gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
STDs and family planning clinics: a regional program for Chlamydia control that works. (1995)

Joint meetings between the members of the US Family Planning Services Program and the STD Program of Region X (comprising Alaska, Idaho, Oregon, and Washington) from fall 1986 through spring 1987 led to the screening and treatment of patients with chlamydia. Samples from patients were sent to state health department laboratories in Idaho, Washington, and Oregon. A direct fluorescent antibody (DFA) slide technique was used to process the cervical smears. Clinic visit record (CVR) information and laboratory results were collected by a central data management company, and sent to CDC and Region X researchers. 6 clinics in 3 of the states collected 2 cervical samples from each of 3000 patients, 1 for smear (DFA slide) and 1 for tissue culture over a 4-month period. During the 1988-1990 period, 136 clinics in the region supplied patient information and test results on over 300,000 samples. Overall, positive rates for chlamydia in the region went from a high of 10.9% in the 1st quarter of 1988 to 6.8% in the last quarter of 1990, with an overall declining trend. This amounted to an almost 37% decrease within the region. When analyzed by state, the positivity rates and decreases were relatively similar: Alaska, 12.2% to 10.0% positivity (18% decrease); Idaho, 10.5% to 8.0% (24% decrease); Oregon, 8.9% to 6.9% (22% decrease); and Washington, 9.3% to 6.6% (29% decrease). In patients 17 years of age and younger, positive rates for chlamydia fell 19%, from 12.2% in 1988 to 9.9% in 1990. In women 18-19 years old and women 20-24 years old, the rates fell 24% and 31%, respectively. Larger decreases in chlamydia rates were found among women in the 25-29 year age group (31% reduction) and in those 30 years old and older (44% reduction). Infection rates decreased in all race/ethnic groups, except Asians. Approximately 2/3 of the women with positive chlamydia tests had no apparent symptoms of disease. Conversely, the presence of certain clinical indicators seemed to correlate with the probability of a positive test result.
Reconfigurable plasma antenna produced in air by laser-induced filaments: Passive radar application (2012)

A virtual reconfigurable plasma antenna consisting of a set of laser plasma filaments produced in air by the propagation of femtosecond laser pulses in air is investigated. Several possible configurations of such virtual antenna are introduced. Input impedance, radiation pattern and current distribution, thermal noise and the radiation efficiency of a laser-induced plasma antenna are calculated. Field properties of plasma and copper antennas are compared. The results show that the proposed antenna has severe success with wide band of frequencies, which gives it suitability for transmitting a diversed radar waveform with the passive radar applications. It gives the passive radar a great advantage in its ability for using a wide band diverse pulse train to improve the detection probability of the radar with stealthy fluctuated targets, which difficult to generate using the tradition antenna.
Diacetyl and acetoin production from whey permeate using engineered Lactobacillus casei (2009)

The capability of Lactobacillus casei to produce the flavor-related compounds diacetyl and acetoin from whey permeate has been examined by a metabolic engineering approach. An L. casei strain in which the ilvBN genes from Lactococcus lactis, encoding acetohydroxyacid synthase, were expressed from the lactose operon was mutated in the lactate dehydrogenase gene (ldh) and in the pdhC gene, which codes for the E2 subunit of the pyruvate dehydrogenase complex. The introduction of these mutations resulted in an increased capacity to synthesize diacetyl/acetoin from lactose in whey permeate (1,400 mg/l at pH 5.5). The results showed that L. casei can be manipulated to synthesize added-value metabolites from dairy industry by-products.
A Process for large‐scale isolation of β‐galactosidase from <i>E. coli</i> in an aqueous two‐phase system (1983)

A method suitable for large-scale isolation of beta-galactosidase from a suspension of disintegrated E. coli cells has been developed. In an aqueous two-phase system consisting of PEG 6000 and potassium phosphate, all cell debris and the major part of the proteins and nucleic acids were partitioned to the denser salt phase. Seventy-five percent of the beta-galactosidase was recovered in the lighter PEG phase, giving a purification ratio of about 12.
An overview of imaging techniques and physical aspects of treatment planning in radioimmunotherapy (1993)

Planar and tomographic imaging techniques and methods of treatment planning in clinical radioimmunotherapy are reviewed. In clinical trials, the data needed for dosimetry and treatment planning are, in most cases, obtained from noninvasive imaging procedures. The required data include tumor and normal organ volumes, the activity of radiolabeled antibodies taken up in these volumes, and the pharmacokinetics of the administered activity of radiolabeled antibodies. Therefore, the topics addressed in this review include: (1) Volume determination of tumors and normal organs from x-ray-computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging, (2) quantitation of the activity of radiolabeled antibodies in tumors and normal organs from planar gamma camera views, (3) quantitative single-photon emission computed tomography and positron emission tomography, (4) correlative image analysis, and (5) treatment planning in clinical radioimmunotherapy.
Strong Binding of Platelet Integrin αIIbβ3 to Fibrin Clots: Potential Target to Destabilize Thrombi (2017)

The formation of platelet thrombi is determined by the integrin αIIbβ3-mediated interactions of platelets with fibrinogen and fibrin. Blood clotting in vivo is catalyzed by thrombin, which simultaneously induces fibrinogen binding to αIIbβ3 and converts fibrinogen to fibrin. Thus, after a short time, thrombus formation is governed by αIIbβ3 binding to fibrin fibers. Surprisingly, there is little understanding of αIIbβ3 interaction with fibrin polymers. Here we used an optical trap-based system to measure the binding of single αIIbβ3 molecules to polymeric fibrin and compare it to αIIbβ3 binding to monomeric fibrin and fibrinogen. Like αIIbβ3 binding to fibrinogen and monomeric fibrin, we found that αIIbβ3 binding to polymeric fibrin can be segregated into two binding regimes, one with weaker rupture forces of 30-60 pN and a second with stronger rupture forces >60 pN that peaked at 70-80 pN. However, we found that the mechanical stability of the bimolecular αIIbβ3-ligand complexes had the following order: fibrin polymer > fibrin monomer > fibrinogen. These quantitative differences reflect the distinct specificity and underlying molecular mechanisms of αIIbβ3-mediated reactions, implying that targeting platelet interactions with fibrin could increase the therapeutic indices of antithrombotic agents by focusing on the destabilization of thrombi rather than the prevention of platelet aggregation.
[Molecular pathogenesis of haemophilia A]. (2005)

Haemophilia A is one of the most common inherited bleeding disorders. Bleeding phenotype is caused by mutations within factor VIII gene, which result in deficient activity of the factor VIII in plasma. Various genetic defects have been described to affect factor VIII transcription, translation or its amino acid composition. Utilisation of 3D-model of the factor VIII helped to identify amino acid substitutions which adversely affect the protein folding and those which disturb various factor VIII interactions. Genetic defects have been stratified with respect to the relative risk of factor VIII inhibitor formation and a mechanism by which the antibody inhibits its function has been described. The knowledge has been utilised in current diagnostic practice and developement of future therapeutic strategies.
Analyzing the Targets of Hate in Online Social Media (2021)

Social media systems allow Internet users a congenial platform to freely express their thoughts and opinions. Although this property represents incredible and unique communication opportunities, it also brings along important challenges. Online hate speech is an archetypal example of such challenges. Despite its magnitude and scale, there is a significant gap in understanding the nature of hate speech on social media. In this paper, we provide the first of a kind systematic large scale measurement study of the main targets of hate speech in online social media. To do that, we gather traces from two social media systems: Whisper and Twitter. We then develop and validate a methodology to identify hate speech on both these systems. Our results identify online hate speech forms and offer a broader understanding of the phenomenon, providing directions for prevention and detection approaches.
Enhancing Passive Non-Line-of-Sight Imaging Using Polarization Cues (2019)

This paper presents a method of passive non-line-of-sight (NLOS) imaging using polarization cues. A key observation is that the oblique light has a different polarimetric signal. It turns out this effect is due to the polarization axis rotation, a phenomena which can be used to better condition the light transport matrix for non-line-of-sight imaging. Our analysis and results show that the use of a polarizer in front of the camera is not only a separate technique, but it can be seen as an enhancement technique for more advanced forms of passive NLOS imaging. For example, this paper shows that polarization can enhance passive NLOS imaging both with and without occluders. In all tested cases, despite the light attenuation from polarization optics, recovery of the occluded images is improved.
Extraction of Fe(III) with N,N,N',N'-tetrabutyl-3-oxy-glutaramide (2012)

The extraction performance and mechanism of Fe(Ⅲ) with N,N,N',N'-tetrabutyl-3-oxy-glutaramide were studied in two diluents.The influence of the concentration of hydrochloric acid,TBOPDA and the temperature on the extraction had been investigated.The results showed that the extraction distribution ratio of Fe(Ⅲ) increased with the increase of the concentration of hydrochloric acid.Extraction distribution increased with the increase of extractant concentration.The distribution ratio decreased with the increase of temperature,and the extraction reaction was exothermic.
Knock-In Reporter Mice Demonstrate that DNA Repair by Non-homologous End Joining Declines with Age (2014)

Accumulation of genome rearrangements is a characteristic of aged tissues. Since genome rearrangements result from faulty repair of DNA double strand breaks (DSBs), we hypothesized that DNA DSB repair becomes less efficient with age. The Non-Homologous End Joining (NHEJ) pathway repairs a majority of DSBs in vertebrates. To examine age-associated changes in NHEJ, we have generated an R26NHEJ mouse model in which a GFP-based NHEJ reporter cassette is knocked-in to the ROSA26 locus. In this model, NHEJ repair of DSBs generated by the site-specific endonuclease, I-SceI, reconstitutes a functional GFP gene. In this system NHEJ efficiency can be compared across tissues of the same mouse and in mice of different age. Using R26NHEJ mice, we found that NHEJ efficiency was higher in the skin, lung, and kidney fibroblasts, and lower in the heart fibroblasts and brain astrocytes. Furthermore, we observed that NHEJ efficiency declined with age. In the 24-month old animals compared to the 5-month old animals, NHEJ efficiency declined 1.8 to 3.8-fold, depending on the tissue, with the strongest decline observed in the skin fibroblasts. The sequence analysis of 300 independent NHEJ repair events showed that, regardless of age, mice utilize microhomology sequences at a significantly higher frequency than expected by chance. Furthermore, the frequency of microhomology-mediated end joining (MMEJ) events increased in the heart and lung fibroblasts of old mice, suggesting that NHEJ becomes more mutagenic with age. In summary, our study provides a versatile mouse model for the analysis of NHEJ in a wide range of tissues and demonstrates that DNA repair by NHEJ declines with age in mice, which could provide a mechanism for age-related genomic instability and increased cancer incidence with age.
Biology of hypertensive cardiopathy (2000)

Available data suggest that hypertensive cardiopathy is principally determined by the phenoconversion that allows the myocyte to adapt to the new working conditions by re-expressing a fetal program. Nevertheless, in clinical conditions, the scheme is different. The above phenotype is modified by trophic factors, which originate from ischemia, senescence, diabetes, genetics, or neurohormonal reactions. This review only focuses on some of the most recent advances concerning the permanent changes in the myocyte. Changes in extracellular matrix have been excluded. Recently, emphasis has been on the kinetic basis of the myocardial dysfunction at the myosin level, the potential therapeutic utilization of transferring the adrenergic receptor gene, the participation of NO synthases in the adaptational process, the existence of an abnormal excitation-contraction coupling due to a redistribution of Ca2+ sparks, the role of the microtubule as a determinant of sarcomere motion, and the multifactorial origin of cell death by apoptosis.
A perturbation/correlation method for force guided robot assembly (1999)

Force guided robot control is a control scheme based on the interpretation of measured force acting on the robot end effector. A functional map relating the correction of motion to force measurements is generated based on the geometry of the workpiece and its kinematic behavior in interacting with the environment. In the traditional force guided control schemes, the contact force measured by a force sensor is directly fed back to a feedback controller to generate a motion correction signal. In the paper, instead of simply measuring contact forces, we take positive actions by giving perturbation to the end effector and observing the reaction forces to the perturbation in order to obtain much richer and more reliable information. By the correlation between the input perturbation and the resultant reaction forces, we can determine the gradient of the force profile and guide the part correctly. By applying a type of direct adaptive control, the contact force is maintained at the lowest level. This algorithm is applied to a pipe insertion task, in which the insertion force is minimized during the insertion. Based on the process model and stability analysis using the Popov stability criterion, conditions for stable, successful insertion despite nonlinearities and uncertainties in the environment are obtained. The theoretical results are verified using the experimental data. To generate high frequency perturbation, a vibratory end effector using piezoelectric actuators is designed and built. Through both simulations and experiments, the feasibility and usefulness of these methods are demonstrated.
Beam propagation method for analysis of Er-doped integrated optics devices (2000)

A method of calculating the gain and the output signal based on the beam propagation method and rate equations is presented. It employs the complex atomic susceptibility in the paraxial wave equation to calculate light propagation in integrated optics devices. As an example, an erbium-doped waveguide planar splitter is analyzed.
Effects of Prometryn and Dinoseb Combinations in an Undiluted Oil Carrier (1975)

Prometryn [2,4-bis(isopropylamino)-6-(methylthio)- s -triazine] and dinoseb (2- sec -butyl-4,6-dinitrophenol) were applied in a non-phytotoxic undiluted oil carrier to sorghum ( Sorghum bicolor L. ‘RS 610’), bean ( Phaseolus vulgaris L. ‘Cascade’), and cucumber ( Cucumis sativas ‘Wis. SMR-18’) simultaneously or separately, where prometryn treatment was followed by dinoseb at varying intervals of time. The simultaneous application of the two herbicides resulted in an additive response on all three plants, except that a slight antagonism was observed at one rate on both bean and cucumber. A synergistic response was observed when dinoseb treatment was delayed for at least 1 day on bean and cucumber and 2 days on sorghum. 14 C-prometryn ( 14 C) movement in bean leaves was not altered by simultaneous dinoseb application.
Absence of a telomere maintenance mechanism as a favorable prognostic factor in patients with osteosarcoma. (2003)

There are two telomere maintenance mechanisms (TMMs) in human tumors, telomerase activation (TA) and, more rarely, the process termed alternative lengthening of telomeres (ALT). Unlike most carcinomas, sarcomas, including osteosarcomas (OS), have been reported to display TA and ALT in more balanced proportions and, thus, present an opportunity to examine the impact of different TMMs on clinical tumor behavior. We studied OS samples from 62 patients for molecular evidence of TA and ALT. Kaplan-Meier analysis demonstrated that the absence of both TA and ALT (in 18%) was more strongly associated with improved survival (P = 0.05) than were stage (P = 0.16) or chemotherapy response (P = 0.18) in this group of patients with OS. Subsets of OS cases with either TA or ALT did not differ significantly from each other in clinical outcome. There were no significant associations of presence, absence, or type of TMM with patient age, stage, or chemotherapy response. Thus, the absence of a detectable TMM may identify a favorable clinical subset of OS patients. Our study also suggests that the likelihood of detecting correlations between TMMs and clinical outcome in studies of certain other tumor types might be improved if, in addition to TA, ALT is included in future analyses. Finally, we note that OS cases with a TA-/ALT+ phenotype seem to be as clinically aggressive as TA+ cases in terms of stage and clinical outcome.
Spatially Resolved Measurements of Size and Velocity Distributions of Aerosol Droplets from a Direct Injection Nebulizer (1993)

Aerosol droplet sizes and velocities from a direct injection nebulizer (DIN) are measured with radial and axial spatial resolution by phase Doppler particle analysis (PDPA). The droplets on the central axis of the spray become finer and their size becomes more uniform when ≍ 20% methanol is added to the usual aqueous solvent. This could explain why the analyte signal is a maximum at this solvent composition when the DIN is used for inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (ICP-MS). Mean droplet velocities are 12 to 22 ms −1 with standard deviations of ±4 to ±7 ms −1 . The outer fringes of the aerosol plume tend to be enriched in large droplets. The Sauter mean diameter ( D 3,2 ) and velocity of the droplets also vary substantially with axial position in the aerosol plume.
Live Cell Multicolor Imaging of Lipid Droplets with a New Dye, LD540 (2009)

A lipophilic dye based on the Bodipy fluorophore, LD540, was developed for microscopic imaging of lipid droplets. In contrast to previous lipid droplet dyes, it can spectrally be resolved from both green and red fluorophores allowing multicolor imaging in both fixed and living cells. Its improved specificity, brightness and photostability support live cell imaging, which was used to demonstrate by two-color imaging lipid droplet motility along microtubules.
Cation-Exchange Conversion of Hydroxylamine Sulfate to Hydroxylamine Nitrate (1977)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTCation-Exchange Conversion of Hydroxylamine Sulfate to Hydroxylamine NitrateEarl J. WheelwrightCite this: Ind. Eng. Chem. Process Des. Dev. 1977, 16, 2, 220–222Publication Date (Print):April 1, 1977Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 April 1977https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/i260062a010https://doi.org/10.1021/i260062a010research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views102Altmetric-Citations2LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access options Get e-Alerts
Low-Dose Daily Intake of Vitamin K<sub>2</sub> (Menaquinone-7) Improves Osteocalcin &gamma;-Carboxylation: A Double-Blind, Randomized Controlled Trials (2015)

Vitamin K is essential for bone health, but the effects of low-dose vitamin K intake in Japanese subjects remain unclear. We investigated the effective minimum daily menaquinone-7 dose for improving osteocalcin γ-carboxylation. Study 1 was a double-blind, randomized controlled dose-finding trial; 60 postmenopausal women aged 50-69 y were allocated to one of four dosage group and consumed 0, 50, 100, or 200 μg menaquinone-7 daily for 4 wk, respectively, with a controlled diet in accordance with recommended daily intakes for 2010 in Japan. Study 2 was a double-blind, randomized placebo-controlled trial based on the results of Study 1; 120 subjects aged 20-69 y were allocated to the placebo or MK-7 group and consumed 0 or 100 μg menaquinone-7 daily for 12 wk, respectively. In both studies, circulating carboxylated osteocalcin and undercarboxylated osteocalcin were measured. The carboxylated osteocalcin/undercarboxylated osteocalcin ratio decreased significantly from baseline in the 0 μg menaquinone-7 group, in which subjects consumed the recommended daily intake of vitamin K with vitamin K1 and menaquinone-4 (Study 1). Menaquinone-7 increased the carboxylated osteocalcin/undercarboxylated osteocalcin ratio dose dependently, and significant effects were observed in both the 100 and 200 μg groups compared with the 0 μg group. Undercarboxylated osteocalcin concentrations decreased significantly, and the carboxylated osteocalcin/undercarboxylated osteocalcin ratio increased significantly in the 100 μg menaquinone-7 group compared with the placebo group (Study 2). Daily menaquinone-7 intake ≥100 μg was suggested to improve osteocalcin γ-carboxylation.
Local density-based anomaly detection in hyperspectral image (2015)

A local density-based anomaly detection (LDAD) method is proposed. LDAD is a nonparameter model-based method, which utilizes the pixel’s local density in hyperspectral images as a criterion to determine the pixel’s anomalousness. In this method, the local density is calculated as a function of the spectral distance between pixels. Distinct from the statistical-based method, there are no assumptions made on the background distributions. Due to the pairwise distance calculation between pixels, LDAD’s computational complexity is quadratic to the total number of pixels. To improve the efficiency, an optimization strategy by pruning is implemented to reduce the unnecessary computational costs. Experiments on real hyperspectral image suggest that the proposed anomaly detector can achieve better detection performance than its counterparts, while keeping the computational cost relatively low by applying the optimization.
Dual Characteristics of Novel HER2 Kinase Domain Mutations in Response to HER2-Targeted Therapies in Human Breast Cancer (2016)

HER2-negative breast cancer with activating mutations can benefit from HER2-targeted therapies. Meanwhile, mutations in the HER2 kinase domain might be a key mechanism of resistance to HER2-targeted therapy, and irreversible tyrosine kinase inhibitors such as neratinib may offer alternative treatment options. Clin Cancer Res; 22(19); 4859-69. ©2016 AACR.