gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Adenosine A <sub>1</sub> receptors (A <sub>1</sub> Rs) play a critical role in osteoclast formation and function (2010)

Adenosine regulates a wide variety of physiological processes via interaction with one or more G-protein-coupled receptors (A(1)R, A(2A)R, A(2B)R, and A(3)R). Because A(1)R occupancy promotes fusion of human monocytes to form giant cells in vitro, we determined whether A(1)R occupancy similarly promotes osteoclast function and formation. Bone marrow cells (BMCs) were harvested from C57Bl/6 female mice or A(1)R-knockout mice and their wild-type (WT) littermates and differentiated into osteoclasts in the presence of colony stimulating factor-1 and receptor activator of NF-kappaB ligand in the presence or absence of the A(1)R antagonist 1,3-dipropyl-8-cyclopentyl xanthine (DPCPX). Osteoclast morphology was analyzed in tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase or F-actin-stained samples, and bone resorption was evaluated by toluidine blue staining of dentin. BMCs from A(1)R-knockout mice form fewer osteoclasts than BMCs from WT mice, and the A(1)R antagonist DPCPX inhibits osteoclast formation (IC(50)=1 nM), with altered morphology and reduced ability to resorb bone. A(1)R blockade increased ubiquitination and degradation of TRAF6 in RAW264.7 cells induced to differentiate into osteoclasts. These studies suggest a critical role for adenosine in bone homeostasis via interaction with adenosine A(1)R and further suggest that A(1)R may be a novel pharmacologic target to prevent the bone loss associated with inflammatory diseases and menopause.
An optical pulse-shaping system based on aperture-coupled striplines for OMEGA pulse-shaping applications (2003)

Summary form only given. Pulsed-laser systems emit optical pulses having a temporal pulse shape characteristic of the particular type of laser design. Advances in technology have produced laser pulse-shaping systems where the laser temporal profile can be specified in advance and controlled to a high degree of accuracy. Recently an electrical waveform generator based on aperture-coupled striplines (ACSL) has been developed. This electrical waveform generator can produce shaped electrical waveforms with 100-ps structure over a 5-ns window. The output of this ACSL waveform generator is capable of driving optical modulators that produce shaped optical pulses suitable for OMEGA applications.
Laser-enhanced jet plating: A method of high-speed maskless patterning (1983)

We describe a metal deposition technique that combines free-standing jet plating with an intense laser beam, directed collinearly along the jet. Experiments were made to deposit gold areas on nick-plated beryllium-copper substrates. The deposits are found to be crack-free and dense, possessing excellent adhesion to the substrate. Deposition rates for 0.05-cm-diam gold spots are on the order of 10 μm/s, faster than any previously reported rate for gold plating.
High speed bubble garnets based on large gyromagnetic ratios (high g). [Eu/sub 1/. /sub 45/Y/sub 0/. /sub 45/Ca/sub 1/. /sub 1/Fe/sub 3/. /sub 9/Si/sub 0/. /sub 6/Ge/sub 0/. /sub 5/O/sub 12/ films] (1976)

An approach to overcoming the problem of dynamic conversion in high-mobility bubble garnets is described based on large gyromagnetic ratios (high-g factors). In a film of Eu/sub 1/./sub 45/Y/sub 0/./sub 45/Ca/sub 1/./sub 1/Fe/sub 3/./sub 9/Si/sub 0/./sub 6/Ge/sub 0/./sub 5/O/sub 12/, a g factor greater than 30 has been obtained, which increases the usable domain wall velocity before onset of dynamic conversion by more than an order of magnitude over comparable bubble garnet films with g approximately 2. The temperature dependence of the important bubble parameters has been measured and a simple bias magnet constructed which matches the steeper than usual variation of the bubble collapse field with temperature. Two different methods of hard bubble suppression are described, one involving short oxygen anneals at approximately 1050/sup 0/C, and the other ion implantation.
A class of compression systems with model-free encoding (2014)

Practical compression systems are constrained by their bit-stream standards, which define the source model together with the coding method used. We introduce a model-free coding architecture that separates the two aspects of compression and allows the design of potentially more powerful source models, as well as more flexible use of the compressed information stream. We show that this architecture is capable of producing competitive performance while supporting new use cases.
Design, construction, and validation of a rotary multifunctional intravascular diagnostic catheter combining multispectral fluorescence lifetime imaging and intravascular ultrasound (2012)

We report the development and validation of an intravascular rotary catheter for bimodal interrogation of arterial pathologies. This is based on a point-spectroscopy scanning time-resolved fluorescence spectroscopy technique enabling reconstruction of fluorescence lifetime images (FLIm) and providing information on arterial intima composition and intravascular ultrasound (IVUS) providing information on arterial wall morphology. The catheter design allows for independent rotation of the ultrasonic and optical channels within an 8 Fr outer diameter catheter sheath and integrates a low volume flushing channel for blood removal in the optical pathways. In the current configuration, the two channels consist of (a) a standard 3 Fr IVUS catheter with single element transducer (40 MHz) and (b) a side-viewing fiber optic (400 μm core). Experiments conducted in tissue phantoms showed the ability of the catheter to operate in an intraluminal setting and to generate coregistered FLIm and IVUS in one pull-back scan. Current results demonstrate the feasibility of the catheter for simultaneous bimodal interrogation of arterial lumen and for generation of robust fluorescence lifetime data under IVUS guidance. These results facilitate further development of a FLIm-IVUS technique for intravascular diagnosis of atherosclerotic cardiovascular diseases including vulnerable plaques.
3D Vibration Estimation from Ground-Based Radar (2018)

The paper proposes a method to estimate 2D/3D vibrations and displacements of mostly linear structures, like pipes, chimneys, towers, bridges from afar, based on synchronized Radars. The method takes advantage of Radar sensitivity to displacements to sense tiny deformations (up to tens of micron) with a time scale from milliseconds to hours. The key elements are: (a) The use of calibrators to remove at once both the tropospheric turbulence and the effect of radial motion, and (b) the compensation of interferences from fixed targets. The latter is performed by estimating and removing the contribution of interfering targets, based either on a proper data processing or by exploiting an ad-hoc motorized calibrator. Performance in terms of accuracy of the deformation field is evaluated theoretically and checked by tests carried out in laboratories and by full-scale acquisition campaigns.
Innovative digital engineering platform development for supporting future space systems acquisition (2020)

This paper provides an overview of Aerospace R&D work on digital engineering consistent with the U.S. Department of Defense (DOD) Digital Engineering Strategy encouraging innovation in rapid development of space systems. An objective of this investigation was to identify challenges associated with DE and to formulate an approach to mitigate the challenges. One key challenge within a larger enterprise is the fact that models will be developed by different developers/modelers, using different ontologies, different tools, and different levels of detail. Our approach introduced innovative techniques for connecting disparate DE models, defining/controlling system interfaces and defining/managing interface baseline specifications within a DE construct. The approach includes a proposed flexible, robust, and agile platform and associated implementation framework of processes, tools, digital models, digital threads and digital use cases. The approach is being submitted for U.S. patent application and was applied on a pilot project involving a spacecraft Bus, mission payload (P/L), and digitized PL-to-Bus interface.
AlphaSpace: Fragment-Centric Topographical Mapping To Target Protein–Protein Interaction Interfaces (2015)

Inhibition of protein-protein interactions (PPIs) is emerging as a promising therapeutic strategy despite the difficulty in targeting such interfaces with drug-like small molecules. PPIs generally feature large and flat binding surfaces as compared to typical drug targets. These features pose a challenge for structural characterization of the surface using geometry-based pocket-detection methods. An attractive mapping strategy--that builds on the principles of fragment-based drug discovery (FBDD)--is to detect the fragment-centric modularity at the protein surface and then characterize the large PPI interface as a set of localized, fragment-targetable interaction regions. Here, we introduce AlphaSpace, a computational analysis tool designed for fragment-centric topographical mapping (FCTM) of PPI interfaces. Our approach uses the alpha sphere construct, a geometric feature of a protein's Voronoi diagram, to map out concave interaction space at the protein surface. We introduce two new features--alpha-atom and alpha-space--and the concept of the alpha-atom/alpha-space pair to rank pockets for fragment-targetability and to facilitate the evaluation of pocket/fragment complementarity. The resulting high-resolution interfacial map of targetable pocket space can be used to guide the rational design and optimization of small molecule or biomimetic PPI inhibitors.
A flexible filterbank structure for extensive signal manipulations in digital hearing aids (2002)

Filterbanks for digital hearing aids must use significantly different criteria than those designed for coding applications. For digital hearing aids, the filterbank channel gains must be adjustable over a large dynamic range to compensate for the hearing loss. This adjustability violates the alias cancellation properties of critically sampled filterbanks designed for coding. This paper describes a filterbank designed exclusively for hearing aid applications. Consideration will be given to the extremely limited memory, low delay and low power requirements that must be met in a typical hearing aid application.
Polyesters from 2,6‐dihydroxy‐9,10‐dihydro‐9,10‐ethanoanthracene and 2,6‐dihydroxyanthracene (1985)

Abstract High molecular weight, film‐forming, amorphous polyesters have been prepared from 2,6‐dilydroxy‐9,10‐dihydro‐9,10‐ethanoanthracene with adipic, sebacic, dodecanoic, isophthalic, 4,4′‐oxybibenzoic, 2,6‐naphthoic, 4,4′‐bibenzoic, and terephthalic acid. Thermal elimination of ethylene from these polymers has yielded the corresponding polyesters from 2,6‐dihydroxyanthracene which were of high molecular weight, film forming, and crystalline.
Internet Low Bit Rate Codec (iLBC) (2004)

This document specifies a speech codec suitable for robust voice
communication over IP. The codec is developed by Global IP Sound
(GIPS). It is designed for narrow band speech and results in a payload
bit rate of 13.33 kbit/s for 30 ms frames and 15.20 kbit/s for 20 ms
frames. The codec enables graceful speech quality degradation in the
case of lost frames, which occurs in connection with lost or delayed
IP packets. This memo defines an Experimental Protocol for the
Internet community.
Blind vehicle's sound detecting technique for advanced safety-driving system (2009)

Automobile makers have been developed and commercialized safety-driving systems to reduce the number of traffic accidents, especially with cameras or radars. This paper presents a new vehicle detecting system in a blind spot, which identifies the diffracted sound emitted from the blind vehicles behind obstacle. We show that our system works efficiently in a noisy real environment.
Phase Change Optical Disks Having Recording Marks with Large Optical Phase Difference Suitable for Mark Edge Recording (1996)

We have developed a novel absorptivity control method for phase change optical disks with the aim of reducing overwriting jitter in mark edge recording without degradation of overwriting cyclability. To control absorptivity more easily, we have designed a disk with a small difference in reflectivity between the amorphous and the crystalline states, and with a large optical phase difference between the reflected light from those two states, which produces a high carrier-to-noise ratio. We have obtained significantly reduced overwriting jitter, down to 2.5 ns for the leading edge, as well as a sufficient overwriting cyclability of up to 10 5 times.
Application of Anthocyanins from Blackcurrant (<i>Ribes nigrum</i> L.) Fruit Waste as Renewable Hair Dyes (2018)

There is much concern about the toxicological effects of synthetic hair dyes. As an alternative approach, renewable waste blackcurrant ( Ribes nigrum L.) fruit skins from the fruit pressing industry were extracted using acidified water with a solid-phase purification stage. Anthocyanin colorants were isolated in good yields (2-3% w/ w) and characterized by HPLC. Sorption of anthocyanins onto hair followed a Freundlich isotherm; anthocyanin-anthocyanin aggregation interactions enabled high buildup on the substrate. Sorption energy of cyanidin-3- O-glucoside (monosaccharide) > cyanidin-3- O-rutinoside (disaccharide), but sorption properties of different anthocyanin glucosides were very similar. Intense blue-colored dyeing on hair could be achieved with λ<sub>max-vis</sub> at 580 nm, typical of the anionic quinonoid base; it is suggested that hair provides an environment that enables the stabilization of the anionic quinonoid base on adsorption through association with cations in the hair and copigmentation effects. Dyeings were stable to multiple washes.
High-quality CMOS in thin (100 nm) silicon on sapphire (1988)

Electrical characteristics of enhancement-mode n-channel and p-channel MOSFETs in 100-nm-thick silicon-on-sapphire (SOS) are reported. Channel mobilities (linear operation) of 500 and 200 cm/sup 2//V-s, respectively, have been measured in double solid-phase epitaxially (DSPE) improved material. Deep trap levels associated with the Si-sapphire interface were measured in concentrations as low as 1*10/sup 11/ cm/sup -2/. These results indicate that DSPE-improved SOS films thinned to 100 nm are suitable for application to high-performance down-scaled CMOS circuitry.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Fermentation pattern of sucrose to ethanol conversions by <i>Zymomonas mobilis</i> (1981)

Abstract General patterns of sucrose fermentation by two strains of Zymomonas mobilis , designated Z7 and Z10, were established using sucrose concentrations from 50 to 200 g/liter. Strain Z7 showed a higher invertase activity than Z10. Strain Z10 showed a reduced specific growth rate at high sucrose concentration while Z7 was unaffected. High sucrose hydrolyzing activity in strain Z7 lead to glucose accumulation in the medium at high sucrose concentrations. Ethanol production and fermentation time depend on the rate of catabolism of the products of sucrose hydrolysis, glucose and fructose. The metabolic quotients for sucrose utilization, q s , and ethanol production, q p (g/g·hr), are unsuitable for describing sucrose utilization by Zymomonas mobilis , as the logarithmic phase of growth precedes the phase of highest substrate utilization (g/liter·hr) and ethanol production (g/liter·hr) in batch culture.
An Analytical Approach to Gas Turbine Engine Model Linearization (2011)

This paper presents analytical linearization schemes of a reduced order aero-thermodynamic model of the generic back end of a turbofan engine. The proposed linearization scheme has advantages of flexibility and reusability over the commonly used linearization method based on the numerical perturbation scheme. Also, a blending algorithm employing the distance to the boundary as the weight has been incorporated into the linearization scheme to capture the change of the flow behaviour near bifurcating boundaries. The proposed linearization scheme is developed and applied to a back end model of a generic turbofan engine with bifurcations corresponding to choked/unchoked boundaries. This model is also used for proof of concept validation test.
Development of a projection imaging electron microscope with electrostatic lenses (1999)

In the semiconductor industry, the inspection technique using an electron beam is expected to play an important role because of its high spatial resolution. In comparison with conventional scanning techniques, direct imaging produced by projection optics offers both faster mapping rates due to parallel detection and higher resolution. An electron microscope based on the projection imaging optics has been designed and constructed. Secondary electrons emitted by the area exposure are projected through the projection optics consisting of fully electrostatic lenses, and then imaged onto the image detection system. A computational analysis indicates resolution of 0.27 μm which can satisfy both adequate resolution and image grab time. An image of a 0.2 μm design rule device is demonstrated.
Antibody to Epstein-Barr Virus Deoxyuridine Triphosphate Nucleotidohydrolase and Deoxyribonucleotide Polymerase in a Chronic Fatigue Syndrome Subset (2012)

There is prolonged elevated antibody level against the encoded proteins EBV dUTPase and EBV DNA polymerase in a subset of CFS patients, suggesting that this antibody panel could be used to identify these patients, if these preliminary findings are corroborated by studies with a larger number of EBV subset CFS patients.
A Study on Designing Link Type Percussion Lock (2009)

In the traditional percussion locks of small arms, a firing pin is struck by a hammer rotating on a single center of rotation, which makes the percussion mechanism simple and reliable. In order to strike the firing pin by the hammer, however, the firing pin should be located within the radius of rotation of the hammer. As the distance between the striking point of the firing pin and the center of rotation of the hammer becomes longer, the radius of rotation of the hammer should also be increased, which results in the increase of the volume and weight of the small arms because the hammer needs the more space for its operation inside of the small arms. In this paper, a link type percussion lock was newly proposed in order to overcome the limitation of designing small arms when using traditional percussion locks, as mentioned above. The link type percussion lock was modeled by using multi-body dynamics software and designed to satisfy the requirements such as striking force level of the hammer exerting on the firing pin enough to detonate the percussion cap of ammunitions and the safety on the accidental drop. It was applied to the newly developed dual-barrel weapon system, in which the weight and overall length are important design factors, and verified by durability test and drop test on the ground.
Real-time compact optoelectronic neural networks for face recognition (1996)

We describe a nonlinear joint transform correlator-based two-layer neural network that uses a supervised learning algorithm for real-time face recognition. The system is trained with a sequence of facial images and is able to classify an input face image in real-time. Computer simulations and optical experimental results are presented. The processor can be manufactured into a compact low-cost optoelectronic system. The use of the nonlinear joint transform correlator provides good noise robustness and good image discrimination.
Fluorescence microscopy in a microwave cavity (2007)

Optical microscopy is a well-established technique that has wide ranging applications for imaging molecular dynamics of biological systems. Typically, these applications rely on external temperature controllers to maintain or change reactions rates of these biological systems. With increasing interest in applying low power microwaves to drive biological and chemical reactions, we have combined optical and microwave based technologies and developed a fluorescence microscope in a microwave cavity. With this instrument, we have found a means to optically image biological systems inside microwave cavities during the application of microwave pulses.
Molecular beam epitaxial growth and characterization of InGaN/GaN dot-in-a-wire nanoscale heterostructures: toward ultrahigh efficiency phosphor-free white light emitting diodes (2013)

One of the grand challenges for future solid state lighting is the development of high efficiency, phosphor-free white light emitting diodes (LEDs). In this context, we have investigated the molecular beam epitaxial growth and characterization of nanowire LEDs on Si, wherein intrinsic white-light emission is achieved by incorporating selforganized InGaN quantum dots in defect-free GaN nanowires on a single chip. We have further demonstrated that, with the incorporation of p-type modulation doping and AlGaN electron blocking layer, InGaN/GaN dot-in-a-wire white LEDs can exhibit nearly zero efficiency droop and significantly enhanced internal quantum efficiency (up to ~57%) at room-temperature.
Effect of hydrogen peroxide concentration on oilseed protein solubility (1989)

Abstract Cucurbitin, a typical oilseed protein, was treated with 0‐30% H 2 O 2 , lyophilized after removal of H 2 O 2 , and then tested for its solubility in water. Its solubility increased linearly from virtual insolubility in the absence of H 2 O 2 exposure to about 65 mg/ml after exposure to either 20% or 30% H 2 O 2 . These results indicated that H 2 O 2 is effective in producing several ratios of soluble‐to‐insoluble protein preparations, as represented by cucurbitin. Obtaining desired solubilities of oilseed proteins with H 2 O 2 could provide ways for the development of new oilseed products.
Temperature Stability of Surface Acoustic Wave Resonators on In-Plane Rotated 33° Y-Cut Quartz (2003)

ST-cut quartz has been widely used in surface acoustic wave (SAW) devices due to its good temperature stability. However, ST-cut SAW devices are still not as temperature stable as AT-cut quartz. Hence new SAW resonators with better temperature stability are needed. We present surface acoustic wave resonators on the in-plane rotated 33° Y-cut quartz with improved temperature stability. We calculated the frequency temperature characteristics of Rayleigh waves using the finite element method under the condition of Euler angle (0, 123, 39-44). The second-order temperature coefficients of less than -1.5×10-8/°C2 were achieved by calculations and experiments. Compared with the second-order temperature coefficients of ST-cut quartz (-3.4×10-8/°C2), these values are more than 50% smaller. The fabricated SAW resonators have good crystal impedance (resonance impedance) and Q-value.