gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Magneto-Radar Hidden Metal Detector (2005)

A varying magnetic field excites slight vibrations in an object and a radar sensor detects the vibrations at a harmonic of the excitation frequency. The synergy of the magnetic excitation and radar detection provides increased detection range compared to conventional magnetic metal detectors. The radar rejects background clutter by responding only to reflecting objects that are vibrating at a harmonic excitation field, thereby significantly improving detection reliability. As an exemplary arrangement, an ultra-wideband micropower impulse radar (MIR) is capable of being employed to provide superior materials penetration while providing range information. The magneto-radar may be applied to pre-screening magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) patients, landmine detection and finding hidden treasures.
Mapping of a complicated familial spastic paraplegia to locus SPG4 on chromosome 2p. (1998)

Autosomal dominant familial spastic paraplegia (AD-FSP) is a degenerative disorder of the central motor system characterised by progressive spasticity of the lower limbs. AD-FSP has been divided into pure and complicated forms. Pure AD-FSP is genetically heterogeneous; three loci have been mapped to chromosomes 14q (SPG3), 2p (SPG4), and 15q (SPG6), whereas no loci responsible for complicated forms have been identified to date. Here we report linkage to the SPG4 locus in a three generation family with AD-FSP complicated by dementia and epilepsy. Assuming that both forms of AD-FSP are caused by mutations involving the same FSP gene, analysis of recombination events in this family positions the SPG4 gene within a 0 cM interval flanked by loci D2S2255 and D2S2347.
Rapidly assessing changes in bone mineral balance using natural stable calcium isotopes (2012)

The ability to rapidly detect changes in bone mineral balance (BMB) would be of great value in the early diagnosis and evaluation of therapies for metabolic bone diseases such as osteoporosis and some cancers. However, measurements of BMB are hampered by difficulties with using biochemical markers to quantify the relative rates of bone resorption and formation and the need to wait months to years for altered BMB to produce changes in bone mineral density large enough to resolve by X-ray densitometry. We show here that, in humans, the natural abundances of Ca isotopes in urine change rapidly in response to changes in BMB. In a bed rest experiment, use of high-precision isotope ratio MS allowed the onset of bone loss to be detected in Ca isotope data after about 1 wk, long before bone mineral density has changed enough to be detectable with densitometry. The physiological basis of the relationship between Ca isotopes and BMB is sufficiently understood to allow quantitative translation of changes in Ca isotope abundances to changes in bone mineral density using a simple model. The rate of change of bone mineral density inferred from Ca isotopes is consistent with the rate observed by densitometry in long-term bed rest studies. Ca isotopic analysis provides a powerful way to monitor bone loss, potentially making it possible to diagnose metabolic bone disease and track the impact of treatments more effectively than is currently possible.
AlGaN/GaN polarization-doped field-effect transistor for microwave power applications - eScholarship (2004)

We discuss an AlGaN/GaN metal-semiconductor field-effect transistor (MESFET) structure grown without any impurity doping in the channel. A high-mobility polarization-induced bulk channel charge was created by grading the channel region linearly from GaN to Al0.3Ga0.7N over 1000 Angstrom. This polarization-doped FET (PolFET) was fabricated and tested under dc and rf conditions. Current density of 850 mA/mm and transconductance of 93 mS/mm was observed under dc conditions. The 0.7 mum gate length devices had a cutoff frequency, f(tau)=19 GHz, and maximum oscillation frequency, f(max)=46 GHz. We demonstrate that the PolFETs perform better than comparable MESFETs with impurity-doped channels, and are suitable for high power microwave applications. An important advantage of these devices over AlGaN/GaN high electron mobility transistors is that the transconductance versus gate voltage profile can be tailored by compositional grading for better large-signal linearity. (C) 2004 American Institute of Physics.
Self-Protecting Epoxy Coatings with Anticorrosion Microcapsules (2018)

The corrosion of steel substrates causes damage that is costly to repair or replace. Current protective coatings predominately rely on environmentally harmful anticorrosive agents and toxic solvents to protect the underlying substrate. The use of lawsone (2-hydroxy-1,4-napthoquinone) together with a water-based epoxy coating provides an environmentally friendly alternative for common protective coatings. Microencapsulated lawsone embedded in an epoxy coating allows the anticorrosive agent to remain dormant until released by damage and delivered directly onto the steel substrate. UV-vis analysis confirms successful encapsulation of lawsone in a polyurethane shell wall and reveals up to 8 wt % lawsone in the capsule cores. Uniform dry film thickness and inflicted damaged are verified with ultrasound and optical microscopy. Visual and electrochemical analysis demonstrates that this self-protective scheme leads to a 70% corrosion inhibition efficiency in a neutral salt water solution.
Effects of TTI-621 (SIRPαFc) on CD47 and serum cytokines associated with phagocytosis in subjects with relapsed, refractory hematologic malignancies: Pharmacodynamic findings from a first-in-human clinical trial. (2017)

112 Background: CD47 delivers an anti-phagocytic (“do not eat”) signal by binding SIRPα on macrophages and is overexpressed on many cancers enabling immune surveillance evasion. TTI-621 is a decoy receptor that promotes phagocytosis of tumors by blocking CD47 and engaging activating FcR on macrophages. A first-in-human, phase 1a, open label, multicenter study (NCT02663518) evaluating safety and tolerability of weekly, intravenous infusions of TTI-621 was conducted. As of October 12, 2016, 18 subjects were treated with TTI-621 with doses of 0.05-0.3 mg/kg. Multiple pharmacodynamic and hematologic assessments were performed to characterize the effects of TTI-621 and better understand the mechanism of action. Methods: Serial blood draws were analyzed for CD47 receptor occupancy (RO), complete blood counts, cytokines, T cell repertoire changes and CD47, SIRPα and FcR sequences. CD47 expression, macrophage and T cell infiltration was assessed on biopsies by IHC. Results: Peripheral CD47 levels varied considerably between subjects and were inversely correlated with RO. A maximum of 80% RO was achieved on peripheral leukocytes. Circulating monocytes, neutrophils, and lymphocytes were transiently decreased at the end of the TTI-621 infusion and generally returned to baseline levels by 24 to 72 hours. Platelet counts decreased immediately after TTI-621 infusions, typically recovering to baseline levels prior to the subsequent treatment cycle. Hemoglobin levels did not meaningfully change during treatment. Cytokines associated with macrophage activation or phagocytosis, notably MIP-1α, MIP-1β, TNF-α and IP-10 were elevated in a dose dependent manner. Conclusions: Systemic administration of TTI-621 leads to CD47 blockade and dose dependent increases in cytokines associated with phagocytosis, temporally associated with reversible thrombocytopenia, suggesting enhanced macrophage mediated clearance of circulating platelets followed by a robust marrow regenerative response. Enrollment into multiple expansion cohorts addressing a wide range of hematopoietic cancers is ongoing. Clinical trial information: NCT02663518.
Let me join you! Real-time F-formation recognition by a socially aware robot (2020)

This paper presents a novel architecture to detect social groups in real-time from a continuous image stream of an ego-vision camera. F-formation defines social orientations in space where two or more person tends to communicate in a social place. Thus, essentially, we detect F-formations in social gatherings such as meetings, discussions, etc. and predict the robot's approach angle if it wants to join the social group. Additionally, we also detect outliers, i.e., the persons who are not part of the group under consideration. Our proposed pipeline consists of - a) a skeletal key points estimator (a total of 17) for the detected human in the scene, b) a learning model (using a feature vector based on the skeletal points) using CRF to detect groups of people and outlier person in a scene, and c) a separate learning model using a multi-class Support Vector Machine (SVM) to predict the exact F-formation of the group of people in the current scene and the angle of approach for the viewing robot. The system is evaluated using two data-sets. The results show that the group and outlier detection in a scene using our method establishes an accuracy of 91%. We have made rigorous comparisons of our systems with a state-of-the-art F-formation detection system and found that it outperforms the state-of-the-art by 29% for formation detection and 55% for combined detection of the formation and approach angle.
Near capacity linear closed form precoder design with recursive Stream Selection for MU-MIMO broadcast channels (2011)

This paper proposes a novel closed form (CF) precoder design for multi-user multiple input multiple output broadcast channel (MU-MIMO BC). The proposed algorithm is based on Null Space Zero-Forcing or Null Space Zero-Forcing with Greedy Stream Selection. The idea is to construct the precoder in a recursive stream-wise manner. The design proceeds in two steps. The first step is a recursive selection of the best streams, under a zero-forcing (ZF) constraint. The selection is based on an extension of Gram-Schmidt orthogonalization for the MIMO channel case, involving SVDs (geared towards per stream DPC). The streams associated to the strongest singular values get selected. In a second step, the precoder for the selected streams are calculated according to one among several possible precoding techniques with eventually a power distribution optimization. The proposed algorithm is then compared to the best algorithms in the literature namely the ZFBF-SUS and to it's DPC version ZFDPC-SUS. The obtained results showed better performances closer to DPC.
A study on flexible block partitioning for future video coding standards (2022)

For each generation of video coding standard, increasing the block partitioning flexibility has been very efficient. From fixed-size square blocks to rectangle-sized blocks, the new block shapes have significantly improved the video compression efficiency. During the development of Versatile Video Coding (VVC), the latest video standard developed by the Moving Picture Experts Group (MPEG), it was shown that the flexible partitioning, adding the Binary Tree (BT) and the Ternary Tree (TT) splits on top of the Quadtree (QT) splits, was the tool bringing the highest compression gains over previous standard High Efficiency Video Coding (HEVC). BT and TT splits brought a lot of flexibility to the block partitioning mechanism. During the VVC development, more flexible partitioning tools have also been studied, namely Asymmetric Binary Tree (ABT). In this paper, we show how increasing partition flexibility on top of newest video codec still brings additional gains.
Membrane Cofactor Protein (MCP or CD46): Newest Member of the Regulators of Complement Activation Gene Cluster (1991)

Membrane cofactor protein (MCP; CD46) is a widely distributed C3b/C4b-binding cell surface glycoprotein which serves as an inhibitor of complement activation on host cells. The protein has been purified, multiple cDNAs cloned and sequenced, and the genomic organization determined. MCP belongs to a family known as the regulators of complement activation (RCA) gene cluster. The RCA members are related structurally [possess approximately 60 amino acid repeating motifs termed short consensus repeats (SCR)], functionally (bind C3b/C4b), and genetically (genes are tightly clustered on chromosome 1 at q3.2). Beginning at its amino-terminus, MCP is composed of four SCRs, a ser/thr/pro-enriched region, an area of undefined function, a transmembrane hydrophobic domain, a cytoplasmic anchor and cytoplasmic tail. On SDS-PAGE, MCP migrates as two broad forms with Mrs of 59,000-68,000 and 51,000-58,000. The quantity of each form expressed is inherited in an autosomal codominant fashion. This structural heterogeneity is partly explained by the expression of multiple cDNA/protein isoforms that arise by alternative splicing of ser/thr/pro-rich exons (sites of heavy O-glycosylation) and of cytoplasmic tails. This protein is of interest to immunologists and clinicians because of its role in regulation of the complement pathways and, therefore, inflammation in immune complex-mediated syndromes; to reproductive immunologists on account of its expression on sperm and at the maternal-fetal interface; and to tumor immunologists because of its high expression on malignant cells. The availability of monoclonal and polyclonal antibodies and molecular probes will be helpful in addressing questions about the biology of MCP in these and other areas.
Quantitation of Human Seroresponsiveness to Merkel Cell Polyomavirus (2009)

Merkel cell carcinoma (MCC) is a relatively uncommon but highly lethal form of skin cancer. A majority of MCC tumors carry DNA sequences derived from a newly identified virus called Merkel cell polyomavirus (MCV or MCPyV), a candidate etiologic agent underlying the development of MCC. To further investigate the role of MCV infection in the development of MCC, we developed a reporter vector-based neutralization assay to quantitate MCV-specific serum antibody responses in human subjects. Our results showed that 21 MCC patients whose tumors harbored MCV DNA all displayed vigorous MCV-specific antibody responses. Although 88% (42/48) of adult subjects without MCC were MCV seropositive, the geometric mean titer of the control group was 59-fold lower than the MCC patient group (p<0.0001). Only 4% (2/48) of control subjects displayed neutralizing titers greater than the mean titer of the MCV-positive MCC patient population. MCC tumors were found not to express detectable amounts of MCV VP1 capsid protein, suggesting that the strong humoral responses observed in MCC patients were primed by an unusually immunogenic MCV infection, and not by viral antigen expressed by the MCC tumor itself. The occurrence of highly immunogenic MCV infection in MCC patients is unlikely to reflect a failure to control polyomavirus infections in general, as seroreactivity to BK polyomavirus was similar among MCC patients and control subjects. The results support the concept that MCV infection is a causative factor in the development of most cases of MCC. Although MCC tumorigenesis can evidently proceed in the face of effective MCV-specific antibody responses, a small pilot animal immunization study revealed that a candidate vaccine based on MCV virus-like particles (VLPs) elicits antibody responses that robustly neutralize MCV reporter vectors in vitro. This suggests that a VLP-based vaccine could be effective for preventing the initial establishment of MCV infection.
Fluorine-modified vitamin D3 analogs. (1985)

Studies on fluorine-modified vitamin D3 analogs : the design, synthesis and biological activity are reviewed. On the basis of the metabolism of vitamin D3 and the characteristic features of fluorine and fluorinated compounds, fluorine-modified vitamin D3 analogs were designed, synthesized and their biological activity was investigated to clarify the physiological significance of the metabolic hydroxylation of vitamin D3.
Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus Pathogenesis, Disease and Vaccines (2004)

The availability of reverse genetic systems has made it possible to engineer and recover coronavirus variants that contain multiple genetically stable mutations that grow well in culture but are attenuated for replication, virulence or both. Such variants will be platforms for the safe growth of SARS-CoV and candidates for live attenuated vaccines.
Microbial conversion of .EPSILON.-pyrromycinone and .EPSILON.-isorhodomycinone to 1-hydroxy-13-dihydrodaunomycin and n-formyl-1-hydroxy-13-dihydrodaunomycin and their bioactivities. (1980)

New anthracycline antibiotics, 1-hydroxy-13-dihydrodaunomycin and N-formyl-1-hydroxy-13-dihydrodaunomycin were biosynthesized by a blocked mutant of Streptomyces coeruleorubidus ME130-A4 from epsilon-pyrromycinone or epsilon-isorhodomycinone.
STI techniques for isolation of RF-SOI devices (2017)

Shallow trench isolation (STI) plays an important role in preventing current leakage between active semiconductor regions and enables the industry to scale device density. STI is created early during the device fabrication process, before transistors are formed. There are mainly two ways to create the isolation: through oxide growth between active shapes (referred to as LOCOS), and by etching the trenches, filling with dielectric and removing the excessive dielectric using chemical-mechanical planarization, which is a CMP based STI technique. CMP STI can be done in 3 ways namely direct, mask aligned (Process A) and self-aligned (Process B).
Evolution of anisotropic reflection gratings formed in holographic polymer-dispersed liquid crystals (2001)

The temporal evolution of an anisotropic reflection grating produced in a holographic polymer-dispersed liquid crystal film is investigated. We find that this type of grating is preceded in time by an isotropic concentration grating, and that the development of the anisotropic grating can be delayed until several seconds after laser exposure. The formation of an anisotropic grating is nearly coincident with the onset of phase separation of liquid crystal and implies a macroscopic ordering of liquid crystal droplet directors. Detailed knowledge of grating evolution may allow in situ control over the polarization sensitivity of the hologram.
Pharmacologically modified pluripotent stem cell-based cancer vaccines with anti-metastatic potential (2020)

ABSTRACT Cancer is maintained by the activity of a rare population of self-renewing “cancer stem cells” (CSCs), which are resistant to conventional therapies. CSCs share several antigenic determinants with pluripotent stem cells (PSCs). We show here that PSCs, combined with a histone deacetylase inhibitor (HDACi), are able to elicit major anti-tumor responses in a model of highly aggressive breast cancer. This immunotherapy strategy was effective in preventing tumor establishment and efficiently targeted CSCs by inducing extensive modifications of the tumor microenvironment. The anti-tumor effect was correlated with a reduction in regulatory T and myeloid-derived suppressor cell populations and an increase in cytotoxic CD8 + T cells within the tumor and the spleen along with a drastic reduction in metastatic dissemination and an improvement in the survival rate. These results demonstrate for the first time the possibility of using PSCs and HDACi as an allogeneic anticancer vaccine, in future universal immunotherapy strategies.
Color Demosaicing Using Structural Instability (2016)

This paper introduces a new metric for approximating structural instability in Bayer image data. We show that the metric can be used to identify and classify validity of color correlation in local image regions. The metric is used to improve interpolation performance of an existing state-of-the-art single pass linear demosaicing algorithm, with virtually no impact on computational GPGPU complexity and performance. Using four different image sets, the modification is shown to outperform the original method in terms of visual quality, by having an average increase in PSNR of 0.7dB in the red, 1.5dB in the green and 0.6dB in the blue channel respectively. Because of fewer high-frequency artifacts, the average output data size also decreases by 2.5%.
Granulocyte/Macrophage Colony Stimulating Factor (1989)

Granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) is a well-characterized hematopoietic growth factor. Recently, using purified recombinant-derived material, we have found that GM-CSF is also a potent activator of mature functional macrophages. Thus, we have found that exogenous GM-CSF augments the primary plaque-forming response to sheep red blood cells and that this effect is due to upregulation of Ia antigen expression and interleukin 1 production by the macrophages. We also show that GM-CSF inhibits the replication of Trypanosoma cruzi in cultured peritoneal macrophages and causes an accelerated clearance of Salmonella typhimurium from the peritoneal cavity of mice. These data indicate that GM-CSF is a multifunctional molecule stimulating both hematopoiesis and mature macrophage function.
U-Wear (2015)

Wearable medical sensing devices with wireless capabilities have become the cornerstone of many revolutionary digital health applications that promise to predict and treat major diseases by acquiring and processing health information. Existing wireless wearable devices are connected through radio frequency (RF) electromagnetic wave carriers based on standards such as Bluetooth or WiFi. However, these solutions tend to almost-blindly scale down traditional wireless technologies to the body environment, with little or no attention to the peculiar characteristics of the human body and the severe privacy and security requirements of patients. We contend that this is not the only possible approach, and we present U-Wear, the first networking framework for wearable medical devices based on ultrasonic communications.
Floating-Point Fused Multiply-Add Architectures (2007)

Two new floating-point fused multiply-add architectures for the single instruction execution of (A times B) + C are presented. The three-path architecture uses parallel hardware paths similar to those in dual-path floating-point adders. The new bridge architecture re-uses common floating-point components to add a fused multiply-add instruction. Each new architecture as well as a collection of floating-point arithmetic units and a classic fused multiplier-adder have been designed using the advanced micro devices 65 nanometer silicon on insulator CMOS technology to fairly compare the new architectures.
A Fast Ambiguity Resolution Technique for RTK Embedded Within a GPS Receiver (2002)

GPS carrier phase integer ambiguity resolution is still the key issue and challenge for high accuracy RTK survey and navigation. Due to speed and memory limitations of OEM GPS receiver boards, the calculation efficiency is of prime importance since it affects the elapsed time before ambiguities can be resolved. Of course, the reliability of the ambiguity resolution process is also a significant concern. A new technique is presented based upon the Residual Sensitivity Matrix [8], which relates the search integer ambiguity set to each carrier phase residual directly. The technique uses the Singular Value Decomposition of the Residual Sensitivity Matrix to find the minimum search space. The technique not only improves the calculation efficiency and ambiguity resolution time, but also improves the reliability. The search space is minimized by selecting only those combinations of possible ambiguity values which are consistent with the satellite geometry and the measurement residuals. The technique has been implemented within NavCom Technology’s NCT 2000D GPS OEM engine. The RTK function embedded within the engine is a background process, which takes about two seconds elapsed time to search a single epoch of data using a 20MHz CPU. Extensive experimental data shows that 85% of the searches yield the correct integer ambiguity resolution using a single epoch of data within a 9 km baseline. Test results in different scenarios are shown in the article.