gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Optimization of nitrogen-hydrogen sintering atmosphere composition for carbon steel (1995)

Nitrogen-hydrogen atmospheres are routinely used to produce sintered carbon steel components with consistent quality, close dimensional tolerances, and good wear resistance. If used improperly, however, these atmospheres can lead to severe surface decarburization and loss in surface hardness of carbon steel components. Both effects are undesirable because they reduce the components' wear resistance. Fortunately, these undesirable effects can be minimized and even eliminated by carefully selecting and controlling the composition of hydrogen in the nitrogen-hydrogen sintering atmosphere. This paper describes the optimum composition of nitrogen-hydrogen atmospheres required for sintering carbon steel components with good quality and strength, while minimizing surface decarburization and loss in surface hardness
High-Resolution Crystal Structure of an Engineered Human β <sub>2</sub> -Adrenergic G Protein–Coupled Receptor (2007)

Heterotrimeric guanine nucleotide-binding protein (G protein)-coupled receptors constitute the largest family of eukaryotic signal transduction proteins that communicate across the membrane. We report the crystal structure of a human beta2-adrenergic receptor-T4 lysozyme fusion protein bound to the partial inverse agonist carazolol at 2.4 angstrom resolution. The structure provides a high-resolution view of a human G protein-coupled receptor bound to a diffusible ligand. Ligand-binding site accessibility is enabled by the second extracellular loop, which is held out of the binding cavity by a pair of closely spaced disulfide bridges and a short helical segment within the loop. Cholesterol, a necessary component for crystallization, mediates an intriguing parallel association of receptor molecules in the crystal lattice. Although the location of carazolol in the beta2-adrenergic receptor is very similar to that of retinal in rhodopsin, structural differences in the ligand-binding site and other regions highlight the challenges in using rhodopsin as a template model for this large receptor family.
BioMEMS to bionanotechnology: state of the art in integrated biochips and future prospects (2004)

Biomedical or Biological Micro-Electro-Mechanical- Systems (BioMEMS) have in recent years become increasingly prevalent and have found widespread use in a wide variety of applications such as diagnostics, therapeutics and tissue engineering. This paper reviews the interdisciplinary work performed in our group in recent years to develop micro-integrated devices to characterize biological entities. We present the use of electrical and mechanically based phenomena to perform characterization and various functions needed for integrated biochips. One sub-system takes advantage of the dielectrophoretic effect to sort and concentrate bacterial cells and viruses within a micro-fluidic biochip. Another sub-system measures impedance changes produced by the metabolic activity of bacterial cells to determine their viability. A third sub-system is used to detect the mass of viruses as they bind to micro-mechanical sensors. The last sub-system described has been used to detect the charge on DNA molecules as it translocates through nanopore channels. These devices with an electronic or mechanical signal output can be very useful in producing practical systems for rapid detection and characterization of cells for a wide variety of applications in the food safety and health diagnostics industries. The paper will also briefly discuss future prospects of BioMEMS and its possible impact and on bionanotechnology.
Development and Validation of Acoustic Emission Structural Health Monitoring for Aerospace Structures (2013)

Acoustic Emission (AE) method has been shown to be able to detect damage growth in metals and composites. Verification and validation are necessary in order to enable the management of the risk of operation of engineered structures that are being monitored. This presentation consists of two main sections: first an experimental study of AE hardware and algorithms to detect and classify damage in a complex shaped carbon fiber reinforced polymer composite (CFRP) structure. Second, we discuss what a validation program should contain to satisfy regulatory authorities that this health monitoring approach can be used as a nondestructive testing technique, with associated probability of detection (POD) estimation.
P‐155: Ambient Contrast for OLED Displays (2007)

Abstract OLED devices typically include a back electrode that reflects both emitted and incident ambient light. The reflected ambient light reduces the contrast ratio of OLED displays, reducing the visibility and image quality of the display. A variety of techniques for improving OLED ambient contrast are described and measurements of their effectiveness are discussed together with any impact on other OLED performance characteristics.
NEW CHIRAL STATIONARY PHASES FOR OPTICAL RESOLUTION. OPTICALLY ACTIVE POLYAMIDES HAVING (−)-<i>ANTI</i> HEAD-TO-HEAD COUMARIN DIMER COMPONENT (1985)

Abstract Optically active polyamides having (−)-anti head-to-head coumarin dimer component were found to be useful as chiral packing materials for direct HPLC resolution of enantiomers such as trans-stilbene oxide, mandelamide, benzyl mandelate, benzoin, trans-1,2-cyclobutanedicarboxanilide, and 2,2′-dihydroxy-1,1′-binaphthyl.
Improving web search results using affinity graph (2005)

In this paper, we propose a novel ranking scheme named Affinity Ranking (AR) to re-rank search results by optimizing two metrics: (1) diversity -- which indicates the variance of topics in a group of documents; (2) information richness -- which measures the coverage of a single document to its topic. Both of the two metrics are calculated from a directed link graph named Affinity Graph (AG). AG models the structure of a group of documents based on the asymmetric content similarities between each pair of documents. Experimental results in Yahoo! Directory, ODP Data, and Newsgroup data demonstrate that our proposed ranking algorithm significantly improves the search performance. Specifically, the algorithm achieves 31% improvement in diversity and 12% improvement in information richness relatively within the top 10 search results.
A cooperative MAC for distributed space-time coding in an IEEE 802.16 network (2008)

In the next-generation WiMAX system, cooperative communication is being considered as an advanced technique to increase the throughput and improve the signal quality. In a cooperative scenario, multiple stations can jointly emulate the antenna elements of a multi-input multi-output (MIMO) system in a distributed fashion. Unlike conventional space-time coding (STC) mechanisms used by a IEEE 802.16e antenna array, distributed space-time coding (DSTC) is employed across the cooperating stations to achieve a higher spatial diversity gain. In this paper, we present the framework for DSTC in the emerging relay-assisted WiMAX network, and develop a cooperative MAC layer protocol, called CoopMAX, for DSTC deployment in a WiMAX system. Through extensive simulations, we evaluate the performance of CoopMAX and show that DSTC can yield capacity gains of up to about 50% for the uplink of an IEEE 802.16 network.
Optical Cryptosystem Based on Synchronization of Hyperchaos Generated by a Delayed Feedback Tunable Laser Diode (1998)

We propose a method for encrypting a signal within the high dimensional chaotic fluctuations of the wavelength from a delayed feedback tunable laser diode. Decoding is performed remotely by using a slave laser diode fully synchronized with the master one. No additional synchronization channel is required.
Pseudo-High-Speed Balancing (1990)

In industries like the aircraft gas turbine, trans-critical or super-critical operating speeds are quite common, and rotating machinery must be mass produced with very demanding precision in balance effectiveness, generally without recourse to high-speed balance procedures. A procedure has been developed which permits high-speed multi-plane (i.e., three or more plane) balance correction to be made on rotors in simple conventional low-speed balance machines (Patent Applied For). The procedure accomplishes most of the benefits of actual high-speed or modal or true multi-plane balancing by utilizing other known or available data on the particular rotor’s generic dynamic behavior (i.e., its natural or critical mode shapes) and data on the particular rotor’s generic design and manufacture (i.e., its perceived generic patterns of unbalance distribution). For (N) balance planes, the procedure involves the specification of a Balancing Rule wherein a sequence of (J) low speed balance steps is specified (where J equals the integer part of [(N + 7)/2]). At each of these steps, some fraction (called a Balancing Factor) of the measured two plane unbalance vectors is applied to one or two of the other balance correction planes, before final correction is made on the last two correction planes themselves. A procedure is derived to predetermine those (I) Balance Factors (where I equals [N-2]). The procedure involves an iterative sequence for computing the optimized Balance Factors, with convergence driven by the Newton Raphson procedure, and requires the specification of (I) pairs of generic unbalance distributions and natural mode shapes. The analytically derived Balancing Factors are designed to null the vibration response of the rotor excited by each of the specified generic unbalance distributions at the critical speed associated with the specified mode shape with which the generic unbalance distribution is paired.
Precision Polymers through ADMET Polymerization (2014)

Acyclic diene metathesis (ADMET) polymerization is a unique strategy for achieving polymers with precise control over the primary structure. This precision is obtained by specific monomer design and carefully controlled polymerization conditions. Over time, this approach has produced an array of sophisticated architectures ranging from precise polyethylenes, to hyperbranched polymers, to rotaxanes. image
Discovery of Benzotriazolo[4,3-<i>d</i>][1,4]diazepines as Orally Active Inhibitors of BET Bromodomains (2015)

Inhibition of the bromodomains of the BET family, of which BRD4 is a member, has been shown to decrease myc and interleukin (IL) 6 in vivo, markers that are of therapeutic relevance to cancer and inflammatory disease, respectively. Herein we report substituted benzo[b]isoxazolo[4,5-d]azepines and benzotriazolo[4,3-d][1,4]diazepines as fragment-derived novel inhibitors of the bromodomain of BRD4. Compounds from these series were potent and selective in cells, and subsequent optimization of microsomal stability yielded representatives that demonstrated dose- and time-dependent reduction of plasma IL-6 in mice.
Spectral cytopathology: new aspects of data collection, manipulation and confounding effects (2013)

This paper presents a short review on the improvements in data processing for spectral cytopathology, the diagnostic method developed for large scale diagnostic analysis of spectral data of individual dried and fixed cells. This review is followed by the analysis of the confounding effects introduced by utilizing reflecting "low-emissivity" (low-e) slides as sample substrates in infrared micro-spectroscopy of biological samples such as individual dried cells or tissue sections. The artifact introduced by these substrates, referred to as the "standing electromagnetic wave" artifact, indeed, distorts the spectra noticeably, as postulated recently by several research groups. An analysis of the standing wave effect reveals that careful data pre-processing can reduce the spurious effects to a level where they are not creating a major problem for spectral cytopathology and spectral histopathology.
Electrically pumped photonic nanowire single-photon source with an efficiency of 89% (2011)

We propose a new electrically-pumped single-photon source design based on a quantum dot in a photonic nanowire. For realistic parameters, the design features an efficiency of 89 % predicted by numerical simulations. Unlike cavity-based designs, our approach allows for broadband spontaneous emission control and has high tolerance towards surface roughness. In the nanowire, a geometrical effect ensures good coupling between the quantum dot and the optical mode, and an inverted tapering section is introduced to adiabatically expand the mode waist and control the far field emission profile while minimizing the relative modal overlap with the metal contacts.
Real Time Estimation of Battery Impedance (2006)

Electrochemical impedance measurement systems use the Bode analysis technique to characterize the impedance of an electrochemical process. It is a well established and proven technique. The battery being evaluated is excited with a current that is single frequency and its response is measured. The process is repeated over a range of frequencies of interest until the spectrum of the impedance is obtained. The method is effective but time consuming, as the process is serial. A parallel approach using band width limited noise as an excitation current can obtain the same information in less time. The system response to the noise is processed via correlation and fast Fourier transform (FFT) algorithms and many such responses are averaged. The result is the spectrum of response over the desired frequency range. The averaging of many responses also makes this process somewhat serial. Another technique assembles the current noise waveform from a sum of sinusoids each at a different frequency. The system response as a time record is acquired and processed with the FFT algorithm. To reduce noise multiple time records of waveforms are processed and their resultant spectra averaged. This process is also serial. There is interest in real time acquisition of battery impedance for control and diagnostics over a limited frequency range. To support this need a true parallel approach is proposed that uses a single acquired time record of the battery response with duration compatible to a real time control process. The time record duration is the battery impedance sample period. If that sample period can be as short as 10's of seconds then, many control system algorithms can use battery impedance as a sensed variable
Expanding the Role of the Wind-Driven Manipulator (1997)

<div class="htmlview paragraph">The wind-driven dynamic manipulator is a device which uses the wind tunnel freestream energy to drive multi-axis maneuvers of test models. This paper summarizes work performed using the device in several applications and discusses current work on characterizing the aerodynamics of an X-38 vehicle model in pitch-yaw maneuvers. Previous applications in flow visualization, adaptive control and linear-domain parameter identification are now extended to multi-axis inverse force and moment measurement over large ranges of attitude. A pitch-yaw-roll version is operated with active roll to measure forces and moments during maneuvers. A 3-D look-up table generated from direct force calibration allows operation of the manipulator through nonlinear regimes where control wing stall and boom wake-wing interactions are allowed to occur. Hybrid designs combining conventional and wind-driven degrees of freedom are discussed.</div>
SkimpyStash (2011)

We present SkimpyStash, a RAM space skimpy key-value store on flash-based storage, designed for high throughput, low latency server applications. The distinguishing feature of SkimpyStash is the design goal of extremely low RAM footprint at about 1 (± 0.5) byte per key-value pair, which is more aggressive than earlier designs. SkimpyStash uses a hash table directory in RAM to index key-value pairs stored in a log-structured manner on flash. To break the barrier of a flash pointer (say, 4 bytes) worth of RAM overhead per key, it "moves" most of the pointers that locate each key-value pair from RAM to flash itself. This is realized by (i) resolving hash table collisions using linear chaining, where multiple keys that resolve (collide) to the same hash table bucket are chained in a linked list, and (ii) storing the linked lists on flash itself with a pointer in each hash table bucket in RAM pointing to the beginning record of the chain on flash, hence incurring multiple flash reads per lookup. Two further techniques are used to improve performance: (iii) two-choice based load balancing to reduce wide variation in bucket sizes (hence, chain lengths and associated lookup times), and a bloom filter in each hash table directory slot in RAM to disambiguate the choice during lookup, and (iv) compaction procedure to pack bucket chain records contiguously onto flash pages so as to reduce flash reads during lookup. The average bucket size is the critical design parameter that serves as a powerful knob for making a continuum of tradeoffs between low RAM usage and low lookup latencies. Our evaluations on commodity server platforms with real-world data center applications show that SkimpyStash provides throughputs from few 10,000s to upwards of 100,000 get-set operations/sec.
Interferometric SAR phase difference calibration: methods and results (2002)

Addresses the steps necessary to determine and maintain the phase calibration of a two-channel interferometric synthetic aperture radar (IFSAR). The method, setup, and accuracy of four different calibration techniques are compared. The most novel technique involves pointing the interferometric baseline at nadir and imaging a lake surface. The other techniques include measuring various flat surfaces in traditional side-looking IFSAR maps, in-flight closed-loop calibration path measurements, and static laboratory measurements. Initial results indicate that, using combinations of these measurements, it is possible to maintain the interferometric phase calibration of Sandia National Laboratories' K/sub u/ Band IFSAR to better than 3 degrees. The time variability of various parts of the calibration and requirements for recalibration are also discussed.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
A Tool for Information Retrieval Research in Peer-to-Peer File Sharing Systems (2007)

We introduce IR-Wire, a tool for information retrieval research and education in peer-to-peer file-sharing systems. Built on top of Lime Wire's implementation of the popular Gnutella standard, it includes functionality to collect data on queries and shared files and stores them in a way to make analyses simple. IR-Wire is designed modularly to facilitate its customization for other uses.
Toughening of CaO–Al2O3–SiO2 glass by dmisteinbergite precipitation (2016)

Dmisteinbergite (CaAl2Si2O8), a metastable phase of anorthite, precipitated in CaO–Al2O3–SiO2 glass with MoO3 and carbon added as nucleating agents; dmisteinbergite precipitation was induced by a simple heat treatment at 1050 °C. Vickers indentation tests revealed substantial crack deflection as a result of the dmisteinbergite precipitation due to the high aspect ratio of its crystals and crystal fraction of ~30%. The stiffness of glass, as evaluated by Vickers indentation and bending tests, apparently decreased after heat treatment because of microcrack formation. After dmisteinbergite precipitation, the brittleness of glass, defined as toughness-to-hardness ratio, was ~30% of the original glass. Our results suggest a new approach for preparing a tough glass.
CD40 stimulation leads to effective therapy of CD40<sup>−</sup>tumors through induction of strong systemic cytotoxic T lymphocyte immunity (2002)

Adequate spontaneous activation of tumor-specific T lymphocytes in tumor-bearing hosts is rare, despite the expression of tumor antigens that are potentially highly immunogenic. For example, failure of the immune system to raise competent responses against established tumors expressing the human adenovirus E1A-antigen allows this tumor to grow in immunocompetent mice. We show that systemic in vivo administration of agonistic anti-CD40 antibodies into tumor-bearing mice results in tumor eradication mediated by CD8(+) T cells. Treatment resulted in a strong expansion and systemic accumulation of E1A-specific CTL and depended on CD40 expression on host cells, as the tumor was CD40(-), and therapy failed in CD40-deficient mice. Local intratumoral administration of anti-CD40 mAb is equally effective in licensing strong, systemic CTL immunity, resulting in the clearance of distant tumor nodules. Our data indicate that the immune response after cancer-host interactions can be directed toward competence, leading to the cure of established tumors merely by delivery of a CD40-dependent "license to kill" signal.
System and Transport Interface of H.264/AVC Scalable Extension (2006)

The scalable extension of H.264/AVC, known as scalable video coding or SVC, has recently been the main focus of the Joint Video Team. The higher level syntax of SVC follows the design principles of H.264/AVC. This allows the work towards an optimized file format and RTF payload format to be conducted in parallel with the core SVC specification. This paper provides an overview of the system and transport interface design of SVC, including the SVC high-level syntax and functionalities, SVC file format, and SVC RTF payload format.
Diurnal temperature variations in the lower troposphere as measured by an all-day-operational pure rotational Raman lidar (2020)

We describe a pure rotational Raman lidar for measuring the all-day temperature profiles in the lower troposphere. The lidar is made up of a frequency-tripled Nd:YAG laser at 354.82 nm with ∼250<i>m</i><i>J</i> pulse energy at the 30 Hz repetition rate, a 200 mm receiving telescope, and narrow-band interference-filter-based detection optics. The lidar performance is shown by measured examples. Under clear sky conditions, with an integration time of 60 min and a vertical resolution of 90 m, the 1-<i>σ</i> statistical uncertainty does not exceed 1 K up to the altitude of ∼4.1<i>k</i><i>m</i> during nighttime, while the corresponding altitude is ∼2.3<i>k</i><i>m</i> at noon. The diurnal temperature variation characteristics have been revealed by the lidar measurements with the 1-<i>σ</i> statistical uncertainty <1<i>K</i> between altitudes ranging from 0.6 to ∼2.0<i>k</i><i>m</i> at Wuhan, China (30.53°N, 114.37°E). The atmospheric temperature shows a strong diurnal oscillation and moderate semidiurnal oscillation at altitudes 0-1.4 km for two days in July 2019 (July period), 0-1.4 km for four days in September 2019 (September period), and 0-0.8 km for three days in January 2018 (January period), respectively. The mean diurnal and semidiurnal amplitudes of the nine days are respectively ∼1.4<i>K</i> and ∼0.5<i>K</i> at the 0.6 km altitude, while the corresponding surface values are ∼4.2<i>K</i> and ∼1.4<i>K</i>, respectively. The diurnal amplitudes tend to weaken with increasing altitude. At altitudes >0.6<i>k</i><i>m</i>, the diurnal amplitude in the September period is less than that in the July period, but greater than that in the January period. The phase delays of the diurnal oscillations are ∼3<i>h</i> in the July period, 5-6 h in the September period, and 5-7 h in the January period compared to those at the surface, respectively. Both the diurnal amplitudes and phase delays indicate a possible seasonal dependence.