gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A mobile phone user interface for image-based dietary assessment (2014)

Many chronic diseases, including obesity and cancer, are related to diet. Such diseases may be prevented and/or successfully treated by accurately monitoring and assessing food and beverage intakes. Existing dietary assessment methods such as the 24-hour dietary recall and the food frequency questionnaire, are burdensome and not generally accurate. In this paper, we present a user interface for a mobile telephone food record that relies on taking images, using the built-in camera, as the primary method of recording. We describe the design and implementation of this user interface while stressing the solutions we devised to meet the requirements imposed by the image analysis process, yet keeping the user interface easy to use.
Poling flexible piezoelectric composites (1986)

Abstract Flexible piezoelectric composites made from PZT and polymer with 0–0–3 connectivity were fabricated using several types of Eccogel polymer. The conductivity of the composite is controlled by adding small amounts of a semiconductor filler such as carbon, germanium or silicon. By controlling conductivity, poling can be carried out very rapidly at low voltages, resulting in properties comparable to composites prepared without a conductive phase. For composites optimized for hydrophone performance, the hydrostatic voltage coefficient [gbar]h and hydrostatic figure of merit [gbar]h[dbar]h are an order of magnitude larger than those of single phase PZT.
Understanding the Behavior of Calcium Compounds in Petroleum Coke Fluidized Bed Combustion (FBC) Ash (2006)

With growing understanding of the differences between solid residues from the fluidized bed combustion of petroleum coke and of coal, the significance of fuel-derived and sorbent-derived components of the ash has become clearer. It is well documented that hydration of the ashes is necessary prior to disposal or utilization or as a reactivation method. Initially, hydration of the lime was thought to involve water reacting only with CaO to form Ca(OH)2 but when the free lime content of the ashes is looked at before and after hydration, it is apparent that the process is more complex. Detailed analyses have shown that the free lime can decrease and vary within the same ash in different particle size ranges. The complexity of the reactions is reflected in problems with the assessment of the free lime content of the materials and the effect of hydration on different particle size fractions of the ash. The free lime content of the ash is significantly lower than expected based on the elemental analysis. Bed ash from the circulating fluidized bed combustion boilers owned and operated by the Nelson Industrial Steam Company Ltd. (NISCO) was examined in detail to elucidate the fate of calcium in the ash during hydration, using a range of techniques. The objective of the study is to determine the amount of CaO available for hydration/reactivation and to better understand interactions of Ca and other mineral components of the ash. Analysis results indicate that in NISCO ashes up to about 6% of the analytical CaO may be combined as acid soluble and insoluble OCCs (other calcium compounds). This implies up to about 10% less free lime than would be inferred from standard chemical analyses. About 1% of the missing CaO can be present as acid insoluble Ca and Mg vanadates, with up to 2% bound in soluble OCCs. The remaining 3-4% is still not accounted for. It is clear that even very minor quantities of mineral matter, other than CaO or CaSO4, associated mainly with the coarser size fractions, are important. The amount of bound water in the hydrated ash, other than that combined in portlandite or brucite, can be as large as 3-5%. This cannot be ignored when sample mass change on hydration or heating is used as a measure of the extent of CaO to Ca(OH)2 conversion.
Deep Learning Scaling is Predictable, Empirically (2017)

Deep learning (DL) creates impactful advances following a virtuous recipe: model architecture search, creating large training data sets, and scaling computation. It is widely believed that growing training sets and models should improve accuracy and result in better products. As DL application domains grow, we would like a deeper understanding of the relationships between training set size, computational scale, and model accuracy improvements to advance the state-of-the-art. This paper presents a large scale empirical characterization of generalization error and model size growth as training sets grow. We introduce a methodology for this measurement and test four machine learning domains: machine translation, language modeling, image processing, and speech recognition. Our empirical results show power-law generalization error scaling across a breadth of factors, resulting in power-law exponents---the "steepness" of the learning curve---yet to be explained by theoretical work. Further, model improvements only shift the error but do not appear to affect the power-law exponent. We also show that model size scales sublinearly with data size. These scaling relationships have significant implications on deep learning research, practice, and systems. They can assist model debugging, setting accuracy targets, and decisions about data set growth. They can also guide computing system design and underscore the importance of continued computational scaling.
Indium nitride quantum dots grown by metalorganic vapor phase epitaxy (2003)

With respect to growing indium nitride quantum dots with very low surface densities for quantum cryptography applications, we have studied the metalorganic vapor phase epitaxy of InN onto GaN buffer layers. From lattice mismatch results the formation of self-assembled dots. The effects of the growth temperature, V/III molar ratio, and deposition time are studied, and we demonstrate that quantum-sized dots of InN can be grown with a material crystalline quality similar to the quality of the GaN buffer layer, in densities of 107 to 108 cm−2. Such low densities of dots allow for the realization of experiments or devices in which a single dot is isolated, and may be used in the near future to produce single-photon sources.
The structures of phyllanthostatin 1 and phyllanthoside from the Central American tree <i>Phyllanthus</i><i>acuminatus</i> Vahl (1982)

A new antineoplastic glycoside, phyllanthostatin 1, and the related glycoside, phyllanthoside, have been isolated from the Central American tree, Phyllanthusacuminatus Vahl. The structures of phyllanthostatin (1a) and phyllanthoside (1b) were completely assigned by analyses of spectral data, principally by high resolution (400 MHz) nmr. In addition to exhibiting activity against the National Cancer Institute's P388 lymphocytic leukemia, phyllanthoside was found to possess a curative level of activity against the murine B16 melanoma.
Stimulation of Root Formation by Thiol Compounds (1996)

Root formation in shoot cuttings of soybean ( Glycine max L. `Williams'), mungbean ( Phaseolus aureas Mdlbg.), English ivy ( Hedera helix L.), and apple (Malus × domestica Borkh. `Jork 9') was stimulated by dithiothreitol and reduced glutathione in the presence and absence of auxin (IAA) shock. In soybean, in the absence of auxin, root formation was stimulated to about the same extent by glutathione alone as with auxin alone. The roots induced by thiol compounds were longer than roots induced by auxin shock and were completely normal in appearance. Roots produced with auxin shock alone were short and exhibited characteristic auxin-induced deformations. With a combination treatment of auxin shock and thiol compounds, roots were more numerous than with either alone, somewhat longer than with auxin alone, and exhibited fewer of the usual deformations characteristic of roots grown in the presence of external auxins. The thiol compounds also were beneficial for rooting Malus shoots propagated from callus in vitro. The thiol compounds were most beneficial with older cuttings where auxin shock was often insufficient to obtain roots. In shoots where rooting was stimulated by thiol agents, shoots grew more rapidly than in those where rooting was induced by auxin shock alone. These findings suggest a use for thiol compounds alone or in combination with auxin shock to induce differentiation of root primordia as well as for stimulation of root growth. Chemical name used: indole-3-acetic acid (IAA).
Disrupted adenovirus-based anti-cocaine vaccine: Assessment of efficacy based on PET dopamine transporter (DAT) imaging and cocaine challenge (2012)

412 Objectives We have recently developed a disrupted “adenovirus cocaine vaccine” (dAd5GNE) and preclinical studies have demonstrated that a standard prime-boost regimen of dAd5GNE evokes high titer anti-cocaine antibodies (anti-coc). In order to test the efficacy of dAd5GNE, we have performed DAT-PET in non-human primates, before and after vaccination using [11C]PE2I, a cocaine analog with high specificity to DAT. Methods Prior to vaccination, 4 rhesus monkeys had DAT-PET for 90 min with [11C]PE2I (5 mCi; SA: 10-15 Ci/μmole). At each session, DAT-PET was performed before and after cocaine challenge (1 mg/kg). Following vaccination with dAd5GNE, identical DAT-PET studies were repeated 2-3 times over a period of 4 months. Based on PET-MRI fused images and using the cerebellum as the reference region, PE2I binding potential (BP) for caudate and putamen were estimated for each PET study with and without cocaine challenge. Results Prior to vaccination, cocaine challenge significantly reduced PE2I BP (9.1±1.5 vs 4.0±1.0) and an estimated DAT occupancy was 55±12%. Following vaccination, cocaine challenge effects a significantly smaller reduction in BP (DAT occupancy Conclusions This primate study demonstrates that vaccination with dAd5GNE evokes high anti-coc titers sufficient to sequester iv administered cocaine in blood and preventing access to its receptors in the brain. DAT-PET with [11C]PE2I provides a reliable in vivo assay to assess the efficacy of dAd5GNE
Reactive rules inference from dynamic dependency models (2004)

Defining dependency models is sometimes an easier, more intuitive way for ontology representation than defining reactive rules directly, as it provides a higher level of abstraction. We will shortly introduce the ADI (Active Dependency Integration) model capabilities, emphasizing new developments: 1. Support of automatic dependencies instantiation from an abstract definition that expresses a general dependency in the ontology, namely a "template". 2. Inference of rules for dynamic dependency models where dependencies and entities may be inserted deleted and updated. We use the eTrade example in order to exemplify those capabilities.
A protease isolated from human plasma activating Factor VII independent of tissue factor (1999)

An activity detected in a prothrombin complex concentrate, termed 'thrombin-like' due to its amidolytic properties, was recently reported by another working group. This serine-protease revealed partial structural homology with a 'hepatocyte growth factor activator'. An impact of this protease on coagulation has not yet been described. The protease was isolated from plasma fractions by ion exchange chromatography and adsorption to immobilized heparin and/or aprotinin. Clotting tests including the FVIIa-rTF assay were performed employing coagulometry. A monoclonal antibody-derived F(ab')2 to FVIII was used to investigate the FVIII bypassing activity (FEIBA). The identity of the-protease with the so-called 'thrombin-like' protease was supported by sequencing of the amino-termini. Its amidolytic activity was significantly enhanced in the presence of calcium and/or heparin. Incubation with purified FVII revealed the generation of FVIIa, but was prevented by pre-incubation of the protease with aprotinin. In contrast, purified FV and FVIII were inactivated. Studying coagulation parameters, clotting times like plasma recalcification times and the prothrombin times were found to be shortened by addition of the protease. Employing a FVIII-inhibitory F(ab')2 and enhancing clotting times significantly, FEIBA of the protease was found. We demonstrated that the isolated protease activates FVII independent of tissue factor. Net acceleration of coagulation was found in several global clotting assays resulting in an in vitro FEIBA. The physiological relevance of these findings deserves further investigation.
INTERACTION OF SINGLE-WALLED CARBON NANOTUBES WITH AMINE (2011)

Single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWNTs) have excellent mechanical and electrical properties that have led to the proposal of many potential applications. However, SWNTs are typically grown as bundles of metallic and semiconducting tubes. This prevents their widespread application. Therefore, it is technologically critical to disperse and purify SWNTs and separate metallic and semiconducting SWNTs effectively. Recent progress and advances have been made on dispersion, separation, assemble, and control of electronic property of SWNTs by the interaction of organic molecules. This paper presents a brief review of the interaction of SWNTs with amine.
17.2 A 66fs<sub>rms</sub>Jitter 12.8-to-15.2GHz Fractional-N Bang-Bang PLL with Digital Frequency-Error Recovery for Fast Locking (2020)

The substantial increase in mobile data-rates, enabled by the 5G standard, calls for significantly lower integrated jitter of the local oscillator with respect to previous generations, with requirements below 90fs rms for millimeter-wave frequency bands [1]. To satisfy such stringent requirements, while at the same time guaranteeing fast lock, analog PLLs have been preferred over digital implementations in recent literature [1], [2]. Digital bang-bang PLLs, on the other hand, consume less power and occupy smaller footprint due to the absence of analog loop filters. Digital bang-bang PLLs, however, generally suffer from poor locking performance, which is due to the bang-bang phase detector (BBPD) overloading in presence of large frequency errors, and from increased jitter due to quantization. To improve locking, [3] relies on additional frequency-locking loops (FLLs) to bypass the BBPD when overloaded, at the cost of additional design complexity and power. To improve on quantization noise, [4] proposes a digital PLL based on an enhanced-resolution time-to-digital converter (TDC). However, locking performances were not addressed, and its operation was limited to the integer-N mode. Achieving low-jitter in a fractional-N PLL poses an extra challenge, because of the random jitter introduced by the digital-to-time converter (DTC) and the spectrum folding of the DTC quantization noise arising from its non-linearity and memory effects [1].
Molecular Imprinted Silica with West Nile Antibody Templates show Specific and Selective Binding in Immunoassays (2017)

A new molecular imprinting technique was developed for molecularly imprinted polymer particles (MIPs). Particles were synthesized using organic silane chemistries by a sol-gel process, where the relative amount of active monomers was complementary matched to the relative amount of surface charges of the West Nile antibody template. Synthesized MIPs showed specific binding to affinity purified polyclonal West Nile antibodies (WNA) with a loading capacity of 80 µg/mg, while MIPs absorbed non-specific proteins at a loading capacity of 28 µg/mg. A dissociation constant of Kd=57.45 μM was measured from the binding isotherms. MIPs selectively absorbed 27 times more WNA than either albumin or immunoglobulin, while MIPs absorbed 16 times more WNA than non- imprinted particles (NIPs). Finally, fluorescently labeled MIPs were incubated in a high bind 96 well plate previously loaded with template, albumin, or immunoglobulin as an immunoassay test. Fluorescent MIPs significantly bound more to wells with WNA than any other control. Thus, the development of new affordable and robust immunoassays with MIPs would be possible in the future.
Ternary Nb <sub>3</sub> Sn superconductors with artificial pinning centers and high upper critical fields (2018)

Abstract In this letter we demonstrate the development of ternary Nb 3 Sn multifilamentary conductors with artificial pinning centers (APC) which achieve high critical fields. These recently-developed conductors were tested in a 31 T magnet, and the results showed that their upper critical field ( B c 2 ) values at 4.2 K are 27–28 T, and irreversible field ( B irr ) values are above 26 T, values similar to or higher than those of best rod-restack-process (RRP) conductors. The non-Cu J c has been brought to nearly 1200 A mm −2 at 16 T and 4.2 K, comparable to RRP, in spite of the fact that the fine-grain Nb 3 Sn fractions in filaments are still low (20%–30%) and the grain sizes are still not fully refined (70–80 nm) due to conductor designs and heat treatments that are not yet optimized. The Nb 3 Sn layer J c at 4.2 K, 16 T is 4710 A mm −2 for the APC wire with 1%Zr, about 2.5 times higher than RRP conductors, in spite of the fact that its grain size is not yet fully refined due to insufficient oxygen and unoptimized heat treatment. An analysis is presented about the non-Cu J c that can be achieved by further optimizing the APC conductors and their heat treatments.
Volta potential phase plate for in-focus phase contrast transmission electron microscopy (2014)

We describe a phase plate for transmission electron microscopy taking advantage of a hitherto-unknown phenomenon, namely a beam-induced Volta potential on the surface of a continuous thin film. The Volta potential is negative, indicating that it is not caused by beam-induced electrostatic charging. The film must be heated to ∼ 200 °C to prevent contamination and enable the Volta potential effect. The phase shift is created "on the fly" by the central diffraction beam eliminating the need for precise phase plate alignment. Images acquired with the Volta phase plate (VPP) show higher contrast and unlike Zernike phase plate images no fringing artifacts. Following installation into the microscope, the VPP has an initial settling time of about a week after which the phase shift behavior becomes stable. The VPP has a long service life and has been used for more than 6 mo without noticeable degradation in performance. The mechanism underlying the VPP is the same as the one responsible for the degradation over time of the performance of thin-film Zernike phase plates, but in the VPP it is used in a constructive way. The exact physics and/or chemistry behind the process causing the Volta potential are not fully understood, but experimental evidence suggests that radiation-induced surface modification combined with a chemical equilibrium between the surface and residual gases in the vacuum play an important role.
Toward understanding the ionization mechanism of matrix‐assisted ionization using mass spectrometry experiment and theory (2019)

The 3-NBN MAI matrix produces intact, highly charged ions of nonvolatile compounds in high-vacuum TOF mass spectrometers with the aid of ablation and/or heating by laser irradiation, and shows a different ionization mechanism from that of typical MALDI matrices.
All-Optical, Three-Dimensional Electron Pulse Compression (2015)

We propose an all-optical, three-dimensional electron pulse compression scheme in which Hermite-Gaussian optical modes are used to fashion a three-dimensional optical trap in the electron pulse's rest frame.We show that the correct choices of optical incidence angles are necessary for optimal compression.We obtain analytical expressions for the net impulse imparted by Hermite-Gaussian freespace modes of arbitrary order.Although we focus on electrons, our theory applies to any charged particle and any particle with non-zero polarizability in the Rayleigh regime.We verify our theory numerically using exact solutions to Maxwell's equations for first-order Hermite-Gaussian beams, demonstrating single-electron pulse compression factors of >10 2 in both longitudinal and transverse dimensions with experimentally realizable optical pulses.The proposed scheme is useful in ultrafast electron imaging for both single-and multi-electron pulse compression, and as a means of circumventing temporal distortions in magnetic lenses when focusing ultrashort electron pulses.Other applications include the creation of flat electron beams and ultrashort electron bunches for coherent terahertz emission.
Database Buffer Cache Simulator to Study and Predict Cache Behavior for Query Execution (2016)

Usage of an electronic media is increasing day by day and consequently the usage of applications. This fact has resulted in rapid growth of an application's data which may lead to violation of service level agreement (SLA) given to its users. To keep applications SLA compliance, it is necessary to predict the query response time before its deployment. The query response time comprises of two elements, computation time and IO access time. The latter includes time spent in getting data from disk subsystem and database/operating system (OS) cache. Correct prediction of a query performance needs to model cache behavior for growing data size. The complex nature of data storage and data access pattern by queries brings in difficulty to use only mathematical model for cache behavior prediction. In this paper, a Database Buffer Cache Simulator has been proposed, which mimics the behavior of the database buffer cache, which can be used to predict the cache misses for different types of data access by a query. The simulator has been validated using Oracle 11g and TPC-H benchmarks. The simulator is able to predict cache misses with an average error of 2%.
Electrochemical process for benzanthrones and planar polycyclic aromatic oxo compounds (1982)

The title compds., useful in the prodn. of dye intermediates, are prepd. in acid media in an electrolysis cell whose electrodes are sepd. by a membrane. At the cathode, anthraquinones are reductively cyclized with glycerol [56-81-5] to give the corresponding benzanthrones. In the anode chamber the oxidn. state of a transition metal ion is electrochem. increased by 1 and the resulting ion serves as a chem. oxidant for a planar polycyclic arom. compd. Thus, to the cathode chamber contg. 46.8 g anthraquinone [84-65-1] in 1300 g H2SO4, 31.05 g glycerol was added dropwise while the current was running. On the anodic side 10 g MnSO4.H2O was suspended in 130 g 88% H2SO4. benzanthrone [82-05-3] (85%) Was isolated from the cathodic portion, while the anolyte was used to cyclooxidize 10 g 4,4'-bibenzanthrone [116-90-5] to dioxoviolanthrone [64346-54-9] which was reduced with NaHSO3 to dihydroxyviolanthrone (I) [26545-62-0] in 76.4% yield. I was used as an intermediate in the synthesis of vat dyes. [on SciFinder (R)]
A generator transfer function regulator for improved excitation control (1998)

The control performance of a conventional fixed parameter automatic voltage regulator (AVR) varies significantly with the generator load and operating situation, giving rise to design difficulties and operational limitations. A new form of auxiliary control loop for an AVR, utilising direct and quadrature axes signals, is proposed which accounts for the influence of the generator load. This loop not only provides consistent voltage control performance over the generator operating range but also improves the stability characteristics of the basic AVR, thereby extending the operational range of the generator and system.