gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Dually actuated atomic force microscope with miniaturized magnetic bead-actuators for single-molecule force measurements (2016)

We report a novel atomic force microscopy (AFM) technique with dual actuation capabilities using both piezo and magnetic bead actuation for advanced single-molecule force spectroscopy experiments. The experiments are performed by manipulating magnetic microbeads using an electromagnet against a stationary cantilever. Magnetic actuation has been demonstrated before to actuate cantilevers, but here we keep the cantilever stationary and accomplish actuation via free-manipulated microstructures. The developed method benefits from significant reduction of drift, since the experiments are performed without a substrate contact and the measured force is inherently differential. In addition, shrinking the size of the actuator can minimize hydrodynamic forces affecting the cantilever. The new method reported herein allows for the application of constant force to perform force-clamp experiments without any active feedback, profiled for a deeper understanding of biomolecular interactions.
<i>BHD</i> mutations, clinical and molecular genetic investigations of Birt–Hogg–Dubé syndrome: a new series of 50 families and a review of published reports (2008)

BHDS is characterised by a spectrum of mutations, and clinical heterogeneity both among and within families.
Holographic Associative Memory Employing Phase Conjugation (1986)

The principle of information retrieval by association has been suggested as a basis for parallel computing and as the process by which human memory functions.1 Various associative processors have been proposed that use electronic or optical means. Optical schemes,2-7 in particular, those based on holographic principles,8'8' are well suited to associative processing because of their high parallelism and information throughput. Previous workers8 demonstrated that holographically stored images can be recalled by using relatively complicated reference images but did not utilize nonlinear feedback to reduce the large cross talk that results when multiple objects are stored and a partial or distorted input is used for retrieval. These earlier approaches were limited in their ability to reconstruct the output object faithfully from a partial input.
Data Shuffling—A New Masking Approach for Numerical Data (2006)

This study discusses a new procedure for masking confidential numerical data—a procedure called data shuffling—in which the values of the confidential variables are “shuffled” among observations. The shuffled data provides a high level of data utility and minimizes the risk of disclosure. From a practical perspective, data shuffling overcomes reservations about using perturbed or modified confidential data because it retains all the desirable properties of perturbation methods and performs better than other masking techniques in both data utility and disclosure risk. In addition, data shuffling can be implemented using only rank-order data, and thus provides a nonparametric method for masking. We illustrate the applicability of data shuffling for small and large data sets.
CD8+T cell–specific induction of NKG2D receptor by doxorubicin plus interleukin-12 and its contribution to CD8+T cell accumulation in tumors (2014)

We conclude that Dox plus IL-12 induces NKG2D in CD8+T cells in vivo and boosts NKG2D+CD8+T-dependent antitumor immune surveillance. This discovery reveals a novel mechanism for how chemoimmunotherapy synergistically promotes T cell-mediated antitumor immune surveillance.
An estimator-predictor approach to PLL loop filter design (1990)

The design of digital phase locked loops (DPLL) using estimation theory concepts in the selection of a loop filter is presented. The key concept, that the DPLL closed-loop transfer function is decomposed into an estimator and a predictor, is discussed. The estimator provides recursive estimates of phase, frequency, and higher-order derivatives, and the predictor compensates for the transport lag inherent in the loop.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
An optimized matrix‐assisted laser desorption/ionization sample preparation using a liquid matrix, 3‐aminoquinoline/ <i>α</i> ‐cyano‐4‐hydroxycinnamic acid, for phosphopeptides (2012)

Sensitivity of phosphopeptides was improved by the optimized sample preparation method using 3-AQ/CHCA compared with the conventional method using 2,5-DHB. The validation of 3-AQ/CHCA for phosphopeptides was systematically confirmed, expanding the potential of this matrix to phosphoproteomics.
A Novel Mutation In Bruton Tyrosine Kinase Confers Acquired Resistance To Ibrutinib (PCI-32765) In CLL (2013)

Abstract The Bruton tyrosine kinase (BTK) inhibitor, ibrutinib has produced durable remissions in chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL). We describe a CLL patient who progressed while receiving ibrutinib following 20 months of once daily dosing. A cysteine-to-serine amino acid replacement was identified in BTK at position 481 that disrupts the covalent, but not non-covalent, binding of ibrutinib to BTK in silico structural modeling1. The mutation was present in relapsed samples while absent in the pre-treatment and responding samples. Following the mutation, the B cell receptor (BCR) pathway was reactivated as evidenced by increased cell signaling activities and gene expression profiles. Comparing the relapsed samples with the pre-treatment and responding samples, at the cellular level, mutated CLL cells displayed higher levels of the cell proliferation marker Ki67 in vivo and higher levels of ex-vivo BrdU incorporation. Transfection of the C481S mutant construct into a sensitive lymphoma cell line rendered it much more resistant to ibrutinib treatment demonstrating the cellular impact of the mutation (see attached graph). Interestingly, the ibrutinib-resistant CLL cells remained sensitive to other BCR inhibitors such as dasatinib and SYK inhibitors. These results confirm BTK as an important pharmacologic target of ibrutinib. Further, a mechanism of resistance was revealed, and alternative therapeutic options for ibrutinib resistance were explored. (First three authors with equal contribution) Disclosures: Furman: Genentech: Consultancy, Speakers Bureau; GlaxoSmithKline: Consultancy, Speakers Bureau; Pharmacyclics: Consultancy; Gilead: Consultancy. Chang:Pharmacyclics: Employment, Equity Ownership.
Polyester Adhesives in Nonwovens and Other Textile Applications (1987)

The objective of this paper is to review some of the basic properties of polyester adhesives, the types of bonds that can be made with them, and some of their more important end-use applications. In general, these polymers are crystallizable tere phthalate copolyesters containing one or more dibasic acids and one or more glycols. They have melting points ranging from about 100 to 130°C, will crystallize from the melt in from less than one to more than 10 min, and have melt viscosities ranging from about 35,000 to 300,000 cp at application temperature. Fabric bonds made with polyester adhesives generally have good resistance to laundering and to dry cleaning. These low-melting polyesters are readily used for the bonding of nonwoven fabrics based on several types of staple fibers and can also be spun into melt-blown web form. Uses for the nonwoven webs and melt-blown webs include the lamination of foam, scrim, vinyl, paper, glass, and carbon substrates as well as commercial substrates containing polyester polyamide, or celluslosic fibers.
A Microwave-Assisted Click Chemistry Synthesis of 1,4-Disubstituted 1,2,3-Triazoles via a Copper(I)-Catalyzed Three-Component Reaction (2004)

A microwave-assisted three-component reaction was used to prepare a series of 1,4-disubstituted-1,2,3-triazoles from corresponding alkyl halides, sodium azide, and alkynes. This procedure eliminates the need to handle organic azides, as they are generated in situ, making this already powerful click process even more user-friendly and safe.
Targeted inhibition of PI3 kinase/mTOR specifically in fibrotic lung fibroblasts suppresses pulmonary fibrosis in experimental models (2020)

Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is a lethal disease with an average life expectancy of 3 to 5 years. IPF is characterized by progressive stiffening of the lung parenchyma due to excessive deposition of collagen, leading to gradual failure of gas exchange. Although two therapeutic agents have been approved from the FDA for IPF, they only slow disease progression with little impact on outcome. To develop a more effective therapy, we have exploited the fact that collagen-producing myofibroblasts express a membrane-spanning protein, fibroblast activation protein (FAP), that exhibits limited if any expression on other cell types. Because collagen-producing myofibroblasts are only found in fibrotic tissues, solid tumors, and healing wounds, FAP constitutes an excellent marker for targeted delivery of drugs to tissues undergoing pathologic fibrosis. We demonstrate here that a low-molecular weight FAP ligand can be used to deliver imaging and therapeutic agents selectively to FAP-expressing cells. Because induction of collagen synthesis is associated with phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K) activation, we designed a FAP-targeted PI3K inhibitor that selectively targets FAP-expressing human IPF lung fibroblasts and potently inhibited collagen synthesis. Moreover, we showed that administration of the inhibitor in a mouse model of IPF inhibited PI3K activation in fibrotic lungs, suppressed production of hydroxyproline (major building block of collagen), reduced collagen deposition, and increased mouse survival. Collectively, these studies suggest that a FAP-targeted PI3K inhibitor might be promising for treating IPF.
Characterization of incremental data changes for efficient data protection (2013)

Protecting data on primary storage often requires creating secondary copies by periodically replicating the data to external target systems. We analyze over 100,000 traces from 125 customer block-based primary storage systems to gain a high-level understanding of I/O characteristics and then perform an in-depth analysis of over 500 traces from 13 systems that span at least 24 hours. Our analysis has the twin goals of minimizing overheads on primary systems and improving data replication efficiency. We compare our results with a study a decade ago [20] and provide fresh insights into patterns of incremental changes on primary systems over time.

Primary storage systems often create snapshots as point-in-time copies in order to support host I/O while replicating changed data to target systems. However, creating standard snapshots on a primary storage system incurs overheads in terms of capacity and I/O, and we present a new snapshot technique called a replication snapshot that reduces these overheads. Replicated data also requires capacity and I/O on the target system, and we investigate techniques to significantly reduce these overheads. We also find that highly sequential or random I/O patterns have different incremental change characteristics. Where applicable, we present our findings as advice to storage engineers and administrators.
Document Classification Using a Finite Mixture Model (1997)

Americanae nace como un proyecto conjunto que surge dentro de la Red Europea de Información y Documentación sobre América Latina (REDIAL), y que ha afrontado la Biblioteca de la Agencia Española de Cooperación Internacional para el Desarrollo (AECID). Esta nueva biblioteca virtual hace más accesibles los libros digitales de tema americanista a los investigadores y usuarios interesados de cualquier parte del mundo.
49.3: H‐PDLC Color Separation Device for Image Capture Systems (2000)

Abstract A novel device for separation of color image components in image capture systems is described. The device is based upon temporal switching of HPDLC elements with tunable spectral passbands. The device may be operated as either a reflective RGB color separation mirror or a transmissive CMY color separation filter. A breadboard color image capture system using this device for color separation has been developed and tested as a proof of concept.
Single-cycle scalable terahertz pulse source in reflection geometry (2019)

A tilted-pulse-front pumped terahertz pulse source is proposed for the generation of extremely high field single-cycle terahertz pulses. The very simple and compact source consists of a single crystal slab having a blazed reflection grating grooved in its back surface. Its further important advantages are the energy scalability and the symmetric THz beam profile. Generation of ∼50 MV/cm focused field with 10.8 mJ terahertz pulse energy is predicted for a 7 cm diameter LiNbO <sub>3</sub> crystal, if the pump pulse is of 870 mJ energy, 1030 nm central wavelength and 1 ps pulse duration. Such sources can decisively promote the realization of THz driven electron and proton accelerators and open the way for a new generation concept of terahertz pulses having extreme high field.
Selective expression of latency-associated peptide (LAP) and IL-1 receptor type I/II (CD121a/CD121b) on activated human FOXP3+ regulatory T cells allows for their purification from expansion cultures (2009)

Although adoptive transfer of regulatory T cells (Foxp3(+) Tregs) has proven to be efficacious in the prevention and treatment of autoimmune diseases and graft-versus-host disease in rodents, a major obstacle for the use of Treg immunotherapy in humans is the difficulty of obtaining a highly purified preparation after ex vivo expansion. We have identified latency-associated peptide (LAP) and IL-1 receptor type I and II (CD121a/CD121b) as unique cell-surface markers that distinguish activated Tregs from activated FOXP3(-) and FOXP3(+) non-Tregs. We show that it is feasible to sort expanded FOXP3(+) Tregs from non-Tregs with the use of techniques for magnetic bead cell separation based on expression of these 3 markers. After separation, the final product contains greater than 90% fully functional FOXP3(+) Tregs. This novel protocol should facilitate the purification of Tregs for both cell-based therapies as well as detailed studies of human Treg function in health and disease.
Automated change detection for synthetic aperture sonar (2014)

In this paper, an automated change detection technique is presented that compares new and historical seafloor images created with sidescan synthetic aperture sonar (SAS) for changes occurring over time. The method consists of a four stage process: a coarse navigational alignment; fine-scale co-registration using the scale invariant feature transform (SIFT) algorithm to match features between overlapping images; sub-pixel co-registration to improves phase coherence; and finally, change detection utilizing canonical correlation analysis (CCA). The method was tested using data collected with a high-frequency SAS in a sandy shallow-water environment. By using precise co-registration tools and change detection algorithms, it is shown that the coherent nature of the SAS data can be exploited and utilized in this environment over time scales ranging from hours through several days.
Novel ultrasound based time averaged flow mapping method for die entry visualization in flow of highly concentrated shear-thinning and shear-thickening suspensions (2002)

In this work a methodology for high-resolution time averaged two-dimensional flow mapping of converging flows was explored. Flow of non-transparent, highly concentrated shear-thinning and shear-thickening suspensions was circulating through the entrance flow adapter with adjustable position of the die entry. The entrance region was scanned with the distance resolution of 2.7 mm × 1 mm, radial to axial displacement respectively. The time averaged flow map was composed from one-dimensional flow profiles measured along the ultrasonic sensor beam using the ultrasonic pulsed echo Doppler technique. Priory to die entry visualization an investigation of flow properties was performed using a novel in-line non-invasive measuring technique. The method is based on combination of the ultrasound velocity profiler velocity monitoring and pressure difference method. The rheological flow properties were derived from simultaneous recording and on-line analysis of the velocity profiles across the tube channel and related radial shear stress profiles calculated from the pressure loss along the flow channel. For the first time the entrance flow of shear-thickening suspension could be visualized. A comparison between the flow of the investigated model suspensions was qualitatively analysed. This method gives an opportunity for time averaged flow mapping of viscoelastic and viscous, non-transparent, multiphase and highly concentrated fluids.
Removal of dental filling materials by Er:YAG laser radiation (1991)

In previous reports it could be shown that pulsed Er:YAG laser radiation is effective for the removal of dental enamel, dentin, and caries. Damage to the adjacent hard substances is minimal. Temperature measurements and animal studies revealed that thermal pulp damage can be avoided. The experimental results make the Er:YAG laser promising for the preparation of dental cavities. In many cases patients already have fillings which have to be removed. In the present work, investigation is made of the effect of Er:YAG laser radiation on various restorative filling materials. The experiments demonstrate that removal is possible for all tested cements, composites and amalgam. Ablation efficiency is comparable to that of enamel and dentin, and thus sufficient for practical applications. Morphology of crater walls indicates greater thermal side effects than for natural dental hard substances.
Regulation of Gene Expression and Cellular Localization of Cloned Klebsiella aerogenes (K. pneumoniae) Urease (1989)

The genes for Klebsiella aerogenes (K. pneumoniae) urease were cloned and the protein was overexpressed (up to 18% of total protein consisted of this enzyme) in several hosts. The small size of the DNA encoding urease (3.5 kb), the restriction map, and the regulation of enzyme expression directed by the recombinant plasmid are distinct from other cloned ureases. Nickel concentration did not affect urease gene expression, as demonstrated by the high levels of apoenzyme measured in cells grown in nickel-free media. However, nickel was required for urease activity. The overproducing recombinant strain was used for immunogold electron microscopic localization studies to demonstrate that urease is a cytoplasmic enzyme.
Terahertz time domain attenuated total reflection spectroscopy with an integrated prism system (2012)

We demonstrated attenuated total reflection (ATR) spectroscopy with an integrated prism system that included a terahertz emitter, a terahertz receiver, and an ATR prism. The ATR prism had two internal off-axis parabolic mirrors for, respectively, collimating and focusing the terahertz waves. The Fresnel loss at each interface was reduced, and the total propagation efficiency was 3.36 times larger than when using a non-integrated prism system. The refractive index of water samples calculated from the experimental data showed good agreement with values reported in the literature.
Optimizing operations in 3-D land seismic surveys (2001)

Abstract We formulate and solve a mathematical programming optimization model to find a minimum cost solution for an orthogonal split-spread design in a 3-D land seismic survey. The model contains decision variables on source and receiver location spacings, the amount of receiver equipment, and the production rate of the seismic crews. The model includes operational constraints for source and receiver movements. It also includes geophysical constraints for fold coverage, offset, and azimuth. To demonstrate the efficacy of the model, we include an example and solve it using the nonlinear optimization solver in Microsoft Excel. The model results demonstrate the classic trade-off between source and receiver points to satisfy the geophysical requirements. In addition, we conduct sensitivity analysis on an important production parameter: the maximum number of source points that can be shot per day. We show that although changes to this parameter do not impact the decision variables, such changes do have a significant effect on the total cost of the survey.
Redox Properties of Human Manganese Superoxide Dismutase and Active-Site Mutants (2001)

The redox potential of human manganese superoxide dismutase (MnSOD) has been difficult to determine because of the problem of finding suitable electron mediators. We have found that ferricyanide and pentacyanoaminoferrate can be used as electron mediators, although equilibration is very slow with a half-time near 6 h. Values of the midpoint potential were determined both by allowing enzyme and mediators to equilibrate up to 38 h and by reductive titration adding dithionite to enzyme and mediator. An overall value of the midpoint potential was found to be 393 +/- 29 mV. To elucidate the role of His30 and Tyr34 in the active site of human MnSOD, we have also measured the redox properties of the site-specific mutants His30Asn (H30N) and Tyr34Phe (Y34F) and compared them with the wild-type enzyme. Crystal structures have shown that each mutation interrupts a hydrogen bond network in the active site, and each causes a 10-fold decrease in the maximal velocity of catalysis of superoxide dismutation as compared with wild type. The present study shows that H30N and Y34F human MnSOD have very little effect, within experimental uncertainty, on the redox potential of the active-site metal. The redox potentials determined electrochemically were 365 +/- 28 mV for H30N and 435 +/- 30 mV for Y34F MnSOD. These results suggest that the role of His30 and Tyr34 is more in support of catalysis, probably proton transport, and not in the tuning of the redox potential.