gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
On holographic transform compression of images (2000)

Abstract Lossy transform compression of images is successful and widespread. The JPEG standard uses the discrete cosine transform on blocks of the image and a bit allocation process that takes advantage of the uneven energy distribution in the transform domain. For most images, 10:1 compression ratios can be achieved with no visible degradations. However, suppose that multiple versions of the compressed image exist in a distributed environment such as the internet, and several of them could be made available upon request. The classical approach would provide no improvement in the image quality if more than one version of the compressed image became available. In this paper, we propose a method, based on multiple description scalar quantization, that yields decompressed image quality that improves with the number of compressed versions available. © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Int J Imaging Syst Technol, 11, 292–314, 2000
Distributed Spintronic/CMOS Sensor Network for Thermal-Aware Systems (2020)

Recent developments in IC technology rely on device scaling and 3-D integration, resulting in billions of devices compacted into a small area. These trends degrade the lifetime and reliability of the system due to an increase in temperature caused by high power densities. Dynamically managing a system based on the thermal characteristics is important to mitigate this issue. An on-chip thermal-aware system composed of hundreds of distributed thermal sensors is proposed. A hybrid spintronic/CMOS-based thermal sensor is described that exploits the thermal response and small area of an antiparallel magnetic tunnel junction. The sensor cell consumes as little as 500 pJ to read 1024 thermal sensor nodes and generates a thermal map of a system composed of 32 × 32 thermal sensors. The sensor cell exhibits a thermal linearity (R <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> ) up to 0.983 and a thermal sensitivity of 1.91 mV/K over the commercial temperature range of 0 °C to 85 °C while consuming 32 μW.
Machine learning for self-tuning optical systems (2019)

We demonstrate that emerging innovations in machine learning and adaptive control provides an ideal integration platform for self-tuning optics. We show they can achieve self-tuning and near-optimal performance in mode-locked lasers.
Interpretation of Microbial Oil Recovery from Laboratory Experiments (2005)

C27 INTERPRETATION OF MICROBIAL OIL RECOVERY FROM LABORATORY EXPERIMENTS Abstract 1 Microbial Improved Oil Recovery (MIOR) involves stimulation of oil-degrading bacteria in order to mobilize previously trapped and bypassed oil. This paper presents a bacteria stimulated aerobic core experiment together with microbiological analyses and measurements of the impact aerobic bacteria may have on the interfacial tension (IFT). In addition the potential for improved recovery when including the measured IFT reduction is investigated by simulating a surfactant flood on a field scale model. The effect of microbial activity on relative permeabilities residual oil saturation IFT wetting properties etc. is important in
Stability of (1100) m-Plane GaN Films Grown by Metalorganic Chemical Vapor Deposition (2006)

We show the stability of planar nonpolar (1100) m -plane GaN thin films grown on m -plane 6H–SiC substrates using an AlN nucleation layer (NL) by metalorganic chemical vapor deposition (MOCVD). The stability of the m -plane GaN films was studied for a wide range of growth variables including reactor pressure, temperature, and group III and V flow rates. The surface morphology and crystal quality of the m -plane GaN films were less sensitive to changes in these growth variables than those of nonpolar (1120) a -plane heteroepitaxial planar GaN films. The threading dislocation density of m -GaN on m -plane 6H–SiC was one order of magnitude lower than that of a -GaN on a -plane 6H–SiC.
High throughput multichannel fluorescence microscopy with microlens arrays (2014)

We present a multichannel fluorescence microscopy technique for high throughput imaging applications. A microlens array with over 140,000 elements is used to image centimeter-scale samples at up to 18.1 megapixels per second. Large field-of-view multichannel fluorescent imaging is demonstrated in both sequential and parallel geometries. The extended dynamic range of this approach is also discussed.
Protein Ubiquitin is an Immunophilin (2002)

The intracellular class of proteins that bind the interleukin-2 suppressing drugs (cyclosporin, tacrolimus, and sirolimus) are called immunophilins. It is believed that the drugs do not act directly on T cells to cause immunosuppression. Instead, there is evidence that drug-immunophilin complexes are responsible for the therapeutic effect. In this work, evidence is presented that ubiquitin is an immunophilin. Ubiquitin is a highly conserved protein essential to an important pathway that targets proteins for proteolysis. The interaction of these drugs could cause accelerated proteolysis of a key protein for T-cell upregulation or could cause the inhibition of proteolysis of a T-cell suppressor. It was also shown that when ubiquitin is complexed with tacrolimus, the complex inhibits calcineurin phosphatase, and it is known that immunosuppression with these drugs occurs concurrently with a decrease in the activity of this enzyme. The discovery of ubiquitin as an immunophilin has opened many new avenues to explore in relation to the effects of these drugs.
On Classification of Graph Streams (2011)

In this paper, we will examine the problem of classification of massive graph streams. The problem of classification has been widely studied in the database and data mining community. The graph domain poses significant challenges because of the structural nature of the data. The stream scenario is even more challenging, and has not been very well studied in the literature. This is because the underlying graphs can be scanned only once in the stream setting, and it is difficult to extract the relevant structural information from the graphs. In many practical applications, the graphs may be defined over a very large set of nodes. The massive domain size of the underlying graph makes it difficult to learn summary structural information for the classification problem, and particularly so in the case of data streams. In order to address these challenges, we proposed a probabilistic approach for constructing an “in-memory” summary of the underlying structural data. This summary determines the discriminative patterns in the underlying graph with the use of a 2-dimensional hashing scheme. We provide probabilistic bounds on the quality of the patterns determined by the process, and experimentally demonstrate the quality on a number of real data sets.
Metabolic effects of overnight continuous infusion of unacylated ghrelin in humans (2012)

Exposure to the i.v. administration of UAG improves glucose metabolism and inhibits lipolysis in healthy volunteers. Thus, in contrast to the diabetogenic action of AG, UAG displays hypoglycemic properties.
<title>Majority-selection de-interlacing: an advanced motion-compensated spatiotemporal interpolation technique for interlaced video</title> (2000)

De-interlacing of interlaced video doubles the number of lines per picture. As the video signal is sub-Nyquist sampled in the vertical and temporal dimension, standard up-conversion or interpolation filters cannot be applied. This may explain the large number of de-interlacing algorithms that have been proposed in the literature, ranging from simple intra-field de-interlacing methods to the advanced motion-compensated (MC) methods. MC de-interlacing methods are generally far superior over the non-MC ones. However, it seems difficult to combine robustness of a MC de-interlacing algorithm for incorrect motion vectors with the ability to preserve high spatial frequencies. The Majority-Selection de-interlacer, as proposed in this paper, provides a means to combine several strengths of individual de-interlacing algorithms into a single output signal.
Resource-constrained compaction of sequential circuit test sets (2002)

We investigate a new, resource-constrained method for static compaction of large, sequential circuit test sets. Our approach is based on two key observations: (1) since all physical defects cannot be covered using a single defect model, test sets include tests generated using multiple defect models like stuck-at, delay, or bridging fault models. Therefore, it is unlikely that a marginal drop (0.5% or less) in fault coverage during compaction of tests generated for a single defect model will adversely affect the test quality of the overall test set. (2) Fault coverage is an aggregate measure that can be preserved as long as the original and compacted test sets detect the same number of faults. The specific faults detected by the two test sets can be significantly different. In particular, the compacted vector set may detect new faults that are not detected by the original vector set. The new compaction technique was implemented as part of the recently proposed two-phase static compaction technique. Experimental results on ISCAS benchmarks and several production circuits show that: (1) the actual loss in fault coverage, if any, was significantly less than the pre-specified tolerance limit of 1%; (2) fault coverage of the compacted test set can be higher than the original test set; and (3) significantly higher compaction is achieved using fewer CPU seconds, as compared to the baseline system that compacts test sets to preserve fault coverage.
Short Acquisition Time Super-Resolution Ultrasound Microvessel Imaging via Microbubble Separation (2020)

Super-resolution ultrasound localization microscopy (ULM), based on localization and tracking of individual microbubbles (MBs), offers unprecedented microvascular imaging resolution at clinically relevant penetration depths. However, ULM is currently limited by the requirement of dilute MB concentrations to ensure spatially sparse MB events for accurate localization and tracking. The corresponding long imaging acquisition times (tens of seconds or several minutes) to accumulate sufficient isolated MB events for full reconstruction of microvasculature preclude the clinical translation of the technique. To break this fundamental tradeoff between acquisition time and MB concentration, in this paper we propose to separate spatially overlapping MB events into sub-populations, each with sparser MB concentration, based on spatiotemporal differences in the flow dynamics (flow speeds and directions). MB localization and tracking are performed for each sub-population separately, permitting more robust ULM imaging of high-concentration MB injections. The superiority of the proposed MB separation technique over conventional ULM processing is demonstrated in flow channel phantom data, and in the chorioallantoic membrane of chicken embryos with optical imaging as an in vivo reference standard. Substantial improvement of ULM is further demonstrated on a chicken embryo tumor xenograft model and a chicken brain, showing both morphological and functional microvasculature details at super-resolution within a short acquisition time (several seconds). The proposed technique allows more robust MB localization and tracking at relatively high MB concentrations, alleviating the need for dilute MB injections, and thereby shortening the acquisition time of ULM imaging and showing great potential for clinical translation.
Tamoxifen modulation of cisplatin sensitivity in human malignant melanoma cells. (1993)

Tamoxifen (TAM) markedly increases the response rate of malignant melanoma to treatment with cisplatin (DDP), carmustine, and dacarbazine, and we have previously reported that there is a highly synergistic interaction between TAM and DDP with respect to the cytotoxic effect against the human melanoma cell line T-289 (E. F. Mc Clay et al., Cancer Res., 52: 6790-6796, 1992). The mechanism underlying synergy was investigated by examining the effect of selection for either DDP or TAM resistance on the magnitude of the synergy quantitated by median effect analysis. The combination index at 50% cell kill was 0.26 +/- 0.02 (SD) for parental T-289 cells (indicating marked synergy), 0.54 +/- 0.14 for cells selected for low-level DDP resistance (indicating moderate synergy), and 1.39 +/- 0.20 for cells selected for low-level TAM resistance (indicating antagonism). Thus, factors that regulate DDP sensitivity have a moderate effect on reducing the DDP/TAM synergy, but determinants of TAM sensitivity have a major effect. The known biochemical effects of TAM include antagonism of estrogen at the estrogen receptor (ER) and inhibition of calmodulin and protein kinase C activity. T-289 cells contained undetectable amounts of ER by the dextran-coated charcoal assay and expressed only trace amounts of ER mRNA, and another more avid ER antagonist, droloxifene, failed to interact synergistically with DDP. N-(6-Aminohexyl)-5-chloro-1-naphthalenesulfonamide (W-7), a potent calmodulin antagonist, failed to demonstrate synergy with DDP, and activation of protein kinase C, instead of interacting antagonistically with DDP, yielded synergy. TAM did not alter the cell cycle phase perturbation produced by exposure to DDP alone. We conclude that the synergy between TAM and DDP is not mediated by the effects of TAM on the ER, calmodulin, protein kinase C, or cell cycle regulation. However, the factors that determine cellular sensitivity to TAM also determine whether TAM interacts synergistically with DDP.
Integrated electroacoustic transducer with built-in bias (1985)

First Page
Automatic text-independent pronunciation scoring of foreign language student speech (2002)

SRI International is currently involved in the development of a new generation of software systems for automatic scoring of pronunciation as part of the Voice Interactive Language Training System (VILTS) project. This paper describes the goals of the VILTS system, the speech corpus and the algorithm development. The automatic grading system uses SRI's Decipher/sup TM/ continuous speech recognition system to generate phonetic segmentations that are used to produce pronunciation scores at the end of each lesson. The scores produced by the system are similar to those of expert human listeners. Unlike previous approaches, in which models were built for specific sentences or phrases, we present a new family of algorithms designed to perform well even when knowledge of the exact text to be used is not available.
In vitro photodynamic activity of diprotonated sapphyrin: a 22-.pi.-electron pentapyrrolic porphyrin-like macrocycle (1990)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTIn vitro photodynamic activity of diprotonated sapphyrin: a 22-.pi.-electron pentapyrrolic porphyrin-like macrocycleBhaskar G. Maiya, Mike. Cyr, Anthony. Harriman, and Jonathan L. SesslerCite this: J. Phys. Chem. 1990, 94, 9, 3597–3601Publication Date (Print):May 1, 1990Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 May 1990https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/j100372a043https://doi.org/10.1021/j100372a043research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views148Altmetric-Citations46LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access options Get e-Alerts
Identification and Characterization of an Insulin-Like Receptor Involved in Crustacean Reproduction (2015)

Sexual differentiation and maintenance of masculinity in crustaceans has been suggested as being regulated by a single androgenic gland (AG) insulin-like peptide (IAG). However, downstream elements involved in the signaling cascade remain unknown. Here we identified and characterized a gene encoding an insulin-like receptor in the prawn Macrobrachium rosenbergii (Mr-IR), the first such gene detected in a decapod crustacean. In mining for IRs and other insulin signaling-related genes, we constructed a comprehensive M. rosenbergii transcriptomic library from multiple sources. In parallel we sequenced the complete Mr-IR cDNA, confirmed in the wide transcriptomic library. Mr-IR expression was detected in most tissues in both males and females, including the AG and gonads. To study Mr-IR function, we performed long-term RNA interference (RNAi) silencing in young male prawns. Although having no effect on growth, Mr-IR silencing advanced the appearance of a male-specific secondary trait. The most noted effects of Mr-IR silencing were hypertrophy of the AG and the associated increased production of Mr-IAG, with an unusual abundance of immature sperm cells being seen in the distal sperm duct. A ligand blot assay using de novo recombinant Mr-IAG confirmed the existence of a ligand-receptor interaction. Whereas these results suggest a role for Mr-IR in the regulation of the AG, we did not see any sexual shift after silencing of Mr-IR, as occurred when the ligand-encoding Mr-IAG gene was silenced. This suggests that sexual differentiation in crustaceans involve more than a single Mr-IAG receptor, emphasizing the complexity of sexual differentiation and maintenance.
List Output and Soft Symbol Output Viterbi Algorithms: Extensions and Connections (2005)

The Viterbi Algorithm (VA) is the optimum decoding algorithm for a convolutional code. Improvements in the performance of a concatenated coding system that uses VA decoding (inner decoder) can be obtained when, in addition to the stanard output, an indicator of the reliability of the VA decision is delivered to the outer stage of processing. Two different approaches of extending the VA are considered. In the first approach, the VA is extended with a Soft Output unit (SOVA) that calculates, based on the difference between the cumulative metrics of the two paths merging at each time instant and state, reliability values for each of the decoded information symbols. In the second approach, coding gains are obtained by delivering, in addition to the best path, the next L - 1 best estimates of the transmitted data sequence. Here, the output format is a list of size L. This is a List VA (LVA). In this work, we evaluate LVA and SOVA in comparison to each other and attain extended versions of LVA and SOVA with low complexity that implement the other algorithm. We construct and evaluate a List-SOVA using the reliability information of the SOVA to generate a list of size L and that also has a lower complexity than the LVA for a long list size. Further, we introduce a low complexity algorithm that accepts the list output of the LVA and calculates for each of the decoded information bits a reliability value. The complexity and the performance of this Soft-LVA is a function of the list size L. The performances of Soft-LVA and SOVA are compared in concatenated coding systems.
Isolation and characterization of new allosamidins. (1991)

Three of new allosamidins, termed glucoallosamidins A (5), B (6) and methyl-N-demethyl-allosamidin (4), were isolated as yeast chitinase inhibitors from the mycelium of Streptomyces sp. SA-684.
An Ontology-Based Text Mining Method to Develop D-Matrix From Unstructured Text (2013)

Fault dependency (D)-matrix is a systematic diagnostic model [7] to capture the hierarchical system-level fault diagnostic information consisting of dependencies between observable symptoms and failure modes associated with a system. Constructing a D-matrix from first principles and updating it using the domain knowledge is a labor intensive and time consuming task. Further, in-time augmentation of D-matrix through the discovery of new symptoms and failure modes observed for the first time is a challenging task. Here, we describe an ontology-based text mining method for automatically constructing and updating a D-matrix by mining hundreds of thousands of repair verbatim (typically written in unstructured text) collected during the diagnosis episodes. In our approach, we first construct the fault diagnosis ontology consisting of concepts and relationships commonly observed in the fault diagnosis domain. Next, we employ the text mining algorithms that make use of this ontology to identify the necessary artifacts, such as parts, symptoms, failure modes, and their dependencies from the unstructured repair verbatim text. The proposed method is implemented as a prototype tool and validated by using real-life data collected from the automobile domain.
In-plane strain modification of polarization behavior of vertical-cavity surface-emitting lasers (2001)

We demonstrate experimentally how an external mechanical stress applied to a VCSEL wafer results in an in-plane anisotropic strain, which dramatically alters the polarization behavior of our VCSELs. In the presence of in-plane strain, the VCSEL still emits linearly polarized light but its direction strongly depends on the magnitude and the orientation of the strain (with respect to the crystal co-ordinate system). The latter behavior can be understood by taking into account the elasto-optic effect and the proper strain distribution. Furthermore, for a specific range in magnitude and orientation of the externally induced strain, current induced polarization switching between the two fundamental modes (with orthogonal linear polarization) is present in a reproducible way. The current at which switching occurs strongly depends on the magnitude of the external stress and can be tuned in the whole region of single-mode operation. These effects can be explained by accounting for the anisotropy of the valence band. The latter is induced by the in-plane uniaxial strain, leading to a modification of density of states and effective masses for different directions in the plane of the QW, and henceforth to a gain anisotropy and a different gain curve for each of the two polarization modes. Furthermore, the frequency splitting between the two cavity eigenmodes (also a result of the stress via the elasto-optic effect) has to be taken into account. We will discuss how the gain anisotropy changes with current, lattice temperature and carrier density, and how all these determine the polarization behaviour of VCSELs.
Liquid‐Phase Catalytic Processing of Biomass‐Derived Oxygenated Hydrocarbons to Fuels and Chemicals (2007)

Biomass has the potential to serve as a sustainable source of energy and organic carbon for our industrialized society. The focus of this Review is to present an overview of chemical catalytic transformations of biomass-derived oxygenated feedstocks (primarily sugars and sugar-alcohols) in the liquid phase to value-added chemicals and fuels, with specific examples emphasizing the development of catalytic processes based on an understanding of the fundamental reaction chemistry. The key reactions involved in the processing of biomass are hydrolysis, dehydration, isomerization, aldol condensation, reforming, hydrogenation, and oxidation. Further, it is discussed how ideas based on fundamental chemical and catalytic concepts lead to strategies for the control of reaction pathways and process conditions to produce H(2)/CO(2) or H(2)/CO gas mixtures by aqueous-phase reforming, to produce furan compounds by selective dehydration of carbohydrates, and to produce liquid alkanes by the combination of aldol condensation and dehydration/hydrogenation processes.