gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Acoustically actuated ultra-compact NEMS magnetoelectric antennas (2017)

State-of-the-art compact antennas rely on electromagnetic wave resonance, which leads to antenna sizes that are comparable to the electromagnetic wavelength. As a result, antennas typically have a size greater than one-tenth of the wavelength, and further miniaturization of antennas has been an open challenge for decades. Here we report on acoustically actuated nanomechanical magnetoelectric (ME) antennas with a suspended ferromagnetic/piezoelectric thin-film heterostructure. These ME antennas receive and transmit electromagnetic waves through the ME effect at their acoustic resonance frequencies. The bulk acoustic waves in ME antennas stimulate magnetization oscillations of the ferromagnetic thin film, which results in the radiation of electromagnetic waves. Vice versa, these antennas sense the magnetic fields of electromagnetic waves, giving a piezoelectric voltage output. The ME antennas (with sizes as small as one-thousandth of a wavelength) demonstrates 1-2 orders of magnitude miniaturization over state-of-the-art compact antennas without performance degradation. These ME antennas have potential implications for portable wireless communication systems.The miniaturization of antennas beyond a wavelength is limited by designs which rely on electromagnetic resonances. Here, Nan et al. have developed acoustically actuated antennas that couple the acoustic resonance of the antenna with the electromagnetic wave, reducing the antenna footprint by up to 100.
A novel engagement-pixel image edge tracking method for extracting gear tooth profile edge (2019)

Accurate gear profile plays an important role in determining the transmission performance of gear-drive equipment. In this paper, a novel method for extracting gear tooth profile edge is presented. The presented method is based on engagement-pixel image edge tracking (EPIET) technique, and does not rely on the traditional meshing theory. An algorithm for the proposed method is put forward. Firstly, instantaneous contact images between the envelope curves of the gear profile and the instantaneous locus of the cutting tool are acquired. Secondly, pixels on the boundary of the envelope curves are lighted and the instantaneous locus coordinates of the cutting tool are calibrated. Lastly, the pixel coordinates of instantaneous meshing points are extracted, based on the fact that there is exactly one contact point per instant, and major error sources of the presented method are discussed. To verify the effectiveness of the presented method, a case study is conducted on a face gear, which is a type of complex conjugate gear, to extract its tooth profile edge. In the study, the tooth profile error and the contact line error are investigated. The results demonstrate that the presented method, without knowing complicated meshing equations, can acquire feasible accuracy and stability, compared with traditional meshing equations. It is shown that the novel method can be extended to applications of digital design of complex conjugate curved surfaces, in a simple and fast manner.
Blue Light-Emitting Diode Phosphors Based upon Oxide, Oxyhalide, and Halide Hosts (2012)

In this article, we describe various oxide, oxyhalide, and halide phosphors that can be used in combination with blue light emitting diodes (LEDs) for lighting and display systems. Within specific host-activator combinations, we briefly discuss composition-property relationships and the potential impact upon LED system performance. In addition, some of the practical drawbacks and open issues for many of these materials are discussed, giving potential routes for future work.
Heparin/Heparan Sulfate 6-O-Sulfatase from Flavobacterium heparinum (2009)

Heparin and heparan sulfate glycosaminoglycans (HSGAGs) comprise a chemically heterogeneous class of sulfated polysaccharides. The development of structure-activity relationships for this class of polysaccharides requires the identification and characterization of degrading enzymes with defined substrate specificity and enzymatic activity. Toward this end, we report here the molecular cloning and extensive structure-function analysis of a 6-O-sulfatase from the Gram-negative bacterium Flavobacterium heparinum. In addition, we report the recombinant expression of this enzyme in Escherichia coli in a soluble, active form and identify it as a specific HSGAG sulfatase. We further define the mechanism of action of the enzyme through biochemical and structural studies. Through the use of defined substrates, we investigate the kinetic properties of the enzyme. This analysis was complemented by homology-based molecular modeling studies that sought to rationalize the substrate specificity of the enzyme and mode of action through an analysis of the active-site topology of the enzyme including identifying key enzyme-substrate interactions and assigning key amino acids within the active site of the enzyme. Taken together, our structural and biochemical studies indicate that 6-O-sulfatase is a predominantly exolytic enzyme that specifically acts on N-sulfated or N-acetylated 6-O-sulfated glucosamines present at the non-reducing end of HSGAG oligosaccharide substrates. This requirement for the N-acetyl or N-sulfo groups on the glucosamine substrate can be explained through eliciting favorable interactions with key residues within the active site of the enzyme. These findings provide a framework that enables the use of 6-O-sulfatase as a tool for HSGAG structure-activity studies as well as expand our biochemical and structural understanding of this important class of enzymes.
89. In Silico Reconstruction of AAV Evolutionary Intermediates To Identify Genetic Determinants of Capsid Function (2015)

Study of naturally occurring isolates of adeno-associated virus has revealed a wide range of phenotypes across several viral characteristics relevant to gene therapy. These fundamental differences in viral properties such as receptor binding, particle assembly, and capsid stability are believed to influence vector properties such as tissue tropism and the efficiency of gene transfer. Although well described, many of these properties of AAV capsids have proven difficult to modulate with traditional biochemical and molecular techniques, such as domain swapping. Epistatic interactions between seemingly disparate mutations along the evolutionary lineage of AAV may be a contributing factor to these difficulties. The goal of our project is to leverage the evolutionary history of AAV towards the end of engineering viral capsids modulated in these viral properties, and in doing so, elucidating novel genetic determinants of capsid function. In this project, our group performed an in-silico, maximum likelihood reconstruction of several putative evolutionary intermediates of AAV. We have predicted, synthesized, and have begun to characterize nine such capsids in vitro, and in vivo. These capsids constitute structurally distinct and phenotypically novel vectors, differing between 1% and 9% in terms of amino acid identity from previously described vectors, and remain capable of gene transfer. The putative evolutionary intermediates demonstrate log-fold differences in particle assembly, producing between 3% and 183% of AAV8 production levels. Moreover, the newly designed and synthesized capsids transduce cells at levels 25% to 851% of AAV8 levels measured through titer-controlled in vitro infectivity experiments. Towards the end of compensating for the uncertainty inherent to our probabilistic methods, we describe a technique for rapidly introducing targeted mutations into an AAV capsid gene, thereby creating well-defined libraries of capsids. Our studies provide novel vector reagents for gene transfer, and are expected to lead to mechanistic and structural insights into AAV biology of transduction and host interaction.
Online bias estimation for multisensor tracking (1999)

Presents a method for the estimation of the bias errors of active and passive sensors used in connection with multisensor multitarget tracking. It is based on comparing the measurements of targets of opportunity, and does not require reference targets or reference sensors. The method handles bias errors that vary with time, and is suitable for online processing. The most essential ingredients of the method are: inclusion of a priori values and uncertainties; minimisation of the appropriate function; linearisation around nominal points; introduction of process noise; and quasi-recursive processing.
A phase I trial of pomalidomide in combination with liposomal doxorubicin in patients with Kaposi sarcoma with or without other KSHV-associated diseases. (2020)

11552 Background: Kaposi sarcoma herpesvirus (KSHV, also known as human herpesvirus 8 [HHV-8]), is the causative agent of Kaposi sarcoma (KS), a multicentric angioproliferative tumor, a form of multicentric Castleman disease (KSHV-MCD), and KSHV inflammatory cytokine syndrome (KICS). KS can be difficult to treat when it occurs with KSHV-MCD or KICS; resulting in high mortality rates. Liposomal doxorubicin (LD) is an FDA-approved treatment for KS. Pomalidomide, an oral immunomodulatory drug, is safe and has demonstrated activity in KS, but the activity of the combination (pomalidomide+LD) in KS alone or with KSHV-associated diseases is unknown. Methods: The primary objective was to evaluate safety and tolerability of pomalidomide+LD in two groups of patients with KS requiring systemic therapy: Group I (GI)- KS alone; Group II (GII)- KS with concurrent KSHV-MCD or KICS. Patients received LD at 20 mg/m 2 intravenously on day 1 of a 28-day cycle combined with pomalidomide once daily on days 1 to 21 at escalating dose levels (DL) (I - 2mg, II - 3mg, or III- 4mg) in a 3+3 design until plateau of response or other pre-specified criteria. Patients received 81mg of aspirin daily as thromboprophylaxis. KS responses were evaluated using the modified AIDS Clinical Trial Group criteria. Results: Thirty-four cisgender men, all with T1-stage KS [21 patients (62%) in GI and 13 patients (38%) in GII] were treated; 32 (94%) were HIV-infected and 22 (65%) had prior chemotherapy for KS (15/21 GI and 7/13 GII). There were no dose-limiting toxicities (DLTs) at DLIII for GI, and additional patients were treated at DLIII. In GII, grade 3 rash and pharyngeal edema were DLTs observed at 3mg of pomalidomide. Overall a median of 6 cycles were administered; the most common grade 3/4 toxicity was neutropenia. Among evaluable patients receiving >2 cycles,17/21 patients in GI had a response (all partial) (81% [95% confidence interval (CI) 58-95%]) and 5/10 patients in GII had a response (4 partial and 1 complete) (50% [95% CI 19-81%]). Conclusions: Pomalidomide+LD was well-tolerated and active in heavily pretreated patients with KS alone. In patients with KS and other KSHV-associated diseases, activity was noted but less well-tolerated. Clinical trial information: NCT02659930 .
Predicting biological system objectives de novo from internal state measurements (2008)

We illustrate how BOSS offers insight into the functional organization of biochemical networks, facilitating the interrogation of cellular design principles and development of cellular engineering applications. Furthermore, we describe how growth is the best-fit objective function for the yeast metabolic network given experimentally-measured fluxes.
A novel terminal differentiation model of human articular chondrocytes in three‐dimensional cultures mimicking chondrocytic changes in osteoarthritis (2006)

This study establishes a cell culture model mimicking the terminal differentiation occurring in osteoarthritic chondrocytes. Normal articular chondrocytes obtained from human knees treated with 5-azacytidine (Aza-C) were harvested 3, 7 and 14 days after treatment. Phenotypic and genetic changes of articular chondrocytes were detected. The results show that mRNA expression of collagen type II, a marker for normal functional articular chondrocytes, was significantly decreased after Aza-C treatment in comparison to the control cultures, while those of collagen type X and ALP, markers for hypertrophic chondrocytes, were significantly increased. Cell size and apoptotic rate of articular chondrocytes showed significant increases compared to the control after 14 days of Aza-C treatment. Terminal differentiation is shown by this model of three-dimensional cultured human articular chondrocytes, which could apply to the studies of the cellular mechanisms of osteoarthritis.
Selective Staudinger Modification of Proteins Containing <i>p</i>‐Azidophenylalanine (2005)

The unnatural amino acid p-azidophenylalanine was genetically introduced into a phage-displayed peptide and mutant Z-domain protein. These azide-containing proteins were selectively and efficiently modified by using fluorescein-derived phosphines and the Staudinger ligation reaction (see picture). This work provides a powerful new tool for the selective modification of proteins with a variety of synthetic agents. Supporting information for this article is available on the WWW under http://www.wiley-vch.de/contents/jc_2268/2005/z500314_s.pdf or from the author. Please note: The publisher is not responsible for the content or functionality of any supporting information supplied by the authors. Any queries (other than missing content) should be directed to the corresponding author for the article.
Use of a synthetic homologue of human fibrinopeptide A for production of a monoclonal antibody specific for the free peptide (1989)

It has been shown that epitopes reactive with one group of rabbit antibodies to human fibrinopeptide A (hFPA, A alpha 1-16) are included in its COOH-terminal region (A alpha 7-16). It was further established that Asp-7, Phe-8, and Arg-16 contribute to immunoreactivity and that intact fibrinogen and hFPA-containing fragments react poorly with such antibodies. The purpose of this investigation was to prepare a synthetic peptide corresponding to A alpha 7-16 and use it for generation of FPA-specific monoclonal antibodies (MoAbs). Such probes would allow for development of assays that could measure hFPA directly in plasma. In our approach, an ovalbumin-conjugate of the hFPA homologue served as immunogen. Mouse spleen cells were fused with the immunoglobulin nonsecretor myeloma (P3X63Ag8.653). A hybridoma (8C2-5) has been isolated that secretes an antibody (MoAb/8C2-5) with the following characteristics: (a) IgG1, kappa isotype; (b) equilibrium dissociation constant of 1.5 +/- 0.2 x 10(7) L/mol with the [125I]-labeled N-tyrosyl derivative of hFPA [( 125I] Tyr-hFPA) as ligand; (c) reacts with hFPA and dog FPA (dFPA) but not with the des Arg (A alpha 1-15) or shorter peptides; (d) does not react with intact fibrinogen or A alpha-chain of human or dog origin; (e) does not react with the elastase-generated hFPA-containing peptide A alpha 1-21. Enzyme-based immunoassays (EIAs) have been developed for measuring plasma hFPA levels in the range 3 x 10(-8) to 5 x 10(-7) mol/L. Since it has already been shown by a number of investigators that hFPA levels in patients with overt defibrination fall into this range, we propose that the MoAb/8C2-5-based assays may serve as useful clinical tools in screening patients at risk of thrombosis. The 8C2-5 antibody may also be helpful in studies dealing with congenital dysfibrinogenemias, particularly in identifying heterozygous propositi with amino acid substitutions at any position within the A alpha 7-16 region. Finally, due to its cross-reactivity with dFPA, assays using this antibody should also be valuable in the canine experimental thrombosis model studies.
Rankine Cycle Modification for Improved Unit Efficiency (2012)

This paper examines a modification to the typical Regenerative Rankine cycle used in all conventional fossil-fired and nuclear power plants. Modification of the Rankine cycle involves increasing the final feedwater temperature through use of a Reboiler and an Exergetic Heater. It eliminates cycle efficiency from dependency on turbine steam path pressure. The Reboiler boils a portion of high pressure feedwater using, when applied to a fossil-fired system, the mid-point Intermediate Pressure turbine extraction. For the nuclear system, the Reboiler would be bio-fueled fired, having a zero or negative CO2 footprint. The resultant high pressure fluid is fed to a top condensing feedwater heater, thereby increasing the cycle’s final temperature. This work addresses changes in generation, increases in unit efficiency, and, for the fossil-fired, decreases in fuel flow and decreases in CO2 emissions.Copyright © 2012 by ASME
Metal-loaded plastic scintillators for nuclear non-proliferation (2015)

Nuclear non-proliferation applications and monitoring of special nuclear materials (SNMs) prefer low-cost detector solutions that provide efficient gamma-ray and neutron detection in combination with neutron/gamma pulse shape discrimination (PSD). Among the inorganic and organic detector choices, recently developed plastic scintillators can be fabricated in large sizes at low cost and show good neutron detection efficiency in combination with excellent neutron/gamma PSD. Unfortunately, these plastic scintillator have low density and effective Z limiting gamma-ray detection to gross counting. In this paper we report on the characterization of metal-loaded plastic scintillators that provide gamma-ray spectroscopy as well as fast neutron detection, whereby discrimination between gamma-rays and neutrons is accomplished using pulse shape analysis. In particular, we report on the investigations of tin-, bismuth-, and lead-loaded plastic scintillators for nuclear non-proliferation.
Thin-Film Architectures with High Spectral Selectivity for Thermophotovoltaic Cells (2018)

Thermophotovoltaic (TPV) systems are a promising technology for distributed conversion of high-temperature heat to electricity. To achieve high conversion efficiency, the transport of sub-bandgap radiation between the thermal emitter and PV cell should be suppressed. This can be achieved by recycling sub-bandgap radiation back to the emitter using a spectrally selective cell. However, conventional TPV cells exhibit limited sub-bandgap reflectance. Here we demonstrate thin-film In0.53Ga0.47As-based structures with high spectral selectivity, including record-high average sub-bandgap reflectance (96%). Selectivity is enabled by short optical paths through a high-quality material fabricated using epitaxial lift-off, high-reflectance back surfaces, and optimized interference. In addition, we use a parallel-plate TPV model to evaluate the impact of specific structural features on performance and to optimize the cell architecture. We show that a dielectric spacer between InGaAs and the Au back surface is an important feature that enables a predicted TPV efficiency above 50% (with a power output of 2.1 W/cm2), significantly higher than current TPV devices. This work provides guidelines for the design of high-efficiency, low-cost TPV generators.
Quantum deep learning (2016)

In recent years, deep learning has had a profound impact on machine learning and artificial intelligence. At the same time, algorithms for quantum computers have been shown to efficiently solve some problems that are intractable on conventional, classical computers. We show that quantum computing not only reduces the time required to train a deep restricted Boltzmann machine, but also provides a richer and more comprehensive framework for deep learning than classical computing and leads to significant improvements in the optimization of the underlying objective function. Our quantum methods also permit efficient training of multilayer and fully connected models.
Multi-Geometry Spatial Acoustic Modeling for Distant Speech Recognition (2019)

The use of spatial information with multiple microphones can improve far-field automatic speech recognition (ASR) accuracy. However, conventional microphone array techniques degrade speech enhancement performance when there is an array geometry mismatch between design and test conditions. Moreover, such speech enhancement techniques do not always yield ASR accuracy improvement due to the difference between speech enhancement and ASR optimization objectives. In this work, we propose to unify an acoustic model framework by optimizing spatial filtering and long short-term memory (LSTM) layers from multi-channel (MC) input. Our acoustic model subsumes beamformers with multiple types of array geometry. In contrast to deep clustering methods that treat a neural network as a black box tool, the network encoding the spatial filters can process streaming audio data in real time without the accumulation of target signal statistics. We demonstrate the effectiveness of such MC neural networks through ASR experiments on the real-world far-field data. We show that our two-channel acoustic model can on average reduce word error rates (WERs) by~13.4 and~12.7% compared to a single channel ASR system with the log-mel filter bank energy (LFBE) feature under the matched and mismatched microphone placement conditions, respectively. Our result also shows that our two-channel network achieves a relative WER reduction of over~7.0% compared to conventional beamforming with seven microphones overall.
Matching fairness and performance by preventive traffic control in optical multiple access networks (2003)

We present and evaluate a novel protocol of traffic control that aims at solving the fairness issue typical of shared medium networks such as metropolitan rings. The proposed solution called TCARD (Traffic Control Architecture using Remote Descriptors) is based on a preventive mechanism to grant access to the resource -- i.e. free bandwidth is preserved by a node according to the traffic requirements from the other network nodes. A review of the existing methods used to manage fairness in ring networks is done and points out their inherent problems (performance issues, resource wastage or inadequacy). In contrast, we show how the new protocol addresses the above limitations, notably through a performance evaluation study. The major conclusion is the ability to avoid the degradation in performances and the resource sub-utilization while achieving fairness within the network.
A derating method for therapeutic applications of high intensity focused ultrasound (2010)

Current methods of determining high intensity focused ultrasound (HIFU) fields in tissue rely on extrapolation of measurements in water assuming linear wave propagation both in water and in tissue. Neglecting nonlinear propagation effects in the derating process can result in significant errors. In this work, a new method based on scaling the source amplitude is introduced to estimate focal parameters of nonlinear HIFU fields in tissue. Focal values of acoustic field parameters in absorptive tissue are obtained from a numerical solution to a KZK-type equation and are compared to those simulated for propagation in water. Focal waveforms, peak pressures, and intensities are calculated over a wide range of source outputs and linear focusing gains. Our modeling indicates, that for the high gain sources which are typically used in therapeutic medical applications, the focal field parameters derated with our method agree well with numerical simulation in tissue. The feasibility of the derating method is demonstrated experimentally in excised bovine liver tissue.