gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Local salient patterns &#x2014; A novel local descriptor for face recognition (2013)

Feature extraction is critical to the success of a face recognition system. Local Binary Patterns (LBP), with its different extensions, is one of the most popular texture descriptors, because of its demonstrated accuracy and efficiency. A LBP code is Jointly determined by a number of local comparisons between a central pixel and its surrounding pixels. Therefore even a single flipping of any comparison results will dramatically change the resulting LBP code. This paper proposes a novel feature descriptor, named Local Salient Patterns (LSP), which aims to only encode the most robust local comparisons, with the largest positive or negative contrast magnitude in LBP feature representation. Therefore LSP is expected to be more robust than the conventional LBP descriptor. In addition, LSP can be further extended to high order cases which explore more local relationships among multiple pixels. Extensive experimental results demonstrate that LSP outperforms the uniform LBP in most cases, when encoding using different radii and number of sampling points. LSP also achieves better performance than some advanced variants of LBP descriptors such as Local Ternary Patterns (LTP). We show that multi-order LSP achieves state-of-the art face recognition performance.
Fashion Recommendation Systems, Models and Methods: A Review (2021)

In recent years, the textile and fashion industries have witnessed an enormous amount of growth in fast fashion. On e-commerce platforms, where numerous choices are available, an efficient recommendation system is required to sort, order, and efficiently convey relevant product content or information to users. Image-based fashion recommendation systems (FRSs) have attracted a huge amount of attention from fast fashion retailers as they provide a personalized shopping experience to consumers. With the technological advancements, this branch of artificial intelligence exhibits a tremendous amount of potential in image processing, parsing, classification, and segmentation. Despite its huge potential, the number of academic articles on this topic is limited. The available studies do not provide a rigorous review of fashion recommendation systems and the corresponding filtering techniques. To the best of the authors’ knowledge, this is the first scholarly article to review the state-of-the-art fashion recommendation systems and the corresponding filtering techniques. In addition, this review also explores various potential models that could be implemented to develop fashion recommendation systems in the future. This paper will help researchers, academics, and practitioners who are interested in machine learning, computer vision, and fashion retailing to understand the characteristics of the different fashion recommendation systems.
Effect of a single bolus of intracoronary basic fibroblast growth factor on perfusion in an ischemic porcine model. (1999)

Basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) has been shown to induce angiogenesis in various animal models, but the methods of administration used experimentally are not clinically feasible. The objective of this study was to determine whether a single intracoronary bolus injection of bFGF would improve coronary perfusion in a porcine ischemic model that mimics clinical chronic ischemia. A copper coil studded with gold was delivered into the proximal right coronary artery of juvenile Yorkshire pigs and deployed by interventional techniques. After a four-week interval for stenosis maturation, bFGF (100 micrograms) was administered by bolus injection into the left coronary artery in five animals, and vehicle alone was administered in four animals. Angiogenesis and change in right coronary perfusion area were assessed two weeks later by angiography, myocardial contrast echocardiography and immunohistochemistry. The right coronary perfusion area increased significantly after treatment in all but one of the animals that received bFGF but not in any of the controls. Intimal hyperplasia was not induced by bFGF. Capillary density determined histochemically was not different in the two groups. In conclusion, in a porcine ischemic model, bFGF administered by a single bolus intracoronary injection into the contralateral artery improved antegrade perfusion into the ischemic territory although without histological evidence of angiogenesis. This preliminary work merits further investigation.
Structural and physical characterisation of transparent conducting pulsed laser deposited In2O3–ZnO thin films (2000)

Indium–zinc oxide thin films, with compositions ranging from In2O3 to ZnO, were prepared by pulsed laser deposition using a substrate temperature of 500 °C and an oxygen pressure of 10−3 mbar. X-Ray diffraction studies coupled with transmission electron microscopy revealed that the texture and the structure of the films are composition dependent with however a preferred orientation for all compositions, excluding In2O3 for consideration. As the Zn/(Zn + In) atomic ratio increased, the film structure evolved from cubic In2O3 to hexagonal ZnO via a hexagonal layered ZnkIn2Ok + 3 structure. An average transmittance of 85–90% in the visible region was obtained for all films independently of the composition. The maximum conductivity (σ = 1500 S cm−1) was reached for a film having an atomic ratio Zn/(Zn + In) = 0.5 (i.e. Zn2In2O5).
In vitro Characterization of Phenylacetate Decarboxylase, a Novel Enzyme Catalyzing Toluene Biosynthesis in an Anaerobic Microbial Community (2016)

Anaerobic bacterial biosynthesis of toluene from phenylacetate was reported more than two decades ago, but the biochemistry underlying this novel metabolism has never been elucidated. Here we report results of in vitro characterization studies of a novel phenylacetate decarboxylase from an anaerobic, sewage-derived enrichment culture that quantitatively produces toluene from phenylacetate; complementary metagenomic and metaproteomic analyses are also presented. Among the noteworthy findings is that this enzyme is not the well-characterized clostridial p-hydroxyphenylacetate decarboxylase (CsdBC). However, the toluene synthase under study appears to be able to catalyze both phenylacetate and p-hydroxyphenylacetate decarboxylation. Observations suggesting that phenylacetate and p-hydroxyphenylacetate decarboxylation in complex cell-free extracts were catalyzed by the same enzyme include the following: (i) the specific activity for both substrates was comparable in cell-free extracts, (ii) the two activities displayed identical behavior during chromatographic separation of cell-free extracts, (iii) both activities were irreversibly inactivated upon exposure to O2, and (iv) both activities were similarly inhibited by an amide analog of p-hydroxyphenylacetate. Based upon these and other data, we hypothesize that the toluene synthase reaction involves a glycyl radical decarboxylase. This first-time study of the phenylacetate decarboxylase reaction constitutes an important step in understanding and ultimately harnessing it for making bio-based toluene.
Low-temperature H<sub>2</sub>S removal for solid oxide fuel cell application with metal oxide adsorbents (2016)

The desulfurization of biogas is essential for the successful operation of solid oxide fuel cells. H 2 S is one of the main components in biogas. In order to feed a solid oxide fuel cell, the contaminated gas has to be reduced to a certain degree. In this work, different parameters onto the desulfurization performance of commercially available desulfurization adsorbents were investigated. The experiments were carried out using a custom made lab-scale unit. Synthetic biogas was passed through the sorbent bed and the outlet H 2 S concentration was measured. Experimental runs in a fixed bed reactor were conducted to monitor H 2 S removal efficiency of a zinc oxide adsorbent, an adsorbent based on a mixture of manganese and copper oxide and a zeolite adsorbent. H 2 S removal efficiency was monitored under various operating conditions such as different temperatures, space velocities and inlet concentrations. This work provides useful data for adsorption tower design and process optimization.
Cooperative AUV motion planning using terrain information (2013)

There is widespread interest in the deployment of fleets of marine robots with the potential to roam the oceans freely and collect data at an unprecedented scale. This calls for the development of efficient algorithms for multiple vehicle motion planning that can take directly into account the capabilities of each vehicle as well as the environmental conditions and lend themselves to seamless integration with control and navigation systems. The latter connection is for the most part eschewed in the literature, in spite of the obvious fact that in order for the vehicles to execute the planned motions they must at a later stage navigate with great accuracy and follow the trajectories using control algorithms that take explicitly into account the dynamical constraints of the vehicles involved. Among the methods available for underwater vehicle navigation, terrain-based techniques have recently come to the fore. These techniques avoid the use of overly expensive inertial-like motion sensor units and hold considerable promise for the development of a new breed of affordable long range navigation systems. Motivated by these considerations, we tackle in the present paper the problem of multiple vehicle motion planning by taking explicitly into consideration inter-vehicle collision avoidance, together with a number of criteria that may include simultaneous times of arrival at assigned target points, energy minimization, acoustic communication constraints, and the maximization of terrain information along the vehicle paths (as measured by some appropriate criterion) for terrain-based navigation purposes.
Medical Malpractice: A crisis in cost and access (2005)

Examine the medical malpractice crisis and methods of stopping it.
Retinol, alpha-tocopherol, lutein/zeaxanthin, beta-cryptoxanthin, lycopene, alpha-carotene, trans-beta-carotene, and four retinyl esters in serum determined simultaneously by reversed-phase HPLC with multiwavelength detection (1994)

We describe the use of HPLC with multiwavelength detection to measure retinol, alpha-tocopherol, lutein/zeaxanthin, beta-cryptoxanthin, lycopene, alpha-carotene, trans-beta-carotene, beta-carotene, and the linoleate, oleate, palmitate, and stearate esters of retinol in a single 200-microL serum sample. The method is sensitive enough to detect individual retinyl esters in fasting serum from a nonhyperlipidemic population and requires only 12 min for each sample. Serum concentration ranges and means are reported for retinol, alpha-tocopherol, lutein/zeaxanthin, beta-cryptoxanthin, lycopene, alpha-carotene, trans-beta-carotene, and the sum of the retinyl esters from serum analyses of 3480 participants from several different studies.
Mediators and Moderators of Treatment Effects in Randomized Clinical Trials (2002)

Randomized clinical trials (RCTs) not only are the gold standard for evaluating the efficacy and effectiveness of psychiatric treatments but also can be valuable in revealing moderators and mediators of therapeutic change. Conceptually, moderators identify on whom and under what circumstances treatments have different effects. Mediators identify why and how treatments have effects. We describe an analytic framework to identify and distinguish between moderators and mediators in RCTs when outcomes are measured dimensionally. Rapid progress in identifying the most effective treatments and understanding on whom treatments work and do not work and why treatments work or do not work depends on efforts to identify moderators and mediators of treatment outcome. We recommend that RCTs routinely include and report such analyses.
DiffUser: Differentiated user access control on smartphones (2009)

Smartphones have been widely used in recent years due to their capabilities of supporting many applications from simple Short Message Service messages to complicated Location-based services. It is challenging for smartphones to enable their end users to manage all applications in all possible use cases to protect privacy or sensitive data. However, the security model for smartphone users is still a two-state model in which they can do anything or absolutely nothing, and it is no longer suitable. In this paper, we propose DiffUser, a differentiated user access control model to enhance smartphone security and user privacy. DiffUser classifies smartphone users based on certain sets of user access privileges. We implement a prototype of DiffUser on real-world T-Mobile G1 smartphones. The evaluation results show that our system is lightweight and flexible.
ALRESCHA: A Lightweight Reconfigurable Sparse-Computation Accelerator (2020)

Sparse problems that dominate a wide range of applications fail to effectively benefit from high memory bandwidth and concurrent computations in modern high-performance computer systems. Therefore, hardware accelerators have been proposed to capture a high degree of parallelism in sparse problems. However, the unexplored challenge for sparse problems is the limited opportunity for parallelism because of data dependencies, a common computation pattern in scientific sparse problems. Our key insight is to extract parallelism by mathematically transforming the computations into equivalent forms. The transformation breaks down the sparse kernels into a majority of independent parts and a minority of data-dependent ones and reorders these parts to gain performance. To implement the key insight, we propose a lightweight reconfigurable sparse-computation accelerator (Alrescha). To efficiently run the data-dependent and parallel parts and to enable fast switching between them, Alrescha makes two contributions. First, it implements a compute engine with a fixed compute unit for the parallel parts and a lightweight reconfigurable engine for the execution of the data-dependent parts. Second, Alrescha benefits from a locally-dense storage format, with the right order of non-zero values to yield the order of computations dictated by the transformation. The combination of the lightweight reconfigurable hardware and the storage format enables uninterrupted streaming from memory. Our simulation results show that compared to GPU, Alrescha achieves an average speedup of 15.6x for scientific sparse problems, and 8x for graph algorithms. Moreover, compared to GPU, Alrescha consumes 14x less energy.
Directly Formed Alucone on Lithium Metal for High-Performance Li Batteries and Li–S Batteries with High Sulfur Mass Loading (2018)

Lithium metal is considered the "holy grail" of next-generation battery anodes. However, severe parasitic reactions at the lithium-electrolyte interface deplete the liquid electrolyte and the uncontrolled formation of high surface area and dendritic lithium during cycling causes rapid capacity fading and battery failure. Engineering a dendrite-free lithium metal anode is therefore critical for the development of long-life batteries using lithium anodes. In this study, we deposit a conformal, organic/inorganic hybrid coating, for the first time, directly on lithium metal using molecular layer deposition (MLD) to alleviate these problems. This hybrid organic/inorganic film with high cross-linking structure can stabilize lithium against dendrite growth and minimize side reactions, as indicated by scanning electron microscopy. We discovered that the alucone coating yielded several times longer cycle life at high current rates compared to the uncoated lithium and achieved a steady Coulombic efficiency of 99.5%, demonstrating that the highly cross-linking structured material with great mechanical properties and good flexibility can effectively suppress dendrite formation. The protected Li was further evaluated in lithium-sulfur (Li-S) batteries with a high sulfur mass loading of ∼5 mg/cm<sup>2</sup>. After 140 cycles at a high current rate of ∼1 mA/cm<sup>2</sup>, alucone-coated Li-S batteries delivered a capacity of 657.7 mAh/g, 39.5% better than that of a bare lithium-sulfur battery. These findings suggest that flexible coating with high cross-linking structure by MLD is effective to enable lithium protection and offers a very promising avenue for improved performance in the real applications of Li-S batteries.
Redox-triggered chiroptical molecular switches (2009)

Efficient chiroptical molecular redox switches have been engineered that display multiple stable optically active forms, chemically reversible redox processes, and highly sensitive chiroptical responses. Systems that have been studied in this context include electro-active organic polymers, redox-active coordination complexes, and certain organic compounds that may be oxidized or reduced reversibly. Studies in this field have yielded diverse platforms that benefit from dynamic stereochemical and electronic phenomena. This tutorial review introduces basic design criteria for chiroptical molecular switches, summarizes examples, and provides an outlook for future work in the area.
Structure and stability of hexadentate complexes of ligands based on AAZTA for efficient PET labelling with gallium-68 (2012)

Pre-organised tricarboxylate ligands based on 6-amino-perhydro-1,4-diazepine bind (68)Ga rapidly and selectively in acetate buffer at pH 4 to 7, forming kinetically stable complexes suitable for use in PET imaging.
Common bile duct injection as a novel method for establishing red fluorescent protein (RFP)-expressing human pancreatic cancer in nude mice. (2006)

Common bile duct injection is a novel technique for the development of fluorescent mouse models of metastatic pancreatic cancer.
Cerebellar Development and Circuit Maturation: A Common Framework for Spinocerebellar Ataxias (2020)

Spinocerebellar ataxias (SCAs) affect the cerebellum and its afferent and efferent systems that degenerate during disease progression. In the cerebellum, Purkinje cells (PCs) are the most vulnerable and their prominent loss in the late phase of the pathology is the main characteristic of these neurodegenerative diseases. Despite the constant advancement in the discovery of affected molecules and cellular pathways, a comprehensive description of the events leading to the development of motor impairment and degeneration is still lacking. However, in the last years the possible causal role for altered cerebellar development and neuronal circuit wiring in SCAs has been emerging. Not only wiring and synaptic transmission deficits are a common trait of SCAs, but also preventing the expression of the mutant protein during cerebellar development seems to exert a protective role. By discussing this tight relationship between cerebellar development and SCAs, in this review, we aim to highlight the importance of cerebellar circuitry for the investigation of SCAs.
Design of Intelligent Checkers to Enhance the Security and Safety of Cyber Physical Systems (2014)

An approach for the design and placement of Intelligent Checkers (ICs) is presented along with an application to enhance the security and safety of a water purification system. Each IC, a smart sensor with a one-way outgoing communication over the network, monitors in real-time the status of one or more physical processes and raises an alarm when the monitored process measurements violate predefined constraints. ICs are structurally and behaviorally independent of the cyber-portion of a Cyber Physical System (CPS) and hence are much less likely to be affected by cyber attacks than the control system that monitors and controls a CPS. Thus, ICs serve as devices orthogonal to an existing intrusion detection system and assist in the early detection of successful attacks through independent monitoring of physical processes.
Optimum Design of Laminated Composite Plates Using Lamination Parameters (1993)

When laminated composite plates are symmetric and orthotropic, their in-plane and flexural stiffnesses become the functions of the lamination parameters that are the functions of their stacking sequences. We use the lamination parameters as fundamental design variables in designing laminates. The feasible region of the lamination parameters is obtained on a two-dimensional plane. Optimum design points can be obtained from the geometric relations between the feasible region and an objective function
Laser micromachining of fiber-optic taps (1991)

A simple and inexpensive method to couple light into a fiber and collect light from a fiber is essential to realize many new optical communications applications such as network interconnections, line status-monitoring systems, optical sensors, and signal-processing systems. We have recently demonstrated tire possibility of laser ablative chemical etching (LACE) of silica fibers to produce such fiber-optic taps.1-2 The previous techniques for fabrication of taps on fibers are not sufficiently easy, rapid, inexpensive, and reliable because they involve mechanical techniques such as macrobending, polishing, slicing, and deposition of dielectric mirrors in the fiber core, or epoxy attachment to the fiber core.
Microemulsions (2014)

This article contains sections entitled: 1. Introduction 1.1. Thermodynamic Models for Microemulsions 1.2. Interfacial Tension 1.3. Characterization of Microemulsions 1.4. Rheology 2. Phase Behavior of Emulsions and Microemulsions 3. Semiempirical Description of Microemulsion Formation 4. Phase Behavior of Applied Microemulsion Systems 4.1. Alkyl Polyglucosides 4.2. Alkyl Ethoxylates 4.3. Other Nonionic Surfactants 4.4. Alkyl Sulfates 4.5. Extended Surfactants 4.6. Lecithin 4.7. Cationic Surfactants 4.8. Addition of Block Copolymers 5. Applications of Microemulsions 5.1. Enhanced Oil Recovery 5.2. Pharmaceutics 5.2.1. Oral Delivery of Drugs 5.2.2. Topical Delivery of Drugs 5.3. Food Industry 5.4. Reactions in Microemulsions 5.5. Detergents 5.6. Cosmetics 5.7. Other Applications 6. Summary 7. Acknowledgement
Expression of Programmed Death-Ligand 1 by Human Colonic CD90+ Stromal Cells Differs Between Ulcerative Colitis and Crohn’s Disease and Determines Their Capacity to Suppress Th1 Cells (2018)

We present evidence showing that increased PD-L1 expression suppresses Th1 cell activity in UC. In contrast, loss of PD-L1 expression observed in CD contributes to the persistence of the Th1 inflammatory milieu in CD. Our data suggest that dysregulation of the Th1 responses in the inflamed colonic mucosa of IBD patients is promoted by the alterations in PD-L1 expression in the mucosal mesenchymal stromal cell compartment.
Pad weight testing in the evaluation of urinary incontinence (2013)

The pad test is clearly underutilized. Well-designed studies providing level one evidence are lacking. Numerous variations in how the test is performed by individual urologists make the evaluation of published literature difficult. Future research goals should include randomized studies leading to establishment of optimal protocols of testing for clinical research and daily care.
A timing driven N-way chip and multi-chip partitioner (1993)

With the growing complexity of integrated circuits and the advent of new technologies and new generations of packaging technologies, an essential physical design tool is a flexible physical partitioner. We therefore present a timing driven n-way chip and multi-chip partitioner which we call Tomus. The partitioner enables an automatic layout package to (1) divide and conquer the physical design process of field programmable gate array (FPGA) circuits or mixed macro/standard cell circuits and (2) physically partition a circuit onto n chips for a multichip package. Using a two-phased natural and adaptive clustering method, the annealing-based N-way partitioner executes four to 22 times faster with improved partitioning results. The placement results for industrial FPGAs were improved by 90% over the only available industrial placement tool. Our partitioner outperformed an industrial FPGA partitioner by 95% in MCM partitioning.