gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Morphine Pharmacokinetics in Early Infancy (1987)

The pharmacokinetics of morphine in ten infants less than or equal to 10 weeks of age who were receiving morphine infusions were determined. Infants 1-4 days of age (newborns) showed longer elimination half-lives than the older infants (6.8 vs. 3.9 h). Clearance in the newborns is less than one-half that found in older infants (6.3 vs. 23.8 ml X min-1 X kg-1). The combination of lower clearance and longer elimination half-life in newborns (0-7 days) may well explain a prolonged duration of action for morphine in very young infants, but other etiologies are needed to explain the respiratory sensitivity believed to persist in older infants.
Catalytic Hydroxylation of Olefins by Polymer-Bound Osmium Tetroxide (1989)

Osmium tetroxide, linked to insoluble crosslinked polymers and copolymers bearing tertiary amino functions, has been used in the presence of secondary oxidants, such as hydrogen peroxide, tert-butyl hydroperoxide and trimethylamine N-oxide, to accomplish the catalytic hydroxylation of olefins. The polymeric reagent offers the advantages of easy and safe handling, and simple separation from the reaction medium. Generally good yields of vicinal diols have been obtained.
FPGA mapping of sequential circuits with retiming (2002)

Constructive and iterative steps of FPGA mapping algorithms for sequential circuits are enhanced by retiming technique and fuzzy logic. Multiple criteria measured for design data are connected by a hierarchical structure of fuzzy logic rules for decision making. The discussed mapper outperforms commercial tools in both area and timing for substantial set of MCNC benchmarks.
Dual Regulation of Fbw7 Function and Oncogenic Transformation by Usp28 (2014)

Fbw7, the substrate recognition subunit of SCF(Fbw7) ubiquitin ligase, mediates the turnover of multiple proto-oncoproteins and promotes its own degradation. Fbw7-dependent substrate ubiquitination is antagonized by the Usp28 deubiquitinase. Here, we show that Usp28 preferentially antagonizes autocatalytic ubiquitination and stabilizes Fbw7, resulting in dose-dependent effects in Usp28 knockout mice. Monoallelic deletion of Usp28 maintains stable Fbw7 but drives Fbw7 substrate degradation. In contrast, complete knockout triggers Fbw7 degradation and leads to the accumulation of Fbw7 substrates in several tissues and embryonic fibroblasts. On the other hand, overexpression of Usp28 stabilizes both Fbw7 and its substrates. Consequently, both complete loss and ectopic expression of Usp28 promote Ras-driven oncogenic transformation. We propose that dual regulation of Fbw7 activity by Usp28 is a safeguard mechanism for maintaining physiological levels of proto-oncogenic Fbw7 substrates, which is equivalently disrupted by loss or overexpression of Usp28.
Exploiting Image-trained CNN Architectures for Unconstrained Video Classification (2015)

We conduct an in-depth exploration of different strategies for doing event detection in videos using convolutional neural networks (CNNs) trained for image classification. We study different ways of performing spatial and temporal pooling, feature normalization, choice of CNN layers as well as choice of classifiers. Making judicious choices along these dimensions led to a very significant increase in performance over more naive approaches that have been used till now. We evaluate our approach on the challenging TRECVID MED'14 dataset with two popular CNN architectures pretrained on ImageNet. On this MED'14 dataset, our methods, based entirely on image-trained CNN features, can outperform several state-of-the-art non-CNN models. Our proposed late fusion of CNN- and motion-based features can further increase the mean average precision (mAP) on MED'14 from 34.95% to 38.74%. The fusion approach achieves the state-of-the-art classification performance on the challenging UCF-101 dataset.
Fast detection of retail fraud using polar touch buttons (2009)

Video analytics have recently emerged as a promising technique of retail fraud detection for loss prevention. Efficient video analytic algorithms are highly desired for a practical fraud detection system. In this paper, we present a real-time algorithm for recognizing a cashier's actions at the point of sale (POS), which can be further used to analyze cashier behaviors for identifying fraudulent incidents. The algorithm uses a set of simple but effective features derived from a global representation of motion energy called polar motion map (PMM). These features capture the motion patterns exhibited in a cashier's actions as a focused beam of motion energy, characterizing the actions as the extension and retraction movement of the cashier's arm with respect to a prespecified region. Our algorithm demonstrates comparable accuracy against one of the state-of-the-art event recognition techniques while running significantly faster.
Effects of cultivation of preceding plants on the development of Fusarium wilt of cucumber and daikon (2003)

Abstract The effects of the cultivation of preceding plants on the inhibition of Fusarium wilts, vessel diseases of cucumber (Cucumis sativus) caused by Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cucumerinum (FOC) and yellows of daikon (Raphanus sativus var. longipinnatus) caused by F. oxysporum f. sp. raphani (FOR), were examined. When the cucumber or daikon plant was cultivated as a succeeding plant in the pots where the soils had been inoculated with a spore suspension of FOe or FOR and then various preceding plants had been cultivated, the percentage of disease of the succeeding plants was lower in some plots than in the control plot without preceding plants. Spinach (Spinacia oleracea, cv. Atlas) and burdock (Arctium lappa, cv. Takinogawa) inhibited significantly the vessel disease caused by FOe. Thrnip (Brassica rapa, Parental Line Nou No.1) and spinach (S. oleracea, cv. Try) suppressed the yellows caused by FOR. When the number of FOC or FOR was estimated by the recovery using Komada med.ium and by testing their pathogenicity to the host plant, cucumber or daikon, the numbers of both were not reduced in the plots even where these plants had been cultivated initially. The soil extract from the pots, where preceding plants had been cultivated, did not affect the conidia of FOC and FOR. In both FOC and FOR experiments, the cultivation of preceding plants increased the number of bacteria in soil. Additionally, in the FOR experiment, preceding plants, turnip and spinach, increased the number of F. oxysporum (FOX) except for FOR and decreased the proportion of FOR to FOX. It was suggested that these preceding plants might affect the pathogens of Fusarium wilt indirectly by the changes in the numbers and flora of soil microorganisms. Key Words: Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cucumerinum Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. raphani preceding plant
Algorithmic mapping of neural network models onto parallel SIMD machines (1991)

Implementations of neural networks on programmable massively parallel computers are addressed. The methods are based on a graph theoretic approach and are applicable to a large class of networks in which the computations can be described by means of matrix and vector operations. A detailed characterization of the target machine is provided. Two mappings are presented. The first is designed for a processor array consisting of a very large number of small processing units. The neurons and the nonzero synaptic weights are assigned to the processors in a predetermined order, one per processor. The data transfers between processors containing neurons and weights are implemented using a novel routing algorithm. The second mapping is designed for the data array of size N*N and a smaller processor array of size P*P, P<<N, i.e., it addresses the partitioned case. These mappings are applicable to most of the mesh-connected single-instruction-multiple-data (SIMD) machines.<<ETX>>
Influence of Ion Solvation on the Properties of Electrolyte Solutions (2018)

It is widely appreciated that the addition of salts to water leads to significant changes in the thermodynamic and dynamic properties of these aqueous solutions that have great significance in biology and manufacturing applications. However, no theoretical framework currently exists that describes these property changes in an internally consistent fashion. In previous work, we developed a coarse-grained model of electrolyte solutions capable of reproducing basic trends on how salts influence the viscosity and water diffusion coefficient. The present work explores the predictions of this model for basic thermodynamic properties of electrolyte solutions, namely, the density, isothermal compressibility, and surface tension. On the basis of our model, we find that ion-specific effects on thermodynamics properties, and by extension the dynamics of electrolyte solutions, derive primarily from ion solvation.
The economic and clinical burden of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease in the United States and Europe (2016)

The analysis quantifies the enormity of the clinical and economic burdens of NAFLD, which will likely increase as the incidence of NAFLD continues to rise. (Hepatology 2016;64:1577-1586).
Lateral Force Modulation Atomic Force Microscopy of Langmuir-Blodgett Film in Water (1996)

The mechanical properties of a Langmuir-Blodgett (LB) film in water were investigated using an atomic force microscope with lateral force modulation. During the force curve measurement, the dynamic friction force is measured by observing the amplitude and phase of the cantilever torsion vibration, as the sample is deformed by a tip with gradually increasing normal force. In contrast to conventional friction force microscopy, the friction measurement is performed without x – y scanning, and therefore is in real time. This method was applied to a LB film consisting of an arachidic acid (AA) single layer on top of a single layer of partially fluorinated ether of carboxylic acid (PFECA), and interesting results were obtained. In particular, the film was found to be stable for a short period (<120 min) and the structure and ratio of the friction forces between the AA and PFECA areas are identical with those observed in air. Moreover, a friction force transition was observed at a normal force of around 14 nN on loading and an almost reversible decrease was observed on unloading. This result indicates penetration of the AA film by the tip and recovery of the penetrated hole on unloading.
Dietary Monounsaturated Fat in Early Life Regulates IGFBP2: Implications for Fat Mass Accretion and Insulin Sensitivity (2011)

The aim of this study was to investigate effects of dietary supplementation with fat or sugar on body composition (BC) and insulin sensitivity (IS) in maturing pigs. Fifty newborn pigs randomized to a control diet or 18% saturated fat (SF), 18% monounsaturated fat (MUF), 18% mixed fat (MF), or 50% sucrose (SUC), from 1 to 16 weeks of age. Outcomes included weight gain, BC (dual energy X-ray absorptiometry, DXA), IS (fasting insulin and hyperinsulinaemic-euglycaemic clamps), fasting Non-Esterified Fatty Acid (NEFA) concentrations, and mRNA expression of genes involved in lipogenesis and IS in skeletal muscle (SM), subcutaneous (SAT), and visceral adipose tissue (VAT). In vitro studies examined direct effects of fatty acids on insulin-like growth factor-binding protein 2 (IGFBP2) mRNA in C2C12 myotubes. While SUC-fed pigs gained most weight (due to larger quantities consumed; P < 0.01), those fed fat-enriched diets exhibited more weight gain per unit energy intake (P < 0.001). Total (P = 0.03) and visceral (P = 0.04) adiposity were greatest in MUF-fed pigs. Whole-body IS was decreased in those fed fat (P = 0.04), with fasting insulin increased in MUF-fed pigs (P = 0.03). SM IGFBP2 mRNA was increased in MUF-fed pigs (P = 0.009) and, in all animals, SM IGFBP2 mRNA correlated with total (P = 0.007) and visceral (P = 0.001) fat, fasting insulin (r = 0.321; P = 0.03) and change in NEFA concentrations (r = 0.285; P = 0.047). Furthermore, exposure of in vitro cultured myotubes to MUF, but not SF, reduced IGFBP2 mRNA suggesting a converse direct effect. In conclusion, diets high in fat, but not sugar, promote visceral adiposity and insulin resistance in maturing pigs, with evidence that fatty acids have direct and indirect effects on IGFBP2 mRNA expression in muscle.
Microwave-Induced Plasma Desorption/Ionization Source for Ambient Mass Spectrometry (2013)

A new ionization source based on microwave induced plasma was developed for ambient desorption/ionization. The microwave-induced plasma desorption/ionization source (MIPDI) was composed of a copper Surfatron microwave cavity where a fused-silica tube was centered axially. Stable nonlocal thermodynamic equilibrium plasma was generated in the quartz discharge tube when a microwave at a frequency of 2450 MHz was coupled to the microwave cavity. Analytes deposited on the surface of poly(tetrafluoroethylene) (PTFE) or quartz slide after hydrofluoric acid (HF) etching were desorbed and ionized by the plasma. The performance of the MIPDI technique was validated by the analysis of a variety of chemical substances, polymer compounds, and pharmaceutical drugs using argon or helium as the discharge gas. Protonated [M + H](+) or deprotonated [M - H](-) ions were observed in the positive or negative mode. MIPDI was also used for the analysis of compounds in a complex matrix without any sample preparation. MIPDI was also capable of analyzing liquid samples. The signal-to-noise ratio was 463 in the analysis of 9.2 ng of phenylalanine, and the limit of detection was 60 pg for phenylalanine. MIPDI could desorb and ionize analytes with a molecular weight of up to 1200, which was demonstrated by the analysis of polyethylene glycol 800 (PEG800). MIPDI has advantages of simple instrumentation, relatively high temperature, stability, and reproducibility.
Errors and error control (1972)

In this paper the nature of errors on telephone data communications channels and the basic techniques for dealing with these errors are discussed. Results of measurements recently taken on dialed connections are reviewed, and it is observed that conventional random-error- or burst-error-correcting codes cannot assure reliable communication on these channels. More generally, it is shown qualitatively that automatic-repeat-request (ARQ) systems are inherently better suited to the task than forward-error-control (FEC) systems. The throughput, or effective data rate, of ARQ systems is discussed, and two basic types of ARQ systems, stop-and-wait and continuous, are compared. It is concluded that with the more common stop-and-wait system, the throughput is unsatisfactory in applications involving high transmission rates and/or long propagation delays. A brief summary of error-correcting codes suitable for use on telephone channels (when a return channel is not available for ARQ) is included. Finally, hybrid schemes where FEC systems are embedded within ARQ systems are briefly discussed.
Information Extraction From Sound for Medical Telemonitoring (2006)

Today, the growth of the aging population in Europe needs an increasing number of health care professionals and facilities for aged persons. Medical telemonitoring at home (and, more generally, telemedicine) improves the patient's comfort and reduces hospitalization costs. Using sound surveillance as an alternative solution to video telemonitoring, this paper deals with the detection and classification of alarming sounds in a noisy environment. The proposed sound analysis system can detect distress or everyday sounds everywhere in the monitored apartment, and is connected to classical medical telemonitoring sensors through a data fusion process. The sound analysis system is divided in two stages: sound detection and classification. The first analysis stage (sound detection) must extract significant sounds from a continuous signal flow. A new detection algorithm based on discrete wavelet transform is proposed in this paper, which leads to accurate results when applied to nonstationary signals (such as impulsive sounds). The algorithm presented in this paper was evaluated in a noisy environment and is favorably compared to the state of the art algorithms in the field. The second stage of the system is sound classification, which uses a statistical approach to identify unknown sounds. A statistical study was done to find out the most discriminant acoustical parameters in the input of the classification module. New wavelet based parameters, better adapted to noise, are proposed in this paper. The telemonitoring system validation is presented through various real and simulated test sets. The global sound based system leads to a 3% missed alarm rate and could be fused with other medical sensors to improve performance.
CVD Synthesis of Supported Molybdenum Carbide Catalyst and its Catalytic Activity for CO2 Hydrogenation. (1995)

MoCl5-H2-C6H6系の減圧縦型熱CVD法により, 成膜温度500～800℃, 全圧 0.07 ～0.21kPaで石英基板上およびアルミナペレット上でモリブデン炭化物を合成した.石英基板上では, 成膜温度500～600℃でアモルファスなモリブデン炭化物が生成し, 700℃ 以上で結晶性のη-Mo3C2が生成した.全圧0.07kPa以下の実験ではミクロトレンチ上でステップカバレッジの良い膜が得られた.この条件でアルミナペレットに対してモリブデン炭化物を推積させた.常圧, 400℃におけるCO2の水素化反応に対して, CVD調製したアルミナ担持モリブデン炭化触媒はモリブデン担持量当たりで, 含浸法により調製した炭化触媒の3倍, 還元触媒の15倍の活性を示した.また, 反応の主生成物はCOとH2OでありCOへの選択率は99%以上であった.
Poly(vinyl alcohol) Rehydratable Photonic Crystal Sensor Materials (2008)

We developed a new photonic crystal hydrogel material based on the biocompatible polymer poly (vinyl alcohol) (PVA), which can be reversibly dehydrated and rehydrated, without the use of additional fillers, while retaining the diffraction and swelling properties of polymerized crystalline colloidal arrays (PCCA). This chemically modified PVA hydrogel photonic crystal efficiently diffracts light from the embedded crystalline colloidal array. This diffraction optically reports on volume changes occurring in the hydrogel by shifts in the wavelength of the diffracted light. We fabricated a pH sensor, which demonstrates a 350 nm wavelength shift between pH values of 3.3 and 8.5. We have also fabricated a Pb(+2) sensor, in which pendant crown ether groups bind lead ions. Immobilization of the ions within the hydrogel increases the osmotic pressure due to the formation of a Donnan potential, swelling the hydrogel and shifting the observed diffraction in proportion to the concentration of bound ions. The sensing responses of rehydrated PVA pH and Pb(+2) sensors were similar to that before drying. This reversibility of rehydration enables storage of these hydrogel photonic crystal sensors in the dry state, which makes them much more useful for commercial applications.
Comparison of Li‐ion battery equivalent circuit modelling using impedance analyzer and Bayesian networks (2018)

An energy storage system simulation requires a battery model capable of precisely predicting the dynamic behaviour and I – V characteristics. An equivalent circuit model (ECM) of a battery generates an electric circuit able to replicate complicated battery characteristics. Combination of time domain and frequency domain tests can be utilised to parameterise ECM components properly. The goal of this study is to discuss two systematic approaches to decide the ECM parameters, which can be replicated on any battery technology. Time and frequency domain testing are carried out on a commercial electric bicycle Li‐ion battery composed of Samsung ICR18650–22P. Then, impedance analyzer approach and Bayesian network method are applied to estimate the ECM circuit elements with different circuit topologies. The models were developed in MATLAB/Simulink environment. A highly dynamic drive cycle based on the E‐bike was utilised to validate the ECMs through hardware‐in‐loop testing.
Systematic Synthesis of Inhibitors of the Two First Enzymes of the Bacterial Heptose Biosynthetic Pathway: Towards Antivirulence Molecules Targeting Lipopolysaccharide Biosynthesis (2011)

L-Heptoses (L-glycero-D-manno-heptopyranoses) are constituents of the inner core of lipolysaccharide (LPS), a molecule playing key roles in the mortality of many infectious diseases as well as in the virulence of many human pathogens. The inhibition of the first enzymes of the bacterial heptose biosynthetic pathway is an almost unexplored field to date although it appears to be a very novel way for the development of antivirulence drugs. We report the synthesis of a series of D-glycero-D-manno-heptopyranose 7-phosphate (H7P) analogues and their inhibition properties against the isomerase GmhA and the the kinase HldE, the two first enzymes of the bacterial heptose biosynthetic pathway. The heptose structures have been modified at the 1-, 2-, 6- and 7-positions to probe the importance of the key structural features of H7P that allow a tight binding to the target enzymes; H7P being the product of GmhA and the substrate of HldE, the second objective was to find structures that could simultaneously inhibit both enzymes. We found that GmhA and HldE were extremely sensitive to structural modifications at the 6- and 7- positions of the heptose scaffold. To our surprise, the epimeric analogue of H7P displaying a D-glucopyranose configuration was found to be the best inhibitor of both enzymes but also the only molecule of this series that could inhibit GmhA (IC(50)=34 μM) and HldE (IC(50)=9.4 μM) in the low micromolar range. Noteworthy, this study describes the first inhibitors of GmhA ever reported, and paves the way to the design of a second generation of molecules targeting the bacterial virulence.
Language intent models for inferring user browsing behavior (2012)

Modeling user browsing behavior is an active research area with tangible real-world applications, e.g., organizations can adapt their online presence to their visitors browsing behavior with positive effects in user engagement, and revenue. We concentrate on online news agents, and present a semi-supervised method for predicting news articles that a user will visit after reading an initial article. Our method tackles the problem using language intent models trained on historical data which can cope with unseen articles. We evaluate our method on a large set of articles and in several experimental settings. Our results demonstrate the utility of language intent models for predicting user browsing behavior within online news sites.
Human endogenous retrovirus K10 encodes a functional integrase (1996)

We cloned a human endogenous retrovirus K1O DNA fragment encoding integrase and expressed it as a fusion protein with Escherichia coli maltose-binding protein. Integrase activities were measured in vitro by using a double-stranded oligonucleotide as a substrate mimicking viral long terminal repeats (LTR). The fusion protein was highly active for both terminal cleavage and strand transfer in the presence of Mn2+ on the K1O LTR substrate. It was also active on both Rous sarcoma virus and human immunodeficiency virus type 1 LTR substrates, whereas Rous sarcoma virus and human immunodeficiency virus type 1 integrases were active only on their corresponding LTR substrates. The results strongly suggest that K1O encodes a functional integrase with relaxed substrate specificity.
Space nuclear power system and the design of the nuclear electric propulsion OTV (1984)

Payload increases of three to five times that of the Shuttle/Centaur can be achieved using nuclear electric propulsion. Various nuclear power plant options being pursued by the SP-100 Program are described. These concepts can grow from 100 kW/sub e/ to 1MW/sub e/ output. Spacecraft design aspects are addressed, including thermal interactions, plume interactions, and radiation fluences. A baseline configuration is described accounting for these issues. Safety aspects of starting the OTV transfer from an altitude of 300 km indicate no significant additional risk to the biosphere.