gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Development and Validation of an Unintrusive Model for Predicting the Sensation of Envelopment Arising from Surround Sound Recordings (2010)

An objective prediction model for the sensation of sound envelopment in five-channel reproduction is important for evaluating spatial quality. Regression analysis was used to map the listening test scores on a variety of audio sources and the objective measures extracted from the recordings themselves. By following an iterative process, a prediction model with five features was constructed. The validity of the model was tested in a second set of subjective scores and showed a correlation coefficient of 0.9. Among the five features: sound distribution and interaural cross-correlation contributed substantially to the sensation of envelopment. The model did not require access to the original audio. Scales used for listening tests were defined by audible anchors.
Development of High-sensitivity Sacrificial Specimen for Long-term Stress Monitoring of Structures (2000)

Sacrificial specimen is a small sized fatigue specimen which is designed so that fatigue damage may be produced in the specimen sufficiently earlier than in a structural member when it is secured onto the structural member. The purpose is to make a diagnosis of structural safety based on the monitoring result of sacrificial specimen. In the previous study, a sacrificial specimen was developed for the purpose of fatigue life prediction of structural members. In this study, a high-sensitivity sacrificial specimen is developed for the purpose of estimating the characteristics of long-term stress distribution working on structural members. In order to increase the fatigue sensitivity, a mechanism to amplify the member stress is newly applied. The sacrificial specimen is cemented onto a smooth specimen, and fatigue tests are carried out under constant stress amplitude and block loading. It is found that new sacrificial specimen can amplify the member stress appropriately and shows stable fatigue property. Further, the sacrificial specimen is applied to a structural member of actual ship. Stress monitoring is carried out during the period of fourteen months under the service condition. At the same time, stress measurement by strain gage is conducted near the sacrificial specimen. It is found that the characteristics of long-term stress distribution estimated by sacrificial specimen agrees well with that of strain gage.
Towards the industrialization of new biosurfactants: Biotechnological opportunities for the lactone esterase gene from <i>Starmerella bombicola</i> (2015)

Although sophorolipids (SLs) produced by S. bombicola are a real showcase for the industrialization of microbial biosurfactants, some important drawbacks are associated with this efficient biological process, e.g., the simultaneous production of acidic and lactonic SLs. Depending on the application, there is a requirement for the naturally produced mixture to be manipulated to give defined ratios of the components. Recently, the enzyme responsible for the lactonization of SLs was discovered. The discovery of the gene encoding this lactone esterase (sble) enabled the development of promising S. bombicola strains producing either solely lactonic (using a sble overexpression strain described in this paper: oe sble) or solely acidic SLs (using a sble deletion strain, which was recently described, but not characterized yet: Δsble). The new S. bombicola strains were used to investigate the production processes (fermentation and purification) of either lactonic or acidic SLs. The strains maintain the high inherent productivities of the wild-type or even perform slightly better and thus represent a realistic industrial opportunity. 100% acidic SLs with a mixed acetylation pattern were obtained for the Δsble strain, while the inherent capacity to selectively produce lactonic SLs was significantly increased (+42%) for the oe sble strain (99% lactonic SLs). Moreover, the regulatory effect of citrate on lactone SL formation for the wild-type was absent in this new strain, which indicates that it is more robust and better suited for the industrial production of lactonic SLs. Basic parameters were determined for the purified SLs, which confirm that the two new strains produce molecules with distinctive properties of which the application potential can now easily be investigated independently.
Large scale study of epidermal recovery after stratum corneum removal: dynamics of genomic response (2009)

The stratum corneum (SC) is a superficial skin compartment that protects the body from the outside environment. Any disturbance of this function induces cascading steps of molecular and cellular repair in the whole epidermis. The aim of this study was to investigate epidermal gene expression following SC removal by tape stripping. Twenty-nine healthy male volunteers were included (27 +/- 4 years old). Tape stripping was processed on one inner forearm, the other unstripped forearm served as a control. Epidermis samples were collected at 2, 6, 19, 30 and 72 h after tape stripping. Trans-epidermal water loss measurements were performed at each step to monitor barrier restoration. Total RNA was extracted from collected epidermis samples and analysed by using DermArray cDNA microarrays. Among 4000 genes under investigation, we found that the expression of 370 genes varied significantly at least once during the time following stripping. Using an original clustering method, the modulated genes were gathered into eight groups. A functional characterization of the clusters enabled us to get a dynamic and global view of the main molecular processes taking place during epidermal recovery.
Tregs expressing high Tl1a are proinflammatory and do not protect from T cell induced colitis. (CCR5P.204) (2015)

Abstract Patients with Crohn’s disease have increased mucosal expression of TL1A. TL1A co-stimulates T cells and can promote expansion of activated and regulatory T cells. Mice generated with sustained and elevated T cell expression of Tl1a (L-Tg) have increased Foxp3+ Treg cells yet develop worsened ileitis, proximal migration of colitis and intestinal fibrosis. The aim of this study was to investigate the role of Tl1a in the differentiation and function of Tregs.In the L-Tg mice, the CD4+ T cell population was comprised of GFPhigh and GFPlowcells that correlated with the level of Tl1a expression.Foxp3 expression and suppression function was significantly lower in the Tregs expressing high Tl1a. Indeed, addition of high levels of exogenous rTl1a under iTreg differentiation conditions advances the expansion of IL-13 producing effector T cells. The percentage of GFPhigh Foxp3+ Tregs co-expressing GATA3 were significantly higher explaining the possible Th2 polarization of Tregs expressing high Tl1a. Additionally, in the T cell transfer model of colitis, RAG mice cotransferred with GFPlowFoxp3+ Tregs were better protected from inflammation and weight loss compared to mice cotransferred with GFPhighFoxp3+ T cells.These data reveal a novel role for TL1A in regulating T cell mediated immune responses such that the level of Tl1a (high v. low) can differentially influence the expansion of effector and Treg cells leading to either a pro-inflammatory or protective mucosal environment.
Method of making a multitrack magnetic head employing double helix structure (1984)

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Monolithic CMUT-on-CMOS Integration for Intravascular Ultrasound Applications (2011)

One of the most important promises of capacitive micromachined ultrasonic transducer (CMUT) technology is integration with electronics. This approach is required to minimize the parasitic capacitances in the receive mode, especially in catheter-based volumetric imaging arrays, for which the elements must be small. Furthermore, optimization of the available silicon area and minimized number of connections occurs when the CMUTs are fabricated directly above the associated electronics. Here, we describe successful fabrication and performance evaluation of CMUT arrays for intravascular imaging on custom-designed CMOS receiver electronics from a commercial IC foundry. The CMUT-on-CMOS process starts with surface isolation and mechanical planarization of the CMOS electronics to reduce topography. The rest of the CMUT fabrication is achieved by modifying a low-temperature micromachining process through the addition of a single mask and developing a dry etching step to produce sloped sidewalls for simple and reliable CMUT-to-CMOS interconnection. This CMUT-to-CMOS interconnect method reduced the parasitic capacitance by a factor of 200 when compared with a standard wire-bonding method. Characterization experiments indicate that the CMUT-on-CMOS elements are uniform in frequency response and are similar to CMUTs simultaneously fabricated on standard silicon wafers without electronics integration. Ex- periments on a 1.6-mm-diameter dual-ring CMUT array with a center frequency of 15 MHz show that both the CMUTs and the integrated CMOS electronics are fully functional. The SNR measurements indicate that the performance is adequate for imaging chronic total occlusions located 1 cm from the CMUT array.
Development of quantum and interband cascade lasers on silicon (Conference Presentation) (2018)

We are developing midwave infrared (mid-IR) quantum cascade lasers (QCLs) and interband cascade lasers (ICLs) bonded to silicon. The heterogeneous integration of mid-IR photonic devices with silicon promises to enable low-cost, compact sensing and detection capabilities that are compatible with existing silicon photonic and electronic technologies. The first Fabry-Perot QCLs on silicon were bonded to pre-patterned silicon-on-nitride-on-insulator (SONOI) substrates. Lateral tapers in the III-V mesas transferred the optical mode from the hybrid III-V/Si active region into the passive silicon waveguides, with feedback provided by reflections from both the III-V tapers and the polished passive silicon facets. Lasing was observed at   4.8 m with threshold current densities as low as 1.6 kA/cm2 when operated in pulsed mode at T = 20 ºC. The first mid-IR DFB lasers integrated on silicon employed gratings patterned into the silicon waveguides before bonding. Over 200 mW of pulsed power was generated at room temperature, and operated to 100 °C with T0 = 199 K. Threshold current densities were measured below 1 kA/cm2.The grating imposed considerable wavelength selectivity and 22 nm of thermal tuning, even though the emission was not spectrally pure. Ongoing research focuses on flip-chip bonding to improve heat sinking for continuous-wave operation, and arrayed waveguide gratings for beam combining. ICLs have also been bonded to silicon and the GaSb substrate has been chemically removed with an InAsSb etch-stop layer. Tapered ICL ridges designed for lasing in a hybrid III-V/Si mode have been processed above passive silicon waveguides patterned on SOI. A goal is to combine the power generated by arrays of QCLs and ICLs residing on the same chip into a single, high-quality output beam.
Session Description Protocol (SDP) Simple Capability Declaration Status of this Memo This document specifies an Internet standards track protocol for the (2002)

This document defines a set of Session Description Protocol (SDP) attributes that enables SDP to provide a minimal and backwards compatible capability declaration mechanism. Such capability declarations can be used as input to a subsequent session negotiation, which is done by means outside the scope of this document. This provides a simple and limited solution to the general capability negotiation problem being addressed by the next generation of SDP, also known as SDPng. 1. Conventions Used in this Document
A magnetized torch module for plasma generation (2003)

Summary form only given. Plasma sources with open structures have many potential applications, such as, for microwave reflector/absorber, wave drag reduction of the supersonic and hypersonic flights, material processing, and sterilization and chemical neutralization, etc.. Most of the applications require plasmas to be dense and in large volumes. It has been shown that a plasma torch can produce plasma with a sizable volume through a high current discharge, which is maintained in a diffused form by introducing a gas flow in the discharge. Using an array arrangement the plasma volume can be enlarged to a desired value. The installation of an array of plasma torches is made easy by introducing a cylindrical-shape plasma torch module, which has been designed and constructed by remodeling components from two commercially available spark plugs and adding a tungsten wire as the central electrode. Thus, each torch has the size of a spark plug and is in the form of a module unit which screws easily into the base surface of an array. This plasma torch module is now modified by adding a dc magnetic field between the electrodes. The improved performance of the new torch module due to the added axial magnetic field is demonstrated in the present work. The electric properties of the module are studied. Microwave absorption and scattering by an array of plasma torches are measured.
Polyimides Containing Fluorine and Phosphorus for Potential Space Applications (2000)

As part of an effort to develop low color, ultraviolet (UV) radiation and atomic oxygen resistant polyimides for potential space applications, a novel diamine containing fluorine and phosphorus was synthesized and used to prepare polyimides. The approach was to combine attributes from colorless, UV resistant polyimides and atomic oxygen (AO) resistant polymers into a single material. Preparation of colorless polyimides has focused on minimization of charge transfer complex formation by incorporation of bulky substituents and disrupting conjugation by using meta-catenated monomers. AO resistant polymer technology development has focused on placing phenylphosphine oxide groups into the backbone of aromatic polymers. However, polyimides prepared utilizing this approach thus far have all exhibited significant color. Thus in an attempt to combine these features in a polyimide a new diamine, bis(3-aminophenyl)-3,5-di(trifluoromethyl)phenylphosphine oxide (TFMDA) was synthesized and used to prepare polyimides. The polyimides were cast into films and characterized for physical and mechanical properties, optical transmission and AO and UV resistance.
Development of APC Nb-Ti composite conductors at Supercon, Inc (1995)

Supercon has developed a unique method for the fabrication of artificial pinning center (APC) NbTi superconductors. In this process, pure niobium and titanium layers are partially diffused so as to produce a superconductor/normal structure that will provide flux pinning at final conductor size. No precipitation heat treatments are required. Process development has resulted in Conductors with filament diameters as small as 6 and as large as 90 microns. Excellent conductor ductility and J/sub c/ performance have been demonstrated. Supercon APC conductor has been utilized in solenoid, model dipole, and MRI magnets. An overview of the development program mill be presented along with a status report on conductor scale-up efforts.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Integrated Capture and Conversion of CO<sub>2</sub> to Methanol (ICCCM) Process Technology - CRADA 449 (Final Report) (2022)

The goal of this project is to develop a prototype system that integrates the capture and catalytic hydrogenation of CO2 into methanol in the same solvent. Ultimately, this integrated approach could provide a technology with projected reductions to capital and operating costs by at least 20% relative to a benchmark methanol synthesis via gas-phase CO2 hydrogenation. There were five primary objectives for the project: 1. Optimize the selections of both the catalysts and the CO¬¬2 capture solvents to achieve high conversion (>80%) and high selectivity (>90%) toward methanol in the targeted processing ranges (100-180°C, 1-60 bar). 2. Design a reactor system that provides a fixed catalyst surface area and high-efficiency heat exchange to assure compact modular processing. 3. Build and test a reactor system and demonstrate in a bench scale continuous flow system, and use the operating data to refine the comparison to existing conversion technologies. 4. Refine techno economic (TEA) and Tech-to-Market (TTM) analyses using the experimental data obtained from the bench-scale system. 5. Use the experimental data and TEA/TTM projections to develop a conceptual design for a pre-commercial system that targets a specific market opportunity.
Room Temperature and High Responsivity Short Wavelength II-VI Quantum Well Infrared Photodetector (2013)

We experimentally demonstrate a short wavelength ZnCdSe/ZnCdMgSe quantum well infrared photodetector (QWIP) with a room temperature responsivity of over 30 A/W. The dark-current limited detectivity at 80 K was measured to be 2x109 cm√Hz/W.
Abstract B078: Unbiased identification of CD4+ T-cell epitopes using novel MHC-based chimeric receptors (2019)

Abstract αβT-cell receptors (TCRs) bind peptide-major histocompatibility complexes (pMHC) with low affinity, posing a considerable challenge for direct identification of αβT-cell cognate peptides (epitopes). Here, we describe a platform for the discovery of MHC class-II presented epitopes, based on screening of engineered reporter cells expressing novel pMHC-TCR (MCR) hybrid molecules carrying cDNA-derived peptides. This technology identifies natural epitopes of CD4 T-cells in an unbiased and efficient manner and allows detailed analysis of TCR cross-reactivity providing recognition patterns on top of discrete epitopes. We identify cognate peptides of virus- and tumor-specific T-cells in mouse disease models and present a proof of concept for human T-cells. Furthermore, we show that vaccination with a peptide naturally recognized by TILs can efficiently protect from tumor challenge. Thus, the MCR technology holds promise for basic research and clinical applications allowing personalized identification of T-cell antigens in patients. Citation Format: Jan Kisielow, Franz-Josef Obermair, Manfred Kopf. Unbiased identification of CD4+ T-cell epitopes using novel MHC-based chimeric receptors [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the Fourth CRI-CIMT-EATI-AACR International Cancer Immunotherapy Conference: Translating Science into Survival; Sept 30-Oct 3, 2018; New York, NY. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Immunol Res 2019;7(2 Suppl):Abstract nr B078.
Cellular sensitivity to EGF receptor inhibitors (2008)

The EGFR pathway is a critical signaling pathway regulation cell proliferation and survival. As such, it is frequently deregulated in cancer through over expression of both EGF family ligands and receptors and by mutation of critical components within the pathway. These characteristics have made this signaling axis an attractive target for the development of molecularly targeted therapies in the treatment of cancer. To date there are numerous small molecule inhibitors and antibodies, either already in clinical use or in late stage clinical trials, that specifically target EGFR. These inhibitors have achieved great success in treating cancer patients and have generated a large amount of interest in identifying molecular markers that predict clinical benefit and mechanisms of resistance to such treatments. The first major breakthrough in this line of research was the identification of mutations in the EGFR kinase domain, which rendered the receptor hypersensitive to the actions of small molecule kinase inhibitors. However, the mutation rate was insufficient to explain the overall clinical benefit observed with these inhibitors, suggesting patients with wild-type EGFR also received some benefit. Subsequently, numerous efforts have been made to identify biomarkers of response and resistance other than EGFR mutational status. Here we will summarize the current literature describing attempts to identify such markers, with particular emphasis on markers of sensitivity and resistance to small molecule EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs). These approaches have encompassed the analysis of expression levels, both at the protein and genomic level, of EGFR and the closely related family members HER2 and HER3 and the analysis of the mutational status of downstream components of the EGFR pathway. In addition, we will highlight the role of the epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT) in sensitivity to small molecule EGFR TKIs and finally the potential role of alternative signaling cascades as a mode of cellular resistance to EGFR inhibition.
Biochemistry and cell biology of silica formation in sponges (2003)

The main inorganic material forming the skeletal elements in Demospongiae as well as in Hexactinellida, the spicules, is amorphous silica. The spicules occur in the cytoplasm and the extracellular space and also in the nucleus (as silicate crystals) of some sponge cells; the function in the latter compartment is unknown. Recent evidence shows that the formation of spicules is mediated by the enzyme silicatein. The cDNA as well as the gene encoding this enzyme was cloned from Suberites domuncula. The recombinant silicatein catalyzes the synthesis of amorphous silicate using tetraethoxysilane as substrate. The enzyme is dependent on ferric iron. Silicatein also has proteolytic (cathepsin-like) activity. Incubation of primmorphs, a special form of 3D-cell aggregates, with silicon resulted in a strong increase of their size from 1-7 mm to approximately 10 mm. The morphogenetic activity of silicate is underscored by the finding that this ion increases gene expression of silicatein and collagen. Based on these findings, it is concluded that both iron and silicate stimulate the activity of silicatein. Furthermore, it is proposed that the growing spicules are surrounded by the scavenger receptor which might be considered as a docking molecule for the collagen matrix into which the spicules are embedded.
Fault ride through capability for grid interfacing large scale PV power plants (2013)

Integration of dynamic grid support is required for distributed power systems that are interconnected with medium voltage grids. This study proposes a comprehensive control solution to enhance fault ride through (FRT) capability for utility‐scale photovoltaic (PV) power plants. Based on positive and negative sequence control schemes and PV characteristics, the approach alleviates dc‐bus double‐line‐frequency ripples, reduces voltage stress on inverter power switches and DC‐link capacitors, and minimises undesirable low‐order voltage and current harmonics that are presented on the ac side. The study proposes a new feature to achieve superior FRT performance by using the overload capability of grid‐tied inverters. A weak electric grid is used for the test case including a wind turbine induction generator, diesel engine driven synchronous generators and various loads. A comprehensive simulation verified the capability of the proposed control schemes for mitigating the voltage dip, enhancing the voltage response and further improving the stability of interconnected distributed generation in reaction to severe unbalanced voltage conditions because of asymmetrical grid faults.
SAG: a procedural tactical generator for dialog systems (2003)

Widely used declarative approaches to generation in which generation speed is a function of grammar size are not optimal for real-time dialog systems.We argue that a procedural system like the one we present is potentially more efficient for time-critical real-world generation applications as it provides fine-grained control of each processing step on the way from input to output representations.In this way the procedural behaviour of the generator can be tailored to the task at hand.During the generation process, the realizer generates flat deep structures from semantic-pragmatic expressions, then syntactic deep structures from the deep semantic-pragmatic structures and from these syntactic deep structures surface strings.Nine different generation levels can be distinguished and are described in the paper.