gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Differences between dielectric barrier discharge plasma actuators with cylindrical and rectangular exposed electrodes (2010)

Surface dielectric barrier discharges (DBDs) used as plasma actuators can induce significant time-averaged forces in nearby neutral gases. For single-barrier actuators (one electrode insulated) these forces are dependent on the geometry of the exposed electrode. We demonstrate that using thin cylindrical exposed electrodes can increase the induced force by several hundred percent compared with an actuator with a rectangular exposed electrode of the same thickness. This difference is due almost exclusively to the extent of the exposed electrode in the same direction as the gap between the two electrodes, which tends to be much longer for actuators constructed with rectangular exposed electrodes. The exact shape of the electrode cross-section plays no role. In addition, using an intensified digital camera we observed a new filament-free plasma that occurred only in discharges with exposed electrodes smaller than approximately 0.15 mm in diameter. These discharges spent an increasing fraction of the applied voltage period in this mode as we reduced the exposed electrode diameter. The mode shared several characteristics with a positive corona, and was partially responsible for a decrease in the electrical power used by these discharges.
Synthesis of polyphosphazenes with isothiocyanato, thiourethane, and thiourea side groups (1991)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTSynthesis of polyphosphazenes with isothiocyanato, thiourethane, and thiourea side groupsHarry R. Allcock and J. Steven RuttCite this: Macromolecules 1991, 24, 10, 2852–2857Publication Date (Print):May 1, 1991Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 May 1991https://doi.org/10.1021/ma00010a033RIGHTS & PERMISSIONSArticle Views248Altmetric-Citations7LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (766 KB) Get e-Alerts Get e-Alerts
Postsynthetic Guanine Arylation of DNA by Suzuki−Miyaura Cross-Coupling (2010)

Direct radical addition reactions at the C(8)-site of 2'-deoxyguanosine (dG) can afford C(8)-Ar-dG adducts that are produced by carcinogenic arylhydrazines, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, and certain phenolic toxins. Such modified nucleobases are also highly fluorescent for sensing applications and possess useful electron transfer properties. The site-specific synthesis of oligonucleotides containing the C(8)-Ar-G adduct can be problematic. These lesions are sensitive to acids and oxidants that are commonly used in solid-phase DNA synthesis and are too bulky to be accepted as substrates for enzymatic synthesis by DNA polymerases. Using the Suzuki-Miyaura cross-coupling reaction, we have synthesized a number of C(8)-Ar-G-modified oligonucleotides (dimers, trimers, decamers, and a 15-mer) using a range of arylboronic acids. Good to excellent yields were obtained, and the reaction is insensitive to the nature of the bases flanking the convertible 8-Br-G nucleobase, as both pyrimidines and purines are tolerated. The impact of the C(8)-Ar-G lesion was also characterized by electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry, UV melting temperature analysis, circular dichroism, and fluorescence spectroscopy. The C(8)-Ar-G-modified oligonucleotides are expected to be useful substrates for diagnostic applications and understanding the biological impact of the C(8)-Ar-G lesion.
Bile acids and ceramide overcome the entry restriction for GII.3 human norovirus replication in human intestinal enteroids (2020)

Human noroviruses (HuNoVs) cause sporadic and epidemic outbreaks of gastroenteritis in all age groups worldwide. We previously reported that stem cell-derived human intestinal enteroid (HIE) cultures support replication of multiple HuNoV strains and that some strains (e.g., GII.3) replicate only in the presence of bile. Heat- and trypsin-treatment of bile did not reduce GII.3 replication, indicating a nonproteinaceous component in bile functions as an active factor. Here we show that bile acids (BAs) are critical for GII.3 replication and replication correlates with BA hydrophobicity. Using the highly effective BA, glycochenodeoxycholic acid (GCDCA), we show BAs act during the early stage of infection, BA-dependent replication in HIEs is not mediated by detergent effects or classic farnesoid X receptor or Takeda G protein-coupled receptor 5 signaling but involves another G protein-coupled receptor, sphingosine-1-phosphate receptor 2, and BA treatment of HIEs increases particle uptake. We also demonstrate that GCDCA induces multiple cellular responses that promote GII.3 replication in HIEs, including enhancement of 1) endosomal uptake, 2) endosomal acidification and subsequent activity of endosomal/lysosomal enzyme acid sphingomyelinase (ASM), and 3) ceramide levels on the apical membrane. Inhibitors of endosomal acidification or ASM reduce GII.3 infection and exogenous addition of ceramide alone permits infection. Furthermore, inhibition of lysosomal exocytosis of ASM, which is required for ceramide production at the apical surface, decreases GII.3 infection. Together, our results support a model where GII.3 exploits rapid BA-mediated cellular endolysosomal dynamic changes and cellular ceramide to enter and replicate in jejunal HIEs.
Integrins in vascular development (1999)

Many growth factors and their protein kinase receptors play a role in regulating vascular development. In addition, cell adhesion molecules, such as integrins and their ligands in the extracellular matrix, play important roles in the adhesion, migration, proliferation, survival and differentiation of the cells that form the vasculature. Some integrins are known to be regulated by angiogenic growth factors and studies with inhibitors of integrin functions and using strains of mice lacking specific integrins clearly implicate some of these molecules in vasculogenesis and angiogenesis. However, the data are incomplete and sometimes discordant and it is unclear how angiogenic growth factors and integrin-mediated adhesive events cooperate in the diverse cell biological processes involved in forming the vasculature. Consideration of the results suggests working hypotheses and raises questions for future research directions.
A further characterization of B-CLL lymphocytes: phenotypic and functional studies. (1990)

The CLL-B lymphocytes are characterized by the surface expression of B cell markers (CD19, CD20, HLA-DR) and of a low intensity IgM. The presence of T antigens (CD5, CD1) may be related either to the activation stage of these cells, either to their origin from a distinct B subset. In contrast, the detection of B5, CD25, CD71 and CD38 activation markers clearly demonstrated that the B-CLL lymphocyte is a preactivated or activated cell, at various phases of the cellular cycle. Functional studies revealed that B-CLL lymphocytes are susceptible to the effects of several interleukins (BCGF(s), IL2, IFN alpha). The inhibition of the response to IL2 by IL4 has important implications for the potential use of cytokines in the management of B-CLL patients.
Design, Fabrication, and Testing of a Sheathed Embolization Device (2017)

Endovascular embolization is an interventional procedure to seal off diseased vasculature from systemic circulation. Shape memory polymer (SMP) foams are a promising embolic material that can undergo shape change when exposed to stimuli, exhibit a positive healing response, and aid in rapid occlusion. SMP foams are porous materials that are composed of struts and membranes that pose a risk of generating particles during device fabrication or delivery. Herein, a sheathed embolization device (SED) was designed, fabricated, and tested to occlude a left atrial appendage (LAA) and to mitigate the generation of foam particles. \n\nThe SED consists of a thin polyurethane membrane that fully encapsulates the SMP foam, and is able to undergo shape change from a compressed state to an expanded state. Material properties of the device were characterized with differential scanning calorimetry, scanning electron microscopy, and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. The SED was tested in terms of its ability to occlude a patient-derived LAA model, its deliverability, and its ability to reduce particles. \n\nResults from the studies demonstrate the SED’s ability to be delivered minimally invasively, reduce particles, and occlude mock vasculature. Upon actuation in body-temperature fluid the SED achieved a 10x diameter expansion, making it ideal for endovascular applications. These preliminary results support the potential to utilize SEDs to occlude vasculature while mitigating the risk of unintended ischemia due to device-based particles. The results also demonstrate the potential to integrate the SED with third- party devices or components to develop functional embolization devices, such as left atrial appendage closure devices.
Programming paper networks for point of care diagnostics (2013)

Lateral flow tests (LFTs) are well-suited for rapid point-of-care testing in low resource settings. The wicking action of the paper strip moves the sample and reagents through the device without a need for pumps, but LFTs are typically limited to tests that can be carried out in a single fluidic step. The materials from LFTs can be reconfigured to create paper networks that automatically carry out multi-step fluidic operations, while retaining the same easy-to-use format as a conventional LFT. Here, we describe basic principles of wicking and system-level behavior of paper networks by analogy to electrical circuits. We describe key design principles for a previously-developed 2D paper network (2DPN) and introduce an alternative linear paper network (Pseudo-1DPN) that takes advantage of system-level behavior to perform clean sequential fluid delivery while reducing device running time.
Physics and applications of nanotubes (2022)

Nanotubes have been pursued aggressively over the last three decades. Significant progress has been made in the selective growth and post-synthetic sorting of highly monodisperse carbon nanotubes, in understanding their physics, and in assembling and integrating them into high-performance devices. These discoveries have led to promising applications in areas such as high-performance CMOS, high-speed RF, thin-film transistors, flexible electronics, thermoelectrics, sensors, and optoelectronics. The rapid development of modern information technology depends on the exploitation of new and novel materials, and nanotubes have emerged as promising candidates for the post-Moore's Law era. This Special Topic on Physics and Applications of Nanotubes provides a valuable forum where researchers studying the fundamentals of nanotubes can share their most recent and novel findings.
Buffon's needle model based walker recognition with distributed binary sensor networks (2012)

This paper presents a novel distributed binary sensing paradigm for walker recognition based on a well-known geometric probability model: Buffon's needle. The research aims to achieve a low-data-throughput gait biometric system suitable for wireless sensor network applications. We presents two types of Buffon's needle (BN) models for gait recognition: (1) a classical BN model based on a static distribution of limb motions; and (2) a hidden Markov BN model based on a dynamic distribution of limb motions. These two models are used to estimate static and dynamic gait features, respectively. By utilizing the random projection principle and the information geometry of binary variables, invariant measures of gait features are developed that can be independent of the walking path of subjects. We have performed both simulations and experiments to verify the proposed sensing theories. Although the experiments are based on a pyroelectric sensor network, the proposed sensing paradigm can be extended to various sensing modalities.
Using A Two-Scintillator Paddle Telescope for Cosmic Ray Flux Measurements (2022)

A two-scintillator paddle muon telescope with variable angular acceptance at the earth's surface was used to study correlations between flux distribution and barometric pressure. The detector was placed in 2 different locations around Georgia State University with varying paddle separations of 0, 7, and 14 inches. Correlation and anti-correlation analyses were conducted by using the muon count from the detector along with the barometric pressure, surface temperature, stratospheric temperature and solar activity. It was observed that there was a short and long-term variation relationship between cosmic ray counts and barometric pressure and also cosmic ray counts and temperature. No significant relationship was found between cosmic ray flux and solar activity. A new two-scintillator paddle telescope with larger detecting area was constructed in order to observe a stronger correlation between cosmic ray flux and pressure.
Staudinger Ligation as a Method for Bioconjugation (2011)

In 1919 the German chemist Hermann Staudinger was the first to describe the reaction between an azide and a phosphine. It was not until recently, however, that Bertozzi and co-workers recognized the potential of this reaction as a method for bioconjugation and transformed it into the so-called Staudinger ligation. The bio-orthogonal character of both the azide and the phosphine functions has resulted in the Staudinger ligation finding numerous applications in various complex biological systems. For example, the Staudinger ligation has been utilized to label glycans, lipids, DNA, and proteins. Moreover, the Staudinger ligation has been used as a synthetic method to construct glycopeptides, microarrays, and functional biopolymers. In the emerging field of bio-orthogonal ligation strategies, the Staudinger ligation has set a high standard to which most of the new techniques are often compared. This Review summarizes recent developments and new applications of the Staudinger ligation.
Serum Fatty Acid-Binding Protein 4 Is a Predictor of Cardiovascular Events in End-Stage Renal Disease (2011)

These findings suggest that FABP4 level, being related to adiposity and metabolic disorders, is a novel predictor of cardiovascular mortality in ESRD.
Fountain-pen-based laser microstructuring with gold nanoparticle inks (2004)

Employing the fountain-pen principle, a micropipette is used to write an Au nanoparticle ink on glass substrates. A continuous-wave laser (488–515nm) is subsequently used as a controlled, localized energy source to evaporate the carrier liquid (toluene) in the ink and sinter the nanoparticles together thus fabricating continuous gold stripes 5μm in width and a few hundred nanometers in height. The scanning speed, the laser intensity, and the degree of defocusing are identified as important parameters to the successful manufacturing of the gold microstructures. The electrical resistivity of the stripes, within the parametric domain of the present work, is measured to be the order of 10−6Ωm.
<i>In vivo</i> and <i>in vitro</i> Permeability of One-step Self-etch Adhesives (2004)

Adhesive dentistry should effectively restore the peripheral seal of dentin after enamel removal. We hypothesize that non-rinsing, simplified, one-step self-etch adhesives are effective for minimizing dentin permeability after tooth preparation procedures. Crown preparations in vital human teeth were sealed with Adper Prompt, Xeno III, iBond, or One-Up Bond F. Epoxy resin replicas were produced from polyvinyl siloxane impressions for SEM examination. Dentin surfaces from extracted human teeth were bonded with these adhesives and connected to a fluid-transport model for permeability measurements and TEM examination. Dentinal fluid droplets were observed from adhesive surfaces in resin replicas of in vivo specimens. In vitro fluid conductance of dentin bonded with one-step self-etch adhesives was either similar to or greater than that of smear-layer-covered dentin. TEM revealed water trees within the adhesives that facilitate water movement across the polymerized, highly permeable adhesives. Both in vitro and in vivo results did not support the proposed hypothesis.
LC-MS/MS-Based Method for the Multiplex Detection of 24 Fentanyl Analogues and Metabolites in Whole Blood at Sub ng mL<sup>–1</sup> Concentrations (2018)

The United States and numerous other countries worldwide are currently experiencing a public health crisis due to the abuse of illicitly manufactured fentanyl (IMF) and its analogues. This manuscript describes the development of a liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry-based method for the multiplex detection of <i>N</i> = 24 IMF analogues and metabolites in whole blood at concentrations as low as 0.1-0.5 ng mL<sup>-1</sup>. These available IMFs were fentanyl, norfentanyl, furanyl norfentanyl, remifentanil acid, butyryl norfentanyl, remifentanil, acetyl fentanyl, alfentanil, AH-7921, U-47700, acetyl fentanyl 4-methylphenethyl, acrylfentanyl, <i>para</i>-methoxyfentanyl, despropionyl fentanyl (4-ANPP), furanyl fentanyl, despropionyl <i>para</i>-fluorofentanyl, carfentanil, (±)-<i>cis</i>-3-methyl fentanyl, butyryl fentanyl, isobutyryl fentanyl, sufentanil, valeryl fentanyl, <i>para</i>-fluorobutyryl fentanyl, and <i>para</i>-fluoroisobutyryl fentanyl. Most IMF analogues (<i>N</i> = 22) could be easily distinguished from one another; the isomeric forms butyryl/isobutyryl fentanyl and <i>para</i>-fluorobutyryl/<i>para</i>-fluoroisobutyryl fentanyl could not be differentiated. <i>N</i> = 13 of these IMF analogues were quantified for illustrative purposes, and their forensic quality control standards were also validated for limit of detection (0.017-0.056 ng mL<sup>-1</sup>), limit of quantitation (0.100-0.500 ng mL<sup>-1</sup>), selectivity/sensitivity, ionization suppression/enhancement (87-118%), process efficiency (60-95%), recovery (64-97%), bias (<20%), and precision (>80%). This flexible, time- and cost-efficient method was successfully implemented at the Montgomery County Coroner's Office/Miami Valley Regional Crime Laboratory in Dayton, Ohio, where it aided in the analysis of <i>N</i> = 725 postmortem blood samples collected from February 2015 to November 2016.
Correction: The Earliest Fleshy Cone of Ephedra from the Early Cretaceous Yixian Formation of Northeast China (2013)

Bracts of female cones of extant gymnosperm Ephedra (Joint fir) are either colorful and fleshy (section Ephedra), or drywinged and membranous (section Alatae), or dry and coriaceous (section Asarca), which have played a crucial role in longdistance seed dispersal that is responsible for a wide distribution of the genus in semiarid and arid areas of Eurasia, North Africa, North America, and South America. Recent molecular systematic studies on Ephedra have suggested that the fleshy bracts in character evolution may be plesiomorphic relative to the dry, membranous and coriaceous bracts. However, little is known about when the fleshy bracts of Ephedra have made their debut in the geological past. Herein, we describe a novel, fleshy bract-bearing female cone macrofossil from the Early Cretaceous (ca. 120-125 Ma) Yixian Formation in Liaoning, northeastern China. This cone bears three ellipsoid seeds subtended by only one whorl of fleshy bracts. Each seed has a thin outer envelope and an inner integument that extends upward and passes through the opening of the outer envelope, forming a thin and straight micropylar tube. Such a syndrome shows the closest similarity to an extant triovulate species Ephedra intermedia in the section Ephedra, but the latter bears a whorl of terminal fertile bracts and more than one whorl of inferior sterile bracts, and a thick outer envelope. Hence, we establish a new fossil species Ephedra carnosa. Our discovery provides the first direct macrofossil evidence for the previous molecular systematics of Ephedra, implying that the origin of fleshy bracts in Ephedra should not have been later than that of the membranous and coriaceous bracts by at least the Early Cretaceous.
Co-training for search-based automatic image annotation (2008)

Search-based automatic image annotation is an effective technology to enhance the performance of annotation. By integrating the co-training technique, this paper addresses on a novel scheme for search-based image annotation, in which two classifiers can contribute to each other during the training phase. Since each classifier can select some most confident images to enhance the generalization ability of the other one, the co-training learning algorithm is triggered out for automatically mining more and more relevant images, which improve the annotation performance greatly. To characterize the various contribution of each relevant image, the probability output of the classification is taken as the corresponding weight. Moreover, the histogram of retrieved keywords is proposed to re-rank the final reliability of the keywords to be annotated, which can also guarantee the scalability property of annotation to some extent. With the promoted search precision on the basis of co-training strategy, the experimental results demonstrate the improvement of annotation performance.
Towards Efficient Models for Real-Time Deep Noise Suppression (2021)

With recent research advancements, deep learning models are be-coming attractive and powerful choices for speech enhancement in real-time applications. While state-of-the-art models can achieve outstanding results in terms of speech quality and background noise reduction, the main challenge is to obtain compact enough models, which are resource efficient during inference time. An important but often neglected aspect for data-driven methods is that results can be only convincing when tested on real-world data and evaluated with useful metrics. In this work, we investigate reasonably small recurrent and convolutional-recurrent network architectures for speech enhancement, trained on a large dataset considering also reverberation. We show interesting tradeoffs between computational complexity and the achievable speech quality, measured on real recordings using a highly accurate MOS estimator. It is shown that the achievable speech quality is a function of network complexity, and show which models have better tradeoffs.