gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Role of non-coplanar beams in IMRT (2002)

The authors have investigated the benefits of using noncoplanar beams with optimized directions for intensity modulated radiation therapy. They have considered three typical cases of localized prostate cancer, nasopharyngeal cancer, and paraspinal treatment. Nine fields were used for each treatment. For all cases, three types of treatment plan optimization were done: (1) nine uniformly spaced coplanar beams with optimized beam intensity profiles; (2) beam orientations and beam profiles were optimized, but only coplanar beams were allowed; (3) similar to (2), except that non-coplanar beams were allowed during beam orientation optimization. Simulated annealing was used for beam orientation optimization and an iterative optimization algorithm was used for beam intensity profile optimization. For the localized prostate case, all three types of optimization described above resulted in a dose distribution of similar quality. For the nasopharyngeal case, optimized non-coplanar beams provided a significant improvement in GTV coverage. For the paraspinal case, orientation optimization of non-coplanar beams resulted in significant improvement of kidney sparing and In increased GTV coverage. It is concluded that the use of non-coplanar beams with optimized orientations presents a viable option to improve target coverage and critical structure sparing in complicated cases.
3D augmented reality with integral imaging display (2016)

In this paper, a three-dimensional (3D) integral imaging display for augmented reality is presented. By implementing the pseudoscopic-to-orthoscopic conversion method, elemental image arrays with different capturing parameters can be transferred into the identical format for 3D display. With the proposed merging algorithm, a new set of elemental images for augmented reality display is generated. The newly generated elemental images contain both the virtual objects and real world scene with desired depth information and transparency parameters. The experimental results indicate the feasibility of the proposed 3D augmented reality with integral imaging.
Adaptive Causal Network Coding With Feedback (2020)

We propose a novel adaptive and causal random linear network coding (AC-RLNC) algorithm with forward error correction (FEC) for a point-to-point communication channel with delayed feedback. AC-RLNC is adaptive to the channel condition, that the algorithm estimates, and is causal, as coding depends on the particular erasure realizations, as reflected in the feedback acknowledgments. Specifically, the proposed model can learn the erasure pattern of the channel via feedback acknowledgments, and adaptively adjust its retransmission rates using a priori and posteriori algorithms. By those adjustments, AC-RLNC achieves the desired delay and throughput, and enables transmission with zero error probability. We upper bound the throughput and the mean and maximum in order delivery delay of AC-RLNC, and prove that for the point to point communication channel in the non-asymptotic regime the proposed code may achieve more than 90% of the channel capacity. To upper bound the throughput we utilize the minimum Bhattacharyya distance for the AC-RLNC code. We validate those results via simulations. We contrast the performance of AC-RLNC with the one of selective repeat (SR)-ARQ, which is causal but not adaptive, and is a posteriori. Via a study on experimentally obtained commercial traces, we demonstrate that a protocol based on AC-RLNC can, vis-à-vis SR-ARQ, double the throughput gains, and triple the gain in terms of mean in order delivery delay when the channel is bursty. Furthermore, the difference between the maximum and mean in order delivery delay is much smaller than that of SR-ARQ. Closing the delay gap along with boosting the throughput is very promising for enabling ultra-reliable low-latency communications (URLLC) applications.
Operation of longitudinal shock wave ferroelectric generators in the resistance mode (2009)

Results of systematic experimental investigations of operation of explosively driven longitudinal (shock wave propagates along the polarization vector P) shock wave ferroelectric generators (FEGs) with active loads varied in a wide range of resistance (more than 4 orders of magnitude) are presented. One of the specific features of FEGs is direct electrical connection of the ferroelectric energy-carrying element to the load. The ferroelectric element is always a part of the load circuit during explosive and electrical operation of the FEG. Electrical parameters of the ferroelectric element change significantly under shock wave action during operation of the generator and those changes affect the electrical parameters of the FEG-Load system. It follows from our experimental results that the output voltage, current and power produced by the FEG across the resistance load depend on both the electrical parameters of the load and geometrical dimensions of the ferroelectric energy-carrying element of the FEG. It is experimentally demonstrated that a miniature FEG is capable of delivering to the active load a pulsed power with peak amplitude up to 0.35 MW.
A Novel Interpolation Method for Polar Signals in Radio Frequency Transmitters (2018)

This contribution describes an arbitrary sampling rate converter architecture for the generation of the modulation signals in polar radio frequency transmitters. The design utilizes a novel look-up table-based interpolation method, which is adaptively employed when certain signal trajectory conditions apply and which allows to deal with the bandwidth expansion inherent to polar signals. Simulation results are presented, which compare the performance of the described architecture to conventional interpolator designs.
Luciferase cDNA from Japanese firefly, <i>Luciola cruciata</i>: Cloning, structure and expression in <i>Escherichia coli</i> (1989)

We have cloned the cDNA for luciferase from lantern poly(A)+ RNA of a Japanese firefly, Luciola cruciata (Genji botaru in Japanese). This cDNA directed the synthesis of enzymatically active luciferase under the control of the lac promoter in Escherichia coli. The amino acid sequence predicted from the cDNA sequence shows that Genji firefly luciferase consists of 548 amino acids and has a molecular weight of 60,024. Considerable sequence homology was found upon the comparison of the Genji and North American firefly luciferases.
Suppressive oligodeoxynucleotides inhibit CpG-induced inflammation of the mouse lung (2004)

Proinflammatory cytokines and chemokines are up-regulated by CpG motifs in bacterial DNA. Suppressive ODN significantly inhibits the inflammatory response induced by CpG DNA in murine macrophages and the lung. This study supports the use of suppressive ODN to reduce the deleterious inflammatory responses induced by bacterial DNA.
Profile-Based Ad Hoc Social Networking Using Wi-Fi Direct on the Top of Android (2018)

Ad hoc social networks have become popular to support novel applications related to location-based mobile services that are of great importance to users and businesses. Unlike traditional social services using a centralized server to fetch location, ad hoc social network services support infrastructure-less real-time social networking. It allows users to collaborate and share views anytime anywhere. However, current ad hoc social network applications either are not available without rooting the mobile phones or do not filter the nearby users based on common interests without a centralized server. This paper presents an architecture and implementation of social networks on commercially available mobile devices that allow broadcasting name and a limited number of keywords representing users’ interests without any connection in a nearby region to facilitate matching of interests. The broadcasting region creates a digital aura and is limited by the Wi-Fi region that is around 200 meters. The application connects users to form a group based on their profile or interests using the peer-to-peer communication mode without using any centralized networking or profile-matching infrastructure. The peer-to-peer group can be used for private communication when the network is not available.
Pest resistant MoSi.sub.2 materials and method of making (1995)

A pest resistant molybdenum disilicide composition is provided for use in high temperature structural applications. The composition includes molybdenum disilicide and silicon nitride and can be used to prepare improved reinforced composites.
Outcomes of Treatment of Partial Deafness With Cochlear Implantation: A DUET Study (2008)

The shallow electrode array insertion with preserved low-frequency hearing is a highly effective method for the treatment of partial deafness. The combination of HA and CI processor, i.e., the DUET, is beneficial in noise and in quiet.
Baculovirus-Directed Foreign Gene Expression (1991)

The baculovirus expression vector is the only eucaryotic DNA viral vector for the cloning and expression of genes in lepidopteran insect cells and insects. It is now a major tool and model for the studies of the molecular biology of insect systems. The baculovirus vector is a helper-independent recombinant baculovirus which during infection can express abundant quantities of recombinant mRNA and proteins of foreign genes. Chimeric genes coding potentially any peptide or protein can now be expressed under the transcriptional regulation of baculovirus promoters representing genes of immediate early, delayed early, late and very late classes. The majority of recombinant proteins produced in the baculovirus system are functionally authentic and although differences in glycosylation appear to exist, this has not been shown to be detrimental to the "authenticity" or function.
Evidence for the Plasma Membrane Localization of Al-activated Malate Transporter (ALMT1) (2005)

Aluminum (Al)-activated malate transporter (ALMT1) was recently identified from wheat (Triticum aestivum). Heterologous expression of ALMT1 led to higher malate exudation that is associated with enhanced Al tolerance in transgenic plants. Here, we show the first direct evidence that ALMT1 is localized in the plasma membrane of Al-tolerant wheat. Phase partitioning experiments showed that this transporter was associated with the plasma membrane fraction. ALMT1 was detected in an Al-tolerant wheat line even without Al treatments. Analysis of transient expression of ALMT1::green fluorescent protein (GFP) in onion and tobacco cells further confirmed this ALMT1 localization.
Semisupervised Autoencoder for Sentiment Analysis (2015)

In this paper, we investigate the usage of autoencoders in modeling textual data. Traditional autoencoders suffer from at least two aspects: scalability with the high dimensionality of vocabulary size and dealing with task-irrelevant words. We address this problem by introducing supervision via the loss function of autoencoders. In particular, we first train a linear classifier on the labeled data, then define a loss for the autoencoder with the weights learned from the linear classifier. To reduce the bias brought by one single classifier, we define a posterior probability distribution on the weights of the classifier, and derive the marginalized loss of the autoencoder with Laplace approximation. We show that our choice of loss function can be rationalized from the perspective of Bregman Divergence, which justifies the soundness of our model. We evaluate the effectiveness of our model on six sentiment analysis datasets, and show that our model significantly outperforms all the competing methods with respect to classification accuracy. We also show that our model is able to take advantage of unlabeled dataset and get improved performance. We further show that our model successfully learns highly discriminative feature maps, which explains its superior performance.
PCR-Based DNA Amplification and Presumptive Detection of<i>Escherichia coli</i>O157:H7 with an Internal Fluorogenic Probe and the 5′ Nuclease (TaqMan) Assay (1998)

Presumptive identification of Escherichia coli O157:H7 is possible in an individual, nonmultiplexed PCR if the reaction targets the enterohemorrhagic E. coli (EHEC) eaeA gene. In this report, we describe the development and evaluation of the sensitivity and specificity of a PCR-based 5' nuclease assay for presumptively detecting E. coli O157:H7 DNA. The specificity of the eaeA-based 5' nuclease assay system was sufficient to correctly identify all E. coli O157:H7 strains evaluated, mirroring the previously described specificity of the PCR primers. The SZ-primed, eaeA-targeted 5' nuclease detection assay was capable of rapid, semiautomated, presumptive detection of E. coli O157:H7 when >/=10(3) CFU/ml was present in modified tryptic soy broth (mTSB) or modified E. coli broth and when >/=10(4) CFU/ml was present in ground beef-mTSB mixtures. Incorporating an immunomagnetic separation (IMS) step, followed by a secondary enrichment culturing step and DNA recovery with a QIAamp tissue kit (Qiagen), improved the detection threshold to >/=10(2) CFU/ml. Surprisingly, immediately after IMS, the sensitivity of culturing on sorbitol MacConkey agar containing cefeximine and tellurite (CT-SMAC) was such that identifiable colonies were demonstrated only when >/=10(4) CFU/ml was present in the sample. Several factors that might be involved in creating these false-negative CT-SMAC culture results are discussed. The SZ-primed, eaeA-targeted 5' nuclease detection system demonstrated that it can be integrated readily into standard culturing procedures and that the assay can be useful as a rapid, automatable process for the presumptive identification of E. coli O157:H7 in ground beef and potentially in other food and environmental samples.
Macroporous materials with uniform pores by emulsion templating (1998)

A method was developed for the production of macroporous oxide materials by using the droplets of a nonaoueous emulsion as the templates around which material is deposited through a sol-gel process. Moreover, uniform pores Ganged in regular arrays can be obtained by stat?ing with-an emulsion of uniform droulets. These droulets first self-assemble into a colloidal crvstal after which gelation of the suspending sol-gel m&amp;me captures the ordered structure. After drying and calcination pellets are obtained which contain ordered arrays of spherical pores left behind by the emulsion droplets. The method can be used to make uniform pores in the range from 0.05-5 micrometers in many different materials. We demonstrate the process for titania, silica, and zirconia.
Hybrid Amperometric and Conductometric Chemical Sensor Based on Conducting Polymer Nanojunctions (2007)

We report on a hybrid chemical sensor that can perform either amperometric or conductometric detection alone or simultaneously. It consists of an array of electrode pairs in which the two electrodes in each pair are separated with micrometer to nanometer-scale gaps. The gaps are bridged with conducting polymer (polyaniline) so that one can measure the conductance of the polymer bridge like a conventional Chem-FET. The electrode geometries are designed to allow simultaneously detection of electrochemical current like a conventional microelectrode amperometric sensor. The hybrid device provides increased selectivity for detection of analytes in complex matrixes and may provide new insights into the electrochemical reaction mechanisms of analytes. As an example, we have demonstrated the detection of dilute neurotransmitter (dopamine) in the presence of its concentrated major physiological interferent, ascorbic acid, which is not possible using either the amperometric or the conductometric techniques alone.
Stochastic Resonance in Signal Detection and Human Perception (2006)

Abstract : Stochastic Resonance (SR) is a nonlinear phenomenon first reported in terms of a nonlinear dynamic effect. The important question of what type of noise to be added has until recently evaded a solution. This issue is addressed directly and a fundamental theoretical framework is developed leading to a determination of the optima! additive SR noise to achieve maximum probability of detection subject to the constraint that the probability of false alarm is not increased. Chapters 2 and 3 provide alternative analytical framework presentations for SR application to detection leading to an optimization solution. Chapter 4 discusses probability of error reduction with implications for communications theory. Subsequent chapters address applications of the analytical theory to suboptimal detectors such as nonparametric detectors (Chapter 5), image enhancement (Chapter 6), and distributed sensor fusion (Chapter 7). Chapter 8 provides a novel consideration to an alternative decision statistic transformation methodology to recover optimal performance for a suboptimal detector. Finally, Chapter 9 resents recommendations and future considerations.
Causal Modeling based Fault Localization in Cloud Systems using Golden Signals (2021)

In cloud-native applications, a large fraction of operational failures, known as outages, result in violations of Service Level Objectives (SLOs). SLOs are defined around specific measurable characteristics: availability, throughput, frequency, response time, and quality. Four metrics, latency, traffic, errors, and saturation, ensure coverage for most outages of an application. These are often called golden signals. The dynamicity and complexity of cloud-native applications complicate Site Reliability Engineers’ (SREs) efforts in problem determination, in particular in its fault localization. The fault localization is often a try-and-error process in which SREs rely on their domain knowledge and experience. It is laborious and frequently results in long Mean Time To Resolution (MTTR) for outages. This paper describes a lightweight fault localization system, that establishes causal relationships among the golden signal service errors and error logs, and further leverages PageRank centrality of the derived causal graph for generating a ranked list of faulty microservices.
An algorithm for determining pacemaker rate based on temperature variations (1988)

Rate-modulating pacemakers sense one of several biological quantities to determine the appropriate heart rate. The authors investigate the use of the temperature of blood in the right ventricle of the heart, which is metabolically based and not voluntarily controllable, as the determining parameter. Using telemetered blood temperature recordings, a novel algorithm to control pacing rate was evaluated. The evaluation was based on the algorithm's ability to respond to the variations in temperature which occurred during exercise, as compared to the normal heart rate response and the response time of the algorithm. The algorithm was sufficiently sensitive to provide appropriate pacing rate increases for 25 exercising patients and provided a rapid response time of 16 s from the time of exercise onset.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Generation of an optical frequency comb from a monolithic micro-resonator via the Kerr nonlinearity (2007)

It is shown that the cascaded optical sidebands generated via optical parametric oscillations in a monolithic microcavity are equidistant and lead to the generation of femtosecond pulses in time domain.
Development of 3D measurement system using digital holography (2012)

We present a method of 3D measurement using digital holography. This holographic 3D measuring method uses a CCD camera for recording a Fresnel on-axis hologram and a numerical method for hologram reconstruction. The method simultaneously provides a phase comparing approach for phase error correction. Using this method, we also develop a 3D measurement system which basically consists of a Michelson interferometer, and examine measurement accuracy of our system.
An innovative low-density parity-check code design with near-Shannon-limit performance and simple implementation (2006)

A novel parity-check matrix design for low-density parity-check (LDPC) codes is described. By eliminating the routing problem associated with LDPC codes, the design results in a small implementation area, and the codes have outstanding error-rate performance close to the Shannon limit for a wide range of code rates, from 1/4 to 9/10, and for various modulation schemes such as binary phase-shift keying (PSK), quaternary PSK, 8-PSK, 16-amplitude PSK (APSK), and 32-APSK. As a result, LDPC codes designed with this method have been standardized for next-generation digital video broadcasting.
Asymmetric Synthesis of Serricornin via Boronic Esters (1998)

Highly stereoselective boronic ester chemistry has been used for the synthesis of (4S,6S,7S)-7-hydroxy-4,6-dimethylnonanone (1), the pheromone of the cigarette beetle. 2-Bromo-1-butene (8) was made from 1-butyne via bromoboration and protodeboronation, and was converted to 1-ethylethenylmagnesium bromide. (R,R)-1,2-Dicyclohexyl-1,2-ethanediol [“(R)-DICHED”] methylboronate was treated with (dichloromethyl)lithium to yield (R)-DICHED (S)-1-chloroethylboronate (9), which with 1-ethylethenylmagnesium bromide yielded (R)-DICHED (R)−(2-ethyl-1-methyl-2-propenyl)boronate (10). Further chain extensions with (chloromethyl)lithium, (dichloromethyl)lithium followed by methylmagnesium bromide, and (dichloromethyl)lithium followed by ethylmagnesium bromide completed assembly of the carbon skeleton. Deboronation with hydrogen peroxide yielded (3S,5S,6S)-2-ethyl-3,5-dimethylocten-6-ol (14), which with osmium tetraoxide and sodium periodate yielded 1.
Distributed Acoustic Sensing: Recent Field Data and Performance Validation (2013)

Silixa’s iDAS distributed acoustic sensor faithfully captures the full acoustic signal at every metre along a length of optical fibre many kilometres long. The iDAS has been used in a range of surface and downhole monitoring applications, including flow measurement, vertical seismic profiling, hydraulic fracture monitoring and surface seismic imaging. The system performance and applications of this technology are rapidly evolving; in this presentation we will be showing some of the more recent results across the PRM application space.
Microstructures and Hydrogen Permeability of Nb-Ti-Ni Alloys with High Resistance to Hydrogen Embrittlement (2005)

Microstructures and hydrogen permeability (Φ) of as-cast Nb-Ti-Ni alloys have been investigated by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and by the gas permeation technique, respectively. The Φ value increases with increasing temperature and the amount of the Nb content for every alloy. In these alloys, the Nb39Ti31Ni30 alloy, consisting of the primary bcc-(Nb, Ti) solid solution and the eutectic {(Nb, Ti)+TiNi} phase, shows the highest Φ, which is equivalent to that of Pd. On the other hand, the Nb10Ti50Ni40 alloy, consisting of the primary B2-TiNi compound and the eutectic {(Nb, Ti)+TiNi} phase, shows the lowest Φ value among the alloys for which Φ is measurable. Eutectic microstructures suppress the hydrogen embrittlement, while the primary (Nb, Ti) phase contributes to the hydrogen permeation in these alloys. The present work demonstrates that duplex alloys containing eutectic microstructures are promising for hydrogen permeation membranes with high resistance to the hydrogen embrittlement.