gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
RNA interference rescue by bacterial artificial chromosome transgenesis in mammalian tissue culture cells (2005)

RNA interference (RNAi) is a widely used method for analysis of gene function in tissue culture cells. However, to date there has been no reliable method for testing the specificity of any particular RNAi experiment. The ideal experiment is to rescue the phenotype by expression of the target gene in a form refractory to RNAi. The transgene should be expressed at physiological levels and with its different splice variants. Here, we demonstrate that expression of murine bacterial artificial chromosomes in human cells provides a reliable method to create RNAi-resistant transgenes. This strategy should be applicable to all eukaryotes and should therefore be a standard technology for confirming the specificity of RNAi. We show that this technique can be extended to allow the creation of tagged transgenes, expressed at physiological levels, for the further study of gene function.
Methyl Chloride Production from Methane over Lanthanum-Based Catalysts (2007)

The mechanism of selective production of methyl chloride by a reaction of methane, hydrogen chloride, and oxygen over lanthanum-based catalysts was studied. The results suggest that methane activation proceeds through oxidation-reduction reactions on the surface of catalysts with an irreducible metal-lanthanum, which is significantly different from known mechanisms for oxidative chlorination. Activity and spectroscopic measurements show that lanthanum oxychloride (LaOCl), lanthanum trichloride (LaCl3), and lanthanum phases with an intermediate extent of chlorination are all active for this reaction. The catalyst is stable with no noticeable deactivation after three weeks of testing. Kinetic measurements suggest that methane activation proceeds on the surface of the catalyst. Flow and pulse experiments indicate that the presence of hydrogen chloride is not required for activity, and its role appears to be limited to maintaining the extent of catalyst chlorination. In contrast, the presence of gas-phase oxygen is essential for catalytic activity. Density-functional theory calculations suggest that oxygen can activate surface chlorine species by adsorbing dissociatively and forming OCl surface species, which can serve as an active site for methane activation. The proposed mechanism, thus, involves changing of the formal oxidation state of surface chlorine from -1 to +1 without any changes in the oxidation state of the underlying metal.
Detection of Giardia cysts with a cDNA probe and applications to water samples (1991)

Giardiasis is the most common human parasite infection in the United States, causing a lengthy course of diarrhea. Transmission of Giardia species is by the fecal-oral route, and numerous waterborne outbreaks have been documented. The Environmental Protection Agency has regulated Giardia species in drinking water through the Surface Water Treatment Rule. Current methods for detection of Giardia species in water rely primarily on microscopic observation of water concentrates with immunofluorescence techniques. We evaluated the efficacy of using a gene-specific probe for the detection of Giardia species in water. A cDNA probe, 265 bp long, from the small subunit of rRNA of Giardia lamblia was used for detection of cysts. The replicative form of the M13 vector with an insert was isolated from lysed host Escherichia coli XL1-Blue and used for production of the cDNA probe by nick translation with 32P-labeled nucleotides. Six different protocols were tested for extracting nucleic acids from the cysts. With the most efficient procedure, disrupting Giardia cysts with glass beads in the presence of proteinase K, as few as 1 to 5 cysts per ml can be detected in water sample concentrates with dot blot hybridization assays.
Ghana - Education Sector Project : environmental assessment (2003)

This report outlines mitigation measures to be used to address potential negative environmental and social impacts for the Education Sector Project, which improves educational standards in Ghana. The measures outlined include the following: Plan construction work to avoid conflict with cultural and religious activities, seasonal migration, climatic conditions, and farming activities. To reduce erosion, avoid leaving site unused for a long period of time, time work to avoid rainy season, select level land or land with minimal slope, and landscape land surrounding project buildings. To reduce water pollution, have on-site mobile toilets and garbage cans. Fill in and drain burrow pits and improve landscaping of source of laterite and sand. Subject water to quality analysis initially to determine that it meets quality standards and test quality annually. Maintain professional work on the septic tanks and pits to avoid groundwater contamination. Use good housekeeping measures of sanitation facilities to minimize odors, flies, and pests. To reduce the spread of water-borne diseases, avoid stagnant water ponds, and prevent users from washing their bodies and articles close to the water point. Secure wells and boreholes by raising concrete barriers that are covered and locked. Select sites that do not affect water quality or interfere with the natural drainage pattern in the area or that . Reduce dust by frequent watering and using dust masks. Avoid occupational hazards and public accidents by marking materials and equipment and delimiting work areas, having workers wear protective gear ( including ear protection gadgets to block noise), give instructions for using, handling, storing, transporting, and disposing of hazardous substances (e.g., petroleum). Manage liquid waste by ensuring pupils use toilets and urinals, inspecting schools, and periodically emptying septic tanks. Manage solid waste by using garbage cans and garbage collection.
Accuracy of the Bethe approximation for hyperparameter estimation in probabilistic image processing (2004)

We investigate the accuracy of statistical-mechanical approximations for the estimation of hyperparameters from observable data in probabilistic image processing, which is based on Bayesian statistics and maximum likelihood estimation. Hyperparameters in statistical science correspond to interactions or external fields in the statistical-mechanics context. In this paper, hyperparameters in the probabilistic model are determined so as to maximize a marginal likelihood. A practical algorithm is described for grey-level image restoration based on a Gaussian graphical model and the Bethe approximation. The algorithm corresponds to loopy belief propagation in artificial intelligence. We examine the accuracy of hyperparameter estimation when we use the Bethe approximation. It is well known that a practical algorithm for probabilistic image processing can be prescribed analytically when a Gaussian graphical model is adopted as a prior probabilistic model in Bayes' formula. We are therefore able to compare, in a numerical study, results obtained through mean-field-type approximations with those based on exact calculation.
A distributed group tool for issue analysis (2002)

A description is given of the architecture and implementation of a distributed graphical tool, the Graphic Issue Analysis (GIA) system to support brainstorming and issue analysis. GIA is implemented using an object-oriented environment for personal computers attached to local networks. It allows groups to share issues and comments on those issues in real time. This group tool allows the user to represent a mental model graphically and share it with others in the group in real time. Conflicts are resolved and semantic information in a general form is preserved. It is expected that the information captured and displayed will greatly enhance the group's ability to gather ideas and reach a consensus on those ideas.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
A Comparative Study of the Electrophysiologic Effects of Striadyne, Adenosine Triphosphate and Adenosine in the Canine Heart (1985)

The chronotropic and dromotropic effects of the intra-atrial administration of 0.97, 1.93 and 2.90 microM/kg Striadyne, the pharmaceutical form of adenosine triphosphate (ATP) for clinical use, ATP, and adenosine, were compared in 13 anesthetized dogs. Striadyne, ATP and adenosine exerted transient dose-dependent negative chronotropic and dromotropic effects. There was no significant difference between the electrophysiologic effects of Striadyne and ATP which were significantly more pronounced than those of adenosine. Atropine (0.2 mg/kg) significantly attenuated the electrophysiologic effects of 2.90 microM/kg Stridyne and ATP but not those of adenosine. It is concluded that Striadyne and ATP have similar electrophysiologic effects which are more pronounced than those of adenosine mainly due to vagal involvement in their mechanism of action.
Design of provably good low-density parity check codes (2002)

We design sequences of low-density parity check codes that provably perform at rates extremely close to the Shannon capacity. These codes are built from highly irregular bipartite graphs with carefully chosen degree patterns on both sides. We further show that under suitable conditions the message densities fulfil a certain symmetry condition which we call the consistency condition and we present a stability condition which is the most powerful tool to date to bound/determine the threshold of a given family of low-density parity check codes.
Optical feature extraction with illumination-encoded linear functions (2012)

The choice of an appropriate illumination design is one of the most important steps in creating successful machine vision systems for automated inspection tasks. In a popular technique, multiple inspection images are captured under angular-varying illumination directions over the hemisphere, which yields a set of images referred to as illumination series. However, most existing approaches are restricted in that they use rather simple patterns like point- or sector-shaped illumination patterns on the hemisphere. In this paper, we present an illumination technique which reduces the effort for capturing inspection images for each reflectance feature by using linear combinations of basis light patterns over the hemisphere as feature-specific illumination patterns. The key idea is to encode linear functions for feature extraction as angular-dependent illumination patterns, and thereby to compute linear features from the scene's reflectance field directly in the optical domain. In the experimental part, we evaluate the proposed illumination technique on the problem of optical material type classification of printed circuit boards (PCBs).
Numerical Simulation and Clinical Implications of Stenosis in Coronary Blood Flow (2014)

Fractional flow reserve (FFR) is the gold standard to guide coronary interventions. However it can only be obtained via invasive angiography. The objective of this study is to propose a noninvasive method to determine FFRCT by combining computed tomography angiographic (CTA) images and computational fluid dynamics (CFD) technique. Utilizing the method, this study explored the effects of diameter stenosis (DS), stenosis length, and location on FFRCT. The baseline left anterior descending (LAD) model was reconstructed from CTA of a healthy porcine heart. A series of models were created by adding an idealized stenosis (with DS from 45% to 75%, stenosis length from 4 mm to 16 mm, and at 4 locations separately). Through numerical simulations, it was found that FFRCT decreased (from 0.89 to 0.74), when DS increased (from 45% to 75%). Similarly, FFRCT decreased with the increase of stenosis length and the stenosis located at proximal position had lower FFRCT than that at distal position. These findings are consistent with clinical observations. Applying the same method on two patients' CTA images yielded FFRCT close to the FFR values obtained via invasive angiography. The proposed noninvasive computation of FFRCT is promising for clinical diagnosis of CAD.
Peripheral blood progenitor cell transplantation in lymphoma and leukemia using a single apheresis (1993)

Myeloablative treatment and peripheral blood progenitor cell (PBPC) transplantation are increasingly used for lymphomas and leukemias. We have sought to optimize conditions for priming, collection, and engraftment of the leukapheresis product. Fifty-four consecutive adult patients were eligible, 31 with high-grade non-Hodgkin's lymphoma of poor prognosis, 12 with Hodgkin's disease in chemosensitive relapse, and 11 with poor prognosis acute lymphoblastic leukemia. Filgrastim was administered after routine chemotherapy with VAPEC-B or HiCCOM to mobilize PBPC. A rapidly increasing white blood cell count was used to predict the time of peak PBPC release and plan leukapheresis. Forty- five patients underwent leukapheresis. A median of 14 L of blood was processed at a single apheresis. A median of 2.4 x 10(8)/kg mononuclear cells (MNCs), 1.04 x 10(6)/kg granulocyte-macrophage colony-forming cells (GM-CFCs), and 10.6 x 10(6)/kg CD34+ cells were obtained. Slightly fewer MNCs were obtained from the heavily pretreated Hodgkin's disease group. There were no other significant differences in the size or composition of the leukapheresis harvest in the three patient groups. Forty patients underwent high-dose therapy and PBPC transplantation. Filgrastim was administered by daily subcutaneous injection until the absolute neutrophil count was > or = 1 x 10(9)/L for 2 consecutive days. Rapid and sustained hematopoietic engraftment occurred in all patients. The median time to achieve a neutrophil count > or = 0.5 x 10(9)/L was 9 days (range, 8 to 16 days); to achieve a platelet count > or = 20 x 10(9)/L was 10 days (range, 6 to 88 days); and to achieve a platelet count > or = 50 x 10(9)/L was 15.5 days (range, 10 to 100 days). Neutrophil recovery was faster than that of a historical control group treated with autologous bone marrow transplantation and filgrastim, but platelet recovery times were halved in the PBPC group. There was no secondary engraftment failure. Requirements for blood and platelet transfusions, antibiotic use, and parenteral nutrition were similar in the three patient groups. The median number of days in the hospital was 13 (range, 10 to 55) in the PBPC patients, compared with 19 (range, 14 to 51) in the historical controls. Leukapheresis yields (MNC, GM-CFC, and CD34+ cell numbers) were not useful for predicting the times to engraftment. We have shown that sufficient PBPC for transplantation can be obtained at a single leukapheresis after mobilization with routine chemotherapy and filgrastim in patients with non-Hodgkin's lymphoma, Hodgkin's disease, and acute lymphoblastic leukemia, even those heavily pretreated.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
[Reaction of hydrazines with benzoylacrylic acid]. (1978)

The concept of load-based work-order release has been studied by many researchers. The general finding is that controlled work-order release in combination with a FCFS release rule (earliest release date) leads to a poorer delivery performance as compared to immediate release. The main reason for this is that this type of release policy leads to unnecessary resource idle times.\nIn this research we investigate a more sophisticated form of controlled work-order release. As reference point, we use an immediate release situation with Poisson order arrivals times and a general order lead time equal to the average work-order flow time under immediate release. In particular, we investigate release rules which give priority to orders that require resources which currently are underloaded and delay orders which require resources that are overloaded. The research shows that this type of release policy can lead to a better delivery performance than immediate release.
Effect of Anastrozole on Bone Mineral Density: 5-Year Results From the Anastrozole, Tamoxifen, Alone or in Combination Trial 18233230 (2008)

Anastrozole is associated with accelerated bone loss over the 5-year treatment period. However, although patients with pre-existing osteopenia are likely to require monitoring and bone-protection strategies, patients with normal BMD would not appear to require monitoring beyond the recommendation for healthy postmenopausal women. The effect of anastrozole on bone should be weighed against its superior efficacy and better tolerability profile versus tamoxifen in the main ATAC trial.
Familial Aggregation of Migraine and Depression: Insights From a Large Australian Twin Sample (2016)

We observed significant evidence for a genetic contribution to familial aggregation of migraine and depression. Our findings suggest a bi-directional association between migraine and depression, with an increased risk for depression in relatives of probands reporting migraine, and vice versa. However, the observed risk for migraine in relatives of probands reporting depression was considerably higher than the reverse. These results add further support to previous studies suggesting that patients with comorbid migraine and depression are genetically more similar to patients with only depression than patients with only migraine.
Introduction to the Ronchigram and its Calculation with Ronchigram.com (2019)

Abstract
<title>Quantum random number generator</title> (2001)

Since reflection or transmission of a quantum particle on a beamsplitter is inherently random quantum process, a device built on this principle does not suffer from drawbacks of neither pseudo-random computer generators or classical noise sources. Nevertheless, a number of physical conditions necessary for high quality random numbers generation must be satisfied. Luckily, in quantum optics realization they can be well controlled. We present an easy random number generator based on the division of weak light pulses on a beamsplitter. The randomness of the generated bit stream is supported by passing the data through series of 15 statistical test. The device generates at a rate of 109.7 kbit/s.
Antidiuretic Hormone (ADH) and Endolymphatic Hydrops (1995)

Plasma antidiuretic hormone (p-ADH) concentrations were determined with a radioimmunoassay, using a reversed-phase C18 silica column, in 300 patients with vertigo, dizziness and/or deafness; 119 of them had a diagnosis of Menière's disease. The p-ADH level was significantly elevated in patients with Meniere's disease and others with endolymphatic hydrops, e.g. cochlear Menière's disease or delayed hydrops. By contrast, the p-ADH level was not so high in cases without the endolymphatic hydrops. The increase in the p-ADH level was closely linked to vertigo attacks, the glycerol test results and an enhanced negative summating potential (-SP) in electrocochleogram (ECochG). These results lead to the assumption that disorders of ADH-dependent hormonal control in the inner ear may constitute the possible mechanism underlying vertiginous attacks and deafness in patients with endolymphatic hydrops.
Autism and Tuberous Sclerosis (2004)

The co-occurrence of autism spectrum disorder and tuberous sclerosis complex has been recognized for decades. The prevalence of tuberous sclerosis complex in the autism spectrum disorder population is 1 to 4%, whereas features of autism spectrum disorder are present in 25 to 50% of individuals with tuberous sclerosis complex. The underlying reason for this association might be a nonspecific disruption of brain function owing to tuberous sclerosis complex, including tuber location, seizures and their effect on brain development, cognitive impairment, a disturbance in brain development in regions associated with autism spectrum disorder, or, less likely, a linkage between a TSC gene and an autism susceptibility gene. Awareness of the relationship between autism spectrum disorder and tuberous sclerosis complex is important during the evaluation of individuals with either disorder. Better delineation of the association and its causative factors is needed for the development of possible interventions.
Surgical Field Fire During a Repair of Bronchoesophageal Fistula (2005)

Most surgical fires involve the airway but they can also occur in the surgical field. Herein, we report an intraoperative fire in the surgical field during repair of a bronchoesophageal fistula. During the portion of the surgery after the fistula was divided and the bronchus was open to atmosphere, continuous positive airway pressure was applied to the nondependent lung, and in conjunction with the use of electrocautery and dry sponges in the field, resulted in a fire. Anesthesia for thoracic surgery carries unique risks of fire because these patients frequently require large oxygen concentrations, special interventions for improving oxygenation, and have variable degrees of airway disruption. This report highlights unique safety concerns during anesthesia for thoracic surgery, and addresses more general safety issues relating to fire risk in all surgical patients.
Mutual Interference of Millimeter-Wave Radar Systems (2007)

This paper examines the probability that any millimeter-wave radar systems will interfere mutually by considering spatial, temporal, and operational frequency-related overlaps. It examines the nature and magnitude of the interference under different conditions and for different sensor types before concluding that in an overlapping frequency band, the probability that interference will occur is high. It goes on to demonstrate that, though there are some forms of interference that can be identified and controlled, there are others which are impossible to isolate, resulting in degraded target detection performance and tracking
Characterization of Binary Uranium Oxides by Infrared Spectroscopy (1994)

In this study transmission infrared spectra were recorded for 15 uranium oxides previously characterized by X-ray diffraction. The infrared spectra obtained demonstrated that all the uranium oxides studied could be distinguished, even for the closely similar structures of UO 2 and U 4 O 9 . The infrared studies of U 4 O 9 near the temperature of the α-U 4 O 9 to β-U 4 O 9 phase transition showed that an absorption at 670 cm −1 could be related to the ordering of oxygen interstitials in the fluorite lattice. A similar absorption was observed for β-U 3 O 7 but was found to be absent in α-U 3 O 7 . The local coordination of oxygen/metal clusters in β-U 4 O 9 and β-U 3 O 7 appeared to be similar.
Chip-Scale Atomic Frequency References: Fabrication and Performance (2005)

The physics package for a chip-scale atomic frequency reference was constructed and tested. The device has a total volume of 9.5 mm 3, dissipates 75 mW of electrical power at an ambient temperature of 45 °C and has a short-term fractional frequency instability of 2.4×10-10 /��. Advanced cell fabrication techniques indicate a long-term instability near 10-11 may be feasible. 1
Remotely-interrogated high data rate free space laser communications link (2023)

A system and method of remotely extracting information from a communications station by interrogation with a low power beam. Nonlinear phase conjugation of the low power beam results in a high power encoded return beam that automatically tracks the input beam and is corrected for atmospheric distortion. Intracavity nondegenerate four wave mixing is used in a broad area semiconductor laser in the communications station to produce the return beam.
Inferring models of concurrent systems from logs of their behavior with CSight (2014)

Concurrent systems are notoriously difficult to debug and understand. A common way of gaining insight into system behavior is to inspect execution logs and documentation. Unfortunately, manual inspection of logs is an arduous process, and documentation is often incomplete and out of sync with the implementation.