gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
New business models for the new media world (2007)

Purpose The authors perform market trend analysis and to examine the clash between new and traditional media and explore future industry competitive scenarios. Design/methodology/approach IBM conducted a comprehensive study that included interviews with leaders of media companies and an in‐depth analysis of the factors that are shaping the industry outlook. IBM conducted in‐person interviews with more than 75 senior media executives, industry analysts, economists and technology visionaries and also worked with the Economist Intelligence Unit to survey another 125 industry executives. Findings IBM sees four primary business models emerging – traditional media, walled communities, content hyper‐syndication and new platform aggregation. The research also found evidence of another developing conflict that it calls the media divide. It could pit partner against partner in a struggle for growth. Practical implications IBM proposes seven industry‐specific recommendations for incumbent media companies as they face the immediate threat from new entrants and eventual collisions with traditional partners: Deliver experiences, not just content. Leverage virtual worlds. Innovate business models. Invest in interactive, measurable advertising services and platforms. Redefine partnerships, while mitigating fallout. Shift investment from traditional business to new models. Create a flexible business design. Originality/value The article offers a combination of market evolution analysis, future market scenarios and recommendations for gaining first mover advantage.
Genetic origin of IgG antibodies cloned by phage display and anti-idiotypic panning from three patients with autoimmune thrombocytopenia (1998)

The beneficial use of intravenous immunoglobulins (IVIG) in certain groups of patients with autoimmune thrombocytopenic purpura (AITP) has been proven. AITP is a severe disease in children with a still unknown etiology. It is not clear how IVIG functions in this and other autoimmune diseases. To analyze and compare patient-derived monoclonal IgG antibodies that are bound by IVIG in an anti-idiotypic manner, the combinatorial antibody phage display system was applied. From three different patients with AITP, a large number of clones specifically reacting with IVIG molecules were enriched. The heavy and light chain variable regions were sequenced and compared with each other and with databases. Many variable regions showed extensive replacement mutations within the complementarity-determining regions, while two were identical to germ-line genes. Our data show that the most frequently used germ-line gene loci of these IVIG binders are identical to those observed for many other autoantibodies. This implicates a specific interaction of IVIG particularly with autoantibodies and B cell receptors derived from germ-line genes that are often used for the generation of autoantibodies.
Human Safety, Tolerability, and Pharmacokinetics of Molnupiravir, a Novel Broad-Spectrum Oral Antiviral Agent with Activity against SARS-CoV-2 (2021)

Molnupiravir, EIDD-2801/MK-4482, the prodrug of the active antiviral ribonucleoside analog ß-d-N4-hydroxycytidine (NHC; EIDD-1931), has activity against a number of RNA viruses including severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus, Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus, and seasonal and pandemic influenza viruses.Single and multiple doses of molnupiravir were evaluated in this first-in-human, phase 1, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study in healthy volunteers, which included evaluation of the effect of food on pharmacokinetics.EIDD-1931 appeared rapidly in plasma, with a median time of maximum observed concentration of 1.00 to 1.75 hours, and declined with a geometric half-life of approximately 1 hour, with a slower elimination phase apparent following multiple doses or higher single doses (7.1 hours at the highest dose tested). Mean maximum observed concentration and area under the concentration versus time curve increased in a dose-proportional manner, and there was no accumulation following multiple doses. When administered in a fed state, there was a decrease in the rate of absorption, but no decrease in overall exposure.Molnupiravir was well tolerated. Fewer than half of subjects reported an adverse event, the incidence of adverse events was higher following administration of placebo, and 93.3% of adverse events were mild. One discontinued early due to rash. There were no serious adverse events and there were no clinically significant findings in clinical laboratory, vital signs, or electrocardiography. Plasma exposures exceeded expected efficacious doses based on scaling from animal models; therefore, dose escalations were discontinued before a maximum tolerated dose was reached.
Adaptive multiple subtraction by statistical curvelet matching (2016)

In this paper, we present a novel algorithm that performs adaptive subtraction of a multiple model in the curvelet domain. The algorithm is based on the observation that the predicted model is an imperfect estimate of the actual multiples, containing two types of error: 1. a systematic error that manifests as an approximately constant phase and amplitude error within each subband and 2. a localized error that potentially varies from coefficient to coefficient. Adaptation of the model is automatically controlled by parameters provided by a statistical modelling step. Results show that the algorithm works well with different types of multiples and levels of noise. Presentation Date: Tuesday, October 18, 2016 Start Time: 1:00:00 PM Location: Lobby D/C Presentation Type: POSTER
Nanoparticle-coated microparticles: preparation and characterization (2004)

The objective of the present work was to design and prepare new nanoparticle-coated drug-loaded inorganic microparticles by spray-drying using diclofenac as drug model. Previous works presented the process to dry drug-loaded polymeric nanoparticles using silicon dioxide as adjuvant, otherwise in the present proposition the drug is associated with the silicon dioxide and unloaded polymeric nanocapsule or nanosphere suspensions were used as organic coating. Eudragit S100 was chosen because of its gastric resistance. The potential application of polymeric colloidal suspensions as nanocoating for microparticles were evaluated in terms of process yields, encapsulation efficiencies, morphologic analyses and in vitro drug release profiles in buffered media (pH 1.2; 5.0 and 7.4). The results showed the technological feasibility of preparing controlled nanoparticle-coated drug-loaded inorganic microparticles. When the diclofenac was employed as a hydrophilic model, in this salt form, the powders prepared in two steps (core previously prepared) showed an adequate gastroresistance by the use of Eudragit S100. The use of diclofenac as a hydrophobic model (acid form) conducted to powders presenting good gastroresistance when the nanocapsules and triacetin were employed.
Identification of melanin concentrating hormone (MCH) as the natural ligand for the orphan somatostatin‐like receptor 1 (SLC‐1) (1999)

To identify possible ligands of the orphan somatostatin-like receptor 1 (SLC-1), rat brain extracts were analyzed by using the functional expression system of Xenopus oocytes injected with cRNAs encoding SLC-1 and G protein-gated inwardly rectifying potassium channels (GIRK). A strong inward current was observed with crude rat brain extracts which upon further purification by cation exchange chromatography and high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) yielded two peptides with a high agonist activity. Mass spectrometry and partial peptide sequencing revealed that one peptide is identical with the neuropeptide melanin concentrating hormone (MCH), the other represents a truncated version of MCH lacking the three N-terminal amino acid residues. Xenopus oocytes expressing the MCH receptor responded to nM concentrations of synthetic MCH not only by the activation of GIRK-mediated currents but also by the induction of Ca(2+) dependent chloride currents mediated by phospholipase C. This indicates that the MCH receptor can couple either to the G(i)- or G(q)-mediated signal transduction pathway, suggesting that MCH may serve for a number of distinct brain functions including food uptake behavior.
Discospondylitis in swine. (1980)

Gross and microscopic lesions of discospondylitis in swine are described. Gross lesions were characterized by areas of destruction and cavitation involving intervertebral discs and adjacent structures. Microscopically, acute lesions had hemorrhage and necrosis with infiltration of granulocytes and mononuclear cells. In chronic cases intradiscal structures were replaced by vascular connective tissue which contained plasma cells and lymphocytes. These lesions were most frequently associated with chronic erysipelas polyarthritis.
Cell cycle-dependent regulation of p185neu: a relationship between disruption of this regulation and transformation. (1995)

Structure and function of p185neu receptor tyrosine kinase were found to be regulated in a cell cycle-dependent manner. In M phase, p185neu is hyperphosphorylated at serine and/or threonine residues. The phosphotyrosine [Tyr(P)] content of p185neu is at its highest level in G0/G1 phase, decreases through S and G2 phases, and reaches its lowest level in M phase. Phospholipase C-gamma (PLC-gamma) and GTPase-activating protein (GAP), substrates of p185neu, also have a similar profile of Tyr(P) content during the cell cycle. These results, along with in vitro immune complex kinase assays, suggest that the tyrosine kinase activity of p185neu is least active in M phase. Interestingly, the mutation-activated neu oncogene (neu*)-encoded protein product, p185neu* escaped from cell cycle regulation. Taken together, we demonstrate in this report that the structure and function of p185neu are regulated in a cell cycle-dependent manner, yet p185neu* escapes from this regulation and remains active through the cell cycle. Disruption of this cell cycle regulation may define a mechanism for p185neu*-mediated cellular transformation.
Trusted Computing Dynamic Attestation by Using Static Analysis Based Behavior Model (2011)

Current technology of trusted computing can not comply with the requirement of trusted behavior. One method for trusted computing dynamic attestation was proposed in this paper. This method uses the behavior model based on static analysis of binary code. One same source code may have several different binary versions, this paper proposed one method of building almost the same core function model for different binary versions. This paper also overcame the difficulty that some dynamic behaviors can not be obtained by static analysis. The paper also gave out some solutions of dynamic attestation for some complex programs, such as recursion program, library link program and multi threads program.
Convolutional Normalizing Flows (2017)

Bayesian posterior inference is prevalent in various machine learning problems. Variational inference provides one way to approximate the posterior distribution, however its expressive power is limited and so is the accuracy of resulting approximation. Recently, there has a trend of using neural networks to approximate the variational posterior distribution due to the flexibility of neural network architecture. One way to construct flexible variational distribution is to warp a simple density into a complex by normalizing flows, where the resulting density can be analytically evaluated. However, there is a trade-off between the flexibility of normalizing flow and computation cost for efficient transformation. In this paper, we propose a simple yet effective architecture of normalizing flows, ConvFlow, based on convolution over the dimensions of random input vector. Experiments on synthetic and real world posterior inference problems demonstrate the effectiveness and efficiency of the proposed method.
An Aspect Language for Robust Programming (1999)

this paper because robustness is particularly important in this #eld. The robustness aspect should be extended to be able to express directives on the other data types. If booleans are a trivial extension, a proper treatmentofpointer-based data structures implies the integration of an alias #or points-to# analysis. Second, we are investigating the application of the generic framework to other aspects, in particular a debugging and a security aspect. The former should allow the de#nition of debugging properties such as #trace the value of variable x in procedure p as soon as y becomes null&quot;. A #rst approach to the latter is the integration of resource-based securityschemes such as #deny access to I#O port 123 from processes belonging to process group pg&quot;.
Esters of Indole-3-Acetic Acid from <i>Avena</i> Seeds (1976)

The present studies showed that about 80% of the indole-3-acetic acid extractable from Avena kernels by aqueous acetone was esterified to polymers precipitable by ammonium sulfate and ethanol or acetone. The polymers were positively charged, being adsorbed to cation exchange columns at a pH of 3, or below, and eluted at a pH greater than 4. The polymers were heterogeneous with respect to size, about 5,000 to 20,000 daltons, and charge, exhibiting apparent pK(a) values of 4.2 and 4.7. The polymer fractions contained esterified IAA, anthrone-reactive material that liberated glucose upon acid hydrolysis, phenolic compounds, and peptidic material with a high proportion of hydrophobic amino acids. Since the esterified IAA was unstable, establishing polymer purity was not possible, and the designation IAA-glucoprotein fraction was adopted.Dehusked Avena kernels contained 8 mg/kg total IAA of which 5.5% was free and 94.5% esterified. IAA bound through a peptidic linkage was present, but in only trace amounts.
PrEP Indications and PrEP Knowledge, Access, and Interest Among Individuals With HCV (2022)

Though indications for PrEP were prevalent among individuals with HCV in this cohort, most patients were unaware of PrEP, had never been offered PrEP, and were not using PrEP. These data support the need for improved PrEP implementation among people with HCV.
Isolation of Human Blood Progenitor and Stem Cells from Peripheral Blood by Magnetic Bead (2012)

The antigen CD34 is a well-known marker present on human progenitor and stem cells. This protocol explains the isolation of CD34+ cells from peripheral blood using magnetic bead separation technique. The approximate abundance of CD34+ cells in blood is 0.1% of mononuclear cells.
Self-Assembly of Prevascular Tissues from Endothelial and Fibroblast Cells Under Scaffold-Free, Nonadherent Conditions (2014)

To advance the emerging field of bioengineered prevascularized tissues, we investigated factors that control primary vascular network formation in scaffold-free, high-density cell suspension-derived tissues. Fabricating primary vascular networks in a scaffold-free system requires endothelial cells (ECs) and extracellular matrix (ECM)-producing cells that act together to elaborate a permissive matrix. We report findings on the effects to vascular patterning induced by altering the ratio of human endothelial to human fibroblast cells. Analysis revealed that a 1:4 ratio of ECs to fibroblasts resulted in the synthesis of an ECM permissive for organization of primary vascular networks that recapitulated the pattern of primary vascular networks observed in vivo. Importantly this work highlighted the significance of tension in the organization of vascular networks in prevascularized tissues. To our knowledge our in vitro studies are the first to demonstrate the formation of two distinct vascular patterns in an initially homogenous culture system. Specifically, we demonstrate that within our constructs, vascular networks formed with distinct directional orientations that reflect self-assembly-mediated tension. Further, our studies demonstrate that treatment of prevascularized tissues with matrix-promoting factors such as transforming growth factor beta 1 (TGFβ1) increases tissue strength without altering vascular network patterning. Together, the ability to generate prevascularized tissues from human cells in scaffold-free systems and the ability to enhance the strength of the constructs with matrix-promoting factors represent advances to the potential translational utility of prevascularized tissues both as subcutaneous implants and in surgical scenarios requiring the application of tension to the tissue construct.
Rule-based query optimization in IRIS (1989)

In this paper we present the design and initial performance results of a rule-based query optimizer used in Iris, an object-oriented database system [3]. Query optimization methods are expressed as rules and the entire query process is carried out in a way analogous to the operation of production systems in AI. Two kinds of rules are used: the first kind transform a query, represented as a relational algebra expression, into an equivalent, but simpler, query; the second kind add information to the relational algebra representation to specify join order and data access methods. Preliminary results show that the speed of the query optimizer and the performance of the execution plans generated are comparable to those in a traditional relational database system.
StructBERT: Incorporating Language Structures into Pre-training for Deep Language Understanding (2019)

Recently, the pre-trained language model, BERT (and its robustly optimized version RoBERTa), has attracted a lot of attention in natural language understanding (NLU), and achieved state-of-the-art accuracy in various NLU tasks, such as sentiment classification, natural language inference, semantic textual similarity and question answering. Inspired by the linearization exploration work of Elman [8], we extend BERT to a new model, StructBERT, by incorporating language structures into pre-training. Specifically, we pre-train StructBERT with two auxiliary tasks to make the most of the sequential order of words and sentences, which leverage language structures at the word and sentence levels, respectively. As a result, the new model is adapted to different levels of language understanding required by downstream tasks. The StructBERT with structural pre-training gives surprisingly good empirical results on a variety of downstream tasks, including pushing the state-of-the-art on the GLUE benchmark to 89.0 (outperforming all published models), the F1 score on SQuAD v1.1 question answering to 93.0, the accuracy on SNLI to 91.7.
7‐Aryl‐7‐deazaadenine 2′‐Deoxyribonucleoside Triphosphates (dNTPs): Better Substrates for DNA Polymerases than dATP in Competitive Incorporations (2014)

A series of 7-substituted 7-deazaadenine and 5-substituted cytosine 2'-deoxyribonucleoside triphosphates (dNTPs) were tested for their competitive incorporations (in the presence of dATP and dCTP) into DNA by several DNA polymerases by using analysis based on cleavage by restriction endonucleases. 7-Aryl-7-deazaadenine dNTPs were more efficient substrates than dATP because of their higher affinity for the active site of the enzyme, as proved by kinetic measurements and calculations.
Development and evaluation of thymoquinone-encapsulated chitosan nanoparticles for nose-to-brain targeting: a pharmacoscintigraphic study (2012)

Chitosan (CS) nanoparticles of thymoquinone (TQ) were prepared by the ionic gelation method and are characterized on the basis of surface morphology, in vitro or ex vivo release, dynamic light scattering, and X-ray diffractometry (XRD) studies. Dynamic laser light scattering and transmission electron microscopy confirmed the particle diameter was between 150 to 200 nm. The results showed that the particle size of the formulation was significantly affected by the drug:CS ratio, whereas it was least significantly affected by the tripolyphosphate:CS ratio. The entrapment efficiency and loading capacity of TQ was found to be 63.3% ± 3.5% and 31.23% ± 3.14%, respectively. The drug-entrapment efficiency and drug-loading capacity of the nanoparticles appears to be inversely proportional to the drug:CS ratio. An XRD study proves that TQ dispersed in the nanoparticles changes its form from crystalline to amorphous. This was further confirmed by differential scanning calorimetry thermography. The flat thermogram of the nanoparticle data indicated that TQ formed a molecular dispersion within the nanoparticles. Optimized nanoparticles were evaluated further with the help of scintigraphy imaging, which ascertains the uptake of drug into the brain. Based on maximum concentration, time-to-maximum concentration, area-under-curve over 24 hours, and elimination rate constant, intranasal TQ-loaded nanoparticles (TQ-NP1) proved more effective in brain targeting compared to intravenous and intranasal TQ solution. The high drug-targeting potential and efficiency demonstrates the significant role of the mucoadhesive properties of TQ-NP1.
Frataxin deficiency in pancreatic islets causes diabetes due to loss of β cell mass (2003)

Diabetes is caused by an absolute (type 1) or relative (type 2) deficiency of insulin-producing beta cells. We have disrupted expression of the mitochondrial protein frataxin selectively in pancreatic beta cells. Mice were born healthy but subsequently developed impaired glucose tolerance progressing to overt diabetes mellitus. These observations were explained by impairment of insulin secretion due to a loss of beta cell mass in knockout animals. This phenotype was preceded by elevated levels of reactive oxygen species in knockout islets, an increased frequency of apoptosis, and a decreased number of proliferating beta cells. Hence, disruption of the frataxin gene in pancreatic beta cells causes diabetes following cellular growth arrest and apoptosis, paralleled by an increase in reactive oxygen species in islets. These observations might provide insight into the deterioration of beta cell function observed in different subtypes of diabetes in humans.
NLRC4 Inflammasome-Driven Immunogenicity of a Recombinant MVA Mucosal Vaccine Encoding Flagellin (2018)

Bacterial flagellin enhances innate and adaptive immune responses and is considered a promising adjuvant for the development of vaccines against infectious diseases and cancer. Antigen-presenting cells recognize flagellin with the extracellular TLR5 and the intracellular NLRC4 inflammasome-mediated pathway. The detailed cooperation of these innate pathways in the induction of the adaptive immune response following intranasal (<i>i.n</i>.) administration of a recombinant modified vaccinia virus Ankara (rMVA) vaccine encoding flagellin (rMVA-flagellin) is not known. rMVA-flagellin induced enhanced secretion of mucosal IL-1β and TNF-α resulting in elevated CTL and IgG2c antibody responses. Importantly, mucosal IgA responses were also significantly enhanced in both bronchoalveolar (BAL) and intestinal lavages accompanied by the increased migration of CD8<sup>+</sup> T cells to the mesenteric lymph nodes (MLN). <i>Nlrc4<sup>-/-</sup></i> rMVA-flagellin-immunized mice failed to enhance pulmonary CTL responses, IgG2c was lower, and IgA levels in the BAL or intestinal lavages were similar as those of control mice. Our results show the favorable adjuvant effect of rMVA-flagellin in the lung as well as the intestinal mucosa following <i>i.n</i>. administration with NLRC4 as the essential driver of this promising mucosal vaccine concept.