gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Interleukin-37 Mediates the Antitumor Activity in Hepatocellular Carcinoma: Role for CD57+ NK Cells (2014)

The biological role of interleukin-37 (IL-37) in cancer is large unknown. Through immunohistochemical detection using 163 primary hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) clinical specimens, we found the expression of IL-37 was decreased in tumor tissues, and the expression level was negatively correlated with tumor size. High expression of IL-37 in HCC tumor tissues was associated with better overall survival (OS) and disease-free survival (DFS). IL-37 expression in tumor tissues was positively associated with the density of tumor-infiltrating CD57+ natural killer (NK) cells, but not with the CD3+ and CD8+ T cells. Consistently, in vitro chemotaxis analysis showed that IL-37- overexpressing HCC cells could recruit more NK cells. The in vivo mouse model experiments also revealed that overexpression IL-37 in HCC cells significantly delayed tumor growth and recruited more NK cells into tumors tissues. Our finding suggested that IL-37 might play an important role for the prognosis of HCC patients via regulating innate immune-action.
Phenylalanine Side Chain Behavior of the Intestinal Fatty Acid-binding Protein (2005)

The equilibrium unfolding behavior of the intestinal fatty acid-binding protein has been investigated by (19)F-NMR after incorporation of 4-fluorophenylalanine and by pulsed field gradient diffusion (1)H-NMR. At low urea concentrations (0-3 m) but prior to the global unfolding that begins at 4 m urea, the protein exhibits dynamic motion in the backbone and an expanded hydrodynamic radius with no major change in the side chain orientation. As monitored by two-dimensional (19)F-(19)F nuclear Overhauser effect, the distance between two phenylalanine residues (Phe(68) and Phe(93)) located in the two different beta-sheets that enclose the internal cavity did not change up to 4 m urea. Additionally, the chemical shifts of these two residues changed almost identically as a function of denaturant. At all urea concentrations, as well as in the native protein, multiple conformations exist. These conformers interconvert at different rates under different conditions, ranging from slow exchange by showing separate peaks in the native state to intermediate exchange at intermediate urea concentrations. Residual structure persisted around Phe(62) even at very high concentrations of denaturant, suggesting that region as a nucleation site during folding. The results were compared with previous studies examining the backbone behavior (Hodsdon, M. E., and Frieden, C. (2001) Biochemistry 40, 732-742) and suggest that the side chains show more stability than the backbone prior to global unfolding of the protein.
A highly accurate, hand-held clamp-on current transformer (1996)

The design, operation, and performance of a 1000:5 A highly accurate, hand-held, clamp-on-type current transformer are presented. This precision current transformer uses a sensitive magnetic circuit to detect transformer ampere-turn unbalance between the primary and secondary circuits. The unbalance represents an error in the ratio and phase angle of the transformer. The largest of the errors is due to the core magnetization current and magnetic reluctance caused by the cutting of the core material. After sensing the errors, electronic feedback through a magnetic circuit is used to provide an error-correcting current. This reduces the overall errors dramatically. These types of devices are referred to as "active" current transformers because of the use of electronic amplifier and feedback circuits. The device described has a novel feature of an openable, split core. This "clamp-on" capability enables use of the transformer on a bus or cable without the complications or need to open the current-carrying circuit to be measured. Commonly used "clamp-on"-type current transformers generally have uncertainties from about 1 to 5% at full-scale rated current. This paper describes a commercialization of active current transformers having a ratio uncertainty of less than /spl plusmn/0.05% over a current range from full-scale rated to 1% of full-scale. Additionally, this product has a small phase angle which is an important consideration when measuring electric power, energy, and power factor. It is intended to be used by electric utilities, standards laboratories, testing laboratories, and in applications where high measurement accuracy and the split-core, clamp-on feature are attractive considerations.
What Does Big Data Mean for Wearable Sensor Systems? (2014)

Wearable sensors systems have the potential to generate datasets which are currently beyond our capabilities to easily organize and interpret. In order to successfully utilize wearable sensor data to infer wellbeing, and enable proactive health management, standards and ontologies must be developed which allow for data to be shared between research groups and between commercial systems, promoting the integration of these data into health information systems. However, policy and regulation will be required to ensure that the detailed nature of wearable sensor data is not misused to invade privacies or prejudice against individuals.
Comparative analysis of transcriptional regulatory elements of glutamate-dependent acid-resistance systems of<i>Shigella flexneri</i>and<i>Escherichia coli</i>O157:H7 (2004)

The ability to withstand an acid-challenge of pH 2.5 or less by Shigella flexneri is a necessary trait for virulence and is generally believed to be restricted to the stationary-phase of growth. Earlier reports indicated the glutamate-dependent acid-resistance (GDAR) system of S. flexneri is under the regulation of rpoS, the gene encoding alternative sigma factor that is induced in the stationary-growth phase. The present study reports that unlike Escherichia coli O157:H7, S. flexneri cells when grown in minimal medium, require acid-induction in the stationary-growth phase for a functional GDAR. When grown on complex medium at pH 5.5, GDAR of S. flexneri was vigorous compared to the cells grown at pH 7.5. No acid-induction was required for the stationary phase E. coli cells grown on either minimal or complex growth media. Distinct differences in the gadA, gadBC, gadE, and hdeA (but not in rpoS) transcript levels were observed in the stationary-growth phase cells between the two pathogens grown on minimal medium. Additionally, rpoS-independent acid-induction of GDAR in the logarithmic growth phase that has been recently observed in E. coli strains [FEMS Microbiol. Lett. 227 (2003) 39–45] was not detected in the S. flexneri rpoS mutant. Although some differences in the DNA sequence at the upstream regulatory elements of gadBC were noticed, they do not appear to be significant and involvement of additional regulators in S. flexneri is anticipated, which also may explain the observed differences in the GDAR of two enteric pathogens.
Swift follow-up of the flaring blazar PKS 0250-225 (2012)

http://simbad.u-strasbg.fr/simbad/sim-ref?querymethod=bib&simbo=on&submit=submit+bibcode&bibcode=2012ATel.4601....1D
Polarization patterns under different sky conditions and a navigation method based on the symmetry of the AOP map of skylight (2018)

The polarization states of a skylight can be used for navigation by a lot of insects as well as by human beings. However, the polarization patterns of skylight are greatly influenced by the atmospheric conditions. This paper studied the polarization patterns of skylight under different sky conditions by polarized imaging measurements, in which the AOT (Aerosol Optical Thickness) and clouds were taken into account. The results showed that both the aerosol and cloud disturbed the polarization patterns of the skylight, but the patterns of AOP (Angle of Polarization) showed great robustness. The symmetry of the AOP images was found to be quite steady under most of the sky conditions. We proposed a navigation method by finding out the solar meridian according to the symmetry of an AOP map. The results showed that the solar meridian can be identified accurately under different situations. The calculation errors slightly fluctuated along with the aerosol and cloud.
Analysis of Test‐Retest Variability in Facial Electroneurography (1983)

Facial electroneurography is an objective electrophysiologic measurement of a muscle compound action potential used to assess prognosis for recovery from facial paralysis. In the present study, test precision is accompanied by a test-retest variability of 6.2%. The primary source of this variability is trigeminal nerve artifact, but submaximal nerve stimulation, changing skin resistance, and inherent nerve properties may also influence results. An ideal stimulus intensity that avoids patient discomfort and trigeminal nerve artifact but attains maximal nerve response is not possible in every patient.
Mixed Conduction and Oxygen Permeation of ZrO2-Tb2O3.5-Y2O3 Solid Solutions (2023)

(ZrO2)1-x-y (Tb2O3.5)x (Y2O3)y solid solutions with a fluorite-type structure, where https://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"> x = 0.3 − 0.5 https://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xlink:href="https://s3-euw1-ap-pe-df-pch-content-public-p.s3.eu-west-1.amazonaws.com/9781003421290/07e4de97-c68f-4ca1-95b4-28d8b410031d/content/eq532.tif"/> and https://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"> y = 0 − 0.1 https://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xlink:href="https://s3-euw1-ap-pe-df-pch-content-public-p.s3.eu-west-1.amazonaws.com/9781003421290/07e4de97-c68f-4ca1-95b4-28d8b410031d/content/eq533.tif"/> , were prepared using citrate synthesis. The solid solutions are mixed oxygen ion and electronic conducting materials. The total electrical conductivity reaches 3.8 S/m and the oxygen permeation is about 2.6 × 10−7 mol/m2.s, at 1173 K. The influence on the electrical conductivity and oxygen permeation of the valence change of Tb3+/4+ ions and of the addition of yttria to the solid solutions is discussed.
Protocol Composition Logic (PCL) (2007)

Protocol Composition Logic (PCL) is a logic for proving security properties of network protocols that use public and symmetric key cryptography. The logic is designed around a process calculus with actions for possible protocol steps including generating new random numbers, sending and receiving messages, and performing decryption and digital signature verification actions. The proof system consists of axioms about individual protocol actions and inference rules that yield assertions about protocols composed of multiple steps. Although assertions are written only using the steps of the protocol, the logic is sound in a strong sense: each provable assertion involving a sequence of actions holds in any protocol run containing the given actions and arbitrary additional actions by a malicious adversary. This approach lets us prove security properties of protocols under attack while reasoning only about the actions of honest parties in the protocol. PCL supports compositional reasoning about complex security protocols and has been applied to a number of industry standards including SSL/TLS, IEEE 802.11i and Kerberos V5.
Applicators for a Weed Pathogen plus Acifluorfen in Soybean (1987)

A low-volume (21.5 L/ha) spinning disc (controlled droplet applicator) and a high-volume (187 L/ha) boom-nozzle applicator were compared in applying tank mixtures of the weed pathogen Colletotrichum gloeosporioides (Penz.) Sacc. f. sp.] aeschynomene (henceforth designated C.G.A.) and acifluorfen {5-[2-chloro-4-(trifluoromethyl)phenoxy]-2-nitrobenzoic acid} for control of northern jointvetch [ Aeschynomene virginica (L.) B.S.P. # AESVI] and hemp sesbania [ Sesbania exaltata (Raf.) Rydb. ex A.W. Hill # SEBEX] in soybean [ Glycine max (L.) Merr. ‘Tracy M’]. Application with a spinning disc did not increase control of either weed species over the boom-nozzle applicator. C.G.A. controlled northern jointvetch in 2 of 3 yr. Northern jointvetch control with the spinning-disc was poorer at lower rates in years of unfavorable environment. Acifluorfen at 0.56 kg ai/ha and applied with either applicator controlled hemp sesbania satisfactorily.
Predicting Temperature of Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motor Based on Deep Neural Network (2020)

The heat loss and cooling modes of a permanent magnet synchronous motor (PMSM) directly affect the its temperature rise. The accurate evaluation and prediction of stator winding temperature is of great significance to the safety and reliability of PMSMs. In order to study the influencing factors of stator winding temperature and prevent motor insulation ageing, insulation burning, permanent magnet demagnetization and other faults caused by high stator winding temperature, we propose a computer model for PMSM temperature prediction. Ambient temperature, coolant temperature, direct-axis voltage, quadrature-axis voltage, motor speed, torque, direct-axis current, quadrature-axis current, permanent magnet surface temperature, stator yoke temperature, and stator tooth temperature are taken as the input, while the stator winding temperature is taken as the output. A deep neural network (DNN) model for PMSM temperature prediction was constructed. The experimental results showed the prediction error of the model (MAE) was 0.1515, the RMSE was 0.2368, the goodness of fit (R2) was 0.9439 and the goodness of fit between the predicted data and the measured data was high. Through comparative experiments, the prediction accuracy of the DNN model proposed in this paper was determined to be better than other models. This model can effectively predict the temperature change of stator winding, provide technical support to temperature early warning systems and ensure safe operation of PMSMs.
Property Mapping: A Simple Technique for Mobile Robot Programming (2000)

The mobile robot programming problem is a software engineering challenge that is not easily conquered using contemporary software engineering best practices. We propose robot observability as a measure of the diagnostic transparency of a situated robot program, then describe property mapping as a simple, language-independent approach to implementing reliable robot programs by maximizing robot observability. Examples from realworld, working robots are given in Lisp and Java. Introduction The recent availability of inexpensive, reliable robot chassis (e.g. ActivMedia Pioneer, IS-Robotics Magellan, Nomad Scout) has broadened the accessibility of mobile robotics research. Because these robots consist of fixed hardware out-of-the-box, this technology is shifting the emphasis of mobile robot research from a joint hardware and software design process toward hardware-unaware mobile robot programming. This is a software design problem, and yet software engineering best practices are ...
Extracellular α-synuclein drives sphingosine 1-phosphate receptor subtype 1 out of lipid rafts, leading to impaired inhibitory G-protein signaling (2018)

α-Synuclein (α-Syn)-positive intracytoplasmic inclusions, known as Lewy bodies, are thought to be involved in the pathogenesis of Lewy body diseases, such as Parkinson's disease (PD). Although growing evidence suggests that cell-to-cell transmission of α-Syn is associated with the progression of PD and that extracellular α-Syn promotes formation of inclusion bodies, its precise mechanism of action in the extracellular space remains unclear. Here, as indicated by both conventional fractionation techniques and FRET-based protein-protein interaction analysis, we demonstrate that extracellular α-Syn causes expulsion of sphingosine 1-phosphate receptor subtype 1 (S1P<sub>1</sub>R) from the lipid raft fractions. S1P<sub>1</sub>R regulates vesicular trafficking, and its expulsion involved α-Syn binding to membrane-surface gangliosides. Consequently, the S1P<sub>1</sub>R became refractory to S1P stimulation required for activating inhibitory G-protein (G<sub>i</sub>) in the plasma membranes. Moreover, the extracellular α-Syn also induced uncoupling of the S1P<sub>1</sub>R on internal vesicles, resulting in the reduced amount of CD63 molecule (CD63) in the lumen of multivesicular endosomes, together with a decrease in CD63 in the released exosomes from α-Syn-treated cells. Furthermore, cholesterol-depleting agent-induced S1P<sub>1</sub>R expulsion from the rafts also resulted in S1P<sub>1</sub>R uncoupling. Taken together, these results suggest that extracellular α-Syn-induced expulsion of S1P<sub>1</sub>R from lipid rafts promotes the uncoupling of S1P<sub>1</sub>R from G<sub>i</sub>, thereby blocking subsequent G<sub>i</sub> signals, such as inhibition of cargo sorting into exosomal vesicles in multivesicular endosomes. These findings help shed additional light on PD pathogenesis.
Understanding and Interpreting Dominant Frequency Analysis of AF Electrograms (2007)

Dominant frequency analysis of atrial electrograms has been used to understand the pathophysiology of atrial fibrillation (AF). Although dominant frequency is an effective tool to estimate activation rate during AF, other factors besides activation rate may alter the results. Therefore, an adequate conceptual understanding of frequency domain analysis is required to properly use this technique and interpret the results. This review, while avoiding the use of formulas and equations, aims to explain fundamental theory of how signals can be decomposed into sine waves and how these sine waves relate to the activation rate detected from the electrograms. Through a series of examples and illustrations this relationship can be easily conceptualized. This will in turn allow the strengths and limitations of dominant frequency analysis to be better understood and improve its applicability to potential clinical usages.
Mullerian Adenosarcoma of the Female Genital Tract (2010)

Mullerian adenosarcoma is an uncommon, but not rare, mixed tumor containing a neoplastic but benign or mildly atypical epithelial element and a sarcomatous, usually low-grade, stromal component. The most common site is the uterine corpus but adenosarcoma also occurs in the cervix and ovary and more rarely in the vagina, fallopian tube, arising from peritoneal surfaces, or outside the female genital tract, for example in the intestine. Most uterine cases have a polypoid gross appearance, sometimes resulting in the formation of multiple polyps. Characteristic histologic features include a low power "phyllodes-like" architecture with leaf-like projections lined by a variety of benign Mullerian type epithelia, sometimes with squamous metaplasia. Intraglandular stromal protrusions are a characteristic feature. The stroma may be uniformly cellular but there is typically increased cellularity around the epithelial elements, resulting in the formation of a cambium layer. Using the World Health Organization definition, stromal mitotic activity of 2 or more per 10 high-power fields is required for a diagnosis of adenosarcoma but in practice the diagnosis is made with stromal mitotic activity less than this if the characteristic architecture and cambium layer is present. The stromal component is usually morphologically "low-grade" and of endometrial stromal or fibroblastic type (hormone receptor and CD10 positive). Sometimes it is high grade, resembling undifferentiated sarcoma. Additional features sometimes present include heterologous stromal elements or sex cord-like differentiation. Uterine adenosarcomas are, in general, low-grade neoplasms capable of local recurrence after polypectomy or hysterectomy and much less commonly distant metastasis. The 2 most important adverse prognostic factors, which sometimes coexist, are deep myometrial invasion and sarcomatous overgrowth; the latter is usually associated with morphologically "high-grade" stromal elements with loss of expression of hormone receptors and CD10. Adenosarcoma may be confused with a variety of lesions and one of the main differential diagnoses is adenofibroma in which the stromal component is, by definition, morphologically benign. However, occasional adenofibromas recur or even metastasize. As such, it has been suggested that all adenofibromas should be classified as adenosarcomas, albeit with low-malignant potential. Ovarian adenosarcomas are much more likely to exhibit malignant behavior than their uterine counterparts, probably due to the lack of an anatomic barrier to peritoneal dissemination.
Lipids of Putative Relevance to Virulence in <i>Mycobacterium tuberculosis</i> : Correlation of Virulence with Elaboration of Sulfatides and Strongly Acidic Lipids (1974)

From examination of some 40 patient strains of Mycobacterium tuberculosis, a statistically very significant correlation (Spearman's rho) can be drawn between the root index of virulence for the guinea pig (D. A. Mitchison) and the ability of the individual strains to elaborate strongly acidic lipids (SAL) in culture. These include both sulfatides (SL) and phospholipids (PL). Since essentially all, if indeed not all, of the virulent and only few attenuated strains are prolific in elaborating SAL, this criterion may be a necessary requirement for the expression of virulence in M. tuberculosis. Tested by chi-square, this premise is seen to be statistically and pragmatically highly significant. We speculate that SL may contribute to the pathogenesis of tuberculosis because of a demonstrable activity directed against host liver mitochondrial membranes (manuscript in preparation) and its synergistic potentiation of the specific toxicity of trehalose dimycolate (cord factor). The activity may also be expressed against phagosomal and lysosomal membranes within macrophages. Because of their strongly anionic character, SL and PL may interact with cationic sites on lysosomal hydrolases with resultant immobilization and/or inactivation of the enzymes. By a similar mechanism, these ionic lipids may alter the activity of bactericidal basic proteins, previously recognized in the lysosomal armamentarium. Since a minor but significant fraction of demonstrably attenuated strains is nevertheless prolific in SL or SAL elaboration, this facility alone is evidently not a sufficient criterion for expression of virulence.
An integrated heterodyne interferometer with on-chip detectors and modulators (2015)

Thesis: Sc. D., Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, 2015.
Embedded trench DRAMs for sub-0.10-μm generation by using hemispherical-grain technique and LOCOS collar process (2001)

For the future system on chip era, the embedded DRAM is one of the most important devices. Since the kinds of device increase and each device must be produced from only 10000 wafers, it is difficult to withdraw the investment cost to fabricate each device. To suppress the investment cost, the devices must be shrunk by changing the integration and the materials as little as possible. In this paper, we propose the trench capacitor scaling strategy. We show that the strategy achieves 30 fF/cell for the 0.08 /spl mu/m trench and reduces the cost of ownership (COO) and raw process time (RPT) of the 0.08 /spl mu/m trench to 80% of 0.18-/spl mu/m trench, with an investment of only $1.6 M. It is achieved by the LOCOS collar process and HSG technique.
Measurement of axial stress at high spatial resolution in ultraviolet-exposed fibers (1999)

High-spatial-resolution measurements of axial-stress profiles of UV-irradiated fibers are reported, providing diagnostic information and a technique for the direct observation of UV-written grating structures. Measurements have been made with a spatial resolution of approximately 0.3 microm, which is capable of resolving detail within the pitch of the gratings.
CB 9940 and CB 9941 summer turnip rapes (2001)

Two canola-quality summer turnip rape (Brassica rapa L.) lines that are resistant to blackleg [Leptosphaeria maculans (Desm.) Ces. et de Not.] have been developed. Glucosinolates are marginally higher, while seed yields and oil contents are lower than the check cultivars. Key words: Rape, canola, Brassica rapa, germplasm description, blackleg resistance