gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
On Security of TrustZone-M-Based IoT Systems (2022)

Internet of Things (IoT) devices have been increasingly integrated into our daily life. However, such smart devices suffer a broad attack surface. Particularly, attacks targeting the device software at runtime are challenging to defend against if IoT devices use resource-constrained microcontrollers (MCUs). TrustZone-M, a TrustZone extension designed specifically for MCUs, is an emerging hardware security technique fortifying software security of MCU-based IoT devices. This article introduces a comprehensive security framework for IoT devices using TrustZone-M-enabled MCUs, in which device security is protected in five dimensions, i.e., hardware, boot-time software, runtime software, network, and over-the-air (OTA) update. Along developing the framework, we also present the first security analysis of potential runtime software security issues in TrustZone-M-enabled MCUs. In particular, we explore the feasibility of launching stack-based buffer overflow (BOF) attack for code injection, return-oriented programming (ROP) attack, heap-based BOF attack, format string attack, and attacks against nonsecure callable (NSC) functions in the context of TrustZone-M. We validate these attacks using SAM L11, a microchip MCU with TrustZone-M and provide defense mechanisms in the runtime software dimension of the proposed framework. The security framework is implemented with a full-fledged secure and trustworthy air quality monitoring device using SAM L11 as its MCU.
Bayesian models for DNA sequencing (2002)

It is becoming increasingly important to develop novel signal processing and statistical analysis techniques to extract information from biotechnology. This task is complicated by large datasets, intricate physical systems, and the sheer diversity of information that is available. In many systems, classical non-parametric signal processing techniques have been applied with some success. However, where sufficient information is available to construct accurate models, substantial gains can sometimes be derived from a model-based approach. The Bayesian paradigm provides an elegant and mathematically rigorous framework for the objective incorporation of information. In this paper, we develop a Bayesian model for DNA sequencing, with an emphasis on generally relevant Bayesian model selection issues.
Checking concise specifications for multithreaded programs (2003)

Ensuring the reliability of multithreaded software systems is difficult due to the potential for subtle interactions between threads. Unfortunately, checking tools for such systems do not scale to programs with a large number of threads and procedures. To improve this shortcoming, we present a verification technique that uses concise specifications to analyze large multithreaded programs modularly. We achieve thread-modular analysis by annotating each shared variable by an \emph{access predicate} that summarizes the condition under which a thread may access that variable. We achieve procedure-modular analysis by annotating each procedure by its specification, which is related to its implementation by an abstraction relation that combines the notions of simulation and reduction. We have implemented our analysis in Calvin-R, a static checker for multithreaded Java programs. To validate our methodology, we have used Calvin-R to check a number of important properties for a file system. Our experience shows that requirements for complex multithreaded systems can be stated concisely and verified in our framework.
Donor- and Acceptor-Substituted Organic and Organometallic Compounds (1991)

A systematic study has been undertaken to characterize the relationship between intrinsic molecular hyperpolarizabilities and structure-composition of donor- and acceptor-substituted organic and organometallic compounds. Donor- acceptor substituted benzenes, stilbenes and biphenyls have been examined by the electric field induced second harmonic generation (EFISH) technique to study donor-acceptor strength, transparency-nonlinearity trade-off and conjugation length. Suitable modification can lead to materials with relatively high short wavelength transparency yet high β. Several organometallic moieties serving as acceptors and donors have been evaluated. Molecular crystals of stilbenes have been shown to be unusually active in second harmonic generation. The linear and nonlinear optical properties of 3-methyl-4-methoxy-4′-nitrostilbene (MMONS) single crystals will be presented.
Hyperspectral and Thermal Imaging of Oilseed Rape (Brassica napus) Response to Fungal Species of the Genus Alternaria (2015)

In this paper, thermal (8-13 µm) and hyperspectral imaging in visible and near infrared (VNIR) and short wavelength infrared (SWIR) ranges were used to elaborate a method of early detection of biotic stresses caused by fungal species belonging to the genus Alternaria that were host (Alternaria alternata, Alternaria brassicae, and Alternaria brassicicola) and non-host (Alternaria dauci) pathogens to oilseed rape (Brassica napus L.). The measurements of disease severity for chosen dates after inoculation were compared to temperature distributions on infected leaves and to averaged reflectance characteristics. Statistical analysis revealed that leaf temperature distributions on particular days after inoculation and respective spectral characteristics, especially in the SWIR range (1000-2500 nm), significantly differed for the leaves inoculated with A. dauci from the other species of Alternaria as well as from leaves of non-treated plants. The significant differences in leaf temperature of the studied Alternaria species were observed in various stages of infection development. The classification experiments were performed on the hyperspectral data of the leaf surfaces to distinguish days after inoculation and Alternaria species. The second-derivative transformation of the spectral data together with back-propagation neural networks (BNNs) appeared to be the best combination for classification of days after inoculation (prediction accuracy 90.5%) and Alternaria species (prediction accuracy 80.5%).
The Marconi B3410 Line Array Telecine (1982)

This paper details the design philosophy and some of the systems used in the B3410 line array telecine. It lists the design aims, and gives details on the picture-sensing system, the film-transport system, the optical system, the video systems, and the servo systems. The servo systems include a capstan servo, spooling servos, and a light control servo. The paper also describes the combination of charge-coupled devices (line-arrays) with microprocessor-controlled digital signal processing.
Self-Supervised Learning of Geometrically Stable Features Through Probabilistic Introspection (2018)

Self-supervision can dramatically cut back the amount of manually-labelled data required to train deep neural networks. While self-supervision has usually been considered for tasks such as image classification, in this paper we aim at extending it to geometry-oriented tasks such as semantic matching and part detection. We do so by building on several recent ideas in unsupervised landmark detection. Our approach learns dense distinctive visual descriptors from an unlabeled dataset of images using synthetic image transformations. It does so by means of a robust probabilistic formulation that can introspectively determine which image regions are likely to result in stable image matching. We show empirically that a network pre-trained in this manner requires significantly less supervision to learn semantic object parts compared to numerous pre-training alternatives. We also show that the pre-trained representation is excellent for semantic object matching.
Memory monitoring in a multi-tenant OSGi execution environment (2014)

Smart Home market players aim to deploy component-based and service-oriented applications from untrusted third party providers on a single OSGi execution environment. This creates the risk of resource abuse by buggy and malicious applications, which raises the need for resource monitoring mechanisms. Existing resource monitoring solutions either are too intrusive or fail to identify the relevant resource consumer in numerous multi-tenant situations. This paper proposes a system to monitor the memory consumed by each tenant, while allowing them to continue communicating directly to render services. We propose a solution based on a list of configurable resource accounting rules between tenants, which is far less intrusive than existing OSGi monitoring systems. We modified an experimental Java Virtual Machine in order to provide the memory monitoring features for the multi-tenant OSGi environment. Our evaluation of the memory monitoring mechanism on the DaCapo benchmarks shows an overhead below 46%.
Reovirus Nonstructural Protein μNS Binds to Core Particles but Does Not Inhibit Their Transcription and Capping Activities (2000)

Previous studies provided evidence that nonstructural protein muNS of mammalian reoviruses is present in particle assembly intermediates isolated from infected cells. Morgan and Zweerink (Virology 68:455-466, 1975) showed that a subset of these intermediates, which can synthesize the viral plus strand RNA transcripts in vitro, comprise core-like particles plus large amounts of muNS. Given the possible role of muNS in particle assembly and/or transcription implied by those findings, we tested whether recombinant muNS can bind to cores in vitro. The muNS protein bound to cores, but not to two particle forms, virions and intermediate subvirion particles, that contain additional outer-capsid proteins. Incubating cores with increasing amounts of muNS resulted in particle complexes of progressively decreasing buoyant density, approaching the density of protein alone when very large amounts of muNS were bound. Thus, the muNS-core interaction did not exhibit saturation or a defined stoichiometry. Negative-stain electron microscopy of the muNS-bound cores revealed that the cores were intact and linked together in large complexes by an amorphous density, which we ascribe to muNS. The muNS-core complexes retained the capacity to synthesize the viral plus strand transcripts as well as the capacity to add methylated caps to the 5' ends of the transcripts. In vitro competition assays showed that mixing muNS with cores greatly reduced the formation of recoated cores by stoichiometric binding of outer-capsid proteins mu1 and sigma3. These findings are consistent with the presence of muNS in transcriptase particles as described previously and suggest that, by binding to cores in the infected cell, muNS may block or delay outer-capsid assembly and allow continued transcription by these particles.
Anion Channels/Transporters in Plants: From Molecular Bases to Regulatory Networks (2011)

Anion channels/transporters are key to a wide spectrum of physiological functions in plants, such as osmoregulation, cell signaling, plant nutrition and compartmentalization of metabolites, and metal tolerance. The recent identification of gene families encoding some of these transport systems opened the way for gene expression studies, structure-function analyses of the corresponding proteins, and functional genomics approaches toward further understanding of their integrated roles in planta. This review, based on a few selected examples, illustrates that the members of a given gene family exhibit a diversity of substrate specificity, regulation, and intracellular localization, and are involved in a wide range of physiological functions. It also shows that post-translational modifications of transport proteins play a key role in the regulation of anion transport activity. Key questions arising from the increasing complexity of networks controlling anion transport in plant cells (the existence of redundancy, cross talk, and coordination between various pathways and compartments) are also addressed.
How Do Mobile Phones Fail? A Failure Data Analysis of Symbian OS Smart Phones (2007)

While the new generation of hand-held devices, e.g., smart phones, support a rich set of applications, growing complexity of the hardware and runtime environment makes the devices susceptible to accidental errors and malicious attacks. Despite these concerns, very few studies have looked into the dependability of mobile phones. This paper presents measurement-based failure characterization of mobile phones. The analysis starts with a high level failure characterization of mobile phones based on data from publicly available web forums, where users post information on their experiences in using hand-held devices. This initial analysis is then used to guide the development of a failure data logger for collecting failure-related information on SymbianOS-based smart phones. Failure data is collected from 25 phones (in Italy and USA) over the period of 14 months. Key findings indicate that: (i) the majority of kernel exceptions are due to memory access violation errors (56%) and heap management problems (18%), and (ii) on average users experience a failure (freeze or self shutdown) every 11 days. While the study provide valuable insight into the failure sensitivity of smart-phones, more data and further analysis are needed before generalizing the results.
Broadband GaN HEMT push-pull microwave power amplifier (2001)

We report a broadband, linear, push-pull amplifier that utilizes GaN-based HEMTs grown on SiC substrates. The high power density capabilities of these devices can be enhanced by the high efficiency achievable with push-pull operation. Good amplifier performance is facilitated by use of a new low-loss balun that is implemented with three symmetric coupled lines and which showed insertion loss of less than 0.5 dB per balun. The bias was injected through the baluns, thereby simplifying the amplifier design and reducing loss associated with dc decoupling capacitors. Using two 1.5 mm HEMTs with 0.35-μm gate length, a push-pull amplifier produced a small-signal gain of 8 dB at 5 GH2, a 3 dB bandwidth of 3.5-10.5 GHz, and a PAE of 25%.
Artificial potential functions for highway driving with collision avoidance (2008)

We present a set of potential function components to assist an automated or semi-automated vehicle in navigating a multi-lane, populated highway. The resulting potential field is constructed as a superposition of disparate functions for lane- keeping, road-staying, speed preference, and vehicle avoidance and passing. The construction of the vehicle avoidance potential is of primary importance, incorporating the structure and protocol of laned highway driving. Particularly, the shape and dimensions of the potential field behind each obstacle vehicle can appropriately encourage control vehicle slowing and/or passing, depending on the cars' velocities and surrounding traffic. Hard barriers on roadway edges and soft boundaries between navigable lanes keep the vehicle on the highway, with a preference to travel in a lane center.
Characterization of<i>Megatrypanum</i>trypanosomes from European Cervidae (1993)

Megatrypanum trypanosomes have been isolated from a number of different European Cervidae, but on the basis of morphology it has not been possible to define the species to which these isolates belong. We isolated Trypanosoma (Megatrypanum) theileri from 10 cattle, and Megatrypanum trypanosomes from 11 fallow deer (Cervus dama), 9 red deer (Cervus elaphus), and 4 roe deer (Capreolus capreolus) by blood culture on a biphasic medium (NNN agar slopes). Trypanosomes were propagated in Schneider's Drosophila medium and characterized by isoenzyme analysis and molecular karyotyping. Isocitrate dehydrogenase and phosphoglucomutase were visualized after starch gel electrophoresis of trypanosome lysates. By cluster analysis of this data all isolates from deer were clearly separated from the T.(M.) theileri isolates from cattle. Isolates from roe deer were different not only from T. (M.) theileri but also from the other deer isolates. Isolates from fallow deer and red deer were grouped together. Thus, there are probably at least two different species of Megatrypanum trypanosomes in the three Cervidae. One parasitizing roe deer, the other, apparently less host specific species, infecting red deer and fallow deer. Separation of the chromosomes of Megatrypanum trypanosomes by pulsed-field gradient gel electrophoresis (PFGE) showed that each isolate contained a large number (> 18) of chromosomes ranging in size from 300 to > 2200 kb. The molecular karyotypes were similar for all isolates, although no isolate was identical to another.
Molecular cloning and characterization of a novel phospholipase C, PLC-η (2005)

PLC (phospholipase C) plays an important role in intracellular signal transduction by hydrolysing phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate, a membrane phospholipid. To date, 12 members of the mammalian PLC isoforms have been identified and classified into five isotypes beta, gamma, delta, epsilon and zeta, which are regulated by distinct mechanisms. In the present study, we describe the identification of a novel PLC isoform in the brains of human and mouse, named PLC-eta, which contains the conserved pleckstrin homology domain, X and Y domains for catalytic activity and the C2 domain. The first identified gene encoded 1002 (human) or 1003 (mouse) amino acids with an estimated molecular mass of 115 kDa. The purified recombinant PLC-eta exhibited Ca2+-dependent catalytic activity on phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate. Furthermore, molecular biological analysis revealed that the PLC-eta gene was transcribed to several splicing variants. Although some transcripts were detected in most of the tissues we examined, the transcript encoding 115 kDa was restricted to the brain and lung. In addition, the expression of the 115 kDa protein was defined in only nerve tissues such as the brain and spinal cord. In situ hybridization analysis with brain revealed that PLC-eta was abundantly expressed in various regions including cerebral cortex, hippocampus, zona incerta and cerebellar Purkinje cell layer, which are neuronal cell-enriched regions. These results suggest that PLC-eta may perform fundamental roles in the brain.
Parallel evolution in the hominoid trunk and forelimb (1998)

The evolutionary history of the living hominoids has remained elusive despite years of exploration and the discovery of numerous Miocene fossil ape species. Part of the difficulty can be attributed to the changing nature of our views about the course of hominoid evolution. In the 1950s and 1960s, individual Miocene taxa were commonly viewed as the direct ancestors of specific living ape species, suggesting an early divergence of the modern lineages.1–5 However, in most cases, the Miocene forms were essentially “dental apes,” resembling extant species in dental and a few cranial features, but possessing more primitive postcranial features that suggested arboreal quadrupedalism rather than suspensory habits. With the introduction of molecular methods of phylogenetic reconstruction and the increasing use of cladistic analysis, it has become apparent that the radiation leading to the modern hominoids was somewhat more recent than had been believed, and that most of the Miocene hominoid species had little to do with the evolutionary history of the living apes. © 1998 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Miniemulsion Polymerization Using Oil-Soluble Initiators (1994)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTMiniemulsion Polymerization Using Oil-Soluble InitiatorsJuan A. Alduncin, Jacqueline Forcada, and Jose M. AsuaCite this: Macromolecules 1994, 27, 8, 2256–2261Publication Date (Print):April 1, 1994Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 April 1994https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ma00086a041https://doi.org/10.1021/ma00086a041research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views773Altmetric-Citations97LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Alkylresorcinols in Cereals and Cereal Products (2003)

The alkylresorcinol (AR) content of 8 commonly consumed cereals, 125 Triticum cultivars, milling fractions of wheat and rye, bread, and other cereal products was analyzed. ARs were found in wheat (489-1429 microgram/g), rye (720-761 microgram/g), triticale (439-647 microgram/g), and barley (42-51 microgram/g), but not in rice, oats, maize, sorghum, or millet. One durum wheat variety was found to have an exceptionally low level of ARs (54 microgram/g) compared to other durum wheat varieties (589-751 microgram/g) and Triticumspecies analyzed. The AR content of milling fractions closely followed the ash content and could be used as a marker of the presence of bran in flour. Using hot 1-propanol extraction, all ARs could be extracted from bread, contrary to previous studies which suggested that ARs were destroyed during baking. Cereal products varied greatly in AR content, with those containing wheat bran or whole rye having the highest content.
Reduced Enzyme Activity and Starch Level in an Induced Mutant of Chloroplast Phosphoglucose Isomerase (1986)

Ethyl methane sulfonate treatment was used to induce a mutation in the nuclear gene encoding the chloroplast isozyme of phosphoglucose isomerase in Clarkia xantiana. The mutation, which proved allelic to wild type activity, was backcrossed to wild type for five generations so that the two could be compared in a near isogenic background. An immunological analysis showed that the mutant, when homozygous, reduced the activity of the isozyme by about 50%. In contrast to wild type, the mutant showed little change in leaf starch level over a diurnal period or following a 72-hour continuous light treatment. By the end of the diurnal light period, the mutant accumulated only about 60% as much starch as wild type. However, mutant leaves had an increased sucrose level presumably because photosynthate was directly exported from the chloroplasts. The mutant also exhibited reduced leaf weight. These changes in metabolism and growth suggest that the wild type level of plastid phosphoglucose isomerase activity is necessary to achieve wild type carbohydrate status.