gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A dispersion based model for anaerobic digestion of solid cattle wastes in a stratified thermophilic accumulation system (2005)

A dynamic model has been developed to describe the anaerobic digestion of solid cattle waste in an accumulation system (AC). To calibrate the model an experiment was carried out at a lab-scale AC at 50 degrees C. The predicted methane production shows a very good agreement (i.e. R2 = 0.998) with the experimental data. However less agreement is evident for the intermediates. After model validation the model was applied to study the effect of different aspect ratios on the system performance. An optimum aspect ratio of 2-3 could be determined.
Hiding of phase-based stereo disparity for ghost-free viewing without glasses (2017)

When a conventional stereoscopic display is viewed without stereo glasses, image blurs, or 'ghosts', are visible due to the fusion of stereo image pairs. This artifact severely degrades 2D image quality, making it difficult to simultaneously present clear 2D and 3D contents. To overcome this limitation (backward incompatibility), here we propose a novel method to synthesize ghost-free stereoscopic images. Our method gives binocular disparity to a 2D image, and drives human binocular disparity detectors, by the addition of a quadrature-phase pattern that induces spatial subband phase shifts. The disparity-inducer patterns added to the left and right images are identical except for the contrast polarity. Physical fusion of the two images cancels out the disparity-inducer components and makes only the original 2D pattern visible to viewers without glasses. Unlike previous solutions, our method perfectly excludes stereo ghosts without using special hardware. A simple algorithm can transform 3D contents from the conventional stereo format into ours. Furthermore, our method can alter the depth impression of a real object without its being noticed by naked-eye viewers by means of light projection of the disparity-inducer components onto the object's surface. Psychophysical evaluations have confirmed the practical utility of our method.
A liquid level sensor using the absorption of guided acoustic waves (1993)

This liquid level sensor consists of a vertically movable 10-cm-long hollow cylinder with an impedance matching conic section suspended at one end of a few-meters-long magnetorestrictive wire. The wire is automatically wound up or unwound such that the cylindrical sensor element at the bottom of the wire is immersed by just a small and measurable distance into the liquid whose level is sought. Acoustic waves are launched in the wire by a pulse of current in a coil and are transmitted to the hollow cylinder through the cylindrical horn. The carrier frequency of the wave trains and the thickness of the tube are chosen so that the elastic waves strongly leak into the liquid when the hollow cylinder is immersed. The level is then determined by measuring the time-of-flight of the echo reflected at the junction between the wire and the horn, followed by taking into account a small correction term computed from the attenuation of the end echo.
MEASUREMENT OF THE RESISTIVITY OF ULTRAPURE WATER AT ELEVATED TEMPERATURES (1994)

The use of high temperature ultrapure water (70 to 95°C) has become more prevalent and important over the past few years. This paper examines the special requirements of instruments and sensors for measuring the resistivity of ultrapure water at elevated temperatures. The resistivity of theoretically pure water over a wide temperature range has been a challenging study for many years. The high sensitivity of resistivity to ionic impurities has been a dominating factor in the widespread use of the resistivity measurement for determining water quality. This sensitivity, however, declines with increasing temperature. At 25.0°C, pure water has a theoretical resistivity of 18.18 MΩ-cm. If 1.0 µg/L of impurity, calculated as sodium chloride, is added to pure water, the resistivity decreases 3.9% to 17.5 MΩ-cm. However at 100°C, where the resistivity of pure water is 1.29 MΩ-cm, 1.0 µg/L of impurity decreases the resistance only 0.8% to 1.28 MΩ-cm. To simplify the comparison of solution purity at different temperatures, the industry refers resistivity measurements to a standard temperature of 25.0°C. Modern instrumentation contains sensors for both conductivity and temperature and an algorithm for calculating what the resistivity would be at the standard temperature. This paper will discuss the influence of sensor, instrumental and algorithm variables on the accuracy of ultrapure water measurements at elevated temperature. The resistivity and conductivity of ultra pure water have been redetermined both theoretically and experimentally and the new data summarized.
Overcoming Cross-Gender Differences and Challenges in Le Fort–Based, Craniomaxillofacial Transplantation With Enhanced Computer-Assisted Technology (2013)

On the basis of our results, we believe that cross-gender facial transplantation can offer equivalent, anatomical skeletal outcomes to those of sex-matched pairs using preoperative planning and custom guides for execution. Lack of literature discussion of cross-gender facial transplantation highlights the general stigmata encompassing the subject. We hypothesize that concerns over sex-specific anthropometrics, skin texture/adnexae disparity, and increased immunological resistance have prevented full acceptance thus far. Advantages include an increased donor pool with expedited reconstruction, as well as size-matched donors.
High-Conductivity Adhesive for Light-Emitting Diode Die-Attachment by Low-Temperature Sintering of Micrometer-Sized Ag Particles (2012)

A paste composed of micrometer-sized Ag particles and an organic solvent formed a soft porous bonding layer under atmospheric conditions at 200 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">°</sup> C and above. Using this Ag paste for die-bonding of a light-emitting diode (LED) resulted in excellent thermal resistance and reliability. Ag/Ag interactions are thought to be responsible for internal bonding, and the Ag paste does not bond strongly to other materials. To ameliorate this, polymer particles were added to the Ag paste. The flow starting temperature of the polymer did not hinder the sintering of Ag particles, and the melted polymer particles served as an adhesive. The polymer-containing Ag paste had a lower specific resistance than that of the conventional conductive adhesives, so could be treated using low-temperature processes. The presence of polymer improved the die-shearing strength during the bonding of LED die to the plastic substrate.
A New Hybrid Ant Colony Algorithm for Solving Vehicle Scheduling Problem (2012)

Because of the shortcomings of the general ant colony alogrithm in the vehicle scheduling problem such as being slow convergence in the early stages,proposes a new hybrid algorithm combining genetic algorithm with implicit parallet function.The encoding and mutation operation basing on the the ant colony algorithm improves the efficiency of solving the optimal distribution path. The vehicle scheduling model and the experimental data showes that the hybrid ant colony algorithm has not only faster converge speed but also the ability to obtain the global optimal solution in a relatively short period. Keyword: Vehicle Scheduling;Ant Colony Algorithm;Genetic Algorithm;Covergence Speed
Anaerobic Growth of Microorganisms with Chlorate as an Electron Acceptor (1991)

The ability of microorganisms to use chlorate (ClO(3)) as an electron acceptor for respiration under anaerobic conditions was studied in batch and continuous tests. Complex microbial communities were cultivated anaerobically in defined media containing chlorate, all essential minerals, and acetate as the sole energy and carbon source. It was shown that chlorate was reduced to chloride, while acetate was oxidized to carbon dioxide and water and used as the carbon source for synthesis of new biomass. A biomass yield of 1.9 to 3.8 g of volatile suspended solids per equivalent of available electrons was obtained, showing that anaerobic growth with chlorate as an electron acceptor gives a high energy yield. This indicates that microbial reduction of chlorate to chloride in anaerobic systems is coupled with electron transport phosphorylation.
Association of a 13.6-Megadalton Plasmid in <i>Pediococcus pentosaceus</i> with Bacteriocin Activity (1985)

Pediococcus pentosaceus FBB61 and L7230, isolated from cucumber fermentations, produced a bacteriocin, designated pediocin A, which had identical activity spectra against species of Pediococcus, Clostridium, Staphylococcus, and Streptococcus. Both strains possessed a 13.6-megadalton plasmid (pMD136). Plasmid curing experiments suggested that both bacteriocin immunity and production determinants were encoded by pMD136. Use of pediocin-producing strains in food fermentations is discussed.
The Use of Computers to Aid the Teaching of Creative Writing (1983)

The paper describes a computer-based creative writing scheme devised at the Department of Artificial Intelligence, Edinburgh University. The computer programs offer powerful and general language learning aids—a sentence generator, a story planner, a text transformer, and an automated thesaurus-which a child may use to compose and alter text and to explore the structure of language. Being tools rather than teaching systems they are not tied to a particular syllabus and, as the linguistic information is held in simple data files, the programs may be used to manipulate other languages, from Latin to mathematical expressions. The paper begins with an analysis of the writing process, followed by a description of the programs and the written teaching material and, lastly, an account of a project in which eleven-year-old children used the programs as part of a creative writing scheme.
Selective effects of aniracetam across receptor types and forms of synaptic facilitation in hippocampus (1991)

Aniracetam reversibly increased synaptic responses mediated by the AMPA but not the NMDA subclass of glutamate receptors in hippocampus and was considerably more potent than structurally similar nootropics. The drug had greater effects on field excitatory postsynaptic potentials (EPSPs) in the dentate gyrus and CA1 region than it did in the CA3 region, suggesting that it differentiates between variants of the AMPA receptor. Ligand binding to glutamate receptors in synaptosomal membrane fractions was minimally changed by aniracetam. Finally, the percent facilitation produced by aniracetam in the CA1 region was not reduced by any of three treatments (4-aminopyridine, changes in extracellular calcium concentrations, paired-pulse stimulation) that affect release but, in accord with a previous report, was substantially decreased by long-term potentiation. These results support the conclusion that aniracetam selectively increases the conductance of a subgroup of synaptic AMPA receptors in hippocampus and suggest that receptor changes underlie the expression of long-term potentiation.
Coupling efficiency of the optics in single-mode and multimode fiber components (1981)

Many components for use with optical fibers include some form of optics (lenses, mirrors, etc.) to collect the light from an input fiber and couple it to an output fiber. In these components the imperfections and misalignments of the optics usually result in significant contributions to the losses of the components. We have developed, and demonstrated, techniques for efficiently characterizing and analyzing the effects of these imperfections and misalignments in components for use with single-mode and multimode fibers. The single-mode technique is based on diffraction theory, and the multimode technique is based on geometrical optical ray tracing.
Laser-induced optical breakdown effects of micro-lens arrays and diffractive optical elements on ex vivo porcine skin after 1064 nm picosecond laser irradiation (2020)

The current study aims to investigate the effects of micro-lens arrays (MLA) and diffractive optical elements (DOE) on skin tissue via intra-dermal laser-induced optical breakdown (LIOB) after irradiation of 1064-nm picosecond laser light at high energy settings. Irradiation with MLA and DOE was tested on dimming paper, tissue-mimicking phantom, and dark pigmented porcine skin to quantitatively compare distributions of micro-beams, micro-bubbles, and laser-induced vacuoles in the skin. DOE yielded more uniform distributions of the micro-beams on the paper and laser-induced micro-bubbles in the phantom, compared to MLA. The <i>ex vivo</i> skin test confirmed that the DOE-assisted irradiation accompanied more homogeneous generation of the micro-beams on the tissue surface (deviation of ≤ 3%) and a high density of small laser-induced vacuoles (∼78 µm) in the dermis than the MLA-assisted irradiation (deviation of ∼26% and ∼163 µm). The DOE-assisted picosecond laser irradiation may help to achieve deep and uniformly-generated vacuolization under the basal membrane after intra-dermal LIOB for effective fractional skin treatment.
Hyperthermia for Brain Tumors (1981)

Hyperthermia has great potential as an antineoplastic agent because: (a) it is effective against relatively radioresistant hypoxic cells and cells in S phase; (b) unlike most chemotherapeutic agents, it is effective against poorly vascularized and metabolically quiescent tissues; (c) as a physical agent, its biological effect is related to the duration and intensity of its application; (d) it seems to have no cumulative toxicity; and (e) it potentiates the effects of both chemotherapy and ionizing radiation at the cellular level. The use of hyperthermia for malignant brain tumors is constrained by a relatively narrow therapeutic index and the considerable thermal sensitivity of normal neural tissue. Glioblastoma multiforme, by virtue of its low growth fraction and heterogeneous cell populations, seems to be an ideal candidate for hyperthermia administered as part of a combined modality treatment program. Focal hyperthermia can be produced by a number of energy sources, including those utilizing ultrasound, microwave, and radiofrequency generators. The clinical safety and feasibility of a miniature microwave radiator/sensor system for direct implantation have been demonstrated. In comparison to normal feline brain, malignant brain tumors in humans are unable to dissipate heat efficiently.
Homozygous loss of the p15INK4B gene (and not the p16INK4 gene) during tumor progression in a sporadic melanoma patient. (1995)

Homozygous deletions of 9p21, including the cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor genes p16INK4 and p15INK4B, have been reported frequently in melanoma (as well as other tumor) cell lines. Germline mutations within the p16INK4 gene have also been described in a proportion of familial melanoma kindreds, suggesting that p16INK4 is the 9p21 "melanoma" gene. We have previously concluded that deletion of this chromosomal region can occur early (before metastasis) and in vivo in sporadic melanoma due to the identification of identical hemizygous losses on 9p21 in six autologous melanoma cell lines established from an individual patient (DX). These related cell lines have now been used to evaluate the timing of deletion/mutation of the p16INK4 and p15INK4B genes during tumor progression in melanoma. Surprisingly, homozygous deletions of a < or = 200-kb region surrounding p15INK4B, but not p16INK4, were detected in all six cell lines. Furthermore, single strand conformation polymorphism and sequencing analysis of the remaining p16INK4 allele in each case revealed only one intragenic mutation (in DX-6), whereas Western analysis provided evidence that p16INK4 protein was expressed in all six instances. These findings, taken together with those generated on other unrelated melanoma tumors and cell lines, suggest that hemizygous loss (or haplo-insufficiency) of the p16INK4 gene may be enough to place a melanocyte on a tumor pathway, and/or that the p16INK4 gene is not the sole 9p21 locus targeted in sporadic melanoma.
Class-D zero-voltage-switching inverter with only one shunt capacitor (1992)

A class-D zero-voltage-switching (also called soft-switching) inverter with only one capacitor in parallel with either transistor, along with an approximate analysis and experimental results, is introduced. The inverter offers both zero turn-on and zero turn-off switching losses, yielding high efficiency at high frequencies. In addition, soft switching reduces switching noise associated with the high-frequency ringing at the switching instants. The transistor voltage stresses are low, similar to those in conventional class-D and pulse-width-modulated inverters. This permits the use of low-on-resistance MOSFETs, reducing the conduction losses. A 50 W class-D inverter was built and tested. The theoretical and experimental results were in good agreement. The inverter combines, low transistor peak voltages and low conduction losses, as in PWM converters, with low switching losses and low noise as in single-ended resonant convertors.
Respect Thy Neighbor! (2004)

The tissue microenvironment surrounding tumor cells may not be just a passive bystander during tumorigenesis. In their Perspective, [Radisky and Bissell][1] discuss new work showing that mice with stromal cells unable to respond to the cytokine TGF-rapidly develop epithelial tumors ([ Bhowmick et al .][2]). The Perspective authors explore the implications of the finding that stromal cells are a protective influence on epithelial cells, preventing them from becoming tumorigenic.

 [1]: http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/full/303/5659/775
 [2]: http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/short/303/5659/848
Pre-mRNA splicing alters mRNP composition: evidence for stable association of proteins at exon–exon junctions (2000)

We provide direct evidence that pre-mRNA splicing alters mRNP protein composition. Using a novel in vitro cross-linking approach, we detected several proteins that associate with mRNA exon-exon junctions only as a consequence of splicing. Immunoprecipitation experiments suggested that these proteins are part of a tight complex around the junction. Two were identified as SRm160, a nuclear matrix-associated splicing coactivator, and hPrp8p, a core component of U5 snRNP and spliceosomes. Glycerol gradient fractionation showed that a subset of these proteins remain associated with mRNA after its release from the spliceosome. These results demonstrate that the spliceosome can leave behind signature proteins at exon-exon junctions. Such proteins could influence downstream metabolic events in vivo such as mRNA transport, translation, and nonsense-mediated decay.
The Roles of Indoxyl Sulphate and p-Cresyl Sulphate in Patients with Chronic Kidney Disease: A Review of Therapeutic Options (2018)

Indoxyl sulphate (IS) and p-cresyl sulphate (PCS) are products of proteolytic bacterial fermentation by gut microbiota. They accumulate in the sera of patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) and have been associated with CKD progression and cardiovascular and all-cause mortality. Therapeutic strategies for lowering IS and PCS include increased clearance (enhanced dialysis), gastrointestinal sequestration (oral adsorbents), reduced synthesis (dietary protein restriction, dietary fibre augmentation and pre-, pro- or synbiotics), antioxidants and organic anion transporter modulators. This review will discuss the roles of IS and PCS as therapeutic targets and examine the clinical evidence for different treatment options and their effects on CKD and cardiovascular disease risk. We will include our group’s research with pre-, pro- and synbiotic interventions to mitigate serum uraemic toxin accumulation and modify cardiovascular and renal risk.
High-Efficiency Bidirectional Three-Phase LCC Resonant Converter With a Wide Load Range (2018)

This paper details the design and implementation of an efficient 4-kW bidirectional converter with a wide load range, based on a three-phase LCC resonant converter operated in a continuous conduction model, which has a number of advantages pertaining to a bidirectional power supply. The voltage boost-up function yields a high voltage gain without increasing the transformer turn ratio. The high switching frequency, which is achievable by using the soft-switching condition and multiphase operation, decreases the output ripple and helps minimize the size of the output filter, as the requirement for a filter changes after the power flow. Moreover, this reduction in the size of the filters yields economic advantages. In addition, because of the synchronous rectifier operation employed during switching, the conduction loss in the rectifier diode of the proposed converter is low. The direction of the output power can be changed easily, using phase control. The implemented power converter is connected to a 320-V rated generator on one side and 28-V lead-acid batteries on the other side. The functionality of the proposed converter is verified in experiments. We confirmed the high performance of the developed converter in terms of efficiency (92.2%), operable load range (0-12.5 A in step-up, and 0-142 A in step-down), and voltage ripple (0.05%).
Managing network security: Security education in the information age (1999)

Computing operates in an almost universally networked environment, but the technical aspects of information protection have not kept up. As a result, the success of information security programs has increasingly become a function of our ability to make prudent management decisions about organizational activities. Managing Network Security takes a management view of protection and seeks to reconcile the need for security with the limitations of technology.
Dynamic light scattering and ultrasonic investigations during the cure reaction of an epoxy resin (1992)

Abstract Brillouin scattering (BS), photon correlation spectroscopy (PCS), and ultrasonic (US) measurements were conducted to study the curing process of diglycidyl ether of bisphenol A with butane‐1,4‐diol at a curing temperature of 100°C. The experimental techniques probe the primary glass‐rubber transition during the curing reaction. The primary relaxation time τ obtained from the BS and US velocity and absorption increases with curing time and hence the BS experiment measures τ at earlier stages of cure than the US experiment. The relaxation times at a different extent of reaction and for different measuring temperatures are consistent with BS, US, PCS, and DSC measurements and conform to a single reduced Vogel–Fulcher–Hesse–Tamann equation. Furthermore, the US experiments show evidence of secondary relaxations in the epoxy system.
Vivian smith and the lost island (1996)

Vivian Smith and I were born together as writers at Hobart High School, in 1949. As somewhat precocious youths of fifteen and sixteen, we'd begun to discover novels and poetry outside the prescribed channels: we'd passed through what we called our Oscar Wilde and Ernest Hemingway periods, and had discovered Australian poetry. Or rather, Vivian had discovered it, and now showed me where it could be found.