gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
On the stiffnes of a novel six‐degree‐freedom parallel minimanipulator (1995)

Abstract The dimensionally uniform Jacobian matrix of a novel three‐limbed, six degree‐of‐freedom (DOF) minimanipulator is used to derive its dimensionally uniform stiffness matrix. The minimanipulator limbs are inextensible and its actuators are base‐mounted. The lower ends of the limbs are connected to bidirectional linear stepper motors that are constrained to move on a base plane. The minimanipulator is capable of providing high positional resolution and high stiffness. It is shown that, at a central configuration, the stiffness matrix of the minimanipulator can be decoupled (diagona‐lized), if proper design parameters are chosen. It is also shown that the stiffness of the minimanipulator is higher than that of the Stewart platform. Guidelines for obtaining large minimanipulator stiffness values are established. © 1995 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Method and apparatus for gathering seismic data and selectively controlling isolated recorders in an isolated distributed recording system (1989)

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Gene Delivery: Inhaled Nanoformulated mRNA Polyplexes for Protein Production in Lung Epithelium (Adv. Mater. 8/2019) (2019)

In vitro transcribed messenger RNA is nebulized using poly(beta amino esters) for inhalable delivery to the lung as described by Daniel G. Anderson and co-workers in article number 1805116. Hyperbranched polymers are synthesized, which form stable mRNA-polyplexes that distribute uniformly throughout the lungs of mice and are translated to reporter protein in the lung epithelium.
Determining the electron distribution function from RF measurements using an impedance probe (2010)

Summary form only given. Using a network analyzer which returns Re(Z <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">ac</sub> ) and Im(Z <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">ac</sub> ) for a spherical probe in a plasma, we have demonstrated the existence of collisionless resistance in the sheath, shown that this leads to a method of finding the electron sheath density profile, and proposed a method of measuring electron temperature using the rf results. The magnitude of the applied signal from the network analyzer is much smaller in magnitude than typical applied dc potentials and it is therefore transparent to the existing plasma/probe interface. Recently, from determination of plasma potential, we are able to construct the electron distribution function, f(E), from the rf measurements. This method requires only a first derivative of the inverse Re(Z <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">ac</sub> ) with respect to bias. We will present the method and results for f(E) for three spherical probes of varying sizes.
Screening and Identification of DNA Aptamers against T-2 Toxin Assisted by Graphene Oxide (2014)

A high-affinity ssDNA aptamer that specifically binds to T-2 toxin was generated by the systemic evolution of ligands by exponential enrichment (SELEX) procedure assisted by graphene oxide (GO). After 10 rounds of selection against T-2 toxin, a highly enriched ssDNA pool was sequenced and the representative aptamers were subjected to binding assays to evaluate their affinity and specificity. Circular dichroism spectroscopy was also used to study the inherent interaction of T-2 toxin and the preferred aptamer Seq.16, which demonstrated a low dissociation constant (Kd) of 20.8 ± 3.1 nM and excellent selectivity for T-2 toxin. Using the selected aptamer Seq.16 as the recognition element, an aptamer-based fluorescent bioassay was developed for the measurement of T-2 in beer samples with a linear range from 0.5 to 37.5 μM (R(2) = 0.988) and a limit of detection (LOD) of 0.4 μM. The results indicate that GO-SELEX technology is appropriate for the screening of aptamers against small-molecule toxins, offering a promising application for aptamer-based biosensors.
Research to Conduct an Exploratory Experimental and Analytical Investigation of Alloys. (1980)

Alloys based on the TiAl (Gamma) and Ti3Al (alpha-two) intermetallic phases have attractive elevated temperature properties for gas turbine applications. However, certain processing and property problems will have to be overcome before such materials are qualified for the projected applications. The current program evaluated processing and heat treatments for three alpha-two and three gamma alloys. The basic compositions were Ti-Al-Nb (V) and Ti-Al-V, respectively. The effect of various interstitial elements, H2, O2 and C were also evaluated. MEchanical properties measured were smooth and notched tensile strength up to 650C (1200F), room temperature notched stress rupture, and creep- rupture over the range 593C (1100F) to 982C (1800F). Test results indicate that useful engineering alloys are evolving in both systems, although melting and processing of the gamma phase alloys is not as advanced as that of alpha-two alloys.
Raft Polymerization of <i>N</i>,<i>N</i>-Dimethylacrylamide Utilizing Novel Chain Transfer Agents Tailored for High Reinitiation Efficiency and Structural Control (2002)

The syntheses of the novel acrylamido-based RAFT chain transfer agents (CTAs) N,N-dimethyl-s-thiobenzoylthiopropionamide (TBP, 1c) and N,N-dimethyl-s-thiobenzoylthioacetamide (TBA, 1d) for the controlled polymerization of N,N-dimethylacrylamide (DMA) are described. The results from a comparative study of 1c and 1d with two CTAs previously reported for the RAFT polymerization of DMA (benzyl dithiobenzoate (BDB, 1a) and cumyl dithiobenzoate (CDB, 1b)) are disclosed and demonstrate the effectiveness of the newly reported CTAs. Polymerizations at CTA/I ratios of 5/1 yield poly(N,N-dimethylacrylamide) (PDMA) homopolymers with high molecular weight impurity (1b−1d) or bimodal molecular weight distributions (1a). The high molecular weight impurity observed in polymerizations mediated by 1b−1d has been attributed to species arising from bimolecular termination reactions, as determined by multiple detector size exclusion chromatography (SEC). The bimodality observed for 1a-mediated polymerizations is due to the presence of two distinct “active” species, as determined by end group analysis using SEC. We show that it is possible to reduce/eliminate the high molecular weight impurity for 1b−1d-mediated polymerizations simply by increasing the CTA/I ratio to 80/1. Under these conditions, 1a-mediated polymerization still yields a bimodal molecular weight distribution. The differences in the efficiency of the CTAs 1a−1d are rationalized in terms of their structural and electronic characteristics and their relative fragmentation/reinitiation efficiencies.
Femtosecond Laser Processing of Protein Crystals in Crystallization Drop (2005)

We have developed a novel processing technique for protein crystals using femtosecond laser irradiation. We call this technique the femtosecond-laser-induced cut and cleave operation (fs-CACO). By precisely controlling the laser fluence and the position of the laser focal point, we are able to perform accurate and reproducible processing of protein crystals with little damage without troublesome treatment such as the unsealing of vessels and removal of solutions surrounding the crystals. To our knowledge, this is the first report on processing protein crystals using ultra-short-pulse laser ablation. Fs-CACO will be a powerful tool for making problematic protein crystals suitable for X-ray diffraction measurements.
Chip size and performance evaluations of shared cache for on‐chip multiprocessor (2005)

Abstract Recent semiconductor technology has made on‐chip multiprocessors with several CPUs and cache memories on a single chip a realistic possibility. Generally, conventional multiprocessor systems with shared memory offer a simple programming model, but need a cache coherency mechanism that may become a system bottleneck. Furthermore, the same data may be cached on two or more caches, which prevents effective cache utilization. The multiport cache is one solution, but when using the conventional multiport memory architecture, the chip size of the multiport cache will increase in proportion to the square of the number of ports. On the other hand, with our proposed hierarchical multiport memory architecture, multiport memory can be implemented with a smaller chip size than by the conventional methods. This paper proposes the shared cache with a hierarchical multiport memory architecture that does not need a coherency mechanism. This paper also presents the results of performance evaluations and chip size estimations. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Syst Comp Jpn, 36(9): 1–13, 2005; Published online in Wiley InterScience ( www.interscience.wiley.com ). DOI 10.1002/scj.20244
Pushing Portland Cement Beyond The Norm Of Extreme High Temperature (2010)

Abstract For a recent project in Australia, Portland cement was modified to withstand contact with temperatures above 800 °C. This High Temperature (HT) cement system is applied to cement casing strings used as injection and production wells in a process known as Underground Coal Gasification (UCG). In its simplest form, this process involves drilling a production well and an injector well into an existing coal seam. Once drilling and cementing of the wells are complete the coal is ignited underground, and air and water are then introduced through an injector well. The air reforms with the combustion materials and forms a synthesis gas (syngas) containing carbon monoxide, hydrogen and methane (as a minor component), that moves under pressure through the coal seam to the production well, where it travels uphole to the downstream facility. Since coal typically resides at shallow depths, it was necessary to have cement that would set at relatively low bottomhole static temperatures of less than 39 °C and have the ability to withstand the extreme temperatures of the advancing combustion front, which can exceed 800 °C. Portland cement with a silica source has been used in geothermal wells in which production temperatures can reach 380 °C or more, but recent testing showed that it can completely disintegrate around 450 °C. The final HT cement system design easily tolerates the elevated dry temperatures at the combustion front and maintains compressive strength in normal API compressive strength (CS) tests at 350 – 450 °C. The slurry mixes and pumps in the field as one would expect any slurry properly prepared to do while following API methods. Fluid loss control was adjusted with common liquid additives. Since the welfare of our planet is dependent on our ability to develop more environmentally friendly alternatives, the UCG process may become the preferred method to extract the energy contained within coal. The new HT cement system design enables a cost- efficient, logistically simple cementing method/material for this application where none existed previously.
Comb waveforms for sonar (2003)

Comb waveforms allow the simultaneous use of a set of individual waveforms to achieve improved resolution in range, Doppler, or both. In this paper a new comb waveform is presented which is based on the use of pairs of triplets of the single-frequency spectral lines which constitute the comb. This "triplet-pair" comb has several desirable properties namely, a relatively high power efficiency, relatively high resolution in Doppler, and a moderately good resolution in range (delay). This new waveform is compared with several standard waveforms using a set of system parameters commensurate with current Naval interests. Performance of these waveforms in reverberation is compared via the Q-function (amount of suppression vs. Doppler). Performance of these waveforms in ambient noise takes into account the relative efficiency with which they are able to use available sonar projector power levels. The "triplet-pair" waveform is seen to be competitive with the other Doppler-sensitive waveforms, having slightly lower performance in reverberation-limited conditions, and having slightly higher performance in ambient-noise-limited conditions, for the particular system parameters used in the comparison.
Single-shot Full-field reflection phase microscopy (2011)

We present a full-field reflection phase microscope that combines low-coherence interferometry and off-axis digital holographic microscopy (DHM). The reflection-based DHM provides highly sensitive and a single-shot imaging of cellular dynamics while the use of low coherence source provides a depth-selective measurement. The setup uniquely uses a diffraction grating in the reference arm to generate an interference image of uniform contrast over the entire field-of-view albeit low-coherence light source. We have measured the path-length sensitivity of our instrument to be approximately 21 picometers/Hz that makes it suitable for nanometer-scale full-field measurement of membrane dynamics in live cells.
Multi-pad stimulation device for treating foot drop: Case study (2014)

Many individuals with stroke express gait abnormalities and reduction of daily living activities. One of techniques for treating lower limb disabilities for improving gait patterns is functional electrical stimulation (FES). The purpose of this case report is to describe the development of FES system based on multi-pad electrodes for foot drop correction during gait and to demonstrate its use in improving gait quality of hémiplégie patients. Stimulation optimization and triggering is based on feedback from inertial sensor positioned on the patient's paretic foot. The main features are fast and reliable optimization of stimulation patterns for achieving strong dorsiflexion and plantar flexion. One hémiplégie patient participated in the 6 months case study. The functional improvement of the patient's gait was tracked during the course of the therapy. Observed indicators of rehabilitation efficiency were gait velocity, number of steps and angular velocity of ankle joint during 10 m gait test.
Chemoenzymatic Synthesis of Trehalosamine, an Aminoglycoside Antibiotic and Precursor to Mycobacterial Imaging Probes (2018)

Trehalosamine (2-amino-2-deoxy-α,α-d-trehalose) is an aminoglycoside with antimicrobial activity against Mycobacterium tuberculosis, and it is also a versatile synthetic intermediate used to access imaging probes for mycobacteria. To overcome inefficient chemical synthesis approaches, we report a two-step chemoenzymatic synthesis of trehalosamine that features trehalose synthase (TreT)-catalyzed glycosylation as the key transformation. Soluble and recyclable immobilized forms of TreT were successfully employed. We demonstrate that chemoenzymatically synthesized trehalosamine can be elaborated to two complementary imaging probes, which label mycobacteria via distinct pathways.
Vascular Pedicle and Microchannels: Simple Methods Toward Effective In Vivo Vascularization of 3D Scaffolds (2019)

Poor vascularization remains a key limiting factor in translating advances in tissue engineering to clinical applications. Vascular pedicles (large arteries and veins) isolated in plastic chambers are known to sprout an extensive capillary network. This study examined the effect vascular pedicles and scaffold architecture have on vascularization and tissue integration of implanted silk scaffolds. Porous silk scaffolds with or without microchannels are manufactured to support implantation of a central vascular pedicle, without a chamber, implanted in the groin of Sprague Dawley rats, and assessed morphologically and morphometrically at 2 and 6 weeks. At both time points, blood vessels, connective tissue, and an inflammatory response infiltrate all scaffold pores externally, and centrally when a vascular pedicle is implanted. At week 2, vascular pedicles significantly increase the degree of scaffold tissue infiltration, and both the pedicle and the scaffold microchannels significantly increase vascular volume and vascular density. Interestingly, microchannels contribute to increased scaffold vascularity without affecting overall tissue infiltration, suggesting a direct effect of biomaterial architecture on vascularization. The inclusion of pedicles and microchannels are simple and effective proangiogenic techniques for engineering thick tissue constructs as both increase the speed of construct vascularization in the early weeks post in vivo implantation.
ECG-triggered retrospective colour flow imaging (2005)

Colour flow imaging systems estimate flow velocities by measuring the phase/time shift between backscattered signals. Using a high-frequency single-element transducer, colour flow imaging of blood velocities has been accomplished in mice by sweeping the transducer over a region of interest. This technique, however, has limitations: tissue clutter artifacts are induced by the sweep-velocity; spatio-temporal artifacts occur when visualizing pulsatile flow; the accuracy of flow velocity estimation is limited. To overcome these limitations, a retrospective colour flow imaging technique (RCFI) has been developed, using the ECG to trigger the acquisition of M-mode data at successive lateral positions of the transducer, followed by retrospective reconstruction of colour flow images. This technique was validated using a phantom with a sinusoidally varying velocity profile, and compared to the swept-scan technique in mouse carotid arteries.
A new class of soft mimo demodulation algorithms (2003)

We propose a new class of soft-input soft-output demodulation schemes for multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) channels, based on the sequential Monte Carlo (SMC) framework under both stochastic and deterministic settings. The stochastic SMC sampler generates MIMO symbol samples based on importance sampling and resampling techniques, whereas the deterministic SMC approach recursively performs exploration and selection steps in a greedy manner. By exploiting the artificial sequential structure of the existing simple Bell-Labs layered space-time (BLAST) detection method based on nulling and cancellation, the proposed algorithms achieve an error probability performance that is orders of magnitude better than the traditional BLAST detection schemes while maintaining a low computational complexity. In fact, the new methods offer performance comparable with that of the sphere decoding algorithm without attendant increase in complexity. More importantly, being soft-input soft-output in nature, both the stochastic and deterministic SMC detectors can be employed as the first-stage demodulator in a turbo receiver in coded MIMO systems. Such a turbo receiver successively improves the receiver performance by iteratively exchanging the so-called extrinsic information between the soft outer channel decoder and the inner soft MIMO demodulator under both known channel state and unknown channel state scenarios. Computer simulation results are provided to demonstrate the performance of the proposed algorithms.
RNA-peptide fusions for the <i>in vitro</i> selection of peptides and proteins (1997)

Covalent fusions between an mRNA and the peptide or protein that it encodes can be generated by in vitro translation of synthetic mRNAs that carry puromycin, a peptidyl acceptor antibiotic, at their 3' end. The stable linkage between the informational (nucleic acid) and functional (peptide) domains of the resulting joint molecules allows a specific mRNA to be enriched from a complex mixture of mRNAs based on the properties of its encoded peptide. Fusions between a synthetic mRNA and its encoded myc epitope peptide have been enriched from a pool of random sequence mRNA-peptide fusions by immunoprecipitation. Covalent RNA-peptide fusions should provide an additional route to the in vitro selection and directed evolution of proteins.
Pollutant emissions estimation framework for real-driving emissions at microscopic scale and environmental footprint calculation (2018)

Nowadays, health related issues of local pollutant emissions due to transport is becoming a major concern in our modern society. Exhaust emissions level for various gases are strongly related to the driving behavior of the user. It is of public knowledge that vehicle approval regulation techniques do not reflect actual emissions on everyday trips due, for instance, to the very smooth velocity profile considered. Available means of measuring the actual environmental footprint of a vehicle exist and are called Portable Emissions Measurement Systems (PEMS). However these sensors are usually bulky and too expensive for large scale campaigns. We propose a novel solution to monitor users environmental footprint using only a smartphone device with no additional sensors. The proposed solution is able to provide individualized feedback depending on vehicle characteristics, driving style and trips topology. The comprehensive pollutant gas emission estimation algorithm is presented including vehicle, engine, aftertreatment models and environmental footprint calculation.
Novel sesquiterpene lactone analogues as potent anti‐breast cancer agents (2016)

Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is associated with high grade, metastatic phenotype, younger patient age, and poor prognosis. The discovery of an effective anti-TNBC agent has been a challenge in oncology. In this study, fifty-eight ester derivatives (DETDs) with a novel sesquiterpene dilactone skeleton were organically synthesized from a bioactive natural product deoxyelephantopin (DET). Among them, DETD-35 showed potent antiproliferative activities against a panel of breast cancer cell lines including TNBC cell line MDA-MB-231, without inhibiting normal mammary cells M10. DETD-35 exhibited a better effect than parental DET on inhibiting migration, invasion, and motility of MDA-MB-231 cells in a concentration-dependent manner. Comparative study of DETD-35, DET and chemotherapeutic drug paclitaxel (PTX) showed that PTX mainly caused a typical time-dependent G2/M cell-cycle arrest, while DETD-35 or DET treatment induced cell apoptosis. In vivo efficacy of DETD-35 was evaluated using a lung metastatic MDA-MB-231 xenograft mouse model. DETD-35 significantly suppressed metastatic pulmonary foci information along with the expression level of VEGF and COX-2 in SCID mice. DETD-35 also showed a synergistic antitumor effect with PTX in vitro and in vivo. This study suggests that the novel compound DETD-35 may have a potential to be further developed into a therapeutic or adjuvant agent for chemotherapy against metastatic TNBC.