gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Acceleration of compact torus plasma rings in a coaxial rail-gun (1985)

We discuss here theoretical studies of magnetic acceleration of Compact Torus plasma rings in a coaxial, rail-gun accelerator. The rings are formed using a magnetized coaxial plasma gun and are accelerated by injection of B/sub theta/ flux from an accelerator bank. After acceleration, the rings enter a focusing cone where the ring is decelerated and reduced in radius. As the ring radius decreases, the ring magnetic energy increases until it equals the entering kinetic energy and the ring stagnates. Scaling laws and numerical calculations of acceleration using a O-D numerical code are presented. 2-D, MHD simulations are shown which demonstrate ring formation, acceleration, and focusing. Finally, 3-D calculations are discussed which determine the ideal MHD stability of the accelerated ring.
Antioxidative Effect of Maillard Reaction Products Added to Turkey Meat During Heating by Addition of Honey (2002)

ABSTRACT: Antioxidative effect of honey‐lysine Maillard reaction products (MRPs) was verified in a linoleic acid emulsion and a separate study was conducted comparing the antioxidative effects of direct honey addition to addition of preformed MRPs to meat. Antioxidative effects were measured using the TBA analysis and hexanal content in turkey. Antioxidative effects increased with increasing levels of MRP or honey addition to meat. Addition of honey to meat had a greater antioxidative effect than adding synthesized MRP to turkey. It is possible that meat with honey added had a greater antioxidative effect compared to MRP addition due to a better dispersion or solubility of the MRP formed in meat during heating.
Effect of an Immersive Preoperative Virtual Reality Experience on Patient Reported Outcomes (2016)

In a randomized controlled trial, we demonstrated that patients exposed to preoperative VR had increased satisfaction during the surgical encounter. Harnessing the power of this technology, hospitals can create an immersive environment that minimizes stress, and enhances the perioperative experience.
Efficient Photocatalysts for CO<sub>2</sub> Reduction (2015)

Three types of photocatalytic systems for CO2 reduction, which were recently developed in our group, are reviewed. First, two-component systems containing different rhenium(I) complexes having different roles; i.e., redox photosensitizer and catalyst in the reaction solution are described. The mixed system of a ring-shaped rhenium(I) trinuclear complex and fac-[Re(bpy)(CO)3(MeCN)](+) is currently the most efficient photocatalytic system for CO2 reduction (ΦCO = 0.82 at λex = 436 nm). The second is a series of supramolecular photocatalysts, which have units with different functions in one molecule, i.e., redox photosensitizer, catalyst, and bridging ligand. The highest durability and speed of photocatalysis were achieved by using this system (ΦCO = 0.45, TONCO = 3029, and TOFCO = 35.7 min(-1)). The third is a novel type of artificial Z-Scheme photocatalyst for CO2 reduction, of which photocatalysis is revealed by stepwise excitation of both a semiconductor photocatalyst unit and the supramolecular photocatalyst unit. This system has both strong oxidation and reduction powers.
Markos Zafiropoulos, Lacan et les sciences sociales. Le déclin du père (1938-1953) (2002)

La littérature psychanalytique laisse l’impression de ne cesser d’accumuler lectures et relectures. La clinique même est lecture d’un inconscient confrontée à la relecture des textes classiques qui en donneraient la clé. Sans doute la psychanalyse est-elle sortie complète de la tête de Freud. Dans son dernier ouvrage, Markos Zafiropoulos, sociologue et psychanalyste, constate et déplore l’autoréférentialité du champ analytique plus qu’il ne l’explique : il ne poursuit pas sur cette piste que ...
Conductance oscillations of a Si single electron transistor at room temperature (2002)

The single electron transistor (SET) is a key element in single electronics where device operation is based on one-by-one electron manipulation utilizing the Coulomb blockade effect. However, SET operation has so far been limited to below 4 K because even the smallest capacitance C of the SET has been about 100 aF. This means the requirement of charging energy e/sup 2/(2C) being much larger than the thermal energy could only be met at very low temperatures. We report here a Si-SET whose capacitance is only about 2 aF. Owing to this small capacitance, the Si-SET shows conductance oscillation even at room temperature.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Rapid<i>in vivo</i>screening system for anti-oxidant activity using bacterial redox sensor strains (2009)

The demand for anti-oxidant and anti-ageing activities is increasing in one of the fastest growing segments of the functional food market, but the screening for these activities is currently very laborious, expensive and time consuming. This study suggests a basis for a high throughput screening method for these activities.
R-Parameterization Of Linear Feedback Systems (1991)

Classification of all compensators stabilizing given plant in linear, time-invariant, multiple-input/multiple-output feedback system developed. Necessary and sufficient conditions for stability examined via Q and R. Classification made according to stability conditions of compensators and plant by themselves, while necessary and sufficient conditions based on stabilities of Q and R by themselves.
Prediction of soil available water-holding capacity from visible near-infrared reflectance spectra (2019)

Sustainable land management requires reliable information about soil hydraulic properties. Among these properties, available water-holding capacity (AWC) is a key attribute, as it quantifies the amount of water available for plants that the soil can hold. Since direct measurements of AWC are costly, pedotransfer functions (PTF) are often used to estimate AWC, leveraging statistical relationships with properties that are easier to measure, such as texture, bulk density, and organic carbon content. This study evaluates visible near-infrared spectroscopy (vis-NIR) as an alternative approach to predict volumetric water content at field capacity (FC) and permanent wilting point (PWP) - AWC being the difference between PWP and FC. A suite of 970 vis-NIR soil spectra, recorded from air-dried, 2-mm, sieved soil samples, were associated with FC and PWP analytical data obtained from New Zealand's National Soils Database. Partial least squares (PLS) regression and support vector machines on PLS latent variables (PLS-SVM) were used for spectroscopic modelling. With root mean squared errors below 7% and 5% for FC and PWP, respectively, our results indicate that vis-NIR spectroscopy can be used to quantitatively predict volumetric water content at FC and PWP.
Microstructural changes in Mo steels during sintering and effect on electrical conductivity (2002)

An electrical conductivity measurement method was used for studying the sintering mechanism and microstructural changes of low alloyed PM Mo steels in a temperature range between 600-1300°C. The influences of alloying method (elemental or prealloyed), Mo content (1·5 and 3·5 wt-%), and sintering temperature were investigated. The results show that the effects of, for example, formation of Mo carbide(s), ferrite-austenite phase transformation, as well as liquid phase formation during heating of the steel compacts can be detected by the technique cited. Mo dissolution during sintering of compacts from mixed powders results in a decrease of the conductivity with increasing sintering temperature while compacts from Fe-Mo prealloyed powders exhibit the standard behaviour of higher conductivity after sintering at higher temperature. Moreover, the relationship between Mo dissolution, formation of sintered contacts, and mechanical properties was demonstrated to assess the viability of the conductivity measurement method for studying the sintering behaviour of PM materials and its influence on physical and mechanical properties. An approach was also demonstrated for relating the conductivity to the microstructural parameters, e.g. total porosity and contiguity between solid phase, that would be useful for predicting relative changes in mechanical properties dependent on porosity and pore morphology.
Polarised light sheet tomography (2016)

The various benefits of light sheet microscopy have made it a widely used modality for capturing three-dimensional images. It is mostly used for fluorescence imaging, but recently another technique called light sheet tomography solely relying on scattering was presented. The method was successfully applied to imaging of plant roots in transparent soil, but is limited when it comes to more turbid samples. This study presents a polarised light sheet tomography system and its advantages when imaging in highly scattering turbid media. The experimental configuration is guided by Monte Carlo radiation transfer methods, which model the propagation of a polarised light sheet in the sample. Images of both reflecting and absorbing phantoms in a complex collagenous matrix were acquired, and the results for different polarisation configurations are compared. Focus scanning methods were then used to reduce noise and produce three-dimensional reconstructions of absorbing targets.
Nuclear transplantation of somatic cells of transgenic red carp (Cyprinus carpio haematopterus). (2002)

Nuclear transplantation was performed using kidney cells, tail fin cells and cultured tail fin cells of 18th passage of the F4 hGH gene transferred red carp (Cyprinus carpio haematopterus) as donors and the eggs of loach (Misgurnus anguillicaudatus) of Huanghe carp (Cyprinus carpio haematopterus) as recipients. Using loach unfertilized eggs as recipients 0.33% of reconstructed embryos developed in to neural plate from kidney cells, and 0.1% of reconstructed embryos developed in to muscular reaction stage from tail fin cells of F4hGH gene transferred red carp. A tatal of 0.4% reconstructed embryos from cultured tail fin cells of 18th passage and unfertilized eggs of Huanghe carp developed in to myotome stage. All the nuclear transfer embryos were positive for hGH gene by PCR analysis. The results suggest that exogenous hGH gene is stable in the F4hGH gene transferred red carp, hGH gene exists in all the cells of the F4 transgenic red carp. Somatic cell nuclear transfer is an effective pathway for producing homogenous transgenic fish, but with low efficiency. The reasons of low efficiency of somatic nuclear transplantation may be incompatibility of nuclear and ooplasm, incongruity of cell cycle, aberrance of chromosomes, etc.
An electrochemical model-based particle filter approach for Lithium-ion battery estimation (2012)

Lithium-ion batteries are currently amongst the leading technologies for electrical energy storage. In automotive industry they are recognized as the most promising alternative to gasoline powered engines. State estimation of the state of the battery can provide useful information regarding the state of charge (SOC) and state of health (SOH) of the battery which play a crucial role in optimal and safe utilization of the battery. Although the electrochemical dynamics of the battery are described by nonlinear system of PDAEs, most works in the area of condition monitoring of the battery resort to empirical or equivalent electrical circuit models. These models don't provide any physical insight into the battery and lack insight into physical limitations of the battery. This work presents a particle filter algorithm for state estimation and condition monitoring of the Li-ion battery. This filter can effectively deal with the nonlinear and complex nature of the PDAEs describing the dynamics of the battery. It provides accurate estimation of the average as well as spatial distribution of concentration in the battery. The simulation results demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed estimation algorithm.
The <i>ftsH</i> gene of <i>Bacillus subtilis</i> is involved in major cellular processes such as sporulation, stress adaptation and secretion (1997)

The ftsH gene of Bacillus subtilis has been identified as a general stress gene which is transiently induced after thermal or osmotic upshift. The FtsH protein exhibits 70.1% homology to FtsH of Escherichia coli which constitutes an essential ATP- and Zn(2+)-dependent protease anchored in the cytoplasmic membrane via two N-terminal transmembrane domains. This paper describes the isolation and functional characterization of an ftsH null mutant which was obtained by integration of a cat-cassette near the 5' end of ftsH, thereby preventing the synthesis of FtsH protein. In contrast to the situation in E. coli, ftsH is dispensable in B. subtilis but results in a pleiotropic phenotype. While the mutant cells grew mostly as large filaments under physiological conditions, they turned out to be extremely sensitive to heat and salt stress. Although ftsH is necessary for adaptation to heat, it is not involved in the regulation of the heat-shock response. The induction profiles of representative genes of the CIRCE and sigma-B regulon and class III heat-shock genes ion and clpC were identical in the wild type and the ftsH null mutant. Furthermore, the ftsH knockout strain was unable to sporulate, and this failure was probably due to the absence of Spo0A protein which is essential for entry into the sporulation programme. In addition, secretion of bulk exoproteins was severely impaired in the ftsH null mutant after entry into stationary phase. The alpha-amylase and subtilisin activity in the supernatant was specifically tested. Whereas the activity of alpha-amylase increased after entry into stationary phase in both the wild type and the ftsH mutant strain, that of subtilisin encoded by aprE was prevented at the level of transcription in the mutant. Most of these results can be explained by the failure to synthesize appropriate amounts of Spo0A protein in the ftsH null mutant and point to ftsH as a developmental checkpoint.
Dynamic Fracture in Brittle Solids at High Rates of Loading (2003)

This paper presents a dynamic damage model for predicting fracture and fragmentation of brittle materials subjected to loads with high loading rates. This model is based on the mechanics of microcrack nucleation, growth, and coalescence to formulate the evolution of damage. The damage in the model is assumed to be isotropic and is a function of time and applied stress. The model provides a direct, explicit, and quantitative method to determine the rate-dependent fracture stress and fragment size generated by crack coalescence in the dynamic fragmentation process. It considers the experimental facts that a brittle material does not fail if the applied stress is lower than its static strength and certain time duration is needed for fracture to take place when it is subjected to a stress higher than its static strength. Comparisons between theoretical predictions and test data are made and shown to be in good agreement.
Macrophage Involvement in the Antitumor Activity of A Synthetic Acyltripeptide (Fk-565) Against Experimental Lung Carcinoma Metastases (1986)

Resident peritoneal macrophages can be activated to develop cytotoxicity against P815 mastocytoma target cells following incubation in vitro with either D-lactoyl-L-alanyl-gamma-D-glutamyl-(L)-meso-diaminopimelyl-(L)-gl ycine (FK-156), heptanoyl-gamma-D-glutamyl-(L)-meso-diaminopimelyl-(D)-alani ne (FK-565), or bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS) at a minimum concentration of 10 micrograms/ml. Subthreshold levels of hybridoma-derived macrophage activating factor (MAF) markedly potentiated this activity. In an experimental metastasis model, subcutaneous or intraperitoneal treatment with FK-565 (1 to 10 mg/kg) markedly inhibited lung metastasis formation when administered 2-4 days prior to i.v. tumor inoculation. Moreover, this protective activity could be abrogated by the selective macrophage inhibitor, 2-chloroadenosine, suggesting that activated macrophage were responsible for the antimetastatic activity of FK-565.
High-performance implant-free InGaAs MOSFETs on GaAs substrate grown by MOCVD (2010)

High-performance implant-free In <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">0.53</sub> Ga <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">0.47</sub> As-channel MOSFETs grown on GaAs substrates by Metalorganic Chemical Vapor Deposition (MOCVD) are demonstrated. Atomic-layer-deposited (ALD) Al <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> O <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3</sub> was used as gate dielectric on top of a δ-doped In <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">0.53</sub> Ga <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">0.47</sub> As/In <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">0.51</sub> Al <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">0.49</sub> As metamorphic heterojunction structures grown on GaAs substrates. A 1-μm gate-length MOSFET with 15nm Al <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> O <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3</sub> shows a maximum drain current of 590 mA/mm and peak Gm of 501 mS/mm. To the best of our knowledge, these are the highest reported values to date for III-V MOSFETs on GaAs substrates. The maximum gate leakage is 7.2nA/mm at the forward gate bias of 4V and the on resistance is 1491 Ω·μm.
The Impact of Self-Heating on Charge Trapping in High-<inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$k$ </tex-math></inline-formula>-Metal-Gate nFETs (2015)

In this letter, charge trapping behavior in 22-nm technology high-k -metal-gate SOI CMOS logic devices is analyzed under various bias stress and self-heating conditions. It is observed that the charge trapping is not only dependent on the channel power density during stress, which is controlled by drain bias and device channel length, but is also strongly modulated by the device channel width. Thus, identical power densities in devices with different channel widths result in significantly different charge trapping behaviors. It is shown that device self-heating is strongly influenced by the device channel width and that the channel temperature during the charge injection process significantly impacts the magnitude and stability of the trapped charge. We discuss the implications of the findings for the application of high-k -metal-gate logic devices as embedded memory elements for non-volatile data storage in high-k -metal-gate CMOS technologies without added process complexity.
Analysis of Coulomb and Johnsen-Rahbek electrostatic chuck performance for extreme ultraviolet lithography (2007)

The successful implementation of extreme ultraviolet lithography (EUVL) requires the use of an electrostatic chuck to both support and flatten the mask during scanning exposure. The EUVL Mask and Chucking Standards, SEMI P37 and P40, specify the nonflatness of the mask frontside and backside, as well as the chucking surface, to be on the order of 50 nm peak-to-valley. Thus, characterizing and predicting the capability of the electrostatic chuck to reduce mask nonflatness to meet this specification are critical issues. Details describing the performance of the Coulomb electrostatic chuck have been presented in earlier publications. In this paper, the governing equation identifying the force-gap relationship for a Johnsen-Rahbek (J-R) chuck is described and compared to the Coulomb response. Using finite element techniques, numerical models of Coulomb and J-R electrostatic chucks have been constructed and evaluated for their clamping performance. The models include the effects of reticle and chuck nonflatness, surface friction, and the finite stiffness of the chuck. Modeling predictions are presented for the two types of chucks. The simulations indicate that using a reticle and chuck (Coulomb or J-R style) that meet the SEMI standards for flatness can result in a clamped reticle flatness of less than 100 nm. However, there may be a need to increase the chuck stiffness specified in SEMI P40. These results, which provide the first comprehensive comparison of Coulomb and J-R chucks, are currently being used to establish specifications for chuck geometry and to identify the range of flatness variations that can be accommodated with electrostatic chucking.
Apolipoprotein A-IV Serum Concentrations Are Elevated in Patients with Mild and Moderate Renal Failure (2002)

Cell culture studies and investigations in mice that overexpress either human or mouse apolipoprotein A-IV (apoA-IV) revealed anti-atherogenic properties of apoA-IV. An association between low apoA-IV concentrations and coronary artery disease in humans was demonstrated; therefore, apoA-IV may also play an antiatherogenic role in humans. Because apoA-IV is markedly elevated in dialysis patients, patients with the earliest and modest stages of renal impairment were studied to assess the association of apoA-IV with GFR and atherosclerotic complications. GFR was measured by the use of iohexol in 227 non-nephrotic patients with different degrees of renal impairment. ApoA-IV increased significantly with decreasing GFR and was already elevated in earliest stages of renal disease (GFR > 90 ml/min per 1.73 m2). Multiple linear regression analysis identified renal function parameters (GFR, creatinine, and urea) as the most important determinants of apoA-IV levels in serum of these patients. Twenty-six patients had already experienced 36 atherosclerotic events. Logistic regression analysis identified three variables associated with atherosclerotic complications: age, apoA-IV, and gender. Each 1 mg/dl increase of apoA-IV decreased the odds ratio for an atherosclerotic complication by 8% (P = 0.011). The data clearly show that the anti-atherogenic apoA-IV starts to increase during the earliest phases of renal insufficiency, which makes apoA-IV an early marker of renal impairment.
Room Temperature Semiconductor–Metal Transition of MoTe<sub>2</sub> Thin Films Engineered by Strain (2015)

We demonstrate a room temperature semiconductor-metal transition in thin film MoTe2 engineered by strain. Reduction of the 2H-1T' phase transition temperature of MoTe2 to room temperature was realized by introducing a tensile strain of 0.2%. The observed first-order SM transition improved conductance ∼10 000 times and was made possible by an unusually large temperature-stress coefficient, which results from a large volume change and small latent heat. The demonstrated strain-modulation of the phase transition temperature is expected to be compatible with other TMDs enabling the 2D electronics utilizing polymorphism of TMDs along with the established materials.