gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Isolation of Microorganisms Using Sub-Micrometer Constrictions (2014)

We present an automated method for isolating pure bacterial cultures from samples containing multiple species that exploits the cell's own physiology to perform the separation. Cells compete to reach a chamber containing nutrients via a constriction whose cross-sectional area only permits a single cell to enter, thereby blocking the opening and preventing other cells from entering. The winning cell divides across the constriction and its progeny populate the chamber. The devices are passive and require no user interaction to perform their function. Device fabrication begins with the creation of a master mold that contains the desired constriction and chamber features. Replica molding is used to create patterned polymer chips from the master, which are bonded to glass microscope cover slips to create the constrictions. We tested constriction geometries ranging from 500 nanometers to 5 micrometers in width, 600 to 950 nanometers in height, and 10 to 40 micrometers in length. The devices were used to successfully isolate a pure Pseudomonas aeruginosa culture from a mixture that also contained Escherichia coli. We demonstrated that individual strains of the same species can be separated out from mixtures using red and green fluorescently-labeled E. coli. We also used the devices to isolate individual environmental species. Roseobacter sp. was separated from another marine species, Psychroserpens sp.
Molecular Cloning of the Murine Adenosine Deaminase Gene from a Genetically Enriched Source: Identification and Characterization of the Promoter Region (1986)

A genomic library was prepared with DNA from a genetically enriched mouse cell line in which amplified copies of the adenosine deaminase (ADA) gene account for over 5% of the genome. Overlapping cosmid clones encompassing the entire ADA structural gene were isolated from this genomic library and used for subsequent structural and functional analyses. Nuclease protection and primer extension analyses served to identify the location of multiple transcription initiation sites at the 5' end of the structural gene. Promoter activity was found by functional analyses to reside within a 240-base-pair fragment which contains the transcription initiation sites. Sequences upstream of the transcription initiation sites are very G + C rich (77%) and include a 22 nucleotide stretch of deoxyguanylate residues and two potential Sp1 transcription factor-binding sites. Comparison of the mouse and human ADA gene promoters revealed the presence of several regions that are highly conserved with regard to both sequence content and location and may represent genetic elements which are involved in ADA gene expression.
Spatial equivalence classes for CDMA array processing (2003)

We consider the reverse link of a cellular direct sequence CDMA system with the aim of increasing the system's capacity. The capacity of a conventional (matched filter) receiver can be increased by employing sectorized antenna arrays or multiuser detection techniques. Our results confirm that the potentially complex approach of beamforming followed by multiuser detection further increases capacity. To reduce complexity, bit detection techniques based on partitioning the users into spatial equivalence classes by beamforming and then employing standard multiuser detection techniques within each class are investigated. Subtractive interference cancellation yields the lowest bit error ratios and is the least computationally complex method of multiuser detection under consideration.
Broadband absorption spectroscopy in turbid media by combined frequency-domain and steady-state methods (2000)

A technique for measuring broadband near-infrared absorption spectra of turbid media that uses a combination of frequency-domain (FD) and steady-state (SS) reflectance methods is presented. Most of the wavelength coverage is provided by a white-light SS measurement, whereas the FD data are acquired at a few selected wavelengths. Coefficients of absorption (mu(a)) and reduced scattering (mu(s)') derived from the FD data are used to calibrate the intensity of the SS measurements and to estimate mu(s)' at all wavelengths in the spectral window of interest. After these steps are performed, one can determine mu(a) by comparing the SS reflectance values with the predictions of diffusion theory, wavelength by wavelength. Absorption spectra of a turbid phantom and of human breast tissue in vivo, derived with the combined SSFD technique, agree well with expected reference values. All measurements can be performed at a single source-detector separation distance, reducing the variations in sampling volume that exist in multidistance methods. The technique uses relatively inexpensive light sources and detectors and is easily implemented on an existing multiwavelength FD system.
A novel vascular targeting strategy for brain‐derived endothelial cells using a TCR mimic antibody (2010)

Organ-specific vascular targeting, for example, to the blood-brain barrier, requires the identification of unique molecular addresses on a subset of endothelial cells. The present study describes a crucial step towards tapping the exquisite specificity of the peptide/HLA class I system for this goal. We utilized a novel T-cell receptor (TCR) mimic antibody of high affinity and specificity, which is restricted by HLA-A2 and has been generated to recognize a peptide epitope derived from p68 RNA helicase (YLLPAIVHI). The parent protein is highly expressed by brain endothelial cells. Flow cytometry and confocal imaging showed that the antibody binds to HLA-A2-positive human brain-derived endothelial cells, both immortalized hCMEC/D3 cells and primary cells. The TCR mimic antibody undergoes internalization into vesicles, where significant colocalization occurs with the early endosomal marker EEA-1, but barely with caveolin-1. To our knowledge internalization of neither MHC class I protein nor TCR mimics by brain endothelial cells has been previously observed. Knock down of p68 protein expression by siRNA reduced the presentation of YLLPAIVHI-peptide/HLA-A2 complexes on the cell membrane by half as measured by flow cytometry 48 h later. We also found that brain endothelial cells isolated from HLA-A2 transgenic mouse strains express the A2 transgene, and brain endothelial cells of one of these strains also present YLLPAIVHI-peptide/HLA-A2, making these mouse strains suitable models for studying TCR mimic antibodies in vivo. In conclusion, these data strongly support the notion that TCR mimic antibodies could be a new class of therapeutic targeting agents in a wide variety of diseases.
Achieving Sub-Hz Frequency Symmetry in Micro-Glassblown Wineglass Resonators (2013)

We demonstrate, for the first time, sub-1 Hz frequency symmetry in micro-glassblown wineglass resonators with integrated electrode structures. A new fabrication process based on deep glass dry etching was developed to fabricate micro-wineglasses with self-aligned stem structures and integrated electrodes. The wineglass modes were identified by electrostatic excitation and mapping the velocity of motion along the perimeter using laser Doppler interferometry. A frequency split (Δf) of 0.15 and 0.2 Hz was demonstrated for n=2 and n=3 wineglass modes, respectively. To verify the repeatability of the results, a total of five devices were tested, three out of five devices showed . Frequency split stayed below 1 Hz for dc bias voltages up to 100 V, confirming that the low frequency split is attributed to high structural symmetry and not to capacitive tuning. High structural symmetry and atomically smooth surfaces (0.23 nm Sa) of the resonators may enable new classes of high performance 3-D MEMS devices, such as rate-integrating MEMS gyroscopes.
Fracture compliance estimation using a combination of image and sonic logs (2008)

We estimate fracture elastic compliances using a combination of image and sonic logs from a typical borehole survey in a naturally fractured reservoir. Borehole dipole sonic anisotropy related to the effect of drilling‐induced (DI) and natural fractures is modeled using a classical excess‐compliance fracture model. We extract the orientation of individual fractures from borehole image log analysis. The analysis is focused on the log depth interval where fracture‐induced anisotropy is observed, and where the maximum horizontal stress direction is not aligned with the strike of natural fractures. Fracture compliances are estimated in two steps by first selecting the fractures that honor the fast‐shear azimuth, and second by using a grid search method minimizing the sonic slowness anisotropy difference. Two fracture compliance parameters are used, one per fracture type (natural and DI). We first model the effect of natural and DI fractures including all fractures observed on the images. Predicted fast‐shear azimuths are shown to be slightly biased by the presence of non‐compliant fractures in each fracture type. Next, we introduce a selection criteria based on the fast‐shear azimuth to reject non‐compliant fractures. Finally, we estimate fracture compliances using sonic slowness difference before and after the selection process and discuss the results.
Magnetization switching and tunneling magnetoresistance effects of synthetic antiferromagnet free layers consisting of amorphous NiFeSiB (2005)

A synthetic antiferromagnet (SAF) structure comprising of ferromagnetic amorphous Ni16Fe62Si8B14 layers has been devised and employed as a free layer of magnetic tunnel junctions (MTJs) to enhance cell switching performance. We observed −0.03erg∕cm2 of exchange coupling energy (Jex) by inserting a 0.5 nm Ru layer in between NiFeSiB layers. In Si∕SiO2∕Ta 45∕Ru 9.5∕IrMn 10∕CoFe 7∕AlOx1.5∕(single NiFeSiB 7) or [NiFeSiB(t)∕Ru 0.5∕NiFeSiB(7−t)]∕Ru 60(nm) MTJ structures, we found size dependence of the switching field originating from the lower Jex both experimentally and by simulation. The NiFeSiB SAF structure showed lower switching field than traditional CoFe and CoFeB SAF structures. This is because NiFeSiB possesses low saturation magnetization (Ms=800emu∕cm3) and high anisotropy constant (Ku=2,700erg∕cm3). These properties were proven beneficial for the switching characteristics such as reducing the coercivity (Hc) and increasing the sensitivity in micrometer to submicrometer sized elements.
Tat peptide-admixed elastic liposomal formulation of hirsutenone for the treatment of atopic dermatitis in Nc/Nga mice (2011)

A novel EL/T formulation was successfully developed for topical delivery of HST to treat AD.
Covert Gates: Protecting Integrated Circuits with Undetectable Camouflaging (2019)

Integrated circuit (IC) camouflaging has emerged as a promising solution for protecting semiconductor intellectual property (IP) against reverse engineering. Existing methods of camouflaging are based on standard cells that can assume one of many Boolean functions, either through variation of transistor threshold voltage or contact configurations. Unfortunately, such methods lead to high area, delay and power overheads, and are vulnerable to invasive as well as non-invasive attacks based on Boolean satisfiability/VLSI testing. In this paper, we propose, fabricate, and demonstrate a new cell camouflaging strategy, termed as ‘covert gate’ that leverages doping and dummy contacts to create camouflaged cells that are indistinguishable from regular standard cells under modern imaging techniques. We perform a comprehensive security analysis of covert gate, and show that it achieves high resiliency against SAT and test-based attacks at very low overheads. We also derive models to characterize the covert cells, and develop measures to incorporate them into a gate-level design. Simulation results of overheads and attacks are presented on benchmark circuits.
Biochemically-Engineered Molecular Communication Interface and Propagation System (2008)

The authors of this paper have proposed the concept of "molecular communication". The molecular communication uses molecules (i.e., chemical signals) as an information medium and allows biological and artificially-created nano- or cell-scale devices to communicate over a short distance. It is a new
Grading Nuclear Pleomorphism on Histological Micrographs (2008)

A mainstay in cancer diagnostics is the classification or grading of cell nuclei based on their appearance. While the analysis of cytological samples has been automated successfully for a long time, the complexity of histological tissue samples has prevented a reliable classification with machine vision techniques. We approach this complex problem in multiple stages, analyzing first image quality, staining quality, and tissue appearance, before segmenting nuclei and finally classifying or grading areas of tissue. The key step is the training of a classifier to judge the nuclei segmentation quality. Using active learning techniques, we train this classifier to identify problems in the image as well as weaknesses of the image analysis tools. This way we obtain robust nuclear segmentation allowing precise measurements of features that can be used safely for classification. We validate our findings on several hundred cases of breast cancer, demonstrating that automatic pleomorphism grading is possible with high accuracy. This technique can provide a stable and objective basis for what has been a subjective process that suffers from low reproducibility.
The effect of Cr underlayer thickness on magnetic and structural properties of CoPtCr thin films (1990)

Thin Co-based alloy films have shown important recording, magnetic, and structural changes when grown on Cr underlayers of different thicknesses. We have investigated these properties using several different CoPtCr compositions on Cr underlayers ranging from 0 to 200 nm in thickness. We report epitaxial growth of the hcp Co (11.0) planes on the (100) planes of bcc Cr for the first time on a disk appropriate for magnetic recording. The 〈11.0〉 Co preferred orientation occurs only when the Cr underlayer has a 〈100〉 preferred orientation. The 〈100〉 preferred orientation in the Cr layer results from the use of sputtering rates above 150 nm/min and only persists to thicknesses of about 50 nm. The thin Cr underlayers (&lt;50 nm) with a 〈100〉 preferred orientation have fine well-packed grains. Thicker Cr underlayers have larger grains which are uncoupled and have a more random crystal orientation. The CoPtCr film morphologies follow these trends. The noise performance of these films improves with increasing Cr underlayer thickness and decreasing S* values. The CoPtCr films on thicker Cr (&gt;50 nm) show no evidence of epitaxy and develop uncoupled grain structures like the Cr. The uncoupling of grains or the lack of in-plane c-axis orientation could both explain the drop in S* that has been correlated to S0/N improvement. Our results suggest that for the CoPtCr/Cr system, both grain morphology and crystallography must be considered in interpreting the changes in magnetic and recording properties.
Frame Interpolation with Multi-Scale Deep Loss Functions and Generative Adversarial Networks (2017)

Frame interpolation attempts to synthesise frames given one or more consecutive video frames. In recent years, deep learning approaches, and notably convolutional neural networks, have succeeded at tackling low- and high-level computer vision problems including frame interpolation. These techniques often tackle two problems, namely algorithm efficiency and reconstruction quality. In this paper, we present a multi-scale generative adversarial network for frame interpolation (\mbox{FIGAN}). To maximise the efficiency of our network, we propose a novel multi-scale residual estimation module where the predicted flow and synthesised frame are constructed in a coarse-to-fine fashion. To improve the quality of synthesised intermediate video frames, our network is jointly supervised at different levels with a perceptual loss function that consists of an adversarial and two content losses. We evaluate the proposed approach using a collection of 60fps videos from YouTube-8m. Our results improve the state-of-the-art accuracy and provide subjective visual quality comparable to the best performing interpolation method at x47 faster runtime.
Toward Real-Time Estimation of Driver Situation Awareness: An Eye-tracking Approach based on Moving Objects of Interest (2020)

Eye-tracking techniques have the potential for estimating driver awareness of road hazards. However, traditional eye-movement measures based on static areas of interest may not capture the unique characteristics of driver eyeglance behavior and challenge the real-time application of the technology on the road. This article proposes a novel method to operationalize driver eye-movement data analysis based on moving objects of interest. A human-subject experiment conducted in a driving simulator demonstrated the potential of the proposed method. Correlation and regression analyses between indirect (i.e., eye-tracking) and direct measures of driver awareness identified some promising variables that feature both spatial and temporal aspects of driver eye-glance behavior relative to objects of interest. Results also suggest that eye-glance behavior might be a promising but insufficient predictor of driver awareness. This work is a preliminary step toward real-time, on-road estimation of driver awareness of road hazards. The proposed method could be further combined with computer-vision techniques such as object recognition to fully automate eye-movement data processing as well as machine learning approaches to improve the accuracy of driver awareness estimation.
I am a sensor, and I approve this message (2010)

Abstract: Despite the popularity of adding sensors to mobile devices, the readings provided by these sensors cannot be trusted. Users can fabricate sensor readings with relatively little effort. This lack of trust discourages the emergence of applications where users have an incentive to lie about their sensor readings, such as falsifying a location or altering a photo taken by the camera. This paper presents a broad range of applications that would benefit from the deployment of trusted sensors, from participatory sensing to monitoring energy consumption. We present two design alternatives for making sensor readings trustworthy. Although both designs rely on the presence of a trusted platform module (TPM), they trade-off security guarantees for hardware requirements. While our first design is less secure, it requires no additional hardware beyond a TPM, unlike our second design. Finally, we present the privacy issues arising from the deployment of trusted sensors and we discuss protocols that can overcome them. 1.
Software Techniques for Enabling High-Throughput Analysis of Metabolomic Datasets (2012)

the accuracy of the results, are very time consuming and are the most significant bottlenecks in processing metabolomic data. In fact, the peak integration verification step is often omitted due to the extremely large number of peaks whose integration must be verified.
Tomographic reconstruction of near‐borehole slowness using refracted borehole sonic arrivals (1992)

PreviousNext No AccessSEG Technical Program Expanded Abstracts 1992Tomographic reconstruction of near‐borehole slowness using refracted borehole sonic arrivalsAuthors: Brian E. HornbyBrian E. HornbySchlumberger Cambridge Research, Englandhttps://doi.org/10.1190/1.1822195 SectionsAboutPDF/ePub ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinked InRedditEmail Permalink: https://doi.org/10.1190/1.1822195FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails SEG Technical Program Expanded Abstracts 1992ISSN (print):1052-3812 ISSN (online):1949-4645Copyright: 1992 Pages: 1410 publication data© 1992 Copyright © 1992 Society of Exploration GeophysicistsPublisher:Society of Exploration Geophysicists HistoryPublished: 10 Feb 2005 CITATION INFORMATION Brian E. Hornby, (1992), "Tomographic reconstruction of near‐borehole slowness using refracted borehole sonic arrivals," SEG Technical Program Expanded Abstracts : 70-74. https://doi.org/10.1190/1.1822195 Plain-Language Summary PDF DownloadLoading ...
Normalizing fractional moving blood volume estimates with power Doppler US: defining a stable intravascular point with the cumulative power distribution function. (1997)

Vascularity estimates with power Doppler US are feasible with a normalization scheme based on the cumulative Doppler power distribution function.
Ferroelectric Particles in Liquid Crystals: Recent Frontiers (2006)

In this article we describe electro-optical properties of recently discovered ferroelectric particles/liquid crystal colloids. We show that the presence of ferroelectric particles in a liquid crystal changes its birefringence and dielectric anisotropy. In contrast to the traditional time consuming and expensive chemical synthetic methods, this method to create liquid crystals with enhanced properties is relatively simple and has a great potential. We also demonstrate the performance of these new materials in various devices, including displays, light modulators, and beam steering devices.
Synthesis of Helical Conjugated Ladder Polymers (1997)

The synthesis is described of the first helical ladder polymers with unbroken pathways of conjugation that extend not only through each monomeric unit, but between them as well. The key step is the condensation of 1,2-phenylenediamine and a transition metal salt with a helicene having salicylaldehyde's functionality at both ends. This gives rise to “metal salophen” units that bind adjacent helicenes, provide conjugated links from one ring system to the next, and constrain the p-orbitals of the rings they unite to be nearly parallel. Because the helicene monomers are enantiopure, so too are the polymeric structures to which they give rise. One of the polymers (6) winds continuously in only one direction. Another (4a) winds in one direction through the helicene moieties and in the other direction through the metal−salophens. The circular dichroisms of the former at wavelengths near 600 nm are notably large. The corresponding circular dichroisms of the latter are much smaller. MALDI-TOF mass spectra provide particularly strong evidence for the structures assigned. The polymers are very soluble in a variety of organic solvents and seem to have number average molecular weights of ca. 7000.
Deep Learning Imaging through Fully-Flexible Glass-Air Disordered Fiber (2018)

We demonstrate a fully flexible, artifact-free, and lensless fiber-based imaging system. For the first time, this system combines image reconstruction by a trained deep neural network with low-loss image transmission through disordered glass-air Anderson localized optical fiber. We experimentally demonstrate transmission of intensity images through meter-long disordered fiber with and without fiber bending. The system provides the unique property that the training performed within a straight fiber setup can be utilized for high fidelity reconstruction of images that are transported through either straight or bent fiber making retraining for different bending situations unnecessary. In addition, high quality image transport and reconstruction is demonstrated for objects that are several millimeters away from the fiber input facet eliminating the need for additional optical elements at the distal end of the fiber. This novel imaging system shows great potential for practical applications in endoscopy including studies on freely behaving subjects.