gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Feeder‐Free Reprogramming of Human Fibroblasts with Messenger RNA (2013)

This unit describes a feeder-free protocol for deriving induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) from human fibroblasts by transfection of synthetic mRNA. The reprogramming of somatic cells requires transient expression of a set of transcription factors that collectively activate an endogenous gene regulatory network specifying the pluripotent phenotype. The necessary ectopic factor expression was first effected using retroviruses; however, as viral integration into the genome is problematic for cell therapy applications, the use of footprint-free vectors such as mRNA is increasingly preferred. Strong points of the mRNA approach include high efficiency, rapid kinetics, and obviation of a clean-up phase to purge the vector. Still, the method is relatively laborious and has, up to now, involved the use of feeder cells, which brings drawbacks including poor applicability to clinically oriented iPSC derivation. Using the methods described here, mRNA reprogramming can be performed without feeders at much-reduced labor and material costs relative to established protocols.
A central nervous system defect in biosynthesis of corticotropin-releasing hormone is associated with susceptibility to streptococcal cell wall-induced arthritis in Lewis rats. (1989)

We have recently found that susceptibility to streptococcal cell wall (SCW)-induced arthritis in Lewis (LEW/N) rats is due, in part, to defective inflammatory and stress mediator-induced activation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis. Conversely, the relative arthritis resistance of histocompatible Fischer (F344/N) rats is related to their intact responses to the same stimuli. Specifically, LEW/N rats, in contrast to F344/N rats, have markedly impaired plasma corticotropin and corticosterone responses to SCW, recombinant human interleukin 1 alpha, the serotonin agonist quipazine, or synthetic rat/human corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH). To explore the mechanism of this defect, we examined the functional integrity of the hypothalamic CRH neuron in LEW/N rats compared to F344/N rats. LEW/N rats, in contrast to F344/N rats, showed profoundly deficient paraventricular nucleus CRH mRNA levels and hypothalamic CRH content in response to SCW. Compared to F344/N rats, there was no increase in LEW/N hypothalamic CRH content or CRH release from explanted LEW/N hypothalami in organ culture in response to recombinant interleukin 1 alpha. These data provide strong evidence that the defective LEW/N corticotropin and corticosterone responses to inflammatory and other stress mediators, and the LEW/N susceptibility to experimental arthritis, are due in part to a hypothalamic defect in the synthesis and secretion of CRH. The additional finding of deficient expression in LEW/N rats of the hypothalamic enkephalin gene, which is coordinately regulated with the CRH gene in response to stress, suggests that the primary defect is not in the CRH gene but is instead related to its inappropriate regulation.
Efficacy of a unique omega-3 formulation on the correction of nutritional deficiency and its effects on cardiovascular disease risk factors in a randomized controlled VASCAZEN® REVEAL Trial (2014)

Low blood levels of long chain omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (LC n-3 PUFA) have been reported to be associated with increased risk for cardiovascular disease (CVD) deaths. Systematic studies measuring LC n-3 PUFA blood levels (pre and post-treatment) in defined subjects, and monitoring the correction of nutritional deficiency with a pure LC n-3 PUFA formulation in sufficient doses, while monitoring CVD risk factors are lacking. We tested the efficacy of a novel LC n-3 PUFA Medical Food formulation (VASCAZEN(®), > 90 % pure with a 6:1 eicosapentaenoic acid-(EPA):docosahexaenoic acid-(DHA) ratio; 6:1-OM3), to correct such deficiency and determine the concomitant effects on lipid profiles. Of 655 subjects screened, 89 % were LC n-3 PUFA deficient (Omega-Score, (OS) = blood EPA + DHA + Docosapentaenoic acid < 6.1 %). From these, a study was conducted on 110 ambulatory cardiovascular subjects. Placebo: corn oil. Primary endpoint: change in OS. Secondary endpoint: changes in blood lipid profiles. At 8 weeks of treatment with 6:1-OM3 (4 g/day), placebo-adjusted median OS levels (n = 56) significantly improved (132 %, P < 0.0001) with a decrease in AA (arachidonic acid): EPA ratio (82 %, P < 0.0001). In hypertriglyceridemic subjects (TG 2.26-5.65 mmol/L), HDL-C improved (9 %, P = 0.0069), TG-reduced (48 %, P < 0.0001), and VLDL-C reduced (30 %, P = 0.0023), without significantly affecting LDL-C levels. This study confirms that LC n-3 PUFA deficiency is prevalent in the US population, and its correction with 6:1-OM3 in CVD subjects improves lipid profiles. The purity, EPA:DHA ratio and dose are determinant factors for optimal efficacy of a formulation in reducing CVD risk factors.
Benchmarking of Different Approaches to Forecast Solar Irradiance (2009)

Power generation from photovoltaic systems is highly variable due to its dependence on meteorological conditions. An efficient use of this fluctuating energy source requires reliable forecast information for management and operation strategies. Due to the strong increase of solar power generation the prediction of solar yields becomes more and more important. As a consequence, in the last years various research organisations and companies have developed different methods to forecast irradiance as a basis for respective power forecasts. For the end-users of these forecasts it is important that standardized methodology is used when presenting results on the accuracy of a prediction model in order to get a clear idea on the advantages of a specific approach. In this paper we introduce a benchmarking procedure to asses the accuracy of irradiance forecasts and compare different approaches of forecasting. The evaluation shows a strong dependence of the forecast accuracy on the climatic conditions. For Central European stations the relative rmse ranges from 40 % to 60 %, for Spanish stations relative rmse values are in the range of 20 % to 35 %.
A 2.4-mW 25-MHz BW 300-MS/s passive noise shaping SAR ADC with noise quantizer technique in 14-nm CMOS (2017)

This paper presents a SAR ADC using passive noise shaping and noise quantizer techniques. A ping-pong residue switching enables noise shaping at high sampling rate. The prototype in 14 nm achieves 69-dB SNDR at 25-MHz BW and 300 MS/s. The FOMs and FOMw are 169 dB and 20.5 fJ/conv.-step, respectively. With noise shaping only, the SNDR is 66.2 dB at 33-MHz BW and 400 MS/s.
Scaling-up support vector machines using boosting algorithm (2002)

In the recent years support vector machines (SVM) have been successfully applied to solve a large number of classification problems. Training an SVM, usually posed as a quadratic programming (QP) problem, often becomes a challenging task for the large data sets due to the high memory requirements and slow convergence. We propose to apply boosting to Platt's sequential minimal optimization (SMO) algorithm (1999) and to use resulting Boost-SMO method for speeding and scaling up the SVM training. Experiments on three commonly used benchmark data sets show that Boost-SMO achieves classification accuracy comparable to conventional SMO but is a factor of 3 to 10 faster. The speed-up could easily be orders of magnitude on the larger data sets.
Spectroscopic studies of the effects of mechanochemical synthesis on BaTiO3 nanocolloids prepared using high-energy ball-milling (2018)

BaTiO3 ferroelectric nanoparticles have provided benefits to numerous liquid crystal applications, while the chemistry of these nanocolloids was not fully understood. In this paper, infrared absorption spectra reveal that ferroelectric BaTiO3 nanocolloids are more than BaTiO3 nanoparticles in heptane with an oleic acid surfactant as previously believed. It is shown that ball-milling plays a bigger role than just a top-down approach for creating nanoparticles; it also is a means of mechanochemical synthesis. This paper demonstrates that mechanochemical synthesis is responsible for converting a large amount of the oleic acid to a metal carboxylate compound. This suggests that one cannot treat the oleic acid as a mere surfactant when considering new methods/recipes to improve fabrication processes for creating highly ferroelectric nanoparticles or when exploring the various effects that the organic additives may have on liquid crystal systems.
Mechanics, mechanisms, and modeling of the chemical mechanical polishing process (2001)

The Chemical Mechanical polishing (CMP) process is now widely employed in the Integrated Circuit Fabrication. However, due to the complexity of process parameters on the material removal rate (MRR), mechanism of material removal and pattern effect are not well understood. In this paper, three contact regimes between the wafer surface and the polishing pad were proposed: direct contact, mixed or partial contact, and hydroplaning. The interfacial friction force has been employed to characterize these contact conditions. Several polishing models are reviewed with emphasis on the mechanical aspects of CMP. Experiments have been conducted to verify the mechanical polishing models and to identify the dominant mechanism of material removal under typical CMP conditions.
Novel, Effective and Cost-Efficient Method of Introducing Fluorine into Metal/Hf-based Gate Stack in MuGFET and Planar SOI Devices with Significant BTI Improvement (2007)

In this work, we propose a new, effective, and cost-efficient method of introducing fluorine into metal/Hf-based gate stack of planar and multi-gate devices (MuGFET), resulting in significant improvements in both NBTI and PBTI characteristics. The key advantage of this method is that it uses the SF <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">6</sub> -based metal gate etch for F introduction, requiring no extra implantation steps. In addition to the significant BTI improvement with the novel method, we also demonstrate, for the first time, better V <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">th</sub> control and increased drive current on MuGFET devices.
Model-Based Health Monitoring of Annular Blowout Preventers (2019)

Summary Presented here is an adaptive model–based approach for the real–time condition and health monitoring of annular blowout–preventer (BOP) functions. The proposed approach fuses a first–principles model with in–field data by adapting the model coefficients to match the data. These adapted coefficients are directly interpreted as the annular preventer health indicators. The performance of the proposed adaptive model was evaluated using an annular–BOP digital twin (i.e., Virtual Annular Preventer) implemented in a simulation environment. The model was then adapted using data collected from six different offshore rigs. The resultant model coefficients indicated that the proposed methodology might detect degradation of annular preventers and, hence, provide drillers and subsea engineers with real–time information about the health of the annular–BOP function.
Joint 3D Trajectory Design and Time Allocation for UAV-Enabled Wireless Power Transfer Networks (2020)

This paper considers a rotary-wing unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV)-enabled wireless power transfer system, where a UAV is dispatched as an energy transmitter (ET), transferring radio frequency (RF) signals to a set of energy receivers (ERs) periodically. We aim to maximize the energy harvested at all ERs by jointly optimizing the UAV's three-dimensional (3D) placement, beam pattern and charging time. However, the considered optimization problem taking into account the drone flight altitude and the wireless coverage performance is formulated as a non-convex problem. To tackle this problem, we propose a low-complexity iterative algorithm to decompose the original problem into four sub-problems in order to optimize the variables sequentially. In particular, we first use the sequential unconstrained convex minimization based algorithm to find the globally optimal UAV two-dimensional (2D) position. Subsequently, we can directly obtain the optimal UAV altitude as the objective function of problem is monotonic decreasing with respect to UAV altitude. Then, we propose the multiobjective evolutionary algorithm based on decomposition (MOEA/D) based algorithm to control the phase of antenna array elements, in order to achieve high steering performance of multi-beams. Finally, with the above solved variables, the original problem is reformulated as a single-variable optimization problem where charging time is the optimization variable, and can be solved using the standard convex optimization techniques. Furthermore, we use the branch and bound method to design the UAV trajectory which can be constructed as traveling salesman problem (TSP) to minimize flight distance. Numerical results validate the theoretical findings and demonstrate that significant performance gain in terms of sum received power of ERs can be achieved by the proposed algorithm in UAV-enabled wireless power transfer networks.
Image formation in fundus cameras. (1979)

Imaging in a fundus camera depends more on design of the system than on correction of the first fundus image as formed by the ophthalmoscopic lens. We show here that the designer may use the free parameters of the ophthalmoscopic lens (contact or noncontact) to correct the latter for observation and illumination of the fundus. In both contact and noncontact systems the fundus is illuminated by forming a ring of light on the patient's cornea around a central area (the corneal window) reserved for observation. On the first surface of the crystalline lens, the light also forms a ring which must accomodate the total entrance pupil (TEP) of the observation system in its middle and which is limited on the outside by the patient's iris. The restrictions that result from this situation define the entrance pupil of the bundle of rays that image the marginal point of the retina. The limits of this bundle are imposed by the choice of the angular field of view and by the size of the patient's pupil.
Classification of alkali-silica reaction and corrosion distress using acoustic emission (2016)

The Nuclear Regulatory Commission regulates approximately 100 commercial nuclear power reactor facilities that contribute about 20% of the total electric energy produced in the United States. Half of these reactor facilities are over 30 years old and are approaching their original design service life. Due to economic and durability considerations, significant portions of many of the facilities were constructed with reinforced concrete, including the containment facilities, cooling towers, and foundations. While most of these concrete facilities have performed exceptionally well throughout their initial expected service life, some are beginning to exhibit different forms of concrete deterioration. In this study, acoustic emission (AE) is used to monitor two main concrete deterioration mechanisms; alkali-silica reaction (ASR) distress and corrosion of reinforcing steel. An accelerated ASR test was conducted where specimens were continuously monitored with AE. The results show that AE can detect and classify damage due to ASR distress in the specimens. AE was also used to remotely monitor active corrosion regions in a reactor facility. AE monitoring of accelerated corrosion testing was also conducted on a concrete block specimen cut from a similar reactor building. Electrochemical measurements were conducted to correlate AE activity to quantifiable corrosion measurements and to enhance capabilities for service life prediction.
Evidence for Exposure to HTLV-III in Uganda Before 1973 (1985)

Fifty of 75 serum samples collected in the West Nile district of Uganda between August 1972 and July 1973 contained antibodies reactive with human T-cell leukemia (lymphotropic) virus type 3 (HTLV-III; mean titer, 601), while 12 of 75 samples were positive in a similar test for HTLV type 1 (HTLV-1) antibodies (mean titer, 236). The samples were screened by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and positive results were confirmed by a newly developed unlabeled antibody-peroxidase procedure with enhanced sensitivity for detection of antibody binding to immunoblots of HTLV-III antigen, demonstrating antibodies to proteins with molecular weights of 24,000, 41,000, and 76,000 in nearly all positive samples. Analysis of titration data indicated enhanced titers of antibody against HTLV-III and HTLV-I when coinfection occurred. The high prevalence and relatively low titers [compared to serum from patients with acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS)] of antibodies recognizing HTLV-III proteins in sera from this population at a time that may predate or coincide with the appearance or spread of the AIDS agent (HTLV-III) suggest that the virus detected may have been a predecessor of HTLV-III or is HTLV-III itself but existing in a population acclimated to its presence. It further suggests an African origin of HTLV-III.
A temperature-controlled cryogen free cryostat integrated with transceiver-mode superconducting coil for high-resolution magnetic resonance imaging (2020)

Small-sized High Temperature Superconducting (HTS) radiofrequency coils are used in a number of micro-magnetic resonance imaging applications and demonstrate a high detection sensitivity that improves the signal-to-noise ratio. However, the use of HTS coils could be limited by the rarity of cryostats that are suitable for the MR environment. This study presents a magnetic resonance (MR)-compatible and easily operated cryogen-free cryostat based on the pulse tube cryocooler technology for the cooling and monitoring of HTS coils below the temperature of liquid nitrogen. This cryostat features a real-time temperature control function that allows the precise frequency adjustment of the HTS coil. The influence of the temperature on the electrical properties, resonance frequency (f<sub>0</sub>), and quality factor (Q) of the HTS coil was investigated. Temperature control is obtained with an accuracy of over 0.55 K from 60 K to 86 K, and the sensitivity of the system, extracted from the frequency measurement from 60 K to 75 K, is of about 2 kHz/K, allowing a fine retuning (within few Hz, compared to 10 kHz bandwidth) in good agreement with experimental requirements. We demonstrated that the cryostat, which is mainly composed of non-magnetic materials, does not perturb the electromagnetic field in any way. MR images of a 10 × 10 × 15 mm<sup>3</sup> liquid phantom were acquired using the HTS coil as a transceiver with a spatial resolution of 100 × 100 × 300 µm<sup>3</sup> in less than 20 min under experimental conditions at 1.5 T.
High-Density Oligonucleotide Array Analysis of mRNA Transcripts in Peripheral Blood Cells of Severe Atopic Dermatitis Patients (2002)

These 4 transcripts in PBMC are expected to be useful markers for evaluating AD.
Dynamic scan‐plane tracking using MR position monitoring (1998)

An MR-based method for tracking subject motion is presented. The technique identifies subject motion from the three-dimensional positions of three small samples attached to the subject in a fixed, triangular configuration. The updated positions of these samples relative to their initial positions determine a rigid body transformation. Applied to the MRI scan prescription via adaptive feedback controls, this transformation yields an updated MRI scan plane that tracks the prescribed imaging section as the subject moves. The scan-plane tracking procedure is demonstrated experimentally for two-dimensional imaging of a standard imaging phantom and the head of a human subject. Sets of images were acquired sequentially, with motion (translations and/or rotations) introduced between image frames. The scan-plane tracking system provides well registered image slices of the same section, adaptively compensating for the subject motion.
Design of synthetic sequence specific DNA binding molecules (1987)

The design of sequence specific DNA binding molecules has advanced in recent years due, in part, to analytical techniques such as footprinting and affinity cleaving which allow rapid and precise analysis of hundreds of potential DNA binding sites on sequencing gels (Dervan, 1986 ). Nona-N-methylpyrrolecarboxamide, a synthetic analog of the natural product distamycin, binds 11 contiguous base pairs of A,T rich DNA in the minor groove. A synthetic polypeptide, 52 amino acid residues in length and derived from a recombinase protein, binds uniquely 12 base pairs of DNA, most likely in the major and minor groove. The construction of synthetic molecules that bind in the minor and major groove of DNA with incrementally increasing sequence specificity is the first step toward defining a set of rules for the three-dimensional readout of double helical DNA. This may lead to new research tools for use in cancer research, diagnosis of disease states at the level of DNA (oncogenes), and novel chemotherapeutic strategies such as artificial repressors for inactivation of these genes.
Electret Ion Chamber System for Measurement of Environmental Radon and Environmental Gamma Radiation (1992)

Electret Ion Chamber System for Measurement of Environmental Radon and Environmental Gamma Radiation Get access P. Kotrappa, P. Kotrappa Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar T. Brubaker, T. Brubaker Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar J.C. Dempsey, J.C. Dempsey Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar L.R. Stieff L.R. Stieff Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Radiation Protection Dosimetry, Volume 45, Issue 1-4, 1 December 1992, Pages 107–110, https://doi.org/10.1093/rpd/45.1-4.107 Published: 01 December 1992
Cherenkov imaging for linac beam shape analysis as a remote electronic quality assessment verification tool (2018)

The proposed Cherenkov image acquisition system provides a valid way to remotely confirm radiation field sizes and provides similar information to that obtained from the linac light field or GaF film estimates of the beam size. The major benefit of this approach is that with a fixed installation of the camera, testing could be done completely under software control with automated image analysis, potentially simplifying conventional QA procedures with appropriate calibration of boundary definitions, and the natural extension to capturing dynamic treatment beamlets at SSD could have future value, such as verification of beam plans with complex beam shapes, like IMRT or "star-shot" QA for the isocenter.