gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
The tripartite CNTF receptor complex: Activation and signaling involves components shared with other cytokines (1994)

Recent efforts to understand the mechanism of action of CNTF have led to the identification of a three-component receptor complex for CNTF. The distributions of these receptor components explain the known target cell specificity of CNTF, and have also helped identify new and unexpected targets of CNTF action. In addition to including a CNTF-specific component, known as CNTFR alpha, the CNTF receptor complex utilizes two receptor components, gp130 and LIFR beta, that are shared with members of a family of broadly acting cytokines, including leukemia inhibitory factor (LIF) and interleukin-6 (IL6). The finding that the CNTF receptor complex shares components with this family of cytokines has led to the realization that CNTF should also be considered a cytokine--but one that differs from its relatives in that its actions are largely limited to cells of the nervous system due to the restricted expression of one of its receptor components, CNTFR alpha. CNTFR alpha does not play a direct role in signaling, but instead forms a complex with CNTF that promotes its binding to the signal transducing "beta" receptor components, gp130 and LIFR beta. Thus CNTF utilizes identical signal transducing receptor components in neurons that its relatives use on nonneuronal cells to elicit strikingly dissimilar responses, indicating that different cells interpret the same cell surface signal in dramatically different ways. The three CNTF receptor components are initially unassociated on the cell surface, and are brought together in step-wise fashion upon CNTF binding. CNTF first binds to CNTFR alpha, then recruits gp130, and finally complexes with LIFR beta. It is this last step in complex formation, involving heterodimerization between "beta" components, that activates intracellular signaling. Signal initiation is due to activation of members of a family of cytoplasmic tyrosine kinase, known as the Jak/Tyk kinases, which are preassociated with the beta components in an inactive state and then become activated upon beta component dimerization; the Jak/Tyk kinases, in turn, activate a variety of intracellular signaling molecules, such as members of the STAT family of DNA binding transcriptional activators. A detailed understanding of the mechanism of activation of the CNTF receptor complex has led to the realization that all members of the CNTF family of cytokines activate signaling in much the same way, by inducing either homo- or heterodimerization of beta receptor components and thus activation of the preassociated Jak/Tyk kinases; this mode of receptor activation may prove to be more generally applicable to all cytokine receptors.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
Variable compliance joystick for control interface research (2003)

Conventional joysticks are predominately movement sensing. Individuals with upper extremity impairments may perform better if provided with joysticks that respond to force as well as movement. This paper proposes a variable-compliance design containing both force and displacement instrumentation.
Scalable Multi‐view Registration for Multi‐Projector Displays on Vertically Extruded Surfaces (2010)

Abstract Recent work have shown that it is possible to register multiple projectors on non‐planar surfaces using a single uncalibrated camera instead of a calibrated stereo pair when dealing with a special class of non‐planar surfaces, vertically extruded surfaces. However, this requires the camera view to contain the entire display surface. This is often an impossible scenario for large displays, especially common in visualization, edutainment, training and simulation applications. In this paper we present a new method that can achieve an accurate geometric registration even when the field‐of‐view of the uncalibrated camera can cover only a part of the vertically extruded display at a time. We pan and tilt the camera from a single point and employ a multi‐view approach to register the projectors on the display. This allows the method to scale easily both in terms of camera resolution and display size. To the best of our knowledge, our method is the first to achieve a scalable multi‐view geometric registration of large vertically extruded displays with a single uncalibrated camera. This method can also handle a different situation of having multiple similarly oriented cameras in different locations, if the camera focal length is known.
Symposium U: Thermoelectric Power Generation. Held in Boston, Massachusetts on November 26-29, 2007 (2008)

Abstract : Symposium U brought together scientists and engineers working on high efficiency thermal to electric energy conversion technologies to discuss the most recent progress in materials, current theoretical and experimental trends, characterization, and device fabrication. The symposium was designed to emphasize the multi-disciplinary nature (materials science, physics, chemistry and engineering) of the research needed to advance the state-of-the-art technology. Over 175 abstracts were received. This was more than any of the prior thermoelectrics MRS symposia and a strong testament to the continuing interest in this area of study.
Design of Explosive-Driven Ferroelectric Pulse Generators with Outputs Exceeding 200 kV (2005)

The design and testing of explosive-driven ferroelectric generators (FEGs) with output voltages exceeding 200 kV is presented. The generator design is aimed at achieving high voltages in a compact device by explosively compressing stacks of ferroelectric ceramic discs. The ferroelectric used in this application is EC -64 lead zirconate- titanate (PZT), a hard ferroelectric ceramic with a high dielectric constant and a good piezoelectric coupling coefficient in the direction of polarization. The pressure impulse is generated by high explosive detonating cord and travels longitudinally along the polarization vector in the PZT. The effect of variations in the rise-time, width, and magnitude of the pressure pulse on the peak voltage has been experimentally studied by modifying the ferroelectric stack and explosive driver geometries. Different dielectric insulations are experimentally evaluated for good compatibility with the ferroelectrics and maximum hold-off voltage.
Nanomilling of Drugs for Bioavailability Enhancement: A Holistic Formulation-Process Perspective (2016)

Preparation of drug nanoparticles via wet media milling (nanomilling) is a very versatile drug delivery platform and is suitable for oral, injectable, inhalable, and buccal applications. Wet media milling followed by various drying processes has become a well-established and proven formulation approach especially for bioavailability enhancement of poorly water-soluble drugs. It has several advantages such as organic solvent-free processing, tunable and relatively high drug loading, and applicability to a multitude of poorly water-soluble drugs. Although the physical stability of the wet-milled suspensions (nanosuspensions) has attracted a lot of attention, fundamental understanding of the process has been lacking until recently. The objective of this review paper is to present fundamental insights from available published literature while summarizing the recent advances and highlighting the gap areas that have not received adequate attention. First, stabilization by conventionally used polymers/surfactants and novel stabilizers is reviewed. Then, a fundamental understanding of the process parameters, with a focus on wet stirred media milling, is revealed based on microhydrodynamic models. This review is expected to bring a holistic formulation-process perspective to the nanomilling process and pave the way for robust process development scale-up. Finally, challenges are indicated with a view to shedding light on future opportunities.
Functional vascularized lung grafts for lung bioengineering (2017)

End-stage lung disease is the third leading cause of death worldwide, accounting for 400,000 deaths per year in the United States alone. To reduce the morbidity and mortality associated with lung disease, new therapeutic strategies aimed at promoting lung repair and increasing the number of donor lungs available for transplantation are being explored. Because of the extreme complexity of this organ, previous attempts at bioengineering functional lungs from fully decellularized or synthetic scaffolds lacking functional vasculature have been largely unsuccessful. An intact vascular network is critical not only for maintaining the blood-gas barrier and allowing for proper graft function but also for supporting the regenerative cells. We therefore developed an airway-specific approach to removing the pulmonary epithelium, while maintaining the viability and function of the vascular endothelium, using a rat model. The resulting vascularized lung grafts supported the attachment and growth of human adult pulmonary cells and stem cell-derived lung-specified epithelial cells. We propose that de-epithelialization of the lung with preservation of intact vasculature could facilitate cell therapy of pulmonary epithelium and enable bioengineering of functional lungs for transplantation.
Boost-Cascaded-by-Buck Power Factor Correction Converter for Universal On-Board Battery Charger in Electric Transportation (2018)

A two-stage battery charger in battery operated electric vehicles (BEVs) and plug-in-hybrid electric vehicles (PHEVs) with wide output voltage range of 100-500 V is most suitable for all vehicle architectures. Existing battery chargers have a different limited range of output voltages of 36-48 V, 72-150 V and 200-450 V is achieved by varying the output voltage of DC/DC converters keeping a fixed voltage at DC link. A universal charger, which can address this wide range of battery pack voltages is suitable for all vehicle architectures. The most feasible way to meet this requirement of wide output voltage range is to vary the voltage at DC link with a fixed conversion voltage ratio at DC/DC converter. In this paper, we propose the use of cascaded converter in power factor correction (PFC) converters to achieve the wide DC link voltages for battery chargers. The primary focus of the paper is on the analysis and operation of boost-cascaded by buck (BoCBB) converter. The control implementation presented in the paper achieves a high input power quality, wide DC link voltages with universal input voltage ranges of 85-265 V. It also provides the degree of control freedom to operate even if the VNm (output voltage to the peak of Input) <; 0.5. Simulations of the proposed converter with 1 kW power rating are carried out in PSIM 11.0 software and the results with wide DC link voltage of 150-400 V are presented in the paper.
Photonic Band Gaps in Experimentally Realizable Periodic Dielectric Structures (1991)

By solving Maxwell’s equations for the propagation of electromagnetic waves in periodic dielectric structures (with dielectric constant in a uniform background sa), we found that several classes of periodic dielectric structures possess full photonic gaps, as in the case of dielectric spheres arranged in the diamond structure. These new structures have the additional advantage that they can be easily fabricated experimentally. © 1991 IOP Publishing Ltd.
A Versatile Tiling Light Sheet Microscope for Imaging of Cleared Tissues (2020)

We present a tiling light sheet microscope compatible with all tissue clearing methods for rapid multicolor 3D imaging of cleared tissues with micron-scale (4 × 4 × 10 μm<sup>3</sup>) to submicron-scale (0.3 × 0.3 × 1 μm<sup>3</sup>) spatial resolution. The resolving ability is improved to sub-100 nm (70 × 70 × 200 nm<sup>3</sup>) via tissue expansion. The microscope uses tiling light sheets to achieve higher spatial resolution and better optical sectioning ability than conventional light sheet microscopes. The illumination light is phase modulated to adjust the position and intensity profile of the light sheet based on the desired spatial resolution and imaging speed and to keep the microscope aligned. The ability of the microscope to align via phase modulation alone also ensures its accuracy for multicolor 3D imaging and makes the microscope reliable and easy to operate. Here we describe the working principle and design of the microscope. We demonstrate its utility by imaging various cleared tissues.
New Frontiers in Large Scale Reservoir Simulation (2011)

Abstract Giant reservoirs of Middle East contain substantial portion of the world's total hydrocarbons. Accurate simulation of these reservoirs requires as many as billion cells. A billion-cell parallel reservoir simulator was first presented in 2009. This paper discusses the progress in the past two years and future projections. In addition to black oil models, paper presents a large full field compositional model involving over billion unknowns. Throughout the paper grid size effects, computational work distribution and parallel scalability are discussed and illustrated. Paper also presents futuristic technologies for building and analyzing large simulation models.
Fully Printed, High Performance Carbon Nanotube Thin-Film Transistors on Flexible Substrates (2013)

Fully printed transistors are a key component of ubiquitous flexible electronics. In this work, the advantages of an inverse gravure printing technique and the solution processing of semiconductor-enriched single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWNTs) are combined to fabricate fully printed thin-film transistors on mechanically flexible substrates. The fully printed transistors are configured in a top-gate device geometry and utilize silver metal electrodes and an inorganic/organic high-κ (~17) gate dielectric. The devices exhibit excellent performance for a fully printed process, with mobility and on/off current ratio of up to ~9 cm(2)/(V s) and 10(5), respectively. Extreme bendability is observed, without measurable change in the electrical performance down to a small radius of curvature of 1 mm. Given the high performance of the transistors, our high-throughput printing process serves as an enabling nanomanufacturing scheme for a wide range of large-area electronic applications based on carbon nanotube networks.
Variable-to-fixed length codes and plurally parsable dictionaries (1999)

The goal of lossless data compression is to map the set of strings from a given source into a set of binary code strings. A variable-to-fixed length encoding procedure is a mapping from a dictionary of variable length strings of source outputs to the set of codewords of a given length. For memoryless sources, the Tunstall procedure can be applied to construct optimal uniquely parsable dictionaries and the resulting codes are known to work especially well for sources with small entropies. We introduce the idea of plurally parsable dictionaries and show how to design plurally parsable dictionaries that can outperform the Tunstall dictionary of the same size on very predictable binary, memoryless sources.
Nonaqueous Fluoride/Chloride Anion-Promoted Delamination of Layered Zeolite Precursors: Synthesis and Characterization of UCB-2 (2011)

The delamination of layered zeolite precursor PREFER is demonstrated under mild nonaqueous conditions using a mixture of cetyltrimethylammonium bromide, tetrabutylammonium fluoride, and tetrabutylammonium chloride in N,N-dimethylformamide (DMF) as solvent. The delamination proceeds through a swollen material intermediate which is characterized using powder X-ray diffraction (PXRD). Subsequent addition of concentrated HCl at room temperature leads to synthesis of UCB-2 via delamination of the swollen PREFER material and is characterized using PXRD, transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and argon gas physisorption, which shows lack of microporosity in UCB-2. 29Si magic angle spinning (MAS) NMR spectroscopy indicates lack of amorphization during delamination, as indicated by the entire absence of Q2 resonances, and 27Al MAS NMR spectroscopy shows exclusively tetrahedral aluminum in the framework following delamination. The delamination process requires both chloride and fluoride anions and is sensitive to solvent, working well in DMF. Experiments aimed at synthesizing UCB-2 using aqueous conditions previously used for UCB-1 synthesis leads to partial swelling and lack of delamination upon acidification. A similar lack of delamination is observed upon attempting synthesis of UCB-1 under conditions used for UCB-2 synthesis. The delamination of PREFER is reversible between delaminated and swollen states in the following manner. Treatment of as-made UCB-2 with the same reagents as used here for the swelling of PREFER causes the delaminated UCB-2 material to revert back to swollen PREFER. This causes the delaminated UCB-2 material to revert back to swollen PREFER. Altogether, these results highlight delamination as the reverse of zeolite synthesis and demonstrate the crucial role of noncovalent self-assembly involving the zeolitic framework and cations/anions/structure-directing agent and solvent during the delamination process.
A 3- <i>O</i> -Sulfated Heparan Sulfate Binding Peptide Preferentially Targets Herpes Simplex Virus 2-Infected Cells (2012)

Herpes simplex virus 2 (HSV-2) is the primary cause of genital herpes, which is one of the most common sexually transmitted viral infections worldwide and a major cofactor for human immunodeficiency virus infection. The lack of an effective vaccine or treatment and the emergence of drug-resistant strains highlight the need for developing new antivirals for HSV-2. Here, we demonstrate that a low-molecular-weight peptide isolated against 3-O-sulfated heparan sulfate (3-OS HS) can efficiently block HSV-2 infection. Treatment with the peptide inhibited viral entry and cell-to-cell spread both in vitro and in vivo using a mouse model of genital HSV-2 infection. Quite interestingly, the peptide showed a preferential binding to HSV-2-infected cells, with more than 200% increased binding compared to uninfected cells. Our additional results show that heparan sulfate expression is upregulated by 25% upon HSV-2 infection, which is a significant new finding that could be exploited for designing new diagnostic tests and treatment strategies against HSV-2-infected cells. In addition, our results also raise the possibility that 3-OS HS modifications within HS may be upregulated even more to accommodate for a significantly higher increase in the peptide binding to the infected cells.
Method for synthesizing N.sub.2 O.sub.5 (1985)

A method and apparatus for electrochemically synthesizing N.sub.2 O.sub.5 includes oxidizing a solution of N.sub.2 O.sub.4 /HNO.sub.3 at an anode, while maintaining a controlled potential between the N.sub.2 O.sub.4 /HNO.sub.3 solution and the anode. A potential of about 1.35 to 2.0 V vs. SCE is preferred, while a potential of about 1.80 V vs. SCE is most preferred. Thereafter, the N.sub.2 O.sub.5 is reacted with either 1.5-diacetyl-3,7-dinitro-1,3,5,7-tetraazacyclooctane (DADN) or 1,3,5,7-tetraacetyl-1,3,5,7-tetraazacyclooctane (TAT) to form cyclotetramethylenetetraamine (HMX).
Quasiatomic layer etching of silicon nitride with independent control of directionality and selectivity (2017)

Atomic layer etching has emerged as a viable approach to address the challenges associated with continuous or quasicontinuous plasma processes. To this end, the authors previously reported the quasiatomic layer etching of silicon nitride via sequential exposure to hydrogen and fluorinated plasma. The underlying premise was the surface modification via implantation of hydrogen ions into silicon nitride resulting in an anisotropic etch. In this paper, the authors will demonstrate that a similar enhancement in reactivity of silicon nitride can also be attained via diffusion of hydrogen atoms into silicon nitride with the resultant etch being isotropic. These results confirm the realization of self-limiting etch of silicon nitride with tunable directionality. Selectivity to oxide is &gt;100 and damage to underlying silicon can be minimized by optimizing the flux of atomic fluorine during the exposure to fluorinated plasma. Thus, hydrogen plasma step controls the directionality while fluorinated plasma step determines the selectivity to oxide and underlying silicon.
Starch Properties in Different Lines of an old Hungarian Wheat Variety, Bánkúti 1201 (2003)

Abstract The old Hungarian wheat variety, Bánkúti 1201 was previously divided into lines on the basis of high molecular weight (HMW) glutenin subunit composition. In this work the starch properties of these lines were studied. The amylose contents of the lines ranged from 14.4% to 24.2%, which means a wide variation. The Rapid Visco Analyser (RVA) peak viscosity of the starch ranged from 232 to 372 Rapid Visco Units (RVU) and the enthalpy of gelatinisation (Δ H ) measured by Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC) varied between 8.3 and 16.3 J/g. To study the relationship between the different lines on the basis of starch properties, Hierarchical Cluster Analysis was carried out based on RVA, DSC and HPLC results. Five groups of Bánkúti lines could be distinguished on the basis of these traits. According to the results, Bánkúti lines heterogeneous with respect to their HMW glutenin composition are also heterogeneous for their starch properties. Nevertheless, there was no correlation between the variability in protein composition and starch properties.