gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Spray-Coated Halloysite–Epoxy Composites: A Means To Create Mechanically Robust, Vertically Aligned Nanotube Composites (2016)

Halloysite nanotube-filled epoxy composites were fabricated using spray-coating methods. The halloysite nanotubes (HNTs) were aligned by the hydrodynamic flow conditions at the spray nozzle, and the polymer viscosity helped to preserve this preferential orientation in the final coatings on the target substrates. Electron microscopy demonstrated a consistent trend of higher orientation degree in the nanocomposite coatings as viscosity increased. The nanoindentation mechanical performances of these coatings were studied using a Hysitron TriboIndenter device. Composites showed improvements up to ∼50% in modulus and ∼100% in hardness as compared to pure epoxy, and the largest improvements in mechanical performance correlated with higher alignment of HNTs along the plane-normal direction. Achieving this nanotube alignment using a simple spray-coating method suggests potential for large-scale production of multifunctional anisotropic nanocomposite coatings on a variety of rigid and deformable substrates.
Extension Field for Ate Pairing with Freeman Curve (2008)

Recently, pairing-based cryptographies such as ID-based cryptography and group signature have been studied. For fast pairing calculation, not only pairing algorithms but also arithmetic operations in extension field must be efficiently carried out. The authors consider efficient arithmetic operations of extension field for Ate pairing especially with Freeman curve.
Private inference control (2004)

Access control can be used to ensure that database queries pertaining to sensitive information are not answered. This is not enough to prevent users from learning sensitive information though, because users can combine non-sensitive information to discover something sensitive. Inference control prevents users from obtaining sensitive information via such "inference channels", however, existing inference control techniques are not private - that is, they require the server to learn what queries the user is making in order to deny inference-enabling queries.
Anion Exchange Membrane Electrolyzers Showing 1 A/cm<sup>2</sup> at Less Than 2 V (2016)

This paper reports initial data on anion exchange membrane water electrolyzers using Sustainion™ membranes. These are styrene based membranes, that are functionalized with imidazoliums or pyridiniums as described in US patent 9,370,773. Initial work was done with platinum anode catalysts and iridium cathode catalysts. By optimizing the membrane composition and the choice of ionomer initial currents of 1 amp/cm² at 1.69V and 6 amp/cm² and 6 amp/cm² at 2.05 V are observed in a cell at 60 C with 1 M KOH. So far we have been able to maintain 1 A/cm² at about 1.7 V for hours. The run is continuing. These results show the advantage of Sustainion™ membranes for water electrolyzers.
Abstract 4394: Development of parallel conjugation and assay methodologies to screen for antibodies with optimal properties for use as antibody-drug conjugates (2010)

Abstract The activity of antibody-drug conjugates (ADCs) on cancer cells can be affected by a multitude of factors, such as binding affinity, rate of internalization, subcellular trafficking, and efficient drug release within the target cell population. Consequently, the properties of an ideal antibody for drug delivery are not necessarily the same as those for a therapeutic naked antibody. Furthermore, the use of indirect assays involving the use of secondary antibodies to screen for optimal ADCs can be misleading, since crosslinking on the cell surface can lead to altered downstream events, and the affinity of the secondary antibody constrains the dynamic range of the assay. When seeking candidate antibodies directed against a novel antigen for ADC therapy, it is therefore most desirable to screen a large panel in the form of ADCs and evaluate their cytotoxic activities, since these results provide a direct measurement of parameters that can affect cytotoxic activity. However, when dealing with microgram quantities of a large number of antibodies as is typical of an antibody discovery campaign, the yields from conventional conjugation methodologies are limiting. We developed a novel approach that addresses this issue and have successfully applied it to the discovery of optimal ADCs out of a large panel of candidate antibodies. The technology is currently being applied to the discovery of ADCs against antigens of interest for targeted drug delivery. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 101st Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2010 Apr 17-21; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2010;70(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 4394.
Dosimetric characterization of an accessory mounted mini-beam collimator across clinically beam matched medical linear accelerators (2017)

Background and Purpose. The goal of this project was the dosimetric characterization of a mini-beam collimator across three clinically beam matched medical linear accelerators (linacs). Methods and Materials. The beam quality (%DD(10)), peak-to-valley dose ratio (PVDR), collimator factor and relative output were obtained for 6 MV mini-beam collimated fields of various sizes on three clinically beam matched Varian iX medical linear accelerators. Monte Carlo simulations of the mini-beam collimated fields were used to correlate the experimental results to the accelerators' electron beam full width-half maximum (FWHM) incident on the Bremsstrahlung target. Results. The beam quality of the mini-beam collimated field on all three linear accelerators agreed with that of the open field beam to within ±1%. PVDR on the different linacs varied by up to ±8.1% from the mean. Similarly, the collimator factors varied from the mean by up to ±3.6%. However, changes in the mini-beam collimated field due to changes in collimator inclination with respect to the beam central axis or field size were consistent across the three linacs. The collimator factors of the linacs were found to decrease by up to 7.1% in response to changes in inclination of less than 0.1°, and have an inverse relationship to field size. Monte Carlo simulations indicated that the disagreement in collimator factor can be linked to variation in the spatial width of the electron beam incident on the Bremsstrahlung target. Conclusion. A mini-beam collimator has been dosimetrically characterized on three clinically beam matched medical linear accelerators. Discrepancies in the mini-beam collimated field characteristics were observed across accelerators. Monte Carlo simulation revealed that these differences were related to the linac electron beam FWHM.
Evaluation of image registration algorithms for 3D phase‐resolved functional lung ventilation magnetic resonance imaging in healthy volunteers and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease patients (2022)

The purpose of the current study was to assess the influence of the registration algorithms on the repeatability of three-dimensional (3D) phase-resolved functional lung (PREFUL) ventilation magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Twenty-three healthy volunteers and 10 patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) underwent 3D PREFUL MRI during tidal breathing. The registration of dynamically acquired data to a fixed image was executed using single-step, stepwise, and group-oriented registration (GOREG) approaches. Advanced Normalization Tools (ANTs) and the Forsberg image-registration package were used for the registration. Image registration algorithms were tested for differences and evaluated by the repeatability analysis of ventilation parameters using coefficient of variation (CoV), intraclass-correlation coefficient, Bland-Altman plots, and correlation to spirometry. Also, the registration time and image quality were computed for all registration approaches. Very strong to strong correlations (r range: 0.917-0.999) were observed between ventilation parameters derived using various registration approaches. Median CoV values of the cross-correlation (CC) parameter were significantly lower (all p ≤ 0.0054) for ANTs GOREG compared with single-step and stepwise ANTs registration. The majority of comparisons between COPD patients and age-matched healthy volunteers showed agreement among the registration approaches. The repeatability of regional ventilation (RVent)-based ventilation defect percentage (VDP<sub>RVent</sub> ) and VDP<sub>CC</sub> was significantly higher (both p ≤ 0.0054) for Forsberg GOREG compared with ANTs GOREG. All 3D PREFUL-derived ventilation parameters correlated with forced expiratory volume in 1 s (FEV<sub>1</sub> ) and the FEV<sub>1</sub> / forced vital capacity (FVC) ratio (all |r| > 0.40, all p < 0.03). The image sharpness of RVent maps was statistically elevated (all p < 0.001) using GOREG compared with single-step and stepwise registration approaches using ANTs. The best computational performance was achieved with Forsberg GOREG. The GOREG scheme improves the repeatability and image quality of dynamic 3D PREFUL ventilation parameters. Registration time can be ~10-fold reduced to 9 min using the Forsberg method with equal or even improved repeatability and comparable PREFUL ventilation results compared with the ANTs method.
An efficient universal controller for switched-reluctance machines (2013)

In this paper, a universal controller for switched-reluctance motor (SRM) is proposed. The controller is considered to be universal because it minimizes torque ripple, maximizes the efficiency and torque production using simple operations. A combination of direct torque control in one phase and current control in another phase is proposed and implemented in a way that minimizes the torque ripple and maximizes the efficiency while being robust. Moreover, torque maximization is achieved by introducing the demagnetization curve which ensures that the phase currents are demagnetized at an optimum angle such that maximum torque is produced without any negative torque generation. The validity of the proposed controller is verified through simulation studies.
Calibration Procedures for a Two-Modulator Generalized Ellipsometer (1999)

A Two-Modulator Generalized Ellipsometer (2-MGE) has been extremely useful in characterizing optical properties of uniaxial bulk materials, thin films and diffraction gratings. The instrument consists of two polarizer-photoelastic modulator pairs, one operating as the polarization state generator and the other as the polarization state detector. Each photoelastic modulator operates at a different remnant frequency (such as 50 kHz and 60 kHz), making it possible to measure eight elements of the reduced sample Mueller matrix simultaneously. In certain configurations, light reflection from non-depolarizing anisotropic samples can be completely characterized by a single measurement, and the entire reduced Jones matrix can be determined, including the cross polarization coefficients. The calibration of the instrument involves the measurement of the azimuthal angle of the polarizer with respect to the modulator, the modulation amplitude, and the modulator strain for each polarizer photoelastic modulator pair, where the last two are functions of wavelengths. In addition, it is essential to calibrate the azimuthal angles of the polarization state generator and the polarization state detector with respect to the plane of incidence in the ellipsometry configuration that is used in the measurements. Because two modulators operating at different frequencies are used, these calibrations are actually easier and more accurate than for one modulator ellipsometers. In this paper, we will discuss these calibrations and the resultant accuracy limitations of the 2-MGE.
Dynamic real time tuning of antenna matching circuit in the receiving mode (2010)

We present a novel approach for adaptive tuning of receiving antenna impedance matching operating in a time-varying environment. Our approach utilizes perturbations of the tuning circuit to construct a system of two nonlinear equations. This system is then solved to determine the exact input impedance of the antenna. With this, the tuning circuit is then adjusted to match the antenna at the calculated input impedance. This cycle is repeated with a certain rate to take into account the dynamic surrounding environment in real time.
Formation and Structure of Lyotropic Liquid Crystalline Mesophases in Donor–Acceptor Semiconducting Polymers (2016)

Controlling crystallinity and molecular packing at nano- and macroscopic length scales in conjugated polymer thin films is vital for improving the performance of polymer-based electronic devices. Herein, the inherent amphiphilicity of rigid donor–acceptor copolymers used in high performance polymer electronics is leveraged to allow the formation of highly ordered lyotropic mesophases. By increasing the length and branching of solubilizing chains on cyclopentadithiophene-alt-thiadiazolopyridine-based alternating copolymers, amphiphilicity can be increased, and lyotropic liquid crystalline mesophases are observed in selective solvents. These lyotropic mesophases consist of chain extended polymers exhibiting close, ordered π-stacking. This is evidenced by birefringent solutions and red-shifted absorbance spectra displaying pronounced excitonic coupling. Crystallinity developed in solution can be transferred to the solid state, and thin films of donor–acceptor copolymers cast from lyotropic solutions exhibit improved crystalline order in both the alkyl and π-stacking directions. Because of this improved crystallinity, transistors with active layers cast from lyotropic solutions exhibit a significant improvement in carrier mobility compared to those cast from isotropic solution, reaching a maximum value of 0.61 cm2 V–1 s–1. This approach of rational side chain design bridges the gap from solution structure to solid state structure and is a promising and general approach to allow the expression of lyotropic mesophases in rigid conjugated polymers.
Radial and temporal variations in surface heat transfer during cryogen spray cooling (2005)

Cryogen spray cooling (CSC) is a heat extraction process that protects the epidermis from thermal damage during dermatologic laser surgery. The objective of the present work is to investigate radial and temporal variations in the heat transferred through the surface of a skin phantom during CSC. A fast-response thermal sensor is used to measure surface temperatures every 1 mm across a 16 mm diameter of the sprayed surface of the phantom. An analytical expression based on Fourier's law and Duhamel's theorem is used to compute surface heat fluxes from temperature measurements. Results show that radial and temporal variations of the boundary conditions have a strong influence on the homogeneity of heat extraction from the skin phantom. However, there is a subregion of uniform cooling whose size is time dependent. It is also observed that the surface heat flux undergoes a marked dynamic variation, with a maximum heat flux occurring at the centre of the sprayed surface early in the spurt followed by a quick decrease. The study shows that radial and temporal variations of boundary conditions must be taken into account and ideally controlled to guarantee uniform protection during CSC of human skin.
The Assessment of Leaf Nitrogen in Corn from Digital Images (2011)

Environmental concerns of nitrate pollution coupled with the cost of N fertilizers have led to increased interest in assessing plant N status. Our objective was to use a digital camera and image‐analysis software to assess leaf N concentration in corn ( Zea mays L.) leaves from the association between leaf N and green color of chlorophyll. In greenhouse experiments conducted at Fayetteville, AR, in 2008 and 2009, digital photographs of the uppermost collared leaf of 3‐ to 5‐leaf corn plants grown over a range of soil N treatments were processed into a dark green color index (DGCI), which combines the hue, saturation, and brightness into one composite number. Soil plant analysis development (SPAD) and DGCI values agreed closely across both years with r 2 ≥ 0.91. There was a close relationship ( r 2 ranged from 0.80 to 0.89) between DGCI and leaf N concentration. Yellow and green disks of known DGCI values were successfully used as internal standards to correct for differences in color sensitivity among cameras. Similarly, DGCI standard disks were able to correct for differences in lighting conditions for corn grown in the field. Determination of leaf N concentration in corn by digital image analysis offers a potential new tool for assessing corn N status.
pH-Responsive Nanoparticles for Cancer Drug Delivery (2008)

Solid tumors have an acidic extracellular environment and an altered pH gradient across their cell compartments. Nanoparticles responsive to the pH gradients are promising for cancer drug delivery. Such pH-responsive nanoparticles consist of a corona and a core, one or both of which respond to the external pH to change their soluble/insoluble or charge states. Nanoparticles whose coronas become positively charged or become soluble to make their targeting groups available for binding at the tumor extracellular pH have been developed for promoting cellular targeting and internalization. Nanoparticles whose cores become soluble or change their structures to release the carried drugs at the tumor extracellular pH or lysosomal pH have been developed for fast drug release into the extracellular fluid or cytosol. Such pH-responsive nanoparticles have therapeutic advantages over the conventional pH-insensitive counterparts.
User activity analysis for design for affordance (2013)

User interaction with a product is modeled based on user activity composed of perception, judgment and action together with affordances given by the product. Based on user assessment on each step of perception, judgment and action of an activity, inter-relations between specific activity and its affordance feature of the product can be scrutinized. Those affordance features of the current product could be redesigned exploiting hints from other affordance features of the corresponding affordance in the repository. This paper introduces the design for affordance method using activity analysis. An illustrative example is presented where a practicing product designer designed new affordance features for those affordances of activities with poor evaluations hinted from other affordance features in the repository for the corresponding affordances.
Comparative Antigenicity and Immunogenicity of Hepadnavirus Core Proteins (2005)

The hepatitis B virus core protein (HBcAg) is a uniquely immunogenic particulate antigen and as such has been used as a vaccine carrier platform. The use of other hepadnavirus core proteins as vaccine carriers has not been explored. To determine whether the rodent hepadnavirus core proteins derived from the woodchuck (WHcAg), ground squirrel (GScAg), and arctic squirrel (AScAg) viruses possess immunogen characteristics similar to those of HBcAg, comparative antigenicity and immunogenicity studies were performed. The results indicate that (i) the rodent core proteins are equal in immunogenicity to or more immunogenic than HBcAg at the B-cell and T-cell levels; (ii) major histocompatibility complex (MHC) genes influence the immune response to the rodent core proteins (however, nonresponder haplotypes were not identified); (iii) WHcAg can behave as a T-cell-independent antigen in athymic mice; (iv) the rodent core proteins are not significantly cross-reactive with the HBcAg at the antibody level (however, the nonparticulate "eAgs" do appear to be cross-reactive); (v) the rodent core proteins are only partially cross-reactive with HBcAg at the CD4+ T-cell level, depending on MHC haplotype; and (vi) the rodent core proteins are competent to function as vaccine carrier platforms for heterologous, B-cell epitopes. These results have implications for the selection of an optimal hepadnavirus core protein for vaccine design, especially in view of the "preexisting" immunity problem that is inherent in the use of HBcAg for human vaccine development.
DESIGN AND VALIDATION USING FLIGHT DATA OF A METHOD FOR PREDICTING THE GROUND RUN REQUIRED FOR TAKE-OFF (2000)

The role of a take-off performance monitor is to determine whether the take-off manoeuvre is developing as desired or otherwise. Depending on design criteria, the system usually either compares the achieved performance against a pre-determined threshold, or else looks ahead and attempts to predict the future performance along the run. Whilst offering significant advantages over the former, the latter type relies on accurate prediction and the capability of looking as far ahead as possible to provide early warning of any impending anomaly to the crew. This paper discusses the predictive approach adopted in the design of a performance monitoring algorithm and presents the results obtained from flight testing using the College of Aeronautics’ Jetstream-100 flying laboratory.
An analysis of magnetization patterns measured using a magnetic force scanning tunneling microscope (abstract) (1994)

In a previous paper, we made a complete analysis of the interaction between the probe tip of a magnetic force scanning tunneling microscope (MFSTM) and the magnetic fields emanating from a typical recorded pattern. In this paper we show how the magnetization distribution in the recorded media can be determined from the measurements by obtaining expressions for the magnetic fields from a Fourier series expansion for the recorded magnetizations. We have used these techniques to find the magnetic fields from many different distributions, including all those we could find in the literature. The probe tip displacement, which is the quantity measured using the MFSTM, can be calculated using these magnetic fields. The results can then be compared to the experimental data. For one set of experiments on high density recording we have found that the best fit is with a magnetization that has a modified arctan transition. The modification eliminates the discontinuity in the slope of the transitions as they are joined together, giving a more realistic representation of the magnetic distribution. The transition width can then be used as an adjustable parameter to find the best fit to the data. The MFSTM can, therefore, be used as a quantitative tool to find the magnetic recording transition widths. These theoretical techniques are not necessarily restricted to the use of a MFSTM, but can be applied to other problems in magnetic recording. For instance, we show how the probe tip displacement corresponds to the flux picked up by a conventional read head. The response of the head as a function of different magnetization patterns can then be studied and compared to experimental results. The measurable quantities are expressed in Fourier series but we show how these series can be easily evaluated with a PC and the appropriate software.
Phase-only optical encryption (1999)

We have implemented a phase-only optical encryption and decryption system with a readout based on the generalized phase-contrast method. The experimental system has been implemented with liquid-crystal spatial light modulators to generate binary phase-encrypted masks and a decrypting key. A phase-contrast filter is used to display the phase information.
Scalable Regioselective Synthesis of Rhodamine Dyes (2016)

A one-step, operationally simple protocol for the synthesis of isomerically pure rhodamine dyes from phthalaldehydic acids is reported. Using a mixture of 2,2,2-trifluoroethanol and water as reaction media allows for clean and efficient formation of various rhodamines as a single isomer. This method was successfully applied to the synthesis of several isomerically pure rhodamines, including 6-carboxytetramethylrhodamine and 6-carboxy-X-rhodamine (6-CXR) on gram scale. A simple, one-step, Pd-catalyzed hydroxycarbonylation approach to phthalaldehydic acids from appropriately substituted dihalobenzadehydes is also described.