gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Evoking Excellence with Special Undergraduate Programmes. : A German-Dutch Comparison. (2011)

In M.V.C. Wolfensberger, L. Drayer, & J.J.M. Volker (Eds.), Pursuit of Excellence in a networked society. Theoretical and Practical Approaches (pp 225-233). Munster: Waxmann.
Competition Between Local and Electronic Markets: How the Benefit of Buying Online Depends on Where You Live (2008)

Our paper shows that the parameters in existing theoretical models of channel substitution such as offline transportation cost, online disutility cost, and the prices of online and offline retailers interact to determine consumer choice of channels. In this way, our results provide empirical support for many such models. In particular, we empirically examine the trade-off between the benefits of buying online and the benefits of buying in a local retail store. How does a consumer's physical location shape the relative benefits of buying from the online world? We explore this problem using data from Amazon.com on the top-selling books for 1,497 unique locations in the United States for 10 months ending in January 2006. We show that when a store opens locally, people substitute away from online purchasing, even controlling for product-specific preferences by location. These estimates are economically large, suggesting that the disutility costs of purchasing online are substantial and that offline transportation costs matter. We also show that offline entry decreases consumers' sensitivity to online price discounts. However, we find no consistent evidence that the breadth of the product line at a local retail store affects purchases.
Bioactive antinutritional peptides derived from cereal prolamins: A Review (1999)

Alcohol-soluble endosperm proteins (prolamins) from some cereals (e.g. wheat, barley, and rye) give origin upon proteolytic digestion to biologically-active antinutritional peptides able to adversely affect in vivo the intestinal mucosa of coeliac patients, whereas prolamins from other cereals (e.g. maize and rice) do not. These antinutritional peptides are also able to: (a) prevent in vitro recovery of atrophic coeliac mucosa; (b) to inhibit differentiation of isolated rat fetal and chick fetal intestines; and (c) to interact with undifferentiated cells either agglutinating them or affecting their proliferation and metabolism. Studies performed with A-gliadin, a highly purified bread wheat prolamin fraction, and its fragments obtained either by chemical cleavage of A-gliadin or by synthesis from aminoacids, clearly pointed out to a few small sequences very rich in glutamine and proline residues as the biologically-active agents. Several protective substances, including mannan and N,N',N"-triacetylchitotriose, have been identified as being able to prevent the effects of these peptides in vitro, but the evidence of their in vivo activity is still missing. The present paper provides a synthetic overview of the available data concerning this highly complex matter and offers a critical appraisal of present hypotheses on the action mechanism of biologically-active peptides derived from cereal prolamins.
Production of Monoclonal Antibodies Specific for <i>Haemophilus ducreyi</i> : A Screening Method to Discriminate Specific and Cross-Reacting Antibodies (1989)

Haemophilus ducreyi is the etiological agent of chancroid. The organism shares extensive immunological cross-reactivity with other Haemophilus species. This presents substantial difficulties for the production of specific monoclonal antibodies (MAbs). A competition ELISA was devised for hybridoma screening which allowed the detection of H. ducreyi-specific antibody-producing hybridoma cultures during the initial screening process. With this screening method, seven MAbs specific for H. ducreyi were obtained in a single cell fusion exercise. The specificities of the 7 MAbs were demonstrated by direct ELISA and dot immunobinding assays against several strains each of H. influenzae, H. parainfluenzae and Neisseria gonorrhoeae. Five of the MAbs reacted against all ten strains of H. ducreyi. These MAbs may permit the development of rapid and efficient immunodiagnostics for chancroid. The principle of the competition ELISA for hybridoma screening should be widely applicable to the development of specific MAbs to other organisms in which immunological cross-reactivity is an impediment to hybridoma screening by conventional methods.
The Acetate/ACSS2 Switch Regulates HIF-2 Stress Signaling in the Tumor Cell Microenvironment (2015)

Optimal stress signaling by Hypoxia Inducible Factor 2 (HIF-2) during low oxygen states or hypoxia requires coupled actions of a specific coactivator/lysine acetyltransferase, Creb binding protein (CBP), and a specific deacetylase, Sirtuin 1 (SIRT1). We recently reported that acetylation of HIF-2 by CBP also requires a specific acetyl CoA generator, acetate-dependent acetyl CoA synthetase 2 (ACSS2). In this study, we demonstrate that ACSS2/HIF-2 signaling is active not only during hypoxia, but also during glucose deprivation. Acetate levels increase during stress and coincide with maximal HIF-2α acetylation and CBP/HIF-2α complex formation. Exogenous acetate induces HIF-2α acetylation, CBP/HIF-2α complex formation, and HIF-2 signaling. ACSS2 and HIF-2 are required for maximal colony formation, proliferation, migration, and invasion during stress. Acetate also stimulates flank tumor growth and metastasis in mice in an ACSS2 and HIF-2 dependent manner. Thus, ACSS2/CBP/SIRT1/HIF-2 signaling links nutrient sensing and stress signaling with cancer growth and progression in mammals.
A Concise Route to Structurally Diverse DMP 323 Analogues via Highly Functionalized 1,4-Diamines (2002)

[reaction: see text] The utility of functionalized 1,4-diamines, produced via a temporary phosphorus tether (P-tether)/ring-closing metathesis (RCM)/hydrolysis sequence, is demonstrated in the synthesis of structurally diverse DMP 323 analogues. These 1,4-diamines are transformed into various seven-membered heterocycles via insertion of the appropriate nuclei "X". Subsequent derivatization generates heterocyclic diols that are similar in structure to DMP 323, a notable member of a class of highly potent inhibitors of HIV protease.
Possible Evidence of Contamination by Catechins in Deconjugation Enzymes from<i>Helix pomatia</i>and<i>Abalone entrails</i> (2011)

β-Glucuronidase and sulfatase are the major deconjugating enzymes used in the cleavage of the glucuronate and sulfate moieties, respectively, from certain conjugated food factors including polyphenols. In the present study, we found that compounds having the same molecular weights as catechins were present in Helix pomatia- and/or Abalone entrails-derived β-glucuronidase and sulfatase by liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) with multiple reaction monitoring methods. On the other hand, the same molecular weights as catechins were undetectable in Escherichia coli-derived β-glucuronidase and Aerobacter aerogenes-derived sulfatase. By high performance liquid chromatography, enzyme-derived catechins were not detected because of approximately 1,000-fold lower sensitivity as compared to LC-MS/MS. These results suggest that the catechins in these enzymes might be attributed to the diets of the organisms as the enzyme sources.
Heme activates the heme oxygenase-1 gene in renal epithelial cells by stabilizing Nrf2 (2003)

The mechanism of heme oxygenase-1 gene (ho-1) activation by heme in immortalized rat proximal tubular epithelial cells was examined. Analysis of the ho-1 promoter identified the heme-responsive sequences as the stress-response element (StRE), multiple copies of which are present in two enhancer regions, E1 and E2. Electrophoretic mobility shift assays identified Nrf2, MafG, ATF3, and Jun and Fos family members as StRE-binding proteins; binding of Nrf2, MafG, and ATF3 was increased in response to heme. Dominant-negative mutants of Nrf2 and Maf, but not of c-Fos and c-Jun, inhibited basal and heme-induced expression of an E1-controlled luciferase gene. Heme did not affect the transcription activity of Nrf2, dimerization between Nrf2 and MafG, or the level of MafG, but did stimulate expression of Nrf2. Heme did not influence the level of Nrf2 mRNA but increased the half-life of Nrf2 protein from approximately 10 min to nearly 110 min. These results indicate that heme promotes stabilization of Nrf2, leading to accumulation of Nrf2. MafG dimers that bind to StREs to activate the ho-1 gene.
Lettuce and Chicory Byproducts as a Source of Antioxidant Phenolic Extracts (2004)

A process to obtain enriched antioxidant phenolic extracts from lettuce (baby, romaine, and iceberg cultivars) and chichory byproducts as a way to valorize these byproducts was developed. Two extraction protocols using water and methanol as solvent were used. Amberlite XAD-2 nonionic polymeric resin was used to purify the extracts. The extraction yield, phenolic content, and phenolic yield were evaluated as well as the antioxidant capacity of the extracts (DPPH, ABTS, and FRAP assays). Baby and romaine lettuce byproducts showed the highest water extract yields [27 and 26 g of freeze-dried extracts/kg of byproduct fresh weight (fw), respectively], whereas baby and iceberg lettuce showed highest methanol extract yields (31 and 23 g of freeze-dried extracts/kg of byproduct fw, respectively). Methanol extraction yielded a raw extract with a high phenolic content, the baby and chicory extracts being the richest with approximately 50 mg of phenolics/g of freeze-dried extract. Regarding the purified extracts, water extraction yielded a higher phenolic content, baby and chicory being also the highest with mean values of approximately 190 and 300 mg of phenolics/g of freeze-dried extract, respectively. Both raw and purified extracts from baby and chicory showed the higher antioxidant contents (DPPH, ABTS, and FRAP assays). The antioxidant capacity was linearly correlated with the phenolic content. The results obtained indicate that lettuce byproducts could be, from the industrial point of view, an interesting and cheap source of antioxidant phenolic extracts to funcionalize foodstuffs.
Efficient Access to Chiral Benzhydrols via Asymmetric Transfer Hydrogenation of Unsymmetrical Benzophenones with Bifunctional Oxo-Tethered Ruthenium Catalysts (2016)

A concise asymmetric transfer hydrogenation of diaryl ketones, promoted by bifunctional Ru complexes with an etherial linkage between 1,2-diphenylethylenediamine (DPEN) and η(6)-arene ligands, was successfully developed. Because of the effective discrimination of substituents at the ortho position on the aryl group, unsymmetrical benzophenones were smoothly reduced in a 5:2 mixture of formic acid and triethylamine with an unprecedented level of excellent enantioselectivity. For the non-ortho-substituted benzophenones, the oxo-tethered catalyst electronically discerned biased substrates, resulting in attractive performance yielding chiral diarylmethanols with >99% ee.
Defects in neurofibromatosis 2 protein function can arise at multiple levels (1998)

Neurofibromatosis 2 (NF2) is an inherited cancer syndrome resulting from mutations in the NF2 tumor suppressor gene. Analysis of NF2 mutations has revealed some general genotype-phenotype correlations. Severe disease has been associated with mutations that produce a premature termination while more mild disease has been associated with missense mutations. Here, we provide experimental proof for these genotype-phenotype correlations by demonstrating that nonsense mutations fail to produce stable merlin protein while missense mutations result in the generation of merlin proteins defective in negative growth regulation. This inability to suppress cell growth may result from defects in the function of merlin at several levels, including failure to form an intramolecular complex. Based on these findings, we propose a model for merlin growth suppression that provides a framework for analyzing NF2 patient mutations and merlin function.
Research on the Vulnerability Predicting Analysis Model for Binary Executables (2016)

In research for detecting vulnerability in binary executables, Fuzzing technology is commonly adopted and is effective for detecting vulnerabilities in binary executable. Because the test cases generation for Fuzzing technology is random, the efficiency of detecting vulnerability is very low. In this paper, we propose a predict analysis model for binary program vulnerability analysis, which is based upon the vulnerable factors that describe the complexity of the test binary executable. In order to improve the efficiency of vulnerability analysis, firstly, we predict the possible vulnerable positions in the binary executable, then we generate test cases to cover these possible vulnerable codes. The vulnerable factors defined in our predicting analysis model are the function Cyclomatic complexity, the function nest level, the loop number and the loop-write-memory instruction in the function. We extract the vulnerable factors of five large real-world binary programs, evaluate our vulnerability predicting analysis model on those five large real-world applications. The experimental results show that our predicting analysis can analyze the possible vulnerable factors which can cause the binary executable to occur exceptions and analyze the relations between the vulnerability of the binary program and the vulnerable factors. With the help of our predicting analysis model for binary program vulnerability analysis, we can generate targeted test cases to cover these possible vulnerabilities in binary executable.
Catalytic mechanism of xylose (glucose) isomerase from Clostridium thermosulfurogenes. Characterization of the structural gene and function of active site histidine. (1990)

The gene coding for thermophilic xylose (glucose) isomerase of Clostridium thermosulfurogenes was isolated and its complete nucleotide sequence was determined. The structural gene (xylA) for xylose isomerase encodes a polypeptide of 439 amino acids with an estimated molecular weight of 50,474. The deduced amino acid sequence of thermophilic C. thermosulfurogenes xylose isomerase displayed higher homology with those of thermolabile xylose isomerases from Bacillus subtilis (70%) and Escherichia coli (50%) than with those of thermostable xylose isomerases from Ampullariella (22%), Arthrobacter (23%), and Streptomyces violaceoniger (24%). Several discrete regions were highly conserved throughout the amino acid sequences of all these enzymes. To identify the histidine residue of the active site and to elucidate its function during enzymatic xylose or glucose isomerization, histidine residues at four different positions in the C. thermosulfurogenes enzyme were individually modified by site-directed mutagenesis. Substitution of His101 by phenylalanine completely abolished enzyme activity whereas substitution of other histidine residues by phenylalanine had no effect on enzyme activity. When His101 was changed to glutamine, glutamic acid, asparagine, or aspartic acid, approximately 10-16% of wild-type enzyme activity was retained by the mutant enzymes. The Gln101 mutant enzyme was resistant to diethylpyrocarbonate inhibition which completely inactivated the wild-type enzyme, indicating that His101 is the only essential histidine residue involved directly in enzyme catalysis. The constant Vmax values of the Gln101, Glu101, Asn101, and Asp101 mutant enzymes over the pH range of 5.0-8.5 indicate that protonation of His101 is responsible for the reduced Vmax values of the wild-type enzyme at pH below 6.5. Deuterium isotope effects by D-[2-2H]glucose on the rate of glucose isomerization indicated that hydrogen transfer and not substrate ring opening is the rate-determining step for both the wild-type and Gln101 mutant enzymes. These results suggest that the enzymatic sugar isomerization does not involve a histidine-catalyzed proton transfer mechanism. Rather, essential histidine functions to stabilize the transition state by hydrogen bonding to the C5 hydroxyl group of the substrate and this enables a metal-catalyzed hydride shift from C2 to C1.
Silencing of the <i>UCHL1</i> gene in human colorectal and ovarian cancers (2006)

Aberrant DNA methylation is associated with many types of human cancers. To identify genes silenced in human colorectal cancers, we performed a microarray analysis for genes whose expression was induced by treatment of HCT116 human colon cancer cells with a demethylating agent, 5-aza-2'-deoxycitidine (5-aza-dC). Seven known genes were identified as being upregulated (> or =8-fold) and expressed at more than twice as high as the average level. Among these was the UCHL1 gene (also known as PGP9.5), which is involved in regulation of cellular ubiquitin levels. A dense CpG island in its promoter region was completely methylated in HCT116 cells, and no mRNA was detected. 5-Aza-dC treatment of HCT116 cells induced dose-dependent demethylation of the CpG island, and restored UCHL1 mRNA and protein expression. UCHL1 silencing was observed in 11 of 12 human colorectal cancer cell lines, and its methylation was detected in 8 of 17 primary colorectal cancers. Further, UCHL1 silencing was observed in 6 of 13 ovarian cancer cell lines, and its methylation was detected in 1 of 17 primary ovarian cancers. These results showed that UCHL1 is inactivated in human colorectal and ovarian cancers by its promoter methylation, and suggest that disturbance of cellular ubiquitin levels is present.
Curcumin suppresses α-melanocyte stimulating hormone-stimulated melanogenesis in B16F10 cells (2010)

The present study was designed to assess the potential inhibitory activity of curcumin on the alpha-melanocyte stimulating hormone (alpha-MSH)-stimulated melanogenesis signal pathway in B16F10 melanoma cells. The molecular mechanism of curcumin-induced inhibitory activity on the alpha-MSH-stimulated melanogenesis signal pathway, including expression of melanogenesis-related proteins and activation of melanogenesis-regulating proteins, was examined in B16F10 cells. Curcumin suppressed the cellular melanin contents and the tyrosinase activity in alpha-MSH-stimulated B16F10 cells. In addition, the expression of melanogenesis-related proteins such as microphthalmia-associated transcription factor (MITF), tyrosinase, and tyrosinase-related protein 1 and 2 was suppressed by curcumin in the alpha-MSH-stimulated B16F10 cells. Notably, a melanogenesis-regulating signal such as mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase (MEK)/extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) or phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K)/Akt was activated by curcumin in the B16F10 cells treated with or without alpha-MSH. The suppressive activity of curcumin on alpha-MSH-induced melanogenesis was down-regulated by PD98059 and by LY294002. Our results suggest that the suppressive activity of curcumin on alpha-MSH-stimulated melanogenesis may involve the down-regulation of MITF and its downstream signal pathway through the activation of MEK/ERK or PI3K/Akt.
A H.264/AVC video database for the evaluation of quality metrics (2010)

This paper describes a publicly available database of subjective scores, relative to quality assessment of 156 video streams encoded with H.264/AVC and corrupted by simulating packet losses over an error-prone network. The data has been collected in controlled test environments at the premises of two academic institutions. A detailed statistical analysis of subjective results has been performed, showing high consistency of the collected scores. In addition to subjective scores, we have made available to the research community both the uncompressed files and the H.264/AVC bitstreams of each video sequence, in order to provide a common database of benchmark data to test and compare the performance of full-reference, reduced-reference and no-reference video quality assessment algorithms.
Air Dehydration Membranes for Nonaqueous Lithium–Air Batteries (2010)

Robust, thin-sheet membranes were prepared and tested as an -permeating moisture barrier for the operation of nonaqueous Li–air batteries in ambient air. A membrane sheet was attached onto a carbon air electrode filled with a nonaqueous Li-ion electrolyte solution to supply dry oxygen from ambient air for the electrode reaction and to mitigate potential loss of the solvent from the electrode by evaporation. The membrane was prepared by depositing an -selective coating layer on the exterior surface of a thin porous metal substrate sheet. Silicalite zeolite and poly(tetrafluoroethylene) (PTFE) were used as inorganic and polymeric hydrophobic-type materials, respectively, for the membrane preparation in this work. A thin , dense-phase PTFE film supported on a porous metal sheet provided the best battery performance. This kind of membrane enabled the Li–air batteries with carbon black air electrodes to operate in ambient air [at 20% relative humidity (RH)] for 21 days. The specific capacity of 1022 mAh/g carbon and specific energy of 2792 Wh/kg carbon were obtained for the battery discharged to 2.0 V. The Li–air battery equipped with the selective membrane showed a much better performance in ambient air operation (20% RH) than the reference battery tested in a dry air box (1% RH).
Proton triggered emission and selective sensing of picric acid by the fluorescent aggregates of 6,7-dimethyl-2,3-bis-(2-pyridyl)-quinoxaline (2015)

A heteroatom containing organic fluorophore 6,7-dimethyl-2,3-bis-(2-pyridyl)-quinoxaline (BPQ) is weakly emissive in solution but its emission properties are highly enhanced in the aggregated state due to the restriction of intramolecular rotation (RIR) and large amplitude vibrational modes, demonstrating the phenomenon, aggregation induced emission enhancement (AIEE). It has strong proton capture capability, allowing reversible fluorescence switching in basic and acidic medium and the emission color changes from blue to green in the aggregated state through protonation. It has been explained as a competition between intramolecular charge transfers (ICTs) and the AIEE phenomena at a lower pH range (pH ∼1-4). Such behavior enables it as a fluorescent pH sensor for detection in acidic and basic medium. Morphologies of the particles are characterized using optical and field emission scanning electron microscopic (FESEM) studies. The turn off fluorescence properties of aggregated BPQ have been utilized for the selective detection of picric acid and the fluorescence quenching is explained due to ground state complexation with a strong quenching constant, 7.81 × 10(4) M(-1).
Retention in supercritical fluid chromatography: influence of the partial molar volume of the solute in the stationary phase (1988)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTRetention in supercritical fluid chromatography: influence of the partial molar volume of the solute in the stationary phaseClement R. Yonker and Richard D. SmithCite this: J. Phys. Chem. 1988, 92, 6, 1664–1667Publication Date (Print):March 1, 1988Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 March 1988https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/j100317a054https://doi.org/10.1021/j100317a054research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views92Altmetric-Citations26LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access options Get e-Alerts