gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Mutant B2M‐HLA‐E and B2M‐HLA‐G fusion proteins protects universal chimeric antigen receptor‐modified T cells from allogeneic NK cell‐mediated lysis (2021)

Recent studies have indicated the antitumor activity and reduced allogeneic response of universal chimeric antigen receptor-modified T (UCAR T) cells lacking endogenous T cell receptors and beta-2 microglobulin (B2M) generated using gene-editing technologies. However, these cells are vulnerable to lysis by allogeneic natural killer (NK) cells due to their lack of human leukocyte antigen (HLA) class I molecule expression. Here, constitutive expression of mutant B2M-HLA-E (mBE) and B2M-HLA-G (mBG) fusion proteins in anti-CD19 UCAR T (UCAR T-19) cells was conducted to protect against allogeneic NK cell-mediated lysis. The ability of cells expressing mBE or mBG to resist NK cell-mediated lysis was observed in gene-edited Jurkat CAR19 cells. UCAR T-19 cells constitutively expressing the mBE and mBG fusion proteins were manufactured and showed effective and specific anti-tumor activity. Constitutive expression of the mBE and mBG fusion proteins in UCAR T-19 cells prevented allogeneic NK cell-mediated lysis. In addition, these cells were not recognizable by allogeneic T cells. Additional experiments, including those in animal models and clinical trials, are required to evaluate the safety and efficacy of UCAR T-19 cells that constitutively express mBE and mBG.
Laser-machined GaP monolithic displays (1974)

The feasibility of producing electrically and optically isolated monolithic devices from planar GaP p-n junction material by the use of laser-machining techniques has been demonstrated. By machining deep narrow grooves through the p-n junction and around the areas to be contacted, it is possible to produce monolithic displays without the use of photolithography or critical etching steps. The resultant mesa devices have excellent optical definition and electrical properties. As an illustration of the technique, small (2.5-mm-high) monolithic seven-bar numerics have been fabricated from green-emitting GaP. This laser-machining technique should be applicable to other semiconductor materials and devices such as GaAs lasers.
Reconstruction of a sparse spike train from a portion of its spectrum and application to high-resolution deconvolution (1981)

Abstract An algorithm is proposed for the reconstruction of a sparse spike train from an incomplete set of its Fourier components. It is shown that as little as 20-25 percent of the Fourier spectrum is sufficient in practice for a high-quality reconstruction. The method employs linear programming to minimize the L 1 -norm of the output, because minimization of this norm favors solutions with isolated spikes.Given a wavelet, this technique can be used to perform deconvolution of noisy seismograms when the desired output is a sparse spike series. Relative reliability of the data is assessed in the frequency domain, and only the reliable spectral data are included in the calculation of the spike series. Equations for the unknown spike amplitudes are solved to an accuracy compatible with the uncertainties in the reliable data. In examples with 10 percent random noise, the output is superior to that obtained using conventional least-squares techniques.
Cognitive principles in the design of computer tutors (1984)

A set of principles are derived from the ACT theory of cognition for designing intelligent tutors: identify the goal structure of the problem space, provide instruction on the problem-solving context, provide immediate feedback in errors, minimize working memory loads, use production system models of the student, adjust the grain size of instruction according to learning principles, enable the student to approach the target skills by successive approximation, and promote use of general problem-solving rules over analogy. These principles have successfully guided our design of tutors for college students learning to program LISP and for high school students learning geometry.
Tailoring of Textile Preforms for Fibre-reinforced Polymer Composites (2004)

The manufacturing of textile preforms is a well-established process for developing three-dimensional (3D) composite structures. The process of liquid composite molding (LCM) is an efficient method for the production of fibrereinforced polymer composite (FRPC) products. For the production of highperformance FRPCs, the sewn, the net shape, and ready-to-impregnate preforms are economically well suited in the LCM process [Mitschang, P., Ogale, A., Schlimbach, J., Weyrauch, F. and Weimer, C. (2003). Preform Technology: A Necessary Requirement for Quality Controlled LCM-processes, Polymers & Polymer Composites, 11(8): S. 605–622.]. Though the process of sewing has a long history, its usefulness in the area of composite manufacturing has not yet been fully exploited. The sewing technology, its associated parameters, required thread construction, and finally the stitch geometry are required to be considered thoroughly. Understanding the process of stitch formation and analysis of the available stitch geometries for preform stitching are the aims of this study. Various kinds of seams can be used in the preform development and structural assembling. The micrographic observations at the stitched zones help us to know the actual stitch geometry inside the FRPC structure, the amount of threads involved in each stitch type, the fibre displacement, and the structural properties. Furthermore, in order to widen the preform and the composite manufacturing practices, new technologies like single-sided-stitch, blind stitch, chain stitch, etc. are compared with the modified lock stitch. For structural reinforcements, the process-compatible carbon fibre thread, developed at the Institut fur Verbundwerkstoffe GmbH (IVW) has been explained in detail. In this paper, the usefulness of tailored preforming technology and process optimisation steps are described briefly.
A 10-Gb/s trans-impedance amplifier with LC-ladder input configuration (2010)

A 10-Gb/s trans-impedance amplifier (TIA) with insensitive characteristics to photodiode junction capacitance is demonstrated in 0.13-µm CMOS technology. The TIA has LC-ladder input configuration which allows large bandwidth even with large photodiode capacitance (CPD). In addition, the circuit bandwidth is enhanced with capacitive degeneration and shunt peaking techniques. With CPD of 1.5-pF, our TIA has about two times larger bandwidth compared with conventional TIAs.
Pseudo line‐image coding and drawing method based on fractal theory (1989)

Abstract The fractal theory proposed by Mandelbrot is applied primarily to computer graphics and related problems as a means to generate a pseudo‐natural image. In contrast to those problems dealing with natural images, it is possible to apply the fractal theory as a means to approximate actual natural images. This paper considers such natural line‐images as a coastline and the contour of a mountain, and presents a method to generate an image with apparently high resolution by applying the fractal theory based on a small amount of information. A feature of this method is the use of an algorithm called squig to generate the fractal curve, which is also proposed by Mandelbrot. The method recursively partitions the original image and generates the fractal curve by determining the internal path. It has several advantages such as the property that self‐intersection is not produced in principle. In this paper, the properties of the squig are described first. Then the proposed algorithm is applied to the line‐image composed of a coastline, and the result is presented. As a result of experiment, it is seen that the data for the chain code is compressed to some 1/10, resulting in a visually natural image.
Synthesis of Polymers in Aqueous Solutions: Synthesis of Polyethers by Reactions of Bisphenols with Bis(4-Chloro-3-Nitrophenyl) Sulfone using Various bases in Aqueous Solutions (1999)

Polycondensations of bisphenols such as bisphenol-A (BPA), bisphenol-AF (BPAF) and bisphenol-S (BPS) with bis(4-chloro-3-nitrophenyl) sulfone (BCNPS) were examined using various organic or inorganic bases in mixed solvents of DMAc with water or in plain water. The reactions of bisphenols (BPA, BPAF and BPS) with BCPNS proceeded smoothly to give the corresponding polyethers (P-1, P-2 and P-3) in mixed solvents of DMAc with water at 60 °C using 1, 8-diazabicyclo[5.4.0]undecene-7 (DBU) as a base, although the rate of the reaction decreased gradually as the water in the solvent increased. Polyethers P-1, P-2 and P-3 can also be obtained by the reaction in plain water using appropriate organic bases such as DBU, triethylamine, and 4-( N, N-dimethylamino)pyridine. It was also found that P-1 with relatively high molecular weight was synthesized in high yield when the reaction of BPA with twice the amount of BCNPS was performed using DBU at 60 °C for 48 h in plain water.
Modification of the blood-brain barrier: increased concentration and fate of enzymes entering the brain. (1979)

The blood-brain barrier of rats was opened reversibly by infusing a hyperosmotic solution of arabinose into the external carotid artery. Permeability was increased maximally in the first 15 min and remained slightly elevated at 1 hr. Osmotic barrier opening significantly increased brain uptake of intravenously injected alpha-mannosidase (alpha-D-mannoside mannohydrolase, EC 3.2.1.2.4) (derived from human placenta) and horseradish peroxidase (donor:hydrogen-peroxide oxidoreductase, EC 1.11.1.7). By injection of 4 X 10(5) units of alpha-mannosidase into an animal, brain activity rose to about twice the normal control activity of the enzyme. After 30 min, activity of administered enzyme in the extracellular space of the brain was calculated to be 30% of the serum concentration. Biochemical and histological studies with horseradish peroxidase showed that exogenously administered enzyme entered the brain extracellular space immediately after barrier opening and was incorporated within neuronal lysosomal packets during the next 24 hr. Measurable peroxidase activity was found in brain as much as 72 hr after osmotic treatment. The results demonstrate that the blood-brain barrier can be reversibly opened to enzymes, that a glycoprotein enzyme is incorporated into neuronal lysosomes, and that the brain may now be considered a potential target for enzyme replacement therapy in heritable metabolic disorders.
Bit-rate control using piecewise approximated rate-distortion characteristics (1998)

Digital video's increased popularity has been driven to a large extent by a flurry of international standards (MPEG-1, MPEG-2, H.263, etc). In most standards, the rate control scheme, which plays an important role in improving and stabilizing the decoding and playback quality, is not defined, and thus different strategies can be implemented in each encoder design. Several rate-distortion (R-D)-based techniques have been proposed aimed at the best possible quality for a given channel rate and buffer size. These approaches are complex because they require the R-D characteristics of the input data to be measured before making quantization assignment decisions. We show how the complexity of computing the R-D data can be reduced without significantly reducing the performance of the optimization procedure. We propose two methods which provide successive reductions in complexity by: (1) using models to interpolate the rate and distortion characteristics, and (2) using past frames instead of current ones to determine the models. Our first method is applicable to situations (e.g., broadcast video) where a long encoding delay is possible, while our second approach is more useful for computation-constrained interactive video applications. The first method can also be used to benchmark other approaches. Both methods can achieve over 1 dB peak signal-to-noise rate (PSNR) gain over simple methods like the MPEG Test Model 5 (TM5) rate control, with even greater gains during scene change transitions. In addition, both methods make few a priori assumptions and provide robustness in their performance over a range of video sources and encoding rates. In terms of complexity, our first algorithm roughly doubles the encoding time as compared to simpler techniques (such as TM5). However, the complexity is greatly reduced as compared to methods which exactly measure the R-D data. Our second algorithm has a complexity marginally higher than TM5 and a PSNR performance slightly lower than that of the first approach.
<title>86-mm magneto-optical disk drive</title> (1990)

We have developed a digital servo, which self-calibrates offset and gain, for use as a servo for magneto-optical disk drives. This self-calibration scheme was incorporated into the focusing servo and tracking servo. We used the discrete block format for media. Our test using the prototype drive revealed that the manufacturing dispersion of components could be absorbed and that servos showed a sufficiently high stability. Also, we confirmed that the developed digital servo system had comparable compatibility margin for recording and reading to the conventional continuous servo system.
Conveying Semantics through Visual Metaphor (2014)

In the field of visual art, metaphor is a way to communicate meaning to the viewer. We present a computational system for communicating visual metaphor that can identify adjectives for describing an image based on a low-level visual feature representation of the image. We show that the system can use this visual-linguistic association to render source images that convey the meaning of adjectives in a way consistent with human understanding. Our conclusions are based on a detailed analysis of how the system's artifacts cluster, how these clusters correspond to the semantic relationships of adjectives as documented in WordNet, and how these clusters correspond to human opinion.
Evaluating remanufacturing and demanufacturing for extended producer responsibility and sustainable product management. (2002)

Extended Producer Responsibility (EPR) was initiated as a policy principle in literature in the early 1990's in Europe and over the last decade, this concept has transformed into numerous legislative proposals and mandates in 16 countries across the globe. EPR requires the manufacturer or "producer" of the product to take financial responsibility for a product's post-consumer stage---after the product is no longer useful. EPR forces producers to manage the life-cycle sustainability of their manufactured products, with a particular emphasis on strategies of recovery and recycling as opposed to the disposal of products. This dissertation presents two novel techniques that have not been previously addressed in literature. Both techniques have been developed to aid manufacturers and policy makers with the evaluation and implementation of sustainable practices for EPR. The first area of research demonstrates a methodology for evaluating product remanufacturability. Product Remanufacturability is defined in this research as the degree to which a retired or worn product can be rebuilt economically as opposed to demanufacturing parts for retirement. The purpose of developing the methodology is twofold: (1) to explore the economic feasibility of remanufacturing versus demanufacturing the product at its end-of-life, and (2) to gauge possible environmental benefits that result from remanufacturing. This methodology also provides a technique to evaluate remanufacturing uncertainty and its impact on economical and environmental metrics of remanufacturing. The second area of research focuses on the recently ratified EPR policy called "The European Union's (EU) Directive on End-of-Life Vehicles (ELVs)". This section of research presents an innovative mathematical model that allows producers and policy makers the ability to evaluate the current legislative policy requirements of the EU Directive with respect to ELV management. This analysis tool allows a manufacturer to evaluate, test and optimize the economics of demanufacturing ELVs within the requirements of the newly mandated ELV Directive. The results of the study provide insight into the future problems and opportunities that will be brought forth by the new Directive. Both areas of research have been developed through collaborating with industry partners.Dept. of Industrial and Manufacturing Systems Engineering. Paper copy at Leddy Library: Theses & Major Papers - Basement, West Bldg. / Call Number: Thesis2002 .J64. Source: Dissertation Abstracts International, Volume: 63-04, Section: B, page: 2012. Adviser: Michael H. Wang. Thesis (Ph.D.)--University of Windsor (Canada), 2002.
The low-area of new arc-tangent look-up table and a low overhead for CATV modem systems (2003)

Makes possible a removal of the preamble for carrier recovery and symbol-timing recovery by storing a burst in memory with low overhead quaternary phase shift keying (QPSK) demodulation method which also effects frame efficiency improved by processed synchronization performance. In this paper, we propose the new algorithm for arc-tangent look-up table which transforms the input I, Q data by phase. This I, Q data plays an important role in demodulation and realises a demodulator with low-overhead by storing a burst in memory.
Schizophrenia: the diabetes link (2005)

Dr Richard Holt and Professor Robert Peveler describe the links between diabetes and schizophrenia and offer practical guidance for managing diabetes in this patient group
Effective strategy of dendritic cell-based immunotherapy for advanced tumor-bearing hosts: the critical role of Th1-dominant immunity. (2002)

Although dendritic cell (DC)-based cancer-specific immunotherapy is a potent strategy for various types of carcinomas, few clinical studies have yielded optimal antitumor effects. Systemic immunodeficiency is observed in patients with advanced malignant disease. In this study, we explored the ability to induce antitumor immunity of the cultured monocyte-derived DCs from hosts with advanced malignant disease, using a mouse model. We found remarkable dysfunction of DCs from mice with advanced cancer, which exhibited T helper (Th)2-dominant immunity, and subsequent reduced antitumor immune response. On the other hand, we found dramatic restoration of the ability of DCs to induce optimal antitumor immune responses after systemic administration of streptococcal preparation OK-432 to the tumor-bearing mice, which induced Th1-dominant immunity. In therapeutic experiments, intratumoral injections of immature DCs from the OK-432-treated mice, designated OK-DCs, enhanced inhibition of tumor growth compared with injections of immature DCs from mice with advanced malignancies, designated T-DCs (P < 0.05), leading to significant prolongation in overall survival (P < 0.05). In analysis of cell surface antigens, antigen-presenting capability and interleukin 12 production, we showed functional skewing in T-DCs and significant restorations in OK-DCs. More CD8+ tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes were detected in the mice treated with OK-DCs; furthermore, CTL assays showed that intratumoral injection of OK-DCs induced tumor-specific immune response to spleen as great as those of N-DCs. These results suggested that Th1-dominant immunity might play a crucial role in the differentiation of DCs, and OK-432 might be useful for inducing optimal antitumor effects in DC-based immunotherapy in tumor-bearing hosts.
Aggregation Properties and Mixing Behavior of Hydrocarbon, Fluorocarbon, and Hybrid Hydrocarbon−Fluorocarbon Cationic Dimeric Surfactants (2000)

The synthesis, phase behavior, and mixing properties of cationic dimeric (gemini) surfactants having one or two perfluoroalkyl chains is described and compared to that of analogue hydrocarbon surfactants. The combination of the dimeric character of the amphiphiles with the high hydrophobicity of the fluorocarbon chains leads to very low critical micelle concentration values and unusually low characteristic times of exchange between surfactants in the bulk solution and surfactants in the aggregate. This results in slow exchange on the NMR time scale, which allows a practical study of micellization and comicellization by NMR. With respect to the morphology of the aggregates, the fluorocarbon amphiphiles do not simply behave as more hydrophobic amphiphiles. Instead, they assemble into various structures including very stable unilamellar and multilamellar vesicles not seen in their hydrocarbon analogues. The hybrid hydrocarbon−fluorocarbon dimeric surfactant exhibits features of both families. In particular it mixes with either hydrocarbon or fluorocarbon surfactants, whereas the latter two undergo a macroscopic phase separation.
Sleep Disorders: A Risk Factor for Normal-Tension Glaucoma? (2001)

Sleep-disturbed breathing may be a risk factor for NTG. Although we do not provide evidence for a cause-and-effect relationship, various physiologic factors produced by sleep-disturbed breathing may play a significant role in the pathogenesis of this optic neuropathy. We recommend obtaining a sleep history from patients with NTG and performing polysomnography in those patients with sleep disturbance symptoms.
Simultaneous estimation of covariance inflation and observation errors within an ensemble Kalman filter (2009)

Abstract Covariance inflation plays an important role within the ensemble Kalman filter (EnKF) in preventing filter divergence and handling model errors. However the inflation factor needs to be tuned and tuning a parameter in the EnKF is expensive. Previous studies have adaptively estimated the inflation factor from the innovation statistics. Although the results were satisfactory, this inflation factor estimation method relies on the accuracy of the specification of observation error statistics, which in practice is not perfectly known. In this study we propose to estimate the inflation factor and observational errors simultaneously within the EnKF. Our method is first investigated with a low‐order model, the Lorenz‐96 model. The results show that the simultaneous approach works very well in the perfect model scenario and in the presence of random model errors or a small systematic model bias. For an imperfect model with large model bias, our algorithm may require the application of an additional method to remove the bias. We then apply our approach to a more realistic high‐dimension model, assimilating observations that have errors of different size and units. The SPEEDY model experiments show that the estimation of multiple observation error parameters is successful in retrieving the true error variance for different types of instruments separately. Copyright © 2009 Royal Meteorological Society
Properties of poly(dimethylsiloxane)/hydrogel multicomponent systems (2003)

Abstract The properties of surface‐ and bulk‐modified poly(dimethylsiloxane) (PDMS) were examined. Laser‐induced surface grafting of poly(2‐hydroxyethyl methacrylate) (PHEMA) on PDMS and a sequential method for preparation of interpenetrating polymer networks of PDMS/PHEMA were, respectively, used for surface and bulk modifications. The hydrogel content and water‐uptake capability of the modified samples were also investigated. The modified PDMS samples were examined by performing attenuated total reflection/Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, dynamic mechanical thermal analysis, scanning electron microscopy, and water contact‐angle measurements. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part B: Polym Phys 41: 2145–2156, 2003
16 Gbit/s all-optical demultiplexing using four-wave mixing (1991)

A novel, purely optical technique for demultiplexing highspeed time-division multiplexed data is proposed and demonstrated. The technique uses optical fibre nonlinearity induced four-wave mixing with a data signal and a probe signal located at different wavelengths. Using only semiconductor laser light sources, 1:4 demultiplexing of 20 ps long, subpicojoule, 215 – 1 RZ pulses at a data rate of 16 Gbit/s with less than 1 dB penalty is demonstrated.