gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Certificate management in ad hoc networks (2003)

Various types of certificates are basic tools of modern cryptography and network security. They are used in various protocols, in the form of public key identity certificates, binding a key to its owner or in the form of attribute certificates, being a proof of rights and capabilities of their owner. Management of certificates (creation, distribution, verification, and revocation) is dependent on a certification infrastructure comprising various certification authorities, protocols, and policies. In this paper we consider usage and management of certificates in open, ad hoc networks. Ad hoc networks differ from fixed, wired networks in several important aspects, one of them being that access to the Internet is not always available. This significantly influences certificate management protocols since online access to various certificate system resources (CA certificates, CRL, etc) is not always available. We specify security requirements and constraints in such environments and outline potential solutions for adaptation of certificate management protocols to these new network environments.
An Autophagy-Enhancing Drug Promotes Degradation of Mutant α <sub>1</sub> -Antitrypsin Z and Reduces Hepatic Fibrosis (2010)

In the classical form of alpha1-antitrypsin (AT) deficiency, a point mutation in AT alters the folding of a liver-derived secretory glycoprotein and renders it aggregation-prone. In addition to decreased serum concentrations of AT, the disorder is characterized by accumulation of the mutant alpha1-antitrypsin Z (ATZ) variant inside cells, causing hepatic fibrosis and/or carcinogenesis by a gain-of-toxic function mechanism. The proteasomal and autophagic pathways are known to mediate degradation of ATZ. Here we show that the autophagy-enhancing drug carbamazepine (CBZ) decreased the hepatic load of ATZ and hepatic fibrosis in a mouse model of AT deficiency-associated liver disease. These results provide a basis for testing CBZ, which has an extensive clinical safety profile, in patients with AT deficiency and also provide a proof of principle for therapeutic use of autophagy enhancers.
Personalized Machine Translation: Predicting Translational Preferences (2015)

Machine Translation (MT) has advanced in recent years to produce better translations for clients' specific domains, and sophisticated tools allow professional translators to obtain translations according to their prior edits. We suggest that MT should be further personalized to the end-user level -the receiver or the author of the text -as done in other applications. As a step in that direction, we propose a method based on a recommender systems approach where the user's preferred translation is predicted based on preferences of similar users. In our experiments, this method outperforms a set of non-personalized methods, suggesting that user preference information can be employed to provide better-suited translations for each user.
Pharmacological differences between the human and rat vanilloid receptor 1 (VR1) (2001)

Vanilloid receptors (VR1) were cloned from human and rat dorsal root ganglion libraries and expressed in Xenopus oocytes or Chinese Hamster Ovary (CHO) cells. Both rat and human VR1 formed ligand gated channels that were activated by capsaicin with similar EC(50) values. Capsaicin had a lower potency on both channels, when measured electrophysiologically in oocytes compared to CHO cells (oocytes: rat=1.90+/-0.20 microM; human=1.90+/-0.30 microM: CHO cells: rat=0.20+/-0.06 microM; human=0.19+/-0.08 microM). In CHO cell lines co-expressing either rat or human VR1 and the calcium sensitive, luminescent protein, aequorin, the EC(50) values for capsaicin-induced responses were similar in both cell lines (rat=0.35+/-0.06 microM, human=0.53+/-0.03 microM). The threshold for activation by acidic solutions was lower for human VR1 channels than that for rat VR1 (EC(50) pH 5.49+/-0.04 and pH 5.78+/-0.09, respectively). The threshold for heat activation was identical (42 degrees C) for rat and human VR1. PPAHV was an agonist at rat VR1 (EC(50) between 3 and 10 microM) but was virtually inactive at the human VR1 (EC(50)>10 microM). Capsazepine and ruthenium red were both more potent at blocking the capsaicin response of human VR1 than rat VR1. Capsazepine blocked the human but not the rat VR1 response to low pH. Capsazepine was also more effective at inhibiting the noxious heat response of human than of rat VR1.
A Fully Functional 64 Mb DDR3 ST-MRAM Built on 90 nm CMOS Technology (2013)

A spin torque magnetoresistive random access memory (ST-MRAM) holds great promise to be a fast, high density, nonvolatile memory that can enhance the performance of a variety of applications, particularly when used as a non-volatile buffer in data storage devices and systems. Towards that end, we have developed a fully functional 64 Mb DDR3 ST-MRAM built on 90 nm CMOS technology. The memory is organized in an 8-bank configuration that can sustain 1.6 GigaTransfers/s (DDR3-1600). We have run standard memory tests, such as a March6N pattern, on the full 64 Mb at 800 MHz with 0 fails for greater than 10 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">5</sup> cycles. Full functionality was also verified from 0°C to 70°C with no significant change in performance. The bits are magnetic tunnel junctions (MTJs) having an MgO tunnel barrier and a magnetic free layer made of a CoFeB-based alloy with an in-plane magnetization, but with an out-of-plane anisotropy reduced by more than 50% due to an enhanced perpendicular surface anisotropy. To enable the 64 Mb performance, we developed an MTJ stack that has low switching voltage (V <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">sw</sub> ), high breakdown voltage (V <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">bd</sub> ), and excellent switching reliability with tight distributions. The ST switching distribution has σ ≈ 10%, and we found excellent agreement with a single Gaussian distribution down to an error rate . For our optimized material, the V <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">sw</sub> /V <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">bd</sub> ≈ 0.3, and the separation between V <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">sw</sub> and V <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">bd</sub> is ≈ 25σ. The energy barrier to magnetization reversal (E <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">b</sub> ) was characterized using both time-dependent coercivity and higher temperature to accelerate reversal. We found the average E <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">b</sub> ≈ 70kbT.
Frequency-stabilized diode laser with the Zeeman shift in an atomic vapor (1998)

We demonstrate a robust method of stabilizing a diode laser frequency to an atomic transition. This technique employs the Zeeman shift to generate an antisymmetric signal about a Doppler-broadened atomic resonance, and therefore offers a large recapture range as well as high stability. The frequency of a 780-nm diode laser, stabilized to such a signal in Rb, drifted less than 0.5 MHz peak-peak (1 part in 10(9)) in 38 h. This tunable frequency lock can be constructed inexpensively, requires little laser power, rarely loses lock, and can be extended to other wavelengths by use of different atomic species.
Mammalian orthologues of a yeast regulator of nonsense transcript stability. (1996)

All eukaryotes that have been studied to date possess the ability to detect and degrade transcripts that contain a premature signal for the termination of translation. This process of nonsense-mediated RNA decay has been most comprehensively studied in the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae where at least three trans-acting factors (Upf1p through Upf3P) are required. We have cloned cDNAs encoding human and murine homologues of Upf1p, termed rent1 (regulator of nonsense transcripts). Rent1 is the first identified mammalian protein that contains all of the putative functional elements in Upf1p including zinc finger-like and NTPase domains, as well as all motifs common to members of helicase superfamily I. Moreover, expression of a chimeric protein, N and C termini of Upf1p, complements the Upf1p-deficient phenotype in yeast. Thus, despite apparent differences between yeast and mammalian nonsense-mediated RNA decay, these data suggest that the two pathways use functionally related machinery.
A new parallel algorithm for CRC generation (2002)

Cyclic redundancy check (CRC) is one of the most important error-detection schemes used in digital communications. A new parallel algorithm for CRC generation and its software as well as hardware implementation is described. For the software implementation, this paper has focused on the 32-bit CRC used in the Ethernet, computed on a general purpose PowerPC microprocessor with the new AltiVec technology. A speedup by a factor of 4.57 over the standard table-lookup algorithm was obtained. A hardware implementation of the algorithm is then discussed, which yields an unlimited speed-up potential over the bit-wise serial algorithm.
Power balanced pipelines (2012)

Since the onset of pipelined processors, balancing the delay of the microarchitectural pipeline stages such that each microarchitectural pipeline stage has an equal delay has been a primary design objective, as it maximizes instruction throughput. Unfortunately, this causes significant energy inefficiency in processors, as each microarchitectural pipeline stage gets the same amount of time to complete, irrespective of its size or complexity. For power-optimized processors, the inefficiency manifests itself as a significant imbalance in power consumption of different microarchitectural pipestages. In this paper, rather than balancing processor pipelines for delay, we propose the concept of power balanced pipelines - i.e., processor pipelines in which different delays are assigned to different microarchitectural pipestages to reduce the power disparity between the stages while guaranteeing the same processor frequency/performance. A specific implementation of the concept uses cycle time stealing [19] to deliberately redistribute cycle time from low-power pipeline stages to power-hungry stages, relaxing their timing constraints and allowing them to operate at reduced voltages or use smaller, less leaky cells. We present several static and dynamic techniques for power balancing and demonstrate that balancing pipeline power rather than delay can result in 46% processor power reduction with no loss in processor throughput for a full FabScalar processor over a power-optimized baseline. Benefits are comparable over a Fabscalar baseline where static cycle time stealing is used to optimize achieved frequency. Power savings increase at lower operating frequencies. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first such work on microarchitecture-level power reduction that guarantees the same performance.
Overgrown Si/SiGe resonant interband tunnel diodes for integration with CMOS (2004)

The incorporation of tunnel diodes with field effect transistors (FET) can improve the speed and power capability in electronic circuitry. This has been realized in III-V materials by demonstrating a low power refresh-free tunneling-SRAM and high performance compact A/D converter. A new thrust to integrate tunnel diodes with the mainstream CMOS technology led to the invention of Si/SiGe resonant interband tunnel diode (RITD) (S.L. Rommel et al., Appl. Phys. Lett., vol. 73, pp. 2191-93, 1998) with the highest reported peak-to-valley current ratio (PVCR) of 6.0 (K. Eberl, J. Crystal Growth, 227-228, pp. 770-76, 2001). The structure consists of a SiGe spacer i-layer sandwiched between two delta-doped planes grown by low-thermal molecular beam epitaxy (LT-MBE) (N. Jin et al., IEEE Trans. Elec. Dev., vol. 50, pp. 1876-1884, 2003). By adjusting the spacer layer thickness, the peak current density (Jp) can be adjusted from 0.1 A/cm/sup 2/ up to 151 kA/cm/sup 2/ (N. Jin et al., App. Phys. Lett., 83, pp. 3308-3310, 2003). Recently, monolithic integration of RITD with CMOS has been realized, demonstrating a low-voltage operation of a monostable-bistable logic element (MOBILE) (S.Sudirgo et al., Proc. 2003 Int. Semic. Dev. Res. Symp., pp. 22, 2003). In this study, RITD layers were grown through openings in a 300 nm thick chemical vapor deposition (CVD) SiO/sub 2/ layer.
Measuring neutrophil speed and directionality during chemotaxis, directly from a droplet of whole blood (2013)

Neutrophil chemotaxis is critical for defense against infections and its alterations could lead to chronic inflammation and tissue injury. The central role that transient alterations of neutrophil chemotaxis could have on patient outcomes calls for its quantification in the clinic. However, current methods for measuring neutrophil chemotaxis require large volumes of blood and are time consuming. To address the need for rapid and robust assays, we designed a microfluidic device that measures neutrophil chemotaxis directly from a single droplet of blood. We validated the assay by comparing neutrophil chemotaxis from finger prick, venous blood and purified neutrophil samples. We found consistent average velocity of (19 ± 6 μm/min) and directionality (91.1%) between the three sources. We quantified the variability in neutrophil chemotaxis between healthy donors and found no significant changes over time. We also validated the device in the clinic and documented temporary chemotaxis deficiencies after burn injuries.
0353 Estimated Sleep-Wake Patterns Obtained from a Large U.S. Sample by Home-Based Under-Mattress Monitoring Devices (2022)

Abstract Introduction Sharing the bed with a partner is common among adults and is likely to impact sleep in multiple ways. However, polysomnograms are performed without a bed partner and objective data on co-sleeping couples are extremely rare. This study aimed to investigate the effects of a bed partner's presence on objective sleep parameters. Methods Sleep data from 5190 users (43% female, 14% unspecified gender, mean age 47) and their bed partners were collected through a commercially-available home sleep monitoring device (Sleeptracker-AI Monitor, Fullpower Technologies, California, USA). The device passively monitors sleep using piezo-electric sensors that register the forces exerted through the mattress. Subjects with at least 10 weekday sleep recordings with a bed partner present for at least an hour, and at least 10 weekday sleep recordings without a bed partner present at all during the period from 08/2021 to 11/2021 were included. Estimated total sleep time (TST), wake after sleep onset (WASO), sleep efficiency (SE), and light, deep, and REM sleep were analyzed comparing between the nights with and without a bed partner. Results The mean (standard deviation) across subject averages of estimated TST (min), WASO (min), SE (%), and light, deep and REM sleep (min) with a bed partner were: TST 417.2(44.5), WASO 47.2(24.9), SE 89.5(6.4), light sleep 255.4(34.2), deep sleep 56.7(11.9) and REM sleep 105.2(17.5) and without a bed partner were: TST 414.7(49.2)-*, WASO 40.7(20.5)-*, SE 90.7(5.8)+*, light sleep 243.6(38.0)-*, deep sleep 62.9(12.9)+* and REM sleep 108.2(19.0)+*; a (+) indicates an increase and (-) a decrease in the sleep parameter between nights with and without a bed partner, and (*) signifies p &lt; 0.05 by paired t-test. Conclusion When the bed partner is absent, an individual’s sleep architecture shows on average a higher sleep efficiency, with less awake time but also less total sleep; more minutes spent in deep and REM sleep, and less in light sleep. This suggests a less interrupted night, perhaps due to fewer disruptions from the partner, where the individual has enough continuity in his/her sleep to transition to deeper stages. Further work will add the effect of a bedpartner in AHI and snoring. Support (If Any)
Detailed Analysis and Control Issues of Homogeneous Charge Compression Ignition (HCCI) (2002)

Homogeneous charge compression ignition (HCCI) is a new combustion technology that may develop as an alternative to diesel engines with high efficiency and low NOx and particulate matter emissions. This paper describes the HCCI research activities being currently pursued at Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory and at the University of California Berkeley. Current activities include analysis as well as experimental work.
Mannose 6‐Phosphate/Insulin‐Like Growth Factor<scp>II</scp>Receptor (2002)

This article has no abstract.

Keywords:

mannose 6-phosphate/insulin-like growth factor II receptor
Iterative block decision feedback equalization for MIMO underwater acoustic communications (2009)

A new receiver design using iterative block decision-feedback equalizer (BDFE) is proposed for high data rate single-carrier multiple-input, multiple-output (MIMO) underwater acoustic (UWA) communications. The adoption of BDFE enables a sequence-based log-likelihood ratio (LLR) calculation during iterative equalization, thus leading to better performance and faster convergence than existing low-complexity iterative equalization methods using symbol-based LLR evaluation. The proposed BDFE method is applied to overlapped blocks to reduce performance degradation at the tail of each block. The block size is flexibly selected depending on the practical channel condition. The proposed receiver scheme has been tested by extensive experimental data and proved to be robust to different transmission environments with consistently good detection performance. Data from collected during the SPACE08 experiment near Martha's Vineyard and the GOMEX08 experiment at the Gulf of Mexico, are both presented here.
Real-Time Data-Acquisition Platform for Pulsed Measurements (2011)

We present an inexpensive and simple data acquisition platform based on Field Programmable Gate Arrays (FPGAs) designed to acquire and characterize fast digital or analog electrical signals in real time for processing on a generic personal computer. While the instrument was designed for electrical outputs of single‐photon detectors and is suited for high photon‐counting rates, it can also be used for characterization of similar digital electrical signals from other sources and for analog signals as well. The complete description of the platform is available for download at http://physics.nist.gov/fpga.
Semi-Automatic Approach for Building Reconstruction Using SPLIT-MERGE-SHAPE Method (2001)

This paper proposes a novel method, which is called SPLIT-MERGE-SHAPE, for automatic structuring building model using 3D line segments. An initial cube, which covers all 3D line segments, is firstly drafted manually. Then, we SPLIT the cube using those 3D line segments to construct a combination of possible roof units. The next step is to MERGE every two neighbored roof units successively. Finally, in the 3D space, we SHAPE the roof by coplanar fitting. Experimental results show that the proposed method provides a sound solution for 3D building modeling. The method also minimizes human interventions especially when occlusions occur.
Identification, Distribution, and Expression of Novel Genes in 10 Clinical Isolates of Nontypeable <i>Haemophilus influenzae</i> (2005)

We hypothesize that Haemophilus influenzae, as a species, possesses a much greater number of genes than that found in any single H. influenzae genome. This supragenome is distributed throughout naturally occurring infectious populations, and new strains arise through autocompetence and autotransformation systems. The effect is that H. influenzae populations can readily adapt to environmental stressors. The supragenome hypothesis predicts that significant differences exist between and among the genomes of individual infectious strains of nontypeable H. influenzae (NTHi). To test this prediction, we obtained 10 low-passage NTHi clinical isolates from the middle ear effusions of patients with chronic otitis media. DNA sequencing was performed with 771 clones chosen at random from a pooled genomic library. Homology searching demonstrated that approximately 10% of these clones were novel compared to the H. influenzae Rd KW20 genome, and most of them did not match any DNA sequence in GenBank. Amino acid homology searches using hypothetical translations of the open reading frames revealed homologies to a variety of proteins, including bacterial virulence factors not previously identified in the NTHi isolates. The distribution and expression of 53 of these genes among the 10 strains were determined by PCR- and reverse transcription PCR-based analyses. These unique genes were nonuniformly distributed among the 10 isolates, and transcription of these genes in planktonic cultures was detected in 50% (177 of 352) of the occurrences. All of the novel sequences were transcribed in one or more of the NTHi isolates. Seventeen percent (9 of 53) of the novel genes were identified in all 10 NTHi strains, with each of the remaining 44 being present in only a subset of the strains. These genic distribution analyses were more effective as a strain discrimination tool than either multilocus sequence typing or 23S ribosomal gene typing methods.
Solid‐phase synthesis of functionalized bis‐peptides (2011)

We demonstrate the first solid-phase synthesis of highly functionalized bis-peptides. Bis-peptides are ladder oligomers composed of stereochemically pure, cyclic bis-amino acids joined by substituted diketopiperazine linkages. They have a shape-programmable backbone that is controlled by controlling the stereochemistry and sequence of the monomers within each oligomer. Functionalized bis-peptides are assembled using a new amide bond forming reaction (acyl-transfer coupling) that we have previously developed and a novel activation strategy that allows the sequential formation of penta- and hexa-substituted diketopiperazines from extremely hindered N-alkyl-alpha,alpha-disubstituted amino acids. We present mechanistic evidence that acyl-transfer coupling is competitive with direct acylation in the formation of hindered amide bonds. We also detail the synthesis of four functionalized bis-peptides, and that by combining bis-peptides with amino acids through diketopiperazine linkages, bis-peptides can mimic the display of residues i, i+4, i+7 of an alpha-helical peptide.