gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Efficient, ultra-high-affinity chromatography in a one-step purification of complex proteins (2017)

Protein purification is an essential primary step in numerous biological studies. It is particularly significant for the rapidly emerging high-throughput fields, such as proteomics, interactomics, and drug discovery. Moreover, purifications for structural and industrial applications should meet the requirement of high yield, high purity, and high activity (HHH). It is, therefore, highly desirable to have an efficient purification system with a potential to meet the HHH benchmark in a single step. Here, we report a chromatographic technology based on the ultra-high-affinity (<i>K</i><sub>d</sub> ∼ 10<sup>-14</sup>-10<sup>-17</sup> M) complex between the Colicin E7 DNase (CE7) and its inhibitor, Immunity protein 7 (Im7). For this application, we mutated CE7 to create a CL7 tag, which retained the full binding affinity to Im7 but was inactivated as a DNase. To achieve high capacity, we developed a protocol for a large-scale production and highly specific immobilization of Im7 to a solid support. We demonstrated its utility with one-step HHH purification of a wide range of traditionally challenging biological molecules, including eukaryotic, membrane, toxic, and multisubunit DNA/RNA-binding proteins. The system is simple, reusable, and also applicable to pulldown and kinetic activity/binding assays.
Topology control protocol using sectorized antennas in dense 802.11 wireless networks (2009)

We introduce a measurement-based optimization framework for topology control in dense 802.11 networks using sectorized antennas. We first formulate a topology control optimization problem, where nodes activate their sectorized antenna patterns to minimize network interference and maximize network capacity. In contrast to previous approaches, our formulation is based on a physical interference model that relies on received signal strength (RSS) measurements on multiple antenna patterns of each link. We then introduce a distributed measurement protocol to measure RSS of these antenna patterns and a greedy distributed topology control protocol that uses this information to achieve topologies of minimal interference. The protocols are experimentally evaluated on a dense 802.11 wireless testbed. Extensive measurements show that the protocols operate very close to optimal and yield significant increase in network throughput compared to omni-directional antennas. These results hold for various traffic scenarios in both wireless LAN and mesh network configurations.
A Practical Approach To Produce Near-Spherical Common Salt Crystals with Better Flow Characteristics (2006)

A practical approach to recycle glycine as habit modifier to produce rhombic dodecahedron shaped NaCl crystals from saturated NaCl solution is reported. It is also shown that the method is applicable to solar salt production from natural brines. The modified salt crystals have better flow characteristics than those of their cubic counterparts.
A Framework to Debug Diagnostic Matrices (2013)

   Diagnostics is an important concept in system health and monitoring of space operations. Many of the existing diagnostic algorithms utilize system knowledge in the form of diagnostic matrix (D-matrix, also popularly known as diagnostic dictionary, fault signature matrix or reachability matrix). The D-matrix maps tests on observed conditions to failures. This matrix is mostly gleaned from physical models during system development. But, sometimes, this may not be enough to obtain high diagnostic performance during operation due to system modifications and lag and noise in sensor measurements. In such a case, it is important to modify this D-matrix based on knowledge obtained from sources such as time-series data stream (simulated or maintenance data) within a framework that includes the diagnostic/inference algorithm. A systematic and sequential update procedure, diagnostic modeling evaluator (DME) is proposed to modify D-matrix and wrapper/test logic considering the least expensive update first. The user sets the diagnostic performance criteria. This iterative procedure includes conditions ranging from modifying 0’s and 1’s in the matrix, adding/removing the rows (failure sources)/columns (tests), or modifying test/wrapper logic used to determine test results. We will experiment this framework on ADAPT datasets from DX challenge 2009.
Laser emission of erbium-doped fluoride bulk glasses in the spectral range from 27 to 28 ?m (1999)

We report on the laser emission of erbium-doped fluoride glasses in the spectral range from 2.7 to 2.8 mum . The pump source was a fiber-coupled InGaAs semiconductor laser emitting near lambda(p)~970 nm . The laser performance of bulk samples with various ErF(3) contents was investigated with respect to the optimum doping concentration, which is estimated to be higher than 8 mol. %. A maximum output power of P(out) > 160 mW and a slope efficiency of eta = 10% were achieved. Results are compared with previously published data on erbium-doped ZBLAN fiber and LiYF(4) crystal lasers.
Measurement and Analysis of Surfactant Retention (2012)

Abstract Surfactant retention is one of the most important variables affecting the economics of chemical flooding and varies widely depending on the surfactant structure, mineralogy, salinity, pH, Eh, microemulsion viscosity, crude oil, co-solvent and mobility control among other variables. We have done a large number of dynamic surfactant retention measurements over a wide range of conditions using a variety of new-generation surfactants to recover crude oils from both sandstone and carbonate cores. Surfactant retention values for both surfactant-polymer (SP) and alkaline-surfactant-polymer (ASP) floods were measured and correlated with pH, total acid number (TAN) of the oil, temperature, co-solvent concentration, salinity of the polymer drive, mobility ratio, and molecular weight of the surfactant. Surfactant retention values ranged from about 0.01 to 0.37 mg/g of rock. SP and ASP formulations included mixtures of anionic and nonionic surfactants with and without co-solvents. The retention of anionic surfactants of all types was found to be similar on both sandstones and carbonate rocks.
Anaerobic biotransformations of pollutant chemicals in aquifers (1988)

Anaerobic microbial communities sampled from either a methanogenic or sulfate-reducing aquifer site have been tested for their ability to degrade a variety of groundwater pollutants, including halogenated aromatic compounds, simple alkyl phenols and tetrachloroethylene. The haloaromatic chemicals were biodegraded in methanogenic incubations but not under sulfate-reducing conditions. The primary degradative event was typically the reductive removal of the aryl halides. Complete dehalogenation of the aromatic moiety was required before substrate mineralization was observed. The lack of dehalogenation activity in sulfatereducing incubations was due, at least in part, to the high levels of sulfate rather than a lack of metabolic potential. In contrast, the degradation of cresol isomers occurred in both types of incubations but proved faster under sulfate-reducing conditions. The requisite microorganisms were enriched and the degradation pathway for p-cresol under the latter conditions involved the anaerobic oxidation of the aryl methyl group. Tetrachloroethylene was also degraded by reductive dehalogenation but under both incubation conditions. The initial conversion of this substrate to trichloroethylene was generally faster under methanogenic conditions. However, the transformation pathway slowed when dichloroethylene was produced and only trace concentrations of vinyl chloride were detected. These results illustrate that pollutant compounds can be biodegraded under anoxic conditions and a knowledge of the predominant ecological conditions is essential for accurate predictions of the transport and fate of such materials in aquifers.
Multiple camera image acquisition models for multi-view 3d display interaction (2005)

Multi-view autostereoscopic (AS) displays are a recently developed technology that allows several viewers to see stereo 3D images without the use of glasses or goggles. Our system enables users to interact with real or virtual 3D displayed objects by means of a hand-held cursor or (in the future) through hand gestures. In this paper we mathematically derive two multicamera image acquisition models for multi-view AS displays. These models describe the relationship of object coordinates to camera, screen and image coordinates. We present some examples of virtual objects rendered using the models.
Synthesis of Aliphatic [<i>carbonyl</i>‐<sup>11</sup>C]Esters Using [<sup>11</sup>C]Carbon Monoxide (2005)

Abstract Aliphatic esters were labelled with a short‐lived radionuclide, 11 C with t ½ = 20.3 min, at the carbonyl position using [ 11 C]carbon monoxide via rapid (6 min) photoinduced radical‐mediated carbonylation reactions. The esters were prepared from primary, secondary, and tertiary alkyl iodides, and various alcohols, including tert ‐butyl alcohol and phenol. The use of strong bases was necessary to achieve good radiochemical yields in short reaction times. Isolated decay‐corrected radiochemical yields were in the range of 40–68 %. For example, methyl hydrogen dodecanoate was labelled at the ester carbonyl in 61 % isolated decay‐corrected radiochemical yield with a specific radioactivity of 158 GBq/μmol within approximately 25 min of the production of [ 11 C]carbon monoxide. Two ( 13 C)substituted esters were synthesised using this method to verify the labelling position. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2005)
A New Method for Dynamic Calculation of Pattern Allocation Factors in Waterflood Monitoring (2012)

Abstract Successful operation of a waterflood requires the ability to make informed decisions based on pattern voidage replacement ratio (VRR), watercut, and water production rate. These performance measures are calculated from actual performance data using predefined allocation factors. In a pattern, there are several producers, each contributing to the total pattern production. The percentage of total volume produced from each producer is called the allocation factor. Waterflood performance is commonly monitored and studied using static allocation factors. The monitoring workflow uses the injection and production data from a database, and pattern allocation factors are assigned to production wells as static values based on geometry of waterflood patterns. In fact, the pattern allocation factors are set as a fraction of the area of a circle exposed to that pattern; hence they are constant. The allocation factors will not represent the real physics involved if they are determined based merely on geometry of patterns. Some important parameters, such as water injection rates of patterns, have a major effect on allocation factors. Based on specific assumptions, we have developed equations to define a new allocation factor for production wells. The dynamic method proposed in this paper includes several parameters that affect patterns—including well radius, distance between wells, and injection rates—and leads to more realistic waterflood monitoring and more efficient decision making with no extra cost or time needed for data gathering or model development and simulation. The effect of using new allocation factors was studied on actual field data, and results verified the possible improvement in performance if dynamic allocation factors are used.
Whey Protein Isolate and α‐Lactalbumin Recovery from Lactic Acid Whey Using Cation‐Exchange Chromatography (2004)

ABSTRACT: The objective of this work was to develop a process to fractionate proteins from lactic acid whey, which is underused compared with sweet whey, using food‐grade buffers and cation‐exchange chromatography. Bound proteins were desorbed either all at once to make whey protein isolate (WPI), or in 2 steps to 1st make α‐lactalbumin (ALA) and then WPI depleted in ALA. Recovery and purity using lactic acid whey were comparable to previously reported processes using sweet whey. Capacity and throughput were slightly lower using lactic acid whey. This research provides a basis for adding value to the 6 million metric tons of lactic acid whey produced annually in the United States.
Processing of fluxing underfills for flip chip-on-laminate assembly (2003)

Fluxing underfill eliminates process steps in the assembly of flip chip-on-laminate (FCOL) when compared to conventional capillary flow underfill processing. In the fluxing underfill process, the underfill is dispensed onto the board prior to die placement. During placement, the underfill flows in a "squeeze flow" process until the solder balls contact the pads on the board. The material properties, the dispense pattern and resulting shape, solder mask design pattern, placement force, placement speed, and hold time all impact the placement process and the potential for void formation. A design of experiments was used to optimize the placement process to minimize placement-induced voids. The major factor identified was board design, followed by placement acceleration. During the reflow cycle, the fluxing underfill provides the fluxing action required for good wetting and then cures by the end of the reflow cycle. With small, homogeneous circuit boards it is relatively easy to develop a reflow profile to achieve good solder wetting. However, with complex SMT assemblies involving components with significant thermal mass this is more challenging.
Virtual screening, identification and experimental testing of novel inhibitors of PBEF1/Visfatin/NMPRTase for glioma therapy (2011)

Thus, a novel inhibitor has been identified through a structure based drug discovery approach and is further supported by experimental evidence.
Autonomous control of ventilation through closed-loop adaptive respiratory pacing (2020)

Mechanical ventilation is the standard treatment when volitional breathing is insufficient, but drawbacks include muscle atrophy, alveolar damage, and reduced mobility. Respiratory pacing is an alternative approach using electrical stimulation-induced diaphragm contraction to ventilate the lung. Oxygenation and acid-base homeostasis are maintained by matching ventilation to metabolic needs; however, current pacing technology requires manual tuning and does not respond to dynamic user-specific metabolic demand, thus requiring re-tuning of stimulation parameters as physiological changes occur. Here, we describe respiratory pacing using a closed-loop adaptive controller that can self-adjust in real-time to meet metabolic needs. The controller uses an adaptive Pattern Generator Pattern Shaper (PG/PS) architecture that autonomously generates a desired ventilatory pattern in response to dynamic changes in arterial CO<sub>2</sub> levels and, based on a learning algorithm, modulates stimulation intensity and respiratory cycle duration to evoke this ventilatory pattern. In vivo experiments in rats with respiratory depression and in those with a paralyzed hemidiaphragm confirmed that the controller can adapt and control ventilation to ameliorate hypoventilation and restore normocapnia regardless of the cause of respiratory dysfunction. This novel closed-loop bioelectronic controller advances the state-of-art in respiratory pacing by demonstrating the ability to automatically personalize stimulation patterns and adapt to achieve adequate ventilation.
THE DEVELOPMENT OF NEW BEARING MATERIALS (1986)

This paper is concerned with three types of bearing applications:
Secondary ion mass spectrometry—first microelectronics, now the rest of the world (1992)

Abstract Secondary ion mass spectrometry (SIMS) has achieved great success as a materials characterization tool because of its parts‐per‐million to parts‐per‐billion sensitivity and excellent depth resolution. SIMS is best known for applications in the semiconductor industry, but is increasingly used in many other fields. Despite this growth, three myths persist regarding SIMS: the technique is not quantitative, insulators are difficult or impossible to analyze and good depth resolution cannot be obtained for metals. Recent work by several groups should dispell these misconceptions. Quantification with a reproducibility and accuracy of 10–20% is commonplace with ion implantation calibration methods. Patterns for secondary ion yields of the elements when plotted against ionization potential and electron affinity have been identified in a number of semiconductor and metal matrices. The pattern similarities allow sensitivity factors to be estimated for elements for which an implanted calibration is not available. The Lawrence Livermore project of selected elements into 200 matrices is expected to extend this concept to oxides, minerals, alloys, ceramics and fluorides. The analysis of insulators has been made routine by the use of an electron beam for charge neutralization and an understanding of the placement of the electron beam and the electron to ion current density ratio required. The glass industry provides many applications for this capability. Metals and other polycrystalline materials can be sputtered evenly if the sample is rotated during ion bombardment. This rotation method has been used for matrix‐level species in Auger analysis, and has now been shown to be viable in SIMS at the parts per million level.
The alkylated thiohydantoin method for C-terminal sequence analysis (2000)

The alkylated-thiohydantoin method for C-terminal sequencing makes a significant improvement to the thiohydantoin method first described by Schlack and Kumpf. Prior to cleavage from the protein, the C-terminal thiohydantoin is alkylated, making it a better leaving group than the unmodified thiohydantoin. The C-terminal alkylated-thiohydantoin can be cleaved from the protein under conditions that simultaneously form the next thiohydantoin. Combining cleavage and thiohydantoin formation in one step eliminates the need for activating the C-terminal carboxyl group before every sequencing cycle and prevents detection of C-termini formed by random cleavage of peptide bonds in the protein during the sequencing chemistry. The alkylated-thiohydantoin method includes the presequencing modification of cysteine and lysine and the automated modification of aspartic and glutamic acids, serine and threonine. Modifying the reactive side-chain groups improves the ability to sequence through and detect these amino acids. The alkylated-thiohydantoin method can sequence through and detect 19 of the 20 genetically coded amino acids. Sequencing stops at proline residues.
Effect of asphaltene- and preasphaltene-rich solvents upon coal liquefaction. Internal R and D final report (1983)

This report summarizes R and D work (Programs 12.1.4 and 12.1.12) performed by International Coal Refining Co. to address the design option of recycling solvent-refined coal (SRC) to the coal-slurry feed stream in the SRC-I Demonstration Plant. The major objective was to determine if solvent yield could be increased by recycling SRC, to prevent the plant from inadvertent solvent imbalance. The effect of SRC recycle on reactor yields was evaluated over a range of process conditions, using Kentucky No. 9 coals in a variety of SRC-enriched process solvents. Both light and heavy SRCs, produced from the Kerr-McGee critical solvent deashing unit at the Wilsonville Advanced Coal Liquefaction Facility, were recycled. Advantages and disadvantages of including the recycle process in the plant design are discussed in comparison with the baseline design. 12 references, 34 figures, 45 tables.
Forming "dynamic" membranes on stainless steel (1979)

Dynamic zirconium polyacrylic membrane is formed directly on stainless steel substrate without excessive corrosion of steel. Membrane is potentially useful in removal of contaminated chemicals from solution through reversed osmosis. Application includes use in filtration and desalination equipment, and in textile industry for separation of dyes from aqueous solvents.
Local blur analysis and phase error correction method for fringe projection profilometry systems (2018)

We introduce a flexible error correction method for fringe projection profilometry (FPP) systems in the presence of local blur phenomenon. Local blur caused by global light transport such as camera defocus, projector defocus, and subsurface scattering will cause significant systematic errors in FPP systems. Previous methods, which adopt high-frequency patterns to separate the direct and global components, fail when the global light phenomenon occurs locally. In this paper, the influence of local blur on phase quality is thoroughly analyzed, and a concise error correction method is proposed to compensate the phase errors. For defocus phenomenon, this method can be directly applied. With the aid of spatially varying point spread functions and local frontal plane assumption, experiments show that the proposed method can effectively alleviate the system errors and improve the final reconstruction accuracy in various scenes. For a subsurface scattering scenario, if the translucent object is dominated by multiple scattering, the proposed method can also be applied to correct systematic errors once the bidirectional scattering-surface reflectance distribution function of the object material is measured.
Electroluminescence in n‐ZnO Nanorod Arrays Vertically Grown on p‐GaN (2004)

Electroluminescent (EL) devices (see Figure) have been fabricated using n‐ZnO nanorod arrays grown on p‐GaN epilayers. Simple heteroepitaxial growth yields vertically aligned ZnO nanorods with an abrupt interface on GaN. The p–n heterojunction EL device shows a high current density and strong electroluminescence even at a reverse‐bias voltage of 3 V.