gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Oil palm phenolics and vitamin E reduce atherosclerosis in rabbits (2014)

The protective effects of oil palm vitamin E and phenolics against atherosclerosis, either singly or in combination, were studied in an atherogenic rabbit model. Rabbits were either fed atherogenic diet only (CTR), or atherogenic diet with vitamin E (VIT E), or atherogenic diet with oil palm phenolics (OPP), or atherogenic diet with both vitamin E and oil palm phenolics (VIT E + OPP). Results from lipid profile and antioxidant analyses were not significantly different between groups (p > 0.05). However, fibrous plaques were associated with the CTR group (8.90 ± 5.41%) and these were significantly less (p < 0.05) in the VIT E (2.88 ± 2.01%) and OPP (1.48 ± 4.45%) groups. Fibrous plaques were not detected at all in the VIT E + OPP group. Our findings suggest that oil palm vitamin E and oil palm phenolics individually inhibited atherosclerotic lesion development. However, oil palm vitamin E in combination with oil palm phenolics provided the highest protective effect against development of atherosclerotic lesions.
The Use of Extracellular Membrane Vesicles for Immunization against Francisellosis in Nile Tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) and Atlantic Cod (Gadus morhua L.) (2021)

Francisellosis in fish is caused by the facultative intracellular Gram-negative bacterial pathogens <i>Francisella noatunensis</i> ssp. <i>noatunensis</i> and <i>Francisella orientalis</i>. The disease is affecting both farmed and wild fish worldwide and no commercial vaccines are currently available. In this study, we tested isolated membrane vesicles (MVs) as possible vaccine candidates based on previous trials in zebrafish (<i>Danio rerio</i>) indicating promising vaccine efficacy. Here, the MV vaccine-candidates were tested in their natural hosts, Atlantic cod (<i>Gadus morhua</i> L.) and Nile tilapia (<i>Oreochromis niloticus</i>). Injection of MVs did not display any toxicity or other negative influence on the fish and gene expression analysis indicated an influence on the host immune response. However, unlike in other tested fish species, a protective immunity following vaccine application and immunization period could not be detected in the Atlantic cod or tilapia. Further in vivo studies are required to achieve a better understanding of the development of immunological memory in different fish species.
Interlayer Mediated Epitaxy of Cobalt Silicide on Silicon (100) from Low Temperature Chemical Vapor Deposition of Cobalt Formation Mechanisms and Associated Properties (2001)

This paper reports the development of a methodology for the growth of epitaxial that uses Co films deposited by low temperature (390°C) chemical vapor deposition (CVD) from cobalt tricarbonyl nitrosyl as source precursor. This CVD process exploits the reaction kinetics associated with the adsorption and decomposition of on Si surfaces to ensure the in situ, sequential growth of an ultrathin interfacial oxide layer followed by a Co thin film in a single deposition step. It is demonstrated that this interlayer, consisting of a Si-O or a Co-Si-O phase, inhibits silicidation for uncapped CVD Co regardless of annealing times and temperatures. Instead, Co agglomeration is observed, with the degree of agglomeration being proportional to the annealing temperature. The agglomeration is due to a reduction in the overall energy of the system through decrease of the Co/substrate interfacial area. Alternatively, for Ti/TiN capped CVD Co samples, the interfacial layer appears to play a role similar to that observed for similar layers in interlayer mediated epitaxy (IME). This assessment is supported by the observation of epitaxial for capped CVD Co samples after a single-step anneal at 725°C for 30 s. In contrast, Ti/TiN capped PVD Co samples annealed under identical processing conditions exhibited a polycrystalline phase with a strong (200) texture. As such, the methodology presented herein represents a modified IME technique for the growth of high quality, epitaxial films for applications in emerging microelectronics device technologies. © 2000 The Electrochemical Society. All rights reserved.
An Efficient and Economic Asymmetric Synthesis of (+)-Nootkatone, Tetrahydronootkatone, and Derivatives (2009)

Image Persented A facile route to enantiomerically pure (+)-nootkatone and derivatives has been established through conjunctive stereoselective Grignard/anionic oxy-Cope (AOC) reactions. © 2009 American Chemical Society.
Unbiased estimation of size and other aggregates over hidden web databases (2010)

Many websites provide restrictive form-like interfaces which allow users to execute search queries on the underlying hidden databases. In this paper, we consider the problem of estimating the size of a hidden database through its web interface. We propose novel techniques which use a small number of queries to produce unbiased estimates with small variance. These techniques can also be used for approximate query processing over hidden databases. We present theoretical analysis and extensive experiments to illustrate the effectiveness of our approach.
Low-noise AlInAsSb avalanche photodiode (2016)

We report low-noise avalanche gain from photodiodes composed of a previously uncharacterized alloy, Al0.7In0.3As0.3Sb0.7, grown on GaSb. The bandgap energy and thus the cutoff wavelength are similar to silicon; however, since the bandgap of Al0.7In0.3As0.3Sb0.7 is direct, its absorption depth is 5 to 10 times shorter than indirect-bandgap silicon, potentially enabling significantly higher operating bandwidths. In addition, unlike other III-V avalanche photodiodes that operate in the visible or near infrared, the excess noise factor is comparable to or below that of silicon, with a k-value of approximately 0.015. Furthermore, the wide array of absorber regions compatible with GaSb substrates enable cutoff wavelengths ranging from 1 μm to 12 μm.
GLDPC Codes with Reed-Muller Component Codes Suitable for Optical Communications (2008)

In this paper, we consider the GLDPC codes with Reed-Muller (RM) and Bose-Chaudhuri-Hocquenghem (BCH) codes as component codes. GLDPC codes with RM codes as component codes is an attractive option for high-speed optical transmission because they provide excellent coding gains, while the RM codes can be decoded using low-complexity maximum a posteriori probability (MAP) decoding based on fast Walsh- Hadamard transform. Several classes of GLDPC codes (with component RM or BCH codes) outperforming the turbo product codes in terms of decoding complexity and coding gain are presented. We also identify several turbo product codes suitable for use in optical communications.
Optimizing queries using materialized views (2001)

Materialized views can provide massive improvements in query processing time, especially for aggregation queries over large tables. To realize this potential, the query optimizer must know how and when to exploit materialized views. This paper presents a fast and scalable algorithm for determining whether part or all of a query can be computed from materialized views and describes how it can be incorporated in transformation-based optimizers. The current version handles views composed of selections, joins and a final group-by. Optimization remains fully cost based, that is, a single “best” rewrite is not selected by heuristic rules but multiple rewrites are generated and the optimizer chooses the best alternative in the normal way. Experimental results based on an implementation in Microsoft SQL Server show outstanding performance and scalability. Optimization time increases slowly with the number of views but remains low even up to a thousand.
Novel catalysts for the carbonylation of methanol (1995)

Rhodium(I) carbonyl complexes containing phosphino-thiolate and -thioether ligands are almost four times as active in catalysing the carbonylation of methanol to ethanoic acid as the previously known catalyst, [Rhl2(CO)2]–; the crystal structure of one procatalyst, [Rh(SC6H4PPh2)(CO)]2, is reported.
Non-Destructive and Non-Invasive Assessment of Mechanical Properties in Heart Valve Tissue Engineering (2008)

Despite recent progress, mechanical properties of tissue engineered heart valves still lack mechanical strength compared to native aortic valves [1]. Although cyclic tissue straining in bioreactor systems is known to enhance tissue formation [2], specific optimal loading protocols have not yet been defined. To get a better insight in the effects of mechanical loading on tissue development, mechanical behavior of tissue constructs should be monitored and controlled during culture. However, currently used methods for mechanical characterization (e.g. tensile tests, indentation tests) are destructive and can therefore only be performed at the end stage of tissue culture. An experimental-numerical approach was previously proposed by which leaflet deformation was assessed during culture in a bioreactor system, real-time and non-invasively [3]. Further development of this approach now enables a non-invasive and non-destructive assessment of mechanical properties of engineered heart valve leaflets.
Control of Acidity Development on Solid Sulfur Due to Bacterial Action (2006)

The global production of sulfur, which is currently obtained almost exclusively as an involuntary byproduct of the oil and gas industry, is exceeding the market demand so that long term storage or even definitive disposal of elemental sulfur is often needed to handle production surplus. The storage of large quantities of elemental sulfur calls for solidifying liquid sulfur in huge blocks, hundred meters wide on each side and as high as 20 meters. Sulfur, in presence of water and air, can be oxidized to sulfuric acid by a ubiquitous microorganism: Thiobacillus. On large blocks, this natural phenomenon may lead to soil and water acidification. Research projects have addressed suppression of Thiobacilli activity to prevent acidification, but no industrial applications have been reported. This work describes the inhibition of sulfur biological oxidation attainable by exposing sulfur to a high ionic strength environment. The bacteriostatic action is produced by contacting sulfur with a solution of an inorganic salt, such as sodium chloride, having an ionic strength similar to sea water. Possible ways to exploit the inhibitory effect to prevent the generation of acidity from sulfur storage blocks are suggested.
Overcoming the Insolubility of Carbon Nanotubes through High Degrees of Sidewall Functionalization (2004)

Abstract For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Performance and cross-layer design of CSMA for wireless networks with multipacket reception (2005)

With the improvement of the physical layer's ability to decode more than one packets from multiple users, the classical collision model no longer applies and a cross-layer approach should be employed when designing multiple access protocols. This is especially the case for CSMA communications, which previously have not been studied under a multipacket reception (MPR) model. Since CSMA is used in the IEEE 802.11 wireless LAN standards and other wireless networks, improving its performances could have widespread benefits. In here, we investigate the impact of MPR on CSMA and propose a performance-improving cross-layer designed CSMA protocol for wireless networks.
Local Binary Pattern-Based Hyperspectral Image Classification With Superpixel Guidance (2017)

Since it is usually difficult and time-consuming to obtain sufficient training samples by manually labeling, feature extraction, which investigates the characteristics of hyperspectral images (HSIs), such as spectral continuity and spatial locality of surface objects, to achieve the most discriminative feature representation, is very important for HSI classification. Meanwhile, due to the spatial regularity of surface materials, it is desirable to improve the classification performance of HSIs from the superpixel viewpoint. In this paper, we propose a novel local binary pattern (LBP)-based superpixel-level decision fusion method for HSI classification. The proposed framework employs uniform LBP (ULBP) to extract local image features, and then, a support vector machine is utilized to formulate the probability description of each pixel belonging to every class. The composite image of the first three components extracted by a principal component analysis from the HSI data is oversegmented into many homogeneous regions by using the entropy rate segmentation method. Then, a region merging process is applied to make the superpixels obtained more homogeneous and agree with the spatial structure of materials more precisely. Finally, a probability-oriented classification strategy is applied to classify each pixel based on superpixel-level guidance. The proposed framework “ULBP-based superpixel-level decision fusion framework” is named ULBP-SPG. Experimental results on two real HSI data sets have demonstrated that the proposed ULBP-SPG framework is more effective and powerful than several state-of-the-art methods.
Bioactive anti‐inflammatory coating for chronic neural electrodes (2012)

Chronic electrodes are widely used for brain degenerative and psychiatric diseases such as Parkinson's disease,major depression, and obsessive-compulsive disorder, and for neuronal prosthesis. Brain immune reaction to electrodes in the form of glial scar encapsulates the electrode and reduces the efﬁcacy of deep brain stimulation and neuronal prosthesis.State-of-the-art strategies for improving brain–electrode interface use passive protein coating to "camouﬂage" the electrode from the immune system. In this study, we actively reduced the brain immune reaction to the chronic electrodes using immune suppressing protein, that is, interleukin (IL)-1 receptor antagonist. IL-1 receptor antagonist-coated electrodes and non coated electrodes were chronically implanted in rats. An additional group of rats was chronically implanted with IL-1 receptor antagonist- and laminin-coated electrodes (as passive protein). Examination of glial scaring 1 and 4 weeks after implantation indicated a signiﬁcant reduction in the amount of glial scar in the vicinity of the IL-1 receptor antagonist-coated electrode in comparison to both non coated electrode and laminin-coated electrodes. The results strongly suggest that active immune suppressing protein reduces the level of immune reaction to chronic electrodes already after 1 week after implantation and generates less immune reaction than passive protein coating [corrected].
Fabrication of high-precision solar filters: variety and limitations (2004)

Using H-alpha etalon-based solar filter as an example, we address the issues of practical realization of etalon-based filters used for solar astronomy and other related applications. The design rationale as well as the choice among two conventional formats of etalons is described, depending on the requirements on the devised solar filter.
Continuous Flash (2003)

To take a picture of a scene, we acquire multiple images under different levels of flash intensity (possibly just “flash on” and “flash off”), and let the user subsequently adjust the flash level continuously by interpolating among the stored images. Camera motion is corrected using image registration techniques robust to intensity differences. Flash adjustment occurs either immediately on the imaging device or subsequently on a PC, or the multiple acquired images are stored indefinitely in compressed form. The user adjusts flash intensity using a simple slider control, either uniformly over the whole image or regionally by segmenting the image or identifying image layers.
Fluorescent Single-Walled Carbon Nanotube Aerogels in Surfactant-free Environments (2011)

A general challenge in generating functional materials from nanoscale components is integrating them into useful composites that retain or enhance their properties of interest. Development of single walled carbon nanotube (SWNT) materials for optoelectronics and sensing has been especially challenging in that SWNT optical and electronic properties are highly sensitive to environmental interactions, which can be particularly severe in composite matrices. Percolation of SWNTs into aqueous silica gels shows promise as an important route for exploiting their properties, but retention of the aqueous and surfactant environment still impacts and limits optical response, while also limiting the range of conditions in which these materials may be applied. Here, we present for the first time an innovative approach to obtain highly fluorescent solution-free SWNT-silica aerogels, which provides access to novel photophysical properties. Strongly blue-shifted spectral features, revelation of new diameter-dependent gas-phase adsorption phenomena, and significant increase (approximately three times that at room temperature) in photoluminescence intensities at cryogenic temperatures all indicate greatly reduced SWNT-matrix interactions consistent with the SWNTs experiencing a surfactant-free environment. The results demonstrate that this solid-state nanomaterial will play an important role in further revealing the true intrinsic SWNT chemical and photophysical behaviors and represent for the first time a promising new solution- and surfactant-free material for advancing SWNT applications in sensing, photonics, and optoelectronics.
Sustainable iron-catalyzed direct imine formation by acceptorless dehydrogenative coupling of alcohols with amines (2016)

The Acceptorless Dehydrogenative Coupling (ADC) of alcohols with amines is reported using a heterogeneous Fe-catalyst.
Five, six, and seven-term Karatsuba-like formulae (2005)

The Karatsuba-Ofman algorithm starts with a way to multiply two 2-term (i.e., linear) polynomials using three scalar multiplications. There is also a way to multiply two 3-term (i.e., quadratic) polynomials using six scalar multiplications. These are used within recursive constructions to multiply two higher-degree polynomials in subquadratic time. We present division-free formulae, which multiply two 5-term polynomials with 13 scalar multiplications, two 6-term polynomials with 17 scalar multiplications, and two 7-term polynomials with 22 scalar multiplications. These formulae may be mixed with the 2-term and 3-term formulae within recursive constructions, leading to improved bounds for many other degrees. Using only the 6-term formula leads to better asymptotic performance than standard Karatsuba. The new formulae work in any characteristic, but simplify in characteristic 2. We describe their application to elliptic curve arithmetic over binary fields. We include some timing data.
Low power VLSI architecture for adaptive MAI suppression in CDMA using multi-stage convergence masking vector (2006)

In this paper, we propose a novel low power and low complexity multi-stage Parallel-Residue-Compensation (PRC) architecture for enhanced MAI suppression in the CDMA systems. The accuracy of the interference cancellation is improved with a set of weights computed from an adaptive Normalized Least-Mean-Square (NLMS) algorithm. The physical meaning of the complete versus weighted interference cancellation is applied to clip the weights above a certain threshold. Multistage Convergence-Masking-Vector (CMV) is then proposed to combine with the clock gating as a dynamic power management scheme in the VLSI receiver architecture. This reduces the dynamic power consumption in the VLSI architecture by up to 90% with a negligible performance loss.
50 IDENTIFICATION OF NOVEL ALTERED PEPTIDE LIGANDS RECOGNIZED BY HUMAN TUMOR-REACTIVE T CELLS. (2006)

<h3>Background</h3> Immunotherapy offers many potential advantages to traditional chemotherapy, including high specificity and low toxicity. One of the goals of immunotherapy is to generate tumor-specific cytotoxic lymphocytes (CTLs), which have the potential to specifically kill tumors. Tumor antigens have been used to elicit CTL responses. One disadvantage of using tumor antigens is that the CTLs that recognize these antigens are often of low affinity and/or low frequency. T cell epitopes can be engineered to enhance the expansion of tumor-specific CTLs. The challenge has been to identify such altered peptide ligands (APLs). <h3>Study Design and Methods</h3> We use a positional scanning synthetic combinatorial peptide library (PS-SCL) to identify superagonist peptides of NY-ESO-1, a tumor-associated antigen expressed in melanoma, ovarian cancer, and other solid tumors. This exhaustive search method looks at all amino acid combinations of 9mer peptides (approx. 20<sup>9</sup> peptides) in a positional scanning format. T cell killing of antigen-presenting cells loaded with the library was determined by chromium release assay. Biometric analysis of the data was used to identify candidate peptide sequences. These specific peptides were then tested and compared to the parental peptide NY-ESO-1 for enhanced target sensitization to lysis and capacity to elicit CTL responses in vitro. <h3>Results</h3> Four well-characterized high affinity NY-ESO-1-specific CTL clones were used to probe the combinatorial peptide library. Potential superagonist peptides for NY-ESO-1 were identified, ranked using a scoring algorithm, and then individually tested. We identified a novel core consensus sequence within the parental epitope that yielded enhanced CTL activity. <h3>Conclusion</h3> Through these methods we have identified several novel superagonist ligands for T cell-based immunotherapy using NY-ESO-1-specific clones. Such peptides may show promise for both adoptive therapy and cancer vaccines.
Discovery of Novel Proline-Based Neuropeptide FF Receptor Antagonists (2017)

The neuropeptide FF (NPFF) system has been implicated in a number of physiological processes including modulating the pharmacological activity of opioid analgesics and several other classes of drugs of abuse. In this study, we report the discovery of a novel proline scaffold with antagonistic activity at the NPFF receptors through a high throughput screening campaign using a functional calcium mobilization assay. Focused structure-activity relationship studies on the initial hit 1 have resulted in several analogs with calcium mobilization potencies in the submicromolar range and modest selectivity for the NPFF1 receptor. Affinities and potencies of these compounds were confirmed in radioligand binding and functional cAMP assays. Two compounds, 16 and 33, had good solubility and blood-brain barrier permeability that fall within the range of CNS permeant candidates without the liability of being a P-glycoprotein substrate. Finally, both compounds reversed fentanyl-induced hyperalgesia in rats when administered intraperitoneally. Together, these results point to the potential of these proline analogs as promising NPFF receptor antagonists.
An Electron Beam Exposure System (VL-R1) (1979)

The system design and performance of a newly developed electron beam exposure system are reported. The basic operation is of a raster scan over a narrow field with a continuously moving stage. The system is capable of practical making of master masks and reticles including composite patterns. A pattern size as large as 105×105 dots is managed by a data compaction method and by a continuous data flow method from a magnetic disk to a DMA. LSI patterns of 2 µm geometry are delineated at a speed of 2 cm2/min. The electron charge density as high as 15 µC/cm2 at 20 kV was achieved.