gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Influence of Liquid Metal Properties on Particle Size of Inert Gas Atomised Powders (1996)

Fine tin powders were produced in a pilot plant gas atomiser. Nitrogen gas at 1·56 MPa pressure was used as the atomising agent in a ‘confined design’ nozzle which operated vertically upwards. A range of metal flowrates from 0·864 to 1·425 kg min−1 was studied at a melt temperature of 450°C. Powders were sized using dry sieving down to 45 μm and wet sieving for smaller sizes. The Sauter mean diameter of the powders varied from 9·01 to 10·28 μm, depending on the rate of production. The size distribution was bimodal (albeit not very well defined) with the peak separation at ∼44 μm. In the fine size range, particles were spherical, while those in the coarse range were more elongated or irregular in shape and free of satellites. Comparison of the tin powders with copper powders from another study, AA 2014 aluminium alloy powders, and magnesium and zinc powders from previous work showed that the differences in mean diameter and standard deviation are small among these common metals at a given volumetric production rate. This confirms the overriding importance of liquid metal volume flowrate under fixed gas flow conditions in gas atomisation, while the actual physical properties of the liquid playa secondary role. Although surface tension is secondary to volume flowrate in importance for controlling particle size, the study has shown that a liquid metal with lower surface tension and viscosity than AA 2014 alloy, together with a higher density, yields finer particles. PM/0667A
Mechanical disruption of individual nucleosomes reveals a reversible multistage release of DNA (2002)

The dynamic structure of individual nucleosomes was examined by stretching nucleosomal arrays with a feedback-enhanced optical trap. Forced disassembly of each nucleosome occurred in three stages. Analysis of the data using a simple worm-like chain model yields 76 bp of DNA released from the histone core at low stretching force. Subsequently, 80 bp are released at higher forces in two stages: full extension of DNA with histones bound, followed by detachment of histones. When arrays were relaxed before the dissociated state was reached, nucleosomes were able to reassemble and to repeat the disassembly process. The kinetic parameters for nucleosome disassembly also have been determined.
Patch-based and multiresolution optimum bilateral filters for denoising images corrupted by Gaussian noise (2015)

We propose optimal bilateral filtering techniques for Gaussian noise suppression in images. To achieve maximum denoising performance via optimal filter parameter selection, we adopt Stein’s unbiased risk estimate (SURE)—an unbiased estimate of the mean-squared error (MSE). Unlike MSE, SURE is independent of the ground truth and can be used in practical scenarios where the ground truth is unavailable. In our recent work, we derived SURE expressions in the context of the bilateral filter and proposed SURE-optimal bilateral filter (SOBF). We selected the optimal parameters of SOBF using the SURE criterion. To further improve the denoising performance of SOBF, we propose variants of SOBF, namely, SURE-optimal multiresolution bilateral filter (SMBF), which involves optimal bilateral filtering in a wavelet framework, and SURE-optimal patch-based bilateral filter (SPBF), where the bilateral filter parameters are optimized on small image patches. Using SURE guarantees automated parameter selection. The multiresolution and localized denoising in SMBF and SPBF, respectively, yield superior denoising performance when compared with the globally optimal SOBF. Experimental validations and comparisons show that the proposed denoisers perform on par with some state-of-the-art denoising techniques.
Improving the safety of health information technology requires shared responsibility: It is time we all step up (2017)

In 2011, an Institute of Medicine report on health information technology (IT) and patient safety highlighted that building health-IT for safer use is a shared responsibility between key stakeholders including: "vendors, care providers, healthcare organizations, health-IT departments, and public and private agencies". Use of electronic health records (EHRs) involves all these stakeholders, but they often have conflicting priorities and requirements. Since 2011, the concept of shared responsibility has gained little traction and EHR developers and users continue to attribute the substantial, long list of problems to each other. In this article, we discuss how these key stakeholders have complementary roles in improving EHR safety and must share responsibility to improve the current state of EHR use. We use real-world safety examples and outline a comprehensive shared responsibility approach to help guide development of future rules, regulations, and standards for EHR usability, interoperability and security as outlined in the 21st Century Cures Act. This approach clearly defines the responsibilities of each party and helps create appropriate measures for success. National and international policymakers must facilitate the local organizational and socio-political climate to stimulate the adoption of shared responsibility principles. When all major stakeholders are sharing responsibility, we will be more likely to usher in a new age of progress and innovation related to health IT.
A privacy preserving identification protocol for smart contracts (2021)

If on one hand the possibility of using pseudonymous identities is an important feature of blockchains and smart contracts, on the other hand official identity can be required in some applications to comply with regulations such as Know Your Customer and Anti Money Laundering. These regulatory compliance issues are usually dealt with either through “custo-dial” approaches, which however neutralize the decentralization of these systems, or with “whitelisting” mechanisms, that present critical issues with regard to privacy. In this paper we propose a protocol that allows only potentially identifiable users to use a given decentralized applications. The system ensures that users are identifiable only by a competent authority, under certain conditions, and that in any other case they remain pseudonyms. To evaluate performance and costs, we present an Ethereum implementation of the protocol.
MLL and CALM are fused to AF10 in morphologically distinct subsets of acute leukemia with translocation t(10;11): both rearrangements are associated with a poor prognosis. (1998)

The translocation t(10;11)(p13;q14) has been observed in acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) as well as acute myeloid leukemia (AML). A recent study showed a MLL/AF10 fusion in all cases of AML with t(10;11) and various breakpoints on chromosome 11 ranging from q13 to q23. We recently cloned CALM (Clathrin Assembly Lymphoid Myeloid leukemia gene), the fusion partner of AF10 at 11q14 in the monocytic cell line U937. To further define the role of these genes in acute leukemias, 10 cases (9 AML and 1 ALL) with cytogenetically proven t(10;11)(p12-14;q13-21) and well-characterized morphology, immunophenotype, and clinical course were analyzed. Interphase fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) was performed with 2 YACs flanking the CALM region, a YAC contig of the MLL region, and a YAC spanning the AF10 breakpoint. Rearrangement of at least one of these genes was detected in all cases with balanced t(10;11). In 4 cases, including 3 AML with immature morphology (1 AML-M0 and 2 AML-M1) and 1 ALL, the signals of the CALM YACS were separated in interphase cells, indicating a translocation breakpoint within the CALM region. MLL was rearranged in 3 AML with myelomonocytic differentiation (2 AML-M2 and 1 AML-M5), including 1 secondary AML. In all 3 cases, a characteristic immunophenotype was identified (CD4+, CD13-, CD33+, CD65s+). AF-10 was involved in 5 of 6 evaluable cases, including 1 case without detectable CALM or MLL rearrangement. In 2 complex translocations, none of the three genes was rearranged. All cases had a remarkably poor prognosis, with a mean survival of 9.6 +/- 6.6 months. For the 7 AML cases that were uniformly treated according to the AMLCG86/92 protocols, disease-free and overall survival was significantly worse than for the overall study group (P = .03 and P = .01, respectively). We conclude that the t(10;11)(p13;q14) indicates CALM and MLL rearrangements in morphologically distinct subsets of acute leukemia and may be associated with a poor prognosis.
Design, Synthesis, and Evaluation of Novel 2-Substituted 3-Hydroxypyridin-4-ones:  Structure−Activity Investigation of Metalloenzyme Inhibition by Iron Chelators (2002)

A range of novel 3-hydroxypyridin-4-ones with different R(2) substitutents has been synthesized for the investigation of the structure-activity relationship between the chemical nature of the ligand and the inhibitory activity of the iron-containing metalloenzyme 5-lipoxygenase. Results indicate that the molecular dimensions, together with the lipophilicity, have a critical impact on the ability of this class of chelator to inhibit 5-lipoxygenase. Hydrophilic ligands with a bulky R(2) substitutent tend to be weak inhibitors; thus 1,6-dimethyl-2-(4'-N-n-propylsuccinamido)methyl-3-hydroxypyridin-4(1H)-one (22b) which has the largest R(2) substitutent only caused 2% inhibition of the enzyme activity after 30 min incubation at 110 microM IBE (iron-binding equivalents), as compared with deferiprone which caused 40% inhibition of the enzyme activity, under the same conditions.
Construction And Control Of A Three-Dimensional Vocal Tract Model (2006)

We present a novel 3D vocal tract model and a method to control the articulatory movements of the model. The vocal tract model consists of 7 wireframe meshes that represent the three dimensional surfaces of the articulators and the vocal tract walls. 23 parameters determine the shape of the meshes. The articulatory movements in terms of the parameter curves are generated from a gestural description of an utterance. The work presented here is an integral part of a complete articulatory speech synthesizer for high quality synthesis
Bioinspired Iron Sulfide Nanoparticles for Cheap and Long-Lived Electrocatalytic Molecular Hydrogen Evolution in Neutral Water (2014)

Alternative materials to platinum-based catalysts are required to produce molecular hydrogen from water at low overpotentials. Transition-metal chalcogenide catalysts have attracted significant interest over the past few years because of their activity toward proton reduction and their relative abundance compared with platinum. We report the synthesis and characterization of a new type of iron sulfide (FeS, pyrrhotite) nanoparticles prepared via a solvothermal route. This material can achieve electrocatalysis for molecular hydrogen evolution with no structural decomposition or activity decrease for at least 6 days at a mild overpotential in neutral water at room temperature.
Soil Seed Bank Responses to Postfire Herbicide and Native Seeding Treatments Designed to Control <i>Bromus tectorum</i> in a Pinyon–Juniper Woodland at Zion National Park, USA (2013)

Abstract The continued threat of an invasive, annual brome ( Bromus ) species in the western United States has created the need for integrated approaches to postfire restoration. Additionally, the high germination rate, high seed production, and seed bank carryover of annual bromes points to the need to assay soil seed banks as part of monitoring programs. We sampled the soil seed bank to help assess the effectiveness of treatments utilizing the herbicide Plateau ® (imazapic) and a perennial native seed mix to control annual Bromus species and enhance perennial native plant establishment following a wildfire in Zion National Park, Utah. This study is one of few that have monitored the effects of imazapic and native seeding on a soil seed bank community and the only one that we know of that has done so in a pinyon–juniper woodland. The study made use of untreated, replicated controls, which is not common for seed bank studies. One year posttreatment, Bromus was significantly reduced in plots sprayed with herbicide. By the second year posttreatment, the effects of imazapic were less evident and convergence with the controls was evident. Emergence of seeded species was low for the duration of the study. Dry conditions and possible interactions with imazapic probably contributed to the lack of emergence of seeded native species. The perennial grass sand dropseed outperformed the other species included in the seed mix. We also examined how the treatments affected the soil seed bank community as a whole. We found evidence that the herbicide was reducing several native annual forbs and one nonnative annual forb. However, overall effects on the community were not significant. The results of our study were similar to what others have found in that imazapic is effective in providing a short-term reduction in Bromus density, although it can impact emergence of nontarget species.
Heat storage systems (2015)

AccessScience is an authoritative and dynamic online resource that contains incisively written, high-quality educational material covering all major scientific disciplines. An acclaimed gateway to scientific knowledge, AccessScience is continually expanding the ways it can demonstrate and explain core, trustworthy scientific information that inspires and guides users to deeper knowledge.
Reverse-conducting-IGBTs &#x2014; A new IGBT technology setting new benchmarks in traction converters (2013)

In this paper the main advantages of 6.5 kV Reverse Conducting IGBTs (RC-IGBTs) compared to state-of-the-art two-chip IGBT/Diode solutions for traction applications are discussed. The experimental results show the potential of RC-IGBTs as well as the increased requirements on the gate control strategy.
Contradirectional couplers in silicon-on-insulator rib waveguides (2011)

We demonstrate contradirectional couplers in silicon-on-insulator rib waveguides using a CMOS compatible technology, in which a periodic dielectric perturbation is introduced in the coupling region between two different-sized rib waveguides. This structure enables high fabrication tolerances for narrow-bandwidth add-drop filters, using commercially available deep-ultraviolet lithography, that do not suffer from having a free spectral range. The simulation using coupled-mode theory and mode-profile calculations shows good agreement with experiment. A narrow bandwidth of 0.35 nm and a low loss of less than 1 dB have been achieved experimentally.
Reconstruction of the local density of states in Ag(111) surfaces using scanning tunneling potentiometry (2007)

We present scanning tunneling microscopy data on clean Ag(111) surfaces in UHV. Standing-wave patterns of the surface state are investigated to study the influence of a thermal step across the tunnel junction on constant current topographies. When constant current topographies are measured at bias voltages below $10\phantom{\rule{0.3em}{0ex}}\mathrm{mV}$ with temperature differences of more than a few kelvins between tip and sample, the apparent corrugation is drastically increased. Constant current topographies at low bias voltages and finite temperature differences do not reveal the true local density of states of the surface. The apparent corrugation is caused by a spatial varying thermovoltage superimposed to the bias voltage while scanning the sample's local density of states. With the help of scanning tunneling potentiometry, the correct local density of states of the sample can be reconstructed.
Roomware: Toward the Next Generation of Human- Computer Interaction Based on an Integrated Design of Real and Virtual Worlds (2001)

The next generation of human-computer interaction (HCI) is determined by a number of new contexts and challenges that have evolved during the last five to ten years and will be evolving more rapidly in the next five to ten years. They are rooted in new, emerging technologies as well as in new application areas asking for new approaches and visions of the future beyond the year 2000. It is not the intention of this chapter to give a comprehensive account of all relevant new contexts. We focus on selected areas complementing other contributions in this book. There is no doubt that new developments in the fields of multimedia, hypertext /hypermedia (especially in their popular versions as World Wide Web-applications), three-dimensional representations, and virtual reality technology will have a great impact on the type of issues HCI has to address and on how interfaces will look in the future. Taken those developments as given, we present an approach and a framework that—at least so far—has not become a mainstream orientation for guiding design and development of the next generation of human-computer interaction. We are aware of the fact that there are related attempts, and we describe them. Nevertheless, there is still an indispensable need for a comprehensive framework. According to our view, the following four areas have to be integrated into an “umbrella” framework: 25
A rapid assay for the detection of circulating D-dimer is associated with clinical outcomes among critically ill patients (1998)

Our preliminary investigation suggests that the results from a rapid whole blood assay for the semiquantitative detection of circulating D-dimer are associated with clinical outcomes among patients admitted to a medical ICU. In addition, the use of D-dimer to identify the presence of active intravascular thrombosis may identify patients likely to benefit from antithrombotic therapies in the ICU setting.
A Nonparametric Approach for Assessing Latent Trait Unidimensionality (1987)

Assuming a nonparametric family of item response theory models, a theory-based procedure for testing the hypothesis of unidimensionality of the latent space is proposed. The asymptotic distribution of the test statistic is derived assuming unidimensionality, thereby establishing an asymptotically valid statistical test of the unidimensionality of the latent trait. Based upon a new notion of dimensionality, the test is shown to have asymptotic power 1. A 6300 trial Monte Carlo study using published item parameter estimates of widely used standardized tests indicates conservative adherence to the nominal level of significance and statistical power averaging 81 out of 100 rejections for examinee sample sizes and psychological test lengths often incurred in practice.
Multitarget interleaved tracking for phased-array radar (1980)

Use of multiple active devices in phased-array radars to generate r.f. power is becoming more interesting, owing to the technical advantages of solid-state components. Because the solid-state components have peak-power limitations instead of the mean-power limitations of traditional components, it is more cost effective to transmit signals with a high duty factor. Furthermore, one of the most important features of phased-array radars is the capability of performing simultaneous tracking on several targets. A method of interleaving pulse sequences for the multitarget tracking function, thus using a high duty factor, is reported. In particular, a technique of selecting the pulse repetition frequency (p.r.f.) and the transmission frequency is described, depending on the estimated radial velocity of each target, its accuracy, clutter spectral characteristics, and the interleaving algorithm efficiency. A simulation has been performed to evaluate the packing efficiency as a function of the pulse length, the duty factor of the transmitter, the number of targets and their range distribution. Consequently, a typical partitioning of the radar frame time among the different functions (tracking, search, confirmation etc.) has been determined for fixed and rotating phased-array antennas. Finally, an evaluation of computer loading to implement multitarget tracking is given.
Using Color Effectively (2016)

The proper use of color can affect the user’s decision about whether to stay with your website or switch to a more appealing one. Color can affect the mood of a website and also reflects the purpose of the site.
Palladium(II)-Catalyzed Cyclization of Olefinic Tosylamides (1996)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVCommunicationNEXTPalladium(II)-Catalyzed Cyclization of Olefinic TosylamidesRichard C. Larock, Timothy R. Hightower, Lisa A. Hasvold, and Karl P. PetersonView Author Information Department of Chemistry, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50011 Cite this: J. Org. Chem. 1996, 61, 11, 3584–3585Publication Date (Web):May 31, 1996Publication History Received28 November 1995Published online31 May 1996Published inissue 1 January 1996https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo952088ihttps://doi.org/10.1021/jo952088irapid-communicationACS PublicationsCopyright © 1996 American Chemical SocietyRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views4226Altmetric-Citations252LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (1)»Supporting Information Supporting Information SUBJECTS:Catalysts,Cyclization,Nitrogen,Palladium,Salts Get e-Alerts
Neuromodulation Improves the Evolution of Forward Models (2016)

Many animals predict the outcomes of their actions by internal models. Such "forward models'' enable animals to rapidly simulate many actions without performing them to choose an appropriate action. Robots would similarly benefit from forward models. However, such models must change over time to account for changes in the environment or body, such as injury. Thus, forward models must not only be accurate, but also adaptable. Neural networks can learn complex functions with high accuracy, hence they are suitable candidates to build forward models for robots. Generally, neural networks are static, which means once they pass the training phase, their weights remain unchanged and they thus cannot adapt themselves if something about the world or their body changes. Plastic neural networks change their connections over time via local learning rules (e.g. Hebbian rule) and can thus deal with unforeseen changes. A more complex, yet still biologically-inspired, technique is neuromodulation, which can change per-connection learning rates in different contexts. In this paper, we test the hypothesis that neuromodulation may improve the evolution of forward models because it can heighten learning after drastic changes such as injury. We compare forward models evolved with neuromodulation to those evolved with static neural networks and Hebbian plastic neural networks. The results show that neuromodulation produces forward models that can adapt to changes significantly better than the controls. Our findings suggest that neuromodulation is an effective tool for enabling robots (and artificial intelligence agents, more generally) to have more adaptable, effective forward models.