gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Diagnosis of Pit and Fissure Caries Using Frequency-Domain Infrared Photothermal Radiometry and Modulated Laser Luminescence (2004)

Non-intrusive, non-contacting frequency-domain photothermal radiometry (FD-PTR or PTR) and frequency-domain luminescence (FD-LUM or LUM) have been used with 659- and 830-nm laser sources to assess the pits and fissures on the occlusal surfaces of human teeth. Fifty-two human teeth were examined with simultaneous measurements of PTR and LUM and were compared to conventional diagnostic methods including continuous (dc) luminescence (DIAGNOdent), visual inspection and radiographs. To compare each method to the others, sensitivities and specificities were calculated by using histological observations as the gold standard. With the combined criteria of four PTR and LUM signals (two amplitudes and two phases), it was found that the sensitivity of this method was much higher than any of the other methods used in this study, whereas the specificity was comparable to that of dc luminescence diagnostics. Therefore, PTR and LUM, as a combined technique, has the potential to be a reliable tool to diagnose early pit and fissure caries and could provide detailed information about deep lesions. Using the longer wavelength (830-nm) laser source, it has been shown that detection of deeper subsurface lesions than the 659-nm probe provides is possible.
Trans-pars-planar illumination enables 200° ultra-wide field pediatric fundus photography for easy examination of the retina (2019)

This study is to test the feasibility of using trans-pars-planar illumination for ultrawide field pediatric fundus photography. Fundus examination of the peripheral retina is essential for clinical management of pediatric eye diseases. However, current pediatric fundus cameras with traditional trans-pupillary illumination provide a limited field of view (FOV), making it difficult to access the peripheral retina adequately for a comprehensive assessment of eye conditions. Here, we report the first demonstration of trans-pars-planar illumination in ultra-wide field pediatric fundus photography. For proof-of-concept validation, all off-the-shelf optical components were selected to construct a lab prototype pediatric camera (PedCam). By freeing the entire pupil for imaging purpose only, the trans-pars-planar illumination enables a 200o FOV in a snapshot fundus image, allowing easy visualization of both the central and peripheral retina up to the ora serrata. A low-cost, easy-to-use ultra-wide field PedCam provides a unique opportunity to foster affordable telemedicine in rural and underserved areas.
Micro-jet Printing of Refractive Microlenses (1998)

The technology for fabricating micro-optical elements for low cost optical interconnects by micro-jet (ink-jet) printing has been under development for over two years [1,2]. This data-driven method of micro-optics fabrication offers the benefits of low cost, flexibility and in-situ , non-contact processing. These features can be used to advantage in applications where increasing the efficiency of optical power coupling as a value-added step is a goal, and they provide unique capabilities for rapid prototyping and customization of microlens arrays. Here we present our latest results in developing this Optics-Jet technology for applications such as collimation of the outputs of LEDs and diode lasers, as well as for increasing the efficiency of focusing of GRIN lenses [3]. Data on printed microlens optical characteristics will be shown, as well as their performance in collimation and astigmatism reduction of optical sources.
Reduced complexity face recognition using advanced correlation filters and fourier subspace methods for biometric applications (2004)

This thesis presents recent research in the design of various Fourier based methods; ranging from Advanced Correlation Filters to Frequency Subspace Methods for face recognition in Biometric Applications. In particular we investigate how to perform reliable face verification for biometrics with particular focus on achieving illumination tolerance. Most Biometric applications can assume a partially co-operative user, therefore pose variations seen during test phase are assumed to be representative samples seen during the training phase. Illumination conditions of the subject can not be controlled as verification can occur anywhere where the user might not have control of their surrounding illumination conditions. Development of reduced complexity algorithms for performing face verification on limited resource computing platforms such as System-on-Chip implementations or PDA platforms are presented. This work shows that we can simplify our algorithms to produce biometric filters that only require 2 bits/per/frequency of storage, leading to templates requiring only 127 bytes of storage. 
Spatial subspace methods are among the most common face recognition algorithms; however their draw back includes sensitivity to shifts of the test image, have difficulty or fail in the presence of extreme illumination and can not handle occlusions. While certain subspace algorithms are designed to handle one of these issues, they face difficulties trying to build tolerance to all of these distortions. This thesis present novel advancements in linking advanced correlation filters and subspace methods to provide hybrid PCA-correlation filters which are referred to as ‘Corefaces’. These type of filters union the advantages of both worlds; efficient subspace representation of range of distortions and the shift-invariance, illumination tolerance and ability to handle partial test images featured by proposed advanced correlation filter approaches. Furthermore this research further examines how Principal Component Linear Subspaces are synthesized and presents reformulations that use Fourier transforms to achieve fast classification in a shift-invariant manner. 
This thesis also details other proposed advanced correlation filters designs for increased efficiency towards building a real-time face verification system and addresses reduced complexity implementations of various parts of the system. We also address the issue of cancellability of biometric templates, proposing a novel encryption method where verification is performed directly in the encrypted domain while still preserving attractive properties such as linearity and shift invariance. Several new correlation filters are also proposed during the course of this research which offer merit improvement in speed, design or performance over current designs. While the focus of this thesis research is on face biometrics, the research and methods covered can be applied to any other biometrics such as fingerprint and iris.
Tube production by extrusion of thermoplastic containing discontinuous fibres - using die with specified dimensions, resulting in improved burst strength (1995)

Tubes (pipes) made from fibre-reinforced thermoplastic materials are manufactured by a method for extruding the thermoplastic material into a die having a diverging terminal zone, the terminal zone of which includes a diverging annular flow space which has a ratio As/Ae between the exit area and the inlet area of at least 1.2 and a ratio between the length l of the annular exit space of the diverging zone and the width e of the cross-section of the said annular space less than 5, the extrusion being carried out in the presence of a liquid lubricant which is not compatible with the said thermoplastic material at the extrusion temperatures, the said lubricant being present in the region of the outer wall and in the region of the inner wall of the said flow space. The tubes (pipes) manufactured by this method have an especially high burst strength and an improved surface state.
Identification of a Full-Length cDNA for an Endogenous Retrovirus of Miniature Swine (1998)

Endogenous retroviruses of swine are a concern in the use of pig-derived tissues for xenotransplantation into humans. The nucleotide sequence of porcine endogenous retrovirus taken from lymphocytes of miniature swine (PERV-MSL) has been characterized. PERV-MSL is a type C retrovirus of 8,132 bp with the greatest nucleic acid sequence identity to gibbon ape leukemia virus and murine leukemia virus. Constitutive production of PERV-MSL RNA has been detected in normal leukocytes and in multiple organs of swine. The copy numbers of full-length PERV sequences per genome (approximately 8 to 15) vary among swine strains. The open reading frames for gag, pol, and env in PERV-MSL have over 99% amino acid sequence identity to those of Tsukuba-1 retrovirus and are highly homologous to those of endogenous retrovirus of cell line PK15 (PK15-ERV). Most of the differences in the predicted amino acid sequences of PK15-ERV and PERV-MSL are in the SU (cell attachment) region of env. The existence of these PERV clones will enable studies of infection by endogenous retroviruses in xenotransplantation.
Circulating microRNAs in plasma as early detection markers for breast cancer (2012)

In recent years, circulating miRNAs have attracted a great deal of attention as promising novel markers for various diseases. Here, we investigated their potential to serve as minimally invasive, early detection markers for breast cancer in blood plasma. We profiled miRNAs extracted from the plasma of early stage breast cancer patients (taken at the time-point of diagnosis) and healthy control individuals using TaqMan low-density arrays (TLDA). Selected candidates identified in the initial screen were further validated in an extended study cohort of 207 individuals including 127 sporadic breast cancer cases and 80 healthy controls via RT-qPCR. Four miRNAs (miR-148b, miR-376c, miR-409-3p and miR-801) were shown to be significantly upregulated in the plasma of breast cancer patients. ROC curve analysis showed that the combination of only three miRNAs (miR-148b, miR-409-3p and miR-801) had an equal discriminatory power between breast cancer cases and healthy controls as all four miRNAs together (AUC = 0.69). In conclusion, the identified miRNAs might be of potential use in the development of a multimarker blood-based test to complement and improve early detection of breast cancer. Such a multimarker blood test might for instance provide a prescreening tool, especially for younger women, to facilitate decisions about which individuals to recommend for further diagnostic tests.
Diastereomeric Process Control in the Synthesis of 2′‐O‐(2‐Methoxyethyl) Oligoribonucleotide Phosphorothioates as Antisense Drugs (2004)

Abstract For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
3-D object tracking in millimeter-wave radar for advanced driver assistance systems (2013)

This paper presents a new 3-D tracking method for millimeter-wave radar imaging of objects around a car in advanced driving assistance systems (ADAS). Current automotive radar systems only estimate objects in 2-D plane (range and azimuth) and hence only a 2-D tracking is employed. We expect future evolutions of these systems to provide the additional elevation information allowing a 3-D view around the car. Given the estimated locations of multiple objects, the tracking algorithm refines the estimates and initiates new tracks as new objects are detected in the scene. The tracking is based on Extended Kalman filter that takes measurements in spherical coordinates and relates them to state vector in Cartesian coordinates. Furthermore, estimates of object radial velocity are related to object velocities in Cartesian coordinates. We will present simulation results to illustrate the effectiveness of the proposed tracking model.
Evaluating a semisupervised approach to phishing url identification in a realistic scenario (2011)

Phishing sites have become a common approach to steal sensitive information, such as usernames, passwords and credit card details of the internet users. We propose a semisupervised machine learning approach to detect phishing URLs from a set of phishing and spam URLs. Spam emails are the source of these URLs. In reality, the number of phishing URLs received through these spam emails is fewer compared to other URLs. Our study is targeted to detect phishing URLs in a realistic scenario of a highly imbalanced data set containing phishing and spam URLs with 1:654 ratio. To train a learning algorithm labeled URLs are needed, where manual labeling is a common approach. Given that it is not feasible to manually label all the URLs from large data sets, we propose reducing manual intervention by labeling only 10% of the URLs manually and using a semisupervised learning algorithm. We compare the proposed approach with a supervised learning approach. Evaluation results show that our proposal is competitive if it is applied in combination with appropriate feature selection and undersampling techniques.
Light-emitting electrochemical cells for large-area lighting applications (2004)

A light-emitting electrochemical cell is a type of organic electroluminescent device of particular interest for large-area lighting. We have assessed the potential applicability of different kinds of light-emitting electrochemical cells. For devices having a blend of an electroluminescent polymer and a polymer electrolyte as active layer, the obtainable efficiency and lifetime were found to be insufficient for practical applications. Light-emitting electrochemical cells with charged transition metal complexes as conducting and electroluminescent material sandwiched between ITO and Ag electrodes resulted in considerable improvement. For a yellow-emitting charged Ir complex, an efficacy of about 4 cd/A over a wide luminance range was obtained. Furthermore, we have studied the dependence of the performance on the active layer thickness, and we demonstrate that thick-layer light-emitting electrochemical cells can be operated at much lower voltage than organic light-emitting diodes.
Purification of active herpes simplex virus-1 protease expressed in Escherichia coli. (1994)

Assembly of viral capsids for replication of herpes simplex virus requires the proteolytic processing of the assembly protein ICP35. The protease responsible for this process is encoded within the 635-amino acid open reading frame of the UL26 gene of the virus. A simple purification scheme is given in this report for the native, mature form of the protease expressed in Escherichia coli. The scheme allows the preparation of milligram quantities of purified enzyme for elucidation of kinetic mechanism as well as for structural studies. Utilizing a 13-residue peptide substrate representing the natural cleavage site that releases the protease, kcat and Km values of the purified native enzyme are 2.0 min-1 and 0.88 mM, respectively. Thus, peptide cleavage is less efficient than reported for other viral proteases. The possibility exists that viral or cellular factors are involved in vivo for activation of the protease for herpes capsid maturation.
Bounded distance+1 soft-decision Reed-Solomon decoding (1996)

We present a new Reed-Solomon decoding algorithm, which embodies several refinements of an earlier algorithm. Some portions of this new decoding algorithm operate on symbols of length lgq bits; other portions operate on somewhat longer symbols. In the worst case, the total number of calculations required by the new decoding algorithm is proportional to nr, where n is the code's block length and r is its redundancy. This worst case workload is very similar to prior algorithms. But in many applications, average-case workload and error-correcting performance are both much better. The input to the new algorithm consists of n received symbols from GF(q), and n nonnegative real numbers, each of which is the reliability of the corresponding received symbol. Any conceivable errata pattern has a "score" equal to the sum of the reliabilities of its locations with nonzero errata values. A max-likelihood decoder would find the minimum score over all possible errata patterns. Our new decoding algorithm finds the minimum score only over a subset of these possible errata patterns. The errata within any candidate errata pattern may be partitioned into "errors" and "erasures," depending on whether the corresponding reliabilities are above or below an "erasure threshold." Different candidate errata patterns may have different thresholds, each chosen to minimize its corresponding ERRATA COUNT, which is defined as 2/spl middot/(number of errors)+(number of erasures). The new algorithm finds an errata pattern with minimum score among all errata patterns for which ERRATA COUNT/spl les/r+1 where r is the redundancy of the RS code. Conventional algorithms also require that the erasure threshold be set a priori; the new algorithm obtains the best answer over all possible settings of the erasure threshold. Conventional cyclic RS codes have length n=q-1, and their locations correspond to the nonzero elements of GF(q). The new algorithm also applies very naturally to RS codes which have been doubly extended by the inclusion of 0 and /spl infin/ as additional locations.
A start-up method for a speed sensorless stator-flux-oriented vector-controlled induction motor drive (1997)

This paper describes a zero-speed start-up method of a speed sensorless stator-flux-oriented direct vector-controlled induction motor drive with the help of a machine current model that does not use any speed signal. The machine starts smoothly with vector control at finite developed torque and then transitions to the standard direct vector-control mode with the voltage model signals as the speed begins to develop. The direct vector-control mode with voltage model uses programmable cascaded low-pass filters for flux-vector synthesis and enables the drive to operate from zero speed to field-weakening mode. As the drive speed falls to zero, the drive again transitions to start-up mode, so that it can be smoothly started again. The performance of the start-up scheme has been verified on a 100 kW electric vehicle drive.
Successful Human Infection with P. falciparum Using Three Aseptic Anopheles stephensi Mosquitoes: A New Model for Controlled Human Malaria Infection (2013)

ClinicalTrials.gov NCT00744133 NCT00744133.
Optimization of resolution and color reproduction by controlling luminance and contrast levels of a liquid-crystal display monitor (2000)

The image quality of a color liquid-crystal display monitor is studied by changing the contrast and the luminance levels. The resolution is assessed with modulation transfer function area (MTFA) that is measured at nine different combinations of the luminance and contrast. At these combinations, we measure the chromaticity coordinates and luminance of red-green-blue channels as a function of the digital-analog convert value. We analyze the relations among MTFA value, constant-channel chromaticity, color gamut, and maximum luminance of a white pattern. From the results, the combination of levels is found that provides both high resolution and good color reproduction.
Protograph-based LDPC codes for partial response channels (2012)

This paper addresses the design of a protograph-based LDPC code which can approach the independent and uniformly distributed (i.u.d.) capacity of partial response channels. We propose a method to calculate the iterative decoding threshold of a joint graph between a protograph and the state structure of a partial response channel using the extrinsic information transfer (EXIT) chart. We then describe a simple method to search for a protograph code whose threshold is close to the i.u.d. capacity limit. This new class of codes is needed because experiments show a protograph that is capacity approaching in the AWGN channel may not perform well in partial response channels. In particular, protographs with punctured nodes are often used to produce good AWGN codes, but they perform poorly with the BCJR equalizer. Numerical results support our analysis.
A Policy-based Management System with Automatic Policy Selection and Creation Capabilities by Using a Singular Value Decomposition Technique (2006)

On demand and autonomic computing will benefit from policy-based management systems which are responsive to new and ambiguous situations and learn from them. In a typical data center, there are thousands of different events reporting system faults, status, and performance information. Their occurrences are unpredictable. In addition, new events and conditions can occur as operating environment changes. Traditional approaches of authoring policies and techniques of implementing policy-based management systems, such as relying entirely on static authoring of simple "if [condition] then [actions]" rules, become insufficient. Hence, new approaches, such as goal policy, utility function etc., to the design and implementation of policy-based management systems have emerged. However, none of these approaches provides a systematic way to enable policies in a policy-based management system to be responsive to new and ambiguous situations. In this paper, we describe a novel method by which policies can be selected or created automatically based on events observed and knowledge learned. This new approach treats the observed event-policy relationship represented by an event-policy matrix as a statistical problem. Using singular value decomposition (SVD) technique, implicit higher order correlations among policies and their associated events are used to estimate the selection or creation of recommended policies based on events found in the observed event set. Initial results have indicated that this approach to policy-based management system is very promising.
Temporal Imaging CeBr<sub>3</sub> Compton Camera: A New Concept for Nuclear Decommissioning and Nuclear Waste Management (2018)

During nuclear decommissioning or waste management operations, a camera that could make an image of the contamination field and identify and quantify the contaminants would be a great progress. Compton cameras have been proposed, but their limited efficiency for high energy gamma rays and their cost have severely limited their application. Our objective is to promote a Compton camera for the energy range (200 keV – 2 MeV) that uses fast scintillating crystals and a new concept for locating scintillation event: Temporal Imaging. Temporal Imaging uses monolithic plates of fast scintillators and measures photons time of arrival distribution in order to locate each gamma ray with a high precision in space ( X,Y,Z ), time ( T ) and energy ( E ). This provides a native estimation of the depth of interaction ( Z ) of every detected gamma ray. This also allows a time correction for the propagation time of scintillation photons inside the crystal, therefore resulting in excellent time resolution. The high temporal resolution of the system makes it possible to veto quite efficiently background by using narrow time coincidence (< 300 ps). It is also possible to reconstruct the direction of propagation of the photons inside the detector using timing constraints. The sensitivity of our system is better than 1 nSv/h in a 60 s acquisition with a 22 Na source. The project TEMPORAL is funded by the ANDRA/PAI under the grant No. RTSCNADAA160019.
Label-Free Optofluidic Biosensing in Microplate, Microfluidic, and Spot-Based Affinity Capture Assays (2010)

Photonic crystal reflectance filters are co-fabricated/integrated with microfluidic channels on plastic substrates. Using the kinetic reaction rate constants measured, sensitivity limits and kinetic signal acquisition for label-free biosensing within various assay formats are studied.
A method for preparing sodium acrylate‐<i>d</i><sub>3</sub>, a useful and stable precursor for deuterated acrylic monomers (2011)

A convenient and economical method for converting propiolic acid to sodium acrylate‐ d 3 is described. Successive D/H exchange of the alkyne proton of sodium propiolate (prepared from propiolic acid) using D 2 O affords sodium propiolate‐ d having up to 99 at.% D. Sodium propiolate‐ d can be partially reduced to sodium acrylate‐ d 3 with 90% conversion and 89% yield using D 2 and the Lindlar catalyst, with control of reaction parameters to maximize conversion while minimizing over‐reduction. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.