gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Aggregated path authentication for efficient BGP security (2005)

The Border Gateway Protocol (BGP) controls inter-domain routing in the Internet. BGP is vulnerable to many attacks, since routers rely on hearsay information from neighbors. Secure BGP (S-BGP) uses DSA to provide route authentication and mitigate many of these risks. However, many performance and deployment issues prevent S-BGP's real-world deployment. Previous work has explored improving S-BGP processing latencies, but space problems, such as increased message size and memory cost, remain the major obstacles. In this paper, we design aggregated path authentication schemes by combining two efficient cryptographic techniques---signature amortization and aggregate signatures. We propose six constructions for aggregated path authentication that substantially improve efficiency of S-BGP's path authentication on both speed and space criteria. Our performance evaluation shows that the new schemes achieve such an efficiency that they may overcome the space obstacles and provide a real-world practical solution for BGP security.
Differentiating structural isomers of sialylated glycans by matrix‐assisted laser desorption/ionization time‐of‐flight/time‐of‐flight tandem mass spectrometry (2006)

Using model acidic glycans, we demonstrate the benefits of permethylation for matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight/time-of-flight (MALDI/TOF-TOF) tandem mass spectrometry. With both the linear and branched structures, extensive cross-ring fragmentation product ions were generated, yielding valuable information on sugar linkages. Elimination of the negative charges commonly associated with sialylated structures through permethylation allowed their structural analysis in the positive ion mode. Extensive A- and X-type ions were observed for the linear structures, and slightly weaker signals for the branched sialylated structures. The diagnostic cross-ring fragments, permitting a distinction between alpha2-3 and alpha2-6 linkages of the sialic acid residues, were seen in abundance. Importantly, the cross-ring fragmentation with the branched structures provides adequate information to assign sialic acid residues, with a specific linkage, to a particular antenna.
A Game Theoretical Analysis of Competition in Deregulated Bus Markets (2003)

The competition between buses in a deregulated market is investigated. A game theoretical approach is applied to model the strategic interactions between the operators in the bus market. The conditions for market entry and predatory behaviour are determined. The impact of deregulation of the bus market is then assessed in terms of profits and social cost to the society. A hypothetical case is constructed to test the model. Numerical results indicate that deterrence behaviour of the incumbent is generally the dominant strategy. Accommodation occurs when sunk cost is low and demand relatively high. On the contrary, blockaded entry occurs when sunk cost is high and route density is low. As deterrence behaviour leads to a lower fare and a higher service frequency, the modal share of public transport increases which consequently brings benefits to the society.
Isolation and characterization of a new bacteriocin from Lactobacillus gasseri KT7 (2000)

A bacteriocin-producing Lactobacillus gasseri strain, KT7, was isolated from infant faeces. The supernatant fluid showed inhibitory activity not only against some lactic acid bacteria but also, against some pathogenic and food-spoilage species, including Clostridium, Listeria and Enterococcus. An antimicrobial peptide designated gassericin KT7 was isolated from Lactobacillus gasseri KT7. It was purified to homogeneity by a single four-step procedure: a crude supernatant fluid obtained from early stationary-phase culture in MRS medium was subjected to ammonium sulphate fractionation, CM-Sephadex cation-exchange chromatography, Phenyl-Sepharose hydrophobic chromatography and reverse-phase HPLC chromatography. Gassericin KT7 was sensitive to proteolytic enzymes, resistant to heat, active over a wide range of pH, and migrated as a 4.5-5.0 kDa peptide on SDS-PAGE. The bacteriocin was produced constitutively during exponential growth. It was bactericidal to sensitive cells and the bactericidal effect was not produced by cell lysis. The amino acid composition of the bacteriocin was determined and no modified amino acid was found among the residues identified.
Ethane and ethylene aromatization on zinc-containing zeolites (2017)

The importance of balance between the number of Zn and Brønsted acid sites for aromatization of ethane and ethylene on Zn-ZSM-5 is discussed.
Sequential measurement-dependent noisy search (2016)

Consider a target search problem on a unit interval where at any given time an agent can choose a region to probe into for the presence of the target in that region. The measurement noise is assumed to be increasing with the size of the search region the agent chooses. In this paper, a single-phase sequential and adaptive search algorithm is proposed and shown to achieve the best possible targeting rate and error exponent among all adaptive search algorithms. The proposed algorithm simply adopts a low complexity sorting operation on the posterior of the target and then pick up locations with larger posterior until the probability that the search region contains the target is closest to half.
Nonreciprocal circuit for laser-diode-to-single-mode-fibre coupling employing a YIG sphere (1982)

A compact nonreciprocal optical circuit for laser-diode-to single-mode-fibre coupling using a YIG sphere is proposed in the 1.3 μm wavelength region. It is clarified that the YIG sphere can function as an effective Faraday rotator as well as a coupling lens. A high isolation value of more than 30 dB has been realised with coupling efficiency of −5.2 dB for a single-mode fibre.
Biological substrates of addiction (2014)

This review is an introduction to addiction, the reward circuitry, and laboratory addiction models. Addiction is a chronic disease hallmarked by a state of compulsive drug seeking that persists despite negative consequences. Most of the advances in addiction research have centered on the canonical and contemporary drugs of abuse; however, addictions to other activities and stimuli also exist. Substances of abuse have the potential to induce long-lasting changes in the brain at the behavioral, circuit, and synaptic levels. Addiction-related behavioral changes involve initiation, escalation, and obsession to drug seeking and much of the current research is focused on mapping these manifestations to specific neural pathways. Drug abuse is well known to recruit components of the mesolimbic dopamine system, including the nucleus accumbens and ventral tegmental area. In addition, altered function of a wide variety of brain regions is tightly associated with specific manifestations of drug abuse. These regions peripheral to the mesolimbic pathway likely play a role in specific observed comorbidities and endophenotypes that can facilitate, or be caused by, substance abuse. Alterations in synaptic structure, function, and connectivity, as well as epigenetic and genetic mechanisms are thought to underlie the pathologies of addiction. In preclinical models, these persistent changes are studied at the levels of molecular pharmacology and biochemistry, ex vivo and in vivo electrophysiology, radiography, and behavior. Coordinating research efforts across these disciplines and examining cell type- and circuit-specific phenomena are crucial components for translating preclinical findings to viable medical interventions that effectively treat addiction and related disorders. WIREs Cogn Sci 2014, 5:151-171. doi: 10.1002/wcs.1273 Conflict of interest: The authors have declared no conflicts of interest for this article. For further resources related to this article, please visit the WIREs website.
Evaluating the efficiency of a night-time, middle-range infrared sensor for applications in human detection and recognition (2012)

In law enforcement and security applications, the acquisition of face images is critical in producing key trace evidence for the successful identication of potential threats. In this work we, first, use a near infrared (NIR) sensor designed with the capability to acquire images at middle-range stand-off distances at night. Then, we determine the maximum stand-off distance where face recognition techniques can be utilized to efficiently recognize individuals at night at ranges from 30 to approximately 300 ft. The focus of the study is on establishing the maximum capabilities of the mid-range sensor to acquire good quality face images necessary for recognition. For the purpose of this study, a database in the visible (baseline) and NIR spectrum of 103 subjects is assembled and used to illustrate the challenges associated with the problem. In order to perform matching studies, we use multiple face recognition techniques and demonstrate that certain techniques are more robust in terms of recognition performance when using face images acquired at different distances. Experiments show that matching NIR face images at longer ranges (i.e. greater than about 300 feet or 90 meters using our camera system) is a very challenging problem and it requires further investigation.
Non‐stick Polymer Coatings for Energy‐based Surgical Devices Employed in Vessel Sealing (2012)

Abstract Energy‐based surgical devices are widely used to fuse tissues and seal vessels, but tissue adhesion to the instrument complicates the procedure. We deposit a robust non‐stick coating on the jaws of LigaSure TM tissue fusion devices by employing an atmospheric pressure RF‐driven plasma with hexamethyldisiloxane (HMDSO) entrained in argon carrier gas. The hydrophobicity, surface energy, surface topography, and chemical characteristics of deposited films are characterized by water contact angle measurements, surface energy test pens, atomic force microscopy, and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, respectively. We demonstrate significantly reduced tissue adhesion to HMDSO polymer film‐coated instruments during the tissue fusion procedure in comparison with uncoated and chromium nitride‐coated instruments. magnified image
Fluid flow in T-junction of pipes (2007)

The aim of this work is to study flow properties at T-junction of pipe, pressure loss suffered by the flow after passing through T-junction and to study reliability of the classical engineering formulas used to find head loss for T-junction of pipes. In this we have compared our results with CFD software packages with classical formula and made an attempt to determine accuracy of the classical formulas. In this work we have studies head loss in T-junction of pipes with various inlet velocities, head loss in T-junction of pipes when the angle of the junction is slightly different from 90 degrees and T-junction with different area of cross-section of the main pipe and branch pipe. \n\nIn this work we have simulated the flow at T-junction of pipe with FLUENT and Comsol Multiphysics and observed flow properties inside the T-junction and studied the head loss suffered by fluid flow after passing through the junction. We have also compared pressure (head) losses obtained by classical formulas by A. Vazsonyi and Andrew Gardel and formulas obtained by assuming T-junction as combination of other pipe components and observations obtained from software experiments. One of the purposes of this study is also to study change in pressure loss with change in angle of T-junction.\n\nUsing software we can have better view of flow inside the junction and study turbulence, kinetic energy, pressure loss etc. Such simulations save a lot of time and can be performed without actually doing the experiment. There were no real life experiments made, the results obtained completely rely on accuracy of software and numerical methods used.
An Ultrasensitive Method for the Measurement of Haloperidol and Reduced Haloperidol in Plasma by High-Performance Liquid Chromatography with Coulometric Detection (1988)

A new analytical method has been developed for the simultaneous quantitation of haloperidol and reduced haloperidol in plasma. The method is based on high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) with coulometric detection. The extraction and sample clean up procedures are simple and rapid to execute, yet yield chromatograms virtually free of interference from endogenous plasma constituents, such that the extraordinary sensitivity of the coulometric detector can be exploited fully. The detection limits for haloperidol and reduced haloperidol are 20 pg/ml plasma, and the limits of quantitation are 50 pg/ml for both drug and metabolite. Standard curves were linear down to 50 pg/ml with coefficients of variation of less than 7.0% at the limits of quantitation. The method was applied to the study of the plasma levels of haloperidol and reduced haloperidol in two healthy subjects. It was possible to monitor the plasma levels of haloperidol for at least 96 h (4 days) after the administration of a 5-mg oral dose of haloperidol. It was also possible to monitor reduced haloperidol levels over 96 h in one subject, although the metabolite was not detectable in the plasma of the other at any stage.
Performance Modeling of Multi-core Systems : Caches and Locks (2016)

Performance is an important aspect of computer systems since it directly affects user experience. One way to analyze and predict performance is via performance modeling. In recent years, multi-core systems have made processors more powerful while keeping power consumption relatively low. However the complicated design of these systems makes it difficult to analyze performance. This thesis presents performance modeling techniques for cache performance and synchronization cost on multi-core systems. A cache can be designed in many ways with different configuration parameters including cache size, associativity and replacement policy. Understanding cache performance under different configurations is useful to explore the design choices. We propose a general modeling framework for estimating the cache miss ratio under different cache configurations, based on the reuse distance distribution. On multi-core systems, each core usually has a private cache. Keeping shared data in private caches coherent has an extra cost. We propose three models to estimate this cost, based on information that can be gathered when running the program on a single core. Locks are widely used as a synchronization primitive in multi-threaded programs on multi-core systems. While they are often necessary for protecting shared data, they also introduce lock contention, which causes performance issues. We present a model to predict how much contention a lock has on multi-core systems, based on information obtainable from profiling a run on a single core. If lock contention is shown to be a performance bottleneck, one of the ways to mitigate it is to use another lock implementation. However, it is costly to investigate if adopting another lock implementation would reduce lock contention since it requires reimplementation and measurement. We present a model for forecasting lock contention with another lock implementation without replacing the current lock implementation.
Inflammatory conditions affect gene expression and function of human adipose tissue-derived mesenchymal stem cells (2010)

There is emerging interest in the application of mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) for the prevention and treatment of autoimmune diseases, graft-versus-host disease and allograft rejection. It is, however, unknown how inflammatory conditions affect phenotype and function of MSC. Adipose tissue-derived mesenchymal stem cells (ASC) were cultured with alloactivated peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) (mixed lymphocyte reaction: MLR), with proinflammatory cytokines [interferon (IFN)-γ, tumour necrosis factor (TNF)-α and interleukin (IL)-6] or under control conditions, and their full genome expression and function examined. Proinflammatory cytokines mainly increased indoleamine-2,3-dioxygenase expression, whereas ASC cultured with MLR showed increased expression of COX-2, involved in prostaglandin E(2) production. Both conditions had a stimulatory, but differential, effect on the expression of proinflammatory cytokines and chemokines, while the expression of fibrotic factors was decreased only in response to proinflammatory cytokines. Functional analysis demonstrated that inflammatory conditions affected morphology and proliferation of ASC, while their differentiation capacity and production of trophic factors was unaffected. The immunosuppressive capacity of ASC was enhanced strongly under inflammatory conditions. In conclusion, ASC showed enhanced immunosuppressive capacity under inflammatory conditions, while their differentiation capacity was preserved. Therefore, in vitro preconditioning provides ASC with improved properties for immediate clinical immune therapy.
Parametric model for image blur kernel estimation (2018)

This paper we propose an novel parametric approach for single image kernel estimation with both motion blur and Gaussian blur coupled. In the view of that daily pictures captured by handheld device usually contain motion blur and defocus simultaneously. During one shot, the moving trail of the object can be always regarded as straight and consecutive, and the defocus phenomenon is related to Gaussian blur. Therefore, a parameter model containing three parameters can describe the blur. First, we estimate a rough blur kernel using L <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">1</sub> prior method, then we fit the kernel by computing the three parameters. Finally, the sharp image with clear details is restored by the kernel estimated. Experimental results show that the proposed method outperforms others when the blur kernel is fairly parameterized, which helps the current blind deconvolution methods achieve better results.
Modélisation spatio-temporelle d'édifices patrimoniaux (2006)

Dans le domaine de l'architecture et de la conservation des bâtiments historiques, l'exigence d'exploiter des maquettes numeriques comme outil de description et de raisonnement semble emerger de plus en plus (cf. [1]). Les techniques recentes de modelisation geometrique et de visualisation 3D deviennent, en effet, de plus en plus capables de representer les edifices patrimoniaux a differentes echelles et donc de faciliter leur comprehension.
ELISA for the serology of FIP virus (1979)

An enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for feline infectious peritonitis (FIP) virus serology is described. The assay is analogous to a previously developed indirect heterologous immunofluorescence test (IFT) in which transmissible gastroenteritis (TGE) viral antigen was used. Comparative testing of selected feline sera in both assays resulted in corresponding titers, which justifies the conclusion that the ELISA is a reliable test for the serology of FIP virus.
Aqueous polymerization of acrylamide (1979)

Abstract The polymerization of acrylamide (I) initiated by a potassium bromate—thioglycollic acid (TGA) redox pair has been studied in aqueous media at 30°C in a nitrogen atmosphere. The reaction order related to the catalyst concentration (KBrO 3 ) was 0.501, which indicated a bimolecular mechanism for the termination reaction in the range of 1.0−3.0 × 10 −3 mole/liter. The polymerization rate varied linearly with monomer (I) concentration over the range of 1.0−5.0 × 10 −2 mole/liter. A typical behavior is observed, however, by changing the thioglycollic acid concentration. The initial rate of polymerization (Ri), as well as the maximum conversion, increases by increasing the temperature to 30°C, but the initial rate and the maximum conversion falls as the temperature rises above 30°C. The overall energy of activation is 6.218 kcal in the temperature range of 20–40°C. Water‐miscible organic solvents, namely, CH 3 OH and C 2 H 5 OH, depress the rate of polymerization.
Influence of reaction parameters on thermal liquefaction of plastic wastes into oil: A review (2022)

The use-and-throw culture of plastic products has generated a massive amount of plastic wastes each year, posing a threat to the environment with the absence of proper disposal methods of the wastes. Conventional disposal methods including landfill and incineration cease to be the ultimate solution to the problem, in addition to further causing soil and air pollution. Liquefaction technology has emerged to become one of the alternatives in reducing the amount of accumulated wastes simultaneously generating valuable liquid products for applications such as transportation fuel and chemical feedstock in industries. Additionally, the recovery of plastics through this method poses great potential in reducing the dependency on non-renewable fossil fuels, creating an alternative energy source. This review exploits the liquefaction of common types of plastics found in the wastes and some key parameters affecting the yield and properties of end products including the type of reactor, temperature, pressure, reaction time, types of solvent, solvent to plastic ratio and the initial size of plastic used.
Tuning a dual-band bowtie slot antenna with parabolic radiating slots for the 900 MHz and 2400 MHz bands (2012)

A dual-band bow-tie slot antenna is proposed and designed for the 900 and 2400 MHz ISM bands. Using Rogers 4003C substrate (ϵ <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">r</sub> = 3.55) with a thickness of 1.6 mm, the antenna is produced and tested. A comparison is made between measured and simulated data from both a Method of Moments and Finite-Element method software packages. By using a parabolic curve to form the sides of the bow-tie slot, the new antenna integrates features from a Vivaldi antenna into its design. Using these features, the antenna achieves dual-band operation while maintaining an omni-directional pattern similar to a normal bow-tie slot. The parabolic sides of this bow-tie slot antenna offers an additional design element for other CPW fed slot antenna designs.