gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Downlink multi-user interference alignment in two-cell scenario (2011)

In this paper, the problem of Downlink Multi-User MIMO (DL MU-MIMO) transmission from two interfering transmitters, each equipped with M antennas to multiple users each equipped with K antennas is considered. It is assumed that all users receive a single data stream of rank one from only one of the transmitters. A novel transmission/reception scheme is proposed based on the idea of Interference Alignment (IA), which aligns the interference coming from each transmitter to the users in the other cell along a single predetermined vector v <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">ref</sub> , and hence, leaves more degrees of freedom for signal transmission from each transmitter. Furthermore, unlike other IA-based schemes in the literature, only local Channel State Information (CSI) is required at nodes. It is shown that for the case of K ≥ M, the total degrees of freedom of 2M - 2 is achievable. The proposed scheme is also extended to the case of K <; M based on the ideas of Euclidean distance minimization and time/frequency extension. Finally, simulation results are provided to compare the performance of the proposed scheme with that of the existing results in the literature.
TH‐C‐220‐04: Development and Characterization of a Prototype Compact Microbeam Radiation Therapy Device Based on Carbon Nanotube Field Emission X‐Ray Source Technology (2011)

Purpose: The use of spatially fractionated, ultra high flux arrays of microplanar X‐ray beams (MRT) has been shown by research groups at various synchrotron facilities to cause significant damage to radioresistant brain tumors while leaving normal tissue relatively unscathed. We wish to show that our development of a compact MRT device using carbon nanotube (CNT) field emission X‐ray technology has the capability to produce dose distributions in phantoms similar to that of synchrotron‐ generated microbeams while maintaining a reasonably high dose rate. Methods: CNT Cathodes were arranged in a linear array and electrostatically focused onto a reflection type tungsten target held at 160kV. A microbeam collimator assembly perpendicular to the anode plane was used to select a slice of the resulting wedge shaped radiation pattern. The collimated microplanar beam was projected onto a cylindrical phantom, slicing through it at 10 degrees. Two orthogonal dosimetric films were placed in the phantom to measure percentage depth dose and microbeam profile. Results: With initial limitations caused by an inadequate power supply, an instantaneous microbeam dose rate of 12Gy/min was achieved . This translates to continuous dose rate of 21 Gy/min at full power and maximum duty cycle. The microbeam profile showed a 350um FWHM with initial calibration and sub‐optimal system configuration. With further optimization, we expect to be able to achieve a smaller beam profile and double the dose rate. Conclusions: Based on the initial data, we strongly believe that we will be able to deliver high enough doses in microbeam distributions for preliminary biological studies with this first generation device. Finally, based on lessons learned during the construction of this first small‐scale MRT irradiator, we have already started designs of a first revision with which we hope to produce multiple thinner lines of radiation while maintaining a high enough dose rate for comparison studies.
Dendrimer-based Macromolecular MRI Contrast Agents: Characteristics and Application (2003)

Numerous macromolecular MRI contrast agents prepared employing relatively simple chemistry may be readily available that can provide sufficient enhancement for multiple applications. These agents operate using a approximately 100-fold lower concentration of gadolinium ions in comparison to the necessary concentration of iodine employed in CT imaging. Herein, we describe some of the general potential directions of macromolecular MRI contrast agents using our recently reported families of dendrimer-based agents as examples. Changes in molecular size altered the route of excretion. Smaller-sized contrast agents less than 60 kDa molecular weight were excreted through the kidney resulting in these agents being potentially suitable as functional renal contrast agents. Hydrophilic and larger-sized contrast agents were found better suited for use as blood pool contrast agents. Hydrophobic variants formed with polypropylenimine diaminobutane dendrimer cores created liver contrast agents. Larger hydrophilic agents are useful for lymphatic imaging. Finally, contrast agents conjugated with either monoclonal antibodies or with avidin are able to function as tumor-specific contrast agents, which also might be employed as therapeutic drugs for either gadolinium neutron capture therapy or in conjunction with radioimmunotherapy.
Genetic recombination of poliovirus in a cell-free system (1997)

Genetic recombination of plus-strand RNA viruses is an important process for promoting genetic variation. By using genetically marked poliovirus RNAs, we have demonstrated that genetic recombination can occur in a cell-free system that generates infective virus from added poliovirus RNA. Recombinant polioviruses were isolated, and the region of crossing over was roughly mapped. Recombinants could be isolated even under conditions where the yield of viruses from one of the parental RNAs was depressed to levels comparable to or less than the yield of recombinant viruses, an observation suggesting that only one of the recombining RNAs needs to be replication-competent. The generation of poliovirus recombinants in a cell-free system offers new possibilities for studying recombination and evolution of RNA viruses.
Flux-focusing eddy current probe and method for flaw detection (1993)

A flux-focusing electromagnetic sensor which uses a ferromagnetic flux-focusing lens simplifies inspections and increases detectability of fatigue cracks and material loss in high conductivity material is presented. The unique feature of the device is the ferrous shield isolating a high-turn pick-up coil from an excitation coil. The use of the magnetic shield is shown to produce a null voltage output across the receiving coil in the presence of an unflawed sample. A redistribution of the current flow in the sample caused by the presence of flaws, however, eliminates the shielding condition and a large output voltage is produced, yielding a clear unambiguous flaw signal. The maximum sensor output is obtained when positioned symmetrically above the crack. Hence, by obtaining the position of the maximum sensor output, it is possible to track the fault and locate the area surrounding its tip. The accuracy of tip location is enhanced by two unique features of the sensor; a very high signal-to-noise ratio of the probe's output which results in an extremely smooth signal peak across the fault, and a rapidly decaying sensor output outside a small area surrounding the crack tip which enables the region for searching to be clearly defined. Under low frequency operation, material thinning due to corrosion damage causes an incomplete shielding of the pick-up coil. The low frequency output voltage of the probe is therefore a direct indicator of the thickness of the test sample.
Differentiation of Mycobacterial Species by <i>hsp65</i> Duplex PCR Followed by Duplex-PCR-Based Restriction Analysis and Direct Sequencing (2006)

Here we describe a novel duplex PCR method which can differentiate Mycobacterium tuberculosis and nontuberculosis mycobacteria (NTM) strains by amplifying hsp65 DNAs of different sizes (195 and 515 bp, respectively). The devised technique was applied to 54 reference and 170 clinical isolates and differentiated all strains into their respective groups with 100% sensitivity and specificity. Furthermore, a duplex PCR-restriction analysis (duplex PRA) and a direct sequencing protocol were developed to differentiate NTM strains at the species and subspecies levels based on previously reported hsp65 DNA sequences (H. Kim et al., Int. J. Syst. Evol. Microbiol. 55:1649-1656, 2005) and then applied to 105 NTM clinical isolates. All NTM isolates were clearly differentiated at the species and subspecies levels by subsequent procedures (PRA or direct sequencing) targeting 515-bp NTM duplex PCR amplicons. Our results suggest that novel duplex PCR-based methods are sensitive and specific for identifying mycobacterial culture isolates at the species level.
Development of Chemical Probes for Investigation of Salt-Inducible Kinase Function <i>in Vivo</i> (2016)

Salt-inducible kinases (SIKs) are promising therapeutic targets for modulating cytokine responses during innate immune activation. The study of SIK inhibition in animal models of disease has been limited by the lack of selective small-molecule probes suitable for modulating SIK function in vivo. We used the pan-SIK inhibitor HG-9-91-01 as a starting point to develop improved analogs, yielding a novel probe 5 (YKL-05-099) that displays increased selectivity for SIKs versus other kinases and enhanced pharmacokinetic properties. Well-tolerated doses of YKL-05-099 achieve free serum concentrations above its IC50 for SIK2 inhibition for >16 h and reduce phosphorylation of a known SIK substrate in vivo. While in vivo active doses of YKL-05-099 recapitulate the effects of SIK inhibition on inflammatory cytokine responses, they did not induce metabolic abnormalities observed in Sik2 knockout mice. These results identify YKL-05-099 as a useful probe to investigate SIK function in vivo and further support the development of SIK inhibitors for treatment of inflammatory disorders.
A Rapid Immunization Strategy with a Live-Attenuated Tetravalent Dengue Vaccine Elicits Protective Neutralizing Antibody Responses in Non-Human Primates (2014)

Dengue viruses (DENVs) cause approximately 390 million cases of DENV infections annually and over 3 billion people worldwide are at risk of infection. No dengue vaccine is currently available nor is there an antiviral therapy for DENV infections. We have developed a tetravalent live-attenuated DENV vaccine tetravalent dengue vaccine (TDV) that consists of a molecularly characterized attenuated DENV-2 strain (TDV-2) and three chimeric viruses containing the pre-membrane and envelope genes of DENV-1, -3, and -4 expressed in the context of the TDV-2 genome. To impact dengue vaccine delivery in endemic areas and immunize travelers, a simple and rapid immunization strategy (RIS) is preferred. We investigated RIS consisting of two full vaccine doses being administered subcutaneously or intradermally on the initial vaccination visit (day 0) at two different anatomical locations with a needle-free disposable syringe jet injection delivery devices (PharmaJet) in non-human primates. This vaccination strategy resulted in efficient priming and induction of neutralizing antibody responses to all four DENV serotypes comparable to those elicited by the traditional prime and boost (2 months later) vaccination schedule. In addition, the vaccine induced CD4(+) and CD8(+) T cells producing IFN-γ, IL-2, and TNF-α, and targeting the DENV-2 NS1, NS3, and NS5 proteins. Moreover, vaccine-specific T cells were cross-reactive with the non-structural NS3 and NS5 proteins of DENV-4. When animals were challenged with DENV-2 they were protected with no detectable viremia, and exhibited sterilizing immunity (no increase of neutralizing titers post-challenge). RIS could decrease vaccination visits and provide quick immune response to all four DENV serotypes. This strategy could increase vaccination compliance and would be especially advantageous for travelers into endemic areas.
Peer-to-peer determination of proximity using wireless network data (2004)

Observing that some applications require device location information only for calculating relative distances to each other, we propose a proximity measurement algorithm based on wireless network signal strength that requires no calibration and operates in a peer-to-peer way with low overhead. We describe this method and report its precision and recall.
Low-latency Speaker-independent Continuous Speech Separation (2019)

Speaker independent continuous speech separation (SI-CSS) is a task of converting a continuous audio stream, which may contain overlapping voices of unknown speakers, into a fixed number of continuous signals each of which contains no overlapping speech segment. A separated, or cleaned, version of each utterance is generated from one of SI-CSS's output channels nondeterministically without being split up and distributed to multiple channels. A typical application scenario is transcribing multi-party conversations, such as meetings, recorded with microphone arrays. The output signals can be simply sent to a speech recognition engine because they do not include speech overlaps. The previous SI-CSS method uses a neural network trained with permutation invariant training and a data-driven beamformer and thus requires much processing latency. This paper proposes a low-latency SI-CSS method whose performance is comparable to that of the previous method in a microphone array-based meeting transcription task. This is achieved (1) by using a new speech separation network architecture combined with a double buffering scheme and (2) by performing enhancement with a set of fixed beamformers followed by a neural post-filter.
High efficiency, hybrid Selective Harmonic Elimination phase-shift PWM technique for Cascaded H-Bridge inverters to improve dynamic response and operate in complete normal modulation indices (2016)

Selective Harmonic Elimination PWM (SHE-PWM) method has slow dynamic response, due to using the Fourier transform before the Look-Up Tables (LUTs) in practices. Also, in some cases, the SHE-PWM cannot find any solutions in normal modulation ranges. On the other hand, Phase-Shift PWM (PSPWM) does not need Fourier transform in practice to operate, but it has lower efficiency than SHE-PWM. Furthermore, the PSPWM can work properly in all of the normal modulation indices. Using the combination of these two methods can achieve high efficiency and fast dynamic response at the same time. Moreover, the inverter can work in all of the normal modulation indices. To reach these goals, a hybrid Selective Harmonic Elimination PWM with Phase-Shift Pulse Width Modulation (HSHE-PSPWM) is introduced by applying SHE-PWM in steady state condition and applying PSPWM in dynamic conditions. Also, for some modulation indices that the SHE-PWM does not have any solutions, the PSPWM has been applied to the Cascaded H-Bridge (CHB) inverter. A controller is also proposed to switch between the SHE-PWM and PSPWM. Also, a RLC low pass filter is designed to attenuate high order harmonics of the proposed HSHE-PSPWM and it will be shown that the proposed technique can fully meet the IEEE-519 2014 in steady state and transient conditions. Finally, to verify the effectiveness and applicability of the proposed method, simulation and experimental results are obtained from a 7-level Cascaded H-Bridge inverter.
Ergonomic Laparoscopic Tool Handle Design (2004)

Twenty-two subjects were tested and categorized according to hand size (small, medium, or large). Each subject selected the best location for a trackball and a trigger on a handle. Each subject specified the optimum diameter/size of the handle that he or she preferred. Additionally, subjects selected their preferred pivot range for opening and closing the handle. Finally, each subject exerted his or her preferred force for the trackball and trigger controls in the selected positions. Based on the data collected in this experiment, the recommended handle diameter is in the range of 4.3 to 5.7 cm. The recommended handle pivot is the range of 8.1 to 17.3 degrees for the open and closed positions. The recommended trackball actuation force is 3.0 lbs and the recommended ratchet actuation force is 0.6 lbs, on average.
Dynamic cardiomyoplasty in patients. (1990)

Dynamic cardiomyoplasty has been used to correct cardiac defects, augment contraction of weakened myocardium, and support circulation of end-stage heart disease patients by using their own skeletal muscle after electric conditioning. Five patients, each with a history of myocardial infarction and diffused coronary artery disease, underwent the application of the left latissimus dorsi muscle over the anterolateral wall or around the ventricles. In all patients the left latissimus dorsi muscle was dissected free from all insertions with careful preservation of the thoracodorsal nerve and vessels. The freed muscle flap was internalized into the thoracic cavity with the humeral tendinous end of the muscle sutured to the periosteum of the second or third rib after subperiosteum resection of a portion of the rib. The muscle flap was used in three of the five patients for ventricular wall repair after aneurysmectomy. In the other two patients the muscle was applied over the ventricles for functional augmentation. The skeletal muscle was electrically conditioned to contain mainly fatigue-resistant muscle fibers and was stimulated to contract synchronously with the heart. All patients survived the operation, with immediate improvement of ventricular function for those who had had aneurysmectomy. A significant increase in ejection fraction was observed in three of the five patients when the pacemaker was turned on. One patient died of sudden ventricular arrhythmia 2 months after the operation. The last patient is doing well at 6 weeks after operation. The first patient has been followed up for more than 3 years and continues to do well.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Metal‐Free Efficient, General and Facile Iododecarboxylation Method with Biodegradable Co‐Products (2011)

Abstract The development of a novel, efficient and robust method for the general conversion of aliphatic and aromatic carboxylic acids to organic iodides without the use of heavy metals or strong oxidizing agents is reported. Commercially available N ‐iodoamides were used for both initiation and halogen donation under irradiative conditions. Isolation of the product is extremely simple and the major co‐product is removed as a water‐soluble biodegradable material.
SONAR-BASED, CLAMP-ON FLOW METER FOR GAS AND LIQUID APPLICATIONS (2003)

A sonar-based flow measurement technology, capable of clamp-on flow measurement of single and multiphase flow applications within the chemical and petrochemical industries, is described. Developed and field proven in oil and gas production industry over the last five years, sonarbased flow measurement technology provides robust accurate volumetric flow rate measurement for a broad range of process fluids, slurries, pipes sizes and flow conditions. The sonar-based flow metering technology utilizes an array of sensors to listen to, and interpret, unsteady pressure fields within standard process flow lines. The methodology is implemented using strain-based sensors which clamp-on to existing process piping. This paper presents data for sonar-based flow meters utilizing two independent, yet complimentary, techniques to determine volumetric flow rate. The first technique measures the speed at which turbulent eddies, inherent to turbulent pipe flow, convect past the sensor array and is well-suited for liquidcontinuous single and multiphase flows. The second technique, well-suited for gas-continuous single and multiphase applications, measures the flow rate by comparing the speed at which ambient acoustic waves propagate with the flow to that speed which acoustic waves propagate against the flow. Both the convective and acoustic techniques are based on listening to, and interpreting, naturally occurring pressure fields within process flows lines using sonar-based algorithms and each can be implemented with common sensor arrays.
Light‐Absorption Phenomena in Novel Low‐Reflectance Cathodes for Organic Light‐Emitting Devices Utilizing Metal–Organic Mixtures (2003)

Low‐optical‐reflectance cathodes (< 2 %, ∼ 45× lower than standard metal cathodes) utilizing a metal–organic mixed layer (MOML) have recently been developed and shown to dramatically enhance display contrast for organic light‐emitting devices. MOML characterization reveals an organic matrix with embedded metal nanoparticles (see Figure), whose surface plasmon resonance is responsible for the layer's light‐absorption properties.
RF Magnetic Field Profiling with a Dielectric Bore Lining for Traveling Waves in a 3-T MRI Scanner: A Computational Study (2020)

Traveling-wave magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) can be advantageous over the classical, quasistatic or near-field MRI. However, it is restricted to ultra-high static magnetic fields in the scanner and the correspondingly high RF excitation magnetic field frequencies due to fundamental constraints in cutoff frequencies of the MRI bore, considered as a waveguide. Through a computational study, we propose translating traveling-wave ideas to a 3-tesla scanner, where the RF magnetic field frequency is 127.8 MHz, using a highpermittivity dielectric layer (lining) that is built into the bore. With the lining, we can achieve traveling-wave modes inside the imaging phantoms even at 3 T, where this is generally not possible. We present results obtained using the higher order method of moments in the surface integral equation formulation, previously established as an efficient, accurate, and reliable technique for modeling of RF fields in MRI applications. Our simulations of a simple circularly polarized RF probe and dielectric lining give rise to a considerably uniform circularly polarized RF magnetic field inside phantoms in the clinical scanner.
Nanoparticle Induced Cell Magneto-Rotation: Monitoring Morphology, Stress and Drug Sensitivity of a Suspended Single Cancer Cell (2011)

Single cell analysis has allowed critical discoveries in drug testing, immunobiology and stem cell research. In addition, a change from two to three dimensional growth conditions radically affects cell behavior. This already resulted in new observations on gene expression and communication networks and in better predictions of cell responses to their environment. However, it is still difficult to study the size and shape of single cells that are freely suspended, where morphological changes are highly significant. Described here is a new method for quantitative real time monitoring of cell size and morphology, on single live suspended cancer cells, unconfined in three dimensions. The precision is comparable to that of the best optical microscopes, but, in contrast, there is no need for confining the cell to the imaging plane. The here first introduced cell magnetorotation (CM) method is made possible by nanoparticle induced cell magnetization. By using a rotating magnetic field, the magnetically labeled cell is actively rotated, and the rotational period is measured in real-time. A change in morphology induces a change in the rotational period of the suspended cell (e.g. when the cell gets bigger it rotates slower). The ability to monitor, in real time, cell swelling or death, at the single cell level, is demonstrated. This method could thus be used for multiplexed real time single cell morphology analysis, with implications for drug testing, drug discovery, genomics and three-dimensional culturing.
Curdlan: Properties and Application to Foods (1991)

ABSTRACT Gel formation of curdlan at 100–130°C and behaviors of curdlan gels under frozen state were investigated by measuring gel strength and syneresis. Even when aqueous suspensions of curdlan were heated to 100°C or higher, they formed a gel, and gel strength increased with temperature. Curdlan gel was also stable against freezing and thawing. The syneresis of a 4% curdlan gel after freezing and thawing was reduced from 20.6% to about 2.1% by addition of 5% waxy corn starch and to 8.9% by addition of 20% sucrose. Suggested by these findings, new applications to foods have been developed, especially those subject to retorting and/or freezing.