gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Disrupted glial fibrillary acidic protein network in astrocytes from vimentin knockout mice. (1996)

Glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) is an intermediate filament protein expressed predominantly in astrocytes. The study of its expression in the astrocyte lineage during development and in reactive astrocytes has revealed an intricate relationship with the expression of vimentin, another intermediate filament protein widely expressed in embryonic development. these findings suggested that vimentin could be implicated in the organization of the GFAP network. To address this question, we have examined GFAP expression and network formation in the recently generated vimentin knockout (Vim-) mice. We show that the GFAP network is disrupted in astrocytes that normally coexpress vimentin and GFAP, e.g., those of the corpus callosum or the Bergmann glia of cerebellum. Furthermore, Western blot analysis of GFAP protein content in the cerebellum suggests that posttranslational mechanisms are implicated in the disturbance of GFAP network formation. The role of vimentin in this process was further suggested by transfection of Vim-cultured astrocytes with a vimentin cDNA, which resulted in the normal assembly of the GFAP network. Finally, we examined GFAP expression after stab wound-induced astrogliosis. We demonstrate that in Vim- mice, reactive astrocytes that normally express both GFAP and vimentin do not exhibit GFAP immunoreactivity, whereas those that normally express GFAP only retain GFAP immunoreactivity. Taken together, these results show that in astrocytes, where vimentin is normally expressed with GFAP fails to assemble into a filamentous network in the absence of vimentin. In these cells, therefore, vimentin appears necessary to stabilize GFAP filaments and consequently the network formation.
Site recognition by protein-primed T cells shows a non-specific peptide size requirement beyond the essential residues of the site Demonstration by defining an immunodominant T site in myoglobin (1986)

In previous studies, six T sites within myoglobin (Mb) were localized. To define precisely the boundaries of the T sites, a new approach is introduced and applied here to the T site residing within residues 107-120 of Mb. Two sets of peptides were synthesized. One set represents a stepwise elongation by one-residue increments of the Mb sequence. The other set represents an identical stepwise addition of one-residue increments of the Mb sequence, but which were extended by additional unrelated (nonsense) residues to a uniform size of 14 residues. The longer peptides (nonsense-extended) usually gave higher proliferative responses than did their shorter counterparts having the same Mb region. Thus a minimum peptide size is required for optimal T-cell stimulation. The T site subtends, in three high-responder mouse strains, residues 109-119 or 110-120, depending on strain, and, in three low-responder strains, maps to residues 108-120. Thus, in this case, the T site coincides with the site of B-cell recognition and resides in a small discrete surface region of the protein chain.
Baseline: practical control variates for agent evaluation in zero-sum domains (2013)

Agent evaluation in stochastic domains can be difficult. The commonplace approach of Monte Carlo evaluation can involve a prohibitive number of simulations when the variance of the outcome is high. In such domains, variance reduction techniques are necessary, but these techniques require careful encoding of domain knowledge. This paper introduces baseline as a simple approach to creating low variance estimators for zero-sum multi-agent domains with high outcome variance. The baseline method leverages the self play of any available agent to produce a control variate for variance reduction, subverting any extra complexity inherent with traditional approaches. The baseline method is also applicable in situations where existing techniques either require extensive implementation overhead or simply cannot be applied. Experimental variance reduction results are shown for both cases using the baseline method. Baseline is shown to surpass state-of-the-art techniques in three-player computer poker and is competitive in two-player computer poker games. Baseline also shows variance reduction in human poker and in a mock Ad Auction tournament from the Trading Agent Competition, domains where variance reduction methods are not typically employed.
Permeability changes during the flow of water through westerly granite at temperatures of 100°–400°C (1978)

Changes in permeability have been studied during the flow of water through granite for periods of time up to 17 days at temperatures of 100°, 200°, 300°, and 400°C with a constant confining pressure of 500 bars, differential stresses of 0–3500 bars, inlet pore pressure of 275 bars, and outlet pressure of 1 bar. In all cases the initial permeability at elevated temperatures was found to be higher by 1–2 orders of magnitude than the permeability at room temperature, perhaps because of thermal stress cracking. The high initial permeability did not persist with time and in nearly all cases decreased significantly during the first ½ day of water flow. Dissolution of plagioclase and quartz was concentrated near the inlet, where the pore pressure was highest. Precipitation occurred throughout the samples because of oversaturation as the pore pressure dropped, causing significant reduction in permeability. The final permeability after 10 days was less at 300°C than at lower temperatures, and measurable flow stopped in most of the 400°C samples.
Feature story: How a cold case king mapped out a killer (2013)

Cutting-edge mapping technology could help Australian detectives breathe life into the nation's unsolved crimes, according to the ex-criminal profiler who used the software to help catch notorious US serial killer Robert Ben Rhoades.
Stimuli-Responsive Shapeshifting Mesoporous Silica Nanoparticles (2015)

Stimuli-responsive materials have attracted great interest in catalysis, sensing, and drug delivery applications and are typically constituted by soft components. We present a one-pot synthetic method for a type of inorganic silica-based shape change material that is responsive to water vapor exposure. After the wetting treatment, the cross-sectional shape of aminated mesoporous silica nanoparticles (MSNs) with hexagonal pore lattice changed from hexagonal to six-angle-star, accompanied by the loss of periodic mesostructural order. Nitrogen sorption measurements suggested that the wetting treatment induced a shrinkage of mesopores resulting in a broad size distribution and decreased mesopore volume. Solid-state (29)Si nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy of samples after wetting treatment displayed a higher degree of silica condensation, indicating that the shape change was associated with the formation of more siloxane bonds within the silica matrix. On the basis of material characterization results, a mechanism for the observed anisotropic shrinkage is suggested based on a buckling deformation induced by capillary forces in the presence of a threshold amount of water vapor available beyond a humidity of about 50%. The work presented here may open a path toward novel stimuli-responsive materials based on inorganic components.
Customized Topography-Guided Corneal Collagen Cross-linking for Keratoconus (2017)

At 1 year postoperatively, TG-CXL seems to be as safe as C-CXL with stronger flattening in Kmax and I index and better improvement in CDVA. TG-CXL induces a biological gradient between the cone and the surrounding area that facilitates nerve and cell recovery. [J Refract Surg. 2017;33(5):290-297.].
Heme Biosynthesis and the Porphyrias (2007)

The porphyrias are metabolic disorders, each resulting from the deficiency of a specific enzyme in the heme biosynthetic pathway (Figure 28.1; Table 28.1). These enzyme deficiencies are inherited as autosomal dominant or recessive traits, with the exception of porphyria cutanea tarda (PCT), which usually is sporadic. The porphyrias are classified as either hepatic or erythropoietic depending on the primary site of overproduction and accumulation of porphyrin precursors or porphyrins (Table 28.2) although some have overlapping features. The hepatic porphyrias are characterized by overproduction and initial accumulation of porphyrin precursors and/or porphyrins primarily in the liver, whereas in the erythropoietic porphyrias, overproduction and initial accumulation of the pathway intermediates occur primarily in bone marrow erythroid cells.
Natural Language Processing and Machine Learning Methods for Software Development Effort Estimation (2017)

The growing complexity and number of software projects requires both increasingly more experienced developers, testers and other specialists as well as a larger number of persons to fill these roles. This leads to increased personnel and management costs and also makes effort and cost estimation at task and activity levels more difficult for software development companies. An automated solution for software development effort estimation based on text descriptions of tasks and activities, combined with available metrics, is introduced. A real world case study consisting of data from a software company whose activity spans a rich development spectrum is conducted. The results obtained are very encouraging and surpass the few similar approaches available in research literature.
Localization of Chymotrypsin-Like Cationic Protein, Collagenase and Elastase in Azurophil Granules of Human Neutrophilic Polymorphonuclear Leukocytes (1977)

The subcellular localization of granulocyte collagenase, elastase and chymotrypsin-like cationic protein was determined using velocity centrifugation of cytoplasmic granules of human polymorphonuclear leukocytes. The proteases were assayed by immunochemical and enzymatic methods. Measurements of lactoferrin and myeloperoxidase distinguish exactly between constituents of specific and azurophil granules. Collagenase, elastase and chymotrypsin-like cationic proteins showed an almost identical sharp and unimodal distribution. They co-sedimented with myeloperoxidase demonstrating that these enzymes are localized exclusively in the azurophil granules.
Distributed design of hip prostheses with BHAUTIK (1993)

We suggest a procedure for the distributed design of custom artificial implants. The design of a custom implant can be broken up into several distinct phases which can be carried out by separate toolkits which specialize in the smiceneeded for each stage. We describe the environment which supports this distributed design, and the necessary steps and toolkits to perform the design.
Calcium-Phosphate Matrix With or Without TGF-β <sub>3</sub> Improves Tendon-Bone Healing After Rotator Cuff Repair (2011)

The delivery of TGF-β(3) with an injectable Ca-P matrix at the supraspinatus tendon footprint has promise to improve healing after soft tissue repair.
Repeatable Battery for the Assessment of Neuropsychological Status (RBANS): Preliminary Australian normative data (2008)

The aim of the present study was to establish demographically adjusted normative data for the Repeatable Battery for the Assessment of Neuropsychological Status (RBANS) in an Australian context. RBANS data from 172 healthy Australian community dwelling adults enrolled in the “Using our Brains” (UoB) Brain Tissue Donor program between April 2002 and September 2005 were included in this study. The present study group differed from the original North American normative sample on all 12 subtests and five RBANS indices. Education and to a lesser degree age were related to RBANS performance. The present study provides complementary RBANS normative data for clinicians and researchers when interpreting RBANS results for Australian individuals closely matching those reported in this study.
Cloud Cavitation Phenomena (1999)

This paper describes investigations of the dynamics and acoustics of clouds of cavitation bubbles. Recent experimental and computational findings show that the collapse of clouds of cavitating bubbles can involve the formation of bubbly shock waves and that the focussing of these shock waves is responsible for the enhanced noise and damage in cloud cavitation. The recent experiments and computations of Reisman et al. (1) complement the work begun by Morch and Kedrinskii and their co-workers (2,3,4) and demonstrate that the very large impulsive pressures generated in bubbly cloud cavitation are caused by shock waves generated by the collapse mechanics of the bubbly cavitating mixture. Here we describe computational investigations conducted to explore these and other phenomena in greater detail as part of an attempt to find ways of ameliorating the most destructive effect associated with cloud cavitation.\n\nUnderstanding such bubbly flow and shock wave processes is important because these flow structures propagate the noise and produce the impulsive loads on nearby solid surfaces in a cavitating flow. How these shocks are formed and propagate in the much more complex cloud geometry associated with cavitating foils, propeller or pump blades is presently not clear. However, the computational investigations reveal some specific mechanisms which may be active in the dynamics and acoustics of these more complex flows.
Abstract A36: CA-170, an oral small molecule PD-L1 and VISTA immune checkpoint antagonist, promotes T cell immune activation and inhibits tumor growth in pre-clinical models of cancer (2017)

Abstract The clinical success of antibody-mediated immune checkpoint blockade therapies has transformed the cancer therapy paradigm by demonstrating that durable antitumor immune responses and long-term remissions may be achieved in a subset of patients across a diverse range of cancers. However, the majority of patients fail to respond to antibody therapies targeting single immune checkpoint pathways and antibodies exhibit a long in vivo half-life (&gt;15-20 days with &gt;70% target occupancy for months) which may contribute to the emergence of immune-related adverse events. Additionally, antibody therapies must be administered by intravenous infusion in a hospital or clinic which places an additional burden on patients who may have mobility challenges. Thus, there is a significant opportunity for a novel immune checkpoint therapy that can address the shortcomings associated with the current antibody therapies. CA-170 is a small molecule, orally bioavailable antagonist of the PD-L1, PD-L2 and VISTA/PD-1H immune checkpoint pathways which is currently undergoing Phase I clinical testing. In preclinical safety studies conducted in rodents and non-human primates, orally administered CA-170 shows no signs of toxicity when dosed up to 1000 mg/kg for 28 consecutive days. CA-170 exhibits an oral bioavailability of approximately 40% and &lt;10% in mouse and monkey, respectively, and the plasma half-life ranges from approximately 0.5 hours for mouse to approximately 3.25-4.0 hours for cynomolgus monkey. The ability of CA-170 to disrupt the signaling of PD-1/PD-L1/2 or VISTA/PD-1H has been inferred though in vitro functional studies. CA-170 exhibits potent activity comparable to that of blocking PD-1 or VISTA antibodies when tested in cell culture assays to rescue the proliferation or IFN-γ secretion of lymphocytes stimulated in the presence of inhibitory PD-L1, PD-L2 or VISTA/PD-1H proteins. In mice, orally administered CA-170 inhibits the growth of syngeneic tumors, enhances peripheral T cell activation, and promotes the activation of tumor infiltrating CD8+ T cells in a dose dependent manner. These non-clinical data provide a strong rational for the continued Phase I clinical development of CA-170, the first oral, small molecule immune checkpoint antagonist for the treatment of advanced cancers. Citation Format: Adam S. Lazorchak, Troy Patterson, Yueyun Ding, Pottayil G. Sasikumar, Naremaddepalli S. Sudarshan, Nagaraj M. Gowda, Raghuveer K. Ramachandra, Dodheri S. Samiulla, Sanjeev Giri, Rajesh Eswarappa, Murali Ramachandra, David Tuck, Timothy Wyant. CA-170, an oral small molecule PD-L1 and VISTA immune checkpoint antagonist, promotes T cell immune activation and inhibits tumor growth in pre-clinical models of cancer. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Special Conference on Tumor Immunology and Immunotherapy; 2016 Oct 20-23; Boston, MA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Immunol Res 2017;5(3 Suppl):Abstract nr A36.
Sub-Sampled Cross-Component Prediction for Emerging Video Coding Standards (2021)

Cross-component linear model (CCLM) prediction has been repeatedly proven to be effective in reducing the inter-channel redundancies in video compression. Essentially speaking, the linear model is identically trained by employing accessible luma and chroma reference samples at both encoder and decoder, elevating the level of operational complexity due to the least square regression or max-min based model parameter derivation. In this paper, we investigate the capability of the linear model in the context of sub-sampled based cross-component correlation mining, as a means of significantly releasing the operation burden and facilitating the hardware and software design for both encoder and decoder. In particular, the sub-sampling ratios and positions are elaborately designed by exploiting the spatial correlation and the inter-channel correlation. Extensive experiments verify that the proposed method is characterized by its simplicity in operation and robustness in terms of rate-distortion performance, leading to the adoption by Versatile Video Coding (VVC) standard and the third generation of Audio Video Coding Standard (AVS3).
Ginkgo Biloba Extract Reduces Endothelial Progenitor-Cell Senescence Through Augmentation of Telomerase Activity (2007)

Our previous studies have shown that Ginkgo biloba extract increased endothelial progenitor-cell (EPC) numbers and functional activity. However, the mechanisms remain to be determined. Recent studies have demonstrated that increased EPC numbers and activity were associated with the inhibition of EPC senescence, which involved activation of telomerase. Therefore, we investigated whether Ginkgo biloba extract inhibited the onset of EPC senescence through telomerase activation, leading to potentiation of cellular activity. After ex vivo cultivation, EPCs became senescent as determined by acidic ss-galactosidase staining. Ginkgo biloba extract dose-dependently prevented the onset of EPC senescence in culture. Moreover, Ginkgo biloba extract increased proliferation of EPCs as assessed by MTT assay and colony-forming capacity. To get further insights into the underlying mechanisms of these effects, we measured telomerase activity and determined the phosphorylation of Akt by Western blotting. Ginkgo biloba extract significantly increased telomerase activity and phosphorylation of the serine/threonine protein kinase Akt, a downstream effector of phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K). Moreover, pretreatment with PI3K inhibitor, LY294002, significantly attenuated the Ginkgo biloba extract-induced telomerase activity. Taken together, the results indicated that Ginkgo biloba extract delayed the onset of EPC senescence, which may be related to activation of telomerase through the PI3k/Akt signaling pathway. The inhibition of EPC senescence by Ginkgo biloba extract in vitro may improve the functional activity of EPCs in a way that is important for potential cell therapy.
Nimodipine Improves Cerebral Blood Flow and Neurologic Recovery after Complete Cerebral Ischemia in the Dog (1983)

Ten minutes of complete ischemia was produced in 11 dogs by temporary ligation of the aorta. Immediately before the ischemic episode, the dogs received nimodipine, a new calcium entry blocker, 10 μg kg −1 , i.v., followed by an infusion of 1 μg kg −1 min −1 for 2 h. Post-ischemic cerebral blood flow and metabolism were measured for 120 min in six dogs. Neurologic recovery was evaluated 48 h post-ischemia in five dogs. The results were compared to previously determined controls. Nimodipine nearly doubled cerebral blood flow in the delayed post-ischemic hypoperfusion period, compared to untreated dogs (approximately 45% versus 25% of pre-ischemic control values), but had no significant effect on metabolism. Nimodipine also improved neurologic recovery. Four of five treated dogs were normal and one was moderately damaged, whereas six of seven controls were either severely damaged or dead. This suggests that the delayed hypoperfusion state occurring after complete cerebral ischemia probably does contribute to the ultimate neurologic damage, and that nimodipine offers a potential protective effect.
Optionally filling scalable complex of universal DC motor controllers and multisensory converters for mobile robotics (2015)

This paper describes the complex of prospective hardware for mobile robotics which structural-functional content is formed on the basis of requirements to control objects - electrical drives of actuators, characteristics of feedback circuits, structure and composition of an on-board data-measuring system of the design mechatronic system.
Automatic Classification and Response of E-mails (2010)

Communication Technologies, the electronic mail has evolved as a convenient medium of communication and interactivity. In E-learning domain, tutors spend much time to process a large amount of e-mails. The focus of this paper is to propose a multi-agents system called EQASTO (Emails Question Answering System using Text-mining and Ontological techniques) that is able to relieve the burden of e-mails processing. For this purpose, a combination of text-mining and ontological techniques will be useful to mine and classify semantically e-mails, fetch, generate, and send answers automatically to learners.
Biological effects of exposure to magnetic resonance imaging: an overview (2004)

The literature on biological effects of magnetic and electromagnetic fields commonly utilized in magnetic resonance imaging systems is surveyed here. After an introduction on the basic principles of magnetic resonance imaging and the electric and magnetic properties of biological tissues, the basic phenomena to understand the bio-effects are described in classical terms. Values of field strengths and frequencies commonly utilized in these diagnostic systems are reported in order to allow the integration of the specific literature on the bio-effects produced by magnetic resonance systems with the vast literature concerning the bio-effects produced by electromagnetic fields. This work gives an overview of the findings about the safety concerns of exposure to static magnetic fields, radio-frequency fields, and time varying magnetic field gradients, focusing primarily on the physics of the interactions between these electromagnetic fields and biological matter. The scientific literature is summarized, integrated, and critically analyzed with the help of authoritative reviews by recognized experts, international safety guidelines are also cited.