gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Analysis of Potato Glycoalkaloids by a New ELISA Kit (1998)

Steroidal glycoalkaloids are naturally occurring compounds present in solanaceous plants including potatoes. They are reported to be toxic to animals and humans. The recognition of their potential toxicity has led to implementation of guidelines limiting glycoalkaloid content. The effectiveness of these guidelines is dependent upon reliable analytical methods for their analysis. The objective of this study was to develop a simple, rapid, and inexpensive immunoassay for potato glycoalkaloids that correlates with HPLC. This was successfully demonstrated with various potato samples, including eight fresh potato varieties; potato flesh, peel, sprouts, and leaves; and processed products such as French fries, chips, and skins. Storage of the ELISA kit in a refrigerator for >3 months did not affect its effectiveness. The use of a stable, accurate, and highly sensitive ELISA kit should facilitate (a) development of standard protocols for handling and sampling of potatoes to minimize pre- and postharvest glycoalkaloid formation; (b) analysis of foliar glycoalkaloids, thus saving plant breeders considerable time, effort, and cost; (c) marketing potatoes at lower cost; (d) measurement of the metabolism and distribution of glycoalkaloids in animals and humans; and (e) assurance to the consumer of eating a good quality potato. Keywords: α-Chaconine; ELISA kit; HPLC; potatoes; potato chips; potato fries; potato leaves; potato peel; potato sprouts; α-solanine
Exploring Lithium-Cobalt-Nickel Oxide Spinel Electrodes for ≥3.5 V Li-Ion Cells (2016)

Recent reports have indicated that a manganese oxide spinel component, when embedded in a relatively small concentration in layered xLi<sub>2</sub>MnO<sub>3</sub>·(1-x)LiMO<sub>2</sub> (M = Ni, Mn, or Co) electrode systems, can act as a stabilizer that increases their capacity, rate capability, cycle life, and first-cycle efficiency. These findings prompted us to explore the possibility of exploiting lithiated cobalt oxide spinel stabilizers by taking advantage of (1) the low mobility of cobalt ions relative to that of manganese and nickel ions in close-packed oxides and (2) their higher potential (∼3.6 V vs Li<sup>0</sup>) relative to manganese oxide spinels (∼2.9 V vs Li<sup>0</sup>) for the spinel-to-lithiated spinel electrochemical reaction. In particular, we revisited the structural and electrochemical properties of lithiated spinels in the LiCo<sub>1-x</sub>Ni<sub>x</sub>O<sub>2</sub> (0 ≤ x ≤ 0.2) system, first reported almost 25 years ago, by means of high-resolution (synchrotron) X-ray diffraction, transmission electron microscopy, nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, electrochemical cell tests, and theoretical calculations. The results provide a deeper understanding of the complexity of intergrown layered/lithiated spinel LiCo<sub>1-x</sub>Ni<sub>x</sub>O<sub>2</sub> structures when prepared in air between 400 and 800 °C and the impact of structural variations on their electrochemical behavior. These structures, when used in low concentrations, offer the possibility of improving the cycling stability, energy, and power of high energy (≥3.5 V) lithium-ion cells.
ChemInform Abstract: CHEMICAL MODIFICATION OF AMINOGLYCOSIDES. 3. SYNTHESIS OF 2“‐DEOXYKANAMYCINS FROM NEAMINE (1982)

Abstract Neamin (Ia) ergibt mit Trifluoressigsäureanhydrid das Tetrakis‐(trifluoracetyl)‐neamin (Ib), das über ein Monoketal durch anschließende Benzoylierung und milde Hydrolyse in das Diol (IIa) umgewandelt wird.
Striping Delay-sensitive Packets over Multiple Burst-loss Channels with Random Delays (2006)

Multi-homed mobile devices have multiple wireless communication interfaces, each connecting to the Internet via a long range but low speed and bursty WAN link such as a cellular link. We propose a packet striping system for such multi-homed devices - a mapping of delay-sensitive packets by an intermediate gateway to multiple channels, such that the overall performance is enhanced. In particular, we model and analyze the striping of delay-sensitive packets over multiple burst-loss channels with random delays. We first derive the expected packet loss ratio when forward error correction (FEC) is applied for error protection over multiple channels. We next model and analyze the case when the channels are bandwidth-limited with shifted-gamma-distributed transmission delays. We develop a dynamic programming-based algorithm that solves the optimal striping problem for the ARQ, the FEC, and the hybrid FEC/ARQ case.
A wavelet-based combustion noise meter (2006)

The combustion noise of diesel engines can be assessed by filtering in-cylinder pressure traces. In this paper, two wavelet-based methods are discussed. It is shown that the statistical properties of a noise meter based on shift-invariant wavelet transforms are improved compared to one that is based on traditional (shift-variant) wavelet transforms. The application of noise metering for pilot injection detection is also presented.
Safe and efficient screening for sparse support vector machine (2014)

Sparse support vector machine (SVM) is a robust predictive model that can effectively remove noise and preserve signals. Like Lasso, it can efficiently learn a solution path based on a set of predefined parameters and therefore provides strong support for model selection. Sparse SVM has been successfully applied in a variety of data mining applications including text mining, bioinformatics, and image processing. The emergence of big-data analysis poses new challenges for model selection with large-scale data that consist of tens of millions samples and features. In this paper, a novel screening technique is proposed to accelerate model selection for l1-regularized l2-SVM and effectively improve its scalability. This technique can precisely identify inactive features in the optimal solution of a l1-regularized l2-SVM model and remove them before training. The technique makes use of the variational inequality and provides a closed-form solution for screening inactive features in different situations. Every feature that is removed by the screening technique is guaranteed to be inactive in the optimal solution. Therefore, when l1-regularized l2-SVM uses the features selected by the technique, it achieves exactly the same result as when it uses the full feature set. Because the technique can remove a large number of inactive features, it can greatly increase the efficiency of model selection for l1-regularized l2-SVM. Experimental results on five high-dimensional benchmark data sets demonstrate the power of the proposed technique.
Preparation and properties of Fe-B-Si-C amorphous alloys (1980)

The crystallization temperatures, magnetic properties, and density of amorphous alloys of Fe <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">x</inf> B <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">y</inf> Si <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">z</inf> C <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">z</inf> are reported for <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">72 < x < 88, 16 < y < 28</tex> , and <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">0 < 2z < 12</tex> . The peak value of 4 ± M <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">s</inf> is 17 kG in the as-cast state and occurs in the region of Fe <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">82</inf> B <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">13</inf> Si <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2.5</inf> C <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2.5</inf> . The crystallization temperatures, Curie temperatures, saturation magnetization, and density all appear to be average values of the ternary Fe-B-Si and Fe-B-C properties.
Twisted and coiled yarns for energy harvesting and storage, artificial muscles, refrigeration, and sensing (2022)

This overview focuses on our teams work on using twisted yarns and highly elastic coiled yarns for artificial muscles, energy harvesting, energy storage, sensing, and refrigeration. Despite the diversity of these applications for coiled carbon nanotube and polymer yarns, similar fabrication methods are applicable and conversion of coiling twist to yarn twist results in yarn elasticity, actuation, twistocaloric cooling, and the capacitance changes used for energy harvesting and sensing. Likewise, the same biscrolling method yields coiled yarns containing up to 95 weight percent of guest powders that provide various new properties. The obtained performance of the coiled polymer and carbon nanotube yarns are remarkable, such as artificial muscles that generate up to 98 times the output mechanical power than the maximum for the same weight human muscle and mechanical energy harvesters providing a higher peak electrical power per weight than prior art material-based mechanical energy harvesters for stretch frequencies between a few Hz and 600 Hz.
Modified Silicone-Rubber Tooling For Molding Composite Parts (1995)

Reduced-thermal-expansion, reduced-bulk-modulus silicone rubber for use in mold tooling made by incorporating silica powder into silicone rubber. Pressure exerted by thermal expansion reduced even further by allowing air bubbles to remain in silicone rubber instead of deaerating it. Bubbles reduce bulk modulus of material.
Prognostic Impact of Minimal Residual Disease in<i>CBFB-MYH11</i>–Positive Acute Myeloid Leukemia (2010)

We defined clinically relevant MRD checkpoints that allow for the identification of patients with CBFB-MYH11-positive AML who are at high risk of relapse. Monitoring of CBFB-MYH11 transcript levels should be incorporated into future clinical trials to guide therapeutic decisions.
Superplasticity of a duplex stainless steel produced by a direct strip casting technique. (1988)

Characteristics of superplasticity in a duplex stainless steel produced by a direct strip casting (DSC) technique have been studied. The thickness of a strip is 1.2mm. The effect of temperature, initial strain rate and cold rolling is investigated. The results are compared with the same type of steel manufactured by the conventional process. An as-cast strip shows superplasticity at 1273K. The superplasticity is enhanced by cold reduction through recrystallization and sigma phase precipitation during heating. An as-cast strip followed by 50% cold reduction without annealing is superplastic at 1173K or higher temperatures. The obtained maximum elongation of cold rolled strip is 1029% when strained for a rate of 8.33×10-4s-1 at 1273K. The mechanism of superplasticity in these materials is discussed. The precipitation of fine austenite phases occurs during heating, and the straining at a high temperature causes grain rotation so that the microstructure is equiaxed. Rapid cooling by a pair of drums makes it possible to reduce compositional segregation. The effect of cold reduction is remarkable by acceleration of precipitation of both sigma phase and austenite phase to supply large grain or inter phase boundary area. The superplastic ductility by the sigma phase is enhanced at a relatively higher strain rate range than by austenite phase. This may be explained by that sigma phase precipitation occurs faster than recrystallization of austenite phases at heating and straining stage.
Compact sources of polarization-entangled photons (2008)

We present several novel sources of polarization-entangled states based on beam displacer interferometers. These sources generate a large number of high-quality entangled photon pairs in a compact alignment-free layout and can work with both cw and pulsed pumps.
Investigation of Multilayer Pervaporation Membrane by Positron Annihilation Spectroscopy (2008)

To investigate the polyamide thin-film composite membranes structure in regard to the variation in the free volume in thin-film composite membrane polyamide active layers, positron annihilation spectroscopy (PAS) experiments using a slow positron beam were performed. The correlation between the pervaporation performance and polyamide active layer free volume explored using the slow positron beam technique was also investigated. The composite membranes were prepared via the interfacial polymerization reaction between ethylenediamine (EDA) and trimesoyl chloride (TMC) on the surface of a modified polyacrylonitrile (mPAN) membrane (EDA−TMC/mPAN). The variations in the S parameter at positron incident energies of 0.5−2.5 keV indicate a decrease in the S parameter when the concentration of EDA in aqueous solution increased from 0.5 to 10 wt %. The positron annihilation took place at the surface of the polyamide active layer for the variations at low S parameters and high W parameters (positron incident energy <0.5 keV). The positron annihilation occurred at the free volume in the polyamide active layer for the variations at high S parameters and low W parameters (positron incident energy: 0.5−2.5 keV). From the o-Ps lifetime results, the density of EDA−TMC polyamide active layer decreases along the thin-film growth direction from the aqueous phase toward the organic phase in the range of 1−2 keV positron incident energy. From the positron annihilation lifetime spectroscopy, the variation in the free volume in the EDA−TMC active layer showed a good correlation with the pervaporation performance.
Boron Profile Narrowing in Laser-Processed Silicon after Rapid Thermal Anneal (2003)

10.1149/1.1633764
Direct writing of planar ultracapacitors by laser forward transfer processing (2002)

We employ a novel laser forward transfer process, Matrix Assisted Pulsed Laser Evaporation Direct Write, in combination with UV laser micromachining, to fabricate mesoscale ultracapacitors and micro batteries under ambient temperature and atmospheric conditions. Our laser engineering approach enables the deposition of hydrous ruthenium oxide films with the desired high surface area morphology, without compromising the electrochemical performance of this high specific capacitance material. We compare three different desorption formulations incorporating ethylene glycol, glycerol, or sulfuric acid. The best electrochemical performance is achieved using a mixture of sulfuric acid with RuO<SUB>2</SUB> 0.5 H<SUB>2</SUB>O electrode material. Our ultracapacitors exhibit the expected linear discharge behavior under a constant current drain, and the electrochemical properties of these cells scale proportionately when combined in parallel and series.
PREPARATION AND CHARACTERIZATION OF MONOCLONAL ANTIBODIES TO PROTEASE NEXIN (1987)

Protease nexin I (PN-1) is a cell-secreted protease inhibitor which modulates the activity of certain serine proteases in the extracellular environment. To probe PN-1 functions, we prepared a panel of monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) against it and studied their effects on a variety of PN-1 activities. Three highly potent inhibitors of PN-1 activity have been characterized. MAbs pl-6 and pl-9 stoichiometri-cally block PN-l-mediated anti-thrombin and anti-urokinase activity. These mAbs block PN-l-mediated anti-trypsin activity less effectively. MAb pl-18 stoichiometrically blocks all PN-1 antiprotease activities tested including anti-trypsin activity and therefore appears to bind at the reactive center of PN-1. Heparin, which greatly accelerates PN-1 anti-thrombin activity, does not compete with the binding of these blocking mAbs. None of these blocking mAbs could bind to thrombin-PN-1 complexes. A mAb (pl-1) which did not block PN-1 activity was capable of binding to these complexes. MAbs pl-9 and pl-18 were used to immunopurify two forms of PN-1 which have different affinities for heparin-Sepharose. These have been referred to as the low heparin affinity and high heparin affinity forms of PN-1 (Scott et al., J. Biol. Chem. 260,7029-7034 [1985]). MAb pl-18 binds only to the high heparin affinity form while mAb pl-9 binds to both forms. Preliminary characterization of this low heparin affinity form reveals no major differences between it and the well characterized high heparin affinity form.
Video Description Length Guided Constant Quality Video Coding with Bitrate Constraint (2012)

In this paper, we propose a new video encoding strategy - Video description length guided Constant Quality video coding with Bitrate Constraint (V-CQBC), for large scale video transcoding systems of video charing websites with varying unknown video contents. It provides smooth quality and saves bitrate and computation for transcoding millions of videos in both real time and batch mode. The new encoding strategy is based on the average bitrate-quality regression model and adapt to the encoded videos. Furthermore, three types of video description length (VDL), describing the video overall, spatial and temporal content complexity, are proposed to guide video coding. Experimental results show that the proposed coding strategy with saved computation could achieve better or similar RD performance than other coding strategies.
Comprehensive Reliability Study of STT-MRAM Devices and Chips for Last Level Cache Applications (LLC) at 0x Nodes (2019)

To consider STT-MRAM as an SRAM replacement, the reliability of the MTJ devices has to be demonstrated. A comprehensive study of degradation of STT-MRAM magnetic tunnel junction barrier under stress is presented in this paper. It is found that the breakdown mechanism of such devices follows a consistent path of soft breakdown (SBD) followed by hard breakdown (HBD). We discuss the strategy to improve the write margin by reducing the resistance area product (RA) of the tunnel barrier. Finally, we link our single device reliability studies to similar endurance studies performed on our fully functional chips.
The Portable Instant Display and Analysis Spectrometer (PIDAS) (1987)

A field spectrometer covering the range 0.4 to 2.5 microns was developed that acquires spectra in 2 seconds at 872 points within the spectrum. The Portable Instant Display and Analysis Spectrometer (PIDAS) can acquire spectra every 8 seconds and stores up to 288 spectra in bubble memory. A hand held display unit allows for display of the current spectrum acquired and superimposed on one of 128 permanently stored library spectra. PIDAS represents a major advance in the technology of field spectral data acquisition and for the first time makes possible the acquisition of enough spectra to characterize the mean and intraclass variance within a LANDSAT MSS or TM pixel.
Field and Laboratory Testing of Approaches to Smart Whole-House Mechanical Ventilation Control (2018)

Whole-house mechanical ventilation is a critical component to a comprehensive strategy for good indoor air quality (IAQ). However, due to lack of integration with standard heating and cooling systems, and perceptions from a portion of the homebuilding industry about risks related to increased energy use, increased cost, and decreased comfort, voluntary and code-required adoption varies amongst regions. Smart ventilation controls (SVC) balance energy consumption, comfort, and IAQ by optimizing mechanical ventilation operation to reduce the heating and/or cooling loads, improve management of indoor moisture, and maintain IAQ equivalence according to ASHRAE 62.2.
Protocadherin-18 Is a Novel Differentiation Marker and an Inhibitory Signaling Receptor for CD8+ Effector Memory T Cells (2012)

CD8(+) tumor infiltrating T cells (TIL) lack effector-phase functions due to defective proximal TCR-mediated signaling previously shown to result from inactivation of p56(lck) kinase. We identify a novel interacting partner for p56(lck) in nonlytic TIL, Protocadherin-18 ('pcdh18'), and show that pcdh18 is transcribed upon in vitro or in vivo activation of all CD8(+) central memory T cells (CD44(+)CD62L(hi)CD127(+)) coincident with conversion into effector memory cells (CD44(+)CD62L(lo)CD127(+)). Expression of pcdh18 in primary CD8(+) effector cells induces the phenotype of nonlytic TIL: defective proximal TCR signaling, cytokine secretion, and cytolysis, and enhanced AICD. pcdh18 contains a motif (centered at Y842) shared with src kinases (QGQYQP) that is required for the inhibitory phenotype. Thus, pcdh18 is a novel activation marker of CD8(+) memory T cells that can function as an inhibitory signaling receptor and restrict the effector phase.
What Genetics Has Told Us and How It Can Inform Future Experiments for Spinal Muscular Atrophy, a Perspective (2021)

Proximal spinal muscular atrophy (SMA) is an autosomal recessive neurodegenerative disorder characterized by motor neuron loss and subsequent atrophy of skeletal muscle. SMA is caused by deficiency of the essential survival motor neuron (SMN) protein, canonically responsible for the assembly of the spliceosomal small nuclear ribonucleoproteins (snRNPs). Therapeutics aimed at increasing SMN protein levels are efficacious in treating SMA. However, it remains unknown how deficiency of SMN results in motor neuron loss, resulting in many reported cellular functions of SMN and pathways affected in SMA. Herein is a perspective detailing what genetics and biochemistry have told us about SMA and SMN, from identifying the SMA determinant region of the genome, to the development of therapeutics. Furthermore, we will discuss how genetics and biochemistry have been used to understand SMN function and how we can determine which of these are critical to SMA moving forward.
Local spin injectors using GaAs tips under light excitation (2010)

Local spin injectors using GaAs tips at the end of transparent cantilevers have been fabricated using a combination of epitaxial growth, etching processes and photolithographic techniques. The tip luminescence polarization is found to be small because of total internal light reflections of the luminescence inside the tip. However, measurements on planar films of similar doping along with a numerical solution of the spin and charge diffusion equations indicate that the injected spin polarization can be as high as 40% with corresponding electronic concentrations at the tip apex of the order of 1014 cm−3.
Model Studies of CBES (Chemically Bound Excited States) Decomposition. (1988)

Abstract : The molecule FN3, known as fluorine azide is a stabilized complex of excited singlet NF and N2, similar to other theoretically predicted molecules which are of interest as high impulse rocket propellants. Since little is known about the decomposition of these materials in condensed phases we have begun a study of the laser initiated detonation of thin films of FN3. It is hoped that analysis of the resulting emissions will yield a better understanding of the mechanisms which control release of the stored electronic/chemical energy. This report covers the first of three years work which includes development of an FN3 source and an apparatus to form and detonate FN3 films and collect emission spectra with microsecs temporal resolution. Data collected to date has shown that detonation of FN3 results in chemiluminescence at visible and near ultraviolet wavelengths. The emissions appear to be diatomic in origin and are most intense in the 350-500 nm wavelength range, but do not correspond to any of the known band systems of N2 or NF. These new spectroscopic features may result from energy pooling reactions between metastable NF intermediates, produced by the explosive decomposition of the FN3 molecules. Keywords: Fluorine azide, Nitrogen fluoride, Chemically bound excited states, Diatomic molecules, Detonation, Decomposition, Dissociation reactions.