gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Multifrequency Evaluation of Different Immunosorbents on Acoustic Plate Mode Sensors (1996)

Previous studies of acoustic plate modes on ZX-LiNbO3 have indicated that practical mass-sensitive immunosensors can be implemented by using devices with higher frequencies of operation and/or by improving techniques for the immobilization of antibodies. However, it is also known from these studies that the viscoelastic properties of aminosilane films, used for the covalent immobilization of antibodies on the crystal surface, cannot be ignored in the sensor response. In the present work, in an attempt to study the effect of viscoelasticity of the binding film, three different films with different viscoelasticity and binding capacities, an aminosilane, a dextran, and a poly-(etherurethane)-based immunosorbent (XP-5), were prepared on the sensor surface for the immobilization of antibodies. Immunochemical reactions were monitored by the acoustic plate mode sensor at three different frequencies, thus allowing the direct observation of the frequency dependence of mass sensitivity with different films. Depending on the type of immunosorbent, the sensitivity at the third harmonic was enhanced by a factor of 2-5 with respect to the fundamental response. A third acoustic mode at a closely spaced frequency to the third harmonic yielded lower sensitivity values, which indicates that sensitivity depends not only on the frequency of device operation but also on particle displacement amplitude and components of the selected wave. Since antigen binding capacities of the different immunosorbents were determined independently by a modified ELISA test, sensor responses can also be correlated to the immunosorbent structure, and hence the viscoelastic properties. A dual delay line configuration was used which compensates for second-order effects such as temperature variations and nonspecific adsorption.
DeltaPath (2014)

Calling context provides important information for a large range of applications, such as event logging, profiling, debugging, anomaly detection, and performance optimization. While some techniques have been proposed to track calling context efficiently, they lack a reliable and precise decoding capability; or they work only under restricted conditions, that is, small programs without object-oriented programming or dynamic component loading. These shortcomings have limited the application of calling context tracking in practice. We propose an encoding technique without those limitations: it provides precise and reliable decoding, supports large-sized programs, both procedural and objected-oriented ones, and can cope with dynamic class/library loading. The technique thus enables calling context tracking in a wide variety of scenarios. The evaluation on SPECjvm shows that its efficiency is comparable with that of the state-of-the-art approach while our technique provides precise decoding and demonstrates scalability and flexibility.
Effect of Mo insertion layers on the magnetoresistance and perpendicular magnetic anisotropy in Ta/CoFeB/MgO junctions (2016)

The effect of a thin Mo dusting layer inserted at the interface of Ta/CoFeB of perpendicular magnetic tunneling junction with MgO barriers was investigated. Unlike thick Mo layers that exhibited a strong (110) crystalline texture, the inserted Mo layer between Ta/CoFeB had little negative influence on the crystallization of CoFe (001), therefore combining the advantages of Mo as a good thermal barrier and Ta as a good boron sink. For optimized Mo dusting thickness, a large tunneling magnetoresistance of 208% was achieved in perpendicular magnetic tunneling junctions with superior thermal stability at 500 °C.
Robust thermal performance of Sr2Si5N8:Eu2+: An efficient red emitting phosphor for light emitting diode based white lighting (2011)

An important component to the advent of solid state lighting technology is the development of inorganic crystalline phosphors for efficient conversion of photons from blue light emitting diodes (LEDs) to other visible wavelengths for greater color rendering and “warmer” white lighting. We present the results of a recently developed rare earth doped nitride-based red emitting phosphor, Sr2Si5N8:Eu2+, combined with GaN-based blue emitting LEDs and YAG:Ce phosphor for improved white lighting applications. A unique remote phosphor packaging approach was used in all testing to isolate LED performance from phosphor performance. Luminous efficacies were achieved at 94 lm/W with an improved color rendering index (CRI) of 72, mixing red phosphor with YAG:Ce. The Sr2Si5N8:Eu2+ red emitting phosphor was found to have a low temperature sensitivity (only 28% power reduction at 150 °C) and greater luminous performance at low concentrations in the encapsulant by weight relative to other typical red emitting phosphors.
Physical self-assembly and the nucleation of three-dimensional nanostructures by oblique angle deposition (2004)

Growth front morphology of a thin film formed by physical vapor deposition is controlled by many factors including surface diffusion and shadowing effects. Instabilities can occur if shadowing is more dominant compared to other surface effects and can lead to many diverse physically self-assembled three-dimensional nano-size structures. In this article, we explore the fundamental nucleation and growth mechanisms of the nanostructures during oblique angle deposition. Monte Carlo simulations were carried out to predict the island density, island size distribution, and island–island correlation during the initial stages of growth. The results were compared to that obtained by the oblique angle sputter deposited tungsten films imaged by atomic force microscopy and scanning electron microscopy. Isolated islands with quasiperiodic distribution were formed as a natural consequence of the shadowing effect. Isolated columnar structures are shown to grow on these islands and the width W of the columns is predicted to grow as a function of column length d in a power law form, W∼dp, where the exponent p is between 0.3 and 0.5. The predicted p is consistent with the experimentally determined exponent values for growth of column widths from a variety of materials such as W, Co, Cu, and Si. The exponent values calculated from a derived continuum equation were also consistent with the experimental results.
Proceedings of the International Joint Workshop on Natural Language Processing in Biomedicine and its Applications (2004)

Recent years have seen a growing interest in the application of NLP techniques to texts in the domains of biology and medicine. The problem of information overload that has resulted from the massive growth in the scientific literature has clearly shown the necessity to automatically locate, organize and manage facts relating to experimental results. At the same time clinicians have experienced greatly improved access to the medical literature and clinical repositories which needs to be matched by the development of enhanced information access tools. This year NLPBA (http://www.genisis.ch/~natlang/NLPBA02/) and BioNLP (http://www-tsujii.is.s.utokyo.ac.jp/ACL03/bionlp.htm) have merged to form a joint workshop with the aim of bringing together researchers from natural language processing, bio-informatics, medicine and ontologies who are concerned with developing methods and resources for solving these problems.

Over the last five years we have seen significant steps forward in the development of language technology and large-scale resources for the Bio-Medical domain such as linguistically annotated corpora (e.g. GENIA POS and NE corpora), ontologies (e.g. Gene Ontology), thesauri (e.g. UMLS Metathesaurus), lexicons and term lists (e.g. UMLS SPECIALIST) as well as information retrieval collections (e.g. TREC Genomics track). At the application level we see development of question answering systems, event recognition, zone (rhetorical region) identification, as well as term and bio-entity recognition. The demand for information access tools from domain users is increasing to support literature survey, often integrated into online portals where scientists can navigate through related information resources such as genetics and disease databases. Ongoing challenges relate to the growing and ambiguous nomenclature, the need to integrate deep knowledge sources into machine learning, a need to scale up methods for processing full text articles etc.

The objective of the workshop is to bring together researchers in this area, to establish common themes and goals between different groups. We have seen from previous experience in the natural language learning and information retrieval communities the benefits of sharing resources and developing common evaluation criteria. In this workshop we are introducing a special shared task to promote discussion of these issues as well as the objective of integrating machine learning with knowledge resources.
Rapidly Progressive Glomerulonephritis Accompanying Legionnaires' Disease (1985)

A rapidly progressive, crescentic glomerulonephritis with acute oliguric renal failure occurred simultaneously with legionnaires' disease (LD) in a 52-year-old man. The diagnosis of LD was based on a sixfold rise in indirect fluorescent antibody titer against Legionella pneumophila serogroup 4. Treatment with erythromycin lactobionate resulted in a clinical resolution of pulmonary manifestations. The impairment of kidney function, however, was progressive and within two weeks led to end-stage renal failure requiring regular hemodialysis. This observation suggests that LD may trigger severe acute glomerulonephritis.
Point mutation in the mouse glucocorticoid receptor preventing DNA binding impairs spatial memory (2001)

Activation of central glucocorticoid receptors caused by the stress that is associated with a learning task facilitates storage of the acquired information. The molecular mechanism underlying this phenomenon is entirely unknown. Glucocorticoid receptors can influence transcription both through DNA binding-dependent and -independent mechanisms. To assess the importance of these two modes of action for spatial memory, we here used male mutant mice in which homodimerization and DNA binding of the glucocorticoid receptor is largely prevented (GR(dim/dim)) while protein-protein interactions still can take place. These mice showed a selective impairment of spatial memory in the water maze. Locomotion and anxiety-related parameters measured in an open field and a light/dark preference task were comparable for mutant and control mice. Mutant mice released more corticosterone than control mice under basal resting conditions and in response to swimming, which could have influenced memory processes of the mice. However, mimicking the task-related increase in corticosterone by supplementary injection of corticosterone (250 microg/kg, i.p.) in adrenalectomized mice, resulting in equal plasma corticosterone concentrations in both genotypes, improved spatial memory of control mice but had no effect on mutant mice. These findings suggest that task-related facilitating effects of corticosterone on spatial memory indeed depend on DNA binding of the glucocorticoid receptor rather than on protein-protein interactions of the receptor with other transcription factors. Although it cannot be excluded that both processes are involved in a coordinated way, interrupting the DNA-binding capacity of the receptor is sufficient to induce impairment.
An experimental inactivated vaccine against bluetongue (1975)

Bluetongue virus grown in BHK cells was shown to be inactivated in concentrations of betapropiolactone (BPL) higher than 0-15 per cent. When the virus, inactivated with 0-2 per cent BPL and prepared as a double emulsion vaccine, was injected into Cypriot sheep, no untoward reactions were observed and neutralising antibodies developed. The antibody titre reached a high level and persisted for at least a year. After re-vaccination, a secondary response was observed. A bivalent vaccine elicited a response to both virus types incorporated. The possibilities of using a polyvalent inactivated vaccine are discussed.
Ge-doped Y-shaped microstructured fiber for supercontinuum generation (2009)

Supercontinuum generation in a highly Ge-doped core Y-shaped microstructured optical fiber using long pump pulses of 9 ns duration at 1064 nm is reported. The generation of nonlinear effects takes advantage of the large nonlinear refractive index and Raman gain of the Ge-doped core, as well as the air hole structure that surrounds the core. The fiber is easy to fabricate due to its simple structure and shows good compatibility with standard fibers. Although the fiber was pumped in normal dispersion far from the zero dispersion wavelength, flat and smooth supercontinuum in the fundamental mode from 550 nm to beyond 1750 nm was generated with a value of fiber length and pump peak power product of 11.7 kW•m.
A synthetic dataset for deep learning (2019)

In this paper, we propose a novel method for generating a synthetic dataset obeying Gaussian distribution. Compared to the commonly used benchmark datasets with unknown distribution, the synthetic dataset has an explicit distribution, i.e., Gaussian distribution. Meanwhile, it has the same characteristics as the benchmark dataset MNIST. As a result, we can easily apply Deep Neural Networks (DNNs) on the synthetic dataset. This synthetic dataset provides a novel experimental tool to verify the proposed theories of deep learning.
Unlicensed Spectrum Usage Method for Cellular Communication Systems (2012)

Cellular systems operate on ISM band with the co-existence of wide-deployed WLAN is a promising solution to offload the crowded cellular band, where cellular device acting as virtual a WLAN station contends for WLAN channel resource via applying the same IEEE 802.11 Distributed Coordination Function(DCF) as WLAN rivals is a straightforward way. However, the conventional mechanism cannot fully utilize the spectrum resource, we propose an adaptive probability access (APA) method which could adjust the channel access probability of cellular system by maximizing the proportional fairness throughput of both systems. This method can adjust the cellular access probability step by step to ensure that both cellular and WLAN work near the optimum operating spot. Simulation results show that the proposed APA method improves both the proportional fairness and total throughput.
The Role of Interleukin-17 in Lung Cancer (2016)

Tumour-associated inflammation is a hallmark of malignant carcinomas, and lung cancer is a typical inflammation-associated carcinoma. Interleukin-17 (IL-17) is an important inflammatory cytokine that plays an important role in chronic inflammatory and autoimmune diseases and in inflammation-associated tumours. Numerous studies have shown that IL-17 directly or indirectly promotes tumour angiogenesis and cell proliferation and that it inhibits apoptosis via the activation of inflammatory signalling pathways. Therefore, IL-17 contributes to the metastasis and progression of lung cancer. Research advances with respect to the role of IL-17 in lung cancer will be presented as a review in this paper.
Intelligent traction control in electric vehicles using an acoustic approach for online estimation of road-tire friction (2013)

Torque control of electric motor via current gives the advantage of simplicity and fast response over the complicated torque control of an internal combustion engine which may depend on several parameters ranging from fuel valve angle to gas pedal position and several delay factors. Although traction control system (TCS) for in-wheel-motor (IWM) configuration electric vehicles (EV) has advantages, the performance of the control system, as in most traction control cases, still depends on (1)accurate estimation of road-tire friction characteristics and (2) measurement of slip ratio requiring expensive sensors for obtaining wheel and chassis velocity. The main contribution of this work is design and integration of an acoustic road-type estimation system (ARTE), which significantly increases the robustness and reduces the cost of TCS in IWM configuration EVs. Unlike complicated and expensive sensor units, the system uses a simple data collection set-up including a low-cost cardioid microphone directed to vicinity of road-tire interface. The acoustic data is then reduced to features such as linear predictive, cepstrum and power spectrum coefficients. For robust estimation, only some of these coefficients are selected based on minimum intra-class variance and maximum inter-class distance criteria to train an artificial neural network (ANN) for classification. The road types can be grouped into: Asphalt, gravel, stone and snow with a correct classification rate of 91% for the test data. The predicted road-type is used to select the correct friction characteristic curve (μ-λ) which helps calculating the appropriate torque command for the particular road-tire condition. The system has been evaluated in extensive simulations and the results show that extreme torque values are supressed stabilising the vehicle for several driving scenarios in a more energy-efficient and robust manner compared to previous systems.
Eulerian modelling and computational fluid dynamics simulationof mono and polydisperse fluidized suspension (2008)

This research project is concerned with the Eulerian-Eulerian mathematical modelling of fluidized
suspensions. We first derive new averaged equations of motion for particulate systems made up of
a finite number of monodisperse particle classes; this clarifies the mathematical origin and physical
meaning of the terms featuring in the equations and allows to attain a well-posed multiphase model.
We then tackle the closure problem of the fluid-particle interaction force in monodisperse fluidized
suspensions, laying emphasis on the buoyancy, drag and elastic forces. We analyze critically several
constitutive relations used to express these forces, we identify their shortcomings and we advance new,
and more accurate, closure equations. To validate them we study, analytically and computationally,
the expansion and collapse of homogeneous fluidized beds and their transition to the bubbling regime,
comparing the result with experimental data.
We then address the mathematical modelling of polydisperse fluidized suspensions, which are
characterized by a continuous distribution of the particle properties, such as size or velocity. Here
we adopt a more powerful modelling approach based on the generalized population balance equation
(GPBE). Whereas the classical transport equations of continuum mechanics are three-dimensional,
the GPBE is usually higher-dimensional and incompatible with customary computational schemes.
To solve it, we use the method of moments (MOM), which resorts to a limited number of GPBE
moments to derive three-dimensional transport equations that can be handled by normal CFD codes.
The limited set of equations, which replaces the single multidimensional GPBE, keeps the problem
tractable when applied to complicated multiphase flows; the main obstacle to the method is that the
moment transport equations are mathematically unclosed.
To overcome the problem, we present two very efficient methods, the direct quadrature method
of moments (DQMOM) and the quadrature method of moments (QMOM). Both approximate the
volume density function (VDF) featuring in the GPBE by using a quadrature formula. The methods
are very flexible: the number of nodes in the quadrature corresponds to the number of disperse phases
simulated. The more the nodes, the better the quadrature approximation; more nodes, however, entail
also more complexity and more computational effort. For monovariate systems, i.e., systems with
only one internal coordinate in the generalized sense, the methods are entirely equivalent from a
theoretical standpoint; computationally, however, they differ substantially.
To conclude the work, we use DQMOM to simulate the dynamics of two polydisperse powders
initially arranged as two superposed, perfectly-segregated packed systems. As fluidization occurs,
the simulation tracks the evolution in time and physical space of the quadrature nodes and weights
and predicts the mixing attained by the system. To validate the method, we compare computational
predictions with experimental results.
Virus Vector-Mediated Rapid Protein Production in Nicotiana benthamiana: Effects of Temperature and Photosynthetic Photon Flux Density on Hemagglutinin Accumulation (2012)

Virus vector-mediated transgene expression enables rapid pharmaceutical protein production using plants, such as hemagglutinin (HA), a vaccine antigen of influenza virus. Here, effects of air temperature and photosynthetic photon flux density (PPFD) from the transgene introduction to harvest on recombinant HA content in Nicotiana benthamiana leaves were investigated. A deconstructed tobamovirus-based vector system (magnICON) was used for transient expression of HA. Plants were incubated at a PPFD of 100 (LP) or 300 (HP) μmol m−2 s−1 and an air temperature of 20 (LT) or 25 (HT) °C for 6 d after transgene introduction. At the harvest, high-level accumulation of intact HA of approximately 75 kDa was detected in leaves. Leaf HA content per unit dry weight in LT was three-times greater than that in HT. There was no significant difference in HA content between LP and HP regardless of temperature. The greater HA content in LT was positively correlated with a greater total soluble protein content, suggesting that not only HA but overall soluble proteins including HA were greater in LT than in HT. Thus, air temperature for plant incubation after transgene introduction can be a crucial environmental factor for HA productivity in virus vector-mediated transient expression systems.
Retrospective study of lameness cases in growing pigs associated with joint and leg submissions to a veterinary diagnostic laboratory (2019)

Objective: The objective of this study was to categorize and quantify the most common causes of joint- or leg-associated lameness by summarizing available information from cases presented to the Iowa State University Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory (ISU VDL) between 2010 and 2015. Materials and methods: All cases of lameness or locomotor dysfunction in 7- to 40-week-old pigs submitted to the ISU VDL between May 1, 2010 and April 30, 2015 were retrieved. After removing cases that did not meet the inclusion criteria, the remaining cases were individually reviewed and assigned a primary and secondary diagnosis. Results: Of the 1847 cases retrieved, 464 met the inclusion criteria. The 4 most common primary diagnosis categories were Mycoplasma hyosynoviae (93 cases; 20%), metabolic bone disease (86 cases; 18.5%), infectious arthritis due to non-Mycoplasma bacterial infection (81 cases; 17.5%), and lameness with inconclusive findings (101 cases; 21.8%). There were 23.3% of the cases (108 of 464 cases) that had a secondary diagnosis with metabolic bone disease (28.7%; 31 of 108 cases) identified as the most common secondary diagnosis. Implications: This study reinforces the importance of careful clinical examination, proper sampling, and confirming causes with appropriate diagnostic testing for accurate diagnosis of lameness.