gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Multi-objective Decisions on Capacity Planning and Production−Inventory Control under Uncertainty (2004)

In the presence of a changing and stochastic environment, firms must appropriately choose the timing and sizes of capacity acquisition as well as the production decisions to replenish inventory, such that various conflicting goals are satisfied. This paper considers multicriteria decision making on joint capacity planning and inventory control under uncertainty. We formulate this class of problems into a multi-objective Markov decision process, which simultaneously searches for both capacity and inventory policies that optimize multiple objectives. In a previous work, we developed a multi-objective dynamic programming algorithm to solve small problems by propagating Pareto optimal solutions recursively backward in time. The numerical intractability of the rigorous algorithm for large problems necessitates approximation approaches. However, and importantly, on the basis of the optimality equations constructed in the dynamic programming framework, we are able to obtain analytical insights into the structure of optimal solutions for certain simplified problems. For example, through convexity analysis, we show that such structural policies, as the target interval capacity policy and base-stock inventory policy, are optimal for a certain class of problems. We propose using these structural results to form a basis for parametric representation of suboptimal policies for more general problems. This approach greatly simplifies the optimization to that of finding a parameter vector that defines these optimal or suboptimal policies. We propose a simulation-based optimization framework to find the parameters that optimize multiple performance measures. Next we show how to exploit a multi-objective evolutionary algorithm to find a diverse set of Pareto optimal solutions in one single run, and finally we present numerical results from an example problem that we carry from formulation to solution.
Single UV or Near IR Triggering Event Leads to Polymer Degradation into Small Molecules (2012)

We report two polymers with UV- and NIR-removable end caps that respond to a single light activated event by complete cleavage of the polymer backbone via a self-immolative mechanism. Two photocleavable protecting groups were used to cap the polymers; o-nitrobenzyl alcohol (ONB) and bromo-coumarin (Bhc). GPC and (1)H NMR confirmed complete degradation of the ONB-containing polymer in response to UV. The polymers were formulated into nanoparticles; fluorescence measurements of encapsulated Nile red confirmed release upon photolysis of the endcaps. Contrary to previous work using a similar backbone structure that degrades upon hydrolysis, here, the disassembly process and burst release of the payload are only activated on demand, illustrating the powerful capacity of light to trigger release from polymeric nanoparticles. Our design allows the signal to be amplified in a domino effect to fully degrade the polymer into small molecules. Thus, polymers and nanoparticles can reach maximal degradation without having to use intense and/or long periods of irradiation.
HLA-restricted lysis of herpes simplex virus-infected monocytes and macrophages mediated by CD4+ and CD8+ T lymphocytes. (1989)

Freshly isolated human peripheral blood monocytes and in vitro monocyte-derived macrophages were infected with HSV type 1 and used as target cells in a cell-mediated cytotoxicity assay. PBMC from both HSV-immune and non-immune donors were stimulated in vitro for 5 days with UV-inactivated HSV Ag and used as effector cells. Effectors from HSV-immune donors mediated virus-specific lysis of both monocyte and macrophage targets, whereas effectors from non-immune donors failed to mediate target cell lysis. Mean virus-specific lysis of autologous monocytes was (8.5 +/- (+/- 2.0)%) compared to a threefold greater virus-specific lysis of autologous macrophages (24.7 (+/- 4.3)%). More than 70% of this lysis was mediated by CD16- T lymphocytes. Further analysis demonstrated that the majority of the lysis against autologous and allogeneic targets was HLA-DR-restricted and mediated by CD4+ CTL. However, CD8+ CTL also contributed to the lysis of autologous targets as well as allogeneic targets having a common HLA-A and/or -B determinant. The HLA-restricted cytotoxicity was virus-specific as HSV-infected, but not CMV-infected, cells were lysed. CTL-mediated lysis of HSV-infected monocytes and macrophages may be of significance in the anti-viral and immunoregulatory host response.
Influence of tribomechanical milling and activation of primary mixtures on the synthesis of calcium silicate hydrates (2006)

Minerals of the tobermorite group with double [Al3++Na+] substitutions were synthesized using both, non-ground raw mineral mixtures and mixtures ground in a colloidal mill. The synthesis of calcium sili-cate hydrate is more effective when dry primary mixtures ground in a colloidal mill are taken, because compositions of higher degree of crystallinity are synthesized under the same conditions. In the latter case, tobermorite is formed after 24 h. It is thought that grinding a mixture of CaO, SiO2 and Al2O3 in a colloidal mill induces activation centres which later activate synthesis via hydrothermal processing. It is reasonable to grind dry reactants used for synthesising tobermorite in a colloidal mill before hydrothermal processing. Under our experimental conditions, tobermorite was formed more effectively when the spe-cific surface was lower than 547 m2·kg –1. Use of finer particles of reactants does not enhance the reac-tion rate because of the stabilising influence of (0.8–1.5)CaO·SiO2·(0.5–2.5)H2O (C–S–H (I)) on the overall reaction rate of the synthesis of tobermorite. Key words: [Na+ + Al3+]- inserted tobermorite; hydrothermal synthesis; mechanical processing 1.
Circulating MicroRNAs in Patients with Chronic Hepatitis C and Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease (2011)

Serum levels of miR-34a and miR-122 may represent novel, noninvasive biomarkers of diagnosis and histological disease severity in patients with CHC or NAFLD.
국어교육 : TV토론에 대한 매체언어교육적 접근을 위한 시론(試論) -"메타TV토론"식(式) 교수,학습 방법을 적용하여 (2009)

한 사회의 토론 문화 발달 정도와 그 사회의 민주주의 발전 척도와의 관계가 비례한다는 사실은 그 사회에서 개진되는 토론의 빈도나 주제와 관련된 것이라 기보다는 오히려 토론의 과정이 얼마나 민주적으로 진행되느냐에 대한 판단과 관계가 깊다. 그러나 우리 주변에서 진행되는 토론을 보게 되면 상대방의 이야기에 귀 기울이는 모습을 찾기가 어려울 뿐만 아니라 합의에 이르는 절차도 생략되며 자신의 주장을 관철하려는 일방적 주장만이 거듭되는 경우가 많아 토론의 과정이 녹록치 않은 문제임을 절감하게 된다. 그러나 토론에 대한 개념적이고 본질적인 이해 부족이 사회적으로 만연되어 있다고 해서 그리고 토론 문화의 부재라는 현상이 자조적으로 일상화되어 있다고 해서 우리의 토론 현실 을 개탄만 한다거나 쉽사리 용인해 버릴 수는 없는 일이다. 너무나 당연한 얘기지만 토론은 의견 교환이나 공론 생성이라는 사회적 커뮤니케이션의 차원에서만이 아니라 한 사회의 민주주의 발전을 끌어올릴 수 있는 척도라는 점에서도 학문적으로 그리고 실용적으로 끊임없이 고구(考究)되어야 할 필요가 있기 때문이다. 본 연구는 다른 매체에 비해 지속적이고 활발한 토론 프로그램으로 정립되어 온 `TV토론`에 주목하였다. 그 방법적 관점은 매체언어교육적 관점을 취하되 국어교육 교수·학습 현장에 유용하면서도 효과적으로 적용하기 위하여 TV토론에 대한 메타적 접근을 시도하였다. 그 결과 TV토론에 대한 매체언어적 관점은 텔레비전 텍스트를 비판적으로 해독하고 창조적으로 전유함으로써 온전한 의미의 텔레비전 리터러시 교육을 모색하는 데 보다 생산적이고 풍요로운 시각으로 기능할 수 있음을 확인하였다.
Depressed specific cell-mediated immunity to Herpes simplex virus type 1 in patients with recurrent herpes labialis (1975)

Cell-mediated immunity to herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) was assessed by a lymphocytotoxicity 51-Cr-release microassay procedure, using the MA-160 human prostatic adenoma cell line chronically infected with HSV-1 and its parent cell line as control. The specific immune release mean plus or minus standard deviation for nine asymptomatic patients with recurrent HSV-1 infections was 13.7 plus or minus 8.1%, compared to 28.9 plus or minus 8.4% in seven normal seropositive controls (P is less than 0.01). In four additional patients studied serially, the cell-mediated immunity was significantly increased during the recrudescence of herpetic infection, with a mean specific immune release value of 51.7 plus or minus 27.8%, compared to 8.7 plus or minus 1.5% during the convalescent period 2 to 10 weeks later (P is less than 0.05). These findings suggest that patients with recurrent HSV-1 infections have vigorous cellular immune responses during the acute phase but a specific impairment of cell-mediated immunity during the quiescent period, which may in part account for their susceptibility to recurrent herpetic infections.
Comparison of neutron conversion layers for GaN‐based scintillators (2011)

Abstract In this work neutron‐sensitive scintillators based on GaN have been produced by MOCVD. The scintillators consist of GaNepilayers grown on 2 inch double side polished sapphire wafers, with neutron conversion layers on top. Two conversion materials were investigated: enriched LiF and Gd. Undoped and silicon‐doped epilayers were examined for their scintillation properties. All of the scintillators showed neutron response when exposed to a thermalized AmBesource, however the LiF produced a peak which is more easily discriminated from the gamma response of the photomultiplier tube. Photoluminescence was used to examine the spectral content of the scintillation light, as well as to study self‐absorption of the near‐bandedge emission in GaN. (© 2012 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Quartz homeotypic gallium-orthophosphate-a new high tech piezoelectric material (1994)

In the recent years, the crystallographic and physical properties of quartz homeotypic gallium orthophosphate (GaPO <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">4</sub> ) have been studied and are summarized. Compared with quartz, these crystals show higher piezoelectric coefficients and therefore a larger electromechanical coupling. Its alpha-quartz-structure is stable up to 1206 K, where a transition to a cristobalite-like structure occurs. An alpha-beta transition does not occur, because the transition temperature would be theoretically near the melting temperature of 1943 K. Nevertheless there exist temperature compensated cuts for BAW and for SAW applications. Beside the higher coupling, the most outstanding property of these crystals is their thermal stability and the very small temperature dependency of the most important physical properties. This makes GaPO <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">4</sub> the leading material for sensors and high temperature applications. Due to a breakthrough in the growth technology of these crystals, arising from epitaxial growth on quartz seeds, it should be possible to produce this material on an industrial scale within the next years
Spectrogram Analysis Via Self-Attention for Realizing Cross-Model Visual-Audio Generation (2020)

Human cognition is supported by the combination of multimodal information from different sources of perception. The two most important modalities are visual and audio. Cross-modal visual-audio generation enables the synthesis of data from one modality following the acquisition of data from another. This brings about the full experience that can only be achieved through the combination of the two. In this paper, the Self-Attention mechanism is applied to cross-modal visual-audio generation for the first time. This technique is implemented to assist in the analysis of the structural characteristics of the spectrogram. A series of experiments are conducted to discover the best performing configuration. The post-experimental comparison shows that the Self-Attention module greatly improves the generation and classification of audio data. Furthermore, the presented method achieves results that are superior to existing cross-modal visual-audio generative models.
Physical and genetic map of the <i>Neisseria gonorrhoeae</i> strain MS11‐N198 chromosome (1991)

A macro-restriction map of the Neisseria gonorrhoeae chromosome was constructed using the enzymes Nhel and Spel. Combinations of one- and two-dimensional electrophoresis of completely or partially digested chromosomal DNA were performed to align the restriction fragments. The chromosome is circular, with an estimated size of 2.33 Mb +/- 35 kb. A genetic map was derived from the physical map; positions of over 60 defined loci were determined by Southern hybridization.
Investigation of proton density for measuring tissue temperature (2006)

The Sum_APD in adipose tissue validates the 1/T dependence on temperature. The APD is a potentially useful parameter for fat thermometry; however, its application in muscle tissue requires further investigation.
Content of Glucosinolates in Cruciferous Vegetables Grown at the Same Site for Two Years under Different Climatic Conditions (2000)

Individual glucosinolates (GLS) were determined in vegetables of three Cruciferae species: Brassica oleracea L. (white cabbage, red cabbage, Savoy cabbage, Brussels sprouts, cauliflower, kale, kohlrabi), Brassica rapa L. (turnip), and Raphanus sativus L. (red radish, black radish, and white radish) produced in two years. The cultivars were compared for the contents of total-, indole-, and aliphatic GLS. In both years, the total content of GLS was highest in black radish, and all examined R. sativus vegetables contained the greatest amount of aliphatic GLS. Neither the level nor the identity of GLS differentiated among the vegetables of the other cultivars grown in the same year. Comparison of the GLS contents of the same cultivar in two production years, which differed in temperature and rainfall rate, showed that low average 10-day rainfall and high average temperature during the vegetation period significantly increased the GLS content of vegetables. This suggests that the year x cultivar interaction modified the GLS content of vegetables.
The Reductive Half-reaction of Xanthine Oxidase (1999)

The kinetics of xanthine oxidase has been investigated with the aim of addressing several outstanding questions concerning the reaction mechanism of the enzyme. Steady-state and rapid kinetic studies with the substrate 2,5-dihydroxybenzaldehyde demonstrated that (kcat/Km)app and kred/Kd exhibit comparable bell-shaped pH dependence with pKa values of 6.4 +/- 0.2 and 8.4 +/- 0.2, with the lower pKa assigned to an active-site residue of xanthine oxidase (possibly Glu-1261, by analogy to Glu-869 in the crystallographically known aldehyde oxidase from Desulfovibrio gigas) and the higher pKa to substrate. Early steps in the catalytic sequence have been investigated by following the reaction of the oxidized enzyme with a second aldehyde substrate, 2-aminopteridine-6-aldehyde. The absence of a well defined acid limb in this pH profile and other data indicate that this complex represents an Eox.S rather than Ered.P complex (i.e. no chemistry requiring the active-site base has taken place in forming the long wavelength-absorbing complex seen with this substrate). It appears that xanthine oxidase (and by inference, the closely related aldehyde oxidases) hydroxylates both aromatic heterocycles and aldehydes by a mechanism involving base-assisted catalysis. Single-turnover experiments following incorporation of 17O into the molybdenum center of the enzyme demonstrated that a single oxygen atom is incorporated at a site that gives rise to strong hyperfine coupling to the unpaired electron spin of the metal in the MoV oxidation state. By analogy to the hyperfine interactions seen in a homologous series of molybdenum model compounds, we conclude that this strongly coupled, catalytically labile site represents a metal-coordinated hydroxide rather than the Mo=O group and that this Mo-OH represents the oxygen that is incorporated into product in the course of catalysis.
Ultrastructural and molecular analyses of the persistence of (serovar K) in human monocytes (1997)

Previous studies have suggested that monocytes may play a role in the dissemination of Chlamydia trachomatis, and in establishment of persistent infection with this bacterium. Infection of cultured human peripheral blood monocytes with C. trachomatis serovar K produced persistent, nonproductive infection. Transmission electron microscopy of such infected cultures revealed single or multiple Chlamydia in monocyte inclusions over a culture period of 10 days. Those inclusions were aberrant, and normal reticulate bodies within the inclusions were not observed. Immunoelectron microscopy showed the chlamydial major outer membrane protein and lipopolysaccharide to be associated with the bacterial plasma membrane. Lipopolysaccharide was also identified in the monocyte cytoplasm. Molecular analyses of primary chlamydial rRNA transcripts demonstrated that the organism is viable and metabolically active within monocyte inclusions. However, attempts to overcome chlamydial growth arrest by incubation of Chlamydia-infected monocytes with tryptophan, and antibodies against alpha interferon, gamma interferon, or tumor necrosis factor, were all ineffective, suggesting that known mechanisms of growth inhibition do not hold in human monocytes. These observations indicate that infection of human peripheral blood monocytes with C. trachomatis may be involved in the genesis/maintenance of extra-urogenital inflammation, since non-culturable, metabolically active bacteria persist in those cells.
Cannabinoid Modulation of Cutaneous Aδ Nociceptors During Inflammation (2008)

Previous studies have demonstrated that locally administered cannabinoids attenuate allodynia and hyperalgesia through activation of peripheral cannabinoid receptors (CB(1) and CB(2)). However, it is currently unknown if cannabinoids alter the response properties of nociceptors. In the present study, correlative behavioral and in vivo electrophysiological studies were conducted to determine if peripheral administration of the cannabinoid receptor agonists arachidonyl-2'-chloroethylamide (ACEA) or (R)-(+)-methanandamide (methAEA) could attenuate mechanical allodynia and hyperalgesia, and decrease mechanically evoked responses of Adelta nociceptors. Twenty-four hours after intraplantar injection of complete Freund's adjuvant (CFA), rats exhibited allodynia (decrease in paw withdrawal threshold) and hyperalgesia (increase in paw withdrawal frequency), which were attenuated by both ACEA and methAEA. The antinociceptive effects of these cannabinoids were blocked by co-administration with the CB(1) receptor antagonist N-(piperidin-1-yl)-5-(4-iodophenyl)-1-(2,4-dichlorophen yl)-4-methyl-1H-pyrazole-3-carboxamide (AM251) but not with the CB(2) receptor antagonist 6-iodo-2-methyl-1-[2-(4-morpholinyl)ethyl]-1H-indol-3-y l](4-methoxyphenyl)methanone (AM630). ACEA and methAEA did not produce antinociception under control, non-inflamed conditions 24 h after intraplantar injection of saline. In parallel studies, recordings were made from cutaneous Adelta nociceptors from inflamed or control, non-inflamed skin. Both ACEA and methAEA decreased responses evoked by mechanical stimulation of Adelta nociceptors from inflamed skin but not from non-inflamed skin, and this decrease was blocked by administration of the CB(1) receptor antagonist AM251. These results suggest that attenuation of mechanically evoked responses of Adelta nociceptors contributes to the behavioral antinociception produced by activation of peripheral CB(1) receptors during inflammation.
Development of a novel and efficient cell culture flocculation process using a stimulus responsive polymer to streamline antibody purification processes (2013)

Recent advances in mammalian cell culture processes have significantly increased product titers, but have also resulted in substantial increases in cell density and cellular debris as well as process and product related impurities. As such, with improvements in titer, corresponding improvements in downstream processing are essential. In this study we have developed an alternative antibody harvest process that incorporates flocculation using a novel stimulus responsive polymer, benzylated poly(allylamine), followed by depth filtration. As tested on multiple antibodies, this process demonstrates high process yield, improved clearance of cells and cell debris, and efficient reduction of aggregates, host cell proteins (HCP) and DNA. A wide operating window was established for this novel flocculation process through design of experiments condition screening and optimization. Residual levels of impurities in the Protein A eluate were achieved that potentially meet requirements of drug substance and thus alleviate the burden for further impurities removal in subsequent chromatography steps. In addition, efficient clearance of residual polymer was demonstrated using a fluorescence tagged polymer in the presence of a stimulus reagent. The mechanism of HCP and aggregates removal during flocculation was also explored. This novel and efficient process can be easily integrated into current mAb purification platforms, and may overcome downstream processing challenges.
Purification and characterization of a rabbit liver alpha 1 goes to 3 mannoside beta 1 goes to 2 N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase. (1981)

An alpha 1 goes to 3 mannoside beta 1 goes to 2 N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase has been purified 7000-fold in 36% yield from a Triton X-100 extract of rabbit liver acetone powder by affinity chromatography on UDP-hexanolamine agarose. Sodium dodecyl sulfate gel electrophoresis of the purified enzyme revealed two major bands with molecular weights of 58,000 and 46,000. Examination of the acceptor substrate specificity with pure oligomannosides revealed that the best acceptor had the following structure, (Formula: see text) and gave a single product in which N-acetylglucosamine was present in the sequence GlcNAc beta 1 goes to 2Man alpha 1 goes to 3Man beta 1 goes to 4 GlcNAc. Other terminal mannose residues in the best acceptor as well as that linked alpha 1 goes to 6 in the following oligosaccharide, (Formula: see text) were not acceptors. This specificity is in accord with the role of the transferase in the processing of mannose-containing oligosaccharides during glycoprotein biosynthesis.
Cable insulation detection based on coplanar capacitive sensor (2017)

Power cable insulation aging affects the safe operation of the power system. Detection and prediction of the insulation aging status makes it possible to replace, repair and maintain the cables in time. Coplanar capacitive sensors are widely used in non-destructive with the advantages of single-side access, adjustable signal strength and tomography capability. In this paper, capacitive sensing for the cable insulation is proposed. The presence of conductor in the cable has a big effect on the field distribution. The output capacitance was calculated by analyzing the distribution of the electric field. Then, the relationships between the sensor structural parameters and the performance indexes (sensitivity and penetration depth) were studied and the sensor structure parameters were optimized. Finally, a coplanar capacitive sensor with a flexible substrate was developed for benchmark experiments. The result shows that coplanar capacitive sensor can be used to detect the cable insulation effectively.
[The role of AP-1 and NF-kappaB in glucocorticoid resistance]. (2005)

Glucocorticoid exerts its anti-inflammatory effect mainly through the suppression of both AP-1 and NF-kappaB by its receptor, glucocorticoid receptor(GR). AP-1 and NF-kappaB are also supposed to be involved in glucocorticoid resistance. Here we describe the role of AP-1 and NF-kappaB in glucocorticoid resistance.