gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Injectable and degradable, hydrophobically modified poly(oligoethylene glycol methacrylate) hydrogels with decoupled physicochemical and biological properties (2016)

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Non-Invasive Imaging of Cysteine Cathepsin Activity in Solid Tumors Using a 64Cu-Labeled Activity-Based Probe (2011)

The papain family of cysteine cathepsins are actively involved in multiple stages of tumorigenesis. Because elevated cathepsin activity can be found in many types of human cancers, they are promising biomarkers that can be used to target radiological contrast agents for tumor detection. However, currently there are no radiological imaging agents available for these important molecular targets. We report here the development of positron emission tomography (PET) radionuclide-labeled probes that target the cysteine cathepsins by formation of an enzyme activity-dependent bond with the active site cysteine. These probes contain an acyloxymethyl ketone (AOMK) functional group that irreversibly labels the active site cysteine of papain family proteases attached to a 1,4,7,10-tetraazacyclododecane-1,4,7,10-tetraacetic acid (DOTA) tag for labeling with (64)Cu for PET imaging studies. We performed biodistribution and microPET imaging studies in nude mice bearing subcutaneous tumors expressing various levels of cysteine cathepsin activity and found that the extent of probe uptake by tumors correlated with overall protease activity as measured by biochemical methods. Furthermore, probe signals could be reduced by pre-treatment with a general cathepsin inhibitor. We also found that inclusion of a Cy5 tag on the probe increased tumor uptake relative to probes lacking this fluorogenic dye. Overall, these results demonstrate that small molecule activity-based probes carrying radio-tracers can be used to image protease activity in living subjects.
Safety Inspection of Cantaloupes and Strawberries Using Multispectral Fluorescence Imaging Techniques (2004)

Fluorescence is widely used for investigation of biological materials, and in recent years ithas also been used to monitor food quality and safety. In this study the hyperspectral imaging systemdeveloped at the Instrumentation and Sensing Laboratory (ISL), United States Department ofAgriculture (USDA) was used to evaluate the potential for detection of animal fecal contamination oncantaloupes and strawberries. Samples obtained from a local store were rinsed and allowed to air dry.Subsequently, fresh cow feces collected from the USDA dairy were diluted 1:10, 1:50, and 1:100 byweight with H2O and applied to the samples. Samples were excited using a UVA source andfluorescence responses were measured from 430 to 770 nm. Results indicate that fluorescence imagesat 680nm exhibited the greatest contrast between treated and untreated surfaces. For cantaloupes,contrast was improved using ratio images where images at 660 nm were divided by images at 560 nm.For strawberries, contrast was improved using the ratio of images at 680 nm and 745 nm. When datawere analyzed for principle components (PC), the first four PC images exhibited useful results forcontamination detection. Leaves present a problem when trying to identify fecal contamination onstrawberries, however PC-3 provided contrast between them, creating ideal conditions for leafmasking. For cantaloupes, the PC-2 image differentiated contaminated regions. PC-1 presenteddistinctive differences between the contaminated spots and cantaloupe scarred tissue, suggestingpossible use for such discrimination.
Electrochemically Stable Coating Materials for Li, Na, and Mg Metal Anodes in Durable High Energy Batteries (2017)

Anodes made of Li, Na, or Mg metal present a rare opportunity to double the energy density of rechargeable batteries. However, these metals are highly reactive with many electrolytes and yield electronically conductive phases that allow continued electrochemical reduction of the electrolyte. This reactivity degrades cell performance over time and poses a safety risk. Surface coatings on metal anodes can limit reactivity with electrolytes and improve durability. In this paper, we screen the Open Quantum Materials Database (OQMD) to identify coatings that exhibit chemical equilibrium with the anode metals and are electronic insulators. We rank the coatings according to their electronic bandgap. We identify 92 coatings for Li anodes, 118 for Na anodes, and 97 for Mg anodes. Only two compounds that are commonly studied as Li solid electrolytes pass our screens: Li<sub>3</sub>N and Li<sub>7</sub>La<sub>3</sub>Hf<sub>2</sub>O<sub>12</sub>. Many of the coatings that we identify are new to the battery literature. We suggest further study of these coatings to validate their performance in cells.
Efficient Conditional Transgene Expression in Hepatitis C Virus cDNA Transgenic Mice Mediated by the Cre/loxP System (1998)

Conditional gene expression has greatly facilitated the examination of the functions of particular gene products. Using the Cre/loxP system, we developed efficient conditional transgene activation of hepatitis C virus (HCV) cDNA (nucleotides 294-3435) in transgenic mice. Efficient recombination was observed in transgenic mouse liver upon intravenous administration of adenovirus that expresses Cre DNA recombinase. After transgene activation, most hepatocytes were stained with anti-core polyclonal antibody, and 21-, 37-, and 64-kDa proteins were detected by Western blot analysis in liver lysates using anti-core, E1, and E2 monoclonal antibodies, respectively. Serum core protein was detected in transgenic mice 7 days after transgene activation with concurrent increases in serum alanine aminotransferase levels. Subsequently, an anti-core antibody response was detected 14 days after infection. Furthermore, a CD4 and CD8 positive cell depletion assay normalized both the serum alanine aminotransferase increases and pathological changes in the liver. These results suggest that HCV proteins are not directly cytopathic and that the host immune response plays a pivotal role in HCV infection. Thus, this HCV cDNA transgenic mouse provides a powerful tool with which to investigate the immune responses and pathogenesis of HCV infection.
Polyglycolic acid from the direct polymerization of renewable C1 feedstocks (2015)

Potentially sustainable C1 feedstocks carbon monoxide and formaldehyde are subjected to cationic alternating copolymerization to yield polyglycolic acid.
Matrix-specific p21-activated kinase activation regulates vascular permeability in atherogenesis (2007)

Elevated permeability of the endothelium is thought to be crucial in atherogenesis because it allows circulating lipoproteins to access subendothelial monocytes. Both local hemodynamics and cytokines may govern endothelial permeability in atherosclerotic plaque. We recently found that p21-activated kinase (PAK) regulates endothelial permeability. We now report that onset of fluid flow, atherogenic flow profiles, oxidized LDL, and proatherosclerotic cytokines all stimulate PAK phosphorylation and recruitment to cell-cell junctions. Activation of PAK is higher in cells plated on fibronectin (FN) compared to basement membrane proteins in all cases. In vivo, PAK is activated in atherosclerosis-prone regions of arteries and correlates with FN in the subendothelium. Inhibiting PAK in vivo reduces permeability in atherosclerosis-prone regions. Matrix-specific PAK activation therefore mediates elevated vascular permeability in atherogenesis.
Novel fine line patterning technique for submicron devices based on selective oxidation of aluminum (1983)

A novel fine line patterning technique for the fabrication of submicron devices is described. It is based on local oxidation and anisotropic dry etching of an aluminum film acting as a substitutional mask. Etch selectivities greater than 4:1 between plasma oxidized and unoxidized aluminum have been observed. 1500-Å-wide lines with essentially vertical walls have been achieved with this technique. These Al patterns can either be used directly in device structures or as masks for the etching of underlying layers.
PolyStrata® X/Ku/K/Ka-band, Dual-Polarized, Tightly Coupled Dipole Scannable Focal Plane Array (2018)

A broadband, dual-polarized array that supports both electronic scanning and fixed-beam applications in a modular, scalable architecture is presented. A tightly-coupled dipole array is designed to cover 9.5-37 GHz. Six different instrument bands, both radiometry and synthetic aperture radar (SAR), share the common aperture with co-located phase centers. Element-level diplexing is demonstrated to enable precise aperture control across all bands. Amplitude tapering is implemented with unequal power combiners to control sidelobe levels and help equalize beamwidth across frequency for feeding a reflector. Measured realized gain patterns are provided vs array code predictions and ideal directivity calculations. Better than 10 dB return loss is measured for all six instrument bands. Digital scanning of measured sub-array patterns to 30 degrees is demonstrated in MATLAB.
Outlining critical quality attributes (CQAs) as guidance for the development of orodispersible films (2016)

Despite the orodispersible films' complex composition, it was possible to establish correlations about the impact of the main excipients on the final product characteristics. Acceptable values for the CQAs were also defined, working as acceptance criteria for the development of new oral film formulations.
ChemInform Abstract: Copper‐Catalyzed Arylation of Heterocycle C—H Bonds. (2008)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Performance of OFDM-based adaptive visible light communications (2016)

In this paper, we investigate the performance of a direct current biased optical orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (DCO-OFDM) based adaptive transmission in the context of visible light communication (VLC). We consider the reference channel model (Scenario I) of IEEE 802.15.7r1 where an indoor office room is considered and channel impulse responses are presented for 24 different points. Our results reveal that high data rates such as 100 Mbps can be achieved with the choice of optimal modulation order according to channel conditions, while non-adaptive transmission based on the worst-case design provides only 14 Mbps under the consideration of target bit-error-rate (BER) of 10 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">-3</sup> .
Identification and functional validation of MHC class I epitopes in the tumor-associated antigen 5T4 (2008)

iTopia represents a rapid and high-throughput technique to identify CTL epitopes.
BBM-928, a new antitumor antibiotic complex. III. Structure determination of BBM-928 A, B and C. (1981)

Structures of antitumor antibiotics BBM-928 A, B and C have been determined. They are cyclic decadepsipeptides containing 3-hydroxy-6-methoxyquinaldic acid as a chromophore. Two amino acids, not found in nature, L-beta-hydroxyl-N-methylvaline and trans-(3S,4S)-4-hydroxy-2,3,4,5-tetrahydropyridazine-3-carboxylic acid, were identified as structural constituents of the antibiotic. In gross structure, BBM-928 resembles the echinomycin group of antibiotics which are cyclic octadepsipeptides having a quinoxaline chromophore, but BBM-928 differs from the latter group by virtue of the lack of a sulfur-containing cross linkage.
Extended Defects in CdZnTe Radiation Detectors (2009)

<para xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> Large-volume CdZnTe (CZT) single crystals with electron lifetime exceeding 10 <formula formulatype="inline"><tex Notation="TeX">$\mu{\hbox {s}}$</tex> </formula> have recently become commercially available. This opened the opportunity for making room temperature CZT gamma-ray detectors with extended thicknesses and larger effective areas. However, the extended defects that are present even in the highest-quality material remain a major drawback which affects the availability and cost of large CZT detectors. In contrast to the point defects that control electron lifetime and whose effects on the charge collection can be electronically corrected, the extended defects introduce significant fluctuations in the collected charge, which increase with a crystal's thickness. The extended defects limit the uniformity in the electrons' drift distance in CZT crystals, above which electron trapping cannot effectively be corrected. In this paper, we illustrate the roles of the extended defects in CZT detectors with different geometries. We emphasize that the crystallinity of commercial CZT materials remains a major obstacle on the path to developing thick, large-volume CZT detectors for gamma-ray imaging and spectroscopy. </para>
Solid‐state polymerization of poly(trimethylene terephthalate) (2003)

Abstract The solid‐state polymerization (SSP) of poly(trimethylene terephthalate) (PTT) has been studied and compared with that of poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET). Because PTT and PET share the same SSP mechanism, the modified second‐order kinetic model, which has successfully been used to describe the SSP behaviors of PET, also fits the SSP data of PTT prepolymers with intrinsic viscosities (IVs) ranging from 0.445 to 0.660 dL/g. According to this model, the overall SSP rate is − dC / dt = 2 k a ( C − C ai ) 2 , where C is the total end group concentration, t is the SSP time, k a is the apparent reaction rate constant, and C ai is the apparent inactive end group concentration. With this equation, the effects of all factors that influence the SSP rate are implicitly and conveniently incorporated into two parameters, k a and C ai . k a increases, whereas C ai decreases, with increasing SSP temperature, increasing prepolymer IV, and decreasing pellet size, just as for the SSP of PET. Therefore, the SSP rate increases with increasing prepolymer IV and increasing SSP temperature. The apparent activation energy is about 26 kcal/mol, and the average SSP rate about doubles with each 10°C increase in temperature within the temperature range of 200–225°C. The SSP rate increases by about 30% when the pellet size is decreased from 0.025 to 0.015 g/pellet. Compared with PET, PTT has a much lower sticking tendency and a much higher SSP rate (more than twice as high). Therefore, the SSP process for PTT can be made much simpler and more efficient than that for PET. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 89: 3188–3200, 2003
Energy Transfer Properties of Nonlinear Systems in the Frequency Domain (2004)

In this paper, an analysis of the energy transfer properties of nonlinear systems in the frequency domain is studied based on a new concept known as Nonlinear Output Frequency Response Functions (NOFRFs). The new concept allows the analysis to be implemented in a manner similar to the analysis of linear systems in the frequency domain..........
Measurement of surface features beyond the diffraction limit with an imaging ellipsometer (2002)

We report a sensitive surface and feature measurement technique that uses a novel imaging ellipsometer. Polarization signatures from unresolved subwavelength structures are utilized as a sensitive measure of linewidth. A focused beam rigorous coupled wave analysis method is developed to simulate the polarization effects from isolated subwavelength structures. Experimental results show that this technique can accurately measure linewidths down to 100 nm with an imaging system whose diffraction-limited resolution is 500 nm. The accuracy of our measurements is ~10 nm for lines that are broader than 100 nm.
Reliability and hardware implementation of rank modulation flash memory (2015)

We review a novel data representation scheme for NAND flash memory named rank modulation (RM), and discuss its hardware implementation. We show that under the normal threshold voltage (Vth) variations, RM has intrinsic read reliability advantage over conventional multiple-level cells. Test results demonstrating superior reliability using commercial flash chips are reviewed and discussed. We then present a read method based on relative sensing time, which can obtain the rank of all cells in the group in one read cycle. The improvement in reliability and read speed enable similar program-and-verify time in RM as that of conventional MLC flash.
A Data-Driven Linear Approximation of HVAC Utilization for Predictive Control and Optimization (2014)

Home energy made up nearly 25% of all energy consumed in the United States in 2010, and 31% of this energy is estimated to come from home heating, ventilation, and air conditioning systems. Yet, the inputs available to a homeowner for those systems are not easily correlated to the energy consequences, making it difficult (if not impossible) for a homeowner to choose set points to meet a budget each month. This brief presents a novel management framework targeted toward end users, which incorporates a light-weight data-driven prediction component to dynamically learn the data relationships of the underlying system and estimate its future behavior within a given time horizon. Traditional prediction methods to close the loop require a state update function, but such an approach would require installation of additional sensors, and frequent modification of the optimization functions as parameters to these state update functions change. Furthermore, disturbances in the system frequently have higher impact on performance than can be mitigated with more accurate estimates of the state update function. To mitigate these issues, this brief proposes an averaged sectional model built from sampled data, and employs linear regression to learn the data relationships that are used for prediction. In this way, it is possible to perform optimization without the need to develop more accurate state update models. The optimization component is integrated to determine how to best manage the underlying platform, based on end user defined constraints, as the underlying system or its environment changes. The results are applied to gathered data in a single-family Arizona home over several months, to demonstrate validity when applied to temperature variations introduced by daily life.
Prefix and Interval-Partitioned Dynamic IP Router-Tables (2005)

Two schemes - prefix partitioning and interval partitioning - are proposed to improve the performance of dynamic IP router-table designs. While prefix partitioning applies to all known dynamic router-table designs, interval partitioning applies to the alternative collection of binary search tree designs of Sahni and Kim [S. Sahni et al., (2004)]. Experiments using public-domain IPv4 router databases indicate that one of the proposed prefix partitioning schemes - TLDP - results in router tables that require less memory than when prefix partitioning is not used. Further significant reduction in the time to find the longest matching-prefix, insert a prefix, and delete a prefix is achieved.
Enterprise subscription churn prediction (2015)

In this paper we describe the process of building a churn prediction platform for large-scale subscription based businesses and products. These businesses are constantly innovating on customer retention methods, one of which is to predict which customer will churn in near future. We describe the decision tree model applied, going into, feature engineering, data sampling, model cost sensitization techniques and treatment of false alarms, which is very common in class imbalanced problems such as this. We describe the novel technique of using data segmentation and past prediction of the customer to further increase the precision and recall of the model. Running such a model at large-scale possesses several challenges which we cover in our description of extract, transform, and load and architecture diagram of the platform. We include an empirical proof of our model based on a novel ranking algorithm that proves that the false alarms generated by the model are logical churners. We developed novel tools of model tuning to generate three types of list of "potential churn customers" categorized into high risk, medium risk and low risk. Such a classification enables the business units to tailor customized retention strategies, since each strategy has an associated marketing cost. Further, we are able to use the decision tree to form business rules which help in better targeting the retention schemes. The Churn prediction is a continuous process and it becomes imperative to track customers. We describe the novel implementation of an index/score which we use to track and monitor customer receptiveness to retention schemes and performance over a period of time. Our platform is deployed on several eBay sites and has resulted in the increase of key business metrics. We end the paper by providing new avenues for handling the churn prediction problem better.
Extraction of DNA by Magnetic Ionic Liquids: Tunable Solvents for Rapid and Selective DNA Analysis (2015)

DNA extraction represents a significant bottleneck in nucleic acid analysis. In this study, hydrophobic magnetic ionic liquids (MILs) were synthesized and employed as solvents for the rapid and efficient extraction of DNA from aqueous solution. The DNA-enriched microdroplets were manipulated by application of a magnetic field. The three MILs examined in this study exhibited unique DNA extraction capabilities when applied toward a variety of DNA samples and matrices. High extraction efficiencies were obtained for smaller single-stranded and double-stranded DNA using the benzyltrioctylammonium bromotrichloroferrate(III) ([(C8)3BnN(+)][FeCl3Br(-)]) MIL, while the dicationic 1,12-di(3-hexadecylbenzimidazolium)dodecane bis[(trifluoromethyl)sulfonyl]imide bromotrichloroferrate(III) ([(C16BnIM)2C12(2+)][NTf2(-), FeCl3Br(-)]) MIL produced higher extraction efficiencies for larger DNA molecules. The MIL-based method was also employed for the extraction of DNA from a complex matrix containing albumin, revealing a competitive extraction behavior for the trihexyl(tetradecyl)phosphonium tetrachloroferrate(III) ([P6,6,6,14(+)][FeCl4(-)]) MIL in contrast to the [(C8)3BnN(+)][FeCl3Br(-)] MIL, which resulted in significantly less coextraction of albumin. The MIL-DNA method was employed for the extraction of plasmid DNA from bacterial cell lysate. DNA of sufficient quality and quantity for polymerase chain reaction (PCR) amplification was recovered from the MIL extraction phase, demonstrating the feasibility of MIL-based DNA sample preparation prior to downstream analysis.
Pyrrole-Based Organic Dyes for Dye-Sensitized Solar Cells (2008)

Series of dipolar dyes containing pyrrole-based conjugate spacers between arylamine donor and the 2-cyanoacrylic acid acceptor have been synthesized. These compounds exhibit both π−π*and charge-transfer transition in the absorption spectra. Quantum computation results indicate that the pyrrole moieties have larger dihedral angles with its neighboring units, leading to less interaction between the units and, therefore, better charge separation. It also acts as a secondary electron donor upon photoexcitation. The oxidation potentials of arylamine in these compounds are affected by the heteroaromatic conjugated spacers. Dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs) using these materials as the sensitizers exhibit good performance, with conversion efficiencies ranging from 4.77% to 6.18%. These values are 66−86% of the standard cell from N719 (7.19%).