gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Multisensor fusion using homotopy particle filter (2015)

Homotopy particle filters (HPFs), recently developed by Daum and Huang [1], present an alternative nonlinear filtering approach to sampling-based particle filters. Homotopy filters perform information update using the flow of particles to regions with high measurement likelihood. The particle flows in HPFs are solutions to a Fokker-Plank equation governing the dynamics of the posterior density function. The resulting partial differential equation is highly under-determined and has many solutions. In this work we study the nonzero-diffusion flow, and show its advantage in multisensor fusion. The nonzero-diffusion flow was chosen because it has the form of an information filter (inverse-covariance filter), and this feature makes it suitable for integration of measurement contributions from different sensors. The effectiveness of the HPF with nonzero diffusion flow as a fusion mechanism was evaluated for tracking a moving target using multiple range and bearing sensors. It is shown that the HPF requires several orders of magnitude fewer particles than a sampling-based particle filter, without loss in state estimator performance.
Out-of-plane microlens array fabricated using ultraviolet lithography (2005)

This letter describes a three-dimensional ultraviolet-lithography (UV-lithography) process for fabricating an out-of-plane microlens array that can be prealigned with other optical components in an integrated optical bench or easily integrated into microfluidic devices. This microlens array is fabricated with a unique UV-lithography technique, and the desired surface profiles are obtained from top rows to lower rows. The microlens’ focal lengths, diameters of focal pads, depths of focus, and surface profiles are measured and reported herein. This microlens array can be prealigned with another microlens array or other optical components on the same substrate to obtain a truly integrated free-space optical bench. In addition, the fill factor of this microlens array approaches 100%.
A maximum likelihood approach to correcting transmission errors for joint source-channel decoding of H.264 coded video (2013)

Real time video applications need to handle transmission errors, as retransmissions are impractical. In this paper, we present a novel joint source channel decoding approach for video error correction. Soft-output information is combined with our syntax element-level maximum likelihood framework to effectively extract valid macroblocks from corrupted H.264 slices. Simulation results show that our video error correction strategy provides better visual quality by reducing the size of the concealment region. Our observations indicate an average PSNR improvement of 0.8 dB (QP=36), with peaks above 10 dB, over state-of-the-art error concealment at a bit error rate of 10 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">-3</sup> .
FlowSifter: A counting automata approach to layer 7 field extraction for deep flow inspection (2012)

In this paper, we introduce FlowSifter, a systematic framework for online application protocol field extraction. FlowSifter introduces a new grammar model Counting Regular Grammars (CRG) and a corresponding automata model Counting Automata (CA). The CRG and CA models add counters with update functions and transition guards to regular grammars and finite state automata. These additions give CRGs and CAs the ability to parse and extract fields from context sensitive application protocols. These additions also facilitate fast and stackless approximate parsing of recursive structures. These new grammar models enable FlowSifter to generate optimized Layer 7 field extractors from simple extraction specifications. In our experiments, we compare FlowSifter against both BinPAC and UltraPAC, which are the freely available state of the art field extractors. Our experiments show that when compared to UltraPAC parsers, FlowSifter extractors run 84% faster and use 12% of the memory.
Automatic synthesis of FPGA channel architecture for routability and performance (1994)

This paper considers automatic synthesis of segmented channel architecture of row-based FPGA's so as to achieve maximum routability and performance. The routability of a channel and the performance of the routed nets may have conflicting requirements. For a given number of tracks, very short segments usually enhance routability at the expense of performance. For such a granular segmented channel architecture routing of long nets may require that several short segments be joined together by programming horizontal antifuses. Depending on the antifuse technology, the programmed antifuses can add considerably to the path delays. A channel architecture synthesis algorithm based on simulated annealing has been developed which enhances channel routability and performance. The synthesis algorithm is based on the fact that a strong correlation between the spatial distribution of nets and segments in a channel improves both routability and performance. Excellent results have been obtained for a set of benchmark examples and industrial designs.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
FLOW VISUALIZATION IN EVAPORATING LIQUID DROPS AND MEASUREMENT OF DYNAMIC CONTACT ANGLES AND SPREADING RATE (2001)

A new hybrid optical system, consisting of reflection-refracted shadowgraphy and top-view photography, is used to visualize flow phenomena and simultaneously measure the spreading and instant dynamic contact angle in a volatile-liquid drop on a nontransparent substrate. Thermocapillary convection in the drop, induced by evaporation, and the drop real-time profile data are synchronously recorded by video recording systems. Experimental results obtained from this unique technique clearly reveal that thermocapillary convection strongly affects the spreading process and the characteristics of dynamic contact angle of the drop. Comprehensive information of a sessile drop, including the local contact angle along the periphery, the instability of the three-phase contact line, and the deformation of the drop shape is obtained and analyzed.
Synthesis of Selenium Analogues of the Naturally Occurring Glycosidase Inhibitor Salacinol and Their Evaluation as Glycosidase Inhibitors (2002)

The syntheses of two selenium analogues (10 and 11) of the naturally occurring sulfonium ion, salacinol (3), are described. Salacinol is one of the active principles in the aqueous extracts of Salacia reticulata that are traditionally used in Sri Lanka and India for the treatment of diabetes. The synthetic strategy relies on the nucleophilic attack of a 2,3,5-tri-O-benzyl-1,4-anhydro-4-seleno-D-arabinitol at the least hindered carbon of benzyl- or benzylidene-protected D- or L-erythritol-1,3-cyclic sulfate. The use of 1,1,1,3,3,3-hexafluoro-2-propanol as a solvent in the coupling reaction proves to be beneficial. Enzyme inhibition assays indicate that 10 is a better inhibitor (K(i) = 0.72 mM) of glucoamylase than 3, which has a K(i) value of 1.7 mM. In contrast, 11 showed no significant inhibition of glucoamylase. Compounds 10 and 11 showed no significant inhibition of barley-alpha-amylase or porcine pancreatic-alpha-amylase.
Broadband, Frequency Comb Spectroscopy (2008)

Abstract: A stabilized frequency comb provides a broadband array of highly resolved comb lines. Using a multiheterodyne technique, we measure the amplitude and phase of every comb line, allowing for massively parallel, high-resolution spectroscopy. ©2008 Optical Society of America]
Development of disease‐resistant rice by pathogen‐responsive expression of WRKY45 (2015)

WRKY45 is an important transcription factor in the salicylic acid signalling pathway in rice that mediates chemical-induced resistance against multiple pathogens. Its constitutive overexpression confers extremely strong resistance against Magnaporthe oryzae and Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae to rice, but has adverse effects on agronomic traits. Here, a new strategy to confer rice with strong disease resistance without any negative effects on agronomic traits was established by expressing WRKY45 under the control of pathogen-responsive promoters in combination with a translational enhancer derived from a 5'-untranslated region (UTR) of rice alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH). Rice promoters that responded to M. oryzae and X. oryzae pv. oryzae infections within 24 h were identified, and 2-kb upstream sequences from nine of them were isolated, fused to WRKY45 cDNA with or without the ADH 5'-UTR, and introduced into rice. Although pathogen-responsive promoters alone failed to confer effective disease resistance, the use of the ADH 5'-UTR in combination with them, in particular the PR1b and GST promoters, enhanced disease resistance. Field trials showed that overall, PR1b promoter-driven (with ADH 5'-UTR) lines performed the best and one had agronomic traits comparable to control untransformed rice. Thus, expressing WRKY45 under the control of the PR1b promoter with the ADH 5'-UTR is an excellent strategy to develop disease-resistant rice, and the line established could serve as a mother line for breeding disease-resistant rice.
Cell with cocl/sub 2/ cathode (1985)

A non-aqueous electrochemical cell having an alkali or alkaline earth metal anode, an inorganic electrolyte comprised of an electrolyte salt and sulfur dioxide and a cathode comprised of CoCl/sub 2/.
Growth of High-Quality Ge Epitaxial Layers on Si (100) (2003)

A method of growing high-quality epitaxial Ge layers on a Si(100) substrate is reported. In this method, a 0.8 mum Si0.1Ge0.9 layer was first grown. Due to the large lattice mismatch between this layer and the Si substrate, many dislocations form near the interface and in the lower part of the Si0.1Ge0.9 layer. A 0.8 mum Si0.05Ge0.95 layer and a 1.0 mum top Ge layer were subsequently grown on the Si0.1Ge0.9 layer. The formed interfaces of Si0.05Ge0.95/Si0.1Ge0.9 and Ge/Si0.05Ge0.95 can bend and terminate the upward-propagated dislocations very effectively. The in situ annealing process was also performed for each individual layer. Experimental results show that the dislocation density in the top Ge layer can be greatly reduced, and the surface is very smooth, while the total thickness of the structure is only 2.6 mum.
A −89-dBc IMD3 DAC Sub-System in a 465-MHz BW CT Delta-Sigma ADC Using a Power and Area Efficient Calibration Technique (2017)

This brief presents a power and area efficient way to measure the feedback DAC static mismatch error in a multi-bit continuous-time delta-sigma modulator. By sequentially forcing each DAC element output in the designed scheme, the mismatch errors among DAC elements can be measured digitally using the ADC itself. The measured errors are then corrected using a two-parameter calibration DAC that tracks temperature variations. An ADC test chip is fabricated in 28-nm CMOS process and it demonstrates IMD3 <;-89 dBc with two -9-dBFS tones at 180/190 MHz at room temperature, and 8 dB variation across -10 °C to 120 °C.
Estimating 3D egomotion from perspective image sequence (1990)

The computation of sensor motion from sets of displacement vectors obtained from consecutive pairs of images is discussed. The problem is investigated with emphasis on its application to autonomous robots and land vehicles. The effects of 3D camera rotation and translation upon the observed image are discussed, particularly the concept of the focus of expansion (FOE). It is shown that locating the FOE precisely is difficult when displacement vectors are corrupted by noise and errors. A more robust performance can be achieved by computing a 2D region of possible FOE locations (termed the fuzzy FOE) instead of looking for a single-point FOE. The shape of this FOE region is an explicit indicator of the accuracy of the result. It has been shown elsewhere that given the fuzzy FOE, a number of powerful inferences about the 3D sense structure and motion become possible. Aspects of computing the fuzzy FOE are emphasized, and the performance of a particular algorithm on real motion sequences taken from a moving autonomous land vehicle is shown.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Alternative Packaging for Back-Illuminated Imagers (2009)

An alternative scheme has been conceived for packaging of silicon-based back-illuminated, back-side-thinned complementary metal oxide/semiconductor (CMOS) and charge-coupled-device image-detector integrated circuits, including an associated fabrication process. This scheme and process are complementary to those described in "Making a Back-Illuminated Imager With Back-Side Connections" (NPO-42839), NASA Tech Briefs, Vol. 32, No. 7 (July 2008), page 38. To avoid misunderstanding, it should be noted that in the terminology of imaging integrated circuits, "front side" or "back side" does not necessarily refer to the side that, during operation, faces toward or away from a source of light or other object to be imaged. Instead, "front side" signifies that side of a semiconductor substrate upon which the pixel pattern and the associated semiconductor devices and metal conductor lines are initially formed during fabrication, and "back side" signifies the opposite side. If the imager is of the type called "back-illuminated," then the back side is the one that faces an object to be imaged. Initially, a back-illuminated, back-side-thinned image-detector is fabricated with its back side bonded to a silicon handle wafer. At a subsequent stage of fabrication, the front side is bonded to a glass wafer (for mechanical support) and the silicon handle wafer is etched away to expose the back side. The frontside integrated circuitry includes metal input/output contact pads, which are rendered inaccessible by the bonding of the front side to the glass wafer. Hence, one of the main problems is to make the input/output contact pads accessible from the back side, which is ultimately to be the side accessible to the external world. The present combination of an alternative packaging scheme and associated fabrication process constitute a solution of the problem.
Spinocerebellar Ataxia Type 2 (1997)

Spinocerebellar ataxia type 2 accounts for about 10% of German families with ADCA but may also be present in sporadic ataxia due to de novo mutations. Clinical features are highly variable among and even within families. However, the size of the expanded repeat influences the phenotype and is relevant for course and prognosis of the disease.
A MEMS differential calorimeter for biomolecular characterization (2005)

This paper presents a MEMS differential calorimeter with integrated microfluidics for measuring structural transitions of biomolecules in solution. The device features two identical freestanding membranes, resistive temperature sensors and heaters, and a thermopile differential temperature sensor between the two membranes. Integrated with PDMS microfluidic channels and chambers, the calorimeter allows efficient handling and measurements of small volumes (/spl sim/1 /spl mu/J) of liquid samples. During measurements, the temperatures of the liquid sample and reference materials contained in the microfluidic chambers are scanned over a continuous range of temperatures with on-chip temperature control, and the differential thermal response is monitored by the thermopile, thus allowing differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). We have used the device to measure protein unfolding, one of the most important types of biomolecular structural transitions.
Therapeutic potential of mycobacterial cell wall-DNA complexes (2001)

Cell wall skeletons isolated from many bacteria have been shown to possess anticancer activity. The anticancer activities of such preparations have been attributed to the activation of immune effector cells and not to a direct effect on cancer cell division. A cell wall extract from Mycobacterium phlei, wherein mycobacterial DNA in the form of short oligonulceotides is preserved to the cell wall, has anticancer activity against a wide range of cancer cells. Mycobacterial cell wall-DNA complexes (MCC) exert their anticancer activity by a dual mechanism of action: an indirect effect via the induction of anticancer cytokines and a direct effect on cancer cell division mediated by the induction of apoptosis. In this review, the immunomodulatory and the pro-apoptotic mechanisms of action of MCC will be explored. The identification of the active component in MCC will be discussed, as well as the composition differences with cell wall skeletons and live mycobacteria. Finally, the use of MCC against bladder and prostate cancers will be discussed and compared to standard therapies, particularly therapy using mycobacteria and mycobacteria-derived products.
Polyimide Foams for Aerospace Vehicles (2000)

Due to a demand by the aerospace industry, NASA has begun developing the next generation of polyimide foams which could be utilized to reduce vehicle weight for the X-33 and Reusable Launch Vehicle (RLV) programmes. The activity at NASA Langley Research Center focuses on developing polyimide foam and foam structures which are made using monomeric solutions or salt solutions formed from the reaction of a dianhydride and diamine dissolved in a mixture of foaming agents and alkyl alcohols. This process can produce polyimide foams with varying properties from a large number of monomers and monomer blends. The specific densities of these foams can range from 0.008 g cc −1 to 0.32 g cc −1 . Polyimide foams at densities of 0.032 g cc −1 and 0.08 g cc −1 were tested for a wide range of physical properties. The foams demonstrated excellent thermal stability at 321°C, a good thermal conductivity at 25°C of 0.03 W m −1 K −1 , compressive strengths as high as 0.84 MPa at 10% deflection and a limiting oxygen index of 51%. Thermomechanical cyclic testing was also performed on these materials for 50 cycles at temperatures from −253°C to 204°C. The foams survived the cyclic testing without debonding or cracking. Thermal forming of the 0.032 g cc −1 foam was performed and a minimum radius curvature of 0.0711 m was achieved. The foams exhibited excellent properties overall and are shown to be viable for use as cryogenic insulation on the next generation RLV.
Convergent Synthesis and Biological Evaluation of Syringolin A and Derivatives as Eukaryotic 20S Proteasome Inhibitors (2010)

Abstract A convergent synthesis of SylA was developed and consists of the synthesis of a fully functionalized macrocycle, which is subsequently coupled with a urea moiety. For cyclization, ring‐closing metathesis of a conformationally preorganized precursor was employed. The established synthetic route was then applied to the synthesis of SylA derivatives by using various peptidic side chains for decoration of the SylA macrocycle. The resulting collection of SylA analogues was tested for proteasome inhibition, revealing PEGylated SylA derivatives as the most potent proteasome inhibitors.
Liquid crystal lens with large focal length tunability and low operating voltage (2007)

We demonstrate a tunable focus liquid crystal (LC) lens by sandwiching a homogeneous LC layer between a planar electrode and a curved electrode. The curved electrode which is made of conductive polymer has parabolic shape with a large apex distance. Such design dramatically reduces the phase loss which leads to a short focal length (~15 cm). By using a thin top glass substrate on the curved electrode side, the operating voltage of the lens cell is reduced to ~23 V(rms). This LC lens has advantages in wide focal length tunability, low operating voltage, and good mechanical stability.
Molecular characterization of wheat allergens specifically recognized by patients suffering from wheat‐induced respiratory allergy (2012)

The characterized recombinant wheat allergens may be useful for the development of serological tests which allow the discrimination of different clinical manifestations of wheat allergy.
An Improvement of Twisted Ate Pairing Efficient for Multi-Pairing and Thread Computing (2011)

In the case of Barreto-Naehrig pairing-friendly curves of embedding degree 12 of order r, recent efficient Ate pairings such as R-ate, optimal, and Xate pairings achieve Miller loop lengths of (1/4)⌊log2r⌋. On the other hand, the twisted Ate pairing requires (3/4)⌊log2r⌋ loop iterations, and thus is usually slower than the recent efficient Ate pairings. This paper proposes an improved twisted Ate pairing using Frobenius maps and a small scalar multiplication. The proposed idea splits the Miller's algorithm calculation into several independent parts, for which multi-pairing techniques apply efficiently. The maximum number of loop iterations in Miller's algorithm for the proposed twisted Ate pairing is equal to the (1/4)⌊log2r⌋ attained by the most efficient Ate pairings.
Simple Structure for Blue Organic Electroluminescent Device (1999)

Abstract We propose a new type of an organic EL device of which structure is simpler than those of conventional blue organic EL devices. We succeeded in eliminating an organic electron‐transporting layer. Low driving voltage and long lifetime were realized by doping low work function metals into an emitting layer within the narrow region of the emitting layer/cathode interface.
Attractant for a Beneficial Insect and Its Parasitoids: Pheromone of the Predatory Spined Soldier Bug,Podisus maculiventris(Hemiptera: Pentatomidae)1 (1984)

A mixture of ( E )-2-hexenal, α-terpineol, linalool, terpinen-4-ol, and benzyl alcohol attracts adults of the predaceous spined soldier bug, Podisus maculiventris (Say). The male-produced pheromone contains (+)-α-terpineol; however, (−)-α-terpineol is not inhibitory to the bug, so artificial pheromone can be made with racemic α-terpineol. Four parasitic species use the pheromone as a kairomone and two of these parasitoids are partially inhibited by (−)-α-terpineol. This is the first artificial long-range pheromone for a member of the true bugs (Hemiptera: Heteroptera) and the first such pheromone for a nonsocial predaceous insect.