl 3-O-benzoyl-4,6-di-O-benzylidene-alpha-D-mannopyranoside, p-nitrophenyl 3,6-di-O-benzyl-alpha-D-mannopyranoside and p-nitrophenyl 3,4-di-O-benzyl-alpha-D-mannopyranoside gave protected tri- and pentasaccharides. The oligosaccharide glycosides 1, 2 and 3 were obtained after de-protection of these condensation products. These oligosaccharides will, after suitable conversions, be conjugated to proteins for biological studies.
GUIDELINES FOR USE OF FABRICS IN CONSTRUCTION AND MAINTENANCE OF LOW-VOLUME ROADS (1977)

"Prepared by: Forest Service, Pacific Northwest Region, U.S. Department of Agriculture." Reprint of June 1977 edition published by USDA, Forest Service, Portland, Oregon. Bibliography: p. xiv-xvi
Adjunctive treatment with subantimicrobial doses of doxycycline: effects on gingival fluid collagenase activity and attachment loss in adult periodontitis (2001)

Doxycycline administered at subantimicrobial doses led to improvements in disease parameters, with no apparent side effects, and appears to have significant potential as an oral adjunctive therapy in the long-term management of adult periodontitis.
Aproximaciones a los sistemas complejos: Adaptación y sistemas autocatalíticos (2003)

Resumen El articulo se centra en un estudio sobre la relacion que se produce entre los procesos de adaptacion y los sistemas cataliticos. Ello nos permite analizar tambien las nociones de espontaneidad, consumo de energia y sintesis molecular en ambientes abiogenicos. Tendra especial atencion, en lo relativo a sus implicancias para la evolucion en el marco de los sistemas complejos, el estudio de las propiedades que presentan los sistemas autocataliticos supracriticos. Asi, podremos afirmar que los procesos de adaptacion no se encuentran dirigidos exclusivamente por la seleccion natural, pues la logica interna de estos sistemas impone ciertas condiciones al medio circundante.
Emulsion Separation, Classification and Stability Assessment (2014)

An emulsion is a dispersed system consisting of at least two immiscible liquids, one of which is an internal or dispersed phase (dispersed as globules) within the external or continuous phase (other liquid phase), generally stabilized by an emulsifying agent. Emulsions have been widely used in many areas including petroleum, agriculture, food, pharmaceuticals and cosmetics, however, consumers highly appreciate emulsions for dermal application. Emulsions can be classified on the basis of their type or droplet size. The physical stability can be evaluated by two accelerated aging methods discussed i.e. storage of emulsions at different temperatures and measurement of creaming process by centrifugation. A stable emulsion is one in which there is a uniform distribution of the dispersed globules throughout the continuous phase. Major types of physical instabilities are discussed in this review including flocculation, creaming, coalescence and breaking and this review will concentrate on methods of improving emulsion stability in practice.
Self-Organizing Molecular Field Analysis:  A Tool for Structure−Activity Studies (1999)

Self-organizing molecular field analysis (SOMFA) is a novel technique for three-dimensional quantitative structure−activity relations (3D-QSAR). It is simple and intuitive in concept and avoids the complex statistical tools and variable selection procedures favored by other methods. Our calculations show the method to be as predictive as the best 3D-QSAR methods available. Importantly, steric and electrostatic maps can be produced to aid the molecular design process by highlighting important molecular features. The simplicity of the technique leaves scope for further development, particularly with regard to handling molecular alignment and conformation selection. Here, the method has been used to predict the corticosteroid-binding globulin binding affinity of the “benchmark” steroids, expanded from the usual 31 compounds to 43 compounds. Test predictions have also been performed on a set of sulfonamide endothelin inhibitors.
Labeling and decoding schemes for backward-compatible hierarchical coded modulation (2002)

Labeling and decoding schemes are compared for a backward-compatible hierarchical coded modulation system. This system, which is typical of recent proposals, uses two convolutional encoders (and two Viterbi decoders) with a hierarchical 16-QAM constellation, and is compatible with an existing QPSK based coded system. We derive upper bounds for four different schemes (two decoding schemes, multi-stage decoding and independent decoding, and two labeling schemes, Gray labeling and non-Gray labeling) in the AWGN channel. We show that the performance of the simple Gray labeling with independent decoding scheme is nearly optimum in the AWGN channel. Simulation results are given for comparison with the bounds.