gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
<title>MPEG-4 coding of ultrasound sequences</title> (2000)

MPEG-4 is a new standard for compressing and presenting many types of multimedia content, such as video, audio, and synthetic 2D and 3D graphics. New features include support for user interaction and flexible display of multiple video bitstreams. The basis of these new capabilities is object- based video coding, in which a video image is represented as a set of regions of interest, or video objects, that are coded independently. At the decoder, users decode, compose and manipulate video objects from one or more bitstreams in a single display. In this work, we examine the feasibility of using MPEG-4 for coding ultrasound sequences. In preliminary results, the compression performance of MPEG-4 was comparable to H.264 and a bit savings of at least 15 percent was possible when coding static objects as sprites. The flexible compositing capability of MPEG-4 was demonstrated by dividing an ultrasound machine's display into video objects and encoding each video object as a separate bitstream. Video objects form different bitstreams were decoded and composited on a single display using an MPEG-4 decoder to demonstrate side-by-side comparisons of ultrasound scans. Until now, these compositing capabilities were only available using proprietary PACS display systems. Using MPEG-4 to deliver ultrasound allows any MPEG-4- compliant decoder to perform these functions.
A new phasing scheme for multitone signal systems to reduce peak-to-average power ratio (1997)

This paper proposes a new phasing scheme to achieve a very small peak-to-average power ratio (PAPR) of multitone signals. With this phasing scheme, the peak envelope power (PEP) of multitone signals is suppressed even when the number of tones increases. The required dynamic range for a radio circuit that deals with multitone signals can be reduced if PEP of multitone signals can be reduced. This leads to power consumption reduction or miniaturization in the radio circuit. The proposed scheme is derived from the instantaneous envelope power of multitone signals in an algebraic manner. The PAPR of multiple, double-sideband amplitude-modulated (DSB-AM) signals is also evaluated since the initial phase of each carrier component is invariant in amplitude modulation. Numerical results indicate that the proposed scheme yields PAPR within 3.01 dB for up to 300 tones and that PAPR approaches 2.65 dB as the tone number increases. Experimental results obtained by using CWs and DSB-AM signals confirm the validity of the proposed scheme. © 1997 Scripta Technica, Inc. Electron Comm Jpn Pt 1, 80 (1): 89–99, 1997
N-Hydroxyurea and Acyl Nitroso Compounds as Nitroxyl (HNO) and Nitric Oxide (NO) Donors (2005)

Hydroxyurea has emerged as a new therapy for sickle cell disease but a complete mechanistic description of its beneficial actions does not exist. Patients taking hydroxyurea show evidence for the in vivo conversion of hydroxyurea to nitric oxide (NO), which also has drawn interest as a sickle cell disease treatment. While the chemical oxidation of hydroxyurea produces NO or NO-related products, NO formation from the reactions of hydroxyurea and hemoglobin do not occur fast enough to account for the observed increases in patients taking hydroxyurea. Both horseradish peroxidase and catalase catalyze the rapid formation of nitric oxide and nitroxyl (HNO) from hydroxyurea. In these reactions, hydroxyurea is converted to an acyl nitroso species that hydrolyzes to form HNO. The ferric heme protein then oxidizes HNO to NO that combines with the heme iron to form a ferrous-NO complex that may act as an NO donor. In general, acyl nitroso compounds, regardless of the method of their preparation, hydrolyze to form HNO and the corresponding carboxylic acid derivative. Similarly, the incubation of blood and hydroxyurea with urease rapidly form NO-related species suggesting the initial urease-mediated hydrolysis of hydroxyurea to hydroxylamine, which then reacts quickly with hemoglobin to form these products. These studies present two NO releasing mechanisms from hydroxyurea that are kinetically competent with clinical observations.
Infectious Disease Management and Control with Povidone Iodine (2019)

With reports of vancomycin-resistant enterococci recently emerging in hospital settings, renewed focus is turning to the importance of multifaceted infection prevention efforts. Careful compliance with established hygiene practices by healthcare workers together with effective antiseptic options is essential for the protection of patients from infectious agents. For over 60 years, povidone iodine (PVP-I) formulations have been shown to limit the impact and spread of infectious diseases with potent antiviral, antibacterial and antifungal effects. In addition to a lack of reported resistance, the benefits of PVP-I include an excellent safety profile and a broad spectrum of effect due to its multimodal action. Studies have shown that hand washing with PVP-I-based antiseptics is effective for the decontamination of skin, while PVP-I mouthwashes and gargles significantly reduce viral load in the oral cavity and the oropharynx. The importance of PVP-I has been emphasised by its inclusion in the World Health Organization's list of essential medicines, and high potency for virucidal activity has been observed against viruses of significant global concern, including hepatitis A and influenza, as well as the Middle-East Respiratory Syndrome and Sudden Acute Respiratory Syndrome coronaviruses. Together with its diverse applications in antimicrobial control, broad accessibility across the globe, and outstanding safety and tolerability profile, PVP-I offers an affordable, potent, and widely available antiseptic option.Funding Mundipharma Singapore Holding Pte Limited.
The Radical Status Factor (RSF): a novel metric to characterize skin products (2012)

A scale of skin treatments is analysed, which bases on the detection of UV-generated free radicals in pig skin. Physiological and anatomical similarities between man and pig made this animal a good model for man in many research areas. The determination of the Radical Status (free radical response) offers the possibility to see in an early stage the effect of exterior and interior influences. The detection of the skin's response after a normalized radical generation by defined UV dose combined with the application of external and internal influences enables a comprehensive and easy classification of skin products and therapies. The effect of substances, especially, applied topically on the skin, like it is usual in cosmetics and pharmacy, can be classified. The relevance of the RSF method is demonstrated with the application of numerous different treatments on the skin.
Taxonomy of cloud computing services (2010)

Cloud computing is a highly discussed topic, and many big players of the software industry are entering the development of cloud services. Several companies want to explore the possibilities and benefits of cloud computing, but with the amount of cloud computing services increasing quickly, the need for a taxonomy framework rises. This paper describes the available cloud computing services, and proposes a tree-structured taxonomy based on their characteristics, to easily classify cloud computing services making it easier to compare them.
Exploring collaboration with group pointer interaction (2004)

Enabling group collaboration is important in computer graphics today. We have developed a framework that supports multiple pointing devices to explore the collaborative utility of multiple mice and laser pointer interaction in graphical environments. Because most pointing device comparisons are done in the context of single user performance, very little is known about the affordances of collaborating with multiple pointing devices. We present an experimental comparison of mouse pointer to laser pointer interaction in a problem-solving task involving groups of one, two, and three people. We show that collaborative performance is largely orthogonal to motor performance and that the interaction patterns are dependent on the task and on the group size. This suggests that the collaborative characteristics of a pointing device are just as important as the physical characteristics that are usually given the most attention, such as precision and accuracy.
On-road computer vision based obstacle detection (2002)

Applying computer technology to vehicle driving has been studied for many years. In this research field, obstacle detection plays an important role in assisting drivers with warning mechanism when some dangerous situations may happen. In this paper, we propose a fast method for detecting and tracking bikes, pedestrians, and vehicles in front of a moving vehicle. In order to detect bikes and pedestrians efficiently, we apply a simplified fast stereo vision method to estimate their approximate positions. On the other hand, we apply the so-called sign pattern technique to estimate the vehicle positions. After that, different methods are used to classify and confirm different kinds of obstacles for adapting their heterogeneity.
Elucidating Combinatorial Chromatin States by Co-ImmunoPrecipitation (comb-ChIP) (2016)

Abstract Chromatin ImmunoPrecipitation followed by massively parallel sequencing (ChIP-Seq) has been instrumental to our current view of chromatin structure and function, and identifies correlating histone marks, which together demarcate biologically-relevant domains. However, as with most genome-wide assays, ChIP-seq is an ensemble measurement that reports on the average occupancy of individual modifications in a population of cells. Consequently, our understanding of the combinatorial nature of chromatin states relies almost exclusively on spatial correlations. Here, we report the development of a novel protocol, called indexed Combinatorial ChIP (comb-ChIP), which has the power to determine the genome-wide co-occurrence of histone marks at single nucleosome resolution. We show that at regions of overlapping ChIP signals, certain combinations of marks (H3K36me3 and H3K79me3) tend to co-occur on the same nucleosome, while other combinations (H3K4me3 and H3K36me3) do not, reflecting differences in the underlying chromatin pathways. We further use comb-ChIP to detect changes in histone mark co-occurrence upon genetic perturbation, illuminating new aspects of the Set2-RPD3S pathway. Overall, comb-ChIP promises to greatly improve our understanding of the structural and functional complexity of chromatin.
Residues of some veterinary drugs in animals and foods : monographs (1995)

Monographs: azaperone carazolol dexamethasone dihydrostreptomycin and streptomycin enrofloxacin gentamicin neomycin oxolinic acid spiramycin. Summary of evaluations recommendations on the compounds.
HIV and the brain. (2010)

Right from the early years of the epidemic, researchers have recognized that HIV can affect the brain. Before effective antiretroviral therapy (ART), people with AIDS were susceptible to a variety of opportunistic infections of the brain, as well as HIV-related dementia. With the advent of effective combination ART in the mid-1990s, the prevalence of both conditions declined dramatically in areas with widespread access to treatment. Less severe neurocognitive impairment, however, remains common. In fact, some research indicates that the frequency of HIV-related neurological impairment is rising as people with HIV live longer.
Recent Advances in Drug Delivery Systems for Anti-Diabetic Drugs: A Review (2014)

Almost 200 million people worldwide are found to be affected by Diabetes mellitus (DM). DM is a metabolic disorder which occurs due to reduced insulin action and/or insulin secretion in the body. Reduced or inactive insulin results in imbalanced food metabolism. With the progression of disease, pathological changes like nephropathy, retinopathy and cardiovascular complications start occurring in the body. DM is mainly categorized into 2 types: type 1 DM and type 2 DM. Type 1 is generally treated through insulin replacement therapy. Type 2 DM is treated with oral hypoglycemics. Oral hypoglycemics are classified into 5 types: sulfonylureas, biguanides, α-glucosidase inhibitors, meglitinide analogues and thiazolidinediones. Conventional dosage forms of most of these drugs bear some drawbacks such as frequent dosing, short half live, and low bioavailability. Therefore, to alleviate the drawbacks associated with conventional dosage forms, efforts have been made in the area of novel and controlled drug delivery system for oral hypoglycemics. Present review highlights various novel and controlled drug delivery systems that have been investigated by different researchers for achieving sustained and controlled drug delivery of oral hypoglycemics and for overcoming the limitations related with the conventional dosage forms of oral hypoglycemics.
Por uma arte do quase-nada: a arte povera, do ponto de vista da sociologia do cotidiano (2008)

Este texto busca expandir, sobre o ponto de vista da sociologia do cotidiano, a importância da arte do quase-nada na constituição do laço social que forma a socialidade contemporânea.
A blind multichannel combiner for long range underwater communications (2002)

This paper presents the development and performance of blind algorithms for a spatial diversity scheme to enable reliable data telemetry over a long range underwater acoustic channel. A number of Bussgang based stochastic gradient algorithms were tested for this multipath channel with additive white and coloured shipping noise. Both simulation and real experimental tests have shown that a significant improvement is obtained by utilising the spatial diversity of the long range channel and the ability of the combiner to perform joint equalisation and carrier phase tracking.
ChemInform Abstract: Anticoagulant Effect of Isoxazolidine‐3,5‐diones. (1986)

Abstract Für die Untersuchung auf anticoagulante Wirkung werden die Isoxazolone (III) und (V) hergestellt.
Fire in the Earth System (2009)

Fire is a worldwide phenomenon that appears in the geological record soon after the appearance of terrestrial plants. Fire influences global ecosystem patterns and processes, including vegetation distribution and structure, the carbon cycle, and climate. Although humans and fire have always coexisted, our capacity to manage fire remains imperfect and may become more difficult in the future as climate change alters fire regimes. This risk is difficult to assess, however, because fires are still poorly represented in global models. Here, we discuss some of the most important issues involved in developing a better understanding of the role of fire in the Earth system.
Plant Defensins and Defensin-Like Peptides - Biological Activities and Biotechnological Applications (2011)

Plant defensins are cationic peptides that are ubiquitous within the plant kingdom and belong to a large superfamily of antimicrobial peptides found in several organisms collectively called defensins. The primary structure of these peptides includes 45 to 54 amino acid residues with considerable sequence variation. At the level of three-dimensional structure, they are small and globular, composed of three anti-parallel β-sheets and one α-helix, which is highly conserved among these peptides. The three-dimensional structure is stabilized by four disulfide bridges formed by eight strictly conserved Cys residues. Two of these bridges compose the Cys-stabilized α-helix β-strand motif, which is found in other peptides with biological activities. Plant defensins present numerous biological activities, such as inhibiting protein synthesis, ion channel function and α-amylase and trypsin activity; impairing microbial, root hair and parasitic plant growth; mediating abiotic stress and Zn tolerance; altering ascorbic acid redox state; stimulating sweet taste sensation; serving as epigenetic factors; affecting self-incompatibility; and promoting male reproductive development. Some of these biological activities, such as microbial growth inhibition and sweet taste induction, coupled with a scaffold that provides these peptides with incredible physicochemical resistance to harsh environments and the potential for simple amino acid substitution, raise the opportunity to improve the function of defensins or introduce new activities, endowing these peptides with great biotechnological and medical significance. This review will cover the biological activities and roles of plant defensins and will focus on their application in the field of biotechnology.
MetaRanker 2.0: a web server for prioritization of genetic variation data (2013)

MetaRanker 2.0 is a web server for prioritization of common and rare frequency genetic variation data. Based on heterogeneous data sets including genetic association data, protein-protein interactions, large-scale text-mining data, copy number variation data and gene expression experiments, MetaRanker 2.0 prioritizes the protein-coding part of the human genome to shortlist candidate genes for targeted follow-up studies. MetaRanker 2.0 is made freely available at www.cbs.dtu.dk/services/MetaRanker-2.0.
Purification and characterization of wheat germ DNA topoisomerase I (nicking-closing enzyme). (1981)

Wheat germ contains an enzyme capable of removing supercoils from circular DNA. We have purified this enzyme using Polymin P fractionation, ammonium sulfate precipitation, and chromatography on Bio-Rex 70 and phenyl-Sepharose. Renaturation after electrophoresis on sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gels shows that topoisomerase activity is associated with a polypeptide with a Mr = about 111,000. The enzyme is similar to other eukaryotic type I DNA topoisomerases (nicking-closing enzymes) by the following criteria: it is capable of increasing or decreasing the topological linking number of covalently closed DNA substrate; it is capable of restoring an equilibrium distribution of linking numbers to DNA substrate with a single unique linking number; and it does not require magnesium ion or ATP for activity.
Is Combining Classifiers Better than Selecting the Best One (2002)

We empirically evaluate several state-of-the-art methods for constructing ensembles of heterogeneous classifiers with stacking and show that they perform (at best) comparably to selecting the best classifier from the ensemble by cross validation. We then propose a new method for stacking, that uses multi-response model trees at the meta-level, and show that it clearly outperforms existing stacking approaches and selecting the best classifier by cross validation.
Protective effect of FK506 in the reperfusion model after short-term occlusion of middle cerebral artery in the rat: Assessment by autoradiography using [<sup>125</sup>I]PK-11195 (2000)

The protective effect of the immunosuppressant agent FK506 in the reperfusion after short-term occlusion of the middle cerebral artery in the rat model was evaluated using [125I]PK-11195 autoradiography. FK506 0.5 mg kg-1 day-1 was administered intramurally to Wistar rats weighing 260-300 g from one day prior to ischemia to seven days after ischemia. Reperfusion was performed after 30 or 60 min occlusion. Infarct area was evaluated by [125I]PK-11195 autoradiography on the seventh day following occlusion. FK506 significantly reduced the infarct area in the caudate nucleus following 30 and 60 min occlusion, but significantly reduced the infarct area in the cortex only following 60 min occlusion. These results suggest that FK506 has a protective effect against reperfusion after short-term occlusion of the middle cerebral artery.
Effects of Human Respiratory Syncytial Virus, Metapneumovirus, Parainfluenza Virus 3 and Influenza Virus on CD4+ T Cell Activation by Dendritic Cells (2010)

Understanding the basis for the ability of HRSV in particular to symptomatically re-infect without significant antigenic change is of considerable interest. The present results show that these common respiratory viruses are similar in their ability to induce DC to activate CD4+ T cells. Thus, the results do not support the common model in which viral suppression of CD4+ T cell activation and proliferation by HRSV, HMPV, and HPIV3 is a major factor in the difference in re-infectability compared to IAV.
Seclusion and Restraint in Patients With Schizophrenia (2007)

Seclusion and restraint represent adverse experiences that cause negative attitudes against psychiatric treatment and psychopathologic sequels such as posttraumatic stress disorder. We examined 117 consecutive admissions with schizophrenia, with an average of 8.7 previous admissions. Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale and Global Assessment of Functioning were obtained at admission and discharge, and traumatic events in the biography were recorded using the Posttraumatic Diagnostic Scale. Twenty-four men (42.9%) and 18 women (29.0%) had experienced seclusion or restraint in their psychiatric history. Seclusion or restraint during the present admission was best predicted in a logistic regression model by physical aggressive behavior [odds ratio (OR), 11.5] and the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale hostility item at admission (OR, 23.6). Seclusion or restraint ever in the psychiatric history, however, was mostly associated with lifetime exposure to life-threatening traumatic events (OR, 7.2). We conclude that exposure to traumatic events in the biography severely enhances the risk of revictimization and retraumatization during inpatient treatment.
Nitric oxide and pregnancy (1997)

This review will consider whether nitric oxide (NO) contributes to maternal systemic vasodilation during pregnancy, regulates uterine and fetoplacental blood flow, and is involved in uterine quiescence prior to parturition. Also, whether a deficiency of NO contributes to the hypertensive disorder of pregnancy, preeclampsia, will be considered. The biosynthesis of NO increases in gravid rats and sheep, but the status in normal human pregnancy and preeclampsia is controversial. NO contributes to maternal systemic vasodilation and reduced vascular reactivity during normal pregnancy; however, the relative contribution of NO is variable depending on the animal species, vascular bed, and vessel size. Impaired relaxation responses to acetylcholine, but not bradykinin or NO donors, are observed in small arteries from women with preeclampsia, suggesting a receptor or signal transduction defect, although NO may play little, if any, role here. Uterine arteries have increased endothelial nitric oxide synthase (NOS) activity, protein expression, and guanosine 3',5'-cyclic monophosphate production during pregnancy; however, whether these mediate uterine vasodilation during pregnancy remains to be established. NOS is expressed in the human placental syncytiotrophoblast and in the fetoplacental and umbilical vascular endothelium where basal production of NO contributes to low fetoplacental vascular resistance. Controversy exists over the status of placental NOS in preeclampsia, although an abnormality of umbilical NOS activity is likely. Finally, the uterus has NOS activity, which decreases at the end of gestation, and exogenous NO relaxes the myometrium, but whether endogenous NO contributes to uterine quiescence during pregnancy has yet to be confirmed.
The study of evasion of packed PE from static detection (2012)

Static detection of packed portable executables (PEs) relies primarily on structural properties of the packed PE, and also on anomalies in the packed PE caused by packing tools. This paper outlines weaknesses in this method of detection. We show that these structural properties and anomalies are contingent features of the executable, and can be more or less easily modified to evade static detection.