gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Non-equilibrium capillary electrophoresis of equilibrium mixtures—appreciation of kinetics in capillary electrophoresis (2003)

We describe a new electrophoretic method (patent pending), Non-Equilibrium Capillary Electrophoresis of Equilibrium Mixtures (NECEEM), and demonstrate its application to the study of protein-DNA interactions. A single NECEEM experiment allows for the determination of equilibrium and kinetic parameters of protein-DNA complex formation. The equilibrium mixture is prepared by mixing protein and DNA; it contains three components: free protein, free DNA, and the protein-DNA complex. A small plug of such a mixture is injected onto a capillary and the three components are separated under non-equilibrium conditions using a run buffer that does not contain the components of the equilibrium mixture. The protein-DNA complex decays during the NECEEM separation; the resulting electropherograms contain characteristic peaks and exponential curves. A simple analysis of a single electropherogram reveals two parameters: the equilibrium dissociation constant of the protein-DNA complex and the monomolecular rate constant of complex decay. The bimolecular rate constant of complex formation can then be calculated as the ratio of the two experimentally-determined constants. NECEEM was applied to find the equilibrium and kinetic parameters of interaction between an E. coli single-stranded DNA binding protein and a fluorescently-labeled oligonucleotide. The constants determined by NECEEM are in good agreement with those obtained by other methods. The new method is simple, fast, and accurate. It can be equally applied to other non-covalent molecular complexes.
Solubility study of albumin solders for laser tissue-welding (1998)

The 75% BSA solder strongly reduced the albumin solubility in saline solution, without affecting its tissue-welding properties.
Process for producing polyamines (2009)

The present invention relates to a process for the production of a polyamine involving the use of enzymes; in particular to a process performed in aqueous environment; to the polyamines produced by said method; as well as the use of said polyamines for manufacturing paper, for immobilizing enzymes, or for preparing pharmaceutical or cosmetical compositions. The invention also relates to a novel method for in situ regeneration of cofactors NAD(P)+.
Adipose Stromal Vascular Fraction Cells for Vascularization of Engineered Tissues (2014)

Microcirculation plays a central role in maintaining tissue homeostasis. The major functions include removal of waste products and delivery of nutrients to the perfused parenchymal tissue. For this reason, the formation of a functional microcirculation within tissue-engineered constructs is essential for composite tissue function. The complexity of specialized microvascular beds was identied by developmental biologists and morphologists who established the unique structure/function relationships of the microcirculation in various tissues. Complete restoration of microvascular function in engineered tissues following their implantation in a patient will require careful consideration of the morphology of the microcirculation constructed in the engineered tissue.
Ultra-Stable Superconducting-Maser Oscillator (1989)

Unprecedented stability of frequency in superconducting, triple-cavity ruby maser oscillator achieved by incorporation of amplitude-control subsystem. New design enhances ultra-stable measurements of time by reducing fluctuations to 2 X 10 to negative 19th power routinely, and to as little as 10 to negative 20th power in exceptional cases. Currents induced in superconducting pickup coil by changes in magnetic field in ruby. Currents from coil fed to superconducting quantum-interference device (SQUID) magnetometer, output used to generate control signal for electronically variable attenuator. Attenuator varies pump-signal amplitude in response to magnetic-field fluctuations in ruby. Very high feedback-loop gain used for sensitivity of control and adequate compensation of fluctuations.
A Bio-Inspired Miniature Comb Sense Differential Microphone Diaphragm (2010)

A highly innovative miniature silicon comb sense differential microphone diaphragm is described that is highly stable when subjected to various bias voltages [1]. The bio-inspired microphone diaphragm consists of a 1mm by 2mm stiffener-reinforced plate fabricated out of phosphorous doped polysilicon that is supported on a central hinge [2, 3, and 4]. Interdigitated comb fingers are formed around the perimeter at the ends of the diaphragm by reactive ion etching the polysilicon to create the gaps between the two sets of comb fingers. It is demonstrated with a fabricated prototype device that this design avoids many key limitations of capacitive microphones through use of a unique comb-sensing design and approach. It provides the means for design and construction of highly innovative capacitive microphones with enhanced sensitivity that can be readily and cost-effectively produced through silicon microfabrication. Potential applications include manufacturing of next-generation hearing aids, security devices, portable digital devices, cell phones and teleconferencing equipment.
Possible Role of Trichothecene Mycotoxins in Virulence of <i>Fusarium graminearum</i> on Maize (1999)

Trichothecene-producing and -nonproducing Fusarium graminearum strains were tested for their ability to cause Gibberella ear rot in field trials at two locations-Ottawa, Ontario, and Peoria, Illinois-in 1996. Maize ears were inoculated with wild-type or transgenic F. graminearum strains in which the trichothecene biosynthetic pathway had been disabled by the specific disruption of the trichodiene synthase gene and with a derivative revertant strain in which trichothecene production had been restored through recombination. A silk channel inoculation method was employed at both locations. In addition, a kernel puncture inoculation method was used at the Ontario location. Harvested maize ears were analyzed for visual disease severity, grain yield, deoxynivalenol (DON) concentration, and fungal biomass by quantitative polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and/or ergosterol quantitation. There was a significant correlation (r= 0.86) between data obtained from the two different methods of quantifying fungal biomass. The trichothecene-nonproducing strains were still pathogenic but appeared less virulent on maize than the trichothecene-producing progenitor and revertant strains, as assayed by most parameters. This suggests that the trichothecenes may act as virulence factors to enhance the spread of F. graminearum on maize.
Anesthetic considerations for a novel anterior surgical approach to pediatric scoliosis correction (2017)

The described anesthetic and analgesic management provides a framework for delivering perioperative care for this challenging procedure, which is gaining popularity as a modality for scoliosis correction.
A transcriptional activator is located in the coding region of the yeast<i>PGK</i>gene (1987)

Expression of heterologous genes from the PGK promoter on high copy number plasmids in yeast is relatively poor compared to the intact PGK gene because of low steady-state RNA levels. In this paper we show that low levels of heterologous RNA are not due to instability of mRNA but result from inefficient transcription due to a defect in RNA synthesis. A comparison of RNA levels from homologous and heterologous transcription units allowed the identification of a positive activator for transcription within the PGK coding region which is required for efficient expression of the PGK gene. Deletion of this region, the "downstream activator sequence", causes a six to ten fold reduction in transcriptional efficiency from the PGK 5' noncoding region.
Identification of Sequences Required for Inhibition of Oncogene-mediated Transformation by pp32 (1999)

Oncogenic potential in prostate cancer is modulated in part by alternative use of genes of the pp32 family. This family includes the tumor suppressor pp32, expressed in normal tissue, and the pro-oncogenic genes pp32r1 and pp32r2 that are found principally in neoplastic cells. At the protein level, pp32, pp32r1, and pp32r2 are approximately 90% identical, yet they subsume opposite functions. In this study, we identify the region of pp32 associated with the ability to inhibit oncogene-mediated transformation in a rat embryo fibroblast system, an in vitro correlate of tumor-suppressive activity. Deletion and truncation analysis define a region spanning pp32 amino acids 150-174 as absolutely required for inhibition of transformed foci elicited by RAS and MYC. Comparison of pp32 with the pp32r1 sequence by moving averages of sequence identity reveals divergence over this region; pp32r2 also differs in this region through truncation after pp32 amino acid 131. The deletion experiments and the experiments of nature therefore converge to demonstrate that tumor-suppressive functions of pp32 reside in amino acids 150-174. Identification of this minimal tumor-suppressive region should help elaborate the pathways and mechanisms through which pp32 family members exert their functions.
Soft magnetic Fe-Al-N/Si-N multilayered film with high thermal stability (1989)

An attempt to obtain soft magnetic materials with high saturation magnetic flux density and thermal stability has been carried out with respect to a multilayered type of films containing Fe-N prepared by two-source magnetron rf sputtering. The addition of small amounts of elements such as Al is effective in improving soft magnetic properties of Fe-N films. Multilayered films of Fe-Al-N intervened by thin Si-N layers showed softer magnetic properties than the Fe-Al-N single layer films and also showed high thermal stability. Typically, Fe-Al-N (500 Å)/Si-N (12 Å) multilayered films exhibited a saturation magnetic flux density of 20 kG, a coercivity Hc of 0.3 Oe, and a permeability μ of 1900 at 5 MHz after annealing at 550 °C for 1 h.
All solution-processed amorphous oxide thin-film transistors using UV/O<sub>3</sub> treatment (2014)

In the fabrication of amorphous oxide thin-film transistors (TFTs) by all-solution process, an ultraviolet–ozone (UV/O 3 ) treatment and solution materials were adopted. By applying the UV/O 3 treatment for solution-processed In 2− x Ga x ZnO 4 channel layers, enhancement of TFT characteristics was achieved. In particular, the most appropriate metal composition for the In 2− x Ga x ZnO 4 system with UV/O 3 treatment was found to be x = 1.0. In addition to the channel layers, solution-processed LaNiO 3 , Bi–Nb–O/La–Ta–O stacked layer, and ITO films were formed as the gate electrode, gate insulator, and source and drain electrodes, respectively, for TFT fabrication. Using UV/O 3 treatment and solution materials, all-solution-processed amorphous oxide TFTs were successfully fabricated, and superior TFT properties, including an on–off current ratio of 10 7 , a threshold voltage of 1.6 V, a subthreshold swing of 200 mV/decade, and a field-effect mobility of 0.49 cm 2 V −1 s −1 , were achieved.
Successful Treatment of the Erythema and Flushing of Rosacea Using a Topically Applied Selective α1-Adrenergic Receptor Agonist, Oxymetazoline (2007)

A55-year-oldmanpresentedwitha longhistoryofETRrosacea manifesting with prolonged facial flushing provoked by multiple stimuli including heat, exercise, sun exposure, and the consumption of alcoholic beverages. He confided thathewasparticularlydisturbedthat,formanyyears,people frequently asked him: “Why is your face so red?” His condition had progressed over the last 15 years to include persistent facial erythema. In addition to his usual triggers, he had noted that during his workday in an air conditioned office the erythema worsened, usually peaking in early afternoon,sometimeswithconcurrentfacialstingingorburning. He had previously been treated with several oral antibiotics, multiple topical therapies including metronidazole, and most recently azelaic acid gel, with no effect. He asked if there was anything that might help the erythema and symptoms.
Characterization of Long Working Distance Optical Coherence Tomography for Imaging of Pediatric Retinal Pathology (2017)

The LWD-OCT system can facilitate imaging in children.
Timing abstraction of intellectual property blocks (2002)

This paper describes a method for creating timing models of large blocks (>5,000 transistors) based on the use of static timing analysis. This method captures the block's propagation delays and the slew rates at its outputs. More importantly, it abstracts all the internal setup, hold, and loop constraints of the block. The resulting block timing model can thus be used as an accurate representation of the block's temporal behavior obviating the need for exposing the block's internal implementation. Block characterization finds application in intellectual property encapsulation and in team design of large timing-constrained chips.
Monitoring Diabetic Wound Healing by NIR Spectroscopy (2005)

Chronic wounds represent one of the most serious complications of diabetes. Lack of quantitative assessment of healing progress makes diabetic wound management a clinical challenge. We constructed an optical device based on near infrared diffuse optical spectroscopy and monitored the change in wound optical properties during healing. A single source, four detector frequency domain instrument with multiple wavelengths was employed in a streptozotocin induced diabetic rat animal model. Optical properties including absorption and reduced scattering coefficients were measured. Our results show that there is significant difference in the absorption and reduced scattering coefficient of the wounds between diabetic and controls rats, and such difference persists throughout the healing period. Our technique would be highly useful in monitoring and quantifying the wound healing process.
Development of Higher Temperature Abradable Seals for Gas Turbine Applications (2004)

Improving sealing between rotating and stationary parts in industrial turbines can significantly increase unit performance. Abradable seals are being developed to reduce blade-tip clearances where an abradable material is placed on the stationary shroud or casing opposite the rotating blade tips to reduce clearances with minimum risk to the turbine components during rubs. A newly developed metallic abradable material is a thermally sprayed coating on the first stage of gas turbine shrouds to reduce tip clearances; thereby, improving turbine power and efficiency by about 1/2 percent. This material is an improvement over currently available metallic abradables increasing the maximum operating temperature from 750°C to about 950°C with no special treatments required on the rotating blade tips. Initial engine field tests have shown the new material to be abradable and on target to meet life requirements.
Abstract 19755: A More Accurate Automatic Cuff Blood Pressure Measurement Method (2015)

Most automatic cuff blood pressure (BP) measurement devices are based on oscillometry. These devices compute BP from the envelope of the oscillometric cuff pressure waveform using fixed-ratios. The fixed-ratio values are derived from population averages. As a result, the devices are often inaccurate in patients with stiff arteries. Our hypothesis is that oscillometry can be made more accurate in this important patient population by physical modeling of the phenomenon. We studied 126 patients (ages 38-85, 97 males) referred for diagnostic cardiac catheterization at the Taipei Veterans General Hospital under IRB approval. We obtained oscillometric cuff pressure waveforms for analysis using a commercial device (Omron VP1000 or Microlife WatchBP Office) and reference BP waveforms via an invasive catheter in the opposite brachial artery. We recorded these waveforms before and after sublingual nitroglycerin in many of the patients. We divided the data into a training set comprising 57 of the patient records and a testing set consisting of the remaining 69 patient records. We used the training dataset to develop a method to compute BP from the oscillometric cuff pressure waveform based on a physical model. In contrast to existing devices, the model-based method simultaneously determines BP and the arterial stiffness of the patient. In this way, the method is patient-specific rather than population-based. We used the testing dataset to evaluate the new method against the reference BP levels as well as to compare its accuracy to the commercial device. The Table illustrates the resulting BP errors. The model-based method showed, on average, 28% lower precision errors than the commercial device (statistically significant via Pitman-Morgan test with Bonferroni correction for multiple comparisons) and 41% less absolute BP errors exceeding 10 mmHg. In conclusion, the model-based method may afford more accurate automatic cuff BP measurement in patients with stiff arteries.
Automated crystal phase and orientation mapping of nanocrystals in a transmission electron microscope (2009)

An automated technique for the mapping of nanocrystal phases and orientations in a transmission electron microscope (TEM) is described. It is based on the projected reciprocal lattice geometry that is extracted from electron diffraction spot patterns. The required hardware allows for a scanning‐precession movement of the primary electron beam on the crystalline sample and can be interfaced to any newer or older TEM. The software that goes with this hardware is flexible in its intake of raw data so that it can also create orientation and phase maps of nanocrystal from high resolution TEM (HRTEM) images. When the nanocrystals possess a structure with a small to medium sized unit cell, e.g. noble metals or minerals that possess the halite structural prototype, an objective‐lens aberration corrected microscope needs to be utilize for the recording of the HRTEM images that are to be processed by this software. Experimentally obtained crystal phase and orientation maps are shown for iron oxide and clausthalite nanocrystals. Comprehensive commercial and open‐access crystallographic databases that may be used in support of the nanocrystal phase identification process are briefly mentioned.
Trisulfonated Porphyrazines: New Photosensitizers for the Treatment of Retinal and Subretinal Edema (2009)

A new series of water-soluble, mononaphthotrisulfobenzoporphyrazines, bearing an alkynyl side chain of varying lengths on the naphtho ring, were prepared and tested for their efficacy to inhibit plasma extravasation when used as photosensitizers during photodynamic therapy (PDT) of the retina in the rat. The hexynyl substituted photosensitizer was the most potent, and was able to produce complete inhibition, at low doses of photosensitizer and light.
Serving Comparative Shopping Links Non-invasively (2009)

We propose a simple, user-friendly tool which aims to offer comparative shopping to the consumer with minimal distraction. The key idea is to detect whether a specific Web-page is commercial, i.e., whether it sells an individual product or service. The detection is performed in real-time at the client with focus on exceptionally low false positives. For each commercial page, we identify the product name $P$ from its hypertext and send $P$ to a knowledge server which responds with a list $\mathbb{L}$ of URLs at which $P$ is sold in increasing order of pricing. The browser then presents $\mathbb{L}$ in an non-invasive fashion to the user, resulting in a simple and effective shopping experience. We present certain statistical properties of collected commercial Web-pages, introduce a novel classifier for Boolean spaces, and compare its performance to SVM-QP.
Tracking Control for FES-Cycling based on Force Direction Efficiency with Antagonistic Bi-Articular Muscles (2013)

A functional electrical stimulation (FES)-based tracking controller is developed to enable cycling based on a strategy to yield force direction efficiency by exploiting antagonistic bi-articular muscles. Given the input redundancy naturally occurring among multiple muscle groups, the force direction at the pedal is explicitly determined as a means to improve the efficiency of cycling. A model of a stationary cycle and rider is developed as a closed-chain mechanism. A strategy is then developed to switch between muscle groups for improved efficiency based on the force direction of each muscle group. Stability of the developed controller is analyzed through Lyapunov-based methods.
Aeromonas salmonicida grown in vivo (1993)

The virulent fish pathogen Aeromonas salmonicida was rapidly killed in vivo when restricted inside a diffusion chamber implanted intraperitoneally in rainbow trout. After a period of regrowth, the survivors had acquired resistance to host-mediated bacteriolysis, phagocytosis, and oxidative killing, properties which were subsequently lost by growth in vitro. Resistance to bacteriolysis and phagocytosis was associated with a newly acquired capsular layer revealed by acidic polysaccharide staining and electron microscopy. This capsular layer shielded the underlying, regular surface array (S-layer) from immunogold labeling with a primary antibody to the S-layer protein. Resistance to oxidative killing was mediated by a mechanism not associated with the presence of the capsular layer. An attenuated vaccine strain of A. salmonicida grown in vivo failed to express the capsular layer. Consequently, the in vivo-grown cells of this attenuated strain remained as sensitive to bacteriolysis, and as avidly adherent to macrophages, as the in vitro-grown cells. The importance of these new virulence determinants and their relation to the known virulence factors of A. salmonicida are discussed.
Organocatalysts of oxidative protein folding inspired by protein disulfide isomerase (2014)

Organocatalysts derived from diethylenetriamine effect the rapid isomerization of non-native protein disulfide bonds to native ones. These catalysts contain a pendant hydrophobic moiety to encourage interaction with the non-native state, and two thiol groups with low pKa values that form a disulfide bond with a high E°' value.
Boron-Based Inhibitors of the NLRP3 Inflammasome (2017)

NLRP3 is a receptor important for host responses to infection, yet is also known to contribute to devastating diseases such as Alzheimer's disease, diabetes, atherosclerosis, and others, making inhibitors for NLRP3 sought after. One of the inhibitors currently in use is 2-aminoethoxy diphenylborinate (2APB). Unfortunately, in addition to inhibiting NLRP3, 2APB also displays non-selective effects on cellular Ca<sup>2+</sup> homeostasis. Here, we use 2APB as a chemical scaffold to build a series of inhibitors, the NBC series, which inhibit the NLRP3 inflammasome in vitro and in vivo without affecting Ca<sup>2+</sup> homeostasis. The core chemical insight of this work is that the oxazaborine ring is a critical feature of the NBC series, and the main biological insight the use of NBC inhibitors led to was that NLRP3 inflammasome activation was independent of Ca<sup>2+</sup>. The NBC compounds represent useful tools to dissect NLRP3 function, and may lead to oxazaborine ring-containing therapeutics.