gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Direct methanol fuel cells: Developments for portable power and for potential transportation applications (1998)

The authors describe here results of recent efforts at Los Alamos National Laboratory (LANL), devoted to potential application of Direct Methanol Fuel Cells (DMFCs) as (1) portable power sources at the 50 W level, and (2) primary power sources for electric vehicles. In general, DMFC R and D efforts focus on further improvements in anode catalytic activity, fuel utilization (as related to methanol crossover) and air cathode performance in the presence of the presence of the significant flux of aqueous methanol from anode to cathode. There are significant differences between technical parameters and targets for the two different DMFC applications, which the authors have addressed. They include the lower cell temperature (about 60 C) preferred in portable power vs. operation around 100 C as target temperature for transportation applications, and the much stronger concern for cost of catalyst and any other stack materials in DMFCs developed for potential transportation applications. Most, if not all, recent DMFC work for either portable power or potential transportation applications has strongly focused on cells with polymeric (primarily PFSA) membrane electrolytes. In work at LANL, thin film catalysts bonded to the membrane, e.g., by the decal method, provided best results in terms of catalyst utilization and overall cell performance. In most tests, the single DMFC hardware consisted of uncatalyzed carbon-cloth gas-diffusion backings and graphite blocks with machined serpentine flow channels--quite similar to hardware employed in work with hydrogen/air PEFCs. However, the machined graphite hardware has recently been replaced by alternative, non-machined flow-field/bipolar plates, which enables effective air and aqueous methanol solution distribution along an active area of 50 cm{sup 2}, at a pitch per cell of 2 mm.
Angular-momentum-biasing for non-reciprocal electromagnetic devices (2014)

A novel method for generating non-reciprocity based on angular-momentum biasing is presented. The new approach does not require ferromagnetic materials or external magnetic fields, eliminating the need for rare-earth materials while at the same time simplifying circuit integration schemes. Waveguide and lumped element resonators are simulated and fabricated to validate the proposed phenomenon. A circulator based on the angular momentum biasing technique is shown to provide over 38 dB of isolation in both microstrip ring and lumped element resonator designs.
Virtual Shock Shaping Using Microjet Arrays (2010)

Arrays of high momentum microjets are used to generate single or multiple oblique shocks in the supersonic cross-flow. The shocks generated using microjets can be tailored to be parallel or coalescing depending upon the application. Flow visualization using Shadowgraph and density field measurements using Background Oriented Schlieren technique were obtained for a range of test conditions. The results obtained using the two methods are consistent and show a linear variation of oblique shock angle with microjet supply pressure up to the range tested. The density field obtained using BOS clearly shows the oblique shock generated using microjet, the jump in density across the shock, the extent of high density field and the expansion fan. There is a large historical interest towards high speed commercial travel and military combat . The high speed combat aircraft have been quite successful but one of the biggest challenges in the establishmen t of commercial supersonic travel involves dealing with the impact of associated shock system, well known as Sonic boom. Many technologies in the past have been, and are being developed to reduce the signature of sonic boom. DARPA’s Shaped Sonic Boom Demonstration (SSBD) program 1-2 on F-5E aircraft demonstrated the reduction in sonic boom signature by extensively modified forward fuselage and the effort was followed up by NASA’s Shaped Sonic Boom Experiment (SSBE) program. Gulfstream’s Quite Spike program 3-4 utilized a long telescopic fuselage extension to alter the N-wave pressure signature on F-15 aircraft. The design of a supersonic inlet has been and will continue to pose another technological challenge due to its complex flow field with multiple shocks. Inlet ramps, single or multi are offering a good percentage of pressure recovery up to certain velocities but there performance degrade at higher Mach number operations. Isentropic ramps are complicated to design and expensive to manufacture and appear sporadically in aircraft history. In traditional inlets in supersonic aircraft, the flow is decelerated through a series of oblique shock waves, which eventually terminate in a normal shock followed by a subsonic diffuser. The interaction of these shocks, e specially the terminal normal shock, results in Shock Wave Boundary Layer Interactions (SWBLI) inside the inlet. Such SWBLIs generally lead to degradation in the inlet performance in terms of: significant pressure losses; flow unsteadiness in the duct and on the compressor fan- face; local -or in severe cases, global separation and non-uniform flow. Consequently, the control of SWBLI for supersonic inlets is highly desirable for the present and next generation of aircraft. Traditionally this has been achieved through the use of (active or passive) bleed systems on the inlet surfaces 5-6 . Although this approach has been shown to reduce some of the SWBLI related adverse effects, the cost of such systems in terms additional weight, drag and complexity makes
Generalized serial schedules for iterative decoding of LDPC codes (2008)

Efficient serial decoding schedules for LDPC codes are described. The schedules are based on dividing the Tanner graph to sub-graphs. This yields an improvement in complexity and performance over the standard schedules. An application of the introduced schedules to decoding codes based on lifted graphs is described. An analysis based on density evolution is presented and is used to predict the behavior of different schedules.
Integrated flexible handheld probe for imaging and evaluation of iridocorneal angle (2015)

An imaging probe is designed and developed by integrating a miniaturized charge-coupled diode camera and light-emitting diode light source, which enables evaluation of the iridocorneal region inside the eye. The efficiency of the prototype probe instrument is illustrated initially by using not only eye models, but also samples such as pig eye. The proposed methodology and developed scheme are expected to find potential application in iridocorneal angle documentation, glaucoma diagnosis, and follow-up management procedures.
CUSTOMIZING THE BEHAVIOR OF INTERACTING OCCUPANTS USING PERSONAS (2010)

This work introduces personas, descriptions of fictional individuals used in the field of human-computer interac-tion, into the simulation of building performance. The ultimate goal is to reduce the impact of buildings on the environment by helping architects predict the energy de-mand associated with different design options. As energy consumption patterns are largely dependent on human ac-tivities, we previously developed a method to simulate the behavior of individual building occupants. Here we ex-tend the method, allowing occupants to interact with one another. Also, whereas activities generated by the previ-ous method were based on only the recorded schedules of real people, we now use personas as well to customize and diversify occupant behavior. Both occupant interac-tion and behavior customization were achieved via the as-signment of weighting coefficients to activities used for model calibration. Simulation results demonstrate that, by supplying only modest amounts of information, architects may be able to generate plausible interdependent sched-ules specifically tailored to their own projects.
Silica membranes for hydrogen separation in coal gas processing. Final report, January 1993 (1993)

The general objective of this project was to synthesize permselective membranes suitable for hydrogen separation from coal gas. The specific objectives were: (i) to synthesize membranes by chemical vapor deposition (CVD) of SiO{sub 2} or other oxides on porous support tubes, (ii) characterize the membranes by permeation measurements of various gases and by electron microscopy, and (iii) obtain information about the mechanism and kinetics Of SiO{sub 2} deposition, and model the process of membrane formation. Silica glass and certain other glasses, in dense (nonporous) form, are highly selective to hydrogen permeation. Since this high selectivity is accompanied by low permeability, however, a practical membrane must have a composite structure consisting of a thin layer of the active oxide supported on a porous tube or plate providing mechanical support. In this project the membranes were synthesized by chemical vapor deposition (CVD) of SiO{sub 2}, TiO{sub 2}, Al{sub 2}O{sub 3} and B{sub 2}O{sub 3} layers inside the walls of porous Vycor tubes (5 mm ID, 7 mm OD, 40 {Angstrom} mean pore diameter). Deposition of the oxide layer was carried out using the reaction of SiCl{sub 4} (or TiCl{sub 4}, AlCl{sub 3}, BCl{sub 3}) and water vapor at elevated temperatures. The porous support tube was inserted concentrically into a larger quartz tube and fitted with flow lines and pressure gauges. The flow of the two reactant streams was regulated by mass flow controllers, while the temperature was controlled by placing the reactor into a split-tube electric furnace.
A programmable, high performance vector array unit used for real-time motion estimation (2003)

The MPEG-4 and H.263 video standards are enabling technologies for the proliferation of wireless multimedia applications in 3G systems. For video encoding, the motion estimation (ME) stage is typically the most demanding in terms of performance and bandwidth requirements, and is usually implemented through dedicated hardware, especially in systems with stringent power requirements. This approach, however, cannot exploit any algorithm advances on motion estimation algorithms, and requires major hardware re-design in case of modified specifications or standards. This paper describes the architecture of a programmable motion estimation unit that is used as part of a larger wireless video encoding system. An instruction set architecture (ISA) allows the development of various ME algorithms in software without the need to re-design portion of the chip.
Synthesis of Functionalized Cannabinoids (2000)

An effective synthesis of tricyclic, nonclassical cannabinoids has been developed on the basis of a cation-olefin cyclization that forms the two nonaromatic rings with the desired stereochemistry in a single step.
The advantages of radial trajectories for vessel-selective dynamic angiography with arterial spin labeling (2019)

Radial trajectories outperform conventional Cartesian techniques for accelerated vessel-selective ASL dynamic angiography.
Could viruses contribute to the worldwide epidemic of obesity? (2008)

The prevalence of obesity in children increased rapidly starting about 1980 in both developed and developing countries. Studies of changes in diet and physical activity, television watching, and food advertisements on television suggest that these are not sufficient to explain the epidemic. The pattern of rapid spread is suggestive of an infectious origin. The concept of virus-induced obesity is not new. Eight viruses have been shown to cause obesity in animals and there is evidence for virus-induced obesity in humans. Recent evidence on animal and human adenoviruses suggests that these adenoviruses may infect adipocytes to alter enzymes and transcription factors resulting in accumulation of triglycerides and differentiation of preadipocytes into mature adipocytes. The E4orf1 gene of Ad-36 has been shown to be responsible for the adipogenic effect. It appears that a portion of the worldwide epidemic of obesity since 1980 could be due to infections with human adenoviruses.
In-situ control of tunable evanescent-mode cavity filters using differential mode monitoring (2009)

In the present work, a method for tracking the center frequency of a widely tunable evanescent-mode cavity filter in-situ is introduced. The goal is to be able to monitor the performance of a filter without disturbing the fields or degrading the quality. The proposed method is to monitor the resonant frequency of each resonator of the filter independently by inducing higher order differential modes. This method enables a continuous feedback loop to lock in the filter center frequency and shape. An example filter is fabricated to demonstrate the concept and tuned from 1.4 to 3 GHz while monitoring the differential mode at 4 to 6.5 GHz. The ability to independently monitor and control the individual resonators in-situ without disturbing the main mode is demonstrated and is a crucial step towards a robust fielded widely tunable filter.
Contribution to quality assessment of digital halftoning algorithms (2007)

Many new proposals are continually published in the halftoning domain. Alas, the demonstration of the interest of the proposed methods is often limited to a few favourable tests for the proposed methods, and images showing the defects of the other halftoning methods. The halftoning community needs to be able to compare a halftoning method with the innovations that appear in this domain. A complete and measured evaluation of quality is necessary through to a well defined set of test images and metrics to evaluate the algorithm. This paper proposes a protocol for the quality assessment of digital halftoning algorithm that can be used to compare one algorithm to another. It discusses the assessment of halftoner quality. It analyzes the perceived image quality concepts and defines the technical criteria that a good halftoner must match. A first sketch of a simple quality assessment protocol is proposed. It is composed of test images and quality metrics. This protocol could be used to provide new proposed halftoning algorithms with objective results.
Matching and anatomical labeling of human airway tree (2005)

Matching of corresponding branchpoints between two human airway trees, as well as assigning anatomical names to the segments and branchpoints of the human airway tree, are of significant interest for clinical applications and physiological studies. In the past, these tasks were often performed manually due to the lack of automated algorithms that can tolerate false branches and anatomical variability typical for in vivo trees. In this paper, we present algorithms that perform both matching of branchpoints and anatomical labeling of in vivo trees without any human intervention and within a short computing time. No hand-pruning of false branches is required. The results from the automated methods show a high degree of accuracy when validated against reference data provided by human experts. 92.9% of the verifiable branchpoint matches found by the computer agree with experts' results. For anatomical labeling, 97.1% of the automatically assigned segment labels were found to be correct.
A comparison of Monte Carlo dropout and bootstrap aggregation on the performance and uncertainty estimation in radiation therapy dose prediction with deep learning neural networks (2021)

Recently, artificial intelligence technologies and algorithms have become a major focus for advancements in treatment planning for radiation therapy. As these are starting to become incorporated into the clinical workflow, a major concern from clinicians is not whether the model is accurate, but whether the model can express to a human operator when it does not know if its answer is correct. We propose to use Monte Carlo Dropout (MCDO) and the bootstrap aggregation (bagging) technique on deep learning (DL) models to produce uncertainty estimations for radiation therapy dose prediction. We show that both models are capable of generating a reasonable uncertainty map, and, with our proposed scaling technique, creating interpretable uncertainties and bounds on the prediction and any relevant metrics. Performance-wise, bagging provides statistically significant reduced loss value and errors in most of the metrics investigated in this study. The addition of bagging was able to further reduce errors by another 0.34% for [Formula: see text] and 0.19% for [Formula: see text] on average, when compared to the baseline model. Overall, the bagging framework provided significantly lower mean absolute error (MAE) of 2.62, as opposed to the baseline model's MAE of 2.87. The usefulness of bagging, from solely a performance standpoint, does highly depend on the problem and the acceptable predictive error, and its high upfront computational cost during training should be factored in to deciding whether it is advantageous to use it. In terms of deployment with uncertainty estimations turned on, both methods offer the same performance time of about 12 s. As an ensemble-based metaheuristic, bagging can be used with existing machine learning architectures to improve stability and performance, and MCDO can be applied to any DL models that have dropout as part of their architecture.
Development of High-Performance Anode-Supported Planar SOFC with Large Area by 4-Layer Co-Firing Process (2021)

Solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC) technology has attracted great attention because of higher efficiency, fuel flexibility, and eco-friendly stationary power generation system. However, its commercialization is hindered due to the lack of durability and high-cost. Herein, a facile and exceptionally reliable 4-layered anode supported SOFCs with a large area (12cm×12cm) was fabricated in a single step co-firing process at 1400°C, in which tape-casted green films of NiO-YSZ, NiO-1CeScSZ, 1CeScSZ, and GDC were laminated by isostatic press. The fabrication parameter, such as viscosity of the slurries and mechanical strengths of the green films, were optimized. As a result, finely porous anode layer, and highly dense 1CeScSZ electrolyte and GDC buffer layers on a robust porous anode-support, were formed successfully. The possibility of mass production is verified through the fabrication of large area cells with an active area 100 cm 2 . The single cell showed high-power output of 28 W at total current 50 A at 700°C and exhibits low degradation rate of 0.2%/kh at 25A for long-term test of 1000 hrs. This facile strategy is time-efficient, reproducible, cost-effective, and highly practical to produce SOFC system satisfying both high-performance and durability.
Identification and Characterization of a Novel<i>Terrabacter ginsenosidimutans</i>sp. nov. β-Glucosidase That Transforms Ginsenoside Rb1 into the Rare Gypenosides XVII and LXXV (2010)

A new beta-glucosidase from a novel strain of Terrabacter ginsenosidimutans (Gsoil 3082(T)) obtained from the soil of a ginseng farm was characterized, and the gene, bgpA (1,947 bp), was cloned in Escherichia coli. The enzyme catalyzed the conversion of ginsenoside Rb1 {3-O-[beta-D-glucopyranosyl-(1-2)-beta-D-glucopyranosyl]-20-O-[beta-D-glucopyranosyl-(1-6)-beta-D-glucopyranosyl]-20(S)-protopanaxadiol} to the more pharmacologically active rare ginsenosides gypenoside XVII {3-O-beta-D-glucopyranosyl-20-O-[beta-D-glucopyranosyl-(1-6)-beta-D-glucopyranosyl]-20(S)-protopanaxadiol}, gypenoside LXXV {20-O-[beta-v-glucopyranosyl-(1-6)-beta-D-glucopyranosyl]-20(S)-protopanaxadiol}, and C-K [20-O-(beta-D-glucopyranosyl)-20(S)-protopanaxadiol]. A BLAST search of the bgpA sequence revealed significant homology to family 3 glycoside hydrolases. Expressed in E. coli, beta-glucosidase had apparent K(m) values of 4.2 +/- 0.8 and 0.14 +/- 0.05 mM and V(max) values of 100.6 +/- 17.1 and 329 +/- 31 micromol x min(-1) x mg of protein(-1) against p-nitrophenyl-beta-D-glucopyranoside and Rb1, respectively. The enzyme catalyzed the hydrolysis of the two glucose moieties attached to the C-3 position of ginsenoside Rb1, and the outer glucose attached to the C-20 position at pH 7.0 and 37 degrees C. These cleavages occurred in a defined order, with the outer glucose of C-3 cleaved first, followed by the inner glucose of C-3, and finally the outer glucose of C-20. These results indicated that BgpA selectively and sequentially converts ginsenoside Rb1 to the rare ginsenosides gypenoside XVII, gypenoside LXXV, and then C-K. Herein is the first report of the cloning and characterization of a novel ginsenoside-transforming beta-glucosidase of the glycoside hydrolase family 3.
Abstract 2021: MicroRNA affinity assay (2010)

Abstract Introduction: MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small noncoding RNAs functioning in gene regulation. In animal cells, miRNAs bind to target sites in the 3’ UTR of mRNAs, causing posttranscriptional repression or degradation of mRNAs. The identification of specific miRNAs to target a 3′UTR of a given gene is essential for studies in gene regulation. However, the sequence software programs conventionally used to predict binding of individual microRNAs to a given mRNA transcript are notoriously unreliable, and specific microRNA-mRNA binding is very difficult to directly affirm using currently available techniques. We have developed a microRNA affinity assay that addresses this need. Methods: We chose a candidate gene that had been extensively studied experimentally for microRNA regulation; it is known that miR-200c and miR-200b can bind to 3′UTR RNA of TCF8 [Hurteau 2007]. Here, a 500bp fragment of the 3′UTR RNA of TCF8 was generated by IVT, and used as a bait sequence to identify miRNAs that bind a mixture of known miRNA composition, and alternately a naturally produced cellular miRNA pool. After separation, miRNA qPCR was used to check recovery rate of miRNA, and cloning and sequencing was used to identify miRNAs. Results: Specific miRNAs from a synthetic mixture miRNAs, miRNA qPCR results displayed excellent recovery rates (151.57% with pipetting error, for miR-200c), 88.88% for the closely related miR-200b, 0.31% for the sequence-unrelated miR-9, 0.67% (miR-10a), 0.1% (miR-20a), 8.78% (miR-34a with some 3′UTR homology), 0.11% (miR-100), 0.16% (miR-140-5p), 0.98% (miR-144), 0.33% (miR-802) and 1.58% (miR-1234). After cloning the captured miRNAs, there were 10 sequences from miR-200c, 7 sequences from miR-200b, and one other sequence in 18 sequenced clones. When separating specific miRNAs from naturally produced NHBE cell miRNA pool, miRNA qPCR results show that their recovery rates are 88.88% (miR-200c), 80% (miR-200b), 0.07% (miR-20a), less than 0.006% (miR-34a) and 0.01% (miR-100). Conclusions: For both simple known and complex unknown microRNA pools, this pull-down strategy is effective in determining microRNA-mRNA binding. In future work, we will use other 3′UTR RNA sequences of candidate genes as bait sequence, for microRNA-related discovery and confirmation. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 101st Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2010 Apr 17-21; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2010;70(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 2021.
A timing dependent power estimation framework considering coupling (2006)

In this paper, we propose a timing dependent dynamic power estimation framework that considers the impact of coupling and glitches. We show that relative switching activities and times of coupled nets significantly affect dynamic power consumption, and neither should be ignored during power estimation. To capture the timing dependence, an approach to efficient representation and propagation of switching-window distributions through a circuit, considering coupling induced delay variations, is developed. Based on the propagated switchingwindow distributions, power consumption in charging or discharging coupling capacitances is calculated, and accounted for in the total power. Experimental results for the ISCAS'85 benchmarks demonstrate that ignoring the impact of timing dependent coupling on power can cause up to 59% error in coupling power estimation (up to 25% error in total power estimation).