gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Combined MEMS inertial sensors for IMU applications (2010)

Today MEMS inertial sensors have already entered a broad market area and have mastered the step into high volume mass production, as seen on 3-axis accelerometers. The competitive product innovation cycle however gives constant pressure on the development of multi-axis and multi-type sensor systems to finally conclude in a full inertial measurement unit (IMU). Up to now the combination of accelerometer and gyrometer on one chip was limited by the incompatibility of the different operational pressure requirements. In this paper we introduce a new technology approach enabling the allocation of different cavity pressures on wafer level. This new concept is being industrialized with the new combi sensor SD755, which contains in a first step one accelerometer and one angular rate sensor on the same silicon chip.
Co‐expression of B7‐1 and ICAM‐1 on tumors is required for rejection and the establishment of a memory response (1995)

Although the transfection of B7-1 cDNA into a few mouse tumor cell lines can induce anti-tumor T cell immunity, its expression alone is ineffective in many other tumor cell lines tested. We were interested to study what factors limit B7-1 co-stimulatory activity, and decided to investigate whether B7-1 requires the cooperation of ICAM-1 to provide the minimal co-stimulatory signal for establishing an efficient anti-tumor immunity. We show that the transfection of B7-1 cDNA into three ICAM-1+ (plasmocytoma J558L, T lymphomas EL-4 and RMA), but not into two ICAM-1- tumors cell lines (adenocarcinoma TS/A and melanoma B16.F1), is sufficient to induce their complete rejection in syngeneic mice. The expression of ICAM-1 is necessary for the rejection of the B7 expressing tumors, since the primary response elicited by B7-1+ EL-4 and RMA clones expressing reduced levels of ICAM-1 is severely reduced. Furthermore, super-transfection of ICAM-1 cDNA into B7-1+ adenocarcinoma and melanoma clones optimizes their primary rejection. Histologic examination of transfected tumors reveals that B7-1 and ICAM-1 exert a potent pro-inflammatory activity. The intra-tumor infiltration is composed of both eosinophils and lymphomonocytes, and is already massive 5 days after the tumor challenge. The primary rejection of the B7-1+ ICAM-1+ tumors depends critically on CD8+ T cells, natural killer cells and granulocytes, but is independent of CD4+ T cells. Remarkably, in addition to its effects on the early phases of the immune response, the co-expression of ICAM-1 and B7-1 on tumors is also necessary for the efficient induction of a memory response. In fact, only the primary challenge with B7-1+, ICAM-1+ tumor cells protects the majority of the mice from a second injection of parental tumor cells. Collectively, our findings indicate that B7-1 and ICAM-1 are fundamental components for triggering the primary rejection of tumors and establishing a protective memory response. These findings may help to define new strategies for the rational application of co-stimulation in tumor immunotherapy.
Care and Repair of Advanced Composites, Second Edition (2005)

This second edition has been extensively updated to keep pace with the growing use of composite materials in commercial aviation. A worldwide reference for repair technicians and design engineers, the book is an outgrowth of the course syllabus that was developed by the Training Task Group of SAE's Commercial Aircraft Composite Repair Committee (CACRC) and published as SAE AIR 4938, Composite and Bonded Structure Technician Specialist Training Document. Topics new to this edition include: Nondestructive Inspection (NDI) Methods Fasteners for Composite Materials A Method for the Surface Preparation of Metals Prior to Adhesive Bonding Repair Design Although this book has been written primarily for use in aircraft repair other applications including marine and automotive are also covered.
Unraveling mechanisms for expert object recognition: Bridging brain activity and behavior. (2002)

Behavioral sensitivity to object transformations and the response to novel objects (Greebles) in the fusiform face area (FFA) was measured several times during expertise training. Sensitivity to 3 transformations increased with expertise: (a) configural changes in which halves of objects were misaligned, (b) configural changes in which some of the object parts were moved, and (c) the substitution of an object part with a part from a different object. The authors found that holistic-configural effects can arise from object representations that are differentiated in terms of features or parts. Moreover, a holistic-inclusive effect was correlated with changes in the right FFA. Face recognition may not be unique in its reliance on holistic processing, measured in terms of both behavior and brain activation.
CHOP-dependent Regulation of p21/waf1 During ER Stress (2010)

The transcription factor CHOP/GADD153 is induced during the unfolded protein response (UPR) and is associated to the induction of ER stress-related apoptosis. However, how the transition between the pro-survival and the pro-apoptotic role of ER stress is being orchestrated remains poorly understood. Here we show that tunicamycin, an antibiotic promoting ER stress, suppresses the expression of p21, a tumor suppressor that induces cell cycle arrest and inhibits apoptosis. This suppression of p21 levels was independent of p53 that is the major transcriptional regulator of p21, but could be reproduced by forced expression of CHOP. Consistently with these findings, siRNA-mediated inhibition of p21 levels restored the sensitivity of CHOP-deficient cells to tunicamycin. Our findings are consistent with a CHOP-dependent role for p21 in the shift from the pro-survival to the pro-apoptotic function of UPR.
Top-down design of a switched-current video filter (2000)

A case study for the design of switched-current filters is presented. While the emphasis is on the step-by-step numerical design of a video filter, the design flow is applicable to any switched-current filter. The chosen design example is a low pass elliptic ladder filter with the following specification: passband 0.5 dB equiripple, stop-band attenuation > 30 dB, –3 dB frequency of 8 MHz, sampling frequency of 80 MHz, signal-to-noise ratio of 60 dB. All aspects of the design are covered from filter specification, through filter synthesis, circuit definition and finally transistor sizing for CMOS implementation.
Abstract 332: The BET bromodomain inhibitor JQ1 synergizes with WEE1 inhibitor AZD1775 by impairing non-homologous end joining and enhancing DNA damages in non-small cell lung cancer (2018)

Abstract Background: The bromodomain and extraterminal domain (BET) inhibitors are broadly active in different cancer types, including non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Although their activity on oncogene expression such as c-Myc has been addressed in many studies, the mechanism of BET inhibition on the cytotoxicity remain unknown. BET proteins have been also reported to interact with some DNA damage repair-related genes. AZD1775, a selective WEE1 G2 checkpoint kinase inhibitor, induces DNA damage and consequent apoptosis by abrogating G2 cell cycle arrest and inducing premature mitotic entry. We hypothesized that repression of BET activity would increase WEE1 inhibitor-induced cytotoxicity by impairing DNA damage repair. Here, we evaluate the efficacy and mechanistic rationale for combining AZD1775 and JQ1 as a potential therapy for NSCLC. Methods: NSCLC cell lines (A549, H1299, H1975) and human embryonic kidney cells line (293T) were used in the present study. Anti-tumor activities of JQ1, AZD1775, or the combination were analyzed using MTT survival assay. Changes in protein expression were analyzed by Western Blot analysis. mRNA expressions were evaluated by quantitative rt-PCR. Cell cycle was analyzed by flow cytometry using PI staining. Activity of non-homologous end joining (NHEJ) was evaluated using NHEJ reporter plasmid. Results: The combination of AZD1775 and JQ1 showed synergistic effects for NSCLC cell lines in vitro with combination indices of 0.1-0.5. The JQ1 monotherapy did not induce gamma-H2AX expression, but JQ1 increased and prolonged AZD1775-induced gamma-H2AX expression. The mRNA analysis showed that JQ1 significantly repressed NHEJ-related genes, such as XRCC4 and LIG4. Moreover, NHEJ reporter assay revealed JQ1 diminished NHEJ activity. Conclusions: Our data demonstrate that the combination of JQ1 and AZD1775 has a synergistic effect against NSCLC cell lines via a mechanism of compromised DNA damage repair by JQ1. This combination therapy can be a novel therapeutic strategy for NSCLC. Citation Format: Yuta Takashima, Eiki Kikuchi, Junko Kikuchi, Tetsuaki Shoji, Megumi Furuta, Hajime Kikuchi, Jun Sakakibara-Konishi, Ichiro Kinoshita, Hirotoshi Dosaka-Akita, Masaharu Nishimura. The BET bromodomain inhibitor JQ1 synergizes with WEE1 inhibitor AZD1775 by impairing non-homologous end joining and enhancing DNA damages in non-small cell lung cancer [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2018; 2018 Apr 14-18; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2018;78(13 Suppl):Abstract nr 332.
Attributes of Subtle Cues for Facilitating Visual Search in Augmented Reality (2013)

Goal-oriented visual search is performed when a person intentionally seeks a target in the visual environment. In augmented reality (AR) environments, visual search can be facilitated by augmenting virtual cues in the person's field of view. Traditional use of explicit AR cues can potentially degrade visual search performance due to the creation of distortions in the scene. An alternative to explicit cueing, known as subtle cueing, has been proposed as a clutter-neutral method to enhance visual search in video-see-through AR. However, the effects of subtle cueing are still not well understood, and more research is required to determine the optimal methods of applying subtle cueing in AR. We performed two experiments to investigate the variables of scene clutter, subtle cue opacity, size, and shape on visual search performance. We introduce a novel method of experimentally manipulating the scene clutter variable in a natural scene while controlling for other variables. The findings provide supporting evidence for the subtlety of the cue, and show that the clutter conditions of the scene can be used both as a global classifier, as well as a local performance measure.
Ex Vivo Evaluation of Insulin Nanoparticles Using Chitosan and Arabic Gum (2011)

Polymeric delivery systems based on nanoparticles have emerged as a promising approach for peroral insulin delivery. The aim of the present study was to investigate the release of insulin nanoparticulate systems and ex vivo studies. The nanoparticles were prepared by the ion gelation method. Particle size distribution, zeta potential, and polydispersity index of the nanoparticles were determined. It was found that the nanoparticles carried positive charges and showed a size distribution in the range of 170-200 nm. The electrostatic interactions between the positively charged group of chitosan and negatively charged groups of Arabic gum play an important role in the association efficiency of insulin in nanoparticles. In vitro insulin release studies showed an initial burst followed by a slow release of insulin. The mucoadhesion of the nanosystem was evaluated using excised rat jejunum. Ex vivo studies have shown a significant increase in absorption of insulin in the presence of chitosan nanoparticles in comparison with free insulin.
Acoustic metacages for sound shielding with steady air flow (2018)

Conventional sound shielding structures typically prevent fluid transport between the exterior and interior. A design of a two-dimensional acoustic metacage with subwavelength thickness which can shield acoustic waves from all directions while allowing steady fluid flow is presented in this paper. The structure is designed based on acoustic gradient-index metasurfaces composed of open channels and shunted Helmholtz resonators. In-plane sound at an arbitrary angle of incidence is reflected due to the strong parallel momentum on the metacage surface, which leads to low sound transmission through the metacage. The performance of the proposed metacage is verified by numerical simulations and measurements on a three-dimensional printed prototype. The acoustic metacage has potential applications in sound insulation where steady fluid flow is necessary or advantageous.
Laser spectral envelope control using a double contact fabry-Perot laser diode for WDM-PON (2006)

We propose a double contact Fabry-Perot laser diode (F-P LD) as a temperature-independent wavelength-division-multiplexing source. By controlling injection currents of the double contact F-P LD, we achieve a fixed lasing envelope regardless of temperature variation. We also demonstrate error-free transmission using the double contact F-P LD as a wavelength-locking source within a 20 /spl deg/C operating temperature range.
Modulating the Near-Infrared Luminescence of Neodymium and Ytterbium Complexes with Tridentate Ligands Based on Benzoxazole-Substituted 8-Hydroxyquinolines (2009)

An improved synthesis of 2-(2'-benzothiazole)- and 2-(2'-benzoxazole)-8-hydroxyquinoline ligands that combine a tridentate N,N,O-chelating unit for metal binding and extended chromophore for light harvesting is developed. The 2-(2'-benzoxazole)-8-hydroxyquinoline ligands form mononuclear nine-coordinate complexes with neodymium, [Nd(kappa(3)-ligand)(3)], and an eight-coordinate complex with ytterbium, [Yb(kappa(3)-ligand)(2) x (kappa(1)-ligand) x H(2)O], as verified by crystallographic characterization of five complexes with four different ligands. The chemical stability of the complexes increases when the ligand contains 5,7-dihalo-8-hydroxyquinoline versus an 8-hydroxyquinoline group. The complexes feature a ligand-centered visible absorption band with a maximum at 508-527 nm and an intensity of (7.5-9.6) x 10(3) M(-1) x cm(-1). Upon excitation with UV and visible light within ligand absorption transitions, the complexes display characteristic lanthanide luminescence in the near-infrared at 850-1450 nm with quantum yields and lifetimes in the solid state at room temperature as high as 0.33% and 1.88 micros, respectively. The lanthanide luminescence in the complexes is enhanced upon halogenation of the 5,7-positions in the 8-hydroxyquinoline group and upon the addition of electron-donating substituents to the benzoxazole ring. Facile modification of chromophore units in 2-(2'-benzoxazole)-8-hydroxyquinoline ligands provides means for controlling the luminescence properties of their lanthanide complexes.
All-Optical Encryption for Links at 10 GBPS and Above (2006)

Fiber and free-space optical transmission systems are the backbone of many critical data networks that require encryption. The traditional method of securing such communications is to electronically encipher the data stream. Electronic encryption technology is a mature and well-known technique; however, electronic encryption methods become very expensive as bit rates exceed 2.5 Gbps due to the limitations of the electronic-optical interfaces and accommodation of the various communication protocols. At any bit rate there is also concern over the general physical vulnerability at every optical-electrical-optical (OEO) conversion point. A need exists for a cost-effective method to adequately protect optical networks operating at any bit rate without introducing delays or altering the native WDM transmission, i.e., a method that is protocol agnostic. This paper describes such a system using an all-optical method of encryption with the recently patented optical tapped delay line (OTDL) channelizer. Using the OTDL technology, a band of information-carrying light is channelized into many narrow spectral subbands, and the phase of each subband is shifted according to a predetermined protocol or "key". The temporal waveform of this signal is therefore "encrypted". The encrypted signal is transmitted across standard optical media links. At the authorized point of destination, the original signal is recovered by inverting the phase shifts, thus returning the original temporal waveform. A transmission using this technique is protected from attack, even if sophisticated means are used. For example, a coherent attack would require coherent detection of a large bandwidth of optical analog data at a high precision digitization rate. Even if coherently intercepted, the properties of the signal are encrypted to the extent that decryption is virtually impossible. To make decryption even less likely, the encrypting phase shifts could be periodically changed.
Region-specific tauopathy and synucleinopathy in brain of the alpha-synuclein overexpressing mouse model of Parkinson's disease (2011)

Our combined data suggest that in this animal model of PD, tauopathy, along with microtubule destabilization, exists primarily in the brain stem and striatum, which are also the two major brain regions known to express high levels of α-Syn and undergo the highest levels of degeneration in human PD. Thus, tauopathy in PD may have a very restricted pattern of distribution.
Correction: Serial Plasma Choline Measurements after Cardiac Arrest in Patients Undergoing Mild Therapeutic Hypothermia: A Prospective Observational Pilot Trial (2013)

Objective: Choline is related to phospholipid metabolism and is a marker for global ischaemia with a small reference range in healthy volunteers. The aim of our study was to characterize the early kinetics of plasma free choline in patients after cardiac arrest. Additionally, we investigated the potential of plasma free choline to predict neurological outcome.
Beyond carbon fiber: What will be the fibers of choice for future composites? (2016)

Glass fiber used to be the fiber of choice for reinforcing plastics. Just think of boats or of innovative cars in the 1950s like the Lotus Elite and Chevrolet Corvette. These days, carbon fibers are more and more used, especially in the aircraft and automotive industry. It makes you wonder which new fibers might be popular in composites in the future. Reinforced Plastics investigates a few possibilities.
Synthesis and structural characterization of 14-vertex germa-, stanna-, and plumba-carboranes (2013)

This article reports the synthesis and structures of several 14-vertex germa-, stanna-, and plumba-carboranes of the MC2B11 system. The reaction of GeCl2·dioxane, SnCl2 or Pb(OAc)2 with [8,9-(CH2)3-8,9-C2B11H11][Na2] in THF gave, after recrystallization from bidentate ligands such as bipyridine, 4,4'-dimethyl-2,2'-bipyridine, phenantroline and 1,2-bis(diphenylphosphino)ethane (dppe), eight 14-vertex p-block metallacarboranes 2,3-(CH2)3-1-(2',2''-bipyridine)-1,2,3-GeC2B11H11 (1), 2,3-(CH2)3-1-(4',4''-dimethyl-bipyridine)-1,2,3-GeC2B11H11 (2), 2,3-(CH2)3-1-(1',10'-phenantroline)-1,2,3-GeC2B11H11 (3), 2,3-(CH2)3-1-(2',2''-bipyridine)-1,2,3-SnC2B11H11 (4), 2,3-(CH2)3-1-(4',4''-dimethyl-bipyridine)-1,2,3-SnC2B11H11 (5), 2,3-(CH2)3-1-(1',10'-phenantroline)-1,2,3-SnC2B11H11 (6), 2,3-(CH2)3-1-(dppe)-1,2,3-SnC2B11H11 (7) and 2,3-(CH2)3-1-(2',2''-bipyridine)-1,2,3-PbC2B11H11 (8) in high isolated yields. Single-crystal X-ray analyses reveal that they adopt a distorted-bicapped-hexagonal antiprism geometry, in which the p-block metal atom slips away from the above center of the C2B4 bonding face towards the boron side, leading to an η(4) bonding mode. The results suggest that [nido-8,9-(CH2)3-8,9-C2B11H11](2-) is a redox inactive species and a good π-ligand for transition metals and p-block elements.
Partial purification and characterization of an endo-<i>α</i>-<i>N</i>-acetylgalactosaminidase from the culture medium of <i>Streptomyces</i> sp. OH-11242 (1992)

For the purification of a new type of endo-alpha-N-acetylgalactosaminidase from the culture medium of Streptomyces sp. OH-11242 (endo-GalNAc-ase-S) [Iwase, Ishii, Ishihara, Tanaka, Omura & Hotta (1988) Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 151, 422-428], a method for assaying enzyme activity was established. Using purified pig gastric mucus glycoprotein (PGM) as the substrate, oligosaccharides liberated from PGM were pyridylaminated, and the reducing terminal sugars of oligosaccharides larger than Gal beta 1-3GalNAc were analysed by h.p.1.c. The crude enzyme of endo-GalNAc-ase-S was prepared as an 80% (w/v) ammonium sulphate precipitate from the concentrated culture medium. The enzyme was partially purified by gel chromatofocusing and subsequent DEAE-Toyopearl chromatography. Endo-enzyme activity eluted around pI 4.8 on a gel chromatofocusing column and eluted with 0.19-0.25 M-NaCl on a DEAE-Toyopearl column. In the enzyme fraction obtained, no exo-glycosidases or proteases could be detected. The molecular mass of the enzyme was estimated as 105 kDa by gel filtration, and the optimum pH was 5.5. Endo-GalNAc-ase-S hydrolysed the O-glycosidic linkage between GalNAc and Ser (Thr) in 3H-labelled and unlabelled asialofetuin, liberating both the disaccharide (Gal beta 1-3GalNAc) and the tetrasaccharide [Gal beta 1-3 (Gal beta 1-4GlcNAc beta 1-6)GalNAc]. When endo-alpha-N-acetylgalactosaminidase from Alcaligenes sp. (endo-GalNac-ase-A) was incubated with 3H-labelled and unlabelled asialofetuin, only the disaccharide (Gal beta 1-3GalNAc) was liberated.
On economic heavy hitters (2010)

Cost control for the Internet access providers (AP) influences not only the nominal speeds offered to the customers, but also other, more controversial, policies related to traffic shaping and discrimination. Given that the cost for the AP is determined by the peak-hour traffic (e.g. through the 95th-percentile), the individual user contribution towards the aggregate cost is not a linear function of its byte usage. In this paper we propose a metric for evaluating the contribution each individual user has on the peak demand, that is based on Shapley value, a well known game-theoretic concept. Given the computational complexity of calculating the Shapley value, we use a Monte Carlo method for approximating it with reasonable accuracy. We employ our methodology to study a dataset that logs per-subscriber temporal usage patterns over one month period for 10K broadband subscribers of a European AP and report observed results.
Pleiotrophin, an angiogenic and mitogenic growth factor, is expressed in human gliomas (2002)

Pleiotrophin (PTN) is a mitogenic/angiogenic, 15.3 kDa heparin-binding peptide that is found in embryonic or early postnatal, but rarely in adult, tissues. Since developmentally regulated factors often re-appear in malignant cells, we examined PTN expression in human glioma cell lines, cell cultures derived from solid gliomas and glioma sections. PTN mRNA or protein was detected by reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction, immunohistochemistry, western blot or enzyme-linked immunoassay in all WHO III and IV grade gliomas and cells analyzed in vitro or in situ. One WHO II grade glioma investigated was PTN negative. In vitro, PTN was synthesized in perinuclear regions of glioma cells, secreted into the cultivation medium, but its production varied considerably between glioma cells cultivated from different solid gliomas or glioma cell lines. In situ, PTN expression was restricted to distinct parts/cells of the tumour. PTN did not influence the proliferation of glioma cells themselves, but stimulated [3H]thymidine incorporation into DNA of microglial cells. Furthermore, in Boyden chamber assays, PTN showed a strong chemotactic effect on murine BV-2 microglial cells. PTN is supposed to be a paracrine growth/angiogenic factor that is produced by gliomas and contributes to their malignancy by targeting endothelial and microglial cells.