gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
S-CW FD: A MAC protocol for full-duplex in wireless local area networks (2016)

With the emergence of self-interference cancellation techniques, wireless full-duplex communication at the same frequency channel and time slot has become possible. The gain of full-duplex communication over half-duplex depends on the success of self-interference cancellation or the amount of residual self-interference. In this paper, we propose a medium access control (MAC) protocol, named Synchronized Contention Window Full-Duplex (S-CW FD) protocol for enabling full duplex in wireless local area networks (WLANs) and we evaluate its performance under a realistic self-interference model and a realistic network model with hidden nodes. The proposed S-CW FD protocol can not only work both in ad hoc and infrastructure modes of IEEE 802.11 WLANs, but with the legacy nodes as well. Our performance analysis considering various network scenarios and different self-interference cancellation levels show that, when there are no hidden nodes in the network, the S-CW FD protocol can at most double the throughput of half-duplex IEEE 802.11. In the presence of hidden nodes, the advantages of full-duplex are further emphasized, as the throughput gain can get as high as an order of magnitude even for moderate SI cancellation levels.
Identification of 19 Polymorphic Major Outer Membrane Protein Genes and Their Immunogenic Peptides in<i>Ehrlichia ewingii</i>for Use in a Serodiagnostic Assay (2007)

Ehrlichia ewingii, a tick-transmitted rickettsia previously known only as a canine pathogen, was recently recognized as a human pathogen. E. ewingii has yet to be cultivated, and there is no serologic test available to diagnose E. ewingii infection. Previously, a fragment (505 bp) of a single E. ewingii gene homologous to 1 of 22 genes encoding Ehrlichia chaffeensis immunodominant major outer membrane proteins 1 (OMP-1s)/P28s was identified. The purposes of the present study were to (i) determine the E. ewingii omp-1 gene family, (ii) determine each OMP-1-specific peptide, and (iii) analyze all OMP-1 synthesized peptides for antigenicity. Using nested touchdown PCR and a primer walking strategy, we found 19 omp-1 paralogs in E. ewingii. These genes are arranged in tandem downstream of tr1 and upstream of secA in a 24-kb genomic region. Predicted molecular masses of the 19 mature E. ewingii OMP-1s range from 25.1 to 31.3 kDa, with isoelectric points of 5.03 to 9.80. Based on comparative sequence analyses among OMP-1s from E. ewingii and three other Ehrlichia spp., each E. ewingii OMP-1 oligopeptide that was predicted to be antigenic, bacterial surface exposed, unique in comparison to the other E. ewingii OMP-1s, and distinct from those of other Ehrlichia spp. was synthesized for use in an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Plasmas from experimentally E. ewingii-infected dogs reacted significantly with most of the OMP-1-specific peptides, indicating that multiple OMP-1s were expressed and immunogenic in infected dogs. The results support the utility of the tailored OMP-1 peptides as E. ewingii serologic test antigens.
Rice Contains Two Disparate <i>ent</i>-Copalyl Diphosphate Synthases with Distinct Metabolic Functions (2004)

Rice (Oryza sativa) produces ent-copalyl diphosphate for both gibberellin (GA) phytohormone and defensive phytoalexin biosynthesis, raising the question of how this initial biosynthetic step is carried out for these distinct metabolic processes. Here, a functional genomics approach has been utilized to identify two disparate ent-copalyl diphosphate synthases from rice (OsCPS1ent and OsCPS2ent). Notably, it was very recently demonstrated that only one of these (OsCPS1ent) normally operates in GA biosynthesis as mutations in this gene result in severely impaired growth. Evidence is presented here strongly indicating that the other (OsCPS2ent) is involved in related secondary metabolism producing defensive phytochemicals. In particular, under appropriate conditions, OsCPS2ent mRNA is specifically induced in leaves prior to production of the corresponding phytoalexins. Thus, transcriptional control of OsCPS2ent seems to be an important means of regulating defensive phytochemical biosynthesis. Finally, OsCPS1ent is significantly more similar to the likewise GA-specific gene An1/ZmCPS1ent in maize (Zea mays) than its class II terpene synthase paralogs involved in rice secondary metabolism. Hence, we speculate that this cross-species conservation by biosynthetic process reflects derivation of related secondary metabolism from the GA primary biosynthetic pathway prior to the early divergence between the separate lineages within the cereal/grass family (Poaceae) resulting in modern rice and maize.
A proposal for a gradient magnetometer atom interferometer (2008)

We propose the utilization of atom interferometry techniques for the measurement of magnetic fields in noisy environments. We find that the interferometer we propose is insensitive (to first order) to the magnetic field but is sensitive to the field gradient. We propose a technique by which a superposition of magnetically sensitive states (a beam splitter) can be achieved. We experimentally demonstrate our techniques to null the magnetic field at the location of a cold atom cloud and how we can probe the population of magnetic sublevels.
Flapping Wing Micro Air Vehicle Aerodynamic Modeling Including Flapping and Rigid Body Velocity (2012)

A revised model for the aerodynamic forces and moments for apping wing micro air vehicles is introduced. This model computes the aerodynamic forces for each apping wing using both the wing velocity due to actively apping the wing and due to the rigid body translational and rotational velocities. The model is based on blade element theory applied to each in nitesimal area of the wing rather than strips, as is commonly done in comparable modeling works. This facilitates using the full three dimensional information about the wing velocity rather than initially projecting the velocity on a chord cross-section. The model is analytically analyzed and a method for obtaining cycle-averaged aerodynamic forces and moments is presented. The cycle-averaged expressions are then analytically decomposed in order to obtain control variable sensitivities (partial derivatives with respect to wing stroke parameters) with relative ease. It is shown in simulation that rigid body motion during a controlled waypoint tracking maneuver causes a signi cant contribution to the aerodynamic forces. Furthermore, it is shown that previously introduced control designs are robust enough to maintain tracking performance despite the added model delity.
Preparation and Catalytic Activity of Boron-Substituted Zirconocenes (1995)

Borylated zirconocenes of the type (L2B–C5H4)2ZrCl2 and (L2B–C5H4)(C5H5)ZrCl2 are readily available in two steps. In the polymerization of ethylene and propylene in the presence of AlEt3 or methylalumoxan (MAO), these zirconocenes are more active than the unsubstituted reagent Cp2ZrCl2.
Tau passive immunization inhibits not only tau but also Aβ pathology (2017)

These findings suggest the potential of passive immunization targeting proximal N-terminal domain tau 6-18 as a disease-modifying approach to AD and related tauopathies.
Radiation\nBrightening from Virus-like Particles (2019)

Concentration quenching\nis a well-known challenge in many fluorescence imaging applications.\nHere, we show that the optical emission from hundreds of chromophores\nconfined onto the surface of a 28 nm diameter virus particle can be\nrecovered under pulsed irradiation. We have found that as one increases\nthe number of chromophores tightly bound to the virus surface, fluorescence\nquenching ensues at first, but when the number of chromophores per\nparticle is nearing the maximum number of surface sites allowable,\na sudden brightening of the emitted light and a shortening of the\nexcited-state lifetime are observed. This radiation brightening occurs\nonly under short pulse excitation; steady-state excitation is characterized\nby conventional concentration quenching for any number of chromophores\nper particle. The observed suppression of fluorescence quenching is\nconsistent with efficient, collective relaxation at room temperature.\nInterestingly, radiation brightening disappears when the emitters’\nspatial and/or dynamic heterogeneity is increased, suggesting that\nthe template structural properties may play a role that could be instrumental\nin developing virus-enabled imaging vectors that have optical properties\nqualitatively different than those of state-of-the-art biophotonic\nagents.
Properties of postural adjustments associated with rapid arm movements (1982)

1. We have examined rapid postural adjustments associated with a class of voluntary movements that disturb postural equilibrium. In the text that follows, these motor activities are termed associated postural adjustments and voluntary focal movements, respectively. Standing human subjects performed a variety of movement tasks on a hand-held manipulandum, resulting in disturbances to their postural equilibrium. The experimental use of movements that interact with the subject's environment in a relatively simple was permitted a more precise comparison of the postural adjustments with their associated focal movements. 2. Subjects either pulled or pushed on a stiff interface (the handle) or they responded in a predetermined way to handle perturbations. These activities were carried out with various degrees of steady-state postural stability. Prior to and during these movements, support surface and handle forces, electromyographic (EMG) signals, and body sway were monitored. 3. In addition to previously shown postural adjustments associated with reaction-time armed movements, we have demonstrated these postural activities occur in concept with segmental stretch reflexes and self-initiated (untriggered) movements. Postural adjustments were initiated shortly before all focal movements tested except the short-latency component of the biceps stretch reflex (25- to 30-ms latency). However, this reflex component was rarely elicited by handle perturbations in free-standing subjects; therefore, postural adjustments usually preceded any biceps activity under this condition. 4. By varying the degree of steady-state postural equilibrium, a reciprocal gain/threshold relationship between postural and focal components was documented, i.e., when stability was high, postural activity was reduced or absent and focal activity enhanced. Conversely, the biceps stretch reflex was difficult to elicit under any condition where the subjects was not fully supported in the direction of movement and reaction times of focal movements were prolonged. 5. Postural activities associated with focal movements were found to share a number of organizational properties with automatic postural adjustments to support surface movements. Specifically, the postural muscle synergies were equivalent in muscle composition, relative activation magnitudes, and relative temporal sequencing. Furthermore, both types of postural adjustments were highly specific in locus and magnitude to the quality of steady-state postural equilibrium (e.g., postural "set"). 6. A conceptual model is proposed that suggests one simple way in which the reciprocal influence of postural set on postural and focal movement components and their temporal sequencing might be accomplished. Furthermore, we propose in this model a common central organization of postural adjustments associated with focal movements and those elicited by support-surface movements.
How to tailor flexible silicone elastomers with mechanical integrity: a tutorial review (2019)

The tutorial aims to equip the beginners in silicone research with the knowledge to formulate recipes and process elastomer networks, targeting specific properties related to soft applications such as stretchable electronics without compromising the mechanical integrity of the elastomer. In doing so, we hope to stimulate further research in the area of tailor-made soft silicone elastomers for novel applications and allow researchers to bypass the limitations imposed by the use of commercially available silicone elastomer formulations. Silicone elastomers are widely used due to the favourable properties, such as flexibility, durable dielectric insulation, barrier properties against environmental contaminants and stress-absorbing properties over a wide range of temperatures ≈-100 °C to 250 °C. For research on flexible electronics and other emerging technologies, the most commonly utilised silicone elastomer formulation is Sylgard 184 which is easier to process than most other commercially available silicone elastomers, due to the fact that the premixes have low viscosity. Furthermore, curing is robust and not as sensitive to poisoning as other silicone elastomer formulations. However, Sylgard 184 is not suitable for all fields of research that require flexible and stretchable silicones. When much softer networks are needed, the Sylgard 184 premixes are either mixed in non-stoichiometric ratios, or they are blended with softer types of commercially available elastomers, which compromise the mechanical integrity of the elastomer. Therefore, it is advantageous for researchers to formulate their own custom-made silicone elastomers and not depend on premade formulations which often harbour a few unknown components.
Optical minimum-shift keying with external modulation scheme (2005)

We propose an optical initial phase control technique for external modulation in the format of minimum-shift keying (MSK). In this scheme, the optical phase discontinuities inherent to external frequencyshift- keying (FSK) modulation are compensated by use of an initial phase controller in conjunction with a FSK modulator. We present the principle of the control method and then numerically and experimentally prove that the signal has a modulation spectrum more compact than that of conventional binary phase-shift keying. 10-Gbit/s external modulation in MSK format was experimentally demonstrated.
Basis picking for matching pursuits audio compression (2006)

The 'basis picking' algorithm is an effective method for selecting dictionaries of basis functions for coding of data by matching pursuits. For illustration, bases are picked for a hybrid wavelet/matching pursuits audio codec. Bases are added to a codebook successively from a set of 1289 candidates according to their ranked signal to residual ratio (SRR) performance. Two training sets are used, and the codebooks are evaluated on the training sets and two test sequences. Picked bases make a robust codebook, the best of which outperforms traditional selection by ranked frequency of usage by a significant margin over a range of compressions of the audio clips used in this study
Adjustment of operating characteristics of a telephone transmitter including an electret transducer (1984)

First Page
Shift error correcting modulation codes (1991)

5A class of codes that perform bit-shift error detection/correction directly on run-length-limited (RLL) binary channel data is described. These highly efficient, variable-rate codes can be used with RLL sequences having d,k constraints of d>0 and (k-d)>or=2, and they are fully compatible with conventional signal processing, e.g., peak detection can be used. The simplest and most efficient of these codes are effective only against bit-shift error, i.e., the predominant type of channel data error caused by intersymbol interference and noise in saturation recording systems that employ RLL modulation coding.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Outcome‐based ventilation: A framework for assessing performance, health, and energy impacts to inform office building ventilation decisions (2018)

This article presents an outcome-based ventilation (OBV) framework, which combines competing ventilation impacts into a monetized loss function ($/occ/h) used to inform ventilation rate decisions. The OBV framework, developed for U.S. offices, considers six outcomes of increasing ventilation: profitable outcomes realized from improvements in occupant work performance and sick leave absenteeism; health outcomes from occupant exposure to outdoor fine particles and ozone; and energy outcomes from electricity and natural gas usage. We used the literature to set low, medium, and high reference values for OBV loss function parameters, and evaluated the framework and outcome-based ventilation rates using a simulated U.S. office stock dataset and a case study in New York City. With parameters for all outcomes set at medium values derived from literature-based central estimates, higher ventilation rates' profitable benefits dominated negative health and energy impacts, and the OBV framework suggested ventilation should be ≥45 L/s/occ, much higher than the baseline ~8.5 L/s/occ rate prescribed by ASHRAE 62.1. Only when combining very low parameter estimates for profitable impacts with very high ones for health and energy impacts were all outcomes on the same order. Even then, however, outcome-based ventilation rates were often twice the baseline rate or more.
Flexible and Efficient N-Porosity, Full-Featured Simulator Design, and Application (2013)

Abstract The need for flexible and efficient multi-porosity, reservoir-simulation capabilities has never been greater. Much of the world’s oil reserves are contained in highly variable fractured reservoirs. Moreover, there is now unprecedented interest in the simulation of unconventional gas reservoirs, where up to four porosity types may be required. This paper discusses the design of an N-porosity, full-featured reservoir simulator capable of handling these diverse scenarios. Essential to the design is the programming data-structure paradigm of the SubGrid. SubGrids represent collections of simulation nodes within spatial regions of interest and encapsulate all data and variables required. Any number of associated SubGrids may coexist, representing N-porosities. Inter- and intra-SubGrid connections may be arbitrarily specified. Because the linear solver operates on the associated SubGrids as distinct entities, the design has tremendous flexibility. For example, regions with simple connectivity, such as in dual-porosity, single-permeability models, can have simple pre-solver elimination performed while other regions with uniform intra-porosity connectivity require a merged SubGrid solution. The scheme efficiently treats regions with different numbers of porosities, levels of interconnectivity, and levels of implicitness. Applications may be applied across multiple reservoirs simultaneously. Treatment of missing "fracture" zones has always been an important feature in the dual-porosity, single-permeability simulation. The traditional approach is to treat the matrix within missing fracture zones effectively as though it were an interconnected portion of the fracture porosity. This preserves connectivity within the fracture-free zones and the more computationally efficient single-permeability solver pre-elimination step. A second missing "fracture" scheme is introduced, which differs in the way that the connections between the fracture and matrix blocks are computed at the boundary of fracture-free zones. Flexible transfer-function application and porosity dependency during equilibrium initialization are discussed.
Advanced High Turning Compressor Airfoils for Low Reynolds Number Condition—Part I: Design and Optimization (2004)

High performance compressor airfoils at a low Reynolds number condition at Re=1.3×105 have been developed using evolutionary algorithms in order to improve the performance of the outlet guide vane (OGV), used in a single low pressure turbine (LPT) of a small turbofan engine for business jet aircrafts. Two different numerical optimization methods, the evolution strategy (ES) and the multi-objective genetic algorithm (MOGA), were adopted for the design process to minimize the total pressure loss and the deviation angle at the design point at low Reynolds number condition. Especially, with respect to the MOGA, robustness against changes of the incidence angle is considered. The optimization process includes the representation of the blade geometry, the generation of a numerical grid and a blade-to-blade analysis using a quasi-three-dimensional Navier-Stokes solver with a k-ω turbulence model including a newly implemented transition model to evaluate the performance. Overall aerodynamic performance and boundary layer properties for the two optimized blades are discussed numerically. The superior performance of the two optimized airfoils is demonstrated by a comparison with conventional controlled diffusion airfoils (CDA). The advantage in performance has been confirmed by detailed experimental investigations, which are presented in Part II of this paper.
Demonstration of high-resolution doping profile mapping using terahertz time domain spectroscopy with electrochemical anodization (2015)

In the previous work we presented results demonstrating the ability of transmission mode terahertz time domain spectroscopy (THz-TDS) to detect doping profile differences and deviations in silicon. Here we report follow up work demonstrating doping profile measurement by first precisely removing a thin layer (currently ~ 20 nm) from the junction by anodization followed by selective oxide etching. The anodization-etching step is followed by measuring the terahertz transmission using THz-TDS. The anodization and terahertz measurement steps are then alternated. The doping profile can then be reconstructed using the resultant dataset. In this work we share results obtained on phosphorus doped silicon wafers. We find good agreement between the measured transmitted terahertz spectra and the simulated terahertz spectra for all etching cycles when the doping profile used in the simulations agrees with SIMS analysis. We conclude that anodization combined with THz-TDS can potentially be a high resolution destructive doping profile mapping method.
High-Precision Arithmetic in Homomorphic Encryption. (2017)

In most RLWE-based homomorphic encryption schemes the native plaintext elements are polynomials in a ring \(\mathbb {Z}_t[x]/(x^n+1)\), where n is a power of 2, and t an integer modulus. For performing integer or rational number arithmetic, one typically uses an encoding scheme which converts the inputs to polynomials, and allows the result of the homomorphic computation to be decoded to recover the result as an integer or rational number, respectively. The problem is that the modulus t often needs to be extremely large to prevent the plaintext polynomial coefficients from being reduced modulo t during the computation, which is a requirement for the decoding operation to work correctly. This results in larger noise growth, and prevents the evaluation of deep circuits, unless the encryption parameters are significantly increased.
Ten kilowatt self-commutated resonant inverter using MOS controlled thyristors (1990)

A 50 kHz full-bridge series/parallel resonant inverter has been developed to provide a 10 kW high-voltage output from 270 V DC input power. The inverter uses MOS controlled thyristors as self commutated switches. Multilayer ceramic chip capacitors and gapped ferrite planar inductors serve as resonant elements to allow high power density. The design, computer simulation, and breadboard evaluation of the inverter are described.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>