gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Optical Thromboelastography to evaluate whole blood coagulation (2014)

Measurement of blood viscoelasticity during clotting provides a direct metric of haemostatic conditions. Therefore, technologies that quantify blood viscoelasticity at the point-of-care are invaluable for diagnosing coagulopathies. We present a new approach, Optical Thromboelastography (OTEG) that measures the viscoelastic properties of coagulating blood by evaluating temporal laser speckle fluctuations, reflected from a few blood drops. During coagulation, platelet-fibrin clot formation restricts the mean square displacements (MSD) of scatterers and decelerates speckle fluctuations. Cross-correlation analysis of speckle frames provides the speckle intensity temporal autocorrelation, g2 (t), from which MSD is deduced and the viscoelastic modulus of blood is estimated. Our results demonstrate a close correspondence between blood viscoelasticity evaluated by OTEG and mechanical rheometry. Spatio-temporal speckle analyses yield 2-dimensional maps of clot viscoelasticity, enabling the identification of micro-clot formation at distinct rates in normal and coagulopathic specimens. These findings confirm the unique capability of OTEG for the rapid evaluation of patients' coagulation status and highlight the potential for point-of-care use.
User Specific Request Redirection in a Content Delivery Network (2006)

This paper discusses user specific request redirection for personalizing responses to user requests in Content Delivery Networks (CDN). User specific request redirection refers to the process of redirecting user requests to a server on the content delivery network based on user specific information carried in the user request. Current redirection schemes in CDNs are either based on the authoritative DNS model or the URL rewrite model. The authoritative DNS model is not flexible to support user specific redirection as user specific information is not available to the DNS server; the URL rewrite model cannot support user specific redirection in practice because of the cost of on-the-fly URL rewrites required on a per user request basis. We discuss a technique that allows for flexible user specific request redirection. The technique is simple enough to be implemented at wire-speed in a switch.
Full‐azimuth angle domain imaging (2008)

This work presents a new seismic imaging system for generating and extracting high‐resolution information about subsurface angle dependent reflectivity, with simultaneous emphasis on both continuous structural surfaces and discontinuous objects, such as faults and small‐scale fractures. The system enables full‐azimuth, angle‐dependent seismic imaging using reflection data recorded through seismic acquisition surveys, especially wide‐azimuth and long offset data. Geometrical attributes, such as dip‐azimuth and continuity of the local reflecting surfaces, can be automatically extracted directly from the full‐azimuth angle gathers. Azimuthal anisotropy can be detected, leading to an accurate anisotropy model representation.
Recompression of JPEG images by requantization (2003)

In this paper, we report a novel heuristic for requantizing JPEG images. The resulting images are generally smaller and often have improved perceptual image quality over a "blind" requantization approach, that is, one that does not consider the properties of the quantization matrices. The heuristic is supported by a detailed mathematical treatment which incorporates the well-known Laplacian distribution of the AC discrete cosine transform (DCT) coefficients with an analysis of the error introduced by requantization. We note that the technique is applicable to any image compression method which employs discrete cosine transforms and quantization.
Na<sub>v</sub>2/NaG Channel Is Involved in Control of Salt-Intake Behavior in the CNS (2000)

Na(v)2/NaG is a putative sodium channel, whose physiological role has long been an enigma. We generated Na(v)2 gene-deficient mice by inserting the lacZ gene. Analysis of the targeted mice allowed us to identify Na(v)2-producing cells by examining the lacZ expression. Besides in the lung, heart, dorsal root ganglia, and Schwann cells in the peripheral nervous system, Na(v)2 was expressed in neurons and ependymal cells in restricted areas of the CNS, particularly in the circumventricular organs, which are involved in body-fluid homeostasis. Under water-depleted conditions, c-fos expression was markedly elevated in neurons in the subfornical organ and organum vasculosum laminae terminalis compared with wild-type animals, suggesting a hyperactive state in the Na(v)2-null mice. Moreover, the null mutants showed abnormal intakes of hypertonic saline under both water- and salt-depleted conditions. These findings suggest that the Na(v)2 channel plays an important role in the central sensing of body-fluid sodium level and regulation of salt intake behavior.
Vision guided multi-probe assembly of 3D microstructures (2010)

This paper describes the operator assisted automated assembly of a 3-legged spatial platform by using a vision guided multi-probe assembly process. This is the first step towards the ultimate goal of building a microscale active spatial platform. Two issues are highlighted in this paper: contact management and vision feedback. Using multiple probes for part grasping and manipulation has the advantage of robustness and versatility as compared to micro-grippers. However, the contacts between the probes and the part need to be carefully managed to ensure a grasp that is stable for part pick-up and yet manipulable to allow part motion in a controlled fashion. By using vision guidance, the probes can be coordinated to grasp the parts and lift them off the die securely and reliably. We show that the contacts act as point contacts with friction, so when a part is pressed against a stationary probe, the part rotates about the axis between the contacts, changing its orientation so it may be inserted into a slot in the substrate. We have demonstrated that the three legs can be assembled in a fully automated fashion via multiple-camera vision feedback. The platform is at present assembled via tele-operation. The assembled microstructure measures 450 µm×600 µm. We are now working on the full automation of the assembly onto a substrate populated with MEMS actuators.
Components of a Calmodulin-dependent Protein Kinase Cascade (1998)

Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent protein kinases I and IV (CaMKI and CaMKIV, respectively) require phosphorylation on an equivalent single Thr in the activation loop of subdomain VIII for maximal activity. Two distinct CaMKI/IV kinases, CaMKKalpha and CaMKKbeta, were purified from rat brain and partially sequenced (Edelman, A. M., Mitchelhill, K., Selbert, M. A., Anderson, K. A., Hook, S. S., Stapleton, D., Goldstein, E. G., Means, A. R., and Kemp, B. E. (1996) J. Biol. Chem. 271, 10806-10810). We report here the cloning and sequencing of cDNAs for human and rat CaMKKbeta, tissue and regional brain localization of CaMKKbeta protein, and mRNA and functional characterization of recombinant CaMKKbeta in vitro and in Jurkat T cells. The sequences of human and rat CaMKKbeta demonstrate 65% identity and 80% similarity with CaMKKalpha and 30-40% identity with CaMKI and CaMKIV themselves. CaMKKbeta is broadly distributed among rat tissues with highest levels in CaMKIV-expressing tissues such as brain, thymus, spleen, and testis. In brain, CaMKKbeta tracks more closely with CaMKIV than does CaMKKalpha. Bacterially expressed CaMKKbeta undergoes intramolecular autophosphorylation, is regulated by Ca2+/CaM, and phosphorylates CaMKI and CaMKIV on Thr177 and Thr200, respectively. CaMKKbeta activates both CaMKI and CaMKIV when coexpressed in Jurkat T cells as judged by phosphorylated cAMP response element-binding protein-dependent reporter gene expression. CaMKKbeta activity is enhanced by elevation of intracellular Ca2+, although substantial activity is observed at the resting Ca2+ concentration. The strict Ca2+ requirement of CaMKIV-dependent phosphorylation of cAMP response element-binding protein, is therefore controlled at the level of CaMKIV rather than CaMKK.
Dynamic Binaural Cue Adaptation (2018)

Binaural recording using artificial heads is a common method to record acoustic scenes spatially. A drawback of this method has been its inability to incorporate head movements by listeners during playback, with detrimental effects such as in-head localization. Adapting recorded acoustic scenes to head movements has so far required different recording techniques involving microphone arrays and more than two channels. This contribution presents a new approach to adapt conventional two-channel binaural recordings to head movements by analyzing and modifying the cues contained in the binaural signal. According to a listening test, the proposed algorithm works with signals recorded in reverberant single-source as well as multi-source scenes. Therefore, it opens up the possibility to improve localization, externalization and realism of traditional binaural recordings.
Synthesis of para‐Alkyl Aryl Amide Analogues of Sphingosine‐1‐phosphate: Discovery of Potent S1P Receptor Agonists. (2003)

Abstract For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Characterization of the Prolyl Dipeptidyl Peptidase Gene ( <i>dppIV</i> ) from the Koji Mold <i>Aspergillus oryzae</i> (1998)

The koji mold Aspergillus oryzae secretes a prolyl dipeptidyl peptidase (DPPIV) when the fungus is cultivated in a medium containing wheat gluten as the sole nitrogen and carbon source (MMWG). We cloned and sequenced the DPPIV gene from an A. oryzae library by using the A. fumigatus dppIV gene as a probe. Reverse transcriptase PCR experiments showed that the A. oryzae dppIV gene consists of two exons, the first of which is only 6 bp long. The gene encodes an 87.2-kDa polypeptide chain which is secreted into the medium as a 95-kDa glycoprotein. Introduction of this gene into A. oryzae leads to overexpression of prolyl dipeptidyl peptidase activity, while disruption of the gene abolishes all prolyl dipeptidyl peptidase activity in MMWG. The dppIV null mutants did not exhibit any change in phenotype other than the absence of prolyl dipeptidyl peptidase activity, suggesting that this activity is not essential. This loss of activity diminished the number of dipeptides and increased the number of larger peptides present in the MMWG culture broth. These effects were reversed by the addition of purified, recombinant DPPIV from the methylotrophic yeast expression vector Pichia pastoris. Our results suggest that the DPPIV enzyme may be of importance in industrial hydrolysis of what gluten-based substrates, which are rich in Pro residues.
Identification of squamous cell carcinoma antigen-derived peptides having the capacity of inducing cancer-reactive CTLs in HLA-A24+ cancer patients (2006)

Squamous cell carcinoma antigen (SCCA) is a useful marker for SCCs. In this study, we attempted to identify SCCA-derived peptides that could be applied in the development of specific immunotherapy for HLA-A24+ cancer patients with SCC or non-SCC. A variety of SCC and non-SCC lines were examined for their expression of SCCA mRNA using quantitative PCR. SCCA protein expression in cancer tissues was investigated by immunohistochemical staining. Thereafter, SCCA-derived peptide candidates were prepared based on their binding motifs to HLA-A24 molecules. Among these peptides, SCCA-derived peptides that were frequently recognized by humoral immunity were further tested for their ability to induce cancer-reactive cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs) from the peripheral blood mononuclear cells of HLA-A24+ patients with SCC or non-SCC. As a result, the majority of SCC lines and tissues were positive for SCCA both at mRNA and protein levels. By contrast, non-SCC cancer tissues hardly expressed it at the protein level, although adenocarcinoma cell lines partly expressed it at the mRNA level. Four SCCA-derived peptides were frequently recognized by immunoglobulin G of both SCC and non-SCC cancer patients. Among these peptides, both the SCCA(112-120) and SCCA(215-224) peptides were found to effectively induce peptide-specific CTLs toward HLA-A24+ SCCA+ cancer cells from the peripheral blood mononuclear cells of both SCC and non-SCC cancer patients. Two newly identified SCCA-derived peptides with the ability to induce CTL activity in both SCC and non-SCC cancer patients may be applicable to specific immunotherapy for HLA-A24+ cancer patients with SCC, but not those with non-SCC.
Repetitive sequence element cloned from Leptospira interrogans serovar hardjo type hardjo-bovis provides a sensitive diagnostic probe for bovine leptospirosis (1988)

A repetitive sequence element was cloned from the primary etiological agent causing bovine leptospirosis in North America, Leptospira interrogans serovar hardjo type hardjo-bovis. This element was used to design a sensitive diagnostic probe which distinguishes hardjo-bovis from other pathogenic leptospires which commonly infect domestic animals in North America and discriminates between hardjo-bovis and the reference strain for serovar hardjo, hardjoprajitno. By using this probe, it was possible to identify infected cattle shedding hardjo-bovis in their urine. This is the first practical demonstration of a cloned DNA probe for leptospirosis, and it provides a sensitive method for studying the transmission and pathogenesis of L. interrogans infections. Control measures for L. interrogans infections may now be improved by rapidly and efficiently identifying infected animals.
Compact cantilever couplers for low-loss fiber coupling to silicon photonic integrated circuits (2011)

We demonstrate coupling from tapered optical fibers to 450 nm by 250 nm silicon strip waveguides using compact cantilever couplers. The couplers consist of silicon inverse width tapers embedded within silicon dioxide cantilevers. Finite difference time domain simulations are used to design the length of the silicon inverse width taper to as short as 6.5 μm for a cantilever width of 2 μm. Modeling of various strip waveguide taper profiles shows reduced coupling losses for a quadratic taper profile. Infrared measurements of fabricated devices demonstrate average coupling losses of 0.62 dB per connection for the quasi-TE mode and 0.50 dB per connection for the quasi-TM mode across the optical telecommunications C band. In the wavelength range from 1477 nm to 1580 nm, coupling losses for both polarizations are less than 1 dB per connection. The compact, broadband, and low-loss coupling scheme enables direct access to photonic integrated circuits on an entire chip surface without the need for dicing or cleaving the chip.
Haptics with Input: Back-EMF in Linear Resonant Actuators to Enable Touch, Pressure and Environmental Awareness (2020)

Today's wearable and mobile devices typically use separate hardware components for sensing and actuation. In this work, we introduce new opportunities for the Linear Resonant Actuator (LRA), which is ubiquitous in such devices due to its capability for providing rich haptic feedback. By leveraging strategies to enable active and passive sensing capabilities with LRAs, we demonstrate their benefits and potential as self-contained I/O devices. Specifically, we use the back-EMF voltage to classify if the LRA is tapped, touched, as well as how much pressure is being applied. The back-EMF sensing is already integrated into many motor and LRA drivers. We developed a passive low-power tap sensing method that uses just 37.7 uA. Furthermore, we developed active touch and pressure sensing, which is low-power, quiet (2 dB), and minimizes vibration. The sensing method works with many types of LRAs. We show applications, such as pressure-sensing side-buttons on a mobile phone. We have also implemented our technique directly on an existing mobile phone's LRA to detect if the phone is handheld or placed on a soft or hard surface. Finally, we show that this method can be used for haptic devices to determine if the LRA makes good contact with the skin. Our approach can add rich sensing capabilities to the ubiquitous LRA actuators without requiring additional sensors or hardware.
A Small Low-Cost SAR Satellite for InSAR Measurements of Permanent Scatterers (2004)

A major driver for the cost of a SAR satellite is the size of the antenna, which largely determines the dimensions of the payload, and, hence, indirectly of the whole satellite. Apart from influencing the sensitivity of the SAR, the dimensions of the SAR antenna also determine the width of the imaged swath and the strength of ambiguous responses. Ambiguities appear as ghosts or additional noise in the image. Techniques are discussed for suppress-ing ambiguities during processing, which are demonstrated to be viable for point targets. Targets with scattering characteristics which are stable over long periods of time can be used with interferometric SAR (InSAR) techniques to monitor small displacements. As these so-called permanent scatterers have point target characteristics and a relatively high RCS, a SAR instrument with a small antenna can be considered. It has been demonstrated that an interferometric SAR system measuring the long-term motion of permanent scatterers placed in geologically instable regions can serve a range of important and lucrative applications.
Local Event Detection Scheme by Analyzing Relevant Documents in Social Networks (2021)

In this paper, we propose a local event detection scheme by analyzing relevant documents in social networks to improve the accuracy of event detection. To detect local events by using geographical data, the proposed scheme embeds them using a geographical data dictionary and generates a weighted keyword graph using social network characteristics. The data left by users in social networks include not only postings but also related documents such as comments and threads. In this way, the proposed scheme detects a local event based on a keyword graph that is constructed through the analysis of the relevant documents. This can improve the accuracy of local event detection by analyzing relevant documents embedded with region-related information using a geographical data dictionary, without requiring users to tag geographic data. In order to verify the superiority of the proposed scheme, we compare it with the existing event detection schemes through various performance evaluations.
Silicon oxynitride microspheres as stationary phase for high performance liquid chromatography (2012)

Porous spherical silicon oxynitride material exhibits much improvement of chemical stability under high pH mobile phase condition, which can be used as the stationary phase in hydrophilic interaction chromatography mode, and modified to give hydrophobic surface through the interaction of surface Si–NH2 and Si–NH–Si groups with functionalized reagents.
Adaptive Mechanisms and Policies for Managing Cache Hierarchies in Chip Multiprocessors (2005)

With the ability to place large numbers of transistors on a single silicon chip, manufacturers have begun developing chip multiprocessors (CMPs) containing multiple processor cores, varying amounts of level 1 and level 2 caching, and on-chip directory structures for level 3 caches and memory. The level 3 cache may be used as a victim cache for both modified and clean lines evicted from on-chip level 2 caches. Efficient area and performance management of this cache hierarchy is paramount given the projected increase in access latency to off-chip memory. This paper proposes simple architectural extensions and adaptive policies for managing the L2 and L3 cache hierarchy in a CMP system. In particular, we evaluate two mechanisms that improve cache effectiveness. First, we propose the use of a small history table to provide hints to the L2 caches as to which lines are resident in the L3 cache. We employ this table to eliminate some unnecessary clean write backs to the L3 cache, reducing pressure on the L3 cache and utilization of the on-chip bus. Second, we examine the performance benefits of allowing write backs from L2 caches to be placed in neighboring, on-chip L2 caches rather than forcing them to be absorbed by the L3 cache. This not only reduces the capacity pressure on the L3 cache but also makes subsequent accesses faster since L2-to-L2 cache transfers have typically lower latencies than accesses to a large L3 cache array. We evaluate the performance improvement of these two designs, and their combined effect, on four commercial workloads and observe a reduction in the overall execution time of up to 13%.
In vivo MR imaging with simultaneous RF transmission and reception (2016)

A novel motion-insensitive STAR MRI technique was developed and experimentally tested. The first in vivo MR images using this method were acquired. Magn Reson Med 76:1932-1938, 2016. © 2016 International Society for Magnetic Resonance in Medicine.
Electrostatic discharge (ESD) protection in silicon-on-insulator (SOI) CMOS technology with aluminum and copper interconnects in advanced microprocessor semiconductor chips (2003)

This paper discusses the electrostatic discharge (ESD) robustness of silicon-on-insulator (SOI) high-pin-count high-performance semiconductor chips. The ESD results demonstrate that sufficient ESD protection levels are achievable in SOI microprocessors using lateral ESD SOI polysilicon-bound gated diodes without the need for additional masking steps, process implants or ESD design area.
Silicon Nitride Boundary Lubrication: Effect of Oxygenates (1995)

Abstract A ball-on-three-flat (BTF) wear tester was used to investigate the boundary lubricating characteristics of oxygenates on a commercial silicon nitride. A wide variety of oxygen-containing compounds were tested neat and/or at 1% by weight in a paraffin oil. Compounds containing hydroxyl functional groups were more effective compared to a base case of neat paraffin oil. Decreases of up to 58% in friction coefficient, and 95% in wear were obtained. In most cases, films were observed in and around the wear scar, suggesting chemical reactions had taken place in the contact. Additional wear tests, conducted using neat shorter-chain linear primary alcohols, i.e., 6–10 carbons, demonstrated boundary lubrication protection, with longer chain length providing better antiwear performance. A study of several C8 compounds with specific oxygen-containing functional groups (primary alcohol, secondary alcohols, acid, aldehyde, and ketone) demonstrated that the primary alcohol had the strongest boundary lubricating effect. Varying the amount of water in the alcohols had little effect on friction and wear, suggesting that the boundary lubrication effects observed were not merely due to dissolved water in these fluids, but some characteristic chemical interaction with the hydroxyl functional group of the alcohols and acids. Presented as a Society of Trlbologists and Lubrication Engineers paper at the ASME/STLE Trlbology Conference in Lahaina, Hawaii, October 16–20, 1994 KEY WORDS: Boundary LubricationFrictionWear Notes Presented as a Society of Trlbologists and Lubrication Engineers paper at the ASME/STLE Trlbology Conference in Lahaina, Hawaii, October 16–20, 1994