gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Phase I Studies of Interleukin (IL)-2 and Rituximab in B-Cell Non-Hodgkin’s Lymphoma (2004)

Addition of IL-2 to rituximab therapy is safe and, using thrice-weekly IL-2 dosing, results in NK cell expansion that correlates with response. This combination treatment regimen merits additional evaluation in a randomized clinical trial.
<title>Reticle specific compensations to meet production overlay requirements for 64 MB and beyond</title> (1994)

A novel technology has been developed whereby a database of reticle specific compensation can be utilized to correct for magnification, rotation, and translational reticle manufacturing errors. Whenever a given reticle is loaded into the stepper, a reticle barcode defining that specific reticle is read. This barcode is associated with a set of reticle specific compensations that are automatically applied during the execution of a production batch. Reticle compensations can be either empirically determined or taken from reticle manufacturing information. Algorithms have been developed which determine reticle specific compensations based on either the manufacturing data or empirically determined data. This data is easily entered into a database allowing any stepper to access reticle compensation information for any reticle. This paper discusses the procedures involved in determining and implementing reticle specific compensations and presents production overlay data indicating overlay performance with and without reticle compensations.
Role of Academic Advising in Mitigating the Challenges of Ethnic Minority Students at Universiti Teknologi Malaysia (2015)

The paper investigated the academic advising experiences of ethnic minority students at Universiti Teknologi Malaysia (UTM). The main purpose of the paper was to examine the challenges faced and coping strategies used by the ethnic minority students as well as the role of academic advisors to ensure that students from ethnic minorities are able to complete their studies within the stipulated period of time. An in-depth interview was conducted to collect data. The interview was recorded and transcribed verbatim. The data qualitative were analyzed in the form of thematic analysis using NVivo10. The analysis revealed that ethnic minority students experienced many challenges and problems during their studies at UTM. The results revealed that communication barrier is one of the challenges that ethnic students faced during their studies. To overcome, these challenges and problems they learned and applied different coping strategies. In spite of those efforts, the ethnic students still require additional help and support from their academic advisors.
A Mucosal and Cutaneous Chemokine Ligand for the Lymphocyte Chemoattractant Receptor GPR15 (2017)

Chemoattractants control lymphocyte recruitment from the blood, contributing to the systemic organization of the immune system. The G protein-linked receptor GPR15 mediates lymphocyte homing to the large intestines and skin. Here we show that the 9 kDa CC-motif containing cationic polypeptide AP57/colon-derived sushi containing domain-2 binding factor (CSBF), encoded by <i>C10orf99</i> in the human and <i>2610528A11Rik</i> in the mouse, functions as a chemokine ligand for GPR15 (GPR15L). GPR15L binds GPR15 and attracts GPR15-expressing T cells including lymphocytes in colon-draining lymph nodes and Vγ3<sup>+</sup> thymic precursors of dermal epithelial T cells. Patterns of GPR15L expression by epithelial cells in adult mice and humans suggest a homeostatic role for the chemokine in lymphocyte localization to the large intestines, as well as a role in homing to the epidermis during wound healing or inflammation. GPR15L is also significantly expressed in squamous mucosa of the oral cavity and esophagus with still poorly defined regulation. Identification of the chemotactic activity of GPR15L adds to its reported antibacterial and tumor cell growth regulatory functions and suggests the potential of targeting GPR15L-GPR15 interactions for modulation of mucosal and cutaneous inflammation.
Prototype design and manufacturing method of an 8 cm diameter RF ion thruster (2013)

Among the various types of plasma thrusters developed over the last few decades for in-space propulsion applications of satellites and spacecrafts, Hall effect thrusters and ion engines are the most studied ones. The work at Bogazici University is concentrated on radio frequency ion thrusters. In this paper the design and manufacturing methods of the BURFIT-80 (Bogazici University Radio Frequency Ion Thruster-80) are explained. The BURFIT-80 is an experimental ion thruster and will be tested in the vacuum chamber at Bogazici University. The Ion Thruster has a cylindrical discharge chamber having an inner diameter and outer of diameter of 80 mm and 88 mm respectively, with a length of 72 mm. A double grid system with 91 holes is implemented. Preliminary calculations suggest that the thruster will generate thrust in the range of 2 to 6 mN. A discussion on material selection and manufacturing methods is presented for the production of the prototype.
Coupled Electrochemical Reactions at Bipolar Microelectrodes and Nanoelectrodes (2012)

Here we report the voltammetric study of coupled electrochemical reactions on microelectrodes and nanoelectrodes in a closed bipolar cell. We use steady-state cyclic voltammetry to discuss the overall voltammetric response of closed bipolar electrodes (BPEs) and understand its dependence on the concentration of redox species and electrode size. Much of the previous work in bipolar electroanalytical chemistry has focused on the use of an "open" cell with the BPE located in an open microchannel. A closed BPE, on the other hand, has two poles placed in separate compartments and has remained relatively unexplored in this field. In this work, we demonstrated that carbon-fiber microelectrodes when backfilled with an electrolyte to establish conductivity are closed BPEs. The coupling between the oxidation reaction, e.g., dopamine oxidation, on the carbon disk/cylinder and the reduction of oxygen on the interior fiber is likely to be responsible for the conductivity. We also demonstrated the ability to quantitatively measure voltammetric properties of both the cathodic and anodic poles in a closed bipolar cell from a single cyclic voltammetry (CV) scan. It was found that "secondary" reactions such as oxygen reduction play an important role in this process. We also described the fabrication and use of Pt bipolar nanoelectrodes which may serve as a useful platform for future advances in nanoscale bipolar electrochemistry.
Induction of somatic mutation and recombination by four inhibitors of eukaryotic topoisomerases assayed in the wing spot test of <i>Drosophila melanogaster</i> (1996)

Four inhibitors of eukaryotic topoisomerases were investigated for genotoxic effects in the wing spot test of Drosophila melanogaster. As a somatic mutation and recombination test (SMART) this assay assesses mitotic recombination and mutational events of various kinds. We studied camptothecin as a topoisomerase I inhibitor, as well as ellipticine as an intercalating inhibitor and teniposide and etoposide as two non-intercalating inhibitors of topoisomerase II. Wing spots were induced in flies trans-heterozygous for the recessive wing cell markers multiple wing hairs (mwh) and flare (flr3) as well as in flies heterozygous for mwh and the multiply inverted TM3 balancer chromosome. All four compounds proved significantly genotoxic in this test. The spot induction frequencies formally standardized to the millimolar unit of exposure dose decreased in the order camptothecin > teniposide > ellipticine greater, similar etoposide in the mwh/flr3 inversion-free genotype. In the mwh/TM3 genotype, in which mitotic crossing over is suppressed because of the inversion-heterozygosity, the observed spot frequencies were considerably reduced, but to different extents. In this genotype, spot induction by ellipticine was not statistically significant, and it was determined that >99% of the spots are due to mitotic recombination in mwh/flr3 flies. For the other compounds, spot induction in the inversion-heterozygous genotype was significant. The relative contribution of recombination to total spot induction in the inversion-free genotype was 88% for camptothecin. It was significantly lower for the two epipodophyllotoxins teniposide (71%) and etoposide (59%). Only suggestions can be proffered at present as to how these proportions could be related to the primary damage produced by the respective compounds on the chromosomes.
Retiming Pulsed-Latch Circuits With Regulating Pulse Width (2011)

A pulsed-latch is an ideal sequencing element for high-performance application-specific integrated circuit designs due to its simple timing model and reduced sequencing overhead. The possibility of time-borrowing while a latch is transparent is deliberately ignored in pulsed-latch circuits to simplify the timing model. However, using more than one pulse width allows another form of time-borrowing, which preserves the simple timing model. The associated problem of allocating pulse widths is called pulse width allocation (PWA); and we combine it with retiming to achieve a shorter clock period in pulsed-latch circuits than can be obtained by retiming or PWA alone, with less requirement for extra latches than standard retiming. An exact solution can be obtained by an integer linear programming, but this is restricted to small circuits. We therefore introduce a practical heuristic, which performs clock skew scheduling to find the minimum clock period and then brings the clock skew as nearly back to zero as possible by converting it to combined retiming and PWA. Experiments with 45 nm technology circuits suggest that the heuristic algorithm achieves a clock period that is close to minimum in most circuits, with an average 23% reduction compared to initial circuit, at an average cost of a 16% increase in the number of latches. On the same benchmarks, standard retiming achieves a 20% reduction in clock period with a 29% increase in the number of latches. The cost in extra area and energy is reasonable.
Synergistic efficacy of Bisbenzimidazole and Carbonyl Cyanide 3-Chlorophenylhydrazone combination against MDR bacterial strains (2017)

Activation of efflux systems and the formation of biofilm are majorly adapted by microbes to resist antimicrobial agents. PPEF (bisbenzimidazole) targeting topoisomerase IA is observed to be an effective bactericidal agent against both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacterial strains and thus can be developed as potent broad-spectrum antibiotic against MDR strains. PPEF treatment did not cause target specific mutation instead it leads to up-regulation of efflux gene in E. coli K12 as a mechanism of resistance. Microscopy, fluorescence spectroscopy and flow cytometry result demonstrate higher accumulation of PPEF in efflux gene deleted E. coli K12 mutants, and also suggest that Carbonyl Cyanide 3-Chlorophenylhydrazone (CCCP), resist the efflux of PPEF, and thus increases efficacy of PPEF. Herein, we report, PPEF and CCCP synergistically killed the persistent bacterial cells, which are not killed by PPEF alone. The above two compounds together inhibited biofilm formation, eradicate preformed biofilms and kills the biofilm cells of P. aeruginosa. PPEF and CCCP together reduced bacterial load of E. coli ATCC25922 by 6 log<sub>10</sub> in neutropenic thigh infection model of balb/c mice. Present study suggests that combination therapy could be a promising antimicrobial strategy to handle MDR pathogenic strains.
Nonspecific-user hand gesture recognition by using MEMS accelerometer (2014)

Hand gestures are a form of nonverbal communication, which allow a person to communicate a range of thoughts and feelings with or without speech. Here MEMS 3 axis accelerometer to detect the input gestures as X, Y, Z direction. The axis is to detect the four types of gesture, which includes up, down, left, right. The hand motion of data collected will directly send to the microcontroller to run on a PC with the help of wireless module. The data will compressed by different users, gesture to extract from sign sequence and template matching. A single gesture has contain an 8 numbers code. This code reduces the hundreds of data values in single gesture and also to compare with the stored templates. In this paper three models has introduced and discussed about its accuracy. The sequence of gesture contain 85 experiments, finally the results achieves an overall accuracy of 96% based on the sign sequence generation and template matching, this each recognition contains the ranging from 94% to 100%.
Therapy with activated prothrombin complex concentrate is effective in reducing dabigatran-associated blood loss in a porcine polytrauma model (2015)

Clinical use of non-vitamin K antagonist oral anticoagulants is increasingly well established. However, specific agents for reversal of these drugs are not currently available. It was to objective of this study to investigate the impact of activated prothrombin complex concentrate (aPCC) on the anticoagulant effects of dabigatran in a randomised, controlled, porcine trauma model. Twenty-one pigs received oral and intravenous dabigatran, resulting in supratherapeutic plasma concentrations. Twelve minutes after injury (standardised bilateral femur fractures and blunt liver injury), animals (n=7/group) received 25 or 50 U/kg aPCC (aPCC25 and aPCC50) or placebo (control) and were followed for 5 hours. The primary endpoint was total volume of blood loss (BL). Haemodynamic and coagulation variables (prothrombin time [PT], activated partial thromboplastin time, diluted thrombin time, thrombin-antithrombin complexes, thromboelastometry, thrombin generation and D-dimers) were measured. Twelve minutes post-injury, BL was similar between groups. Compared with control (total BL: 3807 ± 570 ml) and aPCC25 (3690 ± 454 ml; p=0.77 vs control), a significant reduction in total BL (1639 ± 276 ml; p< 0.0001) and improved survival (p< 0.05) was observed with aPCC50. Dabigatran's anticoagulant effects were effectively treated in the aPCC50 group, as measured by several parameters including EXTEM clotting time (CT) and PT. In contrast, with aPCC25, laboratory values were initially corrected but subsequently deteriorated due to ongoing blood loss. Thromboembolic or bleeding effects were not detected. In conclusion, blood loss following trauma in dabigatran-anticoagulated pigs was successfully reduced by 50 U/kg aPCC. Optimal methodology for measuring amelioration of dabigatran anticoagulation by aPCC is yet to be determined.
Drinking Water Nitrate and Human Health: An Updated Review (2018)

Nitrate levels in our water resources have increased in many areas of the world largely due to applications of inorganic fertilizer and animal manure in agricultural areas. The regulatory limit for nitrate in public drinking water supplies was set to protect against infant methemoglobinemia, but other health effects were not considered. Risk of specific cancers and birth defects may be increased when nitrate is ingested under conditions that increase formation of <i>N</i>-nitroso compounds. We previously reviewed epidemiologic studies before 2005 of nitrate intake from drinking water and cancer, adverse reproductive outcomes and other health effects. Since that review, more than 30 epidemiologic studies have evaluated drinking water nitrate and these outcomes. The most common endpoints studied were colorectal cancer, bladder, and breast cancer (three studies each), and thyroid disease (four studies). Considering all studies, the strongest evidence for a relationship between drinking water nitrate ingestion and adverse health outcomes (besides methemoglobinemia) is for colorectal cancer, thyroid disease, and neural tube defects. Many studies observed increased risk with ingestion of water nitrate levels that were below regulatory limits. Future studies of these and other health outcomes should include improved exposure assessment and accurate characterization of individual factors that affect endogenous nitrosation.
Structure—Property Relationship of Permutite‐Like Amorphous Silicates, Na<sub>x+2y</sub>M<sup>3+</sup><sub>x</sub>Si<sub>1‐x</sub>O<sub>2+y</sub> (M<sup>3+</sup>: Al, Mn, Fe, Y), for Ion‐Exchange Reactions. (2005)

Abstract For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Java replay for dependence-based debugging (2011)

In this article, we present a system intended to help students understand and debug concurrent Java programs. The system instruments Java classes to produce execution traces. These traces can then be used to construct a dynamic dependence graph showing the interactions between the different operations performed in the program. These interactions are used as the basis for an interactive visualisation that can be used to explore the execution of a program and trace incorrect program behaviour back from a symptom to the execution of incorrect code.
A high accuracy ultrasonic distance measurement system using binary frequency shift-keyed signal and phase detection (2002)

A highly accurate binary frequency shift-keyed (BFSK) ultrasonic distance measurement system (UDMS) for use in isothermal air is described. This article presents an efficient algorithm which combines both the time-of-flight (TOF) method and the phase-shift method. The proposed method can obtain larger range measurement than the phase-shift method and also get higher accuracy compared with the TOF method. A single-chip microcomputer-based BFSK signal generator and phase detector was designed to record and compute the TOF, two phase shifts, and the resulting distance, which were then sent to either an LCD to display or a PC to calibrate. Experiments were done in air using BFSK with the frequencies of 40 and 41 kHz. Distance resolution of 0.05% of the wavelength corresponding to the frequency of 40 kHz was obtained. The range accuracy was found to be within ±0.05 mm at a range of over 6000 mm. The main advantages of this UDMS system are high resolution, low cost, narrow bandwidth requirement, and ease of implementation.
High performing and stable supported nano-alloys for the catalytic hydrogenation of levulinic acid to γ-valerolactone (2015)

The catalytic hydrogenation of levulinic acid, a key platform molecule in many biorefinery schemes, into γ-valerolactone is considered as one of the pivotal reactions to convert lignocellulose-based biomass into renewable fuels and chemicals. Here we report on the development of highly active, selective and stable supported metal catalysts for this reaction and on the beneficial effects of metal nano-alloying. Bimetallic random alloys of gold-palladium and ruthenium-palladium supported on titanium dioxide are prepared with a modified metal impregnation method. Gold-palladium/titanium dioxide shows a marked,~27-fold increase in activity (that is, turnover frequency of 0.1 s(-1)) compared with its monometallic counterparts. Although ruthenium-palladium/titanium dioxide is not only exceptionally active (that is, turnover frequency of 0.6 s(-1)), it shows excellent, sustained selectivity to γ-valerolactone (99%). The dilution and isolation of ruthenium by palladium is thought to be responsible for this superior catalytic performance. Alloying, furthermore, greatly improves the stability of both supported nano-alloy catalysts.
Protein expression, survival and docetaxel benefit in node-positive breast cancer treated with adjuvant chemotherapy in the FNCLCC - PACS 01 randomized trial (2011)

In patients with node-positive EBC receiving adjuvant anthracycline-based chemotherapy, the most powerful predictor of docetaxel benefit is Ki67-positivity.
Lukurmata: household archaeology in prehispanic Bolivia (1994)

Household archaeology, together with community and regional settlement information, forms the basis for a unique local perspective of Andean prehistory in this study of the evolution of the site of Lukurmata, a pre-Columbian community in highland Bolivia. First established nearly 2000 years ago, Lukurmata grew to be a major ceremonial centre in the Tiwanaku state, a polity that dominated the south-central Andes from 400 to 1200 AD. After the Tiwanaku state collapsed, Lukurmata rapidly declined, becoming once again a small village. In his analysis of 1300-year-old changes in Lukurmata, the author traces patterns in the organization of domestic life, household ritual, ties to other communities and mortuary activities, as well as household adaptations to political and economic trends.
Cartilage and joint inflammation. Regulation of IL-8 expression by human articular chondrocytes (1992)

Injury to cartilage is a recognized sequela of neutrophil activation in arthritic joints. This study examined the possibility that chondrocytes may play a direct role in intraarticular neutrophil activation. We demonstrate that IL-1 beta-stimulated primary and subcultured human articular chondrocytes, express the gene for the potent neutrophil chemotactic and activating cytokine, IL-8. Expression of IL-8 mRNA is also inducible by TNF-alpha and LPS and, to a lesser degree, by the chondrocyte growth factor, transforming growth factor-beta, but not by platelet-derived growth factor, acidic and basic fibroblast growth factor, or epidermal growth factor. Analysis of IL-1 beta-stimulated cartilage organ cultures by in situ hybridization demonstrates that chondrocytes in all zones of cartilage are rapidly induced to express the IL-8 gene in high copy number. Metabolically labeled IL-1 beta-stimulated chondrocytes synthesize IL-8 de novo, which comigrates on SDS-PAGE with IL-8 produced by synovial fibroblasts. Furthermore, the conditioned media of IL-1 beta-stimulated chondrocytes and cartilage organ cultures contain neutrophil chemotactic activity which is completely neutralized by a specific antibody to IL-8, establishing that a bioactive form of IL-8 is the major secreted neutrophil chemotactic factor. By using a specific RIA, we demonstrate that not only IL-1 beta, but also TNF-alpha and LPS can induce abundant IL-8 secretion from chondrocytes. In conclusion, articular chondrocytes are readily inducible to express the IL-8 gene and secrete biologically active IL-8 which can promote neutrophil-mediated inflammation and cartilage destruction.
Simplifying Multiobjective Optimization Using Genetic Algorithms (2003)

Many water resources problems require careful balancing of fiscal, technical, and social objectives. Informed negotiation and balancing of objectives can be greatly aided through the use of evolutionary multiobjective optimization (EMO) algorithms, which can evolve entire tradeoff (or Pareto) surfaces within a single run. The primary difficulty in using these methods lies in the large number of parameters that must be specified to ensure that these algorithms effectively quantify design tradeoffs. This paper addresses this difficulty by introducing a multi-population design methodology that automates parameter specification for the Nondominated Sorted Genetic Algorithm-II (NSGA-II). The NSGA-II design methodology is successfully demonstrated on a multiobjective long-term groundwater monitoring application. The design methodology fully exploits the efficiency of the NSGA-II to enable the solution of a new class of high order multiobjective applications in which users can balance more than two performance objectives. Using this methodology, multiobjective optimization problems can now be solved automatically with only a few simple user inputs.