gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Localized Angiogenesis Induced by Human Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor-Activated PLGA Sponge (2006)

The objective of this study was to assess the in vitro release kinetics and the in vivo angiogenic effect of human vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF)-activated poly(DL-lactide-co-glycolide) (PLGA) sponge. The highly porous sponges (each 3 x 4 x 4 mm(3)) were activated by soaking in a VEGF solution (2.5 or 5.0 microg) and then freeze-drying. In vitro release in PBS was investigated by a competitive enzyme immunoassay for up to 3 weeks. The burst-type initial release within the first 3 days followed a more controlled one lasting for >2 weeks. The angiogenic potential of the VEGF sponge was evaluated by subcutaneous implantation into the epigastric groin fascia of Wistar rats. Histomorphometry and SEM confirmed the formation of new capillaries infiltrating the sponge pores starting from the first week and the drastic anostomosis at weeks 2 and 3. However, the rats implanted with control sponges or receiving VEGF injection exhibited much lower or no angiogenic response, respectively. TEM revealed the neo-vessels had a single endothelial layer surrounded by the matrix inoculated with the rat circulation. The results indicate that VEGF-activated PLGA sponge can be considered as a tool to establish neovascularized subcutaneous transplantation sites for tissue-engineering applications.
A Mouse Model Uncovers LKB1 as an UVB-Induced DNA Damage Sensor Mediating CDKN1A (p21WAF1/CIP1) Degradation (2014)

Exposure to ultraviolet (UV) radiation from sunlight accounts for 90% of the symptoms of premature skin aging and skin cancer. The tumor suppressor serine-threonine kinase LKB1 is mutated in Peutz-Jeghers syndrome and in a spectrum of epithelial cancers whose etiology suggests a cooperation with environmental insults. Here we analyzed the role of LKB1 in a UV-dependent mouse skin cancer model and show that LKB1 haploinsufficiency is enough to impede UVB-induced DNA damage repair, contributing to tumor development driven by aberrant growth factor signaling. We demonstrate that LKB1 and its downstream kinase NUAK1 bind to CDKN1A. In response to UVB irradiation, LKB1 together with NUAK1 phosphorylates CDKN1A regulating the DNA damage response. Upon UVB treatment, LKB1 or NUAK1 deficiency results in CDKN1A accumulation, impaired DNA repair and resistance to apoptosis. Importantly, analysis of human tumor samples suggests that LKB1 mutational status could be a prognostic risk factor for UV-induced skin cancer. Altogether, our results identify LKB1 as a DNA damage sensor protein regulating skin UV-induced DNA damage response.
Promoting Amine-Activated Electrochemical CO<sub>2</sub> Conversion with Alkali Salts (2019)

Amine-based CO2 chemisorption has been a long-standing motif under development for CO2 capture applications, but large-energy penalties are required to thermally cleave the N–C bond and regenerate CO2 for subsequent storage or utilization. Instead, it is attractive to be able to directly perform electrochemical reactions on the amine solutions with loaded CO2. We recently found that such a process is viable in dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) if an exogenous Li-based salt is present, leading to the formation of CO2-derived products through electrochemical N–C bond cleavage. However, the detailed influence of the salt on the electrochemical reactions was not understood. Here, we investigate the role of individual electrolyte salt constituents across multiple cations and anions in DMSO to gain improved insight into the salt’s role in these complex electrolytes. Although the anion appears to have minor effect, the cation is found to strongly modulate the thermochemistry of the amine–CO2 adducts through electrostatic interactions: 1H NMR measurements show that post-capture, pre-reduction equilibrium proportions of the formed cation-associated carbamate vary by up to 5-fold and increase with the cation’s Lewis acidity (e.g., from K+ → Na+ → Li+). This trend is quantitatively supported by density functional theory calculations of the free energy of formation of the alkali-associated adducts. Upon electrochemical reduction, however, the current densities follow an opposing trend, with enhanced reaction rates obtained with the lowest Lewis-acidity cation, K+. Meanwhile, molecular dynamics simulations indicate significant increases in desolvation and pairing kinetics occur with K+. These findings suggest that in addition to strongly affecting the speciation of amine–CO2 adducts, the cation’s pairing with −COO– can significantly hinder or enhance the rates of electrochemical reactions. Consequently, designing electrolytes to promote fast cation transfer appears important for obtaining higher current densities in future systems.
Facilitating the transformation of information technology: strategies for nurse administrators. (2012)

The effects of technology on the healthcare system have been multifaceted. While the benefits clearly outweigh the negatives that come with technology, there are various challenges that arise with technological implementation. The nurse administrator's role is to ensure that technological systems are transformed effectively and that financial, ethical, and legal implications are considered.
Ultra-wide band, high-repetition rate single channel mobile diagnostic system (2003)

The problem of diagnosing transient electromagnetic signals with ultrawideband, multioctave spectra extending into the microwave region occurs in a number of areas, including lightning phenomena, electrostatic discharge testing, laser and pulsed-power research, and electronic effects testing. Although these phenomena can sometimes be diagnosed by standard single-shot means, they often occur at repetition rates in the kilohertz range and higher, and determining waveform time and frequency-domain shot-to-shot reproducibility is often of major importance to the researcher. A novel single-channel diagnostic system, the System Verification Apparatus (SVA), is described. It is capable of measuring 100-ps risetime signals on a single-shot basis, while simultaneously measuring pulse-to-pulse variation. The SVA is a fully integrated system which includes a broadband sensor, signal and trigger conditioning electronics, multiple parallel digitizers with deep local storage, a fiber-optic data link to the controlling computer, and automated software for accurately reconstructing, archiving, and analyzing waveforms.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Intragenic DNA methylation modulates alternative splicing by recruiting MeCP2 to promote exon recognition (2013)

Although the function of DNA methylation in gene promoter regions is well established in transcriptional repression, the function of the evolutionarily conserved widespread distribution of DNA methylation in gene body regions remains incompletely understood. Here, we show that DNA methylation is enriched in included alternatively spliced exons (ASEs), and that inhibition of DNA methylation results in aberrant splicing of ASEs. The methyl-CpG-binding protein MeCP2 is enriched in included ASEs, particularly those that are also highly methylated, and inhibition of DNA methylation disrupts specific targeting of MeCP2 to exons. Interestingly, ablation of MeCP2 results in increased histone acetylation and aberrant ASE-skipping events. We further show that inhibition of histone deacetylase (HDAC) activity leads to exon skipping that shows a highly significant degree of overlap with that caused by MeCP2 knockdown. Together, our data indicate that intragenic DNA methylation operates in exon definition to modulate alternative RNA splicing and can enhance exon recognition via recruitment of the multifunctional protein MeCP2, which thereby maintains local histone hypoacetylation through the subsequent recruitment of HDACs.
Donor KIR genotype has a major influence on the rate of cytomegalovirus reactivation following T-cell replete stem cell transplantation (2005)

Reactivation of cytomegalovirus (CMV) is a common complication following allogeneic stem cell transplantation. Genetic determinants in the host and donor that may influence the rate of reactivation are currently unknown. Viral replication is controlled by T cells and natural killer (NK) cells and these share expression of killer immunoglobulin-like receptors (KIRs). We analyzed whether activatory KIRs carried by the donor influenced the subsequent rate of CMV reactivation in the patient. In transplantations involving siblings where both donor and recipient were CMV seropositive, donors with more than one activating KIR gene were associated with a 65% reduction in CMV reactivation. Multivariate analysis confirmed a significantly reduced risk of CMV reactivation in sibling transplantations where the donor had more than one activating KIR. Reduced-intensity transplantation and graft-versus-host disease grade 2 or higher were associated with an increased risk of CMV reactivation. This observation indicates that activating KIRs play an important role in the cellular control of CMV reactivation.
System and Cyber Security: Requirements, Modeling, and Management (2016)

Abstract As unmanned aircraft systems (UASs) become an increasingly integral part of numerous applications, ensuring the security of these systems against malicious cyber threats is an increasing concern. Seeking to address this problem, it is important to investigate the diverse interactions between the cyber and physical components inside the UAS. Then, feasible cyber threats and associated vulnerabilities can be analyzed with respect to different security properties. Although traditional security for computers and their networks is a key approach in the cyber layer of the UAS, this method alone is not sufficient for diagnosing overall risk as it does not account for the dynamical behavior of the UAS. Therefore, a more comprehensive security analysis framework is introduced from a systems perspective, extending beyond the cyber processes of the UAS to include the underlying physical behavior. This approach allows for a UAS that is not only programmatically secure but also whose physical operations are thoroughly inspected and guaranteed to be secure, thus complementing the existing UAS security architecture.
Adoptive Immunotherapy Using PRAME-Specific T Cells in Medulloblastoma (2018)

Medulloblastoma is the most frequent malignant childhood brain tumor with a high morbidity. Identification of new therapeutic targets would be instrumental in improving patient outcomes. We evaluated the expression of the tumor-associated antigen PRAME in biopsies from 60 patients with medulloblastoma. PRAME expression was detectable in 82% of tissues independent of molecular and histopathologic subgroups. High PRAME expression also correlated with worse overall survival. We next investigated the relevance of PRAME as a target for immunotherapy. Medulloblastoma cells were targeted using genetically modified T cells with a PRAME-specific TCR (SLL TCR T cells). SLL TCR T cells efficiently killed medulloblastoma HLA-A*02<sup>+</sup> DAOY cells as well as primary HLA-A*02<sup>+</sup> medulloblastoma cells. Moreover, SLL TCR T cells controlled tumor growth in an orthotopic mouse model of medulloblastoma. To prevent unexpected T-cell-related toxicity, an inducible caspase-9 (iC9) gene was introduced in frame with the SLL TCR; this safety switch triggered prompt elimination of genetically modified T cells. Altogether, these data indicate that T cells genetically modified with a high-affinity, PRAME-specific TCR and iC9 may represent a promising innovative approach for treating patients with HLA-A*02<sup>+</sup> medulloblastoma.<b>Significance:</b> These findings identify PRAME as a medulloblastoma tumor-associated antigen that can be targeted using genetically modified T cells. <i>Cancer Res; 78(12); 3337-49. ©2018 AACR</i>.
Tailoring of high-temperature photoluminescence in InAs∕GaAs bilayer quantum dot structures (2005)

Temperature-dependent photoluminescence is investigated in bilayer InAs∕GaAs quantum dot structures with constant InAs deposition θ1 in the seed layer, but variable deposition θ2 in both the second layer and the GaAs spacer layer. It is shown that interlayer coupling, leading to the formation of asymmetric quantum dot pairs, strengthens the high-temperature photoluminescence and strongly influences carrier relaxation channels. We report that radiative recombination and carrier capture efficiency by the quantum dots in the second layer can be tailored using the deposition θ2 and the GaAs spacer thickness.
Toxicity Effects of Methylene Blue on RatIntervertebral Disc Annulus Fibrosus Cells (2019)

Methylene blue, annulus fibrosus cell, proliferation, apoptosis, paracrine.
Network State Estimation Using Smart Experts (2014)

Several core network protocols and applications adjust their operation dynamically based on current network conditions. TCP and IEEE 802.11 are notable examples, both of which periodically adapt the retransmission timeout and the contention window size depending on the average round trip time an
Language Parametric Module Management for IDEs (2008)

An integrated development environment (IDE) monitors all the changes that a user makes to source code modules and responds accordingly by flagging errors, by reparsing, by rechecking, or by recompiling modules and by adjusting visualizations or other information derived from a module. A module manager is the central component of the IDE that is responsible for this behavior. Although the overall functionality of a module manager in a given IDE is fixed, its actual behavior strongly depends on the programming languages it has to support. What is a module? How do modules depend on each other? What is the effect of a change to a module? We propose a concise design for a language parametric module manager: a module manager that is parameterized with the module behavior of a specific language. We describe the design of our module manager and discuss some of its properties. We also report on the application of the module manager in the construction of IDEs for the specification language Asf+Sdf as well as for Java. Our overall goal is the rapid development (generation) of IDEs for programming languages and domain specific languages. The module manager presented here represents a next step in the creation of such generic language workbenches.
Flow Cytometry Analysis Reveals That Only a Subpopulation of Mouse Sperm Undergoes Hyperpolarization During Capacitation1 (2015)

To gain fertilizing capacity, mammalian sperm should reside in the female tract for a period of time. The physiological changes that render the sperm able to fertilize are known as capacitation. Capacitation is associated with an increase in intracellular pH, an increase in intracellular calcium, and phosphorylation of different proteins. This process is also accompanied by the hyperpolarization of the sperm plasma membrane potential (Em). In the present work, we used flow cytometry to analyze changes in sperm Em during capacitation in individual cells. Our results indicate that a subpopulation of hyperpolarized mouse sperm can be clearly distinguished by sperm flow cytometry analysis. Using sperm bearing green fluorescent protein in their acrosomes, we found that this hyperpolarized subpopulation is composed of sperm with intact acrosomes. In addition, we show that the capacitation-associated hyperpolarization is blocked by high extracellular K(+), by PKA inhibitors, and by SLO3 inhibitors in CD1 mouse sperm, and undetectable in Slo3 knockout mouse sperm. On the other hand, in sperm incubated in conditions that do not support capacitation, sperm membrane hyperpolarization can be induced by amiloride, high extracellular NaHCO3, and cAMP agonists. Altogether, our observations are consistent with a model in which sperm Em hyperpolarization is downstream of a cAMP-dependent pathway and is mediated by the activation of SLO3 K(+) channels.
Statistical Methods in the Atmospheric Sciences (1996)

Praise for the First Edition: 'I recommend this book, without hesitation, as either a reference or course text...Wilks' excellent book provides a thorough base in applied statistical methods for atmospheric sciences' - BAMS (Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society). Fundamentally, statistics is concerned with managing data and making inferences and forecasts in the face of uncertainty. It should not be surprising, therefore, that statistical methods have a key role to play in the atmospheric sciences. It is the uncertainty in atmospheric behavior that continues to move research forward and drive innovations in atmospheric modeling and prediction. This revised and expanded text explains the latest statistical methods that are being used to describe, analyze, test and forecast atmospheric data. It features numerous worked examples, illustrations, equations, and exercises with separate solutions. Statistical Methods in the Atmospheric Sciences, Second Edition will help advanced students and professionals understand and communicate what their data sets have to say, and make sense of the scientific literature in meteorology, climatology, and related disciplines. This book presents and explains techniques used in atmospheric data summarization, analysis, testing, and forecasting. Chapters feature numerous worked examples and exercises. Model Output Statistic (MOS) includes an introduction to the Kalman filter, an approach that tolerates frequent model changes. It includes a detailed section on forecast verification, including statistical inference, diagrams, and other methods. It provides an expanded treatment of resampling tests within nonparametric tests. It offers an updated treatment of ensemble forecasting. It provides expanded coverage of key analysis techniques, such as principle component analysis, canonical correlation analysis, discriminant analysis, and cluster analysis. It includes careful updates and edits throughout, based on users' feedback.
Adaptive loss of ultraviolet‐sensitive/violet‐sensitive (UVS/VS) cone opsin in the blind mole rat (<i>Spalax ehrenbergi</i>) (2002)

In previous studies, fully functional rod and long-wavelength-sensitive (LWS) cone photopigments have been isolated from the eye of the subterranean blind mole rat (Spalax ehrenbergi superspecies). Spalax possesses subcutaneous atrophied eyes and lacks any ability to respond to visual images. By contrast this animal retains the ability to entrain circadian rhythms of locomotor behaviour to environmental light cues. As this is the only known function of the eye, the rod and LWS photopigments are thought to mediate this response. Most mammals are dichromats possessing, in addition to a single rod photopigment, two classes of cone photopigment, LWS and ultraviolet-sensitive/violet-sensitive (UVS/VS) with differing spectral sensitivities which mediate colour vision. In this paper we explore whether Spalax is a dichromat and has the potential to use colour discrimination for photoentrainment. Using immunocytochemistry and molecular approaches we demonstrate that Spalax is a LWS monochromat. Spalax lacks a functional UVS/VS cone photopigment due to the accumulation of several deleterious mutational changes that have rendered the gene nonfunctional. Using phylogenetic analysis we show that the loss of this class of photoreceptor is likely to have arisen from the visual ecology of this species, and is not an artefact of having an ancestor which lacked a functional UVS/VS cone photopigment. We conclude that colour discrimination is not a prerequisite for photoentrainment in this species.
Flattened Convolutional Neural Networks for Feedforward Acceleration (2014)

We present flattened convolutional neural networks that are designed for fast feedforward execution. The redundancy of the parameters, especially weights of the convolutional filters in convolutional neural networks has been extensively studied and different heuristics have been proposed to construct a low rank basis of the filters after training. In this work, we train flattened networks that consist of consecutive sequence of one-dimensional filters across all directions in 3D space to obtain comparable performance as conventional convolutional networks. We tested flattened model on different datasets and found that the flattened layer can effectively substitute for the 3D filters without loss of accuracy. The flattened convolution pipelines provide around two times speed-up during feedforward pass compared to the baseline model due to the significant reduction of learning parameters. Furthermore, the proposed method does not require efforts in manual tuning or post processing once the model is trained.
Effect of an α-Adrenergic Blocker, and ACE Inhibitor and Hydrochlorothiazide on Blood Pressure and on Renal Function in Type 2 Diabetic Patients with Hypertension and Albuminuria (1998)

alpha-Adrenergic blockers are potential alternative antihypertensive agents for diabetic patients. Data on their relative efficacy and their effect on kidney function and albuminuria are very limited however. 76 patients with diabetes type 2, hypertension (>/=140/90 mm Hg) and albuminuria (>/=30 mg/24 h) were randomized into three groups to receive cilazapril (2.5-10 mg), doxazosin (2-8 mg) or both. Patients of the first and second groups received a single agent for 4 months, the agents were then crossed for an additional period of 4 months followed by the addition of hydrochlorothiazide (25 mg) for a third 4-month period. Blood pressure was monitored monthly, creatinine clearance and HbA1c were measured before and at the end of each treatment period. Patients of the third group received reduced doses of cilazapril and doxazosin for 4 months. Hydrochlorothiazide was then added for the subsequent 4 months. There was a significant decline in blood pressure values during the first period in all groups. Cilazapril: systolic blood pressure (SBP) 160 +/- 6 to 149 +/- 5 mm Hg; diastolic blood pressure (DBP): 101 +/- 3 to 94 +/- 3 mm Hg (p = 0.001). Albuminuria declined from 350 +/- 105 to 205 +/- 96 mg/24 h (p = 0.001), creatinine clearance (CrCl) was unchanged. Doxazosin: SBP: 160 +/- 7 to 151 +/- 6 mm Hg; DBP: 97 +/- 4 to 90 +/- 4 mm Hg (p = 0.001). Albuminuria 373 +/- 121 to 322 +/- 107 mg/24 h (p = 0.065) and CrCl 87 +/- 7 to 91 +/- 6 ml/min. The combination of both agents at half doses was equipotent or superior to either drug alone. Cross-over of cilazapril and doxazosin reproduced the hypotensive effect and reversed the antialbuminuric effect. The addition of hydrochlorothiazide resulted in a further decline of 6-14 mm Hg in SBP and 3-11 mm Hg in DPB.