gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Potential use of date palm ash in cement-based materials (2017)

An increasing interest on using agricultural waste in producing quality building materials has been noticed for a negative impact of available cement binder due to its high energy consumption and excessive greenhouse gas emission in manufacturing process. Hence, this paper presents an experimental investigation on the mechanical, durability and microstructural performance of date palm ash (PA) with varying dosage. Mortar and concrete specimens were cast at 10%, 20% and 30% replacement of ordinary Portland cement (OPC). The optimum dosage and performance of date palm ash based mortar and concrete specimens was evaluated by measuring the compressive strength up to 360 days while rate of water absorption and rapid chloride permeability tests after 28-day curing. Further, the amount of hydration product was determined by Thermogravimetric Analysis (TGA), respectively in order to validate and justify the test results. The outcome of all test properties indicated that the mixtures prepared with 10% dosage of PA in mortar and concrete was optimum that effectively utilizes more Ca(OH)2 and produces additional CSH gel in improving the overall quality of concrete. Keywords: Date palm ash, Mortar, Concrete, Compressive strength, Permeability, TGA
High Temperature Transfer Molding Resins: Preliminary Composite Properties of PETI-375 (2004)

As part of an ongoing effort to develop materials for resin transfer molding (RTM) of high performance/high temperature composites, a new phenylethynyl containing imide designated as PETI-375 has been under evaluation. PETI-375 was prepared using 2,3,3 ,4 - biphenyltetracarboxylic dianhydride (a-BPDA), 1,3-bis(4-aminophenoxy)benzene and 2,2 - bis(trifluoromethyl)benzidine and endcapped with 4-phenylethynylphthalic anhydride. This material exhibited a stable melt viscosity of 0.1-0.4 Pa sec at 280 C. High quality, void-free laminates were fabricated by high temperature RTM using unsized T-650 carbon fabric and evaluated. After curing for 1 hour at 371 C, the laminates exhibited a glass transition temperature of approx. 375 C by thermomechanical analysis. The laminates were essentially void and microcrack free as evidenced by optical microscopic examination. The chemistry, physical, and composite properties of PETI-375 will be discussed.
Metabolic Engineering of the Purine Pathway for Riboflavin Production in <i>Ashbya gossypii</i> (2005)

Purine nucleotides are essential precursors for living organisms because they are involved in many important processes, such as nucleic acid synthesis, energy supply, and the biosynthesis of several amino acids and vitamins such as riboflavin. GTP is the immediate precursor for riboflavin biosynthesis, and its formation through the purine pathway is subject to several regulatory mechanisms in different steps. Extracellular purines repress the transcription of most genes required for de novo ATP and GTP synthesis. Additionally, three enzymes of the pathway, phosphoribosyl pyrophosphate (PRPP) amidotransferase, adenylosuccinate synthetase, and IMP dehydrogenase, are subject to feedback inhibition by their end products. Here we report the characterization and manipulation of the committed step in the purine pathway of the riboflavin overproducer Ashbya gossypii. We report that phosphoribosylamine biosynthesis in A. gossypii is negatively regulated at the transcriptional level by extracellular adenine. Furthermore, we show that ATP and GTP exert a strong inhibitory effect on the PRPP amidotransferase from A. gossypii. We constitutively overexpressed the AgADE4 gene encoding PRPP amidotransferase in A. gossypii, thereby abolishing the adenine-mediated transcriptional repression. In addition, we replaced the corresponding residues (aspartic acid310, lysine333, and alanine417) that have been described to be important for PRPP amidotransferase feedback inhibition in other organisms by site-directed mutagenesis. With these manipulations, we managed to enhance metabolic flow through the purine pathway and to increase the production of riboflavin in the triple mutant strain 10-fold (228 mg/liter).
MASH DDSM-Induced Spurs in a Fractional-$N$ Frequency Synthesizer (2019)

A MASH DDSM is conventionally employed in a fractional- N frequency synthesizer as the divider controller. The quantization noise of the MASH DDSM adds to the output phase noise. It has been shown that the nonlinearity within the synthesizer causes the divider controller contribution of the noise to increase and spurious tones are generated as the result. In the past the pattern of the fractional spur has been reported and studied. In measurements as well as simulations, sub-harmonic spurs, i.e. spurs at a lower frequency than the expected fractional spur, have been observed. In this work, the pattern of MASH DDSM-induced spurs is studied through simulations and observations in a commercial fractional- N frequency synthesizer.
Cardiorespiratory fitness estimation from heart rate and body movement in daily life (2020)

Low cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) increases risk of all-cause mortality and cardiovascular events. Periodic CRF assessment can have an important preventive function. The objective of this study was to develop a protocol-free method to estimate CRF in daily life based on heart rate (HR) and body acceleration measurements. Acceleration and HR data were collected from 37 subjects (men = 49%) while they performed a standardized laboratory activity protocol (sitting, walking, running, cycling) and during a 5-day free-living monitoring period. CRF was determined by oxygen uptake (V̇o<sub>2max</sub>) during maximal exercise testing. A doubly labeled water-validated equation was used to predict total energy expenditure (TEE) from acceleration data. A fitness index was defined as the ratio between TEE and HR (TEE-pulse). Activity recognition techniques were used to process acceleration features and classify sedentary, ambulatory, and other activity types. Regression equations based on TEE-pulse data from each activity type were developed to predict V̇o<sub>2max</sub>. TEE-pulse measured within each activity type of the laboratory protocol was highly correlated with V̇o<sub>2max</sub> (<i>r</i> from 0.74-0.91). Averaging the outcome of each activity-type specific equation based on TEE-pulse from the laboratory data led to accurate estimates of V̇o<sub>2max</sub> [root mean square error (RMSE): 300 mL O<sub>2</sub>/min, or 10%]. The difference between laboratory and free-living determined TEE-pulse was 3.7 ± 11% (<i>r</i> = 0.85). The prediction method preserved the prediction accuracy when applied to free-living data (RMSE: 367 mL O<sub>2</sub>/min, or 12%). Measurements of body acceleration and HR can be used to predict V̇o<sub>2max</sub> in daily life. Activity-specific prediction equations are needed to achieve highly accurate estimates of CRF.<b>NEW & NOTEWORTHY</b> This is among the very few studies validating, in free-living conditions, a method to estimate cardiorespiratory fitness using heart rate and body acceleration data. A novel parameter called TEE-pulse, which was defined as the ratio between accelerometer-determined energy expenditure and heart rate, was highly correlated with maximal oxygen uptake (V̇o<sub>2max</sub>). Activity classification and the use of activity-selective prediction equations outperformed previously published methods for estimating V̇o<sub>2max</sub> from heart rate and acceleration data.
Development of Live-Attenuated Arenavirus Vaccines Based on Codon Deoptimization (2015)

Several arenaviruses cause severe hemorrhagic fever in humans and pose a credible bioterrorism threat. Currently, no FDA-licensed vaccines are available to combat arenavirus infections, while antiarenaviral therapy is limited to the off-label use of ribavirin, which is only partially effective and is associated with side effects. Here, we describe the generation of recombinant versions of the prototypic arenavirus LCMV encoding codon-deoptimized viral nucleoproteins (rLCMV/NP(CD)). We identified rLCMV/NP(CD1) and rLCMV/NP(CD2) to be highly attenuated in vivo but able to confer protection against a subsequent lethal challenge with wild-type LCMV. These viruses displayed an attenuated phenotype during serial amplification passages in cultured cells. Our findings support the use of this approach for the development of safe, stable, and protective live-attenuated arenavirus vaccines.
Identification of a Receptor for Neuropeptide VGF and Its Role in Neuropathic Pain (2013)

VGF (nonacronymic) is a neuropeptide precursor that plays multiple roles in regulation of energy balance, reproduction, hippocampal synaptic plasticity, and pain. Data from a number of pain models showed significant up-regulation of VGF in sensory neurons. TLQP-21, one of the VGF-derived neuropeptides, has been shown to induce a hyperalgesic response when injected subcutaneously into the hind paw of mice. However, the precise role of VGF-derived neuropeptides in neuropathic pain and the molecular identity of the receptor for VGF-derived peptides are yet to be investigated. Here we identified gC1qR, the globular heads of the C1q receptor, as the receptor for TLQP-21 using chemical cross-linking combined with mass spectrometry analysis. TLQP-21 caused an increase in intracellular Ca(2+) levels in rat macrophages and microglia. Inoculation of TLQP-21-stimulated macrophages into rat hind paw caused mechanical hypersensitivity. The increase in intracellular Ca(2+) levels in macrophages was attenuated by either siRNA or neutralizing antibodies against gC1qR. Furthermore, application of the gC1qR-neutralizing antibody to rats with partial sciatic nerve ligation resulted in a delayed onset of nerve injury-associated mechanical hypersensitivity. These results indicate that gC1qR is the receptor for TLQP-21 and plays an important role in chronic pain through activation of macrophages. Because direct association between TLQP-21 and gC1qR is required for activation of macrophages and causes hypersensitivity, disrupting this interaction may be a useful new approach to develop novel analgesics.
Synthesis and antifungal activity of pradimicin derivatives. Modifications on the aglycone part. (1993)

Synthesis and antifungal activity of pradimicin analogs modified on the aglycone part is described. Upon modification studies at various sites of the aglycone part using pradimicin A (PRM A), C-11 position was found to be the sole site to be modified without loosing antifungal activity. Further modification studies at C-11 position were carried out with 11-OH derivative of pradimicin T1 (PRM T1) because of its easy availability. Among the compounds prepared, 11-demethoxy derivative of PRM A (12) and 11-O-ethyl (13) and 11-O-fluoroethyl (14) derivatives of PRM T1 showed promising antifungal activity comparable to that of PRM A.
A probabilistic model of referring expressions for complex objects (2009)

This paper presents a probabilistic model both for generation and understanding of referring expressions. This model introduces the concept of parts of objects, modelling the necessity to deal with the characteristics of separate parts of an object in the referring process. This was ignored or implicit in previous literature. Integrating this concept into a probabilistic formulation, the model captures human characteristics of visual perception and some type of pragmatic implicature in referring expressions. Developing this kind of model is critical to deal with more complex domains in the future. As a first step in our research, we validate the model with the TUNA corpus to show that it includes conventional domain modeling as a subset.
Studies of ion-beam-generation efficiency with reflex tetrodes (1978)

The unidirectionality of the ion current ina reflex tetrode has a result the efficient generation of pulsed ion beams. In this paper, experimental results are reported on the dependence of the ion-generation efficiency, in a reflex tetrode, upon the applied voltage, total current, anode-anode and anode-cathode separations, applied magnetic field.
Ustekinumab as Induction and Maintenance Therapy for Ulcerative Colitis (2019)

BACKGROUND The efficacy of ustekinumab, an antagonist of the p40 subunit of interleukin-12 and interleukin-23, as induction and maintenance therapy in patients with ulcerative colitis is unknown. METHODS We evaluated ustekinumab as 8-week induction therapy and 44-week maintenance therapy in patients with moderate-to-severe ulcerative colitis. A total of 961 patients were randomly assigned to receive an intravenous induction dose of ustekinumab (either 130 mg [320 patients] or a weight-range–based dose that approximated 6 mg per kilogram of body weight [322]) or placebo (319). Patients who had a response to induction therapy 8 weeks after administration of intravenous ustekinumab were randomly assigned again to receive subcutaneous maintenance injections of 90 mg of ustekinumab (either every 12 weeks [172 patients] or every 8 weeks [176]) or placebo (175). The primary end point in the induction trial (week 8) and the maintenance trial (week 44) was clinical remission (defined as a total score of ≤2 on the Mayo scale [range, 0 to 12, with higher scores indicating more severe disease] and no subscore >1 [range, 0 to 3] on any of the four Mayo scale components). RESULTS The percentage of patients who had clinical remission at week 8 among patients who received intravenous ustekinumab at a dose of 130 mg (15.6%) or 6 mg per kilogram (15.5%) was significantly higher than that among patients who received placebo (5.3%) (P<0.001 for both comparisons). Among patients who had a response to induction therapy with ustekinumab and underwent a second randomization, the percentage of patients who had clinical remission at week 44 was significantly higher among patients assigned to 90 mg of subcutaneous ustekinumab every 12 weeks (38.4%) or every 8 weeks (43.8%) than among those assigned to placebo (24.0%) (P=0.002 and P<0.001, respectively). The incidence of serious adverse events with ustekinumab was similar to that with placebo. Through 52 weeks of exposure, there were two deaths (one each from acute respiratory distress syndrome and hemorrhage from esophageal varices) and seven cases of cancer (one each of prostate, colon, renal papillary, and rectal cancer and three nonmelanoma skin cancers) among 825 patients who received ustekinumab and no deaths and one case of cancer (testicular cancer) among 319 patients who received placebo. CONCLUSIONS Ustekinumab was more effective than placebo for inducing and maintaining remission in patients with moderate-to-severe ulcerative colitis.
The Synthesis of [carbonyl -11C]WAY-100635 and Two Analogues Using [11C]Carbon Monoxide (2005)

One-step photoinitiated free radical carbonylation was employed for the rapid (5–7 min) labelling of aliphatic carboxylic acids, esters, and amides with a short-lived positron emitter 11C (t½ = 20.3 min) at the carbonyl position. The labelled compounds were synthesized from alkyl iodides (0.05–0.1 mmol), [11C]carbon monoxide, and appropriate nucleophiles. Decay-corrected radiochemical yields were up to 74%; conversion of [11C]carbon monoxide reached 85–90%; specific radioactivity was 158–192 GBq/mmol. The labelled compounds were identified and characterized using HPLC, LC-MS, and 1H and 13C NMR. The effects of solvents, additives, photoirradiation, temperature, and reaction time were studied and discussed.[carbonyl-11C]Amides were synthesized using amines in 1–2 equiv. to iodides, exploiting solvent effects to control reactivity. [carboxyl-11C]Acids were synthesized using water as a nucleophile, in binary and ternary aqueous solvent mixtures; the addition of TBAOH or KOH was necessary to obtain high radiochemical yields. [carbonyl-11C]Esters were synthesized using primary and secondary alcohols, tert-butanol, and phenol. Bases were KOH, BuLi, LiHDMS.The effects of photosensitizers were studied and exploited to accelerate the labelling of carboxylic acids and esters resulting in 75–85% decay-corrected radiochemical yields under mild conditions without the use of bases.A mild procedure for the 11C-carboxylation of alkyl iodides using DMSO as an oxygen nucleophile was developed. This method is expected to be suitable in the macroscale synthesis of carboxylic acids using isotopically unmodified carbon monoxide.Radical carbonylation was applied to improve the synthesis of an extensively used PET tracer, [carbonyl-11C]WAY-100635. The tracer was synthesized in one step, whereas a common approach via Grignard reagents requires three steps.In addition, several (13C)compounds were synthesised using the described methods.Free radical carbonylation may be used for the 11C-carbonylation of alkyl iodides, whereas transition-metal carbonylation – of aryl halides and triflates. Thus, the two carbonylation methods are complementary with respect to the scope of synthetic targets.
A Study on Magnetic Bearing Spindle for achieving a High DN Value (2006)

In recent years, there has been a growing demand for high-speed cutting work in the field of machining. The fundamental performance of the processing use spindle is normally evaluated by the magnitude of a DN value (spindle diameter × number of revolutions). In the case of the magnetic bearing, it is possible to provide a spindle of which the DN value surpasses the DN value of the ball bearing by making the best use of the features of non-contact rotation. However, it was discovered that magnetic bearing, which was expected to have small loss because of the non-contact structure, unexpectedly caused a great friction loss as the result of striving for higher DN value. The principal factor of the above result is the eddy current loss of the radial bearing. We proposed a new radial magnetic bearing structure to satisfy following (1) (2) at the same time. (1) High stiffness and a large loading capability can be kept. (2) The eddy current loss can be greatly decreased. Wide magnetic pole teeth are formed in the radial electromagnet. And, the both ends of the magnetic pole teeth have "a long rising interval" and "a long decelerating interval" of the magnetic flux density curve. This electromagnet was installed in the developed magnetic bearing spindle, and the evaluation experiment was done under the condition of the spindle diameter: D =Φ 90 mm, rotational speed: N = 50000 rpm, DN = 4.5 million and rising interval: α =10deg, uniformity interval: β =25deg, decelerating interval: γ =10deg. As a result, the temperature of bearing gap have decreased to about 1/2, and the motor power have decreased to 2/3 with the same radial stiffness maintained.
Piperazinylpyrazines with central serotoninmimetic activity (1978)

A series of 2-(1-piperazinyl)pyrazines was synthesized and evaluated for central serotonin-like activity. The most interesting member of the series, 6-chloro-2(1-piperazinyl)pyrazine (3a), had pharmacological properties characteristic of potent central serotoninmimetic activity and only weak peripheral serotoninmimetic action. Structural similarities between 3a and serotonin are discussed.
Enantioselective Total Synthesis of Some Brevicomins Using Aldolase Antibody 38C2 (1998)

Antibody catalysis has been used for the first time in a very efficient and highly enantioselective synthesis of natural products. Aldolase antibody 38C2 (Aldrich no. 47,995-0) catalyzes the aldol reaction between α-hydroxylated ketones and aldehydes to give syn-α,β-dihydroxy ketones with ee values>99% (see below). Since 38C2 also catalyzes the retro-aldol reaction, it is possible to prepare the other enantiomers by kinetic resolution. This has been applied in total syntheses of ten brevicomins.
DNA Vaccine Initiates Replication of Live Attenuated Chikungunya Virus In Vitro and Elicits Protective Immune Response in Mice (2014)

Live attenuated CHIKV 181/25 vaccine can be delivered in vitro and in vivo by using DNA vaccination. The iDNA approach appears to represent a promising vaccination strategy for CHIK and other alphaviral diseases.
An orthogonal function‐type adaptive digital filter applying a modified discrete fourier transform (1991)

Abstract An orthogonal function‐type adaptive digital filter (orthogonal function type ADF) is known as a means of improving the convergence speed of a tap coefficient in the case in which input is a colored signal such as a voice. Two different methods have been used for pole location of a transfer function of this ADF. One is the pole location of equal interval of 2π/ N (rad). ( N : tap number of ADF) starting at the phase 0 (rad) on the circle whose radius is very close to 1 within the unit circle of the z ‐plane. The other is the one resulting from rotating the above location by π/ N (rad). In the case of the former pole location, it has been shown that it is equivalent to a frequency sampling type ADF such that input is a periodic process of period N. Why improvement in convergence speed of the latter is the case is not clear at this date. In this paper we first derive an equivalent circuit of an orthogonal function type ADF using the latter pole location. In this circuit a modified discrete Fourier transform (MDFT) appears in which phase of a pole of a resonator of frequency sampling filter is shifted by π/ N (rad). Next, we present a condition for expansion coefficients of the MDFT circuit to be orthogonal to one another. Moreover, we clarify that this equivalent circuit is of a construction that satisfies the orthogonal condition of the MDFT circuit. Finally, we verify these results of investigation by several computer simulations.
Actively predicting diverse search intent from user browsing behaviors (2010)

This paper is concerned with actively predicting search intent from user browsing behavior data. In recent years, great attention has been paid to predicting user search intent. However, the prediction was mostly passive because it was performed only after users submitted their queries to search engines. It is not considered why users issued these queries, and what triggered their information needs. According to our study, many information needs of users were actually triggered by what they have browsed. That is, after reading a page, if a user found something interesting or unclear, he/she might have the intent to obtain further information and accordingly formulate a search query. Actively predicting such search intent can benefit both search engines and their users. In this paper, we propose a series of technologies to fulfill this task. First, we extract all the queries that users issued after reading a given page from user browsing behavior data. Second, we learn a model to effectively rank these queries according to their likelihoods of being triggered by the page. Third, since search intents can be quite diverse even if triggered by the same page, we propose an optimization algorithm to diversify the ranked list of queries obtained in the second step, and then suggest the list to users. We have tested our approach on large-scale user browsing behavior data obtained from a commercial search engine. The experimental results have shown that our approach can predict meaningful queries for a given page, and the search performance for these queries can be significantly improved by using the triggering page as contextual information.
Shape resonance terahertz filters (2006)

Terahertz transmission filters have been manufactured by perforating metal films with various geometric shapes which all support over 99% transmission at specific frequencies determined by geometric shape, symmetry, polarization, and lattice constant.