gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Sodium trifluoroacetate as a tune/calibration compound for positive- and negative-ion electrospray ionization mass spectrometry in the mass range of 100–4000 Da (1998)

We have identified aqueous:acetonitrile solutions of alkali-metal trifluoroacetate compounds as tune/calibration standards for both positive- and negative-ion electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (ESI/MS). Each alkali-metal trifluoroacetate solution in water and acetonitrile (50:50, v/v) yields evenly spaced, singly charged peaks in the mass range of 100–3500 Da. Intense peaks are formed either by infusing the solution using a syringe pump, by infusing the solution into a stream of liquids [such as a high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) mobile phase] flowing to the electrospray needle, or by injecting the salt-containing solution into an HPLC mobile phase containing trifluoroacetic acid. The advantages of these compounds include: (i) generation of singly charged ions in both positive and negative ionization modes in the mass range of approximately 100–3500 Da, (ii) formation of evenly spaced peaks with similar intensity across the entire mass range, (iii) the most abundant isotope in each mass cluster is the lowest mass peak (monoisotopic mass), which is free from variation in natural isotope distribution, (iv) commercial availability, (v) they easily dissolve in common liquid chromatography solvents, and (vi) lack of any long-lasting memory effects or background problems.
Pathologies at the nexus of blood coagulation and inflammation: thrombin in hemostasis, cancer, and beyond (2013)

Thrombin is the protease involved in blood coagulation. Its deregulation can lead to hemostatic abnormalities, which range from subtle subclinical to serious life-threatening coagulopathies, i.e., during septicemia. Additionally, thrombin plays important roles in many (patho)physiological conditions that reach far beyond its well-established role in stemming blood loss and thrombosis, including embryonic development and angiogenesis but also extending to inflammatory processes, complement activation, and even tumor biology. In this review, we will address thrombin's broad roles in diverse (patho)physiological processes in an integrative way. We will also discuss thrombin as an emerging major target for novel therapies.
Effect of Li doping in NiO thin films on its transparent and conducting properties and its application in heteroepitaxial p-n junctions (2010)

Li doped NiO (LixNi1−xO) thin films were epitaxially grown along [111] orientation on c-sapphire by pulsed laser deposition. The structural, electrical, and optical properties of the films were investigated using x-ray diffraction, four probe technique, and UV-visible spectra, respectively. The epitaxial growth of [111] Li doped NiO on [0001] sapphire was determined by using high resolution x-ray Φ scan. Effects of the deposition condition and Li doping concentration variations on the electrical and optical properties of Li doped NiO films were also investigated. The analysis of the resistivity data show that doped Li ions occupy the substitutional sites in the films, enhancing the p-type conductivity. The minimum resistivity of 0.15 Ω cm was obtained for Li0.07Ni0.93O film. The activation energy of Li doped NiO films were estimated to be in the range of 0.11–0.14 eV. Based upon these values, a possible electrical transport mechanism is discussed. A p-n heterojunction has also been fabricated for the optimized p-Li doped NiO with n-ZnO. The insertion of i-MgZnO between the p and n layer led to improved current-voltage characteristics due to reduced leakage current. In the diode architecture, a heteroepitaxial relationship of [111]NiO‖[0001]MgZnO‖[0001]ZnO‖[0001]GZO‖[0001]Al2O3 among the layers was obtained. The p-i-n heterojunction showed good rectification behavior with turn on voltage of 2.8 V and breakdown voltage of 8.0 V.
A systematic discussion of fusion techniques for multi-modal affect recognition tasks (2011)

Recently, automatic emotion recognition has been established as a major research topic in the area of human computer interaction (HCI). Since humans express emotions through various channels, a user's emotional state can naturally be perceived by combining emotional cues derived from all available modalities. Yet most effort has been put into single-channel emotion recognition, while only a few studies with focus on the fusion of multiple channels have been published. Even though most of these studies apply rather simple fusion strategies -- such as the sum or product rule -- some of the reported results show promising improvements compared to the single channels. Such results encourage investigations if there is further potential for enhancement if more sophisticated methods are incorporated. Therefore we apply a wide variety of possible fusion techniques such as feature fusion, decision level combination rules, meta-classification or hybrid-fusion. We carry out a systematic comparison of a total of 16 fusion methods on different corpora and compare results using a novel visualization technique. We find that multi-modal fusion is in almost any case at least on par with single channel classification, though homogeneous results within corpora point to interchangeability between concrete fusion schemes.
Clathrin and Plant Endocytosis (2002)

Endocytosis requires the coordinated interaction of a plethora of cytosolic and membrane proteins. In mammalian cells, clathrin plays a crucial role in this process as a scaffolding protein underlying the invaginating plasma membrane and surrounding the primary endocytic vesicle. Despite great similarities at the morphological level, the cargo of endocytic clathrin-coated vesicles in plant cells remains to be elucidated. Thus, the role of endocytosis in the plant cell is difficult to ascertain. This review will present important discoveries on putative endosomal compartments and on the functions of plasma membrane-derived plant clathrin-coated vesicles, but will also emphasize the striking similarities of the clathrin-, network- and vesicle fusion-machineries between plant and animal cells.
Favorable prognostic significance of CEBPA mutations in patients with de novo acute myeloid leukemia: a study from the Acute Leukemia French Association (ALFA) (2002)

The transcription factor C/EBPalpha is crucial for differentiation of mature granulocytes. Recently, different CEBPA gene mutations likely to induce differentiation arrest have been described in nearly 10% of patients with acute myeloid leukemia (AML). In the present study, we retrospectively analyzed the prognostic significance of CEBPA mutations in 135 AML patients (French-American-British [FAB]-M3 excluded). All patients were prospectively enrolled between 1990 and 1996 in a multicenter trial of the ALFA (Acute Leukemia French Association) Group (median age 45 years, median follow-up 5.7 years). Mutations were assessed using direct sequencing of the CEBPA gene. Twenty-two mutations were found in 15 (11%) of 135 patients tested. Twelve patients had at least one mutation located in the N-terminal part of the protein leading to the lack of expression of the full-length C/EBPalpha protein. CEBPA mutations were present only in patients belonging to the intermediate cytogenetic risk subgroup and associated with the FAB-M1 subtype (P =.02). FLT3 internal tandem duplication (ITD) was found in 5 of 15 CEBPA-mutated as compared with 30 of 119 CEBPA-nonmutated cases tested (P =.54). Presence of CEBPA mutations was identified as an independent good prognosis factor for outcome even after adjustment on cytogenetics and FLT3 status (estimated 5-year overall survival 53% vs 25%, P =.04). FLT3-ITD appeared to act as a major bad prognosis factor in patients with CEBPA-mutated AML. We thus propose a risk classification that includes in the favorable subgroup all patients from the intermediate subgroup displaying CEBPA mutations when not associated with FLT3-ITD.
Cloning, Expression, and Purification of Monoclonal Antibodies in scFv-Fc Format (2012)

This protocol describes the generation of monoclonal antibodies in single-chain variable fragment (scFv)-Fc format. It includes the cloning of the scFv-Fc expression cassette into a mammalian expression vector followed by transient transfection of mammalian cells and purification by protein A affinity chromatography. The protocol is intended for applications in basic and preclinical research that require rapid access to milligram amounts of protein.
Partition repositories for partition cloning - OS Independent Software Maintenance in Large Clusters of PCs (2000)

As a novel approach to software maintenance in large clusters of PCs requiring multiple OS installations we implemented partition cloning and partition repositories as well as a set of OS independent tools for software maintenance using entire partitions, thus providing a clean abstraction of all operating system configuration state. We identify the evolution of software installations (different releases) and the customization of installed systems (different machines) as two orthogonal axes. Using this analysis we devise partition repositories as an efficient, incremental storage scheme to maintain all necessary partition images for versatile, large clusters of PCs. We evaluate our approach with a release history of sample images used in the Patagonia multi-purpose clusters at ETH Zürich including several Linux, Windows NT and Oberon images. The study includes quantitative data that shows the viability of the OS independent approach of working with entire partitions and investigates some relevant tradeoffs: e.g., between difference granularity and compression block size. For a 2 GByte Windows NT partition our repository system enables the storage of nearly a dozen generational images or several dozens of customized images within the storage budget of twice the image size. The partitions can be replicated and transferred to a large number of PCs with our Dolly cloning tool. At present, our system is a modular university prototype based entirely on open source software, and most parts of it are in daily use to maintain our CoPs and Patagonia clusters at ETH.
Oxo vs Imido Alkylidene d<sup>0</sup>-Metal Species: How and Why Do They Differ in Structure, Activity, and Efficiency in Alkene Metathesis? (2012)

Density functional calculations have been carried out to analyze the origin of the differences in reactivity, selectivity, and stability toward deactivation in metathesis of d0 oxo alkylidene complexes vs their isoelectronic imido counterparts. DFT calculations show that the elementary steps and geometries of the extrema are similar for the oxo and imido complexes, but that the energy profiles are different, the greatest difference occurring for the deactivation pathway. For the alkene metathesis pathway, replacing the imido by an oxo ligand slightly lowers the energy barrier for alkene coordination but raises that for the [2+2]-cycloaddition and cycloreversion; it also destabilizes the trigonal bipyramidal (TBP) metallacyclobutane intermediate with respect to the separated reactants. The isomeric square-based pyramid (SP) metallacyclobutane is in general more stable, and its stability relative to the separated reactants is similar for oxo and imido systems. Consequently, the oxo complex is associated with a slightly larger energy difference between the lowest energy intermediate (SP or separated reactants) and the highest energy transition state (cycloreversion) than the imido complex, which accounts for a slightly lower activity. Changing the imido into an oxo ligand disfavors strongly the deactivation pathway by raising considerably the energy barrier of the β-H transfer at the SP metallacycle that begins the entry into the channel for deactivation and byproduct formation as well as that of the subsequent ethene insertion. This makes the oxo catalysts more selective and stable toward deactivation than the corresponding imido catalysts, when dimerization can be avoided.
Role of hydrophobic effect and surface charge in surfactant-DNA association. (1997)

Ethidium bromide is one of the best known DNA intercalator. Upon intercalation inside DNA, the fluorescence due to ethidium bromide gets enhanced by many orders of magnitude. In this paper, we employed ethidium bromide as a probe for studying surfactant-DNA complexation using fluorescence spectroscopy and agarose gel electrophoresis. Surfactants of different charge types and chain lengths were used and the results were compared with that of the related small organic cations or salts under comparable conditions. The cationic surfactants induced destabilization of the ethidium bromide-DNA complex at concentrations in orders of magnitude lower than that of the small organic cations or salts. In contrast however, the anionic surfactants failed to promote any such destabilization of probe-DNA complex. DNA loses its ethidium bromide stainability in the presence of high concentration of cationic surfactant aggregates as revealed from agarose gel electrophoresis experiments. Inclusion of surfactants and other additives into the DNA generally enhanced the DNA double-strand to single strand transition melting temperatures by a few degrees, in a concentration-dependent manner and at high surfactant concentration melting profiles got broadened.
Synthesis of nitrogen doped graphene from graphene oxide within an ammonia flame for high performance supercapacitors (2014)

This paper introduces a novel process for preparing nitrogen (N) doped graphene by using an ammonia flame treatment under ambient conditions, which is simple, effective, faster and economical. That is, when graphene oxide (GO) was treated in the ammonia flame, GO not only could be reduced to graphene, but also could be doped with nitrogen atoms simultaneously. Furthermore, due to the special atmosphere in the ammonia flame, the N-doped graphene exhibited differences from the N-doped graphene by using other processes, which indicated the special properties and potential applications. The experimental results revealed: (1) the N atom concentration was up to 3.97 at% in the N-doped graphene; (2) various nitrogen species including pyridinic-N, pyrrolic-N and quaternary-N were detected in the N-doped graphene; (3) the specific capacitance of the N-doped graphene was 246.4 F g−1 at a current density of 1 A g−1 with high cycle stability, which was about 2 times higher than that of regular graphene without N-doping. It was indicated that this N-doped graphene could be an excellent electrode material for supercapacitor applications.
Complex behavior specification for autonomous systems (2003)

The author focuses on one of the problems of design of an autonomous reactive system, namely, specification of its behavior with respect to often unpredictable changes occurring in the real world. Several behavior-oriented languages are briefly presented, and some formal relationships between two of them, process transition networks and statecharts, are given. The goal is to address the need for augmenting the behavior-based design paradigm with theoretical tools adequate for expressing complex behaviors of autonomous reactive systems pursuing high-level goals and applicable to both analysis and synthesis tasks for such systems. They also provide some basis and suggestions for further research on unifying classical and artificial-intelligence-based approach to this problem.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
The Box-Cox Transformation Technique: A Review (1992)

Box & Cox (1964) proposed a parametric power transformation technique in order to reduce anomalies such as non-additivity, non-normality and heteroscedasticity. Although the transformation has been extensively studied, no bibliography of the published research exists at present. An attempt is made here to review the work relating to this transformation.
The Suture Tension Adjustment Reel: A New Device for the Management of Skin Closure (1992)

The initial clinical experience with a new device, called the Suture Tension Adjustment Reel (STAR), is described. The historical precedence and rationale underlying linear tissue expansion is presented. Case reports illustrate the use of the STAR for preoperative tissue stretching, for intraoperative tissue stretching, and for tissue mobilization as applied to scalp reduction surgery. The multipurpose device is a safe, simple, and reliable adjunct to sutured surgery. It is of value in the general management of tensioned and nontensioned skin closures.
Genetic control of human alpha-1-antitrypsin. (1989)

Alpha-1-antitrypsin (AAT) is the predominant protease inhibitor in human sera. The major physiological role of this inhibitor is to protect elastin fibers in the alveolar structure of the lung from excessive degradation by neutrophil elastase. AAT is synthesized predominantly by hepatocytes, although the AAT gene is expressed to a small degree in the epithelial cells of various tissues. Recent studies have shown that the enhanced liver-specific expression of the AAT gene is controlled by the binding of hepatic nuclear proteins to specific DNA sequences upstream from the structural gene. A variety of mutations within the AAT gene have been identified that result in a partial deficiency or total absence of the inhibitor in sera. Inheritance of a particular combination of these alleles can result in a predisposition towards the development of destructive lung disease. Interestingly, the most common AAT deficiency variant, designated PiZ, causes the mutant protein to accumulate as an insoluble aggregate within the lumen of the hepatic rough endoplasmic reticulum, which is an etiological agent for the development of liver disease. Overall, investigation into the genetic control of AAT has led to an increased understanding of the factors that control hepatic gene expression, as well as mechanisms involved in the pathophysiology of emphysema and liver cirrhosis.
A Review of Behavioral Risk Research with Special Application to Developing Countries (2008)

Experimental economics grew out of a desire to produce more powerful tests of decision-making processes, as well as employ a more constructive methodology for generating new behavioral models. This paper studies the behavior regularities of individuals facing decisions involving risk or uncertainty, paying particular attention to the potential applications for production and policy behavior in developing countries. Risk is widely acknowledged as a defining problem of agrarian behavior. This overview provides a deeper understanding of the costs and impacts resulting from that risk.
Targeting phospshatidylinositol 3-kinase signaling with novel phosphatidylinositol 3,4,5-triphosphate antagonists (2011)

The critical role of phopshatidylinositol-3-kinase (PtdIns3K) signaling in the regulation of a wide range of cellular functions, including cell survival and proliferation, autophagy, metabolism and cell migration, is well recognized. Activation of PtdIns3K leads to the generation of phosphatidylinositol-3,4,5-triphosphate (PtdIns(3,4,5)P 3). PtdIns(3,4,5)P 3 activates a complex signaling network controlling these diverse cellular functions through binding to Pleckstrin Homology (PH) domains of the effector proteins. We have recently described a new structural class of nonphosphoinositide small molecule inhibitors targeting binding of PtdIns(3,4,5) P 3 to PH domain targets. Using an in vitro PtdIns(3,4,5)P 3-PH domain binding assay, we identified two distinct PtdIns(3,4,5)P 3 antagonists, PIT-1 and PIT-2. Further cellular analysis revealed that both PITs inhibit PtdIns(3,4,5) P 3-dependent signaling mediated by Akt kinase, leading to the induction of apoptosis, metabolic stress and autophagy. An improved PIT-1 analog, DM-PIT-1, displays significant anticancer activity in the mouse syngeneic 4T1 breast cancer model in vivo. Discovery of PITs as well as other PtdIns(3,4,5)P 3 antagonists recently described by other laboratories suggest the possibility of targeting a key universal PtdIns(3,4,5)P 3/PH domain binding step in the PtdIns3K pathway using heterologous small molecule modulators.
Intelligent location tracking strategy in PCS (2000)

An alternative strategy (AS) for reducing location update signalling load is proposed to improve the classical strategy (CS) used in the Global System for Mobile Communications (GSM). However, the AS is suitable only for long-term events and fixed movement tracks. Location tracking (paging) costs more when the mobile host (MH) changes movement habits or encounters short-term events. A novel method is proposed that aims to reduce signalling load resulting from location tracking in the above situations. The key idea is to take user recent movement information (called the paging information record) into account to determine which location area to page first. Performance evaluation has been conducted using a city area zone model that can model a realistic city area environment. Experimental results show that the method can reduce location management signalling costs by 14–55% and 6–39% compared to CS and AS, respectively. The overhead of the approach is the additional storage space required (for storing MH profiles and paging information records) and the additional processing time. However, the overhead is insignificant in terms of today's memory capacity and processor speed, and the reduction in signalling load makes more bandwidth available.
An Overview of the North Ward Estes CO2 Flood (1995)

Abstract A CO2 pattern flood was initiated in a west Texas (Permian Basin), sandstone reservoir as a tertiary recovery process in 1989. This paper is an overview of the development and management of the North Ward Estes CO2 Flood. The primary objective of managing the CO2 flood has been to maximize oil recovery for maximum profitability. This has been accomplished by maintaining a consistent water-alternating-gas (WAG) process, optimizing CO2 utilization, and maintaining a proper balance between patterns. Reservoir modeling, which is emphasized in this paper, has also been critical in the development and management of this flood.
Monocular pedestrian recognition using motion parallax (2008)

This paper presents a novel focus-of-attention strategy for monocular pedestrian recognition. It uses Bayespsila rule to estimate the posterior for the presence of a pedestrian in a certain (rectangular) image region, based on motion parallax features. This posterior is used as a parameter to control the amount of regions of interest (ROIs) that is passed to subsequent verification stages. For the latter, we use a state-of-the-art pedestrian recognition scheme which consists of multiple modules in a cascade architecture. We obtain optimized settings for the control parameters of the combined cascade system by a sequential ROC convex hull technique. Experiments are conducted on image data captured from a moving vehicle in an urban environment. We demonstrate that the proposed focus-of-attention strategy reduces the false positives of an otherwise identical monocular pedestrian recognition system by a factor of two, at equal detection rates. The overall system maintains processing rates close to real-time.
An architecture for distributed and flexible management of high-layer protocols and network services (2001)

This paper proposes an architecture for distributed management of high-layer protocols and network services. Based on the IETF Script MIB, the Trace architecture provides mechanisms for the delegation of management tasks to mid-level managers (MLMs), which interact with monitoring and action agents to have them executed. The paper introduces PTSL (Protocol Trace Specification Language), a graphical/textual language created to allow network managers to specify protocol traces. The specifications are used by mid-level managers to program the monitoring agents. Once programmed, these agents start to monitor the occurrence of the traces. The information obtained is analyzed by the mid-level managers, which may ask action agents for the execution of procedures (e.g. Perl scripts), making the automation of several management tasks possible.