gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Convective Assembly of Bacteria for Surface-Enhanced Raman Scattering (2008)

A sample preparation method based on convective assembly for "whole-microorganism" identification using surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) is developed. With this technique, a uniform sample can easily be prepared with silver nanoparticles. During the deposition process, bacteria and nanoparticles are assembled to form a unique well-ordered structure with great reproducibility. The SERS spectra acquired from the samples prepared with this technique have better quality and improved reproducibility for SERS spectra obtained from the same sample and limited variation due to the consistent sample preparation. E. coli, a Gram-negative bacilli, and Staphylococcus cohnii, a Gram-positive coccus, are studied as model bacteria.
BIST for phase-locked loops in digital applications (2003)

Phase-locked loops (PLLs) are an essential building block of most digital and mixed-signal ICs. This paper describes a built-in self-test (BIST) circuit that tests the key analog parameters of PLLs, using only logic gates that can be synthesized from a hardware description language (HDL). The parameters tested include lock range, lock time, RMS jitter, and loop gain (from which the natural frequency is calculated). Experimental waveforms and results are shown for a 200 MHz PLL which uses a phase-frequency detector. Test time is typically 10 ms, much faster than for conventional testing.
Bumped Kinase Inhibitor 1294 Treats Established Toxoplasma gondii Infection (2014)

Toxoplasma gondii is a unicellular parasite that causes severe brain and eye disease. Current drugs for T. gondii are limited by toxicity. Bumped kinase inhibitors (BKIs) selectively inhibit calcium-dependent protein kinases of the apicomplexan pathogens T. gondii, cryptosporidia, and plasmodia. A lead anti-Toxoplasma BKI, 1294, has been developed to be metabolically stable and orally bioavailable. Herein, we demonstrate the oral efficacy of 1294 against toxoplasmosis in vivo.
Ultrasonic analyzer (1990)

Views Icon Views Article contents Figures & tables Video Audio Supplementary Data Peer Review Share Icon Share Twitter Facebook Reddit LinkedIn Tools Icon Tools Reprints and Permissions Cite Icon Cite Search Site Citation Akira Shiba, Isamu Yamada, Keiichi Murakami; Ultrasonic analyzer. J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 1 May 1990; 87 (5): 2276. https://doi.org/10.1121/1.399148 Download citation file: Ris (Zotero) Reference Manager EasyBib Bookends Mendeley Papers EndNote RefWorks BibTex toolbar search Search Dropdown Menu toolbar search search input Search input auto suggest filter your search All ContentAcoustical Society of AmericaThe Journal of the Acoustical Society of America Search Advanced Search |Citation Search
A Method and Mechanism for Harvesting Intact Autograft for Osteochondral Transplantation (2019)

Cartilage plays an important role in reducing mechanical stress and assist with smooth limb movement. Osteoarthritis is the degeneration of articular cartilage and bone. This osteochondral region is difficult to heal because of its dissimilar healing capability, so osteochondral transplantation is the most common method to resolve this issue. Post-traumatic osteoarthritis develops after a joint injury and can damage the cartilage and accelerate its wear and tear. Mosaicplasty is the most widely used method involving transplantation of small cylindrical bone cartilage plugs to fill up the affected region. The success of harvesting a larger and complex shaped graft to replace the damaged osteochondral area lies in effective extraction of the cartilage-bone graft from the donor site. Currently, no method exists to perform this procedure for autologous transplantation due to the complexity involved to extract graft without damaging the donor site. In this paper, we propose a novel graft removal mechanism to harvest a personalized autologous graft of virtually any shape and size. Our method involves drilling a profile similar to the effected region on the donor site and slicing off the desired cartilage-bone graft from its root to harvest it. We developed a new graft removal mechanism capable of inserting a flexible saw parallel to the transverse plane and slice the graft parallel to the coronal plane to extract a donor graft for autografting procedures.
Integrin alpha11 is an Osteolectin receptor and is required for the maintenance of adult skeletal bone mass (2019)

We previously discovered a new osteogenic growth factor that is required to maintain adult skeletal bone mass, Osteolectin/Clec11a. Osteolectin acts on Leptin Receptor<sup>+</sup> (LepR<sup>+</sup>) skeletal stem cells and other osteogenic progenitors in bone marrow to promote their differentiation into osteoblasts. Here we identify a receptor for Osteolectin, integrin α11, which is expressed by LepR<sup>+</sup> cells and osteoblasts. α11β1 integrin binds Osteolectin with nanomolar affinity and is required for the osteogenic response to Osteolectin. Deletion of <i>Itga11</i> (which encodes α11) from mouse and human bone marrow stromal cells impaired osteogenic differentiation and blocked their response to Osteolectin. Like <i>Osteolectin</i> deficient mice, <i>Lepr-cre; Itga11<sup>fl/fl</sup></i> mice appeared grossly normal but exhibited reduced osteogenesis and accelerated bone loss during adulthood. Osteolectin binding to α11β1 promoted Wnt pathway activation, which was necessary for the osteogenic response to Osteolectin. This reveals a new mechanism for maintenance of adult bone mass: Wnt pathway activation by Osteolectin/α11β1 signaling.
Photoactivatable and Water Soluble FRET Dyes with High Uncaging Cross Section (2007)

Photoactivatable fluorophores are powerful imaging probes for tracking molecular and cellular dynamics with high spatiotemporal resolution. We have designed and synthesized a new caged FRET dye, CCC-1, comprising a caged coumarin and a water soluble xanthene dye. CCC-1 can be efficiently photolyzed by ultraviolet light. Its photolyzed product, CC-1, emits strong green fluorescence with a FRET efficiency of 95% when excited near 410 nm. The uncaging cross section of CCC-1 is about 6000 M-1cm-1 at 365 nm, more than a hundred times higher than caged fluoresceins developed previously. The probe is also biocompatible and has built-in functionalities for bioconjugation.
Penetration and bactericidal efficacy of two oral care products in an oral biofilm model. (2018)

This biofilm model proved to be useful and appropriate for pre-clinical testing of anti-plaque agents. A brief exposure of the biofilm to the tested toothpaste produced significant losses in bacteria viability across outer-middle-inner layers. The tested mouthrinse exerted its bactericidal effect mostly in outer and middle layers of biofilm. The penetration of Sn2+ in the biofilm performed an important function in the bactericidal effect of the toothpaste.
The First and Fourth Public-Key Cryptosystems with Worst-Case/Average-Case Equivalence (2007)

We describe a public-key cryptosystem with worst-case/average case equivalence. The cryptosystem has an amortized plaintext to ciphertext expansion of O(n), relies on the hardness of the Õ(n²)-unique shortest vector problem for lattices, and requires a public key of size at most O(n⁴) bits. The new cryptosystem generalizes a conceptually simple modification of the “Ajtai-Dwork” cryptosystem. We provide a unified treatment of the two cryptosystems.
Osteopetrosis and thalamic hypomyelinosis with synaptic degeneration in DAP12-deficient mice (2003)

Deletions in the DAP12 gene in humans result in Nasu-Hakola disease, characterized by a combination of bone fractures and psychotic symptoms similar to schizophrenia, rapidly progressing to presenile dementia. However, it is not known why these disorders develop upon deficiency in DAP12, an immunoreceptor signal activator protein initially identified in the immune system. Here we show that DAP12-deficient (DAP12(-/-)) mice develop an increased bone mass (osteopetrosis) and a reduction of myelin (hypomyelinosis) accentuated in the thalamus. In vitro osteoclast induction from DAP12(-/-) bone marrow cells yielded immature cells with attenuated bone resorption activity. Moreover, immature oligodendrocytes were arrested in the vicinity of the thalamus, suggesting that the primary defects in DAP12(-/-) mice are the developmental arrest of osteoclasts and oligodendrocytes. In addition, the mutant mice also showed synaptic degeneration, impaired prepulse inhibition, which is commonly observed in several neuropsychiatric diseases in humans including schizophrenia, and aberrant electrophysiological profiles in the thalami. These results provide a molecular basis for a unique combination of skeletal and psychotic characteristics of Nasu-Hakola disease as well as for schizophrenia and presenile dementia.
Performance analysis of the differential pulse-width pair Brillouin optical time domain analysis using the log normalized and linearly normalized gain (2019)

The performance of the differential pulse-width pair Brillouin optical time domain analysis (DPP-BOTDA) is evaluated experimentally using either the gain from log normalization or linear normalization for the subtraction of traces collected with pump pulses of slightly different pulse widths. Using pump pulses widths of 43 ns and 40 ns, amplified Brillouin time domain probe traces were obtained for 10 km of standard single mode fiber. Two hotspots of length 30 cm and 6 m, separated by more than the spatial resolutions of the individual pulses and kept in a temperature controlled hot bath facility, were interrogated with temperature variations from 5 to 70°C, having probe signal gain of ~ 40% at the Brillouin Frequency Shift (BFS). This research work demonstrates, for the first time, that the use of linear gains for the subtraction step in creating the Brillouin gain spectrum, produces results for small to medium Brillouin frequency shifts (≤30 MHz), that deviate from the results of the subtraction of the logarithmic gains by as much as 2 MHz (~ 2°C), particularly for hotspots of the order of the spatial resolution of the DPP-BOTDA. For hotspots longer than the spatial resolution of the technique, the difference between results of the two processing methods show BFS deviations only at the end of the hotspots.
All-normal-dispersion femtosecond fiber laser (2006)

We demonstrate a modelocked ytterbium (Yb)-doped fiber laser that is designed to have strong pulse-shaping based on spectral filtering of a highly-chirped pulse in the cavity. This laser generates femtosecond pulses without a dispersive delay line or anomalous dispersion in the cavity. Pulses as short as 170 fs, with pulse energy up to 3 nJ, are produced.
Online data-driven battery voltage prediction (2017)

We consider in this article battery state of power (SoP) estimation, in particular, we propose two algorithms for predicting voltage corresponding to a future current profile that is known to be demanded by the battery load. The proposed algorithms belong to the class of data-driven methods and are based on the Gaussian Process Regression (GPR) framework. In comparison to conventional model-based approaches, data-driven approaches circumvent the issue of observability of SoP from measurements, especially pronounced in batteries with flat open circuit voltage (OCV) characteristic. In addition, the GPR framework admits accurate modeling of a fairly complicated battery dynamics using training data. Finally, the considered setup enables a relatively easy access to training data whenever the necessity for retraining arises, such as due to battery aging. The proposed algorithms aim to handle diverse battery operating conditions involving smooth and abruptly changing voltage/current measurements with both relatively small and large training datasets. The algorithms are tested on two such datasets, and the measured prediction performance and computation time verify their viability for real-time industrial use. We conclude with a number of possible directions for future research.
Confocal theta line-scanner for imaging skin: a comparison to the point scanner (2004)

A confocal reflectance theta line-scanner provides optical sectioning of 2-10 pm and images nuclear, cellular and architectural detail within human skin in vivo, comparable to that of point scanners and histology. Key design challenges are mismatch between illumination and detection paths, linear detector sensitivity, pupil edge aberrations and pixel crosstalk.
Sex Attractants forAgrotis venerabilisandEuxoa albipennisBased on (Z)-5-Decenyl Acetate and (Z)-7-Dodecenyl Acetate12 (1979)

Male dusky cutworm moths, Agrotis venerabilis Wlk., were strongly and specifically attracted to ca. 20:1 (Z)-5-decenyl acetate:(Z)-7-dodecenyl acetate released at ca. 2–100 ng/h. Both (Z)-5-dodecenyl acetate and (Z)-7-dodecenol, which elicited strong responses in electrophysiological studies, proved to be powerful inhibitors of the attractancy. The ternary mixture (Z)-5-decenyl acetate + (Z)-7-dodecenyl acetate + (Z)-7-dodecenol was a specific attractant for males of Euxoa albipennis Grt.
Sketch-based generation and editing of quad meshes (2013)

Coarse quad meshes are the preferred representation for animating characters in movies and video games. In these scenarios, artists want explicit control over the edge flows and the singularities of the quad mesh. Despite the significant advances in recent years, existing automatic quad remeshing algorithms are not yet able to achieve the quality of manually created remeshings. We present an interactive system for manual quad remeshing that provides the user with a high degree of control while avoiding the tediousness involved in existing manual tools. With our sketch-based interface the user constructs a quad mesh by defining patches consisting of individual quads. The desired edge flow is intuitively specified by the sketched patch boundaries, and the mesh topology can be adjusted by varying the number of edge subdivisions at patch boundaries. Our system automatically inserts singularities inside patches if necessary, while providing the user with direct control of their topological and geometrical locations. We developed a set of novel user interfaces that assist the user in constructing a curve network representing such patch boundaries. The effectiveness of our system is demonstrated through a user evaluation with professional artists. Our system is also useful for editing automatically generated quad meshes.
Recombinant BCG Expressing ESX-1 of Mycobacterium marinum Combines Low Virulence with Cytosolic Immune Signaling and Improved TB Protection (2017)

Recent insights into the mechanisms by which Mycobacterium tuberculosis, the etiologic agent of human tuberculosis, is recognized by cytosolic nucleotide sensors have opened new avenues for rational vaccine design. The only licensed anti-tuberculosis vaccine, Mycobacterium bovis BCG, provides limited protection. A feature of BCG is the partial deletion of the ESX-1 type VII secretion system, which governs phagosomal rupture and cytosolic pattern recognition, key intracellular phenotypes linked to increased immune signaling. Here, by heterologously expressing the esx-1 region of Mycobacterium marinum in BCG, we engineered a low-virulence, ESX-1-proficient, recombinant BCG (BCG::ESX-1<sup>Mmar</sup>) that induces the cGas/STING/TBK1/IRF-3/type I interferon axis and enhances AIM2 and NLRP3 inflammasome activity, resulting in both higher proportions of CD8<sup>+</sup> T cell effectors against mycobacterial antigens shared with BCG and polyfunctional CD4<sup>+</sup> Th1 cells specific to ESX-1 antigens. Importantly, independent mouse vaccination models show that BCG::ESX-1<sup>Mmar</sup> confers superior protection relative to parental BCG against challenges with highly virulent M. tuberculosis.
Clustering appearances of objects under varying illumination conditions (2003)

We introduce two appearance-based methods for clustering a set of images of 3D (three-dimensional) objects, acquired under varying illumination conditions, into disjoint subsets corresponding to individual objects. The first algorithm is based on the concept of illumination cones. According to the theory, the clustering problem is equivalent to finding convex polyhedral cones in the high-dimensional image space. To efficiently determine the conic structures hidden in the image data, we introduce the concept of conic affinity, which measures the likelihood of a pair of images belonging to the same underlying polyhedral cone. For the second method, we introduce another affinity measure based on image gradient comparisons. The algorithm operates directly on the image gradients by comparing the magnitudes and orientations of the image gradient at each pixel. Both methods have clear geometric motivations, and they operate directly on the images without the need for feature extraction or computation of pixel statistics. We demonstrate experimentally that both algorithms are surprisingly effective in clustering images acquired under varying illumination conditions with two large, well-known image data sets.
High performance underwater UHF radio antenna development (2011)

In the context of future scientific oceanic observatories, this work concerns the development of a UHF radio antenna compatible with deep underwater transmissions. It aims to allow rapid transmission of large size files and real-time video. The solution under development is based on a radiating excitation isolated from the sea water by a buffer. The system presents several advantages: lack of sensitivity to sea water variability, robustness to axial rotation and to alignment between emitter and receiver, and ease of integration into classic underwater equipment. First measurements on a simple prototype present a bandwidth of 70 MHz around 2.4 GHz, appropriate for Wi-Fi communications.
Deterministic Nucleation for Halide Perovskite Thin Films with Large and Uniform Grains (2017)

Abstract Halide perovskite materials have come to the forefront of optoelectronics recently owing to their excellent light absorbing and emitting properties. Despite their excellent properties there are still problems that need to be overcome such as short operating lifetimes, and an observed hysteresis behavior in their current–voltage characteristics. It is found that these challenges could be overcome by developing a deterministic nucleation process using gold as a nucleation promoter to control the grain size of the perovskite layer. It is shown that this deterministic nucleation process can be expanded across multiple perovskite systems and can be used to achieve extremely uniform and large grain sizes within the perovskite layer. These large perovskite grains exhibit enhanced stability compared to current state‐of‐the‐art nanocrystalline films, and exhibit no hysteresis in their I – V characteristics which is key if commercialization of perovskites is to be realized.
Investigation of DC hybrid circuit breaker based on high-speed switch and arc generator (2015)

A new design of DC hybrid circuit breaker based on high-speed switch (HSS) and arc generator (AG), which can drastically profit from low heat loss in normal state and fast current breaking under fault state, is presented and analyzed in this paper. AG is designed according to the magnetic pinch effect of liquid metal. By utilizing the arc voltage generated across AG, the fault current is rapidly commutated from HSS into parallel connected branch. As a consequence, the arcless open of HSS is achieved. The post-arc conducting resume time (Δ tc) of AG and the commutation original voltage (Uc), two key factors in the commutation process, are investigated experimentally. Particularly, influences of the liquid metal channel diameter (Φ) of AG, fault current rate of rise (di/dt) and Uc on Δ tc are focused on. Furthermore, a suitable Uc is determined during the current commutation process, aiming at the reliable arcless open of HSS and short breaking time. Finally, the fault current breaking test is carried out for the current peak value of 11.8 kA, and the validity of the design is confirmed by the experimental results.
A lexicographic framework for MPEG rate control (2002)

We consider the problem of allocating bits among pictures in an MPEG video coder to equalize the visual quality of the coded pictures, while meeting buffer and channel constraints imposed by the MPEG video buffering verifier. We address this problem within a framework that consists of three components: (1) a bit production model for the input pictures, (2) a set of bit-rate constraints imposed by the video buffering verifier, and (3) a novel lexicographic criterion for optimality. Under this framework, we derive simple necessary and sufficient conditions for optimality that lead to efficient algorithms.
Transmission characteristics of a triple quadrupole mass spectrometer with leaky dielectric end plates (1988)

The use of a rf-only quadrupole in tandem with a normal resolving quadrupole introduces artifacts in the mass spectra obtained using such an instrument. The reason for this is the presence of fringe fields in the region between the two quadrupoles. We report here the use of leaky dielectric material in between the two quadrupoles to avoid these artifacts.
Fabrication and characterization of surface micromachined capacitive ultrasonic immersion transducers (1999)

In this paper, several innovative steps used in fabricating surface micromachined capacitive ultrasonic immersion transducers are reported. The investigation is focused on major steps in the device fabrication processes necessary to optimize transducer performance. Such steps include membrane formation, vacuum sealing, and electrode metallization. Three transducer membrane structures are evaluated: a nitride membrane with an oxide sacrificial layer; a polysilicon membrane with an oxide sacrificial layer; and a nitride membrane with a polysilicon sacrificial layer. Three vacuum sealing mechanisms are compared, each of which requires a different degree of lithographic sophistication, uses a particular sealing mechanism, and results in a sealed cavity. Submicrometer via sealing requires sophisticated lithography but is amenable to LPCVD nitride, LTO, and other sealing procedures. Standard g-line lithography results in vies which seal only with high sticking coefficient species, such as LTO. A novel etch channel structure, which results in lateral sealing and requires neither sophisticated lithography nor a particular sealing material, is demonstrated. Finally, the impact of electrode metallization on the impedance, bandwidth, and efficiency of the transducers is discussed. The experiments in the paper are guided by theoretical analysis and computer simulations when applicable. The new process results in optimized devices which have a broad-band 50-/spl Omega/ real part impedance in the megahertz range. A transducer dynamic range in excess of 100 dB is achieved around 4.5 MHz. An untuned transducer exhibits more than 100% bandwidth when connected to electronics with 50-/spl Omega/ input impedance. In addition, beam pattern measurement shows the immersion devices behave like uniform piston transducers and are readily suitable for array applications. The fabrication techniques and results herein reported indicate that surface micromachined ultrasonic immersion transducers are an attractive alternative to piezoelectric transducers in immersion applications.