gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Real-time hyperlapse creation via optimal frame selection (2015)

Long videos can be played much faster than real-time by recording only one frame per second or by dropping all but one frame each second, i.e., by creating a timelapse. Unstable hand-held moving videos can be stabilized with a number of recently described methods. Unfortunately, creating a stabilized timelapse, or hyperlapse , cannot be achieved through a simple combination of these two methods. Two hyperlapse methods have been previously demonstrated: one with high computational complexity and one requiring special sensors. We present an algorithm for creating hyperlapse videos that can handle significant high-frequency camera motion and runs in real-time on HD video. Our approach does not require sensor data, thus can be run on videos captured on any camera. We optimally select frames from the input video that best match a desired target speed-up while also resulting in the smoothest possible camera motion. We evaluate our approach using several input videos from a range of cameras and compare these results to existing methods.
Gas Atmospheres Improve Silicon-Ribbon Quality (1985)

Growing crystal surrounded by gas containing carbon or oxygen. Ribbon of solid silicon, edgewise, grows from pool of molten silicon in die. Gases flowing through orifice ensure longer diffusion length and less contaminiation by carbide particles in product.
Inhibition of the Bacterial Heme Oxygenases from <i>Pseudomonas aeruginosa</i> and <i>Neisseria </i><i>meningitidis</i>:  Novel Antimicrobial Targets (2007)

The final step in heme utilization and iron acquisition in many pathogens is the oxidative cleavage of heme by heme oxygenase (HO), yielding iron, biliverdin, and carbon monoxide. Thus, the essential requirement for iron suggests that HO may provide a potential therapeutic target for antimicrobial drug development. Computer-aided drug design (CADD) combined with experimental assays identified small-molecule inhibitors of the Neisseria meningitidis HO (nm-HO). CADD virtual screening applied to 800 000 compounds identified 153 for biological assay. Several of the compounds were shown to have KD values in the micromolar range for nm-HO and the Pseudomonas aeruginosa HO (pa-HO). The compounds also inhibited the growth of P. aeruginosa as well as biliverdin formation in E. coli cells overexpressing nm-HO. Thus, CADD combined with experimental analysis has been used to identify novel inhibitors of the bacterial heme oxygenases that can cross the cell membrane and specifically inhibit HO activity.
Combined Thrombolytic Effects of Tissue-Plasminogen Activator and a Fibrinogen-Degradation Product Peptide 6A or Iloprost (1991)

Thrombolytic effects of tissue-type plasminogen activator (t-PA) are limited by in vivo platelet activation and dynamic coronary vasoconstriction. To examine if the concurrent administration of a fibrin(ogen)-degradation product, pentapeptide 6A (Ala-Arg-Pro-Ala-Lys) with t-PA would improve the thrombolytic effects of t-PA, dogs with electrically induced coronary thrombus were given t-PA alone or with peptide 6A. In dogs given t-PA alone (0.75 mg/kg over 20 min), coronary blood flow was restored in 69% of animals (9 of 13 dogs), with a mean time to reflow of 21 +/- 10 min and duration of reflow of 35 +/- 18 min. Reocclusion occurred in 77% of dogs (7 of 9 dogs). With concurrent administration of peptide 6A (200 mumol), coronary venous 6-keto-PGF1 alpha concentrations increased from 221 +/- 71 to 422 +/- 161 pg/ml (p less than 0.05), but not with t-PA given alone. Coronary blood flow was restored in 7 of 11 dogs (reperfusion rate 64%), with mean time to reflow of 17 +/- 7 min and duration of reflow of 35 +/- 15 min. The coronary reocclusion rate was 86%. All these indices of thrombolysis were similar to those in dogs given t-PA alone. In ex vivo experiments, we also demonstrated release of endothelium-derived relaxing factor from canine coronary artery rings in response to peptide 6A. To further examine the role of prostacyclin (PGI2) in thrombolytic response to t-PA, eight other dogs were given t-PA with a PGI2 analog iloprost (100 ng/kg/min for 40 min).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Calcitonin Gene-Related Peptide Rapidly Downregulates Nicotinic Receptor Function and Slowly Raises Intracellular Ca<sup>2+</sup>in Rat Chromaffin Cells<i>In Vitro</i> (1999)

Although calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) modulates muscle-type nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs) via intracellular second messenger-mediated phosphorylation, the action of this peptide on neuronal-type nAChRs remains unknown. Using neuronal nAChRs of rat chromaffin cells in vitro we studied the effect of CGRP, which is physiologically present in adrenal medulla, on membrane currents and [Ca2+]i transients elicited by nicotine. Our main novel observation was that CGRP (either bath-applied or focally applied for a few seconds or even co-applied with nicotine for a few milliseconds) selectively and rapidly blocked nAChRs (a phenomenon unlikely caused by intracellular messengers in view of its speed) without affecting GABA receptors. The inhibitory effect of CGRP was independent of [Ca2+]i or membrane potential and not accompanied by baseline current changes. Like the competitive antagonist N,N,N-trimethyl-1-(4-trans-stilbenoxy)-2-propilammonium, CGRP induced a rightward, parallel shift of the nicotine dose-response curve; during co-application of these blockers the nicotine dose-ratio value was the sum of the values obtained with each antagonist alone. The block by CGRP was insensitive to the receptor antagonist hCGRP8-37 but mimicked by CGRP1-7. Persistent application of CGRP slowly increased [Ca2+]i, a phenomenon independent from external Ca2+, thus implying Ca2+ release from internal stores, and suppressed by hCGRP8-37. CGRP1-7 had no significant effect on [Ca2+]i. We propose that the 1-7 amino acid sequence of CGRP was responsible for the direct, rapid block of nAChRs, whereas the full-length peptide molecule was necessary for the delayed rise in internal Ca2+ potentially able to trigger phosphorylation-dependent modulation of nicotinic receptor function.
Antifungal and sprout regulatory bioactivities of phenylacetic acid, indole-3-acetic acid, and tyrosol isolated from the potato dry rot suppressive bacterium Enterobacter cloacae S11:T:07 (2004)

Enterobacter cloacae S11: T:07 (NRRL B-21050) is a promising biological control agent that has significantly reduced both fungal dry rot disease and sprouting in laboratory and pilot potato storages. The metabolites phenylacetic acid (PAA), indole-3-acetic acid (IAA), and tyrosol (TSL) were isolated from S11:T:07 liquid cultures provided with three different growth media. The bioactivities of these metabolites were investigated via thin-layer chromatography bioautography of antifungal activity, wounded potato assays of dry rot suppressiveness, and cored potato eye assays of sprout inhibition. Relative accumulations of PAA, IAA, and TSL in cultures were nutrient dependent. For the first time, IAA, TSL, and PAA were shown to have antifungal activity against the dry rot causative pathogen Gibberella pulicaris, and to suppress dry rot infection of wounded potatoes. Disease suppression was optimal when all three metabolites were applied in combination. Dosages of IAA that resulted in disease suppression also resulted in sprout inhibition. These results suggest the potential for designing culture production and formulation conditions to achieve a dual purpose biological control agent able to suppress both dry rot and sprouting of stored potatoes.
High‐throughput dilution engine for sample preparation on digital microfluidic biochips (2013)

The new generation of digital microfluidic biochips is capable of implementing complex biochemical laboratory assays (bioprotocols) on a tiny device for automatic and reliable analysis of fluid samples. Dilution of a sample fluid is one of the basic steps required in almost all bioprotocols. The authors design a dilution engine for sample preparation that can produce a stream of target droplets with a desired concentration factor by reusing the waste droplets. Also, a scheduling scheme is presented for mapping the dilution steps into the dilution engine. Next, an architecture is proposed to implement the dilution engine using only one (1:1) mix‐split microfluidic module (mixer). The authors consider two schemes: (i) the base approach, where no on‐chip storage unit (additional electrode) is available, and (ii) when a constant number of storage units is provided. Simulation results show that the second scheme saves the expensive reactants most efficiently, produces a stream of target droplets very fast and is highly suitable for supplying the required number of droplets as needed.
Method for Estimating Molecular Mass from Electrospray Spectra (1994)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTMethod for Estimating Molecular Mass from Electrospray SpectraJeffrey J. Hagen and Curtis A. MonnigCite this: Anal. Chem. 1994, 66, 11, 1877–1883Publication Date (Print):June 1, 1994Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 June 1994https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ac00083a017https://doi.org/10.1021/ac00083a017research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views306Altmetric-Citations41LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
The Experimental and Theoretical Evaluation of an Indirect Cooling System for Machining (2010)

Cutting fluids have been used in machining processes for many years to decrease the temperature during machining by spraying the coolant into the machining zone directly on the cutting tool and the part. This has the effect of decreasing the tool temperature, which increases tool life and improves the part quality. These benefits come with significant drawbacks. Cutting fluids are environmentally unfriendly, costly, and potentially toxic. An alternative that has been evaluated in this paper is an internal cooling system (ICS) for lathe turning, which cools the cutting tool using a very small amount of an inert, cryogenic working fluid routed through a microchannel heat exchanger (MHX) that is mounted beneath the cutting tool insert. The working fluid absorbs the heat generated during the machining process after which it is harmlessly vented to the environment. This indirect cooling technique results in an environmentally friendly machining process that uses no cutting fluids, enables increased processing speed, and reduces manufacturing costs. An approximate heat transfer model was developed and used to predict the tool life as a function of the tool cooling approach for various speeds. Machining experiments were completed to validate the heat transfer model and confirm that the ICS can significantly improve tool life relative to conventional flood cooling. The validated model was then used to evaluate alternative cooling approaches using the ICS. It was found that the use of a cryogenic working fluid can significantly improve tool life at all cutting speeds but that the latent heat capacity of the working fluid should exceed the expected maximum heat transfer rate into the tool. This work established that the ICS approach is an effective means to increase tool life without the disadvantages associated with external cryogenic cooling methods.
Synthetic mimics of mammalian cell surface receptors: prosthetic molecules that augment living cells (2005)

Specific receptors on the surface of mammalian cells actively internalize cell-impermeable ligands by receptor-mediated endocytosis. To mimic these internalizing receptors, my laboratory is studying artificial cell surface receptors that comprise N-alkyl derivatives of 3beta-cholesterylamine linked to motifs that bind cell-impermeable ligands. When added to living mammalian cells, these synthetic receptors insert into cellular plasma membranes, project ligand-binding small molecules or peptides from the cell surface, and enable living cells to internalize targeted proteins and other cell-impermeable compounds. These artificial receptors mimic their natural counterparts by rapidly cycling between plasma membranes and intracellular endosomes, associating with proposed cholesterol and sphingolipid-rich lipid raft membrane microdomains, and delivering ligands to late endosomes/lysosomes. This "synthetic receptor targeting" strategy is briefly reviewed here and contrasted with other related cellular delivery systems. Potential applications of artificial cell surface receptors as molecular probes, agents for cellular targeting, tools for drug delivery, and methods for ligand depletion are discussed. The construction of synthetic receptors as prosthetic molecules, designed to seamlessly augment the molecular machinery of living cells, represents an exciting new frontier in the fields of bioorganic chemistry and chemical biology.
CXCL12 (SDF1α)-CXCR4/CXCR7 Pathway Inhibition: An Emerging Sensitizer for Anticancer Therapies? (2011)

Addition of multiple molecularly targeted agents to the existing armamentarium of chemotherapeutics and radiotherapies represents a significant advance in the management of several advanced cancers. In certain tumor types with no efficacious therapy options, these agents have become the first line of therapy, for example, sorafenib in advanced hepatocellular carcinoma or bevacizumab in recurrent glioblastoma. Unfortunately, in many cases, the survival benefits are modest, lasting only weeks to a few months. Moreover, they may not show benefit in patients with localized disease (i.e., in the adjuvant setting). Recent studies have provided increasing evidence that activation of the chemokine CXCL12 (SDF1α) pathway is a potential mechanism of tumor resistance to both conventional therapies and biological agents via multiple complementary actions: (i) by directly promoting cancer cell survival, invasion, and the cancer stem and/or tumor-initiating cell phenotype; (ii) by recruiting "distal stroma" (i.e., myeloid bone marrow-derived cells) to indirectly facilitate tumor recurrence and metastasis; and (iii) by promoting angiogenesis directly or in a paracrine manner. Here, we discuss recent preclinical and clinical data that support the potential use of anti-CXCL12 agents (e.g., AMD3100, NOX-A12, or CCX2066) as sensitizers to currently available therapies by targeting the CXCL12/CXCR4 and CXCL12/CXCR7 pathways.
Improved pulse transit time estimation by system identification analysis of proximal and distal arterial waveforms (2011)

We investigated the system identification approach for potentially improved estimation of pulse transit time (PTT), a popular arterial stiffness marker. In this approach, proximal and distal arterial waveforms are measured and respectively regarded as the input and output of a system. Next, the system impulse response is identified from all samples of the measured input and output. Finally, the time delay of the impulse response is detected as the PTT estimate. Unlike conventional foot-to-foot detection techniques, this approach is designed to provide an artifact robust estimate of the true PTT in the absence of wave reflection. The approach is also applicable to arbitrary types of arterial waveforms. We specifically applied a parametric system identification technique to noninvasive impedance cardiography (ICG) and peripheral arterial blood pressure waveforms from 15 humans subjected to lower-body negative pressure. We assessed the technique through the correlation coefficient (r) between its 1/PTT estimates and measured diastolic pressure (DP) per subject and the root mean squared error (RMSE) of the DP predicted from these estimates and measured DP. The technique achieved average r and RMSE values of 0.81 ± 0.16 and 4.3 ± 1.3 mmHg. For comparison, the corresponding values were 0.59 ± 0.37 (P < 0.05) and 5.9 ± 2.5 (P < 0.01) mmHg for the conventional technique applied to the same waveforms and 0.28 ± 0.40 (P < 0.001) and 7.2 ± 1.8 (P < 0.001) mmHg for the conventional technique with the ECG waveform substituted for the ICG waveform. These results demonstrate, perhaps for the first time, that the system identification approach can indeed improve PTT estimation.
Vertical p–i–n Polysilicon Diode With Antifuse for Stackable Field-Programmable ROM (2004)

A field-programmable, stackable memory cell using 0.15-μm technology is demonstrated. Vertical polycrystalline silicon diodes are stacked on top of one another, with tungsten (with TiN adhesion film) interconnect wires. An SiO <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> antifuse film separates the top of each diode from the TiN-W films. The cell is programmed when sufficient biasing voltage is applied to break down the antifuse, connecting the diode to tungsten. The cell is unprogrammed when the antifuse is intact. Cell fabrication and performance are described.
Online and Offline Stability Analysis Methods for the Power Electronic-Based Components in Design and Operational Stages (2015)

Power electronic-based components (PECs) are at the heart of the enabling technologies for the smart-grids. They improve the controllability of the power system and provide excellent features such as load regulation, high power factor, and transient performance. However, they can behave as negative impedance due to their capability to operate as constant power loads, and jeopardize the stability of the power systems. Therefore, stability analysis of the power electronic-based distribution systems is crucial for development of the future smart-grids. This paper provides two methods to analyze stability: real-time (online) and offline. In real-time approach, the system's small-signal stability is investigated based on d - q impedance measurement and unit circle criterion and by calculating source and load impedances simultaneously and in a range of frequencies. In offline approach, the system dynamics are identified from the bode plots and then based on the eigenvalue analysis, the stability of the system under different loading conditions is analyzed. Furthermore, small-signal stability of a solid state transformer (SST) as an advanced PEC with power factor correction is investigated via the proposed methods. In addition, hardware experiment is developed though power hardware-in-the-loop experiment to assess stability of an SST in load variation and validate the real-time capability of the proposed technique.
A current steering CMOS folding amplifier (2003)

This paper presents a low power current steering CMOS folding amplifier. This folding amplifier can reduce not only the number of reference current sources, but also the power dissipation of a CMOS folding ADC. Simulation in both 5 V and 3.3 V CMOS process has demonstrated that the current steering folding amplifier can run much faster than the conventional folding amplifier at the same power consumption.
Another discontinuous epitope on glycoprotein gp120 that is important in human immunodeficiency virus type 1 neutralization is identified by a monoclonal antibody. (1991)

To define the domains in the envelope glycoprotein important for antibody neutralization of the human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1), monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) were generated by immunizing mice with purified glycoprotein gp120 of the IIIB isolate. One mAb, G3-4, reacted with the gp120 of homologous (IIIB) and heterologous (RF) isolates. In addition, mAb G3-4 efficiently neutralized both IIIB and RF viruses in vitro, as well as four of nine primary HIV-1 isolates. In competition immunoassays, mAb G3-4 and soluble CD4 were found to inhibit one another in binding to gp120. However, no competition was seen between mAb G3-4 and mAbs directed to the third variable region or the fourth conserved region of gp120. In particular, mAb G3-4 did not compete with our human mAb 15e, which identifies a discontinuous epitope on gp120 involved in group-specific neutralization of HIV-1 and in gp120-CD4 binding. Epitope-mapping studies on mAb G3-4 with synthetic or unglycosylated recombinant peptides were negative, suggesting that its epitope may be discontinuous. Indeed, this hypothesis was confirmed by showing the loss of mAb G3-4 serologic reactivity when gp120 was first denatured. We conclude that the site recognized by mAb G3-4 represents another discontinuous epitope on gp120 important for neutralization of HIV-1.
New Plasticizer and Coalescent for Graphic Arts Applications (2012)

Waterborne overprint varnish (OPV) has a significant role in the graphic arts industry. Some of the polymers used in this coatings industry segment are non-film formers at room temperature. A plasticizer and/or a coalescent is required to help form a film properly to ensure full development of performance properties with these hard polymers. Glycol ethers, phthalates esters (such as butyl benzyl phthalate) and benzoate esters have been employed as plasticizers/coalescents for OPVs as well as ink. A new dibenzoate triblend plasticizer platform has been recently introduced for use in architectural coatings as a low VOC plasticizer/ coalescent. Based on its broad range of compatibilities with polymers utilized in the coatings industry (for example, in vinyl acrylic, acrylic and styrene acrylic types), one of the triblend plasticizers, X-20, was evaluated initially in polymer dispersion/coalescent binary blends, a waterborne OPV and an ink formulation. In addition to the triblend, an entirely new monobenzoate plasticizer/coalescent will be introduced to the industry as an effective lower VOC alternative. The polymer selected for this evaluation is an industry standard hard styrene acrylic type utilized in simple starting formulations. This basic OPV evaluation includes the effect of the plasticizer/coalescent on minimum film formation temperature, adhesion to different substrates, rub resistance, alkali and water resistance, viscosity response of the polymer dispersion, gloss, and other supporting data.
Microfluidic single sperm entrapment and analysis (2015)

Selection of healthy spermatozoa is of crucial importance for the success rates of assisted reproduction technologies (ART) such as in vitro fertilization and intra-cytoplasmic sperm injection. Although sperm selection for ART procedures is predominantly based on sperm motility, successful fertilization is not predicted by good motility alone. For example, sperm characteristics such as the acrosome state and DNA integrity have shown significant impact on ART outcome. Although fertilization can be achieved with a single spermatozoon of high quality, current quality assessments are population-based and do not allow investigation of multiple sperm characteristics on a single spermatozoon simultaneously. In order to study sperm cells on the single cell level, we designed and characterized a PDMS microfluidic platform that allows single sperm entrapment. After spatially confining individual sperm cells within microfluidic cell traps, the cell viability, chromosomal content and acrosome state were studied. This platform is suitable for the analysis of individual sperm cells, which could be exploited for (non-invasive) sperm analysis and selection by impedance or Raman spectroscopy.