gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Design and Microwave-Assisted Synthesis of Novel Macrocyclic Peptides Active at Melanocortin Receptors: Discovery of Potent and Selective hMC5R Receptor Antagonists (2008)

Differentiation of the physiological role of the melanocortin receptor 5 MC5R from that of other melanocortin receptors will require development of high affinity and selective antagonists. To date, a few synthetic antagonist ligands active at hMC5 receptor are available, but most do not have appreciable selectivity. With the aim to gain more potent and selective antagonists for the MC5R ligands, we have designed, synthesized, and pharmacologically characterized a series of alkylthioaryl-bridged macrocyclic peptide analogues derived from MT-II and SHU9119. These 20-membered macrocycles were synthesized by a tandem combination using solid phase peptide synthesis and microwave-assisted reactions. Biological assays for binding affinities and adenylate cyclase activities for the hMC1R, hMC3R, hMC4R, and hMC5R showed that three analogues, compounds, 9, 4, and 7, are selective antagonists at the hMC5 receptor. In particular, compound 9(PG-20N) is a selective and competitive hMC5R antagonist, with IC 50 of 130 +/- 11 nM, and a pA 2 value of 8.3, and represents an important tool for further biological investigations of the hMC5R. Compounds 4 and 7 (PG14N, PG17N) show potent and selective allosteric inhibition at hMC5R with IC 50 values of 38 +/- 3 nM and 58 +/- 6 nM, respectively. Compound 9 will be used to further investigate and more clearly understand the physiological roles played by the MC5 receptor in humans and other animals.
Experimental Studies on Battery Low-Temperature Behaviors and Two Heating Approaches (2018)

The discharge and long-term cycle behaviors of a 18650 type Li-ion batteries under different operating environments are studied through experimental tests. As temperature drops to and below -10°C, the accessible capacity of the battery is significantly decreased, which is mainly attributed to the high overpotential arising from the dramatically elevated battery internal resistance that cuts off the discharge. After comparing the cycle test results of the 18650 type batteries tested in ambient condition and at -10°C, a dramatic capacity fading was found in the battery cycled at a low temperature, which is attributed to the irreversible lithium metal formation on the anode. Furthermore, two heating approaches, forced convective heating and alternating current (AC) heating, were tested on the battery. Significant temperature non-uniformity was observed in the battery pack heated by the forced convective heating. Comparatively, the AC heating can warm the battery evenly due to the internal heating mechanism, but it took a longer time.
Identification of the Band-Edge Cladding Modes of a Hollow-Core Photonic Crystal Fibre (2007)

The cladding-modes adjacent the photonic bandgap of a hollow-core photonic crystal fiber are identified. The results show that the bandgap is due to three types of resonators: the glass-apex, the silica- strut, and the air hole.
Synergism among BIOLF-62, phosphonoformate, and other antiherpetic compounds (1982)

9-[[2-Hydroxy-1-(hydroxymethyl)ethoxy]methyl]guanine (BIOLF-62) is highly synergistic with either phosphonoformate or phosphonoacetate when used in combination against herpes simplex virus types 1 and 2 in vitro. Acycloguanosine did not show significant synergism with these two compounds. Bromovinyldeoxyuridine and phosphonoformate were highly synergistic against herpes simplex virus type 2, but not against type 1.
A Robust Digital RRAM-Based Convolutional Block for Low-Power Image Processing and Learning Applications (2018)

Currently, there is a growing attention toward developing efficient hardware convolutional blocks for several applications such as computer vision or image processing. Recent works have shown that using binary values in convolutional blocks can considerably reduce the overall power consumption while achieving a high degree of accuracy. In parallel, some works employed resistive random-access memory (RRAM) as an in-memory accelerator to directly store the convolution kernels and perform analog dot product operations in the array, reducing the overall power consumption by limiting the number of memory accesses. However, such architecture is hampered by the limited resistance precision and large intrinsic variability of RRAMs. In this paper, we present a purely digital robust RRAM-based convolutional block using single-ended XNOR sensing capable of performing dot product operations in a single cycle. By carefully considering physical design and RRAM limitations at the 28-nm technology node, we show that at the circuit level, our architecture can tolerate a resistance window as low as 1.09, ensuring reliable operations even under a high RRAM variability ($\sigma /\mu = 25\%$ for a resistance window between both states around 50). When integrated in ISAAC, a state-of-the-art learning accelerator, our block can reduce the power by $2.7\times $ while guaranteeing robust operations.
Substituted 2,5‘-Bi-1<i>H</i>-benzimidazoles:  Topoisomerase I Inhibition and Cytotoxicity (1996)

Several 2'-aryl-5-substituted-2,5'bi-1H-benzimidazole derivatives were synthesized and evaluated as topoisomerase I poisons and for their cytotoxicity toward the human lymphoblast cell line RPMI 8402. This study focused on 18 2,5'-bi-1H-benzimidazole derivatives which contained either a 5-cyano, a 5-(aminocarbonyl), or a 5-(4-methylpiperazinyl) group. Among these bibenzimidazoles, the pharmacological activity of 2'-phenyl derivatives and the influence of the different positional isomers of either a 2'-tolyl group or a 2'-naphthyl moiety on cytotoxicity and topoisomerase I inhibitory activity were determined.
3D integral imaging display by smart pseudoscopic-to-orthoscopic conversion (SPOC) (2010)

Previously, we reported a digital technique for formation of real, non-distorted, orthoscopic integral images by direct pickup. However the technique was constrained to the case of symmetric image capture and display systems. Here, we report a more general algorithm which allows the pseudoscopic to orthoscopic transformation with full control over the display parameters so that one can generate a set of synthetic elemental images that suits the characteristics of the Integral-Imaging monitor and permits control over the depth and size of the reconstructed 3D scene.
Affine Parallelization Using Dependence and Cache Analysis in a Binary Rewriter (2014)

Today, nearly all general-purpose computers are parallel, but nearly all software running on them is serial. Bridging this disconnect by manually rewriting source code in parallel is prohibitively expensive. Hence, automatic parallelization is an attractive alternative. We present a method to perform automatic parallelization in a binary rewriter. The input to the binary rewriter is the serial binary executable program and the output is a parallel binary executable. The advantages of parallelization in a binary rewriter versus a compiler include: (i) applicability to legacy binaries whose source is not available; (ii) applicability to library code that is often distributed only as binary; (iii) usability by end-user of the software; and (iv) applicability to assembly-language programs. Adapting existing parallelizing compiler methods that work on source code to binaries is a significant challenge. This is primarily because symbolic and array index information used by existing parallelizing compilers to take parallelizing decisions is not available from a binary. We show how to adapt existing parallelization methods to binaries without using symbolic and array index information to achieve equivalent source parallelization from binaries. Results using our x86 binary rewriter called SecondWrite are presented in detail for the dense-matrix and regular Polybench benchmark suite. For these, the average speedup from our method for binaries is 27.95X versus 28.22X from source on 24 threads, compared to the input serial binary. Super-linear speedups are possible due to cache optimizations. In addition our results show that our method is robust and has correctly parallelized much larger binaries from the SPEC 2006 and OMP 2001 benchmark suites, totaling over 2 million source lines of code (SLOC). Good speedups result on the subset of those benchmarks that have affine parallelism in them; this subset exceeds 100,000 SLOC. This robustness is unusual even for the latest leading source parallelizers, many of which are famously fragile.
Perfluoroalkylation Using Perfluorocarboxylic Acids and Anhydrides (2021)

This chapter reviews perfluoroalkylation reactions using perfluorocarboxylic acids and anhydrides as user-friendly perfluoroalkyl sources. The methods described provide practical access to a diverse array of perfluoroalkyl group-containing molecules.
Investigation on the unsteadiness of centrifugal compressor exposed to pulsating backpressure (2021)

Centrifugal compressor is exposed to pulsating backpressure due to the movement of intake valves in internal combustion engine. The performance of compressor deviates from the steady performance map, which affects the matching between turbocharger and engine. The behavior of compressor system at pulsation conditions are investigated via an in-house developed 1D unsteady code validated by experimental results. The influence of pulse frequency, magnitude and compressor characteristic curve on the compressor transient responses, including filling-emptying effect and wave dynamics, are analyzed. Results show that the strength of wave dynamics grows stronger with the increasing of pulse frequency, while the strength of filling-emptying effect increases first then decreases. The rise of pulse magnitude results in an almost linearly increasing of filling-emptying effect, while it can hardly affect the wave dynamics. Furthermore, the influence of pulsation magnitude and frequency represents the influence of local pressure gradient, and a correlation as quadratic curve can be evaluated between the pressure gradient and compressor unsteadiness. On the other hand, the influence of operating point, including the average mass flow rate and the slope of characteristic curve, is confirmed to be evidently smaller, comparing to the influence of pulsation frequency and magnitude. This study is helpful to estimate the behavior of compressor and the discrepancy of performance when operating at unsteady environment or matched with engine.
22.3: <i>Distinguished Student Paper:</i> Full‐Color Transflective Ch‐LCD with Image‐Enhanced Reflector (2004)

Abstract A full color transflective liquid crystal display with low power consumption is demonstrated by using high Δn cholesteric liquid crystal (Ch‐LC) as an LC layer and building an image‐enhanced reflector (IER) on the top of the transmissive region. The high Δn Ch‐LC can reflect wide band wavelength to display white image. With conventional color filter process, a full color image can be shown. Additionally, an IER on the top of the transmissive region provides the similar paths for both transmissive and reflective light. The two regions can always display same image color in any ambience, thus to greatly improve the image quality of the full color transflective cholesteric liquid crystal display.
Active Sensing of Visual and Tactile Stimuli by Brain-based Devices (2004)

We describe the construction and performance of `brain-based devices? (BBDs), physical devices whose behaviour is controlled by simulated nervous systems modelled on vertebrate neuroanatomy and neurophysiology, that carry out perceptual categorization and selective conditioning to visual and textural stimuli. BBDs take input from the environment through on-board sensors including cameras, microphones and artificial whiskers, and take action based on experiential learning. BBDs have a large-scale neural simulation, a phenotype, a body plan, and the means to learn through autonomous exploration. Key neural mechanisms in the present BBDs include synaptic plasticity, reward or value systems, reentrant connectivity, the dynamic synchronization of neuronal activity, and neuronal units with spatiotemporal response properties. With our BBDs, as with animals, it is the interaction of these neural mechanisms with the sensorimotor correlations generated by active sensing and self motion that is responsible for adaptive behaviour. BBDs permit analysis of activity at all levels of the nervous system during behaviour, and as such they provide a rich source of heuristics for generating hypotheses regarding brain function. Moreover, by taking inspiration from systems neuroscience, BBDs provide a novel architecture for the design of neuromorphic systems.
IKK phosphorylates Huntingtin and targets it for degradation by the proteasome and lysosome (2009)

Expansion of the polyglutamine repeat within the protein Huntingtin (Htt) causes Huntington's disease, a neurodegenerative disease associated with aging and the accumulation of mutant Htt in diseased neurons. Understanding the mechanisms that influence Htt cellular degradation may target treatments designed to activate mutant Htt clearance pathways. We find that Htt is phosphorylated by the inflammatory kinase IKK, enhancing its normal clearance by the proteasome and lysosome. Phosphorylation of Htt regulates additional post-translational modifications, including Htt ubiquitination, SUMOylation, and acetylation, and increases Htt nuclear localization, cleavage, and clearance mediated by lysosomal-associated membrane protein 2A and Hsc70. We propose that IKK activates mutant Htt clearance until an age-related loss of proteasome/lysosome function promotes accumulation of toxic post-translationally modified mutant Htt. Thus, IKK activation may modulate mutant Htt neurotoxicity depending on the cell's ability to degrade the modified species.
High-Power Microwave Radiation as an Alternative Insect Control Method for Stored Products (1996)

Insect mortality studies were performed with a high-power microwave source operating at a frequency of 10.6 GHz at power levels of 9–20 kW to irradiate samples of soft white wheat, Triticum aestivum (L.), infested with maize weevil, Sitophilus zeamais Motschulsky, and ground wheat infested with red flour beetle, Tribolium castaneum (Herbst). These pests are common internal and external feeders in stored products, respectively. Samples at various age intervals from egg to adult were exposed. The results support the hypothesis that the insect-to-host dissipation ratio increases at frequencies >2.45 GHz. Mean mortalities ≥93% occurred for all ages of S. zeamais and ≥94% for adults and larvae of T. castaneum for mean specific input energies of ≥5I J/g and 53 J/g, respectively, indicating that S. zeamais is more susceptible. Extrapolating the results to the cost of treating the product in bulk volume at a busbar electric energy cost of $0.05 per kW-h (3,600 kJ) indicates a unit cost for electric energy ranging only from 0.056 per bushel of wheat infested with S. zeamais to $0.139 per hundred weight of ground wheat infested with T. castaneum.
Quantitative detection of trace impurities in gases by infrared spectrometry of cryogenic solutions (1978)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTQuantitative detection of trace impurities in gases by infrared spectrometry of cryogenic solutionsSamuel M. Freund, William B. Maier, Redus F. Holland, and Willard H. BeattieCite this: Anal. Chem. 1978, 50, 9, 1260–1262Publication Date (Print):August 1, 1978Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 August 1978https://doi.org/10.1021/ac50031a017Request reuse permissions Article Views47Altmetric-Citations13LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Characterization of the binding of antiproliferative factor to cytoskeleton associated protein 4 by surface plasmon resonance (592.1) (2014)

Interstitial cystitis (IC) is a chronic, debilitating bladder disease that affects mostly women and is frequently misdiagnosed due to lack of a non‐invasive test to detect the disease. While the cause remains unknown, biomarkers for IC have been described, including antiproliferative factor (APF), a glycopeptide that is detectable in the urine of 95‐97% of IC patients vs. normal controls. Validation of APF as a biomarker and etiologic agent for IC has been hindered by the absence of robust assays to detect and measure its concentration in patient urine. In this study, we evaluated the utility of surface plasmon resonance (SPR) to detect and quantitate APF in solution through binding to its cellular receptor, cytoskeleton associated protein 4 (CKAP4). We purified histidine‐tagged CKAP4 (HT‐CKAP4) and immobilized it on a NTA Sensor Chip surface via ionic interaction. Robust binding to CKAP4 antibody indicated that the purified HT‐CKAP4 was active and in native conformation; moreover, we demonstrated direct binding to APF analyte at a level detectable above the background control. Specificity of the HT‐CKAP4/APF interaction was confirmed by a competition assay demonstrating titration of CKAP4 antibody binding to HT‐CKAP4 by increasing concentrations of APF analyte. Future studies will determine the ability this SPR‐based assay to detect APF in urine from patients with IC with the goal of developing a non‐invasive, point‐of‐care diagnostic test for IC. Grant Funding Source : USA MED Research ACQ Activity W81XWH‐13‐1‐0454
A new preparation of nonaqueous dispersions (1986)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTA new preparation of nonaqueous dispersionsMohinder S. Chattha and Joseph C. CassattaCite this: Ind. Eng. Chem. Prod. Res. Dev. 1986, 25, 3, 453–456Publication Date (Print):September 1, 1986Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 September 1986https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/i300023a015https://doi.org/10.1021/i300023a015research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views122Altmetric-Citations6LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access options Get e-Alerts
Multimodal image registration based on compound mutual information (2005)

In this paper, we study image description based on compound mutual information (CMI) and its application to multimodal image registration. CMI is an aggregate information measure derived from the multiple marginal densities of image distributions. It extends histogram-based mutual information to that based on various marginal densities, which encode spatial intensity distribution and other image characteristics. Therefore, CMI can overcome the difficulties (such as the lack of spatial information) inherent in the color histogram, enrich the vocabulary of image description, and help improve registration accuracy and robustness. CMI is not sensitive to illumination and absolute appearance, and it is particularly suited for multimodal applications.
Comparison of Virus Isolation and Reverse Transcription Polymerase Chain Reaction Assay for Detection of Bovine Viral Diarrhea Virus in Bulk Milk Tank Samples (2000)

The use of a reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) assay to screen bulk milk tank samples for bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV) has proven to be a sensitive and economical means to evaluate the lactating animals in a herd. The assay is capable of detecting the presence of a single persistently infected animal within a group of several hundred cows. Over a 3-year period, 144 samples from 97 farms were tested for BVDV using an RT-PCR assay in conjunction with a classical virus isolation (VI) procedure to measure the relative effectiveness of the techniques. Virus could be detected with both methods when the milk from a single persistently infected animal was diluted 1:600 with the milk from a herd of BVDV-negative animals. Based on individual farms, there was an overall prevalence of 12.4% BVDV infection, and the correlation between the 2 assays was 95.9%. In terms of sensitivity, specificity, and turnaround time, RT-PCR was superior to VI. However, of the 17 samples that were VI positive, 4 were RT-PCR negative. RT-PCR may not detect all naturally occurring BVDV isolates because they may contain minor sequence variations in the primer regions. VI and RT-PCR are both suitable for detection of BVDV in bulk milk samples when used independently, but to increase the probability of successful detection and to provide cross-checks against assay contamination, it is desirable to utilize both methods in parallel.