gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Feedback Capacity of Different Complex Network Models (2013)

The internal feedback structure exists in nonhierarchical complex networks in the form of cycles. Diffusion of information from a node to reach out all the rest occurs through penetration layers (depths). The information credibility or accuracy may be challenged in each layer due to internal feedback loops. In this work, we study feedback diffusion capacity and analyze existing patterns of relationships and ties among complex networks entities to find how the feedback of information is diffused and propagated through the network. As the information propagates to subsequent layers, on average, the feedback density heterogeneity in complex networks reaches saturation after the third penetration in random and scale-free networks. The maximum penetration defines the feedback capacity of the network. The experiment results show that the third penetration depth covers almost 90% of the nodes. Whereas in the small-world networks, the feedback capacity is dynamic and continue increasing as the network size increases. Small world network has the best feedback capacity among networks configuration.
An image reconstruction method with a locally adaptive gating scheme for PET data (2018)

In conventional gating approaches for positron emission tomography (PET), a single number of gates is predetermined for the whole field of view (FOV) regardless of spatially variant motion blurring effects, which compromises image quality by under-gating regions of large motion and over-gating static regions. To achieve the best resolution-noise trade-off for the whole FOV, we proposed a new approach that incorporates a spatially variant number of gates into gated image reconstruction. The first step was to estimate the motion amplitude of each spatial location. A preliminary set of gated image reconstructions was generated from the PET data. The spatially variant motion amplitudes were approximated based on the registration of 2D maximum intensity projections of the gated reconstructions as well as prior knowledge. Second, the spatially varying motion amplitudes were used to determine the optimal number of gates for each region. Finally, the adaptive gating image reconstruction algorithm that incorporates a gating transform function to model the spatially variant number of gates was applied to generate adaptively gated 4D images. Scans from large FOV systems were simulated using actual multi-bed patient data from a clinical scanner for evaluation purposes. Images reconstructed with the conventional gating scheme as well as static reconstruction were obtained for comparison with the results obtained using our new method. In areas with lower estimated motion amplitudes (such as the spine), the reconstructed images using the new approach showed reduced noise compared to images with conventional gated reconstructions and comparable quality with non-gated images. In areas with large estimated motion amplitudes, such as in the lung and liver, contrast and resolution of images using the new method and conventional gated-reconstructions were comparable, and both were higher than those of non-gated images. The results indicate that using a locally adaptive number of gates based on respiratory motion amplitude instead of a fixed number of gates can improve the statistics of gated PET images by optimizing the local noise-resolution trade-off.
Negative differential resistance in trench-type narrow InGaAs quantum wire (2002)

A trench-type narrow InGaAs quantum-wire field-effect transistor (QWRFET) on a V-grooved (311)A InP substrate has been successfully fabricated. The trench-type InGaAs QWR-FET with 50 nm gate-length has demonstrated clear negative differential resistance (NDR) characteristics based on real space transfer (RST) with a high peak-to-valley current ratio (PVR=6.2) and a low onset voltage (V/sub NDR/) of 0.1 V. Such a low V/sub NDR/ has not been reported before.
Streptococcal M protein size mutants occur at high frequency within a single strain. (1986)

Streptococcal M protein, the antiphagocytic molecule on the surface of the organism, was previously found to exhibit extensive size heterogeneity between as well as within M serotypes. In this study, methods were devised to isolate M protein size mutants within a laboratory-grown culture. We were able to isolate three independent M protein deletion mutants and one additional mutant, which was derived from the first deletion mutant. We found that these deletion mutants occur at a frequency of approximately 1 in 2 X 10(3) CFUs in culture. Functional studies revealed that the deletion mutants were able to survive as well as the parental strain in human blood. They also had the determinants necessary to absorb opsonic antibodies as well as the parent. Pepsin digestion experiments localized the deletions within the N-terminal half of the M molecule, which is distal to the cell wall surface. This is the region of the molecule in which extensive sequence repeats are found. This is consistent with the suggestion that the size changes may be the result of homologous recombination between the repeat regions in the gene. These results support the idea that strains showing M protein size variation within successive clinical isolates from single patients may be derived from the initial infecting organisms, and are not the result of separate unrelated acquisitions of the same serotype. This size change may be important in the survival of the streptococcus in vivo.
Adding Selectivity to Antimicrobial Peptides: Rational Design of a Multidomain Peptide against<i>Pseudomonas</i>spp (2006)

Currently available antimicrobials exhibit broad killing with regard to bacterial genera and species. Indiscriminate killing of microbes by these conventional antibiotics can disrupt the ecological balance of the indigenous microbial flora, often resulting in negative clinical consequences. Species-specific antimicrobials capable of precisely targeting pathogenic bacteria without damaging benign microorganisms provide a means of avoiding this problem. In this communication, we report the successful creation of the first synthetic, target-specific antimicrobial peptide, G10KHc, via addition of a rationally designed Pseudomonas-specific targeting moiety (KH) to a generally killing peptide (novispirin G10). The resulting chimeric peptide showed enhanced bactericidal activity and faster killing kinetics against Pseudomonas spp. than G10 alone. The enhanced killing activities are due to increased binding and penetration of the outer membrane of Pseudomonas sp. cells. These properties were not observed in tests of untargeted bacterial species, and this specificity allowed G10KHc to selectively eliminate Pseudomonas spp. from mixed cultures. This work lays a foundation for generating target-specific "smart" antimicrobials to complement currently available conventional antibiotics.
Data-driven phase-matched PET/CT: A solution for axial location-dependent respiratory phase in CT (2021)

1420 Introduction: Respiratory motion introduces motion blurring and attenuation and activity mismatch artifacts in PET/CT scans. In a free-breathing PET/CT scan, the data-driven approach allows the acquisition of respiratory information and subsequent motion compensation in the PET images. The 3D CT image is usually scanned prior to the PET scan, and the CT image is also affected by respiratory motion. Different axial positions in the CT image may be in different respiratory phases due to the helical scan approach. For accurate respiratory motion compensation, the phase-information of the CT image is required. The conventional PET-based data-driven approach cannot be used to identify CT’s phase information due to the lack of PET data. In some scans, the patient may also exhibit a slightly larger breathing amplitude during the CT scan that further complicate the attenuation activity mismatch problem. In this study, we propose a data-driven activity/attenuation phase-matching method.
 Methods: Conventional data-driven respiratory gating is first applied to generate gated PET data. Gated PET images were then reconstructed using either a uniform attenuation map or zero attenuation map to avoid activity attenuation mismatch artifacts. Respiratory motion vector fields (MVF) were estimated using the PET data and the deep-inspiration and deep-expiration PET images were generated by extrapolating the MVF. For a fixed axial location, mutual information was calculated between the image patches of the attenuation map and the 4D PET images. The image patch was selected as a 3D volume with reduced axial size centered around the fixed axial location. The respiratory phases of the CT for all different axial locations were calculated using the same approach to generate axial location-dependent phase information. With the generated phase information, the MVF between the CT image and 4D PET images were generated using the original 4D MVF. Patient data acquired using the uMI 780 scanner was collected and tested. Visual comparisons were made to evaluate the performance of the proposed approach.
 Results: Among all the patient data used in this study, the axial-dependent respiratory phase was only observed in a few cases. Among those cases, the proposed method was shown to be able to reduce activity and attenuation mismatch artifacts for different regions (Fig. 1). For patient data with slightly larger respiratory amplitude during the CT scan, a correct respiratory phase was also identified with this approach. However, this method failed for cases with large deep inspiration amplitude.
 Conclusions: In conclusion, we proposed a new method that allows the identification of the respiratory phase in the CT image and can reduce axial location-dependent attenuation and activity mismatch artifacts. The proposed approach does not rely on additional hardware or 4D CT scans.
Recognition of 5‘-(A,T)GG(A,T)<sub>2</sub>-3‘ Sequences in the Minor Groove of DNA by Hairpin Polyamides (1996)

A series of four hairpin pyrrole−imidazole polyamides, ImImPy-γ-PyPyPy-β-Dp, PyPyPy-γ-ImImPy-β-Dp, AcImImPy-γ-PyPyPy-β-Dp, and AcPyPyPy-γ-ImImPy-β-Dp (Im = N-methylimidazole-2-carboxamide, Py = N-methylpyrrole-2-carboxamide, Dp = N,N-dimethylaminopropylamide, γ = γ-aminobutyric acid, β = β-alanine, and Ac = acetyl), designed for recognition of 5‘-(A,T)GG(A,T)2-3‘ sequences in the minor groove of DNA were synthesized using solid phase methodology and analyzed with respect to DNA binding affinity and sequence specificity. Quantitative DNase I footprint titration experiments reveal that the optimal polyamide ImImPy-γ-PyPyPy-β-Dp binds a designated 5‘-TGGTT-3‘ match site with an equilibrium association constant of Ka = 1.0 × 108 M-1 and the single base pair mismatch sites, 5‘-TGTTA-3‘ and 5‘-GGGTA-3‘, with 50-fold and 100-fold-lower affinity, respectively (10 mM Tris·HCl, 10 mM KCl, 10 mM MgCl2, and 5 mM CaCl2, pH 7.0 and 22 °C). Polyamides of sequence composition AcImImPy-γ-PyPyPy-β-Dp and AcPyPyPy-γ-ImImPy-β-Dp, which differ only by the position of the γ-linker, bind with similar affinities and specificities. Recognition of sequences containing contiguous G·C base pairs expands the sequence repertoire available for targeting DNA with pyrrole−imidazole polyamides.
Heterodinuclear Pt(<scp>iv</scp>)–Ru(<scp>ii</scp>) anticancer prodrugs to combat both drug resistance and tumor metastasis (2016)

Putting spear and shield together: heterodinuclear Pt(<sc>iv</sc>)–Ru(<sc>ii</sc>) complexes effectively and quickly kill cisplatin-resistant cancer cells and impede cancer cell migration.
System for controlling pressure by acoustic means (1979)

Views Icon Views Article contents Figures & tables Video Audio Supplementary Data Peer Review Share Icon Share Twitter Facebook Reddit LinkedIn Tools Icon Tools Reprints and Permissions Cite Icon Cite Search Site Citation Jean Malphettes, Pierre Fontanet; System for controlling pressure by acoustic means. J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 1 March 1979; 65 (3): 872–873. https://doi.org/10.1121/1.382431 Download citation file: Ris (Zotero) Reference Manager EasyBib Bookends Mendeley Papers EndNote RefWorks BibTex toolbar search Search Dropdown Menu toolbar search search input Search input auto suggest filter your search All ContentAcoustical Society of AmericaThe Journal of the Acoustical Society of America Search Advanced Search |Citation Search
Application of pulsed-laser-deposited amorphic diamond films in protective coatings and field-emission displays (1995)

Composed of sp<SUP>3</SUP> bonded nodules of carbon, laser plasma films with the properties of diamond are deposited in vacuum onto almost any substrate by condensing carbon ions carrying keV energies. These multiply charged ions are obtained from the laser ablation of graphite at intensities in excess of 10<SUP>11</SUP> W cm<SUP>-2</SUP>. The high energy of condensation provides both for the chemical bonding of such films to a wide variety of substrates and for low values of residual compressive stress, 0.6-0.8 GPa. On selected films hardness cannot be measured because of deformation of the diamond indenter and only a lower limit of 78 GPa can be reported. Coatings of 2-5 micrometers thicknesses have extended lifetimes of materials such as Si, Ti, ZnS, and stainless steel against the erosive wear from high-speed particles by factors to tens to thousands. The mechanical properties of amorphic diamond films are further enhanced by a low coefficient of friction of about 0.1. The combination of these mechanical properties seems to make amorphic diamond an attractive material for use as a protective coating in current industrial applications. Deposited upon silicon, quartz or sapphire, amorphic diamond films have interesting electrical properties including a very high coefficient of emissivity.
Differential Mueller matrix polarimetry for low concentration of glucose sensing (2017)

A novel of glucose sensing method based on differential Mueller matrix polarimetry is proposed. An analytical model is derived for extracting the optical rotation angle (γ) and degree of depolarization properties (Δ) of glucose sample with scattering affects. The practical feasibility of the proposed method is demonstrated by the experimental results for the sensitivity of the γ and Δ with the glucose samples with 2% phantom particles. The results show that the extracted valued of γ and Δ vary linearly with the glucose concentration over the measured range of 0 to 100 mg/dl with lowest increment of 20 mg/dl. In general, the proposed technique provides a reliable and simple method for low concentration of glucose sensing.
INDUCTIVE SYSTEM HEALTH MONITORING WITH STATISTICAL METRICS (2005)

Model-based reasoning is a powerful method for performing system monitoring and diagnosis. Building models for model-based reasoning is often a difficult and time consuming process. The Inductive Monitoring System (IMS) software was developed to provide a technique to automatically produce health monitoring knowledge bases for systems that are either difficult to model (simulate) with a computer or which require computer models that are too complex to use for real time monitoring. IMS processes nominal data sets collected either directly from the system or from simulations to build a knowledge base that can be used to detect anomalous behavior in the system. Machine learning and data mining techniques are used to characterize typical system behavior by extracting general classes of nominal data from archived data sets. In particular, a clustering algorithm forms groups of nominal values for sets of related parameters. This establishes constraints on those parameter values that should hold during nominal operation. During monitoring, IMS provides a statistically weighted measure of the deviation of current system behavior from the established normal baseline. If the deviation increases beyond the expected level, an anomaly is suspected, prompting further investigation by an operator or automated system. IMS has shown potential to be an effective, low cost technique to produce system monitoring capability for a variety of applications. We describe the training and system health monitoring techniques of IMS. We also present the application of IMS to a data set from the Space Shuttle Columbia STS-107 flight. IMS was able to detect an anomaly in the launch telemetry shortly after a foam impact damaged Columbia's thermal protection system.
Cell-permeable succinate prodrugs bypass mitochondrial complex I deficiency (2016)

Mitochondrial complex I (CI) deficiency is the most prevalent defect in the respiratory chain in paediatric mitochondrial disease. This heterogeneous group of diseases includes serious or fatal neurological presentations such as Leigh syndrome and there are very limited evidence-based treatment options available. Here we describe that cell membrane-permeable prodrugs of the complex II substrate succinate increase ATP-linked mitochondrial respiration in CI-deficient human blood cells, fibroblasts and heart fibres. Lactate accumulation in platelets due to rotenone-induced CI inhibition is reversed and rotenone-induced increase in lactate:pyruvate ratio in white blood cells is alleviated. Metabolomic analyses demonstrate delivery and metabolism of [(13)C]succinate. In Leigh syndrome patient fibroblasts, with a recessive NDUFS2 mutation, respiration and spare respiratory capacity are increased by prodrug administration. We conclude that prodrug-delivered succinate bypasses CI and supports electron transport, membrane potential and ATP production. This strategy offers a potential future therapy for metabolic decompensation due to mitochondrial CI dysfunction.
Mechanical Properties of Natural Rubber Filled with Foundry Waste Derived Fillers (2019)

The main aim of this study is to evaluate the possibility of applying foundry dust (FD) derived filler for the preparation of natural rubber (NR) based composites by characterizing the mechanical properties. The as-received FD was processed via a simple and low-cost procedure, including sieving, deironing and milling using a variety of industrial equipment. FD powders before and after silane coupling agent (Si 69) modification were used as fillers for NR. NR composites inserted with different content of modified and unmodified FD up to 50 phr were prepared via dry-mixing method. Then, comprehensive mechanical performances were performed on the corresponding vulcanizates. It was demonstrated that NR composite filled with 50 phr of modified FD exhibited optimized comprehensive mechanical performance. Tear strength and hardness is increased by 21.3% and 12.8% than pure NR, respectively. Tensile strength is reduced by 21% and elongation at break remained nearly unchanged. Additionally, the composite showed a large increment of 50.9% for its wet grip property, while exhibited an increment of only 11.9% for its rolling resistance in comparison with the composite containing 10 phr of FD. The findings of this study may provide a new application area for the large amounts of utilization of foundry waste with a high level of value being added.
Comparison of radiographic texture analysis from computed radiography and bone densitometry systems (2004)

Osteoporosis is a disease that results in an increased risk of bone fracture due to a loss of bone mass and deterioration of bone structure. Bone mineral density (BMD) provides a measure of bone mass and is frequently measured by bone densitometry systems to diagnose osteoporosis. In addition, computerized radiographic texture analysis (RTA) is currently being investigated as a measure of bone structure and as an additional diagnostic predictor of osteoporosis. In this study, we assessed the ability of a peripheral bone densitometry (PD) system to yield images useful for RTA. The benefit of such a system is that it measures BMD by dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry and therefore provides high- and low-energy digital radiographic images. The bone densitometry system investigated was the GE/Lunar PIXI, which provides 512 x 512 digital images of the heel or forearm (0.2 mm pixels). We compared texture features of heel images obtained with this PD system to those obtained on a Fuji computed radiography (CR) system (0.1 mm pixels). Fourier and fractal-based texture features of images from 24 subjects who had both CR and BMD exams were calculated, and correlation between the two systems was analyzed. Fourier-based texture features characterize the magnitude, frequency content, and orientation of the trabecular bone pattern. Good correlation was found between the two modalities for the first moment (FMP) with r=0.71 (p value<0.0001) and for minimum FMP with r=0.52 (p value=0.008). Root-mean-square (RMS) did not correlate with r=0.31 (p value>0.05), while the standard deviation of the RMS did correlate with r=0.79 (p value<0.0001). Good correlation was also found between the two modalities for the fractal-based texture features with r=0.79 (p value<0.0001) for the global Minkowski dimension and r=0.63 (p value=0.0007) for the fractal dimension from a box counting method. The PD system therefore may have the potential for yielding heel images suitable for RTA.
Nanoencapsulation of blocked isocyanates through aqueous emulsion polymerization (2008)

Blocked isocyanates were successfully encapsulated into polystyrene and hydroxyl and amine functionalized polymeric nanospheres via emulsion polymerization. The nanocapsules were characterized via Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, differential scanning calorimetry and transmission electronic microscopy. The blocked isocyanates generated free isocyanate functionality upon thermal annealing of nanocapsules. This research establishes a novel encapsulating method for release and retention of free isocyanates in aqueous media. These nanocapsules can provide active isocyanates in coatings and adhesive applications, and represent a novel application of nanoencapsulated materials for controlled or delayed active material utilization.
Nickel oxide--hydrogen cell. [40 to 70 wh/kg] (1978)

Nickel/hydrogen cells have a long cycle life and other attributes making them desirable for electric vehicle applications, but their cost is high. Cost reduction is obtained by the use of positive electrodes with high capacity per unit area, e.g. porous sintered nickel oxide electrodes, which contain absorbed therein major quantities of the electrolyte. The structure of positive and hydrophilic negative electrodes and of separators is specially adapted for this purpose. 5 figures, 4 tables.
Modulation of the light-harvesting chlorophyll antenna size in <i>Chlamydomonas reinhardtii</i> by <i>TLA1</i> gene over-expression and RNA interference (2012)

Truncated light-harvesting antenna 1 (TLA1) is a nuclear gene proposed to regulate the chlorophyll (Chl) antenna size in Chlamydomonas reinhardtii. The Chl antenna size of the photosystems and the chloroplast ultrastructure were manipulated upon TLA1 gene over-expression and RNAi downregulation. The TLA1 over-expressing lines possessed a larger chlorophyll antenna size for both photosystems and contained greater levels of Chl b per cell relative to the wild type. Conversely, TLA1 RNAi transformants had a smaller Chl antenna size for both photosystems and lower levels of Chl b per cell. Western blot analyses of the TLA1 over-expressing and RNAi transformants showed that modulation of TLA1 gene expression was paralleled by modulation in the expression of light-harvesting protein, reaction centre D1 and D2, and VIPP1 genes. Transmission electron microscopy showed that modulation of TLA1 gene expression impacts the organization of thylakoid membranes in the chloroplast. Over-expressing lines showed well-defined grana, whereas RNAi transformants possessed loosely held together and more stroma-exposed thylakoids. Cell fractionation suggested localization of the TLA1 protein in the inner chloroplast envelope and potentially in association with nascent thylakoid membranes, indicating a role in Chl antenna assembly and thylakoid membrane biogenesis. The results provide a mechanistic understanding of the Chl antenna size regulation by the TLA1 gene.