gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Qualification of a Semi-Submersible Floating Foundation for Multi-Megawatt Wind Turbines (2010)

Abstract Recent trends in the wind industry point to the use of increasingly larger and more powerful machines with rated power ranging from 5 to 10MW exclusively designed for offshore use. Floating foundations offer greater flexibility in term of site selection for wind farms, and if properly designed, may result in comparable availability with equivalent offshore turbines on fixed foundations, while reducing the complexity and risks associated with offshore installation. The WindFloat platform is a semi-submersible platform with three columns fitted with a large horizontal water-entrapment plate at the base. The wind turbine and tower are fitted on one of the columns. The platform is designed to support commercially available multi-megawatt wind turbines with no hardware modification to the turbine. The qualification process followed for the development of a 150MW wind farm offshore Portugal is discussed. Because of economic constraints, optimization of the platform is essential to achieve project financial targets. A rational and comprehensive process was followed to optimize the system while maintaining the robustness required to survive in the offshore environment. The design process is based on a combination of advanced numerical analysis and scale model experimentation. Full-scale experimentation is ongoing. Selected design codes and industry standards are applied. The return period of extreme events is adjusted based on experience acquired by the wind industry. Because of the considerable aerodynamic loads generated by the wind turbine and their effects on platform motion, the ability to solve the combined aerodynamic and hydrodynamic problem is necessary. Additional factors, such as tower dynamics and turbine controls must also be taken into account. Development of a coupled hydro-servo-aero-elastic model constitutes a key element of the qualification process. Rules for the design of Mobile Offshore Drilling Units are followed to verify platform stability in intact condition, and to ensure that compartmentation is sufficient to withstand damaged conditions with any compartment flooded. Time-domain coupled analysis of the platform and its mooring system are performed. The hydrodynamic response is also validated with scale model tests. A four-point mooring configuration is adopted. Reliability considerations are discussed to assess the level of redundancy required in the mooring system, in particular with regards to the one-line damaged condition. The platform structural design is conducted using applicable offshore codes from several classification societies, as well as extensive finite-element analysis. Structural dynamics is critical to platform design due to the dynamic excitation of the tower and the corresponding loading of the substructure primary members.
Hierarchical motion brushes for animation instancing (2014)

Our work on "motion brushes" provides a new workflow for the creation and reuse of 3D animation with a focus on stylized movement and depiction. Conceptually, motion brushes expand existing brush models by incorporating hierarchies of 3D animated content including geometry, appearance information, and motion data as core brush primitives that are instantiated using a painting interface. Because motion brushes can encompass all the richness of detail and movement offered by animation software, they accommodate complex, varied effects that are not easily created by other means. To support reuse and provide an effective means for managing complexity, we propose a hierarchical representation that allows simple brushes to be combined into more complex ones. Our system provides stroke-based control over motion-brush parameters, including tools to effectively manage the temporal nature of the motion brush instances. We demonstrate the flexibility and richness of our system with motion brushes for splashing rain, footsteps appearing in the snow, and stylized visual effects.
Adaptive Reinforcement Learning-Based Routing Protocol for Wireless Multihop Networks (2018)

This paper presents a research on a topic of development of an adaptive packet routing scheme for wireless multihop networks, based on reinforcement learning optimization algorithm. A brief overview of classical approaches for data routing in multihop networks is provided, emphasizing main drawbacks of such algorithms, caused by ineffective hop count routing metric used in traditional multihop routing algorithms. Then, an approach based on reinforcement learning theory is presented, that has a potential to select more effective routes, relying on feedback information from neighboring nodes. An algorithm based on reinforcement learning optimization function is proposed, as well as additional functions are introduced for initial route weights distribution and dynamic route probability selection, depending from the current packet loss ratio (PLR) and receive signal strength indicator (RSSI) factors. The elaborated adaptive routing scheme then has been tested in real wireless multihop topology, where a programming implementation of the proposed algorithm - RLRP protocol, showed better routing performance characteristics in terms of PLR and RRT (Route Recovery Time), compared to a traditional improved proactive scheme of wireless multihop routing, implemented in widely used B.A.T.M.A.N. (Better Approach to Mobile Ad hoc Networking) protocol.
ARUM: Polar Coded HARQ Scheme based on Incremental Channel Polarization (2018)

A hybrid ARQ (HARQ) scheme for polar code, which is called active-bit relocation under masks (ARUM), is proposed. In each transmission, the data bits are encoded and bit-wisely XOR-masked using a binary vector before being transmitted through the channel. The masking process combines multiple transmissions together which forms another step of inter-transmission channel transform. The reliabilities are updated after every transmission, and the less reliable bits in earlier ones are relocated to the more reliable positions at the latest transmitted block. ARUM is a very flexible HARQ scheme which allows each transmission to have a different mother code length and to adopt independent rate-matching scheme with sufficient channel state feedback in HARQ process. Simulation shows that ARUM can obtain near-optimal coding gain.
Efficient Cr,Nd:Gd3Sc2Ga3O12 laser at 1.06 μm pumped by visible GaInP/AlGaInP laser diodes (1991)

The 1.06 μm Nd transition in co-doped Cr,Nd:Gd3Sc2Ga3O12 (Cr,Nd:GSGG) is obtained by diode pumping Cr3+ at 670 nm and is shown to produce efficient, low-threshold laser operation. Both cw and long-pulse diode pumping were demonstrated, with pump power levels as high as 300 mW cw and 1 W pulsed. The lowest threshold power measured was 938 μW, and the highest output power obtained was 43 mW cw and 173 mW pulsed. The best slope efficiency obtained was 42.1%, 78% of the theoretical maximum. Loss measurements indicate a value of 0.4% cm−1.
Location anonymity in continuous location-based services (2007)

A major concern for large-scale deployment of location-based services (LBSs) is the potential abuse of their client location data, which may imply sensitive personal information. Location privacy protection is challenging because a location itself may reveal a subject's identity. To support location anonymity, existing research reduces location resolution by ensuring each location reported to a service provider is a cloaking area that contains at least K mobile nodes. This strategy is effective when each location update can be considered as an independent event. In this paper, we investigate location anonymity in the context of continuous LBSs, which require frequent location updates from service users. Knowing that a user is inside a cloaking area constrains its position in the next cloaking area. Thus, simply ensuring each cloaking area contains at least K users does not give a user K-anonymity protection. We propose to measure the anonymity degree of a cloaking area using entropy, which takes into account not only the number of the entities inside, but also their anonymity probability distribution. To find a cloaking area that can provide a given level of anonymity protection and is also as small as possible, we present a novel technique with a polynomial time complexity. The effectiveness of our techniques is studied under various conditions using location data synthetically generated using real road maps and traffic volume data. The results show that our techniques can indeed protect user anonymity at a desired level, and at the same time, minimize the size of each cloaking area, allowing users to receive high quality services.
Comparison of various holographic techniques for imaging through biological tissue (1994)

Five different holographic methods for imaging through biological tissue, as well as other highly scattering media, are described.
Improvement and application of an immunoassay for screening environmental samples for dioxin contamination (1988)

Abstract We previously had developed monoclonal antibodies for the immunoassay of polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins (PCDD) and polychlorinated dibenzofurans (PCDF), and have since refined the use of these antibodies for the detection of dioxins in a wide range of contaminated samples, with the aim of developing a screening assay for dioxin contamination. The levels of PCDD and PCDF contamination in 13 different samples, including fly ash, soil, technical-grade chemicals, motor oils, polychlorinated biphenyl transformer oil and still-bottom residues, were determined by immunoassay. The contamination ranged from less than 1 to several thousand ppb PCDD and PCDF. The levels of PCDD and PCDF contamination in some samples were determined by conventional GC-MS. The monoclonal antibodies used in this study detect many of the tri-, tetra- and pentachloro congeners of PCDD and PCDF, while the GC-MS data included information on total tetra- and pentachloro congeners of PCDD and PCDF, as well as levels of specifically regulated toxic congeners. There were good correlations between the results of the immunoassay and those of conventional GC-MS analysis, in spite of the differences in the exact congeners detected by the two techniques. There were no false-negative results. Moreover, the immunoassay required substantially less sample cleanup than did GC-MS, thus offering the promise of greatly reduced costs and time for screening samples. Only the soil matrix interfered with results; the cleanup methods for this matrix still need improvement.
Multiplex Nested PCR for Detection of<i>Xanthomonas axonopodis</i>pv. allii from Onion Seeds (2010)

Bacterial blight of onion (BBO) is an emerging disease that is present in many onion-producing areas. The causal agent, Xanthomonas axonopodis pv. allii, is seed transmitted. A reliable and sensitive diagnostic tool for testing seed health is needed. Detection of X. axonopodis pv. allii was achieved using a multiplex nested PCR assay developed using two randomly amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) and amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP) sequences corresponding to pilus assembly genes (pilW and pilX) and the avrRxv gene, respectively. The multiplex nested PCR was used with a large collection of X. axonopodis pv. allii strains pathogenic to onion and/or other Allium species isolated in different regions of the world. The internal primers used in the multiplex PCR assay directed amplification for all 86 X. axonopodis pv. allii strains tested, resulting in a 401-bp amplicon, a 444- to 447-bp amplicon, or both amplicons, depending on the strain. No amplification was obtained for 41 unrelated phytopathogenic bacteria and for 14 saprophytic bacteria commonly isolated from onion leaves and seeds. Most Xanthomonas strains also did not produce amplicons, except for nine strains classified in X. axonopodis genetic subgroup 9.1 or 9.2 and not pathogenic to onion. Nevertheless, sequence signatures distinguished most of these strains from X. axonopodis pv. allii. The assay detected X. axonopodis pv. allii in seed lots with contamination levels of 5 x 10(2) CFU g(-1) or higher. The sensitivity threshold of the multiplex nested PCR assay was found to be 1 infected seed in 27,340 seeds. This PCR-based assay should be useful for certifying that commercial seed lots are free of this important seed-borne pathogen.
Identification and Location for Phase-to-Ground Fault with Magnetic Sensing in Power Distribution Network: Principle and Practical Implementation (2019)

Power distribution cables are the core of a power distribution network in the power system. Phase-to-ground faults account for around 70% of all faults in a power distribution network, and thus their identification and location are essential for the reliability and efficiency of a power system. In this paper, a current-measurement technique with magnetic sensing and computational intelligence for a power distribution cable is proposed, which can reconstruct the fault current while retaining its DC offset. From the DC component, the phase-to-ground fault and faulty phase can be identified accordingly. The technique also enables the double-ended current method to locate the fault since current measurement can then be implemented with magnetic sensors at both ends of the cable at a much lower cost than using current transformers. The implementing procedure of this method is presented for guiding its application in practical scenarios. The technique is envisioned to enhance the situational awareness of the smart grid.
Load Balancing for Multi-tiered Database Systems through Autonomic Placement of Materialized Views (2006)

A materialized view or Materialized Query Table (MQT) is an auxiliary table with precomputed data that can be used to significantly improve the performance of a database query. AMaterialized Query Table Advisor (MQTA) is often used to recommend and create MQTs. The state-of-the-art MQTA works in a standalone database server where MQTs are placed on the same server as that in which the base tables are located. The MQTA does not apply to a federated or scaleout scenario in which MQTs need to be placed on other servers close to applications (i.e. a frontend database server) for offloading the workload on the backend database server. In this paper, we propose a Data Placement Advisor (DPA) and load balancing strategies for multi-tiered database systems. Built on top of the MQTA, DPA recommends MQTs and advises placement strategies for minimizing the response time for a query workload. To demonstrate the benefit of the data placement advising, we implemented a prototype of DPA that works with theMQTA in the IBM® DB2® Universal Database^TM (DB2 UDB) and the IBM WebSphere® Information Integrator (WebSphere II). The evaluation results showed substantial improvements of workload response times when MQTs are intelligently recommended and placed at a frontend database server subject to space and load characteristics for TPC-H and OLAP type workloads.
An Investigation of Anodes for Direct‐Oxidation of Carbon in Solid Oxide Fuel Cells (1995)

Several transition metal carbides were examined as anodes for the internal direct‐oxidation of carbon in solid oxide fuel cells. Observed values of open‐circuit voltage of carbide anode cells were found to be in the same order as the oxygen potentials calculated for the respective metal carbide/metal oxide equilibrium. All the carbide anodes investigated showed higher performance in polarization curves than graphite. The chemical stability of anodes under a polarized condition was estimated by thermochemical calculations. Based on this calculation and outlet gas analysis from the cells, a VC anode was able to activate carbon, while and anodes were not able to activate carbon due to the oxidation of carbides. The redox reaction of anodes plays an important role for activating carbon in carbide anode cells.
Induced Expression of Sarcotoxin IA Enhanced Host Resistance Against Both Bacterial and Fungal Pathogens in Transgenic Tobacco (2000)

We demonstrate here that induced expression of sarcotoxin IA, a bactericidal peptide from Sarcophaga peregrina, enhanced the resistance of transgenic tobacco plants to both bacterial and fungal pathogens. The peptide was produced with a modified PR1a promoter, which is further activated by salicylic acid treatment and necrotic lesion formation by pathogen infection. Host resistance to infection of bacteria Erwinia carotovora subsp. carotovora and Pseudomonas syringae pv. tabaci was shown to be dependent on the amounts of sarcotoxin IA expressed. Since we found antifungal activity of the peptide in vitro, transgenic seedlings were also inoculated with fungal pathogens Rhizoctonia solani and Pythium aphanidermatum. Transgenic plants expressing higher levels of sarcotoxin were able to withstand fungal infection and remained healthy even after 4 weeks, while control plants were dead by fungal infection after 2 weeks.
Drying Characteristics of High Density Hay Bales (2002)

Two experiments were conducted to observe the drying process of high-density largerectangular hay bales. In the first study, sections measuring 0.41 m x 0.41 m x 0.89 m were cut fromlarge big bales and tightly fit into drying columns equipped with thermocouples and pressuretransducers. Experiments carried out at various levels of bale density, air flow, air temperature andbaling moisture content showed the displacement of the drying front with time. In the second study,hay layers (0.34 m x 0.34 m x 0.050 m) were placed in ten superimposed trays and weighedregularly to observe the moisture loss versus time until equilibrium was reached. Results indicatedconditions that could lead to over-drying and reduced energy efficiency. The results are expected tobe useful in the design of an efficient drying system for large rectangular hay bales.
Two Amino Acid Mutations in the Capsid Protein of Type 2 Porcine Circovirus (PCV2) Enhanced PCV2 Replication In Vitro and Attenuated the Virus In Vivo (2004)

Porcine circovirus type 2 (PCV2) is the primary causative agent of postweaning multisystemic wasting syndrome (PMWS) in pigs. To identify potential genetic determinants for virulence and replication, we serially passaged a PCV2 isolate 120 times in PK-15 cells. The viruses harvested at virus passages 1 (VP1) and 120 (VP120) were biologically, genetically, and experimentally characterized. The PCV2 VP120 virus replicated in PK-15 cells to a titer similar to that of the PK-15 cell line-derived nonpathogenic PCV1 but replicated more efficiently than PCV2 VP1 with a difference of about 1 log unit in the titers. The complete genomic sequences of viruses at passages 0, 30, 60, 90, and 120 were determined. After 120 passages, only two nucleotide mutations were identified in the entire genome, and both were located in the capsid gene: the mutations were located at nucleotide positions 328 (C328G) and 573 (A573C). The C328G mutation, in which a proline at position 110 of the capsid protein changed to an alanine (P110A), occurred at passage 30 and remained in the subsequent passages. The second mutation, A573C, resulting in a change from an arginine to a serine at position 191 (R191S), appeared at passage 120. To experimentally characterize the VP120 virus, 31 specific-pathogen-free pigs were randomly divided into three groups. Ten pigs in group 1 received phosphate-buffered saline as negative controls. Each pig in group 2 (11 pigs) was inoculated intramuscularly and intranasally with 10(4.9) 50% tissue culture infective doses (TCID(50)) of PCV2 VP120. Each pig in group 3 (10 pigs) was similarly inoculated with 10(4.9) TCID(50) of PCV2 VP1. Viremia was detected in 9 of 10 pigs in the PCV2 VP1 group with a mean duration of 3 weeks, but in only 4 of 11 pigs in the PCV2 VP120 group with a mean duration of 1.6 weeks. The PCV2 genomic copy numbers in serum in the PCV2 VP1 group were significantly higher than those in the PCV2 VP120 group (P < 0.0001). Gross and histopathologic lesions in pigs inoculated with PCV2 VP1 were more severe than those inoculated with PCV2 VP120 at both day 21 and 42 necropsies (P = 0.0032 and P = 0.0274, respectively). Taken together, the results from this study indicated that the P110A and R191S mutations in the capsid of PCV2 enhanced the growth ability of PCV2 in vitro and attenuated the virus in vivo. This finding has important implications for PCV2 vaccine development.
Fabrication of Photoluminescent Quantum Dot Thiol–yne Nanocomposites via Thermal Curing or Photopolymerization (2018)

Strong, flexible, and transparent materials have garnered tremendous interest in recent years as materials and electronics manufacturers pursue devices that are bright, flexible, durable, tailorable, and lightweight. Depending on the starting components, polymers fabricated using thiol-yne chemistry have been shown to be exceptionally strong and/or flexible, while also being amenable to modification by the incorporation of nanoparticles. In the present work, novel ligands were synthesized and used to functionalize quantum dots (QDs) of various diameters. The functionalized QDs were then incorporated into thiol-yne prepolymer matrices. These matrices were subsequently polymerized to form QD thiol-yne nanocomposite polymers. To demonstrate the versatility of the fabrication process, the prepolymers were either thermally cured or photopolymerized. The resulting transparent nanocomposites expressed the size-specific color of the QDs within them when exposed to ultraviolet irradiation, demonstrating that QDs can be incorporated into thiol-yne polymers without significantly altering QD expression. With the inclusion of QDs, thiol-yne nanocomposite polymers are promising candidates for use in numerous applications including as device display materials, optical lens materials, and/or sensor materials.
Development of a Multiple Detection Technique for Fungi by DNA Microarray with the Simultaneous Use of Internal Transcribed Spacer Region of Ribosomal RNA Gene and β-Tubulin Gene Probes (2014)

We offer the first description of the development of a multiple detection technique for fungi by DNA microarray with the simultaneous use of internal transcribed spacer region (ITS) of ribosomal RNA gene and β-tubulin gene probes. The assay uses 12 oligonucleotide probes and multiplex amplification to detect fungal species belonging to various sections of Aspergillus, the Eurotium genus, and the Penicillium genus. The specificity of each probe was tested using 231 reference fungal strains, including 79 target and 152 non-target strains in 102 species of 24 genera. We determined the optimum concentration of the primer pairs for multiplex PCR to be 0.5 μM for the β-tubulin gene and 0.125 μM for the ITS region. In the field trial using 76 specimens containing 323 fungi (up to five fungal strains were included in one specimen), the concordance rate between the DNA microarray and the DNA sequencing results was 97.4％ at the species or genus levels.
Toward a Principled Framework to Design Dynamic Adaptive Streaming Algorithms over HTTP (2014)

Client-side bitrate adaptation algorithms play a critical role in delivering a good quality of experience for Internet video. Many studies have shown that current solutions perform suboptimally, and despite the proliferation of several proposals in this space, both from commercial providers and researchers, there is still a distinct lack of clarity and consensus w.r.t. several natural questions: (1) What objectives does/should such an algorithm optimize? (2) What environment signals such as buffer occupancy or throughput estimates should an algorithm use in its control loop? (3) How sensitive is an algorithm to operating conditions (e.g., bandwidth stability, buffer size, available bitrates)? This work attempts to bring clarity to this discussion by casting adaptive bitrate streaming as a model-based predictive control problem. We demonstrate the initial promise of shedding light on these questions using this control-theoretic abstraction.