gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Effect of hypericin-mediated photodynamic therapy on the expression of vascular endothelial growth factor in human nasopharyngeal carcinoma (2007)

Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is currently being used as an alternative treatment modality for various types of cancers. PDT involves the selective uptake and retention of a photosensitizer in the tumor followed by light irradiation of an appropriate wavelength to cause the destruction of tumor cells by the formation of cytotoxic reactive oxygen species. The photosensitizer, hypericin, has shown great potential due to its light-dependent tumor destructive properties. However, as hypericin-mediated PDT primarily targets tumor vasculature, it induces certain pro-angiogenic factors such as vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) in the tumor tissue as a result of hypoxia. This study examines the role of hypericin-mediated photodynamic therapy in stimulating the expression of key angiogenesis growth factor VEGF in order to elucidate the process of tumor angiogenesis in nasopharyngeal carcinoma xenografts. We also investigated the effect of angiogenesis inhibitor celebrex on human VEGF levels when combined with hypericin-PDT. These studies were conducted on an in vivo human nasopharyngeal xenograft model. VEGF was measured in the control and hypericin-PDT treated tumors. VEGF levels were found to be higher when the tumors were treated at a 1-h drug-light interval compared to a 6-h interval, due to extensive vascular damage. At 72 h post hypericin-PDT, VEGF levels were upregulated indicating the initiation of regrowth in tumors. The use of angiogenesis inhibitor, celebrex, along with hypericin-PDT downregulated the human VEGF levels suggesting that angiogenesis inhibitors can be used to improve the outcome of hypericin-PDT in nasopharyngeal carcinomas.
Recovery of Gallium From Coal Fly Ash By a Dual Reactive Extraction Process (1997)

The extraction of gallium from coal fly ash by leaching and extraction with commercial extractants Amberlite LA-2 and LIX 54N dissolved in kerosene was studied. Leaching of gallium and other metals from the fly ash was carried out with 6 M hydrochloric acid. The leaching liquor is first contacted with Amberlite LA-2 which extracts the gallium and iron. The iron is then precipitated with sodium hydroxide, while gallium remains in solution. Gallium is extracted selectively from the base solution with LIX 54; the resulting stripped solution contains 83% of the gallium present in the leaching liquor. A flow diagram for this dual-extraction process is proposed. © 1997 ISWA
Volatile Components and Aroma Active Compounds in Aqueous Essence and Fresh Pink Guava Fruit Puree (<i>Psidium guajava </i>L.) by GC-MS and Multidimensional GC/GC-O (2003)

Characterization of the aromatic profile in commercial guava essence and fresh fruit puree by GC-MS yielded a total of 51 components quantified. Commercial essence was characterized to present a volatile profile rich in components with low molecular weight, especially alcohols, esters, and aldehydes, whereas in the fresh fruit puree terpenic hydrocarbons and 3-hydroxy-2-butanone were the most abundant components. In the olfactometric analyses totals of 43 and 48 aroma active components were detected by the panelists in commercial essence and fruit puree, respectively. New components were described for the first time as active aromatic constituents in pink guava fruit (3-penten-2-ol and 2-butenyl acetate). Principal differences between the aroma of the commercial guava essence and the fresh fruit puree could be related to acetic acid, 3-hydroxy-2-butanone, 3-methyl-1-butanol, 2,3-butanediol, 3-methylbutanoic acid, (Z)-3-hexen-1-ol, 6-methyl-5-hepten-2-one, limonene, octanol, ethyl octanoate, 3-phenylpropanol, cinnamyl alcohol, alpha-copaene, and an unknown component. (E)-2-Hexenal seems to be more significant to the aroma of the commercial essence than of the fresh fruit puree.
Management of sedation in mechanically ventilated patients (2004)

Many patients in the ICU receive mechanical ventilation and will require sedative medications. A frequently overlooked cause of agitation in the ventilated patient is pain, and assessing the adequacy of analgesia is an important part of the continuous assessment of a patient. The goal of sedation is to provide relief while minimizing the development of drug dependency and oversedation. Careful monitoring with bedside scoring systems, the appropriate use of medications, and a strategy of daily interruption can lead to diminished time on the ventilator and in the ICU.
MaizeRouter: engineering an effective global router (2008)

In this paper, we present MaizeRouter, winner of the inaugural Global Routing Contest hosted at ISPD 2007. MaizeRouter reflects a significant leap in progress over existing publicly-available routing tools, and abandons popular algorithms such as multicommodity flow-based techniques, ILP formulations, and congestion-driven Steiner tree generation. Instead, the foundation of our algorithm draws upon simple yet powerful edge-based operations, including extreme edge shifting, a technique aimed primarily at the efficient reduction of routing congestion, and edge retraction, a counterpart to extreme edge shifting that serves to reduce unnecessary wirelength. These algorithmic contributions are built upon a framework of interdependent net decomposition, a representation that improves upon traditional two-pin net decomposition by preventing duplication of routing resources while enabling cheap and incremental topological reconstruction. A maintenance mechanism, named garbage collection, is introduced to eliminate leftover routing segments. Collectively, these operations permit a broad search space that previous algorithms have been unable to achieve, resulting in solutions of considerably higher quality than those of well-established routers.
Bubble forming media for optical recording: a new approach (1981)

Optical recording media are described which provide a carrier to noise ratio exceeding 55 dB, recorded using only 4-mW incident power at 10 MHz, yet exhibiting archival stability. In these media, refractory materials form the top layer of trilayer absorbing structures. Upon exposure to highly focused laser beams, bubbles or protuberances are formed, as the top layer bulges due to gas pressure from beneath.
Graphic questions, graphic answers (2011)

One of the main problems of a subject of drawing on e-learning system is the evaluation of the results. Existing platforms are designed for written exercises, not graphic. This article explains the development of a model of graphical exam on-line, opening the way to fully graphic exams.
Analyzing Enterprise Architecture in National Governments: The Cases of Denmark and the Netherlands (2007)

National enterprise architectures (NEA) promise to fill the gap between policy and implementation. NEAs are embedded within an institutional environment consisting of active players capable of responding strategically and innovatively to architectural initiatives, which might complicate NEA adoption. In this paper we analyze the efforts of two European national governments in developing enterprise architecture. Grounded in institutional theory and practice we develop an analytical framework and use this framework to analyze the efforts of two countries, Denmark and the Netherlands. Our framework and analysis draws the attention to the need to take a broader perspective on enterprise architecture, especially governance aspects determine the adoption and diffusion of NEA
COTS-Based Stick-On Electricity Meters for Building Submetering (2014)

We demonstrate a low-cost, 19 mm × 12 mm prototype peel-and-stick electricity meter (PASEM) PCB to replace traditional in-circuit-breaker-panel current and voltage sensors for building submetering. The PASEM sensors are installed on the external face of circuit breakers to generate voltage and current signals at a 1920 Hz sample rate. This allows for the computation of real and apparent power as well as capturing harmonics created by nonlinear loads. The prototype sensor is built using commercially available components, resulting in a component cost of under $10 per PASEM in moderate quantities. With no high-voltage install work requiring an electrician, this leads to an installed system cost that is roughly ten times lower than traditional submetering technology. Measurement results from lab characterization as well as a real-world residential dwelling installation are presented, verifying the operation of our proposed PASEM sensor. The PASEM sensor can resolve breaker power levels below 10 W and consumes ~16 mA from a 5 V supply.
Privacy-preserving Machine Learning as a Service (2018)

Abstract Machine learning algorithms based on deep Neural Networks (NN) have achieved remarkable results and are being extensively used in different domains. On the other hand, with increasing growth of cloud services, several Machine Learning as a Service (MLaaS) are offered where training and deploying machine learning models are performed on cloud providers’ infrastructure. However, machine learning algorithms require access to the raw data which is often privacy sensitive and can create potential security and privacy risks. To address this issue, we present CryptoDL, a framework that develops new techniques to provide solutions for applying deep neural network algorithms to encrypted data. In this paper, we provide the theoretical foundation for implementing deep neural network algorithms in encrypted domain and develop techniques to adopt neural networks within practical limitations of current homomorphic encryption schemes. We show that it is feasible and practical to train neural networks using encrypted data and to make encrypted predictions, and also return the predictions in an encrypted form. We demonstrate applicability of the proposed CryptoDL using a large number of datasets and evaluate its performance. The empirical results show that it provides accurate privacy-preserving training and classification.
Lower cardiorespiratory fitness contributes to increased insulin resistance and fasting glycaemia in middle-aged South Asian compared with European men living in the UK (2013)

Lower cardiorespiratory fitness is a key factor associated with the excess insulin resistance and fasting glycaemia in middle-aged South Asian, compared with European, men living in the UK.
Phased-MIMO Radar With Frequency Diversity for Range-Dependent Beamforming (2012)

Phased-multiple-input and multiple-output (MIMO) radar is a flexible technique which enjoys the advantages of MIMO radar without sacrificing the main advantage of phased-array radar. However, the phased-MIMO radar is limited to range-independent directivity; this limits the radar performance to mitigate non-desirable range-dependent interferences. In this paper, we propose a new phased-MIMO radar with frequency diversity for range-dependent beamforming. The essence of the proposed technique is to divide the frequency diverse array transmit array into multiple subarrays, each subarray coherently transmits a distinct waveform with a small frequency increment across the array elements. Each subarray forms a directional beam and all beams are independently steerable by tuning the frequency increment. The subarrays jointly offer flexible operating modes and range-dependent beamforming. The beamforming performance as compared to phased-MIMO radar is examined by analyzing the transmit-receive beampatterns and the output signal-to-interference-plus-noise ratio. The effectiveness of the proposed technique is verified by numerical simulation results.
Speaker Diarization Exploiting the Eigengap Criterion and Cluster Ensembles (2010)

<para xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> A novel system for speaker diarization is proposed that combines the eigengap criterion and cluster ensembles. No explicit assumptions on the number of speakers are made. Two variants of the system are developed. The first variant does not cluster the speech segments that are detected as outliers, while the second one does. The aforementioned system variants are assessed with respect to various metrics, such as the overall classification error, the average cluster purity, and the average speaker purity. Experiments are conducted on two-person dialogue scenes in movies as well as on news broadcasts from MDE RT-03 Training Data Speech Corpus released by the U.S. National Institute of Standards and Technology. In the latter case, the diarization error rate is also reported. It is demonstrated that the clustering performance does not degrade when outliers are present. Moreover, thanks to the eigengap criterion, the evaluation metrics are improved. </para>
The formalin test: a validation of the weighted-scores method of behavioural pain rating (1993)

The formalin test was developed using an ordinal scale of weighted scores to rate the intensity of pain-related behaviours in animals. However, no studies have been carried out to establish the ordinal relationship of the behavioural categories used to generate the weighted pain intensity scores. The purpose of the present study was to evaluate the validity of the weighted-scores technique by assessing the ordinality of the behavioural categories associated with the specific category weights. The amount of time spent in each of 4 behavioural categories was measured as a function of the concentration of the formalin solution injected into the hindpaw of rats, and as a function of the dose of systemic morphine given to rats injected with a concentrated (5.0%) solution of formalin. The ordinal nature of the category weights was supported when the data were subjected to a polychotomous logistic regression for fitting an ordinal model.
Surface wave sensors based on nanometric layers of strongly absorbing materials (2012)

We demonstrate the excitation of guided modes in thin layers of strongly absorbing chalcogenide glasses. These modes are similar to surface plasmon polaritons in terms of resonance width and shift with changes in the permittivity of the surrounding medium. We exploit these characteristics to demonstrate a high sensitivity chalcogenide glass refractive index sensor that outperforms gold surface plasmon resonance sensors at short wavelengths in the visible. This demonstration opens a new range of possibilities for sensing using different materials.
Enhancement of natural killer cell effector functions against selected lymphoma and leukemia cell lines by dasatinib (2012)

As NK cell immunotherapy is still poorly successful, combinations with drugs enhancing NK cell activity are of major interest. NK large granular lymphocyte expansions associated with improved survival have been described under monotherapy with the Bcr-Abl/Src inhibitor dasatinib, which inhibits NK cell functions in vitro. As Src kinases play a major role in inhibitory and activating signaling pathways of NK cells, both outcomes appear plausible. To clarify these contradictory observations and potentially enable the use of dasatinib as adjuvant, we analyzed how clinically relevant doses promote NK cell effector functions. Polyclonal human NK cells were studied ex vivo. Functional outcomes assessed included conjugate formation, calcium flux, receptor regulation, cytokine production, degranulation, cytotoxicity, apoptosis induction and signal transduction. While dasatinib inhibits NK cell effector functions during functional assays, 24 hr pretreatment of NK cells followed by washout of dasatinib, led to dose-dependent enhancement of cytokine production, degranulation marker expression and cytotoxicity against selected lymphoma and leukemia cell lines. Mechanistically, this was neither due to an altered viability of NK cells nor increased NKG2D, LFA-1 or conjugate formation with target cells. Receptor proximal signaling events were inhibited. However, a slight time dependent enhancement of Vav phosphorylation was observed under certain circumstances. The shift in Vav phosphorylation level may be one major mechanism for NK cell activity enhancement induced by dasatinib. Our findings argue for a careful timing and dosing of dasatinib application during leukemia/lymphoma treatment to enhance NK cell immunotherapeutic efforts.
New Natural Product Isolation and Comparison of the Secondary Metabolite Content of Three Distinct Samples of the Sea Hare <i>Aplysia </i><i>d</i><i>actylomela</i> from Tenerife (2000)

Three distinct samples of the sea hare Aplysia dactylomela from two different locations around Tenerife (Spain) were investigated for their secondary metabolite content. The investigation resulted in the isolation of five new natural products (1, 2, 5-7), a number of compounds known from red algae of the genera Laurencia (4, 8-14) and Plocamium (17-19), and three known sea-hare metabolites (3, 15, 16). This is the first report of monoterpenes (17-19) from A. dactylomela. All structures were determined mainly by spectroscopic methods (1D and 2D NMR, MS, IR). Compounds 11, 14, 15, and 17 demonstrated significant cytotoxicity toward three cancer cell lines (HM02, HEP G2, and MCF 7; IC(50) for 11, 7.0 to <1.0 microg/mL; 14, <1.0 microg/mL; 15, 17 to <1.0 microg/mL; 17, 1.0 to 1.5 microg/mL). Compounds 3, 8, 9, 11, 15, 18, and 19 exhibited activity in a brine shrimp bioassay in the range of 100% lethality within 24 h to 40% after 48 h. Metabolites 11, 14, 15, and 19 showed moderate antimicrobial activities (2-25 mm total/growth inhibition of several organisms), with 19 also being strongly algicidal (MIC 7-11 microg/filter disk).
Identification and characterization of stem cell secretome-based recombinant proteins for wound healing applications (2022)

Stem cells have been introduced as a promising therapy for acute and chronic wounds, including burn injuries. The effects of stem cell-based wound therapies are believed to result from the secreted bioactive molecules produced by stem cells. Therefore, treatments using stem cell-derived conditioned medium (CM) (referred to as secretome) have been proposed as an alternative option for wound care. However, safety and regulatory concerns exist due to the uncharacterized biochemical content and variability across different batches of CM samples. This study presents an alternative treatment strategy to mitigate these concerns by using fully characterized recombinant proteins identified by the CM analysis to promote pro-regenerative healing. This study analyzed the secretome profile generated from human placental stem cell (hPSC) cultures and identified nine predominantly expressed proteins (ANG-1, FGF-7, Follistatin, HGF, IL-6, Insulin, TGFβ-1, uPAR, and VEGF) that are known to contribute to wound healing and angiogenesis. These proteins, referred to as s (CMFs), were used in combination to test the effects on human dermal fibroblasts (HDFs). Our results showed that CMF treatment increased the HDF growth and accelerated cell migration and wound closure, similar to stem cell and CM treatments. In addition, the CMF treatment promoted angiogenesis by enhancing new vessel formation. These findings suggest that the defined CMF identified by the CM proteomic analysis could be an effective therapeutic solution for wound healing applications. Our strategy eliminates the regulatory concerns present with stem cell-derived secretomes and could be developed as an off-the-shelf product for immediate wound care and accelerating healing.
Abstract 15555: Potential Cure for Hypertension? The Effect of Crispr Genome Editing (2020)

Hypertension is recognized as one of the largest contributors to the global burden of disease. Unfortunately, for the majority of patients, hypertension is poorly controlled due, in part, to poor medical compliance resulting from the need to take one or more drugs, often several times daily. An ideal therapy would be administered a single time but yield long-term blood pressure control. Under the appropriate condition, we hypothesize that this modality could potentially lead to a cure for hypertension. In this study, we investigated whether that sustained, and possibly life-long, reductions in blood pressure could be achieved via Crispr-Cas9 mediated disruption of a key gene in the RAAS, Angiotensinogen (AGT). In vitro, we demonstrated that expression of Crispr-Cas9 system in the BRL 3A rat liver cell line led to a significant reduction in AGT protein levels (75% reduction, N=3, P<0.01). Delivery of the Crispr-Cas9 system into the liver via systemic delivery of the hepatocyte-targeting AAV8 reduced both AGT mRNA (70% reduction, N=5, P<0.01) and circulating AGT protein (50% reduction, N=5, P<0.01) and Ang II levels (33% reduction, n=5, P<0.01). In the SHR model of hypertension, Crispr-Cas9 mediated loss of AGT expression reduced systolic blood pressure in adult animals with established hypertension (30-35mmHg decrease in both females and males, N=12, P<0.001). Importantly, AGT gene disruption also prevented the spontaneous development of hypertension in young pre-hypertensive SHR (SHR control: 55-60mmHg increase in systolic blood pressure both female and male SHR; SHR plus Crispr-Cas9: 30-33 mmHg increase. N=12. P<0.001). Importantly, in all the models studied, reductions in blood pressure were sustained for at least 4 months. Importantly, the partial disruption of the hepatic AGT gene was sufficient to control hypertension but did not block the renin-angiotensin response to cardiovascular stress such as sodium depletion. In summary, we have demonstrated that targeting the Crispr-Cas9 system to RAAS reduces blood pressure and may be a potential therapy to achieve safe and sustained, possibly life-long, control of hypertension and this approach maybe a cure for hypertension.
ScalaSEM: Scalable validation of SDN design with deployable code (2015)

Software Defined Networking (SDN) has been emerging to be a new paradigm of datacenter network architecture. As SDN in the datacenter environment continues to grow in scale and complexity, one of the challenges to the SDN researchers and developers is to verify a SDN design before deployment. Although there are several existing tools developed with the goal to fill this need, they are unfortunately either lacking the seamless porting ability from a simulated environment to a real deployment (simulation-based approach) or suffering from the scalability issue (emulation-based approach). In this paper, we propose ScalaSEM, a system leveraging the advantages of both simulation and emulation methods to valid the SDN design. ScalaSEM establishes a high-fidelity environment with the real-world OpenFlow-based communication channel and abstracts networks with higher yet accurate-enough level. Through two usage scenarios and the comparison with the state-of-the-art solutions, we demonstrate that ScalaSEM provides the validating solution to the SDN design which can scale to the network with the scale of tens of thousands hosts and thousands of machines, and imposes no necessary to modify the implementation of the SDN design to move between validation and deployment environment.
Curling spin density and orbital structures in a magnetic vortex core of an Fe quantum dot (2003)

First results of the spin and orbital structures in the vortex core of an Fe dot obtained using highly precise first principles calculations that include intra-atomic noncollinear magnetism are reported. We demonstrate that a curling magnetic structure is stabilized within a 4 nm radius dot as inferred from spin-polarized scanning tunneling microscopy experiments in which the spin directions close to the center of the dot turn up along the perpendicular orientation to the curling plane---and also predict a complicated curling intra-atomic noncollinear magnetism near the center in which the spin moments continuously cant in circular directions on a smaller length scale inside the atoms. Importantly, these rotation properties in the spin density couple to the orbital motion and induce orbital moments oriented perpendicular to the curling plane, which is a first prediction of quantum phenomena induced in the nanoscale vortex core.