gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Association of tryptophan hydroxylase gene polymorphism with depression, anxiety and comorbid depression and anxiety in a population‐based sample of postpartum Taiwanese women (2004)

Depression and anxiety disorders often coexist clinically and both are known to have a genetic basis, but the mode of inheritance is too complicated to be determined so far. Serotonin is the biogenic amine neurotransmitter most commonly associated with depression and anxiety. Since tryptophan hydroxylase (TPH1) is the rate-limiting enzyme in serotonin biosynthesis, its role in the pathophysiology of these psychiatric diseases has been intensively studied. In this study, we examined whether polymorphism of the TPH1 gene is related to the etiology of major depression, anxiety and comorbid depression and anxiety. Five single nucleoside polymorphisms of the TPH1 gene were studied in a population-based sample of postpartum Taiwanese women consisting of 120 subjects with depression or/and anxiety and 86 matched normal controls. A significant difference (P = 0.0107) in genotype frequency for the T27224C polymorphism was found between the comorbid and normal groups, and risk analysis showed that the C allele conferred a strong protective effect (odds ratio = 0.27; 95% confident interval = 0.11-0.7). Three-allele haplotypes involving T27224C polymorphism were constructed and haplotype associations between particular haplotype combinations and various diseases identified. However, the associations were weak and the overall haplotype frequency profiles in all groups were similar. The results suggest that depression, anxiety, and comorbid depression and anxiety disorders may have related etiologies. In addition, this study suggests that the TPH1 gene might play a role in the pathogenesis of these closely related disorders.
Thermally Activated Delayed Fluorescence (TADF) Path toward Efficient Electroluminescence in Purely Organic Materials: Molecular Level Insight (2018)

Since the seminal work of Tang and Vanslyke in 1987 on small-molecule emitters and that of Friend and co-workers in 1990 on conjugated-polymer emitters, organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs) have attracted much attention from academia as well as industry, as the OLED market is estimated to reach the $30 billion mark by the end of 2018. In these first-generation organic emitters, on the basis of simple spin statistics, electrical excitation resulted in the formation of ∼25% singlet excitons and ∼75% triplet excitons. Radiative decay of the singlet excitons to the singlet ground state leads to a prompt fluorescence emission, while the triplet excitons only lead to weak phosphorescence due to the very small spin-orbit couplings present in purely organic molecules. The consequence is a ca. 75% energy loss, which triggered wide-ranging efforts to try and harvest as many of the triplet excitons as possible. In 1998, Thompson, Forrest, and their co-workers reported second-generation OLED emitters based on coordination complexes with heavy transition metals (e.g., iridium or platinum). Here, the triplet excitons stimulate efficient and fast phosphorescence due to the strong spin-orbit couplings enabled by the heavy-metal atoms. Internal quantum efficiencies (IQE) up to 100% have been reported, which means that for every electron injected into the device, a photon is emitted. While these second-generation emitters are those mainly exploited in current OLED applications, there is strong impetus from both cost and environmental standpoints to find new ways of exploiting purely organic emitters, which in addition can offer greater flexibility to fine-tune the electronic and optical properties by exploiting the synthetic organic chemistry toolbox. In 2012, Adachi and co-workers introduced a promising strategy, based on thermally activated delayed fluorescence (TADF), to harvest the triplet excitons in purely organic molecular materials. These materials now represent the third generation of OLED emitters. Impressive photophysical properties and device performances have been reported, with internal quantum efficiencies also reaching nearly 100%. Our objectives in this Account are threefold: (i) to lay out a comprehensive description, at the molecular level, of the fundamental photophysical processes behind TADF emitters; (ii) to discuss some of the challenges facing the design of TADF emitters, such as the need to balance the efficiency of thermal activation of triplet excitons into the singlet manifold with the efficiency of radiative transition to the ground state; and (iii) to highlight briefly some of the recent molecular-design strategies that pave the way to new classes of TADF materials.
RESUSCITATION WITH HYPERTONIC SALINE DEXTRAN IMPROVES CARDIAC FUNCTION IN VIVO AND EX VIVO AFTER BURN INJURY IN SHEEP (1998)

In a 24 h, double-blind, prospective trial, we tested the hypothesis that two 4 mL/kg doses of hypertonic saline dextran (HSD; 7.5% NaCl/6% dextran 70) given in addition to isotonic fluid treatment would produce both immediate and sustained benefit for the heart after large burn injury. 12 instrumented sheep were subjected to a 40% total body surface area full-thickness flame burn under halothane anesthesia. 1 h after burn, when the animals had recovered from anesthesia, the first dose of either HSD (n=6) or normal saline (NaCl .9%; n=6) was infused over 30 min. The test solution was immediately followed by lactated Ringer's solution infused to maintain a urine output of 1-2 mL/kg x h throughout the study. The second dose of test solution was started at 12 h and was infused over 5 h. The initial dose of HSD corrected the burn-induced reduction in cardiac output, cardiac work, an index of myocardial contractility, and restored myocardial blood flow, as measured by the colored microsphere technique, to preburn values. Plasma concentrations of troponin I, creatine kinase (CK), and CK isoenzyme CKMB were increased 1 h after burn, but were not altered after HSD treatment. After euthanasia at 24 h, myocardial glutathione concentrations were higher in HSD-treated animals, whereas other markers of oxidative injury in heart or in plasma did not show systematic differences. The maximum contraction force measured in isolated right papillary muscles ex vivo was significantly greater in HSD-treated than normal saline-treated animals. In conclusion, the first dose of 4 mL/kg HSD infused 1 h after burn improved cardiac function, whereas the second dose of HSD infused at 12 h was without apparent effect on dynamic variables. An overall effect of the HSD treatments was a lasting increase in papillary muscle contraction force.
Field-Based Validation of a Tactile Navigation Device (2010)

In this paper, we present three field-based evaluations of a tactile land navigation system. In Experiment 1, we transition from a laboratory setting to rugged terrain used to train US Army soldier land navigation. Navigation in this challenging terrain requires careful attention to one's surroundings. Participants navigated 3 waypoints along 600 meters through heavily wooded terrain, using 1) map and compass, 2) standard alpha-numeric handheld GPS device, and 3) the tactile GPS system, while also responding to radio requests for information. Experiment 2 used the same challenging terrain during night operations, where participants must also search for live and silhouette targets, using 1) handheld GPS device, 2) head-mounted map-based GPS, and 3) the tactile GPS system. In addition to navigating, participants searched for silhouette and live (human) targets. Experiment 3 had participants navigate with 1) a commercial GPS arrow display, 2) the tactile GPS system, and 3) both together. We conclude that tactile navigation displays can be used in strenuous outdoor environments and can outperform visual displays under conditions of high cognitive and visual workload.
IL-10 stimulates production of platelet-activating factor by monocytes of patients with active systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) (2000)

SUMMARY IL-10 displays modulatory properties on the synthesis of platelet-activating factor (PAF), a potent inflammatory mediator of vascular injury. Despite the fact that IL-10 is considered to be an anti-inflammatory cytokine, IL-10 levels correlate with disease activity in SLE. Moreover, in SLE IL-10 is unable to exert its immunosuppressive and anti-inflammatory effects. We have investigated the ability of IL-10 to stimulate PAF production from monocytes of SLE patients. Spontaneous and IL-10-stimulated PAF production by peripheral blood monocytes was measured in active (n = 13) and inactive (n = 14) SLE patients and in 15 normal control subjects. We observed that monocytes derived from patients with active SLE, but not from controls or inactive SLE, spontaneously produced significant amounts of PAF. Moreover, IL-10 enhanced the synthesis of PAF from monocytes of active SLE patients only. IL-10-induced PAF production correlated with the severity of the disease and with the extent of proteinuria. These results indicate that IL-10 only stimulates the synthesis of PAF from monocytes of SLE patients when immunologically active, suggesting that IL-10 may possess a paradoxical proinflammatory effect in SLE by promoting the production of PAF, a secondary mediator of inflammation.
Deep Human Parsing with Active Template Regression (2015)

In this work, the human parsing task, namely decomposing a human image into semantic fashion/body regions, is formulated as an active template regression (ATR) problem, where the normalized mask of each fashion/body item is expressed as the linear combination of the learned mask templates, and then morphed to a more precise mask with the active shape parameters, including position, scale and visibility of each semantic region. The mask template coefficients and the active shape parameters together can generate the human parsing results, and are thus called the structure outputs for human parsing. The deep Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) is utilized to build the end-to-end relation between the input human image and the structure outputs for human parsing. More specifically, the structure outputs are predicted by two separate networks. The first CNN network is with max-pooling, and designed to predict the template coefficients for each label mask, while the second CNN network is without max-pooling to preserve sensitivity to label mask position and accurately predict the active shape parameters. For a new image, the structure outputs of the two networks are fused to generate the probability of each label for each pixel, and super-pixel smoothing is finally used to refine the human parsing result. Comprehensive evaluations on a large dataset well demonstrate the significant superiority of the ATR framework over other state-of-the-arts for human parsing. In particular, the F1-score reaches 64.38 percent by our ATR framework, significantly higher than 44.76 percent based on the state-of-the-art algorithm [28].
Cell adhesion and invasion mechanisms in cancer metastasis (1996)

A critical review of the latest research on the specific cell adhesion molecules involved in the metastatic process. After a summary of concepts in the field, chapters detail findings on the molecular biology and biochemistry of adherins, integrins, selectins and their ligands, and the Ig-like adhe
Development of III-V multi-junction solar cells on Ge substrates (2009)

Recently a solar cell, one of the oldest photonic devices, draws lots of attention as an alternative method to generate clean electricity. This is mainly due to the concern about global warming, not to its economic availability. In fact the electricity cost generated by Si solar cell, typically ranged from 25 to 35 cents/kWh, is still far expensive compared to the that produce by fossil fuel. One of the reasons is the Si law material is still expensive and the efficiency of the cell is limited to 23 %, in the case of single crystal solar cell. Efforts reducing the electricity cost and achieving the grid parity have been making by increasing the efficiency using back side contact structure or developing of low material consumption structure, says thin film solar cell.
Methyl Isobutyl Ketone (2001)

Abstract Methyl isobutyl ketone (MIBK) (4‐methyl‐2‐pentanone) is an industrially important solvent and chemical intermediate. The properties, manufacturing technologies, uses, and health, safety, and environmental aspects of MIBK are discussed in this article.
Dry Eye Diagnosis (2008)

Tear osmolarity is the best single test for the diagnosis of dry eye, whereas a battery of tests employing a weighted comparison of TTR, evaporation, and osmolarity measurements derived from discriminant function analysis is the most effective.
Global Grids and Software Toolkits: A Study of Four Grid Middleware Technologies (2005)

This chapter contains sections titled: Introduction Overview of Grid Middleware Systems Unicore Globus Legion Gridbus Implementation of UNICORE Adaptor for Gridbus Broker Comparison of Middleware Systems Summary Reference Grid is an infrastructure that involves the integrated and collaborative use of computers, networks, databases and scientific instruments owned and managed by multiple organizations. Grid applications often involve large amounts of data and/or computing resources that require secure resource sharing across organizational boundaries. This makes Grid application management and deployment a complex undertaking. Grid middleware provide users with seamless computing ability and uniform access to resources in the heterogeneous Grid environment. Several software toolkits and systems have been developed, most of which are results of academic research projects, all over the world. This chapter will focus on four of these middleware: UNICORE, Globus, Legion and Gridbus. It also presents our implementation of a resource broker for UNICORE as this functionality was not supported in it. A comparison of these systems on the basis of the architecture, implementation model and several other features is included.
Arresting rampant dental caries with silver diamine fluoride in a young teenager suffering from chronic oral graft versus host disease post-bone marrow transplantation: a case report (2014)

This case report demonstrates success in treating a young teenager with severe rampant dental decay by contemporary caries control and preventive strategy.
Leptin Potentiates BMP9-Induced Osteogenic Differentiation of Mesenchymal Stem Cells Through the Activation of JAK/STAT Signaling (2020)

Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are multipotent progenitors that have the ability to differentiate into multiple lineages, including bone, cartilage, and fat. We previously demonstrated that the least known bone morphogenetic protein (BMP)9 (also known as growth differentiation factor 2) is one of the potent osteogenic factors that can induce both osteogenic and adipogenic differentiation of MSCs. Nonetheless, the molecular mechanism underlying BMP9 action remains to be fully understood. Leptin is an adipocyte-derived hormone in direct proportion to the amount of body fat, and exerts pleiotropic functions, such as regulating energy metabolism, bone mass, and mineral density. In this study, we investigate the potential effect of leptin signaling on BMP9-induced osteogenic differentiation of MSCs. We found that exogenous leptin potentiated BMP9-induced osteogenic differentiation of MSCs both in vitro and in vivo, while inhibiting BMP9-induced adipogenic differentiation. BMP9 was shown to induce the expression of leptin and leptin receptor in MSCs, while exogenous leptin upregulated BMP9 expression in less differentiated MSCs. Mechanistically, we demonstrated that a blockade of JAK signaling effectively blunted leptin-potentiated osteogenic differentiation induced by BMP9. Taken together, our results strongly suggest that leptin may potentiate BMP9-induced osteogenesis by cross-regulating BMP9 signaling through the JAK/STAT signaling pathway in MSCs. Thus, it is conceivable that a combined use of BMP9 and leptin may be explored as a novel approach to enhancing efficacious bone regeneration and fracture healing.
Project JXTA 2.0 Super-Peer Virtual Network (2003)

The Project JXTA protocols establish a virtual network overlay on top of the Internet, allowing peers to directly interact and self-organize independently of their network connectivity and domain topology (firewalls or NATs). Project JXTA enables application developers, not just network administrators to design network topology that best match their application requirements. Multiple ad hoc virtual networks can be created and dynamically mapped into one physical network unleashing a richer multi-dimensional virtual network world. Project JXTA is looking ahead where billion of network services, all addressable on the network will be able to discover and interact with each other in an ad doc and decentralized manner through the formation of a multitude of virtual networks. The following paper describes the Project JXTA 2.0 implementation that was recently released by the JXTA community. The JXTA 2.0 implementation introduces a number of new features for improving overall functionality, performance, and scalability of the JXTA network. The JXTA 2.0 release is making a stronger differentiation in the way JXTA super-peers (relay and rendezvous) behave and interact with edge peers. The JXTA 2.0 implementation introduces the concept of a rendezvous peer view to connect rendezvous within a peergroup. Resolver queries are no more propagated to edge peers as in JXTA 1.0 reducing overall network traffic. Edge peers use a loosely-coupled distributed hash index to locate advertisements on the rendezvous peer view for efficient query lookups. The JXTA 2.0 implementation provides better resource management (threads and queues), and implements resource usage limits to fairly allocate resource between platform services. The JXTA 2.0 release also introduces new implementations of the TCP/IP and HTTP transports. The TCP/IP transport now takes advantage of bi-directional physical connections to limit the number of connections. Finally, the JXTA 2.0 implementation supports TCP/IP relay for efficient traversal of NATs.
Extraction Processes for Bioproduct Separation (1993)

Abstract The three-phase extraction process, a modification of reactive extraction, has been investigated for its applicability in the separation of organic acids from fermentation broth. It has been compared with reactive extraction, liquid membrane permeation, and supercritical fluid extraction. These processes are based on the use of amine extractants, which have to be dissolved in nonpolar solvents, for the extraction of carboxylic acids, hydroxycarboxylic acids, and aminocarboxylic acids. This paper considers the comparison of the above-mentioned processes. Furthermore, the extractability of acids from synthetic aqueous solutions and fermented broths has been compared. Principal consideration has been paid to the extraction of lactic acid, gluconic acid, citric acid, and L-leucine.
Unscented Kalman Filters for Polarization State Tracking and Phase Noise Mitigation (2016)

Joint polarization-state and phase noise tracking is demonstrated using an unscented Kalman filter. Experimentally this outperforms CMA and extended Kalman filters (EKF) and a less complex modified version outperforms CMA and EKF at higher OSNRs.
Intersection Support System for Powered Two-Wheeled Vehicles: Threat Assessment Based on a Receding Horizon Approach (2012)

This paper reports a novel intersection support (IS) system for motorcycles developed through the SAFERIDER project (IS). The IS function described is built on a receding horizon approach that is designed for a set of predefined intersection scenarios. In the receding horizon scheme, a nonlinear optimal control problem is repetitively solved in real time, yielding a reference motion plan. The initial value of the longitudinal jerk (control input) of each plan is used as a measure of the correction that the rider has to apply to conform to an optimal-safe maneuver. This technique has the advantage of yielding a homogenous measure of the threat independent of the scenario, and it is directly linked with the control variable that the rider should use to accordingly change the vehicle's longitudinal dynamics. Additionally, the receding horizon approach naturally accommodates road geometry and constraint attributes, motorcycle dynamics, rider input, and riding styles. Warning feedback is given to the rider by an appropriate combination of human-machine interface elements, such as the haptic throttle, the vibrating glove, and the visual display. This paper explains the IS concept, discusses the implementation aspects of the proposed receding horizon approach, and presents the results of pilot tests conducted on a top-of-the-range riding simulator.
Design and implementation of intelligent mesh nodes for wireless video stream sharing (2011)

The gateways are the performance bottleneck of wireless mesh access networks. Using proxy servers or wireless peer-to-peer streaming techniques can help reduce the gateway load. However, these techniques, as a data caching method, do not save wireless resources. We consider a communication sharing approach in this paper. More specifically, we introduce a robust and scalable wireless mesh access network prototype that can reduce both the gateway load and wireless traffic for video applications. It has the intelligence to handle sudden spike in demand for certain videos due to specific events preventing it from adversely effecting other daily wireless traffic. It can also leverage the 80:20 data access pattern, common for many video applications, to substantially increase the service throughput. We explain the Dynamic Stream Merging technique, present the system prototype, and discuss the experimental results.
Civil Avionics Systems (2002)

Introduction Avionics Technology Data Bus Networks System Safety Avionics Architectures Systems Development Electrical Systems Sensors Communications and Navigation Aids Flight Control Systems Navigation Systems Flight Deck Displays Military Aircraft Adaptations References Further Reading Introduction to Appendices Appendix A: Safety Analysis - Flight Control System Appendix B: Safety Analysis - Electronic Flight Instrument System Appendix C: Safety Analysis - Electrical System Appendix D: Safety Analysis - Engine Control System Simplified Example (all failure rates per flight hour) Index.
Skewing of the NK Cell Repertoire by MHC Class I via Quantitatively Controlled Enrichment and Contraction of Specific Ly49 Subsets (2012)

A major task for the immune system is to secure powerful immune reactions while preserving self-tolerance. This process is particularly challenging for NK cells, for which tolerizing inhibitory receptors for self-MHC class I is both cross-reactive and expressed in an overlapping fashion between NK cells. We show in this study that during an education process, self-MHC class I molecules enrich for potentially useful and contract potentially dangerous NK cell subsets. These processes were quantitatively controlled by the expression level of the educating MHC class I allele, correlated with susceptibility to IL-15 and sensitivity to apoptosis in relevant NK cell subsets, and were linked to their functional education. Controlling the size of NK cell subsets with unique compositions of inhibitory receptors may represent one mechanism by which self-MHC class I molecules generate a population of tolerant NK cells optimally suited for efficient missing self-recognition.
Sensory impairment and driving: the Blue Mountains Eye Study. (1999)

Sensory loss in drivers may be an important risk factor for car accidents.