gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Abstract 5740: 124I-CLR1404 and 131I-CLR1404: Broad spectrum diapeutic agents for cancer cell-targeted PET imaging and molecular radiotherapy (2012)

Abstract Selective delivery of therapeutic and diagnostic agents to malignant tumors versus normal tissues continues to be an important goal in cancer research and clinical practice. We have been developing cancer specific, iodinated phospholipid ether (PLE) analogs for tumor imaging and molecular radiotherapy. These PLEs localize in cancer cells selectively via plasma membrane lipid rafts, more abundant in cancer cells compared to normal cells, using them as portals of entry. Isosteric iodine substitution in CLR1404 affords either a diagnostic/imaging agent (e.g. using 124I for cancer-selective PET imaging) or a molecular radiotherapeutic agent (e.g. using 131I for cancer-selective cytotoxicity), both of which are in clinical development. We suggest the term “diapeutic” to describe such drugs which can be used in one form to identify and characterize patients who will benefit from a specific therapy and, in another form, to effect that therapy. A fluorescent analog of CLR1404, CLR1501, as well as a radioactive homolog displayed increased, lipid raft-dependent selective uptake and prolonged retention in a wide variety of cancer cell lines in comparison to normal human cells. Intracellular accumulation was observed in organellar membranes (ER, Golgi, mitochondria, autophagosomes). Lipid raft involvement in uptake was supported by co-localization of CLR1501 and lipid raft molecular markers. Lipid raft-dependence of uptake into cancer cells was confirmed by the finding that it was significantly decreased after disruption of lipid rafts with Filipin III. In vivo, nuclear imaging with radioiodinated CLR1404 revealed tumor-selective uptake and retention in 52 of 54 rodent cancer models tested, including human tumor xenograft, transgenic and spontaneous tumor models. In these models, 124I-CLR1404 clearly imaged both primary tumors and metastases. In vivo tumor conspicuity was apparent by 24 hours after i.v. administration and appeared undiminished at 120 hours. In contrast, the extra-tumoral 124I-CLR1404 PET signal decreased dramatically over the same time period as the agent was excreted. By 48 hours, no other tissues or organs showed significant labeling above the background of the blood compartment. Tumor uptake was not seen in models of benign hyperplasia. SPECT/CT imaging after administration of 131I-CLR1404 to cancer patients in the context of a Phase 1a dosimetric clinical trial also demonstrated selective uptake into malignant tumors, including metastases. Used in tandem, these chemically identical isosteres offer a personalized, diapeutic approach to cancer therapy, with 124I-CLR1404 imaging serving as an ideal qualitative and quantitative biomarker for subsequent treatment with 131I-CLR1404. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 103rd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2012 Mar 31-Apr 4; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2012;72(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 5740. doi:1538-7445.AM2012-5740
The Conversion of Starch and Sugars into Branched C<sub>10</sub> and C<sub>11</sub> Hydrocarbons (2016)

Abstract Invited for this month′s cover are Andrew Sutton and John Gordon and their co‐workers at Los Alamos National Laboratory. The image illustrates a concept of using biomass to derived fuel and fuel molecules through simple catalytic transformations. The Communication itself is available at 10.1002/cssc.201600669 .
Magnetic Properties of Fe-Based Amorphous Powders With High-Saturation Induction Produced by Spinning Water Atomization Process (SWAP) (2008)

Fe-based amorphous powders with high magnetic flux density were fabricated in an extremely high cooling rate of over 10 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">6</sup> K/s by spinning water atomization process (SWAP). The composition of the alloys studied were Fe <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">79</sub> (Si <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">0.5</sub> B <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">0.5</sub> ) <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">19</sub> C <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> and Fe <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">x</sub> (Si <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">0.3</sub> B <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">0.7</sub> ) <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">98-x</sub> C <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> (x = 79,80,81,83,84). The saturation flux density Bs increased with increasing iron content. For Fe <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">83</sub> (Si <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">0.3</sub> B <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">0.7</sub> ) <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">15</sub> C <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> , the Bs value was 1.64 T, which is 31% higher than that of our previously developed (Fe <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">0.97</sub> Cr <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">0.03</sub> ) <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">76</sub> (Si <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">0.5</sub> B <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">0.5</sub> ) <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">22</sub> C <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> alloy. Furthermore, consolidated cores of amorphous powders were also fabricated by compact-pressing techniques.
Design, Synthesis, and Biological Properties of highly Potent Cyclic Dynorphin A Analogs. Analogs Cyclized between Positions 5 and 11 (1994)

We have recently reported the synthesis of several cyclic disulfide bridge-containing peptide analogues of dynorphin A (Dyn A), which were conformationally constrained in the putative address segment of the opioid ligand. Several of these analogues, bridged between positions 5 and 11 of Dyn A1-11-NH2, exhibited unexpected selectivities for the kappa and mu receptors of the central over the peripheral nervous systems. In order to further investigate the conformational and topographical requirements for the residues in positions 5 and 11 of these analogues, we have synthesized a systematic series of Dyn A1-11-NH2 analogues incorporating the sulfydryl containing amino acids L- and D-Cys and L- and D-Pen in positions 5 and 11, thus producing 16 cyclic peptides. In addition, Dyn A1-11-NH2, [D-Leu5]Dyn A1-11-NH2, and [D-Lys11]Dyn A1-11-NH2 were synthesized as standards. Several of these cyclic analogues, especially c[Cys5,D-Cys11] Dyn A1-11-NH2, c[Cys5, L- or D-Pen11]Dyn A1-11-NH2, c[Pen5, L-Pen11]Dyn A1-11-NH2 and c[Pen5, L- or D-Cys11]Dyn A1-11-NH2, retained the same affinity and selectivity (vs the mu and delta receptors) as the parent compound Dyn A1-11-NH2 in the guinea pig brain (GPB). These same analogues and most others exhibited a much lower activity in the guinea pig ileum (GPI), thus leading to centrally vs peripherally selective peptides, but showed a different structure-activity relationship than found previously. In a wider scope, this series of analogues also provided new insights into which amino acids (and their configurations) may be used in positions 5 and 11 of Dyn A analogues for high potency and good selectivity at kappa opioid receptors. The results obtained in the GPB suggest that requirements for binding are not the same for the kappa, mu, or delta central receptors.
A Critical Role for Fas Ligand in the Active Suppression of Systemic Immune Responses by Ultraviolet Radiation (1999)

Induction of antigen-specific suppression elicited by environmental insults, such as ultraviolet (UV)-B radiation in sunlight, can inhibit an effective immune response in vivo and may contribute to the outgrowth of UV-induced skin cancer. Although UV-induced DNA damage is known to be an initiating event in the immune suppression of most antigen responses, the underlying mechanism(s) of such suppression remain undefined. In this report, we document that Fas ligand (FasL) is critical for UV-induced systemic immune suppression. Normal mice acutely exposed to UV exhibit a profound suppression of both contact hypersensitivity and delayed type hypersensitivity (DTH) reactions and the development of transferable antigen-specific suppressor cells. FasL-deficient mice exposed to UV lack both transferable suppressor cell activity and primary suppression to all antigens tested, with the exception of the DTH response to allogeneic spleen cells. Interestingly, suppression of this response is also known to occur independently of UV-induced DNA damage. Delivery of alloantigen as protein, rather than intact cells, restored the requirement for FasL in UV-induced immune suppression of this response. These results substantiate that FasL/Fas interactions are essential for systemic UV-induced suppression of immune responses that involve host antigen presentation and suggest an interrelationship between UV-induced DNA damage and FasL in this phenomenon. Collectively, our results suggest a model whereby UV-induced DNA damage disarms the immune system in a manner similar to that observed in immunologically privileged sites.
An automated landmark-based elastic registration technique for large deformation recovery from 4-D CT lung images (2012)

The treatment plan evaluation for lung cancer patients involves pre-treatment and post-treatment volume CT imaging of the lung. However, treatment of the tumor volume lung results in structural changes to the lung during the course of treatment. In order to register the pre-treatment volume to post-treatment volume, there is a need to find robust and homologous features which are not affected by the radiation treatment along with a smooth deformation field. Since airways are well-distributed in the entire lung, in this paper, we propose use of airway tree bifurcations for registration of the pre-treatment volume to the post-treatment volume. A dedicated and automated algorithm has been developed that finds corresponding airway bifurcations in both images. To derive the 3-D deformation field, a B-spline transformation model guided by mutual information similarity metric was used to guarantee the smoothness of the transformation while combining global information from bifurcation points. Therefore, the approach combines both global statistical intensity information with local image feature information. Since during normal breathing, the lung undergoes large nonlinear deformations, it is expected that the proposed method would also be applicable to large deformation registration between maximum inhale and maximum exhale images in the same subject. The method has been evaluated by registering 3-D CT volumes at maximum exhale data to all the other temporal volumes in the POPI-model data.
Management of pituitary gonadal function via gonadotrophin releasing hormone (GnRH) antagonists, including ovulation induction by co-administration of either gonadotrophins or pulsatile GnRH (1993)

GnRH agonists are now familiar clinical agents and are often the drugs of choice for suppression of the pituitary gonadal axis as part of various clinical indications. GnRH antagonists, which are likely to become clinically available soon, offer several advantages over the currently available GnRH agonists for many applications including ovulation induction. Here, we review the results from a series of pre-clinical studies designed to evaluate the potential clinical utility of this new class of compounds for ovulation induction protocols.
Optofluidic Platform with Integrated Optical Waveguides and Sample Preparation for Digitized Detection of Nucleic Acid Targets (2019)

An architecture of sensitive solid-core and liquid-core optical waveguides are integrated with a pneumatic valve array on a single optofluidic platform to enable specific capture, labeling and detection of single nucleic acid strands using barcode fluorescence reporters. © 2019 The Author(s)
Frequency-dependent crosstalk modeling for on-chip interconnections (2002)

An extensive study of crosstalk simulation issues for on-chip interconnections was performed for representative six-layer Al(Cu) structures. Guidelines are given for the range of conditions when R(f)L(f)C vs. RLC vs. RC representations are valid. Examples are also given of realistic short and long coupled-section interactions and the effect of in-plane neighbouring connections is discussed. Signal propagation and crosstalk are analyzed over the temperature range -160/spl deg/C to +100/spl deg/C and it is shown that Al(Cu) wiring can sustain 4.44 GHz processor frequency at T=+25/spl deg/C operation.
Hypertension in Pregnancy (2010)

Hypertensive disorders are among the most common medical complications of pregnancy, with an incidence of approximately 6-10%. This spectrum of conditions includes essential hypertension, pre-eclampsia and HELLP syndrome. For patients with pre-existing hypertension, management ideally commences prior to conception, and continues through pregnancy to the postnatal period. This book provides information on the evidence-based management of women with hypertension throughout pregnancy, supported by important background information on the etiology, risk-factors and pathophysiology of these disorders. Illustrated with accompanying algorithms, tables and lists for quick reference on diagnostic criteria, drugs and side-effects, this book will help clinicians rapidly gain access to the information they need to care for these patients. This will to be of interest to all grades of obstetric trainees as well as specialists, obstetric anesthetists and anesthetic trainees, midwives and maternal-fetal physicians.
Homogeneous catalytic hydrogenation of carboxylic acid esters to alcohols (1980)

The homogeneous catalytic hydrogenation of activated and simple aliphatic carboxylic acid esters to their corresponding primary alcohols has been accomplished under mild conditions [90 °C; 620 kPa (gauge) of hydrogen] using a novel anionic ruthenium hydride complex.
Device for applying plugging mix to well walls. [For plugging off a producing zone for further drilling] (1984)

A device for applying plugging mix to well walls comprises installed in series and interconnected a piston having passages for the flow of a fluid and spring-biased locking members for fixing the position of the device with respect to a drilling string, and a head carrying vanes for applying plugging mix to well walls and a bit for drilling-off the mix installed at the distal end of the head. The head has passages for the flow of the fluid. The vanes are made in the form of two plates installed on opposite sides of the head at an angle with respect to its axis of rotation, the vanes being radially movable with respect to the axis of rotation. The piston, the head and the bit are of a diameter which is slightly smaller than the nominal inside diameter of the drilling string.
Multicarrier DS CDMA systems in the presence of partial band interference (2002)

Applies a multicarrier signalling technique to a direct sequence CDMA system. This type of signalling has the desirable properties of exhibiting a narrowband interference suppression effect, along with robustness to fading, without requiring the use of either an explicit RAKE structure or an interference suppression filter. The authors use bandlimited spreading waveforms to prevent self-interference, and evaluate the system performance over a frequency selective Rayleigh channel in the presence of partial band interference.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Solubilization of the functional C5a receptor from human polymorphonuclear leukocytes. (1988)

The C5a receptor has been extracted in an active state from the membranes of human polymorphonuclear leukocytes with the detergents digitonin and beta-dodecyl maltoside. The solubilized receptor exhibits a single class of high affinity binding sites with a Kd = 90 pM, a value similar to that found with intact membranes. Physical studies with the soluble receptor demonstrate that it exists in two forms which differ in molecular mass. Gel filtration experiments with receptor to which C5a has been bound give an apparent molecular mass for the complex of 150-200 kDa. When the experiments were repeated with nonliganded receptor, most of the C5a binding activity eluted with an apparent mass of 150-200 kDa. However, the peak had a pronounced trailing shoulder indicating that, in the nonliganded state, a portion of the receptor population exists in a smaller form, which may be converted to the larger form on binding C5a. The molecular mass of the smaller form, estimated to be 30-70 kDa, is consistent with that of the binding subunit of the receptor. These data imply that the larger form, and therefore the bulk of the solubilized receptor, is oligomeric, a conclusion which is supported by cross-linking studies. When C5a was cross-linked to the soluble receptor two specific complexes with molecular masses of 52 and 95 kDa were formed. The former is the covalent adduct of C5a and the binding subunit of the receptor and the latter appears to be a complex between the 52-kDa species and an additional polypeptide.
EvolveGCN: Evolving Graph Convolutional Networks for Dynamic Graphs (2020)

Graph representation learning resurges as a trending research subject owing to the widespread use of deep learning for Euclidean data, which inspire various creative designs of neural networks in the non-Euclidean domain, particularly graphs. With the success of these graph neural networks (GNN) in the static setting, we approach further practical scenarios where the graph dynamically evolves. Existing approaches typically resort to node embeddings and use a recurrent neural network (RNN, broadly speaking) to regulate the embeddings and learn the temporal dynamics. These methods require the knowledge of a node in the full time span (including both training and testing) and are less applicable to the frequent change of the node set. In some extreme scenarios, the node sets at different time steps may completely differ. To resolve this challenge, we propose EvolveGCN, which adapts the graph convolutional network (GCN) model along the temporal dimension without resorting to node embeddings. The proposed approach captures the dynamism of the graph sequence through using an RNN to evolve the GCN parameters. Two architectures are considered for the parameter evolution. We evaluate the proposed approach on tasks including link prediction, edge classification, and node classification. The experimental results indicate a generally higher performance of EvolveGCN compared with related approaches. The code is available at https://github.com/IBM/EvolveGCN.
Near UV emission during electrical tree initiation in LDPE (1986)

Several mechanisms have been proposed for electrical tree initiation in high voltage (HV) transmission and distribution cables. These include fatigue cracking due to Maxwell stress, Joule heating that leads to thermal decomposition, high field induced impact ionization and hot electrons that can break bonds of the polymer insulation. These mechanisms acting singly or in combination can cause insulation failure but none of these has been able to adequately explain the gradual degradation that occurs in cables which operate at stresses much lower than the breakdown strength of the polymeric insulation. It has been reported that light is emitted when low-density polyethylene (LDPE) is subjected to highly divergent electric fields at cryogenic [l] and room [2] temperatures. Such fields can be produced by metallic inclusions or protusions in the polymer and are usually simulated by embedding needles into the polymer. It was shown recently [3] that the mechanism of charge transfer across the metal-polymer interface controls the voltage at which light inception occurs at the needle tips.
Blind null-space tracking for MIMO underlay cognitive radio networks (2012)

Blind Null Space Learning [1] has recently been proposed for fast and accurate learning of the null-space associated with the channel matrix between a secondary transmitter and a primary receiver. In this paper we propose a channel tracking enhancement of the algorithm, namely the Blind Null Space Tracking algorithm, that allows transmission of information to the Secondary Receiver while simultaneously learning the null-space of the time-varying target channel. Specifically, the enhanced algorithm initially performs a sweep in order to acquire the null space. Then, it performs modified Jacobi rotations such that the induced interference is kept lower than a given threshold P <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">Th</sub> with probability p while information is transmitted to the secondary receiver simultaneously. The learning process is performed based on sensing whether the transmit power of the primary user has increased or decreased between adaptations. We present simulation results indicating that the proposed approach has strictly better performance over the Blind Null Space Learning algorithm for channels with independent Rayleigh fading at a low Doppler frequency.
Generation of blue chrysanthemums by anthocyanin B-ring hydroxylation and glucosylation and its coloration mechanism (2017)

Various colored cultivars of ornamental flowers have been bred by hybridization and mutation breeding; however, the generation of blue flowers for major cut flower plants, such as roses, chrysanthemums, and carnations, has not been achieved by conventional breeding or genetic engineering. Most blue-hued flowers contain delphinidin-based anthocyanins; therefore, delphinidin-producing carnation, rose, and chrysanthemum flowers have been generated by overexpression of the gene encoding flavonoid 3',5'-hydroxylase (F3'5'H), the key enzyme for delphinidin biosynthesis. Even so, the flowers are purple/violet rather than blue. To generate true blue flowers, blue pigments, such as polyacylated anthocyanins and metal complexes, must be introduced by metabolic engineering; however, introducing and controlling multiple transgenes in plants are complicated processes. We succeeded in generating blue chrysanthemum flowers by introduction of butterfly pea UDP (uridine diphosphate)-glucose:anthocyanin 3',5'-<i>O</i>-glucosyltransferase gene, in addition to the expression of the Canterbury bells <i>F3'5'H</i>. Newly synthesized 3',5'-diglucosylated delphinidin-based anthocyanins exhibited a violet color under the weakly acidic pH conditions of flower petal juice and showed a blue color only through intermolecular association, termed "copigmentation," with flavone glucosides in planta. Thus, we achieved the development of blue color by a two-step modification of the anthocyanin structure. This simple method is a promising approach to generate blue flowers in various ornamental plants by metabolic engineering.