gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Therapeutic Anticoagulation with Heparin in Noncritically Ill Patients with Covid-19. (2021)

BACKGROUND: Thrombosis and inflammation may contribute to the risk of death and complications among patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (Covid-19). We hypothesized that therapeutic-dose anticoagulation may improve outcomes in noncritically ill patients who are hospitalized with Covid-19. METHODS: In this open-label, adaptive, multiplatform, controlled trial, we randomly assigned patients who were hospitalized with Covid-19 and who were not critically ill (which was defined as an absence of critical care-level organ support at enrollment) to receive pragmatically defined regimens of either therapeutic-dose anticoagulation with heparin or usual-care pharmacologic thromboprophylaxis. The primary outcome was organ support-free days, evaluated on an ordinal scale that combined in-hospital death (assigned a value of -1) and the number of days free of cardiovascular or respiratory organ support up to day 21 among patients who survived to hospital discharge. This outcome was evaluated with the use of a Bayesian statistical model for all patients and according to the baseline d-dimer level. RESULTS: The trial was stopped when prespecified criteria for the superiority of therapeutic-dose anticoagulation were met. Among 2219 patients in the final analysis, the probability that therapeutic-dose anticoagulation increased organ support-free days as compared with usual-care thromboprophylaxis was 98.6% (adjusted odds ratio, 1.27; 95% credible interval, 1.03 to 1.58). The adjusted absolute between-group difference in survival until hospital discharge without organ support favoring therapeutic-dose anticoagulation was 4.0 percentage points (95% credible interval, 0.5 to 7.2). The final probability of the superiority of therapeutic-dose anticoagulation over usual-care thromboprophylaxis was 97.3% in the high d-dimer cohort, 92.9% in the low d-dimer cohort, and 97.3% in the unknown d-dimer cohort. Major bleeding occurred in 1.9% of the patients receiving therapeutic-dose anticoagulation and in 0.9% of those receiving thromboprophylaxis. CONCLUSIONS: In noncritically ill patients with Covid-19, an initial strategy of therapeutic-dose anticoagulation with heparin increased the probability of survival to hospital discharge with reduced use of cardiovascular or respiratory organ support as compared with usual-care thromboprophylaxis. (ATTACC, ACTIV-4a, and REMAP-CAP ClinicalTrials.gov numbers, NCT04372589, NCT04505774, NCT04359277, and NCT02735707.).
Beyond Cheap Labour: Trade Unions and Development in the Turkish Metal Industry (2002)

The ability of developing countries to export to more developed parts of the world is often associated with cheap labour. But such very obvious economic advantage is not always the end of the story. A fuller account needs to consider the wider institutional context. In some instances trade unionism can be an important part of this. This paper addresses trade unionism with specific reference to workers employed in large firms in Turkey that are significant exporters of consumer goods to the European market. The union examined is the largest union in the metal industry, an industry that is a driving force in the Turkish economy, and a major centre of trade unionism with over half a million of Turkey's three million trade unionists. The particular – autocratic – character of this union is critically examined and located with reference to wider forces of political economy and the specific constraints and difficulties to which its members are subject. Finally, the significance of this sort of trade unionism for economic – and socio-political – development is discussed.
Subsurface Venting of Vapors Emanating from Hydrocarbon Product on Ground Water (1987)

Abstract The results of an API‐sponsored pilot‐scale subsurface venting system study are presented. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of forced venting techniques in controlling and removing hydrocarbon vapors from a subsurface formation. Both qualitative and quantitative sampling and analytical procedures were developed to measure hydrocarbon vapors extracted from the soil. Vapor recovery and equivalent liquid product recovery rates were measured at each test cell evacuation rate. Two identical test cells were installed. Each cell contained 16 vapor monitoring probes spaced at distances from 4 to 44 feet from a vapor extraction (vacuum) well. Each cell was also configured with two air inlet wells to allow atmospheric air to enter the subsurface formation. The vapor monitoring probes were installed at three discrete elevations above the capillary zone. In situ vapor samples were obtained periodically from these probes to measure changes in vapor concentration and composition while extracting vapors from the vacuum well at three different flow rates (18.5 scfm, 22.5 scfm and 39.8 scfm). In situ vapor samples were analyzed using a portable gas chromatograph to quantify and speciate the vapors. Vacuum levels were also measured at each vapor sampling probe and at the vacuum well. The soil venting techniques evaluated during this study offer an alternative approach for controlling and eliminating spilled or leaked hydrocarbons from sand or gravel formations of high porosity and moderate permeability. These techniques may also be used to augment conventional liquid recovery methods. The data collected during this study will be useful in optimizing subsurface venting systems for removing and controlling hydrocarbon vapors in soil. Study results indicate pulsed venting techniques may offer a cost‐effective means of controlling or eliminating hydrocarbon vapors in soil.
Marker-Based Prediction of the Parental Genome Contribution to Inbred Lines Derived From Biparental Crosses (2006)

Molecular markers can be employed to predict the parental genome contribution to inbred lines. The proportion alpha of alleles originating from parent P1 at markers polymorphic between the parental lines P1 and P2 is commonly used as a predictor for the genome contribution of parent P1 to an offspring line. Our objectives were to develop a new marker-based predictor xi for the parental genome contribution, which takes into account not only the alleles at marker loci but also their map distance, and to compare the prediction precision of xi with that of alternative methods. We derived formulas for xi for inbreds derived from biparental crosses (F1 and backcrosses) with the single-seed descent or double-haploid method and presented an extension xi* possessing statistical optimum properties. In a simulation study, alpha showed a systematic overestimation of large parental genome contribution that was not observed for xi. The mean squared prediction error of xi was at least 50% smaller than that of alpha for linkage maps with unequal distances between adjacent markers. A data set from a study on plant variety protection in maize was used to illustrate the application of xi. We conclude that xi provides substantially greater prediction precision than the commonly used predictor alpha in a broad range of applications in genetics and breeding.
Synthesis of full-length DNA copies of avian myeloblastosis virus RNA in high yields. (1977)

The synthesis of full-length complementary DNA copies of avian myeloblastosis virus RNA is described. The cDNA is estimated by electrophoresis in agarose-methylmercury gels to have a molecular weight of 2.6 X 10(6), equivalent in size to that of the RNA template. Most (60-70%) of the reaction product is the full-length material and yields correspond to 60-70% of the input RNA.
The virtual erector set: dynamic simulation with linear recursive constraint propagation (1990)

We have implemented an algorithm for rigid body dynamics which unifies the advantages of linear recursive algorithms with the advantages of earlier linear algebra based constraint force approaches. No restriction is placed on the joints between links. The algorithm is numerically robust and can deal with arbitrary trees of bodies, including kinematic loops. Motion as well as force constraints on the dynamic behavior of any member of the linkage can be added easily. Through the use of spatial algebra notation---including our extension to account for spatial position ---the mathematical expressions are simplified and more efficient to execute. The algorithm has been implemented on workstation class machines and performs at interactive speeds.
Effect of an External Magnetic Field on Polytypism of CdI<sub>2</sub> Crystals Grown from Solutions (1982)

Abstract The effect of growth conditions on the polytypic structure of crystals of CdI 2 was analyzed for crystallization from solutions. Three solvents were used: H 2 O, 3 H 2 O + 1 C 2 H 5 OH and 1 H 2 O + 1.C 2 H 5 OH. Crystals were grown at two temperatures: 5 and 25°C with low and high growth rates; an external magnetic field of about 0.25 tesla was used. The effect of the above three parameters on the formation of the basic polytypes 2H and 4H and on the ordering of faults in disordered structures and polytype cells was studied by X‐ray analysis of crystal surfaces. Some distinct relations between the polytypic structure of crystals of CdI 2 and the magnetic field were found.
Ferumoxtran-10-Enhanced MR Lymphangiography: Does Contrast-Enhanced Imaging Alone Suffice for Accurate Lymph Node Characterization? (2005)

On ferumoxtran-10-enhanced MR lymphangiography, contrast-enhanced images alone may suffice for lymph node characterization. However, a certain level of interpretation experience may be required before contrast-enhanced images can be used alone.
Synthesis of adhesion promoters for grafting polythiophene onto metal oxides (2002)

Abstract A new class of compounds, ω-(thiophen-3-yl) alkyl phosphonic acids, was used to link conductive polythiophene layers and several metal oxide substrates. In general, the adhesion between polythiophene films and metal substrates is insufficient for technical and microelectronic applications. The use of adhesion promoters between the substrate and the polymer enables the formation of a strongly bonded composite. Adhesive compounds were synthesized which contained a phosphonic acid group attached to the substrate and a thienyl group for surface polymerization with thiophene monomers. The properties of these created adhesion promoters were characterized on several substrates by contact angle measurements and IR investigations. First successful attempts were made to obtain a structured polymer surface via micro-contact printing. Keywords: self-assemblyphosphonic acidmetal oxidepolythiophene.
Multilevel modular switched-capacitor resonant converter with voltage regulation (2017)

This paper presents a novel modular multilevel switched-capacitor based resonant converter (MMSCRC) to achieve dc-dc power conversion function. In comparison to existing multilevel modular switched-capacitor circuits, the proposed switched-capacitor resonant converter (SCRC) possess voltage regulation capability. Its modular structure accomplishes voltage conversion function and proposed closed-loop phase-shift control regulates the output voltage. Meanwhile, zero-voltage switching (ZVS) operation can be accomplished. By increasing switching frequency of wide bandgap device and reducing inductance in the circuit, magnetic components can be minimized. Hence, high power density and high efficiency of the proposed converter can be achieved. This paper includes circuit operation, steady-state characteristics as well as in-depth analysis for ZVS operation. Simulation results are provided to verify the operation principle of the proposed MMSCRC. A 600W lab prototype with 6:1 conversion ratio has been built. Experimental result are also provided to validate the theoretical analysis.
Incidence of Cranial Asymmetry in Healthy Newborns (2002)

We propose that localized lateral or occipital cranial flattening at birth is a precursor to posterior deformational plagiocephaly. The infant lies supine, with the head turned to the flattened area, and is unable to roll. Intrauterine risk factors for localized cranial flattening are the same as for deformational plagiocephaly. To avoid postnatal progression from a localized cranial flattening to posterior-lateral deformational plagiocephaly, we suggest amending the recommendation of the American Academy of Pediatrics on sleep position: Alternate the head position and allow sleeping on the side and, when awake, supervise prone time.
Alkaline Stability Evaluation of Polymerizable Hexyl‐Tethered Ammonium Cations (2021)

One of the important challenges in designing robust alkaline anion exchange membranes is the difficulty associated with the chemical stability of covalently bound cationic units. Here, a systematic study exploring alkaline stabilities of polymerizable hexyltrimethylammonium cations is presented, where the hexyl chain is linked to a phenyl ring through a direct carbon-carbon, phenyl ether, or benzyl ether functionality. For this work, small molecule model compounds, styrenic monomer analogs, and their homopolymers are synthesized. Alkaline stabilities of the small molecule cations and their homopolymers are compared to alkaline stability of benzyltrimethylammonium (BTMA) cation and its homopolymer poly(BTMA), respectively. All the hexyl-tethered cations and their homopolymers are significantly more stable under strongly alkaline conditions (2 m KOD at 80 °C). Moreover, ether-linked cations show comparable stability to the direct carbon-carbon linked cation. Via <sup>1</sup> H NMR analyses, possible degradation mechanisms are investigated for each small molecule cation. Findings of this study strongly suggest that the alkaline stability is dictated by the steric hindrance around the β-hydrogen. This study expands beyond the limits of general knowledge on alkaline stability of alkyl-tethered ammonium cations via the Hofmann elimination route, highlights important design parameters for stable ammonium cations, and demonstrates accessible directly polymerizable alkaline stable ammonium cations.
GABAB-receptor-activated K+ current in voltage-clamped CA3 pyramidal cells in hippocampal cultures. (1985)

GABAB receptors are a subclass of receptors for gamma-amino-n-butyric acid (GABA) that are also activated by the antispastic drug beta-p-chlorophenyl-GABA (baclofen). One effect of baclofen is to inhibit excitatory transmission from CA3 to CA1 hippocampal pyramidal cells. To identify the ionic mechanism of GABAB-receptor-mediated depression, we have studied the effect of baclofen and GABA on ionic currents in voltage-clamped CA3 pyramidal cell somata in rat hippocampal slice cultures. Baclofen (10 microM) induced an inwardly rectifying outward current that reversed at -74 +/- 4.3 mV (mean +/- SD). This appeared to be a K+ current since (i) its reversal potential showed the expected shift when extracellular K+ concentration was changed and (ii) it was blocked by external Ba2+ or internal Cs+. The action of baclofen was closely imitated by GABA after the GABAA-mediated Cl- current had been abolished with pitrazepin (10 microM); under these conditions, GABA (100 microM) also produced an inwardly rectifying, Ba2+-sensitive current with a reversal potential identical to that of the baclofen-induced current. When outward currents were blocked with internal Cs+, the residual inward voltage-dependent Ca2+ current was not changed by baclofen. It is concluded that the primary effect of GABAB-receptor activation in these neurones is to increase K+ permeability rather than to reduce Ca2+ permeability.
Transcriptomic profiling of Bacillus amyloliquefaciens FZB42 in response to maize root exudates (2012)

Here we present a transcriptome analysis of the root-colonizing bacterium Bacillus amyloliquefaciens FZB42 in response to maize root exudates. The 302 genes identified as being differentially transcribed are proposed to be involved in interactions of Gram-positive bacteria with plants.
Reconciliation of green technology with food technology for eco-friendly applications (2019)

Food is one of the fundamental components of our life on this planet. Generation of food was and will be a fundamental piece of the exercises to keep up a sound and feasible life. The interest of natural sustenance has rapidly enlarged worldwide in the ongoing years for the most part because of customer bits of knowledge of value and wellbeing. Green technology has the conceivable outcomes to satisfy the yield of natural nourishment by the systems which are socially fair, biologically far reaching and ecologically economical. The integration of both these technologies that is food technology and green technology consists of an advancement that is it prevents health damage, and the processing causes no environmental pollution, the integration of both of these technologies have gone to a whole new such as Enzyme assisted food processing, Green packaging. Non thermal processing which are also considered to be more energy efi¬cient and has a better quality attributes than conventional thermally based processes which also serves as an alternative of the thermal processing. The use of supercritical fluid technology in industrial food processing involving dense carbon dioxide at its supercritical liquid state as a solvent as it acquires the properties of a mixture or a pure compound at a particular pressure and temperature, whereas this technique is known to bring characteristic flavor to the oleoresin/oil whereas this technique is not only helpful in food industry but on the other hand is also helpful in perfume industries.
Learning of Dynamic Display AAC Technologies by Typically Developing 3-Year-Olds (2004)

The present study investigated the learning demands of dynamic display augmentative and alternative communication (AAC) technologies that differed in system layout and menu page approaches for 3-year-old children. Ten typically developing children were randomly assigned to each of 3 technology approaches and were asked to located vocabulary items within a play context. Results indicated that the children had difficulty with all of the technologies on initial exposure. After the 1st learning session, children performed significantly better with AAC technologies in a contextual scene format than in a grid format. Some limited generalization to new vocabulary was evident. AAC technologies for young children need to be redesigned to better reflect the developmental models of children. Results are discussed with implications for practice and suggestions for future research.
Weakly-supervised Visual Grounding of Phrases with Linguistic Structures (2017)

We propose a weakly-supervised approach that takes image-sentence pairs as input and learns to visually ground (i.e., localize) arbitrary linguistic phrases, in the form of spatial attention masks. Specifically, the model is trained with images and their associated image-level captions, without any explicit region-to-phrase correspondence annotations. To this end, we introduce an end-to-end model which learns visual groundings of phrases with two types of carefully designed loss functions. In addition to the standard discriminative loss, which enforces that attended image regions and phrases are consistently encoded, we propose a novel structural loss which makes use of the parse tree structures induced by the sentences. In particular, we ensure complementarity among the attention masks that correspond to sibling noun phrases, and compositionality of attention masks among the children and parent phrases, as defined by the sentence parse tree. We validate the effectiveness of our approach on the Microsoft COCO and Visual Genome datasets.
Trastuzumab emtansine in the treatment of HER2-positive metastatic breast cancer in Japanese patients (2014)

Anti-HER2 agents, such as trastuzumab, lapatinib, trastuzumab emtansine (T-DM1), and pertuzumab, are standard agents in the treatment of breast cancer overexpressing the human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2). Trastuzumab is the first approved HER2-targeted agent. Subsequent developments include agents with different mechanisms. In this paper, we review the results of clinical trials of T-DM1, a new anti-HER2 agent, with a focus on Japanese patients with breast cancer. On the basis of results from a Phase I study (JO22591), the maximum tolerated dose was determined to be 3.6 mg/kg every 3 weeks for both Japanese and western patients. In a Phase II study (JO22997), the overall response rate was 38.4% (90% confidence interval 28.8-48.6). T-DM1 was well tolerated in Japanese patients; however, the incidence of grade 3 or 4 thrombocytopenia was higher than that observed in earlier western studies, but was not associated with clinically important symptoms. Pharmacokinetic parameters for T-DM1 and its metabolites were consistent with those reported previously from a Phase I or II study in non-Japanese patients, and the data obtained showed no suggestion of ethnic differences. Several Phase III studies of T-DM1 are ongoing throughout the world, including in Japanese patients with breast cancer.
A statistical framework for modeling gene expression using chromatin features and application to modENCODE datasets (2011)

We develop a statistical framework to study the relationship between chromatin features and gene expression. This can be used to predict gene expression of protein coding genes, as well as microRNAs. We demonstrate the prediction in a variety of contexts, focusing particularly on the modENCODE worm datasets. Moreover, our framework reveals the positional contribution around genes (upstream or downstream) of distinct chromatin features to the overall prediction of expression levels.
On the Efficiency of Register File versus Broadcast Interconnect for Collective Communications in Data-Parallel Hardware Accelerators (2012)

Reducing power consumption and increasing efficiency is a key concern for many applications. How to design highly efficient computing elements while maintaining enough flexibility within a domain of applications is a fundamental question. In this paper, we present how broadcast buses can eliminate the use of power hungry multi-ported register files in the context of data-parallel hardware accelerators for linear algebra operations. We demonstrate an algorithm/architecture co-design for the mapping of different collective communication operations, which are crucial for achieving performance and efficiency in most linear algebra routines, such as GEMM, SYRK and matrix transposition. We compare a broadcast bus based architecture with conventional SIMD, 2D-SIMD and flat register file for these operations in terms of area and energy efficiency. Results show that fast broadcast data movement abilities in a prototypical linear algebra core can achieve up to 75× better power and up to 10× better area efficiency compared to traditional SIMD architectures.
Rapid and Efficient Synthesis of Unsymmetrical Phosphinic Acids R′P(O)OHR″ (2009)

Abstract A new synthesis of unsymmetrical phosphinic acids R′P(O)OHR″ has been evaluated. The first P–C bond was formed by base‐promoted H‐phosphinate alkylation of a protected H‐phosphinate, which is easier and safer to handle. A one‐pot methodology was developed for the second P–C bond formation reaction that involves the sila‐Arbuzov reaction. This methodology was then extended to the synthesis of a dialkylphosphinic acid with an amino functionality. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2009)
Differing Risk Factor Profiles of Ischemic Stroke Subtypes (2010)

Hypertension and diabetes appear equally common in lacunar and nonlacunar ischemic stroke, but lacunar stroke is less likely to be caused by embolism from the heart or proximal arteries, and the lower prevalence of ischemic heart disease in lacunar stroke provides additional support for a nonatherosclerotic arteriopathy causing many lacunar ischemic strokes. Our findings have implications for how clinicians classify ischemic stroke subtypes and highlight the need for additional research into the specific causes of and treatments for lacunar stroke.