gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Auxetic polypropylene fibres:Part 1 - Manufacture and characterisation (2002)

AbstractAbstractThe term 'auxetic' is applied to materials that possess a negative Poisson's ratio ν. The use of auxetic polymers has been limited because of problems with deploying them in their fabricated forms, i.e. as 10 mm diameter cylinders. This paper reports the successful development of a processing route to produce a more useful and usable form of auxetic polymeric material, namely fibres. A conventional polymer processing technique (melt spinning) is the basis of this technique, with novel modifications. Video extensometry was used to measure the Poisson's ratio and a value of ν = -0.60±0.05 was obtained.
A 12b 160MS/s synchronous two-step SAR ADC achieving 20.7fJ/step FoM with opportunistic digital background calibration (2014)

A 12b two-step pipelined SAR ADC reports a 66.7dB SNDR and an 86.9dB SFDR for a 5MHz sinusoidal input at 160MS/s. A digital background calibration based on opportunistic PN injection treats both DAC mismatch and residue-amplifier gain errors. The calibration enables a significant downsizing of the ADC input capacitance to yield a wideband, highly linear input network and an over-80dB SFDR while digitizing inputs from DC to 300MHz at full speed. The conversion FoM of this ADC is 20.7fJ/step at Nyquist. The prototype occupies an active area of 0.042mm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> in a 40nm CMOS low-leakage digital process.
Control and estimation with threshold sensing for Inertial Measurement Unit calibration using a piezoelectric microstage (2014)

A threshold sensing strategy for improving measurement accuracy of a piezoelectric microactuator in calibration of miniature Inertial Measurement Units (IMUs) is presented. An asynchronous threshold sensor is hypothesized as a way to improve state estimates obtained from analog sensor measurements of microactuator motion. To produce accurate periodic signals using the proposed piezoelectric actuator and sensing arrangement, an Iterative Learning Control (ILC) is employed. Three sensing strategies: (i) an analog sensor alone with a Kalman filter; (ii) an analog sensor and threshold sensor with a Kalman filter; and (iii) an analog sensor and threshold sensor with a Kalman smoother are compared in simulation and single-axis experiments. Results show that incorporating threshold sensors in a projected low-noise environment based on capacitive sensing will produce high-accuracy velocity measurements at certain fixed angles, while experimental testing with less reliable piezoelectric sensing shows improved estimation accuracy at all velocities and positions.
Directly patterned inorganic hardmask for EUV lithography (2011)

This paper describes a metal oxide patternable hardmask designed for EUV lithography. The material has imaged 15-nm half-pitch by projection EUV exposure on the SEMATECH Berkeley MET, and 12-nm half-pitch by electron beam exposure. The platform is highly absorbing (16 μm<sup>-1</sup>) and etch resistant (>100:1 for silicon). These properties enable resist film thickness to be reduced to 20nm, thereby reducing aspect ratio and susceptibility to pattern collapse. New materials and processes show a path to improved photospeed. This paper also presents data for on coating uniformity, metal-impurity content, outgassing, pattern transfer, and resist strip.
69.2: Designing Strong Glass for Mobile Devices (2009)

Abstract Compared to plastic, glass is tougher, scratch resistant, offers optical quality and a richer look for consumer electronic applications. The mechanical performance of silicate glasses can be improved via ion‐exchange in molten salts. Variables that affect the ion‐exchange process, such as glass composition, thermal history, time, temperature, and bath chemistry will be discussed.
Synchronized delivery of inspired nitric oxide : effects on oxygenation and pulmonary tension during artificial ventilation. (2002)

Nitric oxide (NO) is a mediator of vascular smooth muscle tension that metabolises rapidly in blood. NO delivered by inhalation can therefore be used as a selective pulmonary vasodilator to relieve pulmonary hypertension or to improve oxygenation with no systemic effects. In artificial ventilation nitric oxide has been administered in inspiration gas as a continuous gas flow or to form constant inspired concentration. Homogeneous inspired gas mixture has been regarded essential for successful therapy and the therapy has been characterized by the mixture NO concentration. The response in oxygenation on NO therapy has, however, been variable. Administration of NO as a short pulse synchronously with inspiration has been suggested to improve the response. In this study the NO administration was examined theoretically and experimentally with the aim to relieve pulmonary hypertension and improve oxygenation during artificial ventilation. For the experimental study a system for the synchronized administration was developed. The effect on oxygenation was studied during equine anaesthesia where hypoxemia develops regularly secondary to left-to-right shunt caused by atelectasis. By administering the NO as a short pulse in early inspiration to well ventilated lung areas the oxygenation could be effectively improved. Delayed administration to low ventilated lung areas was found possible for a negative contribution on oxygenation, which reduces the improvement gained in the well-ventilated lung areas. When NO is delivered into the whole inspiration, the net effect on oxygenation is the sum of these negative and positive contributions, whereas with pulsed delivery to the early inspiration the negative contribution can be avoided. This finding may be the main explanation for the varying response in oxygenation detected in patients as a response to NO inhalation. When the NO therapy aimed for the relief of induced pulmonary hypertension in pigs, no difference was observed between NO delivery as a short pulse or given to the whole inspiration. Maximum vasodilatation was observed with 105 nmol/min delivery rate. A larger delivery rate only contributed to an abrupt increase in pulmonary pressure at cessation of the delivery. The NO uptake from alveoli to tissue depends on the alveolar NO partial pressure. In a simulation this partial pressure was shown to be independent of the administration mode. Also the relationship between the NO uptake and delivery setting was not explicit. With pulsed delivery, expired NO can be reduced which was confirmed by the experimental results. This is important when the NO therapy is given in rebreathing circuit.
Molecular identification and nanoremediation of microbial contaminants in algal systems using untreated wastewater Part B Pesticides, food contaminants, and agricultural wastes (2016)

Wastewater-algal biomass is a promising option to biofuel production. However, microbial contaminants constitute a substantial barrier to algal biofuel yield. A series of algal strains, Nannochloris oculata and Chlorella vulgaris samples (n = 30), were purchased from the University of Texas, and were used for both stock flask cultures and flat-panel vertical bioreactors. A number of media were used for isolation and differentiation of potential contaminants according to laboratory standards (CLSI). Conventional PCR amplification was performed followed by 16S rDNA sequencing to identify isolates at the species level. Nanotherapeutics involving a nanomicellar combination of natural chitosan and zinc oxide (CZNPs) were tested against the microbial lytic groups through Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) tests and Transmission Electronic Microscopy (TEM). Results indicated the presence of Pseudomonas spp., Bacillus pumilus/ safensis, Cellulosimicrobium cellulans, Micrococcus luteus and Staphylococcus epidermidis strains at a substantial level in the wastewater-fed algal reactors. TEM confirmed the effectiveness of CZNPs on the lytic group while the average MICs (mg/mL) detected for the strains, Pseudomonas spp, Micrococcus luteus, and Bacillus pumilus were 0.417, 3.33, and 1.458, respectively. Conclusively, CZNP antimicrobials proved to be effective as inhibitory agents against currently identified lytic microbial group, did not impact algae cells, and shows promise for in situ interventions.
Open surface flotation method for extracted crude oil. [Patent application] (1981)

A method is described for the separation of extracted viscous crude oil placed in a reservoir of an opened cell. Materials such as oil shale, oil sand, or tar sand may be involved. Hot water is introduced to the top surface of the reservoir material in the cell while steam is injected into a steam gallery running through the cell. The hot water and steam may contain a surfactant. The bouyancy of the crude oil creates an artificial water drive which causes the water and oil to 'flip-flop' so that the oil rises to the top of the reservoir and separates from the remainder of the reservoir material. This separated oil may be removed from the cell and the remaining material disposed of.
High-resolution mid-IR spectrometer based on frequency upconversion (2012)

We demonstrate a novel approach for high-resolution spectroscopy based on frequency upconversion and postfiltering by means of a scanning Fabry-Perot interferometer. The system is based on sum-frequency mixing, shifting the spectral content from the mid-infrared to the near-visible region allowing for direct detection with a silicon-based CCD camera. This approach allows for low noise detection even without cooling of the detector. A setup is realized for the 3 μm regime with a spectral resolution of 0.2 nm using lithium niobate as the nonlinear material and mixing with a single-frequency 1064 nm laser. We investigate water vapor emission lines from a butane burner and compare the measured results to model data. The presented method we suggest to be used for real-time monitoring of specific gas lines and reference signals.
Wideband transducers for improved control of interstitial heating patterns (2002)

The feasibility of using multilayered transducers for variable frequency interstitial ultrasound thermal therapy was investigated. KLM calculations and experimental measurements evaluated the ability to transmit high intensity ultrasound at multiple frequencies from a single transducer. Heating simulations demonstrated the improved control over lesion depth with this design. Using a quarter wavelength PZT front "mismatching" layer, two transmission bands at 3.5 and 7.5 MHz were possible, resulting in the ability to control the lesion depth by a factor of 1.5 in tissue.
Temperature effect of the pH-ISFET based on the sol-gel prepared SnO 2 membrane (2001)

The temperature effect is an important factor for the deviation of the pH-ISFET (ion sensitive field effect transistor). In this paper, we use the SnO<SUB>2</SUB> as the pH sensing membrane to investigate the temperature characteristics of the pH-ISFET. The SnO<SUB>2</SUB> membrane was prepared by the sol-gel technology. We use the tin (II) chloride dihydrate (SnCl<SUB>2</SUB>(DOT)2H<SUB>2</SUB>O) and ethanol to synthesize the sol of the SnO<SUB>2</SUB> thin film. For the sol-gel prepared SnO<SUB>2</SUB>, the cost is lower than other methods.The Keithley 236 instrument was used to measure the I<SUB>DS</SUB> - V<SUB>G</SUB> curves of the SnO<SUB>2</SUB> gate pH-ISFET for different pH buffer solutions form ranging temperature 15 degree(s)C - 45 degree(s)C. According to the experimental results we can obtain the sensitivities for different operation temperatures. The sensitivity is increased with increasing temperature. The TCS (temperature coefficient of the sensitivity) is also calculated.
Superfluid Stirling refrigerator with a counterflow regenerator (1992)

The superfluid Stirling refrigerator (SSR) uses a [sup 3]He-[sup 4]He liquid mixture as a working fluid. It operates at temperatures below 2 K where the [sup 4]He component of the working fluid is superfluid. The [sup 3]He component of the working fluid, to first approximation, behaves thermodynamically like an ideal gas in the inert background of superfluid [sup 4]He. Using pistons equipped with a superleak bypass, it is possible to expand and compress the [sup 3]He solute gas.'' The SSR is a Stirling machine equipped with these superleaked'' pistons to take advantage of the properties of the [sup 3]He solute to cool below 1 K. The proof of principle was shown by Kotsubo and Swift in 1990. There are three other techniques for cooling below 1 K: (1) the [sup 3]He-[sup 4]He dilution refrigerator which utilizes the endothermic heat of mixing of [sup 3]He into [sup 4]He to reach temperatures below 0.010 K; (2) the evaporation of [sup 3]He which can reach temperatures of 0.3 K; and, (3) adiabatic demagnetization of a paramagnetic salt. There are several advantages of the SSR over each of the other techniques. The power consumption of a dilution refrigerator is typically on the order ofmore » kilowatts; whereas, the SSR consumes hundreds of watts. The SSR has the potential to cool below 0.3 K and out-perform the evaporative [sup 3]He refrigerator. Adiabatic demagnetization often requires magnetic shielding between the refrigerator and the object to be cooled; obviously, the SSR requires no such shielding. There is an interest in developing subkelvin cryocoolers for satellite-borne X-ray and infrared detectors. In space applications, the power consumption of an SSR can be reduced to tens of watts. This coupled with the SSR's insensitivity to a zero G environment makes it an attractive option to cool detectors in space.« less
Xist recruits the X chromosome to the nuclear lamina to enable chromosome-wide silencing (2016)

The Xist long noncoding RNA orchestrates X chromosome inactivation, a process that entails chromosome-wide silencing and remodeling of the three-dimensional (3D) structure of the X chromosome. Yet, it remains unclear whether these changes in nuclear structure are mediated by Xist and whether they are required for silencing. Here, we show that Xist directly interacts with the Lamin B receptor, an integral component of the nuclear lamina, and that this interaction is required for Xist-mediated silencing by recruiting the inactive X to the nuclear lamina and by doing so enables Xist to spread to actively transcribed genes across the X. Our results demonstrate that lamina recruitment changes the 3D structure of DNA, enabling Xist and its silencing proteins to spread across the X to silence transcription.
Guidance Performance Indicator &#8212; Web Metrics for Information Driven Web Sites (2005)

For the evaluation of Web sites, a multitude of metrics are available. Apart from general statistical measures, success metrics reflect the degree to which a Web site achieves its defined objectives. Particularly metrics for e-commerce sites based on transaction analysis are commonly available and well understood. In contrast to transaction based sites, the success of Web sites geared toward information delivery is harder to quantify since there is no direct feedback of user intent. User feedback is only directly available on transactional Web sites. We introduce a metric to measure the success of an information driven Web site in meeting its objective to deliver the desired information in a timely and usable fashion. We propose to assign a value to each click based on the type of transition, duration and semantic distance. These values are then combined into a scoring model describing the success of a Web site in meeting its objectives. The resulting metric is introduced as the GPI and its applicability shown on a large corporate Web site.
Characteristics of a PCR‐Based Assay for <i>In Planta</i> Detection of <i>Xanthomonas campestris</i> pv. <i>pelargonii</i> (1996)

Abstract Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) amplification was carried out with a primer pair targeting a sequence in the genome of Xanthomonas campestris pv. pelargonii , the causative agent of bacterial blight in geraniums. PCR amplification with the primer pair XcpMl/XcpM2 using total nucleic acid preparations from 22 geographicallydiverse isolates of X. campestris pv. pelargonii generated a major 197 bp DNA product. In contrast, no major amplification products were consistently generated from 12 other pathovars of X. campestris or from 19 isolates representing 10 different plant pathogenic bacteria, including two other bacterial pathogens of geraniums, Corynebacterium fascians and Pseudomonas cichorii . After PCR using this primer pair, between 1380 and 13800 copies of the X, campestris pv. pelargonii bacterial DNA target as template were detected by ethidium bromide staining of agarose gels, and between 13.8 and 138 copies by blot hybridization to a pathovar‐specific biotinylated probe. Similarly, between 630 and 6300 colonyforming units (CFU) of X. campestris pv. pelargonii could be detected after ethidium bromide staining of agarose gels, and between 63 and 630 CFU after blot hybridization. The PCR‐based assay was used to identify X. campestris pv. pelargonii in diseased geraniums; whereas discrete amplification products were not obtained with healthy plants.
Body-Insensitive Multimode MIMO Terminal Antenna of Double-Ring Structure (2015)

In this paper, we propose a novel multimode multi-input multi-output (MIMO) antenna system composed of a dual-element MIMO cellular antenna and dual-element MIMO Wi-Fi antenna for mobile terminal applications. The antenna system has a double-ring structure and can be integrated with the metal frame of mobile terminals. With the multimode excitation, the MIMO cellular antenna can operate at 830-900 MHz, 1700-2200 MHz, and 2400-2700 MHz, for 2G, 3G, and LTE bands, respectively. The MIMO Wi-Fi antenna can cover two Wi-Fi bands from 2.4 to 2.5 GHz and from 5.2 to 5.8 GHz. The effect of a user's body on the MIMO cellular antenna is investigated on CTIA standard phantoms and a real user. Since our antenna mainly operates in the loop mode, it has a much lower efficiency loss than conventional mobile antennas in both talking and data modes. Our theoretical analysis and experiments have shown that our design has low body loss and an attractive industrial design.
Identity of a second type of allatostatin from cockroach brains: an octadecapeptide amide with a tyrosine-rich address sequence. (1991)

An octadecapeptide that inhibits juvenile hormone synthesis has been isolated by HPLC from brain-retrocerebral complexes of the cockroach Diploptera punctata. The primary structure of this allatostatin has been elucidated by tandem mass spectrometry: Ala-Tyr-Ser-Tyr-Val-Ser-Glu-Tyr-Lys-Arg-Leu-Pro-Val-Tyr-Asn-Phe-Gly-Leu- NH2 (ASB2). The amidated three-residue C terminus of this type B allatostatin is identical to that of four known type A allatostatins, and the preceding three residues show close structural homology. ASB2 has over twice the activity of the type A tridecapeptide Ala-Pro-Ser-Gly-Ala-Gln-Arg-Leu-Tyr-Gly-Phe-Gly-Leu-NH2 (ASA1) in inhibiting juvenile hormone biosynthesis in corpora allata from females in early vitellogenesis (day 2), and its efficacy persists during pregnancy, but it is equally effective as ASA1 on glands from day-10 females (IC50 = 0.31 nM). The octadecapeptide is characterized by a potential dibasic cleavage site, Lys9-Arg10, the integrity of which is needed for high potency. The ASB2-(11-18)-octapeptide amide gives a full response at high concentrations at day 10 (IC50 = 48 nM), but the C-truncated (1-9)-, (1-11)-, and (1-17)-amide fragments of ASB2 are inactive. Thus, the endocrine message is located at the C terminus. N alpha-acetylation of the N-truncated (9-18), (10-18), and (11-18) fragments of ASB2 increases activity relative to the nonacetylated peptides. The site of action of type A and type B allatostatins is located before mevalonate kinase in the biosynthetic pathway for juvenile hormone.
A spatial and temporal probe for laser-generated plumes based on density gradients (1988)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTA spatial and temporal probe for laser-generated plumes based on density gradientsGuoying. Chen and Edward S. YeungCite this: Anal. Chem. 1988, 60, 9, 864–868Publication Date (Print):May 1, 1988Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 May 1988https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ac00160a009https://doi.org/10.1021/ac00160a009research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views60Altmetric-Citations20LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
An efficient high dimensional quantum Schur transform (2019)

The Schur transform is a unitary operator that block diagonalizes the action of the symmetric and unitary groups on an <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mml:mi>n</mml:mi></mml:math> fold tensor product <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mml:msup><mml:mi>V</mml:mi><mml:mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"><mml:mo>⊗</mml:mo><mml:mi>n</mml:mi></mml:mrow></mml:msup></mml:math> of a vector space <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mml:mi>V</mml:mi></mml:math> of dimension <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mml:mi>d</mml:mi></mml:math>. Bacon, Chuang and Harrow [5] gave a quantum algorithm for this transform that is polynomial in <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mml:mi>n</mml:mi></mml:math>, <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mml:mi>d</mml:mi></mml:math> and <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mml:mi>log</mml:mi><mml:mo>⁡</mml:mo><mml:msup><mml:mi>ϵ</mml:mi><mml:mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"><mml:mo>−</mml:mo><mml:mn>1</mml:mn></mml:mrow></mml:msup></mml:math>, where <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mml:mi>ϵ</mml:mi></mml:math> is the precision. In a footnote in Harrow's thesis [18], a brief description of how to make the algorithm of [5] polynomial in <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mml:mi>log</mml:mi><mml:mo>⁡</mml:mo><mml:mi>d</mml:mi></mml:math> is given using the unitary group representation theory (however, this has not been explained in detail anywhere). In this article, we present a quantum algorithm for the Schur transform that is polynomial in <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mml:mi>n</mml:mi></mml:math>, <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mml:mi>log</mml:mi><mml:mo>⁡</mml:mo><mml:mi>d</mml:mi></mml:math> and <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mml:mi>log</mml:mi><mml:mo>⁡</mml:mo><mml:msup><mml:mi>ϵ</mml:mi><mml:mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"><mml:mo>−</mml:mo><mml:mn>1</mml:mn></mml:mrow></mml:msup></mml:math> using a different approach. Specifically, we build this transform using the representation theory of the symmetric group and in this sense our technique can be considered a ''dual" algorithm to [5]. A novel feature of our algorithm is that we construct the quantum Fourier transform over the so called <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mml:mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"><mml:mtext class="MJX-tex-mathit" mathvariant="italic">permutation modules</mml:mtext></mml:mrow></mml:math>, which could have other applications.