gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Spectroscopic studies of molecular-beam epitaxially grown Cr2+-doped ZnSe thin films (2005)

Cr:ZnSe thin films were grown by molecular-beam epitaxy with the long-term goal of demonstrating a route for the development of transitional-metal-doped semiconductor lasers. Photoluminescence (PL) and PL lifetime measurements of doped thin films and bulk crystals indicate that Cr is incorporated in the optically active Cr2+ state up to levels of 5×1019cm−3. The shape of PL spectra and lifetime measurements of doped thin films compares favorably with that reported for bulk samples. A microcavity formed by film interfaces is responsible for differences in spontaneous emission observed between films and bulk crystals.
Electrochemical Properties and Nonflammability of a Mixed Boric Ester as a Novel Electrolyte Solvent (2010)

Abstract not Available.
A tube-in-a-tube semiconductor (2016)

Atomically-thin materials such as single-walled carbon nanotubes and graphene are prone to chemical attack because all of the constituent atoms are exposed. Here we describe progress from our lab in the synthetic creation of a tube-in-a-tube (Tube^2) semiconductor and their first applications in the electrical detection of small molecules and implications on biological sensing. A Tube^2 is equivalent to a pristine single-walled carbon nanotube (SWCNT) nested within a chemically tailored, impermeable, and atomically-thick functional shell. Compared with SWCNTs and graphene, electrical sensors created using Tube^2 can be readily tailored with robust covalent chemistries to enable chemical selectivity while maintaining exceptional SWCNT-like sensitivity.
Correlation-based distributed measurement of a dynamic grating spectrum generated in stimulated Brillouin scattering in a polarization-maintaining optical fiber (2009)

We study the principle of correlation-based distributed generation and readout of dynamic grating spectrum generated in stimulated Brillouin scattering in a polarization-maintaining optical fiber. The experimental validation is demonstrated by applying synchronous sinusoidal frequency modulations to two orthogonally polarized laser sources that serve as the Brillouin pump-probe light and readout light of the dynamic grating, respectively. Temperature-induced opposite changes in the Brillouin frequency shift and in the birefringence-determined optical frequency deviation are clearly observed with 1.2 m spatial resolution and a 110 m measurement range.
An Adaptive Data Prefetcher for High-Performance Processors (2010)

While computing speed continues increasing rapidly, data-access technology is lagging behind. Data-access delay, not the processor speed, becomes the leading performance bottleneck of high-end/high-performance computing. Prefetching is an effective solution to masking the gap between computing speed and data-access speed. Existing works of prefetching, however, are very conservative in general, due to the computing power consumption concern of the past. They suffer in effectiveness especially when applications' access pattern changes. In this study, we propose an Algorithm-level Feedback-controlled Adaptive (AFA) data prefetcher to address these issues. The AFA prefetcher is based on the Data-Access History Cache, a hardware structure that is specifically designed for data prefetching. It provides an algorithm-level adaptation and is capable of dynamically adapting to appropriate prefetching algorithms at runtime. We have conducted extensive simulation testing with Simple Scalar simulator to validate the design and to illustrate the performance gain. The simulation results show that AFA prefetcher is effective and achieves considerable IPC (Instructions Per Cycle) improvement in average.
Combining Scale-Space and Similarity-Based Aspect Graphs for Fast 3D Object Recognition (2011)

This paper describes an approach for recognizing instances of a 3D object in a single camera image and for determining their 3D poses. A hierarchical model is generated solely based on the geometry information of a 3D CAD model of the object. The approach does not rely on texture or reflectance information of the object's surface, making it useful for a wide range of industrial and robotic applications, e.g., bin-picking. A hierarchical view-based approach that addresses typical problems of previous methods is applied: It handles true perspective, is robust to noise, occlusions, and clutter to an extent that is sufficient for many practical applications, and is invariant to contrast changes. For the generation of this hierarchical model, a new model image generation technique by which scale-space effects can be taken into account is presented. The necessary object views are derived using a similarity-based aspect graph. The high robustness of an exhaustive search is combined with an efficient hierarchical search. The 3D pose is refined by using a least-squares adjustment that minimizes geometric distances in the image, yielding a position accuracy of up to 0.12 percent with respect to the object distance, and an orientation accuracy of up to 0.35 degree in our tests. The recognition time is largely independent of the complexity of the object, but depends mainly on the range of poses within which the object may appear in front of the camera. For efficiency reasons, the approach allows the restriction of the pose range depending on the application. Typical runtimes are in the range of a few hundred ms.
Tunability of the Adhesion of Water Drops on a Superhydrophobic Paper Surface via Selective Plasma Etching (2009)

We report the fabrication of a sticky superhydrophobic paper surface with extremely high contact angle hysteresis: advancing contact angle ∼150° (superhydrophobic) and receding contact angle ∼10° (superhydrophilic). In addition, we report the controlled tunability of the contact angle hysteresis from 149.8 ± 5.8° to 3.5 ± 1.1°, while maintaining superhydrophobicity, as defined through an advancing contact angle above 150°. The hysteresis was tuned through the controlled fabrication of nano-scale features on the paper fibers via selective plasma etching. The variations in contact angle hysteresis are attributed to a transition of the liquid–surface interaction from a Wenzel state to a Cassie state on the nano-scale, while maintaining a Cassie state on the micro-scale. Superhydrophobic cellulosic surfaces with tunable stickiness or adhesion have potential applications in the control of aqueous drop mobility and the transfer of drops on inexpensive, renewable substrates.
Synthesis and antiallergic activity of some mono- and disubstituted xanthone-2-carboxylic acids (1978)

A series of xanthone-2-carboxylic acids, substituted mainly with electron-withdrawing groups, has been synthesized and assayed for antiallergic activity, using the passive cutaneous anaphylaxis (PCA) reaction in the rat. The effect of substituent type and substitution pattern on PCA neutralizing capacity is presented.
Application of spherical harmonics to image reconstruction for the Compton camera (1998)

The Compton camera can collect SPECT data with high efficiency due to electronic collimation. The data acquired from a Compton camera are projections of source activity along cones and are approximated in this paper by cone-surface integrals. This paper proposes the use of an orthogonal spherical expansion to convert the cone-surface integrals into plane integrals. The conversion technique is efficient. Once the plane integrals are obtained, a 3D image can be reconstructed by the 3D Radon inversion formula. The algorithm is implemented and computer simulations are used to demonstrate the efficiency and accuracy of the proposed reconstruction algorithm.
1,3-Dihydro-2H-imidazo[4,5-b]quinolin-2-ones - inhibitors of blood platelet cAMP phosphodiesterase and induced aggregation (1991)

A series of 1,3-dihydro-2H-imidazo[4,5-b]quinolin-2-one derivatives was synthesized and evaluated as inhibitors of cAMP hydrolysis by a crude human platelet phosphodiesterase preparation and as inhibitors of ADP- and collagen-induced aggregation of rabbit blood platelets. The parent structure 7a, demonstrated potent inhibitory activity that was enhanced by the introduction of alkyl, alkoxy, or halogen substituents at the 5-, 6-, 7-, and 8-positions. Methylation at N-1 or N-3 produced weaker inhibitors of cAMP PDE and platelet aggregation. 1,3,9,9a-Tetrahydro-2H-imidazo[4,5-b]quinolin-2-ones (6) were found to be equipotent with their fully oxidized congeners (7). On the basis of platelet inhibitory properties in vitro, efficacy at preventing thrombus formation in animal models of thrombosis, and a favorable hemodynamic profile, 1,3-dihydro-7,8-dimethyl-2H- imidazo[4,5-b]quinolin-2-one (7o, BMY 20844) was selected for advancement into toxicological evaluation and clinical trial. An efficient synthesis of 7o is described.
Characterization of the Human Corticotropin-Releasing Factor2(a) Receptor Promoter: Regulation by Glucocorticoids and the Cyclic Adenosine 5′-Monophosphate Pathway (2004)

Corticotropin-releasing factor (CRF) is a neurotransmitter and hormone believed to integrate responses to stress. Evidence suggests central CRF systems are overactive in some individuals suffering from depression and anxiety disorders. CRF receptor antagonism blocks stress-induced endocrine, autonomic, and behavioral effects in animal models, and studies have implicated the CRF2 receptor in anxiety-related behaviors. Greater understanding of the regulation of CRF2 expression may facilitate understanding mechanisms underlying anxiety. The present studies are the first to characterize the transcriptional regulation of the human CRF2(a), the predominant CRF2 isoform in brain. Four kilobase pairs of sequence immediately upstream of the first exon of CRF2(a) represented our full-length promoter region. Sequentially smaller fragments of the CRF2(a) promoter region were generated by PCR and cloned upstream of a luciferase reporter gene. Expression was monitored from these constructs within Chinese hamster ovary-K1 cells and within rat aortic A7R5 cells that express CRF2. Glucocorticoid treatment decreased expression and elevating intracellular cAMP increased expression from the human CRF2(a) promoter. The regions of the CRF2(a) promoter that regulate the inducible expression were determined, and the functional cAMP response element and glucocorticoid response element cis-regulatory elements within these regions were identified using a combination of site-directed mutagenesis and EMSAs. Given the possibility of species-specific differences in gene expression, interpretation of gene expression studies from rat and mouse model systems is difficult. Examination of expression from the human CRF2(a) promoter will provide insight into these model systems and may translate more readily to the development of therapeutics to treat human psychiatric illness.
ChemInform Abstract: Ta‐Based Amorphous Metal Thin Films. (2015)

Abstract Two new Ta‐based ternary metal thin films with approximate composition Ta 2 Ni 2 Si and Ta 2 Mo 2 Si are deposited by radiofrequency magnetron sputtering onto Si/SiO 2 substrates.
Using frontier points to recover shape, reflectance and illumination (2005)

We describe a method to recover the surface reflectance and the 3D shape of a non-Lambertian object as well as illumination, from a collection of images. It is based on the so-called frontier points, which are extracted from the outlines of an object. Frontier points provide 3D locations on the object surface where the surface normal is known. This information is exploited to infer the surface reflectance of the object and the light distribution of the scene both under varying illumination and fixed vantage point, and under varying vantage point and fixed illumination. We also show how to apply frontier points for shape recovery in photometric stereo. The effectiveness of frontier points for recovering reflectance, illumination and shape is confirmed by a number of experiments on both real and synthetic data.
Device level communication libraries for high‐performance computing in Java (2011)

SUMMARY Since its release, the Java programming language has attracted considerable attention from the high‐performance computing (HPC) community because of its portability, high programming productivity, and built‐in multithreading and networking support. As a consequence, several initiatives have been taken to develop a high‐performance Java message‐passing library to program distributed memory architectures, such as clusters. The performance of Java message‐passing applications relies heavily on the communications performance. Thus, the design and implementation of low‐level communication devices that support message‐passing libraries is an important research issue in Java for HPC. MPJ Express is our Java message‐passing implementation for developing high‐performance parallel Java applications. Its public release currently contains three communication devices: the first one is built using the Java New Input/Output (NIO) package for the TCP/IP; the second one is specifically designed for the Myrinet Express library on Myrinet; and the third one supports thread‐based shared memory communications. Although these devices have been successfully deployed in many production environments, previous performance evaluations of MPJ Express suggest that the buffering layer, tightly coupled with these devices, incurs a certain degree of copying overhead, which represents one of the main performance penalties. This paper presents a more efficient Java message‐passing communications device, based on Java Input/Output sockets, that avoids this buffering overhead. Moreover, this device implements several strategies, both in the communication protocol and in the HPC hardware support, which optimizes Java message‐passing communications. In order to evaluate its benefits, this paper analyzes the performance of this device comparatively with other Java and native message‐passing libraries on various high‐speed networks, such as Gigabit Ethernet, Scalable Coherent Interface, Myrinet, and InfiniBand, as well as on a shared memory multicore scenario. The reported communication overhead reduction encourages the upcoming incorporation of this device in MPJ Express ( http://mpj‐express.org ). Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A Closed-Loop Electrical Stimulation System for Cardiac Cell Cultures (2005)

An integrated electrical stimulation and recording system was designed for closed-loop control and analysis of cardiac cultures on planar microelectrode arrays. Stimulated action potentials from HL-1 clonal myocyte cultures were digitized, stimulation artifacts were removed using nulling and filtering methods, and analysis was performed to determine stimulation efficacy in real time. Results of this analysis were used to determine future stimulation waveform parameters such as polarity, amplitude, pulse duration, and rate or pattern. Algorithms were designed utilizing real-time analysis and control to maintain a desired electrophysiological response of the culture, such as an arbitrary capture fraction value. This paper presents the hardware and software design of the stimulus pulse circuitry, artifact extraction, analysis, and control components of the system. Applications of this technology include the study of cardiac cell physiology, improving the speed and accuracy of traditional open-loop stimulation protocols, pharmacological screening, and improving the performance of biosensors based on sensing electrical activity in cardiac cultures.
Multiwavelength quantum-dot semiconductor fiber ring laser (2008)

We have demonstrated a novel approach to achieve a stable multi-wavelength laser system (MWLS) which is making use of a quantum dot semiconductor optical amplifier (QD SOA) as a highly birefringence material and an optical polarizer at the same time. Both the channel frequency spacing and the central lasing wavelength of the QD MWLS can be accurately set by using the desired-designed QD SOA with the certain operation conditions and by setting the polarization controller properly. The detailed working principles and the experimental results have been reported in this paper. The proposed QD MWLS technology can be used for characterizing the intrinsic properties of the QD semiconductor waveguide materials that could also be used for spectral narrowing of a laser system. We have experimentally confirmed that the QD SOA is highly inhomogeneous gain material as compared with QW SOA.
AN EVALUATION METHOD FOR ENTERPRISE RESOURCE PLANNING SYSTEMS (2008)

An Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP) system is a complex network composed of various business processes. This paper proposes a method based on stochastic-flow network model to evaluate the performance of an ERP system depending upon the results of the ERP examination of the users involved. The nodes in the network denote the persons responsible for the business tasks during the processes. The arcs between nodes denote the process precedence relationships in the ERP system. When the process starts, the documents are initiated from the source node to its succeeding nodes. Finally, the documents are released in the destination node. Thus, the performance of an ERP system is related to the flow of the documents through the network. The failure of an ERP system is therefore described as in the condition that the flow of the system is under the acceptable level d. We propose a performance index, the probability of the maximal flow not less than d, to evaluate the performance of an ERP system. An algorithm is subsequently proposed to generate the performance index, which can be used to assess the system performance either before or after the system going live.
Wet atmospheric generation apparatus (1990)

The invention described relates to an apparatus for providing a selectively humidified gas to a camera canister containing cameras and film used in space. A source of pressurized gas (leak test gas or motive gas) is selected by a valve, regulated to a desired pressure by a regulator, and routed through an ejector (venturi device). A regulated source of water vapor in the form of steam from a heated reservoir is coupled to a low pressure region of the ejector which mixes with high velocity gas flow through the ejector. This mixture is sampled by a dew point sensor to obtain dew point thereof (ratio of water vapor to gas) and the apparatus adjusted by varying gas pressure or water vapor to provide a mixture at a connector having selected humidity content.
Transmissive electrowetting‐based displays for portable multimedia devices (2010)

Abstract— Electrowetting‐based displays have been successfully demonstrated in reflective mode, showing video capability and high optical performance. However, because this technology is based on a high‐efficiency optical switch operating between a light‐absorbing state and a light‐transmitting state, the technology lends itself naturally to a transmissive mode enabling a complete range of applications. This paper describes the first active‐matrix full‐color transmissive electrowetting displays including its main technical and system aspects. Two architectures have been demonstrated: one uses color filters, the other field‐sequential‐color illumination. The paper also introduces alternative concepts for more efficient color transmissive electrowetting displays with multiple absorbing layers.
Red blood cells free α‐haemoglobin pool: a biomarker to monitor the β‐thalassemia intermedia variability. The <scp>ALPHAPOOL</scp> study (2017)

The severity of β-thalassaemia (β-thal) intermedia is mainly correlated to the degree of imbalanced α/non α-globin chain synthesis. The phenotypic diversity of β-thal depends on this imbalance and reflects all possible combinations of α- and β-globin genotypes, levels of fetal haemoglobin (HbF) and co-inheritance of other modulating factors. This study aimed to demonstrate the validity of a new surrogate of α/non α-globin biosynthetic ratio by measuring the soluble α-Hb pool in lysed red blood cells. Our results confirm that the α-Hb pool measurement allows a good discrimination between β-thal intermedia patients, controls and α-thal patients (P < 0·003). Receiver operator characteristic analyses revealed an area under the curve of 0·978 for the α-Hb pool measurement at a threshold of 120 ng free α-Hb/mg of total Hb/ml of haemolysate (ppm) with a sensitivity and specificity of 86% and 100%, respectively, to discriminate between β-thal and not β-thal subjects. Significant correlations were observed between the α-Hb pool and biological parameters of β-thal, the most significant association being observed with red cell hexokinase activity. This study indicates that the α-Hb pool could be a new marker for assistance in diagnostic orientation of β-thal intermedia patients and may be clinically useful for monitoring the evolution of the disequilibrium of globin synthesis in response to treatments.
The transistor as an anemometer (1979)

Possible ways of using a transistor as an anemometer are examined to discover desirable properties, suitable for use in a battery-operated instrument. Two modes of operation are described: constant power and constant temperature rise above ambient. Bead transistors allow convenient operation at 30 mW with straightforward ambient temperature compensation. To verify what constitutes an adequate thermal model, a detailed analysis is given for a particular transistor and shown to be in agreement with experiment. The best of the arrangements tried gives an accuracy of the order of 5% of wind speed and a usable range of 0-5 m s-1.
Excimer laser phototherapy for the dissolution of vascular obstruction (1984)

This report reviews studies on the use of H<sub>2</sub> in the ophthalmological field. In retinal diseases, particularly in a retinal ischemia-reperfusion injury, effects of H<sub>2</sub> are remarkable in reducing retinal tissue damage. H<sub>2</sub> treatment of corneal damage caused by alkali or UVB suppressed scar formation. The most unique application of H<sub>2</sub> in the ophthalmological field appears to be its use in phacoemulsification cataract surgery. Ultrasound oscillation produces ·OH through the cavitation phenomenon in the anterior chamber of the eye, which induces oxidative insults in the corneal endothelium. Phacoemulsification using H<sub>2</sub> dissolved in the irrigation solution significantly suppressed the corneal endothelial damage. The effect of H<sub>2</sub> was direct and clear, as H2 instantly scavenges ·OH produced by ultrasound oscillation in the anterior chamber, thereby suppressing oxidative insults during the phacoemulsification procedure.
A Systematic Approach for Application Migration in a Grid Computing Environment (2006)

Enterprises are looking at grid computing as a technology of enormous potential. One such issue is the issue of grid application migration, where legacy applications are migrated to the grid environment. The grid application migration framework (GAMF), is an attempt to provide a systematic approach for handling the migration process. The framework consists of three independently deployable components: grid code analyzer (GCA), grid task generator (GTG), and grid simulator (GS). The GCA component analyzes the different applications and generates a directed acyclic graph (DAG) based on the information obtained from analysis. The DAG is based on both static and runtime information available from application profiling. The DAG information is then analyzed and grid tasks are generated based on different DAG reducing and clustering algorithms. The simulator takes the generated DAG as input and provides and analyzes the application performance with respect to grid infrastructure and policies