gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Human T-cell leukemia retrovirus-Tax protein is a repressor of nuclear receptor signaling (1999)

The Tax oncoprotein promotes cellular transformation and is associated with the pathogenesis of adult T-cell leukemia. Tax expression activates transcription via the cAMP enhancer binding protein/activating transcription factor (CREB/ATF) and NF-kappaB pathways. In contrast to its positive action, here we demonstrate that Tax is a potent repressor of steroid and retinoid receptor transcription. The Tax protein becomes localized in the promyelocytic (PML) oncogenic domain, and unexpectedly, expression of the PML protein reverses Tax-induced repression. These results suggest that PML and Tax may act in opposing manners to influence nuclear receptor transcription and human T-cell leukemia retrovirus pathogenesis.
Creating motion video summaries with partial audio-visual alignment (2003)

In this paper, we propose an audio-visual summarization system which creates an audio and a visual summary of a given video program separately, and then integrates the two summaries with a partial alignment. A bipartite graph-based audio-visual alignment algorithm is developed to efficiently find the best alignment solution that satisfies the predefined alignment requirements. With the proposed system, we strive to produce a motion video summary for the original video that: (1) provides a natural visual and audio content overview; and (2) maximizes the coverage for both audio and visual contents of the original video without having to sacrifice either of them. Such audio-visual summaries dramatically increase the information intensity and depth, and lead to a more effective video content overview.
Epigenetic Control and Cancer: The Potential of Histone Demethylases as Therapeutic Targets (2012)

The development of cancer involves an immense number of factors at the molecular level. These factors are associated principally with alterations in the epigenetic mechanisms that regulate gene expression profiles. Studying the effects of chromatin structure alterations, which are caused by the addition/removal of functional groups to specific histone residues, are of great interest as a promising way to identify markers for cancer diagnosis, classify the disease and determine its prognosis, and these markers could be potential targets for the treatment of this disease in its different forms. This manuscript presents the current point of view regarding members of the recently described family of proteins that exhibit histone demethylase activity; histone demethylases are genetic regulators that play a fundamental role in both the activation and repression of genes and whose expression has been observed to increase in many types of cancer. Some fundamental aspects of their association with the development of cancer and their relevance as potential targets for the development of new therapeutic strategies at the epigenetic level are discussed in the following manuscript.
Aktuelle Aspekte zur supportiven und adjuvanten Therapie der Sepsis (2003)

Effects of a Protein Optimized Diet Combined with Moderate Resistance Training on the Postoperative Course in Older Patients with Hip Fracture
Instantaneous Heart Rate detection using short-time autocorrelation for wearable healthcare systems (2012)

This report describes a robust method of Instantaneous Heart Rate (IHR) detection from noisy electrocardiogram (ECG) signals. Generally, the IHR is calculated from the interval of R-waves. Then, the R-waves are extracted from the ECG using a threshold. However, in wearable biosignal monitoring systems, various noises (e.g. muscle artifacts from myoelectric signals, electrode motion artifacts) increase incidences of misdetection and false detection because the power consumption and electrode distance of the wearable sensor are limited to reduce its size and weight. To prevent incorrect detection, we use a short-time autocorrelation technique. The proposed method uses similarity of the waveform of the QRS complex. Therefore, it has no threshold calculation Process and it is robust for noisy environment. Simulation results show that the proposed method improves the success rate of IHR detection by up to 37%.
Transition-Metal-Free<i>O</i>-,<i>S</i>-, and<i>N</i>-Arylation of Alcohols, Thiols, Amides, Amines, and Related Heterocycles (2010)

A new protocol for the Ullmann-type arylation process of different aromatic heterocycles without any transition-metal catalyst, implying the use of a combination of an excess of potassium hydroxide and dimethyl sulfoxide, is described. The reaction can be performed between a broad range of starting nucleophiles including phenol, alcohols, amines, nitrogen-containing five-membered systems such as pyrazoles, imidazoles, and indoles, and amides with haloarenes, iodide and bromide derivatives giving the best results, the possible pathway involving the in situ generation of the corresponding benzyne intermediate. When the reaction was performed with 2-iodoaniline and either carboxamides or isothiocyanato derivatives, the corresponding benzoazole derivatives were obtained.
ChemInform Abstract: Preliminary Evidence for Sinapyl Acetate as a Lignin Monomer in Kenaf. (2002)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Novel retinoic acid metabolism blocking agents have potent inhibitory activities on human breast cancer cells and tumour growth (2007)

Antitumour effects of retinoids are attributed to their influence on cell proliferation, differentiation, apoptosis and angiogenesis. In our effort to develop useful agents for breast cancer therapy, we evaluated the effects of four representative retinoic acid metabolism blocking agents (RAMBAs, VN/14-1, VN/50-1, VN/66-1 and VN/69-1) on growth inhibition of oestrogen receptor positive (ER +ve, MCF-7 and T-47D) and oestrogen receptor negative (ER −ve, MDA-MB-231) human breast cancer cells. Additionally, we investigated the biological effects/molecular mechanism(s) underlying their growth inhibitory properties as well as their antitumour efficacies against MCF-7 and MCF-7Ca tumour xenografts in nude mice. We also assessed the effect of combining VN/14-1 and all-trans-retinoic acid (ATRA) on MCF-7 tumuor xenografts. The ER +ve cell lines were more sensitive (IC50 values between 3.0 and 609 nM) to the RAMBAs than the ER −ve MDA-MB-231 cell line (IC50=5.6–24.0 μ M). Retinoic acid metabolism blocking agents induced cell differentiation as determined by increased expression of cytokeratin 8/18 and oestrogen receptor-α (ER-α). Similar to ATRA, they also induced apoptosis via activation of caspase 9. Cell cycle analysis indicated that RAMBAs arrested cells in the G1 and G2/M phases and caused significant downregulation (>80%) of cyclin D1 protein. In vivo, the growth of MCF-7 mammary tumours was dose-dependently and significantly inhibited (92.6%, P<0.0005) by VN/14-1. The combination of VN/14-1 and ATRA also inhibited MCF-7 breast tumour growth in vivo (up to 120%) as compared with single agents (P<0.025). VN/14-1 was also very effective in preventing the formation of MCF-7Ca tumours and it significantly inhibited the growth of established MCF-7Ca tumours, being as effective as the clinically used aromatase inhibitors, anastrozole and letrozole. Decrease in cyclin D1 and upregulation of cytokeratins, Bad and Bax with VN/14-1 may be responsible for the efficacy of this compound in inhibiting breast cancer cell growth in vitro and in vivo. Our results suggest that our RAMBAs, especially VN/14-1 may be useful novel therapy for breast cancer.
Genetic Engineering of Bacteria from Managed and Natural Habitats (1989)

The genetic modification of bacteria from natural and managed habitats will impact on the management of agricultural and environmental settings. Potential applications include crop production and protection, degradation or sequestration of environmental pollutants, extraction of metals from ores, industrial fermentations, and productions of enzymes, diagnostics, and chemicals. Applications of this technology will ultimately include the release of beneficial agents in the environment. If safely deployed, genetically modified bacteria should be able to provide significant benefits in the management of environmental systems and in the development of new environmental control processes.
Expression of thymidine kinase and dihydrofolate reductase genes in mammalian ts mutants of the cell cycle. (1985)

Thymidine kinase and dihydrofolate reductase mRNA levels and enzyme activities were determined in two temperature-sensitive cell lines, tsAF8 and ts13, that growth arrest in the G1 phase of the cell cycle at the restrictive temperature. The levels of thymidine kinase mRNA and enzyme activity increased markedly in both cell lines serum stimulated from quiescence at the permissive temperature. At the nonpermissive temperature, the levels of thymidine kinase mRNA and enzyme activity remain at the low levels of quiescent G0 cells. The levels of dihydrofolate reductase mRNA as well as the enzyme activity also increase when both cell lines are serum stimulated at the permissive temperature. When ts13 cells are serum stimulated at the nonpermissive temperature dihydrofolate reductase enzyme activity declines rapidly and dihydrofolate reductase mRNA is below detectable levels. On the contrary, when tsAF8 cells are serum stimulated at the nonpermissive temperature dihydrofolate reductase enzyme activity increases and mRNA levels are detectable slightly above G0 levels, even though the cells are blocked in the G1 phase. Studies with 2 other cDNA clones (one with an insert whose expression is cell cycle dependent and the other with an insert whose expression is not cell cycle dependent) indicate that the results are not due to aspecific toxicity or the effect of temperature. We conclude that the expression of different genes is affected differently by the ts block in G1, even when these genes are all growth-related.
Transient Characteristics of Interdigitated GaAs Photoconductive Semiconductor Switch at 1-kHz Excitation (2019)

To explore the stability of gallium arsenide (GaAs) photoconductive semiconductor switches (PCSSs) with avalanche multiplication mechanism, an interdigitated electrode structure is presented at 1-kHz excitation by a femtosecond laser. The influences of optical excitation and bias electric field on switching characteristics are investigated. The transient current density and the distribution of electric field are demonstrated by the Monte Carlo simulation. The repetitive switching indicates that the avalanche multiplication mechanism could persist stably at 1-kHz repetition rate operation with this specific electrode structure.
How to generate random matrices from the classical compact groups (2007)

Since Random Matrix Theory (RMT) was introduced by Wishart [17] in 1928, it has found applications in a variety of areas of physics, pure and applied mathematics, probability, statistics, and engineering. A few examples—far from being exhaustive— include: analytic number theory, combinatorics, graph theory, multivariate statistics, nuclear physics, quantum chaos, quantum information, statistical mechanics, structural dynamics, and wireless telecommunications. The reasons for the ever growing success of RMT are mainly two. Firstly, in the limit of large matrix dimension the statistical correlations of the spectra of a family, or ensemble, of matrices are independent of the probability distribution that defines the ensemble, but depend only on the invariant properties of such a distribution. As a consequence random matrices turn out to be very accurate models for a large number of mathematical and physical problems. Secondly, RMT techniques allow analytical computations to an extent that is often impossible to achieve in the contexts that they are modelling. This predictive ability of RMT is particularly powerful whenever in the original problem there are no natural parameters to average over. Although the advantage of using RMT lies in the possibility of computing explicit mathematical and physical quantities analytically, it is sometimes necessary to resort to numerical simulations. The purpose of this article is twofold. Firstly, we provide the reader with a simple method for generating random matrices from the classical compact groups that most mathematicians—not necessarily familiar with computer programming —should Francesco Mezzadri is a Lecturer in Applied Mathematics
Immune cell trafficking from the brain maintains CNS immune tolerance (2014)

In the CNS, no pathway dedicated to immune surveillance has been characterized for preventing the anti-CNS immune responses that develop in autoimmune neuroinflammatory disease. Here, we identified a pathway for immune cells to traffic from the brain that is associated with the rostral migratory stream (RMS), which is a forebrain source of newly generated neurons. Evaluation of fluorescently labeled leukocyte migration in mice revealed that DCs travel via the RMS from the CNS to the cervical LNs (CxLNs), where they present antigen to T cells. Pharmacologic interruption of immune cell traffic with the mononuclear cell-sequestering drug fingolimod influenced anti-CNS T cell responses in the CxLNs and modulated experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) severity in a mouse model of multiple sclerosis (MS). Fingolimod treatment also induced EAE in a disease-resistant transgenic mouse strain by altering DC-mediated Treg functions in CxLNs and disrupting CNS immune tolerance. These data describe an immune cell pathway that originates in the CNS and is capable of dampening anti-CNS immune responses in the periphery. Furthermore, these data provide insight into how fingolimod treatment might exacerbate CNS neuroinflammation in some cases and suggest that focal therapeutic interventions, outside the CNS have the potential to selectively modify anti-CNS immunity.
Photon signatures for standoff bomb detection (2008)

The purpose of this research was to develop a technology to quickly identify hidden explosive materials. The developed method needs to be performed at a standoff distance of approximately two meters or more, must have high sensitivity (low false-negative rate) and good specificity (low false-positive rate), and should be able to detect a minimum amount of approximately one gallon (15 lbs) of explosive material. In an effort to meet these goals, a template-matching procedure to aid in the rapid detection of hidden improvised explosive devices was investigated. Multiple photon-scattered responses are being used as a part of a multidimensional signature-based radiation scanning (SBRS) approach in an attempt to detect chemical explosives at safe, standoff distances. The SBRS approach utilizes both neutron and photon interrogation to determine if a target contains explosive material, but the focus of this thesis is on photon interrogation. Beams of photons are used to create back-streamed responses called signatures, which are dependent on the density and the composition of the target. These signatures
Trust in News Media (2007)

The dimensions that individuals apply in evaluating the trustworthiness or credibility of news media bear great theoretical and practical relevance. In previous research, however, there is no standardized scale for the measurement of trust in news media. Thus, the purpose of this article is to present the development and validation of a multidimensional scale of trust in news media. A theoretically derived model is tested on a representative sample via confirmatory factor analysis. After some modifications, the model is then validated on another independent sample. These results confirm the hypothesis that trust in news media can be considered a hierarchical factor (of second order) that consists of four lower order factors, including trust in the selectivity of topics, trust in the selectivity of facts, trust in the accuracy of depictions, and trust in journalistic assessment. This model is the first validated scale of trust in news media in communication research.
Hypoxic inducible factor 1α, extracellular signal-regulated kinase, and p53 are regulated by distinct threshold concentrations of nitric oxide (2004)

NO produced in tumors can either positively or negatively regulate growth. To examine this dichotomy, effects of NO concentration and duration on the posttranslational regulation of several key proteins were examined in human breast MCF7 cells under aerobic conditions. We found that different concentration thresholds of NO appear to elicit a discrete set of signal transduction pathways. At low steady-state concentrations of NO (<50 nM), extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) phosphorylation was induced via a guanylate cyclase-dependent mechanism. Hypoxic inducible factor 1alpha (HIF-1alpha) accumulation was associated with an intermediate amount of NO (>100 nM), whereas p53 serine 15 phosphorylation occurred at considerably higher levels (>300 nM). ERK phosphorylation was transient during NO exposure. HIF-1alpha stabilization paralleled the presence of NO, whereas p53 serine 15 phosphorylation was detected during, and persisted after, NO exposure. The dose-dependent effects of synthetic NO donors were mimicked by activated macrophages cocultured with MCF7 cells at varying ratios. ERK and HIF-1alpha activation was similar in breast cancer cell lines either mutant (MB231) or null (MB157) in p53. The stabilization of HIF-1alpha by NO was not observed with increased MCF7 cell density, demonstrating the interrelationship between NO and O(2) consumption. The findings show that concentration and duration of NO exposure are critical determinants in the regulation of tumor-related proteins.
Session 3 overview: Ultra-high-speed wireline transceivers and energy-efficient links (2016)

Smart phones and their social apps are key drivers for the growth of the internet and, more generally, of big data infrastructure. The ever-increasing demands placed on this infrastructure, in turn, spurs the insatiable need for data communication bandwidth between chips. In this context, wireline transceivers that push the limits imposed by process technology - in terms of data rate, energy efficiency, and area - are extremely critical. This session introduces 2 ADC-based receivers operating at or beyond 25Gb/s for multi-standard support. It continues with a presentation of a 25Gb/s equalizer for cable-dominated channels with up to 50dB of half-baud loss. Two papers addressing different approaches for high-data-rate, short-reach communication are presented next, including an NRZ/PAM-4 Ethernet ADC-based transceiver and a 56Gb/s per lane NRZ transceiver. Finally, the session concludes with two papers describing critical components for I/O solutions at per-lane rates at or beyond 45Gb/s, including a power-efficient 45Gb/s PAM-4 transmitter and a 64Gb/s NRZ transmitter for CDE-56-VSR/MR applications, the latter implemented in 16nm finFET.
Search based Video Recommendations (2013)

In this paper, we present a search powered approach we have used in building a Video Recommendations Engine for Yahoo hosted videos and Yahoo Video Search. The aim is to increase user engagement by recommending related videos and hence increase revenue by being able to show more advertisements as the user keeps consuming more videos. This system accepts an input context which provides information about the user and the video consumed and returns a set of related videos as recommended. We look at this problem as a multi-faceted problem since the intent of the user at a particular point in time cannot be known deterministically. So we generate the candidate set of recommendations using an ensemble of algorithms and available search signals. We discuss these algorithms and mechanisms for retrieving related videos in details along with an explore-exploit strategy to learn a near optimal ranking of the candidate recommendations, and provide the performance results. This system has been able to increase the number of video plays at Yahoo by 66%.
Principal component analysis with pre-normalization improves the signal-to-noise ratio and image quality in positron emission tomography studies of amyloid deposits in Alzheimer's disease (2009)

This study introduces a new approach for the application of principal component analysis (PCA) with pre-normalization on dynamic positron emission tomography (PET) images. These images are generated using the amyloid imaging agent N-methyl [(11)C]2-(4'-methylaminophenyl)-6-hydroxy-benzothiazole ([(11)C]PIB) in patients with Alzheimer's disease (AD) and healthy volunteers (HVs). The aim was to introduce a method which, by using the whole dataset and without assuming a specific kinetic model, could generate images with improved signal-to-noise and detect, extract and illustrate changes in kinetic behavior between different regions in the brain. Eight AD patients and eight HVs from a previously published study with [(11)C]PIB were used. The approach includes enhancement of brain regions where the kinetics of the radiotracer are different from what is seen in the reference region, pre-normalization for differences in noise levels and removal of negative values. This is followed by slice-wise application of PCA (SW-PCA) on the dynamic PET images. Results obtained using the new approach were compared with results obtained using reference Patlak and summed images. The new approach generated images with good quality in which cortical brain regions in AD patients showed high uptake, compared to cerebellum and white matter. Cortical structures in HVs showed low uptake as expected and in good agreement with data generated using kinetic modeling. The introduced approach generated images with enhanced contrast and improved signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) and discrimination power (DP) compared to summed images and parametric images. This method is expected to be an important clinical tool in the diagnosis and differential diagnosis of dementia.
Dilute Acid Pretreatment of Softwoods Scientific Note (1998)

Selective thinning of forests in the western United States will generate a large, sustainable quantity of softwood residues that can be an attractive feedstock for fuel ethanol production. The major species available from thinning of forests in northern California and the eastern Rocky Mountains include white fir (Abies concolor), Douglas fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii), and Ponderosa pine (Pinus ponderosa). Douglas fir chips were soaked in 0.4% sulfuric acid solution, then pretreated with steam at 200-230°C for 1-5 min. After pretreatment, 90-95% of the hemicellulose and as much as 20% of the cellulose was solubilized in water, and 90% of the remaining cellulose can be hydrolyzed to glucose by cellulase enzyme. The prehydrolysates, at as high as 10% total solid concentration, can be readily fermented by the unadapted yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae D5A.
Method of color interpolation in a single sensor color camera using green channel separation (2002)

This paper presents a color interpolation algorithm for a single sensor color camera. The proposed algorithm is especially designed to solve the problem of pixel crosstalk among the pixels of different color channels. Interchannel cross-talk gives rise to blocking effects on the interpolated green plane, and also spreading of false colors into detailed structures. The proposed algorithm separates the green channel into two planes, one highly correlated with the red channel and the other with the blue channel. These separate planes are used for red and blue channel interpolation. Experiments conducted on McBeth color chart and natural images have shown that the proposed algorithm can eliminate or suppress blocking and color artifacts to produce better quality images.