gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Intraluminal Vacuum Therapy - A New Endoscopic Approach in the Treatment of Duodenal Leakage (2010)

Background: Duodenal perforation is commonly treated by full scale surgical intervention. Endoscopic procedures gain more and more importance in the treatment of intestinal perforation. Methods: Intraluminal Vacuum Therapy consists of a drainage system constructed of an accordingly trimmed polyurethane foam and a gastric tube. This vacuum drainage is placed endoluminally onto the duodenal defect, then negative pressure of 125 mmHg is applied, resulting in the fixation of the sponge, continuous drainage and sealing of the defect. Patients: Three patients with post surgical duodenal leakage defects were treated with Intraluminal Vacuum Therapy. Results: Complete healing of the duodenal defect was achieved in all three cases. Conclusion: The Intraluminal Vacuum Therapy is an innovative endoscopic approach in the treatment of duodenal defects.
Bacillus anthracis Capsular Conjugates Elicit Chimpanzee Polyclonal Antibodies That Protect Mice from Pulmonary Anthrax (2015)

The immunogenicity of Bacillus anthracis capsule (poly-γ-D-glutamic acid [PGA]) conjugated to recombinant B. anthracis protective antigen (rPA) or to tetanus toxoid (TT) was evaluated in two anthrax-naive juvenile chimpanzees. In a previous study of these conjugates, highly protective monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) against PGA were generated. This study examines the polyclonal antibody response of the same animals. Preimmune antibodies to PGA with titers of >10(3) were detected in the chimpanzees. The maximal titer of anti-PGA was induced within 1 to 2 weeks following the 1st immunization, with no booster effects following the 2nd and 3rd immunizations. Thus, the anti-PGA response in the chimpanzees resembled a secondary immune response. Screening of sera from nine unimmunized chimpanzees and six humans revealed antibodies to PGA in all samples, with an average titer of 10(3). An anti-PA response was also observed following immunization with PGA-rPA conjugate, similar to that seen following immunization with rPA alone. However, in contrast to anti-PGA, preimmune anti-PA antibody titers and those following the 1st immunization were ≤300, with the antibodies peaking above 10(4) following the 2nd immunization. The polyclonal anti-PGA shared the MAb 11D epitope and, similar to the MAbs, exerted opsonophagocytic killing of B. anthracis. Most important, the PGA-TT-induced antibodies protected mice from a lethal challenge with virulent B. anthracis spores. Our data support the use of PGA conjugates, especially PGA-rPA targeting both toxin and capsule, as expanded-spectrum anthrax vaccines.
Treatment of Ocular Hypertension and Glaucoma with Dopamine Antagonists (1984)

A group of dopamine antagonists have been studied for their ability to suppress the intraocular pressure (IOP) recovery rate of rabbits infused with hypertonic saline. All dopamine antagonists examined were either equipotent or more potent than beta-adrenergic blocker, timolol, to lower the IOP in the following order: haloperidol greater than moperone = trifluperidol greater than clofluperol = pipamperone = lenperone = timolol. Contrary to timolol, haloperidol, moperone and trifluperidol relaxed histamine pretreated guinea pig tracheal muscle at doses as low as 0.03-1.0 microgram/ml, whereas cardiac contractility and heart rate were little suppressed at doses up to 3 micrograms/ml. Since dopamine antagonists do not block the beta-adrenergic receptors and the ophthalmic dose required to lower IOP is only a small fraction of the antipsychotic doses, it is concluded that dopamine antagonists could be used for glaucoma treatment with little noticeable side effects, if any.
Device physics towards high performance GaN-based power electronics (2016)

Gallium-nitride-based power electronic devices, with the inherent high breakdown voltage, high working frequency, high output current density and high temperature operating capability, are promising candidates for next-generation high-efficiency and compact power management systems. In this work, the scientific and technical challenges towards high-performance GaN power devices, including threshold voltage instability, dynamic ON-resistance degradation, enhancement-mode gate techniques and long-term reliability of gate dielectrics, are investigated based on in-depth analysis of the physical origin of interface states and high-voltage current collapse. Oxidation of (Al) GaN surface are suggested to be the primary cause for the surface/interface states in GaN-based power devices. State-of-the-art device technologies, including nitridation-interficial-layer to suppress dielectric/(Al) GaN interface oxidation, polarized PEALD-AlN passivation for compensation of deep interface states, E-mode techniques of fluorine plasma ion implantation and high-temperature low-damage gate-recess, high-breakdown-strength LPCVD-SiN<sub><italic>x</italic></sub> and O<sub>3</sub>-sourced ALD-Al<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3 </sub>gate dielectrics are introduced for fabrication of high performance and reliability GaN-based power electronic devices.
Evaluation of a Dual Fentanyl/Heroin Vaccine on the Antinociceptive and Reinforcing Effects of a Fentanyl/Heroin Mixture in Male and Female Rats (2020)

Opioid-targeted vaccines represent an emerging treatment strategy for opioid use disorder. To determine whether concurrent vaccination against two commonly abused opioids (fentanyl and heroin) would confer broader spectrum opioid coverage, the current study evaluated dual fentanyl/heroin conjugate vaccine effectiveness using a warm water tail-withdrawal and a fentanyl/heroin-vs-food choice procedure in male and female rats across a 105-day observation period. Vaccine administration generated titers of high-affinity antibodies to both fentanyl and heroin sufficient to decrease the antinociceptive potency of fentanyl (25-fold), heroin (4.6-fold), and a 1:27 fentanyl/heroin mixture (7.5-fold). Vaccination did not alter the antinociceptive potency of the structurally dissimilar opioid agonist methadone. For comparison, continuous treatment with a naltrexone dose (0.032 mg/kg/h) shown previously to produce clinically relevant plasma-naltrexone levels decreased the antinociceptive potency of fentanyl, heroin, and the 1:27 fentanyl/heroin mixture by approximately 20-fold. Naltrexone treatment also shifted the potency of 1:27 fentanyl/heroin mixture in a drug-vs-food choice self-administration procedure 4.3-fold. In contrast, vaccination did not attenuate 1:27 fentanyl/heroin mixture self-administration in the drug-vs-food choice procedure. These data demonstrate that a vaccine can simultaneously attenuate the thermal antinociceptive effects of two structurally dissimilar opioids. However, the vaccine did not attenuate fentanyl/heroin mixture self-administration, suggesting a greater magnitude of vaccine responsiveness is required to decrease opioid reinforcement relative to antinociception.
An Ultra-High Resolution Tandem Fabry-Perot Etalon Cylindrical Beam Volume Hologram Spectrometer (2007)

We have designed a compact spectrometer by cascading a simple Fabry-Perot etalon and a cylindrical beam volume hologram. The combination of these two elements results in a two-dimensional spatial-spectral mapping in the output plane. Using this spectrometer, ultra-high resolution (better than 0.2 nm) over a large bandwidth has been experimentally demonstrated for diffuse light sources.
Genomic Analysis of the First European Bacteriophages with Depolymerase Activity and Biocontrol Efficacy against the Phytopathogen Ralstonia solanacearum (2021)

<i>Ralstonia solanacearum</i> is the causative agent of bacterial wilt, one of the most destructive plant diseases. While chemical control has an environmental impact, biological control strategies can allow sustainable agrosystems. Three lytic bacteriophages (phages) of <i>R. solanacearum</i> with biocontrol capacity in environmental water and plants were isolated from river water in Europe but not fully analysed, their genomic characterization being fundamental to understand their biology. In this work, the phage genomes were sequenced and subjected to bioinformatic analysis. The morphology was also observed by electron microscopy. Phylogenetic analyses were performed with a selection of phages able to infect <i>R. solanacearum</i> and the closely related phytopathogenic species <i>R. pseudosolanacearum</i>. The results indicated that the genomes of vRsoP-WF2, vRsoP-WM2 and vRsoP-WR2 range from 40,688 to 41,158 bp with almost 59% GC-contents, 52 ORFs in vRsoP-WF2 and vRsoP-WM2, and 53 in vRsoP-WR2 but, with only 22 or 23 predicted proteins with functional homologs in databases. Among them, two lysins and one exopolysaccharide (EPS) depolymerase, this type of depolymerase being identified in <i>R. solanacearum</i> phages for the first time. These three European phages belong to the same novel species within the <i>Gyeongsanvirus</i>, <i>Autographiviridae</i> family (formerly <i>Podoviridae</i>). These genomic data will contribute to a better understanding of the abilities of these phages to damage host cells and, consequently, to an improvement in the biological control of <i>R. solanacearum</i>.
Efficient computation of the DFT and IDFT in communication systems using Discrete Multitone modulation (1999)

The Discrete Fourier Transform (DFT) and the Inverse Discrete Fourier Transform (IDFT) are commonly used in signal processing applications, in particular in digital communication systems using the multi-carrier modulation principle. In such systems an IDFT is computed at the transmitter end, and a DFT at the receiver end. This paper examines a technique of computations, for which only negligible differences appear between the DFT and the IDFT calculations while the number of arithmetic operations required is substantially reduced. This offers significant advantages for the design of an IDFT/DFT processor for Discrete Multitone (DMT) systems.
Inferring Object Invariants (2005)

The program state for object-oriented languages, such as Java or C#, consists of both variables local to procedures and variables stored in the global heap. The variables stored in the heap are the fields of objects (i.e., fields of class instances). This paper proposes a technique for inferring properties of such object-oriented programs. The technique divides the work into two interacting parts: a flow-sensitive analysis that tracks the local and global state as seen at each particular program point, and a flow-insensitive analysis that tracks properties that are common among all “valid” instances of a class, independent of the program counter. The analysis is sound and works in the presence of many object references (aliasing). For precision, the analysis makes use of a recent methodology for object invariants, which makes explicit when each object's invariant is supposed to hold (valid objects) or is allowed to be violated.
Clay Swelling Mitigation During Fracturing Operations Using Novel Magnetic Surfactants (2022)

Abstract In unconventional tight sandstone formations, due to the presence of clays, the fracturing operations may not be effective because of the clay swelling. The fracturing stimulation is the most used treatment method to produce from such kinds of reservoirs. The swelling of clays caused additional pressure to drop. Prior knowledge about the clay swelling behavior of the rocks with the fracturing fluid can reduce the risk associated with productivity issues. If swelling occurs at the rock's surface, it adversely affects the conductivity of the fractures. This study proposed novel synthesized magnetic surfactants as a solution for the swelling of clay in hydraulic fracturing treatment. Several coreflooding tests were run using sandstone cores containing a significant proportion of the swelling clays. The permeability was assessed earlier and afterward the coreflooding tests. A scanning electron microscope (SEM) was run before and after the coreflooding experiments. The performances of magnetic surfactants were matched with the well-known clay stabilizing agents including NaCl and KCl. Permeability measurement after coreflooding experiments revealed 90% permeability lost for the samples mixed with conventional clay stabilizer when post-treated with Deionized Water. On the other hand, the fracturing fluid containing magnetic surfactant solutions as clay swelling stabilizers reserved the initial permeability even post-flooded with DW. It was observed that the conventional clay stabilizers do not provide long-term stabilization of the swelling, while magnetic surfactants retain the permeability for long hours even being interacting with fresh water. Magnetic surfactants have not been used as swelling inhibitors in fracturing fluids. This is the first study that reports the use of magnetic surfactant in clay swelling inhibition.
Molecular characterization of a stigma‐specific gene encoding an arabinogalactan‐protein (AGP) from <i>Nicotiana alata</i> (1996)

Arabinogalactan-proteins (AGPs) were isolated from the pistils of Nicotiana alata, deglycosylated, and the protein backbones fractionated by reversed-phase HPLC as previously reported. A major fraction, RT35 was isolated and peptide sequences were obtained after protease digestion. A gene-specific degenerate oligonucleotide was designed according to the amino acid sequences and a 380 bp PCR fragment was amplified in vitro from pistil RNA. The PCR fragment was used to screen a pistil cDNA library and a 762 bp cDNA clone (AGPNa3) was isolated and sequenced. The AGPNa3 cDNA encodes a 169 amino acid protein which consists of three domains: an N-terminal secretion signal, a Pro-rich domain and a C-terminal Cys-rich domain. The mature protein has 145 amino acid residues (16.7 kDa) and a predicted pl of 7.5. Northern blot analyses showed that the AGPNa3 gene was only expressed in the pistils of N. alata and of closely related Nicotiana species but not in other plants or suspension-cultured cells. Further Northern blot analysis and in situ hybridization showed that within the pistil, it was primarily expressed in the stigmatic tissues of mature flowers.
Recursive Sparse Representation for Identifying Multiple Concurrent Occupants Using Floor Vibration Sensing (2022)

In this paper, we present a multiple concurrent occupant identification approach through footstep-induced floor vibration sensing. Identification of human occupants is useful in a variety of indoor smart structure scenarios, with applications in building security, space allocation, and healthcare. Existing approaches leverage sensing modalities such as vision, acoustic, RF, and wearables, but are limited due to deployment constraints such as line-of-sight requirements, sensitivity to noise, dense sensor deployment, and requiring each walker to wear/carry a device. To overcome these restrictions, we use footstep-induced structural vibration sensing. Footstep-induced signals contain information about the occupants' unique gait characteristics, and propagate through the structural medium, which enables sparse and passive identification of indoor occupants. The primary research challenge is that multiple-person footstep-induced vibration responses are a mixture of structurally-codependent overlapping individual responses with unknown timing, spectral content, and mixing ratios. As such, it is difficult to determine which part of the signal corresponds to each occupant. We overcome this challenge through a recursive sparse representation approach based on cosine distance that identifies each occupant in a footstep event in the order that their signals are generated, reconstructs their portion of the signal, and removes it from the mixed response. By leveraging sparse representation, our approach can simultaneously identify and separate mixed/overlapping responses, and the use of the cosine distance error function reduces the influence of structural codependency on the multiple walkers' signals. In this way, we isolate and identify each of the multiple occupants' footstep responses. We evaluate our approach by conducting real-world walking experiments with three concurrent walkers and achieve an average F1 score for identifying all persons of 0.89 (1.3x baseline improvement), and with a 10-person "hybrid" dataset (simulated combination of single-walker real-world data), we identify 2, 3, and 4 concurrent walkers with a trace-level accuracy of 100%, 93%, and 73%, respectively, and observe as much as a 2.9x error reduction over a naive baseline approach.
Critical-Mode-Based Soft-Switching Modulation for High-Frequency Three-Phase Bidirectional AC–DC Converters (2018)

In this paper, a novel critical-conduction-mode-based modulation is proposed for three-phase bidirectional ac-dc converters. With this modulation, the switching frequency variation range shrinks, zero-voltage-switch soft switching is achieved, and the switching-related loss is reduced, which is especially beneficial for systems operating above hundreds of kHz high switching frequency with wide-band-gap power semiconductor devices to achieve both high power density and high efficiency. A 25 kW silicon carbide based high-frequency three-phase bidirectional ac- dc converter prototype is designed to achieve a power density of 127 W/in <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3</sup> ,which is at least five times higher than commercial products. All the control functions are digitally implemented with one low-cost microcontroller, and the aforementioned benefits are experimentally verified on this prototype under both inverter mode and rectifier mode operations. With the proposed soft-switching modulation, the tested peak efficiency is close to 99.0% for this prototype even at above 300 kHz high switching frequency operation.
The ligands of neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin (2015)

Neutrophil gelatinase associated lipocalin (NGAL), was originally identified in neutrophil granules as a heterodimer complex with gelatinase B (matrix metalloproteinase 9, MMP9), but more recently has been found to be secreted by damaged epithelial cells. Ngal is a member of the lipocalin family and subsequently named as lipocalin 2 on the basis of structural similarity with other members of the lipocalin family and its potential association with hydrophobic retinol and cholesterol oleate more strongly than their hydrophilic counterparts. In 2002, a landmark paper suggested that Ngal is a bacteriostatic agent which blocks iron acquisition by interacting with a number of bacterial siderophores, especially enterobactin. Since then, more siderophore-carrying functions have been reported than the possibility of hydrophobic ligand transport. In this setting, Ngal was renamed Siderocalin. Functions of siderocalin include not only bacteriostatic activity but potentially as a mediator of cell growth and differentiation; some of these functions appear to be referable to the holo siderocalin:siderophore:iron complex and recent work suggests that metabolic products may act as mammalian siderophores bound by Ngal. While still speculative, it may be that the mammalian siderophores can establish the missing link between Ngal and a number of its functions in vivo. This review provides an overview of the discoveries of the different ligands of Ngal and consequently related functions. Hydrophobic ligands, bacterial siderophores as well as their modified structures (synthetic siderophores), and mammalian siderophores are summarized.
Poster: Visual prediction of time series (2009)

Many well-known time series prediction methods have been used daily by analysts making decisions. To reach a good prediction, we introduce several new visual analysis techniques of smoothing, multi-scaling, and weighted average with the involvement of human expert knowledge. We combine them into a well-fitted method to perform prediction. We have applied this approach to predict resource consumption in data center for next day planning.
Research Update: A hafnium-based metal-organic framework as a catalyst for regioselective ring-opening of epoxides with a mild hydride source (2014)

Reaction of styrene oxide with sodium cyanoborohydride and a catalytic amount of Hf-NU-1000 yields the anti-Markovnikov product, 2-phenylethanol, with over 98% regioselectivity. On the other hand, propylene oxide is ring opened in a Markovnikov fashion to form 2-propanol with 95% regioselectivity. Both styrene oxide and propylene oxide failed to react with sodium cyanoborohydride without the addition of Hf-NU-1000 indicative of the crucial role of Hf-NU-1000 as a catalyst in this reaction. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of the use of a metal-organic framework material as a catalyst for ring-opening of epoxides with hydrides.
An isogenic blood–brain barrier model comprising brain endothelial cells, astrocytes, and neurons derived from human induced pluripotent stem cells (2016)

The blood-brain barrier (BBB) is critical in maintaining a physical and metabolic barrier between the blood and the brain. The BBB consists of brain microvascular endothelial cells (BMECs) that line the brain vasculature and combine with astrocytes, neurons and pericytes to form the neurovascular unit. We hypothesized that astrocytes and neurons generated from human-induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) could induce BBB phenotypes in iPSC-derived BMECs, creating a robust multicellular human BBB model. To this end, iPSCs were used to form neural progenitor-like EZ-spheres, which were in turn differentiated to neurons and astrocytes, enabling facile neural cell generation. The iPSC-derived astrocytes and neurons induced barrier tightening in primary rat BMECs indicating their BBB inductive capacity. When co-cultured with human iPSC-derived BMECs, the iPSC-derived neurons and astrocytes significantly elevated trans-endothelial electrical resistance, reduced passive permeability, and improved tight junction continuity in the BMEC cell population, while p-glycoprotein efflux transporter activity was unchanged. A physiologically relevant neural cell mixture of one neuron: three astrocytes yielded optimal BMEC induction properties. Finally, an isogenic multicellular BBB model was successfully demonstrated employing BMECs, astrocytes, and neurons from the same donor iPSC source. It is anticipated that such an isogenic facsimile of the human BBB could have applications in furthering understanding the cellular interplay of the neurovascular unit in both healthy and diseased humans. Read the Editorial Highlight for this article on page 843.
Scanless terahertz time-domain imaging (2023)

Through diffraction, we combine a single-pixel imaging approach and a single-shot detection technique to achieve scanless time-domain imaging at terahertz frequencies. We also apply compressive sensing to further reduce the acquisition time.
Modulating reactivity and stability of metallic lithium<i>via</i>atomic doping (2020)

Doping Li with Ag or Al effectively modulate its inherent chemical activity and enables very stable Li metal batteries.
Animated Visualization of Multiple Intersecting Hierarchies (2002)

The authors describe a new information structure composed of multiple intersecting hierarchies, which we call a Polyarchy. Visualizing polyarchies enables use of novel views for discovery of relationships which are very difficult using existing hierarchy visualization tools. This paper will describe the visualization design and system architecture challenges as well as our current solutions. Visual Pivot is a novel web-based polyarchy visualization technique, supported by a ‘polyarchy server’ implemented with a Mid-Tier Cache architecture. A series of five user studies guided iterative design of Visual Pivot. Finally, the effectiveness of animation in Visual Pivot is discussed.