gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Deficits of smooth pursuit initiation in patients with degenerative cerebellar lesions (1999)

It is well known that cerebellar dysfunction can lead to an impairment of eye velocity during sustained pursuit tracking of continuously moving visual target. We have now studied the initiation of smooth pursuit eye movements towards predictable and randomized visual step-ramp stimuli in six patients with degenerative cerebellar lesions and six age-matched healthy controls using the magnetic scleral search-coil technique. In comparison with the control subjects, the cerebellar patients showed a significant delay of pursuit onset, and their initial eye acceleration was significantly decreased. These cerebellar deficits of pursuit initiation were similarly found in response to both randomized and predictable step-ramps, suggesting that predictive input does not compensate for cerebellar deficits in the initiation period of smooth pursuit. When we compared initial saccades during smooth tracking of foveofugal and foveopetal step-ramps, the absolute position error of these saccades did not significantly differ between patients and controls. In fact, none of the patients showed any bias of the saccadic position error that was related to the direction or velocity of the ongoing target motion. This work presents further evidence that the effect of cerebellar degeneration is not limited to the impaired velocity gain of steady-state smooth pursuit. Instead, it prolongs the processing time required to initiate smooth pursuit and impairs the initial eye acceleration. These two deficits were not associated with an abnormal assessment of target velocity and they were not modified by predictive control mechanisms, suggesting that cerebellar deficits of smooth initiation are not primarily caused by abnormal information on target motion being relayed to the cerebellum.
Propagation of radio signals inside buildings at 150, 450 and 850 MHz (1986)

A comprehensive study designed to characterize the propagation of radio frequency signals inside buildings is presented. Propagation curves at 150, 450 and 850 MHz are generated for a large office building in Ft. Lauderdale, Florida. The measurement apparatus is computer driven, to enable rapid integration of a large number of samples from a test location. The representation of the signals in the time domain provides for a good characterization of multipath fading for the different frequency bands. The number of samples needed for repeatable and accurate power averaging, are determined empirically. The vast amount of data is used to document the attenuation due to office walls and building floors. Probability distributions and standard deviations for the three frequency bands are also presented.
FPGA architecture for feed-forward sequential memory network targeting long-term time-series forecasting (2016)

Deep learning is being widely used in various applications, and diverse neural networks have been proposed. A form of neural network, such as the novel feed-forward sequential memory network (FSMN), aims to forecast prospective data by extracting the time-series feature. FSMN is a standard feed-forward neural network equipped with time-domain filters, and it can forecast without recurrent feedback. In this paper, we propose a field-programmable gate-array (FPGA) architecture for this model, and exhibit that the resource does not increase exponentially as the network scale increases.
A CMOS-compatible rib waveguide with local oxidation of silicon isolation (2007)

The Local Oxidation of Silicon (LOCOS) technique is used to define optical rib waveguides in silicon-on-insulator (SOI) material. This process, commonly used for device isolation in purely microelectronic CMOS processes, results in a nearly planar surface suitable for integrating optical and electronic components on the same chip. Optical mode simulation was used to determine rib geometries suitable for single-mode propagation and minimizing birefringence in the 1550 nm optical telecommunications band. Test devices were then fabricated in SOI material with a Si film thickness near 3 microns. Growth of a 1 micron field oxide by wet oxidation yielded a 0.5 micron rib height. As-drawn rib widths ranged from 3 microns to 5 microns, giving final rib widths ranging from 2 microns to 4 microns after oxidation. Cutback optical testing of 3 microns drawn width ribs showed the loss to be less than 1 dB/cm at 1555 nm. Unbalanced Mach-Zehnder interferometers with Y-splitter junctions were also fabricated and tested with input wavelength swept from 1470 to 1580 nm and showed an extinction of 6-10 dB, demonstrating the ability of the LOCOS rib technique to produce more complex waveguide devices.
On the limiting behaviour of augmented seasonal unit root tests (2005)

In a recent paper, Taylor (2003) has shown that the seasonal unit root tests of Dickey et al. (1984) [DHF] have non-degenerate limiting distributions for series which admit unit roots at any of the zero or seasonal frequencies. In this note we go a stage further and show that the standard practice of augmenting the DHF regression with lagged dependent variables alters the limiting distributions of the DHF statistics in the above scenario. Associated Monte Carlo evidence shows that this may either increase or decrease (possibly even below the nominal level) the rejection frequencies of the tests, relative to the unaugmented case.
Type-Safe linking with recursive DLLs and shared libraries (2002)

Component-based programming is an increasingly prevalent theme in software development, motivating the need for expressive and safe module interconnection languages. Dynamic linking is an important requirement for module interconnection languages, as exemplified by dynamic link libraries (DLLs) and class loaders in operating systems and Java, respectively. A semantics is given for a type-safe module interconnection language that supports shared libraries and dynamic linking, as well as circular import dependencies (recursive modules). The core language requirements of the module interconnection language are compatible with programming languages such as Java and C#.
Cap-independent Translation of Tobacco Etch Virus Is Conferred by an RNA Pseudoknot in the 5′-Leader (2005)

The tobacco etch virus (TEV) 5'-leader promotes cap-independent translation in a 5'-proximal position and promotes internal initiation when present in the intercistronic region of a dicistronic mRNA, indicating that the leader contains an internal ribosome entry site. The TEV 143-nucleotide 5'-leader folds into a structure that contains two domains, each of which contains an RNA pseudoknot. Mutational analysis of the TEV 5'-leader identified pseudoknot (PK) 1 within the 5'-proximal domain and an upstream single-stranded region flanking PK1 as necessary to promote cap-independent translation. Mutations to either stem or to loops 2 or 3 of PK1 substantially disrupted cap-independent translation. The sequence of loop 3 in PK1 is complementary to a region in 18 S rRNA that is conserved throughout eukaryotes. Mutations within L3 that disrupted its potential base pairing with 18 S rRNA reduced cap-independent translation, whereas mutations that maintained the potential for base pairing with 18 S rRNA had little effect. These results indicated that the TEV 5'-leader functionally substitutes for a 5'-cap and promotes cap-independent translation through a 45-nucleotide pseudoknot-containing domain.
A Critical Review of Non-carious Cervical (Wear) Lesions and the Role of Abfraction, Erosion, and Abrasion (2006)

The terms 'abfraction' and 'abrasion' describe the cause of lesions found along the cervical margins of teeth. Erosion, abrasion, and attrition have all been associated with their formation. Early research suggested that the cause of the V-shaped lesion was excessive horizontal toothbrushing. Abfraction is another possible etiology and involves occlusal stress, producing cervical cracks that predispose the surface to erosion and abrasion. This article critically reviews the literature on abrasion, erosion, and abrasion, and abfraction. The references were obtained by a MEDLINE search in March, 2005, and from this, hand searches were undertaken. From the literature, there is little evidence, apart from laboratory studies, to indicate that abfraction exists other than as a hypothetical component of cervical wear.
On the Relationship of Heng 恆 and Ji 極: Evidence from Lao-Zi Texts (2009)

There are quite a number of differences between the unearthed Bamboo-Silk texts of Lao-Zi and the transmitted or received ones. in Bamboo texts, for example, is written as HENG 恆and JI 極 in Silk texts, and as 常 and 極 respectively in received versions. The fact that in the Silk texts 恆 is used as a modifier while 極 is not suggests a functional complementarity between the two. Furthermore, in reconstructed Archaic Chinese, 極 and 恆 share the same initial *g-, and their finals are in rhyme categories which are phonologically parallel and relatable to each other. 恆, which means long duration through time, and 極, which means overall spatial duration, are characterized exclusively by the core meaning of going through from a starting point to the end. Based on the evidence cited above, we propose that HENG 恆and JI 極 are derived from one and the same word family. While the Silk texts represent the period when HENG 恆and JI 極 were separately derived, the Bamboo texts represent a stage earlier than that derivation.
The role of the mouthguard in the prevention of sports‐related dental injuries: a review (2001)

While much progress has been made in this area, the profession could do much more to promote the greater use of mouthguards.
Application of supergrouping to enhance 3D prestack seismic data from a desert environment (2018)

Abstract Fit-for-purpose enhancement remains a critical task for processing land seismic data, especially with the increasing popularity of high-channel-count and single-sensor data. We describe here a flexible scheme called smart supergrouping that performs summation of traces from neighboring shots and receivers. Supergrouping enhances desired reflection signals while suppressing ground roll and other noise. It also delivers prestack data of significantly high quality, critical for deriving velocities, deconvolution operators, scalars, and statics, as well as for improved imaging. While similar in concept to field source/receiver array forming, supergrouping may be applied to data already acquired with field arrays. Unlike field arrays, supergrouped data have kinematic corrections applied with overlapping apertures. We also have the ability to compensate for intra-array statics and wavelet variations. We demonstrate the signal-enhancing abilities of such generalized supergroups with normal-moveout corrections on challenging land and ocean-bottom-cable seismic data from Saudi Arabia. Applications of supergrouped data cover various steps of land seismic processing from first-break picking to deconvolution to statics to full-waveform inversion and imaging.
Augmented reality information registration for head-up display (2015)

In this paper, we present an information registration method for an Augmented Reality Head-Up Display (AR-HUD) system. The AR-HUD system superimposes driving assistance warnings and instructions that correctly match the real world according to the driver's view. AR information registration is a necessary procedure prior to the presentation of these warnings and instructions. This need is important in the field of safe driving, where the driver should keep his attention to specific situations and decide the upcoming maneuvers. This paper presents an automated AR information registration method that can establish correspondences between cameras and HUD on the assumption that the view of the driver are fixed toward the front. We also verify some of the use cases in the implemented AR-HUD system based on a test-bed vehicle.
Scaling Laws for Plasma Focus Machines from Numerical Experiments (2010)

Numerical experiments carried out systematically using the Lee Model code unveil insightful and practical wide-ranging scaling laws for plasma focus machines for nuclear fusion energy as well as other applications. An essential feature of the numerical experiments is the fitting of a measured current waveform to the computed waveform to calibrate the model for the particular machine, thus providing a reliable and rigorous determination of the all-important pinch current. The thermodynamics and radiation properties of the resulting plasma are then reliably determined. This paper provides an overview of the recently published scaling laws for neutron (Yn) and neon soft x-ray, SXR (Ysxr) yields: Yn = 3.2x1011 Ipinch4.5; Yn = 1.8x1010 Ipeak3.8; Ipeak (0.3 to 5.7), Ipinch (0.2 to 2.4) in MA. Yn~E02.0 at tens of kJ to Yn~E00.84 at MJ level (up to 25MJ) and Ysxr = 8.3x103 Ipinch3.6; Ysxr = 6x102 Ipeak3.2; Ipeak (0.1 to 2.4), Ipinch (0.07 to1.3) in MA. Ysxr~E01.6 (kJ range) to Ysxr~E00.8 (towards MJ).
Causes of Death of Patients With Lung Cancer (2012)

The numerous and complex ways lung cancer kills patients pose a challenge for efforts to extend and improve their lives.
Adaptive OFDM Radar for Target Detection in Multipath Scenarios (2010)

We develop methods for detecting a moving target in the presence of multipath reflections, which exist, for example, in urban environments. We take advantage of the multipath propagation that increases the spatial diversity of the radar system and provides different Doppler shifts over different paths. We employ a broadband orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) signal to increase the frequency diversity of the system as different scattering centers of a target resonate variably at different frequencies. To overcome the peak-to-average power ratio (PAPR) problem of the conventional OFDM, we also use constant-envelope OFDM (CE-OFDM) signaling scheme. First, we consider a simple scenario in which the radar receives only a finite number of specularly reflected multipath signals. We develop parametric measurement models, for both the OFDM and CE-OFDM signaling methods, under the generalized multivariate analysis of variance (GMANOVA) framework and employ the generalized likelihood ratio (GLR) tests to decide about the presence of a target in a particular range cell. Then, we propose an algorithm to optimally design the parameters of the OFDM transmitting waveform for the next coherent processing interval. In addition, we extend our models to study the aspects of temporal correlations in the measurement noise. We provide a few numerical examples to illustrate the performance characteristics of the proposed detectors and demonstrate the achieved performance improvement due to adaptive OFDM waveform design.
Synthesis and characterization of the anticancer and metal binding properties of novel pyrimidinylhydrazone derivatives (2014)

Three novel pyrimidinylhydrazones substituted at either the aromatic moiety or at the imine carbon atom were synthesized and characterized by standard analytical methods. All compounds were found to be toxic in the micro- to submicromolar range against a diverse panel of cancer cell lines including multidrug resistant (MDR) derivatives expressing P-glycoprotein (Pgp). UV-visible spectrophotometry experiments demonstrated that the most active compound (3) forms highly stable complexes with iron(III) and copper(II) in a wide pH range with a stronger preference towards iron(III). The redox activity of the iron and copper complexes of ligand 3 was investigated using cyclic voltammetry and was tested with cellular reductants. The impact of reactive oxygen species (ROS) on the mechanism of toxicity was assessed using the ROS-sensitive cell permeable dye 2',7'-dichlorofluorescin diacetate (DCFDA). Our results demonstrate that the studied pyrimidinylhydrazones form redox-active iron and copper complexes that are capable of producing intracellular ROS, which might lead to cellular damage and cell death in cancer cells regardless of their resistance status.
Pulsed laser operation of Yb-doped KY(WO_4)_2 and KGd(WO_4)_2 (1997)

Spectroscopic properties and laser performance of Y b-doped tungstates at pulsed Ti:sapphire laser pumping are reported. Room-temperature lasing near 1025nm is demonstrated in Yb:KY(WO(4))(2) and Yb:KGd(WO(4))(2), with a slope efficiency as great as 86.9%.
Does Culture Matter for Economic Growth (2008)

This paper examines how culture affects the differences in economic growth within a country and across countries over time. We postulate that a link exists between cultural elements and approximate determinants (factor accumulation, technology, and efficiency) of economic performance. We connect the cultural elements to these conventional approximate determinants, which underlie the fundamental determinants for economic performance. The cultural elements in fundamentals include work ethics, savings behavior, religion, trust, ethnic homogeneity, social capital, social capability, and openness to ideas. By demonstrating the interrelation between cultural elements and approximate determinants as an explanatory variable in economic performance, we clarify the definition of cultural elements and assist in data collections for future studies.
Crowdsensing Maps of On-street Parking Spaces (2013)

It has been estimated that traffic congestion costs the world economy hundreds of billions of dollars each year, increases pollution, and has a negative impact on the overall quality of life in metropolitan areas. A significant part of congestion in urban areas is due to vehicles searching for on-street parking. Detailed and accurate on-street parking maps can help drivers easily locate areas with large numbers of legal parking spaces and thus relieve congestion. In this paper, we address the problem of mapping street parking spaces using vehicles' preinstalled parking sensors. In particular, we focus on identifying legal parking spaces from crowdsourced data, whereas earlier work has largely assumed that such maps of legal spaces are given. We demonstrate that crowdsensing data from vehicle parking sensors can be used to classify on-street areas into legal/illegal parking spaces. Based on more than 2 million data points collected in Highland Park, NJ and downtown Brooklyn, NY areas, we show that on-street parking maps can be estimated with an accuracy of ~90% using proposed weighted occupancy rate thresholding algorithm.
Histatins are the major wound‐closure stimulating factors in human saliva as identified in a cell culture assay (2008)

Wounds in the oral cavity heal much faster than skin lesions. Among other factors, saliva is generally assumed to be of relevance to this feature. Rodent saliva contains large amounts of growth factors such as epidermal growth factor (EGF) and nerve growth factor (NGF). In humans, however, the identity of the involved compounds has remained elusive, especially since EGF and NGF concentrations are approximately 100,000 times lower than those in rodent saliva. Using an in vitro model for wound closure, we examined the properties of human saliva and the fractions that were obtained from saliva by high-performance liquid chromotography (HPLC) separation. We identified histatin 1 (Hst1) and histatin 2 (Hst2) as major wound-closing factors in human saliva. In contrast, the d-enantiomer of Hst2 did not induce wound closure, indicating stereospecific activation. Furthermore, histatins were actively internalized by epithelial cells and specifically used the extracellular signal-regulated kinases 1/2 (ERK1/2) pathway, thereby enhancing epithelial migration. This study demonstrates that members of the histatin family, which up to now were implicated in the antifungal weaponry of saliva, exert a novel function that likely is relevant for oral wound healing.
Creating reference gene annotation for the mouse C57BL6/J genome assembly (2015)

Annotation on the reference genome of the C57BL6/J mouse has been an ongoing project ever since the draft genome was first published. Initially, the principle focus was on the identification of all protein-coding genes, although today the importance of describing long non-coding RNAs, small RNAs, and pseudogenes is recognized. Here, we describe the progress of the GENCODE mouse annotation project, which combines manual annotation from the HAVANA group with Ensembl computational annotation, alongside experimental and in silico validation pipelines from other members of the consortium. We discuss the more recent incorporation of next-generation sequencing datasets into this workflow, including the usage of mass-spectrometry data to potentially identify novel protein-coding genes. Finally, we will outline how the C57BL6/J genebuild can be used to gain insights into the variant sites that distinguish different mouse strains and species.
Placenta Growth Factor-1 Exerts Time-Dependent Stabilization of Adherens Junctions Following VEGF-Induced Vascular Permeability (2011)

Increased vascular permeability is an early event characteristic of tissue ischemia and angiogenesis. Although VEGF family members are potent promoters of endothelial permeability the role of placental growth factor (PlGF) is hotly debated. Here we investigated PlGF isoforms 1 and 2 and present in vitro and in vivo evidence that PlGF-1, but not PlGF-2, can inhibit VEGF-induced permeability but only during a critical window post-VEGF exposure. PlGF-1 promotes VE-cadherin expression via the trans-activating Sp1 and Sp3 interaction with the VE-cadherin promoter and subsequently stabilizes transendothelial junctions, but only after activation of endothelial cells by VEGF. PlGF-1 regulates vascular permeability associated with the rapid localization of VE-cadherin to the plasma membrane and dephosphorylation of tyrosine residues that precedes changes observed in claudin 5 tyrosine phosphorylation and membrane localization. The critical window during which PlGF-1 exerts its effect on VEGF-induced permeability highlights the importance of the translational significance of this work in that PLGF-1 likely serves as an endogenous anti-permeability factor whose effectiveness is limited to a precise time point following vascular injury. Clinical approaches that would pattern nature's approach would thus limit treatments to precise intervals following injury and bring attention to use of agents only during therapeutic windows.
Presenilins: Members of the γ-Secretase Quartets, But Part-Time Soloists Too (2008)

The presenilins in combination with other proteins generate different γ-secretases, which are involved in the regulated intramembrane proteolysis of a variety of proteins. Understanding the specificity and regulation of these proteases will potentially lead to novel therapeutics for Alzheimer’s disease and cancer. Presenilins appear also to exert additional functions outside of the γ-secretase quartets, which needs further investigation.
Widely Linear Adaptive Frequency Estimation of Unbalanced Three-Phase Power Systems (2011)

A novel technique for online estimation of the fundamental frequency of unbalanced three-phase power systems is proposed. Based on Clarke's transformation and widely linear complex domain modeling, the proposed method makes use of the full second-order information within three-phase signals, thus promising enhanced and robust frequency estimation. The structure, mathematical formulation, and theoretical stability and statistical performance analysis of the proposed technique illustrate that, in contrast to conventional linear adaptive estimators, the proposed method is well matched to unbalanced system conditions and also provides unbiased frequency estimation. The proposed method is also less sensitive to the variations of the three-phase voltage amplitudes over time and in the presence of higher order harmonics. Simulations on both synthetic and real-world unbalanced power systems support the analysis.