gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A circuit design of intelligent cache DRAM with automatic write-back capability (1991)

An intelligent cache based on a distributed architecture that consists of a hierarchy of three memory sections-DRAM (dynamic RAM), SRAM (static RAM), and CAM (content addressable memory) as an on-chip tag-is reported. The test device of the memory core is fabricated in a 0.6 mu m double-metal CMOS standard DRAM process, and the CAM matrix and control logic are embedded in the array. The array architecture can be applied to 16-Mb DRAM with less than 12% of the chip overhead. In addition to the tag, the array embedded CAM matrix supports a write-back function that provides a short read/write cycle time. The cache DRAM also has pin compatibility with address nonmultiplexed memories. By achieving a reasonable hit ratio (90%), this cache DRAM provides a high-performance intelligent main memory with a 12 ns(hit)/34 ns(average) cycle time and 55 mA (at 25 MHz) operating current.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Herpes Simplex Amplicon Vectors (2003)

The key fundamental problem for effective gene therapy remains gene delivery. Gene therapy has achieved some modest success in animal and human experiments (, , , , , , ). However, effective gene delivery remains the chief obstacle. Herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) vectors offer several improvements over other established viral vectors including a larger DNA carrying capacity, wide tropism, high-transduction efficiency, and the potential to establish latency. HSV-1 vectors can efficiently transfer genes in vivo (,, , , ) to a variety of cell types including muscle, neural, and tumor cells (,,, , , , , ). Two basic designs of HSV vectors, replication defective and amplicon, are under development (,,, , , , ). Plasmids with an HSV-1 lytic replication origins (ori S) and terminal packaging signal sequences, can be amplified and packaged into infectious HSV-1 virions in the presence of transacting helper virus (,, ,). This plasmid system permits easier cloning and carries genomic information between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells as a shuttle vector (). The amplicon systems retain the merits of HSV-1 vectors including high efficiency of gene transfer in vitro and in vivo, wide range of host and neurotropism, but viral stocks tend to have lower titers and production is time consuming (,, , , , ). Furthermore, amplicon systems can package large DNA fragments (>15 kb) efficiently. These properties make HSV amplicon vectors useful tools for a number of applications especially cancer therapy.
Time-frequency analysis of heart sound signals based on Hilbert-Huang Transformation (2012)

In this study, a method based on Hilbert-Huang Transformation (HHT) for time-frequency analysis of heart sound signals is presented. HHT is employed because most biomedical signals such as Electroencephalogram (EEG), Electrocardiogram (ECG) and heart sound signals are non-stationary signals. Heart sound signals recordings are often contaminated with the spike noise caused by the front-end circuits or measurement instruments in the real situations. A digital median filter is firstly employed to remove the spike noise of the heart sound signals. Then, the time series data are decomposed into several IMFs (Intrinsic Mode Function) using Empirical Mode Decomposition (EMD) algorithm. Hilbert transformation algorithm is utilized to acquire the instantaneous frequency for every IMF. Simulation results show that time-frequency domain analysis of heart sounds signals based on HHT algorithm is able to offer higher frequency resolution.
Conducting blends obtained from maleic acid/dodecylhydrogensulfate‐doped polyaniline and polyvinyl chloride by solution processing (2006)

Abstract Solution processible polyaniline, obtained by our newly developed method via emulsion polymerization in the presence of maleic acid and sodium lauryl sulfate with benzoyl peroxide as the oxidizing/polymerizing agent, has been used for the fabrication of conductive blends with poly(vinyl chloride) (PVC), covering the conductivity range from 10 −5 to 5 × 10 −3 S/cm and showing the percolation threshold for the electrical conductivity f p = 0.039. The fabricated blends combine good mechanical properties with enhanced electrical conductivity, since up to conducting phase content f = 0.231, their mechanical properties remain essentially the same and characteristic of pure PVC. Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) measurements show a single glass‐transition temperature ( T g ) increasing with growing content of the rigid conductive phase in the blend. This effect can be taken as an evidence of good miscibility of both components of the blend with phase separation at a submicrometric level. The latter has been confirmed by scanning electron microscopy studies showing a necklace‐like morphology which assures the continuity of the conductive phase. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 103: 1113–1119, 2007
Self-Raman Nd:YVO<sub>4</sub>laser and electro-optic technology for space-based sodium lidar instrument (2014)

We are developing a laser and electro-optic technology to remotely measure Sodium (Na) by adapting existing lidar technology with space flight heritage. The developed instrumentation will serve as the core for the planning of an Heliophysics mission targeted to study the composition and dynamics of Earth’s mesosphere based on a spaceborne lidar that will measure the mesospheric Na layer. We present performance results from our diode-pumped tunable Q-switched self-Raman c-cut Nd:YVO4 laser with intra-cavity frequency doubling that produces multi-watt 589 nm wavelength output. The c-cut Nd:YVO4 laser has a fundamental wavelength that is tunable from 1063-1067 nm. A CW External Cavity diode laser is used as a injection seeder to provide single-frequency grating tunable output around 1066 nm. The injection-seeded self-Raman shifted Nd:VO4 laser is tuned across the sodium vapor D2 line at 589 nm. We will review technologies that provide strong leverage for the sodium lidar laser system with strong heritage from the Ice Cloud and Land Elevation Satellite-2 (ICESat-2) Advanced Topographic Laser Altimeter System (ATLAS). These include a space-qualified frequency-doubled 9W @ 532 nm wavelength Nd:YVO4 laser, a tandem interference filter temperature-stabilized fused-silica-etalon receiver and high-bandwidth photon-counting detectors.
Double Synchronous Unified Virtual Oscillator Control for Asymmetrical Fault Ride-Through in Grid-Forming Voltage Source Converters (2021)

A double synchronous unified virtual oscillator controller (dsUVOC) is proposed for grid-forming voltage source converters to achieve synchronization to the fundamental frequency positive- and negative-sequence components of unbalanced or distorted grids. The proposed controller leverages a positive- and a negative-sequence virtual oscillator, a double-sequence current reference generator, and a double-sequence vector limiter. Under fault conditions, the controller enables to clamp the converter output current below the maximum value limited by the converter hardware while retaining synchronization without a phase-locked-loop (PLL) regardless of the balanced or unbalanced nature of grid faults. Consequently, balanced and unbalanced fault ride-through can be achieved without the need for switching to a back-up controller. The paper presents the systematic development of the double-synchronous structure along with detail design and implementation guidelines. Validation of the proposed controller is provided through extensive control-hardware-in-the-loop (CHIL) experiments.
Development of a multi &#x2014; Electrode electrical stimulation device to improve chronic wound healing (2009)

A new device has been developed for the application of Electrical Stimulation to improve healing of chronic wounds. The device enables the creation of a composite electrode hence matching the electrode(s) to the size and shape of the wound. Up to 49 electrodes in an array can be combined, delivering High Voltage Pulsed Current (HVPC) in the range 60-120 Hz with a pulse duration range from 90-110 mus and the possibility of treating the patient with direct current instead of HVPC. In addition, the software can import the measurements from the ImpediMap device, analysing the electrical impedance of the tissues involved. A test on healthy volunteers did not prove a statistically significant rise in skin temperature, TcPO2 or impedance due to the stimulation, even though a slight reddening of the stimulated site was observed.
Leptin, Immune Responses and Autoimmune Disease. Perspectives on the Use of Leptin Antagonists (2005)

The pivotal role of leptin in regulating body weight and energy homeostasis is very well established. More recently, leptin also emerged as an important regulator of T-cell-dependent immunity. Reduced leptin levels, as observed during periods of starvation, correlate with an impaired cellular immune response, whereby especially the TH1 proinflammatory immune response appears to be affected. Physiologically, this could reflect the high energy demand of such processes, which are suppressed in animals or people with nutrient shortage. Several autoimmune diseases are TH1 T-cell dependent. In line with a pro-inflammatory role for leptin, animal models of leptin deficiency are markedly resistant to a variety of T-cell dependent autoimmune diseases. Here, we review the role of leptin in immune responses, with emphasis on autoimmune diseases. The design and potential use of leptin antagonists is also discussed. Keywords: cytokine, immune system, infectious diseases, natural killer (nk) cells
Dual temperature sensors with different emissivities in radiosondes for the compensation of solar irradiation effects with varying air pressure (2017)

ABSTRACT One of the challenges in temperature measurements in the upper air using a radiosonde is the correction of solar radiation effects. A prerequisite for the correction is in situ measurements of solar radiation. In this study, a new technique for the measurement of solar irradiation followed by the temperature correction was developed using dual temperature sensors with different emissivities. The principle is that the radiation intensity is calculated by using the temperature difference between two thermistors coated with different materials (one with graphite and the other with aluminium) and then the irradiance obtained is used for the correction. As a first stage, the effect of air pressure on the temperature correction process using dual thermistors was examined. The temperature difference between the two sensors was found to be linearly proportional only to the irradiance up to 360 W m −2 , regardless of air pressure from 10 to 1000 hPa at room temperature. This provides a way to calculate the irradiance by simply measuring the temperature difference between the two sensors. The calculated irradiance showed a difference of less than 45 W m −2 (13% of the maximum irradiance) compared to the irradiance measured with a calibrated pyranometer. The extended uncertainty of the calculated irradiance was 53.5 W m −2 (coverage factor k = 2). A reference temperature sensor in the shade was used to obtain a correction formula as a function of air pressure and calculated irradiance. When the temperature was corrected using the calculated irradiance, the extended uncertainty of the corrected temperature was 0.98 K ( k = 2).
Suppression of CINNAMOYL-CoA REDUCTASE increases the level of monolignol ferulates incorporated into maize lignins (2017)

Together, increased monolignol ferulates and improved digestibility in <i>ccr1</i> mutant plants suggests that they may be superior biofuel crops.
Potent, long-acting bradykinin antagonists for a wide range of applications (1997)

Actions of bradykinin (Arg-Pro-Pro-Gly-Phe-Ser-Pro-Phe-Arg; BK) are mediated by constitutively expressed B2 receptors (which require the full BK peptide chain) and by B1 receptors (which require BK (1-8) as ligand) that are induced in inflammation. BK has many functions in normal and pathological physiology, including initiation of most, if not all, inflammation. BK also evidently functions as an autocrine stimulant for growth of small cell lung cancer (SCLC). A new group of BK antagonists containing the novel amino acid alpha-(2-indanyl)glycine (Igl) provides both broad-spectrum and selective antagonists for all these functions. As examples, D-Arg-Arg-Pro-Hyp-Gly-Igl-Ser-D-Igl-Oic-Arg (B9430) is an extremely potent and long-acting antagonist of both B1 and B2 receptors, is stable against endogeneous kininase enzymes, and is active in various in vivo models, including by intragastric administration. Acylation of B9430 with dehydroquinuclidine-2-carboxylic acid (Dhq) gives B9562, a highly selective B2 antagonist. In contrast, Lys-Lys-Arg-Pro-Hyp-Gly-Igl-Ser-D-Igl-Oic (B9858) is a highly potent and selective B1 antagonist. The dimer of B9430 linked at the amino terminus with suberimide is a potent selectively cytotoxic agent for SCLC cells. Results with these peptides suggest that a new generation of antiinflammatory and anticancer drugs may be at hand.
3D Stack Integrated Triboelectric Nanogenerator for Harvesting Vibration Energy (2014)

The applications of a single‐layer triboelectric nanogenerator (TENG) may be challenged by its lower output current, and a possible solution is to use three‐dimensional (3D) integrated multilayered TENGs. However, the most important point is to synchronize the outputs of all the TENGs so that the instantaneous output power can be maximized. Here, a multi‐layered stacked TENG is reported as a cost‐effective, simple, and robust approach for harvesting ambient vibration energy. With superior synchronization, the 3D‐TENG produces a short‐circuit current as high as 1.14 mA, and an open‐circuit voltage up to 303 V with a remarkable peak power density of 104.6 W m −2 . As a direct power source, it is capable of simultaneously lighting up 20 spot lights (0.6 W ea.) as well as a white G16 globe light. Furthermore, compared with the state‐of‐the‐art vibration energy harvesters, the 3D‐TENG has an extremely wide working bandwidth up to 36 Hz in low frequency range. In addition, with specific dimensional design, the 3D‐TENG is successfully equipped inside a ball with a diameter of 3 inches, using which 32 commercial LEDs are simultaneously lighted up via hand shaking, exhibiting great potential of scavenging the abundant but wasted kinetic energy when people play basketball, football, baseball, and so on.
Mining mutually dependent patterns for system management (2002)

In some domains, such as isolating problems in computer networks and discovering stock market irregularities, there is more interest in patterns consisting of infrequent, but highly correlated items rather than patterns that occur frequently (as defined by minsup, the minimum support level). We describe m-pattern, a new pattern that is defined in terms of minp, the minimum probability of mutual dependence of items in the pattern. We show that all infrequent m-pattern can be discovered by an efficient algorithm that makes use of: (1) a linear algorithm to qualify an m-pattern; (2) an effective technique for candidate pruning based on a necessary condition for the presence of an m-pattern; and (3) a level-wise search for m-pattern discovery (which is possible because m-patterns are downward closed). Further, we consider frequent m-patterns, which are defined in terms of both minp and minsup. Using synthetic data, we study the scalability of our algorithm. Then, we apply our algorithm to data from a production computer network both to show the m-patterns present and to contrast with frequent patterns. We show that when minp=0, our algorithm is equivalent to finding frequent patterns. However, with a larger minp, our algorithm yields a modest number of highly correlated items, which makes it possible to mine for infrequent but highly correlated itemsets. To date, many actionable m-patterns have been discovered in production systems.
Design of a 2.5-kW 400/12-V High-Efficiency DC/DC Converter Using a Novel Synchronous Rectification Control for Electric Vehicles (2015)

This paper proposes the design of a 2.5-kW 400/12 V high-efficiency isolated dc/dc converter for electric vehicles. The designed system accommodates the wide-range input voltage (450 V-220 VDC) and output voltage (16 V-6 VDC). An LLC halfbridge topology is adopted as the primary side of the dc/dc converter. For the secondary side, a novel synchronous rectification control (SRC) strategy is developed to switch metal oxide semiconductor field effect transistors (MOSFETs) through accurately tracking the target switching moments. Experimental results were carried out to charge the on-board 12-V battery and validate the proposed control algorithm. The maximum system efficiency is 93.2%. System power loss is also itemized.
Novel Lipoglycopeptides as Inhibitors of Bacterial Signal Peptidase I (2004)

Signal peptidase (SPase) I is responsible for the cleavage of signal peptides of many secreted proteins in bacteria. Because of its unique physiological and biochemical properties, it serves as a potential target for development of novel antibacterial agents. In this study, we report the production, isolation, and structure determination of a family of structurally related novel lipoglycopeptides from a Streptomyces sp. as inhibitors of SPase I. Detailed spectroscopic analyses, including MS and NMR, revealed that these lipoglycopeptides share a common 14-membered cyclic peptide core, an acyclic tripeptide chain, and a deoxy-alpha-mannose sugar, but differ in the degree of oxidation of the N-methylphenylglycine residue and the length and branching of the fatty acyl chain. Biochemical analysis demonstrated that these peptides are potent and competitive inhibitors of SPase I with K(i) 50 to 158 nm. In addition, they showed modest antibacterial activity against a panel of pathogenic Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria with minimal inhibitory concentration of 8-64 microm against Streptococcus pneumonniae and 4-8 microm against Escherichia coli. Notably, they mechanistically blocked the protein secretion in whole cells as demonstrated by inhibiting beta-lactamase release from Staphylococcus aureus. Taken together, the present discovery of a family of novel lipoglycopeptides as potent inhibitors of bacterial SPase I may lead to the development of a novel class of broad-spectrum antibiotics.
Human Regulatory T Cells Kill Tumor Cells through Granzyme-Dependent Cytotoxicity upon Retargeting with a Bispecific Antibody (2013)

A major mechanism by which human regulatory T cells (T(regs)) have been shown to suppress and kill autologous immune cells is through the granzyme-perforin pathway. However, it is unknown whether T(regs) also possess the capacity to kill tumor cells using similar mechanisms. Bispecific antibodies (bscAbs) have emerged as a promising class of therapeutics that activate T cells against tumor antigens without the need for classical MHC-restricted TCR recognition. Here, we show that a bscAb targeting the tumor-specific mutation of the epidermal growth factor receptor, EGFRvIII, redirects human CD4(+)CD25(+)FoxP3(+) T(regs) to kill glioblastoma (GBM) cells. This activity was significantly abrogated by inhibitors of the granzyme-perforin pathway. Notably, analyses of human primary GBM also displayed diffuse infiltration of granzyme-expressing FoxP3(+) T cells. Together, these data suggest that despite their known suppressive functions, tumor-infiltrating T(regs) possess potent cytotoxic mechanisms that can be co-opted for efficient tumor cell lysis.
Excimer Laser Calibration System (1996)

This excimer laser calibration system can precisely detect laser-beam ablation profiles. The calibration system correctly predicted central islands after excimer photoablation in a treated monkey cornea and in two treated human subjects. Detection of excimer-laser-beam ablation profiles may be useful for precise calibration of excimer lasers before human photorefractive and therapeutic surgery.
A no-drift and less than 1×10/sup -13/ long-term stability quartz oscillator using a GPS SA filter (2002)

Recently the time-domain spectrum of the Global Positioning Satellite (GPS) Selective Availability (SA) modulation has been characterized. The continued growth of GPS, its utility, and the technology to receive and utilize the GPS signals have resulted in stable, multi-channel GPS timing receivers. These are now available from several vendors. Further, the GPS satellite constellation is essentially complete and has been declared operational, at least in its initial phase.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
In Situ Enrichment of Phosphopeptides on MALDI Plates Functionalized by Reactive Landing of Zirconium(IV)−<i>n</i>-Propoxide Ions (2007)

We report substantial in situ enrichment of phosphopeptides in peptide mixtures using zirconium oxide coated plates for detection by MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry. The novel feature of this approach rests on the specific preparation of zirconium oxide coatings using reactive landing on stainless steel support of gas-phase positive ions produced by electrospray of zirconium(IV)-n-propoxide solutions in 1-propanol. Reactive landing was found to produce durable functionalized surfaces for selective phosphopeptide capture and desorption-ionization by MALDI. Enrichment factors on the order of 20-90 were achieved for several monophosphorylated peptides relative to abundant nonphosphorylated peptides in tryptic digests. We demonstrate the ability of the zirconium oxide functionalized MALDI surfaces to facilitate detection of enriched phosphopeptides in mid-femtomole amounts of alpha-casein digests per MALDI spot.
DORMANCY INDUCTION IN PEPPER SEEDS WITH TETCYCLACIS (1992)

Seeds of six pepper ( Capsicum Anuum L.) cultivars were treated with tetcyclacis (TCY), an inhibitor of the oxidative steps from ent -kaurene to ent -kaurenoic acid in the gibberellin biosynthetic pathway. Seeds were soaked in TCY solutions for 24h in darkness at 25° to 30°C, washed with water and then air-dried. Various concentrations of TCY were needed to induce dormancy in `Yolo Wonder', `Cayenne', `California Wonder', `Sweet Banana', `El Paso' and `Anaheim'. TCY-treated seeds were germinated in water and in various concentrations of GA 4+7 in darkness. Dormancy induced by TCY was released with 10 μM GA 4+7 . The germination inhibitor, abscisic acid (ABA), failed to induce dormancy in pepper seeds even when treated at a concentration of 400 μM for up to 14 d. Similar results were obtained with tomato seeds and will be reported elsewhere. The results indicate that the absence or the unavailability of GA rather than the presence of ABA determines the dormant state in pepper seeds.