gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Modeling and Experimental Study of Porous Carbon Cathodes in Li-O2 Cells with Non-Aqueous Electrolyte (2013)

We performed mathematical modeling and experimental study of porous carbon air cathodes in Li-O2 cells having a non-aqueous electrolyte based on dimethylformamide (DMF). Using the method of standard contact porosimetry, we characterized the porous structure of undischarged, partially discharged, and fully discharged Ketjenblack carbon black-based air cathodes and determined that deposition of solid discharge product occurs within small mesopores with radii of up to 10 nm. We propose a novel mathematical model of air cathode, which takes into account its porous structure and accurately describes the discharge behavior of Li-O2 cells with the DMF-based electrolyte.
Metal-Ion Additives Reduce Thermal Expansion Of Polyimides (1994)

Polyimides widely used as high-performance polymers because of their excellent thermal stability and toughness. However, their coefficients of thermal expansion (CTE's) greater than those of metals, ceramics, and glasses. Decreasing CTE's of polyimides increase usefulness for aerospace and electronics applications in which dimensional stability required. Additives containing metal ions reduce coefficients of thermal expansion of polyimides. Reductions range from 11 to over 100 percent.
<title>Adaptive vector quantization with fuzzy distortion measure for image coding</title> (1996)

Despite the proven superiority of vector quantization (VQ) over scalar quantization (SQ) in terms of rate distortion theory, currently existing vector quantization algorithms, still, suffer from several practical drawbacks, such as codebook initialization, long search-process, and optimization of the distortion measure. We present a new adaptive vector quantization algorithm that uses a fuzzy distortion measure to find a globally optimum codebook. The generation of codebooks is facilitated by a self-organizing neural network-based clustering that eliminates adhoc assignment of the codebook size as required by standard statistical clustering. In addition, a multiresolution wavelet decomposition of the original image enhances the process of codebook generation. Preliminary results using standard monochrome images demonstrate excellent convergence of the algorithm, significant bit rate reduction, and yield reconstructed images with high visual quality and good PSNR and MSE. Extension of this adaptive VQ to color image compression is currently under investigation.
Methane fermentation, submerged gas collection, and the fate of carbon in advanced integrated wastewater pond systems (1995)

Abstract There are several basic reasons for concern regarding the fate of carbonaceous material in waste stabilization ponds: accumulation of solids; performance and useful life of the pond system; and, the control of methane emissions. In conventional ponds methane fermentation is minimal, and carbon-rich organic matter is integrated by bacteria and microalgae which grow and settle. The integration of carbon decreases pond volume and treatment capacity and causes the ponds to age prematurely, to produce odor, and to require frequent sludge removal; and, any methane produced escapes to the atmosphere. However, if carbon-rich organics are efficiently converted to methane or to harvested microalgae, the pond system will continue to treat wastewater effectively for an extended period of time. Advanced Integrated Wastewater Pond Systems (AIWPSs) developed at the University of California fully utilize methane fermentation and microalgal cultivation to treat wastewater and to reclaim energy and nutrients. First generation AIWPSs have provided reliable municipal sewage treatment at St. Helena and Hollister, California, for 28 and 16 years, respectively, without the need for sludge removal. However, these first generation systems lack the facilities to recover and utilize the carbon-rich treatment byproducts of methane and algal biomass. The recovery of methane using a submerged gas collector was demonstrated using a second generation AIWPS prototype at the University of California, Berkeley, and the optimization of in-pond methane fermentation, the growth of microalgae in High Rate Ponds, and the harvest of microalgae by sedimentation and dissolved air flotation were studied. Preliminary data are presented to quantify the fate of carbon in the second generation AIWPS prototype and to estimate the fate of carbon in a full-scale, 200 MLD second generation AIWPS treating municipal sewage. In the experimental system, 17% of the influent organic carbon was recovered as methane, and an average of 6 g C/m 2 /d were assimilated into harvestable algal biomass. In a full-scale second generation AIWPS in a climate comparable to Richmond, California located at 37° N latitude, these values would be significantly higher — as much as 30% of the influent organic carbon would be recovered as methane and as much as 10 g C/m 2 /d would be assimilated by microalgae. These efficiencies would increase further in warmer climates with more abundant sunlight.
Affibody-mediated PET imaging of HER3 expression in malignant tumours (2015)

Human epidermal growth factor receptor 3 (HER3) is involved in the progression of various cancers and in resistance to therapies targeting the HER family. In vivo imaging of HER3 expression would enable patient stratification for anti-HER3 immunotherapy. Key challenges with HER3-targeting are the relatively low expression in HER3-positive tumours and HER3 expression in normal tissues. The use of positron-emission tomography (PET) provides advantages of high resolution, sensitivity and quantification accuracy compared to SPECT. Affibody molecules, imaging probes based on a non-immunoglobulin scaffold, provide high imaging contrast shortly after injection. The aim of this study was to evaluate feasibility of PET imaging of HER3 expression using (68)Ga-labeled affibody molecules. The anti-HER3 affibody molecule HEHEHE-Z08698-NOTA was successfully labelled with (68)Ga with high yield, purity and stability. The agent bound specifically to HER3-expressing cancer cells in vitro and in vivo. At 3 h pi, uptake of (68)Ga-HEHEHE-Z08698-NOTA was significantly higher in xenografts with high HER3 expression (BT474, BxPC-3) than in xenografts with low HER3 expression (A431). In xenografts with high expression, tumour-to-blood ratios were >20, tumour-to-muscle >15, and tumour-to-bone >7. HER3-positive xenografts were visualised using microPET 3 h pi. In conclusion, PET imaging of HER3 expression is feasible using (68)Ga-HEHEHE-Z08698-NOTA shortly after administration.
Proteomic Evaluation of Archival Cytologic Material Using SELDI Affinity Mass Spectrometry (2002)

Proteomic studies of cells via surface-enhanced laser desorption/ionization spectrometry (SELDI) analysis have enabled rapid, reproducible protein profiling directly from crude samples. We applied this technique to archival cytology material to determine whether distinct, reproducible protein fingerprints could be identifiedfor potential diagnostic purposes in blinded specimens. Rapid Romanowsky-stained cytocentrifuged specimens from fine-needle aspirates of metastatic malignant melanoma (with both known cutaneous primary and unknown primary sites), clear cell sarcoma, and renal cell carcinoma and reactive effusions were examined using the SELDI technology. A unique characteristic fingerprint was identified for each disease entity. Fifteen "blinded" unknown samples then were analyzed. When the protein profilefingerprints were plotted against the known fingerprints for the aforementioned diagnoses, the appropriate match or diagnosis was obtained in 13 (87%) of 15 cases. These preliminary findings suggest a substantial potential for SELDI applications to specific pathologic diagnoses.
Comparison of grapheme-to-phoneme methods on large pronunciation dictionaries and LVCSR tasks (2012)

Grapheme-to-Phoneme conversion (G2P) is usually used within every state-of-the-art ASR system to generalize beyond a fixed set of words. Although the performance is typically already quite good (< 10% phoneme error rate) and pronunciations of important words are checked by a linguist, further improvements are still desirable, especially for end user customization. In this work, we present and compare five methods/tools to tackle the G2P task. Although most of the methods have already been published and/or are available as open source software, the reported experiments are done on large state-of-the-art tasks and the used software is from the actual publications. Besides an experimental comparison on text data for a range of languages (i.e. measuring the G2P accuracy only), our focus in this paper is measuring the effect of improved G2P modeling on LVCSR performance for a challenging ASR task. Additionally, the effect of using n-Best pronunciation variants instead of single best is investigated briefly.
Hardware-Efficient Monitoring of I/O Signals (2009)

In this invention, command and monitor functionality is moved between the two independent pieces of hardware, in which one had been dedicated to command and the other had been dedicated to monitor, such that some command and some monitor functionality appears in each. The only constraint is that the monitor for signal cannot be in the same hardware as the command I/O it is monitoring. The splitting of the command outputs between independent pieces of hardware may require some communication between them, i.e. an intra-switch trunk line. This innovation reduces the amount of wasted hardware and allows the two independent pieces of hardware to be designed identically in order to save development costs.
Learning nongenerative grammatical models for document analysis (2005)

We present a general approach for the hierarchical segmentation and labeling of document layout structures. This approach models document layout as a grammar and performs a global search for the optimal parse based on a grammatical cost function. Our contribution is to utilize machine learning to discriminatively select features and set all parameters in the parsing process. Therefore, and unlike many other approaches for layout analysis, ours can easily adapt itself to a variety of document analysis problems. One need only specify the page grammar and provide a set of correctly labeled pages. We apply this technique to two document image analysis tasks: page layout structure extraction and mathematical expression interpretation. Experiments demonstrate that the learned grammars can be used to extract the document structure in 57 files from the UWIII document image database. We also show that the same framework can be used to automatically interpret printed mathematical expressions so as to recreate the original LaTeX
A Highly Sensitive, Excimer‐Controlled Molecular Beacon (2010)

Nichtnucleosidische Chromophore im Stamm eines molekularen Leuchtfeuers („molecular beacon“) hemmen die Excimerfluoreszenz durch die Bildung eines Donor-Akzeptor-Komplexes (siehe Bild). Die ausgezeichnete Verringerung der Hintergrundfluoreszenz ermöglicht es, eine Ziel-DNA oder -RNA in Gegenwart eines deutlichen Überschusses der Sonde nachzuweisen.
Formal Fault Tree Analysis of State Transition Systems (2006)

Fault tree analysis (FTA) is a traditional deductive safety analysis technique that is applied during the system design stage. However, traditional FTA does not consider transitions between states, and it is difficult to decompose complex system fault events that are composed of multiple normal components' states rather than individual component failures. To solve these problems, we first propose two different fault events of fault trees, and then present a formal fault tree construction model by introducing the concept of transition rules for event decomposition, in which the semantics of gates and minimal cut sets of fault trees are revised compared with traditional FTA.
Polymorphism of <i>Bordetella pertussis</i> Isolates Circulating for the Last 10 Years in France, Where a Single Effective Whole-Cell Vaccine Has Been Used for More than 30 Years (2001)

We compared Bordetella pertussis isolates collected in France over the last 10 years, the vaccine strains used for more than 30 years, and isolates collected before the introduction of generalized vaccination. The analysis included serotyping, pulsed-field gel electrophoresis of chromosomal DNA after digestion with XbaI and SpeI, and sequencing of the pt S1 gene, encoding the S1 subunit of pertussis toxin, and the prn gene, encoding the adhesin pertactin. We found that the incidence of infection increases every 3 years. Ninety-five per cent of the isolates analyzed express type 3 fimbriae. Most of the isolates circulating since 1991, unlike the vaccinal strains, express a type A pertussis toxin and a type 2 pertactin. The isolates could be classified into five major groups by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis. Most of these groups correlated with the pertactin type expressed by the isolates. Pulsed-field gel electrophoresis is more discriminative than sequencing particular genes since it could differentiate isolates expressing type 2 pertactin into two subgroups: those circulating in 1993 to 1997 and those circulating in 1997 to 2001. This observation suggests that there has been continuous evolution of the B. pertussis population.
Detection of Mass Increase in a Fan Impeller With a Frequency Converter (2012)

Fan systems are often responsible for the ventilation of contaminated air, such as exhaust gases. Contaminants can build up on the fan impeller eventually causing a mechanical imbalance, which may lead to the fan breakdown and shutdown of production processes. Usually, the contamination buildup can be detected by visual inspection or from increased vibrations caused by the imbalance on the fan impeller. If the contamination buildup could be detected before the imbalance occurs, the unscheduled maintenance or even the failure of the fan system could be avoided. In this paper, a novel method is presented that can be used to detect the contamination buildup on the fan impeller. The method uses the capability of the frequency converter controlling the fan motor to estimate the rotational speed of the motor and the capability to control the motor torque. The presented method is validated by laboratory measurements.
High resolution x-ray diffraction methods for the structural characterisation of crystalline materials (1996)

Abstract A new high-resolution X-ray diffractometer is described which combines and enhances the flexibility of a 4-circle diffractometer with the possibility to use it as a bond camera and as grazing incidence surface diffractometer. The X-ray beam is strictly monochromatic (CuKα1) and focused with a long focal length on the sample. The beam diameter is adjustable between 0.05 mm and 5 mm. The sample goniometer can be rotated around three perpendicular axes with two rotation axes perpendicular to the direction of the incoming beam. The instruments are equipped with 1D and 2D detectors, their distance to the sample can be varied between 10 and 30 cm. The detectors themselves have additional degrees of freedom so that out-of-plane reflections can be measured. In our contribution we describe mainly the experimental methods connected with this special equipment which allows the characterisation of a wide variety of specimens (single crystals, thin films, and ceramic or powder materials).
Structural Diversity of the Major Surface Antigen of <i>Plasmodium falciparum</i> Merozoites (1986)

The structures of the major merozoite surface antigen of Plasmodium falciparum and the gene encoding it were indistinguishable for the Wellcome strain and the Thai clone T9/94 but different for clones T9/96, T9/98, and T9/101. The central portion of the gene is subject to the greatest variation in structure. The protein from all five lines was found to be posttranslationally modified by covalent addition of both carbohydrate and fatty acid.
Single-Dose Assay Technique for Variola Virus12 (1964)

A biological assay for variola virus was needed that would (i) require a minimum of time and (ii) have acceptable precision. Preliminary titrations made in 11-day-old embryonated eggs and in suckling mice (6 to 24 hr of age) demonstrated a linear relationship between the concentration of variola virus injected and the mean reciprocal time to death (MTD) of both hosts. This linear response indicated that the injection of a single dose of virus suspension and the measurement of the MTD should result in an acceptable assay method. Seven replicate samples of liquid preparations (20% chorioallantoic membrane in Heart Infusion Broth) and the freeze-dried material obtained with these suspensions were assayed in triplicate for pock infectious units and for MTD. The variance of the pock counts was far greater than was expected from a Poisson distribution, and coefficients of variation ranged from 25 to 61%. Variances obtained with the single-dilution assay were all far below that expected from a Poisson distribution, and coefficients of variations ranged from 5.2 to 13.6%. The use of the MTD assay resulted in a saving of time, a saving in the number of hosts necessary per assay, and increased precision.
Synthetic Zippers as an Enabling Tool for Engineering of Non‐Ribosomal Peptide Synthetases** (2021)

Abstract Non‐ribosomal peptide synthetases (NRPSs) are the origin of a wide range of natural products, including many clinically used drugs. Efficient engineering of these often giant biosynthetic machineries to produce novel non‐ribosomal peptides (NRPs) is an ongoing challenge. Here we describe a cloning and co‐expression strategy to functionally combine NRPS fragments of Gram‐negative and ‐positive origin, synthesising novel peptides at titres up to 220 mg L −1 . Extending from the recently introduced definition of e X change U nits (XUs), we inserted synthetic zippers (SZs) to split single protein NRPSs into independently expressed and translated polypeptide chains. These synthetic type of NRPS (type S) enables easier access to engineering, overcomes cloning limitations, and provides a simple and rapid approach to building peptide libraries via the combination of different NRPS subunits.
Elimination of quenching effects in luminescence spectrometry by phase resolution (1986)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTElimination of quenching effects in luminescence spectrometry by phase resolutionJ. N. Demas, Wesley M. Jones, and R. A. KellerCite this: Anal. Chem. 1986, 58, 8, 1717–1721Publication Date (Print):July 1, 1986Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 July 1986https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ac00121a026https://doi.org/10.1021/ac00121a026research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views87Altmetric-Citations8LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Novel Multimode Fiber for Narrowband Bragg Grating Response (2001)

We analyze, using finite element methods, a multimode fiber with propagation properties allowing a narrowband Bragg grating response. Simulations indicate a FWHM bandwidth of 10−4λ is possible when modes with low harmonic parameter are excited.
An Injection Molded Splice Connector With Silicon Chip Insert For Joining Optical Fiber Ribbons (1977)

A connector for splicing optical fiber ribbons has been developed and used to splice an optical cable in the Bell Telephone Laboratories manhole test facility in Atlanta, Georgia. As shown in Figure 1, this type of connector merges the advantages of two technologies by utilizing a mass producible polycarbonate injection molded connector body and cover plate to house a precision preferentially etched silicon chip. The grooves in the chip are used to align individual fibers in one ribbon with their respective mates in a second ribbon.
TBC1D1 is a candidate for a severe obesity gene and evidence for a gene/gene interaction in obesity predisposition (2006)

The molecular etiology of obesity predisposition is largely unknown. Here, we present evidence that genetic variation in TBC1D1 confers risk for severe obesity in females. We identified a coding variant (R125W) in TBC1D1 that segregated with the disease in 4p15-14-linked obesity pedigrees. In cases derived from pedigrees with the strongest linkage evidence, the variant was significantly associated with obesity (P=0.000007) and chromosomes carrying R125W accounted for the majority of the evidence that originally linked 4p15-14 with the disease. In addition, by selecting families that segregated R125W with obesity, we were able to generate highly significant linkage evidence for an obesity predisposition locus at 4q34-35. This result provides additional and confirming evidence that R125W affects obesity susceptibility, delimits the location of an obesity gene at 4q34-35 and identifies a gene/gene interaction that influences the risk for obesity predisposition. Finally, although the function of TBC1D1 is unknown, the protein is structurally similar to a known regulator of insulin-mediated Glut4 translocation.
Inline magnet inspection using fast high resolution MagCam magnetic field mapping and analysis (2011)

Driven by a clear industrial need for advanced inspection equipment for high-end permanent magnets for drives, sensors, medical applications, consumer electronics and other applications, we present a new magnetic measurement technology, called a `magnetic field camera', a powerful and unique measurement platform for fast and accurate live inspection of both uniaxial and multipole permanent magnets. It is based on high resolution - high speed 2D mapping of the magnetic field distribution, using a patented semiconductor chip with an integrated 2D array of over 16000 microscopic Hall sensors. The measured magnetic field maps are analyzed by powerful data analysis software which uses advanced algorithms to extract unprecedented magnet information from the MagCam measurements. All these quantitative magnet properties can be tested against user-defined quality tolerances for immediate and automated pass/fail or classification analyses, all in real time. The system can be remotely operated using standard industrial communication protocols for integration in production lines. Its applications include inspection of incoming magnets, automated inline magnet quality control and research and development of magnets and magnetic systems and more.
Nanoscale infrared spectroscopy (2010)

In the early days of scanning probe microscopy, researchers and instrumentation developers were often postulating about the future and, perhaps one day, the advent of the “lab-on-a-tip.” While the technology has seen the development of highly spatially resolved topography imaging coupled to a series of different physical measurements, it is only recently that is has been possible to perform chemical characterization measurements with infrared spectroscopy on the nanoscale. The enabling technique is known as nanoIR™.