gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Identifying Human Emotions from Facial Expressions with Deep Learning (2020)

The identification of facial expressions that reveal human emotions can help computers to better assess the human state of mind, so as to provide a more customized interaction. We explore the recognition of human facial expressions through a deep learning approach using a Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) algorithm. The system uses a labelled data set containing around 32,298 images with multiple facial expressions for training and testing. The pre-training phase involves a face detection subsystem with noise removal, including feature extraction. The generated classification model used for prediction can identify seven emotions of the Facial Action Coding System (FACS). Results of our work in progress demonstrate an accuracy of 79.8% for the recognition of all basic seven human emotions, without the application of optimization techniques.
Popularity-based partial caching for Information Centric Networks (2016)

Information Centric Networking (ICN) is a proposal for a future network architecture that relies on in-network caching. While still an open problem, the default caching strategy in current ICN implementations is that routers cache everything that passes through them. It has been shown in previous work, that such a universal mode of caching is inefficient and highly redundant. In this work, we propose two popularity based caching schemes for Named Data Networking (NDN) that progressively cache file chunks as the file gets more popular. We compare our schemes with universal caching and other popularity based caching schemes and show that, for particular cache sizes, our schemes achieve higher cache hit rates, lower hop counts and hence, lower delivery delays. We also emulate content popularity dynamics on ndnSIM by simulating spatial and temporal locality of content items and study its effect on our popularity-based caching schemes.
Automatic configuration of spatially consistent mouse pointer navigation in multi-display environments (2010)

Multi-display environments combine displays of various form factors into a common interaction space. Cross-display navigation techniques have to provide transitions to move the mouse pointer across display boundaries to reach distant display locations. A spatially consistent description of display relationships thereby supports fluid cross-display navigation. In this paper, we present two spatially consistent navigation techniques for seamless cross-display navigation in multi-user multi-display environments. These navigation techniques are automatically configured from a spatial model of the environment, which is generated in a camera-assisted calibration step. We describe the implementation in a distributed system and present results of a comparative experiment.
50.2: Cholesteric Liquid Crystal Micro‐Capsules with a Perpendicular Alignment Shell for Photo‐Addressable Electronic Paper (2005)

Abstract Cholesteric liquid crystal micro‐capsules (CLC‐MCs) with a perpendicular alignment shell were investigated. The CLC‐MC cell showed high contrast ratio up to 17:1, reflectance over 30% and uncolored white appearance in bright state. A photo‐addressable electronic paper using the CLC‐MC and an organic photoconductor was also demonstrated.
On inferring autonomous system relationships in the Internet (2001)

The Internet consists of rapidly increasing number of hosts interconnected by constantly evolving networks of links and routers. Interdomain routing in the Internet is coordinated by the Border Gateway Protocol (BGP). The BGP allows each autonomous system (AS) to choose its own administrative policy in selecting routes and propagating reachability information to others. These routing policies are constrained by the contractual commercial agreements between administrative domains. For example, an AS sets its policy so that it does not provide transit services between its providers. Such policies imply that AS relationships are an important aspect of the Internet structure. We propose an augmented AS graph representation that classifies AS relationships into customer-provider, peering, and sibling relationships. We classify the types of routes that can appear in BGP routing tables based on the relationships between the ASs in the path and present heuristic algorithms that infer AS relationships from BGP routing tables. The algorithms are tested on publicly available BGP routing tables. We verify our inference results with AT&T internal information on its relationship with neighboring ASs. As much as 99.1% of our inference results are confirmed by the AT&T internal information. We also verify our inferred sibling relationships with the information acquired from the WHOIS lookup service. More than half of our inferred sibling-to-sibling relationships are confirmed by the WHOIS lookup service. To the best of our knowledge, there has been no publicly available information about AS relationships and this is the first attempt in understanding and inferring AS relationships in the Internet. We show evidence that some routing table entries stem from router misconfigurations.
TWIN SISTER OF FT (TSF) Acts as a Floral Pathway Integrator Redundantly with FT (2005)

In Arabidopsis, several genetic pathways controlling the floral transition (flowering) are integrated at the transcriptional regulation of FT, LFY and SOC1. TSF is the closest homolog of FT in Arabidopsis. TSF expression was induced rapidly upon activation of CONSTANS (CO). The mRNA levels of TSF and FT showed similar patterns of diurnal oscillation and response to photoperiods: an evening peak, higher levels in long day (LD) than in short day (SD) conditions, and immediate up-regulation upon day-length extension. These observations suggest that TSF is a direct regulatory target of CO. tsf mutation delayed flowering in SD conditions and enhanced the phenotype of ft in both LD and SD conditions. TSF and FT also shared similar modes of regulation by FLC, an integrator of autonomous and vernalization pathways, and other factors such as EBS and PHYB. Consistently, TSF overexpression caused a precocious flowering phenotype independent of photoperiods or CO, or FLC. These observations suggest that TSF is a new member of the floral pathway integrators and promotes flowering largely redundantly with FT but makes a distinct contribution in SD conditions. TSF and FT seem to act independently of each other and of LFY, and partially upstream of SOC1. Interestingly, the expression patterns of TSF and FT in seedlings did not overlap, although both were expressed in the phloem tissues. Our work revealed additional complexity and spatial aspects of the regulatory network at the pathway integration level. We propose that the phloem is the site where multiple regulatory pathways are integrated at the transcriptional regulation of FT and TSF.
Imatinib may be ABL to improve anti-angiogenic therapy (2015)

We recently reported that neuropilin 1 (NRP1) drives angiogenesis by promoting extracellular matrix signaling in endothelial cells via ABL1 kinase. Imatinib targets this pathway in pathological angiogenesis and may provide a novel opportunity for anti-angiogenic therapy of age-related macular degeneration, proliferative diabetic retinopathy, or solid tumor growth.
Einleitung (2009)

Dieses Vorwort von Franz Beckenbauer aus einem Buch „über die Ausländer der Bundesliga“ könnte tatsächlich auch für diese Arbeit geschrieben worden sein. In diesem kurzen Auszug finden sich viele jener Eigentümlichkeiten des Fußballs, die mich auf die Idee zu dieser Untersuchung gebracht haben. Bemerkenswert ist vor allem die Art und Weise, in der nationale und ethnische Stereotypisierungen verwendet werden, die uns aus der Fußballberichterstattung vertraut sind, die wir aber gleichzeitig in keinem anderen sozialen Kontext als dem Fußball für legitim erachten. Nirgendwo anders als im Fußball wird so selbstverständlich über „angeborene“ Merkmale von Afrikanern oder „Nord- und Südländern“ sinniert, nirgendwo sonst kann man in unserer Gesellschaft tausende Menschen beobachten, die sich dabei amüsieren, inbrünstig die Nationalhymne zu singen oder sich die Gesichter in den Farben ihres Herkunftslandes anzumalen. Und das Erstaunlichste dabei ist, dass diese Verhaltensweisen uns ganz normal erscheinen.
Grounded Video Description (2019)

Video description is one of the most challenging problems in vision and language understanding due to the large variability both on the video and language side. Models, hence, typically shortcut the difficulty in recognition and generate plausible sentences that are based on priors but are not necessarily grounded in the video. In this work, we explicitly link the sentence to the evidence in the video by annotating each noun phrase in a sentence with the corresponding bounding box in one of the frames of a video. Our dataset, ActivityNet-Entities, augments the challenging ActivityNet Captions dataset with 158k bounding box annotations, each grounding a noun phrase. This allows training video description models with this data, and importantly, evaluate how grounded or "true" such model are to the video they describe. To generate grounded captions, we propose a novel video description model which is able to exploit these bounding box annotations. We demonstrate the effectiveness of our model on our dataset, but also show how it can be applied to image description on the Flickr30k Entities dataset. We achieve state-of-the-art performance on video description, video paragraph description, and image description and demonstrate our generated sentences are better grounded in the video.
PEG-Farnesylthiosalicylate Conjugate as a Nanomicellar Carrier for Delivery of Paclitaxel (2013)

S-trans, trans-farnesylthiosalicylic acid (FTS) is a synthetic small molecule that acts as a potent and especially nontoxic Ras antagonist. It inhibits both oncogenically activated Ras and growth factor receptor-mediated Ras activation, resulting in the inhibition of Ras-dependent tumor growth. In this work, an FTS conjugate with poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) through a labile ester linkage, PEG5K-FTS2(L), was developed. PEG5K-FTS2 conjugate readily forms micelles in aqueous solutions with a critical micelle concentration of 0.68 μM, and hydrophobic drugs such as paclitaxel (PTX) could be effectively loaded into these particles. Both drug-free and PTX-loaded micelles were spherical in shape with a uniform size of 20-30 nm. The release of PTX from PTX-loaded PEG5K-FTS2 micelles was significantly slower than that from Taxol formulation. In vitro cytotoxicity studies with several tumor cell lines showed that PEG5K-FTS2(L) was comparable to FTS in antitumor activity. Western immunoblotting showed that total Ras levels were downregulated in several cancer cell lines treated with FTS or PEG5K-FTS2(L). The micellar formulation of PTX exhibited more in vitro cytotoxic activity against several tumor cell lines compared with free PTX, suggesting a possible synergistic effect between the carrier and the codelivered drug. The antitumor activity of the PTX loaded PEG5K-FTS2(L) micelles in a syngeneic murine breast cancer model was found to be significantly higher than that of Taxol, which may be attributed to their preferential tumor accumulation and a possible synergistic effect between PEG5K-FTS2 carrier and loaded PTX.
Clustering of Molecular Alterations in Gastroesophageal Carcinomas (2004)

Gene expression levels are regulated at many levels. Integration of genome-wide analyses for the study of DNA and RNA provides a unique tool to detect genetic alterations in the cancer genome. In this study, we generated and integrated DNA amplification data from comparative genomic hybridization (CGH) and serial analyses of gene expression (SAGE) in order to obtain a molecular profile of gastroesophageal junction (GEJ) carcinomas. DNA amplifications mapped to specific chromosomal regions and were frequently seen at 1q, 4q, 5q, 6p, 7p, 8q, 17q, and 20q. Using SAGE, we obtained over 156,432 tags from GEJ adenocarcinomas and normal gastric mucosa. These tags were assigned to UniGene clusters. Chromosomal positions for overexpressed genes were obtained to produce a GEJ carcinoma transcriptome map. A total of 123 genes was significantly overexpressed (more than fivefold; P <.01) in one or more SAGE libraries. This gene overexpression map was integrated and compared to the chromosomal CGH ideogram. Several chromosomal arms that had frequent DNA amplifications showed frequent gene expression alterations such as chromosomes 1 (15 genes), 2 (9 genes), 6 (6 genes), 11 (6 genes), 12 (8 genes), and 17 (13 genes). Despite the relatively large DNA amplification regions, overexpressed genes frequently mapped and clustered to small chromosomal regions at early-replicating (Giemsa light) bands such as 1q21.3 (nine genes), 6p21.3 (five genes), and 17q21 (eight genes). These results provide a comprehensive tool to search for DNA amplifications and overexpressed genes in GEJ carcinoma. The observed phenomenon of the presence of large amplification areas, yet clustering of overexpressed genes to relatively small loci, may suggest a high organization of chromatin and cancer-related genes in the nucleus.
Investigation of the catalytic oxidation of benzene to maleic anhydride by wave front analysis with respect to the application of periodic operation (1983)

Abstract A kinetic analysis of the partial oxidation of benzene to maleic anhydride over a Merck, Sharp and Dohme developed V 2 O 5 ‐MoO 3 /TiO 2 catalyst shows that partial oxidation proceeds through surface reduction, induction and collapse phases. In each, surface species and reactions are different. The reduction/induction phases correspond to a “ignited” state whereas the collapse phase is similar to an extinguished state familiar in the catalytic oxidation of CO. Selectivity to maleic anhydride is lower in the extinguished state. Periodic operation should offer a means to keep selectivity high provided the cycle period does not exceed just a few minutes. Improvement in selectivity of close to 100% has been attained by periodic switching of the feed composition between mixtures containing oxygen and benzene in ratios of 2.4 and 4.6 with periods between 1/2 and 6 minutes. Benzene conversion, however, is lower.
Streptococcus pneumoniae-stimulated macrophages induce neutrophils to emigrate by a CD18-independent mechanism of adherence. (1990)

Neutrophil adherence to and emigration across endothelium are in large part dependent upon the neutrophil membrane CD11/CD18 glycoprotein complex. Recently, however, we have demonstrated that some stimuli can elicit neutrophil emigration in the lung by a CD18-independent pathway. We examined further the mechanism involved in CD18-independent emigration in a rabbit model of inflamed peritoneum. Neutrophil emigration in the peritoneum induced by instillation of E. coli and S. pneumoniae was studied under four experimental conditions: Group 1--normal peritoneum, Group 2--peritoneum primed with protease peptone to increase the number of macrophages, Group 3--peritoneum treated by protease peptone instillation and then depleted of the increased macrophage population, and Group 4--peritoneum with macrophages transplanted from animals enriched as in Group 2. Experiments were run in pairs with animals in each group assigned to receive either saline (control) or monoclonal antibody (MAb) 60.3 prior to bacterial instillation in the peritoneum. Neutrophil emigration in response to E. coli was greater than 86% inhibited by MAb 60.3 in both the normal and the macrophage-enriched peritoneum. Neutrophil emigration in response to S. pneumoniae was inhibited greater than 85% in the normal peritoneum and the macrophage-enriched and the transplanted macrophage peritoneum. These data indicate that macrophages can augment PMN emigration by a non-CD18 mechanism, and may explain the increased sensitivity of organs with large resident macrophage populations, liver and lung, to injury following shock and sepsis.
Biophotolysis of water: the light saturation curves (1984)

Photosynthetic light saturation curves for the steady-state simultaneous photoproduction of molecular hydrogen and oxygen have been measured for the first time. Both in vitro and in vivo systems have been studied. The in vitro system was composed of isolated spinach chloroplasts, ferredoxin and hydrogenase. The in vivo systems were the anaerobically adapted intact eukaryotic green algae Scenedesmus D 3 and Chlamydomonas reinhardtii. The following results have been obtained: (1) the stoichiometric ratio of hydrogen to oxygen is light-dependent and, in general, not equal to two; (2) the ratios of the light-saturated rates were greater than 2 for all of the systems studied; (3) far-red 700 nm) light, as expected, greatly increased the ratio of hydrogen to oxygen; (4) the light-saturation curves for the simultaneous photoproduction of hydrogen and oxygen do not have the same analytical shapes; a higher light intensity is required to saturate the hydrogen curve than is required for the oxygen curve. Although the measured light-saturated rate of electron transport in the biophotolytic mode (hydrogen and oxygen evolution) is much less than that of normal photosynthesis, these experiments indicate that the biophotolysis of water is a strict analog of normal photosynthesis.
Localization of Mad2 to Kinetochores Depends on Microtubule Attachment, Not Tension (1998)

A single unattached kinetochore can delay anaphase onset in mitotic tissue culture cells (Rieder, C.L., A. Schultz, R. Cole, G. Sluder. 1994. J. Cell Biol. 127:1301-1310). Kinetochores in vertebrate cells contain multiple binding sites, and tension is generated at kinetochores after attachment to the plus ends of spindle microtubules. Checkpoint component Mad2 localizes selectively to unattached kinetochores (Chen, R.-H., J.C. Waters, E.D. Salmon, and A.W. Murray. 1996. Science. 274:242-246; Li, Y., and R. Benezra. Science. 274: 246-248) and disappears from kinetochores by late metaphase, when chromosomes are properly attached to the spindle. Here we show that Mad2 is lost from PtK1 cell kinetochores as they accumulate microtubules and re-binds previously attached kinetochores after microtubules are depolymerized with nocodazole. We also show that when kinetochore microtubules in metaphase cells are stabilized with taxol, tension at kinetochores is lost. The phosphoepitope 3f3/2, which has been shown to become dephosphorylated in response to tension at the kinetochore (Nicklas, R.B., S.C. Ward, and G.J. Gorbsky. 1995. J. Cell Biol. 130:929-939), is phosphorylated on all 22 kinetochores after tension is reduced with taxol. In contrast, Mad2 only localized to an average of 2.6 out of the 22 kinetochores in taxol-treated PtK1 cells. Therefore, loss of tension at kinetochores occupied by microtubules is insufficient to induce Mad2 to accumulate on kinetochores, whereas unattached kinetochores consistently bind Mad2. We also found that microinjecting antibodies against Mad2 caused cells arrested with taxol to exit mitosis after approximately 12 min, while uninjected cells remained in mitosis for at least 6 h, demonstrating that Mad2 is necessary for maintenance of the taxol-induced mitotic arrest. We conclude that kinetochore microtubule attachment stops the Mad2 interactions at kinetochores which are important for inhibiting anaphase onset.
Phase noise improvement and noise modeling of type-I ADPLL with non-linear quantization effects (2014)

This paper presents a phase noise improvement method for fine tuning of type-I ADPLL by exploiting its nonlinear quantization effects. When quantization step approaches the same orders of magnitude of standard deviation of input noise, quantization effects become nonlinear, and additive noise modeling of quantization effects is no longer applicable. By proper offsetting the input signals in this case, the feedback loop of ADPLL can be very sensitive to frequency phase deviation. It results in a larger loop bandwidth, and in turn smaller in-band phase noise than in linear quantization case. A theoretic s-domain noise model is proposed to quantify the phase noise in nonlinear case. Results are verified in Modelsim simulations. Proposed method offers possibility of achieving lower phase noise by lower quantization resolution and less circuit design efforts.
A balance screening tool for older people: Reliability and validity (2006)

Balance screening within therapy assessments for older clients is an efficient method to assess a client's need for further balance assessment and intervention. The ‘Balance Screening Tool’ (BST), a six-task functional standing balance test, is a simple and quickly administered method of screening balance in older adults. This study aimed to determine the intra- and inter-rater reliability of the BST and to establish its concurrent validity with the Berg Balance Scale (BBS). A group of 14 falls risk assessment community care clients and a group of 16 community dwelling older adults were screened for balance impairment using both the BST and BBS. The Spearman rank correlation coefficient for intra-rater reliability was 0.90, and for inter-rater reliability was 0.89 with no significant difference between the test scores (Wilcoxon sign rank, p = 0.16). For individual items of the BST, kappa coefficients ranged from 0.64–1.00 for intra-rater reliability and 0.58–0.71 for interrater reliability. Correlation between the total BST and BBS scores were rs = -0.87 and rs = -0.92. The results suggest excellent intra-and inter-rater reliability for the BST, and excellent concurrent validity of the tool with the BBS. The BST is a valid and reliable method to quickly screen older adults for balance problems in a home or clinical setting.
The Synergy of Double Cross-linking Agents on the Properties of Styrene Butadiene Rubber Foams (2016)

Sulfur (S) cross-linking styrene butadiene rubber (SBR) foams show high shrinkage due to the cure reversion, leading to reduced yield and increased processing cost. In this paper, double cross-linking system by S and dicumyl peroxide (DCP) was used to decrease the shrinkage of SBR foams. Most importantly, the synergy of double cross-linking agents was reported for the first time to our knowledge. The cell size and its distribution of SBR foams were investigated by FESEM images, which show the effect of DCP content on the cell structure of the SBR foams. The relationships between shrinkage and crystalline of SBR foams were analyzed by the synergy of double cross-linking agents, which were demonstrated by FTIR, Raman spectra, XRD, DSC and TGA. When the DCP content was 0.6 phr, the SBR foams exhibit excellent physical and mechanical properties such as low density (0.223 g/cm<sup>3</sup>), reduced shrinkage (2.25%) and compression set (10.96%), as well as elevated elongation at break (1.78 × 10<sup>3</sup>%) and tear strength (54.63 N/mm). The results show that these properties are related to the double cross-linking system of SBR foams. Moreover, the double cross-linking SBR foams present high electromagnetic interference (EMI) shielding properties compared with the S cross-linking SBR foams.