gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A novel fabrication technology of a polymer optical waveguide and its application (2007)

This study describes a novel fabrication technology of multimode polymer optical waveguide, which is named "Large-area Advanced Micro Molding"(LAMM). One of the features of the LAMM method is to replicate the core shape of a waveguide using a silicone rubber mold. The benefits of using the LAMM method are: a low fabrication cost, environment friendliness due to zero emission and organic solvent free fabrication, and possibility to fabricate core sizes (30-120 μm). The multimode waveguide fabricated by the LAMM method provided low optical power loss of 0.06 dB/cm at 850 nm due to a flat boundary between core and cladding. In addition, by using a sandwich structure with high-durability films, the waveguide showed a good stability of <0.1 dB (waveguide length 70 mm) when left at 85 °C / 85% RH for 2000 hours and 0.03 dB/cm for soldering process. Using this fabrication method, we applied waveguides to form Y-branch and create horizontal 90° reflection micromirrors. An optical module using this waveguide with opt-electric devices such as vertical cavity surface emitting laser diodes (VCSELs) and photodiodes (PDs) showed error-free data transmission at the rate of 3.125 Gbps.
Synthesis of Poly(Vinyl Alcohol) and/or Poly(Vinyl Acetate) Particles with Spherical Morphology and Core‐Shell Structure and its Use in Vascular Embolization (2006)

Abstract Poly(vinyl alcohol), PVA, is the most frequently used material in embolization of tumors, aneurisms and arteriovenous malformations due to its low toxicity, good biocompatibility and desirable physical properties. It is well known that PVA particles cannot be prepared by direct polymerization of vinyl alcohol. Its synthesis is typically performed by the suspension polymerization of vinyl acetate to produce poly(vinyl acetate), PVAc, followed by the saponification of the PVAc particles. This work shows that, using the suspension polymerization technique, it is possible to obtain spherical particles with a core‐shell structure of PVA/PVAc with regular morphology, instead of particles with irregular shapes and sizes, as usually found in many commercial embolization products. Therefore, this work presents the production of PVA/PVAc spherical particles that can be used to occlude blood vessels, eliminating the disadvantages of commercial PVA. In vivo clinical tests with white “New Zealand” rabbits undergoing kidney inflammation reaction have shown that these spherical particles are much more efficient for vascular embolization.
Doppler parameter estimation algorithms for SAR processing with the chirp scaling approach (2002)

Presents several correlation based methods for estimation of the Doppler parameters from SAR raw data in connection with the chirp scaling algorithm. For the estimation of the Doppler rate, a modified approach of the shift and correlate (SAC) algorithm is proposed. In this case, the auto-correlation function of each data set and the standard deviation of the velocity calculations are used in order to monitor the validity of the estimations. For resolving the PRF ambiguity, a new approach is proposed, which is based on the estimation of the range-frequency centroid as a function of the azimuth frequency. Several results of the Doppler parameters estimation are presented for airborne and spaceborne SAR data.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
LMS calibration of sampling timing for time-interleaved A/D converters (2009)

Novel sampling-timing calibration for time-interleaved A/D converters is proposed and verified by simulation. An FIR-filter structure exploiting the sampling theorem provides a simple but accurate time derivative of the converted signal and hence enables reliable estimation and compensation of sampling-time deviation of each unit ADC assisted by a reference converter and an LMS algorithm.
Optimizing Time-Efficient Use of Computer-Aided Detection in Computed Tomographic Colonography (Virtual Colonoscopy) (2011)

Poster: ECR 2011 / C-2335 / Optimizing Time-Efficient Use of Computer-Aided Detection in Computed Tomographic Colonography (Virtual Colonoscopy) by: A. Dachman1, I. Trilisky1, I. Sethi1, J. Hoffmeister2, R. Van Uitert2, M. W. Vannier1, S. Periaswamy2; 1Chicago, IL/US, 2Nashua, NH/US
Polyaniline Nanofibers Prepared by Dilute Polymerization (2005)

Polyaniline nanofibers (see Figure and cover) have been synthesized using dilute polymerization with reduced concentrations of both monomer and oxidant and a constant molar ratio. The diameters of the polyaniline nanofibers are tunable by appropriate selection of dopant acids. A dispersion of polyaniline nanofibers could be cast to form highly porous nanofibrous films without deformation of the nanofiber morphology.
Voice Button Prosthesis Rehabilitation of the Laryngectomee (1981)

Forty laryngectomy patients in Iowa have received a tracheoesophageal fistula and voice button prosthesis. The fistula was successfully completed in all patients using local anesthesia. Delayed insertion of the voice prosthesis, approximately a month after the fistula is created, appears to be helpful in establishing the respiratory muscle control needed to achieve tracheoesophageal speech. In addition, delayed insertion allows for longer fistula maturation, recognition by the patient that speech is formed by vibrations within the pharyngoesophageal segment, and improved ability to manage the fistula site by proper insertion of the stent. The tracheoesophageal fistula-voice button prosthesis technique has proved to be a relatively simple, uncomplicated, reproducible and inexpensive method of achieving effective speech in a majority of laryngectomy patients.
Nonlinear statistical reconstruction for flat-panel cone-beam CT with blur and correlated noise models (2016)

Flat-panel cone-beam CT (FP-CBCT) is a promising imaging modality, partly due to its potential for high spatial resolution reconstructions in relatively compact scanners. Despite this potential, FP-CBCT can face difficulty resolving important fine scale structures (e.g, trabecular details in dedicated extremities scanners and microcalcifications in dedicated CBCT mammography). Model-based methods offer one opportunity to improve high-resolution performance without any hardware changes. Previous work, based on a linearized forward model, demonstrated improved performance when both system blur and spatial correlations characteristics of FP-CBCT systems are modeled. Unfortunately, the linearized model relies on a staged processing approach that complicates tuning parameter selection and can limit the finest achievable spatial resolution. In this work, we present an alternative scheme that leverages a full nonlinear forward model with both system blur and spatially correlated noise. A likelihood-based objective function is derived from this forward model and we derive an iterative optimization algorithm for its solution. The proposed approach is evaluated in simulation studies using a digital extremities phantom and resolution-noise trade-offs are quantitatively evaluated. The correlated nonlinear model outperformed both the uncorrelated nonlinear model and the staged linearized technique with up to a 86% reduction in variance at matched spatial resolution. Additionally, the nonlinear models could achieve finer spatial resolution (correlated: 0.10 mm, uncorrelated: 0.11 mm) than the linear correlated model (0.15 mm), and traditional FDK (0.40 mm). This suggests the proposed nonlinear approach may be an important tool in improving performance for high-resolution clinical applications.
Adaptive Resource Allocation in Multicast OFDMA Systems (2010)

Orthogonal frequency-division multiple access (OFDMA) exploits the frequency selective property of a wireless communication channel by allocating subchannels to individual users. Conventional multicast systems, however, suffer from diversified channel conditions among users. The main contribution of this paper is to maximize the multicast rate of one multicast session while being fair among users and build a general framework for resource allocation for multi multicast sessions. By assuming availability of channel state information, we study resource allocation in a multicast OFDMA system. We first study one multicast session system and solve the resource allocation problem in two steps. We first propose a novel subchannel allocation algorithm by allocating each subchannel to a group of users in the multicast session based on their subchannels gains. Second, a bit loading algorithm is also proposed. We further study multiple multicast transmission systems and propose a greedy algorithm for resource allocation to achieve proportional fairness among sessions. Finally, we numerically show that proposed algorithms outperform conventional multicast schemes and previous works for one multicast scenario and conventional multicast schemes for multi multicast scenario.
Making RFIDs unique - radio frequency certificates of authenticity (2006)

A certificate of authenticity (COA) is an inexpensive, digitally signed physical object that has a random unique structure with high cost of near-exact reproduction. An additional requirement is that the uniqueness of COA's random structure can be verified using an inexpensive device. We propose a design for objects that behave as COAs in the electromagnetic (EM) field. The objective is to complement RFIDs so that they are physically, not only digitally, unique and hard to replicate. By enabling this feature, we hope to create a super-tag whose data about the product can be read in the far-field, and also whose authenticity can be verified off-line within its near-field with low probability of a false alarm. Thus, radio frequency (RF) COAs are built based upon near-field effects exhibited when RF waves interact with complex, random, and dense objects. In general, an object created as a random constellation of small (diameter > 1 mm) randomly-shaped conductive and/or dielectric objects should have distinct behavior in its near-field when exposed to RF waves coming from a specific point and with frequencies across the RF spectrum. Issuing and verifying COAs is done using standard public-key cryptography. A peculiar feature of our system, not present in previous proposals, is the difficulty of creating a COA instance that produces a given response
Synthesis and Biological Activity of 2-Methylene Analogues of Calcitriol and Related Compounds (2015)

In an attempt to prepare vitamin D analogues that are superagonists, (20R)- and (20S)-isomers of 1α-hydroxy-2-methylenevitamin D3 and 1α,25-dihydroxy-2-methylenevitamin D3 have been synthesized. To prepare the desired A-ring dienyne fragment, two different approaches were used, both starting from the (-)-quinic acid. The obtained derivative was subsequently coupled with the C,D-ring enol triflates derived from the corresponding Grundmann ketones, using the Sonogashira reaction. Moreover, (20R)- and (20S)-1α,25-dihydroxy-2-methylenevitamin D3 compounds with an (5E)-configuration were prepared by iodine catalyzed isomerization. All four 2-methylene analogues of the native hormone were characterized by high in vitro activity. As expected, the 25-desoxy analogues were much less potent. Among the synthesized compounds, two of them, 1α,25-dihydroxy-2-methylenevitamin D3 and its C-20 epimer, were found to be almost as active as 2-methylene-19-nor-(20S)-1α,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 (2MD) on bone but more active in intestine.
Abstract 16009: Y RNA Fragments Enriched in Exosomes From Cardiosphere-derived Cells Mediate Cardioprotection and Macrophage Polarization (2015)

Background: Exosomes secreted by cardiosphere-derived cells (CDCs) are critical agents of regeneration and cardioprotection following ischemic injury, mediating the beneficial therapeutic effects of CDCs. Transfer of exosomal RNA to target cells is important for bioactivity. Objective: We sought to determine the RNA content of CDCs-secreted exosomes (CDC-exo), and to assess the contributions of selected small non-coding RNAs to the therapeutic efficacy of CDC-exo. Methods: Using next-generation sequencing (Illumina), we characterized the RNA content of CDC-exo. By direct transfection of fluorescently-labelled oligoribonucleotides, we delivered and tracked selected RNA fragments that are highly enriched in CDC-exo. In order to examine potential cytoprotective effects, neonatal rat ventricular myocytes (NRVMs) were pretreated with each of these fragments or a scrambled control fragment prior to H2O2-induced oxidative stress. Effects on gene expression were assessed by transfection of the fragments into bone marrow-derived macrophages. Results: Several noncoding RNA species were present in CDC-exo. Among these, Y RNAs (either whole or in fragments of the 5’ end) constituted 18% of all hits. From this data set, we selected two highly-enriched Y RNA fragments. Both fragments localized to the cytoplasm of CDC, NRVM and macrophages, and conferred augmented resistance to oxidative stress of NRVM (64.25±31.13% viability vs. 44±26.85%; p=0.06). Additionally, macrophages transfected with Y fragments exhibit rapid, robust polarization to a distinctive gene expression profile notable for upregulation of IL-10 (83.07 vs. 0.59 fold; p<0.0001), an anti-inflammatory cytokine. Conclusions: Here, we demonstrated that abundant noncoding RNA components of CDC-exo, Y RNA fragments, are bioactive components of CDC-exo. Two distinct fragments confer cardioprotection and also induce a strong anti-inflammatory response in macrophages. Although several components of the CDC-exo payload (including miRNA) contribute to functional efficacy, the present findings demonstrate the capacity of Y RNA fragments, an RNA species of previously-unknown function, to elicit therapeutic effects in vitro.
Cloaking of Thermoelectric Transport (2017)

The ability to control electromagnetic fields, heat currents, electric currents, and other physical phenomena by coordinate transformation methods has resulted in novel functionalities, such as cloaking, field rotations, and concentration effects. Transformation optics, as the underlying mathematical tool, has proven to be a versatile approach to achieve such unusual outcomes relying on materials with highly anisotropic and inhomogeneous properties. Most applications and designs thus far have been limited to functionalities within a single physical domain. Here we present transformation optics applied to thermoelectric phenomena, where thermal and electric flows are coupled via the Seebeck coefficient. Using laminates, we describe a thermoelectric cloak capable of hiding objects from thermoelectric flow. Our calculations show that such a cloak does not depend on the particular boundary conditions and can also operate in different single domain regimes. These proof-of-principle results constitute a significant step forward towards finding unexplored ways to control and manipulate coupled transport.
Advanced amorphous dielectrics for embedded capacitors (2003)

New classes of high dielectric constant materials based on binary and ternary amorphous metal oxides will be discussed. These films are compatible with low temperature processing within the metal layers of a circuit and can therefore be used with conventional metal electrodes like TiN. Different classes of mixed metal oxides will be discussed that are based on alloys of tantalum oxide and titanium oxide.
AI-PLAX: AI-based placental assessment and examination using photos (2020)

Post-delivery analysis of the placenta is useful for evaluating health risks of both the mother and baby. In the U.S., however, only about 20% of placentas are assessed by pathology exams, and placental data is often missed in pregnancy research because of the additional time, cost, and expertise needed. A computer-based tool that can be used in any delivery setting at the time of birth to provide an immediate and comprehensive placental assessment would have the potential to not only to improve health care, but also to radically improve medical knowledge. In this paper, we tackle the problem of automatic placental assessment and examination using photos. More concretely, we first address morphological characterization, which includes the tasks of placental image segmentation, umbilical cord insertion point localization, and maternal/fetal side classification. We also tackle clinically meaningful feature analysis of placentas, which comprises detection of retained placenta (i.e., incomplete placenta), umbilical cord knot, meconium, abruption, chorioamnionitis, and hypercoiled cord, and categorization of umbilical cord insertion type. We curated a dataset consisting of approximately 1300 placenta images taken at Northwestern Memorial Hospital, with hand-labeled pixel-level segmentation map, cord insertion point and other information extracted from the associated pathology reports. We developed the AI-based Placental Assessment and Examination system (AI-PLAX), which is a novel two-stage photograph-based pipeline for fully automated analysis. In the first stage, we use three encoder-decoder convolutional neural networks with a shared encoder to address morphological characterization tasks by employing a transfer-learning training strategy. In the second stage, we employ distinct sub-models to solve different feature analysis tasks by using both the photograph and the output of the first stage. We evaluated the effectiveness of our pipeline by using the curated dataset as well as the pathology reports in the medical record. Through extensive experiments, we demonstrate our system is able to produce accurate morphological characterization and very promising performance on aforementioned feature analysis tasks, all of which may possess clinical impact and contribute to future pregnancy research. This work is the first for comprehensive, automated, computer-based placental analysis and will serve as a launchpad for potentially multiple future innovations.
Threshold power and fiber degradation induced modal instabilities in high-power fiber amplifiers based on large mode area fibers (2014)

We report on two types of modal instabilities observed in high power Yb amplifiers based on Large Mode Area Fibers. The first is observed to occur at a Threshold Power, which we refer to as Threshold Power Modal Instabilities (TPMI). The modal instability is observed as a decrease in beam quality or reduced core light output as higher order modes leak into the fiber cladding. In PM 25/400 fiber amplifiers, we observe the threshold for the modal instability to vary depending on pump wavelength detuning, with the onset occurring at approximately 15 W/m peak heat load. In PM 20/400 and 25/400 fiber amplifiers without stress rods or other polarization control, we can achieve 1 kW output, limited by available pump power, without modal instabilities. The second type of modal instability is observed for certain cases where the fiber initially operates without any sign of MI but then degrades over an extended operating time, leading to a similar behavior as the TPMI. We refer to the second class as Fiber Degradation Modal Instabilities (FDMI). For these degraded fibers, we observe that fiber performance is unchanged below the critical power for modal instabilities. Experiments on degraded fiber show a wavelength dependent permanent change in the degraded fiber with a memory of the original operating wavelength.
Human seminal alpha inhibins: isolation, characterization, and structure. (1985)

Two additional peptides with inhibin-like activity have been isolated from human seminal plasma. One consists of 52 amino acids and the other, 92 amino acids. They are designated alpha-inhibin-52 and alpha-inhibin-92. Sequence analyses show that the NH2-terminal 31 amino acids of alpha-inhibin-52 are identical to the structure of the inhibin-like peptide previously reported [ILP-(1-31), now designated alpha-inhibin-31], and the COOH-terminal 52 amino acids of alpha-inhibin-92 are identical to the structure of alpha-inhibin-52. The amino acid sequence of alpha-inhibin-92 is: (sequence in text) Bioassay data in mouse pituitaries in vitro show that alpha-inhibin-52 is 3.4 times more active and alpha-inhibin-92 is greater than 40 times more active than alpha-inhibin-31 in suppressing follitropin-release. Radioimmunoassay data indicate that alpha-inhibin-52 and alpha-inhibin-92 have only 60% immunoreactivity.
A new traveling wave fault locating algorithm for line current differential relays (2014)

Faults on overhead power lines cause transients that travel at the speed of light and propagate along the line as traveling waves (TWs). This paper presents a new algorithm for TW fault locating suitable for implementation in line current differential relays. The paper presents the new algorithm in detail, including filtering, phase and mode selection, time stamping, and compensation for dispersion. The paper includes a number of actual field cases from a 161 kV transmission line at Bonneville Power Administration.
Compact Imaging System With Ranging And Velocimetry (1989)

We have constructed a radar imaging system for simultaneous ranging and velocimetry of multiple points in the field of view. Signals are generated in an array of laser diodes in a compact, self-aligning, backscatter-modulation geometry. We present a theoretical model for signal generation in backscatter-modulated laser diodes, and describe a laboratory implementation used for finding the orientation and rotation speed of a object. The imaging radar could be used to enhance a variety of robot vision technologies, including object recognition with movement discrimination.
Feasibility Demonstration of 1.3/1.5 μm Amplifier-Free Transmission Link at 10 Gb/s Using Two-Mode Injection Locked Laser Diode as Low-Cost All-Optical 2R Regenerator (2006)

This study presents amplifier-free all-optical 2R regeneration schemes based on a compact self-seeded Fabry-Perot laser diode (SSFP-LD) at 1.5 mum and a two-mode injection locked distributed feedback laser diode (TMIL DFB-LD) at 1.3 mum, respectively. The proposed 2R regenerator achieve straight line transmissions at 10 Gb/s over 60/76 km at 13/1.5 mum without any traditionally required optical amplifier. In addition, the amplified gain and regeneration performance is experimentally investigated.
Design, Development, and Evaluation of an Interwoven Electrospun Nanotextile Vascular Patch (2021)

Abstract This study details the design and fabrication of woven electrospun nanotextile patches for vascular applications that meet the mechanical and biological requirements. Nanotextile vascular patches based on biodegradable polymers such as poly‐ l ‐lactic acid (PLLA) and poly(caprolactone)/collagen (PCL/Col) are fabricated by integrating the techniques of electrospinning and weaving. Fibrous polymeric nanoyarns obtained by electrospinning are strengthened via different postprocessing techniques of heat‐stretching and plying, to generate interwoven nanotextiles that are tightly packed, mechanically strong, yet flexible. The unique pattern of nanofibers within the nanotextile results in its exceptional anisotropic mechanical behavior, appropriate for a vascular patch material. Moreover, these matrices exhibit good hydrophilicity, protein adsorption, and hemocompatibility, when compared to the commercial controls such as expanded polytetrafluoroethylene (ePTFE) and polyethylene terephthalate (PET). Furthermore, endothelial cells adhered, spread, and proliferate well on the nanotextile. Thus, this study demonstrates that the unique nanofibrous architecture of woven textiles aids in developing a novel biodegradable material, which meets the clinical standards of a vascular patch.