gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Author Response: Deep Brain Stimulation in Early-Stage Parkinson Disease: Five-Year Outcomes (2021)

We appreciate the interest in our research of deep brain stimulation in early-stage Parkinson disease (PD).1 Bradykinesia and tremor are both troubling cardinal motor features of Parkinson disease. There was no significant difference in bradykinesia between the groups throughout the trial. On the other hand, rest tremor was markedly and significantly reduced for subjects receiving early deep brain stimulation, which is notable because tremor is often very distressing for patients with early-stage PD.2 Gun-Marie et al. found that “The common view in the medical community that tremor is a less problematic symptom does not fit with our patients' depiction of the impact of tremor….”3 That said, we do not advocate for a change in clinical practice based on Class II evidence from a single study. Most importantly, there are currently no therapies proven to slow the progression of any feature of PD, and as researchers, we are compelled to continue this line of investigation. The results of this study are encouraging, and we look forward to leading the FDA-approved [IDEG050016] phase III, multicenter, clinical trial of bilateral subthalamic nucleus deep brain stimulation implanted during very early-stage Parkinson disease.
Concise Synthesis of<i>v</i>-Coelenterazines (2015)

A novel synthetic method for v-coelenterazine (v-CTZ), which is a vinylene-bridged analog of native CTZ with a large red-shifted luminescence property, is described. The synthesis was achieved in a concise way through the use of three sequential cross-coupling reactions and ring-closing metathesis (RCM). A newly synthesized C2-modified trifluoromethyl analog cf3-v-CTZ showed slightly more red-shifted luminescence than v-CTZ when it was used as a substrate for Renilla luciferases.
New ultrasound system for bone assessment (2004)

This paper reports on a new ultrasound device for noninvasive assessment of bone. The device, known as the <i>QRT 2000 </i>-for <i>Q</i>uantitative <i>R</i>eal-<i>T</i>ime-is entirely self-contained, portable, and handheld. The <i>QRT 2000 </i>is powered by 4 “AA” rechargeable batteries and permits near real-time evaluation of a novel set of ultrasound parameters and their on-line display to the user. The parameters have been studied both <i>in vitro </i>and clinically with a laboratory unit that measured the calcaneus in through transmission and computed the ultrasound features off-line. The data related the ultrasound parameters to the bone mineral density (BMD) of the calcaneus, spine and hip, as determined by x-ray absorptiometry, and demonstrated that the parameters were superior to the standard ones known as BUA and SOS (broadband ultrasound attenuation and speed-of-sound, respectively). The <i>QRT 2000 </i>was then constructed to compute the same parameters; however as noted about it does this in near real-time and provides visual feedback to the user while the measurements are being made. The compactness and portability of the unit make it also ideal for spaceflight applications. Finally, the <i>QRT 2000 </i>was designed to be manufactured at relatively low cost, and therefore should enable the significant expansion of quantitative ultrasound measurements to, for example, primary care physicians in this country and abroad, and including for use in the developing world.
GTP cyclohydrolase II and 3,4-dihydroxy-2-butanone 4-phosphate synthase are rate-limiting enzymes in riboflavin synthesis of an industrial Bacillus subtilis strain used for riboflavin production (1999)

One of the proteins encoded by the riboflavin operon of Bacillus subtilis, RibA, was identified as the rate limiting enzyme in an industrial riboflavin producing strain. An additional single copy of the ribA gene was introduced into the sacB locus of the riboflavin production strain and was expressed constitutively from the medium strength vegI promoter. This led to improved riboflavin titers and yields of riboflavin on glucose of up to 25%. Both enzymatic activities of RibA, the 3,4-dihydroxy-2-butanone 4-phosphate synthase activity located in the N-terminal half of the protein and the GTP cyclohydrolase II activity of the C-terminal domain, are necessary for the improved riboflavin productivity.
Well test analysis of commingled zones without crossflow (1984)

This paper presents a new testing technique for layered reservoirs without crossflow in order to estimate individual layer permeabilities and skin factors. The new testing technique consists of two sequential drawdown tests. During these tests the wellbore pressure and the sandface flow must be measured simultaneously. It is shown that the permeability and skin factor for each layer can be estimated uniquely using measured wellbore pressure and sandface flow rate from these two drawdown tests. It is also shown that these individual layer parameters cannot be estimated from the conventional drawdown or buildup tests wellbore pressure data. The nonlinear estimation theory is used in order to check the uniqueness of the estimated parameters. A general criterion is presented for quantitative analysis of the uniqueness problem.
Resolution of Chlamydia trachomatis Infection Is Associated with a Distinct T Cell Response Profile (2015)

Chlamydia trachomatis is the causative agent of the most frequently reported bacterial sexually transmitted infection, the total burden of which is underestimated due to the asymptomatic nature of the infection. Untreated C. trachomatis infections can cause significant morbidities, including pelvic inflammatory disease and tubal factor infertility (TFI). The human immune response against C. trachomatis, an obligate intracellular bacterium, is poorly characterized but is thought to rely on cell-mediated immunity, with CD4(+) and CD8(+) T cells implicated in protection. In this report, we present immune profiling data of subjects enrolled in a multicenter study of C. trachomatis genital infection. CD4(+) and CD8(+) T cells from subjects grouped into disease-specific cohorts were screened using a C. trachomatis proteomic library to identify the antigen specificities of recall T cell responses after natural exposure by measuring interferon gamma (IFN-γ) levels. We identified specific T cell responses associated with the resolution of infection, including unique antigens identified in subjects who spontaneously cleared infection and different antigens associated with C. trachomatis-related sequelae, such as TFI. These data suggest that novel and unique C. trachomatis T cell antigens identified in individuals with effective immune responses can be considered as targets for vaccine development, and by excluding antigens associated with deleterious sequelae, immune-mediated pathologies may be circumvented.
Microfluidic Platform for Liquid Chromatography−Tandem Mass Spectrometry Analyses of Complex Peptide Mixtures (2005)

A microfluidic chip that integrates all the fluidic components of a gradient liquid chromatography (LC) system is described. These chips were batch-fabricated on a silicon wafer using photolithographic processes and with Parylene as the main structural material. The fabricated chip includes three electrolysis-based electrochemical pumps, one for loading the sample and the other two for delivering the solvent gradient; platinum electrodes for delivering current to the pumps and establishing the electrospray potential; a low-volume static mixer; a column packed with silica-based reversed-phase support; integrated frits for bead capture; and an electrospray nozzle. The fabricated structures were able to withstand pressures in excess of 250 psi. The device was used to perform a liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) analysis of a mixture of peptides from the trypsin digestion of bovine serum albumen (BSA). Gradient elution through the 1.2-cm column was performed at a flow rate of 80 nL/min. Compared to the analysis of the same sample using a commercial nanoflow LC system, the chromatographic resolution was nearly as good, and the total cycle time was significantly reduced because of the minimal volume between the pumps and the column. Results demonstrate the potential of mass-produced, low-cost microfluidic systems capable of performing LC separations for proteomics applications.
Fault-Tolerant Quantum Computation with Static Linear Optics (2021)

The scalability of photonic implementations of fault-tolerant quantum computing based on Gottesman-Kitaev-Preskill (GKP) qubits is injured by the requirements of inline squeezing and reconfigurability of the linear optical network. In this work we propose a topologically error-corrected architecture that does away with these elements at no cost-in fact, at an advantage-to state preparation overheads. Our computer consists of three modules: a two-dimensional (2D) array of probabilistic sources of GKP states; a depthfour circuit of static beam splitters, phase shifters, and short delay lines; and a 2D array of homodyne detectors. The symmetry of our proposed circuit allows us to combine the effects of finite squeezing and uniform photon loss within the noise model, resulting in more comprehensive threshold estimates. These jumps over both architectural and analytical hurdles considerably expedite the construction of a photonic quantum computer.
A human cytomegalovirus early gene has three inducible promoters that are regulated differentially at various times after infection (1989)

The long inverted repeat and the adjacent sequences are major early transcription sites of the human cytomegalovirus genome (M. W. Wathen and M. F. Stinski, J. Virol. 41:462-477, 1982). An early transcription unit which flanks the large terminal repeat was analyzed by RNA mapping at various times after infection. Three unspliced, overlapping RNAs were transcribed from different initiation sites and terminated at the same 3' end. Individual promoters were isolated for all three transcripts. These promoters were activated in trans by viral immediate-early (IE) regulatory proteins after either infection with virus or cotransfection with IE2 alone or IE1 plus IE2 genes. DNA sequence analysis detected TATA and CAAT boxes plus multiple-dyad symmetries in the promoter-regulatory region. Deletion analyses showed that the maximum inducible promoter activity lay in a 230-base-pair region. When in the viral genome, the three promoters were regulated differentially during the course of infection. The upstream promoter was used only at late times after infection. Possible reasons for viral RNAs with multiple 5' ends at different times after infection and the recognition of the upstream promoter at only late times after infection are discussed.
Preparation of D-Arabinose in a Laboratory Fluidized Bed Electrode Cell (1995)

Results of experimental work emloying an electrochemical reactor with the fluidized bed electrode to prepare D-arabinose by direct degradative oxidation of sodium D-gluconate without chemical oxidizing agents are presented. The observed yield of D-arabinose exceeded 70% by mass related to the theoretically obtainable amount with the selectivity ranging between 96 and 98.1%. The undesirable product was mainly D-erythrose produced by consecutive reaction from D-arabinose. Typical specific electric power consumption ranged between 7.5 and 14 kWh per kg of D-arabinose.
Complete Genome Sequence of Porcine Epidemic Diarrhea Virus Strain USA/Colorado/2013 from the United States (2013)

Porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDV) is newly emerging in the United States. PEDV strain USA/Colorado/2013 (CO/13) was obtained from a 7-day-old piglet with severe diarrhea, and the complete genome was sequenced to further study the PEDV outbreak in the United States.
Acetohydroxyacid Synthase, a Novel Target for Improvement of <scp>l</scp> -Lysine Production by <i>Corynebacterium glutamicum</i> (2008)

The influence of acetohydroxy acid synthase (AHAS) on L-lysine production by Corynebacterium glutamicum was investigated. An AHAS with a deleted C-terminal domain in the regulatory subunit IlvN was engineered by truncating the ilvN gene. Compared to the wild-type AHAS, the newly constructed enzyme showed altered kinetic properties, i.e., (i) an about twofold-lower K(m) for the substrate pyruvate and an about fourfold-lower V(max); (ii) a slightly increased K(m) for the substrate alpha-ketobutyrate with an about twofold-lower V(max); and (iii) insensitivity against the inhibitors L-valine, L-isoleucine, and L-leucine (10 mM each). Introduction of the modified AHAS into the L-lysine producers C. glutamicum DM1729 and DM1933 increased L-lysine formation by 43% (30 mM versus 21 mM) and 36% (51 mM versus 37 mM), respectively, suggesting that decreased AHAS activity is linked to increased L-lysine formation. Complete inactivation of the AHAS in C. glutamicum DM1729 and DM1933 by deletion of the ilvB gene, encoding the catalytic subunit of AHAS, led to L-valine, L-isoleucine, and L-leucine auxotrophy and to further-improved L-lysine production. In batch fermentations, C. glutamicum DM1729 Delta ilvB produced about 85% more L-lysine (70 mM versus 38 mM) and showed an 85%-higher substrate-specific product yield (0.180 versus 0.098 mol C/mol C) than C. glutamicum DM1729. Comparative transcriptome analysis of C. glutamicum DM1729 and C. glutamicum DM1729 Delta ilvB indicated transcriptional differences for about 50 genes, although not for those encoding enzymes involved in the L-lysine biosynthetic pathway.
Reslizumab in patients with inadequately controlled late-onset asthma and elevated blood eosinophils (2017)

Compared with placebo, reslizumab produced larger reductions in asthma exacerbations and larger improvements in lung function in patients with late versus early-onset asthma.
Optimal distribution system restoration using PHEVs (2018)

Power outages cost billions of dollars every year and jeopardise the lives of hospital patients. Traditionally, power distribution system takes a long time to recover after a major blackout, due to its top‐down operation strategy. New technologies in modern distribution systems bring opportunities and challenges to distribution system restoration. As fast response energy resources, plug‐in hybrid electric vehicles (PHEVs) can accelerate the load pickup by compensating the imbalance between available generation and distribution system load. This study provides a bottom‐up restoration strategy to use PHEVs for reliable load pickup and faster restoration process. The optimisation problem of finding load pickup sequence to maximise restored energy is formulated as a mixed integer linear programming (MILP) problem. Moreover, the coordination between transmission and distribution restoration is developed to efficiently restore the entire system back to normal operating conditions. Simulation results on one 100‐feeder test system demonstrate the efficiency of MILP‐based restoration strategy and the benefit from PHEVs to restore more energy in given restoration time. The proposed restoration strategy has great potential to facilitate system operators to achieve efficient system restoration plans. It also provides incentives to deploy a large amount of PHEVs to improve system resiliency.
Development of a Ligand-Targeted Therapeutic Agent for Neurokinin-1 Receptor Expressing Cancers (2017)

The neurokinin-1 receptor (NK1R) plays a significant role in the progression and metastasis of several neuroendocrine tumors. Due to its upregulation in these cancers, NK1R constitutes an attractive receptor for development of ligand-targeted imaging and therapeutic agents. In this report, we present the design and synthesis of an NK1R targeting ligand conjugated to the chemotherapeutic agent, tubulysin B hydrazide (TubBH), via a self-immolative linker. We then explore the ability of this low molecular weight tubulysin conjugate to kill NK1R overexpressing cancer cells both in vitro and in vivo without killing receptor negative healthy cells. Because similar studies in mice bearing NK1-negative tumors reveal no therapeutic impact, we conclude that our NK1R targeting ligand is specific for NK1R-expressing cells. Taken together, the data suggest a possible new approach for the treatment of NK1R-positive neuroendocrine cancers.
Phosphate-Bonded Fly Ash. (1994)

A ceramic material made from raw coal fly ash or raw municipal solid waste fly ash and phosphoric acid (H3PO4) and a process for making it.
A Practical Six-Step Synthesis of (<i>S</i>)-Camptothecin (2001)

An asymmetric synthesis of (S)-camptothecin (1) has been accomplished in six steps starting from two commercially available heterocycles. [reaction: see text]
Automated evaluation system of dermoscopic images of longitudinal melanonychia: Proposition of a discrimination index for detecting early nail apparatus melanoma (2014)

The prognosis of nail apparatus melanoma is generally poor because of difficulty in early stage diagnosis. Most nail apparatus melanomas occur as longitudinal melanonychia, and criteria and algorithms for dermoscopy diagnosis of longitudinal melanonychia have only recently been proposed. However, as with any clinical diagnosis, the diagnosis based on dermoscopy is to some extent subjective. Our goal is to develop an automated dermoscopic screening system for longitudinal melanonychia and to propose a novel objective and quantitative index for discriminating early nail apparatus melanoma from benign longitudinal melanonychia including melanocytic nevus. We propose an automatically calculated index representing degrees of color variegation in dermoscopic images of longitudinal melanonychia. Dermoscopy images of six cases of early stage nail apparatus melanoma and 25 cases of benign longitudinal melanonychia were analyzed with our screening system and a threshold of melanoma discrimination index was determined. This single melanoma discrimination index diagnosed early nail apparatus melanoma with 100% sensitivity and 92% specificity. The automatically calculated index proposed in the present study is valuable for managing longitudinal melanonychia. The results suggest that the degree of color variegation is essentially different between early nail apparatus melanoma and benign longitudinal melanonychia including melanocytic nevus of the nail apparatus.
A Non-Intrusive Method of Face Liveness DetectionÃ¢ÂÂ¦ [Redacted] (2019)

arXiv admin note: This version removed by arXiv administrators as the submitter did not have the right to agree to the license at the time of submission
An iterative heuristic algorithm for applied channel assignment (2002)

Methods for automatically assigning frequencies to base stations in cellular telephone networks have been proposed and studied for decades. Few methods have gone into wide-scale-practice due to factors such as the large size of the practical problems, inadequate problem definitions and under-constrained solutions. GTE has been automatically finding frequency assignments that are used in network-wide retunes, using the results of a radio planning tool called Graphical Radio Network Engineering Tool (GRANET). This paper describes the frequency assignment problem addressed by GRANET, along with the algorithms used to perform the frequency assignments. The paper provides benchmark results from a popular benchmark frequency assignment problem in terms of the frequency reuse number and the carrier-to-interference power ratio.
Organic electroluminescent devices with polymer buffer layer (2001)

We have developed a new type of polymers having TPD unit combined with non-conjugated spacer group, poly(arylene ether sulfone)-containing and poly(arylene ether ketone)- containing tetraphenylbenzidine (PTPDES an PTPDEK) and also polymers with directly coupled triphenyl amine units (PPBA). When these polymers are mixed with strong acceptor such as TBPAH or DDQ, they indicated higher conductivity and facilitated hole injection from ITO to the hole transport layer. Spin-coating of such polymer from an organic solution on ITO was found to improve the surface roughness of ITO, resulting in reduced defects that cause electric short circuit between ITO and cathode. These buffer materials lowered the operation voltage and improved the thermal stability of the device. After storage of 1,000 hours at 85 degrees Celsius, the device with polymer buffer showed no degradation in luminance and small increase of operation voltage. In comparison with CuPc buffer, it is clear that the doped polymer is superior in terms of both efficiency and thermal stability.
A Strategy for Direct Chemical Activation of the Retinoblastoma Protein (2016)

The retinoblastoma (Rb) tumor suppressor protein negatively regulates cell proliferation by binding and inhibiting E2F transcription factors. Rb inactivation occurs in cancer cells upon cyclin-dependent kinase (Cdk) phosphorylation, which induces E2F release and activation of cell cycle genes. We present a strategy for activating phosphorylated Rb with molecules that bind Rb directly and enhance affinity for E2F. We developed a fluorescence polarization assay that can detect the effect of exogenous compounds on modulating affinity of Rb for the E2F transactivation domain. We found that a peptide capable of disrupting the compact inactive Rb conformation increases affinity of the repressive Rb-E2F complex. Our results demonstrate the feasibility of discovering novel molecules that target the cell cycle and proliferation through directly targeting Rb rather than upstream kinase activity.
Charge-transfer analogue-to-digital convertor (1976)

A novel means of implementing an analogue-to-digital conversion function by charge-transfer techniques is described. The number of metered charge packets that is required to fill a potential ‘well’ to a predetermined threshold level is linearly proportional to the magnitude of the input analogue voltage. Circuits have been implemented using p-channel, aluminium-gate technology, and have demonstrated 10–12 bits resolution capability.
Compliant Joints For Robots (1990)

Compliant joints devised to accommodate misalignments of tools and/or workpieces with respect to robotic manipulators. Has characteristics and appearance of both universal-joint and cable-spring-type flexible shaft coupling. Compliance derived from elastic properties of short pieces of cable. Compliance of joint determined by lengths, distances between, relative orientations, thickness of strands, number of strands, material, amount of pretwist, and number of short pieces of cable. Worm-drive mechanism used to adjust lengths to vary compliance as needed during operation.
Synthesis of 3-O-demethylfortimicins (1980)

Treatment of fortimicin B with lithium in ethylamine gave 3-O-demethylfortimicin B. The latter was converted by methodology developed with fortimicin B to 3-O-demethylfortimicin A, 4-N-sarcosyl-3-O-demethylfortimicin B, 4-N-beta-alanyl-3-O-demethylfortimicin B, and 4-N-(beta-aminoethyl)-3-O-demethylfortimicin B. 3-O-demethylfortimicin A and the 4-N-acyl-3-O-demethylfortimicins B had appreciably higher antibacterial activities than the corresponding parent fortimicins. Most significant was the increased activity of 3-O-demethylfortimicin A relative to fortimicin A against a variety of strains of Pseudomonas aeruginosa.
Inverse closed-loop power control for CDMA wireless systems (2002)

In this work, two algorithms for closed loop power control in CDMA wireless systems are proposed. These algorithms aim to minimize the power control error by predicting the inverse of the channel fading: For this purpose, a channel fading prediction scheme is also proposed.