gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Laser-Induced Intermodulated Flame Fluorescence: A New Approach to Scattering Correction in Analytical Atomic Fluorescence (1984)

It is shown that the technique of intermodulated fluorescence can effectively correct for scattering problems in analytical flame fluorescence spectroscopy. When two laser beams, amplitude-modulated at different frequencies f 1 and f 2 and counterpropagated colinearly throughout an atomizer, are tuned to the absorption transition of the element of interest, non-linear mixing of the fluorescence signal results, due to saturation effects. By extraction of the signal at the sum or difference frequency, f 2 ± f 2 , the linear scattering component of the spectrum can be essentially eliminated. This has been demonstrated for a sodium solution nebulized in a premixed, laminar, argon-oxygen-hydrogen flame. Because the modulation signal can be observed only at the intersection volume between the two beams, this technique constitutes a powerful tool for spatially resolved combustion diagnostics.
Imaging of brain oxygenation with magnetic resonance imaging: A validation with positron emission tomography in the healthy and tumoural brain (2016)

The partial pressure in oxygen remains challenging to map in the brain. Two main strategies exist to obtain surrogate measures of tissue oxygenation: the tissue saturation studied by magnetic resonance imaging (S<sub>t</sub>O<sub>2</sub>-MRI) and the identification of hypoxia by a positron emission tomography (PET) biomarker with 3-[<sup>18</sup>F]fluoro-1-(2-nitro-1-imidazolyl)-2-propanol ([<sup>18</sup>F]-FMISO) as the leading radiopharmaceutical. Nonetheless, a formal validation of S<sub>t</sub>O<sub>2</sub>-MRI against FMISO-PET has not been performed. The objective of our studies was to compare the two approaches in (a) the normal rat brain when the rats were submitted to hypoxemia; (b) animals implanted with four tumour types differentiated by their oxygenation. Rats were submitted to normoxic and hypoxemic conditions. For the brain tumour experiments, U87-MG, U251-MG, 9L and C6 glioma cells were orthotopically inoculated in rats. For both experiments, S<sub>t</sub>O<sub>2</sub>-MRI and [<sup>18</sup>F]-FMISO PET were performed sequentially. Under hypoxemia conditions, S<sub>t</sub>O<sub>2</sub>-MRI revealed a decrease in oxygen saturation in the brain. Nonetheless, [<sup>18</sup>F]-FMISO PET, pimonidazole immunohistochemistry and molecular biology were insensitive to hypoxia. Within the context of tumours, S<sub>t</sub>O<sub>2</sub>-MRI was able to detect hypoxia in the hypoxic models, mimicking [<sup>18</sup>F]-FMISO PET with high sensitivity/specificity. Altogether, our data clearly support that, in brain pathologies, S<sub>t</sub>O<sub>2</sub>-MRI could be a robust and specific imaging biomarker to assess hypoxia.
Video Pulses: User-Based Modeling of Interesting Video Segments (2014)

We present a user-based method that detects regions of interest within a video in order to provide video skims and video summaries. Previous research in video retrieval has focused on content-based techniques, such as pattern recognition algorithms that attempt to understand the low-level features of a video. We are proposing a pulse modeling method, which makes sense of a web video by analyzing users' Replay interactions with the video player. In particular, we have modeled the user information seeking behavior as a time series and the semantic regions as a discrete pulse of fixed width. Then, we have calculated the correlation coefficient between the dynamically detected pulses at the local maximums of the user activity signal and the pulse of reference. We have found that users' Replay activity significantly matches the important segments in information-rich and visually complex videos, such as lecture, how-to, and documentary. The proposed signal processing of user activity is complementary to previous work in content-based video retrieval and provides an additional user-based dimension for modeling the semantics of a social video on the web.
ELECTRONIC PROPERTIES OF MICROCRYSTALLINE SILICON FILMS PREPARED IN A GLOW DISCHARGE PLASMA (1981)

The properties of glow discharge µc Si have been investigated by conductivity, Hall effect and field effect measurements as a function of crystallite size and phosphorus doping ratio. It is concluded that the large increase in σ over a-Si is almost entirely caused by an increased carrier density resulting from delocalised electron tail states. The sign of the Hall constant remains normal down to an extrapolated crystallite size of about 20A.
<i>In Vitro</i> Repair of X-Irradiated DNA Extracted from <i>Bacillus subtilis</i> Deficient in Polymerase I (1972)

DNA extracted from x-irradiated cells of a mutant of Bacillus subtilis deficient in DNA polymerase I has greatly reduced biological activity. This DNA, which has many single-strand nicks, can be repaired in vitro with purified DNA polymerase I and DNA ligase or with lysates of wild-type B. subtilis cells, which restore biological activity and increase the single-strand molecular weight. Lysates of polymerase I-deficient B. subtilis cells cannot repair such irradiated DNA until purified DNA polymerase I or lysate from wild-type cells is added to the deficient lysate.
Measurement of loop gain in feedback systems† (1975)

ABSTRACT In this design of a feedback system it is desirable to make experimental measurements of the loop gain as a function of frequency to ensure that the physical system operates as analytically predicted or, if not, to supply information upon which a design correction can be based. In high loop-gain systems it is desirable that the loop-gain measurement be made without opening the loop. This paper discusses practical methods of measuring and interpreting the results for loop gain of the closed-loop system by a voltage injection or a current-injection technique ; extension to the case in which the measurement can be made even though the system is unstable ; and extension to the case in which neither the voltage nor current-injection technique alone is adequate, but in which a combination of both permits the true loop gain to be derived. These techniques have been found useful not only in linear feedback systems but also in describing-function analysis of switching-mode converters and regulators.
Using Augmented Reality for Multidimensional Data Visualization (2006)

This paper presents a prototype for information visualization in an Augmented Reality environment. The prototype allows users to perform common tasks in desktop information visualization tools, such as data dynamic filters, attribute selection, semantic zoom and details on demand. Such tasks are seldom available in AR environments. We used a customized version of ARToolKit, a software tool that allows the insertion of virtual objects in real environments through cards with marks. The interactive controls as well as the data visualization are projected to the user and manipulated through these cards.
Maple syrup urine disease: mechanisms and management (2017)

Maple syrup urine disease (MSUD) is an inborn error of metabolism caused by defects in the branched-chain α-ketoacid dehydrogenase complex, which results in elevations of the branched-chain amino acids (BCAAs) in plasma, α-ketoacids in urine, and production of the pathognomonic disease marker, alloisoleucine. The disorder varies in severity and the clinical spectrum is quite broad with five recognized clinical variants that have no known association with genotype. The classic presentation occurs in the neonatal period with developmental delay, failure to thrive, feeding difficulties, and maple syrup odor in the cerumen and urine, and can lead to irreversible neurological complications, including stereotypical movements, metabolic decompensation, and death if left untreated. Treatment consists of dietary restriction of BCAAs and close metabolic monitoring. Clinical outcomes are generally good in patients where treatment is initiated early. Newborn screening for MSUD is now commonplace in the United States and is included on the Recommended Uniform Screening Panel (RUSP). We review this disorder including its presentation, screening and clinical diagnosis, treatment, and other relevant aspects pertaining to the care of patients.
Residues Arg568 and Phe592 contribute to an antigenic surface for anti-ADAMTS13 antibodies in the spacer domain (2011)

Immunoglobulin G directed towards a single antigenic surface comprising residues Arg568, Phe592, Arg660, Tyr661 and Tyr665 predominates in the plasma of patients with acquired thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura.
Adobe Creative Suite 2 Tips and Tricks (Tips & Tricks (Adobe)) (2005)

The fully updated Adobe Creative Suite 2 Premium software (which includes Photoshop, Illustrator, InDesign, GoLive, and Acrobat) is a unified design environment. The Creative Suite 2 enables you to realize your ideas anywherei¾in print, on the Web, or on mobile devices, and this info-packed guide lets users get right down to doing just that by focusing on the Creative Suite 2 features they're most likely to use and showcasing each in a stand-alone tip--complete with a relevant hint or two and a graphic example. In this fashion, readers learn just what they need to know, exploring the programs in a way that makes sense to them.
Global feasibility assessment of interrupting the transmission of soil-transmitted helminths: a statistical modelling study (2015)

Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation and Wellcome Trust.
Markers of disease in rheumatoid arthritis (2000)

Substantial progress can be noted in the efforts to demonstrate the usefulness of tissue-related markers of disease in rheumatoid arthritis and other joint diseases. The most informative studies use longitudinal analyses of well-characterized patient groups. Emphasis should be on searching for markers which can be of prognostic significance. New markers need to be assessed in relation to existing ones, such as C-polysaccharide reacting protein and erythrocyte sedimentation rate, which, although not specific, are hard to beat as measures of inflammation. A newly identified matrix component, cartilage intermediate layer protein, has features which make it attractive as a potential cartilage specific marker. Many markers may not in the end prove clinically useful. They will, however, give important insight into pathogenic processes, and may help in evaluating new therapy. Finally, markers originally identified in humans have now proven their value in experimental arthritis.
Partial review of immunotherapeutic pharmacology in stem cell transplantation. (2000)

In two separate lymphoma populations, we examined immune reconstitution following high dose chemotherapy (HDT) and bone marrow transplantation (BMT). In the first study we followed immune reconstitution for one year after HDT and BMT. In the second study we examined the ability of the orally active immunomodulator, Bestatin to augment immune reconstitution following HDT and BMT. The studies on immune reconstitution following HDT and BMT were undertaken in a cohort of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL) patients (n = 35) and examined the peripheral blood (PB) leukocyte subsets and their in vitro functions. Our results demonstrate that monocyte and natural killer (NK) cell engraftment occurred more rapidly then did T cell reconstitution. We also observed a significant decrease in the CD4:CD8 ratio post-transplantation as compared to normal PB donors due to a decrease in CD4+ cells. In addition, following HDT and BMT, measures of T cell function (phytohemagglutinin [PHA] mitogenesis) and T helper cell activity (pokeweed mitogen [PWM] mitogenesis) were consistently depressed as compared to cells from normal PB. Further, we demonstrate a correlation between the loss of T cell function and the frequency of circulating monocytes, suggesting a cause-effect relationship. Despite the dysfunction in T cells following HDT and BMT, immune-modulating agents can still augment the immune function. One such drug is Bestatin (ubenimex), an inhibitor of aminopeptidase (AP) that binds to CD13 on macrophage/monocytes. To examine its immune modulatory activity after HDT and BMT, a dose finding (10, 30, 90 and 180 mg/day) phase Ib trial was conducted with 30 Hodgkin's disease (HD) and NHL patients who received no drug (control), or Bestatin daily for 60 days following BMT. In these studies, Bestatin administration was initiated when the absolute neutrophil count was greater than 250/mm3 on two consecutive days. These studies revealed that Bestatin significantly increased the PHA and PWM responses in a dose-dependent manner. Flow cytometric analysis revealed a significant increase in NK cells (CD56+), B cells (CD19+), as well as the CD4:CD8 cell ratio. The latter observation was associated largely with a depression in the percent of CD8+ T cells as opposed to an increase in CD4+ T cells. We conclude that despite the peripheral tolerance observed following HDT and BMT, Bestatin could significantly increase some, but not all, immune surrogates.
A new general route to the synthesis of polyazamacrocyclic ligands with pendant biomimetic imidazole groups (1989)

Reaction of the secondary amine groups of 1,4,7-triazacyclononane and 1,4,7,10-tetra-azacyclododecane with 1-methyl-2-chloromethylimidazole in the presence of base in non aqueous solvent gives in high yield two new ligands having three (L1) and four (L2) pendant arms on the macrocyclic frame; complexes of the general formula [ML]Y2(M = Fe to Cu; L = L1, L2; Y = CIO4,BPh4) have been obtained, and the structure of [NiL1][ClO4]2 has been established by X-ray crystallography.
Cost Benefit Analysis of Centralized Wastewater Reuse Systems (2012)

The present paper carries out a cost benefit analysis of centralized wastewater reuse systems in Beijing. This study consists of two parts: financial analysis and economic analysis. The financial analysis is made from the point of view of plant manager, in which financial benefits and cost is calculated. The economic analysis is made from the point of view of society, in which the economic, environmental and social benefits and cost are determined. The results of financial analysis show that the financial benefits are larger than cost, which means the centralized wastewater reuse systems are financially feasible. It implies that the investment on centralized wastewater reuse systems is profitable. The results of economic analysis show that the ratio of benefit to cost is larger than 1, which means the centralized wastewater reuse systems are economically feasible. It implies that centralized wastewater reuse systems have positive effects on the society. From the point of view of plant manager, centralized wastewater reuse systems could operate in a long term, while from the point of view of government or society, the centralized wastewater reuse systems are worth to be promoted.
Tensile test of a single nanofiber using an atomic force microscope tip (2005)

In this study, an approach using an atomic force microscope (AFM) tip to stretch a single electrospun polyethylene oxide (PEO) nanofiber is demonstrated. One end of the nanofiber is attached to a movable optical microscope stage and the other end of the nanofiber to a piezoresistive AFM cantilever tip. The nanofiber is stretched by moving the microscope stage and the force is measured via the deflection of the cantilever. The elastic modulus of PEO nanofiber is found to be about 45MPa.
Catalase-Peroxidase Gene Sequences in Isoniazid-Sensitive and -Resistant Strains of Mycobacterium tuberculosis from New York City (1993)

Isoniazid resistance in Mycobacterium tuberculosis is associated with lack of catalase-peroxidase activity. A recent study showed that some isoniazid-resistant M. tuberculosis strains have a complete deletion of the gene (katG) encoding this enzyme. To examine what proportion of clinical isolates of M. tuberculosis have katG deletion, katG sequences in 80 randomly selected isolates from New York City were analyzed. Polymerase chain reaction was used to amplify a 282-bp segment of M. tuberculosis katG and showed that 35 (90%) of 39 isoniazid-sensitive and 31 (76%) of 41 isoniazid-resistant strains contained katG sequences (P > .1). Ten multidrug and high-level isoniazid-resistant strains with identical restriction fragment length polymorphism patterns were also analyzed. All were found to have katG sequences. These findings suggest that mechanisms other than complete deletion of katG are involved in isoniazid resistance among most clinical isolates of M. tuberculosis from New York City.
Prevalence of Celiac Disease in At-Risk and Not-At-Risk Groups in the United States (2003)

<h3>Background</h3> Celiac disease (CD) is an immune-mediated enteropathic condition triggered in genetically susceptible individuals by the ingestion of gluten. Although common in Europe, CD is thought to be rare in the United States, where there are no large epidemiologic studies of its prevalence. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of CD in at-risk and not-at-risk groups in the United States. <h3>Methods</h3> Serum antigliadin antibodies and anti–endomysial antibodies (EMA) were measured. In EMA-positive subjects, human tissue transglutaminase IgA antibodies and CD-associated human leukocyte antigen DQ2/DQ8 haplotypes were determined. Intestinal biopsy was recommended and performed whenever possible for all EMA-positive subjects. A total of 13 145 subjects were screened: 4508 first-degree and 1275 second-degree relatives of patients with biopsy-proven CD, 3236 symptomatic patients (with either gastrointestinal symptoms or a disorder associated with CD), and 4126 not-at-risk individuals. <h3>Results</h3> In at-risk groups, the prevalence of CD was 1:22 in first-degree relatives, 1:39 in second-degree relatives, and 1:56 in symptomatic patients. The overall prevalence of CD in not-at-risk groups was 1:133. All the EMA-positive subjects who underwent intestinal biopsy had lesions consistent with CD. <h3>Conclusions</h3> Our results suggest that CD occurs frequently not only in patients with gastrointestinal symptoms, but also in first- and second-degree relatives and patients with numerous common disorders even in the absence of gastrointestinal symptoms. The prevalence of CD in symptomatic patients and not-at-risk subjects was similar to that reported in Europe. Celiac disease appears to be a more common but neglected disorder than has generally been recognized in the United States.
U-grooved SIT CMOS technology with 3 fJ and 49 ps (7 mW, 350 fJ) operation (1990)

Static induction transistor (SIT) CMOS is analyzed by a circuit simulation method. According to the results, the propagation delay time of the SIT CMOS could be represented as the ratio of the load capacitance to the transconductance. The U-grooved structure plays an important role in the fabrication of MOS SIT with large transconductance and small parasitic capacitance. U-grooved SIT CMOS has been fabricated by anisotropic plasma etching, and its switching speed has been evaluated by a 31-stage ring oscillator. A minimum rho - tau product of 3 fJ/gate has been obtained for a design rule of 1- mu m channel length. A minimum propagation delay time of 49 ps/gate has also been obtained at a dissipation power of 7 mW/gate, which corresponds to a rho - tau product of 350 fJ/gate.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Metarule: A System that Learns to Diagnose Radionuclide Imagery (1989)

An integrated workstation for the learning and application of diagnostic rules to thallium radionuclide scintigraphy is under development. The METARULE system extracts features of diagnostic significance from digitized imagery using pattern matching techniques. A new symbolic induction algorithm is applied to feature sets paired with expert diagnoses to learn diagnostic rules. The rules are produced both in structured English and in a format useable by the workstation's expert system shell.
Experimental studies using a confined radial nozzle (1994)

Thermal management of high power electronic components with dissipation ratings of over 2--3 W/cm{sup 2} clearly demands non-traditional means to be successful. Many different approaches have been attempted in the past with varying degrees of success. In the last 8 years radial jet reattachment (RJR) has been proven in the laboratory to be a novel and effective mechanism for high surface heat removal rates with negligible downward force as compared with impinging open jets. These nozzles produce only positive forces on the impingement surface. Impinging jets in confined conditions (inside enclosures or between parallel plates) have also been proven to be highly effective with high heat removal rates, suggesting the use of radial nozzles in similar conditions. Thus, confined radial jet reattachment has the potential of achieving even higher rates than impinging jets. However, no data (pressures or heat transfer) are available using confined radial nozzles as explained above. The experiments reported herein were carried out using one radial nozzle discharging in confined conditions (air issuing inside two parallel plates, for example.) Surface pressure distributions over both plates are presented for different geometrical and operational conditions. Results indicate that for the cases tested the radial jet almost always reattaches to more » the bottom surface, and that the Reynolds number is an important parameter. « less
Gene mapping of familial autosomal dominant dilated cardiomyopathy to chromosome 10q21-23. (1996)

Dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM) is the most common form of primary myocardial disorder, accounting for 60% of all cardiomyopathies. In 20-30% of cases, familial inheritance can be demonstrated; an autosomal dominant transmission is the usual type of inheritance pattern identified. Previously, genetic heterogeneity was demonstrated in familial autosomal dominant dilated cardiomyopathy (FDCM). Gene localization to chromosome 1 (1p1-1q1 and 1q32), chromosome 3 (3p25-3p22), and chromosome 9 (9q13-9q22) has recently been identified. We report one family with 26 members (12 affected) with familial autosomal dominant dilated cardiomyopathy in which linkage to chromosome 10 at the 10q21-q23 locus is identified. Using short tandem repeat polymorphism (STR) markers with heterozygosity > 70%, 169 markers (50% of the genome) were used before linkage was found to markers D10S605 and D10S201 with a pairwise LOD score = 3.91, theta = 0, penetrance = 100% for both markers. Linkage to 1p1-1q1, 1q32, 3p25-3p22, and 9q13-9q22 was excluded. We conclude that a new locus for pure autosomal dominant FDCM exists, and that this gene is localized to a 9 cM region of 10q21-10q23. The search for the disease causing gene and the responsible mutation(s) is ongoing.
Detrimental Ventricular Remodeling in Patients With Congenital Complete Heart Block and Chronic Right Ventricular Apical Pacing (2004)

Prolonged ventricular dyssynchrony induced by long-term endovenous RVP is associated with deleterious LV remodeling, LV dilatation, LV asymmetrical hypertrophy, and low exercise capacity. These new data highlight the importance of the ventricular activation sequence in all patients with chronic ventricular pacing.
Some fundamental limitations of achromatic holographic systems (1989)

Fundamental limitations on achromatic holographic systems are examined by using Gaussian-bracket expressions for the first order and chromatic properties of a general holographic system. It is shown that there is one and only one holographic triplet that is corrected for both primary-color errors and secondary axial color. Secondary color is shown to be fundamentally uncorrectible in a holographic triplet. Also, a rigorous proof is given that any achromatic image of a real object that is formed by an all-holographic imaging system must be virtual, regardless of the number of holographic elements in the system.