gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Synthesis and biological activities of 4"-deoxy-4"-sulfonamido-oleandomycin derivatives (1984)

Chemical modification of the macrolide antibiotic oleandomycin (C-1) is described. Reductive amination of 11-acetyl-4"-deoxy-4"-oxo-oleandomycin (C-6) with ammonium acetate provides amino-oleandomycin derivative C-7 in which the 4"-amine is oriented in the axial configuration. The structure-activity relationship of a series of 4"-sulfonamide analogs prepared from amino-oleandomycin derivative C-7 is discussed. Noteworthy is the significant in vitro potency enhancement of the para-chlorobenzenesulfonamide analog C-12 over that of the parent oleandomycin. The absolute configuration of the 4"-amino-oleandomycin derivative C-7 was established through X-ray analysis of the para-iodobenzenesulfonamide analog C-14.
Chemically Strengthened Low Crystallinity Black Glass‐Ceramics with High Liquidus Viscosities (2014)

Strong, black materials are needed for electronic device backs and appliance facings. While glass‐ceramics have good strength and toughness, their liquidus viscosity is too low to enable economical forming of these devices by the fusion or slot draw methods. Thus, we invented a new class of low crystallinity glass‐ceramics with 10–20 nm crystallites in the Fe 2 O 3 ‐TiO 2 ‐MgO system. These materials were formed into transparent glasses and then heat treated to make black opaque glass‐ceramics containing magnetite, pseudobrookite, and/or ε‐Fe 2 O 3 . The ε‐Fe 2 O 3 phase exhibited extensive solid solution (ss) between Fe 2 O 3 and MgTiO 3 . The blackness and opacity of the ε‐Fe 2 O 3 glass‐ceramics peaked at a ceram temperature of 750°C where the Fe 2+ in the crystallites was maximized, resulting in peak Fe 2+ ‐Ti 4+ charge transfer absorption. The liquidus viscosity was increased to more than 100 kPa*s by optimizing the base glass composition and minimizing the amount of crystallinity, thereby enabling fusion formability. These fusion formable glass‐ceramics had strengths exceeding the best commercially available glasses after ion exchange. This work provides a new class of low crystallinity fusion formable glass‐ceramics with high strength.
DNA‐Regulated Micro‐ and Nanoparticle Assembly (2007)

A novel use of DNA as a platform to tailor interparticle attraction and repulsion in micro- and nanosystems (see figure) is described. The total interparticle energy is regulated by balancing attractive forces generated by complementary DNA hybridization with steric repulsion provided by noncomplementary DNA. This allows for the control of assembly kinetics, size, and structure of both DNA-capped micro- and nanoparticles.
Time-domain measurement of loudspeaker driver parameters (1979)

A new method for the measurement of the Thiele-Small small-signal parameters of a moving-coil electromagnetic transducer driver is described. The technique is based on a time-domain analysis of the transient response of the loudspeaker voice-coil circuit to a current step of excitation. By sampling the damped sinusoidal transient generated by such an excitation, the loudspeaker parameters can be calculated from a linear predictive analysis of the recorded data. The technique has been implemented with a digital computer and measurement examples are presented. The method is simple and can be implemented with a microprocessor configuration for rapid assembly line testing.
Block-and-break generation of microdroplets with fixed volume (2013)

We introduce a novel type of droplet generator that produces droplets of a volume set by the geometry of the droplet generator and not by the flow rates of the liquids. The generator consists of a classic T-junction with a bypass channel. This bypass directs the continuous fluid around the forming droplets, so that they can fill the space between the inlet of the dispersed phase and the exit of the bypass without breaking. Once filled, the dispersed phase blocks the exit of the bypass and is squeezed by the continuous fluid and broken off from the junction. We demonstrate the fixed-volume droplet generator for (i) the formation of monodisperse droplets from a source of varying flow rates, (ii) the formation of monodisperse droplets containing a gradation of solute concentration, and (iii) the parallel production of monodisperse droplets.
Ytterbium-doped multicomponent fluorosilicate optical fibers with intrinsically low optical nonlinearities (2018)

Ytterbium-doped strontium fluorosilicate optical fibers exhibiting intrinsically low optical nonlinearities were fabricated and characterized. Specifically, reductions up to ~1.5 dB, ~9 dB, and ~3 dB in Raman gain, Brillouin gain, and thermo-optic coefficients, respectively, were measured relative to conventional silica optical fibers. Additionally, fluorescence lifetime, and emission and absorption spectra for these fibers are presented and suggest enhanced performance relative to their more commonly employed aluminosilicate and phosphosilicate counterparts. Low quantum defect (<1.5%) operation in these fibers, coupled with their low thermo-optic coefficients, may ultimately yield high power fiber lasers with greater immunity to thermal-based parasitic processes. The results indicate the potential of these fibers and glass materials for high energy fiber-based applications.
Nuclear magnetic resonance diffraction with subangstrom precision (2022)

We have combined ultrasensitive force-based spin detection with high-fidelity spin control to achieve NMR diffraction (NMRd) measurement of ~2 million [Formula: see text]P spins in a [Formula: see text] volume of an indium-phosphide (InP) nanowire. NMRd is a technique originally proposed for studying the structure of periodic arrangements of spins, with complete access to the spectroscopic capabilities of NMR. We describe two experiments that realize NMRd detection with subangstrom precision. In the first experiment, we encode a nanometer-scale spatial modulation of the <i>z</i>-axis magnetization of [Formula: see text]P spins and detect the period and position of the modulation with a precision of <0.8 Å. In the second experiment, we demonstrate an interferometric technique, utilizing NMRd, to detect an angstrom-scale displacement of the InP sample with a precision of 0.07 Å. The diffraction-based techniques developed in this work extend the Fourier-encoding capabilities of NMR to the angstrom scale and demonstrate the potential of NMRd as a tool for probing the structure and dynamics of nanocrystalline materials.
Identification of Two RNA-binding Proteins Associated with Human Telomerase RNA (2000)

Telomerase plays a crucial role in telomere maintenance in vivo. To understand telomerase regulation, we have been characterizing components of the enzyme. To date several components of the mammalian telomerase holoenzyme have been identified: the essential RNA component (human telomerase RNA [hTR]), the catalytic subunit human telomerase reverse transcriptase (hTERT), and telomerase-associated protein 1. Here we describe the identification of two new proteins that interact with hTR: hStau and L22. Antisera against both proteins immunoprecipitated hTR, hTERT, and telomerase activity from cell extracts, suggesting that the proteins are associated with telomerase. Both proteins localized to the nucleolus and cytoplasm. Although these proteins are associated with telomerase, we found no evidence of their association with each other or with telomerase-associated protein 1. Both hStau and L22 are more abundant than TERT. This, together with their localization, suggests that they may be associated with other ribonucleoprotein complexes in cells. We propose that these two hTR-associated proteins may play a role in hTR processing, telomerase assembly, or localization in vivo.
Advances in clinical and biomedical applications of photoacoustic imaging (2010)

IMPORTANCE OF THE FIELD: Photoacoustic imaging is an imaging modality that derives image contrast from the optical absorption coefficient of the tissue being imaged. The imaging technique is able to differentiate between healthy and diseased tissue with either deeper penetration or higher resolution than other functional imaging modalities currently available. From a clinical standpoint, photoacoustic imaging has demonstrated safety and effectiveness in diagnosing diseased tissue regions using either endogenous tissue contrast or exogenous contrast agents. Furthermore, the potential of photoacoustic imaging has been demonstrated in various therapeutic interventions ranging from drug delivery and release to image-guided therapy and monitoring. AREAS COVERED IN THIS REVIEW: This article reviews the current state of photoacoustic imaging in biomedicine from a technological perspective, highlights various biomedical and clinical applications of photoacoustic imaging, and gives insights on future directions. WHAT THE READER WILL GAIN: Readers will learn about the various applications of photoacoustic imaging, as well as the various contrast agents that can be used to assist photoacoustic imaging. This review will highlight both pre-clinical and clinical uses for photoacoustic imaging, as well as discuss some of the challenges that must be addressed to move photoacoustic imaging into the clinical realm. TAKE HOME MESSAGE: Photoacoustic imaging offers unique advantages over existing imaging modalities. The imaging field is broad with many exciting applications for detecting and diagnosing diseased tissue or processes. Photoacoustics is also used in therapeutic applications to identify and characterize the pathology and then to monitor the treatment. Although the technology is still in its infancy, much work has been done in the pre-clinical arena, and photoacoustic imaging is fast approaching the clinical setting.
Analysis of Laser Alloyed Surfaces (1981)

Surface alloys of Au-Ni with a wide range of concentrations have been produced by laser irradiation of thin Au films on Ni. These films have been analyzed using Rutherford backscattering (RBS) and channeling. Many thin film metals other than Au have also been successfully alloyed using these methods. An example of a potential application is the laser surface alloying of Pd to Ti for corrosion passivation.
Measuring the inertia tensor of vehicles (2002)

SUMMARYSUMMARYA new method for measuring the inertia tensor of rigid bodies has been developed and used for vehicle system dynamics applications.In the first part of the paper a brief state-of-the-art is presented referring to methods for measuring the inertia tensor of vehicles (or other rigid bodies). A number of test-rigs (presented in the literature) are classified and compared.In the second part of the paper a new test-rig, studied and built at the Politecnico di Milano, is introduced. The test-rig allows to measure the inertia tensor of vehicles (of mass up to 3500 kg, or more, after a proper adjustment). The rig is basically a three or four bar pendulum hanging from the ceiling and carrying, by means of a rigid frame the rigid body under investigation, e.g. a full road vehicle. The motion of the hanging vehicle is recorded by means of accelerometers, gyroscopes and inclinometers. The recorded data are numerically processed in order to indentify the full inertia tensor of the vehicle body. The paper presents both the main technical features of the test-rig and samples of results coming from experimental researches.
Characterization of medical ultrasound fields using modeling with a boundary condition obtained from measurements (2015)

Numerical modeling is becoming an important metrological tool for accurate characterization of ultrasound fields generated by medical transducers in water and in situ. While acoustic propagation equations are well established, setting a boundary condition relevant to the experiment still remains a critical problem. Two methods differing in complexity are described to address this problem. The first method comprises 3D simulations of the Westervelt equation with a boundary condition determined from acoustic holography measurements. The second, simpler method utilizes simulations based either on the KZK or Westervelt equation with an equivalent source boundary condition obtained by matching linear simulations to low-amplitude beam profiles along and transverse to the axis of the source. Calculations with both methods are compared to fiber optic hydrophone measurements of 2D phased therapeutic arrays, a 128-element diagnostic probe, and strongly focused single-element transducers. It is shown that the 3D Westervelt model with holographic boundary condition can accurately simulate the entire nonlinear ultrasound field. The simplified methods based on an equivalent source are shown to give accurate results in the focal zone of the transducers, even when shocks are present in the focal waveform. [Work supported by NIH EB7643, EB016118, DK043881, and RSF 14-12-00974.]
Extend the field of view of selective plan illumination microscopy by tiling the excitation light sheet (2015)

Selective Plane Illumination Microscopy (SPIM) is attractive for its ability to acquire 3D images with high 3D spatial resolution, good optical sectioning capability and high imaging speed. However, tradeoffs have to be made when a large field of view (FOV) is required, results in lower axial resolution or worse optical sectioning capability. Here, we present a novel method for 3D imaging by SPIM that is capable to maintain its high 3D spatial resolution and good optical sectioning capability within a large FOV. Instead of trying to generate a large and uniformly thick excitation light sheet, the method tiles a relative small light sheet quickly to multiple positions within the image plane by defocusing the excitation beam used to create the light sheet, and takes one additional image at each position, so that a large FOV can be imaged by repeating this process and stitching all images together. By implementing this method, light sheets with thin thickness and good excitation light confinement can be used for SPIM imaging with slightly compromised imaging speed. The method was investigated through both numerical simulation and experiments, and the imaging performance was demonstrated by imaging fluorescent particles embedded in agarose gel and live C. elegans embryos.
Role of Rhoa G17V in Cell Migration and Transformation in Angioimmunoblastic T-Cell Lymphoma (2018)

Abstract Angioimmunoblastic T-cell lymphoma (AITL) is an aggressive form of peripheral T-cell lymphoma derived from the malignant transformation of follicular helper T-cells (TFH), frequently associated with autoimmune disease and characterized by resistance to chemotherapy and poor prognosis. A recurrent RHOA G17V mutation in the RHOA small GTPase gene is characteristically present in 70% of AITL cases, frequently in association with loss of function mutations in the Tet2 epigenetic regulator. Expression of Rhoa G17V in CD4+ T cells in a conditional Rhoaco-G17V/+ knockin mice induces TFH cell specification and increased proliferation. A pathogenic role for Rhoa G17V in cooperation with loss of Tet2 is demonstrated by the development of AITL in a CD4+ specific Rhoa G17V Tet2 knockout mice. However, the specific effector mechanisms driving TFH specification and T-cell transformation downstream of Rhoa G17V remain largely unknown. Here we demonstrate a novel role for Rhoa G17V as a modulator of signaling cascades initiated by sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P), an important lipid mediator of lymphocyte trafficking. Specifically we show that expression of Rhoa G17V results in impaired S1P receptor internalization with the consequent up-regulation of S1P-dependent signaling pathways. In addition, and of potential therapeutic relevance, targeted inhibition of S1P signaling in Tet2-/-RHOA G17V mouse AITL cells induces apoptosis and reduces tumor load in vivo. In all, these results uncover a previously unrecognized role for S1P signaling downstream of Rhoa G17V in AITL tumor cell migration and survival, and support the role of S1P receptors as potential therapeutic target for the treatment of this disease. Disclosures No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.
Prostate precancer detection by Stokes Shift Spectroscopy (2011)

Stokes Shift Spectroscopy (SSS) has emerged as a promising modality in the discrimination of normal from different pathological prostate tissues. Stokes shift (SS) spectra is measured by simultaneously scanning both the excitation and emission wavelengths while keeping a fixed wavelength interval Δλ=20 nm between them. Characteristic, highly resolved peaks and significant spectral differences between normal and different pathological prostate tissues were observed. The SS spectra of normal, hyperplasia and malignant tissues shows the distinct peaks around 300, 345, 440 and 510 nm is attributed to tryptophan, collagen, NADH and flavin respectively. To quantify the spectral differences between normal and different pathological prostate tissues are verified by statistical analysis.
The remote sensing of topography using polarimetric SAR (2002)

A processing technique for polarimetric synthetic aperture radar (SAR) data has been developed which produces profiles of terrain slopes and elevations in the azimuthal (or along-track) direction. The technique estimates the average shift in polarimetric orientation of co-pol (or cross-pol) backscatter caused by azimuthal tilts of the scattering plane. Initial tests of this technique have been made for forested areas near Villingen/Schwenningen in Baden-Wurttemburg (Germany). Subsequent tests of the algorithm have been conducted using polarimetric SAR L-band data for a mountainous, non-forested, region in the Mojave Desert (Ft. Irwin, CA). The radar measured slope (and derived elevation) profiles have low rms errors and high correlation values when compared with digital-elevation maps (DEM) for the two areas. The algorithm is capable of adaptively transitioning from forested areas to regions with open-terrain. Complete elevation and slope mapping of the terrain in two dimensions is possible using this technique when azimuthal elevation profiles are produced throughout the range extent of the SAR image.
Concrete structure for the transmission of loads from the steel lattice of a marine platform and a method of forming said structure. Anordning av betong ved metallisk fagverk hos en marin plattform samt fremgangsmaate ved utfoerelsen av anordningen (1984)

A concrete structure for the transmission of loads from the steel lattice tower of a marine platform resting on the sea bed by means of concrete base plates, the lattice tower being made up of tubular members which form bracing joints with the legs of the platform. The structure comprises a cylindrical hollow body forming at least part of a platform leg, and having on the inside enclosed spaces defined by internal walls and by the hollow body wall, and concrete fixing plugs formed within the enclosed spaces and engaged by the ends of the lattice members, the enclosed spaces being in the form of hollow rings or vertical shafts within the hollow body. 12 drawings.
Electret Ion Chamber Radon Monitors Measure Dissolved 222Rn in Water (1993)

This paper describes a simple and relatively inexpensive method of determining the concentration of dissolved 222Rn in water. The method involves a recently developed electret-passive environmental radon monitor, which uses an electret ion chamber. The procedure consists of sealing a known volume of a carefully collected water sample with one of these monitors in an exposure container and determining the average equilibrium 222Rn gas concentration in the air phase during the exposure time period. This average concentration can then be used to calculate the 222Rn concentration in the original water sample. Identical samples were analyzed both by this new method and by a standard liquid scintillation method, and the results were compared over a wide range of 222Rn concentrations. There was good agreement except that the electret ion chamber method gave results that were consistently lower by about 15%. This bias in the results was attributed to both 222Rn losses during sample handling and possibly to some errors in the assumptions made in the theoretical model. A correction factor is recommended to bring the results of this technique into agreement with the standard method. The procedures are simple and economical and can be easily employed by many primary 222Rn-measuring laboratories currently using these monitors for measuring indoor 222Rn.
Online Denoising Method to Handle Intraindividual Variability of Signal-to-Noise Ratio in Continuous Glucose Monitoring (2011)

In the last decade, the availability of new minimally invasive subcutaneous sensors for monitoring glucose level continuously stimulated research on new online strategies for improving the treatment of diabetes, including hyper/hypoglycemic alert generators and artificial pancreas. An important aspect that has to be dealt with in these applications is the random measurement noise that affects continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) signals. One major difficulty is that for a given sensor technology, the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) can vary from subject to subject (interindividual variability) and also within subject (intraindividual variability). Recently, a denoising approach implemented through a Kalman filter with parameters automatically tuned, once for all, in a burn-in interval was proposed to cope with the interindividual variability of SNR. In this paper, we propose a new denoising method able to cope also with the intraindividual variability of the SNR. The method resorts to a Bayesian smoothing procedure that uses a statistically-based criterion to determine, and continuously update, filter parameters in real time. The performance of the method is assessed on both Monte Carlo simulation and 24 real CGM time series obtained with the Glucoday system (Menarini, Florence, Italy). The method has a general applicability, also outside from the CGM context.