gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
An application in cheddar cheese manufacture for a strain of Lactococcus lactis producing a novel broad-spectrum bacteriocin, lacticin 3147 (1996)

Lactococcus lactis DPC3147, a strain isolated from an Irish kefir grain, produces a bacteriocin with a broad spectrum of inhibition. The bacteriocin produced is heat stable, particularly at a low pH, and inhibits nisin-producing (Nip+) lactococci. On the basis of the observation that the nisin structural gene (nisA) does not hybridize to DPC3147 genomic DNA, the bacteriocin produced was considered novel and designated lacticin 3147. The genetic determinants which encode lacticin 3147 are contained on a 63-kb plasmid, which was conjugally mobilized to a commercial cheese starter, L. lactis subsp. cremoris DPC4268. The resultant transconjugant, DPC4275, both produces and is immune to lacticin 3147. The ability of lacticin 3147-producing lactococci to perform as cheddar cheese starters was subsequently investigated in cheesemaking trials. Bacteriocin-producing starters (which included the transconjugant strain DPC4275) produced acid at rates similar to those of commercial strains. The level of lacticin 3147 produced in cheese remained constant over 6 months of ripening and correlated with a significant reduction in the levels of nonstarter lactic acid bacteria. Such results suggest that these starters provide a means of controlling developing microflora in ripened fermented products.
Laser System for Precise, Unambiguous Range Measurements (2005)

The Modulation Sideband Technology for Absolute Range (MSTAR) architecture is the basis of design of a proposed laser-based heterodyne interferometer that could measure a range (distance) as great as 100 km with a precision and resolution of the order of 1 nm. Simple optical interferometers can measure changes in range with nanometer resolution, but cannot measure range itself because interference is subject to the well-known integer-multiple-of-2 -radians phase ambiguity, which amounts to a range ambiguity of the order of 1 m at typical laser wavelengths. Existing rangefinders have a resolution of the order of 10 m and are therefore unable to resolve the ambiguity. The proposed MSTAR architecture bridges the gap, enabling nanometer resolution with an ambiguity range that can be extended to arbitrarily large distances. The MSTAR architecture combines the principle of the heterodyne interferometer with the principle of extending the ambiguity range of an interferometer by using light of two wavelengths. The use of two wavelengths for this purpose is well established in optical metrology, radar, and sonar. However, unlike in traditional two-color laser interferometry, light of two wavelengths would not be generated by two lasers. Instead, multiple wavelengths would be generated as sidebands of phase modulation of the light from a single frequency- stabilized laser. The phase modulation would be effected by applying sinusoidal signals of suitable frequencies (typically tens of gigahertz) to high-speed electro-optical phase modulators. Intensity modulation can also be used
Enhancing Resolution of Electrical Capacitive Sensors for Multiphase Flows by Fine-Stepped Electronic Scanning of Synthetic Electrodes (2018)

Electrical capacitance tomography (ECT) exhibits several attractive features that are important for industrial process tomography applications. These features include low cost, high speed, and nonintrusive nature. However, due to its soft-field character, a relatively low image resolution is an outstanding challenge for ECT. While many efforts have been made to tackle this challenge by improvements in image reconstruction algorithms, relatively less has been done to enhance the basic ECT hardware sensor configuration and data acquisition process. In this paper, a new measurement acquisition strategy is introduced to increase image resolution when using adaptive ECT (AECT). The proposed strategy is based on the manipulation of synthetic electrodes plates (“metaplates”) formed by a set of combined smaller physical electrodes (segments). The synthetic electrodes are sequentially activated with partial overlap of constituent segments to provide a fine-stepped axial and/or azimuthal electronic scan along the entire sensor. Consequently, an increased number of independent capacitance measurements are made available. Reconstruction results using the proposed measurement acquisition strategy (AECT) are shown to illustrate the enhanced resolution and stability in the imaging of objects compared to conventional ECT sensors.
Mutational Analysis of Cell Cycle Inhibition by Integrin β1C (1999)

Integrin beta1C is an alternatively spliced cytoplasmic variant of the beta1 subunit that potently inhibits cell cycle progression. In this study, we analyzed the requirements for growth suppression by beta1C. A chimera containing the extracellular/transmembrane domain of the Tac subunit of the human interleukin 2 receptor (gp55) fused to the cytoplasmic domain of beta1C (residues 732-805) strongly inhibited growth in mouse 10T1/2 cells even at low expression levels, whereas chimeras containing the beta1A, beta1B, beta1D, beta3, and beta5 cytoplasmic domains had weak and variable effects. The beta1C cytoplasmic domain is composed of a membrane proximal region (732-757) common to all beta1 variants and a COOH-terminal 48-amino acid domain (758-805) unique to beta1C. The beta1C-specific domain (758-805) was sufficient to block cell growth even when expressed as a soluble cytoplasmic green fluorescent protein fusion protein. These results indicate that growth inhibition by beta1C does not require the intact receptor and can function in the absence of membrane targeting. Analysis of deletions within the beta1C-specific domain showed that the 18-amino acid sequence 775-792 is both necessary and sufficient for maximal growth inhibition, although the 13 COOH-terminal residues (793-805) also had weak activity. Finally, beta1C is known to be induced in endothelial cells in response to tumor necrosis factor and is down-regulated in prostate epithelial cells after transformation. The green fluorescent protein/beta1C (758-805) chimera blocked growth in the human endothelial cell line EV304 and in the transformed prostate epithelial cell line DU145, consistent with a role for beta1C as a growth inhibitor in vivo.
A route optimization algorithm and its application to mobile location management in ATM networks (1998)

In this paper, we propose an algorithm for optimizing the route of a connection that becomes suboptimal due to operations such as handoffs and location-based reroutes, for mobile ATM (asynchronous transfer mode) networks based on the PNNI (private network-to-network interface) standard. This algorithm uses hierarchical route information of the connection and summarized topology and loading information of the network to determine a "crossover node" such that adjusting the connection from that crossover node results in an optimally routed connection. We then apply this algorithm to the mobile location management problem. Location management schemes have been proposed in which an incoming call to a mobile is first routed to its home switch (based on summarized reachability data) and then rerouted to the mobile's current location. If we consider such rerouting a "first phase" of mobile connection setup, a "second phase" is required to optimize the paths of such rerouted connections. Such an approach is considered a two-phase mobile location/connection setup scheme. Alternatively, an incoming call to a mobile can be first routed to its home switch based on summarized reachability data, and then "cranked back" to an optimal crossover node before rerouting the connection to the mobile's current location. Such a scheme is a one-phase mobile location/connection setup scheme since it directly results in an optimal path. A comparative performance analysis of the one- and two-phase connection setup schemes is presented. Measures of comparison are call setup delay and the amount of network resources allocated to a connection. The maximum call setup delay (worst case call setup delay) is lower in the two-phase scheme, but the average call setup delay is lower in the one-phase scheme. The amount of resources required for a connection in the two-phase scheme (prior to route optimization) is significantly greater than that in the one-phase scheme.
On-line handwriting character recognition method with directional features and direction-change features (2002)

We propose a new on-line recognition method to recognize handwritten cursive-style characters correctly. Our method simultaneously uses both directional features, otherwise known as off-line features, and direction-change features, which we designed as on-line features. These features are expressed in the divided meshes of the character area. The directional features express the directions between character's coordinates within the meshes. The direction-change features express where in the mesh and in which direction each direction of the character's coordinates change, and express where the circular parts of the character are in the mesh. These features express both written strokes in the pen-down state and unwritten imaginary strokes in the pen-up state. Our method recognizes an inputted character by comparing the inputted character's features and the features of standard characters. The recognition rate was improved by our method with directional features and direction-change features as opposed to the traditional method with only directional features. Moreover, the recognition rate was also improved by considering imaginary strokes in the pen-up state.
Neighboring Cell Search for LTE Systems (2012)

Long term evolution (LTE) is considered to be a key technology for the next generation of cellular telecommunications. In LTE systems, each user equipment (UE) detects the surrounding cells by searching their identities (IDs) in the synchronization channels of the received waveform. Searching and tracking neighboring cells is important for cellular network management, such as handover and base station cooperation. In this paper, we establish a general framework for neighboring cell search (NCS) in LTE systems. In particular, we derive sufficient signal metrics (SSMs) for NCS under various channel conditions, and develop NCS algorithms based on the SSMs, which optimally combine multiple observations over space and/or time. Moreover, we develop a statistical model for NCS using probability analysis. The performance of NCS algorithms is characterized in terms of the number of detected cells and the cell detection probability, and simulation results validate the effectiveness of the proposed algorithms.
${\rm Si}_{\rm x}{\rm Ge}_{1\hbox{-}{\rm x}}$ Epitaxial Tunnel Layer Structure for P-Channel Tunnel FET Improvement (2013)

The tunnel field-effect transistor (FET) is a promising candidate for use in ultralow-power applications because of its distinct operation principle, namely, band to band tunneling (BTBT). However, the ON-state current of the tunnel device is extremely low because of the poor tunneling efficiency of the BTBT. In this paper, a novel epitaxial tunnel layer (ETL) structure combining vertical tunneling orientation was proposed. The ETL structure performs more favorably than does the traditional lateral tunnel FET structure in an all-silicon device. By using low bandgap materials in the ETL, the ON-state BTBT current increases and an extremely low intrinsic OFF-state current is maintained because of the small low bandgap junction area. The onset voltage of the bipolar BTBT can also be postponed using ETL band engineering. The optimized parameters of the SixGe <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">1-x</sub> ETL tunnel FET structure increase the ON-state current 10 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">7</sup> -10 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">8</sup> times compared with that of the traditional lateral silicon tunnel FET. The minimal subthreshold swing (SS) and ON/OFF current ratio also improve, the SS decreases from 47 mV/decade to 29 mV/decade, and the ON/OFF current ratio increase from 10 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">5</sup> to 10 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">10</sup> . In this paper, the effects of the ETL parameters on device performance are discussed in detail.
Effects of FCC catalyst composition upon gasoline yield and octane performance. [Fluid catalytic cracking (FCC)] (1983)

The recent lead phase down and increased unleaded gasoline demand have caused a significant strain upon the resources of many U.S. refiners. In a typical refinery, the gasoline obtained from the fluid catalytic cracking (FCC) unit often represents a large fraction of the gasoline pool. This FCC gasoline is often lower in octane quality than from other sources, such as reforming or alkylation. For these reasons, there has been a renewed interest in the capabilities of fluid catalytic cracking units and catalysts to solve this problem with improved octane gasoline production. The laboratory study presented highlights the role of the catalyst's chemical and physical properties (cation exchange form and acidity of the zeolite, matrix composition) upon gasoline yield and octane quality. (JMT)
Extended haplotypes in the complement factor H (<i>CFH</i>) and CFH‐related (<i>CFHR</i>) family of genes protect against age‐related macular degeneration: Characterization, ethnic distribution and evolutionary implications (2006)

The absence of CFHR1 and/or CFHR3 may account for the protective effects conferred by some CFH haplotypes. Moreover, the high frequencies of the 402H allele and the delCFHR1/CFHR3 alleles in African populations suggest an ancient origin for these alleles. The considerable diversity accumulated at this locus may be due to selection, which is consistent with an important role for the CFHR genes in innate immunity.
Functional Proteomics Screen Enables Enrichment of Distinct Cell Types from Human Pancreatic Islets (2015)

The current world-wide epidemic of diabetes has prompted attempts to generate new sources of insulin-producing cells for cell replacement therapy. An inherent challenge in many of these strategies is the lack of cell-surface markers permitting isolation and characterization of specific cell types from differentiating stem cell populations. Here we introduce an iterative proteomics procedure allowing tag-free isolation of cell types based on their function. Our method detects and associates specific cell-surface markers with particular cell functionality by coupling cell capture on antibody arrays with immunofluorescent labeling. Using this approach in an iterative manner, we discovered marker combinations capable of enriching for discrete pancreatic cell subtypes from human islets of Langerhans: insulin-producing beta cells (CD9high/CD56+), glucagon-producing alpha cells (CD9-/CD56+) and trypsin-producing acinar cells (CD9-/CD56-). This strategy may assist future beta cell research and the development of diagnostic tools for diabetes. It can also be applied more generally for function-based purification of desired cell types from other limited and heterogeneous biological samples.
Chipless-RFID: A Review and Recent Developments (2019)

In this paper, a review of the state-of-the-art chipless radiofrequency identification (RFID) technology is carried out. This recent technology may provide low cost tags as long as these tags are not equipped with application specific integrated circuits (ASICs). Nevertheless, chipless-RFID presents a series of technological challenges that have been addressed by different research groups in the last decade. One of these challenges is to increase the data storage capacity of tags, in order to be competitive with optical barcodes, or even with chip-based RFID tags. Thus, the main aim of this paper is to properly clarify the advantages and disadvantages of chipless-RFID technology. Moreover, since the coding information is an important aspect in such technology, the different coding techniques, as well as the main figures of merit used to compare different chipless-RFID tags, will be analyzed.
Sintering aid for lanthanum chromite refractories. [As interconnect layer between electrodes in fuel cells] (2023)

An electronically conductive interconnect layer for use in a fuel cell or other electrolytic device is formed with sintering additives to permit densification in a monolithic structure with the electrode materials. Additions, including an oxide of boron and a eutectic forming composition of Group 2A metal fluorides with Group 3B metal fluorides and Group 2A metal oxides with Group 6B metal oxides, lower the required firing temperature of lanthanum chromite to permit densification to in excess of 94% of theoretical density without degradation of electrode material lamina. The monolithic structure is formed by tape casting thin layers of electrode, interconnect and electrolyte materials and sintering the green lamina together under common densification conditions.
Time Resolved Diffusion Tomographic Image Reconstruction in Highly Scattering Turbid Media (1996)

Image of objects hidden in highly scattering media was reconstructed using a new fast and noise-resistant algorithm applied to the optical diffusion tomography. Temporal intensities slices at multiple times of scattered profiles from multiple source-detector pairs are used as experimental input data to form an image.
Expression of EGFRvIII in brain tumor stem cells (2008)

2002 Background: The presence of cancer stem cells (CSCs) has been demonstrated for glioblastomas (GBMs) and medulloblastomas. To target brain tumor CSCs and not normal stem cells, it would be desirable to identify specific markers. CD133+ has been used to isolate CSCs, but is also present on neural and hematopoietic stem cells. A tumor specific alteration of the EGF receptor, EGFRvIII, is present in many solid tumors, making it ideal for targeted therapies. We asked if EGFRvIII is expressed in brain tumor CSCs. Methods: Freshly resected brain tumors were dissociated using a modified protocol to preserve cell surface makers. Cells were then directly propagated in defined serum free stem cell growth media or first sorted for CD133 and EGFRvIII using FACS and then grown in defined media. Western blots and/or RT-PCR was used to analyze cells for expression of EGFRvIII and stem cell markers. Results: Tumor spheres were isolated from all brain tumors attempted: 11 GBMs, 1 ependymoma, 2 medulloblastomas and 1 atypical teratoid/rhabdoid tumor. All primary tumor spheres could form secondary tumor spheres, indicating an ability to self-renew. 8 of 11 GBM tumor spheres were positive for EGFRvIII, as well as 1/1 ependymoma, 1/2 medulloblastomas and 1/1 AT/RT. While EGFRvIII is rapidly lost when brain tumors are maintained in culture, EGFRvIII expression was present for up to 3 months in the tumor spheres. To verify this was an enriched stem-cell population, we showed co-expression of EGFRvIII with the stem cell markers CD133, Sox2, and nestin. EGFRvIII expression was lost when the tumor spheres were exposed to differentiation conditions (serum, NT3, BMP, BDNF and GDNF), suggesting EGFRvIII expression is limited to CSCs. In FACS sorted GBM cells, EGFRvIII was co-expressed with a high fraction (70±8%, n=8) of the CD133+ population, confirming EGFRvIII is present on CSCs. In an in-vitro limiting dilution assay, EGFRvIII+/CD133+ cells from GBM tumors (n=3) have an approximately 2–3 fold higher propensity to form spheres compared to the presence of EGFRvIII or CD133 alone, while EGFRvIII-/CD133- cells showed little viability. Conclusions: These data suggest that EGFRvIII is frequently expressed in GBM tumor stem cells and may be present in other types of brain tumor CSCs. The EGFRvIII+ population is more viable and so it may be a useful marker to define CSCs. Author Disclosure Employment or Leadership Consultant or Advisory Role Stock Ownership Honoraria Research Expert Testimony Other Remuneration Celldex Therapeutics Celldex Therapeutics
Salinamides, Antiinflammatory Depsipeptides from a Marine Streptomycete (1999)

In addition to the previously reported antiinflammatory agents salinamides A and B from the marine isolate Streptomyces sp. CNB-091, three minor peptides are described. Their total structures were established using a combination of spectral and chemical techniques. Revised structures are presented for the bicyclic depsipeptides salinamides A and B on the basis of the analysis of the dansylated salinamide A hydrolysate by chiral capillary electrophoresis. The fermentation yield of salinamide D, which contains a d-valine residue in place of the d-isoleucine moiety in salinamide A, can be dramatically increased 30-fold by supplementing the growth media with l-valine. Salinamides C and E are monocyclic depsipeptides that are likely methylated byproducts of salinamide A biosynthetic intermediates.
Information Transfer of Control Strategies: Dualities of Stochastic Optimal Control Theory and Feedback Capacity of Information Theory (2017)

The control-coding capacity of stochastic control systems is introduced, and its operational meaning is established using randomized control strategies, which simultaneously control output processes encode information, and communicate information from control processes to output processes. The control-coding capacity is the analog Shannon's coding-capacity of noisy channels. Furthermore, duality relations to stochastic optimal control problems with deterministic and randomized control strategies are identified including the following. First, extremum problems of stochastic optimal control with directed information payoff are equivalent to feedback capacity problems of information theory, in which the control system act as a communication channel. Second, for Gaussian linear decision models with average quadratic constraints, it is shown that optimal randomized strategies are Gaussian, and decompose into a deterministic part and a random part. The deterministic part is precisely the optimal strategy of the linear quadratic Gaussian stochastic optimal control problem, whereas the random part is the solution of an water-filling information transmission problem that encodes information, which is estimated by a decoder.
Infrared spectroscopic imaging for label-free and automated histopathology (2010)

Infrared spectroscopic imaging is used to classify tissue into cell types and diseases without stains or human supervision. Human-competitive performance in cancer detection is achieved by combining infrared imaging, chemometrics, image analysis and optical theory.
Unsupervised Abnormality Detection in Video Surveillance (2005)

{nanri, otsu} @ isi.imi.i.u-tokyo.ac.jp The detection of abnormal movements is an important problem in video surveillance applications. We propose an unsupervised method for abnormal movement detection in scenes containing multiple persons. Our method uses cubic higher-order local auto-correlation (CHLAC) to extract movement features. We show that the additive property of CHLAC in combination with a linear subspace method is well suited to simplify the learning of normal movements and to detect abnormal movements even in scenes containing multiple persons. One particular advantage of this method is that it does not necessitate the object segmentation and tracking and also any prior knowledge about objects. Some experimental results are shown to exhibit the validity of the method. 1