gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Preparation and proton conductivity of composite ionomeric membranes obtained from gels of amorphous zirconium phosphate sulfophenylenphosphonates in organic solvents (2004)

Amorphous zirconium phosphate sulfophenylenphosphonates (Zr(HPO4)2−x(SPP)x, where SPP = O3PC6H4SO3H and 0.5 ≤ x ≤ 1.3) were precipitated from solutions of zirconyl chloride, H3PO4 and H2SPP and characterised by thermogravimetric analysis, solid state NMR and impedance measurements. Zr(HPO4)0.7(SPP)1.3 showed the highest proton conductivity (0.07 S cm−1 at 20 °C, 90% relative humidity) and turned out to be suitable to form a gel in dimethylformamide (DMF) containing about 7 wt% solid phase. The gel was used to prepare composite membranes of sulfonated polyetherketone (I. E. C. = 0.95 meq g−1) filled with 10 and 20 wt% Zr(HPO4)0.7(SPP)1.3. SEM pictures showed that the composite membranes are dense and homogeneous with filler particles not larger than 200 nm. The proton conductivity of both composite membranes and that of a pure s-PEK membrane was determined as a function of temperature up to 150 °C, at 90% relative humidity, by means of the impedance technique. While the conductivity of the s-PEK membrane was nearly constant within the overall temperature range (7–9 × 10−4 S cm−1), the conductivity of the composite membranes was independent of temperature up to 110 °C but at higher temperatures it decreased to a value approaching the conductivity of s-PEK. In the range 80–110 °C, the conductivity of the composite membrane with 20 wt% Zr(HPO4)0.7(SPP)1.3 was around 8 × 10−3 S cm−1. The possibility that the increase of conductivity arises from the presence of filler rich and/or filler continuous conduction pathways is discussed.
Parasitic-Aware Common-Centroid Binary-Weighted Capacitor Layout Generation Integrating Placement, Routing, and Unit Capacitor Sizing (2017)

Capacitor sizing is a crucial step when designing charge-scaling digital-to-analog converters (DACs). Larger capacitor size can achieve better circuit accuracy and performance due to less impact from process gradient, parasitic mismatch, and local variation. However, it also results in larger chip area and higher power consumption. The size of binary-weighted capacitors in charge-scaling DACs is highly sensitive to the routing parasitics. Unmatched routing parasitics among binary-weighted capacitors will lead to large capacitor size for satisfying circuit accuracy and performance. Previous work focuses on the study of generating high-quality common-centroid placement of unit capacitor arrays while ignoring routing parasitics. None of them address the sizing of binary-weighed capacitors. This paper presents the first problem formulation in the literature which simultaneously considers capacitor sizing and parasitic matching during common-centroid capacitor layout generation such that the power consumption is minimized while the circuit accuracy/performance is also satisfied. Experimental results show that the proposed approach can achieve very significant chip area and power reductions compared with the state-of-the-art approaches.
3D localized <i>in vivo</i><sup>1</sup>H spectroscopy of human brain by using a hybrid of 1D‐hadamard with 2D‐chemical shift imaging (1997)

We report acquisition of 3D image-guided localized proton spectroscopy (1H-MRS) in the human brain on a standard clinical imager. 3D coverage is achieved with a hybrid of chemical shift imaging (CSI) and transverse Hadamard spectroscopic imaging (HSI). 16 x 16 x 4 arrays of 3.5 and 1 ml voxels were obtained in 27 min. The spatially selective HSI 90 degrees pulses incorporate naturally into a PRESS double spin-echo sequence to subdivide the VOI into four partitions along its short axis. 2D CSI (16 x 16) is performed along the other long axes. Because the hybrid excites the spins in the entire VOI, a square-root-N signal-to-noise-ratio (SNR) gain per given examination time is realized compared with sequentially interleaving N 2D slices. A two-fold gain in sensitivity is demonstrated in the brain for N = 4.
Semisynthesis of the Organoarsenical Antibiotic Arsinothricin (2020)

Arsinothricin [AST (<b>1</b>)], a new broad-spectrum organoarsenical antibiotic, is a nonproteinogenic analogue of glutamate that effectively inhibits glutamine synthetase. We report the chemical synthesis of an intermediate in the pathway to <b>1</b>, hydroxyarsinothricin [AST-OH (<b>2</b>)], which can be converted to <b>1</b> by enzymatic methylation catalyzed by the ArsM As(III) <i>S</i>-adenosylmethionine methyltransferase. This is the first report of semisynthesis of <b>1</b>, providing a source of this novel antibiotic that will be required for future clinical trials.
Effect of Assembly Error on Bending Stress on Flexible Spline of Strain Wave Gearing. (1996)

In this paper, the effects of a bearing ball of the wave generator and three kinds of assembly error on the real root stresses and the bending stresses at the cylinder and diaphragm parts of a cup-type flexible spline in a strain wave gearing (commonly known as a harmonic drive gearing) are analyzed. The following results are obtained. (1) Effect of the relative angular position between the major axis of the wave generator and the bearing ball on the real root stresses at the center part of the facewidth is large, and should be considered when the bending strength is evaluated, (2) Effect of the relative axial position between the wave generator and the flexible spline on the real root stresses of the flexbile spline is small. (3) Position of the maximum real root stresses of the flexible spline is at the center part of the facewidth when there is eccentricity or inclination in the circular spline assembly. (4) Eccentricity and inclination of circular spline assembly have little effect on the real root stresses at the tooth part, but have a considerable effect on the bending stresses at the cylinder part near the teeth and at the diaphragm part near the boss.
Encapsulated solar cell modules (1975)

A procedure is described in which the electrical connections to solar cells in a module are made at the same time the cells are encapsulated for protection. The encapsulating material is embossed to facilitate the positioning of the cells during assembly.
Improving the performance of object-oriented languages with dynamic predication of indirect jumps (2008)

Indirect jump instructions are used to implement increasingly-common programming constructs such as virtual function calls, switch-case statements, jump tables, and interface calls. The performance impact of indirect jumps is likely to increase because indirect jumps with multiple targets are difficult to predict even with specialized hardware.
High-performance dispersion-compensating fibers (1997)

Abstract An optimum fiber structure for a practical dispersion-compensating fiber (DCF) has been explored theoretically and experimentally, taking dispersion, attenuation, bending loss characteristics, polarization mode dispersion, and nonlinear effects into account. A high figure of merit (FOM) of 280 ps/nm/dB has been successfully achieved with a simple matched cladding design. Furthermore, it was confirmed that the optimized structure with enhanced FOM also benefits self-phase modulation (SPM) suppression.
An allylated firefly luciferin analogue with luciferase specific response in living cells (2018)

An allylated firefly luciferin was successfully synthesized and its bioluminescence properties were evaluated. When applied to cellular imaging in combination with Eluc, which is one of the commercially available luciferases, this analogue displayed a luciferase-specific bioluminescence signal with prolonged emission (>100 min).
Efficient synthesis of a disulfide‐containing protein through a batch cell‐free system from wheat germ (2003)

We have developed a highly productive cell-free protein synthesis system from wheat germ, which is expected to become an important tool for postgenomic research. However, this system has not been optimized for the synthesis of disulfide-containing proteins. Thus, we searched here for translation conditions under which a model protein, a single-chain antibody variable fragment (scFv), could be synthesized into its active form. Before the start of translation, the reducing agent dithiothreitol, which normally is added to the wheat germ extract but which inhibits disulfide formation during translation, was removed by gel filtration. When the scFv mRNA was incubated with this dithiothreitol-deficient extract, more than half of the synthesized polypeptide was recovered in the soluble fraction. By addition of protein disulfide isomerase in the translation solution, the solubility of the product was further improved, and nearly half of the soluble polypeptides strongly bound to the antigen immobilized on an agarose support. This strong binding component had a high affinity as shown by surface-plasmon resonance analysis. These results show that the wheat germ cell-free system can produce a functional scFv with a simple change of the reaction ingredients. We also discuss protein folding in this system and suggest that the disulfide bridges are formed cotranslationally. Finally, we show that biotinylated scFv could be synthesized in similar fashion and immobilized on a solid surface to which streptavidin is bound. SPR measurements for detection of antigens were also possible with the use of this immobilized surface.
Development of a new intraocular lens power calculation method based on lens position estimated with optical coherence tomography (2020)

A new method is developed and validated for intraocular lens (IOL) power calculation based on paraxial ray tracing of the postoperative IOL positions, which are obtained with the use of anterior segment optical coherence tomography. Of the 474 eyes studied, 137 and 337 were grouped into training and validation sets, respectively. The positions of the implanted IOLs of the training datasets were characterized with multiple linear regression analyses one month after the operations. A new regression formula was developed to predict the postoperative anterior chamber depth with the use of the stepwise analysis results. In the validation dataset, postoperative refractive values were calculated according to the paraxial ray tracing of the cornea and lens based on the assumption of finite structural thicknesses with separate surface curvatures. The predicted refraction error was calculated as the difference of the expected postoperative refraction from the spherical-equivalent objective refraction values. The percentage error (within ±0.50 diopters) of the new formula was 84.3%. This was not significantly correlated to the axial length or keratometry. The developed formula yielded excellent postoperative refraction predictions and could be applicable to eyes with abnormal proportions, such as steep or flat corneal curvatures and short and long axial lengths.
Interactive Sound Rendering on Mobile Devices using Ray-Parameterized Reverberation Filters (2018)

We present a new sound rendering pipeline that is able to generate plausible sound propagation effects for interactive dynamic scenes. Our approach combines ray-tracing-based sound propagation with reverberation filters using robust automatic reverb parameter estimation that is driven by impulse responses computed at a low sampling rate.We propose a unified spherical harmonic representation of directional sound in both the propagation and auralization modules and use this formulation to perform a constant number of convolution operations for any number of sound sources while rendering spatial audio. In comparison to previous geometric acoustic methods, we achieve a speedup of over an order of magnitude while delivering similar audio to high-quality convolution rendering algorithms. As a result, our approach is the first capable of rendering plausible dynamic sound propagation effects on commodity smartphones.
Raman scattering and SEM study of bio‐conjugated core‐shell CdSe/ZnS quantum dots (2007)

Abstract Core‐shell CdSe/ZnS quantum dots are promising as bio‐luminescent markers: being conjugated to bio molecules (proteins), they serve as luminescence tags in antigen‐antibody biochemical reaction. This presents a possibility to detect, for example, the variation of the protein biomarkers to promote the early cancer diagnosis. We studied the effect of bio molecules conjugated to QDs using Raman scattering spectra, and found that in some cases the conjugation leads to noticeable variation of these spectra, so that the detection of bio molecules could be done more accurately. An explanation of the effect is proposed. (© 2007 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Transtibial Versus Anteromedial Portal Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction Using Soft‐Tissue Graft and Expandable Fixation (2014)

Level IV, therapeutic case series.
ChemInform Abstract: Potent in vitro Methicillin‐Resistant Staphylococcus aureus Activity of 2‐(1H‐Indol‐3‐yl)quinoline Derivatives. (2001)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
CloudLight: A system for amortizing indirect lighting in real-time rendering (2013)

We introduce CloudLight, a system for computing indirect lighting in the Cloud to support real-time rendering for interactive 3D ap- plications on a user's local device. CloudLight maps the traditional graphics pipeline onto a distributed system. That differs from a single-machine renderer in three fundamental ways. First, the map- ping introduces potential asymmetry between computational re- sources available at the Cloud and local device sides of the pipeline. Second, compared to a hardware memory bus, the network intro- duces relatively large latency and low bandwidth between certain pipeline stages. Third, for multi-user virtual environments, a Cloud solution can amortize expensive global illumination costs across users. Our new CloudLight framework explores tradeoffs in differ- ent partitions of the global illumination workload between Cloud and local devices, with an eye to how available network and com- putational power influence design decisions and image quality. We describe the tradeoffs and characteristics of mapping three known lighting algorithms to our system and demonstrate scaling for up to 50 simultaneous CloudLight users.
Synthesis, Utility, and X-ray Crystal Structure of Novel Complexes of Baccatin III with Imidazole and 2-Propanol (2000)

Baccatin III forms crystalline complexes 4 and 5 with imidazole and 2-propanol, respectively. These compounds are useful in the purification of baccatin III from mixtures of taxanes derived from plant-cell fermentation.
Red Blood Cells for Glucose‐Responsive Insulin Delivery (2017)

Glucose-responsive delivery of insulin mimicking the function of pancreatic β-cells to achieve meticulous control of blood glucose (BG) would revolutionize diabetes care. Here the authors report the development of a new glucose-responsive insulin delivery system based on the potential interaction between the glucose derivative-modified insulin (Glc-Insulin) and glucose transporters on erythrocytes (or red blood cells, RBCs) membrane. After being conjugated with the glucosamine, insulin can efficiently bind to RBC membranes. The binding is reversible in the setting of hyperglycemia, resulting in fast release of insulin and subsequent drop of BG level in vivo. The delivery vehicle can be further simplified utilizing injectable polymeric nanocarriers coated with RBC membrane and loaded with Glc-Insulin. The described work is the first demonstration of utilizing RBC membrane to achieve smart insulin delivery with fast responsiveness.
A Planar Approach for Manufacturing Cardiac Stents: Design, Fabrication, and Mechanical Evaluation (2004)

A new approach that uses planar batch manufacturing technologies is presented for the design and fabrication of coronary artery stents. Stent samples with different wall patterns have been fabricated from 50-/spl mu/m-thick stainless steel foil using microelectrodischarge machining. Stents have been expanded to tubular shapes by using angioplasty balloons, both inside mock arteries and without external confinement (i.e., free-standing). Free-standing stents exhibit diameter variations of </spl plusmn/4%, almost zero radial recoil after deflation of the balloon, and longitudinal shrinkage of <3% upon expansion. A variation that uses breakable links to provide additional customization in electrical and mechanical properties is also presented. Loading tests reveal that the radial stiffness of some patterns is comparable to that of commercially available stents with greater wall thickness, while bending compliance, at 0.02 m/N for a 4-mm-long section of the stent, is also favorably large.
User simulation as testing for spoken dialog systems (2008)

We propose to use user simulation for testing during the development of a sophisticated dialog system. While the limited behaviors of the state-of-the-art user simulation may not cover important aspects in the dialog system testing, our proposed approach extends the functionality of the simulation so that it can be used at least for the early stage testing before the system reaches stable performance for evaluation involving human users. The proposed approach includes a set of evaluation measures that can be computed automatically from the interaction logs between the user simulator and the dialog system. We first validate these measures on human user dialogs using user satisfaction scores. We also build a regression model to estimate the user satisfaction scores using these evaluation measures. Then, we apply the evaluation measures on a simulated dialog corpus trained from the real user corpus. We show that the user satisfaction scores estimated from the simulated corpus are not statistically different from the real users' satisfaction scores.
Yb<sub>14</sub>MnSb<sub>11</sub>: New High Efficiency Thermoelectric Material for Power Generation. (2006)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Long-Term Culture of Freshwater Mussel Gill Strips: Use of Serotonin to Affect Aseptic Conditions (1991)

Serotonin relaxes the musculature and increases epithelial ciliary activity in freshwater mussel gills. This results in greater than normal water flow through the labyrinth of water canals and channels of the gill. These water spaces harbor significant microbial populations that make aseptic culture of freshwater mussel gills difficult. High concentrations of antibiotics can maintain short-term cultures, but are toxic to the tissue and reduce the lifespan of the culture. Moderate levels of antibiotics used in combination with 0.1 mM serotonin during a single, short pretreatment produces aseptic cultures. These cultures can now be established routinely and are viable for over a month as assayed by gill structural integrity, trypan blue exclusion, leucine incorporation into TCA precipitable protein, and normal physiological responsiveness to serotonin re-exposure.
High-Loading Supports for Oligonucleotide Synthesis (2000)

A simple protocol for the preparation of high-loading supports, suitable for large-scale synthesis of oligonucleotides, has been developed. The method involves the use of inexpensive reagents and is amenable to large-scale preparation of supports. The derivatized supports were successfully employed in an automated DNA synthesizer without any difficulty. The quality of the synthesized oligonucleotides was found to be comparable to that of the corresponding oligomers prepared with commercially available standard supports.
New algorithms and an in silico benchmark for computational enzyme design (2006)

The creation of novel enzymes capable of catalyzing any desired chemical reaction is a grand challenge for computational protein design. Here we describe two new algorithms for enzyme design that employ hashing techniques to allow searching through large numbers of protein scaffolds for optimal catalytic site placement. We also describe an in silico benchmark, based on the recapitulation of the active sites of native enzymes, that allows rapid evaluation and testing of enzyme design methodologies. In the benchmark test, which consists of designing sites for each of 10 different chemical reactions in backbone scaffolds derived from 10 enzymes catalyzing the reactions, the new methods succeed in identifying the native site in the native scaffold and ranking it within the top five designs for six of the 10 reactions. The new methods can be directly applied to the design of new enzymes, and the benchmark provides a powerful in silico test for guiding improvements in computational enzyme design.
Aromatase inhibitor treatment with an intravaginal device and its effect on pre-ovulatory ovarian follicles in a bovine model (2013)

Administration of letrozole with an intravaginal device during growth of the ovulatory follicle delayed ovulation by 24 h and resulted in the formation of a CL that secreted higher levels of progesterone. A sustained-release intravaginal device may be useful for the development of an aromatase inhibitor-based protocol to control ovulation for herd synchronization and to enhance fertility by increasing circulating progesterone concentrations during the first 7 days post-ovulation in cattle.
Nonlinearity-Induced Synchronization Enhancement in Micromechanical Oscillators (2015)

An autonomous oscillator synchronizes to an external harmonic force only when the forcing frequency lies within a certain interval---known as the synchronization range---around the oscillator's natural frequency. Under ordinary conditions, the width of the synchronization range decreases when the oscillation amplitude grows, which constrains synchronized motion of micro- and nanomechanical resonators to narrow frequency and amplitude bounds. Here, we show that nonlinearity in the oscillator can be exploited to manifest a regime where the synchronization range increases with increasing oscillation amplitude. Experimental data are provided for self-sustained micromechanical oscillators operating in this regime, and analytical results show that nonlinearities are the key determinants of this effect. Our results provide a new strategy to enhance the synchronization of micromechanical oscillators by capitalizing on their intrinsic nonlinear dynamics.
Using Air-Lift Pumping as an in-Situ Aquifer Remediation Technique (1993)

The global attempt to protect and restore the major water resources encouraged hydrologists to develop new, simple and effective aquifer remediation methods. A new in-situ remediation procedure is proposed to remove Volatile Organic Compounds (VOC) dissolved in groundwater. This is accomplished by injection of air into a well, using a combined technique of air-lift pumping with a form of vapor stripping. The feasibility of the proposed method was analyzed using concepts of mass transfer of VOCs from water to air-bubbles and transport of VOCs in porous media.