gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Mechanism of Ammonia Retention on Graphite Oxides:  Role of Surface Chemistry and Structure (2007)

Graphite oxide (GO) was synthesized from commercial graphite and modified by calcinations at 350 °C. The samples were used as adsorbents of ammonia at dry and moist conditions. Their surface before and after exposure to ammonia was characterized using adsorption of nitrogen, XRD, SEM, FTIR, TA, CHN analysis, and potentiometric titration. The results showed that oxidation results in the incorporation of a significant amount of epoxy, phenolic, and carboxylic groups, which is directly manifested by a decrease in surface pH. The majority of the latter is removed by calcinations. During this process, the exfoliation of graphite occurs, resulting in the formation of some micro- and mesporosity. The materials obtained have proven to be excellent adsorbents of ammonia. The NH3 reacts with carboxylic acids and is intercalated between layers or dissolved in pores with adsorbed water. The mechanism depends on the conditions of experiments and surface features of the samples. The highest capacity is obtained on GO on which a significant amount of water is adsorbed, likely on functional groups. This helps in the dissociation of carboxylic groups and their acid−base reactions with ammonia. Nevertheless, a significant amount of ammonia is intercalated between layers. Those two interactions are the strongest. When water is present in the challenge gas, the amount adsorbed decreases because of the competition between water and ammonia for active sites.
Design and fabrication of micromachined passive microwave filtering elements in CMOS technology (2002)

This paper describes a novel implementation of micromachined microwave resonators and filters, coupled with low-loss transmission lines, fabricated in standard CMOS technology. Selective etching of the Si substrate beneath the microwave elements results in significantly lowered transmission loss, improved quality factor and operating frequency range. This allows operation at gigahertz frequencies. Resonators with Q-factors of 20 and resonant frequencies of 2 GHz and 21 GHz are reported which are significant results for standard CMOS technology. A low-pass filter is also reported with a 2.5 GHz cutoff frequency. The resonant and cutoff frequencies are in general adjustable within the 1 to 40 GHz band. These devices are useful for integration with microwave power sensors, and have application in wireless communication systems where low-loss operation above 1 GHz is essential.
A rolling horizon optimization framework for the simultaneous energy supply and demand planning in microgrids (2015)

This work focuses on the development of optimization-based scheduling strategies for the coordination of microgrids. The main novelty of this work is the simultaneous management of energy production and energy demand within a reactive scheduling approach to deal with the presence of uncertainty associated to production and consumption. Delays in the nominal energy demands are allowed under associated penalty costs to tackle flexible and fluctuating demand profiles. In this study, the basic microgrid structure consists of renewable energy systems (photovoltaic panels, wind turbines) and energy storage units. Consequently, a Mixed Integer Linear Programming (MILP) formulation is presented and used within a rolling horizon scheme that periodically updates input data information.
Effects of testosterone, oestradiol and progesterone on immune regulation. (1982)

Clinical observations on differences in the sexual incidence of diseases associated with defects of immune regulation, and of the occasional beneficial effects of pregnancy on disease course suggest that endocrine mechanisms may be important in the immuno-pathogenesis of these disorders. To investigate this possibility the in vitro effects of testosterone, oestradiol and progesterone on selected aspects of immune regulation were studied in normal adults. We observed the effects of these hormones on a mitogen-induced suppressor T-cell system and a monocyte mediated prostaglandin-producing suppressor cell system. The addition of progesterone but not oestradiol or testosterone to the Concanavalin A (Con A) generation of T lymphocyte suppressor cells produced significantly increased suppressor cell activity (P less than 0.005). Pre-incubation of lymphocytes with testosterone but not oestradiol or progesterone in the absence in the absence of Con A resulted in the generation of modest, but highly significant suppressor cell activity (P less than 0.005) No effect on the prostaglandin-producing suppressor cell activity was observed. These findings suggest that certain endocrine changes may alter immunoregulatory function and account for some of the clinical observations previously noted in diseases associated with defects of immune regulation.
eIF4E knockdown decreases breast cancer cell growth without activating Akt signaling (2008)

Activation of translation initiation is essential for the malignant phenotype and is emerging as a potential therapeutic target. Translation is regulated by the expression of translation initiation factor 4E (eIF4E) as well as the interaction of eIF4E with eIF4E-binding proteins (e.g., 4E-BP1). Rapamycin inhibits translation initiation by decreasing the phosphorylation of 4E-BP1, increasing eIF4E/4E-BP1 interaction. However, rapamycin also inhibits S6K phosphorylation, leading to feedback loop activation of Akt. We hypothesized that targeting eIF4E directly would inhibit breast cancer cell growth without activating Akt. We showed that eIF4E is ubiquitously expressed in breast cancer cell lines. eIF4E knockdown by small interfering RNA inhibited growth in different breast cancer cell subtypes including triple-negative (estrogen receptor/progesterone receptor/HER-2-negative) cancer cells. eIF4E knockdown inhibited the growth of cells with varying total and phosphorylated 4E-BP1 levels and inhibited rapamycin-insensitive as well as rapamycin-sensitive cell lines. eIF4E knockdown led to a decrease in expression of cyclin D1, Bcl-2, and Bcl-xL. eIF4E knockdown did not lead to Akt phosphorylation but did decrease 4E-BP1 expression. We conclude that eIF4E is a promising target for breast cancer therapy. eIF4E-targeted therapy may be efficacious in a variety of breast cancer subtypes including triple-negative tumors for which currently there are no targeted therapies. Unlike rapamycin and its analogues, eIF4E knockdown is not associated with Akt activation.
Building Hierarchical Switch Network Using OpenFlow (2009)

No single layers and technologies can construct a large scale network, thus networks are organized as a physical structure of variety of layers. For example in data center, networks are typically consists of access and aggregation L2 switches and core L2/L3 switches networks. However, new trends for server virtualization can change traffic dynamics, i.e. virtualized host can be located at any locations in the network and connections among servers are set up independently from physical network structure. Therefore static network structure cannot stay optimal and thus, we propose a network architecture whose structure is logically defined and flexibly reconfigurable. The network uniformly consists of OpenFlow switches and constructs a logical routing hierarchy defined by the software at OpenFlow controller. We evaluated our scheme to construct an efficient data center core network. We discussed types of logical structures and path selection algorithms with the constraint of flow table usage, which is one of the most critical constraints for scalable OpenFlow networks. Our simulation evaluation indicates that (1) full-mesh, hypercube and ring-based networks are the realistic logical structure design and that (2) hyperbolic path selection scheme has doubled the path capacity.
A Novel Entitlement-based Blockchain-enabled Security Architecture for IoT (2019)

There has been a massive growth of Internet of Things (IoT) applications recently for both personal and organization use cases. But an IoT network is vulnerable to many privacy and security concerns. While some researchers have tried to define different access control models for IoT and tried to use blockchain in some cases, the solutions presented to date lacks a flexible and robust access control model that can be used for complex organization and cross-organization resource access scenarios and lacks the scalability and performance needed for IoT. This paper introduces a novel entitlement-based access control model that provides an efficient and secure way to delegate resource access rights to any entity. The solution uses service-oriented approach and a combination of public blockchain (with smart contracts) and local off-chain data for entitlements management and control. To analyze the proposed architecture, a large-scale cross-organization IoT scenario is taken into consideration and some qualitative evaluations are presented while implementation with Ethereum blockchain and smart contracts are currently in progress.
Memristive Neural Network Based Reinforcement Learning with Reward Shaping for Path Finding (2018)

Robot is becoming an important role in people's daily life and work. Especially, in some extreme circumstances, robots can be used for searching and rescuing to improve the rescue efficiency and decrease additional casualties. Reinforcement learning, especially q-learning, is always employed in robot path finding for the unknown environment. However, the basic reinforcement learning always faces the problem of inefficiency and blindness. In this paper, a novel path finding method called MRNS q-learning is proposed. By leveraging the advantages of the reward shaping q-learning and memristive RBF neural network, this method may provide higher processing efficiency and convergence speed. In addition, a hardware architecture for the MRNS q-learning is also given. Finally, simulation results demonstrate the effectiveness and ascendancy of the proposed scheme.
Circulating microRNAs in breast cancer: novel diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers (2017)

Effective management of breast cancer depends on early diagnosis and proper monitoring of patients' response to therapy. However, these goals are difficult to achieve because of the lack of sensitive and specific biomarkers for early detection and for disease monitoring. Accumulating evidence in the past several years has highlighted the potential use of peripheral blood circulating nucleic acids such as DNA, mRNA and micro (mi)RNA in breast cancer diagnosis, prognosis and for monitoring response to anticancer therapy. Among these, circulating miRNA is increasingly recognized as a promising biomarker, given the ease with which miRNAs can be isolated and their structural stability under different conditions of sample processing and isolation. In this review, we provide current state-of-the-art of miRNA biogenesis, function and discuss the advantages, limitations, as well as pitfalls of using circulating miRNAs as diagnostic, prognostic or predictive biomarkers in breast cancer management.
3D Human Pose Estimation = 2D Pose Estimation + Matching (2016)

We explore 3D human pose estimation from a single RGB image. While many approaches try to directly predict 3D pose from image measurements, we explore a simple architecture that reasons through intermediate 2D pose predictions. Our approach is based on two key observations (1) Deep neural nets have revolutionized 2D pose estimation, producing accurate 2D predictions even for poses with self occlusions. (2) Big-data sets of 3D mocap data are now readily available, making it tempting to lift predicted 2D poses to 3D through simple memorization (e.g., nearest neighbors). The resulting architecture is trivial to implement with off-the-shelf 2D pose estimation systems and 3D mocap libraries. Importantly, we demonstrate that such methods outperform almost all state-of-the-art 3D pose estimation systems, most of which directly try to regress 3D pose from 2D measurements.
Computer aided design of wire coating dies (1994)

Abstract A nonisothermal analysis of wire coating using the lubrication approximation is presented. The flow problem is solved with the broken section method where the extrusion die is broken perpendicularly to the wire axis. The flow variables (velocity, stresses, and temperature) are computed with a finite difference scheme. Any generalized Newtonian constitutive equation can be used and the energy balance includes convection in the flow direction, viscous dissipation, and conduction through the die and wire. Experimental data for inlet pressure and wire tension, obtained on an industrial line, were compared to simulated results. The predictions were satisfactory and the trends predicted by the model were relatively accurate. The main problem comes from the difficulty of measuring viscosity at high shear rates, corresponding to high processing velocity, with standard techniques. © 1994 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
SOLITARY BURN-UP WAVE SOLUTION IN A MULTI-GROUP DIFFUSION-BURNUP COUPLED SYSTEM (2007)

A two-group diffusion model coupled with simplified burn-up equations is investigated for a one-dimensional burn-up drift wave problem, which is related to the recently developed concept of a so-called CANDLE reactor. This coupled system is solved successively by using the integrability (analytical solvability) in the one-group theory [5] under an initial assumption of a constant fraction of slow neutron flux. The multi-group effects are revealed by solving the slow part of the two-group diffusion equations. The method is convergent quickly, practically after one iteration. It is shown that the fraction of slow flux varies slightly in a solitary wave solution, however it has a significant quantitative impact on the solitary wave solution, in particular, on the wave length and drift speed.
End-to-End Learning of Motion Representation for Video Understanding (2018)

Despite the recent success of end-to-end learned representations, hand-crafted optical flow features are still widely used in video analysis tasks. To fill this gap, we propose TVNet, a novel end-to-end trainable neural network, to learn optical-flow-like features from data. TVNet subsumes a specific optical flow solver, the TV-L1 method, and is initialized by unfolding its optimization iterations as neural layers. TVNet can therefore be used directly without any extra learning. Moreover, it can be naturally concatenated with other task-specific networks to formulate an end-to-end architecture, thus making our method more efficient than current multi-stage approaches by avoiding the need to pre-compute and store features on disk. Finally, the parameters of the TVNet can be further fine-tuned by end-to-end training. This enables TVNet to learn richer and task-specific patterns beyond exact optical flow. Extensive experiments on two action recognition benchmarks verify the effectiveness of the proposed approach. Our TVNet achieves better accuracies than all compared methods, while being competitive with the fastest counterpart in terms of features extraction time.
Debio 025, a Cyclophilin Binding Molecule, Is Highly Efficient in Clearing Hepatitis C Virus (HCV) Replicon-Containing Cells When Used Alone or in Combination with Specifically Targeted Antiviral Therapy for HCV (STAT-C) Inhibitors (2008)

Debio 025 is a potent inhibitor of hepatitis C virus (HCV) replication (J. Paeshuyse et al., Hepatology 43:761-770, 2006). In phase I clinical studies, monotherapy (a Debio 025 dose of 1,200 mg twice a day) resulted in a mean maximal decrease in the viral load of 3.6 log(10) units (R. Flisiak et al., Hepatology 47:817-826, 2008), whereas a reduction of 4.6 log(10) units was obtained in phase II studies when Debio 025 was combined with interferon (R. Flisiak et al., J. Hepatol., 48:S62, 2008). We here report on the particular characteristics of the in vitro anti-HCV activities of Debio 025. The combination of Debio 025 with either ribavirin or specifically targeted antiviral therapy for HCV (STAT-C) inhibitors (NS3 protease or NS5B [nucleoside and nonnucleoside] polymerase inhibitors) resulted in additive antiviral activity in short-term antiviral assays. Debio 025 has the unique ability to clear hepatoma cells from their HCV replicon when it is used alone or in combination with interferon and STAT-C inhibitors. Debio 025, when it was used at concentrations that have been observed in human plasma (0.1 or 0.5 muM), was able to delay or prevent the development of resistance to HCV protease inhibitors as well as to nucleoside and nonnucleoside polymerase inhibitors. Debio 025 forms an attractive drug candidate for the treatment of HCV infections in combination with standard interferon-based treatment and treatments that directly target the HCV polymerase and/or protease.
Genomic analysis of induced pluripotent stem (iPS) cells: routes to reprogramming (2009)

The phenomenal proliferation of scientific studies into the nature of induced pluripotent stem (iPS) cells following publication of the findings of Takahashi and Yamanaka little more than 2 years ago, have significantly expanded our understanding of cellular mechanisms relating to cell lineage, differentiation, and proliferation. While the full potential of iPS cell lineages for both scientific tool and therapeutic applications is as yet unclear, findings from several lines of investigation suggests that multipotential and terminally differentiated cells from an array of cell types are competent to undergo epigenetic reprogramming to a pluripotential state. The nature of this pluripotential state appears to be similar to, but not identical with that previously described for embryonic stem (ES) cells. Understanding the nature of this induced reprogrammed state will be critical to determining the full potential of iPS cells. Recently, this issue has been examined through an integrated analysis of the genome in fully and partially reprogrammed iPS cell lineages. These results provide a window onto the temporal components of reprogramming and suggest mechanisms by which the efficacy of reprogramming can be enhanced.
<scp>RK</scp>‐287107, a potent and specific tankyrase inhibitor, blocks colorectal cancer cell growth in a preclinical model (2018)

Aberrant activation of Wnt/β-catenin signaling causes tumorigenesis and promotes the proliferation of colorectal cancer cells. Porcupine inhibitors, which block secretion of Wnt ligands, may have only limited clinical impact for the treatment of colorectal cancer, because most colorectal cancer is caused by loss-of-function mutations of the tumor suppressor adenomatous polyposis coli (APC) downstream of Wnt ligands. Tankyrase poly(ADP-ribosyl)ates (PARylates) Axin, a negative regulator of β-catenin. This post-translational modification causes ubiquitin-dependent degradation of Axin, resulting in β-catenin accumulation. Tankyrase inhibitors downregulate β-catenin and suppress the growth of APC-mutated colorectal cancer cells. Herein, we report a novel tankyrase-specific inhibitor RK-287107, which inhibits tankyrase-1 and -2 four- and eight-fold more potently, respectively, than G007-LK, a tankyrase inhibitor that has been previously reported as effective in mouse xenograft models. RK-287107 causes Axin2 accumulation and downregulates β-catenin, T-cell factor/lymphoid enhancer factor reporter activity and the target gene expression in colorectal cancer cells harboring the shortly truncated APC mutations. Consistently, RK-287107 inhibits the growth of APC-mutated (β-catenin-dependent) colorectal cancer COLO-320DM and SW403 cells but not the APC-wild (β-catenin-independent) colorectal cancer RKO cells. Intraperitoneal or oral administration of RK-287107 suppresses COLO-320DM tumor growth in NOD-SCID mice. Rates of tumor growth inhibition showed good correlation with the behavior of pharmacodynamic biomarkers, such as Axin2 accumulation and MYC downregulation. These observations indicate that RK-287107 exerts a proof-of-concept antitumor effect, and thus may have potential for tankyrase-directed molecular cancer therapy.
A stud on an mmse ici canceller for ofdm under doppler-spread channel (2004)

In OFDM transmission, a loss of sub-carrier orthogonality due to Doppler-spread of the channel leads to inter-carrier interference (ICI). We have proposed a method to reduce the ICI caused by the Doppler spread of the channel. The transmission channel is modeled by a combination of multiple Doppler-shifted propagation paths, and their parameters such as attenuation, relative delay and Doppler-shift are estimated using scattered pilot symbols. The ICI is canceled by multiplying the inverse matrix of the estimated channel matrix with the received OFDM symbol vector. However, the ICI canceller causes enhancement of noise component, so it can't improve the bit error rate characteristics sufficiently. In this paper, we propose the new ICI canceller based on MMSE, which does not cause enhancement of noise component. As the result of computer simulation, it was confirmed that the ICI canceller based on MMSE could reduce the bit error rate more than ICI canceller based on zero-forcing under the Doppler-spread channel.
Video Super Resolution with Generative Adversarial Network (2018)

This paper exhibits a novel implementation of video super resolution through Generative adversarial network. Generative adversarial networks (GANs) are a class of artificial intelligence algorithm implemented by a system of two neural networks provide a unique way to learn deep representations. The results of GAN shows slightly lower PSNR compared to traditional methods, since the frames produced by GAN is more appealing when viewed by human. GAN can learn from large datasets and automatically add high-frequency details and features to frames while traditional methods can't. The generator discriminator architecture in GAN pushes it to generate more realistic and appealing frames.
Single Crystals Popping Under UV Light: A Photosalient Effect Triggered by a [2+2] Cycloaddition Reaction (2014)

The extremely rare examples of dynamic single crystals where excitation by light or heat induces macroscopic motility present not only a visually appealing demonstration of the utility of molecular materials for conversion of energy to work, but they also provide a unique opportunity to explore the mechanistic link between collective molecular processes and their consequences at a macroscopic level. Here, we report the first example of a photosalient effect (photoinduced leaping) observed with crystals of three coordination complexes which is induced by a [2+2] photocycloaddition reaction. Unlike a plethora of other dimerization reactions, when exposed to even weak UV light, single crystals of these materials burst violently, whereby they are propelled to travel several millimeters. The results point to a multistep mechanism where the strain energy that has been accumulated during the dimerization triggers a rapid structure transformation which ultimately results in crystal disintegration.