gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Experimental Investigation of Supersonic Coplanar Jets within Ejectors (2001)

This experimental and theoretical work involved reduction of supersonic jet noise using Mach Wave Elimination (MWE), a method that suppresses noise by means of a gaseous layer that envelops the supersonic jet. Also explored was a new method for mixing enhancement in which an axial, secondary flow enhances mixing in a primary flow. The research is relevant to the advent of future supersonic transports that must adhere to the same take-off and landing restrictions as ordinary subsonic aircraft. To reduce noise, one needs to understand the fundamental fluid mechanics of the jet, namely its turbulent structure and mean-flow characteristics, and to perform high-quality noise measurements. The results generated are applicable to free jets as well as to jets within ejectors.
Geometrically enhanced magnetoresistance in ferromagnet–insulator–ferromagnet tunnel junctions (abstract) (1997)

Ferromagnetic–insulator–ferromagnetic trilayer tunnel junctions show mangetoresistance (JMR) effects of about 16% or greater at room temperature.1 Much larger values of the JMR (100% or more) are observed in low-resistance junctions when the actual tunneling resistance (RT) is comparable to electrode film resistance (RL) over the junction area in our cross-geometry junction measurements.2 For the fixed junction area of 6×10−4 cm2, the measured junction resistance RJ was changed from less than an ohm to several kilohms, by controlling the duration of glow discharge in partial pressure of N2 or O2 to create AlN or Al2O3 tunnel barriers. The ferromagnetic films were CoFe base layer and Co or Ni0.8Fe0.2 top layer. These trilayer junctions show nonvolatile memory effects, are stable and reproducible. The geometrically enhanced large JMR can be qualitatively explained by the nonuniform current flow over the junction area when RT is comparable to RL, in the crossed geometry junction structure. These junctions can be effectively used as magnetic sensors and memory elements.
ChemInform Abstract: Cytotoxic α‐Bromoacrylic Derivatives of Distamycin Analogues Modified at the Amidino Moiety. (2000)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Complete amino acid sequence of a new murine T‐cell growth factor P40 (1989)

A new murine T-cell growth factor, designated P40, which supports growth of helper T-cells in the absence of interleukin-2, interleukin-4 and antigen has been isolated from helper T-cell lines in sufficient quantities (100 micrograms) to permit its complete amino acid sequence determination. This was achieved by a combination of sensitive peptide mapping using microbore reversed-phase high performance liquid chromatography and automated microsequence analysis. Attempts to obtain N-terminal sequence data on P40 were unsuccessful due to N-terminal blockage of the native molecule. The nature of this N-terminal blocking was established using a combination of amino acid analysis, fast-atom-bombardment mass spectrometry and peptide synthesis. The P40 molecule, a single polypeptide chain comprising 126 amino acid residues, is structurally distinct from other known T-cell growth factors. No similarity was revealed when the amino acid sequence of P40 was compared with other proteins whose biochemical structure is known. The protein sequence data reported here predict four N-linked glycosylation sites in the P40 molecule.
Characterization of a MEMS-Based Floating Element Shear Stress Sensor (2009)

A microelectromechanical systems (MEMS)-based capacitive floating element shear stress sensor, developed for time-resolved turbulence measurement, is dynamically characterized via Stokes layer excitation. The floating element structure incorporates interdigitated comb fingers forming differential capacitors, which provide electrical output proportional to the floating element deflection. Preliminary sensor characterization reveals a bandwidth of 6.1 kHz and a sensitivity of 23 mV Pa at 4.2 kHz up to the testing limit of
Evaluation of radiomic features on baseline CT scan to predict clinical benefit for pemetrexed based chemotherapy in metastatic lung adenocarcinoma. (2016)

11582 Background: Many patients receiving standard of care pemetrexed based platinum doublet followed by maintenance pemetrexed for lung adenocarcinoma do not receive clinical benefit. Currently there are no clinically validated biomarkers to identify patients who benefit from these treatments. We conducted a retrospective proof-of concept study to identify predictive computer extracted image features from pre-treatment computed tomographic (CT) scans. Methods: Pre-chemotherapy CT scans were obtained for 105 lung adenocarcinoma patients treated with pemetrexed based chemotherapy at the Cleveland Clinic from 2004-2010. Clinical benefit was defined as patients with an objective response or more than 12 cycles of pemetrexed therapy. We identified and annotated CT images in 2 groups- 46 with clinical benefit and 59 without clinical benefit. After adjusting for image quality and CT filters, 32 and 33 patients remained for final analysis in the 2 groups respectively. A total of 1108 radiomic features including both textural and shape features of the lung nodule as well as the peritumoral region were investigated. The features were evaluated and ranked in their ability to discriminate between the 2 groups in conjunction with a linear discriminant classifier, both in terms of univariate and multivariate analysis. Results: Two of the top 3 ranked features were from within the nodule and the third was from within the peritumoral area. Mean of Sum Average, a co-occurrence based texture measure within the nodule was the most discriminating feature. Combination of features within and around the nodule yielded even higher AUC values (See Table for combination of best features). Conclusions: Texture and shape features extracted from within and around the lung nodule on CT images could identify patients who could potentially benefit from pemetrexed based chemotherapy. Further validation in a larger retrospective, multi-institutional cohort is needed. Feature Vector Area Under ROC Curve ± Standard Deviation Mean of Intratumoral Sum Average(1) 69.5% ± 3.0% 1+Minimum of Intratumoral Law L5xE5(2) 75.2% ± 3.2% 1+2+Mean of Peritumoral Law S5xW5(3) 77.6% ± 1.9%
Thermo-electric detection of waveguided surface plasmon propagation (2011)

The thermo-electric detection of a waveguided surface plasmon traveling along one electrode of an in-plane integrated thermocouple is demonstrated. By using a particular design of the thermocouple, the thermo-electric signal due to the losses of the plasmon mode can be separated from the non-resonant heating of the waveguide. The thermo-electric signal associated with the plasmon propagation is proportional to the power coupled into the waveguided mode and exhibits a maximum at a distance from the excitation site depending on both the heat transfer coefficient of the system and the plasmon mode damping distance.
Shrinking mechanism of a porous collagen matrix immersed in solution (2014)

The porous structure of collagen-based matrices enables the infiltration of cells both in in vitro and clinical applications. Reconstituted porous collagen matrices often collapse when they are in contact with aqueous solutions; however, the mechanism for the collapse of the pores is not understood. We, therefore, investigated the interactions between the collagen matrix and different solutions, and discuss the mechanisms for the change in microstructure of the matrix on immersing it in solution. When a dried collagen matrix was immersed in aqueous solutions, the matrix shrunk and pores close to the surface closed. The shrinkage ratio and thickness of the compact microstructure close to the superficial area decreased with increasing ethanol content in the solution. The original porous structure of the collagen matrix was preserved when the matrix was immersed in absolute ethanol. The shrinkage of a porous collagen matrix in contact with aqueous solutions was attributed to the liquid/gas interfacial tension. The average pore diameter of the matrix also significantly affected the shrinkage of the matrix. The shrinkage of the matrix, explained using the Young-Laplace equation, was found to result from the pressure drop, and especially in the pores located superficially, leading to the collapse of the matrix microstructure. The integrity of the porous microstructure allows better penetration of cells in medical applications. The numbers of NIH/3T3 fibroblasts penetrated through the hydrated Col/PBS porous collagen matrices pre-immersed in absolute ethanol with subsequent water and DMEM culture medium replacements were significantly higher than those through matrices hydrated directly in DMEM.
Field Application of Cathodic Prevention on Reinforced Concrete Structures (1996)

Abstract This paper illustrates the results gained during the first three years of cathodic protection application to Frejus highway viaducts in northern Italy. CP applications deal with corrosion control of chloride contaminated structures (cathodic protection application properly said) and the corrosion prevention of new non-contaminated structures, constructed with incorporated cathodic protection systems (so-called cathodic prevention). Both normal and post-tensioned structures are present: in the latter case the problems connected with the risk of hydrogen embrittlement of the tendons are discussed. The paper illustrates also the computerized system for gathering and monitoring data and the criteria adopted to evaluate and control the cathodic protection and cathodic prevention conditions as well as to avoid overprotection.
A solubilisable polymer support suitable for solid phase peptide synthesis and for injection into experimental animals (1988)

New polymer supports containing cleavable cross-links are described; these supports are suitable for solid phase synthesis and can then be solubilised for further chemical or biological manipulation (including immunisation) in solution.
UWB/UHF RFID tag (2015)

This paper presents a two-port antenna for a passive RFID tag including separate receiving and transmitting ports for direct connection to a hybrid UHF/UWB RFID transponder chip. The receiving port feed is linearly polarized and narrowband for energy harvesting (from a conventional RFID reader), whereas the transmitting port feeds ultrawideband (UWB) slot radiation. Measurements results show that, the slot resonates over the full FCC UWB band (3.1–10.6 GHz), while the narrowband port resonates at the UHF RFID bands.
Synchronous Power Controller for Distributed Generation Units (2019)

Renewable energies has shown to be a promising solution to improve the energy injected to the electrical network. However, the lack of inertia in such systems have proven to affect the grid stability, as those technologies operate as current controlled sources they not provide grid support functionalities. This issue has fostered the implementation of new control strategies to enable power plants to provide a coordinated action to support some inertia and damping into the system. Synchronous controllers have proven to be an excellent option for distributed renewable generation, which allows to emulate the inertia of a synchronous generators, having a better interaction between the power converter and the electrical grid. However, the implementation of such control strategies require power converter to be smarter and include advanced control algorithms. In this paper, a new control strategy to control different distributed generation units to have a coordinated action in front of the electrical grid is presented, reducing the cost of the power converter by extracting the synchronous control from the internal controller and replacing in by a central synchronous controller.
Recent development on the uncooled mid-infrared PbSe detectors with high detectivity (2013)

Polycrystalline lead salt photoconductive (PC) detectors have been widely used for applications in the 1-5μm spectral range because of their low cost, room temperature operation and high detectivity. However, the physical mechanism of such detectors had not been un-ambiguously understood. In order to improve the performance, we proposed a charge separation junction (CSJ) model to analyze and guide our material synthesis process, which has led to PbSe PC detectors with record high detectivity. On the other hand, the performance of photovoltaic (PV) detectors using Pb-salt epitaxial films on Si substrates has been limited by their high defect density even though the ideal performance of the PbSe PV detector was theoretically proven to be higher than the most popular HgCdTe PV detectors at near room temperature, due to its low Auger recombination property. Inspired by the high material quality of self-assembled lead salt microcrystals, we developed a novel method to produce PV detectors using PbSe micro-crystals based on our studies on the PC detector research that showed promising preliminary results.
Clincal Version of the Vascular Entoptoscope (1996)

The posterior pole of the eye contains the anatomic fovea and foveola. These structures are highly specialized to maximize visual acuity. In foveola, the inner retinal layers down to the outer nuclear layer are displaced forming a pit, which contains the highest density of cones in the retina (147,000 cones per mm 2 ). The retinal capillaries in the area of the fovea typically form concentrically arranged channels ending in a capillary loop approximately 0.5 mm across which outline a capillary-free zone known as the "foveal avascular zone" FAZ(1). The lateral displacement of inner retinal structures, including the retinal vasculature, presumably exists to leave an unobstructed light path to the site of phototransduction, thereby enhancing image quality. Because of the inverted nature of the retina (blood vessels lie between incoming light and the photoreceptors), it is possible for humans to view shadows of their own retinal vessels and their contents. Entoptic methods for their visualization of retinal blood vessels and blood flow were described in the nineteenth century(2), and recently entoptic visualization methods have been use to study the foveal capillary details and the foveal avascular zone (FAZ) size and shape (3-5), foveola vessels (4,6,7), macular blood flow (8,9) and capillary density around the FAZ (10).
<title>Novel estimators for elastography</title> (2001)

In conventional elastography, strains are estimated by computing gradient of estimated displacement. However, gradient-based algorithms are susceptible to noise. We have developed two new strain estimators to overcome the common limitations of elastography. The first estimator is based on a frequency-domain formulation; it estimates local strain by maximizing the correlation between the spectra of pre- and post-compression echo signals by iteratively frequency- scaling the latter. We discuss a variation of this algorithm that may be computationally more efficient. The second estimator is based on the observation that an extremely stiff region will undergo virtually no strain when compressed, and will exhibit quasi-rigid body motion. As a result, an area with high similarity between the pre- and post-compression signals indicates low strain, and an area with low similarity indicates large strain. We use normalized 2D correlation function to estimate this similarity. This method offers significant advantages for detecting rigid tissues in the presence of large, irregular, non-axial motion. Both the estimators exhibited promising results in simulation and experiments.
RESEARCH PAPERS : The Fluorination of 1,1,1- trifluoro -2,2- dichloroethane to Pentafluoroethane over Cr - based Catalyst (1997)

The fluorination reaction of 1,1,1-trifluoro-2,2,-dichloroethane (CF₃CHCl₂, HCFC-123) to pentafluoroethane (CF₃CHF₂, HFC-125) has been studied under atmospheric pressure at the temperature range of 250 - 380℃ over Cr-based catalyst. The catalyst comprised Cr, one component selected from the group consisting of Mg or Ca and at least one metal component selected from the group consisting of Ce, Zn and Ni. The effects of catalyst compositions, molar ratio of reactants (HF/HCFC-123), reaction temperature, contact time on the catalytic activities were extensively investigated. The catalytic performance of chromium oxide mixed with metallic compounds has been found to be much improved as compared with that of chromium oxide catalyst alone. Especially, the presence of metallic compounds in the chromium oxide catalyst has shown the outstanding capability of slowing down the catalyst deactivation by retarding the carbon deposition on the catalyst.
Analysis and implementation of on-the-fly stopping criteria for layered QC LDPC decoders (2015)

This paper presents an analysis of existing stopping criteria for layered architecture used for quasi-cyclic (QC) LDPC decoders. Furthermore, it proposes a novel imprecise method for early termination in layered decoders. The analysis is performed under the same framework in order to provide a fair and accurate comparison between existing methods, and our new solution. The developed hardware modules have been designed independently from the decoder architecture, with the only constraint that the decoder scheduling is layered. Synthesis estimates for Xilinx Virtex-7 devices and the decoding performance analysis indicate that the new stopping criterion presents the best cost/performance trade-off for most of the considered LDPC codes.
Fusion splicing of highly dissimilar YAG crystal fiber and silica fiber with reaction bonding (2016)

Splices between materials with dissimilar thermal expansion and melting points are particularly difficult to create. We have developed a method for splicing YAG single crystal fiber to silica fiber. Optical losses associated with the splices were measured for multimode fibers to be 0.33 dB. The splices display greater than 50 kPsi of tensile strength with reaction bonding at the interface. Study of the elemental composition at the splice interface showed formation of a stable intermediate material that provides mechanical strength to the splice. This is a major step toward developing very high power integrated and compact laser systems based on crystals and glass despite their stark dissimilarities in physical and material properties.
A new surface-wave acousto-optic time integrating correlator (1980)

A new realization of the acousto-optic time-integrating correlator has been constructed. The new device uses a surface-acoustic-wave delay line and is configured so that no separate reference beam is required for coherent detection. Instantaneous bandwidths of 30 MHz and integration times of 30 ms have been achieved. Broadband signals, such as pseudonoise biphase modulated waveforms, with signal-to-noise ratios of −40 dB have been detected. In addition, center frequency, bandwidth, and relative time-difference-of-arrival of these signals can be determined.
All-optical switch on a silicon chip (2004)

We demonstrate all-optical switching on silicon using highly confining microstructures. The transmission of the structures is modulated by more than 97% in less than 500 ps using light pulses with energies as low as 40 pJ
Microfluidic system for on-chip high-throughput whole-animal sorting and screening at subcellular resolution (2007)

We report a suite of key microfluidic devices for complex high-throughput whole-animal genetic and drug screens. We demonstrate a high-speed microfluidic sorter that can isolate and immobilize Caenorhabditis elegans in a well defined geometry for screening phenotypic features at subcellular resolution in physiologically active animals. We show an integrated chip containing individually addressable screening-chamber devices for incubation and exposure of individual animals to biochemical compounds and high-resolution time-lapse imaging of many animals on a single chip without the need for anesthesia. We describe a design for delivery of compound libraries in standard multiwell plates to microfluidic devices and also for rapid dispensing of screened animals into multiwell plates. When used in various combinations, these devices will facilitate a variety of high-throughput assays using whole animals, including mutagenesis and RNAi and drug screens at subcellular resolution, as well as high-throughput high-precision manipulations such as femtosecond laser microsurgery for large-scale in vivo neural degeneration and regeneration studies.
Selection of tmRNA Inhibitors as Antibacterial and Plasmid Elimination Agents (2010)

Abstract : The goal of this project is to develop lead compounds for antibiotic development targeted to the tmRNA pathway. These antibiotics are expected to have broad host specificity and will be assayed against pathogens of military interest, including Bacillus anthracis. Specifically, this project aims to: 1) develop screening methods for identification of tmRNA pathway inhibitors; 2) identify and optimize inhibitors from libraries of cyclic peptides; 3) test the bactericidal and plasmid elimination efficacy of lead compounds against B. anthracis and other pathogens; and 4) use high-throughput screening methods to identify small molecule inhibitors of the tmRNA pathway. Methods for identifying inhibitors of the tmRNA pathway have been developed and cyclic peptide inhibitors of 4 different steps in the tmRNA pathway have be selected and optimized. These inhibitors have antibiotic activity against B. anthracis, and are particularly potent when used in combination with the linear antibacterial peptide LL-37. Screening methods were adapted and optimized for high-throughput technology, and, through a collaboration with the Genomics Institute of the Novartis Research Foundation, 52 small molecule inhibitors were identified from a library of over 650,000 compounds. These small molecule inhibitors are potent antibiotics, with MIC values <0.2 mg/l.
Differential PsaA-, PspA-, PspC-, and PdB-Specific Immune Responses in a Mouse Model of Pneumococcal Carriage (2005)

Larger numbers of pneumococci were detected in the nasal tract compared to the lung, cervical lymph nodes, and spleen 1, 2, 4, 7, 14, and 21 days after nasal challenge with Streptococcus pneumoniae strain EF3030. In this mouse model of pneumococcal carriage, peripheral S. pneumoniae pneumococcal surface adhesin A (PsaA)-specific humoral responses (immunoglobulin G2a [IgG2a] >> IgG1 = IgG2b > IgG3) were significantly higher than pneumococcal surface protein A (PspA)-specific, genetic toxoid derivative of pneumolysin (PdB)-specific, or pneumococcal surface protein C (PspC)-specific serum antibody levels. However, PspA-specific mucosal IgA antibody levels were significantly higher than those against PsaA, PdB, and PspC. In general, both PsaA- and PspA-specific lung-, cervical lymph node-, nasal tract-, and spleen-derived CD4(+) T-cell cytokine (interleukin-4, interleukin-6, granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor, gamma interferon, and tumor necrosis factor alpha) and proliferative responses were higher than those for either PspC or PdB. Taken together, these findings suggest that PsaA- and PspA-specific mucosal responses as well as systemic humoral and T helper cell cytokine responses are predominantly yet differentially induced during pneumococcal carriage.