gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Multidimensional Vibrational Circular Dichroism Apparatus Equipped with Quantum Cascade Laser and Its Use for Investigating Some Peptide Systems Containing <scp>d</scp>-Amino Acids (2021)

We developed a multidimensional vibrational circular dichroism system with a positional coordinate, making it possible to move in both <i>x</i>- and <i>y</i>-directions using an automatic stage. Quantum cascade laser (QCL) was used as a light source to achieve high intensity and narrow focusing. The QCL emitted light in the wavenumber range of 1500-1740 cm<sup>-1</sup>, which encompassed absorption bands assigned to the stretching vibrations of amides I and II. The operation of the instrument was analyzed for samples containing amide groups. An aqueous solution of Gly-l-Leu or Gly-d-Leu was measured under the background absorbance as high as 3.5 due to the water medium. The spectra were recorded by scanning at 1.0 cm<sup>-1</sup> steps. The time required for performing measurement at each wavenumber was less than 1 s. The mirror-image relation was maintained between the optical antipodes. A peak assigned to amide II appeared clearly at around 1580 cm<sup>-1</sup>. In the case of KBr pellets containing the same compounds, peaks assigned to amide I and II were observed. For two-dimensional pattering, a KBr pellet comprising two domains of amino acids (or l-Ala and d-Ser) was investigated. The distribution of each component within the pellet was obtained under the two-dimensional alignment at the spatial interval of 2.5 mm.
Percutaneous Balloon Aortic Valvuloplasty Revisited (2007)

located on the World Wide Web at: The online version of this article, along with updated information and services, is
Transport protocols over wireless links (2002)

Future networking environments are expected to be hybrid, i.e., consisting of both wireless and fixed subnetworks. Due to the presence of the wireless link, the performance of end-to-end protocols (e.g., TCP) suffers degradation. One approach to overcome this performance penalty is to subdivide the end-to-end transport layer connection into two separate ones. This approach leads to performance improvements without loss of interoperability with existing networking structures. The focus of this paper is on error recovery mechanisms suitable for the transport protocol operating over the wireless subpath. These mechanisms have to address the increased bit error probability and temporary disruptions of wireless links. The efficiency of different error correction mechanisms within wireless scenarios is investigated and possible modifications that lead to higher performance are pointed out. Mobile communications are discussed in particular.
Application of white LED lighting to energy-saving-type street lamps (2001)

We describe the lighting characteristics and systems of the power energy-saving type street lamp which consists of white light-emitting diodes (LEDs), and a solar-cell and battery system. The prototype street lamp has been constructed by two LED light sources, each of which includes a total of 700 units of 10 cd-class white LEDs. The white LED lighting system is mainly divided into three components which are the control, the electric-power supply and LED lighting divisions. The illuminance is normally 80 lx. When a person approaches within 2 m near the lamp, the body sensor catches the situation. The illuminance then increases to about 660 lx, which is about 50 times brighter than that of a white incandescent lamp. The color rendering index is estimated to be 85 which is similar to that of three color fluorescent tube. The illuminance distribution can be analyzed by our recently developed 'multi sources of LED light' theory.
Nitric Oxide Donors Stimulate Bile Flow and Glutathione Disulfide Excretion Independent of Guanosine 3′,5′–Cyclic Monophosphate in the Isolated Perfused Rat Liver (1997)

Nitric oxide (NO) modulates several metabolic functions in hepatocytes, but the role of NO in bile secretion has not been clearly defined. In the present study, we examined the effects of NO on bile flow and biliary HC03- and glutathione excretion in the isolated perfused rat liver and assessed the role of guanosine 3',5'-cyclic monophosphate (cGMP) in mediating these effects. The NO donors sodium nitroprusside (SNP) and S-nitroso-acetyl-penicillamine stimulated bile flow and increased both HCO3- and glutathione excretion. Increases in bile flow were linearly related to increases in biliary glutathione concentration and output (P < .0001), which were almost entirely caused by glutathione disulfide, whereas the excretion of reduced glutathione remained unchanged. NO donors increased cGMP concentrations in bile and perfusate, and the membrane-permeant cGMP analogue dibutyryl cGMP was also found to stimulate bile flow and HCO3- excretion. However, in contrast to the NO donors, dibutyryl cGMP did not increase glutathione excretion. Furthermore, the NO donors failed to stimulate bile flow in mutant TR- rats in which the canalicular transport of glutathione and glutathione conjugates is deficient, although dibutyryl cGMP increased bile flow and HCO3- excretion in the mutant rats as in normals. These findings indicate that exogenous sources of NO increase bile acid-independent bile flow by stimulating glutathione disulfide excretion, effects that are independent of cGMP.
Interindividual Variability in Human Drug Metabolism (2001)

The book provides an exhaustive, authoritative and updated review on the interindividual variability in drug metabolism in humans. Four chapters address the general background: genetic factors causing variability, interethnic variability, environmental factors and developing and ageing as sources of variability. Six chapters address variability of
Nitrite Reductase Activity of Hemoglobin S (Sickle) Provides Insight into Contributions of Heme Redox Potential Versus Ligand Affinity (2007)

Hemoglobin A (HbA) is an allosterically regulated nitrite reductase that reduces nitrite to NO under physiological hypoxia. The efficiency of this reaction is modulated by two intrinsic and opposing properties: availability of unliganded ferrous hemes and R-state character of the hemoglobin tetramer. Nitrite is reduced by deoxygenated ferrous hemes, such that heme deoxygenation increases the rate of NO generation. However, heme reactivity with nitrite, represented by its bimolecular rate constant, is greatest when the tetramer is in the R quaternary state. The mechanism underlying the higher reactivity of R-state hemes remains elusive. It can be due to the lower heme redox potential of R-state ferrous hemes or could reflect the high ligand affinity geometry of R-state tetramers that facilitates nitrite binding. We evaluated the nitrite reductase activity of unpolymerized sickle hemoglobin (HbS), whose oxygen affinity and cooperativity profile are equal to those of HbA, but whose heme iron has a lower redox potential. We now report that HbS exhibits allosteric nitrite reductase activity with competing proton and redox Bohr effects. In addition, we found that solution phase HbS reduces nitrite to NO significantly faster than HbA, supporting the thesis that heme electronics (i.e. redox potential) contributes to the high reactivity of R-state deoxy-hemes with nitrite. From a pathophysiological standpoint, under conditions where HbS polymers form, the rate of nitrite reduction is reduced compared with HbA and solution-phase HbS, indicating that HbS polymers reduce nitrite more slowly.
Sorbitol and Gluconate Production in a Hollow Fibre Membrane Reactor by Immobilized <i>Zymomonas Mobilis</i> (1988)

This study describes the results of a hollow fibre membrane reactor with immobilized treated cells of Zymomonas mobilis which produced sorbitol and gluconic acid continuously from fructose and glucose respectively. A productivity of 10–20 g sorbitol · L-1 · h-1 and 10–20 gluconate · L-1 · h-1 (based on total bioreactor volume) from a feed of 100 g · L-1 each of glucose and fructose was possible at high dilution rates. Kinetic parameters describing the reaction rate of treated cells in batch reactors were used to analyse the performance of the hollow fibre membrane reactor employing significant convective mass transfer. No significant mass transfer limitation was apparent.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Aminoquinolone Derivatives. (1987)

Abstract 3‐Chloro‐4‐fluoroaniline hydrochloride (I) is transformed into the fluorochloroanthranilic acid (VII) which is cyclized with the nitroacetaldoxime (VIII), yielding the nitroquinolone (X).
Wild Malaysian Cynomolgus Monkeys are Exposed to Hepatitis a Virus (1984)

Serum samples were obtained within 3 days of capture from 106 cynomolgus monkeys (Macaca fascicularis) in peninsular Malaysia. Fifty-two monkeys were trapped on the fringes of palm oil estates and 54 in dense primary jungle. Sera were tested for antibodies to hepatitis A virus (HAV) with a commercial radioimmunoassay. Twenty-four animals had detectable serum anti-HAV activity (6 of 52 from palm oil estate sites and 18 of 54 from primary jungle sites). Among monkeys at both sites, antibody prevalence was strongly correlated with animal weight: overall only four of 69 monkeys (6%) weighing less than 2.0 kg had serum anti-HAV antibodies, while 14 of 29 (48%) weighing 2.0 to 3.9 kg, and 6 of 8 (75%) weighing 4.0 kg or more, had serum anti-HAV antibodies. These data suggest that wild cynomolgus monkeys in Malaysian jungles become infected with HAV or an HAV-like virus at a rate comparable to that of humans in the same region, and raise the possibility of a sylvatic cycle for HAV.
DCSLAM: A dynamically constrained real-time slam (2015)

We propose a new real-time CSLAM algorithm (Constrained Simultaneous Localization And Mapping), named DCSLAM (dynamically constrained SLAM), designed to dynamically adapt each optimization to the variable number of parameters families and heterogeneous constraints. An automatic method is used to generate, from an exhaustive list of constraints, a dedicated optimization algorithm. This is, to our knowledge, the only implementation that combines flexibility and performance. The proposed experiments show the effectiveness of our approach in terms of accuracy and execution time compared to the state of the art on several public benchmarks of varying complexity. An augmented reality application mixing heterogeneous objects and constraints is also available.
Data as a Lens for Understanding what Constitutes Credibility in Asylum Decision-making (2022)

In asylum decision-making, legal authorities rely on the criterion "credibility" as a measure for determining whether an individual has a legitimate asylum claim; that is, whether they have a well-founded fear of persecution upon returning to their country of origin. Nation states, international institutions, and NGOs increasingly seek to leverage data-driven technologies to support such decisions, deploying processes of data cleaning, contestation, and interpretation. We qualitatively analyzed 50 asylum cases to understand how the asylum decision-making process in Denmark leverages data to configure individuals as credible (or not). In this context, data can vary from the applicant's testimony to data acquired on the applicant from registers and alphanumerical data. Our findings suggest that legal authorities assess credibility through a largely discretionary practice, establishing certainty by ruling out divergence or contradiction between the different forms of data and documentation involved in an asylum case. As with other reclassification processes [following Bowker and Star 1999], credibility is an ambiguous prototypical concept for decision-makers to attempt certainty, especially important to consider in the design of data-driven technologies where stakeholders have differential power.
Eulerian Contact for Versatile Collision Processing (2007)

We propose a new approach for collision modeling in physically based animation. Contrary to most current approaches, our method can be used with all physical models rather than any specific class. At each time step, the geometry of the bodies is mapped to a sparse regular Eulerian grid. Each grid point carries a mass, a velocity and a spatial density. This grid acts as a common mechanical layer where detection, modeling and reaction to collision take place, without any assumption about the internal dynamics of the bodies in contact. Mappings are then used to propagate penalty- and constraint-based reactions back to the bodies. We show that mappings can be easily set up for the most commonly used physical models. Our approach greatly simplifies the implementation of collision modeling since we only have to consider each body's individual mapping to the Eulerian grid, rather than numerous model pair-specific methods. Moreover, it allows us to design and reuse efficient collision response strategies independently of the physical models. We demonstrate our method with a variety of models including rigid bodies, deformable solids and fluids.
A Deep Learning Approach to Block-based Compressed Sensing of Images (2016)

Compressed sensing (CS) is a signal processing framework for efficiently reconstructing a signal from a small number of measurements, obtained by linear projections of the signal. Block-based CS is a lightweight CS approach that is mostly suitable for processing very high-dimensional images and videos: it operates on local patches, employs a low-complexity reconstruction operator and requires significantly less memory to store the sensing matrix. In this paper we present a deep learning approach for block-based CS, in which a fully-connected network performs both the block-based linear sensing and non-linear reconstruction stages. During the training phase, the sensing matrix and the non-linear reconstruction operator are \emph{jointly} optimized, and the proposed approach outperforms state-of-the-art both in terms of reconstruction quality and computation time. For example, at a 25% sensing rate the average PSNR advantage is 0.77dB and computation time is over 200-times faster.
Parsimonious Charge Deconvolution for Native Mass Spectrometry (2018)

Charge deconvolution infers the mass from mass over charge (m/z) measurements in electrospray ionization mass spectra. When applied over a wide input m/z or broad target mass range, charge-deconvolution algorithms can produce artifacts, such as false masses at one-half or one-third of the correct mass. Indeed, a maximum entropy term in the objective function of MaxEnt, the most commonly used charge deconvolution algorithm, favors a deconvolved spectrum with many peaks over one with fewer peaks. Here we describe a new "parsimonious" charge deconvolution algorithm that produces fewer artifacts. The algorithm is especially well-suited to high-resolution native mass spectrometry of intact glycoproteins and protein complexes. Deconvolution of native mass spectra poses special challenges due to salt and small molecule adducts, multimers, wide mass ranges, and fewer and lower charge states. We demonstrate the performance of the new deconvolution algorithm on a range of samples. On the heavily glycosylated plasma properdin glycoprotein, the new algorithm could deconvolve monomer and dimer simultaneously and, when focused on the m/z range of the monomer, gave accurate and interpretable masses for glycoforms that had previously been analyzed manually using m/z peaks rather than deconvolved masses. On therapeutic antibodies, the new algorithm facilitated the analysis of extensions, truncations, and Fab glycosylation. The algorithm facilitates the use of native mass spectrometry for the qualitative and quantitative analysis of protein and protein assemblies.
Laminin and fibronectin scaffolds enhance neural stem cell transplantation into the injured brain (2009)

Cell transplantation offers the potential to treat central nervous system injuries, largely because multiple mechanisms can be targeted in a sustained fashion. It is crucial that cells are transplanted into an environment that is favourable for extended survival and integration within the host tissue. Given the success of using fetal tissue grafts for traumatic brain injury, it may be beneficial to mimic key aspects of these grafts (e.g. three-dimensionality, cell-cell and cell-matrix support) to deliver cells. Extracellular matrix proteins such as fibronectin and laminin are involved in neural development and may provide adhesive support for donor cells and mediate subsequent cell signalling events. In this study, neural stem cells were transplanted into the traumatically injured mouse brain within a tissue-engineered construct containing either a laminin- or fibronectin-based scaffold. Cells delivered within the scaffolds were more widely distributed in the injured brain compared to cells delivered in media alone. There were no differences in donor cell survival at 1 week post-transplant; however, by 8 weeks post-transplant, cells delivered within the scaffolds showed improved survival compared to those transplanted in media alone. Survival was more enhanced with the laminin-based scaffold compared to the fibronectin-based scaffold. Furthermore, behavioural analyses indicated that mice receiving neural stem cells within the laminin-based scaffold performed significantly better than untreated mice on a spatial learning task, supporting the notion that functional recovery correlates positively with donor cell survival. Together these results suggest that the use of appropriate extracellular matrix-based scaffolds can be exploited to improve cell transplantation therapy.
Identification & Characterization of lactobacillus salavarius bacteriocins and its relevance in cancer therapeutics (2012)

P53 - Protein 53, Rb1 - Retinoblastoma 1, AR - Androgen Receptor, Lsl - Lactobacillus salavarius.
Quantification and identification of sperm subpopulations using computer-aided sperm analysis and species-specific cut-off values for swimming speed (2013)

Motility is an essential characteristic of all flagellated spermatozoa and assessment of this parameter is one criterion for most semen or sperm evaluations. Computer-aided sperm analysis (CASA) can be used to measure sperm motility more objectively and accurately than manual methods, provided that analysis techniques are standardized. Previous studies have shown that evaluation of sperm subpopulations is more important than analyzing the total motile sperm population alone. We developed a quantitative method to determine cut-off values for swimming speed to identify three sperm subpopulations. We used the Sperm Class Analyzer(®) (SCA) CASA system to assess the total percentage of motile spermatozoa in a sperm preparation as well as the percentages of rapid, medium and slow swimming spermatozoa for six mammalian species. Curvilinear velocity (VCL) cut-off values were adjusted manually for each species to include 80% rapid, 15% medium and 5% slow swimming spermatozoa. Our results indicate that the same VCL intervals cannot be used for all species to classify spermatozoa according to swimming speed. After VCL intervals were adjusted for each species, three unique sperm subpopulations could be identified. The effects of medical treatments on sperm motility become apparent in changes in the distribution of spermatozoa among the three swimming speed classes.
Mapping Heat Origin in Plasmonic Structures (2010)

We investigate the physics of photoinduced heat generation in plasmonic structures by using a novel thermal microscopy technique based on molecular fluorescence polarization anisotropy. This technique enables us to image the heat source distribution in light-absorbing systems such as plasmonic nanostructures. While the temperature distribution in plasmonic nanostructures is always fairly uniform because of the fast thermal diffusion in metals, we show that the heat source density is much more contrasted. Unexpectedly the heat origin (thermal hot spots) usually does not correspond to the optical hot spots of the plasmon mode. Numerical simulations based on the Green dyadic method confirm our observations and enable us to derive the general physical rules governing heat generation in plasmonic structures.
Using data mining to improve building life cycle (2004)

The building life cycle process is complex and prone to fragmentation as it moves through its various stages. The number of participants, and the diversity, specialisation and isolation both in space and time of their activities, have dramatically increased over time. The data generated within the construction industry has become increasingly overwhelming. Most currently available computer tools for the building industry have offered productivity improvement in the transmission of graphical drawings and textual specifications, without addressing more fundamental changes in building life cycle management. Facility managers and building owners are primarily concerned with highlighting areas of existing or potential maintenance problems in order to be able to improve the building performance, satisfying occupants and minimising turnover especially the operational cost of maintenance. In doing so, they collect large amounts of data that is stored in the building’s maintenance database. The work described in this paper is targeted at adding value to the design and maintenance of buildings by turning maintenance data into information and knowledge. Data mining technology presents an opportunity to increase significantly the rate at which the volumes of data generated through the maintenance process can be turned into useful information. This can be done using classification algorithms to discover patterns and correlations within a large volume of data. This paper presents how and what data mining techniques can be applied on maintenance data of buildings to identify the impediments to better performance of building assets. It demonstrates what sorts of knowledge can be found in maintenance records. The benefits to the construction industry lie in turning passive data in databases into knowledge that can improve the efficiency of the maintenance process and of future designs that incorporate that maintenance knowledge.
Paraffin-based 6-gene model predicts outcome in diffuse large B-cell lymphoma patients treated with R-CHOP (2008)

Diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) is a heterogeneous disease characterized by variable clinical outcomes. Outcome prediction at the time of diagnosis is of paramount importance. Previously, we constructed a 6-gene model for outcome prediction of DLBCL patients treated with anthracycline-based chemotherapies. However, the standard therapy has evolved into rituximab, cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin, vincristine and prednisone (R-CHOP). Herein, we evaluated the predictive power of a paraffin-based 6-gene model in R-CHOP-treated DLBCL patients. RNA was successfully extracted from 132 formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded (FFPE) specimens. Expression of the 6 genes comprising the model was measured and the mortality predictor score was calculated for each patient. The mortality predictor score divided patients into low-risk (below median) and high-risk (above median) subgroups with significantly different overall survival (OS; P = .002) and progression-free survival (PFS; P = .038). The model also predicted OS and PFS when the mortality predictor score was considered as a continuous variable (P = .002 and .010, respectively) and was independent of the IPI for prediction of OS (P = .008). These findings demonstrate that the prognostic value of the 6-gene model remains significant in the era of R-CHOP treatment and that the model can be applied to routine FFPE tissue from initial diagnostic biopsies.