gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
High Dynamic Range Imaging Concept-Based Signal Enhancement Method Reduced the Optical Coherence Tomography Measurement Variability (2013)

The HDR imaging successfully restored OCT signal and image quality and reduced RNFL thickness differences due to variable signal level to the level within the expected measurement variability. This technique can be applied to both TD- and SD-OCT images.
An auxiliary electrode mediated membrane-free redox electrochemical cell for energy storage (2019)

Membrane-free redox cell with no mass transfer between anode and cathode chambers.
Quadrature Projection Complex Conjugate Resolved Fourier Domain Optical Coherence Tomography For Real Time Full Depth Imaging (2006)

Get PDF Email Share Share with Facebook Tweet This Post on reddit Share with LinkedIn Add to CiteULike Add to Mendeley Add to BibSonomy Get Citation Copy Citation Text M. V. Sarunic, B. E. Applegate, and J. A. Izatt, "Quadrature Projection Complex Conjugate Resolved Fourier Domain Optical Coherence Tomography For Real Time Full Depth Imaging," in Biomedical Optics, Technical Digest (CD) (Optica Publishing Group, 2006), paper WC8. Export Citation BibTex Endnote (RIS) HTML Plain Text Citation alert Save article
Continuous Measurement of Interactions with the Physical World with a Wrist-Worn Backscatter Reader (2020)

Recent years have seen exciting developments in the use of RFID tags as sensors to enable a range of applications including home automation, health and wellness, and augmented reality. However, widespread use of RFIDs as sensors requires significant instrumentation to deploy tethered readers, which limits usability in mobile settings. Our solution is WearID, a low-power wrist-worn backscatter reader that bridges this gap and allows ubiquitous sensing of interaction with tagged objects. Our end-to-end design includes innovations in hardware architecture to reduce power consumption and deal with wrist attenuation and blockage, as well as signal processing architecture to reliably detect grasping, touching, and other hand-based interactions. We show via exhaustive characterization that WearID is roughly 6× more power efficient than state-of-art commercial readers, provides 3D coverage of 30 to 50 cm around the wrist despite body blockage, and can be used to reliably detect hand-based interactions. We also open source the design of WearID with the hope that this can enable a range of new and unexplored applications of wearables.
Regression-based algorithm for bulk motion subtraction in optical coherence tomography angiography (2017)

We developed an algorithm to remove decorrelation noise due to bulk motion in optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA) of the posterior eye. In this algorithm, OCTA B-frames were divided into segments within which the bulk motion velocity could be assumed to be constant. This velocity was recovered using linear regression of decorrelation versus the logarithm of reflectance in axial lines (A-lines) identified as bulk tissue by percentile analysis. The fitting parameters were used to calculate a reflectance-adjusted upper bound threshold for bulk motion decorrelation. Below this threshold, voxels are identified as non-flow tissue, their flow values are set to zeros. Above this threshold, the voxels are identified as flow voxels and bulk motion velocity is subtracted from each using a nonlinear decorrelation-velocity relationship previously established in laboratory flow phantoms. Compared to the simpler median-subtraction method, the regression-based bulk motion subtraction improved angiogram signal-to-noise ratio, contrast, vessel density repeatability, and bulk motion noise cleanup in the foveal avascular zone, while preserving the connectivity of the vascular networks in the angiogram.
A Single Transducer Transaxial Compression Technique for the Estimation of Sound Speed in Biological Tissues (1991)

In this paper we report an extension to the TACT method for the estimation of sound speed with a single transducer to any depth. This method is based on the hypothesis that the displacement of the tissue caused by transaxial compression follows a theoretical function which we derive analytically. In this method, as in the original TACT, a transducer imparts an accurate transaxial compression to the tissue, and the corresponding change in the arrival time of an echo at a range of interest is measured. This procedure results in a biased speed estimate whose value is range dependent. The theoretical function is fitted to the experimental estimates, from which the unbiased sound speed is then computed.
Cell growth and death rates as factors in the long‐term performance, modeling, and design of immobilized cell reactors (1990)

The viable fraction of immobilized cells in a bioreactor may be critical in predicting long-term or steady-state reactor performance. The assumption of near 100% viable cells in a bioreactor may not be valid for portions of immobilized cell reactors (ICRs) characterized by conditions resulting in appreciable death rates. A mathematical model of an adsorbed cell type ICR is presented in which a steady-state viable cell fraction is predicted, based on the assumptions of no cell accumulation in the reactor and a random loss of cells from the reactor. Data on cell death rates, cell growth rates, and productivity rates as functions of temperature, substrate, and ethanol concentration for the lactose utilizing yeast K. fragillis were incorporated into this model. The steady-state reactor viable cell fraction as predicted by this model is a strong function of both temperature and ethanol concentration. For example, a stable 20% viable fraction of the immobilized cells is predicted in ICR locations experiencing continuous conditions of either 30 g/L ethanol at 40 degrees C, or 95 g/L ethanol at 25 degrees C. Steady-state ICR "plug flow" concentration profiles and column productivities are predicted at three operating temperatures, 20, 30, and 40 degrees C using two different models for ethanol inhibition of productivity. These profiles suggest that the reactor operating temperature should be low if higher outlet ethanol concentrations are desired. Three reactor design strategies are presented to maximize the viable cell fraction and improve long-term ethanol productivity in ICR's: (1) reducing outlet ethanol concentrations, (2) rotating segments of an ICR between high and low ethanol environments, and (3) simultaneous removal of the ethanol produced from the reactor as it is formed.
Evidence for in vivo nicotine-induced alveolar interstitial fibroblast-to-myofibroblast transdifferentiation (2010)

Nicotine exposure alters normal homeostatic pulmonary epithelial-mesenchymal paracrine signaling pathways, resulting in alveolar interstitial fibroblast (AIF)-to-myofibroblast (MYF) transdifferentiation. Though this has been described under in vitro conditions, it is not known if the same phenomenon also takes place in vivo. A well-established rodent model of lung damage following perinatal nicotine exposure was used. By probing for the well-established markers of fibroblast differentiation (parathyroid hormone-related protein [PTHrP], peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma [PPARgamma], adipocyte differentiation-related protein, alpha-smooth muscle actin, and fibronectin) at the mRNA, protein, and tissue levels, the authors provide the first in vivo evidence for nicotine-induced AIF-to-MYF transdifferentiation. In addition, these data also provide the first evidence for nicotine-induced up-regulation of Wnt signaling, accompanying the down-regulation of PTHrP/PPARgamma signaling in vivo following nicotine exposure during pregnancy. These data provide an integrated mechanism for in utero nicotine-induced lung damage and how it could permanently alter the "developmental program" of the developing lung by disrupting critically important epithelial-mesenchymal interactions. More importantly, these data are likely to provide specific interventions to augment the pulmonary mesenchymal lipogenic pathway to ameliorate nicotine-induced in utero lung injury.
<title>Vibration suppression of fixed-time jib crane maneuvers</title> (1995)

A jib crane consists of a pendulum-like end line attached to a rotatable jib. Within this general category of cranes there exist devices with multiple degrees of freedom including variable load-line length and variable jib length. These cranes are commonly used for construction and transportation applications. Point-to-point payload maneuvers using jib cranes are performed so as not to excite the spherical pendulum modes of their cable and payload assemblies. Typically, these pendulum modes, although time-varying, exhibit low frequencies. The resulting maneuvers are therefore performed slowly, contributing to high construction and transportation costs. The crane considered here consists of a spherical pendulum attached to a rigid jib. The other end of the jib is attached to a direct drive motor of generating rotational motion. A general approach is presented for determining the open-loop trajectories for the jib rotation for accomplishing fixed-time, point-to-point, residual oscillation free, symmetric maneuvers. These residual oscillation free trajectories purposely excite the pendulum modes in such a way that at the end of the maneuver the oscillatory degrees of freedom are quiescent. Simulation results are presented with experimental verification.
Some factors affecting the efficacy of oviduct tissue-conditioned medium for the culture of early bovine embryos (1991)

Oviduct tissue-conditioned medium was evaluated for the culture of IVM-IVF bovine zygotes to the compact morula (cM) and blastocyst (BL) stages. Development was unaffected (P greater than 0.50) by freezing and thawing of conditioned medium: no. cM + BL/no. cleaved ova obtained after culture in nonfrozen, frozen-thawed, and control treatments were 31/148 (21%), 26/124 (21%) and 5/86 (6%), respectively. The greatest proportion of normal development was obtained after a conditioning period of 48 h (P less than 0.05): no. of cM + BL/no. cleaved ova in media conditioned for 5, 24, 48 and 96 h were 23/114 (20%), 38/112 (34%), 43/115 (37%) and 36/125 (29%), respectively. Development declined with increasing dilutions of conditioned media (P less than 0.005): no. cM + BL/no. cleaved ova for 100, 75, 50, 25 and 0% conditioned medium were 32/94 (34%), 29/94 (31%), 17/82 (21%), 10/94 (11%) and 11/73 (15%), respectively. The oestrous cycle stage from which oviducal tissue was obtained did not affect development (P greater than 0.75); no. cM + BL/no. cleaved ova was 21/63 (33%) at oestrus and 21/79 (27%) in the luteal phase.
Convergent Ca <sup>2+</sup> and Zn <sup>2+</sup> signaling regulates apoptotic Kv2.1 K <sup>+</sup> currents (2013)

A simultaneous increase in cytosolic Zn(2+) and Ca(2+) accompanies the initiation of neuronal cell death signaling cascades. However, the molecular convergence points of cellular processes activated by these cations are poorly understood. Here, we show that Ca(2+)-dependent activation of Ca(2+)/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II (CaMKII) is required for a cell death-enabling process previously shown to also depend on Zn(2+). We have reported that oxidant-induced intraneuronal Zn(2+) liberation triggers a syntaxin-dependent incorporation of Kv2.1 voltage-gated potassium channels into the plasma membrane. This channel insertion can be detected as a marked enhancement of delayed rectifier K(+) currents in voltage clamp measurements observed at least 3 h following a short exposure to an apoptogenic stimulus. This current increase is the process responsible for the cytoplasmic loss of K(+) that enables protease and nuclease activation during apoptosis. In the present study, we demonstrate that an oxidative stimulus also promotes intracellular Ca(2+) release and activation of CaMKII, which, in turn, modulates the ability of syntaxin to interact with Kv2.1. Pharmacological or molecular inhibition of CaMKII prevents the K(+) current enhancement observed following oxidative injury and, importantly, significantly increases neuronal viability. These findings reveal a previously unrecognized cooperative convergence of Ca(2+)- and Zn(2+)-mediated injurious signaling pathways, providing a potentially unique target for therapeutic intervention in neurodegenerative conditions associated with oxidative stress.
The effect of an adjacent viscous fluid on the transmission of torsional stress waves in a submerged waveguide (1991)

The effects of an adjacent fluid’s viscosity and density on the characteristics of torsional stress waves transmitted in a waveguide with a circular cross section are studied theoretically and experimentally. Expressions for the torsional wave speed, dispersion relations, and attenuation are obtained as functions of the adjacent fluid’s viscosity and density. The theoretical results are compared with experimental observations. It is demonstrated that a device similar to the one described herein can be used as a rugged, real-time, on-line sensor for measuring the viscosity of a fluid with a known density. Such a sensor can measure the viscosity of fluids with a density viscosity product (ρfμ) greater than 100 kg2/m4 s to a precision of 1% or better.
Metameric interference security image structures (2008)

We study innovative interference security image structures based on metamerism. We have designed, fabricated, and evaluated different structures that can be used in transmission or in reflection. These metameric structures are either a combination of two different interference filters or of an interference filter and a noniridescent colored material. In the latter case, by closely matching the spectra, the sensitivity of the device to changes in light sources and observers is minimized. Because of the intrinsic color shift of interference filters, one can create a hidden image that appears at a specific observation angle. The presence of the hidden image, as well as in some cases of the noniridescent material, which serves as a color reference, increases the complexity of such devices while facilitating the user's authentication process as well as automatized detection by using a laser at a specific angle. We present the design approach, analyze the filters' sensitivity to deposition errors, and evaluate the performance of prototype devices prepared by dual ion beam sputtering.
A Cryo-Cooled Scanning SQUID Microscope for Imaging High-Frequency Magnetic Fields (2010)

One important application of scanning SQUID microscopes is fault detection in integrated circuits and multi-chip modules. However, the present generation of computer processors operate at over 1 GHz, well above the bandwidth of the present generation of SQUID microscopes. Towards this end, we present results on a cryo-cooled 4.2 K scanning SQUID microscope with a bandwidth of dc to 2 GHz and a sensitivity of about 50 nT per sample. We use a thin-film hysteretic Nb dc-SQUID and a pulsed sampling technique, rather than a non-hysteretic SQUID and a flux-locked loop, to overcome the bandwidth limitation of existing scanning SQUID microscopes. The microscope allows for non-contact images of time-varying magnetic field to be taken of room-temperature samples with time steps down to 50 ps and spatial resolution ultimately limited by the size of the SQUID. We present time-varying magnetic field images obtained with this scanning SQUID microscope and discuss the advantages and limitations of this method.
Practical private-key fully homomorphic encryption in rings (2018)

Abstract We describe a practical fully homomorphic encryption (FHE) scheme based on homomorphisms between rings and show that it enables very efficient computation on encrypted data. Our encryption though is private-key; public information is only used to operate on encrypted data without decrypting it. Still, we show that our method allows for a third party search on encrypted data.
Defending Against Device Theft with Human Notarization (2014)

People increasingly rely on mobile phones for storing sensitive information and credentials for access to services. Because these devices are vulnerable to theft, security of this data is put at higher risk - once the attacker is in physical possession of the device, recovering these credentials and
Purification and Characterization of New Trehalose-producing Enzymes Isolated from the Hyperthermophilic Archae,<i>Sulfolobus solfataricus</i>KM1 (1996)

Amylolytic activity that converts soluble starch to alpha, alpha-trehalose (trehalose), was found in the cell homogenate of the hyperthermophilic acidophilic archae, Sulfolobus solfataricus KM1. DEAE chromatography of the homogenate as well as other new reliable assay methods showed two enzymes to be essential for this activity. These enzymes, a glycosyltransferase and an amylase, were purified to homogeneity and characterized. Their molecular masses were 76 kDa and 61 kDa and activities were maximal at 70-80 degrees C and 70-85 degrees C, respectively. High thermostability was noted for each. The reaction products by the two enzymes on maltooligosaccharides were identified by 1H- and 13C-NMR spectra and HPLC analysis. The cooperative mechanism of the two enzymes was used in a new enzymatic pathway for trehalose synthesis from starch.
Recognition of multilingual speech in mobile applications (2012)

We evaluate different architectures to recognize multilingual speech for real-time mobile applications. In particular, we show that combining the results of several recognizers greatly outperforms other solutions such as training a single large multilingual system or using an explicit language identification system to select the appropriate recognizer. Experiments are conducted on a trilingual English-French-Mandarin mobile speech task. The data set includes Google searches, Maps queries, as well as more general inputs such as email and short message dictation. Without pre-specifying the input language, the combined system achieves comparable accuracy to that of the monolingual systems when the input language is known. The combined system is also roughly 5% absolute better than an explicit language identification approach, and 10% better than a single large multilingual system.
Lung Imaging and Computer Aided Diagnosis (2011)

A Novel Three-Dimensional Framework for Automatic Lung Segmentation from Low- Dose Computed Tomography Images Ayman El-Baz, Georgy Gimel'farb, Robert Falk, and Mohamed Abo El-Ghar Incremental Engineering of Lung Segmentation Systems Avishkar Misra, Arcot Sowmya, and Paul Compton 3D MGRF-Based Appearance Modeling for Robust Segmentation of Pulmonary Nodules in 3D LDCT Chest Images Ayman El-Baz, Georgy Gimel'farb, Robert Falk, and Mohamed Abo El-Ghar Ground-Glass Nodule Characterization in High-Resolution Computed Tomography Scans Kazunori Okada Four-Dimensional Computed Tomography Lung Registration Methods Anand P. Santhanam, Yugang Min, Jannick P. Rolland, Celina Imielinska, and Patrick A. Kupelian Pulmonary Kinematics via Registration of Serial Lung Images Tessa Cook, Gang Song, Nicholas J. Tustison, Drew Torigian, Warren B. Gefter, and James Gee Acquisition and Automated Analysis of Normal and Pathological Lungs in Small Animals Using Computed Microtomography Xabier Artaechevarria, Mario Ceresa, Arrate Munoz- Barrutia, and Carlos Ortiz-de- Solorzano Airway Segmentation and Analysis from Computed Tomography Benjamin Irving, Andrew Todd-Pokropek, and Paul Taylor Pulmonary Vessel Segmentation for Multislice CT Data: Methods and Applications Jens N. Kaftan and Til Aach A Novel Level Set-Based Computer-Aided Detection System for Automatic Detection of Lung Nodules in Low-Dose Chest Computed Tomography Scans Ayman El-Baz, Aly Farag, Georgy Gimel'farb, Robert Falk, and Mohamed Abo El-Ghar Model-Based Methods for Detection of Pulmonary Nodules Paulo R. S. Mendonca, Rahul Bhotika, and Robert Kaucic Concept and Practice of Genetic Algorithm Template Matching and Higher Order Local Autocorrelation Schemes in Automated Detection of Lung Nodules Yongbum Lee, Takeshi Hara, DuYih Tsai, and Hiroshi Fujita Computer-Aided Detection of Lung Nodules in Chest Radiographs and Thoracic CT Kenji Suzuki Lung Nodule and Tumor Detection and Segmentation Jinghao Zhou and Dimitris N. Metaxas Texture Classification in Pulmonary CT Lauge Sorensen, Mehrdad J. Gangeh, Saher B. Shaker, and Marleen de Bruijne Computer-Aided Assessment and Stenting of Tracheal Stenosis Romulo Pinho, Kurt G. Tournoy, and Jan Sijbers Appearance Analysis for the Early Assessment of Detected Lung Nodules Ayman El-Baz, Georgy Gimel'farb, Robert Falk, Mohamed Abo El-Ghar, and Jasjit Suri Validation of a New Image-Based Approach for the Accurate Estimating of the Growth Rate of Detected Lung Nodules Using Real Computed Tomography Images and Elastic Phantoms Generated by State-of-the-Art Microfluidics Technology Ayman El-Baz, Palaniappan Sethu, Georgy Gimel'farb, Fahmi Khalifa, Ahmed Elnakib, Robert Falk, Mohamed Abo El-Ghar, and Jasjit Suri Three-Dimensional Shape Analysis Using Spherical Harmonics for Early Assessment of Detected Lung Nodules Ayman El-Baz, Matthew Nitzken, Georgy Gimel'farb, Eric Van Bogaert, Robert Falk, Mohamed Abo El-Ghar, and Jasjit Suri Index
Rheological Study of Comingled Biomass and Coal Slurries with Hydrothermal Pretreatment<sup>†</sup> (2009)

Gasification of comingled biomass and coal feedstock is an effective means of reducing the net life cycle greenhouse gas emissions in the coal gasification process while maintaining its inherent benefits of abundance and high-energy density. However, feeding a comingled biomass and coal feedstock into a pressurized gasification reactor poses a technical problem. Conventional dry feeding systems, such as lock hoppers and pressurized pneumatic transport, are complex and operationally expensive. A slurry formation of comingled biomass and coal feedstock can be easily fed into the gasification reactor but, in normal conditions, only allows for a small portion of biomass in the mixture. This is a consequence of the hydroscopic and hydrophilic nature of the biomass. The College of Engineering Center for Environmental Research and Technology (CE-CERT) at the University of California, Riverside, has developed a process producing high solid content biomass−water slurry using a hydrothermal pretreatment process. In this paper, the systematic investigation of the rheological properties (e.g., shear rate, shear stress, and viscosity) of coal−water slurries, biomass−water slurries, and comingled biomass and coal−water slurries is reported. The solid particle size distribution in the slurry and the initial solid/water ratio were investigated to determine the impact on shear rate and viscosity. This was determined using a rotational rheometer. The experimental results show that larger particle size offers better pumpability. The presence of a high percentage of biomass in solid form significantly decreases slurry pumpability. It is also shown that the solid loading of the biomass−water slurry can be increased to approximately 35 wt % with viscosity of less than 0.7 Pa·s after the pretreatment process. The solid loading increased to approximately 45 wt % when the biomass is comingled with coal.
Atmospheric turbulence mitigation in an OAM-based MIMO free-space optical link using spatial diversity combined with MIMO equalization (2016)

We explore the mitigation of atmospheric turbulence effects for orbital angular momentum (OAM)-based free-space optical (FSO) communications with multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) architecture. Such a system employs multiple spatially separated aperture elements at the transmitter/receiver, and each transmitter aperture contains multiplexed data-carrying OAM beams. We propose to use spatial diversity combined with MIMO equalization to mitigate both weak and strong turbulence distortions. In a 2×2 FSO link with each transmitter aperture containing two multiplexed OAM modes of ℓ=+1 and ℓ=+3, we experimentally show that at least two OAM data channels could be recovered under both weak and strong turbulence distortions using selection diversity assisted with MIMO equalization.