gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A New Basis for Shifters in General-Purpose Processors for Existing and Advanced Bit Manipulations (2008)

This paper describes a new basis for the implementation of the shifter functional unit in microprocessors that can implement new advanced bit manipulations as well as standard shifter operations. Our design is based on the inverse butterfly and butterfly data path circuits, rather than the barrel shifter or log-shifter designs currently used. We show how this new shifter can implement the standard shift and rotate operations, as well as more advanced extract, deposit, and mix operations found in some processors. Furthermore, it can perform important new classes of even more advanced bit manipulation instructions like arbitrary bit permutations, bit gather (or parallel extract), and bit scatter (or parallel deposit) instructions. Thus, our new functional unit performs the functionality of three functional units-the basic shifter, the multimedia-mix unit, and the advanced bit manipulation functional unit, while having a latency only slightly longer than that of the log-shifter. For performing only the existing functions of a shifter, it has significantly smaller area.
Physicochemical Changes in Potato Granules During Storage (1981)

ABSTRACT Physicochemical properties of freeze‐thaw (F‐T) and add‐back (A‐B) potato granules, such as swelling power (SP), water‐holding capacity (WHC), degree of starch retrogradation, moisture change, and rate of rehydration were monitored over about 100 wk of storage. SP of both types of granules decreased to minima after 40 wk then increased on further storage, while WHC showed an opposite trend, reaching maxima after 52 wk. Degree of starch retrogradation in the granules increased to maxima after 40 wk then declined. Moisture content of the granules also increased slightly during the first 33 wk then decreased on further storage. These changes caused the reduction in the rehydration rate of the granules from 8.3 × 10 −2 see −1 to 5.5 × 10 −2 set −1 (F‐T) and 5.2 × 10 −2 sec −1 (A‐B) after 36 wk of storage, after which the rate again increased. Addition of Ca ++ to the granules during precooking and cooling steps of the process appeared to cause similar changes.
Dihydroquinolines as Novel n‐NOS Inhibitors. (2003)

Abstract For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Two-Photon Probes for Intracellular Free Metal Ions, Acidic Vesicles, And Lipid Rafts in Live Tissues (2009)

Optical imaging with fluorescence microscopy is a vital tool in the study of living systems. The most common method for cell imaging, one-photon microscopy (OPM), uses a single photon of higher energy to excite the fluorophore. However, two-photon microscopy (TPM), which uses two photons of lower energy as the excitation source, is growing in popularity among biologists because of several distinct advantages. Using TPM, researchers can image intact tissue for a long period of time with minimum interference from tissue preparation artifacts, self-absorption, autofluorescence, photobleaching, and photodamage. However, to make TPM a more versatile tool in biology, researchers need a wider variety of two-photon probes for specific applications. In this Account, we describe a series of two-photon probes that we developed that can visualize the distribution of intracellular metal ions, acidic vesicles, and lipid rafts in living cells and tissues. The development of these probes requires a significant two-photon cross section for the bright image and receptors (sensing moieties) that triggers the emission of the two-photon excited fluorescence upon binding with the ions or membrane in the living system. These probes also must be sensitive to the polarity of the environment to allow selective detection of cytosolic and membrane-bound probes. In addition, they need to be cell-permeable, water-soluble for the staining of cells and tissues, and highly photostable for long-term imaging. The resulting probes-AMg1 (Mg(2+)), ACa1-ACa3 (Ca(2+)), AZn1 and AZn2 (Zn(2+)), AH1, AH2, and AL1 (acidic vesicles), and CL2 (membrane)-use 2-acetyl-6-aminonaphthalene as the fluorophore and receptors for the target ions or membrane. All of these two-photon turn-on probes can detect the intracellular free metal ions, acidic vesicles, and lipid rafts at 100-300 microm depth in live tissues. Moreover, with ACa1-AM, we could simultaneously visualize the spontaneous Ca(2+) waves in the somas of neurons and astrocytes at approximately 120 microm depth in fresh hypothalamic slices for more than 1000 s without appreciable decay. Furthermore, AL1 could visualize the transport of the acidic vesicles between cell body and axon terminal along the axon in fresh rat hippocampal slices at approximately 120 microm depth.
Insect Neuropeptide Hormones: Unity and Diversity (1994)

Three families of neuropeptides from the blowflies Calliphora vomitoria and Lucilia cuprina, the FMRFamides, the sulfakinins and the allatostatins are used to illustrate the theme of unity and diversity with respect to structure, site of production, genes and functions.
Enantioselective Organocatalytic Aminomethylation of Aldehydes: A Role for Ionic Interactions and Efficient Access to β<sup>2</sup>‐Amino Acids. (2006)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Genetics of HIV-1infection: chemokine receptor CCR5 polymorphism and its consequences (1999)

The chemokine receptor gene, CCR5, has become a central theme in studies of host genetic effects on HIV-1 pathogenesis ever since the discovery that the CCR5 molecule serves as a major cell surface co-receptor for the virus. A growing number of genetic variants within the coding and 5' regulatory region of CCR5 have been identified, several of which have functional consequences for HIV-1 pathogenesis. Here we review the CCR5 literature describing CCR5 polymorphism and the functional ramifications that several of these variants have on HIV-1 infection and progression to AIDS. The multiplicity of CCR5 genetic effects on HIV-1 disease underscores the critical importance of this gene in controlling AIDS pathogenesis and provides the logic for develop-ment of therapeutic strategies that target the interaction of HIV-1 envelope and CCR5 in HIV-1 associated disease.
SK3-1C, a Dominant-negative Suppressor of SKCa and IKCa Channels (2004)

Small conductance Ca2+-activated K+ channels, products of the SK1-SK3 genes, regulate membrane excitability both within and outside the nervous system. We report the characterization of a SK3 variant (SK3-1C) that differs from SK3 by utilizing an alternative first exon (exon 1C) in place of exon 1A used by SK3, but is otherwise identical to SK3. Quantitative RT-PCR detected abundant expression of SK3-1C transcripts in human lymphoid tissues, skeletal muscle, trachea, and salivary gland but not the nervous system. SK3-1C did not produce functional channels when expressed alone in mammalian cells, but suppressed SK1, SK2, SK3, and IKCa1 channels, but not BKCa or KV channels. Confocal microscopy revealed that SK3-1C sequestered SK3 protein intracellularly. Dominant-inhibitory activity of SK3-1C was not due to a nonspecific calmodulin sponge effect since overexpression of calmodulin did not reverse SK3-1C-mediated intracellular trapping of SK3 protein, and calmodulin-Ca2+-dependent inactivation of CaV channels was not affected by SK3-1C overexpression. Deletion analysis identified a dominant-inhibitory segment in the SK3-1C C terminus that resembles tetramerization-coiled-coiled domains reported to enhance tetramer stability and selectivity of multimerization of many K+ channels. SK3-1C may therefore suppress calmodulin-gated SKCa/IKCa channels by trapping these channel proteins intracellularly via subunit interactions mediated by the dominant-inhibitory segment and thereby reduce functional channel expression on the cell surface. Such family-wide dominant-negative suppression by SK3-1C provides a powerful mechanism to titrate membrane excitability and is a useful approach to define the functional in vivo role of these channels in diverse tissues by their targeted silencing.
Damage Identification in Aging Aircraft Structures with Piezoelectric Wafer Active Sensors (2004)

Piezoelectric wafer active sensors can be applied to aging aircraft structures to monitor the onset and progress of structural damage such as fatigue cracks and corrosion. Two main detection strategies are considered: (a) the wave propagation method for far-field damage detection; and (b) the electro-mechanical (E/M) impedance method for near-field damage detection. These methods are developed and verified on simple-geometry specimens, and then tested on realistic aging-aircraft panels with seeded cracks and corrosion. The specimens instrumentation with piezoelectric-wafer active sensors and ancillary apparatus is presented. The experimental methods, signal processing, and damage detection algorithms, tuned to the specific method used for structural interrogation, are discussed. In the wave propagation approach, the pulse-echo and acousto-ultrasonic methods were considered. Reflections from seeded cracks were successfully recorded. In addition, acoustic emission and low-velocity impact were also detected. In the E/M impedance method approach, the high-frequency spectrum is processed using overall-statistics damage metrics. The (1- R 2 ) 3 damage metric, where R is the correlation coefficient, was found to yield the best results. The simultaneous use of the E/M impedance method in the near field and of the wave propagation method in the far field opens the way for a comprehensive multifunctional damage detection system for aging aircraft structural health monitoring.
Interconnect Solution for EVPN Overlay networks (2018)

This document describes how Network Virtualization Overlays (NVO) can
be connected to a Wide Area Network (WAN) in order to extend the
layer-2 connectivity required for some tenants. The solution analyzes
the interaction between NVO networks running Ethernet Virtual Private
Networks (EVPN) and other L2VPN technologies used in the WAN, such as
Virtual Private LAN Services (VPLS), VPLS extensions for Provider
Backbone Bridging (PBB-VPLS), EVPN or PBB-EVPN. It also describes how
the existing technical specifications apply to the Interconnection and
extends the EVPN procedures needed in some cases. In particular, this
document describes how EVPN routes are processed on Gateways (GWs)
that interconnect EVPN-Overlay and EVPN-MPLS networks, as well as the
Interconnect Ethernet Segment (I-ES) to provide multi-homing, and the
use of the Unknown MAC route to avoid MAC scale issues on Data Center
Network Virtualization Edge (NVE) devices.
CD4<sup>+</sup> T lymphocytes enumeration by an easy‐to‐use single platform image cytometer for HIV monitoring in resource‐constrained settings (2007)

The immunolabeling methods and the instrumentation are simple and easy-to-handle for less-trained operators. The SP ICM system is a good candidate for CD4(+) T lymphocytes enumeration in point-of-care settings of resource-constrained countries.
All-Optical 2R Regeneration and Wavelength Conversion at 20 Gb/s Using an (1999)

We describe experimental results of simultaneous all-optical 2R regeneration (reshape and reamplify) and wave- length conversion of return-to-zero data at 20 Gb/s using a reverse-biased electroabsorption modulator. The nonlinear opti- cal transmission characteristic of the electroabsorption modulator reshapes the degraded input data by selective absorption of the optical noise and, therefore, increases the signal-to-noise ratio of the output. Reverse biasing the modulator allows fast recovery of the optical absorption for high data-rate operation without the detrimental bit-patterning effect. Error-free wavelength con- version and regeneration was obtained with more than 3-dB improvement of the receiver sensitivity at a bit-error-rate of 10 .
Functional characteristics of antibodies induced by Arg‐gingipain (HRgpA) and Lys‐gingipain (Kgp) from <i>Porphyromonas gingivalis</i> (2001)

Arginine-specific gingipain (HRgpA) and lysine-specific gingipain (Kgp), enzymes produced by Porphyromonas gingivalis, may be candidates for an anti-P. gingivalis vaccine. The purpose of our study was to determine whether HRgpA and Kgp have opsonic target sites and whether these sites are available and accessible on intact P. gingivalis cells. Rabbits were used to generate polyclonal antibodies to both proteins. Animals were immunized and immunoglobulin G (IgG) fractions were isolated from preimmune and immune sera. Functional characteristics of the antibodies were assessed by determining antibody titers by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), generating Western immunoblots, and measuring antibody enhancement of P. gingivalis opsonization, phagocytosis and killing by polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMN) of intact cells of strains of P. gingivalis representative of the four serotypes. Strains studied included 33277 (serotype A), A7A1-28 (serotype B), W50 (serotype C) and 381 (serotype D). Both HRgpA and Kgp induced high titers of IgG antibody. Anti-HRgpA and anti-Kgp bound to both HRgpA and Kgp demonstrating a large proportion of shared antigenic epitopes. The two antibodies bound equally well to all four P. gingivalis serotypes with titers ranging from 77 to 205 ELISA units when compared to preimmune IgG set at 1 ELISA unit. The immunoblot patterns of binding of the two antibodies to HRgpA and Kgp and to sonicates of the four P. gingivalis serotypes were virtually identical. Both antibodies detected components in HRgpA at 27, 35 and 45 kDa and in Kgp at 27, 32, 35, 40 and 55 kDa. The antibodies also detected components at or near these same positions in addition to multiple high molecular mass components in the cell sonicates of P. gingivalis. Both proteins induced antibodies that significantly enhanced opsonization as assessed by chemiluminescence, with values ranging from 130 mV to 375 mV for anti-HRgpA IgG and from 240 mV to 475 mV for anti-Kgp IgG. Both antibodies significantly enhanced PMN-mediated bacterial killing of the four P. gingivalis serotypes, although the percentage of killing varied among the serotypes (24-81% for anti-HRgpA and 37-89% for anti-Kgp). Thus, both HRgpA and Kgp express opsonic target sites and induce high titers of antibodies that opsonize and enhance killing of all four serotypes of P. gingivalis. These two proteins appear to be potential candidate antigens for an anti-P. gingivalis vaccine.
The influence of chemical treatments on the superconducting properties of technical niobium materials and their effect on the performance of superconducting radio frequency cavities (2009)

We present the results of a study of superconducting response in the niobium materials used in the fabrication of high accelerating gradient (>25 MV m−1) superconducting radio frequency (SC-RF) cavities. These results clearly show that the typical surface chemical treatment deployed during the fabrication of SC-RF cavities affects the superconducting properties of pure niobium materials. Such SC-RF cavities operating at 2 K are often found to show anomalous RF losses, causing either a strong degradation of the quality factor or a thermal breakdown for cavity magnetic fields between 1 and 1.5 kOe. The results of our study suggest a correlation between the field for the first flux-line penetration in these chemically treated technical niobium materials and the reported onset field of anomalous losses in the SC-RF cavities.
A Novel Cognitive Cycle for Fault Diagnosis in Infrastructural Systems (2017)

Remote sensing techniques are being increasingly used for periodic structural health monitoring of vast infrastructures such as power transmission systems. The current efforts concentrate on analysis of visual and other signals captured from the sensing devices, to diagnose the faults. Such data collection and analysis is expensive in terms of both computational overheads as well as towards robotic maneuvering of the data collection platform, such as a UAV. In this paper, we model the data gathering platform as an intelligent situated agent, and propose to autonomously control its data gathering and analysis activities through a cognitive cycle, to optimize the cost of efforts in identifying the faults that may exist. In this context, we explore use of less expensive qualitative reasoning with the background knowledge expressed as a Qualitative Bayesian Network (QBN). We introduce a reactive, economical planning algorithm around QBN that controls the sequence of data collection and analysis, much like how human inspectors do. We substantiate our claims with the results of simulation of the corresponding cognitive cycle.
SOCS1-Derived Peptide Administered by Eye Drops Prevents Retinal Neuroinflammation and Vascular Leakage in Experimental Diabetes (2019)

Current treatments for diabetic retinopathy (DR) target late stages when vision has already been significantly affected. Accumulating evidence suggests that neuroinflammation plays a major role in the pathogenesis of DR, resulting in the disruption of the blood-retinal barrier. Suppressors of cytokine signaling (SOCS) are cytokine-inducible proteins that function as a negative feedback loop regulating cytokine responses. On this basis, the aim of the present study was to evaluate the effect of a SOCS1-derived peptide administered by eye drops (2 weeks) on retinal neuroinflammation and early microvascular abnormalities in a db/db mouse model. In brief, we found that SOCS1-derived peptide significantly reduced glial activation and neural apoptosis induced by diabetes, as well as retinal levels of proinflammatory cytokines. Moreover, a significant improvement of electroretinogram parameters was observed, thus revealing a clear impact of the histological findings on global retinal function. Finally, SOCS1-derived peptide prevented the disruption of the blood-retinal barrier. Overall, our results suggest that topical administration of SOCS1-derived peptide is effective in preventing retinal neuroinflammation and early microvascular impairment. These findings could open up a new strategy for the treatment of early stages of DR.
Analytic reconstruction of the attenuation from 3D time-of-flight PET data (2012)

In positron emission tomography (PET), an accurate quantitative reconstruction of the tracer distribution requires taking into account the attenuation of the photons by the tissues. The spatial distribution of the attenuation coefficient (the attenuation image) is usually estimated by means of a CT scan, extrapolated to the required photon energy of 511 keV and forward projected to obtain the attenuation sinogram [1]. We consider applications where this external information about the attenuation is unavailable, or inaccurate due for instance to patient motion between the transmission scan and the emission scan. In such a case the attenuation must be estimated from the emission data only. Previous studies [2]–[4] have shown that time-of-flight (TOF) data contain significant information on the attenuation. Recently, we proved that the attenuation sinogram is determined, up to a constant multiplicative factor, by the 2D TOF data and that it can be calculated using an efficient analytic algorithm [5]. This paper extends this work to 3D TOF PET. Iterative algorithms dealing with the same problem are presented in [6]–[10].
Method for Unequal Error Protection in DVB-H for Mobile Television (2006)

This paper introduces a method for unequal error protection (UEP) of media data in a time-sliced DVB-H channel. Media datagrams are assigned priorities using some a-priori knowledge. Datagrams covering a certain period of playback time are first grouped based on the priority assignment. Each group is then protected using Reed-Solomon forward error correction (FEC) codes and packed into multi-protocol encapsulation (MPE) FEC frames as defined by the DVB-H standard. All MPE-FEC frames for a certain period of playback time are then sent back to back without any delay between these MPE-FEC frames. This method of UEP is generic and can be tuned according to the priority assignment algorithm. Simulations using H.264/AVC video were conducted to evaluate the performance of the proposed method. It used a simple priority assignment algorithm. The resulting rate distortion graphs show good performance and an average luma peak signal-to-noise ratio (PSNR) improvement of up to 0.8 dB was achieved
Portable semiconductor laser system to stop internal bleeding (2002)

The authors have developed a new technique using a small and portable semiconductor laser to stop or prevent bleeding under any condition, including in proximity of the heart or the brain, or in absence of a utility electrical supply such as in an outdoors environment. The medical procedure to stop bleeding using this invention is very similar to standard procedures commonly practised by doctors and surgeons. In this technique, a specifically designed medical forceps is combined with an efficient, self-contained and hand-held semiconductor-laser to provide hemostasis. The laser energy is delivered through an optical fiber cable to the tip of a dedicated medical forceps to provide rapid local heating of the vessels and/or tissue contained between the jaws of the medical forceps, thereby cauterizing said bleeding vessel and/or tissue. The cauterization mechanism being essentially thermal, the tip of the forceps is designed to minimize its thermal mass and minimize heat losses.
Optimization of Group Elevator Scheduling With Advance Information (2009)

<para xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> Group elevator scheduling has received considerable attention due to its importance to transportation efficiency for mid-rise and high-rise buildings. One important trend to improve elevator systems is to collect advance traffic information. Nevertheless, it remains a challenge to develop new scheduling methods which can effectively utilize such information. This paper is to solve the group elevator scheduling problem with advance traffic information. This problem is difficult due to various traffic patterns, complicated car dynamics, and combinatorial explosion of the search space. A two-level formulation is developed with passenger-to-car assignment at the high-level and single car dispatching that is innovatively formulated as passenger-to-trip assignment at the low-level. Detailed car dynamics are embedded in simulation models for performance evaluation. Taking advantage of advance information, a new door action control method is suggested to increase the flexibility of elevators. In view of the hierarchical problem structure, a two-level optimization framework is established. Key problem characteristics are exploited to develop an effective trip-based heuristic for single car dispatching, and a hybrid nested partitions and genetic algorithm method for passenger-to-car assignment which can be extended to solve a generic class of sequential decision problems. Numerical results demonstrate solution quality, computational efficiency, benefit of advance information and the new door action control method, and values of new features in our hybrid method. </para>