gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Thromboycytopenia in Pregnancy (2010)

Dr. Brass is Instructor, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Academic Office Building, 12631 E. 17th Avenue, P.O. Box 6511, MS B-198-5, Aurora, CO 80045; E-mail: [email protected]. The author has disclosed that she and her spouse/life partner (if any) have no significant relationships with or financial interests in any commercial organizations pertaining to this educational activity. All editors and staff in a position to control the content of this CME activity and their spouses/life partners (if any) have disclosed that they have no financial relationships with, or financial interests in, any commercial companies pertaining to this educational activity. Lippincott Continuing Medical Education Institute, Inc., is accredited by the Accreditation Council for Continuing Medical Education to provide continuing medical education for physicians. Lippincott Continuing Medical Education Institute, Inc., designates this educational activity for a maximum of 1.5 AMA PRA Category 1 Credits™. Physicians should only claim credit commensurate with the extent of their participation in the activity. To earn CME credit, you must read the CME article and complete the quiz and evaluation on the enclosed answer form, answering at least seven of the 10 quiz questions correctly. This activity expires on February 27, 2011.
Automatic error elimination by horizontal code transfer across multiple applications (2015)

We present Code Phage (CP), a system for automatically transferring correct code from donor applications into recipient applications that process the same inputs to successfully eliminate errors in the recipient. Experimental results using seven donor applications to eliminate ten errors in seven recipient applications highlight the ability of CP to transfer code across applications to eliminate out of bounds access, integer overflow, and divide by zero errors. Because CP works with binary donors with no need for source code or symbolic information, it supports a wide range of use cases. To the best of our knowledge, CP is the first system to automatically transfer code across multiple applications.
Ship Target Detection Algorithm for Maritime Surveillance Video Based on Gaussian Mixture Model (2018)

The paper presents a vessel target detection algorithm to achieve the maritime visual surveillance, which aims to reduce the influence of clutter that exists in the background and improve the reliability of ship target detection. In the proposed detector, the main steps including background modeling, model training and updating and the segmentation of foreground, are all based on Guassian Mixture Model (GMM). By exploiting the characteristics of GMM, we simply determine whether new pixels, in the video, belong to the foreground. Having modeled surveillance region, we roll out the moving ship detection using background subtraction, segmenting the ship target by the continuity of the adjacent frames. The target precision rate of the algorithm is 97.29% and the false alarm probability is 22.83% in the experiments. Comparing with other algorithms, the results show that this algorithm can not only improve target precision rate, but also reduce false alarm probability, and greatly overcome the influence of large amount of clutter on the detection of moving ship objects in video background, effectively restraining the influence of the noise from the dynamic scenario transformation.
A Unified Approach to Validation, Reliability, and Education Study Design for Surgical Technical Skills Training (2010)

While validation of the individual simulation tools is important, it is only one piece of a multimodal curriculum that in and of itself deserves examination and study. We propose concurrent validation throughout the design of simulation-based curriculum rather than once it is complete. We embrace the concept that validity and curriculum development are interdependent, ongoing processes that are never truly complete. Individual predictive, construct, content, and face validity aspects should not be considered separately but as interdependent and complementary toward an end application. Such an approach could help guide our acceptance and appropriate application of these exciting new training and assessment tools for technical skills training in medicine.
Observation of shock wave elimination by a plasma in a Mach-2.5 flow (2000)

An experimental study on the influence of a plasma on the structure of an attached conical shock front appearing at the front end of a missile-shaped model has been carried out in a Mach-2.5 flow. The tip and the body of the model are designed as the cathode and anode for gaseous discharge, which produces a spraylike plasma moving around the tip. It is observed that the plasma has caused the shock front to separate from the model. The shock wave moves upstream in the form of a detached bow shock a sensible distance away from the model tip. The detached shock front appears to be highly dispersed in its new location as seen in the shadow video graphs of the flow. As the discharge current increases, experimental evidence shown in the video further reveals a distinct state of the flow without the presence of any shock wave.
Efficiency estimation of liquid‐liquid Hydrocyclones using trajectory analysis (1995)

Abstract As the use of hydrocyclones for liquid‐liquid separation becomes increasingly common, the need for a satisfactory method to assess their efficiency increases. Curerntly available efficiency theories were developed for liquid‐solid separations, based on the velocity distributions inside a hydrocyclone. These theories, however, appear less suitable for emulsions where the dispersed phase is slightly lighter than the continuous phase, such as oil/water emulsions. An efficiency computation based on the analysis of the trajectories of the droplets is presented. Trajectories are characterized through a differential equation combining models for the three bulk velocity distributions (axial, radial, and tangential) and the settling velocity defined by Stokes' law. From the critical trajectory and given operating conditions, a characteristic droplet diameter d 100 can be deduced that corresponds to the smallest droplet with a 100% efficiency. Other efficiencies are obtained by changing the initial condition for the trajectory equation. The efficiency result of different hydrocyclone configurations are compared with experimental results, and residual emulsion distributions are estimated.
Cloning of a Gene for a Novel Epithelium-specific Cytosolic Phospholipase A2, cPLA2δ, Induced in Psoriatic Skin (2004)

Psoriasis is a common skin disease characterized by hyperplastic regenerative epidermal growth and infiltration of immunocytes. The etiology of psoriasis is unknown, although several genetic and cellular factors have been elucidated. To find new psoriasis-related genes, we have cloned cDNAs that are differentially expressed between normal and psoriatic skins. Among these clones, we have identified a new gene that codes for a new member of the type IV cytosolic phospholipase A(2) (cPLA(2)) family. We refer to this gene as cPLA(2)delta. It encodes a polypeptide of 818 amino acids that has significant homology with known cPLA(2) proteins in the C2 and catalytic domains. The cPLA(2)delta gene was mapped to the 15q13-14 chromosomal locus, near to the locus of the cPLA(2)beta gene, from which it is separated by a physical distance of about 220 kb. To identify the phospholipase A(2) activity of cPLA(2)delta, we transfected COS-7 cells with His-tagged cPLA(2)delta. The cell lysate from these cells had calcium-dependent phospholipase A(2) activity. Northern blot analysis revealed that a cPLA(2)delta transcript of about 4 kb is expressed in stratified squamous epithelia, such as those in skin and cervix, but not in other tissues. In situ hybridization and immunohistochemistry revealed that cPLA(2)delta is expressed strongly in the upper spinous layer of the psoriatic epidermis, expressed weakly and discontinuously in atopic dermatitis and mycosis fungoides, and not detected in the epidermis of normal skin; cPLA(2)alpha is not detected in either normal or psoriatic skin. These results suggest that cPLA(2)delta exhibits a unique distribution pattern compared with that of known cPLA(2) subtypes, and it may play a critical role in inflammation in psoriatic lesions.
Real-Time Embedded Multithreading Using ThreadX and MIPS (2019)

Real-Time Embedded Multithreading contains the fundamentals of developing real-time operating systems and multithreading with all the new functionality of ThreadX Version 5. This MIPS edition covers all the new ThreadX 5 features including Real-Time Event-Chaining, Run-Time Performance Metrics, and Run-Time Statck Analysis as specified for MIPS. ThreadX has been deployed in approximately 500 million devices worldwide including cell phones, digital cameras, and laser printers. General concepts and terminology are detailed along with problem solving of common pitfalls. The features and services of ThreadX are reviewed. The book is technology agnostic and applicable to all types of microprocessors. *A great introduction to real-time systems including general concepts and terminology*An insider shares his knowledge on ThreadX 5, a real-time operating system*A limited version of the ThreadX 5 software is packaged on a CD-ROM with the bookto run all sample projects and the case study
Three-Dimensional Structures of Aspartate Aminotransferase from Escherichia coli and Its Mutant Enzyme at 2.5 Å Resolution (1990)

The structure of Escherichia coli aspartate aminotransferase complex with the inhibitor 2-methylaspartate, and that of the mutant enzyme in which an arginine was substituted for a lysine residue thereby forming a Schiff base with the coenzyme pyridoxal 5'-phosphate, were determined at 2.5 A resolution, by the molecular replacement method using the known structure of pig cytosolic aspartate aminotransferase. The enzyme catalyzes the reversible transamination between L-aspartate and alpha-ketoglutarate, and forms a dimeric structure of two identical subunits. Each subunit comprises two domains, a small and a large one. Although, in general, the overall and secondary structure of E. coli enzyme are similar to those of higher animals, some differences of enzymatic action between the enzyme from E. coli and those from higher animals could be explained on the basis of the X-ray structures and molecular mechanics calculation based on them.
Cobalt reverses vanadate inhibition of rat kidney alkaline phosphatase (2008)

Vanadate ion (VO43-) is an established inhibitor of alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and inorganic phosphate transport across biologic membranes. The concentration-dependent effects of Co2+ and VO43- on rat kidney ALP activity were carried out over a range of 3.33 – 25.67 mM p–NPP concentrations. The investigation revealed Co2+ as an activator of rat kidney ALP, while vanadate inhibited the enzyme. The activatory effect of cobalt ion on ALP was compared with that of magnesium ion when vanadate-inhibited ALP was exposed to both cobalt and magnesium ions at both 2 and 4 mM concentrations. The results revealed that cobalt ion at these concentrations significantly reversed (P < 0.05) vanadate inhibition of rat kidney ALP activity while magnesium ion was significantly deficient (P < 0.05) in this regard. In the light of the foregoing, cobalt may be a better activator of rat kidney ALP in the presence of inhibitors of ALP. This reversal of ALP inhibition by Co2+could be employed as a protector with a potential physiological relevance in cells.

	 

	Key words: Cobalt, vanadate inhibition, alkaline phosphatase.
Increased expression of OCIA domain containing 2 during stepwise progression of ovarian mucinous tumor (2012)

Ovarian cancer immunoreactive antigen domain containing 2 (OCIAD2) has been reported to show cancer-specific expression in early invasive lung adenocarcinoma. OCIAD2 shows high homology with OCIAD1, which was originally immunoscreened from ascites of a patient with ovarian cancer and found to be a tumor-specific protein. Therefore, like OCIAD1, OCIAD2 is expected to show high immunoreactivity in ovarian tumors. In this study, we examined the expression pattern of OCIAD2 in 117 ovarian mucinous tumors, and confirmed that it was more highly expressed in borderline tumor and carcinoma (51/74 cases, 69%) than in adenoma (6/43 cases, 14%). The immunoreactivity of OCIAD2 in borderline tumor and carcinoma was more specific than that of OCIAD1 (adenoma, 21/43 cases, 49%), and more sensitive than that of CEA (borderline tumor and carcinoma, 35/74 cases, 47%). Like OCIAD1, OCIAD2 is a cancer-related protein and its expression level increases during the course of malignant progression and is thought to be a very useful marker for evaluating the malignancy of ovarian mucinous tumors.
The Effect of Low-Level Laser in Knee Osteoarthritis: A Double-Blind, Randomized, Placebo-Controlled Trial (2009)

Our results show that LLLT reduces pain in KOA and improves microcirculation in the irradiated area.
Ultrathin Gold Island Films on Silanized Glass. Morphology and Optical Properties (2004)

Evaporated gold island films have been the subject of studies dealing with a variety of spectroscopic and sensing applications. Development of these and other applications requires film stability as well as tunability of the morphology and optical properties of the island films. In the present work, ultrathin, island-type gold films were prepared by evaporation of 1.0−15.0 nm (nominal thickness) gold at a rate of 0.005−0.012 nm s-1 onto glass substrates modified with 3-mercaptopropyl trimethoxysilane (MPTS), the latter used to improve the Au adhesion to the glass. The morphology of the films, either unannealed or annealed (20 h at 200 °C), was studied using atomic force microscopy (AFM) and high-resolution scanning electron microscopy (HR-SEM). The information provided by the two imaging techniques is complementary, giving a good estimate of the shape of the islands and its variation with film thickness and annealing. The optical properties of the films were examined using transmission UV−vis spectroscopy, showing a strong dependence of the localized Au surface plasmon (SP) band on the morphology of the island films. The imaging and spectroscopy indicate a gradual transition from isolated islands to a continuous film upon increasing the Au thickness.
Metallorganische Verbindungen der Lanthanoide, 91<sup>[1]</sup> Carben‐Addukte des zweiwertigen Samariums und Ytterbiums (1994)

Organometallic Compounds of the Lanthanides, 91 [1] . ‐ Carbene Complexes of Divalent Samarium and Ytterbium (Imidazol‐2‐ylidene)lanthanide adducts (C 5 Me 4 Et) 2 Sm–CN‐( i Pr)CMeCMeN( i Pr) ( 5b ), (C 5 Me 5 ) 2 Yb–CN(Me)CMeCMeN(Me) ( 6a ), (C 5 Me 5 ) 2 Yb–CN( i Pr)CMeCMeN( i Pr) ( 6b ), and (C 5 H 3 t Bu 2 ) 2 Yb–CN(Me)CMeCMeN(Me) ( 7a ) are obtained from 1,3,4,5‐tetramethyl‐imidazol‐2‐ylidene ( 4a ) or 1,4‐diisopropyl‐2,3‐dimethylimidazol‐2‐ylidene ( 4b ) and (C 5 Me 4 Et) 2 Sm(THF) ( 1 ), (C 5 Me 5 ) 2 Yb(THF) ( 2 ), or (C 5 H 3 ‐ t Bu 2 ) 2 Yb(THF) ( 3 ). The molecular structure of the ytterbium carbene complex 7a has been determined by X‐ray diffraction.
Mining related queries from search engine query logs (2006)

In this work we propose a method that retrieves a list of related queries given an initial input query. The related queries are based on the query log of previously issued queries by human users, which can be discovered using our improved association rule mining model. Users can use the suggested related queries to tune or redirect the search process. Our method not only discovers the related queries, but also ranks them according to the degree of their relatedness. Unlike many other rival techniques, it exploits only limited query log information and performs relatively better on queries in all frequency divisions.
Photogeneration and Decay of Charge Carriers in Hybrid Bulk Heterojunctions of ZnO Nanoparticles and Conjugated Polymers (2006)

The photogeneration and decay of charge carriers in blend films of ZnO nanoparticles (diameter 5 nm) and poly[2-methoxy-5-(3',7'-dimethyloctyloxy)-1,4-phenylenevinylene] (MDMO-PPV) or poly(3-hexylthiophene) (P3HT) were studied by means of microwave-photoconductance measurements. Excitation of the polymer in the visible spectrum was found to lead to a transient photoconductance due to dissociation of excitons at the interface between ZnO and the conjugated polymer. From the similar decay kinetics of the photoconductance and the effects of UV illumination, it is concluded that the measured photoconductance is due to electrons in ZnO. Increasing the weight fraction of ZnO in the blend films leads to a higher photoconductance. This is attributed to enhanced formation of mobile electrons by interfacial dissociation of excitons at clusters of ZnO nanoparticles rather than at individual nanoparticles. The dependence of the photoconductance on the weight fraction of ZnO is found to be different for ZnO:MDMO-PPV and ZnO:P3HT blends. This is most likely due to the presence of a smaller number of relatively large ZnO clusters in ZnO:P3HT blends and a shorter exciton diffusion length, as compared with ZnO:MDMO-PPV blends. After exposure of the blend films to UV light, a significant increase in the magnitude and the lifetime of the photoconductance is observed. This is explained in terms of the filling of electron traps in ZnO by UV exposure.
A novel surface modification method to achieve low impedance neural microelectrode arrays (2011)

Advances in neuroprostheses are strongly dependent on the development of microelectrodes with an enhanced ability to selectively record or stimulate neural signals. Selectivity for a microelectrode depends on its ability to interact with a small number of neurons and/or nerve fibers. In order to achieve selective electrical transduction, the surface area of active site should be on the order of tens of micrometers. However, as the area of the electrode decreases, the electrode impedance increases, which in turn affects the recording/stimulating characteristics (sensitivity). Thus there is a trade-off between selectivity and sensitivity. One option to overcome this trade-off is by generating a large functional active area without increasing the geometrical surface area (GSA) of the electrodes. This paper for the first time reports a novel method of using a combination of SF <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">6</sub> and O <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> based reactive ion etching (RIE), to modify the surface of electrodes tip, in order to increase the RSA without increasing the GSA. The study demonstrates that by altering the surface morphology of the electrode tips, the impedance can be lowered significantly. The optimum etching power was 250 W which yielded mechanically robust, high charge storage capacity (CSC), and low electrochemical impedance surface.
Deletion of the <i>App-Runx1</i> region in mice models human partial monosomy 21 (2015)

Partial monosomy 21 (PM21) is a rare chromosomal abnormality that is characterized by the loss of a variable segment along human chromosome 21 (Hsa21). The clinical phenotypes of this loss are heterogeneous and range from mild alterations to lethal consequences, depending on the affected region of Hsa21. The most common features include intellectual disabilities, craniofacial dysmorphology, short stature, and muscular and cardiac defects. As a complement to human genetic approaches, our team has developed new monosomic mouse models that carry deletions on Hsa21 syntenic regions in order to identify the dosage-sensitive genes that are responsible for the symptoms. We focus here on the Ms5Yah mouse model, in which a 7.7-Mb region has been deleted from the App to Runx1 genes. Ms5Yah mice display high postnatal lethality, with a few surviving individuals showing growth retardation, motor coordination deficits, and spatial learning and memory impairments. Further studies confirmed a gene dosage effect in the Ms5Yah hippocampus, and pinpointed disruptions of pathways related to cell adhesion (involving App, Cntnap5b, Lgals3bp, Mag, Mcam, Npnt, Pcdhb2, Pcdhb3, Pcdhb4, Pcdhb6, Pcdhb7, Pcdhb8, Pcdhb16 and Vwf). Our PM21 mouse model is the first to display morphological abnormalities and behavioural phenotypes similar to those found in affected humans, and it therefore demonstrates the major contribution that the App-Runx1 region has in the pathophysiology of PM21.
Involvement of Rho and p38 MAPK in Endothelin-1-Induced Expression of PGHS-2 mRNA in Osteoblast-Like Cells (2002)

Prostaglandins (PGs) play an important role in bone remodeling because eicosanoids are local mediators of bone metabolism, which can induce physiological and pathological responses of bone tissue. Biosynthesis of PGs is catalyzed by constitutively expressed PG endoperoxide G/H synthase (PGHS) 1 and by the inducible isoform PGHS-2. In MC3T3-E1 osteoblast-like cells, expression of PGHS-2 was shown by mechanical forces, cytokines, growth factors, and hormones. Recently, endothelin (ET) 1-stimulated PGHS-2 mRNA expression was described, leading to a burst in prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) production. In this study, we investigated ET-1-induced signal transduction pathway(s) involved in the PGHS-2 mRNA production. Time course of PGHS-2 mRNA expression reaching the maximum within 45 minutes is in good agreement with the concept of an immediate early gene product. Inhibition of phospholipase C (PLC), phospholipase D (PLD), phosphatidylinositol-3 kinase (PI-3-kinase), and protein kinase C (PKC) had no influence on PGHS-2 synthesis. Using specific blockers of tyrosine kinases indicated involvement of p38 MAPK but not p42/44 MAPK. By preloading cells with exoenzyme C3, we were able to show requirement of the Rho family of G proteins for p38 MAPK phosphorylation and PGHS-2 mRNA synthesis, whereas pertussis toxin (PTX) and cholera toxin (CTX) had no remarkable effect.
Economic justification of Virtual Commissioning in automation industry (2016)

Virtual Commissioning (VC) is the latest trend in automation assembly. VC offers, among other benefits such as product quality improvement, promises a great reduction in the system ramp-up time, and a resulting shortening of the product's time to market. This paper presents an approach to economic justification of VC application by considering and evaluating its tangible and intangible costs and benefits through case studies and applying Fuzzy Analytic Hierarchy Process (FAHP). The results of this research are useful for justifying emulation efforts such as VC in almost any automation business which requires warehouses, manufacturing or production, assembly, distribution centers, or handling of mails, cargo, and baggage.
β-Cell Hyperplasia Induced by Hepatic Insulin Resistance (2009)

Our studies of iLIRKO mice suggest a liver-pancreas endocrine axis in which IGF-1 functions as a liver-derived growth factor to promote compensatory pancreatic islet hyperplasia through IR-A.