gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Correlation between the location of germ-line mutations in the APC gene and the number of colorectal polyps in familial adenomatous polyposis patients. (1992)

Recently we have isolated the adenomatous polyposis coli (APC) gene which causes familial adenomatous polyposis (FAP), and its germ-line mutations in a substantial number of FAP patients have been identified. On the basis of this information, we compared the location of germ-line mutations in the APC gene in 22 unrelated patients (12 of whom have been reported previously) with the number of colorectal polyps developed in FAP patients; 17 were sparse types and five were profuse types. All but one of the mutations were considered to cause truncation of the gene product by frame-shift due to deletion (14 cases) or nonsense mutation (seven cases). The location of the germ-line mutations seems to correlate with the two clinical types; germ-line mutations in five FAP patients with profuse polyps were observed between codon 1250 and codon 1464, whereas mutations in 17 FAP patients with fewer polyps were observed in the other regions of the APC gene. The result suggests that the number of colorectal polyps in FAP patients may be associated with a difference in the stability or biological function of the truncated APC protein.
Face detection and head tracking using stereo and thermal infrared cameras for "smart" airbags: a comparative analysis (2005)

Vision based systems for "smart" airbag systems aim to give precise information about occupant pose and location. This information can be used to make intelligent airbag deployment decisions. This paper reviews both a stereo-based and long wave infrared-based system for "smart" airbag deployment. The algorithms are systematically evaluated through extensive real-time occupant tests. Data for both algorithms is simultaneously collected and evaluated for viability in an intelligent airbag system. Results of these experimental trials show the feasibility of each video based occupant position analysis system. Advantages and drawbacks of each method are discussed and potential solutions are suggested.
SOI-based trapezoidal waveguide with 45-degree microreflector for non-coplanar light bending (2012)

SOI-based trapezoidal waveguide with 45° reflector for non-coplanar light bending is proposed and demonstrated. The proposed structures include 45° micro-reflector and silicon trapezoidal waveguide. Due to the SOI-based trapezoidal waveguide with 45° reflector, light wave can be coupled into silicon waveguide easily and have higher coupling efficiency. All of structures are fabricated using a single-step wet etching process. The RMS roughness of waveguide sidewall and 45° micro-reflector is about 30 nm. The coupling efficiency of proposed structure is -4.51 dB, and misalignment tolerance are 42 μm at horizontal direction and 41 μm at vertical direction. The multi-channel trapezoidal waveguide is also demonstrated. This device can transfer the light wave at the same time, and its cross talk is about -50 dB.
Structures of N‐terminally acetylated proteins (1985)

Primary structures of 250 characterized proteins with N-terminally acetylated residues were correlated with residue distributions and other data. Excluding multiple forms derived from characterized species variants, the structures represent 105 different types of acetylated proteins. Results of comparisons extend previous suggestions based on fewer structures and define relationships further. The N-terminal residue that is acetylated is of a limited type and is frequently a small residue, with a heavy over-representation of serine and alanine. However, the occurrence of methionine at the acetylated position is also high, whereas that of glycine is less frequent than previously estimated. Lysine is over-represented in the N-terminal region, as is aspartic and glutamic acids at a few positions close to the acetylated N-terminus (especially the adjacent position). Finally, distributions of branched-chain residues in the N-terminal region of acetylated proteins are altered in relation to those of proteins in general, isoleucine is over-represented, and leucine and valine are under-represented. The results suggest that alpha-amino-acetylated proteins have special residues in N-terminally non-hydrophobic structures. Data are compatible with a protective function for acetylation but do not exclude further role(s) in processing or other special functions.
Power efficient chip-to-chip signaling schemes (2003)

In low voltage signaling for chip-to-chip digital communication, noise is a crucial factor and since common-mode noise is prevalent on matched printed circuit board (PCB) traces, differential signaling is an effective method for chip-to-chip communication. However, it needs two signal paths for transmitting one bit. Multi-level signaling can be used to reduce the number of required signal paths for transmitting one bit. To reduce the required signal power, this paper investigates several coding schemes for this application. A novel scheme, which improves the performance of ordinary 4-level pulse amplitude modulation (PAM) by roughly 3 dB, is proposed. Finally a low complexity method for an analog implementation of this scheme is presented.
Learning depth from appearance for fast one-shot 3-D map initialization in VSLAM systems (2013)

The aim of this work is to provide a fast approach for monocular SLAM initialization by constructing an initial 3-D map with interest points that are susceptible to be automatically tracked. Interest points' depth is inferred by means of a linear regression model, which estimates depth on the basis of local image appearance. Our contributions are: (1) a new scheme for learning and predicting associations between depth and local image appearance using RGB-D data; and (2) the use of this scheme for the initialization of state-of-the-art visual SLAM systems from a single image frame. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first attempt to automatically initialize a SLAM system by associating depth to sensor features through machine learning techniques. We performed a series of tests by making use of the celebrated PTAM system and obtained very promising results. We show successful one-shot initialization examples accomplished by applying our proposed approach to unstructured scene environments.
Organometallic Gold(III) Compounds as Catalysts for the Addition of Water and Methanol to Terminal Alkynes (2003)

Different inorganic and organometallic gold(III) and gold(I) complexes have been tested in the addition of water and methanol to terminal alkynes. Anionic and neutral organometallic gold(III) compounds can efficiently mediate these reactions in neutral media in refluxing methanol. The compounds are added in catalytic amounts (1.6−4.5 mol % with respect to the alkyne). Thus, compounds of the general formula Q[AuRCl3], Q[AuR2Cl2], [AuRCl2]2, and [AuR2Cl]2 (Q = BzPPh3+, PPN: N(PPh3)2+ or N(Bu)4+; R = C6F5 or 2,4,6-(CH3)3C6H2) seem to behave as Lewis acids in nucleophilic additions to triple bonds. Some intermediates could be detected in the stoichiometric reaction between [Au(C6F5)2Cl]2 and phenylacetylene that was followed by variable temperature 1H, 19F{1H}, COSY 19F{1H}−19F{1H}, and 2H{1H} NMR experiments. Compound [Au(C6F5)2Cl]2 is also able to catalyze the hydration of phenylacetylene at room temperature. A plausible mechanism for the hydration reaction has been proposed.
Corrosion products associated with attached bacteria at an oil field water injection plant (1992)

Attached populations of corrosion enhancing sulfate-reducing bacteria (SRB) and organic acid-producing bacteria (APB) were measured on steel plugs at an oil field water injection plant near Wainwright, Alberta. The sample plugs were colonized to ca. 10 6 SRB/cm 2 . Counts for APB ranged from 10 2 to 10/cm 2 . Scanning electron microscopic examination of the sample plugs revealed an uneven distribution of surface corrosion deposits. A thin iron sulfide layer covered most of the exposed areas. Thicker sulfur-enriched deposits occurred randomly. The bulk of the thicker deposits were smooth, whereas peripheral regions exhibited a porous texture. The elemental composition of the different regions was the same; however, bacterial cells were concentrated in the porous areas and were not found in the thinner deposits. In transmission electron microscopic thin sections cut perpendicularly through corrosion deposits, bacterial cells were found mineralized in successive stages by iron sulfides. The corrosion deposit matrix also generated strong Cl peaks in energy dispersive X-ray spectra. This entrainment of bacterial cells within a corrosion deposit matrix is consistent with the concept of bacterial enhancement of corrosion by removal of reducing power from iron sulfides galvanically coupled to the steel surface. Key words: microbial corrosion, iron sulfide, cathodic hydrogen, electron microscopy.
Comparison of Gene-Specific DNA Methylation Patterns in Equine Induced Pluripotent Stem Cell Lines with Cells Derived From Equine Adult and Fetal Tissues (2011)

Cellular pluripotency is associated with expression of the homeobox transcription factor genes NANOG, SOX2, and POU5F1 (OCT3/4 protein). Some reports suggest that mesenchymal progenitor cells (MPCs) may express increased quantities of these genes, creating the possibility that MPCs are more "pluripotent" than other adult cell types. The objective of this study was to determine whether equine bone marrow-derived MPCs had gene expression or DNA methylation patterns that differed from either early fetal-derived or terminally differentiated adult cells. Specifically, this study compared DNA methylation of the NANOG and SOX2 promoter regions and concurrent gene expression of NANOG, SOX2, and POU5F1 in equine induced pluripotent stem (iPS) cells, fetal fibroblasts, fetal brain cells, adult chondrocytes, and MPCs. Results indicate that NANOG and POU5F1 were not detectable in appreciable quantities in tissues other than the equine iPS cell lines. Equine iPS cells expressed large quantities of all three genes examined. Significantly increased quantities of SOX2 were noted in iPS cells and both fetal-derived cell types compared with adult cells. MPCs and adult chondrocytes expressed equivalent, low quantities of SOX2. Further, NANOG and SOX2 expression inversely correlated with the DNA methylation pattern in the promoter region, such that as gene expression increased, DNA methylation decreased. The equine iPS cell lines examined demonstrated DNA methylation and gene expression patterns that were consistent with pluripotency features described in other species. Results do not support previous reports that NANOG, SOX2, and POU5F1 are poised for increased activity in MPCs compared with other adult cells.
Robust Organogels from Nitrogen-Containing Derivatives of (<i>R</i>)-12-Hydroxystearic Acid as Gelators: Comparisons with Gels from Stearic Acid Derivatives<sup>†</sup> (2009)

Thirteen members of a new class of low molecular-mass organogelators (LMOGs), amides, and amines based on (R)-12-hydroxystearic acid (HSA; i.e., (R)-12-hydroxyoctadecanoic acid) and the properties of their gels have been investigated by a variety of structural and thermal techniques. The abilities of these LMOGs, molecules with primary and secondary amide and amine groups and the ammonium carbamate salt of 1-aminooctadecan-12-ol, to gelate a wide range of organic liquids have been ascertained. Their gelating efficiencies are compared with those of HSA and the corresponding nitrogen-containing molecules derived from stearic acid (i.e., HSA that lacks a 12-hydroxyl group). Several of the HSA-derived molecules are exceedingly efficient LMOGs, with much less than 1 wt % being necessary to gelate several organic liquids at room temperature. Generally, the self-assembled fibrillar networks of the gels consist of spherulitic objects whose dimensions depend on the protocol employed to cool the precursor sol phases. X-ray studies indicate that the LMOG molecules are packed in lamellae within the fibers that constitute the spherulites. In addition, some of the organogels exhibit unusual thixotropic properties: they recover a large part of their viscoelasticity within seconds of being destroyed by excessive strain shearing. This recovery is at least an order of magnitude faster than for any other organogel with a crystalline fibrillar network reported to date. Correlations of these LMOG structures (as well as with those that lack a hydroxyl group along the n-alkyl chain, a headgroup at its end, or both) with the properties of their gels, coupled with the unusual theological properties of these systems, point to new directions for designing LMOGs and organogels.
An experiment to enable commercial mobile satellite service (1982)

A Mobile Satellite Experiment (MSAT-X) is described, based on a planned cooperative U.S./Canadian program. The experiment would establish network architecture, develop system and ground-segment technology, and define the technical characteristics needed to help structure the regulatory/institutional framework needed to enable a first-generation commercial satellite service. A satellite of this type would augment terrestrial systems, both cellular and noncellular, in the thin-route/rural areas of the country where service is either unavailable or inadequate. Applications range from wide-area radio/dispatch (e.g., oil exploration and interstate trucking) to extension of the public mobile telephone service. Market estimates are provided and experiment objectives and requirements are delineated. The requirements are being developed in close coordination with the Department of Communications (DOC) of Canada and with industry and potential-user organizations. The paper closes with a development plan and milestone chart.
The use of quantitative databases in Aladin, an alloy design system (2018)

Robotics Institute
Performance Driven Global Routing Through Gradual Refinement (2002)

We propose a heuristic for VLSI interconnect global routing that can optimize routing congestion, delay and number of bends, which are often competing objectives. Routing flexibilities under timing constraints are obtained and exploited to reduce congestion subject to timing constraints. The wire routes are determined through gradual refinement according to probabilistic estimation on congestions so that the congestion is minimized while the number of bends on wires is limited. The experiments on both random generated circuits and benchmark circuits confirm the effectiveness of this method.
The role of skin nociceptive afferent nerves in blister healing. (1993)

Because sensory neuropeptides improve survival of critical skin and muscle flaps in rats, skin nociceptive sensory nerve function in blister healing was examined. Sensory nerve ablation by unilateral hindlimb denervation or cutaneous axon reflex enhancement by 14 days systemic nicotine treatment (5 mg kg-1 day-1) decreased and increased, respectively, peripheral motor functions of nociceptive (peptidergic) skin nerves. Effects on nociception were measured by a radiant heat tail-flick test. Axon reflex flares were evoked by transdermal iontophoresis of acetylcholine or noxious electrical stimulation under pentobarbitone 40 mg kg-1 anaesthesia. Resultant changes in cutaneous microvascular blood flux were measured non-invasively by laser Doppler flowmetry. In nicotine-treated rats compared with placebo-treated controls, acetylcholine-evoked axon reflex flare was enhanced by 240% (p < 0.01) without enhancement of electrically evoked flare. Thus, nicotine-sensitized nociceptors show stimulus specificity in their enhancement of neurogenic flare responses. No significant changes were seen in other endothelial-dependent or smooth muscle-dependent microvascular dilator responses. Nicotine-treated rats had prolonged tail-flick withdrawal latencies to noxious radiant heat stimuli compared with placebo-treated controls (p < 0.05), suggesting an antinociceptive or analgesic effect of nicotine-treatment. Neurogenic effects on wound healing rate were assessed by measuring the dimensions of standardized blisters twice daily. The blisters were raised on hindpaw glabrous skin using a constant weight and diameter of compressed dry ice pellet applied for 30 secs at constant force. Dry-ice blisters raised on the hindpaw 14 days post-denervation were significantly slower to heal completely (42 days) than controls (30 days: P < 0.05) and the surrounding inflammation was reduced. By contrast, nicotine-treated rats showed more rapid blister healing (25 days) than controls (30 days), seen only in the later phase after day 15. Finally, resting substance P release from blisters, after direct cutaneous nerve stimulation, appears to be enhanced in nicotine-treated rats. Thus nociceptive innervation appears critical for inflammation and rapid healing of blisters in rat skin. The data signal a possible important role for neuropeptides in these processes and question the function of nicotinic receptors on sensory nerves.
Essays on text mining for improved decision making (2022)

Data mining is defined as the process of extracting patterns from data. Thus, it is used to transform this data into information. A specific area of data mining is text mining or text data mining as the process of deriving high quality information from texts (unstructured data). Text mining structures the input text in a first step, it identifies new and unseen patterns within the structured textual data in a second step, and in a third step, it evaluates and interprets the results. Closely related to text mining is web content mining as process of deriving high quality information from the content of web pages. In total, the dissertation shows how methods from text mining and from web content mining can be used to support marketing professionals by improving marketing decision-making. The methodologies are presented in several studies where relevant textual information is analyzed that can be found in different sources (e.g. in web pages, documents, research papers, articles in technical periodicals, reports, etc.). This dissertation consists of seven studies. In two studies, this dissertation supports marketing professionals by identifying profitable customers and companies. This dissertation contains further five studies, which contribute to methods from text mining into the marketing - R&D interface of the new product development process. Sect. 5 describes the research objectives of these studies as well as the methods from text mining and from web content mining that are used in this doctoral dissertation. Sect. 6 summarizes the main findings of the different studies, while Sect. 7 relates to the limitations and suggestions for further research.
A 75.1dB SNDR, 80.2dB DR, 4th-order feed-forward continuous-time sigma-delta modulator with hybrid integrator for silicon TV-tuner application (2011)

A 4th-order resistive feed-forward continuous time sigma-delta modulator (CTSDM) for a worldwide analog/digital TV-receiver is presented. The proposed hybrid integrator of the modulator is developed in order to save the summing amplifier and reduce total area. In addition, the modulator incorporates the proposed low power operational amplifiers (op-amp) with active feed-forward compensation to reduce power consumption in the loop filter. The prototype chip is implemented in a 55nm CMOS process which occupies 0.132 mm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> . Measurements show that the proposed modulator achieves 80.2dB dynamic range, 75.1dB SNDR, and an effective number of bits (ENOB) of 12.2 bits over 5 MHz signal bandwidth. The figure of merit (FOM) is 0.28 pJ/conversion at 1.3 V supply.
An update on the diagnosis and treatment of Parkinson disease (2016)

arkinson disease is the second most common neurodegenerative disorder after Alzheimer disease. About 0.3% of the general population is affected, and the prevalence is higher among men than women, with a ratio of 1.5 to 1.0. 5 Parkinson disease may be more common among white people than those of Asian or African descent; however, the data are conflicting. In 2011, the estimated number of people living with Parkinson disease in Canada had reached 85 200. 7 By 2031, the projected number of people with this disease will double. anagement remains complicated over the course of the disease and should be individualized based on the patient's quality of life at each stage of disease. There have been many advancements in the management of Parkinson disease and ongoing research. Many options are now available. This review presents current treatment strategies and recommendations in managing motor and nonmotor symptoms in the various stages of Parkinson disease. Methods for developing this review are outlined in Box 1.
Global registration of dynamic range scans for articulated model reconstruction (2011)

We present the articulated global registration algorithm to reconstruct articulated 3D models from dynamic range scan sequences. This new algorithm aligns multiple range scans simultaneously to reconstruct a full 3D model from the geometry of these scans. Unlike other methods, we express the surface motion in terms of a reduced deformable model and solve for joints and skinning weights. This allows a user to interactively manipulate the reconstructed 3D model to create new animations. We express the global registration as an optimization of both the alignment of the range scans and the articulated structure of the model. We employ a graph-based representation for the skinning weights that successfully handles difficult topological cases well. Joints between parts are estimated automatically and are used in the optimization to preserve the connectivity between parts. The algorithm also robustly handles difficult cases where parts suddenly disappear or reappear in the range scans. The global registration produces a more accurate registration compared to a sequential registration approach, because it estimates the articulated structure based on the motion observed in all input frames. We show that we can automatically reconstruct a variety of articulated models without the use of markers, user-placed correspondences, segmentation, or template model.
Acetonyltriphenylphosphonium Bromide and Its Polymer-Supported Analogues as Catalysts for the Protection of Carbonyl Compounds as Acetals or Thioacetals (2003)

Abstract Both acetonyltriphenylphosphonium bromide (ATPB) and poly-p-styryldiphenylacetonylphosphonium bromide (PATPB) are excellent catalysts in the protection of aldehydes as acetals or thioacetals. In general, ATPB is highly selective as ketones do not give good yields of ketals with this catalyst.
Geometric calibration for mobile, stereo, autofocus cameras (2016)

Mobile, stereo, autofocus cameras present unique challenges for robust and efficient depth estimation. Specifically, existing approaches for calibration of the stereo camera intrinsic and extrinsic parameters are inadequate because of per-shot changes in the configuration, long-term mechanical drift, extremely constrained manufacturing processes, and the requirement for real-world robustness. We present a hybrid strategy that combines a single-photo of a calibration grid in an offline step with online blind refinement, which satisfies all of these goals.