gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Nanolasers: lasing from nanoscale quantum wires (2004)

Semiconductor lasers are in many ways second only to transistors as to their impact on today's high-tech industries. The unique characteristics, such as narrow emission wavelength, high frequency modulation, and device integratibility, make semiconductor lasers ideal photon sources for applications as diverse as telecommunication, signal processing, material characterisation, and medical diagnostics. Advances in material growth technologies, particularly molecular beam epitaxy, metal-organic chemical vapor deposition, and a suite of chemical synthesis techniques, make the fabrication of high quality nanometer scale semiconductor structures possible. Thanks to the quantum size effects that drastically modify the energy spectra of confined electrons in reduced dimensions, the population inversion necessary for lasing action occurs more efficiently as the active semiconductor gain medium is scaled down from the bulk to the nanometer scale. Consequently, semiconductor lasers built with nanoscale active media are expected to exhibit extraordinary features such as great color range, high optical gain, and low lasing threshold. Indeed, miniaturised lasers using nanoscale semiconductor gain media - two-dimensional quantum wells, one-dimensional quantum wires, and zero-dimensional quantum dots - have shown significant improvements in device performance. This article provides an overview of the physics and technologies behind the rapid progress of miniaturisation of semiconductor lasers, in particular the quantum wire lasers based on one-dimensional nanoscale optical gain media. Since the first report of lasing in quantum wires by Kapon and his co-workers, quantum wire lasers have evolved from "microlasers" in which the one-dimensional nanostructure is embedded in a micron size optical cavity, to "nanolasers" in which, as we recently demonstrated, the material gain and optical feedback are simultaneously achieved by individual nanoscale quantum wires. One-dimensional semiconductor fabrication technologies based on nanoscale lithography, self-organisation, selective growth, and chemical synthesis will be reviewed along with recent advances of quantum wire lasers built upon each of these fabrication technologies.
Highly Conjugated Side-Chain-Substituted Benzo[1,2-<i>b</i>:4,5-<i>b</i>′]dithiophene-Based Conjugated Polymers for Use in Polymer Solar Cells (2013)

A series of novel benzo[1,2-b:4,5-b′]dithiophene (BDT)-based conjugated polymers were synthesized using a Stille cross-coupling reaction. These polymers contained dithienyl thieno[3,4-c]pyrrole-4,6-dione (DTTPD) as an acceptor. Alkylthienylenevinylene thiophene side groups were introduced into the BDT units, and the solubility, absorption spectra, energy levels, charge transport, blend film morphology, and photovoltaic properties of the resulting polymer (poly[4,8-bis{2,2′-(5-ethylhexyl)thienylenevinylenethiophene}benzo[1,2-b;3,4-b]dithiophene-2,6-diyl-alt-1,3-di(thien-5′-yl)-5-octyldodecyl[3,4-c]pyrrole-4,6-dione-2,2′-diyl], PBDTTVT-DTTPD) were investigated. In addition, an alkylthienyl-substituted BDT-based polymer (poly[4,8-bis(5-(2-ethylhexyl)thiophen-2-yl)benzo[1,2-b:4,5-b′]dithiophene-2,6-diyl-alt-1,3-di(thien-5′-yl)-5-octyldodecyl[3,4-c]pyrrole-4,6-dione-2,2′-diyl], PBDTT-DTTPD) was synthesized to compare the optoelectronic and photovoltaic properties of the polymers. The weight-averaged molecular weights (Mw) of PBDTT-DTTPD and PBDTTVT-DTTPD were found to be 41 000 and 58 100 Da, with polydispersity indices of 2.0 and 2.2, respectively. Photophysical studies revealed low bandgaps of 1.88 eV for PBDTT-DTTPD and 1.87 eV for PBDTTVT-DTTPD. The PBDTTVT-DTTPD thin film was able harvest a broad solar spectrum covering the range from 300 to 700 nm. Solution-processed field-effect transistors fabricated from these polymers displayed p-type organic thin film transistor characteristics. The field-effect mobilities of PBDTT-DTTPD and PBDTTVT-DTTPD were measured to be 3.2 × 10–3 and 1.8 × 10–3 cm2 V–1 s–1, respectively. A polymer solar cell device prepared using PBDTTVT-DTTPD as the active layer exhibited a power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 6.04% with a high open circuit voltage of 0.87 V under AM 1.5 G (100 mW/cm2) conditions.
Polyadenylate polymerase modulations in human epithelioid cervix and breast cancer cell lines, treated with etoposide or cordycepin, follow cell cycle rather than apoptosis induction (2005)

Cancer results from an imbalance between cell cycle progression and apoptosis. Therefore, most anticancer drugs exert their antiproliferative and cytotoxic activity via cell cycle arrest and induction of apoptosis, a controlled form of cell death that is dysregulated in cancer. Many polyadenylation trans-acting factors, including polyadenylate polymerase (PAP), are increasingly found to be involved in cell cycle, apoptosis and cancer prognosis. The objective of the present study was to identify PAP modulations in the response of two epithelial cancer cell lines (HeLa and MCF-7) to apoptosis induction by the anticancer drugs etoposide and cordycepin. Cells were assessed for PAP activity and isoforms by the highly sensitive PAP activity assay and Western blotting, respectively. Induction of apoptosis was determined by endonucleosomal DNA cleavage, 4'6-diamidino-2-phenylindol (DAPI) staining and caspase-6 activity assay, whereas cytotoxicity and cell cycle status were assessed by trypan blue staining, 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay and flow cytometry. Our results indicate that PAP changes very early in response to either etoposide or cordycepin treatment, even prior to the hallmarks of apoptosis (chromatin condensation and cleavage), in both cell lines tested, but in a different mode. Our results suggest, for the first time, that in the epithelial cancer cell lines used, PAP modulations follow cell cycle progression rather than the course of apoptosis.
The Relationships among Self-Care Agency, Family Support, Quality of Life in Patients with Rheumatoid Arthritis (2000)

This study was conducted to identify the relationships among self-care agency, family support, qualify of life in patients with rheumatoid arthritis. The subjects were 120 rheumatoid arthritis patients who attended RA O.P.D. at a university hospital, located in Daegu city, from 10th of May in 1998 to 30th of July in 1998. Three structure questionnaires were administered for explore three main research variables; 소향숙's self-care agency scale, 강현숙's family support scale, and 김종임's quality of life scale of RA patien. Data analysis was conducted with SPSS program including percentage, mean, standard deviation, mean score, Pearson Correlation Coefficient, multiple regression, and Cronbach's Alpha. Results are summarized as follows; 1. The mean of RA patient's self-care agency was 136.62, the mean of family support 37.38, and the mean of qualify of life 134.41. 2. Subject's self-care agency was positively correlated with family support(r=.2446) and with quality of life(r=.4341). Subject's family support was positively correlated with quality of life(r=.2630). 3. Stepwise multiple regression was used to determine the predictors of subject's quality of life. Significant predictors for subject's quality of life were self-care agency(t=4.873 p=0.0000), family support(t=4.480 p=0.0000) and the severity of arthralgia(t=-3.838, p=0.0002). The number of joints involved and the periods of illness did not show significant contribution to subject's quality of life. Self-care agency, family support, and family support explained 40. 39% of the variance in RA patient's quality of life. Given this results, it is suggested that a repeated study to measure RA patient's self-care practice in their own life may be needed to develope and validate an optimum level of nursing intervention for RA patient with which family support will be encouraged and patient's self-care agency will be facilitated.
Infliximab for hidradenitis suppurativa (2003)

Infliximab is a promising agent for the treatment of HS. These initial results suggest that infliximab is associated with objective and subjective improvement in HS. Further controlled studies of the efficacy of infliximab and its effect on the course of the disease are warranted.
E-Commerce Platform Design for Producer and Consumer Connection (2012)

This article describes the importance of the establishment of a “producers and consumers connection (referred to as P-C connection ) electronic commerce (e-commerce) platform. I will discuss the design and implementation issues for such platform, and finally propose paradigms for its success running.
Mechanism of action of antidepressant medications. (1999)

The psychopharmacology of depression is a field that has evolved rapidly in just under 5 decades. Early antidepressant medications--tricyclic antidepressants (TCAs) and monoamine oxidase inhibitors (MAOIs)--were discovered through astute clinical observations. These first-generation medications were effective because they enhanced serotonergic or noradrenergic mechanisms or both. Unfortunately, the TCAs also blocked histaminic, cholinergic, and alpha1-adrenergic receptor sites, and this action brought about unwanted side effects such as weight gain, dry mouth, constipation, drowsiness, and dizziness. MAOIs can interact with tyramine to cause potentially lethal hypertension and present potentially dangerous interactions with a number of medications and over-the-counter drugs. The newest generation of antidepressants, including the single-receptor selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) and multiple-receptor antidepressants venlafaxine, mirtazapine, bupropion, trazodone, and nefazodone, target one or more specific brain receptor sites without, in most cases, activating unwanted sites such as histamine and acetylcholine. This paper discusses the new antidepressants, particularly with regard to mechanism of action, and looks at future developments in the treatment of depression.
The Development of Local Government in Australia, Focusing on NSW: From Road Builder to Planning Agency to Servant of the State Government and Developmentalism (2011)

This paper follows the legal and functional advancement of local government in NSW, Australia by examining three historical stages. It commences with its nineteenth century vestiges, moving on to compulsory incorporation and the gradual changes to modern but diverse individual councils. Issues include financial scarcity, the traditional property-based stranglehold and the burgeoning sheer power of the State Government in the planning sector.
Interfacial improvement of carbon fiber/epoxy composites by using electrospray carbon nanotube deposition (2013)

Carbon nanotubes (CNTs) were coated on unsized carbon fibers using the electrospray deposition method. The overall depositing process resulted in a multi-scale CNT hybridized structure compared to the original primary carbon fibers. The wetting behavior between fibers and epoxy resin was tested using contact angle measurements for drop-on-fiber systems and indicated good wettability. Single fiber fragmentation tests were conducted on hierarchical fiber/epoxy model composites, demonstrating a significant (~45%) improvement of the apparent interfacial shear strength (IFSS) over the baseline composites. The result is associated with improved stress transfer between the carbon fibers and surrounding matrix through the coated CNT layer.
Optimization of electro-optic phase shifters for integrated optical phased arrays (2017)

A low-loss, high-speed optical phased array (OPA) has been designed and fabricated. Two different platforms have been utilized in combination to leverage electro-optic (EO) tuning. A lithium niobate (LiNbO<sub>3</sub>) optical phased array was fabricated and used in conjunction with a silicon nitride (Si<sub>3</sub>N<sub>4</sub>) 8x8 waveguide array that condenses the output pitch and utilizes the Triplex<sup>TM</sup> waveguide technology. This OPA allows for the non-mechanical beam steering (NMBS) of 1550 nm light on an edge coupled optic platform and takes advantage of the high electro-optic coefficient and high speed capability of LiNbO<sub>3</sub> for electro-optic phase tuning. This coupled OPA has an overall insertion loss of ~3.5 dB which is advantageous to silicon-on-insulator OPAs that have shown overall insertion losses of ~14 dB. To characterize and tune this device, a 3 lens imaging system was employed to produce both near- and far- field intensity patterns of the output of the OPA on a static image plane. At the image plane, a high resolution infrared camera was used to observe the resulting intensity pattern. The control software for tuning the OPA reads the intensity incident at a specified position on the detector array, and has a PWM interface to drive the electro-optic phase controls. Beam steering was accomplished using an iterative tuning algorithm.
Addendum to "$\alpha-$Topological Vector Spaces''[Hacet. J. Math. Stat. 47 (5), 1102-1107, 2018] (2021)

In this article, we give the corrected version of Theorem 3.5 and Theorem 3.7 (a) in [$\alpha-$Topological vector spaces, Hacet. J. Math. Stat. 47 (5), 1102-1107, 2018] by T. Al-Hawary.
Classroom Attentiveness Classification Tool (ClassACT): The system introduction (2017)

The Classroom Attentiveness Classification Tool (ClassACT) is a system designed to monitor student attentiveness in a variety of instructional phases within the learning environment: lectures, group work, assessments, etc. By collecting information about the user, the user's environment, and the device itself via the various sensors built in to the tablet, processing the data, and then passing it to a classifier, ClassACT can distinguish between attentive and inattentive behavior. In the case of the formal assessment, which is the first case to be implemented, ClassAct can detect signs of academic dishonesty, as well. The system minimizes the reliance on specialized equipment and plug-n-play sensors, which reduces costs to classrooms, schools or universities wanting to implement ClassACT. Lower costs also makes this system easily extendable to online learning.
Scheduling Jobs on the Grid – Multicriteria Approach (2006)

In the paper we present two different models of Grid resource management problems: (i) Grid scheduling problems with no time characteristics available, and (ii) scheduling of jobs in presence of time characteristics achieved by using some prediction techniques, and resource reservation mechanisms. We focus on demonstrating how these two scenarios, which are important examples of Grid environments, can be modeled as multi-criteria decision support problems. We also discuss advantages and disadvantages of these models as well as practical applications.
Effect of heparin on thrombin inactivation by antithrombin-III (1978)

The inactivation of thrombin by heat and by its physiological inhibitor, antithrombin-III, shows quite different dependence on heparin concentration. Heparin at 250 microgram/ml protects thrombin against heat inactivation, and thrombin behaves heterogeneously in this reaction. In the absence of heparin, the thermodynamic activation parameters change with temperature (deltaH+ = 733 kJ/mol and 210 kJ/mol at 50 and 58 degrees C respectively). When heparin is present, heat inactivation of the protected thrombin species proceeds with deltaH+ = 88 kJ/mol and is independent of temperature in the same range. On the other hand, heparin at 0.125-2.5 microgram/ml accelerates the thrombin-antithrombin-III reaction. Thrombin does not show heterogeneity in this reaction and the time courses at any heparin concentration and any temperature between 0 and 37 degrees C appear to follow first-order kinetics. Activation enthalpy is independent of heparin concentration or temperature, deltaH+ = 82-101 kJ/mol, varying slightly with antithrombin-III concentration and thrombin specific activity. Heparin seems to exert its effect by increasing activation entropy. On the basis of these data we suggest a mechanism of action of heparin in the thrombin-antithrombin-III reaction which accounts for all the important features of the latter and seems to unify the different hypotheses that have been advanced.
High Speed Carrier Injection 18 Gb/s Silicon Micro-ring Electro-optic Modulator (2007)

We experimentally demonstrate electrooptic modulation in silicon at 18 Gbps (NRZ) in a micro-ring of 12 micron diameter using a pre-emphasis technique. Device simulations indicate that this technique can extend the bit rate to 40 Gbps.
On the fidelity of DNA replication. Metal activation of Escherichia coli DNA polymerase I. (1979)

DNA polymerases require an added divalent metal cation for catalysis (1). Kinetic and magnetic resonance studies with Escherichia
The Effect of Thickness of Aluminium Films on Optical Reflectance (2015)

In Uganda and Africa at large, up to 90% of the total energy used for food preparation and water pasteurization is from fossil fuels particularly firewood and kerosene which pollute the environment, yet there is abundant solar energy throughout the year, which could also be used. Uganda is abundantly rich in clay minerals such as ball clay, kaolin, feldspar, and quartz from which ceramic substrates were developed. Aluminium films of different thicknesses were deposited on different substrates in the diffusion pump microprocessor vacuum coater (Edwards AUTO 306). The optical reflectance of the aluminium films was obtained using a spectrophotometer (SolidSpec-3700/DUV-UV-VIS-NIR) at various wave lengths. The analysis of the results of the study revealed that the optical reflectance of the aluminium films was above 50% and increased with increasing film thickness and wavelength. Thus, this method can be used to produce reflector systems in the technology of solar cooking and other appliances which use solar energy.
Role of the hemA gene product and delta-aminolevulinic acid in regulation of Escherichia coli heme synthesis (1997)

We initiated these studies to help clarify the roles of heme, delta-aminolevulinic acid (ALA), hemA, and hemM in Escherichia coli heme synthesis. Using recombinant human hemoglobin (rHb1.1) as a tool for increasing E. coli's heme requirements, we demonstrated that heme is a feedback inhibitor of heme synthesis. Cooverexpression of rHb1.1 and the hemA-encoded glutamyl-tRNA (GTR) reductase increased intracellular levels of ALA and heme and increased the rate of rHb1.1 formation. These results support the conclusion that heme synthesis is limited by ALA (S. Hino and A. Ishida, Enzyme 16:42-49, 1973; W. K. Philipp-Dormston and M. Doss, Enzyme 16:57-64, 1973) and that the hemA-encoded GTR reductase is a rate-limiting enzyme in the pathway (J.-M. Li, C. S. Russell, and S. D. Cosloy, Gene 82:2099-217, 1989). Increasing the copy number of hemM, whose product is believed to be required for efficient ALA formation (W. Chen, C. S. Russell, Y. Murooka, and S. D. Cosloy, J. Bacteriol. 176:2743-2746, 1994; M. Ikemi, K. Murakami, M. Hashimoto, and Y. Murooka, Gene 121:127-132, 1992), had no effect on either ALA pools or the rate of rHb1.1 accumulation. The hemA-encoded GTR reductase was found to be regulated by ALA. Some of our results differ from those reported by Hart and coworkers (R. A. Hart, P. T. Kallio, and J. E. Bailey, Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 60:2431-2437, 1994), who concluded that ALA formation is not the rate-limiting step in E. coli cells expressing Vitreoscilla hemoglobin.
Test input generation with Java PathFinder: then and now (invited talk abstract) (2018)

The paper Test Input Generation With Java PathFinder was published in the International Symposium on Software Testing and Analysis (ISSTA) 2004 Proceedings, and has now been selected to receive the ISSTA 2018 Retrospective Impact Paper Award. The paper described black-box and white-box techniques for the automated testing of software systems. These techniques were based on model checking and symbolic execution and incorporated in the Java PathFinder analysis tool. The main contribution of the paper was to describe how to perform efficient test input generation for code manipulating complex data that takes into account complex method preconditions and evaluate the techniques for generating high coverage tests.
A Monolithic GaAs DC to 2-GHz Feedback Amplifier (1983)

Resistive feedback in low-frequency FET amplifiers is an attractive method of simultaneously attaining gain flatness and excellent input-output VSWR over wide bandwidths. Combined with simple matching circnitry, the feedback approach allows the design of general-purpose utility amplifiers requiring much less chip area than when conventional matching techniques are used, The 1.5- by 1.5-mm chip desenbed in this paper provides 10-dB +-1-dB gain, excellent input and output VSWR, and saturated output power in excess of +20 dBm, from below 5 MHz to 2 GHz. The noise figure is approximately 2 dB when biased for minimum noise, with an associated gain of 9 dB.
Multitransient electromagnetic demonstration survey in France (2007)

Abstract We describe the acquisition, processing, and inversion of a multitransient electromagnetic (MTEM) single-line survey, conducted in December 2004 over an underground gas storage reservoir in southwestern France. The objective was to find a resistor corresponding to known gas about 500m below the survey line. In data acquisition, we deployed a 100-m inline bipole current source and twenty 100-m inline potential receivers in various configurations along the 5-km survey line; we measured the input current step and received voltages simultaneously. Then we deconvolved the received voltages for the measured input current to determine the earth impulse responses. We show how both amplitude and traveltime information contained in the recovered earth impulse responses reveal the lateral location and approximate depth of the resistive reservoir. Integrating the impulse responses yields step responses, from which the asymptotic DC values were estimated and used in rapid 2D dipole-dipole DC resistivity inversion to find the top of the reservoir. A series of collated 1D full-waveform inversions performed on individual common midpoint gathers of the step responses position the top and bottom of a resistor corresponding to known gas in the reservoir and also obtain the transverse resistance. The results imply that the MTEM method can be used as a tool for hydrocarbon exploration and production.
Punto y final en el denominado caso «Urbanor»: comentario de la STS Pleno, Sala Civil, de 14 de enero de 2014 (2014)

Esta sentencia ha finalizado una controversia de largo periplo tras un dilatado proceso penal en el que tras una sentencia condenatoria firme, el Tribunal Constitucional accedio al amparo interesado por los condenados declarando la prescripcion de sus delitos. La resolucion que se comenta confirma la condena civil de los entonces accionistas mayoritarios de «Urbanor», en base a una responsabilidad civil contractual y condena al pago de los intereses del principal desde el momento mismo en que se produjo la lesion patrimonial de los que eran accionistas minoritarios, atendiendo al resarcimiento integro del dano en los casos de dolo.
A Technique for Lock-Less Mirroring in Parallel File Systems (2008)

As parallel file systems span larger and larger numbers of nodes in order to provide the performance and scalability necessary for modern cluster applications, the need for fault-tolerance and high data availability file systems has arisen. Modern parallel file systems spanning tens, hundreds, or even thousands of servers will require fault tolerance to avoid job failure and catastrophic data loss due to a single disk failure or server loss. Effective fault tolerance in parallel file systems must provide a high degree of data resiliency, consistency, and scalable performance. In this paper, we describe a data replication technique that meets the resiliency and consistency requirements of parallel file systems and provides scalable performance. We measure the performance of our proposed mechanism by implementing it in a popular