gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Uptake, translocation and bioavailability of imidacloprid in several hop varieties (2003)

The neonicotinoid insecticide imidacloprid is the most important insecticide in hop cultivation in Germany. A laboratory study was undertaken to investigate its systemic properties and translaminar bioavailability in hop leaves. Radiolabelled [methylene-14C]imidacloprid was applied either alone or in combination with different additives onto leaves of several hop varieties. Uptake and translocation were evaluated 1 and 7 days after foliar application under greenhouse conditions. The uptake of imidacloprid into hop leaves was most pronounced in the first 24 h after application and only negligible amounts were taken up after this period. Significant differences in the quantitative uptake occurred when imidacloprid was combined with additives, such as Amulsol, Genapol C-100, Hasten and LI 700. The uptake of imidacloprid applied without additives was less than 10% 7 days after application, whereas the combination with LI 700 provided 70-80% uptake. Genapol C-100 and Amulsol induced considerable phytotoxicity at the application site. Comparing hop varieties revealed differences up to twofold in foliar penetration of imidacloprid. The translaminar and acropetal bioavailability of imidacloprid foliarly applied to hop leaves was determined by a laboratory bioassay using the damson hop aphid, Phorodon humuli (Schrank). Significantly higher mortality was observed with laboratory formulations containing imidacloprid and the additive LI 700. In contrast to these results from systemic tests, contact mortality at the application site was constantly high over the testing period of 7 days, highlighting the importance of this mode of entry for aphid intoxication.
Hollow Microsphere with Mesoporous Shell by Pickering Emulsion Polymerization as a Potential Colloidal Collector for Organic Contaminants in Water (2014)

Submicrometer hollow microspheres with mesoporous shells were prepared by a simple one-pot strategy. Colloidal silica particles were used as a particle stabilizer to emulsify the oil phase, which was composed of a polymerizable silicon monomer (TPM) and an inert organic solvent (PEA). The low interfacial tension between colloidal silica particles and TPM helped to form a Pickering emulsion with small droplet sizes. After the polymerization of TPM, the more hydrophobic PEA formed a liquid core, leading to a hollow structure after its removal by evaporation. BET results indicated that the shell of a hollow particle was mesoporous with a specific surface area over 400 m(2)·g(-1). With PEA as the core and silica as the shell, each resultant hollow particle had a hydrophobic cavity and an amphiphilic surface, thus serving as a good colloidal collector for hydrophobic contaminants in water.
Experimental System Identification, Feed-Forward Control, and Hysteresis Compensation of a 2-DOF Mechanism (2013)

Most of the micro/nano manipulation mechanisms and systems are commonly based on flexure-based monolithic structures, and are generally driven by piezoelectric actuators. In the presented work, experimental system identification, 1-DOF trajectory tracking with feed-forward control, and hysteresis compensation are investigated. An experimental research facility with laser interferometry-based sensing and measurement technique is established. System identification experiments were performed on a 2-DOF flexure-based mechanism to investigate its dynamics. The system identification procedure, experimental design, data acquisition, analysis and validation of the identified system are presented in details. A linear sine swept signal is applied to the system as an input and the corresponding response of the system is measured with laser interferometry-based sensing and measurement technique. The experimental results are used to evaluate the transfer function and the first natural frequency of the system in the X and Y axes. Experimental validation data is used to verify the accuracy of the identified model. Further, a feed-forward controller is established to track a 1-DOF smooth multiple-frequency trajectory. For hysteresis compensation, inverse PI (Prandtl–Ishlinskii) model is derived from classical PI model. The parameters of the inverse PI model is estimated and validated with the experimental data. Finally, inverse PI model is directly adopted as a feed-forward controller for hysteresis compensation of piezoelectric actuators.
Noncollocated adaptive-passive vibration control using self-tuning vibration absorbers (1998)

Presented in this paper is the development of a control law for tuning a variable stiffness vibration absorber to attenuate single frequency excitation in a noncollocated situation. The control law is comprised of two distinct parts. First, a /spl plusmn/90/spl deg/ phase condition between the motion of the vibration absorber and the location of interest is used to determine tuning direction. Next, a feedback based tuning strategy is used to precisely tune the vibration absorber for performance maximization. The feedback tuning strategy is based on the classical feedback structure of a regulating system. The absorber is tuned such that the accelerometer voltage resulting from the measurement of vibration of the point of interest is minimized. An experimental verification of this control law is shown.
Diffusion Behavior of Point Defects in Si Crystal during Melt Growth IV: Numerical Analysis (1994)

This paper describes a numerical analysis technique for the solution of the phenomenological diffusion equations of point defects in silicon single crystals during melt growth. The calculation, which assumes an entropy barrier against the pair annihilation reaction between point defects (self-interstitials and vacancies), gives a distribution of point defects which closely agrees with the distribution of grown-in crystal defects observed in CZ-crystals.
Connection admission control for mobile multiple-class personal communications networks (2002)

We investigate the connection admission control problem in mobile personal communications networks. In contrast to other studies on this aspect which either focused on only single-class call connections or ignored user mobility, our study directly addresses the connection admission control for multiple-class calls with user mobility. A generic class of coordinate-convex admission control policies is considered. An efficient numerical method is proposed to derive the connection-level quality of service (QoS) and is verified with computer simulation results. The proposed analysis may be employed in a network design tool for studying the admission control policy and selecting system parameters to satisfy the required connection-level QoS.
Downmodulation of mitochondrial F<sub>0</sub>F<sub>1</sub>ATP synthase by diazoxide in cardiac myoblasts: a dual effect of the drug (2007)

Similar to ischemic preconditioning, diazoxide was documented to elicit beneficial bioenergetic consequences linked to cardioprotection. Inhibition of ATPase activity of mitochondrial F(0)F(1) ATP synthase may have a role in such effect and may involve the natural inhibitor protein IF(1). We recently documented, using purified enzyme and isolated mitochondrial membranes from beef heart, that diazoxide interacts with the F(1) sector of F(0)F(1) ATP synthase by promoting IF(1) binding and reversibly inhibiting ATP hydrolysis. Here we investigated the effects of diazoxide on the enzyme in cultured myoblasts. Specifically, embryonic heart-derived H9c2 cells were exposed to diazoxide and mitochondrial ATPase was assayed in conditions maintaining steady-state IF(1) binding (basal ATPase activity) or detaching bound IF(1) at alkaline pH. Mitochondrial transmembrane potential and uncoupling were also investigated, as well as ATP synthesis flux and ATP content. Diazoxide at a cardioprotective concentration (40 muM cell-associated concentration) transiently downmodulated basal ATPase activity, concomitant with mild mitochondria uncoupling and depolarization, without affecting ATP synthesis and ATP content. Alkaline stripping of IF(1) from F(0)F(1) ATP synthase was less in diazoxide-treated than in untreated cells. Pretreatment with glibenclamide prevented, together with mitochondria depolarization, inhibition of ATPase activity under basal but not under IF(1)-stripping conditions, indicating that diazoxide alters alkaline IF(1) release. Diazoxide inhibition of ATPase activity in IF(1)-stripping conditions was observed even when mitochondrial transmembrane potential was reduced by FCCP. The results suggest that diazoxide in a model of normoxic intact cells directly promotes binding of inhibitor protein IF(1) to F(0)F(1) ATP synthase and enhances IF(1) binding indirectly by mildly uncoupling and depolarizing mitochondria.
Facile Synthesis, Structure, and Properties of Benzo[1,2-<i>b</i>:4,5-<i>b</i>‘]dichalcogenophenes (2005)

[reaction, structures: see text] A general and convenient synthesis of benzo[1,2-b:4,5-b']dichalcogenophenes including the thiophene (BDT, 1), selenophene (BDS, 2), and tellurophene (BDTe, 3) homologues is developed. Thus synthesized heterocycles are structurally characterized by single-crystal X-ray analysis, and all three homologues are isostructural with one another. They all have completely planar molecular structures packed in a herringbone arrangement. Their physicochemical properties were also elucidated by means of cyclic voltammetry (CV) and UV-vis spectra.
Impacts of CYP2C19 genetic polymorphisms on bioavailability and effect on platelet adhesion of vicagrel, a novel thienopyridine P2Y<sub>12</sub> inhibitor (2020)

CYP2C19 polymorphisms have less impact on vicagrel as compared to clopidogrel. Drug exposure and response to vicagrel in PMs were even higher than to clopidogrel in IMs.
The Biogenesis of Lysosomes and Lysosome-Related Organelles (2014)

Lysosomes were once considered the end point of endocytosis, simply used for macromolecule degradation. They are now recognized to be dynamic organelles, able to fuse with a variety of targets and to be re-formed after fusion events. They are also now known to be the site of nutrient sensing and signaling to the cell nucleus. In addition, lysosomes are secretory organelles, with specialized machinery for regulated secretion of proteins in some cell types. The biogenesis of lysosomes and lysosome-related organelles is discussed, taking into account their dynamic nature and multiple roles.
Simple yet functional phosphate-loop proteins (2018)

Abundant and essential motifs, such as phosphate-binding loops (P-loops), are presumed to be the seeds of modern enzymes. The Walker-A P-loop is absolutely essential in modern NTPase enzymes, in mediating binding, and transfer of the terminal phosphate groups of NTPs. However, NTPase function depends on many additional active-site residues placed throughout the protein's scaffold. Can motifs such as P-loops confer function in a simpler context? We applied a phylogenetic analysis that yielded a sequence logo of the putative ancestral Walker-A P-loop element: a β-strand connected to an α-helix via the P-loop. Computational design incorporated this element into de novo designed β-α repeat proteins with relatively few sequence modifications. We obtained soluble, stable proteins that unlike modern P-loop NTPases bound ATP in a magnesium-independent manner. Foremost, these simple P-loop proteins avidly bound polynucleotides, RNA, and single-strand DNA, and mutations in the P-loop's key residues abolished binding. Binding appears to be facilitated by the structural plasticity of these proteins, including quaternary structure polymorphism that promotes a combined action of multiple P-loops. Accordingly, oligomerization enabled a 55-aa protein carrying a single P-loop to confer avid polynucleotide binding. Overall, our results show that the P-loop Walker-A motif can be implemented in small and simple β-α repeat proteins, primarily as a polynucleotide binding motif.
Cytokinetic effects of Wee1 disruption in pancreatic cancer (2016)

The Wee1 kinase, which is activated in response to DNA damage, regulates exit from G2 through inhibitory phosphorylation of Cdk1/Cdc2, and is an attractive drug target. However, recent work has highlighted effects of Cdk2 phosphorylation by Wee1 on movement through S-phase, suggesting the potential to sensitize to S-phase specific agents by Wee1 inhibitors. In this paper we applied multiparametric flow cytometry to patient-derived pancreatic cancer xenograft tumor cells to study the cell cycle perturbations of Wee1 disruption via the small molecule inhibitor MK-1775, and genetic knockdown. We find that in vitro treatment with MK-1775, and to a lesser degree, Wee1 RNA transcript knockdown, results in the striking appearance of S-phase cells prematurely entering into mitosis. This effect was not seen in vivo in any of the models tested. Here, although we noted an increase of S-phase cells expressing the damage response marker γH2AX, treatment with MK-1775 did not significantly sensitize cells to the cytidine analog gemcitabine. Treatment with MK-1775 did result in a transient but large increase in cells expressing the mitotic marker phosphorylated H3S10 that reached a peak 4 hours after treatment. This suggests a role for Wee1 regulating the progression of genomically unstable cancer cells through G2 in the absence of extrinsically-applied DNA damage. A single dose of 8Gy ionizing radiation resulted in the time-dependent accumulation of Cyclin A2 positive/phosphorylated H3S10 negative cells at the 4N position, which was abrogated by treatment with MK-1775. Consistent with these findings, a genome-scale pooled RNA interference screen revealed that toxic doses of MK-1775 are suppressed by CDK2 or Cyclin A2 knockdown. These findings support G2 exit as the more significant effect of Wee1 inhibition in pancreatic cancers.
Contrast agents for quantitative microCT of lung tumors in mice. (2013)

The identification and quantitative evaluation of lung tumors in mouse models is challenging and an unmet need in preclinical arena. In this study, we developed a noninvasive contrast-enhanced microCT (μCT) method to longitudinally evaluate and quantitate lung tumors in mice. Commercially available μCT contrast agents were compared to determine the optimal agent for visualization of thoracic blood vessels and lung tumors in naïve mice and in non-small-cell lung cancer models. Compared with the saline control, iopamidol and iodinated lipid agents provided only marginal increases in contrast resolution. The inorganic nanoparticulate agent provided the best contrast and visualization of thoracic vascular structures; the density contrast was highest at 15 min after injection and was stable for more than 4 h. Differential contrast of the tumors, vascular structures, and thoracic air space by the nanoparticulate agent enabled identification of tumor margins and accurate quantification. μCT data correlated closely with traditional histologic measurements (Pearson correlation coefficient, 0.995). Treatment of ELM4-ALK mice with crizotinib yielded 65% reduction in tumor size and thus demonstrated the utility of quantitative μCT in longitudinal preclinical trials. Overall and among the 3 agents we tested, the inorganic nanoparticulate product was the best commercially available contrast agent for visualization of thoracic blood vessels and lung tumors. Contrast-enhanced μCT imaging is an excellent noninvasive method for longitudinal evaluation during preclinical lung tumor studies.
Spoilage Ability of Psychrotrophic Paenibacillus spp. Isolated from Cooked Food Products (2006)

Five spore-forming bacterial strains were isolated as the most dominant microorganisms from five products of different types of cooked food. Three strains in particular were isolated as spoilage organisms causing acidity. These belonged to the genus Paenibacillus, and one of them was identified as Paenibacillus odorifer. All five strains grew at 10 degrees C in brain heart infusion broth; furthermore, four strains grew at 4 degrees C also. These strains grew optimally at 30 to 35 degrees C. Psychrotrophic Paenibacillus spp. can easily be mistaken for lactic acid bacteria in routine analysis because of their colony characteristics. Because the measures that must be taken for bacterial control are different in the case of contamination by these two bacterial groups, psychrotrophic Paenibacillus spp. contamination must be distinguished from that caused by lactic acid bacteria.
A quantitative gait assessment method based on energy exchanges analysis during walking (2002)

A quantitative gait assessment method has been developed. It is based on energy analysis during walking. The energy of body's centre of mass (COM) was observed. Exchanges between potential and kinetic energy is typical for walking of healthy subjects. Gait Efficiency Index (GEI) was defined as a measure of difference between time courses of potential and kinetic energy. The method was tested in five healthy subjects and compared to metabolic energy consumption. Good correlation between results obtained by both methods was found.
Quality of service support for wireless Internet service providers (2002)

A large number of Internet service providers (ISP) view wireless technology as an attractive option to replace all or part of the hard-wired infrastructure that currently dominates the local loop/last mile. Therefore, these ISP must provide quality of service support to these applications consistent with that offered by the backbone. However, this is a very challenging task in the wireless environment due to the instability of the wireless channel and the diverse quality of service requirements dictated by different multimedia applications. We introduce a resource allocation algorithm for the wireless link that distributes information from the ISP facility to the homes. The algorithm takes into account the wireless channel characteristics, the quality of service required by the applications as well as a pricing value function. Our solution is based on 'time-value' scheduling algorithms originally developed for scheduling real-time processes during transient faults.
Slow Hydrogen Atom Transfer Reactions of Oxo- and Hydroxo-Vanadium Compounds: The Importance of Intrinsic Barriers (2009)

Reactions are described that interconvert vanadium(IV) oxo-hydroxo complexes [V(IV)O(OH)(R(2)bpy)(2)]BF(4) (1a-c) and vanadium(V) dioxo complexes [V(V)O(2)(R(2)bpy)(2)]BF(4) (2a-c) [R(2)bpy = 4,4'-di-tert-butyl-2,2'-bipyridine ((t)Bu(2)bpy), a; 4,4'-dimethyl-2,2'-bipyridine (Me(2)bpy), b; 2,2'-bipyridine (bpy), c]. These are rare examples of pairs of isolated, sterically unencumbered, first-row metal-oxo/hydroxo complexes that differ by a hydrogen atom (H(+) + e(-)). The V(IV)-(t)Bu(2)bpy derivative 1a has a useful (1)H NMR spectrum, despite being paramagnetic. Complex 2a abstracts H(*) from organic substrates with weak O-H and C-H bonds, converting 2,6-(t)Bu(2)-4-MeO-C(6)H(2)OH (ArOH) and 2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-N-hydroxypiperidine (TEMPOH) to their corresponding radicals ArO(*) and TEMPO, hydroquinone to benzoquinone, and dihydroanthracene to anthracene. The equilibrium constant for 2a + ArOH <==> 1a + ArO(*) is (4 +/- 2) x 10(-3), implying that the VO-H bond dissociation free energy (BDFE) is 70.6 +/- 1.2 kcal mol(-1). Consistent with this value, 1a is oxidized by 2,4,6-(t)Bu(3)C(6)H(2)O(*). All of these reactions are surprisingly slow, typically occurring over hours at ambient temperatures. The net hydrogen-atom pseudo-self-exchange 1a + 2b <==> 2a + 1b, using the (t)Bu- and Me-bpy substituents as labels, also occurs slowly, with k(se) = 1.3 x 10(-2) M(-1) s(-1) at 298 K, DeltaH(double dagger) = 15 +/- 2 kcal mol(-1), and DeltaS(double dagger) = 16 +/- 5 cal mol(-1) K. Using this k(se) and the BDFE, the vanadium reactions are shown to follow the Marcus cross relation moderately well, with calculated rate constants within 10(2) of the observed values. The vanadium self-exchange reaction is ca. 10(6) slower than that for the related Ru(IV)O(py)(bpy)(2)(2+)/Ru(III)OH(py)(bpy)(2)(2+) self-exchange. The origin of this dramatic difference has been probed with DFT calculations on the self-exchange reactions of 1c + 2c and on monocationic ruthenium complexes with pyrrolate or fluoride in place of the py ligands. The calculations reproduce the difference in barrier heights and show that transfer of a hydrogen atom involves more structural reorganization for vanadium than the Ru analogues. The vanadium complexes have larger changes in the metal-oxo and metal-hydroxo bond lengths, which is traced to the difference in d-orbital occupancy in the two systems. This study thus highlights the importance of intrinsic barriers in the transfer of a hydrogen atom, in addition to the thermochemical (bond strength) factors that have been previously emphasized.
Leveraging RF Power for Intelligent Tag Networks (2018)

A novel framework and related methodologies are described to leverage RF power for building intelligent and battery-free devices with communication and computation capabilities. These passive devices are envisioned to make significant impact for the popular vision of smart dust due to extreme low power operation. The communication framework relies on tag-to-tag backscattering with very limited energy resources. The computing framework relies on a novel AC computing methodology that facilitates local data processing with an order of magnitude less power consumption. These enabling technologies, as described in this paper, revitalize the concept of smart dust with significant impact on various application domains such as smart spaces, implantable devices, and environmental/structural monitoring.
Synthesis of silicon nitride and silicon oxide films by ion-assisted deposition (1986)

Get PDF Email Share Share with Facebook Tweet This Post on reddit Share with LinkedIn Add to CiteULike Add to Mendeley Add to BibSonomy Get Citation Copy Citation Text R. P. Netterfield, P. J. Martin, and W. G. Sainty, "Synthesis of silicon nitride and silicon oxide films by ion-assisted deposition," Appl. Opt. 25, 3808-3809 (1986) Export Citation BibTex Endnote (RIS) HTML Plain Text Citation alert Save article
Paired natural cysteine mutation mapping: Aid to constraining models of protein tertiary structure (1995)

This paper discusses the benefit of mapping paired cysteine mutation patterns as a guide to identifying the positions of protein disulfide bonds. This information can facilitate the computer modeling of protein tertiary structure. First, a simple, paired natural-cysteine-mutation map is presented that identifies the positions of putative disulfide bonds in protein families. The method is based on the observation that if, during the process of evolution, a disulfide-bonded cysteine residue is not conserved, then it is likely that its counterpart will also be mutated. For each target protein, protein databases were searched for the primary amino acid sequences of all known members of distinct protein families. Primary sequence alignment was carried out using PileUp algorithms in the GCG package. To search for correlated mutations, we listed only the positions where cysteine residues were highly conserved and emphasized the mutated residues. In proteins of known three-dimensional structure, a striking pattern of paired cysteine mutations correlated with the positions of known disulfide bridges. For proteins of unknown architecture, the mutation maps showed several positions where disulfide bridging might occur.