gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Error Correction and Quantitative Subanalysis of Optical Coherence Tomography Data Using Computer-Assisted Grading (2007)

Manual identification of the inner and outer retinal boundaries on OCT scans can produce retinal thickness measurements consistent with those derived from the automated StratusOCT analysis. Computer-assisted OCT grading may be useful for correcting thickness measurements in cases with errors of automated retinal boundary detection and may be useful for quantitative subanalysis of clinically relevant features, such as subretinal fluid volume or pigment epithelial detachment volume.
Gastric antisecretory 9H-xanthen-9-amines (1983)

A series of 9H-xanthen-9-amines possessing a wide variety of nitrogen substituents at C-9 was prepared for evaluation of gastric antisecretory activity. These substituents included the acetamidine, imidate, pyrimidine, thiazoline, quinuclidine, 2-hydrazinopyridine, aminopiperidine, aminoalkylimidazole, and aminoalkylpyridine moieties. The majority of compounds in this series inhibited gastric acid secretion when tested orally in the pylorus-ligated rat. Potency was increased by intraduodenal administration and diminished by incubation with gastric juice, suggesting partial degradation of the compounds in the gastric environment. A representative example, 3-(9H-xanthen-9-ylamino)-1-ethylpiperidine, exhibited similar activity in dogs, although no free compound could be detected in the blood. It is therefore hypothesized that this compound is either rapidly bound to tissue and/or metabolized to an active species.
On-Line Detection of Friction Stir Welded Joints by High Temperature Phased Array Ultrasonic Inspection and Control of Weld Process Parameters (2017)

Non-Destructive Evaluation (NDE) of welded structures is essential in industry and manufacturing sectors. However, NDE techniques are limited when applied at high temperatures, which prevents usefulness for on-line real time inspection of welded joints. In this work, a high temperature (HT) inspection system was created utilizing Phased Array Ultrasonic Testing (PAUT), and tested on Friction Stir (FS) welded aluminum alloy joints. The system created in this work proves HT-PAUT is capable of determining defects during the welding process. Supplementing this work, a custom defect detection software was created to analyze S-Scan data to interpret when and where a defect occurs to provide defect indicator signals. These defect signals can be utilized for controlling the FSW process parameters to automatically correct if a defect is observed. The technology developed can be utilized as a platform for future automated welding processes and control for creating the next generation weld-NDE systems.
A novel dexterous instrument tracking system for augmented reality cataract surgery training system (2016)

Cataract surgery is one of the most common operations performed worldwide. Therefore, the computer aided training system is important to reduce the risk resulted from an inexperience surgery performance. We introduced a novel optical tracking method for the surgical instrument in a cataract surgery training system, which is equipped with infrared cameras on top of and inside the eye model. Our system is suitable for augmented reality training environment and allowed trainees to manipulate with a real surgical tool. Also, our system used only 2 cameras for tracking and provided high resolution on the tip of the surgical tool.
Hydrocracking of carbohydrates (1989)

A homogeneous process for hydrocracking of carbohydrates in the presence of soluble transition metal hydrogenation catalyst with the production of lower polyhydric alcohols. A carbohydrate is contacted with hydrogen in the presence of a soluble transition metal catalyst and a strong base at a temperature of from about 25{degree}C to about 200{degree}C and a pressure of from about 15 to about 3000 psi. 2 tabs.
Growth of AlGaN containing nanometer scale compositional inhomogeneities for ultraviolet light emitters (2011)

The incorporation of nanometer scale compositional inhomogeneities in AlGaN has a great promise for improving the performance of UV light emitting diodes based on these materials by suppressing nonradiative recombination associated with dislocations. In this article, the authors report on the growth and characterization of AlGaN containing nanometer scale compositional inhomogeneity (NCI-AlGaN) alloys deposited by plasma-assisted molecular beam epitaxy. Growth under N-limited and nearly stoichiometric growth is observed to enhance the photoluminescence intensity in AlGaN alloys by promoting the spontaneous formation of these NCI regions. This is attributed to the lower adatom mobility of group III and N species on the AlGaN layer surface under these conditions as well as the formation of beneficial surface faceting.
Two-dimensional round-robin schedulers for packet switches with multiple input queues (1994)

Presents a new scheduler, the two-dimensional round-robin (2DRR) scheduler, that provides high throughput and fair access in a packet switch that uses multiple input queues. We consider an architecture in which each input port maintains a separate queue for each output. In an N/spl times/N switch, our scheduler determines which of the queues in the total of N/sup 2/ input queues are served during each time slot. We demonstrate the fairness properties of the 2DRR scheduler and compare its performance with that of the input and output queueing configurations, showing that our scheme achieves the same saturation throughput as output queueing. The 2DRR scheduler can be implemented using simple logic components, thereby allowing a very high-speed implementation.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Synthesis of Aligned Arrays of Millimeter Long, Straight Single-Walled Carbon Nanotubes (2004)

In this work, we demonstrate the synthesis of arrays of 1.5 mm long, aligned, straight single-walled nanotubes fabricated using a single furnace with methane and H2 as the feedstock. The growth of the nanotubes was terminated only by the presence of a neighboring catalyst site.
New cystoscopic diagnosis for interstitial cystitis/painful bladder syndrome using narrow‐band imaging system (2008)

Examining the urinary bladder mucosa with a flexible cystoscope with the NBI system makes it possible to easily detect ulcers of bladder mucosa and areas with angiogenesis. Therefore, it is considered that the use of a flexible cystoscope with the NBI system is highly practical for the IC/PBS diagnosis.
Open Metal Sites within Isostructural Metal–Organic Frameworks for Differential Recognition of Acetylene and Extraordinarily High Acetylene Storage Capacity at Room Temperature (2010)

On the metal: Open metal sites within isostructural [M2(DHTP)] metal–organic frameworks (M=Co2+, Mn2+, Mg2+, and Zn2+; DHTP=2,5-dihydroxyterephthalate) exhibit differential molecular recognition with acetylene. The extremely strong interaction of Co2+ with acetylene (see structure) makes [Co2(DHTP)] the highest volumetric acetylene storage material with a capacity of 230 cm3 cm−3 at 295 K and 1 atm.
Human chronic lymphocytic leukemia modeled in mouse by targeted<i>TCL1</i>expression (2002)

The TCL1 gene at 14q32.1 is involved in chromosomal translocations and inversions in mature T cell leukemias. These leukemias are classified either as T prolymphocytic leukemias, which occur very late in life, or as T chronic lymphocytic leukemias, which often arise in patients with ataxia telangiectasia (AT) at a young age. In transgenic animals, the deregulated expression of TCL1 leads to mature T cell leukemia, demonstrating the role of TCL1 in the initiation of malignant transformation in T cell neoplasia. Expression of high levels of Tcl1 have also been found in a variety of human tumor-derived B cell lines ranging from pre-B cell to mature B cell. Here we describe the phenotype of transgenic mice, E mu-TCL1, established with TCL1 under the control of a V(H) promoter-Ig(H)-E mu enhancer to target TCL1 expression to immature and mature B cells. Flow cytometric analysis reveals a markedly expanded CD5(+) population in the peritoneal cavity of E mu-TCL1 mice starting at 2 mo of age that becomes evident in the spleen by 3-5 mo and in the bone marrow by 5-8 mo. Analysis of Ig gene rearrangements indicates monoclonality or oligoclonality in these populations, suggesting a preneoplastic expansion of CD5(+) B cell clones, with the elder mice eventually developing a chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL)-like disorder resembling human B-CLL. Our findings provide an animal model for CLL, the most common human leukemia, and demonstrate that deregulation of the Tcl1 pathway plays a crucial role in CLL pathogenesis.
ViBE: A powerful random technique to estimate the background in video sequences (2009)

Background subtraction is a crucial step in many automatic video content analysis applications. While numerous acceptable techniques have been proposed so far for background extraction, there is still a need to produce more efficient algorithms in terms of adaptability to multiple environments, noise resilience, and computation efficiency. In this paper, we present a powerful method for background extraction that improves in accuracy and reduces the computational load. The main innovation concerns the use of a random policy to select values to build a samples-based estimation of the background. To our knowledge, it is the first time that a random aggregation is used in the field of background extraction. In addition we propose a novel policy that propagates information between neighboring pixels of an image. Experiment detailed in this paper show how our method improves on other widely used techniques, and how it outperforms these techniques for noisy images.
Ligand enhanced upconversion of near-infrared photons with nanocrystal light absorbers (2016)

We designed and synthesized a tetracene derivative 4-(tetracen-5-yl)benzoic acid (<b>CPT</b>) as a transmitter ligand used in PbS/PbSe nanocrystal (NC) sensitized upconversion of near infrared (NIR) photons. Under optimal conditions, comparing <b>CPT</b> functionalized NCs with unfunctionalized NCs as sensitizers, the upconversion quantum yield (QY) was enhanced 81 times for 2.9 nm PbS NCs from 0.021% to 1.7%, and 11 times for 2.5 nm PbSe NCs from 0.20% to 2.1%. The surface density of <b>CPT</b> controls the solubility of functionalized NCs and the upconversion QY. By increasing the concentration of <b>CPT</b> in the ligand exchange solution, the number of <b>CPT</b> ligand per NC increases. The upconversion QY is maximized at a transmitter density of 1.2 nm<sup>-2</sup> for 2.9 nm PbS, and 0.32 nm<sup>-2</sup> for 2.5 nm PbSe. Additional transmitter ligands inhibit photon upconversion due to triplet-triplet annihilation (TTA) between two neighboring <b>CPT</b> molecules on the NC surface. 2.1% is the highest reported QY for TTA-based photon upconversion in the NIR with the use of earth-abundant materials.
Perovskite Photodetectors Operating in Both Narrowband and Broadband Regimes (2016)

Photodetectors are designed, which operate in the broadband regime upon bottom illumination (from the indium tin oxide (ITO) side) and in the narrowband regime upon top illumination (from the air/perovskite side). The narrowband photodetectors show high external quantum efficiency of above 10<sup>4</sup> %. The operational spectrum of the photodetectors can also be tuned by adjusting the halide composition in the active material.
Door breaching robotic manipulator (2008)

As unmanned systems become more commonplace in military, police, and other security forces, they are tasked to perform missions that the original hardware was not designed for. Current military robots are built for rough outdoor conditions and have strong inflexible manipulators designed to handle a wide range of operations. However, these manipulators are not well suited for some essential indoor tasks, including opening doors. This is a complicated kinematic task that places prohibitively difficult control challenges on the robot and the operator. Honeybee and iRobot have designed a modular door-breaching manipulator that mechanically simplifies the demands upon operator and robot. The manipulator connects to the existing robotic arm of the iRobot PackBot EOD. The gripper is optimized for grasping a variety of door knobs, levers, and car-door handles. It works in conjunction with a compliant wrist and magnetic lock-out mechanism that allows the wrist to remain rigid until the gripper has a firm grasp of the handle and then bend with its rotation and the swing of the door. Once the door is unlatched, the operator simply drives the robot through the doorway while the wrist compensates for the complex, multiple degree-of-freedom motion of the door. Once in the doorway the operator releases the handle, the wrist pops back into place, and the robot is ready for the next door. The new manipulator dramatically improves a robot's ability to non-destructively breach doors and perform an inspection of a room's content, a capability that was previously out of reach of unmanned systems.
The pncA gene from naturally pyrazinamide-resistant Mycobacterium avium encodes pyrazinamidase and confers pyrazinamide susceptibility to resistant M. tuberculosis complex organisms (1997)

The antituberculosis drug pyrazinamide (PZA) needs to be converted into pyrazinoic acid (POA) by the bacterial pyrazinamidase (PZase) in order to show bactericidal activity against Mycobacterium tuberculosis. M. avium is naturally resistant to PZA. To investigate whether this natural resistance to PZA is due to inability of the M. avium PZase to convert PZA to bactericidal POA, the M. avium PZase gene (pncA) was cloned by using the M. tuberculosis pncA gene as a probe. Sequence analysis showed that the M. avium pncA gene is 561 bp long, encoding a protein with a predicted size of about 19.8 kDa; but Western blotting showed that the M. avium PZase migrated as a 24 kDa band when expressed in M. bovis BCG and Escherichia coli. Sequence comparison revealed that M. avium PZase has 67.7% and 32.8% amino acid identity with the corresponding enzymes from M. tuberculosis and E. coli, respectively. Southern blot analysis with the M. avium pncA gene as a probe showed that M. terrae, M. gastri, M. marinum, M. fortuitum, M. xenopi, M. gordonae, M. szulgai, M. celatum and M. kansasii have close pncA homologues, whereas M. chelonae and M. smegmatis did not give significant hybridization signals. Transformation with the M. avium pncA gene conferred PZA susceptibility to PZA-resistant M. tuberculosis complex organisms, indicating that the nonsusceptibility of M. avium to PZA is not due to an ineffective PZase enzyme, but appears to be related to other factors such as transport of POA.
Carbon dioxide capture in the presence of water by an amine-based crosslinked porous polymer (2018)

A new cross-linked porous polymer was synthesized and its performance in the capture of carbon dioxide from a ternary gas mixture was demonstrated, and properties retained for over 45 cycles. This report represents one of the top performing porous organic materials for carbon capture.
Cryogenic Aluminum-Wound Generator Rotor Concept (1985)

Abstract : The outline of a design for a liquid hydrogen cooled generator rotor that could be used to fabricate a 20 megawatt cryogenic generator is presented. The armature of an existing 20 megawatt superconducting generator could be utilized in this new cryogenic generator concept without electrical modification and with minimum modification to its housing. A hydrogen cooled aluminum rotor would eliminate requirements for helium liquefiers/refrigerators, expensive superconductors and extra vacuum and magnetic shielding in superconducting generator rotors. Ideally the aluminum rotor could utilize the higher cryogenic temperatures of liquid hydrogen at 21K as conductor coolant and not require the fabrication techniques of n superconducting generator rotor. A most likely conductor candidate is high purity aluminum which has 1/500th its room temperature resistance at liquid hydrogen temperatures. Recent research has indicated the feasibility of fabricating high-purity aluminum conductors in a composite conductor form.
Tunable Vapor-Condensed Nanolenses (2014)

Nanostructured optical components, such as nanolenses, direct light at subwavelength scales to enable, among others, high-resolution lithography, miniaturization of photonic circuits, and nanoscopic imaging of biostructures. A major challenge in fabricating nanolenses is the appropriate positioning of the lens with respect to the sample while simultaneously ensuring it adopts the optimal size and shape for the intended use. One application of particular interest is the enhancement of contrast and signal-to-noise ratio in the imaging of nanoscale objects, especially over wide fields-of-view (FOVs), which typically come with limited resolution and sensitivity for imaging nano-objects. Here we present a self-assembly method for fabricating time- and temperature-tunable nanolenses based on the condensation of a polymeric liquid around a nanoparticle, which we apply to the high-throughput on-chip detection of spheroids smaller than 40 nm, rod-shaped particles with diameter smaller than 20 nm, and biofunctionalized nanoparticles, all across an ultralarge FOV of >20 mm(2). Previous nanoparticle imaging efforts across similar FOVs have detected spheroids no smaller than 100 nm, and therefore our results demonstrate the detection of particles >15-fold smaller in volume, which in free space have >240 times weaker Rayleigh scattering compared to the particle sizes detected in earlier wide-field imaging work. This entire platform, with its tunable nanolens condensation and wide-field imaging functions, is also miniaturized into a cost-effective and portable device, which might be especially important for field use, mobile sensing, and diagnostics applications, including, for example, the measurement of viral load in bodily fluids.
A neural network-based speed filter for induction motors: Adapting to motor load changes (2003)

Effective sensorless speed estimation is desirable for both online condition monitoring of induction motor and sensorless adjustable speed AC drive applications. In this paper we present a neural network-based sensorless adaptive speed filter for induction motors. Only nameplate information and the actual motor currents and voltages are required for the initial setup of the proposed neural network-based speed filter. The speed filter gives acceptable steady state and transient speed response. The paper demonstrates the feasibility of adaptive speed filtering for induction motor which could be used for both diagnosis and control purposes.
Directed differentiation of human pluripotent stem cells to blood-brain barrier endothelial cells (2017)

The blood-brain barrier (BBB) is composed of specialized endothelial cells that are critical to neurological health. A key tool for understanding human BBB development and its role in neurological disease is a reliable and scalable source of functional brain microvascular endothelial cells (BMECs). Human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs) can theoretically generate unlimited quantities of any cell lineage in vitro, including BMECs, for disease modeling, drug screening, and cell-based therapies. We demonstrate a facile, chemically defined method to differentiate hPSCs to BMECs in a developmentally relevant progression via small-molecule activation of key signaling pathways. hPSCs are first induced to mesoderm commitment by activating canonical Wnt signaling. Next, these mesoderm precursors progress to endothelial progenitors, and treatment with retinoic acid leads to acquisition of BBB-specific markers and phenotypes. hPSC-derived BMECs generated via this protocol exhibit endothelial properties, including tube formation and low-density lipoprotein uptake, as well as efflux transporter activities characteristic of BMECs. Notably, these cells exhibit high transendothelial electrical resistance above 3000 ohm·cm<sup>2</sup>. These hPSC-derived BMECs serve as a robust human in vitro BBB model that can be used to study brain disease and inform therapeutic development.
Crystalline Features of Bacterial Cellulose Altered by Chemical Agents during Biosynthesis (1998)

Bacterial cellulose consists offlat ribbon-shaped microfibrils. Each ribbon usually has a size of approximately 100 nm wide and 3 to 8 nm thick, and thought to be composed of a number of sub-elementary units. The loci of the biosynthesis of these sub-fibrils are found on the outer surface of bacterium as a linearly ordered array ofputative synthases, Terminal Complexes. Each TC produces nanomfter size sub-elements, and every three elements are thought to be crystallized into a microfibril by hydrogen bonding. Several microfibrils are even~ually aggregated into one single ribbon that can be observed by conventional electron microscopy. These ribbons are not reassembled into the secondary structure nor embedded in encrusting compounds as in the higher plant cell walls. This microfibrillar nature of bacterial cellulose brings a number of superior characteristics, and one of the good example would be the successful application as an acoustic diaphragm with high Young's modulus and loss tangent. Improvement of the physical properties of such materials is of great importance as it is directly connected to the structure of cellulose and in this sense one of the most interesting approach is to increase the size .of microfibrils. Obviously, for instance, the wider the microfibril dimension becomes the better elastic moduli would result.· Recently, Ishihara and Yamanaka l ) found that the addition ofseveral reagents induced the modification ofcell morphology ofbacteria. Two chemicals were found to elongate cells by inhibiting the separation after the cell division. Another reagent, a reducing agent, effectively shortened the cell on the contrary. In this study, therefore, the changes of microfibrillar morphology induced by such chemical reagents were investigated. Microfibrils were observed by electron microscopy after mild homogenization of the
A New Electron-Optical Mode for High Contrast Imaging and Online Stereo Observation in TEM (1996)

We describe a new electron-optical configuration for transmission electron microscopy (TEM). In this novel mode, the objective mini-lens is strongly excited so that the back focal plane of the objective lens is imaged onto the plane of the selected-area aperture with a magnification of 3.2. Thus, the selected-area aperture can function as an objective aperture either in place of or in addition to the conventional objective aperture. This new configuration, which has been implemented on a JEOL 4000EX high voltage electron microscope, provides improved resolution and contrast in images of thick biological specimens and also facilitates the use of beam tilt for stereo image acquisition.