gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Gas-Lift Optimization with Choke Control using a Mixed-Integer Nonlinear Formulation (2011)

This paper presents an extension to the iterative offline−online procedure proposed by Rashid4 to efficiently optimize gas-lifted production networks. In particular, this work extends the original scheme to additionally include a single subsurface choke in each of the production wells. Hence, a revised offline formulation is presented that encompasses dual control in each well, comprising both lift-gas injection and a choke setting. As the latter can be discrete (on/off), have fixed positions or be treated as continuous, a mixed-integer nonlinear program (MINLP) results, necessitating the use of a suitable MINLP solver. The open source Bonmin solver is utilized for this purpose. Moreover, as chokes enable better field pressure and constraint management, in addition to well activation and closure, a broader spectrum of production optimization scenarios can be tackled. Significantly, the paper demonstrates that not only does the offline−online methodology enable the application of a MINLP solver, but the results are obtained in an extremely efficient manner, as per the initial development. Results from a 26-well production network are presented, with and without the imposition of additional operating constraints.
Ultraviolet photosulfidation of III-V compound semiconductors: A new approach to surface passivation (1994)

A new passivation technique for III-V compound semiconductors based on ultraviolet photolysis of elemental sulfur vapor has been developed. Photosulfidation produces a greater increase in the photoluminescence intensity from GaAs samples than that produced by conventional (NH4)2S dip treatments and is more photostable than the conventional wet process. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy of the photosulfided GaAs surfaces indicate formation of a surface sulfide rather than the disulfide characteristic of the (NH4)2S process.
A new 3-D volume processing method for polyp detection (2005)

Early diagnosis and removal of colonic polyps is effective in the elimination of subsequent carcinoma. This paper presents a new approach for computer-aided detection of polyps. The approach mimics the way the radiologists view CT abdomen images and utilizes several geometric attributes obtained from many triples of mutually orthogonal planes. The histogram of the attributes obtained from a sufficiently large number of perpendicular random images serves as a robust signature to represent the shape. We combine the new 3-D pattern recognition with a support vector machine classifier, and show that the number or the false positive detections in the initial polyp detection studies can be substantially reduced. One of the main contributions of this study is the thorough analysis of planar geometrical attributes. When an appropriate combination of planar attributes is used, the false positive rate is reduced by 87 percent beyond that of the initial stage detector, while maintaining a sensitivity level of 95 percent. Using such methods, radiologists should be able to view CTC data much more efficiently and accurately than without CAD.
Development of a Coherent Doppler Lidar for Precision Maneuvering and Landing of Space Vehicles (2018)

A coherent Doppler lidar has been developed to address NASA’s need for a high-performance, compact, and cost-effective velocity and altitude sensor onboard its landing vehicles. Future robotic and manned missions to planetary bodies require precise ground-relative velocity vector and altitude data to execute complex descent maneuvers and safe, soft landing at a pre-designated site. This lidar sensor, referred to as a Navigation Doppler Lidar, meets the required performance of landing missions while complying with vehicle size, mass, and power constraints. Operating from over five kilometers altitude, the lidar obtains velocity and range precision measurements with 2 cm/sec and 2 meters, respectively, dominated by the vehicle motion. After a series of flight tests onboard helicopters and rocket-powered free-flyer vehicles, the Navigation Doppler Lidar is now being ruggedized for future missions to various destinations in the solar system.
Modified pressure system for imaging egg cracks (2008)

One aspect of grading table eggs is shell checks or cracks. Currently, USDA voluntary regulations require that humans grade a representative sample of all eggs processed. However, as processing plants and packing facilities continue to increase their volume and throughput, human graders are having difficulty matching the pace of the machines. Additionally, some plants also have a problem with micro-cracks that the graders often miss because they are very small and hard to see immediately post-processing but grow and become readily apparent before they reach market. An imaging system was developed to help the grader detect these small micro-cracks. The imaging system utilized one image captured at atmospheric pressure and a second at a slight negative pressure to enhance the crack and make detection much easier. A simple image processing algorithm was then applied to the ratio of these two images and the resulting image, containing both cracked and/or intact eggs were color-coded to simplify identification. The imaging system was capable of imaging 15 eggs in about 3/4 second and the algorithm processing took about another 10 seconds. These times could easily be reduced with a dedicated, multi-threaded computer program. In analyzing 1000 eggs, the system was 99.6% accurate overall with only 0.3% false positives compared to 94.2% accurate overall for the human graders with 1.2% false positives. An international patent on the system was filed and further automation of the system is needed.
Synthesis and dual D<sub>2</sub>and 5-HT<sub>1A</sub>receptor binding affinities of 5-piperidinyl and 5-piperazinyl-1<i>H</i>-benzo[d]imidazol-2(3<i>H</i>)-ones (2013)

A series of new 5-piperidinyl and 5-piperazinyl-1H-benzo[d]imidazol-2(3H)-ones have been synthesized and evaluated for dual D2 and 5-HT1A receptor binding affinities. The synthesized ligands are structurally related to bifeprunox, a potential atypical antipsychotic, having potent D2 receptor antagonist and 5-HT1A receptor agonist properties. The Suzuki-Miyaura reaction of cyclic vinyl boronate with appropriate aryl halide yielded arylpiperidine, which was eventually transformed to piperidinyl-1H-benzo[d]imidazol-2(3H)-one. The reductive amination of the latter with appropriate biarylaldehdyes rendered the synthesis of 5-piperidinyl-1H-benzo[d]imidazol-2(3H)-ones. Likewise, the Buchwald-Hartwig coupling reactions of 1-boc-piperazine with appropriate aryl halide and subsequent removal of the boc group rendered arylpiperazine. The reductive amination of the latter with appropriate biarylaldehdyes accomplished the synthesis of 5-piperazinyl-1H-benzo[d]imidazol-2(3H)-ones. The structure-activity relationship studies showed that cyclopentenylpyridine and cyclopentenylbenzyl groups contribute significantly to the dual D2 and 5-HT1A receptor binding affinities of these compounds.
Neutral injection for radioactive ion beams and accelerator mass spectrometry (1999)

Neutral Injection was first used forty years ago for the acceleration of He ions by tandem accelerators, before the advent of the negative He ion source. Later, almost universal sputter-negative-ion sources were developed and the use of neutral injection fell into disuse for nuclear physics with tandem accelerators. With the advent of Accelerator Mass Spectrometry (AMS) in 1977 the idea of neutral injection was revived briefly. Now that AMS has matured and Radioactive Ion Beam (RIB) acceleration is being undertaken for nuclear physics, we propose the revival of a modern form of Neutral Injection. The use of resonant electron transfer for neutralization is discussed, as is the scattering degradation of the ion beam during neutralization and re-ionization. We show that the process is suitable for some types of AMS and the acceleration for RIB of positive ions, that form negative ions with difficulty, to a few MeV.
Design of Nonfullerene Acceptors with Near‐Infrared Light Absorption Capabilities (2018)

Abstract A series of narrow bandgap electron acceptors is designed and synthesized for efficient near‐infrared (NIR) organic solar cells. Extending π‐conjugation of donor frameworks leads to an intense intramolecular charge transfer, resulting in broad absorption profiles with band edge reaching 950 nm. When blended with an electron donor polymer PTB7‐Th, IOTIC‐2F exhibits efficient charge transfer even with a small energetic offset, so as to achieve a large photogenerated current over 22 mA cm −2 with small energy losses (≈0.49 eV) in solar cell devices. With an intense NIR absorbance, PTB7‐Th:IOTIC‐2F‐based cells achieve a power conversion efficiency of 12.1% with good visible transparency (52% transmittance from 370 to 740 nm). Analysis of film morphology reveals that processing with solvent additives enhances crystalline features of acceptor components, while keeping an appropriate level of donor:acceptor intermixing in the binary blends. The incorporation of the third component, ITIC‐2F, into the PTB7‐Th:IOTIC‐2F blends increases the device efficiency up to 12.9%. The improvement is assigned to the cascaded energy‐level structure and desirable nanoscale phase separation of the ternary blends, which is beneficial to the photocurrent generation. This work provides an efficient molecular design strategy to optimize nonfullerene acceptor properties for efficient NIR organic photovoltaics.
Laser Capture Microdissection of Single Cells from Complex Tissues (1999)

Laser capture microdissection (LCM) is a new method used to select and procure cell clusters from tissue sections. Once captured, the DNA, RNA or protein can be easily extracted from the isolated cells and analyzed by conventional PCR, reverse transcription (RT)-PCR or polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, including protein zymography for specific macromolecular changes. In LCM, a thermoplastic polymer coating [ethylene vinyl acetate (EVA)] attached to a rigid support is placed in contact with a tissue section. The EVA polymer over microscopically selected cell clusters is precisely activated by a near-infrared laser pulse and then bonds to the targeted area. Removal of the EVA and its support from the tissue section procures the selected cell aggregates for molecular analysis. This initial NIH LCM approach using a flat transfer EVA film has been recently commercialized and has proven to be an effective routine microdissection technique for subsequent macromolecular analysis in many laboratories around the world. However, reliable and precise capture of individual cells from tissue sections has been difficult to perform with the current LCM instruments. In this report, we describe the capture of individual cells with a new NIH LCM microscope, which epi-irradiates the EVA polymer overlying individual cells with 1-ms laser pulses focused to 6 microns. A computer-controlled arm precisely positions a 40-micron-wide strip of a cylindrical EVA surface onto a sample with a light contact force (ca. 0.1 g). The small contact force and contact area on the film on the sample diminishes nonspecific transfer to negligible levels. By slightly rotating the cylinder to provide a renewable transfer surface, concentration of a distinct cell type on a single cylinder is possible. Using this novel adaptation, we demonstrate the rapid and practical capture of single cells from different types of tissue sections, including immunostained cells.
Visualization of 3D volumetric lung dynamics for real-time external beam lung radiotherapy. (2011)

This paper reports on the usage of physics-based 3D volumetric lung dynamic models for visualizing and monitoring the radiation dose deposited on the lung of a human subject during lung radiotherapy. The dynamic model of each subject is computed from a 4D Computed Tomography (4DCT) imaging acquired before the treatment. The 3D lung deformation and the radiation dose deposited are computed using Graphics Processing Units (GPU). Additionally, using the dynamic lung model, the airflow inside the lungs during the treatment is also investigated. Results show the radiation dose deposited on the lung tumor as well as the surrounding tissues, the combination of which is patient-specific and varies from one treatment fraction to another.
Consensus only control in DC microgrids (2018)

Voltage droop control for DC microgrids has limited power/current sharing capabilities. Although droop complemented with a consensus control loop can achieve desired power/current sharing, the resulting voltage deviation may need correction. We propose a consensus only control that achieves proportional current sharing and simultaneously avoids large voltage deviations. The proposed technique is evaluated against several others using a constant impedance network model. The impacts of communication delays and power-sharing performances are also briefly discussed.
Stability Control for Wind in Weak Grids (2018)

4 Hz oscillations and 30 Hz oscillations have been observed in real-world wind farms with weak grid interconnections. Such stability issues limit wind power delivery. This paper proposes mechanism-based feedback control strategies suitable for vector control based voltage source converters employed in Type-3 and Type-4 wind to enhance the overall system stability. Using a simplified linear model, we first demonstrate that the root cause of weak grid stability issue is due to the coupling of power delivery and voltage at the point of common coupling (PCC). Increasing power delivery leads to a reduction in the PCC voltage. This relationship establishes a mechanism that may lead to instability in weak grid scenarios. The proposed control strategies reduce the coupling between power and voltage. Two feedback control strategies are introduced to modulate the power order or dc-link voltage order with either the d-axis current or the PCC voltage as the input signal. The control strategies are tested on analytical models and MATLAB/SimPowerSystems testbeds of Type-3 wind and Type-4 wind. The PCC voltage feedback control demonstrates excellent capability of stability enhancement. With the proposed control, power delivery of wind can be significantly improved.
Flow Through, Immunomagnetic Cell Separation (1998)

A brief, process-oriented overview of immunologically based cell separation technology is presented. In addition, the design and preliminary experimental data of two unique flow-through immunomagnetic cell separation devices are presented. The first design is based on a dipole magnetic field, while the second design is basis on a quadrupole magnetic field. The dipole design can "fractionate" an inlet, magnetically labeled, cell stream into different outlet streams on the basis of the degree to which the cell is immunomagnetically labeled. The quadrupole separator splits an inlet, immunomagnetically labeled, cell stream into two outlet streams in which the purity, recovery, and potentially the degree to which the cells are immunomagnetically labeled is controlled by the flow rates in the inlet and outlet flows. A 99% purity and 86% recovery have been achieved with this system. Some distinct advantages of these two systems are the potential of high purity, recovery, and throughput at a cost which is potentially significantly lower than current, comparable technologies.
Obtaining Complete Answers from Incomplete Databases (1996)

We consider the problem of answering queries from databases that may be incomplete. A database is incomplete if some tuples may be missing from some relations, and only a part of each relation is known to be complete. This problem arises in several contexts. For example, systems that provide access to multiple heterogeneous information sources often encounter incomplete sources. The question we address is to determine whether the answer to a specific given query is complete even when the database is incomplete. We present a novel sound and complete algorithm for the answer-completeness problem by relating it to the problem of independence of queries from updates. We also show an important case of the independence problem (and therefore of the answer-completeness problem) that can be decided in polynomial time, whereas the best known algorithm for this case is exponential. This case involves updates that are described using a conjunction of comparison predicates. We also describe an alg...
Split of phase shifts in phase mask for proximity side-writing fiber Bragg gratings (2005)

A phase shift in phase mask is split into two half-magnitude phase-shifts in near field, resulting in FBG spectral asymmetry. The errors are removed using new pre-compensating phase mask for binary-phase Dammann sampled multi-channel FBGs.
Lens Antenna Subarrays in mmWave Hybrid MIMO Systems (2020)

Data rate and energy efficiency performance of mmWave wireless communication systems consisting of a new lens antenna subarray (LAS) based hybrid multiple input multiple output (MIMO) architecture is investigated. The LAS architecture degenerates into traditional hybrid MIMO architecture (TA) or single lens antenna array architecture (SLA) when the lens diameter of the subarray is reduced or enlarged, respectively. It is shown that under mmWave channel scattering conditions, LAS architecture operates with a data rate approaching that of TA while significantly exceeding the data rate of the SLA. Due to the reduced hardware complexity and power consumption, LAS architectures operate with a significantly improved energy efficiency. In an example system consisting of 64 and 16 transmitter and receiver antennas with 2 RF chains, it is shown that the LAS architecture operates with 2× energy efficiency and 98% spectrum efficiency. In a larger hybrid MIMO antenna systems, LAS architecture is expected to benefit even more.
Analysis of in-network caching for ICN (2016)

Information Centric Networking (ICN) is one of the proposed alternative paradigms to improve traditional network performance. In ICN architecture, caching is used to enhance the efficiency of the content distribution. The major challenge for designing caching in ICN architecture is determining how a content is cached, including both the content placement policy and the replacement policy. There are many in-network caching mechanisms for ICN. In this paper, we study the performance of various content placement policies in combination with multiple content replacement policies. We evaluate these policies on different performance metrics for different network traffic patterns. These results will be helpful in designing caching mechanisms for the ICN architecture.
NMR-spectroscopic screening of spider venom reveals sulfated nucleosides as major components for the brown recluse and related species (2008)

Extensive chemical analyses of spider venoms from many species have revealed complex mixtures of biologically active compounds, of which several have provided important leads for drug development. We have recently shown that NMR spectroscopy can be used advantageously for a direct structural characterization of the small-molecule content of such complex mixtures. Here, we report the application of this strategy to a larger-scale analysis of a collection of spider venoms representing >70 species, which, in combination with mass spectrometric analyses, allowed the identification of a wide range of known, and several previously undescribed, small molecules. These include polyamines, common neurotransmitters, and amino acid derivatives as well as two additional members of a recently discovered family of natural products, the sulfated nucleosides. In the case of the well studied brown recluse spider, Loxosceles reclusa, sulfated guanosine derivatives were found to comprise the major small-molecule components of the venom.
29.2: Switchable Transmissive and Reflective LCD for Mobile Displays (2009)

Abstract A wide‐view switchable transmissive and reflective (STAR) liquid crystal display (LCD) in response to different ambient light conditions is proposed. This STAR LCD adopts a single cell gap multi‐domain vertical alignment (MVA) cell that exhibits high transmittance (T) and high reflectance (R), and a good match between the VT and VR curves.
Artificial neural network application for magnetic core width prediction and modelling (2012)

Increased demands for higher storage capacity solution have driven the Hard Disk Drive (HDD) technological boundaries. As the Perpendicular Magnetic Recording (PMR) head shows promising increase in Areal Density away from the limit of Longitudinal Magnetic Recording, HDD companies have switch to 100% PMR drives. PMR heads requires tight physical specifications fabricating its Writer Element in order control the magnetic flux footprint of the writer on the disk. This magnetic footprint is also called the MCW (Magnetic Core Width). MCW variations in PMR head results to significant yield loss in DET (Dynamic Electrical Test). In addition to that, continuous tweaking in Wafer and Slider Fab process to improve yield contributes to changes in MCW performance during DET. A new method that will learn and predict the MCW model accurately is thus necessary to successfully control MCW variation. An Artificial Neural Network Multilayer Perceptron architecture was developed and used to derive the MCW model from Wafer & Slider process parameters. The Artificial Neural Network model was compared with conventional Multiple Linear Regression (MLR) method and has shown that ANN gives better accuracy in predicting the final MCW than MLR by 30%.
Quantifying trade-offs in resource allocation for VPNs (2004)

Virtual Private Networks (VPNs) feature notable characteristics in structure and traffic patterns that allow for efficient resource allocation. A strategy that exploits the underlying characteristics of a VPN can result in significant capacity savings to the service provider.There are a number of admission control and bandwidth provisioning strategies to choose from. We examine trade-offs in design choices in the context of distinctive characteristics of VPNs. We examine the value of signaling-based mechanisms, traffic matrix information and structural characteristics of VPNs in the way they impact resource utilization and service quality. We arrive at important conclusions which could have an impact on the way VPNs are architected. We show that the structure of VPNs profoundly influences achievable resource utilization gains with various admission control and provisioning schemes.