gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Influence of Particle Size and Ca Addition on the Magnetic Performance and Microstructure of MnZn Ferrite (2014)

In this work, the influence of Ca addition on the power loss of MnZn ferrites was investigated. Mn–Zn ferrites were prepared by conventional oxide ceramic process from calcined powders of different particle sizes in equilibrium sintering atmosphere. It has been found that the optimal amount of Ca addition varies for the Mn–Zn ferrites synthesized by using powders of different particle size.
Transporter genes expressed by coastal bacterioplankton in response to dissolved organic carbon (2009)

Coastal ocean bacterioplankton control the flow of dissolved organic carbon (DOC) from terrestrial and oceanic sources into the marine food web, and regulate the release of inorganic carbon to atmospheric and offshore reservoirs. While the fate of the chemically complex coastal DOC reservoir has long been recognized as a critical feature of the global carbon budget, it has been problematic to identify both the compounds that serve as major conduits for carbon flux and the roles of individual bacterioplankton taxa in mediating that flux. Here we analyse random libraries of expressed genes from a coastal bacterial community to identify sequences representing DOC-transporting proteins. Predicted substrates of expressed transporter genes indicated that carboxylic acids, compatible solutes, polyamines and lipids may be key components of the biologically labile DOC pool in coastal waters, in addition to canonical bacterial substrates such as amino acids, oligopeptides and carbohydrates. Half of the expressed DOC transporter sequences in this coastal ocean appeared to originate from just eight taxa: Roseobacter, SAR11, Flavobacteriales and five orders of gamma-Proteobacteria. While all major taxa expressed transporter genes for some DOC components (e.g. amino acids), there were indications of specialization within the bacterioplankton community for others (e.g. carbohydrates, carboxylic acids and polyamines). Experimental manipulations of the natural DOC pool that increased the concentration of phytoplankton- or vascular plant-derived compounds invoked a readily measured response in bacterial transporter gene expression. This highly resolved view of the potential for carbon flux into heterotrophic bacterioplankton cells identifies possible bioreactive components of the coastal DOC pool and highlights differing ecological roles in carbon turnover for the resident bacterial taxa.
Coronary Artery Bypass Grafting: An Off-Pump versus On-Pump Review (2002)

There has been a proliferation in the number of coronary artery bypass grafts (CABG) being performed without the use of cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB). However, the benefits of off-pump coronary artery grafting (OPCAB) are still being determined. The aim of this retrospective review was to compare the perioperative outcomes of CPB patients with OPCAB patients and to identify the patients most likely to benefit from the off-pump procedure. We reviewed the perioperative data of all isolated CABG patients at two metropolitan hospitals for the period of August 2000 to September 2001. The two groups (OPCAB vs. CPB) were further divided into subgroups identifying patients by their predicted mortality (higher-risk and lower-risk) and the number of distal graft anastomoses received (1, 2, 3, 4, or 5). A p value less than .05 was considered significant. Out of the total of 882 patients, 46.2% were OPCAB cases. Both CPB and OPCAB groups were similar in terms of demographics and predicted risk of mortality. Intraoperatively, OPCAB patients had fewer distal graft anastomoses (2.4 +/- 1.0 vs. 3.2 +/- 1.0, p < .001). Postoperatively, patients in the OPCAB group had less chest drainage (889 +/- 588 vs. 989 +/- 662 mls, p < .001), sustained fewer strokes (0.2 vs. 1.9%, p < .05), were transfused less (15.4 vs. 32.5%, p < .001) and were discharged earlier (7.3 +/- 5.6 vs. 8.5 +/- 9.1 days, p < .05). For higher-risk patients, OPCAB was associated with fewer reoperations for bleeding (1.3 vs. 6.4%, p < .05), a lower stroke rate (0 vs. 3.2%, p < .05), and a trend toward lower mortality (7.1 vs. 15.1%, p = .08). However, lower-risk OPCAB patients' stroke incidences (0.5% OPCAB group vs. 1.4% CPB group), and mortality rates (0.5 vs. 0.5%) were similar. Comparisons by number of grafts performed revealed that only the single-grafted OPCAB patients had statistically fewer postoperative complications, reduced chest drainage, and a shorter intensive care stay. Differences between either operation groups in transfusion rates were only statistically significant for the one to three grafted patients, while postoperative stays were similar for patients having four grafts. These results suggest that OPCAB is associated with a reduction in mortality and morbidity, particularly within the higher-risk patients. However, the benefits of OPCAB diminished with an increasing number of distal anastomoses performed.
Blocking GluR2–GAPDH ameliorates experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (2015)

The GluR2 -GAPDH complex represents a novel therapeutic target for the development of medications for MS that work through a different mechanism than existing treatments.
Pulmonary and Cardiac Pathology in Covid-19: The First Autopsy Series from New Orleans (2020)

Abstract SARS-CoV-2 has rapidly spread across the United States, causing extensive morbidity and mortality, though the histopathologic basis of severe disease cases has yet to be studied in detail. Over the past century, autopsy has contributed significantly to our understanding of numerous disease processes, but for several reasons, autopsy reports following deaths related to SARS- CoV-2 have thus far been limited across the globe. We report on the relevant cardiopulmonary findings in the first series of autopsies in the United States, with the cause of death being due to SARS-CoV-2 infection. These cases identify key pathologic states potentially contributing to severe disease and decompensation in these patients.
Effect of Hydrogenation on the Chemical Composition of Canola Oil (1982)

ABSTRACT Canola oil was hydrogenated under selective and nonselective conditions with commercial nickel catalysts. The composition of the hydrogenated oils was characterized by iodine value, fatty acid composition, trans ‐isomer content and cis, cis ‐methylene interrupted (CCMI) polyunsaturated fatty acids. Selectivity ratios and hydrogenation rates were calculated. Selective conditions resulted in high levels of trans ‐isomers. Loss of CCMI fatty acids occurred in the early stages of the hydrogenation process. Hydrogenation rates were higher under selective than under nonselective conditions.
A smart automatic thumbnail cropping based on attention driven regions of interest extraction (2009)

Most of the Content-Based Image Retrieval (CBIR) solutions treat each image as a whole. But the fact that often a user will be searching for a part of the image i.e., a region in the image with obvious semantic meaning as opposed to the entire picture has led to view an image as a set of Regions of Interest (ROIs) rather than viewing it as a whole. To provide a quick scanning of large number of images thumbnail representation of the images are used in most of the image retrieval and browsing systems. Thumbnails generated by shrinking the original image often render the ROIs illegible. In this paper, we present an intelligent automatic cropping technique, prior to shrinking, based on an efficient, unsupervised visual attention driven ROI detection framework that can make ROIs of an image more recognizable. Experiments show that the thumbnails resulting from the proposed technique will efficiently increase the CBIR performance and is a valid approach to carry further research.
The Syntheses of Cyclic Spermine Alkaloids: Analogues of Buchnerine and Budmunchiamine C (2003)

Abstract The syntheses of two macrocyclic spermine alkaloids, analogues 1 and 2 of budmunchiamine C and buchnerine, in which N , N ′‐bis(2‐aminoethyl)hexane‐1,6‐diamine (PA 262; 4 ) replaces spermine as polyamine backbone, were accomplished by two different methods. The first synthetic approach was based on a metal‐template intramolecular amidation of tetraamino esters prepared from a Michael addition of protected PA 262 10 to ethyl hexadec‐2‐ynoate ( 12 ) and ethyl prop‐2‐ynoate 17 , respectively (see Schemes 4 and 5 , resp.). The consecutive Michael addition of ethane‐1,2‐diamine to unsaturated esters and aminolysis was employed in the second synthetic approach to prepare the precursors 23 and 24 ( Scheme 6 ). The macrocyclic lactams were then constructed by macrocyclization of sulfonamido derivatives 25 and 26 in DMF with Cs 2 CO 3 as catalyst.
Improved elimination of motion artifacts from a photoplethysmographic signal using a Kalman smoother with simultaneous accelerometry (2010)

A photoplethysmography (PPG) signal provides very useful information about a subject's hemodynamic status in a hospital or ubiquitous environment. However, PPG is very vulnerable to motion artifacts, which can significantly distort the information belonging to the PPG signal itself. Thus, the reduction of the effects of motion artifacts is an important issue when monitoring the cardiovascular system by PPG. There have been many adaptive techniques to reduce motion artifacts from PPG signals. In the present study, we compared a method based on the fixed-interval Kalman smoother with the usual adaptive filtering algorithms, e.g. the normalized least mean squares, recursive least squares and the conventional Kalman filter. We found that the fixed-interval Kalman smoother reduced motion artifacts from the PPG signal most effectively. Therefore, the use of the fixed-interval Kalman smoother can reduce motion artifacts in PPG, thus providing the most reliable information that can be deduced from the reconstructed PPG signals.
Isolation and characterization of two new trichothecenes from Fusarium sporotrichioides strain M-1-1 (1981)

Two new trichothecenes were isolated along with T-2 toxin, neosolaniol, and HT-2 toxin from the culture filtrate of Fusarium sporotrichioides strain M-1-1. The structures of the new toxins were characterized to be 4 beta, 8 alpha-diacetoxy-12,13-epoxytrichothec-9-ene-3 alpha, 15-diol (designated NT-1) and 4 beta-acetoxy-12,13-epoxy-trichothec-9-ene-3 alpha,8 alpha,15-triol (designated NT-2).
Comparative Effectiveness of Distilled Water and Isotonic Saline in a Rat Model of Dry Eye (2010)

The effects of isotonic saline on the corneal penetration, thickness and injury as well as lacrimal secretion in a rat model of dry eye were investigated, in comparison with distilled water. Male Sprague-Dawley rats were intraperitoneally administered with atropine sulfate (20 mg/kg) and their eyes were exposed to dry (relative humidity 25-35%) air flow (2.4 m/sec), under Zoletil anesthesia, for 5 hr to induce dry eye. During the period of dry eye induction, distilled water or saline (5 μl) was instillated onto the cornea every 30 min. Corneal penetration was measured through fluorescein dye quantification, and corneal thickness and injury were examined under a microscope. Lacrimal (tear) secretion and mucin-like glyocoproteins excretion from goblet cells were measured via Schirmer test and microscopy, respectively. In dry eye rats treated with distilled water, the corneal thickness, tear secretion and mucin-like glycoproteins excretion were decreased to 74.0%, 74.1% and 46.3% of normal levels, respectively, resulting in marked corneal injury and great increase in corneal penetration. In comparison, isotonic saline recovered lacrimal secretion, in spite of a slight improvement of mucin-like glycoproteins excretion, and thereby prevented corneal penetration of fluorescein by 10%. The results indicate that repeated instillation of isotonic saline could protect corneal injury slightly more than distilled water by facilitating lacrimal secretion, in addition to the relief of inconvenience and pain.
Nuovi dati distributivi e osservazioni morfologiche su Aegilops uniaristata Vis. (Gramineae), entità mediterraneo-orientale riaccertata per la flora italiana (1989)

Riassunto Si riferisce del rinvenimento di tre nuove stazioni pugliesi di Aegilops uniaristata Vis. Sono posti in rilievo alcuni caratteri morfologici non evidenziati in precedenti lavori consultati.
Electrical Properties of Cu Nanowires (2008)

Copper nanowires were patterned with e-beam lithography and fabricated with an e-beam evaporated Cu film. Electrical properties, including resistivity and temperature coefficient of resistance, were characterized for Cu nanowires with a width range of 90 nm to 330 nm. It was experimentally found that the surface and size have apparent influence on the electrical properties. The measured resistivity of the Cu nanowires was found to be size dependent, which was in good agreement with the theoretical models. In addition, smaller values of the temperature coefficient of resistance were experimentally found as the wire width decreases for the Cu nanowires. The size dependent nature of the temperature coefficient of resistance was attributed to the surface and size effects based on the further demonstrative analysis.
On-demand curing of polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) using the photothermal effect of gold nanoparticles (2017)

The photothermal effect of gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) produces extremely localized heat that can be harnessed to drive large scale chemical reactions by simultaneously generating many individual reactions on the nanoscale. We use the photothermal effect to enhance the curing rate of polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) by a factor of 4.9 × 10<sup>9</sup>. Photothermal curing occurs via crosslinking reactions between vinyl and Si-H groups of the pre-polymer, and the course of the reaction was followed by monitoring the disappearance of infrared bands associated with these functional groups. Using mass spectroscopy, we verify that the major polymer m/z peaks are identical for both traditionally and photothermally cured polymers, indicating that the photothermal effect of AuNPs is an effective way in which to supply on-demand curing of PDMS.
<i>N</i>,<i>N</i>,<i>N</i>′,<i>N</i>′-TETRAMETHYLCHLOROFORMAMIDINIUM CHLORIDE AS AN EFFICIENT CONDENSATION REAGENT FOR A NOVEL ESTERIFICATION APPLICABLE TO THE MACROLIDE SYNTHESIS (1982)

Abstract N,N,N′,N′-Tetramethylchloroformamidinium chloride, prepared easily from N,N,N′,N′-tetramethylurea and oxalyl chloride, is found to be an efficient condensation reagent for an esterification of carboxylic acids with alcohols under mild conditions in one-pot procedure, and the reagent is applied to the lactonization for macrolide synthesis from ω-hydroxycarboxylic acids.
Incidence of inflammatory bowel disease across Europe: is there a difference between north and south? Results of the European Collaborative Study on Inflammatory Bowel Disease (EC-IBD). (1996)

The higher overall incidence rates in northern centres did not seem to be explained by differences in tobacco consumption or education. Nevertheless, the magnitude of the observed excess for both conditions is less than expected on the basis of previous studies. This may reflect recent increases in the incidence of IBD in southern Europe whereas those in the north may have stabilised.
The Role of<i>APOE</i>in the Occurrence of Frontotemporal Dementia in Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (2016)

C9ORF72 repeat expansions have a primary role in increasing the risk of cognitive impairment in patients with ALS; the APOE ε2 allele, to a lesser extent, also increases the risk of FTD. These study findings highlight the importance of considering the genetic background of patients with ALS when analyzing the putative effect of genetic modifiers.
Kaistia granuli sp. nov., isolated from anaerobic granules in an upflow anaerobic sludge blanket reactor (2007)

A Gram-negative, chemo-organotrophic, non-motile, non-spore-forming, rod-shaped bacterium (designated strain Ko04(T)) was isolated from anaerobic granules in an upflow anaerobic sludge blanket reactor, and was investigated using a polyphasic taxonomic approach. Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that strain Ko04(T) belongs to the order Rhizobiales in the Alphaproteobacteria. Comparative 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis showed that strain Ko04(T) was most closely related to Kaistia adipata (97.5 %) and that sequence similarities with other species of Rhizobiales with validly published names were less than 92.5 %. The predominant ubiquinone was Q-10 and the major fatty acids were C(18 : 1)omega7c/omega9t/omega12t, C(19 : 0 )cyclo omega8c and C(18 : 0). The G+C content of the genomic DNA of strain Ko04(T) was 67.8 mol%. The level of DNA-DNA relatedness with K. adipata Chj404(T) was 15 %. The results of the genotypic analyses in combination with chemotaxonomic and physiological data demonstrated that strain Ko04(T) represents a novel species within the genus Kaistia, for which the name Kaistia granuli sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is Ko04(T) (=KCTC 12575(T)=LMG 23410(T)).
Multivariable Static Ankle Mechanical Impedance With Active Muscles (2013)

This paper reports quantification of multivariable static ankle mechanical impedance when muscles were active. Repetitive measurements using a highly backdrivable therapeutic robot combined with robust function approximation methods enabled reliable characterization of the nonlinear torque-angle relation at the ankle in two coupled degrees of freedom simultaneously, a combination of dorsiflexion-plantarflexion and inversion-eversion, and how it varied with muscle activation. Measurements on 10 young healthy seated subjects quantified the behavior of the human ankle when muscles were active at 10% of maximum voluntary contraction. Stiffness, a linear approximation to static ankle mechanical impedance, was estimated from the continuous vector field. As with previous measurements when muscles were maximally relaxed, we found that ankle stiffness was highly direction-dependent, being weakest in inversion/eversion. Predominantly activating a single muscle or co-contracting antagonistic muscles significantly increased ankle stiffness in all directions but it increased more in the sagittal plane than in the frontal plane, accentuating the relative weakness of the ankle in the inversion-eversion direction. Remarkably, the observed increase was not consistent with simple superposition of muscle-generated stiffness, which may be due to the contribution of unmonitored deep ankle muscles. Implications for the assessment of neuro-mechanical disorders are discussed.
Irreversible α adrenoceptor blocking effects and reversible muscarinic blocking and nicotinic blocking effects of tetramine disulfides on the heart (1980)

Inotropic effects of phenylephrine, carbachol, and butyrylcholine were used in the rabbit left atrium to evaluate respectively alpha adrenoceptor blocking, muscarinic blocking, and nicotinic blocking effects of tetramine disulfides ((RNH(CH2)nNH(CH2)2S-)2 x 4HX). The alpha adrenoceptor blocking potencies of newly synthesized derivatives R = 3',4'-(OH)2-benzyl, n = 5-9, were similar to those of compounds R = 2'-OCH2-benzyl, n = 5-7. Muscarinic blocking and nicotinic blocking potencies of tetramine disulfides were correlated with alpha adrenoceptor blocking potency. Compounds R = 3',4'-(OH)2-benzyl had relatively low muscarinic blocking potencies and compounds R = 2'-OCH3-benzyl had relatively low nicotinic blocking potencies.
Performance evaluation of new multi level spreading codes for DS CDMA communication over Rayleigh fading channel (2013)

Code Division Multiple Access system allows multiple users to communicate with each other by sharing common resources and distinguishes each user by assigning a unique spreading code. Spreading codes are also called as user codes as they are used to discriminate multiple users of the system. Walsh, Gold and Kasami codes are the popularly used Binary (2-level) spreading codes. There are orthogonal and non-orthogonal spreading codes. Walsh codes are perfectly orthogonal whereas Gold codes and Kasami codes are nearly orthogonal. In the recent years, researchers are concentrating on the design of multiple level spreading codes. This paper proposes new multi level orthogonal spreading codes constructed using ternary and quaternary Gray and Inverse Gray codes for Direct Sequence Code Division Multiple Access systems. The methodology explained in this paper allows generating r-level user codes of length- 2n. It also allows generation of codes whose lengths are even multiples of the basic code sets. Multi level spreading codes discussed in this paper are non-zero mean, varying power codes. Bit error rate performance of the proposed codes over Rayleigh fading channel and their comparison with those of Walsh and Gold codes is presented in this paper.
Drug resistance mutations and heteroresistance detected using the GenoType MTBDRplusassay and their implication for treatment outcomes in patients from Mumbai, India (2012)

Abstract Background Only 5% of the estimated global multidrug resistant TB (MDRTB) load is currently detected. Endemic Mumbai with increasing MDR would benefit from the introduction of molecular methods to detect resistance. Methods The GenoType MTBDR plus assay was used to determine mutations associated with isoniazid and rifampicin resistance and their correlation with treatment outcomes. It was performed on a convenience sample comprising 88 onset and 67 fifth month isolates for which phenotypic drug susceptibility testing (DST) was determined by the Buddemeyer technique for an earlier study. Simultaneous presence of wild type and mutant bands was referred to as "mixed patterns" (heteroresistance). Results Phenotypically 41 isolates were sensitive; 11 isoniazid, 2 rifampicin, 2 pyrazinamide and 5 ethambutol monoresistant; 16 polyresistant and 78 MDR. The agreement between both methods was excellent (kappa = 0.72-0.92). Of 22 rifampicin resistant onset isolates, the predominant rpoB mutations were the singular lack of WT8 (n = 8) and mixed D516V patterns (n = 9). Of the 64 rifampicin resistant fifth month isolates, the most frequent mutations were in WT8 (n = 31) with a further 9 showing the S531L mutation. Mixed patterns were seen in 22 (34%) isolates, most frequently for the D516V mutation (n = 21). Of the 22 onset and 35 fifth month katG mutants, 13 and 12 respectively showed the S315T1 mutation with loss of the WT. Mixed patterns involving both S315T1 and S315T2 were seen in 9 and 23 isolates respectively. Seventeen of 23 and 23/35 inhA mutant onset and fifth month isolates showed mixed A16G profiles. Additionally, 10 fifth month isolates lacked WT2. Five onset and 6 fifth month isolates had both katG and inhA mutations. An association was noted between only katG but not only inhA resistance and poor outcome ( p = 0.037); and additional resistance to ethambutol ( p = 0.0033). More fifth month than onset isolates had mixed profiles for at least 1 gene ( p = 0.000001). Conclusions The use of the assay to rapidly diagnose MDR could guide simultaneous first- and second-line DST, and reduce the delay in administering appropriate regimens. Furthermore, detection of heteroresistance could prevent inaccurate "cured" treatment outcomes documented through smear microscopy and permit more sensitive detection of neonascent resistance.
The Timeline Analysis Model (1988)

Abstract : The engagement sequence, or timeline, of a tactical weapon system consists of a set of functions or processes, some of which must occur sequentially, while others may run in parallel. Each of these processes may be described by a different mathematical or statistical model. In order to be effective, a weapon system may have to complete its entire timeline within a certain time limit. The Timeline Analysis Model is a computer program which combines the models of the various timeline components to produce a cumulative total timeline distribution. From this distribution one can determine the probability that the weapon system will be successful in meeting its time limit requirement.