gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
ChemInform Abstract: A Protecting Group Free and Scalable Approach Towards Total Synthesis of (‐)‐Venlafaxine. (2014)

ChemInformVolume 45, Issue 48 Natural Products ChemInform Abstract: A Protecting Group Free and Scalable Approach Towards Total Synthesis of (-)-Venlafaxine. Subhash P. Chavan, Subhash P. Chavan Div. Org. Chem., CSIR-Natl. Chem. Lab., Pune 411 008, IndiaSearch for more papers by this authorKailash P. Pawar, Kailash P. Pawar Div. Org. Chem., CSIR-Natl. Chem. Lab., Pune 411 008, IndiaSearch for more papers by this authorSumanta Garai, Sumanta Garai Div. Org. Chem., CSIR-Natl. Chem. Lab., Pune 411 008, IndiaSearch for more papers by this author Subhash P. Chavan, Subhash P. Chavan Div. Org. Chem., CSIR-Natl. Chem. Lab., Pune 411 008, IndiaSearch for more papers by this authorKailash P. Pawar, Kailash P. Pawar Div. Org. Chem., CSIR-Natl. Chem. Lab., Pune 411 008, IndiaSearch for more papers by this authorSumanta Garai, Sumanta Garai Div. Org. Chem., CSIR-Natl. Chem. Lab., Pune 411 008, IndiaSearch for more papers by this author First published: 13 November 2014 https://doi.org/10.1002/chin.201448208Read the full textAboutPDF ToolsRequest permissionExport citationAdd to favoritesTrack citation ShareShare Give accessShare full text accessShare full-text accessPlease review our Terms and Conditions of Use and check box below to share full-text version of article.I have read and accept the Wiley Online Library Terms and Conditions of UseShareable LinkUse the link below to share a full-text version of this article with your friends and colleagues. Learn more.Copy URL Share a linkShare onFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditWechat No abstract is available for this article. Volume45, Issue48December 2, 2014 RelatedInformation
Applications of adaptive noise attenuation to dual sensor seismic data (2003)

PreviousNext No AccessSEG Technical Program Expanded Abstracts 2003Applications of adaptive noise attenuation to dual sensor seismic dataAuthors: John BrittanJoel StarrJohn BrittanPGS Geophysical and Joel StarrPGS Geophysicalhttps://doi.org/10.1190/1.1818076 SectionsAboutPDF/ePub ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinked InRedditEmail Permalink: https://doi.org/10.1190/1.1818076FiguresReferencesRelatedDetailsCited byS-wave suppression in the vertical component of 4-C OBC dataYu Wang and Ruimin Wang17 August 2017Successful imaging of land hydrophone and dual sensor data in a dry desert environmentRoy Burnstad, Andrey Bakulin, Mike Jervis, and Dmitry Alexandrov25 October 2012Multicomponent velocity analysis with quaternionsGeophysical Prospecting, Vol. 55, No. 6Geophone noise attenuation and wavefield separation using a multidimensional decomposition techniqueKenneth L. Craft and Josef Paffenholz14 September 2007 SEG Technical Program Expanded Abstracts 2003ISSN (print):1052-3812 ISSN (online):1949-4645Copyright: 2003 Pages: 2452 publication data© 2003 Copyright © 2003 Society of Exploration GeophysicistsPublisher:Society of Exploration Geophysicists HistoryPublished Online: 03 Jan 2005 CITATION INFORMATION John Brittan and Joel Starr, (2003), "Applications of adaptive noise attenuation to dual sensor seismic data," SEG Technical Program Expanded Abstracts : 865-868. https://doi.org/10.1190/1.1818076 Plain-Language Summary PDF DownloadLoading ...
Molecular Characterization and Ocular Hypotensive Properties of the Prostanoid EP <sub>2</sub> Receptor (1995)

The cloning of the genes that encode for prostaglandin (PG) receptors has resolved much of the complexity and controversy in this area by confirming the classification proposed by Coleman, et al. Two issues that remained unresolved were (1) the inability of the EP2 agonist butaprost to interact with the cloned putative EP2 receptor and (2) molecular biological confirmation of a fourth PGE2-sensitive receptor, which was pharmacologically designated EP4. In order to provide clarification, we attempted to clone further PGE2-sensitive receptors. By using a cDNA probe that encodes for the human EP3A receptor, a cDNA clone that encoded for a novel PGE2-sensitive receptor was obtained by screening a human placenta library. This cDNA clone was transfected into COS-7 cells for pharmacological studies. The cDNA clone obtained from human placenta had only about 30% amino acid identity with cDNAs for other PG receptors, including those that encode for the previously proposed murine and human EP2 receptors. Radioligand binding studies on the novel EP receptor expressed in COS-7 cells revealed that selective EP2 agonists such as butaprost, AH 13205, AY 23626 and 19(R)-OH PGE2 all competed with 3H-PGE2 for its binding sites, whereas selective agonists for other PG receptor subtypes had minimal or no effect. This receptor was coupled to adenylate cyclase and EP2 agonists caused dose-related increases in cAMP. It appears that the cDNA described herein encodes for the pharmacologically defined EP2 receptor. Ocular studies revealed that AH 13205 decreased intraocular pressure in normal and ocular hypertensive monkeys by a mechanism that does not appear to involve inhibition of aqueous humor secretion.
C-band T/R module for high performance phased array radars (1991)

A C-band transmit/receive (T/R) module using gallium arsenide (GaAs) monolithic chips has been designed for an active aperture radar. Three C-band T/R modules were built and successfully tested. It is demonstrated that, with interior open-loop calibration and power conditioning, excellent phase and amplitude tracking can be obtained over frequency, temperature, and power supply variations. A peak module output power of 12 W was achieved at an overall module efficiency of 20%. >
Accelerating Deep Neural Network Training with Inconsistent Stochastic Gradient Descent (2016)

SGD is the widely adopted method to train CNN. Conceptually it approximates the population with a randomly sampled batch; then it evenly trains batches by conducting a gradient update on every batch in an epoch. In this paper, we demonstrate Sampling Bias, Intrinsic Image Difference and Fixed Cycle Pseudo Random Sampling differentiate batches in training, which then affect learning speeds on them. Because of this, the unbiased treatment of batches involved in SGD creates improper load balancing. To address this issue, we present Inconsistent Stochastic Gradient Descent (ISGD) to dynamically vary training effort according to learning statuses on batches. Specifically ISGD leverages techniques in Statistical Process Control to identify a undertrained batch. Once a batch is undertrained, ISGD solves a new subproblem, a chasing logic plus a conservative constraint, to accelerate the training on the batch while avoid drastic parameter changes. Extensive experiments on a variety of datasets demonstrate ISGD converges faster than SGD. In training AlexNet, ISGD is 21.05\% faster than SGD to reach 56\% top1 accuracy under the exactly same experiment setup. We also extend ISGD to work on multiGPU or heterogeneous distributed system based on data parallelism, enabling the batch size to be the key to scalability. Then we present the study of ISGD batch size to the learning rate, parallelism, synchronization cost, system saturation and scalability. We conclude the optimal ISGD batch size is machine dependent. Various experiments on a multiGPU system validate our claim. In particular, ISGD trains AlexNet to 56.3% top1 and 80.1% top5 accuracy in 11.5 hours with 4 NVIDIA TITAN X at the batch size of 1536.
Improved Glucose‐Neopentyl Glycol (GNG) Amphiphiles for Membrane Protein Solubilization and Stabilization (2013)

Membrane proteins are inherently amphipathic and undergo dynamic conformational changes for proper function within native membranes. Maintaining the functional structures of these biomacromolecules in aqueous media is necessary for structural studies but difficult to achieve with currently available tools, thus necessitating the development of novel agents with favorable properties. This study introduces several new glucose-neopentyl glycol (GNG) amphiphiles and reveals some agents that display favorable behaviors for the solubilization and stabilization of a large, multi-subunit membrane protein assembly. Furthermore, a detergent structure-property relationship that could serve as a useful guideline for the design of novel amphiphiles is discussed.
Prions (2006)

Prions are infectious proteins that have been described in both mammals and fungi. That prions are composed solely of proteins makes them unprecedented infectious pathogens. Prions are proteins that can adopt at least two different conformations; they multiply by forcing the precursor protein to acquire a second conformation. Different conformations of proteins in the prion state encipher distinct strains and are prone to aggregation. In mammals, prions accumulate to high levels in the nervous system where they cause dysfunction and fatal degeneration. Both mammalian and fungal prions have been produced in cell-free systems. Synthetic prion protein (PrP) peptides and recombinant PrP fragments have been used to form mammalian prions while N-terminal regions, called prion domains that are rich in glutamine and asparagine, have been used to form fungal prions. Prions cause a group of invariably fatal, neurodegenerative diseases. Prion diseases may present as genetic, infectious, or sporadic disorders, all of which involve modification of PrP. The tertiary structure of PrP is profoundly altered as prions are formed, and as such, prion diseases represent disorders of protein conformation. Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease (CJD) generally presents as a progressive dementia in humans while scrapie of sheep and bovine spongiform encephalopathy (BSE) usually manifest as ataxic illnesses.
Peer-Reviewed Technical Communication Multicarrier Communication Over Underwater Acoustic Channels With (2008)

Underwater acoustic (UWA) channels are in nature due to the small ratio of the carrier frequency to the signal bandwidth, which introduces frequency-dependent Doppler shifts. In this paper, we treat the channel as having a common Doppler scaling factor on all propagation paths, and propose a two-step approach to mitigating the Doppler effect: 1) nonuniform Doppler compensation via resampling that converts a wideband problem into a narrowband problem and 2) high-resolution uniform compensation of the residual Doppler. We focus on zero-padded orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing (OFDM) to minimize the transmission power. Null subcarriers are used to facilitate Doppler compensation, and pilot subcarriers are used for channel estimation. The receiver is based on block-by-block processing, and does not rely on channel dependence across OFDM blocks; thus, it is suitable for fast-varying UWA channels. The data from two shallow-water experiments near Woods Hole, MA, are used to demonstrate the receiver performance. Excellent performance results are obtained even when the transmitter and the receiver are moving at a relative speed of up to 10 kn, at which the Doppler shifts are greater than the OFDM subcarrier spacing. These results suggest that OFDM is a viable option for high-rate communications over UWA channels with nonuniform Doppler shifts.
Phase shift in hippocampal circadian rhythm during the latent period of epileptic rats (2011)

Since the late 19th century, clinicians have been aware that epileptic seizures are predisposed to occur at specific times of day. Recent experiments by our group in a chronic limbic epilepsy animal model have lead to the hypothesis that epilepsy following brain injury may emerge as a circadian disorder [1,2]. Specifically, we extracted two distinct classes of population spikes (PS) from CA1 local field potential data. Tracking the firing rate activity of these PS revealed: (a) The rate of PS oscillated with near 24-hour period in both sham controls and epileptic rats. (b) During the epileptogenesis latency period, immediately following electrically induced brain injury, a phase shift greater than 900 materialized between the two classes of population spikes. In addition, we observed a gradually evolving imbalance in which the average firing rate of one PS type increased at the expense of the other over a period of weeks, up until the rat’s first spontaneous seizure [1].

Our present goal is to explain the source of the PS phase shift in relation to the circadian perturbations induced by brain injury. We have constructed a biophysically realistic CA1 network model, consisting of pyramidal (Pyr), basket (B), and oriens-lacunosum molecular (O-LM) cells. Based on evidence from the literature, we consider three circadian-like inputs to the network: GABAergic input from the medial septum, peaking at night (CMS GABA); glutamtergic input along the Schaffer collaterals, peaking during the day (CSchaffer); and melatonin release, peaking at night and acting to attenuate all GABAergic currents (CMel GABA). All three circadian inputs are implemented by modulating simulation parameters with a scaling factor C{i}=[1 + α * cos(2π(t – t0)/24)].

The main result of our simulation is presented in Figure ​Figure1A.1A. By simulating circadian drive onto the CA1 network of a healthy rat, we show that the firing rates of the three neural populations oscillate in phase (thick lines). For simulation of the circadian perturbations induced by injury, we incorporate our recent high-field brain MRI results. This study, performed in the same animal model, suggested damage to the fimbria-fornix occurred following stimulation. The fimbria-fornix carries the GABAergic septal input. Removing this input from our model produces an 1800 shift in basket cell firing. Thus, our model provides a possible mechanism (Figure ​(Figure1B)1B) for the experimentally observed PS phase shift in injured animals, and points to input along the fimbria-fornix as an important source for circadian modulation in the hippocampus.



Figure 1

(A) The mean firing rates in the healthy rat (thick) are compared to the injured rat (thin, dotted), showing a 1800 phase shift in basket cell firing. Inset shows sample time series from which firing rates were derived. (B) Basket cell firing rate in ...
Patterns for e-Business: A Strategy for Reuse (2001)

From the Publisher:
Get an inside look at how successful businesses build their e-business architectures. In this book, four IBM e-business experts capture years of experience into easy-to-follow guidelines. Deliberately focusing on Business patterns, Integration patterns, and Application patterns, the authors share with you proven architectural patterns that can help get you up and running quickly, while at the same time reducing your risks. Because today's economy demands that e-business initiatives emphasize profitability and return on investment, the authors also offer guidance on methods to minimize cost, yet ensure quality.
Audience:
Business executives who must determine which e-business solutions to implement and are conscious of the key drivers (such as time to market and cost to implement) that govern implementing these solutions
CIOs and CTOs who are responsible for implementing e-business solutions and choosing the architecture that will provide the underpinnings of these solutions
Technical professionals (including ISVs, Web integrators, system integrators, and solution architects) who need to translate complex business requirements into applications that can be implemented using specific technologies 
Academics who wish to understand the implementation approaches that practitioners use to implement e-business solutions 
Level:
Introductory, Intermediate, Advanced
CD-ROM includes:
IBM Redbooks on Patterns for e-business Audio/video demonstration, with links to the Web, to illustrate the concepts of the Patterns for e-business and the Pattern Development Kit Two reports by analyst firms that provide independent assessments of the Patterns for e-business Audio/video interviews with both an IBM customer and an IBM business partner who have had notable successes with the Patterns for e-business Written reports of the experiences of two customers and a business partner Links to useful IBM Web sites about the Patterns for e-business
Nonlinear Properties of Chalcogenide Glass Fibers (2010)

We demonstrate that the chalcogenide glasses possess large nonlinearities that can enable compact Raman amplifiers as well as fiber lasers and amplifiers in the mid‐IR. These high nonlinearities also allow efficient supercontinuum generation, which is useful for broadband sources in the near and mid‐IR. These materials can also be poled to induce an effective χ (2) , opening up the potential of waveguide parametric amplifiers and sources. The Brillouin gain coefficients are relatively large and enable the demonstration of slow light in small core fibers. Results lead to a figure of merit that is about 140 times larger, or a theoretical gain about 45 times larger, than the best silica‐based fiber configurations reported to date.
Detecting geographic locations from web resources (2005)

The rapid pervasion of the web into users' daily lives has put much importance on capturing location-specific information on the web, due to the fact that most human activities occur locally around where a user is located. This is especially true in the increasingly popular mobile and local search environments. Thus, how to correctly and effectively detect geographic locations from web resources has become a key challenge to location-based web applications. In our previous work, we proposed to explicitly distinguish three types of locations for web resources, namely provider location, content location and serving location. Provider location is the physical location of the provider who owns the web resource; content location is the geographic location described in the web content; while serving location is the geographic scope that a web resource can reach. In this paper, we present a system that comprehensively employs a set of algorithms and different geographic sources by extracting geographic information from the web content, and mining hyperlink structures as well as user logs. As the result, only relevant geographic sources, rather than all of possible ones are used in computation of each category of web location. Finally, experimental results on large samples of web data show that our solution outperforms previous approaches.
Estimating business targets (2001)

Determining and setting maximal revenue expectations or other business performance targets---whether it is for regional company divisions or individual customers---can have profound financial implications. Operational techniques are changed, staffing levels are altered and management attention is re-focused---all in the name of expectations. In practice these expectations are often derived in an ad hoc manner. To address this unsupervised task, we combine nearest neighbor methods and classical statistical methods and derive a new solution to the classical econometric task of frontier analysis. We apply our methodology to two real world business problems in Verizon, a major telecommunications provider in the United States, more specifically in the print yellow page division Verizon Information Services: (1) identifying under marketed customers for targeted upselling campaigns and focused sales attention, and (2) benchmarking regional directory divisions to incent performance improvements. Our analysis uncovers some commercially useful aspects of these domains and by conservative estimates can increase revenue by several million dollars in each domain.
Delay-encoded harmonic imaging (DE-HI) in multiplane-wave compounding (2017)

The development of ultrafast ultrasound imaging brings great opportunities to improve imaging technologies such as shear wave elastography and ultrafast Doppler imaging. In ultrafast imaging, there are trade-offs among image signal-to-noise ratio (SNR), resolution, and the high frame rate. Multiplane wave (MW) imaging is proposed to solve this tradeoff by encoding multiple plane waves with positive/negative pulse polarities during one transmission event (i.e., pulse-echo event), to improve SNR in ultrafast imaging. However, it suffers from stronger reverberation clutters in B-mode images compared to standard plane wave compounding due to longer transmitted pulses. In this paper, we propose a delay-encoded harmonic imaging (DE-HI) technique to implement HI in MW compounding. It encodes the 2 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">nd</sup> harmonic signals with 1/4 period delay calculated at the transmit center frequency during MW transmissions, rather than reversing the pulse polarity. This is because the 2 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">nd</sup> harmonic signals cannot be encoded by pulse inversion. Received DE-HI signals can then be decoded in the frequency domain to recover the signals as in single plane wave emissions, but mainly with increased SNR at the 2 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">nd</sup> harmonic component instead of the fundamental component. DE-HI reduces image clutters as in HI and improves image SNR as in MW. The image quality enhancement was demonstrated by an in-vivo human liver study, in which DE-HI provided enhanced contrast-to-noise ratio (CNR) and vessel identification, as compared to plane wave fundamental imaging, MW compounding, and plane wave HI without coding. The enhanced imaging quality and potential high frame rate of DE-HI made the method promising for a wide spectrum of imaging applications.
Microstructure Control of <i>In‐Situ‐</i> Toughened α‐SiAlON Ceramics (2000)

Single‐phase α‐SiAlON with elongated grains is obtained from α‐Si 3 N 4 powder for a broad range of compositions of practical interest. Following the concept of nucleation and growth, two‐step firing is used for microstructure control. This method takes advantage of the slow transformation reaction from α‐Si 3 N 4 to α‐SiAlON at low temperature when the composition is near the α‐SiAlON phase boundary and, hence, is marginally stable. For more‐stable compositions, the seeding of α‐SiAlON crystals is more effective, because it allows elongated grains to grow onto the seed crystals. The fracture toughness is strongly correlated with the microstructure and is enhanced greatly in the optimized materials.
Trilayer Tunnel Selectors for Memristor Memory Cells (2015)

An integrated memory cell with a mem-ristor and a trilayer crested barrier selector, showing repeatable nonlinear current-voltage switching loops is presented. The fully atomic-layer-deposited TaN1+x /Ta2 O5 /TaN1+x crested barrier selector yields a large nonlinearity (>10(4) ), high endurance (>10(8) ), low variability, and low temperature dependence.
Gaussian MRF Covariance Modeling for Efficient Black-Box Adversarial Attacks (2020)

We study the problem of generating adversarial examples in a black-box setting, where we only have access to a zeroth order oracle, providing us with loss function evaluations. Although this setting has been investigated in previous work, most past approaches using zeroth order optimization implicitly assume that the gradients of the loss function with respect to the input images are \emph{unstructured}. In this work, we show that in fact substantial correlations exist within these gradients, and we propose to capture these correlations via a Gaussian Markov random field (GMRF). Given the intractability of the explicit covariance structure of the MRF, we show that the covariance structure can be efficiently represented using the Fast Fourier Transform (FFT), along with low-rank updates to perform exact posterior estimation under this model. We use this modeling technique to find fast one-step adversarial attacks, akin to a black-box version of the Fast Gradient Sign Method~(FGSM), and show that the method uses fewer queries and achieves higher attack success rates than the current state of the art. We also highlight the general applicability of this gradient modeling setup.