gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Application of adaptive order statistic filters in digital image/image sequence filtering (2002)

An application of adaptive order statistic filters in digital image filtering and in image sequence filtering is presented. The use of optimal minimum mean-square error (MMSE) and adaptive L-filters and L1-filters is examined in detail. It is proven that these filters adapt fairly well and remove effectively noise having various probability distributions (e.g. uniform, Gaussian, Laplacian, impulsive).< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Two-Dimensional Organization of Mono- and Bisurea Supramolecular Polymers Studied by Scanning Tunneling Microscopy (2010)

Scanning tunneling microscopy (STM) of mono- and bisurea-functionalized oligo(p-phenylenevinylene)s at solid/liquid interface visualized two-dimensionally-ordered double columnar structures of pi-conjugated segments scaffolded by one-dimensional supramolecular polymerization of urea hydrogen-bonding units. In contrast to a persistent alignment of the bisurea compound supported by twofold intermolecular urea-urea hydrogen-bonding, the building blocks in the monourea double columns shows dynamic fluctuation and defects because of their rotational motion around urea-urea hydrogen-bonding axis and/or adsorption-desorption of the individual molecules from the surface. Self-assembled structures of mono- and bisurea compounds at solid/liquid interface revealed by STM can be related to their gelation abilities in organic solvents.
A throughput-centric view of the performance of datacenter topologies (2021)

While prior work has explored many proposed datacenter designs, only two designs, Clos-based and expander-based, are generally considered practical because they can scale using commodity switching chips. Prior work has used two different metrics, bisection bandwidth and throughput, for evaluating these topologies at scale. Little is known, theoretically or practically, how these metrics relate to each other. Exploiting characteristics of these topologies, we prove an upper bound on their throughput, then show that this upper bound better estimates worst-case throughput than all previously proposed throughput estimators and scales better than most of them. Using this upper bound, we show that for expander-based topologies, unlike Clos, beyond a certain size of the network, no topology can have full throughput, even if it has full bisection bandwidth; in fact, even relatively small expander-based topologies fail to achieve full throughput. We conclude by showing that using throughput to evaluate datacenter performance instead of bisection bandwidth can alter conclusions in prior work about datacenter cost, manageability, and reliability.
A multivariate prediction model for microarray cross-hybridization (2006)

Abstract Background Expression microarray analysis is one of the most popular molecular diagnostic techniques in the post-genomic era. However, this technique faces the fundamental problem of potential cross-hybridization. This is a pervasive problem for both oligonucleotide and cDNA microarrays; it is considered particularly problematic for the latter. No comprehensive multivariate predictive modeling has been performed to understand how multiple variables contribute to (cross-) hybridization. Results We propose a systematic search strategy using multiple multivariate models [multiple linear regressions, regression trees, and artificial neural network analyses (ANNs)] to select an effective set of predictors for hybridization. We validate this approach on a set of DNA microarrays with cytochrome p450 family genes. The performance of our multiple multivariate models is compared with that of a recently proposed third-order polynomial regression method that uses percent identity as the sole predictor. All multivariate models agree that the 'most contiguous base pairs between probe and target sequences,' rather than percent identity, is the best univariate predictor. The predictive power is improved by inclusion of additional nonlinear effects, in particular target GC content, when regression trees or ANNs are used. Conclusion A systematic multivariate approach is provided to assess the importance of multiple sequence features for hybridization and of relationships among these features. This approach can easily be applied to larger datasets. This will allow future developments of generalized hybridization models that will be able to correct for false-positive cross-hybridization signals in expression experiments.
Targeted delivery of nerve growth factor to the cholinergic basal forebrain of Alzheimer’s disease patients: application of a second-generation encapsulated cell biodelivery device (2016)

ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT01163825 . Registered on 14 Jul 2010.
Huntington’s disease (2003)

The rate of progression of HD was significantly more rapid with a younger age at onset. Therefore, CAG repeat length may be an important determinant of not only the age at onset, but also the rate of disease progression. Chorea was associated with weight loss, but chorea and dystonia were not major determinants of disability.
Discovery of Pyrano[3,4-<i>b</i>]indoles as Potent and Selective HCV NS5B Polymerase Inhibitors (2004)

A novel series of HCV NS5B RNA-dependent RNA polymerase inhibitors containing a pyrano[3,4-b]indole scaffold is described leading to the discovery of compound 16, a highly potent and selective inhibitor that is active in the replicon system.
Rheo-optical studies of blood cells1 (1975)

This paper is concerned with the optical properties of suspensions of blood cells subjected to flow, under conditions where rates of shear are non-uniform and undefined, as for stirred or swirled suspensions, or where they are rigorously defined, as
Chemical vapor deposition of CoGa and PtGa2 thin films from mixed-metalorganometallic compounds (1989)

A new process for deposition of thin metal films from organometallic precursors of limited volatility has been demonstrated. Short path vapor transport of the complexes dichloro(tetracarbonylcobalt)gallium(III) tetrahydrofuranate, (CO)4CoGaCl2(THF), or platinum(bis-dimethylglyoximato)(bis-dimethylgallium), Pt{(N2C2(CH3)2O2)(GaMe2)}2, each under a stream of hydrogen, leads to the films of the intermetallic compounds CoGa and PtGa2, respectively, on substrates such as Si (100) wafer or a glass slide at 500 °C. The compounds were identified and characterized by x-ray diffraction, Auger electron and x-ray photoelectron spectroscopies. The films are crystalline and highly reflective. The CoGa film is single phased; the PtGa2 film shows a minor constituent of Pt2Ga3.
In-situ Heat Generation for Near Wellbore Asphaltene and Wax Remediation (2014)

Organic deposits such as paraffin and asphaltene in the near-wellbore region are common damage mechanisms in oil wells, especially in brown fields, and account for major production losses from these fields. Typical efforts to mitigate these problems include pumping of several types of remedial treatments to inhibit or dissolve deposits, pump heated fluids as in hot oil treatments, or use mechanical methods such as cleanouts with jointed pipes and coiled tubing. Most of these methods are not time and cost-efficient for two reasons. First, such treatments are usually not one-time solutions but are required at periodic intervals depending on the severity of the problem. Second, the specific requirements such as long soaking time, exotic chemical systems, large equipment footprints, safety etc., often add to the associated service costs. In some of the fields being developed in the western onshore fields of India, heavy organic deposition across screens and in the near-wellbore region is being experienced. This is suspected to be occurring due to wax appearance temperature being close to the reservoir temperature. The wax dissolution temperature is well above the reservoir temperature, due to which any effective remedial treatment necessitates higher temperature generation for dissolution/inhibition of wax problems. Different types of solvents have been used for remediation purposes and have yielded mixed result. The concept of heat generation by exothermic chemical reactions has also been applied in the field after taking a cue from oil industry application, pipeline pigging industry to tackle the similar problems. On lines of this concept, the authors designed an effective and cost-efficient in-situ heat generation treatment to be applied in oil wells for removal of organic deposits. After laboratory testing using a range of products, the regulated components from the pipeline systems were replaced with safer, non-regulated products to suit oil well treatment. A successful field trial was achieved with the chemicals in generating heat to attain temperatures beyond the wax dissolution temperature, resulting in increased production. This paper documents the steps in developing this system and using it in the field, and aims to describe the challenges encountered, lessons learnt and recommendations for future application of the system.
Selective Extraction of Large-Diameter Single-Wall Carbon Nanotubes with Specific Chiral Indices by Poly(9,9-dioctylfluorene-<i>alt</i>-benzothiadiazole) (2011)

Semiconducting single-wall carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) having large diameters (d(t) > 1.3 nm) are successfully extracted in toluene by fluorene-based polymers. In particular, poly(9,9-dioctylfluorene-alt-benzothiadiazole) shows excellent selectivity for (15,4) SWCNTs. Although the importance of structural matching between the fluorene backbone and the tube surface has already been discussed, the present photoluminescence studies reveal that matching the energy levels between fluorene-based polymers and SWCNTs is crucial for selective nanotube extractions.
Iron deprivation‐induced apoptosis in HL‐60 cells (1994)

Iron deprivation of HL-60 cells with deferoxamine B mesylate (DFO) induced apoptosis. DNA fragmentation became apparent with 10(-6) M DFO after 48 h treatment. The apoptosis peak according to the DNA histogram on flow cytometry and typical nuclear collapse and were observed microscopically after 48 h treatment with 10(-4) M DFO. Cells treated with 10(-4) M DFO for as little as 24 h were shown to be committed to apoptosis, as chromatin condensation progressed gradually thereafter.
Electrode-contact enhancement in silicon nanowire-array-textured solar cells (2011)

In the case of the silicon (Si) nanowire (NW)-array-textured solar cells, the electrode-contact enhancement has been achieved using a simple and convenient double-step diffusion process to form a highly doped N+ region at the tips of a Si-NW array. The series resistance can be effectively reduced, leading to an increase in the short-circuit current density in the cell. We have studied the physical mechanism of the impact of an increase in doping level at the tips of a Si-NW array on the electrode-contact property, which would benefit in realizing an improvement in cell performance in such a nanostructure solar cell.
Motion analysis and experiments of passive walking robot QUARTET II (2002)

In this paper, passive walking of the eight-legged robot QUARTET II that has simple straight legs, and is also constrained to have two degrees of freedom for the simplicity of its motion, is described. The legged robot can continue to walk down a slight slope steadily without any actuation if appropriate initial conditions are given. Since no control input, except for gravitational torque, is applied to the robot, more natural gaits compared with those of conventional actuated walking robots are expected. In walking simulation, trajectory stability and bifurcation that occurs along with the increase of slope angle and finally leads to chaotic gait are discussed. In walking experiment, some kind of trajectory stability and bifurcation can be observed.
Improving image control by correcting the lens-heating focus drift (2000)

A robust characterization procedure of the focus drift during the lens heating effect is introduced. Through the optimized lens heating factors, we could keep the better wafer image control when exposure. Result in better critical dimension uniformity across wafer and across one field. This paper will present a detailed optimization procedure for lens heating and the benefit to fix the edge and alterative yield loss. There are several methods to characterize the total focus drift during exposure and how to keep the best focus of the image to the center of the focal plan deviation to get the more better image printing control. These methods including the image sensor scan, measurement the alignment offset of the focal mark, exposure-defocus window and CD measurement. The focus drift could be exactly compensated base on the different saturated data and keep the BF in the center of the FPD.
Fatty Acids Identified in the Burmese Python Promote Beneficial Cardiac Growth (2011)

Burmese pythons display a marked increase in heart mass after a large meal. We investigated the molecular mechanisms of this physiological heart growth with the goal of applying this knowledge to the mammalian heart. We found that heart growth in pythons is characterized by myocyte hypertrophy in the absence of cell proliferation and by activation of physiological signal transduction pathways. Despite high levels of circulating lipids, the postprandial python heart does not accumulate triglycerides or fatty acids. Instead, there is robust activation of pathways of fatty acid transport and oxidation combined with increased expression and activity of superoxide dismutase, a cardioprotective enzyme. We also identified a combination of fatty acids in python plasma that promotes physiological heart growth when injected into either pythons or mice.
An exon skipping mutation of a type V collagen gene (COL5A1) in Ehlers-Danlos syndrome. (1996)

The Ehlers-Danlos syndrome (EDS) is a heterogeneous group of inherited connective tissue disorders characterised by skin hyperextensibility, joint hypermobility, easy bruising, and cutaneous fragility. Nine discrete clinical subtypes have been classified. We have investigated the molecular defect in a patient with clinical features of Ehlers-Danlos syndromes types I/II and VII. Electron microscopy of skin tissue indicated abnormal collagen fibrillogenesis with longitudinal sections showing a marked disruption of fibril packing giving very irregular outlines to transverse sections. Analysis of the collagens produced by cultured fibroblasts showed that the type V collagen had a population of alpha 1 (V) chains shorter than normal. Peptide mapping suggested a deletion within the triple helical domain. RTPCR amplification of mRNA covering the whole of this domain of COL5A1 showed a deletion of 54 bp. Although six Gly-X-Y triplets were lost, the essential triplet amino acid sequence and C-propeptide structure were maintained allowing mutant protein chains to be incorporated into triple helices. Genomic DNA analysis identified a de novo G+3-->T transversion in a 5' splice site of one COL5A1 allele. This mutation is analogous to mutations causing exon skipping in the major collagen genes, COL1A1, COL1A2, and COL3A1, identified in several cases of osteogenesis imperfecta and EDS type IV. These observations support the hypothesis that type V, although quantitatively a minor collagen, has a critical role in the formation of the fibrillar collagen matrix.
The Control of Size and Surface Morphology of Silica Microspheres by Sol-Gel Emulsion Approach (2013)

The influence of mixing speed and amountof solvent on the size and surface morphology of hollow silica microspheres was studied. Hollowsilica microspheres were prepared via a sol-gel emulsion method. An aqueous phase of water, ammonium hydroxide and Tween 20 was emulsified in an oil phase of 1-octanol and Span 80, and stabilized by hydroxypropyl cellulose (HPC). Tetraethyl orthosilicate (TEOS) was added to the emulsion and mixed at a speed of either 400, 800, or 1200 rpm. The resulting silica particles were air-dried and calcinated at 773 K for 3 h. The characteristic bonds of silica were detected by Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy and the surface morphology and size of silica microspheres were characterized by scanning electron microscopy. The particle size distribution was measured with laser diffraction and the specific surface areas and pore sizes distributions by Coultier Omnisorp 100 CX. The results indicate that the size of silica decreases from 3.1 to 2.3 μm as mixing speed increases from 400 to 1200 rpm. At constant mixing speed, the silica particles prepared from 160 ml 1-octanol exhibited the greatest specific surface area and total pore volume compared with those of 80 and 240 1-octanol.
Molecular cloning and initial function analysis of cystatin gene in <i>Macrobrachium nipponense</i> (2018)

半胱氨酸蛋白酶抑制因子（CST）是一种能够可逆结合并抑制半胱氨酸蛋白酶类的活性的蛋白，为了明确日本沼虾（）序列及其在日本沼虾卵巢中的作用，本研究利用RACE方法克隆获得日本沼虾全长cDNA序列，利用qRT-PCR分析了其在不同组织和不同发育阶段的卵巢中的表达情况，并利用RNA干扰（RNAi）技术初步分析了MnCST在日本沼虾卵巢发育中的作用。结果显示， cDNA序列全长6199 bp，包含1183 bp 5'非编码区、2304 bp 3'非编码区和2709 bp开放阅读框，编码903个氨基酸残基，其氨基酸序列上有6个cystatin-like（半胱氨酸蛋白酶抑制因子样）结构域和42个磷酸化位点；基因表达，Ⅳ期卵巢中表达量最高，Ⅱ期卵巢中表达量最低；）基因的表达变化基本是一致的，但对卵黄蛋白原（）基因的表达没有直接影响。MnCST在日本沼虾卵巢中的作用可能主要是抑制CtsB和CtsL的活性，在日本沼虾卵巢发育过程中对Vg的水解起间接的调控作用。
Silicon photonics: the early years (2005)

The purpose of this paper is to set the scene for what promises to be an outstanding conference. To this end the paper will survey the early work in silicon photonics from the late 1980s to the mid 1990s. This was when the more fundamental studies of basic building blocks were carried out, such as study of the silicon optical waveguide itself, the contributions to loss and improvement of waveguiding devices. Issues such as how to achieve modulation, and how to implement a modulator, the criteria for single mode propagation will also be covered, as well as work on the beginnings of optical circuits in silicon and SOI. The focus will be upon pure silicon, usually, but not exclusively in the form of Silicon on Insulator (SOI), as opposed to work on compounds such as SiGe or SiC. Much of this work still resonates with work being carried out today, because the move to smaller and more efficient devices means that some of these issues must be revisited in order to achieve optimal device performance. Hence the paper will provide a summary of the early work on silicon photonics, and attempt to relate it to some of the issues being studied today.
Molecular dynamics simulations of the metallic behavior of the Si(001) surface at high temperatures (2008)

We perform molecular dynamics simulations to study the temperature-induced metal-semiconductor transition and the solid-liquid phase transition in the Si(001) surface. Our calculations indicate that driven by temperature, the Si dimers in the surface flip-flop, accompanied with the creation of some longer and shorter Si dimers. The concentration of both longer and shorter dimers increases with rising temperature. Once the concentration is larger than about 20% (at $\ensuremath{\sim}800\phantom{\rule{0.3em}{0ex}}\mathrm{K}$), the metal-semiconductor transition in the Si(001) surface takes place. In addition, we find that when the temperature reaches about $1200\phantom{\rule{0.3em}{0ex}}\mathrm{K}$, the topmost layer in the surface transforms to liquid; such a liquid state is responsible for the metallic behavior of the surface at $T>1200\phantom{\rule{0.3em}{0ex}}\mathrm{K}$.
Nucleic Acid Amplification of Individual Molecules in a Microfluidic Device (2008)

A microfluidic device was developed that enabled rapid polymerase chain reaction (PCR) analysis of individual DNA molecules. The device combined a means for accessing samples serially from a microtiter plate, channels for assembling eight parallel PCR reactions, and integrated resistive heaters for rapid thermocycling (>5 degrees C/s heating, >7 degrees C/s cooling) of samples as they flowed continuously through PCR channels. Amplification was monitored by fluorescence detection of Taqman probes. The long, narrow channels (10 microm x 180 microm x 40 mm) allowed sufficient separation between neighboring DNA templates to enable amplification of discreet DNA molecules. The functionality of the device was demonstrated by reproducibly amplifying a 2D6.6 CYP450 template and distinguishing between wild-type and mutant sequences using Taqman probes. A comparison of the rate of individual amplification events to the expected Poisson distribution confirmed that the device could reliably analyze individual DNA molecules. This work establishes the feasibility of rapid, single-molecule interrogation of nucleic acids.
Online Sensing of Human Steering Intervention Torque for Autonomous Driving Actuation Systems (2018)

Identification of human driver intervention is important for the safety and performance of autonomous vehicles. Effective sensing of driver steering torque will enable human drivers to take over controls when needed. Due to the special operation mode of autonomous vehicles, both the human driver and the actuator motor apply active torque to the steering wheel simultaneously during the take-over process. This makes it impossible to detect the human interventions by simply using a torque sensor due to the coupled torques. To tackle this new problem, a model-based strategy to estimate human steering intervention torque is presented for autonomous vehicles in this paper. The model of autonomous steering wheel actuation system is established first. Online human steering torque estimation algorithm is then proposed and the stability condition is given to guarantee both the estimation convergence and accuracy. Numerical simulation is performed to validate the feasibility of the proposed estimator based upon three typical steering intervention cases. The influence factors of the estimation performance are discussed, and a trade-off policy is utilized to determine the optimal estimation gain. Furthermore, experimental studies are carried out on a passenger car equipped with an autonomous driving actuation system. Both the simulation and experimental results demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed approach.
Practical cellular dividers (1990)

A discussion is presented of parallel division algorithms that can be classified among modified higher radix nonrestoring online division methods, where redundant representations are extensively utilized to speed up the operation. The network realizations of these algorithms are cellular, or even systolic with exclusively local control; they have both size (area) and time of O(n), where n is the length of the dividend representation. The same structures can also be used as a signed, digit-serial multiplier. When suitably equipped with some control and a few registers, the divider/multiplier brings remarkable performance to large modular arithmetic, RSA cryptography, and greatest common divisor computations. They are also of interest for the design of floating-point units and signal processing applications.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Hybrid permanent-magnet synchronous motors (1978)

The paper provides a comprehensive review of the development of self-starting synchronous motors with permanent-magnet excitation. Several new configurations of machine are described and their performance is demonstrated. Some important aspects of the performance are discussed. It is shown that the finite-element method of computing permanent-magnet fields, discussed in an earlier paper, gives an accurate prediction of performance.
Deposition of Metals and Metal Oxides by Means of Metal Enolates (2010)

Abstract Introduction Deposition Techniques Metal Deposition Metal Oxide Deposition