gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Rubbery wound closure adhesives. II. initiators for and initiation of 2-octyl cyanoacrylate polymerization (2015)

The polymerization of 2-octyl cyanoacrylate (OctCA) initiated by five N-bases [N,N-dimethyl-p-toluidine (DMT), pyridine (Pyr), triethyl amine (Et3N), azobicyclo[2.2.2]octane (ABCO), and diazobicylo[2.2.2]octane (DABCO)] was investigated. Our main objective was to assess the suitability and relative reactivity of these initiators for neat OctCA polymerization as wound closure adhesives. Methodologies were developed to determine stir-stop and set times of OctCA polymerization and to use these quantities to assess initiation reactivity. According to these studies Et3N, ABCO, DABCO, and Pyr are most reactive initiators, while DMT is much less reactive. Polymerizations were much faster in the presence of small amounts of tetrahydrofuran than toluene, indicating solvent polarity effects. Initiator reactivity is discussed in terms of structural parameters. NMR and MALDI-TOF analyses of low molecular weight P(OctCA) prepared with DMT did not show evidence for the expected aromatic head group proposed by earlier investigators, which suggests complex initiation mechanism. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Polym. Sci., Part A: Polym. Chem. 2015, 53, 1652–1659
Motion video adaptive quantization in the transform domain (1991)

The authors developed a minimax adaptive quantization algorithm that operates in the discrete cosine transform domain conforming to the Moving Picture Experts Group (MPEG) standard. The algorithm is designed to optimize image quality by adapting a quantizer scaling factor to the local characteristics of the video pictures while preserving a constraint on the average output bit rate. The algorithm is well suited for real-time encoder implementations of current video compression standards, such as MPEG and H.261.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
A natural image model approach to splicing detection (2007)

Image splicing detection is of fundamental importance in digital forensics and therefore has attracted increasing attention recently. In this paper, we propose a blind, passive, yet effective splicing detection approach based on a natural image model. This natural image model consists of statistical features extracted from the given test image as well as 2-D arrays generated by applying to the test images multi-size block discrete cosine transform (MBDCT). The statistical features include moments of characteristic functions of wavelet subbands and Markov transition probabilities of difference 2-D arrays. To evaluate the performance of our proposed model, we further present a concrete implementation of this model that has been designed for and applied to the Columbia Image Splicing Detection Evaluation Dataset. Our experimental works have demonstrated that this new splicing detection scheme outperforms the state of the art by a significant margin when applied to the above-mentioned dataset, indicating that the proposed approach possesses promising capability in splicing detection.
Characterization of the in vitro Activities of the P1 and Helper Component Proteases of Soybean mosaic virus Strain G2 and Tobacco vein mottling virus (2012)

Potyviruses express their RNA genomes through the production of polyproteins that are processed in host cells by three virus-encoded proteases. Soybean plants produce large amounts of protease inhibitors during seed development and in response to wounding that could affect the activities of these proteases. The in vitro activities of two of the proteases of Soybean mosaic virus (SMV) and Tobacco vein mottling virus (TVMV) were compared in the rabbit reticulocyte lysate in vitro translation system using synthetic RNA transcripts. Transcripts produced from SMV and TVMV cDNAs that included the P1 and helper component-protease (HC-Pro) coding regions directed synthesis of protein products that were only partially processed. Unprocessed poly-proteins were not detected from transcripts that included all of the P1, HC-Pro, P3 and portions of the cylindrical inclusion protein coding regions of either virus. Addition of soybean trypsin inhibitor to in vitro translation reactions increased the accumulation of the unprocessed polyprotein from TVMV transcripts, but did not alter the patterns of proteins produced from SMV. These experiments suggest that SMV-and TVMV-encoded proteases are differentially sensitive to protease inhibitors.
Serialization sets (2009)

This paper proposes a new parallel execution model where programmers augment a sequential program with pieces of code called serializers that dynamically map computational operations into serialization sets of dependent operations. A runtime system executes operations in the same serialization set in program order, and may concurrently execute operations in different sets. Because serialization sets establish a logical ordering on all operations, the resulting parallel execution is predictable and deterministic. We describe the API and design of Prometheus, a C++ library that implements the serialization set abstraction through compile-time template instantiation and a runtime support library. We evaluate a set of parallel programs running on the x86_64 and SPARC-V9 instruction sets and study their performance on multicore, symmetric multiprocessor, and ccNUMA parallel machines. By contrast with conventional parallel execution models, we find that Prometheus programs are significantly easier to write, test, and debug, and their parallel execution achieves comparable performance.
Clinical and Immunological Response to Nifedipine for the Treatment of Interstitial Cystitis (1991)

Nifedipine is a calcium channel antagonist known to inhibit smooth muscle contraction and cell-mediated immunity. The clinical and local immune response to nifedipine was investigated in an open trial with 10 female interstitial cystitis patients, whose disease was diagnosed according to the consensus criteria developed in 1987 at a National Institutes of Health workshop. To evaluate the symptoms and clinical response of the patients objectively we scored the symptoms of frequency, urgency, nocturia, dysuria and suprapubic pain on a scale of 0 to 2. Nifedipine was administered as a single daily dose determined by a dose-titration test. Urinary interleukin-2 inhibitor activity, a marker of cell-mediated inflammation, was measured using a murine interleukin-2 dependent cell line. Before nifedipine therapy the symptom scores (total of the 5 symptoms) ranged between 5 and 9, and after 2 months they ranged between 0 and 6. Of the 9 patients followed for at least 4 months only 1 failed to have a significant clinical improvement, 5 showed at least a 50% decrease in symptom scores and 3 were asymptomatic. Drug side effects were minimal. Urinary interleukin-2 inhibitor activity before nifedipine therapy confirmed the presence of cell-mediated inflammation. After 4 months of therapy interleukin-2 inhibitor activity was normal in 7 of 9 patients regardless of the severity of symptoms, which indicated that nifedipine exerted an immunosuppressive effect. Although our data suggest that nifedipine is an efficacious, well tolerated, convenient oral medication for the treatment of interstitial cystitis, the true value of nifedipine for patients with this disease must be determined by a prospective, randomized trial of nifedipine versus placebo.
Optimal operation tracking energy management system for a battery-equipped BTS microgrid (2014)

The energy supply (and loads) of a BTS consisting of unreliable electric grid supply (ex. in developing countries), diesel engine generator and battery with or without PV plant can be considered to be a micro grid operation problem with the goal of guaranteeing uninterrupted power supply for the station and associated air conditioning equipment at low cost, low CO <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> emissions and low engine tear despite uncertainties. To achieve optimal system operation, optimal battery charge/discharge cycles and diesel engine operation have to be derived. Under the theoretical full information assumption, this constitutes a classical optimization problem. However, with incomplete uncertain information during real operation, more intelligence such as adaptive prediction and optimization methods capable of treating uncertainties (ex. unknown blackout start/stop time) are needed to achieve near optimal performance. This paper introduces architecture and algorithms of an energy management system for optimum operation tracking. Simulation results show good performance close to theoretical optimal operation.
Dual-grating confocal-rainbow volume holographic imaging system designs for high depth resolution (2012)

Confocal microscopy rejects out-of-focus light from the object by scanning a pinhole through the image and reconstructing the image point by point. Volume holographic imaging systems with bright-field illumination have been proposed as an alternative to conventional confocal-type microscopes that does not require scanning of a pinhole or a slit. However, due to wavelength-position degeneracy of the hologram, the high Bragg selectivity of the volume hologram is not utilized and system performance is not optimized. Confocal-rainbow illumination has been proposed as a means to remove the degeneracy and improve optical sectioning in these systems. In prior work, two versions of this system were illustrated: the first version had a separate illumination and imaging grating and the second used a single grating to disperse the incident light and to separate wavelengths in the imaging path. The initial illustration of the dual-grating system has limited depth resolution due to the low selectivity of the illumination grating. The initial illustration of the single-grating system has high depth resolution but does not allow optimization of the illumination path and requires high optical quality of the holographic filters. In this paper we consider the design and tolerance requirements of the dual-grating system for high depth resolution and demonstrate the results with an experimental system. An experimental system with two 1.8 mm thick planar holograms achieved a depth resolution of 7 μm with a field of view of 1.9 mm and a hologram dispersion matching tolerance of ±0.008°.
Structure and stress evaluation of diamond films deposited on Ti-6Al-4V alloy at low temperature using CH{sub 4}/O{sub 2}/H{sub 2} and CO/H{sub 2} gas mixtures (1998)

Low temperature diamond deposition on metal substrates is motivated by the need to reduce thermal stress so that the film adhesion is satisfactory. Although the use of oxygen-containing gas mixtures have been shown to extend the temperature range for which diamond can grow as well as to improve film quality, most studies have focused on the use of silicon as substrates and have neglected technologically important metallic systems. To this end, microwave plasma chemical vapor deposition (MPCVD) was used to grow diamond films on Ti-6Al-4V alloy at low temperature (615 to 780 C) using CH{sub 4}/O{sub 2}/H{sub 2} and CO/H{sub 2} gas mixtures. In-situ pyrometric interferometry (ISPI) shows that as the oxygen concentration increases, the onset time for diamond nucleation and subsequent film surface roughness increases while the average growth rate decreases. Micro-Raman spectroscopy shows improved film quality and suggests a trend toward increasing in-plane compressive stress with increasing oxygen concentration. Glancing-angle x-ray diffraction (XRD) was complimentary to the Raman data and indicates the presence of a TiC interfacial layer thickness which decreases with increasing oxygen concentration. The authors found that the CO/H{sub 2} mixture resulted in poorly adhered white soot films with low diamond content whereas the CH{sub 4}/O{submore » 2}/H{sub 2} mixture yielded well adhered high quality diamond films.« less
High power high repetition rate VCSEL array side-pumped pulsed blue laser (2013)

High power, kW-class, 808 nm pump modules based on the vertical-cavity surface-emitting laser (VCSEL) technology were developed for side-pumping of solid-state lasers. Two 1.2 kW VCSEL pump modules were implemented in a dual side-pumped Q-switched Nd:YAG laser operating at 946 nm. The laser output was frequency doubled in a BBO crystal to produce pulsed blue light. With 125 μs pump pulses at a 300 Hz repetition rate 6.1 W QCW 946 nm laser power was produced. The laser power was limited by thermal lensing in the Nd:YAG rod.
Liquid sampling-atmospheric pressure glow discharge (LS-APGD) microplasmas for diverse spectrochemical analysis applications (2017)

The liquid sampling-atmospheric pressure glow discharge (LS-APGD) microplasma provides great diversity in sampling strategies and analytical information content.
The cytoplasmic domain of FcγRIIA (CD32) participates in phagolysosome formation (2001)

Signaling motifs located within the cytoplasmic domain of certain receptors contribute to lysosome fusion. Most studies have described lysosome fusion with respect to endocytic receptors. Phagolysosome fusion has not been extensively studied. To test the hypothesis that the tail of FcgammaRIIA participates in phagolysosomal fusion, a "reverse" genetic complementation system was used. It was previously shown that complement receptor type 3 (CR3) can rescue the phagocytic activity of a mutant FcgammaRIIA lacking its cytoplasmic domain (tail-minus form). This system has allowed us to study Fcgamma receptor-dependent phagocytosis and phagolysosome fusion in the presence and absence of the cytoplasmic domain of FcgammaRIIA. Fluorescent dextran was used to label lysosomes. After target internalization, wild-type FcgammaRIIA-mediated phagolysosome formation was observed as indicated by colocalization of fluorescent dextran and the phagosome. In addition, when studying mutants of FcgammaRIIA containing a full-length cytoplasmic tail with the 2 ITAM tyrosines mutated to phenylalanine, (1) phagocytosis was abolished, (2) CR3 restored phagocytosis, and (3) lysosomal fusion was similar to that observed with the wild-type receptor. In contrast, in the presence of CR3 and the tail-minus form of FcgammaRIIA, internalized particles did not colocalize with dextran. Electron microscopy revealed that the lysosomal enzyme acid phosphatase colocalized with immunoglobulin G-coated targets internalized by wild-type FcgammaRIIA but not by tail-minus FcgammaRIIA and CR3. Thus, the tail of FcgammaRIIA contributes to phagolysosome fusion by a mechanism that does not require a functional ITAM sequence.
Adaptive on-line modeling technique for active noise control systems (1990)

Active noise control (ANC) systems are required to model direct and acoustic feedback paths as well as the error path on an on-line basis. In this paper a new adaptive on-line error-path modeling technique is presented. An adaptive IIR filter using SHARF algorithm is used to generate the canceling signal. The error path is modeled by a LMS adaptive filter. This new modeling technique uses the canceling signal to train an adaptive model that is placed in parallel with the error path. This process is performed only when certain conditions are satisfied in order to avoid undesired undulations. The modeling process technique differs from two other methods. Ericksson et al. [ U.S. Patent number 4,677,676, 30 June 1987] used an additional auxiliary low level, uncorrelated noise for training processes. Warnaka et al. [U.S. Patent number 4,473,906, 25 September 1984] used the canceling signal for modeling, but the plant being continuously modeled is not really the error path. Comparative performance and real-time testing results show that this new technique is suitable for active noise control systems.
Hydrophobic moments of tertiary protein structures (2003)

The helical hydrophobic moment is a measure of the amphiphilicity of a segment of protein secondary structure. Such measure yields information of potential relevance for issues relating to cell surface binding and secondary structure function. The present article describes a global analog of the helical hydrophobic moment. The global moment provides a concise measure of the degree and direction of the amphiphilicity or hydrophobic imbalance across the entire protein tertiary structure. Therefore, this measure is a succinct representation of the spatial organization of residue hydrophobicity for each protein. With this measure, a simple comparison of the hydrophobic imbalance or segregation of different protein structures can be made. For example, two structures having the same fold and close in root-mean-square deviation may exhibit very different overall hydrophobic organization. Such difference is classified simply by the global moment. Furthermore, the direction of the global moment may point to regions of functional interest. Certain formal issues in the development of such moment are described, and a number of applications to particular protein structures are discussed.
Enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay of <i>Escherichia coli</i> O157:H7 in surface enhanced poly(methyl methacrylate) microchannels (2007)

A novel surface treatment method was developed to enhance polymer-based microchannel enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for Escherichia coli O157:H7 detection. By applying an amine-bearing polymer, poly(ethyleneimine) (PEI), onto poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) surface at pH higher than 11, PEI molecules were covalently attached and their amine groups were introduced to PMMA surface. Zeta potential analysis and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) demonstrated that the alkali condition is preferable for PEI attachment onto the PMMA surface. The amine groups on the PMMA surface were then functionalized with glutaraldehyde, whose aldehyde groups served as the active sites for binding the antibody by forming covalent bonds with the amine groups of the protein molecules. This surface modification greatly improved antibody binding efficiency and the microchannel ELISA for E. coli O157:H7 detection. Compared with untreated PMMA microchannels, approximately 45 times higher signal and 3 times higher signal/noise ratio were achieved with the PEI surface treatment, which also shortened the time required for cells to bind to the microchannel surface to approximately 2 min, much less than that usually required for the same ELISA carried out in 96-well plates. The detection in the microchannel ELISA only required 5-8 cells per sample, which is also better than 15-30 cells required in multi-well plates. With the high sensitivity, short assay time, and small reagent consumption, the microchannel ELISA can be economically used for fast detection of E. coli O157:H7.
A Versatile ‘Click Chemistry’ Route to Size‐Restricted, Robust, and Functionalizable Hydrophilic Nanocrystals (2014)

A versatile addition-crosslinking route is developed to transfer various hydrophobic nanocrystals into water. By assembling amphiphilic ligands and then crosslinking through 'click chemistry', a monolayer of polymer forms on the nanocrystal surface, leading to excellent stability and limited increase in hydrodynamic diameter. These nanocrystals can also be further functionalized easily for various applications such as catalysis, bioimaging, and medical therapy.
Laser microsurgical repair of soft tissue: a demonstration of surgical techniques (1984)

New experimental laser microsurgical procedures that utilize laser energy to heat denture tissue components for use as a biological glue or seal are described. Properties of the Nd:YAG, argon, and CO2 lasers are compared. Factors concerning choice of laser mode, wavelength, power level, time exposure, and spot size critical for laser tissue welding are discussed. Histological sections of the human (in vitro studies) and animal (in vivo studies) are examined.
A Fully Integrated Galvanically Isolated DC-DC Converter With Data Communication (2017)

This paper presents a fully integrated galvanically isolated dc-dc converter with data communication. The converter, which is fabricated in a 0.35-μm BCD technology, is made up of only two silicon dice and adopts two 6-kV on-chip transformers. It takes advantage of a customized architecture, which uses the isolated power control link to transfer bidirectional half-duplex data, thus reducing the overall silicon area and package size. The proposed dc-dc converter delivers up to 93-mW output power with 19% maximum power efficiency and an output voltage ranging from 2.4 V to 3.3 V, while achieving a data rate up to 50 Mb/s.
Abstract P6-09-05: Value of adding single-nucleotide polymorphism panel markers to phenotypic algorithms of breast cancer risk (2015)

Abstract Currently, breast cancer risk prediction algorithms incorporate phenotypic risk factors, including age, family history, reproductive history and benign breast disease. Since 2007, genome-wide association studies have identified a growing number of single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) that are associated with an increased risk of breast cancer. While no single SNP is very informative on its own, a polygenic approach to genetic screening could improve estimates of individual risk, creating the possibility of screening strategies individually tailored to each woman. We studied cases and controls recruited to the Australian Breast Cancer Family Registry, to investigate whether a SNP risk score derived from a panel of 77 SNPs can improve risk estimates obtained from the commonly used breast cancer risk prediction models (BCRAT, IBIS, BRCAPRO and BOADICEA). SNP risk scores were calculated using previously published Odds Ratios (ORs) and risk-allele frequencies based on the assumption of independence of additive risks on the log OR scale. SNP risk scores were calculated by multiplying adjusted risk scores for each of the SNPs. Combined risk scores were calculated by multiplying the SNP risk score and the algorithm derived risk scores, under the assumption of independence. Overall, the inclusion of data on 77 SNPs improved the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) for all of the breast cancer risk prediction models: Preliminary data analysis provided AUC values as follows: BCRAT+SNP = 0.656, IBIS+SNP= 0.628, BRCAPRO+SNP= 0.689, BOADICEA+SNP= 0.698. The breast cancer risk prediction models examined place different weighting on the phenotypic components. For example, the IBIS model is weighted towards uncommon high-risk phenotypes, while the BCRAT is weighted towards lower risks in the general population. A combination of the 77 SNP score and the most appropriate model might substantially improve the ability to identify high-risk women in different screening populations. Citation Format: Gillian Dite, Richard Allman, John L Hopper. Value of adding single-nucleotide polymorphism panel markers to phenotypic algorithms of breast cancer risk [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the Thirty-Seventh Annual CTRC-AACR San Antonio Breast Cancer Symposium: 2014 Dec 9-13; San Antonio, TX. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2015;75(9 Suppl):Abstract nr P6-09-05.
Damage to Cu - Pb Bearing for Diesel Engines and Causes Thereof (1987)

<div class="htmlview paragraph">Cu-Pb alloy bearings were collected from diesel engines actually operated in the United States and Japan, and a study was made of the damage to bearing overlays and linings. Results indicated exposure of compound layers produced by the diffusion of overlay components due to the complete removal of overlay from large segments of the bearing inner surface. There were many bearings in which the Pb had been last from the Cu-Pb alloy. Based on the above results, experiments were conducted in which a tester was used to recreate the damage conditions of the overlay and the lining. Then, based on observation and the results of regenerative tests, it was concluded that high temperatures and lubricating oil used over a long period had a great impact on damage.</div>