gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Detection of counterfeit electronic components through ambient mass spectrometry and chemometrics (2014)

In the last several years, illicit electronic components have been discovered in the inventories of several distributors and even installed in commercial and military products. Illicit or counterfeit electronic components include a broad category of devices that can range from the correct unit with a more recent date code to lower-specification or non-working systems with altered names, manufacturers and date codes. Current methodologies for identification of counterfeit electronics rely on visual microscopy by expert users and, while effective, are very time-consuming. Here, a plasma-based ambient desorption/ionization source, the flowing atmospheric pressure afterglow (FAPA) is used to generate a mass-spectral fingerprint from the surface of a variety of discrete electronic integrated circuits (ICs). Chemometric methods, specifically principal component analysis (PCA) and the bootstrapped error-adjusted single-sample technique (BEAST), are used successfully to differentiate between genuine and counterfeit ICs. In addition, chemical and physical surface-removal techniques are explored and suggest which surface-altering techniques were utilized by counterfeiters.
Automatic workload driven index defragmentation (2011)

Queries that scan a B-Tree index can suffer significant I/O performance degradation due to index fragmentation. The task of determining if an index should be defragmented is challenging for database administrators (DBAs) since today's database engines offer no support for quantifying the impact of defragmenting an index on query I/O performance. Furthermore, DBMSs only support defragmentation at the granularity of an entire B-Tree, which can be very restrictive since defragmentation is an expensive operation and workloads typically access different ranges of an index non-uniformly. We have developed techniques to address the above two challenges, and implemented a prototype of automatic workload driven index defragmentation functionality in Microsoft SQL Server. We demonstrate this functionality by showing (a) how the system tracks the potential benefit of defragmenting an index on I/O performance at low overhead, (b) the ability to defragment a range of a B-Tree index online, and (c) how the cost/benefit trade-off can be controlled in a policy driven manner to enable automatic workload driven index defragmentation requiring minimal DBA intervention.
Polyimides containing oxyethylene units. Part 4: Polymerization of dianhydrides containing ether linkages (1986)

The development of new composite resins for various aerospace applications is attempted. Although it is highly desirable that these polymers be soluble in order to facilitate processing, they must display considerable solvent-resistance in use. A recent approach has involved the synthesis of a new series of polyimides containing flexible linkages. The polymers were prepared by the polymerization of aromatic dianhydrides with diamines containing oxyethylene linkages. For example, the polymerization of 3,3',4,4'-benzophenonetetracarboxylic dianhydride (BTDA) with 1,2-bis(4-aminophenoxy)ethane (1a) and bis2-(4-aminophenoxy)ethylether (lb), afforded highly crystalline polyimides that were completely insoluble. However, a polyimide that was amorphous and soluble was obtained from the polymerization of BTDA and an isomer of lb, i.e., bis2-(3-aminophenoxy)ethyl ether (4b). In an attempt to obtain a soluble, amorphous polyimide that could be annealed into a crysalline state, block copolymers of 1b and 4b and BTDA were prepared. Copolymers containing less than 20 weight % 1b were soluble in organic solvents. However, these polymers did not crystallize when heated above their Tg's. Copolymers containing higher levels of 1b were semicrystalline and insoluble. The polymerization of the diamines containing oxyethylene linkages with 4,4'-oxydiphthalic anhydride (ODPA) and a new dianhydride, i.e., 4,4'-oxyethyleneoxyethyleneoxydiphthalic anhydride (OEDA) was investigated. It was postulated that the use of these more flexible dianhydrides would result in more processable polyimides.
Amplification of <i>PVT1</i> Contributes to the Pathophysiology of Ovarian and Breast Cancer (2007)

These results suggest that MYC and PVT1 contribute independently to ovarian and breast pathogenesis when overexpressed because of genomic abnormalities. They also suggest that PVT1-mediated inhibition of apoptosis may explain why amplification of 8q24 is associated with reduced survival duration in patients treated with agents that act through apoptotic mechanisms.
InGaN-Based Nanorod Array Light Emitting Diodes (2005)

We demonstrate the realization of the high‐brightness and high‐efficiency light emitting diodes (LEDs) using dislocation‐free indium gallium nitride (InGaN)/gallium nitride (GaN) multi‐quantum‐well (MQW) nanorod (NR) arrays by metal organic‐hydride vapor phase epitaxy (MO‐HVPE). MQW NR arrays (NRAs) on sapphire substrate are buried in silicon dioxide (SiO2) to isolating individual NRs and to bring p‐type NRs in contact with p‐type electrodes. The MQW NRA LEDs have similar electrical characteristics to conventional broad area (BA) LEDs. However, due to the lack of dislocations and the large surface areas provided by the sidewalls of NRs, both internal and extraction efficiencies are significantly enhanced. At 20 mA dc current, the MQW NRA LEDs emit about 4.3 times more light than the conventional BA LEDs, even though overall active volume of the MQW NRA LEDs is much smaller than conventional LEDs.
An improved word detection algorithm for telephone quality speech (1983)

Accurate location of the endpoints of spoken words and phrases is important for reliable and robust speech recognition. The endpoint detection problem is fairly straightforward for high-level speech signals in low-level stationary noise environments (e.g., signal-to-noise ratios greater than 30 dB). However, this problem becomes considerably more difficult when either the speech signals are too low in level (relative to the background noise), or when the background noise becomes highly nonstationary. Such conditions are often encountered in the switched telephone network when the limitation on using local dialed-up lines are removed. In such cases the background noise is often highly variable in both level and spectral content due to transmission line distortions, transients, and tones from the line and/or from signal generators, etc. Conventional speech endpoint detectors have been shown to perform very poorly (on the order of 50% word detection) over these conditions. In this talk we present an improved word detection algorithm which incorporates both vocabulary and task information, leading to word detection accuracies close to 100% for isolated digit detection over a wide range of telephone transmission conditions.
Algorithm and Architecture Optimization for 2D Discrete Fourier Transforms with Simultaneous Edge Artifact Removal (2018)

Two-dimensional discrete Fourier transform (DFT) is an extensively used and computationally intensive algorithm, with a plethora of applications. 2D images are, in general, nonperiodic but are assumed to be periodic while calculating their DFTs. This leads to cross-shaped artifacts in the frequency domain due to spectral leakage. These artifacts can have critical consequences if the DFTs are being used for further processing, specifically for biomedical applications. In this paper we present a novel FPGA-based solution to calculate 2D DFTs with simultaneous edge artifact removal for high-performance applications. Standard approaches for removing these artifacts, using apodization functions or mirroring, either involve removing critical frequencies or necessitate a surge in computation by significantly increasing the image size. We use a periodic plus smooth decomposition-based approach that was optimized to reduce DRAM access and to decrease 1D FFT invocations. 2D FFTs on FPGAs also suffer from the so-called “intermediate storage” or “memory wall” problem, which is due to limited on-chip memory, increasingly large image sizes, and strided column-wise external memory access. We propose a “tile-hopping” memory mapping scheme that significantly improves the bandwidth of the external memory for column-wise reads and can reduce the energy consumption up to <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" id="M1"><mml:mn mathvariant="normal">53</mml:mn><mml:mi mathvariant="normal">%</mml:mi></mml:math>. We tested our proposed optimizations on a PXIe-based Xilinx Kintex 7 FPGA system communicating with a host PC, which gives us the advantage of further expanding the design for biomedical applications such as electron microscopy and tomography. We demonstrate that our proposed optimizations can lead to <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" id="M2"><mml:mn mathvariant="normal">2.8</mml:mn><mml:mo>×</mml:mo></mml:math> reduced FPGA and DRAM energy consumption when calculating high-throughput <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" id="M3"><mml:mn mathvariant="normal">4096</mml:mn><mml:mo>×</mml:mo><mml:mn mathvariant="normal">4096</mml:mn></mml:math> 2D FFTs with simultaneous edge artifact removal. We also used our high-performance 2D FFT implementation to accelerate filtered back-projection for reconstructing tomographic data.
Antibody Response in Human Nocardiosis: Identification of Two Immunodominant Culture-Filtrate Antigens Derived from Nocardia asteroides (1985)

An ammonium sulfate precipitate derived from a culture filtrate of Nocardia asteroides contained 20-30 protein subunits, as identified by gel electrophoresis. Western blot analysis of these proteins (obtained from serum samples from patients with systemic nocardiosis) revealed that all of the 17 samples reacted with a subunit of a protein with an apparent molecular weight of 55,000 and that 11 of the 17 samples reacted with a subunit with a molecular weight of 31,000. In contrast, only two of 25 serum samples obtained from healthy controls or patients hospitalized without nocardial or mycobacterial disease reacted with these subunits. Sera from 21 patients infected with Mycobacterium tuberculosis, a historically troublesome cross-reactive group, failed to react with either the 55,000 or the 31,000 molecular weight subunit. The presence of only two protein subunits that reacted with sera from humans with nocardiosis suggests that these molecules may have use as diagnostic reagents or probes of the immunologic reaction to Nocardia.
Application Of Optical-Fiber Pins To Explosive, Pulse-Power Generators (1984)

Arrays of optical-fiber pins, known as microballoon optical pins, have been used to diagnose the dynamic deformation of an explosive pulsed-power generator. The pin data determine the effects of multimegampere electrical current loading on generator performance. The pins are required to work in the adverse environment of the generator, consisting of explosives and explosive products and very large, rapidly-changing electrical currents that give rise to intense electromagnetic interference. The optical pin is a shock arrival-time sensor consisting of an optical fiber tipped with a gas-filled microballoon about 200 microns in diameter. When a strong pressure pulse impinges on the microballoon, the shock-heated gas within the spherical shell emits a bright flash. The light is transmitted via the optical fiber to an electronic streak camera which simultaneously records signals from many pins. The signals from an array of these sensors measure the time profile of the impact of the explosive-driven armature with the stationary conical stator. Details of the microballoon pin are described at this meeting by Benjamin and Mayer. The microballoon pin was compared with the conventional flash-gap technique in which air, confined in a much larger space, is shock-heated to produce a time-of-arrival flash. The two methods gave essentially identical results on the first shot. Since the microballoon was more convenient to use and indicated a greater range of usefulness in future applications, we used it exclusively on the subsequent shots. The microballoon optical-fiber pin gave us the data necessary for the next generator design iteration and will be used extensively in the future.
Integrated Formulation of Beacon-Based Exception Analysis for Multimissions (2003)

Further work on beacon-based exception analysis for multimissions (BEAM), a method of real-time, automated diagnosis of a complex electromechanical systems, has greatly expanded its capability and suitability of application. This expanded formulation, which fully integrates physical models and symbolic analysis, is described. The new formulation of BEAM expands upon previous advanced techniques for analysis of signal data, utilizing mathematical modeling of the system physics, and expert-system reasoning,
Heterogeneity of CD4-positive human T-cell clones which recognize the surface protein antigen of Rickettsia typhi (1989)

Immunity to the typhus group of rickettsiae is largely dependent on the effector function of several classes of T lymphocytes, including those which produce gamma interferon. Since the surface protein antigen (SPA) derived from typhus group rickettsiae has been shown to be an effective immunogen in animal models, human T-cell clones specific for the SPA of Rickettsia typhi were isolated and tested for their antigenic specificity, as well as for their ability to produce gamma interferon. Eighteen CD4-positive clones specific for the SPA of R. typhi exhibited considerable diversity in their response to the SPAs derived from two strains of Rickettsia prowazekii and from Rickettsia canada. The vast majority of clones also recognized the SPAs from R. prowazekii but not from R. canada. Two heteroclitic clones demonstrated significantly higher proliferative responses to the SPAs derived from one or both of the R. prowazekii strains than to the SPA of R. typhi, and one clone demonstrated a significantly higher response to the SPA of R. typhi than to the other SPAs. All 18 clones produced gamma interferon in response to SPA stimulation. We conclude that the SPAs from typhus group rickettsiae can elicit both a diverse T-cell response in humans and the efficient stimulation of gamma interferon-mediated immunity.
Construction and evaluation of type <scp>III</scp> secretion system mutants of the catfish pathogen <i>Edwardsiella piscicida</i> (2018)

Catfish is the largest aquaculture industry in the United States. Edwardsiellosis is considered one of the most significant problems affecting this industry. Edwardsiella piscicida is a newly described species within the genus Edwardsiella, and it was previously classified as Edwardsiella tarda. It causes gastrointestinal septicaemia, primarily in summer months, in farmed channel catfish in the south-eastern United States. In the current study, we adapted gene deletion methods used for Edwardsiella to E. piscicida strain C07-087, which was isolated from a disease outbreak in a catfish production pond. Four genes encoding structural proteins in the type III secretion system (T3SS) apparatus of E. piscicida were deleted by homologous recombination and allelic exchange to produce in-frame deletion mutants (EpΔssaV, EpΔesaM, EpΔyscR and EpΔescT). The mutants were phenotypically characterized, and virulence and vaccine efficacy were evaluated. Three of the mutants, EpΔssaV, EpΔyscR and EpΔesaM, were significantly attenuated compared to the parent strain (p < .05), but EpΔescT strain was not. Vaccination of catfish with the four mutant strains (EpΔssaV, EpΔesaM, EpΔyscR and EpΔescT) provided significant protection when subsequently challenged with wild-type strain. In conclusion, we report methods for gene deletion in E. piscicida and development of vaccine candidates derived from a virulent catfish isolate.
Real-time automatic switching between noise suppression algorithms for deployment in cochlear implants (2010)

Cochlear implant patients often complain about their difficulty in understanding speech in noisy environments. Currently a fixed noise suppression algorithm is used in cochlear implants regardless of the characteristics of the speech or noise environment. Access to an intelligent mechanism to determine the noise environment on-the-fly in order to automatically switch between different noise suppression algorithms in real-time can enhance patients experience with cochlear implants. In this paper, we report the first prototype system implementing such a real-time switching mechanism for automatic selection between two noise suppression algorithms designed for two commonly encountered noisy environments. The results obtained indicate the feasibility of this on-the-fly switching for actual deployment in cochlear implants.
Effect of Flow Configuration and Membrane Characteristics on Membrane Fouling in a Novel Multicoaxial Hollow‐Fiber Bioartificial Liver (2001)

A novel "multicoaxial hollow fiber bioreactor" has been developed consisting of four concentric tubes, the two innermost tubes are called hollow fibers. Bioartificial livers are created by culturing liver progenitors in the space between the two innermost hollow fibers and with culture media contained in the two compartments (intracapillary and extracapillary) sandwiching the cell compartment. The outermost compartment is used for gas exchange. A hydrodynamic model has recently been established to predict the optimum hydraulic permeability and bioreactor operational parameters to create the physicochemical environment found in the liver acinus. However, perfusion with serum-free hormonally-defined media and inoculation of cells introduces membrane fouling into the equation, and this parameter must be incorporated into the model. Using commercially available semipermeable hollow fibers (1 mm [0.65 microm pores] and 3 mm [0.1 microm pores] outer diameters [o.d]), the primary cause of resistance is the middle hollow fiber. Preliminary studies using bioreactors inoculated with isolated rat hepatocytes and perfused with serum-containing culture media demonstrated that the middle hollow fiber is the primary site of fouling, and this fouling ultimately causes cell mortality by blocking the transfer of nutrients. Experiments were performed to determine the best commercially available middle hollow fiber for construction of bioreactors and two 3-mm outer-diameter middle hollow fibers were compared: polypropylene and polysulfone, with 0.2 microm and 0.1 microm pore sizes, respectively. Dead-ended and cross flow configurations were compared for their effectiveness at reducing membrane fouling in the middle hollow fiber by determining the change in resistance with time. The results demonstrate that the 0.2-microm pore size polypropylene hollow fiber is the best choice for construction of the multicoaxial hollow-fiber bioreactor, and that cross flow results in two orders of magnitude lower resistance than dead-ended flow after 36 h.
Solar hydrogen generator. [by dissociation of water] (1977)

An apparatus, using solar energy to manufacture hydrogen by dissociating water molecules into hydrogen and oxygen molecules is described. Solar energy is concentrated on a globe containing water thereby heating the water to its dissociation temperature. The globe is permeable to hydrogen molecules permitting them to pass through the globe while being essentially impervious to oxygen molecules. The hydrogen molecules are collected after passing through the globe and the oxygen molecules are removed from the globe.
Dehalorespiration with Polychlorinated Biphenyls by an (2008)

Anaerobic microbial dechlorination is an important step in the detoxification and elimination of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), but a microorganism capable of coupling its growth to PCB dechlorination has not been isolated. Here we describe the isolation from sediment of an ultramicrobacterium, strain DF-1, which is capable of dechlorinating PCBs containing double-flanked chlorines added as single congeners or as Aroclor 1260 in contaminated soil. The isolate requires Desulfovibrio spp. in coculture or cell extract for growth on hydrogen and PCB in mineral medium. This is the first microorganism in pure culture demonstrated to grow by dehalorespiration with PCBs and the first isolate shown to dechlorinate weathered commercial mixtures of PCBs in historically contaminated sediments. The ability of this isolate to grow on PCBs in contaminated sediments represents a significant breakthrough for the development of in situ treatment strategies for this class of persistent organic pollutants. Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) were manufactured between 1930 and 1978, and their widespread use in high-temperature electrical coolants, hydraulic fluids, paints, carbonless paper, and as dedusting agents has resulted in their global distribution in even the most remote regions of the planet and throughout the food chain. The 2005 Priority List of Hazardous Substances (http: //www.atsdr.cdc.gov/cercla/) published by the U.S. Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry ranks PCBs fifth out of 275 substances. Ranking on this list is a combined metric based on the compound’s prevalence at facilities within the United States, known or suspected toxicity, and potential for human exposure. With the discovery of Desulfomonile tiedjei strain DCB1 (24) in 1984, the door was opened for the study of bacteria that can reductively dechlorinate halogenated organic compounds that were manufactured for a wide range of applications throughout the 20th century. Subsequently, it was discovered that such bacteria can couple their growth to reductive dehalogenation in a
PatternHunter II: highly sensitive and fast homology search. (2003)

Extending the single optimized spaced seed of PatternHunter to multiple ones, PatternHunter II simultaneously remedies the lack of sensitivity of Blastn and the lack of speed of Smith-Waterman, for homology search. At Blastn speed, PatternHunter II approaches Smith-Waterman sensitivity, bringing homology search technology back to a full circle.
Chemistries for Making Additive Nanolithography in OrmoComp Permissive for Cell Adhesion and Growth (2019)

Two-photon lithography allows writing of arbitrary nanoarchitectures in photopolymers. This design flexibility opens almost limitless possibilities for biological studies, but the acrylate-based polymers frequently used do not allow for adhesion and growth of some types of cells. Indeed, we found that lithographically defined structures made from OrmoComp do not support E18 murine cortical neurons. We reacted OrmoComp structures with several diamines, thereby rendering the surfaces directly permissive for neuron attachment and growth by presenting a surface coating similar to the traditional cell biology coating achieved with poly-d-lysine (PDL) and laminin. However, in contrast to PDL-laminin coatings that cover the entire surface, the amine-terminated OrmoComp structures are orthogonally modified in deference to the surrounding glass or plastic substrate, adding yet another design element for advanced biological studies.