gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
An on-line method for segmentation and identification of non-stationary time series (2002)

We present a method for the analysis of non-stationary time series from dynamical systems that switch between multiple operating modes. In contrast to other approaches, our method processes the data incrementally and without any training of internal parameters. It straightaway performs an unsupervised segmentation and classification of the data on-the-fly. In many cases it even allows to process incoming data in real-time. The main idea of the approach is to track and segment changes of the probability density of the data in a sliding window on the incoming data stream. An application to a switching dynamical system demonstrates the potential usefulness of the algorithm in a broad range of applications.
Selective photooxidation of small hydrocarbons by O{sub 2} in zeolites with visible light (1996)

Small alkenes, alkanes, or substituted aromatics loaded with O{sub 2} from the gas phase into alkali or alkaline-earth exchanged zeolite Y react upon irradiation with visible light to form organic building blocks and industrial intermediates. Examples include the conversion of propylene to acrolein, toluene to benzaldehyde, cyclohexane to cyclohexanone, and propane and ethane to acetone and acetaldehyde, respectively. Corresponding alkyl (allyl) hydroperoxide intermediates were observed by in situ FT-infrared spectroscopy. A key finding is that the selectivity of these oxidations is very high even at high conversion, a feature that is lacking existing methods of thermal catalytic autoxidation. Reaction quantum efficiencies are rather high, typically between 0.1 and 0.3. The origin of the photochemistry is a hydrocarbon{sm_bullet}O{sub 2} charge-transfer absorption that extends into the visible region. This was discovered by reaction excitation spectroscopy and confirmed by diffuse reflectance measurements. It signals an unprecedented 1.5-2.5 eV stabilization of the excited hydrocarbon{sm_bullet}O{sub 2} charge-transfer state by the zeolite environment relative to the gas or solution phase. The stabilization is attributed to the very high electrostatic field inside the supercage of zeolite Y, which has been measured by the absorption intensity of the induced infrared fundamental of N{sub 2} (NaY, 0.2 V{Angstrom}{sup -1},more » BaY, 0.5 V{Angstrom}{sup -1}). The alkane photooxidations by O{sub 2} open up a new method for very mild C-H activation.« less
Enhanced Pixel-Driving Circuits for Active-Matrix Organic-Light-Emitting Diode Displays with Large Sizes (2005)

Enhanced pixel-driving circuits for active-matrix organic-light-emitting diode (AM-OLED) displays with large sizes and highly uniform brightnesses were designed for system on panel. The driving method used the pre-charge functions of the data for a highly uniform brightness during a short time to program the current. The currents of the designed pixel-driving circuits were not significantly affected by variations in the threshold voltages, or by the mobilities of the driving thin-film transistors. These results indicate that the proposed pixel-driving circuits hold promise for potential applications in AM-OLED displays with large sizes and highly uniform brightnesses.
Time Domain Reflectometry Surface Reflections for Dielectric Constant in Highly Conductive Soils (2007)

This paper presents a model-based approach to determine dielectric constants from time domain reflectometry (TDR) measurement in highly conductive soils. It makes use of information contained in the TDR signal from the reflection at the surface of the soil rather than the reflection from the end of the probe. The TDR method is widely used to determine the volumetric water content of soils. Commonly used information from the TDR signals includes the apparent dielectric constant and the electrical conductivity. The apparent dielectric constant is generally measured by analyzing the travel time of electromagnetic waves reflected from the end of the soil probe. In soils with high electrical conductivities, the attenuation of the signal can eliminate the reflection from the end of the probe, which limits the application of TDR to these materials. A simplified frequency-independent dielectric model is utilized to invert the dielectric constant from the reflected signals at the soil surface. Results indicate that the dielectric constant can be determined with reasonable accuracy by the proposed approach for soils with high electrical conductivity, where the conventional travel time analysis fails due to significant signal attenuation.
A Putative Sirolimus (Rapamycin) Effector Protein (1994)

Sirolimus (rapamycin), a new immunosuppressive drug, inhibits proliferation of a wide spectrum of T and B cells. The immunosuppressive mechanism of sirolimus is still unclear. We recently isolated a membrane associated protein with an apparent molecular weight of 210 kDa, p210, from cultured Molt 4 cells and BJAB cells and from normal human T cells using an affinity matrix method. The p210 binds to sirolimus:FKBP12 complex, but only at background levels to FKBP12 alone, to FK506:FKBP12 complex, or sirolimus-biotin alone. Among the sirolimus analogs tested, the binding ability of p210 to drug:FKBP12 complexes correlates with the immunosuppressive activity of the drugs, suggesting that p210 is the sirolimus effector protein.
27.6 Single-chip 3072ch 2D array IC with RX analog and all-digital TX beamformer for 3D ultrasound imaging (2017)

A diagnostic ultrasound (US) system transmits acoustic waves at several to tens of MHz into the human body for clinical purposes and detects the reflected waves to observe the internal organs without having a medical operation or radiation exposure. The system is composed of a main unit and probe connected via coaxial cables. The probe is very small because medical technicians laboriously grab and manipulate it for a long time. To avoid image obscurity depending on medical technicians, high-speed and high-resolution 3D/4D imaging is necessary. For this reason, several thousands of lead bulk piezoelectric material transducers (TD) need to be squeezed into the small probe. Since the number of cables is limited to several hundreds, the probe needs to include beamforming functionality and a 2D array IC, which includes thousands of US transceivers.
Solvated Graphene Frameworks as High‐Performance Anodes for Lithium‐Ion Batteries (2015)

Abstract A solvent‐exchange approach for the preparation of solvated graphene frameworks as high‐performance anode materials for lithium‐ion batteries is reported. The mechanically strong graphene frameworks exhibit unique hierarchical solvated porous networks and can be directly used as electrodes with a significantly improved electrochemical performance compared to unsolvated graphene frameworks, including very high reversible capacities, excellent rate capabilities, and superior cycling stabilities.
Immunogenicity and Protection of a Recombinant Human Adenovirus Serotype 35-Based Malaria Vaccine against<i>Plasmodium yoelii</i>in Mice (2005)

Given the promise of recombinant adenovirus type 5 (rAd5) as a malaria vaccine carrier in preclinical models, we evaluated the potency of rAd35 coding for Plasmodium yoelii circumsporozoite protein (rAd35PyCS). We chose rAd35 since a survey with serum samples from African subjects demonstrated that human Ad35 has a much lower seroprevalence of 20% and a much lower geometric mean neutralizing antibody titer (GMT) of 48 compared to Ad5 (seroprevalence, 85%; GMT, 1,261) in countries with a high malaria incidence. We also demonstrated that immunization with rAd35PyCS induced a dose-dependent and potent, CS-specific CD8(+) cellular and humoral immune response and conferred significant inhibition (92 to 94%) of liver infection upon high-dose sporozoite challenge. Furthermore, we showed that in mice carrying neutralizing antibody activity against Ad5, mimicking a human situation, CS-specific T- and B-cell responses were significantly dampened after rAd5PyCS vaccination, resulting in loss of inhibition of liver infection upon sporozoite challenge. In contrast, rAd35 vaccine was as potent in naive mice as in Ad5-preimmunized mice. Finally, we showed that heterologous rAd35-rAd5 prime-boost regimens were more potent than rAd35-rAd35 because of induction of anti-Ad35 antibodies after rAd35 priming. The latter data provide a further rationale for developing rAd prime-boost regimens but indicate that priming and boosting Ad vectors must be immunologically distinct and also should be distinct from Ad5. Collectively, the data presented warrant further development of rAd35-based vaccines against human malaria.
Liquid‐Tin‐Assisted Molten Salt Electrodeposition of Photoresponsive n‐Type Silicon Films (2017)

Abstract Production of silicon film directly by electrodeposition from molten salt would have utility in the manufacturing of photovoltaic and optoelectronic devices owing to the simplicity of the process and the attendant low capital and operating costs. Here, dense and uniform polycrystalline silicon films (thickness up to 60 µm) are electrodeposited on graphite sheet substrates at 650 °C from molten KCl–KF‐1 mol% K 2 SiF 6 salt containing 0.020–0.035 wt% tin. The growth of such high‐quality tin‐doped silicon films is attributable to the mediation effect of tin in the molten salt electrolyte. A four‐step mechanism is proposed for the generation of the films: nucleation, island formation, island aggregation, and film formation. The electrodeposited tin‐doped silicon film exhibits n‐type semiconductor behavior. In liquid junction photoelectrochemical measurement, this material generates a photocurrent about 38–44% that of a commercial n‐type Si wafer.
Weld-Bead Profilometer Rejects Optical Noise (1991)

Optoelectronic sensor measures profile of weld seam or weld bead along line perpendicular to seam. Illuminated by fan of laser light. Image of line digitized and converted to profile of height or depth versus transverse position. Intended to be part of highly automated welding system, used in automatic tracking of seam or automatic profiling of weld bead for immediate evaluation and assurance of quality during welding process. Requires little maintenance other than cleaning glass windows protecting laser and camera.
Synthesis of Novel Quaternary Ammonium Salts and Their in Vitro Antileishmanial Activity and U-937 Cell Cytotoxicity (2016)

This work describes the synthesis of a series of quaternary ammonium salts and the assessment of their in vitro antileishmanial activity and cytotoxicity. A preliminary discussion on a structure-activity relationship of the compounds is also included. Three series of quaternary ammonium salts were prepared: (i) halomethylated quaternary ammonium salts (series I); (ii) non-halogenated quaternary ammonium salts (series II) and (iii) halomethylated choline analogs (series III). Assessments of their in vitro cytotoxicity in human promonocytic cells U-937 and antileishmanial activity in axenic amastigotes of L. (Viannia) panamensis (M/HOM/87/UA140-pIR-eGFP) were carried out using the MTT (3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyl-tetrazolium bromide) micromethod. Antileishmanial activity was also tested in intracellular amastigotes of L. (V) panamensis using flow cytometry. High toxicity for human U937 cells was found with most of the compounds, which exhibited Lethal Concentration 50 (LC50) values in the range of 9 to 46 μg/mL. Most of the compounds evidenced antileishmanial activity. In axenic amastigotes, the antileishmanial activity varied from 14 to 57 μg/mL, while in intracellular amastigotes their activity varied from 17 to 50 μg/mL. N-Chloromethyl-N,N-dimethyl-N-(4,4-diphenylbut-3-en-1-yl)ammonium iodide (1a), N-iodomethyl-N,N-dimethyl-N-(4,4-diphenylbut-3-en-1-yl)ammonium iodide (2a), N,N,N-trimethyl-N-(4,4-diphenylbut-3-en-1-yl)ammonium iodide (3a) and N,N,N-trimethyl-N-(5,5-diphenylpent-4-en-1-yl)ammonium iodide (3b) turned out to be the most active compounds against intracellular amastigotes of L. (V) panamensis, with EC50 values varying between 24.7 for compound 3b and 38.4 μg/mL for compound 1a. Thus, these compounds represents new "hits" in the development of leishmanicidal drugs.
Compensation of magnetic data for autonomous underwater vehicle mapping surveys (2014)

Magnetic surveying is well established in land based mineral exploration. Magnetic data is routinely used to map geology in covered terrains, to identify altered zones, mineralization, bedding attitudes, and fault networks. However, other than during specialized commercial, military, and academic surveys, magnetic data is not normally collected on autonomous underwater vehicles (AUVs) and remotely operated vehicles (ROVs) conducting geological mapping and hydrographic survey operations. One reason for this is the magnetic field produced by the local geology is often overwhelmed by the heading and attitude dependent magnetic fields of the vehicle when the magnetometer is mounted close to or inside the AUV. Magnetometers can be mounted away from the AUV with specialized mounting apparatus e.g. a towed body or pole-mounts, but at the cost of increased complication to operations and risk to vehicle safety. To produce useful data from a magnetometer mounted inside the body of an AUV, it is necessary to compensate not only for the attitude of the AUV in the earth's field, but also for secondary effects related to the strength of the electric currents flowing in the vehicle propulsion and vehicle control circuits. To calculate the compensation terms, both a physical calibration routine and a mathematical treatment of the data are required. Prior to each survey, flying a short calibration maneuver enables the calculation of correction terms to the raw magnetic data. The calibration maneuver consists of two sequential, coincidental squares of four calibration legs per square. These squares are flown in opposite directions with the sides of the squares aligned parallel with the primary survey and tie lines. The AUV is typically flown in terrain following (constant altitude) mode at the nominal altitude of the survey, but is changed during each leg to induce pitch into the flight of the AUV. Correction terms are then calculated from the calibration magnetic field data, AUV attitude and heading and vehicle control data. Applying these correction terms to the raw magnetic data collected during the survey produces very useful magnetic maps for interpreting regional, subsurface geology in the survey area. As shown in this paper, OFG has successfully demonstrated this process in commercial surveys.
Direct manipulation of subdivision surfaces on GPUs (2007)

We present an algorithm for interactive deformation of subdivision surfaces, including displaced subdivision surfaces and subdivision surfaces with geometric textures. Our system lets the user directly manipulate the surface using freely-selected surface points as handles. During deformation the control mesh vertices are automatically adjusted such that the deforming surface satisfies the handle position constraints while preserving the original surface shape and details. To best preserve surface details, we develop a gradient domain technique that incorporates the handle position constraints and detail preserving objectives into the deformation energy. For displaced subdivision surfaces and surfaces with geometric textures, the deformation energy is highly nonlinear and cannot be handled with existing iterative solvers. To address this issue, we introduce a shell deformation solver, which replaces each numerically unstable iteration step with two stable mesh deformation operations. Our deformation algorithm only uses local operations and is thus suitable for GPU implementation. The result is a real-time deformation system running orders of magnitude faster than the state-of-the-art multigrid mesh deformation solver. We demonstrate our technique with a variety of examples, including examples of creating visually pleasing character animations in real-time by driving a subdivision surface with motion capture data.
Molecular cloning with bifunctional plasmid vectors in Bacillus subtilis: isolation of a spontaneous mutant of Bacillus subtilis with enhanced transformability for Escherichia coli-propagated chimeric plasmid DNA (1983)

Hybrid plasmid DNA cloned in Escherichia coli undergoes deletions when returned to competent Bacillus subtilis, even in defined restriction and modification mutants of strain 168. We have isolated a mutant of B. subtilis MI112 which is stably transformed at high frequency by chimeric plasmid DNA propagated in E. coli.
Usefulness of Autofluorescence Video-Monitoring to Enhanced Localization of Parathyroid Glands (2020)

Background and Objectives Near-infrared (NIR) fluorescence photo imaging provides real time parathyroid anatomy enhancement. Moreover, autofluorescence enables intraoperative virtual reality parathyroid exploration of the optical characteristics of the parathyroid gland. This study was performed to demonstrate the new technique of visualizing the parathyroid gland using video-guided autofluorescence during thyroid and parathyroid surgery and to evaluate the outcomes. This is the first study that introduces the video-monitoring technique for intraoperative parathyroid mapping.Subjects and Method A total of 26 patients underwent 18 total thyroidectomies and 8 hemithyroidectomies in 2016. Fifty-six parathyroid glands were enrolled in this study. Surgery was performed by NIR video-monitoring via thyroid lateral side dissection to find the parathyroid tissues and extract the thyroid glands. With the operation room light turned on, the parathyroid glands were identified by the video-guided autofluorescence detection technique carried out in 3 stages (P1, P2, and P3), which are imaging with surgeon’s eyes before parathyroids exposure (P1), after identification (P2), and in extracted specimen (P3).Results The parathryoid autofluorescence could be video-monitored in real time by our NIR camera system with the indoor room light turned on. Of the total 56 parathyroids, 52 were detected by fluorescence. Of these, the location of 43 glands were predicted by using the high signal in a before-exposure state and the glands were confirmed as containing parathyroid tissues [in P1, sensitivity=82.69%, positive predictive value (PPV)=100.00%]. Of the nine glands that did not show high signals in P1, seven glands visually showed fluorescence signals (in P1 and P2, sensitivity=96.15%, PPV=100.00%). One of the two glands that showed high signals in the extracted tissue was identified as parathyroid, but the other one was proved not by histologic examination by despite high intensity fluorescence signal (in P1-P3, sensitivity=100.00%, PPV=98.08%). The accuracy of video-guided parathyroid mapping in P1, P2, and P3 were 83.93%, 96.43%, and 96.43%, respectively.Conclusion This is the first study that demonstrates the parathyroid gland autofluorescence as a real-time video-monitoring technique and shows that it could be applied to real surgery. Although parathyroid autofluorescence is a phenomenon seen in the invisible wavelength, our data suggest that the operator can see the parathyroid fluorescent signal in real time on the video-monitor. This technique could help the operator to predict the gland location and preserve them safely.
Efficient Depth of Field Rasterization Using a Tile Test Based on Half‐Space Culling (2011)

Abstract For depth of field (DOF) rasterization, it is often desired to have an efficient tile versus triangle test, which can conservatively compute which samples on the lens that need to execute the sample‐in‐triangle test. We present a novel test for this, which is optimal in the sense that the region on the lens cannot be further reduced. Our test is based on removing half‐space regions of the ( u , v ) ‐space on the lens, from where the triangle definitely cannot be seen through a tile of pixels. We find the intersection of all such regions exactly, and the resulting region can be used to reduce the number of sample‐in‐triangle tests that need to be performed. Our main contribution is that the theory we develop provides a limit for how efficient a practical tile versus defocused triangle test ever can become. To verify our work, we also develop a conceptual implementation for DOF rasterization based on our new theory. We show that the number of arithmetic operations involved in the rasterization process can be reduced. More importantly, with a tile test, multi‐sampling anti‐aliasing can be used which may reduce shader executions and the related memory bandwidth usage substantially. In general, this can be translated to a performance increase and/or power savings.
Photonic time-domain electromagnetic arbitrary waveform generation (2005)

We discuss experiments in which ultrafast optical pulse shaping technology is applied for generation of arbitrarily shaped, ultrawideband voltage waveforms in the range between a few GHz and /spl sim/1 THz.
Soyoil-Ethanol Microemulsions as Diesel Fuel (1983)

ABSTRACT HYBRID fuels, formed by microemulsifying aqueous ethanol in soybean oil, were evaluated by burning them in a diesel engine. No. 2 diesel fuel was also burned to provide baseline data. The hybrid fuels performed nearly as well as No. 2 diesel despite having lower cetane numbers and less energy content. At present, the hybrid fuels are more expensive than No. 2 diesel fuel and their effect on engine durability is unknown.
Molecular transport and reaction in zeolites: Design and application of shape selective catalysts (1994)

Zeolite physical and chemical characteristics and their impact on diffusion application of diffusional transport phenomena to catalysis diffusion in zeolites - theoretical considerations measurement of molecular transport in zeolites principles of shape selectivity examples of the interplay of diffusion and reaction in shape selective reactions impact of shape selective zeolites in industrial applications.
Micromachined Thermal Imaging Mesh for Conformal Sensing System (2006)

In this paper we present the development of micromachined thermal imaging mesh for conformal sensing system. The imaging mesh consists of an m-by-n matrix of gold thermal resistor network. The sensing and processing scheme allows us to image the presence of a localized heat source over a broad piece of imaging mesh. At the same time, this approach dramatically reduces the number of sensors hence the wiring required to image a given area. The mesh is fabricated on a piece of freestanding flexible polyimide fabric. Serpentine structure is specially designed to improve the conformability of the fabric to 3D objects. Thermal imaging data are presented in this paper.
A sequential abstract machine for flat Concurrent Prolog (1988)

Abstract This paper describes a uniprocessor implementation of Flat Concurrent Prolog, based on an abstract machine and a compiler for it. The machine instruction set includes the functionality necessary to implement efficiently the parallel semantics of the language. In addition, the design includes a novel approach to the integration of a module system into a language. Both the compiler and the emulator for the abstract machine have been implemented and form the basis of Logix, a practical programming environment for Flat Concurrent Prolog. Its performance suggests that a process-oriented language need not be less efficient then a procedure-oriented language, even on a uniprocessor. In particular, it shows that a process queue and process spawning can be implemented as effectively as an activation stack and procedure calling, and thus debunks the “expensive-process-spawn myth”.