gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Muscle tissue ischemia monitoring using impedance spectroscopy: quantitative results of animal studies (2002)

Impedance spectroscopy is a promising method for tissue ischemia measurement, because it is non-invasive and suitable for long-term continuous monitoring. Ischemia causes biochemical and physiological changes in tissue which influence the tissue impedance. These changes can be detected by impedance spectroscopic measurements. To fully develop this method, the authors first constructed a dedicated instrument impedance spectrometer, and then used it to experimentally investigate the relationships between ischemia and tissue impedance. Results from in-vivo animal experiments indicate that the relationships between tissue impedance and ischemia is complex and nonlinear. In order to quantitatively describe this relationship, the authors used artificial neural networks to develop an algorithm for predicting tissue pH based on measured complex tissue impedance (tissue pH is the best known quantitative estimator of the ischemia levels). Preliminary experimental results show a good correlation (/spl ap/95%) between the predicted and actual ischemia levels (expressed in pH). The achieved correlation level is not yet sufficient to provide for accurate measurements of tissue pH.
Separation of particles from coal-derived liquids via surface charge properties. Quarterly progress report, September 15, 1977--December 15, 1977. [Electrofilters] (1977)

A novel device called a cross-flow electrofilter was constructed and tested with a synthetic slurry. Preliminary data indicate that it should be an alternate device for removing particles from coal derived slurries and be able to compete with pressure precoat filters and hydroclones in its ability to remove particles from liquefaction and solvent refined coal process streams.
Thiophene–Diazine Molecular Semiconductors: Synthesis, Structural, Electrochemical, Optical, and Electronic Structural Properties; Implementation in Organic Field‐Effect Transistors (2009)

The synthesis, structural, electrochemical, optical, and electronic structure properties of a new azine-thiophene semiconductor family are reported and compared to those of analogous oligothiophenes. The new molecules are: 5,5'-bis(6-(thien-2-yl)pyrimid-4-yl)-2,2'-dithiophene (1), 5,5'-bis(6-(5-hexylthien-2-yl)pyrimid-4-yl)-2,2'-dithiophene (3), and 5,5'-bis(6-(thien-2-yl)pyridazin-3-yl))-2,2'-dithiophene (2). Electrochemical experiments demonstrate that introduction of electron-poor heteroaromatic rings into the oligothiophene core significantly enhances electron affinity. Thin-film transistors were fabricated with these materials and evaluated both in vacuum and in air. We find that although diazine substitution is important in tuning oligothiophene orbital energetics, these oligomers are p-channel semiconductors and the field-effect transistor (FET) charge transport properties are remarkably similar to these of unsubstituted oligothiophenes. The combined computational-experimental analysis of the molecular and thin film properties indicates that these diazine-containing oligothiophenes essentially behave as pi-extended bithiophenes. Interestingly, despite strong intermolecular interactions, high solid-state fluorescence efficiencies are observed for these new derivatives. Such emission characteristics suggest that these materials behave as more extended pi systems, which should be advantageous in light-emitting transistors.
Interconnected Microphysiological Systems for Quantitative Biology and Pharmacology Studies (2018)

Microphysiological systems (MPSs) are in vitro models that capture facets of in vivo organ function through use of specialized culture microenvironments, including 3D matrices and microperfusion. Here, we report an approach to co-culture multiple different MPSs linked together physiologically on re-useable, open-system microfluidic platforms that are compatible with the quantitative study of a range of compounds, including lipophilic drugs. We describe three different platform designs - "4-way", "7-way", and "10-way" - each accommodating a mixing chamber and up to 4, 7, or 10 MPSs. Platforms accommodate multiple different MPS flow configurations, each with internal re-circulation to enhance molecular exchange, and feature on-board pneumatically-driven pumps with independently programmable flow rates to provide precise control over both intra- and inter-MPS flow partitioning and drug distribution. We first developed a 4-MPS system, showing accurate prediction of secreted liver protein distribution and 2-week maintenance of phenotypic markers. We then developed 7-MPS and 10-MPS platforms, demonstrating reliable, robust operation and maintenance of MPS phenotypic function for 3 weeks (7-way) and 4 weeks (10-way) of continuous interaction, as well as PK analysis of diclofenac metabolism. This study illustrates several generalizable design and operational principles for implementing multi-MPS "physiome-on-a-chip" approaches in drug discovery.
T-splines and T-NURCCs (2003)

This paper presents a generalization of non-uniform B-spline surfaces called T-splines. T-spline control grids permit T-junctions, so lines of control points need not traverse the entire control grid. T-splines support many valuable operations within a consistent framework, such as local refinement, and the merging of several B-spline surfaces that have different knot vectors into a single gap-free model. The paper focuses on T-splines of degree three, which are C 2 (in the absence of multiple knots). T-NURCCs (Non-Uniform Rational Catmull-Clark Surfaces with T-junctions) are a superset of both T-splines and Catmull-Clark surfaces. Thus, a modeling program for T-NURCCs can handle any NURBS or Catmull-Clark model as special cases. T-NURCCs enable true local refinement of a Catmull-Clark-type control grid: individual control points can be inserted only where they are needed to provide additional control, or to create a smoother tessellation, and such insertions do not alter the limit surface. T-NURCCs use stationary refinement rules and are C 2 except at extraordinary points and features.
Network Tomography: A novel algorithm for probing path selection (2015)

The impressive growth experienced by the Internet in the last years, together with the diversity in network technologies are posing more and more challenges in the field of network monitoring, where novel approaches, able to obtain an integrated view among multi-technological and multi-vendor domains, are required. In such a context, Network Tomography (NT) has emerged as a very promising monitoring technique, being able to infer unobservable network performance just relying on end-to-end (E2E) measurements. This work proposes a novel algorithm that permits to overcome one of the main limitations of NT, that is the proper choice of a minimal set of E2E probing connections, which provides a full monitoring coverage of the network. The proposed approach allows to find automatically the minimal set of probing paths thanks to a proper combined use of the Yen algorithm and the Gauss reduction method. We demonstrate the effectiveness of our algorithm via simulation analysis.
Monoclonal Antibodies and Multifunctional Cytochrome P450: Drug Metabolism as Paradigm (2006)

Monoclonal antibodies are reagents par excellence for analyzing the role of individual cytochrome P450 isoforms in multifunctional biological activities catalyzed by cytochrome P450 enzymes. The precision and utility of the monoclonal antibodies have heretofore been applied primarily to studies of human drug metabolism. The unique and precise specificity and high inhibitory activity toward individual cytochrome P450s make the monoclonal antibodies extraordinary tools for identifying and quantifying the role of each P450 isoform in the metabolism of a drug or nondrug xenobiotic. The monoclonal antibodies identify drugs metabolized by individual, several, or polymorphic P450s. A comprehensive collection of monoclonal antibodies has been isolated to human P450s: 1A1, 1A2, 2A6, 2B6, 2C8, 2C9, 2C family, 2C19, 2D6, 2E1, 3A4/5, and 2J2. The monoclonal antibodies can also be used for identifying drugs and/or metabolites useful as markers for in vivo phenotyping. Clinical identification of a patient's phenotype, coupled with precise knowledge of a drug's metabolism, should lead to a reduction of adverse drug reactions and improved drug therapeutics, thereby promoting advances in drug discovery.
Optimal Multi-Codec Adaptive Bitrate Streaming (2019)

We consider adaptive bitrate streaming system serving a population of mobile devices, where first subset of devices can only decode first codec (e.g. H.264), another subset of devices can only decode the second codec (e.g. HEVC), and where the third subset of devices can decode both codecs and can also seamlessly switch between them. We focus on a problem of design of encoding profiles, defining pluralities of streams encoded by both codecs, such that overall quality delivered by such system is optimal. We define this problem mathematically, show how it maps to known classes of optimization problems, and identify approach for solving it numerically. Examples of optimal ladders constructed for different models of networks as well as types of content are provided. It is shown that proposed approach leads to significant improvements compared to systems employing ABR ladders constructed separately for each codec.
Chiral Sulfoxides as Neutral Coordinate‐Organocatalysts in Asymmetric Allylation of N‐Acylhydrazones Using Allyltrichlorosilanes. (2003)

Sulfoxides were first introduced to the allylation of <i>N</i>-acylhydrazones with allyltrichlorosilanes as effective neutral coordinate-organocatalysts (NCOs). Both high diastereo- and enantioselectivity were attained when optically active chiral sulfoxides were used. Asymmetric crotylations using (<i>Z</i>)- and (<i>E</i>)-crotyltrichlorosilanes showed a high level of stereospecificity (<i>Z</i> → anti and <i>E</i> → syn) with high enantioselectivity.
<title>Development of an underwater in-situ spectrophotometric sensor for seawater pH</title> (1996)

A pH sensor based upon spectrophotometric techniques has been developed for in-situ analysis of surface seawater. This sensor utilizes a spectrophotometric pH indicator (Thymol Blue) which has been calibrated for use in seawater as a function of temperature and salinity. Shipboard spectrophotometric pH analyses routinely demonstrate a precision on the order of plus or minus 0.0004 pH units. In- situ analysis of seawater pH has demonstrated a precision on the order of plus or minus 0.001 and an accuracy, using shipboard measurements as a standard, on the order of plus or minus 0.01. The sensor is a self-contained system which pumps seawater, meters in indicator, spectrophotometrically determines indicator absorbance and stores data with a 1 Hz acquisition frequency. The sensor employs two absorbance cells, each with three wavelength channels, to obtain the spectrophotometric absorbance. The sensor system, rated for depths up to 500 m, provides pH, conductivity, temperature and can be operated via computer or in a standalone mode with internal data storage. The sensor utilizes less than 12 watts of power and is packaged in a 29' long by 4.5' diameter aluminum housing.
Laser processed zirconium: Study of corrosion and microstructure (1989)

Zirconium alloys have been laser processed with a 10 kw continuous wave CO2 laser. Corrosion tests were conducted in room temperature 10% FeCl3 (immersion weight loss) and steam autoclave. The corrosion rates showed a 10 to 100‐fold improvement for the laser processed material. There appeared to be a direct relationship between corrosion rate and type of microstructure transformation induced by the laser processing.
A General Purpose Controller for Coupling Multiple Reservoir Simulations and Surface Facility Networks (2003)

Abstract Integrated surface-subsurface modeling has been shown to have a critical impact on field development and optimization. Integrated models are often necessary to analyze properly the pressure interaction between a reservoir and a constrained surface facility network, or to predict the behavior of several fields, which may have different fluid compositions, sharing a common surface facility. The latter is gaining a tremendous significance in recent deepwater field development. These applications require an integrated solution with the following capabilities: To balance a surface network model with a reservoir simulation model in a robust and efficient manner.To couple multiple reservoir models, production and injection networks, synchronising their advancement through time.To allow the reservoir and surface network models to use their own independent fluid descriptions (black oil or compositional descriptions with differing sets of pseudo-components).To apply global production and injection constraints to the coupled system (including the transfer of re-injection fluids between reservoirs). In this paper we describe a general-purpose multi-platform reservoir and network coupling controller having all the above features. The controller communicates with a selection of reservoir simulators and surface network simulators via an open message-passing interface. It manages the balancing of the reservoirs and surface networks, and synchronizes their advancement through time. The controller also applies the global production and injection constraints, and converts the hydrocarbon fluid streams between the different sets of pseudo-components used in the simulation models. The controller's coupling and synchronization algorithms are described, and example applications are provided. The flexibility of the controller's open interface makes it possible to plug in further modules (to perform optimization, for example) and additional simulators.
Effect of monaural and binaural altered auditory feedback on stuttering frequency (1997)

The effect of monaural and binaural alterations in auditory feedback on stuttering frequency was investigated. Eleven participants who stutter read aloud under nonaltered auditory feedback (NAF) and monaural and binaural conditions of frequency altered feedback [(FAF), on-quarter octave shift upward] and delayed auditory feedback [(DAF), 50-ms delay] at a normal speech rate. Relative to the NAF condition, reductions in stuttering frequency of approximately 60%-75% were found with the altered auditory feedback conditions. Post hoc single-df comparisons revealed a reduction in stuttering frequency with altered auditory feedback versus NAF (p < 0.0001), a greater reduction in stuttering frequency for binaural compared to monaural altered auditory feedback (p = 0.028), and nonsignificant differences in stuttering frequencies for right versus left monaural conditions (p = 0.54) and DAF versus FAF (p = 0.70).
Investigation of Frictional Heat Check Casing Failures in Offshore Deepwater Wells Leads to New Mitigation Strategy (2020)

Abstract Chevron experienced four casing leaks in subsea deepwater environments with an estimated cost of $80 million to remediate the wells. A similar incident at BHP resulted in parted casing and cost the company an estimated $21 million. This paper describes the investigative techniques which led to the conclusion of heat checking as the likely root cause of the casing leaks and the development of a 3D static FEA model which predicts downhole casing temperature. The model was validated by historical data analysis of more than 20 deepwater wells and found strong correlations between predicted downhole casing temperature and casing leak incidents. The results provided confidence for the implementation of a drilling parameter window and real-time temperature prediction algorithm to monitor and mitigate the potential for heat checking. The intent of this paper is to share with industry the recent realization and understanding of heat checking as a casing failure mode and mitigation measures put in place to manage a known but not necessarily widely monitored risk.
Wide-area measurement based dynamic stochastic optimal power flow control for smart grids with high variability and uncertainty (2012)

Summary form only given. To achieve a high penetration level of intermittent renewable energy, the operation and control of power systems need to account for the associated high variability and uncertainty. Power system stability and security need to be ensured dynamically as the system operating condition continuously changes. A wide-area measurement based dynamic stochastic optimal power flow (DSOPF) control algorithm using the adaptive critic designs (ACDs) is presented in this paper. The proposed DSOPF control replaces the traditional AGC and secondary voltage control, and provides a coordinated AC power flow control solution to the smart grid operation in an environment with high short-term uncertainty and variability. The ACD technique, specifically the dual heuristic dynamic programming (DHP), is used to provide nonlinear optimal control, where the control objective is explicitly formulated to incorporate power system economy, stability and security considerations. The proposed DSOPF controller dynamically drives the power system to its optimal operating point by continuously adjusting the steady-state set points sent by the traditional OPF algorithm. A 12-bus test power system is used to demonstrate the development and effectiveness of the proposed DSOPF controller.
ChemInform Abstract: Z‐Selective Cross Metathesis with Ruthenium Catalysts: Synthetic Applications and Mechanistic Implications (2015)

Abstract Review: [20 refs.
Two types of MEMS-based oscillating AFM probes (2014)

International audience
Ultrasonic transducer and attenuating material for use therein (1986)

First Page
Natural Language Model Re-usability for Scaling to Different Domains (2016)

Natural language understanding is the core of the human computer interactions. However, building new domains and tasks that need a separate set of models is a bottleneck for scaling to a large number of domains and experiences. In this paper, we propose a practical technique that addresses this issue in a web-scale language understanding system: Microsoft’s personal digital assistant Cortana. The proposed technique uses a constrained decoding method with a universal slot tagging model sharing the same schema as the collection of slot taggers built for each domain. The proposed approach allows reusing of slots across different domains and tasks while achieving virtually the same performance as those slot taggers trained per domain fashion.
State-resolved manipulations of optical gain in semiconductor quantum dots: Size universality, gain tailoring, and surface effects (2009)

Optical gain in strongly confined colloidal semiconductor quantum dots is measured using state resolved pump/probe spectroscopy. Though size tunable optical amplification has been previously reported for these materials, the influence of confinement enhanced multiexcitonic interactions has limited prior demonstrations to specific particle sizes or host media. Here we show that the influence of the interfering multiexcitonic interactions, and hence the development of optical gain, is dependent on the identity of the initially prescribed excitonic state. By maintaining a constant excitonic state in the size tunable electronic structure of these materials, we recover the predicted universal development of optical gain, reflected by size-independent occupation thresholds, and differential gains. In addition, we explicitly compare the influence of surface passivation on the development and lifetime of the optical gain. Furthermore, we introduce a general, state-resolved pumping scheme which enables control over the optical gain spectrum. The capacity to manipulate the optical gain spectra of these spherically confined systems is evident in both the measured stimulated emission and amplified spontaneous emission. We anticipate that state-resolved optical excitation will be a useful method of enabling the development and manipulation of optical gain in any quantized nanostructure.
ELI: Empowering LTE with Interference Awareness in Unlicensed Spectrum (2018)

The advent of LTE into the unlicensed spectrum has necessitated the understanding of its operational efficiency when sharing spectrum with different radio access technologies. Our study reveals that LTE, owing to its inherent transmission characteristics, suffers significant performance degradation in the presence of interference caused by hidden terminals. This motivates the need for interference-awareness in LTE's channel access in unlicensed spectrum. To address this problem, we propose ELI. ELI's three-pronged solution equips the LTE base station with novel techniques to: (a) accurately detect and measure interference caused by hidden terminals, (b) collect interference statistics from clients across different channels with affordable overhead, and (c) leverage interference-awareness to improve its channel access performance. Our evaluations show that ELI can achieve 1.5-2x throughput gains over baseline schemes. Finally, ELI is LTE-LAA/MulteFire-standard compliant and can be deployed over the existing LTE-LAA implementation without any modifications.
Microbubble behavior during long tone-burst ultrasound excitation (2015)

Ultrasound-microbubble mediated therapies have been investigated to restore perfusion and enhance drug/gene delivery, using both short (~μs) and long (~ms) ultrasound tone-bursts. Microbubble oscillation behavior can be observed with ultra-high speed microscopy; however, due to the high frame rate required and limited number of frames available, microbubble dynamic behavior can only be observed for a few acoustic cycles (~μs). In this report, the fate of microbubbles throughout long tone-burst ultrasound exposures (5 ms) was explored via direct microscopic optical observation in conjunction with passive cavitation detection, over a range of acoustic pressures (0.25, 0.5, 1.0, and 1.5 MPa) and microbubble concentrations (2e6, 2e7, and 2e8 MB/ml). The ultrasound system was triggered from UPMC Cam, the ultra-high speed camera system at the University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, such that microbubble activity at various time points (0–5 ms) within the long tone-burst was captured. Microbubbles first underwent stable or inertial cavitation depending on the acoustic pressure used, and then formed gas-filled clusters that continued to oscillate, break up, and form new clusters. Cavitation detection confirmed continued, albeit diminishing acoustic activity throughout the 5 ms ultrasound excitation. This discovery suggests that persisting cavitation activity during long tone-bursts may confer additional therapeutic effect for ultrasound-microbubble mediated therapies.
Oil palm phenolics confer neuroprotective effects involving cognitive and motor functions in mice (2013)

These results suggest that the improvement of mouse cognitive and motor functions by OPP is caused by the neuroprotective and anti-inflammatory effects of the extract.