gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Tomographic Image Reconstruction based on Artificial Neural Network (ANN) techniques (2012)

A new approach for tomographic image reconstruction from projections using Artificial Neural Network (ANN) techniques is presented in this work. The design of the proposed reconstruction system is based on simple but efficient network architecture, which best utilizes all available input information. Due to the computational complexity, which grows quadratically with the image size, the training phase of the system is characterized by relatively large CPU times. The trained network, on the contrary, is able to provide all necessary information in a quick and efficient way giving results comparable to other time consuming iterative reconstruction algorithms. The performance of the network studied with a large number of software phantoms is directly compared to other iterative and analytical techniques. For a given image size and projections number, the role of the hidden layers in the network architecture is examined and the quality dependence of the reconstructed image on the size of the geometrical patterns used in the training phase is also investigated. ANN based tomographic image reconstruction can be easily implemented in modern FPGA devices and can serve as a quick initialization method to other complicated and time consuming procedures.
Relationship between quality of ambient air and respiratory diseases in the Polish population (2016)

In Poland, after the political and economic changes in the early 90s, the quality of environment, including quality of ambient air, became one of the national target priorities. We observe significant progress in improving the quality of air, however periodically (especially in the autumn-winter season) concentrations of fine particles were systematically exceeding the approved levels.
Leptin and Leptin Antagonists (2009)

The discovery of leptin, the obese (ob) gene product which is not expressed as a functional protein in ob/ob mice, focused the scientific community's attention on its role as an anorexic hormone involved in the negative regulation of food intake. Almost 14 years after this breakthrough discovery and over 14,000 leptin-related publications later, le
Ocular distribution of liposome-encapsulated epinephrine and inulin in the albino rabbit (1982)

A methodology has been developed to evaluate the disposition of liposome-encapsulated epinephrine and inulin in the conjunctival sac and selected ocular tissues. Relative to inulin, epinephrine effluxed much more rapidly from liposomes and disappeared more rapidly from the tear pool. As a result, liposomes were found to exert opposite effects on the ocular uptake of epinephrine and inulin. Over a period of 45 minutes, the concentration of epinephrine in the eye was 1.5 - 3 times lower when presented in liposomes than in aqueous solutions. This contrasted with the 3 to 15 fold increase in inulin concentration in the eye from liposomal preparations of the compound. Specifically, much of the increase in inulin concentration in the cornea can be attributed to an increase seen in the epithelium. Despite elevated inulin concentrations in the ocular tissues it bathes, the aqueous humor was devoid of inulin unless the corneal epithelium was physically removed prior to topical dosing. Collectively, these findings suggest that both the manner in which an entrapped compound interacts with the constituents of liposomes and the manner in which liposomes interact with the absorptive surfaces of the eye can significantly influence its pharmacokinetics in the eye.
Nanosecond Polarization Switching and Long Retention in a Novel MFIS-FET Based on Ferroelectric $\hbox{HfO}_{2}$ (2012)

We report the fabrication of completely CMOS-compatible ferroelectric field-effect transistors (FETs) by stabilization of a ferroelectric phase in 10-nm-thin Si:HfO <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> . The program and erase operation of this metal-ferroelectric-insulator-silicon FET (MFIS) with poly-Si/TiN/Si:HfO <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> /SiO <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> /Si gate stack is compared to the transient switching behavior of a TiN-based metal-ferroelectric-metal (MFM) capacitor. Polarization reversal in the MFM capacitor follows a characteristic time and field dependence for ferroelectric domain switching, leading to a higher switching speed with increasing applied field. Similar observations were made for the material when implemented into an MFIS structure. Nonvolatile switching was observed down to 20-ns pulsewidth, yielding a memory window (MW) of 1.2 V. Further increase in gate bias or pulsewidth led to charge injection and degradation of the MW. Retention measurements for up to 10 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">6</sup> s suggest a retention of more than ten years.
The Accessory SecA2 System of Mycobacteria Requires ATP Binding and the Canonical SecA1 (2009)

In bacteria, the majority of exported proteins are transported by the general Sec pathway from their site of synthesis in the cytoplasm across the cytoplasmic membrane. The essential SecA ATPase powers this Sec-mediated export. Mycobacteria possess two nonredundant SecA homologs: SecA1 and SecA2. In pathogenic Mycobacterium tuberculosis and the nonpathogenic model mycobacterium Mycobacterium smegmatis, SecA1 is essential for protein export and is the "housekeeping" SecA, whereas SecA2 is an accessory SecA that exports a specific subset of proteins. In M. tuberculosis the accessory SecA2 pathway plays a role in virulence. In this study, we uncovered basic properties of the mycobacterial SecA2 protein and its pathway for exporting select proteins. By constructing secA2 mutant alleles that encode proteins defective in ATP binding, we showed that ATP binding is required for SecA2 function. SecA2 mutant proteins unable to bind ATP were nonfunctional and dominant negative. By evaluating the subcellular distribution of each SecA, SecA1 was shown to be equally divided between cytosolic and cell envelope fractions, whereas SecA2 was predominantly localized to the cytosol. Finally, we showed that the canonical SecA1 has a role in the process of SecA2-dependent export. The accessory SecA2 export system is important to the physiology and virulence of mycobacteria. These studies help establish the mechanism of this new type of specialized protein export pathway.
The effect of growth temperature on the fatty acid composition of <i>Thamnidium elegans</i> Link (1978)

The fatty acid composition of a slightly psychrophilic fungus, Thamnidium elegans, has been determined and compared with other mucoraceous fungi. The growth temperature strongly influences the degree of unsaturation of lipids, as reported for other organisms, but in T. elegans both the quantitative and qualitative profiles of the fatty acids are affected. At low temperature, T. elegans contains both α- and -γ-isomers of linolenic acid. The α-isomer is reported here for the first time in a mucoraceous fungus. Besides the biosynthesis of α-linolenic acid at the low temperature, T. elegans shows an increase in synthesis of a relatively unknown fatty acid in fungi, i.e. octadecatetraenoic acid (18:4Δ 6,9,12,15 ). The significance of the occurrence of both the isomers of linolenic acid as a response to temperature and in relation to fungal phylogeny is discussed.
The repressing and enhancing functions of the herpes simplex virus regulatory protein ICP27 map to C-terminal regions and are required to modulate viral gene expression very early in infection (1990)

The phenotypic properties of ICP27 temperature-sensitive and deletion mutants and the results of transient expression assays have demonstrated that ICP27 has a modulatory effect on viral gene expression induced by ICPs 0 and 4. In order to identify the regions of the ICP27 molecule that are responsible for its enhancing and repressing activities, 10 nonsense and 3 in-frame deletion mutations were introduced into the coding sequence of the cloned ICP27 gene. These mutant genes were tested in transient expression assays for their ability to complement an ICP27 null mutant and to enhance and repress expression from a spectrum of herpes simplex virus type 1 promoters in reporter CAT genes when expression was induced by ICP0 or ICP4. The results of assays with cloned mutant genes demonstrate that the ICP27 polypeptide contains two regions, located between amino acid residues 327 and 407 and residues 465 and 511, that contribute to its repressing activity. The amino acid region located between the two repressing regions (residues 407 to 465) is able to interfere with ICP27 repressing activity. None of the mutant genes exhibited efficient enhancing activity for any of the herpes simplex type 1 promoters tested, demonstrating that amino acids comprising the carboxy-terminal half of the ICP27 molecule, including the terminal phenylalanine residue, are required for wild-type enhancement as well as for efficient complementation of an ICP27 null mutant. Phenotypic characterization of an in-frame deletion mutant, vd3, and a previously isolated null mutant, 5dl 1.2 (A. M. McCarthy, L. and P. A. Schaffer, J. Virol. 63:18-27, 1989), demonstrated that ICP27 is required to induce the expression of all classes of viral genes very early in infection and confirmed the requirement for ICP27 later in infection (i) to repress early gene expression, (ii) to induce wild-type levels of delayed-early or gamma 1 gene expression, and (iii) to induce true late or gamma 2 gene expression. The vd3 mutant, which specifies an ICP27 peptide lacking the repressing region between residues 327 and 407, is able to (i) repress early gene expression, consistent with the repressing ability of the d3 mutation in transient expression assays, (ii) induce the synthesis of significant but reduced levels of delayed-early (gamma 1) proteins and no gamma 2 proteins (thus vd3 exhibits a late protein phenotype intermediate between that of the wild-type virus and 5dl 1.2), and (iii) confer altered electrophoretic mobility on ICP4, demonstrating a role for ICP27 in the posttranslational modification of this essential regulatory protein.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Imaging modalities for the staging of patients with colorectal cancer. (2012)

Dutch guidelines made the following recommendations for staging colorectal cancer (CRC). For liver metastases, computed tomography (CT) or magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) could be used. For lung metastases, imaging could be limited to chest X-ray. The primary aim of this survey was to summarise the use of imaging modalities and the variation in techniques. Three surveys were created and sent to three groups of medical specialists, namely surgeons, radiologists and nuclear medicine physicians. The management survey included questions on the role of different modalities for evaluation of synchronous liver, lung and extrahepatic metastases. The radiological survey included questions concerning the technical aspects of ultrasound (US), CT and MRI. The nuclear medicine survey included questions concerning the technical aspects of FDG-PET and FDG-PET/CT. The management and radiological surveys were sent to abdominal surgeons and abdominal radiologists within 88 hospitals and the nuclear medicine survey to specialists within 34 hospitals. Response rates were 75.0% (n=66/88), 77.3% (n=68/88) and 64.7% (n=22/34) for the management, radiological and nuclear medicine surveys, respectively. For liver metastases, the first modality of choice was CT in 52 (78.8%) and US in 12 hospitals (18.2%). Lung metastases were evaluated by either chest X-ray or chest CT and extrahepatic metastases mainly by CT (n=55). In the radiological and nuclear medicine surveys, some variations in techniques of US, CT, MRI , FDG-PET and FDG-PET/CT were seen. CT is primarily used for liver and extrahepatic metastases and both chest CT and chest X-ray for lung metastases. There are discrepancies between the survey of daily practice and the present guidelines. Comparative studies on different staging strategies for colon and rectal cancer, including comparing a strategy of CT liver/abdomen versus MRI liver/abdomen for the evaluation of liver and extrahepatic disease and chest X-ray or chest CT for lung metastases would be important for well-founded adjustments of the present guidelines.
Effect of Moringa oleifera on advanced glycation end-product formation and lipid metabolism gene expression in HepG2 cells (2014)

In Thai traditional medicine, Moringa oleifera is used for the treatment of diabetes and hyperlipidemia. Oxidative stress plays a major role in the pathogenesis of many degenerative diseases, such as hyperlipidemia, diabetes mellitus, and cardiovascular disease. We evaluated the antioxidant effect of M. oleifera extract (MOE) for reduction of advanced glycation end-product (AGE) formation, cell viability, oxidative stress, and lipid metabolism gene expression in HepG2 cells. We found that the lyophilized form of MOE in 80% ethanol possessed mean (± SD) total antioxidant, polyphenolic, and flavonoid contents of 9307 ± 364 TE mM/kg dry mass, 218 ± 1 GE mM/kg dry mass, and 286 ± 12 QE mM/kg dry mass, determined using an oxygen radical absorbance capacity assay, a Folin Ciocalteu phenol assay, and a total flavonoids assay, respectively. Concentrations of 2.5-10.0 mg/mL MOE could inhibit AGE-formation by 10-45%, and 100-1000 mg/L MOE reduced intracellular oxidative stress (P < 0.05) in a dose-dependent manner in the DCFH-DA assay. However, MOE induced cytotoxicity at high doses (2000-3000 mg/L), as shown by the MTT assay. MOE significantly downregulated the mRNA expression of the HMG-CoAR, PPARα1, and PPARγ genes (P < 0.05). We concluded that M. oleifera could have benefits for human health by reducing oxidative stress and AGE formation. Moreover, M. oleifera may reduce cholesterol and lipid synthesis by suppression of HMG-CoAR, PPARα1, and PPARγ gene expression, thereby maintaining lipid homeostasis.
Amorphous metallic foam (2003)

The bulk glass forming alloy Pd43Ni10Cu27P20 is processed into a low-density amorphous metallic foam. Pd43Ni10Cu27P20 is mixed with hydrated B2O3, which releases gas at elevated temperature and/or low pressure. Very homogeneous foams are achieved due to the high viscosity of the alloy even at its liquidus temperature. By processing at the liquidus temperature and decreasing the pressure to 10−2 mbar, well-distributed bubbles expand to foam the material. Foam densities as low as 1.4×103 kg/m3 were obtained, corresponding to a bubble volume fraction of 84%. The bubble diameter ranges between 2×10−4 and 1×10−3 m. Thermal analysis by differential scanning calorimetry confirms the amorphous nature of the foam. Furthermore, it reveals that the foam’s thermal stability is comparable to the bulk material.
Using LED lighting drivers for harmonic current cancellation in intelligent distribution power systems (2016)

Harmonic currents injected from low-cost rectifier loads can cause adverse impacts in electrical distribution systems. This paper presents a harmonic cancellation approach using the light-emitting-diode (LED) lighting systems, which are becoming widely considered in commercial, office, and residential buildings and homes. The proposed approach is based on redesigning the existing LED converter controller to absorb/cancel a specific harmonic current injected by other devices. This can be further exploited in conjunction with the energy management system (EMS) and advanced control network, where a smart meter can inform the LED converters of the harmonic currents to be canceled. A maximum capability of injecting individual harmonics by the LED converter is estimated for the 3 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">rd</sup> , 5 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">th</sup> , and 7 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">th</sup> significant harmonics currents. Simulation results are demonstrated to verify the effectiveness of the proposed approach.
Magnet Tracking: a new tool for <i>in vivo</i> studies of the rat gastrointestinal motility (2006)

Digestive motility was studied in the rat using a miniaturized version of the Magnet Tracking system which monitored the progression of a small magnetic pill through the entire digestive tract. The dynamics of movement was followed and three-dimensional (3-D) images of digestive tract were generated. After a retention period in the stomach and rapid passage through duodenum, the magnet progressed along the small intestine with gradually decreasing speed and longer stationary periods. It remained in the caecum for variable intervals. In the colon, periods of progress alternated with long quiescent periods. Gastric activity oscillated at 5-6 min(-1). In the small intestine, two frequency domains coexisted, showing independent modulations and proximo-distal gradients (40 to >32 and 28 to >20 min(-1)). Caecal oscillations were of 1.5 min(-1). The data allowed the magnet location and calculation of gastric and small intestinal transit times (58 +/- 36 and 83 +/- 14 min respectively), both significantly prolonged by oleate administration (243 +/- 130 and 170 +/- 45 min respectively). Magnet Tracking is a non-invasive tool to study the in vivo spatial and temporal organization of gastrointestinal motility in the rat.
Nanomicelles: Types, properties and applications in drug delivery (2021)

Nanomicelles are self-assembling nanosized (usually with particle size within a range of 10 to 100 nm) colloidal dispersions with a hydrophobic core and hydrophilic shell. Owing to its size, solubility, customised surface or its exposure to the environment, nanomicelles show some unique or novel characteristics, which makes it multifunctional and thus makes its use indispensable in biomedical application and various other fields. This review presents the unique properties of nanomicelles that makes it different from other particles and paves its way to be used as drug delivery agent and many other biological uses or applications. It also emphasises on the drug encapsulation ability of the nanomicelles and different technique of drug loading and delivery along with its advantages and disadvantages.
The Emerging Nature of Nurture (2008)

The Fundamentals of Brain Development . Integrating Nature and Nurture. By Joan Stiles . Harvard University Press, Cambridge, MA, 2008. 433 pp. $49.95, £32.95, €37.50. ISBN 9780674026742. Stiles draws on the findings of the past two decades to provide an inclusive and accessible account of the complexities and dynamism of brain development.
Real-time sound propagation hardware accelerator for immersive virtual reality 3D audio (2017)

In order to support the realistic virtual reality environment, it is necessary to reproduce virtual space and virtual acoustic space. The multi-channel audio system or a 3D sound technology using head related transfer function (HRTF) is used to reproduce the virtual acoustic space [Vorländer 2010].
An EtherCAT-based real-time motion control system in mobile robot application (2016)

This paper presents a real-time motion control system using EtherCAT protocol and its application on a differential drive mobile robot. The motion controller is designed from open-source components consisting of dual kernel approach using standard Linux and real-time extension of Xenomai, and the EtherCAT Master stack, IgH. In order to validate feasibility of the real-time system, timing analysis between the master and the slaves is performed in terms of periodicity of the cyclic task, jitter, and in-control execution time as test metrics. Furthermore, we conducted a convolution based trajectory planning algorithm that considers the physical limits of the mobile robot to generate periodic velocity commands following a curved path. Encoder data from each wheels is evaluated to guarantee the accuracy of the motion control system in Cartesian space.
Accurate detection of secondary current in shaft hole of induction motors for reliable controls (1999)

In this paper, a new accurate detection method for I2, is presented in which a MI sensor head is set in a shaft hole at the center position of a rotor endring. An almost pure sinusoidal I2, waveform with the slip frequency is stably detected using a temperature stabilized MI sensor, which is used for constitution of accurate and reliable rotary speed and torque control systems during a long time continuous operation of the IM.
A Multi-Horizon Quantile Recurrent Forecaster (2017)

We propose a framework for general probabilistic multi-step time series regression. Specifically, we exploit the expressiveness and temporal nature of Sequence-to-Sequence Neural Networks (e.g. recurrent and convolutional structures), the nonparametric nature of Quantile Regression and the efficiency of Direct Multi-Horizon Forecasting. A new training scheme, *forking-sequences*, is designed for sequential nets to boost stability and performance. We show that the approach accommodates both temporal and static covariates, learning across multiple related series, shifting seasonality, future planned event spikes and cold-starts in real life large-scale forecasting. The performance of the framework is demonstrated in an application to predict the future demand of items sold on Amazon.com, and in a public probabilistic forecasting competition to predict electricity price and load.
Central Line Mechanical Complication Rate in Emergency Medicine Patients (2001)

The CL mechanical complication rate in the ED at this institution is 3.4%. This is substantially lower than previously reported mechanical complication rates.
Jointly Modeling Label and Feature Heterogeneity in Medical Informatics (2016)

Multiple types of heterogeneity including label heterogeneity and feature heterogeneity often co-exist in many real-world data mining applications, such as diabetes treatment classification, gene functionality prediction, and brain image analysis. To effectively leverage such heterogeneity, in this article, we propose a novel graph-based model for Learning with both Label and Feature heterogeneity, namely L 2 F . It models the label correlation by requiring that any two label-specific classifiers behave similarly on the same views if the associated labels are similar, and imposes the view consistency by requiring that view-based classifiers generate similar predictions on the same examples. The objective function for L 2 F is jointly convex. To solve the optimization problem, we propose an iterative algorithm, which is guaranteed to converge to the global optimum. One appealing feature of L 2 F is that it is capable of handling data with missing views and labels. Furthermore, we analyze its generalization performance based on Rademacher complexity, which sheds light on the benefits of jointly modeling the label and feature heterogeneity. Experimental results on various biomedical datasets show the effectiveness of the proposed approach.