gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
The Use of the Schizonticidal Agent Quinine Sulfate to Prevent Pond Crashes for Algal-Biofuel Production (2015)

Algal biofuels are investigated as a promising alternative to petroleum fuel sources to satisfy transportation demand. Despite the high growth rate of algae, predation by rotifers, ciliates, golden algae, and other predators will cause an algae in open ponds to crash. In this study, Chlorella kessleri was used as a model alga and the freshwater rotifer, Brachionus calyciflorus, as a model predator. The goal of this study was to test the selective toxicity of the chemical, quinine sulfate (QS), on both the alga and the rotifer in order to fully inhibit the rotifer while minimizing its impact on algal growth. The QS LC50 for B. calyciflorus was 17 µM while C. kessleri growth was not inhibited at concentrations <25 µM. In co-culture, complete inhibition of rotifers was observed when the QS concentration was 7.7 µM, while algal growth was not affected. QS applications to produce 1 million gallons of biodiesel in one year are estimated to be $0.04/gallon or ~1% of Bioenergy Technologies Office's (BETO) projected cost of $5/gge (gallon gasoline equivalent). This provides algae farmers an important tool to manage grazing predators in algae mass cultures and avoid pond crashes.
Characterization of a chromosomal region of Mycoplasma sp. bovine group 7 strain PG50 encoding a glycerol transport locus (gtsABC) (2003)

Mycoplasma species bovine group 7, represented by the type strain PG50, is one of six members of the Mycoplasma mycoides cluster and has been implicated in sporadic and outbreak cases of polyarthritis and mastitis in Australian dairy cattle. This study describes cloning and sequencing a 7.9 kb region of the PG50 chromosome and identification of genes involved in glycerol transport (gtsA, gtsB and gtsC) that are followed by a putative lipoprotein gene lppB and a genomic locus containing two ORFs encoding putative membrane proteins. Long range PCR using primers spanning gtsABC and downstream flanking genes, and Southern hybridization analyses using a suite of probes derived from M. mycoides subsp. mycoides small colony type (SC) strain Afadé for gtsA, gtsB and gtsC, lppB and the two downstream genes confirmed that these genes were conserved among Mycoplasma sp. bovine group 7 isolates and mycoplasmas belonging to the M. mycoides subcluster [M. mycoides subsp. mycoides SC, M. mycoides subsp. mycoides large colony type (LC) and M. mycoides subsp. capri] but were absent in mycoplasmas belonging to the Mycoplasma capricolum subcluster (M. capricolum subsp. capricolum and M. capricolum subsp. capripneumoniae). M. capricolum subsp. capricolum type strain California kid did not hybridize with the probe for gtsA and gave only weak or no hybridization signals with probes derived from the loci downstream of gtsABC, suggesting that this region has diverged in mycoplasmas belonging to subspecies of M. capricolum. It is shown that PG50, after the addition of a physiological concentration of glycerol to the growth medium, generates H(2)O(2) at levels comparable with strain Afadé, implying that the glycerol transport system is functional in Mycoplasma sp. bovine group 7. This suggests that in PG50, as in M. mycoides subsp. mycoides SC, glycerol uptake is followed by phosphorylation to glycerol 3-phosphate and then conversion to dihydroxyacetone phosphate, catalysed by L-alpha-glycerophosphate oxidase, resulting in the production of H(2)O(2). The ability of Mycoplasma sp. bovine group 7 to generate significant amounts of hydrogen peroxide may be important in pathogenesis.
High-speed distributed strain measurement using brillouin optical time-domain reflectometry based-on self-delayed heterodyne detection (2015)

We propose a novel BOTDR technique by using self-delayed interferometer, which realize high-speed measurement and simple configuration simultaneously. Ultra high speed 1km-long distributed measurement of 40 ms was successfully demonstrated with a 1.5 m spatial resolution.
Random fuzzy production and distribution plan of agricultural products and its PSO algorithm (2014)

We present a random fuzzy tactical planning model for the production and distribution of agricultural products because of the uncertainties encountered in the whole process. In the proposed model, the crops' yields are uncertain and assumed to be characterized by random fuzzy variables with known probability and possibility distributions. The model approach selected is a two-stage hybrid uncertain programming in which the decisions in a first stage are designed to meet the uncertain outcomes in a second stage. Since it is always difficult to handle with the random fuzzy model directly, we apply an approximation approach (AA) to evaluate the value of the objective function and discuss the convergence the AA. Considering that the approximating model is neither linear nor convex, it cann't be solved via the conventional optimization algorithm. Therefore, an approximate-based hybrid particle swarm optimization (PSO) algorithm is designed to solve the proposed model. Finally, an application example is presented to highlight the significance of the random fuzzy production and distribution model as well as the effectiveness of the solution method.
Comparison of propagation models for Fixed WiMAX system based on IEEE 802.16-2004 (2009)

The study of empirical propagation models for mobile channels has been done extensively, but the applicability of those models to a Fixed Wireless Access (FWA) System is not appropriately tested. The candidate models include Hata - Okumura, COST 231 Hata, COST-Walfisch-Ikegami and Erceg. From those models Erceg model seems to be the most suitable. In this paper field measurements are taken for the 3.5GHz Fixed WiMAX network in Katubedda, Sri Lanka. Those are used to validate the applicability of the above mentioned propagation models in a sub urban environment in Sri Lanka.
Improved Error Detection and Localization Technique for MPEG-4 Video (2006)

Robust video transmission over wireless channels is very critical due to channel impairments and to their effect on the compressed bitstream. Error detection is a clue point as, if errors are detected, their concealment may be performed. However, traditional error detection techniques aren't enough for detection. In this paper, an improved error detection and localization technique is proposed. The proposed scheme first detects corrupted video packets (VPs) by checking a set of error-checking conditions. It then locates the exact location of the first transmission error within the corrupted video packet by using a block-based checking procedure. The performance of this scheme is evaluated with multiple video sequences at different bit error rates (BERs). Experimental results show the error detection ratio (EDR) for different types of transmission error is more than 90%, close to 100% sometimes. And the scheme can increase the video quality efficiently by combining with error concealment method
Distance Transform Based Hand Gestures Recognition For Powerpoint Presentation Navigation (2012)

Information conveyed in seminars, project presentation or even in class rooms can be effective when slideshow presentation is used. There are various means to control slides which require devices like mouse, keyboard, or laser pointer etc. The disadvantage is one must have prior knowledge about the devices in order to operate them. This paper proposes two methods to control the slides during a presentation using bare hands and compares their efficiencies. The proposed methods employ hand gestures given by the user as input. The gestures are identified by counting the number of active fingers and then slides are controlled. Unlike the conventional method for hand gesture recognition which makes use of gloves or markers or any other devices, this method does not require any additional devices and makes the user comfortable. The proposed method for gesture recognition does not require any database to identify a particular gesture. The experiment was tested under different kinds of light sources like incandescent bulb, fluorescent lamp and natural light.
Issues and directions in visual information retrieval (2002)

Visual information retrieval is attracting an increasing number of researchers from disparate fields, like image analysis, computer vision, databases, knowledge representation, artificial intelligence, man-machine interaction. Although a number of prototype systems have been made available, nevertheless this discipline has not yet reached a mature stage, and overall has not yet been credited as of concrete use in practical applications. Among the very many different lines of development we focus particularly on the importance of bridging the semantic gap between the user and visual information retrieval systems. We focus on usage of semiotics as a framework for extraction of semantics, graphs and graph matching as the representation model and retrieval engine and visualization spaces to capture semantics during the interaction.
Binding of a Sialic Acid-recognizing Lectin Siglec-9 Modulates Adhesion Dynamics of Cancer Cells via Calpain-mediated Protein Degradation (2013)

Although regulatory mechanisms for immune cells with inhibitory signals via immunoreceptor tyrosine-based inhibitory motifs are well known, signals transduced via interaction between Siglecs and sialyl compounds on their counterreceptors into target cells have not been reported to date. In this study, we found that an astrocytoma cell line, AS, showed detachment from culture plates when co-cultured with Siglec-9-expressing cells and/or soluble Siglec-9. Moreover, detached AS cells regrew as co-cultured cells with Siglec-9-deficient cells. They also showed increased motility and invasiveness upon Siglec-9 binding. In immunoblotting, rapid degradation of focal adhesion kinase (FAK) and related signaling molecules such as Akt, paxillin, and p130Cas was observed immediately after the co-culture. Despite degradation of these molecules, increased p-Akt was found at the front region of the cytoplasm, probably reflecting increased cell motility. Calpain was considered to be a responsible protease for the protein degradation by the inhibition experiments. These results suggest that protein degradation of FAK and related molecules was induced by Siglec-9 binding to its counterreceptors via sialylglycoconjugates, leading to the modulation of adhesion kinetics of cancer cells. Thus, this might be a mechanism by which cancer cells utilize Siglec-9-derived signals to escape from immunosurveillance.
Increased lipid peroxidation in tissues of nickel chloride-treated rats. (1985)

Parenteral administration of nickel chloride (NiCl2) to rats enhanced lipid peroxidation in liver, kidney, and lung (but not in brain, heart, spleen, or testis), as measured by the thiobarbituric acid reaction for malondialdehyde (MDA) and related chromogens in fresh tissue homogenates. After sc injection of NiCl2 (0.75 mmol per kg body wt), MDA concentrations in liver and kidney became significantly increased by nine h and reached peak values at 48 h. For example, in nine rats killed 48 h after the NiCl2 injection, hepatic MDA concentrations averaged 2.5 +/- 1.0 mumol per g dry wt (P less than 0.001 versus 0.5 +/- 0.3 mumol per g in 30 controls). Dose-effect relationships for lipid peroxidation in liver and kidney were observed with NiCl2 dosages ranging from 0.12 to 0.75 mmol per kg, sc. Intrarenal administration of a carcinogenic nickel compound, nickel subsulfide (Ni3S2, 0.36 mmol per kg body wt), did not affect MDA concentrations in the injected kidneys of rats killed one to 20 days post-injection. The results of this study implicate lipid peroxidation as a molecular mechanism for cell injury in acute NiCl2 poisoning, but they do not furnish any evidence that lipid peroxidation is involved in the initiation of nickel carcinogenesis.
The design of organizations for rural development projects: a progress report. (1980)

The authors review the problems of organization encountered in a number of rural development projects. They trace the roots of the problems to the traditional model of organization design that has evolved from successful implementation of physical infrastructure projects, but has less relevance to projects aiming at broader development objectives. The authors propose a new conceptual framework based on successful approaches they observed in practice and on new ideas emerging in the field of organization theory. This framework focuses on: (a) assessing power and commitment of the project participants as a basis for organizational design; (b) designing inter-organizational relationships as well as relationships within a single organization; and (c) building a learning process into the organization. The authors then relate their findings and recommendations to the project cycle as it applies to rural development projects.
Quantum nonlinear light emission in metamaterials: broadband Purcell enhancement of parametric downconversion (2018)

Single-photon and correlated two-photon sources are important elements for optical information systems. Nonlinear downconversion light sources are robust and stable emitters of single photons and entangled photon pairs. However, the rate of downconverted light emission, dictated by the properties of low-symmetry nonlinear crystals, is typically very small, leading to significant constraints in device design and integration. In this Letter, we study principles of spontaneous emission control (i.e., the Purcell effect) generalized to describe the enhancement of nonlinear generation of quantum light through spontaneous parametric downconversion. We develop a theoretical framework based on eigenmode analysis to study quantum nonlinear emission in a general anisotropic, dispersive, and lossy media. Our theory provides an unprecedented insight into the emission process. We find that spontaneous parametric downconversion in a media with hyperbolic dispersion is broadband and phase-mismatch-free. We further predict a significant enhancement of the downconverted emission rate in experimentally realistic nanostructures. Our theoretical formalism and approach to Purcell enhancement of nonlinear optical processes provides a framework for description of quantum nonlinear optical phenomena in complex nanophotonic structures.
A sensing element based on 3D imperfected polymer optical fibre (2006)

An exploratory study of a displacement sensor based on a bent imperfected plastic optical fibre is presented. The preliminary experimental results demonstrate the new concept of 3D imperfections implemented on a polymer optical fibre (POF) as a sensing element. The results confirm that the sensitivity of the sensor is significantly changed when using imperfections with a different abrasion angle, imperfection location angle, imperfection displacement and V-groove cavity depth. This technique demonstrates the feasibility of developing a new generation of fibre optic displacement sensors.
Targeted Cellular Delivery of Quantum Dots Loaded on and in Biotinylated Liposomes (2010)

We describe the preparation, biophysical characterization, and receptor-mediated cellular internalization of biotinylated lipid particles (BLPs) loaded on the surface and internally with two distinct (colors) of quantum dot (QD) probes. BLPs were formulated with 1.4 and 2.7 mol % PEG-lipids containing either a fusogenic or pH-sensitive lipid to promote bilayer destabilization of endosomal membranes and favor QD cytoplasmic release. The amount of PEG was chosen to provide steric stabilization of the final construct. BLPs were loaded with a red-emitting QD(655) and surface coated with a green-emitting QD(525) conjugated to the epidermal growth factor (EGF) ligand in order to target the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR). The targeted and QD labeled BLPs showed strong and selective binding to EGFR-expressing tumor cell line and subsequent internalization. The dual-color QD labeling strategy and colocalization analysis allow prolonged live cell imaging of BLPs and loaded cargo independently, using a single excitation wavelength and simultaneous detection of both QDs. The chemistry of bioconjugation for the EGF ligand, the QDs, and the BLPs in a single lipid particle, involves only biotin-streptavidin interaction without requiring further purification from free EGF-QDs preformed complexes. Coupled with an encapsulated drug, the targeted and QD-labeled BLPs could provide imaging and drug delivery in a single multifunctional carrier.
Design and Analysis of a New Torque Vectoring System with a Ravigneaux Gearset for Vehicle Applications (2017)

The purpose of this research is to develop a new torque vectoring differential (TVD) for vehicle applications and investigate its effect on vehicle dynamic control. TVD is a technology that is able to distribute the engine torque to the left and right driving wheels at different ratios so that the yaw motion control can be realized. Attention has been paid to this technology in recent years because of its potential to improve the vehicle performance and driving safety. In this study, a new TVD design with a Ravigneaux gearset was developed. This new design is able to use only one pair of gearsets to generate two different speed ratios, and the weight and volume of the system can be reduced. To execute the research, current TVD designs were analyzed and their design principles were clarified. Next, a new TVD design with Ravigneaux gearset was proposed. Then the connecting manner and the gear ratio of the Ravigneaux gearset were discussed. The dynamic equation of the system was then derived and the operation of the system was simulated in a MATLAB program. Further simulation was performed with a vehicle dynamic model in SimulationX to demonstrate the effect of the new system. The results of this study show the potential of building a new TVD with a Ravigneaux gearset and can be helpful for further system development.
Estimation of the orientation of vehicles in high-resolution radar images (2015)

The availability of high-resolution image radars allows estimating the orientation of vehicles from a single measurement without temporal filtering. This gives the opportunity to react even faster to certain critical traffic scenes. This paper presents an approach for estimating the orientation of a vehicle. The orientated bounding box algorithm known from literature is adapted to this end and a quality function is introduced to choose the optimal bounding box. In addition, a brute-force approach for determining the best possible outcome is presented.
Molecular cloning of the cDNA for a mutant mouse ribonucleotide reductase M1 that produces a dominant mutator phenotype in mammalian cells. (1988)

Mammalian ribonucleotide reductase is regulated by the binding of dATP and other nucleotide effectors to allosteric sites on subunit M1. Using mRNA from a mutant mouse T-lymphoma (S49) cell line, we have isolated a cDNA which encodes an altered, dATP feedback-resistant subunit M1. The mutant cDNA contains a single point mutation (a G-to-A transition) at codon 57, converting aspartic acid to asparagine. Proof that this mutation is responsible for the phenotype of dATP feedback resistance is provided by the following evidence. (i) The mutation was detected only in mutant S49 cells containing dATP feedback-resistant ribonucleotide reductase and not in wild-type or other mutant S49 cells. (ii) Transfection of Chinese hamster ovary cells with an expression plasmid containing the mutant M1 cDNA resulted in the production of dATP feedback-resistant ribonucleotide reductase. Transfected CHO cells expressing the mutant M1 cDNA exhibited a 15- to 25-fold increase in the frequency of spontaneous mutation to 6-thioguanine resistance, confirming that dATP feedback-resistant ribonucleotide reductase produces a mutator phenotype in mammalian cells. The availability of a cDNA which encodes dATP feedback-resistant subunit M1 thus provides a means of manipulating by transfection the frequency of spontaneous mutation in mammalian cells.
Association between type 1 diabetes and Haemophilus influenzae type b vaccination: birth cohort study (1999)

It is unlikely that H influenzae type b vaccination or its timing cause type 1 diabetes in children.
Borderline over-sampling for imbalanced data classification (2011)

Traditional classification algorithms usually provide poor accuracy on the prediction of the minority class of imbalanced data sets. This paper proposes a new method for dealing with imbalanced data sets by over-sampling the borderline minority class instances. A Support Vector Machine (SVM) classifier is then trained to predict future instances. Compared with other over-sampling methods, the proposed method focuses only on the minority class instances residing along the decision boundary, due to the fact that this region is the most crucial for establishing the decision boundary. Furthermore, the artificial minority instances are generated in such a way that the regions of the minority class with fewer majority class instances would be expanded by extrapolation, otherwise the current boundary of the minority class would be consolidated by interpolation. Experimental results show that the proposed method achieves a better performance than other over-sampling methods.
The Polycomb Group Protein EED Interacts with YY1, and Both Proteins Induce Neural Tissue in <i>Xenopus</i>Embryos (2001)

Polycomb group (PcG) proteins form multimeric protein complexes which are involved in the heritable stable repression of genes. Previously, we identified two distinct human PcG protein complexes. The EED-EZH protein complex contains the EED and EZH2 PcG proteins, and the HPC-HPH PcG complex contains the HPC, HPH, BMI1, and RING1 PcG proteins. Here we show that YY1, a homolog of the Drosophila PcG protein pleiohomeotic (Pho), interacts specificially with the human PcG protein EED but not with proteins of the HPC-HPH PcG complex. Since YY1 and Pho are DNA-binding proteins, the interaction between YY1 and EED provides a direct link between the chromatin-associated EED-EZH PcG complex and the DNA of target genes. To study the functional significance of the interaction, we expressed the Xenopus homologs of EED and YY1 in Xenopus embryos. Both Xeed and XYY1 induce an ectopic neural axis but do not induce mesodermal tissues. In contrast, members of the HPC-HPH PcG complex do not induce neural tissue. The exclusive, direct neuralizing activity of both the Xeed and XYY1 proteins underlines the significance of the interaction between the two proteins. Our data also indicate a role for chromatin-associated proteins, such as PcG proteins, in Xenopus neural induction.
PV-RCNN: Point-Voxel Feature Set Abstraction for 3D Object Detection (2019)

We present a novel and high-performance 3D object detection framework, named PointVoxel-RCNN (PV-RCNN), for accurate 3D object detection from point clouds. Our proposed method deeply integrates both 3D voxel Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) and PointNet-based set abstraction to learn more discriminative point cloud features. It takes advantages of efficient learning and high-quality proposals of the 3D voxel CNN and the flexible receptive fields of the PointNet-based networks. Specifically, the proposed framework summarizes the 3D scene with a 3D voxel CNN into a small set of keypoints via a novel voxel set abstraction module to save follow-up computations and also to encode representative scene features. Given the high-quality 3D proposals generated by the voxel CNN, the RoI-grid pooling is proposed to abstract proposal-specific features from the keypoints to the RoI-grid points via keypoint set abstraction with multiple receptive fields. Compared with conventional pooling operations, the RoI-grid feature points encode much richer context information for accurately estimating object confidences and locations. Extensive experiments on both the KITTI dataset and the Waymo Open dataset show that our proposed PV-RCNN surpasses state-of-the-art 3D detection methods with remarkable margins by using only point clouds. Code is available at https://github.com/open-mmlab/OpenPCDet.