gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Rapid and Safe Isolation of Human Peripheral Blood B and T Lymphocytes through Spiral Microfluidic Channels (2019)

Peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBLs) are mature lymphocytes that circulate in the blood rather than being localized to organs. A reliable label-free collection approach that can viably and appropriately isolate PBLs to establish in vitro culture systems is crucial for basic research and clinical requirements. However, isolation of PBLs from whole blood is difficult, and so the development of a rapid and safe method to perform this task is required. Microfluidic technology offers opportunities that challenge the performance of macroscale methods. In this study, we proposed a simple spiral microfluidic chip for efficient and high-throughput isolation of lymphocytes from a sample with prelysed RBCs. This spiral microfluidic platform does not rely on antibodies or biological markers for labeling cells of interest while isolating lymphocytes but rather enriches B and T lymphocytes through the different physical properties that are intrinsic to lymphocytes and other blood cells. The device was used to achieve high-throughput (~1.3 × 10<sup>5</sup> cells/min) separation of lymphocytes with high viability (>95%). Compared with previous approaches, our device provided rapid, label-free, high-throughput, and safe lymphocyte separation.
Tensile Tests on Four Layers CSM600 Glass Fibers-reinforced Polylite 440-M888 Polyester Resin (2015)

This paper presents basic failure modes encountered in four layers glass fibers-reinforced polyester resin specimens subjected to tensile tests until final collapse. Chopped strand mat CSM600 (600 g/m2 specific weight) has been used to reinforce Polylite 440-M888 polyester resin. From a cured plate manufactured at Compozite Ltd, specimens have been cut using a diamond powder mill to avoid introducing supplementary internal stresses in the laminate. First failures modes occurred at 0.012 strain value. Basic mechanical properties such as Young's modulus, tensile strength, load at maximum load, extension at maximum load and other important features have been experimentally determined on a “LS100 Plus” Lloyd Instruments materials testing machine.
Effect of test set minimization on fault detection effectiveness (1995)

Article Free AccessEffect of test set minimization on fault detection effectiveness Authors: W. Eric Wong Bell Communications Research, Morristown, NJ Bell Communications Research, Morristown, NJView Profile , Joseph R. Horgan Bell Communications Research, Morristown, NJ Bell Communications Research, Morristown, NJView Profile , Saul London Bell Communications Research, Morristown, NJ Bell Communications Research, Morristown, NJView Profile , Aditya P. Mathur Software Engineering Research Center, Department of Computer Sciences, Purdue University, W. Lafayette, IN Software Engineering Research Center, Department of Computer Sciences, Purdue University, W. Lafayette, INView Profile Authors Info & Claims ICSE '95: Proceedings of the 17th international conference on Software engineeringApril 1995Pages 41–50https://doi.org/10.1145/225014.225018Published:23 April 1995Publication History 135citation967DownloadsMetricsTotal Citations135Total Downloads967Last 12 Months94Last 6 weeks14 Get Citation AlertsNew Citation Alert added!This alert has been successfully added and will be sent to:You will be notified whenever a record that you have chosen has been cited.To manage your alert preferences, click on the button below.Manage my AlertsNew Citation Alert!Please log in to your account Save to BinderSave to BinderCreate a New BinderNameCancelCreateExport CitationPublisher SiteeReaderPDF
White light induced photocatalytic activity of sulfur-doped TiO2 thin films and their potential for antibacterial application (2009)

Sulfur-doped titania thin films were prepared by atmospheric pressure chemical vapour deposition (APCVD) for the first time using titanium tetrachloride, ethyl acetate and carbon disulfide. The films were compared to two industrial self-cleaning products: Activ™ and BIOCLEAN™, and shown to be superior in both photocatalysis and photo-induced superhydrophilicity, two preferential properties of effective self-cleaning coatings. X-Ray diffraction showed the films have the anatase TiO2 structure. XPS and EDX analysis shows changes in S : Ti ratio with preparative conditions indicating that sulfur has indeed been incorporated into the lattice. S-Doped TiO2 films were found to be effective agents for killing the bacterium Escherichia coli using light sources commonly found in UK hospitals.
Modified MHC Class II–Associated Invariant Chain Induces Increased Antibody Responses against<i>Plasmodium falciparum</i>Antigens after Adenoviral Vaccination (2019)

Abstract Adenoviral vectors can induce T and B cell immune responses to Ags encoded in the recombinant vector. The MHC class II invariant chain (Ii) has been used as an adjuvant to enhance T cell responses to tethered Ag encoded in adenoviral vectors. In this study, we modified the Ii adjuvant by insertion of a furin recognition site (Ii-fur) to obtain a secreted version of the Ii. To test the capacity of this adjuvant to enhance immune responses, we recombined vectors to encode Plasmodium falciparum virulence factors: two cysteine-rich interdomain regions (CIDR) α1 (IT4var19 and PFCLINvar30 var genes), expressed as a dimeric Ag. These domains are members of a highly polymorphic protein family involved in the vascular sequestration and immune evasion of parasites in malaria. The Ii-fur molecule directed secretion of both Ags in African green monkey cells and functioned as an adjuvant for MHC class I and II presentation in T cell hybridomas. In mice, the Ii-fur adjuvant induced a similar T cell response, as previously demonstrated with Ii, accelerated and enhanced the specific Ab response against both CIDR Ags, with an increased binding capacity to the cognate endothelial protein C receptor, and enhanced the breadth of the response toward different CIDRs. We also demonstrate that the endosomal sorting signal, secretion, and the C-terminal part of Ii were needed for the full adjuvant effect for Ab responses. We conclude that engineered secretion of Ii adjuvant–tethered Ags establishes a single adjuvant and delivery vehicle platform for potent T and B cell–dependent immunity.
A physiologically motivated front end for speech recognition (1991)

A physiological front-end preprocessor for speech recognition was evaluated using a large isolated-word database in quiet and noise. The front-end was based on the ensemble interval histogram (EIH) model developed by O. Ghitza. This model provides phase or synchrony information similar to that available on the auditory nerve. A modified EIH front-end was implemented and was tested using the Lincoln robust hidden Markov model isolated-word recognizer with a multistyle database at various signal-to-noise ratios (SNRs). The modified EIH front-end performed as well as a conventional mel-filter-bank front-end for normal speech. It provided a slight improvement in error rate at very low SNRs but required substantially more computation than the mel-filter-bank front-end
Taking personalized medicine seriously: Biomarker approaches in phase IIb/III studies in major depression and schizophrenia (2015)

The success rate in the development of psychopharmacological compounds is insufficient. Two main reasons for failure have been frequently identified: 1) treating the wrong patients and 2) using the wrong dose. This is potentially based on the known heterogeneity among patients, both on a syndromal and a biological level. A focus on personalized medicine through better characterization with biomarkers has been successful in other therapeutic areas. Nevertheless, obstacles toward this goal that exist are 1) the perception of a lack of validation, 2) the perception of an expensive and complicated enterprise, and 3) the perception of regulatory hurdles. The authors tackle these concerns and focus on the utilization of biomarkers as predictive markers for treatment outcome. The authors primarily cover examples from the areas of major depression and schizophrenia. Methodologies covered include salivary and plasma collection of neuroendocrine, metabolic, and inflammatory markers, which identified subgroups of patients in the Netherlands Study of Depression and Anxiety. A battery of vegetative markers, including sleep-electroencephalography parameters, heart rate variability, and bedside functional tests, can be utilized to characterize the activity of a functional system that is related to treatment refractoriness in depression (e.g., the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system). Actigraphy and skin conductance can be utilized to classify patients with schizophrenia and provide objective readouts for vegetative activation as a functional marker of target engagement. Genetic markers, related to folate metabolism, or folate itself, has prognostic value for the treatment response in patients with schizophrenia. Already, several biomarkers are routinely collected in standard clinical trials (e.g., blood pressure and plasma electrolytes), and appear to be differentiating factors for treatment outcome. Given the availability of a wide variety of markers, the further development and integration of such markers into clinical research is both required and feasible in order to meet the benefit of personalized medicine. This article is based on proceedings from the "Taking Personalized Medicine Seriously-Biomarker Approaches in Phase IIb/III Studies in Major Depression and Schizophrenia" session, which was held during the 10th Annual Scientific Meeting of the International Society for Clinical Trials Meeting (ISCTM) in Washington, DC, February 18 to 20, 2014.
Correlation of Antifactor Xa Concentrations with Renal Function in Patients on Enoxaparin (2003)

Enoxaparin is a low molecular weight heparin (LMWH) that has been shown to be effective in deep vein thrombosis, pulmonary embolism, and unstable angina. Because renal function plays an important role in the clearance of LMWH, the authors sought to investigate the effect of renal function on enoxaparin. This prospective multiple-dose study evaluated 18 patients with varying degrees of renal function initiated on enoxaparin 1 mg/kg subcutaneously every 12 hours. Peak blood levels of anti-Xa concentrations were obtained 4 +/- 0.5 hours postdose after receiving at least three doses of enoxaparin. The median antifactor Xa levels were higher in patients with creatinine clearance (CLCr) < or = 30 mL/min compared to CLCr > or = 31 mL/min (1.34 IU/mL vs. 0.91 IU/mL, respectively, p < 0.05). A linear correlation was established between creatinine clearance and anti-Xa concentrations (p < 0.0005). On the basis of the data, the authors believe that a dose adjustment is necessary in patients receiving repeated doses of enoxaparin with CLCr < or = 30 mL/min.
Review of the gas centrifuge until 1962. Part I: Principles of separation physics (1984)

There are two sets of principles involved in the development of the gas centrifuge, the internal separation physics and the external means of spinning a rotor at very high speeds. Only the first aspect is discussed in this part of the review. First, the industrial requirement for the separation of the uranium isotopes is defined so that the separation history can be put in a modern perspective. The history of separation physics itself is then traced back to the theory of centrifugal force by Huygens and the equivalence of this force to that of gravity. The barometric equation giving the variation of atmospheric pressure with height and the law of partial pressures can then be adapted to the centrifuge to give the steady-state theory of separation. This work was completed in the last century but was not confirmed in its application to isotope separation until 1936. The detailed separation physics for non-steady-state conditions required for a production centrifuge was developed during the American wartime Manhattan Project. During this work the theory giving the maximum output of a centrifuge was developed by Dirac, and soon afterwards Cohen and Kaplan showed that the best method of operation for a production centrifuge is in a countercurrent mode of operation. This method gives a large separation factor at relatively small flow rates through the rotor. The theory of how to set up an internal countercurrent was given by Martin during an equivalent wartime German project, and refinements to the theory, showing how the countercurrent persists along a centrifuge rotor, was given by Dirac and Steenbeck, the latter during a postwar Russian project. This theory was extended by Parker, Ging, and Mayo of the University of Virginia, whose work was completed by 1962, the limit of this review.
Induction and regulation of contact hypersensitivity by resident, bone marrow-derived, dendritic epidermal cells: Langerhans cells and Thy-1+ epidermal cells. (1986)

Circumstantial evidence suggests strongly that epidermal Langerhans cells (LC) alone among epidermal cells (EC) are responsible for generating an immunogenic signal for contact hypersensitivity (CH) after epicutaneous application of hapten. However, data obtained from previous studies performed with intact skin or isolated EC do not address the immunogenic capacity of a second dendritic, bone marrow-derived population of cells that resides within the epidermis, Thy-1+ epidermal cells. To identify the cellular source(s) of the antigenic signals emerging from the epidermis, purified preparations of LC, Thy-1+ cells, and keratinocytes were prepared from CBA/J mouse skin. Each cell type was derivatized in vitro with TNBS and inoculated via various routes into syngeneic mice that were assayed for the induction of CH and specific unresponsiveness. IA+ LC, when derivatized with hapten and inoculated into mice, induced CH without evidence of down-regulation regardless of the route of immunization. Derivatized Thy-1+ EC did not deliver a positive signal for CH. Rather, Thy-1+ EC possessed the capacity to initiate down-regulation of the CH response when they were delivered i.v. We conclude that all cellular elements necessary for the induction and regulation of CH after epicutaneous application of hapten to skin reside within the epidermis. The resident, dendritic, bone marrow-derived populations within the epidermis have the capacity to determine the outcome of an epicutaneous antigenic encounter.
Reversed siderophores act as antimalarial agents. (1991)

We describe here a family of biomimetic iron carriers that display high binding efficiency for ferric ions and favorable permeation properties across erythrocytic membranes. These carriers inhibit in vitro growth of Plasmodium falciparum by scavenging intracellular iron. The chemical features were realized by reproducing the iron-binding cavities of natural iron carriers (siderophores) and by systematic substitutions of their hydrophilic envelopes for more hydrophobic ones. In contrast to natural carriers, which participate in receptor-mediated iron uptake in cells and act as growth promoters, our synthetic carriers were designed to penetrate cellular membranes by diffusion, scavenge intracellular iron, and thereby act as growth inhibitors. Based on these properties we designate the compounds reversed siderophores and refer to the specific analogs of the natural ferrichrome as synthetic ferrichromes. The antimalarial activity of the synthetic ferrichromes correlated with their lipophilicity, and this antimalarial activity was averted when the chelators were applied as iron (III) complexes. The sites of synthetic ferrichrome action reside in the intraerythrocytic parasite and not in serum or on normal erythrocyte components. The agents were effective against all stages of parasite growth and against a variety of multidrug-resistant strains of P. falciparum. The most potent agent of this synthetic ferrichrome series, SF1-ileu, was not toxic to mammalian cells in culture and was 15-fold more potent and 20-fold faster acting than desferrioxamine. Taken in toto, these agents constitute a series of promising candidates for future use in malaria chemotherapy.
<title>Modeling multiscale differential pixel statistics</title> (2006)

The statistics of natural images play an important role in many image processing tasks. In particular, statistical assumptions about differences between neighboring pixel values are used extensively in the form of prior information for many diverse applications. The most common assumption is that these pixel difference values can be described be either a Laplace or Generalized Gaussian distribution. The statistical validity of these two assumptions is investigated formally in this paper by means of Chi-squared goodness of fit tests. The Laplace and Generalized Gaussian distributions are seen to deviate from real images, with the main source of error being the large number of zero and close to zero nearby pixel difference values. These values correspond to the relatively uniform areas of the image. A mixture distribution is proposed to retain the edge modeling ability of the Laplace or Generalized Gaussian distribution, and to improve the modeling of the effects introduced by smooth image regions. The Chi-squared tests of fit indicate that the mixture distribution offers a significant improvement in fit.
Lake Level and Surface Topography Measured With Spaceborne GNSS‐Reflectometry From CYGNSS Mission: Example for the Lake Qinghai (2018)

Abstract This paper demonstrates inland water altimetry of spaceborne Global Navigation Satellite System‐Reflectometry (GNSS‐R) using the Cyclone GNSS (CYGNSS) mission data. From 12 tracks of raw data overpassing the Lake Qinghai, the bistatic group delay and carrier phase delay are extracted from the quasi‐specular GNSS reflections. The water levels derived from the group delay observations are consistent with the Cryosat‐2 and in situ gauge measurements. The surface topography profiles from the phase delay measurements show good self‐consistence along the coincident tracks. Decimeter‐level surface height anomalies are resolved with the phase delay measurements, which can be associated with the accuracy degradation of the geoid model in this region. Systematic errors remain in both group delay and phase delay altimetry measurements, which are attributed to the receiver orbit errors and ionospheric correction residuals. These limitations can be eliminated in further GNSS‐R missions dedicated to altimetry applications.
Plasma-Deposited Silicon Nitride Films from SiF<sub>2</sub> as Silicon Source (1984)

SiF 2 gas is used instead of SiF 4 as a reactant source for the plasma-deposition of silicon nitride. As compared with the reaction from the SiF 4 –N 2 –H 2 gas mixture, (i) the deposition rate is higher at the same N/Si ratio, (ii) more nitrogen, less fluorine and less oxygen are incorporated in the film, and (iii) the film can be deposited without H 2 gas. These results can be attributed to higher reactivity of the SiF 2 gas.
Education in Mass Communication – Challenges and Strategies: A Case Study of Indian Scenario (2010)

The privatization and globalization measures unleashed by the Indian government in the post 1990s, in the aftermath of the collapse of the Soviet Union, had led to the establishment of innumerable media houses both in the print and electronic sectors, besides educational institutions, in keeping pace with the global technological changes in the media. Arrival of mobile industries and launching of internet services have changed the face of the media industry and media economy in India. The present work is an effort to analytically examine and analyze the course content, infrastructure and the faculty resourcefulness with respect to the diploma, degree and research courses offered in different Indian educational institutions in journalism and mass communication with the primary and secondary data obtained from various universities and institutions by comparing them with the industrial needs of a growing economy like India. The present research, hopefully, aims to lay bear the challenges and strategies ahead of the Indian journalism and mass communication and offer a direction.
Phase Shifter System Using Vector Modulation For Phased Array Radar Applications (2006)

This paper presents the design and implementation of a complete phase shifter system using vector (polar) modulation, suitable for solid-state phased array radar applications, providing a cost effective solution which overcomes the main constraints involved with traditional systems. The performance characteristics for an intermediate frequency (150 MHz) are shown. Finally a four channel prototype was built to evaluate the network connectivity of the phase shifter.
Knock Knock, Who's There? Membership Inference on Aggregate Location Data (2018)

Aggregate location data is often used to support smart services and applications, e.g., generating live traffic maps or predicting visits to businesses. In this paper, we present the first study on the feasibility of membership inference attacks on aggregate location time-series. We introduce a game-based definition of the adversarial task, and cast it as a classification problem where machine learning can be used to distinguish whether or not a target user is part of the aggregates.
Characterization of Si(100) Surface after High Density HBr/Cl<sub>2</sub>/O<sub>2</sub> Plasma Etching (2000)

The nature of deposited film on unmasked Si(100) surface after high density HBr/Cl 2 /O 2 plasma etching has been investigated. The as-etched surface was treated sequentially with HF for different duration and monitored with atomic force microscopy (AFM) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). It was found that microscopic Si pillars are formed on the etched surface and might be attributed to the formation of micromasks. XPS surface analysis indicated the passivation film consists mainly of silicon oxides and oxybromides. Ab initio calculations using Si 4 cluster model suggested the direct attack of oxyhalide species on the surface as the energetically most favored process. It is also shown that HF treatment for 40 s was effective in the complete removal of the residual film.
Fabrication and Utilization of Bifunctional Protein/Polysaccharide Coprecipitates for the Independent Codelivery of Two Model Actives from Simple Oil-in-Water Emulsions (2018)

Aside from single active microencapsulation, there is growing interest in designing structures for the coencapsulation and codelivery of multiple species. Although currently achievable within solid systems, significant challenges exist in realizing such functionality in liquid formulations. The present study reports on a novel microstructural strategy that enables the coencapsulation and corelease of two actives from oil-in-water emulsions. This is realized through the fabrication of sodium caseinate/chitosan (NaCAS/CS) complexes that in tandem function as encapsulants of one active (hydrophilic) but also as ("Pickering-like") stabilizers to emulsion droplets containing a secondary active (hydrophobic). Confocal microscopy confirmed that the two coencapsulated actives occupied distinct emulsion microstructure regions; the hydrophilic active was associated with the NaCAS/CS complexes at the emulsion interface, while the hydrophobic active was present within the oil droplets. Aided by their segregated coencapsulation, the two actives exhibited markedly different corelease behaviors. The hydrophilic active exhibited triggered release that was promoted by changes to pH, which weakened the protein-polysaccharide electrostatic interactions, resulting in particle swelling. The hydrophobic secondary active exhibited sustained release that was impervious to pH and instead controlled by passage across the interfacial barrier. The employed microstructural approach can therefore lead to the segregated coencapsulation and independent corelease of two incompatible actives, thus offering promise for the development of liquid-emulsion-based formulations containing multiple actives.