gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Novel reconstruction and feature exploitation techniques for sensorless freehand 3D ultrasound (2010)

Out-of-plane motion in freehand 3D ultrasound can be estimated using the correlation of corresponding patches, leading to sensorless freehand 3D ultrasound systems. The correlation between two images is related to their distance by calibrating the ultrasound probe: the probe is moved with an accurate stage (or with a robot in this work) and images of a phantom are collected, such that the position of each image is known. Since parts of the calibration curve with higher derivative gives lower displacement estimation error, previous work limits displacement estimation to parts with maximum derivative. In this paper, we first propose a novel method for exploiting the entire calibration curve by using a maximum likelihood estimator (MLE). We then propose for the first time using constrains inside the image to enhance the accuracy of out-of-plane motion estimation. We specifically use continuity constraint of a needle to reduce the variance of the estimated out-of-plane motion. Simulation and real tissue experimental results are presented.
A Bacterial Small-Molecule Three-Hybrid System (2002)

Eine Methode der In-vivo-Affinitäts-Chromatographie, der Hefe-drei-Hybrid-Assay, vereinfacht die Proteinidentifizierung und -anreicherung nach Abschluss des Affinitäts-Panning. Das beschriebene bakterielle System sollte die Zahl der zu untersuchenden Proteinvarianten um mehrere Größenordnungen erhöhen (siehe Bild: SLF=synthetisches Analogon zu FK506, Mtx=Methotrexat, FKBP12=FK506-Bindungsprotein 12, DHFR=Dihydrofolat-Reduktase, λcI=λ-Repressor, αNTD=N-terminaler Bereich der α-Untereinheit von RNA Pol, RNA Pol=RNA-Polymerase). Supporting information for this article is available on the WWW under http://www.angewandte.org or from the author. Supporting information for this article is available on the WWW under http://www.wiley-vch.de/contents/jc_2001/2002/z18636_s.pdf or from the author. Please note: The publisher is not responsible for the content or functionality of any supporting information supplied by the authors. Any queries (other than missing content) should be directed to the corresponding author for the article.
Testing and Modeling of a Semi-Closed Gas Turbine Cycle Integrated With a Vapor Absorption Refrigeration System (2006)

A novel cooling and power cycle has been proposed that combines a semi-closed cycle gas turbine called the High Pressure Regenerative Turbine Engine (HPRTE) with a vapor absorption refrigeration system (VARS). The refrigeration cycle (VARS) interacts with the power cycle (HPRTE) solely through heat transfer in the generator and the evaporator. Waste heat from the recirculated combustion gas of the HPRTE is used to power the absorption refrigeration unit, which cools the high-pressure compressor inlet of the HPRTE to below ambient conditions and also produces excess refrigeration, in an amount which depends on ambient conditions. Water produced as a product of combustion is intentionally condensed in the evaporator of the VARS, which is designed to provide sufficient cooling for three purposes: chilling the inlet air to the high pressure compressor, water extraction, and for an external cooling load. In a previous study, the combined cycle was modeled using zero-dimensional steady-state thermodynamics, with the specified values of efficiencies and pressure drops for the turbo-machinery and heat exchangers. The model predicts that the combined cycle with steam blade cooling for a medium-sized engine will have a thermal efficiency of 49%, in addition to the external refrigeration load generated in the cycle which is 13% of the net work output. It also produces about 1.4 kg of water for each kg of fuel (propane) consumed. A small experimental unit demonstrating the HPRTE/VARS combined cycle has been constructed and is currently being tested in the Energy & Gas-dynamic Systems Laboratory at the University of Florida. A 45 HP Rover 1S-60 engine is integrated with a NH3/H2O vapor absorption refrigeration unit having a capacity of 19 Ton Refrigeration. The engine flow-path has been significantly modified to include partial recirculation of exhaust products, turbocharging, and recuperation, thus implementing the HPRTE concept. In addition, a significant modeling effort has been undertaken to simulate the combined cycle operation under design and off-design conditions. Initial experimental results show good agreement with the model predictions, including overall efficiency and water extraction rates.
Pathogenicity and Molecular Analysis of an Infectious Bursal Disease Virus Isolated from Malaysian Village Chickens (2004)

The characteristics of the pathogenic infectious bursal disease virus (IBDV) that infected avian species other than commercial chickens were largely unknown. In this study, by using in vivo and molecular methods, we had characterized an IBDV isolate (named 94268) isolated from an infectious bursal disease (IBD) outbreak in Malaysian village chickens--the adulterated descendant of the Southeast Asian jungle fowl (Gallus bankiva) that were commonly reared in the backyard. The 94268 isolate was grouped as the very virulent IBDV (vvIBDV) strain because it caused severe lesions and a high mortality rate in village chickens (>88%) and experimentally infected specific-pathogen-free chickens (>66%). In addition, it possessed all of the vvIBDV molecular markers in its VP2 gene. Phylogenetic analysis using distance, maximum parsimony, and maximum likelihood methods revealed that 94268 was monophyletic with other vvIBDV isolates and closely related to the Malaysian vvIBDV isolates. Given that the VP2 gene of 94268 isolate was almost identical and evolutionarily closely related to other field IBDV isolates that affected the commercial chickens, we therefore concluded that IBD infections had spread across the farm boundary. IBD infection in the village chicken may represent an important part of the IBD epidemiology because these birds could harbor the vvIBDV strain and should not be overlooked in the control and prevention of the disease.
Organic field-effect transistors based on a crosslinkable polymer blend as the semiconducting layer (2005)

For fabrication of top-gate polymer-based organic field-effect transistors (OFETs), it is essential that the semiconducting layer remain intact during spin coating of the overlying dielectric layer. This requirement severely limits the applicable solvent and materials combinations. We show here that a crosslinkable polymer blend consisting of a p-type semiconducting polymer {e.g., TFB; poly[9,9-dioctyl-fluorene-co-N-(4-butylphenyl)-diphenylamine]} and an electroactive crosslinkable silyl reagent {e.g., TPDSi2; 4,4′-bis[(p-trichloro-silylpropylphenyl)phenylamino]biphenyl} is effective as the semiconducting layer in a top-gate bottom-contact OFET device. The TFB+TPDSi2 semiconducting blend is prepared by spin-coating in ambient. The crosslinking process occurs during spin-coating in air and is completed by curing at 90 °C, which renders the resulting film insoluble in common organic solvents and allows subsequent deposition of dielectric layers from a wide range of organic solvents. We also show that the presence of TPDSi2 in the semiconductor layer significantly reduces typical TFB-source-drain threshold voltages in bottom-contact devices, likely due to favorable interfacial TPDSi2-gold electrode interactions.
Mathematical modelling for the condenser method of trans-epidermal water loss measurements (2007)

The condenser method with a closed chamber is a novel technology for measuring water vapour flux density, especially for trans-epidermal water loss (TEWL). Although it is originally designed for skin measurements, it can be used for many other materials, such as thin-film polymers, textile, fruit and food, building material, etc. By measuring the water vapour flux density that comes out of the material, we can understand the drying process, permeability and integrity of the material. In this paper, we model the temperature and humidity distribution within the measurement chamber, in order to have a better understanding on issues such as: the optimum position of relative humidity (RH) sensor and temperature sensor within the measurement chamber, the effect of condenser on sample surface temperature, the effect of air diffusivity, and the dynamic distributions of humidity and temperature within the measurement chamber during measurements.
Traffic smoothing effects of bit dropping in a packet voice multiplexer (1989)

The performance of a packet voice multiplexer queue in which the less significant bits of voiced packets are dropped during states of congestion in the multiplexer is examined. Using the results of simulation and analytical modeling, it is illustrated that bit dropping of voice packets significantly smooth the burstiness of superposition packet voice traffic by speeding up the packet service rate during critical periods of congestion in the queue. The smoothing effect renders it possible to approximate the superposition by a Poisson process for modeling a packet voice multiplexer with bit dropping. By comparison with a simulation, an analytical model based on the Poisson assumption is shown to produce quite accurate performance predictions. The results indicate that significant capacity and performance advantages are gained in the multiplexer as a result of the bit-dropping scheme.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Room‐Temperature Liquid Na–K Anode Membranes (2018)

Abstract The Na–K alloy is a liquid at 25 °C over a large compositional range. The liquid alloy is also immiscible in the organic‐liquid electrolytes of an alkali‐ion rechargeable battery, providing dendrite‐free liquid alkali‐metal batteries with a liquid–liquid anode‐electrolyte interface at room temperature. The two liquids are each immobilized in a porous matrix. In previous work, the porous matrix used to immobilize the alloy was a carbon paper that is wet by the alloy at 420 °C; the alloy remains in the paper at room temperature. Here we report a room‐temperature vacuum infiltration of the alloy into a porous Cu or Al membrane and a reversible stripping/plating of the liquid alloy with the immobilized organic‐liquid electrolyte; no self‐diacharge is observed since the liquid Na–K does not dissolve into the liquid carbonate electrolytes. The preparation and stripping/plating of the liquid alkali‐metal anode can both now be done safely at room temperature.
Optimization of Tapered Photonic Crystal Fibers for Blue-Enhanced Supercontinuum Generation (2012)

Tapering of photonic crystal fibers is an effective way of shifting the dispersive wavelength edge of a supercontinuum spectrum down in the deep-blue. We discuss the optimum taper profile for blue-enhanced supercontinuum generation.
Selection of binding proteins that specifically recognize protofibrillar aggregates of amyloid-β (2015)

Selection of binding proteins that specifically recognize protofibrillar aggregates of amyloid-β
Macroscopic Visualization of Fast Electrochemical Reaction of SrCoO<i><sub>x</sub></i> Oxygen Sponge (2019)

Abstract Strontium cobaltite (SrCoO x ) is known as a material showing fast topotactic electrochemical redox reaction so‐called ‘oxygen sponge'. Although atomic scale phenomenon of the oxidation of SrCoO 2.5 into SrCoO 3 is known, the macroscopic phenomenon has not been clarified yet thus far. Here, the electrochemical oxidation of SrCoO x is visualized macroscopically. SrCoO x epitaxial films with various oxidation states are prepared by the electrochemical oxidation of SrCoO 2.5 film into SrCoO 3− δ film. Steep decrease of both resistivity and the absolute value of thermopower of electrochemically oxidized SrCoO x epitaxial films indicate the columnar oxidation first occurred along with the surface normal and then spread in the perpendicular to the normal. Further, the phenomena are directly visualized using the conductive atomic force microscopy. This macroscopic imaging of the electrochemical oxidation will be useful to develop a functional device utilizing the electrochemical redox reaction of SrCoO x .
Structural properties of low temperature plasma enhanced chemical vapor deposited silicon oxide films using disilane and nitrous oxide (1995)

The structural properties of low temperature plasma enhanced chemical vapor deposited SiO2 films using Si2H6 and N 2O have been studied. It is observed that the degree of compaction of as-deposited SiO2 films, upon subsequent annealing, increases up to 4%. The shift of Si-O-Si stretching peak wave number of the as-deposited SiO 2 films (Δω=−20 cm−1) compared to the undensified SiO 2 films is attributed to 9.4% increase in the film density, resulting in smaller Si-O-Si bridging bond angle of 138°. It is also believed that the high temperature annealing results in the reduction of hydroxyl containing species in the film and in turn drives the dielectric constant towards that of thermal SiO2 films.
Vitreous Carbon: A New Material for Making Microtome Knives (1983)

The quality of sections obtained by microtomy depends to a large extent on the quality and characteristics of the microtome knife itself. Despite the need for improved microtomy techniques, there have been few significant developments since the introduction of glass and diamond knives in the 1950's. The manufacture of microtome knives from vitreous carbon provides new possibilities for developing both improved methods and improved equipment for specimen sectioning. Vitreous carbon has unique physical properties that lend themselves to the generation of precision cutting edges. Such as edge can be obtained either by breaking a piece of vitreous carbon or by using lapidary techniques. The resultant edge seems well adapted to both thick and thin sectioning. The introduction of vitreous carbon as a sectioning tool offers a significant alternative to metal, glass and diamond knives.
Monitoring Location and Angular Orientation of a Pill (2012)

A mobile pill transmitter system moves through, or adjacent to, one or more organs in an animal or human body, while transmitting signals from its present location and/or present angular orientation. The system also provides signals from which the present roll angle of the pill, about a selected axis, can be determined. When the location coordinates angular orientation and the roll angle of the pill are within selected ranges, an aperture on the pill container releases a selected chemical into, or onto, the body. Optionally, the pill, as it moves, provides a sequence of visually perceptible images. The times for image formation may correspond to times at which the pill transmitter system location or image satisfies one of at least four criteria. This invention provides and supplies an algorithm for exact determination of location coordinates and angular orientation coordinates for a mobile pill transmitter (PT), or other similar device that is introduced into, and moves within, a GI tract of a human or animal body. A set of as many as eight nonlinear equations has been developed and applied, relating propagation of a wireless signal between either two, three, or more transmitting antennas located on the PT, to four or more non-coplanar receiving antennas located on a signal receiver appliance worn by the user. The equations are solved exactly, without approximations or iterations, and are applied in several environments: (1) association of a visual image, transmitted by the PT at each of a second sequence of times, with a PT location and PT angular orientation at that time; (2) determination of a position within the body at which a drug or chemical substance or other treatment is to be delivered to a selected portion of the body; (3) monitoring, after delivery, of the effect(s) of administration of the treatment; and (4) determination of one or more positions within the body where provision and examination of a finer-scale image is warranted.
Experimental evaluation of single-aperture range finder (2015)

Single aperture range finders with eye safe lasers due to their smaller size and simplified design have a strong potential for wide implementation in military and commercial systems. In this paper we present the results of experimental evaluation of a single aperture laser range finder. The new design operates at eye safe wavelength range around 1535 nm and uses passively Q switched laser for illumination. The optical circulator is used to separate the detection and illumination channels. The measurements of the power budget and ranging performance evaluation for the new design are discussed.
Maze Routing Steiner Trees With Delay Versus Wire Length Tradeoff (2009)

In this paper, we address the problem of generating good topologies of rectilinear Steiner trees using path search algorithms. Various techniques have been applied in order to achieve acceptable run times on a maze router that builds Steiner trees. A biasing technique proposed for wire length improvement, produces trees that are within 2% from optimal topologies in average. By introducing a sharing factor and a path-length factor we show how to trade-off wire length for delay. Experimental results show that our algorithm generates topologies with better delay compared to state of the art heuristics for Steiner trees, such as AHHK (from 26% to 40%) and P-Trees (from 1% to 30% and from 6% to 21% in the presence of blockages) while keeping the properties of a routing algorithm. An important motivation for this work lies in the fact that it can be used for estimation in the early stages as well as for actual routing, thereby improving the convergence and timing closure of the design significantly. We also provide some valuable theoretical background and insights on delay optimization and on how it relates to our maze router implementation.
Characterization of A2B5<sup>+</sup> glial precursor cells from cryopreserved human fetal brain progenitor cells (2002)

The identification and characterization of human neural precursor cells are critical in extending our understanding of central nervous system development from model animal systems to our own species. Moreover, availability of well-characterized populations of human cells is of potential value in endeavors ranging from cell transplantation to drug screening. We have isolated a population of continuously dividing glial-restricted precursor cells from commercially available cryopreserved 18-20 weeks old fetal brain neural progenitor cells. These human glial-restricted precursor cells are A2B5(+) and do not express polysialylated E-NCAM (PSA-NCAM). They can be grown as purified populations in serum-free medium supplemented with basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) and can be induced to generate cells with the antigenic characteristics of oligodendrocytes and distinct astrocytic populations.
Oral arsenic trioxide in the treatment of relapsed acute promyelocytic leukemia (2003)

Oral potassium arsenite used to be an important antileukemic agent[1][1] until the 1950s, when it was surpassed by modern chemo-therapeutic drugs. The use of arsenic resurged when its high efficacy was shown in acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL).[2][2],[3][3] However, to date, only intravenous As2O3
<i>In Vivo</i> Perturbation of Lysosomal Function Promotes Neurodegeneration in the PS1 <sub>M146V</sub> /APP <sub>K670N,M671L</sub> Mouse Model of Alzheimer's Disease Pathology (2001)

In Alzheimer's disease, marked activation of the neuronal lysosomal system develops at a very early stage of the disease and intensifies as neurons become evidently compromised. This response, which occurs in virtually all neurons within cell populations susceptible to Alzheimer's disease, is characterized by lysosome proliferation, elevated gene expression and synthesis of lysosmal acid hydrolases, and increased lysosomal protease levels and activities.
Alloying based laser welding of galvanized steel (2000)

A new technique for laser welding of galvanized steel in lap configuration is presented followed by test results. In galvanized steel welding, zinc is the main source of porosity because of its low boiling point. The paper describes a novel alloying based lap welding technique of zinc coated steels which delivers sound and reproducible welds with negligible porosity. Mechanical testing and X-Ray elemental mapping results of the samples made using this technique are also presented for validation.
Speckle-Free Laser Imaging with Random Laser Illumination (2012)

Spatial coherence in imaging has one notorious consequence: speckle. It corrupts images and limits laser use in applications ranging from modern microscopy to digital light projectors to photolithography. Most approaches for eliminating speckle involve time-averaging independent speckle patterns, which limits the imaging speed. We have taken a different approach-instead of averaging out the speckle that is already present, we prevent speckle formation by using an unconventional random laser.
Maximum Efficiency Tracking Control Method for WPT System Based on Dynamic Coupling Coefficient Identification and Impedance Matching Network (2019)

Transfer efficiency (TE) is an important research topic in the practical application of a wireless power transfer (WPT) system. WPT system is a loosely coupled system; the coupling coefficient changes drastically due to the relative movement of the transmitting and receiving sides. It is difficult to achieve maximum efficiency tracking (MET) only from the research of frequency tracking, impedance matching, and system parameters under a fixed coupling coefficient. This article proposes a novel MET control method of the WPT system with optimized T-type impedance matching network under the real-time identification of a coupling coefficient to realize the MET control. This method synthetically analyzes the nonlinearity of the rectifier circuit, the identification of coupling coefficient, the variation of load resistor, and the controllability of the output voltage, involving the main factors of the MET control. The simulation and experimental results show that the WPT system has a good performance on MET and constant output voltage control; the validity and accuracy of the proposed MET control method are consistently verified.