gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Isolation and Genetic Mapping of a Non‐Lethal Rice (<i>Oryza sativa</i> L.) <i>low phytic acid 1</i> Mutation (2000)

Phytic acid ( myo ‐inositol 1,2,3,4,5,6 hexa kis phosphate) is the most abundant form of phosphorus (P) in seeds and is virtually indigestible by humans or non‐ruminant livestock. It was hypothesized that one class of maize ( Zea mays L.) and barley ( Hordeum vulgare L.) low phytic acid mutations, designated lpa1 , interrupt myo ‐inositol supply during seed development and may be mutations of the myo ‐inositol 1‐phosphate synthase (MIPS) gene. This study describes the isolation, inheritance, and genetic mapping of the first rice lpa1 mutation and reexamines the MIPS/ lpa1 candidate gene hypothesis in rice. Grain from 3632 rice M2 lines, derived from gamma‐irradiated seed, was screened for the lpa phenotype. Two mutations, one lethal and one non‐lethal, were identified. The non‐lethal mutation is phenotypically similar to maize and barley lpa1 mutants and was designated rice lpa1‐1 Homozygosity for rice lpa1‐1 reduces the phytic acid portion of seed P from 71 to 39% and increases the inorganic portion of seed P from 5 to 32%, with little effect on total seed P. This rice lpa1 mutation was mapped to a 2.2‐cM interval on chromosome 2L. A single‐copy rice MIPS gene was mapped to a locus on rice chromosome 3 that is orthologous to MIPS loci on maize chromosome 1S (near maize lpa1 ) and barley chromosome 4H. Unlike maize lpa1 , the rice and barley lpa1 mutations loci are clearly distinguishable from this canonical MIPS gene. No relationship can be inferred between the maize, barley, and rice lpa1 loci. Although this canonical MIPS gene may be an appropriate target for controlling seed phytic acid synthesis, modifications of other genes (e.g., maize lpa2 , barley lpa1 , barley lpa2 , and rice lpa1 ) may also be useful in reducing grain phytic acid and improving the nutritional value of cereal grains and/or milling by‐products.
Optically tunable chiral nematic mesoporous cellulose films (2015)

Demand for sustainable functional materials has never been larger. The introduction of functionality into pure cellulose might be one step forward in this field as it is one of the most abundant natural biopolymers. In this paper, we demonstrate a straightforward and scalable way to produce iridescent, mesoporous cellulose membranes with tunable colors and porosity. Concomitant assembly of cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs) and condensation of silica precursors results in CNC-silica composites with chiral nematic structures and tunable optical properties. Removal of the stabilizing silica matrix by alkaline or acid treatment gives access to novel chiral nematic mesoporous cellulose (CNMC) films. Importantly, the optical properties and the mesoporosity can be controlled by either varying the silica-to-CNC ratio, or by varying the substrate used during the evaporation-induced self-assembly process. In order to introduce additional functionality, CNMC has been used to stabilize gold nanoparticles with three different concentrations by wet impregnation. These materials are stable in water and can potentially function in sensors, tissue engineering or functional membranes.
Bearing Fault Detection via Wavelet Packet Decomposition with Spectral Post Processing (2007)

We present a method for detecting motor bearing fault conditions via wavelet packet decomposition (WPD) of induction motor current. This method involves the decomposition of motor current into equally spaced frequency bands by using all-pass implementation of Elliptic IIR half-band filters in the filter bank structure to obtain wavelet packet coefficients (WPC). Then, the bias in WPCs for each frequency band is removed to suppress leakage from adjacent frequency bands. Fourier analysis is applied to wavelet packet coefficients to provide higher frequency resolution within each frequency band. The changes in the energy levels of frequency bands in which motor fault related current frequencies lie are monitored to detect motor fault conditions.
Deposition of electrically conductive zirconium monoxide via plasma spray‐physical vapor deposition (2022)

Abstract A condensed phase of zirconium monoxide (ZrO) was detected in YSZ (Zr 0.92 Y 0.08 O 2‐δ ) coatings deposited using plasma spray‐physical vapor deposition. The rapid cooling rate of this process can result in the condensation of nonequilibrium states that can be kinetically trapped in the coatings. The columnar microstructure contained a mixture of YSZ, ZrO 2, and ZrO phases. The ZrO phase was expected to be conductive based on density functional theory calculations, and preliminary impedance measurements were performed that supported this prediction. When heated in an oxygen‐containing environment, the ZrO phase remains in the coating until ∼450 K, at which point it disappears quickly, as confirmed by X‐ray diffraction and thermogravimetric methods. The loss of ZrO in the coating was also linked to a loss in electrical conductivity. However, it was shown that this phase can persist at elevated temperatures of ∼1000 K in vacuum or inert environments for at least 100 h.
RF-Input Self-Outphasing Doherty–Chireix Combined Amplifier (2016)

A new design method for Doherty-Chireix combined operation is proposed. Only one of the two amplifiers operates at the low power region like a Doherty amplifier, while both amplifiers are operating as a Chireix outphasing amplifier at the high power region, taking advantage of the high efficiency region of each operating mode. Quasi-envelope efficiency of both amplifier efficiency curves is extracted in a systematic way using only analog circuit design methods. The output combiner is used as an input splitter for the radio frequency input Chireix outphasing without using any digital signal processing. Input signal phase control versus power for outphasing operation is obtained by using only a linear circuit, exploiting the input impedance variation of nonideal devices. A 52.4-dBm peak output power, 6.6-dB back-off Doherty-Chireix combined amplifier, is built operating at 2.17 GHz. A 50% average power added efficiency was measured using 6-dB peak-to-average power ratio, 3.84 MHz modulated test signals. Class-B like efficiency behavior is obtained at the low power region without compromising the peak back-off efficiency.
Unified Lifetime Metrology and Photoluminescence Imaging of Passivation Defects for Silicon PV (2013)

We have recently introduced an improved QSS-μPCD lifetime measurement with a strict quality of decay control technique. This enabled unified, parameter free determination of the decay lifetime and the steady-state lifetime over a broad steady-state injection range (up to about 30suns). Excellent correlation was found with Sinton QSSPC measurement. The advantage of spatially resolved μPCD was applied for wafer mapping. Emitter saturation current, J0, mapping was obtained directly from small perturbation decay lifetime using the Basore-Hansen procedure. The maps revealed commonly present passivation defects manifested as high J0 areas.In this work we report further improvement of the approach, especially regarding speed and resolution. Our research involved photoluminescence measurements on passivated test wafers in sequence with the QSS-μPCD unified lifetime measurement including J0. On selected sites the value of J0 was intentionally varied with corona charge induced field-effect. This enabled a unique PL calibration to J0 and other recombination parameters. Quantitative characteristics enabled us to compare PL procedures for the determination of J0 and to select a practical version for J0 imaging that uses direct J0 determination from the ratio of generation rate G to PL intensity. We have found that this J0 procedure correlates well with the commonly used Kane-Swanson method. In addition, it carries the practical advantages of needing only a single PL image with a straightforward calibration and relaxed requirements regarding injection range restriction.
Content-Adaptive 360-Degree Video Coding Using Hybrid Cubemap Projection (2018)

In this paper, a novel hybrid cubemap projection (HCP) is proposed to improve the 360-degree video coding efficiency. HCP allows adaptive sampling adjustments in the horizontal and vertical directions within each cube face. HCP parameters of each cube face can be adjusted based on the input 360-degree video content characteristics for a better sampling efficiency. The HCP parameters can be updated periodically to adapt to temporal content variation. An efficient HCP parameter estimation algorithm is proposed to reduce the computational complexity of parameter estimation. Experimental results demonstrate that HCP format achieves on average luma (Y) BD-rate reduction of 11.51%, 8.0%, and 0.54% compared to equirectangular projection format, cubemap projection format, and adjusted cubemap projection format, respectively, in terms of end-to-end WS-PSNR.
Real-time resampling in Fourier domain optical coherence tomography using a graphics processing unit (2010)

Fourier domain optical coherence tomography (FD-OCT) requires either a linear-in-wavenumber spectrometer or a computationally heavy software algorithm to recalibrate the acquired optical signal from wavelength to wavenumber. The first method is sensitive to the position of the prism in the spectrometer, while the second method drastically slows down the system speed when it is implemented on a serially oriented central processing unit. We implement the full resampling process on a commercial graphics processing unit (GPU), distributing the necessary calculations to many stream processors that operate in parallel. A comparison between several recalibration methods is made in terms of performance and image quality. The GPU is also used to accelerate the fast Fourier transform (FFT) and to remove the background noise, thereby achieving full GPU-based signal processing without the need for extra resampling hardware. A display rate of 25 framessec is achieved for processed images (1,024 x 1,024 pixels) using a line-scan charge-coupled device (CCD) camera operating at 25.6 kHz.
Solid‐State Dye‐Sensitized Solar Cells Using a Novel Class of Ullazine Dyes as Sensitizers (2012)

Abstract Here we present the photovoltaic performance of solid‐state dye‐sensitized solar cells (DSCs) using a series of ullazine‐based metal‐free organic sensitizers and spiro‐MeOTAD as a hole‐transport material. A maximum of 4.95% power conversion efficiency measured under standard AM 1.5G illumination (100 mW cm −2 ) was achieved with the best performing ullazine dye, and was further improved to 5.40% through co‐sensitization with the triphenylamine‐based organic sensitizer, D35. This study investigates the effect of the molecular structure of the ullazine sensitizer on the performance in solid‐state DSCs.
Multilevel dictionary learning for sparse representation of images (2011)

Adaptive data-driven dictionaries for sparse approximations provide superior performance compared to predefined dictionaries in applications involving representation and classification of data. In this paper, we propose a novel algorithm for learning global dictionaries particularly suited to the sparse representation of natural images. The proposed algorithm uses a hierarchical energy based learning approach to learn a multilevel dictionary. The atoms that contribute the most energy to the representation are learned in the first level and those that contribute lesser energies are learned in the subsequent levels. The learned multilevel dictionary is compared to a dictionary learned using the K-SVD algorithm. Reconstruction results using a small number of non-zero coefficients demonstrate the advantage of exploiting energy hierarchy using multilevel dictionaries, pointing to potential applications in low bit-rate image compression. Superior performance in compressed sensing using optimized sensing matrices with small number of measurements is also demonstrated.
Different specificities of platelet-associated and plasma autoantibodies to platelet GPIIb-IIIa in patients with chronic immune thrombocytopenic purpura (1992)

Chronic immune thrombocytopenic purpura (ITP) is an autoimmune disorder due to antiplatelet autoantibodies, many of which are directed against platelet membrane glycoprotein (GP) IIb-IIIa or GPIb-IX. In a recent study, we described plasma autoantibodies from 13 selected ITP patients, which required the presence of the putative GPIIIa cytoplasmic region for antibody binding. Since this region may not be available for antibody binding under physiologic conditions, we evaluated the frequency of binding to this or other regions of GPIIb-IIIa by platelet-associated and plasma autoantibody from a group of chronic ITP patients. We studied platelet-associated autoantibodies in 27 patients and plasma antibodies in 21 patients; in 15 patients, both were studied. To determine if autoantibodies were directed to the cytoplasmic portion of GPIIIa or to another portion of the GPIIb-IIIa molecule, antibody eluted from patient platelets or plasma antibody was tested in an antigen capture assay for binding to GPIIb-IIIa obtained from Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells transfected with GPIIb and either intact GPIIIa or GPIIIa lacking the carboxy terminal 35 residues. Of the 21 plasma autoantibodies tested, 13 bound primarily to the carboxy terminus of GPIIIa and eight to other epitopes. Conversely, all 26 platelet-associated autoantibodies, including eight of the 13 with anti-carboxy terminus antibodies, bound to epitopes in other regions of GPIIb-IIIa. Comparison of the degree of antibody adsorption by intact or lysed platelets indicated that epitopes on the c-terminal region of GPIIIa are relatively inaccessible on the surface of intact washed platelets when compared with other epitopes. We conclude that the importance of plasma autoantibodies in chronic ITP patients should be interpreted cautiously, since their specificity may differ from that of antibodies bound to the platelet. Whether antibodies against the c-terminus of GPIIIa are of pathogenetic importance remains to be determined, although patients with these antibodies have particularly severe disease.
ChemInform Abstract: HOMOGENEOUS CATALYTIC HYDROGENATION OF CARBOXYLIC ACID ESTERS TO ALCOHOLS (1980)

Abstract Der aus (I) zugängliche anionische Rutheniumhydridkomplex (II) dient als homogener Katalysator bei der Reduktion der Ester (III) und (VII) zu den primären Alkoholen (IV) bzw. (VIII).
Identification, design and synthesis of tubulin-derived peptides as novel hyaluronan mimetic ligands for the receptor for hyaluronan-mediated motility (RHAMM/HMMR) (2015)

Fragments of the extracellular matrix component hyaluronan (HA) promote tissue inflammation, fibrosis and tumor progression. HA fragments act through HA receptors including CD44, LYVE1, TLR2, 4 and the receptor for hyaluronan mediated motility (RHAMM/HMMR). RHAMM is a multifunctional protein with both intracellular and extracellular roles in cell motility and proliferation. Extracellular RHAMM binds directly to HA fragments while intracellular RHAMM binds directly to ERK1 and tubulin. Both HA and regions of tubulin (s-tubulin) are anionic and bind to basic amino acid-rich regions in partner proteins, such as in HA and tubulin binding regions of RHAMM. We used this as a rationale for developing bioinformatics and SPR (surface plasmon resonance) based screening to identify high affinity anionic RHAMM peptide ligands. A library of 12-mer peptides was prepared based on the carboxyl terminal tail sequence of s-tubulin isoforms and assayed for their ability to bind to the HA/tubulin binding region of recombinant RHAMM using SPR. This approach resulted in the isolation of three 12-mer peptides with nanomolar affinity for RHAMM. These peptides bound selectively to RHAMM but not to CD44 or TLR2,4 and blocked RHAMM:HA interactions. Furthermore, fluorescein-peptide uptake by PC3MLN4 prostate cancer cells was blocked by RHAMM mAb but not by CD44 mAb. These peptides also reduced the ability of prostate cancer cells to degrade collagen type I. The selectivity of these novel HA peptide mimics for RHAMM suggest their potential for development as HA mimetic imaging and therapeutic agents for HA-promoted disease.
Increased SNR efficiency in velocity selective arterial spin labeling using multiple velocity selective saturation modules (mm‐VSASL) (2014)

Utilizing multiple VSS modules can improve the SNR efficiency of VSASL. Mm-VSASL may result in an SNR that is comparable to or even higher than that of PCASL in applications where long postlabeling delays are required.
Discharge Properties in Low Vacuum and Vacuum Monitoring Method for Vacuum Circuit Breakers (2006)

One of the causes leading to the low performance of vacuum interrupters (VIs) is a slow leak. If no measures are taken, this phenomenon cannot be detected and the VI will develop serious faults. Therefore, an effective monitoring technique is essential. We experimentally investigated the discharge properties in the low vacuum region of a VI. We measured the signal intensity of the discharge signal caused by the discharge occurring inside a model VI whose degree of vacuum could be varied. Pulse pattern and pulse waveforms were also measured in various pressures. To understand the pattern generating mechanism, we simulated these discharge patterns. Two noise reduction method using timer and frequency filter was examined. Finally, we introduce on-line vacuum-monitoring device with an alarm to warn of the deterioration of the vacuum degree of VIs
Spatio-Spectral Color Filter Array Design for Enhanced Image Fidelity (2007)

In digital imaging applications, data are typically obtained via a spatial subsampling procedure implemented as a color filter array - a physical construction whereby only a single color representative is measured at each pixel location. Owing to the growing ubiquity of color imaging and display devices, much recent work has focused on the interplay between color filter array design and subsequent digital processing, including in particular the canonical spatio-chromatic reconstruction task known as demosaicking. Here we consider the problem of improved color filter array design, leading to enhanced image fidelity. We first analyze the limitations of the well-known Bayer pattern, currently most popular in industry. We then propose a framework for designing rectangular color filter arrays amenable to efficient and completely linear reconstruction, and provide examples of new patterns that enable improvements in reconstruction quality.
Multi-discrete-phase fresnel acoustic lenses and their application to acoustic ink printing (1994)

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Preliminary evaluation of surface plasmon enhanced light transmission with a scanning 257nm ultraviolet microscope (2004)

Surface plasmon enhanced illumination (SPEI) devices could be useful in multielectron beam lithography systems to meet the roadmap requirements for mask- and direct write applications by creating arrays of light beams, or in conjunction with a photoemitter to produce a very stable array of electron beams from a patterned photocathode. Preliminary experiments were performed with a scanning 257nm UV transmission microscope to evaluate the performance of SPEI devices. Light transmission enhancement relative to simple apertures greater than 200× were obtained with these devices utilizing apertures as small as 60nm diameter. The results will be presented in this article together with other possible advantages for e-beam applications.
Realization of a video-rate distributed aperture millimeter-wave imaging system using optical upconversion (2013)

Passive imaging using millimeter waves (mmWs) has many advantages and applications in the defense and security markets. All terrestrial bodies emit mmW radiation and these wavelengths are able to penetrate smoke, fog/clouds/marine layers, and even clothing. One primary obstacle to imaging in this spectrum is that longer wavelengths require larger apertures to achieve the resolutions desired for many applications. Accordingly, lens-based focal plane systems and scanning systems tend to require large aperture optics, which increase the achievable size and weight of such systems to beyond what can be supported by many applications. To overcome this limitation, a distributed aperture detection scheme is used in which the effective aperture size can be increased without the associated volumetric increase in imager size. This distributed aperture system is realized through conversion of the received mmW energy into sidebands on an optical carrier. This conversion serves, in essence, to scale the mmW sparse aperture array signals onto a complementary optical array. The side bands are subsequently stripped from the optical carrier and recombined to provide a real time snapshot of the mmW signal. Using this technique, we have constructed a real-time, video-rate imager operating at 75 GHz. A distributed aperture consisting of 220 upconversion channels is used to realize 2.5k pixels with passive sensitivity. Details of the construction and operation of this imager as well as field testing results will be presented herein.
Structure-activity relationships of the antimalarial agent artemisinin. 1. Synthesis and comparative molecular field analysis of C-9 analogs of artemisinin and 10-deoxoartemisinin (1993)

A series of C-9 beta-substituted artemisinin analogs (2-21) were synthesized via dianion alkylation of the total synthetic intermediate 57 followed by subsequent ozonolysis/acidification, or by alkylation of the enolate derived from (+)-9-desmethylartemisinin, 2. Inactive acyclic analogs 22 and 23 were synthesized by nucleophilic epoxide opening and the ring contracted analog 24 was prepared by an alternate route. 10-Deoxo-9-alkyl derivatives 68 and 70 were synthesized convergently from intermediates in the preparation of 9-alkyl derivatives. In vitro bioassay was conducted in W-2 and D-6 clones of drug resistant Plasmodium falciparum. Comparative molecular field analysis (CoMFA) of the 9-alkyl lactone derivatives provided a model with a cross-validated r2 = 0.793. Inclusion of inactive 1-deoxyartemisinin analogs 26-42 provided a model with a value of 0.857. The activities of a number of other analogs of divergent structure (43-56) were predicted with good accuracy using the CoMFA model.
Microplate Assay for Denatured Collagen using Collagen Hybridizing Peptides (2018)

ABSTRACT The purpose of this study was to develop a microplate assay for quantifying denatured collagen by measuring the fluorescence of carboxyfluorescein bound collagen hybridizing peptides (F-CHP). We have shown that F-CHP binds selectively with denatured collagen, and that mechanical overload of tendon fascicles causes collagen denaturation. Proteinase K was used to homogenize tissue samples after F-CHP staining, allowing fluorescence measurement using a microplate reader. We compared our new assay to our previous image analysis method and the trypsin-hydroxyproline assay, which is the only other available method to directly quantify denatured collagen. Relative quantification of denatured collagen was performed in rat tail tendon fascicles subjected to incremental tensile overload, and normal and ostoeoarthritic guinea pig cartilage. In addition, the absolute amount of denatured collagen was determined in rat tail tendon by correlating F-CHP fluorescence with percent denatured collagen as determined by the trypsin-hydroxyproline assay. Rat tail tendon fascicles stretched to low strains (<7.5%) exhibited minimal denature collagen, but values rapidly increased at medium strains (7.5-10.5%) and plateaued at high strains (≥12%). Osteoarthritic cartilage had higher F-CHP fluorescence than healthy cartilage. Both of these outcomes are consistent with previous studies. With the calibration curve, the microplate assay was able to absolutely quantify denatured collagen in mechanically damaged rat tail tendon fascicles as reliably as the trypsin-hydroxyproline assay. Further, we achieved these results more efficiently than current methods in a rapid, high-throughput manner, with multiple types of collagenous tissue while maintaining accuracy.