gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Prostate-specific Membrane Antigen Based Antibody-drug Conjugates for Metastatic Castration-resistance Prostate Cancer (2020)

Cancer cells can be selectively targeted by identifying and developing antibodies to specific antigens present on the cancer cell surface. Cytotoxic agents can be conjugated to these antibodies that bind to these cell surface antigens in order to significantly increase the therapeutic index of whichever cytotoxic agent is utilized. This approach of conjugating the cytotoxic drugs to antibodies to target specific surface antigens enhances the anti-tumor activity of antibodies and improves the tumor-to-normal tissue selectivity of chemotherapy. Critical parameters in the development of these antibody-drug conjugates include: 1) selection of most appropriate antigen, 2) the ability of an antibody to be internalized after binding to the antigen, 3) cytotoxic drug potency and 4) stability of the antibody-drug conjugate. For prostate cancer, prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA, also known as folate hydrolase-1) is the most validated theragnostic target to date. PSMA is overexpressed on the prostate cancer cell surface, which makes it an even better target for selective drug delivery through conjugated antibodies. Here, we review the PSMA-based antibody-drug conjugates for metastatic castration-resistance prostate cancer (mCRPC).
Growing up after the GFC: responsibilisation and mortgaged futures (2019)

In this paper I argue that in the aftermath of the Global Financial Crisis of 2008–2009 young people, certain populations of young people in particular, are being made to bear a heavy burden, carry significant responsibilities for re-imagining their lives as a enterprise – an enterprise in which an investment in education and training and work increasingly looks like a mortgaging of an uncertain future. In mortgaging their future, many young people are confounded by the possibility of repaying this debt, or of leveraging it into a life that was promised them if only they stayed in education and training, if only they got a job, if only they studied and worked hard, and had an eye to the future. The paper will explore some of the characteristics of the self as enterprise, the challenges and opportunities that shape the fields of possibilities from which this self emerges, and which require us to practise our freedom in particular, always limited, ways and to carry responsibilities for more and more aspects of our lives, in circumstances that mostly escape our differing, individual abilities and capacities to shape these circumstances.
Reliability model for extending cluster lifetime using Backup Cluster Heads in cluster-based Wireless Sensor Networks (2010)

In cluster-based two-tier Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs), the cluster-head nodes (CHs) gather data from sensors and then transmit to the base station. When these cluster head nodes start to die, the coverage of the respective clusters is lost and it leaves the region unmonitored. Even if the CHs are rotated and reassigned after some time, until the next rotation that cluster in question will be out of cluster head, causing a loss of information and loss of coverage. To select a Backup Cluster Head (BCH) is suggested for those CHs which are close to deplete their energy [1]. When the CH dies, BCH takes over the responsibility and continues to work as a new cluster head. In this paper we present an analytical model of cluster reliability in cluster-based WSN using BCH, based on Markov chain model. We use non-homogeneous Markov process, along with Forward Chapman-Kolmogorov equations to illustrate the cluster monitoring period in a finite three state space model. We test the accuracy of the model by applying the probabilities of failure of CH and BCH nodes, for a fixed number of sensor nodes in a cluster. The results show that the presented model is able to match the behaviour of the cluster state transition accurately and validates the simulation results and analysis published in [1].
System-level power/performance evaluation of 3D stacked DRAMs for mobile applications (2009)

Convergence of communication, consumer applications and computing within mobile systems pushes memory requirements both in terms of size, bandwidth and power consumption. The existing solution for the memory bottle-neck is to increase the amount of on-chip memory. However, this solution is becoming prohibitively expensive, allowing 3D stacked DRAM to become an interesting alternative for mobile applications. In this paper, we examine the power/performance benefits for three different 3D stacked DRAM scenarios. Our high-level memory and Through Silicon Via (TSV) models have been calibrated on state-of-the-art industrial processes. We model the integration of a logic die with TSVs on top of both an existing DRAM and a DRAM with redesigned transceivers for 3D. Finally, we take advantage of the interconnect density enabled by 3D technology to analyze an ultra-wide memory interface. Experimental results confirm that TSV-based 3D integration is a promising technology option for future mobile applications, and that its full potential can be unleashed by jointly optimizing memory architecture and interface logic.
Biohydrogenation of linoleic acid by Clostridium sporogenes, Clostridium bifermentans, Clostridium sordellii and Bacteroides sp. (1985)

Several strains of Clostridium bifermentans, Clostridium sporogenes and Clostridium sordellit and one strain of Bacteroides sp. hydrogenate linoleic acid into transvaccenic acid in vitro following the same pathway. Linoleic acid (18:2; 9-cis, 12-cis) was first isomerised into 9-cis, 11-trans-octadecadienoic acid, after which the 9-cis double bond was reduced. These species also hydrogenated linoleic acid into an octadecenoic acid in vivo when mono-associated with gnotobiotic rats. Several other species of Clostridium and Bacteroides did not hydrogenate linoleic acid.
Genetics of the kunitz trypsin inhibitor: An antinutritional factor in soybeans (1979)

Abstract The major trypsin inhibitor present in soybean seed [Glycine max (L.) Merrill] is the Kunitz trypsin inhibitor or soybean trypsin inhibitor A 2 (SBTI‐A 2 ). Four types of SBTI‐A 2 9 have been identified in the U.S. soybean germplasm collection. Three of the types designated Ti a , Ti b , and Ti c are electrophoretically distinguishable from one another by their different Rf values of 0.79, 0.75, and 0.83, respectively. The three types are inherited as codominant alleles in a multiple allelic system at a single locus. The fourth type which is the absence of SBTI‐A 2 is found in P.I. 157440 and P.I. 196168. The gene for the lack of SBTI‐A 2 is designated ti and is inherited as a recessive allele to the other three SBTI‐A 2 9 types. Ti a is the most common SBTI‐A 2 type in the germplasm collection. Linkage studies revealed that the SBTI‐A 2 protein is inherited independently of certain morphological characters and chemical components of seed. Potential applications of the SBTI‐A 2 types are discussed.
Bone morphogenetic protein-2 induces apoptosis in human myeloma cells with modulation of STAT3 (2000)

Bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs), members of the transforming growth factor (TGF)-beta superfamily, are a group of related proteins that are capable of inducing the formation of cartilage and bone but are now regarded as multifunctional cytokines. We show in this report a novel function of BMPs in hematopoietic cells: BMP-2 induces apoptosis not only in human myeloma cell lines (U266, RPMI 8226, HS-Sultan, IM-9, OPM-2, and KMS-12 cells), but also in primary samples from patients with multiple myeloma. The mechanism of BMP-2-induced apoptosis was investigated with the use of U266 cells, which are dependent on the interleukin-6 autocrine loop. We showed that BMP-2 caused cell-cycle arrest in the G1 phase and the subsequent apoptosis of myeloma cells. BMP-2 up-regulated the expression of cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitors (p21(CIP1/WAF1) and p27(KIP1)) and caused hypophosphorylation of retinoblastoma (Rb) protein. In studies of apoptosis-associated proteins, BMP-2 was seen to down-regulate the expression of Bcl-x(L); however, BMP-2 had no effects on the expression of Bcl-2, Bax, or Bad. Therefore, BMP-2 induces apoptosis in various human myeloma cells by means of the down-regulation of Bcl-x(L) and by cell-cycle arrest through the up-regulation of p21(CIP1/WAF1) and p27(KIP1) and by the hypophosphorylation of Rb. Further analysis showed that the signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) was inactivated immediately after BMP-2 treatment. We conclude that BMP-2 would be useful as a novel therapeutic agent in the treatment of multiple myeloma both by means of its antitumor effect of inducing apoptotis and through its original bone-inducing activity, because bone lesions are frequently seen in myeloma patients.
The Seductive Allure of Behavioral Epigenetics (2010)

Could chemical changes to DNA underlie some of society's more vexing problems? Or is this hot new field getting ahead of itself?
In vivo properties of the proangiogenic peptide QK (2009)

The main regulator of neovascularization is Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor (VEGF). We recently demonstrated that QK, a de novo engineered VEGF mimicking peptide, shares in vitro the same biological properties of VEGF, inducing capillary formation and organization. On these grounds, the aim of this study is to evaluate in vivo the effects of this small peptide. Therefore, on Wistar Kyoto rats, we evaluated vasomotor responses to VEGF and QK in common carotid rings. Also, we assessed the effects of QK in three different models of angiogenesis: ischemic hindlimb, wound healing and Matrigel plugs. QK and VEGF present similar endothelium-dependent vasodilatation. Moreover, the ability of QK to induce neovascularization was confirmed us by digital angiographies, dyed beads dilution and histological analysis in the ischemic hindlimb as well as by histology in wounds and Matrigel plugs. Our findings show the proangiogenic properties of QK, suggesting that also in vivo this peptide resembles the full VEGF protein. These data open to new fields of investigation on the mechanisms of activation of VEGF receptors, offering clinical implications for treatment of pathophysiological conditions such as chronic ischemia.
Intention to Use Cloud Accounting System Among SMEs in Malaysia: A Conceptual Framework of a Modified Unified Theory of Acceptance and Use of Technology (UTAUT) Model (2019)

This study explores the underlying factors among SMEs that explain their intentions to use cloud accounting system in Malaysia. This study is motivated by the fact that SMEs are considered as significant economic players and an influential source of national and local economic growth. However, looking at high failure rate for Malaysian SMEs, more research should concern on supporting their business operation especially with regard to accounting or financial management. Based on the literature on this field as well as the concept in Unified Theory of Acceptance and Use of Technology (UTAUT) this study establishes a conceptual model that incorporate additional perceived security to the original four explanatory variables of UTAUT: performance expectancy, effort expectancy, social influence and facilitating condition. Hence, this paper proposes a conceptual framework of a modified UTAUT model with factors towards user intention to use cloud accounting system in Malaysia.
Development of DC/DC Converter for Battery Energy Storage Supporting Railway DC Feeder Systems (2016)

This paper describes the development of a bilateral dc/dc converter rated at 1500 V with a peak power of 500 kW for battery energy storage systems supporting railway dc feeder systems. The dc/dc converter converts regenerated power from a braking train and charges the batteries. The dc/dc converter discharges the stored energy to feed the train during powering. The converter main circuit and the control system are described, and successful test results obtained at the factory are reported. For the main circuit test, a special test method was applied. For the control system test, a real-time digital simulator was used for hardware-in-loop tests. In addition to the converter tests, the results from dc feeder system tests with an actual rectifier and battery bank are also presented.
Siva-1 and an Alternative Splice Form Lacking the Death Domain, Siva-2, Similarly Induce Apoptosis in T Lymphocytes via a Caspase-Dependent Mitochondrial Pathway (2004)

Siva-1 is a death domain-containing proapoptotic protein identified as an intracellular ligand of CD27 and of the glucocorticoid-induced TNFR family-related gene, which are two members of the TNFR family expressed on lymphoid cells. Although Siva-1 expression is up-regulated in multiple pathological processes, little is known about the signaling pathway underlying the Siva-induced apoptosis. In this study, we investigated the mechanism of the proapoptotic activity of Siva-1 and an alternative splice form lacking the death domain of Siva-1, Siva-2, in T lymphocytes in which Siva proteins, CD27, and glucocorticoid-induced TNFR family-related gene are primarily expressed. Overexpression of Siva proteins triggers a typical apoptotic process manifested by cell shrinkage and surface exposure of phosphatidylserine, and confirmed by ultrastructural features. Siva-induced apoptosis is related to the CD27-mediated apoptotic pathway and results in activation of both initiator and effector caspases. This pathway involves a mitochondrial step evidenced by activation of Bid and cytochrome c release, and is modulated by overexpression of Bcl-2 or Bcl-x(L). The determinants for Siva-induced apoptosis are not contained within the death domain found in the central part of Siva-1, but rather in both the N-terminal and C-terminal regions shared by both Siva proteins. The N-terminal region also participates in the translocation of both Siva proteins into the nuclear compartment. These results indicate that Siva-1 and Siva-2 mediate apoptosis in T lymphocytes via a caspase-dependent mitochondrial pathway that likely involves both cytoplasmic and nuclear events.
Quantum Mechanical Study of the Nonbonded Forces in Water−Methanol Complexes (2001)

The water-methanol dimer can adopt two possible configurations (WdM or MdW) depending on whether the water or the methanol acts as the hydrogen bond donor. The relative stability between the two configurations is less than 1 kcal/mol, and as a result, this dimer has been a challenging system to investigate using either theoretical or experimental techniques. In this paper, we present a systematic study of the dependence of the geometries, interaction energies, and harmonic frequencies on basis sets and treatment of electron correlation for the two configurations. At the highest theory level, MP2/aug-cc-pVQZ//MP2/aug-cc-pVTZ, interaction energies of -5.72 and -4.95 kcal/mol were determined for the WdM and MdW configurations, respectively, after correcting for basis set superposition error using the Boys-Bernardi counterpoise scheme. Extrapolating to the complete basis set limit resulted in interaction energies of -5.87 for WdM and -5.16 kcal/mol for MdW. The energy difference between the two configurations is larger than the majority of previously reported values, confirming that the WdM complex is preferred, in agreement with experimental observations. The effects that electron correlation have on the geometry were investigated by performing optimization at the MP2(full), MP4, and CCSD levels of theory. The approach trajectories for the formation of each dimer configuration are presented and the importance of these trajectories in the development of parameters for use in classical force fields is discussed.
A Primitive Growth Factor, NME7AB, Is Sufficient to Induce Stable Naïve State Human Pluripotency; Reprogramming in This Novel Growth Factor Confers Superior Differentiation (2016)

Scientists have generated human stem cells that in some respects mimic mouse naïve cells, but their dependence on the addition of several extrinsic agents, and their propensity to develop abnormal karyotype calls into question their resemblance to a naturally occurring "naïve" state in humans. Here, we report that a recombinant, truncated human NME7, referred to as NME7AB here, induces a stable naïve-like state in human embryonic stem cells and induced pluripotent stem cells without the use of inhibitors, transgenes, leukemia inhibitory factor (LIF), fibroblast growth factor 2 (FGF2), feeder cells, or their conditioned media. Evidence of a naïve state includes reactivation of the second X chromosome in female source cells, increased expression of naïve markers and decreased expression of primed state markers, ability to be clonally expanded and increased differentiation potential. RNA-seq analysis shows vast differences between the parent FGF2 grown, primed state cells, and NME7AB converted cells, but similarities to altered gene expression patterns reported by others generating naïve-like stem cells via the use of biochemical inhibitors. Experiments presented here, in combination with our previous work, suggest a mechanistic model of how human stem cells regulate self-replication: an early naïve state driven by NME7, which cannot itself limit self-replication and a later naïve state regulated by NME1, which limits self-replication when its multimerization state shifts from the active dimer to the inactive hexamer.
A Review of Biorefinery Separations for Bioproduct Production via Thermocatalytic Processing (2017)

With technological advancement of thermocatalytic processes for valorizing renewable biomass carbon, development of effective separation technologies for selective recovery of bioproducts from complex reaction media and their purification becomes essential. The high thermal sensitivity of biomass intermediates and their low volatility and high reactivity, along with the use of dilute solutions, make the bioproducts separations energy intensive and expensive. Novel separation techniques, including solvent extraction in biphasic systems and reactive adsorption using zeolite and carbon sorbents, membranes, and chromatography, have been developed. In parallel with experimental efforts, multiscale simulations have been reported for predicting solvent selection and adsorption separation. We discuss various separations that are potentially valuable to future biorefineries and the factors controlling separation performance. Particular emphasis is given to current gaps and opportunities for future development.
Grammatical Error Correction (GEC): Research Approaches till now (2019)

People all around the world attempts various entrance-level exams to test their proficiency in English. Most of these people are English as a Second Language (ESL) learners & some assistance from a teacher can be helpful in their progress, as they can provide continuous feedback on their writings. This process can be automated, and the process of detecting and correcting grammar errors in a text is called Grammatical Error Correction (GEC) in "Natural Language Processing" Domain. Three approaches have been used for solving GEC task, namely "Rule-based", "Classificationbased", & "Machine Translation", with Machine Translation further broken down into "Statistical Machine Translation" and "Neural Machine Translation".
Multilingual input system for the Web-an open multimedia approach of keyboard and handwriting recognition for Chinese and Japanese (2002)

The basic building block of a multilingual information retrieval system is the input system. Chinese and Japanese characters pose great challenges for the conventional 101-key alphabet-based keyboard, because they are radical-based and number in the thousands. This paper reviews the development of various approaches and then presents a framework and working demonstrations of Chinese and Japanese input methods implemented in Java, which allow open deployment over the Web to any platform. The demo includes both popular keyboard input methods and neural network handwriting recognition using a mouse or pen. This framework is able to accommodate future extension to other input media and languages of interest.
Video object segmentation by tracking regions (2009)

This paper presents an approach to unsupervised segmentation of moving and static objects occurring in a video. Objects are, in general, spatially cohesive and characterized by locally smooth motion trajectories. Therefore, they occupy regions within each frame, while the shape and location of these regions vary slowly from frame to frame. Thus, video segmentation can be done by tracking regions across the frames such that the resulting tracks are locally smooth. To this end, we use a low-level segmentation to extract regions in all frames, and then we transitively match and cluster the similar regions across the video. The similarity is defined with respect to the region photometric, geometric, and motion properties. We formulate a new circular dynamic-time warping (CDTW) algorithm that generalizes DTW to match closed boundaries of two regions, without compromising DTW's guarantees of achieving the optimal solution with linear complexity. Our quantitative evaluation and comparison with the state of the art suggest that the proposed approach is a competitive alternative to currently prevailing point-based methods.
Die Abspaltung des Infinitivs (1986)

Eines der bestgehüteten Geheimnisse dieses Zeitalters kann nun enthüllt werden: Unter höchster Geheimhaltung und abgeschieden in einem entlegenen Gebiet unseres Landes ist es einer anonymen Gruppe von Grammatikern nach langen und schwierigen Bemühungen schließlich gelungen, den Infinitiv zu separieren.
Long-Term Metformin Use Is Associated With Decreased Risk of Breast Cancer (2010)

A decreased risk of breast cancer was observed in female patients with type 2 diabetes using metformin on a long-term basis.
Steer Performance and Association of <i>Acremonium coenophialum</i> Fungal Endophyte on Tall Fescue Pasture<sup>1</sup> (1983)

Abstract Poor animal performance on tall fescue ( Festuca arundinacea Schreb.) pasture may be associated with toxic products produced by the fungal endophyte Acremonium coenophialum Morgan‐Jones and Gams (previously identified and referred to as Epichloe typhina (Fries) Tulasne). The object of this study was to determine steer performance on ‘Kentucky 31’ tall fescue pastures which were either heavily infested or relatively free of the fungal endophyte. Replicated 1.2 ha paddocks were located in west central Alabama on three soils, Sumter clay (fine silty, carbonatic, thermic Rendolic Eutrochrept), Houston clay (very fine montmorillonitic, thermic Typic Chromudert), and Eutaw clay (very fine, montmorillonitic, thermic Entic Pelluderts). They were fertilized annually with 224 kg N ha −1 and grazed with yearling steers. The grazing season during the 4‐year period averaged from 23 October to 24 December and 26 February to 16 June. Tall fescue, averaging 94% of plants fungus infested, produced 768 animal days ha −1 and produced 384 kg beef ha −1 with an average daily gain (ADG) of 0.50 kg. Tall fescue with less than 5% of plants infested produced 593 animal days ha −1 and produced 492 kg beef ha −1 , with an ADG of 0.83 kg. Rectal temperatures were 0.8 °C higher and hair coats much rougher on steers which grazed fungus‐infected grass rather than grass free of the fungus. Results of the study furnish further evidence that the fungal endophyte, A. coenophialum , is associated with low performance of steers on tall fescue pasture. In the absence of the fungal endophyte, ADG of steers on tall fescue is high and similar to that on small grain pastures.