gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Tobacco MYC2 Regulates Jasmonate-Inducible Nicotine Biosynthesis Genes Directly and By Way of the NIC2-Locus ERF Genes (2011)

In Arabidopsis, the MYC2-family basic helix-loop-helix transcription factors mediate transcriptional regulation of jasmonate-responsive genes, and their transcriptional activities are suppressed by physical interactions with jasmonate-ZIM domain (JAZ) proteins. Jasmonate-inducible nicotine formation in Nicotiana plants has been shown to be suppressed by tobacco JAZ proteins, and be regulated by both MYC2-related and NIC2-locus ethylene response factor (ERF) transcription factors. We here show that tobacco MYC2 (NtMYC2) recognizes the G-box sequences, 5'-CAC(G/A)T(G/T)-3', found in the proximal promoter regions of several nicotine biosynthesis genes, including Putrescine N-Methyltransferase 2 (PMT2) and Quinolinate Phosphoribosyltransferase 2 (QPT2). Transient transactivation assays using cultured tobacco cells showed that NtMYC2 and NIC2-locus ERF189 additively activated the PMT2 and QPT2 promoters depending on their cognate binding sites. RNA interference (RNAi) silencing of NtMYC2 in tobacco hairy roots strongly decreased transcript levels of jasmonate-responsive structural genes, including those involved in nicotine biosynthesis, as well as the NIC2-locus ERF genes. Conversely, ERF189 was not required for the expression of NtMYC2. NtMYC2, but not ERF189, interacted with tobacoo JAZs in a yeast two-hybrid assay. These results indicate that NtMYC2 controls nicotine biosynthesis genes in two combinatorial ways, by directly binding the G-box in the target promoters and by up-regulating the NIC2-locus ERF genes.
Prevention of Type 2 Diabetes (2004)

Type 2 diabetes is increasing worldwide in epidemic proportions. Its associated morbidity and mortality is imposing a major burden on the health care system. Based on a better understanding of the pathophysiology of glucose intolerance, clinical trials on the prevention of diabetes have been performed. It has now been demonstrated that diet and exercise, metformin, acarbose, and troglitazone can prevent or at least delay the development of diabetes in subjects with impaired glucose tolerance (IGT). It is now generally accepted that insulin resistance and beta-cell dysfunction are major factors involved in the development of diabetes. The relative contribution of insulin resistance versus beta-cell dysfunction on the pathogenesis of diabetes has aroused much debate. These two processes should be studied in relation to one another: their relationship is best described as hyperbolic in nature. When this relationship is taken into consideration, it becomes evident that subjects at risk of developing type 2 diabetes have beta-cell dysfunction before they develop glucose intolerance. Insulin resistance may be mostly explained by the presence of obesity and accelerate the progression to diabetes in subjects with the propensity to beta-cell failure. By the time hyperglycemia occurs, impairment in both insulin sensitivity and insulin secretion are present. There are still few data on insulin sensitivity and insulin secretion from the trials on the prevention of diabetes. The few data that we do have suggest that most interventions mostly have an effect on insulin resistance. By reducing insulin resistance, they protect and preserve the beta-cell function. No intervention has yet shown any direct effect on beta-cell function.
Current topics in melanoma (2007)

Research is producing a more complete understanding of melanoma genetics and immune regulation. These are beginning to produce therapeutics that are impacting clinical practice.
Rosuvastatin 1.2 mg In Situ Gel Combined With 1:1 Mixture of Autologous Platelet‐Rich Fibrin and Porous Hydroxyapatite Bone Graft in Surgical Treatment of Mandibular Class II Furcation Defects: A Randomized Clinical Control Trial (2015)

Treatment of furcation defects with 1.2 mg RSV in situ gel combined with autologous PRF and porous HA bone graft results in significant improvements of clinical and radiographic parameters compared with OFD alone. These results imply that the combination of RSV, PRF, and HA has synergistic effects, explaining their role as a regenerative material in the treatment of furcation defects.
Successive QCQP Refinement for MIMO Radar Waveform Design Under Practical Constraints (2016)

The authors address the problem of designing a waveform for multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) radar under the important practical constraints of constant modulus and waveform similarity. Incorporating these constraints in an analytically tractable manner is a longstanding open challenge. This is due to the fact that the optimization problem that results from signal-to-interference-plus-noise ratio (SINR) maximization subject to these constraints is a hard non-convex problem. The authors develop a new analytical approach that involves solving a sequence of convex quadratically constrained quadratic programing (QCQP) problems, which they prove converges to a sub-optimal solution. Because an improvement in SINR results via solving each problem in the sequence, they call the method Successive QCQP Refinement (SQR). Furthermore, the proposed SQR method can be easily extended to incorporate emerging requirements of spectral coexistence, as shown briefly in this paper. The authors evaluate SQR against other candidate techniques with respect to SINR performance, beam pattern, and pulse compression properties in a variety of scenarios. Results show that SQR outperforms state-of-the-art methods that also employ constant modulus and/or similarity constraints while being computationally less burdensome.
A Magnetoplasmonic Imaging Agent for Copper(I) with Dual Response by MRI and Dark Field Microscopy (2013)

We present the design and synthesis of a responsive magnetoplasmonic assembly for copper(I) which allows monitoring of the concentration of the metal both in three dimensions by magnetic resonance imaging and with high spatial resolution by dark field microscopy. The probe consists of azide-functionalized iron oxide nanoparticles 11.6 nm in diameter and acetylene-terminated gold nanoparticles 44 nm in diameter that form three-dimensional networks of intermingled magnetic and plasmonic nanoparticles in the presence of copper. This aggregation results in a decrease in longitudinal relaxivity, and an initial increase followed by a sharp decrease in transverse relaxivity, a change observable both by T1- and T2-weighted images, concomitantly with a decrease of surface plasmon resonance intensity.
Id-1 is not expressed in the luminal epithelial cells of mammary glands (2003)

Id-1 is not expressed in the luminal epithelial cells of mammary glands.
Brewster angle with a negative-index material (2005)

The demonstration and confirmation of metamaterials with simultaneous negative permittivity and permeability, and thus a negative refractive index, has resulted in a surge of interest in the reflection and refraction phenomena at the interfaces of these so-called negative-index materials (NIMs). We present a systematic study of the Brewster angle, i.e., the angle of incidence at which no reflection occurs, for both TE and TM waves scattering at the interface between two semi-infinite planar media, one of which may be a NIM. Detailed physical explanations that account for the Brewster angle for a plane wave incident upon a NIM are provided under the framework of the Ewald-Oseen extinction theorem, considering the reemission of induced electric and magnetic dipoles. The conditions under which the Brewster angle exists are concisely summarized in a map of different material parameter regimes.
Application of hybrid A* to an autonomous mobile robot for path planning in unstructured outdoor environments (2022)

Efficient path planning is one of the main prerequisites for robust navigation of autonomous robots. Especially driving in complex environments containing both streets and unstructured regions is a challenging problem. In this paper we present the application of the Hybrid A* algorithm to a nonholonomic mobile outdoor robot in order to plan near optimal paths in mostly unknown and potentially intricate environments. The implemented algorithm is capable of generating paths with a rate of at least 10 Hz to guarantee real-time behavior.
Frame energy estimation based on speech codec parameters (2008)

This paper proposes an efficient method for estimating frame energy of speech from EnhancedVariable Rate Coder (EVRC) bitstream for network-based speech processing applications in Transcoder Free Operation (TrFO) environments, where speech signals are represented as speech coding parameters. A frame of speech energy is decomposed into the energy of excitation and vocal tract filter, and the frame energy estimation method is derived for each component. Among many parameters of EVRC bitstream, the fixed codebook gain and adaptive codebook gain are used for the estimation of excitation energy, and Line Spectrum Pair (LSP) information is used to estimate the energy of vocal tract filter. Experimental results demonstrated the novelty of the proposed method. The correlation coefficient between the actual and estimated frame energy can be maintained at a value of 0.994 with just 5% multiplicative operations of full decoding.
Clock tree design challenges for robust and low power design (2006)

The clock distribution network generates and distributes clock signals across the design and it is critical for performance, while consuming a significant portion of the total power. Uncertainties in the clock network delays can reduce performance, yield and may cause functional failures. Several process, environment and temporal variations like gate length variation, density dependent metal thickness variation, IR drop and Negative Bias Temperature Instability (NBTI) can contribute to clock uncertainty or skew. A balanced clock tree structure is used for low power and to minimize variations. Power is further reduced with extensive use of clock gating and using static and dynamic power management. Designs also optimize power by implementing multiple clocks running at different frequencies to meet frequency and power targets. The talk will focus on challenges and solutions in the design and analysis for clock trees to meet performance, power goals and robustness to process variations.
Purification of a Fatty Acid-stimulated Protein-serine/threonine Phosphatase from Bovine Brain and Its Identification as a Homolog of Protein Phosphatase 5 (1997)

An arachidonic acid-stimulated Ser/Thr phosphatase activity was detected in soluble extracts prepared from rat pituitary clonal GH4C1 cells, rat or bovine brain, and bovine heart. The enzyme activity was purified to homogeneity from bovine brain as a monomer with a Mr of 63,000 and a specific activity of 32 nmol of Pi released per min/mg of protein when assayed in the presence of 10 microM phosphocasein in the absence of lipid. Arachidonic acid stimulated activity 4-14-fold, with half-maximal stimulation at 50-100 microM, when assayed in the presence of a variety of phosphosubstrates including casein, reduced carboxamidomethylated and maleylated lysozyme, myelin basic protein, and histone. Oleic acid, linoleic acid, and palmitoleic acid also stimulated activity; however, saturated fatty acids and alcohol or methyl ester derivatives of fatty acids did not significantly affect activity. The lipid-stimulated phosphatase was identified as the bovine equivalent of protein phosphatase 5 or a closely related homolog by sequence analysis of proteolytic fragments generated from the purified enzyme. When recombinant rat protein phosphatase 5 was expressed as a cleavable glutathione S-transferase fusion protein, the affinity-purified thrombin-cleaved enzyme exhibited a specific activity and sensitivity to arachidonic acid similar to those of the purified bovine brain enzyme. These results suggest that protein phosphatase 5 may be regulated in vivo by a lipid second messenger or another endogenous activator.
Exploiting navigation capabilities in hypertext/hypermedia (1996)

Hypertext/hypermedia (HT/HM) applications need careful design. We outline a hypertext design methodology that leads to a consistent design of the nodes' structure, and makes it possible to model the different kinds of links that can exist among the nodes. The key concept is the formalization of two different spaces that the user can navigate across: the data space and the concept space. In particular, the introduction of the "concept space" permits an effective modelling of the intensional links. The user can navigate across both spaces, and move from one to another. The availability of these two spaces avoids overloading the nodes with too many intensional links, and helps to supply the hypertext with rich associative mechanisms, thus exploiting the potential of the basic hypertext philosophy. Particular attention is given to the representation of the navigational aspects; they are made evident to the user by means of a map of links, based on the concept of affinity between the nodes. Finally, we discuss some general implementation aspects, and point out the desirability of offering the user multiple and interchangeable interaction paradigms.
A novel full-duplex ROF system based on pilot tone injection and FBG grating (2010)

A new optical wireless full-duplex communication system was proposed and demonstrated. DSB modulation was used in this system and then the lower side band was reflected as the uplink optical carrier, achieving the wavelength reuse by the FBG. At the same time, a SSB modulated downlink data was got to reduce the impact of fiber dispersion. Pilot tone injection wls also used in base station to generate a new local oscillator (LO), for the uplink signal down conversion, so that the base stations did not need to configure additional LO, simplifying the complexity and cost of base station, ne uplink and downlink eye diagram show that the system had well performance against the dispersion and can support long-distance transmission.
Forward Error Correction for Multipath Media Streaming (2009)

We address the problem of joint optimal rate allocation and scheduling between media source rate and error protection rate in scalable streaming applications over lossy multipath networks. Starting from a distortion representation of the received media information at the client, we propose a novel optimization framework in which we analyze the performance of the most relevant forward error correction and scheduling techniques. We describe both optimal and heuristic algorithms that find solutions to the rate allocation and scheduling problem, and emphasize the main characteristics of the compared techniques. Our results show that efficient unequal error protection schemes improve the quality of the streaming process. At the same time we emphasize the importance of priority scheduling of the information over the best available network paths, which outperforms traditional first-in-first-out models or network flooding mechanisms.
Activation of the PAK-Related Kinase by Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 Nef in Primary Human Peripheral Blood Lymphocytes and Macrophages Leads to Phosphorylation of a PIX-p95 Complex (1999)

Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) Nef enhances virus replication in both primary T lymphocytes and monocyte-derived macrophages. This enhancement phenotype has been linked to the ability of Nef to modulate the activity of cellular kinases. We find that despite the reported high-affinity interaction between Nef and the Src kinase Hck in vitro, a Nef-Hck interaction in the context of HIV-1-infected primary macrophages is not detectable. However, Nef binding and activation of the PAK-related kinase and phosphorylation of its substrate could be readily detected in both infected primary T lymphocytes and macrophages. Furthermore, we show that this substrate is a complex composed of the recently characterized PAK interacting partner PIX (PAK-interacting guanine nucleotide exchange factor) and its tightly associated p95 protein. PAK and PIX-p95 appear to be differentially activated and phosphorylated depending on the intracellular environment in which nef is expressed. These results identify the PIX-p95 complex as a novel effector of Nef in primary cells and suggest that the regulation of the PAK signaling pathway may differ in T cells and macrophages.
EFFECTS OF REPEATED SIDESTREAM CIGARETTE SMOKE INHALATION ON STRESS-INDUCIBLE HEAT SHOCK PROTEIN 70 IN THE FERRET LUNG (1997)

In vivo expression of lung heat shock proteins (HSPs) following environmental stress has not been examined extensively. In this study, the production of stress-inducible HSP 70 in the ferret lung was examined following repeated inhalant exposure to two concentrations of 3 3 sidestream cigarette smoke: (a) 11.23 0.75 (SEM) mg/m and (b) 1.62 0.30 mg/m. Ferrets (n = 5 for each concentration) starting at 5 wk of age were exposed head-only to cigarette smoke for 2 h/day, 5 days/wk for a total of 15 wk; in the acute exposures, control adult female ferrets (n = 2) were exposed twice for 2 h in a single day to filtered air for a total of 4 h while corresponding ferrets (n = 5 for each cigarette smoke concentration) were exposed twice for 2 h in a single day for a total of 4 h to sidestream cigarette smoke. Samples of the peripheral lung from the right apical lobe of the 5-wk-old ferrets and from the right middle lobe of the adult female ferrets were obtained for analysis by sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE), protein immunoblotting, and subsequent chemiluminescence detection. Results revealed that stress-inducible HSP 70 is present constitutively in the control ferret lung and is not elevated significantly in lungs from either repeated sidestream smoke-exposed ferrets (p = .9002) or acute smokeexposed ferrets (p = .5473). Specifically, in the chronic study the means (optical density units) SD for stress-inducible HSP 70 were 78.00 17.18 and 75.60 14.64, respectively, for high and low smoke levels in comparison to the mean of 85.50 12.09 in the control air-exposed animals. In the acute study, the mean (optical density units) SD for the control air-exposed animals (n = 2) was 82.72 13.29; for the smoke-exposed animals (n = 10), the corresponding mean was 85.00 8.35 optical density units.
FHIT and FRA3B 3p14.2 allele loss are common in lung cancer and preneoplastic bronchial lesions and are associated with cancer-related FHIT cDNA splicing aberrations. (1997)

We evaluated primary lung cancers, tumor cell lines, and preneoplastic bronchial lesions for molecular genetic abnormalities in the candidate tumor suppressor gene FHIT, which spans the FRA3B fragile site at 3p14.2. 3p14.2 allele loss was very frequent in 32 lung cancer cell lines [100% of small cell lung cancer and 88% of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC)] and 108 primary NSCLC cancers (45%), with numerous breakpoints indicating involvement of several distinct regions in the FRA3B site. 3p14 allele loss was least frequent in the adenocarcinoma subtype and occurred at the relatively late carcinoma in situ stage of preneoplastic bronchial lesions found in NSCLC patients. Homozygous deletions within the FHIT/FRA3B region were found in 6 of 135 (4.4%) thoracic cancer cell lines. Northern blot showed low or absent FHIT expression in most thoracic cancer cell lines tested, whereas reverse transcription-PCR showed that 59-62% exhibited aberrant FHIT transcripts but nearly always (93-100%) also expressing the wild-type transcripts. Aberrant transcripts included precise deletions of FHIT exons, insertion of non-FHIT sequences between exons and insertions replacing exons. Complete open reading frame single-strand conformational polymorphism analysis of 102 lung cancer cDNAs revealed only one nonsplicing mutation. Normal cells including bronchial epithelium, lung, and trachea expressed wild-type FHIT transcript and a variant transcript deleted for exon 8 but not the other aberrant transcripts, arguing against exon 8-deleted FHIT transcripts being tumor specific. Our findings support the conclusion that FHIT/FRA3B abnormalities are associated with lung cancer pathogenesis but that FHIT abnormalities differ from the types of mutations and lack of wild-type transcript found in classic tumor suppressor genes, and functional studies are needed to define the role of FHIT in thoracic tumorigenesis.
Stabilization and asymptotic path tracking of a rolling disk (2002)

In this paper, the dynamics and control of a uniform disk (a thin wheel) rolling without slipping on a horizontal plane are considered. A model of the rolling disk is derived using the Lagrangian formulation, assuming that rolling, steering and leaning torques are available as control inputs. A dynamic extension is used to achieve a well defined vector relative degree. On the basis of the dynamic extension, a feedback control law is designed to stabilize the disk from falling over, while simultaneously allowing the disk to asymptotically track a ground reference trajectory. For this class of stabilization and tracking problems, the nonholonomic rolling without slipping constraint does not preclude the existence of smooth feedback that accomplishes the control objectives.
Unilateral Right Quadriceps Brachii- A Case Report (2012)

Triceps brachii muscle is the extensor of elbow joint, consisting of three heads – long, lateral and medial. The lateral and medial heads are separated by spiral groove through which the radial nerve and profunda brachii vessels run. Triceps brachii is a site for intramuscular injections. It is an important muscle in carnivores with three heads which consist of many subheads. Therefore, the knowledge of muscle is essential anthropologically and clinically. During the routine dissection of superior extremity, a male cadaver aged about 55 years, presented fourth head of triceps brachii on right side. It was arising from the posterior aspect of shaft of humerus below the capsule of shoulder joint and from oblique line along with lateral head of triceps brachii. Its origin was tendinous and at insertion it was muscular. Morphologically it represents one of the sub heads of triceps brachii and may cause compression to radial nerve.
Formation of a New 1,1,1 Adduct in the Reaction of Malondialdehyde, n-Hexylamine and Alkanal under Neutral Conditions. (1993)

The reactions of malondialdehyde (MDA) with n-hexylamine (HA) in the presence of alkanals at a neutral pH were investigated. Two new compounds, 1,1,1 adduct (4a) and fluorescent compound (3a), were isolated from the reaction of MDA, HA and acetaldehyde. Compounds 4a and 3a were identified as 2-formyl-3-hexylamino-3-methylpropanal and 1-hexyl-5-hexyliminomethylene-4-methyl-1,4-dihydropyridine-3-carba ldehyde, respectively. Similar compounds (4b and 3b) were obtained from the reaction of MDA, HA and propanal. Compound 4 was obtained in a high yield. In addition, the reactivity of MDA towards phenylethylamine (PEA) in the presence or absence of alkanals was investigated. The results indicated that MDA was of low reactivity in the absence of alkanals at neutral pH. However, when alkanals coexisted, MDA showed high reactivity towards PEA.