gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Endotoxin-Like Activities of Mycoplasmal Lipopolysaccharides (Lipoglycans) (1980)

Lipoglycans (previously designated lipopolysaccharides) from several species of Acholeplasma and from Thermoplasma acidophilum were examined for endotoxin-like activities as measured by the standard rabbit fever test and the Limulus amoebocyte lysate assay. The lipoglycans from Acholeplasma granularum, Achloplasma laidlawii, Acholeplasma modicum, and Acholeplasma oculi caused a febrile response at concentrations of 1 ng/ml per kg or greater, whereas with control Escherichia coli EC-2 lipopolysaccharides, 6.25 ng/ml per kg was required. Similar results were obtained in the Limulus amoebocyte lysate test. The minimum concentrations in nanograms per milliliter required to stimulate formation of a solid clot were: Acholeplasma axanthum, 0.22; A. granularum, 0.85; A. modicum, 0.51; A. laidlawii, 1.05; A. oculi, 0.74. Standard E. coli 1B lipopolysaccharide required a concentration of 0.125 ng/ml. Thermoplasma lipoglycan was least active, requiring 4.25 ng/ml. Clotting of the Limulus lysate proceeds by the activation by lipopolysaccharide plus Ca(2+) of a proenzyme which cleaves an arginine-lysine peptide bond of the coagulogen. The clotting and amidase activities are inactivated by deoxycholate and can be reactivated by addition of lipopolysaccharide and Ca(2+). As with E. coli 1B lipopolysaccharide, acholeplasmal lipoglycans were shown to restore both clotting and amidase activities of the deoxycholate-inactivated Limulus clotting enzyme. The degree of restoration of amidase activity by mycoplasmal lipoglycans relative to E. coli lipopolysaccharide (1.00) were: A. axanthum, 1.71; A. modicum, 1.22; A. granularum, 0.61; and Thermoplasma, 0.37. The coagulating enzyme, restored with either E. coli lipopolysaccharide or mycoplasmal lipoglycans, was able to react with the synthetic peptide benzoyl-Ile-Glu-(gamma-OCH(3))-Gly-p-nitroaniline (an analog of the coagulogen) or with the purified coagulogen itself to form the clot. The mycoplasmal lipoglycans alone were incapable of promoting these reactions when incubated with the synthetic peptide or with the purified coagulogen, thereby ruling out the contamination of these lipoglycans with proteases capable of cleaving the same Arg-Lys peptide bond of the coagulogen. These results show that acholeplasmal lipoglycans possess endotoxin-like activities. Their passive or active role in disease remains to be established.
Packaging and Assembly for Integrated Photonics—A Review of the ePIXpack Photonics Packaging Platform (2010)

We review recent work done by the photonics packaging platform ePIXpack that serves the academic community with packaging and assembly developments in the area of integrated photonics. The paper includes recent examples of our packaging and assembly work, covering a broad range of technologies from silicon photonics to InP-based devices.
Early Local Generation of C5a Initiates the Elicitation of Contact Sensitivity by Leading to Early T Cell Recruitment (2000)

We have shown previously that an early complement C5-dependent cascade is required to recruit T cells to elicit 24-h contact sensitivity (CS) responses. In this paper, we have characterized molecular events of this early required cascade by biochemically analyzing extracts of mouse ears undergoing elicitation of CS. Chemotactic activity was found after local Ag challenge, in CS ear extracts early (by 1 h), in CS ear extracts late (through 24 h), in previously immunized mice, but not in ears of vehicle-immunized or non-immune-challenged mice. The early chemotactic activity at 2 h was likely caused by C5a, because it was neutralized in vitro by anti-C5a Ab, was inactive on C5aR-deficient (C5aR-/-) macrophages, and was absent in C5-deficient mice. The activity was present in T cell-deficient mice, but elaboration was Ag-specific. This T cell-independent, Ag-specific elaboration of C5a early in CS ear responses likely led to T cell recruitment, because subsequent local IFN-gamma mRNA and protein expression, as markers of T cell arrival and activation, began by 4 h after Ag challenge. In contrast to early C5a chemotactic activity, late chemotactic activity 24 h after Ag challenge was unaffected by anti-C5, was active on C5aR-/- macrophages, was T cell-dependent, and by ELISA appeared largely due to chemokines (macrophage-inflammatory protein-1alpha and -1beta, IFN-gamma-inducible protein-10, and monocyte chemoattractant protein-1). Importantly, early generation of C5a was required for T cell recruitment because C5aR-/- mice had absent 24-h CS. Taken together, these findings indicate an important linkage of C5a as a component of early activated innate immunity that is required for later elicitation of acquired T cell immunity, probably by facilitating the initial recruitment of T cells into the Ag-challenged local site in CS responses.
Myopathy (2011)

Published with permission from Bjorn Oskarsson, MD



This brief review touches on 5 relatively new things that ought to be useful for neurologists in general practices. The chosen topics include common conditions, techniques that are rapidly growing in utilization, and new developments that mandate new paradigms of treatment. Furthermore, all topics have had important developments in the last 5 years. The first section discusses the very common myalgias, myopathies, and rare rhabdomyolysis occurring with statin use. Next, the recently established necrotizing myopathy associated with statins is described. The third topic is muscle imaging with MRI and ultrasound, which are techniques used in conjunction with neuromuscular examination, EMG, and muscle biopsies, all of which remain the mainstay of diagnostic studies for muscle disease. The fourth topic reviewed is the myositis-specific autoantibodies and their relationship to the inflammatory myopathies. Finally, enzyme replacement therapy for Pompe disease is reviewed. This is the first limb-girdle syndrome for which we have a specific treatment and this has increased the importance of firmly establishing the underlying diagnosis in patients with these phenotypes.

Before proceeding, it should be acknowledged that the review will not cover other interesting developments in the field of muscle diseases, particularly the muscular dystrophies and mitochondrial muscle diseases, where huge steps in our understanding of these conditions have been made. Also, while the term myositis is often used interchangeably with myopathy in both clinical practice and in the literature, in this review the term myositis will be used exclusively for the inflammatory myopathies. It is important to be aware that the term often is used to refer to all myopathies, inflammatory or not, and that it can not be taken to imply an inflammatory etiology.

Statin drugs are being used more and more frequently, with up to 29.7 million people using them in …
Preparation of a natural deep eutectic solvent mediated self polymerized highly flexible transparent gel having super capacitive behaviour (2016)

2-Hydroxyethyl methacrylate was found to self-polymerize in a natural deep eutectic solvent obtained by the endothermic complexation of choline chloride and orcinol resulting formation of a highly stretchable gel having good capacitive behaviour.
Energy-efficient management of UMTS access networks (2009)

The increasing concern about the energy consumption of telecommunication networks is driving operators to manage their equipments so as to optimize energy utilization without sacrificing the user experience. In this paper, we focus on UMTS access networks, since access devices are the main energy consumers in UMTS networks. We propose a novel approach for the energy-aware management of UMTS access networks, consisting in a dynamic network planning, that, based on the instantaneous traffic intensity, reduces the number of active access devices when they are underutilized (typically at night). When some access devices are switched off, radio coverage and service provisioning are taken care of by the devices that remain active, possibly with some small increase in the emitted power, so as to guarantee that service is available over the whole area, with the desired quality.
Synthesis and biological inactivity of some 4.alpha.,6-cyclo steroids (1976)

Two different synthetic routes have been used to synthesize a series of cyclopropyl conjugated ketones in which 4alpha,6-unsaturation replaces the usual 4,5-unsaturation. The synthetic routes involve intramolecular ketocarbene addition to a 5-6 double bond and intramolecular 1,3-elimination of 6beta-substituted 5beta-3-keto steroids. Both routes give 5beta products. The analogs of progesterone, testoterone acetate, and norethisterone have been prepared and shown to be remarkably biologically inactive when compared with the corresponding standard. Possible reasons for such inactivity are discussed.
Stem cell markers in glioma progression and recurrence (2016)

Aggressive cancer cells show histological similarities to embryonic stem cells. As differentiated cells can re-acquire pluripotency and self-renewal by transfection with the transcription factors OCT4, SOX2, KLF4 and MYC, with Nanog as readout for success, we comprehensively investigated their occurrence and frequency in human astrocytomas of different malignancy grades, primary and matched recurrent glioblastomas, short- and long-term glioblastoma cultures and glioma cell lines. Among astrocytomas, mRNA expression of OCT4, MYC and (less robust) KLF4 increased with malignancy, while in recurrent glioblastomas MYC expression slightly decreased. Correlation analysis revealed distinct positive correlation between distinct stem cell markers, and this effect was most prominent in the recurrent glioblastoma cohort. In situ, embryonic stem cell factors were found also in more differentiated tumor regions. Respective cells were rarely actively proliferating and showed single or combined expression signatures, which, at least in parts, corresponded to observed positive correlations of mRNA expression. However, a 'master-marker' defining the complete glioma stem cell subset could not be confirmed. In glioma cell lines, long- and short-term cultures, embryonic markers were detected at comparable levels. Upon exposure to temozolomide, increased expression of KLF4 (and lesser Nanog and OCT4) was observed. Experimental intrinsic overexpression of SOX2, KLF4 or OCT4 did not affect the other stem cell factors. The embryonic stem cell factors comprehensively investigated in this project can control self-renewal and pluripotency, and therefore tumorigenicity. They should be considered for the development of future diagnostic and therapeutic strategies.
A spontaneous chromosomal amplification of the ADH2 gene in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. (1992)

A spontaneous antimycin A-resistant mutant carrying approximately four extra copies of ADH2 on chromosome XII was isolated from yeast strain 315-1D which lacks a functional copy of ADH1 and thus is antimycin A-sensitive. The additional copies of the normally glucose-repressed ADH2 are expressed during growth on glucose accounting for the antimycin A resistance. These extra copies are inserted into nonadjacent ribosomal DNA sequences (rDNA) near the recombination stimulating sequence HOT1. Each extra copy of the ADH2 gene (1548 bp) replaces most of the 37S transcript (approximately 7400 bp) in one of the approximately 200 copies of the rDNA present in the yeast genome. All four extra copies of ADH2 are lost at a rate of approximately 1 x 10(-5) deletions per cell per generation. One of the joints between the rDNA and ADH2 DNA is located 7 nucleotides downstream from 20 adenine residues in the normal copy of ADH2. This joint occurs at the end of a stretch of 16-29 thymidines in the rDNA which has been expanded to 57-59 thymidines. The other novel joint is located in a short region of sequence similarity between ADH2 and the rDNA. These observations suggest that amplification of ADH2 was a two step process: first the ADH2 gene was inserted into the rDNA, then multiple copies were generated by unequal crossing over or gene conversion within the rDNA.
Design, Simulation and Optimisation of an Arrayed Gas Sensor using Metal Oxide based Nanowires (2018)

The levels of toxic gases are increasing enormously in the atmosphere, thereby causing adverse effects on the health of all living beings. There are various toxic gases like ammonia, oxides of nitrogen etc., which have to be detected and eliminated even if present in minute concentrations. Metal oxide based sensors are a sought-after technology for various reasons. Metal oxide gas sensors detect gases based on surface reactions. The rates of adsorption vary with type of gas, oxide and atmospheric conditions. When gas molecules react with the oxide, due to reduction-oxidation reactions the conductivity of the oxide changes. The change in conductance of the substance is taken as a parameter to determine gas in sensor ambience. A gas can be sensed only at elevated temperatures which are provided by a special layer called micro heater within the sensor. The sensitivity of sensor changes with temperature, humidity, surface area etc., present in its ambience. This paper presents the idea of detecting carbon monoxide and ethanol gases using zinc oxide and nickel oxide as sensing materials. Further, the idea of detecting multiple gases was also established using arraying. In arraying individual sensors are grouped to detect their corresponding gases in any proportion. Nanowires were implemented to increase the sensitivity. COMSOL Multiphysics v5.2was the tool used for simulation purposes.
Laser Scanning Technology as Part of a Comprehensive Condition Assessment for Covered Bridges (2015)

or a part of an individual's income is derived from any public assistance program.
A multimedia medical communications system (1990)

The problem of communicating the radiologist's findings to the attending physician is introduced, and it is shown why it is essentially a multimedia communication problem. A multimedia communications system that was designed with a focus on database and medical reports organization and architecture is described. A report is presented of some of the key results of an in-house trial linking the Department of Radiological Sciences and the Emergency Department at the Ottawa Civic Hospital, Canada, a 950-bed tertiary-care teaching hospital.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Duty Cycle Adaptation with Respect to Traffic (2006)

Energy is a scarce resource in wireless sensor networks. Usually, during the deployment phase an appropriate duty cycle has to be found to adjust the trade-off between energy consumption and transmission delay. In this paper an adaptation algorithm for the duty cycle adjustment during runtime of the sensor network is proposed. Thereby, the traffic originating from sensor nodes is monitored in the relay node. Subsequently, the relay node evaluates the traffic whether the duty cycle has to be changed. The algorithm is evaluated in static and dynamic scenarios. It reveals that it can adapt to changing traffic, depending on the parameterization of the adaptation. The proposed adaptation algorithm saves energy in applications with strong requirements according to energy consumption
From unbiased transcriptomics to understanding the molecular basis of atherosclerosis (2021)

Saha Cardiovascular Research Center, Saha Aortic Center, Department of Physiology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky, USA Correspondence to Hisashi Sawada, 741 South Limestone, BBSRB, Room 251, Lexington, KY 40536-0509, USA. Tel: +1 859-218-1705; e-mail: [email protected]
Variation in the composition of breast milk during the first 5 weeks of lactation: implications for the feeding of preterm infants. (1982)

Milk samples were collected from 10 mothers by a standardised technique with complete expression of both breasts at each feed for 24 hours. Samples were obtained at 8 intervals during the first 36 days of lactation. Analyses were performed for trichloroacetic acid-precipitable protein, total protein, lactose, triglycerides, phospholipids, cholesterol, energy, sodium, potassium, calcium, magnesium, zinc, copper, pH, and osmolality. The results give a comprehensive picture of the development of milk composition from transitional to mature milk. The most striking feature of the results was the high degree of variation observed both between samples from the same mother and between samples from different mothers on the same day of lactation.
Dopa Metabolism by<i>Mycobacterium leprae:</i>Its Implications in Culture of the Bacillus and Chemotherapy of Leprosy (1973)

n integrated review is made of the investigations on a new type of tyrosinase (o-diphenoloxidase ) detected in My cobacterium leprae. The enzyme was different in severa l respects fro m tyrosinase obtained fro m plant or mammalian sources. Inhibitors of o-diphenoloxidase suppressed multiplication of leprosy bacteria in mouse footpads, indicating that the enzyme might have a key metabolic role in the gro wth of My co . leprae. Suspensions of the organisms exposed in vitro to one of these inhibitors (diethyldithiocarbamate) completely lost their viability. The host tissues prefere ntially invaded by the bacilli (i.e. the skin and the peripheral nerves) are of ectodermal origin where metabolism of DOPA or its derivatives is important. Our results show that DOPA and other phenolic substrates are rapidly utilized in vitro by My co. leprae. These observations suggest that, besides other fa ctors, small amounts of DOPA continually generated by living cells may be essential for the survival and proliferation of the leprosy bacteria.
Bactericidal Activities of Meropenem and Ertapenem against Extended-Spectrum-β-Lactamase-Producing <i>Escherichia coli</i> and <i>Klebsiella pneumoniae</i> in a Neutropenic Mouse Thigh Model (2007)

The purpose of this study was to examine the in vivo efficacies of meropenem and ertapenem against extended-spectrum-beta-lactamase (ESBL)-producing isolates with a wide range of MICs. Human-simulated dosing regimens in mice were designed to approximate the free drug percent time above the MIC (fT>MIC) observed for humans following meropenem at 1 g every 8 h and ertapenem at 1 g every 24 h. An in vivo neutropenic mouse thigh infection model was used to examine the bactericidal effects against 31 clinical ESBL Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae isolates and 2 non-ESBL isolates included for comparison at a standard 10(5) inoculum. Three isolates were examined at a high 10(7) inoculum as well. Meropenem displayed greater in vitro potency, with a median MIC (range) (microg/ml) of 0.125 (0.03 to 32), than did ertapenem, with 0.5 (0.012 to 128). Seven of the 31 ESBL isolates were removed from the efficacy analysis due to their inability to establish infection in the mouse model. When MICs were<or=1.5 microg/ml for ertapenem (<or=0.5 microg/ml for meropenem), similar reductions in CFU (approximately 2-log kill) were observed for both ertapenem (fT>MIC>or=23%) and meropenem (fT>MIC>or=75%). Ertapenem showed bacterial regrowth for seven of eight isolates, with MICs of>or=2 microg/ml (fT>MIC<or=20%), while meropenem displayed antibacterial potency that varied from a static effect to a 1-log bacterial reduction in these isolates (fT>MIC=30 to 65%). At a 10(7) inoculum, both agents eradicated bacteria due to adequate exposures (fT>MIC=20 to 45%). Due to low MICs, no difference in bacterial kill was noted for the majority of ESBL isolates tested. However, for isolates with raised ertapenem MICs of>or=2 microg/ml, meropenem displayed sustained efficacy due to its greater in vitro potency and higher resultant fT>MIC.
DEVELOPMENT OF OBD-II DRIVER INFORMATION SYSTEM (2007)

An on-board diagnostic II (OBD-II) is a standard diagnostic software management that is installed in a power train control module (PCM). It provides some useful data to the driver. There are four different devices using the OBD-II protocol exists in the market. These devices are used as a driver information system. They are personal digital assistant (PDA) Dyno/OBD-II scan tool, CarChip Fleet, DriveRight 600, and ScanGauge. Each of these four devices has some limitation in term of supporting all features for live data monitoring, trip information, diagnostic trouble code (DTC) scanning system, and data logging system. Thus, there is a need for a device that supports all these features together with scheduled maintenance reminder. This paper describes the design and development of driver information based on OBD-II protocol using embedded system architecture. Its hardware and software systems were designed based on four design considerations: upgrade capability, high data storage capacity, back-up capability, and user friendly. The proposed system was successfully interfaced and tested with the PCM of Hyundai Getz car.
The information mural: a technique for displaying and navigating large information spaces (2002)

Visualizations which depict entire information spaces provide context for navigation and browsing tasks; however, the limited size of the display screen makes creating effective global views difficult. We have developed a technique for displaying and navigating large information spaces. The key concept is the use of an information mural, a two-dimensional reduced representation of an entire information space that fits completely within a display window or screen. Information murals use grayscale shading and color along with anti-aliasing techniques to create a miniature version of the entire data set. By incorporating navigational capabilities, information murals become a tool that can be used as a global view along with more detailed informational displays. Information murals are utilized in our software visualization research to help depict the execution of object-oriented programs, and can also be used in more general information visualization applications.
Artificial Nanoparticle Antioxidants (2011)

Nanoparticle antioxidants constitute a new wave of antioxidant therapies for disease prevention and treatment in the field of oxidative stress. These ‘artificial’ antioxidants have demonstrated free radical scavenging activity, reducing the concentration of reactive oxygen and nitrogen species, thus acting as antioxidants by themselves. This review chapter discusses recent advances in the preparation, characterization and functionalization of these artificial nanoparticle antioxidants, the mechanism of their antioxidant activity and their use in the field of oxidative stress. These artificial antioxidants include inorganic nanoparticles possessing intrinsic antioxidant properties and nanoparticles functionalized with natural antioxidants or antioxidant enzymes to perform as an antioxidant delivery system. The antioxidant properties of these nanoparticles are discussed in relation to the structure, physicochemical properties and composition of these particles, parameters that are responsible for their redox activity and antioxidant action. Toxicity and potential applications of nanoparticles with antioxidant properties are also discussed. Antioxidant nanoparticles must be used with careful awareness of all their properties in order to achieve therapeutic results and balance antioxidant versus deleterious pro-oxidant effects.