gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A Novel Hemoglobin-Adenosine-Glutathione Based Blood Substitute: Evaluation of Its Effects on Human Blood Ex Vivo (2000)

Chemically modified hemoglobin (Hb) solutions are under current investigation as potential red cell substitutes. Researchers at Texas Tech University have developed a novel free Hb based blood substitute product. This blood substitute is composed of purified bovine Hb cross-linked intramolecularly with o-adenosine-5'-triphosphate and intermolecularly with o-adenosine, and conjugated with reduced glutathione (GSH). In this study, we compared the effects of our novel blood substitute and unmodified (U) Hb, by using allogenic plasma as the control, on human blood components: red blood cells (RBCs), platelets, monocytes (Mo), and low-density lipoproteins (LDLs). The pro-oxidant potential of both Hb solutions on RBCs was examined by the measurement of osmotic and mechanical fragility, conjugated dienes (CD), lipid hydroperoxides (LOOH), thiobarbituric acid reactants (TBAR-S), isoprostanes (8-iso PGF2alpha) and intracellular GSH. The oxidative modification of LDLs was assessed by CD, LOOH, and TBAR-S, and the degree of apolipoprotein (apo) B cross-linking. The effects of Hb on platelets have been studied by monitoring their responses to the aggregation agonists: collagen, ADP, epinephrine, and arachidonic acid. Monocytes were cultured with Hb solutions or plasma and tested for TNF-alpha and IL-1beta release, then examined by electron microscopy. Results indicate that native UHb initiates oxidative stress of many blood components and aggravates inflammatory responses of Mo. It also caused an increase in RBC osmotic and mechanical fragility (p < 0.001). While the level of GSH was slightly changed, the lipid peroxidation of RBC increased (p < 0.001). UHb was found to be a stimulator of 8-iso PGF2alpha synthesis, a potent modulator of LDLs, and an effective potentiator of agonist induced platelet aggregation. Contrarily, our novel blood substitute did not seem to induce oxidative stress nor to increase Mo inflammatory reactions. The osmotic and mechanical fragility of RBCs was similar to that of the control. Such modified Hb failed to alter LDLs, increase the production of 8-iso PGF2alpha, but markedly inhibited platelet aggregation. The effect of this novel blood substitute can be linked with the cytoprotective and anti-inflammatory properties of adenosine, which is used as a cross-linker and surface modifier, and a modification procedure that lowers the hemoglobin pro-oxidant potential.
Logomania: as marcas de luxo e o logo (2010)

As marcas de luxo são construídas e desenvolvidas estrategicamente para a manutenção e divulgação de seus valores e personalidade. Para a consolidação da marca, as empresas precisam buscar um diferencial, com ações estratégicas que criam o reconhecimento de uma identidade única na mente do consumidor. Entre as estratégias da marca, está a divulgação intensa de seu logotipo em toda a sua comunicação. Essa divulgação para ser realizada adequadamente e com resultados efetivos necessita da ajuda do design gráfico. Este artigo procura apresentar a utilização dos logotipos pelas marcas de luxo e a participação do design gráfico, através da criação e gestão de marcas (branding). Principalmente no que diz respeito a forma visual, as marcas de luxo estão se utilizando dos 'logos' para atingir o imaginário das pessoas.
Concurrent multipath transfer performance optimization using Kalman filter based predictive delay estimation in wireless networks (2011)

Today's researchers are witnessing the evolution of multi-interface terminals. The simultaneous utilization of multiple interfaces to improve network performances is facing a great challenge. The multiple interfaces are usually heterogeneous and wireless with different link characteristics. Because of unreliable wireless links, we need a good description of link characteristics. Kalman filter is an efficient recursive method which not only estimates and corrects the current system states but also predicts even the future states based on the latest state. In this paper, we use Kalman filter to predict packet transmission delay and use this estimation result for the flow distribution algorithm of concurrent multipath transfer. The simulation results show that our proposal with Kalman filter reduces the reordering degree and improves congestion window growth pattern. As a result, the total goodput increases.
Exposure to Bright Light and Darkness to Treat Physiologic Maladaptation to Night Work (1990)

Working at night results in a misalignment between the sleep-wake cycle and the output of the hypothalamic pacemaker that regulates the circadian rhythms of certain physiologic and behavioral variables. We evaluated whether such physiologic maladaptation to nighttime work could be prevented effectively by a treatment regimen of exposure to bright light during the night and darkness during the day. We assessed the functioning of the circadian pacemaker in five control and five treatment studies in order to assess the extent of adaptation in eight normal young men to a week of night work. In the control studies, on the sixth consecutive night of sedentary work in ordinary light (approximately 150 lux), the mean (+/- SEM) nadir of the endogenous temperature cycle continued to occur during the night (at 3:31 +/- 0:56 hours), indicating a lack of circadian adaptation to the nighttime work schedule. In contrast, the subjects in the treatment studies were exposed to bright light (7000 to 12,000 lux) at night and to nearly complete darkness during the day, and the temperature nadir shifted after four days of treatment to a significantly later, midafternoon hour (14:53 +/- 0:32; P less than 0.0001), indicating a successful circadian adaptation to daytime sleep and nighttime work. There were concomitant shifts in the 24-hour patterns of plasma cortisol concentration, urinary excretion rate, subjective assessment of alertness, and cognitive performance in the treatment studies. These shifts resulted in a significant improvement in both alertness and cognitive performance in the treatment group during the night-shift hours. We conclude that maladaptation of the human circadian system to night work, with its associated decline in alertness, performance, and quality of daytime sleep, can be treated effectively with scheduled exposure to bright light at night and darkness during the day.
Stem cells in the lung parenchyma and prospects for lung injury therapy (2006)

Until recently, it was thought that only embryonic stem cells were pluripotent and that adult stem cells were restricted in their differentiative and regenerative potential to become the tissues in which they reside. However, the discovery that adult stem cells in one tissue can contribute to the formation of other tissues, especially after injury or cell damage, implies that stem cells have developmental plasticity. For example, haematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) and mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) from bone marrow can be used to regenerate diverse tissues at distant sites, including the lung. This article reviews the character of stem cells in the lung parenchyma and focuses on the potential uses of adult stem cells in research of lung injury and lung disease therapies.
Overactive Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor Signaling Leads to Increased Fibrosis after Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus Infection (2017)

Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV) is a highly pathogenic respiratory virus that causes morbidity and mortality in humans. After infection with SARS-CoV, the acute lung injury caused by the virus must be repaired to regain lung function. A dysregulation in this wound healing process leads to fibrosis. Many survivors of SARS-CoV infection develop pulmonary fibrosis (PF), with higher prevalence in older patients. Using mouse models of SARS-CoV pathogenesis, we have identified that the wound repair pathway, controlled by the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), is critical to recovery from SARS-CoV-induced tissue damage. In mice with constitutively active EGFR [EGFR(DSK5) mice], we find that SARS-CoV infection causes enhanced lung disease. Importantly, we show that during infection, the EGFR ligands amphiregulin and heparin-binding EGF-like growth factor (HB-EGF) are upregulated, and exogenous addition of these ligands during infection leads to enhanced lung disease and altered wound healing dynamics. Our data demonstrate a key role of EGFR in the host response to SARS-CoV and how it may be implicated in lung disease induced by other highly pathogenic respiratory viruses.<b>IMPORTANCE</b> PF has many causative triggers, including severe respiratory viruses such as SARS-CoV. Currently there are no treatments to prevent the onset or limit the progression of PF, and the molecular pathways underlying the development of PF are not well understood. In this study, we identified a role for the balanced control of EGFR signaling as a key factor in progression to PF. These data demonstrate that therapeutic treatment modulating EGFR activation could protect against PF development caused by severe respiratory virus infection.
Sine-wave generation using a high-order lowpass switched-capacitor filter (1986)

A switched-capacitor filter may be used to generate a sine wave by filtering a square wave derived from the filter's clock. Using a high-order, rather than a second-order, filter eliminates the need for a precision high-Q filter response. With a seventh-order elliptic filter, this method achieved 0.07% total harmonic distortion.
IGF: A State-Free Robust Communication Protocol for Wireless Sensor Networks (2003)

Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) are being designed to solve a gamut of interesting real-world problems. Limitations on available energy and bandwidth, message loss, high rates of node failure, and communication restrictions pose challenging requirements for these systems. Beyond these inherent limitations, both the possibility of node mobility and energy conserving sleep protocols that power down nodes introduce additional complexity to routing protocols that depend on up to date routing or neighborhood tables. Such state-based protocols suffer excessive delay or message loss, as system dynamics require expensive upkeep of these tables. Utilizing characteristics of high node density and location awareness, we introduce IGF, a location-aware routing protocol that is robust and works without knowledge of the existence of neighboring nodes (state-free). We compare our work against established routing protocols to demonstrate the efficacy of our solution when nodes are mobile or periodically sleep to conserve energy. We show that IGF far outperforms these protocols, in some cases delivering close to 100% of the packets transmitted while alternate solutions fail to even find a path between a source and destination. Specifically, we show that our protocol demonstrates a vast improvement over prior work using metrics of delivery ratio, control overhead, and end-to-end delay.
Macroenvironmental Regulation of Hair Cycling and Collective Regenerative Behavior (2014)

The hair follicle (HF) regeneration paradigm provides a unique opportunity for studying the collective behavior of stem cells in living animals. Activation of HF stem cells depends on the core inhibitory BMP and activating WNT signals operating within the HF microenvironment. Additionally, HFs receive multilayered signaling inputs from the extrafollicular macroenvironment, which includes dermis, adipocytes, neighboring HFs, hormones, and external stimuli. These activators/inhibitors are integrated across multiple stem-cell niches to produce dynamic hair growth patterns. Because of their pigmentation, these patterns can be easily studied on live shaved animals. Comparing to autonomous regeneration of one HF, populations of HFs display coupled decision making, allowing for more robust and adaptable regenerative behavior to occur collectively. The generic cellular automata model used to simulate coordinated HF cycling here can be extended to study population-level behavior of other complex biological systems made of cycling elements.
Cable testing for advanced television systems (1989)

The author discusses rational expectations for the arrival of advanced television (ATV), based on the status of current efforts. He discusses the establishment, resources, and goals of Cable Television Laboratories, an R&D consortium formed by the cable industry in 1988, and examines the critical R&D issues that remain unresolved. He examines the likely form of cable testing and the factors, namely, large screen TV, prerecorded media, broadcast, and compatibility, which must be taken into account. He addresses what he calls the myth of the single universal standard, explaining why it is unlikely to occur.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Direct-ambient decomposition using parametric wiener filtering with spatial cue control (2015)

A method for decomposing audio signals into direct signals and ambient signals is described that can be applied to sound post-production and reproduction. The proposed method is based on a parametric multichannel Wiener filter (MWF) that enables a trade-off between the attenuation of the interfering signal and the distortion of the desired signal. We show that the MWF leads to distortions of the spatial cues of the ambient output signal, namely inter-channel correlation and inter-channel level difference. Our proposed solution is to control the trade-off parameter of the parametric MWF to ensure that these spatial distortions are inaudible.
Inhibition airway remodeling and transforming growth factor-β1/Smad signaling pathway by astragalus extract in asthmatic mice (2011)

Airway remodeling is characterized by airway wall thickening, subepithelial ﬁbrosis, increased smooth muscle mass, angiogenesis and increased mucous glands, which can lead to a chronic and obstinate asthma with pulmonary function depression. In the present study, we investigated whether the astragalus extract inhibits airway remodeling in a mouse asthma model and observed the effects of astragalus extract on the transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1)/Smad signaling pathway in ovalbumin-sensitized mice. Mice were sensitized and challenged by ovalbumin to establish a model of asthma. Treatments included the astragalus extract and budesonide. Lung tissues were obtained for hematoxylin and eosin staining and Periodic acid-Schiff staining after the ﬁnal ovalbumin challenge. Levels of TGF-β1 were assessed by immunohistology and ELISA, levels of TGF-β1 mRNA were measured by RT-PCR, and levels of P-Smad2/3 and T-Smad2/3 were assessed by western blotting. Astragalus extract and budesonide reduced allergen-induced increases in the thickness of bronchial airway and mucous gland hypertrophy, goblet cell hyperplasia and collagen deposition. Levels of lung TGF-β1, TGF-β1 mRNA and P-Smad2/3 were signiﬁcantly reduced in mice treated with astragalus extract and budesonide. Astragalus extract improved asthma airway remodeling by inhibiting the expression of the TGF-β1/Smad signaling pathway, and may be a potential drug for the treatment of patients with a severe asthma airway.
Evaluating memory sharing data size and TCP connections in the performance of a reconfigurable hardware-based architecture for TCP/IP stack (2007)

The TCP/IP (Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol) Stack processing based on software becomes a bottleneck for the explosive growth of data transmission rate on the Internet. Software- based TCP/IP is not able to process the packets at the same rate of transmission lines, which has been pushing the TCP/IP processing implementation into hardware. The use of dedicated hardware for TCP/IP stack processing aims reducing the Central Unit Processing (CPU) load and increase as possible the throughput for Internet services that need a large bandwidth. In this way, a reconfigurable hardware-based architecture to transport and network layers protocols processing is proposed. The effect of shared memory data size and the number of TCP connections were evaluated in terms of area and packets computation performance.
Floating-impedance convertors using current conveyors (1985)

A floating-negative-impedance convertor and a generalised impedance convertor are described. The circuits use a practical realisation of the CCII+ type current conveyor, the design being based on a differential input/output transadmittance cell.
An Adversarial Approach for Explainable AI in Intrusion Detection Systems (2018)

Despite the growing popularity of modern machine learning techniques (e.g, Deep Neural Networks) in cyber-security applications, most of these models are perceived as a black-box for the user. Adversarial machine learning offers an approach to increase our understanding of these models. In this paper we present an approach to generate explanations for incorrect classifications made by data-driven Intrusion Detection Systems (IDSs) An adversarial approach is used to find the minimum modifications (of the input features) required to correctly classify a given set of misclassified samples. The magnitude of such modifications is used to visualize the most relevant features that explain the reason for the misclassification. The presented methodology generated satisfactory explanations that describe the reasoning behind the mis-classifications, with descriptions that match expert knowledge. The advantages of the presented methodology are: 1) applicable to any classifier with defined gradients. 2) does not require any modification of the classifier model. 3) can be extended to perform further diagnosis (e.g. vulnerability assessment) and gain further understanding of the system. Experimental evaluation was conducted on the NSL-KDD99 benchmark dataset using Linear and Multilayer perceptron classifiers. The results are shown using intuitive visualizations in order to improve the interpretability of the results.
Fault coverage analysis in respect to an FSM specification (2002)

It is shown in this paper that the problem of deciding if a test suite generated from a finite state machine provides complete fault coverage can be converted into the problem of minimizing the test tree representing the test suite. A fault coverage analysis procedure, capable of deciding if a given test suite provides complete fault coverage in respect to a given FSM specification, is then developed. The core of this procedure is a state minimization procedure developed specifically for the class of FSMs whose graphic representations are trees. The fault coverage analysis procedure can cope with partially specified FSM specifications which need not be reduced and faults that increase the number of states up to a chosen upper bound. Two necessary and one sufficient conditions, which in some cases may simplify the fault coverage analysis, are also presented.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Treatment of Dravet Syndrome (2016)

Dravet syndrome is among the most challenging electroclinical syndromes. There is a high likelihood of recurrent status epilepticus; seizures are medically refractory; and patients have multiple co-morbidities, including intellectual disability, behaviour and sleep problems, and crouch gait. Additionally, they are at significant risk of sudden unexplained death. This review will focus predominantly on the prophylactic medical management of seizures, addressing both first-line therapies (valproate and clobazam) as well as second-line (stiripentol, topiramate, ketogenic diet) or later options (levetiracetam, bromides, vagus nerve stimulation). Sodium channel agents-including carbamazepine, oxcarbazepine, phenytoin and lamotrigine-should be avoided, as they typically exacerbate seizures. Several agents in development may show promise, specifically fenfluramine and cannabidiol, but they need further evaluation in randomized, controlled trials. In addition to prophylactic treatment, all patients need home-rescue medication and a status epilepticus protocol that can be carried out in their local hospital. Families must be counselled on non-pharmacologic strategies to reduce seizure risk, including avoidance of triggers that commonly induce seizures (including hyperthermia, flashing lights and patterns). In addition to addressing seizures, holistic care for a patient with Dravet syndrome must involve a multidisciplinary team that includes specialists in physical, occupational and speech therapy, neuropsychology, social work and physical medicine.
Congestion control for Web-based multimedia playback applications (2004)

To guarantee network stability while supporting multimedia applications over the Internet, a new dynamically adjusted TCP-friendly additive increase and multiplicative decrease (AIMD) congestion control algorithm, DTAIMD, is proposed. By studying the competition behavior of TCP and AIMD flows, the TCP-friendly condition for the AIMD (/spl alpha/, /spl beta/) congestion control is analytically derived. Quality of service (QoS) for multimedia playback applications is enhanced by choosing an appropriate parameter pair of (/spl alpha/, /spl beta/). Simulation results show that the proposed DTAIMD congestion control scheme is TCP-friendly and suitable for supporting multimedia playback applications.
Automated identification and quantitative morphometry of the senile plaques of Alzheimer's disease. (1997)

This is the first fully automated program to identify SPs and measure SP morphometry; it uses well-established digital image analysis and statistical pattern recognition methods. The computed SP densities correlate highly with expert results, and the systematic differences are smaller than the interrater differences reported in several multicenter Alzheimer's disease neuropathology studies. The program measures morphometric properties that would be impractical to measure by manual means and, with program-controlled, scanning stage microscopy, can measure lesion densities exhaustively across large cortical areas without stereologic sampling. SP densities rise from near zero to significant values at the mildest diagnosed stage of AD, but beyond this point, there is no demonstrable correlation of density, or any other SP property, with dementia severity. Computed SP densities for even the mildest dementia satisfy the consensus diagnostic criteria.
Acinetobacter qingfengensis sp. nov., isolated from canker bark of Populus × euramericana (2013)

Two Gram-negative, non-motile, rod-shaped bacterial strains, 2BJ1(T) and 2C-3-1, were isolated from canker bark of Populus × euramericana collected from different locations in Puyang City, Henan Province, China. The two strains were characterized using nutritional and physiological testing and DNA sequence analysis. They were found to produce acid from d-glucose. Haemolysis was not observed on agar medium supplemented with sheep erythrocytes. Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA, rpoB and gyrB gene sequences revealed that the strains formed a distinct cluster with 100 % bootstrap support within the genus Acinetobacter in all phylogenetic trees. The phenotypic characteristics most useful for the differentiation of the two strains from other species of the genus Acinetobacter were their ability to grow at 41 °C and to assimilate malonate, phenylacetate and trigonelline. Based on phenotypic, genotypic and phylogenetic characteristics, the two strains are considered to represent a novel species of the genus Acinetobacter, for which the name Acinetobacter qingfengensis sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is 2BJ1(T) ( = CFCC 10890(T) = KCTC 32225(T)).