gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Kaskade: Graph Views for Efficient Graph Analytics (2020)

Graphs are a natural way to model real-world entities and relationships between them, ranging from social networks to data lineage graphs and biological datasets. Queries over these large graphs often involve expensive sub-graph traversals and complex analytical computations. These real-world graphs are often substantially more structured than a generic vertex-and-edge model would suggest, but this insight has remained mostly unexplored by existing graph engines for graph query optimization purposes. In this work, we leverage structural properties of graphs and queries to automatically derive materialized graph views that can dramatically speed up query evaluation. We present Kaskade, the first graph query optimization framework to exploit materialized graph views for query optimization purposes. Kaskade employs a novel constraint-based view enumeration technique that mines constraints from query workloads and graph schemas, and injects them during view enumeration to significantly reduce the search space of views to be considered. Moreover, it introduces a graph view size estimator to pick the most beneficial views to materialize given a query set and to select the best query evaluation plan given a set of materialized views. We evaluate its performance over real-world graphs, including the provenance graph that we maintain at Microsoft to enable auditing, service analytics, and advanced system optimizations. Our results show that Kaskade substantially reduces the effective graph size and yields significant performance speedups (up to 50X), in some cases making otherwise intractable queries possible.
An In-Network Architecture for Accelerating Shared-Memory Multiprocessor Collectives (2020)

The slowdown of single-chip performance scaling combined with the growing demands of computing ever larger problems efficiently has led to a renewed interest in distributed architectures and specialized hardware. Dedicated accelerators for common or critical operations are becoming cost-effective additions to processors, peripherals, and networks. In this paper we focus on one such operation, the All-Reduce, which is both a common and critical feature of neural network training. All-Reduce is impossible to fully parallelize and difficult to amortize, so it benefits greatly from hardware acceleration. We are proposing an accelerator-centric, shared-memory network that improves All-Reduce performance through in-network reductions, as well as accelerating other collectives like Multicast. We propose switch designs to support in-network computation, including two reduction methods that offer trade-offs in implementation complexity and performance. Additionally, we propose network endpoint modifications to further improve collectives. We present simulation results for a 16 GPU system showing that our collective acceleration design improves the All-Reduce operation by up to 2x for large messages and up to 18x for small messages when compared with a state-of-the-art software algorithm, leading up to 1.4x faster DL training times for networks like Transformer. We demonstrate that this design is scalable to large systems and present results for up to 128 GPUs.
Variance as a Stopping Criterion for Genetic Algorithms with Elitist Model (2012)

Genetic Algorithm (GA) has now become one of the leading mechanisms in providing solution to complex optimization problems. Although widely used, there are very few theoretical guidelines for determining when to stop the algorithm. This article establishes theoretically that the variance of the best fitness values obtained in the iterations can be considered as a measure to decide the termination criterion of a GA with elitist model (EGA). The criterion automatically takes into account the inherent characteristics of the objective function. Implementation issues of the proposed stopping criterion are explained. Its difference with some other stopping criteria is also critically analyzed.
Hybrid-SDN for packet transport: The horizontal split (2015)

Network operators are seeking for solutions to make their networks innovation-ready, as they intend to adapt transport networks more easily to continuously changing requirements. The emerging SDN concept and its related technologies are discussed widely in the industry as a promising tool-set in order to provide increased programmability for transport. However, the SDN concept itself, when applied to packet networks, creates a significant gap between traditional networking practice and solely centrally controlled SDN network. This paper focuses on a Hybrid-SDN approach, which is able to narrow this gap via a more natural split of local and remote control functions. The described horizontal split keeps the impact on network design and operation less revolutionary and therefore such a Hybrid-SDN approach could provide a more realistic introduction of SDN in real transport network scenarios.
Adaptive neural network-based state filter for induction motor speed estimation (2003)

Effective sensorless speed estimation is desirable for both online condition monitoring of induction motors and sensorless adjustable speed AC drive applications. In this paper, the authors present a neural network-based sensorless adaptive speed filter for induction motors. In addition to nameplate information required for the initial set-up, the proposed neural network-based speed filter uses only actual motor currents and voltages. The initial training of the filter helps in obtaining quite acceptable transient speed response from the estimation algorithm. The paper demonstrates the feasibility of adaptive speed filtering for induction motor which could be used for both diagnosis and control purposes.
Toxicity of anticancer agents mediated by electroporation in vitro (2000)

Electroporation is a physical event that temporarily reduces cell membrane barrier properties. Diminished membrane barrier properties are achieved by exposing cells to pulsed electric fields. When a cell has been treated with electric fields it is possible for extracellular agents to gain access to the cell interior. This process has been used in vivo to increase the uptake of chemotherapeutic agents by tumor cells which results in dramatically higher response rates than when drug is used alone. This type of treatment is called electrochemotherapy (ECT); bleomycin is most often used as the drug for this type of treatment. It was hypothesized that electroporation could be used to augment the cytotoxicity of other anticancer agents. Therefore, this study was performed in order to screen 44 different combinations of drug and cell type in vitro to identify drugs that may have higher cytotoxicity when combined with electroporation. Results from seven cell types indicate that the IC50 of bleomycin can be reduced by a factor of 100-5000 when electroporation is used to facilitate internalization. The IC50 values of cisplatin and carboplatin could be reduced by factors ranging from 3 to 13 in six different cell lines as a result of electroporation. These IC50 reductions in multiple cell lines suggest that cisplatin and carboplatin may be effective in vivo as part of ECT treatment.
Incipient Fault Identification-Based Protection for a Photovoltaic DC Integration System (2021)

In a photovoltaic (PV) DC integration system, a DC line-to-line short-circuit fault will cause all converters to be quickly locked. This can result in the sustained outage of the system. In this study, to address this problem, a protection method based on incipient fault identification is proposed to quickly identify and isolate the faulty branch, and to prevent the incipient fault from developing into a short-circuit fault. By analyzing the frequency characteristics of the incipient fault current, a disturbance injection start criterion is formed. Then, by using the converter to inject small disturbance signals to form obvious fault characteristics, the location and isolation of the faulty area can be achieved in time. The loop simulation results based on real-time digital simulator (RTDS) hardware demonstrate that the proposed method accurately recognizes the incipient fault without affecting the system power quality, and can simultaneously isolate the incipient fault. These factors provide guarantees for the safe and efficient operation of PV DC integration systems.
Detection of Alzheimer's disease at mild cognitive impairment and disease progression using autoantibodies as blood‐based biomarkers (2016)

Autoantibodies can be used as noninvasive and effective blood-based biomarkers for early diagnosis and staging of AD.
Production and Dynamic Mechanical Analysis of Macro-Scale Functionalized Polydicyclopentadiene Objects Facilitated by Rational Synthesis and Reaction Injection Molding (2019)

Polydicyclopentadiene (PDCPD) is a ring-opening metathesis polymer derived from dicyclopentadiene. Valued for its light weight, excellent material strength, and good performance at both high and low temperatures, PDCPD is used to make body panels for tractors and heavy-duty trucks. We recently described the first functionalized form of PDCPD (fPDCPD) that maintains the thermal stability of the parent polymer. However, while commercial PDCPD components are produced through a reaction injection molding process on a very large scale, our fPDCPD polymer was developed on a small scale and has not been shown to be a viable substrate for reaction injection molding processes. Here we address these limitations by providing an improved synthesis of the fDCPD monomer mixture on a half-kilo scale and describing a method for separating the polymerizable monomer from other nonpolymerizable regioisomers without chromatography. We further demonstrate a reaction injection molding process for the creation of prototype fPDCPD components. Together, these increases in scale and advances in small object manufacturing facilitate the production of regular-dimensioned samples for dynamic mechanical analysis, permitting the first direct comparison of the mechanical properties of C-linked ester-functionalized PDCPD with those of unmodified PDCPD. Additionally, by using monomers of different regioisomer purity, products are achieved encompassing a broad range of glass transition temperatures and storage/loss moduli.
All‐Solid‐State Lithium–Sulfur Battery with High Energy and Power Densities at the Cell Level (2015)

Abstract The performance of an all‐solid‐state lithium–sulfur battery, comprised of a positive composite electrode with high P/S ratio (number of phosphorus atoms/number of sulfur atoms) and solid electrolyte, is investigated at 25 °C at several loading weights of the positive electrode. The activation energy is nearly independent of the loading weight of the positive composite electrode. This suggests that influence of the sulfur reactivity is significantly larger than those of the ionic and electric conductivities. This positive composite electrode provides a capacity of above 1550 mAh g −1 (sulfur) at 1.3 mA cm −2 and above 6600 W kg −1 (sulfur) at 50 % state‐of‐charge for a loading weight of 8.3 mg cm −2 . Moreover, in using this positive electrode, the energy and power densities are estimated to be 520 Wh kg −1 (970 Wh L −1 ) and 1230 W kg −1 (2300 W L −1 ), respectively, at the cell level (18650). Furthermore, the cycling performance of the cell with this composite positive electrode is excellent over several hundred cycles.
Molecular Engineering of Efficacious Mono-Valent Ultra-Long Acting Two-Chain Insulin-Fc Conjugates (2022)

Here, we describe molecular engineering of monovalent ultra-long acting two-chain insulin-Fc conjugates. Insulin-Fc conjugates were synthesized using trifunctional linkers with one amino reactive group for reaction with a lysine residue of insulin and two thiol reactive groups used for re-bridging of a disulfide bond within the Fc molecule. The ultra-long pharmacokinetic profile of the insulin-Fc conjugates was the result of concertedly slowing insulin receptor-mediated clearance by (1) introduction of amino acid substitutions that lowered the insulin receptor affinity and (2) conjugating insulin to the Fc element. Fc conjugation leads to recycling by the neonatal Fc receptor and increase in the molecular size, both contributing to the ultra-long pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic profiles.
Distillation of nonstabilizer states for universal quantum computation (2013)

Magic-state distillation is a fundamental technique for realizing fault-tolerant universal quantum computing and produces high-fidelity Clifford eigenstates, called magic states, which can be used to implement the non-Clifford $\ensuremath{\pi}/8$ gate. We propose an efficient protocol for distilling other nonstabilizer states that requires only Clifford operations, measurement, and magic states. One critical application of our protocol is efficiently and fault-tolerantly implementing arbitrary, non-Clifford, single-qubit rotations in, on average, constant online circuit depth and polylogarithmic (in precision) offline resource cost, resulting in significant improvements over state-of-the-art decomposition techniques. Finally, we show that our protocol is robust to noise in the resource states.
Parametric Error Correction for Imaging Systems (2007)

An algorithm is introduced that removes systematic distortions from imaging systems, resulting in improved attitude and orbit determination, image navigation and registration, and output image product performance from a current geosynchronous remote sensing meteorological satellite. Positive identification, predicted positioning and imaging of visible landmarks, Infrared landmarks and visible stars are greatly improved, leading to a marked augmentation of the spacecraft’s capabilities at a low engineering cost. The Parametric Systematic Error Correction (ParSEC) eliminates the effects of systematic errors and distortions in Image Navigation and Registration (INR) systems common to remote sensing missions without requiring costly engineering directed to discovering and correcting actual error sources. When integrated into a closed loop INR system, ParSEC improves observation location predictions as well as attitude and orbit determination capabilities for remote sensing satellite missions. The end image product is positively influenced, as ParSEC improves the accuracy of the coastline fixed grid overlays to better match the coastlines in the actual earth images taken by a camera on a moving satellite, demonstrated on the MTSAT-1R satellite.
Beyond Creation of Mesoporosity: The Advantages of Polymer‐Based Dual‐Function Templates for Fabricating Hierarchical Zeolites (2016)

Direct synthesis of hierarchical zeolites currently relies on the use of surfactant‐based templates to produce mesoporosity by the random stacking of 2D zeolite sheets or the agglomeration of tiny zeolite grains. The benefits of using nonsurfactant polymers as dual‐function templates in the fabrication of hierarchical zeolites are demonstrated. First, the minimal intermolecular interactions of nonsurfactant polymers impose little interference on the crystallization of zeolites, favoring the formation of 3D continuous zeolite frameworks with a long‐range order. Second, the mutual interpenetration of the polymer and the zeolite networks renders disordered but highly interconnected mesopores in zeolite crystals. These two factors allow for the synthesis of single‐crystalline, mesoporous zeolites of varied compositions and framework types. A representative example, hierarchial aluminosilicate (meso‐ZSM‐5), has been carefully characterized. It has a unique branched fibrous structure, and far outperforms bulk aluminosilicate (ZSM‐5) as a catalyst in two model reactions: conversion of methanol to aromatics and catalytic cracking of canola oil. Third, extra functional groups in the polymer template can be utilized to incorporate desired functionalities into hierarchical zeolites. Last and most importantly, polymer‐based templates permit heterogeneous nucleation and growth of mesoporous zeolites on existing surfaces, forming a continuous zeolitic layer. In a proof‐of‐concept experiment, unprecedented core–shell‐structured hierarchical zeolites are synthesized by coating mesoporous zeolites on the surfaces of bulk zeolites.
Proposal of Pressure Differentiator Applying the Principle of Isothermal Chamber (2004)

With the increasing demand for quick and precise pressure control, measuring the higher response signal (i.e. flux) is required. Formally, in a pressure servo control system, first, pressure in a tank is measured by a pressure sensor, and then, estimation of the flux (as seen in D-PI control systems) or predictive control have been conducted. But if the flux itself can be measured, it contributes to raise the controllability. In this paper, a pressure differentiator applying the principle of isothermal chamber is proposed. Firstly, the principle and the design method of the sensor are discussed. Then, the simulation and experiment are conducted and the results show the effectiveness of the proposed apparatus, and its possibility to future applications.
Reusable solid-phase supports for oligonucleotides and antisense therapeuticsElectronic supplementary information (ESI) available: CGE data for octathymidine phosphodiester sequences on supports P1â€“5, P7, P9, and P11â€“13 PAGE data for phosphorothioate products, dimethoxytrityl analysis and UV measurements on supports P1â€“7, P9 and P15, step listing for ABI394 DNA synthesizer and CGE and HPLC data for phosporothioate syntheses on support P3. See http://www.rsc.org/suppdata/p1/b1/b105089n/ (2001)

A general method for oligonucleotide synthesis on reusable solid-phase supports has been developed which will significantly lower the cost of large-scale synthesis. It consists of five steps: 1, nucleoside attachment to an hydroxy derivatized support through a Q-linker (hydroquinone-O,O′-diacetic acid) linker arm; 2, chloro-acetylation of unreacted surface groups; 3, conventional phosphodiester or phosphorothioate oligonucleotide synthesis; 4, cleavage from the support with aqueous or anhydrous ammonia; and 5, support regeneration with methanolic potassium carbonate. The recycling process is fast, fully automatable, and does not require removal of the support from the synthesis column. Fifteen solid-phase supports were evaluated with glycerol-CPG providing the best results. Consecutive syntheses of ISIS 2302, a dGCCCAAGCTGGCATCCGTCA phosphorothioate sequence, on the same synthesis column were performed. A glycerol-CPG synthesis column was satisfactorily used six consecutive times when NH4OH was the cleavage reagent. However, anhydrous NH3 allowed twelve consecutive syntheses without any deterioration in support loading, product quality, or amount of product produced. An improved method for preparing the essential nucleoside-3′-hemiesters of the Q-Linker and an unexpectedly slower rate of cleavage for phosphorothioate DNA vs. phosphodiester DNA are also described.
Subunit Stoichiometry of Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 Envelope Glycoprotein Trimers during Virus Entry into Host Cells (2006)

The envelope glycoproteins of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) function as a homotrimer of gp120/gp41 heterodimers to support virus entry. During the process of virus entry, an individual HIV-1 envelope glycoprotein trimer binds the cellular receptors CD4 and CCR5/CXCR4 and mediates the fusion of the viral and the target cellular membranes. By studying the function of heterotrimers between wild-type and nonfunctional mutant envelope glycoproteins, we found that two wild-type subunits within an envelope glycoprotein trimer are required to support virus entry. Complementation between HIV-1 envelope glycoprotein mutants defective in different functions to allow virus entry was not evident. These results assist our understanding of the mechanisms whereby the HIV-1 envelope glycoproteins mediate virus entry and membrane fusion and guide attempts to inhibit these processes.
Hidden Caves in an Aggregate of Single-Wall Carbon Nanohorns Found by Using Gd<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> Probes (2009)

We investigated the inner structure of an aggregate made of single-wall carbon nanohorns (SWNHs). This structure has not been clarified because the thousands of SWNHs are densely packed and difficult to observe directly by electron microscopy. We used Gd2O3 as a probe for the electron microscope observation: Gd2O3 was confined inside SWNH via the incorporation of Gd acetate inside SWNHs with holes opened (NHox), followed by heat treatment at 1200 °C in Ar gas. From microscopic study, we found that Gd2O3 formed clumped crystals with sizes of 7−21 nm around the center of the SWNH aggregates, suggesting that there were 10−20-nm caves near the aggregate’s center.
Alignment of the first metatarsal-phalangeal joint: important criteria for a new joint replacement (1989)

Joint replacement is one of many options for the treatment of the first metatarsophalangeal (MTP) joint. Studies of the geometry of that joint have shown that it consists of two distinct articulations, the metatarsophalangeal and the MT-sesamoidal. Both are important, but the MT-sesamoidal tolerates only small deviations from an ideal alignment. The aim of this study was to investigate the alignment of the first MTP joint of a potential patient population, in order to design an optimal surface replacement. One measurement, the extension angle between the MT and the proximal phalanx was found to be the most important alignment criterion for the successful design of an implant and the necessary instruments. This angle controls the delicate interplay between the metatarsal head and the sesamoids and tolerates only small deviations from the normal range before the chance of sesamoidal subluxation increases significantly. The pre-operative knowledge of this and other alignment criteria is important for the ideal placement of an anatomical implant.
Scalable Multi-query Optimization for SPARQL (2012)

This paper revisits the classical problem of multi-query optimization in the context of RDF/SPARQL. We show that the techniques developed for relational and semi-structured data/query languages are hard, if not impossible, to be extended to account for RDF data model and graph query patterns expressed in SPARQL. In light of the NP-hardness of the multi-query optimization for SPARQL, we propose heuristic algorithms that partition the input batch of queries into groups such that each group of queries can be optimized together. An essential component of the optimization incorporates an efficient algorithm to discover the common sub-structures of multiple SPARQL queries and an effective cost model to compare candidate execution plans. Since our optimization techniques do not make any assumption about the underlying SPARQL query engine, they have the advantage of being portable across different RDF stores. The extensive experimental studies, performed on three popular RDF stores, show that the proposed techniques are effective, efficient and scalable.
Demonstrations of diode - pumped and grating - tuned ZnSe:Cr2+ lasers (1997)

A diode-side-pumped ZnSe:Cr2+ laser was operated with a 75 - Watt peak power 1.65 µm InGaAsPAnP pump array. The laser was configured with a “single-bounce” architecture to maximize its round-trip gain. Peak output powers of ~0.3 Watt were obtained with a 10% - transmitting output coupler and a lightly-doped crystal. The estimated “mode fill” of ~0.06 will increase with Cr2+ concentration, raising the output power and extraction efficiency. With a grating tuner and MgF2:Co2+ laser pumping, the laser tuned throughout the 2134 - 2799 nm range.