gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Scheduling for embedded real-time systems (1998)

The authors review several approaches to control-oriented and dataflow-oriented software scheduling to determine whether a given technique can satisfy deadlines, throughput, and other constraints for embedded real-time systems.
Design, Synthesis, and Anti-RNA Virus Activity of 6′-Fluorinated-Aristeromycin Analogues (2019)

The 6'-fluorinated aristeromycins were designed as dual-target antiviral compounds aimed at inhibiting both the viral RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp) and the host cell <i>S</i>-adenosyl-l-homocysteine (SAH) hydrolase, which would indirectly target capping of viral RNA. The introduction of a fluorine at the 6'-position enhanced the inhibition of SAH hydrolase and the activity against RNA viruses. The adenosine and <i>N</i><sup>6</sup>-methyladenosine analogues <b>2a-e</b> showed potent inhibition against SAH hydrolase, while only the adenosine derivatives <b>2a-c</b> exhibited potent antiviral activity against all tested RNA viruses such as Middle East respiratory syndrome-coronavirus (MERS-CoV), severe acute respiratory syndrome-coronavirus, chikungunya virus, and/or Zika virus. 6',6'-Difluoroaristeromycin (<b>2c</b>) showed the strongest antiviral effect for MERS-CoV, with a ∼2.5 log reduction in infectious progeny titer in viral load reduction assay. The phosphoramidate prodrug <b>3a</b> also demonstrated potent broad-spectrum antiviral activity, possibly by inhibiting the viral RdRp. This study shows that 6'-fluorinated aristeromycins can serve as starting points for the development of broad-spectrum antiviral agents that target RNA viruses.
A photolabile protection strategy for terminal alkynes (2013)

We present a strategy for photolabile protection of terminal alkynes. Several photo-caged alcohols were synthesized via mild copper(II)-catalyzed substitution between tertiary propargylic alcohols and 2-nitrobenzyl alcohol to build up robust, base stable o-nitrobenzyl (NB) photo-cleavable compounds. We compare the new photolabile protecting group with the commonly used alkyne protecting group, 2-methyl-3-butyn-2-ol and the results show that NB ethers are stable under the cleaving conditions for the cleavage of methylbutynol protected alkynes. Additionally, we present the synthesis of photo-cleavable NB derivatives containing thiol groups that can serve as agents for photoinduced surface functionalization reactions.
<i>Ortho</i>‐TMS Benzaldehyde: An Effective Linchpin for Type II Anion Relay Chemistry (ARC) (2008)

ARC de triomphe: Ortho-TMS benzaldehyde permits efficient multicomponent union of a variety of nucleophiles and electrophiles, including the first example of a Pd-mediated ARC Type II process. A “proof-of-concept” synthetic sequence was designed and implemented for construction of a focused library of “natural product-like” compounds (see scheme). ARC: anion relay chemistry. Supporting information for this article is available on the WWW under http://www.wiley-vch.de/contents/jc_2002/2008/z802301_s.pdf or from the author. Please note: The publisher is not responsible for the content or functionality of any supporting information supplied by the authors. Any queries (other than missing content) should be directed to the corresponding author for the article.
Local vs systemic corticosteroids in the treatment of carpal tunnel syndrome (2001)

The authors compared the effectiveness of low-dose, short-term oral prednisolone vs local methylprednisolone injection in a prospective, double-blinded, parallel treatment study of carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS). A single injection of 15 mg methylprednisolone resulted in significant improvement in global symptom scores over a 12-week period. This study demonstrated the superiority of local steroid injection to oral steroid in the treatment of CTS.
Invisible Engines (2006)

Harnessing the power of software platforms: what executives and entrepreneurs must know about how to use this technology to transform industries and how to develop the strategies that will create value and drive profits. Software platforms are the invisible engines that have created, touched, or transformed nearly every major industry for the past quarter century. They power everything from mobile phones and automobile navigation systems to search engines and web portals. They have been the source of enormous value to consumers and helped some entrepreneurs build great fortunes. And they are likely to drive change that will dwarf the business and technology revolution we have seen to this point. Invisible Engines examines the business dynamics and strategies used by firms that recognize the transformative power unleashed by this new revolution—a revolution that will change both new and old industries. The authors argue that in order to understand the successes of software platforms, we must first understand their role as a technological meeting ground where application developers and end users converge. Apple, Microsoft, and Google, for example, charge developers little or nothing for using their platforms and make most of their money from end users; Sony PlayStation and other game consoles, by contrast, subsidize users and make more money from developers, who pay royalties for access to the code they need to write games. More applications attract more users, and more users attract more applications. And more applications and more users lead to more profits. Invisible Engines explores this story through the lens of the companies that have mastered this platform-balancing act. It offers detailed studies of the personal computer, video game console, personal digital assistant, smart mobile phone, and digital media software platform industries, focusing on the business decisions made by industry players to drive profits and stay a step ahead of the competition. Shorter discussions of Internet-based software platforms provide an important glimpse into a future in which the way we buy, pay, watch, listen, learn, and communicate will change forever. An electronic version of this book is available under a Creative Commons license.
Quantifying Bulk and Surface Recombination Processes in Nanostructured Water Splitting Photocatalysts via In Situ Ultrafast Spectroscopy (2015)

A quantitative description of recombination processes in nanostructured semiconductor photocatalysts-one that distinguishes between bulk (charge transport) and surface (chemical reaction) losses-is critical for advancing solar-to-fuel technologies. Here we present an in situ experimental framework that determines the bias-dependent quantum yield for ultrafast carrier transport to the reactive interface. This is achieved by simultaneously measuring the electrical characteristics and the subpicosecond charge dynamics of a heterostructured photoanode in a working photoelectrochemical cell. Together with direct measurements of the overall incident-photon-to-current efficiency, we illustrate how subtle structural modifications that are not perceivable by conventional X-ray diffraction can drastically affect the overall photocatalytic quantum yield. We reveal how charge carrier recombination losses occurring on ultrafast time scales can limit the overall efficiency even in nanostructures with dimensions smaller than the minority carrier diffusion length. This is particularly true for materials with high carrier concentration, where losses as high as 37% are observed. Our methodology provides a means of evaluating the efficacy of multifunctional designs where high overall efficiency is achieved by maximizing surface transport yield to near unity and utilizing surface layers with enhanced activity.
Regulation of Lef-mediated Transcription and p53-dependent Pathway by Associating β-Catenin with CBP/p300 (2000)

CBP and its homologue p300 play significant roles in cell differentiation, cell cycle, and anti-oncogenesis. We demonstrated that beta-catenin, recently known as a potent oncogene, and CBP/p300 are associated through its CH3 region, which is a primary target of adenoviral oncoprotein E1A and various nuclear proteins, such as p53, cyclin E, and AP-1, and both are colocalized in the nuclear bodies. CBP/p300 potentiated Lef-mediated transactivation of beta-catenin, and E1A, a potent inhibitor of CBP/p300, repressed its transactivation. Furthermore, overexpression of stable beta-catenin mutant competitively suppressed the p53-dependent pathway. These may be a key mechanism of beta-catenin involved in oncogenic events underlying disruption of tumor suppressor function through CBP/p300.
Extremophiles and their adaptation to hot environments (1999)

Water-containing terrestrial, subterranean and submarine high temperature areas harbor a variety of hyperthermophilic bacteria and archaea which are able to grow optimally above 80 degrees C. Hyperthermophiles are adapted to hot environments by their physiological and nutritional requirements. As a consequence, cell components like proteins, nucleic acids and membranes have to be stable and even function best at temperatures around 100 degrees C. The chemolithoautotrophic archaeon Pyrolobus fumarii is able to grow at 113 degrees C and, therefore, represents the upper temperature border of life. For the first time, (vegetative) cultures of Pyrolobus and Pyrodictium are able to survive autoclaving.
A 30-GHz 1-W power HEMT (1987)

Millimeter-wave power high electron mobility transistors (HEMT's) employing a multiple-channel structure have been fabricated and evaluated in the R-band frequency range. An output power of 1.0 W (a saturated output power of 1.2 W) with 3.1-dB gain and 15.6-percent efficiency was achieved at 30 GHz with a 0.5-µm gate-length and 2.4-mm gate-periphery device. At 35 GHz, a 2.4-mm device delivered 0.8 W with 2.0-dB gain and 10.7-percent efficiency. These are the highest output power figures reported to date for single-chip power FET's in the 30-GHz frequency range.
Burden of Disease in Chronic Rhinosinusitis with Nasal Polyps (2021)

Chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps (CRSwNP) is a predominantly type 2 inflammation-mediated disease of the nasal mucosa and paranasal sinuses with an under-recognized clinical, humanistic, and economic burden. Patients with CRSwNP experience a high symptom burden, including nasal congestion, loss of smell, and rhinorrhea, which has a negative impact on physical and mental health-related quality of life, including sleep quality. Existing medical and surgical interventions, including local and systemic corticosteroids and endoscopic sinus surgery, may be associated with recurrence of nasal polyps and associated symptoms and with an increased risk of short- and long-term adverse effects, especially with repeated or long-term use. Because type 2 inflammation is implicated in the pathogenesis of several coexisting diseases, patients with CRSwNP often have comorbid asthma and/or nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug-exacerbated respiratory disease. These patients, as well as those with high corticosteroid use and/or sinonasal surgical history, have more severe disease and associated symptom burden and represent a difficult-to-treat population under the existing management paradigm. This article reviews the clinical, humanistic, and economic burden of CRSwNP; it highlights the unmet need for effective and safe CRSwNP therapies that effectively control symptoms and minimize recurrence by targeting the underlying type 2 inflammatory disease pathophysiology.
Thymic Stromal Lymphopoietin and Thymic Stromal Lymphopoietin–Conditioned Dendritic Cells Induce Regulatory T-Cell Differentiation and Protection of NOD Mice Against Diabetes (2008)

Our study demonstrates that TSLP re-established a tolerogenic immune response in NOD mice and protects from diabetes, suggesting that TSLP may have a therapeutic potential for the treatment of type 1 diabetes.
Logic programming reveals alteration of key transcription factors in multiple myeloma (2017)

Innovative approaches combining regulatory networks (RN) and genomic data are needed to extract biological information for a better understanding of diseases, such as cancer, by improving the identification of entities and thereby leading to potential new therapeutic avenues. In this study, we confronted an automatically generated RN with gene expression profiles (GEP) from a cohort of multiple myeloma (MM) patients and normal individuals using global reasoning on the RN causality to identify key-nodes. We modeled each patient by his or her GEP, the RN and the possible automatically detected repairs needed to establish a coherent flow of the information that explains the logic of the GEP. These repairs could represent cancer mutations leading to GEP variability. With this reasoning, unmeasured protein states can be inferred, and we can simulate the impact of a protein perturbation on the RN behavior to identify therapeutic targets. We showed that JUN/FOS and FOXM1 activities are altered in almost all MM patients and identified two survival markers for MM patients. Our results suggest that JUN/FOS-activation has a strong impact on the RN in view of the whole GEP, whereas FOXM1-activation could be an interesting way to perturb an MM subgroup identified by our method.
IFN-<i>gamma</i> stimulates IgG2a secretion by murine B cells stimulated with bacterial lipopolysaccharide. (1988)

rIFN-gamma strikingly enhances the secretion of IgG2a by murine splenic B cells stimulated with bacterial LPS in vitro and concomitantly suppresses the production of IgG3, IgG1, IgG2b, and IgE while sparing IgM secretion. IFN-gamma stimulates highly purified B cell populations to secrete IgG2a, strongly suggesting that it acts directly on B cells. It increases the frequency of precursors of IgG2a-expressing soft agar colonies and enhances the number of IgG2a+ cells in colonies indicating that it both increases the frequency of precursors of IgG2a+ cells and enhances the number of IgG2a+ daughter cells emerging from each precursor. IFN-gamma completes its action within the first 24 to 48 h of a 6-day culture with LPS and its addition cannot be delayed beyond the first 48 h. Preincubation of resting B cells in the presence of IFN-gamma leads to a time dependent increase, up to 42 h, in IgG2a secretion upon subsequent addition of LPS. IFN-gamma can exert this action on resting B cells that have been selected for absence of membrane IgG expression by cell sorting. The promotion of IgG2a secretion appears to be a specific property of IFN-gamma in that IFN-alpha, IFN-beta, IL-1, IL-2, IL-3, IL-4, IL-5, granulocyte-macrophage-CSF, granulocyte-CSF, and CSF-1 fail to enhance IgG2a secretion by LPS-stimulated B cells.
Analysis of accuracy of surveillance radar image overlay by using georeferencing method (2015)

Shore-based radars are the key element of vessel traffic management systems, such as the VTS. To present a true visualisation of the environment and location of radar-detected targets, a radar image needs appropriate calibration. The image itself may be subject to various distortions, including systemic ones. This paper presents a study of usefulness of various georeferencing methods in the determination of radar image distortions and assessment of the accuracy of surveillance radar image overlay.
Production and Characterization of Stable Superhydrophobic Surfaces Based on Copper Hydroxide Nanoneedles Mimicking the Legs of Water Striders (2006)

The present work reports a simple and economic route for production and characterization of stable superhydrophobic surfaces from thin copper layers coated on arbitrary solid substrates. The thin copper layer was anodized in a 2 M aqueous solution of potassium hydroxide to form a thin film of copper hydroxide nanoneedles; then the film was reacted with n-dodecanethiol to form a thermally stable Cu(SC12H25)2 superhydrophobic coating. The contact angle of the modified nanoneedle surface was higher than 150 degrees , and its tilt angle was smaller than 2 degrees . Furthermore, the surface fabricated on copper foil kept its superhydrophobic property after heating at 160 degrees C in air for over 42 h. This technique has also been applied for fabrication of copper wire with superhydrophobic submicrofiber coating to mimic water strider legs. The maximal supporting force of the superhydrophobic copper column has also been investigated in comparison to real water striders.
SOCIAL MEDIA—Risk Management (2012)

Approximately 8% of the world's population and 42.3% of the entire American population are on Facebook. About 9% of the adult U.S. internet population has used Twitter as of the end of 2010. More than 200 million people currently access Facebook through their mobile devices. LinkedIn has more than 100 million users worldwide. There are more than 2 billion video views on YouTube everyday. These staggering statistics point to the fact that social media is an integral part of our lives, and that it is here to stay.
Plasma-enhanced chemical vapor deposition of low-<i>k</i>dielectric films using methylsilane, dimethylsilane, and trimethylsilane precursors (2003)

Pulsed plasma-enhanced chemical vapor deposition from mixtures containing methylsilane (1MS), dimethylsilane (2MS), or trimethylsilane (3MS), systematically varied the methyl content in the resulting low dielectric constant films. The refractive index was found to depend strongly on methyl content but was relatively independent of the precursor used. However, the precursor used strongly impacted the local bonding structure of these organosilicate glass materials as revealed by Si29 nuclear magnetic resonance. The variations in local bonding structure did impact film hardness. No significant changes were found for the concentrations of CH3 and Si–CH3 after annealing and relative humidity treatment for all Si:O:C:H films grown from 1MS, 2MS and 3MS, which suggests that Si:O:C:H films have high thermal stability and very low moisture uptake. The dielectric constants of 2.4–2.6 were observed after annealing.
Enhanced methane yields from anaerobic digestion of Arthrospira maxima biomass in an advanced flow-through reactor with an integrated recirculation loop microbial fuel cell (2012)

A semi-continuously fed continuous stirred tank reactor (CSTR), advanced flow-through anaerobic reactor (AAR) and advanced flow-through anaerobic digester with an integrated recirculation loop microbial fuel cell (ADMFC) were investigated for the production of methane using Arthrospira maxima as the sole feedstock. The study demonstrated that the inclusion of a recirculation loop MFC increased the methane yields and so energy efficiency of anaerobic digestion of Arthrospira maxima biomass. The semi-continuously fed CSTR operating under a hydraulic retention time (HRT) of 10 days and an organic loading rate (OLR) of 0.5 g DW per L−1 d−1 concluded a maximum methane yield of 90 ± 19 mL CH4 per g VS with an energy efficiency of 17.1 ± 0.8%. The continuous phase AAR and ADMFC units were operated with HRTs ranging from 2 to 4 days and organic loading rates varying from 0.5 to 3 g DW L−1 d−1. The maximum methane yield and energy efficiency concluded from the ADMFC unit was 173 ± 38 mL CH4 per g VS and 29.7 ± 6.8% respectively, whilst that of the AAR was 136 ± 16 mL CH4 per g VS and 22.1 ± 2.6%.
Water-Soluble Fullerene Derivatives as Brain Medicine: Surface Chemistry Determines If They Are Neuroprotective and Antitumor (2017)

Delivering drugs to the central nervous system (CNS) is a major challenge in treating CNS-related diseases. Nanoparticles that can cross blood-brain barrier (BBB) are potential tools. In this study, water-soluble C<sub>60</sub> fullerene derivatives with different types of linkages between the fullerene cage and the solubilizing addend were synthesized (compounds 1-3: C-C bonds, compounds 4-5: C-S bonds, compound 6: C-P bonds, and compounds 7-9: C-N bonds). Fullerene derivatives 1-6 were observed to induce neural stem cell (NSC) proliferation in vitro and rescue the function of injured CNS in zebrafish. Fullerene derivatives 7-9 were found to inhibit glioblastoma cell proliferation in vitro and reduce glioblastoma formation in zebrafish. These effects were correlated with the cell metabolic changes. Particularly, compound 3 bearing residues of phenylbutiryc acids significantly promoted NSC proliferation and neural repair without causing tumor growth. Meanwhile, compound 7 with phenylalanine appendages significantly inhibited glioblastoma growth without retarding the neural repair. We conclude that the surface functional group determines the properties as well as the interactions of C<sub>60</sub> with NSCs and glioma cells, producing either a neuroprotective or antitumor effect for possible treatment of CNS-related diseases.
Optimal Swimming at Low Reynolds Numbers (2004)

Efficient swimming at low Reynolds numbers is a major concern of microbots. To compare the efficiencies of different swimmers we introduce the notion of "a swimming drag coefficient" which allows for the ranking of swimmers. We find the optimal swimmer within a certain class of two-dimensional swimmers using conformal mapping techniques.
Mammalian Embryo Culture in a Microfluidic Device (2004)

Over the last decade, the use of in vitro production of mammalian embryos and the utilization of assisted reproductive technologies (ART), such as non-surgical embryo transfer, cryopreservation, and intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI), has increased. However, the efficiencies of ART remain low. Currently, millions of couples in the United States are affected by infertility and seek treatment. More than 16,000 babies in the United States, each year are born using ART such as in vitro fertilization (IVF), assisted hatching, and ICSI (). A critical area for ART is culturing embryos and evaluating their morphology. There have been some advances made in embryo culture medium; however, the efficiency of embryo culture remains low. Additionally, embryo-handling techniques and tools for culture and evaluation have not changed for several years. The growth of miniaturization technologies toward miniature mechanical and fluidic systems has created opportunities for fresh examination of basic embryo physiology. There are many existing limitations in mammalian embryo-handling procedures that may be addressed with these new miniaturization technologies.
Mechanical properties of a hierarchical honeycomb with sandwich walls (2015)

The in-plane compressive collapse and fracture toughness of a hierarchical hexagonal honeycomb with sandwich walls consisting of corrugated cores are studied by using finite element method. Its near-optimal configuration is identified by maximizing its elastic limit, which is determined by three competing failure modes including plastic yielding of the larger struts, or elastic wrinkling of the face sheets of the larger struts, or elastic buckling of the smaller struts. The overall mechanical properties of the optimal hierarchical honeycomb, including the Young’s modulus, elastic limit, peak strength, and fracture toughness are obtained from finite element method simulation and compared with analytical predictions, and the discrepancy between the two is explained. The optimal hierarchical honeycomb is found to be superior to its equivalent mass first-order honeycomb in all the mechanical properties listed above when the relative density is low (about 10%). Moreover, the Young’s modulus, elastic limit and peak strength under plastic failure mode, and the fracture toughness of this optimal hierarchical honeycomb are shown to depend linearly upon its relative density. This paper provides additional insights into hierarchical cellular materials.