gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A parallel FDTD algorithm using the MPI library (2001)

In this paper, we describe the essential elements of a parallel algorithm for the FDTD method using the MPI (message passing interface) library. To simplify and accelerate the algorithm, an MPI Cartesian 2D topology is used. The inter-process communications are optimized by the use of derived data types. A general approach is also explained for parallelizing the auxiliary tools, such as far-field computation, thin-wire treatment, etc. For PMLs, we have used a new method that makes it unnecessary to split the field components. This considerably simplifies the computer programming, and is compatible with the parallel algorithm.
Designs for ultra-high efficiency grid-connected power conversion (2011)

Grid connected power conversion is an absolutely critical component of many established and developing industries, such as information technology, telecommunications, renewable power generation (e.g. photovoltaic and wind), even down to consumer electronics. There is an ever present demand to reduce the volume and cost, while increasing converter efficiency and performance. Reducing the losses associated with energy conversion to and from the grid can be accomplished through the use of new circuit topologies, enhanced control meth-ods, and optimized energy storage. The thesis outlines the development of foundational methods and architectures for improving the efficiency of these converters, and allowing the improvements to be scaled with future advances in semiconductor and passive component technologies. The work is presented in application to module integrated converters (MICs), often called micro-inverters. These converters have been under rapid development for single-phase grid-tied photovoltaic applications. The capacitive energy storage implementation for the double-line-frequency power variation represents a differentiating factor among existing designs,
Aerodynamic Performance of Extended Formation Flight (2011)

The aerodynamic benefits of formation flight have been known for nearly a century. However, these benefits have yet to be realized in a commercial environment in part due to the hazards associated with close formation flight. This paper explores amorepractical approach to formationflight called extended formationflight,which takes advantage of the persistence of cruise wakes and extends the streamwise spacing between the aircraft by at least 10 spans. Induced-drag savings are estimated in an incompressible analysis considering the effects of wake rollup, vortex decay, vortex instabilities, vortex motion, atmospheric turbulence and stratification, and stochastic behavior. Extended formations are found to be unpractical for streamwise spacings larger than about 40 spans between each aircraft. For spacings around 10 to 40 spans, with low to moderately low atmospheric turbulence, a two-aircraft formation has a maximum induced-drag reduction of 30 3%, while a three-aircraft formation has a maximum induced-drag reduction of 40 6%. At these distances, aircraft tracking error is themost significant contribution to the variation in drag savings. Studies of transonic effects, ride quality concerns, and control and sensing strategies are necessary to further evaluate the potential of extended formation flight.
Perpendicular Spin Torque in Magnetic Tunnel Junctions (2010)

A steady-state electrical current flowing in a magnetic heterostructure can exert a torque on the magnetization, and provides a means to control magnetization states and dynamics in spintronics structures. However, some components of the torque are difficult to measure and to calculate. We have determined the perpendicular spin torque in MgO magnetic tunnel junctions by measuring their lowest ferromagnetic resonance frequency and find that it decreases linearly with increasing bias voltage. Micromagnetic modeling shows that this decrease is caused by the perpendicular component of spin torque. We obtain a quantitative value for the perpendicular spin torque effective field as a function of bias voltage, and show that this effective field is a linear function in bias voltage and approximately equal in magnitude to the in-plane spin torque effective field.
BRUSHING UP ON WEED CONTROL (2000)

Railroads have always had to deal with clearing weeds and brush from yards, ballast and rights of way. As technology and business practices evolve, railroads have an increasing number of clearing options, ranging from spray trains to off-track buckets and chippers to hi-rail boom-mountable mower heads with variations of each. This article discusses the ways contractors, manufacturers and railroads team up to manage weeds and brush while taking advantage of the technological advances.
Sex determination in dioecious plants <i>Melandrium album</i> and <i>M. rubrum</i> using high‐resolution flow cytometry (1995)

Abstract High‐resolution flow cytometry was used to analyze nuclear DNA content in dioecious plants Melandrium album and M. rubrum . Very low coefficients of variation (0.53–0.70%) of G 0/1 peaks were obtained after the analysis of nuclei isolated by chopping leaf tissues. In both species, females have lower DNA content than males due to sex chromosome heteromorphism. This made it possible to discriminate peaks belonging to female and male nuclei on the same histogram and permitted unambiguous sex identification in both species. The results indicated the possibility of diagnosing sex also in other heterogametic dioecious plants. The assay described here might be interesting in any area where rapid sex identification is required at an early stage of plant development. © 1995 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
IQA: Visual Question Answering in Interactive Environments (2018)

We introduce Interactive Question Answering (IQA), the task of answering questions that require an autonomous agent to interact with a dynamic visual environment. IQA presents the agent with a scene and a question, like: "Are there any apples in the fridge?" The agent must navigate around the scene, acquire visual understanding of scene elements, interact with objects (e.g. open refrigerators) and plan for a series of actions conditioned on the question. Popular reinforcement learning approaches with a single controller perform poorly on IQA owing to the large and diverse state space. We propose the Hierarchical Interactive Memory Network (HIMN), consisting of a factorized set of controllers, allowing the system to operate at multiple levels of temporal abstraction. To evaluate HIMN, we introduce IQUAD V1, a new dataset built upon AI2-THOR [35], a simulated photo-realistic environment of configurable indoor scenes with interactive objects. IQUAD V1 has 75,000 questions, each paired with a unique scene configuration. Our experiments show that our proposed model outperforms popular single controller based methods on IQUAD V1. For sample questions and results, please view our video: https://youtu.be/pXd3C-1jr98.
Activation of transcription enforces the formation of distinct nuclear bodies in zebrafish embryos (2016)

Nuclear bodies are cellular compartments that lack lipid bilayers and harbor specific RNAs and proteins. Recent proposals that nuclear bodies form through liquid-liquid phase separation leave the question of how different nuclear bodies maintain their distinct identities unanswered. Here we investigate Cajal bodies (CBs), histone locus bodies (HLBs) and nucleoli - involved in assembly of the splicing machinery, histone mRNA 3' end processing, and rRNA processing, respectively - in the embryos of the zebrafish, Danio rerio. We take advantage of the transcriptional silence of the 1-cell embryo and follow nuclear body appearance as zygotic transcription becomes activated. CBs are present from fertilization onwards, while HLB and nucleolar components formed foci several hours later when histone genes and rDNA became active. HLB formation was blocked by transcription inhibition, suggesting nascent histone transcripts recruit HLB components like U7 snRNP. Surprisingly, we found that U7 base-pairing with nascent histone transcripts was not required for localization to HLBs. Rather, the type of Sm ring assembled on U7 determined its targeting to HLBs or CBs; the spliceosomal Sm ring targeted snRNAs to CBs while the specialized U7 Sm-ring localized to HLBs, demonstrating the contribution of protein constituents to the distinction among nuclear bodies. Thus, nucleolar, HLB, and CB components can mix in early embryogenesis when transcription is naturally or artificially silenced. These data support a model in which transcription of specific gene loci nucleates nuclear body components with high specificity and fidelity to perform distinct regulatory functions.
Advances in drug therapy for mitochondrial diseases (2020)

Mitochondrial diseases are a group of clinically and genetically heterogeneous disorders driven by oxidative phosphorylation dysfunction of the mitochondrial respiratory chain which due to pathogenic mutations of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) or nuclear DNA (nDNA). Recent progress in molecular genetics and biochemical methodologies has provided a better understanding of the etiology and pathogenesis of mitochondrial diseases, and this has expanded the clinical spectrum of this conditions. But the treatment of mitochondrial diseases is largely symptomatic and thus does not significantly change the course of the disease. Few clinical trials have led to the design of drugs aiming at enhancing mitochondrial function or reversing the consequences of mitochondrial dysfunction which are now used in the clinical treatment of mitochondrial diseases. Several other drugs are currently being evaluated for clinical management of patients with mitochondrial diseases. In this review, the current status of treatments for mitochondrial diseases is described systematically, and newer potential treatment strategies for mitochondrial diseases are also discussed.
TabletInVR (2019)

Complex virtual reality (VR) tasks, like 3D solid modelling, are challenging with standard input controllers. We propose exploiting the affordances and input capabilities when using a 3D-tracked multi-touch tablet in an immersive VR environment. Observations gained during semi-structured interviews with general users, and those experienced with 3D software, are used to define a set of design dimensions and guidelines. These are used to develop a vocabulary of interaction techniques to demonstrate how a tablet's precise touch input capability, physical shape, metaphorical associations, and natural compatibility with barehand mid-air input can be used in VR. For example, transforming objects with touch input, "cutting" objects by using the tablet as a physical "knife", navigating in 3D by using the tablet as a viewport, and triggering commands by interleaving bare-hand input around the tablet. Key aspects of the vocabulary are evaluated with users, with results validating the approach.
Nanoparticle metrology in sol-gels using multiphoton excited fluorescence (2001)

We have developed a method of measuring the growth of nanoparticles during sol-gel glass formation based on labelling the particle with a fluorescent dye and determining the multiphoton excited decay of fluorescence anisotropy due to Brownian rotation. Multiphoton excitation is shown to give a higher dynamic range of measurement than one-photon excitation. We illustrate the sub-nanometre resolution and stability of our approach by detecting a 0.8-1.1 nm silica particle hydrodynamic mean radius increase in a tetramethylorthosilicate sol at pH 2.3 labelled with rhodamine 6G and observed over ≈4 weeks and also with a stable silica colloid of radius 6 nm, pH 8.9, labelled with a 6-methoxyquinoline-type dye.
Advanced parts orientation system has wide application (1988)

Engineers at Sony have developed a system for small‐lot automated assembly of a wide range of parts.
Efficacy of mupirocin in methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus burn wound infection (1989)

Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus strains (MRSA) have become increasingly prevalent as nosocomial pathogens, especially in burn wounds. MRSA constituted 38% of all S. aureus isolates in our 25-bed burns unit despite the utilization of a combination of 1% silver sulfadiazine and 0.2% chlorhexidine as topical therapy. Mupirocin, a new antibiotic, has proved in vitro and in vivo to be highly effective in the treatment of MRSA infections. A prospective clinical trial with mupirocin ointment in MRSA burn wound infection was untertaken. Forty-five children with 59 discrete burn wounds and from whom MRSA were isolated were treated with 2% mupirocin ointment under occlusive dressings, applied twice daily for 5 days. The average burned area treated was 8% (range, 2 to 20%) of the total body surface area. The burn wounds were assessed clinically and bacteriologically daily. Mupirocin eliminated MRSA in all 59 wounds treated, with the maximum therapeutic response seen within 4 days. In three wounds, gram-negative organisms persisted after 5 days of topical therapy. Treatment was well tolerated by all children. We recommend that mupirocin in its present polyethylene glycol base should be used only on a selective basis, when current prophylactic topical therapy has failed to control MRSA infection in burns of less than 20% of the total body surface area, and that it should be applied only for a limited period of 5 days. The safety and the efficacy of mupirocin in burns exceeding 20% of the total body surface area need to be established.
DNA characterization of the spirochete that causes Lyme disease (1984)

Lyme disease, a tick-borne disease long recognized in Europe but only recently recognized in the United States, was shown in 1982-1983 to be caused by a spirochete, the Lyme disease spirochete. Whether one or more species of the spirochete exists is unknown, as is its taxonomic status. To answer these questions, we determined (i) the DNA base (guanidine-plus-cytosine) content for five strains; (ii) the DNA relatedness of 10 strains from Europe or the United States (isolated from ticks, humans, and a mouse) by DNA hybridization (hydroxyapatite assay at 50 and 65 degrees C); and (iii) the DNA relatedness to other pathogenic spirochetes. The guanine-plus-cytosine content of the Lyme disease spirochete strains was 27.5 to 29.0 mol%, most similar to those of Borrelia hermsii (30.6 mol%) and Treponema hyodysenteriae (25.6 mol%) among the other spirochetes tested. DNA hybridization studies with 32P-labeled DNA from Lyme disease spirochete strain TLO-005, a human blood isolate, revealed divergence (unpaired bases) within related nucleotide sequences of only 0.0 to 1.0% for all nine Lyme disease spirochete strains tested for relatedness to TLO-005. Relatedness values of seven strains to TLO-005 were 58 to 98% (mean, 71%) in 50 degrees C reactions and 50 to 93% (mean, 69%) in 65 degrees C reactions. Two other strains, from which very low yields of DNA were obtained, showed less relatedness (36 to 50 degrees C, 38 to 47% at 65 degrees C). These were nonetheless considered to belong to the same species because of the low amount of divergence in the sequences related to TLO-005 and the absence of decreased relatedness in reactions done at 65 degrees Celsius compared with those done at 50 degrees Celsius. DNA from strain TLO-005 showed relatedness of 1% to DNAs of two leptospires and 16% relatedness to DNA from T. hyodysenteriae. B. hermsii DNA was 30 to 40% related to three Lyme disease spirochete strains in 50 degrees Celsius reactions. Divergence in these reactions was 16.5 to 18.5%, and relatedness in 65 degree Celsius reactions was 8 to 10%. On the bases of phenotypic similarity, guanine-plus-cytosine content, and DNA relatedness to B. hermsii, we conclude the Lyme disease spirochete is single previously undescribed species which belongs in the genus Borrelia.
Management of chronic posttraumatic headache: a multidisciplinary approach. (2009)

Although the definitions and possible treatments of posttraumatic headache have been discussed in the literature, treatment of this condition is not standardized. In addition, though various reviews and case studies have supported the use of spinal manipulation in the treatment of tension-type headaches and migraines, few describe the use of osteopathic manipulative treatment for patients with posttraumatic headache. In describing a 38-year-old woman with posttraumatic headache, we illustrate a multidisciplinary approach-including the use of osteopathic principles and practice-to treating patients with posttraumatic headache.
One Day in June, 1994: A Study of the Working of Reuters 2000-2 Electronic Foreign Exchange Trading System (1995)

The paper utilized foreign exchange data (bid, ask and transaction prices and quantities) collected from the screen of the electronic broking system (Reuter D2000-2) on June 16, 1993. The bid and ask quotes, which are `firm' in this data set, are compared with the Reuters FXFX page, which reports only indicative bid and ask prices. A caution is necessary due to its small samples (7 hours). The paper finds that although the bid-ask mean of indicative quotes is similar to that of `firm' quotes, the behavior of bid-ask spread and the frequency of quote entry are quite different in the two kinds of quotes. The bid-ask spreads in the broking system are much more time- variant and dependent on the frequency of trade, while the indicative bid-ask spreads tend to cluster at round numbers.
Improvement of ballistocardiogram processing by inclusion of respiration information (2008)

In this paper a novel methodology for processing of a ballistocardiogram (BCG) is proposed in which the respiration signal is utilized to improve the averaging of the BCG signal and ultimately the annotation and interpretation of the signal. Previous research works filtered out the respiration signal while the novelty of the current research is that, rather than removing the respiration effect from the signal, we utilize the respiration information to improve the averaging and thus analysis and interpretation of the BCG signal in diagnosis of cardiac malfunctions. This methodology is based on our investigation that BCG cycles corresponding to the inspiration and expiration phases of the respiration cycle are different in morphology. BCG cycles corresponding to the expiration phase of respiration have been proved to be more closely related to each other when compared to cycles corresponding to inspiration, and therefore expiration cycles are better candidates to be selected for the calculation of the averaged BCG signal. The new BCG average calculated based on this methodology is then considered as the representative and a template of the BCG signal for further processing. This template can be considered as the output of a clinical BCG instrument with higher reliability and accuracy compared to the previous processing methods.
Robust Facial Landmark Detection via Occlusion-Adaptive Deep Networks (2019)

In this paper, we present a simple and effective framework called Occlusion-adaptive Deep Networks (ODN) with the purpose of solving the occlusion problem for facial landmark detection. In this model, the occlusion probability of each position in high-level features are inferred by a distillation module that can be learnt automatically in the process of estimating the relationship between facial appearance and facial shape. The occlusion probability serves as the adaptive weight on high-level features to reduce the impact of occlusion and obtain clean feature representation. Nevertheless, the clean feature representation cannot represent the holistic face due to the missing semantic features. To obtain exhaustive and complete feature representation, it is vital that we leverage a low-rank learning module to recover lost features. Considering that facial geometric characteristics are conducive to the low-rank module to recover lost features, we propose a geometry-aware module to excavate geometric relationships between different facial components. Depending on the synergistic effect of three modules, the proposed network achieves better performance in comparison to state-of-the-art methods on challenging benchmark datasets.
A miniature v-band 3-stage cascode lna in 0.13μm cmos (2006)

A miniature V-band (50 to 75GHz) 3-stage cascode CMOS LNA implemented in 0.13μm bulk CMOS technology exhibits better than 20dB measured gain from 51 to 57.5GHz in 0.46mm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> die size. The minimum NF is 7.1dB at 56.8GHz. The P <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">1dB</sub> is -22dBm, the IIP3 is -12dBm, and the total current is 33mA
Improving the execution of groups of simulations on a cluster of workstations and its application to storage area networks (2002)

Parallel simulation methods can be used to reduce the execution time of simulations of complex systems. This approach is being used to improve the execution time of a storage area network (SAN) simulator designed in our department. From our experience in planning simulation experiments, we have realized that, in most cases, a simulation experiment (group of simulations) is executed while varying only one input variable, which usually corresponds to the input, workload or a configuration model parameter. We propose two methods to reduce the overall execution time of a simulation experiment using a cluster of workstations. The first method uses the first simulation in order to tune the rest of the remaining work to be done in the experiment. The second method, based in the first one, tries to minimize the negative influence of the initial transient period by chaining the simulations in the experiment. We show that these two methods noticeably decrease the overall execution time needed to run the simulations that compose the experiment.
Spatiotemporally modulated antennas (2015)

Antennas are the basic tool we use to bridge structural modes into free-space radiation. The properties of an antenna depend on its geometry, materials, and electric size, as well as on its environment. These are the degrees of freedom that one typically has in an antenna design, which determine its characteristics such as directivity, gain, input impedance, radiation efficiency etc. However, one may ask what about the time variable? Can it be used as an additional degree of freedom, namely, would it be possible to increase the variety of properties of a given antenna by modulating its materials, or by loading its terminals by a time dependent resonant tanks?
Ribosome-messenger recognition: mRNA target sites for ribosomal protein S1 (1991)

Ribosomal protein S1 is known to play an important role in translational initiation, being directly involved in recognition and binding of mRNAs by 30S ribosomal particles. Using a specially developed procedure based on efficient crosslinking of S1 to mRNA induced by UV irradiation, we have identified S1 binding sites on several phage RNAs in preinitiation complexes. Targets for S1 on Q beta and fr RNAs are localized upstream from the coat protein gene and contain oligo(U)-sequences. In the case of Q beta RNA, this S1 binding site overlaps the S-site for Q beta replicase and the site for S1 binding within a binary complex. It is reasonable that similar U-rich sequences represent S1 binding sites on bacterial mRNAs. To test this idea we have used E. coli ssb mRNA prepared in vitro with the T7 promoter/RNA polymerase system. By the methods of toeprinting, enzymatic footprinting, and UV crosslinking we have shown that binding of the ssb mRNA to 30S ribosomes is S1-dependent. The oligo(U)-sequence preceding the SD domain was found to be the target for S1. We propose that S1 binding sites, represented by pyrimidine-rich sequences upstream from the SD region, serve as determinants involved in recognition of mRNA by the ribosome.