gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Effects of selected thermophilic microorganisms on crude oils at elevated temperatures and pressures; 1990 Annual report (1990)

During the past several years, a considerable amount of work has been carried out showing that microbially enhanced oil recovery (MEOR) is promising and the resulting biotechnology may be deliverable. In this laboratory systematic studies are being conducted which deal with the effects of thermophilic bacteria on the chemical and physical properties of selected types of crude oils at elevated temperatures and pressures. Experimental conditions used are comparable to those found in reservoirs. Current studies indicate that during the biotreatment several properties of crude oils are affected. The oils are (1) emulsified, (2) acidified, (3) there is a qualitative and quantitative change in light and heavy fractions of the crudes, (4) there are chemical changes in fractions containing sulfur compounds, (5) there is an apparent solubilization of trace metals, and (6) the qualitative and quantitative chemical and physical changes appear to be microbial species dependent. Microbial oil interactions are monitored routinely by a consortium of analytical techniques, which are continuously upgraded and are capable of multiparameter analysis. The results generated in the past fiscal year describing (1)--(6) are presented and discussed in this report. 22 refs., 11 figs., 2 tabs.
Sustained peripheral expression of transgene adiponectin offsets the development of diet-induced obesity in rats (2003)

Adiponectin (Acrp30) is a physiologically active polypeptide hormone secreted by adipose tissue that shows insulin-sensitizing, antiinflammatory, and antiatherogenic properties. In humans, Acrp30 levels are inversely related to the degree of adiposity. In the current study, we tested the long-term weight-reducing and insulin-enhancing effects of Acrp30 cDNA delivered peripherally by a viral vector. To this end, we have generated a series of recombinant adeno-associated virus vectors of serotypes 1 and 5 encoding mouse Acrp30 cDNAs. The long-term expression of recombinant adeno-associated virus-Acrp30 vectors was tested after intramuscular or intraportal injection in female Sprague-Dawley rats with diet-induced obesity. We show that a single peripheral injection of 10(12) physical particles of Acrp30-encoding vectors resulted in sustained (up to 280 days) significant reduction in body weight, concomitant with the reduction in daily food intake. Acrp30 treatment resulted in higher peripheral insulin sensitivity measured by the i.p. glucose tolerance test in fasted animals. Ectopic expression of the Acrp30 transgene resulted in modulation of hepatic gluconeogenesis and lipogenesis, as demonstrated by the reduction of the expression of two key genes: PEPCK (phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase) and SREBP-1c (sterol regulatory element-binding protein 1c) in the liver. These data show successful peripheral therapy in a clinically relevant model for human obesity and insulin resistance.
Exogenous Lipids Influence Permeability Barrier Recovery in Acetone-Treated Murine Skin (1993)

(1) Topical applications of individual lipids or incomplete mixtures of lipids interfere with barrier recovery, while complete mixtures of cholesterol, fatty acid, and ceramide allow normal barrier repair; and (2) incomplete mixtures of topical lipids appear to inhibit barrier recovery at the level of the lamellar body resulting in abnormal intercellular membrane structures in the stratum corneum, abnormalities that do not occur when a complete lipid mixture is provided.
Fracture Model of Spot Weld at Automobile Crash (2004)

In order to examine the compatibility of improvement of crashworthiness with weight-saving of automobiles by using high strength steel, new prediction model of the fracture strength of spot weld in automobile parts has been established. By using of this model, we can predict exact crush mode and absorbed energy of the crash parts with spot weld fracture. Therefore, we can simulate optimum design of the spot weld of the automobile parts. It was confirmed that stress concentration between the nugget of spot weld and the specimen controls fracture initiation of spot weld. We installed fracture prediction system based on this model to crash analysis solver and confirmed that this system predicts exactly the fracture of spot weld. These prediction systems are applicable to respective high strength steels.
MARS--multiple automated robotic synthesizer for continuous flow of peptides. (1996)

We have designed and constructed a multiple automated robotic synthesizer, the MARS. Its novel timing procedure for handling multiple synthetic tasks eliminates unnecessary respite time by keeping the robotic arm in continuous operation. Polypropylene syringes equipped at the bottom with polypropylene frits serve as physically independent reaction vessels. All operations are performed by the robotic arm, which is equipped with a specially designed gripper to hold a syringe and to aspirate and dispense liquid. Typically, the MARS synthesizes concurrently 5 to 15 peptides of different length, and once one peptide is finished it automatically starts the synthesis of the next peptide in the queue, assuring a continuous flow of peptides.
54.1: Flexible Electrophoretic Displays with Jet‐Printed Active‐Matrix Backplanes (2005)

Abstract We report on the integration of electrophoretic media with flexible backplanes. The active‐matrix backplanes are based on amorphous‐silicon or on organic‐semiconductor technology. Conventional photolithography was fully replaced by jet‐printing. Flexible electrophoretic media is fabricated by photolithography and by molding of micro‐cell structures. Various aspects will be addressed, concerning the media, the backplanes and the integration.
Chromosomal localization of the mouse genes coding for α2, α3, α4 and β2 subunits of neuronal nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (1990)

The chromosomal localization of four neuronal nicotinic acetylcholine receptor subunit genes was performed by following the mendelian segregation of their corresponding alleles in backcrosses involving the mouse species Mus spretus and the laboratory strains C57BL/6 or BALB/c. A similar analysis previously performed with muscle nicotinic acetylcholine receptor subunits revealed that the genes coding for the alpha and beta subunits are respectively located on chromosome 2 and 11, whereas the gamma and delta subunit coding genes are linked and located on mouse chromosome 1. In this study, we show that the genes coding for the neuronal nicotinic acetylcholine receptor alpha 2, alpha 3 and beta 2 subunits are dispersed on three different mouse chromosomes, viz. 14, 9 and 3 respectively. Moreover, the alpha 4 subunit gene is located on chromosome 2 but is not genetically linked to the alpha 1 subunit gene.
Single image haze removal with WLS-based edge-preserving smoothing filter (2013)

Images captured under hazy conditions have low contrast and poor color. This is primarily due to air-light which degrades image quality according to the transmission map. The approach to enhance these hazy images we introduce here is based on the `Dark-Channel Prior' method with image refinement by the `Weighted Least Square' based edge-preserving smoothing. Local contrast is further enhanced by multi-scale tone manipulation. The proposed method improves the contrast, color and detail for the entire image domain effectively. In the experiment, we compare the proposed method with conventional methods to validate performance.
Environmentally Friendly Bio-Based Vinyl Ester Resins for Military Composite Structures (2008)

Abstract : Liquid resins used for molding composite structures a significant source of volatile organic compounds (VOC) and hazardous air pollutant (HAP) emissions. One method of reducing styrene emissions from vinyl ester (VE) resins is to replace some or all of the styrene with fatty acid-based monomers. These fatty acid vinyl ester resins allow for the formulation of high performance composite resins with no more than 25 wt% styrene. As a result, these resins are currently being demonstrated/validated for DoD use on Army tactical vehicles, including HMMWV hoods, HMMWV helmet hardtops, T-38 dorsal covers, and composite rudders for the Navy. Composite panel validation studies have been performed, showing that the fatty acid-based resins have sufficient, modulus, strength, glass transition temperature, and resistance to weathering. Demonstration parts have been prepared and are in the process of being validated for military use.
Electrochemical Hydroxylation of Arenes Catalyzed by a Keggin Polyoxometalate with a Cobalt(IV) Heteroatom (2018)

The sustainable, selective direct hydroxylation of arenes, such as benzene to phenol, is an important research challenge. An electrocatalytic transformation using formic acid to oxidize benzene and its halogenated derivatives to selectively yield aryl formates, which are easily hydrolyzed by water to yield the corresponding phenols, is presented. The formylation reaction occurs on a Pt anode in the presence of [Co<sup>III</sup> W<sub>12</sub> O<sub>40</sub> ]<sup>5-</sup> as a catalyst and lithium formate as an electrolyte via formation of a formyloxyl radical as the reactive species, which was trapped by a BMPO spin trap and identified by EPR. Hydrogen was formed at the Pt cathode. The sum transformation is ArH+H<sub>2</sub> O→ArOH+H<sub>2</sub> . Non-optimized reaction conditions showed a Faradaic efficiency of 75 % and selective formation of the mono-oxidized product in a 35 % yield. Decomposition of formic acid into CO<sub>2</sub> and H<sub>2</sub> is a side-reaction.
Molecular Tailoring of New Thieno(bis)imide-Based Semiconductors for Single Layer Ambipolar Light Emitting Transistors (2013)

Organic molecular semiconductors are key components for a new generation of low cost, flexible, and large area electronic devices. In particular, ambipolar semiconductors endowed with electroluminescent properties have the potential to enable a photonic field-effect technology platform, whose key building blocks are the emerging organic light-emitting transistor (OLET) devices. To this aim, the design of innovative molecular configurations combining effective electrical and optical properties in the solid state is highly desirable. Here, we investigate the effect of the insertion of a thieno(bis)imide (TBI) moiety as end group in highly performing unipolar oligothiophene semiconductors on the packing, electrical, and optoelectronic properties of the resulting materials. We show that, regardless of the HOMO–LUMO energy, orbital distribution, and molecular packing pattern, a TBI end moiety switches unipolar and nonemissive oligothiophene semiconductors to ambipolar and electroluminescent materials. Remarkably, the newly developed materials enabled the fabrication of single layer molecular ambipolar OLETs with optical power comparable to that of the equivalent polymeric single layer devices.
Electrokinetic remediation of anionic contaminants from unsaturated soils (1992)

Heavy-metal contamination of soil and groundwater is a widespread problem in the DOE weapons complex, and for the nation as a whole. Electrokinetic remediation is one possible technique for in situ removal of such contaminants from unsaturated soils. In previous studies at Sandia National Laboratories, the electromigration of chromate ions and anionic dye ions have been demonstrated. This paper reports on a series of experiments that were conducted to study the effect of moisture content on the electromigration rate of anionic contaminants in unsaturated soil and determine the limiting moisture content for which electromigration occurs.
Procedural Models for Real Time Graphics (2005)

There was no statistical significant difference in APOE genotype between subjects with and without psychotic symptoms, stratified by dementic diagnosis.
Cross-layer analysis of wireless TCP/ARQ systems over correlated channels (2005)

In this paper, we present a cross-layer analysis of wireless TCP systems over correlated channels. The effects of error correlation on the behavior of link retransmission strategy and the end-to-end throughput of TCP layer are investigated. Based on the cross-layer analysis, an efficient refinement of link layer protocol is proposed by consciously utilizing the information of channel correlations, which leads to the performance improvement of wireless TCP systems.
Person-based video summarization and retrieval by tracking and clustering temporal face sequences (2013)

People are often the most important subjects in videos. It is highly desired to automatically summarize the occurrences of different people in a large collection of video and quickly find the video clips containing a particular person among them. In this paper, we present a person-based video summarization and retrieval system named VideoWho which extracts temporal face sequences in videos and groups them into clusters, with each cluster containing video clips of the same person. This is accomplished based on advanced face detection and tracking algorithms, together with a semisupervised face clustering approach. The system achieved good clustering accuracy when tested on a hybrid video set including home video, TV plays and movies. On top of this technology, a number of applications can be built, such as automatic summarization of major characters in videos, person-related video search on the Internet and personalized UI systems etc.
Mutualcast: An Efficient Mechanism for One-To-Many Content Distribution (2005)

In this paper, we propose Mutualcast, a new delivery mechanism for content distribution in peer-to-peer (P2P) networks. Compared with prior one-to-many content distribution approaches, Mutualcast achieves full utilization of the upload bandwidths of the peer nodes, thereby maximizing the delivery throughput. Mutualcast splits the to-be-distributed content into many small blocks, so that the more resourceful nodes may redistribute more blocks, and the less resourceful nodes may redistribute fewer blocks. Each content block is assigned to a single node for distribution, which can be a content-requesting peer node, a non-content-requesting peer node, or even the source node. The throughput of the distribution is controlled by redistribution queues between the source and the peer nodes. Furthermore, Mutualcast can be reliable and synchronous. Thus, it can be applied to file/software downloading, media streaming, real-time audio/video conferencing, etc.
Model Predictive Control of Power Electronic Systems: Methods, Results, and Challenges (2020)

Model predictive control (MPC) has established itself as a promising control methodology in power electronics. This survey paper highlights the most relevant MPC techniques for power electronic systems. These can be classified into two major groups, namely, MPC without modulator, referred to as direct MPC, and MPC with a subsequent modulation stage, known as indirect MPC. Design choices, and parameters that affect the system performance, closed-loop stability, and controller robustness are discussed. Moreover, solvers, and control platforms that can be employed for the real-time implementation of MPC algorithms are presented. Finally, the MPC schemes in question are assessed, among others, in terms of design, and computational complexity, along with their performance, and applicability depending on the power electronic system at hand.
Improvement of output coupling efficiency of organic light-emitting diodes by backside substrate modification (2000)

The emission intensity of an organic light-emitting diode at normal viewing angle and the total external emission efficiency have been increased by factors of 9.6 and 3.0, respectively, by applying spherically shaped patterns to the back of the device substrate. The technique captures light previously lost to waveguiding in the substrate and, with proper choice of substrate, light previously lost to waveguiding in the organic/anode layers. A method of applying the technique using laminated films and an optical model for evaluating coupling efficiency are also presented.
Efficiency Enhancement in Free-Electron Lasers Using a Tapered Axial Guide Field (1984)

A scheme for efficiency enhancement in free-electron lasers is described which employs a tapered axial guide field. An analytical description of this process is given in the strong-pump regime. The efficiency enhancement occurs in such a way that the axial velocity remains constant as kinetic energy is extracted from the beam. Results indicate that efficiency enhancements of as much as 100% are possible with only modest gradients in the axial field.
Detection of cervical cancer by fluorescence emission and stokes' shift spectra of blood and urine (2011)

In this paper we present the results of a study to distinguish cervical cancer patients [ N=50] from healthy subjects [N=50] based on the Fluorescence Emission Spectra [FES] and Stokes' Shift Spectra [SSS] of blood and urine. FES was obtained from the cellular fraction of blood and urine by excitation at 400 nm. SSS was obtained from blood plasma and urine with Δλ of 70nm. In the FES of blood cellular fraction, the ratio of intensity of the two bands due to neutral porphyrin and basic porphyrin [I630 / I580] was 1 for normal controls and 3 for cervical cancers. In the SSS of plasma, the average ratio of intensity of the two bands due to tryptophan and collagen [I305 nm / I340 nm] was 1.9 for normal controls, 1.1 for early cervical cancers and 0.9 for advanced cervical cancers In the SSS of urine, the ratio of intensity of the two bands due to flavin and NADH [I450 nm / I360 nm] was 0.2 for normal controls and 0.8 for cancer patients. A discriminant analysis combining all three parameters showed a sensitivity of 80% and specificity of 78% for this technique. In this study we show that fluorescence spectroscopy of blood and urine could develop into a promising technique for non-invasive diagnosis and screening of cervical cancers and would appropriately supplement or complement currently used techniques.
Photonic crystal enhanced microscopy for imaging of live cell adhesion (2013)

A form of microscopy that utilizes a photonic crystal biosensor surface as a substrate for cell attachment enables label-free, quantitative, submicron resolution, time-resolved imaging of cell-surface interactions without cytotoxic staining agents or temporally-unstable fluorophores. Other forms of microscopy do not provide this direct measurement of live cell-surface attachment localization and strength that includes unique, dynamic morphological signatures critical to the investigation of important biological phenomena such as stem cell differentiation, chemotaxis, apoptosis, and metastasis. Here, we introduce Photonic Crystal Enhanced Microscopy (PCEM), and apply it to the study of murine dental stem cells to image the evolution of cell attachment and morphology during chemotaxis and drug-induced apoptosis. PCEM provides rich, dynamic information about the evolution of cell-surface attachment profiles over biologically relevant time-scales. Critically, this method retains the ability to monitor cell behavior with spatial resolution sufficient for observing both attachment footprints of filopodial extensions and intracellular attachment strength gradients.
<title>Passive millimeter-wave video camera for aviation applications</title> (1998)

Passive Millimeter Wave (PMMW) imaging technology offers significant safety benefits to world aviation. Made possible by recent technological breakthroughs, PMMW imaging sensors provide visual-like images of objects under low visibility conditions (e.g., fog, clouds, snow, sandstorms, and smoke) which blind visual and infrared sensors. TRW has developed an advanced, demonstrator version of a PMMW imaging camera that, when front-mounted on an aircraft, gives images of the forward scene at a rate and quality sufficient to enhance aircrew vision and situational awareness under low visibility conditions. Potential aviation uses for a PMMW camera are numerous and include: (1) Enhanced vision for autonomous take- off, landing, and surface operations in Category III weather on Category I and non-precision runways; (2) Enhanced situational awareness during initial and final approach, including Controlled Flight Into Terrain (CFIT) mitigation; (3) Ground traffic control in low visibility; (4) Enhanced airport security. TRW leads a consortium which began flight tests with the demonstration PMMW camera in September 1997. Flight testing will continue in 1998. We discuss the characteristics of PMMW images, the current state of the technology, the integration of the camera with other flight avionics to form an enhanced vision system, and other aviation applications.
Bandwidth- and power-efficient multi-carrier multiple access (2004)

Orthogonal frequency division multiple access (OFDMA) gains increasing attention for broadband, high data rate wireless/wireline communications. In this paper, we propose a novel unitary precoded (UP) OFDMA scheme for uplink applications, which increases the system bandwidth efficiency, while preserving constant modulus transmissions. Theoretical analysis for the proposed UP-OFDMA with channel coding quantifies the performance improvement introduced by unitary precoding. It provides guidelines for practical system designs, and reveals performance gap between the proposed system and the single user bound. Simulation results confirm that the proposed system improves performance considerably relative to conventional OFDMA.
High Coverage Concolic Equivalence Checking (2019)

A concolic approach, called Slec-Cf, to check sequential equivalence between a high-level (e.g., C++/SystemC) hardware description and an RTL (e.g., Verilog) is presented. Slec-Cf searches for counterexamples over the possible values of a set of "control signals" in a depth-first lexicographic manner, avoiding values that are unrealizable by any concrete input. In addition, Slec-Cf respects user-specified design constraints during search, thus only producing stimuli that are of relevance to users. It is a superior alternative to random simulations, which produce an overwhelming number of irrelevant stimuli for user-constrained designs, and are therefore of limited effectiveness. To handle complex designs, we present an incremental version of Slec-Cf, which iteratively increases the search depth, and set of control signals, and uses a cache to reuse prior results. We implemented Slec-Cf on top an existing industrial tool for sequential equivalence checking. Experimental results indicate that Slec-Cf clearly outperforms random simulation in terms of coverage achieved. On complex designs, incremental Slec-Cf demonstrates superior ability to achieve good coverage in almost all cases, compared to non-incremental Slec-Cf.
Multi-Stage Pricing for Coordination of Thermostatically Controlled Loads: A Dynamic Stackelberg Game Approach (2015)

This paper focuses on multi-stage coordination for a population of thermostatically controlled loads (TCL). Each load maximizes the individual utility in response to an energy price, while the coordinator determines the price to maximize the social welfare subject to a peak energy constraint. The coordination problem is formulated as a dynamic Stackelberg game. The Stackelberg solution is derived using an indirect approach: we first obtain an upper bound of the Stackelberg game, then we prove that this upper bound is attainable. Sufficient conditions for the optimal solution are characterized. Based on these conditions, a pricing algorithm with guaranteed convergence is developed to compute the Stackelberg solution employing the monotonicity of the user responses. Our control strategy is validated using real market data and weather information, and realistic simulation results are presented to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed control framework.