gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Integrated Phased Array Systems in Silicon (2005)

Silicon offers a new set of possibilities and challenges for RF, microwave, and millimeter-wave applications. While the high cutoff frequencies of the SiGe heterojunction bipolar transistors and the ever-shrinking feature sizes of MOSFETs hold a lot of promise, new design techniques need to be devised to deal with the realities of these technologies, such as low breakdown voltages, lossy substrates, low-Q passives, long interconnect parasitics, and high-frequency coupling issues. As an example of complete system integration in silicon, this paper presents the first fully integrated 24-GHz eight-element phased array receiver in 0.18-/spl mu/m silicon-germanium and the first fully integrated 24-GHz four-element phased array transmitter with integrated power amplifiers in 0.18-/spl mu/m CMOS. The transmitter and receiver are capable of beam forming and can be used for communication, ranging, positioning, and sensing applications.
<title>Optical Angle Marker</title> (1982)

The Optical Angle Marker is a double mirror device, consisting of two first surface flats, and is used together with an autocollimator. The two mirrors are aligned with their faces nearly parallel. When the mirror assembly is rotated in azimuth relative to the autocollimator, a series of return images, spaced at equal angular intervals, can be viewed. In this way, the angular range of an autocollimator may be extended by a factor of six or more, depending on size and quality of the flat mirrors. Experimental data is described in this paper.
Study of latent fingermarks by matrix‐assisted laser desorption/ionisation mass spectrometry imaging of endogenous lipids (2009)

Identification of suspects via fingermark analysis is one of the mainstays of forensic science. The success in matching fingermarks, using conventional fingermark scanning and database searching, strongly relies on the enhancement method adopted for fingermark recovery; this in turn depends on the components present in the fingermarks, which will change over time. This work aims to develop a robust methodology for improved analytical detection of the fingermark components. For the first time, matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionisation mass spectrometry imaging (MALDI-MSI) has been used to image endogenous lipids from fresh and aged, groomed and ungroomed fingermarks. The methodology was initially developed using oleic acid which was detected along with its degradation products over a 7-day period, at three different temperatures in a time-course experiment. The optimised methodology was then transferred to the imaging analysis of real fingermark samples. Fingermark patterns were reconstructed by retrieving the m/z values of oleic acid and its degradation products. This allowed the three aged fingermarks to be distinguished. In order to prove that MALDI-MSI can be used in a non-destructive way, a simple washing protocol was adopted which returned a fingermark that could be further investigated with classical forensic approaches. The work reported here proves the potential and the feasibility of MALDI-MSI for the forensic analysis of fingermarks, thus making it competitive with other MSI techniques such as desorption electrospray ionisation (DESI)-MS. The feasibility of using MALDI-MSI in fingermark ageing studies is also demonstrated along with the potential to be integrated into routine fingermark forensic analysis.
Antibody Response to IR<sub>6</sub>, a Conserved Immunodominant Region of the VlsE Lipoprotein, Wanes Rapidly after Antibiotic Treatment of<i>Borrelia burgdorferi</i>Infection in Experimental Animals and in Humans (2001)

Invariable region (IR)(6), an immunodominant conserved region of VlsE, the antigenic variation protein of Borrelia burgdorferi, is currently used for the serologic diagnosis of Lyme disease in humans and canines. A longitudinal assessment of anti-IR(6) antibody levels in B. burgdorferi-infected rhesus monkeys revealed that this level diminished sharply after antibiotic treatment (within 25 weeks). In contrast, antibody levels to P39 and to whole-cell antigen extracts of B. burgdorferi either remained unchanged or diminished less. A longitudinal analysis in dogs yielded similar results. In humans, the anti-IR(6) antibody titer diminished by a factor of > or =4 in successfully treated patients and by a factor of <4 in treatment-resistant patients. This result suggests that the quantification of anti-IR(6) antibody titer as a function of time should be investigated further as a test to assess response to Lyme disease therapy or to determine whether a B. burgdorferi infection has been eliminated.
Real-time video matting using multichannel poisson equations (2010)

A This paper presennts a novel matti ing algorithm for processing video sequences in reall-time and onlin ne. The algorithm is based on a set of novel Poissson equations that are derivved for handlinng multichannel coolor vectors, as well as the depth informatioon captured. A simmple yet effectiv ve approach is also proposed to compute an inittial alpha matte in the color space. Real-timme processing speed is achieved thro ough optimizing the algorithm for parallel processinng on the GPUs. To process live video sequences online and autonomously, a mod dified backgrounnd cut algorithm is immplemented to separate foreground and backgroound, the result of which guides the automatic trimap generation. Quantitative evaluation on stiill images show ws that the alphaa mattes extracted using the presented algorithm is much more accurate than the onnes obtained using the global Poisson matting algorithm and are comparable to that of other state-of-the-art offline image mattinng techniques.
Single-layer boron-doped graphene quantum dots for contrast-enhanced <i>in vivo T</i><sub>1</sub>-weighted MRI (2019)

Gadolinium (Gd)-based chelates are used as clinical T<sub>1</sub> contrast agents for magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) due to their demonstrated high sensitivity and positive contrast enhancement capability. However, there has been an increasing safety concern about their use in medicine because of the toxicity of the metal ions released from these contrast agents when used in vivo. Although significant effort has been made in developing metal-free MRI contrast agents, none have matched the magnetic properties achieved by the gold standard clinical contrast agent, Gd diethylene penta-acetic acid (Gd-DTPA). Here, we report the development of a single-layer, boron-doped graphene quantum dot (termed SL-BGQD) that demonstrates better T<sub>1</sub> contrast enhancement than Gd-DTPA. The SL-BGQD is shown to provide significantly higher positive contrast enhancement than the Gd-DTPA contrast agent in imaging vital organs, including kidneys, liver, and spleen, and especially, vasculatures. Further, our results show that the SL-BQGD is able to bypass the blood-brain barrier and allows sustained imaging for at least one hour with a single injection. Hematological and histopathological analyses show that the SL-BGQD demonstrates a non-toxic profile in wild-type mice and may, therefore, serve as an improved, safer alternative to currently available clinical MRI contrast agents.
Ethylene Detection Based on Organic Field-Effect Transistors With Porogen and Palladium Particle Receptor Enhancements (2016)

Ethylene sensing is a highly challenging problem for the horticulture industry because of the limited physiochemical reactivity of ethylene. Ethylene plays a very important role in the fruit life cycle and has a significant role in determining the shelf life of fruits. Limited ethylene monitoring capability results in huge losses to the horticulture industry as fruits may spoil before they reach the consumer, or they may not ripen properly. Herein we present a poly(3-hexylthiophene-2,5-diyl) (P3HT)-based organic field effect transistor as a sensing platform for ethylene with sensitivity of 25 ppm V/V. To achieve this response, we used N-(tert-Butoxy-carbonyloxy)-phthalimide and palladium particles as additives to the P3HT film. N-(tert-Butoxy-carbonyloxy)-phthalimide is used to increase the porosity of the P3HT, thereby increasing the overall sensor surface area, whereas the palladium (<1 μm diameter) particles are used as receptors for ethylene molecules in order to further enhance the sensitivity of the sensor platform. Both modifications give statistically significant sensitivity increases over pure P3HT. The sensor response is reversible and is also highly selective for ethylene compared to common solvent vapors.
Spiral Transformation for High-Resolution and Efficient Sorting of Optical Vortex Modes (2018)

Mode sorting is an essential function for optical multiplexing systems that exploit the orthogonality of the orbital angular momentum mode space. The familiar log-polar optical transformation provides a simple yet efficient approach whose resolution is, however, restricted by a considerable overlap between adjacent modes resulting from the limited excursion of the phase along a complete circle around the optical vortex axis. We propose and experimentally verify a new optical transformation that maps spirals (instead of concentric circles) to parallel lines. As the phase excursion along a spiral in the wave front of an optical vortex is theoretically unlimited, this new optical transformation can separate orbital angular momentum modes with superior resolution while maintaining unity efficiency.
Adeno-associated virus vector carrying human minidystrophin genes effectively ameliorates muscular dystrophy in <i>mdx</i> mouse model (2000)

Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) is the most common and lethal genetic muscle disorder, caused by recessive mutations in the dystrophin gene. One of every 3,500 males suffers from DMD, yet no treatment is currently available. Genetic therapeutic approaches, using primarily myoblast transplantation and adenovirus-mediated gene transfer, have met with limited success. Adeno-associated virus (AAV) vectors, although proven superior for muscle gene transfer, are too small (5 kb) to package the 14-kb dystrophin cDNA. Here we have created a series of minidystrophin genes (<4.2 kb) under the control of a muscle-specific promoter that readily package into AAV vectors. When injected into the muscle of mdx mice (a DMD model), two of the minigenes resulted in efficient and stable expression in a majority of the myofibers, restoring the missing dystrophin and dystrophin-associated protein complexes onto the plasma membrane. More importantly, this AAV treatment ameliorated dystrophic pathology in mdx muscle and led to normal myofiber morphology, histology, and cell membrane integrity. Thus, we have defined minimal functional dystrophin units and demonstrated the effectiveness of using AAV to deliver the minigenes in vivo, offering a promising avenue for DMD gene therapy.
Stacked indexed views in microsoft SQL server (2005)

Appropriately selected materialized views (also called indexed views) can speed up query execution by orders of magnitude. Most database systems limit support for materialized views to select-project-join expressions, possibly with a group-by, over base tables because this class of views can be efficiently maintained incrementally and thus kept up to date with the underlying source tables. However, limiting views to reference only base tables restricts the class of queries that can be supported by materialized views. View stacking (also called views on views) relaxes one restriction by allowing a materialized view to reference both base tables and other materialized views. This extends materialized view support to additional types of queries. This paper describes a prototype implementation of stacked views within Microsoft SQL Server and explains which classes of queries can be supported. To support view matching for stacked views, a signature mechanism was added to the optimizer. This mechanism turned out to be beneficial also for regular views by significantly speeding up view matching.
A Short Segment of the R Domain of Cystic Fibrosis Transmembrane Conductance Regulator Contains Channel Stimulatory and Inhibitory Activities That Are Separable by Sequence Modification (2002)

The regulatory (R) domain of the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) contains consensus phosphorylation sites for cAMP-dependent protein kinase (PKA) that are the basis for physiological regulation of the CFTR chloride channel. A short peptide segment in the R domain with a net negative charge of B9 (amino acids 817-838, NEG2) and predicted helical tendency is shown to play a critical role in CFTR chloride channel function. Deletion of NEG2 from CFTR completely eliminates the PKA dependence of channel activity. Exogenous NEG2 peptide interacts with CFTR to exert both stimulatory and inhibitory effects on the channel function. The NEG2 peptide with sequence scrambled to remove helical tendencies also inhibits channel function, but does not stimulate. Similar results are found for a NEG2 peptide whose helical structure is disrupted by a proline residue. When six of the negatively charged carboxylic acid residues are replaced by their cognate amides, reducing net negative charge to B3, but increasing helical propensity as assessed by circular dichroism, the peptide stimulates CFTR channel function, but does not inhibit. We speculate that the NEG2 region interacts with other cytosolic domains of CFTR to control opening and closing transitions of the chloride channel.
N-polar GaN Cap MISHEMT with record 6.7 W/mm at 94 GHz (2016)

In this work a record output power density for any III-N based transistor at W-band is demonstrated. The output power of this N-polar technology exceeds that of any reported Ga-polar device by a significant margin (Fig. 5) and scales exceptionally well with drain bias. Moreover, a large design space remains for further optimization of this N-polar MISHEMT technology. Significant performance enhancements in power density, efficiency, and gain are expected with further vertical and lateral scaling of the device dimensions. Additional improvement will be realized with improved layout of the pad design.
Antigens and Alternatives for Control of<i>Anaplasma marginale</i>Infection in Cattle (2003)

Anaplasmosis, a tick-borne cattle disease caused by the rickettsia Anaplasma marginale, is endemic in tropical and subtropical areas of the world. The disease causes considerable economic loss to both the dairy and beef industries worldwide. Analyses of 16S rRNA, groESL, and surface proteins have resulted in the recent reclassification of the order Rickettsiales. The genus Anaplasma, of which A. marginale is the type species, now also includes A. bovis, A. platys, and A. phagocytophilum, which were previously known as Ehrlichia bovis, E. platys, and the E. phagocytophila group (which causes human granulocytic ehrlichiosis), respectively. Live and killed vaccines have been used for control of anaplasmosis, and both types of vaccines have advantages and disadvantages. These vaccines have been effective in preventing clinical anaplasmosis in cattle but have not blocked A. marginale infection. Thus, persistently infected cattle serve as a reservoir of infective blood for both mechanical transmission and infection of ticks. Advances in biochemical, immunologic, and molecular technologies during the last decade have been applied to research of A. marginale and related organisms. The recent development of a cell culture system for A. marginale provides a potential source of antigen for the development of improved killed and live vaccines, and the availability of cell culture-derived antigen would eliminate the use of cattle in vaccine production. Increased knowledge of A. marginale antigen repertoires and an improved understanding of bovine cellular and humoral immune responses to A. marginale, combined with the new technologies, should contribute to the development of more effective vaccines for control and prevention of anaplasmosis.
Abstract LB-296: Discovery and development of MEDI7247, a novel Pyrrolobenzodiazepine (PBD)-based antibody drug conjugate targeting ASCT2, for treating hematological and solid cancers (2018)

Abstract The sodium dependent neutral amino acid transporter, ASCT2/SLC1A5 is frequently overexpressed in cancer to sustain “glutamine addiction” of cancer cells and to meet their increased demand for energy and nutrients. High expression of ASCT2 is often associated with poor disease prognosis. Immuno-histochemistry (IHC) data from 600+ tumor samples suggest ASCT2 expression in hematologic and solid cancers, including MM, AML, and DLBCL (≥ 95% positive in respective tumor samples), as well as squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck (SCCHN), non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), small cell lung cancer (SCLC), prostate, pancreatic, and colorectal cancer (66% to 95% positivity in respective tumors). Broad expression across various cancers and restricted expression in normal tissues warrant ASCT2 as an attractive candidate for an antibody drug conjugate. MEDI7247 is a novel investigational antibody-drug conjugate (ADC) comprising an anti-ASCT2 human monoclonal antibody site-specifically conjugated to pyrrolobenzodiazepine (PBD) dimer via a protease-cleavable linker, with a drug to antibody ratio (DAR) of 2. MEDI7247 specifically binds to cell surface ASCT2 while exhibiting no affinity to the other members of the family, including ASCT1. Following binding, MEDI7247 is internalized and trafficked to the lysosomes to subsequently release the PBD warhead. PBD enters the nucleus where it induces DNA damage and results in tumor cell death. MEDI7247 shows potent in vitro cytotoxicity in several human cancer cell lines expressing variable levels of ASCT2. Dose dependent in vivo efficacy of MEDI7247 was determined in solid tumor xenografts and disseminated hematological malignancy models. MEDI7247 is cross-reactive with cynomolgous monkey ASCT2 and shows similar binding and killing with cyno ASCT2 expressing cells. MEDI7247 demonstrated acceptable safety profile in toxicity studies with non-human primates to support first in human trials. Based on its combined efficacy and safety, MEDI7247 is in clinical development for the treatment of ASCT2 positive cancers. Citation Format: Nabendu Pore, M Jack Borrok, Marlon Rebellato, MaryJane Hinrichs, Kevin P. Schifferli, Noel R. Monks, Ravinder Tammali, Ronald Herbst, Steven R. Coats, David A. Tice. Discovery and development of MEDI7247, a novel Pyrrolobenzodiazepine (PBD)-based antibody drug conjugate targeting ASCT2, for treating hematological and solid cancers [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2018; 2018 Apr 14-18; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2018;78(13 Suppl):Abstract nr LB-296.
Automatic Grammar Augmentation for Robust Voice Command Recognition (2019)

This paper proposes a novel pipeline for automatic grammar augmentation that provides a significant improvement in the voice command recognition accuracy for systems with small footprint acoustic model (AM). The improvement is achieved by augmenting the user-defined voice command set, also called grammar set, with alternate grammar expressions. For a given grammar set, a set of potential grammar expressions (candidate set) for augmentation is constructed from an AM-specific statistical pronunciation dictionary that captures the consistent patterns and errors in the decoding of AM induced by variations in pronunciation, pitch, tempo, accent, ambiguous spellings, and noise conditions. Using this candidate set, greedy optimization based and cross-entropy-method (CEM) based algorithms are considered to search for an augmented grammar set with improved recognition accuracy utilizing a command-specific dataset. Our experiments show that the proposed pipeline along with algorithms considered in this paper significantly reduce the mis-detection and mis-classification rate without increasing the false-alarm rate. Experiments also demonstrate the consistent superior performance of CEM method over greedy-based algorithms.
An Orthogonal Fluxgate-Typemagnetic Microsensor (2006)

In this paper, we present a new microfabricated orthogonal fluxgate sensor structure. The sensor consists of an electroplated copper excitation rod surrounded by an electroplated permalloy layer and has planar pick-up coils for signal detection. The use of electroplating leads to a low-cost fabrication process and the use of planar pick-up coils provides easy integration with CMOS processes. The fabricated sensor has an excitation independent linear range of ± 100 µ T, a sensitivity of 280 µ V/mT, and an average power dissipation of 0.8 mW for 30 mA-peak sinusoidal excitation current at 100 kHz frequency.
A fast round robin priority port scheduler for high capacity ATM switches (2002)

This paper presents a novel architecture and implementation of a round-robin scheduler (RRS) for high capacity ATM switches. The objective is to select a port from a set of alternating real-time/non real-time priority ports, based on the priority of the port, the minimum cell-rate (MCR) assigned to the ports and the backpressure signals coming from the output buffers. Using a novel scheme, the characteristics of the scheduler were transformed into a finite state machine description, and a fast implementation of it was derived using a binary tree. The nodes in the binary tree act as "cut through" switches, and thus the scheduler is able to operate at high speed. This solution is amenable for implementation in high speed silicon technology. It is compact in terms of logic gate requirements and is very scalable. We believe that this RRS is a viable option in gigabit ATM switches.
Vaccine against Human Hepatitis B Virus Prepared from Antigen Derived from Human Hepatoma Cells in Culture (1984)

Vaccine against human hepatitis B was prepared using antigen derived from hepatitis B carrier hepatoma cells grown in the interstices of a Diaflo hollow filter unit. Hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) produced by these cells was purified by immune affinity chromatography, digestion with DNase and pepsin, and Sephadex G-150 separation. The Formalin-treated antigen was formulated in 20-micrograms dose on alum adjuvant with thimerosal added as a preservative. This cell culture vaccine was as potent as human plasma-derived vaccine as measured in a mouse potency assay. The vaccine proved safe in tests in chimpanzees and in human subjects who were in late stages of cancer of the central nervous system and who were receiving therapy for their condition. None of five subjects who received the vaccine developed untoward clinical reactions. Two of the subjects who received all three doses of vaccine developed antibody against HBsAg. Three persons, two given only the primary doses and one who was given all three doses but was lost to follow-up, demonstrated no response. The slow and relatively low antibody responses to the vaccine were similar to those in other immunosuppressed persons who were given vaccine of human plasma origin.