gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Adaptive optics confocal microscopy using fluorescent protein guide-stars for brain tissue imaging (2012)

Optical aberrations due to the inhomogeneous refractive index of tissue degrade the resolution and brightness of images in deep tissue imaging. We introduce a direct wavefront sensing method using cellular structures labeled with fluorescent proteins in tissues as guide-stars. As a non-invasive and high-speed method, it generalizes the direct wavefront sensing method for adaptive optics microscopy. An adaptive optics confocal microscope using this method is demonstrated for imaging of mouse brain tissue. The confocal images with and without correction are collected. The results show increased image contrast and 3X improvement in the signal intensity for fixed mouse tissues at a depth of 70 μm. The images of the dendrite and spines are much clearer after correction with improved contrast. The Strehl ratio is improved from 0.29 to 0.96, a significant 3.3X improvement.
Parametric Interpolation Filter for HD Video Coding (2010)

Recently, adaptive interpolation filter (AIF) for motion-compensated prediction (MCP) has received increasing attention. This letter studies the existing AIF techniques, and points out that making tradeoff between the two conflicting aspects: the accuracy of coefficients and the size of side information, is the major obstacle to improving the performance of the AIF techniques that code the filter coefficients individually. To overcome this obstacle, parametric interpolation filter (PIF) is proposed for MCP, which represents interpolation filters by a function determined by five parameters instead of by individual coefficients. The function is designed based on the fact that high frequency energies of HD video source are mainly distributed along the vertical and horizontal directions; the parameters are calculated to minimize the energy of prediction error. The experimental results show that PIF outperforms the existing AIF techniques and approaches the efficiency of the optimal filter.
Towards Low Cost Soil Sensing Using Wi-Fi (2019)

A farm's soil moisture and soil electrical conductivity (EC)readings are extremely valuable for a farmer. They can help her reduce water use and improve productivity. However, the high cost of commercial soil moisture sensors and the inaccuracy of sub-1000 dollar EC sensors have limited their adoption. In this paper, we present the design and implementation of a system, called Strobe, that senses soil moisture and soil EC using RF propagation in existing Wi-Fi bands. Strobe overcomes the key challenge of limited bandwidth availability in the 2.4 GHz unlicensed spectrum using a novel multi-antenna technique. It maps the propagation time and amplitude of Wi-Fi signals received by different antennas to the soil permittivity and EC, which in turn depend on soil moisture and salinity. Our experiments with USRP, WARP, and commodity Wi-Fi cards show that Strobe can accurately estimate soil moisture and EC using Wi-Fi, thereby showing the potential of a future in which a farmer can sense soil in their farm without investing 1000s of dollars in soil sensing equipments.
Function of an Implanted Tissue Glucose Sensor for More than 1 Year in Animals (2010)

An implantable sensor capable of long-term monitoring of tissue glucose concentrations by wireless telemetry has been developed for eventual application in people with diabetes. The sensor telemetry system functioned continuously while implanted in subcutaneous tissues of two pigs for a total of 222 and 520 days, respectively, with each animal in both nondiabetic and diabetic states. The sensor detects glucose via an enzyme electrode that is based on differential electrochemical oxygen detection, which reduces the sensitivity of the sensor to encapsulation by the body, variations in local microvascular perfusion, limited availability of tissue oxygen, and inactivation of the enzymes. After an initial 2-week stabilization period, the implanted sensors maintained stability of calibration for extended periods. The lag between blood and tissue glucose concentrations was 11.8 +/- 5.7 and 6.5 +/- 13.3 minutes (mean +/- standard deviation), respectively, for rising and falling blood glucose challenges. The lag resulted mainly from glucose mass transfer in the tissues, rather than the intrinsic response of the sensor, and showed no systematic change over implant test periods. These results represent a milestone in the translation of the sensor system to human applications.
Copy Number Variation of Mitochondrial DNA Genes in Pneumocystis jirovecii According to the Fungal Load in BAL Specimens (2016)

Pneumocystis jirovecii is an unculturable fungus and the causative agent of Pneumocystis pneumonia, a life-threatening opportunistic infection. Although molecular diagnosis is often based on the detection of mtLSU rRNA mitochondrial gene, the number of copies of mitochondrial genes had not been investigated. We developed and optimized six real-time PCR assays in order to determine the copy number of four mitochondrial genes (mtSSU rRNA, mtLSU rRNA, NAD1, and CYTB) in comparison to nuclear genome (DHPS and HSP70) and tested 84 bronchoalveolar fluids of patients at different stages of the infection. Unexpectedly, we found that copy number of mitochondrial genes varied from gene to gene with mtSSU rRNA gene being more represented (37 copies) than NAD1 (23 copies), mtLSU rRNA (15 copies) and CYTB (6 copies) genes compared to nuclear genome. Hierarchical clustering analysis (HCA) allowed us to define five major clusters, significantly associated with fungal load (p = 0.029), in which copy number of mitochondrial genes was significantly different among them. More importantly, copy number of mtLSU rRNA, NAD1, and CYTB but not mtSSU rRNA differed according to P. jirovecii physiological state with a decreased number of copies when the fungal load is low. This suggests the existence of a mixture of various subspecies of mtDNA that can harbor different amplification rates. Overall, we revealed here an unexpected variability of P. jirovecii mtDNA copy number that fluctuates according to P. jirovecii's physiological state, except for mtSSU that is the most stable and the most present mitochondrial gene.
Aspects of the effect of bile salts on Candida albicans. (1987)

Cholic acid, chenodeoxycholic acid, deoxycholic acid, glycocholic acid, glycodeoxycholic acid, hyodeoxycholic acid and lithocholic acid as their sodium salts, were fungistatic to the growth of Candida albicans. Of the compounds tested, cholic acid, deoxycholic acid and chenodeoxycholic acid were the most active. In combination with other antifungal agents only cholic acid exhibited synergism with amphotericin B, whilst the imidazole antifungal agents inhibited the action of the bile salts. The bile salt minimal inhibitory concentrations were close to the critical micelle concentrations. Even though the compounds are surface active they did not cause loss of intracellular K+ and were without effect on oxygen consumption. The bile salts, particularly cholic acid, produced morphological changes that gave rise to swollen cells.
107-Gbit/s Opto-Electronic Receiver with Hybrid Integrated Photodetector and Demultiplexer (2007)

We present a 107-Gbit/s receiver using hybrid integration of a photodiode and electronic demultiplexer. Using an ETDM system and long bit pattern, we achieve the lowest reported required OSNR, 21 dB for a 10-3BER.
ADDRESSABLE MICROLENS ARRAY TO IMPROVE DYNAMIC RANGE OF SHACK-HARTMANN SENSORS (2004)

We demonstrate an addressable array (5-by-5) of high-quality microlenses applied to a Shack-Hartmann (SH) sensor in a microoptical system. Specific lenses in the array can be addressed using a new selection scheme (that we have designed, built, and tested) in which the mechanical resonant frequencies of individual lenssupport carriages are varied. Thus, by changing the frequency of the drive voltage, we require only two electrical connections per row in the lens system to identify the selected lens by its resonating focal image.
Further Evidence of the Relationship Between Cochlear Implant Electrode Positioning and Hearing Outcomes (2019)

Our results confirm the significance of electrode positioning in audiological outcomes. The most significant positional predictors of outcome for precurved arrays were full scala tympani (ST) insertion and the modiolar distance, while for the lateral wall arrays the depth of insertion was the most significant factor.
Apparatus for suppressing internally generated gas turbine engine low frequency noise (1983)

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Requirement for DARPP‐32 in mediating effect of dopamine D2 receptor activation (1999)

It is well documented that dopamine and dopamine D1 agonists convert the protein phosphatase-1 inhibitor, DARPP-32, from its dephosphorylated, inactive form into its Thr34-phosphorylated, active form, and that these effects on DARPP-32 constitute essential components of the mechanism by which dopamine and D1 agonists achieve their biological effects. In contrast to dopamine and D1 agonists, dopamine D2 agonists dephosphorylate and inactivate DARPP-32. Here we have examined the possibility that the biological effects of dopamine D2 receptor agonists might also involve DARPP-32. For this purpose, we have examined regulation of the activity of the electrogenic ion pump Na+,K+-ATPase, an established target for dopamine signalling. We have found that dopamine D1 agonists and dopamine D2 agonists inhibit Na+,K+-ATPase activity in dissociated cells from the mouse neostriatum and that, in each case, the effect is abolished in cells from mice deficient in DARPP-32. We conclude that DARPP-32 may play an obligatory role in dopaminergic signalling mediated both by D1 receptors and by D2 receptors.
Photoinduced in-plane switching of a photochromic nematic liquid crystal (2001)

Photoinduced fast in-plane switching of the optic axis of a photochromic nematic liquid crystal is found in a sandwich cell with substrates promoting a twofold degenerate anchoring. The switching process is governed by the modification of the anchoring conditions associated with the photoisomerization of the photochromic nematic liquid crystal. Photoinduced in-plane reorientation of the sample optic axis of about 80° has been found. Together with the model of photoinduced in-plane switching, some implementations of this effect are briefly discussed.
LightTrack: A Generic Framework for Online Top-Down Human Pose Tracking (2019)

In this paper, we propose a novel effective light-weight framework, called LightTrack, for online human pose tracking. The proposed framework is designed to be generic for top-down pose tracking and is faster than existing online and offline methods. Single-person Pose Tracking (SPT) and Visual Object Tracking (VOT) are incorporated into one unified functioning entity, easily implemented by a replaceable single-person pose estimation module. Our framework unifies single-person pose tracking with multi-person identity association and sheds first light upon bridging keypoint tracking with object tracking. We also propose a Siamese Graph Convolution Network (SGCN) for human pose matching as a Re-ID module in our pose tracking system. In contrary to other Re-ID modules, we use a graphical representation of human joints for matching. The skeleton-based representation effectively captures human pose similarity and is computationally inexpensive. It is robust to sudden camera shift that introduces human drifting. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first paper to propose an online human pose tracking framework in a top-down fashion. The proposed framework is general enough to fit other pose estimators and candidate matching mechanisms. Our method outperforms other online methods while maintaining a much higher frame rate, and is very competitive with our offline state-of-the-art. We make the code publicly available at: https://github.com/Guanghan/lighttrack.
Development of on-site diagnostic method for XLPE cable by harmonics in AC loss current (2004)

Water tree degradation in XLPE cables used for under-ground distribution or transmission lines is a serious problem. Some diagnostic methods to detect water tree degradation have been developed, but the sensitivity of them is not sufficient for 22 kV/66 kV class XLPE cables. The reason is that conventional methods are based on detecting signals from water trees bridged over insulation layer. In case of 22 kV/66 kV class cables, even unbridged water trees will be harmful because of their higher operating stress, so that there are demands on highly reliable new diagnostic methods for such class cables. We found that water tree in XLPE insulation generates harmonics in the AC loss current because of the non-linear voltage-current characteristics of itself. And, we found that the harmonics in AC loss current are closely correlated to water tree growth, break down strength, and the other aspects of the degradation. We made the on-site diagnostic system based on those results, and have applied to the actual 66 kV XLPE cable lines more than 22. As the result, we confirmed that it was suitable for the diagnostic method for 22 kV/66 kV class cables.
A Comprehensive Power Quality Controller for Substations in Power System (2006)

A comprehensive power quality controller combined with thyristor controlled reactor (TCR) and hybrid active power filter (HAPF) is described in this paper for substations in power system. The HAPF topology presented in the paper is different from the conventional HAPF. The basic of the new HAPF topology is to add a small inductor in parallel with the active power filter (APF) controlled as a current source, in order to force the fundamental current flow through the additional inductor instead of the APF. By this way, it can reduce the VA rating of the APF greatly. The TCR together with the passive filter part of the HAPF makes a static Var compensator (SVC), which acts as a classic reactive power compensator for load balancing and power factor correction. The small rating active filter is used to improve filtering characteristics of the passive filter in SVC and suppress possible resonance between the system impedance and the passive filter. The paper introduces the scheme's main circuit structure and its operation principle, mainly analyzes the control method and principle. Through modeling and simulation, the results verify the effectiveness and advantage of the comprehensive power quality controller for substations in power system.
Carbon dioxide uptake from natural gas by binary ionic liquid–water mixtures (2015)

Carbon dioxide solubility in a set of carboxylate ionic liquids formulated with stoicheiometric amounts of water is found to be significantly higher than for other ionic liquid systems previously reported.
Regulation of insecticidal crystal protein production in <i>Bacillus thuringiensis</i> (1995)

The production of insecticidal crystal proteins (ICPs) in Bacillus thuringiensis normally coincides with sporulation, resulting in the appearance of parasporal crystalline inclusions within the mother cell. In most instances, the temporal and spatial regulation of ICP gene expression is determined at the transcriptional level by mother-cell-specific sigma factors that share homology with sigma E and sigma K from Bacillus subtilis. The cryIII ICP genes are a notable exception; these genes are transcribed from sigma A-like promoters during vegetative growth, are induced or derepressed at the onset of stationary phase, and are overexpressed in sporulation mutants of B. thuringiensis blocked in the phosphorylation of Spo0A, a key regulator of sporulation initiation. Transcription alone, however, cannot account for the impressive ability of this bacterium to accumulate insecticidal proteins. A variety of post-transcriptional and post-translational mechanisms also contribute to the efficient production of ICPs in B. thuringiensis, thus making this bacterium a cost-effective biological control agent.
Selective loss of pattern discrimination in early glaucoma (1989)

A new perimetric pattern discrimination test was compared with conventional automated perimetry (Humphrey program 30-2 or Octopus program 32) in glaucoma patients, glaucoma suspects, and control subjects. The new test is based on the rationale that a greater percentage of retinal ganglion cells should be needed to detect a stimulus by its shape, or pattern, than by its brightness. The pattern discrimination stimulus was apatch of nonrandom dots embedded in a surrounding random dot field of the same average density. Pattern discrimination thresholds were measured by changing the degree of regularity, or coherence, of the stimulus dots. The fully coherent target was a static, 1-s duration, 20 x 20-dot checkerboard. Using a criterion-free relative operating characteristic analysis, we estimated the ability of both the pattern discrimination and conventional tests to distinguish the normal data distribution from the suspect and glaucoma distributions. The pattern discrimination test appeared to produce separations greater than conventional perimetry for glaucoma suspects and separations equivalent to conventional perimetry for glaucoma patients.
Novel multifunctional neuroprotective iron chelator‐monoamine oxidase inhibitor drugs for neurodegenerative diseases.<i>In vivo</i>selective brain monoamine oxidase inhibition and prevention of MPTP‐induced striatal dopamine depletion (2005)

Several multifunctional iron chelators have been synthesized from hydroxyquinoline pharmacophore of the iron chelator, VK-28, possessing the monoamine oxidase (MAO) and neuroprotective N-propargylamine moiety. They have iron chelating potency similar to desferal. M30 is a potent irreversible rat brain mitochondrial MAO-A and -B inhibitor in vitro (IC50, MAO-A, 0.037 +/- 0.02; MAO-B, 0.057 +/- 0.01). Acute (1-5 mg/kg) and chronic [5-10 mg/kg intraperitoneally (i.p.) or orally (p.o.) once daily for 14 days]in vivo studies have shown M30 to be a potent brain selective (striatum, hippocampus and cerebellum) MAO-A and -B inhibitor. It has little effects on the enzyme activities of the liver and small intestine. Its N-desmethylated derivative, M30A is significantly less active. Acute and chronic treatment with M30 results in increased levels of dopamine (DA), serotonin(5-HT), noradrenaline (NA) and decreases in DOPAC (dihydroxyphenylacetic acid), HVA (homovanillic acid) and 5-HIAA (5-hydroxyindole acetic acid) as determined in striatum and hypothalamus. In the mouse MPTP (N-methy-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine) model of Parkinson's disease (PD) it attenuates the DA depleting action of the neurotoxin and increases striatal levels of DA, 5-HT and NA, while decreasing their metabolites. As DA is equally well metabolized by MAO-A and -B, it is expected that M30 would have a greater DA neurotransmission potentiation in PD than selective MAO-B inhibitors, for which it is being developed, as MAO-B inhibitors do not alter brain dopamine.
Generation of a mid-infrared femtosecond vortex beam from an optical parametric oscillator (2020)

Mid-infrared femtosecond vortex beams generated by optical parametric oscillators (OPO) are reported for the first time, to the best of our knowledge. Order-tunable femtosecond Hermite-Gauss beams from the first to sixth order are produced from a synchronously pumped OPO and then converted into the corresponding first through sixth-order femtosecond vortex beams by a cylindrical lens mode converter. By slightly tuning the cavity length, the wavelength of the vortex beam can be continuously tunable in the range from 2323 to 2382 nm, and the pulse duration can be changeable from ${\sim}{400}\;{\rm fs}$∼400fs to ${\sim}{1.1}\;{\rm ps}$∼1.1ps. The work provides a flexible and reliable way to generate mid-infrared femtosecond vortex beams, and is of special significance for expanding the wavelength range of femtosecond vortex beams and their application fields.
Clones of<i>Streptococcus pneumoniae</i>Isolated from Nasopharyngeal Carriage and Invasive Disease in Young Children in Central Tennessee (2001)

To determine whether nasopharyngeal carriage isolates of Streptococcus pneumoniae are of the same genetic background as isolates that caused invasive disease in one community, IS1167 and boxA genotypes were obtained for 182 pneumococcal isolates from children living in central Tennessee. The isolates represented 70 combined IS1167-boxA genotypes. The genotypic diversity of the invasive isolates was significantly less than that of the total population (P=.003). Most of the carriage isolates belonged to genotypes unique to carriage, whereas most of the invasive isolates belonged to genotypes common to carriage and disease (P=.02). Monte Carlo simulations showed a greater number of genotypes unique to carriage than can be explained by chance (P<.05 in all cases). Two genotypes were identified by multilocus sequence typing as members of globally disseminated clones, and one such genotype that was strictly carriage in this sample caused disease in other studies. Thus, clones can have different propensities for carriage and invasion.
In Situ Visualization Of A Solid-Liquid Interface During Crystal Growth (1988)

This paper describes a novel technique to visualize, 'in situ,' the solid-liquid interface during directional solidification. It is based on the principle of 'Infrared Autoradiography.' This technique is in general applicable to infrared materials depending upon their infrared transmission range and availability of infrared detection/imaging system in that range. Preliminary results on the application of this technique to potassium chloride (KC1) are included. The technique will allow, for the first time, 'in situ' monitor and control of interface shape and thus, help grow better quality crystals. In addition to the improvement in the crystal quality, the technique will have wide range of fundamental and practical applications in solidification processes of advanced IR materials.
Demonstration of high repetition rate desk-top and table-top soft x-ray lasers (2004)

We report the first desk-top size high repetition rate (12 Hz) soft X-ray laser, consisting of a capillary discharge emitting at 46.9 nm , and saturated operation of a laser-pumped table-top 18.9 nm Ni-like Mo and its successful isoelectronic scaling to 16.5, 14.7 and 13.9 nm.
Spermidine/Spermine <i>N1</i> -Acetyltransferase-1 as a Diagnostic Biomarker in Human Cancer (2018)

Increases in SSAT-1 contents in tumor tissue could be of value in targeting cancers with high SSAT-1 expression for confirmation/quantification. The high levels of acetylated amantadine could be used as a simple and useful screening test for the presence of cancer.