gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Involvement of residues 296–299 in the enzymatic activity of tissue-type plasminogen activator (1992)

The tetra-alanine substitution variant KHRR 296-299 AAAA of tissue-type plasminogen activator (t-PA) was previously shown to have enhanced fibrin specificity and enhanced activity in the presence of fibrin compared with the wild-type form of the molecule. The structural requirements for these alterations in enzymatic activity were investigated by constructing several amino acid substitution variants at each of the positions from 296 to 299 and evaluating their activities under a variety of conditions. Effects on plasminogen activator activity were common among the point mutants at positions 296-299; nearly all had a phenotype similar to the KHRR 296-299 AAAA variant. The greatest effects on enzymatic function were found with multiple substitution variants, but some single charge reversals and proline substitutions had substantial effects. The enhanced fibrin specificity of KHRR 296-299 AAAA t-PA results in less fibrinogenolysis than seen with wild-type t-PA. Approximately four times greater concentration of KHRR 296-299 AAAA compared with wild-type t-PA was required to consume 50% of the fibrinogen in human plasma.
Novel method for data clustering and mode selection with application in voice conversion (2006)

Since the statistical properties of speech signals are variable and depend heavily on the content, it is hard to design speech processing techniques that would perform well on all inputs. For example, in voice conversion, where the aim is to transform the speech uttered by a source speaker to sound as if it was spoken by a target speaker, different types of interspeaker relationships can be found from different types of speech segments. To tackle this problem in a robust manner, we have developed a novel scheme for data clustering and mode selection. When applied in the voice conversion application, the main idea of the proposed approach is to first cluster the target data to achieve a minimized intra-cluster variability. Then, a mode selector or a classifier is trained on aligned source-related data to recognize the target-based clusters. Auxiliary speech features can be used to enhance the classification accuracy, in addition to the source data. Finally, a separate conversion scheme is trained and used for each cluster. The proposed scheme is fully data-driven and it avoids the need to use heuristic solutions. The superior performance of the proposed scheme has been verified in a practical voice conversion system.
Using a Subsurface Upflow Wetland for Nutrient and Pathogen Removal in an On-Site Sewage Treatment and Disposal System (2010)

The conventional decentralized sewage collection, treatment, and disposal systems are no longer able to fully respond to the needs of handling removal of nutrients.. Without proper sorption and nitrification/denitrification, a large fraction of nutrient loads such as nitrogen and phosphorus flowing into aquatic system may adversely affect the water quality and public health. Constructed wetland, a cost-effective small-scale wastewater treatment system with low energy and maintenance requirements and operational costs, may well fit the current needs. A subsurface constructed wetland system as designed as a performance-based passive on-site sewage treatment and disposal system (OSTDS) was proved effective after receiving septic wastewater flow. With the aid of a suite of locally adapted and selected plant species, such an OSTDS was configured to handle 189 cubic meters per day (50 GPD) influent using green sorption media at the test center located on the main campus of University of Central Florida (UCF). During the test run, results indicate that wetland 1, which was planted with Canna, achieved the best removal efficiency of 97.1 %, 98.3 %, 99.98 % and near 100.0 % for TN, TP, fecal coli and E.Coli, respectively.
Extending LTE to unlicensed band - Merit and coexistence (2015)

Innovations enabling efficient spectrum utilization is a key element to optimize user experience with growing data demand. This paper discusses the approach of extending enhancements in cellular technology like LTE to unlicensed band for higher spectral efficiency and better user experience. A key challenge for such extension is the coexistence with legacy technology such as Wi-Fi. The description herein highlights techniques for effective coexistence. The results include evaluation and lab data that demonstrate how the technology provide benefit to surrounding Wi-Fi deployment and contribute towards enhancing spectral efficiency of the unlicensed band.
Joint layered source adaptation and resource allocation over relay networks (2009)

Cooperative communications have received considerable attention for wireless multimedia applications as a means to improve reliability. To exploit such cooperation over slow fading channels, we propose to adaptively and efficiently transmit a layered source over a non-regenerative relay network. Specifically, we jointly determine the number of source encoder layers, the transmission rate and power for each layer to minimize the expected distortion of the reconstructed signal at the receiver. We show that having more relays can reduce the expected end-to-end distortion and that source adaptation with optimal resource allocation provides further improvements. Numerical results verify the effectiveness of our proposed algorithm, which enables low-complexity and adaptive streaming of scalable media source for future multimedia applications.
Terahertz Plasmon Resonances in Graphene-Filled Subwavelength Metallic Apertures (2016)

We observe and theoretically study new plasmon resonances in hybrid metal-graphene structures. We demonstrate anomalously high resonant terahertz absorption and transmission in graphene-filled metallic apertures. These tunable plasmon resonances can find applications in terahertz optoelectronics.
Abstract 179: MicroRNA-29c functions as a tumor suppressor by direct targeting endogenous SIRT1 in hepatocarcinogenesis (2012)

Abstract SIRT1 (Sirtuin 1) is the most well-known member of the class III histone deaceylase family which plays key roles in many cellular pathways by deacetylating or interacting with numerous non-histone proteins. Recent evidence has demonstrated that SIRT1 is up-regulated in a variety of human cancers and inhibition of SIRT1 expression or activity induces cancer cell growth retardation, cell cycle arrest and apoptosis. Although the functions of SIRT1 in cancer have been extensively studied, the underlying mechanisms of aberrant regulation of SIRT1 are not clearly understood. In the present study, we identified 5 microRNAs (miRNAs) that were significantly down-regulated in human hepatocellular carcinomas (HCCs) via large-scale miRNA expression analysis with computational prediction of miRNA targeting for SIRT1. Of these, it was found that miR-29c and miR-141 were directly able to suppress endogenous SIRT1 expression, but only miR-29c was able to recapitulate the effects of SIRT1 inactivation in HCC cells. In addition, the expression level of miR-29c was inversely correlated with SIRT1 protein expression levels in a subset of HCC tissues with their corresponding noncancerous tissue. The ectopic expressions of miR-29c in SNU-182 liver cancer cell lines suppressed cell growth and induced cell cycle arrest at G1-phase accompanied with the altered expressions of G1-related cellular components, such as CDK6, CDK2, cyclin D1, cyclin D3, phosphorylation of Rb and E2F1. Taken together, we suggest that loss or down-regulation of endogenous miR-29c causes aberrant overexpression of SIRT1 contributing oncogenic potential to the cells, and that a novel tumor suppression mechanism involving miR-29c may be amenable to epigenetic regulation in human HCC. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 103rd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2012 Mar 31-Apr 4; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2012;72(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 179. doi:1538-7445.AM2012-179
Antihypertensive (2-aminoethyl)thiourea derivatives. 1 (1980)

Structure-activity studies were carried out on a series of antihypertensive 1-(2-aminoethyl)-3-(substituted phenyl)thioureas. From this class of compounds, the 2,6-dichlorophenyl analogue 2 was found to have potent oral antihypertensive activity in two hypertensive rat models and the renal hypertensive dog. In addition to its effect on blood pressure, 2 displayed sedative effects which had a marked species specificity.
Development of a Compact Moving-Sample Magnetometer Using High-T<sub>c</sub> Superconducting Quantum Interference Device (2012)

We developed a compact moving-sample magnetometer that uses a high-temperature superconductor–superconducting quantum interference device (high- T c SQUID) to directly measure the flux coupled to a normal detection coil from a sample's magnetic moment in the presence of an external DC magnetic field. The moving-sample method is employed by inserting the sample between the poles of a DC electromagnet and vibrating the sample along the axis perpendicular to the external field axis using an actuator at a frequency of 2.693 Hz. First, the magnetic field of the sample is transferred by a first-order differential normal Cu coil to a SQUID for detection. Then, the SQUID output is fed to a lock-in amplifier for detection. The critical feature of the system design is the use of high- T c SQUID, which enables the realization of a compact system. The basic characteristics of the developed system are presented, and the current system exhibited a detection limit of 1×10 -7 emu.
Ultrabright PbSe Magic-sized Clusters (2008)

We present the synthesis and characterization of novel, ultrasmall PbSe magic-sized nanoclusters (MSCs). Unlike the syntheses of high-quality semiconductor nanoparticles, the MSC synthesis is straightforward, occurring at room temperature in air over several hours. MSCs have core diameters <2 nm and fluoresce in the near-infrared (900 nm) with remarkable quantum efficiencies consistently greater than 50%. The relatively slow growth of MSCs allows for a significant scale up of reaction volumes. Transfer to aqueous solvents has also been demonstrated, establishing MSCs as a potential new fluorophore for applications in biological imaging.
Benchmarking the acceleration of materials discovery by sequential learning (2020)

Sequential learning (SL) strategies, <i>i.e.</i> iteratively updating a machine learning model to guide experiments, have been proposed to significantly accelerate materials discovery and research. Applications on computational datasets and a handful of optimization experiments have demonstrated the promise of SL, motivating a quantitative evaluation of its ability to accelerate materials discovery, specifically in the case of physical experiments. The benchmarking effort in the present work quantifies the performance of SL algorithms with respect to a breadth of research goals: discovery of any "good" material, discovery of all "good" materials, and discovery of a model that accurately predicts the performance of new materials. To benchmark the effectiveness of different machine learning models against these goals, we use datasets in which the performance of all materials in the search space is known from high-throughput synthesis and electrochemistry experiments. Each dataset contains all pseudo-quaternary metal oxide combinations from a set of six elements (chemical space), the performance metric chosen is the electrocatalytic activity (overpotential) for the oxygen evolution reaction (OER). A diverse set of SL schemes is tested on four chemical spaces, each containing 2121 catalysts. The presented work suggests that research can be accelerated by up to a factor of 20 compared to random acquisition in specific scenarios. The results also show that certain choices of SL models are ill-suited for a given research goal resulting in substantial deceleration compared to random acquisition methods. The results provide quantitative guidance on how to tune an SL strategy for a given research goal and demonstrate the need for a new generation of materials-aware SL algorithms to further accelerate materials discovery.
A Novel Synthesis of New Antineoplastic 2‘-Deoxy-2‘-substituted-4‘-thiocytidines (1996)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVCommunicationNEXTA Novel Synthesis of New Antineoplastic 2'-Deoxy-2'-substituted-4'-thiocytidinesYuichi Yoshimura, Kenji Kitano, Hiroshi Satoh, Mikari Watanabe, Shinji Miura, Shinji Sakata, Takuma Sasaki, and Akira MatsudaView Author Information Research and Development Division, Yamasa Corporation, 2−10−1 Araoicho, Choshi, Chiba 288, Japan, Cancer Research Institute, Kanazawa University, 13−1 Takara-machi, Kanazawa 920, Japan, and Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hokkaido University, Kita-12, Nishi-6, Kita-ku, Sapporo 060, Japan Cite this: J. Org. Chem. 1996, 61, 3, 822–823Publication Date (Web):February 9, 1996Publication History Received2 November 1995Published online9 February 1996Published inissue 1 January 1996https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo9519423https://doi.org/10.1021/jo9519423rapid-communicationACS PublicationsCopyright © 1996 American Chemical SocietyRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views772Altmetric-Citations75LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (1)»Supporting Information Supporting Information SUBJECTS:Anions,Antineoplastic agents,Chemical synthesis,Mixtures,Reaction products Get e-Alerts
Does a monovalent inactivated human rotavirus vaccine induce heterotypic immunity? (2013)

There is substantial evidence for broad cross-reactive immunity and heterotypic protection among human rotavirus strains in children with natural infection or with monovalent Rotarix vaccination. In this commentary, we addressed this same topic by testing sera of guinea pigs and gnotobiotic piglets that were intramuscularly immunized with an inactivated human rotavirus vaccine and also demonstrated a broad cross-protective immunity among human rotavirus strains. Our findings from a single human strain in animal studies bode well for a low cost and efficacious inactivated vaccine to protect children against rotavirus disease throughout the world.
Simple all-microstructured-optical-fiber interferometer built via fusion splicing (2007)

We report a compact and stable all-microstructured-optical-fiber interferometer built with two fusion splices separated a few centimeters from each other. The air-holes of the fiber are intentionally collapsed in the vicinity of the splices. This broadens the propagating optical mode, allowing coupling of two modes in the section between the splices. A truly sinusoidal interference pattern was observed from 800 nm to 1600 nm with fringe visibility reaching 80%. The fringe spacing was inversely proportional to the distance between the splices. The potential of the device for sensing applications is demonstrated.
Finite difference modeling of multiple planes in packages (2006)

Power/ground planes in electronic packaging can be a major factor for noise coupling. There can be noise coupling not only in the transversal direction between two planes, but also vertically from one plane pair to another through the apertures and via holes. Due to the large size of the power/ground planes, it is difficult to analyze them using full-wave simulators. It is known that the finite difference solution of the Helmholtz equation provides a faster approach with a comparable accuracy. This paper presents new circuit models for a single plane pair based on the finite difference method: T- and X-models. It also presents a modeling approach for multiple plane pairs that are coupled through apertures
Electroacoustic deep-submergence transducer (1975)

An electroacoustic deep-submergence transducer is described. It includes an enclosure of closed form containing several piezoelectric motors made of ceramics and a tail mass. Each motor is connected to the enclosure which is excited by all. The motors have no other mechanical connection able to transmit static or dynamic forces except the enclosure itself. This transducer has two resonant frequencies which are independent of the value of the static pressure prevailing on the outside of the transducer, one frequency being due to the resonance of the envelope, and the other to the resonance of the motors. Experimental results were obtained for an array of ten transducers.
<i>In vitro</i>determination of normal and neoplastic human brain tissue optical properties using inverse adding-doubling (2006)

To complement a project towards the development of real-time optical biopsy for brain tissue discrimination and surgical resection guidance, the optical properties of various brain tissues were measured in vitro and correlated to features within clinical diffuse reflectance tissue spectra measured in vivo. Reflectance and transmission spectra of in vitro brain tissue samples were measured with a single-integrating-sphere spectrometer for wavelengths 400-1300 nm and converted to absorption and reduced scattering spectra using an inverse adding-doubling technique. Optical property spectra were classified as deriving from white matter, grey matter or glioma tissue according to histopathologic diagnosis, and mean absorption and reduced scattering spectra were calculated for the three tissue categories. Absolute reduced scattering and absorption values and their relative differences between histopathological groups agreed with previously reported results with the exception that absorption coefficients were often overestimated, most likely due to biologic variability or unaccounted light loss during reflectance/transmission measurement. Absorption spectra for the three tissue classes were dominated by haemoglobin absorption below 600 nm and water absorption above 900 nm and generally determined the shape of corresponding clinical diffuse reflectance spectra. Reduced scattering spectral shapes followed the power curve predicted by the Rayleigh limit of Mie scattering theory. While tissue absorption governed the shape of clinical diffuse reflectance spectra, reduced scattering determined their relative emission intensities between the three tissue categories.
Improved method for preparing high maltose conversion syrups (1989)

An improved method is presented for producing high maltose conversion syrups from liquefied and raw starch. It comprises saccharifying the starch at higher temperatures than presently used with environmentally compatible thermostable beta-amylase and other thermostable enzymes.
Synthesis of a New Class of N-Linked Lewis and LacNAc Analogues as Potential Inhibitors of Human Fucosyltransferases:  A General Method for the Incorporation of an Iminocyclitol as a Transition-State Mimetic of the Donor Sugar to the Acceptor (1998)

A short and effective synthesis of N-linked di- and trisaccharides is described. In a high-yielding reaction sequence, the glucosamine derivative 1 was transformed to the 3-azido-2,3-dideoxy sugar 2e under excellent stereocontrol. The LacNAc analogue 4d was synthesized as a single isomer in three steps starting from 2e. In a one-pot procedure, iminocyclitol 5 was transformed into aldehyde 6 and successfully used for reductive amination with 4c and 2f to give trisaccharide 8a and disaccharide 7a, respectively. This procedure represents a general strategy for the incorporation of an iminocyclitol as a transition-state mimic of the donor sugar moiety to the acceptor.
Telomere dysfunction accurately predicts clinical outcome in chronic lymphocytic leukaemia, even in patients with early stage disease (2014)

Defining the prognosis of individual cancer sufferers remains a significant clinical challenge. Here we assessed the ability of high-resolution single telomere length analysis (STELA), combined with an experimentally derived definition of telomere dysfunction, to predict the clinical outcome of patients with chronic lymphocytic leukaemia (CLL). We defined the upper telomere length threshold at which telomere fusions occur and then used the mean of the telomere 'fusogenic' range as a prognostic tool. Patients with telomeres within the fusogenic range had a significantly shorter overall survival (P < 0·0001; Hazard ratio [HR] = 13·2, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 11·6-106·4) and this was preserved in early-stage disease patients (P < 0·0001, HR=19·3, 95% CI = 17·8-802·5). Indeed, our assay allowed the accurate stratification of Binet stage A patients into those with indolent disease (91% survival at 10 years) and those with poor prognosis (13% survival at 10 years). Furthermore, patients with telomeres above the fusogenic mean showed superior prognosis regardless of their IGHV mutation status or cytogenetic risk group. In keeping with this finding, telomere dysfunction was the dominant variable in multivariate analysis. Taken together, this study provides compelling evidence for the use of high-resolution telomere length analysis coupled with a definition of telomere dysfunction in the prognostic assessment of CLL.
Fast Rubber Sheet Masking For Digital Subtraction Angiography (1989)

Rubber Sheet Masking (RSM) is a fully automated method for reducing motion artefacts in Digital Subtraction Angiography (DSA). RSM is based on Venot's registration method for DSA images but improves this method in two respects. Firstly, local image statistics are better taken into account. Secondly, RSM does not require user interaction to define region of interest for motion registration. Attention has furthermore been paid to fast implementation of the method, and to its clinical usefulness. The conclusion of the study is that RSM compares favourably with the conventional interactive pixel shift methods.
Participatory design and validation of mobility enhancement robotic wheelchair (2015)

The design of the mobility enhancement robotic wheelchair (MEBot) was based on input from electric powered wheelchair (EPW) users regarding the conditions they encounter when driving in both indoor and outdoor environments that may affect their safety and result in them becoming immobilized, tipping over, or falling out of their wheelchair. Phase I involved conducting a participatory design study to understand the conditions and barriers EPW users found to be difficult to drive in/over. Phase II consisted of creating a computer-aided design (CAD) prototype EPW to provide indoor and outdoor mobility that addressed these conditions with advanced applications. Phase III involved demonstrating the advanced applications and gathering feedback from end users about the likelihood they would use the advanced applications. The CAD prototype incorporated advanced applications, including self-leveling, curb climbing, and traction control, that addressed the challenging conditions and barriers discussed with EPW users (n = 31) during the participatory design study. Feedback of the CAD design and applications in phase III from end users (n = 12) showed a majority would use self-leveling (83%), traction control (83%), and curb climbing (75%). The overall design of MEBot received positive feedback from EPW users. However, these opinions will need to be reevaluated through user trials as the design advances.