gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
The Synergistic Effect of Acidic Properties and Channel Systems of Zeolites on the Synthesis of Polyoxymethylene Dimethyl Ethers from Dimethoxymethane and Trioxymethylene (2019)

A series of zeolites with different topology structures, including SAPO-34, SUZ-4, ZSM-5, USY, MOR, and beta, were used to synthesize polyoxymethylene dimethyl ethers (PODE<i><sub>n</sub></i>) from dimethoxymethane (DMM) and trioxymethylene (TOM). The influence of acidic properties and channel systems were studied by activity evaluation, characterization, and theoretical calculation. The results confirmed that pore mouth diameter larger than a TOM molecule was an essential prerequisite for the synthesis of PODE<i><sub>n</sub></i> over zeolites, and the synergistic effect between medium-strong Brønsted acid sites (Brønsted MAS) and the maximal space of zeolites available determined the catalytic performance of all studied zeolites. DMM and TOM were firstly decomposed into methoxymethoxy groups (MMZ) and monomer CH<sub>2</sub>O over Brønsted MAS. Subsequently, the steric constraint of the maximum included sphere, with an appropriate size in zeolite channels, can promote the combination of CH<sub>2</sub>O and MMZ to form transition species ZO(CH<sub>2</sub>O)<sub>n</sub>CH<sub>3</sub>, which reacted with the methyl-end group to form PODE<i><sub>n</sub></i> over Brønsted MAS. Moreover, the reaction temperature showed different effects on the product selectivity and distribution, which also mainly depends on the size of the maximum space available in zeolite channels.
A comprehensive uncertainty analysis and method of geometric calibration for a circular scanning airborne lidar (2010)

This dissertation describes an automated technique for ascertaining the values of the geometric calibration parameters of an airborne lidar. A least squares approach is employed that adjusts the point cloud to a single planar surface which could be either a narrow airport runway or a dynamic sea surface. Going beyond the customary three boresight angles, the proposed adjustment can determine up to eleven calibration parameters to a precision that renders a negligible contribution to the point cloud’s positional uncertainty. Presently under development is the Coastal Zone Mapping and Imaging Lidar (CZMIL), which, unlike most contemporary systems that use oscillating mirrors to reflect the beam, will use a circular spinning prism to refract the laser in the desired direction. This departure from the traditional scanner presents the potential for internal geometric misalignments not previously experienced. Rather than relying on past calibration practices (like requiring data be acquired over a pitched-roof), a more robust method of calibration is established which does not depend on the presence of any cultural features. To develop this new method of calibration, the laser point positioning equation for this lidar was developed first. The system was then simulated in the MATLAB environment. Using these artificial datasets, the behavior of each geometric parameter was systematically manipulated, understood and calibrated, while an optimal flight strategy for the calibration acquisition was simultaneously developed. Finally, the total propagated uncertainty (TPU) of the point cloud was determined using a propagation of variances. Using this TPU module, the strength of the calibration solution was assessed. For example, four flight lines each of 20 seconds in duration contained sufficient information to determine the calibration parameters to such a degree of confidence that their contribution to the final point cloud uncertainty was only 0.012m in the horizontal and 0.002m in the vertical (1σ).
Ultrafast broadband laser spectroscopy reveals energy and charge transfer in novel donor-acceptor triads for photovoltaic applications (2011)

International audience
Fast Recursive Algorithm for Efficient Transmit Antenna Selection in Spatial Multiplexing Systems (2009)

In this paper we propose fast and efficient transmit antenna selection algorithms for wireless spatial multiplexing (SM) systems with linear receivers. Motivated by matrix inverse properties, a recursive matrix inverse calculation is developed for fast transmit antenna selection. Two selection criteria are proposed based on the recursive matrix inverse updating: one is the minimum mean square error (MMSE) and another is the maximum signal to interference noise ratio (SINR). Different from the conventional optimal antenna selection algorithms, the proposed algorithms are capable of computing matrix inverse and selection criteria from the previous computational results via a simple recursive procedure, so that the algorithmic complexity is reduced significantly. Simulation results show that our algorithms perform very close to the optimal exhaustive search algorithms in terms of bit error rate and capacity in both uncorrelated and highly correlated MIMO channels, while the computational complexity is much lower.
Whiteout: Gaussian Adaptive Regularization Noise in Deep Neural Networks (2016)

Noise injection (NI) is an efficient technique to mitigate over-fitting in neural networks (NNs). The Bernoulli NI procedure as implemented in dropout and shakeout has connections with $l_1$ and $l_2$ regularization for the NN model parameters. We propose whiteout, a family NI regularization techniques (NIRT) through injecting adaptive Gaussian noises during the training of NNs. Whiteout is the first NIRT than imposes a broad range of the $l_{\gamma}$ sparsity regularization $(\gamma\in(0,2))$ without having to involving the $l_2$ regularization. Whiteout can also be extended to offer regularizations similar to the adaptive lasso and group lasso. We establish the regularization effect of whiteout in the framework of generalized linear models with closed-form penalty terms and show that whiteout stabilizes the training of NNs with decreased sensitivity to small perturbations in the input. We establish that the noise-perturbed empirical loss function (pelf) with whiteout converges almost surely to the ideal loss function (ilf), and the minimizer of the pelf is consistent for the minimizer of the ilf. We derive the tail bound on the pelf to establish the practical feasibility in its minimization. The superiority of whiteout over the Bernoulli NIRTs, dropout and shakeout, in learning NNs with relatively small-sized training sets and non-inferiority in large-sized training sets is demonstrated in both simulated and real-life data sets. This work represents the first in-depth theoretical, methodological, and practical examination of the regularization effects of both additive and multiplicative Gaussian NI in deep NNs.
Fabrication of Three‐Dimensional Surface Structures with Highly Fluorescent Quantum Dots by Surface‐Templated Layer‐by‐Layer Assembly (2005)

A facile, parallel, and controllable approach to fabricating three-dimensional microscale structures with highly fluorescent quantum dots (QDs) over centimeter-sized surface regions is presented. Highly selective layer-by-layer assembly on a surface patterned by microcontact printing produces features of up to twenty QD/polymer bilayers. Hierarchical structures such as (green-QD/red-QD)n (see Figure) and (QD1/polymer)n(QD1/QD2)m are also fabricated.
Vortices and tall buildings: A recipe for resonance (2010)

Structures buffeted by steady winds experience pushes and pulls in the direction perpendicular to the wind flow. If those forces were to organize coherently, the results could be disastrous.
In vivo feasibility of endovascular Doppler optical coherence tomography (2012)

Feasibility of detecting intravascular flow using a catheter based endovascular optical coherence tomography (OCT) system is demonstrated in a porcine carotid model in vivo. The effects of A-line density, radial distance, signal-to-noise ratio, non-uniform rotational distortion (NURD), phase stability of the swept wavelength laser and interferometer system on Doppler shift detection limit were investigated in stationary and flow phantoms. Techniques for NURD induced phase shift artifact removal were developed by tracking the catheter sheath. Detection of high flow velocity (~51 cm/s) present in the porcine carotid artery was obtained by phase unwrapping techniques and compared to numerical simulation, taking into consideration flow profile distortion by the eccentrically positioned imaging catheter. Using diluted blood in saline mixture as clearing agent, simultaneous Doppler OCT imaging of intravascular flow and structural OCT imaging of the carotid artery wall was feasible. To our knowledge, this is the first in vivo demonstration of Doppler imaging and absolute measurement of intravascular flow using a rotating fiber catheter in carotid artery.
Canine parvovirus: the worldwide occurrence of antigenic variants (2016)

The most important enteric virus infecting canids is canine parvovirus type 2 (CPV-2). CPV is the aetiologic agent of a contagious disease, mainly characterized by clinical gastroenteritis signs in younger dogs. CPV-2 emerged as a new virus in the late 1970s, which could infect domestic dogs, and became distributed in the global dog population within 2 years. A few years later, the virus's original type was replaced by a new genetic and antigenic variant, called CPV-2a. Around 1984 and 2000, virus variants with the single change to Asp or Glu in the VP2 residue 426 were detected (sometimes termed CPV-2b and -2c). The genetic and antigenic changes in the variants have also been correlated with changes in their host range; in particular, in the ability to replicate in cats and also host range differences in canine and other tissue culture cells. CPV-2 variants have been circulating among wild carnivores and have been well-documented in several countries around the world. Here, we have reviewed and summarized the current information about the worldwide distribution and evolution of CPV-2 variants since they emerged, as well as the host ranges they are associated with.
Gradient Damage Models and Their Use to Approximate Brittle Fracture (2010)

In its numerical implementation, the variational approach to brittle fracture approximates the crack evolution in an elastic solid through the use of gradient damage models. In this article, we first formulate the quasi-static evolution problem for a general class of such damage models. Then, we introduce a stability criterion in terms of the positivity of the second derivative of the total energy under the unilateral constraint induced by the irreversibility of damage. These concepts are applied in the particular setting of a one-dimensional traction test. We construct homogeneous as well as localized damage solutions in a closed form and illustrate the concepts of loss of stability, of scale effects, of damage localization, and of structural failure. Considering several specific constitutive models, stress—displacement curves, stability diagrams, and energy dissipation provide identification criteria for the relevant material parameters, such as limit stress and internal length. Finally, the 1D analytical results are compared with the numerical solution of the evolution problem in a 2D setting.
tolQ is required for cloacin DF13 susceptibility in Escherichia coli expressing the aerobactin/cloacin DF13 receptor IutA (1992)

We investigated the role of the tolQ gene in the import of cloacin DF13 across the outer membrane of Escherichia coli strains expressing the IutA receptor. The IutA outer-membrane protein is the receptor for the siderophore ferric aerobactin and also binds cloacin DF13, a bacteriocin produced by strains of Enterobacter aerogenes. In this report we present evidence that tolQ is required for the internalization of cloacin DF13 upon binding to IutA but it is not involved in the transport of ferric aerobactin.
Essential role of stem cell factor–c‐Kit signalling pathway in bleomycin‐induced pulmonary fibrosis (2013)

Stem cell factor (SCF) and its receptor c-Kit have been implicated in tissue remodelling and fibrosis. Alveolar fibroblasts from patients with diffuse interstitial fibrosis secrete more SCF. However, its precise role remains unclear. In this study the potential role of the SCF-c-Kit axis in pulmonary fibrosis was examined. Fibrosis was induced by intratracheal instillation of bleomycin (BLM), which caused increased SCF levels in plasma, bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) and lung tissue, as well as increased expression by lung fibroblasts. These changes were accompanied by increased numbers of bone marrow-derived c-Kit(+) cells in the lung, with corresponding depletion in bone marrow. Both recombinant SCF and lung extracts from BLM-treated animals induced bone-marrow cell migration, which was blocked by c-Kit inhibitor. The migrated cells promoted myofibroblast differentiation when co-cultured with fibroblasts, suggesting a paracrine pathogenic role. Interestingly, lung fibroblast cultures contained a subpopulation of cells that expressed functionally active c-Kit, which were significantly greater and more responsive to SCF induction when isolated from fibrotic lungs, including those from patients with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF). This c-Kit(+) subpopulation was αSMA-negative and expressed lower levels of collagen I but significantly higher levels of TGFβ than c-Kit-negative cells. SCF deficiency achieved by intratracheal treatment with neutralizing anti-SCF antibody or by use of Kitl(Sl)/Kitl(Sl-d) mutant mice in vivo resulted in significant reduction in pulmonary fibrosis. Taken together, the SCF-c-Kit pathway was activated in BLM-injured lung and might play a direct role in pulmonary fibrosis by the recruitment of bone marrow progenitor cells capable of promoting lung myofibroblast differentiation.
A Comparative Study of Non-Lipid Nanoemulsion of Propofol with Solutol and Propofol Emulsion with Lecithin (2012)

Lipid propofol and propofol nanoemulsion were equivalent concerning effectiveness, safety and adverse effects in the doses used. There was a lower incidence of pain on injection in the nanoemulsion formulation.
High-contrast ZZ interaction using multi-type superconducting qubits (2020)

For building a scalable quantum processor with superconducting qubits, the ZZ interaction is of great concert because of relevant for implementing two-qubit gates, and the close contact between gate infidelity and its residual. Two-qubit gates with fidelity beyond fault-tolerant thresholds have been demonstrated using the ZZ interaction. However, as the performance of quantum processor improves, the residual static-ZZ can also become a performance-limiting factor for quantum gate operations and quantum error correction. Here, we introduce a scalable superconducting architecture for addressing this challenge. We demonstrate that by coupling two superconducting qubits with opposite-sign anharmonicities together, high-contrast ZZ interaction can be realized in this architecture. Thus, we can control ZZ interaction with high on/off ratio for implementing two-qubit CZ gate, or suppress it during the two-qubit gate operations using XY interaction (e.g. iSWAP). Meanwhile, the ZZ crosstalk related to neighboring spectator qubits can also be heavily suppressed in fixed coupled multi-qubit systems. This architecture could provide a promising way towards scalable superconducting quantum processor with high gate fidelity and low qubit crosstalk.
TSO-CC: Consistency directed cache coherence for TSO (2014)

Traditional directory coherence protocols are designed for the strictest consistency model, sequential consistency (SC). When they are used for chip multiprocessors (CMPs) that support relaxed memory consistency models, such protocols turn out to be unnecessarily strict. Usually this comes at the cost of scalability (in terms of per core storage), which poses a problem with increasing number of cores in today's CMPs, most of which no longer are sequentially consistent. Because of the wide adoption of Total Store Order (TSO) and its variants in x86 and SPARC processors, and existing parallel programs written for these architectures, we propose TSO-CC, a cache coherence protocol for the TSO memory consistency model. TSO-CC does not track sharers, and instead relies on self-invalidation and detection of potential acquires using timestamps to satisfy the TSO memory consistency model lazily. Our results show that TSO-CC achieves average performance comparable to a MESI directory protocol, while TSO-CC's storage overhead per cache line scales logarithmically with increasing core count.
Tunable Parametric All-Fiber Short-Wavelength IR Transmitter (2009)

In this paper, the performance of an all-fiber short-wave IR (SWIR) transmitter with wideband tunability and high peak power is reported. Transmitter construction relied on parametric process in highly nonlinear fiber to convert a seed laser at 1260 nm to 2155 nm SWIR channel with record 39 dB efficiency and translation over 900 nm spectral range. We demonstrated 61 W of peak converted power at 2 ¿m and 26 W at 2.15 ¿ m. Efficient conversion was made possible by engineered fourth-order dispersion of the highly nonlinear fiber and construction of a low-noise pump source in a 1550 nm band.
Winning Isn't Everything: Enhancing Game Development with Intelligent Agents (2019)

Recently, there have been several high-profile achievements of agents learning to play games against humans and beat them. In this paper, we study the problem of training intelligent agents in service of game development. Unlike the agents built to "beat the game", our agents aim to produce human-like behavior to help with game evaluation and balancing. We discuss two fundamental metrics based on which we measure the human-likeness of agents, namely skill and style, which are multi-faceted concepts with practical implications outlined in this paper. We report four case studies in which the style and skill requirements inform the choice of algorithms and metrics used to train agents; ranging from A* search to state-of-the-art deep reinforcement learning. We, further, show that the learning potential of state-of-the-art deep RL models does not seamlessly transfer from the benchmark environments to target ones without heavily tuning their hyperparameters, leading to linear scaling of the engineering efforts and computational cost with the number of target domains.
Current-source connection of electrolytic cell electrodes: an improvement for electrowinning and electrorefinery (2006)

This paper presents a current-source connection for electrolytic cells facilities, enlarging actual production boundaries. Specifically, the aim of production-level increase, quality improvement, and cost reduction in electrowinning and electrorefining plants have been limited by the current-density (CD) dispersion. In fact, the cathodes of a plant designed to operate with a nominal 320 A/m/sup 2/ CD per cathode, usually presents CDs in a range between 220 and 420 A/m/sup 2/ ( /spl plusmn/31% variations). Industrial tests performed in a copper ER plant proved that the proposed connection halves dispersion. It has been estimated that a 15% earnings increase should be obtained with the increase of efficiency, quality, and production.
Orbital and valley state spectra of a few-electron silicon quantum dot (2012)

Understanding interactions between orbital and valley quantum states in silicon nanodevices is crucial in assessing the prospects of spin-based qubits. We study the energy spectra of a few-electron silicon metal-oxide-semiconductor quantum dot using dynamic charge sensing and pulsed-voltage spectroscopy. The occupancy of the quantum dot is probed down to the single-electron level using a nearby single-electron transistor as a charge sensor. The energy of the first orbital excited state is found to decrease rapidly as the electron occupancy increases from $N=1$ to 4. By monitoring the sequential spin filling of the dot we extract a valley splitting of $\ensuremath{\sim}230\phantom{\rule{0.16em}{0ex}}\ensuremath{\mu}$eV, irrespective of electron number. This indicates that favorable conditions for qubit operation are in place in the few-electron regime.
A new zero-voltage-zero-current-transition chopper SAZZ for a FCEV drive (2005)

A new snubber assisted zero voltage and zero current transition chopper (SAZZ) is proposed for the fuel cell electric vehicle (FCEV) or the hybrid vehicle. The SAZZ topology provides a simple soft switching technique resulting in the compact and low-loss power converter for the FCEV. Furthermore, the SAZZ operates without voltage spike across the output diode during the reverse recovery. A SAZZ mini-model using IGBT was fabricated and evaluated by a fundamental operational test. The experimental results show the verification of the circuit geometry and the basic operation. In addition, the preliminary SAZZ configuration for the high frequency using the stray capacitance is investigated to minimize the current of the auxiliary resonant stage. Some experimental results are also presented.
Mouse proximal tubular cell-cell adhesion inhibits apoptosis by a cadherin-dependent mechanism (2000)

Adhesion of epithelial cells to matrix is known to inhibit apoptosis. However, the role of cell-cell adhesion in mediating cell survival remains uncertain. Primary cultures of mouse proximal tubular (MPT) cells were used to examine the role of cell-cell adhesion in promoting survival. When MPT cells were deprived of both cell-matrix and cell-cell adhesion, they died by apoptosis. However, when incubated in agarose-coated culture dishes (to prevent cell-matrix adhesion) and at high cell density (to allow cell-cell interactions), MPT cells adhered to one another and remained viable. Expression of E-cadherin among suspended, aggregating cells increased with time. A His-Ala-Val (HAV)-containing peptide that inhibits homophilic E-cadherin binding prevented cell-cell aggregation and promoted apoptosis of MPT cells in suspension. By contrast, inhibition of potential beta(1)-integrin-mediated interactions between cells in suspension did not prevent either aggregation or survival of suspended cells. Aggregation of cells in suspension activated phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K), an event that was markedly reduced by the presence of the HAV peptide. LY-294002, an inhibitor of PI3K, also inhibited survival of suspended cells. In summary, we provide novel evidence that MPT cells, when deprived of normal cell-matrix interactions, can adhere to one another in a cadherin-dependent fashion and remain viable. Survival of aggregated cells depends on activation of PI3K.