gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Artificial Intelligence in Software Engineering (2024)

This volume is a broad-based collection of chapters that address the areas of overlap between the fields of artificial intelligence (AI) and software engineering. A taxonomy of this overlap area is developed and related to other major attempts to address the interaction between these two fields. Each of the four major subareas-AI-based support environments, software engineering toolds and techniques, methodological issues of AI software development, and AI techniques in practical software is described and illustrated with representative examples.
Exploring the effect of using vibrate-type haptic glove in the VR industrial training task (2020)

Is it a dream came true for you to experience a Virtual Reality (VR) and be able to touch virtual objects and manipulate them with your bare hands? The recent growth of the Virtual Reality market resulted in an intensification of the development of the haptics gloves technology. The newly haptics gloves, Bebop gloves launched and commercialized recently which will use for this study. Earlier research has explored a range of haptics effects mainly on VR surgery or gaming. Yet, VR industrial training has gradually received attention in recent years. Creating multiple scenarios in the virtual scene is not only cost-effective but also increases safety and reduces training time. However, not many research studies have explored using haptic gloves in the VR industrial training environment. This study tries to complement earlier research by investigating usability and user performance using bebop vibration gloves in VR industrial training. The purposes were to provide a usability review of bebop gloves and explored the effect of haptics in VR industrial training. Three different haptics settings (Non-haptics, Partial haptics, and Full-haptics) were being set up. Eighteen users were then recruited to try randomly two haptics settings. Each user had to complete a five steps VR industrial training task while “thinking aloud”, followed by questionnaires and interviews after the task. The error and time recorded for each training step. These results confirmed several conclusions drawn in earlier research about how the haptics affect user performance in the VR environment, as well as how the behavior changes when using the haptics gloves in a VR environment. Last but not least the results also pointed to the importance of vibration haptics benefits in small-scale actions and provide the user with an interpersonal confirmation.
Laser eye injuries in military occupations. (2003)

As illustrated by these cases, human and societal costs from unintentional laser eye injuries can be reduced by improving operator training, safety procedure compliance, and equipment design. In addition, intentional laser eye injuries are a growing concern and further research is needed to design appropriate protection, treatment and countermeasures.
Introduction to the Synthesis and Purification of Oligonucleotides (2000)

Modern nucleic acid synthesizers utilize phosphite triester chemistries that employ stable phosphoramidite monomers to build a growing polymer. These robust reactions allow easy generation of specific oligodeoxyribo- and oligoribonucleotides with a variety of labels, modified linkages, and nonstandard bases. Strategies are given for the maximization of synthetic yield, the generation of sequences containing site-specific modifications, and the isolation of synthetic oligonucleotides. Protocols describe monitoring the progress of synthesis via the trityl assay and methods for deprotection.
Distributed Interference-Aware Energy-Efficient Power Optimization (2011)

Power optimization techniques are becoming increasingly important in wireless system design since battery technology has not kept up with the demand of mobile devices. They are also critical to interference management in wireless systems because interference usually results from both aggressive spectral reuse and high power transmission and severely limits system performance. In this paper, we develop an energy-efficient power optimization scheme for interference-limited wireless communications. We consider both circuit and transmission powers and focus on energy efficiency over throughput. We first investigate a non-cooperative game for energy-efficient power optimization in frequency-selective channels and reveal the conditions of the existence and uniqueness of the equilibrium for this game. Most importantly, we discover a sufficient condition for generic multi-channel power control to have a unique equilibrium in frequency-selective channels. Then we study the tradeoff between energy efficiency and spectral efficiency and show by simulation results that the proposed scheme improves both energy efficiency and spectral efficiency in an interference-limited multi-cell cellular network.
Defects in Nuclear and Cytoskeletal Morphology and Mitochondrial Localization in Spermatozoa of Mice Lacking Nectin-2, a Component of Cell-Cell Adherens Junctions (2000)

Nectin-2 is a cell adhesion molecule encoded by a member of the poliovirus receptor gene family. This family consists of human, monkey, rat, and murine genes that are members of the immunoglobulin gene superfamily. Nectin-2 is a component of cell-cell adherens junctions and interacts with l-afadin, an F-actin-binding protein. Disruption of both alleles of the murine nectin-2 gene resulted in morphologically aberrant spermatozoa with defects in nuclear and cytoskeletal morphology and mitochondrial localization. Homozygous null males are sterile, while homozygous null females, as well as heterozygous males and females, are fertile. The production by nectin-2(-/-) mice of normal numbers of spermatozoa containing wild-type levels of DNA suggests that Nectin-2 functions at a late stage of germ cell development. Consistent with such a role, Nectin-2 is expressed in the testes only during the later stages of spermatogenesis. The structural defects observed in spermatozoa of nectin-2(-/-) mice suggest a role for this protein in organization and reorganization of the cytoskeleton during spermiogenesis.
Innovative Integrated System for Real-Time Measurement of Hybridization and Melting on Standard Format Microarrays (2008)

Despite the great popularity and potential of microarrays, their use for research and clinical applications is still hampered by lengthy and costly design and optimization processes, mainly because the technology relies on the end point measurement of hybridization. Thus, the ability to monitor many hybridization events on a standard microarray slide in real time would greatly expand the use and benefit of this technology, as it would give access to better prediction of probe performance and improved optimization of hybridization parameters. Although real-time hybridization and thermal denaturation measurements have been reported, a complete walk-away system compatible with the standard format of microarrays is still unavailable. To address this issue, we have designed a biochip tool that combines a hybridization station with active mixing capability and temperature control together with a fluorescence reader in a single compact benchtop instrument. This integrated live hybridization machine (LHM) allows measuring in real time the hybridization of target DNA to thousands of probes simultaneously and provides excellent levels of detection and superior sequence discrimination. Here we show on an environmental single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) model system that the LHM enables a variety of experiments unachievable with conventional biochip tools.
Fabrication, Writing, and Reading of 10 Gbits/in<sup>2</sup> Longitudinal Quantized Magnetic Disks with a Switching Field over 1000 Oe (1998)

Quantized magnetic disks (QMDs) with a density of 10 Gbits/in 2 were fabricated using nanoimprint lithography and a lift-off process. Each bit in the QMD consists of a patterned single domain Co bar with a length of 200 nm, a width of 60 nm, and a bar spacing of 130 nm. Magnetic force microscope (MFM) was used to write and read the QMD. In 2.5 µm×2.5µm MFM window, error-free MFM writing has been achieved, even though there is no feedback control of the writing tip position and the Co bars switching field was as high as 1020 Oe.
Project normal: Defining normal variance in mouse gene expression (2001)

The mouse has become an indispensable and versatile model organism for the study of development, genetics, behavior, and disease. The application of comprehensive gene expression profiling technologies to compare normal and diseased tissues or to assess molecular alterations resulting from various experimental interventions has the potential to provide highly detailed qualitative and quantitative descriptions of these processes. Ideally, to interpret experimental data, the magnitude and diversity of gene expression for the system under study should be well characterized, yet little is known about the normal variation of mouse gene expression in vivo. To assess natural differences in murine gene expression, we used a 5406-clone spotted cDNA microarray to quantitate transcript levels in the kidney, liver, and testis from each of 6 normal male C57BL6 mice. We used ANOVA to compare the variance across the six mice to the variance among four replicate experiments performed for each mouse tissue. For the 6 kidney samples, 102 of 3,088 genes (3.3%) exhibited a statistically significant mouse variance at a level of 0.05. In the testis, 62 of 3,252 genes (1.9%) showed statistically significant variance, and in the liver, there were 21 of 2,514 (0.8%) genes with significantly variable expression. Immune-modulated, stress-induced, and hormonally regulated genes were highly represented among the transcripts that were most variable. The expression levels of several genes varied significantly in more than one tissue. These studies help to define the baseline level of variability in mouse gene expression and emphasize the importance of replicate microarray experiments.
Selection of Optimal Conditions of Inulin Extraction from Jerusalem Artichoke (Helianthus Tuberosus L.) Tubers by using Ultrasonic Water Bath (2023)

Ultrasonic extraction is an inexpensive, simple and efficient alternative to conventional extraction techniques, as compared with other novel extraction techniques such as microwave-assisted extraction & supercritical fluid extraction techniques, the ultrasound apparatus is cheaper and its operation is easier. Ultrasound assisted extraction has risen rapidly in the latest decade, and for most applications it has proven to be effective compared to traditional extraction techniques. In this paper, a method of ultrasonic-assisted extraction was used to extract Inulin from tubers of Jerusalem artichoke, which have been reported to have several medicinal properties and uses. Inulin is a storage carbohydrate found in many plants especially in chicory root, Jerusalem artichoke and dahlia tuber. In this study, the effect of time, temperature, pH and solid to liquid ratio on Inulin extraction from Jerusalem artichoke tubers by using ultrasonic water bath. The highest yield of Inulin were investigated from Jerusalem artichoke tuber was (99.47%) at temperature of 70°C, pH=7, 60 min and ratio of solid to solvent was (10gm/100ml). Then, The UV detector by colorimetric method with vanillin–sulfuric acid was used for the quantification of Inulin.
Neovascularization of Skin Flaps (1980)

Axial flaps were elevated in a pig and rat model. Selective ligation of the vascular pedicles on days 1 to 7 following elevation of the flap demonstrated total necrosis of all flaps when the pedicles were ligated on the first, second, and third postoperative day in the pig, and up to 6 days inthe rat. Pedicle ligation beyond this time did not produce flap necorsis, indicating the establishment of adequate neovascularization for flap survival. Selective ligation of the artery or vein did not appear to be significant in the pig. In the rat flap, however, survival tended to occur sooner. Adequate neovascularization for flap survival was demonstrated as arising from both the wound edges and the bed, although vascular channels occurring from the bed appeared to be of greater importance. The relatively rapid rate of neovascularization that occurs for adequate flap survival suggests that if some way could be found to maintain flap viability during the first week, the feeding vessels need no longer remain patent and may be ligated or used for other purposes. This interesting observation has already allowed very early successful defatting of clinically transferred flaps.
A 0.26% BER, 10<sup>28</sup> Challenge-Response Machine-Learning Resistant Strong-PUF in 14nm CMOS Featuring Stability-Aware Adversarial Challenge Selection (2020)

A 10 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">28</sup> challenge-response strong-PUF in 14nm CMOS, demonstrates machine learning (ML) attack resistance across 6-million training samples. The 2-stage non-linear cascaded PUF array with adversarial challenge selection limits ML attack accuracy to ~50%. The configurable cross-coupled inverter-based entropy source with stability-aware challenge pruning enables 9.8× higher array density and 0.26% peak BER across 650-850mV and 0-100°C.
Spacedesign: a mixed reality workspace for aesthetic industrial design (2003)

Spacedesign is an innovative mixed reality (MR) application addressed to aesthetic design of free form curves and surfaces. It is a unique and comprehensive approach which uses task-specific configurations to support the design workflow from concept to mock-up evaluation and review. The first-phase conceptual design benefits from a workbench-like 3-D display for free hand sketching, surfacing and engineering visualization. Semitransparent stereo glasses augment the pre-production physical prototype by additional shapes, textures and annotations. Both workspaces share a common interface and allow collaboration and cooperation between different experts, who can configure the system for the specific task. A faster design workflow and CAD data consistency can be thus naturally achieved. Tests and collaborations with designers, mainly from automotive industry, are providing systematic feedback for this ongoing research. As far as the authors are concerned, there is no known similar approach that integrates the creation and editing phase of 3D curves and surfaces in virtual and augmented reality (VR/AR). Herein we see the major contribution of our new application.
Prediction of Heat Capacities of Solid Inorganic Salts from Group Contributions (1996)

A group contribution technique is proposed to predict the coefficients in the heat capacity correlation, Cp = a + bT + c/T2 + dT2, for solid inorganic salts. The results from this work are compared with experimental data from the literature. The technique is shown to give good predictions for both simple and complex solid inorganic salts. Literature heat capacities for a large number (664) of solid inorganic salts covering a broad range of cations (129), anions (17), and ligands (2) have been used in regressions to obtain group contributions for the parameters in the heat capacity temperature function. A mean error of 3.18% is found when predicted values are compared with literature values for heat capacity at 298 K.
Fermentation of oxidized hexose derivatives by Clostridium acetobutylicum (2014)

The metabolic network presented in this work should facilitate similar reconstructions in other organisms, and provides a further understanding of the pathways involved in metabolism of oxidized feedstocks and carbohydrate mixtures. The nearly homoacetic fermentation during growth on galacturonate indicates further optimization of this and related organisms could provide a route to an effective biologically derived acetic acid production platform. Furthermore, the pathways could be targeted to decrease production of undesirable products during fermentations of heterogeneous biomass.
Analysis of carrier concentration, lifetime, and electron mobility on p-type HgCdTe (1998)

Minority carrier transport characteristics of vacancy-doped p-type HgCdTe such as carrier concentration, lifetime, and mobility are investigated. In the calculation of the carrier concentration two acceptor levels—a donor level and a trap level—were taken into account. The acceptor levels have been described by two models—two independent singly ionized levels and a divalent level with two ionization energies. When each model was examined by calculating electron mobility as a function of temperature, the latter was found to be more accurate. Electron mobility as a function of majority carrier concentration was also presented for both n-type and p-type HgCdTe with 0.225 Cd mole fraction. Steady state electron lifetime was computed assuming the acceptor levels and the trap level would act as Schokley–Read–Hall type recombination centers. The calculated results using the divalent acceptor model were in good agreement with the experimental data.
Vaccinia Virus MUC1 Immunization of Mice (1993)

MUC1 is a mucin found on the apical surfaces of some normal mammalian mucin-secreting cells. It is characterized by heavy glycosylation and a 20-amino-acid tandem repeat segment. In most cases of human breast adenocarcinoma, this antigen is overexpressed. Moreover, abnormal glycosylation exposes a novel peptide epitope within the tandem repeat, such that antibodies to this epitope can distinguish normal from malignant adenocarcinomatous breast tissue. We have constructed a vaccinia virus (VV) that carries the cDNA for the MUC1 antigen. Murine and human cells infected with this virus express the MUC1 molecule, with three to four tandem repeats per molecule and with the tumor-associated epitopes exposed. Mice immunized with this virus produce antibodies that recognize MUC1 outside the tandem repeat, within the tandem repeat, and within the tumor-associated protein core epitope. Tumorigenic P815 (DBA) and 3T3 (BALB/c) cells have been transfected with MUC1. Thirty percent of DBA mice immunized with VV-MUC1 are protected from growth of P815-MUC1 tumors when implanted with 10(5) cells. Immunized BALB/c mice show a late development of transfected 3T3 tumor cells. Immunized mice show a moderate MUC1-specific IgG titer, but it cannot be correlated with subsequent tumor rejection. No evidence for a MUC1-specific cytotoxic T lymphocyte response has been found after immunization with VV-MUC1.
A maximal entropy digital chaotic circuit (2011)

This paper introduces a novel digital chaotic circuit that is capable of supporting both the maximum entropy requirements of a chaotic communication system and the hardware efficiency requirements of practical implementations. Moreover, since the circuits implement a discrete-time discrete- amplitude chaotic mapping, the circuit is capable of overcoming the traditional "hard" problem of chaotic circuit synchronization in communication systems by mapping it to the well understood problem of timing synchronization. The efficiency gains of this circuit come from extrapolation of the traditional chaotic properties to closed Galois fields, finite residue number system (RNS) arithmetic, and truncated conversion to a weighted number system.
Preparation of Concrete Plasticizer from Corncob Residue of Enzymatic Hydrolysis (2011)

Corncob residue from enzymatic hydrolysis of preparing bio-ethanol was modified and separated by the process of alkaline sulfite pulping(ASP) and the lignosulfonate used as concrete plasticizer was obtained in this process.Results show that the optimum reaction conditions are: alkali dosage 14%(Na2O),degree of sulfitation 75%～85%,temperature 155℃,time 3～3.5 h.Under these conditions,the performance of lignosulfonate is as follows: yield 51.39%,fluidity of cement paste 112 mm when the lignosulfonate dosage was 0.35%(solid),surface tension 46.4 mN/m,content of sulfonate group 1.89 mmol/g.
Einleitung (1978)

Unter den Methoden zur katalytischen Einführung von Sauerstoff in organische Substrate ist die Umsetzung von Kohlenmonoxid mit geeigneten Verbindungen z. B. ungesättigten aliphatischen Kohlenwasserstoffen in Gegenwart von Übergangsmetallcarbonylkomplexen (Carbonylierungsreaktion) ein technisch bedeutender Weg. Als katalytisch aktive Verbindungen dienen dabei z. B. HCo(CO)4, HRh(CO)[P(C6H5)3] oder Ni(CO)4.
CloudVal: A framework for validation of virtualization environment in cloud infrastructure (2011)

We present CloudVal, a framework to validate the reliability of virtualization environment in Cloud Computing infrastructure. A case study, based on injecting faults in the KVM hypervisor and Xen hypervisor, was conducted to show the viability of the framework. The study shows that due to the architectural differences between KVM and Xen, a direct comparison of the two virtualization systems is not feasible. In order to confidently weigh error resiliency of virtualization systems, more comprehensive studies are required. We believe, however, that the fault injection approach and the fault models proposed in this paper are a good starting point towards designing and implementing a benchmark which would enable the assessment of different virtualization infrastructures in a common manner.
Syphilis, Sex and Psychiatry, 1789–1925: Part 2 (2010)

By the end of the 19th century, social changes such as population growth, mass migration from Eastern Europe and technological developments led to a great rise in syphilis. By 1900, it was estimated that 5-20% of the population of Europe and the USA had, or would have, syphilis. By 1914, there were over 100,00 new cases and 3 million cases of syphilis in Great Britain. There was a constant interaction between syphilis, prostitution and sexual crime; it was the likely motivation for the Jack the Ripper murders, if not many in the next century. The idea of hereditary syphilis fitted perfectly into the theory of degeneration and coursed through psychiatry and caught the attention of Adolf Hitler, facilitating his antisemitic paranoia. Psychiatric progress passed to the German school, led by Kraepelin who did his first research into the symptoms and course of neurosyphilis. In 1906, Wasserman's serological test for syphilis showed that latent lesions could be present. Any doubt about the cause of syphilis was finally eliminated when Noguchi and Moore demonstrated the presence of treponema pallidum in paretic brains in 1913. German academic psychiatry defined psychiatric practice for the next century but malariotherapy, the first physical treatment in psychiatry, was announced by Julius Wagner-Juarreg in Vienna in 1917, bringing hope to the incurable and destroying the climate of therapeutic nihilism that haunted psychiatry. The first trial of malariotherapy in Australia was done by Reginald Ellery at Mont Park Hospital In 1927 in Melbourne. The discovery of penicillin was a caesura, ending malariotherapy and leading many to regard syphilis as a night-extinct illness, but this turned out to be an illusion. Syphilis is returning in new forms in tandem with the AIDS epidemic. Written-off endlessly by its obituarists, syphilis abides.