gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Analysis of apoptosis in solid tumors by laser-scanning cytometry. (1998)

Apoptosis (programmed cell death) plays an important role in tissue physiology and pathology. First, tumor development and progression is often associated with defective regulation of apoptotic pathways, and measurement of apoptosis might be equally important for the analysis of cell proliferation. Second, tumor cells die by apoptosis during chemotherapy or radiotherapy, so monitoring the level of apoptosis might prove useful in modulating treatment or in predicting the biologic behavior of the tumor. Flow cytometry (FC), in conjunction with DNA strand-break labeling assays, is commonly used to assess apoptosis, but unless combined with cell sorting, FC results cannot correlate with morphology. Also, analysis by FC is associated with cell loss during preparation of the specimen. In this study, we identified apoptotic cells by in situ DNA strand-break labeling in solid tumors and then analyzed those cells by laser-scanning cytometry (LSC). LSC provides data comparable to those obtained by FC, but because the cells are prepared and measured on a slide, there is no cell loss. Also, with LSC, each measured cell can be relocated and examined visually by conventional or fluorescence microscopy to confirm its identity. With use of this approach, we analyzed apoptosis in 30 primary solid tumors of different types. The number of cells with DNA strand breaks varied from tumor to tumor and ranged from 0.5 to 28.1% (average, 7.0%). FC on the same tumors gave similar results. More than 95% of the relocated cells with DNA strand breaks either had the typical appearance of late apoptosis or showed strong green fluorescence within or at the periphery of the nucleus. Our results suggest that different morphologic variants of apoptosis might be common in different tumor types and that cytometric quantification might provide biologically useful information not otherwise easy to obtain.
Computer aids for decision-making in radiology (1996)

A key aim of work in medical informatics is to help clinicians make use of a super abundance of information. Decision support systems assist by organising the selection and presentation of information. We argue that, since a variety of computerised information sources are now conceivable, tools combining different kinds of information source are required. We have developed a generic architecture in which a model of decision making and of image interpretation provides the framework for combining symbolic knowledge and information derived from digital image processing. We have identified four kinds of knowledge source used in decision aids for radiological image interpretation: image databases; numerical decision aids; expert systems; and image processing. (3 pages)
On the Optimization of Deep Networks: Implicit Acceleration by Overparameterization (2018)

Conventional wisdom in deep learning states that increasing depth improves expressiveness but complicates optimization. This paper suggests that, sometimes, increasing depth can speed up optimization. The effect of depth on optimization is decoupled from expressiveness by focusing on settings where additional layers amount to overparameterization - linear neural networks, a well-studied model. Theoretical analysis, as well as experiments, show that here depth acts as a preconditioner which may accelerate convergence. Even on simple convex problems such as linear regression with $\ell_p$ loss, $p>2$, gradient descent can benefit from transitioning to a non-convex overparameterized objective, more than it would from some common acceleration schemes. We also prove that it is mathematically impossible to obtain the acceleration effect of overparametrization via gradients of any regularizer.
Chiral Discrimination of Camphorquinone Enantiomers by Cyclodextrins:  A Spectroscopic and Photophysical Study (2002)

The complexation of (1R)-(−)-camphorquinone and (1S)-(+)-camphorquinone with α-, β-, and γ-cyclodextrins (CD) is elucidated by a combination of spectroscopic techniques and theoretical methods applying a dynamic Monte Carlo procedure. The absorption, induced circular dichroism (icd), luminescence, and transient triplet−triplet absorption properties of the two enantiomers are modified by the CDs in agreement with the formation of 2:1 host/guest complexes with α-CD and 1:1 complexes with β- and γ-CD. The equilibrium constants and, in part, the triplet lifetimes indicate a distinct chiral discrimination of cyclodextrins toward the two camphorquinone enantiomers. These results were in addition supported by conformational calculations and theoretical interpretation of icd spectra, which also provided detailed structural data on the complexes.
Tango: A Multiprocessor Simulation and Tracing System (1990)

Tango is a software simulation and tracing system used to obtain data for evaluating parallel programs and multiprocessor systems. The system provides a simulated multiprocessor environment by multiplexing application processes onto a single processor. Tango achieves high efficiency by running compiled user code, and by focusing on the information of greatest interest to multiprocessing studies. The system is being applied to a wide range of investigations, including algorithm studies and a variety of hardware evaluations.
Dopaminergic amacrine cells in the inner nuclear layer and ganglion cell layer comprise a single functional retinal mosaic (2003)

Many types of retinal neuron are distributed in an orderly manner across the surface of the retina. Indeed, the existence of such regularity amongst a population of neurons, termed a retinal mosaic, may be a defining feature of functionally independent types of retinal neuron. We have examined the spatial distribution of dopaminergic amacrine cells in the ferret retina both in the inner nuclear layer (INL) and in the ganglion cell layer (GCL) to determine whether the cells in each layer form an independent retinal mosaic as evidence of whether they should be considered as two separate types. Ferret retinas contain approximately 1,900 dopaminergic amacrine cells, of which 27% are located in the GCL, and the rest in the INL. Based on analysis of their Voronoi domains as well as autocorrelation analysis and tests for complete spatial randomness, we found that the distribution of INL cells was statistically regular, while that of the GCL cells was not. However, by using cross-correlation analysis, these two groups of cells were found to be spatially dependent: an exclusion zone was detected in the cross-correlogram of roughly the same size as that found in the autocorrelograms of both INL and GCL cells. Such a pattern would be expected if dopaminergic amacrine cells in the INL and GCL were members of a single regular population differing only in their somatic depth. By using computer simulations, we tested this hypothesis directly, confirming that a random assignment of 27% from the total population produces cross-correlograms that are indistinguishable from those of the biological mosaics. We conclude, therefore, that the cells in the two layers form a single functional population; those in the GCL appear to be misplaced. Somatic positioning with respect to depth within the retina is not, by itself, a reliable guide for functional classification.
Novel DC ring topology and protection system - a comprehensive solution for mega city power grids (2009)

The development of mega cities such as Tokyo, Mumbai, Beijing, Shanghai, Guangzhou, and Dhaka leads to increased load concentration and brings\nadditional challenges to managing power on already strained networks while keeping power available for critical loads. Problems such as power factor regulation, power quality, voltage instability, increased short circuit levels and\nenvironmental impact are not easily solved by adding parallel lines, shunt capacitors, or building new substations.\n\nTo ensure power availability and redundancy, mega cities are fed from multiple power sources using AC and DC links with AC terminal connections through transformers to city loads. This topology presents risk of cascading failures and total blackout should a problem happens anywhere in the AC network even when\na sophisticated protection scheme is deployed. Therefore, techniques using FACTS devices are being applied in some areas to alleviate power management difficulties but the increased rate of cities expansions forces utilities to overrate\nthese devices or increase their numbers. This approach may results in control and protection coordination problems, power oscillation, subsynchronous resonance, and torsional interaction with nearby generator units. Furthermore, any future load or supplied generation increase would require additional tuning of system controls or new installations of these device-based solutions.\n\nConsequently, the most effective solution is obtained when the individual AC subsystems representing sources and loads are decoupled so a fault in a given subsystem is not propagated to others. This solution can be achieved by a DC\nsystem where power sources and loads are connected to the DC bus through voltage source converters. For a mega city, this would be conceived as a DC ring feeding multiple loads and connected to remote and local power sources.\n\nUnfortunately, the lack of fast DC Circuit Breaker has been one of the key issues affecting extensive applications of DC systems with common DC buses. Because a DC fault would discharge all the capacitors causing delays in system recovery\nand possible wide system collapse.\n\nIn this research, we provide a comprehensive solution by identifying the proper DC system topology, designing the required protection device, and implementing a fast control algorithm.
Pristine Titanium Carbide MXene Films with Environmentally Stable Conductivity and Superior Mechanical Strength (2019)

Abstract 2D titanium carbide (Ti 3 C 2 T x MXene) has potential application in flexible/transparent conductors because of its metallic conductivity and solution processability. However, solution‐processed Ti 3 C 2 T x films suffer from poor hydration stability and mechanical performance that stem from the presence of intercalants, which are unavoidably introduced during the preparation of Ti 3 C 2 T x suspension. A proton acid colloidal processing approach is developed to remove the extrinsic intercalants in Ti 3 C 2 T x film materials, producing pristine Ti 3 C 2 T x films with significantly enhanced conductivity, mechanical strength, and environmental stability. Typically, pristine Ti 3 C 2 T x films show more than twofold higher conductivity (10 400 S cm −1 vs 4620 S cm −1 ) and up to 11‐ and 32‐times higher strength and strain energy at failure (112 MPa, 1,480 kJ m −3 , vs 10 MPa, 45 kJ m −3 ) than films prepared without proton acid processing. Simultaneously, the conductivity and mechanical integrity of pristine films are also largely retained during the long‐term storage in H 2 O/O 2 environment. The improvement in mechanical performance and conductivity is originated from the intrinsic strong interaction between Ti 3 C 2 T x layers, and the absence of extrinsic intercalants makes pristine Ti 3 C 2 T x films stable in humidity by blocking the intercalation of H 2 O/O 2 . This method makes the material more competitive for real‐world applications such as electromagnetic interference shielding.
Quasilongitudinal pseudosurface acoustic waves in trigonal crystals (2002)

Quasilongitudinal pseudosurface acoustic wave (QLPSAW) progresses along a solid surface at a velocity exceeding those of the two slowest bulk waves and radiates them. Calculated properties of the wave in the X-axis direction of La/sub 3/Ga/sub 5/SiO/sub 14/ and of SiO/sub 2/ as well as on some doubly rotated cuts of LiNbO/sub 3/ and LiTaO/sub 3/ are discussed. Along the [100] axis of langasite QLPSAW is found, its velocity is less than that of longitudinal bulk wave and its attenuation coefficient is about 10 dB/wavelength. QLPSAW can exist in the same direction of quartz crystal too, but its velocity is greater than the fastest bulk wave speed, and attenuation is of the order of 10/sup -3/-10/sup -2/ dB/wavelength. In lithium niobate and lithium tantalate crystals directions of possible existence of QLPSAW form bounded regions. Attenuation of the wave tends to zero at the boundaries of the regions and its phase velocity is close to the speed of the longitudinal bulk wave.
Antitumor Activity of Glycosylated Molluscan Hemocyanins via Guerin Ascites Tumor (2010)

As observed in most molluscan hemocyanins, high-mannose type glycans were identified in hemocyanins from Rapana venosa (RvH), Helix lucorum (HlH) and keyhole limpet (Megatura crenulata). In addition, a glycan with a branching structure containing xylose, fucose and terminal methyl hexose was identified in β-HlH. We have examined the immuno-adjuvant properties of hemocyanins, their derivatives and conjugates associated with the cell mediated immunity in experimental tumor-bearing animals with ascites tumor of Guerin. After immunization of the animals with the experimental vaccine preparations, the highest values of splenic lymphocytes were observed in groups immunized with the conjugates RvH-TAg, β-HlH-TAg and KLH-TAg (42.3%; 40.8% and 40.58%, respectively) than with the native hemocyanins (36.5%; 35.1% and 32.4%, respectively). The immunization of rats with the hemocyanins β-HlH, RvH and KLH and their conjugates, prolonged the median survival time of tumor-bearing animals compared with non-immunized animals (39, 33, 31 and 7 days, respectively). Both hemocyanins β-HlH and RvH activate the immune system of the experimental animals and therefore could be a good alternative for KLH. For this reason they could be included into the composition of non-specific anti-tumor vaccines to enhance their effectiveness.
Cerebral Injury After Cardiac Surgery (1999)

These prospective multicenter findings demonstrate that patients undergoing intracardiac surgery combined with coronary revascularization are at formidable risk, in that 1 in 6 will develop cerebral complications that are frequently costly and devastating. Thus, new strategies for perioperative management--including technical and pharmacological interventions--are now mandated for this subgroup of cardiac surgery patients.
Potential negative obstacle detection by occlusion labeling (2007)

In this paper, we present an approach for potential negative obstacle detection, based on missing data interpretation that extends traditional techniques driven by data only, which capture the occupancy of the scene. The approach is decomposed into three steps: three-dimensional (3D) data accumulation and low level classification, 3D occluder propagation, and context-based occlusion labeling. The approach is validated using logged laser data collected in various outdoor natural terrains and also demonstrated live on-board the Demo-III experimental unmanned vehicle (XUV).
Sensing the hygroscopicity of polymer and copolymer materials using terahertz time-domain spectroscopy (2009)

We present the hygroscopicity of polymer and copolymer materials in the low terahertz (THz) frequency range using a linear absorption model. We identify COC 6013 and COC 5013 as optimal THz window materials, possessing both low hygroscopicity and high transmission in the THz regime. The correct choice of window material is of significance for transmission THz spectroscopy and of particular interest for THz liquid spectroscopy.
The POWER7 Binary Floating-Point Unit (2011)

The binary Floating-Point Unit (FPU) of the POWER7 processor is a 5.5 cycle Fused Multiply-Add (FMA) design, fully compliant with the IEEE 754-2008 standard. Unlike previous PowerPC designs, the POWER7 FPU merges the scalar and vector FPUs into a single unit executing three floating-point instruction sets: the single and double precision scalar set, the single precision VMX vector set, and the new single and double precision VSX vector and scalar set. Due to a compact buffer-free floor plan and several optimizations in the data and control flow, the streamlined POWER7 FPU achieves a factor of 2 area reduction over the POWER6 design, beyond the normal technology shrink. This results in a very power and area efficient FPU design, supporting a chip frequency of 4.14 GHz. A single 64-bit FPU instance measures only 0.26 mm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> in 45nm CMOS SOI.
Modern Approaches for Asymmetric Construction of Carbon–Fluorine Quaternary Stereogenic Centers: Synthetic Challenges and Pharmaceutical Needs (2018)

New methods for preparation of tailor-made fluorine-containing compounds are in extremely high demand in nearly every sector of chemical industry. The asymmetric construction of quaternary C-F stereogenic centers is the most synthetically challenging and, consequently, the least developed area of research. As a reflection of this apparent methodological deficit, pharmaceutical drugs featuring C-F stereogenic centers constitute less than 1% of all fluorine-containing medicines currently on the market or in clinical development. Here we provide a comprehensive review of current research activity in this area, including such general directions as asymmetric electrophilic fluorination via organocatalytic and transition-metal catalyzed reactions, asymmetric elaboration of fluorine-containing substrates via alkylations, Mannich, Michael, and aldol additions, cross-coupling reactions, and biocatalytic approaches.
Emerging roles for P2X<sub>1</sub>receptors in platelet activation (2004)

The platelet surface membrane possesses three P2 receptors activated by extracellular adenosine nucleotides; one member of the ionotropic receptor family (P2X(1)) and two members of the G-protein-coupled receptor family (P2Y(1) and P2Y(12)). P2Y(1) and P2Y(12) receptors have firmly established roles in platelet activation during thrombosis and haemostasis, whereas the importance of the P2X(1) receptor has been more controversial. However, recent studies have demonstrated that P2X(1) receptors can generate significant functional platelet responses alone and in synergy with other receptor pathways. In addition, studies in transgenic animals indicate an important role for P2X(1) receptors in platelet activation, particularly under conditions of shear stress and thus during arterial thrombosis. This review discusses the background behind discovery of P2X(1) receptors in platelets and their precursor cell, the megakaryocyte, and how signalling via these ion channels may participate in platelet activation.
RepeatNet: A Repeat Aware Neural Recommendation Machine for Session-Based Recommendation (2019)

Recurrent neural networks for session-based recommendation have attracted a lot of attention recently because of their promising performance. repeat consumption is a common phenomenon in many recommendation scenarios (e.g., e-commerce, music, and TV program recommendations), where the same item is re-consumed repeatedly over time. However, no previous studies have emphasized repeat consumption with neural networks. An effective neural approach is needed to decide when to perform repeat recommendation. In this paper, we incorporate a repeat-explore mechanism into neural networks and propose a new model, called RepeatNet, with an encoder-decoder structure. RepeatNet integrates a regular neural recommendation approach in the decoder with a new repeat recommendation mechanism that can choose items from a user’s history and recommends them at the right time. We report on extensive experiments on three benchmark datasets. RepeatNet outperforms state-of-the-art baselines on all three datasets in terms of MRR and Recall. Furthermore, as the dataset size and the repeat ratio increase, the improvements of RepeatNet over the baselines also increase, which demonstrates its advantage in handling repeat recommendation scenarios.
Social gravity (2010)

We describe a virtual "tether" for mobile devices that allows groups to have quick, simple and privacy-preserving meetups. Our design provides cues which allow dynamic coordination of rendezvous without revealing users' positions. Using accelerometers and magnetometers, combined with GPS positioning and non-visual feedback, users can probe and sense a dynamic virtual object representing the nearest meeting point. The Social Gravity system makes social bonds tangible in a virtual world which is geographically grounded, using haptic feedback to help users rendezvous. We show dynamic navigation using this physical model-based system to be efficient and robust in significant field trials, even in the presence of low-quality positioning. The use of simulators to build models of mobile geolocated systems for pre-validation purposes is discussed, and results compared with those from our trials. Our results show interesting behaviours in the social coordination task, which lead to guidelines for geosocial interaction design. The Social Gravity system proved to be very successful in allowing groups to rendezvous efficiently and simply and can be implemented using only commercially available hardware.
Short Circuit Detection Methods for Silicon Carbide (SiC) Power Semiconductors (2019)

The use of Silicon Carbide (SiC) power semiconductors presents an attractive solution for increasing the efficiency and the power density of power converters. However, the capability to withstand a short circuit represents a challenge, because of higher current density and smaller chip size compared to Si-based power semiconductors with similar rating. Therefore, the time to detect and interrupt a short circuit is shorter and requires a fast detection and switch off of a short circuit current. In this work, short circuits detection methods for SiC MOSFETs are compared and a desaturation detection is developed and validated experimentally on a specially built SiC MOSFET module.
[Poster] Interactive deformation of real objects (2014)

This paper presents a method for interactive deformation of a real object. Our method uses a predefined 3D model of a target object for tracking and deformation. A camera pose relative to the target object is estimated using 3D model-based tracking. Object region in camera image is obtained by projecting the 3D model onto image plane with the estimated camera pose, and a texture map is extracted from the object region and mapped to the 3D model. Then a texture-mapped model is rendered based on a mesh deformed by user via Laplacian operation. Experimental results demonstrate that our method provides user interactions with 3D real objects on real scenes, not augmented virtual contents.
Measuring effects of private and shared displays in small-group knowledge sharing processes (2010)

Knowledge sharing is important in every team or organization. Various tools are frequently used in meetings to support knowledge sharing, ranging from pen-and-paper to whiteboards and other shared workspaces. This paper reports on a user study that investigated how private and shared displays affect knowledge sharing processes in co-located meetings. Three setups were compared in a hidden-profile experiment: a distributed system providing a shared display and laptops (Note&Share), a regular whiteboard and pen-and-paper. The results show several advantages of the distributed system. For example, the group was more confident in the solution when using Note&Share. Furthermore the number of shared arguments was significantly closer to the correct number, which suggests that misunderstandings occurred less frequently. Finally some interesting effects were observed, which we claim to be connected to the availability of pen-and-paper in all conditions. Therefore, we discuss the observed effects as well as general lessons learned from this experiment.