gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Scaling Hierarchical Coreference with Homomorphic Compression (2019)

Locality sensitive hashing schemes such as \simhash provide compact representations of multisets from which similarity can be estimated. However, in certain applications, we need to estimate the similarity of dynamically changing sets. In this case, we need the representation to be a homomorphism so that the hash of unions and differences of sets can be computed directly from the hashes of operands. We propose two representations that have this property for cosine similarity (an extension of \simhash and angle-preserving random projections), and make substantial progress on a third representation for Jaccard similarity (an extension of \minhash). We employ these hashes to compress the sufficient statistics of a conditional random field (CRF) coreference model and study how this compression affects our ability to compute similarities as entities are split and merged during inference. \cut{We study these hashes in a conditional random field (CRF) hierarchical coreference model in order to compute the similarity of entities as they are merged and split during inference.} We also provide novel statistical analysis of \simhash to help justify it as an estimator inside a CRF, showing that the bias and variance reduce quickly with the number of bits. On a problem of author coreference, we find that our \simhash scheme allows scaling the hierarchical coreference algorithm by an order of magnitude without degrading its statistical performance or the model's coreference accuracy, as long as we employ at least 128 or 256 bits. Angle-preserving random projections further improve the coreference quality, potentially allowing even fewer dimensions to be used.
Improved magnetic resonance imaging detection of prostate cancer in a transgenic mouse model. (2002)

Transgenic mouse models of prostate cancer provide an opportunity to conduct genetic tests of the molecular mechanisms underlying initiation and progression of tumorigenesis. They also allow assessment of the effects of various pharmacological interventions. However, one limitation that has impeded full exploitation of these models is the lack of in vivo imaging procedures of sufficient sensitivity and resolution to detect and follow tumors at early stages of growth. We have addressed this problem through the use of diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging (DWI). A transgenic mouse model (CR2-TAg) of prostate cancer was used to show that DWI can detect tumors <1 mm in diameter. Markedly enhanced DWI contrast results from a 2-fold difference in apparent diffusion coefficient between benign and malignant prostatic tissue (P < 0.00001). Clinical application of DWI may offer advantages over current T2-weighted magnetic resonance imaging methods.
High-Yield Single-Walled Carbon Nanotubes Synthesized on the Small-Pore (C10) Co-MCM-41 Catalyst (2008)

High-quality single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWNT) with high yield were produced by using small-pore Co-MCM-41 catalyst, templated by a C10 surfactant and containing 3 wt % Co. A complete incorporation of Co ions in the silica matrix without formation of surface Co oxides and the contact time of the reaction, in the catalyst synthesis and the SWNT production, respectively, were the most critical factors to be considered. By controlling the reduction temperature and contact time in the reaction, the carbon yield could reach 34 wt % or higher with a selectivity of 96 wt % to SWNT. The metal content after purification of SWNT by base−acid treatments was 0.7 wt %, and the surface area was as high as 1800 m2/g. The metal surface occlusion effect by amorphous silica might play a key role in the stabilization of the completely reduced Co metallic clusters in the SWNT synthesis procedure, using small-pore C10 Co-MCM-41.
Truncated G protein-coupled mu opioid receptor MOR-1 splice variants are targets for highly potent opioid analgesics lacking side effects (2011)

Pain remains a pervasive problem throughout medicine, transcending all specialty boundaries. Despite the extraordinary insights into pain and its mechanisms over the past few decades, few advances have been made with analgesics. Most pain remains treated by opiates, which have significant side effects that limit their utility. We now describe a potent opiate analgesic lacking the traditional side effects associated with classical opiates, including respiratory depression, significant constipation, physical dependence, and, perhaps most important, reinforcing behavior, demonstrating that it is possible to dissociate side effects from analgesia. Evidence indicates that this agent acts through a truncated, six-transmembrane variant of the G protein-coupled mu opioid receptor MOR-1. Although truncated splice variants have been reported for a number of G protein-coupled receptors, their functional relevance has been unclear. Our evidence now suggests that truncated variants can be physiologically important through heterodimerization, even when inactive alone, and can comprise new therapeutic targets, as illustrated by our unique opioid analgesics with a vastly improved pharmacological profile.
Adiabatic polarization splitter on silicon and its application to polarization diversity detection (1990)

Polarization diversity receivers are required for coherent optical communication along conventional optical fibers which do not preserve polarization.1 These receivers have already been built with bulk optic components.2,3 We report what we believe to be the first integrated optic version of such a receiver. The device is shown schematically in Fig. 1. It consists of two input waveguides, one a 3-dB directional coupler, two adiabatic polarization splitters, and four output waveguides.
Optics of Ferroelectric Whispering Gallery Mode Resonators (2005)

We study the nonlinear χ(2) processes and photorefraction with low-power infrared light using high quality factor (Q of the order of 108) and small mode volume of our segnetoelectric whispering gallery mode resonators.
Variable refractive index elastomeric polymers (2004)

Films comprised of alternating elastomeric and glassy polymer layers with a layer thickness less than one-quarter wavelength of light exhibit a useful pressure dependent refractive index.
A Public-Private Partnership Develops and Externally Validates a 30-Day Hospital Readmission Risk Prediction Model (2013)

The ACC Admission and Discharge Models embody the design qualities of ideal prediction models. The ACC plans to continue its partnership to further improve and develop valuable clinical models.
Model enhancement and personalization using weakly supervised learning for multi-modal mobile sensing (2019)

Always-on sensing of mobile device user's contextual information is critical to many intelligent use cases nowadays such as healthcare, drive assistance, voice UI. State-of-the-art approaches for predicting user context have proved the value to leverage multiple sensing modalities for better accuracy. However, those context inference algorithms that run on application processor nowadays tend to drain heavy amount of power, making them not suitable for an always-on implementation. We claim that not every sensing modality is suitable to be activated all the time and it remains challenging to build an inference engine using power friendly sensing modalities. Meanwhile, due to the diverse population, we find it challenging to learn a context inference model that generalizes well, with limited training data, especially when only using always-on low power sensors. In this work, we propose an approach to leverage the opportunistically-on counterparts in device to improve the always-on prediction model, leading to a personalized solution. We model this problem using a weakly supervised learning framework and provide both theoretical and experimental results to validate our design. The proposed framework achieves satisfying result in the IMU based activity recognition application we considered.
Word-voter: a new voter design for triple modular redundant systems (2002)

Redundancy techniques are commonly used to design dependable systems to ensure high reliability, availability and data integrity. Triple Modular Redundancy (TMR) is a widely used redundancy technique that masks faults. In a TMR system, we have three implementations of the same logic function and their outputs are voted using a voter circuit. In this paper, we present a new voter design called the Word-Voter that has some distinct advantages over the bit-by-bit voting schemes used in conventional TMR systems. This paper demonstrates the usefulness of the word-voter design in increasing the data integrity (reducing the probability of corrupt outputs) of TMR systems. The area and delay overhead of the word-voter design is compared to that of the bit-by-bit voter. An efficient design of a TMR-Simplex system using the word-voter is also presented.
Comparison of lipid fatty acids on a concentration basis vs weight percentage basis in patients with and without coronary artery disease or diabetes (1993)

Lipid fatty acid compositions are almost always expressed on a weight percentage basis rather than as weight or molar concentrations. With the former method of calculation, each fatty acid has an effect on the composition of the other fatty acids, an interdependence that can potentially lead to inaccurate and misleading results. Here we compare the concentrations per liter and the weight percentage compositions of cholesteryl ester and phospholipid fatty acids in individuals with and without coronary artery disease as well as free fatty acid compositions in individuals with and without diabetes. A new method for quantifying lipid fatty acids is also presented. Fatty acid results expressed as concentrations and those calculated on a weight percentage basis may lead to different conclusions, because significant differences between patient groups can be lost with the latter approach. We conclude that serum concentrations of lipid fatty acids are more accurate reflections of changes in lipid fatty acids than are weight percentage calculations, and are more easily interpreted in metabolic and therapeutic terms.
Preparation of Mullite Cordierite Composite Powders by the Sol‐Gel Method: Its Characteristics and Sintering (1990)

Mullite/cordierite composite powders containing different proportions of cordierite were prepared by the sol‐gel method using boehmite, colloidal silica, and Mg(NO 3 ) 2 ·6H 2 O. Mullite and cordierite sols were prepared separately and mixed to form the composite sol. Mullitization temperature depends on the cordierite content in the composite. Also, α‐cordierite crystallizes at a lower temperature in a mullite‐rich (MC20) composite. The XRD patterns of the powders calcined at 1450°C for 12 h showed that mullite and cordierite exist as two different phases, and no additional phases were observed. The IR absorbance spectra of composites showed characteristic peak corresponding to both mullite and cordierite. The sintered density of the powders increases with temperature up to 1450°C and decreases beyound the melting point of cordierite (1455°C). The microstructure of MC30 sintered at 1440°C for 3 h consisted of acicular grains, whereas in MC40 and MC50 equiaxed grain morphology was observed under similar sintering conditions. The flexural strength and Vickers hardness decreases with the increase of cordierite content in the composite. Dielectric constant and thermal expansion showed a similar behavior.
Development and organization of human stratum corneum after birth: electron microscopy isotropy score and immunocytochemical corneocyte labelling as epidermal maturation's markers in infancy (2014)

Our study is the first attempt at semiquantitative evaluation of the micromorphology maturation of the epidermal surface at the ultrastructural level. The E.M.I. score and the associated pattern of corneodesmosome breakdown may be used as markers of the stratum corneum maturation.
Commercial Synthesis 1,3-Bis(Dialkylphosphino)Propanes (1993)

Abstract This paper reports a simple two step process by which a large variety of 1,3-bis(dialkylphosphino)propanes can be prepared on an industrial scale. The first stage is the preparation of an allyldialkylphosphine which is then followed by free radical addition of a dialkylphosphine to the allyl functional group to yield the subject compound
Design, Synthesis and Characterization of New Embelin Derivatives as Potent Inhibitors of X‐Linked Inhibitor of Apoptosis Protein. (2007)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Hierarchical guidewire tracking in fluoroscopic sequences (2009)

In this paper, we present a novel hierarchical framework of guidewire tracking for image-guided interventions. Our method can automatically and robustly track a guidewire in fluoroscopy sequences during interventional procedures. The method consists of three main components: learning based guidewire segment detection, robust and fast rigid tracking, and nonrigid guidewire tracking. Each component aims to handle guidewire motion at a specific level. The learning based segment detection identifies small segments of a guidewire at the level of individual frames, and provides unique primitive features for subsequent tracking. Based on identified guidewire segments, the rigid tracking method robustly tracks the guidewire across successive frames, assuming that a major motion of guidewire is rigid, mainly caused by the breathing motion and table movement. Finally, a non-rigid tracking algorithm is applied to finely deform the guidewire to provide accurate shape. The presented guidewire tracking method has been evaluated on a test set of 47 sequences with more than 1000 frames. Quantitative evaluation demonstrates that the mean tracking error on the guidewire body is less than 2 pixels. Therefore the presented guidewire tracking method has a great potential for applications in image guided interventions.
CXCL4 and CXCL10 Predict Risk of Fatal Cerebral Malaria (2011)

Plasmodium falciparum in a subset of patients can lead to a diffuse encephalopathy known as cerebral malaria (CM). Despite treatment, mortality caused by CM can be as high as 30% while 10% of survivors of the disease may experience short- and long-term neurological complications. The pathogenesis of CM involves alterations in cytokine and chemokine expression, local inflammation, vascular injury and repair processes. These diverse factors have limited the rate of discovery of prognostic predictors of fatal CM. Identification of reliable early predictors of CM severity will enable clinicians to adjust this risk with appropriate management of CM. Recent studies revealed that elevated levels of CXCL10 expression in cerebrospinal fluid and peripheral blood plasma independently predicted severe and fatal CM. CXCR3, a promiscuous receptor of CXCL10, plays an important role in pathogenesis of mouse model of CM. In this study the role of corresponding CXCR3 ligands (CXCL11, CXCL10, CXCL9 & CXCL4) in fatal or severe CM was evaluated by comparing their levels in 16 healthy control (HC), 26 mild malaria (MM), 26 cerebral malaria survivors (CMS) and 12 non-survivors (CMNS) using enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Levels of CXCL4 and CXCL10 were significantly elevated in CMNS patients ( p < 0.05) when compared with HC, MM and CMS. Elevated plasma levels of CXCL10 and CXCL4 were tightly associated with CM mortality. Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) curve analysis revealed that CXCL4 and CXCL10 can discriminate CMNS from MM ( p < 0.0001) and CMS ( p < 0.0001) with an area under the curve (AUC) = 1. These results suggest that CXCL4 and CXCL10 play a prominent role in pathogenesis of CM associated death and may be used as functional or surrogate biomarkers for predicting CM severity.
2153 (2017)

OBJECTIVES/SPECIFIC AIMS: The long-term goal of this project is to develop a cost effective 3D printed multipurpose intravaginal ring (IVR) to prevent against unintended pregnancies and infectious diseases.Our goal is to develop a female-controlled method for prevention using innovative IVRs. METHODS/STUDY POPULATION: In vitro and in vivo characterization. RESULTS/ANTICIPATED RESULTS: Controlled and fine-tuned release kinetics 100% drug release from 3D printed IVRs compared with 10%–15% with traditional injection molded IVRs cost-effective engineering of multipurpose IVR with CLIP 3D printing technology. DISCUSSION/SIGNIFICANCE OF IMPACT: If successful, this project will revolutionize the engineering of IVRs and will have a global impact on human health. Not only we will help save millions of women around the world but also millions of children that are infected by their HIV-positive mothers through gestation or breast feeding.
<i>Digital Signal Processor</i>: Speech Synthesis (1981)

This paper describes a device that is capable of synthesizing speech in real time and is based on the digital signal processor chip. The device performs a function of a twelfth-order linear prediction coding synthesizer, and as such represents a linear dynamic system approximation of the vocal tract. In this model, short time segments of the speech waveform are derived as output of a system driven by a pseudo-periodic impulse sequence for voiced sounds, or by white noise for unvoiced sounds. The time-varying nature of the system is derived from the input information presented to the device for every new pitch period. Interfacing of the device to standard microprocessors is easy, so that the synthesizer can conveniently be integrated into larger systems.
Visio-spatial road boundary detection for unmarked urban and rural roads (2014)

The robust detection of road boundaries is a prerequisite for Advanced Driver Assistant Systems (ADAS), such as Lane Departure Warning and Lane Keeping Assistant Systems. State-of-the-art ADAS rely on lane markings to draw inference about the extent of lanes or the road area. However, on many rural or urban roads markings are worn out or simply not existing. Therefore, this publication proposes a system for vision-based road boundary detection without requiring road markings at the outer side of the road. The fundamental approach is a boundary vicinity classification based on SPatial RAY (SPRAY) features which combines visual and spatial context information going beyond classical image patch analysis. More specifically, the inner road boundary vicinity (IBV), the outer road boundary vicinity (OBV), and the remaining part of the road area (RA) are detected. Because these classes occur in a defined sequence, i.e., a road boundary exhibits a transition from RA to IBV to OBV, this approach extracts the horizontal boundary transition pattern to make inference about possible locations of road boundaries and their direction (left or right road side). The implemented system was evaluated on unmarked urban and rural roads. The results show that the system effectively detects road boundaries such as curbstones and soft shoulders under challenging conditions.
Hybrid Covalent/Ionic Self-Assembly of Organic Second Order Nonlinear Optical Films (2002)

Ionically self-assembled monolayer (ISAM) films have been shown to spontaneously produce noncentrosymmetric ordering that gives rise to a substantial second order nonlinear optical (NLO) response. Previously, the ISAM films for NLO response consisted of bilayers of oppositely charged polymers whose thickness can be controlled through variation of pH and ionic strength of the immersion solutions. Here, we present an approach that replaces the NLO-active polymer layers with layers of monomeric chromophores containing ionic and covalent bonding sites. We have examined the effect of the pH of the immersion solutions on the orientation the of monomeric chromophores and demonstrated bulk polar ordering with χ(2) values six times larger than quartz.
Infrared Mueller matrix acquisition and preprocessing system (2008)

An analog Mueller matrix acquisition and preprocessing system (AMMS) was developed for a photopolarimetric-based sensor with 9.1-12.0 microm optical bandwidth, which is the middle infrared wavelength-tunable region of sensor transmitter and "fingerprint" spectral band for chemical-biological (analyte) standoff detection. AMMS facilitates delivery of two alternate polarization-modulated CO(2) laser beams onto subject analyte that excite/relax molecular vibrational resonance in its analytic mass, primes the photoelastic-modulation engine of the sensor, establishes optimum throughput radiance per backscattering cross section, acquires Mueller elements modulo two laser beams in hexadecimal format, preprocesses (normalize, subtract, filter) these data, and formats the results into digitized identification metrics. Feed forwarding of formatted Mueller matrix metrics through an optimally trained and validated neural network provides pattern recognition and type classification of interrogated analyte.
A new architecture for low cost Power Hardware in the Loop testing of power electronics equipments (2008)

The paper presents a critical analysis of the current status in the field of power hardware in the loop testing. The authors first summarize their experience in the development of a platform for an industrial application. Starting from the results obtained in this previous project, the authors then illustrate the path towards a more standardized and user-friendly platform. The new platform architecture presented in this paper is supposed to achieve significant improvement both in the bandwidth of the hardware/software interface and in the quality of the user interface.
Design of the Pacific DC Intertie Wide Area Damping Controller (2019)

This paper describes the design and implementation of a proof-of-concept Pacific dc Intertie (PDCI) wide area damping controller and includes system test results on the North American Western Interconnection (WI). To damp inter-area oscillations, the controller modulates the power transfer of the PDCI, a ±500 kV dc transmission line in the WI. The control system utilizes real-time phasor measurement unit (PMU) feedback to construct a commanded power signal which is added to the scheduled power flow for the PDCI. After years of design, simulations, and development, this controller has been implemented in hardware and successfully tested in both open and closed-loop operation. The most important design specifications were safe, reliable performance, no degradation of any system modes in any circumstances, and improve damping to the controllable modes in the WI. The main finding is that the controller adds significant damping to the modes of the WI and does not adversely affect the system response in any of the test cases. The primary contribution of this paper, to the state of the art research, is the design methods and test results of the first North American real-time control system that uses wide area PMU feedback.
Personalized ESA doses for anemia management in hemodialysis patients with end‐stage renal disease (2018)

Abstract End‐stage renal disease (ESRD) patients receiving hemodialysis are typically anemic due to a lack of erythropoietin (EPO), a hormone required for red blood cell (RBC) production. EPO replacement therapy is complex, often resulting in oscillating hemoglobin (Hb) levels. EPO dosing protocols do not account for endogenous delays and appear to contribute to, if not cause, Hb variability. The Mayo Clinic Anemia Management System (MCAMS) is based on a physiological simulation of the production and lifespan of RBCs, driven by EPO dosage schedules. Patient‐specific parameters were found such that simulated Hb levels matched historical Hb levels in response to historical EPO doses. The calibrated model was used to identify new dosing regimens that stabilize Hb. MCAMS has been used to recommend individualized EPO dosage regimens to maintain stable Hb levels within a desired target range for more than 600 patients, improving patient outcomes while reducing medication costs by about 40 percent. © 2018 System Dynamics Society