gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Effects of the textile-sensor interface on stitched strain sensor performance (2019)

The influence of the textile substrate on the performance of a textile-based strain sensor has not been well understood or characterized in many wearable sensor evaluations. The underlying textile has its own anisotropic mechanical behaviors due to its woven or knit fabrication process, and introduces non-trivial structural influences on integrated wearable strain sensors. This study considers stitched strain sensors of two stitch geometries, fabricated on two different knit fabrics, with the sensor stitched in different orientations with respect to the knit structure. The resulting mechanical and electrical performance is characterized under cyclic extension, as the angle of extension (relative to the fabric) is also incrementally changed. The results illustrate a shift from linear to non-linear mechanical behavior as fabric stiffness increases, and variations in behavior between stitch geometries. Results show that force direction and sensor placement both introduce variability in calculated elastic modulus, which affect sensor modeling (e.g. predicting applied force from sensor response). A novel stitch geometry (the chainstitch sensor) is characterized as having a higher gauge force and lower transverse sensitivity factor than the coverstitch sensor. This work offers insight into the textile-sensor interface and design implications for development of textile-based sensors.
Explicit codes uniformly reducing repair bandwidth in distributed storage (2010)

Abstract—A distributed storage setting is considered where a file of size B is to be stored across n storage nodes. A data collector should be able to reconstruct the entire data by downloading the symbols stored in any k nodes. When a node fails, it is replaced by a new node by downloading data from some of the existing nodes. The amount of download is termed as repair bandwidth. One way to implement such a system is to store one fragment of an (n, k) MDS code in each node, in which case the repair bandwidth is B. Since repair of a failed node consumes network bandwidth, codes reducing repair bandwidth are of great interest. Most of the recent work in this area focuses on reducing the repair bandwidth of a set of k nodes which store the data in uncoded form, while the reduction in the repair bandwidth of the remaining nodes is only marginal. In this paper, we present an explicit code which reduces the repair bandwidth for all the nodes to approximately B/2. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first explicit code which reduces the repair bandwidth of all the nodes for all feasible values of the system parameters. I.
Transmission of JPEG2000 codestreams over packet erasure channels (2003)

An unequal loss protection framework for transmission of JPEG2000 codestreams over packet erasure channels is presented. A joint source-channel coding approach is adopted to form the JPEG2000 codestream and assign the appropriate amount of protection to different sections of the codestream. Experimental results indicate that the proposed scheme yields excellent performance across a wide range of packet loss rates.
Targeted Delivery to Cartilage Is Critical for In Vivo Efficacy of Insulin‐like Growth Factor 1 in a Rat Model of Osteoarthritis (2014)

Heparin-binding domain fusions can transform rapidly cleared proteins into potential intraarticular therapies by targeting them to cartilage.
Performance of magneto-optical recording media with direct overwrite capability (1988)

The feasibility of directly overwriting certain magneto-optical recording materials without the use of an external magnetic field has recently been demonstrated in our laboratory. In this report experiments to evaluate the beam positioning accuracy necessary for successful direct overwrite, the effects of static bias fields on the direct overwrite process, and the possibility of writing and erasing domains of arbitrary length on direct-overwrite materials are discussed. The data show that an error in beam positioning of at least 75% of the nominal domain diameter is tolerable for complete erasure without an external applied field. Application of particular values of dc bias field is shown to decrease the pulse width required to write while only slightly narrowing the allowed margin of erase pulse width, thus raising the allowed data rate.
Ultrasonic characteristics of <i>in</i> <i>vitro</i> human cancellous bone (2006)

Cancellous bone is comprised of a connected network of trabeculae and is considered as an inhomogeneous and anisotropic acoustic medium. The fast and slow longitudinal waves are clearly observed when the ultrasonic wave propagates parallel to the direction of the trabeculae. The propagation speed of the fast wave increases with bone density and that of the slow wave is almost constant. The fast wave amplitude increases proportionally and the slow wave amplitude decreases inversely with bone density. Human in vitro femoral head was sectioned to 10-mm-thick slices perpendicularly to the femoral cervical axis. These cancellous bone samples were subjected to the ultrasonic measurement system LD-100 using a narrow focused beam. The propagation speed and the amplitude of the transmitted wave both for the fast and slow waves were measured at 1-mm intervals. The local bone density corresponding to the measured points was obtained using a microfocus x-ray CT system. Experimental results show that the propagation speeds and amplitudes for the fast and slow waves are characterized not only by the local bone density, but also by the local trabecular structure.
New monolithic switched-capacitor differentiators with good noise rejection (1989)

Inverting and noninverting switched-capacitor (SC) differentiators suitable for integrated-circuit implementation are proposed and analyzed. Their structures are simple, parasitic-free, and less sensitive to offset voltage and power-supply voltage changes. In addition, their fabrication process and operating clocks are fully compatible with conventional SC integrators. Noise analysis shows a good low-frequency noise-rejection capability. The high-frequency noise can be suppressed and does not overdrive the output of the SC differentiators. To demonstrate the application of the SC differentiators in the SC filter, a bandpass differentiator-type biquad is presented. Both the differentiators and the biquad have been fabricated and measured. The differentiation waveforms and the good consistency between the measured and the simulated circuit responses verify the correct operation of the SC differentiators.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Imatinib mesylate in polycythemia vera (2004)

Imatinib mesylate in polycythemia veraIn the September 15, 2003, issue of Blood, 1 Oehler et al describe imatinib mesylate inhibition of the autonomous in vitro proliferation of peripheral blood-and bone marrow-derived polycythemia vera (PV) erythroid burst-forming units (BFU-Es).While their results superficially correlate with the previously published in vivo clinical observations of Silver, 2 the conclusions of Oehler et al are at variance with their own data and the known pathophysiology of PV.First, contrary to the authors' supposition, autonomous in vitro erythroid colony formation does not define the limits of the malignant clone in PV. 3 Indeed, PV erythropoietin-independent BFU-Es could give rise to erythropoietin-dependent BFU-Es. 4 Second, with respect to the actual suppression of autonomous PV BFU-Es by imatinib mesylate, in 7 of the 13 patients studied, in vitro colony formation was not sufficiently robust for meaningful interpretation of the data, and for the rest, inhibition was not always complete and the dose of imatinib mesylate required was similar to that previously observed to suppress normal marrow BFU-E proliferation. 5 Third, and most important, imatinib mesylate failed to significantly inhibit PV BFU-E proliferation in the presence of hematopoietic growth factors.The authors consider this to be due to the proliferation of coexistent normal erythroid progenitor cells without providing actual proof from clonality assays.However, since most, if not all, circulating PV erythroid progenitor cells derive from the malignant clone, 6 it is unlikely that normal erythroid progenitor proliferation could account for the growth factor-associated resistance to imatinib mesylate, nor were these cells less sensitive to imatinib mesylate in vitro.Rather, it is more likely that it was the PV erythroid progenitor cells that were resistant.In this regard, it is also important to note that Oehler et al used unfractionated peripheral blood mononuclear cells rather than purified erythroid progenitor cells in their experiments.Since imatinib mesylate inhibits in vitro monocyte proliferation and differentiation, 7 given the conditions of their experimental protocol, it is impossible for Oehler et al to determine if the results they observed were a consequence of imatinib mesylate's effects on monocytes as opposed to erythroid progenitor cells.The hematopoietic growth factor-associated resistance of the erythroid progenitor cells to imatinib mesylate suggests that the drug was indeed acting on the monocytes in the cultured mononuclear cell population.Finally, it is worth emphasizing that PV is a disorder arising in a multipotent hematopoietic progenitor cell, not a committed erythroid progenitor cell.Indeed, the authors appear to have overlooked the observation that c-kit expression in PV is increased in these cells, 8 which may account for the observed clinical effects of imatinib mesylate in this disorder. 2,9,10Chemotherapy directed at committed erythroid progenitor cells, even if effective, would be unlikely to have more impact on the natural history of PV than phlebotomy.
Effect of sparkling luminous elements on the overall brightness impression: A pilot study (2000)

An experiment was performed to investigate the influence of sparkling luminous elements on overall brightness impressions. Evaluations of overall brightness impressions were carried out under various lighting conditions in which the luminance, size, shape and background luminance of the luminous element were varied. Subjective appraisals of the impression (sparkling, glaring or merely bright) of luminous elements were also carried out. The results suggested that the overall brightness impression of a room with a sparkling luminous element is often about 1.2-1.3 times higher than that without a luminous element The optimum lighting conditions that increased the overall brightness impression were elucidated.
Hierarchical Nanostructuring of Porous Silicon with Electrochemical and Regenerative Electroless Etching (2019)

Hierarchically nanostructured silicon was produced by regenerative electroless etching (ReEtching) of Si powder made from pulverized anodized porous silicon. This material is characterized by ∼15 nm mesopores, into the walls of which tortuous 2-4 nm pores have been introduced. The walls are sufficiently narrow that they support quantum-confined crystallites that are photoluminescent. With suitable parameters, the ReEtching process also provides control over the emission color of the photoluminescence. Ball milling and hydrosilylation of this powder with undecylenic acid produces nanoparticles with hydrodynamic diameter of ∼220 nm that exhibit robust and bright luminescence that can be excited with either one ultraviolet/visible photon or two near-infrared photons. The long-lived, robust visible photoluminescence of these chemically passivated porous silicon nanoparticles is well-suited for bioimaging and theranostic applications.
A Dual Electrolyte H<sub>2</sub>/O<sub>2</sub> Planar Membraneless Microchannel Fuel Cell System with Open Circuit Potentials in Excess of 1.4 V (2005)

A dual electrolyte H2/O2 fuel cell system employing a planar microfluidic membraneless fuel cell has been investigated and compared to single electrolyte H2/O2 systems under analogous conditions. The fuel is H2 dissolved in 0.1 M KOH (pH 13), and the oxidant is O2 dissolved in 0.1 M H2SO4 (pH 0.9), comprising a system with a calculated thermodynamic potential of 1.943 V (when 1 M H2 and O2 concentrations are assumed). This value is well above the calculated thermodynamic maximum of 1.229 V for an acid, or alkaline, single electrolyte H2/O2 fuel cell. Experimentally, open-circuit potentials in excess of 1.4 V have been achieved with the dual electrolyte system. This is a 500 mV increase in the open circuit potentials observed for single electrolyte H2/O2 systems also studied. The dual electrolyte fuel cell system shows power generation of 0.6 mW/cm2 from a single device, which is nearly 0.25 mW/cm2)greater than the values obtained for single electrolyte H2/O2 fuel cell systems studied. Microchannels of varying dimensions have been employed to study both the single and dual electrolyte H2/O2 systems. Channel thickness variation and the flow rate dependences of power generation are also addressed.
Development of a Transient Flow Aerosol Mixer-Heater System for Lung Delivery of Nasally Administered Aerosols Using a Nasal Cannula (2014)

Previous studies have demonstrated improved nose-to-lung aerosol drug delivery with controlled condensational growth methods using a mixer-heater developed to synchronize aerosol delivery with patient inhalation. The goal of this study was to develop a new mixer-heater that delivers aerosols with a transient flow profile similar to a sinusoidal breathing waveform. The mixer-heater consisted of a chamber with two blowers delivering aerosol during the inhalation cycle of three sinusoidal breathing profiles. The effects of breathing profiles and mode of condensational growth delivery were studied using two in vitro extrathoracic airway models (closed- and open-mouth options). In excipient enhanced growth (EEG) delivery mode, increasing peak exhalation breathing flow rate decreased the emitted dose from the mixer-heater using the closed-mouth model. The mean (SD) emitted doses were 92 (2)%, 77 (2)%, and 70 (2)%, with 23, 35, and 44 L/min peak exhalation breathing flow rates, respectively. Using the in vitro open-mouth model mitigated the effect of breathing and the emitted doses were 93 (0.5)%, 83 (3)%, and 90 (4)% using the breathing profiles. The emitted doses in enhanced condensational growth (ECG) delivery mode using the breathing profiles with peak flow rates of 23, 35, and 44 L/min were 63 (4)%, 58 (2)%, and 58 (1)%, which were consistently lower than with EEG. Similarly, using the open-mouth model in ECG mode increased emitted doses to 77 (3)%, 73 (2)%, and 77 (8)%, respectively. The developed aerosol mixer-heater delivered greater than 50% of the nominal dose using a flow profile of sinusoidal inhalation, which represents a significant improvement compared to the current methods.Copyright 2014 American Association for Aerosol Research
Development of Fe/sub 3/Al-based aluminides (1987)

Iron aluminides based on Fe/sub 3/Al possess many attractive properties for structural use. However, limited ductility at ambient temperatures and a sharp drop in strength above 600/sup 0/C restrict their use as structural materials. The goal of the present study is to develop Fe/sub 3/Al-based aluminides with optimum combinations of strength, ductility, and corrosion resistance for use as hot components in advanced fossil energy conversion systems. From a study of the properties of alloys of 24 to 30 at. % Al, it has been determined that the most promising alloy for further development is Fe-28 at. % Al. A discussion of the effect of aluminum concentration on mechanical properties is included in this paper. Initially, 0.5 wt % TiB/sub 2/ was added for grain refinement. It has since been determined that these precipitates are deleterious to the weldability, and for future alloy development they will not be added. Alloy additions have been shown to improve both the high-temperature strength and room-temperature ductility. Results of weldability and tensile and creep tests, as well as the present status of oxidation and aqueous corrosion tests, are reported. 17 refs., 7 figs., 3 tabs.
An Analysis of Optimal Training for Correlated Fading Channels Using Cutoff Rate (2004)

Abstract : We consider the problem of optimal allocation of resources (power and bandwidth) between training and data for transmission over a Gauss Markov fading channel. Inaccurate channel state information ((CSI) is available at the receiver through periodic training. The transmitter is assumed to have knowledge of the channel Doppler spread. We compute the ergodic cutoff rate Ro for the temporally-correlated Rayleigh flat fading channels with imperfect channel state information (CSI) available at the receiver. We study MMSE estimators that predict the current channel state based on: all past pilot observations, only the most recent pilot observation, and the most recent and next in the future pilot observations.
Magnetic Wire Traps and Programmable Manipulation of Biological Cells (2009)

We present a multiplex method, based on microscopic programmable magnetic traps in zigzag wires patterned on a platform, to simultaneously apply directed forces on multiple fluid-borne cells or biologically inert magnetic microparticles or nanoparticles. The gentle tunable forces do not produce damage and retain cell viability. The technique is demonstrated with T-lymphocyte cells remotely manipulated (by a joystick) along desired trajectories on a silicon surface with average speeds up to 20 microm/s.
Correction of hyperopia by intrastromal cutting and liquid filler injection (2019)

Correction of hyperopia requires an increase of the refractive power by steepening of the corneal surface. Present refractive surgical techniques based on corneal ablation (LASIK) or intrastromal lenticule extraction (SMILE) are problematic due to epithelial regrowth. Recently, it was shown that correction of low hyperopia can be achieved by implanting intracorneal inlays or allogeneic lenticules. We demonstrate a steepening of the anterior corneal surface after injection of a transparent, liquid filler material into a laser-dissected intrastromal pocket. We performed the study on ex-vivo porcine eyes. The increase of the refractive power was evaluated by optical coherence tomography (OCT). For a circular pocket, injection of 1 μl filler material increased the refractive power by +4.5 diopters. An astigmatism correction is possible when ellipsoidal intrastromal pockets are created. Injection of 2 μl filler material into an ellipsoidal pocket increased the refractive power by +10.9 dpt on the short and +5.1 dpt on the long axis. OCT will enable to monitor the refractive change during filler injection and is thus a promising technique for real-time dosimetry.
Abstract 13327: Modulation of Proprotein Convertase Subtilisin/Kexin Type 9 Function via Interaction with Apolipoprotein B/Lipoprotein Particles (2012)

Proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 (PCSK9), is secreted from the liver and circulates in plasma where it modulates low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) by mediating the degradatio...
Application of Models of Defibrillation to Human Defibrillation Data (1997)

Background Theoretical models predict that optimal capacitance for implantable cardioverter-defibrillators (ICDs) is proportional to the time-dependent parameter of the strength-duration relationship. The hyperbolic model gives this relationship for average current in terms of the chronaxie (t c ). The exponential model gives the relationship for leading-edge current in terms of the membrane time constant (τ m ). We hypothesized that these models predict results of clinical studies of ICD capacitance if human time constants are used. Methods and Results We studied 12 patients with epicardial ICDs and 15 patients with transvenous ICDs. Defibrillation threshold (DFT) was determined for 120-μF monophasic capacitive-discharge pulses at pulse widths of 1.5, 3.0, 7.5, and 15 ms. To compare the predictions of the average-current versus leading-edge-current methods, we derived a new exponential average-current model. We then calculated individual patient time parameters for each model. Model predictions were validated by retrospective comparison with clinical crossover studies of small-capacitor and standard-capacitor waveforms. All three models provided a good fit to the data ( r 2 =.88 to .97, P <.001). Time constants were lower for transvenous pathways (53±7 Ω) than epicardial pathways (36±6 Ω) (t c , P <.001; average-current τ m , P =.002; leading-edge-current τ m , P <.06). For epicardial pathways, optimal capacitance was greater for either average-current model than for the leading-edge-current model ( P <.001). For transvenous pathways, optimal capacitance differed for all three models ( P <.001). All models provided a good correlation with the effect of capacitance on DFT in previous clinical studies: r 2 =.75 to .84, P <.003. For 90-μF, 120-μF, and 150-μF capacitors, predicted stored-energy DFTs were 3% to 8%, 8% to 16%, and 14% to 26% above that for the optimal capacitance. Conclusions Model predictions based on measured human cardiac-muscle time parameter have a good correlation with clinical studies of ICD capacitance. Most of the predicted reduction in DFT can be achieved with ≈90-μF capacitors.
Experimental demonstration of x-space magnetic particle imaging (2011)

We have developed a new systems theory for analyzing Magnetic Particle Imaging (MPI), x-space MPI, that motivates an image reconstruction technique requiring only a simple scaling and mapping of the raw signal to image space. As a result, reconstruction time scales linearly with image size. Moreover, we expect there to be no noise gain due to performing a matrix inverse. Reconstruction is simple and can be performed in real-time. Furthermore, there is no "System Function" and no requirement to pre-characterize the nanoparticle in the imaging system before imaging. So far, there has not been an experimental test of the x-space theory on an imaging system. In this paper we begin by describing the theoretical signal that we would expect from the imager for a SPIO nanoparticle source. We then construct a small scale MPI imager to test x-space. We conclude with images from the x-space scanner using the iron oxide tracer Resovist. Our preliminary images show 1.6 mm spatial resolution using a 6.0 T/m gradient that closely matches the expected image resolution from x-space theory. In conclusion, our data supports the theory that MPI can be considered a linear, shift invariant system. This bodes well for the future as we scale MPI scanners to human sizes as large images can be reconstructed simply and rapidly.