gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
FEASIBILITY STUDY OF DUPOLY TO RECYCLE DEPLETED URANIUM. (1998)

DUPoly, depleted uranium (DU) powder microencapsulated in a low-density polyethylene binder, has been demonstrated as an innovative and efficient recycle product, a very durable high density material with significant commercial appeal. DUPoly was successfully prepared using uranium tetrafluoride (UF{sub 4}) ''green salt'' obtained from Fluor Daniel-Fernald, a U.S. Department of Energy reprocessing facility near Cincinnati, Ohio. Samples containing up to 90 wt% UF{sub 4} were produced using a single screw plastics extruder, with sample densities of up to 3.97 {+-} 0.08 g/cm{sup 3} measured. Compressive strength of as-prepared samples (50-90 wt% UF4 ) ranged from 1682 {+-} 116 psi (11.6 {+-} 0.8 MPa) to 3145 {+-} 57 psi (21.7 {+-} 0.4 MPa). Water immersion testing for a period of 90 days produced no visible degradation of the samples. Leach rates were low, ranging from 0.02 % (2.74 x 10{sup {minus}6} gm/gm/d) for 50 wt% UF{sub 4} samples to 0.72 % (7.98 x 10{sup {minus}5} gm/gm/d) for 90 wt% samples. Sample strength was not compromised by water immersion. DUPoly samples containing uranium trioxide (UO{sub 3}), a DU reprocessing byproduct material stockpiled at the Savannah River Site, were gamma irradiated to 1 x 10{sup 9} rad with no visible deterioration. Compressive strength increased significantly, however: up to 200% for samples with 90 wt% UO{sub 3}. Correspondingly, percent deformation (strain) at failure was decreased for all samples. Gamma attenuation data on UO{sub 3} DUPoly samples yielded mass attenuation coefficients greater than those for lead. Neutron removal coefficients were calculated and shown to correlate well with wt% of DU. Unlike gamma attenuation, both hydrogenous and nonhydrogenous materials interact to attenuate neutrons.
Complexity-distortion tradeoffs in image and video compression (2000)

In this thesis we investigate variable complexity algorithms. The complexities of these algorithms are input-dependent, i.e., the type of input determines the complexity required to complete the operation. The key idea is to enable the algorithm to classify the inputs so that unnecessary operations can be pruned. The goal of the design of the variable complexity algorithm is to minimize the average complexity over all possible input types, including the cost of classifying the inputs. We study two of the fundamental operations in standard image/video compression, namely, the discrete cosine transform (DCT) and motion estimation (ME). 
We first explore variable complexity in inverse DCT by testing for zero inputs. The test structure can also be optimized for minimal total complexity for a given inputs statistics. In this case, the larger the number of zero coefficients, i.e., the coarser the quantization stepsize, the greater the complexity reduction. As a consequence, tradeoffs between complexity and distortion can be achieved. 
For direct DCT we propose a variable complexity fast approximation algorithm. The variable complexity part computes only DCT coefficients that will not be quantized to zeros according to the classification results (in addition the quantizer can benefit from this information by by-passing its operations for zero coefficients). The classification structure can also be optimized for a given input statistics. On the other hand, the fast approximation part approximates the DCT coefficients with much less complexity. The complexity can be scaled, i.e., it allows more complexity reduction at lower quality coding, and can be made quantization-dependent to keep the distortion degradation at a certain level. 
In video coding, ME is the part of the encoder that requires the most complexity and therefore achieving significant complexity reduction in ME has always been a goal in video coding research. We propose two fast algorithms based on fast distance metric computation or fast matching approaches. Both of our algorithms allow computational scalability in distance computation with graceful degradation in the overall image quality. The first algorithm exploits hypothesis testing in fast metric computation whereas the second algorithm uses thresholds obtained from partial distances in hierarchical candidate elimination. (Abstract shortened by UMI.)
ChemInform Abstract: An Efficient Method for the Preparation of 3‐(Substituted Thiomethyl)‐ 7‐aminocephalosporins. (1986)

Abstract Die Thiomethyl‐3‐cepheme (III) lassen sich aus dem Acetat (I) und den Thiolen (II) unter BF 3 ‐Katalyse herstellen.
Flame surface modification of polypropylene film (1996)

Contact-angle measurements, the ASTM standard wetting test for polyolefin films, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS or ESCA) were used to characterize flame-treated polypropylene (PP) films. Two combustion models, STANJAN and PREMIX, were then used to determine the chemical and physical properties of the flames used to treat the PP films. Both the flame equivalence ratio and the position of the PP film in the flame are important variables in determining the extent of oxidation and improvement in wettability obtained by flame treating. The optimal equivalence ratio for the flame treatment of PP is 0.93, while the optimal luminous flame-to-film distance is 0-2 mm. Modeling of the combustion processes occurring in the flame provides evidence that the extent of treatment correlates closely with the concentrations of H, O, and OH radicals present in the flame. The extent of surface modification of the flame-treated PP does not appear to correlate with either the flame temperature or the concentraion of oxygen molecules. The mechanism of surface oxidation by flame treatment probably involves polymer-radical formation by O and OH, followed by rapid reaction of the polymer radicals with O, OH, and O2.
Probiotics for human lactational mastitis (2014)

The use of culture-dependent and -independent techniques to study the human milk microbiota and microbiome has revealed a complex ecosystem with a much greater diversity than previously anticipated. The potential role of the milk microbiome appears to have implications not only for short- and long-term infant health but also for mammary health. In fact, mammary disbiosis, which may be triggered by a variety of host, microbial and medical factors, often leads to acute, subacute or subclinical mastitis, a condition that represents the first medical cause for undesired weaning. Multiresistance to antibiotics, together with formation of biofilms and mechanisms for evasion of the host immune response, is a common feature among the bacterial agents involved. This explains why this condition uses to be elusive to antibiotic therapy and why the development of new strategies for mastitis management based on probiotics is particularly appealing. In fact, selected lactobacilli strains isolated from breast milk have already shown a high efficacy for treatment.
Performance comparison of iterative/integral equalizer/decoder structures for underwater acoustic channels (2002)

The use of an adaptive decision feedback equalizer (DFE) in the demodulation of high speed data transmitted through underwater acoustic channels has been well established. In many channels, however, the performance obtained with the conventional DFE and decoder is not adequate for particular applications. This paper considers four different iterative equalization/decoder techniques for improving the performance of the receiver. One technique uses the hard decisions from the decoder output to feed back to the DFE for making additional passes through the data. The second technique uses the soft outputs from the decoder output to feed back to the DFE. The third technique, termed an integral iterative equalization scheme, is designed to mitigate and correct the errors being fed back to the DFE in a block fashion within the data packet. Finally, the fourth technique, called a turbo equalizer, is an iterative scheme which employs a MAP equalizer and a MAP decoder. These iterative/integral equalization/decoding techniques are applied to convolutionally encoded BPSK and QPSK data received during several field tests. The performance of the iterative equalizer/decoder algorithms is compared on the basis of bit error rate and packet statistics.
High‐resolution NMR correlation experiments in a single measurement (HR‐PANACEA) (2010)

Three important NMR pulse sequences, INADEQUATE, HSQC and three-dimensional HMBC have been combined into a single entity called high-resolution Parallel Acquisition NMR: an All-in-one Combination of Experimental Applications (HR-PANACEA) to provide reliable structural information about a small molecule in a single measurement. This exploits a recent instrumental development that permits simultaneous acquisition of signals from several nuclear species, using multiple receivers. Where high-precision values of the long-range heteronuclear splittings are important, selected regions of a large experimental data matrix are extracted and examined with the highest possible resolution. The J-doubling technique is then applied to derive precise values for these couplings. As proof of principle, the method is applied to the molecule of methyl salicylate, confirming the expected conformation of the C-O-H moiety.
Optimization of Skin Electroporation in Mice to Increase Tolerability of DNA Vaccine Delivery to Patients (2009)

Electroporation has, during the last years, proven to be a very successful delivery method for DNA vaccines and has now reached clinical evaluation. Although intramuscular electroporation is practical in animal models, intradermal electroporation might be more suitable for clinical administration. Skin is the most accessible organ of the body and has professional antigen-presenting cells in large amounts; thus, skin is an ideal target for DNA vaccine delivery. Moreover, intradermal electroporation has clear clinical benefits such as improved safety and tolerability. This article describes improvements for effective and tolerable DNA delivery to skin. The time of pulse delivery has been shortened by 90% and even pulse programs of 240-ms total duration generate robust immune responses. We show that a single vaccination using an optimized gene delivery generates (i) high and consistent protein expression in vivo, (ii) cytotoxic antigen-specific T cells expressing both IFNgamma and CD107a (lysosomal-associated membrane protein 1). Furthermore, application of a topical anesthetic cream prior to vaccination does not affect the number or function of the antigen-specific T cells induced. This suggests that local anesthesia can be used to further decrease the sensation of pulse delivery in patients.
Wafer-scale film encapsulation of micromachined accelerometers (2004)

Micromachined accelerometers have been one of the most successful MEMS devices. Once a successful MEMS device is developed, packaging is the most critical step commercializing the device. Micromachined accelerometers are currently packaged with a separate lid made of glass or silicon bonded on the accelerometer device wafer. In this study, we have developed a new advanced packaging scheme using a thick film epitaxial grown polysilicon encapsulation. With this method, we can reduce the total die size and reduce an additional "cap" wafer; both result in cost reduction. Furthermore the encapsulation can withstand conventional post processing, such as dicing, wire bonding and even injection molding. This paper will discuss the packaging process and show performance results from encapsulated piezoresistive and capacitive accelerometers.
Abstract 2839: Specific mutant tumor DNA can be detected in ovarian cystic fluid of an unknown ovarian tumor cyst (2015)

Abstract Can we detect rare mutations in ovarian cystic fluid of unknown severity in order to develop a molecular genetic test for epithelial ovarian cancer? Background: Benign and malignant ovarian cysts are difficult to distinguish. Early diagnose is life saving, however 75% of ovarian adenocarcinomas is found in late stage. Approx. one operated ovarian cyst in 7-10 are found to be cancer and potentially life-threatening, subjecting the woman to unnecessary oophorectomy and morbidity. A genetic test of fine needle aspirated cystic fluid has to be very accurate to be able to substitute the histopathologic examination following surgery. Methods: DNA was purified from 78 ovarian cystic fluids (collected at the time of operation) from serous adenomas/adenocarcinomas and corresponding tumor tissues and subjected to state-of-the-art genetic analysis. We evaluated ∼10,000 bp for subtle mutations (single base substitutions, small insertions, small deletions). Under the conditions used, mutations present in &gt;0.1% of template molecules could be detected. The analyses were carried out in a completely blind fashion. We then evaluated the DNA of the primary tumor. Results: We detected zero, one, or two mutations per cyst. The same mutations were identified in the corresponding tumor tissue, and no others. This dramatically confirms the specificity of the approach. 91% of the malignant cysts (n = 32) had at least one mutation and 62% of these were in TP53; 17% in low (n = 12) and 90% in high (n = 20) grade serous adenocarcinoma regardless of stage. In low-grade tumors mutations in KRAS dominated over PIK3C and PTEN. 65% of the borderline type (LMP n = 20) tumors had a BRAF V600E mutation. The mutant allelic fraction was much higher in malignant than benign tumors; the DNA concentration was relatively low in 20 benign cysts and no mutations were identified in this group consisting of 10 serous adenoma and 10 simple cysts (healthy controls). Results will be correlated to survival. Conclusion: Data proofs that we can detect mutant tumor DNA corresponding to the primary ovarian tumor in the ovarian cystic fluid. Data suggest that gene-testing of ovarian cystic fluid could aid in diagnostics and further guide its management. Citation Format: Karin Sundfeldt, Björg Kristjansdottir, Bert Vogelstein. Specific mutant tumor DNA can be detected in ovarian cystic fluid of an unknown ovarian tumor cyst. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 106th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2015 Apr 18-22; Philadelphia, PA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2015;75(15 Suppl):Abstract nr 2839. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2015-2839
Abstract 1220: A novel PTK7-targeted antibody-drug conjugate eliminates tumor-initiating cells and induces sustained tumor regressions (2016)

Abstract Disease relapse after treatment is common in triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC), ovarian cancer and non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Therapies that target tumor-initiating cells (TICs) should improve patient survival by eliminating the cells that can drive tumor regrowth and metastasis. Here we identify Protein Tyrosine Kinase 7 (PTK7), a highly conserved but catalytically inactive receptor tyrosine kinase, as an antigen that is enriched on TICs in low-passage patient-derived xenografts (PDX) of TNBC, NSCLC and other tumor types. An anti-PTK7 antibody-drug conjugate (ADC) was generated from a humanized anti-PTK7 monoclonal antibody, a cleavable valine-citrulline-based linker and the Aur0101 auristatin microtubule inhibitor. The anti-PTK7 ADC induced sustained regressions of TNBC, NSCLC and ovarian cancer PDX, with improved activity over standard-of-care chemotherapy, and reduced the frequency of TICs as determined by serial transplantation experiments. Moreover, the ADC may have additional mechanisms of action, including an anti-angiogenic effect, that promote anti-tumor immune responses. Together these preclinical results indicate the potential of the anti-PTK7 ADC to improve the long-term survival of cancer patients. The ADC is currently being tested in a Phase 1 clinical trial, from which interim results will be presented. Citation Format: Marc Isaac Damelin, Alex Bankovich, Jeff Bernstein, Justin Lucas, Liang Chen, Sam Williams, Albert Park, Jorge Aguilar, Elana Ernstoff, Manoj Charati, Russell Dushin, Amy Jackson-Fisher, Monette Aujay, Christina Lee, Hanna Ramoth, Milly Milton, Johannes Hampl, Sasha Lazetic, Virginia Pulito, Douglas Armellino, Edward Rosfjord, Magali Guffroy, Hadi Falahatpisheh, Lindsay King, Frank Barletta, Robert Stull, Marybeth Pysz, Paul Escarpe, David Liu, Orit Foord, Brenda Gibson, Eric Powell, Christopher O’Donnell, Xiaohua Xin, Hans Peter Gerber, Puja Sapra, Scott Dylla. A novel PTK7-targeted antibody-drug conjugate eliminates tumor-initiating cells and induces sustained tumor regressions. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 107th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2016 Apr 16-20; New Orleans, LA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2016;76(14 Suppl):Abstract nr 1220.
PABP2 polyalanine tract expansion causes intranuclear inclusions in oculopharyngeal muscular dystrophy (2000)

Oculopharyngeal muscular dystrophy is caused by expansion of a (GCG)n trinucleotide repeat in the poly(A) binding protein 2 (PABP2) gene. The pathological hallmark of oculopharyngeal muscular dystrophy is the accumulation of intranuclear inclusions in muscle fibers. To test whether the polyalanine expansion of PABP2 directly leads to the formation of the nuclear aggregates, both normal and expanded PABP2 cDNAs were expressed in COS-7 cells. We find that expression of mutated PABP2 protein is sufficient for its accumulation as intranuclear inclusions. Ann Neurol 2000;48:798–802
Enabling Full Associativity with Memristive Address Decoder (2018)

Address decoders are typically built using regular logic gates. A novel Memristive Perfect Induction gate replaces standard NAND, allowing for storing the address alongside data and comparing it to the input address, thus transforming the address decoder into CAM and enabling fully associative access. Applications include fully associative TLB, cache, and virtually addressable memory.
Xenotransplantation of embryonic pig pancreas for treatment of diabetes mellitus in non-human primates (2013)

Transplantation therapy for diabetes in humans is limited by the low availability of human donor whole pancreas or islets. Outcomes are complicated by immunosuppressive drug toxicity. Xenotransplantation is a strategy to overcome supply problems. Implantation of tissue obtained early during embryogenesis is a way to reduce transplant immunogenicity. Pig insulin is biologically active in humans. In that regard the pig is an appropriate xenogeneic organ donor. Insulin-producing cells originating from embryonic pig pancreas obtained very early following pancreatic primordium formation [embryonic day 28 (E28)] engraft long-term in rhesus macaques. Endocrine cells originating from embryonic pig pancreas transplanted in host mesentery migrate to mesenteric lymph nodes, engraft, differentiate and improve glucose tolerance in rhesus macaques without the need for immune suppression. Transplantation of embryonic pig pancreas is a novel approach towards beta cell replacement therapy that could be applicable to humans.
A knowledge-based boundary delineation system for contrast ventriculograms (2001)

Automated left-ventricle (LV) boundary delineation from contrast ventriculograms has been studied for decades. Unfortunately, no accurate methods have ever been reported. A new knowledge based multistage method to automatically delineate the LV boundary at end diastole (ED) and end systole (ES) is discussed in this paper. It has a mean absolute boundary error or about 2 mm and an associated ejection fraction error of about 6%. The method makes extensive use of knowledge about LV shape and movement. The processing includes a multiimage pixel region classification, shape regression, and rejection classification. The method was trained and cross-validated tested on a database of 375 studies whose ED and ES boundary had been manually traced as the ground truth. The cross-validated results presented in this paper show that the accuracy is close to and slightly above the interobserver variability.
Analogs of 3-quinuclidinyl benzilate (1982)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTAnalogs of 3-quinuclidinyl benzilateW. J. Rzeszotarski, R. E. Gibson, W. C. Eckelman, D. A. Simms, E. M. Jagoda, N. L. Ferreira, and R. C. RebaCite this: J. Med. Chem. 1982, 25, 9, 1103–1106Publication Date (Print):September 1, 1982Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 September 1982https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jm00351a020https://doi.org/10.1021/jm00351a020research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views235Altmetric-Citations38LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Simultaneous distributed strain and temperature measurement using a dual-Brillouin-peak optical fiber (2019)

Simultaneous distributed strain and temperature measurement based on Brillouin frequency shift (BFS) was demonstrated using a dual-Brillouin-peak single-mode (SM) optical fiber. The fiber is designed and fabricated with enhanced Brillouin gain of higher-order acoustic modes so that the gains of the multiple Brillouin peaks are at a similar level. In a 25-kilometer sensing length with 5-meter spatial resolution, the achieved temperature resolution is 2°C and the strain resolution is 40 microstrain.
Dynamic resource allocation via video content and short-term traffic statistics (2001)

The reliable and efficient transmission of high-quality variable bit rate (VBR) video through the Internet generally requires network resources be allocated in a dynamic fashion. This includes the determination of when to renegotiate for network resources, as well as how much to request at a given time. The accuracy of any resource request method depends critically on its prediction of future traffic patterns. Such a prediction can be performed using the content and traffic information of short video segments. This paper presents a systematic approach to select the best features for prediction, indicating that while content is important in predicting the bandwidth of a video hit stream, the use of both content and available short-term bandwidth statistics can yield significant improvements. A new framework for traffic prediction is proposed in this paper; experimental results show a smaller mean-square resource prediction error and higher overall link utilization.
Removal of Fog from Images: A Review (2012)

AbstractIn this paper, reported algorithms for the removal of fog are reviewed. Fog reduces the visibility of scene and thus performance of various computer vision algorithms which use feature information. Formation of fog is the function of the depth. Estimation of depth information is under constraint problem if single image is available. Hence, removal of fog requires assumptions or prior information. Fog removal algorithms estimate the depth information with various assumptions, which are discussed in detail here. Fog removal algorithm has a wide application in tracking and navigation, consumer electronics, and entertainment industries.