gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Increased ethane exhalation, an in vivo index of lipid peroxidation, in alcohol-abusers. (1993)

Ethane exhalation was measured in 42 control subjects, 52 patients with various non-alcoholic liver diseases, and 89 alcohol abusers who had been admitted to hospital for alcohol withdrawal and assessment of liver disease (six with normal liver tests, 10 with steatosis with or without fibrosis, six with alcoholic hepatitis, 29 with cirrhosis, 34 with both cirrhosis and alcoholic hepatitis, and four with both cirrhosis and a hepatocellular carcinoma). Ethane exhalation was similar in control subjects and in patients with non-alcoholic liver diseases, but was five times higher in alcohol abusers. Ethane exhalation in alcohol abusers was significantly, but very weakly, correlated with the daily ethanol intake before hospital admission, and the histological score for steatosis, but not with the inflammation or alcoholic hepatitis scores. Ethane exhalation was inversely correlated with the duration of abstinence before the test. In nine alcoholic patients, the exhalation of ethane was measured repeatedly, and showed slow improvement during abstinence. Ethane exhalation was significantly but weakly correlated with the Pugh9s score in patients with alcoholic cirrhosis. It is concluded that the mean ethane exhalation is increased in alcohol abusers. One of the possible mechanisms may be the presence of oxidizable fat in the liver. The weak correlation with the Pugh9s score is consistent with the contribution of many other factors in the progression to severe liver disease.
A file structure for nonerasable media (2003)

A file system structure has been designed that is adapted to the peculiarities of write-once optical disk storage media. Key requirements are that the medium be consistent at all times and that large amounts of storage are not wasted in maintaining the directory information appropriate to a normal read/write file system. The file system is implemented in four layers. The first layer replaces the fixed sector-size characteristic of the medium with separate data and control streams composed of variable-length tagged records. The second layer defines data structures used by the control stream: file headers, a series of unmount records, and a journal of directory updates which are pending. The third layer implements a generalized file system (directories, etc.) containing common features of the four target systems: MS-DOS, Unix, VAX/VMS and Macintosh. The fourth layer is the operating system-specific adapter. The objective is to provide a common on-disk structure for all of these systems, while implementing the equivalent of a fully erasable file system. Efficiency of storage space usage and of file reading and writing time are equally important.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Resonance Raman scattering and optical absorption studies of CdSe microclusters at high pressure (1988)

The pressure dependence of the HOMO–LUMO transition energy and the frequency of the longest wavelength longitudinal optical vibration of 45 Å diameter CdSe clusters in methanol–ethanol solution have been measured up to 50 Kbar. The LO mode shifts to higher frequency at a rate of 0.43 cm−1/Kbar, which corresponds to a Grüneisen parameter of 1.1. The HOMO–LUMO transition shifts to higher energy at 4.5 meV/Kbar, yielding a deformation potential of 2.3 eV. The pressure dependence of these properties closely resemble those of the corresponding bulk solid, confirming the point of view that the lattice properties of these clusters resemble those of the bulk, even though the optical properties are quite distinct.
[Steroidal and nonsteroidal antiandrogens: chemical structures, mechanisms of action and clinical applications]. (1998)

Antiandrogens are defined as substances which prevent androgens from expressing their activity at target sites. Based on their chemical structures, antiandrogens are divided into steroidal and nonsteroidal antiandrogens. In addition to antiandrogenic action, steroidal antiandrogens simulate the negative feedback inhibition of the hypothalamus, resulting in lowering the concentration of plasma testosterone. On the other hand, in nonsteroidal antiandrogens, the androgenic actions are blocked in both hypothalamus and target tissues. Therefore, negative feedback signals are inhibited and production of testosterone is increased in the testis. For the endocrine therapy of prostate cancer, chlormadinone acetate, flutamide and bicalutamide are or will be available in Japan. Antiandrogen is generally used by the combination with surgical or medical castration, namely as total androgen blockade.
Early recognition of peripheral intravenous catheter failure using serial ultrasonographic assessments (2021)

Objective Peripheral intravenous catheter (PIVC) failure occurs frequently, but the underlying mechanisms of failure are poorly understood. We aim to identify ultrasonographic factors that predict impending PIVC failure prior to clinical exam. Methods We conducted a single site prospective observational investigation at an academic tertiary care center. Adult emergency department (ED) patients who underwent traditional PIVC placement in the ED and required admission with an anticipated hospital length of stay greater than 48 hours were included. Ongoing daily PIVC assessments included clinical and ultrasonographic evaluations. The primary objective was to identify ultrasonographic PIVC site findings associated with an increased risk of PIVC failure. The secondary outcome was to determine if ultrasonographic indicators of PIVC failure occurred earlier than clinical recognition of PIVC failure. Results In July and August of 2020, 62 PIVCs were enrolled. PIVC failure occurred in 24 (38.71%) participants. Multivariate logistic regression demonstrated that the presence of ultrasonographic subcutaneous edema [AOR 7.37 (1.91, 27.6) p = 0.0030] was associated with an increased likelihood of premature PIVC failure. Overall, 6 (9.67%) patients had subcutaneous edema present on clinical exam, while 35 (56.45%) had subcutaneous edema identified on ultrasound. Among patients with PIVC failure, average time to edema detectable on ultrasound was 46 hours and average time to clinical recognition of failure was 67 hours (P = < 0.0001). Conclusions Presence of subcutaneous edema on ultrasound is a strong predictor of PIVC failure. Subclinical subcutaneous edema occurs early and often in the course of the PIVC lifecycle with a predictive impact on PIVC failure that is inadequately captured on clinical examination of the PIVC site. The early timing of this ultrasonographic finding provides the clinician with key information to better anticipate the patient’s vascular access needs. Further research investigating interventions to enhance PIVC survival once sonographic subcutaneous edema is present is needed.
Fluorine effects in n-p-n double-diffused polysilicon emitter bipolar transistors (1996)

We demonstrate that fluorine incorporation in the polysilicon emitter of n-p-n double-diffused bipolar transistors during BF/sub 2/ implantation at a dose of 1/spl times/10/sup 15/ cm/sup -2/ significantly alters the device electrical characteristics. In particular, tunneling emitter/base currents are observed at both forward and reverse voltages, due to excessive base dopant concentration at the junction. Fluorine-enhanced interfacial oxide break-up and epitaxial realignment of the poly-Si emitter are shown to be responsible for these results.
La lutte contre le pauvrete et les fonds d ' investissement social : le cas de l ' Amerique latine (1995)

Most Social Investment Funds (SIFs) in Latin America were created to alleviate the impact on the poor of the reduction in income and employment caused by the debt crisis and the structural adjustment measures taken to lay the basis for renewed growth. The traditional social sector ministries were ill prepared for this task. Many SIFs have been transformed into permanent or semi-permanent entities to finance infrastructure and social service projects targeted to reach the very poor. Furthermore, most SIFs in Latin America have been characterized as effective financial intermediaries. The main attribute of SIFs is the high degree of autonomy achieved through choice of private sector managers with no salary limitation, and exemption from Government's annual budget cycle as well as from bureaucratic procurement and disbursement procedures. A computerized information system, frequent audits and a high degree of beneficiary participation and transparency have also ensured rapid and efficient execution of projects. This discussion paper reviews the experience of twelve SIFs created in Latin America since 1986. It attempts to identify best practices and lessons learned and to analyze policy and operational issues related to the use of SIFs as financial intermediaries for small-scale, multisectoral investments aimed at alleviating poverty among targeted population groups. It also attempts to analyze the future perspectives of SIFs.
Heisenberg-Limited Qubit Read-Out with Two-Mode Squeezed Light (2015)

We show how to use two-mode squeezed light to exponentially enhance cavity-based dispersive qubit measurement. Our scheme enables true Heisenberg-limited scaling of the measurement, and crucially, it is not restricted to small dispersive couplings or unrealistically long measurement times. It involves coupling a qubit dispersively to two cavities and making use of a symmetry in the dynamics of joint cavity quadratures (a so-called quantum-mechanics-free subsystem). We discuss the basic scaling of the scheme and its robustness against imperfections, as well as a realistic implementation in circuit quantum electrodynamics.
Automatic Facial Skin Defects Detection and Recognition System (2011)

Recently medical cosmetology has attracted significant business opportunity. Micro cosmetic surgery usually involves the minimally invasive cosmetic procedures such as non-ablative laser procedure for skin rejuvenation. However, an appropriate treatment selection for skin relies on accurate preoperative evaluation. In this paper, an automatic facial skin defects detection and recognition system is proposed. The system automatic locates the facial region and extracts region of interest. A support-vector-machine-based classifier is then used to classify the potential defects into spot, acne and normal skin. Experimental results demonstrate effectiveness of the proposed approach.
Endocytic adaptors – social networking at the plasma membrane (2011)

Receptor-mediated endocytosis is a dynamic process that is crucial for maintaining plasma membrane composition and controlling cell-signaling pathways. A variety of entry routes have evolved to ensure that the vast array of molecules on the cell surface can be differentially internalized by endocytosis. This diversity has extended to include a growing list of endocytic adaptor proteins, which are thought to initiate the internalization process. The key function of adaptors is to select the proteins that should be removed from the cell surface. Thus, they have a central role in defining the physiology of a cell. This has made the study of adaptor proteins a very active area of research that is ripe for exciting future discoveries. Here, we review recent work on how adaptors mediate endocytosis and address the following questions: what characteristics define an endocytic adaptor protein? What roles do these proteins fulfill in addition to selecting cargo and how might adaptors function in clathrin-independent endocytic pathways? Through the findings discussed in this Commentary, we hope to stimulate further characterization of known adaptors and expansion of the known repertoire by identification of new adaptors.
Analytical solutions for leakage rates through abandoned wells (2004)

Disposal of waste fluids via injection into deep saline aquifers is practiced in a variety of industries. Injection takes place in sedimentary basins that often have a history of oil and gas exploration and production, which means that wells other than those used for waste disposal may exist in the vicinity of the injection site. These existing wells provide possible pathways for leakage of waste fluids toward the shallow subsurface and the land surface. For single‐phase flows of liquids with essentially constant properties, the equations governing the system are linear, and solutions may be written using the superposition principle. Because leakage through existing wells produces a time‐varying flux rate, the solution of the governing equations involves convolution integrals. Previous solutions have addressed the problem of one injection well, one existing (passive) well, and a simple geometry of two aquifers separated by an aquitard by use of Laplace transforms. Even for this simple case, inversion of the transform is difficult. Solutions involving more than one passive well have not been developed. Nor have solutions been developed for more than two aquifers and one aquitard. Realistic injection cases often involve layered systems with multiple aquifers and aquitards, as well as multiple passive wells, sometimes numbering in the hundreds. Solutions for the general case of multiple aquifers and wells may be developed through introduction of approximations to the well function and appropriate simplification of the convolution integral. Such a solution is computationally simple. Comparison to solutions using the full (Laplace transform) solution indicates that the new solution procedure produces excellent results. Application of the new solution to a case of multiple passive wells shows that the cumulative leakage flux in the passive wells is not a simple sum of the single‐well case, owing to leakage‐induced drawdown around the passive wells. In addition, application to the case of multiple aquifers and aquitards demonstrates the importance of leakage into intervening aquifers as a mechanism to mitigate leakage into shallow zones, a process referred to as the “elevator model.” The new analytical solution provides a tool to analyze practical injection problems and forms a foundation on which more complex solutions, such as those involving injection of a nonaqueous fluid into a deep brine formation, may be based.
Runtime Performance Challenges in Big Data Systems (2015)

Big data systems are becoming pervasive. They are distributed systems that include redundant processing nodes, replicated storage, and frequently execute on a shared 'cloud' infrastructure. For these systems, design-time predictions are insufficient to assure runtime performance in production. This is due to the scale of the deployed system, the continually evolving workloads, and the unpredictable quality of service of the shared infrastructure. Consequently, a solution for addressing performance requirements needs sophisticated runtime observability and measurement. Observability gives real-time insights into a system's health and status, both at the system and application level, and provides historical data repositories for forensic analysis, capacity planning, and predictive analytics. Due to the scale and heterogeneity of big data systems, significant challenges exist in the design, customization and operations of observability capabilities. These challenges include economical creation and insertion of monitors into hundreds or thousands of computation and data nodes, efficient, low overhead collection and storage of measurements (which is itself a big data problem), and application-aware aggregation and visualization. In this paper we propose a reference architecture to address these challenges, which uses a model-driven engineering toolkit to generate architecture-aware monitors and application-specific visualizations.
Automated vigilant transportation system for minimizing the Road accidents (2014)

Roads are one of the most important infrastructures in any country. The major problem on road based transportation networks is accident. The need of the hour is to implement an expert system which helps in preventing the occurrence of Road accidents. The proposed model reduces the percentage of road accidents by implementing the Vigilant Transport System which exploits the use of “Expert Speed Authority System”. The model makes use of the hybrid adaptive approach while controlling the vehicle. This module is connected with GODS (Geo Obstacle Detection System) that detects the nearby obstacles. And also controls the vehicle depending on the geographic location and the surrounding objects like schools, Hospitals. And a novel EVNS (Emergency Vehicle Notification System) is used that gives e-call to the nearby local authorities. Thereby, informing them about the accidents.
Nanocomposite Microcontainers (2012)

Versatile all-nanocomposite capped microcontainers are made using layer-by-layer (LBL) assembly. The microcontainers can act as inert packaging with slow/controlled release for virtually any type of encapsulating material based on clay nanocomposites 3D molded by PDMS templates and capped with another LBL film.
TREATMENT OF ENLARGED PORES WITH THE QUASI LONG-PULSED VERSUS Q-SWITCHED 1064nm Nd:YAG LASERS: A SPLIT-FACE, COMPARATIVE, CONTROLLED STUDY (2011)

The micropulsed and Q-switched Nd:YAG laser treatments reduced pore size and sebum levels with more or less equal efficacy and with no adverse side effects.
An ultralow power athermal silicon modulator (2014)

Silicon photonics has emerged as the leading candidate for implementing ultralow power wavelength–division–multiplexed communication networks in high-performance computers, yet current components (lasers, modulators, filters and detectors) consume too much power for the high-speed femtojoule-class links that ultimately will be required. Here we demonstrate and characterize the first modulator to achieve simultaneous high-speed (25Gb s 1), low-voltage (0.5VPP) and efficient 0.9 fJ per bit error-free operation. This low-energy high-speed operation is enabled by a record electro-optic response, obtained in a vertical p–n junction device that at 250 pmV 1 (30GHzV 1) is up to 10 times larger than prior demonstrations. In addition, this record electro-optic response is used to compensate for thermal drift over a 7.5 C temperature range with little additional energy consumption (0.24 fJ per bit for a total energy consumption below 1.03 J per bit). The combined results of highly efficient modulation and electro-optic thermal compensation represent a new paradigm in modulator development and a major step towards single-digit femtojoule-class communications.
Sensorless control of AC motor drives : speed and position sensorless operation (1996)

Complete with a tutorial introduction, this convenient anthology of the foremost technical papers on sensorless control of AC motor drives discusses the full range of methods and schemes for cost-effective speed sensorless operation of induction motors and position sensorless operation of PM motors, synchronous reluctance motors, and switched reluctance motors.
Die medikamentöse Therapie der Migräne - ein Literaturüberblick (1995)

The medical treatment of migraine has two objective points: therapy for treating symptoms of an acute attack and prophylactic therapy for reducing frequency and severity of migraine attacks. A number of different therapeutic approaches for a symptomatic and a prophylactic therapy exists. The following article tries to give a survey of possible treatment strategies of migraine published within the last three years.
TRAJECTORY MODELING ACCURACY FOR AIR TRAFFIC MANAGEMENT DECISION SUPPORT TOOLS (2002)

Future air traffic management (ATM) decision support systems (DSS) rely upon trajectory forecasting to adequately deliver benefits. These forecasts are subject to errors from a variety of sources. As the number and sophistication of ATM DSS capabilities grow, the interoperability between DSS will become more sensitive to the magnitude and variation in trajectory forecasting errors across DSS. This paper presents a parametric analysis of some of the larger error sources. Errors are considered due to turn dynamics, weight, wind gradient omission, speed intent, interim altitudes, top of descent placement, and wind for typical airborne flights. Estimates of error contributions to typical scenarios are presented as a function of phase of flight. While certain errors are isolated as having larger impacts on the typical scenario, all error sources considered may have significant impact on trajectory forecasting under specific circumstances.
Peptide-Mediated Targeting of Liposomes to Tumor Cells (2007)

One of the biggest obstacles for efficient drug delivery is specific cellular targeting. Liposomes have long been used for drug delivery, but do not possess targeting capabilities. This limitation may be circumvented by surface coating of colloidal delivery systems with peptides, proteins, carbohydrates, vitamins, or antibodies that target cell surface receptors or other biomolecules. Each of these coatings has significant drawbacks. One idealized system for drug delivery combines stabilized "protein module" ligands with a colloidal delivery vehicle. Prior studies have shown that peptide-amphiphiles, whereby both a peptide "head group" and a lipid-like "tail" are present in the same molecule, can be used to engineer collagen-like triple-helical or alpha-helical miniproteins. The tails serve to stabilize the head group structural elements. These peptide-amphiphiles can be designed to bind to specific cell surface receptors with high affinity. Structural stabilization of the integrated targeting ligand in the peptide-amphiphile system equates to prolonged in vivo stability through resistance to proteolytic degradation. Liposomes have been prepared incorporating a melanoma targeting peptide-amphiphile ligand, and shown to be stable with retention of peptide-amphiphile triple-helical structure. Encapsulated fluorescent dyes are selectively delivered to cells. In this chapter we describe the methods and techniques employed in the preparation and characterization of peptide-amphiphiles and peptide-amphiphile-targeted large and small unilamellar vesicles (LUVs and SUVs). Fluorescence microscopy is subsequently utilized to examine the targeting capabilities of peptide-amphiphile LUVs, which should allow for improved drug selectivity towards melanoma vs normal cells based on differences in the relative abundance of the targeted cell surface receptors.
Sonographic measurements of the normal bladder wall in children (1987)

The thickness of the bladder wall was measured sonographically in 410 children (1 day to 19 years old) and in 10 adults. None had complaints related to the urinary tract. The bladder wall thickness varied mostly with the state of bladder filling and only minimally with age and gender. The normal bladder wall had a mean thickness of 2.76 mm when the bladder is almost empty and 1.55 mm when it is distended. There is a linear relationship between bladder fullness and bladder wall thickness; the upper limits are 3 and 5 mm for a full or empty bladder respectively.