gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
The Effect of Interleukin-1 Receptor Antagonist on Arteries and Cholesterol Metabolism (2006)

This review summarizes both the structure and function of IL-1 receptor antagonist (IL-1Ra), and relates our new findings, particularly those obtained in IL-1Ra-deficient mice (IL-1Ra(-/-)), to the role of IL-1Ra in arterial diseases and cholesterol metabolism. IL-1Ra(-/-) mice show an increase in neointima-formation after arterial injury. Heterozygosity in the IL-1Ra gene against the apolipoprotein E-deficient background revealed a role for IL-1 in promoting atherogenic cell signaling and that the larger lesions of IL-1Ra(-/-) mice are enriched in macrophages and depleted of smooth muscle cells. Furthermore, IL-1Ra(-/-) mice developed severe fatty livers and hypercholesteroremia following 20 weeks on a atherogenic diet compared to WT mice. Taken together, these results suggest that IL-1Ra plays important roles in restenosis after angioplasty, the development of atherosclerosis, and the metabolism of cholesterol in vivo.
Passive Attenuation of Modal Cavity Aeroacoustics Under Supersonic and Transonic Conditions (2014)

Open cavities exposed to a grazing flow can exhibit large pressure fluctuations, which may result in damage to stores or components carried within a weapon bay. This study investigates the use of passive resonant absorbers based on Helmholtz resonators to attenuate the problematic pressure fluctuations that arise in cavity flows, under both transonic and supersonic conditions. The experimental investigations indicate that resonant arrays can be used to provide attenuation levels of up to 26 dB within a cavity under supersonic conditions. These supersonic designs were based on the properties of transonic devices, which also delivered high attenuation levels, with up to 15 dB attenuation for a single mode at Mach 0.95. A combined configuration with an array installed at both ends of the cavity, under supersonic conditions, provided attenuation levels up to 15 dB for multiple modes simultaneously, as well as a reduction in the broadband noise. This study investigates the attenuation mechanism for these devices, and discusses the effects of the high sound pressure levels, which arise within a resonant cavity, on the operation of the palliatives. A new semi-empirical model for resonant arrays under such acoustic environments is developed, and design guidelines of cavity applications are provided.
Emergency admissions for upper gastrointestinal disease and their relation to NSAID use (1997)

There is a strong association between NSAID use and propensity for upper gastrointestinal emergency admission; NSAID use is associated with significant morbidity and mortality each year in UK.
Tumor necrosis factor alpha stimulates AP-1 activity through prolonged activation of the c-Jun kinase. (2021)

Tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF alpha) has multiple biological functions including the prolonged activation of the collagenase and c-jun genes, which are regulated via their AP-1 binding sites. We show that incubating human fibroblasts with TNF alpha induces prolonged activation of JNK, the c-Jun kinase, which phosphorylates the transactivation domain of c-Jun. Furthermore, an immune complex kinase assay specifically demonstrates that TNF alpha stimulates the activity of JNK1, the recently described predominant form of JNK. TNF alpha also produces a small and transient increase in extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) activity and no measured increase in Raf-1 kinase activity. On the other hand, epidermal growth factor causes a prolonged activation of Raf-1 kinase and ERK activity and a smaller, more transient activation of JNK, whereas the phorbol ester phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate causes a small stimulation of Raf-1 kinase and a pronounced stimulation of ERK activity. The activation of JNK by TNF alpha does not correlate with Raf-1 or ERK activity. The kinetics of Raf-1, ERK, and JNK induction by epidermal growth factor, phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate, or TNF alpha indicate distinct mechanisms of activation in human fibroblasts.
On-column sample gating for high-speed capillary zone electrophoresis (1991)

High-speed zone electrophoresis in a fused-silica capillary is described. Elevated electric fields and short capillary lengths allow a mixture of fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC) labeled amino acids to be separated in times as short as 1.5 s. Formation of the analyte zone at the head of the capillary is controlled by laser-induced photolysis of a tagging reagent. This gating procedure allows rapid and automated introduction of sample into the capillary. Ultimately, Joule heating of the buffer limits the speed and efficiency of the separation.
Follow the Silyl Cation: Insights into the Vorbrüggen Reaction (2019)

To succeed in the development of a mechanistic model for the Vorbrüggen reaction of thymine with an advanced furanose intermediate, a range of spectroscopic techniques were applied and found essential to understanding kinetically relevant, yet nonisolable, silylated reaction intermediates. Understanding of the dynamic nature of the interaction of trimethylsilyl trifluoromethanesulfonate with these functionally dense substrates allowed for the accurate prediction and straightforward explanation of the relationship between process parameters and the levels of key impurities.
Organic Light-Emitting Transistors with Simultaneous Enhancement of Optical Power and External Quantum Efficiency via Conjugated Polar Polymer Interlayers (2018)

Organic light-emitting transistors (OLETs) show the fascinating combination of electrical switching characteristics and light generation capability. However, to ensure an effective device operation, an efficient injection of charges into the emissive layer is required. The introduction of solution-processed conjugated polyelectrolyte (CPE) films at the emissive layer/electrode interface represents a promising strategy to improve the electron injection process by dipole formation. However, their use in optoelectronic devices also involves some limitations because of the ionic nature of CPEs. In this context, neutral conjugated polar polymers (CPPs) represent a valid alternative to CPEs because the conjugated backbones of CPPs are functionalized with polar nonionic side groups, thus avoiding ion-dependent drawbacks. By introducing a layer of polyfluorene-containing phosphonate groups underneath the metal electrodes, we here demonstrate a substantial improvement of the electron injection properties into the OLET-emissive layer and, accordingly, a more than 2-fold increased light power and a 5 times higher external quantum efficiency of p-type OLETs in comparison with reference devices without any interlayer. The great benefit of using a transparent glass substrate allowed to selectively investigate the morphological and photoluminescent characteristics of both CPE- and CPP-buried interlayers within complete OLETs by means of an optical scanning probe technique. This, together with a thorough optoelectronic characterization of the figures of merit of working light-emitting devices, allowed to disclose the origin of the improved optical performance of CPP-based devices as well as the operation mechanisms of the investigated interlayer in the corresponding OLETs.
Xylem development and function in the grape peduncle: Relations to bunch stem necrosis (2015)

Using a simple flow test evidence is provided that in some grape varieties xylem development is suppressed just distal to each node of the peduncle system. A little further along, development is again normal giving a bottleneck appearance. The bottleneck would appear to offer a high resistance to xylem sap flow both because of its reduced area of cross-section and because of its having only small, primary vessels. The varieties exhibiting a distinct bottleneck tend to be those susceptible to bunch stem necrosis whereas the ones without it tend not to be susceptible.
Integrated Micro Thermal Sensors for Local Temperature Measurements in Microsystems (1999)

An array of integrated thermal micro sensors was successfully designed, fabricated and characterized for the measurement of temperature distributions in forced convection microchannel flows. Polycrystalline microsensors with the size of 4μmx4μmx0.4μm were suspended across the micro-channels, with hydraulic diameters of less than 3μm, directly exposed to the fluid for local temperature measurements. The fabrication of the integrated microsystem was accomplished using surface micromachining techniques. The sensor sensitivity, time response, accuracy and long term stability are documented. A theoretical analysis of the sensor performance, as part of an integrated microsystem, is presented to provide a framework for the interpretation of the experimental results.
The SIMPLE Presence and Event Architecture (2006)

Current presence systems offer only basic services that are mostly useful for dial-up environments, while event services have not seen widespread deployment. We describe the SIP-based event architecture that is being developed within the SIMPLE working group that supports richer functionality, multiple event sources and better privacy control
Alboserpin, a Factor Xa Inhibitor from the Mosquito Vector of Yellow Fever, Binds Heparin and Membrane Phospholipids and Exhibits Antithrombotic Activity (2011)

The molecular mechanism of factor Xa (FXa) inhibition by Alboserpin, the major salivary gland anticoagulant from the mosquito and yellow fever vector Aedes albopictus, has been characterized. cDNA of Alboserpin predicts a 45-kDa protein that belongs to the serpin family of protease inhibitors. Recombinant Alboserpin displays stoichiometric, competitive, reversible and tight binding to FXa (picomolar range). Binding is highly specific and is not detectable for FX, catalytic site-blocked FXa, thrombin, and 12 other enzymes. Alboserpin displays high affinity binding to heparin (K(D) ~ 20 nM), but no change in FXa inhibition was observed in the presence of the cofactor, implying that bridging mechanisms did not take place. Notably, Alboserpin was also found to interact with phosphatidylcholine and phosphatidylethanolamine but not with phosphatidylserine. Further, annexin V (in the absence of Ca(2+)) or heparin outcompetes Alboserpin for binding to phospholipid vesicles, suggesting a common binding site. Consistent with its activity, Alboserpin blocks prothrombinase activity and increases both prothrombin time and activated partial thromboplastin time in vitro or ex vivo. Furthermore, Alboserpin prevents thrombus formation provoked by ferric chloride injury of the carotid artery and increases bleeding in a dose-dependent manner. Alboserpin emerges as an atypical serpin that targets FXa and displays unique phospholipid specificity. It conceivably uses heparin and phosphatidylcholine/phosphatidylethanolamine as anchors to increase protein localization and effective concentration at sites of injury, cell activation, or inflammation.
Acetyl CoA:alpha-glucosaminide N-acetyl transferase: partial purification from human liver. (1983)

The lysosomal enzyme acetyl CoA:alpha-glucosaminide N-acetyltransferase (GNAT) was shown to be an integral membrane protein requiring high concentrations of the detergent Triton X-100 for maximal solubilization. Using a concentration dependent Triton X-100 solubilization procedure and Concanavalin A-Sepharose affinity chromatography, GNAT was purified 50-fold with a yield of 45%. GNAT activity was separated from N-acetyltransferase activity toward glucosamine 6-phosphate, an alternative non-lysosomal pathway for glucosamine metabolism. GNAT was different from other lysosomal enzymes which bound to Concanavalin A-Sepharose in that both alpha-methylmannoside and Triton X-100 were required for elution of enzyme activity. GNAT activity, which bound to Concanavalin A-Sepharose, required at least one other component which did not bind for maximal expression of enzyme activity and for storage stability. Phospholipids and glycolipids, such as phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylcholine, phosphatidylglycerol, sphingomyelin and gangliosides, and bovine serum albumin allowed expression of enzyme activity and storage stability similar to the component(s) which did not bind to Concanavalin A-Sepharose.
Model Checking UML State Machines and Collaborations (2001)

The Unified Modeling Language provides two complementary notations, state machines and collaborations, for the specification of dynamic system behavior. We describe a prototype tool, HUGO, that is designed to automatically verify whether the interactions expressed by a collaboration can indeed be realized by a set of state machines. We compile state machines into a PROMELA model and collaborations into sets of Büchi automata (“never claims”). The model checker SPIN is called upon to verify the model against the automata.
Odor Hedonics: Connection With Emotional Response Estimated by Autonomic Parameters (1997)

The aim of this paper is to analyse the relationship between self-report hedonic evaluations and the physiological expression of emotion in response to odorants. We try to solve the following questions: (1) Is it possible to find any experimental evidence that the sense of smell is linked with emotion? (2) What kind of odorants can be distinguished by autonomic analysis? (3) Is there a link between hedonics and autonomic information? The effects of odorants on the emotional process were estimated, in terms of autonomic nervous system (ANS) activity. Fifteen subjects inhaled five odorants as olfactory stimuli: lavender (LAV), ethyl acetoacetate (EAA), camphor (CAM), acetic acid (AA) and butyric acid (BA). After inhaling the odorant, subjects were requested to fill out an 11-point hedonic scale to rate its pleasantness versus unpleasantness. ANS parameters were as follows: two electrodermal responses, skin potential (SP) and resistance (SR); two thermovascular parameters, skin blood flow (SBF) and skin temperature (ST); and two cardiorespiratory parameters; instantaneous respiratory frequency (IRF) and instantaneous heart rate (IHR). Simultaneous recording of six parameters showed that specific autonomic patterns were associated with each odorant. An analysis of variance made it possible to differentiate among the five odorants. Two-by-two odorant comparisons for autonomic responses using Tukey's HSD multiple comparison test only permitted differentiation between pleasant odorants (LAV and EAA) and unpleasant (AA and BA) ones, but camphor was differentiated from both pleasant and unpleasant odorants. Each odorant elicited responses in the different parameters, yet subjects responded through their preferential channels; an average of two channels was used by each subject. These results when compared with those obtained with other senses (visual and auditory), did not evidence the postulated preferential link between olfaction and emotion. A strong link between hedonics and ANS response could be demonstrated when considering each subject and mainly through his/her preferential channel(s); conversely a weak correlation (SR duration excepted) was obtained between inter-subjects' hedonic evaluation. It seems that for a given population the autonomic response reflect the odor valence only through some parameters related to the main preferential channel(s) and thus the global autonomic pattern has to be considered.
Breeding Birds in Early Successional Oldfields: the Effect of Area on Community Structure (1996)

The area of a particular habitat type affects the number of breeding birds the habitat contains. Much of what has been discovered about area effects has come from studies of fragmented natural habitats such as forests and prairies. In the present study, human-induced habitats, such as oldfields, were studied to determine whether or not area had similar effects on the avian community. A total of 11 early successional fields were censused for birds throughout the breeding seasons of 1989 and 1990. Results indicated a significant difference in the number of breeding species occurred between small, medium and large fields. In addition, a linear relationship between field size and corresponding number of species was evident. Species that increased with field area were permanent residents and neotropical migrants. The latter group is of primary interest because of area sensitivity reported from other habitats, e.g., forests. Results from studies of forest fragments suggest that because predator and brood parasite densities are greater in and around small woodlots, many species may have poorer reproductive success in forest fragments compared to forests with greater core areas. Some evidence from this study and others suggest that a similar phenomenon may occur in birds breeding in oldfield habitats, with migratory species being the most susceptible.
M2NN: Rare Event Inference through Multi-variate Multi-scale Attention (2020)

With the increasing availability of sensory data, inferring the existence of relevant events in the observations is becoming a critical task for smart data service delivery in applications that rely on such data sources. Yet, existing solutions tend to fail when the events that are being inferred are rare, for instance when one attempts to infer seizure events in electroencephalogram (EEG) data. In this paper, we note that multi-variate time series often carry robust localized multi-variate temporal features that could, at least in theory, help identify these events; however, the lack of sufficient data to train for these events make it impossible for neural architectures to identify and make use of these features. To tackle this challenge, we propose an LSTM-based neural architecture, M2N N, with an attention mechanism that leverages robust multivariate temporal features that are extracted a priori and fed into the NN as a side information. In particular, multi-variate temporal features are extracted by simultaneously considering, at multiple scales, temporal characteristics of the time series along with external knowledge, including variate relationships that are known a priori. We then show that a single layer LSTM with dual-layer attention that leverages these multi-scale, multi-variate features provides significant gains in rare seizure detection on EEG data. In addition, in order to illustrate the broader applicability (and reproducibility) of M2N N, we also evaluate it in other publicly available rare event detection tasks, such as anomaly detection in manufacturing. We further show that the proposed M2N N technique is beneficial in tackling more traditional inference problems, such as travel-time prediction, where rare accident events can cause congestions.
Towards auto-documentary (2004)

News videos constitute an important source of information for tracking and documenting important events. In these videos, news stories are often accompanied by short video shots that tend to be repeated during the course of the event. Automatic detection of such repetitions is essential for creating auto-documentaries, for alleviating the limitation of traditional textual topic detection methods. In this paper, we propose novel methods for detecting and tracking the evolution of news over time. The proposed method exploits both visual cues and textual information to summarize evolving news stories. Experiments are carried on the TREC-VID data set consisting of 120 hours of news videos from two different channels.
Inverse relation between in vivo amyloid imaging load and cerebrospinal fluid Aβ <sub>42</sub> in humans (2005)

These observations suggest that brain amyloid deposition results in low CSF Abeta(42), and that amyloid imaging and CSF Abeta(42) may potentially serve as antecedent biomarkers of (preclinical) AD.
Red blood cell aggregation and sedimentation: the role of the cell shape (1989)

The influence of erythrocyte shape changes on the sedimentation rate was studied in vitro and in vivo. In vitro the highest sedimentation rate was observed with a slight degree of stomatocytosis (morphological index-0.3; i.e. one red cell out of three being a stomatocyte I). With increasing degrees of stomatocytosis the sedimentation rate gradually decreased. Echinocytosis reduced the aggregation and sedimentation very drastically; the sedimentation rate was virtually zero when echinocytosis I or higher degrees were present. The influence of abnormal cell shapes occurring in vivo was studied in patients with an abnormal blood smear. It was found that a severely abnormal red cell morphology reduced the sedimentation rate in a standardized, fibrinogen-rich plasma to about half. These results indicate that the shape plays a crucial role in the aggregation and sedimentation of red cells and they may contribute to the understanding of the interaction of red cells with other cells such as endothelium.
APC gene mutations in Italian familial polyposis coli patients. (1993)

Adenomatous polyposis coli is an autosomal dominant disease characterized by the development of hundreds of colorectal adenomas in young adults. If prophylactic colectomy is not performed, colorectal cancer develops in virtually all affected individuals by the fifth decade of life. All at-risk relatives older than 10 years of age need to be screened regularly by endoscopy. Recently, the gene responsible for the disease, the APC gene, was cloned. The finding of inactivating mutations of the APC gene in Italian APC patients allowed us to offer DNA-based diagnostic tests to these families.
Multi-Band Transport Technologies for In-Building Host-Neutral Wireless Over Fiber Access Systems (2010)

We present two key system technologies on the two ends of RF spectrum to support optical-wireless access using radio-over-fiber (RoF) based distributed antenna system (DAS) for in-building environments. The proposed technologies can enable protocol-independent, multi-carrier broadband connectivity to the end users' devices deployed in the in-door facilities by supporting existing and emerging wireless services with lower radio frequency carrier (from 500 MHz up to 3 GHz) as well as future-proof very high throughput (VHT) gigabit wireless services using 60 GHz mm-wave band. For low frequency wireless services, a broad spectrum band-shifting technique is experimentally demonstrated to simultaneously transmit multi-service multiple input multiple output (MIMO) radio signals over in-building active DAS. This approach facilitates easy upgrading of existing non-MIMO services to MIMO services or adding future MIMO services in a simple and cost-effective way. For wireless-VHT service, for the first time to our knowledge, we demonstrate simultaneous all-optical up-conversion of multiple, separate gigabit wireless services at 60 GHz and 64 GHz mm-wave band using one single lightwave transmitter. This scheme can be used to achieve seamless convergence of very high throughput wireless personal area network (VHT-WPAN) with more conventional low frequency distributed antenna based optical-wireless access system.