gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Frontispiz: Facile Conversion of Red Phosphorus into Soluble Polyphosphide Anions by Reaction with Potassium Ethoxide (2016)

Roter Phosphor In ihrer Zuschrift auf S. 3972 ff. beschreiben M. Shatruk, D. T. McQuade et al. die Aktivierung von rotem Phosphor durch nukleophilen Angriff von KOEt unter Bildung löslicher Polyphosphide. Die Reaktion wurde in einem Fließreaktor hochskaliert. Bild: Kateryna Zavadska.
Research and development of an advanced process for the conversion of coal to synthetic gasoline and other distillate fuels. Quarterly technical progress report No. 11, October-December 1979. [Coal extract and raffinate] (1980)

We conclude from our present work that: (1) continuous liquid extraction of coal liquids is a unique, flexible, and valuable process which can aid in the production of gasoline and other valuable products; (2) continuous liquid extraction of coal liquids can be carried out to produce raffinate and extract product pf predictable nitrogen and oxygen content; (3) extraction of coal liquids primarily removes phenolic material. Extraction of as little as 15 wt % produces a raffinate product which hydrodenitrogenates at a rate about six times faster than non-extracted coal liquids. The data suggest that extraction can result in increased catalyst life, higher selectivity and efficiency and lower hydrorefining temperature; (4) the raffinate product is 80 to 90 wt % aromatic; (5) reaction pressure exerts an unexpectedly great influence on the quality of the product of raffinate hydrorefining; (6) both liquid extraction and hydrotreatment are required to produce a good catalytic cracking stock from coal liquids; (7) hydrorefining of the whole extract product is extraordinarily difficult and deteriorates the catalyst; (8) the data suggest that other uses be made of the extract produce such as feed to hydrogen production or chemical recovery; and (9) residual dimethylformamide (DMF) caused the methane tomore » be produced in extract hydrorefining. 5 figs., 12 tabs.« less
Metal–organic frameworks for applications in remediation of oxyanion/cation-contaminated water (2015)

Highlighting the use of metal–organic frameworks for remediation of oxyanion and oxycation contaminated water.
Effective Treatment of Mouse Sepsis With an Inhibitory Antibody Targeting Integrin αvβ5* (2013)

Our studies suggest that αvβ5 is an important regulator of the vascular endothelial leak response in sepsis and that αvβ5 blockade may provide a novel approach to treating this devastating disease syndrome.
Accelerated two‐dimensional phase‐contrast for cardiovascular MRI using deep learning‐based reconstruction with complex difference estimation (2022)

In a retrospective evaluation, CD-DL produced quantitative measurements of 2D PC-MRI peak velocity and total flow with <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:semantics><mml:mrow><mml:mo>≤</mml:mo> <mml:mn>5</mml:mn> <mml:mi>%</mml:mi></mml:mrow> <mml:annotation>$$ \le 5\% $$</mml:annotation></mml:semantics> </mml:math> error in both accuracy and precision for up to 9 <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:semantics><mml:mrow><mml:mo>×</mml:mo></mml:mrow> <mml:annotation>$$ \times $$</mml:annotation></mml:semantics> </mml:math> acceleration. Clinical feasibility was demonstrated using a prospective clinical deployment of our 8 <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:semantics><mml:mrow><mml:mo>×</mml:mo></mml:mrow> <mml:annotation>$$ \times $$</mml:annotation></mml:semantics> </mml:math> undersampled acquisition and CD-DL reconstruction in a cohort of pediatric patients.
Characterization of <i>dull1</i>, a Maize Gene Coding for a Novel Starch Synthase (1998)

The maize dull1 (du1) gene is a determinant of the structure of endosperm starch, and du1- mutations affect the activity of two enzymes involved in starch biosynthesis, starch synthase II (SSII) and starch branching enzyme IIa (SBEIIa). Six novel du1- mutations generated in Mutator-active plants were identified. A portion of the du1 locus was cloned by transposon tagging, and a nearly full-length Du1 cDNA sequence was determined. Du1 codes for a predicted 1674-residue protein, comprising one portion that is similar to SSIII of potato, as well as a large unique region. Du1 transcripts are present in the endosperm during the time of starch biosynthesis, but the mRNA was undetectable in leaf or root tissue. The predicted size of the Du1 gene product and its expression pattern are consistent with those of maize SSII. The Du1 gene product contains two repeated regions in its unique N terminus. One of these contains a sequence identical to a conserved segment of SBEs. We conclude that Du1 codes for a starch synthase, most likely SSII, and that secondary effects of du1- mutations, such as reduction of SBEIIa, result from the primary deficiency in this starch synthase.
Design Factors Influencing Power Reduction in Thermomechanical In-Plane Microactuators (2007)

The TIM (Thermomechanical In-plane Microactuator) is a thermal actuator that offers a high output force at a low input voltage, in a design that can be easily modified to match force and displacement requirements of various applications. The purpose of this paper is to examine factors that affect the steady-state power requirements of a TIM. Reducing the power requirements of the TIM is critical for its use in some systems such as autonomous microsystems. The influence of several geometric modifications and one environment change on energy loss and actuator efficiency was investigated. The steady-state deflection of five different TIM designs was measured for various levels of input power in both air and vacuum. The extent of the power reduction for the most efficient design in air varied with deflection from about 40 percent at 4 μm deflection to 20 percent at a deflection of 8 μm. The most significant reduction in power was observed for devices tested under vacuum where conduction from the legs through the air to the substrate was minimal due to reduced heat losses at the low pressure.
A microcomputer oximeter for whole blood (1983)

A system is described for measuring the percent of oxyhemoglobin in flowing whole blood. The system consists of an Apple II+ computer, a commercially available analog-to-digital converter, a simple electronic circuit to illuminate blood with light at two appropriate wavelengths, and a short program in BASIC. This oximeter is shown to yield a linear measurement of oxyhemoglobin saturation when compared with standard oxygen analyses. Data can be sampled at a sufficiently rapid rate to yield an essentially continuous measurement in typical cardiovascular studies. The system can be implemented by the average investigator from standard electronic components. The oximeter program can be combined into a general-purpose data acquisition program, and 15 analog-to-digital channels remain available for gathering other data.
Growth Of Diamond-Like Films On Ni Surfaces Using Remote Plasma Enhanced Chemical Vapor Deposition (1989)

Remote plasma enhanced chemical vapor deposition has been used to investigate the nucleation and growth of diamond and diamond-like films on Ni surfaces. The primary results center around hydrogen dilution experiments. Hydrogen dilution when using the polycrystalline Ni substrates tends to reduce the growth rate and increase the electrical resistivity of the films (-107 Ω-cm), it is found that at even higher hydrogen dilutions (greater than 98% H2) the films become semicontinuous with sparse and sometimes no nucleation occurring. These films, like the ones grown at lower hydrogen dilution, do not show a 1332 cm-1 diamond Raman line but show graphitic and disordered carbon features. An attempt to grow heteroepitaxial diamond on Ni(111) surfaces under conditions of high hydrogen dilution (100:1) produced a sample with oriented hillocks which are heteroepitaxially in registration with the substrate. Raman analysis showed lines characteristic of graphite and disordered carbon with an additional line at 1398 cm-1. Transmission electron microscopy produced a diffraction pattern with the lattice spacing and symmetry of epitaxial graphite with some faint polycrystalline rings.
Computer Aided Indexing of Historical Manuscripts (2006)

Arabic manuscripts represent a rich source of knowledge that has been highly underutilized. Huge repositories of historical artifacts are yet to be typeset and published in book-form. Given vast content of these manuscripts, it is important to develop indexing systems that support content-based retrieval from historical manuscripts. In this paper, we propose a computer aided retrieval and indexing system for Arabic historical manuscripts. The proposed system extracts meaningful information (features) that is used in indexing. Some preprocessing steps are also implemented in order to enhance the quality of document images. More than one form of a similarity measure has been tested. The developed prototype system has shown encouraging results with respect to the word matching rates achieved
Human recombinant tissue‐factor pathway inhibitor prevents the proliferation of cultured human neonatal aortic smooth muscle cells (1997)

Tissue-factor pathway inhibitor (TFPI) inhibits the procoagulant activity of the tissue-factor/factor VIIa complex. It was recently reported that TFPI prevented restenosis following tissue injury in a rabbit atherosclerotic model. In order to clarify the mechanism behind this successful prevention of restenosis, we investigated the direct effect of human recombinant TFPI (h-rTFPI) on the proliferation of cultured human neonatal aortic smooth muscle cells (hSMC). We found that h-rTFPI exhibits inhibitory activity toward hSMC proliferation, while h-rTFPI-C which lacks the carboxyl (C)-terminal region does not. Furthermore, we found that h-rTFPI binds to hSMCs with K(d) = 526 nM but that this binding is inhibited by the addition of the synthetic C-terminal peptide, Lys254-Met276, to h-rTFPI. Thus, the interaction of h-rTFPI with hSMCs mediated via the C-terminal region is responsible for the anti-proliferative action of h-rTFPI. On the basis of these results, we presume that the anti-proliferative effect of h-rTFPI in addition to its anticoagulant function plays a significant role in preventing restenosis following tissue injury.
Electrochemical etching amplification of low-let recoil particle tracks in polymers for fast neutron dosimetry (1975)

An electrochemical etching method for the amplification of fast-neutron-induced recoil particle tracks in polymers was investigated. The technique gave superior results over those obtained by conventional etching methods especially when polycarbonate foils were used for recoil particle track amplification. Electrochemical etching systems capable of multi-foil processing were designed and constructed to demonstrate the feasibility of the techniques for large-scale neutron dosimetry. Electrochemical etching parameters were studied including the nature or type of the polymer foil used, foil thickness and its effect on etching time, the applied voltage and its frequency, the chemical composition, concentration, and temperature of the etchant, distance and angle between the electrodes, and the type of particles such as recoil particles including protons. Recoil particle track density, mean track diameter, and optical density as functions of the mentioned parameters were determined. Each parameter was found to have a distinct effect on the etching results in terms of the measured responses. Several new characteristics of this fast neutron dosimetry method were studied especially for personnel dosimetry using various radiation sources such as nuclear reactors, medical cyclotrons, and isotopic neutron sources. The dose range, neutron energy dependence, directional response, fading characteristics, neutron threshold energy, etc. were investigated.
A low cost conformal switched array antenna (2010)

A design concept for a low cost conformal antenna is described. This antenna is particularly well suited to moderate gain applications on mobile platforms that include aircraft, terrestrial vehicles, ships and soldiers. The antenna is comprised of an array of radiating elements conformal to the platform surface where the beam is formed only by switch-selecting a sub- array of elements that point in the desired direction. The antenna is low cost since no phase shifters nor elemental power amplifiers and low noise amplifier modules are utilized in its simplest form. The switched array transmitter enables the use a single power amplifier. Beam steering is performed by selecting the appropriate ensemble of elements with a microwave switch array. Various conformal geometries including domes and saddles are described, and the associated gains and side-lobes are calculated are calculated and shown.
Thiol X Click Foldamers for Polymer Affinity (2016)

Abstract : We have developed approaches towards the goal of producing material on-scale while still enabling selection of the optimal affine compound from the entire chemical space of well over 1012 sequences. Specifically, we have implemented two unique, stand-alone approaches for novel material design and synthesis that both will enable the sequence-specific selection and formation of a high yielding affinity compound in a single step. Broadly, these approaches involve (i) the creation of libraries of smaller, oligomeric species that remain reactive, which, when ligated to a template will arrange in a thermodynamically favorable geometry, external stimuli (light in this instance)will covalently couple the small strands into a strongly binding aptamer, and (ii) the creation of polymers with dynamic, rearrangable backbones which have the capacity, when exposed to a template, to dynamically reconfigure sequence giving access to the entire sequence space associated with random, extended sequences while ideally resulting in high yields of the affine molecules. Both of these approaches are ideally suited for creating affinity compounds for both oligonucleotides and other compounds, but due to their scalability they will certainly have applications in other material pursuits including polymer networks, supramolecular catalysis, and nanomaterials.
In vivo pressure estimation using subharmonic contrast microbubble signals: proof of concept (2005)

Changes in ambient pressure affects the reflectivity of ultrasound contrast microbubbles leading to an excellent correlation between subharmonic signals and hydrostatic pressure. The aortas of two dogs were scanned with an experimental pulse-echo system to validate in vivo pressure estimation based on subharmonic microbubble signals. Results matched well with instantaneous pressure measurements (from 20-60 mmHg) obtained simultaneously with a pressure catheter (root mean square errors <27%).
Multi-Resolution Techniques for Visual Exploration of Large Time-Series Data (2007)

Time series are a data type of utmost importance in many domains such as business management and service monitoring. We address the problem of visualizing large time-related data sets which are difficult to visualize effectively with standard techniques given the limitations of current display devices. We propose a framework for intelligent time- and data-dependent visual aggregation of data along multiple resolution levels. This idea leads to effective visualization support for long time-series data providing both focus and context. The basic idea of the technique is that either data-dependent or application-dependent, display space is allocated in proportion to the degree of interest of data subintervals, thereby (a) guiding the user in perceiving important information, and (b) freeing required display space to visualize all the data. The automatic part of the framework can accommodate any time series analysis algorithm yielding a numeric degree of interest scale. We apply our techniques on real-world data sets, compare it with the standard visualization approach, and conclude the usefulness and scalability of the approach.
Blue-green injection lasers containing pseudomorphic Zn1−<i>x</i>Mg<i>x</i>S<i>y</i>Se1−<i>y</i> cladding layers and operating up to 394 K (1993)

We describe the performance of blue-green injection lasers containing Zn1−xMgxSySe1−y cladding layers. The devices have yielded the lowest reported threshold current densities (500 A/cm2) and the highest reported pulsed output powers (500 mW) at room temperature. Lasing has been observed at temperatures as high as 394 K. The room temperature and 85 K lasing wavelengths are 516 and 496 nm, respectively. The use of Zn1−xMgxSySe1−y, instead of ZnSzSe1−z, cladding layers provides a clear improvement in optical confinement, demonstrated by the widening of the far-field pattern in the direction perpendicular to the layers. The lasers are separate-confinement heterostructures with a ZnS0.06Se0.94 waveguiding region and a single Cd0.2Zn0.8Se strained quantum well. The entire structure is pseudomorphic with the GaAs substrate.
Inductively Coupled Board-to-Board Connectors (2005)

This paper discusses the potential application of inductive coupling elements as backplane connectors. Tradeoffs in the choice of inductive elements are discussed and a simple circuit model for electrically large board-to-board transformers is presented. Measured data for a 10mm outer diameter transformer shows an acceptable eye opening for 400Mbps NRZ data, and over 1GHz of bandwidth in the frequency domain. We also discuss how inductive connectors could find application in future long range FR4 backplanes
ORIGINAL RESEARCH: Analytical validation of an ELISA for measurement of canine pancreas-specific lipase (2010)

Validation data demonstrated that the Spec cPL assay provides reproducible results for canine pancreas-specific lipase. A readily available assay for measurement of this enzyme allows broader clinical utilization of this analytical tool, generating timely results to aid in the diagnosis of canine pancreatitis.
The antigenic relationship of the neuraminidase of Hong Kong virus to that of other human strains of influenza A virus. (1969)

Segregation of the haemagglutinin and neuraminidase antigens of 6 representative influenza A2 viruses and the Hong Kong virus by genetic recombination permitted a precise analysis of the antigenic constitution of each virus. Although cross-reactivity of the Hong Kong influenza virus and all 6 influenza A2 strains was demonstrated, the cross-reactivity was shown to be entirely dependent upon and mediated through the viral neuraminidase and not the haemagglutinin. The neuraminidase of the Hong Kong virus is slightly reactive with the neuraminidase of older A2 strains but is apparently identical to the enzyme of the recent (1967-68) variants.
Synthesis of Phenoxyacyl-Ethanolamides and Their Effects on Fatty Acid Amide Hydrolase Activity (2014)

N-Acylethanolamines (NAEs) are involved in numerous biological activities in plant and animal systems. The metabolism of these lipids by fatty acid amide hydrolase (FAAH) is a key regulatory point in NAE signaling activity. Several active site-directed inhibitors of FAAH have been identified, but few compounds have been described that enhance FAAH activity. Here we synthesized two sets of phenoxyacyl-ethanolamides from natural products, 3-n-pentadecylphenolethanolamide and cardanolethanolamide, with structural similarity to NAEs and characterized their effects on the hydrolytic activity of FAAH. Both compounds increased the apparent Vmax of recombinant FAAH proteins from both plant (Arabidopsis) and mammalian (Rattus) sources. These NAE-like compounds appeared to act by reducing the negative feedback regulation of FAAH activity by free ethanolamine. Both compounds added to seedlings relieved, in part, the negative growth effects of exogenous NAE12:0. Cardanolethanolamide reduced neuronal viability and exacerbated oxidative stress-mediated cell death in primary cultured neurons at nanomolar concentrations. This was reversed by FAAH inhibitors or exogenous NAE substrate. Collectively, our data suggest that these phenoxyacyl-ethanolamides act to enhance the activity of FAAH and may stimulate the turnover of NAEs in vivo. Hence, these compounds might be useful pharmacological tools for manipulating FAAH-mediated regulation of NAE signaling in plants or animals.
Cooperative MIMO for alien noise cancellation in upstream VDSL (2009)

We present cooperative MIMO for alien noise cancellation (CoMAC): a per-tone, blind, low-complexity, linear, and adaptive noise whitening algorithm for alien crosstalk mitigation in upstream vectored VDSL systems. CoMAC directly acts on the residual errors of the vectored users after self-FEXT cancellation and frequency domain equalization, and thus, leverages the inherent alien-crosstalk-induced spatial correlation across users. CoMAC employs a low-complexity recursion scheme derived from the optimal MMSE noise whitener to non-disruptively initialize, engage, and adapt the noise canceller while the vectored users operate in data mode. Assuming reliable transmit symbol estimation at its input, we show that CoMAC achieves the Cramer-Rao lower bound. Further, the SNR improvements accruing from CoMAC can be translated into substantial rate improvements for upstream vectored VDSL.
Induction of Colonic Regulatory T Cells by Indigenous <i>Clostridium</i> Species (2010)

CD4(+) T regulatory cells (T(regs)), which express the Foxp3 transcription factor, play a critical role in the maintenance of immune homeostasis. Here, we show that in mice, T(regs) were most abundant in the colonic mucosa. The spore-forming component of indigenous intestinal microbiota, particularly clusters IV and XIVa of the genus Clostridium, promoted T(reg) cell accumulation. Colonization of mice by a defined mix of Clostridium strains provided an environment rich in transforming growth factor-β and affected Foxp3(+) T(reg) number and function in the colon. Oral inoculation of Clostridium during the early life of conventionally reared mice resulted in resistance to colitis and systemic immunoglobulin E responses in adult mice, suggesting a new therapeutic approach to autoimmunity and allergy.
Isolation, Storage, Pathotype Characterization, and Evaluation of Resistance for <i>Phytophthora sojae</i> in Soybean (2008)

Phytophthora sojae is effectively managed through soybean cultivars with single resistance genes (Rps) and partial resistance inherited quantitatively. There are over 50 described races of Phytophthora sojae, but many more pathotypes have been reported. Many of the isolates recently collected are more complex, causing disease on plants with 3 or more Rps genes. This diagnostic guide provides some standard assays to assist in the identification of virulence types of P. sojae and genetic resistance in soybean. Accepted for publication 4 October 2007. Published 18 January 2008.
Modeling and Control of Timeshared and Scanned Torch Welding (1994)

Optimization of the weld quality and productivity requires in-process identification and simultaneous regulation of several thermal characteristics of the joint. Since in traditional single-torch welding only a few process variables can be modulated in real-time, multiple source configurations are implemented by a rapidly reciprocated (timeshared) GTAW torch to obtain decoupled control of the weld geometry, structure and properties. Further, to widen the range of achievable weld features, a scanning motion of the torch on the entire part surface generates the necessary heat distribution for any specified thermal field in the weld, which is observed through surface temperature measurements. Analytical, numerical, and experimental thermal modeling techniques are employed for the design of multivariable adaptive and distributed-parameter controllers, applied to girth and flange welding simulations, and tested in seam pipe welding experiments, for rejection of process disturbances and for weld quality regulation performance.