gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
HER2-Targeted Polyinosine/Polycytosine Therapy Inhibits Tumor Growth and Modulates the Tumor Immune Microenvironment (2016)

The development of targeted therapies that affect multiple signaling pathways and stimulate antitumor immunity is greatly needed. About 20% of patients with breast cancer overexpress HER2. Small molecules and antibodies targeting HER2 convey some survival benefits; however, patients with advanced disease succumb to the disease under these treatment regimens, possibly because HER2 is not completely necessary for the survival of the targeted cancer cells. In the present study, we show that a polyinosine/polycytosine (pIC) HER2-homing chemical vector induced the demise of HER2-overexpressing breast cancer cells, including trastuzumab-resistant cells. Targeting pIC to the tumor evoked a number of cell-killing mechanisms, as well as strong bystander effects. These bystander mechanisms included type I IFN induction, immune cell recruitment, and activation. The HER2-targeted pIC strongly inhibited the growth of HER2-overexpressing tumors in immunocompetent mice. The data presented here could open additional avenues in the treatment of HER2-positive breast cancer. Cancer Immunol Res; 4(8); 688-97. ©2016 AACR.
Rate Control for H.264 Video With Enhanced Rate and Distortion Models (2007)

A new rate control scheme for H.264 video encoding with enhanced rate and distortion models is proposed in this work. Compared with existing H.264 rate control schemes, our scheme has offered several new features. First, the inter-dependency between rate-distortion optimization (RDO) and rate control in H.264 is resolved via quantization parameter estimation and update. Second, since the bits of the header information may occupy a larger portion of the total bit budget, which is especially true when being coded at low bit rates, a rate model for the header information is developed to estimate header bits more accurately. The number of header bits is modeled as a function of the number of nonzero motion vector (MV) elements and the number of MVs. Third, a new source rate model and a distortion model are proposed. For this purpose, coded 4 times 4 blocks are identified and the number of source bits and distortion are modeled as functions of the quantization stepsize and the complexity of coded 4 times 4 blocks. Finally, a R-D optimized bit allocation scheme among macroblocks (MBs) is proposed to improve picture quality. Built upon the above ideas, a rate control algorithm is developed for the H.264 baseline-profile encoder under the constant bit rate constraint. It is shown by experimental results that the new algorithm can control bit rates accurately with the R-D performance significantly better than that of the rate control algorithm implemented in the H.264 software encoder JM8.1a
Perpendicular anisotropy and antiferromagnetic coupling in Co/Ru strained superlattices (1992)

Despite the large lattice mismatch (\ensuremath{\simeq}8%), we demonstrate the growth of epitaxially ordered Co/Ru superlattices consisting of hcp (0001) Co and Ru sublayers. For small Ru interlayer thickness, a large antiferromagnetic exchange coupling between the Co sublayers is observed that influences strongly the magnetization process, as the magnetization within Co sublayers can no longer be considered to be fully locked ferromagnetically. For small Co and Ru thicknesses, the magnetization is oriented along the film normal, while the adjacent Co layers are strongly coupled antiferromagnetically. For this peculiar magnetic structure, a first-order spin-flop transition from an antiferromagnetic state to a ferromagnetic canted state is observed and clearly revealed by use of a ferromagnetic-resonance technique.
Synthesis and Photochemistry of a Two-Position Ru(terpy)(phen)(L)<sup>2+</sup> Scorpionate Complex (2006)

A dissymmetric 1,10-phenanthroline chelate (N-phen-S) bearing two polyether chains terminated by two monodentate ligands of the benzonitrile (N) and dialkylesulfoxide (S) types was synthesized, characterized, and coordinated to ruthenium. The corresponding Ru(terpy)(N-phen-S)2+ complexes (terpy = 4'-(3,5-ditertiobutylphenyl)-2,2';6',2' '-terpyridine) were fully characterized as being two coordination isomers of the scorpionate type with one of the two tails occupying the sixth position on the coordination sphere. Photoexpulsion of the coordinated tail led to opening of the ruthena-macrocycle and subsequent rearrangement of the bidentate chelate. This rearrangement consisted of a 90 degrees rotation of the phenanthroline around the ruthenium atom. Selective irradiation of one isomer in a mixture of the two was undertaken using band-pass filters; this resulted in an enrichment of the nonirradiated isomer in the mixture. Thermal back-coordination of the tail was investigated in the dark. It took place quantitatively from the corresponding ruthenium chloride complex by trapping of the anion with silver salts.
A Communication Method for the Remote Real-Time Multiple Biological Parameters Monitoring and Analysing System (2014)

This paper presents a communication method for the remote real-time multiple biological parameters monitoring and analysing system. It is researched and designed in order to meet the transmission requirement of multiple biological parameters in the mobile communication network. Experiments show that it satisfies the communication demand between the monitoring device and the monitoring server and effectively increases the instantaneity and integrity. The monitoring and diagnosis ability of medical institutions can be improved dramatically by using the rapid development of computer and network technology.
Balancing Selectivity and Efficacy of Bispecific Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor (EGFR) × c-MET Antibodies and Antibody-Drug Conjugates (2016)

Bispecific antibodies (bsAbs) and antibody-drug conjugates (ADCs) have already demonstrated benefits for the treatment of cancer in several clinical studies, showing improved drug selectivity and efficacy. In particular, simultaneous targeting of prominent cancer antigens, such as EGF receptor (EGFR) and c-MET, by bsAbs has raised increasing interest for potentially circumventing receptor cross-talk and c-MET-mediated acquired resistance during anti-EGFR monotherapy. In this study, we combined the selectivity of EGFR × c-MET bsAbs with the potency of cytotoxic agents via bispecific antibody-toxin conjugation. Affinity-attenuated bispecific EGFR × c-MET antibody-drug conjugates demonstrated high in vitro selectivity toward tumor cells overexpressing both antigens and potent anti-tumor efficacy. Due to basal EGFR expression in the skin, ADCs targeting EGFR in general warrant early safety assessments. Reduction in EGFR affinity led to decreased toxicity in keratinocytes. Thus, the combination of bsAb affinity engineering with the concept of toxin conjugation may be a viable route to improve the safety profile of ADCs targeting ubiquitously expressed antigens.
Inducible Nitric Oxide Synthase Deficiency Does Not Affect the Susceptibility of Mice to Atherosclerosis but Increases Collagen Content in Lesions (2001)

iNOS induction does not affect the development of atherosclerosis in mice fed an atherogenic diet, but the resulting lesions show decreased levels of extracellular collagen and may be more fragile.
Degradation of Chemical Threats by Brominated Polymer Networks (2014)

Poly(N-bromomaleimide) (PMAi-Br), poly(N-vinylpyrrolidone)-bromine adducts (PVP–Br), and poly(ethylene-alt-N-bromomaleimide) (PEMAi-Br) and their cross-linked networks are introduced as reactive, self-decontaminating components of protective barriers. Synthetic routes toward polymaleimides include free-radical copolymerization of maleimide with divinyl cross-linkers as well as amidation of poly(ethylene-alt-maleic anhydride) with urea. The polymers are brominated by bromine in carbon tetrachloride or by copper(II) bromide in dimethylformamide, with the active bromine contents up to and above 4 mequiv/g, or >30 wt %. The brominated polymer networks exhibit considerable swelling in water and possess reversible redox peak potentials in cyclic voltammetry experiments due to the redox reactions of the bromine present in the polymer structures. In acidic aqueous media, PVP–Br, PMAi-co-DVB-Br, and PEMAi-Br materials are able to degrade 100% of hydrazine, monomethylhydrazine, and 1,1-dimethylhydrazine down to concentrations below detectable levels of 0.15–0.25 mM. The hydrazine is converted to nitrogen gas. The insecticide malathion, tested as a simulant of a combat warfare agent VX, is efficiently and selectively oxidized to malaoxon in the presence of the brominated networks, whereas 2-(chloroethyl)ethyl sulfide (CEES), a simulant of the sulfur mustard agent, is rapidly oxidized, in both vapor and liquid states, into its less-toxic sulfone derivative, 1-chloro-2-(ethylsulfinyl)ethane (CEESO), with the only side product being 1,2-bis(ethylthio)ethane. The oxidation of CEES is proven to be selective, in that no toxic overoxidized CEES analogue, 1-chloro-2-(ethylsulfonyl)ethane, is formed. The developed brominated polymer networks are versatile materials with potential applications in coatings, filters, fabrics, and sorbents.
Redox Regulation of NLRP3 Inflammasomes: ROS as Trigger or Effector? (2014)

It is imperative to know how this dual action of ROS works during NLRP3 inflammation activation on different stimuli and what relevance such spatiotemporal redox regulation of NLRP3 inflammasomes has in cell or organ functions and possible human diseases.
Electric fatigue in Pb(Nb,Zr,Sn,Ti)O3 thin films grown by a sol–gel process (2003)

Antiferroelectric Pb(Nb,Zr,Sn,Ti)O3 (PNZST) thin films were deposited via a sol–gel process on LaNiO3-buffered Pt/Ti/SiO2/Si substrates. The highly (100)-oriented LaNiO3 buffer layer facilitated the formation of high-quality PNZST films with a strong (100) preferred orientation. These films showed improved electric fatigue properties than those grown on Pt/Ti/SiO2/Si substrates. With increasing cycling field, the remanent polarization increases but the saturated polarization decreases. Fatigue properties of PNZST antiferroelectric thin films might be closely related to the nonuniform strain buildup due to switching that tends to stabilize the ferroelectric phase.
Mutation Analysis of the<i>IL</i><i>36</i><i>RN</i>Gene in 14 Japanese Patients with Generalized Pustular Psoriasis (2012)

Generalized pustular psoriasis (GPP) is a rare, potentially life threatening, and aggressive form of psoriasis, which is characterized by sudden onset with repeated episodic skin inflammation leading to pustule formation. Familial GPP is known to be caused by recessively inherited mutations in the IL36RN gene, which encodes interleukin 36 receptor antagonist (IL-36Ra). In this article, we performed mutation analysis of the IL36RN gene in 14 Japanese patients with GPP, and identified mutations in two of these patients analyzed. One patient was compound heterozygous for mutations c.115+6T>C and c.368C>G (p.Thr123Arg), whereas the other carried compound heterozygous mutations c.28C>T (p.Arg10*) and c.115+6T>C in the IL36RN gene. Expression studies using total RNA from the patients' skin revealed that the mutation c.115+6T>C resulted in skipping of exon 3, leading to a frameshift and a premature termination codon (p.Arg10Argfs*1). The protein structure analysis suggested that the missense mutation p.Thr123Arg caused misfolding and instability of IL-36Ra protein. In vitro studies in cultured cells showed impaired expression of the p.Thr123Arg mutant IL-36Ra protein, which failed to antagonize the IL-36 signaling pathway. Our data further underscore the critical role of IL36RN in pathogenesis of GPP.
Effect of Various Lubricating Oils on Piston Deposits in Biodiesel Fueled Engines (2004)

Some customers of Transport Refrigeration Units (TRU’s) powered by 2.1 liter diesel engines in Europe are requesting to run 100% biodiesel fuel in their TRU’s. The purpose of this paper was to find a way for users of 100% biodiesel fuel to maintain reliable diesel engine operation through selection of a better engine lubricant. Diesel engines that have been run with 100% biodiesel fuel have been found to have deposits inside the engine that are not found when running on fossil petroleum diesel fuel. This paper examines the effect of various engine-lubricating oils on engines running with 100% biodiesel fuel. The comparison of various engine oils was accomplished by evaluating the piston skirt and ring groove deposits when running 4 different engine oils for 1000 hours each on identical engines that are fueled by Soybean Biodiesel fuel.
Virtually Perfect: Factors Affecting the Quality of a VR Experience and the need for a VR Content Quality Standard (2016)

New virtual reality (VR) capture, gaming and viewing devices are hitting the shelves at an accelerated pace. While this commercial push favors the integration of VR devices into everyday life, the quality of experience is not always up to par: Improperly produced content can generate physical stress and/or interrupt a viewer's suspension of disbelief. Without clear and common standards, it is hard to achieve a consistent product that will meet customer expectations beyond the initial novelty factor. The paper suggests a foundation for a content quality standard, based on the author's experience shooting and analyzing hundreds of 360-video experiences, with criteria for stitching, physical integrity, artifacts, stereoscopic 3D, framing and composition. For each criterion, the paper describes a suggested benchmark, issues to avoid, causes, effects on the viewer, plus preventive and corrective measures.
A New Method for the Synthesis of α,α-Difluoro-β-hydroxy Esters through the Enolization of <i>S</i>-<i>tert</i>-Butyl Difluoroethanethioate (1997)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVCommunicationNEXTA New Method for the Synthesis of α,α-Difluoro-β-hydroxy Esters through the Enolization of S-tert-Butyl DifluoroethanethioateJohn A. WeigelView Author Information Chemical Process Development, Lilly Research Laboratories, Eli Lilly and Company, P.O. Box 685, Lafayette, Indiana 47902Cite this: J. Org. Chem. 1997, 62, 18, 6108–6109Publication Date (Web):September 5, 1997Publication History Received25 June 1997Published online5 September 1997Published inissue 1 September 1997https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo9711596https://doi.org/10.1021/jo9711596rapid-communicationACS PublicationsCopyright © 1997 American Chemical SocietyRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views485Altmetric-Citations18LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (1)»Supporting Information Supporting Information SUBJECTS:Enolates,Lithium,Mixtures,Organic compounds,Transfer reactions Get e-Alerts
Structure/Property Relationships in Solid-Solution Strengthened Superalloys (1984)

procedures can alter the microstructure and, hence, the properties of solid-solution strengthened superalloys.
Shiva Star - Marauder Compact Torus System (2005)

TheMARAUDER (Magnetically Accelerated Rings to Achieve Ultrahigh Directed Energy and Radiation) System is composed of multiple banks currently being used to form and accelerate a compact torus. The system consists of four banks: gas valve bank; slow magnetic field bank; torus formation gun bank; and accelerator bank. The accelerator bank is the SHIVA Star 9.5 MJ capacitor bank modified to operate with a reduced number of modules, a precautionary requirement for the initial testing of the acceleration phase of a compact torus. The normal 36 modules and six arms of SHIVN Star have been reduced to operation of three arms and a choice of either one or two modules per arm as acceleration banks. The four forward modules of the three arms can be used as a system crowbar on the accelerator bank with the addition of a buss shorting clamp on each module. Operation of the SHIVA Star capacitor bank in this modified mode allows for lower energy operation (550 kJ and 100 kV) with the flexibility of adding additional modules as experiment energy requirements increase. This approach permits relatively non-destructive testing of the load at suitable energies. Initial test results are discussed, relative primarily to bank performance during MARAUDER acceleration tests with SHIVA Star in the reduced energy mode.
Residents’ Perception of the Social and Cultural Impacts of a Public Music Festival in Catalonia (2017)

Many authors recognize that events, besides generating economic impacts, also contribute to social and cultural development, for example by creating and communicating social values and promoting social sharing, strengthening local identity and culture and/or promoting a sense of pride and belonging to a community. This study analyses the perception that residents of the city of Vic (a medium-sized city in the interior of the region of Catalonia, Spain) have developed about the Mercat de Música Viva de Vic (MMVV); an international music festival organized annually by public institutions for the past 27 years. From the results of a factor analysis the paper demonstrates how this event is valued for the positive economic impacts generated, but in particular, for other impacts that have favored the social and cultural development of the region, while negative impacts are also recognized.
The COOH Terminus of Arylamine N-Acetyltransferase from Salmonella typhimurium Controls Enzymic Activity (2002)

Arylamine N-acetyltransferases (NATs) are a homologous family of enzymes, which acetylate arylamines, arylhydroxylamines, and arylhydrazines by acetyl transfer from acetyl-coenzyme A (Ac-CoA) and are found in many organisms. NAT was first identified as the enzyme responsible for the inactivation of the anti-tubercular drug isoniazid in humans. The three-dimensional structure of NAT from Salmonella typhimurium has been resolved and shown to have three distinct domains and an active site catalytic triad composed of "Cys(69)-His(107)-Asp(122)," which is typical of hydrolytic enzymes such as the cysteine proteases. The crystal unit cell consists of a dimer of tetramers, with the C terminus of individual monomers juxtaposed. To investigate the function of the first two domains of full-length NAT from S. typhimurium and to investigate the role of the C terminus of NAT, truncation mutants were made with either the C-terminal undecapeptide or the entire third domain (85 amino acids) missing. Unlike the full-length NAT protein (281 amino acids), the truncation mutants of NAT from S. typhimurium are toxic when overexpressed intracellularly in Escherichia coli. Full-length NAT hydrolyses Ac-CoA but only in the presence of an arylamine substrate. Both truncation mutants, however, hydrolyze Ac-CoA even in the absence of arylamine substrate, illustrating that the C-terminal undecapeptide controls hydrolysis of Ac-CoA by NAT from S. typhimurium.
Quercetin Inhibits Advanced Glycation End Product Formation by Trapping Methylglyoxal and Glyoxal (2014)

Methylglyoxal (MGO) and glyoxal (GO) not only are endogenous metabolites but also exist in exogenous resources, such as foods, beverages, urban atmosphere, and cigarette smoke. They have been identified as reactive dicarbonyl precursors of advanced glycation end products (AGEs), which have been associated with diabetes-related long-term complications. In this study, quercetin, a natural flavonol found in fruits, vegetables, leaves, and grains, could effectively inhibit the formation of AGEs in a dose-dependent manner via trapping reactive dicarbonyl compounds. More than 50.5% of GO and 80.1% of MGO were trapped at the same time by quercetin within 1 h under physiological conditions. Quercetin and MGO (or GO) were combined at different ratios, and the products generated from this reaction were analyzed with LC-MS. Both mono-MGO and di-MGO adducts of quercetin were detected in this assay using LC-MS, but only tiny amounts of mono-GO adducts of quercetin were found. Additionally, di-MGO adducts were observed as the dominant product with prolonged incubation time. In the bovine serum albumin (BSA)-MGO/GO system, quercetin traps MGO and GO directly and then significantly inhibits the formation of AGEs.
Content-Based Image Retrieval On reconfigurable Peer-to-Peer networks (2012)

Performing Content-Based Image Retrieval (CBIR) from Internet databases connected through Peer-to-Peer (P2P) network, abbreviated as P2P-CBIR, helps to effectively explore the large-scale image database distributed over connected peers. Decentralized unstructured P2P framework is adopted in our system to compromise with the structured one while still reserving flexible routing control when peers join/leave or network fails. The P2P-CBIR search engine is designed to provide multi-instance query with multi-feature types to effectively reduce network traffic and maintain high retrieval accuracy. The proposed P2P-CBIR system is also designed to provide scalable retrieval control, which can adaptively control the query scope and progressively refine the accuracy of retrieved results. We also proposed to provide the most updated local database characteristics for the P2P-CBIR users. By reconfiguring system at each regular interval time, it can effectively reduce trivial peer routing and retrieval operations due to imprecise configuration. Experiments demonstrated that the average recall rate of the proposed P2P-CBIR with reconfiguration is higher than the one without about 20%, and the latter outperforms previous methods, i.e., firework query model (FQM) and breadth-first search (BFS) about 20% and 120%, respectively, under the same range of TTL values.
Ionomer Binders Can Improve Discharge Rate Capability in Lithium-Ion Battery Cathodes (2010)

A lithium-ion form of a perfluorosulfonate ionomer was used as a binder in -based lithium-ion battery cathodes. Carbon-coated and acetylene carbon black were blended with ionomer to prepare composite cathodes having a composition 60% , 20% acetylene carbon black, and 20% binder by weight. Cathodes were tested against anodes using and –ethylene carbonate/diethyl carbonate (EC/DEC) electrolytes. Comparison was made with cathodes prepared using poly(vinylidene) difluoride (PVDF) as binder. At low discharge rates (e.g., C/5) both cathode types exhibited similar charge–discharge capacities and voltage profiles. However, under higher rate discharge conditions (e.g., , up to 5C) cathodes prepared using ionomer binder showed better discharge rate capability than cathodes having PVDF binder. This phenomenon was more pronounced when the salt concentration in the electrolyte was low (e.g., ). These findings suggest that use of ionic binders can help to compensate for electrolyte depletion from the electrode porous space as lithium ions are intercalated into lithium-deficient particles during rapid discharging. Potential uses for electrodes having ionomer binders in enabling lower cost battery electrolytes (because of the reduced need for salt) and in developing high rate cathodes that are nonporous or have low porosity are discussed.