gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Hybrid anthracycline antibiotics: production of new anthracyclines by cloned genes from Streptomyces purpurascens in Streptomyces galilaeus (1994)

A DNA segment cloned from Streptomyces purpurascens ATCC 25489 close to a region that hybridized to a probe containing part of the actinorhodin polyketide synthase caused S. galilaeus ATCC 31615 to produce new anthracyclines. When transformed with certain sub-clones of this segment, the host produced glycosides of epsilon-rhodomycinone, beta-rhodomycinone, 10-demethoxycarbonylaklavinone and 11-deoxy-beta-rhodomycinone in addition to those of aklavinone, the natural anthracyclines of S. galilaeus. The first two compounds are S. purpurascens products and the other two are novel compounds that conceptually are structural hybrids between S. galilaeus and S. purpurascens products. Three glycosides of one of the novel aglycones, 11-deoxy-beta-rhodomycinone, were purified and found to possess cytotoxic activity against L1210 mouse leukaemia cells. Separate regions of the cloned S. purpurascens DNA are responsible for modification of the S. galilaeus host product at the 10- and 11-positions.
Fault Management Based on Systems Description as Directed Graph With Absolute Dependence Relations (2019)

A new systems description method that utilizes graph theory for systems modeling is presented. The new method represents the system in terms of a directed graph, where each system component is represented by a vertex and dependencies between system components are represented by directed edges, also called arcs. The absolute dependence rule is introduced as the criterion for the analysis of a system into the graph representation. Together with the concept of an elementary component of a system, the proposed systems description method is applicable to a wide variety of systems for fault diagnosis, reliability engineering, and other system modeling and system architecture design purposes. The application of the new method for fault diagnosis is demonstrated in this paper by developing a novel fault management algorithm, and connections with several other systems description methods are presented.
Comparison of Tuberculin Skin Test and New Specific Blood Test in Tuberculosis Contacts (2004)

The tuberculin skin test used to detect latent Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection has many drawbacks, and a new diagnostic test for latent tuberculosis (QuantiFERON-TB [QTF-TB]) has recently been introduced. This test measures the production of IFN-gamma in whole blood upon stimulation with purified protein derivative (PPD). The QTF-TB test addresses the operational problems with the tuberculin skin test, but, as the test is based on PPD, it still has a low specificity in populations vaccinated with the Bacille Calmette-Guérin (BCG) vaccine. We have modified the test to include the antigens ESAT-6 and CFP-10, which are not present in BCG vaccine strains or the vast majority of nontuberculous mycobacteria. This test was used to detect infection in contacts in a tuberculosis outbreak at a Danish high school. The majority of the contacts were BCG-unvaccinated, which allowed a direct comparison of the skin test and the novel blood test in individuals whose skin test was not confounded by vaccination. An excellent agreement between the two tests was found (94%, kappa value 0.866), and in contrast to the blood test based on PPD, the novel blood test was not influenced by the vaccination status of the subjects tested.
A transmission architecture with scramble selection for improving cell-edge performance and reducing PAPR in multi-cell MBMS (2009)

To solve the cell-edge problem (deep and flat fading for long time) of multi-cell MBMS in SFN and reduce PAPR in OFDM systems simultaneously, a novel transmission architecture is proposed. Grid scrambling diversity scheme is adopted in the architecture to increase time and frequency diversity. Several grid scramblers are used and the time domain signal with smallest PAPR is selected for transmission. Some simulation results are provided to demonstrate the efficacy of the proposed architecture.
Novel Technique for Radiation Measurements: Fluorescent Nuclear Track Detectors (2005)

A new optical, non-destructive method of detecting and imaging single heavy charged particles using a fluorescent crystal is described. The new tool is intended for radiobiology, space radiation dosimetry and for personnel monitoring of neutron doses. The technique combines a new luminescent aluminum oxide single crystal with confocal fluorescent detection. 3D imaging of individual tracks allows for measuring ion range and angle of incidence. Spectroscopic capabilities of a new method were demonstrated. New aluminum oxide crystal can be used as a substrate for SOS and LED devises and for growth of live cells. It allows for precise and simultaneous co-localization of radiation effects and an ion trajectory within 100 nm.
Commercial Carbonaceous Materials as Lithium Intercalation Anodes (1995)

Commercial carbonaceous materials were examined as lithium intercalation anodes in propylene carbonate (carbons) and ethylene carbonate/dimethyl carbonate (graphites) electrolytes. The reversible capacity (180–355 mAh/g) and the irreversible capacity loss (15–200% based on reversible capacity) depend on the type of binder, carbon type, morphology, and phosphorus doping concentration. A carbon‐based binder was chosen for electrode fabrication, producing mechanically and chemically stable electrodes and reproducible results. Several types of graphites had capacity approaching . Petroleum fuel green cokes doped with phosphorous gave more than a 20% increase in capacity compared to undoped samples. Electrochemical characteristics are related to scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, x‐ray diffraction, and Brunauer, Emmett, and Teller method measurements.
GUI migration across heterogeneous Java profiles (2002)

Existing cross-platform graphical user interface (GUI) development tools do not support migrate-able GUIs as they do not consider any runtime concern, such as running state transformations. To address this problem, we introduce Scalable Graphical User Interface (SGUI). It allows GUI developers to construct a platform-independent GUI that can be migrated across heterogeneous Java profiles. In this paper, we will focus on two major problems in supporting migrate-able GUIs. First is layout and widget transformation, which describes how to layout a presentation after a GUI is migrated from one platform to another. Second is running state and event handling transformations, which describes how to transform running states and event handlings when a presentation is changed after a migration.
Comparison of phantom and computer‐simulated MR images of flow in a convergent geometry: Implications for improved two‐dimensional MR angiography (1995)

The signal loss that occurs in regions of disturbed flow significantly decreases the clinical usefulness of MR angiography in the imaging of diseased arteries. This signal loss is most often attributed to turbulent flow; but on a typical MR angiogram, the signal is lost in the nonturbulent upstream region of the stenosis as well as in the turbulent downstream region. In the current study we used a flow phantom with a forward-facing step geometry to model the upstream region. The flow upstream of the step was convergent, which created high levels of convective acceleration. This region of the flow field contributes to signal loss at the constriction, leading to overestimation of the area of stenosis reduction. A computer program was designed to simulate the image artifacts that would be caused by this geometry in two-dimensional time-of-flight MR angiography. Simulated images were compared with actual phantom images and the flow artifacts were highly correlated. The computer simulation was then used to test the effects of different orders of motion compensation and of fewer pixels per diameter, as would be present in MR angiograms of small arteries. The results indicated that the computational simulation of flow artifacts upstream of the stenosis provides an important tool in the design of optimal imaging sequences for the reduction of signal loss.
Alternating copolymerization of methyl acrylate with donor monomers having a protected amine group (1983)

Abstract Attempts were made to copolymerize p ‐aminostyrene, p ‐acetamidostyrene, N ‐methyl‐ p ‐aceta‐midostyrene, N ‐(4‐vinylphenyl) phthalimide, N ‐vinyl succinimide, and N ‐vinyl phthalimide with methyl acrylate complexed with ethyl aluminum sesquichloride. Only reactions involving N ‐(4‐vinylphenyl)phthalimide and N ‐vinyl phthalimide yielded alternating copolymers. N ‐vinyl succinimide gave nonalternating copolymers insoluble in common solvents and the other monomers did not copolymerize. In some cases, the conventional radical copolymers were prepared for comparison purposes. The reactivity ratios of the free‐radical initiated copolymerization of methyl acrylate (I) with N ‐(4‐vinylphenyl)phthalimide (II) were r 1 = 0.14 and r 2 1.56. The alternating copolymers were studied by 1 H‐NMR and 13 C‐NMR spectroscopy. The alternating copolymer of N ‐(4‐vinylphenyl)phthalimide with methyl acrylate was hydrazinolyzed to form the alternating copolymer of methyl acrylate with p ‐aminostyrene. Hydrazinolysis of the alternating copolymer of methyl acrylate with N ‐vinyl phthalimide removed the phthalimide moiety and generated vinyl amine units which readily cyclized with neighboring methyl acrylate units to form copolymers that contained five‐membered lactam rings. The infrared (IR) spectra of the hydrazinolyzed products contain bands due to amine or amide groups and are devoid of the characteristic bands of the phthalimide ring.
Content Adaptive Optimization for Neural Image Compression (2019)

A data processing system includes a computing platform having a hardware processor and a memory storing a data compression software code. The hardware processor executes the data compression software code to receive a series of compression input data and encode a first compression input data of the series to a latent space representation of the first compression input data. The data compression software code further decodes the latent space representation to produce an. input space representation of the first compression input data corresponding to the latent space representation, and generates f refined latent values for re-encoding the first compression input data based on a comparison of the first compression input data with its input space representation. The data compression software code then re-encodes the first compression input data using the refined latent values to produce a first compressed data corresponding to the first compression input data.
Carvable calcium phosphate bone substitute material (2007)

This study investigated the use of partially set hydroxyapatite forming calcium phosphate cement as a carvable and mechanically stable bone substitute material. Hydroxyapatite-forming cements were made of either mechanically activated alpha-tricalcium phosphate or a mixture of tetracalcium phosphate and dicalcium phosphate anhydrous and setting was arrested up to 4 h post setting. The study showed that these partially set rigid samples of defined geometry could be carved into a desired shape when the degree of reaction was 30-40% and the relative porosity between 40 and 50%; samples are then expected to set completely after implantation in the presence of water or serum, having the same compressive strength as a continuously set calcium phosphate cement (up to 36 MPa). The development of compressive strength, phase composition, and crystallinity when varying production parameters of these partially "preset" bone substitute materials are presented for both cement systems.
Novel galanin receptor ligands (1998)

Galanin is a neuroendocrine peptide which is 29/30 amino acids in length and is recognised by G-protein-coupled central nervous system receptors via its N-terminus. We synthesised several galanin receptor ligands and fragments around C-terminal extensions of galanin(1-13) to yield chimeric peptides with C-terminals corresponding to bioactive peptides like bradykinin(2-9), mastoparan, neuropeptide Y(25-36) or substance P(5-11), respectively. We also synthesised short galanin analogs in which galanin(1-13) was C-terminally elongated with Lys14; different pharmacologically active small molecules were then attached to the epsilon-amino group of Lys14. Several cysteine-substituted linear and ring closed analogs of galanin(1-9) and galanin(1-16) were also synthesised. The equilibrium binding constants for these peptides at hypothalamic galanin receptors were determined and found in the subnanomolar to micromolar range. The large number of peptides and their binding affinities presented here permit structure-activity relationship analysis of peptide-type ligands to galanin receptors.
A novel inorganic scintillator: Lu/sub 2/Si/sub 2/O/sub 7/:Ce/sup 3+/ (LPS) (2000)

We have characterized the gamma and X-ray scintillation properties of Ce/sup 3+/ doped Lu/sub 2/Si/sub 2/O/sub 7/, a lutetium pyro-silicate (LPS) material. The rare earth ions are located in an octahedral site with C/sub 2/ symmetry. The compound exhibits chemical stability, transparency in a wide optical range and congruent melting, which allows growing of single crystals of good optical quality. The melting temperature is about 2000/spl deg/C, slightly lower than that of Lu/sub 2/SiO/sub 5/ (LSO). Two maxima at 305 nm and 355 nm are observed in the optical absorption spectrum. The emission spectrum of Ce/sup 3+/ in LPS shows a broad band peaking at 380 nm. For a nominal Ce/sup 3+/ atomic concentration of /spl sim/0.01, under gamma-ray excitation we observe light yields in the range 13000-23000 photons/MeV, depending on the preparation atmosphere. The actual cerium concentration inside the crystal still needs to be determined. The scintillation decay time is around 30 ns and, in the first studies, neither a long component nor afterglow was observed.
Aromatization of Halogenated Tetrahydrophthalic Anhydrides with Activated Carbon. An Effective Preparation of 4,5-Dichlorophthalic Anhydride (1990)

Halogenated tetrahydrophthalic anhydrides (4-cyclohexene-1,2-dicarboxylic anhydrides) can be aromatized to phthalic anhydrides in a simple manner by using activated carbon in a high boiling solvent (1,2,4-trichlorobenzene). The method has been applied to the preparation of 4,5-dichlorophthalic anhydride and 4-chlorophthalic anhydride starting from the corresponding chloro-substituted 4-cylohexene-1,2-dicarboxylic anhydrides.
Importance filtering for image retargeting (2011)

Content-aware image retargeting has attracted a lot of interests recently. The key and most challenging issue for this task is how to balance the tradeoff between preserving the important contents and minimizing the visual distortions on the consistency of the image structure. In this paper we present a novel filtering-based technique to tackle this issue, called ”importance filtering”. Specifically, we first filter the image saliency guided by the image itself to achieve a structure-consistent importance map. We then use the pixel importance as the key constraint to compute the gradient map of pixel shifts from the original resolution to the target. Finally, we integrate the shift gradient across the image using a weighted filter to construct a smooth shift map and render the target image. The weight is again controlled by the pixel importance. The two filtering processes enforce to maintain the structural consistency and yet preserve the important contents in the target image. Furthermore, the simple nature of filter operations allows highly efficient implementation for real-time applications and easy extension to video retargeting, as the structural constraints from the original image naturally convey the temporal coherence between frames. The effectiveness and efficiency of our importance filtering algorithm are confirmed in extensive experiments.
Recognition of ventricular tachycardia with 1:1 retrograde atrial activation: A new algorithm for implantable cardioverter defibrillators (2002)

A study was performed to assess realistic ventriculo-atrial (VA) interval boundaries for classification of arrhythmias with 1:1 atrial retrograde conduction. Separation of ventricular tachycardia with retrograde from atrioventricular reentrant tachycardia with retrograde can be effected by imposing distinct VA interval boundaries to give 100% classification. These findings could be of importance in algorithms for next-generation implantable cardioverter defibrillators which include two-chamber (atrial and ventricular) sensing and two-chamber interval measurements.
Increasing efficiency of high numerical aperture metasurfaces using the grating averaging technique (2020)

One of the important advantages of optical metasurfaces over conventional diffractive optical elements is their capability to efficiently deflect light by large angles. However, metasurfaces are conventionally designed using approaches that are optimal for small deflection angles and their performance for designing high numerical aperture devices is not well quantified. Here we introduce and apply a technique for the estimation of the efficiency of high numerical aperture metasurfaces. The technique is based on a particular coherent averaging of diffraction coefficients of periodic blazed gratings and can be used to compare the performance of different metasurface designs in implementing high numerical aperture devices. Unlike optimization-based methods that rely on full-wave simulations and are only practicable in designing small metasurfaces, the gradient averaging technique allows for the design of arbitrarily large metasurfaces. Using this technique, we identify an unconventional metasurface design and experimentally demonstrate a metalens with a numerical aperture of 0.78 and a measured focusing efficiency of 77%. The grating averaging is a versatile technique applicable to many types of gradient metasurfaces, thus enabling highly efficient metasurface components and systems.
A 144 GHz 2.5mW multi-stage regenerative receiver for mm-Wave imaging in 65nm CMOS (2011)

This paper introduces the multi-stage regenerative receiver, an architecture that extends the super-regenerative receiver beyond the classical single-stage configuration to achieve higher gain and sensitivity. This makes the receiver ideal for mm-wave imaging by relaxing the required illumination power in the link budget. The receiver is implemented in 65nm CMOS and achieves a sensitivity of -74 dBm, a NF of 10.2 dB, consumes 2.5mW of power and occupies 0.02mm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> of chip area.
HOW DO MONOCLONAL ANTIBODIES INDUCE TOLERANCE? A Role for Infectious Tolerance? (1998)

One of the major goals in therapeutic immunosuppression has been to achieve long-term benefit from short-term therapy. The discovery in the mild-1980s that CD4 antibodies can induce immunological tolerance without depleting CD4+ T cells has reawakened interest in the use of nondepleting monoclonal antibodies for reprogramming the immune system in autoimmunity and in transplantation. Since that time, antibodies to CD11a, CD4OL, CD25, CD3, and CTLA4-Ig have all been shown capable of facilitating tolerance. In order to apply to principle of reprogramming in the clinic, we have sought to understand the mechanisms that are involved in its induction and its maintenance. In a number of allogeneic transplant models (heart, skin, bone marrow) anti-CD4 (+/- CD8) antibodies can be shown to block the rejection process while selectively promoting the development of CD4+ regulatory T cells responsible for a dominant tolerance that is reflected in findings of linked suppression and infectious tolerance. In these models, T cells that have never been exposed to CD4 antibodies become tolerant to grafted antigens by experiencing antigen in the microenvironment of regulatory T cells. Dominant tolerance is not the only mechanism that can be facilitated by CD4 Mab therapy. If allogeneic marrow is given at high cell doses under the umbrella of CD4 and CD8 antibodies, then tolerance can be achieved through clonal deletion. The mechanism by which regulatory CD4+ T cell suppress is not yet defined but could be active or passive. We have proposed the "civil service model" to explain how tolerant T cells might interfere with the responses of competent T cells in such a way as to render them tolerant.
TGF‐β receptor 1 inhibition prevents stenosis of tissue‐engineered vascular grafts by reducing host mononuclear phagocyte activation (2016)

Stenosis is a critical problem in the long-term efficacy of tissue-engineered vascular grafts (TEVGs). We previously showed that host monocyte infiltration and activation within the graft drives stenosis and that TGF-β receptor 1 (TGF-βR1) inhibition can prevent it, but the latter effect was attributed primarily to inhibition of mesenchymal cell expansion. In this study, we assessed the effects of TGF-βR1 inhibition on the host monocytes. Biodegradable TEVGs were implanted as inferior vena cava interposition conduits in 2 groups of C57BL/6 mice (n = 25/group): unseeded grafts and unseeded grafts with TGF-βR1 inhibitor systemic treatment for the first 2 wk. The TGF-βR1 inhibitor treatment effectively improved TEVG patency at 6 mo compared to the untreated control group (91.7 vs. 48%, P < 0.001), which is associated with a reduction in classic activation of mononuclear phagocytes. Consistent with these findings, the addition of rTGF-β to LPS/IFN-γ-stimulated monocytes enhanced secretion of inflammatory cytokines TNF-α, IL-12, and IL-6; this effect was blocked by TGF-βR1 inhibition (P < 0.0001). These findings suggest that the TGF-β signaling pathway contributes to TEVG stenosis by inducing classic activation of host monocytes. Furthermore, blocking monocyte activation by TGF-βR1 inhibition provides a viable strategy for preventing TEVG stenosis while maintaining neotissue formation.-Lee, Y.-U., de Dios Ruiz-Rosado, J., Mahler, N., Best, C. A., Tara, S., Yi, T., Shoji, T., Sugiura, T., Lee, A. Y., Robledo-Avila, F., Hibino, N., Pober, J. S., Shinoka, T., Partida-Sanchez, S., Breuer, C. K. TGF-β receptor 1 inhibition prevents stenosis of tissue-engineered vascular grafts by reducing host mononuclear phagocyte activation.
CELLERITY (1997)

This paper describes a fully automatic standard-cell layoutsynthesis system, CELLERITY. The system is flexible insupporting a wide variety of process technologies and a range oflibrary template styles. The tool is fully automatic and providesseveral options to the user to customize the layout template. Thetool considers performance and yield and generates dense,design-rule correct layouts. Experimental results indicate that thearea of CELLERITY-generated standard cells is competitive withmanually designed cells in a majority of circuits. In block-leveltests of industrial circuits, standard-cell blocks generated usingCELLERITY cells are about equal to the block area produced byusing a manually-designed library. Recently, an embeddedmicrocontroller in a state-of-the-art sub-micron processtechnology was fabricated using CELLERITY-generated standard cells.
Monofunctional platinum(<scp>ii</scp>) anticancer complexes based on multidentate phenanthridine-containing ligand frameworks (2020)

Phenanthriplatin is a leading preclinical anticancer Pt complex distinguished by a phenanthridine ligand that facilitates DNA-targeted covalent binding via intercalation. We report here that Pt(ii) complexes incorporating phenanthridine into a chelating, multidentate ligand scaffold exhibit a superior in vitro therapeutic index compared with phenanthriplatin and cisplatin.