gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Using Semantic and Context Features for Answer Summary Extraction (2016)

We investigate the effectiveness of using semantic and context features for extracting document summaries that are designed to contain answers for non-factoid queries. The summarization methods are compared against state-of-the-art factoid question answering and query-biased summarization techniques. The accuracy of generated answer summaries are evaluated using ROUGE as well as sentence ranking measures, and the relationship between these measures are further analyzed. The results show that semantic and context features give significant improvement to the state-of-the-art techniques.
Impact of oedema on implant geometry and dosimetry for temporary high dose rate brachytherapy of the prostate (2003)

The optimal timing of dosimetry for permanent seed prostatic implants remains contentious given the half life of post-implant oedema resolution. The aim of this study was to establish whether prostatic oedematous change over the duration of a temporary high dose rate (HDR) interstitial brachytherapy (BR) boost would result in significant needle displacement, and whether this change in geometry would influence dosimetry. Two CT scans, one for dosimetric purposes on the day of the implant and the second just prior to implant removal, were obtained for four patients receiving transperineal interstitial prostate brachytherapy. The relative changes in cross-sectional dimensions of the implants were calculated by establishing the change in mean radial distance (MRD) of the needle positions from the geometric centre of the implant for each patient's pair of CT studies. The treatment plan, as calculated from the first CT scan, was used in the second set of CT images to allow a comparison of dose distribution. The percentage change in MRD over the duration of the temporary implants ranged from -1.91% to 1.95%. The maximum change in estimated volume was 3.94%. Dosimetric changes were negligible. In the four cases studied, the degree of oedematous change and consequent displacement of flexiguide needle positions was negligible and did not impact on the dosimetry. The rate and direction of oedematous change can be extremely variable but on the basis of the four cases studied and the results of a larger recent study, it might not be necessary to re-image patients for dosimetric purposes over the duration of a fractionated HDR BT boost to the prostate where flexiguide needles are utilized. Nevertheless, further investigation with larger patient numbers is required.
Comparative Proteomics of Colorectal Cancer: Abnormal Expression of Proteins within the Tumor Nest and Implication of HnRNP A1 as an Oncoprotein in Tumorigenesis (2006)

AIM: To decipher the key biochemical modulators of tumorigenesis and evaluate the potential of candidate proteins as biomarkers or targets for novel therapeutic intervention of colorectal cancer (CRC). METHODS: Differentially expressed proteins in colorectal tumors were identified by gel-based proteomics, tandem mass spectrometry and NCBInr database interrogation, and further validated by Western blotting and immunohistochemical (IHC) staining. The associations of heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein (hnRNP A1) overexpression with other clinicopathologic features of CRC were assessed using a tissue microarray comprising 60 non-tumor tissue cores and 100 tumor tissue cores. RESULTS: Thirty proteins involving in diverse biological functions were identified. Up-regulation of proteins such as hnRNP A1, platelet-derived endothelial cell growth factor (PD-ECGF), destrin and proliferating cellular nuclear antigen (PCNA) were confirmed by Western blots. IHC staining showed that hnRNP A1 and PCNA were overexpressed in both the nuclei and cytoplasm of the tumor cells, while PD-ECGF was expressed in the endothelial cells within the cancer nest. Destrin was expressed in both tumor and non-tumor cells. The tissue microarray study revealed that hnRNP A1 was highly expressed in the cytoplasm in 80% (70 of 89) of tumors, but there was no association with tumor (Duke's) stage, tumor differentiation, or lymph node metastasis. CONCLUSION: Our study demonstrates the complementation of proteomics and IHC techniques in identifying and localizing the differentially expressed proteins from both tumor and non-tumor cells in the in vivo tumor microenvironment. The novel oncoprotein hnRNP A1 could be a potential target for CRC treatment.
Dilute nitride InGaAsN/GaAs V-groove quantum wires emitting at 1.3 <i>μ</i>m wavelength at room temperature (2011)

Site-controlled InGaAsN quantum wires (QWRs) emitting at 1.3 μm at room temperature were grown on V-grooved GaAs substrates by modulated-flux metallorganic vapor phase epitaxy. The nonplanar substrate template is shown to enhance the nitrogen uptake, evidenced by a redshift in photoluminescence wavelength twice larger for the QWRs than for the adjacent quantum well regions. The mechanism of this increase in nitrogen incorporation efficiency, achieved without degradation in optical properties, is explained by the extended gradient of In content at the step-rich QWR interfaces.
A rate based flow control switch design for ABR service in an ATM network (1996)

The traffic management mechanism for the Available Bit Rate (ABR) service in ATM networks uses a closed loop feedback control scheme to dynamically regulate data traffic between sources and destinations. The destination end system and the intermediate network switches use Resource Management (RM) cells to feedback flow control information back to the SES which will adjust its transmission rate accordingly. The switch mechanism is a critical part of this feedback control loop. This paper discusses some design considerations for ATM switch implementation of the ABR service fl ow control procedure. An ATM switch implementation that uses an unique explicit rate flow control algorithm is presented. The model described achieves maximum network stability in terms of source rate and switch buffer occupancy oscillations. It uses a congestion avoidance technique based on bandwidth demand to control the source rate. As a result of that, link utilization is always kept to a maximum while the switc...
Chemistry of Iron Sulfides (2007)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTChemistry of Iron SulfidesDavid Rickard and George W. LutherView Author Information 1School of Earth, Ocean and Planetary Sciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff CF103YE, Wales, U.K., and College of Marine and Earth Studies, University of Delaware, Lewes, Delaware 19958 Cite this: Chem. Rev. 2007, 107, 2, 514–562Publication Date (Web):January 30, 2007Publication History Received22 June 2006Published online30 January 2007Published inissue 1 February 2007https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/cr0503658https://doi.org/10.1021/cr0503658research-articleACS PublicationsCopyright © 2007 American Chemical SocietyRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views14876Altmetric-Citations1146LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose SUBJECTS:Iron,Pyrite,Stability,Sulfides,Sulfur Get e-Alerts
19.3: Electrical Studies of Mechanically Deformed Indium Tin Oxide Coated Polymer Substrates (2000)

Abstract We report on the reliability of an ITO coated polymer substrate for flexible display applications. The resistance of the ITO layer increases with strain. The increase depends on ITO thickness, substrate material and additional polymer coatings. We present data for cyclic loading of the ITO coated polymer and the increase in resistance with temperature.
Understanding Wavelength Scaling in 19-Cell Core Hollow-Core Photonic Bandgap Fibers (2014)

First experimental wavelength scaling in 19-cell core HC-PBGF indicates that the minimum loss waveband occurs at longer wavelengths than previously predicted. Record low loss (2.5dB/km) fibers operating around 2μm and gas-purging experiments are also reported.
Banning antimicrobial growth promoters in feedstuffs does not result in increased therapeutic use of antibiotics in medicated feed in pig farming (2003)

The use of antimicrobial agents decreased between 1996 (1200 kg) and 1999 (708 kg) and increased thereafter from 779 kg in 2000 to 936 kg in 2001. The PDD/population (6.1 in 1996 and 3.6 in 1999) remained low (3.3 in 2000 and 3.4 in 2001). The difference between the two parameters can be explained by changes in prescribing patterns, namely a reduction in antimicrobial therapy of respiratory diseases in fattening pigs and a shift to antimicrobial treatment of gastrointestinal-tract infections in piglets using drugs with a high PDD.
Auto-epipolar visual servoing (2005)

We present a purely rotational visual servoing algorithm, which aligns the orientation between two cameras at different locations in space. Specifically, our kinematic controller steers a set of so-called bi-tangent lines to intersect at the epipole using a purely image-based bi-tangent line Jacobian. Bi-tangent lines, i.e. lines joining corresponding features on the superposition of two views of a scene, can be defined for both points and contours, so we apply our controller to both feature types. Simulated experiments demonstrate the parametric robustness of the proposed method.
Difference-frequency generation of tunable mid-infrared radiation in bulk periodically poled LiNbO_3 (1995)

A bulk, quasi-periodic phase-matched difference-frequency process is demonstrated in field-poled LiNbO3. Continuous tunability of output radiation in the 3.0–4.1-μm wavelength range is achieved through grating rotation. A maximum mid-infrared output power of 0.5 mW is measured.
Dopaminergic excess or dysregulation? (1991)

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Performance Characteristics of Plasma Amyloid-β 40 and 42 Assays (2009)

Identifying biomarkers of Alzheimer's disease (AD) risk will be critical to effective AD prevention. Levels of circulating amyloid-beta (Abeta) 40 and 42 may be candidate biomarkers. However, properties of plasma Abeta assays must be established. Using five different protocols, blinded samples were used to assess: intra-assay reproducibility; impact of EDTA vs. heparin anticoagulant tubes; and effect of time-to-blood processing. In addition, percent recovery of known Abeta concentrations in spiked samples was assessed. Median intra-assay coefficients of variation for the assay protocols ranged from 6-24% for Abeta(40), and 8-14% for Abeta(42). There were no systematic differences in reproducibility by collection method. Plasma concentrations of Abeta (particularly Abeta(42) appeared stable in whole blood kept in ice packs and processed as long as 24 hours after collection. Recovery of expected concentrations was modest, ranging from -24% to 44% recovery of Abeta(40), and 17% to 61% of Abeta(42). In conclusion, across five protocols, plasma Abeta(40) and Abeta(42) levels were measured with generally low error, and measurements appeared similar in blood collected in EDTA versus heparin. While these preliminary findings suggest that measuring plasma Abeta(40) and Abeta(42) may be feasible in varied research settings, additional work in this area is necessary.
Biomimetic Immuno‐Magnetosomes for High‐Performance Enrichment of Circulating Tumor Cells (2016)

A novel biomimetic immuno-magnetosome (IMS) is developed by coating a leukocyte membrane (decorated with anti-epithelial cell-adhesion molecule antibody) on a magnetic nanocluster. In addition to the good stability and magnetic controllability, the IMS also exhibits satisfactory binding avidity to circulating tumor cells but stealth property to leukocytes. As a result, rare tumor cells can be effectively enriched with undetectable leukocyte background.
Methodology and tools for risk evaluation in construction projects using Risk Breakdown Structure (2012)

Risk Breakdown Structure (RBS) is a hierarchically organised depiction of the identified project risks arranged by risk category and subcategory that identifies the various areas and causes of potential risks. This type of representation has many advantages and is a suitable tool especially for risk management of construction projects, since it offers a synthetic view on risks, each stakeholder can have his or her own view on the project and it is compatible with evolutionary and dynamic nature of project risks. However, RBS suffers several drawbacks such as lack of consensus on how to develop an RBS for a new project, lack of clarity and inconsistencies in definition of risk categories and lack of rules enabling transfer of qualitative/quantitative information of risks across the tree. This article will focus on the last case, proposing an advanced method for measurement and propagation of risks in RBS. Une RBS (Risk Breakdown Structure) est une représentation hiérarchisée des risques d’un projet. Elle est composée de catégories de risque qui explicitent les différents domaines d’origine des risques potentiels. Ce type de représentation présente de nombreux avantages qui la rendent adaptée à la gestion des risques dans les projets de construction : elle offre une vision synthétique des risques, elle est compatible avec la nature dynamique et évolutive des risques et permet à chaque acteur du projet d’avoir sa propre vision des risques. Cependant les RBS présentent aussi des inconvénients : il n’y a pas de consensus sur la façon de les construire, la définition des catégories de risque est souvent floue et non partagée, enfin il n’y a pas de règles permettant de propager les évaluations (qualitatives ou quantitatives) dans les branches de la structure. Cet article s’intéressera particulièrement à ce dernier point en proposant une méthode d’évaluation et de propagation des risques dans les RBS.
Tritium processing at the Savannah River Site: Present and future (1990)

Tritium handling equipment and methods at the Savannah River Site Tritium Facilities have been continually improved since tritium processing operations began in 1955. Several new technologies were introduced into the Tritium Facilities in the 1980’s. One of these is the use of fluidless, mechanical pumps (Normetex and Metal Bellows) to replace mercury pumps. A second is the use of metal hydride technology to store, purify, isotopically separate, pump, and compress hydrogen isotopes. Metal hydrides, such as La–Ni–Al alloys and Pd loaded on kieselguhr, offer significant flexibility and size advantages compared with conventional tritium handling technology, such as gas tanks, thermal diffusion columns, and mechanical compressors. Metal hydrides have been used in the Tritium Facilities since 1984 with the most important application of this technology being planned for the Replacement Tritium Facility, a $140 million facility scheduled for completion in 1990 and startup in 1991.
Performance, Structure, and Mechanism of ReO<sub><i>x</i></sub>–Pd/CeO<sub>2</sub> Catalyst for Simultaneous Removal of Vicinal OH Groups with H<sub>2</sub> (2016)

The ceria-supported rhenium catalyst modified with palladium (ReOx–Pd/CeO2 (Re = 2 wt %, Pd/Re = 0.25)) is still the best catalyst for simultaneous hydrodeoxygenation. Higher Re loading amount decreased the activity. The simultaneous hydrodeoxygenation of cyclic vicinal diols occurs with high cis-stereoselectivity. ReOx–Pd/CeO2 catalysts were characterized by means of XRD, TEM, H2-TPR, XAFS, XPS, Raman, and DFT calculations. The Re species on ReOx–Pd/CeO2 (Re = 2 wt %, Pd/Re = 0.25) catalyst after reduction and after stoichiometric reaction of 1,2-hexanediol to 1-hexene were ReIV and ReVI, and the ReIV species were converted to ReVI through the stoichiometric reaction. The Re species on ReOx–Pd/CeO2 are proposed to be randomly located on the CeO2 surface, and probably only monomeric Re species have catalytic activity for simultaneous hydrodeoxygenation. This model can explain the higher activity of Re = 2 wt % catalyst than those of higher Re loading catalysts. The reaction is proposed to proceed by the tetra/hexavalent redox cycle of the Re center in the catalysis followed by hydrogenation.
Application of pMOS Dosimeters in Radiotherapy (2017)

The results of a study on pMOS dosimeters manufactured by Tyndall National Institute, Cork, Ireland and their sensitivity on radiation doses used in radiotherapy are presented. Firstly, we deal with analysis of defect precursors created by ionizing radiation, responsible for increase in fixed and switching traps, which are further responsible for threshold voltage shift as a dosimetric parameter. Secondly, influence of some parameters, such as gate bias during irradiation, gate oxide thickness and photons energies, on threshold voltage shift is presented. Fading of irradiated pMOS dosimeters and possible application of commercial MOSFETs in ionizing radiation dosimetry are also presented.
Hormonal therapy for prostate cancer. (2006)

Updates on hormonal therapy in the treatment of prostate cancer are presented. The most common therapy is to reduce testosterone to castrate levels. A dosage of 1 mg diethylstilbestrol daily prolonged survival in patients with advanced prostate cancer. The leuteinizing hormone-releasing hormone agonists have essentially replaced surgical orchiectomy in the vast majority of clinical settings; however, a major problem with the leuteinizing hormone- releasing hormone agonists has been the surge and flare of testosterone levels. If hormonal therapy is initiated early, the risk of major complications is significantly decreased. Combined androgen blockade is better than monotherapy, although there is only a small clinical benefit. When androgen deprivation is used for a short time and the normal androgen milieu is re-established, the side effects and toxicity of androgen deprivation are decreased. The major complications of androgen deprivation include hot flushes, reduction of bone mineral density, osteoporosis, and anemia. Intermittent androgen blockade might have the same benefits of total androgen suppression with fewer side effects, increased duration of androgen dependence, and less cost. The 10 steps to take when advising patients about initiation of androgen deprivation therapy are reviewed.
Diagnostic and Intellectual Implications of the Fragmented Rorschach <i>W:D</i> Ratio (1990)

A "fragmented" Rorschach W:D ratio, where D exceeds W by 3:1 or more, occurred in about one-tenth of an outpatient clinical population (n = 938). Subjects showing this imbalance tended to be diagnosed as organic or schizophrenic and to have a differentially higher WAIS Similarities score. Implications of these findings were discussed.
Student authentication by updated facial information with weighting coefficient in e-Learning (2016)

E-Learning is effective for reducing time and space limitations for learners. However, one drawback is that user authentication generally employs only login credentials, making cheating easy. We examine variations in facial images in e-Learning with the aim of detecting spoofing. We propose an authentication method that updates registered image using sequential facial images taken by a webcam during e-Learning sessions. This paper examines update timing and procedures, and finds that the updating based on weighted summation of facial feature vectors at students' operation timing maximizes authentication accuracy.
Protein Subunits Released by Surface Collisions of Noncovalent Complexes: Nativelike Compact Structures Revealed by Ion Mobility Mass Spectrometry (2012)

Crashtest bestanden: Mehrere nichtkovalente Proteinkomplexe wurden durch Oberflächenkollision dissoziiert und durch Ionenmobilitätsmassenspektrometrie untersucht. Die meisten der resultierenden Monomerprodukte sowie einige undissoziierte Vorläufer behalten nach dem Aufprall auf der Oberfläche ihre native Faltung – ganz im Gegensatz zur sonst üblichen Aktivierung durch Neutralgaskollision, bei der Entfaltung beobachtet wird. Detailed facts of importance to specialist readers are published as ”Supporting Information”. Such documents are peer-reviewed, but not copy-edited or typeset. They are made available as submitted by the authors. Please note: The publisher is not responsible for the content or functionality of any supporting information supplied by the authors. Any queries (other than missing content) should be directed to the corresponding author for the article.
E2-25K mediates US11-triggered retro-translocation of MHC class I heavy chains in a permeabilized cell system (2006)

In cells expressing human cytomegalovirus US11 protein, newly synthesized MHC class I heavy chains (HCs) are rapidly dislocated from the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and degraded in the cytosol, a process that is similar to ER-associated degradation (ERAD), the pathway used for degradation of misfolded ER proteins. US11-triggered movement of HCs into the cytosol requires polyubiquitination, but it is unknown which ubiquitin-conjugating and ubiquitin-ligase enzymes are involved. To identify the ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme (E2) required for dislocation, we used a permeabilized cell system, in which endogenous cytosol can be replaced by cow liver cytosol. By fractionating the cytosol, we show that E2-25K can serve as the sole E2 required for dislocation of HCs in vitro . Purified recombinant E2-25K, together with components that convert this E2 to the active E2-ubiquitin thiolester form, can substitute for crude cytosol. E2-25K cannot be replaced by the conjugating enzymes HsUbc7/Ube2G2 or Ube2G1, even though HsUbc7/Ube2G2 and its yeast homolog Ubc7p are known to participate in ERAD. The activity of E2-25K, as measured by ubiquitin dimer formation, is strikingly enhanced when added to permeabilized cells, likely by membrane-bound ubiquitin protein ligases. To identify these ligases, we tested RING domains of various ligases for their activation of E2-25K in vitro . We found that RING domains of gp78/AMFR, a ligase previously implicated in ERAD, and MARCHVII/axotrophin, a ligase of unknown function, greatly enhanced the activity of E2-25K. We conclude that in permeabilized, US11-expressing cells polyubiquitination of the HC substrate can be catalyzed by E2-25K, perhaps in cooperation with the ligase MARCHVII/axotrophin.