gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Complexer-YOLO: Real-Time 3D Object Detection and Tracking on Semantic Point Clouds (2019)

Accurate detection of 3D objects is a fundamental problem in computer vision and has an enormous impact on autonomous cars, augmented/virtual reality and many applications in robotics. In this work we present a novel fusion of neural network based state-of-the-art 3D detector and visual semantic segmentation in the context of autonomous driving. Additionally, we introduce Scale-Rotation-Translation score (SRTs), a fast and highly parameterizable evaluation metric for comparison of object detections, which speeds up our inference time up to 20% and halves training time. On top, we apply state-of-the-art online multi target feature tracking on the object measurements to further increase accuracy and robustness utilizing temporal information. Our experiments on KITTI show that we achieve same results as state-of-the-art in all related categories, while maintaining the performance and accuracy trade-off and still run in real-time. Furthermore, our model is the first one that fuses visual semantic with 3D object detection.
Pta1, a Component of Yeast CF II, Is Required for Both Cleavage and Poly(A) Addition of mRNA Precursor (1999)

CF II, a factor required for cleavage of the 3' ends of mRNA precursor in Saccharomyces cerevisiae, has been shown to contain four polypeptides. The three largest subunits, Cft1/Yhh1, Cft2/Ydh1, and Brr5/Ysh1, are homologs of the three largest subunits of mammalian cleavage-polyadenylation specificity factor (CPSF), an activity needed for both cleavage and poly(A) addition. In this report, we show by protein sequencing and immunoreactivity that the fourth subunit of CF II is Pta1, an essential 90-kDa protein originally implicated in tRNA splicing. Yth1, the yeast homolog of the CPSF 30-kDa subunit, is not detected in this complex. Extracts prepared from pta1 mutant strains are impaired in the cleavage and the poly(A) addition of both GAL7 and CYC1 substrates and exhibit little processing activity even after prolonged incubation. However, activity is efficiently rescued by the addition of purified CF II to the defective extracts. Extract from a strain with a mutation in the CF IA subunit Rna14 also restored processing, but extract from a brr5-1 strain did not. The amounts of Pta1 and other CF II subunits are reduced in pta1 strains, suggesting that levels of the subunits may be coordinately regulated. Coimmunoprecipitation experiments indicate that the CF II in extract can be found in a stable complex containing Pap1, CF II, and the Fip1 and Yth1 subunits of polyadenylation factor I. While purified CF II does not appear to retain the association with these other factors, this larger complex may be the form recruited onto pre-mRNA in vivo. The involvement of Pta1 in both steps of mRNA 3'-end formation supports the conclusion that CF II is the functional homolog of CPSF.
CloudBurst: highly sensitive read mapping with MapReduce (2009)

CloudBurst is available open-source as a model for parallelizing algorithms with MapReduce at (http://cloudburst-bio.sourceforge.net/).
Single-Walled and Multi-Walled Carbon Nanotubes Promote Allergic Immune Responses in Mice (2009)

The adjuvant effect of particles on allergic immune responses has been shown to increase with decreasing particle size and increasing particle surface area. Like ultrafine particles, carbon nanotubes (CNTs) have nano-sized dimensions and a large relative surface area and might thus increase allergic responses. Therefore, we examined whether single-walled (sw) and multi-walled (mw) CNTs have the capacity to promote allergic responses in mice, first in an sc injection model and thereafter in an intranasal model. Balb/cA mice were exposed to three doses of swCNT, mwCNT, as well as ultrafine carbon black particles (ufCBPs, Printex90) during sensitization with the allergen ovalbumin (OVA). Five days after an OVA booster, OVA-specific IgE, IgG1, and IgG2a antibodies in serum and the numbers of inflammatory cells and cytokine levels in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) were determined. Furthermore, ex vivo OVA-induced cytokine release from mediastinal lymph node (MLN) cells was measured. In separate experiments, differential cell counts were determined in BALF 24 h after a single intranasal exposure to the particles in the absence of allergen. We demonstrate that both swCNT and mwCNT together with OVA strongly increased serum levels of OVA-specific IgE, the number of eosinophils in BALF, and the secretion of Th2-associated cytokines in the MLN. On the other hand, only mwCNT and ufCBP with OVA increased IgG2a levels, neutrophil cell numbers, and tumor necrosis factor-alpha and monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 levels in BALF, as well as the acute influx of neutrophils after exposure to the particles alone. This study demonstrates that CNTs promote allergic responses in mice.
Postmenopausal hormone use and breast cancer associations differ by hormone regimen and histologic subtype (2009)

Use of E + P is more detrimental to the breast than E-only use, in terms of both ductal and lobular cancer. The findings from the current study suggest a window of 2 to 3 years for the risks of E + P both to become apparent after initial use and to attenuate after cessation.
Development of Catalysts and Ligands for Enantioselective Gold Catalysis (2013)

During the past decade, the use of Au(I) complexes for the catalytic activation of C-C π-bonds has been investigated intensely. Over this time period, the development of homogeneous gold catalysis has been extraordinarily rapid and has yielded a host of mild and selective methods for the formation of carbon-carbon and carbon-heteroatom bonds. The facile formation of new bonds facilitated by gold naturally led to efforts toward rendering these transformations enantioselective. In this Account, we survey the development of catalysts and ligands for enantioselective gold catalysis by our research group as well as related work by others. We also discuss some of our strategies to address the challenges of enantioselective gold(I) catalysis. Early on, our work with enantioselective gold-catalyzed transformations focused on bis(phosphinegold) complexes derived from axially chiral scaffolds. Although these complexes were highly successful in some reactions like cyclopropanation, the careful choice of the weakly coordinating ligand (or counterion) was necessary to obtain high levels of enantioselectivity for the case of allene hydroamination. These counterion effects led us to use the anion itself as a source of chirality, which was successful in the case of allene hydroalkoxylation. In general, these tactics enhance the steric influence around the reactive gold center beyond the two-coordinate ligand environment. The use of binuclear complexes allowed us to use the second gold center and its associated ligand (or counterion) to exert a further steric influence. In a similar vein, we employed a chiral anion (in place of or in addition to a chiral ligand) to move the chiral information closer to the reactive center. In order to expand the scope of reactions amenable to enantioselective gold catalysis to cycloadditions and other carbocyclization processes, we also developed a new class of mononuclear phosphite and phosphoramidite ligands to supplement the previously widely utilized phosphines. However, we needed to judiciously design the steric environment to create "walls" that enclose the gold center. We also successfully applied these same considerations to the development of binuclear carbene ligands for gold. Finally, we describe the design of bifunctional urea-monophosphine ligands used in a gold-catalyzed three-component coupling.
Real-Time Image Resizing Hardware Accelerator for Object Detection Algorithms (2013)

This paper describes motivation and hardware architecture for resizing input image frames from the camera in order to support real-time scale-invariant object recognition. Conventional implementation of object detection algorithms such as histogram of oriented gradients (HOG) based feature extraction, face detection using Haar classifiers often perform image resizing during the object recognition process. Our investigation reveals that this incurs significant performance overhead due to frequent memory accesses that are required for image resizing. This has motivated our approach to perform online resizing - simultaneously resizing of the input image when it is loaded into frame buffer memory - prior to the object recognition process. We propose a hardware architecture to accelerate image resizing and describe a hybrid processor-accelerator platform to generate different sizes of an image in real-time for object recognition.
Evaluation of High-Resolution Mass Spectrometry for Urine Toxicology Screening in a Pain Management Setting (2012)

To evaluate liquid chromatography-high-resolution mass spectrometry (LC-HR-MS) for urine toxicology screening, 29 analytes were quantitated in 152 urine specimens from patients with chronic pain using two unique mass spectrometry platforms. De-identified specimens were quantitated in April of 2011 by liquid chromatography-triple quadrupole mass spectrometry (LC-MS-MS) and by full-scan LC-HR-MS at Millennium Laboratories. Considering LC-MS-MS as the reference method, false positive results were identified in 19 specimens measured by LC-HR-MS. Application of relative retention times using deuterium labeled internal standards improved the rate of false positive detection to only five specimens, with four occurring for the same analyte. Ultra-high-resolution mass spectrometry (R = 100,000 at m/z 200) showed no improvement over high-resolution mass spectrometry (R = 10,000 at m/z 200) in the number of false positives detected. Quantitative results measured by LC-MS-MS and LC-HR-MS showed good agreement over four orders of dynamic range. This study demonstrates that LC-HR-MS is a suitable platform for toxicology screening for a pain management population and that quantitative accuracy and sensitivity are comparable to that achieved with LC-MS-MS. The specificity of LC-HR-MS is improved by the addition of deuterium labeled internal standards and the implementation of relative retention time matching.
Linear sum codes for random access memories (1988)

Linear sum codes (LSCs) form a class of error control codes designed to provide on-chip error correction to semiconductor random access memories (RAMs). They use the natural addressing scheme found on RAMs to form and access codewords with a minimum of overhead. The authors formally define linear sum codes and examine some of their characteristics. Specifically, they examine their minimum distance characteristics, their error correcting capabilities, and the complexity involved in their implementation. In addition, detailed consideration is given to an easily implemented class of single-, double-, and triple-error correcting LSCs.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Alpenhorn: bootstrapping secure communication without leaking metadata (2016)

Alpenhorn is the first system for initiating an encrypted connection between two users that provides strong privacy and forward secrecy guarantees for metadata (i.e., information about which users connected to each other) and that does not require out-of-band communication other than knowing the other user's Alpenhorn username (email address). This resolves a significant shortcoming in all prior works on private messaging, which assume an out-of-band key distribution mechanism.Alpenhorn's design builds on three ideas. First, Alpenhorn provides each user with an address book of friends that the user can call. Second, when a user adds a friend for the first time, Alpenhorn ensures the adversary does not learn the friend's identity, by using identity-based encryption in a novel way to privately determine the friend's public key. Finally, when calling a friend, Alpenhorn ensures forward secrecy of metadata by storing pairwise shared secrets in friends' address books, and evolving them over time, using a new keywheel construction. Alpenhorn relies on a number of servers, but operates in an anytrust model, requiring just one of the servers to be honest.We implemented a prototype of Alpenhorn, and integrated it into the Vuvuzela private messaging system (which did not previously provide privacy or forward secrecy of metadata when initiating conversations). Experimental results show that Alpenhorn can scale to many users, supporting 10 million users on three Alpenhorn servers with an average dial latency of 150 seconds and a client bandwidth overhead of 3.7 KB/sec.
Single-photon Interference over 150 km Transmission Using Silica-based Integrated-optic Interferometers for Quantum Cryptography (2004)

We have demonstrated single-photon interference over 150 km using time-division interferometers for quantum cryptography, which were composed of two integrated-optic asymmetric Mach-Zehnder interferometers, and balanced gated-mode photon detectors. The observed fringe visibility was more than 80% after 150 km transmission.
Neurite outgrowth from embryonic chicken spinal neurons is promoted by media conditioned by muscle cells. (1981)

The effect of media conditioned by muscle cells on the development in vitro of chicken spinal neurons was studied. Neural tube cells of 4.5-day chicken embryos were dissociated after trypsinization and cultured in serum-free minimum essential medium conditioned for 4 days over cultures of fused chicken myotubes. After 20 hr in conditioned medium (protein concentration, 10--50 microgram/ml), about 50% of surviving cells had extended neurites, whereas in cultures in nonconditioned medium this value was about 10%. The active factor(s) in conditioned medium is macromolecular and its activity was completely destroyed by incubation with trypsin. Concentrated samples of conditioned medium were analyzed by gel filtration on columns of Sepharose CL-6B. The activity was recovered in peaks with apparent molecular weights of 40,000 and 500,000 and at the exclusion volume of the column. Media conditioned neurite-promoting activity but at lower levels. No activity was detected in Nerve Growth Factor, insulin, fetal calf serum, or horse serum or in media conditioned by chicken lung, chicken heart, or C6 glioma cells.
CONFORMATIONAL ANALYSIS OF DIALKYL (2,5-DIALKYL PYRROLIDIN-2-YL)PHOSPHONATES AND DIETHYL(2,5,5-TRIMETHYL PYRROLIDIN-2-YL)PHOSPHONATE BY X-RAY ANALYSIS, NMR AND FORCE FIELD CALCULATIONS (1996)

Abstract Using force field calculations (MM2), 1H, 13C NMR spectroscopy and X-ray diffraction, conformational studies were performed on four substituted (pyrrolidin-2-yl) phosphonates 1–4. According to force field calculations, one type of conformation (twist form around C4 and C5 atoms) was found to be strongly favoured for compounds 2–4 while for 1 an equilibrium between two envelope forms on the C4 atom was established. 1H NMR parameters obtained from simulations of spectra with the LAOCOON program as well Karplus relationships were in good agreement with the calculated geometries.
Immunolocalization of CD1d in human intestinal epithelial cells and identification of a β2-microglobulin-associated form (1999)

In order to better understand the role of intestinal CD1d, we sought to define the cellular localization and further characterize the biochemical structure of CD1d in human intestinal epithelial cells (IEC). Using a CD1d-specific rabbit anti-gst-CD1d antibody, immunoprecipitation of radiolabeled cell surface proteins detected a previously identified 37 kDa protein as well as a 48-50 kDa protein which were confirmed by Western blotting with a CD1d-specific mAb, D5. Immunoprecipitation of protein lysates with the CD1d-specific mAb, D5 and 51.1.3, and the beta2-microglobulin (beta2m)-specific mAb, BBM.1, followed by N-glycanase digestion and Western blotting with the D5 mAb showed that the 48-50 kDa protein was a beta2m-associated, CD1d glycoprotein. CD1d was immunolocalized to the apical and lateral regions of native small and large intestinal IEC as defined by confocal laser microscopy using the D5 mAb and the rabbit anti-gst-CD1d antibody. In addition, a large apical intracellular pool of CD1d was identified. Identical observations were made with polarized T84 cells. Selective biotin labeling of apical and basolateral cell surfaces followed by immunoprecipitation with the D5 mAb, N-glycanase digestion and avidin blotting confirmed the presence of glycosylated CD1d on both cell surfaces and immunolocalization of the 37 kDa non-glycosylated form of CD1d to the apical cell surface. These studies show that CD1d is located in an ideal position for luminal antigen sampling and presentation to subjacent intraepithelial lymphocytes.
Interleaved optical coherence tomography (2013)

We present a novel and cost-effective technique--interleaved optical coherence tomography (iOCT)--to enhance the imaging speed of swept source OCT systems by acquiring data from multiple lateral positions simultaneously during a single wavelength sweep, using a single detector and a virtually imaged phase array (VIPA) as a multi-band demultiplexer. This technique uses spectral encoding to convert coherence length into higher imaging speed; the speed enhancement factor is independent of the source speed or center wavelength, and the effective A-scan rate scales linearly with sweep speed. The optical configuration requires only a change in the sample arm of a traditional OCT system and preserves the axial resolution and fall-off characteristic of a traditional SS-OCT using the same light source. Using 10 kHz, 20 kHz and 100 kHz sources we provide a first demonstration of image speed enhancement factors of up to 12, 6 and 10, respectively, which yield effective A-scan rates of 120 kHz, 120 kHz and 1 MHz for B-scan imaging, with a sensitivity of up to 82.5 dB. We also show that iOCT can image faster dynamics than traditional OCT B-scan imaging and is capable of 3D biological imaging. The iOCT concept suggests a new route to high-speed OCT imaging for laser developers: that is, by focusing on improving the coherence length and linewidth of existing and emerging sources. Hence, iOCT is a nice complement to ongoing research and commercial efforts to enable faster imaging through development of lasers with faster sweep rates, and offers new hope for existing sources with slow sweep rates and potential for enhancement of coherence length to compete with faster sources to achieve high-speed OCT.
The Cyclin-dependent Kinase Inhibitor p27Kip1 Is Involved in Thyroid Hormone-mediated Neuronal Differentiation (1999)

The thyroid hormone (triiodothyronine, T3) is essential for normal brain maturation. To determine the mechanisms by which T3 controls neuronal proliferation and differentiation, we have analyzed the effect of this hormone on the expression and activity of cell cycle-regulating molecules in neuroblastoma N2a-beta cells that overexpress the beta1 isoform of the T3 receptor. Our results show that incubation of N2a-beta cells with T3 leads to a rapid down-regulation of the c-myc gene and to a decrease of cyclin D1 levels. T3 also causes a strong and sustained increase of the levels of the cyclin kinase inhibitor p27(Kip1). This increase is secondary, to the augmented levels of p27(Kip1) transcripts as well as to stabilization of the p27(Kip1) protein. The increased levels of p27(Kip1) lead to a significant increase in the amount of p27(Kip1) associated with cyclin-dependent kinase 2 (CDK2), and to a marked inhibition of the kinase activity of the cyclin.CDK2 complexes. As a consequence, the retinoblastoma protein (pRb) and the retinoblastoma protein-related protein p130 are hypophosphorylated in T3-treated N2a-beta cells. This study shows for the first time that T3-mediated growth arrest and neuronal differentiation are associated with an increase in the levels of a cyclin kinase inhibitor, which does not allow the inactivation of retinoblastoma proteins required for progression through the restriction point in the cell cycle.
Laparoscopic Nephropexy for Symptomatic Nephroptosis: Initial Case Report (1993)

Laparoscopic nephropexy was performed in a 25-year-old woman with intractable pain and a palpable pelvic mass associated with right nephroptosis for more than 1 year. Evaluation by a supine and an erect intravenous urogram (IVU) revealed right renal descent of three vertebral bodies with mild hydronephrosis. Laparoscopic transperitoneal nephropexy was performed in a 2 and a half hour procedure. The patient stayed in the hospital 2 days postoperatively and returned to full activities 3 weeks later. At 2 months postoperatively, she is asymptomatic. An upright IVU2 months postoperatively revealed renal descent of only one vertebral body and no hydronephrosis. This is the first report to our knowledge of a successful laparoscopic nephropexy.
The Weight of Silk: An Exploratory Account into the Developing Relations between Byzantium and China (2021)

History has repeatedly proven that the nation, country, or region that controls the most key raw materials will dominate the surrounding global networks, be they economic, diplomatic, or political. When narrowing this focus to ancient Eurasian cultures, there are two obvious global powers: The Eastern Roman Empire (Byzantium) in the West and the Chinese Empire in the East (the Han Dynasty). While the scholarly independent research conducted on these powers is incredibly rich, what is understood about their interactions is limited and constantly evolving. Evidence explained later in this article shows that there was little more than an awareness of one another. Despite this, there are a rich number of parallels between these two powers concerning politics, diplomacy, and the general trajectory of their development. This minimal relationship and how it influenced the modern division of the East and West will be explored using trade goods traveling on the Silk Road (130 BCE–1453 CE), primarily silk and foreign coins used in burial rituals. The Silk Road consists of a vibrant history that eventually culminated in an unprecedented event of international industrial espionage. The often-overlooked affair, referred to as the Byzantine Silk Scandal (mid-sixth century), follows the exposure of the carefully guarded Chinese silk production, which ended their monopoly held for multiple millennia. This article will recount the context needed to understand the magnitude of this event while exploring and explaining its significance.