gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Effects of Additives on the Pressure‐Assisted Densification and Properties of Silicon Carbide (2008)

The densification of silicon carbide (SiC) was studied using a variety of additives (Al, AlN, Al 2 O 3 , B 4 C, C, Si 3 N 4 , and Y 2 O 3 ). The onset of densification of SiC with small amounts of additives occurred at temperatures between 1500° and 1900°C with 28 MPa applied pressure. Al, B 4 C, and C promoted densification, while N (added as AlN or Si 3 N 4 ) retarded sintering. A 96.75 wt% SiC–2 wt% Al–1 wt% C–0.25 wt% B 4 C starting composition yielded the same percent of theoretical density (in the range of 70%–90% theoretical density) 400°C lower than a 95 wt% SiC–5 wt% AlN material. Yttria additions promoted intergranular fracture, which increased the single‐edged precracked beam fracture toughness. The appropriate selection and amount of additives allowed for the tailoring of grain size and intergranular fracture, thus controlling the mechanical properties. While oxygen was present in all materials containing aluminum, the incorporation of additional oxygen as alumina resulted in reduced sintering activity compared with Al metal. Corrosion resistance decreased in both HF and NaOH solutions at 80°C for materials containing a grain boundary phase.
Low-Shot Learning from Imaginary 3D Model (2019)

Since the advent of deep learning, neural networks have demonstrated remarkable results in many visual recognition tasks, constantly pushing the limits. However, the state-of-the-art approaches are largely unsuitable in scarce data regimes. To address this shortcoming, this paper proposes employing a 3D model, which is derived from training images. Such a model can then be used to hallucinate novel viewpoints and poses for the scarce samples of the few-shot learning scenario. A self-paced learning approach allows for the selection of a diverse set of high-quality images, which facilitates the training of a classifier. The performance of the proposed approach is showcased on the fine-grained CUB-200-2011 dataset in a few-shot setting and significantly improves our baseline accuracy.
Summary based structures with improved sublinear recovery for compressed sensing (2011)

We introduce a new class of measurement matrices for compressed sensing, using low order summaries over binary sequences of a given length. We prove recovery guarantees for three reconstruction algorithms using the proposed measurements, including l <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">1</sub> minimization and two combinatorial methods. In particular, one of the algorithms recovers k-sparse vectors of length N in sublinear time poly(k log N), and requires at most O(k log N log log N) measurements. The empirical oversampling constant of the algorithm is significantly better than existing sublinear recovery algorithms such as Chaining Pursuit and Sudocodes. In particular, for 10 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3</sup> ≤ N ≤ 10 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">12</sup> and k = 100, the oversampling factor is between 5 to 25. We provide preliminary insight into how the proposed constructions, and the fast recovery scheme can be used in a number of practical applications such as market basket analysis, and real time compressed sensing implementation.
Development of a fluorescent ASFV strain that retains the ability to cause disease in swine (2017)

African swine fever is a contagious and often lethal disease for domestic pigs with a significant economic impact for the swine industry. The etiological agent, African swine fever virus (ASFV), is a highly structurally complex double stranded DNA virus. No effective vaccines or antiviral treatment are currently commercially available. We present here the development of a strain of ASFV that has been shown to retain its ability to cause disease in swine, efficiently replicate in swine macrophage and that is fluorescently tagged. The insertion of an EGFP cassette replacing the reading frames for two neighboring genes, MGF360-13L and MGF360-14L, in highly virulent field isolate Georgia/2007, did not affect virus replication in cell cultures and did not affect disease progression in swine, the natural host for ASFV. A virulent fluorescently tagged ASFV is a suitable tool to conduct pathogenesis studies in swine, study on virus-macrophage interaction and to run large scale screens that require a sensitive high throughput output. Utilizing an EGFP reporter system for observing ASFV replication and infectivity can circumvent the time and labor-intensive steps associated with viral antigen-based assays such as the observation of hemadsorption or cytopathic effect.
Seismic Performance of GFRP-RC Exterior Beam–Column Joints with Lateral Beams (2015)

Six full-scale specimens were constructed and tested under reversal cyclic loading to study the seismic behavior of exterior glass-fiber-reinforced-polymer (GFRP) reinforced concrete (RC) beam–column joints with lateral beams. Five specimens were completely reinforced with GFRP bars and stirrups and one was reinforced with conventional steel as a control specimen. The main test variables were reinforcing materials (GFRP and steel), presence of lateral beams, different joint shear stresses, and end anchorage of beam longitudinal bars (bent and headed-end bars). The specimens were subjected to increasing seismic drifts up to failure. Test results showed that GFRP-RC exterior beam–column joints confined with lateral beams can resist joint shear stress equal to 1.1 times the square root of the concrete compressive strength up to 6% drift ratio. In some cases, the specimens showed nonlinear behavior and nonbrittle failure, contrary to what it is expected from FRP-RC structures. Moreover, the anchorage method can change the mode of failure of GFRP-RC exterior beam–column joints.
X-Ray Fourier-Transform Holographic Microscope (1988)

The properties of an x-ray Fourier-transform holographic instrument suitable for imaging hydrated biological samples are described.
Human Multidrug Transporter ABCG2, a Target for Sensitizing Drug Resistance in Cancer Chemotherapy (2007)

Human ABCG2, a member of the ATP-binding cassette transporter superfamily which transports a wide variety of substrates, is highly expressed in placental syncytiotrophoblasts, in the canalicular membranes of liver, in the apical membrane of the small intestine epithelium, and at the luminal surface of the endothelial cells of human brain micro vessels. This strategic tissue localization indicates that ABCG2 plays an important role in absorption, distribution, and elimination of xenobiotics and drugs. High ABCG2 expression has also been detected in many hematological malignancies and solid tumors, indicating that ABCG2 is likely responsible also for the multidrug resistance in cancer chemotherapy. Indeed, ABCG2 can actively transport structurally diverse conjugated- or unconjugated-organic molecules and various anticancer drugs. Many chemo-sensitizing agents have been discovered, which can be developed for increasing drug adsorption and reversing drug resistance in cancer chemotherapy by inhibiting ABCG2 function or expression. This review summarizes current knowledge on ABCG2, its relevance to multidrug resistance and drug disposition, and its ever-growing numbers of substrates and inhibitors.
Rotary piston blood pumps: past developments and future potential of a unique pump type (2016)

The past developments of rotary piston blood pumps are summarized and the main problem for long-term application is identified: insufficient seals. A new approach with seal-less drives is proposed and current research on a simplified rotary piston design is presented. Expert commentary: The development of blood pumps focuses mainly on the improvement of rotary pumps. However, medical complications indicate that inherent limitations of this pump type remain and restrict the next substantial step forward in the therapy of heart failure patients. Thus, research on different pump types is reasonable. If the development of reliable drives and bearings succeeds, rotary piston blood pumps become a promising alternative.
Semisynthetic biosensors for mapping cellular concentrations of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotides (2018)

We introduce a new class of semisynthetic fluorescent biosensors for the quantification of free nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD<sup>+</sup>) and ratios of reduced to oxidized nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH/NADP<sup>+</sup>) in live cells. Sensing is based on controlling the spatial proximity of two synthetic fluorophores by binding of NAD(P) to the protein component of the sensor. The sensors possess a large dynamic range, can be excited at long wavelengths, are pH-insensitive, have tunable response range and can be localized in different organelles. Ratios of free NADPH/NADP<sup>+</sup> are found to be higher in mitochondria compared to those found in the nucleus and the cytosol. By recording free NADPH/NADP<sup>+</sup> ratios in response to changes in environmental conditions, we observe how cells can react to such changes by adapting metabolic fluxes. Finally, we demonstrate how a comparison of the effect of drugs on cellular NAD(P) levels can be used to probe mechanisms of action.
Improved Analytical Methods For The Detection And Quantification of Neutralizing Antibodies to Biopharmaceuticals (2012)

Biopharmaceuticals are used extensively for the treatment of a number of chronic debilitating and fatal diseases such as cancer and inflammatory or autoimmune diseases. Although biopharmaceuticals are in general well tolerated, the development of anti-drug antibodies can impair their safety and efficacy. Assessment of immunogenicity is essential for a more effective and rational use of biopharmaceuticals, and is dependent upon the establishment of efficient standardized assays that allow direct comparison of immunogenicity data with clinical outcome. Although regulatory authorities recommend the use of cell-based assays that reflect the mechanism of action of the drug for the detection of neutralizing anti-drug antibodies, conventional cell-based assays are difficult to standardize and often give variable results. A number of strategies have been adopted to improve the performance of cell-based assays, including quantification of drug-induced proteins using either real-time RT-PCR or branched DNA to detect mRNA, or ELISAs to detect protein, bridging assays using immobilized cells and the use of reporter gene assays. The relative merits and limitations of each of these methods is reviewed herein.
Memory-aware i-vector extraction by means of sub-space factorization (2015)

Most of the state-of-the-art speaker recognition systems use i-vectors, a compact representation of spoken utterances. Since the “standard” i-vector extraction procedure requires large memory structures, we recently presented the Factorized Sub-space Estimation (FSE) approach, an efficient technique that dramatically reduces the memory needs for i-vector extraction, and is also fast and accurate compared to other proposed approaches. FSE is based on the approximation of the matrix T, representing the speaker variability sub-space, by means of the product of appropriately designed matrices. In this work, we introduce and evaluate a further approximation of the matrices that most contribute to the memory costs in the FSE approach, showing that it is possible to obtain comparable system accuracy using less than a half of FSE memory, which corresponds to more than 60 times memory reduction with respect to the standard method of i-vector extraction.
Degradation of acetylcholine receptor in diaphragms of rats with experimental autoimmune myasthenia gravis. (1979)

The degradation of acetylcholine receptor observed in denervated and innervated normal rat diaphragms in organ culture is stimulated by exogenous antireceptor serum. In this paper we demonstrate that diaphragms from rats with experimental autoimmune myasthenia gravis contain reduced amounts of acetylcholine receptor. Acetylcholine receptor from myasthenic, but not from normal, rats has antibody bound to it and is degraded at an accelerated rate. We conclude that in the chronic phase of experimental autoimmune myasthenia gravis increased acetylcholine receptor degradation can be accounted for by a mechanism involving antigenic modulation, and that such a process can contribute to the clinical symptoms of impaired neuromuscular transmission.
Model-shared subspace boosting for multi-label classification (2007)

Typical approaches to the multi-label classification problem require learning an independent classifier for every label from all the examples and features. This can become a computational bottleneck for sizeable datasets with a large label space. In this paper, we propose an efficient and effective multi-label learning algorithm called model-shared subspace boosting (MSSBoost) as an attempt to reduce the information redundancy in the learning process. This algorithm automatically finds, shares and combines a number of base models across multiple labels, where each model is learned from random feature subspace and boots trap data samples. The decision functions for each label are jointly estimated and thus a small number of shared subspace models can support the entire label space. Our experimental results on both synthetic data and real multimedia collections have demonstrated that the proposed algorithm can achieve better classification performance than the non-ensemble baselineclassifiers with a significant speedup in the learning and prediction processes. It can also use a smaller number of base models to achieve the same classification performance as its non-model-shared counterpart.
A novel physiologic sampling pump capable of rapid response to breathing (2009)

The merits of using physiologic sampling pumps (PSPs) instead of using constant-flow sampling pumps, i.e., "traditional sampling pumps" (TSPs), are discussed. A novel PSP that overcomes shortcomings of previous PSP designs is presented. Calibrated valves are used to obviate pump inertia that has limited the system response and accuracy of prior work. Technologies that provide minute ventilation (V[combining dot above](E)) of subjects in real time may therefore be used to the limit of their own accuracies to sample inhalation exposures. Analysis of the design and data from a prototype are presented to show how air sampling can be modulated to follow breathing.
A new power module packaging technology for enhanced thermal performance (2002)

A new approach to packaging high performance power devices, Chip on Flex Power Overlay (POL) was presented. It was shown that the GE's cost effective POL power packaging technology is ideally suited for high heat flux and high performance applications. This is primarily due to the elimination of bond wires and the planar geometry which offers cooling of power devices from top, bottom or both sides of the power module. It was also shown that a cost effective, scalable high performance integral heat exchanger can maximize the thermal performance of POL technology thereby helping to utilize its full potential. Due to the excellent thermal and electrical performance, low weight, volume, and cost effectiveness GE's revolutionary POL technology sets a new standard for the future of packaging power electronics modules.
The Genetics of Melanoma: Recent Advances (2013)

Cutaneous malignant melanoma results from the interplay of genetic, host, and environmental factors. Genetic factors implicated in melanoma etiology include inherited high-, intermediate-, and low-risk susceptibility genes as well as numerous somatic mutations in melanoma tumors. CDKN2A is the major high-risk melanoma susceptibility gene identified to date. Recent identification of low-risk loci has been accomplished predominantly through genome-wide association studies. Whole-exome and whole-genome studies have identified numerous genes somatically altered in melanoma tumors and highlighted a higher mutation load in melanoma tumors compared with those in other cancers. This higher load is believed to be attributable to the preponderance of cytosine-to-thymine nucleotide substitutions as a result of UV radiation exposure. Technological advances, particularly next-generation sequencing, have increased the opportunities for germline and somatic gene discovery in melanoma and are opening up new avenues for understanding melanoma pathogenesis as well as leading to new opportunities for treatment.
Phase-dominant spatial light modulators (1988)

Computer simulation results are given for an optical correlator in which the spatial light modulator has a strong phase modulation and a weak proportional amplitude modulation at each pixel. The signal/noise ratio on the correlation plane is found to be much higher than that of a matched filter, and the residual signal-dependent amplitude modulation improves the system performance in some cases.
Development of antimicrobial gelatin films with boron derivatives (2019)

Food packaging technology has been advancing to provide safe and high quality food products and to minimize food waste. Moreover, there is a dire need to replace plastic materials in order to reduce environmental pollution. The aim of this study was to prepare biodegradable antimicrobial packaging films from gelatin. Boric acid, disodium octaborate tetrahydrate, and sodium pentaborate were incorporated as the antimicrobial agents. Films containing boric acid and its salts showed antibacterial effect against Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa, as well as antifungal and anticandidal effects against Aspergillus niger and Candida albicans. The mechanical strength of the films was mostly enhanced by the addition of boron derivatives. The rheological measurements and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy results suggest that boron derivatives did not interfere with the network formation during gelling. The morphology of boron-added antimicrobial films was found to be similar to the morphology of the control . In conclusion, the newly developed gelatin films containing 10% or 15% disodium octaborate (g/g gelatin) might be good candidates for biodegradable antimicrobial packaging materials.
Separation and Characterization of A‐ and B‐Type Starch Granules in Wheat Endosperm (1999)

ABSTRACT Mature wheat ( Triticum aestivum L.) endosperm contains two types of starch granules: large A‐type and small B‐type. Two methods, microsieving or centrifugal sedimentation through aqueous solutions of sucrose, maltose, or Percoll were used to separate A‐ and B‐type starch granules. Microsieving could not completely separate the two types of starch granules, while centrifuging through maltose and sucrose solutions gave a homogenous population for B‐type starch granules only. Centrifuging through two Percoll solutions (70 and 100%, v/v) produced purified populations of both the A‐ and B‐type starch granules. Analysis of starch granule size distribution in the purified A‐ and B‐type granule populations and in the whole‐starch granule population obtained directly from wheat endosperm confirmed that the purified A‐ and B‐type starch granule populations represented their counterparts in mature wheat endosperm. Centrifugations through two Percoll solutions were used to purify A‐ and B‐type starch granule populations from six wheat cultivars. The amylose concentrations and gelatinization properties of these populations were analyzed. All of the A‐type starch granules contained higher amylose concentrations and had higher gelatinization enthalpies than did B‐type starch granules. Although A‐ and B‐type starch granules started to gelatinize at a similar temperature, B‐type starch granules had higher gelatinization peak and completion temperatures than did A‐type starch granules
Synthetic and Structural Studies of a Linear Bis-Catechol Amide, N,N'-Bis(2,3-dihydroxybenzoyl)-1,7-diazaheptane (5-LICAM), and Its Complexes with Ni2+ and Co2+: Utilization of a Polymer-Supported, Sulfonated Analog, 5-LICAMS, as a Biomimetic Ligand for Divalent Metal Ion Removal from Aqueous Solution (1995)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTSynthetic and Structural Studies of a Linear Bis-Catechol Amide, N,N'-Bis(2,3-dihydroxybenzoyl)-1,7-diazaheptane (5-LICAM), and Its Complexes with Ni2+ and Co2+: Utilization of a Polymer-Supported, Sulfonated Analog, 5-LICAMS, as a Biomimetic Ligand for Divalent Metal Ion Removal from Aqueous SolutionSong-Ping Huang, Katherine J. Franz, Marilyn M. Olmstead, and Richard H. FishCite this: Inorg. Chem. 1995, 34, 11, 2820–2825Publication Date (Print):May 1, 1995Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 May 1995https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ic00115a007https://doi.org/10.1021/ic00115a007research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views254Altmetric-Citations21LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (2)»Supporting Information Supporting Information Get e-Alerts
<title>Multiphoton excitation fluorescence imaging applied to the study of embryo development</title> (1998)

The use of fluorescent probes is a powerful technique for the study of living specimens. Unfortunately, living tissues are vulnerable to photodamage from the excitation illumination and they make poor optical specimens due to their light-scattering nature. Multiphoton (two or more photon) excitation imaging offers significant advantages compared to laser-scanning confocal fluorescence microscopy for fluorescence microscopy of live specimens: considerable reduction in total sample fluorophore excitation and hence less photodamage, increased depth penetration due to increased tolerance for scattering, and increased detection sensitivity as more signal photons can be used for imaging. These advantages become more significant if 3D or 4D (multifocal plane, time-lapse) imaging is undertaken. In addition, multiphoton excitation imaging allows UV excited probes such as DAPI or INDO I or endogenous fluorophores such as NAD(P)H and serotonin to be imaged without UV excitation. We, and others, have been evaluating the potential of multi-photon excitation imaging for biological microscopy and have found all of the aforementioned advantages particularly significant for laser-scanning fluorescence imaging of developing embryos; a summary of currently pursued developmental biology applications will be presented. The current status of all-solid-state ultrafast lasers as excitation sources will also be reviewed since these lasers offer tremendous potential for affordable, reliable, 'turnkey' multiphoton imaging systems. The combination of demonstrated applications, simple ultrafast laser sources, and affordable commercial systems may promote a revolution in the study of embryogenesis with the light microscope.