gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Synthesis of Proteins by Native Chemical Ligation Using Fmoc‐Based Chemistry (2006)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Switchable Fresnel lens based on hybrid photo-aligned dual frequency nematic liquid crystal (2016)

In this article we disclose a method to fabricate a polarization independent dual frequency liquid crystal (DFLC) Fresnel lens (FL) with relatively high efficiency. The switchable FL is based on a patterned hybrid photo-aligned nematic (HPAN) DFLC cell assembled by one substrate providing the homeotropic anchoring and the other one providing the in-plane patterned alignment, with mutually orthogonal easy axis in the neighboring alignment domains, which has been prepared by means of two-step photo-alignment technique. Due to the electro-optical properties of dual frequency LC, the proposed HPAN DFLC FL, which manifests relatively high diffraction efficiency of 38.5% and low driving voltage, has the possibility of achieving a fast response by alternatively switching between high frequency and low frequency electric fields. Thus, with an excellent rewritable performance leading to the alternative focus/defocus switch, the HPAN DFLC FL would definitely be practical and promising in many modern devices.
27—SOLVENT-APPLIED FLAME-RESIST TREATMENTS FOR WOOL, COTTON, AND WOOL–COTTON BLENDS (1977)

Fluoro-complexes of titanium, zirconium, tin, and antimony improve the natural flame-resistance of wool when applied by a water-in-oil emulsion exhaustion technique in which common dry-cleaning solvents are used. Evaluations of limiting-oxygen and limiting-nitrous-oxide indices indicate that these complexes act predominantly in the solid phase, The treatments are fast to dry-cleaning but only the fluorotitanate and fluorozirconate treatments are fast to washing. Zinc fluoroborate is an effective flame-retardant for wool, cotton, and their blends, and it can be applied by exhaustion or spraying from solvent emulsions. This treatment is fast to dry-cleaning but is affected by washing.
Active Control for an Offshore Crane Using Prediction of the Vessel’s Motion (2010)

During offshore installations in harsh sea conditions, the involved crane system must satisfy rigorous requirements in terms of safety and efficiency. The forces resulting from the vertical motion of the vessel have an extensive effect on the overall crane structure and its lifetime. Moreover, vessel motion handicaps the operator during fine positioning of the payload. Hence, an active compensation system for the vertical vessel motion is proposed. An important point to consider for such systems is the time delay between the sensors and actuators, which diminishes performance. To compensate the dead times in the system, a prediction algorithm for the vertical motion of the vessel is proposed in the first part. In the second part, an inversion-based control strategy for the hydraulic-driven winch is formulated that considers the dynamic behavior of the drive system. A feedforward controller compensates the vertical-motion disturbance using the predicted motion. The proposed controller together with the prediction algorithm decouple the motion of the rope-suspended payload from the vessel's motion. The active compensation approach is evaluated with simulation and measurement results.
A 16X16 Discrete Cosine Transform Chip (1987)

Among various transform coding techniques for image compression the Discrete Cosine Transform (DCT) is considered to be the most effective method and has been widely used in the laboratory as well as in the market, place. DCT is computationally intensive. For video application at 14.3 MHz sample rate, a direct implementation of a 16x16 DCT requires a throughput, rate of approximately half a billion multiplications per second. In order to reduce the cost of hardware implementation, a single chip DCT implementation is highly desirable. In this paper, the implementation of a 16x16 DCT chip using a concurrent architecture will be presented. The chip is designed for real-time processing of 14.3 MHz sampled video data. It uses row-column decomposition to implement the two-dimensional transform. Distributed arithmetic combined with hit-serial and hit-parallel structures is used to implement the required vector inner products concurrently. Several schemes are utilized to reduce the size of required memory. The resultant circuit only uses memory, shift registers, and adders. No multipliers are required. It achieves high speed performance with a very regular and efficient integrated circuit realization. The chip accepts 0-bit input and produces 14-bit DCT coefficients. 12 bits are maintained after the first one-dimensional transform. The circuit has been laid out using a 2-μm CMOS technology with a symbolic design tool MULGA. The core contains approximately 73,000 transistors in an area of 7.2 x 7.0
Endothelial cells use alpha 2 beta 1 integrin as a laminin receptor. (1989)

Human umbilical vein endothelial cells attach and spread on laminin-coated substrates. Affinity chromatography was used to identify the attachment receptor. Fractionation of extracts from surface-iodinated endothelial cells on human laminin-Sepharose yielded a heterodimeric complex, the subunits of which migrated with molecular sizes corresponding to 160/120 kD and 160/140 kD under nonreducing and reducing conditions, respectively. The purified receptor bound to laminin and slightly less to fibronectin and type IV collagen in a radioreceptor assay. This endothelial cell laminin receptor was classified as an alpha 2 beta 1 integrin because monoclonal and polyclonal antibodies directed against the alpha 2 and bet 1 subunits immunoprecipitated the receptor. Cytofluorometric analysis and immunoprecipitation showed that the alpha 2 subunit is an abundant integrin alpha subunit in the endothelial cells and that the alpha subunits associated with laminin binding in other types of cells are expressed in these cells only at low levels. The alpha 2 beta 1 integrin appears to be a major receptor for laminin in the endothelial cells, because an anti-alpha 2 monoclonal antibody inhibited the attachment of the endothelial cells to human laminin. These results define a new role for the alpha 2 subunit in laminin binding and suggest that the ligand specificity of the alpha 2 beta 1 integrin, which is known as a collagen receptor in other types of cells, can be modulated by cell type-specific factors to include laminin binding.
Real-time tracking of fluorescent magnetic spore–based microrobots for remote detection of <i>C. diff</i> toxins (2019)

A rapid, direct, and low-cost method for detecting bacterial toxins associated with common gastrointestinal diseases remains a great challenge despite numerous studies and clinical assays. Motion-based detection through tracking the emerging micro- and nanorobots has shown great potential in chemo- and biosensing due to accelerated "chemistry on the move". Here, we described the use of fluorescent magnetic spore-based microrobots (FMSMs) as a highly efficient mobile sensing platform for the detection of toxins secreted by <i>Clostridium difficile</i> (<i>C. diff</i>) that were present in patients' stool. These microrobots were synthesized rapidly and inexpensively by the direct deposition of magnetic nanoparticles and the subsequent encapsulation of sensing probes on the porous natural spores. Because of the cooperation effect of natural spore, magnetic Fe<sub>3</sub>O<sub>4</sub> nanoparticles, and functionalized carbon nanodots, selective fluorescence detection of the prepared FMSMs is demonstrated in <i>C. diff</i> bacterial supernatant and even in actual clinical stool samples from infectious patients within tens of minutes, suggesting rapid response and good selectivity and sensitivity of FMSMs toward <i>C. diff</i> toxins.
Improved Alkaline Earth-Oxyhalide Electrochemical Cell for Low Temperature Use. (1988)

This invention relates in general to an alkaline earth-oxyhalide electrochemical cell and in particular, to an improved alkaline earth oxyhalide electrochemical cell for low temperature use. A typical cell includes a calcium anode, 1M Ca(AlCl/sub 4/)/sub 2/ thionyl chloride/75% Shawinigan - 25% acetone washed Black Pearls 2000 carbon black cathode. The improvement to this cell involves the addition of 10 vol. % bromine to the electrolyte. During discharge at about -30 C, cathode potential is raised by about 0.5 volt providing a cell voltage well above the 2.0 volt minimum which is a standard military specification. Without bromine, cell capacity is about one minute. With the addition of bromine, load voltage is initially 2.5 volts, then slowly decreases to 2.0 volts over about twelve minutes.
Nuclear fuel element. [heavy water moderated reactors] (1977)

A nuclear fuel element is described which has a tubular cladding of zirconium or a zirconium alloy and a fission gas plenum chamber which is held against collapse by the loops of a spacer in the form of a tube which has been deformed inwardly at three equally spaced, circumferential positions to provide three loops. A heat resistant disc of graphite separates nuclear fuel pellets within the cladding from the plenum chamber. The spacer is of zirconium or a zirconium alloy.
Validating the Sensitivity and Performance of Near-Infrared Fluorescence Imaging and Tomography Devices Using a Novel Solid Phantom and Measurement Approach (2012)

With the aid of indocyanine green (ICG), lymphatic architecture and function in both mice and humans has been successfully imaged non-invasively using near-infrared (NIR) fluorescence imaging devices. Maximal measurement sensitivity of NIR fluorescence imaging devices is needed for "first-in-humans" molecularly targeting NIR fluorescence agents that are brighter than non-specific ICG. In this study, we developed a solid phantom and measurement approach for the quantification of excitation light leakage and measurement sensitivity of NIR fluorescence imaging devices. The constructed solid phantom, consisting of quantum dots impregnated onto specularly reflective surface, shows long-term stability and can be used as a traceable fluorescence standard. With the constructed solid phantom, the intensified CCD (ICCD)-based device demonstrated more than 300% higher measurement sensitivity compared to the Electron Multiplying CCD (EMCCD) based device when integration time was maintained less than 1.0 s.
Aluminum‐activated citrate and malate transporters from the MATE and ALMT families function independently to confer Arabidopsis aluminum tolerance (2008)

Aluminum-activated root malate and citrate exudation play an important role in plant Al tolerance. This paper characterizes AtMATE, a homolog of the recently discovered sorghum and barley Al-tolerance genes, shown here to encode an Al-activated citrate transporter in Arabidopsis. Together with the previously characterized Al-activated malate transporter, AtALMT1, this discovery allowed us to examine the relationship in the same species between members of the two gene families for which Al-tolerance genes have been identified. AtMATE is expressed primarily in roots and is induced by Al. An AtMATE T-DNA knockdown line exhibited very low AtMATE expression and Al-activated root citrate exudation was abolished. The AtALMT1 AtMATE double mutant lacked both Al-activated root malate and citrate exudation and showed greater Al sensitivity than the AtALMT1 mutant. Therefore, although AtALMT1 is a major contributor to Arabidopsis Al tolerance, AtMATE also makes a significant but smaller contribution. The expression patterns of AtALMT1 and AtMATE and the profiles of Al-activated root citrate and malate exudation are not affected by the presence or absence of the other gene. These results suggest that AtALMT1-mediated malate exudation and AtMATE-mediated citrate exudation evolved independently to confer Al tolerance in Arabidopsis. However, a link between regulation of expression of the two transporters in response to Al was identified through work on STOP1, a transcription factor that was previously shown to be necessary for AtALMT1 expression. Here we show that STOP1 is also required for AtMATE expression and Al-activated citrate exudation.
Prestack rank‐reducing noise suppression: Practice (2009)

Prestack random‐noise suppression is a difficult problem in land seismic processing. A companion paper in this conference describes the theory behind a family of rank‐reduction methods applied in the constant‐frequency domain. These methods, which include eigenimage, Cadzow, and hybrid filters, have properties which appear ideal for performing prestack noise suppression. Here we show how to apply these methods in practice to improve signal‐to‐noise and prepare data for AVO analysis.
Minimal data upgrading to prevent inference and association attacks (1999)

Despite advances in recent years in the area of mandatory access control in database systems, today's information repositories remain vulnerable to inference and data association attacks that can result in serious information leakage. Such information leakage can be prevented by properly classifying information according to constraints that express relationships among the security levels of data objects. In this paper we address the problem of classifying information by enforcing explicit data classification as well as inference and association constraints.
Cationic pullulan nanogel as a safe and effective nasal vaccine delivery system for respiratory infectious diseases (2018)

The mucosal surfaces of the respiratory and gastrointestinal tracts are continuously exposed to countless beneficial and pathologic antigens. These mucosal surfaces are thus equipped with an immune system that is unique from those elsewhere in the body; this unique system provides the first line of immune surveillance and defense against pathogen invasion. The sophisticated immune induction machinery in the aero-digestive tract involves mucosa-associated lymphoid tissues, including nasopharyngeal- and gut-associated lymphoid tissues, for the generation of antigen-specific humoral and cellular immune responses. Consequently, nasal or oral immunization with an appropriate vaccine delivery vehicle prompts the induction of protective immunity in both the mucosal and systemic compartments, leading to a double layer of protection against pathogens. To harness the benefits of mucosal vaccines, various mucosal antigen delivery vehicles are under development, and a cationic cholesteryl-group-bearing pullulan nanogel (cCHP nanogel) has emerged as a potent nasal vaccine delivery system for the induction of protective immunity against respiratory infections.
Polymeric nanofibrous composite membranes for energy efficient ethanol dehydration (2012)

Ethanol derived from the fermentation process (e.g., from corn) is widely used as a blend to improve the air quality and to decrease the demand for gasoline. During the production process, ethanol dehydration is usually carried out by azeotropic distillation, which consumes about twice amount of energy than the “pervaporation” method. The purpose of this study is to demonstrate an energy-efficient nanofibrous composite pervaporation membrane system for production of dehydrated ethanol. The nanofibrous membrane system consists of a cross-linked polyvinyl alcohol hydrophilic barrier layer, an buffer layer based on ultra-fine cellulose nanofibers (diameter about 5 nm), and an electrospun nanofibrous scaffold layer with high porosity (e.g., 80%) and fully interconnected pore structures. The performance between the conventional pervaporation membranes and nanofibrous composite membranes was compared under the same pervaporation conditions.
Miniature vector magnetometer for scanning SQUID microscopy (1997)

We have demonstrated a miniature vector magnetometer for imaging three orthogonal components of the magnetic field in close proximity to a planar sample. This magnetometer consists of three separate SQUIDs fabricated adjacent to each other on a planar substrate using a planarized, three-level-of-metal low-Tc process with features as small as 0.8 /spl mu/m. The z-axis SQUID has a conventional single square pick-up loop, approximately 10 /spl mu/m in size, that connects to remotely located tunnel junctions via a totally enclosed planar coaxial lead structure. The x- and y-axis SQUIDs are of similar design except that the pick-up structures are in the form of multiple-turn planar solenoids about 10 /spl mu/m in size. In this paper we will discuss the design, fabrication, and characterization of the devices along with initial results of the imaging of individual trapped flux quanta.
Real‐time MR imaging of myocardial regional function using strain‐encoding (SENC) with tissue through‐plane motion tracking (2007)

Correction of through-plane motion in real-time cardiac functional imaging is feasible using slice-following. The strain measurements are more accurate than conventional SENC measurements in humans and animals, as validated with conventional MRI tagging.
Tri- and tetrapeptide analogs of kinins as potential renal vasodilators (1984)

Tri- and tetrapeptide analogues were synthesized and evaluated as renal vasodilators. These peptides were prepared by standard coupling reactions, which also provided good yields with hindered alpha-methyl amino acid derivatives. Preliminary evidence of renal vasodilator activity was determined in anesthetized dogs by measuring the effects on renal blood flow and calculating the accompanying changes in renal vascular resistance. The most potent compounds contained, in their basic structure, the L-prolyl-DL-alpha-methylphenylalanyl-L-arginine and L-prolyl-DL-alpha-methylphenylalanylglycyl-L-proline arrays. Substitution on the N-terminal proline with 4-phenylbutyryl and 4-(4-hydroxyphenyl)butyryl side chains produced enhanced renal vasodilator activity and, in certain cases, selectivity for the renal vasculature.
Processing of Lewisite munitions in the explosive destruction system. (2005)

The Explosive Destruction System (EDS) is a transportable system designed to treat chemical munitions. The EDS is transported on an open trailer that provides a mounting surface for major system components and an operator's work platform. The trailer is towed by a prime mover. An explosive containment vessel contains the shock, munition fragments, and the chemical agent during the munition opening process, and then provides a vessel for the subsequent chemical treatment of the agent. A fragmentation suppression system houses the chemical munition and protects the containment vessel from high velocity fragments. An explosive accessing system uses shaped charges to cut the munition open and attack the burster. A firing system detonates the shaped charges. A chemical feed system supplies neutralizing reagents and water to the containment vessel. A waste handling system drains the treated effluent.
High sensitivity pulsed laser vibrometer and its application as a laser microphone (2009)

We experimentally demonstrate a high sensitivity pulsed laser vibrometer that is capable of detecting optically rough surfaces vibrating with the displacement value of 75 pm as well as its application as a laser microphone. By directing the probe light beam repeatedly onto the vibrating diaphragm and/or pressure sensing interface, the sensitivity of the pulsed laser vibrometer in detecting the displacement of the vibrating diaphragm is significantly improved down to an estimated value of less than 4 pm In this paper, we present the principles of operation of this new kind of laser microphone together with experimental validations.
Strengthened Lithium for X-ray Blast Windows (2007)

Summary form only given. The X-ray transmission of lithium should be unaffected when powdered lithium hydride is mixed into the soft metal to improve its mechanical properties. The figures of merit for materials in X-ray blast windows suggest that both lithium and lithium strengthened by LiH are viable alternatives to beryllium for protecting protecting soft X-ray diagnostics in high energy density experiments.
Feedforward control of data rate in wireless networks (2003)

This paper develops a feedforward approach to data rate control in wireless networks. The development is based on designing an optimal, but non-causal, controller and its subsequent "causification", which results in a practical, implementable controller, driven by an estimate of the bit error probability. It is shown that this controller leads to a minimum of 5%-85% increase in average throughput without additional power utilization, as compared with fixed data rate operation.
Synthesis and characterization of a water‐soluble affinity polymer for trypsin purification (1988)

A specific ligand bound polymer has been synthesized for the purpose of purification and stabilization of trypsin, an easily autodigestible enzyme. The affinity polymer was formed by copolymerizing N-acryloyl-m-aminobenzamidine, a strong trypsin inhibitor, and acrylamide in the absence of oxygen. Kinetic studies on the trypsin inhibition revealed that there was a strong binding between this enzyme and the polymer and the mechanism was of a competitive manner with an inhibition constant of 0.6 x 10(-3)M. Such an affinity polymer was also very effective in preventing trypsin from auto-digestion at 4 degrees C.Based on this finding and the principle of cross flow filtration, a new process has been developed for purification of trypsin from a solution containing chymotrypsin. The experimental data indicated that trypsin was bound to the polymer (MW > 10(5)) and remained in the retentate while unbound chymotrypsin was collected in the filtrate. This purification process has a capability of recovering 98% pure trypsin at 90% yield.
Dynamic Postprandial Hepatic Stiffness Augmentation Assessed With MR Elastography in Patients With Chronic Liver Disease (2011)

MRE-assessed hepatic stiffness elevation in patients with chronic liver disease has two major components: a static component reflecting structural change or fibrosis and a dynamic component reflecting portal pressure that can increase after a meal. These findings will provide motivation for further studies to determine the potential value of assessing postprandial hepatic stiffness augmentation for predicting the progression of fibrotic disease and the development of portal hypertension. The technique may also provide new insights into the natural history and pathophysiology of chronic liver disease.
Low-Cost Calibration Techniques for Smart Temperature Sensors (2010)

Smart temperature sensors generally need to be trimmed to obtain measurement errors below ±2°C. The associated temperature calibration procedure is time consuming and therefore costly. This paper presents two, much faster, voltage calibration techniques. Both make use of the fact that a voltage proportional to absolute temperature (PTAT) can be accurately generated on chip. By measuring this voltage, the sensor's actual temperature can be determined, whereupon the sensor can be trimmed to correct for its dominant source of error: spread in the on-chip voltage reference. The first calibration technique consists of measuring the (small) PTAT voltage directly, while the second, more robust alternative does so indirectly, by using an external reference voltage and the on-chip ADC. Experimental results from a prototype fabricated in 0.7 ¿m CMOS technology show that after calibration and trimming, these two techniques result in measurement errors (±3¿) of ±0.15°C and ±0.25°C, respectively, in a range from -55°C to 125°C.