gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Simulating grasping behavior on an imaging interactive surface (2009)

We present techniques and algorithms to simulate grasping behavior on an imaging interactive surface (e.g., Microsoft Surface). In particular, we describe a contour model of touch contact shape, and show how these contours may be represented in a real-time physics simulation in a way that allows more realistic grasping behavior. For example, a virtual object may be moved by "squeezing" it with multiple contacts undergoing motion. The virtual object is caused to move by simulated contact and friction forces. Previous work [14] uses many small rigid bodies ("particle proxies") to approximate touch contact shape. This paper presents a variation of the particle proxy approach which allows grasping behavior. The advantages and disadvantages of this new approach are discussed.
An all-digital offset PLL architecture (2010)

We propose an all-digital offset PLL architecture in which the RF oscillator output is frequency translated through rotation of its quadrature phases before being fed back for the phase comparison with the frequency reference. This eliminates spurious tones caused by the finite resolution of the phase detection process when the synthesized frequency is very close to the integer-N multiple of the reference frequency. The phase detection in the ADPLL is performed by a time-to-digital converter (TDC), whose typical resolution of 10-30 ps is sufficient for the GSM-quality RF operation. While the TDC quantization noise does not normally produce significant phase noise degradation, the near-integer-N condition makes the loop ill-behaved such that the total quantization energy falls close to dc and will not get filtered by the loop filter. In addition, due to the frequency relationship change between aggressors and victims, an important class of spurs due to parasitic coupling is also eliminated. The hardware overhead is very small and the digital implementation does not degrade other RF parameters. The technique is validated in a 65-nm CMOS transceiver.
A self-Q-switched all-fiber erbium laser at 1530 nm using an auxiliary 1570-nm erbium laser (2009)

We demonstrate a self-Q-switched, all-fiber, tunable, erbium laser at 1530 nm with high pulse repetition rates of 0.9-10 kHz. Through the use of an auxiliary 10-mW, 1570 nm laser that shortened the relaxation time of erbium, sequentially Q-switched pulses with pulse energies between 4 and 6 microJ and pulse widths of 40 ns were steadily achieved. A peak pulse power of 165 W was obtained.
Two novel additive processes to manufacture circuit boards: direct laser writing and direct electrostatic transfer and deposition (1989)

Two technologies are described to manufacture bare circuit boards. Both methods are dry processes and are additive by nature. The first technology is a process whereby circuit lines are written directly onto the substrate from a CAD/CAM database. There is no need for artwork to be generated with its inherent limitations. A circuit board is manufactured by applying a film of heat-sensitive adhesive to a substrate and depositing on the film a layer of conductive powder. The powder and film are then activated by laser radiation to define the circuitry. The excess powder is then removed and the substrate fired to cure or bond the powder to the substrate. The second technology is directed toward higher-volume production and requires the use of a master pattern. The fundamental principles involved are well understood in the photocopying field. The master pattern consists of a conductive base on which there is a pattern layer. The master pattern is also easily created by direct laser writing. The pattern layer receives an electrostatic charge. The master pattern is contacted by a developer containing a conductive material in the form of a powder or link and which transfers the conductive material to the pattern by electrostatic force. A substrate is then brought to a position closely adjacent to the master pattern and electrostatic force is used to deposit the particles from the pattern onto the substrate to accurately define the circuitry. The particles are then fixed by heating.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
DVFS Pruning for Wireless NoC Architectures (2014)

The millimeter wave small world network on a chip is an emerging paradigm to design low power and high-bandwidth massive multicore chips. By reducing the hop count between largely separated communicating cores, wireless shortcuts in mSWNoC have been shown to carry a significant amount of the overall traffic within the network. The amount of traffic detoured in this way is substantial and the low power wireless links enable energy savings [1]. The overall energy dissipation and thermal profile of the mSWNoC can be improved even further if the characteristics of the wireline links and associated switches are optimized according to the traffic patterns. Dynamic voltage and frequency scaling (DVFS) is a popularmethodology to optimize the power usage/heat dissipation of electronic systems without significantly compromising overall system performance.We have already demonstrated that DVFS enables improvement of power and thermal profiles of mSWNoC-enabled multicore chips.
A photochromic liquid crystal system (2004)

Switching molecular or supramolecular systems reversibly from one state to another, with both states having significantly different properties using light is widespread in biological systems and has been in the focus of materials research for many years. Such synthetic systems are promising as high density data storage systems, sensors, photonic switches or as molecular logic gates. There the concept of optically addressable molecules promises miniaturisation to the molecular level and potentially the direction towards optical computing on that level. Our approach is based on the concept that the functional groups and the properties in such molecules, if suitably selected can add up to attractive properties in the self-assembled molecular systems. Rational design allows of the photochromic core and the mesogenic groups for the modulation of the photochromic behaviour, the absorption properties, the quantum yields of the photo conversion processes and the conversion obtained at the photostationary state. The use of suitable mesogens allows for the use of the FRET effect for the switching behaviour.
P1B-5 Real-time Tissue Compression Quality Feedback for Optimized Freehand Elasticity Imaging (2006)

As pathological conditions often produce changes in biological tissue stiffness, real-time freehand elasticity imaging provides valuable information, facilitating the detection and diagnosis process. Its disadvantage, however, consists of exhaustive operator training, as obtaining superior quality strain images requires continuous adjustment of the compression technique. The sonographer needs to maintain a constant compression rate, exclusively on the axial direction of the imaging transducer, while avoiding lateral and out-of-plane tissue motions. A compression analysis algorithm was designed to estimate in real-time the strain image quality prior to actually computing the image by assessing the quantity and quality of tissue compression versus depth. The algorithm employed a criterion for automatic selection of the most advantageous frame pairs (pre- and post-compression) producing elasticity images of optimal dynamic ranges and signal-to-noise ratios while providing live graphical compression feedback to the operator. The algorithm was implemented on a modified commercial scanner (Aloka SSD5500) equipped with a newly developed static elasticity imaging module. The strain images were displayed using a graphic interface specially developed to include both the compression feedback and a combined B-Mode / strain display. Results of breast elasticity were obtained at Yale New Haven Hospital, CT for various solid masses and cysts, including benign and malignant cases which validated the algorithm. Over 30 patients were scanned during this initial phase. The operator training was facilitated by the provided graphical compression feedback significantly reducing the learning period. The frame pair selection criterion optimized the trade-off between the amount of images obtained and their quality and reduced radically the amount of artifact in the images while lowering the computational burden. During the offline review process of the collected elasticity data, the information indicating the tissue compression quantity and quality confirmed the quality of raw data behind the elasticity images
Genetic Variation in Spatio-Temporal Confined USA300 Community-Associated MRSA Isolates: A Shift from Clonal Dispersion to Genetic Evolution? (2011)

The genetic variation present among the 14 USA300 isolates is remarkable considering the fact that the isolates were recovered within one month and originated from a confined geographic area, suggesting continuous evolution of this clone.
Demonstration of the MFL temperature tracking capability in a 12×155 Mb/s WDM PON (2002)

The goal of this paper is to demonstrate a WDM passive optical network (PON) with components that have the functionality to be used in access systems. Outside plant conditions were simulated by changing the temperature of the passive remote node (RN) demultiplexer, in our case the waveguide grating router.
A novel enzymatic process for glycogen production (2008)

Two well-established methods to prepare glycogen are available: (1) extraction from natural resources such as shellfish and animal tissues; (2) synthesis from glucose-1-phosphate using two enzymes, α-glucan phosphorylase (EC 2.4.1.1) and branching enzyme (EC 2.4.1.18). We have developed a novel enzymatic process for glycogen production, in which short-chain amylose is first prepared from starch or dextrin by using isoamylase (EC 3.2.1.68), and then branching enzyme and amylomaltase (EC 2.4.1.25) are added to synthesize glycogen. Our enzymatic process, using isoamylase, branching enzyme and amylomaltase, is currently the most efficient for glycogen production. Furthermore, the molecular weight of glycogen is controllable in a range of 3.0×106 to 3.0×107 by adjusting some parameters of the reaction.
Variability among atoxigenic Aspergillus flavus strains in ability to prevent aflatoxin contamination and production of aflatoxin biosynthetic pathway enzymes (1994)

Five strains of Aspergillus flavus lacking the ability to produce aflatoxins were examined in greenhouse tests for the ability to prevent a toxigenic strain from contaminating developing cottonseed with aflatoxins. All atoxigenic strains reduced contamination when inoculated into developing bolls 24 h prior to the toxigenic strain. However, only one strain, AF36, was highly effective when inoculated simultaneously with the toxigenic strain. All five strains were able to inhibit aflatoxin production by the toxigenic strain in liquid fermentation. Thus, in vitro activity did not predict the ability of an atoxigenic strain to prevent contamination of developing bolls. Therefore, strain selection for competitive exclusion to prevent aflatoxin contamination should include evaluation of efficacy in developing crops prior to field release. Atoxigenic strains were also characterized by the ability to convert several aflatoxin precursors into aflatoxin B1. Four atoxigenic strains failed to convert any of the aflatoxin biosynthetic precursors to aflatoxins. However, the strain (AF36) most effective in preventing aflatoxin contamination in developing bolls converted all tested precursors into aflatoxin B1, indicating that this strain made enzymes in the aflatoxin biosynthetic pathway.
On the Performance of Coherent Systems in the Presence of Polarization-Dependent Loss for Linear and Maximum Likelihood Receivers (2010)

The performance of coherent polarization- multiplexed optical systems is evaluated in the presence of polarization-dependent loss (PDL) for linear and maximum- likelihood receivers and lumped noise at the receiver. The boundaries of PDL mitigation methods are discussed.
Chlorine Resistant Glutaraldehyde Crosslinked Polyelectrolyte Multilayer Membranes for Desalination (2015)

Crosslinked polyelectrolyte multilayer membranes are synthesized with salt rejection values approaching those of commercial desalination membranes, but with increased chlorine resistance. The membranes are fabricated directly onto porous commercial substrates. Subsequent crosslinking of the polycation layers with glutaraldehyde leads to NaCl rejections of up to 97%, while the incorporation of a highly sulfonated polysulfone polyanion leads to high chlorine resistance.
High-Q Micromachined Silver Passives and Filters (2006)

This paper presents high aspect-ratio silver (Ag) micromachining for implementation of very high quality factor (Q) tunable, and fixed passives, and low insertion loss bandpass LC filters. A combination of low-loss substrate and highest conductivity metal is used to achieve record high Q and low insertion loss (IL) at radio frequencies
Nematic Elastomer Fiber Actuator (2003)

We report the synthesis and physical studies of a liquid crystalline elastomer fiber consisting of two side-chain liquid crystalline acrylates and a nonmesogennic comonomer side group that acts as a reactive site for cross-linking. The terpolymer was synthesized by radical polymerization, and the cross-linking of the network was achieved by using a diisocyanate unit. The fiber formed shows good liquid crystal alignment texture under a cross-polarizer microscope. Thermoelastic response shows strain changes through the nematic−isotropic phase transition of about 30−35%. A retractive force of nearly 300 kPa was measured in the isotropic phase. Static work loop studies show the viscoelastic losses in these materials to be very small. We also present preliminary studies on the effect of doping carbon nanotubes on the induced strain at the nematic−isotropic transition.
Comparative repeatability of guide-pin axis positioning in computer-assisted and manual femoral head resurfacing arthroplasty (2007)

The orientation of the femoral component in hip resurfacing arthroplasty affects the likelihood of loosening and fracture. Computer-assisted surgery has been shown to improve significantly the surgeon's ability to achieve a desired position and orientation; nevertheless, both bias and variability in positioning remain and can potentially be improved. The authors recently developed a computer-assisted surgical (CAS) technique to guide the placement of the pin used in femoral head resurfacing arthroplasty and showed that it produced significantly less variation than a typical manual technique in varus/valgus placement relative to a preoperatively determined surgical plan while taking a comparable amount of time. In the present study, the repeatability of both the CAS and manual techniques is evaluated in order to estimate the relative contributions to overall variability of surgical technique (CAS versus manual), surgeon experience (novice versus experienced), and other sources of variability (e.g. across specimens and across surgeons). This will enable further improvements in the accuracy of CAS techniques. Three residents/fellows new to femoral head resurfacing and three experienced hip arthroplasty surgeons performed 20-30 repetitions of each of the CAS and manual techniques on at least one of four cadaveric femur specimens. The CAS system had markedly better repeatability (1.2 degrees) in varus/valgus placement relative to the manual technique (2.8 degrees), slightly worse repeatability in version (4.4 degrees versus 3.2 degrees), markedly better repeatability in mid-neck placement (0.7 mm versus 2.5 mm), no significant dependence on surgeon skill level (in contrast to the manual technique), and took significantly less time (50 s versus 123 s). Proposed improvements to the version measurement process showed potential for reducing the standard deviation by almost two thirds. This study supports the use of CAS for femoral head resurfacing as it is quicker than the manual technique, independent of surgeon experience, and demonstrates improved repeatability.
Adaptive observers for sensorless control of an induction motor (2001)

Novel adaptive speed and flux observers are designed as a part of the speed sensorless control scheme of an induction motor (IM). The design is based on a special form of IM equations with filtered current and voltage command signals as inputs. The speed tuning algorithm incorporates the stator current observer with gradient or sign speed adjustment schemes. The proposed flux observer is based on an algebraic relation involving measured and filtered signals and it shows better performance than the conventional flux observers in the low speed region and during transients. Various simulation and experimental results are presented to demonstrate the potential and practicality of the approach.
A Cognitive Radio Reconfigurable MIMO and Sensing Antenna System (2014)

A planar, compact, single-substrate, multiband, frequency-reconfigurable multiple-input-multiple-output (MIMO) antenna system is presented. The proposed antenna elements are integrated with an ultrawideband (UWB) sensing antenna to develop a complete antenna platform for cognitive radio (CR) applications. The dual-element MIMO antenna is integrated with p-i-n and varactor diodes for frequency reconfigurability. Two modes of selection are used for the MIMO antenna system reconfigurability along with varactor tuning to sweep the frequency over a wide band especially below 1 GHz. The proposed sensing antenna is used to cover a wide range of frequency bands from 720 ~ 3440 MHz. The complete system comprising the multiband reconfigurable MIMO antennas and UWB sensing antenna for CR applications is proposed with a compact form factor. The antenna system is developed on a single substrate area of dimensions 65×120×1.56 mm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3</sup> .
A configuration management assessment method for SON verification (2014)

Over the last years the complexity of mobile communication networks has significantly increased. Therefore, Self-Organizing Network (SON) features have been introduced to automate the process of fault-remedying, configuring Network Elements (NEs), and optimizing their operation. Such features are typically implemented by SON functions which actively perform changes to Configuration Management (CM) parameters in order to achieve certain objectives. However, having such features also requires a mechanism that allows us to verify their actions. In case certain NEs experience an undesired behavior, we have to be able to determine whether it is caused by CM changes and, if so, identify the responsible ones for that to happen. In this paper we propose a novel CM change performance assessment method with dynamic scope management for automated CM undo decision making. Our method includes two key properties: the ability to determine the minimal set of cells that are possibly influenced by a certain CM change, and generate a recommendation to accept or reject it based on the observed network performance. Results from our real data evaluation show our method is able to detect anomalous network behavior and identify the responsible changes.
Evaluation of cellular immune responses induced in mice by alphavirus replicon particle vaccines for SARS-CoV (B190) (2007)

Abstract An RNA replicon vector system derived from an attenuated strain of VEE virus was used to produce virus-like replicon particles (VRP) expressing SARS-CoV genes. We previously showed in mouse studies that complete protection was conferred by SARS S VRP and partial protection with SARS M VRP. In this study, two assays for cellular immunity were used to characterize the T cell phenotypes and cytokine profiles induced after SARS VRP vaccination. Following SARS M, N, S or E VRP immunization of BALB/c mice, splenocytes were harvested for antigen specific ICS and ELISPOTs. The SARS S VRP induced both CD4 and CD8 responses with the latter being the dominant component as measured by ICS for IFN-γ or TNF-α. Polyfunctional CD8 cells secreting both IFN-γ and TNF-α were also detected. Following SARS N VRP immunization, T cells secreting IFN-γ or TNF-α were readily detected with cells secreting both predominately identified as CD4 cells. Th1 cytokine secretion was not detected in cells from SARS M VRP inoculated mice. SARS E VRP elicited a robust CD8 response as shown by cytokine expression in cells stimulated with a 9mer peptide. IL-4 was not detectable after any SARS VRP vaccination. The IFN-γ ELISPOT results paralleled those from ICS, indicating that the SARS VRP vaccines induced Th1 biased responses, although the cytokines elicited differed depending on the SARS gene expressed. This study was supported by NIH grant #UC1-AI62582
Laser Beam Welding of Nitride Steel Components (2011)

Laser beam welding is a joining technique that has many advantages over conventional GMAW welding, such as low heat input, short cycle time as well as good cosmetic welds. Laser beam welding has been widely used for welding powertrain components in automotive industry. When welding nitride steel components, however, laser beam welding faces a great challenge. The difficulty lies in the fact that the nitride layer in the joint releases the nitrogen into the weld pool, resulting in a porous weld. This research presents an industrial ready solution to prevent the nitrogen from forming gas bubbles in the weld.
MadPad: A Crowdsourcing System for Audiovisual Sampling (2011)

MadPad is a networked audiovisual sample station for mobile devices. Twelve short video clips are loaded onto the screen in a grid and playback is triggered by tapping anywhere on the clip. This is similar to tapping the pads of an audio sample station, but extends that interaction to add visual sampling. Clips can be shot on-the-y with a cameraenabled mobile device and loaded into the player instantly, giving the performer an ability to quickly transform his or her surroundings into a sample-based, audiovisual instrument. Samples can also be sourced from an online community in which users can post or download content. The recent ubiquity of multitouch mobile devices and advances in pervasive computing have made this system possible, providing for a vast amount of content only limited by the imagination of the performer and the community. This paper presents the core features of MadPad and the design explorations that inspired them.
WDM-PON Based on Wavelength Locked Fabry-Perot LDs (2008)

A WDM-PON has been considered as an ultimate solution for access networks. However, there were many technical and practical issues for commercial deployment. These issues were solved with wavelength locked F-P LD and the WDM-PONs employing this optical source were commercialized. These WDM-PON systems have been deployed in Korea, Europe, and US. We reviewed wavelength locking technology and WDM-PON achievements. When we inject spectrum sliced broadband light into an F-P LD, the multimode output is changed to a quasi single mode. Then, we can use the single mode light for WDM signal transmission. The broad spectral gain of the semiconductor gain medium enables a color-free operation of WDM-PON, i.e., an identical ONT can be used for each user. The wavelength locking properties depend on many parameters, especially alignment of injection wavelength to a lasing mode, passband profile of AWG and front facet reflectivity of F-P LD. However, these dependencies can be reduced by proper design of the laser and the injection bandwidth. Thus, WDM-PON systems have been achieved with color-free operation.