gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Digital tomosynthesis mammography using a parallel maximum-likelihood reconstruction method (2004)

A parallel reconstruction method, based on an iterative maximum likelihood (ML) algorithm, is developed to provide fast reconstruction for digital tomosynthesis mammography. Tomosynthesis mammography acquires 11 low-dose projections of a breast by moving an x-ray tube over a 50° angular range. In parallel reconstruction, each projection is divided into multiple segments along the chest-to-nipple direction. Using the 11 projections, segments located at the same distance from the chest wall are combined to compute a partial reconstruction of the total breast volume. The shape of the partial reconstruction forms a thin slab, angled toward the x-ray source at a projection angle 0°. The reconstruction of the total breast volume is obtained by merging the partial reconstructions. The overlap region between neighboring partial reconstructions and neighboring projection segments is utilized to compensate for the incomplete data at the boundary locations present in the partial reconstructions. A serial execution of the reconstruction is compared to a parallel implementation, using clinical data. The serial code was run on a PC with a single PentiumIV 2.2GHz CPU. The parallel implementation was developed using MPI and run on a 64-node Linux cluster using 800MHz Itanium CPUs. The serial reconstruction for a medium-sized breast (5cm thickness, 11cm chest-to-nipple distance) takes 115 minutes, while a parallel implementation takes only 3.5 minutes. The reconstruction time for a larger breast using a serial implementation takes 187 minutes, while a parallel implementation takes 6.5 minutes. No significant differences were observed between the reconstructions produced by the serial and parallel implementations.
Ganglioside GM1 induces phosphorylation of mutant huntingtin and restores normal motor behavior in Huntington disease mice (2012)

Huntington disease (HD) is a progressive neurodegenerative monogenic disorder caused by expansion of a polyglutamine stretch in the huntingtin (Htt) protein. Mutant huntingtin triggers neural dysfunction and death, mainly in the corpus striatum and cerebral cortex, resulting in pathognomonic motor symptoms, as well as cognitive and psychiatric decline. Currently, there is no effective treatment for HD. We report that intraventricular infusion of ganglioside GM1 induces phosphorylation of mutant huntingtin at specific serine amino acid residues that attenuate huntingtin toxicity, and restores normal motor function in already symptomatic HD mice. Thus, our studies have identified a potential therapy for HD that targets a posttranslational modification of mutant huntingtin with critical effects on disease pathogenesis.
Image annotation using search and mining technologies (2006)

In this paper, we present a novel solution to the image annotation problem which annotates images using search and data mining technologies. An accurate keyword is required to initialize this process, and then leveraging a large-scale image database, it 1) searches for semantically and visually similar images, 2) and mines annotations from them. A notable advantage of this approach is that it enables unlimited vocabulary, while it is not possible for all existing approaches. Experimental results on real web images show the effectiveness and efficiency of the proposed algorithm.
Nitrogen polishing in a fully anoxic anammox MBBR treating mainstream nitritation–denitritation effluent (2015)

As nitrogen discharge limits are becoming more stringent, short-cut nitrogen systems and tertiary nitrogen polishing steps are gaining popularity. For partial nitritation or nitritation-denitritation systems, anaerobic ammonia oxidation (anammox) polishing may be feasible to remove residual ammonia and nitrite from the effluent. Nitrogen polishing of mainstream nitritation-denitritation system effluent via anammox was studied at 25°C in a fully anoxic moving bed bioreactor (MBBR) (V = 0.45 m(3) ) over 385 days. Unlike other anammox based processes, a very fast startup of anammox MBBR was demonstrated, despite nitrite limited feeding conditions (influent nitrite = 0.7 ± 0.59 mgN/L, ammonia = 6.13 ± 2.86 mgN/L, nitrate = 3.41 ± 1.92 mgN/L). The nitrogen removal performance was very stable within a wide range of nitrogen inputs. Anammox bacteria (AMX) activity up to 1 gN/m(2) /d was observed which is comparable to other biofilm-based systems. It is generally believed that nitrate production limits nitrogen removal through AMX metabolism. However, in this study, anammox MBBR demonstrated ammonia, nitrite, and nitrate removal at limited chemical oxygen demand (COD) availability. AMX and heterotrophs contributed to 0.68 ± 0.17 and 0.32 ± 0.17 of TIN removal, respectively. It was speculated that nitrogen removal might be aided by denitratation which could be due to heterotrophs or the recently discovered ability for AMX to use short-chain fatty acids to reduce nitrate to nitrite. This study demonstrates the feasibility of anammox nitrogen polishing in an MBBR is possible for nitritation-denitration systems.
Study of the diffusion of Te inclusions in CdZnTe nuclear detectors in post-growth annealing (2012)

Despite immense endeavor invested in optimizing the crystal growth parameters and the post growth improvement methodologies proposed by numerous studies, there are still unresolved shortcomings of CdZnTe crystals to produce commercial-grade CdZnTe detectors. Post-growth thermal annealing under Zn, Te, or Cd vapor overpressure at various temperature have been the approach attempted to improve the crystallinity of CdZnTe crystals. This paper presents results of post growth annealing of CdZnTe detectors that shows both reduction in the sizes of Te inclusions and the migration of the inclusions towards the high-temperature side of the crystal. Two set of annealing experiments were made. The first is annealing under Cd vapor overpressure in vacuum at 600 °C for 45 minutes at a temperature gradient of 10 °C/cm. The second set of CdZnTe post-growth annealing experiments was carried out at 700 °C CdZnTe annealing temperature with the Cadmium temperature at 650 °C, 30 minutes annealing time, and temperature gradient of 10 °C/cm. The reduction in the sizes of Te inclusions ranges from 8% to 38%.
Evaluation of array signal processing methods for ultrasound-based arterial pulse wave velocity measurements on in vitro and in vivo data (2006)

In this paper we evaluate an improved version of a signal processing approach recently proposed by the authors for estimating arterial pulse wave velocity (PWV) in a uniform arterial segment based on ultrasound measurements. The modifications are described, along with the experimental set-up for their evaluation. In general, results of physical experiments and simulations indicate that the new modifications provide a robust approach to PWV estimation. Non-invasive, in vivo assessment of the local elastic properties of an artery is a desirable capability, both in experimental physiology and in medicine. The arterial pulse wave velocity (PWV) in a short uniform segment of an artery is indicative of the local elastic state of the segment, but pulse wave reflections are always present throughout the arterial system and are a well-recognized source of error in PWV measurement (1). Elimination of estimation bias due to reflections is required if the PWV is to be used to compute parameters such as the compliance of the artery. Ultrasound is a suitable modality for the local PWV estimation problem, as it is for many problems of noninvasive, in vivo biomechanical assessment. Recently the authors (2) showed that pulse wave velocity estimation from several ultrasound measurements taken along a uniform arterial segment is mathematically equivalent to the broadband directional of arrival problem found in radar and sonar. The presence of a reflection wave traveling at the PWV, but in the opposite direction from the forward wave makes the PWV problem similar to the symmetric multipath case in the direction-of-arrival problem (3). Consequently, there is a great deal of work in signal processing literature dealing with the direction-of-arrival estimation problem in this form that can be applied the arterial PWV estimation using ultrasound by way of the problem formulation given in (2). In (4), a method for the PWV problem based on a least squares approach was presented and results of application to in vivo were presented for data taken using a 10 MHz linear probe positioned to acquire 8 beams spaced by 5.6 mm along the flow axis of the left common carotid artery (CCA). The technique of (4) produced estimates in a realistic range, but with large estimation variance on the order of 30-40%. This paper seeks to provide a more detailed evaluation of the general method, using new signal processing approaches for reduction of estimation bias. This evaluation is done by simulation, test tank experiments and further data from the CCAs of healthy volunteers.
Lock and Key Colloids (2009)

The key to self-assembly Many functional materials can be created by directing the assembly of colloidal particles into a predetermined structure. Control over particle assembly usually involves tagging them with molecules such as DNA that can recognize and bind each other. But new work shows that shape complementarity — the construction of colloids using a lock-and-key recognition mechanism — offers a simple and effective alternative control mechanism. The keys are colloidal spheres, and monodisperse colloidal particles with a spherical cavity are the locks. The two will spontaneously and reversibly bind via the depletion interaction if their sizes match. This procedure yields complex colloidal structures held together by flexible bonds, and offers a simple yet general means to program and direct colloidal self-assembly.
Synthesis and pharmacological properties of 5H,10H-imidazo[1,2-a]indeno[1,2-e]pyrazine-4-one, a new competitive AMPA/KA receptor antagonist (1999)

The excessive release of glutamate, a potent excitatory neurotransmitter, is thought to play an important role in a variety of acute and chronic neurological disorders. Consequently, excitatory amino acid antagonists may have an important therapeutic potential in the treatment of these diseases. Glutamate interacts with at least three types of receptor: 1) NMDA (N-methyl-D-aspartic acid) receptors; 2) AMPA [2-amino-3-(3-hydroxy-5-methylisoxazol-4-yl)propionic acid]/kainic acid (KA) receptors; and 3) metabotropic receptors. Blockade of ionotropic AMPA/KA receptors has been shown to prevent cerebral ischemia insult in experimental models. This article describes the synthesis, pharmacological activity, and neuroprotective properties of 5H,10H-imidazo[1,2-a]indeno[1,2-e]pyrazine-4-one (1), a novel AMPA/KA antagonist which showed micromolar affinity at AMPA/KA receptors and competitively inhibited functional responses mediated by these receptors. In mice, 1 had significant anticonvulsive properties and conferred protection against hypobaric hypoxia and KCN intoxication. In rats and gerbils, 1 possesses significant activity in models of global or focal cerebral ischemia, as well as in a model of neurotrauma. Compound 1 was prepared from 2-bromo-indanone using two synthetic pathways in two or three steps with moderate (30%) or good (70%) yields, respectively. Drug Dev. Res. 48:121–129, 1999. © 1999 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Selective Mobile Communication within a Coverage Area Bounded by Radiating Cables (2015)

It is often desirable to control mobile phone services in areas where complete silence is either expected or mandatory, including schools, places of worship, hospitals, and prisons. In contrast to conventional techniques, such as jammers or Faraday cages, we present a novel technique to selectively control mobile phone services within a desired area. Our solution enables the area’s keeper to allow mobile phones on a whitelist to freely use mobile services without disruption while denying services to all other mobile phones that are within the boundaries of the desired area to be controlled. Our solution uses a base station controller to identify all mobile devices located within the area to be controlled, while an antenna is placed inside the area to attract all mobile devices in the area to connect to the base station controller. In previous work, we proposed a system that uses directional antennas for the attraction technique. In this work, we show that replacement of the directional antennas with a leaky feeder antenna enables more accurate control of mobile phone services in and around the area to be controlled. Simulations and experiments of the leaky feeder technique confirm its precise control of mobile phone services within the desired areas.
In-Situ Wettability Utilizing Low Gradient Magnetic Resonance (2014)

Abstract Hydrocarbon recovery, production mechanisms and field development economics strongly rely on understanding the wetting characteristics of the in-situ reservoir fluids. In the Gulf of Mexico reservoir systems presented, we characterize and profile the occurrence of mixed wettability conditions. This paper presents a new approach to estimate wettability, utilizing low-gradient magnetic resonance technology. Core data, core flood experiments, advanced fluid sampling and dynamic temperature anomaly evaluations are integrated to investigate the pore-scale complex fluid distributions and connectivity of varying wettability systems. Wettability is difficult to measure in-situ, however the interaction of the fluid and rock mineral surfaces have an apparent relaxation time that is influenced by the surface relaxation mechanism of magnetic resonance. Wettability can be measured in the laboratory through contact angle, atomic forces microscope imaging and Amott index measurements. These are scale-constrained and it is difficult to replicate original down-hole conditions for these measurements. The new approach enables direct wettability estimation at in-situ reservoir conditions. A spin-lattice function is derived, which is directly related to the interfacial tension and surface wetting fluid properties. A wettability index is then computed from the function using a reference zone below the free water level. The results indicate mixed wetting characteristics in asphaltenes and heavy-to-solid hydrocarbon-bearing sections. Several other factors evaluated that may account for the wettability distribution include asphaltene content of oil, acid number of the oil, rock surface roughness estimated from grain size modeling, and paleo-diagenetic thermal and pressure history of the reservoir. A more significant challenge for production performance from mixed wet systems is the connectivity of the wetting phases that may aid or impair mobility of fluid displacement, which can now be characterized by a depth-continuous wettability. The early knowledge of the presence of mixed wet system allows for optimal development planning of future recovery methods.
Abstract 10693: Identification of Lunasin as the Active Component in Soy Protein Responsible for Reducing LDL Cholesterol and Risk of Cardiovascular Disease (2012)

Soy protein has an approved FDA health claim for reducing LDL cholesterol and CVD risk but the active component and mechanism of action are unknown. We tested the hypothesis that the lunasin peptid...
Polarization mode dispersion in optical fibers (2002)

A resurgence of interest in polarization mode dispersion (PMD) phenomena has accompanied proposals for commercial systems at 40 Gb/s and beyond. PMD is caused by optical birefringence. A signal propagating through a fiber with PMD experiences polarization-dependent group delay and pulse distortion, resulting in system penalties that depend on environmental changes including temperature and stress and thus vary with time and wavelength. PMD is commonly characterized by two specific orthogonal states of polarization called the principal states of polarization (PSP) and the differential group delay (DGD) between them.
Millimeter-wave signal generation using an integrated mode-locked semiconductor laser and photodiode (1997)

A compact optoelectronic integrated circuit for generation of mm-wave frequencies is demonstrated. A monolithically integrated semiconductor ring laser, optical amplifier and waveguide photodiode are used to generate electrical signals up to 85.2 GHz.
Synthesized Synchronous Sampling Technique for Bearing Damage Detection Preprint (2009)

Abstract : Differential bearing between the low-pressure turbine (LPT) shaft and high-pressure turbine (HPT) shaft is one of the most vulnerable parts in a turbo machinery engine. Yet, it is one of the most difficult parts to detect the damage signatures, because the signal to noise ratio at the regular sensor locations is usually low. In addition, the speed variations in both the LPT and the HPT can further deteriorate the damage signature extracted by the conventional analysis. In this paper, we developed a synthesized synchronous sampling technique to enhance the differential bearing damage signature. With this technique, together with the conventional acceleration enveloping technique, we are able to detect differential bearing damage at much earlier stage, thus provide early warning of the machinery health conditions.
Comparison of Radio Imaging Method (RIM) Electromagnetic Wave Tomography with In-Mine Geological Mapping in the Liddell, Bulli and Wongawilli Coal Seams (1988)

The radio imaging method (RIM) of coal seam mapping relies on the natural waveguide effect exhibited by coal seams to electromagnetic wave propagation. Whenever coal seams are disrupted by a natural geological discontinuity, the waveguide disruption causes a measurable change in the wave attenuation. Attenuation measurements can be analysed directly or, if sufficient data are available by tomography, to indicate the location of the anomaly and its likely severity. Such information is of vital importance in modern underground coal mining.In February, 1987 a series of trial surveys were conducted in three Australian mines by a survey team from Stolar Inc. of the USA. The results showed that the natural wave attenuation is 46dB/100 m in the Liddell Seam, 36 dB/100 m in the Wongawilli Seam and 13 dB/100 m in the Bulli Seam. In the Bulli Seam propagation over distances in excess of 600 m is possible.The surveys were conducted over test sites where dykes and other geological features exist. Wave propagation was clearly disrupted by the dykes and it was possible to image their location by tomographic means. An application for RIM in Australian mines has been clearly indicated.
Highly stretchable wrinkled gold thin film wires (2016)

With the growing prominence of wearable electronic technology, there is a need to improve the mechanical reliability of electronics for more demanding applications. Conductive wires represent a vital component present in all electronics. Unlike traditional planar and rigid electronics, these new wearable electrical components must conform to curvilinear surfaces, stretch with the body, and remain unobtrusive and low profile. In this paper, the piezoresistive response of shrink induced wrinkled gold thin films under strain demonstrates robust conductive performance in excess of 200% strain. Importantly, the wrinkled metallic thin films displayed negligible change in resistance of up to 100% strain. The wrinkled metallic wires exhibited consistent performance after repetitive strain. Importantly, these wrinkled thin films are inexpensive to fabricate and are compatible with roll to roll manufacturing processes. We propose that these wrinkled metal thin film wires are an attractive alternative to conventional wires for wearable applications.
Fourier transform interferometer alignment method (2002)

A rapid and convenient method has been developed to facilitate the alignment of the image-plane components of point-diffraction interferometers, including the phase-shifting point-diffraction interferometer. In real time, the Fourier transform of the detected image is used to calculate a pseudoimage of the electric field in the image plane of the test optic where thecritical alignment o f variousoptical components is performed. Reconstruction of the pseudoimage is similar to off-axis, Fourier transform holography. Intermediate steps in the alignment procedure are described. Fine alignment is aided by the introduction and optimization of a global-contrast parameter that is easily calculated from the Fourier transform. Additional applications include the alignment of image-plane apertures in general optical systems, the rapid identification of patterned image-plane alignment marks, and the probing of important image-plane field properties.
A Single Conductance Pore for Chloride Ions Formed by Two Cystic Fibrosis Transmembrane Conductance Regulator Molecules (1999)

The cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) is a cAMP-dependent protein kinase (PKA)- and ATP-regulated chloride channel, whose gating process involves intra- or intermolecular interactions among the cytosolic domains of the CFTR protein. Tandem linkage of two CFTR molecules produces a functional chloride channel with properties that are similar to those of the native CFTR channel, including trafficking to the plasma membrane, ATP- and PKA-dependent gating, and a unitary conductance of 8 picosiemens (pS). A heterodimer, consisting of a wild type and a mutant CFTR, also forms an 8-pS chloride channel with mixed gating properties of the wild type and mutant CFTR channels. The data suggest that two CFTR molecules interact together to form a single conductance pore for chloride ions.
Multi-appliance power disaggregation: An approach to energy monitoring (2010)

Consumers increasingly want to make informed and proactive decisions based on an understanding of their energy consumption. However, current energy monitoring solutions are either too limited in the information they provide or are too intrusive. We consider a solution for disaggregating the electrical power consumption of individual appliances connected in a residential electricity network, with a single point of measurement. We pose the power disaggregation problem in the framework of multi-user detection. Two linear detection algorithms are then provided to determine which appliances are active in the network and in turn to determine their individual power consumptions. An experimental setup is described that was used to evaluate the performance of the algorithms along with simulation results.
Efficiency of the dry–wet method for the MALDI‐MSI analysis of latent fingermarks (2013)

Matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionisation mass spectrometry imaging (MALDI-MSI) has proven to be a powerful analytical tool to investigate problems in several fields of life science. A novel application is in the field of forensics, particularly in the analysis of latent fingermarks. This technology enables images of the fingermark ridge detail and additional intelligence to be simultaneously obtained. Although several methods are available to deposit the MALDI matrix, to make the technology forensically operational, another deposition approach was devised and reported, namely the 'dry-wet' method. In the present study, the efficiency of the dry-wet method was evaluated and compared with the conventional spray coat methodology. Results indicate that the dry-wet method is superior for all the donors' typologies in terms of ion signal intensity and clarity of the ridge details. To underpin the reasons of this efficiency, scanning electron microscopy analyses were carried out in parallel to MALDI-MSI experiments using matrices of different particle size. Results have confirmed that the particle size plays an important role in the efficiency of the method as higher quality images and higher intensity spectra are produced as the matrix particle size decreases.