gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Transforming Non-Normal Data to Normality in Statistical Process Control (1998)

Quality characteristics analyzed in statistical process control (SPC) often are required to be normally distributed. This is true in many types of control charts and acceptance sampling plans, as well as in process capability studies. If a characteristic is not normally distributed, but normal-based techniques are used, serious errors can result. One approach to solving this problem is to transform the non-normal data to normality using the Johnson system of distributions. In this paper, we use the sample quantile ratio, in conjunction with the Shapiro-Wilk test of normality, to find a suitable transformation for non-normal data. Examples of fitting non-normal SPC data are presented and discussed. The effect of the Johnson transformation on an SPC procedure involving an estimator for the population standard deviation is studied using non-normal data and Johnson-transformed data.
Astigmatic correction by a deformable subreflector (2005)

Most antennas have strong gravitational astigmatism and vary as a function of the antenna position. We suggested that this kind of surface error could be corrected away if a subreflector is mechanically deformed in a proper way [l]. Analyses by ray trace method showed that the shape of the maln reflector can be exactly corrected by a similarly shaped subreflector if rays do not cross each other [2]. Analyses on the 140-ft. radio telescope structure and direct measurements with a elongated feed horn [3] illuminating a central strip of the aperture showed that the telescope antenna has strong gravitational astigmatism. A mechanical deformable subreflector (fig. 1) was built for the test [4] [5], providing a first order astigmatic correction. The deformations of the subreflector is antenna position dependent, actuated by four servo controlled motors. The 88 hours of test on the telescope by observing seven unresolved radio sources at water vapour line (22.3 GHZ, X = 1.345 cm) at various pointings and with different amounts of deformation gives a considerable amount of improvement on efficiency, especially far south and east (fig. 2). A fairly strong secondary beam disappeared. The beam shape became more symmetrical, narrow and round. At 20' elevation the aperture efficiency increased by factors between two and three (fig. 3). This mechanically deformable subreflector is proven to be an inexpensive means to improve the efficiency of large radio antennas. References
On optimal stopping strategies for text recognition in a video stream as an application of a monotone sequential decision model (2019)

The paper describes the problem of stopping the text field recognition process in a video stream, which is a novel problem, particularly relevant to real-time mobile document recognition systems. A decision-theoretic framework for this problem is provided, and similarities with existing stopping rule problems are explored. Following the theoretical works on monotone stopping rule problems, a strategy is proposed based on thresholding the estimation of the expected difference between consequent recognition results. The efficiency of this strategy is evaluated on an openly accessible dataset. The results show that this method outperforms the previously published methods based on identical results cluster size thresholding. Notes on future work include incorporation of recognition result confidence estimations in the proposed model and more precise evaluation of the observation cost.
Manganese-induced rat pheochromocytoma (PC12) cell death is independent of caspase activation (2000)

Manganese (Mn) is an essential mineral that at high concentrations can produce an irreversible syndrome resembling Parkinson's disease. To examine the mechanism by which Mn elicits its toxic response, we have selected the rat pheochromocytoma cells (PC12) as our model system because it possesses much of the biochemical machinery associated with dopaminergic neurons. Mn-induced PC12 cell death is both time and concentration dependent with approximately 50% cell survival at 48 hr in the presence of 0.3 mM Mn. To determine whether oxidative stress contributed to cytotoxicity induced by Mn, lipid peroxidation was assessed in Mn-treated in PC12 cells. The highly sensitive HPLC assay that measures the lipid peroxide product, 9-HODE, was used and results of these experiments demonstrate there was no increase in the lipid peroxidation in cells exposed to 0.3 mM Mn for 24 hr. Mn was found to stimulate the activation of the apoptotic marker proteins, p38 and caspase-3 within the first 24 hr of treatment. The selective inhibitor of caspase-3, DEVD-CHO, and the nonselective caspase inhibitor, Z-VAD-FMK, however, fail to prevent Mn-induced PC12 cell death. Studies were performed to determine the role of mitochondria in initiating or supporting Mn cytotoxicity, because Mn has been reported to cause changes in membrane permeability. Mn caused a decrease in ATP levels in PC12 cells in both a time and concentration dependent manner. We hypothesize that both apoptosis and necrosis contribute to PC12 cell death although the necrotic events prevail even when the apoptotic signaling is inhibited.
Convolutional Neural Network-Based Human Detection in Nighttime Images Using Visible Light Camera Sensors (2017)

Because intelligent surveillance systems have recently undergone rapid growth, research on accurately detecting humans in videos captured at a long distance is growing in importance. The existing research using visible light cameras has mainly focused on methods of human detection for daytime hours when there is outside light, but human detection during nighttime hours when there is no outside light is difficult. Thus, methods that employ additional near-infrared (NIR) illuminators and NIR cameras or thermal cameras have been used. However, in the case of NIR illuminators, there are limitations in terms of the illumination angle and distance. There are also difficulties because the illuminator power must be adaptively adjusted depending on whether the object is close or far away. In the case of thermal cameras, their cost is still high, which makes it difficult to install and use them in a variety of places. Because of this, research has been conducted on nighttime human detection using visible light cameras, but this has focused on objects at a short distance in an indoor environment or the use of video-based methods to capture multiple images and process them, which causes problems related to the increase in the processing time. To resolve these problems, this paper presents a method that uses a single image captured at night on a visible light camera to detect humans in a variety of environments based on a convolutional neural network. Experimental results using a self-constructed Dongguk night-time human detection database (DNHD-DB1) and two open databases (Korea advanced institute of science and technology (KAIST) and computer vision center (CVC) databases), as well as high-accuracy human detection in a variety of environments, show that the method has excellent performance compared to existing methods.
Pseudomonas aeruginosa elastase. Development of a new substrate, inhibitors, and an affinity ligand. (1980)

The elastase produced by Pseudomonas aerughosa is probably responsible for the tissue destruction observed during pulmonary and corneal infections by this pathogen.We have synthesized a new substrate, Abz-Ala-Gly-Leu-Ala-Nba, for P. aeruginosa elastase.Cleavage of the peptide by elastase a t pH 7.2 results in 6-to 7-fold increase in fluorescence (h,,, 340 nm; X, , , 415 nm).A sensitive rate assay utilizing this substrate was developed and used to study inhibitors.Elastase was strongly inhibited competitively by peptides containing the hydroxamic acid (HONHCOCH(CH&H5)CO-Ala-Gly-NHZ, K, = 44 n~), N-hydroxypeptide (CHO-HOLeu-Ala-Gly-NHZ, KI = 8 PM), and thiol (HSCH2CH-(CHzCsH5)CO-Ala-Gly-NH2, KI = 64 a) functional groups.The hydroxamic acid (HONHCOCH&O-AIa-Gly-NH2) lacking the benzyl side chain was a 6000-fold poorer inhibitor, indicating that the inhibitors are binding to the primary substrate specificity site (S',) of elastase.The nomenclature used for the individual amino acid residues (Pl, P1, PZ, etc.) of a substrate or inhibitor and the subsites (S1, S I , S'z, etc.) of the enzyme is that of Schechter and Berger (Schechter, I., and Berger, A. (1967) Biochem Biophys.Res.Commun, 27, 157-162).In each case, the inhibitors contain a ligating group to interact with active site zinc atom of the elastase.The affinity resin HONHCOCH(CH2CsHs)CO-Ala-Gly-NH(CH&-agarose was utilized to purify P. aeruginosa elastase.The enzyme was applied at pH 7.2 and could be eluted with a pH 10.0, 0.1 M ' h i s solution safely.Enzymatically inactive material washed straight through the column.Elastase was not inhibited by ClCH2CO-HOLeu-OCH3, a thermolysin inhibitor, but was irreversibly inhibited by the tripeptide analog C1CHzCO-HOLeu-Ala-G1y-NH2. This indicates that P. aeruginosa elastase in common with porcine pancreatic elastase has an extended substrate recognition site.Some of the inhibitors may find use in the clinical treatment of P. aeruginosa infections.The abbrevia-
Studying Relationships between Human Gaze, Description, and Computer Vision (2013)

We posit that user behavior during natural viewing of images contains an abundance of information about the content of images as well as information related to user intent and user defined content importance. In this paper, we conduct experiments to better understand the relationship between images, the eye movements people make while viewing images, and how people construct natural language to describe images. We explore these relationships in the context of two commonly used computer vision datasets. We then further relate human cues with outputs of current visual recognition systems and demonstrate prototype applications for gaze-enabled detection and annotation.
An aggregation technique for traffic monitoring (2003)

This paper presents an aggregation technique targeted for near real-time, long-term, and wide-area traffic monitoring. Our technique, called aguri, adapts itself to spatial traffic distribution by aggregating small volume flows into aggregates, and achieves temporal aggregation by creating a summary of summaries applying the same algorithm to its outputs. A set of scripts are used for archiving and visualizing summaries in different time scales. For near real-time monitoring, our prototype implementation employs a Patricia tree and a variant of the LRU replacement policy to limit memory use and search time with variable length keys. The algorithm is fairly insensitive to parameter settings and network conditions. Aguri does not need a predefined rule set and is capable of detecting an unexpected increase of unknown protocols or DoS attacks, which considerably simplifies the task of network monitoring. We have been monitoring the WIDE backbone network using aguri, and found it useful for network operation.
Noncontact measurement of charge induced voltage shift in capacitive MEM-switches (2003)

The use of a modulated microwave signal to directly measure the voltage shift induced by charge in the dielectric layer of a capacitive microelectromechanical (MEM) switch is presented. This method does not require the metal bridge to contact the dielectric layer and is thus much less intrusive than previously reported measurements. The technique is a useful tool for understanding charge build up and dissipation in capacitive MEM switches.
Enhanced chondrogenesis of mesenchymal stem cells over silk fibroin/chitosan‐chondroitin sulfate three dimensional scaffold in dynamic culture condition (2018)

Chondroitin sulfate (Ch) is one of the main structural components of cartilage tissue, therefore, its presence in tissue engineered scaffold is expected to enhance cartilage regeneration. Previously, silk fibroin/chitosan (SF/CS) blend was proven to be a potential biomaterial for tissue development. In this study, the effect of Ch on physicochemical and biological properties of SF/CS blend was investigated and scaffolds with 0.8 wt% Ch was found to be favorable. The scaffolds possess pore size of 37-212 µm, contact angle 46.2-50.3°, showed controlled swelling and biodegradation. The biocompatibility of scaffold was confirmed by subcutaneous implantation in mouse. Human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) seeded scaffolds cultured under spinner flask bioreactor promoted cell attachment, proliferation, distribution, and metabolic activity in vitro. The histology and immunofluorescence studies revealed that combined effect of Ch and dynamic condition resulted in higher glycosaminoglycan secretion and native cartilage type matrix synthesis in comparison to SF/CS scaffolds used as control. Higher expression of collagen-II, Sox9, aggrecan and decrease in collagen-I expression represented by quantitative polymerase chain reaction study confirmed the progression of chondrogenic differentiation. This study successfully demonstrates the potentiality of SF/CS-Ch scaffold for hMSCs recruitment and redirecting cartilage tissue regeneration with enhanced chondrogenesis. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part B: Appl Biomater, 106B: 2576-2587, 2018.
Elimination of Phenol By Adsorption Onto Mineral / Polyaniline Composite Solid Support (2012)

The present study deals with the elimination of phenol by adsorption onto polyaniline coated silica gel, from synthesized aqueous solutions. The silica gel was coated by the polyaniline, a conducting and an electroactive polymer in order to modify its surface structure to improve its adsorption capacity. The study was carried out batchwise and the effect of important operating parameters like the contacting time, the initial concentration, the temperature and the pH was also investigated. The obtained results showed that the polyaniline coating of the silica gel surface did in fact improve the adsorption capacity of phenol.
Adalimumab in the therapy of uveitis in childhood (2007)

“Adalimumab is more effective” …?
Computer‐aided detection of brain tumor invasion using multiparametric MRI (2009)

The combination of features derived from morphological and physiological imaging techniques contains the information necessary for computer-aided detection of tumor invasion and allows for the identification of tumor invasion not previously visualized on morphological, diffusion-weighted, and perfusion-weighted images and maps. Further validation of this approach requires obtaining spatially coregistered tissue samples in a study with a larger sample size.
Synthesis of Ordered Mesoporous Manganese Oxides with Various Oxidation States (2014)

Ordered mesoporous MnO, MnO4, Mn2O3 and MnO2 materials with 3-D pore structure were suc- cessfully synthesized via a nano-replication method by using ordered mesoporous silica, KIT-6 (Cubic Ia3d space group mesostructure) as the template under specific oxidation and reduction conditions. Notably, ordered mesoporous MnO with a crystalline wall (rock salt structure) was syn- thesized for the first time, to the best of our knowledge. The synthesis of the ordered mesoporous MnO was achieved by reducing the ordered mesoporous Mn3O4 under an H2 atmosphere, while preserving the ordered mesostructure and crystalline wall throughout the solid/solid transformation. All of the ordered mesoporous manganese oxides with different crystal structures and oxidation states demonstrated almost the same spherical-like morphology with several hundred nanometers of particles. The synthesized ordered mesoporous manganese oxides had uniform dual mesopores (2-3 nm, and ~20 nm) and crystalline frameworks with large surface areas (86-140 m2/g) and pore volumes (0.27-0.33 cm3/g).
The NBS-LANL RTM End-Magnet Field Mapper (1983)

A computer-controlled magnetic field mapper is under construction at the National Bureau of Standards to map the end magnets of the NBS-LANL racetrack microtron (RTM). The mapper consists of a large, two-dimensional translation stage which simultaneously positions a nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) magnetometer probe in the 55 cm × 135 cm uniform field region and a temperature-compensated Hall effect probe in the fringe field region. A computer-based control system automatically positions the probes at points on a selected grid and records the measured field values and positions in computer memory. In this paper we describe the field mapping requirements, the mapper, its operation, and the field measurements and analysis that are to be performed.
Arrangement of inner dynein arms in wild-type and mutant flagella of Chlamydomonas. (1992)

We have used computer averaging of electron micrographs from longitudinal and cross-sections of wild-type and mutant axonemes to determine the arrangement of the inner dynein arms in Chlamydomonas reinhardtii. Based on biochemical and morphological data, the inner arms have previously been described as consisting of three distinct subspecies, I1, I2, and I3. Our longitudinal averages revealed 10 distinguishable lobes of density per 96-nm repeating unit in the inner row of dynein arms. These lobes occurred predominantly but not exclusively in two parallel rows. We have analyzed mutant strains that are missing I1 and I2 subspecies. Cross-sectional averages of pf9 axonemes, which are missing the I1 subspecies, showed a loss of density in both the inner and outer portions of the inner arm. Averages from longitudinal images showed that three distinct lobes were missing from a single region; two of the lobes were near the outer arms but one was more inward. Serial 24-nm cross-sections of pf9 axonemes showed a complete gap at the proximal end of the repeating unit, confirming that the I1 subunit spans both inner and outer portions of the inner arm region. Examination of pf23 axonemes, which are missing both I1 and I2 subspecies, showed an additional loss almost exclusively in the inner portion of the inner arm. In longitudinal view, this additional loss occurred in three separate locations and consisted of three inwardly placed lobes, one adjacent to each of the two radial spokes and the third at the distal end of the repeating unit. These same lobes were absent ida4 axonemes, which lack only the I2 subspecies. The I2 subspecies thus does not consist of a single dynein arm subunit in the middle of the repeating unit. The radial spoke suppressor mutation, pf2, is missing four polypeptides of previously unknown location. Averages of these axonemes were missing a portion of the structures remaining in pf23 axonemes. This result suggests that polypeptides of the radial spoke control system are close to the inner dynein arms.
DNA hypomethylation in cancer: Epigenetic scars of a neoplastic journey (2010)

Cytosine methylation is a heritable modification of DNA in mammalian cells, and has a determinant impact on long-term gene repression and genome stability. Genomic methylation patterns, which remain generally stable in the adult, become profoundly altered in most human tumors. While discrete DNA segments become hypermethylated in cancer cells, many more sequences become hypomethylated. This review discusses our current understanding of the mechanisms that lead to DNA hypomethylation in tumors. Evidence suggests that methylation losses are not random, but rather evolve into mosaic hypomethylation patterns. It is proposed that such hypomethylation patterns result from a historical event of transient DNA demethylation, and that transcriptional regulators contribute to determining which regions escape remethylation and remain therefore unmethylated. Finally, possible stages of tumor development during which the transient DNA demethylation process may take place will be discussed.
Changes in excitatory neurotransmission in the CA1 region and dentate gyrus in a chronic model of temporal lobe epilepsy (1995)

1. In this report we compare changes of excitatory neurotransmission within the CA1 region and the dentate gyrus (DG) in a model of chronic temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE). Extracellular and intracellular recordings were obtained from in vitro hippocampal-parahippocampal slices > or = 1 mo after a period of self-sustaining limbic status epilepticus (SSLSE) induced by continuous hippocampal stimulation. Pyramidal cells in CA1 were activated by electrodes in the stratum lacunosum/moleculare or stratum radiatum. Granule cells in DG were similarly activated by electrodes positioned in the perforant path. 2. Monosynaptic excitatory postsynaptic potentials (EPSPs) evoked in CA1 pyramidal cells in post-SSLSE tissue were always longer than those evoked in control tissue, irrespective of whether hyperresponsiveness was present or not. EPSPs elicited by stimulus subthreshold for action potentials (APs) in post-SSLSE and in control slices and matched in amplitude had a statistically greater duration in the post-SSLSE slices. Durations of monosynaptic EPSPs elicited by stimuli subthreshold for APs in DG granule cells in post-SSLSE slices were not longer than EPSPs of equal amplitude elicited in control slices. 3. Higher-intensity stimuli produced EPSPs with associated APs and, in certain cases in the post-SSLSE tissue, hyperresponsive events with multiple (> or = 3) APs. Durations of depolarizing profiles with stimuli producing APs were overall longer in both CA1 pyramidal cells and DG granule cells and correlated with the degree of hyperresponsiveness. 4. Neither the amplitudes nor the durations of monosynaptic EPSPs evoked in CA1 pyramidal cells in slices from control animals were affected by the addition of D(-)-2-amino-5-phosphonovaleric acid (APV), a blocker of the N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor, to the artificial cerebrospinal fluid (ACSF) bathing the slices. In contrast to the situation in control tissue, in post-SSLSE tissue APV shortened EPSPs evoked in CA1 pyramidal cells while not changing their amplitudes. After APV, inhibitory postsynaptic potentials (IPSPs) remained greatly diminished or absent in CA1 pyramidal cells. APV did not statistically decrease amplitudes of monosynaptic EPSPs evoked in DG granule cells in either control slices or post-SSLSE slices. APV decreased EPSP durations in both types of slices, more so in the post-SSLSE tissue. 5. In control slices, APV did not change the amplitudes or durations of depolarizing profiles of responses evoked by stimuli producing APs in CA1. Similarly, APV did not change the amplitudes of such responses in DG. However, APV did reduce the durations of such responses in DG in control slices.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
Fe<sub>3</sub>O<sub>4</sub> Nanocrystals with Novel Fractal (2005)

Fe3O4 novel fractal nanocrystals have been synthesized by a surfactant-assisted solvothermal process for the first time. X-ray diffraction (XRD), X-ray photoelectron spectra (XPS), Mössbauer spectroscopy (MS), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) have been used to investigate the novel fractal nanocrystals. The lengths of the fractals are about 2-3 microm, and the trunks and branches of Fe3O4 fractals have almost the same diameters of ca. 30-50 nm. The roles of surfactant PEG-20000 and N2H4 have been discussed in detail. One key fact has been found that the ferrocene concentration has a vital effect on the morphologies of the products. The side-branching process and the oscillation of the concentration have been proposed to illustrate the formation mechanisms of the fractal nanocrystals. In addition, magnetic properties of Fe3O4 fractal nanocrystals have also been detected by a vibrating sample magnetometer, showing relatively high saturation magnetization (Ms) of ca. 78.75 emu/g.