gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Synthesis and Pharmacological Characterization of <i>C</i>4-(Thiotriazolyl)-substituted-2-aminobicyclo[3.1.0]hexane-2,6-dicarboxylates. Identification of (1<i>R</i>,2<i>S</i>,4<i>R</i>,5<i>R</i>,6<i>R</i>)-2-Amino-4-(1<i>H</i>-1,2,4-triazol-3-ylsulfanyl)bicyclo[3.1.0]hexane-2,6-dicarboxylic Acid (LY2812223), a Highly Potent, Functionally Selective mGlu<sub>2</sub> Receptor Agonist (2015)

Identification of orthosteric mGlu(2/3) receptor agonists capable of discriminating between individual mGlu2 and mGlu3 subtypes has been highly challenging owing to the glutamate-site sequence homology between these proteins. Herein we detail the preparation and characterization of a series of molecules related to (1S,2S,5R,6S)-2-aminobicyclo[3.1.0]hexane-2,6-dicarboxylate 1 (LY354740) bearing C4-thiotriazole substituents. On the basis of second messenger responses in cells expressing other recombinant human mGlu2/3 subtypes, a number of high potency and efficacy mGlu2 receptor agonists exhibiting low potency mGlu3 partial agonist/antagonist activity were identified. From this, (1R,2S,4R,5R,6R)-2-amino-4-(1H-1,2,4-triazol-3-ylsulfanyl)bicyclo[3.1.0]hexane-2,6-dicarboxylic acid 14a (LY2812223) was further characterized. Cocrystallization of 14a with the amino terminal domains of hmGlu2 and hmGlu3 combined with site-directed mutation studies has clarified the underlying molecular basis of this unique pharmacology. Evaluation of 14a in a rat model responsive to mGlu2 receptor activation coupled with a measure of central drug disposition provides evidence that this molecule engages and activates central mGlu2 receptors in vivo.
Low-complexity colour-space for capsule endoscopy image compression (2011)

A novel and low-complexity colour-space for the compression of wireless capsule endoscopy (WCE) images is presented. The colour-space is developed by analysing the unique features of endoscopic images. Compared with existing standard colour-spaces, the proposed colour-space shows better performance for WCE image compression.
Underlying principles in chrome tanning: Part 2. Underlying mechanism in pickle-less tanning (2004)

The do-undo methods adopted in conventional leather processing generate huge amounts of pollutants. In this context, pickle-basification-free chrome tanning is becoming crucial to the tanners due to environmental problems. In this investigation, an attempt has been made to develop an economically viable pickle-basification-free chrome tanning using commercial basic chromium sulfate at pH 5.0 without sodium chloride. Through mechanistic pathway studies, it has been demonstrated that the characteristics of chromium species vary during the course of tanning. However, at the completion of tanning the composition of the species seems to be similar, although the pickle-basification-free chrome tanning involves simultaneous penetration and fixation as compared to conventional pickle-chrome tanning with penetration followed by fixation. The uptake of chromium in the pickle-free tanning is found to be about 90% as compared to conventional level of 70%. The penetration and distribution of chromium has been found to be comparable with conventional leathers through SEM, EDAX and stratigraphic chromium analysis. There is no surface deposition of chromium in the leathers obtained using pickle-free chrome tanning systems, which has been corroborated through plausible mechanism. Quality of the leathers is shown to be on par with conventional leathers. The process not only economically attractive but also enjoys reduction in total solids and chloride loads by 80 and 96%, respectively from the identified streams.
Instrumental aspects of capillary supercritical fluid chromatography (1982)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTInstrumental aspects of capillary supercritical fluid chromatographyPaul A. Peaden, John C. Fjeldsted, Milton L. Lee, Stephen R. Springston, and Milos. NovotnyCite this: Anal. Chem. 1982, 54, 7, 1090–1093Publication Date (Print):June 1, 1982Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 June 1982https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ac00244a017https://doi.org/10.1021/ac00244a017research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views170Altmetric-Citations99LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Declarative workflows that support easy modification and dynamic browsing (1999)

A new programming paradigm named "Vortex" is introduced for specifying a wide range of decision-making activities including, in particular, workflows. In Vortex workflows are specified declaratively. A particular emphasis is on "object-focused" workflows, i.e., workflows focused on how individual input objects should be processed within an organization. Such workflows arise commonly in practice, including insurance claims processing, and many electronic commerce applications, and in the area of Customer Care, e.g., web-based storefronts. Vortex workflows are "attribute-centric", because they are centered around how the attribute values for an input object are gathered and computed. Initially, only a few attributes of an input object have assigned values. During processing of the object, additional attribute values may be assigned by external modules, or by internal modules, including "decision modules". Decision modules include "attribute rules" that specify contributions to specific attribute values; these are combined with one of a broad family of available semantics. In Vortex, enabling conditions are used to determine what attributes should be evaluated. A novel choice-based execution model provides a general framework for optimization strategies. The use of enabling conditions, attribute rules and declarative semantics makes Vortex workflows easier to modify and refine than traditional, procedurally specified workflows. Vortex supports modularity and permits the natural intermixing of Vortex workflows with traditional, procedural workflows. The paper introduces a novel spreadsheet-like interface for dynamic browsing of Vortex executions.
Evaluation of the Efficacy of an Attenuated Live Vaccine against Highly Pathogenic Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrome Virus in Young Pigs (2012)

Highly pathogenic porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (HP-PRRSV) is characterized by high fever and high mortality in pigs of all ages and has severely affected the pork industry of China in the last few years. An attenuated HP-PRRSV strain, TJM, was obtained by passaging HP-PRRSV strain TJ on MARC-145 cells for 92 passages. Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV)- and antibody-free pigs were inoculated intramuscularly with TJM (10(5.0) 50% tissue culture infective doses [TCID(50)]) and challenged at 28, 60, 120, and 180 days postimmunization (dpi). The results showed that 5/5, 5/5, 5/5, and 4/5 immunized pigs were protected from the lethal challenge and did not develop fever and clinical diseases at each challenge, respectively. Compared to control pigs, vaccinated pigs showed much milder pathological lesions and gained significantly more weight (P < 0.01). Sequence analysis of different passages of strain TJ showed that the attenuation resulted in a deletion of a continuous 120 amino acids (aa), in addition to the discontinuous 30-aa deletion in the nsp2 region. The analysis also demonstrated that the 120-aa deletion was genetically stable in vivo. These results suggested that HP-PRRSV TJM was efficacious against a lethal challenge with a virulent HP-PRRSV strain, and effective protection could last at least 4 months. Therefore, strain TJM is a good candidate for an efficacious modified live virus vaccine as well as a useful molecular marker vaccine against HP-PRRSV.
Characterization and Electrochemical Responsiveness of Boron-Doped Nanocrystalline Diamond Thin-Film Electrodes (2003)

The deposition, characterization, and electrochemical responsiveness of boron-doped nanocrystalline diamond thin-film electrodes is reported. The films consist of clusters of diamond grains, ∼50−100 nm in diameter, and possess an rms surface roughness of 34 nm over a 5 × 5 μm2 area. The individual and randomly ordered diamond grains are approximately 10−15 nm in diameter, as evidenced by TEM. The ∼4-μm-thick films were deposited by microwave-assisted chemical vapor deposition (CVD) using a CH4/H2/Ar source gas mixture (1%/5%/95%). Under these conditions, C2, rather than CH3•, appears to be the dominant nucleation and growth precursor. The nanocrystallinity is a result of a growth and nucleation mechanism discovered by Gruen, which involves the insertion of C2 carbon dimer into C−H bonds on the growth surface (MRS Bull. 1998, 23, 32). The nanocrystalline morphology results from a high renucleation rate. However, unlike previously reported nanocrystalline diamond thin films that have electrical properties dominated by the high fraction of π-bonded carbon atoms in the grain boundaries, the present films are doped with boron, either using B2H6 or a solid-state boron diffusion source, and the electrical properties appear to be dominated by the charge carriers in the diamond. The films were characterized by scanning-electron microscopy, atomic-force microscopy, transmission-electron microscopy, visible-Raman spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, boron-nuclear-reaction analysis, and cyclic voltammetry, using Fe(CN)63-/4-, Ru(NH3)63+/2+, IrCl62-/3-, methyl viologen, Fe3+/2+, and 4-tert-butylcatechol. Analytical application of this advanced carbon electrode material for the detection of trace metal ions is discussed.
Aldosterone antagonists. 2. New 7.alpha.-(acetylthio)-15,16-methylene spirolactones (1987)

Some 15,16-methylene derivatives of the aldosterone antagonist spironolactone were synthesized with the purpose of increasing the antialdosterone potency and reducing the endocrinological effects of this standard compound. By introduction of a 1,2-double bond and a 15 beta,16 beta-methylene ring in the spironolactone molecule both goals were achieved. In animal studies mespirenone exhibited a threefold-greater antialdosterone potency and less than 10% of the antiandrogenic activity of spironolactone.
Anti-phase reflection coating maximizing the directionality of grating couplers (2016)

We present numerical demonstrations that anti-phase reflection coatings (APRCs) on the core layers of grating couplers (GCs) return anti-phase field into the core layers and cancel the downward scattering from the gratings by destructive interference to improve the upward directionality of the GCs while the output power per unit length is reduced. Investigating simplified models of GC, we reveal the effect of APRCs semi-analytically and quantitatively. The APRCs can be combined with other enhancement measures, like deep gratings and backside mirrors, to tailor an appropriate output power per unit length while achieving high upward directionalities cooperatively.
Iterative ICI estimation and cancellation for mobile OFDM systems (2010)

We propose an iterative Inter-Carrier Interference (ICI) estimation and cancellation technique for OFDM systems based on simultaneously estimating entries of each off-diagonal vector of the channel frequency response matrix (CFRM) of a double-selective fading channel. We show by theoretical analysis that the ICI gains in each off-diagonal vector of the CFRM share the same statistical characteristics as the channel gains. As a result, any existing frequency-domain channel estimation techniques could be used to estimate the ICI gain vectors. Furthermore, we explicitly derived linear scaling relationship between different ICI gain vectors, assuming linear subchannel Channel Impulse Response (CIR), which greatly reduces the complexity without any loss of performance even for very fast fading channels.
Multicore fiber 4 TX &#x002B; 4 RX optical transceiver based on holey SiGe IC (2014)

A novel optical transceiver with 4 transmitter plus 4 receiver channels designed for coupling to multicore multimode fiber has been fabricated and characterized. The transceiver is based on the holey Optochip concept where 4-channel VCSEL and photodiode arrays are flip-chip attached to a single-chip SiGe IC using AuSn solder. Optical vias (holes) are fabricated into the SiGe IC to enable optical access to the conventional topside emitting 850-nm optoelectronic arrays. The optoelectronic arrays are arranged in a quad-VCSEL and quad-photodiode configuration where the 4 devices are on a 2 × 2 array on a dense 50-μm pitch. The transceiver module is completed by flip-chip soldering the Optochip onto a 8 mm × 8 mm high-speed high-density organic carrier. Optical access through the backside of the IC is provided through 2 optical vias. Electrical I/O is supplied through BGA pads on 0.8 mm pitch at the bottom of the module. High-speed characterization was carried out between 2 modules soldered to test cards, a transmitter (TX) and a receiver (RX) module. Each of the 4 optical outputs from the TX Optochip was coupled into a MMF and directed to individual photodiodes in the RX module. Eye-diagrams were measured for TX outputs as well as TX-to-RX links at data rates 20 Gb/s to 42 Gb/s. The 4 optical links operate error free up to 40 Gb/s, achieving a record data rate for multimode parallel optical transceivers.
Treatment for chemotherapy‐induced alopecia in mice using parathyroid hormone agonists and antagonists linked to a collagen binding domain (2011)

Parathyroid hormone (PTH) agonists and antagonists have been shown to improve hair growth after chemotherapy; however, rapid clearance and systemic side-effects complicate their usage. To facilitate delivery and retention to skin, we fused PTH agonists and antagonists to the collagen binding domain (CBD) of Clostridium histolyticum collagenase. in-vitro studies showed that the agonist fusion protein, PTH-CBD, bound collagen and activated the PTH/parathyroid hormone-related peptide receptor in SaOS-2 cells. The antagonist fusion proteins, PTH(7-33)-CBD and PTH([-1]-33)-CBD, also bound collagen and antagonized PTH(1-34) effect in SaOS-2 cells; however, PTH(7-33)-CBD had lower intrinsic activity. Distribution studies confirmed uptake of PTH-CBD to the skin at 1 and 12 hr after subcutaneous injection. We assessed in vivo efficacy of PTH-CBD and PTH(7-33)-CBD in C57BL/6J mice. Animals were depilated to synchronize the hair follicles; treated on Day 7 with agonist, antagonist, or vehicle; treated on Day 9 with cyclophosphamide (150 mg/kg i.p.) or vehicle; and sacrificed on Day 39. Normal mice (no chemo and no treatment) showed rapid regrowth of hair and normal histology. Chemo+Vehicle mice showed reduced hair regrowth and decreased pigmentation; histology revealed reduced number and dystrophic anagen/catagen follicles. Chemo+Antagonist mice were grossly and histologically indistinguishable from Chemo+Vehicle mice. Chemo+Agonist mice showed more rapid regrowth and repigmentation of hair; histologically, there was a normal number of hair follicles, most of which were in the anagen phase. Overall, the agonist PTH-CBD had prominent effects in reducing chemotherapy-induced damage of hair follicles and may show promise as a therapy for chemotherapy-induced alopecia.
Conjugated Polyelectrolyte Capsules: Light-Activated Antimicrobial Micro “Roach Motels” (2008)

Microcapsules consisting of alternating layers of oppositely charged poly(phenylene ethynylene)-type conjugated polyelectrolytes (CPEs) were prepared via layer-by-layer deposition onto MnCO3 template particles followed by dissolution of the template particles using an ethylenediaminetetraacetate solution. The resulting microcapsules exhibit bright-green fluorescence emission characteristics of the CPEs. Strong antimicrobial activity was observed upon mixing of polyelectrolyte capsules with Cobetia marina or Pseudomonas aeruginosa followed by white-light irradiation. It was demonstrated that the materials act as highly effective light-activated micro "Roach Motels" with greater than 95% kill after exposure to approximately 1 h of white light.
Fast group matching for MR fingerprinting reconstruction (2014)

The proposed GRM method is a highly efficient model reduction technique for MRF matching and should enable clinically relevant reconstruction accuracy and time on standard vendor computational resources.
Bandwidth enhancement and broadband noise reduction in injection-locked semiconductor lasers (1995)

Injection locking of a semiconductor laser can significantly improve the broadband modulation characteristics. By adjusting the frequency offset between the master laser and the slave laser, improved modulation bandwidth or flatness of the modulation response can be emphasized. The improved modulation characteristics are accompanied by reduced broadband relative intensity noise. Our calculations predict that the parasitic-free modulation bandwidths can be enhanced above the theoretical limit for the free-running laser.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Disambiguation of sub-sampled photonic links by acousto-optic delay modulation (2017)

This paper demonstrates a non-uniform optical sampler based on the combination of a pulsed laser and an acousto-optic delay modulator. By using this to non-uniformly sub-sample a photonic link, signal frequencies well above the Nyquist frequency can be down-converted and unambiguously determined.
Nonlinear and quantum optics with whispering gallery resonators (2016)

Optical Whispering Gallery Modes (WGMs) derive their name from a famous acoustic phenomenon of guiding a wave by a curved boundary observed nearly a century ago. This phenomenon has a rather general nature, equally applicable to sound and all other waves. It enables resonators of unique properties attractive both in science and engineering. Very high quality factors of optical WGM resonators persisting in a wide wavelength range spanning from radio frequencies to ultraviolet light, their small mode volume, and tunable in- and out- coupling make them exceptionally efficient for nonlinear optical applications. Nonlinear optics facilitates interaction of photons with each other and with other physical systems, and is of prime importance in quantum optics. In this paper we review numerous applications of WGM resonators in nonlinear and quantum optics. We outline the current areas of interest, summarize progress, highlight difficulties, and discuss possible future development trends in these areas.
Tile-Based Viewport-Adaptive Panoramic Video Streaming on Smartphones (2018)

Flare is a practical system for streaming 360-degree videos on smartphones. It takes a viewport-adaptive approach, which fetches only portions of a panoramic scene that cover what a viewer is about to perceive. Flare consists of a novel framework for the end-to-end streaming pipeline, introduces innovative streaming algorithms, and brings numerous system-level optimizations. In our demo, we will show that Flare substantially outperforms traditional viewport-agnostic streaming algorithms in terms of the video quality. We will also invite the audience to use Flare to watch attractive 360-degree videos.
Time-Encoded Values for Highly Efficient Stochastic Circuits (2017)

Stochastic computing (SC) is a promising technique for applications that require low area overhead and fault tolerance, but can tolerate relatively high latency. In the SC paradigm, logical computation is performed on randomized bit streams. In prior work, streams were generated with linear feedback shift registers; these contributed heavily to the hardware cost and consumed a significant amount of power. This paper introduces a new approach for encoding signal values: computation is performed on analog periodic pulse signals. Exploiting pulse width modulation, time-encoded signals corresponding to specific values are generated by adjusting the frequency and duty cycles of pulse width modulated (PWM) signals. With this approach, the latency, area, and energy consumption are all greatly reduced. Experimental results on image processing applications show up to 99% performance speedup, 98% saving in energy dissipation, and 40% area reduction compared to prior stochastic approaches. Circuits synthesized with the proposed approach can work as fast and energy-efficiently as a conventional binary design while retaining the fault-tolerance and low-cost advantages of conventional stochastic designs.
Dampers for Stationary Labyrinth Seals (2011)

Vibration dampers have been invented that are incorporated as components within the stationary labyrinth seal assembly. These dampers are intended to supplement other vibration-suppressing features of labyrinth seals in order to reduce the incidence of high-cycle-fatigue failures, which have been known to occur in the severe vibratory environments of jet engines and turbopumps in which labyrinth seals are typically used. A vibration damper of this type includes several leaf springs and/or a number of metallic particles (shot) all held in an annular seal cavity by a retaining ring. The leaf springs are made of a spring steel alloy chosen, in conjunction with design parameters, to maintain sufficient preload to ensure effectiveness of damping at desired operating temperatures. The cavity is vented via a small radial gap between the retaining ring and seal housing. The damping mechanism is complex. In the case of leaf springs, the mechanism is mainly friction in the slippage between the seal housing and individual dampers. In the case of a damper that contains shot, the damping mechanism includes contributions from friction between individual particles, friction between particles and cavity walls, and dissipation of kinetic energy of impact. The basic concept of particle/shot vibration dampers has been published previously; what is new here is the use of such dampers to suppress traveling-wave vibrations in labyrinth seals. Damping effectiveness depends on many parameters, including, but not limited to, coefficient of friction, mode shape, and frequency and amplitude of vibrational modes. In tests, preloads of the order of 6 to 15 lb (2.72 to 6.8 kilograms) per spring damper were demonstrated to provide adequate damping levels. Effectiveness of shot damping of vibrations having amplitudes from 20 to 200 times normal terrestrial gravitational acceleration (196 to 1,960 meters per square second) and frequencies up to 12 kHz was demonstrated for shot sizes from 0.032 to 0.062 in. (0.8 to 1.6 millimeters) at fill levels of from 70 to 95 percent.