gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Investigation of the Transient Behavior of a Cantilever Beam Using PVDF Sensors (2012)

In this paper, a PVDF film sensor was used to measure the transient responses of a cantilever beam subjected to an impact loading. The measurement capability of a PVDF sensor is affected by the area of the PVDF film sensor and the signal conditioner (charge amplifier). The influences of these effects on the experimental measurements were investigated. The transient responses for the dynamic strain of the beam were measured simultaneously by the PVDF sensor and a conventional strain gauge. The resonant frequencies of the beam were determined by applying the Fast Fourier Transform on transient results in the time domain of the PVDF sensor and the strain gauge. The experimentally measured resonant frequencies from the PVDF sensor and the strain gauge were compared with those predicted from theoretical and FEM numerical calculations. Based on the comparison of the results measured for these two sensors, the PVDF film sensor proved capable of measuring transient responses for dynamic strain, and its sensitivity is better than that of the strain gauge. Furthermore, almost all the resonant frequencies can be obtained from the results of transient responses for PVDF film.
A change in microsatellite instability caused by cisplatin-based chemotherapy of ovarian cancer (2001)

To clarify the mechanism of acquired CDDP resistance in ovarian cancer, we compared the microsatellite instability (MSI) by the amplification of 10 microsatellite loci and immunohistochemical detection of hMSH2 and hMLH1 expression between the primary resected tumours and the secondary resected residual tumours after 5 or 6 courses of CDDP-based chemotherapy in the 24 cases of ovarian cancer. Of the 24 primary resected tumours, 9 (37.5%) showed MSI (7 cases of MSI-L, 2 cases of MSI-H), while 15 (72.5%) were microsatellite stable tumours (MSS). The primary tumours also had MSI in the residual tumours after CDDP-based chemotherapy. However, all of the cases with MSS in the primary resected tumours exhibited MSI (2 cases were MSI-L, and 13 cases were MSI-H) in the residual tumours after CDDP-based chemotherapy (P < 0.001). Furthermore, 11 (73.3%) of these cases which changed from MSS to MSI also had a change in the expression of hMLH1 from positive to undetectable (P < 0.001). Our data suggest that tumour MSI changes during CDDP-based chemotherapy, and that the loss of hMLH1 expression is one of the factors that has the greatest effect on this transformation. © 2001 Cancer Research Campaign http://www.bjcancer.com
Influence of Admission Body Temperature on Stroke Mortality (2000)

An association between admission body temperature and stroke mortality was noted independent of clinical variables of stroke severity. Hyperthermia was associated with an increase in 1-year mortality. Hypothermia was associated with a reduction in in-hospital mortality.
Electrical, optical, and structural properties of indium–tin–oxide thin films for organic light-emitting devices (1999)

High-quality indium–tin–oxide (ITO) thin films (200–850 nm) have been grown by pulsed laser deposition (PLD) on glass substrates without a postdeposition annealing treatment. The structural, electrical, and optical properties of these films have been investigated as a function of target composition, substrate deposition temperature, background gas pressure, and film thickness. Films were deposited from various target compositions ranging from 0 to 15 wt % of SnO2 content. The optimum target composition for high conductivity was 5 wt % SnO2+95 wt % In2O3. Films were deposited at substrate temperatures ranging from room temperature to 300 °C in O2 partial pressures ranging from 1 to 100 mTorr. Films were deposited using a KrF excimer laser (248 nm, 30 ns full width at half maximum) at a fluence of 2 J/cm2. For a 150-nm-thick ITO film grown at room temperature in an oxygen pressure of 10 mTorr, the resistivity was 4×10−4 Ω cm and the average transmission in the visible range (400–700 nm) was 85%. For a 170-nm-thick ITO film deposited at 300 °C in 10 mTorr of oxygen, the resistivity was 2×10−4 Ω cm and the average transmission in the visible range was 92%. The Hall mobility and carrier density for a 150-nm-thick film deposited at 300 °C were 27 cm2/V s and 1.4×1021 cm−3, respectively. A reduction in the refractive index for ITO films can be achieved by raising the electron density in the films, which can be obtained by increasing the concentration of Sn dopants in the targets and/or increasing deposition temperature. Atomic force microscopy measurements of these ITO films indicated that their root-mean-square surface roughness (∼5 Å) was superior to that of commercially available sputter deposited ITO films (∼40 Å). The PLD ITO films were used to fabricate organic light-emitting diodes. From these structures the electroluminescence was measured and an external quantum efficiency of 1.5% was calculated.
ChemInform Abstract: Solid‐State NMR as a Probe of Porous Catalyst and Catalytic Processes (1996)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Low-loss and fabrication tolerant silicon mode-order converters based on novel compact tapers (2015)

We propose large bandwidth and high fabrication-tolerance mode-order converters on the silicon-on-insulator platform based on novel compact tapers structures. Each of the converters is in a single waveguide. Designs of different symmetries with and without breaking the parities between odd and even modes are illustrated. The fabrication tolerances of the devices are also investigated. The simulation results show that high conversion efficiencies can be readily achieved over a wavelength range from 1520 nm to 1580 nm for all of the proposed devices. The average conversion efficiencies of TE1-to-TE0, TE2-to-TE0, TE3-to-TE0, TE2-to-TE1, TE3-to-TE1, and TE3-to-TE2 converters are -0.061 dB, -0.052 dB, -0.11 dB, -0.119 dB, -0.168 dB, and -0.154 dB, respectively. The conversion efficiencies have negligible degradations under normal width and thickness deviations.
Energy beamforming with one-bit feedback (2014)

Wireless energy transfer (WET) via far-field radio signal has emerged as a new solution for powering wireless networks. To overcome the significant path loss in wireless channels, multi-antenna or multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) techniques have been proposed to enhance the transmission efficiency and distance for WET. However, in order to reap the large energy beamforming gain in WET, acquiring channel state information (CSI) at the energy transmitter (ET) is an essential task. This task is particularly challenging for WET systems, since existing channel training and feedback methods used for communication receivers cannot be implemented at the energy receiver (ER) due to the hardware limitation. To tackle this problem, in this paper we consider a point-to-point MIMO WET system with transmit energy beamforming, and propose a new channel learning method that requires only one feedback bit from the ER to ET per feedback interval. Each feedback bit indicates the increase or decrease of the harvested energy by the ER between the present and previous intervals, which can be measured without changing the existing hardware at the ER. Based on such feedback information, the ET adjusts transmit energy beamforming in different intervals and at the same time obtains an improved estimate of the MIMO channel by applying the analytic center cutting plane method (AC-CPM). By numerical examples, we show the performance of our proposed new channel learning algorithm for MIMO WET systems in terms of convergence speed and energy transfer efficiency, as compared to existing algorithms.
Analysis of ligand‐receptor interactions with the fluorescence activated cell sorter (1982)

The binding of a fluorescent peptide to human neutrophils is analyzed with a fluorescence activated cell sorter. We examine steady-state and kinetic features of the ligand-receptor interaction (in the presence of unbound ligand) and we show tht the number of receptors may be estimated without resorting to any external references for calibration. These methods are applicable to other fluorescent ligands with affinities greater than 10(8) M-1.
Time to recurrence and survival in triple negative early-stage breast cancer (2007)

21151 Background: Breast cancer (BC) is the most common neoplasm among Mexican women. Clinical, tumoral and biologic factors have proven useful in predicting prognosis regarding recurrence and survival. Triple negative (TN) phenotype (ER, PR and HER2 negative) has been reported to be associated with more aggressive clinical behavior. Objective: To compare clinical, tumor, biologic characteristics of TN time to recurrence and survival to other phenotypes in early BC. Methods: Records of women with stage I - II BC evaluated from Jan. 2000 to June 2006 were reviewed. ER/PR+: > 10 fmol/pgr and HER2+, 3+ by immunohistochemistry or FISH > 2.2 were considered. Five groups were designed: 1) TN, 2) triple positive, 3) HER2-/ER/PR+, 4) HER2+/ER/PR-, 5) HER2-/ one hormonal receptor (HR) +. ANOVA, Chi-2 and Kruskal-Wallis tests were applied for the statistical analysis. Results: 110 patients were included (17, 14, 52, 11, 16 respectively). Median age (43, 49.5, 55, 53 51 yrs); clinical stage; tumor size, axillary lymph node status and angiogenesis score were similar in all groups, p > 0.05. Median Ki67 was higher in TN group (47.5, 20, 20, 42.5, 10, p< 0.000). Proportion of patients with conservative surgery was similar, p= 0.308. Fourteen recurrences were observed, 2 local and 12 systemic (3, 1, 3, 5, 2 in each group). Median time to recurrence (6, 54, 30, 20, 27 mos); there were 7 deaths due to tumor. Number of deaths was higher in TN and HER+/HR- (17.4, 7.1, 0, 18.1, 6.2%). Conclusions: TN phenotype represents 15% in this early BC population and was associated to higher Ki67. There are premature signs (age, number of recurrences and deaths) that suggest a poor prognosis for TN patients, similar to those with HER2+/ERPR- . No significant financial relationships to disclose.
Thief process for the removal of mercury from flue gas (2023)

A system and method for removing mercury from the flue gas of a coal-fired power plant is described. Mercury removal is by adsorption onto a thermally activated sorbent produced in-situ at the power plant. To obtain the thermally activated sorbent, a lance (thief) is inserted into a location within the combustion zone of the combustion chamber and extracts a mixture of semi-combusted coal and gas. The semi-combusted coal has adsorptive properties suitable for the removal of elemental and oxidized mercury. The mixture of semi-combusted coal and gas is separated into a stream of gas and semi-combusted coal that has been converted to a stream of thermally activated sorbent. The separated stream of gas is recycled to the combustion chamber. The thermally activated sorbent is injected into the duct work of the power plant at a location downstream from the exit port of the combustion chamber. Mercury within the flue gas contacts and adsorbs onto the thermally activated sorbent. The sorbent-mercury combination is removed from the plant by a particulate collection system.
Synthesis of dihydrothiopyran-3-ones. Intramolecular cyclization of allylthioglycolic acid chlorides (1971)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTSynthesis of dihydrothiopyran-3-ones. Intramolecular cyclization of allylthioglycolic acid chloridesKikumasa Sato, Seiichi Inoue, and Keiichi KondoCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1971, 36, 15, 2077–2080Publication Date (Print):July 1, 1971Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 July 1971https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo00814a010https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00814a010research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views126Altmetric-Citations4LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Electrically integrated miniature motion tracking module with multiple external GNSS receiver support (2018)

In the last decade, inertial sensor technology has become growingly appealing for tracking applications, thanks to the decrease of production cost and improvement in performance. In navigation applications where position information is required, an Inertial Measurement Unit (IMU) is typically combined with GNSS (Global Navigation Satellite System) information. So far, GNSS/INS solutions (where INS stands for Inertial Navigation System) have typically been designed as devices having an integrated GNSS receiver (e.g., XSENS MTi-G-710) or as devices accepting data from a GNSS receiver external to the device by means of electro-mechanical interfaces. However, both approaches typically limit the range of employable GNSS receivers and/or antennas and, consequently, might negatively affect integration capabilities, final application design, cost, and performance. Recently, Xsens designed and released a miniature motion-tracking module with an SMD (Surface Mounting Device) form factor of 12.1×12.1 mm and with support for multiple external GNSS receivers, offering the smallest SMD-based GNSS/INS module running advanced embedded sensor fusion algorithms. The proposed design uses permanent electrical connections to both solder the device to the application platform and gather the external GNSS signals. This solution enables a seamless and robust integration of the device by taking advantage of the existing GNSS infrastructure, eliminates the need for additional dedicated electro-mechanical interfaces, and preserves the signal communication integrity between the device and the host system. The hardware consists of a 3-axis gyroscope, a 3-axis accelerometer, a 3-axis magnetometer, a high-accuracy crystal, and a low-power Micro Controller Unit (MCU). In addition to external GNSS, the device is also able to accept other aiding sensor inputs (e.g., barometers) to further improve the performance of the final solution. The device power consumption lower than 100 mW and its limited weight make it ideal for low-level integration with emerging application platforms such as drones, UAV's (Unmanned Aerial Vehicle), UGV's (Unmanned Ground Vehicle), and in fields like smart farming, unmanned control, Internet of (Moving) Things, and robotics. The performance are evaluated in a typical application scenario of relevance. Estimated 3D position, velocity, and orientation have been compared against those derived using a GPS/L1/L2/GLONASS multi-GNSS multi-frequency receiver used in combination with a tactical grade fiber optic gyros (FOG) during a car-driving scenario. The results showed RMS errors lower than 1 deg and 2 deg respectively for roll/pitch and heading angles, lower than 2 m for position, and lower than 0.2 m/s for velocity.
Tyrosine Phosphorylation and Regulation of the AMPA Receptor by Src Family Tyrosine Kinases (2004)

Phosphorylation of AMPA receptors is a major mechanism for the regulation of receptor function and underlies several forms of synaptic plasticity in the CNS. Although serine and threonine phosphorylation of AMPA receptors has been well studied, the potential role of tyrosine phosphorylation of AMPA receptors has not been investigated. Here, we show that the GluR2 subunit of AMPA receptors is tyrosine phosphorylated in vitro and in vivo by Src family tyrosine kinases on tyrosine 876 near its C terminus. In addition, GluR agonist treatment of cultured cortical neurons increased phosphorylation of tyrosine 876. The association with GluR2-interacting molecules GRIP1/2 was decreased by tyrosine phosphorylation of GluR2, whereas PICK1 interaction was not influenced. Moreover, mutation of tyrosine 876 eliminated AMPA- and NMDA-induced internalization of the GluR2 subunit. These data indicate that tyrosine phosphorylation of tyrosine 876 on the GluR2 C terminus by Src family tyrosine kinases is important for the regulation of AMPA receptor function and may be important for synaptic plasticity.
Maintaining the UML Documentation (2004)

As you develop your solution, your UML model will be subject to refinements and changes. Then, after deploying the solution, you'll want to maintain the UML model in order to reflect error corrections and the customer change requests you've chosen to apply. Maintaining your UML documentation to keep it up-to-date is not an easy task.
Pharmacokinetics of amoxicillin and clavulanic acid administered alone and in combination (1982)

The pharmacokinetics of amoxicillin and clavulanic acid, administered alone and in combination, were studied in six male and six female normal human volunteers. Each ingested 500 mg of amoxicillin or 125 mg of clavulanic acid or the above agents in combination in randomized sequences. The results indicate that most of the parameters tested for either substance are essentially independent of the presence of the other one.
Reliable publish/subscribe middleware for time-sensitive internet-scale applications (2009)

Federating mission critical systems over wide-area networks still represents a challenging issue. For example, it is hard to assure both reliability and timeliness in a hostile environment such as Internet. The publish/subscribe (pub/sub) interaction model is a promising solution for scalable data dissemination over wide-area networks. Nevertheless, currently available pub/sub systems lack efficient support to achieve both reliability and timeliness in unreliable scenarios. This paper describes an innovative approach to fill this gap making three contributions. First, a cluster-based peer-to-peer organization is introduced to handle a large number of publishers and subscribers. Second, the cluster coordinator is replicated to mask process crashes and to preserve cluster connectivity toward the outside world. Third, multiple-tree redundancy is applied to tolerate link crashes thereby minimizing unpredictability in the delivery time. We present a simulation-based evaluation to assess the effectiveness of our approach in an unreliable setting. This study indicates that our approach enforces the reliability of event delivery without affecting its timeliness.
Comparison of Meta-Modeling Approaches for Optimization (2011)

Understanding and optimizing complex design problems involves analyzing mathematical models that simulate real-world systems. When such simulations require an enormous amount of time to evaluate a design point, approximation models are created that are simpler and quicker and allow exploration of the design space. Approximation models are also referred to surrogate models or meta-models. Kriging, response surface models, neural networks such as radial basis functions are examples of such approximation methods. The quality of approximations obtained using these methods is dependent upon: (1) the type of approximation technique, (2) the distribution of sample points, namely the sampling strategy, (3) number of sample points available for approximation and (4) the topography of the function being approximated. The quality and performance of an approximation method are measured using prediction errors and time taken to fit respectively. In this work, we present a study of the quality and performance of polynomial regression (general and orthogonal polynomials), Radial basis functions (RBF), Elliptical basis functions (EBF), and Kriging (ordinary and blind) for functions with different topographies. Specifically, the objective of this benchmark is to study the following effects on the accuracy of approximation techniques for comparison: 1. Effect of sampling strategy, 2. Effect of number of points, 3. Effect of function topography. Results indicate that Kriging approximation is best suited for cases where there are few sample points that are uniformly spaced (typically from Optimal Latin Hypercube sampling). Elliptical or Radial Basis Function neural networks are fast, robust and accurate enough to be used for any sampling strategy. For factorial sampling, Chebyshev polynomials have higher accuracy compared to simple polynomial regression.
Split post dielectric resonator technique for precise measurements of laminar dielectric specimens-measurement uncertainties (2002)

A split-post dielectric resonator was used to measure solid laminar dielectric specimens which had been previously measured by a number of other techniques. Detailed error analysis of permittivity and dielectric loss tangent measurements has been performed. It was proved that, by using a 4 GHz split post resonator, it is possible to measure permittivity with uncertainties down to 0.3% and dielectric loss tangent with resolution 2/spl times/10/sup -5/ for well machined laminar specimens.
Interaction Patterns for Communicating Processes (1998)

Interaction dynamics describe the way entities relate and communicate with one another. Just as people interact in a variety of ways, communicating processes, such as software components, can also interact in many and highly complex ways. The software world is filled with examples of systems utilizing processes, objects, components, device drivers and entities by other names -interconnected in different ways and with different purposes. But in the seeming chaos there is order. Interactions between communicating entities have many basic properties which can be isolated, described and used across many application domains and in many situations. This paper identifies some fundamental patterns that apply to communicating processes in general and software components in particular. The patterns can be used alone or in combinations, allowing more complex patterns to be built out of simpler ones. The success of components as a software technology is predicated on reuse and ease of reuse. In software component terms, ease of reuse is determined by how easily components can be interconnected, which depends solely on their interfaces and the interactions supported by those interfaces. By recognizing the existence of standard interaction patterns, and applying them to interfaces, components should be easier to interconnect, and therefore reuse.