gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A novel anomaly detection approach based on neural networks (2018)

In this paper, we introduce a Long Short Term Memory (LSTM) networks based anomaly detection algorithm, which works in an unsupervised framework. We first introduce LSTM based structure for variable length data sequences to obtain fixed length sequences. Then, we propose One Class Support Vector Machines (OC-SVM) algorithm based scoring function for anomaly detection. For training, we propose a gradient based algorithm to find the optimal parameters for both LSTM architecture and the OC-SVM formulation. Since we modify the original OC-SVM formulation, we also provide the convergence results of the modified formulation to the original one. Thus, the algorithm that we proposed is able to process data with variable length sequences. Also, the algorithm provides high performance for time series data. In our experiments, we illustrate significant performance improvements with respect to the conventional methods.
Synthesis of a new fluorescent small molecule probe and its use for in vivo lipid imaging (2011)

A new small molecule probe for in vivo lipid imaging, LipidGreen (compound 5), was developed. LipidGreen stained lipid droplets in 3T3L1 cell lines and fat deposits in zebrafish without apparent toxicity up to 100 μM. The utility of LipidGreen as a drug screening platform for fat regulation was also demonstrated in live zebrafish.
Extended scope of in situ iodotrimethylsilane mediated selective reduction of benzylic alcohols (2001)

Iodotrimethylsilane, generated in situ from chlorotrimethylsilane and sodium iodide in acetonitrile, selectively reduces moderately electron deficient benzylic alcohols to the analogous toluenes; other reduction sensitive functional groups such as ketone, aldehyde, nitrile, and nitro are unaffected.
Association between Low Plasma Vitamin E Concentration and Progression of Early Cortical Lens Opacities (1996)

The authors evaluated the association between plasma vitamin E content and progression of eye lens opacities. A total of 410 hypercholesterolemic eastern Finnish men participated in the study from January 1990 to September 1993 in Kuopio, Finland. Lens opacities were classified three times at 18-month intervals using the Lens Opacities Classification System II. A low plasma vitamin E level (lowest quartile) was associated with a 3.7-fold excess risk (95% confidence interval 1.2-11.8) of the progression of early cortical lens opacities compared with the highest quartile (p = 0.028). In addition, the number of cigarettes smoked daily was a significant predictor of the progression of cortical lens opacity (relative risk = 1.06 per cigarette, 95% confidence interval 1.003-1.12). The progression of nuclear lens opacities was not associated with either the plasma vitamin E content or smoking. The data suggest that low plasma vitamin E content may be associated with increased risk of the progression of early cortical lens opacity.
Comparison Between Oral and Vaginal Administration of Misoprostol on Uterine Contractility (1999)

In Brief Objective To compare the degree of absorption and the effect on uterine contractility of the prostaglandin E1 analogue misoprostol after vaginal and oral administration. Methods Thirty women with a normal intrauterine pregnancy between 8 and 11 weeks' gestation who requested termination of pregnancy were given either 0.2 mg (orally n = 5; vaginally n = 6) or 0.4 mg (orally n = 10; vaginally n = 9) of misoprostol. Intrauterine pressure was recorded using a Grass polygraph connected to a pressure transducer 30 minutes before misoprostol was given and for 4 hours thereafter. At the end of the recording, suction curettage was performed. Blood samples were obtained at 0, 0.5, 1, 2, 4, and 6 hours for measurement of misoprostol, which was assayed by high-pressure liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry. Results In all patients, the first effect was an increase in uterine tonus. After 0.4 mg of misoprostol administered orally, uterine tonus started to increase after a mean (± standard deviation) time of 7.8 ± 3.0 minutes and reached its maximum after 25.5 ± 5.0 minutes. The corresponding times after vaginal administration were 20.9 ± 5.3 minutes and 46.3 ± 20.7 minutes, respectively. The initial increase in tonus was also more pronounced after oral than after vaginal administration. After vaginal administration, all patients developed uterine contractions; the activity, measured in Montevideo units, increased continuously during the observation period. This was not the case after oral administration. Plasma levels of misoprostol were measured in 18 patients. The highest levels were found 30 minutes after oral treatment and 1–2 hours after vaginal administration. Conclusion The long-lasting and continuously increasing uterine contractility after vaginal administration can be explained only in part by a direct effect of misoprostol. The longer period of elevated plasma levels of misoprostol may also have initiated the prolonged events leading to increased uterine contractility. After vaginal administration of misoprostol, absorption is slower, plasma levels remain elevated longer than with oral administration, and the effect on uterine contractility is prolonged.
Improved SVD systolic array and implementation on FPGA (2004)

This paper presents an efficient systolic array for the computation of the Singular Value Decomposition (SVD). The proposed architecture is three times more efficient and faster than the Brent, Luk, Van Loan (BLV) SVD systolic array. The architecture has been implemented efficiently on FPGA using a high level language for hardware design "Handel-C".
Genome-Wide Copy Number Imbalances Identified in Familial and Sporadic Medullary Thyroid Carcinoma (2003)

Medullary thyroid carcinoma (MTC) is a malignant tumor of the calcitonin-secreting parafollicular C cells of the thyroid occurring sporadically and as a component of the multiple endocrine neoplasia type 2/familial medullary thyroid carcinoma syndrome. The primary genetic cause of multiple endocrine neoplasia type 2 is germline mutation of the RET protooncogene. Somatic point mutations in RET also occur in sporadic MTC. Although RET mutation is likely sufficient to cause C-cell hyperplasia, the precursor lesion to MTC, tumor progression is thought to be due to clonal expansion caused by the accumulation of somatic events. Using the genome-scanning technique comparative genomic hybridization, we identified chromosomal imbalances that occur in MTC including deletions of chromosomes 1p, 3q26.3-q27, 4, 9q13-q22, 13q, and 22q and amplifications of chromosome 19. These regions house known tumor suppressor genes as well as genes encoding subunits of the multicomponent complex of glycosylphosphatidylinositol-linked proteins (glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor family receptors alpha-2-4) and their ligands glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor, neurturin, persephin, and artemin that facilitate RET dimerization and downstream signaling. Chromosomal imbalances in the MTC cell line TT were largely identical to those identified in primary MTC tumors, consolidating its use as a model for studying MTC.
Clinical application of controlled aliasing in parallel imaging results in a higher acceleration (CAIPIRINHA)‐volumetric interpolated breathhold (VIBE) sequence for gadoxetic acid‐enhanced liver MR imaging (2013)

The CAIPIRINHA-VIBE was able to provide a higher spatial resolution, T1-weighted imaging with better image quality compared with a standard VIBE.
Permittivity Coupling across Brain Regions Determines Seizure Recruitment in Partial Epilepsy (2014)

Brain regions generating seizures in patients with refractory partial epilepsy are referred to as the epileptogenic zone (EZ). During a seizure, paroxysmal activity is not restricted to the EZ, but may recruit other brain regions and propagate activity through large brain networks, which comprise brain regions that are not necessarily epileptogenic. The identification of the EZ is crucial for candidates for neurosurgery and requires unambiguous criteria that evaluate the degree of epileptogenicity of brain regions. To obtain such criteria and investigate the mechanisms of seizure recruitment and propagation, we develop a mathematical framework of coupled neural populations, which can interact via signaling through a slow permittivity variable. The permittivity variable captures effects evolving on slow timescales, including extracellular ionic concentrations and energy metabolism, with time delays of up to seconds as observed clinically. Our analyses provide a set of indices quantifying the degree of epileptogenicity and predict conditions, under which seizures propagate to nonepileptogenic brain regions, explaining the responses to intracerebral electric stimulation in epileptogenic and nonepileptogenic areas. In conjunction, our results provide guidance in the presurgical evaluation of epileptogenicity based on electrographic signatures in intracerebral electroencephalograms.
Novelty detection applied to the classification problem using Probabilistic Neural Network (2014)

A novel pattern is an observation which is different as compared to the rest of the data. The task of novelty detection is to build a model which identifies novel patterns from a data set. This model has to be built in such a way that if a pattern is distant from the given training data, it should be classified as a novel pattern otherwise it should be classified into any one of the given classes. In this paper, we present two such new models, based on Probabilistic Neural Network for novelty detection. In the first model, we generate negative examples around the target class data and then train the classifier with these negative examples. In the second model, which is an incremental model, we present a new method to find optimal threshold for each class and if output value for a test pattern being assigned to a target class is less than the threshold of the target class, then we classify that pattern as a novel pattern. We show how decision boundaries are created when we add novelty detection mechanism and when we do not add novelty detection to our model. We show a comparative performance of both approaches.
Conversion of Mixed Waste Office Paper to Ethanol by Genetically Engineered <i>Klebsiella oxytoca</i> Strain P2 (1995)

Abstract Unsorted, mixed waste office paper (MWOP) is an excellent substrate for conversion into fuel ethanol using a recombinant strain of Klebsiella oxytoca which ferments cellobiose and cellotriose to ethanol at near theoretical yields, eliminating the need for supplemental β‐glucosidase. This organism was tested with commercial fungal cellulase in optimized simultaneous saccharification and fermentation experiments (SSF) using MWOP as a substrate (pH 5–15.2, 35 °C). Similar rates and yields were obtained with dilute acid‐pulped (hydrolysis of hemicellulose) and water‐pulped MWOP on a dry weight basis although viscosity was reduced by the acid pretreatment. In simple batch fermentations, 40 g/L ethanol was produced after 48–72 h with 100 g/L MWOP and 1000 filter paper units (FPU) of cellulase/L, a yield of 550 L of ethanol/metric ton. Cellulase usage was further reduced by recycling SSF residues containing bound enzymes in multistage fermentations. This approach reduced the requirement for fungal cellulase while retaining rapid ethanol production and high ethanol yield. In our optimal design, broths containing an average of 39.6 g/L ethanol were produced in three successive stages with an average fermentation time of 80 h (567 FPU of fungal cellulase/L; 6.1 FPU/g of substrate). This represents a yield of 0.426 g of ethanol/g of substrate, 539 L/metric ton, 129 gal/U.S. ton. MWOP contains approximately 90% carbohydrate. Thus the combined efficiency for saccharification and fermentation to ethanol was 83.3% of the theoretical maximum.
Signalling Wavelength in an Antenna Array for Space-Time Wireless over LOS Channels (2005)

We consider the inter-antenna separation in a distributed antenna array. We introduce a new separation constraint with respect to the signalling wavelength, which equals the chip wavelength in DS-CDMA systems and the symbol wavelength in non-spread systems. This constraint ensures the phases of the frequency responses are exercised over 2/spl pi/ in the baseband channel matrix. The diverse phases provide a better channel matrix for signal detection. The multiuser performance improvement due to this constraint has been named as the signalling wavelength antenna placement (SWAP) gain.
The autoimmune conundrum in common variable immunodeficiency disorders (2015)

The increasing comprehension of immunological concepts promoting AID in CVID will allow better and in some cases possibly even targeted treatment. A genetic diagnosis therefore becomes important information in this group of patients, especially in light of the fact that some patients might require hematopoietic stem cell transplantation because of their underlying immunodeficiency.
Polysaccharide Peptide: A promising Anti Inflammation and Anti Oxidant in Atherosclerosis (2015)

Background : Heart disease is the leading cause of death for both men and women, but heart disease is preventable and controllable. Ganoderma lucidum is widely used as traditional medicine for centuries particularly in China, Japan, and Korea. Previous study showed antioxidative activity of polysaccharide peptide (PsP) from Genoderma lucidum.Objective : This study was aimed to evaluate anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effect of polysaccharide peptide (PsP) from Ganoderma lucidum in atherosclerotic rats.Methods : The atherosclerotic rats were randomly divided into four groups (5 rats each group) : atherosclerotic model with high-fat diet, low dose PsP treated group (50 mg/kgBW), medium dose PsP treated group (150 mg/kgBW), high dose PsP treated group (300 mg/kgBW), with normal mice used as a control group. Parameters measured were the level of MDA, SOD, IL - 6 , IL - 10, hsCRP, TNF - ?, lipid profile and foam cell.Results : After PsP therapy for 5 weeks, the levels of MDA (p=0.01), hsCRP (p=0.018) in rats model of atherosclerosis decrease significantly. PsSP can reduce levels of IL - 6 (p=0.933) and increase levels of SOD (p=0.28) descriptively at PsP doses 150 mg/kgBW. While the levels of TNF-? (p=0.894) and IL-10 (p=0.98) was not affected by administration of PsP. PsP improve the lipid profile by increasing HDL (p=0.002) and lowering total cholesterol (p=0.04). The formation of foam cells (p=0.024) as a marker of atherogenesis significantly decreased by administration of PsP .Conclusion : PSP can be useful to reduce inflammatory processes and oxidative stress to prevent the process of atherogenesis.
Image quality analysis of a color LCD as well as a monochrome LCD using a Foveon color CMOS camera (2007)

We have combined a CMOS color camera with special software to compose a multi-functional image-quality analysis instrument. It functions as a colorimeter as well as measuring modulation transfer functions (MTF) and noise power spectra (NPS). It is presently being expanded to examine fixed-pattern noise and temporal noise. The CMOS camera has 9 μm square pixels and a pixel matrix of 2268 x 1512 x 3. The camera uses a sensor that has co-located pixels for all three primary colors. We have imaged sections of both a color and a monochrome LCD monitor onto the camera sensor with LCD-pixel-size to camera-pixel-size ratios of both 12:1 and 17.6:1. When used as an imaging colorimeter, each camera pixel is calibrated to provide CIE color coordinates and tristimulus values. This capability permits the camera to simultaneously determine chromaticity in different locations on the LCD display. After the color calibration with a CS-200 colorimeter the color coordinates of the display's primaries determined from the camera's luminance response are very close to those found from the CS-200. Only the color coordinates of the display's white point were in error. For calculating the MTF a vertical or horizontal line is displayed on the monitor. The captured image is color-matrix preprocessed, Fourier transformed then post-processed. For NPS, a uniform image is displayed on the monitor. Again, the image is pre-processed, transformed and processed. Our measurements show that the horizontal MTF's of both displays have a larger negative slope than that of the vertical MTF's. This behavior indicates that the horizontal MTF's are poorer than the vertical MTF's. However the modulations at the Nyquist frequency seem lower for the color LCD than for the monochrome LCD. The spatial noise of the color display in both directions is larger than that of the monochrome display. Attempts were also made to analyze the total noise in terms of spatial and temporal noise by applying subtractions of images taken at exactly the same exposure. Temporal noise seems to be significantly lower than spatial noise.
Antineoplastic Agents. 600. From the South Pacific Ocean to the Silstatins (2015)

The recent advances in the development of antibody and other drug conjugates for targeted cancer treatment have further increased the need for powerful cancer cell growth inhibitors. Toward that objective we have extended our earlier discovery of the remarkable anticancer bacillistatins 1 and 2 from Bacillus silvestris to SAR and other structural modifications such as availability of a free hydroxy group for antibody-drug conjugate (ADC) and other prodrug linkage. That direction has resulted in seven structural modifications designated silstatins 1-8 (7a, 8a, 8b, 14a, 15a, 15b, 18a, and 18b), where the exceptional cancer cell growth inhibition of some of them are in the range GI50 10(-3)-10(-4) μM/mL. Silstatin 7 (18a) was converted to a glucuronic conjugate (28) that displayed an impressive reduction in toxicity during transport.
Myths and fallacies of "Personally Identifiable Information" (2010)

Developing effective privacy protection technologies is a critical challenge for security and privacy research as the amount and variety of data collected about individuals increase exponentially.
Kinetics of an RNA conformational switch. (1994)

The spliced leader RNA from Leptomonas collosoma has two competing secondary structures of nearly equal free energy. Short, complementary oligonucleotides can drive the structure from one form of the other. We report stopped-flow rapid-mixing and temperature-jump measurements of the kinetics of the structural switch. At high concentrations of oligonucleotide, the rate of binding becomes limited by the rate of the structural switch, which occurs on a time scale of a fraction of a second. The low activation energy observed for the process implies a branch migration type of mechanism in which portions of the two competing helices transiently coexist.
Attitude acquisition system for communication spacecraft (1991)

A new method for the attitude acquisition of a momentum-biased communication spacecraft that is spin stabilized in the transfer orbit is presented. The initial spin axis attitude is parameterized as a quaternion vector using the transfer orbit horizon and sun sensors. The acquisition control system employs direct rate and quaternion feedback to autonomously despin the spacecraft and align the momentum wheel axis along the orbit normal. The quaternion feedback control gains are selected to perform the maneuver along the Euler axis. The control torques are realized by thruster pulse width modulation. A simple thruster pulse width scaling is included to keep the maneuver axis along the Euler axis. A typical attitude acquisition including momentum wheel spin up to the nominal bias level is completed in 1800 s. The momentum wheel axis is brought within 1 deg of the orbit normal. T Tci co Nomenclature = /th axis rate damping gain = inertia matrix = /th axis quarternion feedback gain = externally applied torque vector = torque commanded along the /th axis = angular velocity vector = body rate threshold
A Joint Approach to Global Motion Estimation and Motion Segmentation From a Coarsely Sampled Motion Vector Field (2011)

In many content-based video processing systems, the presence of moving objects limits the accuracy of global motion estimation (GME). On the other hand, the inaccuracy of global motion parameter estimates affects the performance of motion segmentation. In this paper, we introduce a procedure for simultaneous object segmentation and GME from a coarsely sampled (i.e., block-based) motion vector (MV) field. The procedure starts with removing MV outliers from the MV field, and then performs GME to obtain an estimate of global motion parameters. Using these estimates, global motion is removed from the MV field, and moving region segmentation is performed on this compensated MV field. MVs in the moving regions are treated as outliers in the context of GME in the next round of processing. Iterating between GME and motion segmentation helps improve both GME and segmentation accuracy. Experimental results demonstrate the advantage of the proposed approach over state-of-the-art methods on both synthetic motion fields and MVs from real video sequences.
Modeling pigmented materials for realistic image synthesis (1992)

This article discusses and applies the Kubelka-Munk theory of pigment mixing to computer graphics in order to facilitate improved image synthesis. The theories of additive and subtractive color mixing are discussed and are shown to be insufficient for pigmented materials. The Kubelka–Munk theory of pigment mixing is developed and the relevant equations are derived. Pigment mixing experiments are performed and the results are displayed on color television monitors. A paint program that uses Kubelka–Munk theory to mix real pigments is presented. Theories of color matching with pigments are extended to determine reflectances for use in realistic image synthesis.
Mechanical analysis and optimization of a microcantilever sensor coated with a solid receptor film (2011)

This letter presents an analytical model for the static deflection and optimization of a nanomechanical cantilever sensor coated with a solid receptor film. All relevant physical parameters of both cantilever and coating film are included; Young’s modulus, Poisson’s ratio, and geometrical parameters (length, width, and thickness). This model provides accurate values verified by a good agreement with those simulated by finite element analysis, while the Stoney’s equation [G. G. Stoney, Proc. R. Soc. London, Ser. A 82, 172 (1909)] and Sader’s model [J. E. Sader, J. Appl. Phys. 89, 2911 (2001)] which assume ideal surface stress without a solid coating film, result in significant deviation under some conditions. Mechanical analysis and optimization based on experimental results are also demonstrated as an example.
Optimal packet scheduling for wireless video streaming with error-prone feedback (2004)

In wireless video transmission, burst packet errors generally produce more catastrophic results than equal number of isolated errors. To miniimize the playback distortion it is crucial for the sender to know the packet errors at the receiver and then optimally schedule next transmissions. Unfortunately, in practice, feedback errors result in inaccurate observations of the receiving status. In this paper, we develop an optimal scheduling framework to minimize the expected distortion by first estimating the receiving status. Then, we jointly consider the source and channel characteristics and optimally choose the packets to transmit. The optimal transmission strategy is computed through a partially observable Markov decision process. The experimental results show that the proposed framework improves the average peak signal-to-noise ratio (PSNR) by 0.6-1.3 dB upon using a traditional system without packet scheduling. Moreover, we show that the proposed method smoothes out the bursty distortion periods and results in less fluctuating PSNR values.