gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
cappuccino and spire: two unique maternal-effect loci required for both the anteroposterior and dorsoventral patterns of the Drosophila embryo. (1989)

cappuccino and spire are unique Drosophila maternal-effect loci that participate in pattern formation in both the anteroposterior and dorsoventral axes of the early embryo. Mutant females produce embryos lacking pole cells, polar granules, and normal abdominal segmentation. They share these defects with the posterior group of maternal-effect genes. Although embryos are defective in abdominal segmentation, in double mutant combinations with Bicaudal D, abdominal segments can be formed in the anterior half of the egg. This indicates that embryos produced by mutant females contain the 'posterior determinant' required for abdominal segmentation (Nüsslein-Volhard et al. 1987) and suggests that the wild-type gene products are not required for production of the posterior determinant but, rather, for its localization or stabilization. The vasa protein, a component of polar granules, is not localized at the posterior pole of mutant egg chambers or embryos, providing additional support for the hypothesis that localization to or stabilization of substances at the posterior pole of the egg chamber is defective in mutant females. Females mutant for the strongest alleles also produce dorsalized embryos. Phenotypic analysis reveals that these dorsalized embryos also have abdominal segmentation defects. The mutant phenotypes can be ordered in a series of increasing severity. Pole cell formation is most sensitive to loss of functional gene products, followed by abdominal segmentation, whereas normal dorsoventral patterning is the least sensitive to loss of functional gene products. In addition, mutant females contain egg chambers that appear to be dorsalized, resulting in the production of eggs with dorsalized eggshells. Germ-line mosaics indicate that cappuccino and spire are required in the oocyte-nurse cell complex. This suggests that the eggshell phenotype results from altered pattern in the underlying germ cell. Also, we defined the epistatic relationships between several early patterning loci, on the basis of an analysis of the eggs and embryos produced by females doubly mutant for cappuccino or spire and other loci that affect the pattern of both the egg and the embryo. On the basis of our current knowledge of the genes involved in this process, we formulated a working model for the early steps in dorsoventral patterning.
Chronic hyperlactatemia in HIV-infected patients taking antiretroviral therapy (2001)

Chronic, compensated, asymptomatic hyperlactatemia is common in patients taking HAART. Decompensated, life-threatening lactic acidosis/hepatic steatosis is rare. Treatment with stavudine appears to be the predominant risk factor for development of chronic hyperlactatemia.
Nuclear Localization of the Mitochondrial Factor HIGD1A during Metabolic Stress (2013)

Cellular stress responses are frequently governed by the subcellular localization of critical effector proteins. Apoptosisinducing Factor (AIF) or Glyceraldehyde 3-Phosphate Dehydrogenase (GAPDH), for example, can translocate from mitochondria to the nucleus, where they modulate apoptotic death pathways. Hypoxia-inducible gene domain 1A (HIGD1A) is a mitochondrial protein regulated by Hypoxia-inducible Factor-1a (HIF1a). Here we show that while HIGD1A resides in mitochondria during physiological hypoxia, severe metabolic stress, such as glucose starvation coupled with hypoxia, in addition to DNA damage induced by etoposide, triggers its nuclear accumulation. We show that nuclear localization of HIGD1A overlaps with that of AIF, and is dependent on the presence of BAX and BAK. Furthermore, we show that AIF and HIGD1A physically interact. Additionally, we demonstrate that nuclear HIGD1A is a potential marker of metabolic stress in vivo, frequently observed in diverse pathological states such as myocardial infarction, hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy (HIE), and different types of cancer. In summary, we demonstrate a novel nuclear localization of HIGD1A that is commonly observed in human disease processes in vivo.
Contemporary analysis of phrenic nerve injuries following cryoballoon-based pulmonary vein isolation: A single-centre experience with the systematic use of compound motor action potential monitoring (2020)

All PNIs occurred during right-sided CB-PVI and were preceded by a reduction in CMAP amplitude. Thus, the standardized use of CMAP surveillance during CB-PVI is easily applicable, reliable and compared with other studies, results in a lower number of PNIs.
Enhanced biodegradation of phenanthrene by a marine bacterium in presence of a synthetic surfactant (1999)

The biodegradation of phenanthrene by the marine strain Sphingomonas sp. 2MPII (DSMZ 11572) was enhanced by the solubilizating properties of the nonionic surfactant Tween 80. After 197 h of incubation, 85 +/- 4% of the initial amount of phenanthrene (0.4 g l-1) was biodegraded in presence of Tween 80 (0.5 g l-1) as opposed to 52 +/- 5% without this synthetic surfactant. These results confirm that the activity of the strain 2MPII is limited by the bioavailability of the polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) substrate in the aqueous phase. Tween 80 appears to be efficient in increasing the bioavailability of hydrophobic compounds such as PAHs.
Reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatographic separation of potato glycoalkaloids and hydrolysis products on acidic columns (1992)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTReversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatographic separation of potato glycoalkaloids and hydrolysis products on acidic columnsMendel. Friedman and Carol E. LevinCite this: J. Agric. Food Chem. 1992, 40, 11, 2157–2163Publication Date (Print):November 1, 1992Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 November 1992https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jf00023a023https://doi.org/10.1021/jf00023a023research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views269Altmetric-Citations38LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
The use of artificial neural networks in classifying lung scintigrams (1991)

An introduction to nuclear medical imaging and artificial neural networks (ANNs)\nis first given.\nLung scintigrams are classified using ANNs in this study. Initial experiments using\nraw data are first reported. These networks did not produce suitable outputs, and a data\ncompression method was next employed to present an orthogonal data input set containing\nthe largest amount of information possible. This gave some encouraging results, but\nwas neither sensitive nor accurate enough for clinical use.\nA set of experiments was performed to give local information on small windows of\nscintigram images. By this method areas of abnormality could be sent into a subsequent\nclassification network to diagnose the cause of the defect. This automatic method of\ndetecting potential defects did not work, though the networks explored were found to act\nas smoothing filters and edge detectors.\nNetwork design was investigated using genetic algorithms (GAs). The networks\nevolved had low connectivity but reduced error and faster convergence than fully connected\nnetworks. Subsequent simulations showed that randomly partially connected networks\nperformed as well as GA designed ones.\nDynamic parameter tuning was explored in an attempt to produce faster convergence,\nbut the previous good results of other workers could not be replicated.\nClassification of scintigrams using manually delineated regions of interest was\nexplored as inputs to ANNs, both in raw state and as principal components (PCs). Neither\nrepresentation was shown to be effective on test data.\n
Comparison between complement and melittin hemolysis: anti-melittin antibodies inhibit complement lysis (1988)

A comparison is made between the hemolytic actions of melittin and the ninth component of complement (C9). Melittin and C9 produce "pores" of similar effective radius in erythrocytes under standardized conditions, and their hemolytic action is suppressed by metal ions at similar concentrations, suggesting a common mechanism. Polyclonal anti-melittin immunoglobulin G (IgG) produced in rabbits retards hemolysis mediated by human C9 in a specific manner. Such antibodies react in several immunoassays with human and monkey C9 but not with C9 from lower animals, and no inhibition of lysis mediated by C9 molecules from these animals is observed. Thus, it is unlikely that anti-melittin IgG reacts with a structural element, such as an amphipathic helix, on human C9 since such structures are also predicted to exist in other C9 molecules. Human C9 and melittin block cross-reactivity in a dose-dependent manner, and anti-melittin IgG recognizes an epitope located between amino acid residues 245 and 390 of human C9 on "Western" blots. Comparison of the melittin and human C9 sequences indicates two regions of complete homology, a tetrapeptide at positions 292-295, and a pentapeptide at positions 527-531 in human C9, corresponding to residues 8-16 in melittin. Inhibition of hemolysis is not caused by blocking of C9 binding to the C5b-8 complex; rather the antibody must dissociate from the bound C9 before lysis ensues, indicating that it interferes with a postbinding event. It is proposed that anti-melittin binds to a conformational epitope on native, folded human C9 and thereby retards unfolding of the molecule, which is required for membrane insertion and hemolysis.
Application of Li2O compensation techniques to Ti-diffused LiNbO3 planar and channel waveguides (1978)

We report a novel technique to determine the index change in Li2O in-diffused surface layer in LiNbO3 by observing the cutoff angle of the extraordinary substrated mode as it refracts through the surface-layer–substrate interface. Surface-layer index changes from 10−4 to 10−2 were measured in various samples which received compensation treatments for times of 10 min to 6 h, primarily in LiNbO3 powder. We also report the successful compensation of nearly single-mode Ti : LiNbO3 channel waveguides.
High Fidelity MEMS Electrodynamic Micro-Speaker Characterization (2013)

International audience
Targeted Biopsy in the Detection of Prostate Cancer Using an Office Based Magnetic Resonance Ultrasound Fusion Device (2012)

Prostate lesions identified on magnetic resonance imaging can be accurately targeted using magnetic resonance ultrasound fusion biopsy by a urologist in clinic. Biopsy findings correlate with level of suspicion on magnetic resonance imaging.
Rope: robust position estimation in wireless sensor networks (2005)

We address the problem of secure location determination, known as secure localization, and the problem of verifying the location claim of a node, known as location verification, in wireless sensor networks (WSN). We propose a robust positioning system we call ROPE that allows sensors to determine their location without any centralized computation. In addition, ROPE provides a location verification mechanism that verifies the location claims of the sensors before data collection. We show that ROPE bounds the ability of an attacker to spoof sensors' locations, with relatively low density deployment of reference points. We confirm the robustness of ROPE against attacks analytically and via simulations.
Applying emergent self-organizing behavior for the coordination of 4G networks using complexity metrics (2003)

Future fourth-generation (4G) wireless networks are expected to have an ad hoc, dynamic structure with cheap, ubiquitous, low-powered nodes that are autoconfigurable and flexible. Controlling such a network means coping with uncertainty, not only of traffic demand, but also in the network structure. Because of this, a new approach to the control and coordination of 4G networks will be needed, one that replaces centralized with highly decentralized control. One promising approach is to view networks as self-organizing systems comprising simple interacting nodes that rely on emergent behavior to provide network-wide coordination. However, such networks are often difficult to predict or manipulate, due to their distributed nature. This paper describes the use of an entropy-based complexity metric to investigate and manipulate the behavior of such self-organizing systems in mobile networks. We introduce a self-organizing algorithm for cell dimensioning, and apply the complexity metric to extract information on network-wide behavior. We then introduce a framework for using the metric to manipulate emergent self-organizing behavior in 4G networks. © 2003 Lucent Technologies Inc.
A phase I, open label, perioperative study of AG-120 and AG-881 in recurrent IDH1 mutant, low-grade glioma: Results from cohort 1. (2019)

2003 Background: AG-120 (ivosidenib [IVO]) is a first-in-class oral inhibitor of mutant isocitrate dehydrogenase 1 (mIDH1) evaluated in 66 glioma patients (pts) in an ongoing phase 1 study. AG-881 (vorasidenib [VOR]) is an oral, potent, brain-penetrant inhibitor of mIDH1/2 evaluated in 52 glioma pts in an ongoing phase 1 study. In an orthotopic glioma model, IVO and VOR reduced 2-hydroxyglutarate (2-HG) by 85% and 98%, respectively, despite different brain:plasma ratios (<0.04 vs 1.33). Methods: Primary endpoint: brain tumor 2-HG concentration with IVO or VOR treatment in mIDH1 low-grade glioma. Pts with recurrent non-enhancing WHO-2016 Grade (Gr) 2 or 3 mIDH1-R132H oligodendroglioma or astrocytoma undergoing craniotomy were randomized 2:2:1 to IVO 500mg QD, VOR 50mg QD, or no treatment for 4 wks preoperatively in Cohort 1. Post-operatively, pts continued to receive IVO or VOR and control pts were randomized 1:1 to IVO or VOR. Tumors were assessed for mIDH1 status, cellularity, 2-HG, and drug concentration. Treated samples were compared to control pts and mIDH1 and wild type (WT) banked reference (ref) samples. Plasma and CSF 2-HG were assessed. Pts with non-evaluable tissue were replaced. Results: As of 29 Nov 2018, 26 pts (17M, 9F; 25 Gr 2, 1 Gr 3) were randomized preoperatively (IVO 10, VOR 11, control 5), 25 received drug (IVO 12, VOR 13). At the data cut, 19 tumors were analyzed with 16 evaluable. Common (>10%) TEAEs (all grade 1/2): diarrhea (36%), hypocalcemia and constipation (each 20%), anemia, hyperglycemia, pruritus, headache and nausea (each 16%), and hypokalemia and fatigue (each 12%). Mean brain:plasma ratio: 0.16 for IVO, 2.4 for VOR. Tumor 2-HG results are shown in Table. Updated data from Cohort 1 will be presented. Conclusions: In Cohort 1 of this phase 1 perioperative study, IVO and VOR were CNS penetrant and lowered 2-HG compared to untreated samples. Cohort 2 is open and will evaluate IVO 250mg BID and VOR 10mg QD. Brain tumor 2-HG concentration. Clinical trial information: NCT03343197. [Table: see text]
Cognitive enhancing effects of drugs that target histamine receptors (2004)

While histamine effects have been studied for decades in many classical experiments of basic pharmacology, and histamine is often used as a tool to elucidate fundamental pharmacological principles of drug-receptor interactions, it is only within recent years that its importance as a neurotransmitter has been recognized. This is despite findings of the substance within the CNS in the early 1900s, with a differential distribution and enzymes necessary for synthesis (for review, see [1]). As will be described below, new findings suggest important therapeutic roles for histamine and therapeutic potential for drugs that interdict the histaminergic pathways in various neurological diseases, particularly those having a cognitive deficit that these drugs may be anticipated to ameliorate (see Fig. 1 for chemical structures of key compounds discussed).
Regional Productivity Growth and Plant-Level Dynamics (2007)

The mix of companies in the economy is always changing. The more-productive ones expand, and the less-productive ones are driven out of the market, freeing resources such as labor and capital for new ventures. This reallocation contributes more to aggregate productivity growth than the productivity gains achieved by individual businesses. The efficiency with which the process takes place is a key factor affecting rates of productivity growth in different regions and explaining why they differ.
Identification of <i>cis</i>-Acting RNA Leader Elements Required for Chloroplast <i>psbD</i> Gene Expression in Chlamydomonas (1999)

The psbD mRNA of Chlamydomonas reinhardtii is one of the most abundant chloroplast transcripts and encodes the photosystem II reaction center polypeptide D2. This RNA exists in two forms with 5' untranslated regions of 74 and 47 nucleotides. The shorter form, which is associated with polysomes, is likely to result from processing of the larger RNA. Using site-directed mutagenesis and biolistic transformation, we have identified two major RNA stability determinants within the first 12 nucleotides at the 5' end and near position -30 relative to the AUG initiation codon of psbD. Insertion of a polyguanosine tract at position -60 did not appreciably interfere with translation of psbD mRNA. The same poly(G) insertion in the nac2-26 mutant, which is known to be deficient in psbD mRNA accumulation, stabilized the psbD RNA. However, the shorter psbD RNA did not accumulate, and the other psbD RNAs were not translated. Two other elements were found to affect translation but not RNA stability. The first comprises a highly U-rich sequence (positions -20 to -15), and the second, called PRB1 (positions -14 to -11), is complementary to the 3' end of the 16S rRNA. Changing the PRB1 sequence from GGAG to AAAG had no detectable effect on psbD mRNA translation. However, changing this sequence to CCUC led to a fourfold diminished rate of D2 synthesis and accumulation. When the psbD initiation codon was changed to AUA or AUU, D2 synthesis was no longer detected, and psbD RNA accumulated to wild-type levels. The singular organization of the psbD 5' untranslated region could play an important role in the control of initiation of psbD mRNA translation.
Experimental Verification of Anisotropic Three-dimensional Left-handed Metamaterial Composed of Jerusalem Crosses (2009)

An anisotropic three-dimensional (3D) left-handed metamaterial (LHM) was pro- posed in this paper. The LHM is composed of unit cells with metallic Jerusalem crosses etched correspondingly on both sides of dielectric substrates. 3D left-handed property is realized by the couplings between neighboring metallic Jerusalem crosses. The LHM was fabricated and experimentally measured. The results show that the LHM always exhibits left-handed bands for incident plane waves along x, y, and z directions. Because of the symmetry of the unit cell, left- handed properties of the proposed 3D LHM in x and y directions are the same but are difierent from that in z direction. This verifles the validity of the proposed anisotropic 3D LHM.
Techniques for Named Entity Recognition (2012)

While building and using a fully semantic understanding of Web contents is a distant goal, named entities (NEs) provide a small, tractable set of elements carrying a well-defined semantics. Generic named entities are names of persons, locations, organizations, phone numbers, and dates, while domain-specific named entities includes names of for example, proteins, enzymes, organisms, genes, cells, et cetera, in the biological domain. An ability to automatically perform named entity recognition (NER) – i.e., identify occurrences of NE in Web contents – can have multiple benefits, such as improving the expressiveness of queries and also improving the quality of the search results. A number of factors make building highly accurate NER a challenging task. Given the importance of NER in semantic processing of text, this chapter presents a detailed survey of NER techniques for English text.
Facile Synthesis of Acridine Derivatives by ZnCl<sub>2</sub>-Promoted Intramolecular Cyclization of <i>o</i>-Arylaminophenyl Schiff Bases (2013)

A concise and efficient method for the synthesis of a wide range of acridine derivatives and polycyclic aza-aromatic compounds from a ZnCl2-promoted cyclization reaction of readily available o-arylaminophenyl Schiff base compounds under convenient conditions was developed. Reaction conditions and scope of the new method were examined in detail.
Clinical and Histological Characterization of Toxic Keratopathy From Depatuxizumab Mafodotin (ABT-414), an Antibody–Drug Conjugate (2018)

ABT-414 accumulates in the basal corneal epithelium resulting in MEK due to increased apoptosis. Frequent lubrication and bandage contact lenses can provide symptom relief.
Influence of Plasticizers and Drugs on the Physical-Mechanical Properties of Hydroxypropylcellulose Films Prepared by Hot Melt Extrusion (1999)

Hydroxypropylcellulose (HPC) films containing drugs or hydrophilic or hydrophobic plasticizers were prepared by a hot melt extrusion process. Polyethylene glycol 8000 (PEG 8000) 2%, triethyl citrate (TEC) 2%, acetyltributyl citrate (ATBC) 2%, and polyethylene glycol 400 (PEG 400) 1% were the plasticizing agents studied. In addition, either hydrocortisone (HC) 1% or chlorpheniramine maleate (CPM) 1% was incorporated into the films as a model drug. The physical-mechanical properties of the films that were investigated included tensile strength (TS), percentage elongation (%E), and Young's modulus (YM). Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) was utilized to determine glass transition temperatures (Tg's). These parameters were studied as a function of time and temperature. The glass transition temperatures initially decreased with the inclusion of the drugs and plasticizers. However, after 6 months aging, films containing PEG 400 and HC showed a marked increase in Tg. The films containing PEG 400 showed physical-mechanical instability in all parameters studied. All extruded films exhibited a marked decrease in TS in contrast to a large increase in %E when testing was performed perpendicular to flow versus in the direction of flow. In addition, a consistent film of HPC in the absence of drugs or plasticizers could not be extruded due to the excessive stress on the equipment. Although the theoretical percentage of CPM on aging remained fairly constant over the processing temperature ranges in this study, the HC levels remaining in the extruded films during storage were a function of time and temperature.
Influence of tissue plasminogen activator and heparin on cerebral ischemia in a rabbit model. (1992)

In the rabbit model, administration of tissue-type plasminogen activator within 2 hours diminished the volume of brain rendered acutely ischemic by embolic stroke. Since the simultaneous administration of heparin during this same period did not result in any instances of hemorrhagic transformation, tissue-type plasminogen activator may have some place for use in such circumstances to mitigate a tendency to further embolic or thrombotic events.