gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
The Political Ideology of Indigenous African Political Systems and Institutions from Antiquity to the Nineteenth Century (2012)

Highly advanced and sophisticated African civilizations, cultures, societies, and states—such as Ancient Egypt, Kush/Nubia, Axum, Ghana, Mali, and Asante—evolved throughout the continent from the ninth century before the Christian era (BCE) to the nineteenth century CE. African political systems and institutions were traditionally based on kinship and lineage (i.e., common ancestry), sanctioned by a founding myth. The lineage was a powerful and effective force for unity and stability in ancient Africa. Each lineage had its head, chosen on the basis of age, maturity, and relation to ancestors. The old (respectfully referred to as "elders") were often chosen as lineage heads because old age was usually associated with wisdom. Each ethnic group had its own system of government. In all indigenous African societies, political organization began at the lineage or village level. Religion defined moral duties and controlled conduct; it informed laws and customs, as well as accepted norms of behavior. In African systems of thought, religion is an essential part of life; indeed, religion and life are inseparable. What this description accurately portrays is "the belief held among African communities that the supernatural powers and deities operate in every sphere and activity of life. Religion and life are inseparable, and life is not comparted [sic] into sacred and secular."1 KeywordsAfrican SocietyAfrican CommunityLineage HeadSupernatural PowerQueen MotherThese keywords were added by machine and not by the authors. This process is experimental and the keywords may be updated as the learning algorithm improves.
Influence of Yogurt and Acidophilus Yogurt on Serum Cholesterol Levels in Mice (1997)

The effects of yogurt and acidophilus yogurt on the weight gain, serum cholesterol, high density lipoprotein cholesterol, low density lipoprotein cholesterol, triglycerides, and the numbers of fecal lactobacilli and coliforms were investigated in mice assigned to three dietary treatments for 56 d: 1) commercial rodent chow and water (control), 2) commercial rodent chow and yogurt made from milk inoculated with a 3% (vol/vol) liquid culture of Streptococcus thermophilus and Lactobacillus delbrueckii ssp. bulgaricus (yogurt), and 3) commercial rodent chow plus yogurt made from milk inoculated with a 0.01% (wt/vol) freeze-dried culture of Streptococcus thermophilus plus Lactobacillus acidophilus. The weight gains of mice receiving yogurt or acidophilus yogurt were higher than those of the mice in the control group. The mean values for serum cholesterol concentrations and LDL cholesterol concentrations were significantly decreased when acidophilus yogurt was fed on d 28 and 56. High density lipoprotein cholesterol and triglycerides were not affected by yogurt or acidophilus yogurt. The highest number of fecal lactobacilli was found in mice receiving acidophilus yogurt, and the number of fecal coliforms of that group was also lower than in the other two groups.
Mutant Cells Selected during Persistent Reovirus Infection Do Not Express Mature Cathepsin L and Do Not Support Reovirus Disassembly (1999)

Persistent reovirus infections of murine L929 cells select cellular mutations that inhibit viral disassembly within the endocytic pathway. Mutant cells support reovirus growth when infection is initiated with infectious subvirion particles (ISVPs), which are intermediates in reovirus disassembly formed following proteolysis of viral outer-capsid proteins. However, mutant cells do not support growth of virions, indicating that these cells have a defect in virion-to-ISVP processing. To better understand mechanisms by which viruses use the endocytic pathway to enter cells, we defined steps in reovirus replication blocked in mutant cells selected during persistent infection. Subcellular localization of reovirus after adsorption to parental and mutant cells was assessed using confocal microscopy and virions conjugated to a fluorescent probe. Parental and mutant cells did not differ in the capacity to internalize virions or distribute them to perinuclear compartments. Using pH-sensitive probes, the intravesicular pH was determined and found to be equivalent in parental and mutant cells. In both cell types, virions localized to acidified intracellular organelles. The capacity of parental and mutant cells to support proteolysis of reovirus virions was assessed by monitoring the appearance of disassembly intermediates following adsorption of radiolabeled viral particles. Within 2 h after adsorption to parental cells, proteolysis of viral outer-capsid proteins was observed, consistent with formation of ISVPs. However, in mutant cells, no proteolysis of viral proteins was detected up to 8 h postadsorption. Since treatment of cells with E64, an inhibitor of cysteine-containing proteases, blocks reovirus disassembly, we used immunoblot analysis to assess the expression of cathepsin L, a lysosomal cysteine protease. In contrast to parental cells, mutant cells did not express the mature, proteolytically active form of the enzyme. The defect in cathepsin L maturation was not associated with mutations in procathepsin L mRNA, was not complemented by procathepsin L overexpression, and did not affect the maturation of cathepsin B, another lysosomal cysteine protease. These findings indicate that persistent reovirus infections select cellular mutations that affect the maturation of cathepsin L and suggest that alterations in the expression of lysosomal proteases can modulate viral cytopathicity.
Si-nanowire-based multistage delayed Mach–Zehnder interferometer optical MUX/DeMUX fabricated by an ArF-immersion lithography process on a 300  mm SOI wafer (2014)

We report good phase controllability and high production yield in Si-nanowire-based multistage delayed Mach-Zehnder interferometer-type optical multiplexers/demultiplexers (MUX/DeMUX) fabricated by an ArF-immersion lithography process on a 300 mm silicon-on-insulator (SOI) wafer. Three kinds of devices fabricated in this work exhibit clear 1×4 Ch wavelength filtering operations for various optical frequency spacing. These results are promising for their applications in high-density wavelength division multiplexing-based optical interconnects.
A Case of Trichophytia Profunda Acuta of the Glabrous Skin. (2001)

We report the case of a 68-year-old man with eruption on his left arm in the lesion where he wore his wrist watch. He was treated with topical steroid ointment at another clinic. He also suffered from tinea pedis. Examination of the scale and hair showed hyphal elements. Histopathological examination revealed granulomatous reaction around the hair follicles. We found no fungal elements in the tissue in spite of detecting serial sections of them. Trichophyton rubrum was cultured from tissue and scale, and the case was diagnosed as Trichophytia profunda acuta of the glabrous skin. Spontaneous remission was shown only by topical treatment for tinea pedis. A therapy of "wait and see" may be one choice.
Photon migration in the presence of a single defect: a perturbation analysis (1995)

We present an analytical perturbation analysis for studying the sensitivity of diffusive photon flux to the addition of a small spherical defect object in multiple-scattering media such as human tissues. As a first simple application of our perturbation method, we derive analytically the photon migration path distributions and the shapes of the so-called banana regions in which the photon migration paths are concentrated. We then derive analytically the sensitivity of detected photon flux densities to the inclusion of small spherical defects in the multiple-scattering medium for both single-source and two-source configurations, at both steady-state (dc) and frequency-modulation conditions, and compare the results with Monte Carlo simulations.
Effect of <i>N</i> -Acetylcysteine on Mitochondrial Function Following Traumatic Brain Injury in Rats (1999)

Efficacy of N-acetylcysteine (NAC) in traumatic brain injury (TBI)-induced mitochondrial dysfunction was evaluated following controlled cortical impact injury in rats. Respiratory function and calcium transport of rat forebrain mitochondria from injured and uninjured hemispheres were examined. NAC significantly restored mitochondrial electron transfer, energy coupling capacity, calcium uptake activity and reduced calcium content absorbed to brain mitochondrial membranes when examined 12 h post-TBI if NAC was administered i.p. 5 min before injury or 30 min or 1 h postinjury. Glutathione (reduced form, GSH) levels in brain tissues were decreased at all time points examined over a 14-day observation period, while mitochondrial GSH levels significantly decreased only at 3 days and 14 days following TBI. NAC treatment given within 1 h greatly restored brain GSH levels from 1 h to 14 days and mitochondrial GSH levels from 12 h to 14 days post-TBI. NAC did not show protective effects when given 2 h postinjury. Our data indicate that NAC administered postinjury at an early stage can effectively restore TBI-induced mitochondrial dysfunction and the protective effect of NAC may be related to its restoration of GSH levels in the brain.
Vitelliform dystrophies: Prevalence in Olmsted County, Minnesota, United States (2016)

Vitelliform dystrophies affect 1 in 5500 individuals in Olmsted County. While the values in this study provide good estimates for the prevalence of Best disease versus adult-onset vitelliform macular dystrophy, the results are limited by dependence on diagnoses made by other ophthalmologists and underutilization of genetic testing. Thus, these diseases should be thought of as at least as prevalent as reported here. As therapies for Best disease and other macular degenerative diseases are quickly becoming a reality, genetic testing should be employed as the gold standard for diagnosis of these diseases.
Subtle Hand Gesture Identification for HCI Using Temporal Decorrelation Source Separation BSS of Surface EMG (2007)

Hand gesture identification has various human computer interaction (HCI) applications. This paper presents a method for subtle hand gesture identification from sEMG of the forearm by decomposing the signal into components originating from different muscles. The processing requires the decomposition of the surface EMG by temporal decorrelation source separation (TDSEP) based blind source separation technique. Pattern classification of the separated signal is performed in the second step with a back propagation neural network. The focus of this work is to establish a simple, yet robust system that can be used to identify subtle complex hand actions and gestures for control of prosthesis and other HCI based devices. The proposed model based approach is able to overcome the ambiguity problems (order and magnitude problem) of BSS methods by selecting an a priori mixing matrix based on known hand muscle anatomy. The paper reports experimental results, where the system was able to reliably recognize different subtle hand gesture with an overall accuracy of 97%. The advantage of such a system is that it is easy to train by a lay user, and can easily be implemented in real time after the initial training. The paper also highlights the importance of mixing matrix analysis in BSS technique.
Yttrium Oxide Nanoparticles Prepared by Heat Treatment of Cathodically Grown Yttrium Hydroxide (2011)

An easy two-step synthetic route is reported for the manufacture of yttrium oxide nanoparticles utilizing aqueous yttrium nitrate solution. In the first step, yttrium hydroxide precursor was grown on stainless steel electrode using a simple cathodic electrodeposition at room temperature. The subsequent second step includes the thermal decomposition of yttrium hydroxide powder at different temperatures for two hours. The synthesized products were characterized by means of X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), differential scanning calorimetery (DSC), FT-IR and Raman spectroscopy. Results showed that the as-deposited Y(OH) 3 is composed of nanoparticles with grain size of approximately 40–50 nm. Cubic-structured Y 2 O 3 phase with a porous morphology was finally formed when temperature was raised to 600 ° C. Results suggested that the final oxide nanoparticles are crystalline and consist only of yttrium oxide phase forming agglomerates of many primary particles with average diameter around 30 nm.
Portal, Splenic, and Superior Mesenteric Vein Thrombosis in a Patient With Latent Essential Thrombocythemia and Hyperhomocysteinemia (2006)

Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine Stanford University School of Medicine Stanford, CA
Semiautomatic 3-D image registration as applied to interventional MRI liver cancer treatment (2000)

We evaluated semiautomatic, voxel-based registration methods for a new application, the assessment and optimization of interventional magnetic resonance imaging (I-MRI) guided thermal ablation of liver cancer. The abdominal images acquired on a low-field-strength, open I-MRI system contain noise, motion artifacts, and tissue deformation. Dissimilar images can be obtained as a result of different MRI acquisition techniques and/or changes induced by treatments. These features challenge a registration algorithm. We evaluated one manual and four automated methods on clinical images acquired before treatment, immediately following treatment, and during several follow-up studies. Images were T2-weighted, T1-weighted Gd-DTPA enhanced, T1-weighted, and short-inversion-time inversion recovery (STIR). Registration accuracy was estimated from distances between anatomical landmarks. Mutual information gave better results than entropy, correlation, and variance of gray-scale ratio. Preprocessing steps such as masking and an initialization method that used two-dimensional (2-D) registration to obtain initial transformation estimates were crucial. With proper preprocessing, automatic registration was successful with all image pairs having reasonable image quality. A registration accuracy of approximately equal to 3 mm was achieved with both manual and mutual information methods. Despite motion and deformation in the liver, mutual information registration is sufficiently accurate and robust for useful applications in I-MRI thermal ablation therapy.
Primary structure of the merozoite surface antigen 1 of Plasmodium vivax reveals sequences conserved between different Plasmodium species. (1991)

Merozoite surface antigen 1 (MSA1) of several species of plasmodia has been shown to be a promising candidate for a vaccine directed against the asexual blood stages of malaria. We report the cloning and characterization of the MSA1 gene of the human malaria parasite Plasmodium vivax. This gene, which we call Pv200, encodes a polypeptide of 1726 amino acids and displays features described for MSA1 genes of other species, such as signal peptide and anchoring sequences, conserved cysteine residues, number of potential N-glycosylation sites, and repeats consisting here of 23 glutamine residues in a row. When the nucleotide and deduced amino acid sequences of the MSA1 of P. vivax are compared to those of another human malaria parasite, Plasmodium falciparum, and to those of the rodent parasite Plasmodium yoelii, 10 regions of high amino acid similarity are observed despite the very different dG + dC contents of the corresponding genes. All of the interspecies conserved regions reside within the conserved or semiconserved blocks delimited by the sequences of different alleles of the MSA1 gene of P. falciparum.
Robust Nonlinear Control Design (1996)

The purpose of the book is to summarize Lyapunov design techniques for nonlinear systems and to raise important issues concerning large-signal robustness and performance. The authors have been the fir
CONDOR: constraint-based dataflow (1992)

is an interactive constraint-based dataflow programming environment which is particularly suited to problems that arise in computer graphics. In addition to traditional dataflow functions, CONDOR dataflow elements can perform efficient derivative evaluation and interval arithmetic. As a result, CONDOR is able to support constraints, dynamics, surface trimming, collision testing, and a variety of other computations which are difficult or impossible to implement in traditional dataflow systems.
Experimental Study on Microwave Regeneration Characteristics of Diesel Particulate After-Treatment System (1999)

<div class="htmlview paragraph">Many efforts have been made to apply the diesel exhaust particulate after-treatment system in practical use during the past ten years. In this paper, a diesel exhaust particulate after-treatment system with microwave energy as its external regeneration energy source is described, and the microwave regeneration characteristics of the diesel exhaust particulate after-treatment system developed are studied. The experimental results show that the regeneration efficiency can reach up to 80% with a wide regeneration window and a suitable regeneration duration. The effect of air supply on filter regeneration is also observed. It is proven that the microwave regeneration technique employed in the system is simple, effective and reliable.</div>
Introduction of CDH (Cooperative Document Handling) and its feasibility study on multimedia document conferencing system (2002)

With the great progress of computer technology, electronic documents have been widely used in the office environment. Especially, multimedia documents are becoming popular to be used for document generation, filing/retrieval and exchange. Furthermore, for the purpose of enhancing office communication, it is desired to realize multi-user communications, such as electronic document circulation, group editing and document conferencing. Considering the above background, ITU-T SG8 (International Telecommunication Union-Telecommunication Standards Sector, Study Group 8) has started a new initiative called CDH (Cooperative Document Handling), which realizes multimedia document communications in multi-user environments. The main purpose of CDH is to specify new document communication services and to provide a framework for group communication based on standard techniques which have already been defined or are now being studied. Among the various types of document communication, CDH supports geographically distributed collaboration from a spatial point of view. On the other hand, CDH supports collaboration based on both synchronous and asynchronous communications from a temporal view point. In this paper, we introduce CDH, focusing on document formats and protocols. Furthermore, we have implemented and evaluated a multimedia document conferencing type of CDH, which we call "ODAWork" to show its feasibility by a standard approach.
Blends of aliphatic polyesters. II. Hydrolysis of solution‐cast blends from poly(L‐lactide) and poly(Ε‐caprolactone) in phosphate‐buffered solution (1998)

Blend films were prepared from poly(L-lactide) (PLLA) and poly(E-caprolactone) (PCL) with different PLLA contents [XPLLA (w/w) = PLLA/(PCL + PLLA)] by the solution-casting method and their hydrolysis behaviors were investigated up to 20 months in a phosphate-buffered solution of pH 7.4 at 37°C by gel permeation chromatography, tensile testing, differential scanning calorimetry, and gravimetry. Polarizing microscopic observation and dynamic mechanical analysis revealed that PCL and PLLA were phase-separated in blend films before hydrolysis. The mass remaining, molecular weight, and tensile strength of the blend films with XPLLA of 0.5 and 0.75 decreased more rapidly by hydrolysis than those of the nonblended PLLA, while the elongation at break of the blend film of XPLLA = 0.25 decreased the slowest. The rate constant for hydrolysis (k) calculated from the Mn change during hydrolysis was higher for blend films of XPLLA = 0.5 and 0.75 than those expected from k of nonblended PLLA and PCL. The melting temperature (Tm) of PLLA in the blend and nonblended films of XPLLA = 0.5, 0.75, and 1 decreased from 179 to 161, 160, and 175°C upon hydrolysis for 20 months, respectively, while that for XPLLA = 0.25 slightly increased from 176 to 177°C. On the other hand, Tm and the crystallinity of PCL was significantly increased by hydrolysis for 20 months, irrespective of XPLLA. © 1998 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 67: 405–415, 1998
Synthesis of Pyridopyrazine-1,6-diones from 6-Hydroxypicolinic Acids via a One-Pot Coupling/Cyclization Reaction (2013)

A facile one-pot synthesis of 3,4-dihydro-1H-pyrido[1,2-a]pyrazine-1,6(2H)-diones (pyridopyrazine-1,6-diones) has been developed which employs a sequential coupling/cyclization reaction of 6-hydroxypicolinic acids and β-hydroxylamines. The transformation proceeds in good yield under mild conditions using O-(7-aza-1H-benzotriazole-1-yl)-1,1,3,3-tetramethyluronium hexafluorophosphate (HATU) to both carry out the amide formation and activate the hydroxyl group for intramolecular alkylation.
Slavery (2017)

Slavery is a political, legal, and economic system under which people are treated as property. Slavery was typically institutionalized by the state. Slavery, we are often told, existed in all nations and at all times. From ancient Greece and Rome, to China and Korea; from medieval Europe to the Middle East, Africa and across the Americas. Many say that it still exists today in the form of so‐called “modern slavery.” The nature of slavery has varied markedly over time. Some systems accepted the humanity of the enslaved, assuming they had a soul, allowing legal freedom and social mobility once free; others assumed the enslaved's inhumanity, denying they had a soul, restricting access to legal freedom, and to opportunities once legally free. There were wide variations between what was specified by law and what actually occurred in practice.
Design and realization of water quality information management system based on GIS (2011)

The water environmental information possesses the characteristics of obvious geographic distribution, so managing and analyzing the water environmental information adopting Geographic Information System (GIS) technique is the development trend. Seeing that water quality information management system in some small and medium-sized cities only manages a large number of water quality attribute data at present, not interrelating with the geographic position, therefore it is inconvenient to carry on profound water analysis and water quality simulation. This paper, taking Fuzhou city of Jiangxi province as an example and regarding MapInfo as the platform, has explained the design and technological implementation method of water quality information management system based on GIS, providing reference for scientific management of water quality information.
Objective: biochemical function (2014)

OPINION article Front. Genet., 08 July 2014Sec. Computational Genomics Volume 5 - 2014 | https://doi.org/10.3389/fgene.2014.00210