gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Design trade-offs of micromachined gyroscope concept allowing interchangeable operation in both robust and precision modes (2009)

This paper presents design trade-offs for a z-axis gyroscope allowing interchangeable operation in either precision or robust modes. This is enabled through a complete 2-DOF sense mode which allows the specification of the peak spacing and degree of coupling independent of frequency. Simulated sense mode frequency responses for various coupling amounts indicate that weakly coupled systems are desirable due to the larger precision mode gain increase (over 20 dB) for atmospheric pressure operation. Experimentally measured sense mode frequency responses for strong and weak coupling confirm the simulation results in air while also revealing that strong coupling is desirable at vacuum due to the increased precision mode gain improvement of over 40 dB while leaving the robust mode relatively unaffected.
Effects of voltage drop on the rise time and light output of incandescent brake lamps on trucks (1994)

This study evaluated the effects of voltage on rise time and light output from incandescent brake lamps for a range of voltages representing realistic values for large trucks. The findings indicate that, relative to nominal voltage of 12.8 V, realistic voltages for large trucks lead to significant increases in rise time and to decreases in light output. At 9 V, for example, 90% of the asymptotic light output is reached about 113 ms later than at 12.8 V, and the asymptotic light output is about 28% of the output at 12.8 V. Analogous comparisons of 6 V with 12.8 V indicate an increase in the rise time to 90% of asymptotic light output of about 316 ms and a decrease in asymptotic light output to about 5%. The changes obtained in rise time and light output of incandescent lamps as a function of voltage are of practical importance because they can be expected to increase following drivers' reaction times to brake signals and to increase the frequency of missed signals.
Preliminary Characterization and Crystal Structure of a Thermostable Cytochrome P450 from Thermus thermophilus (2002)

The second structure of a thermophile cytochrome P450, CYP175A1 from the thermophilic bacterium Thermus thermophilus HB27, has been solved to 1.8-A resolution. The overall P450 structure remains conserved despite the low sequence identity between the various P450s. The CYP175A1 structure lacks the large aromatic network found in the only other thermostable P450, CYP119, thought to contribute to thermal stability. The primary difference between CYP175A1 and its mesophile counterparts is the investment of charged residues into salt-link networks at the expense of single charge-charge interactions. Additional factors involved in the thermal stability increase are a decrease in the overall size, especially shortening of loops and connecting regions, and a decrease in the number of labile residues such as Asn, Gln, and Cys.
Application of Linear-Phase Digital Crossover Filters to Pair-Wise Symmetric Multi-Way Loudspeakers Part 1: Control of Off-Axis Frequency Response (2007)

Various methods exist for crossing over multi-way loudspeaker systems. These methods include those loosely classified as Linkwitz-Riley filters, constant-voltage filters, and D’Appolito configurations. All these methods do not provide broad-band constant-beamwidth or constant-directivity operation because their vertical radiation patterns change shape as a function of frequency. This paper describes a simple, non-iterative linear-phase crossover filter design technique that provides uniform frequency responses vertically off-axis for a given multi-way loudspeaker. Distances between the individual drivers, and desired off-axis attenuation are prescribed as input parameters for the design process, the outcome of which is a set of crossover frequencies and unique filter frequency responses in each band. In order to obtain wide-band constant-beamwidth, a loudspeaker array configuration composed of a single central tweeter surrounded symmetrically by pairs of lower-operating-frequency transducers arranged in a vertical line is required. Practical implementation issues are outlined in the paper by means of various design examples. Two design methods are presented in in two-parts: Part 1: a general method which emphasizes flatness of arbitrary off-axis frequency responses and Part 2: a simplified method that emphasizes frequency uniformity of beam shape and coverage angle (vertical beamwidth) of the polar patterns.
Robust motion mode recognition for portable navigation independent on device usage (2014)

Portable navigation has become increasingly prevalent in daily activities. The need for accurate user positioning information, including a person's location and velocity, when using a portable device (such as a cell phone, tablet, or even a smart watch) is growing in various fields. Knowing the user's mode of motion or conveyance allows appropriate algorithms or constraints, related to each mode, to be used to estimate a more accurate position and velocity. The modes covered in this paper are walking, running, cycling, and land-based vessels (including vehicles, truck, buses, and trains which include light rail trains and subways). The work discussed in this paper involves the use of sensors - with and without Global Navigation Satellite Systems (GNSS) signal availability - in portable devices to help recognize the mode of motion for an arbitrary user, an arbitrary use case - whether the device is held in the hand, in the pocket, or at the ear, etc. - and an arbitrary orientation of the device.
Relay-Coded Multi-User Cooperative Communications for Uplink LTE-Advanced 4G Systems (2009)

A technical consensus for future LTE-advanced 4G systems is the adoption of relay stations (RS) for better link performance. While study in relay systems is often carried out for individual users independently, in this paper, we present a new design termed as relay-based multi-user cooperative communication specifically for the uplink of 4G systems. In this system, data streams from multiple users are coded at the relay with simple "addition" operations in the finite field. These coded data, instead of original data, will be forwarded by the RS to the base station (BS). A type of coding matrices with requirements of full rank and maximum information spreading is employed. With spreading information of one user to multiple data streams, the cooperative communication can be carried out for multiple users simultaneously, using a turbo decoding process that alternates decoding between a multi-user decoder and a number of singleuser decoders. Experiments have demonstrated significant gains compared with a reference relay system where each user is processed individually.
Homonuclear J-Coupling Spectroscopy at Low Magnetic Fields using\n Spin-Lock Induced Crossing (2021)

Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy usually requires high magnetic\nfields to create spectral resolution among different proton species. At low\nfields, chemical shift dispersion is insufficient to separate the species, and\nthe spectrum exhibits just a single line. In this work, we demonstrate that\nspectra can nevertheless be acquired at low field using a novel pulse sequence\ncalled spin-lock induced crossing (SLIC). This probes energy level crossings\ninduced by a weak spin-locking pulse and produces a unique J-coupling spectrum\nfor most organic molecules. Unlike other forms of low-field J-coupling\nspectroscopy, our technique does not require the presence of heteronuclei and\ncan be used for most compounds in their native state. We performed SLIC\nspectroscopy on a number of small molecules at 276 kHz and 20.8 MHZ, and we\nshow that SLIC spectra can be simulated in good agreement with measurements.\n
Robust Flash Calculation Algorithm for Microemulsion Phase Behavior (2016)

Abstract The HLD‐NAC model was recently modified to match and predict microemulsion phase behavior experimental data for Winsor type III regions. Until now, the HLD‐NAC model could not generate realistic phase behavior for type II− and type II+ two‐phase regions, leading to significant saturation and composition discontinuities when catastrophe theory is applied. These discontinuities lead to significant failures in modeling surfactant applications. We modify the HLD‐NAC equations to ensure consistency over the entire composition space including type II− and II+ regions. A robust and efficient algorithm is developed that always converges and provides continuous estimates with any formation variable of tie lines and triangles for all Winsor types. Discontinuities are eliminated and limiting tie lines near critical points are determined analytically. The tuning procedure is demonstrated using several sets of experimental data. Excellent predictability of tie lines and tie triangles, and solubilization ratios are shown.
Ideal sequence design in time-frequency space : applications to radar, sonar, and communication systems (2009)

This book develops theory and algorithms leading to systematic waveform design in time-frequency space. The key tool employed in the work is the Zak transform. Topics and features include a rigorous mathematical development of the theory, illustrated by many examples.
A gardian of gut epithelial barrier from inflammation: the elastase inhibitor ELAFIN (2020)

In the gastrointestinal tract (GIT), proteolytic activity is tightly regulated to prevent inappropriate and potentially harmful proteolysis. In IBD this regulation is broken and our recent work has demonstrated that elastolytic activity is significantly increased in colonic epithelium from IBD patients. We have shown that the expression of the only elastase released by epithelial cells, ELA2 is up‐regulated; and the selective elastase inhibitor ELAFIN is severely down regulated in colonic epithelium from IBD patients. We showed that oral treatments with ELAFIN‐expressing L. Lactis bacteria restored proteolytic balance in the inflamed gut and was protective against acute and chronic colitis. ELAFIN is a low‐molecular weight molecule (10‐kDa), which specifically inhibits elastases. At N‐terminal terminus, a cationic helix showed anti‐microbial activities and could interact with phospholipids. Moreover ELAFIN is also able to inhibit NFkB and AP‐1 activation but this domain is not localized on protein. Therefore, several mechanisms of action are thus possible to explain ELAFIN’s protective property. Objectives If ELAFIN‐recombinant L. lactis has to be considered as a possible treatment for IBD in human, there is an absolute need to define the mechanisms by which ELAFIN delivery protects against intestinal inflammation. Methods We generated and expressed in LAB ELAFIN’s mutants allowing investigation the biological properties of ELAFIN individually. These different forms of ELAFIN‐recombinant LAB were co‐culture with thapsigargin (10mg/ml) and ELAFIN (10 7 CFU/well). After 6H, cells were additionally exposed to gentamicin (100 mg/ml) to limit bacterial development. The barrier function was measured using FITC‐dextran passage through the epithelial layer. The elastolytic activity and CXCL8 release were quantified from the culture media. Expression of inflammatory mediators was quantified by qPCR. Results Addition of thapsigargin for 24H on Caco2 cells induced ER‐stress and disruption of elastolytic balance. ELAFIN expression was decreased with up‐regulation of ELA2, leading to increase of elastolytic activity in medium, disclosed in IBD patients. Concomitantly, barrier function was reduced, and expression of CXCL8, CXCL10 and hBD2 was increased. Co‐culture with ELAFIN expressing‐LAB normalized all these parameters confirming anti‐inflammatory properties of ELAFIN. Neutralization of a‐helix (mutant K44D/K50G) did not modify ELAFIN’s properties. However, disruption of protease inhibitory function (mutant A62G/M63G) led to unability of ELAFIN mutant to modify permeability and inflammatory phenotype induced by exposure of intestinal epithelial cells to thapsigagin. Conclusion This suggests that anti‐inflammatory activity of ELAFIN is based on the control of elastase activity released by epithelial cells.
Accurate Identification of Unknown and Known Metabolic Mixture Components by Combining 3D NMR with Fourier Transform Ion Cyclotron Resonance Tandem Mass Spectrometry (2017)

Metabolite identification in metabolomics samples is a key step that critically impacts downstream analysis. We recently introduced the SUMMIT NMR/mass spectrometry (MS) hybrid approach for the identification of the molecular structure of unknown metabolites based on the combination of NMR, MS, and combinatorial cheminformatics. Here, we demonstrate the feasibility of the approach for an untargeted analysis of both a model mixture and E. coli cell lysate based on 2D/3D NMR experiments in combination with Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance MS and MS/MS data. For 19 of the 25 model metabolites, SUMMIT yielded complete structures that matched those in the mixture independent of database information. Of those, seven top-ranked structures matched those in the mixture, and four of those were further validated by positive ion MS/MS. For five metabolites, not part of the 19 metabolites, correct molecular structural motifs could be identified. For E. coli, SUMMIT MS/NMR identified 20 previously known metabolites with three or more <sup>1</sup>H spins independent of database information. Moreover, for 15 unknown metabolites, molecular structural fragments were determined consistent with their spin systems and chemical shifts. By providing structural information for entire metabolites or molecular fragments, SUMMIT MS/NMR greatly assists the targeted or untargeted analysis of complex mixtures of unknown compounds.
The product of ORF O located within the domain of herpes simplex virus 1 genome transcribed during latent infection binds to and inhibits <i>in vitro</i> binding of infected cell protein 4 to its cognate DNA site (1997)

The partially overlapping ORF P and ORF O are located within the domains of the herpes simplex virus 1 genome transcribed during latency. Earlier studies have shown that ORF P is repressed by infected cell protein 4 (ICP4), the major viral regulatory protein, binding to its cognate site at the transcription initiation site of ORF P. The ORF P protein binds to p32, a component of the ASF/SF2 alternate splicing factors; in cells infected with a recombinant virus in which ORF P was derepressed there was a significant decrease in the expression of products of key regulatory genes containing introns. We report that (i) the expression of ORF O is repressed during productive infection by the same mechanism as that determining the expression of ORF P; (ii) in cells infected at the nonpermissive temperature for ICP4, ORF O protein is made in significantly lower amounts than the ORF P protein; (iii) the results of insertion of a sequence encoding 20 amino acids between the putative initiator methionine codons of ORF O and ORF P suggest that ORF O initiates at the methionine codon of ORF P and that the synthesis of ORF O results from frameshift or editing of its RNA; and (iv) glutathione S-transferase-ORF O fusion protein bound specifically ICP4 and precluded its binding to its cognate site on DNA in vitro. These and earlier results indicate that ORF P and ORF O together have the capacity to reduce the synthesis or block the expression of regulatory proteins essential for viral replication in productive infection.
Death following traumatic brain injury in Drosophila is associated with intestinal barrier dysfunction (2015)

Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a major cause of death and disability worldwide. Unfavorable TBI outcomes result from primary mechanical injuries to the brain and ensuing secondary non-mechanical injuries that are not limited to the brain. Our genome-wide association study of Drosophila melanogaster revealed that the probability of death following TBI is associated with single nucleotide polymorphisms in genes involved in tissue barrier function and glucose homeostasis. We found that TBI causes intestinal and blood-brain barrier dysfunction and that intestinal barrier dysfunction is highly correlated with the probability of death. Furthermore, we found that ingestion of glucose after a primary injury increases the probability of death through a secondary injury mechanism that exacerbates intestinal barrier dysfunction. Our results indicate that natural variation in the probability of death following TBI is due in part to genetic differences that affect intestinal barrier dysfunction.
MicroSMD-a wafer level chip scale package (2000)

This paper outlines National Semiconductor's concept of wafer level chip scale package-also known as microSMD. This new packaging technology has been demonstrated using an 8 I/O package with 0.5 mm bump pitch, and is ideally tailored for low pin count analog and wireless devices. Product extensions to higher pin count (up to 48) are under various stages of qualification. The package construction, process flow, and package reliability are described, together with board level assembly processes and interconnect reliability.
Exergy Analysis of Concentrated Solar Power Plants with Thermochemical Energy Storage Based on Calcium Looping (2020)

It is important and urgent to overcome the intermittent nature of solar energy as a green substitute for fossil-based electricity. Concentrated solar power plants with thermochemical energy storage are considered as a potential option for cost-effective electricity generation and dispatchability. This study aims to propose a novel concentrated solar power plant that uses thermochemical energy storage based on calcium looping with a flexible operation sequence to eliminate the dependence of power generation on the carbonation reaction under sunshine. The flexible operation involves two successive phases: energy charging in the sunshine mode and discharging in the night mode. A comprehensive exergy analysis was used to characterize the system performance based on its storage and power efficiencies. The results, which demonstrated a global storage exergy efficiency of more than 37% and a global power efficiency of around 48%, are comparable to those of the state-of-the-art systems. Moreover, it was also observed that the highest exergy loss is caused by the compressor and cooling process under the sunshine and night modes, respectively. In addition, a sensitivity analysis was performed to examine the thermodynamic laws of our system. The results indicated a technical contradiction between the storage and power efficiencies (net power) under sunshine mode, while no such contradiction was observed under night mode. Overall, the main contribution of this study is the design of a novel system with competitive performance, which is expected to serve as a useful guideline for the future development of efficient and flexible concentrated solar power plants.
Heterotricyclic Himbacine Analogs as Potent, Orally Active Thrombin Receptor (Protease Activated Receptor-1) Antagonists (2007)

Pursuing our earlier efforts in the himbacine-based thrombin receptor antagonist area, we have synthesized a series of compounds that incorporate heteroatoms in the C-ring of the tricyclic motif. This effort has resulted in the identification of several potent heterocyclic analogs with excellent affinity for the thrombin receptor. Several of these compounds demonstrated robust inhibition of platelet aggregation in an ex vivo model in cynomolgus monkeys following oral administration. A detailed profile of 28b, a benchmark compound in this series, with a Ki of 4.3 nM, is presented.
Direct Fabrication of Composite and Ceramic Hollow Nanofibers by Electrospinning (2004)

Hollow nanofibers with walls made of inorganic/polymer composites or ceramics have been prepared by electrospinning two immiscible liquids through a coaxial, two-capillary spinneret, followed by selective removal of the cores. The capability and feasibility of this technique have been demonstrated by the fabrication of titania/polymer or anatase nanotubes whose size and wall thickness could be independently varied by controlling a set of experimental parameters. The presence of a sol−gel precursor in the sheath liquid was necessary for the formation of stable, coaxial jets and hollow fibers with robust walls. The circular cross-section, uniform size, and well-controlled orientation of these long hollow nanofibers are particularly attractive for use in fabricating fluidic devices and optical waveguides.
Highly Efficient Broadband Yellow Phosphor Based on Zero-Dimensional Tin Mixed-Halide Perovskite (2017)

Organic-inorganic hybrid metal halide perovskites have emerged as a highly promising class of light emitters, which can be used as phosphors for optically pumped white light-emitting diodes (WLEDs). By controlling the structural dimensionality, metal halide perovskites can exhibit tunable narrow and broadband emissions from the free-exciton and self-trapped excited states, respectively. Here, we report a highly efficient broadband yellow light emitter based on zero-dimensional tin mixed-halide perovskite (C<sub>4</sub>N<sub>2</sub>H<sub>14</sub>Br)<sub>4</sub>SnBr<sub>x</sub>I<sub>6-x</sub> (x = 3). This rare-earth-free ionically bonded crystalline material possesses a perfect host-dopant structure, in which the light-emitting metal halide species (SnBr<sub>x</sub>I<sub>6-x</sub><sup>4-</sup>, x = 3) are completely isolated from each other and embedded in the wide band gap organic matrix composed of C<sub>4</sub>N<sub>2</sub>H<sub>14</sub>Br<sup>-</sup>. The strongly Stokes-shifted broadband yellow emission that peaked at 582 nm from this phosphor, which is a result of excited state structural reorganization, has an extremely large full width at half-maximum of 126 nm and a high photoluminescence quantum efficiency of ∼85% at room temperature. UV-pumped WLEDs fabricated using this yellow emitter together with a commercial europium-doped barium magnesium aluminate blue phosphor (BaMgAl<sub>10</sub>O<sub>17</sub>:Eu<sup>2+</sup>) can exhibit high color rendering indexes of up to 85.
Application of Multivariate Statistical Analysis to STEM X-ray Spectral Images: Interfacial Analysis in Microelectronics (2006)

Multivariate statistical analysis methods have been applied to scanning transmission electron microscopy (STEM) energy-dispersive X-ray spectral images. The particular application of the multivariate curve resolution (MCR) technique provides a high spectral contrast view of the raw spectral image. The power of this approach is demonstrated with a microelectronics failure analysis. Specifically, an unexpected component describing a chemical contaminant was found, as well as a component consistent with a foil thickness change associated with the focused ion beam specimen preparation process. The MCR solution is compared with a conventional analysis of the same spectral image data set.