gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
From Discovery to the Coming Generation of Histone Deacetylase Inhibitors (2003)

Trichostatin A (TSA) is a Streptomyces metabolite that causes differentiation of murine erythroleukemia cells as well as specific inhibition of the cell cycle of some lower eukaryotes and mammalian cells. The targeted molecule of TSA has been shown by genetic and biochemical analyses to be histone deacetylases (HDACs). Histone acetylation is a key modification to control transcription, and HDACs are profoundly involved in pathogenesis of cancer through removing acetyl groups from histones and other transcriptional regulators. Trapoxin (TPX) and FK228 (also known as FR901228 and depsipeptide because FK228 = FR901228 = depsipeptide), structurally unrelated microbial metabolites, were also shown to inhibit HDACs. These HDAC inhibitors cause cell cycle arrest, differentiation and/or apoptosis of many tumors, suggesting their usefulness for chemotherapy and differentiation therapy. In addition, HDAC inhibitors play important roles in identifying the specific function of the enzymes. Indeed, we identified tubulin as one of the substrates of HDAC6 by means of differential sensitivity to HDAC inhibitors. Since recent studies have revealed that HDACs are structurally and functionally diverse, it should be important to develop inhibitors specific to individual enzymes as more promising agents for cancer therapy. We have synthesized novel TSA/TPX hybrids, which will serve as a basis for developing enzyme-specific HDAC inhibitors.
Redundancy and information leakage in fine-grained access control (2006)

The current SQL standard for access control is coarse grained, in that it grants access to all rows of a table or none. Fine-grained access control, which allows control of access at the granularity of individual rows, and to specific columns within those rows, is required in practically all database applications. There are several models for fine grained access control, but the majority of them follow a view replacement strategy. There are two significant problems with most implementations of the view replacement model, namely (a) the unnecessary overhead of the access control predicates when they are redundant and (b) the potential of information leakage through channels such as user-defined functions, and operations that cause exceptions and error messages. We first propose techniques for redundancy removal. We then define when a query plan is safe with respect to UDFs and other unsafe functions, and propose techniques to generate safe query plans. We have prototyped redundancy removal and safe UDF pushdown on the Microsoft SQL Server query optimizer, and present a preliminary performance study.
High temperature continuous-wave operation of terahertz quantum cascade lasers (2004)

We report continuous-wave operation of a quantum-cascade laser at 3.2 THz (/spl lambda/ /spl sim/ 94 /spl mu/m) up to a heat-sink temperature of 93 K. Optical powers of /spl sim/1.5 mW at 10 K and /spl sim/400 /spl mu/W at 78 K are observed.
Ceramic/Glass Electrolytes for Sodium‐Ion‐Conducting Applications (1992)

Composites electrolytes made from and glasses have been developed. The resulting composite is a highly conductive material. At 250°C, its resistivity is about 20 Ω‐cm, which appears to be adequate for use as the electrolyte in high‐performance Na/S or cells. Further testing is needed to evaluate the composite's chemical stability against sodium.
Characteristics of a set of 12.7-mm processor chips (1987)

A 1.0-/spl mu/m CMOS technology with three layers of metal is used to implement a high-density master image that contains logic and RAMs. The image allows the use of more than 1,000,000 transistors. A hierarchical design methodology is described. This chip offers variable-sized physical partitions and RAM macros. Fixed area sizes and locations for partitions and macros are not necessary. Density and performance of custom chips are approached by the described methodology with significantly lower development cost and time.
Clinical use of pulsed photothermal radiometry (1993)

The application of pulsed photothermal radiometry (PPTR) diagnostics to characterize port wine stain (PWS) lesions is discussed. A PPTR signal of a PWS in response to pulsed laser exposure is shown to consist of an initial `T-jump' due to epidermal melanin absorption and a `delayed thermal wave' resulting from laser generated heat in subsurface blood vessels diffusing to the skin surface. A prototype PPTR instrument incorporating an infrared fiber is constructed which facilitates convenient skin-site accessibility. Laser heating of the infrared collection optics results in an artifactual signal which overestimates the initial `T-jump.' Magnitude of the error is measured and a method to eliminate it is suggested.
Mach–Zehnder Interferometric Switch Utilizing Faraday Rotation (2007)

An all-fiber interferometric switch based on Faraday rotation exhibited by magneto-optic materials in the presence of an external magnetic field is reported. The interferometer is Mach-Zehnder type and the related phase shift was obtained by the rotation of the state of polarization of a linearly polarized optical signal. The operation of the switch is demonstrated experimentally. The effect of the optical beam size on the achievable Faraday rotation is also investigated. Hysteresis is avoided as the magnetic field required for switching is much lower than the saturation field
An inductively coupled plasma-time-of-flight mass spectrometer for elemental analysis. Part I: Optimization and characteristics (1994)

An inductively coupled plasma-time-of-flight mass spectrometer (ICP-TOFMS) has been constructed and evaluated for elemental analysis. The instrument produces analog spectra similar to those from quadrupole inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometers. The large abundance of Ar ions is deflected away from the microchannel plate detector to reduce detector dead time and space-charge complications. The ICP-TOFMS, operated in a linear (nonreflecting) mode, currently has a resolving power of 500 (full width at half maximum). Present ion optics employed in the instrument require a trade-off between signal-to-noise ratio and resolving power. In addition, mass-dependent kinetic energies in the supersonic beam created in the ICP mass spectrometer interface cause a mass bias in the right-angle TOFMS because the ions must be steered to the detector to compensate for their velocity in the supersonic beam direction. In the current design the sampling duty cycle is only approximately 3%, thereby limiting sensitivity. However, positive potentials applied to the right-angle extraction region can increase sensitivity by a factor of 2-4 by slowing down the ions that enter the extraction zone. The transmission efficiency of the TOFMS is approximately 20% and is limited by divergence of the ion packet in the drift tube.
ChemInform Abstract: ANTINEOPLASTIC AGENTS. STRUCTURE‐ACTIVITY RELATIONSHIP STUDY OF BIS(SUBSTITUTED AMINOALKYLAMINO)ANTHRAQUINONES (1978)

Abstract Aus Leucochinizarin (I) erhält man mit primä‐ ren Aminen die Kondensate (II), die mit Luft zu (III) oxidiert werden.
INVESTIGATING CRMP4 FUNCTION IN NERVE REGENERATION (2008)

Background: The failure of CNS neurons to spontaneously regenerate following injury can be partially attributed to the expression of neurite outgrowth inhibitory myelin associated inhibitors (MAIs). MAIs signal through a tripartite receptor complex to activate the cytosolic protein RhoA and influence cytoskeletal dynamics. RhoA antagonists promote neuronal survival and regeneration in animal models of nerve injury. However, RhoA's potential as a therapeutic target may be limited by its widespread roles in multiple cellular processes and cell types. In an attempt to discover more specific therapeutic targets to promote nerve regeneration, our lab identified the cytosolic phosphoprotein CRMP4b (Collapsin Response Mediator Protein 4b) as a protein that functionally interacts with RhoA to mediate neurite outgrowth inhibition. Blockade of the RhoA-CRMP4b interaction with a competitive peptide (C4RIP) attenuates myelin-dependent neurite outgrowth inhibition. Methods: We are currently investigating the in vivo roles of CRMP4in regeneration in an optic nerve injury model by developing a readily deliverable version of C4RIP. Results: Preliminary results suggest that overexpression of C4RIP in retinal ganglion cells by adeno-associated virus does not promote regeneration. However, studies investigating the ability of C4RIP to promote nerve regeneration into the optic nerve following stimulation of neurons into anactive growth state are currently in progress. Conclusion: Elucidating the role of CRMP4 in nerve regeneration may provide insight into the molecular mechanisms following nervous system injury and lead to the development of more specific therapeutic interventions. Reference: Alabed YZ, Pool M, Ong Tone S, Fournier AE.Identification of CRMP4 as a convergent regulator of axon outgrowth inhibition. J Neurosci 2007;27:1702-11.
HIV-1 Induces DCIR Expression in CD4+ T Cells (2010)

The C-type lectin receptor DCIR, which has been shown very recently to act as an attachment factor for HIV-1 in dendritic cells, is expressed predominantly on antigen-presenting cells. However, this concept was recently challenged by the discovery that DCIR can also be detected in CD4(+) T cells found in the synovial tissue from rheumatoid arthritis (RA) patients. Given that RA and HIV-1 infections share common features such as a chronic inflammatory condition and polyclonal immune hyperactivation status, we hypothesized that HIV-1 could promote DCIR expression in CD4(+) T cells. We report here that HIV-1 drives DCIR expression in human primary CD4(+) T cells isolated from patients (from both aviremic/treated and viremic/treatment naive persons) and cells acutely infected in vitro (seen in both virus-infected and uninfected cells). Soluble factors produced by virus-infected cells are responsible for the noticed DCIR up-regulation on uninfected cells. Infection studies with Vpr- or Nef-deleted viruses revealed that these two viral genes are not contributing to the mechanism of DCIR induction that is seen following acute infection of CD4(+) T cells with HIV-1. Moreover, we report that DCIR is linked to caspase-dependent (induced by a mitochondria-mediated generation of free radicals) and -independent intrinsic apoptotic pathways (involving the death effector AIF). Finally, we demonstrate that the higher surface expression of DCIR in CD4(+) T cells is accompanied by an enhancement of virus attachment/entry, replication and transfer. This study shows for the first time that HIV-1 induces DCIR membrane expression in CD4(+) T cells, a process that might promote virus dissemination throughout the infected organism.
Fourth class of convex equilateral polyhedron with polyhedral symmetry related to fullerenes and viruses (2014)

The three known classes of convex polyhedron with equal edge lengths and polyhedral symmetry--tetrahedral, octahedral, and icosahedral--are the 5 Platonic polyhedra, the 13 Archimedean polyhedra--including the truncated icosahedron or soccer ball--and the 2 rhombic polyhedra reported by Johannes Kepler in 1611. (Some carbon fullerenes, inorganic cages, icosahedral viruses, geodesic structures, and protein complexes resemble these fundamental shapes.) Here we add a fourth class, "Goldberg polyhedra," which are also convex and equilateral. We begin by decorating each of the triangular facets of a tetrahedron, an octahedron, or an icosahedron with the T vertices and connecting edges of a "Goldberg triangle." We obtain the unique set of internal angles in each planar face of each polyhedron by solving a system of n equations and n variables, where the equations set the dihedral angle discrepancy about different types of edge to zero, and the variables are a subset of the internal angles in 6gons. Like the faces in Kepler's rhombic polyhedra, the 6gon faces in Goldberg polyhedra are equilateral and planar but not equiangular. We show that there is just a single tetrahedral Goldberg polyhedron, a single octahedral one, and a systematic, countable infinity of icosahedral ones, one for each Goldberg triangle. Unlike carbon fullerenes and faceted viruses, the icosahedral Goldberg polyhedra are nearly spherical. The reasoning and techniques presented here will enable discovery of still more classes of convex equilateral polyhedra with polyhedral symmetry.
Composite Struts Would Damp Vibrations (1991)

New design of composite-material (fiber/matrix laminate) struts increases damping of longitudinal vibrations without decreasing longitudinal stiffness or increasing weight significantly. Plies with opposing chevron patterns of fibers convert longitudinal vibrational stresses into shear stresses in intermediate viscoelastic layer, which dissipate vibrational energy. Composite strut stronger than aluminum strut of same weight and stiffness.
Speech recognition based on phonetic features and acoustic landmarks (2004)

A probabilistic and statistical framework is presented for automatic speech recognition based on a phonetic feature representation of speech sounds. In this acoustic-phonetic approach, the speech recognition problern is hypothesized as a maximization of the joint posterior probability of a set of phonetic features and the corresponding acoustic landmarks. Binary classifiers of the manner phonetic features—syllabic, sonorant and continuant—are applied for the probabilistic detection of speech landmarks. The landmarks include stop bursts, vowel onsets, syllabic peaks, syllabic dips, fricative onsets and offsets; and sonorant consonant onsets and offsets. The classifiers use automatically extracted knowledge based acoustic parameters (APs) that are acoustic correlates of those phonetic features. For isolated word recognition with known and limited vocabulary, the landmark sequences are constrained using a manner class pronunciation graph. Probabilistic decisions on place and voicing phonetic features are then made using a separate set of APs extracted using the landmarks. 
The framework exploits two properties of the knowledge-based acoustic cues of phonetic features: (1) sufficiency of the acoustic cues of a phonetic feature for a decision on that feature and (2) invariance of the acoustic cues with respect to context. The probabilistic framework makes the acoustic-phonetic approach to speech recognition suitable for practical recognition tasks as well as compatible with probabilistic pronunciation and language models. Support vector machines (SVMs) are applied for the binary classification tasks because of their two favorable properties—good generalization and the ability to learn from a relatively small amount of high dimensional data. Performance comparable to Hidden Markov Model (HMM) based systems is obtained on landmark detection as well as isolated word recognition. Applications to restoring of lattices from a large vocabulary continuous speech recognizer are also presented.
Lifting 3D Manhattan Lines from a Single Image (2013)

We propose a novel and an efficient method for reconstructing the 3D arrangement of lines extracted from a single image, using vanishing points, orthogonal structure, and an optimization procedure that considers all plausible connectivity constraints between lines. Line detection identifies a large number of salient lines that intersect or nearly intersect in an image, but relatively a few of these apparent junctions correspond to real intersections in the 3D scene. We use linear programming (LP) to identify a minimal set of least-violated connectivity constraints that are sufficient to unambiguously reconstruct the 3D lines. In contrast to prior solutions that primarily focused on well-behaved synthetic line drawings with severely restricting assumptions, we develop an algorithm that can work on real images. The algorithm produces line reconstruction by identifying 95% correct connectivity constraints in York Urban database, with a total computation time of 1 second per image.
Production and Application of New Monoclonal Antibodies Specific for a Fecal<i>Helicobacter pylori</i>Antigen (2002)

The aim of the present study was to establish monoclonal antibodies that could be used to produce a diagnostic test composed of one kind of monoclonal antibody recognizing a fecal Helicobacter pylori antigen. The need to develop such a test arose from disadvantages of the diagnostic test that uses a polyclonal antibody or plural kinds of monoclonal antibodies, such as the lower specificity for H. pylori antigen and the difficulty of reproduction with consistent quality. Mice were immunized with sonicated cells of the coccoid form of H. pylori, and fecal samples from H. pylori-positive subjects were screened by a direct sandwich enzyme immunoassay (EIA) for antibody production from 32 hybridoma clones. The three stable clones produced antibodies (21G2, 41A5, and 82B9) that reacted with the same soluble antigen. Gel filtration chromatography showed that the molecular masses of the cellular antigen and the fecal antigen were the same, 260 kDa. The antigen was labile in response to sodium dodecyl sulfate and heat treatments. A single-step direct sandwich EIA using a single monoclonal antibody, 21G2, was developed. The EIA could detect the antigen in 41 H. pylori clinical isolates and in fecal samples from seven H. pylori-positive subjects. Several kinds of Helicobacter species (Helicobacter felis, Helicobacter hepaticus, Helicobacter mustelae, and Helicobacter cinaedi) except H. pylori, major bacteria in feces (Campylobacter jejuni, Bacteroides vulgatus, Bifidobacterium breve, Bifidobacterium infantis, and Escherichia coli), and fecal samples from six H. pylori-negative subjects showed negative results. These results indicate that the new monoclonal antibodies and the new specific EIA would be useful as a noninvasive method of diagnosis of H. pylori infection.
Insights into the Mechanism of Action of Bactericidal Lipophosphonoxins (2015)

The advantages offered by established antibiotics in the treatment of infectious diseases are endangered due to the increase in the number of antibiotic-resistant bacterial strains. This leads to a need for new antibacterial compounds. Recently, we discovered a series of compounds termed lipophosphonoxins (LPPOs) that exhibit selective cytotoxicity towards Gram-positive bacteria that include pathogens and resistant strains. For further development of these compounds, it was necessary to identify the mechanism of their action and characterize their interaction with eukaryotic cells/organisms in more detail. Here, we show that at their bactericidal concentrations LPPOs localize to the plasmatic membrane in bacteria but not in eukaryotes. In an in vitro system we demonstrate that LPPOs create pores in the membrane. This provides an explanation of their action in vivo where they cause serious damage of the cellular membrane, efflux of the cytosol, and cell disintegration. Further, we show that (i) LPPOs are not genotoxic as determined by the Ames test, (ii) do not cross a monolayer of Caco-2 cells, suggesting they are unable of transepithelial transport, (iii) are well tolerated by living mice when administered orally but not peritoneally, and (iv) are stable at low pH, indicating they could survive the acidic environment in the stomach. Finally, using one of the most potent LPPOs, we attempted and failed to select resistant strains against this compound while we were able to readily select resistant strains against a known antibiotic, rifampicin. In summary, LPPOs represent a new class of compounds with a potential for development as antibacterial agents for topical applications and perhaps also for treatment of gastrointestinal infections.
Capacitance detection type record stylus and method for making the stylus (1984)

First Page
Autonomous Navigation and Crosslink Communication Systems for Space Applications (2001)

T he need to reduce overall spacecraft program costs while meeting aggressive mission objectives gives signifi cant impetus to the space industry to develop smaller, lighter, and more power-effi cient spacecraft and spacecraft subsystems. APL can provide critical navigation and communications capabilities that meet the needs of the space industry. By leveraging GPS Navigation System (GNS) technology developed for the NASA Thermosphere-Ionosphere-Mesosphere Energetics and Dynamics Program, as well as NASA Advanced Technology Development and grant programs, systems are under development that address the requirements of broad classes of space missions. The derived designs provide fundamental navigation and communications support for space systems in a small, low-mass, and reduced-power implementation that meets the stringent requirements of numerous mission classes.
Terahertz reflection spectroscopy of Debye relaxation in polar liquids [Invited] (2009)

Terahertz (THz) radiation interacts strongly with the intermolecular hydrogen-bond network in aqueous liquids. The dielectric properties of liquid water and aqueous solutions in the THz spectral region are closely linked to the microscopic dynamics of the liquid solution, and hence THz spectroscopy offers an important insight into fundamental intermolecular interactions in polar liquids. At the same time, the strong and characteristic interaction between THz radiation and liquids offers a methodology for the classification of liquids inside containers, and hence the THz region is suitable for remote detection of some of the properties of bottled liquids. Here we present a review of THz spectroscopy and modeling of water-ethanol mixtures, and establish a link between the dielectric function of water-ethanol mixtures and some of their thermodynamic properties. We then review how the knowledge of the dielectric function of aqueous mixtures can be used for inspection of liquids inside bottles. Finally we draw up some of the limits to the applicability of THz reflection spectroscopy in the identification of dangerous liquids.
Sustained Growth of Ultralong Carbon Nanotube Arrays for Fiber Spinning (2006)

Arrays of well-aligned, ca. 4.7 mm long carbon nanotubes (CNTs) are grown in a simple, safe, and cost-effective manner using an efficient Al2O3/Fe catalyst prepared by an ion-beam assisted deposition technique (see figure). Importantly, the as-synthesized CNT arrays with lengths ranging from 500 μm to 1.5 mm are conducive to spinning, and CNT fibers spun from such long CNT arrays show remarkably improved tensile strength. Supporting information for this article is available on the WWW under http://www.wiley-vch.de/contents/jc_2089/2006/c1344_s.pdf or from the author. Please note: The publisher is not responsible for the content or functionality of any supporting information supplied by the authors. Any queries (other than missing content) should be directed to the corresponding author for the article.