gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Transfer function analysis for clinical evaluation of dynamic cerebral autoregulation a comparison between spontaneous and respiratory-induced oscillations (2002)

Oscillations of arterial blood pressure (ABP) and cerebral blood flow velocity (CBFV) can be used for non-invasive assessment of cerebral autoregulation using transfer function analysis. Either spontaneous oscillations (SPO) around 0.1 Hz or respiratory induced oscillations during deep breathing (DB) at a rate of 6/min have been used so far. We investigated 168 patients with severe carotid stenosis or occlusion to evaluate transfer function analysis and compare the SPO and DB approaches. ABP was assessed non-invasively (Finapres), CBFV was measured in the middle cerebral artery using transcranial Doppler sonography. Transfer function phase (P) and gain (G) were extracted from the respective spectra in a low (0.06-0.12 Hz) and high (0.20-0.30 Hz) frequency range (LF, HF) of SPO and from the 0.1 (LF) and 0.2 (HF) Hz peaks induced by DB. For SPO, significant side-to-side differences and differences between groups of severe and critical stenosis were found for P(LF), while P(HF) did not prove to be a significant parameter. G(LF) showed significant side-to-side differences, while G(HF) additionally differed significantly between severe and critical stenosis and occlusion, respectively. For DB, significant side-to-side differences were found for P(LF, HF). Mainly G(HF) differed significantly between the affected and contralateral sides, while both HF and LF gains showed lower values in groups with a higher degree of stenosis. Correlation between G and P values was generally poor. Using Bland-Altman plots a poor inter-method agreement was found mainly for P. Correlations between SPO and DB were higher for G than for P (LF r = 0.64 versus 0.44, HF 0.69 versus 0.28). Analysing reproducibility in 16 patients, only for P(LF, HF) of DB was a highly significant correlation found (Spearman's r up to 0.78). For G(LF, HF) correlations were significant for both SPO and DB with slightly higher r coefficients for SPO. In conclusion, the present study showed that (1) transfer functions P and G represent different information for characterization of dynamic cerebral autoregulation in the frequency domain. (2) Inter-method agreement between DB and SPO is poor for P and moderate for G values. (3) P extracted from DB has a higher reproducibility. (4) The extraction of P and G from the SPO phase spectra is critical and future work on standardizing this process is needed. (5) At present, the DB protocol might be slightly advantageous as a routine diagnostic tool.
Regulation of multiple DNA repair pathways by the Fanconi anemia protein SLX4 (2012)

SLX4, the newly identified Fanconi anemia protein, FANCP, is implicated in repairing DNA damage induced by DNA interstrand cross-linking (ICL) agents, topoisomerase I (TOP1) inhibitors, and in Holliday junction resolution. It interacts with and enhances the activity of XPF-ERCC1, MUS81-EME1, and SLX1 nucleases, but the requirement for the specific nucleases in SLX4 function is unclear. Here, by complementing a null FA-P Fanconi anemia cell line with SLX4 mutants that specifically lack the interaction with each of the nucleases, we show that the SLX4-dependent XPF-ERCC1 activity is essential for ICL repair but is dispensable for repairing TOP1 inhibitor-induced DNA lesions. Conversely, MUS81-SLX4 interaction is critical for resistance to TOP1 inhibitors but is less important for ICL repair. Mutation of SLX4 that abrogates interaction with SLX1 results in partial resistance to both cross-linking agents and TOP1 inhibitors. These results demonstrate that SLX4 modulates multiple DNA repair pathways by regulating appropriate nucleases.
The relationship of diet to cancer, cardiovascular disease and longevity. (1991)

Diet is linked to the etiology of about 50% of all cancers, acting as a promoter, in the multi-step pathogenesis of cancer. Research indicates that a high-fat and low-fiber diet increases the risk for some cancers. The aim is to have people eat a low-fat diet of 25% or less of total daily calories and a high-fiber diet of 20-30 gm/daily. Research also indicates that a lack of host resistance increases the risk for cancer, acting as a promoter. Vitamins A, B6, C & E and the minerals selenium and zinc have proved to be safe and since they have shown some evidence of being able to restore or maintain immunocompetence they are recommended as dietary supplements. Exercise, a low-fat and high-fiber diet and avoiding obesity are not only important in reducing cancer incidence and thereby increasing longevity but they are also important in reducing the incidence of cardiovascular disease, i.e., strokes and coronary heart disease. Total cholesterol levels less than 200 mg/dl are desirable, those between 200-239 mg/dl place patients at borderline risk and those 240 mg/dl or higher place them at high risk. Of equal, or even greater importance are the levels of the "bad cholesterol" LDL that produces arteriosclerosis. Levels less than 130 mg/dl are desirable, those between 130-159 place patients at borderline risk and those over 160 mg/dl place them at high risk. The higher the levels are for the "good cholesterol' HDL, then the lower is the risk, with the norms being 30-75 mg/dl.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
A random finite set approach for dynamic occupancy grid maps with real-time application (2018)

Grid mapping is a well-established approach for environment perception in robotic and automotive applications. Early work suggests estimating the occupancy state of each grid cell in a robot’s environment using a Bayesian filter to recursively combine new measurements with the current posterior state estimate of each grid cell. This filter is often referred to as binary Bayes filter. A basic assumption of classical occupancy grid maps is a stationary environment. Recent publications describe bottom-up approaches using particles to represent the dynamic state of a grid cell and outline prediction-update recursions in a heuristic manner. This paper defines the state of multiple grid cells as a random finite set, which allows to model the environment as a stochastic, dynamic system with multiple obstacles, observed by a stochastic measurement system. It motivates an original filter called the probability hypothesis density / multi-instance Bernoulli (PHD/MIB) filter in a top-down manner. The paper presents a real-time application serving as a fusion layer for laser and radar sensor data and describes in detail a highly efficient parallel particle filter implementation. A quantitative evaluation shows that parameters of the stochastic process model affect the filter results as theoretically expected and that appropriate process and observation models provide consistent state estimation results.
Piezoresistive Graphene/P(VDF-TrFE) Heterostructure Based Highly Sensitive and Flexible Pressure Sensor (2019)

We report on a novel graphene/P(VDF-TrFE) heterostructure based highly sensitive, flexible, and biocompatible pressure/strain sensor developed through a facile and low-cost fabrication technique. The high piezoelectric coefficient of P(VDF-TrFE) coupled with outstanding electrical properties of graphene makes the sensor device highly sensitive, with an average sensitivity of 0.76 kPa<sup>-1</sup>, a gauge factor of 445, and signal-to-noise ratio of 60.8 dB in the range of pressure up to 45 mmHg. A model was proposed to explain the sensor operation, based on carrier density and mobility changes induced by the piezoelectric charge generated in response to strain, which was supported by Hall measurements and Raman spectroscopy. Potential applications in wearable sensing for human activity monitoring were also demonstrated.
Edible starch films and coatings characterization: scanning electron microscopy, water vapor, and gas permeabilities (1999)

Abstract Effects of coating formulation (starch type and plasticizer) on microstructure, water vapor, and gas permeabilities of films and coatings were analyzed. Plasticizer addition was necessary for films and coatings integrity to avoid pores and cracks. A satisfactory correlation between microstructure observations by scanning electron microscopy, electronic thickness measurements, and water vapor and gas permeability determinations was observed. Films and coatings with high amylose content starches showed lower water vapor and gas permeabilities compared with films and coatings with medium amylose content starches. Films and coatings with sorbitol showed lower water vapor and gas permeabilities than those with glycerol, with the most effective plasticizer concentration being 20 g/l.
A Novel CRM1-mediated Nuclear Export Signal Governs Nuclear Accumulation of Glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate Dehydrogenase following Genotoxic Stress (2004)

Glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH) is a multifunctional protein with glycolytic and non-glycolytic functions, including pro-apoptotic activity. GAPDH accumulates in the nucleus after cells are treated with genotoxic drugs, and it is present in a protein complex that binds DNA modified by thioguanine incorporation. We identified a novel CRM1-dependent nuclear export signal (NES) comprising 13 amino acids (KKVVKQASEGPLK) in the C-terminal domain of GAPDH, truncation or mutation of which abrogated CRM1 binding and caused nuclear accumulation of GAPDH. Alanine scanning of the sequence encompassing the putative NES demonstrated at least two regions important for nuclear export. Site mutagenesis of Lys259 did not affect oligomerization but impaired nuclear efflux of GAPDH, indicating that this amino acid residue is essential for proper functioning of this NES. This novel NES does not contain multiple leucine residues unlike other CRM1-interacting NES, is conserved in GAPDH from multiple species, and has sequence similarities to the export signal found in feline immunodeficiency virus Rev protein. Similar sequences (KKVV*7-13PLK) were found in two other human proteins, U5 small nuclear ribonucleoprotein, and transcription factor BT3.
Integrated electromyogram and eye-gaze tracking cursor control system for computer users with motor disabilities (2008)

This research pursued the conceptualization, implementation, and testing of a system that allows for computer cursor control without requiring hand movement. The target user group for this system are individuals who are unable to use their hands because of spinal dysfunction or other afflictions. The system inputs consisted of electromyogram (EMG) signals from muscles in the face and point-of-gaze coordinates produced by an eye-gaze tracking (EGT) system. Each input was processed by an algorithm that produced its own cursor update information. These algorithm outputs were fused to produce an effective and efficient cursor control. Experiments were conducted to compare the performance of EMG/EGT, EGT-only, and mouse cursor controls. The experiments revealed that, although EMG/EGT control was slower than EGT-only and mouse control, it effectively controlled the cursor without a spatial accuracy limitation and also facilitated a reliable click operation.
Change Management of Shared and Local Versions of Health-Care Terminologies (2000)

Local sites that adopt a shared health-care terminology for computer-based systems have local needs that prompt the local-terminology maintainers to make changes to the local version of the shared terminology. If the local site is motivated to conform to the shared terminology, then the burden lies with the local site to manage its own changes and to incorporate the changes of the shared version at periodic intervals. We call this process synchronization. We survey current approaches that address problems of sharing and local modification, and we present the CONCORDIA model, which supports carefully controlled divergence of a local version from a shared terminology. CONCORDIA provides the underlying design and methodology for the implementation of a synchronization-support tool.
Development of New Technologies Targeting Zero Emissions for Gasoline Engines (2000)

<div class="htmlview paragraph">This paper describes new technologies for achieving exhaust emission levels much below the SULEV standards in California, which are the most stringent among the currently proposed regulations in the world. Catalyst light-off time, for example, has been significantly reduced through the adoption of a catalyst substrate with an ultra-thin wall thickness of 2 mil and a catalyst coating specifically designed for quicker light-off. A highly-efficient HC trap system has been realized by combining a two-stage HC trap design with an improved HC trap catalyst. The cold-start HC emission level has been greatly reduced by an electronically actuated swirl control valve with a high-speed starter. Further, an improved Air Fuel Ratio (AFR) control method has achieved much higher catalyst HC and NOx conversion efficiency.</div>
Reaction of SDS with Ozone and OH Radicals in Aqueous Solution (2007)

Ozone can be used as an antiseptic in cleaning systems. SDS (Sodium Dodecyl Sulfate) has proved to be a suitable surfactant in such systems. However, kinetic studies have showed that SDS reacts with ozone at high concentrations. In contrast, the natural decomposition of ozone to oxygen is retarded at low SDS concentrations. NMR spectroscopic analyses of SDS solutions being continuously treated with ozone and OH radicals, respectively, have been performed. 1H-, 13C-, COSY-, HMBC- and HSQC-NMR spectra were recorded showing that small carboxyl acids were formed at exposure to ozone. Randomly positioned carbonyl groups were also found along the hydrocarbon chain. However, the largest product was caused by direct reaction of SDS with ozone. The predominant product most likely is a SDS-peroxide. 1H –NMR spectra of the samples treated with OH radicals also show the formation of small carboxylic and carbonyl groups. However, there is no indication of oxidation of the sulphate group.
Alternative methods for uncertainty evaluation in EUV scatterometry (2013)

The precise and accurate determination of critical dimensions of photo masks and their uncertainties is important in the lithographic process to ensure operational reliability of electronic compounds. Scatterometry is known as a fast, non-destructive optical method for the indirect determination of geometry parameters. In recent years novel methods for solving the inverse problem of scatterometry have enabled a more reliable determination of grating parameters. In this article we present results from maximum likelihood parameter estimations based on numerically simulated EUV scatterometry data. We approximately determine uncertainties of these parameters by a Monte Carlo method with a limited amount of samplings and by employing the Fisher information matrix. Furthermore, we demonstrate that the use of incomplete mathematical models may lead to severe distortions in the calculations of the uncertainties by the approximate Fisher matrix approach as well as to substantially larger uncertainties for the Monte Carlo method.
P‐62: High‐Frequency Driving of Address Electrodes for AC Plasma Display to Enhance the Luminace and Luminous Efficiency (2002)

Abstract A novel driving scheme applying high‐frequency oscillating waveform to the data electrodes of the conventional PDP is proposed in this paper. More VUV is generated by the high‐frequency waveform so that the luminance and luminous efficiency could be improved. Under experiments on an 8.5‐inch panel, the luminance is improved and the luminous efficiency is enhanced more than 40%.
Reshaping, Fragmentation, and Assembly of Gold Nanoparticles Assisted by Pulse Lasers (2016)

The vast majority of the outstanding applications of metal nanoparticles (NPs) developed during the last two decades have arisen from their unique optical properties. Within this context, rational synthesis and assembly of gold NPs have been the main research focus, aiming at the design of nanoplasmonic devices with tailored optical functionalities. The progress made in this field is thus to be ascribed to the understanding of the origin of the interaction between light and such gold nanostructures, the dynamics of which have been thoroughly investigated with significant contributions from short and ultrashort pulse laser technologies. We focus this Account on the potential of pulse lasers to provide new fundamental insights into the electron dynamics involved in the interaction of light with the free conduction electrons of Au NPs, that is, localized surface plasmon resonances (LSPRs). The excitation of LSPRs with a femtosecond pulse laser is followed by thermalization of the Au NP electrons and the subsequent relaxation of the nanocrystal lattice and the surrounding environment, which generally results in surface melting. By contrast, nanosecond irradiation usually induces AuNP fragmentation and uncontrolled melting due to overlapping excitation and relaxation phenomena. These concepts have been exploited toward the preparation of highly monodisperse gold nanospheres via pulse laser irradiation of polyhedral nanocrystal colloids, or in the fabrication of nanostructures with "written-in" optical properties. The applicability of pulsed coherent light has been extended toward the direct synthesis and manipulation of Au NPs. Through ablation of a gold target in a liquid with pulse lasers, spherical Au NPs can be synthesized with no need of stabilizing ligands, which is a great advantage in terms of reducing toxicity, rendering these NPs particularly suitable for medical applications. In addition, femtosecond laser irradiation has been proven a unique tool for the controlled welding of plasmonic gold nanostructures by electromagnetic field enhancement at the hot spots of assembled Au NPs. The combination of such nanostructures with pulse lasers promises significant chemical and biochemical advances, including the structural determination of organic reaction intermediates, the investigation of phase transitions in inorganic nanomaterials at mild reaction conditions, or the efficient photothermal destruction of cancer cells avoiding damage of surrounding tissue.
A returned energy architecture for improved photovoltaic systems efficiency (2010)

A major loss mechanism in photovoltaic (PV) power systems is known as mismatch loss, which may result in up to 30% power reduction, depending on a PV system's installation configuration and atmospheric conditions. To overcome excess losses due to mismatch losses, a new photovoltaic architecture is proposed which applies an internal power feedback (RECCs - returned energy current converters) to restore the symmetry among the PV modules i-v curves. This results in recovery of most of the internally trapped energy. The RECC units are realized by means of power electronics.
Optimization-based image reconstruction from sparse-view data in offset-detector CBCT (2012)

The field of view (FOV) of a cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) unit in a single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT)/CBCT system can be increased by offsetting the CBCT detector. Analytic-based algorithms have been developed for image reconstruction from data collected at a large number of densely sampled views in offset-detector CBCT. However, the radiation dose involved in a large number of projections can be of a health concern to the imaged subject. CBCT-imaging dose can be reduced by lowering the number of projections. As analytic-based algorithms are unlikely to reconstruct accurate images from sparse-view data, we investigate and characterize in the work optimization-based algorithms, including an adaptive steepest descent-weighted projection onto convex sets (ASD-WPOCS) algorithms, for image reconstruction from sparse-view data collected in offset-detector CBCT. Using simulated data and real data collected from a physical pelvis phantom and patient, we verify and characterize properties of the algorithms under study. Results of our study suggest that optimization-based algorithms such as ASD-WPOCS may be developed for yielding images of potential utility from a number of projections substantially smaller than those used currently in clinical SPECT/CBCT imaging, thus leading to a dose reduction in CBCT imaging.
New Developments in the Discovery of Agents to Treat Hepatitis C (2008)

Hepatitis C virus (HCV) has deceived researchers for seventeen years now and although the current therapy regimen has been optimized by the development of pegylated interferon-alpha and the addition of ribavirin, no new agent to treat HCV infected patients has yet reached the market. A new era is approaching the HCV research due to new developments for the propagation of the virus in a cell-based system, which may lead to new drug innovations. Efforts in the search of new treatments for HCV infected patients are either focused on direct antiviral drugs, targeting the structural components or enzymes encoded by the virus, or indirect antiviral drugs, targeting host cell components (immunomodulators etc.). An inspection of the drug pipeline for HCV reveals representatives from both classes and of different mechanisms of action. Among the direct acting antiviral agents, inhibitors of the NS3 protease, the NS5B polymerase, and the viral RNA are the most intensively explored. However, there is also on-going and promising preclinical research, in different stages, on other potential targets as the structural protein E2 (for cell-entry inhibitors), the NS3 helicase, the p7 ion-channel, and the multifunctional NS5A protein. The combat of HCV will certainly require a combination of drugs of different mechanisms in order to reduce the emergence of resistance. The latest developments in the discovery of agents to treat HCV are reviewed, with special focus on direct small-molecule antiviral drugs, from a medicinal chemistry perspective.
Intelligent binding in the engineering of automation systems using ontology and web services (2003)

In an integrated automation system a well-designed data model and computation model are required. For the engineering of such a system one often faces a challenge of finding the suitable computation elements defined in the computation model for the data defined in the data model, especially when the data model and the computation model are complex. In this paper we will use the ontology technology and Web services to address the challenge in an intelligent way. We will present the required ontology model including the formal expression, the binding conditions, the object model, XML representation and the corresponding system architecture for implementation. Evaluation is also given to show the usefulness of the approach.
A Review of Current and Prospective Factors for Classification of Civil Unmanned Aircraft Systems (2014)

While progress is being made on integrating unmanned aircraft systems (UAS) into our national airspace on a broad scale, much work remains to establish appropriate certification standards and operational procedures, particularly with respect to routine commercial operations. This paper summarizes research to examine the extent to which today's civil aircraft taxonomy applies to UAS, and, if needed, how that taxonomy could be amended to better cover different UAS designs and operations. Factors that shape the current taxonomy, as defined in the Federal Aviation Regulations, were assessed for applicability to UAS, potential incompatibilities were identified, and additional factors were proposed that might be useful for an updated aircraft taxonomy intended to cover UAS. The results suggest the possibility of constructing new groups in the taxonomy for UAS under a restricted category that share common airworthiness standards. Establishing distinct groups for UAS and associated standards that enable low risk operations for compensation or hire could be a timely step toward full integration. Such a step would allow the civil aviation industry and regulators to gain valuable experience with UAS while carefully controlling access and potential harm to the aviation system as a whole.