gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A Defence of Plantinga’s Response to the Omnipotence Paradox and Free Will (2020)

A common debate in the philosophy of religion domain concerns the problem of evil, where some philosophers argue that there is a logical inconsistency in the core propositions held by theists, i.e. God is wholly good, God is wholly omnipotent, and that evil exists. J.L Mackie highlights this argument as an opposition to theistic doctrine, while also raising what he calls the Paradox of Omnipotence, which concerns the nature of God and his own omnipotence, particularly around the question of whether an omnipotent being could make things that they can then no longer control. Alvin Plantinga offers a response to Mackie, suggesting that Mackie’s attempt at demonstrating logical inconsistencies in the set of theistic propositions is unsuccessful. This paper supports Plantinga on the account that not only does he successfully defend against Mackie’s argument concerning the problem of evil, his Free Will Defense offers itself a candidate in resolving the Paradox of Omnipotence.
Endothelial cells internalize monoclonal antibody to angiotensin-converting enzyme (1996)

We investigated the fate of MAb 9B9, a monoclonal antibody to angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE), which binds to endothelium both in vitro and in vivo. Using cultured human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC) and isolated perfused rat lungs (IPL), we demonstrated specific and saturable binding of 125I-labeled MAb 9B9 at 4 degrees C [affinity constant (Kd) = 20-50 nM, maximal number of binding sites (Bmax) = 1.5-3.0 x 10(5) sites/cell]. When 125I-MAb 9B9 was bound to HUVEC at 37 degrees C, only 40% of cell-associated radioactivity was acid elutable, suggesting antibody internalization. This was confirmed by finding that 1) the amount of MAb 9B9 uptake at 37 degrees C was higher than at 4 degrees C both in HUVEC and IPL; 2) binding of 125I-labeled streptavidin with HUVEC and IPL pretreated with biotinylated MAb 9B9 (b-MAb 9B9) was diminished in a temperature- and time-dependent fashion at 37 degrees C; and 3) b-MAb 9B9 bound to HUVEC at 37 degrees C was found intracellularly by ultrastructural analysis using streptavidin gold. Intracellular 125I-MAb 9B9 was found in microsomal fractions of lung homogenate from IPL and after intravenous (iv) injections in rats. Degradation of internalized MAb 9B9 was minimal, since > 90% of cell-associated 125I label remained precipitable by trichloracetic acid in HUVEC, IPL, and in vivo. Autoradiography of sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis of lung homogenates made as late as several days after iv injections of 125I-MAb 9B9 in rats demonstrated a predominant band above 140 kDa. These data indicate that endothelial cells either in vitro or in vivo internalize the ACE ligand MAb 9B9 without significant intracellular degradation. Therefore MAb 9B9 may be useful for selective intracellular delivery of drugs to the pulmonary vascular endothelium after systemic administration.
High speed pattern matching for a fast Huffman decoder (1995)

The fast Huffman decoding algorithm has been used in JPEG, MPEG and image data compression standards, etc. And code compression is a key element in high speed digital data transport. A major compression is performed by converting the fixed-length codes to variable-length codes through an entropy coding scheme. Huffman coding combined with run-length coding is shown to be a very efficient coding scheme. To speed up the process of search for a symbol in a Huffman tree and to reduce the memory size we have proposed a tree clustering and a pattern matching algorithm to avoid high sparsity of the tree. The method is shown to be very efficient in memory size and fast searching for the symbol. For an experimental video data with Huffman codes extended up to 16 bits in length, i.e. it is used for the standard JPEG, the result of experiments show that the proposed algorithm has a very high speed and performance. The design of the decoder is carried out using silicon-gate CMOS process.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Wireless THz link with optoelectronic transmitter and receiver (2019)

Photonics might play a key role in future wireless communication systems that operate at terahertz (THz) carrier frequencies. A prime example is the generation of THz data streams by mixing optical signals in high-speed photodetectors. Over previous years, this concept has enabled a series of wireless transmission experiments at record-high data rates. Reception of THz signals in these experiments, however, still relied on electronic circuits. In this paper, we show that wireless THz receivers can also greatly benefit from optoelectronic signal processing techniques, in particular when carrier frequencies beyond 0.1 THz and wideband tunability over more than an octave is required. Our approach relies on a high-speed photoconductor and a photonic local oscillator for optoelectronic downconversion of THz data signals to an intermediate frequency band that is easily accessible by conventional microelectronics. By tuning the frequency of the photonic local oscillator, we can cover a wide range of carrier frequencies between 0.03 and 0.34 THz. We demonstrate line rates of up to 10 Gbit/s on a single channel and up to 30 Gbit/s on multiple channels transmitted over a distance of 58 m. To the best of our knowledge, our experiments represent the first demonstration of a THz communication link that exploits optoelectronic signal processing techniques both at the transmitter and the receiver.
Improving Spatial Reuse in Multihop Wireless Networks - A Survey (2009)

In multihop wireless ad-hoc networks, the medium access control (MAC) protocol plays a key role in coordinating the access to the shared medium among wireless nodes. Currently, the distributed coordination function (DCF) of the IEEE 802.11 is the dominant MAC protocol for both wireless LANs and wireless multihop ad hoc environment due to its simple implementation and distributed nature. The current access method of the IEEE 802.11 does not make efficient use of the shared channel due to its conservative approach in assessing the level of interference; this in turn affects the spatial reuse of the limited radio resources and highly affect the achieved throughput of a multihop wireless network. This paper surveys various methods that have been proposed in order to enhance the channel utilization by improving the spatial reuse.
Relative anterior spinal overgrowth in adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (2003)

We undertook a comparative study of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) vertebral morphometry of thoracic vertebrae of girls with adolescent idiopathic thoracic scoliosis (AIS) and age and gender-matched normal subjects, in order to investigate abnormal differential growth of the anterior and posterior elements of the thoracic vertebrae in patients with scoliosis. Previous studies have suggested that disproportionate growth of the anterior and posterior columns may contribute to the development of AIS. Whole spine MRI was undertaken on 83 girls with AIS between the age of 12 and 14 years, and Cobb's angles of between 20 degrees and 90 degrees, and 22 age-matched controls. Multiple measurements of each thoracic vertebra were obtained from the best sagittal and axial MRI cuts. Compared with the controls, the scoliotic spines had longer vertebral bodies between T1 and T12 in the anterior column and shorter pedicles with a larger interpedicular distance in the posterior column. The differential growth between the anterior and the posterior elements of each thoracic vertebra in the patients with AIS was significantly different from that in the controls (p < 0.01). There was also a significant positive correlation between the scoliosis severity score and the ratio of differential growth between the anterior and posterior columns for each thoracic vertebra (p < 0.01). Compared with age-matched controls, the longitudinal growth of the vertebral bodies in patients with AIS is disproportionate and faster and mainly occurs by endochondral ossification. In contrast, the circumferential growth by membranous ossification is slower in both the vertebral bodies and pedicles.
Preinjury Psychiatric Status, Injury Severity, and Postdeployment Posttraumatic Stress Disorder<alt-title>Physical Injury and PTSD</alt-title> (2011)

Baseline psychiatric status and deployment-related physical injuries were associated with screening positive for postdeployment PTSD. More vulnerable members of the deployed population might be identified and benefit from interventions targeted to prevent or to ensure early identification and treatment of postdeployment PTSD.
Dynamics of extracellular release of Aspergillus fumigatus DNAand galactomannan during growth in blood and serum (2009)

Aspergillus fumigatus is the major cause of invasive aspergillosis (IA), a disease associated with high rates of morbidity and mortality in patients undergoing treatment for haematological malignancies. This study investigated A. fumigatus growth in vitro and in a murine model of IA in order to provide insights into the dynamics of extracellular DNA and galactomannan (GM) release and their relevance to early diagnosis of IA. Following inoculation of whole blood with 20 A. fumigatus conidia ml(-1), DNA that corresponded to the inoculum could be detected by PCR but GM was not detected in plasma separated from the blood sample, indicating that the fungus did not grow in whole blood. The quantities of DNA detected by PCR, and GM, were proportional to the amount of fungal biomass present in vitro. Fungal DNA could be detected in the sera of mice experimentally infected with A. fumigatus with maximum detection in cyclophosphamide-treated mice.
Increasing Intracellular Bioavailable Copper Selectively Targets Prostate Cancer Cells (2013)

The therapeutic efficacy of two bis(thiosemicarbazonato) copper complexes, glyoxalbis[N4-methylthiosemicarbazonato]Cu(II) [Cu(II)(gtsm)] and diacetylbis[N4-methylthiosemicarbazonato]Cu(II) [Cu(II)(atsm)], for the treatment of prostate cancer was assessed in cell culture and animal models. Distinctively, copper dissociates intracellularly from Cu(II)(gtsm) but is retained by Cu(II)(atsm). We further demonstrated that intracellular H2gtsm [reduced Cu(II)(gtsm)] continues to redistribute copper into a bioavailable (exchangeable) pool. Both Cu(II)(gtsm) and Cu(II)(atsm) selectively kill transformed (hyperplastic and carcinoma) prostate cell lines but, importantly, do not affect the viability of primary prostate epithelial cells. Increasing extracellular copper concentrations enhanced the therapeutic capacity of both Cu(II)(gtsm) and Cu(II)(atsm), and their ligands (H2gtsm and H2atsm) were toxic only toward cancerous prostate cells when combined with copper. Treatment of the Transgenic Adenocarcinoma of Mouse Prostate (TRAMP) model with Cu(II)(gtsm) (2.5 mg/kg) significantly reduced prostate cancer burden (∼70%) and severity (grade), while treatment with Cu(II)(atsm) (30 mg/kg) was ineffective at the given dose. However, Cu(II)(gtsm) caused mild kidney toxicity in the mice, associated primarily with interstitial nephritis and luminal distention. Mechanistically, we demonstrated that Cu(II)(gtsm) inhibits proteasomal chymotrypsin-like activity, a feature further established as being common to copper-ionophores that increase intracellular bioavailable copper. We have demonstrated that increasing intracellular bioavailable copper can selectively kill cancerous prostate cells in vitro and in vivo and have revealed the potential for bis(thiosemicarbazone) copper complexes to be developed as therapeutics for prostate cancer.
Defective splicing, disease and therapy: searching for master checkpoints in exon definition (2006)

The number of aberrant splicing processes causing human disease is growing exponentially and many recent studies have uncovered some aspects of the unexpectedly complex network of interactions involved in these dysfunctions. As a consequence, our knowledge of the various cis- and trans-acting factors playing a role on both normal and aberrant splicing pathways has been enhanced greatly. However, the resulting information explosion has also uncovered the fact that many splicing systems are not easy to model. In fact we are still unable, with certainty, to predict the outcome of a given genomic variation. Nonetheless, in the midst of all this complexity some hard won lessons have been learned and in this survey we will focus on the importance of the wide sequence context when trying to understand why apparently similar mutations can give rise to different effects. The examples discussed in this summary will highlight the fine 'balance of power' that is often present between all the various regulatory elements that define exon boundaries. In the final part, we shall then discuss possible therapeutic targets and strategies to rescue genetic defects of complex splicing systems.
인문,사회과학편 : 체육수업에서의 청소년의 인기도와 공격성에 관한 사회연결망 분석 (2015)

이 연구는 체육수업에서의 인기도와 공격성의 관계를 규명하였다. 이를 위해 이 연구는 C시 소재 한 개의 남녀공학 중학교에서 3개 학급을 유의표집하였으며, 총 100명을 선정하였다. 타당도 및 신뢰도는 전문가회의와 요인분석 및 신뢰도분석을 통해 검증하였다. 자료처리는 NetMiner 프로그램을 활용하였다. 결론은 다음과 같다. 첫째, 체육수업에서의 사회측정적 인기도 연결망은 전반적으로 2개의 하위집단, 지각된 인기도 연결망은 1개의 결속집단을 보이고있다. 또한 소수의 학생이 인기를 과점하는 현상을 보이고 있다. 사회측정적 인기도와 지각된 인기도의 주요 결정요인은 운동능력 등이다. 둘째, 체육수업에서의 지각된 인기도는 반에서의 지각된 인기도와 밀접한 관계가 있다. 셋째,체육수업에서의 사회측정적 인기도, 지각된 인기도, 운동능력, 공격성간에는 관계가 있다. 남녀학생의 사회측정적 인기도의 중앙성은 지각된 인기도 중앙성과 전반적으로 유의한 상관관계가 있으며, 남학생의 사회측정적 인기도의 중앙성은 공격성의 하위요인인 적대감과 부적 관계가 있다. 지각된 인기도의 경우 남학생의 중앙성은 운동능력과 유의한 상관관계가 있으며, 운동능력은 공격성의 하위요인인 분노감 및 신체적 공격성과 유의한 상관관계가 있다.
Relaxation of Arterial Smooth Muscle by Calcium Sparks (1995)

Local increases in intracellular calcium ion concentration ([Ca2+]i) resulting from activation of the ryanodine-sensitive calcium-release channel in the sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) of smooth muscle cause arterial dilation. Ryanodine-sensitive, spontaneous local increases in [Ca2+]i (Ca2+ sparks) from the SR were observed just under the surface membrane of single smooth muscle cells from myogenic cerebral arteries. Ryanodine and thapsigargin inhibited Ca2+ sparks and Ca(2+)-dependent potassium (KCa) currents, suggesting that Ca2+ sparks activate KCa channels. Furthermore, KCa channels activated by Ca2+ sparks appeared to hyperpolarize and dilate pressurized myogenic arteries because ryanodine and thapsigargin depolarized and constricted these arteries to an extent similar to that produced by blockers of KCa channels. Ca2+ sparks indirectly cause vasodilation through activation of KCa channels, but have little direct effect on spatially averaged [Ca2+]i, which regulates contraction.
High‐Temperature Defect Structure of Acceptor‐Doped Strontium Titanate (1982)

The defect structure of acceptor‐doped (Fe, Al, Cr) polycrystalline strontium titanate was investigated by measuring the equilibrium electrical conductivity as a function of oxygen activity (10 −21 ≤a o2 ≤1) and temperature (85°C≤ T ≤ 1050°C). The electrical conductivity was n type with ∼−1/4 dependence on a 02 for a 02 <10 −10 . For a 02 >10 −8 , the observed data for Fe‐ or Al‐doped samples were proportional to ∼1/4.5 power of a 02 . In this region for Cr‐doped samples, the value of m in.σp αa 02 +1/m varies from ∼4.80 to ∼9.00 as the concentration of Cr is increased from 460 to 10 000 ppm. The onset of p ‐type conductivity depends on the amount. of acceptor impurity added to the sample. The absolute values of the conductivity in the acceptor‐doped samples were lower in the n‐type region than those for undoped SrTiO 3 . The conductivity minima shift toward lower oxygen activity with increasing acceptor concentration. For the entire oxygen activity rangae used in this study, the defect structure of SrTiO 3 is dominated by the added acceptor impurities.
Compliance-as-Code for Cybersecurity Automation in Hybrid Cloud (2022)

Automation of cybersecurity processes has become crucial with large scale deployment of sensitive workloads in regulated on-prem, private, and public cloud environments. Regulatory and standards bodies such as Payment Card Industry (PCI), Federal Financial Institutions Examination Council (FFIEC), International Organization for Standardization (ISO), and others govern the minimal set of cybersecurity controls that an organization must implement. To meet such requirements while maintaining business agility, organizations need to modernize from manual document based compliance management to automated processes for continuous compliance. This modernized process is called compliance-as-code. In this paper, we present an architecture for compliance-as-code based on a standardized framework. We identify several design choices and our rationale behind those. Specifically, we introduce a system for manipulating compliance information in a standardized manner and a data interchange protocol for inter-operable communication of compliance information. We demonstrate the scalability of our approach and briefly describe deployment and experimental results in real world settings.
New prospective 4D-CT for mitigating the effects of irregular respiratory motion (2017)

Artifact caused by irregular respiration is a major source of error in 4D-CT imaging. We propose a new prospective 4D-CT to mitigate this source of error without new hardware, software or off-line data-processing on the GE CT scanner. We utilize the cine CT scan in the design of the new prospective 4D-CT. The cine CT scan at each position can be stopped by the operator when an irregular respiration occurs, and resumed when the respiration becomes regular. This process can be repeated at one or multiple scan positions. After the scan, a retrospective reconstruction is initiated on the CT console to reconstruct only the images corresponding to the regular respiratory cycles. The end result is a 4D-CT free of irregular respiration. To prove feasibility, we conducted a phantom and six patient studies. The artifacts associated with the irregular respiratory cycles could be removed from both the phantom and patient studies. A new prospective 4D-CT scanning and processing technique to mitigate the impact of irregular respiration in 4D-CT has been demonstrated. This technique can save radiation dose because the repeat scans are only at the scan positions where an irregular respiration occurs. Current practice is to repeat the scans at all positions. There is no cost to apply this technique because it is applicable on the GE CT scanner without new hardware, software or off-line data-processing.
Reading Senseless Sentences: Brain Potentials Reflect Semantic Incongruity (1980)

In a sentence reading task, words that occurred out of context were associated with specific types of event-related brain potentials. Words that were physically aberrant (larger than normal) elecited a late positive series of potentials, whereas semantically inappropriate words elicited a late negative wave (N400). The N400 wave may be an electrophysiological sign of the "reprocessing" of semantically anomalous information.
Carbon monoxide dehydrogenase and acetate thiokinase in Methanothrix soehngenii (1984)

In Methanothrix soehngenii acetate is first activated by an acetate thiokinase rather than a phosphotransacetylase. The specific activity of the acetate thiokinase was 5.29 μmol acetate activated min−1 mg−1 protein with a half maximum rate at 0.74 mM acetate and at 0.047 mM CoA. In cell-free extracts a CO-dehydrogenase activity was measured of 3.02 μmol min−1 mg−1 protein with a half maximum rate at 0.44 mM CO and at 0.18 mM methylviologen. NADP and NAD could not replace methylviologen. F420 showed only low activity as electron acceptor.
Transmission of IPv4 packets over IEEE 802.16's IP Convergence Sublayer (2007)

IEEE 802.16 is an air interface specification for wireless broadband
access. IEEE has specified the service specific convergence sublayers
(CS) in the IEEE 802.16 MAC to be used by upper layer protocols.
Asynchronous Transfer Mode Convergence Sublayer (ATM CS) and Packet
Convergence Sublayer (Packet CS) represent the two main service
specific convergence sublayers for the IEEE 802.16. The packet CS is
used for transport for all packet-based protocols such as Internet
Protocol (IP), IEEE 802.3 (Ethernet) and IEEE 802.1Q (VLAN). The IP
specific part of the Packet CS enables transport of IPv4 packets
directly over the IEEE 802.16 MAC. This document specifies the frame
format, the Maximum Transmission Unit (MTU) and address assignment
procedures for transmitting IPv4 packets over IP Convergence Sublayer
(IPCS) of the IEEE 802.16. This document also provides the details of
why the ARP cannot be sent over the IEEE 802.16 links using IPCS and a
recommendation for this.
Intermuscular tendons are essential for the development of vertebrate stomach (2009)

Gastrointestinal motility is ensured by the correct coordination of the enteric nervous system and the visceral smooth muscle cells (SMCs), and defective development of SMCs results in gut malformations and intestinal obstructions. In order to identify the molecular mechanisms that control the differentiation of the visceral mesenchyme into SMCs in the vertebrate stomach, we developed microarrays to analyze the gene expression profiles of undifferentiated and differentiated avian stomachs. We identify Scleraxis, a basic-helix-loop-helix transcription factor, as a new marker of stomach mesenchyme and find that expression of Scleraxis defines the presence of two tendons closely associated to the two visceral smooth muscles. Using targeted gene misexpression, we show that FGF signaling is sufficient to induce Scleraxis expression and to establish two tendon domains adjacent to the smooth muscle structures. We also demonstrate that the tendon organization is perturbed by altering Scleraxis expression or function. Moreover, using primary cells derived from stomach mesenchyme, we find that undifferentiated stomach mesenchyme can give rise to both SMCs and tendon cells. These data show that upon FGF activation, selected stomach mesenchymal cells are primed to express Scleraxis and to differentiate into tendon cells. Our findings identify a new anatomical and functional domain in the vertebrate stomach that we characterize as being two intermuscular tendons closely associated with the visceral SMC structures. We also demonstrate that the coordinated development of both tendon and smooth muscle domains is essential for the correct morphogenesis of the stomach.