gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Effect of CLA on milk fat synthesis in dairy cows: Comparison of inhibition by methyl esters and free fatty acids, and relationships among studies (2004)

CLA is a potent inhibitor of milk fat synthesis, as shown by investigations using mixtures of CLA isomers in FFA form. However, methyl esters of CLA can be initially formed in commercial synthesis, and their use in a supplement has certain manufacturing and cost advantages. Our objective was to compare abomasal infusion of methyl esters of CLA (ME-CLA) and FFA of CLA (FFA-CLA) on milk fat synthesis. Data were also combined with previous investigations to examine broader relationships between trans-10,cis-12 CLA and the reduction in milk fat. Three mid-lactation, rumen-fistulated Holstein cows were used in a 3 x 3 Latin square design. Treatments were (i) control, (ii) ME-CLA, and (iii) FFA-CLA. The ME-CLA and FFA-CLA treatments (4.2 g/d trans-10,cis-12 CLA) resulted in a comparable reduction in milk fat yield (38 and 39%, respectively) and pattern of reduction in individual FA. In contrast, milk yield, milk protein, and feed intake were unaltered by CLA treatment. Combining data across studies revealed strong correlations relating the reduction in milk fat yield to abomasal dose of trans-10,cis-12 CLA (R2 = 0.86), milk fat content of trans-10,cis-12 CLA (R2 = 0.93), and milk fat secretion of trans-10,cis-12 CLA (R2 = 0.82). Across studies, transfer efficiency of abomasally infused trans-10,cis-12 CLA into milk fat was relatively constant (22%; R2 = 0.94). Overall, ME-CLA and FFA-CLA were equally potent in reducing milk fat, and either form could be used to formulate a dietary supplement that would induce milk fat depression.
In vitro multistep human prostate epithelial cell models for studying prostate carcinogenesis (1995)

Abstract We have recently developed in vitro multistep human prostate epithelial (HPE) cell models that are suitable for studying prostate carcinogenesis. We have shown the stepwise immortalization and transformation of adult HPE cells grown in serum‐free medium by a combination of human papilloma virus (HPV)‐18 and v‐Ki ‐ras . These observations are consistent with molecular studies on human prostate adenocarcinomas that suggest that both the activated ras gene and HPVs play a role in prostate carcinogenesis. We also established adult HPE cells grown in serum‐free medium and immortalized by Polybrene‐induced DNA transfection with a plasmid containing an origin‐defective SV40 genome. The subsequent addition of v‐Ki ‐ras gene to these cells induced morphological alteration and tumors when they were transplanted into nude mice. In addition, we have achieved the neoplastic conversion of a nontumorigenic SV40‐immortalized fetal HPE line by v‐Ki ‐ras gene. These cell lines should be useful in defining the multistep mechanisms of carcinogenesis of the prostate. © 1995 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
The Class 4 Semaphorin Sema4D Promotes the Rapid Assembly of GABAergic Synapses in Rodent Hippocampus (2013)

Proper circuit function in the mammalian nervous system depends on the precise assembly and development of excitatory and inhibitory synaptic connections between neurons. Through a loss-of-function genetic screen in cultured hippocampal neurons, we previously identified the class 4 Semaphorin Sema4D as being required for proper GABAergic synapse development. Here we demonstrate that Sema4D is sufficient to promote GABAergic synapse formation in rodent hippocampus and investigate the kinetics of this activity. We find that Sema4D treatment of rat hippocampal neurons increases the density of GABAergic synapses as detected by immunocytochemistry within 30 min, much more rapidly than has been previously described for a prosynaptogenic molecule, and show that this effect is dependent on the Sema4D receptor PlexinB1 using PlxnB1(-/-) mice. Live imaging studies reveal that Sema4D elicits a rapid enhancement (within 10 min) in the rate of addition of synaptic proteins. Therefore, we demonstrate that Sema4D, via PlexinB1, acts to initiate synapse formation by recruiting molecules to both the presynaptic and the postsynaptic terminals; these nascent synapses subsequently become fully functional by 2 h after Sema4D treatment. In addition, acute treatment of an organotypic hippocampal slice epilepsy model with Sema4D reveals that Sema4D rapidly and dramatically alters epileptiform activity, which is consistent with a Sema4D-mediated shift in the balance of excitation and inhibition within the circuit. These data demonstrate an ability to quickly assemble GABAergic synapses in response to an appropriate signal and suggest a potential area of exploration for the development of novel antiepileptic drugs.
Circulating Differentially Methylated Amylin DNA as a Biomarker of β-Cell Loss in Type 1 Diabetes (2016)

In type 1 diabetes (T1D), β-cell loss is silent during disease progression. Methylation-sensitive quantitative real-time PCR (qPCR) of β-cell-derived DNA in the blood can serve as a biomarker of β-cell death in T1D. Amylin is highly expressed by β-cells in the islet. Here we examined whether demethylated circulating free amylin DNA (cfDNA) may serve as a biomarker of β-cell death in T1D. β cells showed unique methylation patterns within the amylin coding region that were not observed with other tissues. The design and use of methylation-specific primers yielded a strong signal for demethylated amylin in purified DNA from murine islets when compared with other tissues. Similarly, methylation-specific primers detected high levels of demethylated amylin DNA in human islets and enriched human β-cells. In vivo testing of the primers revealed an increase in demethylated amylin cfDNA in sera of non-obese diabetic (NOD) mice during T1D progression and following the development of hyperglycemia. This increase in amylin cfDNA did not mirror the increase in insulin cfDNA, suggesting that amylin cfDNA may detect β-cell loss in serum samples where insulin cfDNA is undetected. Finally, purified cfDNA from recent onset T1D patients yielded a high signal for demethylated amylin cfDNA when compared with matched healthy controls. These findings support the use of demethylated amylin cfDNA for detection of β-cell-derived DNA. When utilized in conjunction with insulin, this latest assay provides a comprehensive multi-gene approach for the detection of β-cell loss.
Electronic Two-Dimensional Beam Steering for Integrated Optical Phased Arrays (2014)

This paper presents electrical beam steering in an integrated 4×4 2D optical phased array (OPA) on a silicon on insulator (SOI) process enabling fast and repeatable beam steering for next generation projection, tracking, and imaging.
Alternative mechanisms of action of cationic antimicrobial peptides on bacteria (2007)

Cationic antimicrobial peptides are a novel type of antibiotic offering much potential in the treatment of microbial-related diseases. They offer many advantages for commercial development, including a broad spectrum of action and modest size. However, despite the identification or synthetic production of thousands of such peptides, the mode of action remains elusive, except for a few examples. While the dogma for the mechanism of action of antimicrobial peptides against bacteria is believed to be through pore formation or membrane barrier disruption, some peptides clearly act differently and other intracellular target sites have been identified. This article presents an updated review of how cationic antimicrobial peptides are able to affect bacterial killing, with a focus on internal targets.
Monolithic and heterogeneous integration of RGB micro-LED arrays with pixel-level optics array and CMOS image processor to enable small form-factor display applications (2020)

We report on Quantum Photonic Imager (QPI) device, which is comprised of a spatial array of digitally addressable multicolor micro-scale pixels, wherein each pixel is a vertical stack of Red, Green, Blue light emitting diodes (LEDs) with RGB light emission sharing the same optical aperture. Starting with Blue, Green and Red epi-wafers first processed to create any desired size micro-LED arrays with 5-10 μm pixel pitch (pixelated), each of the 3 processed epi-wafers are sequentially bonded to a single receiving handle wafer followed by substrate removal and backside process to create a handle wafer with Blue, Green and Red micro-LED pixel arrays stacked vertically on top of each other. The handle wafer, which encapsulates stacked RGB pixel array, is also monolithically pre-processed to incorporate micro-scale pixel level optical elements array that is designed to collimate and directionally modulate the multi-color light emitted from the individual pixels of the LED array. A proprietary CMOS image processor is then bonded to the handle wafer combining the vertically stacked arrays of micro-scale pixel-level optics and LEDs. The QPI device alleviates inefficiencies associated with spatially or temporally multiplexed color pixel architectures, enabling high pixel density leading to small form-factor display system design. Low power display system operation is enabled by the QPI device. Small form-factor multi-color “wearable” AR displays with sub-1W power consumption utilizing QPI optically coupled to the edge of the AR combining lens have been demonstrated. Additionally, QPI enabled compact light field displays, head-up displays and pico projectors have also been demonstrated.
Trellis-based feed-forward carrier recovery for coherent optical systems (2016)

An efficient trellis-based phase noise mitigation algorithm is proposed to highly improve the performance of coherent transmission systems, especially in high order modulation formats. The proposed method targets the coherent optical systems where the performance is limited by various sources of phase noise including laser line-width, fiber non-linearity, and phase noise induced by phase-locked loop. Considering hardware limitations of ultra-high data rate processing in optical systems, a hardware-efficient parallelized and pipelined architecture is utilized. Experimental results in 200 Gb/s DP-16QAM co-propagated with 10-G channels demonstrate significant performance improvement over other existing methods.
On the design of an efficient hydrogen liquefaction process (2006)

A first model for a hydrogen liquefaction prototype laboratory unit has been developed. The process is based on using a mixed component refrigerant (MCR) process for pre-cooling. The process also includes an implementation of ortho para conversion. By simulations it has been shown that this process have potential to improve the exergy efficiency for the liquefaction process and thereby also the energy requirements for hydrogen liquefaction. One of the key points in the design work has been to find a refrigerant that is sufficiently wide-boiling and at the same time not freezing at the low temperature end. The goal has been to reach sub-cooling to below 75 K without freezing out any component of the MCR. (authors)
Agonistic aptamer to the insulin receptor leads to biased signaling and functional selectivity through allosteric modulation (2015)

Due to their high affinity and specificity, aptamers have been widely used as effective inhibitors in clinical applications. However, the ability to activate protein function through aptamer-protein interaction has not been well-elucidated. To investigate their potential as target-specific agonists, we used SELEX to generate aptamers to the insulin receptor (IR) and identified an agonistic aptamer named IR-A48 that specifically binds to IR, but not to IGF-1 receptor. Despite its capacity to stimulate IR autophosphorylation, similar to insulin, we found that IR-A48 not only binds to an allosteric site distinct from the insulin binding site, but also preferentially induces Y1150 phosphorylation in the IR kinase domain. Moreover, Y1150-biased phosphorylation induced by IR-A48 selectively activates specific signaling pathways downstream of IR. In contrast to insulin-mediated activation of IR, IR-A48 binding has little effect on the MAPK pathway and proliferation of cancer cells. Instead, AKT S473 phosphorylation is highly stimulated by IR-A48, resulting in increased glucose uptake both in vitro and in vivo. Here, we present IR-A48 as a biased agonist able to selectively induce the metabolic activity of IR through allosteric binding. Furthermore, our study also suggests that aptamers can be a promising tool for developing artificial biased agonists to targeted receptors.
Tricyclic Pyrazoles. 3. Synthesis, Biological Evaluation, and Molecular Modeling of Analogues of the Cannabinoid Antagonist 8-Chloro-1-(2‘,4‘-dichlorophenyl)-<i>N</i>-piperidin-1-yl-1,4,5,6- tetrahydrobenzo[6,7]cyclohepta[1,2-<i>c</i>]pyrazole-3-carboxamide (2005)

A series of analogues of 8-chloro-1-(2',4'-dichlorophenyl)-N-piperidin-1-yl-1,4,5,6-tetrahydrobenzo[6,7]cyclohepta[1,2-c]pyrazole-3-carboxamide 4a (NESS 0327) (Ruiu, S.; Pinna, G. A.; Marchese, G.; Mussinu, J. M.; Saba, P.; Tambaro, S.; Casti, P.; Vargiu, R.; Pani, L. Synthesis and Characterization of NESS 0327: A Novel Putative Antagonist of CB1 Cannabinoid Receptor. J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther. 2003, 306, 363-370) was synthesized and evaluated for their affinity to cannabinoid receptors. Depending on the chemical modification of the lead structure that was chosen, compounds 4b, 4c, 4i, 4l, and 4m still proved to be potent binders of the CB1 receptor. Moreover, several analogues (4c, 4d, 4e, and 4m) demonstrated superior CB2 receptor binding affinities compared to the parent ligand. Compounds 4b, 4c, 4i, and 4l displayed the most promising pharmacological profiles, having the highest selectivity for CB1 receptors with Ki(CB2) to Ki(CB1) ratios of 11,250, 2000, 3330 and 4625, respectively. Compound 4c increased the intestinal propulsion in mice and antagonized the effect induced by the CB1 receptor agonist WIN 55,212-2. Finally, molecular modeling studies were carried out on a set of tricyclic pyrazoles (2a-4a) and on rimonabant 1 (SR141716A), indicating that high CB1 receptors affinities were consistent for the tricyclic derivatives, both with a nonplanar geometry of the tricyclic cores and with a precise orientation of the substituent (chlorine) on this ring system.
VPLS Flush in BGP-based Virtual Private LAN Service (2008)

This document defines procedures that allow BGP based Virtual Private
LAN Service (VPLS) provider edge (PE) devices to send explicit flush
notifications to remote VPLS PEs.
Design and Stereoselective Preparation of a New Class of Chiral Olefin Metathesis Catalysts and Application to Enantioselective Synthesis of Quebrachamine: Catalyst Development Inspired by Natural Product Synthesis (2008)

A total synthesis of the Aspidosperma alkaloid quebrachamine in racemic form is first described. A key catalytic ring-closing metathesis of an achiral triene is used to establish the all-carbon quaternary stereogenic center and the tetracyclic structure of the natural product; the catalytic transformation proceeds with reasonable efficiency through the use of existing achiral Ru or Mo catalysts. Ru- or Mo-based chiral olefin metathesis catalysts have proven to be inefficient and entirely nonselective in cases where the desired product is observed. In the present study, the synthesis route thus serves as a platform for the discovery of new olefin metathesis catalysts that allow for efficient completion of an enantioselective synthesis of quebrachamine. Accordingly, on the basis of mechanistic principles, stereogenic-at-Mo complexes bearing only monodentate ligands have been designed. The new catalysts provide significantly higher levels of activity than observed with the previously reported Ru- or Mo-based complexes. Enantiomerically enriched chiral alkylidenes are generated through diastereoselective reactions involving achiral Mo-based bispyrrolides and enantiomerically pure silyl-protected binaphthols. Such chiral catalysts initiate the key enantioselective ring-closing metathesis step in the total synthesis of quebrachamine efficiently (1 mol % loading, 22 degrees C, 1 h, >98% conversion, 84% yield) and with high selectivity (98:2 er, 96% ee).
Chemoenzymatic Synthesis of HIV‐1 gp41 Glycopeptides: Effects of Glycosylation on the Anti‐HIV Activity and α‐Helix Bundle‐Forming Ability of Peptide C34 (2005)

C34 is a 34-mer peptide derived from the C-terminal ectodomain of HIV-1 envelope glycoprotein, gp41. The C34 region in native gp41 carries a conserved N-glycan at Asn637 and the sequence is directly involved in the virus-host membrane fusion, an essential step for HIV-1 infection. This paper describes the synthesis of glycoforms of C34 which carry a monosaccharide, a disaccharide, and a native oligosaccharide moiety. The synthesis of the glycopeptide which carries a native high-mannose type N-glycan was achieved by a chemoenzymatic approach by using an endoglycosidase-catalyzed oligosaccharide transfer as the key step. The effects of glycosylation on the inhibitory activity and the helix-bundle forming ability of C34 were investigated. It was found that glycosylation moderately decreases the anti-HIV activity of C34 and, in comparison with C34, glyco-C34 forms less compact six-helix bundles with the corresponding N-terminal peptide, N36. This study suggests that conserved glycosylation modulates the anti-HIV activity and conformations of the gp41 C-peptide, C34.
Synthesis of highly lipophilic crown ether carboxylic acids (1983)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTSynthesis of highly lipophilic crown ether carboxylic acidsRichard A. Bartsch, Yung Liu, Sang Ihn Kang, Byungki Son, Gwi Suk Heo, Paul G. Hipes, and Lyndra J. BillsCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1983, 48, 25, 4864–4869Publication Date (Print):December 1, 1983Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 December 1983https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo00173a016https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00173a016research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views560Altmetric-Citations50LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
A Dual Sensing Approach to Simultaneous Temperature and Pressure Measurement From Injection Mold Cavity (2006)

This paper presents the design and performance analysis of a self-energized wireless sensor capable of simultaneous pressure-temperature dual sensing from within a mold cavity. The sensor extracts energy from the polymer melt pressure differential during the injection molding process and uses ultrasonic pulses as the wireless information transmission carrier. Simultaneous acquisition of melt temperature and pressure and differentiation of the two parameters at the signal receiver's end are made possible by variations of two parameters related to the ultrasonic pulses: the number of ultrasound pulses and the carrier frequency. While the pressure is discretized and translated proportionally into a corresponding number of pulses by a threshold modulator, a temperature-sensitive oscillator module converts the melt temperature variations into a shift of the ultrasound carrier frequency. To quantitatively evaluate the effectiveness of transmission and retrieval of the dual sensing data, an analytical model is established that relates the sensor design to the molding process parameters. The developed technique is validated by the experimental data from a real physical model.
Microwave engineering of plasma-assisted CVD reactors for diamond deposition (2009)

The unique properties of CVD diamond make it a compelling choice for high power electronics. In order to achieve industrial use of CVD diamond, one must simultaneously obtain an excellent control of the film purity, very low defect content and a sufficiently rapid growth rate. Currently, only microwave plasma-assisted chemical vapour deposition (MPACVD) processes making use of resonant cavity systems provide enough atomic hydrogen to satisfy these requirements. We show in this paper that the use of high microwave power density (MWPD) plasmas is necessary to promote atomic hydrogen concentrations that are high enough to ensure the deposition of high purity diamond films at large growth rates. Moreover, the deposition of homogeneous films on large surfaces calls for the production of plasma with appropriate shapes and large volumes. The production of such plasmas needs generating a fairly high electric field over extended regions and requires a careful design of the MW coupling system, especially the cavity. As far as MW coupling efficiency is concerned, the presence of a plasma load represents a mismatching perturbation to the cavity. This perturbation is especially important at high MWPD where the reflected fraction of the input power may be quite high. This mismatch can lead to a pronounced heating of the reactor walls. It must therefore be taken into account from the very beginning of the reactor design. This requires the implementation of plasma modelling tools coupled to detailed electromagnetic simulations. This is discussed in section 3. We also briefly discuss the operating principles of the main commercial plasma reactors before introducing the reactor design methodology we have developed. Modelling results for a new generation of reactors developed at LIMHP, working at very high power density, will be presented. Lastly, we show that scaling up this type of reactor to lower frequencies (915 MHz) can result in high density plasmas allowing for fast and homogeneous diamond deposition on up to 160 mm diameter surfaces.
Interference Projection Exposure System (2011)

An interference projection exposure system is presented for single-exposure fabrication of low-spatial-frequency functional elements in a high-spatial-frequency, all-surrounding periodic pattern. Photonic crystal devices are demonstrated.