gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
P4‐265: Memogain, a pleasant, highly potent and neuroprotective novel drug treatment in Alzheimer's disease (2011)

Present symptomatic AD medications suffer from limited potency as cognition enhancers and from unpleasant side effects. All attempts to develop therapies that inhibit formation of amyloid plaques and neurofibrillary tangles so far failed to show any clinical benefit in the domain of cognition. Memogain, a pro-drug of galantamine, providing supra-bioavailability in the brain, overcomes these limitations by means of much higher cognitive effectiveness, absence of gastro-intestinal side effects, and inhibition of amyloid plaques built-up. Memogain is formulated as an aqueous spray and is administered intranasally. Toxicity and tolerability were probed by a complete GLP toxicity program and by additional studies in animal models. Cognitive effectiveness, in comparison to orally administered galantamine and donepezil, was probed by a cognition paradigm in scopolamine-treated mice. Reduction in number and size of amyloid plaques and enhanced cognitive performance, produced by several months of chronic treatment with Memogain, was studied in an animal model of early onset AD (5xFAD transgenic mice). Bioavailability of Memogain after intranasal administration was > 70%, with a brain-to-blood concentration ratio > 10. Pharmacologically inactive Memogain is cleaved by a brain-endogenous enzyme to galantamine, dramatically increasing the brain levels and corresponding activity of this drug in the target organ. Due to much lower drug levels in the periphery, and rapid metabolism and excretion, Memogain treatment is accompanied by very little toxicity. In particular, there was no indication in all four animal species tested, of significant emetic responses or other gastrointestinal side effects. In the T-maze alternation task, Memogain was up to 5-times more potent than galantamine in compensating scopolamine-induced amnesia. Chronic treatment with Memogain of 5xFAD transgenic mice reduced the plaque loads in hippocampus and cortex by more than one third, concomitantly with improved cognitive performance. Based on a comprehensive body of preclinical data, we expect Memogain® to show in AD patients (i) significantly improved potency on the ADAS-cog and MMSE scales, (ii) no gastrointestinal side effects, even at higher doses than presently applied for galantamine, (iii) immediate onset of medical benefit because of immediate dosing at the most effective level, and (iv) much longer medical benefit due to slowing of disease progression.
<title>Automatic boundary extraction and rectification of bony tissue in CT images using artificial intelligence techniques</title> (2000)

A novel approach is presented for fully automated boundary extraction and rectification of bony tissue from planar CT data. The approach extracts and rectifies feature boundary in a hierarchical fashion. It consists of a fuzzy multilevel thresholding operation, followed by a small void cleanup procedure. Then a binary morphological boundary detector is applied to extract the boundary. However, defective boundaries and undesirable artifacts may still be present. Thus two innovative anatomical knowledge based algorithms are used to remove the undesired structures and refine the erroneous boundary. Results of applying the approach on lumbar CT images are presented, with a discussion of the potential for clinical application of the approach.
Tissue is alive: New technologies are needed to address the problems of protein biomarker pre‐analytical variability (2009)

Instability of tissue protein biomarkers is a critical issue for molecular profiling. Pre-analytical variables during tissue procurement, such as time delays during which the tissue remains stored at room temperature, can cause significant variability and bias in downstream molecular analysis. Living tissue, ex vivo, goes through a defined stage of reactive changes that begin with oxidative, hypoxic and metabolic stress, and culminate in apoptosis. Depending on the delay time ex vivo, and reactive stage, protein biomarkers, such as signal pathway phosphoproteins will be elevated or suppressed in a manner which does not represent the biomarker levels at the time of excision. Proteomic data documenting reactive tissue protein changes post collection indicate the need to recognize and address tissue stability, preservation of post-translational modifications, and preservation of morphologic features for molecular analysis. Based on the analysis of phosphoproteins, one of the most labile tissue protein biomarkers, we set forth tissue procurement guidelines for clinical research. We propose technical solutions for (i) assessing the state of protein analyte preservation and specimen quality via identification of a panel of natural proteins (surrogate stability markers), and (ii) using multi-purpose fixative solution designed to stabilize, preserve and maintain proteins, nucleic acids, and tissue architecture.
Detection of mcr-1-Carrying Escherichia coli Causing Bloodstream Infection in a New York City Hospital: Avian Origins, Human Concerns? (2017)

The spread of <i>mcr-1</i> in the United States remains poorly defined. <i>mcr-1</i>-producing <i>Escherichia coli</i> that also carried <i>bla</i><sub><i>SHV-12</i></sub> was detected in a hospitalized patient. No additional cases were identified during screening of 801 Gram-negative isolates. Genomic sequencing identified an IncX4 <i>mcr-1</i>- harboring plasmid and ST117 clonal background associated with avian pathogenic <i>E coli.</i>
TDRSS Demand Access System augmentation (2015)

The Demand Access System (DAS) of the Tracking and Data Relay Satellite System (TDRSS) enables space borne and ground based Space Network (SN) customers to send their telemetry and science data 24 hours a day without having to schedule network services. DAS uses Tracking and Data Relay Satellite (TDRS) Multiple Access (MA) antennas and spread spectrum modulation. The current DAS system, installed in 2004, is limited in several ways and becoming obsolete due to outdated technology. A new DAS concept that takes advantage of newer technologies and low-cost components to provide enhanced customer service has been developed as a potential replacement of the existing system. The new concept does away with the hardware resource limitations of the previous system, and its performance is limited only by the self-interference generated by the MA users. In contrast to the previous system, which is largely a custom design, the new system makes use of Commercial-Off-The-Shelf (COTS) products and offers additional features such as seamless TDRS handovers and TDRS arraying. The system is self-contained in terms of handling all user interactions, and can be updated easily without impacting the rest of the SN infrastructure; backward compatibility is also maintained. Plans are underway to demonstrate the initial concept at the White Sands Complex (WSC) ground terminal by shadowing several orbiting DAS customers. Details of the system architecture, and design approach are presented.
Plasma Proteome Analysis Reveals Overlapping, yet Distinct Mechanisms of Immune Activation in Chronic HCV and HIV Infections (2013)

These data indicate that elevated levels of ecotonucleotide pyrophosphatase/phosphodiesterase-2 and LPA during advanced HCV disease may play a role in exacerbating immune activation during HCV-HIV coinfection.
α-Haloacrylates as acceptors in the [3 + 2] cycloaddition reaction with NaN3: an expedient approach to N-unsubstituted 1,2,3-triazole-4-carboxylates (2014)

An expedient synthesis of N-unsubstituted 1,2,3-triazole-4-carboxylates has been demonstrated through [3 + 2] cycloaddition of sodium azide with α-haloacrylates. The process is highly reliable and exhibits an unusually wide scope with respect to α-fluoro-, α-chloro-, α-bromo-, and α-iodoacrylates. The potential of selected 1,2,3-triazole-4-carboxylates in the preparation of 1,5-dihydro-4H-[1,2,3]-triazolo-[4,5-c]-quinolin-4-one has also been illustrated.
The Development of Thin-Film Freezing and Its Application to Improve Delivery of Biologics as Dry Powder Aerosols (2021)

While the formulation of pharmaceuticals as liquids is common practice, powders are associated with enhanced stability, avoidance of the cold chain, lower dosing requirements, and more convenient administration. These are particularly critical for proteins, as they are expensive and complicated to manufacture. Powders also have improved aerosol properties for pulmonary delivery. Conventional techniques for formulating powders include spray-drying, shelf freeze-drying, spray freeze-drying, and spray freezing into liquid, but they produce powders with poor aerosol performance and/or activity due to suboptimal powder properties. Thin-film freezing (TFF) is a new cryogenic technique that can engineer highly porous, brittle, powder matrices with excellent aerosol performance properties and stability. Herein, we describe TFF in comparison to other cryogenic techniques. Physical properties of TFF powders such as morphology, moisture sorption, stability, solubility, and dissolution, as well as aerosol properties are discussed. In addition, factors that significantly affect the physical and aerosol properties of dry powders prepared by TFF, such as solids content, drug loading, solvent system, excipient, and dry powder delivery device, are analyzed. Finally, we provide evidence supporting the applicability of using TFF to prepare dry powder formulations of protein-based pharmaceuticals, enabling their cold chain-free storage as well as efficient pulmonary delivery.
Development of lead-free low halogen solder paste (2010)

Against the drawback of lead-free high halogen solder paste strong corrosivity,a lead-free low halogen solder paste was developed,and its main property parameters were tested.The results show that the viscosity of the solder paste is 195 Pa·s,halogen mass fraction is 0.023%,other properties are suitable for IPC J—STD—005 etc.industrial requirements.
Effects of NH<SUB>3</SUB> Plasma Pre-Treatment of Ta Substrate on Atomic Layer Deposition of Cu Thin Film (2012)

Cu has replaced Al as an interconnection material in ultra-large integrated circuits, reducing resistance capacitance delay and yielding higher electro-migration reliability. However, as the feature size decreases, it becomes more difficult to produce reliable Cu wiring. In this work, the Plasma Enhanced Atomic Layer Deposition (PEALD) of Cu seed layers deposited on Ta substrates (both with and without NH3 plasma pretreatment) was investigated. The Cu seed layers deposited on NH3 plasma-pretreated Ta substrates were found to have favorable properties compared to films deposited without plasma pretreatment because of an increase in the surface energy and of the Ta substrate, which resulted in improved surface wetting.
Prediction of liver fibrosis severity in alcoholic liver disease by human microfibrillar‐associated protein 4 (2020)

MFAP4 is a novel biomarker that can detect ALD-related fibrosis with high accuracy.
Circulating endothelial progenitor cells in patients with unstable angina: association with systemic inflammation (2004)

Patients with unstable angina and no evidence of cardiac necrosis exhibited increased circulating EPCs. Systemic inflammation, in addition to recognised growth factors, could play a role in the peripheral mobilisation of EPCs in patients with anginal syndromes.
P‐82: New Design for a Highly Collimating Turning Film (2006)

Abstract We have investigated a new design for a turning film used in combination with wedge‐shaped light guide plates. The selected design has a top periodic lenticular structure that is in registration with the bottom periodic prisms. Relative registration shift in the prisms and the top lenticular structure was found to be beneficial. Use of such turning film drastically enhances the on‐axis brightness.
Preparation of monoclonal antibody against AIV type H7HA (2005)

The Balb/c mice were immuned with AIV Type H7HA.The myeloma cell line SP2/0 was fused with the spleen of immuned Balb/c, and by three limiting dilution four specific monoclonal antibodies were screened by indirect ELISA.And four monoclonal antibody all could react with the AIV.Among them,ⅠF7 belongs to IgG2b,ⅠA3、ⅠB3、ⅠC4 belongs to IgG1.Their titers in cell culture supernatant were 1∶320,1∶160 and 1∶640 respectively,and titers in ascites were 1∶2×10~5,1∶5×10~4 and 1∶4×10~5 respectively.And the four monoclonal antibodies can only react with the AIV Type H7HA,but not with the AIV Type H5HA or H9HA.
The Peano-Gosper fractal array (2003)

This paper investigates the radiation characteristics of a new type of array that is based on the family of space-filling and self-avoiding fractals known as Peano-Gosper curves. The elements of the fractal array are uniformly distributed along a Peano-Gosper curve, which leads to a planar array configuration with parallelogram cells that is bounded by a closed Koch curve. These unique properties are exploited in order to develop a design methodology for deterministic arrays that have no grating lobes even when the minimum spacing between elements is increased to at least one wavelength. This leads to a class of arrays that are relatively broad-band when compared to more conventional periodic planar arrays with square or rectangular cells and regular boundary contours. An efficient iterative procedure for calculating the radiation patterns of these Peano-Gosper fractal arrays to arbitrary stage of growth P is also introduced in this paper.
Control of Cell Death Levels Using Th9402-Based PDT Treatment on Fresh PBMC, and Potential Application to Patients with cGvHD. (2005)

Abstract Recently, extracorporeal photopheresis (ECP) has shown interesting clinical activity for the treatment of drug-refractory chronic graft-vs-host disease (cGvHD), inducing Th1/Th2 immunomodulation to restore immune tolerance. Several studies indicate that target cell apoptosis may have a role in the control of cGVHD, and increasing apoptotic levels may favor immune modulation. We have developed an approach to eliminate immunoreactive cells using the Theralux™ photodynamic cell therapy (PDT) system based on the use of the rhodamine-derivative TH9402 illuminated ex vivo with a visible light source (l=514nm). The capacity of TH9402 PDT to induce increasing levels of T cell apoptosis has not been investigated. The induction of apoptotic cell death was studied using peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) isolated from healthy volunteers (HV) and cGvHD patients. We found a good correlation between PDT conditions and levels of cell death induced. In comparison to controls showing 8±4 percent (%) of apoptosis, as measured by TUNEL assay on cells harvested 3 days post-treatment, PBMC from HV subjected to PDT using 0.33, 0.66, or 1.32 micromolar of TH9402 showed 28±16%, 49±17%, and 78±11% of apoptosis, respectively. These studies have also shown that the intra- and inter-donor variability in TH9402 incorporation are very low (~5% and 10%, respectively). To ensure that these findings could also be applied to a clinical setting, PBMC from cGvHD patients were treated with 0.33 and 1.32 micromolar of TH9402 to trigger either low or high levels of apoptosis. PBMC from cGvHD patients showed a sensitivity similar to that of PBMC from HV, with 38±9% and 73±13% of apoptosis when treated with 0.33 and 1.32 micromolar TH9402, respectively. Data obtained from the analysis of various cell death parameters such as the loss of DΨm, AnV/PI staining, TUNEL assay and agarose DNA ladder on PBMC and human Jurkat T cells treated with escalating doses of TH9402 suggested strongly the higher sensitivity of proliferating cells to the treatment. Moreover, together with the use of the caspase-inhibitor ZVAD-fmk, these data suggested that upon irradiation, the photoactivation of TH9402 will trigger the formation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and the release of proapoptotic factors from mitochondria triggering various cell death mechanisms, such as caspase-dependent apoptosis, caspase-independent apoptosis, or a mixture of apoptosis and necrosis. Finally, preliminary data showed that PDT-treated cells were able to induce in vitro the maturation of monocyte-derived dendritic cells. Based on these data, we are beginning a pilot clinical study evaluating two controlled PDT conditions inducing low and high levels of apoptosis in order to assess the efficacy and biological effect of TH9402-based ECP to treat cGVHD in humans.
Adaptive control strategies for cooperative dual‐arm manipulators (1987)

Abstract The article describes three strategies for adaptive control of cooperative dual‐arm robots. In the position‐position control strategy, the adaptive controllers ensure that the end‐effector positions of both arms track desired trajectories in Cartesian space despite unknown time‐varying interaction forces exerted through the load. In the position‐hybrid control strategy, the adaptive controller of one arm controls end‐effector motions in the free directions and applied forces in the constraint directions; while the adaptive controller of the other arm ensures that the end‐effector tracks desired position trajectories. In the hybrid‐hybrid control strategy, the adaptive controllers ensure that both end‐effectors track reference position trajectories while simultaneously applying desired forces on the load. In all three control strategies, the coupling effects between the arms through the load are treated as “disturbances” which are rejected by the adaptive controllers while following desired commands in a common frame of reference. The adaptive controllers do not require the complex mathematical model of the arm dynamics or any knowledge of the arm dynamic parameters or the load parameters such as mass and stiffness. The controllers have simple structures and are computationally fast for on‐line implementation with high sampling rates. Simulation results are given to illustrate the proposed adaptive control strategies.
NO Release from NO Donors and Nitrovasodilators:  Comparisons between Oxyhemoglobin and Potentiometric Assays (1998)

Unraveling the biology, pharmacology, and toxicology of NO depends on accurate NO assays, two of the more common being the oxyHb (oxyhemoglobin) assay and potentiometric detection using a Clark-type NO-selective electrode. Comparison of the specificity and sensitivity of the oxyHb and potentiometric methods was carried out using a broad series of nitrovasodilators, including organic nitrates, nitrites, thionitrates, nitrosothiols, and diazenium diolates. Only with the more labile diazenium diolates was a linear relationship observed between the rates of NO release measured potentiometrically and the rate of oxyHb oxidation from the oxyHb assay. The nonlinear plots indicate that N,O-species other than NO itself are capable of oxidizing oxyHb.
Cisplatin sensitivity of testis tumour cells is due to deficiency in interstrand-crosslink repair and low ERCC1-XPF expression (2010)

Our data indicate for the first time that the exceptional sensitivity of TTC and, therefore, very likely the curability of TGCT rests on their limited ICL repair due to low level of expression of ERCC1-XPF.
Modular Analytical Multicomponent Analysis in Gas Sensor Aarrays (2006)

A multi-sensor system is a chemical sensor system which quantitatively andqualitatively records gases with a combination of cross-sensitive gas sensor arrays andpattern recognition software. This paper addresses the issue of data analysis foridentification of gases in a gas sensor array. We introduce a software tool for gas sensorarray configuration and simulation. It concerns thereby about a modular software packagefor the acquisition of data of different sensors. A signal evaluation algorithm referred to asmatrix method was used specifically for the software tool. This matrix method computes thegas concentrations from the signals of a sensor array. The software tool was used for thesimulation of an array of five sensors to determine gas concentration of CH4, NH3, H2, COand C2H5OH. The results of the present simulated sensor array indicate that the softwaretool is capable of the following: (a) identify a gas independently of its concentration; (b)estimate the concentration of the gas, even if the system was not previously exposed to thisconcentration; (c) tell when a gas concentration exceeds a certain value. A gas sensor database was build for the configuration of the software. With the data base one can create,generate and manage scenarios and source files for the simulation. With the gas sensor database and the simulation software an on-line Web-based version was developed, with whichthe user can configure and simulate sensor arrays on-line.
Increasing TeraGrid User Productivity through Integration of Information and Interactive Services (2008)

The TeraGrid user portal is a Web portal that aggregates and simplifies access to TeraGrid information and services for active TeraGrid users. The vision for the TeraGrid user portal is to become the resource that all TeraGrid users turn to for access, education, use and support of TeraGrid systems. The user portal is an operational activity of the TeraGrid project while also serving as a platform for software development and integration of TeraGrid services. The initial release of the TGUP in 2006 provided a single place for researchers to access documentation and user information, review the capabilities and current status of all resources, and learn how to get access to systems and support. Since the initial release, the development team has improved the initial capabilities and integrated many new features to make using the distributed resources of TeraGrid easier and further increase user productivity. The improvements and additions since the initial release cover three classes of TGUP features: informational services, interactive services, and user-centric services. This paper will describe some of the most important recent additions to TeraGrid User Portal capabilities, and will discuss planned future capabilities and their expected impact.
HealthPass: Fine-Grained Access Control to Portable Personal Health Records (2010)

At present, emerging possibilities for patients to access their health records or health information may potentially lead to changes within the current health care delivery system from an institution-centered to a patient-centered model and an electronic personal health record (PHR) may greatly influence such a shift. However, the use of PHRs does introduce specific challenges in terms of accidental disclosure of or malicious access to an individual's health data. Hence a high level of security for data access is required due to the sensitivity and confidentiality of the health data in PHRs. In this paper, we present extensible models for defining and configuring fine-grained, role-based access control policies for XML-based portable personal health records using an extended digital certificate approach, called HealthPass which enables flexible and dynamic interactions without using a classical authorization and authentication approach like username and password.
Surface Etching by Laser‐Generated Free Radicals (1980)

We have found that reactive neutral fragments, generated by multiple infrared photon dissociation of various molecules with a laser, are capable of etching silicon oxide or nitride surfaces. The laser‐generated radical etching process has a potential for major commercial impact, by eliminating ion‐bombardment damage in the resulting semiconductor device and by permitting more efficient and selective etching to be performed. In addition, this provides an investigative tool for learning the precise identity of the active species, the extent of their interaction with the substrate surface, and the rates of the key steps in the reactions resulting in net removal of silicon.