gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Noise Recycling (2020)

We introduce Noise Recycling, a method that enhances decoding performance of channels subject to correlated noise without joint decoding. The method can be used with any combination of codes, code-rates and decoding techniques. In the approach, a continuous realization of noise is estimated from a lead channel by subtracting its decoded output from its received signal. This estimate is then used to improve the accuracy of decoding of an orthogonal channel that is experiencing correlated noise. In this design, channels aid each other only through the provision of noise estimates post-decoding. In a Gauss-Markov model of correlated noise, we constructively establish that noise recycling employing a simple successive order enables higher rates than not recycling noise. Simulations illustrate noise recycling can be employed with any code and decoder, and that noise recycling shows Block Error Rate (BLER) benefits when applying the same predetermined order as used to enhance the rate region. Finally, for short codes we establish that an additional BLER improvement is possible through noise recycling with racing, where the lead channel is not pre-determined, but is chosen on the fly based on which decoder completes first.
Propagation of 2.5 Gb/s Asynchronous, Concurrent, Optical CDMA Signals Through a 214 Kilometer Fiber Optic Link (2000)

The propagation of optical Code Division Multiple Access (CDMA) signals was studied by computer simulation. Group velocity dispersion produces the worst impairment. With dispersion management, the decoder successfully recovers the signals, even in the presence of severe multi-access interference.
Engineered Biosensors from Dimeric Ligand-Binding Domains (2018)

Biosensors are important components of many synthetic biology and metabolic engineering applications. Here, we report a second generation of Saccharomyces cerevisiae digoxigenin and progesterone biosensors based on destabilized dimeric ligand-binding domains that undergo ligand-induced stabilization. The biosensors, comprising one ligand-binding domain monomer fused to a DNA-binding domain and another fused to a transcriptional activation domain, activate reporter gene expression in response to steroid binding and receptor dimerization. The introduction of a destabilizing mutation to the dimer interface increased biosensor dynamic range by an order of magnitude. Computational redesign of the dimer interface and functional selections were used to create heterodimeric pairs with further improved dynamic range. A heterodimeric biosensor built from the digoxigenin and progesterone ligand-binding domains functioned as a synthetic "AND"-gate, with 20-fold stronger response to the two ligands in combination than to either one alone. We also identified mutations that increase the sensitivity or selectivity of the biosensors to chemically similar ligands. These dimerizing biosensors provide additional flexibility for the construction of logic gates and other applications.
Predictive Momentum Control for High Fuel Efficiency GEO Spacecraft Stationkeeping (2004)

To reduce stationkeeping propellant and extend orbital maneuver life, a predictive momentum adjust system has been developed for the Lockheed Martin A2100 spacecraft. This system is designed for maneuvers where high-efficiency Arcjets (AJTs) fire continuously for Delta-V, Reaction Wheel Assemblies (RWAs) are used for attitude control, and hydrazine Rocket Engine Assemblies (REAs) are pulsed for momentum control. The predictive momentum control strategy improves fuel efficiency by optimizing the use of the REAs, which have a much lower specific impulse than the AJTs. To reduce the REA firing impulse, sequences of contiguous REA pulses, or pulse bursts, are executed to drive the RWA momentum error at the end of the maneuver to zero. The final maneuver momentum error is calculated based on an estimate of the AJT disturbance impulse as well as the commanded and measured RWA momentum. By using prediction, the system eliminates REA firing in response to that portion of the momentum error that would naturally be corrected by the AJT disturbance torque alone. Innovative control logic maximizes the REA duty cycles to reduce the total number of pulses and increase the specific impulse of the firings. The system executes pulse bursts interspersed with intervals of quiescent RWA control in a way that adjusts the RWA momentum and simultaneously maintains the RWA speeds within their allowable limits. The recursive implementation provides feedback to ensure the target momentum is achieved in the presence of REA torque uncertainties and the time-varying AJT disturbance torque. The paper provides an overview of the control system logic, and includes numerical simulation results and in-orbit A2100 spacecraft flight data that illustrate the benefits of the new approach.
Nonlinear terahertz-wave radiation generated by mid-infrared dual-chirped optical parametric amplification femtosecond pulse laser excitation (2021)

We demonstrate an efficient procedure for terahertz-wave radiation generation by applying a nonlinear wavelength conversion approach using a mid-infrared pump source. We used a 3.3 μm dual-chirped optical parametric amplification source and a 1.5 μm fiber laser for a comparison of energy conversion efficiencies. Nonlinear inorganic and organic crystals were used, and for the periodically-poled lithium niobate crystal, the efficiencies were 1.3*10^-4 and 5.6*10^-12 for the 3.3 μm source and the 1.5 μm source, respectively. We confirmed that nonlinear crystals could be pumped with tera-watt / cm^2 class by using an mid-infrared source, which reduces several undesirable nonlinear optical effects.
<b> <i>In Vivo</i> </b> Flow Cytometry (2004)

The fate of circulating tumor cells is an important determinant of their ability to form distant metastasis. Here, we demonstrate the use of in vivo flow cytometry as a powerful new method for detecting quantitatively circulating cancer cells. We specifically examine the circulation kinetics of two prostate cancer cell lines with different metastatic potential in mice and rats. We find that the cell line and the host environment affect the circulation kinetics of prostate cancer cells, with the intrinsic cell line properties determining the initial rate of cell depletion from the circulation and the host affecting cell circulation at later time points.
Multi-Dimensional Sparse-Coded Ambient Backscatter Communication for Massive IoT Networks (2018)

In this paper, we propose a multi-dimensional sparse-coded ambient backscatter communication (MSC-AmBC) system for long-range and high-rate massive Internet of things (IoT) networks. We utilize the characteristics of the ambient sources employing orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) modulation to mitigate strong direct-link interference and improve signal detection of AmBC at the reader. Also, utilization of the sparsity originated from the duty-cycling operation of batteryless RF tags is proposed to increase the dimension of signal space of backscatter signals to achieve either diversity or multiplexing gains in AmBC. We propose optimal constellation mapping and reflection coefficient projection and expansion methods to effectively construct multi-dimensional constellation for high-order backscatter modulation while guaranteeing sufficient energy harvesting opportunities at these tags. Simulation results confirm the feasibility of the long-range and high-rate AmBC in massive IoT networks where a huge number of active ambient sources and passive RF tags coexist.
Development of the selective coagulation process (1991)

The aim of this project is to develop an economical method for producing low-sulfur and low-ash coals using the selective hydrophobic coagulation (SHC) process. This work has been divided into three tasks: (1) project planning and sample acquisition; (2) studies of the fundamental mechanism(s) of the selective coagulation process and the parameters that affect the process of separating coal from both the ash-forming minerals and pyritic sulfur; and (3) bench-scale process development test work to establish the best possible method(s) of separating the hydrophobic and coagula from the dispersed mineral matter.
Abstract 10786: Cardiac Muscle Patches Containing Four Types of Cardiac Cells Derived From Human Pluripotent Stem Cells Improve Recovery From Cardiac Injury (2022)

Introduction: We have shown that human cardiac muscle patches (hCMPs) containing three different types of cardiac cells—cardiomyocytes (CMs), smooth-muscle cells (SMCs), and endothelial cells (ECs), all of which were differentiated from human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs)—significantly improved cardiac function, infarct size, and hypertrophy in a pig model of myocardial infarction (MI). However, hPSC-CMs are phenotypically immature, which may lead to arrythymogenic concerns; thus, since hPSC-derived cardiac fibroblasts (hPSC-CFs) appear to enhance the maturity of hPSC-CMs, we compared hCMPs containing hPSC-CMs, -SMCs, -ECs, and -CFs (4TCC-hCMPs) with a second hCMP construct that lacked hPSC-CFs but was otherwise identical (3TCC-hCMPs). Methods: hCMPs were generated in a fibrin scaffold. MI was induced in SCID mice through permanent coronary artery (LAD) ligation, followed by treatment with cardiac muscle patches. Animal groups included: MI heart treated with 3TCC-hCMP; with 4TCC-hCMP; MI heart treated with no patch (MI group) and sham group. Cardiac function was evaluated via echocardiography, and cell engraftment rate while infarct size was evaluated histologically at four weeks after patch transplantation. Results: The results from experiments in cultured hCMPs demonstrate: 1) that structural, metabolic, and ion-channel markers for CM maturation were significantly more abundant in 4TCC-hCMPs; and 2) that conduction velocities and action-potential durations were significantly greater in hPSC-CMs from 4TCC-hCMPs (18 cm/s ± 0.72 vs. 31 cm/s ± 3.23, p<0.005, 3TCC vs. 4TCC). Furthermore, when 3TCC- and 4TCC-hCMPs were compared in a mouse MI model, measures of cardiac function ( EF: 41.55% ± 0.92 vs. 49.18% ± 0.86, p<0.05, 3TCC vs. 4TCC), infarct size (39.23% ± 4.28 vs. 22.72% ± 0.98, p<0.05, 3TCC vs. 4TCC), hypertrophy, and CM engraftment were significantly better in animals treated with 4TCC-hCMPs than in the 3TCC-hCMP-treatment group (8.56% ± 1.79 vs. 15.99% ± 1.56, p<0.05, 3TCC vs. 4TCC). Conclusions: These results demonstrate that the inclusion of hPSC-CFs in hCMP manufacture promotes hPSC-CM maturation and increases the efficacy of hCMPs for myocardial repair.
Late-Onset Crohn’s Disease Is A Subgroup Distinct in Genetic and Behavioral Risk Factors With UC-Like Characteristics (2018)

Late-onset CD is subgroup distinct in genetic and behavioral risk factors with UC-like characteristics. 10.1093/ibd/izy148_video1izy148.video15791413461001.
Development of aids to speechreading based on automatic production of cued speech (1997)

In manual cued speech (MCS) a speaker produces hand gestures to resolve ambiguities among speech elements that are often confused by speechreaders. The shape of the hand distinguishes among consonants; the position of the hand relative to the face among vowels. Experienced receivers of MCS achieve nearly perfect reception of everyday connected speech. MCS has been taught to very young deaf children and greatly facilitates language learning, communication, and general education. A system that can produce cued speech automatically in real time is currently being developed at MIT. Cues are derived by a speaker-dependent HMM speech recognizer that uses context-dependent phone models and presented visually by superimposing animated handshapes on the face of the talker. The benefits provided by these cues strongly depends on articulation of hand movements and on precise synchronization of the actions of the hands and the face. Cue receivers experienced in the reception of MCS can recognize roughly two-thirds of the keywords in cued low-context sentences correctly, compared to roughly one-third by speechreading alone. Ongoing development aims at increasing the accuracy and robustness of the cue recognizer, refining the display, and simplifying the hardware required for use in classroom settings. [Work supported by NIH.]
Synthesis and Reactivity of Olefin Metathesis Catalysts Bearing Cyclic (Alkyl)(Amino)Carbenes (2007)

All it's CAACed up to be! Cyclic (alkyl)(amino)carbenes (CAACs) can be used as ligands for olefin metathesis catalysis. A dramatic steric effect of the N-aryl group of the CAAC on catalyst activity was observed and utilized to develop a new catalyst with activity comparable to standard commercially available catalysts.
Engineering cottonseed for use in human nutrition by tissue-specific reduction of toxic gossypol (2006)

Global cottonseed production can potentially provide the protein requirements for half a billion people per year; however, it is woefully underutilized because of the presence of toxic gossypol within seed glands. Therefore, elimination of gossypol from cottonseed has been a long-standing goal of geneticists. Attempts were made to meet this objective by developing so-called "glandless cotton" in the 1950s by conventional breeding techniques; however, the glandless varieties were commercially unviable because of the increased susceptibility of the plant to insect pests due to the systemic absence of glands that contain gossypol and other protective terpenoids. Thus, the promise of cottonseed in contributing to the food requirements of the burgeoning world population remained unfulfilled. We have successfully used RNAi to disrupt gossypol biosynthesis in cottonseed tissue by interfering with the expression of the delta-cadinene synthase gene during seed development. We demonstrate that it is possible to significantly reduce cottonseed-gossypol levels in a stable and heritable manner. Results from enzyme activity and molecular analyses on developing transgenic embryos were consistent with the observed phenotype in the mature seeds. Most relevant, the levels of gossypol and related terpenoids in the foliage and floral parts were not diminished, and thus their potential function in plant defense against insects and diseases remained untouched. These results illustrate that a targeted genetic modification, applied to an underutilized agricultural byproduct, provides a mechanism to open up a new source of nutrition for hundreds of millions of people.
Supplementary Data from Immune Determinants of the Association between Tumor Mutational Burden and Immunotherapy Response across Cancer Types (2023)

Supplementary Data from Immune Determinants of the Association between Tumor Mutational Burden and Immunotherapy Response across Cancer Types
Heterogeneity of the streptokinase gene in group A streptococci (1989)

A molecular epidemiological study was conducted to determine the distribution of the streptokinase gene in group A streptococcal strains of different M types and in other streptococcal species. Plasmid pNC1, containing only the internal coding sequence of the streptokinase gene from group C streptococcal strain H46A, was used as a DNA probe in colony and Southern hybridization experiments. Only the pathogenic group A, C, and G streptococci contained a streptokinase gene; 12 other Lancefield group strains did not. A total of 134 group A strains, including 61 M types and 6 T types, were tested. Although only 62% (83 of 134) of the strains tested showed positive streptokinase activity by the casein-plasminogen overlay assay, all strains contained the streptokinase gene as evidenced by strong hybridization with the pNC1 probe. Southern blot DNA hybridizations were carried out with 101 strains of group A streptococci. The restriction enzymes HindIII and HaeIII were used to digest the genomic DNA. Six hybridization patterns were observed after HindIII digestion. Double hybridization bands appeared in all of the patterns, which indicated the existence of a highly conserved HindIII site. More complex hybridization results were obtained after HaeIII digestion. Twelve hybridization patterns were observed; three were characterized by a single hybridization band, and nine were characterized by double bands. Variations in hybridization patterns were observed in strains of both the same and different serotypes. The overall results at the gene level indicate that there is considerable heterogeneity among the streptokinases of group A streptococci, consistent with previous findings of immunological and chemical differences among streptokinases of group A streptococci.
Parametric Study of Unsaturated Drainage Layers in a Capillary Barrier (1999)

Unsaturated drainage layers (UDLs) have been demonstrated to greatly increase the lateral diversion capacity of capillary barriers. The inclusion of a UDL allows native soils suitable for vegetation growth to be used as the finer soil as lateral drainage properties of the layer no longer need to be considered. A comprehensive numerical study was conducted to investigate the influence of the interface slope and the UDL material on the system's ability to laterally divert downward moving moisture. A capillary barrier system with and without a UDL was simulated for 10 years using daily varying climatic data for three locations in the United States. Three different sands were simulated as the UDL and were modeled at slopes of 5, 10, and 20%. The numerical results confirm that the inclusion of an unsaturated drainage layer at the fine/coarse interface of a capillary barrier can provide significant improvements in the performance of the cover system by laterally draining water. This improvement in performance may allow the system to be successfully implemented in climates wetter than previously were thought suitable. The diversion length (the distance water is diverted laterally with no downward flow through the fine/coarse interface) of a capillary barrier with a UDL was found to be proportional to the slope of the fine/coarse interface. In addition, a relationship between lateral diversion lengths in a capillary barrier and the UDL material was developed and found to be dependent on the unsaturated flow characteristics of the UDL. These relationships allow the performance of a variety capillary barrier UDL designs to be calculated knowing the behavior of one system for a given location.
Abstract 5251: ASCL1 and RET expression define a clinically relevant subgroup of lung adenocarcinoma characterized by neuroendocrine differentiation (2014)

Abstract ASCL1 is an important regulatory transcription factor in pulmonary neuroendocrine cell development, but its value as a biomarker of neuroendocrine differentiation in lung adenocarcinoma (AD) and as a potential prognostic biomarker remains unclear. We examined ASCL1expression in lung cancer samples of varied histologic subtype, clinical outcome, and smoking status and compared to expression of traditional neuroendocrine markers. ASCL1 mRNA expression was found almost exclusively in smokers with AD, in contrast to non-smokers. ASCL1 protein expression by immunohistochemistry (IHC) correlated best with synaptophysin compared to chromogranin and CD56/NCAM. Analysis of a compendium of 367 microarray-based gene expression profiles in stage I lung adenocarcinomas identified significantly higher expression levels of the RET oncogene in ASCL1 positive tumors (ASCL1+) compared to ASCL1- tumors (q-value &lt; 10 - 9). High levels of RET expression in ASCL1+ but not in ASCL1- tumors was associated with significantly shorter overall survival in stage 1 (p = 0.007) and in all AD (p = 0.037). RET protein expression by IHC had an association with overall survival in the context of ASCL1 expression. In silico gene set analysis and in vitro experiments by ASCL1 shRNA in AD cells with high endogenous expression of ASCL1 and RET implicated ASCL1 as a potential upstream regulator of the RET oncogene. Also, silencing ASCL1 in AD cells markedly reduced cell growth and motility. These results suggest that ASCL1 and RET expression define a clinically relevant subgroup of approximately 10% of AD characterized by neuroendocrine differentiation. Citation Format: Farhad Kosari, Cristiane M. Ida, Marie Christine Aubry, Lin Yang, Irina V. Kovtun, Janet L. Schaefer Klein, Sandra C. Tomaszek, Stephen J. Murphy, Ping Yang, Dennis Wigle, George Vasmatzis. ASCL1 and RET expression define a clinically relevant subgroup of lung adenocarcinoma characterized by neuroendocrine differentiation. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 105th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2014 Apr 5-9; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2014;74(19 Suppl):Abstract nr 5251. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2014-5251
High power DFB laser diodes (2010)

We present a new design that reduces the far field angles and increases the threshold for catastrophic optical damage of distributed feedback lasers with lateral gratings. The layer structure consists of an asymmetric large optical cavity where the active region is located very close to the upper cladding layer. The position and large refractive index of the active region results in a mode profile that is suitable for good coupling to the lateral grating. A large mode diameter on the facets is achieved by tapering the ridge from its original width to sub-micron dimensions close to the facets. This taper pushes the optical mode down into the core of the large optical cavity, leading to an increase of the mode diameter. The concept is fully compatible with standard facet coating and passivation processes. We present 980 nm laser diodes based on this concept with 5.2° and 13° full-width half-maximum of the farfield and catastrophic optical damage thresholds of 1.6 W.
ChemInform Abstract: Potent Antagonists of Vasopressin Antidiuretic Activity That Lack the β,β‐Cyclopentamethylene‐β‐mercaptopropionic Acid Substitution at Position 1. (1987)

Abstract The binding affinity and activating or inhibiting abilities towards adenylate cyclase of the vasopressin V2 antagonists (I) are determined.
<title>Experimental validation of a novel stictionless magnetorheological fluid isolator</title> (2003)

Magnetorheological (MR) fluid damper design typically constitutes a piston/dashpot configuration. During reciprocation, the fluid is circulated through the device with the generated pressure providing viscous damping. In addition, the damper is also intended to accommodate off-axis loading; i.e., rotation moments and lateral loads orthogonal to the axis of operation. Typically two sets of seals, one where the piston shaft enters and exits the device and one between the piston and the cylinder wall, maintain alignment of the damper and seal the fluid from leaking. With MR fluid, these seals can act as sources of non-linear friction effects (stiction) and oftentimes possess a shorter lifespan due to the abrasive nature of the ferrous particles suspended in the fluid. Intelligently controlling damping forces must also accommodate the non-linear stiction behavior, which degrades performance. A new, unique MR fluid isolator was designed, fabricated and tested that directly addresses these concerns. The goal of this research was the development of a stiction-free MR isolator whose damping force can be predicted and precisely controlled. This paper presents experimental results for a prototype device and compares those results to model predictions.
Effect of false twist on the structure of low-twist ring spun yarns (2008)

2007-2008 > Academic research: refereed > Publication in refereed journal
Polarization Change Monitor Based on Geometrical Analysis in Stokes Space (2021)

We propose a novel polarization change monitor by analyzing geometrical relation of pilot symbols in Stokes space. The proposed monitor is experimentally verified and result shows that the polarization change in the range of quasi static to 3MHz can be captured.