gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Zintl Phases: Recent Developments in Thermoelectrics and Future Outlook (2016)

Zintl compounds have recently emerged as promising thermoelectric materials due to their rich chemistry and structural complexity. Zintl compounds are defined as valence precise intermetallic phases in which electropositive cations donate electrons to covalently bonded polyanions. In the search for and development of new thermoelectric materials, the vast array of structures and chemical environments found among Zintl phases is an ideal place to begin. This chapter outlines the principles necessary to select, synthesize, and optimize such phases for thermoelectric applications. In the development of high zT thermoelectric materials, there are two key material requirements: low lattice thermal conductivity and chemically tunable electronic properties. The structural complexity characteristic of Zintl compounds leads to glass-like lattice thermal conductivity, making them ideal thermoelectric materials. This complexity also provides numerous opportunities for tuning electronic properties; while substitution of aliovalent elements yields direct control of the electronic carrier concentration, extensive isovalent substitutions can be used to fine-tune thermal and electronic properties by targeted modification of the bonding environment. By exploiting these principles, several excellent Zintl thermoelectric materials have already been developed, highlighting the future potential of these fascinating and complex materials for thermoelectric applications.
Boiling Refrigerant Type Compact Cooling Unit for Computer Chip : Cooling Performance in case of inclination (2000)

In recent years, CPU calorific power is increasing rapidly involved in computer high performance. So computer industry is requiring cooling unit for CPU correspond to high calorific power and heat flux. We have developed a new compact boiling refrigerant type cooling unit for CPU. It is the main feature of this cooling unit is high cooling performance, compact, and low electric power compared with air-cooling aluminum fin. We made the relation between behavior of coolant and cooling performance at inclination
On the origin of Si nanocrystal formation in a Si suboxide matrix (2007)

We examined mechanisms underlying Si nanocrystal formation in Si-rich SiO2 using a combination of quantum mechanical and Monte Carlo (MC) simulations. We find that this process is mainly driven by suboxide penalty arising from incomplete O coordination, with a minor contribution of strain, and it is primarily controlled by O diffusion rather than excess Si diffusion and agglomeration. The overall behavior of Si cluster growth from our MC simulations based on these fundamental findings agrees well with experiments.
Structure-reactivity correlation in atom transfer radical polymerization (2002)

Kinetics of atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP) with the special emphasis on dynamics of activation and deactivation is discussed. Various mechanistic features of ATRP related to electron transfer processes are presented. Elementary reactions of ATRP process are analyzed.
Highly sensitive proximity mediated immunoassay reveals HER2 status conversion in the circulating tumor cells of metastatic breast cancer patients (2011)

CEER can be multiplexed to analyze pathway proteins in a comprehensive manner with extreme specificity and sensitivity. This format is ideal for analyzing clinical samples with limited availability.
Subcellular targeting is a key condition for high‐level accumulation of cellulase protein in transgenic maize seed (2007)

Ethanol from lignocellulosic biomass is being pursued as an alternative to petroleum-based transportation fuels. To succeed in this endeavour, efficient digestion of cellulose into monomeric sugar streams is a key step. Current production systems for cellulase enzymes, i.e. fungi and bacteria, cannot meet the cost and huge volume requirements of this commodity-based industry. Transgenic maize (Zea mays L.) seed containing cellulase protein in embryo tissue, with protein localized to the endoplasmic reticulum, cell wall or vacuole, allows the recovery of commercial amounts of enzyme. E1 cellulase, an endo-beta-1,4-glucanase from Acidothermus cellulolyticus, was recovered at levels greater than 16% total soluble protein (TSP) in single seed. More significantly, cellobiohydrolase I (CBH I), an exocellulase from Trichoderma reesei, also accumulated to levels greater than 16% TSP in single seed, nearly 1000-fold higher than the expression in any other plant reported in the literature. The catalytic domain was the dominant form of E1 that was detected in the endoplasmic reticulum and vacuole, whereas CBH I holoenzyme was present in the cell wall. With one exception, individual transgenic events contained single inserts. Recovery of high levels of enzyme in T2 ears demonstrated that expression is likely to be stable over multiple generations. The enzymes were active in cleaving soluble substrate.
The flying anemometer: Unified estimation of wind velocity from aerodynamic power and wrenches (2016)

We consider the problem of estimating the wind velocity perceived by a flying multicopter, from data acquired by onboard sensors and knowledge of its aerodynamics model only. We employ two complementary methods. The first is based on the estimation of the external wrench (force and torque) due to aerodynamics acting on the robot in flight. Wind velocity is obtained by inverting an identified model of the aerodynamic forces. The second method is based on the estimation of the propeller aerodynamic power, and provides an estimate independent of other sensors. We show how to calculate components of the wind velocity using multiple aerodynamic power measurements, when the poses between them are known. The method uses the motor current and angular velocity as measured by the electronic speed controllers, essentially using the propellers as wind sensors. Verification of the methods and model identification were done using measurements acquired during autonomous flights in a 3D wind tunnel.
Performance characterization of self-calibrating protocols for wearable EEG applications (2015)

Therapeutic Neurofeedback (NFB) using real-time electroencephalography (EEG) data works by reinforcing desired brainwave patterns. Although EEG is a well-established diagnostic tool and EEG-NFB shows great promise for enhancing cognitive performance and treating neurological disorders, proof of its efficacy has been limited. Here we characterize a novel Self-Calibrating Protocol (SCP) method coupled to five standard machine learning algorithms to classify brain states corresponding to the experience of "pain" or "no pain".
Next‐Generation Cobalt‐Free Cathodes – A Prospective Solution to the Battery Industry's Cobalt Problem* (2022)

Lithium-ion batteries are over-reliant on cobalt-containing cathodes. Current projections estimate hundreds of millions of electric vehicles (EVs) will be on the road by 2050, and this ever-growing demand threatens to deplete global cobalt reserves at an alarming rate. Moreover, cobalt supply-chain issues have significantly increased cobalt prices throughout the last decade. As such, energy storage research and development need to reduce reliance on cobalt to meet ever-growing demands for lithium-ion batteries. This chapter summarizes the science/technology gaps and potential of numerous cobalt-free Li-ion cathodes, including layered, spinel, olivine, and disordered rocksalt systems. Despite the promising performance of these Co-free cathodes, scale-up and manufacturing bottlenecks associated with these materials must also be addressed to enable widespread adoption in commercial batteries. Overall, this review broadly highlights the enormous promise of “zero-cobalt” Li-ion batteries to enable sustainable production of EVs in the coming decades.
Direct Reaction of Phosphorus Acids with Hydroxy of a Silanol and on the Silica Gel Surface (1994)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTDirect Reaction of Phosphorus Acids with Hydroxy of a Silanol and on the Silica Gel SurfaceIvan Lukes, Moheswar Borbaruah, and Louis D. QuinCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1994, 116, 5, 1737–1741Publication Date (Print):March 1, 1994Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 March 1994https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00084a014https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00084a014research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views1172Altmetric-Citations58LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Design and Feasibility of Creating Gas-Storage Caverns by Using Acid to Dissolve Carbonate Rock Formations (2004)

Abstract The feasibility of creating gas-storage caverns by dissolving carbonate rock formations was examined based on process design, geologic factors, and preliminary economic analysis. The method involves drilling one or more wells, pumping acid into the formation, and then removing and treating the waste fluid. To enhance acid transport into the formation, the rock may be hydraulically fractured prior to pumping the acid. To analyze the requirements for creating storage volume, the following were examined: weight and volume of rock to be dissolved; gas storage pressure, temperature, and volume at depth; solubility of acid-rock reaction products; and acid costs. Design considerations and economic calculations indicate that the new method will be applied most advantageously to carbonate formations deeper than approximately 4000 feet, with limestone at depths between 6000 and 9000 feet preferred. In order to identify potential sites for applying the new method to creating storage volume, a large amount of data from carbonate formations was compiled for six states: Ohio, Kentucky, Indiana, West Virginia, Pennsylvania, and New York. Based on GIS analysis, large areas of West Virginia, Pennsylvania, and New York were identified as potentially suitable for developing carbonate-cavern storage. Smaller areas that may be suitable were identified in Indiana, Ohio, and Kentucky. The potential for application of this new method is very promising based on preliminary economic analysis that considered capital costs, well-design options and costs, waste treatment options, and cost comparison with other gas storage methods.
Suppression of ground and weather clutter (1981)

It is shown that Weibull-distributed weather clutter obeys a Weibull distribution after passing through a moving target indicator (MTI) processor realised by a double canceller. Both ground and weather clutter can be thus suppressed by using the method of MTI and new Weibull constant false alarm rate (CFAR) systems.
Intrinsically Polar Piezoelectric Self-Assembled Oligopeptide Monolayers (2021)

<div><div><div><p>Flexible, bio-compatible piezoelectric materials are of considerable research interest for a variety of applications, but many suffer from low response or high cost to manufacture. Herein, novel piezoelectric force and touch sensors based on self-assembled monolayers of oligopeptides are presented which produce large piezoelectric voltage response and are easily manufactured without the need for electrical poling. While the devices generate modest piezoelectric charge constants (d33) of up to 9.8 pC N−1, they exhibit immense piezoelectric voltage constants (g33) up to 2 V m N−1. Furthermore, a flexible device prototype is demonstrated that produces open-circuit voltages of nearly 6 V under gentle bending motion. Improvements in peptide selection and device construction promise to further improve the already outstanding voltage response and open the door to numerous practical applications.</p></div></div></div>
A new neural network approach for short-term glucose prediction using continuous glucose monitoring time-series and meal information (2011)

In the last decade, improvements in diabetes daily management have become possible thanks to the development of minimally-invasive portable sensors which allow continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) for several days. In particular, hypo and hyperglycemia can be promptly detected when glucose exceeds the normal range thresholds, and even avoided through the use of on-line glucose prediction algorithms. Several algorithms with prediction horizon (PH) of 15-30-45 min have been proposed in the literature, e.g. including AR/ARMA time-series modeling and neural networks. Most of them are fed by CGM signals only. The purpose of this work is to develop a new short-term glucose prediction algorithm based on a neural network that, in addition to past CGM readings, also exploits information on carbohydrates intakes quantitatively described through a physiological model. Results on simulated data quantitatively show that the new method outperforms other published algorithms. Qualitative preliminary results on a real diabetic subject confirm the potentialities of the new approach.
Grafting Renewable Chemicals to Functionalize Chitosan (2002)

The need for environmentally-friendly processing has stimulated research on biocatalysis, while a growing interest in sustainability is stimulating interest in the use of renewable resources. We are currently examining an enzymatic approach to graft renewable phenols onto the biopolymer chitosan. In this approach, tyrosinase is used to convert phenols into reactive o-quinones which undergo non-enzymatic reactions that lead to grafting onto chitosan. As discussed, tyrosinasecatalyzed chitosan modification results in dramatic changes in functional properties.
111 Diagnosis of Impulse Line Blockage with Differential Pressure Transmitter : Part4: Blockage Detection at Steam Line (2006)

Differential pressure transmitters with an orifice are widely used as a reliable flowmeter in process industries. The most frequent problem with this type of flowmeter is blockage in impulse line: it causes a severe deterioration of measurement accuracy. Hence, this paper develops a new detection method of impulse line blockage with digital differential pressure transmitter in a steady-state steam line. This method, which utilizes inherent pressure fluctuations of the steam line, consists of two functions: (i) detecting impulse line blockage by evaluating standard deviations of differential pressure, and (ii) specifying which side of impulse line is blocked from the phase difference between two impulse lines.
Face recognition in low-light environments using fusion of thermal infrared and intensified imagery (2006)

This paper presents a study of face recognition performance as a function of light level using intensified near infrared imagery in conjunction with thermal infrared imagery. Intensification technology is the most prevalent in both civilian and military night vision equipment, and provides enough enhancement for human operators to perform standard tasks under extremely low-light conditions. We describe a comprehensive data collection effort undertaken by the authors to image subjects under carefully controlled illumination and quantify the performance of standard face recognition algorithms on visible, intensified and thermal imagery as a function of light level. Performance comparisons for automatic face recognition are reported using the standardized implementations from the CSU Face Identification Evaluation System, as well as Equinox own algorithms. The results contained in this paper should constitute the initial step for analysis and deployment of face recognition systems designed to work in low-light level conditions.
Medicinal Applications of Metal Complexes of N-Heterocyclic Carbenes (2005)

The focus of this chapter is the synthesis and medicinal applications of metal complexes of N-heterocyclic carbenes (NHCs). Silver NHC complexes will be examined for their potential uses as antimicrobials and 111Ag based radiopharmaceuticals. Rhodium NHC complexes are discussed in regards to their potential use as radiopharmaceuticals based on l05Rh.
Dual‐echo Dixon imaging with flexible choice of echo times (2010)

In this work, a new two-point method for water-fat imaging is described and explored. It generalizes existing two-point methods by eliminating some of the restrictions that these methods impose on the choice of echo times. Thus, the new two-point method promises to provide more freedom in the selection of protocol parameters and to reach higher scan efficiency. Its performance was studied theoretically and was evaluated experimentally in abdominal imaging with a multigradient-echo sequence. While depending on the choice of echo times, it is generally found to be favorable compared to existing two-point methods. Notably, water images with higher spatial resolution and better signal-to-noise ratio were attained with it in single breathholds at 3.0 T and 1.5 T, respectively. The use of more accurate spectral models of fat is shown to substantially reduce observed variations in the extent of fat suppression. The acquisition of in- and opposed-phase images is demonstrated to be replaceable by a synthesis from water and fat images. The new two-point method is finally also applied to autocalibrate a multidimensional eddy current correction and to enhance the fat suppression achieved with three-point methods in this way, especially toward the edges of larger field of views.
Vacuolin‐1 inhibits autophagy by activating rab5 (737.7) (2014)

Autophagy is a catabolic lysosomal degradation process essential for cellular homeostasis and cell survival. Dysfunctional autophagy has been associated with wide ranges of human diseases, e.g. cancer and neurodegenerative diseases. A large number of small chemicals that modulate autophagy have been widely used to dissect this process and some of them, e.g. chloroquine (CQ), might be ultimately applied to treat a variety of autophagy associated human diseases. Here we found that the small chemical vacuolin‐1 potently and reversibly inhibited the fusion between autophagosomes and lysosomes in mammalian cells, thereby inducing the accumulation of autophagosomes. Interestingly, vacuolin‐1 was less toxic but was at least 10 folds more potent in inhibiting autophagy compared to CQ. Vacuolin‐1 treatment also blocked the fusion between endosomes and lysosomes, resulting in a defect in general endosomal‐lysosomal degradation. Treatment of cells with vacuolin‐1 alkalinized lysosomal pH and decreased lysosomal Ca 2+ content, yet vacuolin‐1 had little effect on vacuolar ATPase activity. Instead, vacuolin‐1 treatment markedly activated Rab5 GTPase activity. Expression of a dominant negative mutant of Rab5A or Rab5A knockdown abolished vacuolin‐1 induced autophagosomal‐lysosomal fusion blockage, whereas expression of a constitutive active form of Rab5A inhibited the lysosomal‐autophagosomal fusion. These data indicate that vacuolin‐1 activates Rab5 to suppress autophagosomal‐lysosomal fusion. Vacuolin‐1 and its analogues present a novel class of drug that can potently and reversibly modulate autophagy. Grant Funding Source : This work was supported by Research Grant Council (RGC) grants (HKU 782709M, HKU 785911M, HKU 769912
Control of vertical-cavity laser polarization with anisotropic transverse cavity geometries (1994)

We show the two-fold polarization degeneracy of etched air-post vertical-cavity surface emitting laser diodes can be lifted and a dominant polarization state selected through use of anisotropic transverse laser cavity geometries. For lasers with rhombus-shaped cavities, fundamental mode lasing emission linearly polarized along one specified crystal axis is obtained up to twice the threshold current. For dumbbell-shaped lasers, fundamental mode lasing emission linearly polarized along one specified crystal axis is maintained over the entire operating range of the device producing a maximum orthogonal polarization suppression ratio of 14 dB.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Holey Fibers for Low Bending Loss (2006)

We have developed a novel type of holey fiber which has a conventional raised-index core surrounded by two layers of air holes with different sizes. The fiber has single-mode operation and shows a low bending loss even for an extremely small bending diameter and a low splicing loss for fusion splicing to a conventional single-mode fiber. The structure and the properties of the fiber are reported in this paper.
Optimally approximated and unbiased floating-point multiplier with runtime configurability (2020)

Approximate computing is a promising alternative to improve energy efficiency for IoT devices on the edge. This work proposes an optimally approximated and unbiased floating-point approximate multiplier with runtime configurability. We provide a theoretically sound formulation that turns multiplication approximation to an optimization problem. With the formulation and findings, a multilevel architecture is proposed to easily incorporate runtime configurability and module execution parallelism. Finally, an optimization scheme is applied to improve the area, making it linearly dependent on the precision, instead of quadratically or exponentially as in prior work. In addition to the optimal approximation and configurability, the proposed design has an efficient circuit implementation that uses inversion, shift and addition instead of complex arithmetic operations. When compared to the prior state-of-the-art approximate floating-point multiplier, ApproxLP [30], the proposed design outperforms in all aspects including accuracy, area, and delay. By replacing the regular full-precision multiplier in GPU, the proposed design can improve the energy efficiency for various edge computing tasks. Even with Level 1 approximation, the proposed design improves energy efficiency up to 122× for machine learning on CIFAR-10, with almost negligible accuracy loss.
A Polymer Material - Composite Neutron Detector (1981)

A neutron detector based on a composite of polymer semiconductor and neutron active materials is described. The detector operates at ambient temperature, is sensitive to thermal neutrons and has a smaller sensitivity to fast neutrons. When used as a stacked series system, fast neutron sensitivity increases and an energy discriminative system results. The characteristics of the detector are high sensitivity per unit volume, light weight, potential for large area and modest costs. A qualitative description of the concept and quantitative estimates of the performance of a particular design are given.
"Magic" dispersion maps for multichannel soliton transmission (2000)

Using asymptotic theory and a momentum method, we have identified a family of dispersion management schemes that are advantageous for massive multichannel soliton transmission. For the practical case of two-step dispersion maps, special schemes are found that have optimal launch point locations (where no pulse prechirping is needed) that are independent of the fiber's dispersion. Despite the variation of dispersion with respect to carrier wavelength due to the fiber's dispersion slope, the transmission in several different channels can be optimized simultaneously using the same optimal launch point. Theoretical predictions are verified by direct numerical simulations.