gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Goals and processes (1995)

This paper focuses on the set of group endeavors that exists within the structure of an organization. The environment in which organizations exist is becoming increasingly dynamic. Cooperative tasks are increasing and workgroup computing is becoming more pervasive. There are computer-mediated tools and systems to support organizations' coordination of group endeavors. These systems, however, are incomplete and therefore do not adequately give organizations the flexibility that a dynamic environment requires. The need for unified information systems is looming. The solution is to provide consistent and comprehensive, computer-mediated, shared task support for the coordination of group endeavors in all domains, in dynamic, and increasingly complex environments. Workflow and project management are prototypical of that collaborative use. This paper evaluates workflow processes and projects in order to gain an understanding of requirements that will serve as a conceptual foundation for this cooperative systems environment.
<i>In vivo</i> and <i>in vitro</i> biofilm formation on two different titanium implant surfaces (2009)

Initial bacterial adhesion to differently textured titanium surfaces is primarily influenced by R(a), whereas the influence of SFE seems to be of only minor importance. Therefore, the micro-structured parts of an implant that are exposed to the oral cavity should be highly polished to prevent plaque accumulation. Both tested fluorometric techniques proved to be highly sensitive and reproducible in the quantification of biofilm formation on titanium implant surfaces.
Application of pixel-cell detector technology for Advanced Neutron Beam Monitors (2011)

Application of Pixel-Cell Detector Technology for Advanced Neutron Beam Monitors Specifications of currently available neutron beam detectors limit their usefulness at intense neutron beams of large-scale national user facilities used for the advanced study of materials. A large number of neutron-scattering experiments require beam monitors to operate in an intense neutron beam flux of >10E+7 neutrons per second per square centimeter. For instance, a 4 cm x 4 cm intense beam flux of 6.25 x 10E+7 n/s/cm2 at the Spallation Neutron Source will put a flux of 1.00 x 10E+9 n/s at the beam monitor. Currently available beam monitors with a typical efficiency of 1 x 10E-4 will need to be replaced in less than two years of operation due to wire and gas degradation issues. There is also a need at some instruments for beam position information that are beyond the capabilities of currently available He-3 and BF3 neutron beam monitors. ORDELA, Inc.’s research under USDOE SBIR Grant (DE-FG02-07ER84844) studied the feasibility of using pixel-cell technology for developing a new generation of stable, long-life neutron beam monitors. The research effort has led to the development and commercialization of advanced neutron beam detectors that will directly benefit the Spallation Neutron Source and other intense neutron sources such as the High Flux Isotope Reactor. A prototypical Pixel-Cell Neutron Beam Monitor was designed and constructed during this research effort. This prototype beam monitor was exposed to an intense neutron beam at the HFIR SNS HB-2 test beam site. Initial measurements on efficiency, uniformity across the detector, and position resolution yielded excellent results. The development and test results have provided the required data to initiate the fabrication and commercialization of this next generation of neutron-detector systems. ORDELA, Inc. has (1) identified low-cost design and fabrication strategies, (2) developed and built pixel-cell detectors and instrumented a 64-pixel-cell detector to specifications for the Cold-Neutron Chopper Spectrometer and POWGEN instruments, (3) investigated the general characteristics of this technology, (4) studied pixel-cell configurations and arrived at an optimized modular design, and (5) evaluated fabrication costs of mass production for these configurations. The resulting technology will enable a complete line of pixel-cell-based neutron detectors to be commercially under available. ORDELA, Inc has a good track history of application of innovative technology into the marketplace. Our commercialization record reflects this. For additional information, please contact Daniel Kopp at ORDELA, Inc. at +1 (865) 483-8675 or check our website at www.ordela.com.
NUMERICAL AND GEOLOGICAL ADVANCES IN FAULT HANDLING FOR PRODUCTION FLOW SIMULATION (2002)

Outcrop studies have shown faults to be highly complex heterogeneous and anisotropic volumes with abundant displacement partitioning (e.g. Foxford et al. 1998), yet empirical approaches have shown that valuable predictions may be made concerning overall fault hydraulic properties from simple geological criteria (amount of shale in the faulted sequence; burial depth syn and post faulting; e.g. Yielding et al. 1997, Fisher and Knipe 2001). These methods have been adapted to derive a geologically and numerically meaningful method for including the petrophysical properties of faults (fault rock thickness and permeability) in production simulation models (Manzocchi et al. 1999). Implicit in the method are several simplifying assumptions which are addressed in the present work to derive methods which improve and broaden the scope of fault handling in production simulation of clastic reservoirs. These new methods additionally allow inclusion, at the resolution of a conventional faulted simulation model, of two phase fault rock properties, of more accurate across-fault transmissibility, and of complex sub-resolution fault zone structure.
The Characterization of [<sup>3</sup>H] Adenosine Uptake into Rat Cerebral Cortical Synaptosomes (1980)

Uptake of adenosine, a putative inhibitory transmitter or modulator, was investigated in rat cerebral cortical synaptosomes. The accumulation of [3H] adenosine into synaptosomes, using an adenosine concentration of 10 microM, was linear for 30 min at 30 degrees C. The uptake appeared to be mediated by kinetically saturable processes with apparent Km's of 1 microM ("high-affinity A") and 5 microM ("high-affinity B"), both of which were partially sensitive to the presence of external sodium and calcium ions. Both uptake processes were partially inhibited by 2,4-dinitrophenol, implying the presence of active uptake and diffusional components. A study of the metabolites of adenosine taken up by the two uptake systems indicates that the major metabolites were adenosine and nucleotides. However, adenosine incorporated by the high-affinity A uptake system is more likely to form deaminated metabolites, such as hypoxanthine and inosine, indicating a possible functional difference between the two uptake processes. A detailed comparison of the inhibitory properties of certain adenosine analogues and other pharmacological agents has revealed differences between the two adenosine uptake systems. Since the glial contamination in synaptosomal preparations is well established, one of the uptake systems we observed in the present study might be of glial origin. This notion is supported by the findings that the Km values and kinetic properties of papaverine action in he synaptosomal high-affinity A uptake system are similar to those of astrocytes reported in the literature. In conclusion, the uptake processes of synaptosomal preparations show that accumulation of adenosine into neuronal (and possibly glial) elements may play a major role in regulating the extracellular adenosine concentration. Uptake inhibitors, such as diazepam, may exert, at least in part, their pharmacological actions by interfering with the regulation of extracellular adenosine concentrations.
The routine measurement of platelet volume: a comparison of light-scattering and aperture-impedance technologies (1985)

The effect of dipotassium ethylenediaminetetra-acetic acid (EDTA) on platelet count and mean volume (MPV) was evaluated using two routine measurement systems, a Coulter S Plus (Phase 1) (S+) and a Technicon H6000 (H6000). In normal subjects (n = 29) MPV increased by 17% during 39 h storage in EDTA when measured by the S+. In contrast MPV decreased by 22% when measured by the H6000. MPV differences of up to 40% were observed between the two systems. Concomitant platelet counts, in both systems, changed by less than 4%. A mathematical model of the variation of MPV with storage time was constructed, enabling experimental results to be extrapolated, with accuracy, to time zero (MPV0). The H6000 average MPV0 was significantly larger than the S+ average MPV0. Using the anticoagulant sodium citrate and prostaglandin E1 (NaCitrate-PGE1) there were no significant changes in MPV measured by the S+ during 7 h storage, although a linear decrease in platelet count was observed. A decrease in H6000 MPV was observed whether the blood was stored in EDTA or NaCitrate-PGE1. Methodology, anti-coagulation and storage time all influence MPV. Until these determinants are standardised the clinical value of MPV cannot be assessed.
Objective Bayesian point and region estimation in location-scale models (2007)

Point and region estimation may both be described as specific decision problems. In point estimation,the action space is the set of possible values of the quantity on interest; in region estimation, the action\n\t\t\t\t space is the set of its possible credible regions. Foundations dictate that the solution to these decision problems must depend on both the utility function and the prior distribution. Estimators intended for\n\t\t\t\t general use should surely be invariant under one-to-one transformations, and this requires the use of an invariant loss function; moreover, an objective solution requires the use of a prior which does\n\t\t\t\t not introduce subjective elements. The combined use of an invariant information-theory based loss function, the intrinsic discrepancy, and an objective prior, the reference prior, produces a general\n\t\t\t\t solution to both point and region estimation problems. In this paper, estimation of the two parameters of univariate location-scale models is considered in detail from this point of view, with special attention\n\t\t\t\t to the normal model. The solutions found are compared with a range of conventional solutions.
Regenerable Cu-intercalated MnO2 layered cathode for highly cyclable energy dense batteries (2017)

Manganese dioxide cathodes are inexpensive and have high theoretical capacity (based on two electrons) of 617 mAh g<sup>-1</sup>, making them attractive for low-cost, energy-dense batteries. They are used in non-rechargeable batteries with anodes like zinc. Only ∼10% of the theoretical capacity is currently accessible in rechargeable alkaline systems. Attempts to access the full capacity using additives have been unsuccessful. We report a class of Bi-birnessite (a layered manganese oxide polymorph mixed with bismuth oxide (Bi<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>)) cathodes intercalated with Cu<sup>2+</sup> that deliver near-full two-electron capacity reversibly for >6,000 cycles. The key to rechargeability lies in exploiting the redox potentials of Cu to reversibly intercalate into the Bi-birnessite-layered structure during its dissolution and precipitation process for stabilizing and enhancing its charge transfer characteristics. This process holds promise for other applications like catalysis and intercalation of metal ions into layered structures. A large prismatic rechargeable Zn-birnessite cell delivering ∼140 Wh l<sup>-1</sup> is shown.
Temperature distribution for combined laser hyperthermia–photodynamic therapy in the esophagus (2000)

In recent years photodynamic laser therapy (PDT) has been tested in animal and clinical studies for treatment of esophageal cancer. In several animal experiments a synergistic effect was found by simultaneously applying PDT and hyperthermia (HT). In this paper an optical fibre system is described which can be used in the esophagus for combined PDT with a 1 W dye laser and HT with a 15 W Nd:YAG laser. A phantom was built simulating the geometry of the esophagus using cow muscle. The spatial temperature field during HT was measured versus irradiation time. The results were compared with calculations using a coupled Monte Carlo laser transport/finite difference heat transport model using the LATIS computer program. Measurements and calculations yield a realistic description of the temperature distribution during HT under various experimental conditions. The LATIS program allows the prediction of the effects of blood perfusion for in vivo situations. The results show that perfusion has considerable influence on the temperature field, reducing the effective depth in tissue for HT.
Photoaptamer chips for clinical diagnostics (2005)

The field of diagnostics is undergoing revolutionary changes. Historically, searching for new diagnostic analytes – biomarkers – has targeted single molecules with sufficient information content to...
Optimized embedded multicarrier modulation for efficient delivery of layered video data (2002)

We tackle the problem of efficient image transmission over multicarrier modulation (MCM) systems, proposing the use of a layered or multiresolution (MR) framework. We treat the source as being characterized by multiple layers of importance, and therefore deserving of multiple levels of noise immunity, i.e, having different BER requirements. We present the idea of embedded multicarrier modulation (EMCM) as a very effective way of achieving this, and introduce a fast table-lookup based power allocation algorithm that optimizes the multicarrier constellation design in terms of maximizing the deliverable throughput bit rates for the different resolution layers, subject to a total power constraint. Simulation results of our EMCM system reveal substantial gains (up to about 25%) in deliverable bit rates over optimized TDM-based MCM designs. Further, in typical image transmission simulations using an embedded wavelet image coder, the EMCM approach yields almost 3 dB gains in delivered quality over conventional single-resolution MCM systems.
Complexity (1997)

Things used to be so simple. In the old days, a thousand generations ago or so, human technology wasn’t much more complicated than the twigs stripped of leaves that some chimpanzees use to fish in anthills. A large bone for a club, a pointed stick for digging, a sharp rock to scrape animal skins—such were mankind’s only tools for most of its history. Even after the appearance of more sophisticated, multipiece devices—the bow and arrow, the potter’s wheel, the ox-drawn cart—nothing was difficult to understand or decipher. The logic of a tool was clear upon inspection, or perhaps after a little experimentation. No longer. No single person can comprehend the entire workings of, say, a Boeing 747. Not its pilot, not its maintenance chief, not any of the thousands of engineers who worked upon its design. The aircraft contains six million individual parts assembled into hundreds of components and systems, each with a role to play in getting the 165-ton behemoth from Singapore to San Francisco or Sidney to Saskatoon. There are structural components such as the wings and the six sections that are joined together to form the fuselage. There are the four 21,000-horsepower Pratt & Whitney engines. The landing gear. The radar and navigation systems. The instrumentation and controls. The maintenance computers. The fire-fighting system. The emergency oxygen in case the cabin loses pressure. Understanding how and why just one subassembly works demands years of study, and even so, the comprehension never seems as palpable, as tangible, as real as the feel for flight one gets by building a few hundred paper airplanes and launching them across the schoolyard. Such complexity makes modern technology fundamentally different from anything that has gone before. Large, complex systems such as commercial airliners and nuclear power plants require large, complex organizations for their design, construction, and operation. This opens up the technology to a variety of social and organizational influences, such as the business factors described in chapter 3. More importantly, complex systems are not completely predictable.
Fringe benefits of the H.264/AVC (2006)

H.264/AVC is the newest, state-of-the-art, video compression standard. Recently adopted, it leads to substantial performance improvement compared to other existing standards. In this paper we want to explore less known features of the H.264/AVC that were not the main intent of the standard. We begin by showing a few comparisons as examples of how the H.264/AVC outperforms other coders. Nevertheless, along with better video compression, the H.264/AVC brought us a few unexpected bonuses. H.264/AVC's intra-frame coder is so efficient that we can make it operate as a still image coder that outperforms the existing state-of-the-art still image compression standard (JPEG-2000). For that to work, one has to operate the H.264/AVC in intra frame and compress a single frame. Many results are shown comparing it with JPEG-2000 for still image compression. In effect, the intra-frame prediction mode is so efficient that interframe prediction can be simplified if necessary. We will show that one can turn off motion estimation and yet H.264/AVC can outperform MPEG-2. For that, we simply set all motion vectors to be zero. The interframe prediction is made to "compete" with the intraframe predictions. Results are presented to demonstrate the superiority of H.264/AVC with no motion estimation against MPEG-2 for sequences with moderate motion.
Autotaxin is an inflammatory mediator and therapeutic target in thyroid cancer (2015)

Autotaxin is a secreted enzyme that converts extracellular lysophosphatidylcholine to lysophosphatidate (LPA). In cancers, LPA increases tumour growth, metastasis and chemoresistance by activating six G-protein coupled receptors. We examined >200 human thyroid biopsies. Autotaxin expression in metastatic deposits and primary carcinomas was four- to tenfold higher than in benign neoplasms or normal thyroid tissue. Autotaxin immunohistochemical staining was also increased in benign neoplasms with leukocytic infiltrations. Malignant tumours were distinguished from benign tumours by high tumour autotaxin, LPA levels and inflammatory mediators including IL1β, IL6, IL8, GMCSF, TNFα, CCL2, CXCL10 and platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF)-AA. We determined the mechanistic explanation for these results and revealed a vicious regulatory cycle in which LPA increased the secretion of 16 inflammatory modulators in papillary thyroid cancer cultures. Conversely, treating cancer cells with ten inflammatory cytokines and chemokines or PDGF-AA and PDGF-BB increased autotaxin secretion. We confirmed that this autotaxin/inflammatory cycle occurs in two SCID mouse models of papillary thyroid cancer by blocking LPA signalling using the autotaxin inhibitor ONO-8430506. This decreased the levels of 16 inflammatory mediators in the tumours and was accompanied by a 50-60% decrease in tumour volume. This resulted from a decreased mitotic index for the cancer cells and decreased levels of vascular endothelial growth factor and angiogenesis in the tumours. Our results demonstrate that the autotaxin/inflammatory cycle is a focal point for driving malignant thyroid tumour progression and possibly treatment resistance. Inhibiting autotaxin activity provides an effective and novel strategy for decreasing the inflammatory phenotype in thyroid carcinomas, which should complement other treatment modalities.
Indoor Scene Understanding in 2.5/3D for Autonomous Agents: A Survey (2018)

With the availability of low-cost and compact 2.5/3D visual sensing devices, computer vision community is experiencing a growing interest in visual scene understanding of indoor environments. This survey paper provides a comprehensive background to this research topic. We begin with a historical perspective, followed by a popular 3D data representation and a comparative analysis of available datasets. Before delving into the application specific details, this survey provides a succinct introduction to the core technologies that are the underlying methods extensively used in this paper. Afterwards, we review the developed techniques according to a taxonomy based on the scene understanding tasks. This covers holistic indoor scene understanding as well as subtasks, such as scene classification, object detection, pose estimation, semantic segmentation, 3D reconstruction, saliency detection, physics-based reasoning, and affordance prediction. Later on, we summarize the performance metrics used for evaluation in different tasks and a quantitative comparison among the recent state-of-the-art techniques. We conclude this review with the current challenges and an outlook toward the open research problems requiring further investigation.
Biomass Gasification with Catalytic Tar Reforming: A Model Study into Activity Enhancement of Calcium- and Magnesium-Oxide-Based Catalytic Materials by Incorporation of Iron (2010)

The development of efficient catalysts for the in situ elimination of tar produced in the gasification of biomass represents an important stage in the production of a clean hydrogen-rich gas suitable for use in fuel cells. With this in mind, the incorporation of iron, a readily available, low-cost, and non-toxic material, in calcined dolomite and its constituent compounds, CaO and MgO, was investigated. The Fe/CaO, Fe/MgO, and Fe/dolomite systems were prepared using two impregnation techniques to generate the Fe2+ and Fe3+ species, which were then carefully characterized. Tar conversion tests in the presence of these prepared catalysts were carried out in a microreactor, using toluene as the tar model component. The catalysts were characterized before and after the reactor runs [using X-ray diffraction (XRD), temperature-programmed reduction (TPR), and Mössbauer spectroscopy] to better identify the catalytically active phases and the competitive interaction of iron with CaO, MgO, and calcined dolomite under reaction conditions.
Improving cellular network energy efficiency by joint management of sleep mode and transmission power (2013)

Energy efficiency is one of the main challenges to be faced by mobile communications in the near future. The growth of the mobile communications market which is boosted by the increasing penetration of smartphones and laptops requires an increase of the network capacity and, consequently, a great leap forward also for the infrastructures. In this scenario, in order to reduce the operative expenditures, the network operators pay attention to energy saving strategies that may also contribute to the reduction of greenhouse emissions. In this paper the exponential smoothing technique is applied to forecast traffic in a given area considering daily and weekly variations. The availability of a reliable prediction of the future traffic values allows the adaptation of macro base station transmission power and the introduction of a sleep mode for micro base stations and permits to guarantee the requested network capacity while saving energy consumption. Results show the effectiveness of traffic forecast technique for capacity prediction and the usefulness of the proposed algorithms for energy efficiency maximization, affording very good performance, very close to the optimum one.