gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A noise-robust speech recognition method composed of weak noise suppression and weak Vector Taylor Series Adaptation (2012)

This paper proposes a noise-robust speech recognition method composed of weak noise suppression (NS) and weak Vector Taylor Series Adaptation (VTSA). The proposed method compensates defects of NS and VTSA, and gains only the advantages by them. The weak NS reduces distortion by over-suppression that may accompany noise-suppressed speech. The weak VTSA avoids over-adaptation by offsetting a part of acoustic-model adaptation that corresponds to the suppressed noise. Evaluation results with the AURORA2 database show that the proposed method achieves as much as 1.2 points higher word accuracy (87.4%) than a method with VTSA alone (86.2%) that is always better than its counterpart with NS.
Naphthenic acid corrosion in refinery settings (1993)

Naphthenic acid corrosion has been a problem in the refining industry for many years. Recently interest in this problem has grown because crudes that contain naphthenic acid are being recovered from areas which were not known to produce this type of crude, such as china, India, and Africa. New techniques for identifying naphthenic acid corrosion and chemical treatments for preventing this attack are presented. Refinery case studies include stream analysis, failure analysis, and inhibitor use. Laboratory tests to show the effect of hydrogen sulfide and phosphorus-based inhibitors are discussed.
Self-starting femtosecond Ti:sapphire laser with intracavity multiquantum well absorber (1993)

A titanium-doped sapphire laser has been modelocked using an intracavity multiquantum well absorber. Stable transform-limited pulses as short as 130 fs have been generated.
Compact fiber pumped terahertz source (2007)

Converting near infrared signals in a nonlinear medium is an attractive way to generate terahertz radiation due to the availability of near-IR lasers and nonlinear materials. However, these terahertz generation schemes are typically inefficient and are often cumbersome, which may limit their use in certain applications. We have developed and demonstrated a compact, fiber pumped optical terahertz source based difference frequency mixing (DFM) of nanosecond pulses in zinc germanium phosphide (ZGP). With this setup, we have successfully generated 2mW of average power terahertz radiation at 2.45THz. This has enabled us to perform active, real-time terahertz imaging experiments using an uncooled microbolometer array. In performing these experiments, we have also developed a theoretical model for terahertz generation based on DFM of IR pump signals. In this paper, we discuss our compact fiber pumped terahertz source technology, imaging system, model, and how we intend to overcome some of the common issues associated with optical terahertz generation.
Experimental Evaluation of Impulsive Ultrasonic Intra-Body Communications for Implantable Biomedical Devices (2016)

Biomedical systems of miniaturized implantable sensors and actuators interconnected in an intra-body area network could enable revolutionary clinical applications. Given the well-understood limitations of radio frequency (RF) propagation in the human body, in our previous work we investigated the use of ultrasonic waves as an alternative physical carrier of information, and proposed Ultrasonic WideBand (UsWB), an ultrasonic multipath-resilient integrated physical and medium access control (MAC) layer protocol. In this paper, we discuss the design and implementation of a software-defined testbed architecture for ultrasonic intra-body area networks, and propose the first experimental demonstration of the feasibility of ultrasonic communications in tissue mimicking materials. We first discuss in detail our FPGA-based prototype implementation of UsWB. We then demonstrate how the prototype can flexibly trade performance off for power consumption, and achieve, for bit error rates (BER) no higher than 10-6, either (i) high-data rate transmissions up to 700 kbit/s at a transmit power of -14 dBm (≈ 40 μW), or (ii) low-data rate and lower-power transmissions down to -21 dBm (≈ 8 μW) at 70 kbit/s. We demonstrate that the UsWB MAC protocol allows multiple transmitter-receiver pairs to coexist and dynamically adapt the transmission rate according to channel and interference conditions to maximize throughput while satisfying predefined reliability constraints. We also show how UsWB can be used to enable a video monitoring medical application for implantable devices. Finally, we propose (and validate through experiments) a statistical model of small-scale fading for the ultrasonic intra-body channel.
Fast algorithm for transient current through open quantum systems (2017)

Transient current calculation is essential to study the response time and capture the peak transient current for preventing meltdown of nanochips in nanoelectronics. Its calculation is known to be extremely time consuming with the best scaling $T{N}^{3}$ where $N$ is the dimension of the device and $T$ is the number of time steps. The dynamical response of the system is usually probed by sending a steplike pulse and monitoring its transient behavior. Here, we provide a fast algorithm to study the transient behavior due to the steplike pulse. This algorithm consists of two parts: algorithm I reduces the computational complexity to ${T}^{0}{N}^{3}$ for large systems as long as $T<N$; algorithm II employs the fast multipole technique and achieves scaling ${T}^{0}{N}^{3}$ whenever $T<{N}^{2}$ beyond which it becomes $T{log}_{2}N$ for even longer time. Hence it is of order $O(1)$ if $T<{N}^{2}$. Benchmark calculation has been done on graphene nanoribbons with $N={10}^{4}$ and $T={10}^{8}$. This algorithm allows us to tackle many large scale transient problems including magnetic tunneling junctions and ferroelectric tunneling junctions.
PMD Compensation by LDPC-Coded Turbo Equalization (2007)

A turbo equalization scheme suitable for electronic polarization-mode dispersion compensation based on low-density parity-check coding and the Bahl-Cocke-Jelinek-Raviv (BCJR) equalizer is proposed. For reasonable BCJR equalizer complexity, the differential group delay of up to three bit-periods can be compensated.
System Performance of Inter-NodeB MF-HSDPA with Enhancements to Backhaul Flow/Congestion Control (2012)

In this paper, we study the feature of Multi-Flow HSDPA (MF-HSDPA), which allows simultaneous transmission of separate data packets from two or more serving cells (across different sectors or NodeBs) to a User Equipment (UE). This new feature brings challenges for system design, especially for the Inter-NodeB case, in which the serving cells reside in different NodeBs. To address these challenges, we propose enhancements to the Radio Link Control (RLC) layer and backhaul flow control/congestion control. Simulation results show significant performance gain can be achieved by the MF-HSDPA feature. The gain is more promising when the backhaul is congested, because Inter-NodeB MF-HSDPA offers "backhaul diversity" by utilizing two backhaul links to serve a MF UE.
A novel bidirectional add/drop amplifier (BADA) (1998)

We demonstrate a novel bidirectional add/drop amplifier (BADA) module by using only one N/spl times/N arrayed-waveguide grating (AWG). For the effective transmission of bidirectional signals, it is essential to suppress the relative intensity noise caused by Rayleigh backscattering, multiple reflection, and/or AWG crosstalk. The proposed amplifier module can suppress the relative intensity noise simply by using two optical bandpass filters. No degradation was observed in the receiver sensitivity when these amplifier modules were used for the bidirectional transmission and add/drop multiplexing of wavelength-division-multiplexing signals.
Development of a c-scan photoacoutsic imaging probe for prostate cancer detection (2011)

Prostate cancer is the second leading cause of death in American men after lung cancer. The current screening procedures include Digital Rectal Exam (DRE) and Prostate Specific Antigen (PSA) test, along with Transrectal Ultrasound (TRUS). All suffer from low sensitivity and specificity in detecting prostate cancer in early stages. There is a desperate need for a new imaging modality. We are developing a prototype transrectal photoacoustic imaging probe to detect prostate malignancies in vivo that promises high sensitivity and specificity. To generate photoacoustic (PA) signals, the probe utilizes a high energy 1064 nm laser that delivers light pulses onto the prostate at 10Hz with 10ns duration through a fiber optic cable. The designed system will generate focused C-scan planar images using acoustic lens technology. A 5 MHz custom fabricated ultrasound sensor array located in the image plane acquires the focused PA signals, eliminating the need for any synthetic aperture focusing. The lens and sensor array design was optimized towards this objective. For fast acquisition times, a custom built 16 channel simultaneous backend electronics PCB has been developed. It consists of a low-noise variable gain amplifier and a 16 channel ADC. Due to the unavailability of 2d ultrasound arrays, in the current implementation several B-scan (depth-resolved) data is first acquired by scanning a 1d array, which is then processed to reconstruct either 3d volumetric images or several C-scan planar images. Experimental results on excised tissue using a in-vitro prototype of this technology are presented to demonstrate the system capability in terms of resolution and sensitivity.
Bacteriocin Production by <i>Neisseria gonorrhoeae</i> (1976)

Seventeen apparently unrelated isolates of Neisseria gonorrhoeae out of 2,123 tested produced a diffusible growth-inhibitory substance against other gonococci. The inhibitor was destroyed by trypsin, not blocked by bovine serum albumin, and not soluble in chloroform-methanol; each isolate was resistant to the inhibitor it produced. Thus, the substance differs from previously described gonococcal inhibitors, and since it fits the description of a bacteriocin we designated it gonocin. The use of gonocin for typing was complicated by the observation that susceptibility to gonocin appears to depend on the gonococcal colony type.
Efficient FPGA Implementation of K-Nearest-Neighbor Search Algorithm for 3D LIDAR Localization and Mapping in Smart Vehicles (2020)

K-Nearest-Neighbor search (KNN) has been extensively used in the localization and mapping based on 3D laser point clouds in smart vehicles. Considering the real-time requirement of localization and stringent battery constraint in smart vehicles, it is a great challenge to develop highly energy-efficient KNN implementations. Unfortunately, previous KNN implementations either cannot efficiently build search data structures or cannot search efficiently in massive and unevenly distributed point clouds. To solve the issue, we propose a new framework to optimize the implementation of KNN on FPGAs. First, we propose a novel data structure with a spatial subdivision method, which can be built efficiently even for massive point clouds. Second, based on our data structure, we propose a KNN search algorithm which is able to search in unevenly distributed point clouds efficiently. We have implemented the new framework on both FPGA and GPU. Energy efficiency results show that our proposed method is on average 2.1 times and 6.2 times higher than the state-of-the-art implementations of KNN on FPGA and GPU platform, respectively.
Geographic modeling and simulation systems for geographic research in the new era: Some thoughts on their development and construction (2021)

Regionality, comprehensiveness, and complexity are regarded as the basic characteristics of geography. The exploration of their core connotations is an essential way to achieve breakthroughs in geography in the new era. This paper focuses on the important method in geographic research: Geographic modeling and simulation. First, we clarify the research requirements of the said three characteristics of geography and its potential to address geo-problems in the new era. Then, the supporting capabilities of the existing geographic modeling and simulation systems for geographic research are summarized from three perspectives: Model resources, modeling processes, and operational architecture. Finally, we discern avenues for future research of geographic modeling and simulation systems for the study of regional, comprehensive and complex characteristics of geography. Based on these analyses, we propose implementation architecture of geographic modeling and simulation systems and discuss the module composition and functional realization, which could provide theoretical and technical support for geographic modeling and simulation systems to better serve the development of geography in the new era.
Mutation of the Catalytic Domain of the Foamy Virus Reverse Transcriptase Leads to Loss of Processivity and Infectivity (2002)

Foamy virus (FV) replication is resistant to most nucleoside analog reverse transcriptase (RT) inhibitors. In an attempt to create a 2',3'-dideoxy-3'-thiacytidine (3TC)-sensitive virus, the second residue in the highly conserved YXDD motif of simian foamy virus-chimpanzee (human isolate) [SFVcpz(hu)] RT was changed from Val (V) to Met (M). Unexpectedly, the resultant virus, SFVcpz(hu) RT-V313M, replicated poorly, and Met rapidly reverted to Val. Despite the presence of approximately 50% of wild-type RT activity in RT-V313M virions, full-length DNA products were not detected in transfected cells. Using purified recombinant enzymes, we found that the wild-type FV RT is significantly more processive than human immunodeficiency virus type 1 RT. However, the V313M mutant has about 40% of the wild-type level of FV RT activity and has a lower processivity than the wild-type FV enzyme. The V313M mutant RT is also relatively resistant to 3TC. These results suggest that the decrease in RT activity and processivity of FV RT-V313M prevents completion of reverse transcription and greatly diminishes viral replication.
Non-Intrusive GMM-Based Speech Quality Measurement (2006)

We propose a non-intrusive speech quality measurement algorithm based on using Gaussian-mixture probability models of features of undegraded speech signals as an artificial reference model of "clean" speech behaviour. The consistency between the features of the test speech signal and the reference model serves as an indicator of speech quality. Consistency measures are calculated and mapped to an objective speech quality score using a multivariate adaptive regression splines function. Simulation results show that the proposed method offers accurate and yet low-complexity measurement of speech quality.
Summarizing archived discussions (2003)

This paper describes an approach to digesting threads of archived discussion lists by clustering messages into approximate topical groups, and then extracting shorter overviews, and longer summaries for each group.
Amino acid sequence of a platelet-binding human anti-DNA monoclonal autoantibody (1989)

The complete amino acid sequences of the variable regions of the heavy and light chains of a human IgM monoclonal platelet-binding autoantibody have been determined. This antibody, HF2–1/17, produced by a human x human hybridoma prepared from lymphocytes of a patient with systemic lupus erythematosus and thrombocytopenia, is polyreactive with single-stranded DNA, synthetic polynucleotides, sulfated carbohydrates, and acidic glycolipids isolated from platelet membranes. The heavy chain is of the VHIII subgroup, and the light chain is of the VKI subgroup. The heavy chain is the expression product of the VH26 germline gene. The light chain bears significant homology to other immunoglobulins of known primary structure, including WEA, GAL, HAU, HK101, and DEE. These results suggest that HF2–1/17 may be an autoantibody derived with little or no modification from germline genes. A model of the antibody combining site suggests that arginine 24 and arginine 30 in the light chain (CDR1) interact with a surface defined by phosphate or sulfate groups of the antigen.
Optimal design of neural stimulation current waveforms (2009)

This paper contains results on the design of electrical signals for delivering charge through electrodes to achieve neural stimulation. A generalization of the usual constant current stimulation phase to a stepped current waveform is presented. The electrode current design is then formulated as the calculation of the current step sizes to minimize the peak electrode voltage while delivering a specified charge in a given number of time steps. This design problem can be formulated as a finite linear program, or alternatively by using techniques for discrete-time linear system design.
Magnetically Loaded Cables (1986)

Abstract : A novel cable design is presented which employes an insulation doped with low loss soft ferrite particles that provide distributed inductive loading Mn-Zn ferrites are more suitable below 1MHz and Ni-Zn above that frequency. Different configurations are discussed with an eye on performance, manufacturing easiness and cost. Distributed circuit elements are calculated and a set of rules of thumb are given concerning the ferrite selection process and loading configuration. An AWG24 cable, which is used widely in telephony, having attenuation 21 dB/km at 1MHz and 78dB/km at 10 MHz is shown to exhibit 9dB/km and 40dB/km respectively when magnetically doped. Besides attenuation, nearly ohmic and constant characteristic impedance and low dispersion are other features of the magnetically loaded cable. The concept can be used in any cable design. The improved performance comes at a low overhead cost. (Author)
Xanthines with C8 chiral substituents as potent and selective adenosine A1 antagonists (1993)

Several 8-substituted 1,3-dipropylxanthines were synthesized, and their receptor binding affinities at adenosine A1 and A2 receptors were measured. When enantiomeric pairs of compounds were examined, the R enantiomers were significantly more potent than the corresponding S enantiomers. The most potent compound at the A1 receptor was (R)-3,7-dihydro-8-(1-methyl-2-phenylethyl)-1,3-dipropyl-1H-purine-2,6-di one (5a; MDL 102,503), whose Ki value at the A1 receptor was 6.9 nM. However, a more selective compound was (R)-3,7-dihydro-8-(1-phenylpropyl)-1,3-dipropyl-1H-purine-2,6-dione (5d; MDL 102,234), which had a Ki value of 23.2 nM at the A1 receptor and an A2/A1 ratio of 153.
Semisynthesis of Human Complex Type Oligosaccharide Library and Chemical Synthesis of Glycopeptides and Glycoprotein (2008)

This paper describes for the semisynthesis of diverse asparagine-linked oligosaccharides (Asn-oligosaccharides) from asparagine-linked biantennary complex-type-disialylundecasaccharide obtained from egg yolk. This semisynthesis employs chemical modification and branch specific exo-glycosidase digestion (β-D-galactosidase, N-acetyl-β-D-glucosaminidase and α-ll-mannosidase). Efficient semisynthesis has enabled us to prepare appropriate amount of asparagine linked oligosaccharide and to examine solid phase synthesis for several glycopeptides having homogeneous and intact oligosaccharides. This solid phase glycopeptides synthesis has also been examined to develop for the preparation of glycoprotein. The synthetic target was to be glycoprotein, monocite chemotactic protein-3 (MCP-3). This glycoprotein has a complex type disialylundecasaccharide and two disuflide bond. This chemical synthesis employed solid phase synthesis, native chemical ligation and protein folding protocol to obtain desired homogeneous glycoprotein. The disufide map, CD measurement and enzyme linked immuno sorbent assay (ELISA) supported that glycoprotein exhibited that the desired three dimentional structure.
Quantitation of GSTP1 Methylation in Non-neoplastic Prostatic Tissue and Organ-Confined Prostate Adenocarcinoma (2001)

Quantitation of GSTP1 methylation accurately discriminates between normal hyperplastic tissue and prostatic carcinoma in small samples of prostate tissue and may augment the standard pathologic/histologic assessment of the prostate.
New Sulfide Addition Agents for Lubricant Materials (1968)

Two sulfides, AsSbS4, and AsAsS4 were prepared by aqueous precipitation methods. Property studies covered lubricant characteristics, and comparisons were made with As2S3, As2S3, Sb2S3 and Sb2S3. The various compounds were examined as chemical addition agents for diester lubricating grease and organic resin solid film lubricants. Details are presented for lubricant formulation and preparation, as well as laboratory test methods. The single most significant result is the dual response of AsSbS4 to steel-steel and steel-molybdenum. Previous studies have shown that sulfur compounds as a class are preferential lubricants for molybdenum; however, a lubricating effect for steel by metallic sulfides has been essentially limited to MoS2.
Flexible Frequency Operation Strategy of Power System With High Renewable Penetration (2016)

Growth of renewable penetration will increase the requirement for flexible resources. It may be a simple solution to build more flexible resources, but it is too expensive. Recently, the new construction of power plant or transmission line has faced opposition by the resistance of the local residents. Depending on the needs, new methodologies are required in order to gain the flexibility of the power grids. This paper proposes the flexible frequency operation strategy with significant renewable penetration to achieve the flexibility of the power grids. Flexible frequency operation provides customized frequency through BTB HVDC, and the overall system is operated with relaxed frequency regulation. By reducing the need and role of the frequency ancillary service reserve, an operator does not need to secure additional governor response reserve for renewable energy. In order to model frequency dynamic of high renewable penetrated power system, the swing equation is modified in this paper. The case studies using MATLAB show effectiveness of flexible frequency operation strategy.
On the Computation of Multidimensional Aggregates (1999)

At the heart of all OLAP or multidimensional data analysis applications is the ability to simultaneously aggregate across many sets of dimensions. Computing multidimensional aggregates is a performance bottleneck for these applications. This paper presents fast algorithms for computing a collection of group bys. We focus on a special case of the aggregation problem - computation of the CUBE operator. The CUBE operator requires computing group-bys on all possible combinations of a list of attributes, and is equivalent to the union of a number of standard group-by operations. We show how the structure of CUBE computation can be viewed in terms of a hierarchy of group-by operations. Our algorithms extend sort-based and hashbased grouping methods with several .optimizations, like combining common operations across multiple groupbys, caching, and using pre-computed group-by8 for computing other groupbys. Empirical evaluation shows that the resulting algorithms give much better performance compared to straightforward meth
ChemInform Abstract: A Facile Synthesis of Ketene O,N‐Acetals and Ketene O,O‐Acetals by Tosylate Elimination. (1988)

Abstract The alcohols (I) are converted to the ketene O,N‐acetals (IV) via the tosylates (III).