gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Influence of marrow CFU-GM content on engraftment and survival after allogeneic bone marrow transplantation. (1995)

The influence of the CFU-GM content of donor marrow on the outcome of allogeneic marrow transplantation (BMT) has been debated. We now report 38 patients (25 acute leukemias, 10 chronic myeloid leukemias, two myeloma; 24 in first CR/CP and 14 in more advanced phases of their disease) undergoing unmanipulated HLA-identical sibling BMT following conditioning with cyclophosphamide and total body irradiation (TBI). The median number of nucleated cells infused was 4.3 x 10(8)/kg (range 1.5-8.4); median CFU-GM numbers were 2.4 x 10(4)/kg (range 0.1-46). End-points of the study were (1) speed of neutrophil and platelet engraftment; (2) quality of engraftment beyond day +50 after BMT; and (3) transplant-related mortality in patients stratified according to whether they had received less than (n = 18) or more than (n = 20) 2.4 x 10(4)/kg CFU-GM. These two groups were comparable for diagnosis, disease status, donor sex, donor age, recipient sex, recipient age, CVHD prophylaxis, number of cells infused and CMV serology. Neutrophil counts were comparable at all time intervals. There was also no difference in platelet counts on days +7 to +50. However, patients who had received higher CFU-GM numbers had significantly higher platelet counts on day +80 (149 vs. 75 x 10(9)/L; P = 0.002), day +100 (153 vs. 77 x 10(9)/L; P = 0.0009) and day +150 (179 vs. 95 x 10(9)/L; P = 0.01). The 2-year actuarial transplant-related mortality was 5% vs. 53% (P = 0.007) in patients receiving high or low numbers of CFU-GM.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Suppression of the lateral diffusion under the gate of an MOS transistor by argon implantation (1985)

A new technique for eliminating the overlap diffusion of the source and drain in MOS devices is reported. This technique involves the implantation of argon in the source and drain regions following the arsenic implant, using the same auto-aligned gate. The results show that, compared to the conventional process, a reduction in the lateral diffusion of arsenic is observed, which results in negligible gate-junction overlap encroachment and a consequent gain in device speed. Furthermore, improvements in source-drain breakdown voltages, punchthrough voltages, and substrate currents are also seen.
Design of fault-tolerant clocks with realistic failure assumptions (2003)

The authors address the problem of designing fault-tolerant, phase-locked clocks in the presence of different types of clock failures and show that significant improvements in hardware complexity and reliability can be achieved when failed clock modules are partitioned into two classes: malicious and nonmalicious. They show that the condition N>2t+max(t1, 1) is necessary and sufficient to tolerate up to t failed clock modules out of which a maximum of t1 can behave maliciously. The practical value of this design concept is demonstrated by examples.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Growth Associated Exopolysaccharide Expression in Lactococcus lactis subspecies cremoris Ropy352 (2000)

A natural lactococcal isolate, Lactococcus lactis ssp. cremoris Ropy352, has been previously shown to express two phenotypically distinct exopolysaccharides (ropy and mucoid). This natural isolate was cultured on various media to explore the carbon requirements for exopolysaccharide expression. Ropy exopolysaccharide expression was optimal when grown in defined media rather than on M17-based media. Ropy352 was examined for inducible lysogenic phages. No lytic burst was observed in Ropy352 with ultraviolet light or mitomycin C for phage induction. The sugar compositions of the two phenotypically distinct exopolysaccharides were determined. The ropy exopolysaccharide is composed of galactose and glucose in the molar percents of 42 and 58%, respectively. The mucoid exopolysaccharide is composed of galactose, glucose, and mannose in the molar percents of 58, 29, and 13%, respectively. Mutational analysis revealed that mutations impairing ropy exopolysaccharide expression but not affecting mucoid exopolysaccharide expression could be isolated.
FIELD EMITTER ARRAYS - MORE THAN A SCIENTIFIC CURIOSITY ? (1989)

Field Emitter Arrays (FEAs) have become the basis of a new microelectronics technology which we have named Vacuum Microelectronics. It combines standard solid-state fabrication and processing with vacuum ballistic electron transport of field emitted electrons. It promises to extend the limits of todays integrated circuit technology and to address new applications such as flat panel displays and millimeter-wave amplification. FEAs also promise the scientific community a new class of electron sources which have the following properties : large current densities, narrow energy spread, low extraction voltages, integral focussing and deflection, optical excitation, and the possibility of multiple beams from a single chip.
Understanding Structural Features of Microbial Lipases–-An Overview (2008)

The structural elucidations of microbial lipases have been of prime interest since the 1980s. Knowledge of structural features plays an important role in designing and engineering lipases for specific purposes. Significant structural data have been presented for few microbial lipases, while, there is still a structure-deficit, that is, most lipase structures are yet to be resolved. A search for 'lipase structure' in the RCSB Protein Data Bank (http://www.rcsb.org/pdb/) returns only 93 hits (as of September 2007) and, the NCBI database (http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov) reports 89 lipase structures as compared to 14719 core nucleotide records. It is therefore worthwhile to consider investigations on the structural analysis of microbial lipases. This review is intended to provide a collection of resources on the instrumental, chemical and bioinformatics approaches for structure analyses. X-ray crystallography is a versatile tool for the structural biochemists and is been exploited till today. The chemical methods of recent interests include molecular modeling and combinatorial designs. Bioinformatics has surged striking interests in protein structural analysis with the advent of innumerable tools. Furthermore, a literature platform of the structural elucidations so far investigated has been presented with detailed descriptions as applicable to microbial lipases. A case study of Candida rugosa lipase (CRL) has also been discussed which highlights important structural features also common to most lipases. A general profile of lipase has been vividly described with an overview of lipase research reviewed in the past.
Neuroendocrine Carcinomas of the Colon and Rectum (2004)

Neuroendocrine carcinomas of the colon and rectum are uncommon, comprising less than 1 percent of colon and rectal cancers. Pathologically, these tumors are poorly differentiated carcinomas with distinctive cytoarchitectural features and are often immunoreactive for markers of neuroendocrine differentiation. The prognosis for high-grade neuroendocrine carcinomas is poor, as most patients have metastatic disease at the time of diagnosis.
Octree-based hexahedral mesh generation for viscous flow simulations (1997)

The present paper describes an unstructured hexahedral mesh generator for viscous flow simulations around complex 3D configurations. The first step of this method is the geometric adaptation of an initial non-body-fitted mesh by grid embedding. The resulting octree mesh is then fitted to the actual boundaries of the domain and its main features, such as sharp edges and corners, are captured. Degenerated cells resulting from body-fitting are removed using a splitting strategy and by insertion of buffer layers. Finally, in vicinity of solid walls, layers of highly stretched cells are marched directly from the quadrilateral surface mesh that is a by-product of the body-fitting process. Interfacing between the layer and octree meshes only requires the deformation of the octree to insert the layers. The resulting method is highly automated and significantly reduces turn-around times. To illustrate its capabilities, both internal and external applications are presented.
High-quality de novo assembly of the apple genome and methylome dynamics of early fruit development (2017)

Using the latest sequencing and optical mapping technologies, we have produced a high-quality de novo assembly of the apple (Malus domestica Borkh.) genome. Repeat sequences, which represented over half of the assembly, provided an unprecedented opportunity to investigate the uncharacterized regions of a tree genome; we identified a new hyper-repetitive retrotransposon sequence that was over-represented in heterochromatic regions and estimated that a major burst of different transposable elements (TEs) occurred 21 million years ago. Notably, the timing of this TE burst coincided with the uplift of the Tian Shan mountains, which is thought to be the center of the location where the apple originated, suggesting that TEs and associated processes may have contributed to the diversification of the apple ancestor and possibly to its divergence from pear. Finally, genome-wide DNA methylation data suggest that epigenetic marks may contribute to agronomically relevant aspects, such as apple fruit development.
Raman Cooling of Cesium below 3 nK: New Approach Inspired by Lévy Flight Statistics (1995)

We present a new approach to optimize subrecoil Raman cooling, based on L\'evy flight statistics. It shows that simple time sequences using square pulses can lead to very efficient cooling. We tested the method in a one-dimensional experiment with cesium atoms and obtained temperatures below 3 nK, less than $\frac{1}{70}$ of the single photon recoil temperature.
COX-2 inhibition attenuates cough reflex sensitivity to inhaled capsaicin in patients with asthma. (2009)

These findings indicate that COX-2 may be a possible modulator augmenting airway cough reflex sensitivity in asthmatic airways.
Effect of Prewetting Brines on the Ice-Melting Rate of Salt at Very Cold Temperatures (2015)

At temperatures close to its eutectic, sodium chloride (NaCl) is shown to have substantial ice-melting capacity, but the ice-melting rate is very slow. The effects of magnesium chloride (MgCl 2 ), NaCl, and mixed MgCl 2 -NaCl brines on the ice-melting rate of prewetted NaCl rock salt at temperatures close to the NaCl eutectic were measured. The solid salt component of a 50:50 mixture of salt and 26.0% MgCl 2 brine melted ice 7.1 times faster than dry salt after 3 h, 3.5 times faster after 7 h, and 1.7 times faster after 24 h at an average temperature of −4.48F (−20.2°C). The solid salt component of a 50:50 mixture of salt and 23.3% NaCl brine melted ice 2.9 times faster than dry salt after 3 h, 2.0 times faster after 7 h, and 1.6 times faster after 24 h at the same temperatures. Ice-melting rates with mixed MgCl 2 -NaCl prewetting brines were intermediate between those of the straight NaCl and MgCl 2 prewetting brines. Above a ratio of prewetting brine-to-salt high enough so that the ice was completely covered with brine, there was no significant increase in the ice-melting rate with increased prewetting brine application rate. Preliminary evidence suggests that a contribution to the rate enhancement caused by MgCl 2 may be enhanced diffusion of NaCl from the dissolving salt crystals in the MgCl 2 brines.
Potential roles of 5-HT3 receptor (5-HT3R) antagonists in modulating the effects of nicotine (2019)

5-HT<sub>3</sub>R antagonists such as ondansetron, granisetron and tropisetron have been clinically used to treat nausea and vomiting in chemotherapy patients. However, current study and research revealed novel potentials of these ligands in other diseases like inflammation, Alzheimer's, and drug abuse. Towards utilising these drugs as anti-smoking agents to treat nicotine dependence problem, there are conflicting reports regarding the potential of these ligands in modulating the effects of nicotine in both human and animal behavioural studies. This is complicated by the heterogeneity of 5-HT<sub>3</sub>R itself, cross regulation between nicotinic acetylcholinergic receptor (nAChR) and distinct pharmacological profiles of 5-HT<sub>3</sub>R antagonists. This review gathered existing studies conducted investigating the potential of "-setron" class of 5-HT<sub>3</sub>R antagonists in modulating nicotine effects. We proposed that the mechanism where 5-HT<sub>3</sub>R antagonists mediate the effects of nicotine could be attributed by both direct at 5-HT<sub>3</sub>R and indirect mechanism in nicotine addiction downstream regulation. The indirect mechanism mediated by the 5-HT<sub>3</sub>R antagonist could be through α7 nAChR, 5-HT<sub>1B</sub> receptor (5-HT<sub>1B</sub>R), 5-HT<sub>1C</sub> receptor (5-HT<sub>1C</sub>R), calcineurin activity, p38 MAPK level, PPAR-γ and NF-κβ. Our review suggested that future studies should focus on newer 5-HT<sub>3</sub>R antagonist with superior pharmacological profile or the one with multitarget action rather than high selectivity at single receptor.
Identification of Potential Active-site Residues in the Hydroxynitrile Lyase from Manihot esculenta by Site-directed Mutagenesis (1996)

The hydroxynitrile lyase from cassava (Manihot esculenta Crantz) (EC 4.1.2.37) catalyzes the decomposition of the achiral alpha-hydroxynitrile acetone cyanohydrin into HCN and acetone during cyanogenesis of damaged plants. This enzyme can also be used for stereoselective synthesis of a wide array of (S)-cyanohydrins by addition of HCN to aldehydes or ketones. Optically active cyanohydrins are interesting intermediates for the synthesis of alpha-hydroxy acids, alpha-hydroxy ketones, or beta-ethanolamines, all of which are important building blocks in organic synthesis. Inhibition of hydroxynitrile lyase from M. esculenta (MeHNL) by serine- and histidine-modifying reagents suggests involvement of active site seryl and histidyl residues. Furthermore, serine 80 of MeHNL is part of the active site motif Gly-X-Ser-X-Gly/Ala, often considered as the hallmark of catalytic triads having independently evolved in four groups of enzymes: the alpha/beta hydrolase fold enzymes, subtilisins, the cysteine proteases, and the eukaryotic serine proteases. By site-directed mutagenesis, three residues critical for enzyme activity have been identified: serine 80, aspartic acid 208, and histidine 236. These residues may be directly involved in MeHNL-catalyzed decomposition of cyanohydrins, providing evidence for a catalytical triad in HNLs, too. The order of the catalytic triad residues in the primary sequence of MeHNL is nucleophile-histidine-acid, suggesting that MeHNL belongs to the alpha/beta hydrolase fold group of enzymes. In contrast to all other enzymes having a catalytical triad, HNLs catalyze no net hydrolytic reactions.
Supercritical fluid molecular spray film deposition and powder formation (2023)

Solid films are deposited, or fine powders formed, by dissolving a solid material into a supercritical fluid solution at an elevated pressure and then rapidly expanding the solution through a short orifice into a region of relatively low pressure. This produces a molecular spray which is directed against a substrate to deposit a solid thin film thereon, or discharged into a collection chamber to collect a fine powder. Upon expansion and supersonic interaction with background gases in the low pressure region, any clusters of solvent are broken up and the solvent is vaporized and pumped away. Solute concentration in the solution is varied primarily by varying solution pressure to determine, together with flow rate, the rate of deposition and to control in part whether a film or powder is produced and the granularity of each. Solvent clustering and solute nucleation are controlled by manipulating the rate of expansion of the solution and the pressure of the lower pressure region. Solution and low pressure region temperatures are also controlled.
The anticancer effect of saffron in two p53 isogenic colorectal cancer cell lines (2012)

This is the first study showing the effect of saffron in HCT116 colorectal cancer cells with different p53 status. Saffron induced DNA-damage and apoptosis in both cell lines. However, autophagy has delayed the induction of apoptosis in HCT116 p53 -/- cells. Considering the fact that most tumors show a functional p53 inactivation, further research is needed to elucidate the long-term effects of saffron in p53 -/- tumors.
Fast time scale modification using envelope-matching technique (EM-TSM) (1998)

Time scaling of speech and audio signals is one of the key features of the upcoming MPEG4 standard. Synchronized Overlap-and-Add (SOLA) is a time scaling algorithm known to achieve good speech quality. One problem of SOLA is that it requires a large amount of computation in the search of the best matching point between the analysis and synthesis frames. This is especially serious when multiple time scaling factors are to be supported as in the case of MPEG4. In this paper, we propose a technique called envelop-matching to simplify the computation with effectively the same quality. In envelop-matching, zero crossing locations are used as features for the search. We propose a very fast algorithm for the distortion computation.
Agrobacterium tumefaciens-Mediated Transformation of Rice for GNA Gene (2000)

GNA gene promoted by RSs-1 promoter was constructed into the pCAMBIA3300 plasmid vector, then transformed into micro-adventitious bud of rice mediated by Agrobacterium tumefaciens. Regenerated plants were obtained from the transformed bud. The preliminary results of PCR, Southern blot and Western blot for the transgenic plants showed that GNA gene was introduced into the rice cells and expressed.
An ATR−IR Study of Poly (Dimethylsiloxane) under High-Pressure Carbon Dioxide:  Simultaneous Measurement of Sorption and Swelling (2001)

The CO2 sorption and the consequent swelling of un-cross-linked poly (dimethylsiloxane) (PDMS) have been measured simultaneously at high pressure using in-situ ATR (Attenuated Total Reflectance)−IR spectroscopy. The absorbance of the ν3 (2335 cm-1) band of CO2 dissolved in PDMS was used to determine quantitative sorption data. The absorbance of the IR band of PDMS was used to calculate the polymer swelling. Data at 25 °C and 50 °C for pressures up to 12 MPa are reported and compared to literature values. A shift of the δ(CH3) band of PDMS (at 1259 cm-1) was observed with the increase of sorbed CO2 and was related to the swelling of the polymer. This is a novel use for high-pressure in-situ ATR−IR spectroscopy, which allows the simultaneous measurement of gas sorption and polymer swelling and provides molecular-level insight into the behavior of polymers under high-pressure or supercritical CO2.
Small-Molecule Ligands as Potential GDNF Family Receptor Agonists (2018)

To find out potential GDNF family receptor α1 (GFRα1) agonists, small molecules were built up by molecular fragments according to the structure-based drug design approach. Molecular docking was used to identify their binding modes to the biological target GFRα1 in GDNF-binding pocket. Thereafter, commercially available compounds based on the best predicted structures were searched from ZINC and MolPort databases (similarity ≥ 80%). Five compounds from the ZINC library were tested in phosphorylation and luciferase assays to study their ability to activate GFRα1-RET. A bidental compound with two carboxyl groups showed the highest activity in molecular modeling and biological studies. However, the relative position of these groups was important. The meta-substituted structure otherwise identical to the most active compound 2-[4-(5-carboxy-1<i>H</i>-1,3-benzodiazol-2-yl)phenyl]-1<i>H</i>-1,3-benzodiazole-5-carboxylic acid was inactive. A weaker activity was detected for a compound with a single carboxyl group, that is, 4-(1,3-benzoxazol-2-yl)benzoic acid. The substitution of the carboxyl group by the amino or acetamido group also led to the loss of the activity.
RalA Activation at Nascent Lamellipodia of Epidermal Growth Factor-stimulated Cos7 Cells and Migrating Madin-Darby Canine Kidney Cells (2004)

RalA, a member of the Ras-family GTPases, regulates various cellular functions such as filopodia formation, endocytosis, and exocytosis. On epidermal growth factor (EGF) stimulation, activated Ras recruits guanine nucleotide exchange factors (GEFs) for RalA, followed by RalA activation. By using fluorescence resonance energy transfer-based probes for RalA activity, we found that the EGF-induced RalA activation in Cos7 cells was restricted at the EGF-induced nascent lamellipodia, whereas under a similar condition both Ras activation and Ras-dependent translocation of Ral GEFs occurred more diffusely at the plasma membrane. This EGF-induced RalA activation was not observed when lamellipodial protrusion was suppressed by a dominant negative mutant of Rac1, a GTPase-activating protein for Cdc42, inhibitors of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase, or inhibitors of actin polymerization. On the other hand, EGF-induced lamellipodial protrusion was inhibited by microinjection of the RalA-binding domains of RalBP1 and Sec5. Furthermore, we found that RalA activity was high at the lamellipodia of migrating Madin-Darby canine kidney cells and that the migration of Madin-Darby canine kidney cells was perturbed by the microinjection of RalBP1-RalA-binding domain. Thus, RalA activation is required for the induction of lamellipodia, and conversely, lamellipodial protrusion seems to be required for the RalA activation, suggesting the presence of a positive feedback loop between RalA activation and lamellipodial protrusion. Our observation also demonstrates that the spatial regulation of RalA is conducted by a mechanism distinct from the temporal regulation conducted by Ras-dependent plasma membrane recruitment of Ral guanine nucleotide exchange factors.
How young and old adults listen to and remember speech in noise (1995)

Two experiments using the materials of the Revised Speech Perception in Noise (SPIN-R) Test [Bilger et al., J. Speech Hear. Res. 27, 32-48 (1984)] were conducted to investigate age-related differences in the identification and the recall of sentence-final words heard in a babble background. In experiment 1, the level of the babble was varied to determine psychometric functions (percent correct word identification as a function of S/N ratio) for presbycusics, old adults with near-normal hearing, and young normal-hearing adults, when the sentence-final words were either predictable (high context) or unpredictable (low context). Differences between the psychometric functions for high- and low-context conditions were used to show that both groups of old listeners derived more benefit from supportive context than did young listeners. In experiment 2, a working memory task [Daneman and Carpenter, J. Verb. Learn. Verb. Behav. 19, 450-466 (1980)] was added to the SPIN task for young and old adults. Specifically, after listening to and identifying the sentence-final words for a block of n sentences, the subjects were asked to recall the last n words that they had identified. Old subjects recalled fewer of the items they had perceived than did young subjects in all S/N conditions, even though there was no difference in the recall ability of the two age groups when sentences were read. Furthermore, the number of items recalled by both age groups was reduced in adverse S/N conditions. The resutls were interpreted as supporting a processing model in which reallocable processing resources are used to support auditory processing when listening becomes difficult either because of noise, or because of age-related deterioration in the auditory system. Because of this reallocation, these resources are unavailable to more central cognitive processes such as the storage and retrieval functions of working memory, so that "upstream" processing of auditory information is adversely affected.