gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Pharmacogenetics of Alcohol and Alcohol Dependence Treatment (2010)

In this article, we review studies of genetic moderators of the response to medications to treat alcohol dependence, the acute response to alcohol, and the response to the psychotherapeutic treatment of heavy drinking. We consider four neurotransmitter systems: opioidergic, dopaminergic, GABAergic, and glutamatergic and focus on one receptor protein in each: OPRM1 (the &#micro;-opioid receptor gene), DRD4 (the D(4) dopamine receptor gene), GABRA2 (GABA(A) receptor alpha-2 subunit gene), and GRIK1 (the kainite receptor GluR5 subunit gene). We conclude that because parallel developments in alcoholism treatment and the genetics of alcohol dependence are beginning to converge, using genotypic information, it may be possible to match patients with specific treatments. Of greatest clinical relevance is the finding that the presence of an Asp40 allele in OPRM1 modestly predicts a better response to naltrexone treatment. Promising findings include the observations that a polymorphism in GABRA2 predicts the response to specific psychotherapies; a polymorphism in DRD4 predicts the effects of the antipsychotic olanzapine on craving for alcohol and drinking behavior; and a polymorphism in GRIKI predicts adverse events resulting from treatment with the anticonvulsant topiramate. Although variants in other genes have been associated with the risk for alcohol dependence, they have not been studied as moderators of the response either to treatment or acute alcohol administration. We recommend that, whenever possible, treatment trials include the collection of DNA samples to permit pharmacogenetic analyses, and that such analyses look broadly for relevant genetic variation.
Chlamydia trachomatis infection of the Fallopian tubes. Histological findings in two patients. (1979)

In two patients with acute salpingitis, C. trachomatis was isolated from the cervix. In one of the patients, the organism was also recovered from the Fallopian tubes, and in the other, chlamydial inclusions were found in Giemsa-stained tubal epithelial cells. A significant change in micro-immunofluorescence antibodies to C. trachomatis occurred in both patients during the course of the disease. The Fallopian tubes of both patients were removed and studied by conventional histological techniques and, in the case of one of them, by transmission electron microscopy.
Clinical Practice Guidelines by the Infectious Diseases Society of America for the Treatment of Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus Infections in Adults and Children: Executive Summary (2011)

Evidence-based guidelines for the management of patients with methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) infections were prepared by an Expert Panel of the Infectious Diseases Society of America (IDSA). The guidelines are intended for use by health care providers who care for adult and pediatric patients with MRSA infections. The guidelines discuss the management of a variety of clinical syndromes associated with MRSA disease, including skin and soft tissue infections (SSTI), bacteremia and endocarditis, pneumonia, bone and joint infections, and central nervous system (CNS) infections. Recommendations are provided regarding vancomycin dosing and monitoring, management of infections due to MRSA strains with reduced susceptibility to vancomycin, and vancomycin treatment failures.
Silicon-germanium polycrystalline films for TFT applications (2005)

The formation of polycrystalline-Si/sub 1-x/Ge/sub x/ thin films on oxide-coated Si substrates is discussed. Two modes of deposition, thermal growth and plasma-enhanced deposition, were studied using PE-VLPCVD (Plasma-Enhanced Very-Low-Pressure CVD) at /spl les/600/spl deg/C. In both cases, growth rates and grain sizes increase with Ge content, and the polyerystalline-to-amorphous transition temperature is lower for Si/sub1-x/Ge/sub x/ than Si. Compared to thermal growth, plasma-enhanced deposition promotes higher growth rates and improved structural properties such as smoother surface morphology, more columnar [220] oriented grain texture, and direct deposition onto oxide. Post-deposition techniques were explored to enlarge the decreased grain sizes associated with plasma deposition of poly-Si/sub 1-x/Ge/sub x/ compared to thermal growth, without sacrificing other improved properties. Compared to plasma-deposited poly-Si/sub 1-x/Ge/sub x/films, plasma deposition of amorphous-Si/sub1-x/Ge/sub x/ followed by a crystallization anneal at 600/spl deg/C results in films with an even smoother surface and grain sizes enhanced by an order of magnitude. The largest grain sizes, /spl tilde/1.3/spl mu/m, were achieved in poly Si/sub 1-x/Ge/sub x/ films formed by Si+ ion implantation for amorphization with a subsequent recrystallization anneal.
Measurement of Neutrophil Content in Brain and Lung Tissue by a Modified Myeloperoxidase Assay (1996)

Myeloperoxidase (MPO) activity is assessed for the quantification of neutrophil accumulation in tissues. In particular, it may be used to support in vivo data on leukocyte kinetics obtained by intravital microscopy and to clarify whether phenomena observed on the organ surface reflect the situation of the whole organ microcirculation. Previous measurements of MPO activity were limited by interference with other peroxidases and by inhibition of MPO activity by specific enzymes. To circumvent these limitations, a modified assay was devised that combined a two-step tissue homogenization technique with heat incubation in a continuous photometric measurement. MPO activity was quantified in neutrophils isolated from rat and rabbit whole blood, rat brain and rabbit lung and compared with intravital microscopic data on leukocyte accumulation. The modified assay is characterized by high reproducibility, strong correlation of MPO activity with number of neutrophils and full recovery of neutrophils added to tissue homogenate. MPO activity per neutrophil was 342.9 +/- 11.7 mU/10(6) cells in rats and 40.3 +/- 0.8 mU/10(6) cells in rabbits. MPO activity in tissue was significantly lower in rat brains (18.9 +/- 29.7 mU/g) as compared to rabbit lungs (741 +/- 67 mU/g). Whereas global cerebral ischemia/reperfusion did not increase MPO activity in rat brain (18.1 +/- 26.1 mU/g), intravenous infusion of cobra venom factor (1,447 +/- 407 mU/g) or endotoxin (1,439 +/- 285 mU/g), enhanced MPO activity in rabbit lung. These results parallel microcirculatory data from the organ surface. Therefore they supplement the intravital microscopic observations by demonstrating that these are indeed representative of deeper parenchymal tissue areas.
Monolithic 3D chip integrated with 500ns NVM, 3ps logic circuits and SRAM (2013)

For the first time, a sequentially processed sub-50nm monolithic 3D IC with integrated logic/NVM circuits and SRAM is demonstrated using multiple layers of ultrathin-body (UTB) MOSFET-based circuits interconnected through 300nm-thick interlayer dielectric (ILD). High-performance sub-50nm UTB MOSFETs using deposited ultra-flat and ultra-thin (20nm) epi-like Si enable across-layer and in-layer high-speed 3ps logic circuits and 1-T 500ns plasma-MONOS NVMs as well as 6T SRAMs with static noise margin (SNM) of 280 mV and reduced footprint by 25%. Closely stacked monolithic 3D circuits envision advanced high-performance, rich function, and low power intelligent mobile devices.
Bacterial communities associated with hydraulic fracturing fluids in thermogenic natural gas wells in North Central Texas, USA (2011)

Hydraulic fracturing is used to increase the permeability of shale gas formations and involves pumping large volumes of fluids into these formations. A portion of the frac fluid remains in the formation after the fracturing process is complete, which could potentially contribute to deleterious microbially induced processes in natural gas wells. Here, we report on the geochemical and microbiological properties of frac and flowback waters from two newly drilled natural gas wells in the Barnett Shale in North Central Texas. Most probable number studies showed that biocide treatments did not kill all the bacteria in the fracturing fluids. Pyrosequencing-based 16S rRNA diversity analyses indicated that the microbial communities in the flowback waters were less diverse and completely distinct from the communities in frac waters. These differences in frac and flowback water communities appeared to reflect changes in the geochemistry of fracturing fluids that occurred during the frac process. The flowback communities also appeared well adapted to survive biocide treatments and the anoxic conditions and high temperatures encountered in the Barnett Shale.
Deterioration detection for digital film restoration (2002)

This paper presents a robust technique to detect local deteriorations of old cinematographic films. This method relies on spatio-temporal information and combines two different detectors: a morphological detector which uses spatial properties of deteriorations, and a dynamic detector based on motion estimation techniques. Our deterioration detector has been validated on several film sequences and turned out to be a powerful tool for digital film restoration.
High performance air cooled heat sinks for integrated circuits (1990)

A simple, compact, high-performance air cooling technology is described that combines laminar flow with certain heat-sink designs to achieve a cooling performance of <2 degrees C/W/cm/sup 2/ at 2 ft/sup 3//min. It has the capability to remove in excess of 600 W from a multichip module (25 chips at 25 W and 16% chip-to-substrate coverage) with a quiet 10-W tubeaxial fan. The volume of the complete module including the plenum and the fan is only about 1 l. The chips are held to maximum temperature rise of 55 degrees C. Even higher cooling performance at greater chip-to-substrate coverage is shown to be possible with larger air movers. This technology extends the applicability of air cooling to the power levels of complex liquid-cooled modules.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
On Multiplexed Signal Tracing for Post-Silicon Validation (2013)

Trace-based debug techniques have widely been utilized in the industry to eliminate design errors escaped from pre-silicon verification. Existing solutions typically trace the same set of signals throughout each debug run, which is not quite effective for catching design errors. In this paper, we propose a multiplexed signal tracing strategy that is able to significantly increase debuggability of the circuit. That is, we divide the tracing procedure in each debug run into a few periods and trace different sets of signals in each period. We present a trace signal grouping algorithm to maximize the probability of catching the propagated evidences from design errors, considering the trace interconnection fabric design constraints. Moreover, we propose a trace signal selection solution to enhance the error detection capability. Experimental results on benchmark circuits demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed solution.
Aryl hydrocarbon receptor controls regulatory CD4+T cell function (2012)

The ligand activated transcription factor aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) has been studied for many decades in toxicology as the ligand for the environmental contaminant dioxin. However, AhR has recently emerged as a critical physiological regulator of immune responses affecting both innate and adaptive systems, and several AhR ligands with different pharmacological profiles have recently been studied. The current review discusses new insights into the role of AhR signalling and AhR ligands on the regulation of the immune system, with a focus on regulatory T cells which maintain immune tolerance. Notably, AhR is expressed and modulates the development of two induced regulatory CD4+ T cell subsets, the forkhead box P3-positive (Foxp3+) regulatory T cells (iTreg) and the IL-10-secreting type 1 regulatory T (T(R)1) cells, through different signalling pathways. We will finally discuss how AhR ligands could be exploited to alleviate human autoimmune diseases. Clearly, drugs targeted against AhR should promote the development of new strategies to fight against autoimmune diseases.
Inhibition of glucokinase translocation by AMP-activated protein kinase is associated with phosphorylation of both GKRP and 6-phosphofructo-2-kinase/fructose-2,6-bisphosphatase (2008)

The rate of glucose phosphorylation in hepatocytes is determined by the subcellular location of glucokinase and by its association with its regulatory protein (GKRP) in the nucleus. Elevated glucose concentrations and precursors of fructose 1-phosphate (e.g., sorbitol) cause dissociation of glucokinase from GKRP and translocation to the cytoplasm. In this study, we investigated the counter-regulation of substrate-induced translocation by AICAR (5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide-1-β-d-ribofuranoside), which is metabolized by hepatocytes to an AMP analog, and causes activation of AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) and depletion of ATP. During incubation of hepatocytes with 25 mM glucose, AICAR concentrations below 200 μM activated AMPK without depleting ATP and inhibited glucose phosphorylation and glucokinase translocation with half-maximal effect at 100–140 μM. Glucose phosphorylation and glucokinase translocation correlated inversely with AMPK activity. AICAR also counteracted translocation induced by a glucokinase activator and partially counteracted translocation by sorbitol. However, AICAR did not block the reversal of translocation (from cytoplasm to nucleus) after substrate withdrawal. Inhibition of glucose-induced translocation by AICAR was greater than inhibition by glucagon and was associated with phosphorylation of both GKRP and the cytoplasmic glucokinase binding protein, 6-phosphofructo-2-kinase/fructose-2,6-bisphosphatase (PFK2) on ser-32. Expression of a kinase-active PFK2 variant lacking ser-32 partially reversed the inhibition of translocation by AICAR. Phosphorylation of GKRP by AMPK partially counteracted its inhibitory effect on glucokinase activity, suggesting altered interaction of glucokinase and GKRP. In summary, mechanisms downstream of AMPK activation, involving phosphorylation of 6-phosphofructo-2-kinase/fructose-2,6-bisphosphatase and GKRP are involved in the ATP-independent inhibition of glucose-induced glucokinase translocation by AICAR in hepatocytes.
Preliminary Tests of an Arm-Grounded Haptic Feedback Device in Telemanipulation (1998)

Abstract This paper investigates the use of arm-grounded force feedback applied to an operator’s fingertips while performing telemanipulation tasks with a dexterous robot hand. The forces were applied by a cable-driven feedback device used in conjunction with an instrumented glove. Experiments were conducted to evaluate subjects’ ability to discriminate between objects of different size and stiffness, and to regulate grasp forces. The results indicate that object size discrimination was comparable to using a conventional haptic feedback interface grounded to the environment, though still not as effective as direct human contact. The force regulation indicated that the user could maintain a fairly constant force, but was subject to some system noise. Discrimination of object stiffness was the most difficult task, due to the inherent compliances of the system and yielded a 75% success rate for distinguishing between compliant (150 N/m) and rigid objects.
Regulatory T‐cell heterogeneity and the cancer immune response (2017)

The frequency of circulating or tumour-infiltrating regulatory T cells (Tregs) has been associated with poor patient survival in many cancers including breast, melanoma and lung. It has been hypothesised that Tregs impact the anti-tumour function of effector T cells, resulting in worse outcomes for patients. However, high infiltrates of Tregs have been associated with a positive outcome of patients in a minority of cancers including colorectal, bladder and oesophageal. In addition, many studies have shown no impact of Tregs in patient outcome. Traditionally, research has identified Tregs as forkhead box P3 (FOXP3<sup>+</sup>) T cells in order to make such associations. Recently, it has become evident that regulatory populations are very heterogeneous, and this heterogeneity is essential for Treg function. Treg heterogeneity likely affects predictions of patient outcome, and different Treg populations may have different influences on tumours. The study of Tregs in cancer must include a better definition of the cells analysed. This review will focus primarily on colorectal cancer in humans, due to mixed data on the impact of Tregs on patient outcome in this disease.
W* Effect Considered Harmful (1999)

The Wireless Application Forum has developed an entire stack of network protocols parallel to, and only marginally compatible with, the existing Internet architecture. They are convinced handheld wireless devices are -- and will remain -- four orders of magnitude less powerful than conventional Internet hosts and thus require optimized transport, applications, and content. At each turn, WAP Forum has chosen to reinterpret existing Internet standards -- often incompatibly. The shift from UDP to WDP, TLS to WTLS, HTTP to WTP, HTML to WML, ECMAScript to WMLScript -- termed 'the W* Effect' -- is disingenuous at best, and at worst, locks in early WAP adopters to today's lowest common denominator. This report presents a summary of WAP, its history and key players, a layer-by-layer tour of its standards, and its market potential for handset providers, network operators, application servers, and content providers.KeywordsContent ProviderUniversal Mobile Telecommunication SystemUniversal Mobile Telecommunication SystemDocument Type DefinitionEuropean Telecommunication Standard InstituteThese keywords were added by machine and not by the authors. This process is experimental and the keywords may be updated as the learning algorithm improves.
Complete visualizations of concurrent programs and their executions (2002)

The theory and methods for a completely visual formalism for programs and their executions are presented. The appearance, and not the construction, completely describes programs, data, and states of execution. Programs, their model of execution, and their execution traces are visualized in the same pictorial terms. A list of advantages of this visual formalism is given. A case study using the Janus language is presented.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Tunable 1.55–2.1 GHz 4-Pole Elliptic Bandpass Filter With Bandwidth Control and ${> 50}~{\hbox {dB}}$ Rejection for Wireless Systems (2012)

This paper presents a four-pole elliptic tunable combline bandpass filter with center frequency and bandwidth control. The filter is built on a Duroid substrate with <formula formulatype="inline" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"><tex Notation="TeX">$\varepsilon_{r}=10.2$</tex> </formula> and <formula formulatype="inline" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"><tex Notation="TeX">$h=25~{\rm mils}$</tex></formula> , and the tuning is done using packaged Schottky diodes. A frequency range of 1.55–2.1 GHz with a 1-dB bandwidth tuning from 40–120 MHz (2.2–8% fractional bandwidth) is demonstrated. A pair of tunable transmission zeroes are synthesized at both passband edges and significantly improve the filter selectivity. The rejection level at both the lower and upper stopbands is <formula formulatype="inline" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"><tex Notation="TeX">${> 50}~{\hbox {dB}}$</tex></formula> and no spurious response exists close to the passband. The measured third-order intermodulation intercept point (TOI) and 1-dB power compression point at midband (1.85 GHz) and a bandwidth of 110 MHz are <formula formulatype="inline" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"><tex Notation="TeX">${> 14}~{\rm dBm}$</tex></formula> and 6 dBm, respectively, and are limited by the Schottky diodes. It is believed that this is the first four-pole combline tunable bandpass filter with an elliptic function response and center frequency and bandwidth control. The application areas are in tunable filters for wireless systems and cognitive radios.
Support students, faculty members during pandemic (2020)

The COVID‐19 crisis has had a profound impact on disability services operations as campuses have closed and instruction has transitioned to a remote format. Mark Coppin, Director of Disability Services at North Dakota State University, discussed the steps the university has taken to maintain accommodations for students with disabilities, while also meeting emerging needs related to the pandemic.
Immunisation of two rodent species with new live-attenuated mutants of Yersinia pestis CO92 induces protective long-term humoral- and cell-mediated immunity against pneumonic plague (2016)

We showed recently that the live-attenuated Δ<i>lpp</i> Δ<i>msbB</i> Δ<i>ail</i> and Δ<i>lpp</i> Δ<i>msbB::ailL2</i> mutants of <i>Yersinia pestis</i> CO92 provided short-term protection to mice against developing subsequent lethal pneumonic plague. These mutants were either deleted for genes encoding Braun lipoprotein (Lpp), an acetyltransferase (MsbB) and the attachment invasion locus (Ail) (Δ<i>lpp</i> Δ<i>msbB</i> Δ<i>ail</i>) or contained a modified version of the <i>ail</i> gene with diminished virulence (Δ<i>lpp</i> Δ<i>msbB::ailL2</i>). Here, long-term immune responses were first examined after intramuscular immunisation of mice with the above-mentioned mutants, as well as the newly constructed Δ<i>lpp</i> Δ<i>msbB</i> Δ<i>pla</i> mutant, deleted for the plasminogen-activator protease (<i>pla</i>) gene instead of <i>ail</i>. <i>Y. pestis-</i>specific IgG levels peaked between day 35 and 56 in the mutant<i>-</i>immunised mice and were sustained until the last tested day 112. Splenic memory B cells peaked earlier (day 42) before declining in the Δ<i>lpp</i> Δ<i>msbB::ailL2</i> mutant-immunised mice while being sustained for 63 days in the Δ<i>lpp</i> Δ<i>msbB</i> Δ<i>ail</i> and Δ<i>lpp</i> Δ<i>msbB</i> Δ<i>pla</i> mutant-immunised mice. Splenic CD4<sup>+</sup> T cells increased in all immunised mice by day 42 with differential cytokine production among the immunised groups. On day 120, immunised mice were exposed intranasally to wild-type (WT) CO92, and 80-100% survived pneumonic challenge. Mice immunised with the above-mentioned three mutants had increased innate as well as CD4<sup>+</sup> responses immediately after WT CO92 exposure, and coupled with sustained antibody production, indicated the role of both arms of the immune response in protection. Likewise, rats vaccinated with either Δ<i>lpp</i> Δ<i>msbB</i> Δ<i>ail</i> or the Δ<i>lpp</i> Δ<i>msbB</i> Δ<i>pla</i> mutant also developed long-term humoral and cell-mediated immune responses to provide 100% protection against developing pneumonic plague. On the basis of the attenuated phenotype, the Δ<i>lpp</i> Δ<i>msbB</i> Δ<i>ail</i> mutant was recently excluded from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention select agent list.
A new monoterpenoid indole alkaloid from <i>Ochrosia elliptica</i> (2017)

A new monoterpenoid indole alkaloid, 10-methoxyakuammidine (1), together with four known alkaloids (2-5), were isolated from the stems and leaves of Ochrosia elliptica. The structure of 1 was elucidated by extensive spectroscopic methods and the known compounds were identified by comparisons with data reported in the literature. New compound 1 was evaluated for its cytotoxicities against five human cancer cell lines: HL-60, SMMC-7721, A-549, MCF-7 and SW480 in vitro. 1 exhibited inhibitory effects with IC<sub>50</sub> values comparable to those of cisplatin.