gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Bubble dynamics, shock waves and sonoluminescence (1999)

Sound and light emission by bubbles is studied experimentally. Single bubbles kept in a bubble trap and single laser–generated bubbles are investigated using ultrafast and high–speed photography in combination with hydrophones. The optical observation at 20 million frames per second of the shock waves emitted has proven instrumental in revealing the dynamic process upon bubble collapse. When jet formation is initiated by a non–spherically symmetric environment, several distinct shock waves are emitted within a few hundred nanoseconds, originating from different sites of the bubble. The counterjet phenomenon is interpreted in this context as a secondary cavitation event. Furthermore, the light emission of laser–generated cavities (termed cavitation bubble luminescence) is studied with respect to the symmetry of collapse. The prospects of optical cavitation and multibubble trapping in the study of few–bubble systems and bubble interactions are briefly discussed. Finally, the behaviour of bubble clouds, their oscillations, acoustic noise and light emission are described. Depending on the strength of the driving sound field, period doubling and chaotic oscillations of the collective bubble dynamics are observed.
Birefringence and polarization mode dispersion in a coil of a single-mode fiber (1986)

Modal birefringence introduced by lateral stress resulting from bending is evaluated experimentally as a function of bending curvature in wide region of bending radius from 2.2 to 30 mm by a technique utilizing birefringent-matching stimulated four-photon mixing at pump wavelengths of 1.06 and 1.34μm. Wavelength dependence of polarization mode dispersion is also measured in the 0.8–1.6-μm wavelength region by an improved spatial technique based on optical heterodyne detection. The results obtained experimentally on these quantities are compared with those calculated theoretically. It is found that the birefringence evaluated experimentally agrees well with that calculated theoretically, even for a bending radius as small as 2 mm. As for polarization mode dispersion, the theoretical evaluation of the normalized frequency dependence of the modal dispersion agrees well with that obtained experimentally with respect to curve tendency against the V value and the magnitude of the dispersion far from the cutoff V value. However, it is observed that the modal dispersion drastically decreases with the V value in the region of 1.6 < V < 1.8 in the experiment, whereas the theory predicts that the dispersion becomes constant over the V-value region of V > 1.2. This discrepancy is considered to be due to difference between the actual stress distribution resulting from bending and the calculated one obtained by using the slab approximation to evaluate bending-induced birefringence.
Calculating correlated color temperatures across the entire gamut of daylight and skylight chromaticities (1999)

Natural outdoor illumination daily undergoes large changes in its correlated color temperature (CCT), yet existing equations for calculating CCT from chromaticity coordinates span only part of this range. To improve both the gamut and accuracy of these CCT calculations, we use chromaticities calculated from our measurements of nearly 7000 daylight and skylight spectra to test an equation that accurately maps CIE 1931 chromaticities x and y into CCT. We extend the work of McCamy [Color Res. Appl. 12, 285-287 (1992)] by using a chromaticity epicenter for CCT and the inverse slope of the line that connects it to x and y. With two epicenters for different CCT ranges, our simple equation is accurate across wide chromaticity and CCT ranges (3000-10(6) K) spanned by daylight and skylight.
Population inversion factor dependence of photodarkening of Yb-doped fibers and its suppression by highly aluminum doping (2006)

We have confirmed that the photodarkening of Yb-doped fiber (YbDF) has the second-power dependence on a population inversion factor. The photodarkening of a newly developed highly aluminum-doped YbDF has been significantly suppressed.
Haemophilia protects against ischaemic heart disease: a study of risk factors (1990)

We previously reported that mortality due to ischaemic heart disease was lower in haemophilia patients than in the general male population. To support the hypothesis that this could be attributed to a protective effect of the clotting defect in haemophilia and not to differences in cardiovascular risk factors, we performed a second study. We examined 95 haemophilia patients for the presence of major risk factors for ischaemic heart disease and compared their risk factor profile with the data of epidemiologic surveys of the general Dutch population. Haemophilia patients had on average higher blood pressures than the comparison population, were more often hypertensive and used antihypertensive drugs twice as often. The mean serum cholesterol level of the patients was markedly lower than in the comparison population (4.8 versus 5.6 mmol/l, 95% confidence interval of the difference: 0.5-1.1 mmol/l). The risk factors were weighted into one theoretical risk ratio for ischaemic heart disease by application of logistic regression coefficients. The theoretical risk ratio based on the risk factor profile was 0.78. This risk ratio can only explain a moderate reduction in the incidence of ischaemic heart disease, much smaller than the mortality ratio of 0.20 we reported previously. Therefore these data support the hypothesis of a direct protective effect of haemophilia on the development of ischaemic heart disease.
Overexpression, Isolation, and Crystallization of Proteins (2003)

Rapid developments in recombinant technology have made it possible to overproduce selected proteins of specific interest to the levels required for structural analysis by X-ray crystallography. High-level gene expression has facilitated the purification of many proteins that are normally only expressed at low concentrations, as well as those that have proven difficult to purify to homogeneity from natural sources. Furthermore, advances in oligonucleotide site-directed mutagenesis have enabled proteins to be engineered so as to possess certain features that may confer stability or assist in then isolation. There are several examples of proteins that, despite rigorous purification from their natural source, have defied crystallization attempts, e.g., human growth hormone, but have been successfully crystallized from recombinant sources (1). The lack of posttranslational processing in bacterial expressed proteins can often be an advantage to the crystallographer where microheterogeneity presents a problem. Indeed, certain features or residues of a protein that are believed to impede crystal formation by preventing a close-packing arrangement may be successfully deleted by genetic manipulation without destroying its essential functionality (2).
Multi-sensor integration for unmanned terrain modeling (2006)

State-of-the-art unmanned ground vehicles are capable of understanding and adapting to arbitrary road terrain for navigation. The robotic mobility platforms mounted with sensors detect and report security concerns for subsequent action. Often, the information based on the localization of the unmanned vehicle is not sufficient for deploying army resources. In such a scenario, a three dimensional (3D) map of the area that the ground vehicle has surveyed in its trajectory would provide <i>a priori</i> spatial knowledge for directing resources in an efficient manner. To that end, we propose a mobile, modular imaging system that incorporates multi-modal sensors for mapping unstructured arbitrary terrain. Our proposed system leverages 3D laser-range sensors, video cameras, global positioning systems (GPS) and inertial measurement units (IMU) towards the generation of photo-realistic, geometrically accurate, geo-referenced 3D terrain models. Based on the summary of the state-of-the-art systems, we address the need and hence several challenges in the real-time deployment, integration and visualization of data from multiple sensors. We document design issues concerning each of these sensors and present a simple temporal alignment method to integrate multi-sensor data into textured 3D models. These 3D models, in addition to serving as <i>a priori</i> for path planning, can also be used in simulators that study vehicle-terrain interaction. Furthermore, we show our 3D models possessing the required accuracy even for crack detection towards road surface inspection in airfields and highways.
Foundations of F# (2007)

Functional programming (FP) is the future of .NET programming, and F# is much more than just an FP language. Every professional .NET programmer needs to learn about FP, and there's no better way to do
Networking Spatial Information Systems (1992)

From the Publisher:
This updated version of the highly successful first edition highlights how the introduction of broadband telecommunications in the early 1990s has revolutionary implications for the spatial information community worldwide. Addresses the issues of Local Area Networks (LANS) interconnectivity, Wide Area Networks (WANS) and networking - the key organisational principles for the 1990s. A new chapter reviews recent applications and experiences in spatial information systems in a range of contexts. Provides a state-of-the-art analysis of how computer based systems for managing spatial data can be linked by telecommunications to enhance their effectiveness and scale.
High-power fiber lasers based on tandem pumping (2017)

Power scaling of fiber lasers is challenged by several factors, such as the brightness of the pump source, the nonlinear effect, modal instability, and so on. Pumping active fibers with high-brightness fiber lasers instead of laser diodes is a promising solution for the brightness limitation and modal instability. In this paper, for the first time to our knowledge, we present a general review on the achievements of various kinds of high-power fiber lasers based on the tandem pumping scheme in the past few years. The requirements for tandem pumping ytterbium (Yb), erbium (Er), thulium (Tm), and holmium (Ho)-doped fibers are analyzed, and corresponding achievements are summarized. Hundreds of watts of fiber lasers at ∼1020, ∼1500, and 1900 nm and hundred-watt-level fiber lasers at ∼1150 and ∼1180  nm have been successfully achieved. Then, these powerful fiber lasers with high brightness can be employed as pump sources for Yb-, Er-, Tm- and Ho-doped fibers. Moreover, a recent experimental result of a 3.5 kW Yb-doped fiber amplifier in an all-fiber format is reported in addition to previous typical achievements. The underlying challenges for further power scaling, including the nonlinear effect suppression and special fiber design, are briefly discussed. Exploring the tandem pumping scheme in novel application fields is discussed as well.
Pathogenesis of emerging severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome virus in C57/BL6 mouse model (2012)

The discovery of an emerging viral disease, severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome (SFTS), caused by SFTS virus (SFTSV), has prompted the need to understand pathogenesis of SFTSV. We are unique in establishing an infectious model of SFTS in C57/BL6 mice, resulting in hallmark symptoms of thrombocytopenia and leukocytopenia. Viral RNA and histopathological changes were identified in the spleen, liver, and kidney. However, viral replication was only found in the spleen, which suggested the spleen to be the principle target organ of SFTSV. Moreover, the number of macrophages and platelets were largely increased in the spleen, and SFTSV colocalized with platelets in cytoplasm of macrophages in the red pulp of the spleen. In vitro cellular assays further revealed that SFTSV adhered to mouse platelets and facilitated the phagocytosis of platelets by mouse primary macrophages, which in combination with in vivo findings, suggests that SFTSV-induced thrombocytopenia is caused by clearance of circulating virus-bound platelets by splenic macrophages. Thus, this study has elucidated the pathogenic mechanisms of thrombocytopenia in a mouse model resembling human SFTS disease.
NUMERICAL INVESTIGATION OF PARTICLE INHALATION FROM AMBIENT ENVIRONMENT AND DEPOSITION IN HUMAN NASAL CAVITY USING AN INTEGRATED MANIKIN MODEL (2012)

Particle inhalation from the ambient environment and particle deposition in the respiratory tracts are numerically investigated using an integrated breathing human manikin which includes detailed facial features as well as nasal cavity, laryngopharynx and trachea. Visualized and quantitative results including the airflow field, particle tracks and particle inhalation and deposition patterns are obtained. Compared with the previous studies which dealt with particle inhalation and deposition separately, this integrated method provides a comprehensive method for assessment of health risk associated with particle inhalation since it make it possible to trace particles from their source in the environment into their deposition locations in the respiratory tracts. More importantly, this method eliminates the information loss of velocity profile at the nostrils, which leads to a more accurate prediction.
The interplay between interface structure, energy level alignment and chemical bonding strength at organic–metal interfaces (2014)

What do energy level alignments at metal-organic interfaces reveal about the metal-molecule bonding strength? Is it permissible to take vertical adsorption heights as indicators of bonding strengths? In this paper we analyse 3,4,9,10-perylene-tetracarboxylic acid dianhydride (PTCDA) on the three canonical low index Ag surfaces to provide exemplary answers to these questions. Specifically, we employ angular resolved photoemission spectroscopy for a systematic study of the energy level alignments of the two uppermost frontier states in ordered monolayer phases of PTCDA. Data are analysed using the orbital tomography approach. This allows the unambiguous identification of the orbital character of these states, and also the discrimination between inequivalent species. Combining this experimental information with DFT calculations and the generic Newns-Anderson chemisorption model, we analyse the alignments of highest occupied and lowest unoccupied molecular orbitals (HOMO and LUMO) with respect to the vacuum levels of bare and molecule-covered surfaces. This reveals clear differences between the two frontier states. In particular, on all surfaces the LUMO is subject to considerable bond stabilization through the interaction between the molecular π-electron system and the metal, as a consequence of which it also becomes occupied. Moreover, we observe a larger bond stabilization for the more open surfaces. Most importantly, our analysis shows that both the orbital binding energies of the LUMO and the overall adsorption heights of the molecule are linked to the strength of the chemical interaction between the molecular π-electron system and the metal, in the sense that stronger bonding leads to shorter adsorption heights and larger orbital binding energies.
Generation of Acyl Anion Equivalents from Acylphosphonates via Phosphonate−Phosphate Rearrangement:  A Highly Practical Method for Cross-Benzoin Reaction (2005)

[reactions: see text] Acylphosphonates are potent acyl anion precursors that generate acyl anion equivalents under the promotion of cyanide anion via phosphonate-phosphate rearrangement. These anions readily react with aldehydes to provide cross-benzoin products. In this way it is possible to synthesize a variety of aromatic-aromatic, aromatic-aliphatic, and aliphatic-aromatic benzoins. Moreover the reaction of benzoylphosphonate with potent electrophile 2,2,2-trifluoroacetophenone provided the corresponding aldehyde-ketone coupling product in high yield.
Human Immunodeficiency Virus in Brain Biopsies of Patients with AIDS and Progressive Encephalopathy (1987)

Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) has been identified in patients with AIDS in their circulating and tissue lymphocytes and in their monocyte-macrophages, an arm of the cell-mediated immune system. We report our findings of HIV in brain biopsies. Virus was detected in oligodendroglial and astroglial cells. Virus was also present in the brain capillaries, both in lumens and at the endothelial gaps. Virus was also found in extracellular spaces. Budding forms of the developing virus and bar-shaped nucleoids of mature virus, the diagnostic hallmark of the HIV retrovirus, were identified in brain tissue of five of seven patients with AIDS studied. We believe that HIV may enter the the brain via the vascular capillaries (through the endothelial gaps), bind to brain cells containing T4 receptors, enter the cells, and replicate. There follows a reactive hyperplasia and degeneration of oligodendroglial and astroglial cells. The oligodendroglial cells are the myelin-forming cells, and thus, the result is myelin degeneration.
One Millinewton FEEP Thruster Tests (1999)

This paper presents the results of functional tests carried out on the first 7 em slit FEEP emitter prototype designed and manufactured at Centrospazio. While FEEP emitters have traditionally been fed with cesium, this thruster used rubidium as a propellant. The investigations carried out include electrical parameters measurement and ion beam profile recording. The use of Rb resulted in immediate, good wetting of the emitter blades and in very good ion emission, while emitter misalignement caused a portion of the usefullenght of the thruster not to operate, showing how sensitive this thruster is to small changes in its delicate geometrical arrangement. Nevertheless, maximum estimated thrust was as high as 1.2 mN and beam divergence was within the expected values.
Graph Based Root Cause Analysis in Cloud Data Center (2020)

The appeal of low cost computing and on demand scaling of cloud technologies has resulted in the migration of many software applications to the cloud. This increased reliance on the cloud translates to a direct dependence on the cloud data centers, which form the modern cloud. These data centers are complex buildings composed of many system of systems that interact to host the end applications. Detecting anomalous events in this system of systems and then identifying their root cause in a timely manner is a demanding task. In this paper, we present a graphical model to encapsulate the cloud data center system of systems and share a method for reducing the search space for root cause analysis.
Evaluation of Antimicrobial Activity of Ipomoea fistulosa, Furcreae foetida and Barleria mysorensis: An in vitro study (2012)

The aim of this study was to screen the aqueous extract of leaves of Ipomoea fistulosa (Convolvulaceae), Furcraea foetida (Agavaceae), and Barleria mysorensis (Acanthaceae) for antimicrobial activity by in vitro methods. Antimicrobial activity was performed by agar well diffusion method on Muller Hinton agar and Potato Dextrose agar for bacteria and fungi respectively. Among the three plant I. fistulosa showed the highest activity, it showed broad spectrum activity against Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, Proteus mirabilis, Micrococcus letues, Salmonella typhi, Klebsiella pneumonia, Candida albicans and Candida tropicalis. The aqueous extract of I. fistulosa showed maximum relative percentage inhibition against S. aureus (189.71%). Minimum inhibitory concentration was performed by modified agar well diffusion method on Muller Hinton agar and Potato Dextrose agar for bacteria and fungi respectively. Minimum inhibitory concentration values of aqueous extract of I. fistulosa varied from 0.05–50 mg/ml. With these results we conclude that aqueous extract of I. fistulosa leaves possess significant antimicrobial activity against a variety of microorganisms and could be used as a potential source of antimicrobial compounds.
The Effect of Heterogeneous Data for Alzheimer's Disease Detection from\n Speech (2018)

Speech datasets for identifying Alzheimer's disease (AD) are generally\nrestricted to participants performing a single task, e.g. describing an image\nshown to them. As a result, models trained on linguistic features derived from\nsuch datasets may not be generalizable across tasks. Building on prior work\ndemonstrating that same-task data of healthy participants helps improve AD\ndetection on a single-task dataset of pathological speech, we augment an\nAD-specific dataset consisting of subjects describing a picture with multi-task\nhealthy data. We demonstrate that normative data from multiple speech-based\ntasks helps improve AD detection by up to 9%. Visualization of decision\nboundaries reveals that models trained on a combination of structured picture\ndescriptions and unstructured conversational speech have the least out-of-task\nerror and show the most potential to generalize to multiple tasks. We analyze\nthe impact of age of the added samples and if they affect fairness in\nclassification. We also provide explanations for a possible inductive bias\neffect across tasks using model-agnostic feature anchors. This work highlights\nthe need for heterogeneous datasets for encoding changes in multiple facets of\ncognition and for developing a task-independent AD detection model.\n
Photocatalytic and photoelectric properties of cubic Ag3PO4 sub-microcrystals with sharp corners and edges (2012)

Herein, we demonstrate a complex-precipitation strategy for high-yield fabrication of single-crystalline Ag(3)PO(4) sub-microcubes with sharp corners, edges, and smooth surfaces, which exhibit much higher photocatalytic activities and photoelectric conversion properties than spherical Ag(3)PO(4) particles and commercial N-doped TiO(2) under visible light irradiation.
Make it So: Continuous, Flexible Natural Language Interaction with an Autonomous Robot (2012)

While highly constrained language can be used for robot control, robots that can operate as fully autonomous subordinate agents communicating via rich language remain an open challenge. Toward this end, we developed an autonomous system that supports natural, continuous interaction with the operator through language before, during, and after mission execution. The operator communicates instructions to the system through natural language and is given feedback on how each instruction was understood as the system constructs a logical representation of its orders. While the plan is executed, the operator is updated on relevant progress via language and images and can change the robot's orders. Unlike many other integrated systems of this type, the language interface is built using robust, general purpose parsing and semantics systems that do not rely on domain-specific grammars. This system demonstrates a new level of continuous natural language interaction and a novel approach to using general-purpose language and planning components instead of hand-building for the domain. Language-enabled autonomous systems of this type represent important progress toward the goal of integrating robots as effective members of human teams.