gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Operative Release of Ankylosis of the Elbow Due to Heterotopic Ossification (2004)

Osseous ankylosis of the elbow is a severely disabling problem, and attempts to regain mobility are both worthwhile and safe. The results are comparable when the ankylosis is caused by burns or trauma despite the greater complexity of osseous ankylosis in the burned arm. Patients and surgeons should be aware of the small risk of recurrent heterotopic ossification and the moderate risk of pain or recurrent contracture after operative release.
Evaluation of a Monoclonal Antibody, BC‐1, Which Identifies an Antigen Expressed on the Surface Membrane of Human Extravillous Trophoblast (1992)

This paper describes a new Mab BC-1 which is directed at a cell surface antigen expressed by extravillous cytotrophoblast and not by villous cytotrophoblast, so it is useful for distinguishing between the two populations. The antigen recognised by BC-1 is trypsin-resistant, which allows it to be used for flow cytometric analysis of living trophoblast isolated by enzymic disaggregation. However, BC-1 is not trophoblast-specific but cross-reacts with some other tissues, in particular endothelial cells and peripheral blood monocytes. The nature of this antigen has not been established.
622 Mb/s 8×8 shared multibuffer ATM switch with hierarchical queueing and multicast functions (2002)

A new ATM switch architecture, named the shared multibuffer architecture, features great advantages in the access speed, overall size of the buffer memories, and the cell loss performance. We have developed a 622 Mb/s 8/spl times/8 shared multibuffer ATM switch with multicast and hierarchical queueing functions to accommodate 156 Mb/s, 622 Mb/s and 2.4 Gb/s interfaces. Implementation of the shared multibuffer ATM switch is described with respect to four sorts of 0.8-/spl mu/m BiCMOS LSIs and an ATM switch board. The switch board consists of four aligner-LSIs, nine buffer-LSIs and one control-LSI (or control/type 2-LSI). Possible applications to an ATM access system and a 2.4 Gb/s ATM loop system are also discussed.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Graph-Aware, Workload-Adaptive SPARQL Query Caching (2015)

The pace at which data is described, queried and exchanged using the RDF specification has been ever increasing with the proliferation of Semantic Web. Minimizing SPARQL query response times has been an open issue for the plethora of RDF stores, yet SPARQL result caching techniques have not been extensively utilized. In this work we present a novel system that addresses graph-based, workload-adaptive indexing of large RDF graphs by caching SPARQL query results. At the heart of the system lies a SPARQL query canonical labelling algorithm that is used to uniquely index and reference SPARQL query graphs as well as their isomorphic forms. We integrate our canonical labelling algorithm with a dynamic programming planner in order to generate the optimal join execution plan, examining the utilization of both primitive triple indexes and cached query results. By monitoring cache requests, our system is able to identify and cache SPARQL queries that, even if not explicitly issued, greatly reduce the average response time of a workload. The proposed cache is modular in design, allowing integration with different RDF stores. Incorporating it to an open-source, distributed RDF engine that handles large scale RDF datasets, we prove that workload-adaptive caching can reduce average response times by up to two orders of magnitude and offer interactive response times for complex workloads and huge RDF datasets.
Temperature-compensated fiber-optic 3D shape sensor based on femtosecond laser direct-written Bragg grating waveguides (2013)

Temperature-compensated 3D fiber shape sensing is demonstrated with femtosecond laser direct-written optical and Bragg grating waveguides that were distributed axially and radially inside a single coreless optical fiber. Efficient light coupling between the laser-written optical circuit elements and a standard single-mode fiber (SMF) was obtained for the first time by 3D laser writing of a 1 × 3 directional coupler to meet with the core waveguide in the fusion-spliced SMF. Simultaneous interrogation of nine Bragg gratings, distributed along three laterally offset waveguides, is presented through a single waveguide port at 1 kHz sampling rate to follow the Bragg wavelength shifts in real-time and thereby infer shape and temperature profile unambiguously along the fiber length. This distributed 3D strain and thermal sensor is freestanding, flexible, compact, lightweight and opens new directions for creating fiber cladding photonic devices for a wide range of applications from shape and thermal sensing to guidance of biomedical catheters and tools in minimally invasive surgery.
A Paradigm Shift in the Management of Thyroid Eye Disease How Teprotumumab Has Changed the Therapeutic Interface (2022)

Teprotumumab is a powerful therapeutic option for the treatment of TED. Clinical experience following FDA approval has demonstrated efficacy in treating patients with acute and chronic TED. It is the only therapeutic option that has been shown to reduce orbital soft tissue expansion in TED. However, it is expensive, and sometimes, obtaining insurance authorization can be time consuming and difficult. Further work will reveal its full side effect profile and help to establish its role in the armamentarium used to treat TED.
Maize <i>(Zea mays):</i> A Model Organism for Basic and Applied Research in Plant Biology (2009)

Zea mays ssp. mays is one of the world's most important crop plants, boasting a multibillion dollar annual revenue. In addition to its agronomic importance, maize has been a keystone model organism for basic research for nearly a century. Within the cereals, which include other plant model species such as rice (Oryza sativa), sorghum (Sorghum bicolor), wheat (Triticum spp.), and barley (Hordeum vulgare), maize is the most thoroughly researched genetic system. Several attributes of the maize plant, including a vast collection of mutant stocks, large heterochromatic chromosomes, extensive nucleotide diversity, and genic colinearity within related grasses, have positioned this species as a centerpiece for genetic, cytogenetic, and genomic research. As a model organism, maize is the subject of such far-ranging biological investigations as plant domestication, genome evolution, developmental physiology, epigenetics, pest resistance, heterosis, quantitative inheritance, and comparative genomics. These and other studies will be advanced by the completed sequencing and annotation of the maize gene space, which will be realized during 2009. Here we present an overview of the use of maize as a model system and provide links to several protocols that enable its genetic and genomic analysis.
Ligand Effects in Palladium-Catalyzed Allylic Alkylation in Ionic Liquids (2000)

Palladium-catalyzed allylic alkylation with a variety of active methylene compounds has been carried out in the ionic liquid 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium tetrafluoroborate ([bmim][BF4]). Phosphine ligands are found to exert a profound effect on the active palladium species, with the more electron-donating ones such as PCy3 affording faster rates and the strong electron acceptors such as P(OPh)3 affording extremely low conversions. In the most commonly used molecular solvent, THF, the reaction is slower and the choice of ligands is more limited. These observations may be accounted for by the allylpalladium intermediate existing in different forms in the two solvents.
DeepSurv: personalized treatment recommender system using a Cox proportional hazards deep neural network (2018)

The predictive and modeling capabilities of DeepSurv will enable medical researchers to use deep neural networks as a tool in their exploration, understanding, and prediction of the effects of a patient's characteristics on their risk of failure.
Weakly-supervised DCNN for RGB-D Object Recognition in Real-World Applications Which Lack Large-scale Annotated Training Data (2017)

This paper addresses the problem of RGBD object recognition in real-world applications, where large amounts of annotated training data are typically unavailable. To overcome this problem, we propose a novel, weakly-supervised learning architecture (DCNN-GPC) which combines parametric models (a pair of Deep Convolutional Neural Networks (DCNN) for RGB and D modalities) with non-parametric models (Gaussian Process Classification). Our system is initially trained using a small amount of labeled data, and then automatically prop- agates labels to large-scale unlabeled data. We first run 3D- based objectness detection on RGBD videos to acquire many unlabeled object proposals, and then employ DCNN-GPC to label them. As a result, our multi-modal DCNN can be trained end-to-end using only a small amount of human annotation. Finally, our 3D-based objectness detection and multi-modal DCNN are integrated into a real-time detection and recognition pipeline. In our approach, bounding-box annotations are not required and boundary-aware detection is achieved. We also propose a novel way to pretrain a DCNN for the depth modality, by training on virtual depth images projected from CAD models. We pretrain our multi-modal DCNN on public 3D datasets, achieving performance comparable to state-of-the-art methods on Washington RGBS Dataset. We then finetune the network by further training on a small amount of annotated data from our novel dataset of industrial objects (nuclear waste simulants). Our weakly supervised approach has demonstrated to be highly effective in solving a novel RGBD object recognition application which lacks of human annotations.
Indication for Linkage of the Human <i>OB</i> Gene Region With Extreme Obesity (1996)

Obesity is one of the most significant risk factors for hypertension, coronary heart disease, and NIDDM (Frayn KN, Coppack SW: Insulin resistance, adipose tissue and coronary heart disease. Clin Sci 82:1-8, 1992; Kaplan NM: The deadly quartet: upper-body obesity, glucose intolerance, hypertriglyceridemia, and hypertension. Arch Intern Med 149:1514-1520, 1989). While family segregation, adoption, and twin studies have indicated that degree of adiposity has a significant genetic component (Stunkard AJ, Harris JR, Pedersen NL, McClearn GE: The body-mass index of twins who have been reared apart. N Engl J Med 322:1483-1487, 1990; Bouchard C, Despres J-P, Mauriege P: Genetic and nongenetic determinants of regional fat distribution. Endocr Rev 14:72-93, 1993), the genes and predisposing mutations remain poorly understood. This is in contrast to several well-defined genetic models for obesity in rodents, particularly the mouse obese (ob) gene, in which loss-of-function mutations cause severe obesity. Recent studies have demonstrated a substantial reduction in body fat when recombinant ob protein (leptin) is administered to mice. To test the relevance of these observations to human obesity, the location of the human homologue (OB) was established by radiation hybrid mapping and eight microsatellite markers spanning the OB gene region (7q3l.3) were genotyped in 101 obese French families. Affected-sib-pair analyses for extreme obesity, defined by BMI >35 kg/m2, revealed suggestive evidence for linkage to three markers located within 2 cM of the OB gene (D7S514, D7S680, and D7S530). The OB gene is therefore a candidate for genetic predisposition to extreme obesity in a subset of these families.
Effect of Wordline/Bitline Scaling on the Performance, Energy Consumption, and Reliability of Cross-Point Memory Array (2013)

The impact of wordline/bitline metal wire scaling on the write/read performance, energy consumption, speed, and reliability of the cross-point memory array is quantitatively studied for technology nodes down to single-digit nm. The impending resistivity increase in the Cu wires is found to cause significant decrease of both write and read window margins at the regime when electron surface scattering and grain boundary scattering are substantial. At deeply-scaled device dimensions, the wire energy dissipation and wire latency become comparable to or even exceed the intrinsic values of memory cells. The large current density flowing through the wordlines/bitlines raises additional reliability concerns for the cross-point memory array. All these issues are exacerbated at smaller memory resistance values and larger memory array sizes. They thereby impose strict constraints on the memory device design and preclude the realization of large-scale cross-point memory array with minimum feature sizes beyond the 10 nm node. A rethink in the design methodology of cross-point memory to incorporate and mitigate the scaling effects of wordline/bitline is necessary. Possible solutions include the use of memory wires with better conductivity and scalability, memory arrays with smaller partition sizes, and memory elements with larger resistance values and resistance ratios.
Visualization and Characterization of the Infrared Active Amide I Vibrations of Proteins (2006)

To facilitate the analysis of frequency-structure correlations in the amide I vibrational spectroscopy of proteins, we investigate visualization methods and spatial correlation functions that describe delocalized vibrations of proteins and protein secondary structures. To study those vibrational modes revealed in infrared spectroscopy, we characterize frequency-dependent bright states obtained from doorway mode analysis. Our visualization methods pictorially color code amplitude and phase of each oscillator within the structure to reveal spatially varying patterns characteristic of excitations within sheets and helices. Spatial correlation functions in the amplitude and phase of amide I oscillators quantitatively address the extent of delocalization and the alpha helical and beta sheet character of these modes. Specifically, we investigate the vibrations of idealized antiparallel beta sheets and alpha helices and perform case studies on three proteins: concanavalin A, myoglobin, and ubiquitin.
A Convenient and Efficient Palladium-Catalyzed System for Cross-Coupling of Aryl Bromides with Active Methylene Compounds (2003)

A simply catalytic system containing palladium-phosphine complex, generated in situ from PdCl2/tert-phosphino ligand in pyridine, has been systematically studied in the cross-coupling of bromobenzene with malononitrile or ethyl cyanoacetate anion. The effect of molar ratio of phosphine ligand to PdCl2 on the activity of the coupling was also discussed. It is found that the catalytic system has highly catalytic activity to produce aryl malononitriles and cyanoacetates in considerable yields (67-90%) when the substituted aryl bromides were used as substrates.
Morphological study of spherical MgCl<sub>2</sub>.nEtOH supported TiCl<sub>4</sub> Ziegler‐Natta catalyst for polymerization of ethylene (2006)

Abstract Spherical MgCl 2 ·nEtOH was prepared by adducting ethanol to MgCl 2 using melt quenching method. Effect of molar ratio of [EtOH]/[MgCl 2 ] = 2.8–3.05 on the morphology and particle size of the MgCl 2 ·nEtOH were studied. The best adduct of spherical morphology was obtained when 2.9 mol ethanol to 1 mol MgCl 2 was used. An emulsion of dissolved MgCl 2 in ethanol was prepared in a reactor containing silicon oil. Stirrer speed of the emulsion and its transfer rate to quenching section that work at −10 to −40°C are affected by the particle size of the adduct particle. The adducted ethanol was partially removed with controlled heat primary to catalyst preparation (support). Treatment of the support with excess TiCl 4 increased its surface area from 13.1 to 184.4 m 2 /g. Heterogeneous Ziegler‐Natta catalyst system of MgCl 2 (spherical)/TiCl 4 was prepared using the spherical support. Scanning electron microscopy studies of adduct, support, and catalyst obtained shown spherical particles, however, the polyethylene particles obtained have no regular morphology. The behavior indicates harsh conditions used for catalyst preparation, prepolymerization, and polymerization method used. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 101: 3829–3834, 2006
Long-Term Performance of High-Volume Fly Ash Concrete Pavements (2003)

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Discriminative Latent Semantic Regression for Cross-Modal Hashing of Multimedia Retrieval (2018)

Due to large heterogeneity gaps between image, text, and video, finding content similarities of multimedia data is a challenging problem yet to be resolved. In this paper, we propose to integrate high-level feature extractions and learning of the common data representations based on latent semantic regression for hashing multimedia data in a unified optimization framework. We show that the proposed latent semantic regression approach results in a discriminative solution maximizing the inter-modal correlation while preserving the intra-modal similarity of high-level features. In this way, the heterogeneous data are embedded into their common label space more effectively. The embedded feature representations have a natural interpretation as being proportional to the probabilities of classes that each sample belongs to. The training time complexity of the proposed learning scheme is linear with the data size, i.e., O(N) and its experimental results on popular multimodal datasets of Wiki and NUS-WIDE can significantly improve cross-modal hashing by up to 28% in term of the mean average precision (mAP) value.
A current-mode buck DC-DC controller with adaptive on-time control (2009)

A current-mode buck DC-DC controller based on adaptive on-time (AOT) control is presented. The on-time is obtained by the techniques of input feedforward and output feedback, and the adaptive control is achieved by a sample-hold and time-ahead circuit. The AOT current-mode control scheme not only obtains excellent transient response speed, but also achieves the independence of loop stability on output capacitor ESR. In addition, the AOT current-mode control does not have subharmonic oscillation phenomenon seen in fixed frequency peak current-mode control, so there is no need of the slope compensation circuit. The auto-skip pulse frequency modulation (PFM) mode improves the conversion efficiency of light load effectively. The controller has been fabricated with UMC 0.6-μm BCD process successfully and the detailed experimental results are shown.
The effect of recombinant human intrinsic factor on the uptake of vitamin B12 in patients with evident vitamin B12 deficiency. (2006)

We report on the use of recombinant human intrinsic factor (rhIF) in a new vitamin B12 absorption test. Holotranscobalamin (holoTC) was measured before and 24 hours after intake of three 9-mg doses of vitamin B12 (B12) and again 24 hours after intake of the same dose of B12 together with rhIF (rhIF-B12). Nine patients with evident vitamin B12 deficiency had a significantly higher increase in holoTC after intake of rhIF-B12 than after intake of B12. Twenty-eight patients with suspected vitamin B12 deficiency showed no additional increase in holoTC after intake of rhIF-B12. We conclude that rhIF promotes B12 absorption among patients with evident vitamin B12 deficiency.
Alternative Topologies of Circular Polarization Selective Surfaces Based on Modifications of the Pierrot Cell (2015)

Circular polarization selective surfaces (CPSS) based on two variants of the original Pierrot cell are proposed. For the first variant, which uses a load in the middle segment, it is possible to equalize the frequencies at which the reflection and transmission performance for the two orthogonal circular polarizations is optimal. The second variant is a double Pierrot cell having a twofold rotation symmetry, which leads to an increased bandwidth and less sensitivity to variations in the angle of incidence. Experimental results in good agreement with full wave simulations are presented. The printed circuit board (PCB) fabrication process used with flexible substrates allows more freedom for adjusting the cells in order to improve the performance and the bandwidth of the CPSS.
Elevated Numbers of Tissue-Factor Exposing Microparticles Correlate With Components of the Metabolic Syndrome in Uncomplicated Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (2002)

TF, possibly of granulocytic origin, is exposed on microparticle subpopulations in asymptomatic patients with well-regulated type 2 diabetes. TF-positive microparticles are associated with components of the metabolic syndrome but not with coagulation. Thus, TF on microparticles may be involved in processes other than coagulation, including transcellular signaling or angiogenesis.
Virtual machine security (2017)

In the present article we have described the security of the virtual machine (VM). The virtual environment is not fully risk-proof. Various features of the virtual platform originate from the possibilities of threats. We have depicted how those threats affect the deployment of a VM in the cloud computing. Proper techniques to construct a novel defense mechanism for virtualisation have also been discussed. We need to follow some appropriate habits for deploying and using VM. In this article, those prescribed practices have also been elucidated.
Detecting Out-of-Distribution Inputs to Deep Generative Models Using Typicality (2019)

Recent work has shown that deep generative models can assign higher likelihood to out-of-distribution data sets than to their training data (Nalisnick et al., 2019; Choi et al., 2019). We posit that this phenomenon is caused by a mismatch between the model's typical set and its areas of high probability density. In-distribution inputs should reside in the former but not necessarily in the latter, as previous work has presumed. To determine whether or not inputs reside in the typical set, we propose a statistically principled, easy-to-implement test using the empirical distribution of model likelihoods. The test is model agnostic and widely applicable, only requiring that the likelihood can be computed or closely approximated. We report experiments showing that our procedure can successfully detect the out-of-distribution sets in several of the challenging cases reported by Nalisnick et al. (2019).
TRPM1 mutations are associated with the complete form of congenital stationary night blindness. (2010)

Human TRPM1 mutations are associated with the complete form of CSNB in Japanese patients, suggesting that TRPM1 plays an essential role in mediating the photoresponse in ON BCs in humans as well as in mice.
Catalytic and Surface‐Electrocatalytic Water Oxidation by Redox Mediator–Catalyst Assemblies (2009)

All-in-one assemblies containing single-site water oxidation catalysts (red and blue) and redox mediators (green and blue) act as stable, robust catalysts toward water oxidation, both in solution and anchored to metal oxide surfaces by phosphonate linkers on the mediator. More than 28 000 turnovers have been achieved with >95 % Faradaic efficiency for oxygen production without reduced catalytic activity.
The evolution of a generalized neural learning rule (2016)

Evolution is extremely creative. The mere availability of a mechanism for synaptic change seems to be enough for evolution to derive a learning rule. Many simulations of evolution have evolved learning in a highly guided manner. Either by constraining the update function to a Hebbian form, or by supplying an error/teaching signal. In this paper, we aim to evolve a more general learning rule. And since neural networks are so versatile, we construct the learning function itself out of a neural network. Our evolved networks excel at the foraging task they evolved in. Amazingly, they even function robustly when tested outside of their historical niche. The same cannot be said for the Hebbian learning networks we compare to.