gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A new serial search acquisition approach with automatic decision threshold control (2002)

A new approach to pseudo noise (PN) code acquisition for a code division multiple access (CDMA) direct sequence spread spectrum system is presented and analyzed. The new approach adaptively estimates the optimal threshold by exploiting the signal and noise statistics, uses the threshold to make a decision to stop or to continue the search process by employing pre-verification logic, and obtains fast acquisition. The paper also develops the mean acquisition time of the new algorithm and illustrates the optimum system parameter design methodology through a performance analysis. The considerable advantage of this approach compared to conventional approaches is demonstrated. By combining the maximum likelihood approach with a serial search approach, a faster acquisition is achieved. The new acquisition system uses, in each dwell, an adaptive signal detection threshold for signal detection and an adaptive signal classification threshold for classifying a signal versus noise.
TORC (2019)

Recent hand-held controllers have explored a variety of haptic feedback sensations for users in virtual reality by producing both kinesthetic and cutaneous feedback from virtual objects. These controllers are grounded to the user's hand and can only manipulate objects through arm and wrist motions, not using the dexterity of their fingers as they would in real life. In this paper, we present TORC, a rigid haptic controller that renders virtual object characteristics and behaviors such as texture and compliance. Users hold and squeeze TORC using their thumb and two fingers and interact with virtual objects by sliding their thumb on TORC's trackpad. During the interaction, vibrotactile motors produce sensations to each finger that represent the haptic feel of squeezing, shearing or turning an object. Our evaluation showed that using TORC, participants could manipulate virtual objects more precisely (e.g., position and rotate objects in 3D) than when using a conventional VR controller.
Studies on the use of radial jet reattachment nozzles as active heat sinks for electronic component boards (2002)

Thermal management of high power electronic components (chips) with dissipation ratings of over 2-3 W/cm/sup 2/ clearly demands non-traditional means to be successful. Many different approaches have been attempted in the past with varying degrees of success. In the last 8 years radial jet reattachment (RJR) has been proven in the laboratory to be a novel and effective mechanism for high surface heat removal rates with negligible downward force as compared with the commonly-used impinging open jets or in-line-jets. We propose in this report the use of these nozzles, either singly or in a array to cool PCB's from the top or from the bottom. Two typical arrangements for radial nozzle applications are fully discussed here in view of surface pressure and heat transfer characteristics. The discussion is supplemented with experimental work carried out at IIT to provide needed data. Our investigation indicates that high heat transfer rates are indeed achieved using radial nozzles. In general, RJR nozzles produce highest heat transfer rates when placed very close to a surface and for a wider area than for ILJ nozzles, with negligible downward (positive) forces. Typical maximum heat transfer coefficients are for gases, 300-500 W/m/sup 2/-K, and, although the experiments were performed with air, for liquids (no evaporation) the values (based on experimental Stanton numbers) range between 10000 to 50000 W/m/sup 2/-K, depending on the fluid.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Minimum error rate training based on N-best string models (1993)

The authors study issues related to string level acoustic modeling in continuous speech recognition. They derive the formulation of minimum string error rate training. A minimum string error rate training algorithm, segmental minimum string error rate training, is described. It takes a further step in modeling the basic speech recognition units by directly applying discriminative analysis to string level acoustic model matching. One of the advantages of this training algorithm lies in its ability to model strings which are competitive with the correct string but are unseen in the training material. The robustness and acoustic resolution of the unit model set can therefore be significantly improved. Various experimental results have shown that significant error rate reduction can be achieved using this approach.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
A Novel Five-Level Voltage Source Inverter With Sinusoidal Pulse Width Modulator for Medium-Voltage Applications (2015)

This paper proposes a new five-level voltage source inverter for medium-voltage high-power applications. The proposed inverter is based on the upgrade of a four-level nested neutral-point clamped converter. This inverter can operate over a wide range of voltages without the need for connecting power semiconductor in series, has high-quality output voltage and fewer components compared to other classic five-level topologies. The features and operation of the proposed converter are studied and a simple sinusoidal PWM scheme is developed to control and balance the flying capacitors to their desired values. The performance of the proposed converter is evaluated by simulation and experimental results.
An Extremely Low-Power CMOS Glare Sensor (2007)

This paper describes a novel sense-and-respond optical sensor that is used to pinpoint glare in an image and produce a location specific response that can be used to reduce the discomfort or disability caused by the glare source. The sensor is a complimentary metal-oxide-semiconductor (CMOS) "smart" focal plane array (CFPA) chip that has 32times64 pixel resolution. Each pixel has a photodetector and simple signal processing circuitry consisting of a comparator and analog and digital readout. A pixel in the array is activated only when the light impinging on it is above a user-controllable threshold, which allows for extremely low levels of power consumption; the chip consumes approximately 51 muW of power when operating at 200 frames per second (fps) with a single 3 V dc supply. The CFPA has been successfully integrated with the microcontroller and liquid crystal display (LCD) glasses to form portable, lightweight, battery operated glare reduction glasses.
A mAb for the detection of the antiretroviral drug emtricitabine (2022)

Antibody-based testing for emtricitabine (FTC), a critical component of pre-exposure prophylaxis and antiretroviral therapy, would provide low-cost detection for clinical monitoring to improve adherence. We developed a mAb (5D2) to FTC and demonstrated its high specificity and physiologically relevant linear range of detection in a competitive enzyme immunoassay. Thus, this mAb is a key reagent that will enable simple and low-cost lateral flow assays and enzyme immunoassays for adherence monitoring.
Fair Randomized Antenna Allocation in Asynchronous MIMO Multi-Hop Networks (2008)

Previous work has shown that CSMA-based protocols such as the IEEE 802.11 can yield flow starvation in multi-hop wireless networks. While prior protocol designs alleviated such starvation by utilizing MIMO, they require global synchronization to temporally align transmissions and require per-packet distribution of the complete channel state information. In this paper, we experimentally show that MIMO networks based on pre-802.11 n medium access, the state-of-the-art for asynchronous MIMO CSMA, worsen starvation as compared to SISO networks. Consequently, we design an asynchronous MIMO MAC protocol that counters starvation. We show that randomized and non-greedy antenna allocation coupled with local residual capacity estimation results in previously-starving nodes capturing a fair share of system resources while simultaneously exploiting throughput gains available to multi-antenna systems.
Spectral phase encoding and decoding using fiber Bragg gratings (1999)

We demonstrate a new all-fiber technique for coherent spectral encoding and decoding based on temporal-spectral dispersion and recombination using suitably chirped fiber Bragg gratings. The application potential to optical-code division multiple access telecommunication is discussed.
ChemInform Abstract: Organocatalytic Synthesis of N‐Phenylisoxazolidin‐5‐ones and a One‐Pot Synthesis of β‐Amino Acid Esters. (2008)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Resistive switching memory for high density storage and computing* (2021)

The resistive random access memory (RRAM) has stimulated a variety of promising applications including programmable analog circuit, massive data storage, neuromorphic computing, etc. These new emerging applications have huge demands on high integration density and low power consumption. The cross-point configuration or passive array, which offers the smallest footprint of cell size and feasible capability of multi-layer stacking, has received broad attention from the research community. In such array, correct operation of reading and writing on a cell relies on effective elimination of the sneaking current coming from the neighboring cells. This target requires nonlinear I – V characteristics of the memory cell, which can be realized by either adding separate selector or developing implicit build-in nonlinear cells. The performance of a passive array largely depends on the cell nonlinearity, reliability, on/off ratio, line resistance, thermal coupling, etc. This article provides a comprehensive review on the progress achieved concerning 3D RRAM integration. First, the authors start with a brief overview of the associative problems in passive array and the category of 3D architectures. Next, the state of the arts on the development of various selector devices and self-selective cells are presented. Key parameters that influence the device nonlinearity and current density are outlined according to the corresponding working principles. Then, the reliability issues in 3D array are summarized in terms of uniformity, endurance, retention, and disturbance. Subsequently, scaling issue and thermal crosstalk in 3D memory array are thoroughly discussed, and applications of 3D RRAM beyond storage, such as neuromorphic computing and CMOL circuit are discussed later. Summary and outlooks are given in the final.
The effect of combined carbonation and steam curing on the microstructural evolution and mechanical properties of Portland cement concrete (2021)

The present study investigated the effect of the combined carbonation and steam curing on the physicochemical properties and CO2 uptake of the Portland cement concrete. Four different curing regimes were adopted during the initial 10 h of curing to evaluate the potential of carbonation curing as an alternative to conventional steam curing in the precast concrete industry from environmental and practical viewpoints. Four combinations of carbonation and steam curing conditions were applied as curing regimes to the samples at an early age. The test results indicated that the samples treated with the combined carbonation and steam curing exhibited higher early strength development compared to the other samples, signifying that carbonation curing can reduce the production time of precast concrete. Furthermore, the CO2 uptake capacity of the samples was calculated and found to be as high as 18% with respect to the mass of the paste samples. Hence, the simultaneous utilization of steam and CO2 for the fabrication of precast concrete members has the potential to make precast concrete greener and more costeffective.
Expression in <i>Escherichia coli</i> of Open Reading Frame Gene Segments of HTLV-III (1985)

Human T-cell lymphotropic virus type III (HTLV-III), the causative agent of the acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS), was recently isolated and its genomic structure analyzed by DNA cloning methods. In the studies reported here a combined cloning and expression system was used to identify HTLV-III encoded peptides that react immunologically with antibodies in sera from AIDS patients. Cloned HTLV-III DNA was sheared into approximately 500-base-pair fragments and inserted into an "open reading frame" expression vector, pMR100. The inserted DNA was expressed in Escherichia coli transformants as a polypeptide fused to the lambda CI protein at its amino terminus and to beta-galactosidase at its carboxyl terminus. Sera from AIDS patients containing antibodies to HTLV-III were then used to screen for immunoreactive fusion proteins. Twenty clones, each specifying a fusion protein strongly reactive with AIDS serum, were identified. DNA sequence analysis indicated that the HTLV-III fragments were derived from the open reading frame DNA segments corresponding to the gag and pol gene coding regions and also the large open reading frame region (env-lor) located near the 3' end of the viral genome.
Development of CDX-527: a bispecific antibody combining PD-1 blockade and CD27 costimulation for cancer immunotherapy (2020)

CD27 is a costimulatory molecule that provides a complementary target to the PD-1/PD-L1 checkpoint axis on T cells. Combining a CD27 agonist antibody with PD-1/PD-L1 blockade has shown synergistic antitumor activity in preclinical models, which led to clinical studies of the combination in cancer patients. We theorized that coupling CD27 costimulation with PD-1/PD-L1 blockade in a bispecific antibody (BsAb) may provide greater immune activating properties than combining the individual mAbs due to enhanced CD27 activation by cross-linking through PD-L1 and Fc receptors. To test this approach, we developed CDX-527, a tetravalent PD-L1xCD27 IgG1-scFv BsAb. CDX-527 potently inhibits PD-1 signaling and induces CD27-mediated T cell costimulation through PD-L1 cross-linking. In mixed lymphocyte reaction assays, CDX-527 is more potent than the combination of the parental antibodies, suggesting that cross-linking through both Fc receptors and PD-L1 results in enhanced CD27 agonist activity. CDX-527 was shown to mediate effector function against tumor cells overexpressing either CD27 or PD-L1. In human CD27 transgenic mice, we observed that antigen-specific T cell responses to a vaccine are greatly enhanced with a surrogate PD-L1xCD27 BsAb. Furthermore, the BsAb exhibits greater antitumor activity than the combination of the parental antibodies in a syngeneic lymphoma model. A pilot study of CDX-527 in cynomolgus macaques confirmed a mAb-like pharmacokinetic profile without noted toxicities. These studies demonstrate that CDX-527 effectively combines PD-1 blockade and CD27 costimulation into one molecule that is more potent than combination of the parental antibodies providing the rationale to advance this BsAb toward clinical studies in cancer patients.
1D-4 High Speed Imaging of Bubble Clouds in Pulsed Cavitational Ultrasound Therapy - Histotripsy (2006)

Our investigations have shown that short (les50 musec) high intensity, low duty cycle ultrasound pulses can achieve significant breakdown of tissue structure at a tissue-fluid interface and in bulk soft tissue. We call this technique "histotripsy", and inertial cavitation is its hypothesized mechanism. To understand the physical basis of histotripsy, a high speed camera was used to image hypothesized bubble clouds generated by ultrasound pulses. The results show the following: (1) Ultrasound pulses generated a bubble cloud both at a tissue-water interface and inside a gel used to mimic the bulk soft tissue. This bubble cloud plays an important role in the histotripsy process; (2) An ultrasound pulse of several musec long can generate a bubble cloud lasting for several hundreds of musec; and (3) the intensity threshold to initiate a bubble cloud is lower at a gel-water interface than inside a gel
An inhibitory monoclonal antibody to human cytochrome P450 that specifically binds and inhibits P4502C9II, an allelic variant of P4502C9 having a single amino acid change Arg144 Cys (2000)

A monoclonal antibody (MAb 292-2-3) has been isolated that binds specifically to a single allele of three expressed human cytochrome P4502C9 alleles. The MAb binds to 2C9Cys144 (II), and does not bind to the wild-type 2C9Arg144 (I), or the third allele 2C9Ile-->Leu359 (III) and thus the MAb detects an allele with > 99% homology and differing from the wild-type 2C9Arg144 (I) by a single amino acid. The MAb 292-2-3 does not bind to the other 2C isoforms (2C8, 2C18, 2C19) or the other human cytochrome P450s, 1A1, 1A2, 2A6, 2B6, 2C8, 2D6, 2E1 or 3A4/5. MAb 292-2-3 inhibits the metabolism of tolbutamide, diclofenac and phenanthrene by the target 2C9Cys144 (II) allele by > 90% and does not inhibit the catalytic activity of the wild-type 2C9Arg144 (I), or 2C9Ile-->Leu359 (III) the other 2C isoforms 2C8, 2C18, 2C19, or the other non-2C human P450s listed above. The MAb 292-2-3 is thus a prototype of an ideal and extraordinarily specific reagent for the detection and measurement of the metabolic role of highly related isoforms and polymorphic alleles of human cytochrome P450s. MAbs of high specificity can also determine the amount of phenotypic expression of polymorphic alleles and their metabolic role in drug and non-drug xenobiotic metabolism in heterozygote individuals. The inhibitory MAb might also identify allele-specific substrates of polymorphic human cytochrome P450s.
Estimation of the Aortic Pressure Waveform and Beat-to-Beat Relative Cardiac Output Changes From Multiple Peripheral Artery Pressure Waveforms (2008)

We introduce a patient- and time-specific technique to estimate the clinically more relevant aortic pressure (AP) waveform and beat-to-beat relative changes in cardiac output (CO) from multiple peripheral artery pressure (PAP) waveforms distorted by wave reflections. The basic idea of the technique is to first estimate the AP waveform by applying a new multichannel blind system identification method that we have developed (rather than the conventional generalized transfer function) to the PAP waveforms and then estimate the beat-to-beat proportional CO by fitting a Windkessel model to the estimated waveform in which wave distortion should be attenuated. We present an evaluation of the technique with respect to four swine datasets including simultaneous measurements of two peripheral AP waveforms, a reference AP waveform, and reference aortic flow probe CO during diverse hemodynamic interventions. Our results show an overall AP waveform error of 3.5 mmHg and an overall beat-to-beat CO error of 12.9% (after a single CO calibration in each animal). These estimation errors represent substantial improvements compared to those obtained with several alternative PAP waveform analysis techniques. With further successful testing, the new technique may ultimately be employed for automated and less invasive monitoring of central hemodynamics in various cardiovascular patients.
Leveraging the orthogonality of Zernike modes for robust free-space optical communication (2020)

Abstract Free-space optical communication systems exploit the properties of light beams to transfer information through a free-space link. Indeed such systems provide an exciting alternative for communication. Here we introduce information transfer through free-space using a laser beam having its phase encoded with multiple orthogonal aberration modes. We use Zernike polynomials, which form a complete basis set, to represent the aberration modes. The user information is converted to co-efficients of the Zernike modes which are summed digitally to obtain the resultant phase profile. A single phase modulating device then reads the resultant phase to shape the wavefront of the beam to be transmitted. The receiving station estimates the co-efficients of all modes in the beam from a single measurement of a wavefront sensor, to retrieve the user information. We demonstrate data transfer using multiple modes, each with multiple strengths, and external perturbation compensation using the completeness property of the modes.
Some remarks on surface multiple attenuation (1998)

Abstract The surface multiple attenuation algorithm discussed in this paper is a prestack inversion of a surface-recorded, 2-D wavefield that aims to remove all orders of all surface multiples present within the wavefield. Although the algorithm requires no assumptions or modeling regarding the positions and reflection coefficients of the multiple-causing reflectors, it does require complete internal physical consistency between primary and multiple events—something that exists only in ideal 2-D data sets. In field data sets the physical consistency between primaries and multiples is disturbed by phenomena such as variations in the acquisition wavelet, cable feathering, cross-line dip, a finite near offset, and unequal or too coarse spatial sampling in source and receiver coordinates. Careful survey design can minimize the impact of those phenomena on surface multiple attenuation. If it is not too large, trace extrapolation can solve the finite near-offset problem. Minor adjustments to the algorithm allow processing of data for which the source and receiver intervals differ by an integer multiple, although for those and other acquisition geometries, trace interpolation may be preferred. In the f-x domain, surface multiple attenuation can be formulated as an equation whose straightforward solution involves the inversion of a large matrix that is a function of the acquisition wavelet. Since that wavelet is generally unknown, solving this matrix equation becomes an optimization problem. Many matrix inversions are needed to estimate the acquisition wavelet that leads to the best multiple suppression, rendering the straightforward solution to the surface multiple attenuation equation quite costly. We offer two alternative approaches. In our first approach we compute an eigenvalue decomposition of the large matrix, allowing the equation to be recast so that the wavelet dependency appears in a diagonal matrix for which repetitive inversion is trivial. In our second approach we begin by using the surface multiple attenuation algorithm with a fixed, approximately correct wavelet to compute the surface multiple wavefield. We then filter the predicted multiples adaptively to match the actual multiples in the original wavefield and subtract these filtered multiples from the original wavefield. The second approach is relatively inexpensive and to some extent can cope with physical inconsistencies between primaries and multiples caused by field data set imperfections.