gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Template Guided Text Generation for Task-Oriented Dialogue (2020)

Virtual assistants such as Google Assistant, Amazon Alexa, and Apple Siri enable users to interact with a large number of services and APIs on the web using natural language. In this work, we investigate two methods for Natural Language Generation (NLG) using a single domain-independent model across a large number of APIs. First, we propose a schemaguided approach which conditions the generation on a schema describing the API in natural language. Our second method investigates the use of a small number of templates, growing linearly in number of slots, to convey the semantics of the API. To generate utterances for an arbitrary slot combination, a few simple templates are first concatenated to give a semantically correct, but possibly incoherent and ungrammatical utterance. A pre-trained language model is subsequently employed to rewrite it into coherent, natural sounding text. Through automatic metrics and human evaluation, we show that our method improves over strong baselines, is robust to out-of-domain inputs and shows improved sample efficiency. 1
In Search of Novel CDK8 Inhibitors by Virtual Screening (2017)

Aberrant activity of cyclin-dependent kinase (CDK) 8 is implicated in various cancers. While CDK8-targeting anticancer drugs are highly sought-after, no CDK8 inhibitor has yet reached clinical trials. Herein a large library of drug-like molecules was computationally screened using two complementary cascades to identify potential CDK8 inhibitors. Thirty-three hits were identified to inhibit CDK8 and seven of them were active against colorectal cancer cell lines. Finally, the primary target was confirmed using three promising hits.
Broadband Probe-Fed Plate Antenna (2000)

This paper demonstrates a novel means of feeding a broadband suspended plate antenna, where a coaxial probe-fed capacitive feeder coplanar with the plate is employed. The suspended plate with introduction of capacitive feeder acting as a matching network causes a broad impedance bandwidth. A rectangular suspended plate antenna with a narrow probefed strip has been fabricated and examined experimentally. The proposed design shows good performances with wide impedance bandwidth of up to the order of 30%, stable radiation patterns, and high average gain of 4-5dBi.
A refractive index sensor design based on grating-assisted coupling between a strip waveguide and a slot waveguide (2013)

In this paper, we present a design of a refractive index sensor based on grating-assisted light coupling between a strip waveguide and a slot waveguide. The slot waveguide serves as the sensing waveguide while the strip waveguide is used for light launching and detection. The wavelength at which the light is coupled from the strip waveguide to the slot waveguide serves as a measure of the refractive index of the external medium. The sensitivity of the sensor is ~1.46 × 10(3) nm/RIU (refractive index unit) and can be almost doubled by isolating the strip waveguide from the external medium. The effects of the slot-waveguide parameters on the sensitivity have also been investigated. In particular, it is found that the sensor can achieve extraordinarily high sensitivity (on the order of 10(5) nm/RIU) when the group indices of two waveguides are close. The temperature dependence of the sensor is also investigated and a sensor with very low temperature dependence can be achieved with a polymer isolation layer.
Rapid, Metal-Free, Catalytic Conversion of Glycerol to Allyl Monomers and Polymers (2021)

With expanding biodiesel and oleochemical industries, glycerol is produced as main co/byproduct. The expansion of glycerol applications is of foremost importance especially selective conversion methods using low energy consumption, shorter times, and high yield are of great interest. Here, we report the rapid and selective conversion of glycerol to allyl alcohol in a single step using microwave (MW) irradiation through a formic acid-mediated metal-free deoxydehydration reaction. First, a three-factor Box–Behnken response surface design was used to assess the influence of three independent variables including time, temperature, and molar ratio of formic acid/glycerol on the allyl alcohol yield. Then, under optimized conditions, about 84% glycerol conversion to allyl alcohol (∼56%) was achieved in 10 min at 260 °C using a glycerol to formic acid ratio of 1:1.57. Furthermore, the allyl alcohol was converted to allyl formate, allyl phthalate, and their correspondent polymers. The synthesized monomers and polymers were characterized by proton nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (1H NMR), attenuated total reflectance-Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (ATR-FTIR). The polymers were further characterized by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA), and size exclusion chromatography (SEC).
2.1 A highly linear inductorless wideband receiver with phase- and thermal-noise cancellation (2015)

As there is no off-chip RF filtering available in a true Software-Defined-Radio (SDR), SDR receivers typically sufferfrom two fundamental issues when subject to large out-of-band blockers: gain compression and reciprocal mixing. Recently developed techniques based on passive mixers [1,3,4] addressed the first issue, with [1] notably achieving 0dBm blocker-tolerance and low-noise (Fig. 2.1.1 top left), yet they are still susceptible to reciprocal mixing (RM). Meanwhile, another recent work [2] showed a technique to cancel the RM by exploiting the symmetry of the phase noise (Fig. 2.1.1 top right). However, it is only capable of cancelling the RM caused by a moderate CW blocker (up to -10dBm), and lacks a front-end that is wideband, highly linear, and low-noise. In this work, we report a new architecture with phase- and thermal-noise cancellation to tackle the aforementioned challenges. The resulting design achieves 2dB small-signal NF and tolerates 0dBm blockers, yet incorporates no inductors even in the RF VCO. A low-cost wideband ring oscillator is integrated on-chip, and the phase-noise cancellation is capable of rejecting the RM when either a CW or a modulated blocker is present. This inductorless receiver achieves competitive performance compared with the state-of-the-art, breaking the traditional trade-off between LOGEN's power, phase noise, and cost commonly seen in all receivers.
Efficient npn operation in high voltage NMOSFET for ESD robustness (2002)

This paper presents a design technique to achieve parasitic npn turn-on in a high voltage drain extended nMOS (DEnMOS) transistor under ESD conditions. Using the gate-coupled design technique, the overlap between the n/sup -/ drain and the gate is designed for optimum gate potential transient corresponding to maximum substrate current generation under ESD, which can subsequently lead to forward biasing of the substrate-source junction. This approach resulted in more than 6 kV of ESD level for a 600/5 /spl mu/m DEnMOS device.
Performance study of magnetic field concentration techniques on magnetoresistor/rogowski contactless current sensor (2016)

Magnetoresistor/Rogowski coil can be utilized as a wideband contactless current sensor in power electronic converters. However, the magnetic Field detected by these sensing devices varies with frequency due to skin effect. This paper presents an investigation on two Magnetic field Concentration (MCON) techniques using conductive plates and power trace. These MCONs result in a more uniform magnetic Field seen by the sensing elements over the frequency range of interest. Simulation and experimental results are presented to demonstrate the efficacy of the proposed MCONs and their impacts on performance of the sensors.
Structural and Functional Analysis of Cyclin D1 Reveals p27 and Substrate Inhibitor Binding Requirements (2010)

An alternative strategy for inhibition of the cyclin dependent kinases (CDKs) in antitumor drug discovery is afforded through the substrate recruitment site on the cyclin positive regulatory subunit. Critical CDK substrates such as the Rb and E2F families must undergo cyclin groove binding before phosphorylation, and hence inhibitors of this interaction also block substrate specific kinase activity. This approach offers the potential to generate highly selective and cell cycle specific CDK inhibitors and to reduce the inhibition of transcription mediated through CDK7 and 9, commonly observed with ATP competitive compounds. While highly potent peptide and small molecule inhibitors of CDK2/cyclin A, E substrate recruitment have been reported, little information has been generated on the determinants of inhibitor binding to the cyclin groove of the CDK4/cyclin D1 complex. CDK4/cyclin D is a validated anticancer drug target and continues to be widely pursued in the development of new therapeutics based on cell cycle blockade. We have therefore investigated the structural basis for peptide binding to its cyclin groove and have examined the features contributing to potency and selectivity of inhibitors. Peptidic inhibitors of CDK4/cyclin D of pRb phosphorylation have been synthesized, and their complexes with CDK4/cyclin D1 crystal structures have been generated. Based on available structural information, comparisons of the cyclin grooves of cyclin A2 and D1 are presented and provide insights into the determinants for peptide binding and the basis for differential binding and inhibition. In addition, a complex structure has been generated in order to model the interactions of the CDKI, p27(KIP)¹, with cyclin D1. This information has been used to shed light onto the endogenous inhibition of CDK4 and also to identify unique aspects of cyclin D1 that can be exploited in the design of cyclin groove based CDK inhibitors. Peptidic and nonpeptidic compounds have been synthesized in order to explore structure-activity relationship for binding to the cyclin D1 groove, which to date has not been carried out in a systematic fashion. Collectively, the data presented provide new insights into how compounds can be developed that function as chemical biology probes to determine the cellular and antitumor effects of CDK inhibition. Furthermore, such compounds will serve as templates for structure-guided efforts to develop potential therapeutics based on selective inhibition of CDK4/cyclin D activity.
GNAS Sequencing Identifies IPMN-specific Mutations in a Subgroup of Diminutive Pancreatic Cysts Referred to as “Incipient IPMNs” (2014)

Incipient intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasms (IPMNs) are poorly described subcentimeter pancreatic cysts with papillae and mucin similar to IPMNs. They are larger than pancreatic intraepithelial neoplasia but do not meet the cutoff size for IPMNs (≥ 1 cm). GNAS codon 201 mutations are hallmark genetic alterations of IPMNs. Hence, we sought to determine the GNAS status of incipient IPMNs to better classify these lesions. Incipient IPMNs from 3 institutions were histologically reassessed, manually microdissected, and the genomic DNA was extracted. Using a sensitive digital ligation technique, the mutational status of KRAS at codon 12 and GNAS at codon 201 was determined. We included 21 incipient IPMNs from 7 male and 12 female patients with a median age of 63 years (range, 40 to 76 y). Most patients underwent surgery for pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (N = 8) or ampullary adenocarcinoma (N = 3). The median incipient IPMN size was 4 mm (range, 2 to 7 mm), and a majority had gastric-foveolar (N = 11) or intestinal (N = 5) differentiation. The maximum dysplasia observed was intermediate, and most of the lesions had intermediate-grade dysplasia. Mutational analysis revealed KRAS codon 12 mutations in all 21 incipient IPMNs, whereas 7 lesions (33%) in 7 individual patients harbored GNAS codon 201 mutations. The presence of GNAS 201 mutations in incipient IPMNs suggests that a fraction of these cysts are in fact small IPMNs. Morphologically, incipient IPMNs do not appear to be high-risk lesions. Additional studies in a larger cohort are needed to define the relationship of incipient IPMNs to larger IPMNs and, more importantly, to determine their clinical significance.
Preserving HTTP Sessions in Vehicular Environments (2007)

Wireless Internet in the in-vehicle environment is an evolving reality that reflects the gradual maturity of wireless technologies. Its complexity is reflected in the diversity of wireless technologies and dynamically changing network environments. The ability to adapt to the dynamics of such environments and to survive transient failures due to network handoffs is fundamentally important in failure-prone vehicular environments. In this paper, we identify several new issues arising from network heterogeneity in vehicular environments and concentrate on designing and implementing a network-aware prototype system that supports HTTP session continuity in the presence of network volatility, with emphasis on the following specifically tailored features: 1) automatic and transparent HTTP failure recovery; 2) network awareness and adaptation; and 3) application-layer preemptive network handoff. Experimental results gathered from real application environments based on code-division-multiple-access 1 times round-trip time and IEEE 802 networks are presented and analyzed.
TISSUE ENGINEERING AND RECONSTRUCTIVE SURGERY (2002)

Tissue engineering in reconstructive surgery has many potential attractions, not the least to avoid donor site morbidity and reduce the potential need for allografts and prostheses. Currently there are only two products that have FDA approval in the United States, namely skin and cartilage. Other potential products being trialled are artificial blood vessels and heart valves. The common denominator of these is that they are essentially two dimensional and relatively avascular. Three dimensional tissue engineering has three essential components, (1) cells, (2) scaffold and (3) blood supply. Cells are most easily derived from an autologous source, by conventional tissue culture where they are expanded and implanted into the required site. They are committed cells and usually a large source of donor tissue is required to obtain an adequate source of cells for reconstruction. Stem cells have the potential to grow and differentiate, they may be embryonal which introduces ethical problems or adult stem cells. Cells can be genetically engineered to produce specific growth factors for the purpose of further cell proliferation, such as vascular endothelial growth factor for angiogenesis. The second essential is a scaffold for cells to adhere to and grow. This is particularly important for the development of the vascular network. Fibrin, PTFE (Dexon) Matrigel (a form of Laminen) or collagen are the most popular forms of matrix. The third and most essential component for three-dimensional tissue engineering is vascularization. To date, most tissue engineering research involves invitro studies of cell differentiation and growth but the invivo potential is limited because of inability to transfer a blood supply. At the Bernard O’Brien Institute at St Vincent’s Hospital, Melbourne, we have developed a model of invivo tissue engineering which involves the initial creation of a vascular core inside a plastic chamber which can be moulded to any desired shape. This construct seems to be an ideal environment for seeding of cells, including stem cells which allows them to survive and differentiate into various mesenchymal tissues. To date we have been able to generate skin flaps, fat, tissue and skeletal muscle. Although our prime interest has not been bone or cartilage it is reasonable to assume that this can be relatively simply produced in the same model from either stem cell sources or by the use of differentiating factors.
Photochemically-removable silyl protecting groups (1993)

Several <i>o</i>-phenol-containing alkoxyvinylsilanes were prepared and their photochemistry was\ninvestigated. These materials were prepared via hydrosilylation of the corresponding <i>o</i>-acetoxy arylacetylenes.\nTwo major classes of photochemical processes were identified in these reactants: trans→cis isomerization,\nleading to an intramolecular nucleophilic substitution process at silicon, and 1,5-silyl shift, leading to an\nunsymmetrical dialkoxysilane. The major outcome of this work is a novel class of photochemically removable\nprotecting groups. Two alkyl substitutions on silicon, the dimethyl and diisopropyl, were examined. The latter\nis more stable and is preferred for protecting groups that must tolerate multiple steps or reagents. Protection\nof alcohols is generally performed starting with the arylethynyl acetate, which can be subjected to hydrosilylation,\nalcohol substitution, and acetate deprotection without isolation of intermediates. Two groups were studied in\ndetail, the phenol and 2-naphthol vinyl silane derivatives. A variety of primary and secondary alcohols were\nprotected with these reagents. These groups can be deprotected cleanly and in high yield by irradiation from\n250 to 350 nm.
CONTROLLED, FORCED COLLAPSE OF CAVITATION BUBBLES FOR IMPROVED STONE FRAGMENTATION DURING SHOCK WAVE LITHOTRIPSY (1997)

The feasibility of using controlled, forced collapse of cavitation bubbles for improved stone fragmentation during shock wave lithotripsy was demonstrated using microsecond tandem shockwave pulses. High-speed photography revealed that a secondary shock wave, released in less than 500 microseconds (microsec.) following a lithotripter-generated shock wave, can be used to control and force the collapse of cavitation bubbles toward target concretions. This timely enforced shockwave-bubble interaction was found to greatly enhance the cavitational activity near the stone surface, with a resultant up to 43% increment in stone fragmentation. Since most of the cavitation energy is directed and concentrated toward the target stones and fewer shock waves are needed for successful stone comminution, tissue injury associated with this new lithotripsy procedure may also be reduced. This novel concept of shock wave lithotripsy may be used to improve the treatment efficiency and safety of existing clinical lithotripters, as well as in the design of new shock wave lithotripters.
Nparse - a shallow n-gram-based grammatical-phrase parser (1999)

Existing approaches to background noise coding at very low bit rates (i.e., below 1 kbps) fail to reproduce the noise with natural quality, resulting in a degradation of the overall perceived quality.In this paper, we propose a novel scheme for natural-quality reduced-rate coding of background acoustic noise in voice communication systems.A better representation of the excitation signal in a noise-synthesis model is achieved by classifying the type of acoustic environment noise.Class-dependent residual substitution is used at the receive side to synthesize background noise that sounds similar to the background noise at the transmit side.The improvement in the quality of synthesized noise during speech gaps helps in preserving noise continuity between talk spurts and speech pauses, and enhances the perceived quality of a conversation.
Selection of Heregulin Variants Having Higher Affinity for the ErbB3 Receptor by Monovalent Phage Display (1998)

Heregulins (HRGs) are epidermal growth factor (egf) domain containing polypeptide growth factors that bind and activate several members of the ErbB receptor family. Although HRG can bind to ErbB3 and ErbB4 homodimers, the highest affinity and most intracellularly active receptor complexes are hetero-oligomers containing ErbB2. The HRGbeta egf domain was displayed on the surface of M13 phage to facilitate mutagenic analysis and optimize for binding to a homodimeric ErbB3-immunoglobulin (IgG) fusion. Nine libraries were constructed in which virtually the entire sequence was randomized in stretches of four to six amino acids. These were selected separately for binding to immobilized ErbB3-IgG. Analysis of the resulting sequences revealed some areas that diverged radically from the wild-type, whereas others showed strong conservation. The degree of wild-type conservation correlated strongly with the functional importance of the residues as determined by alanine scanning mutagenesis (Jones, J. T., Ballinger, M. D., Pisacane, P. I., Lofgren, J. A., Fitzpatrick, V. D., Fairbrother, W. J., Wells, J. A., and Sliwkowski, M. X. (1998) J. Biol. Chem. 273, 11667-11674). Some variants from several libraries showed significant improvements in binding affinity to the ErbB3-IgG. These optimized segments were combined in various ways in the same molecule to generate variants (containing up to 16 mutations) that had >50-fold higher affinity than wild-type HRGbeta. The optimized variants stimulated ErbB2 phophorylation on MCF7 cells at levels similar to wild-type. This indicates wild-type affinity is optimized for potency and that factors other than affinity for ErbB3 are limiting. These variants showed enhanced affinity toward the ErbB4 homodimer, suggesting these receptors use very similar binding determinants despite them having 65% sequence identity.
An Intelligent Emissions Controller for Fuel Lean Gas Reburn in Coal-Fired Power Plants (2000)

The application of artificial intelligence techniques for performance optimization of the fuel lean gas reburn (FLGR) system is investigated. A multilayer, feedforward artificial neural network is applied to model static nonlinear relationships between the distribution of injected natural gas into the upper region of the furnace of a coal-fired boiler and the corresponding oxides of nitrogen (NOx) emissions exiting the furnace. Based on this model, optimal distributions of injected gas are determined such that the largest NOx reduction is achieved for each value of total injected gas. This optimization is accomplished through the development of a new optimization method based on neural networks. This new optimal control algorithm, which can be used as an alternative generic tool for solving multidimensional nonlinear constrained optimization problems, is described and its results are successfully validated against an off-the-shelf tool for solving mathematical programming problems. Encouraging results obtained using plant data from one of Commonwealth Edison's coal-fired electric power plants demonstrate the feasibility of the overall approach. Preliminary results show that the use of this intelligent controller will also enable the determination of the most cost-effective operating conditions of the FLGR system by considering, along with the optimal distribution of the injected gas, the cost differential between natural gas and coal and the open-market price of NOx emission credits. Further study, however, is necessary, including the construction of a more comprehensive database, needed to develop high-fidelity process models and to add carbon monoxide (CO) emissions to the model of the gas reburn system.
Distribution and Specific Identification of Papillomavirus Major Capsid Protein Epitopes by Immunocytochemistry and Epitope Scanning of Synthetic Peptides (1990)

Monoclonal (MAbs) and polyclonal antibodies were produced against the major capsid protein of detergent-disrupted, purified bovine papillomavirus type 1 (BPV-1). The precise locations of the corresponding epitopes were identified by the reactivity of MAbs and selected polyclonal antibodies with synthetic, overlapping, hexameric peptides corresponding with 95% of the BPV-1 major capsid protein. The topography of these epitopes was determined by reactivity of antibodies with intact (conformational and nonconformational surface epitopes) and disrupted (external or internal nonconformational epitopes) BPV-1 virions. The distribution of epitopes in various papillomaviruses of 13 different species was determined by reactivity of the MAbs and polyclonal sera with productively infected, formalin-fixed papillomas, fibropapillomas, and fibromas. Epitope scanning, using MAbs and polyclonal antisera, resulted in the precise location of BPV-1 hexameric epitopes that could be correlated with their topography on the capsid and distribution in papillomatous lesions of various species.