gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Reduced workload block coding in JPEG2000 (2007)

We present the analysis, design and results for a reduced workload embedded block coding with optimal truncation (EBCOT) computational block, in JPEG2000 compression standard. We propose a new technique of rate distortion (R/D) control technique to reduce the amount of EBCOT computation that is required. In the proposed technique the compression rate requirement is relaxed, and instead we aim at maximizing the image quality while minimizing processing time by reducing the EBCOT workload.
A novel high-resolution optical imaging modality: photo-magnetic imaging (2013)

We introduce an entirely new technique, termed Photo-Magnetic Imaging (PMI), which overcomes the limitation of pure optical imaging and provides optical absorption at MRI spatial resolution. PMI uses laser light to heat the medium under investigation and employs MR thermometry for the determination of spatially resolved optical absorption in the probed medium. A FEM-based PMI forward solver has been developed by modeling photon migration and heat diffusion in tissue to compare simulation results with measured MRI maps. We have successfully performed PMI using 2.5 cm diameter agar phantom with two low optical absorption contrast (x 4) inclusions under the ANSI limit. Currently, we are developing the PMI inverse solver and undertaking further phantom and <i>in vivo</i> experiments.
Multispectral imaging for biometrics (2005)

Automated identification systems based on fingerprint images are subject to two significant types of error: an incorrect decision about the identity of a person due to a poor quality fingerprint image and incorrectly accepting a fingerprint image generated from an artificial sample or altered finger. This paper discusses the use of multispectral sensing as a means to collect additional information about a finger that significantly augments the information collected using a conventional fingerprint imager based on total internal reflectance. In the context of this paper, “multispectral sensing” is used broadly to denote a collection of images taken under different polarization conditions and illumination configurations, as well as using multiple wavelengths. Background information is provided on conventional fingerprint imaging. A multispectral imager for fingerprint imaging is then described and a means to combine the two imaging systems into a single unit is discussed. Results from an early-stage prototype of such a system are shown.
Cyclic motion encoding for enhanced MR visualization of slip interfaces (2009)

Functional shear slip interfaces can be visualized sensitively using cyclic motion encoding of externally applied tissue vibrations.
16<i>α</i>-[<sup>125</sup>I]Iodo-11<i>β</i>Methoxy-17<i>β</i>-Estradiol:A Radiochemical Probe for Estrogen-Sensitive Tissues* (1986)

We have synthesized an analog of 16 alpha-iodoestradiol, 11 beta-methoxy-16 alpha-iodo-estra-1,3,5-(10)triene-3,17 beta-diol (16 alpha-iodo-11 beta-methoxyestradiol), as a potential radiopharmaceutical for the in vivo imaging of estrogen-sensitive tissues. This steroid was synthesized labeled with 125I by halogen exchange of the stable intermediate 11 beta-methoxy-16 beta-bromo-17 beta-estradiol with Na125I. The halogen exchange reaction produces the radioiodinated steroid with a 65-80% yield in 3 h. This rapid synthesis and purification of the 125I-labeled estrogen permits a similar synthesis with 123I, a radioisotope with excellent properties for imaging. The 11-methoxy analog is a highly potent estrogen that binds to the estrogen receptor with an affinity equal to that of estradiol. In vivo, 11 beta-methoxy-16 alpha-[125I]iodoestradiol concentrates in an estrogen receptor-dependent manner in the uterus, producing remarkably sustained and much higher uterus to blood ratios than 16 alpha-[125I]iodoestradiol. Thus, this radiosteroid shows great promise, both as a research probe of the estrogen receptor and as a clinical tool for the imaging of estrogen-responsive tumors.
Two New “Protected” Oxyphors for Biological Oximetry: Properties and Application in Tumor Imaging (2011)

We report the synthesis, calibration, and examples of application of two new phosphorescent probes, Oxyphor R4 and Oxyphor G4, optimized specifically for in vivo oxygen imaging by phosphorescence quenching. These "protected" dendritic probes can operate in either albumin-rich (blood plasma) or albumin-free (interstitial space) environments at all physiological oxygen concentrations, from normoxic to deep hypoxic conditions. Oxyphors R4 and G4 are derived from phosphorescent Pd-meso-tetra-(3,5-dicarboxyphenyl)-porphyrin (PdP) or Pd-meso-tetra-(3,5-dicarboxyphenyl)-tetrabenzoporphyrin (PdTBP), respectively, and possess features common for protected dendritic probes, i.e., hydrophobic dendritic encapsulation of phosphorescent metalloporphyrins and hydrophilic PEGylated periphery. The new Oxyphors are highly soluble in aqueous environments and do not permeate biological membranes. The probes were calibrated under physiological conditions (pH 6.4-7.8) and temperatures (22-38 °C), showing high stability, reproducibility of signals, and lack of interactions with biological solutes. Oxyphor G4 was used to dynamically image intravascular and interstitial oxygenation in murine tumors in vivo. The physiological relevance of the measurements was demonstrated by dynamically recording changes in tissue oxygenation during application of anesthesia (isofluorane). These experiments revealed that changes in isofluorane concentration significantly affect tissue oxygenation.
Transgenic Mice as a Model of Alzheimer’s Disease (1994)

A significant obstacle to determining the role of ß-amyloid in Alzheimer’s disease (AD) has been the lack of a manipulable small animal model. The amyloid plaque has been viewed as a major etiological factor in AD dementia and, alternatively, as an epiphenomenon. Transgenic technology provides the potential of a small animal model in which such questions might be addressed experimentally, and which would also be useful in therapeutic development.
<title>Microfabrication of channel electron multipliers</title> (1995)

Channel electron multipliers are vacuum-electron devices for detection of charged particles and energetic photons. Several manufacturing technologies for microelectronics and microelectromechanical systems hold significant promise for the development of a new generation of silicon-based channel electron multipliers with greater capabilities and broader applications than conventional glass-based ones. This paper describes several approaches to microfabrication of such devices using surface and bulk micromachining techniques. Results are presented for fully micromachined channel electron multipliers with signal gains in the range of 10<SUP>2</SUP> - 10<SUP>6</SUP>.
Network Intrusion Detection: Using MDLcompress for deep packet inspection (2008)

We apply MDLcompress, a grammar inference engine, to Network Intrusion Detection (NID). We specifically target HTTP payload analysis of Deep Packet Inspection (DPI) utilizing the DARPA 1999 data sets for our normal network traffic base and create modern attack traffic using Nessus. Our approach accurately detected over 98% of the attacks compared with literature reports of approximately 95% accuracy rate on HTTP attacks.
Developing vaccines to prevent malaria in pregnant women (2015)

The approach taken to develop a P. falciparum erythrocyte membrane protein 1-based vaccine to protect pregnant women is very promising in view of the current difficulties of achieving a sterilizing vaccine against malaria parasite. This approach could help us to control the deleterious effect of malaria infections that characterize severe clinical forms.
Programmable, multi-turn, pulse width modulation circuit for a non-contact angular position sensor (2004)

Recent requirements from the automotive industry for Electronic Stability Control and Roll Prevention Systems together with better fuel efficiency (i.e. engine power reduction) have dictated the replacement of the Power Steering Hydraulic Pump with an electric motor. The main steering angle sensor for this application needs to be a multi-turn rotary position sensor. This paper presents a circuit based on a design technique that produces a multiple-turn output of a full (0° to 360°) cycle of a Pulse-Width-Modulation (PWM) signal from a single (0° to 360°) turn of a Non-Contact Angular Position Sensor (NCAPS) [1, 2, 3, 4]. While described for use with the NCAPS, the circuit can be used with any rotary or linear sensor with a compatible PWM output.
A novel synthetic approach to pyrrolo[2,3-d]pyrimidine antifolates (1993)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTA novel synthetic approach to pyrrolo[2,3-d]pyrimidine antifolatesTetsuo Miwa, Takenori Hitaka, and Hiroshi AkimotoCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1993, 58, 7, 1696–1701Publication Date (Print):March 1, 1993Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 March 1993https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo00059a016https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00059a016research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views623Altmetric-Citations21LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
A Novel Microcombustor for Sensor and Thermal Energy Management Applications in Microsystems (2003)

The microcombustor described in this report was developed primarily for thermal management in microsystems and as a platform for micro-scale flame ionization detectors (microFID). The microcombustor consists of a thin-film heater/thermal sensor patterned on a thin insulating membrane that is suspended from its edges over a silicon frame. This micromachined design has very low heat capacity and thermal conductivity and is an ideal platform for heating catalytic materials placed on its surface. Catalysts play an important role in this design since they provide a convenient surface-based method for flame ignition and stabilization. The free-standing platform used in the microcombustor mitigates large heat losses arising from large surface-to-volume ratios typical of the microdomain, and, together with the insulating platform, permit combustion on the microscale. Surface oxidation, flame ignition and flame stabilization have been demonstrated with this design for hydrogen and hydrocarbon fuels premixed with air. Unoptimized heat densities of 38 mW/mm{sup 2} have been achieved for the purpose of heating microsystems. Importantly, the microcombustor design expands the limits of flammability (Low as compared with conventional diffusion flames); an unoptimized LoF of 1-32% for natural gas in air was demonstrated with the microcombustor, whereas conventionally 4-16% observed. The LoF for hydrogen, methane, propane and ethane are likewise expanded. This feature will permit the use of this technology in many portable applications were reduced temperatures, lean fuel/air mixes or low gas flows are required. By coupling miniature electrodes and an electrometer circuit with the microcombustor, the first ever demonstration of a microFID utilizing premixed fuel and a catalytically-stabilized flame has been performed; the detection of -1-3% of ethane in hydrogen/air is shown. This report describes work done to develop the microcombustor for microsystem heating and flame ionization detection and includes a description of modeling and simulation performed to understand the basic operation of this device. Ancillary research on the use of the microcombustor in calorimetric gas sensing is also described where appropriate.
ChemInform Abstract: 7‐Phenylplatensimycin (IIIa) and 11‐Methyl‐7‐phenylplatensimycin (IIIb): More Potent Analogues of Platensimycin (2010)

Abstract synthesis of the title compounds (III) utilizing a carbonyl ylide cycloaddition strategy
Studying the distribution of deep Raman spectroscopy signals using liquid tissue phantoms with varying optical properties (2015)

In this study we employed large volume liquid tissue phantoms, consisting of a scattering agent (Intralipid), an absorption agent (Indian ink) and a synthesized calcification powder (calcium hydroxyapatite (HAP)) similar to that found in cancerous tissues (e.g. breast and prostate), to simulate human tissues. We studied experimentally the magnitude and origin of Raman signals in a transmission Raman geometry as a function of optical properties of the medium and the location of calcifications within the phantom. The goal was to inform the development of future noninvasive cancer screening applications in vivo. The results provide insight into light propagation and Raman scattering distribution in deep Raman measurements, exploring also the effect of the variation of relative absorbance of laser and Raman photons within the phantoms. Most notably when modeling breast and prostate tissues it follows that maximum signals is obtained from the front and back faces of the tissue with the central region contributing less to the measured spectrum.
Hedgehog Proteins Play A Role In Peripheral Nerve Regeneration (2000)

Hedgehog proteins are embryonic induction factors that play a role in the development of the central and peripheral nervous systems. The Hedgehog proteins and their signaling pathway continue to be expressed in the adult nervous system, where their role is not known. In adult peripheral nerve, Sonic Hedgehog (Shh) is expressed in a subset of motor neurons, Desert Hedgehog (Dhh) is expressed in Schwann cells, and the Hedgehog receptor Patched (Ptc) and the Hedgehog‐responsive transcription factor Gli are expressed predominantly in perineurial cells. We have used the mouse sciatic nerve crush model to assess whether the Hedgehog pathway plays a role in nerve regeneration. The sciatic nerve was crushed in adult, male CD‐1 mice, and the expression of Dhh, Ptc‐1, Ptc‐2 and Gli‐1 was examined 1, 3, 7 and 13 days later. The ability of exogenous and endogenous Hedgehog proteins to influence functional recovery after nerve crush was assessed by measuring toe spread and ability to grip with the hindpaws. Little change in expression was seen 1 or 3 days after nerve crush. At 7 days and, to a greater extent, 13 days, there was a pronounced increase in expression of Dhh in Schwann cells and Ptc‐1 in perineurial cells. Expression of Ptc‐2 and Gli‐1 increased not only in the perineurial layer, but also in the endoneurium. Treatment with a Shh‐Ig fusion protein (1 mg/kg s.c. every other day) improved recovery of both toe spread and ability to grip. Conversely, treatment with an anti‐Hedgehog neutralizing antibody (10 mg/kg s.c. every other day) slowed functional recovery, while an isotype control antibody had no effect. These findings suggest that endogenous Hedgehog proteins play a role in promoting regeneration following nerve injury and that administration of exogenous Hedgehog proteins can further accelerate recovery of injured peripheral nerves. Therefore, Hedgehog proteins may be useful in the treatment of nerve injury and peripheral neuropathies.
Strain-driven control of piezoelectricity in (Na,Bi)TiO3-BaTiO3 epitaxial thin films (2013)

Thermal strain effect on the piezoelectricity was investigated for (Na,Bi)TiO3−BaTiO3 (NBT−BT) thin films on various substrates with (100) and (110) orientations. The compressive-thermal strain caused an increase in the remnant polarization unaccompanied by a decrease in dielectric permittivity, which resulted in enhancement of the piezoelectric coefficient, e*31. For films on (110) substrates, the crystal lattices were distorted to orthorhombic symmetry under both the tensile- and compressive-strains and the in-plane anisotropy of piezoelectricity emerged with e*31 as large as −19 to −20.6 C/m2. We conclude that the large piezoelectricity in NBT−BT films on (110) substrates is related to the appearance of orthorhombic phase.
Musculoskeletal modeling to predict and reduce Antetrior Cruciate Ligament injury during single leg drop jump activity: Synergistic muscle co-activation approach (2019)

This paper presents a `drop jump' modeling to study the effect of synergistic muscle activation on controlling Anterior Cruciate Ligament (ACL) injury. ACL injuries are mostly caused during high impact loading. A full body musculoskeletal model with knee ligaments have been developed in `OpenSim platform' to simulate ACL injury during drop jump activity. The model is used to quantify the effect of change in muscle activation on different kinetic and kinematic parameters, which are associated with ACL injury. A neuromusculoskeletal controller have been designed which selects optimal muscle activation of Quadriceps, Hamstrings, Gastrocnemius and Tibilias anterior muscle group so as to reduce the chance of ACL injury and ankle inversion risk while jumping from elevated platforms. The OpenSim model along with the neuro-muscular controller forms an injury `predict-adapt' system, which can be useful in designing specific training sessions for athletics or for planning personalized rehabilitation therapy.
Building a visual database for example-based graphics generation (2003)

Example-based graphics generation systems automatically create new information visualizations by learning from existing graphic examples. As part of the effort on developing a general-purpose example-based generation system, we are building a visual database of graphic examples. In this paper, we address two main issues involved in constructing such a database: example selection and example modeling. As a result, our work offers three unique contributions: First, we build a visual database that contains a diverse collection of well-designed examples. Second, we develop a feature-based scheme to model all examples uniformly and accurately. Third, our visual database brings several important implications to the area of information visualization.
A low-power direct digital frequency synthesizer architecture for wireless communications (2003)

A novel low-power direct digital frequency synthesizer (DDFS) architecture is presented. The sine and cosine functions are generated by linearly interpolating between the sample points, reducing the size of the ROM look-up table to 416 bits for 9-bit output resolution. The DDFS is implemented in 0.8 /spl mu/m CMOS technology and features 60 dBc spectral purity, 48 Hz frequency resolution, with only 9.5 mW (@30 MHz, 3.3 V) power dissipation.
Improving test generation by use of majority gates (2013)

Scan testing and scan compression have become key components for reducing test cost. We present a novel technique to increase automatic test pattern generation (ATPG) effectiveness by identifying and exploiting instances of increasingly common “majority gates”. Test generation is modified so that better decision are made and care bits can be reduced. Consequently, test coverage, pattern count and CPU time can be improved. The new method requires no hardware support, and can be applied to any ATPG system, although scan compression methods can benefit the most.
Effect of current injection efficiency on efficiency-droop in InGaN quantum well light-emitting diodes (2009)

In this paper, the current injection efficiency (¿ <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">injection</sub> ) and internal quantum efficiency (¿ <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">IQE</sub> ) of InGaN QWs are investigated. Due to the existence of the polarization field in the InGaN QW, the band bending of the band edge potential leads to thermionic carrier escape from InGaN QW GaN barrier regions. The ¿ <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">injection</sub> is the fraction of injected current that recombines in the QW active region, and the radiative efficiency (¿ <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">Radiative</sub> ) is the fraction of recombination current in QW that recombines radiatively. The ¿ <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">IQE</sub> can be expressed as the product of ¿ <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">injection</sub> and ¿ <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">Radiative</sub> . Here, the current injection efficiency model is developed based on current continuity relation for drift and diffusion carrier transport across the barrier, and the radiative efficiency model is based on self consistent 6-band k·p method.
Solid oxide fuel cell development at Topsoe Fuel Cell and Risø (2006)

The consortium of Topsoe Fuel Cell A/S and Risø National Laboratory has scaled up its production capacity of anode-supported cells to about 1100 per week. The consortium has an extended program to develop the SOFC technology all the way to a marketable product. Standard stacks have been tested for more than 13 000 h. Post-mortem analysis has revealed the dominating degradation mechanisms. Recently, the degradation rate has been reduced to below 0.5% per 1000 h by introduction of improved stack component materials, including improved metallic interconnects. Several 50- or 75-cell stacks in the 1 kWe and above power range have been tested successfully on methane-rich reformate gas at a fuel utilization up to 92%. Stack and system modeling – including cost optimization analysis – is used to develop 5–25 kWe stack modules for operation in the 700–850°C temperature range. A special effort is focused on manufacturing and testing of larger anode-supported cells and stacks with a footprint of 18 × 18 cm2. The SOFC program comprises the development of next-generation cells with metallic supports for operation at lower temperature with increased durability, lower cost, and high mechanical robustness. A range of fuels have been studied including natural gas, LPG, methanol, DME, diesel and ammonia. A multi-stack design study for a 24-stack module prototype has been finalized, and stack construction is under way for a 20 kWe prototype running on natural gas. The studies predict system electrical efficiencies from 50% to 56% (AC out/LHV fuel in) depending on the fuel used and the size of the system.
ChemInform Abstract: THE EFFECT OF THICKNESS ON THE PERFORMANCE OF MOLTEN CARBONATE FUEL CELL CATHODES (1983)

Abstract Polarisationsdaten wurden für die O 2 ‐Reduktion (O 2 ‐ und CO 2 ‐haltige Arbeitsgase) an porösen lithiierten Nickeloxid‐Brennstoffzellen‐Kathoden im (LiK) 2 CO 3 ‐Elektrolyten (62 mol‐% Li 2 CO 3 ) bei 650°C aufgenommen.
Photolytically Produced Gradient Index Lenses in Photosensitive Glass (1984)

In two prior notes 1,2 we described an optical technique whereby permanent refractive index changes could be optically induced in a porous glass containing a number of specific photosensitive compounds. The porous structure could then be consolidated or polymer impregnated to obtain a dense non-porous glass while maintaining the index pattern.