gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Microwave Vortex-Beam Emitter Based on Spoof Surface Plasmon Polaritons (2017)

Since the orbital angular momentum (OAM) being investigated intensively in the optical region, there are growing interests in employing OAM to solve the problem in wireless communications as a new method. It is found that the independence between different OAM modes is crucial to wireless communications. Motivated by the tremendous potential of OAM in communication systems, we propose a novel method to generate vortex beams by spoof surface plasmon polaritons (SPPs). A looped double-layer spoof SPP waveguide is applied to realize the transmission of electromagnetic waves. Beam emitting is accomplished through a series of circular patches, whose role is not only the radiation units but also resonators giving rise to the phase shifts required by the vortex beam. The proposed method is validated by both numerical calculation and experiment. The measured results show that the spoof SPPs are radiated by the circular patches and the vortex beam carrying different OAM modes are observed at different frequencies. This is the first time to generate the OAM modes by spoof SPPs. The proposed method possesses smaller size and is much easier to be integrated into integrated circuits. The simple structure and design procedure make the proposed method promising in future wireless communication systems.
Tracking Objects in an Indoor Environment using 3D Models (2006)

The paper introduces a new approach of tracking real objects in an indoor environment. This approach uses two cameras and 3D models. The changes of the objects in position and pose could be tracked and simulated in a virtual world using predefined information of the indoor environment and estimated parameters of the objects. Our proposed system automatically achieves these parameters by searching the best-matching set of template contours in the database and edge pixels of the objects in two given images using generalized Hough transform
Role of Reactive Metabolites of Oxygen and Nitrogen in Inflammatory Bowel Disease: Toxins, Mediators, and Modulators of Gene Expression (1996)

There is a growing body of both experimental and clinical evidence to suggest that chronic gut inflammation is associated with enhanced production of reactive metabolites of oxygen (e.g., superoxide, hydrogen peroxide) and nitrogen (e.g., nitric oxide).Pharmacologic intervention studies suggest that some of the tissue injury and dysfunction as well as the inflammatory process itself are mediated directly or indirectly by these oxidants and free radicals.Historically, these reactive species have been thought to promote inflammatory tissue injury via their ability to oxidize and degrade essential cellular constituents.However, more recent work suggests that oxygen-and nitrogen-derived metabolites may mediate gut pathobiology in more subtle ways.For example, nontoxic levels of superoxide-andlor nitric oxide-derived oxidants and free radicals may act as pro-inflammatory signaling agents as well as activate certain transcription factors (e.g., nuclear factor KB, activation protein [API-1) that are known to up-regulate the expression of a variety of different genes that are important in the inflammatory response.These data suggest that the sustained overproduction of these reactive species in the chronically inflamed gut may contribute to the pathophysiology of IBD by enhancing the production of toxins, mediators, and modulators of gene expression.Key Words: Oxygen-
Generation and phenotypic characterization of Pde1a mutant mice (2017)

It has been proposed that a reduction in intracellular calcium causes an increase in intracellular cAMP and PKA activity through stimulation of calcium inhibitable adenylyl cyclase 6 and inhibition of phosphodiesterase 1 (PDE1), the main enzymes generating and degrading cAMP in the distal nephron and collecting duct, thus contributing to the development and progression of autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD). In zebrafish pde1a depletion aggravates and overexpression ameliorates the cystic phenotype. To study the role of PDE1A in a mammalian system, we used a TALEN pair to Pde1a exon 7, targeting the histidine-aspartic acid dipeptide involved in ligating the active site Zn ++ ion to generate two Pde1a null mouse lines. Pde1a mutants had a mild renal cystic disease and a urine concentrating defect (associated with upregulation of PDE4 activity and decreased protein kinase A dependent phosphorylation of aquaporin-2) on a wild-type genetic background and aggravated renal cystic disease on a Pkd2 WS25/-background. Pde1a mutants additionally had lower aortic blood pressure and increased left ventricular (LV) ejection fraction, without a change in LV mass index, consistent with the high aortic and low cardiac expression of Pde1a in wild-type mice. These results support an important role of PDE1A in the renal pathogenesis of ADPKD and in the regulation of blood pressure.
An Isotope Coding Strategy for Proteomics Involving Both Amine and Carboxyl Group Labeling (2002)

This paper describes a heavy isotope coding strategy for the analysis of all types of tryptic peptides, including those that are N-terminally blocked and from the C-terminus of proteins. The method exploits differential derivatization of amine and carboxyl groups generated during proteolysis as a means of coding. Carboxyl groups produced during proteolysis incorporate 18O from H218O. Peptides from the C-terminus of proteins were not labeled with 18O unless they contained a basic C-terminal amino acid. Primary amines from control and experimental samples were differentially acylated after proteolysis with either 1H3- or 2H3-N-acetoxysuccinamide. When these two types of labeling were combined, unique coding patterns were achieved for peptides arising from the C-termini and blocked N-termini of proteins. This method was used to (1) distinguish C-terminal peptides in model proteins, (2) recognize N-terminal peptides from proteins in which the amino terminus is acylated, and (3) identify primary structure variations between proteins from different sources.
Computer-aided software engineering (CASE) (1985)

Today, system developers are challenged to produce complex, high quality software to support explosive demand for new and revised computer applications. This challenge is complicated by severe resource constraints, forcing management to deploy new technologies, methods and procedures to manage this increasingly complex environment. Often the methods, procedures and technologies are not integrated. Therefore, they achieve less than desired improvements in productivity, or force management to make tradeoff decisions between software quality and developer efficiency.Computer-Aided Software Engineering (CASE) helps system developers meet their challenge by providing a new generation of integrated system development tools which provides an automated environment in which to design and implement system projects. CASE technology enables system developers to improve both quality and efficiency, resulting in a net improvement in maintenance and development productivity.The objectives of this paper are to provide the reader with sufficient information about CASE technology to develop an evaluation and implementation strategy for utilizing CASE to improve systems development productivity.
An epidemiological study of pulmonary arterial hypertension (2007)

All hospitalisations for pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) in the Scottish population were examined to determine the epidemiological features of PAH. These data were compared with expert data from the Scottish Pulmonary Vascular Unit (SPVU). Using the linked Scottish Morbidity Record scheme, data from all adults aged 16-65 yrs admitted with PAH (idiopathic PAH, pulmonary hypertension associated with congenital heart abnormalities and pulmonary hypertension associated with connective tissue disorders) during the period 1986-2001 were identified. These data were compared with the most recent data in the SPVU database (2005). Overall, 374 Scottish males and females aged 16-65 yrs were hospitalised with incident PAH during 1986-2001. The annual incidence of PAH was 7.1 cases per million population. On December 31, 2002, there were 165 surviving cases, giving a prevalence of PAH of 52 cases per million population. Data from the SPVU were available for 1997-2006. In 2005, the last year with a complete data set, the incidence of PAH was 7.6 cases per million population and the corresponding prevalence was 26 cases per million population. Hospitalisation data from the Scottish Morbidity Record scheme gave higher prevalences of pulmonary arterial hypertension than data from the expert centres (Scotland and France). The hospitalisation data may overestimate the true frequency of pulmonary arterial hypertension in the population, but it is also possible that the expert centres underestimate the true frequency.
30.4 A 370µW 5.5dB-NF BLE/BT5.0/IEEE 802.15.4-Compliant Receiver with >63dB Adjacent Channel Rejection at >2 Channels Offset in 22nm FDSOI (2020)

Upcoming Internet-of-Things (IoT) applications require low-power multi-standard RF receiver (RX) front-ends. Interference rejection becomes increasingly important as ever more devices compete in the scarce 10w-GHz spectrum. Typically, low-power RXs do not possess very steep filtering [1]-[6]. On the other hand, very selective RXs - e.g. using analog FIR or Filtering-by-Aliasing [7] - have very high power consumption, not suitable for IoT applications. A recent Analog Finite-Impulse-Response (AFIR) filter [8] shows promising results to improve channel filtering. [8] uses a much lower FIR update rate than [7] to considerably reduce power consumption. This comes at the cost of a filter alias, but the inherent windowed integration sinc filtering mitigates this filter alias. Achieving low RX Noise Figure (NF), while improving selectivity is challenging at ultra-low power, where all blocks tend to contribute significantly to the total power consumption [1]-[6].
GPS & Structural Monitoring: Deformation Studies of Koyna Dam (2004)

The structural deformation of dams can be caused by a number of contributing factors, such as local crustal movements, the type of construction materials used, wind forces, temperature variations, soil settlement, and fluctuations in the load due to vehicular traffic. This article relates how Global Positioning System (GPS) is being used to monitor the Konya dam in Western India for structural and crustal deformation. It describes a project which focused on using a geodetic GPS technique to study the seismologically disturbed region of the Konya area and the behavior of the dam body. This included establishing a dense GPS network in the seismically active area, repeat observations, detailed GPS data processing, and estimating the parameters responsible for deformation.
A Phase I/Ib Study of Enzalutamide Alone and in Combination with Endocrine Therapies in Women with Advanced Breast Cancer (2017)

<b>Purpose:</b> Several lines of evidence support targeting the androgen signaling pathway in breast cancer. Enzalutamide is a potent inhibitor of androgen receptor signaling. Preclinical data in estrogen-expressing breast cancer models demonstrated activity of enzalutamide monotherapy and enhanced activity when combined with various endocrine therapies (ET). Enzalutamide is a strong cytochrome P450 3A4 (CYP3A4) inducer, and ETs are commonly metabolized by CYP3A4. The pharmacokinetic (PK) interactions, safety, and tolerability of enzalutamide monotherapy and in combination with ETs were assessed in this phase I/Ib study.<b>Experimental Design:</b> Enzalutamide monotherapy was assessed in dose-escalation and dose-expansion cohorts of patients with advanced breast cancer. Additional cohorts examined effects of enzalutamide on anastrozole, exemestane, and fulvestrant PK in patients with estrogen receptor-positive/progesterone receptor-positive (ER<sup>+</sup>/PgR<sup>+</sup>) breast cancer.<b>Results:</b> Enzalutamide monotherapy (<i>n</i> = 29) or in combination with ETs (<i>n</i> = 70) was generally well tolerated. Enzalutamide PK in women was similar to prior data on PK in men with prostate cancer. Enzalutamide decreased plasma exposure to anastrozole by approximately 90% and exemestane by approximately 50%. Enzalutamide did not significantly affect fulvestrant PK. Exposure of exemestane 50 mg/day given with enzalutamide was similar to exemestane 25 mg/day alone.<b>Conclusions:</b> These results support a 160 mg/day enzalutamide dose in women with breast cancer. Enzalutamide can be given in combination with fulvestrant without dose modifications. Exemestane should be doubled from 25 mg/day to 50 mg/day when given in combination with enzalutamide; this combination is being investigated in a randomized phase II study in patients with ER<sup>+</sup>/PgR<sup>+</sup> breast cancer. <i>Clin Cancer Res; 23(15); 4046-54. ©2017 AACR</i>.
Data Management Using Stata: A Practical Handbook (2010)

Michael Mitchell’s Data Management Using Stata comprehensively covers data-management tasks, from those a beginning statistician would need to those hard-to-verbalize tasks that can confound an experienced user. Mitchell does this all in simple language with illustrative examples.
Cyclic Variation of Intracellular Calcium (2003)

While a diversity of cell types and distribution within the sinoatrial node and cell-cell interactions add complexity to a complete elucidation of the heart's pacemaker function, it has become clear that cyclic variation of submembrane [Ca2+] and activation of the Na+-Ca2+ exchanger during diastolic depolarization (DD) act in concert with ion channels to confer on sinoatrial node cells (SANCs) their status of dominance with respect to pacemaker function. Studies using confocal microscopy indicate that subsarcolemmal Ca2+ release via ryanodine receptors occurs not only in response to the action potential (AP) upstroke, but also during the DD, and this is augmented by beta-adrenergic receptor (beta-AR) stimulation. Spontaneous APs simulated by mathematical SANC models beat at a faster rate when this subsarcolemmal Ca2+ waveform measured under beta-AR stimulation is introduced into the modeling scheme. Thus, in future investigation of pacemaker functioning in health, disease, and disease therapies the "bar ought to be raised" to embrace the impact of cyclic variation in submembrane [Ca2+] on pacemaker function. The full text of this article is available at http://www.circresaha.org.
Copper–Zeolites as Catalysts for the Coupling of Terminal Alkynes: An Efficient Synthesis of Diynes (2008)

Abstract Cu I ‐modified zeolites, especially Cu I –USY, proved to be very efficient catalysts for the homocoupling of terminal alkynes. Such heterogeneous catalysts offer a very simple (no added ligand) and convenient synthesis of diynes, including carbohydrate derivatives. A strong influence of the zeolite pore size has been observed, high (quantitative) yields being obtained with zeolites having large internal cages. The role of zeolite acidic sites in the reaction has been pointed out. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2009)
Purification and properties of an endo‐1,4‐xylanase excreted by a hydrolytic thermophilic anaerobe, <i>Clostridium thermolacticum</i> (1990)

An extracellular xylanase from a thermophilic anaerobe, Clostridium thermolacticum, was purified 400-fold by ion-exchange chromatography and gel filtration. The purified enzyme had a specific activity of 31,670 nkat/mg of protein at 60 degrees C, a molecular mass of 39 kDa and a pI of 4.9. The enzyme exhibited maximal activity at 80 degrees C (1 h assay) and at pH 6.0-6.5. There was little loss of activity after 4 days at 60 degrees C and the enzyme was stable in the wide pH range 3-11. Examination of the hydrolysis products of larchwood xylan indicated that it was an endoxylanase; at the early stage of the reaction, xylose (Xyl)-containing oligosaccharides of 3-12 residues were released and after a prolonged incubation time, the neutral end-products were Xyl2 and Xyl3. Kinetic studies of the hydrolysis of xylose-containing oligosaccharides of 4-7 residues showed that the tetrasaccharide was hydrolysed more slowly than the pentasaccharide, while the calculated Km and V values for pentasaccharide and hexasaccharide were similar. The primary structures of the XylnGlcA produced by long-term hydrolysis of larchwood glucuronoxylan were determined on the basis of their carbohydrate composition, by methylation analysis and by 1H-NMR and 13C-NMR spectroscopies. These data allowed us to propose a model for the mode of action of this endoxylanase on larchwood 4-O-methylglucuronoxylan.
Estimation of strong ground motion in broad-frequency band based on a seismic source scaling model and an empirical Green's function technique (1994)

We introduce a generalized method for simulating strong ground motion from large earthquakes by summing subevent records to follow the ?2 law. The original idea of the method is based on a constant stress parameter between the target event and the subevent. It is applicable to a case where both events have a different stress drop after some manipulation. However, the simulation for a very large earthquake from a small event with this method has inevitably some deficiencies of spectral amplitudes in the intermediate frequency range deviating f`rom the ?2 model, although the high and low frequency motions match the scaling. We improve the simulation algorithm so as not to make spectral sags, introducing self-similar distribution of subfaults with different sizes in the fault plane, so-called fractal composite faulting model. We show successful simulations for intermediate-sized earthquakes (MJMA = 5.0, 6.0 and 6.1), the large aftershocks of the 1983 Akita-Oki earthquake. using the records of smaller aftershocks (MJMA = 3.9 and 5.0) as an empirical Green's function. Further, we attempted to estimate strong ground motion for the 1946 Nankai earthquake with Mw 8.2, using the records of a MJMA 5.1 earthquake occurring near the source region of the mainshock. We found that strong ground motions simulated for the fractal composite faulting model with two asperities radiating significantly high frequency motions matched well the observed data such as the near-field displacement record, the source spectrum estimated from the teleseismic record, and the seismic intensity distribution during the 1946 Nankai earthquake.
Regulation of the Microphthalmia-associated Transcription Factor Gene by the Waardenburg Syndrome Type 4 Gene,SOX10 (2000)

The absence of melanocytes from the cochlea and epidermis is responsible of deafness and hypopigmentation, two symptoms shared by the four Waardenburg syndrome (WS) subtypes. Microphthalmia-associated transcription factor (MITF) controls melanocyte survival and differentiation. Mutations, which impair MITF function or expression, result in an abnormal melanocyte development leading to the WS2. WS1 and WS3 are caused by mutation in the gene encoding the transcription factor Pax3, which regulates MITF expression. Recently, mutations in SOX10, a gene encoding a SRY-related transcription factor, have been reported in patients with WS4. However, the molecular basis of the defective melanocyte development in these patients remained to be elucidated. In the present report, we demonstrate that Sox10 is a strong activator of the MITF promoter, and we identify a Sox10 binding site between -264 and -266 of the MITF promoter. Finally, we show that three SOX10 mutations found in WS4 abolish the transcriptional activity of the resulting Sox10 proteins toward the MITF promoter. Taken together, our observations bring new and meaningful information concerning the molecular process that leads to a defective melanocyte development in WS4 patients with SOX10 mutations.
A first in man phase I trial of the oral immunomodulator, indoximod, combined with docetaxel in patients with metastatic solid tumors (2014)

Docetaxel plus indoximod was well tolerated with no increase in expected toxicities or pharmacokinetic interactions. It was active in a pretreated population of patients with metastatic solid tumors.
Fabrication and Characterization of a Parylene-Based Three-Dimensional Microelectrode Array for Use in Retinal Prosthesis (2010)

A novel Parylene-based shape-transferring technique was developed to fabricate 3-D microelectrodes, which fulfilled the requirements of the high-density microelectrode array (MEA) used in retinal prosthesis. A process combining anisotropic and isotropic etching was utilized to form the 3-D silicon-tip array whose shape was transferred to the Parylene C film as a flexible and biocompatible substrate. Platinum was chosen as the electrode material owing to its high charge delivery capacity and chemical inertness in the physiological environment. An aluminum-photoresist dual-layer lift-off process was employed for platinum patterning on the substrate with high tips. To avoid the cracking problem existing in the platinum-Parylene C structure, a gold intermediate layer was introduced to retard the tendency. To test the superiority of the present 3-D flexible MEA compared with the planar one, electrical properties of MEAs were characterized both <i xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">in vitro</i> and <i xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">in vivo</i> . The experimental results showed that the impedance of the 3-D electrode was about 72.7% of the planar one at 1 kHz with the same footprint <i xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">in vitro</i> , and 71.5% <i xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">in vivo</i> . The preliminary surgical experiment validated the feasibility of the 3-D MEA in retinal prosthesis.
The Role of Carbohydrates in the Induction of the Acrosome Reaction in Mouse Spermatozoa1 (1999)

Capacitated acrosome-intact mouse spermatozoa bind to the egg's zona pellucida in a receptor-ligand-mediated manner. Mouse zona pellucida 3 (mZP3) is a glycoprotein that functions as a primary ligand and inducer of the acrosome reaction (AR). Multiple sugar residues on mZP3 are thought to be recognized by complementary sugar binding enzymes (glycosidases or glycosyltransferases) or sugar binding lectin-like proteins on the sperm surface. To elucidate the nature of the sugar residues involved in sperm-egg recognition, several neoglycoproteins (ngps) were tested for their ability to induce the AR. Ngps are synthetic glycoproteins with a known monosaccharide conjugated to BSA. Capacitated mouse spermatozoa were treated in the absence or presence of several concentrations of ngps. A significantly greater number of spermatozoa underwent the AR in the presence of mannose-BSA, N-acetylglucosamine-BSA, and N-acetylgalactosamine-BSA than in their absence. Glucose-BSA or galactose-BSA had no effect on the AR. Inclusion of millimolar concentrations of unconjugated sugars (mannose, N-acetylglucosamine, or N-acetylgalactosamine) neither induced the AR nor blocked induction of the AR by ngps. These results demonstrate that some sugar residues can induce the AR, but only when conjugated to a protein backbone. Glucosaminyl-BSA (but not mannosyl-BSA or galactosaminyl-BSA) was a substrate for sperm-surface galactosyltransferase (GT), an enzyme thought to function as a receptor by binding to complementary glucosaminyl residues on mZP3. These data suggest a possible interaction between protein-conjugated glucosaminyl residues and sperm GT in the induction of the AR.