gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Hearing aids, signal supplying apparatus, systems for compensating hearing deficiencies, and methods (1986)

First Page
Heuristic algorithms for route-search queries over geographical data (2008)

In a geographical route search, given search terms, the goal is to find an effective route that (1) starts at a given location, (2) ends at a given location, and (3) travels via geographical entities that are relevant to the given terms. A route is effective if it does not exceed a given distance limit whereas the ranking scores of the visited entities, with respect to the search terms, are maximal. This paper introduces route-search queries, suggests three semantics for such queries and deals with the problem of efficiently answering queries under the different semantics. Since the problem of answering route-search queries is a generalization of the traveling salesman problem, it is unlikely to have an efficient solution, i.e., there is no polynomial-time algorithm that solves the problem (unless P=NP). Hence, in this work we consider heuristics for the problem. Methods for effectively computing routes are presented. The methods are compared analytically and experimentally. For these methods, experiments on both synthetic and real-world data illustrate their efficiency and their effectiveness in computing a route that satisfies the constraints of a route-search query.
False Key-Controlled Aggressive Voltage Scaling: A Countermeasure Against LPA Attacks (2017)

A false key-controlled aggressive voltage scaling (AVS) technique is proposed as a countermeasure against leakage power analysis (LPA) attacks. A random number of false keys are utilized to control the supply voltage scaling to mask the possible leakage of the information related to the correct key to a malicious attacker. Contrary to the random AVS technique, false key-controlled AVS technique can guarantee that the added false keys always exhibit higher correlation coefficients than that of the correct key even if sufficient number of plaintexts (>10 million) are enabled. As demonstrated with the simulation results, the measurement-to-disclose (MTD) value of a cryptographic circuit can be enhanced over ten million against LPA attacks by utilizing the proposed technique, while the MTD values of a conventional cryptographic circuit without countermeasure and one with random AVS are, respectively, less than 500 and 100,000.
HTS receiver coils for magnetic-resonance instruments (1994)

Low-resistance probe coils offer improved low-noise detection of RF magnetic fields in low-signal-level magnetic-resonance imaging and spectroscopy applications. Coils are presented that have been designed for: (1) low-field MRI machines; (2) NMR microscopes; and (3) NMR spectrometers. Quality factors (Q) exceeding 10{sup 4} have been achieved for all three applications by the use of thin films of the high-temperature superconductor YBa{sub 2}Cu{sub 3}O{sub 7{minus}{delta}}. The first ever coil utilizing multilevel superconducting films is presented. Progress in the application of these coils to high-performance instruments is reviewed.
Compact 80-keV neutral-beam module (1977)

A compact and maintainable source of 80-keV neutral beams that focus to a high power density is required for the Mirror Fusion Test Facility (MFTF). In the new source being designed and built to meet these requirements, the cross-sectional area is reduced in two ways: by immersing the source in a vacuum where high voltage can be held over smaller distances and by redesigning grid supporting structures. Reliability is increased by reducing the electric fields everywhere else below those present between grids and by design innovations. The latter include techniques to reduce stray magnetic field and disperse gas uniformly, all metal-ceramic construction, and a 60-kV shield enclosing all 80-kV electrodes. Wherever possible, we have attempted to simplify the construction. We expect to solve problems that arise during testing either with add-on fixes or with the techniques already tested successfully on the Lawrence Berkeley Laboratory (LBL) 120-keV source. Easy maintenance is obtained by a compact isolation valve and by modular construction. Curving both the grid wires and their holders provides focusing in two planes.
Novel liver macromolecular MR contrast agent with a polypropylenimine diaminobutyl dendrimer core: Comparison to the vascular MR contrast agent with the polyamidoamine dendrimer core (2001)

As MRI contrast agents, more hydrophobic molecules reportedly accumulate in the liver and thus are potentially useful as liver MRI contrast agents. In this study, a generation-4 polypropylenimine diaminobutane dendrimer (DAB-Am64), which is expected to be more hydrophobic than the generation-4 polyamidoamine dendrimer (PAMAM-G4D), was used to synthesize a conjugate with 2-(p-isothiocyanatobenzyl)-6-methyl-diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid (1B4M) [DAB-Am64-(1B4M-Gd)(64)] for complexing Gd(III) ions. This DAB conjugate quickly accumulated in the liver and its characteristics were studied and compared with those of a PAMAM conjugate [PAMAM-G4D-(1B4M-Gd)(64)], which is known to be a useful vascular MRI contrast agent, in regard to its availability as a liver MRI contrast agent. DAB-Am64-(1B4M-Gd)(64) accumulated significantly more in the liver and less in blood than PAMAM-G4D-(1B4M-Gd)(64) (P < 0.001). Contrast-enhanced MRI with DAB-Am64-(1B4M-Gd)(64) was able to homogeneously enhance liver parenchyma and visualize both portal and hepatic veins of 0.5 mm diameter in mice. In conclusion, DAB-Am64-(1B4M-Gd)(64) is a good candidate for a liver MRI contrast agent.
Faster Than Real-time Facial Alignment: A 3D Spatial Transformer Network\n Approach in Unconstrained Poses (2017)

Facial alignment involves finding a set of landmark points on an image with a\nknown semantic meaning. However, this semantic meaning of landmark points is\noften lost in 2D approaches where landmarks are either moved to visible\nboundaries or ignored as the pose of the face changes. In order to extract\nconsistent alignment points across large poses, the 3D structure of the face\nmust be considered in the alignment step. However, extracting a 3D structure\nfrom a single 2D image usually requires alignment in the first place. We\npresent our novel approach to simultaneously extract the 3D shape of the face\nand the semantically consistent 2D alignment through a 3D Spatial Transformer\nNetwork (3DSTN) to model both the camera projection matrix and the warping\nparameters of a 3D model. By utilizing a generic 3D model and a Thin Plate\nSpline (TPS) warping function, we are able to generate subject specific 3D\nshapes without the need for a large 3D shape basis. In addition, our proposed\nnetwork can be trained in an end-to-end framework on entirely synthetic data\nfrom the 300W-LP dataset. Unlike other 3D methods, our approach only requires\none pass through the network resulting in a faster than real-time alignment.\nEvaluations of our model on the Annotated Facial Landmarks in the Wild (AFLW)\nand AFLW2000-3D datasets show our method achieves state-of-the-art performance\nover other 3D approaches to alignment.\n
Seamless mobile applications across heterogeneous Internet access (2004)

With the growing popularity of the mobile Internet, end users would demand seamless continuation of their Internet applications as they hop across different access technologies and administrative domains during an ongoing session. An important technology to enable this is mobile IP and its companion seamless handoff protocols, which are currently under development in the IETF. These protocols can potentially provide the mobile end user with a seamless IP connectivity. However, additional techniques may be required to ensure seamless continuation of the user's Internet applications after an IP-level handoff. In this paper, we focus on the handoff scenario in which there is a need to relocate (or provision) certain application-specific functionality to ensure the seamless continuation of the user's application after handoff. We provide a solution framework called the application context transfer (ACT) framework to address this need and describe its application to such handoff scenarios.
Inorganic hydrogen polysulfides: chemistry, chemical biology and detection (2018)

Recent studies suggest that inorganic hydrogen polysulfides (H<sub>2</sub> S<sub>n</sub> , n ≥ 2) play important regulatory roles in redox biology. Modulation of their cellular levels could have potential therapeutic value. This review article focuses on our current understanding of the biosynthesis, biofunctions, fundamental physical/chemical properties, detection methods and delivery techniques of H<sub>2</sub> S<sub>n</sub> . LINKED ARTICLES: This article is part of a themed section on Chemical Biology of Reactive Sulfur Species. To view the other articles in this section visit http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/bph.v176.4/issuetoc.
Protein Kinase C θ Inhibits Insulin Signaling by Phosphorylating IRS1 at Ser1101 (2004)

Obesity and stress inhibit insulin action by activating protein kinases that enhance serine phosphorylation of IRS1 and have been thus associated to insulin resistance and the development of type II diabetes. The protein kinase C (PKC) is activated by free-fatty acids, and its activity is higher in muscle from obese diabetic patients. However, a molecular link between PKC and insulin resistance has not been defined yet. Here we show that PKC phosphorylates IRS1 at serine 1101 blocking IRS1 tyrosine phosphorylation and downstream activation of the Akt pathway. Mutation of Ser(1101) to alanine makes IRS1 insensitive to the effect of PKC and restores insulin signaling in culture cells. These results provide a novel mechanism linking the activation of PKC to the inhibition of insulin signaling.
Short Communication: Milk Fat Response to Low Doses of trans-10, cis-12 Conjugated Linoleic Acid (CLA) (2002)

Trans-10, cis-12 conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) is a potent inhibitor of milk fat synthesis. We examined the effect of low doses of trans-10, cis-12 CLA using Holstein cows in a 4 x 4 Latin square design. Milk yield and milk protein were unaffected, but abomasal infusion of 1.25, 2.5, and 5.0 g/d of trans-10, cis-12 CLA reduced milk fat yield by 7, 16, and 29%, respectively. When combined with previous data, the reduction in milk fat yield was curvilinear, relating to both quantity infused and milk fat content of trans-10, cis-12 CLA (R2 = 0.99 and 0.96, respectively). Further, changes in milk fatty acid composition indicated the mechanism involved inhibition of de novo fatty acid synthesis and the utilization of circulating fatty acids.
Radio link parameter based speech quality index-SQI (2003)

Measurement of cellular speech quality has applications from equipment installation to daily network maintenance and benchmarking. The area is under development, driven by cost and lead-time of subjective listening tests. Lately, field tests has shown usability for objective speech quality methods. The new SQI-measure, based on radio link parameters is one of these methods. It is independent of transmitted signal and can provide better performance than PSQM. Additional information available at: www.ericsson.se/wireless/products/tems/. In this paper, the SQI measure is described, speech quality measurement methods are categorized to highlight differences between measures, performance evaluation figures are presented, and finally a motivation why speech quality is possible to measure given the radio link status.
Parts per million CH<inf>4</inf> chemoresistor sensors based on multi wall carbon nanotubes/metal-oxide nanoparticles (2016)

This paper presents a novel atomic layer deposition (ALD) based ZnO functionalization of surface pretreated multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) for highly sensitive methane chemoresistive sensors. The temperature optimization of the ALD process leads to enhanced ZnO nanoparticle functionalization and improvement in their crystalline quality as shown by transmission electron microscopy. Here we propose a facile and effective top-down method for the high-yield fabrication of chemoresistor sensors making use of MWCNTs/ZnO composite. The behavior of MWCNTs/ZnO sensors in presence of methane concentrations down to 10 ppm level has been investigated. The sensor is currently being tested under a range of conditions that include potentially interfering gases and changes to relative humidity.
Towards Generation of mJ-Level Ultrashort THz Pulses by Optical Rectification (2011)

Calculations were carried out to optimize the output THz peak electric field strength in optical rectification of ultrashort laser pulses in LiNbO3 using tilted-pulse-front excitation. The results predict peak electric field strengths on the MV/cm level in the 0.3–1.5 THz frequency range by using optimal pump pulse duration of about 500 fs, optimal crystal length, and cryogenic temperatures for reducing THz absorption in LiNbO3. The THz electric field strength can be increased further to tens of MV/cm by focusing. Using optimal conditions together with the contact grating technique THz pulses with 100 MV/cm focused electric field strength and energies on the tens-of-mJ scale are feasible.
Plywood adhesives using PF resin with fibrillated bark slurry from radiata pine (Pinus radiata D. Don): utilization of flavonoid compounds from bark and wood. IV (2020)

Abstract In 2003, the first adhesives into which considerable amounts of bark particles (< 63 μm) were incorporated were developed using radiata pine bark. The quality of bark containing adhesives has now been substantially improved by fibrillating the bark. The finely ground bark (< 63 µm) was fibrillated using a disk mill and formulated into plywood adhesives. The adhesives contained different ratios of fibrillated bark, phenol–formaldehyde (PF) resin and water. The gluability of the fibrillated bark adhesives was evaluated according to the Japanese Agricultural Standard (JAS) for Plywood and was found to be excellent with the proportion of PF resin to bark being 6 to 4 and 5 to 5 on a solid basis. The bark was fibrillated with water (in the ratio 1 to 10), freeze-dried and used for the adhesive formulations. The freeze-drying process is extremely expensive and was considered inappropriate for the production of wood adhesives. However, it was found that when the ground bark (< 1 mm) was fibrillated with a bark to water ratio of 1 to 3, the resulting bark slurry was able to be directly incorporated into a PF resin to produce high performance plywood adhesives. This improved process is more economic because it requires neither further fractionation of the ground bark nor freeze-drying of the fibrillated bark slurry. The fibrillated bark slurry adhesives are able to produce a high quality of bonding in plywood samples from not only radiata pine, but also hinoki and karamatsu veneers.
Stimulated emission of gamma-radiation: A proposed experiment (2004)

Abstract The purpose of this paper is to describe a method for observing stimulated emission of gamma radiation. Stimulated emission of gamma radiation has never been observed. Stimulated emission of gamma radiation will be essential for developing gamma-ray lasers. The method uses the ‘π phase-shift induced transparency’ of gamma radiation, previously called the ‘gamma echo’. The gamma-echo technique is based on a modification of the time-differential Mössbauer spectroscopic method, i.e. the source is moved ‘instantaneously’ during the lifetime of the excited state. Then a resonant absorber becomes transparent to the resonant gamma radiation. There is a type of ‘self-stimulated’ emission in which the radiation ‘absorbed’, before the phase shift, is stimulated to emit after the phase shift. To observe stimulated emission of the resonant gamma radiation, one performs the same gamma-echo experiment except the resonant absorber is replaced by another source. This secondary source is chosen to be in resonance with the original source. Under these conditions there will be no stimulated emission, in the secondary source, before the π phase shift because the incident radiation is absorbed. However, after the phase shift, the secondary source becomes transparent to the incident radiation. If one uses a matched pair of Co57 sources and the secondary source is 2mCi, there will be about 3 nuclei in the secondary source, in the first excited state of Fe57, that are available to be stimulated during the 97.8ns lifetime of the primary source radiation.
Membrane-Active Hydantoin Derivatives as Antibiotic Agents (2017)

Hydantoin (imidazolidinedione) derivatives such as nitrofurantoin are small molecules that have aroused considerable interest recently due to their low rate of bacterial resistance. However, their moderate antimicrobial activity may hamper their application combating antibiotic resistance in the long run. Herein, we report the design of bacterial membrane-active hydantoin derivatives, from which we identified compounds that show much more potent antimicrobial activity than nitrofurantoin against a panel of clinically relevant Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacterial strains. These compounds are able to act on bacterial membranes, analogous to natural host-defense peptides. Additionally, these hydantoin compounds not only kill bacterial pathogens rapidly but also prevent the development of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) bacterial resistance under the tested conditions. More intriguingly, the lead compound exhibited in vivo efficacy that is much superior to vancomycin by eradicating bacteria and suppressing inflammation caused by MRSA-induced pneumonia in a rat model, demonstrating its promising therapeutic potential.
Combination of statistical and rule-based approaches for spoken language understanding (2002)

A Natural User Interface (NUI), where a user can type or speak a request, is a good complement to the well-known Graphical User Interface (GUI). Accurately extracting user intent from such typed or spoken queries is a very difficult challenge. In this paper we evaluate several techniques to extract user intent from typed sentences in the context of the well-known Airline Travel Information (ATIS) domain, where we want to extract which of the possible tasks the user wants to do and the value of the slots associated to that task. In previous work we showed that a Semantic Context Free Grammar (CFG) semi-automatically derived from labeled data can offer very good results. In this paper we evaluate several statistical pattern recognition techniques including Support Vector Machines (SVM), Naive Bayes classifiers and task-dependent n-gram language models. These methods can yield a very low task classification error rate. If used in combination with our CFG system, they can also lead to very low slot error rates.
Isolation of Borrelia burgdorferi from saliva of the tick vector, Ixodes scapularis (1994)

A method for cultivating and isolating Lyme disease spirochetes, Borrelia burgdorferi, from the saliva of vector ticks, Ixodes scapularis (formerly known as Ixodes dammini), is described. Saliva was collected from partially engorged ticks after application of pilocarpine to induce salivation. B. burgdorferi was isolated from 8 of 14 (57%) of the saliva samples derived from ticks infected with the bacteria, as determined by direct immunofluorescent-antibody assay of tick hemolymph. A comparison of the protein profiles of the salivary isolates and a highly passaged strain (B31) showed that the salivary isolates all lacked a 22-kDa protein known to increase with continuous passage, but exhibited larger amounts of the OspA and OspB proteins than did the highly passaged B31 strain.
Compiling Relational Database Schemata into Probabilistic Graphical Models (2012)

Instead of requiring a domain expert to specify the probabilistic dependencies of the data, in this work we present an approach that uses the relational DB schema to automatically construct a Bayesian graphical model for a database. This resulting model contains customized distributions for columns, latent variables that cluster the data, and factors that reflect and represent the foreign key links. Experiments demonstrate the accuracy of the model and the scalability of inference on synthetic and real-world data.
Boosting efferocytosis in alveolar space using BCG vaccine to protect host against influenza pneumonia (2017)

Efferocytosis by alveolar phagocytes (APs) is pivotal in maintenance of lung homeostasis. Increased efferocytosis by APs results in protection against lethal acute lung injury due to pulmonary infections whereas defective efferocytosis by APs results in chronic lung inflammation. In this report, we show that pulmonary delivery of Bacillus Calmette-Guerin (BCG) significantly enhances efferocytosis by APs. Increased efferocytosis by APs maintains lung homeostasis and protects mice against lethal influenza pneumonia. Intranasally treated wild type C57Bl/6 (WT) mice with BCG showed significant increase in APs efferocytosis in vivo compared to their PBS-treated counterparts. All BCG-treated WT mice survived lethal influenza A virus (IAV) infection whereas all PBS-treated mice succumbed. BCG-induced resistance was abrogated by depleting AP prior to IAV infection. BCG treatment increased uptake, and digestion/removal of apoptotic cells by APs. BCG significantly increased the expression of TIM4 on APs and increased expression of Rab5 and Rab7. We demonstrated that increased efferocytosis by APs through pulmonary delivery of BCG initiated rapid clearance of apoptotic cells from the alveolar space, maintained lung homeostasis, reduced inflammation and protected host against lethal IAV pneumonia.
An ultra-fast scheme for sample-detection in dynamic-mode atomic force microscopy (2004)

In typical dynamic mode operation of atomic force microscopes steady state signals like amplitude and phase are used for detection and imaging of material. In these methods, high quality factor of the cantilever results in high resolution, but low bandwidth and vice versa. In this paper we present a methodology that exploits the deflection signal during the transients of the cantilever motion. The principle overcomes the limitations on the trade off between resolution and bandwidth present in existing methods and makes it independent of the quality factor. Experimental results provided corroborate the theoretical development.
Software defined radio reconfiguration management (2002)

Reconfiguration of configurable radio communication platforms contains uncounted difficulties and pitfalls. This paper contributes to the solution of this situation with a proposal of a management architecture capable to prevent mis-configurations and also to ensure reliable reconfiguration of terminals. An introduction to reconfiguration management and its requirements is followed by a description of our reconfiguration management architecture (RMA). Later parts contain an outline of the mechanisms used to implement parts of the RMA.
Anharmonicity of a superconducting qubit with a few-mode Josephson junction (2018)

Coherent operation of gate-voltage-controlled hybrid transmon qubits (gatemons) based on semiconductor nanowires was recently demonstrated. Here we experimentally investigate the anharmonicity in epitaxial InAs-Al Josephson junctions, a key parameter for their use as a qubit. Anharmonicity is found to be reduced by roughly a factor of 2 compared to conventional metallic junctions and dependent on gate voltage. Experimental results are consistent with a theoretical model, indicating that Josephson coupling is mediated by a small number of highly transmitting modes in the semiconductor junction.
Enhanced Accuracy of Continuous Glucose Monitoring by Online Extended Kalman Filtering (2010)

Realistic simulations show that the new enhanced calibration method significantly improves the accuracy of CGM signals, suggesting potential benefits by its inclusion in real-time applications of CGM devices.