gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Adenosines as preventive preparations of post-traumatic epilepsy (1995)

As oxidation of neural membranes by reactive oxygen species (ROS), especially hydroxyl radicals (·OH), is involved in the biochemical pathogenesis of post-traumatic epilepsy, posttraumatic epilepsy is thought to be prevented by treatment with ROS scavengers. In the present study, I first examined the effects of adenosine (Ado), 2-chloroadenosine (Cl-Ado) and guanosine on ·OH and superoxide anion (O-2), generated by the Fenton reagent and the hypoxanthine-xanthine oxidase system, respectively, using electron spin resonance spectrometry. I also examined the effects of Ado and Cl-Ado on the occurrence of epileptic discharges on the electrocorticogram (ECoG) induced by FeCl3 injection (500nmol) into the sensorimotor cortex of rats, i.e., a model of an experimental post-traumatic epilepsy.Although O-2 was not scavenged, ·OH were scavenged by Ado and Cl-Ado dose-dependently. The scavenging activity of Ado was 4 times stronger than that of Cl-Ado. On the ECoG of rats given FeCl3, sporadic spike discharges, polyspikes and/or ictal patterns started to be observed 15-90 min after the injection. Epileptic discharges did not appear or their occurrence was delayed by the intraperitoneal injection of Ado (5mg/kg) or Cl-Ado (1mg/kg) 30 min prior to the FeCl3 injection, although Cl-Ado showed a chronotropic action. Thus Ado and Cl-Ado may be useful in the prevention and the attenuation of progression of post-traumatic epilepsy by scavenging ·OH and by their anticonvulsant effect.
Program Slicing Techniques and its Applications (2011)

integration, cohesion measurement, re-engineering, maintenance, testing where it is useful to be able to focus on relevant parts of large programs. This paper focuses on the various slicing techniques (not limited to) like static slicing, quasi static slicing, dynamic slicing and conditional slicing. This paper also includes various methods in performing the slicing like forward slicing, backward slicing, syntactic slicing and semantic slicing. The slicing of a program is carried out using Java which is a object oriented programming language.
Efficient Oxidative Cleavage of Olefins to Carboxylic Acids with Hydrogen Peroxide Catalyzed by Methyltrioctylammonium Tetrakis(oxodiperoxotungsto)phosphate(3−) under Two-Phase Conditions. Synthetic Aspects and Investigation of the Reaction Course (1998)

The oxidative cleavage of alkenes to carboxylic acids with 40% w/v aqueous hydrogen peroxide catalyzed by methyltrioctylammonium tetrakis(oxodiperoxotungsto)phosphate(3-) (Ia) is reported to occur in high yields and selectivities under two-phase conditions in the absence of organic solvents. On the basis of a study of the reaction, two main reaction pathways leading to acids have been recognized, the first one involving the perhydrolysis and the second one the hydrolysis of the epoxide initially formed. The "perhydrolytic" reaction pathway appears to play a primary role in the oxidation of medium- and long-chain alkenes to acids, while it intervenes to a rather limited extent in the oxidation of arylalkenes and C(5)-C(7) cycloalkenes. The occurrence of this pathway has been proved by the isolation of the intermediate beta-hydroperoxy alcohols and their transformation into acids with H(2)O(2) and Ia. The course of this transformation, involving an initial oxidation (to alpha-oxo hydroperoxide) or decomposition (to carbonyl compounds) of the beta-hydroperoxy alcohol intermediate, is described. The primary oxidation products, alpha-hydroperoxy ketones, have been isolated in the case of internal beta-hydroperoxy alcohols, whereas their presence has been evidenced with terminal beta-hydroperoxy alcohols bearing a secondary hydroxy group. Hydrogen peroxide concentration appears to exert a remarkable influence on medium acidity, and its effects on the reaction efficiency are shown.
A unified approach to partitioning and placement (VLSI layout) (1991)

Using a geometrical model and a matrix inner product technique, it is demonstrated that partitioning and placement are mathematically equivalent. Depending on whether the cost measure is based on Manhattan or Euclidean square distance, either a linear programming or a quadratic programming approach can be applied for solutions of both problems. Two general algorithms based on quadratic programming are discussed in detail. The first algorithm is based on eigenvector decomposition, applicable for designs in which all modules are movable. The eigenvector approach gradually reduces the search space and hence reaches the global optimum in an effective way. The second approach, based on solving linear equations, is very efficient in terms of memory usage and run time and gives excellent results for two-way partitioning. It is especially useful for high-complexity circuit layout that has some input/output pads fixed around the chip boundary, since it takes care of the inherent sparsity. An efficient algorithm has been developed and applied for high-complexity VLSI designs.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Identifying unique devices through wireless fingerprinting (2008)

We propose a new fingerprinting technique that differentiates between unique devices over a Wireless Local Area Network (WLAN) simply through the timing analysis of 802.11 probe request frames. Our technique can be applied to spoof detection, network reconnaissance, and implementation of access control against masquerading attacks. Experimental results indicate that our technique is consistent and accurate in differentiating between unique devices. In contrast with existing wireless fingerprinting techniques, our technique is passive, non-invasive and does not require the co-operation of fingerprintee hosts.
Glyoxylates as Versatile Building Blocks for the Synthesis of α‐Amino Acid and α‐Alkoxy Acid Derivatives via Cationic Intermediates (2003)

Abstract Glyoxylic acid and its derivatives are versatile ester‐substituted aldehyde equivalents that can be used efficiently to generate precursors for reactive cationic intermediates such as iminium ions, N ‐acyliminium ions, N ‐sulfonyliminium ions, and oxycarbenium ions. These intermediates have been extensively used for the synthesis of (cyclic) α‐amino acid and α‐alkoxyester derivatives. The research presented in this review is largely dedicated to the evaluation of the scope and limitations of glyoxylate‐derived cationic intermediates in intra‐ and intermolecular reactions with suitable nucleophiles. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2003)
Zn/MnO<sub>2</sub> Battery Chemistry With H<sup>+</sup> and Zn<sup>2+</sup> Coinsertion (2017)

Rechargeable aqueous Zn/MnO<sub>2</sub> battery chemistry in a neutral or mildly acidic electrolyte has attracted extensive attention recently because all the components (anode, cathode, and electrolyte) in a Zn/MnO<sub>2</sub> battery are safe, abundant, and sustainable. However, the reaction mechanism of the MnO<sub>2</sub> cathode remains a topic of discussion. Herein, we design a highly reversible aqueous Zn/MnO<sub>2</sub> battery where the binder-free MnO<sub>2</sub> cathode was fabricated by in situ electrodeposition of MnO<sub>2</sub> on carbon fiber paper in mild acidic ZnSO<sub>4</sub>+MnSO<sub>4</sub> electrolyte. Electrochemical and structural analysis identify that the MnO<sub>2</sub> cathode experience a consequent H<sup>+</sup> and Zn<sup>2+</sup> insertion/extraction process with high reversibility and cycling stability. To our best knowledge, it is the first report on rechargeable aqueous batteries with a consequent ion-insertion reaction mechanism.
User-centric content negotiation for effective adaptation service in mobile computing (2003)

We address the challenges of building a good content adaptation service for mobile devices and propose a decision engine that is user-centric with QoS awareness, which can automatically negotiate for the appropriate adaptation decision to use in the synthesis of an optimal adapted version. The QoS-sensitive approach complements the lossy nature of the transcoding operations. The decision engine will look for the best trade off among various parameters in order to reduce the loss of quality in various domains. Quantitative methods are suggested to measure the QoS of the content versions in various quality domains. Based on the particular user perception and other contextual information on the client capability, the network connection, and the requested content, the proposed negotiation algorithm will determine a content version with a good aggregate score. We have built a prototype document adaptation system for PDF documents to demonstrate the viability of our approach.
Astrocytoma risk related to job exposure to electric and magnetic fields (1991)

To investigate the association between occupational exposure to low-frequency electric and magnetic (EM) fields and risk of brain tumors, a study was performed in Los Angeles County on 272 male adults with primary intracranial gliomas or meningiomas and 272 neighborhood controls. Complete occupational histories were collected. Risk associated with employment for more than 10 years in jobs that are presumed to entail exposure to EM fields was computed for various histological groupings. A nonsignificantly elevated risk of 1.7 was found for gliomas (all types pooled: 95% confidence interval 0.7-4.4), and a nonsignificantly reduced risk of 0.3 (95% confidence interval 0.03-3.2) was found for meningiomas. For astrocytomas, which form a subtype of the gliomas, a significantly elevated risk of 10.3 (95% confidence interval 1.3-80.8) was found; a significant upward trend (P = .01) of tumor incidence with increasing length of employment was observed. Most astrocytoma patients who worked in occupations involving exposure to EM fields were electricians or electrical engineers.
Buccoadhesive films for once-a-day administration of rivastigmine: systematic formulation development and pharmacokinetic evaluation (2012)

Besides unraveling the polymer synergism, the study helped in developing an optimal once-a-day buccoadhesive drug delivery system exhibiting excellent trans-buccal permeation and buccoadhesive characteristics with improved bioavailability potential.
Thrombin Increases Lung Fibroblast Survival while Promoting Alveolar Epithelial Cell Apoptosis via the Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress Marker, CCAAT Enhancer–Binding Homologous Protein (2013)

Apoptosis of alveolar epithelial cells (AECs) and survival of lung fibroblasts are critical events in the pathogenesis of pulmonary fibrosis; however, mechanisms underlying the apoptosis of AECs and the resistance of lung fibroblasts to apoptosis remain obscure. Herein, we demonstrate that the fate of these two cell types depends on the expression of CCAAT enhancer-binding homologous protein (CHOP). We observed that thrombin, which is overexpressed in scleroderma (SSc; systemic sclerosis) and other interstitial lung diseases (ILDs), increases the expression of CHOP in primary AECs and in A549 cells via an Ets1-dependent pathway. In addition, thrombin activates caspase-3 in AECs and induces apoptosis of these cells in a CHOP-dependent manner. In contrast, thrombin decreases endoplasmic reticulum stress-induced CHOP in lung fibroblasts through Myc-dependent mechanisms and protects such cells from apoptosis. Furthermore, when lung fibroblasts are transfected with recombinant CHOP, they then undergo apoptosis, even in the presence of thrombin, suggesting that CHOP signaling pathways are downstream of thrombin. In accordance with the differential effects of thrombin on AECs and lung fibroblasts, we observed strong expression of CHOP in AECs in fibrotic lung tissue isolated from patients with SSc-associated ILD (SSc-ILD), but not in lung myofibroblasts nor in normal lung tissue. Expression of CHOP in SSc lung is accompanied by positive staining for the thrombin receptor, protease-activated receptor-1, and for terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick end labeling, suggesting roles for both thrombin and CHOP in AEC apoptosis in SSc-ILD. We conclude that regulation of CHOP by thrombin directs AECs toward apoptosis while promoting survival of lung fibroblasts, ultimately contributing to the persistent fibroproliferation seen in SSc-ILD and other fibrosing lung diseases.
Expression of Neprilysin in Skeletal Muscle Reduces Amyloid Burden in a Transgenic Mouse Model of Alzheimer Disease (2009)

Neprilysin (NEP) is a zinc metallopeptidase that efficiently degrades the amyloid beta (Abeta) peptides believed to be involved in the etiology of Alzheimer disease (AD). The focus of this study was to develop a new and tractable therapeutic approach for treating AD using NEP gene therapy. We have introduced adeno-associated virus (AAV) expressing the mouse NEP gene into the hindlimb muscle of 6-month-old human amyloid precursor protein (hAPP) (3X-Tg-AD) mice, an age which correlates with early stage AD. Overexpression of NEP in muscle decreased brain soluble Abeta peptide levels by approximately 60% and decreased amyloid deposits by approximately 50%, with no apparent adverse effects. Expression of NEP on muscle did not affect the levels of a number of other physiological peptides known to be in vitro substrates. These findings demonstrate that peripheral expression of NEP and likely other peptidases represents an alternative to direct administration into brain and illustrates the potential for using NEP expression in muscle for the prevention and treatment of AD.
Sacral Anterior Root Stimulation for Bladder Control: Clinical Results (1999)

The Brindley bladder stimulator delivers intermittent stimulation to the anterior sacral roots. The stimulus parameters can be adjusted and set specifically for individuals. Its primary purpose is to improve bladder emptying, thereby to eliminate urinary infection and to preserve kidney function. It also assists in defecation and enables male patients to have a sustained full erection. In our unit so far 38 patients with a complete spinal cord lesion have received a Brindley bladder stimulator implant. One patient died 2 weeks after the surgery due to pulmonary embolism. Two other patients died due to unrelated causes during the follow up period. They used their implants for less than 1 year. Results relating to these 2 patients and the remaining 35 patients who regularly use their implant are presented. The follow-up period ranged from 3 months to 12 years. Residual urine volumes are substantially reduced in all patients; in 24 patients the residual urine volume is less than 30 ml. All patients have increased bladder capacity. Thirty-one patients are continent. Out of 33 males 29 can achieve a sustained full erection using the stimulator. Twenty-seven patients use the implant for bowel function. The following complications were encountered: (1.) Cerebro-spinal fluid collection occurred around the implant in 3 patients during the post-operative period; (2.) Receiver failure occurred in 3 patients. A successful replacement with a new receiver block was carried out in these cases. It is concluded that the use of a bladder stimulator in selected patients gives long term favourable results.
Effect of oral erythromycin on gastric and small bowel transit time of capsule endoscopy (2005)

Use of oral erythromycin significantly reduces the gastric transit time of capsule endoscopy.
Face Recognition and Head Tracking in Embedded Systems (2015)

Abstract New, efficient algorithms make it possible to embed head tracking and face recognition with high frame rates in devices with simple, mobile CPUs. This provides an unintrusive basis for personalization of cars, TV sets, and many other devices. Head‐tracking enables the creation of simple and intuitive user interfaces that are sensitive to the user's gaze point.
Model-Based Verification of Embedded Software (2009)

Current advances in model-based development technology indicate that embedded-software developers can expect more tool support for the whole embedded-software spectrum, from applications to system software.
The interpretation of visual motion: recognizing moving light displays (2003)

A computational model of visual motion discrimination in the human visual system is being developed, with application to interpretation of moving light displays. The author provides an overview of the current state of the model and discusses ideas that are being pursued. The computational model incorporates bottom-up feature computation, scenario indexing, and top-down contextual information flow. Emphasis is on the intermediate and higher-level visual processes, assuming the work of others for the low-level processes. The nature of memory structures devoted to representation and recognition of visual motion sequences is explored.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Ultra-High-Throughput Clinical Proteomics Reveals Classifiers of COVID-19 Infection (2020)

The COVID-19 pandemic is an unprecedented global challenge, and point-of-care diagnostic classifiers are urgently required. Here, we present a platform for ultra-high-throughput serum and plasma proteomics that builds on ISO13485 standardization to facilitate simple implementation in regulated clinical laboratories. Our low-cost workflow handles up to 180 samples per day, enables high precision quantification, and reduces batch effects for large-scale and longitudinal studies. We use our platform on samples collected from a cohort of early hospitalized cases of the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic and identify 27 potential biomarkers that are differentially expressed depending on the WHO severity grade of COVID-19. They include complement factors, the coagulation system, inflammation modulators, and pro-inflammatory factors upstream and downstream of interleukin 6. All protocols and software for implementing our approach are freely available. In total, this work supports the development of routine proteomic assays to aid clinical decision making and generate hypotheses about potential COVID-19 therapeutic targets.
Innovation, firm size distribution, and gains from trade (2023)

Power laws in productivity and firm size are well documented empirical regularities. As they are upper right‐tail phenomena, this paper shows that assuming asymptotic power functions for various model primitives (such as demand and firm heterogeneity) are sufficient for matching these regularities. This greatly relaxes the functional‐form restrictions in economic modeling and can be beneficial in certain contexts. We demonstrate this in a modified Melitz (2003) model, which embeds an innovation mechanism so as to endogenize the productivity distribution and generate both of the above‐mentioned power laws. We also investigate the model's welfare implications with regard to innovation by conducting a quantitative analysis of the welfare gains from trade.
Reform of University Teaching Methods (2013)

In the current higher education reform, the innovation of teaching methods is essential and the task is very arduous. Teaching methods require changes in teaching philosophy to make the necessary reforms. International teaching philosophy, combined with the actual situation of higher education in our country is related in the educational scientific research under the guidance of the modern teaching philosophy. Key words: College; Teaching methods; Reform
In-pharmacy health promotion on depression (2012)

Rebecca is a 32-year-old Caucasian female who presents to the pharmacy for the first time with a prescription for duloxetine 30 mg capsules. She tells you that after a brief appointment with her GP she was diagnosed with depression, which she is experiencing due to a recent breakup with her boyfriend and difficulties with a very critical supervisor at work. Rebecca is quite concerned with this new diagnosis and apprehensive about the stigma associated with being classified as depressed. Additionally, she has looked at the adverse effect profile of duloxetine on the internet and is quite anxious about the listed adverse effects, including sleepiness and fatigue, as this will also worsen her current work situation by not being able to function at work.
Surface antigens contribute differently to the pathophysiological features in serotype K1 and K2 Klebsiella pneumoniae strains isolated from liver abscesses (2016)

We conclude that the contribution of surface antigens to virulence of K. pneumoniae strains varies with serotypes.
Proteoglycan Synthesis by Corneal Explants from Developing Embryonic Chicken (1995)

Proteoglycan biosynthesis in developing chicken corneas was studied. Corneas free of scleral rims were prepared from 5- to 18-day-old chick embryos and labeled in vitro with [3H]glucosamine and [35S]sulfate. Then, the labeled medium and corneal proteoglycans were analyzed. Day 5 corneas synthesized mainly chondroitin sulfate/dermatan sulfate proteoglycan and a sudden increase in keratan sulfate proteoglycan synthesis was found on Day 7. Keratan sulfate proteoglycan in Day 7 cornea appeared to be synthesized by fibroblasts which invaded the stroma between Day 5 and Day 7. The proportion of keratan sulfate proteoglycan synthesis increased with advancing embryonic age until Day 14 and declined a little on Day 18. The relative proportion of chondroitin sulfate/dermatan sulfate proteoglycan synthesis changed in a reverse curve during Day 7 to Day 18. Because embryonic cornea begins to become transparent on Day 14, this change in proteoglycan synthesis may be correlated with the onset of transparency. The labeled glycosaminoglycans were isolated from cultured embryonic corneas by pronase digestion, and then digested with chondroitinase ABC or keratanase II. Disaccharides in the enzymatic digests were analyzed by HPLC, and the extents and positions of sulfation of proteoglycans were determined. Sulfation of keratan sulfate proteoglycan continued to increase with advancing age until Day 18. Moreover, it has been shown by HPLC of unsaturated disaccharides of chondroitinase ABC digests that, whereas a comparable amount of non-sulfated "chondroitin sulfate/dermatan sulfate" was synthesized during Day 7 to Day 9, its amount declined during late development (Day 12 to Day 18). Such increases in sulfation of proteoglycans with advancing age may be correlated with progress of corneal transparency, which begins on Day 14 and continues until hatching. Analysis of proteoglycans of the culture medium has shown that most of the medium proteoglycans were keratan sulfate proteoglycan and free keratan sulfate chain (or keratan sulfate chain with a short peptide) during all ages after Day 7, although the major proteoglycan of Day 5 medium was chondroitin sulfate/dermatan sulfate proteoglycan. Sulfation of medium keratan sulfate also increased with advancing age. In addition, the proportion of free keratan sulfate chain in the medium increased during late corneal development, suggesting that catabolism of keratan sulfate proteoglycan might be preferentially accelerated during those times.
1,1’-dibenzyl-5,5’-diphenyl-3,3’-bipyrazole (2006)

A mixture of 5,5’-diphenyl-3,3’-bipyrazole 1 (143 mg, 0.5 mmol) [1] and potassium tert-butoxide (112 mg, 1 mmol) in 20 mL of dry THF was stirred under reflux for 30 min [2].[...]
Design and implementation of TAWS for rotary wing aircraft (2011)

The Ground Proximity Warning System (GPWS) and Terrain Awareness Warning System (TAWS), developed at the Naval Air Warfare Center Aircraft Division (NAWCAD), Patuxent River, is currently fielded on the F/A-18A/B/C/D/E/F/G, AV-8B, being flight tested on the T-45, and E-2D fixed-wing aircraft, and ready for deployment on the MH-60R/S rotary-wing aircraft. GPWS/TAWS is a proven survivability safety-backup system that warns the aircrew of an impending Controlled Flight Into Terrain (CFIT) condition. The fixed-wing system has demonstrated its value with four documented aircraft saves over the past 10 years. There is a demand for an equivalent protection system among the rotary wing community. The following details unique aspects of a TAWS design that has been developed and implemented for use on rotary-wing aircraft to fulfill this need.