gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Discordant Results Obtained with Francisella tularensis during In Vitro and In Vivo Immunological Studies Are Attributable to Compromised Bacterial Structural Integrity (2013)

Francisella tularensis (Ft) is a highly infectious intracellular pathogen and the causative agent of tularemia. Because Ft can be dispersed via small droplet-aerosols and has a very low infectious dose it is characterized as a category A Select Agent of biological warfare. Respiratory infection with the attenuated Live Vaccine Strain (LVS) and the highly virulent SchuS4 strain of Ft engenders intense peribronchiolar and perivascular inflammation, but fails to elicit select pro-inflammatory mediators (e.g., TNF, IL-1β, IL-6, IL-12, and IFN-γ) within the first ~72 h. This in vivo finding is discordant with the principally TH1-oriented response to Ft frequently observed in cell-based studies wherein the aforementioned cytokines are produced. An often overlooked confounding factor in the interpretation of experimental results is the influence of environmental cues on the bacterium's capacity to elicit certain host responses. Herein, we reveal that adaptation of Ft to its mammalian host imparts an inability to elicit select pro-inflammatory mediators throughout the course of infection. Furthermore, in vitro findings that non-host adapted Ft elicits such a response from host cells reflect aberrant recognition of the DNA of structurally-compromised bacteria by AIM2-dependent and -independent host cell cytosolic DNA sensors. Growth of Ft in Muller-Hinton Broth or on Muller-Hinton-based chocolate agar plates or genetic mutation of Ft was found to compromise the structural integrity of the bacterium thus rendering it capable of aberrantly eliciting pro-inflammatory mediators (e.g., TNF, IL-1β, IL-6, IL-12, and IFN-γ). Our studies highlight the profound impact of different growth conditions on host cell response to infection and demonstrate that not all in vitro-derived findings may be relevant to tularemia pathogenesis in the mammalian host. Rational development of a vaccine and immunotherapeutics can only proceed from a foundation of knowledge based upon in vitro findings that recapitulate those observed during natural infection.
Successive charging/discharging of gate oxides in SOI MOSFETs by sequential hot electron stressing of front/back channel (2002)

The purpose of this work is to demonstrate that hot electron stressing one channel in a SOI MOSFET can in fact inject charges into the other channel, and it discusses two important applications of this phenomenon: namely, that it can be used as a new tool for the study of the mechanisms of degradation, and for designing erasing schemes for SOI based flash memories. The measurements were performed on partially and fully depleted SIMOX MOSFETs with LDD and channel lengths down to 0.6 /spl mu/m.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Regulation of Motility and Protease Expression in PKC-Mediated Induction of MCF-7 Breast Cancer Cell Invasiveness (1999)

We investigated a potentially central role of protein kinase C (PKC) in controlling multiple pathways in breast cancer cell invasiveness. To do this we evaluated the ability of pharmacologic agents that alter PKC activity to regulate the behavior of the poorly invasive human breast cancer cell line MCF-7. Treatment with 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate (TPA) produced a dramatic induction of the invasiveness of these cells (18-fold), an effect that concurrent treatment with the PKC inhibitor Bryostatin-1 was able to block. To characterize alterations in the cellular properties that might be responsible for these effects we measured the impact of these two agents on a number of processes thought to be important for invasiveness. The motility of the cells was first examined; it was markedly increased by treatment with TPA (20-fold) and again, Bryostatin-1 inhibited this stimulation. We next examined the expression of MMP-1, 3, 9, 10, and 11 (matrix metalloproteinases), all of which have been shown to be PKC responsive in other systems. We found that the expression and secretion of MMP-9 were increased by at least 100-fold, though all of the enzyme secreted was in the latent form. Finally, the expression of both urokinase plasminogen activator (UPA) and its receptor (UPAR) were induced after TPA treatment by 8- and 7-fold, respectively. In conclusion, we have shown that stimulation of PKC activity markedly increases the invasiveness of MCF-7 cells, and that this change in behavior is correlated with a coordinated set of biochemical and cellular changes which are likely to contribute to this process. These data highlight the possible utility of PKC inhibitors such as Bryostatin-1 as anti-invasive and/or antimetastatic agents. Bryostatin-1 is currently in early clinical trials as an anticancer agent.
Comparison of two optimized readout chains for low light CIS (2014)

We compare the noise performance of two optimized readout chains that are based on 4T pixels and featuring the same bandwidth of 265kHz (enough to read 1Megapixel with 50frame/s). Both chains contain a 4T pixel, a column amplifier and a single slope analog-to-digital converter operating a CDS. In one case, the pixel operates in source follower configuration, and in common source configuration in the other case. Based on analytical noise calculation of both readout chains, an optimization methodology is presented. Analytical results are confirmed by transient simulations using 130nm process. A total input referred noise bellow 0.4 electrons RMS is reached for a simulated conversion gain of 160μV/e−. Both optimized readout chains show the same input referred 1/f noise. The common source based readout chain shows better performance for thermal noise and requires smaller silicon area. We discuss the possible drawbacks of the common source configuration and provide the reader with a comparative table between the two readout chains. The table contains several variants (column amplifier gain, in-pixel transistor sizes and type).
New Records and Changes in the Status of Saskatchewan Birds to 31 December 2021 (2023)

BLUE JAY 19one exception, American Woodcock.Only records supported by sufficient documentation are presented here, which unfortunately possibly omits valid sight records made by careful and competent observers.
Leveraging IPv6 Segment Routing for Service Function Chaining (2015)

Network operators seek more flexibility with solutions like Network Function Virtualization and Service Function Chain- ing (SFC). Thanks to these techniques operators can define on-the-fly which services have to be applied to which pack- ets. We propose to use IPv6 Segment Routing to support SFC and describe and evaluate the performance of our im- plementation in the Linux kernel.
Transverse photothermal beam deflection within a solid (1991)

The mirage effect within a transparent solid substrate was used for monitoring optical absorption of a thin film. Refractive index gradients, which accompany thermal gradients below the film-coated surface, cause a probe laser beam to be deflected. The spectrum of copper, deposited onto a piece of clear acrylic, was recorded by this method of photothermal deflection. The influence of thermally induced mechanical stresses can alter the effective value of the thermo-optic coefficient of the solid, dn/dT.
<title>Moire Methods For Contouring Displacement, Deflection, Slope And Curvature</title> (1978)

This paper reviews a family of moire methods that are capable of generating contour fringes of in-plane displacement, out-of-plane deflection, slope, and curvature of displaced or deformed structures. The methods are real time techniques that can be applied to static and dynamic problems.
Early Experience with a Newly Developed Electrospun Polycarbonate-urethane Vascular Graft for Hemodialysis Access (2013)

There were no systemic or local reactions to the graft and we did not report any graft infections. Two grafts thrombosed because of severe bleeding post-cannulation due to an incorrect needle puncture. Both grafts were successfully thrombectomized. Primary and secondary patency rates at six months were 60% and 78%, respectively. These patency rates were comparable to those reported for other polyether-urethane and ePTFE grafts. Median time to first cannulation was seven days (3-21) and all puncture sites sealed in less than five minutes.
On the use of a new compact support kernel in time frequency analysis (2002)

This article introduces a new time frequency distribution based on a kernel with compact support. The properties of the new distribution are emphasized. Through a parameter that controls the kernel width, the new representation allows a tradeoff between a good autoterm resolution and a high crossterm rejection. A signal representation example is provided and compared with respect to the Wigner distribution, the Choi-Williams (1989) distribution, the spectrograrn and the Born-Jordan distribution as a member of the reduced interference distribution class.
Synthesis of (±)-podorhizone via intermediate α-hydroxyalkylation of a β-benzyl γ-butyrolactone (1978)

α-Hydroxyalkylation of β-(3,4-methylenedioxybenzyl)-γ-butyrolactone (1) with 3,4,5-trimethoxybenzaldehyde, using lithium hexamethyldisilylamide as a base, affords a 1 : 1 mixture of (±)-podorhizol (4) and (±)-epipodorhizol (5); Jones's oxidation of this mixture gives (±)-podorhizone (6) in 63% overall yield.
Composite Automatic Wing Drilling Equipment (CAWDE) (2006)

<div class="htmlview paragraph">A custom 5-axis machine tool is constructed to enable fully automated drilling and slave-bolt insertion of composite and metallic wingbox components for a new military transport aircraft. The machine tool can be transported to serve many assembly jigs within the cell. Several features enhance accuracy, capability, and operator safety.</div>
Tryptase Inhibition Blocks Airway Inflammation in a Mouse Asthma Model (2002)

Release of human lung mast cell tryptase may be important in the pathophysiology of asthma. We examined the effect of the reversible, nonelectrophilic tryptase inhibitor MOL 6131 on airway inflammation and hyper-reactivity in a murine model of asthma. MOL 6131 is a potent selective nonpeptide inhibitor of human lung mast cell tryptase based upon a beta-strand template (K(i) = 45 nM) that does not inhibit trypsin (K(i) = 1,061 nM), thrombin (K(i) = 23, 640 nM), or other serine proteases. BALB/c mice after i.p. OVA sensitization (day 0) were challenged intratracheally with OVA on days 8, 15, 18, and 21. MOL 6131, administered days 18-21, blocked the airway inflammatory response to OVA assessed 24 h after the last OVA challenge on day 22; intranasal delivery (10 mg/kg) had a greater anti-inflammatory effect than oral delivery (10 or 25 mg/kg) of MOL 6131. MOL 6131 reduced total cells and eosinophils in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid, airway tissue eosinophilia, goblet cell hyperplasia, mucus secretion, and peribronchial edema and also inhibited the release of IL-4 and IL-13 in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid. However, tryptase inhibition did not alter airway hyper-reactivity to methacholine in vivo. These results support tryptase as a therapeutic target in asthma and indicate that selective tryptase inhibitors can reduce allergic airway inflammation.
Comprehensive steady state analysis of bidirectional dual active bridge DC/DC converter using triple phase shift control (2014)

Several papers have been published recently on TPS control of dual active bridge (DAB) converter, however, no complete study of the converter operation behaviour exists, that takes into account all switching modes in both charging and discharging (bidirectional) power transfer. In this paper, six switching modes and their complements with opposite power transfer direction are defined with their operational constraints. Exact expressions for power transferred are derived with no fundamental frequency assumptions and range of power transfer for each mode is also defined to characterize mode limitations. Detailed constraints for zero voltage switching (ZVS) are also obtained. A new definition for converter reactive power consumption is introduced. This is based on calculation of inductor apparent power which avoids fundamental frequency approximations as well as the vague negative (back flowing) power definitions in recent papers. All known DAB phase shift modulation techniques including conventional, dual and extended phase shift, represent special cases from triple phase shift, therefore the presented analysis provides a generalised theory for all phase shift based modulation techniques.
IMPLEMENTASI ALGORITMA FUZZY C-MEANS UNTUK MEMPREDIKSI FAKTOR SISWA MEMBOLOS (STUDI KASUS : FAKTOR SISWA MEMBOLOS DI SMPN 1 PARAKANSALAK) (2022)

Perilaku membolos tidak hanya mempengaruhi pembelajaran siswa prestasi, tetapi juga diklasifikasikan sebagai salah satu bentuk kenakalan remaja. Harga diri remaja merupakan perilaku menyimpang karena terdapat penyimpangan perilaku dari berbagai aturan sosial atau dari nilai dan norma sosial yang berlaku dan menjadi sumber masalah yang dapat membahayakan tegaknya sistem sosial. membolos kegiatan serta hal-hal yang dapat menjadi latar belakang timbulnya masalah lain. Terbukti, mahasiswa yang membolos sering terlibat dengan hal-hal yang cenderung merugikan diri sendiri dan orang lain seperti merokok, tawuran, dan pergaulan bebas. Kesalahan perilaku membolos sebagian besar ditanggung oleh siswa yang terlibat bolos sekolah. Ketika kasus demi kasus dapat terungkap siswa-lah yang menjadi beban kesalahan. Sikap yang tidak mendukung potensi mereka hanya akan menambah masalah mereka. Oleh karena itu, penelitian ini membutuhkan indikator dan parameter dalam mencari solusi dari masalah yang mempengaruhi siswa. Untuk pengolahan datanya, penelitian ini menggunakan metode Fuzzy C-Means. Metode ini dipilih karena penempatan cluster center lebih tepat dibandingkan dengan metode cluster lainnya.Cluster 1 adalah 70 siswa (56,4%), Cluster 2 adalah 25 dan Cluster 3 sebanyak 29 siswa (23,4%).
Hydration of Gas Phase Proteins:  Folded +5 and Unfolded +7 Charge States of Cytochrome <i>c</i> (1997)

Free energy changes for the first steps in the hydration of the +5 and +7 charge states of gas-phase cytochrome c have been determined from equilibrium constant measurements at 271 K. Previous ion mobility studies (Shelimov, K. B.; Jarrold, M. F. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1996, 118, 10313) indicate that the +5 charge state is tightly folded in the gas phase, while the +7 charge state is partially unfolded under the conditions employed. Free energy changes have been determined for the adsorption of the first nine water molecules on the folded +5 charge state and the first five water molecules on the unfolded +7 charge state. The free energy changes for transfer from bulk water to the hydration shell of the protein are remarkably small, between −2 and −7 kJ mol-1, indicating that the charge is very effectively shielded in both the unfolded and folded conformations. The free energy changes for initial hydration of the folded +5 charge state are significantly more negative than for the unfolded +7 state. This may indicate that the charge is more effectively shielded in the unfolded +7 charge state, or the incorporation of some of the adsorbed water molecules as structural water molecules in the folded +5 charge state.
Normal calcium oxalate crystal growth inhibition in severe calcium oxalate nephrolithiasis. (1996)

Urine from mammalian kidneys is regularly supersaturated with respect to calcium oxalate monohydrate, the most common solid phase in human nephrolithiasis, and also inhibits the nucleation, growth, and aggregation of calcium oxalate crystals. Nephrolithiasis is often associated with increased supersaturation, and it is assumed that this increase overbalances the inhibition effects, causing stones. However, some patients form stones in the absence of increased supersaturation, and in those patients, one might assume that reduced inhibition is the cause of their stones. This hypothesis was tested in 25 patients who formed at least ten stones each, yet lacked the usual metabolic abnormalities that increase supersaturation. Compared with 25 age- and sex-matched control subjects, urine supersaturation among the patients was not increased; this is an expected result of this study's selection criteria. Compared with the same age- and sex-matched control subjects, urine from the patients showed no evidence for reduced inhibition of calcium oxalate crystal growth, so low inhibition of growth did not contribute to pathogenesis of stones in our highly selected study population, despite their otherwise unexplained and active stone formation. These results do not support the hypothesis that growth inhibition defects are a cause of stone disease.
SteReFo: Efficient Image Refocusing with Stereo Vision (2019)

Whether to attract viewer attention to a particular object, give the impression of depth or simply reproduce human-like scene perception, shallow depth of field images are used extensively by professional and amateur photographers alike. To this end, high quality optical systems are used in DSLR cameras to focus on a specific depth plane while producing visually pleasing bokeh. We propose a physically motivated pipeline to mimic this effect from all-in-focus stereo images, typically retrieved by mobile cameras. It is capable to change the focal plane a posteriori at 76 FPS on KITTI images to enable real-time applications. As our portmanteau suggests, SteReFo interrelates stereo-based depth estimation and refocusing efficiently. In contrast to other approaches, our pipeline is simultaneously fully differentiable, physically motivated, and agnostic to scene content. It also enables computational video focus tracking for moving objects in addition to refocusing of static images. We evaluate our approach on the publicly available datasets SceneFlow, KITTI, CityScapes and quantify the quality of architectural changes.
Using Modelling and Simulation for Policy Decision Support in Identity Management (2009)

The process of making IT (security) policy decisions, within organizations, is complex: it involves reaching consensus between a set of stakeholders (key decision makers, e.g. CISOs/CIOs, domain experts, etc.) who might have different views, opinions and biased perceptions of how policies need to be shaped. This involves multiple negotiations and interactions between stakeholders. This suggests two roles for policy decision support tools and methods: firstly to help an individual stakeholder test and refine their understanding of the situation and, secondly, to support the formation of consensus by helping stakeholders to share their assumptions and conclusions. We argue that an approach based on modeling and simulation can help with both these aspects, moreover we show that it is possible to integrate the assumptions made so that they can be directly contrasted and discussed. We consider, as a significant example, an Identity and Access Management (IAM) scenario: we focus on the provisioning process of user accounts on enterprise applications and services, a key IAM feature that has an impact on security, compliance and business outcomes. Whilst security and compliance experts might worry that ineffective policies for provisioning could fuel security and legal threats, business experts might be against policies that dictate overly strong or bureaucratic processes as they could have a negative impact on productivity. We explore the associated policy decision making process from these different perspectives and show how our systems modeling approach can provide consistent or comparable data, explanations, "what-if" predictions and analysis at different levels of abstractions. We discuss the implications that this has on the actual IT (security) policy decision making process.
Assistive technology - added value to the quality of life : AAATE'01 (2001)

Selected scientific papers in this book provide insight in the state-of-the-art in the field of assistive technology. Chapters on universal design in the information society, rehabilitation robotics, human machine interface, augmentative and alternative communication, assistive technology in education and training, restoration and enhancement of function, and outcome measurements in the field of assistive technology offer the up-to-date information in the field of assistive technology. EU policy in the field of information society technology and quality of life for persons with disabilities and older people is presented as well.
Reconfigurable parallel VLSI processor for dynamic control of intelligent robots (1996)

In the sensor feedback control of intelligent robots, the delay time must be reduced for a large number of multiply–additions. To reduce the delay time for multi-operand multiply–additions, the architecture of the reconfigurable parallel processor is proposed. In each PE, a switch circuit (SC) is used to change the connection between multipliers and adders. By changing the switch elements in the SC using the very-long-instruction-word (VLIW) control method, the multiply–adders having desired numbers of multipliers can be reconfigured every clock cycle. Since the data transfer is performed by the direct connection between multipliers and adders, the overhead for data transfer is greatly reduced. In addition, the utilised ratio of the multipliers and the adders is increased. The chip evaluation based on 0.8 µm CMOS design rule shows that the delay time for dynamic control of a seven-degrees-of-freedom (DOF) redundant robot manipulator becomes about 10 µs which is about 7.7 times faster than that of a parallel-processor approach using conventional digital signal processors (DSPs).
Polarization interferometer for measuring small displacement (2001)

A homodyne polarization laser interferometer is presented for high-speed measurement of small displacements. No modulation technique is used, so the opto-mechanical setup is relatively simple. The dual-beam arrangement enables the displacement to be measured while the use of polarization interferometry enables the determination of the directional nature of the displacement. Another feature of this interferometer lies in the fact that it is also suitable for the measurement of head-media spacing of a hard disk drive. Combined with the electronics used at present, sub-nanometer resolution is achievable. Its measurement bandwidth is limited only by the sampling rate of the A/D board being used.
Identification of Enterodiol as a Masker for Caffeine Bitterness by Using a Pharmacophore Model Based on Structural Analogues of Homoeriodictyol (2012)

Starting from previous structure-activity relationship studies of taste modifiers based on homoeriodictyol, dihydrochalcones, deoxybenzoins, and trans-3-hydroxyflavones as obvious analogues were investigated for their masking effect against caffeine. The most active compounds of the newly investigated taste modifiers were phloretin, the related dihydrochalcones 3-methoxy-2',4,4'-trihydroxydihydrochalcone and 2',4-dihydroxy-3-methoxydihydrochalcone, and the deoxybenzoin 2-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)-1-(4-hydroxyphenyl)ethanone. Starting with the whole set of compounds showing activity >22%, a (Q)SAR pharmacophore model for maskers of caffeine bitterness was calculated to explain the structural requirements. After docking of the pharmacophore into a structural model of the broadly tuned bitter receptor hTAS2R10 and docking of enterolactone and enterodiol as only very weakly related structures, it was possible to predict qualitatively their modulating activity. Enterodiol (25 mg L(-1)) reduced the bitterness of the 500 mg L(-1) caffeine solution by about 30%, whereas enterolactone showed no masking but a slight bitter-enhancing effect.