gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Lipoxins Attenuate Renal Fibrosis by Inducing let-7c and Suppressing TGFβR1 (2013)

Lipoxins, which are endogenously produced lipid mediators, promote the resolution of inflammation, and may inhibit fibrosis, suggesting a possible role in modulating renal disease. Here, lipoxin A4 (LXA4) attenuated TGF-β1-induced expression of fibronectin, N-cadherin, thrombospondin, and the notch ligand jagged-1 in cultured human proximal tubular epithelial (HK-2) cells through a mechanism involving upregulation of the microRNA let-7c. Conversely, TGF-β1 suppressed expression of let-7c. In cells pretreated with LXA4, upregulation of let-7c persisted despite subsequent stimulation with TGF-β1. In the unilateral ureteral obstruction model of renal fibrosis, let-7c upregulation was induced by administering an LXA4 analog. Bioinformatic analysis suggested that targets of let-7c include several members of the TGF-β1 signaling pathway, including the TGF-β receptor type 1. Consistent with this, LXA4-induced upregulation of let-7c inhibited both the expression of TGF-β receptor type 1 and the response to TGF-β1. Overexpression of let-7c mimicked the antifibrotic effects of LXA4 in renal epithelia; conversely, anti-miR directed against let-7c attenuated the effects of LXA4. Finally, we observed that several let-7c target genes were upregulated in fibrotic human renal biopsies compared with controls. In conclusion, these results suggest that LXA4-mediated upregulation of let-7c suppresses TGF-β1-induced fibrosis and that expression of let-7c targets is dysregulated in human renal fibrosis.
Strain relaxation and defect formation in heteroepitaxial Si1−xGex films via surface roughening induced by controlled annealing experiments (1997)

Mechanisms of strain relaxation and defect formation during surface roughening in Si1−xGex films grown epitaxially on (100)Si substrates have been investigated by controlled annealing experiments. Epitaxial films 10 nm in thickness and containing 18% Ge, which are subcritical with respect to the formation of misfit dislocations, show strain relaxation through surface roughening on annealing at 850 °C, where surface grooves are aligned along 〈100〉 directions. Other films with 22% Ge and supercritical thicknesses have also been studied, where surface grooves are aligned along 〈110〉 directions.
Oral lichen planus associated with pigmentation. (1979)

President Roosevelt greets a crowd in South Dakota. He praises the pioneers and the veterans, especially for their character. Roosevelt also speaks of the need for the &ldquo;old pioneer virtues,&rdquo; good laws, and education.
Quantification and Optimization of Dynamic Kinetic Resolution (2003)

A complete and exact kinetic analysis of the phenomenon of dynamic kinetic resolution is presented. This analysis is applicable to reactions of stable stereoisomeric substrates whose ratios can be controlled and is valid for any set of kinetic conditions within the constraint of first-order and pseudo-first-order processes. Two new linear relationships are found for the dependence of the initial product ratio on the initial substrate ratio and for the dependence of the final product excess on the initial substrate excess. These relationships yield the minimum number of rate constant ratios needed to characterize the energetics of a chemical system exhibiting dynamic kinetic resolution completely. A distinct experimental advantage of this method is that it is based entirely on product studies. A simple graphical representation of the second linear relationship depicts visually the limiting Curtin−Hammett and anti-Curtin−Hammett conditions. From these conditions, a new parameter is defined that characterizes the efficiency of dynamic kinetic resolution and Curtin−Hammett efficiency. Simulations based on enantiomeric substrates illustrate how reactions may be optimized using this graphical treatment. An extension of this analysis to related kinetic schemes of varying degrees of complexity shows that the above linear relationships are universal. Results from these treatments are compared with Noyori's quantitative work on the stereoselective hydrogenation of β-ketoesters. Implications of this new analysis are also discussed in light of previous work done on the applicability of the Winstein−Holness and Curtin−Hammett approximations to reactions of substrates that are interconverting conformers. For these cases, an alternate definition of Curtin−Hammett efficiency is proposed that is based on the experimental determination of the initial and final product ratios and the equilibrium constant for substrate interconversion. This unified analysis can be readily applied to a wide variety of synthetic and mechanistic problems in organic chemistry where dynamic kinetic resolution is applicable.
The importance of N- and O-linked oligosaccharides for the biosynthesis and in vitro and in vivo biologic activities of erythropoietin (1991)

Erythropoietin (EPO) plays a critical role in stimulating the proliferation and differentiation of erythroid precursor cells. EPO is heavily glycosylated with three asparagine (N)-linked tetraantennary oligosaccharides that may contain N-acetyl-lactosamine repeats and a single serine (O)-linked oligosaccharide. EPO expressed in Chinese hamster ovary cells exhibits biologic properties and amino acid and carbohydrate composition similar to natural urinary EPO. The importance of the complex N-linked and the O-linked carbohydrate was studied by expressing EPO in cells that are deficient in UDP-galactose/UDP-N-acetylgalactosamine 4-epimerase activity. In these cells, the ability to add galactose and N-acetylgalactosamine to glycoproteins can be controlled by the addition of these sugars to the culture medium. The results demonstrate that a block in O-linked glycosylation and/or the ability to process N-linked carbohydrate to completion does not alter EPO secretion. EPO produced without O-linked carbohydrate exhibits normal in vitro and in vivo biologic activity and in vivo clearance. However, EPO produced with incompletely processed N-linked oligosaccharides exhibits normal in vitro activity but is at least 500-fold less effective in stimulating erythropoiesis in vivo. Studies on the survival of bioactive EPO remaining in the circulation demonstrated that EPO with incomplete N-linked oligosaccharides exhibits a sevenfold increased rate of clearance. However, this increased clearance may not fully account for the 500-fold loss of in vivo activity. These results suggest a potentially important unique requirement for appropriate complex N-linked oligosaccharides for the intrinsic biologic activity of EPO in vivo.
Mid-infrared lasers operating on a single quantum well at the type II heterointerface (2002)

We have proposed a new physical approach for the design of mid-IR lasers based on type II heterojunctions with a large asymmetric band-offset at the interface. These high potential barriers produce effective electron-hole confinement at the interface and results in a tunnel-injection radiative recombination mechanism within the device due to reduced leakage current from the active region. The creation of high barriers for carriers leads to their strong accumulation in the active region and increases quantum emission efficiency of the spatially separated electrons and holes across the heteroboundary. Our approach also leads to the suppression of non-radiative Auger-recombination and a corresponding increase in the operation temperature of the laser. The active region of the laser structure consists of the type II heterojunction formed by narrow-gap InGaAsSb and wide-gap GaInAsSb layers lattice-matched to InAs substrate. In the present work we compare the behaviour of p-p and p-n heterointerface tunnel injection lasers grown by LPE operating at /spl lambda/=3.2-3.26 /spl mu/m.
Interleukin-10 ameliorates the outcome of<i>Staphylococcus aureus</i>arthritis by promoting bacterial clearance (2002)

Staphyllococcus aureus-induced infections often result in high mortality and permanent joint destruction, despite treatment with antibiotics. IL-10 is typically regarded as an anti-inflammatory cytokine because it promotes a T helper cell type 2 response, and subsequently down-regulates cell mediated immune functions. To investigate the role of IL-10 in S. aureus-induced arthritis and sepsis, Balb/c mice, intact or defective with respect to IL-10 gene were intravenously inoculated with bacteria. IL-10-/- mice develop a more frequent and destructive arthritis compared to their congeneic controls. The mechanisms regulating such outcome may be due not only to the anti-inflammatory properties of IL-10 but also, directly or indirectly, to antibacterial features of this molecule. Indeed, inoculation of staphylococci to IL-10-/- mice resulted in higher bacterial load in blood and kidneys compared to congeneic controls. Altogether our data indicate that IL-10 is essential for efficient elimination of bacteria and thereby for protection against septic arthritis.
Dynamic Stackless Binary Tree Traversal (2013)

Figure 1. CHESS scene rendered using our stackless binary tree traversal algorithm. A fundamental part of many computer algorithms involves traversing a binary tree. One notable example is traversing a space-partitioning acceleration structure when computing ray-traced images. Traditionally, the traversal requires a stack to be tem-porarily stored for each ray, which results in both additional storage and memory-bandwidth usage. We present a novel algorithm for traversing a binary tree that does not require a stack and, unlike previous approaches, works with dynamic descent direction without restarting. Our algorithm will visit exactly the same sequence of nodes as a stack-based counterpart with extremely low computational overhead. No additional memory accesses are made for implicit binary trees. For sparse trees, par-ent links are used to backtrack the shortest path. We evaluate our algorithm using a ray tracer with a bounding volume hierarchy for which source code is supplied. 1.
Mechanisms of dramatic fluctuations of ornithine decarboxylase activity upon tonicity changes in primary cultured rat hepatocytes (1991)

We investigated the mechanisms underlying the marked induction of ornithine decarboxylase (ODC) activity by hypotonic treatment and its rapid decay upon reversal to isotonicity in primary cultures of adult rat hepatocytes. Upon hypotonic treatment, ODC synthesis rate increased progressively whereas the amount of ODC mRNA increased only about twofold. In addition, ODC was stabilized severalfold. ODC activity rapidly decreased upon restoration of isotonicity, owing to immediate and nearly complete suppression of ODC synthesis and 3-6-fold stimulation of ODC decay. The stimulation of ODC decay caused by restoration of isotonicity was mostly independent of time and protein synthesis. ODC decay was also stimulated by putrescine, even under hypotonic conditions, depending on time and new protein synthesis. Restoration of isotonicity and putrescine treatment together caused a synergistic stimulation of ODC decay, confirming that these act by different mechanisms.
A Comparative Study 4500-V Edge Termination Techniques for SiC Devices (2017)

This paper compares five edge termination techniques for SiC high-voltage devices: single zone junction termination extension (JTE), ring assisted-JTE (RA-JTE), multiple floating zone-JTE, hybrid-JTE, and floating field rings. PiN diodes with these edge terminations were fabricated on a 4.5kV-rated 4H-silicon carbide (4H-SiC) epi-layer. It was experimentally demonstrated that the Hybrid-JTE provides a nearly ideal breakdown voltage (~ 99% of the ideal parallel plane breakdown voltage) with a stable avalanche blocking behavior. RA-JTE, with tight control of the JTE implant dose, is demonstrated to be the most area-efficient edge termination structure for SiC power devices.
Conformer-Specific Adiabatic Cis .fwdarw. Trans Photoisomerization of cis-1-(2-Naphthyl)-2-phenylethene. A Striking Application of the NEER Principle (1995)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTConformer-Specific Adiabatic Cis .fwdarw. Trans Photoisomerization of cis-1-(2-Naphthyl)-2-phenylethene. A Striking Application of the NEER PrincipleJack Saltiel, Nikolay Tarkalanov, and Donald F. Sears Jr.Cite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1995, 117, 20, 5586–5587Publication Date (Print):May 1, 1995Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 May 1995https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00125a021RIGHTS & PERMISSIONSArticle Views136Altmetric-Citations44LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (257 KB) Get e-Alerts Get e-Alerts
POSTHARVEST LONGEVITY OF BAILEYA MULTIRADIATA AND ASTER BIGELOVII (1991)

Studies were conducted to determine postharvest longevity of field grown Desert Marigold ( Baileya multiradiata ) and perennial Aster (Aster bigelovii ) cut flowers. Flower stems were cut and placed into storage at 4, 7, 15 and 24C in the dark. Storage treatments included DI water, citric acid (CA), floralife (F), silver thiosulfate (STS) and modified atmosphere packaging (MAP). Flowers were rated daily using a scale of 1 (optimum condition) to 4 (unsaleable). Postharvest longevity of Baileya decreased quadratically with increasing temperature, (r 2 =0.67, P=0.001) between 4 and 24C. For Aster, postharvest longevity was greatest at 7C (13.3 days), slightly less at 4C (10.5 days) and only 5 days at 15 and 24C. Postharvest longevity of Baileya at 4C was doubled using STS, but was not affected by CA or F. MAP increased postharvest longevity of Aster 1.6- to 2.2-fold at each temperature. Other storage treatments for Aster were ineffective. The results suggest MAP may have potential as a storage technique for commercial cut flowers.
Large stable photoinduced refractive index change in a nonlinear optical polyester polymer with disperse red side groups (1991)

The photoinduced refractive index change of polyester with disperse red side groups was studied at several different wavelengths. This material exhibits a large photoinduced index change (0.3 at 633 nm) and in addition when poled has a sizable second-order nonlinear optical effect. This index change was monitored over 1000 h and long-term stability was demonstrated. Based on these results, a method using only photomasks to define channel waveguides and other patterns in such polymers was suggested and experimentally demonstrated. This photoinduced index change may have wide applications in integrated optical systems when these or other similar polymers are involved.
Small-Molecule Inhibitors of Lethal Factor Protease Activity Protect against Anthrax Infection (2013)

Bacillus anthracis, the causative agent of anthrax, manifests its pathogenesis through the action of two secreted toxins. The bipartite lethal and edema toxins, a combination of lethal factor or edema factor with the protein protective antigen, are important virulence factors for this bacterium. We previously developed small-molecule inhibitors of lethal factor proteolytic activity (LFIs) and demonstrated their in vivo efficacy in a rat lethal toxin challenge model. In this work, we show that these LFIs protect against lethality caused by anthrax infection in mice when combined with subprotective doses of either antibiotics or neutralizing monoclonal antibodies that target edema factor. Significantly, these inhibitors provided protection against lethal infection when administered as a monotherapy. As little as two doses (10 mg/kg) administered at 2 h and 8 h after spore infection was sufficient to provide a significant survival benefit in infected mice. Administration of LFIs early in the infection was found to inhibit dissemination of vegetative bacteria to the organs in the first 32 h following infection. In addition, neutralizing antibodies against edema factor also inhibited bacterial dissemination with similar efficacy. Together, our findings confirm the important roles that both anthrax toxins play in establishing anthrax infection and demonstrate the potential for small-molecule therapeutics targeting these proteins.
Effects of Time to Defibrillation and Subthreshold Preshocks on Defibrillation Success in Pigs (1989)

The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of: (1) time to defibrillation and (2) subthreshold preshocks on defibrillation success. We conducted two separate experiments in 19 anaesthetized, open-chested pigs. Defibrillation was attempted using the sequential pulse technique approximately 10 s after electrically induced ventricular fibrillation. Each sequential pulse shock consisted of two trapezoidal pulses (approximately 3 ms duration), separated by 0.2 ms. Current was delivered to three mesh electrodes (TX-7, Medtronic) sutured over the anterior right ventricle, posterior right ventricle, and lateral left ventricle. For each animal, defibrillation threshold (DFT) defined as the lowest delivered energy that defibrillated the heart, was measured twice and the average was designated as mean DFT. The energy at 1.4 times the specific mean DFT for each pig was designated as the test shock and 100 volts less than the mean DFT was designated as the preshock. In the first experiment, test shocks were delivered at five different fibrillation intervals (10, 20, 40, 60, and 90 s). Time to test shock delivery was randomized for 10 to 60 s, but, 90 s was always tested at the end of the study. Percentages of success at 10, 20, 40, 60, and 90 s were 94, 78, 94, 83, and 100%, respectively (p = NS). The 12 pigs in which all initial test shocks were successful were selected for the evaluation of post defibrillation arrhythmias. The cumulative incidence of complete heart block lasting at least 5 s were 8, 33, 83, 83, and 83%, respectively. The incidence of complete heart block increased significantly at 40 s (p less than 0.001).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
On the Complexity of Finding a Minimum Cycle Cover of a Graph (1997)

We prove that the problem of finding a cycle cover of smallest total length is NP-hard. This confirms a conjecture of Itai, Lipton, Papadimitriou, and Rodeh from 1981.MSC codes05C3868Q25Keywordscomplexityminimum cycle cover
ErbB/HER receptor activation and preclinical efficacy of lapatinib in vestibular schwannoma (2010)

Vestibular schwannomas (VS) arising sporadically or in patients with neurofibromatosis type 2 (NF2) consistently lack expression of Merlin, a tumor suppressor. Conventional treatment options include surgery and radiotherapy but there is no validated medical option. Recent evidence suggests that Merlin deficiency may result in abnormal activation of receptor tyrosine kinases (RTKs) and downstream signaling, promoting tumor growth. Although small-molecule RTK inhibitors are widely available for clinical use, no such therapy has been validated in patients with VS. To screen for RTK activation, surgical VS specimens from patients with and without NF2 were analyzed by phospho-RTK profiling arrays. Downstream signaling pathway activation was analyzed by phospho-MAPK arrays. Activated RTKs and downstream kinases were validated immunohistochemically in corresponding formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded tissues. Phospho-RTK arrays and immunohistochemistry showed consistent overexpression and activation of EGFR family receptors and evidence of ERK1/2 downstream signaling was observed in all samples analyzed (n = 11). Based on the findings, the small-molecule EGFR/ErbB2 kinase inhibitor lapatinib was selected for evaluation of target inhibition and treatment efficacy in our in vitro human schwannoma model. EGFR/ErbB2 targeted therapy with lapatinib inhibited ErbB2 phosphorylation and survivin upregulation, as well as downstream ERK1/2 and AKT activation, resulting in decreased proliferation. We conclude that EGFR family receptor activation is a consistent feature of both sporadic and NF2-related VS. Molecular targeted therapy with lapatinib downregulates survivin and has antiproliferative activity in a preclinical VS model. Based on these findings, a clinical trial with lapatinib for the treatment of VS is currently underway.
Synthesis of molecularly imprinted polymer nanoparticles for the fast and highly selective adsorption of sunset yellow (2016)

Novel molecularly imprinted polymer nanoparticles were synthesized by precipitation polymerization with sunset yellow as the template and [2-(methacryloyloxy)ethyl] trimethylammonium chloride as the functional monomer. The molecularly imprinted polymer nanoparticles were characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, and their specific surface area and thermal stability were measured. The molecularly imprinted polymer nanoparticles had a high adsorption capacity in wide pH range (pH 1-8) for sunset yellow. The adsorption equilibrium only needed 5 min, and the quantitative desorption was very fast (1 min) by using 10.0 mol/L HCl as the eluant. The maximum adsorption capacity of the molecularly imprinted polymer nanoparticles for sunset yellow was 144.6 mg/g. The adsorption isotherm and kinetic were well consistent with Langmuir adsorption model and pseudo-second-order kinetic model, respectively. The relative selectivity coefficients of the molecularly imprinted polymer nanoparticles for tartrazine and carmine were 9.766 and 12.64, respectively. The prepared molecularly imprinted polymer nanoparticles were repeatedly used and regenerated ten times without significant absorption capacity decrease.
Cytoplasmic Protein Imaging with Mid-Infrared Photothermal Microscopy: Cellular Dynamics of Live Neurons and Oligodendrocytes (2019)

Mid-infrared photothermal microscopy has been suggested as an alternative to conventional infrared microscopy because in addition to the inherent chemical contrast available upon vibrational excitation, it can feasibly achieve spatial resolution at the submicrometer level. Furthermore, it has substantial potential for real-time bioimaging for the observation of cellular dynamics without photodamage or photobleaching of fluorescent labels. We performed real-time imaging of oligodendrocytes to investigate cellular dynamics throughout the life cycle of a cell, revealing details of cell division and apoptosis, as well as cellular migration. In the case of live neurons, we observed a photothermal contrast associated with traveling protein complexes on an axon, which correspond to the transport of vesicles from the cell body to the dendritic branches of the neuron through the cytoskeleton. We anticipate that mid-infrared photothermal imaging will be of great use for gaining insights into the field of biophysical science, especially with regard to cellular dynamics and functions.