gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Molecular beam epitaxy deposited thin films of bismuth compound superconductors (1990)

Thin films of superconducting BiCaSrCuO have been grown by molecular beam epitaxy depositions of Bi, Cu, and CaF2/SrF2 on MgO and SrTiO3 followed by a high-temperature oxygen anneal. The films showed a fairly wide transition of 20 K at a Tc of 80 K. Residual amounts of fluorine, detected with secondary-ion mass spectrometry, are believed to cause the broad superconducting transition. X-ray diffraction analysis of the superconducting films revealed strongly c-axis oriented films consisting of Bi2CaSr2Cu2O8 and Bi2Sr2Cu1O6 phase. Surface structure studies, with scanning electron microscopy and scanning tunneling microscopy, show oriented 1 μm sized very smooth flat grains of superconducting phase in the plane of the film with islands of CuOx scattered on top of these.
Genetic Association of the Antiviral Restriction Factor TRIM5α with Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 Infection (2006)

The innate antiviral factor TRIM5alpha restricts the replication of some retroviruses through its interaction with the viral capsid protein, leading to abortive infection. While overexpression of human TRIM5alpha results in modest restriction of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1), this inhibition is insufficient to block productive infection of human cells. We hypothesized that polymorphisms within TRIM5 may result in increased restriction of HIV-1 infection. We sequenced the TRIM5 gene (excluding exon 5) and the 4.8-kb 5' putative regulatory region in genomic DNA from 110 HIV-1-infected subjects and 96 exposed seronegative persons, along with targeted gene sequencing in a further 30 HIV-1-infected individuals. Forty-eight single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), including 20 with allele frequencies of >1.0%, were identified. Among these were two synonymous and eight nonsynonymous coding polymorphisms. We observed no association between TRIM5 polymorphism in HIV-1-infected subjects and their set-point viral load after acute infection, although one TRIM5 haplotype was weakly associated with more rapid CD4(+) T-cell loss. Importantly, a TRIM5 haplotype containing the nonsynonymous SNP R136Q showed increased frequency among HIV-1-infected subjects relative to exposed seronegative persons, with an odds ratio of 5.49 (95% confidence interval = 1.83 to 16.45; P = 0.002). Nonetheless, we observed no effect of individual TRIM5alpha nonsynonymous mutations on the in vitro HIV-1 susceptibility of CD4(+) T cells. Therefore, any effect of TRIM5alpha polymorphism on HIV-1 infection in primary lymphocytes may depend on combinations of SNPs or on DNA sequences in linkage disequilibrium with the TRIM5alpha coding sequence.
Marketbuzz: Sonification of real-time financial dataa (2004)

A system for the sonification of real-time financial data, currently in use by financial traders in five pilot projects, i s described. Anecdotal feedback from the pilot projects suggests that the auditory display is more effective and consistent for monitoring the movement of volatile market indices. The same system has also been tested in two experiments carried out at the Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences at Dartmouth College. In the first experiment, subjects performed “change of direction” monitoring tasks of varying difficulty with and without auditory display. The results indicated a significant increase in accuracy when the auditory display was used. In the second experiment, subjects performed the same monitoring task with and without auditory display but were given a second, “number-matching” task which forced them to direct their visual attention away from the “change of direction” task from time to time. The auditory display increased accuracy more dramatically than in the first experiment, since the subjects were able to rely on the sonification to perform the “change of direction” monitoring task when they were distracted with the “number-matching” task.
A Multiserver Configuration and Request Distribution Framework for Profit Maximization in a Three-Tier Cloud Service Architecture (2022)

The rapid development of cloud computing has generated numerous cloud service providers. In a three-tier cloud service architecture, maximizing the cloud service profit is not only a goal pursued by cloud service providers but also a potent force that drives the continuous development of cloud computing technology. The traditional methods of maximizing cloud service profits are either limited to cloud resource management or service request distribution. Few work contributes to maximizing the profit of cloud service providers while considering both resource management and request distribution. Besides, the heterogeneity of servers is also an important concern when configuring the multiserver system. Therefore, this paper proposes a multiserver configuration and request distribution framework oriented to a three-tier cloud service architecture for maximizing the profit of cloud service providers. Compared with the benchmark method, extensive numerical simulation experiments show that our proposed framework can not only maximize the profit of cloud service providers, but also has a well-time efficiency.
Apprenticeship scheduling: learning to schedule from human experts (2016)

Coordinating agents to complete a set of tasks with intercoupled temporal and resource constraints is computationally challenging, yet human domain experts can solve these difficult scheduling problems using paradigms learned through years of apprenticeship. A process for manually codifying this domain knowledge within a computational framework is necessary to scale beyond the "singleexpert, single-trainee" apprenticeship model. However, human domain experts often have difficulty describing their decision-making processes, causing the codification of this knowledge to become laborious. We propose a new approach for capturing domain-expert heuristics through a pairwise ranking formulation. Our approach is model-free and does not require enumerating or iterating through a large state-space. We empirically demonstrate that this approach accurately learns multifaceted heuristics on both a synthetic data set incorporating jobshop scheduling and vehicle routing problems and a real-world data set consisting of demonstrations of experts solving a weapon-to-target assignment problem.
Rope-Producing Strains of <i>Bacillus</i> spp. from Wheat Bread and Strategy for Their Control by Lactic Acid Bacteria (2003)

Two types of white wheat bread (high- and low-type loaves) were investigated for rope spoilage. Thirty of the 56 breads tested developed rope spoilage within 5 days; the high-type loaves were affected by rope spoilage more than the low-type loaves. Sixty-one Bacillus strains were isolated from ropy breads and were characterized on the basis of their phenotypic and genotypic traits. All of the isolates were identified as Bacillus subtilis by biochemical tests, but molecular assays (randomly amplified polymorphic DNA PCR assay, denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis analysis, and sequencing of the V3 region of 16S ribosomal DNA) revealed greater Bacillus species variety in ropy breads. In fact, besides strains of B. subtilis, Bacillus licheniformis, Bacillus cereus, and isolates of Bacillus clausii and Bacillus firmus were also identified. All of the ropy Bacillus isolates exhibited amylase activity, whereas only 32.4% of these isolates were able to produce ropiness in bread slices after treatment at 96 degrees C for 10 min. Strains of lactic acid bacteria previously isolated from sourdough were first selected for antirope activity on bread slices and then used as starters for bread-making experiments. Prevention of growth of approximately 10(4) rope-producing B. subtilis G1 spores per cm(2) on bread slices for more than 15 days was observed when heat-treated cultures of Lactobacillus plantarum E5 and Leuconostoc mesenteroides A27 were added. Growth of B. subtilis G1 occurred after 7 days in breads started with Saccharomyces cerevisiae T22, L. plantarum E5, and L. mesenteroides A27.
Demonstration of the tumorigenicity of transformed rat kidney cell‐lines by intravenous allotransplantation in the neonate (1982)

The tumorigenic potential of allogeneic rat kidney cell-lines transformed in vivo by a carcinogenic dose of dimethylnitrosamine (DMN) was investigated by intravenous injection of single cell suspensions into neonatal outbred rats within 24 h of birth. The cell-lines tested included mesenchymal populations obtained from DMN-induced renal mesenchymal tumors (RRMT-2,-8,-9) and transformed mesenchymal (TRKM-5,-7,-8) and epithelial (TRKE-1) cell-lines derived from the kidneys of rats treated only hours previously with the carcinogen. Additionally, spontaneous nephroblastoma-derived embryonal cell-lines (REN-1,-2) were included in the study to extend the potential of the neonatal rat system over a range of differentiation lineages. The transplantation system proved to be a rapid and efficacious assay for demonstrating the malignancy of the mesenchymal and embryonal cell-lines. The major sites for tumor growth were the lungs, heart and eye, but differences in organ predilection were observed for individual cell-lines. The transformed epithelial cell-line (TRKE-1) proved refractory to the single intravenous inoculation but was transplantation-positive when a follow-up subcutaneous dose was administered several days later. The resultant growths produced by the diverse differentiation lineages were histologically characteristic for the tumor tissue affiliate of each cell-line. The results demonstrate the utility of this transplantation system for testing the malignant potential of morphologically transformed cells across the allogeneic barrier as well as proving that DMN is capable of inducing malignant transformation in both mesenchymal and epithelial cell types of the rat kidney after a very short period of exposure in vivo.
Using heterogeneous components to construct online library portals (2002)

History shows that libraries have always functioned as physical portals to stored information. In the past, the physical library has consisted of reference and subject specific areas, card catalogs, and book stacks, all available during operating hours and confined to the library’s physical space within a building or room. However, with the explosive development of the Internet and the implementation of OPACs, libraries need to reinvent their environments as physical portals while establishing a virtual online portal presence. The Health Sciences Center Library at Stony Brook University has begun deploying several technologies to develop a virtual portal of online information and services, making the library and its resources available both inside and outside the confines of the physical library. The goal of this portal is two‐fold: provide the library’s patrons – particularly the students and faculty of the University’s Medical School – with personalized access to information, and to enable the library to gather statistics on the use of electronically‐based resources. What makes this library’s portal unique is its ability to deliver, over the Internet, desktop applications specific to certain academic programs in addition to traditional library resources, such as full‐text e‐journals and databases along with a Web‐based OPAC. The technology behind this portal incorporates centralized computing and client‐server architectures with recent thin‐client and operating system technologies, such as the Independent Computing Architecture, Windows 2000, and Linux. This portal demonstrates how academic libraries can improve individualized service by integrating existing systems of information delivery and retrieval with newer computing paradigms.
Using the method of infrared sensing for monitoring fatigue process of metals (1984)

The method of infrared sensing has been used to study the variation of infrared energy on some stainless steel and superalloys during a revolving bending fatigue test. The dynamical fatigue process was recorded. The experimental results show that the temperature increases taking place during fracturing are related to the fatigue fracture process. It is demonstrated that overloading, which will cause premature failure and the initiation of cracks during the fatigue test, can be detected by an infrared sensing technique. This technique could possibly be developed as a tool for monitoring the process of fatigue fracturing. The results indicate that this method is valuable in both nondestructive testing (NDT) and crack propagation studies for the high-speed revolving bending fatigue test.
Portable Trap for Collecting Adult Sea Lampreys (1982)

(1982). Portable Trap for Collecting Adult Sea Lampreys. The Progressive Fish-Culturist: Vol. 44, No. 4, pp. 220-221.
Ligand-Enhanced Reduction of Perchlorate in Water with Heterogeneous Re−Pd/C Catalysts (2009)

New bimetallic heterogeneous catalysts for the reduction of perchlorate in water with dihydrogen have been prepared in two ways: (1) by impregnating 5 wt % Pd on activated carbon powder with one of the complexes trans-[ReO(2)(py-X)(4)](+) (py-X = 4-substituted pyridine; X = H, Me, OMe, NMe(2)) or (2) by adsorbing perrhenate onto the Pd/C powder in the presence of the pyridine ligand under a hydrogen atmosphere. Both sets of catalysts are highly active at pH 2.7-3.0 (HCl), with observed rates increasing with varying X in the order H < Me < OMe < NMe(2), which supports a rate-determining oxygen atom transfer reaction involving the Re(V) centers. However, the materials prepared by method (1) show evidence of facile formation of perrhenate from handling under ambient conditions. A system prepared by method (2) with 2 equiv of dimethylaminopyridine per Re is especially active and stable up to pH 4.5.
Targeting the epidermal growth factor receptor in non-small cell lung cancer cells: the effect of combining RNA interference with tyrosine kinase inhibitors or cetuximab (2012)

EGFR knockdown by siRNA further decreases the cell growth of lung cancer cells that are treated with TKIs or cetuximab alone, confirming that single agent drug targeting does not achieve a maximal biological effect. The siRNA inhibits EGFR oncogenic activity that bypasses downstream "resistance" mutations such as KRAS and PTEN. The combined treatment of siRNA and EGFR inhibitory agents is additive. The combination of a potent, irreversible kinase inhibitor such as afatinib, with EGFR-specific siRNAs should be further investigated as a new strategy in the treatment of lung cancer and other EGFR dependent cancers, including those with downstream resistance mutations.
Application of Current Guidelines to the Management of Unstable Angina and Non-ST-Elevation Myocardial Infarction (2003)

Unstable angina/non-ST-elevation myocardial infarction (UA/NSTEMI) is a common but heterogeneous disorder with patients exhibiting widely varying risks. Early risk stratification is at the center of the management program and can be achieved using clinical criteria and biomarkers, or a combination. In addition to anti-ischemic therapy and aspirin, the thienopyridine clopidogrel is indicated except in patients who are potential candidates for urgent coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG). Platelet glycoprotein (GP) IIb/IIIa antagonists are indicated in high-risk patients likely to undergo percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) but are not indicated in the management of lower-risk patients who do not undergo PCI. There is a growing body of evidence to support the substitution of the low-molecular-weight heparin (LMWH) enoxaparin for unfractionated heparin (UFH). Three recent trials have demonstrated the benefit of an early invasive strategy with catheterization followed by revascularization in patients at high and intermediate risk. Lower-risk patients should undergo early noninvasive stress testing. An intensive program of secondary prevention is mandatory and should be begun before hospital discharge.
A Study on the Application of Fashion-Related Internet Web Sites and Their Evaluation (2002)

The purpose of this study was to investigate the application of fashion-related web sites and their evaluation. 76 college students major in fashion design were surveyed and the evaluation criteria were classified into five categories such as the accuracy/reliability, the design of a picture, the ease of application, the communication/security, and additional services. The results of this study were as follows: 1. College students used web sites mostly to search for fashion trend information from magazine and fashion information sites. 2. While the media site was excellent in the evaluation criteria such as the accuracy/reliability, the design of a picture and the communication/security, the fashion information site was excellent in the evaluation criteria such as the accuracy/reliability, communication/ security and additional services. 3. The media site and the fashion information site generally ranked high and the fashion brand site ranked low in most evaluation items. 4. By the results of ANOVA, 12 items showed significant differences out of the total 19 items. 5. Out of the total evaluation items, the design of a picture ranked highest and the external link function ranked lowest.
Activity of an Interleukin 1 Receptor Antagonist in Rabbit Models of Uveitis (1992)

Interleukin 1 has been implicated in intraocular inflammation. The availability of a cloned, recombinant interleukin 1 receptor antagonist has enabled us to test the role of interleukin 1 in specific models of uveitis in New Zealand white rabbits. Seventy-five micrograms of interleukin 1 receptor antagonist injected intravitreally resulted in a 97% reduction in aqueous humor cells present 6 hours after intravitreal injection of 10 ng of human interleukin 1 alpha. Disruption of the blood aqueous barrier was prevented by the receptor antagonist (mean +/- SD aqueous humor protein of 0.6 +/- 0.1 g/L in rabbits treated with interleukin 1 receptor antagonist vs 32.2 +/- 9.9 g/L in controls). Lower doses of interleukin 1 produced more modest but significant inhibition. Despite the activity of interleukin 1 receptor antagonist in inhibiting interleukin 1-induced inflammation, interleukin 1 receptor antagonist did not produce significant reduction in inflammation subsequent to an active Arthus reaction or subsequent to the intravitreal injection of 125 ng of endotoxin. A potential explanation of these observations is that cytokines in addition to interleukin 1 may be present in sufficient quantities to produce intraocular inflammation or that the effects of interleukin 1 may be primarily intracellular (intracrine) and therefore resistant to the activity of exogenously administered receptor antagonist.
A Ledger of Me: Personalizing Healthcare Using Blockchain Technology (2019)

Personal Health Records (PHRs) have the potential to give patients fine-grained, personalized and secure access to their own medical data and to enable self-management of care. Emergent trends around the use of Blockchain, or Distributed Ledger Technology, seem to offer solutions to some of the problems faced in enabling these technologies, especially to support issues consent, data exchange, and data access. We present an analysis of existing blockchain-based health record solutions and a reference architecture for a "Ledger of Me" system that extends PHR to create a new platform combining the collection and access of medical data and digital interventions with smart contracts. Our intention is to enable patient use of the data in order to support their care and to provide a strong consent mechanisms for sharing of data between different organizations and apps. Ledger of Me is based on around the principle that this combination of event-driven smart contracts, medical record data, and patient control is important for the adoption of blockchain-based solutions for the PHR. The reference architecture we present can serve as the basis of a range of future blockchain-based medical application architectures.
Small Interfering RNA‐Mediated Silencing of Glutathione‐<i>S</i>‐Transferase A1 Sensitizes Hepatic Carcinoma Cells to Photodynamic Therapy with Pentaphyrins (2008)

Photodynamic therapy (PDT) uses nontoxic photosensitizers and visible light to produce reactive oxygen species that kill malignant cells by apoptosis or necrosis. Silencing the antioxidant GSTA1-1 gene by siRNA sensitizes hepatic HepG2 cells to PDT with pentaphyrins. The study is a proof-of-concept for combining PDT with antigene molecules that decrease cellular response to oxidative stress.
Mutational Evidence for a Structural Model of the Lassa Virus RNA Polymerase Domain and Identification of Two Residues, Gly1394 and Asp1395, That Are Critical for Transcription but Not Replication of the Genome (2008)

The RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp) of arenaviruses is an integral part of the L protein, a 200-kDa multifunctional and multidomain protein. In view of the paucity of structural data, we recently proposed a model for the RdRp domain of arenaviruses based on the folding of RdRps of plus-strand viruses (S. Vieth et al., Virology 318:153-168, 2004). In the present study, we have chosen a large-scale mutagenesis approach to gain insight into the structure and function of the Lassa virus RdRp domain. A total of 180 different mutants of the domain were generated by using a novel PCR-based mutagenesis technique and tested in the context of the Lassa virus replicon system. Nearly all residues, which were essential for function, clustered in the center of the three-dimensional model including the catalytic site, while residues that were less important for function mapped to the periphery of the model. The combined bioinformatics and mutagenesis data allowed deducing candidate residues for ligand interaction. Mutation of two adjacent residues in the putative palm-thumb subdomain junction, G1394 and D1395 (strain AV), led to a defect in mRNA synthesis but did not affect antigenomic RNA synthesis. In conclusion, the data provide circumstantial evidence for the existence of an RdRp domain between residues 1040 and 1540 of the Lassa virus L protein and the folding model of the domain. A functional element within the RdRp was identified, which is important for transcription but not replication of the genome.
Symmetry relations between space groups (2004)

Foreword. Scope of this Volume. Computer Production of Parts 2 and 3. List of Symbols and Abbreviations used in this Volume. PART 1 SPACE GROUPS AND THEIR SUBGROUPS. 1.1 Historical Introduction (M.I. Aroyo, U. Muller and H. Wondratschek). 1.2 General Introduction to the Subgroups of Space Groups (H. Wondratschek). 1.3 Remarks on Wyckoff Positions (U. Muller). 1.4 Computer Checking of the Subgroup Data (F. Gahler). 1.5 The Mathematical Background of the Subgroup Tables (G. Nebe). PART 2 MAXIMAL SUBGROUPS OF THE PLANE GROUPS AND SPACE GROUPS. 2.1 Guide to the Subgroup Tables and Graphs (H. Wondratschek and M.I. Aroyo). 2.2 Tables of Maximal Subgroups of the Plane Groups (Y. Billiet, M.I. Aroyo and H. Wondratschek). 2.3 Tables of Maximal Subgroups of the Space Groups (Y. Billiet, M.I. Aroyo and H. Wondratschek). 2.4 Graphs for Translationengleiche Subgroups (V. Gramlich and H. Wondratschek). 2.5 Graphs for Klassengleiche Subgroups (V. Gramlich and H. Wondratschek). PART 3 RELATIONS BETWEEN THE WYCKOFF POSITIONS. 3.1 Guide to the Tables (U. Muller). 3.2 Tables of the Relations of the Wyckoff Positions (U. Muller). Appendix. Differences in the Presentation of Parts 2 and 3 (U. Muller and H. Wondratschek). References. Subject Index.