gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A Polymer NMR Cell for the Study of High-Pressure and Supercritical Fluid Solutions (2000)

Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) offers researchers unique, highly localized molecular information. The importance of this technique is well established in studies using chemical shift, spin coupling, and relaxation times providing detailed structural information, determining chemical equilibria and kinetics, and understanding molecular dynamic processes. However, the widespread application of NMR spectroscopy to high-pressure liquids and supercritical fluids has been limited due to the complexity of the necessary instrumentation. One approach to these studies is to build a dedicated high-pressure probe. Another involves the utilization of a high-pressure cell designed to fit in commercially available probes. Here we present the design and implementation of a simple, three-piece, high-pressure NMR cell constructed of high-performance polymers. The present cell has pressure capabilities of up to 400 bar; however, the ultimate temperature and pressure limits will be determined by the specific polymer chosen. High-resolution NMR spectra of methanol modified and tributyl phosphate (IBP) modified supercritical CO2 are presented. An example of supercritical fluid phase behavior monitored with NMR is demonstrated for the TBP system in which the chemical shift changes in the 31P nucleus as a function of density are indicative of solution phase separation. The multinuclear NMR data demonstrate the utility of this cell for studying supercritical fluid solution systems relevant to analytical separations and extractions.
Storage oil breakdown during embryo development of Brassica napus (L.) (2005)

In this study it is shown that at least 10% of the major storage product of developing embryos of Brassica napus (L.), triacylglycerol, is lost during the desiccation phase of seed development. The metabolism of this lipid was studied by measurements of the fate of label from [1-(14)C]decanoate supplied to isolated embryos, and by measurements of the activities of enzymes of fatty acid catabolism. Measurements on desiccating embryos have been compared with those made on embryos during lipid accumulation and on germinating seedlings. Enzymes of beta-oxidation and the glyoxylate cycle, and phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase were present in embryos during oil accumulation, and increased in activity and abundance as the seeds matured and became desiccated. Although the activities were less than those measured during germination, they were at least comparable to the in vivo rate of fatty acid synthesis in the embryo during development. The pattern of labelling, following metabolism of decanoate by isolated embryos, indicated a much greater involvement of the glyoxylate cycle during desiccation than earlier in oil accumulation, and showed that much of the (14)C-label from decanoate was released as CO(2) at both stages. Sucrose was not a product of decanoate metabolism during embryo development, and therefore lipid degradation was not associated with net gluconeogenic activity. These observations are discussed in the context of seed development, oil yield, and the synthesis of novel fatty acids in plants.
Enhanced performance of longitudinally post-tensioned long-span LVL beams (2010)

The scope of this paper is to highlight the advantages of using longitudinally post-tensioning for long-span timber beams compared to traditional glulam or LVL solutions. The analysis is limited to serviceability limit states for gravity loads. An analtycal iterative procedure which takes into account tendon elongation within beam deflecting has been implemented and validated through experimental tests carried out at the University of Canterbury.In particular, two different static configurations have been studied and different tendon profile configurations (straight and draped) internal and external to the beam section have been investigated and compared with traditional solid timber beams.\nThe experimental results confirm the enhanced performance in terms of deflections at serviceability limit state of the longitudinally post-tensioned solutions with respect to traditional timber beams, especially if external draped tendons are adopted.
A 2T-1R Cell Array with High Dynamic Range for Mismatch-Robust and Efficient Neurocomputing (2020)

Dedicated neuromorphic engines have become indispensable to perform resource-intensive computations involving high-dimensional data on mobile platforms in this era of internet-of-things (IoT) and big data. Vector-by-matrix multiplication (VMM) accelerators form the kernel of these engines. Time-domain based mixed-signal VMM approaches, especially those utilizing emerging non-volatile memory cells as programmable current sources/sinks to realize tunable weights, are arguably the most area- and energy-efficient implementations. However, the cell non-idealities such as capacitive coupling, nonnegligible minimum cell current (I <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">min</inf> ), limited dynamic range (I <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">max</inf> /I <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">min</inf> ) of cell currents, drain-induced barrier lowering and susceptibility to mismatch-effects severely degrades their computational precision and limits their area- and energy- efficiency. Therefore, in this work, for the first time, we propose a novel 2T-1R cell that overcomes these limitations and facilitates the effective realization of the true potential of the time-domain VMM implementations. The preliminary estimates indicate that a computational precision of 6-bits and a record energy-efficiency of ~1.5 PetaOp/J with a throughput of ~3.3 TeraOp/s is achievable in a 200×200 time-domain VMM utilizing the proposed 2T-1R cell array, implemented in the 55-nm technology node, including the contribution of the input/output (I/O) and peripheral circuitry.
Purification and characterization of a specific antigen from <i>Echinococcus multilocularis</i> (1985)

A polypeptide (Em2a) purified by affinity chromatography from the Echinococcus multilocularis metacestode showed a high degree of purity as assayed by SDS-PAGE and analytical isoelectrical focusing. A minor contamination with host albumin was revealed. Estimation of relative mol. mass gave a value of 54,000. The isoelectric point was found to be 4.8. Antigenic activity of the polypeptide was demonstrated by immunoprecipitation and western blotting. In these assays the protein was recognized only by homologous sera from patients infected with larval E. multilocularis. This antigen (Em2a) did not react in the ELISA with sera from patients infected with heterologous helminths; these sera were highly cross-reacting with antigen from E. granulosus hydatid fluid. Seventy-three (94%) from 78 investigated patients (alveolar echinococcosis) showed a seropositive reaction with the polypeptide Em2a.
Comparing the predictive accuracy of health risk appraisal: the Centers for Disease Control versus Carter Center program. (1991)

The results from both types of analyses suggest that the validity of risk ages obtained from the Carter Center version may not be sufficient to justify updating programs for those currently using the CDC instrument.
Novel Barrier Dielectric Liner Prepared by Liquid-Phase Deposition and NH<sub>3</sub>-Plasma Annealing (2000)

A novel barrier dielectric liner prepared by liquid-phase deposition and post-deposition NH 3 -plasma annealing is proposed as a capping layer to be used on damascene trenches of low-permittivity dielectric. The liner technology meets the essential requirements such as (1) thin and conformal deposition, (2) a low leakage current level, and (3) effective blocking of Cu penetration. With this barrier dielectric liner, Cu damascene interconnection is expected to have a low leakage current and high resistance to Cu penetration into the low-permittivity dielectrics even if the barrier metal fails locally.
Synthetic Toll-Like Receptor 4 (TLR4) and TLR7 Ligands as Influenza Virus Vaccine Adjuvants Induce Rapid, Sustained, and Broadly Protective Responses (2015)

Novel adjuvants are needed to enhance immunogenicity and increase the protective breadth of influenza virus vaccines to reduce the seasonal disease burden and ensure pandemic preparedness. We show here that the combination of synthetic Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) and TLR7 ligands is a potent adjuvant for recombinant influenza virus hemagglutinin, inducing rapid and sustained immunity that is protective against influenza viruses in homologous, heterologous, and heterosubtypic challenge models. Combining TLR4 and TLR7 ligands balances Th1- and Th2-type immune responses for long-lived cellular and neutralizing humoral immunity against the viral hemagglutinin. The combined adjuvant has an attractive safety profile and the potential to augment seasonal-vaccine breadth, contribute to a broadly neutralizing universal vaccine formulation, and improve response time in an emerging pandemic.
Fast and Accurate Link Discovery Integrated with Reliable Multicast in 802.11 (2013)

Abstract—Maintaining accurate neighbor information in wireless networks is an important operation upon which many higher layer protocols rely. However, this operation is not supported in the IEEE 802.11 MAC layer, forcing applications that need it to each include their own neighborhood mechanism, creating redundancies and inefficiencies and failing to capitalize on potential synergies with other MAC layer operations. In this work, we propose to integrate link discovery and neighborhood maintenance with a reliable multicast extension to the IEEE 802.11 MAC. We show through simulations that our protocol adapts to neighborhood changes faster than traditional neighborhood maintenance mechanisms, thereby allowing MAC-layer multicast operations to achieve higher delivery rates. We also demonstrate that our protocol can quickly and reliably distinguish between unidirectional and bidirectional links. Traditional mechanisms assume links are bidirectional based on one-way reception of a short “hello” packet, which results in significant problems with higher-layer operations such as routing because of many unidirectional links being classified as bidirectional. I.
Temporal-imaging system with simple external-clock triggering (2010)

We demonstrate a temporal imaging system based on parametric mixing that allows simple triggering from an external clock by using a time-lens-based pump laser. We integrate our temporal imaging system into a time-to-frequency measurement scheme and demonstrate the ability to perform characterization of temporal waveforms with 1.4-ps resolution and a 530-ps record length. We also integrate our system into a temporal-magnification scheme and demonstrate single-shot operation with a 113 x magnification factor, 1.5-ps resolution, and 220-ps record length.
Development of a power supply for the pulse mig arc welding with the changes of output current polarity (2005)

Joining thin aluminum alloy is difficult using most welding techniques. Many of the problems associated with burn-through by the high heat input. Common welding techniques are TIG (Tungsten Inert Gas), MIG (Metal Inert Gas), and PULSE-MIG welding. The method provides more control of the heat balance in the welding arc by taking advantage of the different arc characteristics obtained with each of the two polarities. In this paper, we proposed a new welding method by control DSP 320C32, and the characteristic and experiment result-voltage, current, welding bead, penetrations by this method are presented.
Interference alignment in <i>K</i> ‐user multiple‐input–multiple‐output interference channels with partially coordinated receivers (2013)

In a K ‐user multiple‐input multiple‐output (MIMO) interference channel where each N ‐antenna transmitter communicates with its corresponding M ‐antenna receiver by using d degrees of freedom (DoF), the feasibility condition for conventional interference alignment (IA) implies that M + N > d(K + 1). In this paper, we consider a K ‐user MIMO interference channel where averagely half of the total decoded data can be shared by receive nodes via partial coordination. We propose IA algorithms such that first, their feasibility condition can now be expressed as M + N > d(K + 4)/2, which further implies less number of antennas is needed in comparison with conventional IA techniques to achieve the same number of DoF; and second, even with this reduced number of antennas, their throughput is still comparable to that of conventional IA methods. This is particularly pronounced for asymptotically large K where the required number of antennas for the proposed IA schemes can be half of that of conventional IA techniques to secure the same number of DoF. Moreover, we also examine the performance of the proposed IA algorithms in the presence of both error propagations and channel estimation errors. Simulation results show that in these cases, the throughput of the proposed algorithms can be comparable to that of conventional IA techniques.
Doing research in Business and Management: An Introduction to process and method (2000)

"Doing research in Business and Management: An Introduction to process and method." European Journal of Information Systems, 9(3), pp. 201–202
Histone deacetylase inhibitors increase p21<sup>WAF1</sup> and induce apoptosis of human myeloma cell lines independent of decreased IL‐6 receptor expression (2001)

Histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitors cause growth arrest and apoptosis of cancer cells by both p21-dependent and independent mechanisms. Decreased expression of growth factor receptors may be a key factor in the p21-independent mechanism, although this has not been directly tested. We have tested the effects of sodium butyrate and trichostatin A on human myeloma cell lines and have observed G1 arrest and apoptosis associated with increased expression of p21(WAF1), Bax, Rb dephosphorylation, and decreased IL-6 receptor (IL-6R) expression. Experiments to determine the role of disruption of IL-6 signaling as a result of decreased IL-6 receptor expression in mediating these effects were conducted using a stable transfectant of the OPM-2 line which constitutively expressed the IL-6 receptor. Our results indicated that decreased IL-6R expression was not required for induction of p21(WAF1) or apoptosis. Thus, HDAC inhibitors appear to activate multiple cellular pathways, leading to growth arrest and apoptosis, and their use in the treatment of myeloma, particularly in combination with other agents, warrants further investigation.
Solid‐state thermolysis of poly(<i>p</i>‐<i>t</i>‐butoxycarbonyloxystyrene) catalyzed by polymeric phenol: Effect of phase separation (1986)

Abstract Thermolysis of poly( p‐t ‐butoxycarbonyloxystyrene) (PBOCST) catalyzed by polymeric phenol in the solid state is very much dependent on the extent of phase separation. Poly( p ‐hydroxystyrene) (PHOST, a thermolysis product of PBOCST) is not miscible with PBOCST. Therefore, this phenolic resin can not effectively catalyze the solid‐state thermolysis reaction when simply blended with PBOCST. However, if the phenolic functionality is forced to be in the vicinity of the t ‐butoxycarbonyl ( t BOC) group, the thermolysis takes place facilely at 130°C. The effect of casting solvent on thermolysis in PBOCST/Varcum films is also discussed.
Current status of respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) and parainfluenza virus type 3 (PIV3) vaccine development: memorandum from a joint WHO/NIAID meeting. (1997)

A Joint WHO/National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID) meeting on the current status of respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) and parainfluenza virus type 3 (PIV3) vaccine development was held in Bethesda, MD, from 30 September to 1 October 1996. The meeting summarized the worldwide impact of RSV and PIV3; presented the current status of development of RSV and PIV3 vaccines; and examined the applications of recombinant DNA technology to the development and characterization of vaccines and to the understanding of viral pathogenesis.
A LOD algorithm based on out-of-core for large scale terrain rendering (2013)

In this paper, we present an algorithm for large scale terrain rendering, which is an out-of-core, level-of-detail algorithm that supports dynamic updates to the terrain mesh. It draws the terrain directly from the source heightmap data and it is structured around a quadtree of regular grids. There real-time procedural detail can be added to the terrain down to a user desired resolution. Any newly added data will be treated the same as the rest of the terrain mesh, and will be able to be paged in and out from hard disk when needed, to fully satisfy the out-of-core requirement.
Nucleation and Growth of Closed Many-Layer Carbon Particles (2001)

A new model of a structure of closed many-layer carbon particles, their origin and growth is proposed. The model is that single-layer fullerenes being the minimum possible closed particles are nuclei of bigger particles. With structural defects fullerenes take a role of a physical surface on which the carbon concentric layers in the form of deformed and defective carbon networks are deposited. Microcrystallites as areas of coherent X-ray scattering are the flattest regions of several outer particle layers. Experimental data that can justify the model are analyzed. The theoretical expressions for rates and times of the particle growth are obtained. A number of quantitative estimates is made. Possible mechanisms of the particle growth are discussed. It is marked that the process of the particle formation as a gas–solid state phase transition in some features is similar to the crystalline growth from a gas phase. At the same time there are specific features which also are discussed.
Efficient solar-to-fuels production from a hybrid microbial–water-splitting catalyst system (2015)

Photovoltaic cells have considerable potential to satisfy future renewable-energy needs, but efficient and scalable methods of storing the intermittent electricity they produce are required for the large-scale implementation of solar energy. Current solar-to-fuels storage cycles based on water splitting produce hydrogen and oxygen, which are attractive fuels in principle but confront practical limitations from the current energy infrastructure that is based on liquid fuels. In this work, we report the development of a scalable, integrated bioelectrochemical system in which the bacterium Ralstonia eutropha is used to efficiently convert CO2, along with H2 and O2 produced from water splitting, into biomass and fusel alcohols. Water-splitting catalysis was performed using catalysts that are made of earth-abundant metals and enable low overpotential water splitting. In this integrated setup, equivalent solar-to-biomass yields of up to 3.2% of the thermodynamic maximum exceed that of most terrestrial plants. Moreover, engineering of R. eutropha enabled production of the fusel alcohol isopropanol at up to 216 mg/L, the highest bioelectrochemical fuel yield yet reported by >300%. This work demonstrates that catalysts of biotic and abiotic origin can be interfaced to achieve challenging chemical energy-to-fuels transformations.
Management of acute exacerbations of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (2013)

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is characterised by progressive and not fully reversible airflow obstruction. It is a common condition in the UK; it is associated with smoking and becomes more prevalent with age. Symptoms of COPD, such as breathlessness and sputum production, are made worse by acute exacerbations. Such exacerbations may be associated with underlying infection, air pollution or poor medication compliance. Early identification of an exacerbation and appropriate treatment in the community may help avoid unnecessary hospital admission or at least reduce the length of inpatient stay. As well as treating exacerbations appropriately, it is essential that emphasis be placed on prevention, which should include good healthcare advice around smoking cessation, and appropriate disease management for patients diagnosed with COPD.
<title>Concepts using optical MEMS array for ladar scene projection</title> (2003)

Scene projection for HITL testing of LADAR seekers is unique because the 3rd dimension is time delay. Advancement in AFRL for electronic delay and pulse shaping circuits, VCSEL emitters, fiber optic and associated scene generation is underway, and technology hand-off to test facilities is expected eventually. However, size and cost currently projected behooves cost mitigation through further innovation in system design, incorporating new developments, cooperation, and leveraging of dual-purpose technology. Therefore a concept is offered which greatly reduces the number (thus cost) of pulse shaping circuits and enables the projector to be installed on the mobile arm of a flight motion simulator table without fiber optic cables. The concept calls for an optical MEMS (micro-electromechanical system) steerable micro-mirror array. IFOV’s are a cluster of four micro-mirrors, each of which steers through a unique angle to a selected light source with the appropriate delay and waveform basis. An array of such sources promotes angle-to-delay mapping. Separate pulse waveform basis circuits for each scene IFOV are not required because a single set of basis functions is broadcast to all MEMS elements simultaneously. Waveform delivery to spatial filtering and collimation optics is addressed by angular selection at the MEMS array. Emphasis is on technology in existence or under development by the government, its contractors and the telecommunications industry. Values for components are first assumed as those that are easily available. Concept adequacy and upgrades are then discussed. In conclusion an opto-mechanical scan option ranks as the best light source for near-term MEMS-based projector testing of both flash and scan LADAR seekers.
Identification of secondary effects of hyperexcitability by proteomic profiling of myotonic mouse muscle (2011)

Myotonia is a symptom of various genetic and acquired skeletal muscular disorders and is characterized by hyperexcitability of the sarcolemma. Here, we have performed a comparative proteomic study of the genetic mouse models ADR, MTO and MTO*5J of human congenital myotonia in order to determine myotonia-specific changes in the global protein complement of gastrocnemius muscle. Proteomic analyses of myotonia in the mouse, which is caused by mutations in the gene encoding the muscular chloride channel Clc1, revealed a generally perturbed protein expression pattern in severely affected ADR and MTO muscle, but less pronounced alterations in mildly diseased MTO*5J mice. Alterations were found in major metabolic pathways, the contractile machinery, ion handling elements, the cellular stress response and cell signaling mechanisms, clearly confirming a glycolytic-to-oxidative transformation process in myotonic fast muscle. In the long-term, a detailed biomarker signature of myotonia will improve our understanding of the pathobiochemical processes underlying this disorder and be helpful in determining how a single mutation in a tissue-specific gene can trigger severe downstream effects on the expression levels of a very large number of genes in contractile tissues.
The binary consistency checking scheme and its applications to seismic horizon detection (1989)

For a given set of n tuples, the binary consistency checking scheme generates a subset wherein no two elements intersect. The application of this scheme is illustrated by two problems in seismic horizon detection; seismic skeletonization and loop tying. After a brief introduction to seismic interpretation, these two examples are used to demonstrate how to cast an application problem into the formulism of the scheme. A comparison of this scheme to the dynamic programming approach to string matching due to S.Y. Lu (1982) is included.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>