gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Probabilistic Semi-Supervised Clustering with Constraints (2006)

In certain clustering tasks it is possible to obtain limited supervision in the form of pairwise constraints, i.e., pairs of instances labeled as belonging to same or different clusters. The resulting problem is known as semi-supervised clustering, an instance of semi-supervised learning stemming from a traditional unsupervised learning setting. Several algorithms exist for enhancing clustering quality by using supervision in the form of constraints. These algorithms typically utilize the pairwise constraints to either modify the clustering objective function or to learn the clustering distortion measure. This chapter describes an approach that employs Hidden Markov Random Fields (HMRFs) as a probabilistic generative model for semi-supervised clustering, thereby providing a principled framework for incorporating constraint-based supervision into prototype-based clustering. The HMRF-based model allows the use of a broad range of clustering distortion measures, including Bregman divergences (e.g., squared Euclidean distance, KL divergence) and directional distance measures (e.g., cosine distance), making it applicable to a number of domains. The model leads to the HMRF-KMeans algorithm which minimizes an objective function derived from the joint probability of the model, and allows unification of constraint-based and distance-based semi-supervised clustering methods. Additionally, a two-phase active learning algorithm for selecting informative pairwise constraints in a querydriven framework is derived from the HMRF model, facilitating improved clustering performance with relatively small amounts of supervision from the user.
Tin Oxide Microsensors (1986)

Tin oxide based semiconductor gas sensors were fabricated on silicon wafers using conventional micro-electronic processing technology. Thin film tin oxide was delineated by a reactive ion etching technique using SiCl4 as the etch gas. The overall device size is 450 μm x 350 μm with a sensing element feature size of 50 μm x 50 μm. The sensor resistance changes significantly when the sensor is exposed to alcohol vapor or NOX in ambient air. At sensor temperatures ranging from 200 to 300°C, the values of R(air)/ R(200 ppm of alcohol vapor in air) are 50 and 140 for tin oxide (SnOx) and palladium-gold/SnOx (PdAu/SnOx) sensors, respectively; while the values of R(50 ppm of NOX in air)/R(air) are 60 and 5 for SnOx and PdAu/SnOx sensors, respectively. Possible sensing mechanisms based on XPS, Kelvin probe, Hall and electrical conductivity measurements are also discussed.
Stable bin packing of non-convex 3D objects with a robot manipulator (2018)

Recent progress in the field of robotic manipulation has generated interest in fully automatic object packing in warehouses. This paper proposes a formulation of the packing problem that is tailored to the automated warehousing domain. Besides minimizing waste space inside a container, the problem requires stability of the object pile during packing and the feasibility of the robot motion executing the placement plans. To address this problem, a set of constraints are formulated, and a constructive packing pipeline is proposed to solve for these constraints. The pipeline is able to pack geometrically complex, non-convex objects with stability while satisfying robot constraints. In particular, a new 3D positioning heuristic called Heightmap-Minimization heuristic is proposed, and heightmaps are used to speed up the search. Experimental evaluation of the method is conducted with a realistic physical simulator on a dataset of scanned real-world items, demonstrating stable and high-quality packing plans compared with other 3D packing methods.
Modified constant modulus algorithm for polarization-switched QPSK (2011)

By using a generalized cost function, a modified constant modulus algorithm (CMA) that allows polarization demultiplexing and equalization of polarization-switched QPSK is found. An implementation that allows easy switching between the conventional and the modified CMA is described. Using numerical simulations, the suggested algorithm is shown to have similar performance for polarization-switched QPSK as CMA has for polarization-multiplexed QPSK.
A novel bioactive 31-amino acid endothelin-1 is a potent chemotactic peptide for human neutrophils and monocytes (2001)

Endothelin (ET)-1(1-31) is a novel 31-amino acid-length peptide derived from big ET-1 by chymase or other chymotrypsin-type proteases and is a major ET derivative in human neutrophils. In this study, we revealed that ET-1(1-31), but not big ET, exhibited chemotactic activities toward human neutrophils and monocytes as an inflammatory mediator, although the effects were less potent than those of formyl-methionyl-leucyl-phenylalanine or interleukin-8. However, the chemotactic effects of ET-1(1-31) were much greater than those of the 21-amino acid ET-1, ET-1(1-21). Checkerboard analyses revealed that the effects are chemotactic rather than chemokinetic. The effects of ET-1(1-31) are not mediated by interleukin-8 or monocyte chemoattractant protein-1. The chemotactic effects and an increase in intracellular-free Ca(2)(+) caused by ET-1(1-31) were significantly inhibited by BQ123, an ET(A) receptor antagonist, but not by BQ788, an ET(B) receptor antagonist, suggesting that ET-1(1-31) mediates chemotaxis through an ET(A) or ET(A)-like receptor.
Infinite phased-array analysis using FDTD periodic boundary conditions-pulse scanning in oblique directions (1999)

Unit cell analysis of infinite phased-arrays in the finite difference time domain (FDTD) is performed by implementation of periodic boundary conditions. The technique allows for pulse excitation and oblique scan directions in both the cardinal and intercardinal planes. To our knowledge, this is the first paper presenting FDTD computations for intercardinal pulse scanning in oblique directions. The ordinary Yee lattice is used, which makes the algorithm easy to incorporate in an already existing FDTD code. Nonperiodic boundaries are truncated by Berenger's (see J. Comput. Phys., vol.127, p.363-79, 1996) perfectly matched layer (PML). Active impedance of an infinite dipole array is calculated with the new method and validation is performed via the "element-by-element" approach, i.e., by a conventional FDTD simulation of a corresponding large finite array. Excellent agreement is found and the technique has been numerically stable in all cases analyzed.
Impact of Donor Layer Thickness, Doping Concentration and Gate-Width on Gate-Capacitance of AlGaN/GaN Single and Double Heterostructure HEMT for Microwave Frequency Applications (2018)

An analytical model based on charge control approach which is followed for analyzing the effect of thickness of the donor layer, dopants concentration in the donor layer and gate-width on the net gate-capacitance of AlGaN/GaN based double heterostructure (DH) high electron mobility transistor (HEMT) is presented in this paper. It has been observed that with reduction in the donor layer thickness and simultaneous increase in concentration of the dopants in the donor layer and gate-width; net gate-capacitance increases more in DH-HEMT due to two 2DEG formation as compared to a single 2DEG formation in single heterostructure (SH)-HEMT. To prove the validity of the analytical model, variation in gate capacitances with gate-source and drain-source voltage obtained analytically were verified with the variations obtained through ATLAS-2D device simulation.
Ultra-rare-event detection performance of a custom scanning cytometer on a model preparation of fetal nRBCs (2000)

Background The performance of a fully automated scanning cytometer incorporating previously reported high-precision autofocus and accurate image segmentation was evaluated for the detection of “ultra-rare” cells using a model of fetal nucleated red blood cells (fnRBCs) in the maternal circulation. These distinctive scanning cytometry techniques were expected to markedly improve sensitivity and specificity. Methods Normal adult blood and fetal red blood cells were stained with fluorescein isothiocyanate–conjugated anti-fetal hemoglobin and 4,6-diamidino-2-phenylindole, a nuclear dye. Adult cells were spiked with fetal cells to create ratios of about 1 fnRBC in 107 nucleated cells and deposited in monolayers on slides using centrifugal cytology. Rare-event performance parameters were reviewed, formalized, and applied to test the new instrument using this cell model. Results Fifteen slides were analyzed to establish performance by comparison with manual detection, and four sets of four slides each were then scanned to explore the limit of detection. Results were an average sensitivity of 91%, an average specificity error of 12.3 false-positives per million cells, and repeatability of 100% at a cell analysis rate of 862 Hz. With addition of a quick interactive step subsequent to scanning, the false-positive rate dropped to a total of only one artifact over the 15 experiments. The instrument succeeded at locating 1 fnRBC in 20 million adult cells, the lowest limit of detection tested. Conclusion This consistently high performance, coupled with the capability of scanning arbitrarily large numbers of cells, validates the considerable potential of precise high-speed autofocus and accurate real-time image segmentation for ultra-rare event detection. Cytometry 39:285–294, 2000 © 2000 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Microfluidic mixing in a Y-junction open channel (2012)

In the laminar regimes typical of microfluidic systems’, mixing is governed by molecular diffusion; however this process is slow in nature. Consequently, passive or active methods are usually sought for effective mixing. In this work, open fluidic channels will be investigated; these channels are bounded on all but one face by an air/fluid interface. Firstly, it will be shown that flow in open channels can merge at a Y-junction in a stable manner; hence two fluids can be brought into contact with each other. Secondly, the mixing of these two fluids will be studied. At high flow rates (&gt;300 μl/min) mixing occurs at the junction without need for additional intervention, this mixing is far swifter than can be expected from molecular diffusion. At lower flow rates, intervention is required. A major motivation for open fluidic channels is the ability to interact with the surrounding air environment; this feature is used to effect the desired mixing. It is shown that by blowing an air jet across the junction, shear stresses at the air/fluid interface causes a flow profile within the fluid inductive to rapid mixing of the fluids.
Educational technology and the traditional lecture (1994)

I was recently invited to give a lecture at the opening of a new high-technology lecture theatre at Leeds Metropolitan University. It is one of the best examples of its kind I have seen. Its impressive features include hi-fi surround sound, an enormous back-projected screen giving superb picture quality from either a VCR or directly from a computer for live demonstrations, online facilities, the latest remote-control slide-projection equipment, complete lecturer's control panel, and several nice touches such as automatic dimming of the auditorium lights when Play is pressed on any of the hidden video playback machines. The overhead projectors and their screens are of the best quality and correctly positioned for the clearest possible display. There are also video-link facilities for spill-over into a secondary lecture theatre which itself is well fitted out in presentational equipment.DOI:10.1080/0968776940020101
Pressure-triggered active fasteners: Design results using topology optimization (2007)

Using topology optimization this paper explores alternative configurations of pressure-based active fasteners. The 2D and 3D optimization problem is solved for a snap-fit like design. A detailed finite element verification is conducted, the theoretical designs are translated into producible components and preliminary concepts how to manufacture the designs are presented.
Coding for compression in full-text retrieval systems (2003)

Witten, Bell and Nevill (see ibid., p.23, 1991) have described compression models for use in full-text retrieval systems. The authors discuss other coding methods for use with the same models, and give results that show their scheme yielding virtually identical compression, and decoding more than forty times faster. One of the main features of their implementation is the complete absence of arithmetic coding; this, in part, is the reason for the high speed. The implementation is also particularly suited to slow devices such as CD-ROM, in that the answering of a query requires one disk access for each term in the query and one disk access for each answer. All words and numbers are indexed, and there are no stop words. They have built two compressed databases.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
A new C-band polarimetric radar with simultaneous transmission for hydrometeor classification and rainfall measurement (2005)

Enterprise Electronics Cooperation (EEC) has developed a state-of-the-science C-band polarimetric radar based on simultaneous transmission of horizontal
Use of machine learning for behavioral distinction of autism and ADHD (2016)

Although autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) continue to rise in prevalence, together affecting >10% of today's pediatric population, the methods of diagnosis remain subjective, cumbersome and time intensive. With gaps upward of a year between initial suspicion and diagnosis, valuable time where treatments and behavioral interventions could be applied is lost as these disorders remain undetected. Methods to quickly and accurately assess risk for these, and other, developmental disorders are necessary to streamline the process of diagnosis and provide families access to much-needed therapies sooner. Using forward feature selection, as well as undersampling and 10-fold cross-validation, we trained and tested six machine learning models on complete 65-item Social Responsiveness Scale score sheets from 2925 individuals with either ASD (n=2775) or ADHD (n=150). We found that five of the 65 behaviors measured by this screening tool were sufficient to distinguish ASD from ADHD with high accuracy (area under the curve=0.965). These results support the hypotheses that (1) machine learning can be used to discern between autism and ADHD with high accuracy and (2) this distinction can be made using a small number of commonly measured behaviors. Our findings show promise for use as an electronically administered, caregiver-directed resource for preliminary risk evaluation and/or pre-clinical screening and triage that could help to speed the diagnosis of these disorders.
Mn-activated K2ZrF6 and Na2ZrF6 phosphors: Sharp red and oscillatory blue-green emissions (2012)

Mn-activated A2ZrF6 (A = K, Na) phosphors are synthesized by the chemical reaction method in HF-based solutions. The Mn-activated K2ZrF6 phosphor exhibits sharp red emission peaks at ∼630 nm, which are typically observed in various Mn4+-activated phosphors. The phosphor is, therefore, identified to be K2ZrF6:Mn4+. The Mn-activated Na2ZrF6 phosphor, on the other hand, shows a broad blue-green emission band with a peak at ∼520 nm while exhibiting an oscillatory feature. This emission band is considered to originate from the Mn2+ ion in the Na+−Na+ site of Na2ZrF6. Such an oscillatory feature has not been previously reported for phosphors. Fourier transform analysis yields a main oscillatory period of ∼0.10 eV together with a secondary oscillatory period of ∼26 meV. Although the origin of the oscillatory feature in Na2ZrF6:Mn2+ is unclear, it appears to be caused by an effect of the Mn2+-induced strain in the Na2ZrF6 host. Such unique luminescence properties of Na2ZrF6:Mn2+ are not only of technological importance but also of scientific interest.
Towards a Wearable Cough Detector Based on Neural Networks (2018)

Persistent cough is a symptom common to a number of respiratory disorders; however, reliable monitoring of cough frequency and cough severity over an extended period of time can be a challenge. Traditional methods involve subjective evaluation by care providers or patient self-reports. As an alternative, we propose an objective method for monitoring cough using a wearable microphone. We collected 24-hour audio recordings from 9 patients suffering from chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, asthma, and lung cancer using the VitaloJAK wearable microphone. Trained professionals carefully listened to each audio stream and manually labeled each cough event. Using this data, we propose a new neural-network-based cough detection scheme. A pre-processing algorithm is used to estimate the start and end of each cough and the deep neural network is trained using each cough instance. Experiments demonstrate an average leave-one-participant-out cross-validation specificity and sensitivity of 93.7% and 97.6% respectively.
Regioselective Heck arylation of unsaturated alcohols by palladium catalysis in ionic liquid (2006)

In contrast to almost all of the known examples of Heck arylation of unsaturated alcohols, which yield predominately beta-arylated products, arylation under the Pd-DPPP catalysis in ionic liquid leads preferentially to aryl substitution at the alpha carbon, providing an easy pathway to this valuable class of olefins.
Epidemiology of Pseudomonas aeruginosa infections: determination by pyocin typing (1976)

The epidemiology of hospital infections due to Pseudomonas aeruginosa was investigated by pyocin typing. The typing method, which determined the pyocin activity of clinical isolates of P. aeruginosa on 27 indicator strains, was 43.7% reproducible, but elimination of 9 indicator strains doubled the reproducibility and yielded more readable pyocin inhibition zones. Seventy-eight of 1,084 isolates (7.2%) were untypable. In the second part of the study, P. aeruginosa was isolated from 110 patients (5.4% of all admissions) in a 3-month period and typed with the revised method. Twenty pyocin types were identified, 10 of which were obtained from five or more patients. P. aeruginosa was isolated from 45 of 353 environmental samples, including water fountains, ice machines, bar soaps, and germicide solutions for toilet brushes. Twenty percent of the environmental samples were untypable but, among typable strains, the five most common environmental strains were the same as the strains most frequently isolated from patients. The organism was frequently isolated from noses (39%), throats (39%), and stools (29%) of patients with P. aeruginosa infections or colonizations in urine, sputum, surgical wounds, or skin lesions. Six of eight patients had P. aeruginosa in their tracheostomy wounds. Autoinfections by strains already acquired on carrier sites may be significant.
Active Learning in Multiple Modalities for Semantic Feature Extraction from Video (2018)

Active learning has been demonstrated to be a useful tool to reduce human labeling effort for many multimedia applications. However, most of the previous work on multimedia active learning has gloss the multi-modality problem very much. From several experimental results, multi-modality fusion plays an important role to boost performance of multimedia classification. In this paper, we present a multi-modality active learning approach which enhances the process of active learning approach from single-modality to multi-modality. The experimental results on the TRECVID 2004 semantic feature extraction task show that the proposed active learning approach works more effectively than single-modality approach and also demonstrate a significantly reduced amount of labeled data.
A full 4-channel 6.3Gb/s 60GHz direct-conversion transceiver with low-power analog and digital baseband circuitry (2012)

This paper presents a 60 GHz direct-conversion front-end and baseband transceiver, including analog and digital circuitry for the PHY functions. The 65 nm CMOS front-end consumes 319 mW and 223 mW in transmitting and receiving mode, respectively, and is capable of more than 7 Gb/s 16QAM wireless communication for every channel of the 60 GHz standards. The 40 nm CMOS baseband incorporating LDPC consumes 196 mW and 398 mW for 16QAM in transmitting and receiving mode, respectively. The entire system, using a 6dBi antenna built in an organic package, can transmit 3.1Gb/s over 1.8 m in QPSK and 6.3 Gb/s over 0.05 m in 16QAM.
Cells in tight spaces: the role of cell shape in cell function (2010)

In this issue, Pitaval et al. (2010. J. Cell Biol. doi:10.1083/jcb.201004003) demonstrate that cell geometry can regulate the elaboration of a primary cilium. Their findings and approaches are part of a historical line of inquiry investigating the role of cell shape in intracellular organization and cellular function.
A Novel Wafer Reclaim Method for Amorphous SiC and Carbon Doped Oxide Films (2005)

Amorphous SiC (a-SiC) films are the most promising dielectric diffusion barriers to replace silicon nitride in Cu-interconnect technology. However, reclaim of wafers with a-SiC films is a challenge issue for mass production. In this paper, a novel wafer reclaim method is proposed. It is observed that a-SiC can be oxidized to SiO/sub 2/ in both dry O/sub 2/ and steam ambients at temperatures as low as 550/spl deg/C. The oxidation mechanism can be described by the Deal-Grove model that is traditionally used to describe oxidation of Si. Experiments prove that the oxidation process is clean and uniform. It is also observed that carbon doped oxide (CDO) films can be oxidized easily, too. Therefore, oxidation followed by HF etching could be a universal process to reclaim wafers deposited with a-SiC or CDO films. Since the oxidation rate of Si substrates at medium temperatures is much lower than that of a-SiC and CDO films, the oxidation process is virtually self-limiting. Compared with a traditional reclaim method based on wafer polishing, this universal oxidation-etching method exhibits great benefits in terms of low cost, high throughput, and the ability to perform nearly unlimited numbers of reclaim cycles.
Radiation Therapy and Cardiotoxicity (2017)

Radiotherapy is an integral part of achieving long-term cure in a number of intrathoracic malignancies. This chapter will provide an overview of the epidemiology of heart disease after radiotherapy, with specific focus on clinical data from Hodgkin lymphoma and breast cancer survivors. As clinical manifestation of heart disease can take years, if not decades, to manifest, animal models can assist in our understanding of the pathogenesis as well as the cellular and molecular mechanisms of radiation-induced heart disease, elucidating opportunities for intervention and prevention. Finally, recommendations for monitoring patients after radiotherapy and management of cardiac disease in patients with prior thoracic/breast neoplasms will be discussed.
Surface Engineering of Ultrafine Cellulose Nanofibrils toward Polymer Nanocomposite Materials (2013)

Surface grafting of crystalline and ultrafine cellulose nanofibrils with poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) chains via ionic bonds was achieved by a simple ion-exchange treatment. The PEG-grafted cellulose nanofibrils exhibited nanodispersibility in organic solvents such as chloroform, toluene, and tetrahydrofuran. Then, the PEG-grafted cellulose nanofibril/chloroform dispersion and poly(L-lactide) (PLLA)/chloroform solution were mixed, and the PEG-grafted cellulose nanofibril/PLLA composite films with various blend ratios were prepared by casting the mixtures on a plate and drying. The tensile strength, Young's modulus, and work of fracture of the composite films were remarkably improved, despite low cellulose addition levels (<1 wt %). The highly efficient nanocomposite effect was explained in terms of achievement of nanodispersion states of the PEG-grafted cellulose nanofibrils in the PLLA matrix. Moreover, some attractive interactions mediated by the PEG chains were likely to be formed between the cellulose nanofibrils and PLLA molecules in the composites, additionally enhancing the efficient nanocomposite effect.