gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A Novel Mirror-Aided Non-Imaging Receiver for Indoor $2\times 2$ MIMO-Visible Light Communication Systems (2017)

Indoor visible light communication (VLC) systems are now possible because of advances in light emitting diode and laser diode technologies. These lighting technologies provide the foundation for multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) data transmission through visible light. However, the channel matrix can be strongly correlated in indoor MIMO-VLC systems, preventing parallel data streams from being decoded. Here, in 2 × 2 MIMO-VLC systems, we describe a mirror diversity receiver (MDR) design that reduces the channel correlation by both blocking the reception of light from one specific direction and improving the channel gain from light from another direction by utilizing a double-sided mirror deployed between the receiver's photodetectors. We report on the channel capacity of the MDR system and the optimal height of its mirrors in terms of maximum channel capacity. We also derived analytic results on the effect of rotation on MDR's performance. Based on numerical and experimental results, we show that the double-sided mirror has both constructive and destructive effects on the channel matrix. Our design can be used with previously described non-imaging systems to improve the performance of indoor VLC systems.
1-Acyl-1<i>H</i>-[1,2,4]triazole-3,5-diamine Analogues as Novel and Potent Anticancer Cyclin-Dependent Kinase Inhibitors:  Synthesis and Evaluation of Biological Activities (2005)

A series of 1-acyl-1H-[1,2,4]triazole-3,5-diamine analogues were synthesized as cyclin-dependent kinase (CDK) inhibitors. These compounds showed potent and selective CDK1 and CDK2 inhibitory activities and inhibited in vitro cellular proliferation in various human tumor cells. Representative compound 3b demonstrated in vivo efficacy in a human melanoma A375 xenograft model in nude mice.
Organic Solar Cells with Graphene Electrodes and Vapor Printed Poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) as the Hole Transporting Layers (2012)

For the successful integration of graphene as a transparent conducting electrode in organic solar cells, proper energy level alignment at the interface between the graphene and the adjacent organic layer is critical. The role of a hole transporting layer (HTL) thus becomes more significant due to the generally lower work function of graphene compared to ITO. A commonly used HTL material with ITO anodes is poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) (PEDOT) with poly(styrenesulfonate) (PSS) as the solid-state dopant. However, graphene's hydrophobic surface renders uniform coverage of PEDOT:PSS (aqueous solution) by spin-casting very challenging. Here, we introduce a novel, yet simple, vapor printing method for creating patterned HTL PEDOT layers directly onto the graphene surface. Vapor printing represents the implementation of shadow masking in combination with oxidative chemical vapor deposition (oCVD). The oCVD method was developed for the formation of blanket (i.e., unpatterened) layers of pure PEDOT (i.e., no PSS) with systematically variable work function. In the unmasked regions, vapor printing produces complete, uniform, smooth layers of pure PEDOT over graphene. Graphene electrodes were synthesized under low-pressure chemical vapor deposition (LPCVD) using a copper catalyst. The use of another electron donor material, tetraphenyldibenzoperiflanthene, instead of copper phthalocyanine in the organic solar cells also improves the power conversion efficiency. With the vapor printed HTL, the devices using graphene electrodes yield comparable performances to the ITO reference devices (η(p,LPCVD) = 3.01%, and η(p,ITO) = 3.20%).
Sketch abstractions for character posing (2015)

We propose a sketch-based posing system for rigged 3D characters that allows artists to create custom sketch abstractions on top of a character's actual shape. A sketch abstraction is composed of rigged curves that form an iconographic 2D representation of the character from a particular viewpoint. When provided with a new input sketch, our optimization system minimizes a nonlinear iterative closest point energy to find the rigging parameters that best align the character's sketch abstraction to the input sketch. A custom regularization term addresses the underconstrained nature of the problem to select favorable poses. Although our system supports arbitrary black-box rigs, we show how to optimize computations when rigging formulas and derivatives are available. We demonstrate our system's flexibility with examples showing different artist-designed sketch abstractions for both full body posing and the customization of individual components of a modular character. Finally, we show that simple sketch abstractions can be built on the fly by projecting a drawn curve onto the character's mesh. Redrawing the curve allows the user to dynamically pose the character. Taken together, our system enables a new form of intuitive sketch-based posing in which the character designer has the freedom to prescribe the sketch abstraction that is most meaningful for the character.
Prophylactic Protection Against Respiratory Viruses Conferred by a Prototype Live Attenuated Influenza Virus Vaccine (2021)

The influenza A non-structural protein 1 (NS1) is known for its ability to hinder the synthesis of type I interferon (IFN) during viral infection. Influenza viruses lacking NS1 (ΔNS1) are under clinical development as live attenuated human influenza virus vaccines and induce potent influenza virus-specific humoral and cellular adaptive immune responses. Attenuation of ΔNS1 influenza viruses is due to their high IFN inducing properties, that limit their replication in vivo. This study demonstrates that pre-treatment with a ΔNS1 virus results in an immediate antiviral state which prevents subsequent replication of homologous and heterologous viruses, preventing disease from virus respiratory pathogens, including SARS-CoV-2. Our studies suggest that ΔNS1 influenza viruses could be used for the prophylaxis of influenza, SARS-CoV-2 and other human respiratory viral infections, and that an influenza virus vaccine based on ΔNS1 live attenuated viruses would confer broad protection against influenza virus infection from the moment of administration, first by non-specific innate immune induction, followed by specific adaptive immunity.
Laser-Induced Differential Fluorescence for Cancer Diagnosis without Biopsy (1997)

An optical diagnostic procedure based on laser-induced fluorescence was developed for direct in vivo cancer diagnosis without requiring biopsy. The methodology was applied in a clinical study involving over 100 patients in order to differentiate normal tissue from malignant tumors of the esophagus. Endogenous fluorescence of normal and malignant tissues was measured directly with the use of a fiber-optic probe inserted through an endoscope. The measurements were performed in vivo during routine endoscopy. Detection of the fluorescence signal from the tissue was performed with the use of laser excitation. This report describes the differential normalized fluorescence (DNF) procedure using the amplified spectral differences between the normalized fluorescence of malignant tissue and normal mucosa. The results of this DNF approach were compared with histopathology results of the biopsy samples and indicated excellent agreement in the classification of normal tissue and malignant tumors for the samples investigated. Data related to various grades of Barrett's esophagus are discussed. The DNF procedure could lead to the development of a rapid and cost-effective technique for cancer diagnosis.
Feed-forward active filter for output ripple cancellation (1994)

An active filter for DC-DC converter ripple cancellation is described and demonstrated. The feed-forward technique used applies to any converter with an output filter inductor. The technique is inherently stable, performs in both continuous and discontinuous conduction modes, and applies to both square-wave and resonant converters. A suitable linear amplifier, combined with a current transformer, implements it with low loss. An adaptive tuning scheme compensates for inductance variation and drift. Operation is demonstrated with buck, push-pull, and boost converter topologies. The result is output ripple below 10 mV RMS, effective on converters with outputs as low as 2 V and currents above 30 A.
Evidence that the reduced surface antigenicity of developing <i>Schistosoma mansoni</i> schistosomula is due to antigen shedding rather than host molecule acquisition (1986)

Antibody and lectin binding characteristics of Schistosoma mansoni schistosomula maturing in vivo and in vitro were quantitatively assessed and compared in order to investigate the basis of the reduced surface antigenicity of host derived larval schistosomes. Quantitative indirect immunofluorescence assays showed that schistosomula recovered from mice at 24 h and 5-10 days post infection bound low or insignificant amounts of a variety of anti-schistosome antibodies including those from chronically infected and radiation attenuated cercariae-vaccinated mice, a vaccinated rabbit and rabbits hyper-immunized with non-living larval and adult schistosome antigen preparations. In contrast, parasites maturing in vitro continued to bind highly significant levels of each of these antibody preparations until at least 10 days post transformation. To investigate the basis of the decreased surface antigenicity of parasites maturing in vivo, 6-day-cultured parasites were injected intravenously into mice and recovered from the lungs at various times thereafter and examined for their ability to bind both anti-parasite and anti-host antibodies. After 30 min in vivo, cultured schistosomula exhibited a significantly decreased capacity to bind anti-parasite antibodies and concanavalin A (Con A), and by 16 h had lost their binding sites for fucose binding protein (FBP) as well. That this reduction in antigenicity was due to shedding of surface antigens was suggested by the observation that the reduced ability of these parasites to bind anti-parasite antibodies coincided closely with the loss of 125I-labelled surface proteins. Furthermore unlike 6 day schistosomula which had developed wholly in vivo, 6-day-cultured parasites recovered after 30 min in vivo failed to bind anti-host antibodies suggesting that in these organisms parasite antigens were not masked by host molecules. These data argue that surface antigen shedding may explain the reduced surface antigenicity of schistosomula developing in vivo. While this surface modulation apparently occurs independently of host antigen uptake, it is dependent upon an as yet unidentified host factor.
Development of a three-dimensional physiological model of the internal anal sphincter bioengineered in vitro from isolated smooth muscle cells (2005)

Fecal incontinence affects people of all ages and social backgrounds and can have devastating psychological and economic consequences. This disorder is largely attributed to decreased mechanical efficiency of the internal anal sphincter (IAS), yet little is known about the pathophysiological mechanisms responsible for the malfunction of sphincteric smooth muscle at the cellular level. The object of this study was to develop a three-dimensional (3-D) physiological model of the IAS bioengineered in vitro from isolated smooth muscle cells. Smooth muscle cells isolated from the IAS of rabbits were seeded in culture on top of a loose fibrin gel, where they migrated and self-assembled in circumferential alignment. As the cells proliferated, the fibrin gel contracted around a 5-mm-diameter SYLGARD mold, resulting in a 3-D cylindrical ring of sphincteric tissue. We found that 1) the bioengineered IAS rings generated a spontaneous basal tone, 2) stimulation with 8-bromo-cAMP (8-Br-cAMP) caused a sustained decrease in the basal tone (relaxation) that was calcium-independent, 3) upon stimulation with ACh, bioengineered IAS rings showed a calcium- and concentration-dependent peak contraction at 30 s that was sustained for 4 min, 4) addition of 8-Br-cAMP induced rapid relaxation of ACh-induced contraction and force generation of IAS rings, and 5) bioengineered sphincter rings show striking functional differences when compared with bioengineered rings made from isolated colonic smooth muscle cells. This is the first report of a 3-D in vitro model of a gastrointestinal smooth muscle IAS. Bioengineered IAS rings demonstrate physiological functionality and may be used in the elucidation of the mechanisms causing sphincter malfunction.
A recombinant retrovirus carrying a non-producer human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) type 1 variant induces resistance to superinfecting HIV (1993)

A human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) type 1-infected Hut-78 cell clone (F12) shows a peculiar phenotype: it exhibits an altered viral protein pattern, is a nonproducer and is resistant to homologous superinfection. To determine whether this phenotype is dependent upon the expression of the HIV-1 genome integrated therein, the SstI/SstI F12 provirus [deprived of HIV long terminal repeats (LTRs)] was cloned and inserted in the pLj retroviral vector bearing the neomycin (neo) and Geneticin resistance gene. CD4+ HIV-susceptible CEMss cells (a CEM clone able to form large syncytia 2 to 3 days post-HIV infection) were infected with the recombinant retroviruses rescued from the F12/HIV-pLj-transfected (in either sense or antisense orientation) amphotropic packaging cells PA 317. Neo sense resistant gene clones showed approximately 10 copies of viral DNA/cell (without detectable major deletions) only in episomal form, low viral RNA expression and a viral protein pattern characterized by an uncleaved gp160, no gp41 and little, if any, p55 gag precursor (as in F12 cells). Superinfection of these F12/HIV DNA-engineered clones with HIV-1 resulted in a significant reduction in the yield of superinfecting HIV. This effect (more pronounced when the clones were maintained under neo selective pressure) was observed in all five retrovirus-infected clones exhibiting the presence and expression of sense episomal F12/HIV DNA but not in two clones bearing an antisense F12/HIV DNA or in one clone bearing only the pLj vector. These results indicate that bio-engineered human CD4+ cells expressing the F12/HIV genome exhibit a significant resistance to HIV superinfection.
Advanced imaging optics enabled by ultra-thin, all-dielectric metasurfaces (Conference Presentation) (2020)

Optical metasurfaces consist of nanostructured meta-atom arrays that allow on-demand manipulation of the phase, amplitude and polarization of light. The promise of metasurface optics lies in the arbitrary wavefront control with an optically-thin, flat/conformal form factor and subwavelength-arrayed device architecture, in drastic contrast to traditional bulk optics. In this talk, we’ll discuss opportunities and challenges of using metasurfaces in imaging systems. We further present novel imaging optics and architectures enabled by ultra-thin, all-dielectric metasurfaces, such as ultra-wide field-of-view and reconfigurable meta-optics with unprecedented optical performance. We show that the judicially-engineered meta-optics can significantly boost the imaging performance, allow new functionalities and effectively reduce the size, weight, power and cost (SWaP-C) of future optical systems.
Source adaptive software 2D iDCT with SIMD (2002)

This paper presents a fast two-dimensional inverse discrete cosine transform that adapts to compressed video source statistics to reduce execution time. iDCT algorithms for sparse blocks eliminate calculations for some zero coefficients and are implemented with quad-word parallel single-instruction-multiple-data (SIMD) multimedia instructions. It is observed that end-of-block marker value histograms vary little within single shots. An adaptive control mechanism is proposed that chooses the optimal set of iDCTs to prepare for an entire shot from its 1st frames (to reduce software overheads and penalties). This introduces no degradation of decoded video quality compared with a conventional SIMD 8/spl times/8 iDCT implemented with Intel MMX instructions. It is confirmed that execution time is reduced an additional 15% with Murata's method for 4 Mbps MPEG2 natural video. In comparison, execution time is reduced 22% with a modified version Murata's method, and by 35% with the new source adaptive method.
BIOMECHANICAL ANALYSIS OF DIFFERENT PROSTHETIC TECHNOLOGIES FOR TRANS-FEMORAL AMPUTEES DURING SLOPE DESCENT (2018)

INTRODUCTION Lower limb amputees have different biomechanics to able-bodied people when walking on slopes1,2, often struggling to negotiate different gradients safely. Loss of proprioception and muscular control contributes to this issue, which is a particular problem for trans-femoral amputees, where both ankle and knee joints are absent. Studies have shown that prosthetic technologies can have benefits for slope negotiation. The aim of this study was to isolate the specific effects of different trans-femoral prosthetic technologies, by applying each additional mechanism incrementally. Abstract PDF Link: https://jps.library.utoronto.ca/index.php/cpoj/article/view/32012/24431 How to cite: Stech N, McGrath M, Laszczak P, Kercher A, Zahedi S, Moser D. BIOMECHANICAL ANALYSIS OF DIFFERENT PROSTHETIC TECHNOLOGIES FOR TRANS-FEMORAL AMPUTEES DURING SLOPE DESCENT. CANADIAN PROSTHETICS & ORTHOTICS JOURNAL, VOLUME 1, ISSUE 2, 2018; ABSTRACT, POSTER PRESENTATION AT THE AOPA’S 101ST NATIONAL ASSEMBLY, SEPT. 26-29, VANCOUVER, CANADA, 2018. DOI: https://doi.org/10.33137/cpoj.v1i2.32012  Abstracts were Peer-reviewed by the American Orthotic Prosthetic Association (AOPA) 101st National Assembly Scientific Committee.  http://www.aopanet.org/
Closing performances of double‐gap laser‐triggered vacuum switch (2020)

Abstract To develop high‐voltage‐pulsed power switches with better performances, a multi‐gap laser‐triggered vacuum switch is proposed in this study. Based on established test prototype for double‐gap laser‐triggered vacuum switch, closing processes of double‐gap laser‐triggered vacuum switch are discussed combined with laser‐produced plasma. Closing performances of double‐gap laser‐triggered vacuum switch under different gap polarity configurations, operating voltages, laser energies and laser split ratios are investigated. Closing time delay characteristics of double‐gap laser‐triggered vacuum switch and single‐gap laser‐triggered vacuum switch are compared later. The test results prove that, affected by the imbalanced developed initial plasma between gaps, double‐gap laser‐triggered vacuum switch with two positive gaps and 1:1 laser split ratio presents best closing performances than other switches. With the rise of laser energy, closing delay time and jitter time of double‐gap laser‐triggered vacuum switch both decrease, while the influences from increasing voltages are weak. Closing delay time of P–P type double‐gap laser‐triggered vacuum switch can be controlled within 103 ± 1.5 ns under 90 mJ laser energy, and it is about 10 ns longer than single‐gap laser‐triggered vacuum switch. For some direct current applications with changing voltage directions, P–N type double‐gap laser‐triggered vacuum switch with 1:1 laser split ratio shows more stable closing performances. In addition, closing performances of double‐gap laser‐triggered vacuum switch can be further improved by optimizing the developments of initial plasma in series gaps.
Sensor Placement Optimization for Water Quality Model Calibration (2014)

Several sophisticated methods have been developed for water quality (WQ) sensor placement in water distribution system analysis, but most are geared toward mitigating water security concerns, including but not limited to contaminant detection, chemical intrusion, or terroristic attacks. The WQ sensor or logger placement has been less concerned for the water quality monitoring or field data collection to conduct WQ model calibration. The sensor locations are conventionally determined in an ad hoc manner, based on geographic coverage, pipe diameter, pipe material, distance to the source, and accessibility. This paper presents a new methodology for helping engineers to identify the near optimal locations of WQ sensors for WQ model calibration. The approach maximizes the sensory network efficiency and the coverage of the pipes due to wall reaction coefficient adjustments that are the primary model parameters for WQ model calibration. This new method allows us to collect good data to calibrate a WQ model.
Accurate detection and classification of heterozygous indels by direct sequencing / 1550/F4 (2004)

A heterozygous insertion/deletion (indel) mutation is defined by the presence of two alleles differing by an insertion or deletion---a length polymorphism. It has been estimated that 20% of the polymorphisms in the human genome are length polymorphisms. However the direct sequencing of heterozygous individuals is complicated by a “phase shift” in the electropherogram trace at the site of the indel mutation. Quality-based sequencing pipelines discard this data as noise or spend significant time and effort trying to call the polymorphism correctly. Starting with SeqScape ® Software v2.0, we introduced an algorithm to predict when samples were exhibiting the presence of a heterozygous indel mutation (HIM). This algorithm has been refined in subsequent releases of the software to include basecalling the inserted/deleted sequence, mapping the polymorphism to the reference sequence, displaying the mutation in the HUGO-approved format, and assigning a quality value to the mutation. Recently we have been able to improve the algorithm further by accumulating numerous in-house and customer examples of this trace feature and developing a pipeline for annotation and automated testing. Results from this testing show a significant improvement in the ability of the software to correctly call heterozygous indel mutations versus earlier analysis pipelines. This ability to accurately detect and characterize heterozygous indels offers a valuable solution to a previously difficult problem in the analysis of resequencing data.