gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A Method for the Verification of Subsea Equipment Subject to Hydrogen Induced Stress Cracking (2010)

Subsea oil and gas production systems can be subject to Hydrogen Induced Stress Cracking (“HISC”) depending on the material, cathodic protection and other factors. A failure in this kind of systems can lead to safety issues as well as environmental hazards and high repair costs. The analysis of recent failures has led to the recognition of HISC as a very important issue related to local stress and strain. This has necessitated the extensive use of Finite Elements Methods for the analysis of all system components. Since HISC is a recent issue, there are very few cases of such assessments reported in the literature. This paper is based on the assessment of the susceptibility of subsea piping manifolds of Duplex stainless steel to Hydrogen Induced Stress Cracking, which was conducted during the Skarv project by General Electric Oil & Gas. A variety of cases consisting of different loads and configurations were considered to give a broad assessment using a recently developed code (DNV-RP-F112-October2008). This work has led to the development of a set of procedures and models for the assessment of the entire system which is described in the current paper. The proposed methodology is useful for both design purposes and also for the verification of parts, which, if found to be non-compliant, would require redesign. In general, parts that were determined to be non-compliant using a linear assessment were found to be compliant through non-linear analysis, in fact 3D plastic analysis leads to a redistribution of stress and strain and hence, to lower values. “Cold creep” was not considered since the levels of stress and strain were considered to be low enough to avoid this phenomenon. As a consequence of this experience, a new methodology was developed, which is able to speed up the analysis process and to predict local stresses from only pipe elements. The latter permits the use of a linear assessment for bends, T junctions and weldolet even with misalignment and erosion, avoiding the need to perform 3D analysis. The second part of the paper describes this method.
Separation of Volatile Organic Compounds from Surfactant Solutions by Pervaporation (1999)

Pervaporation is gradually becoming an accepted and practical method for the recovery of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) from aqueous process and waste streams. As the technology has matured, new applications for pervaporation have emerged. One such application is the separation of VOCs from surfactant solutions, such as those used to remediate soils contaminated with chlorinated solvents, thereby enabling the reuse of the surfactant solution. In pervaporation, a nonporous hydrophobic membrane separates the surfactant solution from a vapor phase (vacuum) which extracts the VOC. As a result, pervaporation does not suffer from foaming problems commonly encountered with conventional separation processes. In this paper, the effect of surfactants on process fundamentals and recent experimental results with surfactant solutions will be discussed.
Optical orthogonal frequency division multiplexing using frequency/time domain filtering for high spectral efficiency up to 1 bit/s/Hz (2002)

Summary form only given. We have proposed a novel optical orthogonal frequency division multiplexing technique that can overcome the spectral efficiency limitation of the conventional WDM system. This scheme permits substantial overlapping of the spectrum and can achieve the spectral efficiency up to 1 bit/s/Hz in principle. For demultiplexing, we used a newly developed optical discrete Fourier transformer (DFT) instead of electrical digital processing, which is impossible to apply in the optical frequency range. The optical DFT was realized by using a set of delay lines, a phase shifter and a coupler in the frequency domain and bit synchronization and an optical gate in the time domain. In experimental demonstration of this scheme, error-free operation was obtained with a 0.8 bit/s/Hz of spectral efficiency.
Poly(Arylene Ether)s with Pendant Ethynyl Groups (1993)

Abstract Three novel bisphenols containing pendant ethynyl, hexynyl, and phenylethynyl groups were synthesized and used to prepare arylene ether polymers and copolymers. When heated to 250–350°C, the ethynyl groups react. After curing, the homopolymers were brittle due to the high crosslink density. Copolymers prepared using either 10 or 30 mol% of the ethynyl-containing bisphenol and either 90 or 70 mol% of the bisphenol with no ethynyl groups were relatively tough and formed creasible films. After a thermal cure, the copolymers became insoluble and exhibited high T gs and good thin film tensile properties.
General analysis and optimization of the four-detector photopolarimeter (1988)

The four-detector photopolarimeter (FDP) is analyzed for an arbitrary spatial configuration and any reflection characteristics (ri, ψi, Δi,) of the first three detectors. The instrument matrix A, which relates the output signal vector I to the input Stokes vector S by I = AS, and its determinant are derived explicitly. The essential condition that A be nonsingular (det A ≠ 0) is satisfied in general with uncoated absorbing detector surfaces, assuming that the plane of incidence (POI) is rotated between successive reflections by other than 90°. Therefore no special coatings on the detectors are required, and a thin dielectric (e.g., thermal oxide) layer would suffice. The differential reflection phase shift Δ is unrestricted for the first and third detectors and has optimum values of ±90° for the second. The optimum rotation angles of the POI are ±45° and ±135°. The optimum values of the surface parameter ψ are 27.37°, 22.5° or 67.5°, and 0 or 90° for the first, second, and third reflections, respectively. The following topics are also considered: (1) the partition of energy among detectors, (2) the effect of tilting the last detector, (3) operation of the FDP over a broadband spectral range, (4) choice of the light-beam path, and (5) calibration.
Universal-input, high-power-factor, boost doubler rectifiers (1995)

This paper describes new universal-input high-power-factor boost doubler rectifiers (BDR). The new rectifiers can be configured for low-line (90-130 V RMS) or high-line (180-260 V RMS) operation such that component stresses and the rectifier efficiency are approximately the same for both the high-line and the low-line input. As a result, significant efficiency and size improvements can be obtained compared to the conventional boost rectifier designed for universal-input operation. Results are experimentally verified on a 220 W prototype.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Information embedding using two-layer conjugate screening (2004)

In this paper, we described a method of embedding information in hardcopies that is both digitally and optically retrievable. The method is based on the concept of conjugate screening. Two screens are applied in the halftoning process, one of the areas that corresponds to the symbol to be embedded (object), and the other one for the background. Both screens can be conceptually decomposed into a two-layer structure similar to a multicenter dot. The top layer determines the overall halftone texture, while the bottom layer, which is conjugate for background and object, carries embedded data. Compared to other similar technologies, the proposed method is simple in computation and is robust to registration errors in retrieval.
Influence of Degassing and Nanoclay Loading on Physical and Flexural Properties of Epoxy (2015)

The mechanical and physical properties of epoxy-clay nanocomposites are known to be significantly affected by the dispersion and distribution of the clay particles in the epoxy matrix. The degree of dispersion of the clay particles in the epoxy matrix depends mainly on the processing parameters used to synthesize the nanocomposite.In this paper, the optimized high shear mixing parameters determined in an earlier work were used to disperse five different loadings of Nanomer I.30E nanoclay (1, 1.5, 2, 3 and 5 wt%) into DGEBA epoxy matrix. A systematic approach was adopted to optimize the degassing process of the mixture. X-Ray Diffraction (XRD) analyses showed that the optimum nanoclay dispersion was achieved for a degassing temperature of 120 °C. The flexural strength of the developed nanoclay/epoxy composite is found to increase by 15% for 1.5 wt% and due to the high stiffness of the clay, as compared with epoxy resin, the flexural modulus improved continuously with clay loading. The observed reduction in strength and fracture strain at high clay loadings is mainly attributable to the presence of clay agglomerations and voids formation. The diffusion of water molecules and maximum moisture uptake of epoxy are reduced considerably by the presence of nanoclay.
Encoding Color Difference Signals for High Dynamic Range and Wide Gamut Imagery (2015)

High dynamic range and wide color gamut are currently being introduced to television and cinema. This extended information requires not only more efficient signal encodings, but also improved color spaces. Due to the increasing variation in display capabilities, it is desirable to have a color signal encoding that is not only suitable for efficient quantization but also for color volume mapping. While an efficient method for high dynamic range luminance encoding has been put forward, a similar encoding scheme for color difference signals is not yet available. We address this with a novel color space representation that can be used for both efficient encoding of high dynamic range and wide gamut color difference signals as well as color volume mapping. We compare the performance, robustness and complexity against other color spaces in a variety of usage scenarios.
An improved, rapid competitive ELISA using a novel conserved 3B epitope for the detection of serum antibodies to foot-and-mouth disease virus (2018)

The highly contagious foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV) afflicts cloven-hoofed animals, resulting in significant costs because of loss of trade and recovery from disease. We developed a sensitive, specific, and rapid competitive ELISA (cELISA) to detect serum antibodies to FMDV. The cELISA utilized a monoclonal blocking antibody specific for a highly conserved FMDV nonstructural 3B epitope, a recombinant mutant FMDV 3ABC coating protein, and optimized format variables including serum incubation for 90 min at 20-25°C. Samples from 16 animals experimentally infected with one FMDV serotype (A, O, Asia, or SAT-1) demonstrated early detection capacity beginning 7 d post-inoculation. All samples from 55 vesicular stomatitis virus antibody-positive cattle and 44 samples from cloven-hoofed animals affected by non-FMD vesicular diseases were negative in the cELISA, demonstrating 100% analytical specificity. The diagnostic sensitivity was 100% against sera from 128 cattle infected with isolates of all FMDV serotypes, emphasizing serotype-agnostic results. Diagnostic specificities of U.S. cattle ( n = 1135) and swine ( n = 207) sera were 99.4% and 100%, respectively. High repeatability and reproducibility were demonstrated with 3.1% coefficient of variation in percent inhibition data and 100% agreement using 2 kit lots and 400 negative control serum samples, with no difference between bench and biosafety cabinet operation. Negative results from vaccinated, uninfected cattle, pig, and sheep sera confirmed the DIVA (differentiate infected from vaccinated animals) capability. This rapid (<3 h), select agent-free assay with high sensitivity and specificity, DIVA capability, and room temperature processing capability will serve as a useful tool in FMDV surveillance, emergency preparedness, response, and outbreak recovery programs.
Optical Power Limiter (1988)

Abstract : We have performed a fundamental study of optical/materials interactions which can be used for a passive control of the spatial energy (or power) distribution of optical beams. The study included materials for use in various spectral bands within the spectral range of the UV to 11 microns and the temporal range from cw to picoseconds. We concentrated on materials and concepts with broadband response. Materials studied under DARPA/CNVEO program include aromatic liquids, liquid crystals, semiconductors, and liquid suspensions. We have demonstrated optical limiting using nonlinear absorption in liquid crystals, optical self-action (self-focusing) in liquids and solids, and multiphoton absorption plus sub-sequent self-defocusing in semiconductors. We have theoretically modeled the nonlinearities in these materials and understand the limiting mechanisms although in the organic materials the magnitudes of the nonlinearities are not well understood. In the semiconductors we have developed a predictive capability that allows us to calculate the nonlinearity knowing only a few fundamental material parameters. In addition, we have developed a preliminary model that explains the very low limiting thresholds observed in a liquid suspension of carbon particles as due to nonlinear scattering from rapidly expanding microplasmas initiated by thermionic emission.
Comparative analysis of genetic variability among Borrelia burgdorferi isolates from Europe and the United States by restriction enzyme analysis, gene restriction fragment length polymorphism, and pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (1993)

The genomes of 62 North American and European Borrelia burgdorferi isolates were examined by restriction endonuclease analysis (REA), gene probe restriction fragment length polymorphism, and pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE). Hybridization of restriction fragments with the immunologically relevant 83-kDa antigen gene revealed polymorphisms and divided the isolates into three major groups. Group I included all but two of the American isolates and some of the European isolates. One of two Californian isolates (DN 127) and one Ixodes dammini isolate from New York (strain 25015), previously described as atypical, were distinct from the isolates in the three groups. Plasmid profile analysis and REA, the method with the highest level of discrimination, revealed extensive heterogeneity among isolates of the same major group. Our study demonstrates the usefulness of the 83-kDa antigen gene probe for dividing the isolates into major genogroups, whereas REA and plasmid profile analysis allow for a distinction of individual strains within these groups.
A method to control magnetism in individual strain-mediated magnetoelectric islands (2013)

Patterned electrodes on a piezoelectric substrate are demonstrated to produce a localized strain of sufficient magnitude to control the magnetic anisotropy of a Ni island. Strain-induced magnetic anisotropy was measured using the magneto-optical Kerr effect, and the measured shifts in magnetic anisotropy were consistent with strain predicted using linear finite element analysis. This approach overcomes the effect of the substrate clamping the in-plane strain and should be scalable to thin films. This approach represents a key step toward realizing the next generation of strain mediated magneto-electric magnetic random access memory devices with low writing energy and high writing speed.
Hypothermic Robotic Radical Prostatectomy: Impact on Continence (2009)

Local hypothermia during prostatectomy resulted in a significant improvement in early postoperative zero pad continence rates. Longer and deeper cooling appears to be associated with improved continence, particularly among older patients.
Structural mechanisms of starch dephosphorylation (769.2) (2014)

Starch is comprised of glucose chains long enough to interact and self‐assemble into tightly packed helices that make starch water‐insoluble. Plants utilize reversible phosphorylation of glucose residues within starch to disrupt the helices and render the granule surface accessible to hydrolyzing enzymes. Glucan dikinases solubilize starch outer glucan chains by phosphorylating different positions on glucose units and allow starch degradation to initiate. However, β‐amylase activity is inhibited when a phosphate group is reached and glucan phosphatases must then act. We initially discovered glucan phosphatase activity and now define the structural basis of dephosphorylation by glucan phosphatases. We determined the structure of two Arabidopsis starch glucan phosphatases Starch Excess 4 (SEX4) and Like Sex Four2 (LSF2) both with phospho‐glucan bound and without glucan. SEX4 utilizes a carbohydrate binding module to position the oxygen of the C6 carbon into its catalytic cleft. LSF2 binds maltohexaose‐phosphate using an aromatic channel within an extended phosphatase active site and positions the C3 carbon into its active site. These structures are the first of glucan‐bound glucan phosphatases, and they provide insights into the molecular basis of this agriculturally‐ and industry‐relevant enzyme family, and their unique mechanisms of catalysis, substrate specificity, and interaction with starch. Grant Funding Source : NSF CAREER MCB1252345, NIH R01NS070899, KSEF 2268‐RDE‐014
The Isolation of Salmonellae from Poultry Environmental Samples by Several Enrichment Procedures Using Plating Media with and Without Novobiocin (1990)

A two-part study was conducted to examine the efficacy of several enrichment-broth techniques and of plating media for detecting salmonellae from poultry environmental samples. The data are reported on pooled samples collected from five poultry houses. The samples were cultured for salmonellae, using up to four different enrichment procedures and employing plating media with and without novobiocin. The primary enrichment-broth procedures were: 1) buffered peptone water preenrichment to Hajna's tetrathionate (TT) broth; and 2) direct inoculation in TT broth. The delayed secondary-enrichment procedure involved prolonged incubation at room temperature and transfer of the primary broths. The plating media consisted of: 1) xylose lysine desoxycholate agar (XLD); 2) xylose lysine desoxycholate agar containing 15 or 20 micrograms per mL of novobiocin (XLDN); 3) brilliant green sulfapyridine agar (BGSP); and 4) brillant green agar containing 20 micrograms per mL of novobiocin (BGN). Of the 94 Salmonella-positive recoveries from the enrichment broths in which complete comparisons could be made, an average of 75% were recovered from the primary enrichment broths and an average of 86% were recovered from the delayed secondary-enrichment broths. Of the 254 Salmonella-positive isolations in which complete comparisons could be made, an average of 65% were isolated on the plating media without novobiocin and an average of 97% were isolated on the plating media containing novobiocin. Overall, the delayed secondary enrichment and enteric plates supplemented with novobiocin significantly improved Salmonella detection from the farm environmental samples.
Universal calibration for microwave moisture sensors for granular materials (2002)

A universal calibration method for microwave moisture sensors for granular materials is presented. The method is based on measurement of the dielectric properties and the use of a complex-plane representation of the normalized complex permittivity. Effectiveness of this method in moisture content prediction is tested for granular materials presenting significant structural and compositional differences. A single moisture calibration equation is given at 9.46 GHz and 24/spl deg/C for wheat, oats and soybeans.
A small nucleolar RNA:ribozyme hybrid cleaves a nucleolar RNA target in vivo with near-perfect efficiency (yeastynucleolus) (1999)

A hammerhead ribozyme has been localized to the yeast nucleolus by using the U3 small nucleolar RNA as a carrier. The hybrid small nucleolar RNA:ribozyme, desig- nated a ''snorbozyme,'' is metabolically stable and cleaves a target U3 RNA with nearly 100% efficiency in vivo. This is the most efficient in vivo cleavage reported for a trans-acting ribozyme. A key advantage of the model substrate featured is that a stable, trimmed cleavage product accumulates. This property allows accurate kinetic measurements of authentic cleavage in vivo. The system offers new avenues for developing effective ribozymes for research and therapeutic applications. Ribozymes have enormous potential in basic research and biotechnology with special promise for applications in human medicine (1, 2). In this context, a catalytic RNA is designed to specifically recognize, interact with, and alter a target mole- cule. The best-characterized ribozymes are hydrolytic nucle-
Dual-mode circular waveguide filters without tuning screws (1992)

The manufacture of dual-mode circular waveguide filters is a complex and labor-intensive task that could be greatly simplified with the use of accurate and fast CAD tools to predict the electrical behavior of the structures being developed. This is especially true for the tuning screws assembly that is an integral part of this type of filter. A method is proposed for the rigorous and efficient analysis of the tuning screws assembly for dual-mode filters in circular waveguides. The method is based on the introduction of a new waveguide called a ridged circular waveguide and in its use as a key component for the implementation of dual-mode filters. The modal spectrum of the ridged circular waveguide is investigated using the finite-element technique to show how the introduction of this waveguide can effectively resolve the problem of the CAD of the tuning screws in dual-mode filters in circular waveguides.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Unambiguous SAR Signal Reconstruction From Nonuniform Displaced Phase Center Sampling (2004)

The displaced phase center (DPC) technique will enable a wide-swath synthetic aperture radar (SAR) with high azimuth resolution. In a classic DPC system, the pulse repetition frequency (PRF) has to be chosen such that the SAR carrier moves just one half of its antenna length between subsequent radar pulses. Any deviation from this PRF will result in a nonuniform sampling of the synthetic aperture. This letter derives an innovative reconstruction algorithm and shows that an unambiguous reconstruction of a SAR signal is possible for nonuniform sampling of the synthetic aperture. This algorithm will also have great potential for multistatic satellite constellations as well as the dual receive antenna mode in Radarsat 2 and TerraSAR-X.
Pharmacokinetics, biodistribution, and antitumor efficacy of a human glandular kallikrein 2 (hK2)‐activated thapsigargin prodrug (2005)

The hK2-activated prodrug was stable in vivo. The prodrug, however, was rapidly cleared and difficult to administer over prolonged dosing interval. Additional studies are underway to assess antitumor efficacy with prolonged administration of higher subcutaneous doses of prodrug. Second-generation hK2-activated thapsigargin prodrugs with increased half-lives and improved formulations are also under development.
Extending the R-2R lens to 360° (1984)

The R.2R lens is a remarkable microwave device that provides perfect focusing, giving multiple simultaneous antenna beams from a circular or cylindrical array. However, the perfect focusing of the R-2R brings with it a serious limitation on angular coverage as a result of the angular doubling that enters when the array elements in the antenna are connected to the launcher elements on the lens periphery. We have now found a way to modify the R-2R concept so that a full circle of array elements can be mapped onto a full circle of beam ports. The new mapping makes use of hybrid junctions and either four or six physical lenses. The interconnections result in <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">360\deg</tex> of simultaneous antenna beams, each of which can be used both for transmission and for reception.