gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Development of an overhead power line contact alarm for mobile equipment (2005)

This paper describes research by the US National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health's Pittsburgh Research Laboratory to develop an overhead power line contact alarm system for mobile equipment. Analysis of accident reports revealed that many workers were unaware of a power line contact until after an injury occurred, suggesting that many injuries could be prevented by an alarm system that alerts operators and other nearby workers when a line has been contacted. Sensing electric current flow through mobile equipment chasses and measuring electric field strength between equipment chasses and ground were studied as possible techniques for detecting power line contact. Experiments involved using these techniques to monitor energised cranes and dump-bed trucks, operating on commonly encountered types of road and work area surfaces. Sensing current flow proved inadequate when operating on a high-resistivity surface such as asphalt, but electric field measurement was more reliable, performing well on several different surface types. Additionally, electrical characteristics of the cranes and trucks were examined, and this confirmed that, in a power line contact accident, the primary hazard to personnel is simultaneously contacting the equipment and ground. A prototype power line contact alarm system was constructed and tested.
A phase 1/2 dose escalation and expansion study of bemcentinib (BGB324), a first-in-class, selective AXL inhibitor, with docetaxel in patients with previously treated non-squamous NSCLC. (2018)

e21043 Background: AXL is a receptor tyrosine kinase expressed on a variety of tumours as well as innate immune cells. AXL functions to regulate multiple cellular processes including tumour cell survival and proliferation, as well as immunosuppression in the tumour microenvironment. AXL over-expression is an independent negative prognostic factor linked with treatment resistance and poor outcomes in NSCLC. Bemcentinib (BGB324) is a selective orally bioavailable small molecule AXL kinase inhibitor in ph 2 clinical development across multiple cancer indications including combination trials in NSCLC. Preclinically, the combination of bemcentinib with docetaxel was shown to be additive in in vivo models of NSCLC. BGBIL005 is an open-label, investigator-initiated dose escalation and expansion trial designed to assess the safety, tolerability, preliminary efficacy, and biomarkers of bemcentinib in combination with docetaxel in previously treated NSCLC. Methods: Dose escalation of daily bemcentinib in combination with docetaxel (60 or 75 mg/m2 q3wks) followed a standard 3+3 design and was to be performed until the occurrence of Grade 3 or worse non-haematological toxicity or significant hematological toxicity during the first cycle of treatment. Tumor responses were assessed per investigator using RECIST v1.1. Plasma protein biomarker levels were measured using the DiscoveryMap v3.3 panel (Myriad RBM) in patients pre-dose and at C2D1. Results: 11 pts have been treated. The starting dose of 75 mg/m2 docetaxel and 100 mg daily of bemcentinib led to 2 hematological DLTs, thus recruitment is currently ongoing at 60 mg/m2 docetaxel and 100 mg bemcentinib. Confirmed objective responses have been reported at both dose levels. Out of the first 7 pts evaluated, 2 partial responses (29%) were reported as well as 2 stable diseases (29%). Candidate predictive and pharmacodynamic biomarkers have been identified. Conclusions: The combination of bemcentinib and docetaxel is active in the treatment of advanced non-squamous NSCLC. Predictive biomarker candidates will continue to be explored. Clinical trial information: NCT02922777.
Research on online diagnosis method of transformer winding deformation based on correlation mining of operating voltage and current (2020)

Transformer is one of the main equipment of power system, winding deformation will lay a hidden danger for the operation of transformer. Most of the existing winding deformation diagnosis methods belong to off-line diagnosis, which has the disadvantages of power cut and long interval period. In this paper, an on-line diagnosis method of transformer winding deformation based on the correlation mining of operating voltage and current is proposed. Through collecting practical cases, the monitoring data before and after transformer winding deformation are compared longitudinally by using the logic regression method, and it is found that only the monitoring data of voltage and current are significantly related to the deformation among the four monitoring indexes of current, voltage, power and oil temperature. Combined with the algorithm of permutation entropy, the data before and after transformer deformation are compared crosswise, it is found that the permutation entropy of many indexes of transformer with winding deformation before and after short circuit is obviously different, while the permutation entropy of each index of transformer without winding deformation is basically the same before and after short circuit. And the on-line diagnosis of winding deformation can be realized by analyzing the actual state of permutation entropy of key indexes of transformer. In this study, a total of 29 transformer winding deformation diagnosis was completed, 27 transformers were correctly identified, and the diagnostic accuracy rate was 93.10%, which verified the effectiveness of the method and its popularization among different types of transformers.
An Energy-Recovering Reconfigurable Series Resonant Clocking Scheme for Wide Frequency Operation (2015)

On-chip low skew clock distribution driving large load capacitances can consume as much as 70% of the total dynamic power that is lost as heat, resulting in high cooling costs. To mitigate this, an energy recovering reconfigurable series resonance solution with all the critical support circuitry is described. This LC resonant clock driver on a 22 nm process node saves about 50% driver power ( >40% overall) and has 50% less skew than non-resonant driver at 2 GHz, while operating down to 0.2 GHz for dynamic voltage and frequency scaling. Reconfiguring for pulse mode operation enables further power saving, using latches instead of flip-flop banks, for double data rate applications. Tradeoffs in timing performance versus power, based on theoretical analysis, are compared and verified, to enable synthesis of an optimal topology for a given application.
Neuromorphic computing using non-volatile memory (2016)

Dense crossbar arrays of non-volatile memory (NVM) devices represent one possible path for implementing massively-parallel and highly energy-efficient neuromorphic computing systems. We first review recent advances in the application of NVM devices to three computing paradigms: spiking neural networks (SNNs), deep neural networks (DNNs), and âMemcomputingâ. In SNNs, NVM synaptic connections are updated by a local learning rule such as spike-timing-dependent-plasticity, a computational approach directly inspired by biology. For DNNs, NVM arrays can represent matrices of synaptic weights, implementing the matrixâvector multiplication needed for algorithms such as backpropagation in an analog yetmassively-parallel fashion. This approach could provide significant improvements in power and speed compared to GPU-based DNN training, for applications of commercial significance. We then survey recent research in which different types of NVM devices â including phase change memory, conductive-bridging RAM, filamentary and nonfilamentary RRAM, and other NVMs â have been proposed, either as a synapse or as a neuron, for use within a neuromorphic computing application. The relevant virtues and limitations of these devices are assessed, in terms of properties such as conductance dynamic range, (non)linearity and (a)symmetry of conductance response, retention, endurance, required switching power, and device variability.
Single-longitudinal-mode ring diamond Raman laser (2017)

We demonstrate a single-longitudinal-mode ring diamond Raman laser, pumped by a tunable single-mode Ti:sapphire laser. Two methods to achieving unidirectional operation have been demonstrated: increasing gain for one direction using a reinjecting mirror and increasing loss for one direction using sum frequency mixing in BBO. Both methods result in a stable single-longitudinal-mode operation.
Improved PET Imaging of uPAR Expression Using new <sup>64</sup>Cu-labeled Cross-Bridged Peptide Ligands: Comparative <i>in vitro</i> and <i>in vivo</i> Studies (2013)

The correlation between uPAR expression, cancer cell invasion and metastases is now well-established and has prompted the development of a number of uPAR PET imaging agents, which could potentially identify cancer patients with invasive and metastatic lesions. In the present study, we synthesized and characterized two new cross-bridged (64)Cu-labeled peptide conjugates for PET imaging of uPAR and performed a head-to-head comparison with the corresponding and more conventionally used DOTA conjugate. Based on in-source laser-induced reduction of chelated Cu(II) to Cu(I), we now demonstrate the following ranking with respect to the chemical inertness of their complexed Cu ions: DOTA-AE105 << CB-TE2A-AE105 < CB-TE2A-PA-AE105, which is correlated to their corresponding demetallation rate. No penalty in the uPAR receptor binding affinity of the targeting peptide was encountered by conjugation to either of the macrobicyclic chelators (IC50 ~ 5-10 nM) and high yields and radiochemical purities (>95%) were achieved in all cases by incubation at 95ºC. In vivo, they display identical tumor uptake after 1h, but differ significantly after 22 hrs, where the DOTA-AE105 uptake remains surprisingly high. Importantly, the more stable of the new uPAR PET tracers, (64)Cu-CB-TE2A-PA-AE105, exhibits a significantly reduced liver uptake compared to (64)Cu-DOTA-AE105 as well as (64)Cu-CB-TE2A-AE105, (p<0.0001), emphasizing that our new in vitro stability measurements by mass spectrometry predicts in vivo stability in mice. Specificity of the best performing ligand, (64)Cu-CB-TE2A-PA-AE105 was finally confirmed in vivo using a non-binding (64)Cu-labeled peptide as control ((64)Cu-CB-TE2A-PA-AE105(mut)). This control PET-tracer revealed significantly reduced tumor uptake (p<0.0001), but identical hepatic uptake compared to its active counterpart ((64)Cu-CB-TE2A-PA-AE105) after 1h. In conclusion, our new approach using in-source laser-induced reduction of Cu(II)-chelated PET-ligands provides useful information, which are predictive for the tracer stability in vivo in mice. Furthermore, the increased stability of our new macrobicyclic (64)Cu-CB-TE2A-PA-AE105 PET ligand is paralleled by an excellent imaging contrast during non-invasive PET scanning of uPAR expression in preclinical mouse cancer models. The translational promises displayed by this PET-tracer for future clinical cancer patient management remains, however, to be investigated.
A Novel Human Her-2/neu Chimeric Molecule Expressed by <i>Listeria monocytogenes</i> Can Elicit Potent HLA-A2 Restricted CD8-positive T cell Responses and Impact the Growth and Spread of Her-2/neu-positive Breast Tumors (2009)

This novel L. monocytogenes-hHer-2/neu chimera vaccine proves to be just as effective as the individual vaccines but combines the strength of all three in a single vaccination. These encouraging results support future clinical trials using this chimera vaccine and may be applicable to other cancer types expressing the Her-2/neu molecule such as colorectal and pancreatic cancer.
<title>Imaging and measurement of cell structure and organization with submicron accuracy using light scattering spectroscopy</title> (2002)

Light scattering spectroscopy (LSS) is a promising optical technique developed for quantitative characterization of tissue morphology as well as in vivo detection and diagnosis of disease such as early cancer. LSS employs a wavelength dependent component of light scattered by epithelial cells and other tissues to obtain information about subcellular structure. We present two novel modalities of LSS, LSS imaging and scattering angle sensitive LSS (a/LSS). LSS imaging provides quantitative information about the epithelial cell nuclei, such as nuclear size, degree of pleomorphism, hyperchromasia, and amount of chromatin. It allows mapping these histological properties over wide areas of epithelial lining. We show that LSS imaging can be used to detect precancerous lesions in optically accessible organs. Using a/LSS, which enables characterization of tissue components with sizes smaller than the wavelength of light, we show that the number of subcellular components with the sizes between 30 nm and few microns scales with the size according to an inverse power-law. We show that the size distribution exponent is an important parameter characterizing tissue organization, for example the balance between stochasticity and order, and has a potential to be applicable for early cancer diagnosis and characterization.
Synthesis of 2′-Fluoro RNA by Syn5 RNA polymerase (2015)

The substitution of 2'-fluoro for 2'-hydroxyl moieties in RNA substantially improves the stability of RNA. RNA stability is a major issue in RNA research and applications involving RNA. We report that the RNA polymerase from the marine cyanophage Syn5 has an intrinsic low discrimination against the incorporation of 2'-fluoro dNMPs during transcription elongation. The presence of both magnesium and manganese ions at high concentrations further reduce this discrimination without decreasing the efficiency of incorporation. We have constructed a Syn5 RNA polymerase in which tyrosine 564 is replaced with phenylalanine (Y564F) that further decreases the discrimination against 2'-fluoro-dNTPs during RNA synthesis. Sequence elements in DNA templates that affect the yield of RNA and incorporation of 2'-fluoro-dNMPs by Syn5 RNA polymerase have been identified.
Pointing with the eyes: Gaze estimation using a static/active camera system and 3D iris disk model (2010)

The ability to capture the direction the eyes point in while the subject is a distance away from the camera offers the potential for intuitive human-computer interfaces, allowing for a greater interactivity, more intelligent HCI behavior, and increased flexibility. In this paper, we present a two-camera system that detects the face from a fixed, wide-angle camera, estimates a rough location for the eye region using an eye detector based on topographic features, and directs another active pan-tilt-zoom camera to focus in on this eye region. We also propose a novel eye gaze estimation approach for point-of-regard (PoG) tracking on a large viewing screen. To allow for greater head pose freedom, we developed a new calibration approach to find the 3D eyeball location, eyeball radius, and fovea position. Moreover, we map both the iris center and iris contour points to the eyeball sphere (creating a 3D iris disk) to get the optical axis; we then rotate the fovea accordingly and compute our final, visual axis gaze direction. We intend to integrate this gaze estimation approach with our two-camera system, permitting natural, non-intrusive, pose-invariant PoG estimation in distance and allowing user translational freedom without resorting to infrared or complex hardware setups such as stereo-cameras or “smart rooms".
An Optimized, Synthetic DNA Vaccine Encoding the Toxin A and Toxin B Receptor Binding Domains of Clostridium difficile Induces Protective Antibody Responses<i>In Vivo</i> (2014)

Clostridium difficile-associated disease (CDAD) constitutes a large majority of nosocomial diarrhea cases in industrialized nations and is mediated by the effects of two secreted toxins, toxin A (TcdA) and toxin B (TcdB). Patients who develop strong antitoxin antibody responses can clear C. difficile infection and remain disease free. Key toxin-neutralizing epitopes have been found within the carboxy-terminal receptor binding domains (RBDs) of TcdA and TcdB, which has generated interest in developing the RBD as a viable vaccine target. While numerous platforms have been studied, very little data describes the potential of DNA vaccination against CDAD. Therefore, we created highly optimized plasmids encoding the RBDs from TcdA and TcdB in which any putative N-linked glycosylation sites were altered. Mice and nonhuman primates were immunized intramuscularly, followed by in vivo electroporation, and in these animal models, vaccination induced significant levels of both anti-RBD antibodies (blood and stool) and RBD-specific antibody-secreting cells. Further characterization revealed that sera from immunized mice and nonhuman primates could detect RBD protein from transfected cells, as well as neutralize purified toxins in an in vitro cytotoxicity assay. Mice that were immunized with plasmids or given nonhuman-primate sera were protected from a lethal challenge with purified TcdA and/or TcdB. Moreover, immunized mice were significantly protected when challenged with C. difficile spores from homologous (VPI 10463) and heterologous, epidemic (UK1) strains. These data demonstrate the robust immunogenicity and efficacy of a TcdA/B RBD-based DNA vaccine in preclinical models of acute toxin-associated and intragastric, spore-induced colonic disease.
Genetic Isolation, Cloning, and Analysis of a Mutator-Induced, Dominant Antimorph of the Maize amylose extender1 Locus. (1993)

We report the genetic identification, molecular cloning, and characterization of a dominant mutant at the amylose extender1 locus, Ae1-5180. The identities of our clones are corroborated by their ability to reveal DNA polymorphisms between seven wild-type revertants from Ae1-5180 relative to the Ae1-5180 mutant allele and between four of five independently derived, Mutator (Mu)-induced recessive ae1 alleles relative to their respective wild-type progenitor alleles. The Ae1-5180 mutation is associated with two Mu1 insertions flanked by complex rearrangements of ae1-related sequences. One of the Mu1 elements is flanked by inverted repeats of ae1-related DNA of at least 5.0 kb in length. This Mu1 element and at least some of this flanking inverted repeat DNA are absent or hypermethylated in six of seven wild-type revertants of Ae1-5180 that were analyzed. The second Mu1 element is flanked on one side by the 5.0-kb ae1-specific repeat and on the other side by a sequence that does not hybridize to the ae1-related repeat sequence. This second Mu1 element is present in revertants to the wild type and does not, therefore, appear to affect ae1 gene function. A 2.7-kb ae1 transcript can be detected in wild-type and homozygous ae1-Ref endosperms 20 days after pollination. This transcript is absent in endosperms containing one, two, or three doses of Ae1-5180. This result is consistent with a suppression model to explain the dominant gene action of Ae1-5180 and establishes Ae1-5180 as an antimorphic allele. Homozygous wild-type seedlings produce no detectable transcript, indicating some degree of tissue specificity for ae1 expression. Sequence analyses establish that ae1 encodes starch branching enzyme II.
Novel synthetic amino acid copolymers that inhibit autoantigen-specific T cell responses and suppress experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (2002)

Copolymer 1 (Cop 1, Copaxone [Teva Marion Partners, Kansas City, Missouri, USA]), a random amino acid copolymer of tyrosine (Y), glutamic acid (E), alanine (A), and lysine (K), reduces the frequency of relapses by 30% in relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis (MS) patients. In the present study, novel random four–amino acid copolymers, whose design was based on the nature of the anchor residues of the immunodominant epitope of myelin basic protein (MBP) 85-99 and of the binding pockets of MS-associated HLA-DR2 (DRB1*1501), have been synthesized by solid-phase chemistry. Poly (Y, F, A, K) (YFAK) inhibited binding of the biotinylated MBP 86-100 epitope to HLA-DR2 molecules more efficiently than did either unlabeled MBP 85-99 or any other copolymer including Cop 1. Moreover, YFAK and poly (F, A, K) (FAK) were much more effective than Cop 1 in inhibition of MBP 85-99–specific HLA-DR2–restricted T cell clones. Most importantly, these novel copolymers suppressed experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis, induced in the susceptible SJL/J (H-2s) strain of mice with the encephalitogenic epitope PLP 139-151, more efficiently than did Cop 1. Thus, random synthetic copolymers designed according to the binding motif of the human immunodominant epitope MBP 85-99 and the binding pockets of HLA-DR2 might be more beneficial than Cop 1 in treatment of MS.
<title>Photomechanical stabilization and positioning with polymer optical fibers</title> (1994)

Based on the well known observation that refractive index changes can be induced with light and that such changes are often accompanied by density and length changes, we have demonstrated photomechanical effects (light induced length changes) in polymer optical fibers and have applied these effects to make all-optical devices that have a mechanical function. In particular, we report on the observation of the slower photothermal mechanism and the faster electrostrictive mechanism. These two mechanisms are applied to build an all-optical position stabilizer and digital positioner; and an ultrafast all-optical positioner.
Guiding filters for massive wavelength division multiplexing in soliton transmission (1997)

In soliton transmission, third-order dispersion of the transmission fibers tends to cause unacceptable variation in the filter strength parameter eta over the wide wavelength bands required for massive wavelength division multiplexing. We show how to vary the mirror reflectivities of etalon filters with wavelength, such that eta , in soliton units, nevertheless remains at the optimal value across the entire transmission band, and we show how to achieve the required R(lambda) accurately and reproducibly by making the etalons from gratings written in fiber.
Electrostatic Endothelial Cell Transplantation within Small-Diameter (<6 MM) Vascular Prostheses: A Prototype Apparatus and Procedure (1997)

This article presents a novel, clinically relevant electrostatic endothelial cell transplantation (seeding/sodding) device (U.S. & Foreign Patent Protections Pending) for small-diameter (<6 mm) vascular prostheses. The prototype apparatus was designed and built to tissue engineer 4.0 mm, I.D. GORE-TEX® (W.L. Gore & Associates, Inc.) standard wall graft segments varying in length from 4 to 12 cm. The prototype electrostatic endothelial cell transplantation apparatus is composed of an external and internal conductor, aluminum base, end supports, pillow blocks, filling apparatus, electric motor drive system, and a voltage source. The cylindrical capacitor arrangement of the device along with an electrical potential applied across the internal and external conductors creates the unique feature of this endothelial cell transplantation technique, an electric field within the cylindrical capacitor (within the graft lumen) which in turn induces a temporary positive surface charge on the graft (dielectric material) luminal surface. Multiple studies have shown that a positively charged substrate is more conducive to endothelial cell adhesion and morphological maturation (flattening) (1,2, 7,8,10,13-15). This induced positive surface charge dissipates immediately upon removal from the electrostatic endothelial cell transplantation device. Thus, after endothelial cell adhesion the graft luminal surface reverts back to its natural (nonthrombogenic) negative surface charge.
Standardization of the transmission line pulse (TLP) methodology for electrostatic discharge (ESD) (2003)

Standardization of the methodology of transmission line pulse (TLP) testing has become a necessary reality as it becomes a common place practice in the ESD discipline. This paper discusses the development and method of a TLP standard practice.