gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Analyzing pulse from head motions in video (2014)

We extract heart rate and beat lengths from videos by measuring subtle head oscil-lations that accompany the cardiac cycle. Our method tracks features on the head, temporally filters their trajectories and performs principal component analysis (PCA) to decompose the trajectories into a set of ID component motions. It then chooses the component that is most periodic as the pulse signal. Finally, we identify peaks of the chosen signal, which correspond to heartbeats. When evaluated on 18 subjects our approach reported heart rates nearly identical to an electrocardiogram (ECG) device for all subjects and obtained similar beat length distributions for 17. In addition we obtained pulse rate from videos of the back of the head and of sleeping newborns. Initial findings also show that our method can measure heart rate from body parts other than the head and can measure respiration rate by selecting a different frequency band. Finally, we present visualization techniques such as motion magnification for
Detection, immunoabsorption, and inhibition of cytotoxic activity of anti‐αGal antibodies using newly developed substances with synthetic Gal α1–3Gal disaccharide epitopes (1995)

Abstract: The presence of naturally occurring anti‐Galα1–3Gal (anti‐αGal) antibodies in human serum is believed to be a major factor in the hyperacute rejection of discordant organ xenografts such as the pig‐to‐human combination. Galα1–3Gal epitopes are expressed on pig tissues and the binding of anti‐αGal leads to endothelial cell activation and complement‐mediated, hyperacute graft rejection. One possible method to overcome this problem is to absorb anti‐αGal antibodies from the plasma of the xenograft recipient using a suitable immunoabsorbent or to interfere with their binding to tissues and thus prevent their cytotoxic activity by the intravenous injection of soluble antigen. We describe here the use of new synthetic antigens containing the Galα1–3Gal disaccharide (Bdi) epitope. Soluble conjugates of the Bdi with polyacrylamide (PAA‐Bdi) were used as coating antigens for an anti‐αGal ELISA as well as for in vitro inhibition of the cytotoxicity of anti‐αGal. An immunoabsorbent consisting of PAA‐Bdi coupled to macroporous glass (Sorbent Bdi) was tested for absorption of anti‐αGal from human serum. Anti‐αGal IgM, IgG and IgA could be detected by the anti‐αGal ELISA and were specifically absorbed by Sorbent Bdi with absorption efficiencies ranging from 70 to 50% for anti‐αGal IgG and 60 to 25% for anti‐αGal IgM. A comparison of the anti‐αGal absorption by Sorbent Bdi and rabbit red blood cells revealed a qualitatively (isotype distribution) and quantitatively similar pattern. Nonspecific absorption by Sorbent Bdi was low, as detected by the reduction of anti‐A trisaccharide antibodies. The cytotoxic effect of human serum on pig kidney (PK15) cells was almost totally inhibited by the addition of synthetic B disaccharide or by adsorption of the serum through immunoaffinity columns of PAA‐Bdi. We conclude that the newly developed, synthetic αGal1–3Gal antigens are suitable for the detection and immunoabsorption or inhibition of anti‐αGal antibodies.
Feeding acetyl- <scp>l</scp> -carnitine and lipoic acid to old rats significantly improves metabolic function while decreasing oxidative stress (2002)

Mitochondrial-supported bioenergetics decline and oxidative stress increases during aging. To address whether the dietary addition of acetyl-l-carnitine [ALCAR, 1.5% (wt/vol) in the drinking water] and/or (R)-alpha-lipoic acid [LA, 0.5% (wt/wt) in the chow] improved these endpoints, young (2-4 mo) and old (24-28 mo) F344 rats were supplemented for up to 1 mo before death and hepatocyte isolation. ALCAR+LA partially reversed the age-related decline in average mitochondrial membrane potential and significantly increased (P = 0.02) hepatocellular O(2) consumption, indicating that mitochondrial-supported cellular metabolism was markedly improved by this feeding regimen. ALCAR+LA also increased ambulatory activity in both young and old rats; moreover, the improvement was significantly greater (P = 0.03) in old versus young animals and also greater when compared with old rats fed ALCAR or LA alone. To determine whether ALCAR+LA also affected indices of oxidative stress, ascorbic acid and markers of lipid peroxidation (malondialdehyde) were monitored. The hepatocellular ascorbate level markedly declined with age (P = 0.003) but was restored to the level seen in young rats when ALCAR+LA was given. The level of malondialdehyde, which was significantly higher (P = 0.0001) in old versus young rats, also declined after ALCAR+LA supplementation and was not significantly different from that of young unsupplemented rats. Feeding ALCAR in combination with LA increased metabolism and lowered oxidative stress more than either compound alone.
High Incidence of GJB2 Mutations During Screening of Newborns for Hearing Loss in Austria (2007)

Our findings of the high mutation rate in the Austrian population, especially in neonates identified during the newborn screening program, confirm the importance of screening for mutations in GJB2.
Diagnostic performance of central vein sign for multiple sclerosis with a simplified three-lesion algorithm (2017)

A simplified determination of CVS in three white matter lesions on 3T FLAIR* MRI demonstrated good specificity and sensitivity and fair inter-rater reliability for a diagnosis of MS and with further study, may be a candidate for clinical application.
Verification of a Travel Time Estimation Method using Data obtained from the Toll Collection System (2001)

Recently, travel time information is very important at a traffic control system. At present, travel time information is calculated by sensor data such as traffic counter data. However, this method can not apply to a road without sensors. Therefore, this paper verify a travel time estimation method using data obtained from the toll collection system by using actual data. This method mainly consists of a removing method of unusual data, such as extremely long travel time and so on, and a calculating method of a travel time estimation value. A travel time estimation value can be calculated by using this method in the low cost in the road without a sensor. Furthermore, this method was verified by using actual data obtained from an expressway. As a result, the travel time estimation value obtained from the toll collection system confirmed that it was the level which could be used as an actual results value.
Long-wavelength (? ? 8–115??µm) semiconductor lasers with waveguides based on surface plasmons (1998)

Laser waveguides based on surface plasmons at a metal-semiconductor interface have been demonstrated by use of quantum cascade (QC) lasers emitting in the 8-11.5-microm wavelength range. The guided modes are transverse magnetic polarized surface waves that propagate at the metal (Pd or Ti-Au)-semiconductor interface between the laser top contact and the active region without the necessity for waveguide cladding layers. The resultant structure has the advantages of a strong decrease in the total layer thickness and a higher confinement factor of the laser-active region compared with those of a conventional layered semiconductor waveguide, and strong coupling to the active material, which could be used in devices such as distributed-feedback lasers. These advantages have to be traded against the disadvantage of increased absorption losses. A peak output power exceeding 25 mW at 90 K and a maximum operating temperature of 150 K were measured for a QC laser with an emission wavelength lambda approximately 8 microm . At lambda approximately 11.5 microm the peak power levels are several milliwatts and the maximum operating temperature is 110 K.
Magnetic guidestar assisted light focusing through scattering media (Conference Presentation) (2017)

Optical scattering of biological tissue limits the working depth of conventional biomedical optics, which relies on the detection of ballistic photons. Recent developed optical phase conjugation (OPC) technique breaks through this depth limit by harnessing the scattered photons and shaping an optical wavefront that can “undo” the optical scattering. The OPC system measures the complex light field exiting the tissue and reconstructs a phase conjugated copy of the measured wavefront, which propagates in the reversed direction to the source of the light. To focus light inside a scattering medium, an embedded light source or “guidestar” is often required. Therefore, developing guidestar mechanisms plays an important role in advancing the OPC technique for deep tissue optical focusing and imaging. In addition to having strong optical modulation efficiency and compact size, a favorable guidestar for biomedical applications should also have good biocompatibility, fast response time, and be noninvasive or require only minimally invasive procedure. While a number of guidestar mechanisms have been developed and showed promising for various biomedical applications, they all have their own limitations. We have been developing new guidestars and tailoring them to meet the need for biomedical imaging and therapies. We are going to present our recent progress in novel guidestar development, compare them with established guidestar mechanisms, and discuss their potential in biomedical applications.
High Yield Synthesis of Diamino-Substituted Silsesquioxane Building Blocks (2011)

Abstract : Polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxane (POSS) materials are monodisperse oligomers of (RSiO1.5)n that have found application as property enhancers in many thermoset and thermoplastic systems. However, there are not many high-yield scalable syntheses available for producing POSS diamines suitable for incorporation into high-temperature materials. High-yield scalable syntheses were designed and implemented to produce a family of phenylPOSS derivatives containing two aniline groups. These amino functionalities can be either meta, meta- or para, para- on the aromatic groups. The POSS groups can be either pendent to the amino groups or else in chain. When these POSS are mixed with other diamines similar to ODA they are easily copolymerized with dianhydrides from the PMDA family to make a variety of polyimides. Exploration of the properties of such polyimides and oligiomides is underway with the goal to delineate the effect of the stereochemistry of the POSS on the properties of the polymer.
<i>Trichoderma</i>species for biocontrol of soil-borne plant pathogens of pasture species (2015)

Soil-borne plant pathogens such as Rhizoctonia solani (Kuhn), Pythium ultimum (Trow) and Sclerotinia trifoliorum (Eriks) can reduce grass and forage legume establishment. The potential for biocontrol of these pathogens by Trichoderma fungi was evaluated. Following dual culture assays, nine Trichoderma isolates (five of Trichoderma atroviride and one each of Trichoderma hamatum, Trichoderma koningiopsis, Trichoderma viride and Trichoderma virens) were chosen for assessment in pot experiments. In the presence of R. solani, perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne L.) emergence was increased by 60–150% by two isolates of T. atroviride and by 35–212% by the isolate of T. virens, with the increase depending on growing medium and amount of pathogen inoculum. Red clover (Trifolium pratense L.) emergence in the presence of S. trifoliorum was significantly increased by two T. atroviride isolates and the T. hamatum isolate. In the presence of P. ultimum, white clover (Trifolium repens L.) emergence was increased by 25–42% by one isolate of T. atroviride and the T. hamatum isolate. However, for all three pasture species, some Trichoderma isolates reduced seedling emergence. Seedling growth (shoot and root fresh weight/plant) of the three pasture species was significantly increased by one or more T. atroviride isolates. On the basis of these results for both disease reduction and growth promotion, four T. atroviride isolates were selected for field assessment as biocontrol agents of soil-borne pathogens of pasture species.
Design concepts for a 3-phase axial peg style electrostatic rotating machine utilizing variable elastance (2015)

Rotating electric machinery is usually constructed of iron/steel laminations, copper windings, and permanent magnets. This paper investigates fluid-filled, electrostatic rotating machines for the ultimate ambition of transitioning fundamental magnetic materials to dielectrics in order to reduce production costs. The study of the axial-peg-style electrostatic rotating machine focuses on basic geometric and material knowledge and the creation of design tools. An axial peg machine possesses interdigitated pegs (cylinders) that come into, and out of, radial alignment as the machine rotates causing variable capacitance between the stator and rotor. A prototype with peak torque of 0.7N-m and gap field strength of 15kV/mm was constructed. The specific torque density of the machine is 0.101N-m/kg, comparable to fractional horsepower NEMA class induction machines. This was achieved by filling the machine with a dielectric fluid, whose relative permittivity is 7.1, rather than the ultra-high vacuum typically employed in canonical electrostatics. Experimental measurements presented include angular capacitance, peak torque and torque-per-volt under stall conditions. Construction techniques are discussed in detail.
White organic light emitting diodes using Pt-based red, green, and blue phosphorescent dopants (2013)

Organic light emitting diodes using Pt-based red, green and blue dopants have been built for application to solid state lighting. All layers were deposited by thermal evaporation. Devices used a stacked design with separate red, green and blue layers. Blue devices achieved external quantum efficiencies of over 16% while devices with red / green / blue emissive layers reached quantum efficiencies of up to 15%, depending on the thickness of the red and green layers. We demonstrate an all-Pt based multiple emissive layer WOLED device.
Interpenetrating Polymer Networks with Stable Second-Order Optical Nonlinearity via an In Situ Sol-Gel Reaction (1993)

Several organic nonlinear optical (NLO) materials possess larger second-order optical nonlinearities than their inorganic counterparts. However, the temporal stability of the NLO properties in the polymeric materials needs to be improved at elevated temperatures. The longterm NLO stability is a critical factor for possible future applications. To enhance the temporal stability, NLO moieties are usually incorporated in a high glass transition temperature (Tg) polymer which is capable of preventing the randomization of the poled (aligned) NLO molecules. Moreover, the temporal stability can be greatly enhanced when a certain degree of crosslinking is introduced. 1
A Machine Learning Approach to Identifying the Thought Markers of Suicidal Subjects: A Prospective Multicenter Trial (2016)

Death by suicide demonstrates profound personal suffering and societal failure. While basic sciences provide the opportunity to understand biological markers related to suicide, computer science provides opportunities to understand suicide thought markers. In this novel prospective, multimodal, multicenter, mixed demographic study, we used machine learning to measure and fuse two classes of suicidal thought markers: verbal and nonverbal. Machine learning algorithms were used with the subjects' words and vocal characteristics to classify 379 subjects recruited from two academic medical centers and a rural community hospital into one of three groups: suicidal, mentally ill but not suicidal, or controls. By combining linguistic and acoustic characteristics, subjects could be classified into one of the three groups with up to 85% accuracy. The results provide insight into how advanced technology can be used for suicide assessment and prevention.
Sweeteners interacting with the transmembrane domain of the human sweet-taste receptor induce sweet-taste synergisms in binary mixtures (2011)

Sweet enhancing effect of neohesperidin dihydrochalcone (NHDC) or cyclamate has been reported to be synergistic in human sensory tests. However, little is known about whether these synergisms are caused by the mechanism mediated by the human sweet-taste receptor. Here, we examined the sweetness intensity of sweet tastant mixtures by measuring the responses of cultured cells stably expressing the human sweet-taste receptor. The results showed that the cell response to sucrose was synergistically potentiated by the addition of NHDC or cyclamate. Moreover, a point mutation in the transmembrane domain of hT1R3 almost completely eliminated the enhancing effects of NHDC and cyclamate. These results suggest that ligand–receptor interactions in the transmembrane domain of hT1R3 are necessary for NHDC and cyclamate to elicit the synergistic potentiation of the receptor activation. Our results may provide the foundation of a molecular basis for receptor-based synergisms of sweet tastes in mixtures of diverse sweet substances.
Silicon-Germanium (SiGe) composition and thickness determination via simultaneous smallspot XPS and XRF measurements (2014)

The thickness and composition determination of Silicon-Germanium (SiGe) films have been demonstrated using simultaneous X-ray Photoelectron (XPS) and X-ray Fluorescence (XRF) measurements. Measurements of SiGe films in various applications were explored. It is shown that the measurement is sensitive and linear over a much wider range of SiGe thickness, with excellent precision. Long term stability of the measurement is also shown to be very good.
Thermomagnetic Processing of Aluminum Alloys During Heat Treatment (2020)

Abstract Processing materials under magnetic fields is an underexplored technique to improve structure and mechanical properties in metals and alloys. Magnetic fields can alter phase stability, modify diffusion characteristics, and alter material flow substantially. In castings, magnetic fields can be used during melting of the alloy, during solidification, or during postprocessing operations such as heat treatment to achieve structural changes. This work investigates the effectiveness of thermomagnetic processing during heat treatment of Al alloys containing in the Al–Cu, Al–Si–Cu, and Al–Mg–Ce systems. We demonstrate an improvement in mechanical properties and a reduction in required heat treatment times for all alloys.
Sensorless control of the switched reluctance motor drive based on the stiff system control concept and signature detection (2002)

A new method for sensorless control of the switched reluctance motor (SRM) drive is presented in this paper. This new sensorless control method is based on the stiff system control concept and signature detection technique. Suppose, initially, the SRM is controlled without any position sensor and running at synchronous operation with each phase current pulse resting on the positive phase inductance slope. A load disturbance will cause the rotor speed to change and each phase current pulse to shift along with the phase inductance profile. The rotor speed will change much slower than the phase currents because the mechanical time constant is much larger than the electrical time constant. If there exists a signature in the phase current, indicating the shifting of the phase current pulse, the controller can detect the shifting of the phase current pulses by monitoring this current signature and correct the phase excitation to bring the current pulses back to the positive inductance slopes before the rotor speed changes too much. This can be done because the control time constant is much smaller than the electrical time constant. Simulation and experimental results are presented to show the validity of this sensorless SRM control method.
Planar Hall Effect Sensors With Subnanotesla Resolution (2013)

We report the fabrication of elliptical planar Hall effect sensors made of Permalloy with response determined by shape-induced uniaxial anisotropy. By using ac excitation and by optimizing the sensor thickness and the amplitude of the excitation current, we have obtained a magnetic field resolution which is better than 600 pT/ √Hz at 1 Hz and close to 1 nT/ √Hz at 0.1 Hz. We discuss possible routes for further improvement of the obtained resolution.
Iron Sulfide Scale Inhibition: Squeeze Life Extension Through Improved Interaction Between Scale Inhibitor and Rock (2020)

Abstract Iron sulfide deposition is a ubiquitous phenomenon in sour oil and gas wells and presents unique challenges for its control and management downhole. The majority of current FeS anti-scale chemical technologies tend to be ‘reactive’ rather than ‘proactive’ for downhole scale mitigation, and currently there are few FeS scale inhibitor squeeze options available. The following paper details work performed to modify an existing novel and unique sulfide scale inhibitor to further enhance its sulfide scale inhibition efficacy and to reconfigure the polymer molecule structure for improved adsorption / desorption behavior sufficient to allow squeeze application for control and mitigation of FeS scale downhole. All new polymeric inhibitor chemistries were tailored for high total dissolved solid (TDS) and high downhole temperature chalk sour gas well application. Further ranking was performed via automated static adsorption tests, iron sulfide efficacy tests and high calcium brine compatibility jar tests to identify the best squeeze applicable candidates for final formation damage coreflood testing. Introduction of new anchor group functionality into the polymer resulted in improved adsorption behavior (identified via the static adsorption test), while having minimal impact on the inhibitors high TDS / high calcium brine tolerance and also on its FeS scale inhibition performance. The kinetic adsorption study showed &gt; 2 mg inhibitor/g rock adsorption on field analogous chalk rock, which is markedly higher compared to the original parent sulfide inhibitor molecule or other new polymeric variants synthesized without the new anchor groups. FeS scale inhibitor adsorption was further improved by optimizing the ratio of monomer and functional groups on the polymer. Simulated field squeeze coreflood testing revealed no appreciable formation damage to outcrop core analogue under simulated field application conditions and the new variant inhibitor chemicals also showed significant useful adsorption/desorption behaviour. The new polymeric scale inhibitors are suitable for both continuous injection and squeeze application for control of FeS scale in high temperature and high calcium ion sour gas chalk wells. For squeeze application, testing revealed a low formation damage potential combined with significant chemical retention for potentially extended squeeze lifetime in the field. Ultimately this technology heralds a new era in downhole scale management for sour producer wells plagued by FeS scale via reduction of treatment frequency for assured well integrity.
Field-assisted bonding of single crystal quartz (1989)

A technique to produce strong, hermetic bonds between plates of single crystal quartz using a modified field-assisted bonding process is presented. Field-assisted bonding is a technique traditionally used to join glass to metals at temperatures well below normal glass softening temperatures. To promote reactivity between quartz within an electrical field at temperatures well below quartz transformation temperatures, thin films of silicon metal and glass were vapor deposited onto adjacent quartz plates. Thermal stresses caused by expansion mismatch between the quartz and the films were of concern. These stresses were reduced by determining the minimum film thicknesses capable of yielding sufficient reactivity for bonding. Processing studies were conducted to optimize bond integrity, and bonds were characterized by hermeticity, thermal shock, and mechanical shock. Packages produced under the most ideal conditions were able to survive greater than 1000 psi shock loads. 11 refs., 10 figs., 3 tabs.