gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Policy-Based Integration of Provenance Metadata (2011)

Reproducibility has been a cornerstone of the scientific method for hundreds of years. The range of sources from which data now originates, the diversity of the individual manipulations performed, and the complexity of the orchestrations of these operations all limit the reproducibility that a scientist can ensure solely by manually recording their actions. We use an architecture where aggregation, fusion, and composition policies define how provenance records can be automatically merged to facilitate the analysis and reproducibility of experiments. We show that the overhead of collecting and storing provenance metadata can vary dramatically depending on the policy used to integrate it.
Synthesis and Biological Evaluation of Curcumin Derivatives with Water-Soluble Groups as Potential Antitumor Agents: An in Vitro Investigation Using Tumor Cell Lines (2015)

Three series of curcumin derivatives including phosphorylated, etherified, and esterified products of curcumin were synthesized, and their anti-tumor activities were assessed against human breast cancer MCF-7, hepatocellular carcinoma Hep-G2, and human cervical carcinoma HeLa cells. Compared with curcumin, compounds 3, 8, and 9 exhibited stronger antitumor cell line growth activities against HeLa cells. Compound 12 also showed higher antitumor cell line growth activities on MCF-7 cells than curcumin. Among them, 4-((1E,6E)-7-(4-Hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)-3,5-dioxohepta-1,6-dienyl)-2-methoxyphenyl dihydrogen phosphate(3) showed the strongest activity with an half maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) of 6.78 µM against HeLa cells compared with curcumin with an IC50 of 17.67 µM. Stabilities of representatives of the three series were tested in rabbit plasma in vitro, and compounds 3 and 4 slowly released curcumin in plasma. The effect of compound 3 on HeLa cell apoptosis was determined by examining morphological changes by DAPI (4',6-diamidino-2-phenylindole) staining as well as Annexin V-FITC/ Propidium Iodide (PI) double staining and flow cytometry. The results showed that 3 induced cellular apoptosis in a dose-dependent manner. Together our findings show that 3 merits further investigation as a new potential antitumor drug candidate.
Attenuator And Conditioner (2023)

An apparatus and method of attenuating and/or conditioning optical energy for an optical transmitter, receiver or transceiver module is disclosed. An apparatus for attenuating the optical output of an optoelectronic connector including: a mounting surface; an array of optoelectronic devices having at least a first end; an array of optical elements having at least a first end; the first end of the array of optical elements optically aligned with the first end of the array of optoelectronic devices; an optical path extending from the first end of the array of optoelectronic devices and ending at a second end of the array of optical elements; and an attenuator in the optical path for attenuating the optical energy emitted from the array of optoelectronic devices. Alternatively, a conditioner may be adapted in the optical path for conditioning the optical energy emitted from the array of optoelectronic devices.
Building Secure and Anonymous Communication Channel: Formal Model and its Prototype Implementation (2014)

Various techniques need to be combined to realize anonymously authenticated communication. Cryptographic tools enable anonymous user authentication while anonymous communication protocols hide users' IP addresses from service providers. One simple approach for realizing anonymously authenticated communication is their simple combination, but this gives rise to another issue; how to build a secure channel. The current public key infrastructure cannot be used since the user's public key identifies the user. To cope with this issue, we propose a protocol that uses identity-based encryption for packet encryption without sacrificing anonymity, and group signature for anonymous user authentication. Communications in the protocol take place through proxy entities that conceal users' IP addresses from service providers. The underlying group signature is customized to meet our objective and improve its efficiency. We also introduce a proof-of-concept implementation to demonstrate the protocol's feasibility. We compare its performance to SSL communication and demonstrate its practicality, and conclude that the protocol realizes secure, anonymous, and authenticated communication between users and service providers with practical performance.
Amebiasis (1978)

AMEBIASIS, infection with the small protozoan parasite Entamoeba histolytica, is present throughout the world. It is usually asymptomatic (commensal), but may produce dysentery, an intestinal mass lesion or extraintestinal lesions, particularly abscess of the liver.Two forms of the parasite are found in stool specimens: the cyst form (10 to 20 μm in external diameter) is predominant in formed specimens, and the actively motile trophozoite form (12 to 50 μm) in the mucoid and bloody stools of patients with symptomatic intestinal amebiasis. E. histolytica cysts passed in the stool are immediately infectious for others. Infection results only from ingestion of . . .
Cognitive Radio Network and Network Service Chaining toward 5G: Challenges and Requirements (2017)

Cognitive radio is a promising technology that answers the spectrum scarcity problem arising from the growth of usage of wireless networks and mobile services. Cognitive radio network edge computing will enhance the CRN capabilities and, along with some adjustments in its operation, will be a key technology for 5G heterogeneous network deployment. This article presents current requirements and challenges in CRN, and a review of the limited research work on the CRN cloud, which will take off CRN capabilities and 5G network requirements and challenges. The article proposes a cognitive radio edge computing access server deployment for network service chaining at the access layer level.
Calcium-free dialyzate: development and applications. (1989)

A calcium-free, bicarbonate-containing concentrate was prepared for hemodialysis, which, after dilution, gave analyzed concentrations of sodium of 146 mmol/l, Cl 110 mmol/l, HCO3 of 35 mmol/l and pH of 8.3. When compared with standard bicarbonate dialysis, no important differences in blood chemistries, symptoms or signs were seen. The solution has been trouble-free in over 300 dialyses. Total amount of calcium lost uncorrected for time, dialyzer or blood flow was 40.6 +/- 1.1 mmol, n = 62. This loss was replaced by a calcium infusion into the venous line giving 40 mmol calcium over 4 h. The dialyzate calcium loss could be accurately predicted by sampling without collecting the total dialyzate volume. The uses of this concentrate for bicarbonate dialysis, citrate anticoagulation and avoidance of hypercalcemia in patients treated with oral calcium for phosphate binding is discussed.
Fully alternating and regioselective ring-opening copolymerization of phthalic anhydride with epoxides using highly active metal-free Lewis pairs as a catalyst (2018)

Cooperative metal-free Lewis pairs effectively catalysed controlled ring-opening copolymerization of phthalic anhydride (PA) with epoxides.
Development of very high force hydraulic McKibben artificial muscle and its application to shape-adaptable power hand (2009)

By applying ultra high strength PBO fiber sleeves to McKibben artificial muscle, new hydraulic artificial muscles have been developed. While conventional McKibben muscles are driven by maximum pneumatic pressure of 0.7 MPa, the newly developed muscles are driven by water hydraulic of maximum pressure of 4 MPa, resulting in very high force capability. This paper shows the new artificial muscle, its performance and application to shape-adaptable power hand. The developed muscles were evaluated by four parameters, namely force density per volume (FDV), force density per mass (FDM), energy density per volume (EDV) and energy density per mass (EDM) for comparisons with other conventional linear actuators. The prototype artificial muscle, which is 40 mm in diameter and 700 mm in length can achieve the maximum contracting force of 28 kN, FDV of 32.3×10 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">-3</sup> N/mm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3</sup> , FDM of 9.44×10 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3</sup> N/kg, EDV of 2600×10 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">-3</sup> J/mm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3</sup> and EDM of 762×10 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3</sup> J/kg. These values are 1.7 to 33 times larger than these of the typical conventional actuators. The developed muscles have been applied to a power hand which has shape adaptability to grasped objects. This hand can generate high force and grasp objects, which weighs about 230 kg both in horizontal and vertical direction.
Alendronate inhalation ameliorates elastase-induced pulmonary emphysema in mice by induction of apoptosis of alveolar macrophages (2015)

Alveolar macrophages play a crucial role in the pathogenesis of emphysema, for which there is currently no effective treatment. Bisphosphonates are widely used to treat osteoclast-mediated bone diseases. Here we show that delivery of the nitrogen-containing bisphosphonate alendronate via aerosol inhalation ameliorates elastase-induced emphysema in mice. Inhaled, but not orally ingested, alendronate inhibits airspace enlargement after elastase instillation, and induces apoptosis of macrophages in bronchoalveolar fluid via caspase-3- and mevalonate-dependent pathways. Cytometric analysis indicates that the F4/80(+)CD11b(high)CD11c(mild) population characterizing inflammatory macrophages, and the F4/80(+)CD11b(mild)CD11c(high) population defining resident alveolar macrophages take up substantial amounts of the bisphosphonate imaging agent OsteoSense680 after aerosol inhalation. We further show that alendronate inhibits macrophage migratory and phagocytotic activities and blunts the inflammatory response of alveolar macrophages by inhibiting nuclear factor-κB signalling. Given that the alendronate inhalation effectively induces apoptosis in both recruited and resident alveolar macrophages, we suggest this strategy may have therapeutic potential for the treatment of emphysema.
Prolonged Alleviation of Tactile Allodynia by Intravenous Lidocaine in Neuropathic Rats (1995)

Intravenous, but not intrathecal or regionally applied, lidocaine produces dose-dependent suppression of allodynia associated with nerve injury. The effects far outlast plasma concentrations of lidocaine. The mechanism of these prolonged effects is unknown.
Holographic microwave imaging for medical applications (2013)

This paper presents a new 2D holographic microwave imaging array (HMIA) technique for medical imaging applications. The HMIA technique has been applied to early stage breast cancer detection and brain stroke detection. Computer models are developed to demonstrate the feasibility of detecting and localizing small brain strokes within a 2D numerical head model and breast tumours within a 3D numerical breast model using the HMIA technique. Experimental validation of the HMIA simulation model using a breast phantom has been undertaken and demonstrated a good agreement between experimental and simulated images. Simulation and experimental results showed that the proposed HMIA technique has the potential to become a powerful medical screening and diagnostic tool.
Diversity of influenza viruses in swine and the emergence of a novel human pandemic influenza A (H1N1) (2009)

The novel H1N1 influenza virus that emerged in humans in Mexico in early 2009 and transmitted efficiently in the human population with global spread has been declared a pandemic strain. Here we review influenza infections in swine since 1918 and the introduction of different avian and human influenza virus genes into swine influenza viruses of North America and Eurasia. These introductions often result in viruses of increased fitness for pigs that occasionally transmit to humans. The novel virus affecting humans is derived from a North American swine influenza virus that has acquired two gene segments [Neuraminidase (NA) and Matrix (M)] from the European swine lineages. This reassortant appears to have increased fitness in humans. The potential for increased virulence in humans and of further reassortment between the novel H1N1 influenza virus and oseltamivir resistant seasonal H1N1 or with highly pathogenic H5N1 influenza stresses the need for urgent pandemic planning.
Computationally Generated Cardiac Biomarkers for Risk Stratification After Acute Coronary Syndrome (2011)

The existing tools for estimating the risk of death in patients after they experience acute coronary syndrome are commonly based on echocardiography and clinical risk scores (for example, the TIMI risk score). These identify a small group of high-risk patients who account for only a minority of the deaths that occur in patients after acute coronary syndrome. Here, we investigated the use of three computationally generated cardiac biomarkers for risk stratification in this population: morphologic variability (MV), symbolic mismatch (SM), and heart rate motifs (HRM). We derived these biomarkers from time-series analyses of continuous electrocardiographic data collected from patients in the TIMI-DISPERSE2 clinical trial through machine learning and data mining methods designed to extract information that is difficult to visualize directly in these data. We evaluated these biomarkers in a blinded, prespecified, and fully automated study on more than 4500 patients in the MERLIN-TIMI36 (Metabolic Efficiency with Ranolazine for Less Ischemia in Non-ST-Elevation Acute Coronary Syndrome-Thrombolysis in Myocardial Infarction 36) clinical trial. Our results showed a strong association between all three computationally generated cardiac biomarkers and cardiovascular death in the MERLIN-TIMI36 trial over a 2-year period after acute coronary syndrome. Moreover, the information in each of these biomarkers was independent of the information in the others and independent of the information provided by existing clinical risk scores, electrocardiographic metrics, and echocardiography. The addition of MV, SM, and HRM to existing metrics significantly improved model discrimination, as well as the precision and recall of prediction rules based on left ventricular ejection fraction. These biomarkers can be extracted from data that are routinely captured from patients with acute coronary syndrome and will allow for more accurate risk stratification and potentially for better patient treatment.
Put that where? voice and gesture at the graphics interface (1998)

A person stands in front of a large projection screen on which is shown a checked floor. They say, "Make a table," and a wooden table appears in the middle of the floor."On the table, place a vase," they gesture using a fist relative to palm of their other hand to show the relative location of the vase on the table. A vase appears at the correct location."Next to the table place a chair." A chair appears to the right of the table."Rotate it like this," while rotating their hand causes the chair to turn towards the table."View the scene from this direction," they say while pointing one hand towards the palm of the other. The scene rotates to match their hand orientation. In a matter of moments, a simple scene has been created using natural speech and gesture. The interface of the future? Not at all; Koons, Thorisson and Bolt demonstrated this work in 1992 [23]. Although research such as this has shown the value of combining speech and gesture at the interface, most computer graphics are still being developed with tools no more intuitive than a mouse and keyboard. This need not be the case. Current speech and gesture technologies make multimodal interfaces with combined voice and gesture input easily achievable. There are several commercial versions of continuous dictation software currently available, while tablets and pens are widely supported in graphics applications. However, having this capability doesn't mean that voice and gesture should be added to every modeling package in a haphazard manner. There are numerous issues that must be addressed in order to develop an intuitive interface that uses the strengths of both input modalities.In this article we describe motivations for adding voice and gesture to graphical applications, review previous work showing different ways these modalities may be used and outline some general interface guidelines. Finally, we give an overview of promising areas for future research. Our motivation for writing this is to spur developers to build compelling interfaces that will make speech and gesture as common on the desktop as the keyboard and mouse.
Vicriviroc in Combination Therapy with an Optimized Regimen for Treatment‐Experienced Subjects: 48‐Week Results of the VICTOR‐E1 Phase 2 Trial (2010)

NCT00243230 .
Is there a place for the late cardioversion of atrial fibrillation?. A long-term follow-up study of patients with post-thyrotoxic atrial fibrillation (2000)

Although a relationship between the duration of fibrillation and maintenance of sinus rhythm was found, the high proportion remaining in sinus rhythm, compared with other series, suggests this influence may be less important than the presence or absence of structural heart disease.
Getting the most from SiC MOSFETs: Optimizing conduction and switching losses for high performance power electronics applications (2009)

It is important to understand the properties of SiC MOSFETs that should be optimized to enhance the performance of advanced power. In this paper, the authors quantify the impact of the specific on-resistance and switching loss on determining the device current rating of SiC MOSFETs. This analysis is based on DC and transient characterization of GE 1200 V SiC MOSFETs with specific on-resistance of 5.2 m¿-cm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> . The total device power dissipation including conduction and switching losses are quantified.
P273 Efficacy and safety of upadacitinib maintenance treatment for moderate to severe Crohn’s disease: Results from the CELEST study (2018)

The efficacy and safety of upadacitinib (UPA), an oral selective JAK1 inhibitor, as induction therapy were reported in patients with moderate to severe Crohn’s disease (CD) who had inadequate response/intolerance to an immunomodulator or tumour necrosis factor antagonist. [1] Results from the extension phase of the CELEST study are described. All patients who completed the 16-week induction phase were re-randomised 1:1:1 to receive double-blind immediate release formulation of UPA at 3 mg twice daily (BID), 12 mg BID or 24 mg daily (QD) for 36 weeks. The 24 mg QD arm was later stopped and a 6 mg BID arm was initiated to evaluate an intermediate maintenance dose. Clinical remission, modified clinical remission, clinical response, endoscopic remission, endoscopic response (all defined in Table), CDAI <150, and change from BL in C-reactive protein (hsCRP) and faecal calprotectin (FC) were analysed at week 52 in patients who received UPA induction therapy and achieved clinical response with or without endoscopic response at week 16. Non-responder imputation was applied to patients who received open label UPA, prematurely discontinued prior to week 52 or initiated corticosteroid or received dose higher than BL. Last observation carried forward was used for missing post-BL hsCRP and FC data. Adverse events (AEs) were collected throughout the study up to 30 days after the last UPA dose. A total of 153 patients who received UPA induction therapy were analysed for efficacy endpoints among 180 patients re-randomised at Week 16. Dose-dependent increases in rates of modified clinical remission and endoscopic remission were observed with the 3, 6, and 12 mg BID arms (Table). Rates of clinical, enhanced clinical, and endoscopic responses were generally higher in the 6 and 12 mg BID arms. In the safety population (n = 178), no dose-dependent effect was observed in UPA at 3, 6, 12 mg BID and 24 mg QD for AEs (45/60 [75.0%], 14/23 [60.9%], 43/59 [72.9%] , and 23/36 [63.9%]), serious AEs (15 [25%], 2 [8.7%], 5 [8.5%], 4 [11.1%]) and infections (22 [36.7%], 6 [26.1%], 22 [37.3%], and 10 [27.8%]). Two malignancies (Hodgkin’s disease and malignant neoplasm of thymus) occurred in the 12 mg BID arm. No deaths occurred. Clinical and endoscopic endpointsa at Week 52 in the CELEST study. Dose-dependent improvements in clinical and endoscopic outcomes and markers of inflammation with UPA were observed with 36-week treatment in patients who responded to a 16-week induction regimen. The overall safety profile of UPA is consistent with other studies in rheumatoid arthritis. 1. Sandborn WJ, et al. Gastroenterology, 2017;152:S1308–9.
Aequitas: A Bias and Fairness Audit Toolkit (2018)

Recent work has raised concerns on the risk of unintended bias in AI systems being used nowadays that can affect individuals unfairly based on race, gender or religion, among other possible characteristics. While a lot of bias metrics and fairness definitions have been proposed in recent years, there is no consensus on which metric/definition should be used and there are very few available resources to operationalize them. Therefore, despite recent awareness, auditing for bias and fairness when developing and deploying AI systems is not yet a standard practice. We present Aequitas, an open source bias and fairness audit toolkit that is an intuitive and easy to use addition to the machine learning workflow, enabling users to seamlessly test models for several bias and fairness metrics in relation to multiple population sub-groups. Aequitas facilitates informed and equitable decisions around developing and deploying algorithmic decision making systems for both data scientists, machine learning researchers and policymakers.