gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
NU-Spidercam: A large-scale, cable-driven, integrated sensing and robotic system for advanced phenotyping, remote sensing, and agronomic research (2019)

Field-based high throughput plant phenotyping has recently gained increased interest in the efforts to bridge the genotyping and phenotyping gap and accelerate plant breeding for crop improvement. In this paper, we introduce a large-scale, integrated robotic cable-driven sensing system developed at University of Nebraska for field phenotyping research. It is constructed to collect data from a 0.4 ha field. The system has a sensor payload of 30 kg and offers the flexibility to integrate user defined sensing modules. Currently it integrates a four-band multispectral camera, a thermal infrared camera, a 3D scanning LiDAR, and a portable visible near-infrared spectrometer for plant measurements. Software is designed and developed for instrument control, task planning, and motion control, which enables precise and flexible phenotypic data collection at the plot level. The system also includes a variable-rate subsurface drip irrigation to control water application rates, and an automated weather station to log environmental variables. The system has been in operation for the 2017 and 2018 growing seasons. We demonstrate that the system is reliable and robust, and that fully automated data collection is feasible. Sensor and image data are of high quality in comparison to the ground truth measurements, and capture various aspects of plant traits such as height, ground cover and spectral reflectance. We present two novel datasets enabled by the system, including a plot-level thermal infrared image time-series during a day, and the signal of solar induced chlorophyll fluorescence from canopy reflectance. It is anticipated that the availability of this automated phenotyping system will benefit research in field phenotyping, remote sensing, agronomy, and related disciplines.
Reflectivity calculated for a three-dimensional silicon photonic band gap crystal with finite support (2017)

We study numerically the reflectivity of three-dimensional (3D) photonic crystals with a complete 3D photonic band gap. We employ the finite element method to study crystals with the cubic diamondlike inverse woodpile structure. The high-index backbone has a dielectric function similar to silicon. We study crystals with a range of thicknesses up to ten unit cells $(L\ensuremath{\le}10c)$. The crystals are surrounded by vacuum, and have a finite support as in experiments. The polarization-resolved reflectivity spectra reveal Fabry-P\'erot fringes related to standing waves in the finite crystal, as well as broad stop bands with nearly $100%$ reflectivity, even for thin crystals. The frequency ranges of the stop bands change little with angle of incidence, which is plausible since the stop bands are part of the 3D band gap. Moreover, this result supports the previous assertion that intense reflection peaks measured with a large numerical aperture provide a faithful signature of the 3D photonic band gap. For $p$-polarized waves, we observe an intriguing hybridization between the Fabry-P\'erot resonances and the Brewster angle that remains to be observed in experiments. From the strong reflectivity peaks, it is inferred that the maximum reflectivity observed in experiments is not limited by finite size. The frequency ranges of the stop bands agree very well with stop gaps in the photonic band structure that pertain to infinite and perfect crystals. The angle-dependent reflectivity spectra provide an improved interpretation of the reflectivity measurements performed with a certain numerical aperture and a new insight in the crystal structure, namely unequal pore radii in $X$ and $Z$ directions. The Bragg attenuation lengths ${L}_{B}$ are found to be smaller by a factor 6 to 9 than earlier estimates that are based on the width of the stop band. Hence, crystals with a thickness of 12 unit cells studied in experiments are in the thick crystal limit $(L\ensuremath{\gg}{L}_{B})$. Our reflectivity calculations suggest that the 3D silicon photonic band gap crystals are interesting candidates for back reflectors in a solar cell in order to enhance the photovoltaic efficiency.
Mussel-Inspired Immobilization of Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor (VEGF) for Enhanced Endothelialization of Vascular Grafts (2012)

Most polymeric vascular prosthetic materials have low patency rate for replacement of small diameter vessels (<5 mm), mainly due to failure to generate healthy endothelium. In this study, we present polydopamine-mediated immobilization of growth factors on the surface of polymeric materials as a versatile tool to modify surface characteristics of vascular grafts potentially for accelerated endothelialization. Polydopamine was deposited on the surface of biocompatible poly(L-lactide-co-ε-caprolactone) (PLCL) elastomer, on which vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) was subsequently immobilized by simple dipping. Surface characteristics and composition were investigated by using scanning electron microscopy, atomic force microscopy, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. Immobilization of VEGF on the polydopamine-deposited PLCL films was effective (19.8 ± 0.4 and 197.4 ± 19.7 ng/cm(2) for DPv20 and DPv200 films, respectively), and biotin-mediated labeling of immobilized VEGF revealed that the fluorescence intensity increased as a function of the concentration of VEGF solution. The effect of VEGF on adhesion of HUVECs was marginal, which may have been masked by polydopamine layer that also enhanced cell adhesion. However, VEGF-immobilized substrate significantly enhanced proliferation of HUVECs for over 7 days of in vitro culture and also improved their migration. In addition, immobilized VEGF supported robust cell to cell interactions with strong expression of CD 31 marker. The same process was effective for immobilization of basic fibroblast growth factor, demonstrating the robustness of polydopamine layer for secondary ligation of growth factors as a simple and novel surface modification strategy for vascular graft materials.
Effects of <i>N</i>-Substituents on the Solution Behavior of Poly(sulfobetaine methacrylate)s in Water: Upper and Lower Critical Solution Temperature Transitions (2020)

A series of zwitterionic poly(sulfobetaine methacrylate)s (PSBMAs) with various N-substituents, including n-alkyl, cyclohexyl, 2-hydroxyethyl, and phenyl, was synthesized in order to elucidate the effects of N-substituents on the solution behavior of the PSBMAs in water. When the lengths of two symmetric N-n-alkyl substituents were increased simultaneously, the PSBMAs exhibited an array of behavior in water, from upper critical solution temperature transitions (UCST) to soluble, lower critical solution temperature transitions (LCST), and insoluble, which presumably stemmed from the competition between the decrease in electrostatic zwitterionic interactions and the increase in the hydrophobic effect with increasing alkyl length. The replacement of N-n-hexyl with cyclohexyl while keeping the N-methyl substituent diminished the hydrophobic effect and made the LCST vanish. The introduction of a 2-hydroxyethyl or a phenyl N-substituent enhanced the attractive interactions between zwitterionic groups, resulting in UCST behavior. The insight gained from this work can facilitate the design of UCST- and LCST-type thermoresponsive zwitterionic PSBMAs by varying N-substituents and will open up more opportunities for potential applications of already widely used zwitterionic materials (e.g., thermoresponsive zwitterionic polymer brushes and nanogels for use in bioseparation and drug delivery).
Immediate memory for haptically-examined braille symbols by blind and sighted adults (1991)

International Journal of Rehabilitation Research: September 1991 - Volume 14 - Issue 3 - p 261-264
PDE4-regulated cAMP degradation controls the assembly of integrin-dependent actin adhesion structures and REF52 cell migration (2004)

Plating of REF52 cells onto extracellular matrix components leads to the formation of integrin-dependent actin adhesion microspikes. We show that the formation of these structures is sensitive to chemical agents that regulate cAMP levels, such as forskolin and IBMX. In particular, by using the specific inhibitor rolipram, we identify the PDE4 family of cAMP-specific phosphodiesterases as critical regulators of this process. The effect of PDE4 on microspike formation is mediated by actions exerted through the activation of PKA - rather than through the alternative cAMP effector, Epac. We provide evidence that peripheral microspikes are RhoA-, ROCK- and myosin-dependent, and that this pathway is suppressed by PDE4 inhibition. In addition, PDE4 inhibition impairs cell locomotion that requires dynamic protrusion and retraction of peripheral spike structures. Our data demonstrate that PDE4 activity is a key modulator of integrin-induced actin assembly at the cell periphery which, in turn, controls cell migration.
Gate-tunable bandgap in bilayer graphene (2010)

The tight-binding model of bilayer graphene is used to find the gap between the conduction and valence bands as a function of both the gate voltage and the doping level by donors or acceptors. The total Hartree energy is minimized and an equation for the gap is obtained. This equation for the ratio of the gap to the chemical potential is determined only by the screening constant. Therefore, the gap is strictly proportional to the gate voltage or the carrier concentration in the absence of donors or acceptors. But in the case where the donors or acceptors are present, the gap demonstrates an asymmetric behavior on the electron and hole sides of the gate bias. A comparison with experimental data obtained by Kuzmenko et al. demonstrates a good agreement.
Crystal dissolution-controlled release systems. II. Metronidazole release from semicrystalline poly(vinyl alcohol) systems (1997)

Novel semicrystalline, poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA)-based phase erosion systems were developed. The rate of drug release from these systems is controlled by the rate of crystal dissolution. PVA devices loaded with metronidazole were exposed to temperatures ranging from 90 to 120 C for times of 10-90 min to obtain samples with different degrees of crystallinity. Degrees of crystallinity were measured by differential scanning calorimetry and attenuated total reflectance Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. In vitro release of metronidazole from such systems into deionized water at 37 degrees C was monitored. The influence of parameters such as polymer molecular weight, annealing time and temperature, and surface pretreatment on the crystal dissolution, and hence the drug release rate, were investigated. Measurements of water-front movements were carried out to study the effect of parameters such as drug solubility on the release rate. The drug release rate was found to be dependent on the crystallization conditions of the samples. Surface pretreatment was found to reduce the burst effect observed during the release.
Esophageal capnometry during hemorrhagic shock and after resuscitation in rats (2002)

Esophageal-arterial PCO2 gap increases during graded hemorrhagic hypotension and returns to baseline value after resuscitation without complete reversal of the base deficit. These data suggest that esophageal capnometry could be used as an alternative for gastric tonometry during management of hypovolemic shock.
단군신화의 백일(百日) 중 三七日(21일)과 79일에 담긴 배움과 평생학습의 의미 (2011)

이 연구는 단군신화(檀君神話)의 백일(百日)을 통해 인간의 배움과 평생학습의 의미를 고찰하여 다음과 같은 결론을 얻었다. 첫째, 단군신화의 백일 중 三七日(21일)은 우리 인간의 원초적 본능인 배움의 원형이 살아 있음을 보여준다. 이는 三七日(21일) 안에 우리 민족 고유의 교육 원형인 배움의 의미가 함장(含藏)되어 있으며, 모든 인간에게 배움력이 본능으로...
Unconventional oral health care practices- are they beneficial? - A review (2019)

Dentistry is a science-based, highly structured health care profession that serves progressively sophisticated and demanding patients. Today, traditional dental practice is dealing with wide ranging challenges generally termed “alternative” (or complementary, unconventional or integrative) systems. Alternative medicine is a mode of non- traditional medicinal therapy which comprises of allopathic treatment and practices by medical/dental practitioners and other professionals in the health sector as opposed to conventional procedures.These systems comprise homeopathy, naturopathy, Traditional Indian and Chinese medicine systems etc. According to classification of unconventional dental practices, the alternative dental system includes theory and practices developed apart from the conventional modern western approach such as Acupuncture and oriental medicine, Traditional indigenous systems, Unconventional system procedures like holistic/biological dentistry, homeopathy for oral/dental conditions and Naturopathy, a diverse collection of natural systems and therapies.This article was aimed to frame a conceptual analysis of unconventional practices in dentistry based on the available literatures in our discipline. This review outline provides salient findings of various alternate dental systems for general/dental practitioners, researchers and patients. It should be noted that supporters of unproven oral and dental products should be encouraged to conduct controlled studies with adequate design to prove safety and efficacy. With such studies, dentists can provide information to patients and guide them in the selection of safe and effective products.
Hydrogen-Free Plasma-Enhanced Chemical Vapor Deposition of Silicon Dioxide Using Tetra-isocyanate-silane (Si(NCO)<sub> 4</sub>) (1995)

Deposition of silicon dioxide by plasma-enhanced chemical vapor deposition (PECVD) technique using tetra-isocyanate-silane (Si(NCO) 4 : TICS) and oxygen for interlayer dielectric film application is proposed. Film properties strongly depend on the gas composition. The film which was deposited under an oxygen-rich condition was water-free after deposition. The film density, refractive index, resistivity, and dielectric constant were 2.3 g/cm 3 , 1.46, 5×10 14 Ω·cm, and 3.6, respectively. The etch rate by buffered HF was 330 nm/min.
Replacement of the Bizelesin Ureadiyl Linkage by a Guanidinium Moiety Retards Translocation from Monoalkylation to Cross-Linking Sites on DNA (1997)

In this contribution we demonstrate that Bizelesin can translocate along the minor groove of DNA from a kinetically favored monoalkylation site to a thermodynamically favored cross-linking site. This translocation is prevented in compounds that have a charged guanidino linkage substituting for the ureadiyl linkage. Furthermore, the manipulative interplay of Bizelesin and the target sequence 5‘-TAATTA (Seaman, F. C.; Chu, J.; Hurley, L. H. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1996, 118, 5383−5395) that is required to produce a suitably rearranged product for cross-linking is prevented by the substitution of a guanidino for the ureadiyl linkage. A structural basis involving hydrogen bonding of the guanidino linkage with phosphates on the backbone of DNA is proposed to account for the absence of translocation, the slow conversion of monoalkylated to cross-linked species, and the non-rearranged cross-linked product.
Silybin-Induced Apoptosis Occurs in Parallel to the Increase of Ceramides Synthesis and miRNAs Secretion in Human Hepatocarcinoma Cells (2019)

Silybin is a flavonolignan extracted from <i>Silybum marianum</i> (milk thistle) with hepatoprotective, antioxidant, and anti-inflammatory activity. Several studies have shown that silybin is highly effective to prevent and treat different types of cancer and that its antitumor mechanisms involve the arrest of the cell cycle and/or apoptosis. An MTT assay was performed to study cell viability, lipid peroxidation, extracellular NO production, and scavenger enzyme activity were studied by Thiobarbituric Acid-Reactive Species (TBARS) assay, NO assay, and MnSOD assay, respectively. Cell cycle and apoptosis analysis were performed by FACS. miRNA profiling were evaluated by real time PCR. In this study, we demonstrated that Silybin induced growth inhibition blocking the Hepg2 cells in G1 phase of cell cycle and activating the process of programmed cell death. Moreover, the antiproliferative effects of silybin were paralleled by a strong increase of the number of ceramides involved in the modulation of miRNA secretion. In particular, after treatment with silybin, miR223-3p and miR16-5p were upregulated, while miR-92-3p was downregulated (<i>p</i> < 0.05). In conclusion, our results suggest that silybin-Induced apoptosis occurs in parallel to the increase of ceramides synthesis and miRNAs secretion in HepG2 cells.
Hot Electron Induced Cathodic Electrochemiluminescence at Disposable Screen Printed Carbon Electrodes (2010)

Abstract Hot electron induced cathodic electrochemiluminescence (ECL) was observed at screen printed carbon electrodes (SPCEs) during pulse polarization. The thin insulating film resulted from the printing inks was found to be suitable for generating hot electrons, which can further be converted to hydrated electrons and induce the subsequent luminescence. Compared with disposable Al/Al 2 O 3 electrode, SPCEs show more stable and reproducible ECL in a wider pH range without background emission. A sensitive ECL method for determination of quercetin is proposed. The detection limit is 8.0×10 −10 mol L −1 ( S / N =3), which is two magnitudes lower than that of common ECL method.
Structural Dissection and <i>In Vivo</i> Effectiveness of a Peptide Inhibitor of <i>Porphyromonas gingivalis</i> Adherence to <i>Streptococcus gordonii</i> (2010)

The interaction of the minor fimbrial antigen (Mfa) with streptococcal antigen I/II (e.g., SspB) facilitates colonization of the dental biofilm by Porphyromonas gingivalis. We previously showed that a 27-mer peptide derived from SspB (designated BAR) resembles the nuclear receptor (NR) box protein-protein interacting domain and potently inhibits this interaction in vitro. Here, we show that the EXXP motif upstream of the NR core α-helix contributes to the Mfa-SspB interaction and that BAR reduces P. gingivalis colonization and alveolar bone loss in vivo in a murine model of periodontitis. Substitution of Gln for Pro(1171) or Glu(1168) increased the α-helicity of BAR and reduced its inhibitory activity in vitro by 10-fold and 2-fold, respectively. To determine if BAR prevents P. gingivalis infection in vivo, mice were first infected with Streptococcus gordonii and then challenged with P. gingivalis in the absence and presence of BAR. Animals that were infected with either 10(9) CFU of S. gordonii DL-1 or 10(7) CFU of P. gingivalis 33277 did not show a statistically significant increase in alveolar bone resorption over sham-infected controls. However, infection with 10(9) CFU of S. gordonii followed by 10(7) CFU of P. gingivalis induced significantly greater bone loss (P < 0.01) than sham infection or infection of mice with either organism alone. S. gordonii-infected mice that were subsequently challenged with 10(7) CFU of P. gingivalis in the presence of BAR exhibited levels of bone resorption similar to those of sham-infected animals. Together, these results indicate that both EXXP and the NR box are important for the Mfa-SspB interaction and that BAR peptide represents a potential therapeutic that may limit colonization of the oral cavity by P. gingivalis.
Cavity piezomechanical strong coupling and frequency conversion on an aluminum nitride chip (2016)

Schemes to achieve strong coupling between mechanical modes of aluminum nitride microstructures and microwave cavity modes due to the piezoelectric effect are proposed. We show that the strong-coupling regime is feasible for an on-chip aluminum nitride device that is either enclosed by a three-dimensional microwave cavity or integrated with a superconducting coplanar resonator. Combining with optomechanics, the piezomechanical strong coupling permits coherent conversion between microwave and optical modes with high efficiency. Hence, the piezomechanical system will be an efficient transducer for applications in hybrid quantum systems.
Carbon resistor gauges for measuring shock and detonation pressures. I. Principles of functioning and calibration (1991)

Abstract The state of the art relative to the measurement of shock and detonation pressures of the magnitude generaled by condensed high explosives is reviewed. Carbon resistors have been shown to provide a relatively inexpensive and direct method for such measurements, provided adequate calibration data are available. The gauge is fabricated by heat‐sealing the carbon resistor (470 Ω, 0.125 W) into a suitable plastic material such as polystyrene; when subjected to a strong shock wave, the gauge undergoes compression and the conductivity increases in proprtion to the magnitude of the pressure. The present investigation was concerned with the experimental derivation of calibration equations relating the pressure (in gigapascal) as a function of the conductivity change ΔG (in siemens). The point of inflaction occurring at approximately 2.36 GPa, corresponding to 0.02082 S, is in agreement with previous observations in the literature. Additional experiments are being planned to resolve a problem concerning oscillatory ringing in the gauge voltage records.
Application of stress sensing test chips to area array packaging (2009)

Thermal cycling accelerated life testing is often used to qualify area array packages (e.g. Ball Grid Arrays and Flip Chip) for various applications. Finite element life predictions for thermal cycling configurations are challenging due to the complicated temperature/time dependent constitutive relations and failure criteria needed for solders and encapsulants and their interfaces, aging/evolving material behavior (e.g. solders), difficulties in modeling plating finishes, the complicated geometries of typical electronic assemblies, etc. In addition, in-situ measurements of stresses and strains in assemblies subjected to temperature cycling is difficult because of the extreme environmental conditions and the fact that the primary materials/interfaces of interest (e.g. solder joints, die device surface, wire bonds, etc.) are embedded within the assembly (not at the surface). For these reasons, we really know quite little about the evolution of the stresses, strains, and deformations occurring within sophisticated electronic packaging geometries during thermal cycling. In our research, we are using test chips containing piezoresistive stress sensors to continuously characterize the in-situ die surface stress during long-term thermal cycling of several different area array packaging technologies including plastic ball grid array (PBGA) components, ceramic ball grid array (CBGA) components, and flip chip on laminate assemblies. The utilized (111) silicon test chips are able to measure the complete three-dimensional stress state (all 6 stress components) at each sensor site being monitored by the data acquisition hardware. The die stresses are initially measured at room temperature after packaging. The assemblies are then subjected to thermal cycling over various temperature ranges including 0 to 100?C, -40 to 125?C, and -55 to 125?C, for up to 3000 thermal cycles. During the thermal cycling, sensor resistances at critical locations on the die device surface (e.g. the die center and die corners) are recorded. From the resistance data, the stresses at each site can be calculated and plotted versus time. The experimental observations show significant cycle-to-cycle evolution in the stress magnitudes due to material aging effects, stress relaxation and creep phenomena, and development of interfacial damage. The observed stress variations as a function of thermal cycling duration are also being correlated with the observed delaminations at the die surface (as measured using scanning acoustic microscopy (C-SAM)) and finite element simulations that include material constitutive models that incorporate thermal aging effects.
Interaction between lamivudine (3TC) and other nucleoside analogues for intracellular phosphorylation (1996)

Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, University of Liverpool, PO Box 147, Liverpool L69 3BX, UK