gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Route-Aware Handover Enhancement for Drones in Cellular Networks (2019)

The support of unmanned aerial vehicles, also known as drones, in cellular networks has become very important to enable a wide range of new applications for the next generation wireless systems. However, the cellular networks have been traditionally designed to serve terrestrial users, and thus are encountering many challenges to support drone wireless communication. Particularly, drones experience increased interference and channel fluctuation and consequently suffer more frequent handover, higher handover failure rate and ping-pong rate while in motion. In this paper, we propose enhanced mobility management for drones by exploiting their pre-configured flight path information. Our route-aware handover algorithm will instruct the base station to trigger the handover procedure to minimize handover failure and reduce unnecessary handover. We further provide a practical implementation where the network can make online decisions under realistic modeling assumptions. Based on 3GPP-compliant handover evaluation methodology, we demonstrate that our algorithm can effectively reduce the number of handover and handover failure by upto 32× and 24×, respectively, compared to the existing approach. This significantly reduces handover signalling overhead and service interruption time. The simulation results also show that our algorithm can completely eliminate ping-pong effect in certain cases.
Discriminative training of multi-state barge-in models (2007)

A barge-in system designed to reflect the design of the acoustic model used in commercial applications has been built and evaluated. It uses standard hidden Markov model structures, cepstral features and multiple hidden Markov models for both the speech and non-speech parts of the model. It is tested on a large number of real-world databases using noisy speech onset positions which were determined by forced alignment of lexical transcriptions with the recognition model. The ML trained model achieves low false rejection rates at the expense of high false acceptance rates. The discriminative training using the modified algorithm based on the maximum mutual information criterion reduces the false acceptance rates by a half, while preserving the low false rejection rates. Combining an energy based voice activity detector with the hidden Markov model based barge-in models achieves the best performance.
Sandbox Prefetching: Safe run-time evaluation of aggressive prefetchers (2014)

Memory latency is a major factor in limiting CPU performance, and prefetching is a well-known method for hiding memory latency. Overly aggressive prefetching can waste scarce resources such as memory bandwidth and cache capacity, limiting or even hurting performance. It is therefore important to employ prefetching mechanisms that use these resources prudently, while still prefetching required data in a timely manner. In this work, we propose a new mechanism to determine at run-time the appropriate prefetching mechanism for the currently executing program, called Sandbox Prefetching. Sandbox Prefetching evaluates simple, aggressive offset prefetchers at run-time by adding the prefetch address to a Bloom filter, rather than actually fetching the data into the cache. Subsequent cache accesses are tested against the contents of the Bloom filter to see if the aggressive prefetcher under evaluation could have accurately prefetched the data, while simultaneously testing for the existence of prefetchable streams. Real prefetches are performed when the accuracy of evaluated prefetchers exceeds a threshold. This method combines the ideas of global pattern confirmation and immediate prefetching action to achieve high performance. Sandbox Prefetching improves performance across the tested workloads by 47.6% compared to not using any prefetching, and by 18.7% compared to the Feedback Directed Prefetching technique. Performance is also improved by 1.4% compared to the Access Map Pattern Matching Prefetcher, while incurring considerably less logic and storage overheads.
Single molecule studies of quantum dot conjugates in a submicrometer fluidic channel (2005)

A microfluidic and optical system was created for the detection and analysis of single molecules in solution. Fluidic channels with submicrometer dimensions were used to isolate, detect and identify individual quantum dots conjugated with organic fluorophores. The channels were fabricated in fused silica with a 500 nm square cross section. The resulting focal volume of approximately 500 aL reduced fluorescent background and increased the signal to noise ratio of single molecule detection. The channels also enabled the rapid detection of 99% of quantum dots and organic fluorophores traversing the focal volume. Conjugates were driven through the channels electrokinetically at 2.3 kV cm(-1), excited with a single 476 nm wavelength laser and detected with a confocal microscope. Fluorescence emission was collected simultaneously from green (500-590 nm) and red (610-680 nm) regions of the spectrum. Signal rejection was minimized by the narrow and symmetric emission spectra of the quantum dots. To demonstrate efficient multicolor detection and characterization of single molecule binding, Qdot 655 Streptavidin Conjugates were bound to Alexa Fluor 488 molecules and individually detected. Photon counting histogram analysis was used to quantify coincident detection and degree of binding. Fluorescence correlation spectroscopy was used to measure the mobility of bound and unbound species. The union of fluidic channels with submicrometer dimensions and quantum dots as fluorescent labels resulted in efficient and rapid multiplexed single molecule detection and analysis.
Wearable Electronics: High‐Resolution Patterning and Transferring of Graphene‐Based Nanomaterials onto Tape toward Roll‐to‐Roll Production of Tape‐Based Wearable Sensors (Adv. Mater. Technol. 12/2017) (2017)

In article number 1700223, Liang Dong and co-workers present a graphene patterning and transferring method to manufacture low-cost, installation-free, wearable electronic sensors on adhesive tapes. The minimum feature size of the transferred graphene patterns is in the order of a few micrometers. Smart gloves are demonstrated to monitor human body motion. Wearable leaf sensors are realized to monitor plant transpiration process and water status.
36.3: An Organic Light‐Emitting Diode with Highly Efficient Light Extraction Using Newly Developed Diffraction Layer (2008)

Abstract In order to improve light extraction from an organic light emitting diode (OLED), a novel structure of a top emission OLED was proposed by applying the diffraction layer. We have achieved 1.65 times higher light extraction efficiency in case of electroluminescence (EL), and 2.37 times in case of photoluminescence (PL).
Genetic engineering of an industrial strain of Saccharopolyspora erythraea for stable expression of the Vitreoscilla haemoglobin gene (vhb) (1998)

Several Actinomycetes/Streptomycetes expression vectors are described for expression of the Vitreoscilla haemoglobin gene (vhb) in an industrial erythromycin-producing strain of Saccharopolyspora erythraea. Cloning of vhb under the control of either the thiostrepton-inducible PtipA promoter or the constitutive PermE* promoter led to the production of chemically active haemoglobin (VHb) in Streptomyces lividans TK24 transformed with these constructs. However, theplasmids could not be transformed into Sac. erythraea. Transformants of Sac. erythraea and/or exconjugants were obtained using a novel Escherichia coli/Streptomyces shuttle vector comprised of vhb under the control of the PermE* promoter, the Streptomyces plasmid pIJ350 origin of replication, the thiostrepton-resistance gene (tsr) for selection, and the oriT region which is necessary for conjugal transfer. Increased plasmid stability in Sac. erythraea was obtained by construction of a vector for chromosomal integration. This vector contained the Streptomyces phage phi C31 attachment site for chromosomal integration and vhb expressed under the PmerR promoter and was stably maintained in the chromosome of Sac. erythraea. Shake-flask cultivations of the transformed Sac. erythraea strain with the chromosomally integrated vhb gene show that vhb is expressed in an active form. The corresponding amount of erythromycin produced in the vhb-expressing strain was approximately 60% higher relative to the original VHb-negative strain.
Comparative Performance Characteristics of Current Transformers and Rogowski Coils used for Protective Relaying Purposes (2007)

This paper compares performance characteristics of conventional current transformers and Rogowski coils used for protective relaying purposes. Rogowski coils have low-power outputs. They are linear (do not saturate like conventional iron- core current transformers), are compact in size, and light in weight. This paper describes current technology and application for Rogowski coils, which serve in the role of current transformers for measuring power system currents for protective relaying or other measurement purposes. A forthcoming guide PC37.235 from the IEEE PSRC will give detailed information and help for users.
Nondegenerate mirrorless oscillation in silicon waveguide (2011)

We propose nondegenerate four-wave mixing mirrorless oscillation in a multimode silicon nonlinear waveguide. Thanks to the large modal dispersion between two spatial modes caused by the high-index-contrast waveguide structure, two counterpropagating pumps of one spatial mode can generate two new optical waves of the other spatial mode at different frequencies. The phase-matching condition can be satisfied with the higher-order modes involved; therefore, frequencies of the newly generated light can be tuned by simply changing the pump frequency. The threshold power and conversion efficiency of the proposed mirrorless oscillation are investigated under different waveguide parameters.
Efficacious treatment of alcoholic steatosis by a pharmaceutical composition comprising metadoxine and garlic oil (2008)

Alcoholic steatosis is the earliest and common response to heavy alcohol intake, and may precede severe forms of liver injury. As an effort to develop an efficacious pharmaceutical composition, this study evaluated the effects of metadoxine, garlic oil or their combination on alcoholic steatosis. Feeding rats an alcohol‐containing diet for 4 weeks increased hepatic triglyceride content with CYP2E1 induction. Concurrent administration of metadoxine and garlic oil (MG, 1:1 w/w ratio) to rats synergistically abrogated both fat accumulation and CYP2E1 induction compared to the individual treatment. Histopathology confirmed the ability of MG combination to inhibit lipid accumulation. Blood biochemistry verified improvement of liver function in MG‐treated rats. Alcohol administration resulted in decreases in the AMPKα and ΑCC phosphorylations, which was restored by MG treatments. Hepatic fatty acid synthase (FAS) expression was decreased after alcohol consumption, which correlated with a decrease in AMPK activity and a commensurate increase in lipid content. Combined MG treatments allowed FAS expression restored. These results demonstrate that a pharmaceutical composition comprising MG effectively treats alcoholic steatosis, which may be associated with CYP2E1 repression and recovery of AMPK activity, promising pharmaceutical therapy for alcoholic steatosis. Supported by a contract fund from the Seoul R&BD Program (2005–2010).
The use of calcium hydroxide pretreatment to overcome agglomeration of technical lignin during fast pyrolysis (2015)

Technical lignin extracted from lignocellulosic biomass melts and agglomerates when heated, making its thermal processing problematic and impeding this pathway to low-cost renewable aromatics.
A Novel High Conductivity Mixed Proton and Carbonate-Ion Conductor (MPCC) (2011)

Abstract not Available.
Cladding pumped Q-switched fiber laser using a tapered fiber saturable absorber (2013)

We report a passively Q-switched all-fiber laser using a large mode area Yb3+-doped fiber cladding-pumped at 915 nm and an unpumped single-mode Yb3+-doped saturable absorber fiber. 60 µJ 80 ns pulses at 1030 nm are reported.
Automated Movement Correction for Dynamic PET/CT Images: Evaluation with Phantom and Patient Data (2014)

Head movement during a dynamic brain PET/CT imaging results in mismatch between CT and dynamic PET images. It can cause artifacts in CT-based attenuation corrected PET images, thus affecting both the qualitative and quantitative aspects of the dynamic PET images and the derived parametric images. In this study, we developed an automated retrospective image-based movement correction (MC) procedure. The MC method first registered the CT image to each dynamic PET frames, then re-reconstructed the PET frames with CT-based attenuation correction, and finally re-aligned all the PET frames to the same position. We evaluated the MC method's performance on the Hoffman phantom and dynamic FDDNP and FDG PET/CT images of patients with neurodegenerative disease or with poor compliance. Dynamic FDDNP PET/CT images (65 min) were obtained from 12 patients and dynamic FDG PET/CT images (60 min) were obtained from 6 patients. Logan analysis with cerebellum as the reference region was used to generate regional distribution volume ratio (DVR) for FDDNP scan before and after MC. For FDG studies, the image derived input function was used to generate parametric image of FDG uptake constant (Ki) before and after MC. Phantom study showed high accuracy of registration between PET and CT and improved PET images after MC. In patient study, head movement was observed in all subjects, especially in late PET frames with an average displacement of 6.92 mm. The z-direction translation (average maximum = 5.32 mm) and x-axis rotation (average maximum = 5.19 degrees) occurred most frequently. Image artifacts were significantly diminished after MC. There were significant differences (P<0.05) in the FDDNP DVR and FDG Ki values in the parietal and temporal regions after MC. In conclusion, MC applied to dynamic brain FDDNP and FDG PET/CT scans could improve the qualitative and quantitative aspects of images of both tracers.
Differentiation of Human Embryonic Stem Cells to Cardiomyocytes by Coculture with Endoderm in Serum‐Free Medium (2007)

Many of the applications envisaged for human embryonic stem cells (hESC) undergoing cardiomyogenesis require that the differentiation procedure is robust and high yield. For many hESC lines currently available this is a challenge; beating areas are often obtained but subsequent analysis shows only few (<1%) cardiomyocytes actually present. Here the authors provide a protocol based on serum-free coculture with a mouse endoderm-like cell line (END2), which yields cultures containing on average 25% cardiomyocytes for two widely available hESC lines, hES2 and hES3. The authors also provide a variant on the protocol based on growth of hESC aggregates/embryoid bodies in END2-conditioned medium and a method for dissociating beating aggregates without compromising cardiomyocyte viability so that they can be used for transplantation into animals or further (electrophysiological) analysis.
Autograph (2009)

Storage management activities, such as reporting, file placement, migration and archiving, require the ability to discover files that belong to an application workflow by relying only on information from the file server. Some classes of application workflows, such as rendering an animated sequence from its graphics models or building an application from its source files, often exhibit a high degree of repeatability. We describe a system called Autograph that exploits this repeatability to discover files that belong to an application workflow. Our approach examines traces of file accesses, finds repeated and correlated accesses, and infers which files likely belong to the same workflow. Our solution targets server workflows and uses file server traces, which contain less process and file information than the local machine traces used in prior work. We show that Autograph successfully extracts workflow file signatures, even if the workflows are concurrent or share files.
Cover Picture: Ylide‐Functionalized Phosphines: Strong Donor Ligands for Homogeneous Catalysis (Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 39/2018) (2018)

Power to phosphines Phosphines are one of the most utilized types of ligands in catalysis and their advancement is indispensable for further developments in this field. In their Communication on page 12859 ff., V. H. Gessner et al. demonstrate that ylide functionalization is a powerful tool to increase the donor strength of phosphines. The YPhos ligands obtained are easy to synthesize, more electron-rich than classical phosphines or even NHCs, and allow for improved catalytic activity in gold catalysis. Power to phosphines Phosphines are one of the most utilized types of ligands in catalysis and their advancement is indispensable for further developments in this field. In their Communication on page 12859 ff., V. H. Gessner et al. demonstrate that ylide functionalization is a powerful tool to increase the donor strength of phosphines. The YPhos ligands obtained are easy to synthesize, more electron-rich than classical phosphines or even NHCs, and allow for improved catalytic activity in gold catalysis. Porous Organic Frameworks Hydrocarbon Synthesis Polymer Synthesis
Di-µ-carbonyl-tris(cyclopentadienylnickel) as a cluster precursor to a highly active ethylene oligomerization catalyst (1980)

The first example of the use of a cyclopentadienylnickel cluster to effect catalytic oligomerization of an olefin is reported; when a benzene solution of di-µ-carbonyl-tris(cyclopentadienylnickel) is allowed to react with silica–alumina and subsequently heated to 150 °C, a highly active catalyst is formed which oligomerizes ethylene to higher olefins with turnover frequencies greater than 105 mol ethylene per mol (η5-C5H5)3Ni3(CO)2 per h.
Application of the chirp-z transform to fractional interpolation in DMT modems (2005)

Sampling clock synchronization in multi carrier systems, such as discrete multitone (DMT) digital subscriber line modems, can be done with a phase locked loop. This requires expensive voltage-controlled oscillators (VCO). Alternatively, clock-offset compensation can be done completely in the digital domain, replacing the VCO with a cheaper free-running oscillator. This solution requires the signal of interest to be fractionally interpolated in the digital domain. In DMT, the digital interpolator can be combined with the modulating DFT into one single fractional operator: the chirp-z transform. In this paper, we explore interpolation algorithms based on the Chirp-z transform and tailor them at clock-offset recovery for DMT modems.
Bicolor pyroreflectometer using an optical fiber probe (1995)

A method and a device to measure temperature using bicolor optical pyrometry are presented. The device is equipped with an optical fiber probe designed for in situ measurements in severe conditions (high temperatures, difficult accessibility, and electromagnetic fields). The directional monochromatic emissivities, at two wavelengths 1.3 and 1.55 μm, were deduced from reflection measurements. The device can be used for opaque Lambertian surfaces in the temperature range from 500 to 2500 °C. The method was put in practice on rare-earth metal oxide powders at temperatures up to 1000 °C.
A Method of Adjusting Frequency Temperature Coefficients and Resonant Frequency for NS-GT Cut Quartz Crystal Resonators (1995)

This paper describes a method of adjusting the frequency-temperature coefficients and resonant frequency of NS-GT cut quartz crystal resonators. It is well known that NS-GT cut resonators show good frequency-temperature behavior because the first-, second- and third-order temperature coefficients α + , β + , γ + for principal vibration can be approximately zero. However, a distribution of frequency-temperature behavior takes place in production. In order to obtain resonators with better and stable frequency-temperature behavior within +/-2.5 ppm over a temperature range of -30 to +85° C in production, an absolute value of α + must be less than 5×10 -8 /° C. The adjustment method described makes it possible to control α + easily. The NS-GT cut resonators' frequency-temperature characteristics were found to be mostly within +/-1.0 ppm in the above-mentioned temperature range.
Tunable lasers using sampled grating DBRs (2002)

A marketable tunable laser would have low cost, high output power, ultra-wide tuning range, direct or integrated modulation, and high reliability. These criteria have been met with monolithic sampled grating distributed Bragg reflector lasers (SGDBRs). SGDBRs hold high promise in meeting the above requirements and desires. The monolithic SGDBR fabrication approach does not require moving parts and imparts similar device reliability as distributed feedback lasers (DFBs). High speed switching (>1Oms) is possible since temperature tuning is not required.
Rare-Earth Fe-B powder coating for improvements in corrosion resistance, flux aging loss, and mechanical strength of bonded magnets (2005)

Coating formulations have been investigated for rare-earth Fe-B (RE Fe-B) type melt spun magnetic powders, to provide them with enhanced corrosion and oxidation resistance when exposed to aggressive environments. The coating formulations consist of an epoxy binder-based system and specialty additives. Results with two RE Fe-B powder types using these new formulations show between 19/spl deg/C and 26/spl deg/C enhancements in their operating temperatures for comparable flux aging loss, but now with better magnetic property retention at high temperatures and better adhesion between powder and organic coating. Optimal flux aging loss was found to result after curing the compacts within 180/spl deg/C to 200/spl deg/C for 30 to 60 min at a compaction pressure of 690 MPa (7 tons cm/sup -2/), although higher pressures resulted in more severe magnetic losses but higher bending strengths. The new formulations yield magnets whose magnetic properties are less affected by curing at these typical high temperatures.
<title>Enhanced method for reducing ultrasound speckle noise using wavelet transform</title> (1997)

This paper presents the results of the development of an adaptive method for reducing signal-dependent noise, such as speckle noise, in a coherent imaging system signal, such as in medical ultrasound imaging. Speckle noise is filtered using nonlinear adaptive thresholding of received echo wavelet transform coefficients. Filtering speckle noise in ultrasound imaging enhances the resultant image by improving the signal-to-noise ratio. This method includes the steps of transforming the imaging system signal using discrete wavelet transformation to provide wavelet transform coefficients for each of the wavelet scales having different levels of resolution ranging from a finest wavelet scale to a coarsest wavelet scale; deleting the wavelet transform coefficients representing the finest wavelet scale; identifying, for each wavelet scale other than the finest wavelet scale, which of the wavelet transform coefficients are related to noise and which are related to a true signal through the use of adaptive nonlinear thresholding; selecting those wavelet transform coefficients which are identified as being related to a true signal; and inverse transforming the selected wavelet transform coefficients using an inverse discrete wavelet transformation to provide an enhanced true signal with reduced noise. This method is shown to improve the signal-to-noise ratio by 2 - 5 dB in digital ultrasound images of real and phantom objects for a range of thresholding levels while preserving the contrast differences between regions and maintaining feature edges. The filtered images have an enhanced apparent contrast resulting from the reduction in the speckle noise and the preservation of the contrast differences.