gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Detection of Ventricular Tachycardia Using Scanning Correlation Analysis (1990)

Cross correlation is an accurate method for distinguishing normal sinus rhythm (NSR) from ventricular arrhythmias. The computational demands of the method, however, have prohibited development of an implantable device using correlation. In this study, temporal data compression prior to correlation analysis was used to reduce the total number of computations. Unipolar and bipolar intracardiac electrograms of NSR and 23 episodes of ventricular tachycardia (VT) from 23 patients were obtained from a right ventricular apex electrode catheter during routine electrophysiology studies. The data were filtered (1-11 Hz), digitized (250 samples/sec) and temporally compressed to 50 samples/sec. Data compression removed four out of every five samples by only saving the sample with the maximum excursion from the last saved sample. The average squared correlation coefficient (r2) was computed for the NSR and VT episodes using each patient's NSR waveform as a template. In all 23 patients, the r2 values showed large separation between NSR versus VT in both unipolar (0.93 +/- 0.05 vs 0.20 +/- 0.16, P less than 0.005) and bipolar (0.91 +/- 0.07 vs 0.17 +/- 0.11, P less than 0.005) electrode configurations using template lengths of 80% the intrinsic interval (avg +/- SD). Narrow templates (40% intrinsic interval or less) often resulted in multiple r2 peaks during each heart cycle and degraded the r2 separation (n = 10, P less than 0.005). High pass filtering at 3 Hz also degraded the r2 separation (n = 10, P less than 0.05). Standard noncompressed correlations indicated that data compression had negligible effects on the results. Thus, a computationally efficient cross correlation method was found to be a reliable detector of VT.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Automating branch-and-bound for dynamic programs (2008)

Dynamic programming is a powerful technique for solving optimization problems efficiently. We consider a dynamic program as simply a recursive program that is evaluated with memoization and lookup of answers. In this paper we examine how, given a function calculating a bound on the value of the dynamic program, we can optimize the compilation of the dynamic program function. We show how to automatically transform a dynamic program to a number of more efficientversions making use of the bounds function. We compare the different transformed versions on a number of example dynamic programs, and show the benefits in search space and time that can result.
pH-Sensitive MR Responses Induced by Dendron-Functionalized SPIONs (2012)

We report a series of investigations of the pH-sensitive magnetic resonance (MR) responses of various surface-functionalized SPIONs (superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles). First, functionalization of ~12 nm highly monocrystalline SPION cores with three different generations of melamine-dendrons was optimized to give agents with high molar relaxivities (e.g. <i>R</i><sub>2</sub><i><sup>m</sup></i> ~300 mM<sup>-1</sup>·s<sup>-1</sup> at 7 T and <i>R</i><sub>1</sub><i><sup>m</sup></i> ~20-30 mM<sup>-1</sup>·s<sup>-1</sup> at 0.5 T) and excellent aqueous stabilities. Molar relaxivities were found to exhibit great sensitivity to pH at physiologically-relevant ionic strengths, with sharp inflections observed at pH values near the p<i>K</i><sub>a</sub> of the melamine monomer. The strength of the effect was observed to grow with increasing dendron generation (with concomitant shift in the position of the main pH inflection). Opposing behavior in <i>R</i><sub>2</sub><i><sup>m</sup></i> and <i>R</i><sub>2</sub><i><sup>m</sup></i> * trends may be exploited to provide a ratiometric MR response to pH. Combined with TEM and corresponding MR measurements from solutions of varying ionic strengths, these results are consistent with the pH-sensitive behavior originating from transient, reversible SPION clustering modulated by an interplay between SPION surface charge density and solution ionic strength. Studies of SPION cellular uptake and MR response in HeLa cell cultures are also presented. Finally, comparisons with the MR responses of SPIONs with alternative functionalities-derivatives of nitrilotriacetic acid or poly(1-vinylimidazole)-indicate that these types of pH-sensitive MR responses can be highly dependent upon the chemical composition of the surface species (and thus amenable to modulation through rational design).
Derivation of Epithelial‐Only Airway Organoids from Human Pluripotent Stem Cells (2018)

New protocols to efficiently generate functional airway epithelial organoids from human pluripotent stem cells (PSCs) would represent a major advance towards effective disease modeling, drug screening and cell based therapies for lung disorders. This unit describes an approach using stage-specific signaling pathway manipulation to differentiate cells to proximal airway epithelium via key developmental intermediates. Cells are directed via definitive endoderm (DE) to anterior foregut, and then specified to NKX2-1+ lung epithelial progenitors. These lung progenitors are purified using cell surface marker sorting and replated in defined culture conditions to form three-dimensional, epithelial-only airway organoids. This directed differentiation approach using serum-free, defined media also includes protocols for evaluation of DE induction, intracellular FACS analysis of NKX2-1 specification efficiency and enrichment, and approaches for characterization and expansion of airway organoids. Taken together, this represents an efficient and reproducible approach to generate expandable airway organoids from human PSCs for use in numerous downstream applications. © 2018 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Random Access Preamble Generation and Procedure Design for 5G-NR System (2018)

The fundamental differences between LTE system and the lately built 5G-NR system are relying on the multi-subcarrier spacing (SCS) and multi-analog-beam powered operations. Such variation creates the motivations to have a new design on the physical random access channel (PRACH) preamble generation method as well as the random access protocol. In the proposed OFDM baseband signal generation for PRACH, the signal is placed in between of the data channels as middle as possible in order to alleviate the potential interference from neighboring subcarriers. Also, the proposed protocol design takes the impact of multi-beam capability into account. The design of single Msg.1 with multi-beam operation and application of multiple Msg.1 are both studied. The simulation results are presented to illustrate the performance of our proposed random access solutions.
Pluripotential rabbit embryonic stem (ES) cells are capable of forming overt coat color chimeras following injection into blastocysts (1996)

The isolation of pluripotent embryonic stem (ES) cell lines from preimplantation rabbit embryos and their in vitro properties have been previously described. In the present investigation, these ES cell lines were further characterized and their capacity to contribute to formation of adult, fertile animals upon injection into recipient New Zealand White blastocysts demonstrated. The efficiency of chimera formation was low (5% of live born), but the degree of chimerism, as assessed by coat color contribution from the Dutch belted strain, was high (10-50%). Thus a significant step is taken toward the development of gene-targeting technology in the rabbit, an animal whose physiology and size lend itself to unique applications in biomedical research.
Conversion of Hemicellulose into Furfural Using Solid Acid Catalysts in γ‐Valerolactone (2012)

In einem Einphasensystem mit γ-Valerolacton (GVL) als Lösungsmittel und dem sauren Feststoff H-Mordenit als Katalysator wird die Hemicellulose-Fraktion von Lignocellulose in hohen Ausbeuten (80 %) in Furfural umgewandelt. Zersetzungsreaktionen des Produkts können deutlich zurückgedrängt werden, indem die Wasserkonzentration in GVL minimiert wird.
Visual Screen: Transforming an Ordinary Screen into a Touch Screen (2000)

Touch screens are very convenient because one can directly point to where it is interesting. This paper presents an inexpensive technique to trans-form an ordinary screen into a touch screen using an ordinary camera. The setup is easy: position a camera so it can see the whole screen. The system calibration involves the detection of the screen re-gion in the image, which determines the projec-tive mapping between the image plane and the screen. In order to compensate the non-flatness of the screen, an optional step can be applied by displaying a set of dots on the screen. In run-time, our system locates the indicator (finger tip in our current implementation) in the image and converts the image position to the cursor position on the screen. Finger gesture or key input exe-cutes appropriate actions. The system has been demonstrated to be quite accurate, and its appli-cations include kiosk and kids entertainment. 1
Integrated Access Backhauled Networks (2019)

5G is finally here. Initial deployments are already operational in several major cities and first 5G-capable devices are being released. Though it is not limited only to millimeter wave deployments, the main promise of 5G lies in the utilization of the high bandwidth available at high frequencies. However, high-frequency deployments are coverage-limited and require denser placement of base stations, which can increase the cost significantly. One of the main contributing factors to the cost is fiber deployment. Integrated access backhauling (IAB), where part of the wireless spectrum is used for the backhaul connection of base stations instead of fiber, is an attractive solution that could make dense deployments economically viable. With this main objective, 3GPP is in the process of standardizing multi-hop IAB networks. This paper provides an overview of the main features of the multi-hop IAB 3GPP rel-16 standard and the rationale behind the design choices.
Isolation and characterization of species-specific DNA probes from Taenia solium and Taenia saginata and their use in an egg detection assay (1995)

Cysticercosis results from ingestion of the eggs of the tapeworm Taenia solium. Reduction of the incidence of human and swine cysticercosis requires identification and treatment of individuals who carry the adult tapeworm. T. solium and Taenia saginata eggs cannot be differentiated on the basis of morphology; thus, in order to improve existing methods for the diagnosis of taeniasis, we have developed highly sensitive, species-specific DNA probes which differentiate T. solium and T. saginata. Recombinant clones containing repetitive DNA sequences which hybridize specifically with genomic DNAs from either species were isolated and characterized. T. solium-specific DNA sequences contained complete and truncated forms of a tandemly repeated 158-bp DNA sequence. An unrelated T. saginata DNA sequence was also characterized and shown to encode a portion of the mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase I gene. T. solium- and T. saginata-specific DNA probes did not hybridize in dot blot assays either with genomic DNA from the platyhelminths Taenia hydatigena, Taenia pisiformis, Taenia taeniaeformis, Echinococcus granulosus, and Schistosoma mansoni or with genomic DNA from other eukaryotes, including Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Candida albicans, Cryptosporidium parvum, Entamoeba histolytica, Trypanosoma gambiense, Trypanosoma brucei, and Giardia lamblia, Caenorhabditis elegans, and human DNA. By using these T. solium and T. saginata DNA probes, a rapid, highly sensitive and specific dot blot assay for the detection of T. solium eggs was developed.
EDT channel bandwidth management in SoC designs with pattern-independent test access mechanism (2011)

The paper presents a new channel allocation method for higher Embedded Deterministic Test (EDT) compression in SoC designs comprising isolated cores. It employs a test data reduction technique, which allows cores to interface with ATE through an optimized number of channels. This feature is subsequently used by a new test scheduling and test access mechanisms devised for both the input and output sides. Experimental results obtained for large industrial SoC designs illustrate feasibility of the proposed test application scheme and are reported herein.
Reflective Supertwisted Nematic Liquid Crystal Displays (1998)

Supertwisted nematic (STN) liquid crystal displays are widely used commercially. However, there is still room for improvement. In this paper, we discuss reflective STN displays in which the rear polarizer has been removed and no retardation film is used for dispersion compensation. This new design can potentially yield higher brightness than conventional STN displays. They can also have better chromaticity. Numerical calculations and experimental data on such reflective STN liquid crystal displays with twist angles of 190–240° are presented in this paper. These new displays have reasonably steep reflectance-voltage characteristics and can be multiplex-driven like ordinary transflective STN displays. An additional advantage of this new display is the absence of a viewing parallax if the reflector is placed inside the liquid crystal cell.
Anticonvulsant activity, teratogenicity and pharmacokinetics of novel valproyltaurinamide derivatives in mice (2003)

1 The purpose of this study was to synthesize novel valproyltaurine (VTA) derivatives including valproyltaurinamide (VTD), N-methyl-valproyltaurinamide (M-VTD), N,N-dimethyl-valproyltaurinamide (DM-VTD) and N-isopropyl-valproyltaurinamide (I-VTD) and evaluate their structure-pharmacokinetic-pharmacodynamic relationships with respect to anticonvulsant activity and teratogenic potential. However, their hepatotoxic potential could not be evaluated. The metabolism and pharmacokinetics of these derivatives in mice were also studied. 2 VTA lacked anticonvulsant activity, but VTD, DM-VTD and I-VTD possessed anticonvulsant activity in the Frings audiogenic seizure susceptible mice (ED(50) values of 52, 134 and 126 mg kg(-1), respectively). 3 VTA did not have any adverse effect on the reproductive outcome in the Swiss Vancouver/Fnn mice following a single i.p. injection of 600 mg kg(-1) on gestational day (GD) 8.5. VTD (600 mg kg(-1) at GD 8.5) produced an increase in embryolethality, but unlike valproic acid, it did not induce congenital malformations. DM-VTD and I-VTD (600 mg kg(-1) at GD 8.5) produced a significant increase in the incidence of gross malformations. The incidence of birth defects increased when the length of the alkyl substituent or the degree of N-alkylation increased. 4 In mice, N-alkylated VTDs underwent metabolic N-dealkylation to VTD. DM-VTD was first biotransformed to M-VTD and subsequently to VTD. I-VTD's fraction metabolized to VTD was 29%. The observed metabolic pathways suggest that active metabolites may contribute to the anticonvulsant activity of the N-alkylated VTDs and reactive intermediates may be formed during their metabolism. In mice, VTD had five to 10 times lower clearance (CL), and three times longer half-life than I-VTD and DM-VTD, making it a more attractive compound than DM-VTD and I-VTD for further development. VTD's extent of brain penetration was only half that observed for the N-alkylated taurinamides suggesting that it has a higher intrinsic activity that DM-VTD and I-VTD. 5 In conclusion, from this series of compounds, although VTD caused embryolethality, this compound emerged as the most promising new antiepileptic drug, having a preclinical spectrum characterized by the highest anticonvulsant potential, lowest potential for teratogenicity and favorable pharmacokinetics.
Color‐breakup suppression and low‐power consumption by using the Stencil‐FSC method in field‐sequential LCDs (2009)

Abstract— Field‐sequential color (FSC) is a potential technique for low‐power liquid‐crystal displays (LCDs). However, it still experiences a serious visual artifact, color break‐up (CBU), which degrades image quality. Consequently, the “Stencil Field‐Sequential‐Color (Stencil‐FSC)” method, which applies local color‐backlight‐dimming technology at a 240‐Hz field rate to FSC‐LCDs, is proposed. Using the Stencil‐FSC method not only suppressed CBU efficiently but also enhanced the image contrast ratio by using low average power consumption. After backlight signal optimization, the Stencil‐FSC method was demonstrated on a 32‐in. FSC‐LCD and effectively suppressed the CBU, which resulted in more than a 27,000:1 dynamic contrast ratio and less than 40‐W average power consumption.
A Thermal Dynamic SOC Estimator for Lithium-Ion Batteries (2015)

This paper discusses an SOC estimation system for lithium ion batteries based on the extended Kalman filter. The accuracy of the estimation is strongly dependent on accuracy of the battery model. We have newly formulated the equivalent circuit model that covers temperature and SOC dependencies. As the result, the error rate of the estimation has been improved significantly. The experimental results show that the new SOC estimation system derives very accurate results for wide range of temperature.
Selective Dopamine D4 Receptor Antagonists: Review ofStructure-Activity Relationships (2002)

Cloned in 1991, the human dopamine D4 receptor is found mainly in cortical and limbic areas of brain. Many chemically dissimilar D4 receptor-selective antagonists have been developed, initially stimulated by partial D4 receptorselectivity of the clinically superior antipsychotic agent clozapine. Implication of D4 receptor in the pathophysiology or treatment of idiopathic psychotic disorders, however, remains elusive. Moreover, L-745,870, a selective D4 antagonist, and fananserin, a mixed antagonist of D4 and 5-HT2 receptors, failed to show antipsychotic efficacy. Interest in D4 receptor pharmacology was re-kindled by the 1996 discovery that D4 receptor gene polymorphism is associated with attention deficit-hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and related personality traits. D4 receptors are also implicated in mood disorders and the actions of psychostimulants. Development of many chemically dissimilar D4-selective antagonists has contributed to improved understanding of D4 receptor neurobiology. This review summarizes recent advances in the synthetic chemistry of D4 receptor antagonists, and considers selected neuropharmacological studies suggestive of their potential clinical applications.
Microscale electrospinning of polymer nanofiber interconnections (2003)

Polymer fiber interconnects were produced between microscale features on a substrate using only electrostatic forces. Electric-field-driven directed growth of nanoscale carboxymethylcellulose fibers was achieved between microscale droplets of a concentrated polymer solution. The fibers were studied using atomic force and scanning electron microscopy and were observed to emerge from the tip of conical protrusions formed at the surface of the droplets. The conical structures appear to be analogous to the characteristic Taylor cones formed in an electrospinning process and the process is interpreted as a microscale version of electrospinning requiring significantly lower driving potentials.
Initial evaluation of the scintillator LFS for positron emission tomograph applications (2005)

A new scintillator (LFS) has been developed by Zecotek Innovations and made available to our laboratory for evaluation for applications in positron emission tomography. Our initial tests compared several different formulations of the crystal that produced a variety of light outputs, maximum emission values, and densities. Some of the formulations are emission shifted to be more efficient with APDs while others are more efficient with Bialkali PMTs. From the initial tests, two formulations were selected for further development for use with PMTs-LFS-5 and LFS-6. Our initial measurements were done with 4times4times30 mm crystal samples coupled to a Hamamatsu R1548 dual cathode PMT. For each measurement, the crystal was centered over one of the photocathodes (one crystal per PMT). LFS produced a light output that was 11 percent greater than LYSO and 21 percent greater than LSO. The energy resolution was 12% and the density was 7.34 g/cc. The decay time was 35 nsec and we have obtained a timing resolution of <1 nsec between two LFS crystals. Samples from several different locations in a boule were measured and the light output variation (one standard deviation) was 4.7%. Relative stopping power (photopeak efficiency) compared to LYSO was 1.04. The scintillator is undergoing further development with the goal to further improve light output and timing characteristics. Because of refinements in the growth process the cost per cc is expected to be $20 (US) or less for cut and polished crystals
Optical directional couplers with weighted coupling (1979)

We have fabricated optical directional couplers using titanium-diffused waveguides for which the coupling strength is carefully weighted along the device. With a Hamming function weighting, −25-dB transfer response sidelobes have been obtained, a 17-dB reduction over the uniform coupling case. Sidelobe reduction results in a significant increase in the performance of directional coupler filters and switches.
Compositional Control of IP Media (2009)

In many IP media services, the media channels are point-to-point, dynamic, and set up with the participation of one or more application servers, even thou the media packets themselves travel directly between media endpoints. The application servers must be programmed so that media behavior is globally correct, even though the servers may attempt to manipulate the same media channels concurrently and without knowledge of each other. Our proposed solution to this problem of compositional media control includes an architecture-independent descriptive model, a set of high-level programming primitives, a formal specification of their compositional semantics, a signaling protocol, an implementation, and partial verification of correctness. The paper includes performance analysis, comparison to related work, and principles for making other networked applications more compositional.
Modeling of Capillary Discharge Plasma for X-ray lasers, XUV Lithography and other Applications (2002)

It is long ago recognized that Z‐pinches represent very natural medium for x‐ray lasers (XRL) due to its favorable geometry and achievable high densities and temperatures. They also are very efficient x‐ray sources. One of their variants, the capillary discharges, attracted attention of plasma physics researchers for almost two decades. It has been used for hot dense plasma formation and x‐ray lasers[1,2], for transportation of laser beams and XUV radiation generation in x‐ray lithography[3,4], for basic Z‐pinch research and some others. The combination of efficiency, simplicity and low cost of capillary electrical discharges allowed to scale capillary x‐ray lasers to table‐top dimensions. In this paper we show the modeling results for next, 3–4 times shorter wavelength x‐ray lasers. As an efficient x‐ray source of line and continuum radiation it can be used for many practically important application in science and technology. In particular, the capillary discharge can appear as powerful potential candidate for emerging XUV microlithography. We present here the results of numerical modeling of spectra and density of Xe EUV source which involved plasma heating and dynamics, detailed atomic kinetics and radiation transport and material ablation physics.
A Short, Highly Efficient Synthesis of Coenzyme Q<sub>10</sub> (2002)

The most efficient synthesis reported to date of ubiquinone (CoQ10) is described. A sequence consisting of six operations is involved which leads to crystalline material in an overall yield of >64%.