gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Development of Moisture Loss Models in Steam Turbines (2011)

This paper describes physics-based moisture loss models for designing wet-steam turbines. Steam turbines in wet-steam conditions experience thermodynamic and mechanical losses caused by the presence of moisture. The developed moisture loss models are composed of six categories : supersaturation loss, condensation loss, accelerating loss, braking loss, capturing loss and pumping loss. These losses are calculated according to the wetness levels in the nozzle & bucket rows, and defined by the functions of steam properties and design factors of turbine stages. The supersaturation loss produced by the non-equilibrium expansion of the wet steam is modeled using the pressure ratio and the isentropic exponent in the supersaturated steam. The loss models are applied to the full-size test turbine data for the prediction of the overall moisture losses. As a result, the developed loss models are found to be very effective for estimating the moisture losses of turbine stages.
Purified cytosolic crystals from <i>Bacillus thuringiensis</i> as a novel active pharmaceutical ingredient (API) (2022)

ABSTRACT Bacillus thuringiensis or Bt is a Gram-positive soil bacterium, widely and safely applied in the environment as an insecticide for combatting insect pests that damage crops and vector diseases. Dominant active ingredients made by Bt are insect-killing crystal (Cry) proteins released as crystalline inclusions upon bacterial sporulation. Some Bt Cry proteins, e . g ., Cry5B, target nematodes (roundworms) and show exceptional promise as anthelmintics (cures for parasitic nematode diseases). We have recently described IBaCC (for I nactivated Ba cteria with C ytosolic C rystal(s)) in which bioactive Bt Cry crystals (containing Cry5B) are fully contained within the cytosol of dead bacterial ghosts. Here we demonstrate that these IBaCC-trapped Cry5B crystals can be liberated and purified away from cellular constituents yielding P urified C ytosolic C rystals (PCC). Cry5B PCC contains ∼95% Cry5B protein out of the total protein content. Cry5B PCC is highly bioactive against parasitic nematode larvae and adults in vitro . Cry5B PCC is also highly active in vivo against experimental human hookworm and Ascaris infections in rodents. The process was scaled up to the 100 liter scale to produce PCC for a pilot study to treat two foals infected with the Ascarid, Parascaris spp. Single dose Cry5B PCC brought the fecal egg counts of both foals to zero. These studies describe the process for the scalable production of purified Bt crystals and define a new active pharmaceutical ingredient form of Bt Cry proteins. NON-TECHNICAL IMPORTANCE PARAGRAPH Bacillus thuringiensis crystal proteins are widely and safely used as insecticides. Recent studies show they also can cure gastrointestinal parasitic worm (nematode) infections when ingested. However, reproducible, scalable, and practical techniques for purifying these proteins have been lacking. Here, we address this severe limitation and present scalable and practical methods for large-scale purification of potently bioactive B. thuringiensis crystals and crystal proteins. The resultant product, called Purified Cytosolic Crystals (PCC), is highly compatible with ingestible drug delivery and formulation. Furthermore, there are growing applications in agriculture and insect control where access to large quantities of purified crystal proteins are desirable and where these methods will find great utility.
Query by image and video content: the QBIC system (1995)

Research on ways to extend and improve query methods for image databases is widespread. We have developed the QBIC (Query by Image Content) system to explore content-based retrieval methods. QBIC allows queries on large image and video databases based on example images, user-constructed sketches and drawings, selected color and texture patterns, camera and object motion, and other graphical information. Two key properties of QBIC are (1) its use of image and video content-computable properties of color, texture, shape and motion of images, videos and their objects-in the queries, and (2) its graphical query language, in which queries are posed by drawing, selecting and other graphical means. This article describes the QBIC system and demonstrates its query capabilities. QBIC technology is part of several IBM products.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Salivary Protein Glycosylation as a Noninvasive Biomarker for Assessment of Glycemia (2014)

Assessment of short-term glycemic control can facilitate monitoring of diabetes development in at-risk individuals and monitoring response to lifestyle modification or medication. We evaluated salivary protein glycosylation levels as a novel, noninvasive, short-term glycemic index in comparison to hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c), fructosamine, 1,5-anhydroglucitol (1,5-AG), and continuous glucose monitoring (CGM). Ten subjects with type 2 diabetes were monitored by CGM and saliva and blood were collected at baseline and days 1, 7, 14, 21, and 28 for determination of salivary protein glycosylation, serum fructosamine, and serum 1,5-anhydroglucitol (1,5-AG) levels, as well as HbA1c (baseline and day 28). Weekly, 14-day, 21-day, and 28-day summary blood glucose measures from CGM were computed and matched to the time of each study visit. Salivary protein glycosylation exhibited a moderate correlation with fructosamine (r = .65) and 1,5-AG (r = -.48) at baseline, and weak correlation with HbA1c (r = .3). Salivary protein glycosylation exhibited a stronger correlation than fructosamine and 1,5-AG with 7-, 14-, and 21-day average BG (r = .84, .84, and .69, respectively, vs -.37, -.28, and .00 [fructosamine] and .00, -.21, and -.57 [1,5-AG]), maximum BG (r = .79, .76, and .53 vs -.09, -.21, and -.05 [fructosamine] and -.32, -.27, and -.52 [1,5-AG]), and percentage of time over 140 mg/dL (r = .87, .79, and .59 vs -.26, -.32, and .07 [fructosamine] and -.04, -.10, and -.50 [1,5-AG]). Salivary protein glycosylation represents a promising noninvasive technology for monitoring short-term glycemic control.
Making Holographic Television a Consumer Product (2007)

While the MIT Media Laboratory has explored holographic video displays for over 15 years, recent work has added a new design requirement—that of making a display suitable for consumer use. Such a display must be at least standard television resolution, quiet, reliable, compact, manufacturable for at most a few hundred dollars, and capable of being driven by the graphics hardware of a PC or game console. We discuss our new display architecture, and its novel electro-optical and software aspects.
Mapping a Gene for Familial Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy to Chromosome 14q1 (1989)

To identify the chromosomal location of a gene responsible for familial hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, we used clinical and molecular genetic techniques to evaluate the members of a large kindred. Twenty surviving and 24 deceased family members had hypertrophic cardiomyopathy; 58 surviving members were unaffected. Genetic-linkage analyses were performed with polymorphic DNA loci dispersed throughout the entire genome, to identify a locus that was inherited with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy in family members. The significance of the linkage detected between the disease locus and polymorphic loci was assessed by calculating a lod score (the logarithm of the probability of observing coinheritance of two loci, assuming that they are genetically linked, divided by the probability of detecting coinheritance if they are unlinked). A DNA locus (D14S26), previously mapped to chromosome 14 and of unknown function, was found to be coinherited with the disease in this family. No instances of recombination were observed between the locus for familial hypertrophic cardiomyopathy and D14S26, yielding a lod score of +9.37 (theta = 0). These data indicate that in this kindred, the odds are greater than 2,000,000,000:1 that the gene responsible for familial hypertrophic cardiomyopathy is located on chromosome 14 (band q1).
Chronic epithelial kidney injury molecule-1 expression causes murine kidney fibrosis (2013)

Acute kidney injury predisposes patients to the development of both chronic kidney disease and end-stage renal failure, but the molecular details underlying this important clinical association remain obscure. We report that kidney injury molecule-1 (KIM-1), an epithelial phosphatidylserine receptor expressed transiently after acute injury and chronically in fibrotic renal disease, promotes kidney fibrosis. Conditional expression of KIM-1 in renal epithelial cells (Kim1(RECtg)) in the absence of an injury stimulus resulted in focal epithelial vacuolization at birth, but otherwise normal tubule histology and kidney function. By 4 weeks of age, Kim1(RECtg) mice developed spontaneous and progressive interstitial kidney inflammation with fibrosis, leading to renal failure with anemia, proteinuria, hyperphosphatemia, hypertension, cardiac hypertrophy, and death, analogous to progressive kidney disease in humans. Kim1(RECtg) kidneys had elevated expression of proinflammatory monocyte chemotactic protein-1 (MCP-1) at early time points. Heterologous expression of KIM-1 in an immortalized proximal tubule cell line triggered MCP-1 secretion and increased MCP-1-dependent macrophage chemotaxis. In mice expressing a mutant, truncated KIM-1 polypeptide, experimental kidney fibrosis was ameliorated with reduced levels of MCP-1, consistent with a profibrotic role for native KIM-1. Thus, sustained KIM-1 expression promotes kidney fibrosis and provides a link between acute and recurrent injury with progressive chronic kidney disease.
Effective testing for wafer reject minimization by terahertz analysis and sub-surface imaging (2014)

This paper outlines applications of terahertz spectrometry, terahertz reflectometry and sub-surface imaging for effective characterization of various aspects of semiconductor wafer testing. Exemplary results of scanning a wafer have been analyzed for defect determination. Additionally, terahertz reflectometry for controlling wafer polishing for planarization has been exemplified via high precision thickness monitoring. Application of terahertz spectrometry for identifying self-assembled monolayer (SAM) on a wafer is also outlined with example. The technique may be extended to other substrates transparent to terahertz radiation. Characterizing different SAM coated silicon wafers for identifying two different SAM species has been discussed. The Fourier transform absorbance spectra of both SAM specimens reveals several distinguishable absorbance peaks that may be used as signatures of the respective SAMs. The SAM having 18 carbon chain exhibits higher absorbance than that of the SAM comprised of 8 carbon chain. This is consistent with the higher molecular weight of the former.
A joint approach to erasure marking and Viterbi decoding for impulsive noise channels (2003)

In many real-world communication systems, the extent of nonGaussian impulsive noise (IN) rather than Gaussian noise, poses practical limits on the achievable system performance. The decoding of IN-corrupted signals is complicated by the fact that accurate IN statistics are typically unavailable at the receiver. The conventional method is to mark the IN corrupted symbol as erasures before an error-and-erasure decoding is applied. In this work, we investigate a joint erasure marking Viterbi algorithm (JEVA), which allows significant error rate performance improvement over the separate erasure marking and decoding approach to be obtained at the expense of a higher complexity.
Optimal Coding Rate Control for Scalable Streaming Media (2004)

Perhaps the major technical problem in streaming media on demand over the Internet is the need to adapt to changing network conditions. In this paper, we investigate the problem of coding rate control , or equivalently quality adaptation, in response to changing network conditions such as the onset of congestion. Using the theory of optimal linear quadratic control, we design an efficient online rate control algorithm. Extensive analytical and experimental results show that three goals are achieved: fast startup (about 1 s delay without bursting), continuous playback in the face of severe congestion, and maximal quality and smoothness over the entire streaming session. We argue that our algorithm complements any transport protocol, and we demonstrate that it works effectively with both TCP and TFRC transport protocols.
Demonstration of a compact compressor for application of metastability-exchange optical pumping of 3He to human lung imaging (2000)

Hyperpolarized gas magnetic resonance imaging has recently emerged as a method to image lungs, sinuses, and the brain. The best lung images to date have been produced using hyperpolarized 3He, which is produced by either spin-exchange or metastability-exchange optical pumping. For hyperpolarized gas MRI, the metastable method has demonstrated higher polarization levels and higher polarizing rates, but it requires compression of the hyperpolarized gas. Prior to this work, compression of hyperpolarized gas had only been accomplished using a large, complex and expensive apparatus. Here, human lung ventilation images are presented that were obtained using a compact compressor that is relatively simple and inexpensive. For this test, 1.1 bar-L of 15% hyperpolarized 3He gas was produced at the National Institute of Standards and Technology using a modified commercial diaphragm pump. The hyperpolarized gas was transported to the University of Pennsylvania in a holding field provided by a portable solenoid. Magn Reson Med 43:290–294, 2000. © 2000 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Immunologic Abnormalities Associated with Chronic Fatigue Syndrome (1994)

Several aspects of cellular immunity in patients with clinically defined chronic fatigue syndrome (CFS) were evaluated and compared with those in healthy individuals. Flow cytometric analyses revealed normal expression of total T (CD3+), B (CD19+), and NK (natural killer) (CD16+, CD56+) markers on the surface of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PMC) from patients with CFS. However, compared with those of healthy individuals, patients' CD8+ T cells expressed reduced levels of CD11b and expressed the activation markers CD38 and HLA-DR at elevated levels. In many of the individuals in whom expression of CD11b was reduced the expression of CD28 was increased. These findings indicate expansion of a population of activated CD8+ cytotoxic T lymphocytes. A marked decrease in NK cell activity was found in almost all patients with CFS, as compared with that in healthy individuals. No substantial abnormalities in monocyte activity or T cell proliferation were observed. The results of this study suggest that immune cell phenotype changes and NK cell dysfunction are common manifestations of CFS.
Improving Weed Control With a Subsurface Jet Injector System for Herbicides (1983)

ABSTRACT A subsurface jet injection system was constructed to incorporate herbicide by jetting it up into soil passing over the blades of a sweep plow. Herbicide jets penetrated up into the soil, distributing herbicide in the soil layer, while retaining residue on the soil surface to protect the soil from erosion. The subsurface herbicide injection system was tested by injecting two herbicide combinations, with and without tillage prior to application, at two pressures, with and without the treader, in two crops. Weed control, crop stands and crop yields for the best subsurface jet injection treatments were comparable to both tandem disk incorporation and handweeded check treatments.
26,27-Diethyl-1.ALPHA.,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 and 24,24-difluoro-24-homo-1.ALPHA.,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3: Highly potent inducer for differentiation of human leukemia cells HL-60. (1987)

26, 27-Diethyl-1α, 25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 (7) and 24, 24-difluoro-24-homo-1α, 25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 (8) were synthesized. They had almost no vitamin D activity but were more active than 1α, 25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 (1) in tests for induction of cell differentiation.
Policy Quality of Service (QoS) Information Model (2003)

This document presents an object-oriented information model for representing Quality of Service (QoS) network management policies. This document is based on the IETF Policy Core Information Model and its extensions. It defines an information model for QoS enforcement for differentiated and integrated services using policy. It is important to note that this document defines an information model, which by definition is independent of any particular data storage mechanism and access protocol.
Discovery of<i>Omecamtiv Mecarbil</i>the First, Selective, Small Molecule Activator of Cardiac Myosin (2010)

We report the design, synthesis, and optimization of the first, selective activators of cardiac myosin. Starting with a poorly soluble, nitro-aromatic hit compound (1), potent, selective, and soluble myosin activators were designed culminating in the discovery of omecamtiv mecarbil (24). Compound 24 is currently in clinical trials for the treatment of systolic heart failure.
Color QR Codes: Increased Capacity Via Per-Channel Data Encoding and Interference Cancellation. (2011)

Monochrome 2-D barcodes have recently become extremely popular in mobile imaging applications. To accommodate higher data rates, we present a methodology for extending these barcodes to color. We use independent per channel data encoding in cyan, magenta, and yellow print colorant channels and decode the information in the complementary red, green, and blue channels used in capture, effectively increasing the data rate by a factor of three. To overcome unavoidable inter-channel interference, our framework utilizesadaptive thresholding and model-based interference cancellation at the decoder which are facilitated by an intelligent barcode design that allows estimation of parameters required for thresholding and cancellation. We present the framework by constructing and evaluating the performance for a color version of the QR code, the most commonly deployed monochrome barcode in mobile applications. Experimental results demonstrate that the framework is effective and allows recovery of embedded data with low bit error rates, which can be readily handled by the builtin error correction withinthe QRcode standard.
Nanostructured p-type CZTS thin films prepared by a facile solution process for 3D p–n junction solar cells (2015)

Nanoporous p-type semiconductor thin films prepared by a simple solution-based process with appropriate thermal treatment and three-dimensional (3D) p-n junction solar cells fabricated by depositing n-type semiconductor layers onto the nanoporous p-type thin films show considerable photovoltaic performance compared with conventional thin film p-n junction solar cells. Spin-coated p-type Cu2ZnSnS4 (CZTS) thin films prepared using metal chlorides and thiourea show unique nanoporous thin film morphology, which is composed of a cluster of CZTS nanograins of 50-500 nm, and the obvious 3D p-n junction structure is fabricated by the deposition of n-type CdS on the nanoporous CZTS thin films by chemical bath deposition. The photovoltaic properties of 3D p-n junction CZTS solar cells are predominantly affected by the scale of CZTS nanograins, which is easily controlled by the sulfurization temperature of CZTS precursor films. The scale of CZTS nanograins determines the minority carrier transportation within the 3D p-n junction between CZTS and CdS, which are closely related with the photocurrent of series resistance of 3D p-n junction solar cells. 3D p-n junction CZTS solar cells with nanograins below 100 nm show power conversion efficiency of 5.02%, which is comparable with conventional CZTS thin film solar cells.
Phase contrast volume-holographic microscope (2009)

A spatial-spectral multiplex volume holographic pupil with phase contrast is used to enhance high frequency feature information of biological structures. We demonstrate imaging performance with biological samples illuminated by an LED in real time.
Targeting p300 Addiction in <i>CBP</i> -Deficient Cancers Causes Synthetic Lethality by Apoptotic Cell Death due to Abrogation of <i>MYC</i> Expression (2015)

Targeting synthetic-lethal partners of genes mutated in cancer holds great promise for treating patients without activating driver gene alterations. Here, we propose a "synthetic lethal-based therapeutic strategy" for CBP-deficient cancers by inhibition of the p300 HAT activity. Patients with CBP-deficient cancers could benefit from therapy using p300-HAT inhibitors.
Hierarchical edge-directed interpolation for de-interlacing (2011)

High quality motion-adaptive de-interlacing calls for high quality spatial interpolation that can generate smooth object edges without jaggy effects. In this paper, we present a hierarchical edge-directed interpolation, where the edge detection not only covers very wide range of angles but also provides high resolution edge vectors. In addition, the hierarchical architecture makes it highly efficient for hardware implementation.
Antisecretory Factor (AF) egg-yolk peptides reflects the intake of AF-activating feed in hens (2017)

Objective: The aim of the present investigation was to determine the level of the active form of the endogenous protein Antisecretory Factor (actAF), and also the active form of AF immunoreactive molecules in the affinity purified egg yolk. Design: Determination of AF in affinity purified egg yolk by means of in vivo and in vitro methods. Setting: Sahlgrenska University Hospital and Chalmers University of Technology, both units
X-ray fabrication of nonorthogonal structures using “surface” masks (1997)

Standard x-ray lithographic techniques allow great flexibility of geometry in two dimensions. Typically, the third dimension is limited to depth, which is purely orthogonal to the surface. We have been developing a relatively simple technique using x-ray lithography and have fabricated a whole family of precisely controlled nonorthogonal structures such as tapers, bridges and various “leaning” or blazed structures. Traditional soft x-ray masks, create the modulation required to print into x-ray resists by having the absorbing elements of the x-ray mask patterned on a thin membrane. This technique involves the creation of the gold absorbing elements of the x-ray mask directly on the surface of the photoresist, i.e., a “surface” mask. These surface masks can create nonorthogonal exposures creating blazed structures as well as “bridges” by tilting the sample with respect to the x-ray beam during exposure. The exposures can also be done while having the tilted sample rotated, creating tapered exposure profiles. In addition to the novel geometries, a potentially useful feature of the rotated exposures is that the sidewalls have nanometer scale smoothness, due to the averaging of intensities during rotation.
Detection of coronary occlusions using autoregressive modeling of diastolic heart sounds (1990)

Previous studies have indicated that diastolic heart sounds may contain information useful in the detection of occluded coronary arteries. In this study, recordings of diastolic heart sound segments were modeled by autoregressive (AR) methods including the adaptive recursive least-square lattice (RLSL) and the gradient lattice predictor (GAL). Application of the Akaike criterion demonstrated that between 5 and 15 AR coefficients are required to completely describe a diastolic segment. The reflection coefficients, prediction coefficients, zeros of the polynomial of the inverse filter, and the AR spectrum were determined over a number (N = 20-30) of diastolic segments. Preliminary results indicate that the averaged AR spectrum and the zeros of the inverse filter polynomial can be used to distinguish between normal patients and those with coronary artery disease.