gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Introduction of pinning centers into Tl-(1223) phase of Tl–Sr–Ca–Cu–O systems (1991)

Pinning centers were successfully introduced into the (1223) phase of Tl–Sr–Ca–Cu–O system using its derivative (Tl/Pb)–(Sr/Ba)–Ca–Cu–O with the nominal composition of (0.5/0.5)−(1.6/0.4)–2–3. The bulk sample showed a strong flux pinning characteristics. The critical current density, Jc, was obtained from the magnetization measurement. The intragrain Jc was ∼43,000 A/cm2 at 77 K and 1 T. The transport Jc of a tape with the (1223) material in core was ∼500 A/cm2 at 77 K and 5 T.
Porous Silica Particles: Synthesis, Physicochemical Characterization and Evaluation of Suspension Stability (2017)

This work reports about the synthesis and/or physicochemical characterization of five important types of porous silica particles with different characteristic properties. The instrumental characterization includes transmission electron microscopy (TEM) to study particle structure and size, porosimetry (nitrogen adsorption-desorption) to determine specific surface area (SSA), pore diameter and pore volume, dynamic light scattering (DLS) to measure hydrodynamic diameter and zeta potential, thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) to calculate the weight loss percentage upon programmed heating. Aggregation kinetics profiles of bare porous silica particles have been studied with DLS to check their suspension stability. The characterization data presented are critical to compare the properties of synthesized porous silicas with those of reported or newly synthesized porous silica particles and to modulate the performance of mesoporous silica particles according to the applications under study.
Beyond incoherence: stable and robust sampling strategies for compressive imaging (2012)

In many signal processing applications, one wishes to acquire images that are sparse in transform domains such as spatial finite differences or wavelets using frequency domain samples. For such applications, overwhelming empirical evidence suggests that superior image reconstruction can be obtained through variable density sampling strategies that concentrate on lower frequencies. The wavelet and Fourier transform domains are not incoherent because low-order wavelets and low-order frequencies are correlated, so compressed sensing theory does not immediately imply sampling strategies and reconstruction guarantees. In this paper we turn to a more refined notion of coherence – the so-called local coherence – measuring for each sensing vector separately how correlated it is to the sparsity basis. For Fourier measurements and Haar wavelet sparsity, the local coherence can be controlled, so for matrices comprised of frequencies sampled from suitable power-law densities, we can prove the restricted isometry property with near-optimal embedding dimensions. Consequently, the variable-density sampling strategies we provide — which are independent of the ambient dimension up to logarithmic factors — allow for image reconstructions that are stable to sparsity defects and robust to measurement noise. Our results cover both reconstruction by `1-minimization and by total variation minimization.
Transductive SVM for reducing the training effort in BCI (2007)

A brain-computer interface (BCI) provides a communication channel that translates human intention reflected by a brain signal such as electroencephalogram (EEG) into a control signal for an output device. In this work, the main concern is to reduce the training effort for BCI, which is often tedious and time consuming. Here we introduce a transductive support vector machines (TSVM) algorithm for the classification of EEG signals associated with mental tasks. TSVM possess the property of using both labeled and unlabeled data for reducing the calibration time in BCI and achieving good performance in classification accuracy. The advantages of the proposed method over the traditional supervised support vector machines (SVM) method are confirmed by about 2%-9% higher classification accuracies on a set of EEG recordings of three subjects from three-tasks-based mental imagery experiments.
Modeling Precursors for Event Forecasting via Nested Multi-Instance Learning (2016)

Forecasting large-scale societal events like civil unrest movements, disease outbreaks, and elections is an important and challenging problem. From the perspective of human analysts and policy makers, forecasting algorithms must not only make accurate predictions but must also provide supporting evidence, e.g., the causal factors related to the event of interest. We develop a novel multiple instance learning based approach that jointly tackles the problem of identifying evidence-based precursors and forecasts events into the future. Specifically, given a collection of streaming news articles from multiple sources we develop a nested multiple instance learning approach to forecast significant societal events such as protests. Using data from three countries in Latin America, we demonstrate how our approach is able to consistently identify news articles considered as precursors for protests. Our empirical evaluation demonstrates the strengths of our proposed approach in filtering candidate precursors, in forecasting the occurrence of events with a lead time advantage and in accurately predicting the characteristics of civil unrest events.
Proton pump inhibitors: new drugs and indications. (1996)

Proton pump inhibitors irreversibly inhibit the enzyme hydrogen-potassium adenosine triphosphatase (H(+)-K(+)-ATPase), which suppresses acid production in the parietal cell of the stomach. Omeprazole, the prototype proton pump inhibitor, has proved to be very effective. However, newer agents are being designed to provide even more potent acid suppression and longer-acting proton pump inhibition, with the goal of further controlling gastric hypersecretion. Lansoprazole is the second proton pump inhibitor available on the market. Pantoprazole is not yet available for general use in the United States. However, each of these drugs is slightly different from omeprazole, thus offering some possible clinical advantages. Compared with omeprazole, lansoprazole has a longer duration of action and improved activity against Helicobacter pylori, while pantoprazole has less interaction with the cytochrome P-450 system and more predictable bioavailability. All three agents have similarly high healing rates for acid peptic diseases and appear to be superior to histamine2-receptor antagonists.
Soil Treatment with Entomopathogenic Fungi for Corn Rootworm (Diabroticaspp.) Larval Control (1997)

Field trials were conducted in 1988 and 1989 to determine the efficacy of soil applications of the entomopathogenic fungiMetarhizium anisopliaeandBeauveria bassianaagainst the southern corn rootworm (SCR),Diabrotica undecimpunctata,in corn. Dry mycelial particles were incorporated into the soil to a depth of 15 cm at rates of 9.3 and 0.93 g particles/m row at planting time. The concentration of fungus in soil increased during the first month postapplication and then decreased during the second month for both trials. One month after the application of fungus, the treated soil adjacent to corn plants was infested with 300–350 and 600–650 SCR eggs during 1988 and 1989, respectively. In 1988, the high treatment rate ofM. anisopliaewas equal to the uninfested control in preventing goosenecked plants and larval feeding on roots and in limiting adult emergence. The effectiveness of the high rate ofM. anisopliaecoincided with a stable soil concentration of the fungus of at least 2.7 × 105CFU/cm3soil during larval development. All other fungal treatments provided lesser degrees of plant protection and reduced adult emergence compared to the SCR-infested control. In 1989, the effectiveness of all fungal treatments was reduced compared to that in 1988. However, root damage ratings among plants in fungus-treated soil were significantly lower than those in the SCR-infested control.
Optical receiver sensitivity enhancement by single- and dual-band fiber optical parametric amplifier (2017)

A semi-classical model is proposed theoretically and demonstrated experimentally on the optical receiver sensitivity enhancement by single-band (signal or idler) and dual-band (signal and idler) fiber optical parametric amplifier (FOPA). The sensitivity enhancement by single-band is determined by the gain of FOPA and the transmission loss of signal and idler, and it can be further improved by up to 3-dB using amplified signal and phase-conjugated idler together at dual-band configuration. The theoretical results are experimentally verified in both fiber communication and biomedical imaging applications. This detection sensitivity enhancement scheme can be potentially applied in the scenarios where ultrafast broadband signal at low-power level is being handled.
Tethyan ophiolite emplacement, Africa to Europe motions, and Atlantic spreading (2006)

Abstract Final emplacement of the mid-Jurassic and mid-Cretaceous supra-subduction zone (SSZ) ophiolites onto adjacent continental areas in the Mediterranean region is synchronous with reductions in the rate of motion between Africa and stable Europe. The Apennine-Ligurian-Alpine ophiolites lack SSZ chemistry, are mid-ocean ridge basalt (MORB)-like, range in age from c. 169 to 148 Ma, and were emplaced in late Cretaceous and Cenozoic time. The Hellenic-Dinaric SSZ ophiolites include some MORB, ranging from 173 to 168 Ma, and were emplaced, eroded, and covered by younger sediments by c. 140 Ma. The creation of the Apennine-Ligurian-Alpine and Hellenic-Dinaric suites is attributed to the motion of Adria, which formed a promontory on Africa, or essentially moved with it, as the central Atlantic opened. Extension to the west of Adria gave rise to the Ligurian Sea, generating MORB crust; to the east, a pre-existing Triassic ocean was subducted, with rollback creating Jurassic SSZ ophiolites that were emplaced onto adjacent continental margins in the later stages of convergence. The two episodes of slower motions between Africa and Europe are attributed to two episodes of attempted subduction of a passive continental margin. This speculation suggests that emplacement of some SSZ ophiolites may exert a significant control on oceanic spreading patterns.
Mouse Siglec-F and human Siglec-8 are functionally convergent paralogs that are selectively expressed on eosinophils and recognize 6′-sulfo-sialyl Lewis X as a preferred glycan ligand (2005)

Mouse sialic acid-binding immunoglobulin-like lectin F (Siglec-F) is an eosinophil surface receptor, which contains an immunoreceptor tyrosine-based inhibitory motif (ITIM) in its cytoplasmic domain, implicating it as a regulator of cell signaling as documented for other siglecs. Here, we show that the sialoside sequence 6'-sulfo-sLe(X) (Neu5Acalpha2-3[6-SO4] Galbeta1-4[Fucalpha1-3]GlcNAc) is a preferred ligand for Siglec-F. In glycan array analysis of 172 glycans, recombinant Siglec-F-Fc chimeras bound with the highest avidity to 6'-sulfo-sLe X. Secondary analysis showed that related structures, sialyl-Lewis X (sLe X) and 6-sulfo-sLe X containing 6-GlcNAc-SO4 showed much lower binding avidity, indicating significant contribution of 6-Gal-SO4 on Siglec-F binding to 6'-sulfo-sLe x. The lectin activity of Siglec-F on mouse eosinophils was "masked" by endogenous cis ligands and could be unmasked by treatment with sialidase. Unmasked Siglec-F mediated mouse eosinophil binding and adhesion to multivalent 6'-sulfo-sLe X structure, and these interactions were inhibited by anti-Siglec-F monoclonal antibody (mAb). Although there is no clear-cut human ortholog of Siglec-F, Siglec-8 is encoded by a paralogous gene that is expressed selectively by human eosinophils and has recently been found to recognize 6'-sulfo-sLe X. These observations suggest that mouse Siglec-F and human Siglec-8 have undergone functional convergence during evolution and implicate a role for the interaction of these siglecs with their preferred 6'-sulfo-sLe X ligand in eosinophil biology.
Simulation and understanding of range images acquired in fast motion (2002)

Scanning systems of existing range finders are sequential. The understanding and analysis of static range images has spread in the scientific community. Such images are widely used in the fields of vision and robotics. However, it is not yet clear what a range finder sees and what it does not see at high velocities. Depending on the scanning system, obstacles may be missed, if the vehicle velocity is not well related to the acquisition rate. A Laser Range Finder Scanning System Simulator such as LRF3S helps to relate vehicle motion to the scanning mechanism. Simulations show the location of each scanned point on the scene at speeds defined on the trajectory. The authors believe that they help to understand dynamic range images and that they are a framework for the design of a range finder scanning system best adapted for an application.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Computing Curve Skeletons from Medial Surfaces of 3D Shapes (2012)

Skeletons are powerful shape descriptors with many applications in shape processing, reconstruction and matching. In this paper we show that in 3D, curve skeletons can be extracted from surface skeletons in the same manner as surface skeletons can be computed from 3D object representations. Thus, the curve skeleton is conceptually the result of a recursion applied twice to a given 3D shape. To compute them, we propose an explicit advection of the surface skeleton in the implicitly-computed gradient of its distance-transform field. Through this process, surface skeleton points collapse into the sought curve skeleton. As a side result, we show how to reconstruct accurate and smooth surface skeletons from point-cloud representations thereof. Finally, we compare our method to existing state-of-the-art approaches.
Protection of Calves with a Vaccine against Cryptosporidium parvum (1995)

Cryptosporidium parvum causes enteric infection and diarrhea in calves, other species of economically important livestock, and humans. There are no effective treatments currently licensed for this parasite, and preventive measures are difficult. In addition to direct economic losses to the cattle industry, infected calves may contaminate water supplies with oocysts and contribute to human cryptosporidiosis. We have developed a vaccine offering partial protection against C. parvum infection in calves. Nine calves received an oral preparation of lyophilized C. parvum oocysts shortly after birth, and 10 calves served as nonvaccinated controls. All calves received colostrum. At 1 wk of age, all calves were administered 10(4) viable C. parvum oocysts orally. Clinical disease and oocyst shedding were monitored daily. Mean duration of diarrhea was 4 days for control calves and 1.7 days for vaccinated calves. Mean duration of oocyst shedding was 5.3 days for control calves and 2 days for vaccinated calves. These differences were statistically significant and suggest that this vaccine has the potential to reduce diarrhea and oocyst shedding caused by C. parvum.
Boosting Database Replication Scalability through Partial Replication and 1-Copy-Snapshot-Isolation (2007)

Databases have become a crucial component in modern information systems. At the same time, they have become the main bottleneck in most systems. Database replication protocols have been proposed to solve the scalability problem by scaling out in a cluster of sites. Current techniques have attained some degree of scalability, however there are two main limitations to existing approaches. Firstly, most solutions adopt a full replication model where all sites store a full copy of the database. The coordination overhead imposed by keeping all replicas consistent allows such approaches to achieve only medium scalability. Secondly, most replication protocols rely on the traditional consistency criterion, 1-copy-serializability, which limits concurrency, and thus scalability of the system. In this paper, we first analyze analytically the performance gains that can be achieved by various partial replication configurations, i.e., configurations where not all sites store all data. From there, we derive a partial replication protocol that provides 1-copy-snapshot isolation as correctness criterion. We have evaluated the protocol with TPC-W and the results show better scalability than full replication.
Development of a Fluxless Soldering Process for Surface Mount Technology (1990)

In the surface mount industry, microelectronic devices are reflow soldered to printed circuit boards with the benefit of mildly activated rosin (RMA) based fluxes. The residues from these fluxes, when not properly cleaned from the component boards, have been cited for decreased circuit life due to corrosion of the solder joints and loss of insulating resistance. Post‐solder cleaning operations with CFC (chlorofluorocarbon) solvents have been deemed environmentally harmful. Hence, there is a great need in the surface mount community for a no‐clean or fluxless solder reflow process. The BOC Group has developed a novel, proprietary process, by which circuit boards and their components are attached with a solder paste under a reactive fluxing atmosphere. The post‐solder residue is non‐corrosive and so minimal that it does not require a post‐solder cleaning operation. The solder joints exhibit good wetting, excellent joint strength and are essentially void‐free. Assembled circuits processed in this way meet all the criteria for ionic cleanliness and surface insulation resistance without post‐solder cleaning.
Drill Cutting Transport in Full Scale Vertical Annuli (1973)

ABSTRACT The absence of the basic data needed to fully evaluate present field practices and current concepts on drill cutting transport prompted this full scale study. Several drill pipe and casing sizes were used in a 140-ft vertical flow system to define the variables affecting drill cutting transport under steady state conditions. Variables evaluated were annular velocity (4 to 200 ft/min), fluid rheological properties (mud, water, oils), cutting size (3–6 mesh), fluid weight (12–15 ppg), rotary speed (0–200 rpm), drilling rate (cutting feed concentration), drill pipe position (centered-eccentric), and annular size. Annular velocity and fluid rheological properties were the most significant variables. Annular velocities well below the 120 ft/min used in most hydraulic programs were found adequate to clean the hole. Increasing apparent viscosity dramatically improved cutting transport. The other variables showed 2nd and 3rd order effects. Terminal slip velocities were a good indicator for the velocities required to initiate transport, but observed transport was 75 to 90% of the theoretical values. These findings should destroy many myths on drill cutting transport and provide a factual basis for improving drilling hydraulics.
Understanding early TLR signaling through the Myddosome (2018)

TLRs are expressed on the plasma and endosomal membranes of innate immune cells acting as sensors of foreign and inherent danger signals that threaten the host. Upon activation, TLRs facilitate the assembly of large intracellular oligomeric signaling complexes, termed Myddosomes, which initiate key signal transduction pathways to elicit critical inflammatory immune responses. The formation of the Myddosome is integral for TLR signaling; however, the molecular mechanisms controlling its formation, disassembly, and the subsequent proximal signaling events remain to be clearly defined. In this review, we present a brief overview of TLR signal transduction pathways, summarize the current understanding of the Myddosome and the proteins that comprise its structure, including MyD88 and members of the IL-1 receptor-associated kinase (IRAK) family. Finally, we will discuss recent advances and open questions regarding early TLR signaling in the context of the Myddosome complex.
Three‐Dimensional Printing of Archived Human Fetal Material for Teaching Purposes (2018)

The practical aspect of human developmental biology education is often limited to the observation and use of animal models to illustrate developmental anatomy. This is due in part to the difficulty of accessing human embryonic and fetal specimens, and the sensitivity inherent to presenting these specimens as teaching materials. This report presents a new approach using three-dimensional (3D) printed replicas of actual human materials in practical classes, thus allowing for the inclusion of accurate examples of human developmental anatomy in the educational context. A series of 3D prints have been produced from digital data collected by computed tomography (CT) imaging of an archived series of preserved human embryonic and fetal specimens. The final versions of 3D prints have been generated in a range of single or multiple materials to illustrate the progression of human development, including the development of internal anatomy. Furthermore, multiple copies of each replica have been printed for large group teaching. In addition to the educational benefit of examining accurate 3D replicas, this approach lessens the potential for adverse student reaction (due to cultural background or personal experience) to observing actual human embryonic/fetal anatomical specimens, and reduces the potential of damage or loss of original specimens. This approach, in combination with ongoing improvements in the management and analysis of digital data and advances in scanning technology, has enormous potential to allow embryology students access to both local and international collections of human gestational material. Anat Sci Educ 00: 000-000. © 2018 American Association of Anatomists.
Mesial Temporal Lobe Epilepsy with Hippocampal Sclerosis (2004)

Experts discussed the definition, natural history, pathologic features, pathogenesis, electroclinical, neurophysiological, neuropsychological, structural and functional imaging findings, as well as surgical outcome in mesial temporal lobe epilepsy with hippocampal sclerosis (MTLE-HS). After a long-lasting consensus process the ILAE Commission Neurosurgery of epilepsy accepted the resulting conclusions as state-of-the art report on MTLE-HS. The majority of contributors considered MTLE-HS to represent a sufficient cluster of signs and symptoms to make up a syndromic diagnostic entity.
On the structural denaturation of biological analytes in trapped ion mobility spectrometry – mass spectrometry (2016)

Key to native ion mobility/mass spectrometry is to prevent the structural denaturation of biological molecules in the gas phase. Here, we systematically assess structural changes induced in the protein ubiquitin during a trapped ion mobility spectrometry (TIMS) experiment. Our analysis shows that the extent of structural denaturation induced in ubiquitin ions is largely proportional to the amount of translational kinetic energy an ion gains from the applied electric field between two collisions with buffer gas particles. We then minimize the efficiency of the structural denaturation of ubiquitin ions in the gas phase during a TIMS experiment. The resulting "soft" TIMS spectra of ubiquitin are found largely identical to those observed on "soft" elevated-pressure ion mobility drift tubes and the corresponding calibrated cross sections are consistent with structures reported from NMR experiments for the native and A-state of ubiquitin. Thus, our analysis reveals that TIMS is useful for native ion mobility/mass spectrometry analysis.