gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Multi-View Clustering and Semi-Supervised Classification with Adaptive Neighbours (2017)

Due to the efficiency of learning relationships and complex structures hidden in data, graph-oriented methods have been widely investigated and achieve promising performance in multi-view learning. Generally, these learning algorithms construct informative graph for each view or fuse different views to one graph, on which the following procedure are based. However, in many real world dataset, original data always contain noise and outlying entries that result in unreliable and inaccurate graphs, which cannot be ameliorated in the previous methods. In this paper, we propose a novel multi-view learning model which performs clustering/semi-supervised classification and local structure learning simultaneously. The obtained optimal graph can be partitioned into specific clusters directly. Moreover, our model can allocate ideal weight for each view automatically without additional weight and penalty parameters. An efficient algorithm is proposed to optimize this model. Extensive experimental results on different real-world datasets show that the proposed model outperforms other state-of-the-art multi-view algorithms.
On the organization and thermal behavior of functional groups on Ti <sub>3</sub> C <sub>2</sub> MXene surfaces in vacuum (2017)

The two-dimensional (2D) MXene Ti(3)C(2)Tx is functionalized by surface groups (T-x) that determine its surface properties for, e.g. electrochemical applications. The coordination and thermal properties of these surface groups has, to date, not been investigated at the atomic level, despite strong variations in the MXene properties that are predicted from different coordinations and from the identity of the functional groups. To alleviate this deficiency, and to characterize the functionalized surfaces of single MXene sheets, the present investigation combines atomically resolved in situ heating in a scanning transmission electron microscope (STEM) and STEM simulations with temperature-programmed x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (TP-XPS) in the room temperature to 750 degrees C range. Using these techniques, we follow the surface group coordination at the atomic level. It is concluded that the F and O atoms compete for the DFT-predicted thermodynamically preferred site and that at room temperature that site is mostly occupied by F. At higher temperatures, F desorbs and is replaced by O. Depending on the O/F ratio, the surface bare MXene is exposed as F desorbs, which enables a route for tailored surface functionalization.
Performance enhancement of sigma-delta modulator D-A converters using non-linear techniques (2002)

A new non-linear algorithm is presented for enhancing the performance of 1-bit sigma-delta modulator digital-to-analogue converters. The basis of the technique is to modify the operation of the quantizer in the loop so that a high pass quantization error is produced. This provides additional attenuation of quantization noise in the baseband, giving an increase in resolution synonymous with an increase in loop order. The algorithm is analysed and shown to be equivalent to a particular class of adaptive modulator. Furthermore, it is shown that the new algorithm has improved linearity over the standard modulator.
Microbiome in Reflux Disorders and Esophageal Adenocarcinoma (2014)

The incidence of esophageal adenocarcinoma has increased dramatically in the United States and Europe since the 1970s without apparent cause. Although specific host factors can affect risk of disease, such a rapid increase in incidence must be predominantly environmental. In the stomach, infection with Helicobacter pylori has been linked to chronic atrophic gastritis, an inflammatory precursor of gastric adenocarcinoma. However, the role of H. pylori in the development of esophageal adenocarcinoma is not well established. Meanwhile, several studies have established that a complex microbiome in the distal esophagus might play a more direct role. Transformation of the microbiome in precursor states to esophageal adenocarcinoma-reflux esophagitis and Barrett metaplasia-from a predominance of gram-positive bacteria to mostly gram-negative bacteria raises the possibility that dysbiosis is contributing to pathogenesis. However, knowledge of the microbiome in esophageal adenocarcinoma itself is lacking. Microbiome studies open a new avenue to the understanding of the etiology and pathogenesis of reflux disorders.
Evaluating Educational Programs (1981)

(1981). Evaluating Educational Programs. The Review of Education: Vol. 7, No. 1, pp. 19-22.
A Square-Wave Current Inverter for Aircraft-Mounted Electromagnetic Surveying Systems (2004)

An inverter topology that has been developed for geophysical surveying applications makes it possible to achieve very fast current reversal in magnetic field coils. The inverter also makes it possible to generate waveforms that contain a variable high-frequency spectrum superimposed on a high-amplitude low-frequency fundamental. A feature, which is attractive from an implementation point of view, is that a low-voltage source such as a battery can be combined with high-voltage transistors to meet high dynamic requirements. Two variations of the topology are discussed, namely, a clamped and unclamped version. The proposed inverter was successfully implemented in two aircraft-mounted geophysical surveying systems achieving substantial performance improvement over the older systems. A 40-kW system was constructed for a fixed-wing aircraft and a smaller, battery-operated system was implemented on a helicopter.
Repeated infection with Opisthorchis viverrini induces accumulation of 8-nitroguanine and 8-oxo-7,8-dihydro-2'-deoxyguanine in the bile duct of hamsters via inducible nitric oxide synthase (2004)

Opisthorchis viverrini has been postulated to be a risk factor for cholangiocarcinoma. To clarify the mechanism of carcinogenesis induced by repeated O.viverrini infection, we investigated the timecourse of 8-nitroguanine and 8-oxo-7,8-dihydro-2 H -deoxyguanosine (8-oxodG) formation, inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) expression, nitric oxide production and pathological features in hamsters with two (2-IF) or three (3-IF) O.viverrini infections. Inflammatory cell infiltration triggered by repeated infection (3-IF 4 2-IF 4 1-IF) was earlier than by single infection (1-IF). HPLC coupled with an electrochemical detector revealed that 8-oxodG level in the liver was the highest on day 3 in 3-IF and day 7 in 2-IF, earlier than that on day 21 in 1-IF. Notably, a double immunofluorescence study revealed that formation of 8-nitroguanine and 8-oxodG appeared to increase in the epithelium of bile ducts in the order 3-IF 4 2-IF 4 1-IF after the decrease in inflammatory cells. This may be explained by the fact that repeated infection increased iNOS expression in the epithelium of bile ducts in the order 3-IF 4 2-IF 4 1-IF on day 90. Proliferating cell nuclear antigen accumulated in the epithelium of bile ducts on day 90 after repeated O.viverrini infection, supporting the hypothesis that cell proliferation was promoted by inflammation-mediated DNA damage. In conclusion, more frequent O.viverrini infection can induce the expression of iNOS not only in inflammatory cells but also in the epithelium of bile ducts and subsequently cause nitrosative and oxidative damage to nucleic acids, which may participate in the initiation and/or promotion steps of cholangiocarcinoma development.
VCP Mutations Causing Frontotemporal Lobar Degeneration Disrupt Localization of TDP-43 and Induce Cell Death (2009)

Frontotemporal lobar degeneration (FTLD) with inclusion body myopathy and Paget disease of bone is a rare, autosomal dominant disorder caused by mutations in the VCP (valosin-containing protein) gene. The disease is characterized neuropathologically by frontal and temporal lobar atrophy, neuron loss and gliosis, and ubiquitin-positive inclusions (FTLD-U), which are distinct from those seen in other sporadic and familial FTLD-U entities. The major component of the ubiquitinated inclusions of FTLD with VCP mutation is TDP-43 (TAR DNA-binding protein of 43 kDa). TDP-43 proteinopathy links sporadic amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, sporadic FTLD-U, and most familial forms of FTLD-U. Understanding the relationship between individual gene defects and pathologic TDP-43 will facilitate the characterization of the mechanisms leading to neurodegeneration. Using cell culture models, we have investigated the role of mutant VCP in intracellular trafficking, proteasomal function, and cell death and demonstrate that mutations in the VCP gene 1) alter localization of TDP-43 between the nucleus and cytosol, 2) decrease proteasome activity, 3) induce endoplasmic reticulum stress, 4) increase markers of apoptosis, and 5) impair cell viability. These results suggest that VCP mutation-induced neurodegeneration is mediated by several mechanisms.
The quality of training sample estimates of the Bhattacharyya coefficient (1990)

The quality, in terms of the bias and variance, of estimates of the Bhattacharyya coefficient based on n training samples from two classes described by multivariate Gaussian distributions is considered. The case where the classes are described by a common covariance matrix, as well as the case where each class is described by a different covariance matrix, is analyzed. Expressions for the bias and the variance of estimates of the Bhattacharyya coefficient are derived, and numerical examples are used to show the relationship between these parameters, the number of training samples, and the dimensionality of the observation space.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Reliable Loop Topologies for Large Local Computer Networks (1985)

Single-loop networks tend to become unreliable when the number of nodes in the network becomes large. Reliability can be improved using double loops. In this paper a highly reliable and efficient double-loop network architecture is proposed and analyzed. This network is based on forward loop backward hop topology, with a loop in the forward direction connecting all the neighboring nodes, and a backward loop connecting nodes that are separated by a distance ⌊√N⌋where N is the number of nodes in the network. It is shown that this topology is optimal, among this class of double-loop networks, in terms of diameter, average hop distance, processing overhead, delay, throughput, and reliability. The paper includes derivation of closed form expressions for diameter and average hop distance, throughput, and number of distinct routes between two farthest nodes. For fault-tolerance study, the effect of node and link failures on the performance of the network is analyzed. A simple distributed routing algorithm for reliable loop network operation is also presented.
Next generation biorefineries will solve the food, biofuels, and environmental trilemma in the energy–food–water nexus (2013)

Abstract The future roles of biomass and carbohydrate for meeting needs of food/feed, renewable materials, and transportation fuels (biofuels) remain controversial due to numerous issues, such as increasing food and feed needs, constraints of natural resources (land, water, phosphate, biomass, etc.), and limitations of natural photosynthesis, as well as competing energy conversion pathways and technologies. The goal of this opinion article is to clarify the future roles of biomass and biorefineries using quantitative data other than adjective words. In most scenarios, human beings could have enough biomass resource from plant photosynthesis for meeting the three goals at the same time: feeding 9 billion people, providing renewable materials, and producing transportation biofuels that could replace nearly all fossil fuel‐based liquid fuels used in the land transportation in 2050. Land transport means will pass through transitions from internal combustion engines plus liquid fuels, to hybrid systems, to hydrogen fuel cell vehicles (FCVs), while battery electric vehicles (BEVs) could play a minor role. Next generation biorefineries based on artificial photosynthesis featuring ultra‐high energy efficiency and low‐water consumption could produce a large amount of carbohydrate and/or other biocommodities from hydrogen/electricity and CO 2 . In conclusion, it is time to develop next generation biorefineries, which will efficiently utilize nonfood biomass for the coproduction of multiple products from biofuels, biochemicals, to food/feed, and even store electricity/hydrogen by fixing CO 2 to carbon‐containing chemicals and biofuels. Next generation biorefineries will address the food, biofuels, and environment trilemma at the same time.
자아성찰일기쓰기 경험의 치유적 의미 - 사랑욕구 중심으로 - (2019)

본 연구의 목적은 사랑욕구의 자기성찰일기쓰기에서 관찰되는 사고, 정서, 행동패턴 등을 탐색하고 치유적 인식의 변화과정에 대해 개념화하고자 한다. 사랑욕구의 치유적 의미를 Jeffrey Young의 심리적 도식 패턴으로부터의 변화, Pennebaker의 털어놓기과정을 통해 거짓자기에서 참자기로 나아가는 과정으로 탐색한다. 연 구기간은 2019년 3월부터 2019년 10월까지 약 8개월에 걸쳐 이루어졌으며, 성찰일기 문서자료 수집 위주로 진행되었다. 연구결과로는 첫째, 패턴관찰하기이다. 자기성찰일기에서 나타나고 있는 사고적 패턴은 주는 행위 이면에 심리적 보상을 요구하고 바라는 태도가 관찰되었고, 정서적 패턴은 타인으로부터 심리적으로 무시당하고 버림받았다고 여겨서 화가 나고 서운하고 섭섭해 하는 감정상태가 나타나며, 암묵적인 표현으로 감정을 억압하며, 불현 듯 격분을 하며 화를 내는 행동패턴이 관찰되었다. 둘째，관찰된 패턴을 치유하기이다. 이러한 사고, 정서, 행동패턴이 주는 치유적 의미로는 ‘사랑받고 싶다’는 핵심욕구에 의해 형성되어 온 타인의 요구, 기대에 맞추어진 거짓자기를 온전한 참자기로 인식하고 정리하면서 자기인식，타인수용, 객관적 상황조망 이라는 것으로 나타났다.
이 연구를 통하여 자기성찰일기쓰기는 자기를 객관화하는데 도움을 주어 자기개성화，자기개별화，자기실 현화에 도움이 될 수 있음을 알 수 있다. 향후 연구로는 다른 유형의 경우에도 패턴을 인식하는 내면 작업 의 연구가 필요할 것으로 보인다.
A Discussion on the Accuracy and Performance of Local Stereo Algorithms for Stereo Correspondence (2011)

Stereo vision aims at inferring 3D information from two images of the same scene simultaneously acquired from two different viewpoints. Due to the large number of application scenarios that can take advantage of 3D information, this topic received a lot of attentions in the last decades. In this paper we’ll focus our attention on recent local state of the art algorithms that adapttheir supports to image content discussing their accuracy and performance.
Advances in cancer gene therapy (1999)

It is well established that most cancers result from a series of accumulated, acquired genetic lesions in somatic cells that are faithfully reproduced until a malignant clone is created, which is ultimately able to destroy the host. To a larger and larger extent, the genetic lesions associated with malignant transformation and progression in a wide variety of human cancers are being identified. Armed with this knowledge of the molecular anatomy of the cancer cell, gene therapy has emerged as a new method of therapeutic and possibly preventive intervention against cancer targeted at the level of cellular gene expression. This review highlights current strategies and significant developments being employed in gene therapy for neoplastic diseases. Three main approaches currently being investigated are mutation compensation, molecular chemotherapy, and genetic immunotherapy. Mutation compensation relies on strategies to ablate activated oncogenes at the level of DNA (triplex), messenger RNA (antisense or ribozyme) or protein (intracellular single chain antibodies), and augment tumour suppresser gene expression. Molecular chemotherapy uses the delivery of a toxin gene to tumour cells for eradication. This can be accomplished by either transductional targeting, whereby the toxin is specifically delivered to the tumour, or by transcriptional targeting, whereby tumour specific transcriptional activators are employed to selectively ‘turn on’ the toxin gene exclusively within the tumour. Genetic immunotherapy refers to the treatment based upon the induction of a specific immune response against tumour associated antigens (TAAs). The main objective of this therapy is to reinforce and bolster the immune system of the cancer-bearing host resulting in rejection of the tumour. In this context, for each of these conceptual approaches, human clinical protocols have entered testing in Phase I, II and III to assess dose escalation, safety, and toxicity issues, and more recently to evaluate efficacy, respectively.
Preserving depth resolution of synthesized images using parallax-map-based dibr for 3D-TV (2010)

Due to the flexibility and efficiency of video-plus-depth 3D video representation format, Depth-Image-Based Rendering (DIBR) has been proposed to create content for 3D-TV. Most previous researches have focused on eliminating areas of disocclusion in synthesized images by smoothing depth-images, which is time-consuming and usually leads to the attenuation of depth-resolution and some artifacts. In this paper, we aim to investigate factors degrading visual quality and attenuating depth-resolution. Based on the investigation, a low-cost and depth-resolution-preserved Parallax-Map-Based DIBR method is then presented. Our method efficiently prevents attenuation of depth resolution and geometric distortions in synthesized images with lower computation resources compared to previous studies, as shown in the experimental results.
Functional characterization of mutant androgen receptors from androgen-independent prostate cancer. (1997)

Mutations in the androgen receptor (AR), that alter steroid hormone specificity have been identified in a series of androgen-independent prostate cancers. To address the functional properties of these mutant ARs that may have contributed to their selection in vivo, responses to a series of steroid hormones and antiandrogens were assessed. CV-1 cells were cotransfected with wild-type or mutant ARs and a luciferase reporter plasmid regulated by an androgen-responsive element. Dose-response curves were analyzed for 5alpha-dihydrotestosterone, the most active androgen in normal prostate, and androstenedione, a major androgen derived from the adrenals. Although the mutant ARs responded to both of these steroids, the responses were equivalent to or less than the wild-type AR. In contrast, responses to flutamide, a competitive antagonist of the wild-type AR, were markedly increased by three of the mutations. Similar responses were observed with a second antiandrogen, nilutamide. Bicalutamide, another antiandrogen related to flutamide, remained an antagonist for these mutant ARs. Finally, flutamide was observed to be a weak partial agonist of the wild-type AR in this system. These results indicate that flutamide used in conjunction with androgen ablation therapy for prostate cancer may select for tumor cells with flutamide-inducible ARs.
Effect of process parameters on succinic acid production in <i>Escherichia coli</i> W3110 and enzymes involved in the reductive tricarboxylic acid cycle (2006)

The effect of process optimization on succinic acid production by Escherichia coli W3110 and on enzymes involved in the reverse tricarboxylic acid cycle was studied. Approximately, 7.02 g L-1 of succinic acid was produced in 60 h at pH 7.0 in 500 mL anaerobic bottles containing 300 mL of the medium, wherein the sucrose concentration was 2.5%, the ratio of tryptone to ammonium hydrogen phosphate was 1:1, and the concentration of magnesium carbon ate was 1.5%. When these optimized fermentation conditions were employed in a 10 L bioreactor, 11.2 g L-1 of succinic acid was produced in 48 h. This is a 10-fold increase in succinic acid production from the initial titer of 0.94 g L-1. This clearly indicates the importance of process optimization, where by manipulating the media composition and production conditions, a remarkable increase in the production of the desired biomolecule can be obtained. The production of succinic acid is a multi-step reaction through the reverse tricarboxylic acid cycle. A linear relationship was observed between succinic acid production and the enzyme activities. The enzyme activities were found to increase in the order phospho-enol-pyruvate carboxylase<malate dehydrogenase<fumarase<fumarate reductase. The activity of phospho-enol-pyruvate carboxykinase was also estimated. Results indicate that this enzyme was not a very active participant in the production of succinic acid, since it catalyzes the phosphorylation of oxaloacetic acid to yield phospho-enol-pyruvate.
Soft-TDMAC: A Software-Based 802.11 Overlay TDMA MAC with Microsecond Synchronization (2011)

We implement a new software-based multihop TDMA MAC protocol (Soft-TDMAC) with microsecond synchronization using a novel system interface for development of 802.11 overlay TDMA MAC protocols (SySI-MAC). SySI-MAC provides a kernel independent message-based interface for scheduling transmissions and sending and receiving 802.11 packets. The key feature of SySI-MAC is that it provides near deterministic timers and transmission times, which allows for implementation of highly synchronized TDMA MAC protocols. Building on SySI-MAC's predictable transmission times, we implement Soft-TDMAC, a software-based 802.11 overlay multihop TDMA MAC protocol. Soft-TDMAC has a synchronization mechanism, which synchronizes all pairs of network clocks to within microseconds of each other. Building on pairwise synchronization, Soft-TDMAC achieves tight network-wide synchronization. With network-wide synchronization independent of data transmissions, Soft-TDMAC can schedule arbitrary TDMA transmission patterns. For example, Soft-TDMAC allows schedules that decrease end-to-end delay and take end-to-end rate demands into account. We summarize hundreds of hours of testing Soft-TDMAC on a multihop testbed, showing the synchronization capabilities of the protocol and the benefits of flexible scheduling.
Selective and nonselective stages in homing of T lymphocytes to the central nervous system during experimental allergic encephalomyelitis (1993)

The diversity of Ag-specific receptors on T cells homing to an inflammatory infiltrate in the central nervous system has been analyzed. Experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis, a T cell-mediated inflammatory disease of the central nervous system, was induced in Lewis rats with a CD4+, CD8- T cell line specific for peptide 68-86 of myelin basic protein. Within the line a wide array of TCR V beta genes was transcribed including the V beta 8, V beta 10, V beta 15, V beta 16, and V beta 19 families. Accumulation of T cells at the site of inflammation was determined by using RNA-polymerase chain reaction amplification of rearranged TCR V beta transcripts derived from brain. By 8 to 10 h after i.p. infusion of the pathogenic T cell line, TCR V beta transcripts, including mainly V beta families that were predominantly rearranged by the line, could be identified in brains. Restricted TCR V gene transcripts with predominance of the V beta 8 family were identified in brain 48 h after injection, before onset of disease. Paralysis was apparent by 4 to 5 days after injection. At this time diverse V beta gene transcripts were detected in brain, reaching a maximum by day 9, when paralyzed rats have recovered. By day 14 a second stage of limited heterogeneity in the T cell infiltrate could be identified with predominant expression of V beta 8, V beta 9, V beta 10, and V beta 19. Interestingly, three out of these four V beta families were predominantly expressed within the encephalitogenic line. Thus, T cell migration to brain in experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis is characterized by a rapid penetration of T cells followed by a selective trapping of T cells before the clinical manifestations of disease. When clinical disease was present the T cell infiltrate was diverse, whereas in the post-acute phase of disease the T cells in the central nervous system had limited heterogeneity with selective accumulation of T cells transcribing the same V regions that were detected in the line that incited disease.
Correction: Development of reactive extraction systems for itaconic acid: a step towards in situ product recovery for itaconic acid fermentation (2014)

Correction for ‘Development of reactive extraction systems for itaconic acid: a step towards in situ product recovery for itaconic acid fermentation’ by Guneet Kaur et al., RSC Adv., 2014, 4, 45029–45039.