gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Sexual transmission of transposed activator elements in transgenic tomatoes. (1989)

The transmission of transposed Ac elements in progeny derived by self-pollination of ten transformed tomato plants has been examined by Southern hybridization analysis. We show that six of these primary transformants have transmitted a transposed Ac to at least one progeny. One of the families was segregating for at least two different insertion events. In five of ten families, progeny were detected that contained a transposed Ac but no donor T-DNA sequences, indicating that a recombination event occurred between the original and new Ac insertion site. Somatic transposition of Ac as late as the R2 generation is evidenced. One family contained an empty donor site fragment but Ac was not detected in either the parent or progeny, indicating Ac was lost in this population early in regeneration. While four of ten families were segregating for aberrant phenotypes, there was no evidence that the mutated gene was linked to a transposed Ac.
High Optical Visibility and Shielding Effectiveness Metal Mesh Film for Microwave Oven Application (2019)

A typical microwave oven generates an electromagnetic wave in an ISM band of 2.45 GHz. To prevent this unwanted microwave leakage through its front door, a circular perforated metal sheet is typically used with low shielding effectiveness (<; 27 dB) and with poor visibility (<; 50%) which is usually difficult to check the progress of cooking. In this paper, we investigate sheet resistance (R <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">S</sub> ) and optical transparency (OT) for electrical and optical performance of two transparent electrodes (TEs) including metal mesh film (MMF) and indium tin oxide (ITO) and compare those to the currently used perforated copper sheet (PCS) in commercial microwave oven. The measured RS and average OT in visible spectrum of MMF is 0.11 Ω/sq and 68.4%, and its figure of merit (FoM) is 203.8 which is the highest among them. The measured shielding effectiveness of MMF, ITO, and PCS at 2.45 GHz are 31.4, 21.0, and 25.5 dB, respectively. The results indicate that MMF has highest FoM and the best EMC performance among the TEs and PCS, which makes it the most suitable candidate for microwave ovens.
Sparse Additive Generative Models of Text (2018)

Generative models of text typically associate a multinomial with every class label or topic. Even in simple models this requires the estimation of thousands of parameters; in multifaceted latent variable models, standard approaches require additional latent ``switching'' variables for every token, complicating inference. In this paper, we propose an alternative generative model for text. The central idea is that each class label or latent topic is endowed with a model of the deviation in log-frequency from a constant background distribution. This approach has two key advantages: we can enforce sparsity to prevent overfitting, and we can combine generative facets through simple addition in log space, avoiding the need for latent switching variables. We demonstrate the applicability of this idea to a range of scenarios: classification, topic modeling, and more complex multifaceted generative models.
Functional assessment of cell entry and receptor usage for lineage B β-coronaviruses, including 2019-nCoV (2020)

Over the past 20 years, several coronaviruses have crossed the species barrier into humans, causing outbreaks of severe, and often fatal, respiratory illness. Since SARS-CoV was first identified in animal markets, global viromics projects have discovered thousands of coronavirus sequences in diverse animals and geographic regions. Unfortunately, there are few tools available to functionally test these novel viruses for their ability to infect humans, which has severely hampered efforts to predict the next zoonotic viral outbreak. Here we developed an approach to rapidly screen lineage B betacoronaviruses, such as SARS-CoV and the recent 2019-nCoV, for receptor usage and their ability to infect cell types from different species. We show that host protease processing during viral entry is a significant barrier for several lineage B viruses and that bypassing this barrier allows several lineage B viruses to enter human cells through an unknown receptor. We also demonstrate how different lineage B viruses can recombine to gain entry into human cells and confirm that human ACE2 is the receptor for the recently emerging 2019-nCoV.
Novel selective surface flow (SSF{trademark}) membranes for the recovery of hydrogen from waste gas streams. Phase 2: Technology development, final report (1996)

The objective of Phase II of the Selective Surface Flow Membrane program was Technology Development. Issues addressed were: (i) to develop detailed performance characteristics on a 1 ft{sup 2} multi- tube module and develop design data, (ii) to build a field test rig and complete field evaluation with the 1 ft{sup 2} area membrane system, (iii) to implement membrane preparation technology and demonstrate membrane performance in 3.5 ft long tube, (iv) to complete detailed process design and economic analysis.
Changes in quaternary structure of IgG upon reduction of the interheavy-chain disulfide bond. (1979)

Reduction of the single disulfide bond between heavy chains in the hinge region of rabbit IgG antibody causes destabilization of the CH2 region of the molecule. Our studies indicate that reduced antibody molecules undergo a large change in quaternary structure in the CH2 region upon aggregation with a small bivalent hapten. The conformational change was observed both in hydrodynamic studies and by electron microscopy. The sizes of native and reduced antibody complexes were measured from electron micrographs. These measurements show that reduction of the hinge disulfide allows the CH2 domains of the antibody to separate under the strain induced by complex formation. The Fab arms, which are clearly seen in the electron micrographs of the native complexes, are extended by a portion of the Fc region to effectively become Facb arms in the reduced complexes. The length of the arms is effectively increased by 23 A. This results in a massive alteration in the quaternary structure of the CH2 region of the molecule, and this may be the basis of many of the effects of mild reduction on the various effector functions of the antibody molecule. These findings also support the open structure of the CH2 region proposed on the basis of crystallographic analyses, and they demonstrate how the interheavy-chain hinge disulfide restricts segmental flexibility in the Fc fragment of the IgG molecule.
Generalized parallel-cascaded microring networks for spectral engineering applications (2008)

The transfer characteristics of parallel-cascaded arrays of generalized two-port microring networks with interstage phase shifts are investigated for potential applications in spectral engineering. It is found that these structures can exactly realize optical transfer functions with quadrantal symmetric zeros if the microring networks are even-symmetric. The proposed filter architectures have advantages in that the microring networks have all-positive coupling coefficients, and the array can always be reduced to the canonical form that contains only one interstage π phase-shift element. A method for exactly synthesizing cascaded symmetric microring networks based on the transfer matrix factorization technique is presented, and an example of an eighth-order generalized Chebyshev filter is given to illustrate the application of these microring lattice architectures for realizing very high-order optical transfer functions.
ChemInform Abstract: A Chemoselective Reformatsky—Negishi Approach to α‐Haloaryl Esters. (2014)

Abstract Pd‐catalyzed chemoselective Negishi coupling of poly‐halogenated aromatics and Reformatsky reagents provides α‐haloaryl esters.
Autophagous structure-power systems (2004)

Novel autophagous (self-consuming) systems combining structure and power functionalities are under development for improved material utilization and performance enhancement in electric unmanned air vehicles (UAV's). Much of the mass of typical aircraft is devoted separately to the functions of structure and fuel-energy. Several methods are proposed to extract structure function from materials that can also serve as fuel for combustion or as a source of hydrogen. Combustion heat is converted to electrical energy by thermoelectric generation, and hydrogen gas is used in fuel cells to provide electrical energy. The development and implementation of these structure-fuels are discussed in the context of three specific designs of autophagous wing spars. The designs are analyzed with respect to mechanical performance and energy storage. Results indicate a high potential for these systems to provide enhanced performance in electric UAV's.
The Comparison of Lens Movement by the Fitting States of Soft Contact Lenses in Normal and Dry Eyes (2011)

Purpose: The study was performed to compare the differences in lens rotation, lens movement by blinking and lens centration with alignment or steep fitting of soft contact lens in normal and dry eyes. Methods: Total 40 eyes (aged 20~30 years) were classified into the normal (n=20) or dry eye group (n=20) by the diagnosis methods for dry eyes and worn soft contact lens (polymacon material) with alignment fitting or steep fitting. Lens rotation, lens movement by blinking and lens centration were separately measured immediately after lens wearing and after stabilization of tear film and compared by fitting states of soft contact lenses. Results: With steep fitting of soft contact lens in dry eyes, averaged lens rotation immediately after lens wearing was not significantly different from that of the normal eye group with alignment fitting however, lens rotation after stabilization in dry eyes was significantly larger than that in normal eyes. Any significant difference in lens movement by blinking was not shown in normal eyes. However, lens movement by blinking in dry eyes was increased with steep fitting. The range of lens centration on cornea in normal eyes with alignment fitting was more vertically distributed. On the other hand, the range of lens centration on cornea in dry eyes with alignment fitting was more horizontally distributed. Lens centration was shown to be changed by stabilization of tear film. That is, lens centrations were somewhat vertically widespread immediately after lens wearing and restrictively distributed in horizontal direction, respectively, with steep fitting in dry eyes. Conclusions: These results suggested that lens movements and centration in dry eyes were different from those of normal eyes. Especially, those differences between normal and dry eyes were much bigger with steep fitting of soft contact lenses. Thus, those differences should be considered for the comfortable and safe fitting of soft contact lens in dry eyes.
Targeting Native Adult Heart Progenitors with Cardiogenic Small Molecules (2012)

Targeting native progenitors with small molecule pharmaceuticals that direct cell fate decisions is an attractive approach for regenerative medicine. Here, we show that 3,5-disubstituted isoxazoles (Isx), stem cell-modulator small molecules originally recovered in a P19 embryonal carcinoma cell-based screen, directed cardiac muscle gene expression in vivo in target tissues of adult transgenic reporter mice. Isx also stimulated adult mouse myocardial cell cycle activity. Narrowing our focus onto one target cardiac-resident progenitor population, Isx directed muscle transcriptional programs in vivo in multipotent Notch-activated epicardium-derived cells (NECs), generating Notch-activated adult cardiomyocyte-like precursors. Myocardial infarction (MI) preemptively differentiated NECs toward fibroblast lineages, overriding Isx's cardiogenic influence in this cell population. Isx dysregulated gene expression in vivo in Notch-activated repair fibroblasts, driving distinctive (pro-angiogenesis) gene programs, but failed to mitigate fibrosis or avert ventricular functional decline after MI. In NECs in vitro, Isx directed partial muscle differentiation, which included biosynthesis and assembly of sarcomeric α-actinin premyofibrils, beaded structures pathognomonic of early developing cardiomyocytes. Thus, although Isx small molecules have promising in vivo efficacy at the level of cardiac muscle gene expression in native multipotent progenitors and are first in class in this regard, a greater understanding of the dynamic interplay between fibrosis and cardiogenic small molecule signals will be required to pharmacologically enable regenerative repair of the heart.
Restoration of adenylate cyclase responsiveness in murine myeloid leukemia permits inhibition of proliferation by hormone. Butyrate augments catalytic activity of adenylate cyclase (1988)

Mechanisms of leukemic cell clonal dominance may include aberrations of transmembrane signaling. In particular, neoplastic transformation has been associated with reduced capacity for hormone-stimulated adenylate cyclase activity. In the present study, prostaglandin E, a hormonal activator of adenylate cyclase that has antiproliferative activity in myeloid cells, and cholera toxin, an adenylate cyclase agonist that functions at a postreceptor site by activating the adenylate cyclase stimulatory GTP-binding protein (Gs), were studied for antiproliferative activity in two murine myeloid cell lines. FDC-P1, an interleukin 3 (IL 3)-dependent myeloid cell line and a tumorigenic IL 3- independent subline, FI, were resistant to these antiproliferative agents. The in vitro ability of the “differentiation” agent, sodium butyrate, to reverse their resistance to adenylate cyclase agonists was studied. The antiproliferative action of butyrate involved augmentation of transmembrane adenylate cyclase activity. Increased adenylate cyclase catalyst activity was the primary alteration of this transmembrane signaling group leading to the functional inhibitory effects on leukemia cells, although alterations in regulatory G- proteins appear to play a secondary role.
Strongly improved frequency response at high-optical input powers from InGaAsP compensated strain MQW electroabsorption modulators (1995)

InGaAsP MQW electroabsorption modulators with and without compensated strain were fabricated and tested. Compensated strain was employed to reduce the valence band discontinuity between the well and barrier, which decreased the heavy-hole carrier escape time. A short optical pulse coupled into the modulator was used to measure the enhancement in carrier escape time from strained compensated InGaAsP quantum wells, for the first time. As a result, the strained MQW sample demonstrated an improved frequency response when operated at high optical input powers and low fields.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Effects of various sterilization methods on the setting and mechanical properties of apatite cement (2004)

Sterilization capability is a necessary requirement for any material that is to be used in a medical application. Therefore, it is necessary for apatite cement (AC) to be sterilized. Because there is little information on the sterilization methods of AC, the aims of this investigation were to evaluate the effects of various sterilization methods, including steam, dry heat, ethylene oxide (EtO) gas, and gamma irradiation sterilizations, on the setting and mechanical properties of AC. In the case of steam sterilization, because AC powder aggregated before setting-time measurements, the setting time could not be measured. When the powder was sterilized by dry heat or EtO gas, the setting time was prolonged significantly and the wet diametral tensile strength (DTS) value decreased significantly. Therefore, sterilizations with steam, dry heat, or EtO gas were suggested to be inappropriate methods for AC. Accordingly, the following experiments focused on gamma sterilization. The setting time of AC was retarded with an increase in gamma irradiation dose. The wet DTS value decreased with the increase in gamma irradiation dose. There was no compositional change due to the gamma irradiation. The following tests were carried out in order to examine the effect of the gamma irradiation on the setting reaction of AC in detail. Tetracalcium phosphate [TTCP: Ca(4)(PO(4))(2)O] and dicalcium phosphate anhydrous (DCPA: CaHPO(4)) were separately irradiated, and the cements were produced with the use of irradiated powder and nonirradiated powder. Although the wet DTS value of AC produced from irradiated TTCP and nonirradiated DCPA decreased with increasing gamma irradiation dose, there was no significant difference. In contrast, the wet DTS value of AC produced from irradiated DCPA and nonirradiated TTCP significantly decreased with the increase in gamma irradiation dose. In conclusion, although the detailed mechanism of the delayed setting time and decreased DTS value was not clarified by the present study, it was found that gamma irradiation affected DCPA more than TTCP.
Magnetic and structural properties of some triazole metal complexes (2008)

Recently, multiferroic materials exhibiting ferromagnetic and ferroelectric properties have attract much attention because of the control of a magnetism by an electric field and/or the control of an electric polarization by a magnetic field. 1 We are studying the syntheses and the correlation between crystal structures and solidstate properties of a series of linear chain rhodium(I)-semiquinonato complexes from the viewpoint of the development of multifunctional materials based on the frontier orbital control. 2 Here we report the crystal structure, magnetic and dielectric properties of a linear chain rhodium(I)-semiquinonato complex, [Rh Complex molecules of 1 are stacked by the Rh-Rh interactions to form a linear chain structure. This compound undergoes first-order phase-transition in the temperature range of 208-224 K. Magnetic property changes from an antiferromagnetic interaction (room temperature (RT) phase) to a ferromagnetic one (low temperature (LT) phase, = +64 K). This compound undergoes a magnetic phase-transition to the metamagnet in which the interchain interaction is a ferromagnetic whereas the intrachain interaction is antiferromagnetic (TN = 13.8 K). Furthermore, the real part, ', of dielectric constant along 1-D chain in the RT phase shows the large value of 1000-2500 depending on the measuring frequency. ' decreases rapidly with first-order phasetransition and takes a temperature-independent value of ca. 160 in the LT phase. P-E hysteresis measurement to reveal the ferroelectricity of this compound is now in progress.
Machine learning for machines: Data-driven performance tuning at runtime using sparse coding (2015)

(Article begins on next page) The Harvard community has made this article openly available. Please share how this access benefits you. Your story matters.
Facile Synthesis of Methyl 7-Methoxy-2-naphthoate. An Improved Procedure for Monomethylation of 2,7-Naphthalenediol (1991)

Methyl 7-methoxy-2-naphthoate (1) is prepared in three steps from readily available 2,7-naphthalenediol (2) with an overall yield of 61%. The first step is the monomethylation of 2 by dimethyl sulfate with sodium hydroxide in a two-solvent system (CH2Cl2/H2O), which represents an improvement over past methods. 7-Methoxy-2-naphthol (3) reacts with trifluoromethanesulfonic anhydride (triflic anhydride) to give the corresponding triflate. Palladium-catalyzed methoxycarbonylation of the triflate yields 1.
ChemInform Abstract: Application of Molecular Mechanics to the Study of Drug‐Membrane Interactions: The Role of Molecular Conformation in the Passive Membrane Permeability of Zidovudine (AZT) (1991)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
TDMA half-rate digital cellular system based on PDC standard in Japan (2002)

In order to expand the capacity of the digital cellular system in Japan, the half-rate digital cellular system is indispensable. Full-rate mobile stations are already in wide use. Therefore, on the introduction of the the half-rate system, the support for full-rate mobile stations is necessary. Moreover, dual-rate mobile stations are needed to efficiently utilize the current full-rate network. From the viewpoint of realization, this paper describes suitable techniques and the system configuration for a half-rate system. Also the efficient utilization of the transmission-line is described.
Lipocalin-2 Deficiency Impairs Thermogenesis and Potentiates Diet-Induced Insulin Resistance in Mice (2010)

LCN2 has a novel role in adaptive thermoregulation and diet-induced insulin resistance.
Present State of the Art of Ultrasonic Motors (1989)

To describe the field of ultrasonic motors, the various motors developed to date must be classified. Since the form of ultrasonic motor seems to depend on the way of creating the elliptic motion of the contacting surface of the motor, most motors are classified from this point of view. The principle, features and problems of the ultrasonic motor are also briefly described.
EV71 vaccine, an invaluable gift for children (2014)

Enterovirus 71 (EV71) is a major pathogen for severe hand, foot and mouth disease (HFMD). Development of vaccines against EV71 would be the most effective approach to prevent the EV71 outbreak. Research and development (R&D) of EV71 vaccine was carried out in several Asian countries. Currently three companies in mainland China have completed Phase III clinical trials of inactivated EV71 whole-virus vaccines, whereas the other two companies have completed Phase I clinical trials separately in Taiwan and in Singapore. Results from those clinical trials have indicated high safety and immunogenicity of EV71 vaccine. Protective efficacies were over 90% on EV71-associated HFMD and over 80% on other EV71-associated diseases. In this paper, we summarize the results from three EV71 vaccine Phase III clinical trials and discuss the challenges of incorporating EV71 vaccine into Expanded Program on Immunization (EPI) in countries with EV71 epidemics.
Alanine-scanning mutagenesis of human prolactin: importance of the 58-74 region for bioactivity. (1992)

We have generated 10 alanine mutants of human PRL (hPRL), a member of the PRL/GH family, to investigate the involvement of the highly conserved 58-74 region in the biological behavior of the protein. When treated with polyclonal anti-hPRL antibodies, all mutants were immunologically indistinguishable from the unmodified hPRL, and circular dichroism analyses indicated that their alpha-helix content was similar to that of the unmodified hormone. Mutations C58A, K69A, and, to a lesser extent, P66A affected drastically the ability of hPRL first to bind to the lactogenic receptor and second to stimulate the proliferation of Nb2 lymphoma cells, proving the importance of the 58-74 peptide segment for hPRL bioactivity. Binding affinities of these mutants to the Nb2 lactogenic receptor have been compared to lactogenic binding data previously obtained for several mutants of hGH. The comparison reveals that the residues involved in the biological properties of the two proteins are not at topologically equivalent positions. Hence, we suggest that the binding of these hormones to the lactogenic receptors occurs through a different molecular mechanism having distinct requirements at the residue level.