gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Testing medical embedded software (2014)

This paper represents methods and techniques used for testing medical embedded software with the main focus oriented to tests automatization.
Layer-Selection-Type Recordable Optical Disk with Inorganic Electrochromic Film (2006)

We have introduced a tungsten oxide film to a layer-selection-type recordable optical disk (LS-R) as an inorganic electrochromic (EC) film. The EC film showed a large transmittance change in a wide wavelength range. Layer selection was demonstrated with a dual-layer disk whose spacing was 0.3 µm, and the capacity of a 20-layer LS-R was estimated to be 1 TB.
Free-Base and Metal Complexes of 5,10,15,20-Tetrakis(NMethyl Pyridinium L)Porphyrin: Catalytic and Therapeutic Properties (2017)

Porphyrins are tetrapyrrole macrocycles that can coordinate transition metal ions such as iron, cobalt and magnesium and are able to perform a diversity of functions and applications. In biological systems, these molecules are associated with proteins involved in photosynthesis, cell respiration, cell death, antioxidant defence, among others. The stability and versatile applications of porphyrins inspired the synthesis of derivatives including 5,10,15,20-tetrakis(N-methyl pyridinium-4-yl)porphyrin (TMPyP) that is the object of the present chapter. In synthetic porphyrins such as TMPyP, the catalytic and photochemical properties can be achieved by the coordination with a diversity of central metal ions. In photodynamic therapy (PDT), TMPyP and other porphyrins act as photosensitizers. The photochemical properties of TMPyP and other porphyrins are also useful for the fabrication of solar cells. The catalytic properties require the presence of a central metal. The MnTMPyP have antioxidant activity that is influenced the capacity of membrane binding, substituents, and meso substituents. Manipulation of the interfacial confinement properties is one of the newest application areas of porphyrins. The association of porphyrins with different surfaces modulates the electronic and physicochemical properties of these molecules. All of these properties are the object of experimental and theoretical studies discussed in the present chapter.
ChemInform Abstract: SIMULTANEOUS CARBONYLATION AND HOMOLOGATION OF DIMETHYL ETHER AND HOMOLOGATION OF METHYL ACETATE TO ETHYL ACETATE IN THE PRESENCE OF RUTHENIUM CATALYSTS (1978)

Abstract Entsprechend dem Reaktionsschema lassen sich Dimethylether und Methylacetat an Tris‐ (acetonylacetonato)Ru(III) mit Methyliodid oder NaI als Promotoren (Verhältnis An 1:5‐l : 12) in Ethylacetat als Hauptprodukt überführen.
Overview of a payment solution for NFC-Enabled Mobile phones (2016)

The present payment scenario involves payment through cash and smart cards. In the retail world, the point of sale terminal (POS) are used along with smart cards for the payment process. The problems with this system is that, it is very slow, less secure and time consuming. Since, contactless payment in India has got a big boost with the payment scenario joining the game. The proposed system in the paper, uses this same concept of Near field Communication (NFC) where Two NFC-Enabled Mobile phones are involved. To enable more security, the system will be using Cloud Storage. Also the system will provide security using the One-Time-password (OTP) which is a automatically, generated numeric string of characters.
Blood flow in microvascular networks. Experiments and simulation. (1990)

A theoretical model has been developed to simulate blood flow through large microcirculatory networks. The model takes into account the dependence of apparent viscosity of blood on vessel diameter and hematocrit (the Fahraeus-Lindqvist effect), the reduction of intravascular hematocrit relative to the inflow hematocrit of a vessel (the Fahraeus effect), and the disproportionate distribution of red blood cells and plasma at arteriolar bifurcations (phase separation). The model was used to simulate flow in three microvascular networks in the rat mesentery with 436,583, and 913 vessel segments, respectively, using experimental data (length, diameter, and topological organization) obtained from the same networks. Measurements of hematocrit and flow direction in all vessel segments of these networks tested the validity of model results. These tests demonstrate that the prediction of parameters for individual vessel segments in large networks exhibits a high degree of uncertainty; for example, the squared coefficient of correlation between predicted and measured hematocrit of single vessel segments ranges only between 0.15 and 0.33. In contrast, the simulation of integrated characteristics of the network hemodynamics, such as the mean segment hematocrit or the distribution of blood flow velocities, is very precise. In addition, the following conclusions were derived from the comparison of predicted and measured values: 1) The low capillary hematocrits found in mesenteric microcirculatory networks as well as their heterogeneity can be explained on the basis of the Fahraeus effect and phase-separation phenomena. 2) The apparent viscosity of blood in vessels of the investigated tissue with diameters less than 15 microns is substantially higher than expected compared with measurements in glass tubes with the same diameter.
Gene Genealogies Within Mutant Allelic Classes (1996)

A coalescent theory of the gene genealogy within an allelic class that arises by a unique mutational event is developed and analyzed. To interpret this theory it was necessary to expand on existing theory for populations of varying size. Two features of the gene genealogy--the average pairwise distance and the total tree length--within the mutant class and within the nonmutant class are found. An index, I, is proposed that describes the extent to which a genealogy is similar to one from a population of constant size (for which I = 0) or to a star genealogy (for which I = 1). The value of I is positive in growing populations and is generally positive for the gene genealogy for the mutant class. The value of I is negative for a population decreasing in size and for the nonmutant class, if the mutant arose recently. The results are discussed in the context of the infinite sites model of mutation, which is appropriate for nucleotide sequence data, and the generalized stepwise mutation model, which is appropriate for microsatellite loci. The same genealogical methods are used to find the probability of at least one recombination event between the nucleotide that defines an allelic class and a marker at a nearby linked site.
A Duplicate-Aware Data Replication (2008)

In this paper, we employ the data de-duplication technology to detect the duplicate data in the process of data replication. By avoiding duplicate data, data replication reduces the quantity of data transmission, and save the replication I/O bandwidth. In additional, the data consistency has been guaranteed in the same time. The work is a part of our project which is to build a wide-area disaster recovery system.
A Beginner’s Guide to Lambda Biology (1983)

INTRODUCTION Figure 1 is a portrait of bacteriophage λ . The phage particle is composed of roughly half protein and half double-stranded DNA. The size of the genome of wild-type λ phage is about 48 kb, corresponding to a mass of about 32 × 10 6 daltons. Extensive genetic studies have been done with this bacteriophage (see Campbell 1971). Mutations with particular phenotypes, such as the formation of clear plaques ( c ) rather than turbid plaques ( c + ), or other aspects of plaque appearance, as well as host-range mutations ( h ), played important roles in the early investigations. More recent work has made extensive use of conditionally lethal mutations, including, in particular, sus ( su pressor sensitive) mutations, also known as nonsense mutations. The mutational events leading to sus generate any of the three nonsense codons: UAG for the amber mutations, UAA for the ochre mutations, and UGA for the opal mutations. Most of the sus mutations in use are amber, and the symbol am is sometimes used for particular sus mutations. For work with sus mutations, two bacterial host strains are needed: one that does not allow the reproduction of the phage (nonpermissive strain), and a second in which the phage is able to reproduce (permissive strain or suppressor strain). Such suppressor strains usually contain a mutation in a tRNA gene, so that a new species of tRNA is produced that is able to give sense to an otherwise nonsense codon (i.e., to insert an amino acid at what would otherwise be a protein chain termination...
Large Signal Stability Analysis at the Common Coupling Point of a DC Microgrid: A Grid Impedance Estimation Approach Based on a Recursive Method (2014)

The design of microgrids at the level of distribution systems requires a stable behavior for multiple operation states. The tools used to study the stability of such systems require the estimation of the grid impedance. By the use of the grid impedance estimation around an operation point, it is possible to define a space variable-parameter to obtain a qualitative or quantitative measure from the operation to the unstable boundary. This study presents a comparison of the Kalman filter and the recursive least squares method for the estimation of the grid impedance. The grid impedance is estimated by the technique based on two neighbor operation points. The results were validated by a hardware in the loop and an experimental setup. Finally, the estimated values of the grid impedance of a microgrid are used with a large signal stability study of a dc constant power load.
Transcription of oxygen-regulated photosynthetic genes requires DNA gyrase in Rhodobacter capsulatus. (1988)

The regulation of the photosynthetic genes by DNA supercoiling in Rhodobacter capsulatus has been studied by using gyrase inhibitors in vivo and by measurement of mRNA levels of more than a dozen genes. The results demonstrate that the levels of mRNA for light-harvesting (I, II) and reaction center (L, M, H) proteins, bacteriochlorophyll biosynthetic enzymes, ribulose-bisphosphate carboxylase (EC 4.1.1.39), and the mRNAs from the open reading frames Q and R decreased immediately and dramatically upon addition of novobiocin and coumermycin. In contrast, the mRNAs for carotenoid biosynthetic enzymes, the cytochrome bc1 complex, and constitutively expressed mRNA under aerobic conditions for light-harvesting I and for reaction center (L, M) proteins are less sensitive to the inhibitors. In accordance with these results, the biosynthesis of bacteriochlorophyll is markedly repressed by gyrase inhibitors novobiocin, coumermycin, nalidixic acid, and oxolinic acid either under anaerobic conditions or during a shift from aerobic to anaerobic conditions. The synthesis of light-harvesting (I, II) bacteriochlorophyll complexes is also inhibited by novobiocin and coumermycin. The kinetics of specific mRNA changes and the differential sensitivity of anaerobic and aerobic genes to the gyrase inhibitors strongly suggest that DNA supercoiling is involved in the differential expression of photosynthetic genes in response to the level of oxygen in R. capsulatus.
Skin moisturization by hydrogenated polyisobutene—Quantitative and visual evaluation (2010)

Hydrogenated polyisobutene (HP) is used in topically applied cosmetic/personal care formulations as an emollient that leaves a pleasing skin feel when applied, and rubbed in after application. This effect, although distinguishable to the user, is difficult to define and quantify. Recognizing that some of the physical properties of HP such as film formation and wear resistance may contribute, in certain mechanisms, to skin moisturization, we designed a short-term pilot study to follow changes in skin moisturization. HP's incorporation into an o/w emulsion at 8% yielded increased viscosity and reduced emulsion droplet size as compared to the emollient ester CCT (capric/caprylic triglyceride) or a control formulation. Quantitative data indicate that application of the o/w emulsion formulation containing either HP or CCT significantly elevated skin moisture content and thus reduced transepidermal water loss (TEWL) by a maximal approximately 33% against the control formulation within 3 h and maintained this up to 6 h. Visual observation of skin treated with the HP-containing formulation showed fine texture and clear contrast as compared to the control or the CCT formulation, confirming this effect. As a result of increased hydration, skin conductivity, as measured in terms of corneometer values, was also elevated significantly by about tenfold as early as 20 min after HP or CCT application and was maintained throughout the test period. Throughout the test period the HP formulation was 5-10% more effective than the CCT formulation both in reduction of TEWL as well as in increased skin conductivity. Thus, compared to the emollient ester (CCT), HP showed a unique capability for long-lasting effect in retaining moisture and improving skin texture.
Comparison of the metabolic effects of recombinant human insulin-like growth factor-I and insulin. Dose-response relationships in healthy young and middle-aged adults. (1994)

The actions of recombinant human insulin-like growth factor-I (rhIGF-I) and insulin were compared in 21 healthy young (24 +/- 1 yr) and 14 healthy middle-aged (48 +/- 2 yr) subjects during 3-h paired euglycemic clamp studies using one of three doses (rhIGF-I 0.2, 0.4, and 0.8 micrograms/kg.min and insulin 0.2, 0.4, and 0.8 mU/kg.min, doses chosen to produce equivalent increases in glucose uptake). In younger subjects, rhIGF-I infusions suppressed insulin by 19-33%, C-peptide by 47-59% and glucagon by 33-47% (all, P < 0.02). The suppression of C-peptide was less pronounced with insulin than with rhIGF-I (P < 0.007). The metabolic responses to rhIGF-I and insulin were remarkably similar: not only did both hormones increase glucose uptake and oxidation in a nearly identical fashion, but they also produced similar suppression of glucose production, free fatty acid levels, and fat oxidation rates. In contrast, rhIGF-I had a more pronounced amino acid-lowering effect than did insulin (P < 0.004). In middle-aged subjects, basal IGF-I levels were 44% lower (P < 0.0001) whereas basal insulin and C-peptide were 20-25% higher than in younger subjects. Age did not alter the response to rhIGF-I. However, insulin-induced stimulation of glucose uptake was blunted in older subjects (P = 0.05). Our data suggest that absolute IGF-I and relative insulin deficiency contribute to adverse metabolic changes seen in middle age.
Evaluation of pharmacological activities and assessment of intraocular penetration of an ayurvedic polyherbal eye drop (Itone™) in experimental models (2013)

The significant antiangiogenic and anti-inflammatory activities evinced by the PHF merits further investigation for ocular neovascular and inflammatory diseases in humans.
Using ID-Based Authentication and Key Agreement Mechanism for Securing Communication in Advanced Metering Infrastructure (2020)

Smart metering technology plays a key role in Advanced Metering Infrastructure (AMI) in Smart Grid (SG). Smart Meters (SM) measure Power Consumption Data (PCD) of household devices and send it to DSO (Distributed System Operator) for further processing. DSO utilizes PCD for different applications such as monthly billing, demand response and other applications related to power system operation and energy markets. Secure communication between SM and DSO is of paramount importance. Certificate-based authentication is a de facto mechanism in ensuring legitimacy of communicating parties. But it incurs more computational delay as it involves intensive processes such as certificate management, revocation, and verification. ID-based authentication eliminates the risks associated with certificate management. A key agreement protocol based on ID-based authentication mechanism is proposed and analyzed for computational performance. This paper analyzes and evaluates both authentication mechanisms: certificate and ID-based mechanism based on computational times for suitability in AMI network. The experimental results show that ID-based authentication and key agreement mechanism are suitable for securing communication in AMI network.
Identification of Peptides, Selected by Phage Display Technology, That Inhibit von Willebrand Factor Binding to Collagen (1998)

A repeated selection of phages from a cyclic hexapeptide phage display library resulted in an enrichment of phages that bound to the monoclonal antibody (MoAb) 82D6A3 (an anti–von Willebrand Factor [vWF] antibody that inhibits binding of vWF to collagen). Two clones were selected that bound both to MoAb 82D6A3 and to rat tail collagen type I in a specific and dose-dependent manner. The two phage clones were further used in a two-direction competition experiment with vWF. vWF was able to displace phages from collagen in a dose-dependent manner with an IC50 of 35 μg/mL and phages were able to inhibit vWF binding to collagen. With the use of specific primers, the sequence of the cysteine-flanked hexapeptide inserts could be deduced. The two phage clones carried an almost identical sequence, CVWLWEQC and CVWLWENC, with a substitution of an N for a Q at position 6 of the hexapeptide. Sequence comparison with the known vWF sequence showed the presence of a comparable sequence at position 1129-1136 (VWTLPDQC), located between the collagen-binding A3-domain and the D4-domain. The two cyclic peptides, the putative corresponding vWF peptide, and a peptide with a scrambled cyclic sequence were synthesized. The two cyclic peptides inhibited vWF binding to rat tail collagen type I in a dose-dependent manner, whereas the linear vWF peptide and the scrambled cyclic peptide were inactive. For half maximal inhibition, 100 ± 12.7 μmol/L and 34.8 ± 8.59 μmol/L (mean ± SEM, n = 3) of the N- and the Q-peptide, respectively, were needed. The two cyclic peptides were also able to inhibit vWF binding to calfskin and human collagen type I, but effective concentrations were some 5 to 10 times higher.
Palladium(0)-Catalyzed Modification of Oligonucleotides during Automated Solid-Phase Synthesis (1999)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVCommunicationNEXTPalladium(0)-Catalyzed Modification of Oligonucleotides during Automated Solid-Phase SynthesisShoeb I. Khan and Mark W. GrinstaffView Author Information Department of Chemistry Paul M. Gross Chemical Laboratory Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27708 Cite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1999, 121, 19, 4704–4705Publication Date (Web):April 28, 1999Publication History Received22 October 1998Published online28 April 1999Published inissue 1 May 1999https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja9836794https://doi.org/10.1021/ja9836794rapid-communicationACS PublicationsCopyright © 1999 American Chemical SocietyRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views1107Altmetric-Citations79LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (1)»Supporting Information Supporting Information SUBJECTS:Biopolymers,Cross coupling reaction,Genetics,Nucleic acids,Organic compounds Get e-Alerts
Genetic and functional properties of uncultivated thermophilic crenarchaeotes from a subsurface gold mine as revealed by analysis of genome fragments (2005)

Within a phylum Crenarchaeota, only some members of the hyperthermophilic class Thermoprotei, have been cultivated and characterized. In this study, we have constructed a metagenomic library from a microbial mat formation in a subsurface hot water stream of the Hishikari gold mine, Japan, and sequenced genome fragments of two different phylogroups of uncultivated thermophilic Crenarchaeota: (i) hot water crenarchaeotic group (HWCG) I (41.2 kb), and (ii) HWCG III (49.3 kb). The genome fragment of HWCG I contained a 16S rRNA gene, two tRNA genes and 35 genes encoding proteins but no 23S rRNA gene. Among the genes encoding proteins, several genes for putative aerobic-type carbon monoxide dehydrogenase represented a potential clue with regard to the yet unknown metabolism of HWCG I Archaea. The genome fragment of HWCG III contained a 16S/23S rRNA operon and 44 genes encoding proteins. In the 23S rRNA gene, we detected a homing-endonuclease encoding a group I intron similar to those detected in hyperthermophilic Crenarchaeota and Bacteria, as well as eukaryotic organelles. The reconstructed phylogenetic tree based on the 23S rRNA gene sequence reinforced the intermediate phylogenetic affiliation of HWCG III bridging the hyperthermophilic and non-thermophilic uncultivated Crenarchaeota.
Adaptive pooling over multiple trajectory attributes for action recognition (2015)

We present a new approach for feature pooling in human action recognition. Instead of partitioning videos at predefined uniform intervals in a spatial-temporal volume as done with spatial pyramid matching, our method adaptively partitions in a pooling attribute space, defined by multiple trajectory-based cues. The pooling attributes include individual spatial and temporal coordinates of a trajectory, as well as its motion saliency, curvature, and scale. To determine partitions of the attribute space in an adaptive manner, we utilize KD-trees that separate trajectories based on their distributions within the attribute space. The generated pooling volumes are jointly utilized for action recognition via SVM weights learned by Multiple Kernel Learning. Through extensive experimentation on major benchmarks, it is shown that this adaptive pooling over multiple trajectory attributes leads to significant improvements in recognition performance.
NetHide: secure and practical network topology obfuscation (2018)

Simple path tracing tools such as traceroute allow malicious users to infer network topologies remotely and use that knowledge to craft advanced denial-of-service (DoS) attacks such as Link-Flooding Attacks (LFAs). Yet, despite the risk, most network operators still allow path tracing as it is an essential network debugging tool.

In this paper, we present NetHide, a network topology obfuscation framework that mitigates LFAs while preserving the practicality of path tracing tools. The key idea behind NetHide is to formulate network obfuscation as a multi-objective optimization problem that allows for a flexible tradeoff between security (encoded as hard constraints) and usability (encoded as soft constraints). While solving this problem exactly is hard, we show that NetHide can obfuscate topologies at scale by only considering a subset of the candidate solutions and without reducing obfuscation quality. In practice, NetHide obfuscates the topology by intercepting and modifying path tracing probes directly in the data plane. We show that this process can be done at line-rate, in a stateless fashion, by leveraging the latest generation of programmable network devices.

We fully implemented NetHide and evaluated it on realistic topologies. Our results show that NetHide is able to obfuscate large topologies (> 150 nodes) while preserving near-perfect debugging capabilities. In particular, we show that operators can still precisely trace back > 90% of link failures despite obfuscation.