gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Deep learning scheme for recovery of broadband microwave photonic receiving systems in transceivers without expert knowledge and system priors (2019)

In regular microwave photonic (MWP) receiving systems, broadband signals are processed in the analog domain before they are transformed to the digital domain for further processing and storage. However, the quality of the signals may be degraded by defective photonic analog links, especially in a complicated MWP system. Here, we show a unified deep learning scheme that recovers the distorted broadband signals as they are transformed to the digital domain. The neural network could automatically learn the end-to-end inverse responses of the distortion effects of actual photonic analog links from data without expert knowledge and system priors. Hence, by shifting or augmenting the datasets, the neural network is potential to be generalized to various MWP receiving systems. We conduct experiments by nontrivial MWP systems with complicated waveforms. Results validate the effectiveness, general applicability and the noise-robustness of the proposed scheme, showing its superior performance in practical MWP systems. Therefore, the proposed deep learning scheme facilitates the low-cost performance improvement of MWP receiving systems, as well as the next-generation broadband transceivers, including radars, communications, and microwave imaging.
Wireless synchronization of mm-wave arrays in 65nm CMOS (2015)

This paper presents the first wireless synchronization of a mm-wave array, eliminating the need for connecting wires between the array elements. Wireless injection locking is successfully demonstrated and a 3dB bandwidth of 400Hz at a carrier frequency of 50GHz is achieved (frequency stability of 8ppb). The chip includes two on-chip antennas, a power amplifier, a phase-shifter, buffer amplifiers, and a VCO. The chip is fabricated in a 65nm CMOS process and occupies an area of 1.7mm × 3.8mm.
Peripherally Selective Diphenyl Purine Antagonist of the CB1 Receptor (2013)

Antagonists of the CB1 receptor can be useful in the treatment of several important disorders. However, to date, the only clinically approved CB1 receptor antagonist, rimonabant, was withdrawn because of adverse central nervous system (CNS)-related side effects. Since rimonabant's withdrawal, several groups are pursuing peripherally selective CB1 antagonists. These compounds are expected to be devoid of undesirable CNS-related effects but maintain efficacy through antagonism of peripherally expressed CB1 receptors. Reported here are our latest results toward the development of a peripherally selective analog of the diphenyl purine CB1 antagonist otenabant 1. Compound 9 (N-{1-[8-(2-chlorophenyl)-9-(4-chlorophenyl)-9H-purin-6-yl]piperidin-4-yl}pentanamide) is a potent, orally absorbed antagonist of the CB1 receptor that is >50-fold selective for CB1 over CB2, highly selective for the periphery in a rodent model, and without efficacy in a series of in vivo assays designed to evaluate its ability to mitigate the central effects of Δ(9)-tetrahydrocannabinol through the CB1 receptor.
Imaging of shear waves induced by Lorentz force in soft solids (2013)

One of the main challenge in shear wave elastography is the shear wave source. Most of nowadays techniques are using external vibrator or acoustic radiation force. Otherwise, by applying an electrical current in a conductor submitted to a magnetic field, a displacement is induced by Lorentz force. This displacement is propagating as a combination of compressional and shear waves. In this study, we observed for the first time shear waves induced by Lorentz force in a tissue-mimicking phantom. In our experiment, a 10 ms long, 80 V peak-to-peak electrical signal was applied with two electrodes in a gelatin phantom placed in a 300 mT magnetic field. The phantom has an electrical conductivity of 1 S/m, close to the human soft tissue conductivity. An ultrasonic probe was acquiring an image in ultrafast mode at 1000 frames per second with a Verasonics ultrasound scanner. Displacements in the phantom were measured with a speckle-tracking technique based on correlations between each image. Results showed that a displacement of a few micrometers is induced by Lorentz force which results in a shear wave propagation at a speed of 1.4 ± 0.1 m/s. These results could lead to a shear wave elastography technique based on the combination of electrical current and magnetic field.
Antiallergic agents. 2. N-(1H-Tetrazol-5-yl)-6-phenyl-2-pyridinecarboxamides (1983)

A new series of N-(1H-tetrazol-5-yl)-6-phenyl-2-pyridinecarboxamides was prepared to determine the effects of substituents on the benzene and pyridine rings on antiallergic activity in the rat passive cutaneous anaphylaxis (PCA) assay after oral administration. One member of this series, N-(1H-tetrazol-5-yl)-4-methyl-6-[4-(methylamino)-phenyl]-2- pyridinecarboxamide (231), has an ED50 value of 0.8 mg/kg po and is 85 times more potent than disodium cromoglycate (DSCG) on intravenous administration. Further evaluation of 231 as a clinically useful antiallergic agent is in progress.
Simultaneous Stabilization and Multimerization of a Peptide α‐Helix by Stapling Polymerization (2016)

Maintaining specific conformations of peptide ligands is crucial for improving the efficacy of biological interactions. Here, a one-pot polymerization strategy for stabilizing the α-helical conformation of peptides while simultaneously constructing multimeric ligands is presented. The new method, termed stapling polymerization, uses radical polymerization between acryloylated peptide side chains and vinylic monomers. Studies with model peptides indicate that i, i+7 crosslinking is effective for the helix stabilization, whereas i, i+4 crosslinking is not. The stapling polymerization results in the formation of peptide-polyacrylamide conjugates that include ≈3-16 peptides in a single conjugate. This stapling polymerization provides a simple but powerful methodology to fabricate multimeric α-helices that can further be developed to modulate multivalent biomacromolecular interactions.
Rescue and Regrowth of Sensory Nerves Following Deafferentation by Neurotrophic Factors (1999)

Trauma and loss of cochlear inner hair cells causes a series of events that result first in the retraction of the peripheral processes of the auditory nerve, scar formation in the organ of Corti, and over the course of weeks to months (depending on the species) the loss of auditory nerve cell bodies (spiral ganglion cells). Neurotrophic factors play an important role in the mature nervous system as survival factors for maintenance and protection and also can play a role in regrowth. Studies in the cochlea now show that application of exogenous neurotrophic factors can enhance survival of spiral ganglion cells after deafness and induce regrowth of peripheral processes, perhaps by replacing lost endogenous factors. Combinations of factors may be most effective for achieving greatest survival and regrowth. Our studies find that brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and glial-line-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF) are very effective at enhancing spiral ganglion cell survival following deafness from ototoxic drugs or noise. It has also been found that BDNF plus fibroblast growth factor (FGF) is very effective at inducing process regrowth. Electrical stimulation also acts to enhance spiral ganglion cell survival, and the combination of electrical stimulation and neurotrophic factors could prove a most effective intervention.
Non-invasive medical diagnoses using Raman spectroscopy (2003)

Near infrared Raman spectroscopy has the potential to perform real-time diagnosis of tissue in situ. The author reviews the basis of Raman spectroscopy, and the molecular level information it provides. State-of-the-art Raman spectrometer systems are described. The multivariate analysis techniques required for extracting diagnostic information from the spectra are reviewed. Results from breast cancer studies, coronary artery disease studies, and blood analyte measurements are presented. The issues involved in implementing Raman spectroscopy in clinical applications, and some long-term directions for future study, are considered.
Fiber Raman Amplifiers. (2001)

This paper reviews recent progress in broadband Raman amplifiers for WDM applications. After discussing the fundamentals of Raman amplifiers, basic characteristics of multi-wavelength pumped Raman amplifiers are presented. The design procedure of multi-wavelength pumped Raman amplifiers is summarizedwith respect to the pumping wavelength and power allocation, which are explained by superposition rule and pumpto-pump energy transfer, respectively. The comparison between simulated and experimental results is presented to illustrate the validity of the procedure. The design and demonstration of outstanding performances such as 100nm of flat gain bandwidth and 0.1dB flatness over 80nm are also presented.
Real-time Ocular Pupil Tracking for Motion Corrected Ophthalmic Optical Coherence Tomography (2014)

OCT volumetric acquisition is often subject to motion artifacts. Ocular pupil tracking is a simple and robust method to track patient movement. Real-time tracking of the ocular pupil mitigates lateral motion artifacts in OCT volumes.
Corneal Endothelial Regeneration Using Mesenchymal Stem Cells Derived from Human Umbilical Cord (2018)

Corneal blindness is the third leading cause of blindness in the world, and one of the main etiologies is dysfunction of the corneal endothelium. Current treatment of corneal endothelial disease is allogenic corneal transplantation, which is limited by the global shortage of donor corneas and immunological rejection. The corneal endothelium consists of a monolayer of cells derived from the neural crest and mesoderm. Its main function is to prevent corneal edema by tight junctions formed by zonular occludens-1 (ZO-1) and Na, K-ATPase pump function. The human umbilical cord (UC) is a rich source of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs). UC-MSCs that have multi-lineage potential may be an accessible allogenic source. After inducing differentiation with medium containing glycogen synthase kinase (GSK) 3-β inhibitor, UC-MSCs formed polygonal corneal endothelial-like cells that functioned as tissue-engineered corneal endothelium (UTECE). Expressions of major corneal endothelial markers were confirmed by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and quantitative RT-PCR (qRT-PCR). Western blotting confirmed the expression of Na,K-ATPase and PITX2, the functional and developmental markers of corneal endothelial cells. Immunohistochemistry revealed the localization of Na,K-ATPase and ZO-1 in cell-cell junctions, suggesting the presence of tight junctions. In vitro functional analysis revealed that UTECE had significantly high pump function compared with UC-MSCs. Moreover, UTECE transplanted into a rabbit model of bullous keratopathy successfully maintained corneal thickness and transparency. Our findings suggest that UTECE may be used as a source of allogenic cells for the treatment of corneal endothelial disease.
Silicon photodetectors integrated with vertical silicon nitride waveguides as image sensor pixels: Fabrication and characterization (2014)

The current trend toward image sensors with ever-increasing pixel counts is prompting continual reductions in pixel area, leading to significant cross-talk and efficiency challenges. The realization of image sensor pixels containing waveguides presents a means for addressing these issues. The fabrication of such pixels is however not straightforward. Conventional waveguides employed in integrated optics are horizontal, but waveguides needed for the proposed sensor must be vertical and integrated with photodetectors. Here, the authors describe a fabrication process for vertical silicon nitride waveguides integrated with silicon photodetectors. The authors describe the etching, deposition, and planarization techniques that enable the formation of silicon nitride waveguides embedded in silicon dioxide. They also describe a fabrication process for silicon photodetectors, including a means for ensuring that their photosensitive areas have sizes consistent with those of photodetectors employed in conventional image sensors. In addition, the authors perform optical and electrical characterization of the fabricated devices. The results demonstrate the ability of the fabricated waveguides to guide light onto the photodetectors with high efficiency.
Subwavelength perfect acoustic absorption in membrane-type metamaterials: a geometric perspective (2015)

Perfect absorption of low frequency sound with subwavelength absorbers has always been a challenge, owing to the difficulty in achieving impedance matching and the inherent weak absorption coefficients of materials at low frequencies. Recently it was shown that when a membrane-type resonator’s modes are hybridized through the addition of a thin air-sealed cell with a back reflecting surface, perfect absorption of low frequency acoustic wave can be achieved at a particular tunable frequency. Here we use a geometric perspective, based on the fact that the membrane is very thin and therefore the displacements on both sides of the membrane must be the same, to gain a unified framework for deriving absorption upper bounds as well as for understanding the hybrid resonance and the coherent perfect absorption on the same footing. The latter is another scheme for perfect absorption based on the phase coherence of two counter-propagating waves incident upon the membrane-type resonator. Experiments were carried out to verify some relations predicted by the general framework based on this geometric perspective. Excellent agreement between theory and experiment is seen.
Isolated poliovirus capsid protein VP1 induces a neutralizing response in rats. (1982)

Antibodies were raised in rats against the poliovirus type 1 capsid proteins, VP1, VP2, and VP3. Antibodies directed against VP1 from type 1 poliovirus (Mahoney) neutralized type 1 but not type 2 poliovirus. Antibodies raised against VP2 and VP3 failed to neutralize type 1 virus. Thus, VP1 appears to be a neutralizing antigen for poliovirus and in its denatured form presents to the immune system its neutralizing determinants.
Biological detection and tagging using tailorable, reactive, highly fluorescent chemosensors. (2006)

This program was focused on the development of a fluorogenic chemosensor family that could tuned for reaction with electrophilic (e.g. chemical species, toxins) and nucleophilic (e.g. proteins and other biological molecules) species. Our chemosensor approach utilized the fluorescent properties of well-known berberine-type alkaloids. In situ chemosensor reaction with a target species transformed two out-of-plane, weakly conjugated, short-wavelength chromophores into one rigid, planar, conjugated, chromophore with strong long wavelength fluorescence (530-560 nm,) and large Stokes shift (100-180 nm). The chemosensor was activated with an isourea group which allowed for reaction with carboxylic acid moieties found in amino acids.
JAGUAR: a fully pipelined VLSI architecture for JPEG image compression standard (1995)

In this paper, we describe a fully pipelined single chip VLSI architecture for implementing the JPEG baseline image compression standard. The architecture exploits the principles of pipelining and parallelism to the maximum extent in order to obtain high speed and throughput. The architecture for discrete cosine transform and the entropy encoder are based on efficient algorithms designed for high speed VLSI implementation. The entire architecture can be implemented on a single VLSI chip to yield a clock rate of about 100 MHz which would allow an input rate of 30 frames per second for 1024/spl times/1024 color images.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Coiled-coil molecular recognition: directed solution assembly of receptor ectodomains (1994)

The high affinity interleukin-2 (IL-2) receptor is composed of at least three cell surface proteins (alpha, beta and gamma subunits), each of which is independently capable of ligand binding. Physiologically, these subunits cooperate to form dimeric and trimeric complexes that efficiently capture IL-2 and transmit the signal across the membrane. The knowledge of how each subunit functions with respect to ligand capture, signal transmission and internalization is essential for the development of ligand-based IL-2 agonists and antagonists, as well as receptor-related therapeutic and diagnostic reagents. Only one of the subunits (p55 or alpha chain) is capable of interacting with ligand in solution in a manner that resembles cell surface binding. To generate soluble multimeric complexes of the IL-2 receptor subunits that may bind ligand in solution in a fashion that mimics the same receptor complexes on the cell surface, we have added recognition sequences (coiled-coil heptad repeats) to the ectodomains of the individual receptors. Here we describe the expression and characterization of a prototype IL-2 beta receptor ectodomain-coiled-coil fusion protein and demonstrate that this is a feasible approach to the preparation of cytokine receptor solution complexes.
Enantioselective Organocatalytic Hydride Reduction. (2005)

Abstract For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Synthesis, Characterization, and Evaluation of Amine‐Terminated Cycloaliphatic‐Substituted Polysiloxanes (2007)

Abstract Cyclopentyl‐ and cyclohexyl‐substituted polysiloxanes terminated with amino groups were prepared. Initially, the cycloalkene and dichlorosilane were reacted at high pressure (approx. 250 psi) and high temperature (120 °C) to yield the cycloaliphatic dichlorosilane in a two‐step process. Both the mono‐ and disubstituted chlorosilane monomers underwent an oligomerization to produce cyclic oligomers of low molecular weight (≈2 000 g · mol −1 ). Amine‐terminated polysiloxanes were produced via a base‐catalyzed ring‐opening polymerization of the cyclic oligomers with 1,3‐bis(3‐aminopropyl)tetramethyldisiloxane to yield low molecular weight polysiloxanes (≈9 000 g · mol −1 , amine equivalent weight = ≈4 300 g · equiv. −1 ). The polysiloxanes were characterized by 1 H and 29 Si NMR, and Fourier transform‐infrared spectroscopy (FT‐IR). The amine‐terminated polysiloxane was mixed with a cycloaliphatic epoxy‐functionalized cycloaliphatic polysiloxane in order to produce crosslinked epoxy–amine films. The mechanical and physical properties of the film were evaluated and afford a glass transition of the material was 29.5 ± 0.7 °C for the cyclopentyl‐substituted polysiloxane and 38.6 ± 0.7 °C for the cyclohexyl‐substituted polysiloxane. Evaluation of pull‐off adhesion indicated that 0.5 MPa of normal force was required to remove the epoxy/amine film from an aluminum substrate. magnified image
Combinatorial metabolic engineering of <i>Saccharomyces cerevisiae</i> for terminal alkene production (2015)

Abstract Biological production of terminal alkenes has garnered a significant interest due to their industrial applications such as lubricants, detergents and fuels. Here, we engineered the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae to produce terminal alkenes via a one-step fatty acid decarboxylation pathway and improved the alkene production using combinatorial engineering strategies. In brief, we first characterized eight fatty acid decarboxylases to enable and enhance alkene production. We then increased the production titer 7-fold by improving the availability of the precursor fatty acids. We additionally increased the titer about 5-fold through genetic cofactor engineering and gene expression tuning in rich medium. Lastly, we further improved the titer 1.8-fold to 3.7 mg/L by optimizing the culturing conditions in bioreactors. This study represents the first report of terminal alkene biosynthesis in S. cerevisiae , and the abovementioned combinatorial engineering approaches collectively increased the titer 67.4-fold. We envision that these approaches could provide insights into devising engineering strategies to improve the production of fatty acid-derived biochemicals in S. cerevisiae .
Aging-Dependent Large Accumulation of Point Mutations in the Human mtDNA Control Region for Replication (1999)

Progressive damage to mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) during life is thought to contribute to aging processes. However, this idea has been difficult to reconcile with the small fraction of mtDNA so far found to be altered. Here, examination of mtDNA revealed high copy point mutations at specific positions in the control region for replication of human fibroblast mtDNA from normal old, but not young, individuals. Furthermore, in longitudinal studies, one or more mutations appeared in an individual only at an advanced age. Some mutations appeared in more than one individual. Most strikingly, a T414G transversion was found, in a generally high proportion (up to 50 percent) of mtDNA molecules, in 8 of 14 individuals above 65 years of age (57 percent) but was absent in 13 younger individuals.
Laser-addressed liquid crystal light valve display at video scan rates (1984)

A significant technology gain can be achieved in the area of liquid crystal light valve (LCLV) projection displays. Hughes (Industrial Products Division, Carlsbad, California) previously developed a liquid crystal light valve capable of real-time projection imaging at video scan rates. This light valve has the potential of achieving very high resolution greater than 2,000 television (TV) lines and photosensitivity less than 50 microwatts per square centimeter. However, the current use of this LCLV prevents its full utilization potential as an ultrahigh resolution device because it is limited by the resolution of the cathode ray tube (CRT) used to photoactivate the LCLV. This display system employs the technique of laser addressing to photoactivate the LCLV. Recent advances in the field of laser scanning make it possible to maintain high resolution while sweeping the beam in a high-speed raster format. The beam can then be intensity modulated across many resolvable picture elements on the LCLV.
52.1: <i>Invited Paper</i> : Highly Efficient Transparent Organic Light Emitting Diodes with an Internal Random Nano‐structured Scattering Layer (2014)

Abstract We suggest a new approach to improve both out‐coupling efficiency and spectrum independency on viewing angle in transparent OLEDs by introducing a random nano‐structured scattering layer where the waveguide mode can be minimized between the glass substrate and the ITO layer. As a result, total efficiency was remarkably enhanced in transparent OLEDs and we have achieved 52.6 lm/W with CRI 80 with over 50% of transmittance using the random nano‐structured scattering layer.
Flight tests of a simple airborne device for predicting clear air turbulence encounters (1978)

An airborne clear-air turbulence detector is being flight-tested on board NASA's C-141 and Learjet aircraft. The device is an infrared (IR) sensor in the water vapor band and is designed to detect changes in vapor concentrations associated with turbulence in shear conditions. Warnings of about 5 min have been demonstrated at flight altitudes from 9.1 to 13.7 km (30,000 to 45,000 ft). Encounter predictions were obtained 80% of the time, and false alarms were given about 6% of the time. Several simple algorithms were studied for use as signal output analyzers and for alert triggering.
Components for Optical Qubits in the Radio Frequency Basis (2003)

We describe a scheme for the encoding and manipulation of single photon qubits in radio frequency sideband modes using standard optical elements.