gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Orthopaedic Osseointegration: State of the Art (2019)

Osseointegration is a surgical approach that permitted the direct attachment of an external prosthesis to the skeleton in some select patients with amputation, who had failed to tolerate conventional sockets, thereby obviating related issues such as discomfort, skin breakdown, and poor fit. In this specific population, osseointegration offers the potential for enhanced biomechanical advantage and rehabilitative potential. Multiple percutaneous implant systems exist for clinical use internationally, each attempting to create a stable bone-implant interface while avoiding complications such as infection and loosening. Prospective clinical trials are now underway in the United States. This article will review the history and biology of osseointegration, indications and contraindications for use of currently available implant systems, and reported outcomes. Future directions of orthopaedic osseointegration technology, including electronic systems capable of biomimetic bidirectional volitional motor control of, and sensory/proprioceptive feedback from, external prosthetic devices, will also be discussed.
Determinants of agricultural productivity of selected major crops in the CALABARZON region, Philippines (2014)

Several studies suggest that the Philippine agriculture has not been performing well relative to its performance in the 1960s and 1970s. The declining productivity growth in agriculture is considered as a major constraint in the development of the agricultural sector and the country in general. The agricultural productivity in the CALABARZON Region has not been spared from this scenario. This study aimed to analyze how agricultural productivity of major crops in the region is affected by the extent of input use. 
Using Cobb-Douglas production function, estimation results showed that rice, corn, and coconut production exhibit increasing returns to scale. While there are so much labor surplus in the agricultural sector, high utilization rate of capital is still more cost-effective and cost-efficient in the long run. Land proves to be a very important resource in all provinces. In most of the provinces, capital is a more important factor in increasing rice productivity relative to labor. Farmers in the region are now responsive to utilizing more of capital in their farms. In general, coconut farms are not labor and capital intensive, being a lazy man’s crop. TFP is also seen as the real driver of production and productivity. While land, labor, and capital are important, TFP, which can account to technology, quality of human resources, and other non-input factors is a driver of growth in the economy.
Disentangling Multiple Conditional Inputs in GANs (2018)

In this paper, we propose a method that disentangles the effects of multiple input conditions in Generative Adversarial Networks (GANs). In particular, we demonstrate our method in controlling color, texture, and shape of a generated garment image for computer-aided fashion design. To disentangle the effect of input attributes, we customize conditional GANs with consistency loss functions. In our experiments, we tune one input at a time and show that we can guide our network to generate novel and realistic images of clothing articles. In addition, we present a fashion design process that estimates the input attributes of an existing garment and modifies them using our generator.
A Comparison of Different Methods of Ionizing GC Effluents (1986)

Some of the most widely used, most sensitive detection methods available for gas chromatography (GC) function by directly converting chemical species in the GC effluent to gas-phase ionization. This article reviews the scientific principles that provide the basis of operation for the flame ionization detector, the electron-capture detector, the photoionization detector, and the thermionic ionization detector. These popular detectors are described from the viewpoint of their common characteristics as ionization detection methods, their specific differences in mechanism of operation and performance characteristics, and their most significant design criteria.
具有紧凑设计、低杂散电感、模块化的“变换器/逆变器系统” (2006)

设计模块化的功率系统时,必须考虑到电磁兼容性的规定、较低的杂散电感、较高的保护标准以及非常低的成本。对于只提供控制板的那些公司来说,集成有最新IGBT技术的,电流从300A到1550A的用于变换器和逆变器的大功率系统是非常重要的。一些中小创新型公司目前已经在如功率测试仪、榨糖机以及无齿轮电梯等特殊领域展开业务了。SEMIKRON模块化的功率系统完全能够满足交流大功率系统应用的要求。SEMIKRON开发的这种系统能够满足所有标准的要求,而且在应用时非常灵活。很多大功率系统(高达200kW)的设计者,特别是处于迅速发展中的行业的设计者,如风力发电、分布式电源发电,经常扮演的是系统集成者的角色,在一些情况下他们对功率电子电路的详细知识不感兴趣。硅片技术发展的速度使得它必须能够与所有其它的接口元件相匹配,如散热器、驱动电路、电容、缓冲电路以及母排。这些设计者需要可靠的系统组件以满足他们的系统对功率部分的要求,他们也需要最好是通过模块化的方式提供多种多样的解决方案。模块化的功率系统还具有成本低、供货周期短等优点。SEMIKRON采用模块化技术开发的SEMIKUBETM(图1)是一个在强制风冷的条件下功率高达900kW的、用于逆变器/变换器的组件。这种模块化的方法减小了系统的设计时间、简化了现场的安装工作。它还降低了用于备件存储所需的
Developing an Ear Prosthesis Fabricated in Polyvinylidene Fluoride by a 3D Printer with Sensory Intrinsic Properties of Pressure and Temperature (2016)

An ear prosthesis was designed in 3D computer graphics software and fabricated using a 3D printing process of polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) for use as a hearing aid. In addition, the prosthesis response to pressure and temperature was observed. Pyroelectric and piezoelectric properties of this ear prosthesis were investigated using an astable multivibrator circuit, as changes in PVDF permittivity were observed according to variations of pressure and temperature. The results show that this prosthesis is reliable for use under different conditions of pressure (0 Pa to 16,350 Pa) and temperature (2 °C to 90 °C). The experimental results show an almost linear and inversely proportional behavior between the stimuli of pressure and temperature with the frequency response. This 3D-printed ear prosthesis is a promising tool and has a great potentiality in the biomedical engineering field because of its ability to generate an electrical potential proportional to pressure and temperature, and it is the first time that such a device has been processed by the additive manufacturing process (3D printing). More work needs to be carried out to improve the performance, such as electrical stimulation of the nervous system, thereby extending the purpose of a prosthesis to the area of sensory perception.
Artificial Intelligence in Marketing (2023)

Review of Marketing Researchpushes the boundaries of marketing--broadening the marketing concept to make the world a better place. Here, leading scholars explore how marketing is currently shaping, and being shaped by, the evolution of Artificial Intelligence (AI)
Lanthanide ion probes of structure in biology. Laser-induced luminescence decay constants provide a direct measure of the number of metal-coordinated water molecules (1979)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTLanthanide ion probes of structure in biology. Laser-induced luminescence decay constants provide a direct measure of the number of metal-coordinated water moleculesWilliam DeW. Horrocks Jr. and Daniel R. SudnickCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1979, 101, 2, 334–340Publication Date (Print):January 1, 1979Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 January 1979https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00496a010https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00496a010research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views3725Altmetric-Citations1219LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Assimilating IT Innovation: The Longitudinal Effects of Institutionalization and Resource Dependence (2008)

This study seeks to understand the longitudinal effects of external pressures on the assimilation of IT innovations in organizations, making the distinction between pressures from organizations' exchange partners and pressures from the institutional environment. Analyzing 11-year survey data on the adoption and usage of enterprise resource planning (ERP) in Fortune 1000 companies, I have found significant evidences for both sources of external pressures for ERP assimilation. Further, the effects of pressures from exchange partners depended on the extent to which ERP was legitimated as an appropriate organizational technology and practice. These findings not only resolve the long-time confounding of institutional theory and resource dependence theory, but also help delineate each theory's applicability in the operation of external factors on IT assimilation. Practically, this research helps guide practitioners to prioritize external pressures and align such pressures with their organizations' internal specifics.
Node Delay Assignment Strategies to Support End-to-End Delay Requirements in Heterogeneous Networks (2004)

In a complex, heterogeneous network environment, such as the Internet, packets traversing different networks may be subjected to different treatments and may face different traffic loads across the routing path. This paper addresses the key issue of how to assign delay budgets to each network node along the routing path so that the end-to-end delay requirements of the supported applications are met. First, we describe a methodology to compute for a given flow a set of feasible per-node delays for the class of delay-based servers. We then formalize an optimal per-node delay assignment problem which takes into consideration the workload across the routing path. The solution, for homogeneous and heterogeneous networks, is provided. The resulting solution is optimal, but its implementation overhead is relatively high. To overcome this shortcoming, we propose two heuristics, EPH() and LBH(), to approximate the optimal strategy. EPH() uses the equi-partition concept to compute initial delay values and adjust these delay values to meet the end-to-end delay requirements. LBH() uses a relaxation factor to distribute the load proportionally across all nodes on the routing path. A simulation-based comparative analysis shows that the heuristics perform closely to the optimal schemes.
Ligand-Binding Pocket Shape Differences between Sphingosine 1-Phosphate (S1P) Receptors S1P<sub>1</sub> and S1P<sub>3</sub> Determine Efficiency of Chemical Probe Identification by Ultrahigh-Throughput Screening (2008)

We have studied the sphingosine 1-phosphate (S1P) receptor system to better understand why certain molecular targets within a closely related family are much more tractable when identifying compelling chemical leads. Five medically important G-protein-coupled receptors for S1P regulate heart rate, coronary artery caliber, endothelial barrier integrity, and lymphocyte trafficking. Selective S1P receptor agonist probes would be of great utility to study receptor subtype-specific function. Through systematic screening of the same libraries, we identified novel selective agonist chemotypes for each of the S1P1 and S1P3 receptors. Ultrahigh-throughput screening (uHTS) for S1P1 was more effective than that for S1P3, with many selective, low nanomolar hits of proven mechanism emerging. Receptor structure modeling and ligand docking reveal differences between the receptor binding pockets, which are the basis for subtype selectivity. Novel selective agonists interact primarily in the hydrophobic pocket of the receptor in the absence of headgroup interactions. Chemistry-space and shape-based analysis of the screening libraries in combination with the binding models explain the observed differential hit rates and enhanced efficiency for lead discovery for S1P1 versus S1P3 in this closely related receptor family.
Simulation of Microhollow Cathode Discharge With Planar and Hollow Anodes (2009)

The 3-D fluid models of microhollow cathode discharge (MHCD) with both planar- and hollow-anode structures are presented. In the planar-anode structure, the highest densities are ~10 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">18</sup> and ~10 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">19</sup> m <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">-3</sup> for electron and ion, respectively, and the electron mean energy is in tens of electronvolts. In the hollow-anode structure, densities and electron mean energy are higher than in planar one, which indicates that this structure is more attractive than the planar one. The influences of pressure on the MHCD have also been discussed.
OMICRON (B.1.1.529): A new SARS‐CoV‐2 variant of concern mounting worldwide fear (2021)

Recent emergence of the SARS-CoV-2 variant as OMICRON has become a global concern. This short note highlights the identification and global spread of OMICRON which has spread over 77 nations by now, which resulted in many hypotheses about its origin and degree of infectivity. The detection of mutations in the RBD region of Spike protein is a concern by surpassing vaccine immunity. The ahead will speak about its transmission potentiality, infectivity, disease morbidity as well as its effect on COVID-19 vaccines.
Probabilistic trajectory prediction with Gaussian mixture models (2012)

In the context of driver assistance, an accurate and reliable prediction of the vehicle's trajectory is beneficial. This can be useful either to increase the flexibility of comfort systems or, in the more interesting case, to detect potentially dangerous situations as early as possible. In this contribution, a novel approach for trajectory prediction is proposed which has the capability to predict the vehicle's trajectory several seconds in advance, the so called long-term prediction. To achieve this, previously observed motion patterns are used to infer a joint probability distribution as motion model. Using this distribution, a trajectory can be predicted by calculating the probability for the future motion, conditioned on the current observed history motion pattern. The advantage of the probabilistic modeling is that the result is not only a prediction, but rather a whole distribution over the future trajectories and a specific prediction can be made by the evaluation of the statistical properties, e.g. the mean of this conditioned distribution. Additionally, an evaluation of the variance can be used to examine the reliability of the prediction.
Perceiving path from optic flow (2011)

We examined how people perceive their path of traveling from optic flow. Observers viewed displays simulating their traveling on a circular path over a textured ground, a random-dot ground, or a dynamic random-dot ground display in which dots were periodically redrawn to remove extended dot motion trajectories (flow lines) in the flow field. Five viewing conditions were tested in which the simulated observer gaze direction was pointed to (1) a target on the path at 30° away from the initial heading, (2) a target at 15° outside of the path, (3) a target at 15° inside of the path, (4) along the instantaneous heading, or (5) along the Z-axis of the simulated environment. Path performance was similar for all three display conditions, indicating that observers did not rely on flow lines to perceive path from optic flow. Furthermore, contrary to the idea that looking where you want to go provides accurate path perception, path perception was accurate only when the simulated observer gaze direction pointed in the instantaneous heading direction. In contrast, heading perception was accurate and not affected by path curvature regardless of the simulated gaze direction. The results suggest that heading perception is more robust than path perception.
Efficient Separation of Electron–Hole Pairs in Graphene Quantum Dots by TiO<sub>2</sub> Heterojunctions for Dye Degradation (2015)

Water-soluble, single-crystalline, and amine-functionalized graphene quantum dots (GQDs) with absorption edge at ∼490 nm were synthesized by a molecular fusion method, and stably deposited onto anatase TiO2 nanoparticles under hydrothermal conditions. The effective incorporation of the GQDs extends the light absorption of the TiO2 nanoparticles from UV to a wide visible region. Moreover, amine-functionalized GQD–TiO2 heterojunctions can absorb more O2 than pure TiO2, which can generate more ·O2 species for MO degradation. Accordingly, the heterojunctions exhibit much higher photocatalytic performance for degrading methyl orange (MO) under visible-light irradiation than TiO2 alone. At optimum GQD content (1.0 wt %), an apparent MO decomposition rate constant is 15 times higher than that of TiO2 alone, and photocurrent intensity in response to visible-light excitation increases by 9 times. Compared with conventional sensitization by toxic, photounstable quantum dots such as CdSe QDs, the sensitization by environmentally friendly GQDs shows higher visible-light photocatalytic activity and higher cycling stability. Monodispersed QD-based heterojunctions can effectively inhibit the fast recombination of electron–hole pairs of GQDs with a large exciton binding energy. The photogenerated electron transfer, energy-band-matching mechanism of GQD/TiO2, and possible MO decomposition pathways under visible-light irradiation are proposed.
Plenoptic Layer-Based Modeling for Image Based Rendering (2013)

Image based rendering is an attractive alternative to model based rendering for generating novel views because of its lower complexity and potential for photo-realistic results. To reduce the number of images necessary for alias-free rendering, some geometric information for the 3D scene is normally necessary. In this paper, we present a fast automatic layer-based method for synthesizing an arbitrary new view of a scene from a set of existing views. Our algorithm takes advantage of the knowledge of the typical structure of multiview data to perform occlusion-aware layer extraction. In addition, the number of depth layers used to approximate the geometry of the scene is chosen based on plenoptic sampling theory with the layers placed non-uniformly to account for the scene distribution. The rendering is achieved using a probabilistic interpolation approach and by extracting the depth layer information on a small number of key images. Numerical results demonstrate that the algorithm is fast and yet is only 0.25 dB away from the ideal performance achieved with the ground-truth knowledge of the 3D geometry of the scene of interest. This indicates that there are measurable benefits from following the predictions of plenoptic theory and that they remain true when translated into a practical system for real world data.
Functional analysis of the amino- and carboxyl-termini of streptokinase. (1998)

Streptokinase (SK) is a 414 amino acid bacterial protein that activates human plasminogen. Streptokinase fragments derived from the central portion of the protein bind plasminogen, but are inactive, indicating that the amino- and/or carboxyl-termini are required for normal plasminogen activator activity. To better define the function of the N- and C-termini of SK we generated and characterized 21 N-terminal and 20 C-terminal deletion mutants. All mutants lacking > or = 18 N-terminal or > or = 51 C-terminal amino acids exhibited markedly reduced plasminogen activator activity, while mutants lacking < or = 12 N-terminal or < or = 40 C-terminal residues were fully active. The decrease in SK activity with N-terminal deletion appeared to result not from loss of plasminogen binding capacity, but rather from increased susceptibility of deletion mutants to degradation by plasmin. Point mutations at positions 13 (SK V13D) or 20 (SK V20D) produced functional abnormalities similar to those observed in N-terminal deletion mutants, with SK V13D exhibiting delayed amidolytic activity and SK V20D exhibiting only 1% plasminogen activator activity and marked sensitivity to degradation by plasmin. C-terminal deletion mutants lacking > or = 51 amino acids also bound plasminogen, but did not induce significant amidolytic activity in plasminogen or activator activity in plasmin. Prevention of cleavage at position 59 of SK had no effect on plasminogen activator activity, suggesting that the rapid hydrolysis of this bond that occurs after SK-plasminogen complex formation is not required for normal function of the N-terminus. These results suggest that residues within or near positions 13-20 of SK are important determinants of its capacity to generate amidolytic activity and are a critical determinant of the stability of SK, while residues within or near position 364-374 are required for generating amidolytic activity and for conferring plasminogen activator activity to plasmin(ogen). These results also suggest that SK fragments significantly smaller than SK 13-374 are unlikely to be effective thrombolytic agents.
Development of a Multi-Channel Piezoelectric Acoustic Sensor Based on an Artificial Basilar Membrane (2013)

In this research, we have developed a multi-channel piezoelectric acoustic sensor (McPAS) that mimics the function of the natural basilar membrane capable of separating incoming acoustic signals mechanically by their frequency and generating corresponding electrical signals. The McPAS operates without an external energy source and signal processing unit with a vibrating piezoelectric thin film membrane. The shape of the vibrating membrane was chosen to be trapezoidal such that different locations of membrane have different local resonance frequencies. The length of the membrane is 28 mm and the width of the membrane varies from 1 mm to 8 mm. Multiphysics finite element analysis (FEA) was carried out to predict and design the mechanical behaviors and piezoelectric response of the McPAS model. The designed McPAS was fabricated with a MEMS fabrication process based on the simulated results. The fabricated device was tested with a mouth simulator to measure its mechanical and piezoelectrical frequency response with a laser Doppler vibrometer and acoustic signal analyzer. The experimental results show that the as fabricated McPAS can successfully separate incoming acoustic signals within the 2.5 kHz-13.5 kHz range and the maximum electrical signal output upon acoustic signal input of 94 dBSPL was 6.33 mVpp. The performance of the fabricated McPAS coincided well with the designed parameters.