gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Safety and immunogenicity of an mRNA-lipid nanoparticle vaccine candidate against SARS-CoV-2 (2021)

In this study 2 CVnCoV doses were safe, with acceptable reactogenicity and 12 μg dosages elicited levels of immune responses that overlapped those observed in convalescent sera.
Enhancing IoT Security and Privacy with Distributed Ledgers - A Position Paper (2017)

The Internet of Things has a number of well-publicised security flaws, resulting in numerous recent attacks.In this paper we lay out a framework for looking at how distributed ledgers and Blockchain technology can be used to enhance the security, privacy and manageability of IoT devices and networks.A significant concern is the inability to process blockchains on small devices.We propose an architecture for IoT security and privacy based on blockchains that addresses this and other issues.We look at related work and propose areas of further research.
Multisensor 3D tracking for counter small unmanned air vehicles (CSUAV) (2008)

A variety of unmanned air vehicles (UAVs) have been developed for both military and civilian use. The typical large UAV is typically state owned, whereas small UAVs (SUAVs) may be in the form of remote controlled aircraft that are widely available. The potential threat of these SUAVs to both the military and civilian populace has led to research efforts to counter these assets via track, ID, and attack. Difficulties arise from the small size and low radar cross section when attempting to detect and track these targets with a single sensor such as radar or video cameras. In addition, clutter objects make accurate ID difficult without very high resolution data, leading to the use of an acoustic array to support this function. This paper presents a multi-sensor architecture that exploits sensor modes including EO/IR cameras, an acoustic array, and future inclusion of a radar. A sensor resource management concept is presented along with preliminary results from three of the sensors.
Optical Sensing and Imaging of Trace Oxygen with Record Response (2007)

Ultratrace quantities of oxygen can be determined at single spots as well as spatially resolved, and over a temperature range of more than 100 K, by exploiting the extremely efficient quenching of the delayed fluorescence of the fullerene C70 incorporated into matrices of organosilica or ethyl cellulose.
Rational Design and in-Situ FTIR Analyses of Colorimetrically Reversibe Polydiacetylene Supramolecules (2005)

The colorimetric reversibility of polydiacetylene supramolecules, derived from a variety of functionalized diacetylenic lipids, has been subjected to detailed investigation. In an earlier effort, it was shown that polydiacetylene vesicles prepared from PCDA-mBzA 1, bearing terminal m-carboxyphenylamido groups, display complete reversibility upon thermal stimulation [J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2003, 125, 8976]. The origin and nature of reversible thermochromism in these systems have been elucidated in-situ in the current studies by using polydiacetylene supramolecules, prepared from analogues of PCDA-mBzA 1. Issues related to the effects of (1) internal amide groups, (2) headgroup aromatic interactions, (3) lengths of the hydrophobic alkyl chains, and (4) terminal carboxylic groups on the colorimetric reversibility of the polydiacetylene supramolecules have been probed. The results demonstrate that well-developed hydrogen-bonding and aromatic interactions between headgroups are essential for complete recovery of the length of the conjugated π-electron chain following thermal stimulus. The results of this comprehensive investigation allow for the first time the rational design of reversible colorimetric sensors based on polydiacetylene supramolecules.
Temporal decomposition of speech (1984)

A method for decomposing speech into a small number of temporally overlapping\nevents has been proposed by Atal. A survey is given of the stages in this method,\nillustrated by intermediate results at each step in analysing real speech. This reveals\nsome problems at early stages in the original method developed by Atal. These\nproblems are not fundamental to the philosophy of this apprqach, and some suggestions\nare made for overcoming them in future work .
A PHOTOALLERGENICITY STUDY OF PRULIFLOXACIN (NM441) IN GUINEA PIGS (1996)

Photoallergenicity of prulifloxacin, a new antibacterial agent, was examined using guinea pigs compared with those of the other quinolone antibacterial drugs, ofloxacin (OFLX), lomefloxacin (LFLX), ciprofloxacin (CPFX), enoxacin (ENX) and nalidixic acid (NA). Prulifloxacin and other drugs were orally administered at minimal phototoxic doses 1 hr before UVA (18 J/cm2) irradiation. This photosensitization procedure was daily repeated for 5 days. On 16 days after the final sensitization, the animals were challenged with UVA (18 J/cm2) after the administration of correspondent substances at maximal non-phototoxic doses. Photoallergic reactions were induced by OFLX (40 mg/kg), LFLX (3 mg/kg), CPFX (170 mg/kg) and ENX (80 mg/kg), but were not observed in prulifloxacin (170 mg/kg) and NA (30 mg/kg). These results show that photoallergenicity of prulifloxacin were less severe than those of the other quinolone antibacterial drugs under the conditions of this study.
Multilevel synthesis minimizing the routing factor (1990)

A multilevel logic synthesis method based on standard cells and aiming at reducing both gate and wiring areas is presented. The goal is to decrease the routing factor which is defined as a ratio between the routing area and the gate area. The wiring is taken into account during the synthesis steps (factorization and technology mapping). The approach is based on a lexicographical expression of a Boolean function controlling the input dependency and on a kernel filtering controlling the excessive factorizations responsible for wiring complexity increase. >
Anatomical and morphological characteristics of <I>Populus euphratica</I> in the lower reaches of Tarim River under extreme drought environment (2011)

Populus euphratica Oliv. is an old desert tree species that has been naturalized and invades zones along the watercourses in many arid and semiarid regions.The plant species developed some plasticity to adapt to the gradual environmental gradients.The aim of this study was to test the hypothesis that the changes in leaf morphology of P. euphratica reflect the adaptability of the plant to the unique environment of the lower reaches of Tarim River in China.The foliar architecture, blade epidermal and internal anatomies of P. euphratica were analyzed at different sites along the Tarim River.Compared with the abaxial surface of the leaves, their adaxial surface has more hairs, a greater stomatal density and opening, higher mesophyll proportion, and increased blade thickness, palisade width, and epidermal thickness.The long trichome of the roots found at site 6 in the Yinsu section may be an adapted structure of the plants in arid areas.The mature leaves of P. euphratica have comparatively more epidermis and cuticles, well developed palisades and more chloroplasts at different sites compared to the young leaves.Foliar morphological and anatomical variability in P. euphratica may be considered an adaptive advantage that enables leaves to develop and function in different habitats, marked by strong variations in solar radiation, air temperature, humidity and water table.
Which Encoding is the Best for Text Classification in Chinese, English, Japanese and Korean? (2017)

This article offers an empirical study on the different ways of encoding Chinese, Japanese, Korean (CJK) and English languages for text classification. Different encoding levels are studied, including UTF-8 bytes, characters, words, romanized characters and romanized words. For all encoding levels, whenever applicable, we provide comparisons with linear models, fastText and convolutional networks. For convolutional networks, we compare between encoding mechanisms using character glyph images, one-hot (or one-of-n) encoding, and embedding. In total there are 473 models, using 14 large-scale text classification datasets in 4 languages including Chinese, English, Japanese and Korean. Some conclusions from these results include that byte-level one-hot encoding based on UTF-8 consistently produces competitive results for convolutional networks, that word-level n-grams linear models are competitive even without perfect word segmentation, and that fastText provides the best result using character-level n-gram encoding but can overfit when the features are overly rich.
Lithium enhanced cell proliferation and differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells to neural cells in rat spinal cord. (2015)

Lithium has been shown to inhibit apoptosis of neural progenitor cells (NPCs) and promote differentiation of NPCs. However, there was rare data to discuss the effects of lithium on neural differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs). Here, we investigated the potential promotion of lithium to MSC proliferation and neural differentiation in vitro and after transplanted into the ventral horn of rat spinal cord in vivo. We found that lithium possesses the ability to promote proliferation of GFP-MSCs in a dose dependent manner as verified by growth curve and bromodeoxyuridine (BrdU) incorporation assays; While in neural induction medium, lithium (0.1 mM) promotes neural differentiation of GFP-MSCs as verified by immunostaining and quantitative analysis. After transplantation of GFP-MSCs into the rat spinal cord, lithium treatment enhanced cell survival and neural differentiation after transplantation as verified by immunohistochemistry. These data suggested that lithium could be a potential drug to augment the therapeutic efficiency of MSCs transplantation therapy in central nervous system (CNS) disorders.
Optimization of hearing-aid gain and frequency response for cochlear hearing losses (1989)

A new theoretical procedure was developed for optimizing the acoustic characteristics of hearing aids. The algorithm increases predicted speech intelligibility while keeping the estimated loudness of amplified speech at a predetermined level. The intelligibility criterion was the mutual information between spoken phonetic messages and the corresponding streams of auditory patterns in a psychoacoustic model of the listener's auditory system. The speech signal was modeled as a sequence of allophone transitions. Each transition was represented by three auditory patterns, each containing ten cepstrum coefficients, one voice and one duration parameter. The shape of optimized hearing-aid frequency responses depended strongly on the desired loudness of amplified speech. When normal loudness was desired for speech at 65 dB SPL, and the optimization was initialized with the NAL prescription, hearing-aid gain was reduced, but predicted speech intelligibility was nearly unchanged. Predicted intelligibility of amplified speech in a noisy background was similar for several different frequency responses. The mutual information was highly correlated with a modified version of the articulation index.
Weyl Semimetal in a Topological Insulator Multilayer (2011)

We propose a simple realization of the three-dimensional (3D) Weyl semimetal phase, utilizing a multilayer structure, composed of identical thin films of a magnetically doped 3D topological insulator, separated by ordinary-insulator spacer layers. We show that the phase diagram of this system contains a Weyl semimetal phase of the simplest possible kind, with only two Dirac nodes of opposite chirality, separated in momentum space, in its band structure. This Weyl semimetal has a finite anomalous Hall conductivity and chiral edge states and occurs as an intermediate phase between an ordinary insulator and a 3D quantum anomalous Hall insulator. We find that the Weyl semimetal has a nonzero dc conductivity at zero temperature, but Drude weight vanishing as T(2), and is thus an unusual metallic phase, characterized by a finite anomalous Hall conductivity and topologically protected edge states.
CONDITIONAL PRODUCTION OF A FUNCTIONAL FISH GROWTH HORMONE IN THE TRANSGENIC LINE OF <i>NANNOCHLOROPSIS OCULATA</i> (EUSTIGMATOPHYCEAE)<sup>1</sup> (2008)

Plasmid phr-YPGHc, containing the fish growth hormone (GH) cDNA driven by a heat shock protein 70A promoter and a RUBISCO SSU 2 promoter, was transferred into the protoplast of marine microalga Nannochloropsis oculata (Droop) D. J. Hibberd by electroporation. Four transgenic clones were obtained in which the transferred phr-YPGHc was integrated into the genome and existed stably at least until the 50th generation. When we treated these transgenic microalgae by heat shock, the heterologous fish GH was produced in the amount of 0.42 to 0.27 μg · mL(-1) from the 50 mL of medium. We incubated artemia with the wildtype and transgenic N. oculata for 6 h and then fed these microalgae-treated artemia to red-tilapia larvae. After feeding, the growth of larvae that were fed artemia incubated with transgenic microalgae was greater (i.e., statistically significant: P < 0.05) than that of larvae that were fed artemia incubated with nontransgenic microalgae: 316% versus 104% in weight gain, and 217% versus 146% in body length increase, respectively. Therefore, the N. oculata enables production of functional GH, and we propose that it might be an excellent bioreactor material.
What do we know about defect detection methods? [software testing (2006)

A survey of defect detection studies comparing inspection and testing techniques yields practical recommendations: use inspections for requirements and design defects, and use testing for code. Evidence-based software engineering can help software practitioners decide which methods to use and for what purpose. EBSE involves defining relevant questions, surveying and appraising avail able empirical evidence, and integrating and evaluating new practices in the target environment. This article helps define questions regarding defect detection techniques and presents a survey of empirical studies on testing and inspection techniques. We then interpret the findings in terms of practical use. The term defect always relates to one or more underlying faults in an artifact such as code. In the context of this article, defects map to single faults
찬경(纂經)≪동국정운(東國正韻)≫의 편위(編緯)와 활용양상(活用樣相) (2014)

≪東國正韻≫에 대한 몇 가지 미흡한 문제를 재검토하려는 것이다. 첫째 이 운서 편찬의 주체를 최고 책임자, 총괄적 주관 자, 그리고 전문적 실무자로 나누어 검토하되, 거기에 불교계의 전문가가 개입되었을 가능성을 추적하여 보았다. 둘째 이 운서편찬의 동기·목적이 훈민정음 창제·실용과 직결되어 내외적인 양면성과 함께 불교적 성향을 드러내고 있음을 규명해 보았다. 셋째 이 운서 편찬의 실제적 과정이 훈민정음의 그것과 맞물려 일련의 불교적 어문사업으로 진행되었음을 검토하여 보았다. 넷째, 이 운서가 편간 전후에 활용된 양상을 조정·유교계와 왕실·불교계의 문헌을 통하여 실증하여 보았다.
Vaccine development and therapeutic design for 2019‐nCoV/SARS‐CoV‐2: Challenges and chances (2020)

The ongoing outbreak of the recently emerged 2019 novel coronavirus (nCoV), which has seriously threatened global health security, is caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) with high morbidity and mortality. Despite the burden of the disease worldwide, still, no licensed vaccine or any specific drug against 2019-nCoV is available. Data from several countries show that few repurposed drugs using existing antiviral drugs have not (so far) been satisfactory and more recently were proven to be even highly toxic. These findings underline an urgent need for preventative and therapeutic interventions designed to target specific aspects of 2019-nCoV. Again the major factor in this urgency is that the process of data acquisition by physical experiment is time-consuming and expensive to obtain. Scientific simulations and more in-depth data analysis permit to validate or refute drug repurposing opportunities predicted via target similarity profiling to speed up the development of a new more effective anti-2019-nCoV therapy especially where in vitro and/or in vivo data are not yet available. In addition, several research programs are being developed, aiming at the exploration of vaccines to prevent and treat the 2019-nCoV. Computational-based technology has given us the tools to explore and identify potentially effective drug and/or vaccine candidates which can effectively shorten the time and reduce the operating cost. The aim of the present review is to address the available information on molecular determinants in disease pathobiology modules and define the computational approaches employed in systematic drug repositioning and vaccine development settings for SARS-CoV-2.
Guided optical waves in planar heterostructures with negative dielectric constant (1991)

A detailed study of guided optical modes in planar heterostructures involving one or two media with negative dielectric constant is presented. The existence and the form of the solutions with respect to geometrical and physical parameters are derived. The cases of a metal between two dielectrics and a metal-dielectric-metal heterostructure are treated successively.
Phosphoinositides Play Differential Roles in Regulating Phototropin1- and Phototropin2-Mediated Chloroplast Movements in Arabidopsis (2013)

Phototropins are UVA/blue-light receptors involved in controlling the light-dependent physiological responses which serve to optimize the photosynthetic activity of plants and promote growth. The phototropin-induced phosphoinositide (PI) metabolism has been shown to be essential for stomatal opening and phototropism. However, the role of PIs in phototropin-induced chloroplast movements remains poorly understood. The aim of this work is to determine which PI species are involved in the control of chloroplast movements in Arabidopsis and the nature of their involvement. We present the effects of the inactivation of phospholipase C (PLC), PI3-kinase (PI3K) and PI4-kinase (PI4K) on chloroplast relocations in Arabidopsis. The inhibition of the phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphospahte [PI(4,5)P2]-PLC pathway, using neomycin and U73122, suppressed the phot2-mediated chloroplast accumulation and avoidance responses, without affecting movement responses controlled by phot1. On the other hand, PI3K and PI4K activities are more restricted to phot1- and phot2-induced weak-light responses. The inactivation of PI3K and PI4K by wortmannin and LY294002 severely affected the weak blue-light-activated accumulation response but had little effect on the strong blue-light-activated avoidance response. The inhibitory effect observed with PI metabolism inhibitors is, at least partly, due to a disturbance in Ca(2+) ((c)) signaling. Using the transgenic aequorin system, we show that the application of these inhibitors suppresses the blue-light-induced transient Ca(2+) ((c)) rise. These results demonstrate the importance of PIs in chloroplast movements, with the PI(4,5)P2-PLC pathway involved in phot2 signaling while PI3K and PI4K are required for the phot1- and phot2-induced accumulation response. Our results suggest that these PIs modulate cytosolic Ca(2+) signaling during movements.
Flip Chip - Chip Scale Package Bonding Technology with Type 7 Solder Paste Printing (2021)

In this study, thermo-compression(TC) and vacuum reflow(VR) bonding processes of fine pitch interconnection were optimized using Type 7 Sn-3.0Ag-0.5Cu solder paste. A chip with Cu pillar Sn-2.5Ag bumps and BT substrate with ENEPIG surface finish were used, and the thickness and the aperture ratio of the metal mask were 30 ㎛/50 ㎛ and 70%/100%, respectively. As a result of optimizing the printing process, a metal mask with a thickness of 30 ㎛ and an aperture ratio of 100% was selected. As a result of the TC and VR bonding processes optimization, Cu6Sn5 and (Cu,Ni)6Sn5 IMC layers were formed on the top and bottom of the solder joint, respectively. In the conventional TC process sample, the thickness of the solder was measured to be 4.1 ㎛, and the IMC thickness ratio was calculated to be 40%. Also, in the TC and VR process samples with solder paste, the thickness of the solder was measured to be 6.5 ㎛ and 10.3 ㎛, respectively, and the ratio of the IMC thickness was calculated to be about 32% and 43%. It was expected that it would be beneficial to reliability by reducing the occurrence and propagation of cracks in the solder joint due to the effect of lowering the IMC thickness ratio as the volume of the solder becomes larger than that of the conventional TC process.
Studies in literature. (2005)

George D. Prentice -- Victor Hugo -- Marmontel's Belisarius -- Vathek -- The tempest -- The scarlet letter -- Edwin Booth's Macbeth -- Percy Bysshe Shelley -- Antony and Cleopatra -- Cymbeline -- Hamlet -- David Garrick -- Thackeray -- All's well that ends well -- Dreaming -- Dante -- The gypsies -- Autographs -- Janauschek -- A philological study
Inferring Trust Relationships in Web-Based Social Networks (2006)

The growth of web-based social networking and the properties of those networks have created great potential for producing intelligent software that integrates a user's social network and preferences. This research focuses on the concept of trust in social networks. The goal of the work is to use explicit trust ratings that describe direct connections between people in social networks and compose this information to infer the trust that may exist between two people who are not directly connected. The paper presents two variations on an algorithm to make this calculation in networks in which users rate one another on a binary scale (trusted or not trusted). The authors begin by presenting a definition of trust and illustrating how it fits in with making trust ratings in web-based social networks. For both algorithms, the objective is to infer trust values that are accurate to the person for whom they are calculated. They introduce each algorithm in detail, followed by a theoretical analysis that shows why highly accurate results can be expected. This is reinforced through simulation that demonstrates the correctness in simulated networks. Finally, they demonstrate the potential of using inferred trust values to create trust-aware applications through a prototype of TrustMail, an e-mail client that uses trust ratings as a mechanism to filter e-mail.
Mitochondrial Complex I Inhibitor Rotenone Induces Apoptosis through Enhancing Mitochondrial Reactive Oxygen Species Production (2003)

Inhibition of mitochondrial respiratory chain complex I by rotenone had been found to induce cell death in a variety of cells. However, the mechanism is still elusive. Because reactive oxygen species (ROS) play an important role in apoptosis and inhibition of mitochondrial respiratory chain complex I by rotenone was thought to be able to elevate mitochondrial ROS production, we investigated the relationship between rotenone-induced apoptosis and mitochondrial reactive oxygen species. Rotenone was able to induce mitochondrial complex I substrate-supported mitochondrial ROS production both in isolated mitochondria from HL-60 cells as well as in cultured cells. Rotenone-induced apoptosis was confirmed by DNA fragmentation, cytochrome c release, and caspase 3 activity. A quantitative correlation between rotenone-induced apoptosis and rotenone-induced mitochondrial ROS production was identified. Rotenone-induced apoptosis was inhibited by treatment with antioxidants (glutathione, N-acetylcysteine, and vitamin C). The role of rotenone-induced mitochondrial ROS in apoptosis was also confirmed by the finding that HT1080 cells overexpressing magnesium superoxide dismutase were more resistant to rotenone-induced apoptosis than control cells. These results suggest that rotenone is able to induce apoptosis via enhancing the amount of mitochondrial reactive oxygen species production.
Adaptive pulse segmentation and artifact detection in photoplethysmography for mobile applications (2012)

Pulse oximeters non-invasively measure heart rate and oxygen saturation and have great potential for predicting critical illness. The photoplethysmogram (PPG) recorded from pulse oximetry is often corrupted with artifacts. These artifacts render the derived vital signs inaccurate.