gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Pair-pumped upconversion solid-state laser (1987)

A new class of laser is reported in which inversion is due to pair-mediated upconversion, quite distinct from conventional sequential one-photon or multiphoton excitation mechanisms. Upconversion of radiation is standardly accomplished by multiphoton processes relying on linear or nonlinear susceptibilities of individual atoms. However, more efficient upconversion can occur by cooperative multiatom processes involving simultaneous transitions on two or more atoms. Cooperative pair pumping in 5% Er:LiYF 4 produces laser action from upconverted energy states following pumping at 1.54 µ m with a flashlamp-pumped Er:glass laser on the ground to the 4/13/2 transition. Two neighboring 4/13/2 ions decay cooperatively to yield one 4/9/2 ion (which relaxes quickly to 4/11/2), competing effectively with spontaneous emission because of strong interatom coupling and long 4/13/2 lifetime. The upconversion pair process is shown for the first time to be so effective in Er:YLF that this mechanism alone can invert the 4/11/2 state with respect to lower states, generating long delays proportional to inverse pump energy in the onset of lasing.
Improved control of medical x-ray film exposure (1978)

Exposure sensing system for light-intensified motion-picture X-ray system uses aperture or adjustable diaphragm to sample light from image region of interest. Approach, along with approximate optics, can optimize exposure sensitivity.
Tetrazolone as an acid bioisostere: application to marketed drugs containing a carboxylic acid (2016)

Matched molecular pair analysis was used to evaluate the ability of a tetrazolone group to act as a bioisostere of a carboxylic acid. Compound 7, a tetrazolone of the anti-hypertensive drug, telmisartan 6, was shown to be a potent AT<sub>1</sub> antagonist (K<sub>b</sub> = 0.14 nM), with activity comparable to telmisartan itself (K<sub>b</sub> = 0.44 nM). Additionally, compound 9, a tetrazolone congener of the marketed anti-cancer agent, bexarotene 8, was shown to be an agonist at the retinoid X receptor alpha (EC<sub>50</sub> = 64 nM). Compounds containing a tetrazolone group showed similar microsomal stability and plasma protein binding to marketed acid counterparts, while also reducing the value for clog P. Furthermore, compound 7 displayed an improved rat pharmacokinetic profile cf. telmisartan 6. Taken together, the results demonstrate that a tetrazolone group may serve as a bioisostere for a carboxylic acid.
Atmospheric correction validation and refinement using ground-based radiometry at Davis, CA (2005)

First-principles atmospheric correction of earth-viewing spectral imagery requires atmospheric property information derived from the image itself or measured independently. A field experiment was conducted in May, 2003 at Davis, CA to investigate the validity and consistency of atmospheric properties and surface reflectances derived from simultaneous ground-, aircraft- and satellite-based spectral measurements. The experiment involved the simultaneous collection of HyMap and Landsat-7 imagery, in-situ reflectance spectra of calibration surfaces, and sun and sky radiances from ultraviolet and visible multi-filter rotating shadowband radiometers (MFRSRs). This paper briefly describes the experiment, data analysis and key results.
CK2 phosphorylation of CCA1 is necessary for its circadian oscillator function in <i>Arabidopsis</i> (2004)

The circadian clock controls numerous physiological and molecular processes in organisms ranging from fungi to human. In plants, these processes include leaf movement, stomata opening, and expression of a large number of genes. At the core of the circadian clock, the central oscillator consists of a negative autoregulatory feedback loop that is coordinated with the daily environmental changes, and that generates the circadian rhythms of the overt processes. Phosphorylation of some of the central oscillator proteins is necessary for the generation of normal circadian rhythms of Drosophila, humans, and Neurospora, where CK1 and CK2 are emerging as the main protein kinases involved in the phosphorylation of PER and FRQ. We have previously shown that in Arabidopsis, the protein kinase CK2 can phosphorylate the clock-associated protein CIRCADIAN CLOCK ASSOCIATED 1 (CCA1) in vitro. The overexpression of one of its regulatory subunits, CKB3, affects the regulation of circadian rhythms. Whether the effects of CK2 on the clock were due to its phosphorylation of a clock component had yet to be proven. By examining the effects of constitutively expressing a mutant form of the Arabidopsis clock protein CCA1 that cannot be phosphorylated by CK2, we demonstrate here that CCA1 phosphorylation by CK2 is important for the normal functioning of the central oscillator.
Coupling Neurogenetics (GARS™) and a Nutrigenomic Based Dopaminergic Agonist to Treat Reward Deficiency Syndrome (RDS): Targeting Polymorphic Reward Genes for Carbohydrate Addiction Algorithms (2015)

Earlier work from our laboratory, showing anti-addiction activity of a nutraceutical consisting of amino-acid precursors and enkephalinase inhibition properties and our discovery of the first polymorphic gene (Dopamine D2 Receptor Gene [DRD2]) to associate with severe alcoholism serves as a blue-print for the development of "Personalized Medicine" in addiction. Prior to the later genetic finding, we developed the concept of Brain Reward Cascade, which continues to act as an important component for stratification of addiction risk through neurogenetics. In 1996 our laboratory also coined the term "Reward Deficiency Syndrome (RDS)" to define a common genetic rubric for both substance and non-substance related addictive behaviors. Following many reiterations we utilized polymorphic targets of a number of reward genes (serotonergic, Opioidergic, GABAergic and Dopaminergic) to customize KB220 [Neuroadaptogen- amino-acid therapy (NAAT)] by specific algorithms. Identifying 1,000 obese subjects in the Netherlands a subsequent small subset was administered various KB220Z formulae customized according to respective DNA polymorphisms individualized that translated to significant decreases in both Body Mass Index (BMI) and weight in pounds. Following these experiments, we have been successfully developing a panel of genes known as "Genetic Addiction Risk Score" (GARSp<sub>DX</sub>)™. Selection of 10 genes with appropriate variants, a statistically significant association between the ASI-Media Version-alcohol and drug severity scores and GARSp<sub>Dx</sub> was found A variant of KB220Z in abstinent heroin addicts increased resting state functional connectivity in a putative network including: dorsal anterior cingulate, medial frontal gyrus, nucleus accumbens, posterior cingulate, occipital cortical areas, and cerebellum. In addition, we show that KB220Z significantly activates, above placebo, seed regions of interest including the left nucleus accumbens, cingulate gyrus, anterior thalamic nuclei, hippocampus, pre-limbic and infra-limbic loci. KB220Z demonstrates significant functional connectivity, increased brain volume recruitment and enhanced dopaminergic functionality across the brain reward circuitry. We propose a <i>Reward Deficiency System Solution</i> that promotes early identification and stratification of risk alleles by utilizing GARS<sub>Dx</sub>, allowing for customized nutrigenomic targeting of these risk alleles by altering KB220Z ingredients as an algorithmic function of carrying these polymorphic DNA-SNPS, potentially yielding the first ever nutrigenomic solution for addiction and pain.
Dispersion-controlled diffractive devices with dielectric metasurfaces (2017)

Diffractive optical devices follow a negative chromatic dispersion dictated by device function. Here we show that metasurfaces with independent control of phase and group delays enable diffractive devices that break this relation. We demonstrate gratings and focusing mirrors with enhanced negative, zero, and positive dispersion.
Discovery and Characterization of an Endogenous CXCR4 Antagonist (2015)

CXCL12-CXCR4 signaling controls multiple physiological\nprocesses and its dysregulation is associated\nwith cancers and inflammatory diseases. To\ndiscover as-yet-unknown endogenous ligands of\nCXCR4, we screened a blood-derived peptide library\nfor inhibitors of CXCR4-tropic HIV-1 strains.\nThis approach identified a 16 amino acid fragment\nof serum albumin as an effective and highly specific\nCXCR4 antagonist. The endogenous peptide, termed\nEPI-X4, is evolutionarily conserved and generated\nfrom the highly abundant albumin precursor by\npH-regulated proteases. EPI-X4 forms an unusual\nlasso-like structure and antagonizes CXCL12-induced\ntumor cell migration, mobilizes stem cells,\nand suppresses inflammatory responses in mice.\nFurthermore, the peptide is abundant in the urine\nof patients with inflammatory kidney diseases and\nmay serve as a biomarker. Our results identify EPIX4\nas a key regulator of CXCR4 signaling and introduce\nproteolysis of an abundant precursor protein\nas an alternative concept for chemokine receptor\nregulation.
Oscillation frequency shift suppression of semiconductor lasers coupled to external cavity (1984)

External cavity coupled semiconductor lasers are theoretically analysed for the suppression of oscillation frequency shift caused by current modulation and temperature change. The results indicate that strong optical feedback, AR-coating of laser facet and large ratio of passive/active cavity length are effective for the frequency shift suppression.
Simultaneous fabrication of RF MEMS switches and resonators using copper-based CMOS interconnect manufacturing methods (2004)

This paper describes the successful concurrent fabrication of micro-electro-mechanical (MEM) electrostatic switches and resonators on the same wafer. Base processes from copper interconnect technology were used to fabricate devices allowing for easy introduction of MEMS technology into CMOS IC manufacturing. Both switches and resonators were electrically tested in a controlled ambient to determine performance and characteristics.
Photonic crystal slab waveguide controlled by a micro-mechanical actuator (2004)

In this paper, we have proposed a mechanically controlled a photonic crystal waveguide device using MEMS technology. Optical properties of the device change sensitively with the small shift of the second structure because of the near field interaction of the lightwave in the photonic crystal waveguide. Feasibility of proposed device in optical switching is demonstrated numerically and experimentally.
Recent Advances in AlInsAs Avalanche Photodiodes (2007)

We present practical planar AlInAs APDs, which have large gain-bandwidth products, low noise, and high reliability. The APD receivers had a sensitivity of-28.6 dBm at 10 Gb/s and -37.0 dBm at 2.5 Gb/s.
Induced bias in attenuation measurements taken from commercial microwave links (2017)

Cellular backhaul networks usually consist of commercial microwave links, known to be sensitive to weather conditions. The management network systems usually provide records of measurements of the transmitted and the received signals levels from the different microwave links for monitoring and analyzing the network performance. Many of them log only the minimum and the maximum levels of the transmitted and the received signals in pre-set intervals (usually 15-minute). Moreover, only quantized version of these measurements are logged. In the last decade it has been proposed to use these existing measurements for rainfall monitoring. In this paper we analyze the effects of the quantizer and the min/max operators on commercial microwave links signals levels measurements. We show that the quantization process, in combination with the min/max operators, adds bias to the measurements which can be significant. We then propose a method to calculate this bias, and demonstrate our findings using measurements from actual commercial microwave links.
Xenon capillary discharge extreme-ultraviolet source emitting over a large angular range (2001)

We describe a capillary discharge source configuration, allowing for collection of extreme-ultraviolet (EUV) radiation at large off-axis angles, without the need for an EUV window. Operating with xenon gas, the source emits intensely within the EUV spectral region at 11.3 and 13.5 nm. When coupled with a high-collection-efficiency optical system, this source may be suitable for a number of high-average-power EUV imaging applications.
Role of <i>Mycobacterium tuberculosis</i> expressing unique protein Rv000B in immune modulation of host cell machinery (2019)

Abstract Tuberculosis (TB), caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis (M.tb.), an intracellular pathogen remains a major global health problem. M.tb., comprising more than 120 species has evolved by successive genomic reduction events. Comparative genomic and proteomic analysis of 13 Mycobacterium species classified into Strict pathogens (virulent), Opportunistic pathogens (Non-tuberculous Mycobacteria, NTM) and the Non-pathogenic bacteria revealed the presence of 25 unique protein. These 25 proteins share less than 20% homology with any other proteins of Mycobacteria species used in the study. Rv000B, one of the unique proteins is present in M.tb and M. bovis BCG only. The presence of Rv000B in M. tb and M.bovis BCG only points to its importance as “Signature proteins”, suggesting that Rv000B could be used for its diagnostic potential. Rv000B is a hypothetical protein and hence it will be interesting to study their functional role in the pathogenesis of M.tb. In-silico analysis of Rv000B revealed that this protein is highly disordered and unstable. Immunogenicity of Rv000B protein was evaluated by treating the splenocytes ex-vivo obtained from mice that were previously immunized with Rv000B protein. Our results showed that Rv000B is highly antigenic and elicited a pro-inflammatory immune response. High IgG reactivity of Rv000B is also seen in immunized mice and different categories of TB patients. Besides inducing Th1 responses, it also significantly induced apoptosis of macrophages. Therefore, these pro-host antigenic proteins are ideal candidates to produce recombinant BCG vaccine to enhances its vaccine potential.
Glass‐Ceramics (2002)

Abstract As materials formed by the controlled nucleation and crystallization of glass, glass‐ceramics can combine the advantages of glass with the optical and mechanical benefits of crystals. Commercial glass‐ceramics are used in applications requiring high thermal and mechanical stability, with products including radiant cooktop panels, telescope mirrors, cookware, and dental and medical prostheses. In addition to these products, future applications for glass‐ceramics are likely to capitalize on designed‐in, highly specialized properties for the transmission, display, and storage of information.
Transcriptional Regulation of<i>Streptomyces coelicolor</i>Pathway-Specific Antibiotic Regulators by the<i>absA</i>and<i>absB</i>Loci (1998)

The four antibiotics produced by Streptomyces coelicolor are all affected by mutations in the absA and absB loci. The absA locus encodes a putative two-component signal transduction system, and the absB locus encodes a homolog of Escherichia coli RNase III. We assessed whether these loci control synthesis of the antibiotics actinorhodin and undecylprodigiosin by regulating transcript abundance from the biosynthetic and regulatory genes specific for each antibiotic. Strains that were Abs- (for antibiotic synthesis deficient) due to mutations in absA or absB were examined. In the Abs- absA mutant strain, transcripts for the actinorhodin biosynthetic genes actVI-ORF1 and actI, and for the pathway-specific regulatory gene actII-ORF4, were substantially lower in abundance than in the parent strain. The level of the transcript for the undecylprodigiosin pathway-specific regulatory gene redD was similarly reduced in this mutant. Additionally, a strain that exhibits precocious hyperproduction of antibiotics (Pha phenotype) due to disruption of the absA locus contained elevated levels of the actVI-ORF1, actII-ORF4, and redD transcripts. In the absB mutant strain, actVI-ORF1, actI, actII-ORF4, and redD transcript levels were also substantially lower than in the parent strain. These results establish that the abs genes affect production of antibiotics through regulation of expression of the antibiotic-specific regulatory genes in S. coelicolor.
Dependence of the Signal Stability of Double-Layer Perpendicular Magnetic Recording Media on the Directions of the Applied Magnetic Fields (1999)

Double-layer media with single-pole heads are ideal for perpendicular magnetic recording. However, the problem of unstable recorded magnetization due to the magnetic domains of underlayers has not yet been solved. We investigated the dependence of the signal stability of a medium with an Ni-Fe underlayer and a medium with an Fe-Si-Al underlayer on the directions of the applied magnetic fields under an SPT head-loaded condition and an ID/MR head-loaded condition. The results show that the recorded signal has better stability with a horizontal field than with a vertical field. They also show that the recorded signal has better stability under the ID/MR head-loaded condition than under the SPT head-loaded condition.
On quantification of anchor placement (2012)

This paper attempts to answer a question: for a given traversal area, how to quantify the geometric impact of anchor placement on localization performance. We present a theoretical framework for quantifying the anchor placement impact. An experimental study, as well as the field test using a UWB ranging technology, is presented. These experimental results validate the theoretical analysis. As a byproduct, we propose a two-phase localization method (TPLM) and show that TPLM outperforms the least-square method in localization accuracy by a huge margin. TPLM performs much faster than the gradient descent method and slightly better than the gradient descent method in localization accuracy. Our field test suggests that TPLM is more robust against noise than the least-square and gradient descent methods.
Retracted: Early diabetic retinopathy diagnosis based on local retinal blood vessels analysis in optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA) images (2018)

The above article from Medical Physics, published online on 22 February 2018 in Wiley Online Library (wileyonlinelibrary.com), has been retracted by agreement between the authors, the journal Editor in Chief and John Wiley & Sons Ltd. The retraction has been agreed following an investigation carried out by the editors due to major overlap with a previously published article: British Journal of Ophthalmology (BJO) (Sandhu HS, Eladawi N, Elmogy M, et al Automated diabetic retinopathy detection using optical coherence tomography angiography: a pilot study, British Journal of Ophthalmology Published Online First: 23 January 2018. doi:10.1136/bjophthalmol-2017-311489.
Speech Synthesis with Neural Networks (1998)

Text-to-speech conversion has traditionally been performed either by concatenating short samples of speech or by using rule-based systems to convert a phonetic representation of speech into an acoustic representation, which is then converted into speech. This paper describes a system that uses a time-delay neural network (TDNN) to perform this phonetic-to-acoustic mapping, with another neural network to control the timing of the generated speech. The neural network system requires less memory than a concatenation system, and performed well in tests comparing it to commercial systems using other technologies.
Mistuning Identification of Bladed Disks Using a Fundamental Mistuning Model—Part I: Theory (2004)

This paper is the first in a two-part study of identifying mistuning in bladed disks. It develops a new method of mistuning identification based on measurements of the vibratory response of the system as a whole. As a system-based method, this approach is particularly suited to integrally bladed rotors, whose blades cannot be removed for individual measurements. The method is based on a recently developed reduced order model of mistuning called the fundamental mistuning model (FMM) and is applicable to isolated families of modes. Two versions of FMM system identification are presented: a basic version that requires some prior knowledge of the system’s properties, and a somewhat more complex version that determines the mistuning completely from experimental data.
Is training of adaptive equalizers still useful? (2002)

We present a novel unsupervised adaptive equalizer. It has the same computational complexity, convergence speed and steady-state MSE as a trained LMS adaptive DFE, but it is not subject to error propagation. Therefore it can equalize even severe and/or quickly varying channels. This follows from the very structure of the equalizer, which allows a completely reversible transition between (i) a linear structure in the starting mode: the decoupled cascade of a recursive adaptive predictor and a transversal phase equalizer and (ii) a classical DFE in the tracking mode. The equalizer behaviour is fully satisfactory during hours of real underwater communications. It reaches the standard of trained equalizers. Hence the question in the title.
Synthesis and acid-catalysed rearrangement of (1R,2R,5S,6S)-Tricyclo[4.3.1.1]undecane (1975)

(1R,2R,5S,6S)-Tricyclo[4.3.1.12,5]undecane (II) was synthesised by hydride transfer reduction–ring expansion of (1RS,2RS,6RS,7SR)-2-hydroxymethyltricyclo[5.2.1.02,6]decane (I) with sulphuric acid and n-pentane. The (1RS,2SR,6SR,7SR)-isomer (VIII) of (I) did not undergo ring expansion, but gave a simple reduction product, i.e. the 2-methyl derivative (X). Further isomerisation of the tricycloundecane (II) gave (1RS,2RS,6SR,7SR)-2-methyltricyclo[5.2.1.02,6]decane (X) and its (1RS,2SR,6RS,7SR)-isomer, (XI), tricyclo[5.3.1.03,8]undecane (XII), tricyclo[5.3.1.02,6]undecane (V), and 2-methyladamantane. The 2-methyltricyclodecanes (X) and (XI) were isomerised quantitatively to methyladamantanes in the presence of aluminium chloride.
Chimeric Recombinant Human Metapneumoviruses with the Nucleoprotein or Phosphoprotein Open Reading Frame Replaced by That of Avian Metapneumovirus Exhibit Improved Growth In Vitro and Attenuation In Vivo (2005)

Chimeric versions of recombinant human metapneumovirus (HMPV) were generated by replacing the nucleoprotein (N) or phosphoprotein (P) open reading frame with its counterpart from the closely related avian metapneumovirus (AMPV) subgroup C. In Vero cells, AMPV replicated to an approximately 100-fold-higher titer than HMPV. Surprisingly, the N and P chimeric viruses replicated to a peak titer that was 11- and 25-fold higher, respectively, than that of parental HMPV. The basis for this effect is not known but was not due to obvious changes in the efficiency of gene expression. AMPV and the N and P chimeras were evaluated for replication, immunogenicity, and protective efficacy in hamsters. AMPV was attenuated compared to HMPV in this mammalian host on day 5 postinfection, but not on day 3, and only in the nasal turbinates. In contrast, the N and P chimeras were reduced approximately 100-fold in both the upper and lower respiratory tract on day 3 postinfection, although there was little difference by day 5. The N and P chimeras induced a high level of neutralizing serum antibodies and protective efficacy against HMPV; AMPV was only weakly immunogenic and protective against HMPV challenge, reflecting antigenic differences. In African green monkeys immunized intranasally and intratracheally, the mean peak titer of the P chimera was reduced 100- and 1,000-fold in the upper and lower respiratory tracts, whereas the N chimera was reduced only 10-fold in the lower respiratory tract. Both chimeras were comparable to wild-type HMPV in immunogenicity and protective efficacy. Thus, the P chimera is a promising live HMPV vaccine candidate that paradoxically combines improved growth in vitro with attenuation in vivo.