gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
(8.beta.)-6-Methylergoline amide derivatives as serotonin antagonists: N1-substituent effects on vascular 5HT2 receptor activity (1990)

A series of (8 beta)-6-methylergoline amide derivatives was synthesized with various alkyl substituents in the N1-position in order to evaluate their effectiveness in blocking vascular 5HT2 receptors. The influence of both the N1 substituent and amide derivative proved to be of great importance on binding affinities to vascular 5HT2 receptors. Within each series of amides, however, maximum affinity was achieved with an N1-isopropyl substituent (14, 18, 26, 38, and 41; all with 2.7-50 times greater affinity than their N1-H analogues), with the exception of two cases (22 and 37) in the cyclohexylamide derivatives wherein N1-methyl equalled the isopropyl in potency. Other than these exceptions, affinities followed the pattern of H less than Me less than Et less than iPr, with potencies falling off with larger alkyl substituents.
Low-temperature dry etching (1991)

Low-temperature electron-cyclotron-resonance microwave plasma etching and reactive ion etching are described for ULSI device fabrication. Highly selective anisotropic etching at a high rate, which implies dry etching without tradeoffs, is performed without changing the discharge parameters. This etching is only achieved at reduced wafer temperatures. The etching mechanism and the model are discussed based on the etching yield results obtained by the mass-selected reactive ion beam etching experiments. The new etching system and the etching properties obtained for the low-temperature etching are reviewed comparing those obtained in the conventional reactive ion etching and electron-cyclotron-resonance microwave plasma etching.
Fiber-optic gyroscopes with broad-band sources (1983)

The use of broad-band sources, polarized and unpolarized, in fiber gyroscopes with linearly birefringent fibers, is studied theoretically. Polarization-mode coupling in the fiber is modeled using one-mode coupling center. Gyroscope output equations are obtained which are useful in interpreting an origin of fiber noise in the limiting cases of low and high fiber birefringence. Interference effects in the output are shown to be related to mode coupling at particular locations in the fiber. The extent of these locations is governed by a depolarization length for which numerical estimates are given.
Design and implementation of an instrumented cane for gait recognition (2015)

Independent mobility is an important aspect of an individual's life and must sometimes be augmented by use of an assistive device such as a wheeled walker or cane following a fall, injury, or functional decline. Physical therapists perform functional gait assessments to gauge the probability of an individual experiencing a fall and often recommend use of a walker, cane, or walking stick to decrease fall risk. Our team has developed a clinical assessment tool centered on a standard walking cane embedded system that can enhance a therapist's observation-based gait assessment with use of additional objective and quantitative data. This system can be utilized to detect timing and speed of cane placement, angular acceleration of the cane, and amounts of weight borne on the cane. This system is designed to assist physical therapists at the basic level in collection of objective data during gait analysis, to facilitate appropriate assistive gait device prescription, to provide patients and therapists feedback during gait training, and to reduce wrist and shoulder injuries with cane usage. However, more importantly, using the plethora of objective data that can be obtained from this cane, automated gait analysis and gait pattern classification can be performed to understand a patient's walking performance.
Bayesian Estimation Based Load Modeling Report (2018)

This report presents the detailed steps of establishing the composite load model in the power system. The derivations of estimation the ZIP model and IM model parameters are proposed in this report. This is a supplementary material for the paper submitted to PES GM 2019.
Phase holograms in polymethyl methacrylate (1992)

Complex computer generated phase holograms (CGPHs) have been fabricated in polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) by partial exposure and subsequent partial development. The CGPH was encoded as a sequence of phase delay pixels and written by e-beam (JEOL JBX-5DII), a different dose being assigned to each value of phase delay. Following carefully controlled, partial development, the pattern appears, rendered in relief, in the PMMA which then acts as the phase-delay medium. The exposure dose was in the range 20–200 μC/cm2, and very aggressive development in pure acetone led to low contrast. This enabled etch depth control to better than ±20 nm corresponding to an optical phase shift in transmission, relative to air, of ±λvis/60. That result was obtained by exposing isolated 50 μm square patches and measuring resist removal over the central area where the proximity effect dose was uniform and related only to the local exposure. For complex CGPHs with pixel size of the order of the proximity radius, the patterns must be corrected for proximity effects. In addition, the isotropic nature of the development process will produce sidewall etching effects. The devices fabricated were designed with 16 equal phase steps per retardation cycle, were up to 3 mm square, and consisted of up to 10 million 0.3–2.0 μm square pixels. Data files were up to 60 Mb long and exposure times ranged to several hours. No sidewall etch corrections were applied to the pattern and proximity effects were only treated approximately. A Fresnel phase lens was fabricated that had diffraction limited optical performance with 83% efficiency.
Colour-causing defects and their related optoelectronic transitions in single crystal CVD diamond (2013)

Defects causing colour in nitrogen-doped chemical vapour-deposited (CVD) diamond can adversely affect the exceptional optical, electronic and spintronic properties of the material. Several techniques were used to study these defects, namely optical absorption spectroscopy, thermoluminescence (TL) and electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR). From our studies, the defects causing colour in nitrogen-doped CVD diamond are clearly not the same as those causing similar colour in natural diamonds. The brown colour arises due to a featureless absorption profile that decreases in intensity with increasing wavelength, and a broad feature at 360 nm (3.49 eV) that scales in intensity with it. Another prominent absorption band, centred at 520 nm (2.39 eV), is ascribed to the neutral nitrogen-vacancy-hydrogen defect. The defects responsible for the brown colour possess acceptor states that are 1.5 eV from the valence band (VB) edge. The brown colour is removed by heat treatment at 1600 ° C, whereupon new defects possessing shallow (<1 eV) trap states are generated.
A Computationally Designed Hemagglutinin Stem-Binding Protein Provides In Vivo Protection from Influenza Independent of a Host Immune Response (2016)

Broadly neutralizing antibodies targeting a highly conserved region in the hemagglutinin (HA) stem protect against influenza infection. Here, we investigate the protective efficacy of a protein (HB36.6) computationally designed to bind with high affinity to the same region in the HA stem. We show that intranasal delivery of HB36.6 affords protection in mice lethally challenged with diverse strains of influenza independent of Fc-mediated effector functions or a host antiviral immune response. This designed protein prevents infection when given as a single dose of 6.0 mg/kg up to 48 hours before viral challenge and significantly reduces disease when administered as a daily therapeutic after challenge. A single dose of 10.0 mg/kg HB36.6 administered 1-day post-challenge resulted in substantially better protection than 10 doses of oseltamivir administered twice daily for 5 days. Thus, binding of HB36.6 to the influenza HA stem region alone, independent of a host response, is sufficient to reduce viral infection and replication in vivo. These studies demonstrate the potential of computationally designed binding proteins as a new class of antivirals for influenza.
4-element planar MIMO reconfigurable antenna system for cognitive radio applications (2015)

In this paper, 4-element meandered dual mode meandered F-shape reconfigurable multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) antenna is presented. The frequency reconfigurability is achieved using a combination of PIN diodes and varactor diodes. The proposed design is useful as it covers wide frequency bands below 1 GHz. The proposed design is compact and highly suitable to be used in cognitive radio based wireless handheld devices. Isolation enhancement between various antenna elements was achieved using a defected ground plane structure. The two modes cover the frequency bands 743~1240 and 2400 MHz with bandwidth of at-least 60 MHz.
Statistical Copolymerization of Epoxides and Lactones to High Molecular Weight (2017)

Copolymerization provides a modular strategy for compositional control of structure–property relationships in polymeric materials. However, this versatility is typically limited to structurally homologous comonomers. To further expand the scope of copolymerization in heterocyclic systems, we explored the copolymerization of structurally distinct lactones and epoxides utilizing the classical Vandenberg catalyst. Copolymerizations were conducted between monomer pairs selected from among two common lactones (dl-lactide, ε-caprolactone) and four epoxides (epichlorohydrin, butylene oxide, propylene oxide, ethylene oxide). The resultant materials had molecular weights of up to 16 Mg/mol. Reactivity ratios were determined for the copolymerization of dl-lactide and propylene oxide, which were consistent with a gradient copolymer with propylene oxide (PO) being the preferred monomer: rPO = 2.81 ± 0.27 and rLA = 0.36 ± 0.02. The copolymerization between ε-caprolactone and propylene oxide was also monitored by 1H NMR spectroscopy. A greater preference for propylene oxide was evident, but incomplete consumption of the ε-caprolactone under these reaction conditions complicated determination of reactivity ratios. Meyer–Lowry analysis of the time-dependent compositional data provided estimates of rPO = 2.17 ± 0.04 and rCL = 0.08 ± 0.01. Distinct ester–ether dyad signals were observed in the 1H NMR spectra of the copolymers, and thermal properties of the copolymers were distinct from those of the respective pure homopolymers. The expected hydrolytic degradability of poly[(dl-lactide)-co-(ethylene oxide)] was demonstrated under neutral and basic conditions.
Chaotic sequences for noisy environments (2016)

There have been many attempts to apply chaotic signals to communications or radar, but one obstacle has been that there is no effective way to recover chaotic signals from noise larger than the signal. In this work, we create "pseudo-chaotic" signals by concatenating dictionary sequences generated from a chaotic attractor. Because the number of dictionary sequences is finite, these pseudo-chaotic signals are not actually chaotic, but they can still contain some of the desirable properties of chaos. Using dictionary sequences allows the pseudo-chaotic signal to be recovered from noise using a correlation detector and a Viterbi decoder, so the signal can be recovered from noise or interference that is larger than the signal itself.
Kinase-Dependent Differentiation of a Retinal Ganglion Cell Precursor (2005)

This method for producing an RGC-like cell from a proliferating cell line facilitates the following previously impractical techniques: high-throughput screening for agents that are neuroprotective or affect ionic channels; straightforward transduction of gene expression in central neurons by nonviral transfection techniques, including production of stable transfectants; biochemical and other assays of pure RGC-like cells without purification on the basis of cell-surface antigens or anatomic location.
Bacteriophage Lysin CF-301, a Potent Antistaphylococcal Biofilm Agent (2017)

Biofilms pose a unique therapeutic challenge because of the antibiotic tolerance of constituent bacteria. Treatments for biofilm-based infections represent a major unmet medical need, requiring novel agents to eradicate mature biofilms. Our objective was to evaluate bacteriophage lysin CF-301 as a new agent to target <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i> biofilms. We used minimum biofilm-eradicating concentration (MBEC) assays on 95 <i>S. aureus</i> strains to obtain a 90% MBEC (MBEC<sub>90</sub>) value of ≤0.25 μg/ml for CF-301. Mature biofilms of coagulase-negative staphylococci, <i>Streptococcus pyogenes</i>, and <i>Streptococcus agalactiae</i> were also sensitive to disruption, with MBEC<sub>90</sub> values ranging from 0.25 to 8 μg/ml. The potency of CF-301 was demonstrated against <i>S. aureus</i> biofilms formed on polystyrene, glass, surgical mesh, and catheters. In catheters, CF-301 removed all biofilm within 1 h and killed all released bacteria by 6 h. Mixed-species biofilms, formed by <i>S. aureus</i> and <i>Staphylococcus epidermidis</i> on several surfaces, were removed by CF-301, as were <i>S. aureus</i> biofilms either enriched for small-colony variants (SCVs) or grown in human synovial fluid. The antibacterial activity of CF-301 was further demonstrated against <i>S. aureus</i> persister cells in exponential-phase and stationary-phase populations. Finally, the antibiofilm activity of CF-301 was greatly improved in combinations with the cell wall hydrolase lysostaphin when tested against a range of <i>S. aureus</i> strains. In all, the data show that CF-301 is highly effective at disrupting biofilms and killing biofilm bacteria, and, as such, it may be an efficient new agent for treating staphylococcal infections with a biofilm component.
Dark Current and Breakdown Analysis in In(Al)GaAs/InAlAs Superlattice Avalanche Photodiodes (1996)

We studied and compared the reverse-bias characteristics of In(Al)GaAs/InAlAs Superlattice Avalanche Photodiodes (SL-APDs) for three types of different well structures. Dark current characteristics were drastically improved in the InAlGaAs quaternary well structure application, compared with InGaAs wells. In the InAlGaAs quaternary well SL-APDs, we observed, for the first time, a linear relation between dark current and multiplication factor. A multiplied dark current of 2.0×10 -4 A/cm 2 was the lowest values for the SL-APDs. We also confirmed the temperature coefficient of breakdown voltage to be about 3.4×10 -4 K -1 . This small temperature dependence suggests a distinctive SL-APD avalanche mechanism due to the contribution of large conduction band discontinuity.
<title>Automatic technique for localizing externally attached markers in MR and CT volume images of the head</title> (1994)

An image processing technique is presented here for finding centroids of cylindrical fiducial markers attached externally to the human head in CT and MR volume images. The centroids can be used for image registration. The technique, which is fast, automatic, and knowledge-based, has two major steps. First, it searches the whole image volume to find all markerlike objects and gets a position inside each object. We call this position a 'seed' point, and we call the object a candidate marker. Second, it selects the voxels surrounding the seed voxel as marker or non-marker voxels using knowledge-based rules and provides an intensity weighted centroid for each true marker. We call this final centroid the 'fiducial' point of the marker. The technique has been developed on forty-two scans of six patients -- one CT and six MR scans per patient. There were four markers attached to each patient for a total of 168 marker images. On these images the technique exhibits no false positives or false negatives for CT. For MR the false positive rate and the false negative rate are both 1.4%. To evaluate the accuracy of the fiducial points MR-CT registration was performed using geometrical correction for the MR images. The fiducial registration accuracies averaged 0.4 mm and were better that 0.6 mm on each of the eighteen image pairs.
Implementation of High-speed Buffer Management for Asynchronous Variable-length Optical Packet Switch (2010)

We develop an FPGA-based buffer management hardware with 8 input ports, which implements a parallel and pipeline mechanism to support over-200-Mpacket/s/port asynchronous variable-length optical packet switching. Optical buffering for asynchronous variable-length packets is demonstrated.
Self-cancellation full-duplex steerable phased array (2019)

This paper presents a novel concept of beam-steerable full-duplex phased array. The proposed concept is a full phased array, which can achieve over 60dB of self-interference (SI) suppression at receiver front-end between transmit and receive ports over a large scan angle. This method enables possible use of single-stage receiver cancellation in full-duplex transmission scheme to achieve over 100dB of transmit-receive port isolation. The proposed full-duplex concept is made possible by using a metasurface to transform aperture field distribution of a planar phased array operating with high degrees of linearly progressive phase shift.
Fast Unsupervised MRI Reconstruction Without Fully-Sampled Ground Truth Data Using Generative Adversarial Networks (2021)

Most deep learning (DL) magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) reconstruction approaches rely on supervised training algorithms, which require access to high-quality, fully-sampled ground truth datasets. In MRI, acquiring fully-sampled data is time-consuming, expensive, and, in some cases, impossible due to limitations on data acquisition speed. We present a DL framework for MRI reconstruction that does not require any fully-sampled data using unsupervised generative adversarial networks. We test our proposed method on 2D knee MRI data and 2D+time abdominal dynamic contrast enhanced (DCE) MRI data. In the DCE-MRI dataset, as is the case with many dynamic MRI sequences, ground truth was not possible to acquire and therefore, supervised DL reconstruction was not feasible. We show that our unsupervised method produces reconstructions which are better than compressed sensing in terms of image metrics and the recovery of anatomical structure, with faster inference time. In contrast to most deep learning reconstruction techniques, which are supervised, this method does not need any fully-sampled data. With the proposed method, accelerated imaging and accurate reconstruction can be performed in applications in cases where fully-sampled datasets are difficult to obtain or unavailable.
Low-Dissipation Silicon Tuning Fork Gyroscopes for Rate and Whole Angle Measurements (2011)

We report a new family of ultra high- Q silicon microelectromechanical systems (MEMS) tuning fork gyroscopes demonstrating angular rate and, for the first time, rate integrating (whole angle) operation. The novel mechanical architecture maximizes the Q-factor and minimizes frequency and damping mismatches. We demonstrated the vacuum packaged SOI dual and quadruple mass gyroscopes with Q-factors of 0.64 and 0.86 million at 2 kHz operational frequency, respectively. Due to the stiffness and damping symmetry, the quadruple mass gyroscope was instrumented to measure the angle of rotation directly, eliminating the bandwidth and dynamic range limitations of conventional MEMS vibratory rate gyroscopes. The technology may enable silicon micromachined devices for inertial guidance applications previously limited to precision-machined quartz hemispherical resonator gyroscopes.
Explore physical origins of resistance drift in phase change memory and its implication for drift-insensitive materials (2011)

In this paper, we developed a theory to explain the physical origins of drift mechanism in amorphous Germanium (Ge), antimony (Sb), and tellurium (Te) ternary alloys (GST). The interrelationship between atomic structure and electrical characteristics were extensively studied by first principle ab initio method and material/device characterization. The proposed method provides an effective guidance to develop drift-insensitive phase change material.
Inhibition of Preadipocyte Differentiation by Germacranolides from<i>Calea urticifolia</i>in 3T3-L1 Cells (2005)

The effects of germacranolides isolated from Calea urticifolia on adipocytic differentiation of 3T3-L1 cells were examined. These germacranolides inhibited adipogenesis at a concentration of 1.25–5 μM. But no inhibitory activity against cell proliferation and no nonspecific binding activity to protein were observed. These results indicate that these germacranolides are the specific inhibitors of preadipocyte differentiation.
Multi-photon detection using a conventional superconducting nanowire single-photon detector (2017)

We present the first evidence of multi-photon detection using a conventional superconducting nanowire single-photon detector, indicating number resolution up to four photons. The observed multi-photon detection statistics are consistent with the predictions of our model.
Electro-optical detector to improve sensitivity of a focal-plane mass spectrometer (1975)

Wedge-shaped microchannel electron multiplier array has been proposed to improve sensitivity of focal-plane mass spectrometer by two to four orders of magnitude.
912 Development of a multiphase flowmeter by means of Ultrasonic Velocity Profiling(2) (2007)

In this paper the liquid phase velocity and gas-liquid interface information obtained from UVP measurements are used to estimate the flowrate in a multiphase flow pipeline. The interface is found two different approaches ; by locating the maximum echo intensity at every velocity profile and by finding the maximum variance of the velocity values. The results from the echo intensity method show very good agreement with the actual flowrate. The expected average difference between the flowrate predicted by the echo intensity method and the actual flowrate is ± 5%. That between the variance of the velocity values method and the actual flowrate is -19 to 22 %.
An Investigation of Phone-Based Subword Units for End-to-End Speech Recognition (2020)

Phones and their context-dependent variants have been the standard modeling units for conventional speech recognition systems, while characters and subwords have demonstrated their effectiveness for end-to-end recognition systems.We investigate the use of phone-based subwords, in particular, byte pair encoder (BPE), as modeling units for end-to-end speech recognition.In addition, we also developed multi-level language model-based decoding algorithms based on a pronunciation dictionary.Besides the use of the lexicon, which is easily available, our system avoids the need of additional expert knowledge or processing steps from conventional systems.Experimental results show that phone-based BPEs tend to yield more accurate recognition systems than the character-based counterpart.In addition, further improvement can be obtained with a novel one-pass joint beam search decoder, which efficiently combines phone-and character-based BPE systems.For Switchboard, our phone-based BPE system achieves 6.8%/14.4% word error rate (WER) on the Switchboard/CallHome portion of the test set while joint decoding achieves 6.3%/13.3%WER.On Fisher + Switchboard, joint decoding leads to 4.9%/9.5% WER, setting new milestones for telephony speech recognition.