gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A virtual reality based exercise system for hand rehabilitation post-stroke: transfer to function (2005)

We present preliminary results from a virtual reality (VR)-based system for hand rehabilitation that uses a CyberGlove and a Rutgers Master II-ND haptic glove. This system trains finger range of motion, finger flexion speed, independence of finger motion and finger strength. Eight chronic post-stroke subjects participated. In keeping with variability in both the lesion site and in initial upper extremity function, each subject showed improvement on a unique combination of movement parameters in VR training. These improvements transferred to gains on clinical tests, as well as to significant reductions in task completion times for the prehension of real objects. These results are indicative of the potential feasibility of this exercise system for rehabilitation in patients with hand dysfunction resulting from neurological impairment.
A compact optofluidic microscope (2006)

We demonstrate a novel optical imaging device that can be directly integrated into a microfluidic network, and therefore enables on-chip imaging in a microfluidic system. This micro imaging device, termed optofluidic microscope (OFM) is free of bulk optics and is based on a nanohole array defined in a non-transmissive metallic layer that is patterned onto the floor of the microfluidic channel. The operation of the optofluidic microscope will be explained in details and its performance is examined by using a popular animal model, <i>Caenorhabditis elegans</i> (<i>C. elegans</i>). Images from a large population of nematode worms are efficiently acquired within a short time frame. The quality of the OFM images of <i>C. elegans</i> and the morphological characteristics revealed therein are evaluated. Two groups of early-stage <i>C. elegans</i> larvae, wild-type and dpy-24 are successfully separated even though their morphological difference at the larval stage is subtle. The experimental results support our claim that the methodology described therein can be effectively used to develop a powerful tool for fulfilling high-resolution, high-throughput imaging task in microfluidics-based systems.
Synthesis and evaluation of novel organoelement resists for EUV lithography (2003)

EUV lithography is to date the most promising NGL technology for the sub-50nm technology node. In this work, we have designed and synthesized several types of organoelement resists with minimum oxygen content for high transparency. Either silicon or boron was incorporated in the resist structures to improve both etch resistance and transparency. In the exposure studies, it was possible to image the silicon-containing polymers to 22.5 nm line/space patterns using EUV interferometry. A second type of EUV transparent resist platform was studied involving boron-containing polymers. Carborane carboxylic acid was attached to a copolymer backbone to introduce boron atoms with controlled structure attachment level. In a preliminary study, these polymers could be imaged by 248nm exposure. Effect of structure on line edge roughness is also to be included in the discussion.
An infectious recombinant foot-and-mouth disease virus expressing a fluorescent marker protein (2013)

Foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV) is one of the most extensively studied animal pathogens because it remains a major threat to livestock economies worldwide. However, the dynamics of FMDV infection are still poorly understood. The application of reverse genetics provides the opportunity to generate molecular tools to further dissect the FMDV life cycle. Here, we have used reverse genetics to determine the capsid packaging limitations for a selected insertion site in the FMDV genome. We show that exogenous RNA up to a defined length can be stably introduced into the FMDV genome, whereas larger insertions are excised by recombination events. This led us to construct a recombinant FMDV expressing the fluorescent marker protein, termed iLOV. Characterization of infectious iLOV-FMDV showed the virus has a plaque morphology and rate of growth similar to the parental virus. In addition, we show that cells infected with iLOV-FMDV are easily differentiated by flow cytometry using the inherent fluorescence of iLOV and that cells infected with iLOV-FMDV can be monitored in real-time with fluorescence microscopy. iLOV-FMDV therefore offers a unique tool to characterize FMDV infection in vitro, and its applications for in vivo studies are discussed.
A fast method for identifying graphical objects in large engineering drawings (2002)

Document processing and understanding is important for a variety of applications such as office automation, creation of electronic manuals, online documentation and annotation etc. However the understanding and identifying of graphical objects in large engineering drawings which often can be of the order of 10000/spl times/10000 pixels using traditional methods can be a very challenging and time consuming task due to the sheer size. We describe a method that circumvents that by using a hierarchical top-down approach for recognizing graphical objects. The speedup is almost of the order of 1000 and this is achieved by following a strategy that exploits the characteristics of such diagrams such as low pixel density.
Effect of swine-waste bio-char on the water absorption characteristics of cement pastes (2018)

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to investigate the effect of an admixture, Swine-waste Bio-char (SB), on the water absorption characteristics of cement pastes.
Development of a metabolically active, non-replicating sporozoite vaccine to prevent<i>Plasmodium falciparum</i>malaria (2010)

Immunization of volunteers by the bite of mosquitoes carrying radiation-attenuated Plasmodium falciparum sporozoites protects greater than 90% of such volunteers against malaria, if adequate numbers of immunizing biting sessions and sporozoite-infected mosquitoes are used. Nonetheless, until recently it was considered impossible to develop, license and commercialize a live, whole parasite P. falciparum sporozoite (PfSPZ) vaccine. In 2003 Sanaria scientists reappraised the potential impact of a metabolically active, non-replicating PfSPZ vaccine, and outlined the challenges to producing such a vaccine. Six years later, significant progress has been made in overcoming these challenges. This progress has enabled the manufacture and release of multiple clinical lots of a 1(st) generation metabolically active, non-replicating PfSPZ vaccine, the Sanaria PfSPZ Vaccine, submission of a successful Investigational New Drug application to the US Food and Drug Administration, and initiation of safety, immunogenicity and protective efficacy studies in volunteers in MD, US. Efforts are now focused on how best to achieve submission of a successful Biologics License Application and introduce the vaccine to the primary target population of African children in the shortest possible period of time. This will require implementation of a systematic, efficient clinical development plan. Short term challenges include optimizing the (1) efficiency and scale up of the manufacturing process and quality control assays, (2) dosage regimen and method of administration, (3) potency of the vaccine, and (4) logistics of delivering the vaccine to those who need it most, and finalizing the methods for vaccine stabilization and attenuation. A medium term goal is to design and build a facility for manufacturing highly potent and stable vaccine for pivotal Phase 3 studies and commercial launch.
Inosine and hypoxanthine as novel biomarkers for cardiac ischemia: From bench to point-of-care (2015)

Cardiac ischemia associated with acute coronary syndrome and myocardial infarction is a leading cause of mortality and morbidity in the world. A rapid detection of the ischemic events is critically important for achieving timely diagnosis, treatment and improving the patient's survival and functional recovery. This minireview provides an overview on the current biomarker research for detection of acute cardiac ischemia. We primarily focus on inosine and hypoxanthine, two by-products of ATP catabolism. Based on our published findings of elevated plasma concentrations of inosine/hypoxanthine in animal laboratory and clinical settings, since 2006 we have originally proposed that these two purine molecules can be used as rapid and sensitive biomarkers for acute cardiac ischemia at its very early onset (within 15 min), hours prior to the release of heart tissue necrosis biomarkers such as cardiac troponins. We further developed a chemiluminescence technology, one of the most affordable and sensitive analytical techniques, and we were able to reproducibly quantify and differentiate total hypoxanthine concentrations in the plasma samples from healthy individuals versus patients suffering from ischemic heart disease. Additional rigorous clinical studies are needed to validate the plasma inosine/hypoxanthine concentrations, in conjunction with other current cardiac biomarkers, for a better revelation of their diagnostic potentials for early detection of acute cardiac ischemia.
The next generation virus‐like particle platform for the treatment of peanut allergy (2023)

VLP Peanut can be delivered to peanut-sensitized mice without triggering allergic reactions, while remaining highly immunogenic and offering protection against all peanut allergens. In addition, vaccination ablates allergic symptoms upon allergen challenge. Moreover, the prophylactic immunization setting conferred the protection against subsequent peanut-induced anaphylaxis, showing the potential for preventive vaccination. This highlights the effectiveness of VLP Peanut as a prospective break-through immunotherapy vaccine candidate toward peanut allergy. VLP Peanut has now entered clinical development with the study PROTECT.
Two Helical Conformations from a Single Foldamer Backbone: “Split Personality” in Short α/β‐Peptides (2004)

Oligopeptides with heterogeneous backbones, i.e., oligopeptides containing more than one monomer type, may be a fruitful source of new foldamers. This conclusion was suggested by studies on oligomers comprising L-α-amino acid and cyclic β-amino acid residues in a sequentially alternating pattern, which are shown to display helical secondary structure in solution. Supporting information for this article is available on the WWW under http://www.wiley-vch.de/contents/jc_2002/2004/z52125_s.pdf or from the author. Please note: The publisher is not responsible for the content or functionality of any supporting information supplied by the authors. Any queries (other than missing content) should be directed to the corresponding author for the article.
The Mirrortron ion linear accelerator concept (1989)

A new type of ion linac, the Mirrortron, is described. It consists of a series of mirror cells within which high transient electric fields of space charge origin are generated, timed in synchronism with the arrival of a bunched ion beam. The space charge fields are generated by the sudden application of a localized pulsed mirror field within the cell. Accelerating fields up to two orders of magnitude higher than those in conventional ion linacs seem possible. The Mirrortron may be particularly suited for the acceleration of heavy‐ion beams at high peak currents. Theoretical analyses and scaling laws are given.
Performance of a Whispering Gallery Mode Resonator-Based Micro-Optical Force Sensor (2007)

In this paper, we investigate the performance of a prototype micro -optical force sensor and discuss issues related to its sensitivity and calibration. The measurement concept is based on the shifts in the optical resonances of small dielectric spheres. The optical resonances, commonly referred to as t he whispering gallery modes (WGM), are excited by evanescently coupling light from a tunable diode laser using a tapered single mode fiber. The spheres are of the order of several hundred microns in diameter. The WGMs of the spheres are observed as sharp d ips in the transmission spectrum through the fiber. A compressive force applied to the sphere induces a change in both the shape and the index of refraction of the sphere. These changes, in turn, lead to a shift in the optical resonance (WGM). We built and analyzed the performance of micro -sensor prototypes using silica and polymer (Polymethyl Methacrylate or PMMA) dielectric spheres. In the case of PMMA, we used both solid and hollow spheres as sensor. The solid silica and hollow PMMA sensors offer the low est and highest measurements sensitivity, respectively. The silica sensors have the largest force range. As expected, smaller sensor sizes lead to increased sensitivity.
Exploring the relationship between bending property and crease recovery of woven fabrics (2014)

Fabric bending property dictates fabric crease behaviors. Exploring the relationship between fabric bending and crease recovery properties is important for better understanding of fabric performance. This paper presents the viscoelasticity modeling of a creased fabric to characterize the torque and bending deformation by crease recovery and bending parameters, respectively. In the experiment, nine types of fabrics were selected to analyze the relation between bending property and crease recovery property. The bending rigidity (B) and the bending hysteresis moment (2HB) were measured by the KES-FB2 Pure Bending Tester. The initial angular velocity (IV) was measured by a dynamic crease recovery tester. The experimental results showed that B and 2HB generally decrease at the beginning and then almost remain unchanged with the increase in IV. We used an exponential function to express the non-linear relation between bending rigidity and the initial angular velocity, and proved that the initial angular velocity is related to fabric bending property and can be used to characterize the fabric crease recovery property.
Reengineering <i>Escherichia coli</i> for Succinate Production in Mineral Salts Medium (2009)

The fermentative metabolism of glucose was redirected to succinate as the primary product without mutating any genes encoding the native mixed-acid fermentation pathway or redox reactions. Two changes in peripheral pathways were together found to increase succinate yield fivefold: (i) increased expression of phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase and (ii) inactivation of the glucose phosphoenolpyruvate-dependent phosphotransferase system. These two changes increased net ATP production, increased the pool of phosphoenolpyruvate available for carboxylation, and increased succinate production. Modest further improvements in succinate yield were made by inactivating the pflB gene, encoding pyruvate formate lyase, resulting in an Escherichia coli pathway that is functionally similar to the native pathway in Actinobacillus succinogenes and other succinate-producing rumen bacteria.
Pandemic influenza 1918 H1N1 and 1968 H3N2 DNA vaccines induce cross-reactive immunity in ferrets against infection with viruses drifted for decades (2010)

DNA vaccines based on pandemic or recent seasonal influenza genes induced cross-reactive immunity against contemporary virus challenge as good as or superior to contemporary conventional trivalent protein vaccines. This suggests a unique ability of influenza DNA to induce cross-protective immunity against both contemporary and long-time drifted viruses.
Performance comparison of electrowetting heat pipe for extended distance heat transport (2016)

Heat pipes are effective heat transport devices, due to their low thermal resistance, passive nature and high reliability. However, the heat transport capacity of conventional heat pipes over extended distances is limited by the maximum condensate flow that their wicks can sustain. The capillary pressure induced by small wick pores drives fluid flow, but viscous losses dominate at long distances and prevent the expected heat pipe operation. We propose a novel planar heat pipe technology that replaces the adiabatic wick section of a conventional heat pipe with electrowetting-based pumping, enabling ultra high heat dissipation (> 1 kW) over extended distances (> 1 meter). Electrowetting is a well-developed fluid handling technique based on electrical modulation of surface tension. The concept of an electrowetting heat pipe (EHP) uses electrowetting pumping of condensate to the evaporator in the form of discrete droplets. This pumping force does not lessen with distance; therefore, EHPs are not subjected to the capillary limit at extended lengths. First-order models predict that EHPs 10 cm wide by 4 mm thick can transport 1.5 kW over 1 meter. In a previous study, it was shown that the EHP can transport more than twice the heat capacity of either a loop heat pipe or a thermosyphon of similar dimensions while still offering a low thermal resistance of 0.01 K/W. In this work, we compare the EHP with actively pumped single-phase and two-phase microchannel systems of equivalent cooling capacity. We show that the EHP requires less pumping power than a single-phase system by two orders of magnitude. Furthermore the EHP offers half the thermal resistance of a two-phase system at a lower pumping power.
Acoustic Microscopy for Materials Characterization (1979)

An acoustic microscope with mechanical scanning and piezoelectric film transducers for the input and output has been developed for the microscopic examination of materials.1 In the reflection mode it is possible to work with an acoustic wavelength of 0.5 micrometers and a resolution that compares to that of the optical microscope. The elastic images of material surfaces as recorded with this instrument display interesting features which provide information which complements the optical microscope. In particular we find that different phases show up with good contrast and in alloy material the texture of the grains can be recorded since the grain orientation influences the acoustic reflectivity.
Main Polyol Dehydrogenase of<i>Gluconobacter suboxydans</i>IFO 3255, Membrane-bound<scp>D</scp>-Sorbitol Dehydrogenase, That Needs Product of Upstream Gene,<i>sldB</i>, for Activity (2002)

The D-sorbitol dehydrogenase gene, sldA, and an upstream gene, sldB, encoding a hydrophobic polypeptide, SldB, of Gluconobacter suboxydans IFO 3255 were disrupted in a check of their biological functions. The bacterial cells with the sldA gene disrupted did not produce L-sorbose by oxidation of D-sorbitol in resting-cell reactions at pHs 4.5 and 7.0, indicating that the dehydrogenase was the main D-sorbitol-oxidizing enzyme in this bacterium. The cells did not produce D-fructose from D-mannitol or dihydroxyacetone from glycerol. The disruption of the sldB gene resulted in undetectable oxidation of D-sorbitol, D-mannitol, or glycerol, although the cells produced the dehydrogenase. The cells with the sldB gene disrupted produced more of what might be signal-unprocessed SldA than the wild-type cells did. SldB may be a chaperone-like component that assists signal processing and folding of the SldA polypeptide to form active D-sorbitol dehydrogenase.
Fast 16-bit Fixed-Point 8x8 IDCT Approximations (2006)

In this paper, we propose two 16-bit fixed-point IDCT schemes, i.e., the rotation-based approximation and the lifting-based approximation. Both schemes can pass IEEE1180 tests and maintain satisfactory compatibility with the floating-point IDCT. The structures of these two schemes are derived from Loeffler's plane rotation-based factorization of the IDCT matrix. Coefficients in the structures are approximated carefully by dyadic rationales, leading to the fast multiplierless implementation. The drifting performance in H.263+, MPEG-2 and MPEG-4 is also demonstrated.
Statistical patterns in the location of natural lightning (2013)

Lightning discharges are nature's way of neutralizing the electrical buildup in thunderclouds. Thus, if an individual discharge destroys a substantial fraction of the cloud charge, the probability of a subsequent flash is reduced until the cloud charge separation rebuilds. The temporal pattern of lightning activity in a localized region may thus inherently be a proxy measure of the corresponding timescales for charge separation and electric field buildup processes. We present a statistical technique to bring out this effect (as well as the subsequent recovery) using lightning geo‐location data, in this case with data from the National Lightning Detection Network (NLDN) and from the GLD360 Network. We use this statistical method to show that a lightning flash can remove an appreciable fraction of the built up charge, affecting the neighboring lightning activity for tens of seconds within a ∼ 10 km radius. We find that our results correlate with timescales of electric field buildup in storms and suggest that the proposed statistical tool could be used to study the electrification of storms on a global scale. We find that this flash suppression effect is a strong function of flash type, flash polarity, cloud‐to‐ground flash multiplicity, the geographic location of lightning, and is proportional to NLDN model‐derived peak stroke current. We characterize the spatial and temporal extent of the suppression effect as a function of these parameters and discuss various applications of our findings.
Perspective—Lithium-Sulfur Batteries (2017)

Despite immense effort to solve the problem of lithium polysulfide dissolution in Li-S batteries, only partially successful solutions have been found for liquid-based electrolytes. Further research efforts to showcase new sulfur, positive electrode technologies should ensure they demonstrate commercially applicable sulfur loadings of > 3 mg/cm2, electrolyte to sulfur weight ratios < 3 and current densities > C/2. Alternatively, by using solid electrolytes lithium polysulfide dissolution is eliminated and research can be refocused on the cell-limiting factor of reversibly stripping and plating Li metal without dendrite growth.
Transducers with Improved Signal Transfer Field of the Invention. (1994)

Abstract : A transducer includes a rigid resin in the form of a solid block; a plurality of spaced and parallel piezoelectric rods of equal length disposed in the rigid resin and extending at one end thereof beyond the rigid resin; a solid soft resin enveloping the rods; and electrically conducting cover plates disposed against extremities of the rods; the rigid resin block being composed of a plurality of stacked preforms having spaced and parallel upper grooves wherein the rods are disposed. The process for making transducers with extended piezoelectric rods includes the steps of loading the rods into a plurality of spaced and parallel upper grooves of preforms made from a rigid resin; stacking the loaded preforms one on top of another to the desired height, the rods being flush with the preforms at one end and extending beyond the preforms at the other end; infiltrating a soft resin around the rods; curing the soft resin to a solid, compressible state; and applying electrically conducting cover plates against the rod ends.
Optimization of optical cross-connects with wave-mixing conversion (2005)

This paper presents new constructions of multistage wave-mixing networks with arbitrary b/spl times/b space-switching elements, where b /spl ges/ 2. In these networks, for a size of F fiber links and W wavelengths per link, converter requirements are O(Flog/sub b/W) or O(FW/b) for rearrangeable nodes, and O(Flog/sub b/Wlog/sub b/(FW)) or O(FWlog/sub b/(FW)/b) for different types of strictly nonblocking nodes inspired from the Cantor topology. In all cases, the worst case number of cascaded conversion is O(log/sub b/W). When b=W /spl les/ F, the required number of converters, and the worst case number of cascaded conversions are respectively O(F) and O(1), and are both optimal up to a constant. The new networks generalize and improve upon previous wave-mixing networks based on 2/spl times/2 space switches.
Quantification of Blood Velocity with 4D Digital Subtraction Angiography Using the Shifted Least-Squares Method (2018)

The availability of 4D-DSA provides the opportunity to use the shifted least-squares method to estimate velocity in vessels within a 3D volume.