gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Protocols for multi-satellite networks (2003)

The unique features of a multisatellite network, which distinguish it from ordinary terrestrial networks, are the large propagation delay on the links, the constant changes in the network topology, and additional constraints such as limitation on power consumption. It is noted that ordinary protocols, which are designed to operate in stable, benign environments, will perform poorly under the dynamic conditions of multisatellite network. The author analyzes the limitations to existing protocols and describes protocols, such as routing, topology control, and reliable transport, that are suitable for multisatellite networks.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Human CD34<sup>+</sup>cells differentiate into microglia and express recombinant therapeutic protein (2004)

In rodents, bone marrow-derived cells enter the brain during adult life. Allogeneic bone marrow transplantation is used to treat genetic CNS diseases, but the fate of human bone marrow and CD34(+) cells within the brain remains to be elucidated. The present study demonstrates that cells derived from human CD34(+) cells, isolated from either cord blood or peripheral blood, migrate into the brain after infusion into nonobese diabetic/severe combined immunodeficient mice. Both types of CD34(+)-derived cells differentiate into perivascular and ramified microglia. The lentiviral transfer of genes into CD34(+) cells before infusion does not modify the differentiation of human CD34(+) cells into microglia, allowing new transgenic proteins to be expressed in these cells. The transplantation of CD34(+) cells could thus be used for the treatment of CNS diseases.
Minimal RNA Constructs That Specifically Bind Aminoglycoside Antibiotics with High Affinities (1998)

RNA molecules are the functional targets for aminoglycosides. In order to approach an understanding of the rules which underlie aminoglycoside-RNA recognition, high-affinity RNA aptamers have been prepared which discriminate among various aminoglycosides [Wang et al. (1996) Biochemistry 35, 12338-12346]. One of these aptamers, J6, which is 109 nts in length, binds the aminoglycoside tobramycin stoichiometrically with a dissociation constant of 0.77 +/- 0.03 nM. Aminoglycosides, similar in structure to tobramycin, bind with affinities diminished by 10(3)-10(4) compared to tobramycin. Experiments are reported here which are designed to reveal the nature of the tobramycin binding domain of J6. A small (40 nts) stem-loop derivative of J6, containing a 3 nt and a 1 nt bulge, stoichiometrically binds tobramycin with a dissociation constant of approximately 5 nM. This construct can strongly discriminate between similar aminoglycosides with respect to binding. Elimination of either the three or the single nucleotide bulge eliminates specific aminoglycoside binding. The structure of the loop region is also critical. These studies demonstrate that simplified RNA molecules can be generated which bind aminoglycosides specifically and with high affinities.
Design and Synthesis of a Library of Lead-Like 2,4-Bisheterocyclic Substituted Thiophenes as Selective Dyrk/Clk Inhibitors (2014)

The Dyrk family of protein kinases is implicated in the pathogenesis of several diseases, including cancer and neurodegeneration. Pharmacological inhibitors were mainly described for Dyrk1A so far, but in fewer cases for Dyrk1B, Dyrk2 or other isoforms. Herein, we report the development and optimization of 2,4-bisheterocyclic substituted thiophenes as a novel class of Dyrk inhibitors. The optimized hit compounds displayed favorable pharmacokinetic properties and high ligand efficiencies, and inhibited Dyrk1B in intact cells. In a larger selectivity screen, only Clk1 and Clk4 were identified as additional targets of compound 48, but no other kinases frequently reported as off-targets. Interestingly, Dyrk1A is implicated in the regulation of alternative splicing, a function shared with Clk1/Clk4; thus, some of the dual inhibitors might be useful as efficient splicing modulators. A further compound (29) inhibited Dyrk1A and 1B with an IC50 of 130 nM, showing a moderate selectivity over Dyrk2. Since penetration of the central nervous system (CNS) seems possible based on the physicochemical properties, this compound might serve as a lead for the development of potential therapeutic agents against glioblastoma. Furthermore, an inhibitor selective for Dyrk2 (24) was also identified, which might be are suitable as a pharmacological tool to dissect Dyrk2 isoform-mediated functions.
Behavior of myc and ras oncogenes in transformation of rat embryo fibroblasts. (1986)

The requirements for transformation of rat embryo fibroblasts (REFs) by transfected ras and myc oncogenes were explored. Under conditions of dense monolayer culture, neither oncogene was able to transform REFs on its own. However, the introduction of a ras oncogene together with a selectable neomycin resistance marker into REFs allowed killing of the normal nontransfected cells and the outgrowth of colonies of ras transformants, 10% of which survived crisis and became tumorigenic. These cells expressed greater than 10-fold-higher levels of ras p21 than tumorigenic cells cotransfected with ras and myc oncogenes. The myc oncogene similarly was unable to induce tumorigenic conversion of REFs unless especially refractile colonies of oncogene-bearing cells, produced by use of a cotransfected selectable marker, were picked and subcultured. Tumorigenic conversion of REFs by single transfected oncogenes appears to require special culture conditions and high levels of gene expression.
Homogenous protein programming in the mammalian left and right ventricle free walls (2011)

Despite identical cardiac outputs, the right (RV) and left ventricle (LV) have very different embryological origins and resting workload. These differences suggest that the ventricles have different protein programming with regard to energy metabolism and contractile elements. The objective of this study was to determine the relative RV and LV protein expression levels, with an emphasis on energy metabolism. The RV and LV protein contents of the rabbit and porcine heart were determined with quantitative gel electrophoresis (2D-DIGE), mass spectrometry, and optical spectroscopy techniques. Surprisingly, the expression levels for more than 600 RV and LV proteins detected were similar. This included proteins many different compartments and metabolic pathways. In addition, no isoelectric shifts were detected in 2D-DIGE consistent with no differential posttranslational modifications in these proteins. Analysis of the RV and LV metabolic response to work revealed that the metabolic rate increases much faster with workload in the RV compared with LV. This implies that the generally lower metabolic stress of the RV actually approaches LV metabolic stress at maximum workloads. Thus, identical levels of energy conversion and mechanical elements in the RV and LV may be driven by the performance requirements at maximum workloads. In summary, the ventricles of the heart manage the differences in overall workload by modifying the amounts of cytosol, not its composition. The constant myocyte composition in the LV and RV implies that the ratio of energy metabolism and contractile elements may be optimal for the sustained cardiac contractile activity in the mammalian heart.
Optical second-harmonic generation in sputter-deposited AlN films (1998)

Results of a study of optical second-harmonic (SH) generation in AlN films deposited on borosilicate glass by reactive direct current magnetron sputtering are reported. As determined by x-ray diffraction (XRD), the films were highly c-axis oriented. The transmitted SH signal for film thickness ranging from 340 to 7800 Å was measured. The signal was consistent with the existence of a dead layer (in which no SH was generated) on the film surface with an effective thickness of ∼300 Å. A set of 7800-Å-thick films were deposited at substrate temperatures from ambient to Ts=400 °C. For films deposited at 100 °C or higher, minimal variation in the SH signal with Ts was found. Values of |d33|=4 pm/V and |d31|=0.04 pm/V, with d33 and d31 having the same sign, were obtained for Ts=400 °C. The approximate tilt angle of the optic axis of the films with respect to the substrate surface normal was determined. XRD results showed that the tilt was due to a tilt of the crystallographic texture axis.
The Interaction of Gabapentin and N6-(2-phenylisopropyl)-adenosine R-(-)isomer (R-PIA) on Mechanical Allodynia in Rats with a Spinal Nerve Ligation (2008)

We examined the antiallodynic interaction between gabapentin and adenosine A1 receptor agonist, N(6)-(2-phenylisopropyl)-adenosine R-(-)isomer (R-PIA), in a rat model of nerve ligation injury. Rats were prepared with ligation of left L5-6 spinal nerves and intrathecal catheter implantation for drug administration. Mechanical allodynia was measured by applying von Frey filaments. Gabapentin and R-PIA were administered to obtain the dose-response curve and the 50% effective dose (ED(50)). Fractions of ED(50)s were administered concurrently to establish the ED(50) of the drug combination. The drug interaction between gabapentin and R-PIA was analyzed using the isobolographic method. Adenosine A1 receptor antagonist was administered intrathecally to examine the reversal of the antiallodynic effect. Locomotor function changes were evaluated by rotarod testing. Intrathecal gabapentin and R-PIA and their combination produced a dose-dependent antagonism against mechanical allodynia without severe side effects. Intrathecal gabapentin synergistically enhanced the antiallodynic effect of R-PIA when coadministered. There were no significant changes in rotarod performance time, except gabapentin 300 microg. In the combination group, the maximal antiallodynic effect was reversed by A1 adenosine receptor antagonist. These results suggest that activation of adenosine A1 receptors at the spinal level is required for the synergistic interaction on the mechanical allodynia.
Functional analysis of the DNA-stimulated ATPase domain of yeast SWI2/SNF2 (1996)

The yeast SWI2/SNF2 polypeptide is a subunit of the SWI/SNF protein complex that is required for many transcriptional activators to function in a chromatin context. SWI2 is believed to be the founding member of a new subfamily of DNA-stimulated ATPases/DNA helicases that includes proteins that function in DNA repair (RAD5, RAD16, ERCC6), recombination (RAD54), transcription (MOT1, ISWI, brm, BRG1, hBRM) and cell cycle control (STH1). We have created a set of 16 mutations within the SWI2 ATPase domain and have analyzed the functional consequences of these mutations in vivo . We have identified residues within each of the seven ATPase motifs that are required for SWI2 function. We have also identified crucial residues that are interspersed between the known ATPase motifs. In contrast, we identify other highly conserved residues that appear to be dispensable for SWI2 function. We also find that single amino acid changes in ATPase motifs IV and VI lead to a dominant negative phenotype. None of the 12 SWI2 mutations that disrupt SWI2 activity in vivo alter the assembly of the SWI/SNF complex. These studies provide an invaluable framework for biochemical analysis of the SWI2 ATPase and for functional analysis of other SWI2 family members.
Nerve growth factor receptor immunoreactive profiles in the normal, aged human basal forebrain: Colocalization with cholinergic neurons (1989)

A monoclonal antibody raised against the receptor for nerve growth factor (NGF) has been used to map the distribution of NGF receptor-containing profiles within the human basal forebrain of four male and three female elderly patients without neurologic or psychiatric illness. Immunohistochemically processed tissue reveals a continuum of NGF receptor-positive neurons located within the medial septum, vertical and horizontal limb nuclei of the diagonal band, and nucleus basalis. NGF receptor-containing neurons are also found within the bed nucleus of the stria terminalis, the anterior commissure, the internal capsule, and the internal and external medullary laminae of the globus pallidus. Virtually all (greater than 95%) NGF receptor-containing neurons colocalize with the specific cholinergic marker choline acetyltransferase (ChAT) or the nonspecific marker acetylcholinesterase (AChE). Conversely, a few cholinergic perikarya are found which are not NGF receptor positive (and vice versa). These findings demonstrate that human basal forebrain neurons on which NGF receptor immunoreactivity is detected are primarily cholinergic and analogous to the nonhuman primate Ch1-Ch4 subgroups of Mesulam et al. (J. Comp. Neurol., 214:170-197, '83). NGF receptor-containing fiber tracts are observed emanating from the medial septum and vertical limb nucleus of the diagonal band coursing medially within the fornix. Another fascicle originating mainly from the nucleus basalis and travelling within the external capsule enroute to the cortex is observed innervating all cortical layers. Comparison of NGF receptor- and ChAT-containing neurons reveals cholinergic perikarya within the striatal complex, whereas virtually no NGF receptor-containing neurons are found in these structures. An occasional displaced NGF receptor-containing neurons is seen in the ventrolateral portion of the putamen and the white matter underlying the nucleus accumbens. These data are discussed in terms of the relationship of NGF receptor- and ChAT-containing neurons within the basal forebrain and in terms of the possible functional significance of NGF in normal and diseased brain.
Thermal Birefringence Effect on the Performance of a Laser-Diode Pumped Solid-State Laser (1997)

We report the high-sensitivity measurements of two-dimensional (2D) thermal birefringence distribution in a laser-diode (LD) pumped Nd:glass (HAP4) laser under lasing (at 1054 nm) and under no lasing conditions. The thermal birefringence was reduced under the lasing condition owing to the depletion of stored energy by stimulated emission. By inserting a 90° quartz rotator between two identical LD pumped Nd:glass rods, almost perfect birefringence compensation was achieved. The power loss due to thermal birefringence was evaluated quantitatively using the Jones matrix method. A considerable reduction of power loss, from over 12% before compensation to less than 0.4% after compensation, was observed. The output performance of this laser was in fairly good agreement with the estimation after taking into account the power loss due to thermal birefringence.
Preparation and immunogenicity-evaluation of typhoid O-specific polysaccharides bio-conjugate vaccines. (2015)

Typhoid fever caused by Salmonella Typhi is still a major public health problem in developing countries. In this study, we constructed a genetically modified Salmonella Typhi strain expressing O-specific polysaccharides (OPS) antigen conjugated to a carrier, recombinant Pseudomonas aeruginosa exotoxin A(rEPA N29). The conjugates (OPS-rEPA N29) were further purified and evaluated for their immunogenicity. The results of ELISA showed that the conjugates evoked higher titers of IgG than OPS, suggesting that rEPAN29 increased immunogenicity of OPS significantly as a carrier. Moreover, three injections with 3-week interval evoked slightly higher titers of IgG than three injections with 2-week interval. However, injection of excess conjugates could not evoke higher titers of IgG against lipid polysaccharide (LPS). In summary, our study provides a new strategy for preparing polysaccharides-protein conjugate vaccines as well as similar bio-conjugate vaccines of other Gram-negative pathogens.
FOXP3<sup>+</sup>regulatory T cells as biomarkers in human malignancies (2008)

FOXP3 is a useful marker that can be used in routine clinical practise to provide both diagnostic and prognostic information in human malignancies. However, the methods and reagents used to detect FOXP3 can have a significant effect on the robustness of experimental findings and conclusions.
Reliability study under DC stress on mmW LNA, Mixer and VCO (2012)

A reliability study under DC stress has been conducted on a low noise amplifier (LNA), a mixer and a voltage controlled oscillator (VCO). Both mmW blocks were designed with heterojunction bipolar transistor (HBT) 0.13μm SiGe process from STMicroelectronics. Regarding simulations and HBT degradation studies, DC stresses were defined to provide HBT degradation within the mmW blocks. S parameters were characterized for the LNA; conversion gain and low frequency noise (LFN) were measured for the mixer; oscillation frequency and phase noise were respectively characterized and simulated. LNA and mixer are designed for 77 GHz automotive radar applications and the VCO is designed for 60 GHz wHDMI standard. Limited degradations on mmW blocks characteristics were observed for significant stress conditions covering a time to fail (TTF) of 10years.
Ripple-Port Module-Integrated Inverter for Grid-Connected PV Applications (2013)

The single-phase inverter has inherent double-frequency power ripple, which if not internally mitigated, appears at the input port and deteriorates the maximum power point tracker performance. Conventional dc link inverter topologies filter this significant double-frequency ripple by means of the bus capacitance, usually in the form of electrolytic capacitors, which have well known lifetime challenges. This paper presents a double-frequency ripple cancellation concept and experimental proof of concept. The proposed module-integrated inverter is based on the commonly used two-stage inverter. However, a third port is added for ripple cancellation purposes. Hence, a very small capacitance is needed, and, as a result, a high-reliability film capacitor can be used instead of the bulky low-reliability electrolytic ones.
Photoluminescent Porous Si/SiO<sub>2</sub> Core/Shell Nanoparticles Prepared by Borate Oxidation (2014)

A systematic study on the activation of photoluminescence from luminescent porous silicon nanoparticles (LPSiNPs) by oxidation in aqueous media containing sodium tetraborate (borax) is presented. The treatment promotes surface oxidation of the porous silicon skeleton and consequently generates an electronically passivated material. Photoluminescence is ascribed to quantum confinement effects and to defects localized at the Si‐SiO 2 interface, and the strong photoluminescence is attributed to passivation of nonradiative surface defects. The oxidation treatment (carried out at 20 °C) generates a gradual blue shift of the photoluminescence peak wavelength (from 800 nm to 630 nm), while the bandwidth remains relatively constant (≈210 nm). During the treatment period, the external quantum yield ( λ ex = 365 nm) of photoluminescence increases to a maximum value of 23% after 200 min, and then it decreases at longer treatment times. The decrease in photoluminescence intensity at longer times is attributed to degradation and dissolution of the nanoparticles, which is inhibited at higher nanoparticle concentrations or by addition of free silicic acid.
Semisupervised Deep Reinforcement Learning in Support of IoT and Smart City Services (2017)

Smart services are an important element of the smart cities and the Internet of Things (IoT) ecosystems where the intelligence behind the services is obtained and improved through the sensory data. Providing a large amount of training data is not always feasible; therefore, we need to consider alternative ways that incorporate unlabeled data as well. In recent years, deep reinforcement learning (DRL) has gained great success in several application domains. It is an applicable method for IoT and smart city scenarios where auto-generated data can be partially labeled by users' feedback for training purposes. In this paper, we propose a semisupervised DRL model that fits smart city applications as it consumes both labeled and unlabeled data to improve the performance and accuracy of the learning agent. The model utilizes variational autoencoders as the inference engine for generalizing optimal policies. To the best of our knowledge, the proposed model is the first investigation that extends DRL to the semisupervised paradigm. As a case study of smart city applications, we focus on smart buildings and apply the proposed model to the problem of indoor localization based on Bluetooth low energy signal strength. Indoor localization is the main component of smart city services since people spend significant time in indoor environments. Our model learns the best action policies that lead to a close estimation of the target locations with an improvement of 23% in terms of distance to the target and at least 67% more received rewards compared to the supervised DRL model.
IMMUNOCOMPETENCE IN OBESITY (1980)

Thirty-eight % of obese children and adolescents showed a variable impairment of cell-mediated immune responses in vivo and in vitro and reduction of intracellular bacterial killing by polymorphonuclear leukocytes. The obese group had a higher incidence of iron deficiency and moderately lower serum zinc concentrations. Levels of serum immunoglobulins, complement components C3 and C4, and numbers of T and B lymphocytes were comparable in the two groups. Serum triglycerides, cholesterol and lipoproteins were normal in all subjects. Immunologic changes correlated with the presence of subclinical deficiencies of iron and zinc. Therapy with these micronutrients for 4 weeks resulted in improvement in immunologic responses.
Sensitivity of the Acoustic Impact Technique in Characterizing Defects/Damage in Laminated Composites (1995)

The sensitivity of the Acoustic Impact Technique (AIT) has been investigated in detecting delaminations, impact and moisture induced damage in laminated composites. The use of Acoustic Impact Technique has shown encouraging results by previous investigators in identifying defects like delamination and disbonds in honeycomb structures. Very limited work has been reported in the literature about the utility of AIT as a NDT tool for testing laminated structures. The present work investigates the sensitiveness of the AIT method in detecting delamination in laminated composites in terms of size, shape, position and degree of concentration. The technique has also been applied in identifying low velocity impact and moisture induced damage in laminated composites. The significant advantage of AIT is that this technique is attractive for field applications. The AIT method involves striking the structure with an instrumented impacter in the region of interest and recording the time history of the impulse. The response of the signals received from both good and defective zones of a specimen were anlayzed in the time domain. The experimental configuration used by previous investigators was very restrictive. In this study a different experimental set up for studying AIT is developed. The effectiveness of AIT was evaluated by making a comparative study with ultrasonic measurement in detecting similar types of defects. The results indicate the sensitiveness of AIT in detecting delamination in laminated composites in terms of size, depth and degree of concentration. The low velocity impact damage can also be identified using the AIT method. Moisture induced damage, shape of delamination and position of delamination along the edges and the center appear to be less sensitive for detection by the AlT method.