gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
What's new in MWD and formation evaluation (1994)

Many developments have occurred in reservoir characterization, especially in data acquisition while drilling. Some of the latest advances include: (1) powerful, yet efficient and cost effective wireline surface units; (2) an experimental through-casing wireline resistivity log; (3) a proposed wireline multi-electrode resistivity tool for use in conductive muds; (4) increased resistivity log modeling and deconvolution use; (5) wireline acoustic logs to measure shear wave velocity in acoustically slow rock; (6) wireline density, neutron and gamma ray logs to determine porosity and lithology; (7) borehole imaging logs; (8) wireline pulsed neutron capture log inelastic measurements; (9) characterization of wireline elemental analysis logs to determine fluid saturations and rock properties; (10) characterization of wireline nuclear magnetism logs; (11) characterization of wireline nuclear magnetism logs; (12) an experimental paleomagnetic logging tool; (13) an MWD acoustic (sonic) log; (14) MWD density-neutron logs; (15) MWD multi-depth of investigation resistivity measurements; (16) geosteering to reach and stay in geological drilling targets; (17) mud log gas detection; (18) an automatic drill cuttings collection system; (19) slimhole coring and logging of exploration prospects; (19) a sophisticated modular wireline test tool; (20) characterization of mud filtrate invasion and dissipation; (21) mini-permeameters and microporopermeameters; and (22) comprehensive, formation-specific rock propertymore » analog catalogs. This paper reviews the highlights of this new technology. 55 refs., 7 figs.« less
Molecular Precursors for the Phase‐Change Material Germanium‐Antimony‐Telluride, Ge<sub>2</sub>Sb<sub>2</sub>Te<sub>5</sub> (GST) (2017)

This review provides an overview of the precursor chemistry that has been developed around the phase‐change material germanium‐antimony‐telluride, Ge 2 Sb 2 Te 5 (GST). Thin films of GST can be deposited by employing either chemical vapor deposition (CVD) or atomic layer deposition (ALD) techniques. In both cases, the success of the layer deposition crucially depends on the proper choice of suitable molecular precursors. Previously reported processes mainly relied on simple alkoxides, alkyls, amides and halides of germanium, antimony, and tellurium. More sophisticated precursor design provided a number of promising new aziridinides and guanidinates.
Coulomb Thrusting Application Study (2006)

Abstract : This report discusses the results of an 8-month inter-disciplinary research project between Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University and Aerophysics Inc. The research task objectives are to study how Coulomb propulsion can be used to create reconfigurable distributed spacecraft formation concepts. Both formation maintenance and deployment charge and voltage levels are of interest, as well as the required reconfiguration times to change the formation size. A further task is to study the space plasma environment at low to high Earth orbit altitudes. Associated to this task is the study of the expected differential disturbance levels that Coulomb spacecraft will experience at a range of orbit altitudes. Using the results of the plasma environment study, expected spacecraft voltages are to be computed to compensate for conservative orbital perturbation estimates. Another objective is to study mechanisms to both measure the local plasma charge level, and control the spacecraft charge relative to this plasma charge level. The final task is to perform a comparison study of the Coulomb propulsion concept to other high-efficiency propulsion concepts.
Rcan1 negatively regulates FcɛRI-mediated signaling and mast cell function (2009)

Aggregation of the high affinity IgE receptor (Fc epsilonRI) activates a cascade of signaling events leading to mast cell activation. Subsequently, inhibitory signals are engaged for turning off activating signals. We identified that regulator of calcineurin (Rcan) 1 serves as a negative regulator for turning off Fc epsilonRI-mediated mast cell activation. Fc epsilonRI-induced Rcan1 expression was identified by suppression subtractive hybridization and verified by real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction and Western blotting. Deficiency of Rcan1 led to increased calcineurin activity, increased nuclear factor of activated T cells and nuclear factor kappaB activation, increased cytokine production, and enhanced immunoglobulin E-mediated late-phase cutaneous reactions. Forced expression of Rcan1 in wild-type or Rcan1-deficient mast cells reduced Fc epsilonRI-mediated cytokine production. Rcan1 deficiency also led to increased Fc epsilonRI-mediated mast cell degranulation and enhanced passive cutaneous anaphylaxis. Analysis of the Rcan1 promoter identified a functional Egr1 binding site. Biochemical and genetic evidence suggested that Egr1 controls Rcan1 expression. Our results identified Rcan1 as a novel inhibitory signal in Fc epsilonRI-induced mast cell activation and established a new link of Egr1 and Rcan1 in Fc epsilonRI signaling.
The effects of lactation length and feed level on subsequent reproductive performance in the sow (1984)

Previous research suggests that the feeding stratagem employed during a particular stage of the reproductive cycle may evoke an immediate response and/or a more long-term response in reproductive performance. This trial was designed to investigate the effect of feed restriction during lactation on reproductive performance when lactation periods of 10 and 35 days were employed. Eighty, second to fifth parity Large White x Landrace sows were used in the experiment. The sows were allocated on a parity and liveweight basis to one of the following four lactation treatments:- 1) 35 day lactation; fed 7 kg/day of a standard proprietary diet during lactation 2) 35 day lactation; fed 3 kg/day during lactation 3) 10 day lactation; fed 7 kg/day during lactation 4) or 10 day lactation; fed 3 kg/day during lactation. All sows were then fed 3 kg/day during the weaning to remating interval and 2.2 kg/day throughout gestation. Creep feed was offered ad libitum to the litters of sows on treatments 1 and 2 from 10 days post partum. Liveweight and backfat (maximum shoulder, P2 and minimum loin) measurements were taken at regular intervals throughout the experimental period. Piglet weaning weights and subsequent birth weights were recorded.
Inactivation of viruses by aziridines. (2000)

Ethyleneimine (EI) and N-acetylethyleneimine (AEI) have been shown to inactivate viruses belonging to most of the families described by the International Committee for the Taxonomy of Viruses. The mechanism by which they inactivate the viruses has not been established. In this paper, experiments with foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV) and poliovirus are described which indicate that the inactivating lesion is on the RNA.
Generating true random numbers using on-chip complementary polarizer spin-transfer torque magnetic tunnel junctions (2014)

Random numbers are useful in Monte Carlo simulations, cryptographic key generation and many other security applications. A spin dice was proposed as a 1-bit true random number generator implemented using conventional spin-transfer torque (STT) MRAM, shown in Fig. 1 (we call this cSD), and an m-bit random number may be generated by concatenating m spin dies. The operation of cSD requires three sequential steps as illustrated in Fig. 2: 1) reset the cSD to a known state; 2) stochastic programming of the cSD by current-driven STT (rolling the dice); and 3) sensing the final state of the cSD. However, several design issues limit the efficacy of cSD. Steps 1 and 2 are required to randomize the state of the cSD. The final state of cSD is sensed by passing a current through the magnetic tunnel junction (MTJ) in the cSD. Under thermal fluctuations and process variations, the current flowing through the MTJ during sensing may bias the final state of the cSD in a similar way that STT MRAM is affected by read disturbance problem. Hence, the randomness cSD is degraded because the current paths for programming and sensing are shared. Increasing the activation energy (E <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">A</sub> ) of the MTJ increases the current required to flip the MTJ state during sensing operations and mitigates the sensing bias in cSD. However, doing so increases the critical switching current (I <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">C</sub> ) needed to program the MTJ and hence, increase the power consumed by the cSD.
Alternate-Day Micafungin Antifungal Prophylaxis in Pediatric Patients Undergoing Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation: A Pharmacokinetic Study (2010)

Disseminated fungal infection is a major cause of morbidity and mortality in children undergoing hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT). Prophylaxis with amphotericin B can be limited by renal toxicity. Oral triazoles can be limited by poor absorption, large interindividual pharmacokinetic (PK) variability, and hepatic toxicity, leading to interruptions in therapy and breakthrough infections. Intravenous (i.v.) micafungin has potential advantages, because of its better safety profile, specifically in terms of hepatic and renal toxicity, and lack of drug-drug interactions with common medications used in the HSCT setting. We hypothesized that higher dose micafungin (3 mg/kg) every other day will provide drug exposure similar to standard dosing (1 mg/kg) given daily, and improve patient compliance in very young children in whom oral medications can be challenging, at reduced administration costs. Both animal and adult patient data support the use of this approach. Fifteen children (M/F = 11/4, aged < or =10 years; mean: 3.9 years, range: 0.6-10 years) with various hematologic, metabolic, and immune deficiency disorders undergoing HSCT received a single dose of micafungin (3 mg/kg) i.v. over 1 hour. Dose selection was based on published PK data in pediatric patients, and exploration of different dosing regimens using Monte Carlo PK/PD simulation. Blood samples were drawn around this dose and PK analysis was conducted using standard noncompartmental methods. Micafungin at 3 mg/kg dose was well tolerated in all patients. Measurable plasma concentrations were present in all cases at 48 hours. Half-life and clearance observed were comparable to previous pediatric PK data, with clearance being higher than adults as expected. Volume of distribution was higher in our patients compared to published pediatric data, likely because of a larger proportion of very young children in our study cohort. After correction for protein binding, concentrations at the end of the dosing interval during maintenance treatment remain above the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of highly susceptible fungal pathogens. These data suggest that alternate day micafungin dosing, as described here, may provide an attractive alternative for antifungal prophylaxis in HSCT patients and merits further evaluation.
Biosynthetic studies on citreohybridones, metabolites of a hybrid strain KO 0031 derived from Penicillium citreo-viride B. IFO 6200 and 4692 (1994)

Incorporation of 13C-labelled acetate, formate and ethyl 3,5-dimethylorsellinate into citreohybridones using a hybrid strain KO 0031 derived from Penicillium citreo-viride B. IFO 6200 and 4692 has established that their biosynthesis proceeds via a mixed polyketide-terpenoid (meroterpenoid) pathway.
A specific peptide produced during adult diapause of the leaf beetle, Gastrophysa atrocyanea Motschulsky (Coleoptera : Chrysomelidae) (1998)

In the adult stage of the leaf beetle, Gastrophysa atrocyanea, a diapause-specific peptide appeared at diapause initiation and disappeared after overwintering. Continuous JHA applications induced the diapause breakdown which caused the peptide to decline. To isolate the peptide, we used disk preparative SDS-PAGE, gel filtration HPLC and RP-HPLC. The apparent molecular mass of the peptide was 7.9 kDa with SDS-PAGE and 4466.3 Da by mass spectrometry. The first 36 the N-terminal amino acid sequence of the peptide showed : AVRIGPXDQVXPRIVPERHEXXRAHGRSGYAYXSGG. Antiserum prepared for the peptide was used for western blotting and immunohistochemistry. The results suggested that it is synthesized in the fat body and released into the hemolymph.
A De Novo Designed Metalloenzyme for the Hydration of CO<sub>2</sub> (2014)

Protein design will ultimately allow for the creation of artificial enzymes with novel functions and unprecedented stability. To test our current mastery of nature's approach to catalysis, a Zn(II) metalloenzyme was prepared using de novo design. α3DH3 folds into a stable single-stranded three-helix bundle and binds Zn(II) with high affinity using His3 O coordination. The resulting metalloenzyme catalyzes the hydration of CO2 better than any small molecule model of carbonic anhydrase and with an efficiency within 1400-fold of the fastest carbonic anhydrase isoform, CAII, and 11-fold of CAIII.
A comprehensive approach to the design of digit-serial modified booth multipliers (2002)

Presents a novel approach to the design and gate-level implementation of digit-serial modified Booth multipliers. The proposed approach is based on the decomposition of the multiplicand and the multiplier each into a unique set of D radix-2/sup D/ components, where D represents the digit-size being used. This permits the desired final product to be formed in terms of the decomposed components of the multiplicand and the multiplier. Empirical results are presented to show the efficiency of the resulting implementations using Actel 1.2 /spl mu/ FPGA technology, where the efficiency is quantified by the throughput per unit area. It is shown that the maximum efficiency is achieved by using digit-serial multipliers operating between the full bit-serial and the full bit-parallel mode.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Planning and control of an internal point of a deformable object (2010)

Manipulative operation of a target point inside a deformable object by a robotic system is necessary in many medical and industrial applications. However, this is a challenging problem because of the difficulty of imposing the motion of the target point by a finite number actuation points located at the boundary of the deformable object. In this paper, an approach towards positioning operation of an internal target point of a deformable object to the desired location by a system of three actuators is presented. First, we design an optimization technique that minimizes the total force applied to the object to determine the location of actuation points to effect the desired motion. Then a position-based PI controller is developed to control the motion of the actuators. A passivity observer and a passivity controller are developed to guarantee the stability of the whole system. The simulation results demonstrate the efficacy of the proposed method.
Bonding BisGMA to Dentin—a Proof of Concept for Hydrophobic Dentin Bonding (2007)

The use of TEGDMA as a diluent comonomer in the formulation of hydrophobic adhesives for ethanol wet-bonding is a concern, due to its leaching potential, higher water sorption, and bio-incompatibility. This study tested the hypothesis that hydrophobic bonding to acid-etched dentin may be accomplished with the use of ethanol-solvated BisGMA only. Phosphoric-acid-etched, oxalate-occluded, deep coronal dentin bonded under 20 cm water pressure with experimental BisGMA adhesives by ethanol wet-bonding exhibited tensile strengths that were not significantly different from that achieved with OptiBond FL bonded according to the manufacturer-recommended protocol, with similar acid-/base-resistant hybrid layers, resin tags, and nanoleakage distribution. Ethanol replacement of water-saturated dentin produced wider interfibrillar spaces, more extensive shrinkage of the collagen fibrils, and narrower hybrid layers. Experimental BisGMA adhesives provide the proof of concept that relatively hydrophobic resins may be coupled to acid-etched dentin by increasing its hydrophobic characteristics via ethanol replacement. They should be further optimized before clinical application.
The Ability of Respiratory Commensal Bacteria to Beneficially Modulate the Lung Innate Immune Response Is a Strain Dependent Characteristic (2020)

We investigated whether the ability of commensal respiratory bacteria to modulate the innate immune response against bacterial and viral pathogens was a shared or strain-specific characteristic. Bacterial strains belonging to the <i>Corynebacterium pseudodiphtheriticum</i> and <i>Dolosigranulum pigrum</i> species were compared by studying their influence in the Toll-like receptor (TLR)-2- and TLR3-triggered immune responses in the respiratory tract, as well as in the resistance to Respiratory Syncytial Virus (RSV) and <i>Streptococcus pneumoniae</i> infections. We demonstrated that nasally administered <i>C. pseudodiphteriticum</i> 090104 or <i>D. pigrum</i> 040417 were able to modulate respiratory immunity and increase the resistance against pathogens, while other strains of the same species did not influence the respiratory immune responses, demonstrating a clear strain-dependent immunomodulatory effect of respiratory commensal bacteria. We also reported here that bacterium-like particles (BLP) and cell walls derived from immunomodulatory respiratory commensal bacteria are an interesting alternative for the modulation of the respiratory immune system. Our study is a step forward in the positioning of certain strains of respiratory commensal bacteria as next-generation probiotics for the respiratory tract.
Towards the Customers' Intention to Use QR Codes in Mobile Payments (2021)

This research studies the motivation of customers to choose the QR code as a payment tool by developing an integrated model based on UTAUT 424 valid responses were collected from diversified socio-economic backgrounds to validate the proposed framework. Compared with the original UTAUT model, the new one integrates ‘perceived security’, ‘perceived benefits’ and excludes ‘social influence’ to provide more comprehensive and consistent guidance. PLS-SEM technique was performed as in the data analysis process using SmartPLS. Our study concluded that seven of nine hypotheses are supported by the use of PLS-SEM technique. Customers' intention (R2=0.87) to use QR code as the payment tool is jointly contributed by their attitude, perceived usefulness, and subjective norms toward using QR code as the payment method. The formation of customers' attitudes (R2=0.79) towards using QR code is affected by their perceived usefulness, perceived benefits, and subjective norms. Discussion and strategies for the third parties of QR payment providers and future research directions are also presented.
Increased Glucocorticoid Receptor Expression in Human Skeletal Muscle Cells May Contribute to the Pathogenesis of the Metabolic Syndrome (2002)

Altered glucocorticoid hormone action may contribute to the etiology of the metabolic syndrome, but the molecular mechanisms are poorly defined. Tissue sensitivity to glucocorticoid is regulated by expression of the glucocorticoid receptor (GR)-alpha and 11beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type I (11beta-HSD1)-mediated intracellular synthesis of active cortisol from inactive cortisone. We have analyzed GRalpha and 11beta-HSD1 expression in skeletal myoblasts from men (n = 14) with contrasting levels of insulin sensitivity (euglycemic clamp measurements of insulin-dependent glucose disposal rate), blood pressure, and adiposity. Positive associations were evident between myoblast expression of GRalpha under basal conditions and levels of insulin resistance (r(2) = 0.34, P < 0.05), BMI (r(2) = 0.49, P < 0.01), percent body fat (r(2) = 0.34, P < 0.02), and blood pressure (r(2) = 0.86, P < 0.001). Similar associations were evident when myoblasts were incubated with physiological levels of cortisol (P < 0.01 for all). Importantly, GRalpha expression was unaffected by variations in in vivo concentrations of insulin, IGF-1, or glucose concentrations. In common with the GR, 11beta-HSD1 expression in myoblasts incubated with physiological concentrations of cortisol in vitro was positively associated with levels of insulin resistance (r(2) = 0.68, P < 0.001), BMI (r(2) = 0.63, P < 0.005), and blood pressure (r(2) = 0.27, P < 0.05). Regulation of GRalpha and 11beta-HSD1 by cortisol was abolished by the GR antagonist RU38486. In summary, our data suggest that raised skeletal muscle cell expression of GRalpha and 11beta -HSD1-mediated regulation of intracellular cortisol may play a fundamental role in mechanisms contributing to the pathogenesis of the metabolic syndrome.
Permeability tensor of three‐dimensional fractured porous rock and a comparison to trace map predictions (2014)

Abstract The reduction from three‐ to two‐dimensional analysis of the permeability of a fractured rock mass introduces errors in both the magnitude and direction of principal permeabilities. This error is numerically quantified for porous rock by comparing the equivalent permeability of three‐dimensional fracture networks with the values computed on arbitrarily extracted planar trace maps. A method to compute the full permeability tensor of three‐dimensional discrete fracture and matrix models is described. The method is based on the element‐wise averaging of pressure and flux, obtained from a finite element solution to the Laplace problem, and is validated against analytical expressions for periodic anisotropic porous media. For isotropic networks of power law size‐distributed fractures with length‐correlated aperture, two‐dimensional cut planes are shown to underestimate the magnitude of permeability by up to 3 orders of magnitude near the percolation threshold, approaching an average factor of deviation of 3 with increasing fracture density. At low‐fracture densities, percolation may occur in three dimensions but not in any of the two‐dimensional cut planes. Anisotropy of the equivalent permeability tensor varies accordingly and is more pronounced in two‐dimensional extractions. These results confirm that two‐dimensional analysis cannot be directly used as an approximation of three‐dimensional equivalent permeability. However, an alternative expression of the excluded area relates trace map fracture density to an equivalent three‐dimensional fracture density, yielding comparable minimum and maximum permeability. This formulation can be used to approximate three‐dimensional flow properties in cases where only two‐dimensional analysis is available.
Diclofenac-Associated Hepatitis (1999)

This patient, who had a history of osteoarthritis, had severe hepatitis 5 weeks after being started on diclofenac for increasing pain in the joints. A week before the onset of hepatitis, the patient complained of upper gastrointestinal symptoms and was treated for gastritis. Seven days later, she had full-blown, severe hepatitis. Diclofenac was immediately stopped, leading to a complete restoration of liver functions over the course of the next few months. We highlight the importance of having a high index of suspicion for hepatic side effects of diclofenac and emphasize the need for increased awareness of this rare but potentially serious problem. We also review relevant literature regarding incidence and management.
Immunity to Burkholderia pseudomallei (2009)

Severe melioidosis can probably be seen as the clinical manifestation of a pathogen recognition receptor mediated dysregulation of the immune response to invading B. pseudomallei. B. pseudomallei employs numerous tactics to evade the immune response. Studies on host-pathogen interactions in melioidosis have identified a whole range of potential new treatment targets.