gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Modeling Hepatitis C Virus Therapies Combining Drugs and Lectin Affinity Plasmapheresis (2010)

Hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection can be cured by standard pegylated interferon (IFN) + ribavirin drug therapy in 30-50% of treatment-naïve genotype 1 HCV patients. Cure rate is defined as a sustained viral response measured 6 months after the end of treatment. Recently, Fujiwara et al. [Hepatol Res 2007;37:701-710], using a double-filtration plasmapheresis (DFPP) technique, showed that simple physical reduction in circulating HCV using a 1-week pretreatment increased the cure rate for treatment-naïve type 1 HCV patients from 50 (controls) to 78% (treated). For previous nonresponders, the cure rate increased from 30 to 71%. This effect occurs even though the DFPP per treatment HCV viral load reduction averaged 26%. In clinical studies discussed here, a lectin affinity plasmapheresis (LAP) device caused an estimated 41% decrease in viral load as previously reported. A more detailed analysis using normalized data to correct for any variations in initial viral load gave an average 29% per treatment viral load reduction in 5 HCV-positive dialysis patients. The latter data indicate that continuous application of LAP could bring HCV viral load to undetectable levels in 4.1 days. Compared to DFPP, the LAP approach has the advantage that no plasma losses are incurred. In addition hemopurification can be carried out for extended periods of time analogous to continuous renal replacement therapy for the treatment of acute kidney failure, making the process much more effective. Calculations based on these data predict that continuous hemopurification would substantially increase the rate of viral load reduction (approx. 14-fold) and therefore increase the cure rate for HCV standard-of-care drug therapies without adding additional drugs and their associated side effects.
Src homology domain-containing phosphatase 2 suppresses cellular senescence in glioblastoma (2011)

Src homology domain-containing phosphatase 2 promotes the growth of glioblastoma cells by suppression of cellular senescence, a phenomenon not described previously. Selective inhibitors of SHP2 are commercially available and may be considered as a strategy for glioblastoma therapy.
Large-scale broadband digital silicon photonic switches with vertical adiabatic couplers (2016)

Large-scale photonic switches are essential devices for energy-and cost-efficient optical communication networks in cloud and data-intensive computing. Silicon photonics is an attractive platform for high-density photonic integrated circuits with low manufacturing costs through the leveraging of existing advanced complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor processes. Many optical components such as lasers, modulators, splitters, and photodetectors have been successfully integrated on silicon; however, the quest for large-scale silicon photonic switches has remained elusive. Previous silicon photonic switches made of cascaded 1 x 2 or 2 x 2 building blocks have a limited port count (= 8 x 8) or excessive optical losses (> 15 dB). Here, we present a 64 x 64 digital silicon photonic switch with a low on-chip insertion loss (3.7 dB) and broadband operation (300 nm). The measured switching time is 0.91 mu s, and the extinction ratio is larger than 60 dB. The matrix switch with 4096 microelectromechanical-systems-actuated vertical adiabatic couplers has been integrated on a 8.6 mm x 8.6 mm chip. To our knowledge this is the largest monolithic switch, and the largest silicon photonic integrated circuit, reported to date. The passive matrix architecture of our switch is fundamentally more scalable than that of multistage switches. (C) 2016 Optical Society of America
Progress in Voltage-gated Sodium Channel α-Subunit Nav1.5 (2008)

The α-subunit of Nav1.5 voltage-gated sodium channel is the core component for the channel pore-formation and is essential for its ion conduction and voltage-dependent gating. As the most important element for the electrophysiological properties, Nav1.5 was first identified in heart and was functionally related to certain heart diseases. However, Nav1.5 and its alternative splicing forms had been also detected in non-heart tissues, such as in neurons, which exhibit different electrophysiological properties. Recent research indicated that some common diseases, such as cancer and epilepsy, also appeared to be associated with Nav1.5. In this review, the gene mapping, molecular structure, alternative splicing and electrophysiological properties of Nav1.5, as well as its connection with diseases would be discussed.
Shifting roles: physiotherapists’ perception of person-centered care during a pre-implementation phase in the acute hospital setting - A phenomenographic study (2020)

Although the interviewed PTs embraced PCC in principle, PCC does seem to challenge the professional roles of patient and PT. The findings indicate that theories of power relations need to be considered, and further reflection may facilitate implementation. More research is needed to deepen the knowledge of how PTs perceive PCC during all implementation phases.
Serum hyaluronic acid concentration predicts the progression of joint space narrowing in normal knees and established knee osteoarthritis – a five-year prospective cohort study (2015)

Serum HA concentration was positively correlated with progression of KL grade. sHA was also positively correlated with progression of JSN in knees with and without OA, suggesting that sHA concentration may be a useful predictor of knee OA progression.
Localization of SUMO-modified Proteins Using Fluorescent Sumo-trapping Proteins (2019)

Here we are presenting a novel method to study the sumoylation of proteins and their sub-cellular localization in mammalian cells and nematode oocytes. This method utilizes a recombinant modified SUMO-trapping protein fragment, kmUTAG, derived from the Ulp1 SUMO protease of the stress-tolerant budding yeast Kluyveromyces marxianus. We have adapted the properties of the kmUTAG for the purpose of studying sumoylation in a variety of model systems without the use of antibodies. For the study of SUMO, KmUTAG has several advantages when compared to antibody-based approaches. This stress-tolerant SUMO-trapping reagent is produced recombinantly, it recognizes native SUMO isoforms from many species, and unlike commercially available antibodies it shows reduced affinity for free, unconjugated SUMO. Representative results shown here include the localization of SUMO conjugates in mammalian tissue culture cells and nematode oocytes.
Microprocessor-Based Data-Acquisition System for a Borehole Radar (1987)

An efficient microprocessor-based system has been implemented that permits real-time acquisition, stacking, and digital recording of data generated by a borehole radar system. Although the system digitizes, stacks, and records independently of a computer, it is interfaced to a desktop computer for program control over system parameters such as sampling interval, number of samples, number of times the data are stacked prior to recording on nine-track tape, and for graphics display of the digitized data. The data can be transferred to the desktop computer during recording, or played back from a tape at a later time. Using the desktop computer, the operator can observe results while recording data and generate hard-copy graphics in the field. Thus, the radar operator can immediately evaluate the quality of data being obtained, modify system parameters, study the radar logs before leaving the field, and re-run borehole logs if necessary. The system has proven to be reliable in the field and has increased productivity both in the field and in the laboratory.
Volumetric quantification of fibrous caps using intravascular optical coherence tomography (2012)

The rupture of thin-cap fibroatheroma accounts for most acute coronary events. Optical Coherence Tomography (OCT) allows quantification of fibrous cap (FC) thickness in vivo. Conventional manual analysis, by visually determining the thinnest part of the FC is subject to inter-observer variability and does not capture the 3-D morphology of the FC. We propose and validate a computer-aided method that allows volumetric analysis of FC. The radial FC boundary is semi-automatically segmented using a dynamic programming algorithm. The thickness at every point of the FC boundary, along with 3-D morphology of the FC, can be quantified. The method was validated against three experienced OCT image analysts in 14 lipid-rich lesions. The proposed method may advance our understanding of the mechanisms behind plaque rupture and improve disease management.
Novel Conjugation Strategies Using the Diels–Alder Reaction (2018)

Author(s): St. Amant, Andre Henri | Advisor(s): Read de Alaniz, Javier | Abstract: The development of new functional materials requires reliable conjugation chemistry for coupling molecular fragments under mild reaction conditions. The Diels–Alder (DA) reaction has been used in organic synthesis extensively over the past 90 years, but only recently has its ability to form fast and stable linkages been explored. New developments in small molecule DA reactivity have led to advances in protecting group chemistry and conjugation strategies. During my graduate studies, we developed novel diene-linkers, attached them onto antibodies, and conjugated maleimide-drugs to form DA antibody–drug conjugates. While exploring these adducts, we were able to exploit the lower retro-DA temperature of endo furan–maleimide adducts towards a new protecting group for maleimides in polymer synthesis. We also developed norbornadiene-containing polymers as a new “protected” form of cyclopentadiene that can be unmasked at room temperature with readily available reagents. These three conjugation strategies have enabled facile preparation of functional materials with more stable bonds and greater architectural complexity.
Plastics, Rubber, and Paper Recycling (1995)

As the twentieth century nears its end, a perceived problem facing industrialized societies is the disposal of our solid wastes (1). Thus, the U.S. generates (2) 207 million tons of municipal solid waste each year. The great majority of this waste is destined for landfills (Figure 1), with significant but much smaller amounts incinerated or recycled.
PWD/Ph and PWK/Ph Inbred Mouse Strains of Mus m. musculus Subspecies a Valuable Resource of Phenotypic Variations and Genomic Polymorphisms (2000)

PWD/Ph and PWK/Ph (abbreviated PW*) are highly inbred mouse strains (F66 and F70) derived from wild mice of Mus musculus musculus subspecies. When compared with laboratory inbred strains, they display a plethora of differences in many complex phenotypes such as body weight, fat distribution pattern, blood levels of intermediary metabolites, sensitivity to type-1 diabetes or behaviour patterns. The PWD/Ph genes can rescue the lethal effect of lack of the Igf2 receptor. The male-limited hybrid sterility of (PWD/Ph x laboratory strain)F1 hybrids is a specific phenotype controlled by three or four unlinked loci. These complex phenotypic traits can be genetically dissected by QTL analysis using microsatellite markers of known genetic location. The PW strains are particularly useful for such genome-wide scans since 70-80% of randomly chosen microsatellite markers are polymorphic in (PW x laboratory strain) crosses compared to 35-45% in crosses between two laboratory strains. The list of polymorphic microsatellite loci is included in this report. The high degree of sequence polymorphism allows easier distinction between paternal and maternal mRNA transcripts in PW hybrids, which makes the PW* strains a useful tool also in molecular studies of genomic imprinting. The high frequency of phenotypic differences together with the high degree of sequence polymorphism and the relatively easy breeding of PW strains make them a valuable mammalian model organism for the functional genomics of the traits of biomedical importance.
Two Novel Cytotoxic Benzofuran Derivatives from Brazilian Propolis (2000)

Two novel benzofuran derivatives, propolis-benzofurans A (1) and B (2), were isolated from the MeOH extract of Brazilian propolis, together with two known isoprenylated compounds (E)-3-[2, 3-dihydro-2-(1-methylethenyl)-7-prenyl-5-benzofuranyl]-2-propen oic acid and (E)-3-¿4-hydroxy-3-[(E)-4-(2, 3-dihydrocinnamoyloxy)-3-methyl-2-butenyl]-5-prenylphenyl¿-2 -propenoi c acid. The structures of these compounds were elucidated on the basis of spectral analysis. Both the new compounds exhibited mild cytotoxicity toward highly liver-metastatic murine colon 26-L5 carcinoma and human HT-1080 fibrosarcoma cells.
Photoactive and Conducting Covalent Organic Frameworks (2017)

Hierarchical functional materials with properties encoded for a defined functionality such as light‐induced charge separation are highly desirable targets of numerous synthetic efforts. In the field of reticular chemistry, 2D covalent organic frameworks are an emerging class of porous and crystalline materials obtained by bottom‐up condensation of molecular building blocks assisted by non‐bonding interactions. In this research news article, an overview is provided on newly emerging photoactive and conducting 2D covalent organic frameworks, sketching the creative trajectory from subunit design strategies to framework construction and resulting functionalities.
Incidence and Pathogenicity of Arcanobacterium haemolyticum During a 2-Year Study in Ottawa (1995)

Arcanobacterium haemolyticum has been described as a rare cause of systemic invasive disease and is occasionally isolated from throat swabs. We describe a 2-year study of the incidence and clinical features of A. haemolyticus infection in a pediatric and adolescent population. A total of 11,620 throat swabs were examined for A. haemolyticum with use of a locally developed selective medium. Controls (2,241) were healthy students who were recruited from a separate study. A. haemolyticum was isolated from 42 patients, with the maximum incidence in the 15 to 18-year-old age group; in this subset the incidence was 2.5%. There were no isolates of A. haemolyticum found in the healthy controls, and the difference in incidence between patients and controls in the 15 to 18-year-old age group was highly significant (P < .01). Approximately half of the patients infected with A. haemolyticum had a rash. In 5 patients, A. haemolyticum was associated with a positive monospot test. The organism was highly susceptible to erythromycin and less susceptible to penicillin. The evidence from this study suggests that A. haemolyticum may be a pathogen with maximum incidence in the 15 to 18-year-old age group.
<title>Absolute measurement of surface profiles with phase-shifting projected fringe profilometry</title> (1999)

Phase-shifting projected fringe profilometry (PSPFP) is a powerful tool in the profile inspection of a large variety of rough surfaces. In many applications, absolute PSPFP measurements, capable of compensating for the lateral distortions in the measured object shape and providing an expression of the measured shape under a predefined reference system, are highly desired. In this paper, an absolute PSPFP technique combining the lateral calibration and the phase-to- depth calibration is proposed. The principles of the proposed absolute PSPFP measurement technique will be discussed together with the calibration and measurement methods based on a particular formalism of absolute PSPFP measurements.
Exclusion and Tortuosity Effects for Alcohol/Water Separation by Zeolite-Filled PDMS Membranes (1991)

Abstract A resistance model has been developed to describe the increased pervaporation flux and selectivity for the separation of ethanol/water mixtures with silicalite-filled silicone rubber (SR) membranes as compared to unfilled SR membranes. The model interprets the increased component flux for ethanol in terms of an increasing ethanol permeability of the membrane. Membrane permeability is given as a function of rubber and silicalite permeabilities and of the silicalite content of the membrane. It is shown that silicalite permeability varies with the type of alcohol and the alcohol concentration in the feed mixture. In the series methanol, ethanol, propanol, and butanol, the alcohol permeability of silicalite varies with the length of the alcohol molecule, the lowest permeability being found for butanol. In the presence of propanol and butanol, the silicalite particles are impermeable to water and obstruct water transport through the membrane.
Current Knowledge of Buprenorphine and Its Unique Pharmacological Profile (2010)

Despite the increasing clinical use of transdermal buprenorphine, questions have persisted about the possibility of a ceiling effect for analgesia, its combination with other μ-opioid agonists, and the reversibility of side effects. In October 2008, a consensus group of experts met to review recent research into the pharmacology and clinical use of buprenorphine. The objective was to achieve consensus on the conclusions to be drawn from this work. It was agreed that buprenorphine clearly behaves as a full μ-opioid agonist for analgesia in clinical practice, with no ceiling effect, but that there is a ceiling effect for respiratory depression, reducing the likelihood of this potentially fatal adverse event. This is entirely consistent with receptor theory. In addition, the effects of buprenorphine can be completely reversed by naloxone. No problems are encountered when switching to and from buprenorphine and other opioids, or in combining them. Buprenorphine exhibits a pronounced antihyperalgesic effect that might indicate potential advantages in the treatment of neuropathic pain. Other beneficial properties are the compound's favorable safety profile, particularly in elderly patients and those with renal impairment, and its lack of effect on sex hormones and the immune system. The expert group agreed that these properties, as well as proven efficacy in severe pain and favorable tolerability, mean that buprenorphine can be considered a safe and effective option for treating chronic cancer and noncancer pain.
Using the Fisher kernel method for Web audio classification (2002)

As the multimedia content of the Web increases techniques to automatically classify this content become more important. We present a system to classify audio files collected from the Web. The system classifies any audio file as belonging to one of three categories: speech, music and other. To classify the audio files, we use the technique of Fisher kernels. The technique as proposed by Jaakkola (1998) assumes a probabilistic generative model for the data, in our case a Gaussian mixture model. Then a discriminative classifier uses the GMM as an intermediate step to produce appropriate feature vectors. Support vector machines are our choice of discriminative classifier. We present classification results on a collection of more than 173 hours of Web audio randomly collected. We believe our results represent one of the first realistic studies of audio classification performance on found data. Our final system yielded a classification rate of 81.8%.
Formal Analysis of Human-Assisted Smart City Emergency Services (2019)

The concept of IoT-based Smart Cities has gained momentum in recent years. The research in this domain has focused on modeling key characteristics of future smart cities along with exploring their design and implementation aspects from multiple perspectives. There is, however, a lack of research effort to provide a holistic approach towards modeling smart city services. A comprehensive approach has to view the smart city as a dynamic, uncertain and complex environment where multiple events with varying severity occur in a continuous and non-deterministic manner. These events have to be handled efficiently with the available resources. In this paper, we present a holistic approach to model the probabilistic as well as non-deterministic aspects of the emergency management services of a smart city by using probabilistic model checking. Our proposed model captures the emergency events of varying severity occurring at several locations in a continuous and non-deterministic manner. These events are responded to by a smart emergency management unit (SEMU), which dispatches the required emergency response units (ERUs) to the event location. In addition to modeling a completely automated system, we introduce a human-assisted decision-making process in the model to reduce false alarms. The proposed model can be used to study and evaluate key parameters in designing a smart city emergency management system to meet given service level agreements. We have implemented our proposed model using the PRISM model checker and have conducted several case studies to highlight the effectiveness of our proposed approach for different scenarios of varying complexities.
Generalised single particle models for high-rate operation of graded lithium-ion electrodes: systematic derivation and validation (2019)

A derivation of the single particle model (SPM) is made from a porous electrode theory model (or Newman model) of half-cell (dis)charge for an electrode composed of uniformly sized spherical electrode particles of a single chemistry. The derivation uses a formal asymptotic method based on the disparity between the size of the thermal voltage and that of the characteristic change in overpotential that occurs during (de)lithiation. Comparison is made between solutions to the SPM and to the porous electrode theory (PET) model for NMC, graphite and LFP. These are used to identify regimes where the SPM gives accurate predictions. For most chemistries, even at moderate (dis)charge rates, there are appreciable discrepancies between the PET model and the SPM which can be attributed to spatial non-uniformities in the electrolyte. This motivates us to calculate a correction term to the SPM. Once this has been incorporated into the model its accuracy is significantly improved. Generalised versions of the SPM, that can describe graded electrodes containing multiple electrode particle sizes (or chemistries), are also derived. The results of the generalised SPM, with the correction term, compare favourably to the full PET model where the active electrode material is either NMC or graphite.
Facile and scalable synthesis of imidazolium halides using dimethylmethyleneammonium salts as ring closing reagents (2006)

An efficient procedure is proposed for the synthesis of 1,3-dialkylimidazolium salts starting from 1,4-diaza-1,3-dienes and methyleneammonium salts.
Therapeutic Neovascularization: Contributions from Bioengineering (2005)

A number of pathological entities and surgical interventions could benefit from therapeutic stimulation of new blood vessel formation. Although strategies designed for promoting neovascularization have shown promise in preclinical models, translation to human application has met with limited success when angiogenesis is used as the single therapeutic mechanism. While clinical protocols continue to be optimized, a number of exciting new approaches are being developed. Bioengineering has played an important role in the progress of many of these innovative new strategies. In this review, we present a general outline of therapeutic neovascularization, with an emphasis on investigations using engineering principles to address this vexing clinical problem. In addition, we identify some limitations and suggest areas for future research.