gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Metal precipitation at grain boundaries in silicon: Dependence on grain boundary character and dislocation decoration (2006)

Synchrotron-based analytical microprobe techniques, electron backscatter diffraction, and defect etching are combined to determine the dependence of metal silicide precipitate formation on grain boundary character and microstructure in multicrystalline silicon (mc-Si). Metal silicide precipitate decoration is observed to increase with decreasing atomic coincidence within the grain boundary plane (increasing Σ values). A few low-Σ boundaries contain anomalously high metal precipitate concentrations, concomitant with heavy dislocation decoration. These results provide direct experimental evidence that the degree of interaction between metals and structural defects in mc-Si can vary as a function of microstructure, with implications for mc-Si device performance and processing.
Application of artificial intelligence techniques for fault diagnostics of autonomous underwater vehicles (2016)

Autonomous underwater robotic vehicles (AUVs) are equipped with monitoring and emergency systems (MESs) to increase the mission success rate. The MES ensures the AUV's safety in water and the fault tolerance of its subsystems. The signals produced by the self-test functionality of robot subsystems as well as the parameters measured by sensors are the source information for the MES. Nowadays, MES actions in the AUVs designed by the Institute for Marine Technology Problems (IMTP) are based upon the hypothesis of the isolation of signals. As a result, the robot's reaction to several quasi-simultaneous signals is not always adequate. It is possible to overcome the disadvantages of the existing version of MES with the help of an ontological approach to be used for the implementation of an intelligent MES (IMES). An IMES functions as a tactic-level agent of the information and control system can carry out diagnostic actions (submissions) if necessary. The compiler forms the IMES with the help of a preset knowledge base and description of the robotic configuration with the application of the cloud platform IACPaaS. Knowledge is a semantic network. The architecture of the AUV's IMES consists of three basic blocks: a block for the formation of knowledge on AUV fault diagnostics, a translator that translates knowledge into program code, and the AUV MES itself. Extensive testing of IMES as part of AUV is planned soon.
Role of Proteomics to Differentiate between Benign and Potentially Malignant Pancreatic Cysts (2011)

Pancreatic cystic neoplasms represent 10-15% of primary cystic masses of the pancreas. While pancreatic cysts are detected with an increasing frequency due to the use of advanced imaging modalities in clinical practice, the diagnosis of pancreatic cystic neoplasms remains unsatisfactory because available diagnostic techniques proved not sensitive enough so far. This study was designed to characterize the proteomic pattern of pancreatic cyst fluids obtained from various cystic lesions. Cyst fluids were collected by direct puncture during open surgery to avoid any possible contamination from other tissues. CEA, CA-19-9, and amylase concentrations were measured using specific immunoassays. After immunodepletion and fractionation by SDS-PAGE, proteins were digested and analyzed by LC-MS/MS. Specific histological lesions were found to be associated with distinct protein patterns. Interestingly, some of these proteins have been proposed as biomarkers of pancreatic cancer. Immunoblots allowed for verifying the differential expression in specific cyst fluids of two selected proteins, olfactomedin-4 and mucin-18. Finally, immunohistochemistry was performed to correlate these data with the expression pattern of olfactomedin-4 and mucin-18 in pancreatic cyst tissues. Results from this study indicate that proteomic analysis of cyst fluid could provide reliable candidates for developing new biomarkers for the preoperative management of malignant and premalignant pancreatic cysts.
Vocal mechanics as the basis for phonosurgery (1998)

A potential new type of laryngoplastic phonosurgery should be conformed to the mechanics of voice production. In treating dysphonia, it is often necessary to switch from etiologic or radical treatment, if infertile, to symptomatic treatment instead, at the level of mechanics.
Thermal Oral-Pharyngeal Stimulation and Elicitation of Swallowing (1998)

The influence of thermal stimulation of the oral and pharyngeal mucosa on the elicitation of swallowing was studied in 14 healthy volunteers. The Repeated Dry Swallowing Test was used to study the ability to elicit swallows. The test consists of 11 manometrically recorded dry swallows performed at maximum speed. The time between swallows 1 and 11 (Swallowing Test Time) is considered a measure of the ease of eliciting the swallowing reflex. The study includes two controlled experiments, each consisting of an active test done immediately after a cold stimulus and a control done after a stimulus at body temperature. In one experiment the stimulus consisted of stimulation of the fauces with a laryngeal mirror and in the other of swallowing water. Each subject served as his or her own control. The order of the tests was randomized and the results read blindly. In the mirror experiment, the swallowing test times obtained after application of a cold laryngeal mirror did not differ significantly from those obtained after stimulation at body temperature. In the water experiment, swallowing test times were shorter after swallowing cold water compared to those after swallowing water at body temperature in 11 of the 14 volunteers (n.s.). The concept that swallowing is significantly facilitated by cold applied to the oral-pharyngeal mucosa was thus not supported by the present study. The importance of these findings is discussed.
Mining scale-free networks using geodesic clustering (2004)

Many real-world graphs have been shown to be scale-free---vertex degrees follow power law distributions, vertices tend to cluster, and the average length of all shortest paths is small. We present a new model for understanding scale-free networks based on multilevel geodesic approximation, using a new data structure called a multilevel mesh.Using this multilevel framework, we propose a new kind of graph clustering for data reduction of very large graph systems such as social, biological, or electronic networks. Finally, we apply our algorithms to real-world social networks and protein interaction graphs to show that they can reveal knowledge embedded in underlying graph structures. We also demonstrate how our data structures can be used to quickly answer approximate distance and shortest path queries on scale-free networks.
Images (2012)

Images Phil Witte Click for larger view View full resolution [End Page 9] Click for larger view View full resolution [End Page 58] Click for larger view View full resolution [End Page 109] Click for larger view View full resolution [End Page 143] Copyright © 2012 The Curators of the University of Missouri
Sequestration of 125I-labeled beta nerve growth factor by sympathetic neurons. (1980)

Nerve growth factor binds to cell surface membrane receptors on sensory and sympathetic neurons. The binding of radiolabeled beta nerve growth factor to sympathetic neurons is characterized by two specific binding sites with similar dissociation constants to those seen for sensory neurons. The high affinity site, type I, has an apparent dissociation constant of 1.1 X 10(-11) M. The lower affinity site, type II, has an apparent dissociation constnat of 5.0 X 10(-10) M. When radiolabeled beta nerve growth factor is incubated with sympathetic nerve cells for various lengths of time, as much as 50% of the specifically bound labeled nerve growth factor is sequestered. Sequestration is time- and energy-dependent, and appears to o ccur mainly through type I sites. These data suggest a step which is subsequent to the binding of nerve growth factor to its responsive cells and may be the first step in the process that allows nerve growth factor to be internalized.
Design and Research on Automatic Control System Based on PLC (2014)

With the development of computer technology, programmable logic controller (PLC) is becoming more powerful and more convenient to be used. However, if the working condition of PLC is too harsh, such as high temperature, humidity, vibration, strong shock and electromagnetic interference, it will directly affect the normal, safe and reliable operation of the whole automatic control system. And coupled with the ineffective peripheral circuit interference measures, it greatly reduced the reliability of the automatic control system and even leads to failure. Therefore, the design of industrial PLC automatic control system must give top priority to the reliability of the hardware and software aspects. This paper introduces the concept and existing research of PLC –based automatic control system, and discusses about the specific design studies from both hardware and software aspects.
Relationships Between NDVI, Canopy Structure, and Photosynthesis in Three Californian Vegetation Types (1995)

In a range of plant species from three Californian vegetation types, we examined the widely used "normalized difference vegetation index" (NDVI) and "simple ratio" (SR) as indicators of canopy structure, light absorption, and photosynthetic activity. These indices, which are derived from canopy reflectance in the red and near‐infrared wavebands, highlighted phenological differences between evergreen and deciduous canopies. They were poor indicators of total canopy biomass due to the varying abundance of non‐green standing biomass in these vegetation types. However, in sparse canopies (leaf area index [LAI]°0‐2), NDVI was a sensitive indicator of canopy structure and chemical content (green biomass, green leaf area index, chlorophyll content, and foliar nitrogen content). At higher canopy green LAI values (>2; typical of dense shrubs and trees), NDVI was relatively insensitive to changes in canopy structure. Compared to SR, NDVI was better correlated with indicators of canopy structure and chemical content, but was equivalent to the logarithm of SR. In agreement with theoretical expectations, both NDVI and SR exhibited near‐linear correlations with fractional PAR intercepted by green leaves over a wide range of canopy densities. Maximum daily photosynthetic rates were positively correlated with NDVI and SR in annual grassland and semideciduous shrubs where canopy development and photosynthetic activity were in synchrony. The indices were also correlated with peak springtime canopy photosynthetic rates in evergreens. However, over most of the year, these indices were poor predictors of photosynthetic performance in evergreen species due to seasonal reductions in photosynthetic radiation‐use efficiency that occurred without substantial declines in canopy greenness. Our results support the use of these vegetation indices as remote indicators of PAR absorption, and thus potential photosynthetic activity, even in heterogeneous landscapes. To provide accurate estimates of vegetation‐atmosphere gas fluxes, remote NDVI and SR measurements need to be coupled with careful estimates of canopy photosynthetic radiation‐use efficiency.
Vector field visualization (1994)

We present two new techniques for rendering 3D vector fields in scientific visualisation. We also present a new technique called texture splats for rendering these volumes efficiently.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Calorimetric Analysis of Thermodynamic Stability and Aggregation for Apo and Holo Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis-associated Gly-93 Mutants of Superoxide Dismutase (2006)

Differential scanning calorimetry was used to measure changes in thermodynamic stability and aggregation for glycine 93 mutants of human copper, zinc-superoxide dismutase (SOD). Glycine 93 is a conserved residue at position i + 3 of a tight turn and has been found to be a mutational hot spot in familial amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (fALS). The fALS-associated mutations, G93A, G93S, G93R, G93D, and G93V, were made in a pseudo wild-type background containing no free cysteines, which prevented the formation of aberrant disulfide bonds upon thermal unfolding, and enabled quantitative thermodynamic analysis of the effects of the mutations. Thermal unfolding was highly reversible for all the SODs in both the fully metallated (holo) and metal-free (apo) forms. The data for all the holo-SODs and for the apo-pseudo-wild-type SOD were well fit by a 2-state unfolding model for native dimer (N2) to two unfolded monomers (2U), N2 <--> 2U. The holo- and apo-forms of the mutants are significantly destabilized (by 1.5-3.5 kcal mol(-1) monomer) relative to the corresponding forms of pseudo wild-type, with the relative stabilities being correlated with statistical preferences for amino acids in this structural context. Although van't Hoff (DeltaHvH) to calorimetric (DeltaHcal) enthalpy ratios are close to unity for all the holo-SODs and for apo-pseudo-wild-type, consistent with a 2-state transition, DeltaHvH is considerably larger than DeltaHcal for all the apo-mutants. This suggests that the mutations cause apo-SOD to have an increased propensity to misfold or aggregate, which may be linked to increased toxic mutant SOD aggregation in fALS.
Accuracy of head motion compensation for the HRRT: Comparison of methods (2009)

Motion correction in PET has become more important as system resolution has improved. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the accuracy of three motion compensation methods, event-by-event motion compensation with list-mode reconstruction (MOLAR), frame-based motion correction, and post-reconstruction image registration. Motion compensated image reconstructions were carried out with simulated HRRT data, using a range of motion information based on human motion data. ROI analyses in high contrast regions were performed to evaluate the accuracy of all the motion compensation methods, with particular attention to within-frame motion.Our study showed that MOLAR with list-mode based motion correction using accurate motion data can reliably correct for all reasonable head motions. Over all motions, the average ROI count was within 0.1±4.2% and 0.7±0.9% of the reference, no-motion value for two different ROIs. The location of the ROI centroid was found to be within 0.7±0.3mm of that of the reference image for the raphe nucleus. Frame-based motion compensation and post-reconstruction image registration were able to correct for small (<5mm), but the ROI intensity begins to deteriorate for medium motions (5-10mm), especially for small brain structures such as the raphe nucleus. For large (>10mm) motions, the average centroid locations of the raphe nucleus ROI had an offset error of 1.5±1.8mm and 1.8±1.8mm for each of the frame-based methods. For each frame-based method, the decrease in the average ROI intensity was 16.9±4.3% and 20.2±9.9% respectively for the raphe nucleus, and was 5.5±2.2% and 7.4±0.2% for putamen. Based on these data, we conclude that event-by-event based motion correction works accurately for all reasonable motions, whereas frame-based motion correction is accurate only when the within-frame motion is less than 10mm.
Abstract 17973: KLF6 Modulates Aortic Aneurysm Formation by Balancing Between Inflammatory and TGFβ Signaling Pathways (2012)

[Background] The transcription factor, Kruppel-like factor 6 (KLF6) has been shown to play important roles in the regulation of diverse cellular processes through TGFβ signaling. Recently, TGFβ si...
Performance Optimization of Critical Nets Through Active Shielding (2004)

We propose the concept of active shields-shields that switch concurrently with a signal wire of interest. Active shields aid signal transitions through the coupling between the signal wire and shields. For RC dominated wires, the active shields switch in the same phase as the signal wire since capacitive coupling is the dominant coupling mechanism. For wires with dominant inductive coupling, active shields switch in the opposite phase of the signal wire. We show that under fixed area and input capacitance constraints, in-phase active shielding outperforms traditional (passive) shielding and wire sizing/spacing techniques for minimizing delays and transition times on RC-dominated wires. For RLC wires, we demonstrate a region of feasibility (in terms of signal wire widths) for which opposite-phase active shielding outperforms the passive shielding technique. Opposite-phase active shielding suppresses ringing behavior to a greater degree than passive shields, providing similar performance to differential signaling while maintaining the simplicity of single ended signaling. The benefits of opposite-phase active shielding as compared to passive shielding are shown in the context of various clock net optimizations where reductions in ringing behavior (up to 4.5X) and transition times (up to 40% reduction) are achieved.
Anodic oxidation of organics on thermally prepared oxide electrodes (1997)

Electrochem. oxidn. of orgs. at thermally prepd. dimensionally stable metal oxide anodes (DSA) has been studied. In reactions involving only simple electron transfer, oxide electrodes exhibit an electrocatalytic activity similar to that of noble metal electrodes. In oxidn. reactions of more complex mechanism, oxide anodes show no electrocatalytic activity below the potential of oxygen evolution and oxidn. of orgs. can take place only under conditions of simultaneous oxygen evolution. A simplified mechanism of orgs. oxidn. catalyzed by intermediates of oxygen evolution has been proposed distinguishing between two limiting electrode behaviors: (i) At \\"non-active\\" anodes (typically fully oxidized metal oxides) oxidn. of orgs. occurs at a high potential and leads to their combustion through physisorbed hydroxyl radicals. (ii) At \\"active\\" electrodes (IrO2, RuO2) the reaction takes place at lower potentials characteristic of the metal oxide and results in a selective oxidn. of the org. compd. at higher oxidized metal oxide surface sites. A kinetic model of orgs. oxidn. competed by oxygen evolution at \\"active\\" type anodes is also proposed and confirmed by preparative electrolysis. [on SciFinder (R)]
Note, Law, Race, and the Border: The El Paso Salt War of 1877 (2004)

The "lawless Old West" is a familiar trope in American popular culture.Film, literature, and art have promoted this notion of the wild western frontier of the nineteenth century, where law enforcement was scarce and vigilante mobs roamed at will. 1 Recent historical scholarship has begun to revise this stereotype of lawlessness, however, by illustrating the presence of formal legal procedures and understandings even in remote parts of the nineteenth-century West. 2 This scholarship is notable not only for its revision of western history, but also for what it reveals about the legal consciousness of ordinary people. 3 As these authors show, even individuals not trained in the law were concerned with legal process and encouraged the development of legal culture. 4 This Note adds a unique chapter to the story of legal consciousness in the West.It looks specifically at the El Paso Salt War of 1877, an extended altercation along the U.S.-Mexico border that began with misunderstandings about property ownership and ended with at least twelve dead, forty wounded, and more than $500,000 worth of prop-1 For discussions of the "imagined West" in American popular culture, see, for example, THE
Estimation of the multiple testing burden for genomewide association studies of nearly all common variants (2008)

Genomewide association studies are an exciting strategy in genetics, recently becoming feasible and harvesting many novel genes linked to multiple phenotypes. Determining the significance of results in the face of testing a genomewide set of multiple hypotheses, most of which are producing noisy, null-distributed association signals, presents a challenge to the wide community of association researchers. Rather than each study engaging in independent evaluation of significance standards, we have undertaken the task of developing such standards for genomewide significance, based on data collected by the International Haplotype Map Consortium. We report an estimated testing burden of a million independent tests genomewide in Europeans, and twice that number in Africans. We further identify the sensitivity of the testing burden to the required significance level, with implications to staged design of association studies.
A Payload driven Security model for flooding attacks in Active networks (2009)

In today's fast growing Internet world, the number of distributed denial of service attacks (DDoS) is increasing at an alarming rate. Evading these attacks has created a lot of attention from researchers. A number of monitoring and filtering devices have been developed to verify the authenticity of the packets based on the packet payload data in intrusion detection systems (IDS). However, the methods used for IDS cannot be deployed in DDoS filters since in DDoS attacks, a lot of packets arrive in a short span of time and deriving packet payload patterns become cumbersome with these IDS algorithms. This paper presents a three-level mechanism to distinguish attack packets from legitimate ones by scanning the payload of the packet. Packet patterns are derived by using the eigen vector concept and the obtained patterns are compared using an optimal string matching algorithm. This three-level filter was tested in the ANTS active network tool kit with the 1999 DARPA IDS dataset as the back end. Results validate the proposed scheme's efficiency and the time complexity of the filter proposed is smaller than IDS payload scanning methodologies.
Use of the ion pairing model to estimate activity coefficients of the ionic components of natural waters (1982)

RELATIVE EFFICIENCY OF CARBONATE DISSOLUTION AND PRECIPITATION DURING DIAGENESIS: A PROGRESS REPORT ON THE ROLE OF SOLUTION CHEMISTRY
Renal cell adenocarcinoma and retrovirus p30-related antigen excreted to urine. (1985)

The authors have previously demonstrated in syncytiotrophoblastic cells of human placenta, hydatidiform and destructive moles, and choriocarcinoma antigens reacting with antibodies to the endogenous feline retrovirus RD114 p30 and human T cell leukemia-lymphoma virus p19 proteins. The authors now report that a monoclonal IgG1 antibody (HPS-1), recognizing both syncytiotrophoblasts and RD114 p30, also reacts with an antigen in the tumor cell cytoplasm of all 27 renal cell adenocarcinomas studied. Positively stained antigenic material was also seen in the lumen of normal tubuli of tumor kidneys, suggesting its excretion into urine. None of 10 normal kidneys, 17 Wilms' tumors, 5 transitional cell carcinomas of the renal pelvis, 5 similar tumors of the urinary bladder, 20 adenocarcinomas of the cervix uteri, 20 adenocarcinomas of the corpus uteri, or 20 adenocarcinomas of the colon showed any positive staining. All 3 renal oncocytomas studied gave a positive staining reaction. In RD114 p30 radioimmunoassay antigenic activity was detected in the urine of renal cell adenocarcinoma patients in amounts up to 1.93 ng/mg protein, but not in the serum. After nephrectomy, a decline of the excreted antigen was observed, the preoperative values being 0.16 to 1.93 ng/mg protein and the postoperative ones ranging from immeasurable to 0.58 ng/mg protein. The patients with measurable postoperative urine values had clinically detectable distant metastases. The p30-related antigen may provide a marker for renal cell adenocarcinoma.