gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Enhanced Root Fluoride Uptake by Monocalcium Phosphate Monohydrate Gels (1990)

Application of monocalcium phosphate monohydrate (MCPM) gel, which produces small amounts of dicalcium phosphate dihydrate in enamel, was previously shown to increase the enamel reactivity with fluoride (F). This study was conducted to determine whether the MCPM gel treatment is also effective in enhancing F uptake by root surfaces of human teeth. The results show that samples receiving daily treatments with MCPM gel for 10 min followed by immersion in a 1-ppm F solution for 5 days acquired a significantly greater amount of F compared to the controls which had the same exposure to the F solution. Because the F solution was undersaturated with respect to calcium fluoride (CaF2), the F incorporated into the root is apparently apatitic and not CaF2. This experimental treatment should be feasible in the clinical situation since only a short treatment time was required and delivery of the MCPM gel to specific sites was relatively easy.
Local Disparity Estimation With Three-Moded Cross Census and Advanced Support Weight (2013)

The classical local disparity methods use simple and efficient structure to reduce the computation complexity. To increase the accuracy of the disparity map, new local methods utilize additional processing steps such as iteration, segmentation, calibration and propagation, similar to global methods. In this paper, we present an efficient one-pass local method with no iteration. The proposed method is also extended to video disparity estimation by using motion information as well as imposing spatial temporal consistency. In local method, the accuracy of stereo matching depends on precise similarity measure and proper support window. For the accuracy of similarity measure, we propose a novel three-moded cross census transform with a noise buffer, which increases the robustness to image noise in flat areas. The proposed similarity measure can be used in the same form in both stereo images and videos. We further improve the reliability of the aggregation by adopting the advanced support weight and incorporating motion flow to achieve better depth map near moving edges in video scene. The experimental results show that the proposed method is the best performing local method on the Middlebury stereo benchmark test and outperforms the other state-of-the-art methods on video disparity evaluation.
Influence of Force and Torque Feedback on Operator Performance in a VR-Based Suturing Task (2010)

The introduction of Minimally Invasive Surgery (MIS) has revolutionised surgical care, considerably improving the quality of many surgical procedures. Technological advances, particularly in robotic surgery systems, have reduced the complexity of such an approach, paving the way for even less invasive surgical trends. However, the fact that haptic feedback has been progressively lost through this transition is an issue that to date has not been solved. Whereas traditional open surgery provides full haptic feedback, the introduction of MIS has eliminated the possibility of direct palpation and tactile exploration. Nevertheless, these procedures still provide a certain amount of force feedback through the rigid laparoscopic tool. Many of the current telemanipulated robotic surgical systems in return do not provide full haptic feedback, which to a certain extent can be explained by the requirement of force sensors integrated into the tools of the slave robot and actuators in the surgeon’s master console. In view of the increased complexity and cost, the benefit of haptic feedback is open to dispute. Nevertheless, studies have shown the importance of haptic feedback, especially when visual feedback is unreliable or absent. In order to explore the importance of haptic feedback for the surgeon’s master console of a novel teleoperated robotic surgical system, we have identified a typical surgical task where performance could potentially be improved by haptic feedback, and investigate performance with and without this feedback. Two rounds of experiments are performed with 10 subjects, six of them with a medical background. Results show that feedback conditions, including force feedback, significantly improve task performance independently of the operator’s suturing experience. There is, however, no further significant improvement when torque feedback is added. Consequently, it is deduced that force feedback in translations improves subject’s dexterity, while torque feedback might not further benefit such a task.
Formation of self-assembled gold nanoparticle supercrystals with facet-dependent surface plasmonic coupling (2018)

Metallic nanoparticles, such as gold and silver nanoparticles, can self-assemble into highly ordered arrays known as supercrystals for potential applications in areas such as optics, electronics, and sensor platforms. Here we report the formation of self-assembled 3D faceted gold nanoparticle supercrystals with controlled nanoparticle packing and unique facet-dependent optical property by using a binary solvent diffusion method. The nanoparticle packing structures from specific facets of the supercrystals are characterized by small/wide-angle X-ray scattering for detailed reconstruction of nanoparticle translation and shape orientation from mesometric to atomic levels within the supercrystals. We discover that the binary diffusion results in hexagonal close packed supercrystals whose size and quality are determined by initial nanoparticle concentration and diffusion speed. The supercrystal solids display unique facet-dependent surface plasmonic and surface-enhanced Raman characteristics. The ease of the growth of large supercrystal solids facilitates essential correlation between structure and property of nanoparticle solids for practical integrations.
High resolution fiber laser sensor for hydrostatic pressure (2003)

Polarimetric fiber laser sensors are attractive due to their frequency encoded output, which does not require any referencing, and their potential for high resolution. Both Fabry-Perot and distributed feedback fiber (DFB) laser sensors have been investigated for the measurement of strain, uniaxial pressure and magnetic fields (H.K. Kim et al, 1993; G.A. Ball et al, 1993; H.K. Kim et al, 1995; J.T. Kringlebton et al, 1996; S.-Y. Huang et al, 1990). In this paper, a Fabry-Perot type fiber laser sensor for fluid pressure is reported. The pressure acts directly on an elliptical core sensing fiber (S.-Y. Huang et al, 1990; W.J. Bock and W. Urbanczyk, 1996) doped with erbium. As a result, no mechanical transducer is required, which makes possible a sensor with very small diameter. Fiber Bragg gratings (FBG) are used as reflectors for the laser. Configurations with the gratings written into circular core fibers, as well as into the doped elliptical core fibers, are analyzed. It is shown that the dispersion of the highly birefringent gratings can be employed to significantly improve the sensor resolution into the range of a few 10/sup -6/ of the full scale signal. Possible applications of the sensor include pressure monitoring in oil wells and other hostile environments.
<title>Grating-based optical-fiber-based corrosion sensors</title> (1996)

Optical fiber grating-based sensors are proposed and demonstrated for the detection of corrosion. Two techniques are employed to indirectly monitor corrosion: (1) measuring the corrosion-induced decrease in the residual strain of a metal-coated optical fiber short period grating sensor and (2) monitoring corrosion-induced changes in the dimension of a metal- coated, long-period grating sensor.
Synthesis gas generation. [9 claims] (1976)

Production of a gas suitable for use as a fuel or for conversion into a fuel and simultaneous production of a gas saturated with steam suitable for use as feed to a shift conversion zone is described. 9 claims, 1 figure.
Dual Wide-Band Checkerboard Surfaces for Radar Cross Section Reduction (2016)

Radar cross section (RCS) of ground planes can be reduced along the principal planes by utilizing electromagnetic bandgap (EBG) structures. Checkerboard surfaces, combining two different EBG structures each on a quadrant of the same ground plane, can realize a wide frequency bandwidth for the 10-dB RCS reduction, because the scattered fields from checkerboard surfaces are redirected toward four quadrants. This communication proposes dual-frequency band checkerboard surfaces with 10-dB RCS reduction bandwidths of 61% and 24% by utilizing two dual-band EBG structures, while the surfaces maintain scattering in four quadrants. Bistatic and monostatic RCS of dualband checkerboard surfaces are simulated and the results are compared to the RCS of the corresponding perfect electric conductor (PEC) surface. Comparison of the monostatic RCS between the measurements and simulations, as a function of frequency, is considered for both TE <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">z</sup> and TM <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">z</sup> polarizations. A very good agreement is obtained between measurements and simulations.
Ribosomal protein autoantibodies in systemic lupus erythematosus (1987)

Abstract Autoantibodies to three eukaryotic 60S ribosomal phosphoproteins P0, P1 and P2 have been found in the sera of 10–20% of patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). These three proteins share a common epitope contained within the carboxy terminal 22 amino acids of each protein. Because central nervous system disturbances, with major behavioural disorders, occur in a significant fraction of SLE patients, the antiribosomal autoantibodies were measured in this subset of SLE individuals to determine whether or not there was an association. This antibody is present in 90% of SLE patients who were diagnosed as having psychosis, secondary to the disease.
A Doubly Error Resilient Coder of Image Sequences. (2016)

Many scenarios require single frame random access and error resilience in coding, transmission, and decoding of image sequences. We propose in this paper a SPIHT coder that encodes a sequence of images one frame at a time and uses two methods together to achieve strong error resilience. The first method groups wavelet coefficients into a number of tree blocks and the second one encodes these tree blocks independently using SPIHT with progressive significance maps. Because a substantial part of a progressive significance map contains a fixed-length code stream called the complementary significance map (comp-sigmap), transmission bit errors do not propagate within the compsig-map. Furthermore, since the block trees are encoded independently, no error in a given bitstream propagates to another bitstream. Simulations show that the two methods together show stronger error resilience than either one separately. Furthermore, because the groups are formed by interleaved spatial orientation trees, faulty reconstruction from bit errors affecting a given treeblock can be concealed by estimating the true wavelet coefficients from neighboring coefficients in adjacent error-free spatial orien-
Abstract LB-301: Inhibition of the co-inhibitory receptor KLRG1 reduces murine 4T1 breast cancer metastasis and MC38 colon cancer primary tumor growth and mortality (2018)

Abstract Introduction Targeting of lymphocyte co-inhibitory receptors, such as CTLA-4, PD-1, Lag-3, and Tim-3, has gained intense interest for treatment of cancer. KLRG1 is also a lymphocyte co-inhibitory receptor, expressed predominantly on effector memory CD8+ T cells and NK cells, whose ligands E- and N-cadherin are differentially expressed during epithelial-mesenchymal transition. Targeting of KLRG1 in murine cancer models has not previously been published. Methods We constructed an anti-mouse KLRG1 antibody that neutralized the interaction of KLRG1 with its ligands. Anti-KLRG1 antibody was administered as a monotherapy in a murine metastatic tumor model (4T1 murine breast cancer) and as combination therapy with anti-PD-1 (clone RMP1-14) in a murine primary tumor growth model (MC38 murine colon cancer). Results In the 4T1 murine breast cancer model, anti-KLRG1 antibody reduced lung metastases compared to control antibody as measured by mean lung weights (0.28 g vs. 0.47 g; p=0.04) and nodule count (10.7 vs. 30.1; p=0.002). In the MC38 model, primary tumor growth was inhibited by anti-KLRG1 + anti-PD-1 antibody greater than anti-KLRG1 antibody or anti-PD-1 antibody or control antibody (day 13 tumor volume 582 vs. 1259 vs. 1279 vs. 1461 mm3, respectively). Combination therapy anti-KLRG1 + anti-PD-1 produced synergistic benefit significantly greater than that of anti-PD-1 alone for tumor volume (p=0.01) and survival (p=0.02; day 18 survival 60% of mice alive treated with combination therapy compared to 0% alive treated with anti-PD-1 alone). Ex vivo KLRG1 blockade with anti-human KLRG1 antibodies resulted in human CD8+ T cell proliferation and proinflammatory cytokine secretion. Conclusions Anti-KLRG1 neutralizing antibody demonstrates efficacy in inhibiting metastases in the murine 4T1 breast cancer model and reducing primary tumor volume and improving survival as synergistic combination therapy with anti-PD-1 in the murine MC38 colon cancer model. Anti-KLRG1 blockade with anti-human KLRG1 antibodies results in activation of CD8+ T cells. These data suggest that anti-KLRG1 treatment is a promising new approach for cancer immunotherapy. Citation Format: Steven A. Greenberg, Stefano V. Gulla, Evan Thompson. Inhibition of the co-inhibitory receptor KLRG1 reduces murine 4T1 breast cancer metastasis and MC38 colon cancer primary tumor growth and mortality [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2018; 2018 Apr 14-18; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2018;78(13 Suppl):Abstract nr LB-301.
An Algorithm for Road Closure Detection from Vehicle Probe Data (2019)

We developed an algorithm for automatically detecting road closures by monitoring vehicle probe data. The algorithm applies to a large class of roads and in the implementation presented was optimized for lower-volume roads. It is suitable for batch as well as real-time applications, the latter class being the most valuable to guarantee a continuously up-to-date traffic product. The algorithm compares the likelihood that every road segment meeting certain requirements is closed or open, and it triggers an alert whenever the likelihood of the observed probe activity is too small given a historical model. We implemented the algorithm and tested it on 12 metro areas in Western Europe. After optimizing parameters for performance on lower-volume roads, we obtained a precision of 92% on those roads and of 80% overall.
Value of the First Post-Transplant Biopsy for Predicting Long-Term Cardiac Allograft Vasculopathy (CAV) and Graft Failure in Heart Transplant Patients (2012)

Patients with absence of fibrin in the first biopsy and persistence of normal tPA in subsequent biopsies rarely develop CAV or graft failure during the next 10 years and potentially could be monitored less invasively. Presence of early risk markers in the transplanted heart may be secondary to ischemia/reperfusion injury, a potentially modifiable factor.
Coding for network-coded slotted ALOHA (2015)

Slotted ALOHA can benefit from physical-layer network coding (PNC) by decoding one or multiple linear combinations of the packets simultaneously transmitted in a timeslot, forming a system of linear equations. Different systems of linear equations are recovered in different timeslots. A message decoder then recovers the original packets of all the users by jointly solving multiple systems of linear equations obtained over different timeslots. We propose the batched BP decoding algorithm that combines belief propagation (BP) and local Gaussian elimination. Compared with pure Gaussian elimination decoding, our algorithm reduces the decoding complexity from cubic to linear function of the number of users. Compared with the ordinary BP decoding algorithm for low-density generator-matrix codes, our algorithm has better performance and the same order of computational complexity. We analyze the performance of the batched BP decoding algorithm by generalizing the tree-based approach and provide an approach to optimize the system performance.
High efficiency SiO2–TiO2 hybrid sol-gel antireflective coating for infrared applications (2006)

Sol-gel derived antireflective thin films were created for chalcogenide glass substrates in the 1.5–5μm wavelength range of infrared region. Presented herein is a preparation and characterization of the hybrid sol-gel created including particle size, refractive index, pH, and Fourier transform infrared FTIR transmission spectra. It is shown that an increase of not less than 8% and up to 25.1% transmission is achieved using sol-gel derived antireflective coatings.
Noise Suppression Employing Short Delay Processing (1999)

Many telecommunication systems allow only a short delay in the terminal. This restriction stems from the fact that a delay will disturb the conversation. Therefore only a short delay is permissible in noise reduction processing. The well-known spectral subtraction method has been modified to introduce only a short delay and a variance reduced gain function. This modification is accomplished by viewing the spectral subtraction as an FFT filter design method which designs a time-varying filter for each block of data. The design will, however, only give the amplitude function, thus in order to obtain a causal filter a phase must be imposed. The spectral subtraction will not provide any phase information hence a minimum phase is imposed on the filter. The designed filter is transformed to the time-domain and the actual noise reduction filtering will be performed in the time-domain with only a short delay. The proposed method reduces the noise by 10 dB with a maximum processing delay of 7 samples.
ArcA-Regulated Glycosyltransferase Lic2B Promotes Complement Evasion and Pathogenesis of Nontypeable Haemophilus influenzae (2011)

Signaling mechanisms used by Haemophilus influenzae to adapt to conditions it encounters during stages of infection and pathogenesis are not well understood. The ArcAB two-component signal transduction system controls gene expression in response to respiratory conditions of growth and contributes to resistance to bactericidal effects of serum and to bloodstream infection by H. influenzae. We show that ArcA of nontypeable H. influenzae (NTHI) activates expression of a glycosyltransferase gene, lic2B. Structural comparison of the lipooligosaccharide (LOS) of a lic2B mutant to that of the wild-type strain NT127 revealed that lic2B is required for addition of a galactose residue to the LOS outer core. The lic2B gene was crucial for optimal survival of NTHI in a mouse model of bacteremia and for evasion of serum complement. The results demonstrate that ArcA, which controls cellular metabolism in response to environmental reduction and oxidation (redox) conditions, also coordinately controls genes that are critical for immune evasion, providing evidence that NTHI integrates redox signals to regulate specific countermeasures against host defense.
Large scale multi-objective optimization: Theoretical and practical challenges (2016)

Multi-objective optimization (MOO) is a well-studied problem for several important recommendation problems. While multiple approaches have been proposed, in this work, we focus on using constrained optimization formulations (e.g., quadratic and linear programs) to formulate and solve MOO problems. This approach can be used to pick desired operating points on the trade-off curve between multiple objectives. It also works well for internet applications which serve large volumes of online traffic, by working with Lagrangian duality formulation to connect dual solutions (computed offline) with the primal solutions (computed online). We identify some key limitations of this approach -- namely the inability to handle user and item level constraints, scalability considerations and variance of dual estimates introduced by sampling processes. We propose solutions for each of the problems and demonstrate how through these solutions we significantly advance the state-of-the-art in this realm. Our proposed methods can exactly handle user and item (and other such local) constraints, achieve a $100\times$ scalability boost over existing packages in R and reduce variance of dual estimates by two orders of magnitude.
Managing uncertainty in moving objects databases (2004)

This article addresses the problem of managing Moving Objects Databases (MODs) which capture the inherent imprecision of the information about the moving object's location at a given time. We deal systematically with the issues of constructing and representing the trajectories of moving objects and querying the MOD. We propose to model an uncertain trajectory as a three-dimensional (3D) cylindrical body and we introduce a set of novel but natural spatio-temporal operators which capture the uncertainty and are used to express spatio-temporal range queries. We devise and analyze algorithms for processing the operators and demonstrate that the model incorporates the uncertainty in a manner which enables efficient querying, thus striking a balance between the modeling power and computational efficiency. We address some implementation aspects which we experienced in our DOMINO project, as a part of which the operators that we introduce have been implemented. We also report on some experimental observations of a practical relevance.
Dispersion Free 450-V p GaN-Gated CAVETs With Mg-ion Implanted Blocking Layer (2017)

In this letter, a GaN-based current aperture vertical electron transistor (CAVET) with a p-type gate layer and an implantation-based current blocking structure is presented. The devices measured showed a breakdown voltage of 450 V and no dispersion. The factors limiting higher breakdown voltages in these devices were carefully studied and discussed. The devices were grown on sapphire and relied on a box-shaped Mg implanted current blocking scheme. This is the first demonstration of an implantation-based CAVET, grown on sapphire blocking of 450 V with respectable on-state characteristics.
Microfluidic sorting system based on optical waveguide integration and diode laser bar trapping (2006)

Effective methods for manipulating, isolating and sorting cells and particles are essential for the development of microfluidic-based life science research and diagnostic platforms. We demonstrate an integrated optical platform for cell and particle sorting in microfluidic structures. Fluorescent-dyed particles are excited using an integrated optical waveguide network within micro-channels. A diode-bar optical trapping scheme guides the particles across the waveguide/micro-channel structures and selectively sorts particles based upon their fluorescent signature. This integrated detection and separation approach streamlines microfluidic cell sorting and minimizes the optical and feedback complexity commonly associated with extant platforms.