gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Constriction‐Induced Local Electrodeposition: The Principle of Self‐Induced Repair (1991)

A fundamental study of the self‐induced repair (SIR) of constrictions is presented. SIR is a local electrodeposition process induced by the Joule heating at a constriction, together with the temperature dependence of the equilibrium potential at a metal‐electrolyte interface. Based on a one‐dimensional heat‐conduction model, a general equation for the maximum temperature rise at a constriction is obtained. An analysis based on thermodynamics and a series of experiments show a substantial temperature dependence of the equilibrium electrode potential of the Cu/Cu2+ interface. The rate of electrodeposition is then estimated using the Butler‐Volmer equation. The evolution of constrictions during the SIR process is studied with numerical simulation. It is predicted that with a local temperature rise of 50 K, the deposition rate can be as high as 2 μm per min, which is verified by a series of experiments. The results of theory and experiment show that the SIR process is self‐locating and self‐terminating. Electrical testing shows that the SIR process is able to eliminate the electrical symptoms of the constrictions completely. Scanning electron microscopy study shows that the electrodeposited copper has a dense and continuous texture. The use of the SIR process for repairing complete opens and making customized interconnections is also discussed.
Cholesterol Management in Theory and Practice (1997)

The preponderance of evidence confirms the importance of aggressive lipid modification in patients at risk for coronary heart disease (CHD). However, data suggest that this information is underimplemented in the clinical setting, even in patients with existing CHD, in whom the greatest benefit of such treatment has been shown. The fact that many practitioners do not pursue a proven treatment strategy in patients who qualify must be redressed through education and reinforcement of existing recommendations. In the present review, the current clinical and mechanistic understanding of the benefit of aggressive lipid management is summarized, with a focus on the clinical implications of recent findings. These include growing public awareness of cholesterol as a modifiable CHD risk factor, recommendations for earlier and more aggressive intervention in patients with existing disease, and discussion of the cost-effectiveness of lipid-regulating therapy. Despite the secular trend of declining CHD morbidity and mortality rates in recent years, CHD remains the leading cause of death in both men and women in the United States. It is imperative to prevent any reduction in public focus on primary and secondary prevention.
Progress in detection and treatment of prostate cancer (2005)

Recent data reported in the past year have significant implications for those involved in the management of prostate cancer. The results of the chemotherapy trials have resulted in new standards of care for this disease.
A novel platelet-type von Willebrand disease mutation (GP1BA p.Met255Ile) associated with type 2B “Malmö/New York” von Willebrand disease (2016)

Interaction between von Willebrand factor (VWF) and platelet GPIbα is required for primary haemostasis. Lack or loss-of-function in the ligand-receptor pair results in bleeding complications. Paradoxically, gain-of-function mutations in VWF or GPIbα also result in bleeding complications as observed in type 2B von Willebrand disease (VWD) and platelet-type- (PT-) VWD, respectively. A similar phenotype is observed with increased ristocetin-induced platelet agglutination and disappearance of the highest molecular weight multimers of VWF. We evaluated a patient with a bleeding disorder and a biological presentation compatible with type 2B VWD. VWF and platelet functional assays, sequencing of the VWF and GP1BA genes, and expression studies in HEK cells were performed. Sequencing of the VWF gene in the propositus revealed a heterozygous p.Pro1266Leu mutation previously found in type 2B VWD Malmö/New York. These variants are characterised by a mild phenotype and a normal VWF multimer composition suggesting the presence of a second mutation in our propositus. Sequencing of the GP1BA gene revealed a heterozygous c.765G>A substitution changing Met at position 255 of GPIbα to Ile. This new mutation is located in the β-switch domain where five other gain-of-function mutations have been reported in PT-VWD. Expression of GPIbα Ile255 in HEK GPIb-IX cells resulted in enhanced VWF binding compared to wild-type, similar to known PT-VWD mutations (p.Val249, p.Ser249 and p.Val255) indicating that it contributes to the propositus defects. This first report associating PT- with type 2B VWD illustrates the importance of combining biological assays with genetic testing to better understand the clinical phenotype.
Assisting the Visually Impaired: Obstacle Detection and Warning System by Acoustic Feedback (2012)

The aim of this article is focused on the design of an obstacle detection system for assisting visually impaired people. A dense disparity map is computed from the images of a stereo camera carried by the user. By using the dense disparity map, potential obstacles can be detected in 3D in indoor and outdoor scenarios. A ground plane estimation algorithm based on RANSAC plus filtering techniques allows the robust detection of the ground in every frame. A polar grid representation is proposed to account for the potential obstacles in the scene. The design is completed with acoustic feedback to assist visually impaired users while approaching obstacles. Beep sounds with different frequencies and repetitions inform the user about the presence of obstacles. Audio bone conducting technology is employed to play these sounds without interrupting the visually impaired user from hearing other important sounds from its local environment. A user study participated by four visually impaired volunteers supports the proposed system.
The synthesis and characteristics of sodium alginate/graphene oxide composite films crosslinked with multivalent cations (2016)

ABSTRACT Association of a method of the incorporation of graphene oxide (GO) into sodium alginate (Na‐alg) polymer matrix with a method of the use multivalent cations crosslinker was put forward to synthesize novel Na‐alg/GO nanocomposite films. The structures, morphologies, and the properties of Na‐alg/GO films were characterized by Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, X‐ray diffraction (XRD), field‐emission scanning electron microscopy (FE‐SEM), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), and tensile tests. The results revealed that the interlayer distance of GO sheets increased from 0.83 nm to 1.08 nm after assembling with Na‐alg, and Na‐alg inserted into GO layers crosslinking with multivalent cations increased the interlayer distance further. Ionic crosslinking significantly enhanced thermal and mechanical properties of Na‐alg/GO nanocomposite films. In particular, Fe 3+ led to Na‐alg/GO nanocomposite films of significantly higher tensile strength and modulus than Ca 2+ and Ba 2+ . The excellent thermal and mechanical properties of these novel Na‐alg/GO nanocomposite films may open up applications for Na‐alg films. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2016 , 133 , 43616.
Transit through the Flea Vector Induces a Pretransmission Innate Immunity Resistance Phenotype in Yersinia pestis (2010)

Yersinia pestis, the agent of plague, is transmitted to mammals by infected fleas. Y. pestis exhibits a distinct life stage in the flea, where it grows in the form of a cohesive biofilm that promotes transmission. After transmission, the temperature shift to 37 degrees C induces many known virulence factors of Y. pestis that confer resistance to innate immunity. These factors are not produced in the low-temperature environment of the flea, however, suggesting that Y. pestis is vulnerable to the initial encounter with innate immune cells at the flea bite site. In this study, we used whole-genome microarrays to compare the Y. pestis in vivo transcriptome in infective fleas to in vitro transcriptomes in temperature-matched biofilm and planktonic cultures, and to the previously characterized in vivo gene expression profile in the rat bubo. In addition to genes involved in metabolic adaptation to the flea gut and biofilm formation, several genes with known or predicted roles in resistance to innate immunity and pathogenicity in the mammal were upregulated in the flea. Y. pestis from infected fleas were more resistant to phagocytosis by macrophages than in vitro-grown bacteria, in part attributable to a cluster of insecticidal-like toxin genes that were highly expressed only in the flea. Our results suggest that transit through the flea vector induces a phenotype that enhances survival and dissemination of Y. pestis after transmission to the mammalian host.
Objective Quality Monitoring Issues in Digital Broadcasting Networks (2005)

This paper deals with objective quality monitoring for digital broadcasting networks. Several video quality assessment methods are described and discussed regarding the scope of applications. A no reference method for video quality assessment is proposed, based on the detection of mismatched blocks.
New Dynamic Ensemble of Classifiers Selection approach based on confusion matrix for Arabic Handwritten recognition (2012)

Arabic Pattern recognition can be regarded as a problem of classification, where different patterns are presented and be needed to classify into specified classes. One way to improve the recognition rates of pattern recognition tasks is to improve the accuracy of individual classifiers, and another is to apply ensemble of classifiers methods. The advantage of dynamic ensemble selection vs dynamic classifier selection is that we distribute the risk of this over-generalization by choosing a group of classifiers instead of one individual classifier for a test pattern. In this paper we propose a new approach for Arabic handwriting recognition based on dynamic selection of ensembles of classifiers. Our DECS-LA algorithm (Dynamic Ensemble of Classifiers Selection by Local accuracy) chooses the most confident ensemble of classifiers to label each test sample dynamically. Such a level of confidence is measured by calculating the proposed local reliability measure using confusion matrixes constructed during training level. After validation with voting and weighted voting and ten different classifiers, we show experimentally that choosing classifier ensembles dynamically taking into account the behavior classifier during test level by L-Reliability measure leads to increase recognition rate for Arabic Handwritten recognition system.
Experiments with an automated visual inspection system (2002)

Experiments were performed with the JPL automated visual inspection system that detects potential flaws in the exterior of the Space Station by comparing reference and comparison images. The imaging system consists of cameras, strobe lights, an image processor, and a simulated sunlight source. Two color CCD cameras with electronic shuttering (Toshiba IK-M41A) and two strobe lights (EG&G MVS5000) are mounted on the end of a seven DOF Robotics Research Corporation arm as part of an integrated multi-sensor end effector. The entire robot arm is mounted on a l DOF mobile rail platform. Three main components evaluated are: 1) image-differencing-based ambient light compensation, 2) electronic-shuttering-based ambient light rejection, and 3) image registration. The results indicate that the ambient light compensation algorithm yields 0.01% to 0.4% false flaws with lab-simulated sunlight changing front 25%; to 100% intensity. Electronic shuttering with synchronized strobe lighting reduces false flaws considerably. As exposure shortens from 1/60 (fully open) to 1/1000 second, false flaws decrease 100-fold from 0.4% to 0.004%. The current registration algorithm corrects a very limited range of misregistration, correcting approximately 4 pixels of pure translational shifts over the inspection surface. A more robust image registration algorithm that can correct both translational and rotational shifts over 10 pixels misregistration would be highly desirable.
CAMITAX: Taxon labels for microbial genomes (2019)

The number of microbial genome sequences is growing exponentially, also thanks to recent advances in recovering complete or near-complete genomes from metagenomes and single cells. Assigning reliable taxon labels to genomes is key and often a prerequisite for downstream analyses. We introduce CAMITAX, a scalable and reproducible workflow for the taxonomic labelling of microbial genomes recovered from isolates, single cells, and metagenomes. CAMI-TAX combines genome distance-, 16S rRNA gene-, and gene homology-based taxonomic assignments with phylogenetic placement. It uses Nextflow to orchestrate reference databases and software containers, and thus combines ease of installation and use with computational re-producibility. We evaluated the method on several hundred metagenome-assembled genomes with high-quality taxonomic annotations from the TARA Oceans project, and show that the ensemble classification method in CAMITAX improved on all individual methods across tested ranks. While we initially developed CAMITAX to aid the Critical Assessment of Metagenome Interpretation (CAMI) initiative, it evolved into a comprehensive software to reliably assign taxon labels to microbial genomes. CAMITAX is available under the Apache License 2.0 at: https://github.com/CAMI-challenge/CAMITAX
Genetic Evidence for the Heterodimeric Structure of Glucosidase II (1999)

It has been proposed that in rat and murine tissues glucosidase II (GII) is formed by two subunits, GIIalpha and GIIbeta, respectively, responsible for the catalytic activity and the retention of the enzyme in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER). To test this proposal we disrupted genes (gls2alpha(+) and gls2beta(+)) encoding GIIalpha and GIIbeta homologs in Schizosaccharomyces pombe. Both mutant cells (gls2alpha and gls2beta) were completely devoid of GII activity in cell-free assays. Nevertheless, N-oligosaccharides formed in intact gls2alpha cells were identified as Glc(2)Man(9)GlcNAc(2) and Glc(2)Man(8)GlcNAc(2), whereas gls2beta cells formed, in addition, small amounts of Glc(1)Man(9)GlcNAc(2). It is suggested that this last compound was formed by GIIalpha transiently present in the ER. Monoglucosylated oligosaccharides facilitated glycoprotein folding in S. pombe as mutants, in which formation of monoglucosylated glycoproteins was completely (gls2alpha) or severely (gls2beta and UDP-Glc:glycoprotein:glucosyltransferase null) diminished, showed ER accumulation of misfolded glycoproteins when grown in the absence of exogenous stress as revealed by (a) induction of binding protein-encoding mRNA and (b) accumulation of glycoproteins bearing ER-specific oligosaccharides. Moreover, the same as in mammalian cell systems, formation of monoglucosylated oligosaccharides decreased the folding rate and increased the folding efficiency of glycoproteins as pulse-chase experiments revealed that carboxypeptidase Y arrived at a higher rate but in decreased amounts to the vacuoles of gls2alpha than to those of wild type cells.
AKT2 is a downstream target of metabotropic glutamate receptor 1 (Grm1) (2009)

We reported earlier on the oncogenic properties of Grm1 by demonstrating that stable Grm1-mouse-melanocytic clones proliferate in the absence of growth supplement and anchorage in vitro. In addition, these clones also exhibit aggressive tumorigenic phenotypes in vivo with short latency in tumor formation in both immunodeficient and syngeneic mice. We also detected strong activation of AKT in allograft tumors specifically AKT2 as the predominant isoform involved. In parallel, we assessed several human melanoma biopsy samples and found again that AKT2 was the predominantly activated AKT in these human melanoma biopsies. In cultured stable Grm1-mouse-melanocytic clones, as well as an metabotropic glutamate receptor 1 (Grm1) expressing human melanoma cell line, C8161, stimulation of Grm1 by its agonist led to the activation of AKT, while preincubation with Grm1-antagonist abolished Grm1-agonist-induced AKT activation. In addition, a reduction in tumor volume of Grm1-mouse-melanocytic-allografts was detected in the presence of small interfering AKT2 RNA (siAKT2). Taken together, these results showed that, in addition to the MAPK pathway previously reported being a downstream target of stimulated Grm1, AKT2 is another downstream target in Grm1 mediated melanocyte transformation.
<sup>13</sup>C NMR spectroscopy of indole derivatives (1987)

Abstract The chemical shifts of 298 naturally occurring and synthetic compounds containing the indole chromophoric group are listed. Substituent effects on 13 C chemical shifts (SCS) induced by substitution on the heteroaromatic five‐membered ring are discussed. The data provide a reference set for future 13 C NMR investigations and highlight the need for unambiguous experimental evidence to resolve controversial assignments for differently substituted representative indole derivatives. Many original assignments have been changed, and values not considered to be unambiguously assinged are delineated. The 1 J (CH) values for the parent indole were measured.
Four clinically utilized drugs were identified and validated for treatment of adrenocortical cancer using quantitative high-throughput screening (2012)

qHTS of previously approved compounds is an effective and efficient method to identify anticancer drugs for a rare cancer such as ACC. We have validated the antineoplastic effect of Bortezomib, ouabain, Methotrexate and pyrimethamine, which could be translated into clinical trials in patients with locally advanced and/or metastatic ACC.
Unraveling the Mechanism of Electrospray Ionization (2012)

Electrospray ionization (ESI) generates intact gas-phase ions from analytes in solution for mass spectrometric investigations. ESI can proceed via different mechanisms. Low molecular weight analytes follow the ion evaporation model (IEM), whereas the charged residue model (CRM) applies to large globular species. A chain ejection model (CEM) has been proposed for disordered polymers.
Band Gap Engineering of Boron Nitride by Graphene and Its Application as Positive Electrode Material in Asymmetric Supercapacitor Device (2015)

Nanostructured hexagonal boron nitride (h-BN)/reduced graphene oxide (RGO) composite is prepared by insertion of h-BN into the graphene oxide through hydrothermal reaction. Formation of the super lattice is confirmed by the existence of two separate UV-visible absorption edges corresponding to two different band gaps. The composite materials show enhanced electrical conductivity as compared to the bulk h-BN. A high specific capacitance of ∼824 F g(-1) is achieved at a current density of 4 A g(-1) for the composite in three-electrode electrochemical measurement. The potential window of the composite electrode lies in the range from -0.1 to 0.5 V in 6 M aqueous KOH electrolyte. The operating voltage is increased to 1.4 V in asymmetric supercapacitor (ASC) device where the thermally reduced graphene oxide is used as the negative electrode and the h-BN/RGO composite as the positive electrode. The ASC exhibits a specific capacitance of 145.7 F g(-1) at a current density of 6 A g(-1) and high energy density of 39.6 W h kg(-1) corresponding to a large power density of ∼4200 W kg(-1). Therefore, a facile hydrothermal route is demonstrated for the first time to utilize h-BN-based composite materials as energy storage electrode materials for supercapacitor applications.
Wall structure and surface chemistry of hydrothermal carbon nanofibres (2003)

A transmission electron microscopy examination of hydrothermally produced carbon nanofibres/nanotubes with outer diameter 50-200 nm suggests that the tube walls are inclined with respect to the tube axis. The apex angles are in the range 8degrees- 16degrees. The structure of these tubes and their growth mechanism can be described by a conical-scroll model. The conical-scroll structure enables functionalization of both inner and outer tube surfaces. The outer wall of these nanofibres is shown to be covered by a hair-like layer, with a characteristic length of about 0.5 nm. Electron energy loss spectroscopy suggests that these 'hairs' are functional groups containing oxygen and carbon. The presence of these groups on the tube surface can account for the reported hydrophilic character of these tubes.
3D Image Reconstruction from Multi-Focus Microscope: Axial Super-Resolution and Multiple-Frame Processing (2018)

Multi-focus microscope (MFM) provides a way to obtain 3D information by simultaneously capturing multiple focal planes. The naive method for MFM reconstruction is to stack the sub-images with alignment. However, the resolution in the z-axis in this method is limited by the number of acquired focal planes. In this work we build on a recent reconstruction algorithm for MFM, using information from multiple frames to improve the reconstruction quality. We propose two multiple-frame MFM image reconstruction algorithms: batch and recursive approaches. In the batch approach, we take multiple MFM frames and jointly estimate the 3D image and the motion for each frame. In the recursive approach, we utilize the reconstructed image from the previous frame. Experimental results show that the proposed algorithms produce a sequence of 3D object reconstruction with high quality that enable reconstruction of dynamic extended objects.
Action-Constrained Markov Decision Processes With Kullback-Leibler Cost (2018)

This paper concerns computation of optimal policies in which the one-step reward function contains a cost term that models Kullback-Leibler divergence with respect to nominal dynamics. This technique was introduced by Todorov in 2007, where it was shown under general conditions that the solution to the average-reward optimality equations reduce to a simple eigenvector problem. Since then many authors have sought to apply this technique to control problems and models of bounded rationality in economics. A crucial assumption is that the input process is essentially unconstrained. For example, if the nominal dynamics include randomness from nature (e.g., the impact of wind on a moving vehicle), then the optimal control solution does not respect the exogenous nature of this disturbance. This paper introduces a technique to solve a more general class of action-constrained MDPs. The main idea is to solve an entire parameterized family of MDPs, in which the parameter is a scalar weighting the one-step reward function. The approach is new and practical even in the original unconstrained formulation.
Topical TRPM8 Agonist for Relieving Neuropathic Ocular Pain in Patients with Dry Eye: A Pilot Study (2021)

TRPM8 agonist (C3) could be a novel agent for treating patients with DE-associated NOP who are unresponsive to conventional treatments.
Acid stable dibenzylidene sorbitol gelled clear solid antiperspirant formulations: I (1986)

Etude de sticks antisudoripares a base de di-O-benzylidene-1,3:2,4 sorbitol (agent gelifiant) et d'acetate de zinc, hexamethylenetetramine ou acetamide (stabilisant)