gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Interactions between the APOA5 -1131T>C and the FEN1 10154G>T polymorphisms on ω6 polyunsaturated fatty acids in serum phospholipids and coronary artery disease (2010)

We determined the contribution of the combination of FEN1 10154G>T with the most significant association in the analysis of plasma arachidonic acid (AA, 20:4ω6) and the APOA5-1131T>C on phospholipid ω6PUFA and coronary artery disease (CAD). Patients with CAD (n = 807, 27-81 years of age) and healthy controls (n = 1123) were genotyped for FEN1 10154G>T and APOA5-1131T>C. We found a significant interaction between these two genes for CAD risk (P = 0.007) adjusted for confounding factors. APOA5-1131C allele carriers had a higher CAD risk [odds ratio (OR):1.484, 95% confidence interval (CI):1.31-1.96; P = 0.005] compared with APOA5-1131TT individuals in the FEN1 10154GG genotype group but not in the FEN1 10154T allele group (OR:1.096, 95%CI:0.84-1.43; P = 0.504). Significant interactions between these two genes were also observed for the AA proportion (P = 0.04) and the ratio of AA/linoleic acid (LA, 18:2ω6) (P = 0.004) in serum phospholipids of controls. The APOA5-1131C allele was associated with lower AA (P = 0.027) and AA/LA (P = 0.014) only in controls carrying the FEN1 10154T allele. In conclusion, the interaction between these genes suggests that the FEN1 10154T variant allele decreases AA and AA/LA in the serum phospholipids of carriers of the APOA5-1131C allele, but contributes no significant increase in CAD risk for this population subset despite their increased triglylcerides and decreased apoA5.
Evidence of Time-Varying Myocardial Contribution by In Vivo Magnitude and Phase Measurement in Mice (2005)

Cardiac volume can be estimated by a conductance catheter system. Both blood and myocardium are conductive, but only the blood conductance is desired. Therefore, the parallel myocardium contribution should be removed from the total measured conductance. Several methods have been developed to estimate the contribution from myocardium, and they only determine a single steady state value for the parallel contribution. Besides, myocardium was treated as purely resistive or mainly capacitive when estimating the myocardial contribution. We question these assumptions and propose that the myocardium is both resistive and capacitive, and its contribution changes during a single cardiac cycle. In vivo magnitude and phase experiments were performed in mice to confirm this hypothesis.
Cranberry proanthocyanidins inhibit the adherence properties of Candida albicans and cytokine secretion by oral epithelial cells (2012)

AC-PACs by affecting the adherence properties of C. albicans and attenuating the inflammatory response induced by this pathogen represent potential novel therapeutic agents for the prevention/treatment of oral candidiasis.
The Effectiveness of Multitask Learning for Phenotyping with Electronic Health Records Data (2018)

Electronic phenotyping is the task of ascertaining whether an individual has a medical condition of interest by analyzing their medical record and is foundational in clinical informatics. Increasingly, electronic phenotyping is performed via supervised learning. We investigate the effectiveness of multitask learning for phenotyping using electronic health records (EHR) data. Multitask learning aims to improve model performance on a target task by jointly learning additional auxiliary tasks and has been used in disparate areas of machine learning. However, its utility when applied to EHR data has not been established, and prior work suggests that its benefits are inconsistent. We present experiments that elucidate when multitask learning with neural nets improves performance for phenotyping using EHR data relative to neural nets trained for a single phenotype and to well-tuned baselines. We find that multitask neural nets consistently outperform single-task neural nets for rare phenotypes but underperform for relatively more common phenotypes. The effect size increases as more auxiliary tasks are added. Moreover, multitask learning reduces the sensitivity of neural nets to hyperparameter settings for rare phenotypes. Last, we quantify phenotype complexity and find that neural nets trained with or without multitask learning do not improve on simple baselines unless the phenotypes are sufficiently complex.
Evaluation of Mg Compounds as Coating Materials in Mg Batteries (2019)

Mg batteries utilizing a Mg metal anode with a high-voltage intercalation cathode define a potential pathway toward energy storage with high energy density. However, the making of Mg batteries is plagued by the instability of existing electrolytes against the Mg-metal anode and high-voltage cathode materials. One viable solution to this problem is the identification of protective coating materials that could effectively separate the distinct chemistries of the metal-anode and the cathode materials from the electrolyte. Using first-principles calculations we mapped the electrochemical stability windows for non-redox-active Mg binary and ternary compounds in order to identify potential coating materials for Mg batteries. Our results identify Mg-halides and Mg(BH<sub>4</sub>)<sub>2</sub> as promising anode coating materials based on their significant reductive stability. On the cathode side, we single out MgF<sub>2</sub>, Mg(PO<sub>3</sub>)<sub>2</sub>, and MgP<sub>4</sub>O<sub>11</sub> as effective passivating agents.
A passive UHF RFID tag antenna for road marker navigation application (2015)

A rectangular spiral top-loaded UHF (910 MHz) passive RFID tag antenna is presented for road marker navigation system. The height of the antenna is reduced to 19 mm (0.057λ) in order to be enclosed in a road marker while maintaining the self-resonance and conical radiation pattern. The 10-dB operating frequency band of the antenna is 0.82%. The maximum directivity of the antenna is 4.17 dBi, and the efficiency is 85%.
Synthesis of Nanocrystalline Cellulose Stabilized Copper Nanoparticles (2016)

A chemical reduction method was employed for the synthesis of copper nanoparticles stabilized by nanocrystalline cellulose (NCC) using different concentrations of copper salt in aqueous solution under atmospheric air. CuSO 4 ·5H 2 O salt and hydrazine were used as metal ion precursor and reducing agent, respectively. Ascorbic acid and aqueous NaOH were also used as an antioxidant and a pH moderator, respectively. The number of CuNPs increased with increasing concentration of the precursor salt. The formation of copper nanoparticles stabilized by NCC (CuNPs@NCC) was investigated by UV-visible spectroscopy (UV-vis), where the surface absorption maximum was observed at 590 nm. X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis showed that the CuNPs@NCC are of a face-centered cubic structure. Moreover, the morphology of the CuNPs@NCC was investigated using transmission electron microscope (TEM) and field emission scanning electron microscope (FESEM), which showed well-dispersed CuNPs with an average particle size less than 4 nm and the shape of CuNPs was found to be spherical. Energy dispersive X-ray spectroscope (EDS) also confirmed the presence of CuNPs on the NCC. The results demonstrate that the stability of CuNPs decreases with an increasing concentration of the copper ions.
Molecular mechanisms of durg inhibition of DNA gyrase (1996)

DNA gyrase, an enzyme unique to prokaryotes, has been implicated in almost all processes that involve DNA. Although efficient inhibitors of this protein have been known for more than 20 years, none of them have enjoyed prolonged pharmaceutical success. It is only recently that the mechanisms of inhibition for some of these classes of drugs have been established unequivocally by X-ray crystallography. It is hoped that this detailed structural information will assist the design of novel, effective inhibitors of DNA gyrase.
Application of selective silicon epitaxial growth for CMOS technology (1984)

This paper describes the application of selective epltaxial growth for device isolation. An improved selective epitaxial isolation technology is presented in the fabrication of CMOS LSI. This advanced process technology results in a superior selectivity for selective silicon deposition. CMOS ring-oscillator with a twin-well structure is fabricated by using this selective epitaxial isolation technology. In contrast to LOCOS technology, it is demonstrated that this technology is useful for scaled CMOS in eliminating lateral oxidation and successful overlapping contacts due to it's steeper boundary of oxide-to-silicon isolation.
Change in plasma and erythrocyte thiol levels in children undergoing fasting studies for investigation of hypoglycaemia. (2011)

Low blood glucose concentration is associated with changes in thiol status, which compromise the protection against oxidative stress. This further supports the hypothesis of oxidative stress being associated with hypoglycaemia.
Issues in big data testing and benchmarking (2013)

The academic community and industry are currently researching and building next generation data management systems. These systems are designed to analyze data sets of high volume with high data ingest rates and short response times executing complex data analysis algorithms on data that does not adhere to relational data models. As these big data systems differ from standard relational database systems with respect to data and workloads, the traditional benchmarks used by the database community are insufficient. In this paper, we describe initial solutions and challenges with respect to big data generation, methods for creating realistic, privacy-aware, and arbitrarily scalable data sets, workloads, and benchmarks from real world data. We will in particular discuss why we feel that workloads currently discussed in the testing and benchmarking community do not capture the real complexity of big data and highlight several research challenges with respect to massively-parallel data generation and data characterization.
The Haemorrhagic Effect of Low Molecular Weight Heparins, Dermatan Sulphate and Hirudin (1995)

In a randomized, blind study the primary effect on haemostasis after intravenous administration of dermatan sulphate (DS), recombinant hirudin (r-hirudin) and four commercial low molecular weight heparins (LMWHs) (nadroparine, enoxaparin, dalteparin and tinzaparin) was investigated in rats and compared with saline (control). The tail bleeding time, the bleeding from the gastric mucosa [the mucosal bleeding time (min) and the mucosal bleeding (microliter)] as well as changes in activated partial thromboplastin time, antifactor IIa and Xa activities were investigated. DS and r-hirudin were investigated in a dose potentially suitable in thomboprophylaxis and the LMWHs in doses recommended by the manufacturers for thromboprophylaxis, adjusted to body weight. All substances significantly prolonged the mucosal bleeding time. Dalteparin, tinzaparin, DS and r-hirudin increased the mucosal bleeding when compared with controls whereas nadroparine and enoxaparin did not. The effect of r-hirudin was also significantly more pronounced compared with other treatments. Moreover, r-hirudin prolonged the tail bleeding time significantly whereas the other substances did not. The antifactor Xa activity in plasma correlated well with the given dose of the LMWHs (rs = 0.7). However, the monitored bleeding parameters in the LMWH groups did not correlate with the plasma activities of antifactor IIa or Xa. The results indicate that the tested LMWHs are not equipotent in their effect on haemostasis in this model and that antifactor IIa or Xa activities do not directly correlate with their effect on haemostasis although increased haemorrhage was observed in the LMWHs with lower antifactor Xa/antifactor IIa ratios.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Clinical impact of 20% worsening on Timed 25-foot Walk and 9-hole Peg Test in multiple sclerosis (2006)

Worsening on T25FW or 9HPT has a clinical impact on disability, as perceived by MS patients during daily life functioning.
Low-temperature synthesis of Mn0.2Ni0.2Zn0.6Fe2O4 ferrites by citrate precursor method and study of their properties (2004)

Mn0.2Ni0.2Zn0.6Fe2O4 ferrite nano-particles are processed at temperatures as low as 60 °C by the citrate precursor method. The lattice parameter is observed to increase from 8.415 to 8.438 Å with increase in calcination temperature from 60 °C to 500 °C. The increase in saturation magnetization from 19 to 43 emu/gm (A m2/kg) with increase in calcination temperature is attributed to a change in the cation distribution and random canting of particle surface spins in nanosize particles. For improved magnetic properties, samples are sintered at temperatures ranging from 1100–1400 °C. The substantial increase in initial relative permeability (from 150 to 700) with increase in sintering temperature is attributed to an increase in intra-granular domain walls. (© 2004 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Involvement of the Activin-Follistatin System in Tubular Regeneration after Renal Ischemia in Rats (2001)

This study was conducted to investigate the involvement of the activin-follistatin system in renal regeneration after ischemic injury. Expression of mRNA for the activin beta(A) subunit was not detected in normal kidneys but increased markedly after renal ischemia. Immunoreactive beta(A) subunit was detected in tubular cells of the outer medulla in ischemic but not normal kidneys. Expression of mRNA for follistatin, an antagonist of activin A, was abundant in tubular cells of the outer medulla in normal kidneys and decreased significantly after renal ischemia. For assessment of the role of the activin-follistatin system in renal regeneration after ischemic injury, recombinant follistatin was intravenously infused into rats with renal ischemia, at the time of reperfusion. Exogenous follistatin prevented the histologic changes induced by ischemic injury, reduced apoptosis in tubular cells, and accelerated tubular cell proliferation. Serum levels of creatinine and blood urea nitrogen were significantly lower in follistatin-treated rats. Conversely, intravenous administration of recombinant activin A inhibited tubular cell proliferation after ischemic injury. These results indicate that the activin-follistatin system participates in renal regeneration after ischemic injury. Follistatin administered intravenously accelerates renal regeneration after renal ischemia, presumably by blocking the actions of endogenous activin.
DNA Vaccines — Designer Vaccines for the 21st Century (1999)

Over the past 100 years, the development and widespread use of vaccines against infectious agents has been one of the triumphs of medical science. One reason for the success of these vaccines is that they excel at inducing antibodies, which are the principal agents of immune protection against most viruses and bacteria. There are, however, exceptions, including medically important intracellular organisms like Mycobacterium tuberculosis, the malarial parasite, Leishmania major, and possibly the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), in which protection depends more on cell-mediated immunity than on the induction of antibodies (humoral immunity).All currently licensed vaccines, whether they are prepared . . .
Synthesis, Characterization and Study of Antibacterial Activity of Methacrylic Copolymer (2012)

4-Benzyloxyphenylmethacrylic copolymers with Glycidyl methacrylate were synthesized from the monomer, 4-Benzyloxyphenylmethacrylate (4-BOPMA) by free radical solution polymerization. The synthesized monomer and co-polymer were characterized by UV, FT-IR, H1-NMR and C13-NMR spectroscopic techniques. The thermal stability of the polymers was determined by TGA in inert atmosphere. The glass transition temperatures of the polymers were determined by DSC analysis. The antibacterial activities of the polymers were also studied by UV spectroscopy at various concentration. The results of the TGA analysis showed that the polymers had good stability upto 250°C. Compared to homopolymer, the copolymer shows a broad spectrum of antibacterial properties.
Totipotent Embryonic Stem Cells Arise in Ground-State Culture Conditions (2013)

Embryonic stem cells (ESCs) are derived from mammalian embryos during the transition from totipotency, when individual blastomeres can make all lineages, to pluripotency, when they are competent to make only embryonic lineages. ESCs maintained with inhibitors of MEK and GSK3 (2i) are thought to represent an embryonically restricted ground state. However, we observed heterogeneous expression of the extraembryonic endoderm marker Hex in 2i-cultured embryos, suggesting that 2i blocked development prior to epiblast commitment. Similarly, 2i ESC cultures were heterogeneous and contained a Hex-positive fraction primed to differentiate into trophoblast and extraembryonic endoderm. Single Hex-positive ESCs coexpressed epiblast and extraembryonic genes and contributed to all lineages in chimeras. The cytokine LIF, necessary for ESC self-renewal, supported the expansion of this population but did not directly support Nanog-positive epiblast-like ESCs. Thus, 2i and LIF support a totipotent state comparable to early embryonic cells that coexpress embryonic and extraembryonic determinants.
Erratum: “From Paraphrase Database to Compositional Paraphrase Model and Back” (2015)

Correction to the list of authors and the acknowledgements.
Determinants of the Higher Order Association of the Restriction Factor TRIM5α and Other Tripartite Motif (TRIM) Proteins (2011)

Many tripartite motif (TRIM) proteins self-associate, forming dimers and higher order complexes. For example, dimers of TRIM5α, a host factor that restricts retrovirus infection, assemble into higher order arrays on the surface of the viral capsid, resulting in an increase in avidity. Here we show that the higher order association of different TRIM proteins exhibits a wide range of efficiencies. Homologous association (self-association) was more efficient than the heterologous association of different TRIM proteins, indicating that specificity determinants of higher order self-association exist. To investigate the structural determinants of higher order self-association, we studied TRIM mutants and chimeras. These studies revealed the following: 1) the RING domain contributes to the efficiency of higher order self-association, which enhances the binding of TRIM5α to the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV-1) capsid; 2) the RING and B-box 2 domains work together as a homologous unit to promote higher order association of dimers; 3) dimerization is probably required for efficient higher order self-association; 4) the Linker 2 region contributes to higher order self-association, independently of effects of Linker 2 changes on TRIM dimerization; and 5) for efficiently self-associating TRIM proteins, the B30.2(SPRY) domain is not required for higher order self-association. These results support a model in which both ends of the core TRIM dimer (RING-B-box 2 at one end and Linker 2 at the other) contribute to the formation of higher order arrays.
The Use of Aminoguanidine To Trap and Measure Dicarbonyl Intermediates Produced During the Maillard Reaction (1996)

Aminoguanidine, an inhibitor of the Maillard reaction functions by rapidly reacting with dicarbonyl intermediates, which are produced from Amadori compounds, converting them into stable 5- and 6- substituted 3-aminotriazine derivatives. The latter can be easily identified and quantitated (by GLC), thus allowing an assessment to be made, not only of the rate of degradation of Amadori compounds to dicarbonyl intermediates, but the type of intermediate that is formed in the reaction as well. Using a number of Amadori compounds prepared from glucose and amino acids, the results show that two different dicarbonyl compounds are produced in the reaction, namely the expected 3-deoxy-1,2-dicarbonyl derivative, but also the 1-deoxy-2,3-dicarbonyl intermediate. The latter represents an intermediate in the formation of a number of methyl furanones which are food flavor and aroma constituents.
PIP<sub>2</sub> hydrolysis underlies agonist‐induced inhibition and regulates voltage gating of two‐pore domain K<sup>+</sup> channels (2005)

Two-pore (2-P) domain potassium channels are implicated in the control of the resting membrane potential, hormonal secretion, and the amplitude, frequency and duration of the action potential. These channels are strongly regulated by hormones and neurotransmitters. Little is known, however, about the mechanism underlying their regulation. Here we show that phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate (PIP2) gating underlies several aspects of 2-P channel regulation. Our results demonstrate that all four 2-P channels tested, TASK1, TASK3, TREK1 and TRAAK are activated by PIP2. We show that mechanical stimulation may promote PIP2 activation of TRAAK channels. For TREK1, TASK1 and TASK3 channels, PIP2 hydrolysis underlies inhibition by several agonists. The kinetics of inhibition by the PIP2 scavenger polylysine, and the inhibition by the phosphatidylinositol 4-kinase inhibitor wortmannin correlated with the level of agonist-induced inhibition. This finding suggests that the strength of channel PIP2 interactions determines the extent of PLC-induced inhibition. Finally, we show that PIP2 hydrolysis modulates voltage dependence of TREK1 channels and the unrelated voltage-dependent KCNQ1 channels. Our results suggest that PIP2 is a common gating molecule for K+ channel families despite their distinct structures and physiological properties.
Methods for implementing microbeam radiation therapy (2023)

A method of performing radiation therapy includes delivering a therapeutic dose such as X-ray only to a target (e.g., tumor) with continuous broad beam (or in-effect continuous) using arrays of parallel planes of radiation (microbeams/microplanar beams). Microbeams spare normal tissues, and when interlaced at a tumor, form a broad-beam for tumor ablation. Bidirectional interlaced microbeam radiation therapy (BIMRT) uses two orthogonal arrays with inter-beam spacing equal to beam thickness. Multidirectional interlaced MRT (MIMRT) includes irradiations of arrays from several angles, which interleave at the target. Contrast agents, such as tungsten and gold, are administered to preferentially increase the target dose relative to the dose in normal tissue. Lighter elements, such as iodine and gadolinium, are used as scattering agents in conjunction with non-interleaving geometries of array(s) (e.g., unidirectional or cross-fired (intersecting) to generate a broad beam effect only within the target by preferentially increasing the valley dose within the tumor.
A Variable Threshold Voltage CMOS Comparator for Flash Analog to Digital Converter (2014)

This paper presents a variable threshold voltage CMOS comparator for flash analog to digital converter. The proposed comparator has single-ended type of architecture. The comparator is designed and analyzed by Cadence Virtuoso Analog Design Environment using UMC 180nm technology. The proposed comparator consumes peak power of 34.97 W from 1.8 V power supply. It achieves the power delay product (PDP) of 8 fJ and propagation delay of 230 ps. The designed comparator eliminates the requirement of resistive ladder network for reference voltage generation. This makes it highly suitable in the design of flash analog to digital converter.
Genetics and Regulation of Nitrogen Fixation in Free-Living Bacteria (2005)

Genetics and Regulation of Nitrogen-Fixing Bacteria This book is the second volume of a seven-volume series, which covers all fields of research related to nitrogen fixation - from basic studies throu