gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Power Converters Maximize Outputs Of Solar Cell Strings (1993)

Microprocessor-controlled dc-to-dc power converters devised to maximize power transferred from solar photovoltaic strings to storage batteries and other electrical loads. Converters help in utilizing large solar photovoltaic arrays most effectively with respect to cost, size, and weight. Main points of invention are: single controller used to control and optimize any number of dumb tracker units and strings independently; power maximized out of converters; and controller in system is microprocessor.
Efficient and Robust Uncertainty Quantification in Reservoir Simulation with Polynomial Chaos Expansions and Non-intrusive Spectral Projection (2011)

Abstract Polynomial Chaos Expansions (PCE) as applied with the Probabilistic Collocation Method (PCM) has been shown to be a promising approach for uncertainty quantification in reservoir simulation. In particular, it has been shown to be more accurate and efficient compared to traditional experimental design (ED). PCEs have a significant advantage over other response surfaces as they theoretically guarantee convergence to the true distribution (of the output random variable of interest, such as cumulative oil production) as the order of the PCE and number of simulations used to calculate the PCE coefficients is increased. However, there are many issues with PCM that limit the practical applicability of the method to large scale problems. A key issue with the PCM approach is that the number of simulations required to create the PCE is directly dependent on the number of terms in the PCE, and this increases exponentially with PCE order and number of random variables. We propose the application of another related approach that also uses PCEs called Non-Intrusive Spectral Projection (NISP) that essentially eliminates many of the key problems with PCM. The main difference with PCM is that instead of using a collocation or regression approach to estimate the PCE coefficients, a sampling approach is used in NISP. This makes the number of simulations almost independent of the number of random variables and PCE order, and as a result is much more efficient for large-scale problems. Furthermore, statistically rigorous error estimates on the PCE coefficients are also provided with this approach. We also propose a robust approach for eliminating PCE coefficients that have been estimated incorrectly, thereby improving the accuracy and robustness of NISP. The accuracy and efficiency of the approach is demonstrated through various examples.
Low-threshold buried-ridge II-VI laser diodes (1993)

Blue-green (λ=511 nm) separate confinement laser structures based on lattice-matched MgZnSSe-ZnSSe-CdZnSe have been grown by molecular beam epitaxy. Wide stripe gain-guided devices have been fabricated from several such wafers. These devices exhibit room-temperature pulsed threshold current densities as low as 630 A/cm2 and threshold voltages less than 9 V. Using a novel self-aligned process that results in a planar surface, buried-ridge laser diodes have also been fabricated. These devices have demonstrated room-temperature threshold currents as low as 2.5 mA, which is more than a factor of 50 lower than that of any previously reported II-VI laser diode. Room-temperature operation at duty factors up to 50% has been demonstrated. The far-field patterns from these devices indicate single lateral mode operation, suitable for diffraction-limited applications, such as optical data storage.
Four Cytotoxic N4‐Substituted Thiosemicarbazones Derived from 2‐Hydroxynaphthalene‐1‐carboxaldehyde (2004)

Abstract For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Independent motion detection in 3D scenes (1999)

Presents an algorithmic approach to the problem of detecting independently moving objects in 3D scenes that are viewed under camera motion. There are two fundamental constraints that can be exploited for the problem: (i) a two- (or multi-)view camera motion constraint (for instance, the epipolar/trilinear constraint), and (ii) a shape constancy constraint. Previous approaches to the problem either only used partial constraints or relied on dense correspondences or flow. We employ both of these fundamental constraints in an algorithm that does not demand a-priori availability of correspondences or flow. Our approach uses the plane-plus-parallax decomposition to enforce the two constraints. It is also demonstrated, for a class of scenes called sparse 3D scenes, in which genuine parallax and independent motions may be confounded, how the plane-plus-parallax decomposition allows progressive introduction and verification of the fundamental constraints. The results of applying the algorithm to some difficult sparse 3D scenes look promising.
Towards high fidelity high efficiency MEMS microspeakers (2010)

This paper presents simulations and microfabrication of different parts of high fidelity electrodynamic MEMS loudspeakers with high electroacoustic conversion efficiency. The originality of the structure lies on the use of rigid silicon membranes suspended by a whole set of silicon beams instead of flexible polymer membranes usually found in MEMS loudspeakers. The microspeaker structure includes a planar copper microcoil electroplated on the silicon membrane and permanent magnets bonded on the substrate. Microstructure of the silicon membrane was optimized using FEM simulations for providing both rigidity and lightness of the mobile part. The results presented on a deep RIE etched 15 mm diameter silicon membrane structured with 40 stiffening ribs and on a 30 μm thick microcoil with 35 turns experimentally show the feasibility of key stages required for manufacturing of MEMS microspeakers with outstanding properties.
A polymorphic DNA marker that represents a conserved expressed sequence in the region of the Huntington disease gene. (1988)

A polymorphic marker (D4S62) that is genetically closely linked to D4S10 and is in the region of the gene for Huntington disease is described. A four-allele polymorphism is detected when HincII-digested DNA is hybridized with D4S62. D4S62 maps, by Southern blot analysis using somatic-cell hybrids, to 4p16.1 closer to the centromere than does D4S10. The use of the polymorphisms detected by D4S62 increases the informativeness of markers close to the gene for Huntington disease and will be useful for preclinical diagnosis. D4S62 detects transcripts of approximately 6,000 nucleotides in rat, mouse, and monkey liver and brain. This represents the first demonstration of conserved expressed sequences close to the gene for Huntington disease.
First Investigation of Longitudinal Defects in Hollow Core Photonic Bandgap Fibers (2014)

To improve yield in fabricated HC-PBGFs we have studied morphology and longitudinal evolution of occasional, undesired defects causing localized loss. The short spatial and temporal duration of the defects seems indicative of residual preform contaminations.
Automatic test generation using quadratic 0-1 programming (1990)

We recently proposed an unconventional digital circuit modeling technique and formulated test generation as an energy minimization problem [7]. Although energy minimization is as hard as test generation, the new approach has two advantages. Since the circuit function is mathematically expressed, operations research techniques like linear and non-linear programming can be applied to test generation. The non-causal form of the model makes parallel processing possible. The energy function E, a quadratic 0-1 function, is split into two sub-functions, a homogeneous posiform and an inhomogeneous posiform. The minimum of E is the sum of the minima of the two sub-functions, each having a minimum value of 0. We obtain a minimizing point of the homogeneous posiform, in time complexity that is linear in the number of sub-function terms, and check if the other sub-function becomes 0. When both become 0, we have a test vector. We discuss several easily parallelizable speedup techniques using the transitive closure and other graph properties. Preliminary results on combinational circuits confirm the feasibility of this technique.
High-speed massive imaging of hard disk data by using the spin-stand imaging technique (2003)

High-speed massive imaging of hard disk data by using the spin-stand imaging technique [I. D. Mayergoyz, C. Serpico, C. Krafft, and C. Tse, J. Appl. Phys. 87, 6824 (2000) and I. D. Mayergoyz, C. Tse, C. Krafft, and R. D. Gomez, J. Appl. Phys. 89, 6772 (2001)] is reported. In order to obtain these large-scale images of hard disk data, disks from commercial hard drives were scanned by a giant magnetoresistive head in the along- and cross-track directions. A special method of triggering has been devised to capture the data nondestructively. Challenges related to the eccentricity of the disk and the instability of the trigger have also been addressed. By using this massive imaging technique, we were able to image disk data with track densities as high as 60 000 tracks per inch. With a specially designed automated algorithm, the developed technique can be programmed to image the drive data of the whole disk surface with high resolution and speed.
Chaperone-Aided in Vitro Renaturation of an Engineered E1 Envelope Protein for Detection of Anti-Rubella Virus IgG Antibodies (2008)

The envelope glycoproteins of Rubella virus, E1 and E2, mediate cell tropism, and E1 in particular plays a pivotal role in the fusion of the virus with the endosomal membrane. Both are the prime targets of the humoral immune response. Recombinant variants of the E1 ectodomain as well as E1 antigen preparations from virus lysates are commonly used to detect anti-Rubella immunoglobulins in human sera. Hitherto, recombinant E1 for diagnostic applications has been produced chiefly in eukaryotic expression systems. Here, we report the high-yield overproduction of an engineered E1 ectodomain in the Escherichia coli cytosol and its simple and convenient renaturation into a highly soluble and immunoreactive conformation. C-Terminal fusion to one or two units of the E. coli chaperone SlyD enhances expression, facilitates in vitro refolding, and improves the overall solubility of Rubella E1. As part of this fusion protein, the E1 ectodomain fragment of residues 201-432 adopts an immunoreactive fold, providing a promising tool for the sensitive and specific detection of anti-E1 IgG in Rubella serology. Two disulfide bonds in the membrane-adjacent part of the E1 ectodomain are sufficient to generate conformations with a high and specific antigenicity. The covalently attached chaperone modules do not impair antibody recognition and binding of Rubella E1 when assessed in a heterogeneous immunoassay. SlyD and related folding helpers are apparently generic tools for the expression and refolding of otherwise unavailable proteins of diagnostic or medical importance.
Ultrafast shape recognition for similarity search in molecular databases (2007)

Molecular databases are routinely screened for compounds that most closely resemble a molecule of known biological activity to provide novel drug leads. It is widely believed that three-dimensional molecular shape is the most discriminating pattern for biological activity as it is directly related to the steep repulsive part of the interaction potential between the drug-like molecule and its macromolecular target. However, efficient comparison of molecular shape is currently a challenge. Here, we show that a new approach based on moments of distance distributions is able to recognize molecular shape at least three orders of magnitude faster than current methodologies. Such an ultrafast method permits the identification of similarly shaped compounds within the largest molecular databases. In addition, the problematic requirement of aligning molecules for comparison is circumvented, as the proposed distributions are independent of molecular orientation. Our methodology could be also adapted to tackle similar hard problems in other fields, such as designing content-based Internet search engines for three-dimensional geometrical objects or performing fast similarity comparisons between proteins. From a broader perspective, we anticipate that ultrafast pattern recognition will soon become not only useful, but also essential to address the data explosion currently experienced in most scientific disciplines.
A layer-by-layer metallic photonic band-gap structure (1996)

A new photonic band-gap structure has been developed using a periodic array of metallic rods. Structures have been designed and built that operate in the 75–110 GHz frequency range. A periodic structure shows a high-pass transmission characteristic, while the addition of a defect to the structure adds a bandpass response. Measured responses show good agreement with theoretical simulations. A defect mode operated in the reflection mode showed a quality factor Q of 461. This new metallic structure is considerably smaller than comparable dielectric photonic band-gap structures, and should be useful for building compact, inexpensive filters with operating frequencies ranging from 1 GHz to 1 THz.
Semi-Supervised Semantic Image Segmentation with Self-correcting Networks (2018)

Building a large image dataset with high-quality object masks for semantic segmentation is costly and time consuming. In this paper, we introduce a principled semi-supervised framework that only uses a small set of fully supervised images (having semantic segmentation labels and box labels) and a set of images with only object bounding box labels (we call it the weak set). Our framework trains the primary segmentation model with the aid of an ancillary model that generates initial segmentation labels for the weak set and a self-correction module that improves the generated labels during training using the increasingly accurate primary model. We introduce two variants of the self-correction module using either linear or convolutional functions. Experiments on the PASCAL VOC 2012 and Cityscape datasets show that our models trained with a small fully supervised set perform similar to, or better than, models trained with a large fully supervised set while requiring ~7x less annotation effort.
ChemInform Abstract: PROPERTIES OF LITHIUM ALUMINUM CHLORIDE‐THIONYL CHLORIDE SOLUTIONS FOR LITHIUM/THIONYL CHLORIDE BATTERY (1981)

Abstract Leitfähigkeits‐ und Viskositätsmessungen in Abhängigkeit von der Konzentration (IO"′‐2.0 M) zeigen, daß der Elektrolyt LiAlCl 4 in SOCI, stark assoziiert vorliegt und dadurch der Massentransport‐ und der Ladungsübertragungsprozeß während der Entladung einer Li/SOC12′ Batterie, besonders bei tiefen Temp., beeinflußt wird.
Joint Audio-Video Driven Facial Animation (2018)

Automatic facial animation is a research topic of broad and current interest with widespread impact on various applications. In this paper, we present a novel joint audio-video driven facial animation system. Unlike traditional methods, we incorporate a large vocabulary continuous speech recognition (LVCSR) system to obtain phoneme alignments. The use of LVCSR reduces the high error rate associated with the traditional phoneme recognizer. We also introduce a knowledge guided 3D blendshapes modeling for each phoneme to avoid collecting training data and introducing bias from computer vision generated targets. To further improve the quality, we adopt video tracking and jointly optimize the facial animation by combining both sources. In the evaluations, we present both objective study and several subjective studies on three settings: audio-driven, video-driven, and joint audio-video driven. We find that the quality of our proposed system's facial animation generation surpasses that of the recent state-of-the-art systems.
Boosting the Performance of FPGA-based Graph Processor using Hybrid Memory Cube (2017)

Large graph processing has gained great attention in recent years due to its broad applicability from machine learning to social science. Large real-world graphs, however, are inherently difficult to process efficiently, not only due to their large memory footprint, but also that most graph algorithms entail memory access patterns with poor locality and a low compute-to-memory access ratio. In this work, we leverage the exceptional random access performance of emerging Hybrid Memory Cube (HMC) technology that stacks multiple DRAM dies on top of a logic layer, combined with the flexibility and efficiency of FPGA to address these challenges. To our best knowledge, this is the first work that implements a graph processing system on a FPGA-HMC platform based on software/hardware co-design and co-optimization. We first present the modifications of algorithm and a platform-aware graph processing architecture to perform level-synchronized breadth first search (BFS) on FPGA-HMC platform. To gain better insights into the potential bottlenecks of proposed implementation, we develop an analytical performance model to quantitatively evaluate the HMC access latency and corresponding BFS performance. Based on the analysis, we propose a two-level bitmap scheme to further reduce memory access and perform optimization on key design parameters (e.g. memory access granularity). Finally, we evaluate the performance of our BFS implementation using the AC-510 development kit from Micron. We achieved 166 million edges traversed per second (MTEPS) using GRAPH500 benchmark on a random graph with a scale of 25 and an edge factor of 16, which significantly outperforms CPU and other FPGA-based large graph processors.
Early expression of triggering receptors and regulatory role of 2B4 in human natural killer cell precursors undergoing<i>in vitro</i>differentiation (2002)

In this study we analyzed the progression of cell surface receptor expression during the in vitro-induced human natural killer (NK) cell maturation from CD34(+) Lin(-) cell precursors. NKp46 and NKp30, two major triggering receptors that play a central role in natural cytotoxicity, were expressed before the HLA class I-specific inhibitory receptors. Moreover, their appearance at the cell surface correlated with the acquisition of cytolytic activity by developing NK cells. Although the early expression of triggering receptors may provide activating signals required for inducing further cell differentiation, it may also affect the self-tolerance of developing NK cells. Our data show that a fail-safe mechanism preventing killing of normal autologous cells may be provided by the 2B4 surface molecule, which, at early stages of NK cell differentiation, functions as an inhibitory rather than as an activating receptor.
Direct measurement of vorticity by optical probe (1981)

An optical method for the direct measurement of vorticity in liquid flows is described. At the present state of development it is capable of responding to vorticity fluctuations with a response time of about 1 msec and a spatial resolution of better than 50 μm. Small spherical particles suspended in the flow rotate with angular velocity accurately equal to half the local vorticity; thus measurements of the rotation rates of such particles indicate the vorticity. Transparent spherical particles of less than 50 μm diameter, each containing embedded planar crystal mirrors, have been developed for this purpose and are suspended in a refractive-index-matched liquid. Measurements of the times required for laser reflections from the mirrors to rotate through the small angle defined by a pair of slits yields the rotation rate, and thus the vorticity. Production and physical properties of the probe particles are reported. Theoretical capabilities and limitations of the method, including accuracy, spatial and temporal resolution, data rate, and background noise are calculated and found to be coupled to the optical geometry and flow field. Analysis yields procedures for selective optimization of each parameter as dictated by the particular application. Measurements of steady-state, laminar, two-dimensional Poiseuille flows demonstrate the effectiveness of the technique and confirm theoretical predictions.
Stroke-based time warping for signature verification (2002)

This paper presents a new technique for dynamic signature verification. A dynamic programming (DP) approach is used for function-based signature verification. Dynamic data such as pressure is treated as a function of positional data and therefore evaluated locally. Verification is based on strokes as the structural units of the signature. This global knowledge is fed into the verification procedure. The application of a 3D non-linear correlation of the signature signals uses the stroke index as the third DP index. In conjunction with the definition of a finite state automaton on the set of reference strokes the system can handle different stroke numbers, missing or additional strokes correctly. The correct alignment of matching strokes is determined simultaneously to the signature verification process; an additional alignment stage before the actual nonlinear correlation is obsolete.
Identification of c- <i>MYC</i> as a Target of the APC Pathway (1998)

The adenomatous polyposis coli gene (APC) is a tumor suppressor gene that is inactivated in most colorectal cancers. Mutations of APC cause aberrant accumulation of beta-catenin, which then binds T cell factor-4 (Tcf-4), causing increased transcriptional activation of unknown genes. Here, the c-MYC oncogene is identified as a target gene in this signaling pathway. Expression of c-MYC was shown to be repressed by wild-type APC and activated by beta-catenin, and these effects were mediated through Tcf-4 binding sites in the c-MYC promoter. These results provide a molecular framework for understanding the previously enigmatic overexpression of c-MYC in colorectal cancers.
High <i>iso</i> Aldehyde Selectivity in the Hydroformylation of Short‐Chain Alkenes (2018)

The hydroformylation of propene to give predominantly iso-butanal has been achieved; class-leading selectivity is possible even at higher temperatures that deliver fast conversion. Racemic rhodium complexes of bidentate phospholane phosphites derived from tropos-biphenols and unusual solvent systems are the key to the selectivity observed.
DEVICE AND PROCEDURE TO PARTITION THE PRESSURE GENERATED BY TRICUSPID REGURGITATION FROM THE LOWER ORGANS (2005)

Background. Severe Tricuspid valve regurgitation (TR), impacts patient’s life style. Surgical repair for patients reaching late stage carries a high mortality. A concept for a device to block retrograde pressure to the Inferior vena cava (IVC) and superior vena cava (SVC) and lower organs is presented. Experimental Methods. Moderate to severe TR was induced in 20 sheep by a jugular percutaneous approach severing the tricuspid valve chordal mass. Pressure was measured by means of Swanz-Ganz catheter. Following TR conditioning for 10 weeks, the animals were divided into: I) control, TR only (n=6); II) (n=6) Percutaneous placement of self-expanding valved stent in the IVC and; III) valved stents in both IVC and SVC (n=7). Descending and ascending venograms showed competency and patency of these devices respectively. End points of safety: no migration, no thrombosis and no dissection of the veins. End points of efficacy: containment of Right Heart pressure above the hepatic veins, function of the valve with the cardiac rhythm. Results: Preliminary results showed that the device met all the safety end points. Pressure measurements showed partiioning of pressure as compared with the control animals. While in normal animals IVC valve diameters averaged 18–20 mm, those with sustained TR averaged 24–26mm. For animals that also received SVC valved stents increase was approximately 2 mm from an initial 18 mm diameter. Conclusions: Deployment of valved stents can be done safely.