gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
GIS and Multicriteria Analysis to Evaluate and Map Erosion and Landslide Hazards (2001)

A rich georeferenced data base on a flood event in the north west of Italy and the knowl- edge of experts from the different involved disciplines have been used as the basis for the applica- tion of an outranking method, ELECTRE III, oriented to the structuring and validation of consistent multicriteria models for hazard evaluation. The models were developed with the aim of explaining the multidimensional nature of slope instability and erosion phenomena in the study area and to help in the definition of a hazard map using criteria which synthesize different interpretations of these phenomena. The integrated use of multicriteria modeling and data analysis, in a GIS analysis context, resulted in a deeper insight into these natural phenomena and could be the proposal of a more 'flexible' information system oriented towards decision aiding.
Key-Based Dynamic Functional Obfuscation of Integrated Circuits Using Sequentially Triggered Mode-Based Design (2017)

This paper proposes a novel technique for hardware obfuscation termed dynamic functional obfuscation. Hardware obfuscation refers to a set of countermeasures used against IC counterfeiting and illegal overproduction. Traditionally, obfuscation encrypts semiconductor circuits using key inputs which must be set to a correct value to operate the circuit correctly. By keeping the key values secret during the manufacturing process, any attempt by unauthorized parties to overproduce chips or pirate designs is thwarted. The proposed dynamic technique differs from existing fixed obfuscation schemes as the obfuscating signals change over time. This results in inconsistent circuit behavior upon input of incorrect key, where the chip operates correctly sometimes and fails sometimes. The advantage of dynamic obfuscation is that it results in stronger obfuscation by increasing the time complexity of deciphering the correct key using brute-force attack, even with shorter keys. Moreover, the dynamic nature of these circuits also makes them resistant to reverse engineering and SAT solver-based attacks. To achieve dynamic obfuscation, ideas from hardware Trojan literature and sequentially triggered counters are utilized. A demonstration of obfuscation on sequential circuits implementing fast Fourier transform (FFT) algorithm and Ethernet IP shows low overall area and power overheads of less than 1%. Security in terms of time to attack for the FFT circuit (for a key size of 30 bits and a system operating at 100 MHz) is increased to 1021,055 years using dynamic obfuscation compared with only 5.36 s using fixed obfuscation schemes. For the Ethernet IP core, time to attack of dynamic obfuscation with a key size of 32 bits is 1046,423,135 years compared with 21.47s with fixed obfuscation. It is also shown that for a key size of K bits, the lower bound for time to attack using brute-force is proportional to K2 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">K</sup> and K2 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2K</sup> for the proposed design using one and two random number generators, respectively.
Ozonation of Municipal Wastewater Effluents (2002)

The increasing use of ozone in the treatment of municipal wastewater effluents has been stimulated by the need to achieve higher effluent quality and greater compliance with physicochemical and microbiological quality standards before discharge. These standards are applied when the effluent may pose a risk to the public through direct contact and where the effluent is used for agricultural purposes or water reclamation. Although various alternative technologies exist for upgrading wastewater effluents, ozone treatment may be the most appropriate approach in particular cases. This review summarizes the current status of the use of ozone for treating municipal effluents with respect to disinfection efficiency, its effect on the treatability of the effluent and on aggregate effluent parameters, the potential for the formation of ozonation byproducts, and its effect on the toxicity and mutagenicity of the effluent. The importance of treatment conditions (e.g., contact time) is also reviewed.
Is UK transnational education 'one of Britain's great growth industries of the future'? (2013)

Against the backdrop of unprecedented growth in the global demand for higher education, the UK government has recognised that there is a huge potential market beyond conventional ‘export education ’, if its universities can find ways of providing ‘transnational education’ (TNE) to the millions of foreign students unable or unwilling to travel to the UK. This paper tests the thesis that TNE represents ‘one of Britain’s great growth industries of the future’. For TNE to flourish, three conditions need to be satisfied, namely: that there is already a strong base of UK TNE activity and expertise on which to build; second, that there will be continuing growth in demand for UK TNE; and finally, that UK universities have the capability and willingness to expand supply to meet any future growth in demand. It finds little evidence to support the thesis that TNE is, in fact, likely to be a great growth industry and highlights the dangers for policymakers of setting objectives in the absence of a strong evidence base about current capabilities and future market trends.
Different Effects of Baicalein, Baicalin and Wogonin on Mitochondrial Function, Glutathione Content and Cell Cycle Progression in Human Hepatoma Cell Lines (2002)

The effects of the flavonoids from Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi (baicalein, baicalin and wogonin) in cultured human hepatoma cells (Hep G2, Hep 3B and SK-Hep1) were compared by MTT assay and flow cytometry. All three flavonoids dose-dependently decreased the cell viabilities accompanying the collapse of mitochondrial membrane potential and the depletion of glutathione content. However, the influence of baicalein, baicalin or wogonin on cell cycle progression was different. All three flavonoids resulted in prominent increase of G2/M population in Hep G2 cells, whereas an accumulation of sub G1 (hypoploid) peak in Hep 3B cells was observed. In SK-Hep1 cells, baicalein and baicalin resulted in dramatic boost in hypoploid peak, but wogonin made mainly in G1 phase accumulation. These data, together with the previous findings in other hepatoma cell lines, suggest that baicalein, baicalin and wogonin might be effective candidates for inducing apoptosis or inhibiting proliferation in various human hepatoma cell lines.
Real-time adaptive advertising1 framework based on MPEG-21 for multi-screen IPTV environment (2012)

This paper presents an advertising framework to ensure the targeted advertisement service for heterogeneous IPTV client devices with different capabilities and subscribers with different preferences by providing advertisement content selection and filtering mechanism in real time. To support adaptive advertisement service in multi-screen IPTV service environment, we suggest a new advertising framework using XML schema based on MPEG-21 DIDL (Digital Item Declaration Language).
Two-dimensional IIR filters for exact reconstruction in tree-structured sub-band decomposition (1987)

A procedure for exact reconstruction of a two-dimensional signal after a tree-structured sub-band decomposition is presented. The use of two-dimensional IIR filters derived from one-dimensional allpass building blocks, allowing separable processing along the diagonals, is described.
Reservoir-parameter identification using minimum relative entropy-based Bayesian inversion of seismic AVA and marine CSEM data (2006)

Abstract A stochastic joint-inversion approach for estimating reservoir-fluid saturations and porosity is proposed. The approach couples seismic amplitude variation with angle (AVA) and marine controlled-source electromagnetic (CSEM) forward models into a Bayesian framework, which allows for integration of complementary information. To obtain minimally subjective prior probabilities required for the Bayesian approach, the principle of minimum relative entropy (MRE) is employed. Instead of single-value estimates provided by deterministic methods, the approach gives a probability distribution for any unknown parameter of interest, such as reservoir-fluid saturations or porosity at various locations. The distribution means, modes, and confidence intervals can be calculated, providing a more complete understanding of the uncertainty in the parameter estimates. The approach is demonstrated using synthetic and field data sets. Results show that joint inversion using seismic and EM data gives better estimates of reservoir parameters than estimates from either geophysical data set used in isolation. Moreover, a more informative prior leads to much narrower predictive intervals of the target parameters, with mean values of the posterior distributions closer to logged values.
Release of Neuronal HMGB1 by Ethanol through Decreased HDAC Activity Activates Brain Neuroimmune Signaling (2020)

Neuroimmune gene induction is involved in many brain pathologies including addiction. Although increased expression of proinflammatory cytokines has been found in ethanol-treated mouse brain and rat brain slice cultures as well as in post-mortem human alcoholic brain, the mechanisms remain elusive. High-mobility group box 1 (HMGB1) protein is a nuclear protein that has endogenous cytokine-like activity. We previously found increased HMGB1 in post-mortem alcoholic human brain as well as in ethanol treated mice and rat brain slice cultures. The present study investigated the mechanisms for ethanol-induced release of HMGB1 and neuroimmune activation in a model of rat hippocampal-entorhinal cortex (HEC) brain slice cultures. Ethanol exposure triggered dose-dependent HMGB1 release, predominantly from neuronal cells. Inhibitors of histone deacetylases (HDACs) promoted nucleocytoplasmic mobilization of HDAC1/4 and HMGB1 resulting in increased total HMGB1 and acetylated HMGB1 release. Similarly, ethanol treatment was found to induce the translocation of HDAC1/4 and HMGB1 proteins from nuclear to cytosolic fractions. Furthermore, ethanol treatment reduced HDAC1/4 mRNA and increased acetylated HMGB1 release into the media. These results suggest decreased HDAC activity may be critical in regulating acetylated HMGB1 release from neurons in response to ethanol. Ethanol and HMGB1 treatment increased mRNA expression of proinflammatory cytokines TNFα and IL-1β as well as toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4). Targeting HMGB1 or microglial TLR4 by using siRNAs to HMGB1 and TLR4, HMGB1 neutralizing antibody, HMGB1 inhibitor glycyrrhizin and TLR4 antagonist as well as inhibitor of microglial activation all blocked ethanol-induced expression of proinflammatory cytokines TNFα and IL-1β. These results support the hypothesis that ethanol alters HDACs that regulate HMGB1 release and that danger signal HMGB1 as endogenous ligand for TLR4 mediates ethanol-induced brain neuroimmune signaling through activation of microglial TLR4. These findings provide new therapeutic targets for brain neuroimmune activation and alcoholism.
Reaction of 3‐(1‐Arylsulfonylalkyl)‐indoles with Easily Enolisable Derivatives Promoted by Potassium Fluoride on Basic Alumina (2007)

Abstract Active methylene compounds and nitro derivatives react with 3‐(1‐arylsulfonylalkyl)‐indoles in the presence of potassium fluoride on basic alumina at room temperature leading to the corresponding adducts in good yields. Under basic conditions, sulfonylindoles suffer elimination of arenesulfinic acid leading to an intermediate vinylogous imine that promptly adds stabilized carbanions. The obtained 3‐indolyl derivatives are pivotal intermediates for the synthesis of indole‐based alkaloids and amino acids.
<i>argE</i>-Encoded <i>N</i>-Acetyl-<scp>l</scp>-Ornithine Deacetylase from <i>Escherichia </i><i>c</i><i>oli </i>Contains a Dinuclear Metalloactive Site (2005)

The catalytic and structural properties of the argE-encoded N-acetyl-L-ornithine deacetylase (ArgE) from Escherichia coli were investigated. On the basis of kinetic and ITC (isothermal titration calorimetry) data, Zn(II) binds to ArgE with Kd values that differ by approximately 20 times. Moreover, ArgE exhibits approximately 90% of its full catalytic activity upon addition of one metal ion. Therefore, ArgE behaves similarly to the aminopeptidase from Aeromonas proteolytica (AAP) in that one metal ion is the catalytic metal ion while the second likely plays a structural role. The N-acetyl-L-ornithine (NAO) deacetylase activity of ArgE showed a linear temperature dependence from 20 to 45 degrees C, indicating that the rate-limiting step does not change over this temperature range. The activation energy for NAO hydrolysis by ArgE was 25.6 kJ/mol when loaded with Zn(II) and 34.3 kJ/mol when loaded with Co(II). Electronic absorption and EPR (electron paramagnetic resonance) spectra of [Co x (ArgE)] and [CoCo(ArgE)] indicate that both divalent metal binding sites are five coordinate. In addition, EPR data show clear evidence of spin-spin coupling between the Co(II) ions in the active site but only after addition of a second equivalent of Co(II). Combination of these data provides the first physical evidence that the ArgE from E. coli contains a dinuclear Zn(II) active site, similar to AAP and the carboxypeptidase G2 from Pseudomonas sp. strain RS-16 (CPG2).
The dependence of overwrite on non-linear transition shift (1997)

Overwrite (OW) is a function of both the density of the low frequency pattern and the density of the high frequency pattern. The dependence of overwrite on high frequency pattern density is due to interactions of hard transition shift with non-linear transition shift (NLTS) to produce timing modulation which is greater than the sum of these separate effects. Experimental results show that this interaction can degrade overwrite performance by as much as 6 dB.
Molecular beam epitaxial growth of single-crystal Fe films on GaAs (1981)

Molecular beam epitaxy methods have been used to grow good quality magnetic single-crystal films of bcc Fe on fcc GaAs substrates. These films were characterized by Auger, reflection high energy electron diffraction (RHEED) and ferromagnetic resonance (FMR) techniques. Both RHEED and FMR indicate that the best crystal quality occurs for substrate temperatures in the 175–225 °C range. For 200-Å films the Fe surface lattice constant agrees with that of bulk α-Fe.
Two-level hardware/software partitioning using CoDe-X (2002)

The paper presents a two level hardware/software partitioning strategy of a co-design framework (CoDe-X) using an Xputer as an accelerator with a reconfigurable datapath. CoDe-X accepts C programs and carries out both profiling-driven host/accelerator partitioning and (2nd level) resource-parameter-driven sequential/structural partitioning of the accelerator source code to optimize the utilization of its reconfigurable datapath resources.
Ultra-wideband Multi-phase Clock Generation for 200+GS/s Time Interleaved ADCs (2019)

This thesis investigated multi-phase clock generation circuits for next generation fiber-optic receivers that employ high-speed, 200+GS/s, time-interleaved ADCs. A DC-to-62GHz 4-phase quadrature generator for clock signals with 25% duty cycle was fabricated in a production 55nm SiGe BiCMOS technology and consumed only 178mW. The measured output signals remained in quadrature up to 62 GHz they maintained a duty cycle of 25-26% up to 30GHz and increased up to 33% at 50GHz, beyond which measurements were impacted by the test equipment bandwidth. To the best of the author's knowledge, this is the highest frequency 4-phase 25% duty cycle clock generator in silicon. The use of said clock generator to drive the analog front-end of a DC-to-200+GS/s time-interleaved ADC was investigated. The circuit demonstrated a simulated multi-tone SNDR of over 31.6dB with 54GHz input bandwidth and consumed a total of 442mW.
A distributed firewall and active response architecture providing preemptive protection (2008)

Firewalls provide very good network security features. However, classical perimeter firewall deployments suffer from limitations due to complex network topologies and the inability to completely trust insiders of the network. Distributed firewalls are designed for alleviating these limitations. Intrusion detection is a mature technology and is very powerful when coupled with active response, which is the act of responding to intrusions without the need of human advisory. This paper describes an architecture that implements a distributed firewall with distributed active response. A fundamental result of the architecture is that it can provide proactive and preemptive security for hosts that deploy the system. Using the open-source software framework, the software implementing this proposed system will be provided to the research community so that the architecture can be extended by other researchers and so that newcomers to network security can start investigating security concepts quickly.
Shape-Selective Oxidation of Benzylic Alcohols by a Receptor Functionalized with a Dicopper(II) Pyrazole Complex (1994)

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Experimental and Analytical Characterization of Drop Impact Behavior for a Mobile Haptic Actuator (2017)

Impact characterization of linear resonant actuator (LRA) is studied experimentally by newly developed drop tester, which can control various experimental uncertainty such as rotational moment, air resistance, secondary impact and so on. The feasibility of this test apparatus was verified by comparison with free fall test. By utilizing a high-speed camera and measuring the vibrational displacement of spring material, the impact behavior was captured and the damping ratio of the system was defined. Based on the above processes, the finite element model was established and the experimental and analytical results were successfully correlated. Finally, the damage of the system from impact loading can be expected by developed model and as a result, this research can improve the impact reliability of LRA.
Evolution of DNA sequence organization in mitochondrial genomes of <i>Zea</i> (1981)

Molecular mechanisms underlying the evolution of mtDNA in maize and three species of teosinte have been investigated. By using DNA transfer techniques and cloned fragments of maize mtDNA, changes in the position of homologous sequences in restriction digests were analyzed in related taxa. The resulting patterns indicate general conservation of sequence homology in all four species. One-third of the cloned fragments showed sequences conserved in homology and position of BamHI restriction fragments. Other fragments produced patterns indicating that extensive rearrangement of DNA sequences has taken place. In two cases, hybridization patterns revealed major changes in relative abundance of specific sequences that we believe are related to the molecular heterogeneity phenomenon of maize mtDNA. The evolution of mtDNA in these plants appears dramatically different from that in animal mtDNA, where base substitutions may account for most of the observed changes in restriction patterns.
Automatic microseismic denoising and onset detection using the synchrosqueezed continuous wavelet transform (2016)

ABSTRACT Typical microseismic data recorded by surface arrays are characterized by low signal-to-noise ratios (S/Ns) and highly nonstationary noise that make it difficult to detect small events. Currently, array or crosscorrelation-based approaches are used to enhance the S/N prior to processing. We have developed an alternative approach for S/N improvement and simultaneous detection of microseismic events. The proposed method is based on the synchrosqueezed continuous wavelet transform (SS-CWT) and custom thresholding of single-channel data. The SS-CWT allows for the adaptive filtering of time- and frequency-varying noise as well as offering an improvement in resolution over the conventional wavelet transform. Simultaneously, the algorithm incorporates a detection procedure that uses the thresholded wavelet coefficients and detects an arrival as a local maxima in a characteristic function. The algorithm was tested using a synthetic signal and field microseismic data, and our results have been compared with conventional denoising and detection methods. This technique can remove a large part of the noise from small-amplitudes signal and detect events as well as estimate onset time.
An <i>Ab Initio</i> Study of At<sub>2</sub> Antagonists (2008)

In this study we report ab initio molecular orbital calculations on the natural hormone angiotensin II, which induces activity at AT1/AT2 receptor subtypes leading to vasoconstriction and subsequent hypertension, and AT2 antagonists. Pharmacophoric features of AT2 antagonists have been studied. A model of AT2 receptor has been made, and angiotensin II as well as antagonists has been systematically docked and their interactions with the receptor analyzed. Calculated ligand-receptor interaction energies have been correlated with experimentally observed biological potency data. Our studies indicate that antagonists retain sufficient interactions to block the receptor but may not be adequate to induce activity at the receptor. A poor antagonist is, therefore, proposed as a close mimic of angiotensin II in terms of interacting with the receptor. These studies further explore the mechanistic aspects of this important class of drugs.