gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Review of Emerging Pharmacotherapy for the Treatment of Coronavirus Disease 2019 (2020)

The outbreak of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has evolved into an emergent global pandemic. Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) can manifest on a spectrum of illness from mild disease to severe respiratory failure requiring intensive care unit admission. As the incidence continues to rise at a rapid pace, critical care teams are faced with challenging treatment decisions. There is currently no widely accepted standard of care in the pharmacologic management of patients with COVID-19. Urgent identification of potential treatment strategies is a priority. Therapies include novel agents available in clinical trials or through compassionate use, and other drugs, repurposed antiviral and immunomodulating therapies. Many have demonstrated in vitro or in vivo potential against other viruses that are similar to SARS-CoV-2. Critically ill patients with COVID-19 have additional considerations related to adjustments for organ impairment and renal replacement therapies, complex lists of concurrent medications, limitations with drug administration and compatibility, and unique toxicities that should be evaluated when utilizing these therapies. The purpose of this review is to summarize practical considerations for pharmacotherapy in patients with COVID-19, with the intent of serving as a resource for health care providers at the forefront of clinical care during this pandemic.
Review article: pharmacological treatment of the hepatorenal syndrome in cirrhotic patients (2000)

Renal failure is common in patients who are dying from end-stage cirrhosis, developing in 40-80% of all patients. Where there is no anatomical or pathological cause for the renal failure, it is termed the hepatorenal syndrome. When the hepatorenal syndrome develops, it will only recover when there is some degree of improvement in liver function. Thus for most patients this will occur only after liver transplantation, although the transplantation mortality is increased in this group. Hepatorenal syndrome is a common complication of alcoholic hepatitis, and this group is unusual in that with time and abstinence, significant recovery of liver function may occur. There is therefore a need for supportive therapy to allow time for some recovery of liver function in patients with alcoholic hepatitis and hepatorenal syndrome. Similarly, patients may need support whilst waiting for liver transplantation. This article reviews the pathophysiology and treatment of hepatorenal syndrome.
Cytokinins and Plant Development — An Overview (2019)

This chapter presents a summary of the involvement of cytokinins in seed germination, de novo bud formation, release of buds from apical dominance, leaf expansion, reproductive development, and senescence. The effects of cytokinins on seed germination are not as pronounced; however, numerous studies have shown that cytokinins can influence germination, particularly when conditions are suboptimal for germination. Endogenous cytokinins have been measured in germinating seeds of various species. The level of cytokinin is generally low in dry seeds and initially decreases even further, but then increases during germination. The classic studies by F. Skoog and C. O. Miller demonstrated the dramatic effects of cytokinins on shoot differentiation in tobacco callus. The endogenous cytokinins as well as the metabolism of exogenous cytokinins were determined in relation to adventitious bud regeneration. Cytokinins can inhibit oxidation and prevent the sharp rise in respiration usually occurring during senescence.
Tempered Adversarial Networks (2018)

Generative adversarial networks (GANs) have been shown to produce realistic samples from high-dimensional distributions, but training them is considered hard. A possible explanation for training instabilities is the inherent imbalance between the networks: While the discriminator is trained directly on both real and fake samples, the generator only has control over the fake samples it produces since the real data distribution is fixed by the choice of a given dataset. We propose a simple modification that gives the generator control over the real samples which leads to a tempered learning process for both generator and discriminator. The real data distribution passes through a lens before being revealed to the discriminator, balancing the generator and discriminator by gradually revealing more detailed features necessary to produce high-quality results. The proposed module automatically adjusts the learning process to the current strength of the networks, yet is generic and easy to add to any GAN variant. In a number of experiments, we show that this can improve quality, stability and/or convergence speed across a range of different GAN architectures (DCGAN, LSGAN, WGAN-GP).
Intellectual Disability – An Impairment for Life Satisfaction (2017)

Quality of life and life satisfaction for people with intellectual disabilities have only been addressed in a systematic way since the late 1980’s. Historically these areas have been neglected in research as intellectual disability was dominantly viewed within a medical model. Hence, intellectual disability was addressed predominantly in relation to quality of medical treatment and quality of institutional care. With the concept of normalization emerging the early 1960’s a social model social of intellectual disability experienced a steady expansion in our societies, thus focusing more and more on the individual person. The social model of intellectual disability asked for changes in the lives of people with intellectual disability in areas like early childhood, education, job opportunities up to accommodation, leisure time activities and old age. Along with these new person centered conceptions models of quality of life and life satisfaction were coined and methodologies on how to assess these areas were developed. The presentation will depict milestones of these new approaches and the way in which social and environmental changes contributed to the increase of life satisfaction in people with intellectual disabilities and the way these factors interact with a good quality of life and a good mental health, with challenges still awaiting to be tackled in our European regions.
Resistive switching memory characteristics of Ge/GeO x nanowires and evidence of oxygen ion migration (2013)

The resistive switching memory of Ge nanowires (NWs) in an IrOx/Al2O3/Ge NWs/SiO2/p-Si structure is investigated. Ge NWs with an average diameter of approximately 100 nm are grown by the vapor-liquid-solid technique. The core-shell structure of the Ge/GeOx NWs is confirmed by both scanning electron microscopy and high-resolution transmission electron microscopy. Defects in the Ge/GeOx NWs are observed by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. Broad photoluminescence spectra from 10 to 300 K are observed because of defects in the Ge/GeOx NWs, which are also useful for nanoscale resistive switching memory. The resistive switching mechanism in an IrOx/GeOx/W structure involves migration of oxygen ions under external bias, which is also confirmed by real-time observation of the surface of the device. The porous IrOx top electrode readily allows the evolved O2 gas to escape from the device. The annealed device has a low operating voltage (<4 V), low RESET current (approximately 22 μA), large resistance ratio (>103), long pulse read endurance of >105 cycles, and good data retention of >104 s. Its performance is better than that of the as-deposited device because the GeOx film in the annealed device contains more oxygen vacancies. Under SET operation, Ge/GeOx nanofilaments (or NWs) form in the GeOx film. The diameter of the conducting nanofilament is approximately 40 nm, which is calculated using a new method.
Micromachined W-band filters (1996)

Results are presented for high performance planar W-band filters based on silicon micromachining techniques common in microsensor fabrication. Two types of micromachined planar transmission lines are studied: microshield line and shielded membrane microstrip (SMM) line. In both of these structures, the conducting lines are suspended on thin dielectric membranes. These transmission lines are essentially "floating" in air, possess negligible levels of dielectric loss, and do not suffer from the parasitic effects of radiation and dispersion. A 90 GHz low pass filter and several 95 GHz bandpass filters are tested and display excellent performance which cannot be achieved with traditional substrate supported circuits in CPW or microstrip configurations. A full-wave finite-difference time-domain (FDTD) technique verifies the measured performance of the W-band circuits and provides a basis for comparison between the performances of membrane supported circuits and equivalent substrate supported circuits.
Panoramic Electronic Rear Vision for Automotive Applications (1999)

<div class="htmlview paragraph">Advances in electronics technology have opened numerous opportunities for new automotive products. One emerging area is the use camera systems to replace traditional rear vision systems in automotive applications. This paper will discuss the advantages of such systems, what technical advancements have led to the feasibility of such systems, and an example implementation of an electronic rear vision system.</div>
Airborne Circular W-Band SAR for Multiple Aspect Urban Site Monitoring (2019)

This paper presents a strategy for urban site monitoring by very high-resolution circular synthetic aperture radar (CSAR) imaging of multiple aspects. We analytically derive the limits of coherent azimuth processing for nonplanar objects in CSAR if no digital surface model (DSM) is available. The result indicates the level of maximum achievable resolution of these objects in this geometry. The difficulty of constantly illuminating a specific scene in full aspect mode (360°) for such small wavelengths is solved by a hardware- and software-side integration of the radar in a mechanical tracking mode. This results in the first demonstration of full aspect airborne subaperture CSAR images collected with an active frequency-modulated continuous wave (FMCW) radar at W-band. We describe the geometry and the implementation of the real-time beam-steering mode and evaluate resulting effects in the CSAR processing chain. The physical properties in W-band allow the use of extremely short subapertures in length while generating high azimuthal bandwidths. We use this feature to generate full aspect image stacks for CSAR video monitoring in very high frame rates. This technique offers the capability of detecting and observing moving objects in single channel data by shadow tracking. Due to the relatively strong echo of roads, the shadows of moving cars are rich in contrast. The image stack is further evaluated to present wide angular anisotropic properties of targets and first results on multiple aspect image fusion. Both topics show huge potential for further investigations in terms of image analysis and scene classification.
Effects of bioactive glass and β‐TCP containing three‐dimensional laser sintered polyetheretherketone composites on osteoblasts <i>in vitro</i> (2008)

Because of their excellent physical properties nonresorbable thermoplastic polymers have become more important for the field of reconstructive surgery. Aim of the present study was to investigate the effects of laser sintered polyetheretherketone (PEEK) with incorporated osteoconductive and bioactive bone substitution materials on osteoblasts in vitro. Human osteoblasts (hFOB 1.19) were seeded onto laser sintered PEEK samples containing nano-sized carbon black, beta-tricalciumphosphate (beta-TCP), and bioactive glass 45S5. Osteoblasts were investigated for cell viability, cell proliferation and cell morphology. A constant proliferation of osteoblasts could be observed on all samples with the highest values for bioactive glass containing samples at day 7 (OD 1.76 +/- 0.22) and day 14 (OD 3.75 +/- 0.31) and lowest values for beta-TCP containing probes throughout the study compared with the PEEK pure control group. Highest cell viability was observed for Bioglass containing probes (95.5 +/- 3.32)% whereas osteoblasts seeded on beta-TCP containing probes showed reduced viability (84.4 +/- 4.32)%. Laser sintered PEEK implants seem to be attractive candidates for use as bone substitutes for reconstructive surgery because of their biocompatibility, individual shape, and the possibility of compounding bioinert polymer powder with osteoconductive and bioactive materials which might benefit bone formation in vivo.
A New Low Power Test Pattern Generator using a Transition Monitoring Window based on BIST Architecture (2005)

This paper presents a new low power BIST TPG scheme. It uses a transition monitoring window (TMW) that is comprised of a transition monitoring window block and a MUX. When random test patterns are generated by an LFSR, transitions of those patterns satisfy pseudo-random Gaussian distribution. The proposed technique represses transitions of patterns using the k-value which is a standard that is obtained from the distribution of TMW to observe over transitive patterns causing high power dissipation in a scan chain. Experimental results show that the proposed BIST TPG schemes can reduce scan transition by about 60% without performance loss in ISCAS’89 benchmark circuits that have large number scan inputs.
Charakterisierung von Lagerverschleiß mit Hilfe der Oberflächenmesstechnik (2000)

The wear status of a roller bearing is important for its working life. Apart from the optical evaluation it is possible to characterise the wear more exactly with the surface measuring technique. It is shown by the example of axial cylindrical roller bearings, that the shape of the friction partners is a function of the measured wear. It is important for the roughness characteristics to select the cut-off functionally. The roughness parameters vary very strongly with the cut-off. The characteristics of the Abbott-curve are most suitable for the determination of wear, which decreases the working life. The usually used characteristics of roughness R a and R z are less fitting thereby.
Ask, don't search: A social help engine for online social network mobile users (2012)

In this paper, we present the architectural details of Odin Help Engine, a novel social search engine that leverages online social networks and sensing data from mobile devices to find targeted answers for subjective queries and recommendation requests. In Odin, users' queries are routed to those connections in their social network who (i) are most likely to help answer the question and (ii) can do so with a high level of confidence. Specifically, we first apply a link-based latent variable model to infer social relationships between users from their social network data to form a strength-weighted relationship graph. We then infer users' expertise by context mining from social network data as well as from their mobile device sensor data. Lastly we apply pagerank-like algorithm that takes both relationship strength and user expertise into account to find a person that is most likely willing to answer the question posted by the user. We present the general design of the architecture and outline a location-related query example for detailed illustration.
Watt-scale 50-MHz source of single-cycle waveform-stable pulses in the molecular fingerprint region (2019)

We report a coherent mid-infrared (MIR) source with a combination of broad spectral coverage (6-18 μm), high repetition rate (50 MHz), and high average power (0.5 W). The waveform-stable pulses emerge via intrapulse difference-frequency generation (IPDFG) in a GaSe crystal, driven by a 30-W-average-power train of 32-fs pulses spectrally centered at 2 μm, delivered by a fiber-laser system. Electro-optic sampling (EOS) of the waveform-stable MIR waveforms reveals their single-cycle nature, confirming the excellent phase matching both of IPDFG and of EOS with 2-μm pulses in GaSe.
Mining commonalities and variabilities from natural language documents (2013)

A company who wishes to enter an established marked with a new, competitive product is required to analyse the product solutions of the competitors. Identifying and comparing the features provided by the other vendors might greatly help during the market analysis. However, mining common and variant features of from the publicly available documents of the competitors is a time consuming and error-prone task. In this paper, we suggest to employ a natural language processing approach based on contrastive analysis to identify commonalities and variabilities from the brochures of a group of vendors. We present a first step towards a practical application of the approach, in the the context of the market of Communications-Based Train Control (CBTC) systems.
NADPH oxidase and uncoupled nitric oxide synthase are major sources of reactive oxygen species in oral squamous cell carcinoma. Potential implications for immune regulation in high oxidative stress conditions. (2008)

The development of cancer is associated with high oxidative stress and at the same time with immune system activation. Tumors develop efficient mechanisms of protection against the immune response, which allow them to escape the immune surveillance. Simultaneously, key events in the process of carcinogenesis are related to oxidative stress. The relationship between the two remains unknown. Novel understanding of oxidative stress shows that discrete changes of activities of certain enzyme systems such as NADPH oxidases or nitric oxide synthases may be more important than the overall balance of production and removal of reactive oxygen species. Such imbalance of nitric oxide and superoxide production could modify inflammation and immune regulation. We studied superoxide anion production (by lucigenin enhanced chemiluminescence - 5 microM), NADPH oxidase activity and nitric oxide synthase (NOS) dysfunction. In parallel mRNA expression of immunomodulatory markers such as FoxP3 (T regulatory cell marker), CCR6 (mucosal homing effector T cell marker) and CD85j (NK cell/CD8 T cell Ig-like MHC class I inhibitory receptor) was determined. Basal superoxide production and NADPH oxidase activity are increased in oral squamous cell carcinoma. Tumor superoxide production was inhibited by NADPH oxidase inhibitor apocynin and by NOS inhibitor L-NAME. This indicates, for the first time, that oral squamous cell carcinoma is characterized by dysregulated nitric oxide synthase, which apart from increased NADPH oxidase activity contributes to oxidative stress and may be related to the immuno-pathology of these tumors. Studied tumors were infiltrated by CCR6+, but showed lower expression of both CD85j and FoxP3 mRNA. Finally, the CD85j mRNA expression was inversely correlated to oxidative stress parameters. These preliminary studies indicate that tumor oxidative stress, related to NADPH oxidase activity and NOS activity could be related to immune responses to cancer, thus therapeutic modification of oxidative stress, which could include the correction of NOS dysfunction, could facilitate immune surveillance.
An Inner/Outer Stationary Iteration for Computing PageRank (2007)

We present a stationary iterative scheme for PageRank computation. The algorithm is based on a linear system formulation of the problem, uses inner/outer iterations, and amounts to a simple preconditioning technique. It is simple, can be easily implemented and parallelized, and requires minimal storage overhead. Convergence analysis shows that the algorithm is effective for a crude inner tolerance and is not particularly sensitive to the choice of the parameters involved. Numerical examples featuring matrices of dimensions up to approximately $10^7$ confirm the analytical results and demonstrate the accelerated convergence of the algorithm compared to the power method.
EVALUATION OF SPRING BARLEYS FOR REACTION TO <i>Fusarium culmorum</i> SEEDLING BLIGHT AND ROOT ROT (1988)

The effects of Fusarium seedling blight and root rot, caused by Fusarium culmorum, on plant emergence, harvestable tillers, grain yield and disease reaction in 12 spring barley cultivars were studied in greenhouse and field experiments at Bozeman, Mt. in 1984 and 1985. Atomization of F. culmorum macroconidia onto seed increased disease severity in greenhouse seedlings and mature plants in the field as compared with noninoculated seed. In the inoculated treatments the mean disease rating, based upon the extent of discoloration of the seedling coleoptile or the mature plant subcrown internode, differentiated resistant and susceptible two- and six-rowed cultivars. Among the 12 cultivars, seedling and mature plant disease reactions were not correlated. In 1985 field tests, F. culmorum inoculation reduced the plant emergence of all two-rowed, but only one six-rowed cultivar. Plant emergence in 1985 field tests was negatively correlated with greenhouse seedling and field mature plant disease reactions. To remove the effects of stand reduction by inoculation and determine the subsequent effect of infection on grain yield, the plant stand of a control treatment was hand-thinned to equal that of the inoculated treatment. Generally, F. culmorum inoculation had no effect on harvestable tillers or grain yield when compared with the hand-thinned control. The ease with which seed can be inoculated with the pathogen makes this technique a useful tool in evaluating the ability of a genotype to compensate for stand reduction and to tolerate root rot infection.Key words: Disease tolerance, dryland root rot
NOR Flash-based Multilevel In-Memory-Searching Architecture for Approximate Computing (2022)

In the approximate in-memory-searching (IMS) system, the numeral-system-induced matching score counting error will cause computation error and degrade the system performance significantly especially at high resolution scenarios. This paper discusses the problem in detail and proposes a novel NOR-Flash-based multilevel IMS cell and the related operation scheme for approximate computing. The device characteristics and reliability performances are carefully evaluated on a high density NOR Flash array. Experiments and simulations suggest that the proposed approximate IMS cell not only can provide the matching score based on the difference between the input and the stored data, but also improve the system robustness toward data variation.
An 8 bit, 200 MHz BiCMOS comparator (1989)

A BiCMOS comparator intended for use in low-power, high-speed analog-t-digital conversion systems operating at video frequencies and above is described. An experimental version of the comparator integrated in a 1μm BiCMOS technology performs comparisons at mtes up to 200 MHE.