gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A PHASE I-II STUDY EVALUATING THE MURINE ANTI-IL-2 RECEPTOR ANTIBODY 2A3 FOR TREATMENT OF ACUTE GRAFT-VERSUS-HOST DISEASE (1990)

A murine IgG1 antibody specific for the IL-2-binding site on the human lymphocyte IL-2 receptor beta chain (CD25) was evaluated in 11 patients who developed acute graft-versus-host disease following allogeneic marrow transplantation. All patients had received cyclosporine and methotrexate for prophylaxis of GVHD, either alone (4 cases), or in combination with antithymocyte globulin (4 cases) or with prednisone (3 cases). Patients had developed GVHD at 7-53 days (median 12) after transplantation and had failed treatment with corticosteroids for 3-44 days (median 19). Residual GVHD was of grade II severity in 4 patients, grade III in 5 patients, and grade IV in 2 patients. Sequential patients received monoclonal antibody in escalating doses from 0.1 mg/kg/day to 1.0 mg/kg/day for 7 days. Side effects were fever, respiratory distress, hypertension, hypotension, and chills occurring in 11 of 72 (14%) antibody infusions. Trough antibody levels greater than 6 micrograms/ml were achieved in patients treated with 0.5 or 1.0 mg/kg/day. Four of eight evaluable patients had an IgM antibody response, and one had an IgG response to the murine immunoglobulin. Clinical response of GVHD was evaluated in 10 patients who received the entire course of the antibody treatment. Among 7 patients treated within 40 days from transplantation, one patient had a complete response in the skin as the only involved organ, and 3 patients had a partial response, 2 in the skin and one in the gastrointestinal tract. No responses were achieved with liver disease at anytime or in any organ in patients treated beyond 40 days after transplantation. Since administration of this antibody was well tolerated and some efficacy was observed in patients with acute GVHD treated early after transplantation, there is a rationale for testing this antibody as an agent for prophylaxis of GVHD.
Learning to detect chest radiographs containing pulmonary lesions using visual attention networks (2019)

Machine learning approaches hold great potential for the automated detection of lung nodules on chest radiographs, but training algorithms requires very large amounts of manually annotated radiographs, which are difficult to obtain. The increasing availability of PACS (Picture Archiving and Communication System), is laying the technological foundations needed to make available large volumes of clinical data and images from hospital archives. Binary labels indicating whether a radiograph contains a pulmonary lesion can be extracted at scale, using natural language processing algorithms. In this study, we propose two novel neural networks for the detection of chest radiographs containing pulmonary lesions. Both architectures make use of a large number of weakly-labelled images combined with a smaller number of manually annotated x-rays. The annotated lesions are used during training to deliver a type of visual attention feedback informing the networks about their lesion localisation performance. The first architecture extracts saliency maps from high-level convolutional layers and compares the inferred position of a lesion against the true position when this information is available; a localisation error is then back-propagated along with the softmax classification error. The second approach consists of a recurrent attention model that learns to observe a short sequence of smaller image portions through reinforcement learning; the reward function penalises the exploration of areas, within an image, that are unlikely to contain nodules. Using a repository of over 430,000 historical chest radiographs, we present and discuss the proposed methods over related architectures that use either weakly-labelled or annotated images only.
Identification and Characterization of RNA Editing Events within the 5‐HT<sub>2C</sub> Receptor<sup>a</sup> (1998)

RNA editing is a post-transcriptional modification that generates an RNA transcript with a nucleotide sequence different from its gene. We have recently discovered RNA editing events, involving the conversion of adenosine bases to inosine residues, within the RNA encoding the serotonin 2C (5-HT2C) receptor. Editing events at four major positions, termed A, B, C and D, as well as one minor site termed C', are predicted to alter amino acids within the second intracellular loop of the G-protein coupled 5-HT2C receptor. Editing is mediated by at least two members of a family of adenosine deaminases and is contingent upon the presence of an extensive RNA duplex structure formed by exonic and intronic sequences of 5-HT2C receptor precursor messenger RNA (pre-mRNA). This critical secondary structure has been observed within brain pre-mRNA derived from four species; the isolation of edited 5-HT2C receptor transcripts from these samples further confirms the evolutionary conservation of this RNA processing event. Among members of the 5-HT2 receptor family, editing within second intracellular loop RNA is unique to the 5-HT2C receptor. Editing within the 5-HT2C receptor generates receptor isoforms that differ in their ability to interact with the phospholipase C signaling cascade in a transfected cell line, suggesting that this RNA processing event may contribute to the modulation of serotonergic neurotransmission in the central nervous system.
RIGR - A Repository Model Based Approach to Management (2001)

Abstract: Organizations with large integrated computer-based systems are often faced with the challenge of evolving their mission-critical systems in a manner that maximizes reuse opportunities, minimizes redundancies, and addresses business goals. To support these goals system developers must be provided with tools that allow them effectively assess the impact of change across the systems (impact analyses), identify reuse opportunities (reuse analyses), identify gaps in existing system functionalities (gap analyses), and identify redundancies (redundancy analyses). In this paper we discuss some of the issues related to implementing a model-based repository capable of supporting Redundancy, Impact, Gap, and Reuse (RIGR) analyses. 1
국내 리듬운동학의 연구경향 분석 (2011)

This study set out to analyze through literature the research trends of “rhythmic exercise study” in the nation as a pre-stage of meta-analysis to help “rhythmic exercise study” to reach a level equivalent to its status in the academic field. The study also aimed to provide basic data for it to find its academic identity. The study examined the research situations in the nation to help rhythmic exercise study settle down as an academic field and checked the tasks toward its future directions. There are a couple of future tasks for rhythmic exercise study to grow and develop in the nation: First, the term “rhythmic exercise” should settle down. It is an unfortunate fact that the use of “rhythmic exercise” has been low. In fact, there is no clear establishment of its concept. Thus the society members need to use the term in large quantities in their rhythmic exercise” researches until it settles down. Second, the Korean Society for Rhythmic Exercises should be activated. There are 11 journals related to rhythmic exercise in the field of dance in the nation, but none in the field of physical education. However, it does not matter whether it is the field of dance or the field of physical education. As discussed in the introduction, rhythmic exercise encompasses all fields including dance and sports and thus requires comprehensive research. Therefore, the Society should attract members from diverse fields and commit itself to the publication of its papers and series through academic research. Finally, there should be efforts invested in the spread of various rhythmic exercises. Rhythmic exercise is body movements according to various rhythms. It is not a certain kind of sports or dance but encompasses all physical activities including rhythm as one of the main components. The Society thus needs to expand and spread the practice areas of rhythmic exercise study by holding various practice workshops on rhythmic exercise study and spreading it across the nation.
Selective Induction of Apoptosis in Acute Myelogenous Leukemia Stem Cells by the Novel Agent Parthenolide. (2004)

Abstract Acute myelogenous leukemia (AML) arises from a rare population of leukemic stem cells (LSCs), which are thought to perpetuate both de novo and relapsed disease. Because LSCs are often refractory to standard chemotherapy agents, it is crucial to investigate the ability of current and novel drugs to target this rare population of cells. Previously, we demonstrated that combined treatment with proteasome inhibitors and anthracyclines induced apoptosis in LSCs while sparing the normal hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs). Using this approach, death of leukemic cells was characterized by NF-kB inhibition and p53 activation. In the present study, we have extended this work by investigating parthenolide (PTL), a sesquiterpene lactone found in the herbal drug feverfew and that has been reported to inhibit NF-kB activation. Primary AML cells treated with increasing concentrations of PTL (1-10 microM) showed a rapid (18h) and dose dependent decrease in cell viability. The PTL concentration and its effect on induction of apoptosis directly correlated with decreased NF-kB binding activity and increased phosphorylation of p53. Importantly, apoptosis induction was also evident in the primitive LSC population, defined by the immunophenotypic profile CD34+, CD38− and CD123+. In contrast, PTL had little to no effect in normal HSCs obtained from either cord blood (CB) or bone marrow (BM). Interestingly, apoptosis induction upon PTL treatment was completely abolished upon treatment with the anti-oxidant, N-acetyl-cysteine (NAC), suggesting that PTL effects involve reactive oxygen species (ROS) induction. This was further corroborated using the fluorescent dyes DCFH-DA and mBBr to measure ROS and thiol content, respectively. When PTL effects were compared to the common chemotherapeutic drug cytosine arabinoside (Ara-C), we observed that PTL selectively targeted leukemic cells whereas Ara-C did not. Functional analyses using in vitro colony assays and the NOD/SCID mouse xenotransplant model were then employed to address whether the drugs used in this study affected stem cell potential. PTL treatment did not affect engraftment of normal cells while leukemic cell engraftment was dramatically impaired. Similarly, methylcellulose cultures showed a severe decrease on colony formation in PTL treated AML cells, while normal colonies were not impaired. Together, these data demonstrates that PTL is able to selectively target LSCs while sparing normal hematopoietic cells. The mechanism of leukemia-specific cell death appears to involve inhibition of NF-kB, activation of p53 and induction of oxidative stress.
Trustworthy incident information sharing in social cyber defense alliances (2013)

The Internet threat landscape is fundamentally changing today. A major shift away from hobby hacking towards well-organized cyber crimes can be observed. The aim of these criminal organizations is the commercial exploitation of vulnerabilities in ICT infrastructures. Since attacks become more and more coordinated, we argue that counter measures must be properly coordinated too. Additionally, networks have grown to a scale and complexity, and have reached a degree of interconnectedness, that their protection can often only be guaranteed and financed as shared efforts. In this paper, we therefore introduce the concept of social cyber defense alliances. These alliances are shaped by social networks which connect information security stakeholders from various domains and facilitate the sharing of incident information. Some primary challenges include: 1) how to encourage participating stakeholders to contribute, and 2) how to ensure the quality and reliability of shared incident information. Here, we discuss an incentive model, which encourages information security stakeholders to share incident information. Furthermore, we highlight an architectural blueprint which is able to support the establishment of our proposed social cyber defense alliances in a real world context, and evaluate its applicability using agent-based simulations.
An Isotope-Dilution Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry Method for Trace Analysis of Xylene Metabolites in Tissues (1997)

A gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) method using isotope dilution was developed to measure trace levels of xylene metabolites in brain tissues. The primary metabolites of xylene are dimethylphenol (DMP), methylbenzyl alcohol (MBA), toluic acid (TA), and methylhippuric acid (MHA). The internal standard was a mixture of deuterated DMP-d3, TA-d7, and MHA-d7. DMP-d3 was commercially available and was used as the internal standard for both DMP and MBA. TA-d7 and MHA-d7 were biosynthesized by administering xylene-d10 to rats and collecting their urine. Based on the noise peaks in 10 blank samples, the on-column limits of quantitation (mean +10 SD of noise peaks) were approximately 305, 1220, 545, and 386 pg for DMP, MBA, TA, and MHA, respectively. Analyte detection and recovery tests from brain tissues of control rats were conducted by spiking the tissues with 32 nmol/g of each analyte, together with the deuterated metabolites. The tissues were homogenized, extracted with ethyl acetate, and derivatized by trimethylsilylation. One microliter of the sample was injected into the GC-MS. The recoveries of the analytes were 104 +/- 8%, 80 +/- 9%, 93 +/- 10%, and 92 +/- 11% (mean +/- SD, n = 7) for DMP, MBA, TA, and MHA, respectively. The tissue preparation efficiency, which was indicated by absolute recoveries of internal standards, was approximately 33% for DMP, MBA, and TA and approximately 80% for MHA. No metabolites were detected in untreated control tissues. This simple and sensitive method to simultaneously detect major xylene metabolites in brain tissues could also be used for the analysis of blood and urine samples from workers to monitor p-xylene exposure.
Real-Time PCR for Quantitative Detection of <i>Toxoplasma gondii</i> (2000)

The protozoan Toxoplasma gondii is one of the most common infectious pathogenic parasites and can cause severe medical complications in infants and immunocompromised individuals. We report here the development of a real-time PCR-based assay for the detection of T. gondii. Oligonucleotide primers and a fluorescence-labeled TaqMan probe were designed to amplify the T. gondii B1 gene. After 40 PCR cycles, the cycle threshold values (C(T)) indicative of the quantity of the target gene were determined. Typically, a C(T) of 25.09 was obtained with DNA from 500 tachyzoites of the T. gondii RH strain. The intra-assay coefficients of variation (CV) were 0.4, 0.16, 0.24, and 0.79% for the four sets of quadruplicate assays, with a mean interassay CV of 0.4%. These values indicate the reproducibility of this assay. Upon optimization of assay conditions, we were able to obtain a standard curve with a linear range (correlation coefficient = 0.9988) across at least 6 logs of DNA concentration. Hence, we were able to quantitatively detect as little as 0.05 T. gondii tachyzoite in an assay. When tested with 30 paraffin-embedded fetal tissue sections, 10 sections (33%) showed a C(T) of <40 and were scored as positive for this test. These results were consistent with those obtained through our nested-PCR control experiments. We have developed a rapid, sensitive, and quantitative real-time PCR for detection of T. gondii. The advantages of this technique for the diagnosis of toxoplasmosis in a clinical laboratory are discussed.
Pest detection and control techniques using wireless sensor network: A review (2015)

Pakistan is an agricultural country which depends on agriculture and crops for its economic survival. WSN is an emerging technology all over the world and it is used in agriculture for monitoring different parameters. In this paper we review literature related to general agriculture monitoring, pest disease monitoring, and different pest control mechanisms. We analyze and classify pest control mechanism in technological, non-technological and integrated solutions. Then we compare the pest control mechanisms based on their effectiveness, cost and other performance parameters. Finally, we analyze the feasibility of pest control mechanisms based on the use of WSN for farmers in developing countries.
Turbulent Navier-Stokes Simulations of Heat Transfer with Complex Wall Temperature Variations (2007)

Numerical simulations focusing on convective heat transfer with complex wall temperature variations, as well as conjugate heat transfer problems involving solids are performed. Simulations are made using the GASP Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD)code, which solves the Reynolds-Averaged Navier-Stokes equations (RANS). GASP has been modified by adding a solid heat conduction solver, enabling the coupling of RANS with the heat equation for an isotropic solid. Validation cases involving convective heat transfer are considered using both one- and two-equations turbulence models. Predicted Stanton numbers for low Mach number turbulent boundary layers closely agree with experimental results from Reynolds et al. 1,2 for a constant wall temperature, a step and a double pulse in wall temperature. Simulations of supersonic boundary layers with a step in wall temperature are also performed. Good agreement is found for velocity and temperature profiles when compared with measurements from Debieve et al. 3 as well as for the skin friction and Stanton number. The flow field and wall temperature distribution inside a supersonic cooled nozzle is computed using a new conjugate heat transfer algorithm in GASP. Results agree well with measurements from Back et al. 4
mRNA binding protein mrnp 41 localizes to both nucleus and cytoplasm (1997)

We have identified and molecularly characterized a human protein with a Mr of 40,880 Da. After UV irradiation of HeLa cells, this protein was cross-linked to poly(A)-containing mRNA and was therefore designated mrnp 41 (for mRNA binding protein of 41 kDa). Cell fractionation and immunoblotting showed mrnp 41 in both the cytoplasm and the nucleus and particularly in the nuclear envelope. Immunofluorescence microscopy localized mrnp 41 to distinct foci in the nucleoplasm, to the nuclear rim, and to meshwork-like structures throughout the cytoplasm. The cytoplasmic meshwork staining was disrupted by prior treatment of cells with the actin filament- or microtubule-disrupting drugs cytochalasin or nocodazole, respectively, suggesting association of mrnp 41 with the cytoskeleton. Double immunofluorescence with antibodies against mrnp 41 and the cytoplasmic poly(A) binding protein showed colocalization to the cytoplasmic meshwork. Immunogold electronmicroscopy confirmed mrnp 41's cytoplasmic and nucleoplasmic localization and revealed a striking labeling of nuclear pore complexes. Together these data suggest that mrnp 41 may function in nuclear export of mRNPs and/or in cytoplasmic transport on, or attachment to, the cytoskeleton. Consistent with a role of mrnp 41 in nuclear export are previous reports that mutations in homologs of mrnp 41 in Schizosaccharomyces pombe, designated Rae1p, or in Saccharomyces cerevisiae, designated Gle2p, result in mRNA accumulation in the nucleus although it is presently not known whether these homologs are mRNA binding proteins as well.
Raman and Infrared Spectroscopy of α and β Phases of Thin Nickel Hydroxide Films Electrochemically Formed on Nickel (2012)

The present work utilizes Raman and infrared (IR) spectroscopy, supported by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) to re-examine the fine structural details of Ni(OH)(2), which is a key material in many energy-related applications. This work also unifies the large body of literature on the topic. Samples were prepared by the galvanostatic basification of nickel salts and by aging the deposits in hot KOH solutions. A simplified model is presented consisting of two fundamental phases (α and β) of Ni(OH)(2) and a range of possible structural disorder arising from factors such as impurities, hydration, and crystal defects. For the first time, all of the lattice modes of β-Ni(OH)(2) have been identified and assigned using factor group analysis. Ni(OH)(2) films can be rapidly identified in pure and mixed samples using Raman or IR spectroscopy by measuring their strong O-H stretching modes, which act as fingerprints. Thus, this work establishes methods to measure the phase, or phases, and disorder at a Ni(OH)(2) sample surface and to correlate desired chemical properties to their structural origins.
Reading Mendelian randomisation studies: a guide, glossary, and checklist for clinicians (2018)

Mendelian randomisation is a research method that provides evidence about putative causal relations between modifiable risk factors and disease, using genetic variants as natural experiments
Synthesis and Anticancer Effect of B‐Ring Trifluoromethylated Flavonoids. (2003)

Abstract For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
To Prime, or Not to Prime: That Is the Question (2016)

Mitochondrial priming is regulated by the B-cell lymphoma 2 (BCL-2) family of proteins and determines a cell's "readiness" for apoptosis. A highly primed cell will undergo apoptosis more easily than an unprimed cell in response to apoptotic stimuli via the intrinsic apoptotic pathway. Priming can be measured via BH3 profiling, which uses BH3 peptides derived from the BH3 domain of pro-apoptotic BH3-only BCL-2 family members to provoke a response from viable mitochondria. BH3 profiling can be performed on tumor cells and can identify mechanisms a cell uses to evade apoptosis and anti-apoptotic dependency to the anti-apoptotic BCL-2 family members. Priming correlates with chemosensitivity of patients in multiple cancers. Therapeutics that enhances priming of patient tumor cells ex vivo could be used to aid therapeutic decisions for patients in the future.
Experimental study of flexible injection to manufacture parts of strong curvature (2011)

Abstract Flexible injection (FI) is a new process for the manufacture of high performance composites, which consists of injecting a thermosetting resin through a fibrous reinforcement contained in the lower chamber of a double cavity mold. Resin is injected in the lower cavity, which is sealed by a membrane, and then a compaction fluid is injected in the upper chamber to compress the reinforcement. This new composite manufacturing technique, which allows a limited and controlled deformation of the flexible membrane during processing, was shown to be very effective in reducing filling times in the case of planar or slightly curved geometries. In the present study, flexible injection is applied to strongly curved parts, namely here a composite rectangular panel with two 90° corners. After setting up an experimental procedure to produce the stair‐shaped components out of fiberglass and vinylester resin, longitudinal cross‐sections of the parts are analyzed to assess the quality of the final product in both the flat and curved zones. This characterization method allows detecting manufacturing defects such as thickness gradients or resin‐rich zones. Such defects are likely to induce geometrical deformations of the component and may decrease its mechanical performance. Therefore they ought to be minimized to improve the overall quality of the part. Modifications of the manufacturing procedure are proposed in this article to decrease the importance of process‐induced defaults and improve the performance of the flexible injection. POLYM. COMPOS., 2011. © 2011 Society of Plastics Engineers