gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of the Heat-Resistant Mg-Zn-Y-Ag Cast Alloys with Long-Period Stacking Ordered Structures (2013)

The extruded Mg-Zn-Y alloy with long-period stacking ordered (LPSO) structures is known to display increased strength at room temperature as well as at elevated temperature. In order to achieve these attractive properties in cast component, we focused on controlling microstructure of Mg96Zn2Y2 (at%) cast alloy by the addition of Ag. Mg96Zn2Y2 cast alloy is composed of α-Mg phase, LPSO phase and Mg3Zn3Y2 phase, on the other hand, Mg-Zn-Y-Ag cast alloy also had 4th phase by an addition of Ag. By the addition of over 1 at% Ag, the yield strength was significantly increased at room temperature without grain refining. Because Mg-Zn-Y-Ag cast alloy was mainly strengthened with the intermetallic compound, rather than solid solution hardening over 1 at% Ag. Furthermore the yield strength of Mg93Zn2Y2Ag3 cast alloy was 20% higher than that of Mg96Zn2Y2 cast alloy at 473 K.
Expression of the <i>Saccharomyces cerevisiae</i> Inositol-1-Phosphate Synthase (<i>INO1</i>) Gene is Regulated by Factors That Affect Phospholipid Synthesis (1986)

The INO1 gene of Saccharomyces cerevisiae encodes the regulated enzyme inositol-1-phosphate synthase, which catalyzes the first committed step in the synthesis of inositol-containing phospholipids. The expression of this gene was analyzed under conditions known to regulate phospholipid synthesis. RNA blot hybridization with a genomic clone for INO1 detected two RNA species of 1.8 and 0.6 kb. The abundance of the 1.8-kb RNA was greatly decreased when the cells were grown in the presence of the phospholipid precursor inositol, as was the enzyme activity of the synthase. Complementation analysis showed that this transcript encoded the INO1 gene product. The level of INO1 RNA was repressed 12-fold when the cells were grown in medium containing inositol, and it was repressed 33-fold when the cells were grown in the presence of inositol and choline together. The INO1 transcript was present at a very low level in cells containing mutations (ino2 and ino4) in regulatory genes unlinked to INO1 that result in inositol auxotrophy. The transcript was constitutively overproduced in cells containing a mutation (opi1) that causes constitutive expression of inositol-1-phosphate synthase and results in excretion of inositol. The expression of INO1 RNA was also examined in cells containing a mutation (cho2) affecting the synthesis of phosphatidylcholine. In contrast to what was observed in wild-type cells, growth of cho2 cells in medium containing inositol did not result in a significant decrease in INO1 RNA abundance. Inositol and choline together were required for repression of the INO1 transcript in these cells, providing evidence for a regulatory link between the synthesis of inositol- and choline-containing lipids. The level of the 0.6-kb RNA was affected, although to a lesser degree, by many of the same factors that influence INO1 expression.
Time-frequency signal feature extraction and screening of knee joint vibroarthrographic signals using the matching pursuit method (2002)

Nonstationary features of knee joint vibroarthrographic (VAG) signals were extracted from their time-frequency distributions (TFDs) obtained using the matching pursuit method. Features computed as marginal calculations of the TFDs were instantaneous energy, instantaneous energy spread, instantaneous mean frequency, and instantaneous mean frequency spread. The features carry information about the combined time-frequency dynamics of the signals. The mean and standard deviation of the features were also computed, and each VAG signal was represented by a set of just 8 parameters. The method was tested on 37 VAG signals (19 normal and 18 abnormal) with no restriction on the type of articular cartilage pathology. Discriminant analysis of the parameters showed an accuracy of 89.5% at the training stage and 77.8% at the test stage. Compared to the authors' previous methods, the proposed method does not need any joint angle and clinical information, and shows good potential for noninvasive diagnosis and monitoring of articular cartilage pathology.
On second-order statistics and linear estimation of cepstral coefficients (1999)

Explicit expressions for the second-order statistics of cepstral components representing clean and noisy signal waveforms are derived. The noise is assumed additive to the signal, and the spectral components of each process are assumed statistically independent complex Gaussian random variables. The key result developed here is an explicit expression for the cross-covariance between the log-periodograms of the clean and noisy signals. In the absence of noise, this expression is used to show that the covariance matrix of cepstral components representing N signal samples, is a fixed signal independent matrix, which approaches a diagonal matrix at a rate of 1/N. In addition, the cross-covariance expression is used to develop an explicit linear minimum mean square error estimator for the clean cepstral components given noisy cepstral components. Recognition results on the English digits using the fixed covariance and linear estimator are presented.
High-performance synchronization for circuit emulation in an Ethernet MAN (2005)

Ethernet is being deployed in metropolitan area networks (MANs) as a lower-cost alternative to SONET-based infrastructures. MANs are usually required to support common communication services, such as voice and frame relay, based on legacy synchronous TDM technology in addition to asynchronous packet data transport. This paper addresses the clock synchronization problem that arises when transporting synchronous services over an asynchronous packet infrastructure, such as Ethernet. A novel algorithm for clock synchronization is presented combining time-stamp methods used in the network time protocol (NTP) with signal processing techniques applied to measured packet interarrival times. The algorithm achieves the frequency accuracy, stability, low drift, holdover performance, and rapid convergence required for viable emulation of TDM circuit services over Ethernet.
Coupling-sensitivity comparison of hemispheric and hyperbolic microlenses (1993)

We investigate the effects of translational displacements and angular misalignments of semiconductor laser-fiber systems coupled to tapered, hemispheric and laser-machined, hyperbolic microlenses. Hyperbolic lenses, which typically couple 2 dB more optical power into a single-mode fiber than do hemispheric lenses, are more sensitive to translational offsets, although they are less sensitive to angular misalignments. We demonstrate that increased coupling can be permanently realized in a system through the use of the hyperbolic lens if the laser package can confine the position of the lens to within a 1.6-microm region. Angular misalignments can be as large as 10 degrees for a 0.5-dB power penalty for the hyperbolic microlens.
Feedback-driven semi-supervised synthesis of program transformations (2020)

While editing code, it is common for developers to make multiple related repeated edits that are all instances of a more general program transformation. Since this process can be tedious and error-prone, we study the problem of automatically learning program transformations from past edits, which can then be used to predict future edits. We take a novel view of the problem as a semi-supervised learning problem: apart from the concrete edits that are instances of the general transformation, the learning procedure also exploits access to additional inputs (program subtrees) that are marked as positive or negative depending on whether the transformation applies on those inputs. We present a procedure to solve the semi-supervised transformation learning problem using anti-unification and programming-by-example synthesis technology. To eliminate reliance on access to marked additional inputs, we generalize the semi-supervised learning procedure to a feedback-driven procedure that also generates the marked additional inputs in an iterative loop. We apply these ideas to build and evaluate three applications that use different mechanisms for generating feedback. Compared to existing tools that learn program transformations from edits, our feedback-driven semi-supervised approach is vastly more effective in successfully predicting edits with significantly lesser amounts of past edit data.
Ratio images and ultraviolet C excitation in autofluorescence imaging of neoplasms of the human colon (2013)

The accepted screening technique for colon cancer is white light endoscopy. While most abnormal growths (lesions) are detected by this method, a significant number are missed during colonoscopy, potentially resulting in advanced disease. Missed lesions are often flat and inconspicuous in color. A prototype ultraviolet spectral imager measuring autofluorescence (AF) and reflectance has been developed and applied in a study of 21 fresh human colon surgical specimens. Six excitation wavelengths from 280 to 440 nm and formulaic ratio imaging were utilized to increase lesion contrast and cause neoplasms to appear bright compared to normal tissue. It was found that in the subset of lesions which were most difficult to visualize in standard color photographs [low contrast lesions, (LCLs)] a ratio image (F340/F440) of AF images excited at 340 and 440 nm produced extraordinary images and was effective in about 70% of these difficult cases. Contrast may be due to increased levels of reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide, increased hemoglobin absorption, and reduced signal from submucosal collagen. A second successful ratio image (R480/R555) combined two reflectance images to produce exceptional images especially in particular LCLs where F340/F440 was ineffective. The newly discovered ratio images can potentially improve detection rate in screening with a novel AF colonoscope.
Pyrazolopyridines. 1. Formylation and Acylation of Pyrazolo[1,5-a]pyridines (1993)

In the treatment of pyrazolo(1,5-a]pyridines with dimethylformamide and,phosphorus oxychloride, Vilsmeier-Haack formylation proceeded at the 3-position, giving 3-pyrazolo[1,5-a]pyridinecarboxaldehydes. Reaction of the pyrazolo[1,5-a]pyridine with acyl halide gave 3-acylpyrazolo[1,5-a]pyridines. Conversion of the formyl group into the alkenyl group was achieved easily by Wittig reaction
Fiber-focused diode bar optical trapping for microfluidic flow manipulation (2008)

The direct integration of light and optical control into microfluidic systems presents a significant hurdle to the development of portable optical trapping-based devices. We present a simple, inexpensive fiber-based approach that allows for easy implementation of diode bars for optical particle separations within flowing microfluidic systems. We also develop models that demonstrate the advantages of manipulating particles within flow using linear geometries as opposed to individually focused point traps as traditionally employed in optical trapping micromanipulation.
A compact design of switched line phase shifter for a microstrip phased array antenna (2017)

This paper presents a 1×4 microstrip Phased Array Antenna (PAA) with a uniquely designed switch line phase shifter to obtain steerable beam pattern. The antenna is designed on a Rogers RT/Duroid 6006 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">TM</sup> dielectric substrate with a relative permittivity of 6.15. Each element of the probe fed PAA are connected to a phase shifter on a different dielectric substrate. The phase shifter has four equal length microstrip lines placed on a circular fashion around a via that connects the antenna. The circular phase shifter network feeds the antenna through the via at the center. This design is useful if a phase shifter must be integrated with an antenna in a tight space. A diode switch is placed between the microstrip traces to change the length of the transmission line. An addition of each transmission line provides a phase shift of 90°. The Arduino controlled switches can be turned ON and OFF to steer the antenna beam pattern. The maximum steering angle obtained was ±45°. The antenna is appropriate for Wi-Fi application that requires directional beam pattern, Multiple Input Multiple Output (MIMO) communications, scanning radar, and other applications requiring steerable beam pattern.
Resonantly enhanced interaction of light and microwaves via whispering gallery modes (2002)

We propose a scheme of a resonant cw microwave-optical parametric oscillator based on high-Q whispering gallery modes excited in a nonlinear dielectric cavity. Such an oscillator has an extremely low threshold and stable operation, and may be used in spectroscopy and metrology.
<title>High-numerical-aperture reflecting microscope</title> (1996)

A microscope having a high effective numerical aperture is achieved in an apparatus in which a real, 3D image is formed of an object placed along the axis of one of two facing concave mirrors and is acquired by a video camera, preferably a CCD, positioned along the axis of the other mirror. The image acquired by the CCD is electronically stored and then analyzed. Magnification is introduced by the spacing of the sensors of the CCD array. With exemplary CCD sensor spacing of 10 microns, resolution of about 10 microns (10<SUP>-5</SUP> meters) is achievable using commercial 8-inch diameter concave mirrors. The high numerical aperture of the reflecting microscope offers the advantages of being able to more rapidly acquire an image at a lower light level than is possible with a slit lamp microscope which requires that the object be physically scanned with a high intensity light.
Power generation management under time-varying power and demand conditions (2011)

A multi-period optimal power dispatching problem is considered for a network of energy utilities connected via multiple transmission lines, where the goal is to find the lowest operational-cost dispatching of diverse generation sources to satisfy demand over a time horizon comprised of multiple periods, and consisting of varying power and demand conditions. Our model captures various interactions among the time-varying periods including which generators should be allocated, when they should be brought into use, and the operational costs associated with each. An efficient algorithm is derived that exploits the structure inherent in this multi-period economic dispatch problem. The control options of our optimization model consist of the dispatching order and dispatching amount of available power generators. Our solutions are shown to be globally optimal under conditions that often arise in practice. Numerical experiments based on these solutions and analysis are presented to illustrate our findings.
Asphaltene Solubility Properties by the In-Line Filtration Method (2015)

In this work, we report the development of a new analytical method for the evaluation of the solubility profile of asphaltenes. This new method uses a high-pressure liquid chromatograph, but instead of using a column as expected in liquid chromatography, it uses a commercial filter to retain the precipitated asphaltenes. The retained asphaltenes are redissolved in a gradual manner from those that are “easy to dissolve” (low solubility parameter) to those that are “difficult to dissolve” (high solubility parameter) and quantified using a chromatographic detector. The response obtained in this way is related to asphaltene stability and can be used to determine the tendency toward precipitation of the material as well as the solubility characteristics of the asphaltenes present in the sample. The use of commercial filters instead of a column to determine the solubility profile of asphaltenes improves the repeatability, reduces cost, and simplifies the application of the method to routine analyses. The in-line filtration method produces comparable results to those obtained by a conventional titration technique, but the new method is faster and simpler and requires a small amount of sample to perform. Additionally, the method provides a distribution for asphaltenes that is easy to measure and does not require previous separation of the sample before the test. All of these characteristics indicate that the in-line filtration solubility profile can be easily implemented to monitor the stability of feeds or products during refinery operations.
Efficient Medical Volume Visualization : An Approach Based on Domain Knowledge (2007)

Direct Volume Rendering (DVR) is a visualization technique that has proved to be a very powerful tool in many scientific visualization applications. Diagnostic medical imaging is one domain where DVR could provide clear benefits in terms of unprecedented possibilities for analysis of complex cases and highly efficient work flow for certain routine examinations. The full potential of DVR in the clinical environment has not been reached, however, primarily due to limitations in conventional DVR methods and tools. This thesis presents methods addressing four major challenges for DVR in clinical use. The foundation of all methods is to incorporate the domain knowledge of the medical professional in the technical solutions. The first challenge is the very large data sets routinely produced in medical imaging today. To this end a multiresolution DVR pipeline is proposed, which dynamically prioritizes data according to the actual impact in the rendered image to be reviewed. Using this prioritization the system can reduce the data requirements throughout the pipeline and provide high performance and visual quality in any environment. Another problem addressed is how to achieve simple yet powerful interactive tissue classification in DVR. The methods presented define additional attributes that effectively captures readily available medical knowledge. The task of tissue detection is also important to solve in order to improve efficiency and consistency of diagnostic image review. Histogram-based techniques that exploit spatial relations in the data to achieve accurate and robust tissue detection are presented in this thesis. The final challenge is uncertainty visualization, which is very pertinent in clinical work for patient safety reasons. An animation method has been developed that automatically conveys feasible alternative renderings. The basis of this method is a probabilistic interpretation of the visualization parameters. Several clinically relevant evaluations of the developed techniques have been performed demonstrating their usefulness. Although there is a clear focus on DVR and medical imaging, most of the methods provide similar benefits also for other visualization techniques and application domains.
Synthesis of Novel Imidazo[1,2-a]pyridines with Potent Activity Against Herpesviruses. (2003)

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Kinetic Hydro Energy Conversion System Study (1986)

In early studies conducted at New York University (NYU) at the request of New York Power Authority (NYPA) a number of conclusions were reached regarding the resource and the types of kinetic hydro energy conversion systems (KHECS) which could be utilized to exploit it. A technology assessment yielded a number of types of devices which could be practical, while criteria including efficiency, simplicity, cost-effectiveness, and near-term commercialization indicated an advantage to axial-flow propeller machines in both tidal flows and rivers. Rotor blades designed according to H. Glauert theory were tested and produced the necessary high efficiency. Because units must operate reliably underwater for extended periods, variable blade pitch or variable speed drive mechanisms add a degree of complexity which should be avoided if possible. These factors have been accommodated by careful rotor design and selection of drive and generating components. The current study involves the design, fabrication, and testing of a grid-connected full-scale prototype in New York's East River and the determination of the national resource.
Fabrication and Characterization of Gated Porous Silicon Cathode Field Emission Arrays (1997)

Gated porous silicon cathode field emission arrays have been fabricated. The devices were fabricated by using a simple self-aligning gate process which results in reproducible physical characteristics across the entire array. In addition, an anodization process has been developed to form porous silicon in a localized region on the substrate. The resulting device structure consists of a conical porous silicon tip that is self-aligned with respect to a concentric metal gate electrode. Small arrays exhibited Fowler–Nordheim characteristics over several decades of anode current. The porous silicon tip has been shown to produce a large submicroscopic field enhancement which leads to an improvement in emission characteristics.
A droplet-based microfluidic viscometer for the measurement of blood coagulation (2020)

A continuous microfluidic viscometer is used to measure blood coagulation. The viscometer operates by flowing oil and blood into a cross section where droplets are generated. At a set pressure, the length of the droplets is inversely proportional to the viscosity of the blood sample being delivered. Because blood viscosity increases during coagulation as the blood changes from a liquid to a solid gel, the device allows to monitor coagulation by simply measuring the drop length. Experiments with swine blood were carried out in its native state and with the addition of coagulation activators and inhibitors. The microfluidic viscometer detected an earlier initiation of the coagulation process with the activator and a later initiation with the inhibitor compared to their corresponding controls. The results from the viscometer were also compared with the clinical method of thromboelastography (TEG), which was performed concurrently for the same samples. The time to initiation of coagulation in the microfluidic viscometer was correlated with the reaction time in TEG. Additionally, the total time for the measurement of clot strengthening in TEG correlated with the time for the maximum viscosity observed in the microfluidic viscometer. The microfluidic viscometer measured changes in viscosity due to coagulation faster than TEG detected the clot formation. The present viscometer is a simple technology that can be used to further study the entire coagulation process.