gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Performance Comparision of Internal and External Rotor Structured Wind Generators Mounted from Same Permanent Magnets on Same Geometry (2009)

In this study, internal and external rotor radial-flux machine constructions built with surface mounted by applying the same NdFeB were compared according to torque density, vigorous material weight, outer radius, total length and volume, generated power and efficiency. Induced phase voltages and winding currents under load, airgap flux density, output power versus speed and material consumption for internal and external rotor PM generators have been obtained as the results of comparison. It was inferred that external rotor PM machines have a smaller volume, lower output power and efficiency, higher armature thermal load and current density than internal rotor PM machines by applying the same PM geometry and features for a given power rating. Therefore it was seen that the external rotor construction was more suitable to be applied in wind power systems because of external rotor structured PM machines have lower total weight and cost. Ill. 12, bibl. 12 (in English; summaries in English, Russian and Lithuanian).
New Operational Modes to Increase Energy Efficiency in Capacitive Deionization Systems (2016)

In order for capacitive deionization (CDI) as a water treatment technology to achieve commercial success, substantial improvements in the operational aspects of the system should be improved in order to efficiently recover the energy stored during the deionization step. In the present work, to increase the energy efficiency of the adsorption-desorption processes, we propose a new operational procedure that utilizes a concentrated brine stream as a washing solution during regeneration. Using this approach, we demonstrate that by replacing the electrolyte during regeneration for a solution with higher conductivity, it is possible to substantially increase round-trip energy efficiency. This procedure was experimentally verified in a flow cell reactor using a pair of carbon electrodes (10(2) cm geometric area) and NaCl solutions having concentrations between 50 and 350 mmol·L(-1). According to experimental data, this new operational mode allows for a better utilization of the three-dimensional structure of the porous material. This increases the energetic efficiency of the global CDI process to above 80% when deionization/regeneration currents ratio are optimized for brackish water treatment.
Prostaglandin E Receptor EP1 Suppresses Breast Cancer Metastasis and Is Linked to Survival Differences and Cancer Disparities (2010)

Cyclooxygenase-2 is frequently overexpressed and associated with poor prognosis in breast cancer. The cyclooxygenase-2 product prostaglandin E(2) elicits cellular responses through four G-protein-coupled receptors, designated EP1 to EP4, coupled to distinct intracellular signaling pathways. EP4, expressed on malignant breast cells, promotes metastasis; however, a role for EP1 in metastasis has not been investigated. Using a murine model of metastatic breast cancer, we now show that pharmacologic antagonism of EP1 with SC19220 or AH6809 promoted lung colonization of mammary tumor cells by 3.7- to 5.4-fold. Likewise, reducing EP1 gene expression by shRNA also increased metastatic capacity relative to cells transfected with nonsilencing vector but did not affect the size of transplanted tumors. Examination of invasive ductal carcinomas by immunohistochemistry shows that EP1 was detected in both the cytoplasm and nucleus of benign ducts as well as malignant cells in some samples, but was absent or limited to either the nucleus or cytoplasm in other malignant samples. Overall survival for women with tumors that were negative for nuclear EP1 was significantly worse than for women with EP1 expression (P = 0.008). There was no difference in survival for women with differences in cytoplasmic EP1 expression (P = 0.46). Comparing EP1 mRNA in breast tumors from African American and European American women revealed that many more African American breast tumors lacked detectable EP1 mRNA (P = 0.04). These studies support the hypothesis that EP1 functions as a metastasis suppressor and that loss of nuclear EP1 is associated with poorer overall survival and may contribute to disparities in outcome in different populations.
Refolding and proton pumping activity of a polyethylene glycol‐bacteriorhodopsin water‐soluble conjugate (1993)

Bacteriorhodopsin (BR), from the purple membrane (PM) of Halobacterium halobium, was chemically modified with methoxypolyethylene glycol (m-PEG; molecular weight = 5,000 Da) succinimidyl carbonate. The polyethylene glycol-bacteriorhodopsin (m-PEG-SC-BR33) conjugate, containing one polyethylene glycol chain, was water soluble. The secondary structure of the conjugate in water appeared partially denatured, but was shown to contain alpha-helical segments by circular dichroism spectroscopy. The isolated bacteriorhodopsin conjugate, with added retinal, was refolded in a mixed detergent-lipid micelle and had an absorption maximum at 555 nm. The refolded conjugate was transferred into vesicles that pumped protons, upon illumination, as efficiently as did native BR. Modification of the PM with m-PEG did not alter the native structure or inhibit proton pumping, and therefore it is suggested that the glycol polymer is present as a moiety covalently linked to residues unnecessary for proton pumping and proper folding. The site of attachment of m-PEG was determined to be at either Lys 129 or Lys 159, with position Lys 129 the most probable site of attachment. The m-PEG-SC-BR33 could be stepwise refolded to the native conformation by the addition of trifluoroethanol to lower the dielectric constant, simulating the insertion of the BR into the phospholipid bilayer.
Serum protein fingerprinting coupled with artificial neural network distinguishes glioma from healthy population or brain benign tumor (2004)

To screen and evaluate protein biomarkers for the detection of gliomas (Astrocytoma grade I-IV) from healthy individuals and gliomas from brain benign tumors by using surface enhanced laser desorption/ionization time of flight mass spectrometry (SELDI-TOF-MS) coupled with an artificial neural network (ANN) algorithm. SELDI-TOF-MS protein fingerprinting of serum from 105 brain tumor patients and healthy individuals, included 28 patients with glioma (Astrocytoma I-IV), 37 patients with brain benign tumor, and 40 age-matched healthy individuals. Two thirds of the total samples of every compared pair as training set were used to set up discriminating patterns, and one third of total samples of every compared pair as test set were used to cross-validate; simultaneously, discriminate-cluster analysis derived SPSS 10.0 software was used to compare Astrocytoma grade I-II with grade III-IV ones. An accuracy of 95.7%, sensitivity of 88.9%, specificity of 100%, positive predictive value of 90% and negative predictive value of 100% were obtained in a blinded test set comparing gliomas patients with healthy individuals; an accuracy of 86.4%, sensitivity of 88.9%, specificity of 84.6%, positive predictive value of 90% and negative predictive value of 85.7% were obtained when patient's gliomas was compared with benign brain tumor. Total accuracy of 85.7%, accuracy of grade I-II Astrocytoma was 86.7%, accuracy of III-IV Astrocytoma was 84.6% were obtained when grade I-II Astrocytoma was compared with grade III-IV ones (discriminant analysis). SELDI-TOF-MS combined with bioinformatics tools, could greatly facilitate the discovery of better biomarkers. The high sensitivity and specificity achieved by the use of selected biomarkers showed great potential application for the discrimination of gliomas patients from healthy individuals and gliomas from brain benign tumors.
Adenoviral vector vaccine platforms in the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic (2021)

Adenoviral vectors have been explored as vaccine agents for a range of infectious diseases, and their ability to induce a potent and balanced immune response made them logical candidates to apply to the COVID-19 pandemic. The unique molecular characteristics of these vectors enabled the rapid development of vaccines with advanced designs capable of overcoming the biological challenges faced by early adenoviral vector systems. These successes and the urgency of the COVID-19 situation have resulted in a flurry of candidate adenoviral vector vaccines for COVID-19 from both academia and industry. These vaccines represent some of the lead candidates currently supported by Operation Warp Speed and other government agencies for rapid translational development. This review details adenoviral vector COVID-19 vaccines currently in human clinical trials and provides an overview of the new technologies employed in their design. As these vaccines have formed a cornerstone of the COVID-19 global vaccination campaign, this review provides a full consideration of the impact and development of this emerging platform.
Unknown Malicious Executables Detection Based on Run-Time Behavior (2008)

Traditional anti-virus scanner employs static features to detect malicious executables. Unfortunately, this content-based approach can be obfuscated by techniques such as polymorphism and metamorphism. In this paper, we propose a malicious executable detecting method using 35-dimension feature vector. Each dimension stands for a malicious run-time behavior feature represented by corresponding Win32 API calls and their certain parameters. An automatic executable behavior tracing system (Argus) is also implemented to dynamically capture the features. Experiments are performed on a data set of 8223 malicious and 2821 benign executables. Training set is then used to generate detection model and several testing groups are set up for classification. Experiment result suggests that the method is efficient in detecting previously unknown malicious executables which have more than two behavior features captured.
Intrathecal Expression of Proteins Regulating Apoptosis in Acute Stroke (1999)

Our study demonstrates decreased intrathecal levels of proteins with antiapoptotic properties, suggesting that patients with acute stroke display a propensity toward apoptosis. Control of factors regulating apoptosis may lead to decreased delayed brain damage in stroke.
Metachromatic leukodystrophy: natural course of cerebral MRI changes in relation to clinical course (2011)

MRI showed a typical spatial pattern, which evolved gradually and uniformly during disease progression in late-infantile MLD. In juvenile MLD MRI changes were already observed at disease onset and temporal patterns were more variable. As therapeutic options for MLD are evolving, these findings are not only important for patient counseling but also for the evaluation of therapeutic interventions.
Dynamic Scheduling of Virtual Machines Running HPC Workloads in Scientific Grids (2009)

The primary motivation for uptake of virtualization has been resource isolation, capacity management and resource customization allowing resource providers to consolidate their resources in virtual machines. Various approaches have been taken to integrate virtualization in to scientific Grids especially in the arena of High Performance Computing (HPC) to run grid jobs in virtual machines, thus enabling better provisioning of the underlying resources and customization of the execution environment on runtime. Despite the gains, virtualization layer also incur a performance penalty and its not very well understood that how such an overhead will impact the performance of systems where jobs are scheduled with tight deadlines. Since this overhead varies the types of workload whether they are memory intensive, CPU intensive or network I/O bound, and could lead to unpredictable deadline estimation for the running jobs in the system. In our study, we have attempted to tackle this problem by developing an intelligent scheduling technique for virtual machines which monitors the workload types and deadlines, and calculate the system over head in real time to maximize number of jobs finishing within their agreed deadlines.
Relationship between hormone replacement therapy and cardiovascular diseases in postmenopausal women (2011)

Before menopause, women were in lower risk of cardiovascular diseases. However, with the coming of menopause, the incidence of cardiovascular diseases in women is significantly increaed, and hormone replacement therapy becomes a hot topic of preventing cardiovascular diseases in clinic. The results of researches are inconsistent in the prevention of cardiovascular diseases in postmenopausal women, some of which depend on the physical condition of individual. Therefore, medication time and individualized treatment should be noted in hormone replacement therapy. At the same time, only hormone replacement therapy combined with a healthy lifestyle can prevent cardiovascular diseases better.

Key words: 
Hormone replacement therapy;  Cardiovascular diseases;  Prevention
Topical nanoparticles interfering with the DNA-LL37 complex to alleviate psoriatic inflammation in mice and monkeys (2020)

Cell-free DNA (cfDNA) released from damaged or dead cells combines with LL37 and is converted into an immune response activator to exacerbate psoriasis. Here, we show that cationic nanoparticles (cNPs) efficiently compete for DNA from the DNA-LL37 immunocomplex and inhibit DNA-LL37-induced cell activation. Using phenotypical images, psoriasis area and severity index scoring, histology, and immunohistochemical analysis, we demonstrate that topical application of cNPs on psoriasiform skin of a mouse model relieves psoriatic symptoms. It is noteworthy that the results were confirmed in a cynomolgus monkey model. Moreover, topically administrated cNPs showed low in vivo toxicity because of their retention in skin. Mechanistic analyses of cytokine expression in the psoriatic site, cfDNA levels in circulation and inflamed skin, skin permeation, and biodistribution of cNPs also matched the therapeutic outcomes. Therefore, we present a previously unidentified strategy of nanomedicine to treat skin inflammatory diseases, which demonstrates great potential for clinical application.
Educating Marine Engineers at the Australian Defence Force Academy (2002)

The Australian Defence Force Academy (ADFA) provides a significant educational input to the Australian armed services. Staff of The University of New South Wales deliver the academic component at the Academy. Within the University of NSW at ADFA, there are three engineering schools (Electrical, Civil and Aerospace and Mechanical). The School of Aerospace and Mechanical Engineering offers four degree programs, one of which is mechanical engineering. It is through this stream that the marine engineering midshipmen earn their mechanical engineering degrees. Described in this paper specifically is the mechanical engineering program. In addition to detailing the current program, a historical perspective of its development is provided. Further, the outcomes from client consultation, which map the program into the future, are discussed.
Herbicide selectivity in alfalfa crops (2013)

This study aimed to determine the selectivity of herbicides applied in pre- and post-emergence for alfalfa crops. Three separate experiments were carried out under greenhouse conditions. The first experiment was arranged in a completely randomized design with three replications in a 4 x 11 + 1 factorial scheme , with eleven herbicides (bentazon, chlorimuron-ethyl, fomesafen, fluazifop-p-butyl, saflufenacil, imazethapyr, clethodim, nicosulfuron, imazaquin, haloxyfop-methyl and MSMA), four doses of each herbicide (0.5 D, 0.75 D, 1.0 D and 1.25 D, where D = recommended dose), plus an untreated control. The products were applied to alfalfa plants at the stage of 4 to 5 leaf pairs. In the second experiment, the effect of pre-emergent herbicides on early alfalfa development was observed through a completely randomized design with five replications in a 3 x 4 x 2 factorial scheme, with three herbicides (hexazinone, atrazine + simazine, S-metolachlor), four doses (0.5 D, 0.75 D, 1.0 D and 1.25 D), and two types of soil texture (loamy and clay soil), plus an untreated control. The third experiment evaluated the action of atrazine, 2,550 g ha-1; clomazone - 600 g ha-1; diclosulam - 25 g ha-1; diuron+hexazinone - 936 + 264 g ha-1 and diuron+hexazinone +sulfometuron - 1,386 + 391 + 33.35 g ha-1 on alfalfa sown at different times after herbicide application. The effects of the treatments on alfalfa were evaluated according to visual phytotoxicity symptoms, plant height, and biomass of roots and shoots. Among the herbicides applied at post-emergence, imazethapyr, clethodim, haloxyfop-p-methyl and MSMA were selective for alfalfa, while among those applied at pre-emergence, none were selective, regardless of soil texture. The results of the third experiment showed that the herbicides diclosulam, hexazinone + diuron and atrazine caused less toxicity in alfalfa plants.
Surface Functional Characteristics (C, O, S) of Waste Tire-Derived Carbon Black before and after Steam Activation (2008)

The effects of steam activation on the surface functional characteristics of waste tire-derived carbon black were investigated. Two carbon-based materials, powdered carbon black (PCB) and PCB-derived powdered activated carbon (PCB-PAC), were selected for this study. A stainless steel tubular oven was used to activate the PCB at an activation temperature of 900 degrees C and 1 atm using steam as an activating reagent. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) was adopted to measure the surface composition and chemical structure of carbon surface. Various elemental spectra (C, O, and S) of each carbon sample were further deconvoluted by peak synthesis. Results showed that the surfaces of PCB and PCB-PAC consisted mainly of C-C and C-O. The PCB-PAC surface had a higher percentage of oxygenated functional groups (C=O and O-C=O) than PCB. The O1s spectra show that the oxygen detected on the PCB surface was mainly bonded to carbon (C-O), whereas the oxygen on the PCB-PAC surface could be bonded to hydrogen (O-H) and carbon (C-O). Sulfur on the surface of PCB consisted of 58.9 wt% zinc sulfide (ZnS) and 41.1 wt% S=C=S, whereas that on the surfaces of PCB-PAC consisted mainly of S=C=S. Furthermore, the increase of oxygen content from 9.6% (PCB) to 11.9% (PCB-PAC) resulted in the increase of the pH values of PCB-PAC after steam activation.
ChemInform Abstract: SYNTHETIC ANALOGS OF NATURAL PRENYLATED AND CHROMENE CHALCONES (1977)

A number of synthetic analogs of the prenylated and chromene chalcones isolated from lonchocarpus neuroscapha (Leguminosae) were obtained by condensation of prenylated acetophenones with substituted benzaldehydes. The antibacterial activity of these products was studied and correlated with their structure.
Enhanced performance of InGaN solar cell by using a super-thin AlN interlayer (2011)

A super-thin AlN layer is inserted between the intrinsic InGaN and p-InGaN in the InGaN solar cell structure to improve the photovoltaic property. The dark current is markedly decreased by more than two orders of magnitude and the short-circuit current density is increased from 0.77 mA/cm2 to 1.25 mA/cm2, leading to a doubled conversion efficiency compared to the conventional structure. Electrical transport analysis reveals that the forward electrical property is greatly improved in the range of open circuit voltage and the leakage current mechanism changes from defect related Poole-Frenkel emission to interface tunneling emission. The improvement on the electrical and photovoltaic properties is ascribed to insertion of the AlN interlayer, which not only provides a barrier to reduce tunneling for electrons, but also suppresses the nonradiative recombination.
A Probabilistic Methodology for Integrating Knowledge and Experiments on Biological Networks (2006)

Biological systems are traditionally studied by focusing on a specific subsystem, building an intuitive model for it, and refining the model using results from carefully designed experiments. Modern experimental techniques provide massive data on the global behavior of biological systems, and systematically using these large datasets for refining existing knowledge is a major challenge. Here we introduce an extended computational framework that combines formalization of existing qualitative models, probabilistic modeling, and integration of high-throughput experimental data. Using our methods, it is possible to interpret genomewide measurements in the context of prior knowledge on the system, to assign statistical meaning to the accuracy of such knowledge, and to learn refined models with improved fit to the experiments. Our model is represented as a probabilistic factor graph, and the framework accommodates partial measurements of diverse biological elements. We study the performance of several probabilistic inference algorithms and show that hidden model variables can be reliably inferred even in the presence of feedback loops and complex logic. We show how to refine prior knowledge on combinatorial regulatory relations using hypothesis testing and derive p-values for learned model features. We test our methodology and algorithms on a simulated model and on two real yeast models. In particular, we use our method to explore uncharacterized relations among regulators in the yeast response to hyper-osmotic shock and in the yeast lysine biosynthesis system. Our integrative approach to the analysis of biological regulation is demonstrated to synergistically combine qualitative and quantitative evidence into concrete biological predictions.
Collagen autoimmunity and arthritis (1988)

Collagen-induced arthritis in animals is an example of polyarthritis that sufficiently resembles human rheumatoid arthritis to be used as a model. It is caused by immunizing susceptible animals with type II collagen isolated from articular cartilage. Susceptibility is genetically determined and linked to the major histocompatibility locus. It is important because some human arthritis is also associated with major histocompatibility genes and may be caused or aggravated by the presence of autoimmunity to normal cartilage components. Collagen-induced arthritis is also important because it is an example of immunologically mediated joint destruction, which may share some of the mechanisms present in human disease. Although it is caused by autoimmunity to collagen, susceptibility and responsiveness to type II collagen are not completely correlated, and there are examples of animals with high levels of collagen immunity who do not develop arthritis. The initial lesion appears to be the deposition of an antibody on the surface of articular cartilage, which precedes development of overt arthritis by several days. Disease can be readily transferred with specific antibody. Arthritogenic antibodies appear to have restricted epitope specificity, which may partially explain the disparities between responsiveness to immunization with collagen and susceptibility to arthritis, but precise delineation of the epitopes involved has not yet been accomplished. Complement activation also appears to be intimately involved since the disease correlates with the presence of high levels of complement-binding IgG isotypes, and passive transfer is possible only into complement-sufficient recipients. Inflammation progresses rapidly so that cartilage destruction and marginal erosion develop over a period of a few days. Collagen-induced arthritis offers a unique opportunity to study autoimmune-mediated arthritis in which the inducing antigen is well characterized and readily available. Analysis of the disease has permitted the proposal of a schema for its pathogenesis.