gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Early Assessment of Biophysical Parameters Predicts Lesion Formation During RF Energy Delivery In Vitro (2010)

Background: There is no currently available technology to accurately predict ablation lesion size within seconds of onset of delivery of radiofrequency (RF) energy. Methods: Changes in several biophysical characteristics of cardiac tissue in vitro within 5–15 seconds of the onset of RF energy were evaluated to predict lesion formation at 120 seconds. RF energy was applied with a 50% duty cycle to measure heating and cooling behavior of the electrode temperature sensor. Changes in impedance, phase angle, and the resulting resistance and capacitance, power, and electrode temperature variation during RF ablation were analyzed. Results: A combination of electrical-based parameters measured online as early as 5, 10, and 15 seconds after onset of RF energy in vitro was found to explain 63, 75, and 76% of variability (R2) of lesion volume. These correlations were better than any single parameter, particularly impedance and target temperature. Conclusions: A combination of electrical-based parameters provides better correlation with lesion formation than a single parameter and may be useful to predict lesion size during RF ablation in vivo. These parameters appear to represent changes in the tissue during heating. (PACE 2010; 33:1082–1088)
Analysis and Antiproliferative Activity of Bark Extractives of <i>Betula Neoalaskana</i> and <i>B. Papyrifera</i>. Synthesis of the Most Active Extractive Component - Betulin 3-Caffeate (2007)

The chemical content of outer birch bark extractive from the North American birches Betula papyrifera Marshall (paper birch) and B. neoalaskana Sargent (Alaskan paper birch) has been evaluated by GC/MS, HPLC and NMR spectroscopy. The comparative antiproliferative activity of the extractive and major triterpenoid components was studied using a number of human and murine malignant (P19, N2/D1, K1735-M2, PC-3 and CaOV3) and normal (BJ) cell lines. Betulin 3-caffeate was found to exhibit the highest antiproliferative activity among all triterpenoid components, including betulinic acid. Synthesis of betulin 3-caffeate from betulin has been developed.
Carbonate Fuel Cell Matrix and Electrolyte Developments (2012)

The carbonate fuel cell matrix and electrolyte are important components for performance and life stability. Significant improvements were achieved in the areas of matrix pore structure, manufacturing and electrolyte chemistry. These efforts have enabled extending cell life and reducing cost. The optimization of electrolyte composition showed 40 mV performance improvement at low temperatures and >55% reduction of NiO dissolution compared to baseline design. Investigations on electrolyte compositions, electrolyte additives and stable matrix materials continue to further enhance cell life
Mutation in the ITPA Gene Predicts Intolerance to Azathioprine (2005)

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Manipulation of Hydrogen Charge States for Passivation of P-Type Wafers in Photovoltaics (2014)

Passivation of defects in silicon solar cells using hydrogen has long been an area of significant interest to the photovoltaic community. In this paper, we explore the importance of the charge states of hydrogen for passivation of defects in p-type silicon and how these charge states might be manipulated using illumination. We show that by using illumination during hydrogenation processes at temperatures between 475 and 625 K, the lifetime of wafers containing high concentrations of hydrogen can be strongly increased. The magnitude of the increase depends on temperature, with the most significant increase occurring at 545 K with samples under illumination showing an average effective lifetime of 167 μs, while samples without illumination had an average lifetime of 67 μs. This increase in the lifetime with illumination is explained in terms of how the electron quasi-Fermi energy and, hence, the relative concentrations of the hydrogen charge states respond to illumination at these temperatures. We show a correlation between the predicted charge states of interstitial hydrogen and the effective lifetimes of the wafers.
Attribute-based encryption with encryption and decryption outsourcing (2014)

In this paper we propose a new scheme for ciphertext-policy attribute-based encryption that allows outsourcing of computationally expensive encryption and decryption steps. The scheme constitutes an important building block for mobile applications where both the host and users use mobile devices with limited computational power. In the proposed scheme, during encryption the host involves a semi-trusted proxy to encrypt a partially encrypted (by the host) message according to an access policy provided by the host. The proxy is unable to learn the message from this partially encrypted text. A user can only decrypt the stored ciphertext if he possesses secret keys associated with a set of attributes that satisfies the associated policy. To reduce computational load in the decryption step, the user, in his turn, involves a semi-trusted proxy (e.g. a cloud) by deploying the scheme of Green et al. (2011). The cloud is given a transformation key that facilitates construction of an El Gamal-ciphertext from the original ciphertext if the user's attributes satisfy the ciphertext. This El Gamal-ciphertext can be then efficiently decrypted on the user's resource-constrained device. The resulting ABE scheme with encryption and decryption outsourcing is proven to be secure in the generic group model.
Performance of europium-doped strontium iodide, transparent ceramics and bismuth-loaded polymer scintillators (2011)

Recently discovered scintillators for gamma ray spectroscopy - single-crystal SrI<sub>2</sub>(Eu), GYGAG(Ce) transparent ceramic and Bismuth-loaded plastics - offer resolution and fabrication advantages compared to commercial scintillators, such as NaI(Tl) and standard PVT plastic. Energy resolution at 662 keV of 2.7% is obtained with SrI<sub>2</sub>(Eu), while 4.5% is obtained with GYGAG(Ce). A new transparent ceramic scintillator for radiographic imaging systems, GLO(Eu), offers high light yield of 70,000 Photons/MeV, high stopping, and low radiation damage. Implementation of single-crystal SrI<sub>2</sub>(Eu), Gd-based transparent ceramics, and Bi-loaded plastic scintillators can advance the state-of-the art in ionizing radiation detection systems.
New polymorphous computing fabric. (2002)

This paper introduces a new polymorphous computing Fabric well suited to DSP and Image Processing and describes its implementation on a Configurable System on a Chip (CSOC). The architecture is highly parameterized and enables customization of the synthesized Fabric to achieve high performance for a specific class of application. For this reason it can be considered to be a generic model for hardware accelerator synthesis from a high level specification. Another important innovation is the Fabric uses a global memory concept, which gives the host processor random access to all the variables and instructions on the Fabric. The Fabric supports different computing models including MIMD, SPMD and systolic flow and permits dynamic reconfiguration. We present a specific implementation of a bank of FIR filters on a Fabric composed of 52 cells on the Altera Excalibur ARM running at 33 MHz. The theoretical performance of this Fabric is 1.8 GMACh. For the FIR application we obtain 1.6 GMAC/s real performance. Some automatic tools have been developed like the tool to provide a host access utility and assembler.
Estimation of fast fading channels in OFDM (2003)

In this paper, we investigate OFDM transmission over fast fading channels. In such scenarios, the Doppler spread of the channel and synchronization errors cause intercarrier interference (ICI) and complicate channel estimation because the channel cannot be assumed constant during the transmission of an OFDM block. Channel estimation in rapidly time-varying scenarios becomes critical, an we propose a scheme for estimating channel parameters varying within a transmission block. Along with the channel estimation scheme, we also examine the issue of pilot tone placement and show that in time-varying channels it may be better to group pilot tones together into clumps equispaced onto the FFT grid; this placement technique is in contrast to the common wisdom for time-invariant channels. Finally we provide numerical results.
Human Milk Oligosaccharides Are Able to Impact the Gut Microbiota and Metabolites in Irritable Bowel Syndrome Patients (2018)

Introduction: The intestinal microbiota is an increasingly recognized factor in the pathogenesis of irritable bowel syndrome (IBS). This may be mediated through the microbiota itself or through metabolites produced by the microbiota which are key nutrients for gut barrier and immune function. Diet has a major impact on the microbiota and their metabolites and dietary interventions are increasingly used in IBS. However, the challenge is to identify dietary modifiers of the microbiota which are specific, allowing targeted intervention on the microbiota and metabolites. Human Milk Oligosaccharides (HMOs) are a family of complex carbohydrates found in human milk. In adult and infant clinical studies, HMOs specifically modulated the intestinal microbiota by increasing bifidobacteria and reducing certain detrimental bacteria. Additionally, HMOs were well tolerated. Methods: The aims of this study are to assess i) in in vitro the impact of HMOs on the microbial community and metabolites, and ii) to correlate with HMO impact on symptoms in adult IBS volunteers. In vitro gut models were used to examine the impact of HMOs on the microbiota and metabolites using faecal samples from IBS patients and healthy donors. Samples were analysed using flow cytometry coupled with fluorescent in-situ hybridization (FISH) for microbial composition and NMR spectroscopy for metabolite profiling. 45 IBS volunteers were recruited into an open label test program in which the volunteers consumed 3.5 g HMO daily for 12 weeks. Symptom scores were recorded electronically at day 0, after 3, 6, 9 and 12 weeks. Results: The studies showed (i) the microbiota of healthy and IBS patients to be different, (ii) a clear change in microbial composition and an increase in bifidobacteria in the IBS samples to levels closer to healthy, (iii) an increase in nutrient metabolites relevant to gut barrier and immune function; and (iv) a decrease in pain, dysfunctional bowel movement, bloating and certain quality of life symptoms. Conclusion: The results show that HMOs can improve the microbiota composition and metabolites of IBS patients and this dietary improvement potentially decreases IBS-like symptoms. This suggests HMOs as potential candidates for the dietary management of IBS and associated comorbidities, however clinical trials are needed to validate these results.
Detection of single nucleotide polymorphisms of the human mu opioid receptor gene by hybridization or single nucleotide extension on custom oligonucleotide gelpad microchips: Potential in studies of addiction (2000)

The human mu opioid receptor (MOR) plays a central role in mediating the effects of opioids, both endogenous and exogenous. Epidemiological studies have shown that addiction in general, and especially opiate addiction, has a heritable component. Clinical and laboratory studies suggest that the MOR gene may contribute to the heritable component of vulnerability to develop opiate addiction. Naturally occurring single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) have been identified in the MOR gene by conventional methods. Two coding region SNPs, the A118G and C17T substitutions, occur at high allelic frequencies (10.5% and 6.6%, respectively, in our previous studies). These common SNPs cause amino acid changes in the receptor, and may have implications for differences in individual responses to opioids, as well as decreased or increased vulnerability to opiate addiction. The A118G substitution encodes a variant receptor with binding and signal transduction differences in response to beta-endorphin in cellular assays. Recent innovations in microchip technology offer new potential methods for SNP detection. We report here on the development of two separate approaches using custom oligonucleotide gelpad microarrays for detection of these two common SNPs of the MOR gene in human DNA samples. First, PCR-amplified genomic DNA samples were used to produce target sequences, which were labeled with fluorescent dye and hybridized to custom microchips. Oligonucleotides on these reusable microchips were designed to query nucleotide substitutions at positions 17 and 118 of the MOR gene. Thirty-six human DNA samples were assayed both on these custom microchips and by conventional automated gel sequencing, with highly concordant identification of both heterozygous and homozygous substitutions. A second approach was developed for the C17T SNP utilizing single nucleotide extension on custom microchips. These custom gelpad microchips have potential for the rapid and inexpensive detection of specific SNPs for genetic and genomic studies.
Centre-tapped spiral inductors for monolithic bandpassfilters (1995)

A centre-tapped spiral inductor is proposed for use in fully balanced monolithic bandpass filters. The design consumes only 63% of the area required by two traditional spirals and delivers a common-mode rejection ratio approaching 40 dB. Moreover, the self-resonance frequency is twice that of a traditional grounded spiral of the same inductance value, enabling higher reactances and Q-values to be achieved.
Dynamics of resilient‐friction base isolator (R‐FBI) (1987)

Abstract The Resilient‐Friction Base Isolator (R‐FBI) is composed of a set of flat rings which can slide on each other with a central rubber core and/or peripheral rubber cores. In this base isolator the interfacial friction force acts in parallel with the elastic force in the rubber. It combines the beneficial effect of friction damping with that of the resiliency of rubber. The rubber cores distribute the sliding displacement and velocity along the height of the R‐FBI. They do not carry any vertical loads and are not vulcanized to the sliding rings. The system's analytical model and the computer experimental results for both horizontal and vertical components of recorded ground motions and various levels of friction and damping are presented. These results clearly demonstrate the R‐FBI's potential as an effective aseismic base isolator.
Automatic generation of assertions from system level design using data mining (2011)

System level modeling is widely employed at early stages of system development for simplifying design verification and architectural exploration. Assertion based verification has become a well established part of RTL verification methodology. In the traditional assertion based verification flow, assertions are manually written. In this paper, we generate assertions from system level designs using GoldMine, an automatic assertion generation engine that uses data mining and static analysis. Candidate assertions are mined in the form of frequent patterns in the simulation traces of the system level designs. We consider both cycle accurate and transaction level designs and develop a methodology for the mining of each. For cycle accurate designs, we use both a decision tree based supervised learning algorithms as well as a coverage guided association mining algorithm to search for correlations in the simulation trace. For transaction level designs, sequential pattern mining is applied to generate frequent sequences of function calls and events from traces. We also use a symbolic execution engine to generalize the parameters and return values of the functions to help the data miner find relevant behavior. We show that our technique generates meaningful assertions on both a cycle accurate RISC CPU design and a transaction level AMBA-based DMA controller.
Shear-Modulus Estimation by Application of Spatially-Modulated Impulsive Acoustic Radiation Force (2007)

We present a method for determining the shear modulus of an elastic material wherein a spatially-modulated acoustic radiation force is used to generate a disturbance of known spatial frequency (wavelength). The propagation of this initial displacement as a shear wave is measured using ultrasound tracking methods and the temporal frequency of the shear wave is estimated. Given the known wavelength and material density and the measured estimate of temporal frequency, the shear modulus at the point of excitation may be calculated easily. Using this method, the shear moduli of two gelatin phantoms was estimated to be 1.4 and 5.8 kPa, in good agreement with 1.5 and 5.6 kPa values determined though quasistatic material testing.
Model-based Application for Adsorption of Lead (II) from AqueousSolution using Low-cost Jute Stick Derived Activated Carbon (2020)

Background: Removal of lead (II) ions from supply water using an inexpensive adsorbent is essential. It is recommended that low-cost adsorbents are developed to effectively remove lead (II) ions from aqueous solutions. The aim of the study is to develop and validate models for predicting the performance of carboxylated jute stick derived activated carbon (JSAC-COOH) in removing lead (II) ions from aqueous solution, which can assist the water supply authorities in supplying lead (II) free drinking water to the communities at a low-cost. Methods: Controlled laboratory experiments were conducted following the statistical “Design of Experiments” through varying the factors affecting the performance of JSAC-COOH in removing lead (II) ions. The performance of JSACCOOH was investigated for different concentrations of lead (II) ions (range: 50 - 500 mg/L) at variable experimental conditions (temperature: 15°C and 27°C; pH: 4.0 and 7.0) and time (1, 10, 30 and 60 min). Several models (Linear and non-linear) were investigated and validated for predicting the concentrations of lead (II) ions in aqueous solution. Results: The prepared JSAC-COOH had a surface area of 615.3 m2 /g. In 60 min, up to 99.8% removal of lead (II) ions was achieved. Few models showed very good to excellent predictive capabilities with coefficients of determination in the range of 0.85–0.95. The model validation experiments showed the correlation coefficients in the range of 0.84 – 0.98. Conclusion: The models have the capabilities to reasonably predict the final concentrations of lead (II) ions, which can be used in controlling the effluent lead (II) ion concentrations. The proposed adsorbent is likely to be low-cost as it was developed using the commonly available agricultural byproduct.
Auxiliary pattern for cell-based OPC (2006)

The runtime of model-based optical proximity correction (OPC) tools has grown unacceptably with each successive technology generation, and has emerged as one of the major bottlenecks for turnaround time (TAT) of IC data preparation and manufacturing. The cell-based OPC approach improves runtime by performing OPC once per cell definition as opposed to once per cell instantiation in the layout. However, cell-based OPC does not comprehend inter-cell optical interactions that affect feature printability in a layout context. In this work, we propose auxiliary pattern-enabled cell-based OPC which can minimize the CD differences between cell-based OPC and model-based OPC. To enable effective insertion of auxiliary pattern (AP) in the design, we also propose a post-placement optimization of a standard cell block with respect to detailed placement. By dynamic programming-based placement perturbation, we achieve 100% AP applicability in designs with placement utilizations of < 70%. In an evaluation with a complete industrial flow, cell-based OPC with AP can match gate edge placement error (EPE) count of model-based OPC within 4%. This is an improvement of 90%, on average, over cell-based OPC without APs. The AP-based OPC approach can reduce OPC runtimes versus model-based OPC by up to 40X in our benchmark designs. We can also achieve reduction of GDSII file size and ORC runtimes due to hierarchy maintenance of cell-based OPC.
<i>Schistosoma mansoni</i> polypeptides immunogenic in mice vaccinated with radiation-attenuated cercariae. (1987)

We compared the humoral immune response of mice protected against Schistosoma mansoni by vaccination with radiation-attenuated cercariae to that of patently infected mice, and we identified antigens that elicit a greater, or unique, immune response in the vaccinated mice. These comparisons were based upon radioimmunoprecipitations and immunodepletion of [35S]methionine-labeled schistosomular and adult worm polypeptides, followed by one- and two-dimensional polyacrylamide gel analyses. The humoral responses of patently infected mice and of mice vaccinated once were remarkably similar and were directed against schistosome glycoproteins ranging in molecular size from greater than 300 to less than 10 kDa. Exposing mice to a second vaccination resulted in a marked change in the immune response, to one predominantly directed toward high molecular size glycoproteins. Sequential immunodepletion techniques identified five schistosomular and seven adult worm antigens that showed a greater or unique immunogenicity in vaccinated mice as compared with patently infected mice. These adult worm antigens were purified by preparative sequential immunoaffinity chromatography and used to prepare a polyclonal antiserum, anti-irradiated vaccine. This antiserum bound to the surface of live newly transformed and lung-stage schistosomula, as assessed by immunofluorescence assays, and was reactive with a number of 125I-labeled schistosomular surface polypeptides, including a doublet of 150 kDa that was also recognized by sera of vaccinated mice but not by sera of patently infected mice.
A spurious reduction technique for high-speed direct digital synthesizers (2002)

Digital-to-Analog Converters (DACs) are the primary source of spurious in high-speed Direct Digital Synthesizers (DDS), DAC glitches, DC-linearity errors, and digital noise feedthrough can corrupt the DDS output. This paper proposes a balanced-DAC configuration at the DDS output that can dramatically reduce these effects. A pair of single-ended DACs are employed, driven from a set of inverters that generate the out-of-phase drive signals. An on- or off-chip subtractor combines the two out-of-phase DAC outputs, canceling distortion, noise, and glitches. Simulations along with experimental results from an 800 MHz balanced-DAC DDS breadboard are included. Greater than 10 dB reduction in harmonics, aliased-harmonics, and noise floor have been achieved. A monolithic version of this balanced-DAC DDS has been fabricated and is currently in test.
3.4 THz quantum cascade laser operating above liquid nitrogen temperature (2003)

Terahertz lasing in a quantum cascade structure in pulsed mode up to a temperature of 87K at a wavelength of λ=88 µm (3.4 THz) has been obtained. At 5K, a peak power of approximately 3.4 mW is observed, with still ∼1 mW at 78K.