gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Frequency-tunable high-<i>Q</i> superconducting resonators via wireless control of nonlinear kinetic inductance (2019)

Frequency-tunable microwave resonators are in great demand especially in hybrid systems where precise frequency alignment of resonances is required. Here, we present frequency-tunable high-Q superconducting resonators fabricated from thin niobium nitride and niobium titanium nitride films. The resonant frequency is tuned by applying a magnetic field perpendicular to the hole structures in the resonator's inductor wire, whose kinetic inductance is modified by wirelessly induced DC supercurrents. A continuous in situ frequency tuning of over 300 MHz is achieved for a 10 GHz resonator with a moderate magnetic field of 1.2 mT. The planar resonator design and the noncontact tuning scheme greatly ease the fabrication complexity and can be widely applied in many hybrid systems for coupling microwave modes with other forms of excitations such as optical photons, phonons, magnons, and spins.
Optimizing Multinomial Logit Profit Functions (1996)

The multinomial logit model is a standard approach for determining the probability of purchase in product line problems. When the purchase probabilities are multiplied by product contribution margins, the resulting profit function is generally nonconcave. Because of this, standard nonlinear search procedures may terminate at a local optimum which is far from the global optimum. We present a simple procedure designed to alleviate this problem. The key idea of this procedure is to find a “path” of prices from the global optimum of a related, but concave logit profit function, to the global optimum of the true (but nonconcave) logit profit function.
A Fault Diagnosis Method for Rotating Machinery Based on PCA and Morlet Kernel SVM (2014)

A novel method to solve the rotating machinery fault diagnosis problem is proposed, which is based on principal components analysis (PCA) to extract the characteristic features and the Morlet kernel support vector machine (MSVM) to achieve the fault classification. Firstly, the gathered vibration signals were decomposed by the empirical mode decomposition (EMD) to obtain the corresponding intrinsic mode function (IMF). The EMD energy entropy that includes dominant fault information is defined as the characteristic features. However, the extracted features remained high‐dimensional, and excessive redundant information still existed. So, the PCA is introduced to extract the characteristic features and reduce the dimension. The characteristic features are input into the MSVM to train and construct the running state identification model; the rotating machinery running state identification is realized. The running states of a bearing normal inner race and several inner races with different degree of fault were recognized; the results validate the effectiveness of the proposed algorithm.
Natural Language Processing (NLP) – A Solution for Knowledge Extraction from Patent Unstructured Data (2015)

Patents are valuable source of knowledge and are extremely important for assisting engineers and decisions makers through the inventive process. This paper describes a new approach of automatic extraction of IDM (Inventive Design Method) related knowledge from patent documents. IDM derives from TRIZ, the theory of Inventive problem solving, which is largely based on patent's observation to theorize the act of inventing. Our method mainly consists in using natural language techniques (NLP) to match and extract knowledge relevant to IDM Ontology. The purpose of this paper is to investigate on the contribution of NLP techniques to effective knowledge extraction from patent documents. We propose in this paper to firstly report on progress made so far in data mining before describing our approach.
Overexpression of the<i>Candida albicans ALA1</i>Gene in<i>Saccharomyces cerevisiae</i>Results in Aggregation following Attachment of Yeast Cells to Extracellular Matrix Proteins, Adherence Properties Similar to Those of<i>Candida albicans</i> (1999)

Candida albicans maintains a commensal relationship with human hosts, probably by adhering to mucosal tissue in a variety of physiological conditions. We show that adherence due to the C. albicans gene ALA1 when transformed into Saccharomyces cerevisiae, is comprised of two sequential steps. Initially, C. albicans rapidly attaches to extracellular matrix (ECM) protein-coated magnetic beads in small numbers (the attachment phase). This is followed by a relatively slower step in which cell-to-cell interactions predominate (the aggregation phase). Neither of these phases is observed in S. cerevisiae. However, expression of the C. albicans ALA1 gene from a low-copy vector causes S. cerevisiae transformants to attach to ECM-coated magnetic beads without appreciable aggregation. Expression of ALA1 from a high-copy vector results in both attachment and aggregation. Moreover, transcriptional fusion of ALA1 with the galactose-inducible promoters GALS, GALL, and GAL1, allowing for low, moderate, and high levels of inducible transcription, respectively, causes attachment and aggregation that correlates with the strength of the GAL promoter. The adherence of C. albicans and S. cerevisiae overexpressing ALA1 to a number of protein ligands occurs over a broad pH range, is resistant to shear forces generated by vortexing, and is unaffected by the presence of sugars, high salt levels, free ligands, or detergents. Adherence is, however, inhibited by agents that disrupt hydrogen bonds. The similarities in the adherence and aggregation properties of C. albicans and S. cerevisiae overexpressing ALA1 suggest a role in adherence and aggregation for ALA1 and ALA1-like genes in C. albicans.
Computerized nailfold video capillaroscopy--a new tool for assessment of Raynaud's phenomenon. (2005)

The key feature of the newly developed system is that it improves reproducibility of nailfold capillary measurements by allowing reidentification of the same capillaries by different observers. By allowing access to previous measurements, the new system should improve reliability in longitudinal studies, and therefore has the potential of being a valuable outcome measure of microvessel disease/involvement in clinical trials of scleroderma spectrum disorders.
Porous nano-MnO<sub>2</sub>: large scale synthesis via a facile quick-redox procedure and application in a supercapacitor (2010)

A new type of porous nano-MnO2 for supercapacitors has been synthesized for the first time by a facile sonochemistry route from a quick-redox reaction between KMnO4 and D-glucose. The crystal structure, morphology and chemical composition of the MnO2 product were investigated by X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS). The results show that the porous MnO2 nanoparticles in the range 20–50 nm are interestingly composed of nanorods with diameters of about 2 nm and lengths of 4–8 nm. A possible growth mechanism of this nanostructure has been identified based on the experimental results. The electrochemical properties of the porous MnO2 were investigated in a symmetric capacitor cell using both 1 M Na2SO4 and 9 M KOH aqueous solutions. The results indicate that the MnO2 electrodes have a good capacitive performance in both cases.
Human peripheral blood mononuclear cells produce IgA anti-influenza virus antibody in a secondary in vitro antibody response. (1985)

The function and immunoregulation of human IgA memory B cells producing anti-influenza virus antibody was analyzed in vitro in antigen-stimulated cultures. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) from seven of eight normal adult volunteers naturally immunized to influenza virus produced IgA anti-influenza virus antibody when stimulated in vitro with inactivated A/Aichi/68 [H3N2] influenza virus. This IgA antibody response was approximately one-eighth the IgG antibody response. PBMC from each of five patients with selective IgA deficiency failed to produce any measurable IgA antibody. When tonsillar mononuclear cells (TMC) were studied in a similar manner, a relatively higher IgA antibody response was obtained (one-third the IgG antibody) than with PBMC. Additional studies were undertaken to investigate the immunoregulation of this IgA antibody production and the relatively lower amount produced by PBMC than by TMC. Co-cultures of peripheral blood B cells with irradiated peripheral blood T cells (to possibly inactivate a radiosensitive IgA suppressor cell) did not result in a relative increase in IgA antibody production. Also, co-cultures of B cells with increasing numbers of T cells produced parallel increases of IgG and IgA antibody when plotted on a log scale with slopes of approximately 1, suggesting that a single helper T cell was limiting for both isotypes. Finally, pokeweed mitogen-stimulated co-cultures of peripheral blood and tonsillar B and T cells revealed that the B cell population, but not the T cell population, determined the amount of IgA anti-influenza virus antibody produced. Precursor frequency analyses of tonsillar and peripheral blood B cells in antigen-stimulated cultures confirmed that tonsils contained a higher precursor frequency of B cells for IgA anti-influenza virus antibody production (3.95/10(6) B cells) than did peripheral blood B cells (0.65/10(6) B cells). Thus, IgA memory cells are preferentially found in tonsillar tissue as compared with the peripheral blood, consistent with the role of the tonsils as a mucosal immune organ.
Roles of the highly conserved aspartate and lysine residues in the response regulator of bacterial chemotaxis (1991)

The chemotactic responses of bacteria such as Escherichia coli and Salmonella typhimurium are mediated by phosphorylation of the CheY protein. Phospho-CheY interacts with the flagellar motor switch to cause tumbly behavior. CheY belongs to a large family of phosphorylated response regulators that function in bacteria to control motility and regulate gene expression. Residues corresponding to Asp57, Asp13, and Lys109 in CheY are highly conserved among all of these proteins. The site of phosphorylation in CheY is Asp57, and in the three-dimensional structure of CheY the Asp57 carboxylate side chain is in close proximity to the beta-carboxylate of Asp13 and the epsilon-amin of Lys109. To further examine the roles of these residues in response regulator function, each has been mutated to a conservative substitution. Asn for Asp and Arg for Lys. All mutations abolished CheY function in vivo. Whereas the Asp to Asn mutations dramatically reduced levels of CheY phosphorylation, the Lys to Arg mutation had the opposite effect. The high level of phosphorylation in the Lys109 mutant results from a decreased autophosphatase activity as well as a lack of phosphatase stimulation by the phosphatase activating protein, CheZ. Despite its high level of phosphorylation, the Lys109 mutant protein cannot produce tumbly behavior. Thus, Lys109 is required for an event subsequent to phosphorylation. We propose that an interaction between the epsilon-amino of Lys109 and the phosphoryl group at Asp57 is essential for the conformational switch that leads to activation of CheY.
Energy-theft detection issues for advanced metering infrastructure in smart grid (2014)

With the proliferation of smart grid research, the Advanced Metering Infrastructure (AMI) has become the first ubiquitous and fixed computing platform. However, due to the unique characteristics of AMI, such as complex network structure, resource-constrained smart meter, and privacy-sensitive data, it is an especially challenging issue to make AMI secure. Energy theft is one of the most important concerns related to the smart grid implementation. It is estimated that utility companies lose more than $25 billion every year due to energy theft around the world. To address this challenge, in this paper, we discuss the background of AMI and identify major security requirements that AMI should meet. Specifically, an attack tree based threat model is first presented to illustrate the energy-theft behaviors in AMI. Then, we summarize the current AMI energy-theft detection schemes into three categories, i.e., classification-based, state estimation-based, and game theory-based ones, and make extensive comparisons and discussions on them. In order to provide a deep understanding of security vulnerabilities and solutions in AMI and shed light on future research directions, we also explore some open challenges and potential solutions for energy-theft detection.
Optimization of Chemical Processes (1987)

I Problem Formulation 1 The Nature and Organization of Optimization Problems 2 Developing Models for Optimization 3 Formulation of the Objective Function II Optimization Theory and Methods 4 Basic Concepts of Optimization 5 Optimization for Unconstrained Functions: One- Dimensional Search 6 Unconstrained Multivariable Optimization 7 Linear Programming and Applications 8 Nonlinear Programming with Constraints 9 Mixed-Integer Programming 10 Global Optimization for Problems Containing Continuous and Discrete Variables IIIApplications of Optimization 11 Heat Transfer and Energy Conservation 12 Separation Processes 13 Fluid Flow Systems 14 Chemical Reactor Design and Operation 15 Optimization in Large-Scale Plant Design and Operations 16 Integrated Planning, Scheduling, and Control in the Process Industries Appendixes
Rotational Moulding of Plastics (1990)

Rotational moulding has been available as a processing method for plastics for about 30 years. However, it is only within the last decade that substantial developments have started to take place so that the process can now be competitive with injection moulding and blow moulding for the production of complex shapes. This paper reviews the current state-of-the-art and highlights the aspects of rotational moulding which are relevant to moulders and designers. The text is aimed particularly at those who may be unfamiliar with the process.
A Review of Current Neuromorphic Approaches for Vision, Auditory, and Olfactory Sensors (2016)

Conventional vision, auditory, and olfactory sensors generate large volumes of redundant data and as a result tend to consume excessive power. To address these shortcomings, neuromorphic sensors have been developed. These sensors mimic the neuro-biological architecture of sensory organs using aVLSI (analog Very Large Scale Integration) and generate asynchronous spiking output that represents sensing information in ways that are similar to neural signals. This allows for much lower power consumption due to an ability to extract useful sensory information from sparse captured data. The foundation for research in neuromorphic sensors was laid more than two decades ago, but recent developments in understanding of biological sensing and advanced electronics, have stimulated research on sophisticated neuromorphic sensors that provide numerous advantages over conventional sensors. In this paper, we review the current state-of-the-art in neuromorphic implementation of vision, auditory, and olfactory sensors and identify key contributions across these fields. Bringing together these key contributions we suggest a future research direction for further development of the neuromorphic sensing field.
SO[sub 2]generation process can double refinery Claus unit capacity (1993)

Brown and Root Braun has modified and applied its sulfur dioxide (SO[sub 2]) generation process-now in commercial operation at a Texas chemical plant-to fit the unique requirements of oxygen-fired sulfur plants. The new adaptation provides all the benefits of SO[sub 2] quench, with favorable economics. It can be used to double existing sulfur capacity in a refinery, or to provide redundancy, as required by some regulatory agencies. The paper describes the NoTICE process (No Tie In Claus Expansion), the SO[sub 2] generator, Claus integration, oxygen supply and demand, oxygen consumption, the sulfur plant, economics, and built-in redundancy required by permitting authorities.
Reducing the Coefficient of Thermal Expansion of Polyimide Films in Microelectronics Processing Using ZnS Particles at Low Concentrations (2018)

We report a reduction in the coefficient of thermal expansion (CTE) of polyimide (PI) film in microelectronics processing by using ZnS particles as nanofillers. To prevent agglomeration of ZnS particles, the surfaces of ZnS particles were modified with the (3-mercaptopropyl)trimethoxysilane, creating surface hydroxyl groups. For means of comparison, SiO2 and ZrW2O8 particles that have widely been studied as fillers for various polymer films were also synthesized. The CTE measurements showed that the ZnS particles produced PI nanocomposite film with a much lower CTE than either SiO2 or ZrW2O8 particles at the same concentration. In particular, the surface-modified ZnS particles showed the lowest CTE (13 ppm/K) at 15 wt %, which is comparable to the largest percentage decrease (70%) in CTE from the bare-PI film to date at a much lower particle concentration. To rationalize the significant reduction in CTE with the surface-modified ZnS particles, we considered the intrinsic CTE and thermal conductivity, thermoluminescence property, interfacial area, and dispersion state of ZnS particles, and found that the intrinsic thermal conductivity and dispersion state of ZnS particles were mainly responsible for the reduction in CTE at low particle concentration. Finally, we demonstrated that the optical and mechanical properties of the PI nanocomposite films containing surface-modified ZnS particles at 15 wt % were comparable to those of the bare-PI film.
Stable transformation of cassava (Manihot esculenta Crantz) by particle bombardment and by Agrobacterium (1997)

International audience
Conscious sedation by rectal administration of midazolam or midazolam plus ketamine as alternatives to general anesthesia for dental treatment of uncooperative children (1994)

The trial included 24 children (aged 2-7 yr) referred for dental treatment under general anesthesia, since conventional behavioral management methods had failed to achieve treatment acceptance. As an alternative, they received, on two separate occasions with "identical" dental treatment, conscious sedation by rectal administration of either midazolam (0.3 mg/kg body weight (bwt)) or midazolam (0.3 mg/kg bwt) plus ketamine (1.0 mg/kg bwt). This allowed a double-blind, crossover design. The aims were to assess conscious sedation, combined with local anesthesia, as an alternative to general anesthesia, and further to evaluate the effects obtained by addition of a low dose of ketamine to rectally administered midazolam. The feasibility of dental treatment was rated as excellent or good for 16 of the 24 children when premedicated with midazolam, and for 18 of the 24 children when ketamine was added to midazolam. At least some treatment could be given to all children. Verbal contact was maintained with all children throughout both treatment sessions. The children were significantly less anxious when they arrived for the second session. Amnesia and drowsiness were significantly increased when ketamine was added to midazolam. The combination also tended to be more efficient in relief of anxiety and prevention of pain, but there were large variations in the children's responses to the drugs. Midazolam significantly reduced the blood oxygen level, but not with ketamine added. For most children, both regimens proved to be appropriate as alternatives to general anesthesia.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Continuous-time envelope constrained filter design with input uncertainty (2000)

In envelope constrained (EC) filter design, the effect of input noise is minimized subject to the constraint that the filter's response to a specified signal fits into a prescribed envelope. It is always the case that the response of the optimal EC filter touches the output envelope, at some instances. Consequently, any disturbance in the prescribed input or implementation error could violate the output constraints. In an EC-filtering problem with uncertain input (ECUI), the set of possible inputs and the set of permissible outputs are defined by envelopes or masks. The objective is to design the filter to minimize the noise enhancement, while satisfying the constraint that every signal in the input envelope evokes a response, which stays in the output envelope. This paper formulates the ECUI for analog filters, and presents a number of key results, which enable this problem to be solved.
Towards a demand-side smart domestic electrical energy management system (2013)

Energy conservation concerns call for end-users to regulate their electrical consumption and help achieve a balance between the available energy supply and demand. Therefore there is a need for rigorous research into smart home energy management systems that could assist the end-user in achieving this goal. This paper addresses the issue of electrical energy conservation in the home through the adoption of smart technologies (one instantiation of smart technologies). Smart objects are everyday artefacts augmented with sensing, processing and networking capabilities that enable them not only to communicate with people and other smart objects, but also discover where they are and what objects are in the vicinity. The smart home, on the other hand, is an automated home equipped with smart objects and a home network that is able to transport information between the objects and the Internet. This research focusses on the design and implementation of a smart home energy management system that integrates smart technologies such as the smart phone, cloud, wireless, web server and motes. The research analyses literature on existing smart home energy systems and technologies and draws lessons from the analysis on how the proposed architecture should be structured. When completed this system will allow the end-user to switch single or group of appliances by means of an Android-based smart phone, be they within their home or at a remote location. In emergencies, an authorised authority such as the municipality could potentially control electrical appliances in a whole neighbourhood.
A GNC Algorithm for Deblurring Images with Interacting Discontinuities (2002)

In this paper we present a Graduated Non-Convexity (GNC) algorithm for reconstructing images. We assume that the data images are blurred and corrupted by white Gaussian noise. Geometric features of discontinuities are introduced in the model and the problem is formulated as the minimization of a non-convex function. We give a convex approximation of such a function and a family of approximating functions. Moreover, to analize the convex approximation, we prove an alternative duality theorem to implicitly treat discontinuities of images. The experimental results are more satisfactory than those obtained by some standard algorithms.