gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Leukotriene C4 Induces TGF-β1 Production in Airway Epithelium via p38 Kinase Pathway (2005)

Cysteinyl leukotrienes (CysLTs) play an important role in the pathogenesis of airway remodeling. We investigated the interaction between epithelium and CysLTC4, and the contribution of this interaction to airway fibrosis. Human airway epithelial cells were grown on air-liquid interface culture inserts. CysLTC4 was employed to stimulate the cells. Conditioned medium following CysLTC4 stimulation was coincubated with human lung fibroblasts. Our results have demonstrated that CysLTC4 stimulates airway epithelial cells, through a p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) activation mechanism, to produce transforming growth factor beta1 (TGF-beta1), which results in fibroblast proliferation. The selective p38 MAPK inhibitor S203580 successfully inhibits p38 MAPK phosphorylation and subsequent TGF-beta1 production. CysLT1 receptor antagonist montelukast and corticosteroid inhibit TGF-beta1 production at the mRNA and protein levels. When treated with LTC4, the conditioned medium from epithelial cells enhances fibroblast proliferation, this mitogenic effect being attributed to TGF-beta1 and LTC4 remaining in the culture medium. In addition, LTC4 itself acts as a potential growth factor for lung fibroblasts. These data indicate that interactions between LTC4 and airway epithelial cells may contribute to the pathogenesis of airway remodeling. Early intervention to stop these processes may be useful in preventing airway fibrosis in chronic allergic inflammation.
Mutational Analysis of the Fusion Peptide of Moloney Murine Leukemia Virus Transmembrane Protein p15E (1998)

Fusion peptides are hydrophobic sequences located at the N terminus of the transmembrane (TM) envelope proteins of the orthomyxoviruses and paramyxoviruses and several retroviruses. The Moloney murine leukemia virus TM envelope protein, p15E, contains a hydrophobic stretch of amino acids at its N terminus followed by a region rich in glycine and threonine residues. A series of single amino acid substitutions were introduced into this region, and the resulting proteins were examined for their abilities to be properly processed and transported to the cell surface and to induce syncytia in cells expressing the ecotropic receptor. One substitution in the hydrophobic core and several substitutions in the glycine/threonine-rich region that prevented both cell-cell fusion and the transduction of NIH 3T3 cells when incorporated into retroviral vector particles were identified. In addition, one mutation that enhanced the fusogenicity of the resulting envelope protein was identified. The fusion-defective mutants trans dominantly interfered with the ability of the wild-type envelope protein to cause syncytium formation in a cell-cell fusion assay, although no trans-dominant inhibition of transduction was observed. Certain substitutions in the hydrophobic core that prevented envelope protein processing were also found. These data indicate that the N-terminal region of p15E is important both for viral fusion and for the correct processing and cell surface expression of the viral envelope protein.
The Public Health Impact of Lyme Disease in Maryland (1996)

The purpose of this study was to estimate the health burden imposed by Lyme disease (LD) in Maryland during 1992 and 1993. A cross-sectional 1-in-15 survey of physicians (total, 1200) in Maryland was conducted to estimate the incidence of diagnosed LD, presumptive cases of LD, patients with tick bites, and diagnostic tests ordered for LD. Results show that LD is underreported by 10- to 12-fold in Maryland, that 80% of cases are managed by primary care physicians, and that there is discordance between the actual clinical treatment of patients and the recommended approach. In addition, the much greater numbers of patients treated for presumptive LD, seen and given prophylaxis for tick bites, and having diagnostic tests indicate that real and perceived LD is a far greater public health problem and uses more medical resources than official surveillance data suggest.
Validation of the 99th Percentile Cutoff Independent of Assay Imprecision (CV) for Cardiac Troponin Monitoring for Ruling Out Myocardial Infarction (2005)

By definition, the probability that a single measured cardiac troponin result exceeds the estimated 99th percentile is equal to 0.01 (1%) for a person randomly selected from the general (reference) population. This is irrespective of the imprecision profile of the analytical method as well as the lack of standardization of cardiac troponin assays (1)(2)(3)(4)(5)(6)(7). However, the probability that a measured result exceeds the 99th percentile limit for a specific person from the reference population will vary depending on that person’s true concentration and on the imprecision profile of the specific analytical method. Furthermore, the overall probability that at least one of multiple measured values (the second or third measured cardiac troponin concentration in a timed series of cardiac troponin orders) exceeds the 99th percentile also will vary depending on the imprecision of the analytical method.

To investigate the influence of assay imprecision on the likelihood of misclassifying healthy individuals or patients without myocardial injury, we simulated the distribution of cardiac troponin I (cTnI) results in a general population and added random analytical error reflecting different assay imprecision profiles. One imprecision profile assumes a CV of 37.5% at a cTnI of 0.05 μg/L, decreasing to a CV of 25% at a cTnI of 0.07 μg/L, …
The Mycobacterium tuberculosis cysD and cysNC genes form a stress-induced operon that encodes a tri-functional sulfate-activating complex (2004)

Sulfur metabolism has been implicated in the virulence, antibiotic resistance and anti-oxidant defence of Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Despite its human disease relevance, sulfur metabolism in mycobacteria has not yet been fully characterized. ATP sulfurylase catalyses the synthesis of activated sulfate (adenosine 5'-phosphosulfate, APS), the first step in the reductive assimilation of sulfate. Expression of the M. tuberculosis cysD gene, predicted to encode the adenylyl-transferase subunit of ATP sulfurylase, is upregulated by the bacilli inside its preferred host, the macrophage. This study demonstrates that cysD and cysNC orthologues exist in M. tuberculosis and constitute an operon whose expression is induced by sulfur limitation and repressed by the presence of cysteine, a major end-product of sulfur assimilation. The cysDNC genes are also induced upon exposure to oxidative stress, suggesting regulation of sulfur assimilation by M. tuberculosis in response to toxic oxidants. To ensure that the cysDNC operon encoded the activities predicted by its primary sequence, and to begin to characterize the products of the operon, they were expressed in Escherichia coli, purified to homogeneity, and tested for their catalytic activities. The CysD and CysNC proteins were shown to form a multifunctional enzyme complex that exhibits the three linked catalytic activities that constitute the sulfate activation pathway.
Coarse-grained reconfigurable hardware accelerator of machine learning classifiers (2016)

In this paper a universal, coarse-grained reconfigurable architecture for hardware acceleration of decision trees (DTs), artificial neural networks (ANNs), and support vector machines (SVMs) is proposed. Using proposed architecture, two versions of DTs (Functional DT and Axis-Parallel DT), two versions of SVMs (with polynomial and radial kernels) and two versions of ANNs (Multi Layer Perceptron and Radial Basis), have been implemented in FPGA. Experimental results, based on 18 benchmark datasets from standard UCI Machine Learning Repository Database, indicate that FPGA implementation provides significant improvement (1-3 orders of magnitude) in the average instance classification time, in comparison with software implementations, based on WEKA and R project.
A superconductive shielding can for high T/sub c/ SQUID (1989)

The authors have fabricated yttrium-barium-copper-oxygen ceramic superconductive shielding cans and measured the magnetic shielding properties at liquid-nitrogen temperature by using a Hall magnetic sensor and high-T/sub c/ SQUID (superconducting quantum interference device). They report the fabrication processing of the shielding cans and the measurement results. The magnetic properties of the bulk samples are very different from those of conventional superconductors. There are lots of grain boundaries and defects inside the ceramic samples. The magnetic field can penetrate through those defects into the sample easily. The physical density of the samples is of great importance for their superconductive magnetic shielding ability. The isostatic pressing technique, which has been used in this work to prepare a dense and uniform cylinder, is a key processing method.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
High throughput discovery of new fouling-resistant surfaces (2010)

A novel high throughput method for synthesis and screening of customized protein-resistant surfaces was developed. This method is an inexpensive, fast, reproducible and scalable approach to synthesize and screen protein-resistant surfaces appropriate for a specific feed. The method is illustrated here by combining a high throughput platform (HTP) approach together with our patented photo-induced graft polymerization (PGP) method developed for facile modification of commercial poly(aryl sulfone) membranes. We demonstrate that the HTP-PGP approach to synthesize and screen fouling-resistant surfaces is general, and thus provides the capability to develop surfaces optimized for specific feeds. Surfaces were prepared <i>via</i> graft polymerization onto poly(ether sulfone) (PES) membranes and were evaluated using a protein adsorption assay followed by pressure-driven filtration. We have employed the HTP-PGP approach to confirm previously reported successful monomers and to develop new antifouling surfaces from a library of 66 monomers for four different challenges of interest to the biotechnology community: hen egg-white lysozyme, supernatant from Chinese Hamster Ovary (CHO) cells in phosphate buffered saline (PBS) solution as a model cell suspension, and immunoglobulin G (IgG) precipitated in the absence and presence of bovine serum albumin (BSA) in high salt solution as a model precipitation process.
Adaptation of the NRL Acoustic Research Tank Facility for Experiments in Parametric Sonar, with Preliminary Results (1973)

Abstract : The NRL Acoustic Research Tank Facility, with its capability for obtaining numerical planar scans and graphic recordings of radiation patterns, has been adapted for use in parametric sonar studies. In a preliminary set of experiments, the facility was used to study difference-frequency radiation from an acoustic parametric source. The source used a USRD type E8 transducer, driven simultaneously at two frequencies close to the resonance frequency of 1.5 MHz. This report describes the experimental apparatus and illustrates the flexibility of the tank facility as a research tool in nonlinear acoustics. It also presents measured values of the difference-frequency sound pressure level and a sequence of radiation patterns that illustrates beam formation in the near field of the parametric source.
A continuous sequence of more than 70 amino acids is essential for antibody binding to the dominant antigenic site of glycoprotein gp58 of human cytomegalovirus (1992)

Antigenic domain 1 (AD-1) on glycoprotein gp58 of human cytomegalovirus was characterized in detail, using mouse and human monoclonal antibodies as well as human convalescent sera. Series of procaryotically expressed fusion proteins and synthetic peptides of various lengths were used as sources of antigen. Binding of antibodies was found to depend on a continuous sequence of more than 70 amino acids between residues 552 and 635 of gp58. The fine specificities for sequences involved in antibody binding were (i) amino acids 557 to 635 for neutralizing as well as nonneutralizing mouse monoclonal antibodies, (ii) amino acids 552 to 630 for a neutralizing human monoclonal antibody, and (iii) amino acids 557 to 630 for antibodies present in human sera. Experiments involving fragments of AD-1, presented either as procaryotically expressed fusion protein or as synthetic peptides, indicated that the intact structure was required for recognition of AD-1 by antibodies.
Safety and biodistribution assessment of sc-rAAV2.5IL-1Ra administered via intra-articular injection in a mono-iodoacetate-induced osteoarthritis rat model (2016)

Interleukin-1 (IL-1) plays an important role in the pathophysiology of osteoarthritis (OA), and gene transfer of IL-1 receptor antagonist (IL-1Ra) holds promise for OA treatment. A preclinical safety and biodistribution study evaluated a self-complementary adeno-associated viral vector carrying rat IL-1Ra transgene (sc-rAAV2.5rIL-1Ra) at 5 × 10(8), 5 × 10(9), or 5 × 10(10) vg/knee, or human IL-1Ra transgene (sc-rAAV2.5hIL-1Ra) at 5 × 10(10) vg/knee, in Wistar rats with mono-iodoacetate (MIA)-induced OA at days 7, 26, 91, 180, and 364 following intra-articular injection. The MIA-induced OA lesions were consistent with the published data on this model. The vector genomes persisted in the injected knees for up to a year with only limited vector leakage to systemic circulation and uptake in tissues outside the knee. Low levels of IL-1Ra expression and mitigation of OA lesions were observed in the vector-injected knees, albeit inconsistently. Neutralizing antibodies against the vector capsid developed in a dose-dependent manner, but only the human vector induced a small splenic T-cell immune response to the vector capsid. No local or systemic toxicity attributable to vector administration was identified in the rats as indicated by clinical signs, body weight, feed consumption, clinical pathology, and gross and microscopic pathology through day 364. Taken together, the gene therapy vector demonstrated a favorable safety profile.
Low delay coding of wideband audio (20 Hz-15 kHz) at 64 kbps (2002)

A 64 kbps coder of wideband (15 kHz) monophonic audio signals is described. Its structure is based on the transform coded excitation scheme, adopted to 7 kHz band signals. Significant modifications are proposed, that yield reduction of delay while keeping an almost transparent quality of speech and music, equivalent to that provided by the MPEG-1, layer II audio standard at the same bit rate. Algorithmic delay has been reduced to 17 ms-approximately 1/3 the delay of the MPEG coder.
A New Investigation of Data Retention Time in Truly Nanoscaled DRAMs (2009)

<para xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> Data retention time for ultimate DRAMs with an extremely scaled-down cell size has been investigated. The entire memory cells can be discretely categorized by two groups: leaky cells or normal cells, and the main distribution representing the normal cells shows longer than 40 s of the mean retention time. The leaky cells are mainly originated by trap-assisted gate-induced drain leakage currents depending on trap energy dispersion. Through analyses of full chip retention failure curves and interface trap density <formula formulatype="inline"><tex Notation="TeX">$( \hbox{Dit}^{\ast})$</tex></formula> measurements, we propose that the tail distribution will be diminished and separated from the main distribution as the cell size shrinks into a true nanoscale. As a result, the retention time is eventually to be determined by the main distribution function only. </para>
Energy Savings through Dynamic Base Station Switching in Cellular Wireless Access Networks (2010)

Reducing the energy consumption of cellular wireless access networks is not only beneficial for the global environment but also makes commercial sense for telecommunication operators. Since access networks are designed to support peak time traffic, the utilization of base stations can be very inefficient during off-peak time because the traffic profile is time varying. We study the dynamic switching of base stations (BS) to reduce the energy consumption considering the time varying characteristic of the traffic profile. We show via analysis that the mean and variance of traffic profile and the BS density are the dominant factors that determine the amount of energy saving that can be achieved. Simulations using ideal and real traffic profiles are used to quantify the potential savings from dynamic BS switching in a realistic setting.
Performance model for a prioritized multiple-bus multiprocessor system (1996)

The performance of a shared memory multiprocessor system with a multiple-bus interconnection network is studied in this paper. The effect of bus and memory contention is modeled using a probabilistic model and a closed form solution for the acceptance probability of each processor is presented. It is assumed that each processor in the system has a distinct priority assigned to it and that arbitration is based on priority. Whenever a request from a processor is rejected due to bus or memory conflicts, the request is resubmitted until granted. Based on the model, individual processor acceptance probabilities are first estimated, from which the effective memory bandwidth is computed. The accuracy of the analytical model is verified based on simulation results. Results from the model are compared against other approximate models previously reported in literature. It is observed that the inaccuracy of the model measured in terms of error from simulation results is less than that in previously reported studies.
Biosimilar Insulins (2014)

Until now most of the insulin used in developed countries has been manufactured and distributed by a small number of multinational companies. Beyond the established insulin manufacturers, a number of new players have developed insulin manufacturing capacities based on modern biotechnological methods. Because the patents for many of the approved insulin formulations have expired or are going to expire soon, these not yet established companies are increasingly interested in seeking market approval for their insulin products as biosimilar insulins (BI) in highly regulated markets like the EU and the United States. Differences in the manufacturing process (none of the insulin manufacturing procedures are 100% identical) can lead to insulins that to some extent may differ from the originator insulin. The key questions are if subtle differences in the structure of the insulins, purity, and so on are clinically relevant and may result in different biological effects. The aim of this article is to introduce and discuss basic aspects that may be of relevance with regard to BI.
Phage inactivation of foodborne Shigella on ready-to-eat spiced chicken (2012)

Shigellosis, also called bacillary dysentery, is an infectious disease caused by Shigella species, including Shigella flexneri, Shigella dysenteriae, Shigella sonnei, and Shigella boydii. Infection with S. flexneri can result in epidemics, and Shigella-contaminated food is often the source of infection, such as ready-to-eat spiced chicken and duck. Therefore, we investigated the ability of Shigella phages to inhibit pathogenic Shigella spp. in ready-to-eat spiced chicken. Food samples were inoculated with individual species (1 × 10(4) cfu/g) or a mixture (S. flexneri 2a, S. dysenteriae, and S. sonnei) to a total concentration of 3 × 10(4) cfu/g. Single phages or a phage cocktail were added thereafter (1 × 10(8) pfu/g or 3 × 10(8) pfu/g), respectively, and samples were incubated at 4°C for 72 h. In general, the application of more phages (3 × 10(8) pfu/g) was the most effective treatment. Phages could reduce bacterial counts by up to 2 log(10)/g after 48 h incubation when treated with the cocktail, and after 72 h the host could not be detected. Similarly, the host in spiced chicken treated with single phage was also sharply reduced after 72 h incubation. The results suggest that an obligately virulent phage cocktail, such as S. flexneri, S. dysenteriae, and S. sonnei phages, can effectively reduce potential contamination of Shigella spp. in ready-to-eat chicken products.
Efficacy of trilostane for the treatment of equine Cushing's syndrome (2003)

Trilostane may be a useful therapy for the treatment of ECS. Further work comparing the effects of trilostane and pergolide is warranted.
ACUTE CORONARY SYNDROMES AND COVID-19: A LITERATURE REVIEW (2023)

The coronavirus pandemic has had an unprecedented impact on healthcare systems, including acute cardiology services.COVID-19 directly leads to cardiac complications in patients with underlying heart disease or cardiac risk factors.As future waves of the coronavirus are anticipated, it is prescient to review its impact on the delivery of cardiovascular care, in particular the treatment of acute coronary syndromes.A review of the current literature was carried out.The following databases were consulted: MEDLINE (PubMed); Base; Web of Science, Google Scholar.Conference abstracts/papers have been deleted from Embase.The search strategy was designed to capture the theme in current reviews of COVID-19 Acute Coronary Syndromes.Immediate and early revascularization, with adequate personal protective equipment, remains the standard care approach for patients with acute coronary syndrome in the COVID-19 era.Adapting cardiac services to ensure continuity of care for these patients, even in the context of a new wave of COVID-19, is essential to minimize preventable cardiovascular death.
Inter-Domain QoS Routing Algorithms (2002)

Quality-of-Service routing satisfies performance requirements of applications and maximizes utilization of network resources by selecting paths based on the resource needs of application sessions and link load. QoS routing can significantly increase the number of reserved bandwidth sessions that a network can carry, while meeting application QoS requirements. Most research on QoS routing to date, has focussed on routing within a single domain. We argue that since the peering links joining different network domains are often congestion points for network traffic, it is even more important to apply QoS routing concepts to inter-domain routing. BGP, the de facto standard for inter-domain routing provides no support for QoS routing, and indeed it facilitates the use of localized routing polices that can lead to poor end-to-end performance. This paper proposes a new approach to inter-domain routing for sessions requiring reserved resources.
Tracheal colonization factor A (TcfA) is a biomarker for rapid and specific detection of Bordetella pertussis (2020)

Pertussis is a highly contagious disease for which prompt, point-of-care diagnosis remains an unmet clinical need. Results from conventional test modalities (nucleic acid detection, serology, and culture) take hours to days. To overcome this challenge, we identified a new biomarker (tracheal colonization factor A, TcfA) for detection of Bordetella pertussis infection by lateral flow immunoassay (LFIA). We developed a library of 28 epitope-mapped monoclonal antibodies against TcfA and incorporated three antibodies into a LFIA. The LFIA did not cross-react with common bacterial or fungal organisms, but did react with nine distinct B. pertussis strains. The minimal linear epitope sequences targeted by the LFIA were conserved in 98% of 954 B. pertussis isolates collected across 12 countries from 1949-2017. The LFIA's limit of detection was 3.0 × 10<sup>5</sup> CFU/mL with B. pertussis cells in buffer, 6.2 × 10<sup>5</sup> CFU/mL with nasopharyngeal washes from a non-human primate model, and 2.3 ng/mL with recombinant TcfA. The LFIA reacted with patient nasopharyngeal swab specimens containing as few as 1.8 × 10<sup>6</sup> B. pertussis genomes/mL and showed no false-positives. Rapid (< 20 min) LFIA detection of TcfA as a biomarker for B. pertussis infection is feasible and may facilitate early detection of pertussis.