gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Modification of the Axial Offsets Trajectory Method to Control Xenon Oscillation during Load Following Operations. (1996)

A new method which can give continuous guidance for controlling axial xenon oscillations in large PWRs has been presented. The method is based on two additional newly defined axial offsets, AOi and AOx together with the conventional axial offset of power distribution AOp. AOi and AOx are the axial offsets of power distributions which would give the current iodine and xenon distributions under equilibrium conditions, respectively. The information from AOi, AOx and AOp are used to display the trajectory of (AOp-AOx, AOi-AOx) in the X-Y plane. be controlled quite easily to lead the plot to the origin where three AOs are identical. The method has been proved with the power level constant. However, it is necessary to modify the definition
Transient Evolution of Surface Roughness on Patterned GaAs(001) during Homoepitaxial Growth (2004)

We have investigated the length scale dependence of the transient evolution of surface roughness during homoepitaxial growth on GaAs(100), patterning the surface lithographically with an array of cylindrical pits of systematically varied sizes and spacings. Our atomic force microscopy measurements show that the amplitude of the surface corrugation has nonmonotonic behavior in both the length scale dependence and time evolution. This behavior allows us to rule out a number of existing continuum models of growth.
Melt splice of multimode optical fibre with an electric arc (1977)

The arc-fusion method for splicing has been improved by adopting a new technique. Fibre ends to be spliced are smoothly arranged by prefusion before the fibres are pressed and fused together. An average splicing loss of 0.09 dB has been attained by using the new method.
Body fluid composition in chronic renal failure. (1981)

Studies were performed to assess body fluid composition alterations occurring in 10 patients undergoing chronic hemodialysis. Red cell mass (RCM), plasma volume (PV), extracellular fluid volume (ECF), and total body water (TBW) were assessed 24 hours following hemodialysis to dry weight, following infusion of normal saline to increase body weight by approximately 2 kg, and following hemodialysis to decrease body weight by approximately 2 kg. Results demonstrate that TBW constituted from 48.5 to 51.0% of body weight. The ECF constituted from 41.8 to 46.3% of the total body water. The ratio of PV to interstitial fluid (ISF) volume (ISF = ECF - PV) approximated 1.1 to 1.2:3. Salt and water alterations (isotonic saline infusion and ultrafiltration) were restricted to the ECF component of the TBW. In the ECF, it was principally the ISF that buffered salt and water expansion or depletion. There was no evidence for volume alterations in the intracellular fluid (ICF = TBW - ECF). We conclude that the ISF is the buffer zone which maintains the proper balance and relationship between vascular capacity and volume.
Mel-18 Negatively Regulates <i>INK4a/ARF</i>-Independent Cell Cycle Progression via Akt Inactivation in Breast Cancer (2008)

Mel-18, a polycomb group (PcG) protein, has been suggested as a tumor suppressor in human breast cancer. Previously, we reported that Mel-18 has antiproliferative activity in breast cancer cells. However, its functional mechanism has not been fully elucidated. Here, we investigated the role of Mel-18 in human breast cancer. We saw an inverse correlation between Mel-18 and phospho-Akt, which were expressed at low and high levels, respectively, in primary breast tumor tissues from 40 breast cancer patients. The effect of Mel-18 on cell growth was examined in two breast cancer cell lines, SK-BR-3 and T-47D, which express relatively low and high levels of endogenous Mel-18, respectively. On Mel-18 overexpression in SK-BR-3 cells, cell growth was attenuated and G(1) arrest was observed. Likewise, suppression of Mel-18 by antisense expression in T-47D cells led to enhanced cell growth and accelerated G(1)-S phase transition. In these cells, cyclin-dependent kinase (Cdk)-4 and Cdk2 activities were affected by Mel-18, which were mediated by changes in cyclin D1 expression and p27(Kip1) phosphorylation at Thr(157), but not by INK4a/ARF genes. The changes were both dependent on the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/Akt signaling pathway. Akt phosphorylation at Ser(473) was reduced by Mel-18 overexpression in SK-BR-3 cells and enhanced by Mel-18 suppression in T-47D cells. Akt-mediated cytoplasmic localization of p27(Kip1) was inhibited by Mel-18 in SK-BR-3 cells. Moreover, Mel-18 overexpression showed reduced glycogen synthase kinase-3beta phosphorylation, beta-catenin nuclear localization, T-cell factor/lymphoid enhancer factor promoter activity, and cyclin D1 mRNA level. Taken together, we established a linear relationship between Mel-18-->Akt-->G(1) phase regulators.
Formation of InGaAs Quantum Disks Using Droplet Lithography (2007)

We demonstrate a nanolithography technique using droplet epitaxy and wet-chemical etching. The etching process is performed with buried InGaAs quantum well structures on which self-assembled In droplets were grown by molecular beam epitaxy. The In droplets act as a mask for the etching, engendering the formation of submicron-scale mesa structures with InGaAs quantum disks (QDisks). High-yield photoluminescence emissions from single InGaAs QDisks in a mesa structure are observed by micro-photoluminescence measurement. This nanolithography technique is promising for the formation of high-quality mesa structures using simple processes.
A Simple Continuously Recording Infrared Optometer (1983)

The design of a continuously recording infrared optometer for measuring dynamic changes in ocular accommodation is described. The optometer operates on the Scheiner principle, provides a good signal-to-noise ratio, and has several practical advantages over other optometers described in vision literature. It is primarily designed for use in animal experimentation but can be used for humans if eye and pupil movements are controlled. The design of a schematic eye for assessing the dynamic response of the optometer is also presented. Several methods of calibrating the optometer in absolute units are discussed.
The use of QTVR for teaching radiology and diagnostic imaging (2001)

This paper reports on the preparation of a technology-mediated alternative to print-based external study of a postgraduate unit in veterinary diagnostic imaging. A number of innovative uses of technology had to be developed in order to meet the educational requirements. Large radiograph images were converted into QuickTime VR format, which enabled them to be zoomed into and navigated, with significant savings in file size. An electronic whiteboard was developed using multi-user ShockWave, which enabled users to share and annotate QTVR images across the internet, while still retaining the QTVR navigation functions. A FileMaker Pro database was used to maintain details of images and associated clinical information. Finally, web pages were generated from the database as interactive case studies, delivered on CD. The paper outlines how these technologies are linked together in new ways to meet the learning needs of students.
Rapid transmission of the protozoan parasite<i>Histomonas meleagridis</i>in turkeys and specific pathogen free chickens following cloacal infection with a mono-eukaryotic culture (2006)

In the present investigation, the pathogenicity and transmission of a mono-eukaryotic culture of Histomonas meleagridis for commercial turkeys and specific pathogen free (SPF) chickens is described for the first time. Two separate trials with the same kind of experimental design were performed, one with commercial turkeys and one with SPF chickens. In each experiment, two different groups were included, which were housed in separate rooms. The first group contained four control birds, whereas the second group consisted of 10 infected and four in-contact birds. The birds were infected via the cloaca at 14 days of age with 380,000 cells of a mono-eukaryotic culture of H. meleagridis consisting of a cloned isolate (Turkey/Austria/2922-66/04). Reisolation of the parasite from turkeys and chickens under experimental conditions was performed for the first time. The infected birds started to excrete the parasite as soon as 2 days post infection. Rapid spread of the parasite to in-contact turkeys and chickens was noticed, based on reisolation of live parasites. Reisolation of the pathogen was impossible from two of the four in-contact SPF chickens at any time, whereas all of the infected turkeys were found positive. Intermittent shedding of the parasite was noticed in infected turkeys and SPF chickens, but the phenomenon was much more severe in the SPF chickens as these birds survived the infection. All of the infected and in-contact turkeys died between days 11 and 14 post infection, whereas no death was recorded in the SPF chickens, which were killed 6 weeks after the infection. Typical lesions were recorded in the caeca and livers of the infected turkeys. In addition, a heavy destruction of the bursa of Fabricius was seen in all of the infected and one of the in-contact turkeys. Altogether, the present investigations are of importance for an understanding of the pathogenicity and transmission of H. meleagridis in poultry.
Earthquakes along the East African Rift System: A multiscale, system‐wide perspective (2010)

On the basis of a comprehensive data set of precisely determined depths of 121 large to moderate‐sized earthquakes along and near the entire East African Rift System (EARS), there are three distinct patterns in focal depths which seem to correlate with progressive stages in the development of the largest active rift in the world. First, away from both ends of the western, younger branch of the EARS, very large ( M w ≥ 7) earthquakes occurred in the top 15 km of the crust where surficial expressions of rifting are yet to appear. Curiously, there are unusually deep aftershocks reaching down to 35 ± 3 km. Second, under well‐developed but amagmatic rift segments, focal depths show a bimodal distribution, with peaks centered near depths of about 15 ± 5 km and 35 ± 5 km. This pattern is present both under the main axis of the EARS, where rift zone have lengths approaching 1000 km, and beneath rift units 10 times shorter in length. Underside reflections off the Moho indicate that at least part of the second peak in seismicity is due to mantle earthquakes down to 44 ± 4 km, attesting to high differential stress in the mantle lithosphere which is capable of accumulating seismogenic, elastic strain (the “jelly sandwich” rheology). Third, beneath magmatic segments of well‐developed rifts, seismicity is largely confined to the upper 15 km of the crust as observed previously, akin to the pattern along mid‐ocean ridges where plastic flow due to high temperature inhibits accumulation of shear stress deep in the lithosphere.
Theoretical and experimental investigations of a stable-unstable resonator applied to chemical oxygen-iodine laser (1999)

Unstable resonator with a stable core was developed for Chemical Oxygen-Iodine Laser (COIL). An optical resonator simulation code was developed to optimize the design parameter of the resonator. “Partially coherent optical field” model was employed to handle with multiple transverse mode oscillation. The resonator was successfully oscillated, and a 14 W output with M2=29 was obtained. Theoretically calculated laser output, near-field pattern, and beam quality was in good agreement with experimental results.
Safety of CAR T-cell therapy in kidney transplant recipients (2020)

Recipients of solid organ transplant are at increased risk to develop posttransplant lymphoproliferative disorder (PTLD). However, only 30% to 40% achieve a durable response. 2,3 Chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T-cell therapy is a novel treatment with a substantial response (52% to 82%) in patients with relapsed/refractory diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (r/r DLBCL), 4,5 but its safety and efficacy in PTLD is unknown. Two CAR T-cell therapy products, axi-cel and tisagenlecleucel, are currently approved for r/r DLBCL and both are derived from autologous T cells. Because solid organ transplant recipients are on long-term immunosuppressive therapy to prevent allograft rejection, there is concern about the feasibility of generating an effective autologous CAR T-cell product. Here, we report the safety and efficacy of autologous CAR T-cell therapy in 3 patients with r/r DLBCL and kidney allograft who were treated with axi-cel in 2019 to 2020.
Structural and biochemical studies identify tobacco SABP2 as a methyl salicylate esterase and implicate it in plant innate immunity (2005)

Salicylic acid (SA) is a critical signal for the activation of plant defense responses against pathogen infections. We recently identified SA-binding protein 2 (SABP2) from tobacco as a protein that displays high affinity for SA and plays a crucial role in the activation of systemic acquired resistance to plant pathogens. Here we report the crystal structures of SABP2, alone and in complex with SA at up to 2.1-A resolution. The structures confirm that SABP2 is a member of the alpha/beta hydrolase superfamily of enzymes, with Ser-81, His-238, and Asp-210 as the catalytic triad. SA is bound in the active site and is completely shielded from the solvent, consistent with the high affinity of this compound for SABP2. Our biochemical studies reveal that SABP2 has strong esterase activity with methyl salicylate as the substrate, and that SA is a potent product inhibitor of this catalysis. Modeling of SABP2 with MeSA in the active site is consistent with all these biochemical observations. Our results suggest that SABP2 may be required to convert MeSA to SA as part of the signal transduction pathways that activate systemic acquired resistance and perhaps local defense responses as well.
The transitional behaviour of avalanches in cohesive granular materials (2006)

We present a statistical analysis of avalanches of granular materials that partially fill a slowly rotated horizontal drum. For large sized noncohesive grains the classical coherent oscillation is reproduced, consisting of a quasi-periodic succession of regularly sized avalanches. As the powder cohesiveness is increased by decreasing the particle size, we observe a gradual crossover to a complex dynamics that resembles the transitional behaviour observed in fusion plasmas. For particle size below ∼50 µm, avalanches lose a characteristic size, retain a short term memory and turn gradually decorrelated in the long term as described by a Markov process. In contrast, large grains made cohesive by coating them with adhesive microparticles display a distinct phenomenology, characterized by a quasi-regular succession of well defined small precursors and large relaxation events. The transition from a one-peaked distribution (noncohesive large beads) to a flattened distribution (fine cohesive beads) passing through the two-peaked distribution of cohesive large beads had already been predicted using a coupled-map lattice model, as the relaxation mechanism of grain reorganization becomes dominant to the detriment of inertia.
GhostNets: Go global, and local (2013)

The GhostNet Project ran public workshops at the Cairns Indigenous Art Fair (CIAF) in 2012 again. These were the biggest workshops yet drawing a massive crowd of helpers. GhostNet artist facilitators Cecile Williams from WA and Marion Gaemers from Townsville met with Angela Torenbeek and Dujon Newie from Moa Island, Frank Petero, Ceferino Sabatino and Georgia Curry from Hammond Island and Jimmy Thaiday from Darnley Island who joined forces to create theatrical costumes. The artists spent a day prior to CIAF working with students at Bentley Park College to design and start work on some of the costumes before the public workshops commenced over the three days of the art fair. Bentley students visited CIAF to work further on the pieces. The public joined in to make smaller woven GhostNet components which were used to decorate the large works. On the last day of the fair the costumes were complete and paraded around the dance arena to the beat of drums from Alick Tipoti and the Badu performers.
Novel Folding Patterns in a Family of Oligoanthranilamides:  Non-Peptide Oligomers That Form Extended Helical Secondary Structures (1997)

Anthranilamide derivatives are used as the basis for a series of novel oligomers that fold into helical secondary structures in the solid state. When combined with pyridine-2,6-dicarboxylic acid and 4,6-dimethoxy-1,3-diaminobenzene subunits, oligoanthranilamides can be induced to take up a coiled conformation corresponding to two turns of a helix. X-ray crystallography shows that intramolecular hydrogen bonding and π−π stacking interactions are important in stabilizing the extended helical structures. Furthermore, both experimental and calculated 1H NMR methods indicate that related conformations are taken up by the oligomers in chloroform solution.
Iterative approach to computational enzyme design (2012)

A general approach for the computational design of enzymes to catalyze arbitrary reactions is a goal at the forefront of the field of protein design. Recently, computationally designed enzymes have been produced for three chemical reactions through the synthesis and screening of a large number of variants. Here, we present an iterative approach that has led to the development of the most catalytically efficient computationally designed enzyme for the Kemp elimination to date. Previously established computational techniques were used to generate an initial design, HG-1, which was catalytically inactive. Analysis of HG-1 with molecular dynamics simulations (MD) and X-ray crystallography indicated that the inactivity might be due to bound waters and high flexibility of residues within the active site. This analysis guided changes to our design procedure, moved the design deeper into the interior of the protein, and resulted in an active Kemp eliminase, HG-2. The cocrystal structure of this enzyme with a transition state analog (TSA) revealed that the TSA was bound in the active site, interacted with the intended catalytic base in a catalytically relevant manner, but was flipped relative to the design model. MD analysis of HG-2 led to an additional point mutation, HG-3, that produced a further threefold improvement in activity. This iterative approach to computational enzyme design, including detailed MD and structural analysis of both active and inactive designs, promises a more complete understanding of the underlying principles of enzymatic catalysis and furthers progress toward reliably producing active enzymes.
Event-related fMRI study of response inhibition (2001)

Event-related functional magnetic resonance imaging (erfMRI) was employed to measure the hemodynamic response during a Go/No-go task in 16 healthy subjects. The task was designed so that Go and No-go events were equally probable, allowing an unbiased comparison of cerebral activity during these two types of trials. In accordance with prediction, anterior cingulate was active during both the Go and No-go trials, dorsolateral and ventrolateral prefrontal cortex was more active during the No-go trials, while primary motor cortex, supplementary motor area, pre-motor cortex and cerebellum were more active during Go trials. These findings are consistent with the hypothesis that the anterior cingulate cortex is principally engaged in making and monitoring of decisions, while dorsolateral and ventral lateral prefrontal sites play a specific role in response inhibition.
The heterogeneous expression of CD80, CD86 and other adhesion molecules on leukemia and lymphoma cells and their induction by interferon. (1997)

CD80 (B7/BB-1, B7-1) and CD86 (B70, B7-2) take an important role in the interaction between T lymphocytes and antigen presenting cells (APCs) as co-stimulatory molecules. We analyzed the manifestation of adhesion molecules, including CD80 and CD86, on some leukemia and lymphoma cells. Constitutive expression of CD80 and/or CD86 was frequently observed on B cell leukemia/lymphoma cells, while it is rare on myeloid leukemia cells. Interferon-alpha (IFN-alpha) amplified the manifestation of MHC class I and interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma) did both class I and class II. We also showed CD80 could be induced by IFN-alpha on K562 cells, which were originally negative for CD80. Our data implies the immunotherapy via CD80 and CD86 for patients with hematological malignancies and the possibility to enhance it using interferons.
Development of new no-flow underfill materials for both eutectic Sn-Pb solder and a high temperature melting lead-free solder (2003)

In recent years, no-flow underfill technology has drawn more attention due to its potential cost-savings advantages over conventional underfill technology, and as a result several no-flow underfill materials have been developed and reported. However, most of these materials are not suitable for lead-free solder, such as Sn/Ag (m.p. 225/spl deg/C), Sn/Ag/Cu (m.p. 217/spl deg/C), applications that usually have higher melting temperatures than the eutectic Sn-Pb solder (m.p. 183/spl deg/C). Due to the increasing environmental concern, the demand for friendly lead-free solders has become an apparent trend. This paper demonstrates a study on two new formulas of no-flow underfill developed for lead-free solders with a melting point around 220/spl deg/C. As compared to the G25, a no-flow underfill material developed in our research group, which uses a solid metal chelate curing catalyst to match the reflow profile of eutectic Sn-Pb solder, these novel formulas employ a liquid curing catalyst thus provides ease in preparation of the no-flow underfill materials. In this study, curing kinetics, glass transition temperature (Tg), thermal expansion coefficient (TCE), storage modulus (E') and loss modulus (E'') of these materials were studied with a differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), a thermo-mechanical analysis (TMA), and a dynamic-mechanical analysis (DMA), respectively. The pot-life in terms of viscosity of these materials was characterized with a stress rheometer. The adhesive strength of the materials on the surface of silicon chips were studied with a die-shear instrument. The influences of fluxing agents on the materials curing kinetics were studied with a DSC. The materials compatibility to the solder penetration and wetting on copper clad during solder reflow was investigated with both eutectic Sn-Pb and 95.9Sn/3.4Ag/0.7Cu solders on copper laminated FR-4 organic boards.
Novel membrane receptors for aldosterone in human lymphocytes: a 50 kDa protein on SDS-PAGE. (1994)

Fast in vitro effects of aldosterone on the Na+/H(+)-exchanger, inositoltrisphosphate generation and corresponding specific binding to plasma membranes at Kd-values of approximately 0.1 nM have been found in human mononuclear leukocytes and vascular smooth muscle cells. The novel aldosterone membrane receptor was analyzed on SDS-PAGE after labeling of microsomal membranes from human mononuclear leukocytes with a [125I]-aldosterone-derivative by use of BASED as a photoactivatable crosslinker. Binding of 1 nM [125I]-aldosterone was found at a molecular weight of approximately 50 kDa which was absent with 1 microM cold aldosterone, but not cortisol in the binding media. This aldosterone-selectivity is typical and discriminatory for the new aldosterone membrane receptor. Solubilization of the receptor protein from membranes by high salt concentrations (1 M NaCl, 1 mM EDTA) was not achieved. It, thus, appears as an integral membrane protein. Dithiothreitol, a sulfhydryl agent, does not reduce specific aldosterone binding indicating the absence of SH-groups in the binding domain or sensitive structures of the receptors. The results are the first to characterize the novel membrane receptor for aldosterone with regard to molecular weight and basic properties. These findings and other related results are reviewed here.