gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Biodegradable DNA Nanoparticles that Provide Widespread Gene Delivery in the Brain (2015)

Successful gene therapy of neurological disorders is predicated on achieving widespread and uniform transgene expression throughout the affected disease area in the brain. However, conventional gene vectors preferentially travel through low-resistance perivascular spaces and/or are confined to the administration site even with the aid of a pressure-driven flow provided by convection-enhanced delivery. Biodegradable DNA nanoparticles offer a safe gene delivery platform devoid of adverse effects associated with virus-based or synthetic nonbiodegradable systems. Using a state-of-the-art biodegradable polymer, poly(β-amino ester), colloidally stable sub-100 nm DNA nanoparticles are engineered with a nonadhesive polyethylene glycol corona that are able to avoid the adhesive and steric hindrances imposed by the extracellular matrix. Following convection enhanced delivery, these brain-penetrating nanoparticles are able to homogeneously distribute throughout the rodent striatum and mediate widespread and high-level transgene expression. These nanoparticles provide a biodegradable DNA nanoparticle platform enabling uniform transgene expression patterns in vivo and hold promise for the treatment of neurological diseases.
A Self‐Aligned Strategy for Printed Electronics: Exploiting Capillary Flow on Microstructured Plastic Surfaces (2015)

Printing is a promising route for high‐throughput processing of electronic devices on large‐area, flexible substrates by virtue of its integration into roll‐to‐roll production formats. However, multilayered electronic devices require materials registration with micrometer‐level tolerances, which is a serious challenge for continuous manufacturing. Here, a novel, self‐aligned manufacturing approach is introduced that allows precision patterning of multilayered electronic devices by inkjet printing on microimprinted plastic substrates. Materials registration is achieved automatically by sequential deposition of liquid inks into multilevel trench networks on the substrate surface using capillary forces. By creating suitable multitier capillary networks, fully self‐aligned fabrication of all the major building blocks of an integrated circuit, including resistors, capacitors, transistors, and crossovers, with excellent yields and performance metrics is demonstrated. The current status of inkjet and imprint technologies suggests that this self‐aligned manufacturing strategy can be scaled up to large‐area substrates with integration densities greater than 1000 devices cm −2 .
Plasmonic Back Reflectors: Plasmonic Dye‐Sensitized Solar Cells (2010)

This image presents a scanning electron microscopy image of solid state dye-sensitized solar cell with a plasmonic back reflector, overlaid with simulated field intensity plots when monochromatic light is incident on the device. Plasmonic back reflectors, which consist of 2D arrays of silver nanodomes, can enhance absorption through excitation of plasmonic modes and increased light scattering, as reported by Michael D. McGehee, Yi Cui, and co-workers.
Process monitoring or process control in laser materials processing (2001)

It is a well known paradigm of modern production strategy to gain product quality by safely controlled technologies rather then by post-process selections of faulty products. Mastering any sophisticated process technology necessarily relies on more or less sophisticated on-line monitoring or closed loop control means. While monitoring systems in case of detected unallowed process irregularities will immediately stop the treatment process or mark the treated part as a faulty one, closed loop control systems are designed to continue the process by applying appropriate feedback actions in order to instantaneously compensate the beginning decrease of process quality. The basis for reliable on-line process monitoring systems are significant indicators for the instantaneous condition of the interaction zone and/or neighbouring areas. Evidently monitoring means have to operate contactless since there must be no disturbing influence on the interaction zone. Fortunately, the remotely observable phenomena during laser material treatment create no problem to that requirement. Introducing the industrial proved Laser Welding Monitor LWM based on photo diode sensors and new system developments at Jurca Optoelektronik based on camera techniques will be discussed.
Advanced Therapy of Inflammatory Bowel Disease (2001)

Advanced Therapy of Inflammatory Bowel Disease . Edited by TM Bayless, SB Hanauer (Pp 670; illustrated; $129). London: BC Decker Inc, 2001. ISBN1-55009-122-0.

The book contains 138 short chapters on almost all practical issues in the management of patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). It is the second edition of a book published in 1989 entitled Current Management of Inflammatory Bowel Disease . Obviously, in the last 12 years since the publication of the first edition, much has changed both in the medical and surgical therapeutic approaches to IBD. All of the current and most up to date …
Higher Plant Cytochrome b5 Polypeptides Modulate Fatty Acid Desaturation (2012)

Background: Synthesis of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) in the endoplasmic reticulum of plants typically involves the fatty acid desaturases FAD2 and FAD3, which use cytochrome b 5 (Cb5) as an electron donor. Higher plants are reported to have multiple isoforms of Cb5, in contrast to a single Cb5 in mammals and yeast. Despite the wealth of information available on the roles of FAD2 and FAD3 in PUFA synthesis, information regarding the contributions of various Cb5 isoforms in desaturase-mediated reactions is limited.
An RC charging based Soft-Start circuit for Voltage Regulators (2022)

A soft-start circuit for linear voltage regulators based on slowly ramped-up reference voltage is presented. The proposed circuit prevents overshoot in regulator output voltage without affecting regulator amplifier loop. The proposed circuit does not require external reference voltage or current to generate a slowly ramped-up reference voltage. It has been designed in 5nm FinFet technology for a temperature range of −40°C to 125°C and supply voltage range of <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">$1.8V\pm 10\%$</tex> . The simulation results show that the proposed soft start circuit reduces the peak overshoot voltage by 30% and consumes only <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">$10\mu A$</tex> quiescent current.
Jumping Droplet Dynamics on Scalable Nanostructured Superhydrophobic Surfaces (2013)

Photo Gallery Jumping Droplet Dynamics on Scalable Nanostructured Superhydrophobic Surfaces Miljkovic Nenad, Miljkovic Nenad Search for other works by this author on: This Site PubMed Google Scholar Preston Daniel John, Preston Daniel John Search for other works by this author on: This Site PubMed Google Scholar Enright Ryan, Enright Ryan Search for other works by this author on: This Site PubMed Google Scholar Adera Solomon, Adera Solomon Search for other works by this author on: This Site PubMed Google Scholar Nam Youngsuk, Nam Youngsuk Search for other works by this author on: This Site PubMed Google Scholar Wang Evelyn N. Wang Evelyn N. Search for other works by this author on: This Site PubMed Google Scholar Author and Article Information J. Heat Transfer. Aug 2013, 135(8): 080907 (1 pages) Paper No: HT-13-1133 https://doi.org/10.1115/1.4024189 Published Online: July 18, 2013 Article history Received: March 12, 2013 Revision Received: March 12, 2013
A Parameter Dependent Riccati Equation Approach to Output Feedback Adaptive Control (2011)

A parameter dependent Riccati equation approach is taken to analyze the stability properties of an output feedback adaptive control law design. The adaptive controller is intended to augment a nominal, fixed gain, observer based output feedback control law. Although the formulation is in the setting of model following adaptive control, the realization of the adaptive controll er does not require implementing the reference model. In this regard, the cost of implementing the adaptive controller above that of a fixed gain control law is far less than that of other methods. The error signals are shown to be uniformly ultimately bounded and an expression for the ultimate bound is provided. The control design process and theoretical results are illustrated using a model for wing-rock dynamics. Research in adaptive output feedback control of uncertain nonlinear systems is motivated by the many emerging applications that employ novel actuation devices for active control of flexible structures and fluid flows. These applications include actuators such as piezo-electric films and s ynthetic jets, which are typically nonlinearly coupled to t he plant dynamics they are intended to control. Models for these applications vary from accurate low frequency models to models that crudely approximate the true dynamics even at low frequencies. Examples of applications include active damping of flexible structures, control of aeroservoelasti c aircraft, and active control of flows. Adaptive control can be used to satisfy performance requirements in the presence of large scale parameter uncertainty, and improved safety in the event of actuator failure.
The optimal shape of elastomer mushroom-like fibers for high and robust adhesion (2014)

Over the last decade, significant effort has been put into mimicking the ability of the gecko lizard to strongly and reversibly cling to surfaces, by using synthetic structures. Among these structures, mushroom-like elastomer fiber arrays have demonstrated promising performance on smooth surfaces matching the adhesive strengths obtained with the natural gecko foot-pads. It is possible to improve the already impressive adhesive performance of mushroom-like fibers provided that the underlying adhesion mechanism is understood. Here, the adhesion mechanism of bio-inspired mushroom-like fibers is investigated by implementing the Dugdale-Barenblatt cohesive zone model into finite elements simulations. It is found that the magnitude of pull-off stress depends on the edge angle θ and the ratio of the tip radius to the stalk radius β of the mushroom-like fiber. Pull-off stress is also found to depend on a dimensionless parameter χ, the ratio of the fiber radius to a length-scale related to the dominance of adhesive stress. As an estimate, the optimal parameters are found to be β = 1.1 and θ = 45°. Further, the location of crack initiation is found to depend on χ for given β and θ. An analytical model for pull-off stress, which depends on the location of crack initiation as well as on θ and β, is proposed and found to agree with the simulation results. Results obtained in this work provide a geometrical guideline for designing robust bio-inspired dry fibrillar adhesives.
Effect of high‐concentration ammonium and sodium fluoride rinses on dental caries in schoolchildren (1977)

A double-blind clinical trial was conducted in a non-fluoridated community to determine the effect on enamel fluoride and caries experience of daily rinsing in school with 1,000 parts/10(6) solutions of ammonium fluoride or sodium fluoride at pH 4.4. Subjects were 10- to 12-year-old children (n approximately equal to 200/group at baseline), about one-half of whom reported the usage of fluoride supplements. Dental caries (DFS index) and enamel fluoride (in vivo biopsy) were evaluated at baseline, 12 months, and 24 months. Supplement users had higher enamel fluoride levels and less caries experience initially, as well as generally lower caries increments over the study. In year 1, the overall caries reductions (supplement users and non-users combined) were 23 % (ammonium fluoride) and 33 % (sodium fluoride), P less than 0.01. For year 2, treatment effects were significantly greater: 54 % (ammonium fluoride) and 47 % (sodium fluoride). In newly erupted teeth, the effects of the ammonium fluoride (70 % DFS reduction) was significantly greater (P = 0.013) than that of the sodium fluoride (48 % DFS reduction). Enamel fluoride levels at the end of 2 years were 3,124 parts/10(6) (ammonium fluoride), 2,771 parts/10(6) (sodium fluoride), and 2,603 parts/10(6) (placebo), P = 0.025.
The “Carrion Cast”: An Intracavernosal Antimicrobial Cast for the Treatment of Infected Penile Implant (2014)

Current management of ischemic priapism revolves around 3 principles: resolving the acute event, preserving erectile function, and reducing the risk of future recurrences. Although more conservative management options, such as aspiration, irrigation, and surgical shunts, are effective in many patients, those who are refractory to these interventions or have prolonged priapism may benefit from placement of a penile prosthesis (PP).To provide a comprehensive overview of priapism management, highlight the current literature on the utility of penile implants for refractory priapism, and provide insight from a high-volume center on surgical decision making and technique.A complete review of the current guidelines and associated literature was performed. Associated algorithms were evaluated, and our experience was overlaid on the data present in the literature.The current management algorithm for priapism was evaluated. Subsequently, the data on acute and delayed PP placement were assessed. Rates of postoperative infection, erectile dysfunction, and patient satisfaction were also examined.Overall, both delayed and early PP implants are associated with higher rates of failure than routine PP implants. In patients with refractory or prolonged priapism, early implantation may be technically easier, with decreased loss of penile length and associated complications.Patients should be evaluated on an individual basis and counseled on the risks and benefits of PP implantation in early and delayed time frames. Although there is no definitive evidence at this time regarding the ideal device or timing of implantation, there are well-established pros and cons of malleable vs inflatable prostheses and of acute vs delayed implantation.Mishra K, Loeb A, Bukavina L, et al. Management of Priapism: A Contemporary Review. Sex Med Rev 2020;8:131–139.
Overcoming the Lack of Oral Availability of Cyclic Hexapeptides: Design of a Selective and Orally Available Ligand for the Integrin αvβ3 (2017)

A highly systematic approach for the development of both orally bioavailable and bioactive cyclic N-methylated hexapeptides as high affinity ligands for the integrin αvβ3 is based on two concepts: a) screening of systematically designed libraries with spatial diversity and b) masking of the peptide charge with a lipophilic protecting group. The key steps of the method are 1) initial design of a combinatorial library of N-methylated analogues of the stem peptide cyclo(d-Ala-Ala<sub>5</sub> ); 2) selection of cyclic peptides with the highest intestinal permeability; 3) design of sublibraries with the bioactive RGD sequence in all possible positions; 4) selection of the best ligands for RGD-recognizing integrin subtypes; 5) fine-tuning of the affinity and selectivity by additional Ala to Xaa substitutions; 6) protection of the charged functional groups according to the prodrug concept to regain intestinal and oral permeability; 7) proof of biological effects in mice after oral administration.
Guard rings: Theory, experimental quantification and design (2005)

This paper will first focus on the theory of guard rings and the importance of understanding for internal and external latchup. This will be followed by electrical characterization and the demonstrates integration of parameterized cell guard ring structures in a Cadencetrade based design methodology for the construction of ESD structures, I/O design, and latchup for radio frequency (RF) CMOS and Silicon Germanium technology. The importance of the guard ring p-cell allows for evaluation of internal and external latchup, and the ability to verify the presence of the guard ring for whole chip design checking, verification and synthesis will be discussed.
Block-classified bidirectional motion compensation scheme for wavelet-decomposed digital video (1997)

In this paper the authors introduce a block-classified bidirectional motion compensation scheme for the previously developed wavelet-based video codec, where multiresolution motion estimation is performed in the wavelet domain. The frame classification structure described in this paper is similar to that used in the MPEG standard. Specifically, the I-frames are intraframe coded, the P-frames are interpolated from a previous I- or a P-frame, and the B-frames are bidirectional interpolated frames. They apply this frame classification structure to the wavelet domain with variable block sizes and multiresolution representation. They use a symmetric bidirectional scheme for the B-frames and classify the motion blocks as intraframe, compensated either from the preceding or the following frame, or bidirectional (i.e., compensated based on which type yields the minimum energy). They also introduce the concept of F-frames, which are analogous to P-frames but are predicted from the following frame only. This improves the overall quality of the reconstruction in a group of pictures (GOP) but at the expense of extra buffering. They also study the effect of quantization of the I-frames on the reconstruction of a GOP, and they provide intuitive explanation for the results. In addition, the authors study a variety of wavelet filter-banks to be used in a multiresolution motion-compensated hierarchical video codec.
Bregman regularized statistical image reconstruction method and application to prior image constrained compressed sensing (PICCS) (2013)

Recently, the Statistical Image Reconstruction (SIR) and compressed sensing (CS) framework has shown promise in the x-ray computed tomography (CT) community. In this paper, we propose to establish an equivalence between the unconstrained optimization problem and a constrained optimization with explicit data consistency term. The immediate consequence of the equivalence is to enable one to use the well-developed optimization method to solve the constrained optimization problem to refine the solution of the corresponding unconstrained optimization problem. As an application of this equivalence, the method was used to develop a convergent and numerically efficient implementation for the prior image constrained compressed sensing (PICCS).
Designing optimal pulse-shapers for ultra-wideband radios (2004)

Ultra-wideband (UWB) technology is gaining increasing interest for its potential application to short-range indoor wireless communications. Utilizing ultra-short pulses, UWB baseband transmissions enable rich multipath diversity, and can be demodulated with low complexity receivers. Compliance with the FCC spectral mask, and interference avoidance to, and from, co-existing narrow-band services, calls for judicious design of UWB pulse shapers. This paper introduces pulse shaper designs for UWB radios, which optimally utilize the bandwidth and power allowed by the FCC spectral mask. The resulting baseband UWB systems can be either single-band, or, multi-band. More important, the novel pulse shapers can support dynamic avoidance of narrow-band interference, as well as efficient implementation of fast frequency hopping, without invoking analog carriers.
Virtual hand: a 3D tactile interface to virtual environments (2008)

We introduce a novel system that allows users to experience the sensation of touch in a computer graphics environment. In this system, the user places his/her hand on an array of pins, which is moved about space on a 6 degree-of-freedom robot arm. The surface of the pins defines a surface in the virtual world. This "virtual hand" can move about the virtual world. When the virtual hand encounters an object in the virtual world, the heights of the pins are adjusted so that they represent the object's shape, surface, and texture. A control system integrates pin and robot arm motions to transmit information about objects in the computer graphics world to the user. It also allows the user to edit, change and move the virtual objects, shapes and textures. This system provides a general framework for touching, manipulating, and modifying objects in a 3-D computer graphics environment, which may be useful in a wide range of applications, including computer games, computer aided design systems, and immersive virtual worlds.
Magnetron microwave noise reduction and magnetic priming by azimuthally varying axial magnetic fields (2004)

We report recent experiments demonstrating that application of an azimuthally varying axial magnetic field to microwave magnetrons causes a dramatic decrease in the microwave noise and virtual elimination of sidebands. This magnetic perturbation technique also causes rapid-startup of magnetrons; we call this novel technique "magnetic priming.".
Dosimetric evaluation of methyl red radiochromic film for radiation processing (2020)

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to present a radiochromic film dosimeter containing polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) matrix and various concentrations of methyl red (MR) dye for high dose measurements. Design/methodology/approach The MR-PVA films were exposed to irradiation up to 60 kGy using 60 Co source of gamma ray. The ultraviolet and visible regions (UV/VIS) spectrophotometry were used to examine the optical density of pre-and post-irradiated dosimeters at 424 nm. Findings The dose sensitivity of MR-PVA films increases significantly with increasing MR dye concentrations in the dose range of 5 to 60 kGy. The impact of relative humidity, irradiation temperature, dose rate and the stability of the films has been analyzed. The overall uncertainty of the MR-PVA film dosimeter is 6.12% (Double Standard-deviation, 95% confidence level). Practical implications It was found that the MR-PVA films may be used as high dose dosimeter with an acceptable overall uncertainty in routine industrial radiation processing. Originality/value The color bleaching of irradiated MR-PVA films in terms of specific absorbance curves increases significantly with increasing absorbed dose up to 60 kGy.