gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Challenges In Cancer Immunotherapy (2023)

The concept of deploying the immune system to treat neoplastic diseases emerged in the nineteenth century. It made significant progress in the twentieth century with the advent of new technology. Various immunotherapy treatments exist, including cancer vaccines, monoclonal antibodies, cytokines, adjuvants, tumor-infecting viruses, and adoptive immunotherapy. The different types and approaches of immunotherapy have revolutionized the field of oncology by increasing the survival of patients with fatal cancers. Despite these advances, there are still many obstacles in immunotherapy. This review will discuss the challenges in immunotherapy, including the need for more predictive biomarkers, tumor heterogeneity, and resistance to drugs.
The Inherent Flaws in the Inherent Authority Position: Why Inviting Local Enforcement of Immigration Laws Violates the Constitution, Immigr. & Nat'lity L. Rev. (2004)

After 9/11, Attorney General John Ashcroft announced that state and local authorities have "inherent authority" as sovereigns to enforce federal immigration laws. This announcement, a reversal from previous legal positions taken by DOJ, sent shockwaves through the immigrant and law enforcement communities. Previously, immigration law had been treated, both by law and in practice, as the exclusive province of the federal government. This article considers the constitutional barriers to local enforcement. Although the fascinating interplay among immigration law, national security and anti-terrorism, and federalism has been highlighted in some of the debate up to now, the federalism-related issues go beyond mere preemption and require a fundamental examination of the proper scope of the federal immigration power. Specifically, this article argues that there is a constitutional mandate for uniform immigration laws, and DOJ's position will lead to uneven enforcement of immigration laws in violation of that mandate. As proposed by DOJ, local authorities decide for themselves whether to enforce immigration laws, and then, if they agree, they will be bound by different state laws affecting their arrest powers. This proposal will result in an unconstitutional "thousand borders," as the same immigration violation will be enforced in one jurisdiction but not in another, perhaps neighboring, jurisdiction.
An Encounter-Type Multi-Fingered Master Hand Using Circuitous Joints (2006)

We have developed a new type of master hand to control a dexterous slave robot hand for telexistence. Our master hand has two features. One is a compact exoskeleton mechanism called “circuitous joint,” which covers wide workspace of an operator’s finger. Another is the encounter-type force feedback that enables unconstrained motion of the operator’s finger and natural contact sensation. In this paper, the mechanism and control method of our master hand are introduced and experimental master-slave finger control is conducted.
Expression of the green fluorescent protein in the oligodendrocyte lineage: A transgenic mouse for developmental and physiological studies (2002)

Abstract We generated a transgenic mouse expressing the enhanced green fluorescent protein (EGFP) under the control of the 2′‐3′‐cyclic nucleotide 3′‐phosphodiesterase (CNP) promoter. EGFP + cells were visualized in live tissue throughout embryonic and postnatal development. Immunohistochemical analysis in brain tissue and in sciatic nerve demonstrated that EGFP expression was restricted to cells of the oligodendrocyte and Schwann cell lineages. EGFP was also strongly expressed in “adult” oligodendrocyte progenitors (OPs) and in gray matter oligodendrocytes. Fluorescence‐activated cell sorting allowed high‐yield purification of EGFP + oligodendrocyte‐lineage cells from transgenic brains. Electrophysiological patch clamp recordings of EGFP + cells in situ demonstrated that OP cells displayed large outward tetraethylammonium (TEA)‐sensitive K + currents and very small inward currents, whereas mature oligodendrocytes were characterized by expression of large inward currents and small outward K + currents. The proliferation rate of EGFP + cells in developing white matter decreased with the age of the animals and was strongly inhibited by TEA. Oligodendrocyte development and physiology can be studied in live tissue of CNP‐EGFP transgenic mice, which represent a source of pure EGFP + oligodendrocyte‐lineage cells throughout development. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Deep‐Learning Detection of Cancer Metastases to the Brain on MRI (2020)

3 TECHNICAL EFFICACY STAGE: 2 J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2020;52:1227-1236.
Topical cholesterol treatment ameliorates hapten‐evoked cutaneous hypersensitivity by sustaining expression of 11β‐<scp>HSD</scp>1 in epidermis (2013)

Changes in the stratum corneum extracellular matrix impair epidermal barrier function and may cause dermatoses. The aim of this study was to examine the effect of exogenous cholesterol application on skin barrier function and cutaneous inflammation. Skin barrier-disrupted or hapten-stimulated mice were treated with topical cholesterol. The effect of topical cholesterol application on an oxazolone (OXA)-induced hypersensitivity reaction was evaluated. Topical application of cholesterol efficiently decreased transepidermal water loss in areas of barrier-disrupted skin and ameliorated OXA-induced cutaneous hypersensitivity. These favourable effects may have resulted from sustained expression of 11β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 1 (11β-HSD1) in the cholesterol-treated skin. As 11β-HSD1 is known to produce active cortisol, topical cholesterol may attenuate contact hypersensitivity by normalizing secretion of hormonally active cortisol from the skin.
Androgen Receptor Targeted Treatments of Prostate Cancer: 35 Years of Progress with Antiandrogens (2018)

Antiandrogens have already provided important benefits for prostate cancer treatment. Greater knowledge about the structural and functional biology of the androgen receptor in prostate cancer will facilitate further discovery and development of further improved antiandrogens with enhanced clinical activity in patients with advanced metastatic disease. Testing these new agents earlier in the course of prostate cancer may further improve the survival and quality of life of patients with current local and/or systemic treatment modalities.
Investigation of Sulfide Scavengers in Well-Acidizing Fluids (2002)

Summary This paper describes the development of acidizing systems that use several different aldehyde-based sulfide-suppression chemicals in conjunction with new acid-corrosion inhibitors. Specific combinations of these chemicals have allowed the acid to dissolve the FeS and suppress the formation of H2S, yet still enable acid inhibition to industry corrosion standards. Experimental results were compared with previously published data.1 Field acid treatments were accomplished successfully, and they resulted in large increases in gas production. The new chemicals and procedures will allow the operators to safely remove large amounts of fouling deposits while controlling the toxic and corrosive effects of H2S much more effectively than with previously used products.
Designing Wireless Sensor Networks as a Shared Resource for Sustainable Development (2006)

Wireless sensor networks (WSNs) are a relatively new and rapidly developing technology; they have a wide range of applications including environmental monitoring, agriculture, and public health. Shared technology is a common usage model for technology adoption in developing countries. WSNs have great potential to be utilized as a shared resource due to their on-board processing and ad-hoc networking capabilities, however their deployment as a shared resource requires that the technical community first address several challenges. The main challenges include enabling sensor portability: (1) the frequent movement of sensors within and between deployments, and rapidly deployable systems; (2) systems that are quick and simple to deploy. We first discuss the feasibility of using sensor networks as a shared resource, and then describe our research in addressing the various technical challenges that arise in enabling such sensor portability and rapid deployment. We also outline our experiences in developing and deploying water quality monitoring wireless sensor networks in Bangladesh and California
Fascin overexpression promotes neoplastic progression in oral squamous cell carcinoma (2012)

In conclusion, our results indicate that fascin promotes tumor progression and activates AKT and MAPK pathways in OSCC-derived cells. Further, our correlative studies of fascin expression in OSCC with clinico-pathological parameters of the patients indicate that fascin may prove to be useful in prognostication and treatment of OSCC.
[Inflammatory process in atherosclerosis]. (2011)

Atherosclerosis is a chronic inflammatory disease. Development of atherosclerosis involves a variety of cell types, including endothelial, smooth muscle, and immune cells, which exhibit complex interplays. Recent studies have demonstrated that bone marrow-derived cells, including immune cells, play previously unappreciated roles in atherogenesis. In addition, it is becoming increasingly clear that chronic inflammation is also crucially involved in metabolic abnormalities, such as adipose tissue obesity and diabetes. Elucidation of molecular mechanisms that mediate cellular interactions in chronic inflammation would lead to identification of novel therapeutic targets.
Recombinant MUC1 mucin with a breast cancer-like O-glycosylation produced in large amounts in Chinese-hamster ovary cells (2003)

We have developed an expression system for the production of large quantities of recombinant MUC1 mucin in CHO-K1 (Chinese-hamster ovary K1) cells. The extracellular part of human MUC1, including 16 MUC1 tandem repeats, was produced as a fusion protein with murine IgG Fc, with an intervening enterokinase cleavage site for the removal of the Fc tail. Stable MUC1-IgG-producing CHO-K1 clones were generated and were found to secrete MUC1-IgG into the culture medium. After adaptation to suspension culture in protein-free medium in a bioreactor, the fusion protein was secreted in large quantities (100 mg/l per day) into the culture supernatant. From there, MUC1 could be purified to homogeneity using a two-step procedure including enterokinase cleavage and ion-exchange chromatography. Capillary liquid chromatography MS of released oligosaccharides from CHO-K1-produced MUC1 identified the main O-glycans as Galbeta1-3GalNAc (core 1) and mono- and di-sialylated core 1. The glycans occupied on average 4.3 of the five potential O-glycosylation sites in the tandem repeats, as determined by nano-liquid chromatography MS of partially deglycosylated Clostripain-digested protein. A very similar O-glycan profile and site occupancy was found in MUC1-IgG produced in the breast carcinoma cell line T47D, which has O-glycosylation typical for breast cancer. In contrast, MUC1-IgG produced in another breast cancer cell line, MCF-7, showed a more complex pattern with both core 1- and core 2-based O-glycans. This is the first reported production of large quantities of recombinant MUC1 with a breast cancer-like O-glycosylation that could be used for the immunotherapy of breast cancer.
Total synthesis of .+-.-isocyclocelabenzene (1986)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTTotal synthesis of .+-.-isocyclocelabenzeneHideo Iida, Kiyoshi Fukuhara, Yoshiaki Murayama, Mitsuo Machiba, and Toyohiko KikuchiCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1986, 51, 24, 4701–4703Publication Date (Print):November 1, 1986Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 November 1986https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo00374a035https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00374a035research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views382Altmetric-Citations8LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Gene expression changes associated with chemically induced rat mammary carcinogenesis (1997)

Experimentally induced models of breast carcinogenesis in the rat are widely used for studying the biology of breast cancer and for developing and evaluating cancer prevention and control strategies. However, very little is known about gene expression changes that are associated with experimentally induced mammary carcinogenesis. This paper reports the identification, by differential display of mRNA and molecular cloning, of seven cDNA fragments of gene transcripts overexpressed in mammary carcinomas induced by 1-methyl-1-nitrosourea. These genes included the rat homologues of human galectin-7 gene, the human/mouse melanoma inhibitory activity/bovine chondrocyte-derived retinoic acid sensitive protein gene, the mouse stearoyl-CoA desaturase-2 gene, and the mouse endo B cytokeratin/human cytokeratin-18 gene. Although each of these genes has been implicated in some aspect of carcinogenesis in other organs, this paper is the first report of their overexpression in chemically induced mammary carcinomas. Two previously uncharacterized gene transcripts were also identified. A comparison of the expression levels of several genes in mammary carcinomas with those in the normal mammary gland tissue of virgin rats, mid-stage pregnant rats, and of day 1 postpartum lactating dams indicated that the overexpression of several genes observed in mammary carcinomas could not be accounted for by either a difference in the mammary epithelial content between mammary carcinoma and normal mammary tissue or by mammary epithelium-specific proliferation associated with pregnancy. Several genes were also overexpressed in rat mammary carcinomas induced by 7,12-dimethylbenz[a]anthracene but not in azoxymethane-induced rat colon adenocarcinomas. The genes identified in this study may therefore represent mammary carcinoma-specific molecular markers that may be helpful in investigations of mammary carcinogenesis and its prevention.
Thousands of primer-free, high-quality, full-length SSU rRNA sequences from all domains of life (2016)

Abstract Ribosomal RNA (rRNA) genes are the consensus marker for determination of microbial diversity on the planet, invaluable in studies of evolution and, for the past decade, high-throughput sequencing of variable regions of ribosomal RNA genes has become the backbone of most microbial ecology studies. However, the underlying reference databases of full-length rRNA gene sequences are underpopulated, ecosystem skewed 1 , and subject to primer bias 2 , which hamper our ability to study the true diversity of ecosystems. Here we present an approach that combines reverse transcription of full-length small subunit (SSU) rRNA genes and synthetic long read sequencing by molecular tagging, to generate primer-free, full-length SSU rRNA gene sequences from all domains of life, with a median raw error rate of 0.17%. We generated thousands of full-length SSU rRNA sequences from five well-studied ecosystems (soil, human gut, fresh water, anaerobic digestion, and activated sludge) and obtained sequences covering all domains of life and the majority of all described phyla. Interestingly, 30% of all bacterial operational taxonomic units were novel, compared to the SILVA database (less than 97% similarity). For the Eukaryotes, the novelty was even larger with 63% of all OTUs representing novel taxa. In addition, 15% of the 18S rRNA OTUs were highly novel sequences with less than 80% similarity to the databases. The generation of primer-free full-length SSU rRNA sequences enabled eco-system specific estimation of primer-bias and, especially for eukaryotes, showed a dramatic discrepancy between the in-silico evaluation and primer-free data generated in this study. The large amount of novel sequences obtained here reaffirms that there is still vast, untapped microbial diversity lacking representatives in the SSU rRNA databases and that there might be more than millions after all 1, 3 . With our new approach, it is possible to readily expand the rRNA databases by orders of magnitude within a short timeframe. This will, for the first time, enable a broad census of the tree of life.
Bacterial viability on chemically modified silicon nanowire arrays (2016)

The global threat of antimicrobial resistance is driving an urgent need for novel antimicrobial strategies. Functional surfaces are essential to prevent spreading of infection and reduce surface contamination. In this study we have fabricated and characterized multiscale-functional nanotopographies with three levels of functionalization: (1) nanostructure topography in the form of silicon nanowires, (2) covalent chemical modification with (3-aminopropyl)triethoxysilane, and (3) incorporation of chlorhexidine digluconate. Cell viability assays were carried out on two model microorganisms E. coli and S. aureus over these nanotopographic surfaces. Using SEM we have identified two growth modes producing distinctive multicellular structures, i.e. in plane growth for E. coli and out of plane growth for S. aureus. We have also shown that these chemically modified SiNWs arrays are effective in reducing the number of planktonic and surface-attached microorganisms.
Remote controlled DSP based image capturing and processing system featuring two-axis motion (2010)

The purpose of this paper is to present the design of a remote controlled DSP based real-time image processing system, equipped with a high resolution CMOS image sensor. This system is implemented utilizing the R-DImPr API and supports a two axes motion of the image sensor based on two stepper motors. The remote control of the system is achieved through a Graphical User Interface (GUI) via Internet or Ethernet. The user is able to configure some parameters of the image sensor such as gain and exposure time. The GUI allows the control of the stepper motors in order to adjust the position of the image sensor and the selection of the desired image processing algorithm. The proposed system can be used as a base of embedded surveillance or machine vision systems because of its open and flexible structure which allows the integration of advanced image processing algorithms.
High spatial resolution telescopic multispectral imaging and spectroscopy of the Moon. 1: The Serenitatis/Tranquillitatis border region (1994)

The region of the moon near the border between Mare Serenitatis and Mare Tranquillitatis is one of the most geologically and compositionally complex areas of the nearside. The geologic history of this region has been shaped by impacts of widely-varying spatial scale and temporal occurrence, by volcanism of variable style and composition with time, and by limited tectonism. We have been studying this region as part of a larger multi remote sensing technique effort to understand the composition, morphology, geology, and stratigraphy of the moon at spatial scales of 2 km or less. The effort has been aided by the proximity of this area to the Apollo 11, 15, and 17 landing sites and by the occurrence of one of the primary lunar spectroscopic 'standard areas' within our scene (MS2). Here, some of the findings from the multispectral imaging and spectroscopy part of this effort are reported.
1-Alkyl-3-Methylimidazolium bis(pentafluoroethylsulfonyl)imide Based Ionic Liquids: A Study of their Physical and Electrochemical Properties (2008)

1-Alkyl-3-Methylimidazolium bis(pentafluoroethylsulfonyl)imide Based Ionic Liquids: A Study of Their Physical and Electrochemical Properties.Ionic liquids are an attractive possibility for battery electrolytes.Five ionic liquids were synthesized using a 1-alkyl-3-methylimidazolium (XMI + ) cation, where the alkyl group was ethyl, propyl, butyl, pentyl, or hexyl, and a bis(pentafluoroethylsulfonyl)imide (Beti -) anion.The absorption and desorption of water, conductivities, densities, viscosities, decomposition temperatures, and electrochemical properties were studied.These ionic liquids were found to absorb less water than previously studied ionic liquids with tetrafluoroborate (BF 4 -) and hexafluorophosphate (PF 6 -) anions.Their conductivities decreased with longer alkyl chains on the imidazolium cation and were lower than ionic liquids with BF 4 -as the anion.The densities of the ionic liquids decreased with increasing temperature and alkyl chain length.Viscosities decreased with increasing temperature but increased with increasing chain length.All of the ionic liquids were found to be thermally stable to nearly 400 o C. The potential windows increased with increasing chain length, from 4.2 V (EMIBeti) to 4.7 V (HMIBeti).
Optical neurochip based on a three-layered feed-forward model (1990)

We report on a GaAs/AlGaAs optical neurochip based on a three-layered feed-forward model. The optical neurochip consists of a light-emitting diode array with 66 elements, a fixed interconnection matrix, and a photodiode array with 110 elements. The interconnection matrix is determined by the backpropagation learning rule with three quantized levels. There are 35, 29, and 26 neurons, respectively, in the input, hidden, and output layers. The excitatory and inhibitory synapses are integrated on one chip. By using the chip and external electronics, we have succeeded in the recognition of 10 characters with 5 x 7 bits.
Base-Position Error Rate Analysis of Next-Generation Sequencing Applied to Circulating Tumor DNA in Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer: A Prospective Study (2016)

In this study of patients with newly diagnosed NSCLC, we found that ctDNA detection using targeted NGS was associated with poor prognosis. The heterogeneity of lung cancer molecular alterations, particularly at time of progression, impairs the ability of individual gene testing to accurately detect ctDNA in unselected patients. Further investigations are needed to evaluate the clinical impact of earlier evaluation times at 1 or 2 wk. Supporting clinical decisions, such as early treatment switching based on ctDNA positivity at first evaluation, will require dedicated interventional studies.