gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Range Free Localization Schemes for Wireless Sensor Networks (2011)

Wireless sensor networks have become a hot research area due to their numerous applications in monitoring inaccessible areas, which are difficult to be monitored by conventional methods. A large number of wireless sensor network based applications are location dependent, where the sensed data is meaningless without accurate location of its origin. Some of these applications require highly accurate location information of sensor nodes. However, in many applications, knowledge of coarse accuracy of sensor node localization is sufficient. In such applications, range-free localization techniques are being used as low cost alternative to the range based localization techniques. All nodes in a sensor network cannot be made location aware, as it may escalate the cost of sensor network deployment. Therefore, to reduce the cost, very few location aware nodes, known as anchor nodes are deployed in the sensor network, all other nodes need to determine their location with the help of anchor nodes. Therefore, localization in wireless sensor network is to determine the geographical position of sensor nodes, based on the known position of anchor nodes. In this paper, range-free centroid schemes, based on fuzzy logic inference approach have been proposed. The proposed schemes have been compared with existing rangefree centroid based localization schemes through extensive simulations. A new cooperative localization technique based on fuzzy logic inference approach has also been proposed, which require deployment of very less number of anchor nodes in sensing field as compared to the conventional techniques; yet it provides required accuracy in localization of sensor nodes. The cooperative scheme requires very small number of location aware anchor nodes to be deployed, which reduces the cost of sensor network deployment. The simulation results demonstrate that through proposed cooperative localization technique, the desired accuracy in localization can be achieved even by use of few number of anchor nodes.
Ionically Conductive Self‐Healing Binder for Low Cost Si Microparticles Anodes in Li‐Ion Batteries (2018)

Abstract A self‐healing polymer (SHP) with abundant hydrogen bonds, appropriate viscoelasticity, and stretchability is a promising binder to improve cycle performance of Si microparticle anodes in lithium (Li) ion batteries. Besides high capacity and long cycle life, efficient rate performance is strongly desirable for practical Si anode implementation. Here, polyethylene glycol (PEG) groups are incorporated into the SHP, facilitating Li ionic conduction within the binder. The concept of the SHP‐PEG binder involves improving the interface between Si microparticles and electrolytes after cycling based on the combination of self‐healing ability and fast Li ionic conduction. Through the systematic study of mixing PEG Mw and ratio, the polymeric binder combining SHP and PEG with M w 750 in an optimal ratio of 60:40 (mol%) achieves a high discharging capacity of ≈2600 mA h g −1 , reasonable rate performance especially when >1C and maintains 80% of their initial capacity even after ≈150 cycles at 0.5C. The described concept for the polymeric binder, embedding both self‐healing ability and high Li ionic conductivity, should be equally useful for next generation batteries utilizing high capacity materials which suffer from huge volume change during cycling.
ALUMINUM HYDRIDE: A REVERSIBLE STORAGE MATERIAL FOR HYDROGEN STORAGE (2009)

One of the challenges of implementing the hydrogen economy is finding a suitable solid H{sub 2} storage material. Aluminium (alane, AlH{sub 3}) hydride has been examined as a potential hydrogen storage material because of its high weight capacity, low discharge temperature, and volumetric density. Recycling the dehydride material has however precluded AlH{sub 3} from being implemented due to the large pressures required (>10{sup 5} bar H{sub 2} at 25 C) and the thermodynamic expense of chemical synthesis. A reversible cycle to form alane electrochemically using NaAlH{sub 4} in THF been successfully demonstrated. Alane is isolated as the triethylamine (TEA) adduct and converted to unsolvated alane by heating under vacuum. To complete the cycle, the starting alanate can be regenerated by direct hydrogenation of the dehydrided alane and the alkali hydride (NaH) This novel reversible cycle opens the door for alane to fuel the hydrogen economy.
Cross-borehole tomography in anisotropic media (1992)

Abstract Anisotropy has significant effect on traveltime cross-borehole tomography. Even relatively weak anisotropy cannot be ignored if accurate velocity estimates are desired, since isotropic traveltime tomography treats anisotropy as inhomogeneity. Traveltime data in our examples were synthetically generated by a ray-tracing code for anisotropic media, and the computed quasi-P-wave traveltimes were subsequently inverted using the "dual tomography" technique (Carrion, 1991). The results of the tomographic inversion show typical artifacts due to the anisotropy, and that accurate imaging is impossible without taking the anisotropy into account.
Recovering code to documentation links in OO systems (2003)

Software system documentation is almost always expressed informally, in natural language and free text. Examples include requirement specifications, design documents, user manual pages, system development journals, error logs and related maintenance reports. We propose an approach to establish and maintain traceability links between the source code and free-text documents. A premise of our work is that programmers use meaningful names for program's items, such as functions, variables, types, classes and methods. We believe that the application domain knowledge that programmers process when writing the code is often captured by the mnemonics for identifiers; therefore, the analysis of these mnemonics can help to associate high-level concepts with program concepts, and vice versa. In this paper, the approach is applied to software written in an object-oriented (OO) language, namely C++, to trace classes to manual sections.
Dynamical analysis reveals individuality of locomotion in goldfish (2004)

Goldfish swimming was analysed quantitatively to determine if it exhibits distinctive individual spatio-temporal patterns. Due to the inherent variability in fish locomotion, this hypothesis was tested using five nonlinear measures, complemented by mean velocity. A library was constructed of 75 trajectories, each of 5 min duration, acquired from five fish swimming in a constant and relatively homogeneous environment. Three nonlinear measures, the 'characteristic fractal dimension' and 'Richardson dimension', both quantifying the degree to which a trajectory departs from a straight line, and 'relative dispersion', characterizing the variance as a function of the duration, have coefficients of variation less than 7%, in contrast to mean velocity (30%). A discriminant analysis, or classification system, based on all six measures revealed that trajectories are indeed highly individualistic, with the probability that any two trajectories generated from different fish are equivalent being less than 1%. That is, the combination of these measures allows a given trajectory to be assigned to its source with a high degree of confidence. The Richardson dimension and the 'Hurst exponent', which quantifies persistence, were the most effective measures.
Autonomous way-point tracking navigation of surveying surface vessel with real-time positioning system (2015)

This paper presents design and development of a long-range Autonomous Surface Vessel (ASV) for surveying water resources. This surface vessel, equipped with an echo sounder, can record and report a depth measurement in realtime for water-management purpose. This surface vessel, propelled by a 25-hp outboard engine and turned by a hydraulic steering, can be operated in either remote control or autonomous control modes. In the autonomous mode, a waypoint tracking algorithm using PID controllers adjusts heading direction to follow two-waypoint bearing as well as engine speed to ease vessel turning. Both vessel heading and position, respectively measured from IMU and GPS, are feedback signals to the waypoint-tracking controller, processed with an on-board embedded computer. Nevertheless, detecting the vessel location in vast area is a difficult task, a web application combining with Google map is implemented to report a real-time position of this surface vessel. A 3G wide-area communication is employed to transfer the data through Socket. IO using UDP for fast communication.
ThreatVectors: contextual workflows and visualizations for rapid cyber event triage (2017)

Cyber security operations face a daily flood of security events generated by automated security tools and analytics. These events must be rapidly and accurately triaged to remove false positives and focus investigations on those presenting the greatest risks to the enterprise and requiring immediate remediation. We introduce ThreatVectors as a contextual triage workflow and event visualization tool to aid operators in event triage. ThreatVectors use a streaming event processing framework for event correlation, aggregation and prioritization based on user definable event collections and a cyber-triage domain specific language. Triage work progress is shown using a novel progress bar matrix. Event collection visualization includes abstract event thumbnails for event overview and a dynamic filtering mechanism based on metafield hierarchies. Bulk adjudication of filtered event views and event clusters is supported. User testing on large enterprise networks indicates the approach has significant potential for aiding in identifying multievent campaigns, supporting collaborative triage and reducing total time spent triaging events.
Space-time block coding in MIMO cognitive networks with known channel correlations (2008)

We consider a spectrum sharing based cognitive radio network where a secondary mulitple-input multiple-output (MIMO) communication link coexists with a primary user by opportunistically utilizing the transmit spectrum originally allocated to the primary user. The secondary link employs orthogonal space-time block coding (OSTBC) at the transmitter and maximum likelihood (ML) decoding at the receiver. For this system, we focus on designing linear precoders assuming the knowledge of the transmit antenna fading correlations for both the secondary-transmitter to primary-receiver (ST-PR) and secondary-transmitter to secondary-receiver (ST-SR) links at the secondary transmitter. Given a limited power budget of the secondary transmitter, the precoder is designed to minimize the minimum-distance average pair-wise error probability (PEP) of the secondary user subject to the average interference-power constraint at the primary receiver. We present two sub-optimal solutions based on the eigen-beamforming on ST-SR channel and interference nulling on ST-PR channel. Simulation results are shown to compare the performance of these precoding schemes.
Submission letter to the NSW Sentencing Council (2014)

Re: Bail - Additional show cause offences\nWe refer to the Attorney General's request for the Sentencing Council to consider a proposal to make amendments to the Bail Act 2013 (NSW) ('the 2013 Act') and specifically the Terms of Reference regarding the addition to the categories of offences for which the accused must 'show cause' before bail may be granted. The specific addition under consideration is with respect to an accused charged with a serious indictable offence committed:\n• while subject to a good behaviour bond, intervention program order, intensive correction order;\n• while serving a sentence in the community; or\n• while in custody.
Performance comparisons of concatenated codes with iterative decoding for DS-CDMA systems with application to IS-95-based cellular systems (2003)

The remarkable performance of turbo codes for low SNRs in AWGN channels has encouraged the application of turbo codes to systems operating in different kind of channels. In this paper we consider an IS-95-based CDMA system operating in a multipath Rayleigh fading channel. We replace the convolutional encoder by a parallel and a serial turbo encoding scheme, and by a serial concatenation of an outer convolutional and an inner parallel turbo code, and instead of the Viterbi decoder we use iterative decoding based on the MAP algorithm. We perform BER and FER comparisons by varying system parameters such as the constraint length of the component convolutional codes, the interleaver lengths, and the wireless channel fading rate. The results obtained show that the concatenated schemes outperform the more complex convolutional scheme even for relatively short interleaving lengths, especially when FER is the desired figure of merit.
Improving Employee Performance Appraisal Method through Web-Based Appraisal Support System: System Development from the Study on Thai Companies (2007)

Employee performance appraisal is an effective way to determine the performance of the employees in an organization. A study conducted on companies in Thailand revealed that majority of the companies do not use computer-based employee appraisal system. In the traditional appraisal system, the paper-based appraisal system causes a lot of manual work, is time-consuming, not secure, not flexible, difficult to analyze the performance and see the trend of performance improvement of the employee. We have developed a web-based performance appraisal system, which provides a secure and easy way to perform the appraisal. In our system, the competencies are flexible and can be customized according to the specific job responsibility. Our system is goal-orientated as it calculates the objective scores. The system is connected to the database which is easily accessible. The first stage of our system is the 'Selection Stage' in which the managers and employees can select the competencies and objectives that they want to evaluate for performance appraisal according to the job positions. The second stage is the 'Appraisal/Evaluation Stage' where managers can rate the employees according to different priority levels of competencies and objectives. Moreover, at this stage, employees can perform self-evaluation and 360-degree evaluation for their colleagues, subordinates and managers. The final stage is the 'Development Planning Stage' where the managers and employees can compare their appraisal results, discuss and plan for future training or further steps for reaching the objectives and improving employee's competencies. From user testing, the system was found to be more efficient compared to the traditional appraisal system in the issues like: help evaluate the true abilities of employees, help employees understand organizational goals, and provide fast and effective feedback. The users found the system easy to understand and use and were more satisfied with the overall effectiveness of the system.
Botulinum toxin type B: A double-blind, placebo-controlled, safety and efficacy study in cervical dystonia (1997)

We enrolled and treated 122 patients with idiopathic cervical dystonia in a double-blind, placebo-controlled safety and efficacy study of botulinum toxin type B (BotB). Both A-responsive and A-resistant patients were enrolled. Patients received intramuscular injections of either BotB (2,500 U, 5,000 U, or 10,000 U) or placebo. The primary outcome measure of efficacy was the Toronto Western Spasmodic Torticollis Rating Scale (TWSTRS)-Total score at 4 weeks following study drug administration. Secondary measures of efficacy were TWSTRS-Severity, -Disability, and -Pain subscale scores, and Analog Pain Assessment, Investigator Global Assessment, Patient Global Assessment, and Sickness Impact Profile scores. Duration of effect was estimated with an intent-to-treat analysis of responders. Safety measures included clinical parameters, laboratory tests, and adverse events. The primary and most of the secondary analyses indicated a statistically significant treatment effect and a dose response. BotB is safe, well tolerated, and efficacious in the treatment of cervical dystonia at the doses tested.
A substance P antagonist inhibits vagally induced increase in vascular permeability and bronchial smooth muscle contraction in the guinea pig (1983)

Electrical stimulation of the cervical vagus nerve in anesthetized guinea pigs induced a rapid increase in respiratory insufflation pressure, suggesting increased airway resistance. After intravenous administration of a substance P (SP) antagonist, [D-Arg(1),D-Pro(2),D-Trp(7,9),Leu(11)]SP, the insufflation pressure response to vagal stimulation was reduced by 78% while the cardiovascular effects were unchanged. Histamine receptor-blocking agents were used to inhibit the effects of histamine release induced by the SP-antagonist. [D-Arg(1),D-Pro(2),D-Trp(7,9),Leu(11)]SP also reduced the increase in insufflation pressure caused by intravenous SP or capsaicin. The long-lasting noncholinergic contraction of the main and hilus bronchi induced by field stimulation in vitro, as well as the contractile effects of SP and capsaicin, were also blocked by the SP antagonist. The cholinergic contractions and the noncholinergic tracheal relaxation on field stimulation in vitro were, however, not blocked by the antagonist. Vagal stimulation in vivo also increased vascular permeability in the respiratory tract and esophagus, causing a subepithelial edema as indicated by Evans blue extravasation. Previous treatment with [D-Arg(1),D-Pro(2),D-Trp(7,9),Leu(11)]SP inhibited the permeability increase induced by both vagus nerve stimulation and exogenous SP. SP release from vagal sensory nerves was indirectly shown by reduction in the bronchial levels of SP after nerve stimulation in vivo. The data suggest that a major portion of the vagally or capsaicin-induced increase in smooth muscle tone is caused by SP release from sensory neurons. In addition, activation of vagal SP-containing sensory nerves induces local edema. Tracheobronchial afferent SP-containing C fibers may thus exert local control of smooth muscle tone and vascular permeability in normal and pathophysiological conditions.
Model-Based Security Vulnerability Testing (2007)

In this work we present a model-based framework for security vulnerabilities testing. Security vulnerabilities are not only related to security functionalities at the application level but are sensitive to implementation details. Thus traditional model-based approaches which elide implementation details are by themselves inadequate for testing security vulnerabilities. We propose a framework that retains the advantages of model based testing that exposes only the necessary details relevant for vulnerability testing. We define a three-model framework: a model or specification of the key aspects of the application, a model of the implementation and a model of the attacker, for automatic test case generation. This separation allows the test case generation process to test contexts missed by other model-based approaches. We also describe the key aspects of our tool that generates the tests.
Numerical Simulation of Electrical and Optical Characteristics of Multilayer Organic Light-Emitting Devices (2004)

A numerical model for the quantitative simulation of multilayer organic light-emitting devices is presented in this article. Unlike most studies published in the literature, both electrical and optical modeling are incorporated into one. The electrical modeling is based on the drift-diffusion equations that contain charge carrier drift along with field-dependent mobility, charge carrier trapping, the heterojunction interface and the recombination process. The optical modeling utilizes the optical interference effect. The input data to the simulation include material parameters, the photoluminescence of the emitting material and the device structure. Luminance, electroluminescent spectra, Commission Internationale de l'Éclairage (CIE) chromaticity coordinates and I–V characteristics can be obtained by means of the simulation. The simulation results and experimental data are in good agreement.
Surface Enhanced Raman Scattering Imaging of Developed Thin-Layer Chromatography Plates (2013)

A method for hyphenating surface enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) and thin-layer chromatography (TLC) is presented that employs silver-polymer nanocomposites as an interface. Through the process of conformal blotting, analytes are transferred from TLC plates to nanocomposite films before being imaged via SERS. A procedure leading to maximum blotting efficiency was established by investigating various parameters such as time, pressure, and type and amount of blotting solvent. Additionally, limits of detection were established for test analytes malachite green isothiocyanate, 4-aminothiophenol, and Rhodamine 6G (Rh6G) ranging from 10(-7) to 10(-6) M. Band broadening due to blotting was minimal (∼10%) as examined by comparing the spatial extent of TLC-spotted Rh6G via fluorescence and then the SERS-based spot size on the nanocomposite after the blotting process. Finally, a separation of the test analytes was carried out on a TLC plate followed by blotting and the acquisition of distance × wavenumber × intensity three-dimensional TLC-SERS plots.
Continual flow pipelines (2004)

Increased integration in the form of multiple processor cores on a single die, relatively constant die sizes, shrinking power envelopes, and emerging applications create a new challenge for processor architects. How to build a processor that provides high single-thread performance and enables multiple of these to be placed on the same die for high throughput while dynamically adapting for future applications? Conventional approaches for high single-thread performance rely on large and complex cores to sustain a large instruction window for memory tolerance, making them unsuitable for multi-core chips. We present Continual Flow Pipelines (CFP) as a new non-blocking processor pipeline architecture that achieves the performance of a large instruction window without requiring cycle-critical structures such as the scheduler and register file to be large. We show that to achieve benefits of a large instruction window, inefficiencies in management of both the scheduler and register file must be addressed, and we propose a unified solution. The non-blocking property of CFP keeps key processor structures affecting cycle time and power (scheduler, register file), and die size (second level cache) small. The memory latency-tolerant CFP core allows multiple cores on a single die while outperforming current processor cores for single-thread applications.
Outdoor PV degradation comparison (2010)

As photovoltaic (PV) penetration of the power grid increases, it becomes vital to know how decreased power output may affect cost over time. In order to predict power delivery, the decline or degradation rates must be determined accurately. At the Performance and Energy Rating Testbed (PERT) at the Outdoor Test Facility (OTF) at the National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL) more than 40 modules from more than 10 different manufacturers were compared for their long-term outdoor stability. Because it can accommodate a large variety of modules in a limited footprint the PERT system is ideally suited to compare modules side-by-side under the same conditions.