gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Experimental and Numerical Investigation of Heated Band Width for Local Post Weld Heat Treatment of ASME P92 Steel Pipe (2013)

Local post weld heat treatment (local PWHT) is usually carried out when it is impractical to place the entire component in a furnace or oven, which is an effective way to relax residual stress due to welding. However, there are various international codes or standards that define different criteria for local PWHT and it may bring confusion in engineering applications. In the present study, welding and local PWHT experiments on ASME SA-335 Grade P92 large-diameter pipes were conducted under field conditions. In order to simulate the temperature field distribution of welded joints during the process of local PWHT, a thermal tracking program has been successfully developed using the ansys parametric design language (APDL) and the numerical results agree well with experimental data. Furthermore, a series of pipe models were developed using the finite element method (FEM) and through repeated calculations, optimized numerical values for each pipe's heated band (HB) width and gradient control band (GCB) width were calculated. Through numerical analysis, recommended estimation of heated band width for local PWHT of P92 large-diameter pipes is obtained, which ensures the minimum temperature throughout the soak band.
Silicon carbide UV photodiodes (1993)

SiC photodiodes were fabricated using 6 H single-crystal wafers. These devices have excellent UV responsivity characteristics and very low dark current even at elevated temperatures. The reproducibility is excellent and the characteristics agree with theoretical calculations for different device designs. The advantages of these diodes are that they will operate at high temperatures and are responsive between 200 and 400 nm and not responsive to longer wavelengths because of the wide 3-eV bandgap. The responsivity at 270 nm is between 70% and 85%. Dark-current levels have been measured as a function of temperature that are orders of magnitude below those previously reported. Thus, these diodes can be expected to have excellent performance characteristics for detection of low light level UV even at elevated temperatures.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Advanced diffusion imaging to track progression in Parkinson’s disease, multiple system atrophy, and progressive supranuclear palsy (2022)

Advanced diffusion imaging which accounts for complex tissue properties, such as crossing fibers and extracellular fluid, may detect longitudinal changes in widespread pathology in atypical Parkinsonian syndromes. We implemented fixel-based analysis, Neurite Orientation and Density Imaging (NODDI), and free-water imaging in Parkinson's disease (PD), multiple system atrophy (MSAp), progressive supranuclear palsy (PSP), and controls longitudinally over one year. Further, we used these three advanced diffusion imaging techniques to investigate longitudinal progression-related effects in key white matter tracts and gray matter regions in PD and two common atypical Parkinsonian disorders. Fixel-based analysis and free-water imaging revealed longitudinal declines in a greater number of descending sensorimotor tracts in MSAp and PSP compared to PD. In contrast, only the primary motor descending sensorimotor tract had progressive decline over one year, measured by fiber density (FD), in PD compared to that in controls. PSP was characterized by longitudinal impairment in multiple transcallosal tracts (primary motor, dorsal and ventral premotor, pre-supplementary motor, and supplementary motor area) as measured by FD, whereas there were no transcallosal tracts with longitudinal FD impairment in MSAp and PD. In addition, free-water (FW) and FW-corrected fractional anisotropy (FAt) in gray matter regions showed longitudinal changes over one year in regions that have previously shown cross-sectional impairment in MSAp (putamen) and PSP (substantia nigra, putamen, subthalamic nucleus, red nucleus, and pedunculopontine nucleus). NODDI did not detect any longitudinal white matter tract progression effects and there were few effects in gray matter regions across Parkinsonian disorders. All three imaging methods were associated with change in clinical disease severity across all three Parkinsonian syndromes. These results identify novel extra-nigral and extra-striatal longitudinal progression effects in atypical Parkinsonian disorders through the application of multiple diffusion methods that are related to clinical disease progression. Moreover, the findings suggest that fixel-based analysis and free-water imaging are both particularly sensitive to these longitudinal changes in atypical Parkinsonian disorders.
Genetic heterogeneity of the hepatitis C virus. (1995)

Hepatitis C virus (HCV) is an important etiological agent in the development of chronic liver diseases such as chronic hepatitis, cirrhosis, and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). The virus, identified only recently, contains a single-stranded RNA genome of positive polarity, is distantly related to pestiviruses and flaviviruses, and has been classified as the first member of a third genus within the family Flaviviridae. Extensive analysis of HCV genomic sequences demonstrated that this virus possesses significant genetic heterogeneity. Different regions of the viral genome demonstrate a varying degree of heterogeneity; the regions coding for the putative envelope proteins are the most variable sites between different isolates. Furthermore, HCV circulates as a quasispecies in the host. During the course of acute and chronic infection, the sequence composition of the HCV population in one patient has been found to change sequentially with an extremely high rate of nonconserved nucleotide changes in the hypervariable region I (HVR1) of HCV. Such sequence changes alter the antigenicity of the epitopes coded within HVR1 so that these are not always recognized by preexisting antibodies. It has been suggested that this could represent one mechanism by which HCV evades host immune surveillance and may account for the high rate of chronicity observed in such infections. Continuous viral replication may, in turn, lead to the development of chronic liver disease, including HCC, in infected individuals. To date, at least nine major genetic groups (genotypes 1-9) and more than 30 subgroups of HCV have been recognized based on genetic differences. A distinct difference has been observed in the genotype distribution in Africa compared with other continents. Recent data have suggested a difference in pathogenesis and in the outcome of interferon therapy in individuals infected with HCV of certain genotypes. For example, genotype 1b (II) seems to be associated with more severe liver disease, including HCC, and with a poorer response to interferon therapy. The extensive genetic heterogeneity of HCV may have serious implications for the diagnosis, treatment and prevention of hepatitis C as well as in understanding the biology of infection by this important human pathogen.
Fast Proxy Re-Encryption for Publish/Subscribe Systems (2017)

We develop two IND-CPA-secure multihop unidirectional Proxy Re-Encryption (PRE) schemes by applying the Ring-LWE (RLWE) key switching approach from the homomorphic encryption literature. Unidirectional PRE is ideal for secure publish-subscribe operations where a publisher encrypts information using a public key without knowing upfront who the subscriber will be and what private key will be used for decryption. The proposed PRE schemes provide a multihop capability, meaning that when PRE-encrypted information is published onto a PRE-enabled server, the server can either delegate access to specific clients or enable other servers the right to delegate access. Our first scheme (which we call NTRU-ABD-PRE) is based on a variant of the NTRU-RLWE homomorphic encryption scheme. Our second and main PRE scheme (which we call BV-PRE) is built on top of the Brakerski-Vaikuntanathan (BV) homomorphic encryption scheme and relies solely on the RLWE assumption. We present an open-source C++ implementation of both schemes and discuss several algorithmic and software optimizations. We examine parameter selection tradeoffs in the context of security, runtime/latency, throughput, ciphertext expansion, memory usage, and multihop capabilities. Our experimental analysis demonstrates that BV-PRE outperforms NTRU-ABD-PRE in both single-hop and multihop settings. The BV-PRE scheme has a lower time and space complexity than existing IND-CPA-secure lattice-based PRE schemes and requires small concrete parameters, making the scheme computationally efficient for use on low-resource embedded systems while still providing 100 bits of security. We present practical recommendations for applying the PRE schemes to several use cases of ad hoc information sharing for publish-subscribe operations.
From Drug-Eluting Stents to Biopharmaceuticals: Poly(ester amide) a Versatile New Bioabsorbable Biopolymer (2008)

New biodegradable and tissue-resorbable co-poly(ester amides) (PEAs) useful for biomedical applications were prepared using a versatile Active PolyCondensation (APC) method, which involves di-p-toluenesulfonic acid salts of bis-(L-α-amino acid)-α,ω-alkylene diesters and active diesters of dicarboxylic acids as monomers. APC reactions were carried out at mild temperatures (40-60°C) and allowed the synthesis of regular, linear, polyfunctional PEAs with high molecular weights. The physical properties of PEAs are critically dependent upon the structure of the polymer backbone. A wide range of mechanical properties and biodegradation rates can be achieved by varying the three components in the backbone: α-amino acids, diols and dicarboxylic acids. Indeed, there is a growing need for wider variations of biocompatible PEA compositions and methods for the delivery of different therapeutic molecules at controlled rates, while affording enhanced mechanical and physical properties. Therefore, various types of new non-toxic building blocks based upon bulky diols (isosorbide, 17β-estradiol), unsaturated (fumaric) and aromatic diacids (hydroxycinnamic acid, l,3-bis(4-carboxyphenoxy)-propane) were developed and successfully incorporated into the main backbone of PEA. In vitro biodegradation tests with enzymes have shown that changes in the polymer backbone and functional groups resulted in a wide range of degradation rates that further exemplify the usefulness of these compositions in biomedical applications.
External validation of urinary C–C motif chemokine ligand 14 (CCL14) for prediction of persistent acute kidney injury (2021)

This secondary analysis externally validates urinary CCL14 to predict persistent severe AKI in critically ill patients.
Control of microfluidic systems: two examples, results, and challenges (2005)

Abstract This paper describes results and challenges in feedback control of microfluidic systems. Results are provided for two representative examples: control of liquid droplets by electrically actuated surface tension forces and steering of many particles at once by micro flow control. Common themes and challenges are outlined based on the authors' research programs and on the results of the March 2004 NSF workshop on ‘Control and System Integration of Micro‐ and Nano‐Scale Systems’ organized by the author. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
X-ray Waveguide Mode in Resonance with a Periodic Structure (2012)

We present a novel concept for x-ray waveguiding based on electromagnetism in photonic crystals, using a waveguide consisting of a pair of claddings sandwiching a core with a periodic structure. By confining the x rays undergoing multiple interference in the core by total reflection, a characteristic waveguide mode whose field distribution matches the periodicity of the core is formed. The distinctively low propagation loss enables the single-mode propagation of x rays. This concept opens broad application possibilities in x-ray physics from coherent imaging to x-ray quantum optics.
Constrained feed techniques for limited field of view scanning or time delay steering (2002)

Large arrays are often treated as arrays of smaller subarrays for the purpose of simplifying the array control and reducing the cost. Two major applications of subarray techniques are for limited field of view scanning and for time delay compensation of phase steered arrays. Although effective subarraying can be readily implemented using space feeds, it has remained very difficult to produce good pattern control with constrained feeds. This paper presents several new solutions to the problem, as applied to one dimensional arrays. The extension to two dimensional scanning can be accomplished by cascading the beamformer networks. It is expected that these techniques will enable the fabrication of low sidelobe arrays with very large constrained subarrays.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of a Novel Hexadentate Chelating Agent Based on 8‐Hydroxyquinoline. (1988)

Abstract 8‐Hydroxyquinoline N‐oxide (I) is converted to the carboxylic acid (V).
Microfluidic on-demand engineering of exosomes towards cancer immunotherapy (2019)

Extracellular vesicles (EVs), particularly exosomes (30-150 nm), are an emerging delivery system in mediating cellular communications, which have been observed for priming immune responses by presenting parent cell signaling proteins or tumor antigens to immune cells. Therefore, preparation of antigenic exosomes that can play therapeutic roles, particularly in cancer immunotherapy, is emerging. However, standard benchtop methods (e.g., ultracentrifugation and filtration) lack the ability to purify antigenic exosomes specifically among other microvesicle subtypes, due to the non-selective and time-consuming (>10 h) isolation protocols. Exosome engineering approaches, such as the transfection of parent cells, also suffer from poor yields, low purity, and time-consuming operations. In this paper, we introduce a streamlined microfluidic cell culture platform for integration of harvesting, antigenic modification, and photo-release of surface engineered exosomes in one workflow, which enables the production of intact, MHC peptide surface engineered exosomes for cytolysis activation. A PDMS microfluidic cell culture chip is simply cast from a 3D-printed mold. This proof-of-concept study demonstrated the enhanced ability of harvested exosomes in antigen presentation and T cell activation, by decorating melanoma tumor peptides on the exosome surface (e.g., gp-100, MART-1, and MAGE-A3). Such surface engineered antigenic exosomes were harvested in real-time from the on-chip culture of leukocytes isolated from human blood, leading to much faster cellular uptake. The activation of gp100-specific CD8 T cells which were purified from the spleen of 2 Pmel1 transgenic mice was evaluated using surface engineered exosomes prepared from murine antigen presenting cells. Antigen-specific CD8 T cell proliferation was significantly induced by the engineered exosomes compared to that by native, non-engineered exosomes. This microfluidic platform serves as an automated and highly integrated cell culture device for rapid and real-time production of therapeutic exosomes that could advance cancer immunotherapy.
Cone Beam Local Tomography (1999)

In this paper we study three-dimensional cone beam local tomography. We analyze the local tomography function $f_{\Lambda}^c$, which was proposed earlier in [A.K. Louis and P. Maass, IEEE Trans. Medical Imaging, 12 (1993), pp. 764--769]. Let f be an unknown density distribution inside an object being scanned. We find a relationship between the wave fronts of $f_{\Lambda}^c$ and f and compute the principal symbol of the operator which maps f into $f_{\Lambda}^c$. Our results prove the fact, which was first noted in Louis and Maass, that one can recover most of the singularities of f knowing $f_{\Lambda}^c$. It is shown that these are precisely the singularities of f that are visible from the data. A simple and efficient algorithm for finding values of jumps of f knowing local cone beam data is proposed. The nature of artifacts inherent in cone beam local tomography is studied.
Adaptive Alignment of a Shipboard Satellite Terminal (1985)

Shipboard satellite antennas are limited in open-loop pointing accuracy by alignment errors in installation. If the error values could be found, pointing accuracy could be improved by adding correction terms to the equations used by the control processor in performing platform stabilization. The standard autotrack loops for low SNR links have very narrow bandwidths, making them too slow to track out time-varying pointing errors induced by the platform motion. We have developed a new algorithm based on an optimal estimator to perform both satellite tracking and estimation of ephemeris and alignment errors from satellite tracking data. The primary benefit of this algorithm is better terminal performance due to improved pointing and tracking accuracy. Other potential benefits include: reduced antenna system installation costs; automatic realignment of antenna components replaced at sea; antenna system design simplification; and reduced target acquisition time.
Assessing the mechanical anisotropy and hysteresis while cycling IOP of porcine eyes before and after CXL by noncontact optical coherence elastography (2017)

Diseases such as keratoconus can alter the orientation of collagen fibrils in the cornea. Moreover, therapeutic interventions such as UV-A/riboflavin corneal collagen crosslinking (CXL) can alter the collagen fibril arrangement. Therefore, the anisotropic characteristics of the cornea can provide vital information about tissue integrity. In this work, we utilize noncontact elastic wave imaging optical coherence elastography (EWI-OCE) to assess the elastic anisotropy and hysteresis of in situ porcine corneas as various intraocular pressures (IOP). In addition, we evaluated the effects of CXL on the mechanical anisotropy and hysteresis. OCE measurements were made at stepped meridional angles, and a sliding window algorithm spatially mapped the elasticity. A modified planar anisotropy coefficient was utilized to quantify the elastic anisotropy of the corneas. The results show that the stiffness and elastic anisotropy of the corneas were significantly affected by CXL and IOP (P<0.001), but the hysteresis was not significant (P<0.05). Moreover, the changes in elasticity due to CXL were angle-dependent (P<0.005). However, the changes in mechanical anisotropy from CXL were not angle-dependent (P>0.05).
CD40 Pathway Activation Status Predicts Response to CD40 Therapy in Diffuse Large B Cell Lymphoma (2011)

The primary function of B cells, critical components of the adaptive immune response, is to produce antibodies against foreign antigens, as well as to perform isotype class switching, which changes the heavy chain of an antibody so that it can interact with different repertoires of effector cells. CD40 is a member of the tumor necrosis factor superfamily of cell surface receptors that transmits survival signals to B cells. In contrast, in B cell cancers, stimulation of CD40 signaling results in a heterogeneous response in which cells can sometimes undergo cell death in response to treatment, depending on the system studied. We found an association between sensitivity to CD40 stimulation and mutation of the tumor suppressor p53 in a panel of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma cell lines. Consistent with p53's tumor suppressor role, we found that higher levels of intrinsic DNA damage and increased proliferation rates, as well as higher levels of BCL6, a transcriptional repressor proto-oncogene, were associated with sensitivity to CD40 stimulation. In addition, CD40 treatment-resistant cell lines were sensitized to CD40 stimulation after the introduction of DNA-damaging agents. Using gene expression analysis, we also showed that resistant cell lines exhibited a preexisting activated CD40 pathway and that an mRNA expression signature comprising CD40 target genes predicted sensitivity and resistance to CD40-activating agents in cell lines and mouse xenograft models. Finally, the gene signature predicted tumor shrinkage and progression-free survival in patients with diffuse large B cell lymphoma treated with dacetuzumab, a monoclonal antibody with partial CD40 agonist activity. These data show that CD40 pathway activation status may be useful in predicting the antitumor activity of CD40-stimulating therapeutic drugs.
The Use of Sulfonylamido Pyrimidines Incorporating an Unsaturated Side Chain as Endothelin Receptor Antagonists. (2003)

Abstract For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Hybrid selector for high-X scan compression (2012)

Scan testing and scan compression are widely used, but ever more complex designs require higher compression, while the increased density of unknown (X) values reduces effective compression. In this paper, we present a new selector design which blocks all Xs while allowing more observability of non-X scan cells and which requires fewer input control values. Supported by novel test generation algorithms, the selector enables very high compression even if the density of unknown values is very high and varies every shift. Results on industrial designs with various X densities demonstrate consistently high compression and test coverage.
Microencapsulation (1975)

Abstract Microencapsulation is the enveloping of liquid droplets or fine solid particles to form microscopic capsules 1 to 5000 μm in diameter. For the fabrication of such capsules special techniques have been developed which take into account the substance to be encapsulated and the intended use of the capsules. The envelopes, consisting of natural or synthetic polymers, may be made permeable, semipermeable, or impermeable. Thus, there are several possibilities for controlled release of an encapsulated reactive substance, for example by destruction of the envelope or by permeation: alternatively, reactions can be allowed to take place within the microcapsules. Microencapsulation facilitates delivery of many substances to their site of utilization in a novel form of preparation and novel mode of dosage, the solids being dispersed very finely and having a very large surface area.
Remote optical control of an optical flip-flop (2007)

We experimentally demonstrate control of a holding-beam-enabled optical flip-flop by means of optical signals that act in a remote fashion. These optical-control signals vary the holding-beam power by means of cross-gain modulation within a remotely located semiconductor optical amplifier (SOA). The power-modulated holding beam then travels through a resonant-type SOA, where flip-flop action occurs as the holding-beam power falls above and below the switching thresholds of the bistable hysteresis. Control is demonstrated using submilliwatt pulses whose wavelengths are not restricted to the vicinity of the holding beam. Benefits of remote control include the potential for controlling multiple flip-flops with a single pair of optical signals and for realizing all-optical control of any holding-beam-enabled flip-flop.
A novel fault classification technique for high speed protective relaying of transmission lines (2010)

This paper presents a new algorithm for faulty phase selection in transmission lines. The algorithm is based on a limited soft processing of the 3-phase and the zero-component current phasors. Current phasors are determined by using a pair of short length data window filters giving orthogonal outputs — phasor components. The soft processing means here that, generally, the operations like min and max are used rather than multiplication or summation of two or more arguments.