gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Pyrolysis of halodisilanes and the formation and insertion reactions of chlorosilylene and fluorosilylene (1973)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTPyrolysis of halodisilanes and the formation and insertion reactions of chlorosilylene and fluorosilyleneR. L. Jenkins, A. J. Vandersielen, S. P. Ruis, S. R. Gird, and M. A. RingCite this: Inorg. Chem. 1973, 12, 12, 2968–2972Publication Date (Print):December 1, 1973Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 December 1973https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ic50130a046https://doi.org/10.1021/ic50130a046research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views125Altmetric-Citations36LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Advances in Direct Methanol Fuel Cells at JPL (1993)

A new liquid feed direct methanol fuel cell has been developed based on a proton exchange membrane electrolyte and Pt/Ru and Pt catalyzed carbon fuel and air/O2 electrodes respectively.
Circular Mixture Modeling of Color Distribution for Blind Stain Separation in Pathology Images (2015)

In digital pathology, to address color variation and histological component colocalization in pathology images, stain decomposition is usually performed preceding spectral normalization and tissue component segmentation. This paper examines the problem of stain decomposition, which is a naturally nonnegative matrix factorization (NMF) problem in algebra, and introduces a systematical and analytical solution consisting of a circular color analysis module and an NMF-based computation module. Unlike the paradigm of existing stain decomposition algorithms where stain proportions are computed from estimated stain spectra using a matrix inverse operation directly, the introduced solution estimates stain spectra and stain depths via probabilistic reasoning individually. Since the proposed method pays extra attentions to achromatic pixels in color analysis and stain co-occurrence in pixel clustering, it achieves consistent and reliable stain decomposition with minimum decomposition residue. Particularly, aware of the periodic and angular nature of hue, we propose the use of a circular von Mises mixture model to analyze the hue distribution, and provide a complete color-based pixel soft-clustering solution to address color mixing introduced by stain overlap. This innovation combined with saturation-weighted computation makes our study effective for weak stains and broad-spectrum stains. Extensive experimentation on multiple public pathology datasets suggests that our approach outperforms state-of-the-art blind stain separation methods in terms of decomposition effectiveness.
Towards a general framework for secure MapReduce computation on hybrid clouds (2013)

The idea of a hybrid cloud is to combine a private cloud (e.g., an organization's in-house private datacenter) together with a public cloud (e.g., Amazon EC2). Hybrid cloud computing offers increased scalability and cost-effectiveness: the private cloud can be used for typical workloads, but when additional resources are needed during peak computations, the public cloud is harnessed. This hybrid cloud architecture has already gained adoption [1] and is still undergoing rapid development [4].
Early discontinuation of antibiotic treatment in newborn admitted to rule out sepsis (1994)

We developed a decision rule to define a group of newborns eligible for discontinuation of antibiotic treatment 24 hours after initiation. The decision rule is based on two clinical assessments, three demographic variables, four maternal risk factors and six laboratory studies. The rule was created by retrospective analysis of all admissions to rule out sepsis at 10 Kaiser Permanente Northern California Region nurseries during a 2-month period in 1990. Of the 214 study subjects, 11 (5%) had a positive bacterial or viral culture result. No deaths occurred, but three babies who had negative culture results experienced late deterioration (after 24 hours in the special care nursery). After 24 hours of antibiotic treatment, 133 (67%) of the 199 babies who had negative culture results were asymptomatic, 36 (18%) had clear signs of illness and 30 (15%) had questionable signs of illness. The rule correctly identified all babies with positive culture results as well as all persistently symptomatic babies with negative culture results. The rule also identified 57 low-risk babies eligible for only 24 hours of antibiotic treatment. We tested the rule on a second data set. The rule identified 19 of 20 newborns with positive culture results in this independent group. The 20th baby was not identified because a required test (complete blood count at 12 to 24 hours of age) was not done. Under controlled clinical conditions, this baby could have returned to the nursery to complete antibiotic treatment. We concluded that early discontinuation of antibiotic treatment in selected newborns is safe and could lead to a 1 to 2% decrease in special care nursery days in our 10 hospitals.
Re-Creating the Rainbow Bridge (2000)

A team of American and Chinese experts constructed a pier-free arch bridge in China based only on a 12\ut\uh century silk scroll painting as part of a television series for PBS. The bridge consists of two arch frames—one three sided, one four-sided—that are “woven” together around cross-beams and tied with bamboo. Though the bridge is made of short, straight timbers, it gives the appearance of a gracefully curved arch. The design and construction were approached as they would have been in 12\ut\uh century China, resulting in a cross-cultural collaboration that was both stimulating and rewarding.
SrRuO 3 / SrTiO 3 / SrRuO 3 heterostructures for magnetic tunnel junctions (2003)

We report on the growth and characterization of SrRuO3 single layers and SrRuO3/SrTiO3/SrRuO3 heterostructures grown on SrTiO3(100) substrates. The thickness dependence of the coercivity was determined for these single layers. Heterostructures with barrier thickness tb=1, 2.5, and 4 nm were fabricated, with electrodes having thickness ranging from 10 to 100 nm. The hysteresis loops of heterostructures with tb=2.5 nm, 4 nm reveal uncoupled magnetic switching of the electrodes. Therefore, these heterostructures can be used for the fabrication of magnetic tunneling junctions.
i‐Patch: Interprotein contact prediction using local network information (2010)

Biological processes are commonly controlled by precise protein-protein interactions. These connections rely on specific amino acids at the binding interfaces. Here we predict the binding residues of such interprotein complexes. We have developed a suite of methods, i-Patch, which predict the interprotein contact sites by considering the two proteins as a network, with residues as nodes and contacts as edges. i-Patch starts with two proteins, A and B, which are assumed to interact, but for which the structure of the complex is not available. However, we assume that for each protein, we have a reference structure and a multiple sequence alignment of homologues. i-Patch then uses the propensities of patches of residues to interact, to predict interprotein contact sites. i-Patch outperforms several other tested algorithms for prediction of interprotein contact sites. It gives 59% precision with 20% recall on a blind test set of 31 protein pairs. Combining the i-Patch scores with an existing correlated mutation algorithm, McBASC, using a logistic model gave little improvement. Results from a case study, on bacterial chemotaxis protein complexes, demonstrate that our predictions can identify contact residues, as well as suggesting unknown interfaces in multiprotein complexes.
Simple switched-capacitor decimation circuit (1981)

A simple SC decimation circuit is presented that simplifies the requirements for the preceding continuous-time antialiasing filter and permits the sampling frequency of the following SC filter to be reduced considerably. A practical example is given.
Dactolisib (NVP-BEZ235) toxicity in murine brain tumour models (2016)

Taken together, our results suggest that despite the anti-neoplastic efficacy of dactolisib in glioma treatment in vitro, its utility in vivo is questionable due to toxicity.
An update on mandibular advancement devices for the treatment of obstructive sleep apnoea hypopnoea syndrome (2018)

Continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) remains the gold standard treatment for obstructive sleep apnoea hypopnoea syndrome (OSAHS). However, the high efficacy of CPAP is offset by intolerance and poor compliance, which can undermine effectiveness. This means that alternatives to CPAP are also necessary. In recent years, oral appliances have emerged as the leading alternative to CPAP. There is now a strong body of evidence supporting their use in OSAHS and clinical guidelines now recommend their use in mild OSAHS and in more severe cases when CPAP fails. These devices are by no means a homogenous group as they differ greatly in both design and action. The most commonly used appliances are mandibular advancement devices (MAD) that increase airway diameter with soft tissue displacement achieved by mandibular protrusion. Despite the growing evidence, there are still barriers to MAD provision. Their effectiveness can be difficult to predict and there is debate about the required level of design sophistication. These uncertainties prevent more widespread inclusion of MAD within clinical sleep services. This review will focus on the efficacy, effectiveness, design features, side-effects of and patient selection for MAD therapy. Comparison will also be made between MAD and CPAP therapy.
Instrumentation for distraction by limited surgery in scoliosis treatment (1981)

A principle for secondary instrumental spinal distraction by a rod appliance of the Knodt and Harrington types is described. The principle entails of the rotation of the screw rod by wire traction. The wire is, in a secondary procedure, unwound from a wire barrel mounted onto the screw rod in the primary operative procedure. The study describes the devices employed, modified according to the wire traction--instrument distraction principle. Previous results from intra-vital studies of the Harrington instrumentation have been reported from experiments performed. Thus, a final distraction force of 18 kp effected for correction of a scoliosis curvature, was taken as a value of distraction prior to secondary instrumental distraction by wire traction. In the extra vital study, the wire traction was adjusted to surmount a compressive force of 20 kpby means of a Bessmann weight scale. Wire traction created a distraction force of 39.5 kp, and a metric distraction, from the position resulting from 20 kp distraction to that resulting from 39.5 kp distraction, of 2.8 mm, which was considered to affect the prevailing scoliosis geometry to a considerable and sufficient extent.
Testosterone Stimulates Insulin-Like Growth Factor-I and Insulin-Like Growth Factor-I-Receptor Gene Expression in the Mandibular Condyle—A Model of Endochondral Ossification (1999)

Puberty is associated with an increase in the plasma concentration of sex steroids, GH, and insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I). Gonadal steroid hormones are important for the normal pubertal growth spurt and skeletal growth. The mechanism by which gonadal steroids induce skeletal growth is still not fully understood. To better understand the direct effect sex steroids have on bone growth, we studied an isolated organ culture system of the mandibular condyle, derived from 3.5-5.5-week-old male and female mice. We found that testosterone 10(-6) M, but not estradiol, stimulated thymidine incorporation into the DNA of male-derived condyle. Three days of testosterone treatment doubled the condyle size and increased the chondroprogenitor zone, while maintaining the normal gradient of the developing chondrocytes. Immunohistochemistry and in situ hybridization techniques showed that testosterone stimulated IGF-I and IGF-I-R and their messenger RNAs (mRNAs) mainly in the mature chondrocyte layer. Immunoneutralization of IGF-I in the testosterone-treated condyle caused the disappearance of the chondroblast and young chondrocyte layers, though the progenitor cell layer remained almost unaffected. Overtreatment with testosterone (dose or duration) accelerated condylar ossification. In the presence of testosterone 10(-5) M (high dose), calcification "climbs" up to the chondroprogenitor zone, and most of the condylar chondrocytes are replaced by bone tissue. Similar changes occurred after 7 days of testosterone treatment (long duration) with 10(-6) M. In conclusion, testosterone stimulates growth and local production of IGF-I and IGF-I-R in chondrocyte cell layers of an isolated organ culture of mice mandibular condyle. Part of the effect testosterone has on condylar growth is mediated by IGF-I.
A novel algorithmic synchronisation technique for OFDM based wireless multimedia communications (2003)

This paper proposes a scheme based on an algorithm for synchronising OFDM systems. Different types of synchronisation techniques are discussed. It is found that every existing synchronisation scheme has certain advantages and disadvantages. An alternative scheme based on an algorithm is proposed. In the proposed scheme, the best features of each existing synchronisation scheme are integrated into a whole, yielding an optimum approach to OFDM synchronisation. The implementation retains the inherent simplicity of OFDM systems, without any circuit complications and is therefore, suitable for hardware realisation.
Glycosaminoglycans in the Human Cornea: Age-Related Changes (2015)

GAGs of the human cornea undergo numerous age-related changes. Their quantity is significantly altered in the elderly in comparison with younger subjects. GAGs play an important role in age-related diseases of the human cornea.
High UV/solar rejection ratios in GaN/AlGaN/GaN p-i-n photodiodes (2001)

The solar-blind detection capability of heterostructure diodes employing an i-Al/sub 0.33/Ga/sub 0.67/N layer sandwiched between two doped GaN layers is investigated via simulations using MEDICI. It is shown that the introduction of quantum features, such as InGaN quantum wells and delta-doped regions of p-Al/sub 0.33/Ge/sub 0.67/N, can successfully suppress the current due to photogeneration in the low-bandgap GaN regions, leading to UV/solar rejection ratios of over three orders of magnitude.
Quantum well interferometric modulator monolithically integrated with 1.55 μm tunable distributed Bragg reflector laser (1992)

The first monolithically integrated laser/interferometric modulator is reported. The total chip length of 2.5 mm includes a 970 μm-long strained InGaAs/InGaAsP quantum well gain section, a 230 μm-long wavelength tuning section containing a distributed Bragg reflector grating, and an 800 μm-long active length Mach-Zehnder modulator based on electrorefractive InGaAsP/InP quantum wells. 4 V pushpull drive voltage produces 12.5 dB modulation depth with −9 dBm optical power coupled into a cleaved fibre.
Are advanced DfT structures sufficient for preventing scan-attacks? (2012)

Standard Design for Testability (DfT) structures are well known as potential sources of confidential information leakage. Scan-based attacks have been reported in publications since the early 2000s. It has been shown for instance that the secret key for symmetric encryption standards (DES, AES) could be retrieved from information gathered on scan-out pins when scan-chains are fully observed through these pins. However DfT practices have progressed to adapt to large and complex designs such as test response compaction, associated X-masking structure, partial scan, etc. As a side effect, these techniques mask part of the information collected on scan outputs. Thus, at first glance, they may appear as countermeasures against scan-based attacks. Nevertheless, in this paper we show that DfT structures, regardless of their nature, do not inherently enhance security and that specific additional countermeasures are still needed. We propose a new-scan attack able to deal with designs where only part of the internal circuit's state is observed for test purpose.
Inhibition of <i>Mycobacterium tuberculosis</i> Pantothenate Synthetase by Analogues of the Reaction Intermediate (2008)

Get stuck in: Pantothenate synthetase is an attractive target for the development of novel small-molecule drugs against Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Three related sulfamoyl adenylate inhibitors were designed to closely mimic the structure of the reaction intermediate, pantoyl adenylate. The most potent inhibitor exhibited dissociation and inhibition constants of about 100 nM. The structural elucidation of the compounds bound to the enzyme will aid development of subsequent inhibitors. Detailed facts of importance to specialist readers are published as ”Supporting Information”. Such documents are peer-reviewed, but not copy-edited or typeset. They are made available as submitted by the authors. Please note: The publisher is not responsible for the content or functionality of any supporting information supplied by the authors. Any queries (other than missing content) should be directed to the corresponding author for the article.
Thrombin-Activatable Fibrinolysis Inhibitor Antigen Levels and Cardiovascular Risk Factors (2000)

Thrombin-activatable fibrinolysis inhibitor (TAFI) is a recently described fibrinolysis inhibitor that circulates in plasma as a procarboxypeptidase and is converted into an active form during coagulation. The physiological relevance of TAFI is not known, but it might be involved in pathways regulating fibrin deposition. Our aim was to determine the interindividual variability of plasma TAFI antigen values and their associations with conventional cardiovascular risk factors. Six hundred twenty-six consecutive patients (277 men) attending a metabolic ward for primary prevention were studied. TAFI antigen presented a large range of values, with a 2- to 3-fold increase between the 10th and 90th percentiles. No difference was observed between the 2 sexes. A significant correlation was observed between age and TAFI levels in women only. After adjustment for age, TAFI antigen was positively correlated in men for the waist-to-hip circumference ratio and blood pressure, whereas no significant correlation was observed in women. Stepwise multiple linear regression analysis indicated a low contribution of the parameters studied to the variability of TAFI antigen levels; the waist-to-hip circumference ratio accounted for only 2% in men, and age accounted for only 3% in women. Results were compared with those of fibrinogen and plasminogen activator inhibitor-1; cardiovascular risk factors in men and women accounted for 16% and 9. 5%, respectively, of the fibrinogen variance and 36% and 32%, respectively, of the plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 variance. These observations did not attribute an important role to lifestyle characteristics in the control of TAFI antigen concentration in plasma. Because of the large interindividual variability of TAFI levels in plasma, genetic control may be involved.
Transition from Deep Regional Blocks toward Deep Nerve Hydrodissection in the Upper Body and Torso: Method Description and Results from a Retrospective Chart Review of the Analgesic Effect of 5% Dextrose Water as the Primary Hydrodissection Injectate to Enhance Safety (2017)

Deep nerve hydrodissection uses fluid injection under pressure to purposely separate nerves from areas of suspected fascial compression, which are increasingly viewed as potential perpetuating factors in recalcitrant neuropathic pain/complex regional pain. The usage of 5% dextrose water (D5W) as a primary injectate for hydrodissection, with or without low dose anesthetic, could limit anesthetic-related toxicity. An analgesic effect of 5% dextrose water (D5W) upon perineural injection in patients with chronic neuropathic pain has recently been described. Here we describe ultrasound-guided methods for hydrodissection of deep nerve structures in the upper torso, including the stellate ganglion, brachial plexus, cervical nerve roots, and paravertebral spaces. We retrospectively reviewed the outcomes of 100 hydrodissection treatments in 26 consecutive cases with a neuropathic pain duration of 16 ± 12.2 months and the mean Numeric Pain Rating Scale (NPRS) 0-10 pain level of 8.3 ± 1.3. The mean percentage of analgesia during each treatment session involving D5W injection without anesthetic was 88.1% ± 9.8%. The pretreatment Numeric Pain Rating Scale score of 8.3 ± 1.3 improved to 1.9 ± 0.9 at 2 months after the last treatment. Patients received 3.8 ± 2.6 treatments over 9.7 ± 7.8 months from the first treatment to the 2-month posttreatment follow-up. Pain improvement exceeded 50% in all cases and 75% in half. Our results confirm the analgesic effect of D5W injection and suggest that hydrodissection using D5W provides cumulative pain reduction.
Conclusion: Macbeth (1993)

The violent act, as we have seen, has been naturalized by patriarchal social formations. Violence stands as one of the most flexible practices in the social structure and has been appropriated in most societies as the prerogative of the state. As a matter of social necessity the unsanctioned use of violence is constructed and understood as contrary to the public interest and is made illegal in order to protect both the potential victims of violence and the interests of those for whom it is a means of control, in particular those who dominate and direct state authority. We need to be careful, of course, to recognize what is meant by the ‘state’, and to distinguish that entity from the more merely artificial entities which it includes, such as political parties and interest groups whose variety and boldness will depend upon the state’s capacity to absorb and contain dissent and opposition. The state is all of its parts as well as the political ideology which determines its modes of maintaining power — only a revolution which replaces that ideology can fundamentally change the form of the state.