gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
September 2000 (2000)

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Flocculation and Dewatering of Mature Fine Tailings Using Temperature-Responsive Cationic Polymers (2017)

Temperature-responsive copolymer with cationic charge was prepared with N-isopropylacrylamide (NIPAm) and 2-aminoethyl methacrylamide hydrochloride (AEMA) by conventional free-radical polymerization. The flocculation performance of the copolymer, poly(AEMA-st-NIPAm), was compared to five different mixture ratios of polyNIPAm and cationic poly(acrylamide-st-diallyldimethylammonium chloride) (poly(AAm-st-DADMAC)). The effects of polymer mixture ratios, polymer dosages, and temperature on solid-liquid separation as a function of initial settling rates (ISR), supernatant turbidity, sediment solid content, and water recovery were investigated. Poly(NIPAm) can facilitate particles aggregation by bridging and hydrogen bonding under lower critical solution temperature (LCST); whereas, at temperature above LCST, the adsorption of poly(NIPAm) chains on particles can be enhanced by hydrophobic interaction. A two-step (25 °C → 50 °C → 25 °C) consolidation can further enhance the sediment solid content by polyNIPAm. While the neutral property of polyNIPAm resulted in high turbidity of supernatant, mixing with poly(AAm-st-DADMAC) increases the clarity of supernatant by neutralization of fine particles. The copolymer poly(AEMA-st-NIPAm) functions as a polyelectrolyte to enhance the polymer adsorption onto particles via electrostatic interactions, thus further improving ISR and supernatant clarity.
Raf-1 forms a stable complex with Mek1 and activates Mek1 by serine phosphorylation. (1993)

Recombinant Mek1 and Raf-1 proteins produced in Sf9 cells undergo a tight association both in vivo and in vitro, which apparently does not depend on additional factors or the kinase activity of Mek1 or Raf-1. The complex can be disrupted by two polyclonal antibodies raised against Raf-1 peptides. Coinfection with Raf-1 activates Mek1 > 150-fold, and coinfection with Raf-1 and Mek1 activates Erk1 approximately 90-fold. The activation of Mek1 by Raf-1 involves only serine phosphorylation, which is directly proportional to the extent of Mek1 activation. Phosphopeptide maps suggest a single Raf-1 phosphorylation site on mek1.
Chestnut Blight: The Classical Problem of an Introduced Pathogen (1987)

(1987). Chestnut Blight: The Classical Problem of an Introduced Pathogen. Mycologia: Vol. 79, No. 1, pp. 23-37.
From Superhydrophilicity to Superhydrophobicity:  The Wetting Behavior of a Methylsilicone/Phenolic Resin/Silica Composite Surface (2007)

A methylsilicone/phenolic resin/silica composite surface was prepared by a casting method. The wetting behavior of the surface was investigated. It was found that the as-prepared surface can be varied from superhydrophilicity to superhydrophobicity as the drying temperature increased. Methylsilicone/silica and phenolic resin/silica composite surfaces were also prepared as comparisons. Both of them cannot achieve superhydrophobicity. A mechanism was proposed to explain this phenomenon.
A digital platform for real-time simulation of power converters with high switching frequency (2011)

In this paper, we propose a new implementation method for the rapid prototyping of power converters. A Field-Programmable Gate Array emulates the temporal equations of the device while analog interfaces allow to use the platform to test control and protection systems in a nearly seamless way. A description of the converter based on an ideal on-off model for the power switches is used in order to obtain multiple topologies for the same device. Each on these topologies is described by its own equations and corresponds to a specific set of states of the switches. A topology selector based on the control signals and the internal currents and voltages allows to find the correct equations in less than 10ns and a mid-point linear solver calculates the outputs in a few hundreds of nanoseconds. The solver also takes care of the passive switches (i.e. diodes) to ensure that they don't go outside their current/voltage limit values. The whole process is described with a boost converter, and results show the great accuracy of our method even for high (≥ 100kHz) switching frequencies and sampling periods of less than 1μs.
Microbubble elimination during priming improves biocompatibility of membrane oxygenators (1978)

We tested the hypothesis that platelet loss following blood contact with foreign materials is partly related to the presence of microbubbles of gas (gas nuclei) trapped in surface defects on the membrane material. Extracorporeal membrane oxygenator perfusions were conducted in two groups of sheep, with use of standard priming techniques for the oxygenator in one group and a new vacuum priming technique in the other group. The vacuum priming technique was developed to eliminate gas nuclei from the oxygenator surface. With denucleation priming, platelet loss during perfusion was markedly reduced, as was thrombus formation on the membrane surface. The platelet particle-size distribution curve showed a shift consistent with platelet aggregation with the standard priming technique but not with the vacuum priming technique. We conclude that the elimination of trapped gas nuclei from the membrane surface during priming reduces the initial interaction between blood elements and the foreign surface.
Transthyretin gene analysis in European patients with suspected familial amyloid polyneuropathy (1995)

We investigated 99 patients from 64 European families (51 French, 11 British, one Italian and one Spanish) with suspected familial amyloid polyneuropathy (FAP) for transthyretin (TTR) gene mutations. Thirty-nine families were found to have point mutations causing the following amino acid substitutions: Met30 (28 families), Tyr77 (five), Arg 50 (one), Ala49 (one), Gln89 (one), Ala60 (one) and one each with previously undescribed mutations at Asn35 and Gys54. The clinical picture in the patients with new and known mutations were typical of FAP, without any specific features for a particular mutation. Onset of symptoms was late (over 50 years) in many French and British patients with the Met30 and Tyr77 mutations, and only 30% of all index cases had affected relatives. We propose an approach to molecular diagnosis in European patients with FAP, apart from members of families with known mutations, based on the frequency of TTR mutations observed in this and and other studies of FAP in Europe. It is logical to screen for the Met30 and Tyr77 mutations and Ala60 in the UK, using restriction enzyme analysis. If these are absent, the TTR gene should be sequenced directly to detect less common or unknown mutations.
Comparison of three image segmentation techniques for target volume delineation in positron emission tomography (2007)

Incorporation of positron emission tomography (PET) data into radiotherapy planning is currently under investigation for numerous sites including lung, brain, head and neck, breast, and prostate. Accurate tumor-volume quantification is essential to the proper utilization of the unique information provided by PET. Unfortunately,target delineation within PET currently remains a largely unaddressed problem. We therefore examined the ability of three segmentation methods-thresholding, Sobel edge detection, and the watershed approach-to yield accurate delineation of PET target cross-sections. A phantom study employing well-defined cylindrical and spherical volumes and activity distributions provided an opportunity to assess the relative efficacy with which the three approaches could yield accurate target delineation in PET. Results revealed that threshold segmentation can accurately delineate target cross-sections, but that the Sobel and watershed techniques both consistently fail to correctly identify the size of experimental volumes. The usefulness of threshold-based segmentation is limited, however, by the dependence of the correct threshold (that which returns the correct area at each image slice) on target size.
Automated Device to Measure Slurry Properties in Drilled Shafts (2016)

Slurry is the fluid within a drilled excavation that is introduced when an excavation is deeper than the water table or where additional stability is needed for loose sandy dry soils. Although construction practices vary greatly throughout the country and the world, slurry levels should be maintained above the existing ground water level by a suitable margin. The most widely used slurry type is mineral slurry formed by mixing dry clay powder with water; either bentonite or attapulgite powder may be used (attapulgite being used in saline water conditions). Regardless of whether the slurry material is mineral, polymer or natural, the construction practice must address the slurry properties to ensure the stability of the excavation is never compromised.\nProper performance of slurries used to stabilize drilled shaft excavations is maintained by assuring the density, viscosity, pH, and sand content stay within specified limits. These limits have been set either by past experience, research findings and/or by manufacturer recommended values. However, field slurry testing is time consuming as all measurements are manually performed. With the overwhelming advances in digital down-hole devices, it is not unreasonable to assume that slurry property tests are equally applicable to this trend. This formed the basis of this project.\nThe most commonly used test to indicate slurry viscosity is the Marsh Funnel Test which is essentially a timed flow for a fixed volume of slurry to exit a falling head funnel. Using a library of unique pressure versus flow rate responses for a wide range of slurry viscosities, an automated downhole device was designed and tested that incorporated this information to estimate viscosity in the excavation without the need to remove slurry in order to test. Direct measurement of slurry density was also incorporated into the device and the sand content was computed from density and the viscosity where the suspended solids that make up the density stems from both the slurry products and the soil cuttings.
Scalable and Vision Free User Interface Approaches for Indoor Navigation Systems for the Visually Impaired (2021)

This thesis introduces scalable and vision free user interface approaches for indoor navigation systems for the visually impaired. Using an Android Smartphone that runs the indoor navigation system – Percept Application with accessibility features, the blind user obtains navigation instructions generated automatically by our navigation generation algorithm to the chosen destination when touching specific landmarks tagged with Near Field Communication tags. This thesis also introduces an Orientation & Mobility Survey Tool that can help O&M Instructors survey the building and deploy such indoor navigation system. The system was deployed and tested in a large building at the University of Massachusetts at Amherst.
Penetration Pharmacokinetics of Topically Administered 0.5% Moxifloxacin Ophthalmic Solution in Human Aqueous and Vitreous (2005)

The Endophthalmitis Vitrectomy Study revealed that 94.2% of isolates from postoperative endophthalmitis are gram-positive pathogens. Moxifloxacin has a spectrum of coverage that appropriately encompasses the most common organisms in endophthalmitis. The pharmacokinetic findings of this investigation show that relatively high aqueous levels can be achieved after topical administration. Further studies will help define the precise role of 0.5% moxifloxacin ophthalmic solution in the treatment of or prophylaxis against intraocular infections.
KRAS genotyping by digital PCR combined with melting curve analysis (2019)

Digital PCR (dPCR) has been developed as a method that can quantify nucleic acids more sensitively than real-time PCR. However, dPCR exhibits large fluctuations in the fluorescence intensity of the compartment, resulting in low accuracy. The main cause is most likely due to insufficient PCR. In this study, we proposed a new method that combines dPCR with melting curve analysis and applied that method to KRAS genotyping. Since the melting temperature (Tm) of the PCR product hardly depends on the amplification efficiency, genotyping accuracy is improved by using the Tm value. The results showed that the peaks of the distribution of the Tm values of DNA in the wells were 68.7, 66.3, and 62.6 °C for wild-type KRAS, the G12R mutant, and the G12D mutant, respectively, and the standard deviation of the Tm values was 0.2 °C for each genotype. This result indicates that the proposed method is capable of discriminating between the wild-type sequence and the two mutants. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first demonstration of the genotyping of single mutations by combining melting curve analysis and dPCR. The application of this approach could be useful for the quantification and genotyping of cancer-related genes in low-abundance samples.
A DNA-based molecular device switchable between three distinct mechanical states (2002)

A self-assembled DNA-based molecular device is described which can be switched between three distinct mechanical states. The device consists of two supramolecular “arms” connected by a hinge. The arms can be in a closed, relaxed, or stretched configuration. The operation of the device is monitored by fluorescence resonance energy transfer. Variations in the design of the device have a strong influence on the operation kinetics of the device.
Verification of Autonomous Inflow Control Valve Flow Performance Within Heavy Oil-SAGD Thermal Flow Loop (2019)

Abstract One of the main challenges in Steam Assisted Gravity Drainage (SAGD) wells is steam breakthrough in producer wells, which can result in inefficient bitumen recovery due to high Steam Oil Ratio (SOR). Flow Control Devices (FCDs), also known as Inflow Control Devices (ICDs), have been developed for several years to balance the oil inflow along the horizontal wells and consequently delay or mitigate the unwanted fluid breakthrough. The newest generation of FCDs is a truly Autonomous Inflow Control Valve (AICV) which can optimize oil production, reduce SOR and significantly restrict the inflow of unwanted fluids such as water, steam and Non-condensable Gases (NCGs). This novel AICV design was tested in a full-scale high temperature laboratory flow loop that replicates the downhole operating temperatures, fluid conditions and flow rates of a SAGD production well. The full-scale tests were conducted to determine how the AICV could optimize SAGD production by restricting the production of NCGs and steam and favor the production of oil. Both single-phase and multi-phase flow performance behavior of the AICV are presented. Furthermore, the results are compared with a conventional passive ICD to illustrate the significant potential of the AICV in enhancing oil production, total recovery and overall project economics. The results show that the production of lower temperature, relatively high viscosity oil can be increased by approximately 90% for the situation of deploying AICVs. Additionally, gas production is dramatically reduced from approximately 1200 L/h for the ICD, to 180 L/h with the AICV, corresponding to an 85% reduction. These results show that a considerable reduction in steam use is possible by using the AICVs, which would result in reduced energy usage for steam generation, reduced water usage, and reduced greenhouse gas emissions for each barrel of oil produced, thus improving the economics of SAGD projects.
Gulf Canada donor refined bitumen (DRB) process (1984)

There is growing interest in upgrading heavy crudes and reclaiming the bottom of the barrel. A promising upgrading process currently at the pilot plant stage is the Gulf DRB Process. The process is basically thermal hydrocracking using hydrogen from a recycled donor stream instead of high pressure gaseous hydrogen. Unlike most of its competitors this process requires moderate pressure, uses off the shelf equipment and promises simplicity of design, operation and maintenance. The experience of remotely located heavy crude plants, where economics have suffered from lower than design service factors, emphasizes the need for more ''forgiving'' processes. This paper looks at the current state of development of the Gulf DRB process and compares it to two well known processes.
ChemInform Abstract: Spot‐Synthesis: An Easy Technique for the Positionally Addressable, Parallel Chemical Synthesis on a Membrane Support (1993)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
3D Architectural Form Style Transfer through Machine Learning (2020)

In recent years, a tremendous amount of progress is being made in the field of machine learning, but it is still very hard to directly apply 3D Machine Learning on the architectural design due to the practical constraints on model resolution and training time. Based on the past several years' development of GAN (Generative Adversarial Network), also the method of spatial sequence rules, the authors mainly introduces 3D architectural form style transfer on 2 levels of scale (overall and detailed) through multiple methods of machine learning algorithms which are trained with 2 types of 2D training data set (serial stack and multi-view) at a relatively decent resolution. By exploring how styles interact and influence the original content in neural networks on the 2D level, it is possible for designers to manually control the expected output of 2D images, result in creating the new style 3D architectural model with a clear designing approach.
Venomous earth: how arsenic caused the world's worst mass poisoning (2005)

The Devil's Water A Natural Disaster Fool's Gold The Verdant Assassin Healing Arsenic To Frustrate The Aim Of Justice Nothing Green Met The Eye The Extraordinarily Protracted Process Fighting Arsenic
New In Vitro Phenotypic Assay for Epilepsy: Fluorescent Measurement of Synchronized Neuronal Calcium Oscillations (2014)

Research in the epilepsy field is moving from a primary focus on controlling seizures to addressing disease pathophysiology. This requires the adoption of resource- and time-consuming animal models of chronic epilepsy which are no longer able to sustain the testing of even moderate numbers of compounds. Therefore, new in vitro functional assays of epilepsy are needed that are able to provide a medium throughput while still preserving sufficient biological context to allow for the identification of compounds with new modes of action. Here we describe a robust and simple fluorescence-based calcium assay to measure epileptiform network activity using rat primary cortical cultures in a 96-well format. The assay measures synchronized intracellular calcium oscillations occurring in the population of primary neurons and is amenable to medium throughput screening. We have adapted this assay format to the low magnesium and the 4-aminopyridine epilepsy models and confirmed the contribution of voltage-gated ion channels and AMPA, NMDA and GABA receptors to epileptiform activity in both models. We have also evaluated its translatability using a panel of antiepileptic drugs with a variety of modes of action. Given its throughput and translatability, the calcium oscillations assay bridges the gap between simplified target-based screenings and compound testing in animal models of epilepsy. This phenotypic assay also has the potential to be used directly as a functional screen to help identify novel antiepileptic compounds with new modes of action, as well as pathways with previously unknown contribution to disease pathophysiology.
Building and re-building the heart by cardiomyocyte proliferation (2016)

The adult human heart does not regenerate significant amounts of lost tissue after injury. Rather than making new, functional muscle, human hearts are prone to scarring and hypertrophy, which can often lead to fatal arrhythmias and heart failure. The most-cited basis of this ineffective cardiac regeneration in mammals is the low proliferative capacity of adult cardiomyocytes. However, mammalian cardiomyocytes can avidly proliferate during fetal and neonatal development, and both adult zebrafish and neonatal mice can regenerate cardiac muscle after injury, suggesting that latent regenerative potential exists. Dissecting the cellular and molecular mechanisms that promote cardiomyocyte proliferation throughout life, deciphering why proliferative capacity normally dissipates in adult mammals, and deriving means to boost this capacity are primary goals in cardiovascular research. Here, we review our current understanding of how cardiomyocyte proliferation is regulated during heart development and regeneration.
THE EFFECTS OF PERIOPERATIVE PORTAL VENOUS INOCULATION WITH DONOR LYMPHOCYTES ON RENAL ALLOGRAFT SURVIVAL IN THE RAT (1990)

In order to investigate the in vivo functional role of the liver in the immune responses in organ transplantation, effects of perioperative portal venous p.v. administration of donor lymphocytes on renal allograft survival were tested in the rat kidney transplant model. Donor lymphocytes were prepared from BN (BN, RT-1n) or third-party DA (RT1a) rat spleens and lymph nodes and injected p.v. or intravenously to Lewis (LEW, RT-1l) hosts on the day of transplantation (day 0). Untreated LEW hosts rejected BN renal grafts at 7.8 +/- 0.6 days (n = 10). Intravenous administration of 1 x 10(8) BN cells to LEW hosts on day 0 caused a slight, but not significant, prolongation of renal allograft survival (MST = 9.5 +/- 3.0 days, n = 13, NS), whereas portal venous inoculation of 1 x 10(8) BN cells on day 0 remarkably prolonged renal graft survival to 22.2 +/- 5.3 (n = 10, P less than 0.01). The prolongation of graft survival was antigen-specific; the administration of 1 x 10(8) DA cells p.v. to LEW hosts did not prolong the survival of BN renal grafts (MST = 7.4 +/- 0.8, n = 5). Spleen cells from p.v. treated LEW hosts 10 days after transplantation had no suppressor effect on the one-way MLC reaction of normal LEW responder cells toward donor BN or third-party DA stimulators. On the other hand, when serum from p.v.-treated LEW hosts was added to MLC at a concentration of 3 per cent of total volume, it suppressed the MLC reaction toward donor BN cells by 71.6 per cent, but not toward third-party DA stimulators (-8.5 per cent suppression, NS). Histological examination of p.v.-treated LEW hosts at 10 days after transplantation revealed that the liver had normal lobular architecture without expansion of portal tracts and infiltration of inflammatory cells. On the other hand, the transplanted kidney demonstrated a moderate mononuclear cell infiltration around the artery without an interstitial hemorrhage. Moreover, adoptive transfer of the serum from p.v.-treated LEW rats into the virgin secondary LEW hosts significantly prolonged the graft survival of BN kidneys from 7.8 days to 18.9 +/- 5.5 days (P less than 0.01), but not third-party DA graft survivals (MST = 7.5 +/- 0.6 days), indicating that an antigen-specific tolerogenic factor was released into the circulation through the process of allogeneic cells in the liver.
Rubber Chemicals Derived from Conjugate Addition. II. Synthesis of a Novel Class of Benzoquinone Diimines (2001)

Abstract Various 2-alkylthio-5-amino- and 2,5-diamino-1,4-phenylenediamines were prepared by treatment of N -(1,3-dimethylbutyl)- N ′-phenyl-1,4-quinonediimine with thiols and amines using air as an oxidizing agent. Key 2-alkylthio-1, 4-benzoquinone diimines were prepared via Ag 2 O oxidation of the corresponding 1,4-phenylenediamines.