gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Preparation and properties of polypropylene‐asphaltene composites (2015)

In this study, novel composite materials of polypropylene (PP) with asphaltenes taken from Arab heavy atmospheric residue were prepared and characterized. Composites with various relative amounts of asphaltenes to PP were formed using the melt‐mixing technique. The chemical structure, crystalline form, and morphology of these materials were examined using Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, X‐ray diffraction (XRD), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) measurements. Their thermal properties were measured with differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), their thermal degradation characteristics with thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), and the mechanical properties using an Instron dynamometer. It was found that the crystalline and chemical structure of PP is not affected by the presence of asphaltenes, whereas the thermal stability, crystallinity, and tensile mechanical properties are enhanced with the amount of asphaltenes. Particularly, the addition of 5 wt% asphaltenes could improve tensile strength and the Elastic modulus by almost 10%. Better dispersion is achieved at relative low percentages of asphaltenes. It was found that the optimum amount of asphaltenes to result in composites with good dispersion, enhanced thermal stability, tensile strength, and relative crystallinity was 5 wt%. Most of these properties seem to deteriorate when the amount of asphaltenes added is high (i.e., 10%–15%). Therefore, a new use of a by‐product of the petroleum refinery industry is proposed resulting in improved properties of a commodity polymer. POLYM. COMPOS., 38:1957–1963, 2017. © 2015 Society of Plastics Engineers
Experimental Evaluation of a Control System for an Absolute Angle Measuring Micromachined Gyroscope (2006)

This work presents the experimental implementation and evaluation of a feedback control system for compensation of energy dissipation and suppression of anisoelasticity based errors in a micromachined absolute angle measuring gyroscope. The control system was implemented with a high speed, real time DSP board using MATLAB Simulink code downloaded onto the board. A single crystal silicon prototype was fabricated and used as a test bed. Experimental results demonstrated that the control system maintains the gyroscope motion at a defined energy level with some steady state error while simultaneously reducing anisoelasticity induced angular momentum by 31%
Multi‐Layered Automultiscopic Displays (2012)

Abstract Our hybrid display model combines multiple automultiscopic elements volumetrically to support horizontal and vertical parallax at a larger depth of field and better accommodation cues compared to single layer elements. In this paper, we introduce a framework to analyze the bandwidth of such display devices. Based on this analysis, we show that multiple layers can achieve a wider depth of field using less bandwidth compared to single layer displays. We present a simple algorithm to distribute an input light field to multiple layers, and devise an efficient ray tracing algorithm for synthetic scenes. We demonstrate the effectiveness of our approach by both software simulation and two corresponding hardware prototypes.
Monolithically integrated silicon-film photovoltaic modules (2002)

Thin crystalline silicon layers on an insulating ceramic substrate permit the realization of a serially-interconnected monolithic array. In this paper, the authors present the device design and fabrication issues relating to such a monolithically integrated device, and the latest results are presented. A novel device process is presented that involves isolating and re-interconnecting silicon solar cell elements on an insulating ceramic substrate. Device efficiencies of 7.3% have been achieved, and are presently limited by high series resistance and chemical impurities.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Camera-agnostic format and processing for light-field data (2017)

Light-field (LF) is foreseen as an enabler for the next generation of 3D/AR/VR experiences. However, lack of unified representation, storage and processing formats, variant LF acquisition systems and capture-specific LF processing algorithms prevent cross-platform approaches and constrain the advancement and standardization process of the LF information. In this work we present our vision for camera-agnostic format and processing of LF data, aiming at a common ground for LF data storage, communication and processing. As a proof-of-concept for camera-agnostic pipeline, we present a new and efficient LF storage format (for 4D rays) and demonstrate feasibility of camera-agnostic LF processing. To do so, we implement a camera-agnostic depth extraction method. We use LF data from a camera-rig acquisition setup and several synthetic inputs including plenoptic and non-plenoptic captures, to emphasize the camera-agnostic nature of the proposed LF storage and processing pipeline.
A Photoluminescence-Based Field Method for Detection of Traces of Explosives (2004)

We report a photoluminescence-based field method for detecting traces of explosives. In its standard version, the method utilizes a commercially available color spot test kit for treating explosive traces on filter paper after swabbing. The colored products are fluorescent under illumination with a laser that operates on three C-size flashlight batteries and delivers light at 532 nm. In the fluorescence detection mode, by visual inspection, the typical sensitivity gain is a factor of 100. The method is applicable to a wide variety of explosives. In its time-resolved version, intended for in situ work, explosives are tagged with europium complexes. Instrumentation-wise, the time-resolved detection, again visual, can be accomplished in facile fashion. The europium luminescence excitation utilizes a laser operating at 355 nm. We demonstrate the feasibility of CdSe quantum dot sensitization of europium luminescence for time-resolved purposes. This would allow the use of the above 532 nm laser.
Structure-based discovery of β <sub>2</sub> -adrenergic receptor ligands (2009)

Aminergic G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) have been a major focus of pharmaceutical research for many years. Due partly to the lack of reliable receptor structures, drug discovery efforts have been largely ligand-based. The recently determined X-ray structure of the beta(2)-adrenergic receptor offers an opportunity to investigate the advantages and limitations inherent in a structure-based approach to ligand discovery against this and related GPCR targets. Approximately 1 million commercially available, "lead-like" molecules were docked against the beta(2)-adrenergic receptor structure. On testing of 25 high-ranking molecules, 6 were active with binding affinities <4 microM, with the best molecule binding with a K(i) of 9 nM (95% confidence interval 7-10 nM). Five of these molecules were inverse agonists. The high hit rate, the high affinity of the most potent molecule, the discovery of unprecedented chemotypes among the new inhibitors, and the apparent bias toward inverse agonists among the docking hits, have implications for structure-based approaches against GPCRs that recognize small organic molecules.
Stability analysis of an autonulling AC bridge for use with silicon-based sensors (1994)

A novel circuit incorporating integral feedback to automatically null an AC bridge is analyzed and discussed. Stability of the feedback scheme is examined by linearizing the system near the critical point (null) of the bridge using a standard perturbation method. Solutions of the nonlinear coupled differential equations that describe the operation of the autonulling AC bridge were obtained by numerical integration. A prototype was constructed using integrated circuits and discrete components to measure the transient response; test results of the circuit from transient impedance changes are compared to the time-dependent numerical solutions.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Reduction in data throughput requirements in digital phased array radar (2016)

By pulling some of the signal detection processing that occurs at the final processor in a pulse-detecting system into each node for pre-processing, the amount of digital sample data that must be sent to the final processor can be greatly reduced. This capability would expand the amount of achievable beam-bandwidth for a fixed amount of digital I/O available between hierarchical beamforming nodes or would reduce the needed digital I/O capacity of a digital phased array. This work shows the potential for implementing signal predetection in digital phased arrays with distributed signal processing, and by using a hybrid detection methodology that combines binary integration and standard coherent processing at final beamforming nodes, digital I/O capacity needs are reduced while maintaining detection sensitivity of a standard coherent phased array architecture.
Cache-Fair Thread Scheduling for Multicore Processors (2006)

We present a new operating system scheduling algorithm for multicore processors. Our algorithm reduces the effects of unequal CPU cache sharing that occur on these processors and cause unfair CPU sharing, priority inversion, and inadequate CPU accounting. We describe the implementation of our algorithm in the Solaris operating system and demonstrate that it produces fairer schedules enabling better priority enforcement and improved performance stability for applications. With conventional scheduling algorithms, application performance on multicore processors varies by up to 36% depending on the runtime characteristics of concurrent processes. We reduce this variability by up to a factor of seven.
Bipolar titanium dioxide/platinum semiconductor photoelectrodes and multielectrode arrays for unassisted photolytic water splitting (1986)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTBipolar titanium dioxide/platinum semiconductor photoelectrodes and multielectrode arrays for unassisted photolytic water splittingEugene Smotkin, Allen J. Bard, Alan Campion, Marye A. Fox, Thomas Mallouk, Stephen E. Webber, and J. M. WhiteCite this: J. Phys. Chem. 1986, 90, 19, 4604–4607Publication Date (Print):September 1, 1986Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 September 1986https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/j100410a026https://doi.org/10.1021/j100410a026research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views567Altmetric-Citations51LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access options Get e-Alerts
A Novel Repulsive-Mode High Gradient Magnetic Separator—I. Design and Experimental Results (2004)

We present a novel design for a continuously operating wet high-gradient repulsive mode magnetic separator (RMMS). The separator utilizes strong repulsive magnetic forces generated by a two-wire system placed into a permanent magnet's background magnetic field and a separation channel with one inlet and three outlet streams. In contrast to earlier RMMS designs, our separator takes into consideration the repulsive and attractive forces on the particles, which have a major effect in the beginning and the end of the particles' trajectories, respectively. Moreover, the design presented here permits an easy way to scale up the separator by a matrix arrangement of both wires and separation channels. We examine the influence of system parameters on the separation efficiency experimentally, using synthetic magnetite microparticles in water as a model system.
Cost-effective and morphology controllable PVP based highly efficient CuS counter electrodes for high-efficiency quantum dot-sensitized solar cells (2015)

Currently, copper sulfide (CuS) is the most commonly used counter electrode (CE) in high-efficiency quantum dot-sensitized solar cells (QDSSCs) because of its superior electrocatalytic activity in the presence of polysulfide electrolyte. For the first time, CuS thin films were prepared by a facile chemical bath deposition method with different concentrations of polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) and directly used as CEs in QDSSCs without any further post treatment. The quantum dot photoanode with the optimized 0.25 mM PVP-based CuS CE exhibits higher short circuit current density (Jsc), open circuit voltage (Voc), fill factor (FF), and power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 17.57 mA cm(-2), 0.578 V, 0.514, and 5.22%, respectively, which are much higher values than those of a bare CuS CE (Jsc: 12.36 mA cm(-2); Voc: 0.591 V; FF: 0.436; PCE: 3.18%) and Pt CE (Jsc: 11.25 mA cm(-2); Voc: 0.464 V; FF: 0.296; PCE: 1.54%) under one-sun illumination (AM 1.5 G, 100 mW cm(-2)). Moreover, the 0.25 mM PVP-based CuS CE produces a charge-transfer resistance of only 4.39 Ω with the aqueous polysulfide electrolyte commonly applied in QDSSCs. This value is several orders of magnitude lower than that of a typical Pt electrode (69.75 Ω) and bare CuS electrode (9.27 Ω). This enhancement is mainly attributed to the improved morphology of the 0.25 mM CuS CE with high catalytic activity, which plays a main role in the reduction processes of the oxidized polysulfide electrolyte, as well as the increased sulfur atomic percentage with Cu vacancies. Cyclic voltammetry, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, and Tafel polarization were performed to study the underlying reasons behind the efficient CE performance.
Estimating business value of IT services through process complexity analysis (2008)

In this paper we propose a methodology to estimate business value of IT services. We investigate how to apply quantitative studies for IT service management processes that allows us to link measurable performance improvements with concrete business value. Specifically, we follow an Information Technology Infrastructure Library (ITIL) defined strategy combined with process complexity analysis techniques. This helps to reason about inefficiencies in IT service processes due to problems with coordination of different roles, lack of support for task execution, and complexities for getting the source of information. Our approach consists in (1) identifying the process context using ITIL as a reference framework, (2) quantifying process baseline with typical task execution time and underlying complexity, (3) estimating performance improvement achieved by tooling deployment or process transformation, and (4) estimating business value derived for various business cases. We illustrate our methodology using the change management process as defined in IBM Tivoli Unified Process (ITUP) and estimating the business value of implementing an application discovery tool and a change management tool.
Markovian mixture face recognition with discriminative face alignment (2008)

A typical automatic face recognition system is composed of three parts: face detection, face alignment and face recognition. Conventionally, these three parts are processed in a bottom-up manner: face detection is performed first, then the results are passed to face alignment, and finally to face recognition. The bottom-up approach is one extreme of vision approaches. The other extreme approach is top-down. In this paper, we proposed a Markovian stochastic mixture approach for combining bottom-up and top-down face recognition: face recognition is performed from the results of face alignment in a bottom-up way, and face alignment is performed based on the results of face recognition in a top-down way. By modeling the mixture face recognition as a stochastic process, the recognized person is decided probabilistically according to the probability distribution coming from the stochastic face recognition, and the recognition problem becomes that ldquowho the most probable person is when the stochastic process of face recognition goes on for an infinite long durationrdquo. This problem is solved with the theory of Markov chains by properly modeling the stochastic process of face recognition as a Markov chain. As conventional face alignment is not suitable for this mixture approach, discriminative face alignment is proposed. And we also prove that the Markovian mixture face recognition results only depend on discriminative face alignment, not on conventional face alignment. Our approach can surprisingly outperform the face recognition performance with manual face localization, which is demonstrated by extensive experiments.
Dynamic Tire Pressure Sensor for Measuring Ground Vibration (2012)

This work presents a convenient and non-contact acoustic sensing approach for measuring ground vibration. This approach, which uses an instantaneous dynamic tire pressure sensor (DTPS), possesses the capability to replace the accelerometer or directional microphone currently being used for inspecting pavement conditions. By measuring dynamic pressure changes inside the tire, ground vibration can be amplified and isolated from environmental noise. In this work, verifications of the DTPS concept of sensing inside the tire have been carried out. In addition, comparisons between a DTPS, ground-mounted accelerometer, and directional microphone are made. A data analysis algorithm has been developed and optimized to reconstruct ground acceleration from DTPS data. Numerical and experimental studies of this DTPS reveal a strong potential for measuring ground vibration caused by a moving vehicle. A calibration of transfer function between dynamic tire pressure change and ground acceleration may be needed for different tire system or for more accurate application.
Exploiting the Reversibility of Natural Product Glycosyltransferase-Catalyzed Reactions (2006)

Glycosyltransferases (GTs), an essential class of ubiquitous enzymes, are generally perceived as unidirectional catalysts. In contrast, we report that four glycosyltransferases from two distinct natural product biosynthetic pathways-calicheamicin and vancomycin-readily catalyze reversible reactions, allowing sugars and aglycons to be exchanged with ease. As proof of the broader applicability of these new reactions, more than 70 differentially glycosylated calicheamicin and vancomycin variants are reported. This study suggests the reversibility of GT-catalyzed reactions may be general and useful for generating exotic nucleotide sugars, establishing in vitro GT activity in complex systems, and enhancing natural product diversity.
The Virtual Cyclone: A Device for Nonimpact Particle Separation (1997)

ABSTRACT The virtual cyclone, a geometrically uncomplicated device that separates particles from a flow stream by nonimpact particle separation, is discussed. In contradistinction to a cyclone, the particle-laden flow is deflected from its original direction by a wall that curves away from the original flow direction, rather than into it. The computational fluid dynamics code FIDAP (Fluid Dynamics International) is used to perform two-dimensional fluid-flow and particle-motion calculations for a representative device geometry. Flow patterns are found to be insensitive to Reynolds number for values above 100 regardless of whether the flow is laminar or turbulent. Particle-motion calculations for laminar-flow cases indicate that the virtual cyclone geometry examined accomplishes nonimpact particle separation. An approximate analytical relation describing virtual cyclone nonimpact particle separation is developed and found to be in agreement with the numerical simulations.
<title>Spectroscopic multilayer film thickness measurement system</title> (1996)

Accurate film thickness controls are indispensable for manufacturing defect-free semiconductor devices. Moreover, recent high integration requires simultaneous measurement of each film thickness and optical constants in multi-layers. This paper explains a microspectroscopic film thickness measurement system that measures film thickness at a very small spot (several micrometers in diameter) in several angstrom increments. This system also enables the user to measure film thickness on bulk wafers and SOI wafers, and determine optical constants of unknown films.
Photoacoustic ultrasound: theory (1994)

Localizing optical absorption within biologic tissue is compromised by the ubiquitous scattering of light that takes place within such tissues. As an alternative to purely optical detection schemes, regional absorption of optical radiation can be detected and localized within highly scattering tissues by detecting the acoustic waves that are produced whenever differential absorption of radiation takes place within such tissues. When the source of optical radiation is delivered in pulses of <EQ 1 microsecond(s) ec duration, the acoustic waves that are produced lie in the medical ultrasonic frequency range, and can be localized using conventional ultrasonic transducers and reconstruction methodology. Localizing such acoustic waves is not adversely affected by optical scattering. This paper introduces a simplistic theory of acoustic wave production within turbid media. The relationships among the irradiating optical pulse power, regional absorption, and strength of acoustic wave production are developed. Estimates of contrast and spatial resolution are presented, assuming a conventional, focused ultrasound transducer and translational scanning are used. Initial theoretical work indicates that optical absorption can be localized with millimeter spatial resolution for 10% absorption or less in biologic tissues as thick as 6.0 cm using safe levels of optical radiation.
K-Means+ID3: A Novel Method for Supervised Anomaly Detection by Cascading K-Means Clustering and ID3 Decision Tree Learning Methods (2007)

In this paper, we present "k-means+ID3", a method to cascade k-means clustering and the ID3 decision tree learning methods for classifying anomalous and normal activities in a computer network, an active electronic circuit, and a mechanical mass-beam system. The k-means clustering method first partitions the training instances into k clusters using Euclidean distance similarity. On each cluster, representing a density region of normal or anomaly instances, we build an ID3 decision tree. The decision tree on each cluster refines the decision boundaries by learning the subgroups within the cluster. To obtain a final decision on classification, the decisions of the k-means and ID3 methods are combined using two rules: 1) the nearest-neighbor rule and 2) the nearest-consensus rule. We perform experiments on three data sets: 1) network anomaly data (NAD), 2) Duffing equation data (DED), and 3) mechanical system data (MSD), which contain measurements from three distinct application domains of computer networks, an electronic circuit implementing a forced Duffing equation, and a mechanical system, respectively. Results show that the detection accuracy of the k-means+ID3 method is as high as 96.24 percent at a false-positive-rate of 0.03 percent on NAD; the total accuracy is as high as 80.01 percent on MSD and 79.9 percent on DED