gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Novel reflectarry for beam steering (2005)

A class of novel reflectarray antenna topologies is proposed in this paper. The common features of these topologies are the presence of microstrip patches of similar size arranged into a regular lattice configuration on the top layer, and a periodic configuration of slots of variable size on the lower layer that are utilized to adjust the phase shift of the incoming wave. A novel method for generating a reconfigurable reflectarray based on the creation of photo-induced plasma inside a semiconductor material is also presented. An optically controlled variable slot located on the ground plane of a reflectarray antenna is utilized in the suggested scheme to change the distribution of phase on the surface of the reflectarray. This property can be used for dynamic beam scanning and beam shaping
Endoxylanase expressed during papaya fruit ripening: purification, cloning and characterization (2003)

Papaya (Carica papaya L.) softening during fruit ripening is correlated with the activities of an endoxylanase (EC 3.2.1.8). A 32.5-kDa xylanase (CpaEXY1) from ripening fruit mesocarp was purified 45 871-fold on enzymatic activity and to homogeneity by SDS electrophoresis. The enzyme had endo- and not exo-xylanase activity, a pH optimum of 5-7 and was inhibited by Ca<sup>2+</sup>, Co<sup>2+</sup>, and Zn<sup>2+</sup>. Degenerate primers were constructed from five peptides obtained from the purified enzyme, and a full-length cDNA clone (AY138968) was isolated from a library constructed from ripening mesocarp. CpaEXY1 coded for a 64.96-kDa protein that had up to 61% identity with the 12 predicted Arabidopsis Family 10 endoxylanase-like sequences and 40% to the barley aleurone xylanase. The peptide sequences, obtained from the trypsin-digested purified protein, were all found between amino acid 267and 426 out of the predicted 584 amino acids. The N-terminal 27 amino acids were hydrophobic and formed a predicted secretory signal peptide. A predicted carbohydrate-binding module was located between amino acids 60and 182, distinct from the C-terminal endoxylanase catalytic center. CpaEXY1 was developmentally expressed during fruit ripening and the expression correlated with the variation in softening patterns of different varieties. The findings are consistent with the hypothesis that CpaEXY1 was expressed during fruit ripening; the expression was correlated with softening and was modified by post-translational proteolysis. This modification may take place in the cell wall, and regulate enzyme activity and cell-wall-microdomain-specific hydrolysis.
Plasmonic crystal gas sensor incorporating graphene oxide for detection of volatile organic compounds (2016)

This paper reports a gas sensor consisting of a thin layer of graphene oxide (GO) assembled on the top surface of mushroom plasmonic nanostructures. The plasmonic crystal structure is formed by an array of polymeric nanoposts with gold disks at the top and perforated nanoholes in a gold film at the bottom. The optical response of the plasmonic nanostructure is altered due to absorbing different concentrations of gas in presence of GO coating. The refractive index change of the GO layer with different thicknesses allows for selective detection of different gas species with the help of the principal component analysis-based pattern recognition algorithm. The present plasmonic nanostructure offers a promising approach to detect various volatile organic compounds.
Acoustic wave devices for sensing in liquids (1987)

Horizontally polarized shear waves (HPSWs) have been used for acoustic sensing of liquid viscosity and for measuring sub-monolayer mass changes accompanying electrode reactions. HPSWs are excited on a piezoelectric substrate using interdigital transducers in much the same fashion as the Rayleigh waves used in surface acoustic wave (SAW) sensors. HPSW sensors are shown to have several advantages compared to SAW devices and bulk crystal oscillators for liquid sensing.
A Probabilistic Protocol for Multi-Hop Routing in VANETs (2009)

Vehicular ad hoc networks (VANETs) allow communications over sequences of vehicles with radio devices. On such a network, there are many possible applications such as traffic jam warning, collision warning, parking lot reservations, camera picture feed etc. There have been quite a few results in the area seeking for a fast and reliable communication protocol due to their potential. VANETs, however, are pointed out as difficult for numerical optimizations due to frequent changes in their topologies. As a result, heuristic methods such as GPSR have been mainly used for routing packets over multi-hop communications. In this paper, we present an algorithm to pre-compute the probability that the communication is possible between specified source and destination in a VANET, under certain mathematical assumption. The proposed new protocol for multi-hop communication refers to a lookup table containing the pre-computed data to decide a good packet forwarder quickly. We create a simulation testbed that seems challenging for all the existing multi-hop routing protocols for VANETs, in which we test ours. We see much improved performances over GPSR after the algorithm is refined for some practical issues.
9a,11-Cyclic carbamates of 15-membered azalides. (1993)

The novel 9a,11-cyclic carbamates (13-15) of 9-deoxo-9a-aza-9a-homoerythromycin A (4) have been prepared and characterized by 1H-1H and 1H-13C 2D NMR spectroscopy. When compared to azithromycin (1) or its 6-O-methyl derivative (2), the new bicyclic 15-membered azalides exhibited substantially decreased antibacterial activities in vitro.
One-bit representation of a gray-scale nonlinear joint transform correlator (1992)

We investigate a binary encoding technique to represent grayscale nonlinear joint transform correlators. We show that the joint power spectrum can be binary encoded to represent gray-scale nonlinear joint transform correlators. The threshold function is computed analytically in terms of the power spectra of the input signal and the reference signal. Computer simulations of the correlation tests for various degrees of nonlinear transformation of the joint power spectrum are presented.
Lithium Thin-Film Battery with a Reversed Structural Configuration SS/Li/Lipon/Li[sub x]V[sub 2]O[sub 5]/Cu (2003)

All-solid-state thin-film lithium batteries were fabricated on stainless steel substrates with a reversed structural configuration of stainless steel using sequential thin-film deposition techniques. The initial thin-film battery had a cell configuration of During the first charging cycle, metallic Li was electroplated in between the Lipon layer and stainless steel substrate to form the anode. As corroborated by ac impedance measurements, the formation of a metallic lithium anode layer was confirmed. These cells were fabricated with a active area which delivered a discharge capacity of at room temperature and showed a high cycle stability up to 770 cycles at a current density of © 2003 The Electrochemical Society. All rights reserved.
FIR Filter Design via Extended Optimal Factoring (2015)

An improved optimal factoring and zero-grouping algorithm is presented that reduces the hardware needed to implement FIR filters in a cascade structure, with better factors obtained via an optimal grouping of both off-unit-circle as well as on-unit-circle transfer-function zeros. The concept, additional design techniques, and benefits are examined here using practical examples. It is shown that the extended approach offers access to more features that can be exploited to achieve a greater reduction in coefficient quantization levels, thereby creating filters having minimal hardware complexity.
Controlled-release mitochondrial protonophore (CRMP) reverses dyslipidemia and hepatic steatosis in dysmetabolic nonhuman primates (2019)

Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is estimated to affect up to one-third of the general population, and new therapies are urgently required. Our laboratory previously developed a controlled-release mitochondrial protonophore (CRMP) that is functionally liver-targeted and promotes oxidation of hepatic triglycerides. Although we previously demonstrated that CRMP safely reverses hypertriglyceridemia, fatty liver, hepatic inflammation, and fibrosis in diet-induced rodent models of obesity, there remains a critical need to assess its safety and efficacy in a model highly relevant to humans. Here, we evaluated the impact of longer-term CRMP treatment on hepatic mitochondrial oxidation and on the reversal of hypertriglyceridemia, NAFLD, and insulin resistance in high-fat, fructose-fed cynomolgus macaques (<i>n =</i> 6) and spontaneously obese dysmetabolic rhesus macaques (<i>n =</i> 12). Using positional isotopomer nuclear magnetic resonance tracer analysis (PINTA), we demonstrated that acute CRMP treatment (single dose, 5 mg/kg) increased rates of hepatic mitochondrial fat oxidation by 40%. Six weeks of CRMP treatment reduced hepatic triglycerides in both nonhuman primate models independently of changes in body weight, food intake, body temperature, or adverse reactions. CRMP treatment was also associated with a 20 to 30% reduction in fasting plasma triglycerides and low-density lipoprotein (LDL)-cholesterol in dysmetabolic nonhuman primates. Oral administration of CRMP reduced endogenous glucose production by 18%, attributable to a 20% reduction in hepatic acetyl-coenzyme A (CoA) content [as assessed by whole-body β-hydroxybutyrate (β-OHB) turnover] and pyruvate carboxylase flux. Collectively, these studies provide proof-of-concept data to support the development of liver-targeted mitochondrial uncouplers for the treatment of metabolic syndrome in humans.
The present invention relates to automated methods of introducing multiple nucleic acid sequences into one or more target cells. (2012)

The present invention relates to automated methods of introducing multiple nucleic acid sequences into one or more target cells.
Variable-to-fixed length codes and plurally parsable dictionaries (2003)

We introduce the idea of plurally parsable dictionaries. For small to moderate dictionary sizes, we show how to design plurally parsable dictionaries that can outperform the optimal uniquely parsable (i.e., Tunstall) dictionary of the same size on very predictable binary, memoryless sources.
Electro-Optically Tunable Universal Metasurfaces (2019)

Molding the flow of light at the nanoscale has been a grand challenge of nanophotonics for decades. It is now widely recognized that metasurfaces represent a chip-scale nanophotonics array technology capable of comprehensively controlling the wavefront of light via appropriately configuring subwavelength antenna elements. Here, we demonstrate a reconfigurable metasurface that is universal, i.e., notionally capable of providing diverse optical functions in the telecommunication wavelength regime, using a compact, lightweight, electronically-controlled array with no moving parts. By electro-optical control of the phase of the scattered light from identical individual metasurface elements, we demonstrate a single prototype universal programmable metasurface that is capable of both dynamic beam steering and reconfigurable light focusing using one single device. Reconfigurable universal metasurfaces with arrays of tunable optical antennas thus can perform arbitrary optical functions by programmable array-level control of scattered light phase, amplitude, and polarization, similar to dynamic and programmable memories in electronics.
Surface Plasmon Dispersion Engineering via Double-Metallic Au / Ag Layers for Nitride Light-Emitting Diodes (2011)

The use of double-metallic Au / Ag layers coupled to InGaN quantum well (QW) results in wide-spectrum tuning of the Purcell peak enhancement of the spontaneous recombination rate for nitride light-emitting diodes.
Alkene hydrogenation activity of enoate reductases for an environmentally benign biosynthesis of adipic acid (2016)

Adipic acid, a precursor for Nylon-6,6 polymer, is one of the most important commodity chemicals, which is currently produced from petroleum. The biosynthesis of adipic acid from glucose still remains challenging due to the absence of biocatalysts required for the hydrogenation of unsaturated six-carbon dicarboxylic acids to adipic acid. Here, we demonstrate the first enzymatic hydrogenation of 2-hexenedioic acid and muconic acid to adipic acid using enoate reductases (ERs). ERs can hydrogenate 2-hexenedioic acid and muconic acid producing adipic acid with a high conversion rate and yield <i>in vivo</i> and <i>in vitro</i>. Purified ERs exhibit a broad substrate spectrum including aromatic and aliphatic 2-enoates and a significant oxygen tolerance. The discovery of the hydrogenation activity of ERs contributes to an understanding of the catalytic mechanism of these poorly characterized enzymes and enables the environmentally benign biosynthesis of adipic acid and other chemicals from renewable resources.
Blind deconvolution of audio-frequency signals using the self-deconvolving data restoration algorithm (2004)

A signal processing algorithm has been developed in which a filter function is extracted from degraded data through mathematical operations. The filter function can be used to restore much of the degraded content of the data through use of a deconvolution process. The operation can be performed without prior knowledge of the detection system, a technique known as blind deconvolution. The extraction process, designated self-deconvolving data reconstruction algorithm, is applied here to audio-frequency signals showing significant qualitative improvement. Degradation arising from the process of electronic recording and reproduction is significantly reduced.
Technology of ultrasound impact treatment as a means of improving the reliability and endurance of welded metal structures (2003)

(2003). Technology of ultrasound impact treatment as a means of improving the reliability and endurance of welded metal structures. Welding International: Vol. 17, No. 9, pp. 741-744.
Noninjection Facile Synthesis of Gram-Scale Highly Luminescent CdSe Multipod Nanocrystals (2011)

Nearly all reported approaches for synthesis of high quality CdSe nanocrystals (NCs) involved two steps of preparation of Cd or Se stock solution in advance and then mixing the two reactants via hot-injection in high temperature. In this manuscript, Gram-scale CdSe multipod NCs were facilely synthesized in a noninjection route with the use of CdO and Se powder directly as reactants in paraffin reaction medium containing small amount of oleic acid and trioctylphosphine. The influence of various experimental variables, including reaction temperature, nature and amount of surfactants, Cd-to-Se ratio, and the nature of reactants, on the morphology of the obtained CdSe NCs have been systematically investigated. After deposition of ZnS shell around the CdSe multipod NCs, the PL QY of the obtained CdSe/ZnS can be up to 85%. The reported noninjection preparation approach can satisfy the requirement of industrial production bearing the advantage of low-cost, reproducible, and scalable. Furthermore, this facile noninjection strategy provides a versatile route to large-scale preparation of other semiconductor NCs with multipod or other morphologies.
Metropolis procedural modeling (2011)

Procedural representations provide powerful means for generating complex geometric structures. They are also notoriously difficult to control. In this article, we present an algorithm for controlling grammar-based procedural models. Given a grammar and a high-level specification of the desired production, the algorithm computes a production from the grammar that conforms to the specification. This production is generated by optimizing over the space of possible productions from the grammar. The algorithm supports specifications of many forms, including geometric shapes and analytical objectives. We demonstrate the algorithm on procedural models of trees, cities, buildings, and Mondrian paintings.
3D-Weaving: Theory and Practice (2001)

The development of the first-ever dual-directional shedding system has now empirically validated the findings and the technical characterization of the 3D-weaving process presented about three years ago, which hypothesized that such an operation alone forms the basis for defining and carrying out the 3D-weaving process. Through this shedding operation it becomes possible to interlace a grid-like multiple-layer warp with vertical and horizontal sets of wefts to produce a fully interlaced 3D fabric. This development therefore conclusively establishes that certain different types of fabric-forming processes, which are regarded as 3D-weaving, are technically not so because of the discrepancies in their assumed theory and actual practice. The supposed and the technically complying 3D-weaving processes are comprehensively explained here to make available their essential technical details and practical relevance as a complementary whole for the first time to form the necessary basis for initiating open discussions and to further their understanding and development.
Development of a Polysaccharide as a Vehicle to Improve the Efficacy of Chemotherapeutics (2006)

The GMP process has been developed for manufacturing DAVANAT®, a modified galactomannan from Cyamopsis tetragonoloba, or guar gum. The material was structurally identified and characterized by standard analytical techniques as well as by the following methods: 13C Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (13C-NMR); Size Exclusion Chromatography with Multi-Angle Laser Light Scattering (SEC-MALLS) for absolute molecular weight determination; and Anion Exchange Liquid Chromatography with Pulsed Amperometric Detection (AELC-PAD) for carbohydrate composition and to verify the uniformity and purity of the final products. Both in the manufacturing of the bulk material and the final drug product, precautions were taken to control degradation by thermal or microbial/enzymatic activity. A s a parental/i.v., the slow-dissolving polymer was formulated as a sterile solution to make it easy to handle in a hospital. The shelf life of the polymer solution has been estimated to be at least three years at room temperature. Preclinical studies with 5-fluorouracil, doxorubicin, irinotecan, and cisplatin have shown significant degrees of efficacy enhancement both in colon and breastcancer models in nude mice.
Novel Wet Etching of Silicon Nitride in a Single Wafer Spin Processor (2012)

Selective etching of silicon nitride films has been an important process step in integrated circuit manufacturing for many years [1-. In the past, this process has been mainly used to remove the silicon nitride mask which protects the transistor active area during the formation of oxide isolation. Recently, this process has also been used to remove silicon nitride spacers after source and drain formation for better management of the strained channel [. Advanced device integration continues to add more steps in which the selective removal of silicon nitride is needed.
ChemInform Abstract: Spatial and Surface Design of Porous Coordination Polymers (2008)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
A combined PET/CT scanner for clinical oncology. (2000)

A combined PET and CT scanner is a practical and effective approach to acquiring co-registered anatomical and functional images in a single scanning session.
Ternary eutectic growth of nanostructured thermoelectric Ag-Pb-Te materials (2012)

Nanostructured Ag-Pb-Te thermoelectric materials were fabricated by unidirectionally solidifying the ternary Ag-Pb-Te eutectic and near-eutectic alloys using the Bridgeman method. Specially, the Bridgman-grown eutectic alloy exhibited a partially aligned lamellar microstructure, which consisted of Ag5Te3 and Te phases, with additional 200-600 nm size particles of PbTe. The self-assembled interfaces altered the thermal and electronic transport properties in the bulk Ag-Pb-Te eutectic alloy. Presumably due to phonon scattering from the nanoscale microstructure, a low thermal conductivity (κ = 0.3 W/mK) was achieved of the eutectic alloy, leading to a zT peak of 0.41 at 400 K.
Molecular Addressing? Selective Photoinduced Cooperative Motion of Polar Ester Groups in Copolymers Containing Azobenzene Groups (1998)

Amorphous copolymers with rigid azobenzene and ester side groups form films in which birefringence can be induced using linearly polarized light. When both the azobenzene and the ester groups are polar, cooperative motion occurs and high levels of birefringence can be achieved at relatively low azobenzene content. With less polar ester groups, this cooperative motion is significantly reduced, suggesting that the effect is not dictated by steric factors (as is the case in liquid crystalline copolymers), but by electric interaction between the side group dipoles. The differences in cooperative motion of two copolymer systems: poly{4‘-[(2-(methacryloyloxy)ethyl)ethylamino]-4-nitroazobenzene (DR1M)-co-4-nitrophenyl 4-[[2-[(2-methyl-1-oxo-2-propenyl)oxy]ethyl]oxy]benzoate (BEM)} (a polar azo/polar ester pair), and poly{DR1M-co-4-phenyl 4-[[2-[2-(2-methyl-1-oxo-2-propenyl)oxy]ethyl]oxy]benzoate (NBEM)} (a polar azo/less polar ester) have been investigated using birefringence measurements and time dependent infrared spectroscopy. Thus, the “molecular addressing” concept introduced by Anderle and Wendorff for liquid crystalline copolymers is real. Kinetic analysis using time-dependent infrared spectroscopy clearly shows that the azobenzene groups move first and are followed by the ester groups, which move to a much greater degree when they have similar polarity (BEM with DR1M).
TfP210. Thin-film ZnO ultrasonic transducer arrays for operation at 100 MHz (1992)

Abstract Thin-film ZnO ultrasonic transducer arrays for operation at 100 MHz were developed and evaluated. Epitaxial, high acoustic quality ZnO film layers of 10 μm thickness could be produced by sputter deposition on well (111)-oriented gold films with chromium sublayers evaporated on (0001) sapphire. Using a photoresist etching mask of the desired pattern, the upper Au/Cr electrode and subsequent ZnO film were etched to form grooves separating the multi-layered film into array elements with a 100 μm pitch. It was found that the ultrasound beam in the azimuth plane for a 32-element array could be electronically focused in the 100 MHz range to obtain a half-amplitude width of 60 μm at the focal depth in water. This value reasonably agrees with the theoretically calculated value.
Techniques for Minimizing the Basal Plane Dislocation Density in SiC Epilayers to Reduce V<sub>f</sub> Drift in SiC Bipolar Power Devices (2006)

Forward voltage instability, or Vf drift, has confounded high voltage SiC device makers for the last several years. The SiC community has recognized that the root cause of Vf drift in bipolar SiC devices is the expansion of basal plane dislocations (BPDs) into Shockley Stacking Faults (SFs) within device regions that experience conductivity modulation. In this presentation, we detail relatively simple procedures that reduce the density of Vf drift inducing BPDs in epilayers to <10 cm-2 and permit the fabrication of bipolar SiC devices with very good Vf stability. The first low BPD technique employs a selective etch of the substrate prior to epilayer growth to create a near on-axis surface where BPDs intersect the substrate surface. The second low BPD technique employs lithographic and dry etch patterning of the substrate prior to epilayer growth. Both processes impede the propagation of BPDs into epilayers by preferentially converting BPDs into threading edge dislocations (TEDs) during the initial stages of epilayer growth. With these techniques, we routinely achieve Vf stability yields of up to 90% in devices with active areas from 0.006 to 1 cm2, implying that the utility of the processes is not limited by device size.