gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
N-acetylcysteine Protects Mice from Lethal Endotoxemia by Regulating the Redox State of Immune Cells (2003)

The excessive production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) associated with inflammation leads to oxidative stress, which is involved with the high mortality from several diseases such as endotoxic shock and can be controlled to a certain degree by antioxidants. The immune cells use ROS in order to support their functions and, therefore, need adequate levels of antioxidant defenses in order to avoid the harmful effect of an excessive ROS production. In the present work, the effect of the administration of the antioxidant N-acetylcysteine (NAC) on the redox state of peritoneal macrophages and lymphocytes from mice with lethal endotoxic shock (100 mg/kg i.p. of lipopolysaccharide, LPS), was studied. In both types of immune cells at 0, 2, 4, 12 and 24 h after LPS injection, an increase of ROS, of the proinflammatory cytokine tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFalpha), the lipid peroxidation (malonaldehyde levels, MDA), inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) expression and the oxidized/reduced glutathione (GSSG/GSH) ratio, as well as a decrease of enzymatic antioxidant defenses, such as superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) activity, was observed. The injection of NAC (150 mg/kg i.p. at 30 min after LPS injection) decreased the ROS, the TNFalpha the MDA levels, iNOS expression and the GSSG/GSH ratio, and increased the antioxidant defenses in both macrophages and lymphocytes. Moreover, the NAC treatment prevented the activation of nuclear translocation of the nuclear factor kappaB (NF-kappaB), which regulates ROS, inflammatory cytokines and antioxidant levels. Our present results provide evidence that both cell types have a relevant role in the pathogenesis of endotoxic shock, and that NAC, by improving the redox state of these immune cells, could increase mouse survival. Thus, antioxidants could offer an alternative treatment of human endotoxic shock.
Familial dysautonomia model reveals <i>Ikbkap</i> deletion causes apoptosis of Pax3 <sup>+</sup> progenitors and peripheral neurons (2013)

Familial dysautonomia (FD) is a devastating developmental and progressive peripheral neuropathy caused by a mutation in the gene inhibitor of kappa B kinase complex-associated protein (IKBKAP). To identify the cellular and molecular mechanisms that cause FD, we generated mice in which Ikbkap expression is ablated in the peripheral nervous system and identify the steps in peripheral nervous system development that are Ikbkap-dependent. We show that Ikbkap is not required for trunk neural crest migration or pathfinding, nor for the formation of dorsal root or sympathetic ganglia, or the adrenal medulla. Instead, Ikbkap is essential for the second wave of neurogenesis during which the majority of tropomyosin-related kinase A (TrkA(+)) nociceptors and thermoreceptors arise. In its absence, approximately half the normal complement of TrkA(+) neurons are lost, which we show is partly due to p53-mediated premature differentiation and death of mitotically-active progenitors that express the paired-box gene Pax3 and give rise to the majority of TrkA(+) neurons. By the end of sensory development, the number of TrkC neurons is significantly increased, which may result from an increase in Runx3(+) cells. Furthermore, our data demonstrate that TrkA(+) (but not TrkC(+)) sensory and sympathetic neurons undergo exacerbated Caspase 3-mediated programmed cell death in the absence of Ikbkap and that this death is not due to a reduction in nerve growth factor synthesis. In summary, these data suggest that FD does not result from a failure in trunk neural crest migration, but rather from a critical function for Ikbkap in TrkA progenitors and TrkA(+) neurons.
Distribution of organochlorine pesticides in an agricultural environment, Holland Marsh, Ontario--1970-72. (1975)

Analaysis of organochlorine pesticides in soil, fish, and human blood samples from Holland Marsh, Ontario, indicates that although total DDT is present in detectable amounts, it does not constitute a hazard to human health and longevity. Among soils tested, residues were highest in surface samples. DDT levels in human blood samples were similar to those in U.S. and British studies.
A Systematic Review of Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction with Autograft Compared with Allograft (2009)

In general, the short-term clinical outcomes of anterior cruciate reconstruction with allograft were not significantly different from those with autograft. However, it is important to note that none of these nonrandomized studies stratified outcomes according to age or utilized multivariable modeling to mathematically control for age (or any other possible confounder, such as activity level, that is not equally distributed in the two treatment groups). Understanding these limitations of the best available evidence, the surgeon may incorporate the results of the present systematic review into the informed-consent and shared-decision-making process in order to individualize optimum patient care.
Structural analysis of glycosphingolipids by high-resolution proton nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (1980)

The carbohydrate composition of eight glycosphingolipids--glucosylceramide, lactosylceramide, lacto-N-triaosylceramide, neolactotetraosylceramide, IV3Gal alpha neolactotetraosylceramide, globotriaosylceramide, globoside (P-antigen), and Forssman glycolipid (IV3GalNAc alpha GbOse4Cer)--derived from different sources was analyzed by 1H nuclear magnetic resonance at 360 MHz in dimethyl-d6 sulfoxide as solvent. The resonances of all H-1 and H-2 protons as well as those of most of the H-3 and H-4, and of some H-5 protons, of the sugar rings were assigned with the aid of spin decoupling difference spectroscopy. They show regularities related to the type, anomeric configuration, site of glycosidic linkage, and sequence of the component sugars glucose, galactose, glucosamine, and galactosamine. These regularities are thus suited for elucidation of hitherto unknown structure of more complex glycosphingolipids.
Social certificates and trust negotiation (2006)

When participating in online communities and ad hoc interactions, peer trust is based on societal relationships where identity alone is typically insufficient. We propose a new method for automatic establishment of peer trust that is suitable for peer-topeer and ad-hoc networking applications which overcomes the shortcomings of existing approaches. This method includes a new type of property-based certificate which we call a Social Certificate, and a new approach for trust negotiation in which privacy is assured by isolating the negotiation using a Secure Trust Negotiation Agent. Each Secure agent acts as the negotiator for its peer, upholding the peer's trust negotiation policies while keeping shared information secret. We describe these new methods and the security technology underpinning the Secure Trust Negotiation Agent.
Bottled Sand Movies (2006)

Non-Photorealistic Rendering (NPR) is a class of techniques defined by what they do not aim, the realistic rendering of artificial scenes. NPR techniques, on the other hand, aim to reproduce artistic techniques renderings, trying to express feelings and moods on the rendered scenes. This paper introduces a new style of NPR based on a typical art craft from the northeastern region of Brazil, that uses colored sand to compose landscapes inside glass bottles. A method for generating two-dimensional (2D) virtual sand textures is introduced, as well as techniques for combining them in a point-by-point or in an area basis.
An Investigation on Amplitude Distribution for Controlling Side-Lobe Level of Sparse Cylindrical Sonar Arrays (2020)

This paper proposes a new solution calculating amplitude distribution for mitigating side-lobe level (SLL) of sparse cylindrical sonar array (SCSA) based on the explicit expression of the beam pattern, the separation of amplitude distribution into the row and the column, and simulation tools. With the proposed solution, the amplitude distribution is determined in order to satisfy the particular requirements.
Continuously Reproducing Toolchains in Pattern Recognition and Machine Learning Experiments (2017)

Pattern recognition and machine learning research work often contains experimental results on real-world data, which corroborates hypotheses and provides a canvas for the development and comparison of new ideas. Results, in this context, are typically summarized as a set of tables and figures, allowing the comparison of various methods, highlighting the advantages of the proposed ideas. Unfortunately, result reproducibility is often an overlooked feature of original research publications, competitions, or benchmark evaluations. The main reason for such a gap is the complexity on the development of software associated with these reports. Software frameworks are difficult to install, maintain, and distribute, while scientific experiments often consist of many steps and parameters that are difficult to report. The increasingly rising complexity of research challenges make it even more difficult to reproduce experiments and results. In this paper, we emphasize that a reproducible research work should be repeatable, shareable, extensible, and stable, and discuss important lessons we learned in creating, distributing, and maintaining software and data for reproducible research in pattern recognition and machine learning. We focus on a specific use-case of face recognition and describe in details how we can make the recognition experiments reproducible in practice.
Altered Hapten Ligands Antagonize Trinitrophenyl-specific Cytotoxic T Cells and Block Internalization of Hapten-specific Receptors (1997)

Low molecular chemicals (haptens) frequently cause T cell-mediated adverse immune reactions. Our previous work provided evidence that hapten-specific T cells, in analogy to those specific for nominal peptide antigens, direct their TCR towards hapten-modified, MHC-associated peptides. We now demonstrate that trinitrophenyl (TNP)-specific, class I MHC-restricted CTL from mice may exhibit exquisite specificity for subtle structural details of these hapten determinants, surpassing even the specificity of immunoglobulins. More importantly, these CTL could be antagonized by ligands altered either in their peptide sequence or in their hapten structure. The system was employed to examine the molecular basis of T cell antagonism. Whereas agonists resulted in a dose-dependent downregulation of TCR in different mouse T cell clones, antagonistic peptides totally failed to do so despite engaging the specific TCR. Moreover, simultaneous presentation of antagonist and agonist on the same antigen presenting cell prevented TCR internalization. No signs of anergy or functional receptor inactivation were observed in CTL treated with antagonist-loaded target cells. Based on a serial triggering model of T cell activation, our data favor a model in which antagonists block T cell functions by competitively engaging the specific TCR in unproductive interactions.
High-Fidelity Image Compression for High-Throughput and Energy-Efficient Cameras (2011)

We propose a new encoder-friendly image compression strategy for high-throughput cameras and other scenarios of resource-constrained encoders. The encoder performs $\ell_infty$-constrained predictive coding (DPCM coupled with uniform scalar quantizer), while the decoder solves an inverse problem of $\ell_2$ restoration of $\ell_\infty$-coded images. Although designed for minimum encoder complexity, the new codec outperforms the state-of-the-art encoder-centralized image codecs such as JPEG 2000 in PSNR for bit rates higher than 1.2 bpp, while maintaining much tighter $\ell_\infty$ error bounds as well. This is achieved through exploiting the tight error bound on each pixel naturally offered by the $\ell_\infty$-constrained encoder and by locally adaptive image modeling.
Synergistic enzymatic and microbial lignin conversion (2015)

The utilization of lignin for fungible fuels and chemicals represents one of the most imminent challenges in modern biorefineries.
Endovascular treatment of posterior circulation aneurysms by electrothrombosis using electrically detachable coils (1992)

In a multicenter study, 120 patients with intracranial aneurysms presenting a high surgical risk were treated using electrolytically detachable coils and electrothrombosis via an endovascular approach. The results of treatment in patients with posterior fossa aneurysms (42 patients with 43 aneurysms) are presented. The most frequent clinical presentation was subarachnoid hemorrhage (24 cases). The clinical follow-up periods ranged from 1 week to 18 months. Complete aneurysm occlusion was obtained in 13 of 16 aneurysms with a small neck and in four of 26 wide-necked aneurysms. A 70% to 98% thrombosis of the aneurysm was achieved in 22 of 26 aneurysms with a wide neck and in three of 16 small-necked aneurysms. One aneurysm could not be treated due to a technical complication. Two cases required postprocedural surgical clipping of a residual aneurysm. One patient (originally in Hunt and Hess Grade V) experienced procedural rupture of the aneurysm requiring an emergency parent artery occlusion. He eventually died 5 days later. Another patient (originally in Grade IV) had coil migration and posterior cerebral artery territory ischemia. A third patient developed a permanent neurological deficit (hemianopsia) after complete occlusion of a wide-necked basilar bifurcation aneurysm. One patient, harboring an inoperable giant basilar bifurcation aneurysm, died from aneurysm bleeding 18 months after partial occlusion. Overall morbidity and mortality rates related to treatment were 4.8% (two cases) and 2.4% (one case), respectively (2.6% and 0% if considering only patients in Hunt and Hess Grades I, II, and III). It is suggested that this technique is a viable alternative in the management of patients with posterior fossa aneurysms associated with high surgical risk. Longer angiographic and clinical follow-up study is necessary to determine the long-term efficacy of this recently developed endovascular occlusion technique. Close postoperative angiographic and clinical monitoring of patients with wide-necked subtotally occluded aneurysms is mandatory to check for potential aneurysmal recanalization, regrowth, and rupture.
Preparation, Structure, and Reactivity of 1,3,4‐Triphenyl‐4,5‐dihydro‐1<i>H</i>‐1,2,4‐triazol‐5‐ylidene, a New Stable Carbene (1995)

Stable to 150 °C, the heterocyclic carbene 1 is characterized by the typical reactivity of a nucleophilic carbene. Dihydrotriazole 1 can be prepared by simple thermal decomposition of its methanol adduct. X-ray crystal structure analysis, ab initio calculations, and reactivity studies confirm the nucleophilic carbene character of 1.
Asynchronous Packet-Switching for Networks-on-Chip (2006)

System-on-Chip design is facing increasing challenges in its integration, global wiring delay and power dissipation. Interconnection network technology has the advantage over conventional bus technology in its scalability; on the other hand, asynchronous circuit design technology may offer power saving and tackle the clock-skew problem. Chip designers are thus turning their attention to Network-on-Chip solutions. Packetswitches play a key role in interconnection networks and this paper focuses on their implementation as asynchronous circuits. The results of experiments run to evaluate several aspects of the routing switch implementation are presented.
Written language recognition based on texture analysis (2002)

Numerous techniques have been reported for optical character recognition (OCR). Almost all such techniques make an implicit assumption that the language of the document to be processed is known. We attempt to eliminate this assumption by presenting a novel algorithm for automatic written language recognition. Given that different languages are often visually distinctive in written form, we take a global approach based on texture analysis, where each language is regarded as a different texture. In principle this allows us to apply any standard texture recognition algorithm for the task. Experiments with six languages clearly demonstrate the great potential of the proposed global approach.
Can Artificial Intelligence (AI) Achieve Real-Time ‘Resect and Discard‘ Thresholds Independently of Device or Operator? (2018)

Introduction: A scope- and operator-independent method to optically diagnose diminutive polyps could make “Resect and Discard” a reality and save over $1 billion/year in the US alone. The American Society for Gastrointestinal Endoscopy’s (ASGE) Preservation and Incorporation of Valuable endoscopic Innovations (PIVI) “Resect and Discard” guideline requires a > 90% negative predictive value (NPV) for diminutive adenomas and > 90% concordance in recommended surveillance intervals comparing optical pathology to histology. Convolutional neural networks (CNN) have potential to predict polyp pathology and meet PIVI guidelines independently of operator or scope manufacturer. Methods: We developed an optical pathology (OP) model using a CNN built on Tensorflow and pretrained on ImageNet. 5456 high quality images of unique adenomas and serrated polyps of known locations, size, and light source (white light [WL] or narrow band imaging [NBI]) were extracted from our endoscopic database. Images were partitioned into 5 equal-sized subsamples for 5-fold cross validation with training (80%) and validation (20%). An Adam optimizer generates a probability between 0-0.5 (serrated) and 0.5-1 (adenoma). Surveillance intervals were calculated based on US Multi-Society Task Force guidelines, comparing OP vs. true pathology (TP). Results: Among polyps throughout the colon, NPV for adenomas was 92% (WL) and 93% (NBI). Surveillance interval concordance between OP and TP for screening and surveillance cases was 93% and 96%, respectively. Among diminutive polyps (< 6 mm) throughout the colon, NPV for adenomas was 91% (WL) and 92% (NBI). Surveillance concordance was 93% and 96% for screening and surveillance cases, respectively. Among diminutive polyps in the left colon, NPV improved to 97% (WL) and 95% (NBI). The model processes > 90 frames per second and provides real-time feedback during colonoscopy using a conventional desktop and graphics processing unit. Conclusion: Without stringencies (no unclassifiable polyps), our optical pathology model meets “Resect and Discard” PIVI guidelines and provides operator-independent and real-time feedback during colonoscopy. Accuracy is unaffected by light source, suggesting it may work well with any scope manufacturer. Adenoma detection rate and surveillance recommendations at the time of colonoscopy are added benefits. Blinded multicenter studies utilizing multiple scope manufacturers are needed to validate these potentials.221_A Figure 1. Distribution of Polyp Pathology by AI Predictions (inclusive of all polyp sizes, locations and light sources). 90+% of cases utilized 180- and 190-series Olympus colonoscopes.221_B Figure 2. Interval calculations are based on indication (family and/or personal history), size, number, location and polyp pathology (OP vs TP) according to US Multi-Society Task Force guidelines.
Induction of the Phase II Detoxification Pathway Suppresses Neuron Loss in<i>Drosophila</i>Models of Parkinson's Disease (2008)

α-Synuclein aggregates are a common feature of sporadic Parkinson's disease (PD), and mutations that increase α-synuclein abundance confer rare heritable forms of PD. Although these findings suggest that α-synuclein plays a central role in the pathogenesis of this disorder, little is known of the mechanism by which α-synuclein promotes neuron loss or the factors that regulate α-synuclein toxicity. To address these matters, we tested candidate modifiers of α-synuclein toxicity using a Drosophila model of PD. In the current work, we focused on phase II detoxification enzymes involved in glutathione metabolism. We find that the neuronal death accompanying α-synuclein expression in Drosophila is enhanced by loss-of-function mutations in genes that promote glutathione synthesis and glutathione conjugation. This neuronal loss can be overcome by genetic or pharmacological interventions that increase glutathione synthesis or glutathione conjugation activity. Moreover, these same pharmacological agents suppress neuron loss in Drosophila parkin mutants, a loss-of-function model of PD. Our results suggest that oxidative stress is a feature of α-synuclein toxicity and that induction of the phase II detoxification pathway represents a potential preventative therapy for PD.
3-deazaadenosine inhibits leukocyte adhesion and ICAM-1 biosynthesis in tumor necrosis factor-stimulated human endothelial cells. (1990)

Previous reports demonstrate that cultured human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HEC) treated with TNF and other inflammatory mediators show an increased capacity to adhere human neutrophils. This increase is associated with the up-regulation of intercellular adhesion molecule 1 (ICAM-1) and other adhesion molecules on the HEC surface. We have found that 200 microM 3-deazaadenosine (c3Ado) prevented this TNF-induced increase in HEC adhesiveness. This effect resulted from interactions of c3Ado with HEC and not with polymorphonuclear neutrophils. Transport of c3Ado into the HEC was required for its activity, as evidenced by antagonism with the nucleoside transport inhibitor, nitrobenzylthioinosine. Treatment of HEC with c3Ado led to the intracellular buildup of S-adenosylhomocysteine and to the metabolic formation of S-3-deazaadenosylhomocysteine and 3-deazaadenosine 5'-triphosphate, events that appeared not to contribute to c3Ado activity. Exogenous L-homocysteine potentiated c3Ado activity, and this potentiation was prevented by the S-adenosylhomocysteine hydrolase inhibitor, periodate-oxidized adenosine. By using the mAb RR1/1, we have determined that c3Ado also inhibited the TNF-induced expression of ICAM-1 on the surface of the HEC, as well as cytosol-associated ICAM-1. Northern blot and in vitro translation analyses of poly(A+) RNA from c3Ado-treated HEC revealed that this nucleoside analog selectively decreased steady-state levels of ICAM-1 mRNA. The capacity of c3Ado to selectively inhibit HEC adhesiveness, ICAM-1 production, and steady-state levels of ICAM-1 mRNA may contribute to the drug's activity as an anti-inflammatory agent.
Gallium(III)‐Schiff Base Complexes as Novel Ionophores for Fluoride Selective Polymeric Membrane Electrodes (2005)

Abstract Gallium(III)‐Schiff base complexes are examined as potential ionophores for the development of fluoride ion‐selective polymeric membrane electrodes. To probe the effect of ionophore structure, several different salen and salophen compounds have been synthesized and tested in plasticized poly(vinyl chloride) membranes (H 2 1–5 ). A salophen ligand structure highly substituted with t‐butyl groups (H 2 1 ) was found to be optimal with respect to membrane compatibility, and its corresponding Ga(III) complex yields membrane electrodes with greatly enhanced potentiometric selectivity for fluoride ion over a host of other anions. Addition of lipophilic anionic sites into the membrane phase provides optimized response and selectivity, indicating that the Ga 1 ionophore functions as a charge carrier. The use of dioctylsebacate as the membrane plasticizer helps reduce any dimer‐monomer equilibria in the membrane phase, yielding sensors with rapid and fully reversible EMF response. Optimal potentiometric detection of fluoride is achieved in solutions buffered to relatively low pH values (pH 3.0), to reduce anionic response to hydroxide. The use of gallium(III)‐Schiff base complexes is shown to offer a promising research direction to ultimately achieve polymeric membrane fluoride sensors that exhibit potentiometric response equivalent to the classical lanthanum fluoride‐based solid state type membrane electrode.