gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Improved Neural Relation Detection for Knowledge Base Question Answering (2017)

Relation detection is a core component for many NLP applications including Knowledge Base Question Answering (KBQA). In this paper, we propose a hierarchical recurrent neural network enhanced by residual learning that detects KB relations given an input question. Our method uses deep residual bidirectional LSTMs to compare questions and relation names via different hierarchies of abstraction. Additionally, we propose a simple KBQA system that integrates entity linking and our proposed relation detector to enable one enhance another. Experimental results evidence that our approach achieves not only outstanding relation detection performance, but more importantly, it helps our KBQA system to achieve state-of-the-art accuracy for both single-relation (SimpleQuestions) and multi-relation (WebQSP) QA benchmarks.
Identification by Heterologous Expression and Gene Disruption of VisA as <scp>l</scp> -Lysine 2-Aminotransferase Essential for Virginiamycin S Biosynthesis in <i>Streptomyces virginiae</i> (2002)

The visA gene of Streptomyces virginiae has been thought to be a part of the virginiamycin S (VS) biosynthetic gene cluster based on its location in the middle of genes that encode enzymes highly similar to those participating in the biosynthesis of streptogramin-type antibiotics. Heterologous expression of the visA gene was achieved in Escherichia coli by an N-terminal fusion with thioredoxin (TrxA), and the intact recombinant VisA protein (rVisA) was purified after cleavage with enterokinase to remove the TrxA moiety. The purified rVisA showed clear L-lysine 2-aminotransferase activity with an optimum pH of around 8.0 and an optimum temperature at 35 degrees C, with 2-oxohexanoate as the best amino acceptor, indicating that VisA converts L-lysine into Delta(1)-piperidine 2-carboxylic acid. A visA deletion mutant of S. virginiae was created by homologous recombination, and the in vivo function of the visA gene was studied by phenotypic comparison between the wild type and the visA deletion mutant. No differences in growth in liquid media or in morphological behavior on solid media were observed, indicating that visA is not involved in primary metabolism or morphological differentiation. However, the visA mutant failed to produce VS while maintaining the production of virginiamycin M(1) at a level comparable to that of the parental wild-type strain, demonstrating that visA is essential to VS biosynthesis. These results, together with the observed recovery of the defect in VS production by the external addition of 3-hydroxypicolinic acid (3-HPA), a starter molecule in VS biosynthesis, suggest that VisA is the first enzyme of the VS biosynthetic pathway and that it supplies 3-HPA from L-lysine.
Exploring Salt and Solvent Effects in Chloride-Based Electrolytes for Magnesium Electrodeposition and Dissolution (2015)

We describe in this work Mg electrodeposition and dissolution from a wide range of inorganic ethereal electrolytes consisting of MgCl2 and a second chloride salt. Systematic variations of the cosalt reveal two broad classes of electrolytes, namely, the group 13 electrolytes, which require electrolytic cycling to improve their performance, and electrolytes based on heavy p-block chlorides, which exhibit Mg intermetallic formation. Results from electrospray ionization mass spectrometry demonstrate that Mg deposition and stripping only occur in electrolytes containing Mg multimers. We also explore the role of solvent in determining the electrochemical performance of chloride-based electrolytes. Our analysis establishes thermodynamic parameters that dictate the ability of a solvent to support Mg electrochemistry in the MgCl2–AlCl3 system. In their totality, these results illustrate important electrolyte design guidelines for future Mg-ion batteries.
Spring, a Novel RING Finger Protein That Regulates Synaptic Vesicle Exocytosis (2001)

The synaptosome-associated protein of 25 kDa (SNAP-25) interacts with syntaxin 1 and vesicle-associated membrane protein 2 (VAMP2) to form a ternary soluble N-ethylmaleimide-sensitive fusion protein attachment protein receptor (SNARE) complex that is essential for synaptic vesicle exocytosis. We report a novel RING finger protein, Spring, that specifically interacts with SNAP-25. Spring is exclusively expressed in brain and is concentrated at synapses. The association of Spring with SNAP-25 abolishes the ability of SNAP-25 to interact with syntaxin 1 and VAMP2 and prevents the assembly of the SNARE complex. Overexpression of Spring or its SNAP-25-interacting domain reduces Ca(2+)-dependent exocytosis from PC12 cells. These results indicate that Spring may act as a regulator of synaptic vesicle exocytosis by controlling the availability of SNAP-25 for the SNARE complex formation.
Food Contact Surfaces’ Hidden Secrets and Food Handlers’ State of Readiness (2019)

A guarantee for clean and safe food could be achieved when the standards of food hygiene at each preparation process and cooking practices are monitored and measured accordingly. This research examines the effectiveness of a self-regulatory practice in non-commercial residential establishments. The level of hygiene of cleaned food surface contacts was analysed through swab analysis. After a 24 hours incubation, the RIDA® count plates identified light blue colonies as total coliforms, demonstrating the existence of contamination across the majority of the selected food contact surfaces. This research, therefore, strongly encourage the application of a simple scientific tool to ensure accuracy and efficiency in the measurement of hygiene and sanitisation as it could affect the quality of life of the consumers.
Commercialization of a value-engineered photovoltaic tracking system (1996)

Our paper summarizes research and development results to design and commercialize a value-engineered photovoltaic (PV) array tracking system. The PV system, called PolarTracker/sup TM/, was empirically demonstrated at the Solar Test and Research Facility (STAR) of Arizona Public Service Company (APS) by PowerLight corporation and New World Power. Performance data is presented. Value-engineering the PolarTracker/sup TM/ has accelerated the cost-effective implementation of PV in targeted grid-support applications, through reduction in production energy cost and increase in on-peak availability.
Ratiometric Fluorescence Imaging of Cellular Glutathione (2011)

A fluorescent probe (1) with a hydrogen bond was designed for the detection of GSH. The probe exhibited a rapid and ratiometric fluorescence response to GSH through a Michael reaction and allowed us to obtain clear cellular images for GSH.
Lung Fibroblast Repair Functions in Patients with Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease Are Altered by Multiple Mechanisms (2008)

Fibroblasts from individuals with COPD have reduced capability to sustain tissue repair, which suggests that this may be one mechanism that contributes to the development of emphysema.
A self-tuning PID controller and its application for an ethylene cracking furnace (2002)

PID control schemes based on classical control theory have been widely used for real control systems up to now, since we can consider the control parameters as PID gains of proportional, integral and differential actions. Furthermore, there are many researches have been carried out regarding the tuning method of PID gains, since the control performance depends on these gains. Also several self-tuning and auto-tuning techniques in the PID control systems have been reported for systems with unknown parameters. However, there is so far no result on discrete-time systems with unknown time-delays. On the other hand, the pole-assignment control scheme has been reported as a useful self-tuning control technique for unknown time-delay systems. In this paper, we present a self-tuning PID control algorithm for unknown time-delay systems, based on the relationship between PID and pole-assignment control schemes.
Ensemble Additive Margin Softmax for Speaker Verification (2019)

End-to-end speaker embedding systems have shown promising performance on speaker verification tasks. Traditional end-to-end systems typically adopt softmax loss as training criterion, which is not strong enough for training discriminative models. In this paper, we adapt the additive margin softmax (AM-Softmax) loss, which is originally proposed for face verification, to speaker embedding systems. Furthermore, we propose a novel ensemble loss, called ensemble additive margin softmax (EAM-Softmax) loss, for speaker embedding by integrating Hilbert-Schmidt independence criterion (HSIC) into the speaker embedding system with the AM-Softmax loss. Experiments on a large-scale dataset VoxCeleb show that AM-Softmax loss is better than traditional loss functions, and approaches using EAM-Softmax loss can outperform existing speaker verification methods to achieve state-of-the-art performance.
Inhibition of Calcineurin or IMP Dehydrogenase Exerts Moderate to Potent Antiviral Activity against Norovirus Replication (2017)

Norovirus is a major cause of acute gastroenteritis worldwide and has emerged as an important issue of chronic infection in transplantation patients. Since no approved antiviral is available, we evaluated the effects of different immunosuppressants and ribavirin on norovirus and explored their mechanisms of action by using a human norovirus (HuNV) replicon-harboring model and a surrogate murine norovirus (MNV) infectious model. The roles of the corresponding drug targets were investigated by gain- or loss-of-function approaches. We found that the calcineurin inhibitors cyclosporine (CsA) and tacrolimus (FK506) moderately inhibited HuNV replication. Gene silencing of their cellular targets, cyclophilin A, FKBP12, and calcineurin, significantly inhibited HuNV replication. A low concentration, therapeutically speaking, of mycophenolic acid (MPA), an uncompetitive IMP dehydrogenase (IMPDH) inhibitor, potently and rapidly inhibited norovirus replication and ultimately cleared HuNV replicons without inducible resistance following long-term drug exposure. Knockdown of the MPA cellular targets IMPDH1 and IMPDH2 suppressed HuNV replication. Consistent with the nucleotide-synthesizing function of IMPDH, exogenous guanosine counteracted the antinorovirus effects of MPA. Furthermore, the competitive IMPDH inhibitor ribavirin efficiently inhibited norovirus and resulted in an additive effect when combined with immunosuppressants. The results from this study demonstrate that calcineurin phosphatase activity and IMPDH guanine synthase activity are crucial in sustaining norovirus infection; thus, they can be therapeutically targeted. Our results suggest that MPA shall be preferentially considered immunosuppressive medication for transplantation patients at risk of norovirus infection, whereas ribavirin represents as a potential antiviral for both immunocompromised and immunocompetent patients with norovirus gastroenteritis.
Monolithic chip-to-chip WDM optical proximity coupler utilizing echelle grating multiplexer/demultiplexer integrated with micro mirrors built on SOI platform (2010)

We report the first monolithically integrated chip-to-chip WDM optical proximity coupler with 4-channel × 200 GHz-spacing multiplexer/demultiplexer (MUX/DEMUX) functionality utilizing an echelle grating, micro reflective mirrors, and waveguide mode transformers on single silicon-on-insulator (SOI) substrate.
Studies On Antimicrobial Susceptibility Pattern Of Salmonella Isolates From Chennai, India (2011)

Typhoid fever is a major health problem as the causative agent Salmonella enterica serovar typhi and paratyphi A has developed resistance to many antimicrobial agents. The study was undertaken to find out the antimicrobial susceptibility pattern of Salmonella isolates. We have studied 176 Salmonella isolates - 172 blood isolates, 3 stools isolates and one isolate from bone marrow. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing was done by disc diffusion method and MIC by agar dilution method. Out of 176 Salmonella isolates, 133 were S. typhi, 41 were S.paratyphi A and 2 were S.typhimurium.  98.5% of S.typhi and 92.7% of S.paratyphi A were resistant to nalidixic acid by MIC studies. 95.5% S.typhi and 97.6% of S.paratyphi A were found to have reduced susceptibility (0.125-0.5µg/ml) by MIC studies as reported earlier. As per CLSI standard MIC value of ≤ 1µg/ml is taken as sensitive, ≥ 4µg/ml is taken as resistance for Salmonella isolates.
NR Sidelink Design Overview for Advanced V2X Service (2020)

3GPP standardization is currently studying the support of advanced vehicle-to-everything (V2X) services in Release 16. The NR sidelink (SL) being designed in 3GPP Release 16 to support advanced V2X services directly between vehicles and other road users is expected to finish early in 2020. Advanced V2X services primarily focus on platooning, cooperative driving, extended sensor, and remote driving use cases. A new QoS parameter of minimum communication range (MCR) introduced for 5G V2X means fulfillment of ultra-low latency and very high reliability requirements within a given MCR. Design for ultra-low latency and very high reliability enhancement is required to meet an end-to-end latency of 3 ms and high reliability up-to 99.999 percent. NR SL design studies V2X message delivery for periodic/aperiodic traffic type and different cast types such as unicast, groupcast, and broadcast traffic requiring substantial changes in network architecture, physical, and protocol layers. This article provides insights on the current 3GPP Release 16 NR SL design for NR V2X, the network architecture, security, and protocol enhancement. The PC5-QoS model for NR SL includes the newly introduced range parameter and connection establishment for both groupcast and unicast V2X communication using NR-PC5 RRC. In addition, the design of the NR SL physical layer addresses the necessary improvements needed in the SL physical layer structures, and procedures for reliable packet transmissions considering minimum communication range.
Evaluation of tone mapping operators using a High Dynamic Range display (2005)

Tone mapping operators are designed to reproduce visibility and the overall impression of brightness, contrast and color of the real world onto limited dynamic range displays and printers. Although many tone mapping operators have been published in recent years, no thorough psychophysical experiments have yet been undertaken to compare such operators against the real scenes they are purporting to depict. In this paper, we present the results of a series of psychophysical experiments to validate six frequently used tone mapping operators against linearly mapped High Dynamic Range (HDR) scenes displayed on a novel HDR device. Individual operators address the tone mapping issue using a variety of approaches and the goals of these techniques are often quite different from one another. Therefore, the purpose of this investigation was not simply to determine which is the "best" algorithm, but more generally to propose an experimental methodology to validate such operators and to determine the participants' impressions of the images produced compared to what is visible on a high contrast ratio display.
Attention span during lectures: 8 seconds, 10 minutes, or more? (2016)

In the current climate of curriculum reform, the traditional lecture has come under fire for its perceived lack of effectiveness. Indeed, several institutions have reduced their lectures to 15 min in length based upon the "common knowledge" and "consensus" that there is a decline in students' attention 10-15 min into lectures. A review of the literature on this topic reveals many discussions referring to prior studies but scant few primary investigations. Alarmingly, the most often cited source for a rapid decline in student attention during a lecture barely discusses student attention at all. Of the studies that do attempt to measure attention, many suffer from methodological flaws and subjectivity in data collection. Thus, the available primary data do not support the concept of a 10- to 15-min attention limit. Interestingly, the most consistent finding from a literature review is that the greatest variability in student attention arises from differences between teachers and not from the teaching format itself. Certainly, even the most interesting material can be presented in a dull and dry fashion, and it is the job of the instructor to enhance their teaching skills to provide not only rich content but also a satisfying lecture experience for the students.
Automatic data structure choice in a language of very high level (1975)

SETL is a set-theoretically oriented language of very high level whose repertoire of semantic objects includes finite sets, ordered n-tuples, and sets of ordered n-tuples usable as mappings. This paper describes the structure of an optimizer for this language. Among other methods of interest, the optimizer uses techniques which allow relations of inclusion and membership to be established, the domains and ranges of (tabulated) mappings to be estimated from above and below, and the single-valuedness of (tabulated) mappings to be proved. Once facts of this kind have been established, automatic choice of data structures becomes possible. The methods employed are based upon, and extend, known techniques of data flow analysis.
Studying Ligand Efficacy at G Protein-Coupled Receptors Using FRET (2011)

Drug "ligands" that bind G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) can either stimulate, fully (full agonists) or partially (partial agonists), or reduce (inverse agonists) basal receptor activity, by stabilizing different receptor conformations. The term "intrinsic efficacy" was introduced as a parameter to express the ability of a ligand to activate its receptor and to differentiate the varying signaling capacity of diverse ligands when they occupy the same fraction of a single receptor. Most methods use downstream biochemical and physiological responses as proxies of "intrinsic efficacy" but cannot measure it directly at the level of the receptor. Here I describe the development of a Förster resonance energy transfer (FRET) approach that permits the rigorous measurement of the intrinsic efficacy of a ligand directly at the level of a GPCR and independent from variation in experimental conditions. This approach also allows intrinsic efficacies of ligands to be linked with the effects of receptor polymorphisms or receptor heterodimerization.
Protein‐stabilized foams and emulsions (1981)

This review is a survey of studies on protein-stabilized foams and emulsions in relatively simple, well-defined systems (rather than in food products per se). The emphasis is on the extent of basic understanding developed, particularly in terms of the physicochemical properties involved. The stability of the system, its formation, and its rheology are covered. Unfortunately, much work is of limited fundamental value because of poorly designed experimental approaches and the failure to measure key parameters. Reasonable generalization can be made concerning the effects of a number of variables, particularly protein solubility, pH, protein structure and the presence of small molecule surfactants. However, several possible explanations of these effects in terms of surface properties remain tenable. A number of observations can fairly confidently be ascribed to the influence of rheology on flow processes within foams and emulsions.
Large Area Silica Nano Grids by Homogeneous High Resolution Laser Patterning of SiOx-Films (2015)

Structured excimer laser back side irradiation of thin SiO x -films on fused silica substrates is used for the formation of complex micro-and nano-patterns. A polymeric superstrate serving as a confinement layer on top of the SiO x -film allows the formation of very smooth and regular patterns. Depending on laser processing parameters, either arrays of blisters or cups, or grids with free standing wires below 100 nm in diameter can be fabricated. To obtain these nano-features with high structure resolution on a comparatively large area with a single KrF-laser pulse (wavelength 248 nm), an optical system combining a beam homogenizer with a high resolution mask imaging optical system has been established. At fluences in the range of 300 to 400 mJ/cm very regular grid patterns with wires detached from the substrate and nodes attached to the substrate are obtained. The free standing wires have diameters down to less than 100 nm. The patterned SiO x -material can be oxidized to SiO 2 by thermal or laser treatment.
Field-free magnetization reversal by spin-Hall effect and exchange bias (2016)

Abstract As the first magnetic random access memories are finding their way onto the market, an important issue remains to be solved: the current density required to write magnetic bits becomes prohibitively high as bit dimensions are reduced. Recently, spin–orbit torques and the spin-Hall effect in particular have attracted significant interest, as they enable magnetization reversal without high current densities running through the tunnel barrier. For perpendicularly magnetized layers, however, the technological implementation of the spin-Hall effect is hampered by the necessity of an in-plane magnetic field for deterministic switching. Here we interface a thin ferromagnetic layer with an anti-ferromagnetic material. An in-plane exchange bias is created and shown to enable field-free S HE-driven magnetization reversal of a perpendicularly magnetized Pt/Co/IrMn structure. Aside from the potential technological implications, our experiment provides additional insight into the local spin structure at the ferromagnetic/anti-ferromagnetic interface.
ABC Transporter Genes Show Upregulated Expression in Drug-Resistant Clinical Isolates of Candida auris: A Genome-Wide Characterization of ATP-Binding Cassette (ABC) Transporter Genes (2019)

ATP-binding cassette (ABC) superfamily members have a key role as nutrient importers and exporters in bacteria. However, their role as drug exporters in eukaryotes brought this superfamily member to even greater prominence. The capacity of ABC transporters to efflux a broad spectrum of xenobiotics represents one of the major mechanisms of clinical multidrug resistance in pathogenic fungi including <i>Candida</i> species. <i>Candida auris</i>, a newly emerged multidrug-resistant fungal pathogen of humans, has been responsible for multiple outbreaks of drug-resistant infections in hospitals around the globe. Our study has analyzed the entire complement of ABC superfamily transporters to assess whether these play a major role in drug resistance mechanisms of <i>C. auris</i>. Our bioinformatics analyses identified 28 putative ABC proteins encoded in the genome of the <i>C. auris</i> type-strain CBS 10913T; 20 of which contain transmembrane domains (TMDs). Quantitative real-time PCR confirmed the expression of all 20 TMD transporters, underlining their potential in contributing to the <i>C. auris</i> drug-resistant phenotype. Changes in transcript levels after short-term exposure of drugs and in drug-resistant <i>C. auris</i> isolates suggested their importance in the drug resistance phenotype of this pathogen. <i>CAUR_02725</i> orthologous to <i>CDR1</i>, a major multidrug exporter in other yeasts, showed consistently higher expression in multidrug-resistant strains of <i>C. auris</i>. Homologs of other ABC transporter genes, such as <i>CDR4</i>, <i>CDR6</i>, and <i>SNQ2</i>, also displayed raised expression in a sub-set of clinical isolates. Together, our analysis supports the involvement of these transporters in multidrug resistance in <i>C. auris</i>.