gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Conditional selectivity for statistics on query expressions (2004)

Cardinality estimation during query optimization relies on simplifying assumptions that usually do not hold in practice. To diminish the impact of inaccurate estimates during optimization, statistics on query expressions (SITs) have been previously proposed. These statistics help directly model the distribution of tuples on query sub-plans. Past work in statistics on query expressions has exploited view matching technology to harness their benefits. In this paper we argue against such an approach as it overlooks significant opportunities for improvement in cardinality estimations. We then introduce a framework to reason with SITs based on the notion of conditional selectivity. We present a dynamic programming algorithm to efficiently find the most accurate selectivity estimation for given queries, and discuss how such an approach can be incorporated into existing optimizers with a small number of changes. Finally, we demonstrate experimentally that our technique results in superior cardinality estimations than previous approaches with very little overhead.
A strong thrombin-inhibitory prourokinase derivative with sequence elements from hirudin and the human thrombin receptor (1997)

In order to design plasminogen activators with improved thrombolytic properties, bifunctional proteins with both plasminogen-activating and anticoagulative activity were constructed by fusing a thrombin-inhibitory moiety itself comprises four elements: linker 1, a motif directed to thrombin's active site, linker 2 and a fragment of hirudin which binds to the fibrinogen-recognition site of thrombin. In order to improve further the anticoagulative activity, the thrombin-inhibitory domain was modified by substituting linker 2. Introduction of a linker (FLLRNP) from the human thrombin receptor conferred about a 10-fold increase in anticoagulative activity in protein M37 compared with the parent molecule M23 carrying an aliphatic linker. The increase in anticoagulative activity was also reflected in the shift of the Ki value from 159 +/- 20 nM for M23 to 2.0 +/- 0.5 nM for M37. The increased thrombin-inhibitory activity of M37 may be due to the presence of an arginine in the linker from the thrombin receptor which may interact with one of two glutamic acid residues located at the exit of the thrombin substrate binding pocket. This explanation is supported by the observation that another chimera (M35) carrying a linker sequence with two acidic residues has relatively weak thrombin-inhibitory activity. The thrombin-inhibitory activity of M37 may be strong enough to substitute anticoagulative co-medication during fibrinolytic treatment.
Ultra low profile wideband antenna with ferrite loading (2010)

As is well known, traditional HF/VUF/UHF antennas are often protruding and have large size blades, which are greater than 1 meter tall. Such obtrusive antennas are undesirable for modern aircraft. Therefore, there is a strong need for low profile antennas that can still operate efficiently at HF/VUF/UHF bands. This paper presents ultra low profile wideband antenna operating from 30MHz to 400MHz. The aperture diameter and height are 24" and 2", respectively, which are λ/16 and λ/200 in electrical size at 30MHz. Without question, such an extremely small height presents us with wide significant design challenges particularly, as the antenna must deliver V.P. radiation along the horizon. The main goal of this design is to have -15dB realized gain along horizon at the lowest frequency, which is close to the theoretical limit, and a nominal gain of 0dB at higher frequencies. A key aspect of our design is the use of ferrite loading. It is shown that strategically placed ferrite loading increases realized gain up to the theoretical limit.
Decentralized Controls and Communications for Autonomous Distribution Networks in Smart Grid (2012)

The traditional power grid system was constructed in a centralized and radial topology where power is generated and delivered from one end to the other. Conventional methods for unidirectional power flow analysis will no longer be effective to control renewable energy sources implemented at the consumption sector efficiently; new strategies are called for to facilitate the bidirectional flow incurred by power production of the distributed energy resource units. The transformation will require intelligent distribution automation by means of decentralized power management as well as information and communications technologies to actualize smart grid modernization. In this paper, we design autonomous distribution networks that take scalability into account by dividing the legacy distribution network into a set of subnetworks. We tackle the power flow and power balance issues individually in parallel to optimize the global distribution operation by our proposed power-control method. Meanwhile, we propose an overlay multi-tier communications infrastructure for the underlying power network to analyze the traffic of data information and control message required for associated power flow operation. Based on the proposed schemes, we show that we can potentially improve the utilization of renewable energy production and achieve data traffic reduction under decentralized operations as compared to legacy centralized management.
Three-Dimensional Tumor Localization in Thick Tissue Using Measurements in a Plane (1996)

Diffuse photon density waves are used to provide three-dimensional tumor localization in thick tissue using a single set of measurements in a plane. Lateral localization occurs in the detection plane, while a Fourier optics approach is used to backpropagate the wave throughout the tissue volume for depth localization. Computer simulation results are presented which validate the technique.
Highly efficient long-life blue fluorescent organic light-emitting diode exhibiting triplet–triplet annihilation effects enhanced by a novel hole-transporting material (2014)

A novel hole-transporting material with high singlet and triplet excitation energy levels was developed. Quantum efficiency of a fluorescent organic light-emitting diode (OLED) using this material as a hole-transporting layer can be increased because of facilitated triplet–triplet annihilation (TTA) due to exciton confinement in an emission layer. Furthermore, this material has a deep highest occupied molecular orbital level because of the absence of triarylamine structure. This feature also contributes to the increase in the quantum efficiency, owing to inhibition of a low-energy exciplex formed between the material and a host in the emission layer. Achieved consequently was a blue fluorescent OLED exhibiting a high external quantum efficiency of 11.9% and a long half-decay time of 8,000 h at 1,000 cd/m2. By the device analysis including time-resolved electroluminescence measurements, it was confirmed that TTA contributes to the high efficiency.
A low cost compact optoelectronics neural networks for face recognition (2002)

Summary form only given. In this paper, we describe a nonlinear filter based optoelectronics neural networks associated with a supervised perceptron learning algorithm for real-time face recognition. The system is a two-layer neural networks. The first layer is implemented using a nonlinear joint transform correlator (JTC)34 and the second layer is implemented electronically because of the small number of the hidden layer neurons. The system is trained with a sequence of input facial images and is able to classify an input face in real-time.
Dye-Sensitized Solar Cells Incorporating a “Liquid” Hole-Transporting Material (2006)

We present the first application of an amorphous "liquid" organic semiconductor in an optoelectronic device, demonstrating that it is highly suited for use as a hole-transporting material in nanostructured dye-sensitized solar cells. For such devices, we obtain power conversion efficiencies of up to 2.4% under simulated air mass 1.5 solar spectrum at 100 mWcm(-2), and incident photon-to-electron quantum efficiencies in excess of 50%.
Characterization of the New Zeolite ECR-1 (1989)

Results from diverse experimental methods were combined to arrive at structure proposals for ECR-1, a typical example of a microcrystalline zeolite. The zeolite features a 12-ring single channel, formed by a regular alternation of connected sheets of mordenite and mazzite. Crucial clues to the structure came from the HREM observation of a mazziteepitaxial overgrowth on an ECR-1 crystal. Electron and x-ray diffraction, infra-red spectroscopy and synthesis phase relationships were essential additional data sources.
Tolerance in the Replacement of the Benzhydrylic O Atom in 4-[2-(Diphenylmethoxy)ethyl]-1-benzylpiperidine Derivatives by an N Atom:  Development of New-Generation Potent and Selective N-Analogue Molecules for the Dopamine Transporter (1998)

The replacement of the benzhydrylic oxygen atom of our previously developed dopamine transporter (DAT)-specific ligands 4-[2-(diphenylmethoxy)ethyl]-1-[(4-fluorophenyl)methyl]piperidine, 1a, and 4-[2-(bis(4-fluorophenyl)methoxy)ethyl]-1-benzylpiperidine, 1b, by a nitrogen atom resulted in the development of the N-analogues 4-[2-((diphenylmethyl)amino)ethyl]-1-[(4-fluorophenyl)methyl]pi peridi ne, 4a, and 4-[2-((bis(4-fluorophenyl)methyl)amino)ethyl]-1-benzylpiperidine, 4b. Biological evaluation of these compounds in rat striatal tissue and in HEK-293 cells expressing the cloned human transporters demonstrated high potency and selectivity of these compounds for the DAT. Thus the potency of the compound 4a for the DAT was 9.4 and 30 nM in rat striatal tissue and in the cloned transporter cells, and its binding selectivity for the DAT compared to the serotonin transporter (SERT) for these two systems was 62 and 195, respectively. The compound 4b similarly exhibited high potency and selectivity for the DAT. Thus, the replacement of the O atom in 1a,b by an N atom in 4a,b only had small effects on potency and selectivity. In comparison with GBR 12909 [1-[2-(bis(4-fluorophenyl)methoxy)ethyl]-4-(3-phenylpropyl)piperazine ] and WIN 35,428 [3beta-(p-fluorophenyl)-2beta-carbomethoxytropane] binding, these two novel N-analogues were slightly more potent and far more selective for the DAT. Thus, these novel N-analogues represent more polar new-generation piperidine congeners of GBR 12909. They might have useful potential application in developing a pharmacotherapy for cocaine dependence.
Dimensions based data clustering and zone maps (2017)

In recent years, the data warehouse industry has witnessed decreased use of indexing but increased use of compression and clustering of data facilitating efficient data access and data pruning in the query processing area. A classic example of data pruning is the partition pruning, which is used when table data is range or list partitioned. But lately, techniques have been developed to prune data at a lower granularity than a table partition or sub-partition. A good example is the use of data pruning structure called zone map. A zone map prunes zones of data from a table on which it is defined. Data pruning via zone map is very effective when the table data is clustered by the filtering columns. The database industry has offered support to cluster data in tables by its local columns, and to define zone maps on clustering columns of such tables. This has helped improve the performance of queries that contain filter predicates on local columns. However, queries in data warehouses are typically based on star/snowflake schema with filter predicates usually on columns of the dimension tables joined to a fact table. Given this, the performance of data warehouse queries can be significantly improved if the fact table data is clustered by columns of dimension tables together with zone maps that maintain min/max value ranges of these clustering columns over zones of fact table data. In recognition of this opportunity of significantly improving the performance of data warehouse queries, Oracle 12c release 1 has introduced the support for dimension based clustering of fact tables together with data pruning of the fact tables via dimension based zone maps.
In-Line Acousto-Optic Architectures for Holographic Interferometry and Sensing (1996)

Novel two Bragg cell and one Bragg cell acousto-optic (AO) interferometers are introduced in this paper. These interferometers can be used as a variety of optical instruments such as holographic interferometers, interferometric sensors, material characterization tools, and diagnostic measurement systems such as turbulence and flow/temperature assessment. To this date, to the best of the author’s knowledge, no such optical systems have been proposed for interferometric sensing and measurement tools that offer high optical power (e.g., 1 W CW), high speed scanning (e.g., < 50 μs per scan spot) interferometer systems with both heterodyning and almost baseband options for accurate diagnostic measurements. The bulk optics nature of our optical system design allows for high optical power interferometric applications.
Coupled experiment/simulation approach for the design of radiation-hardened rare-earth doped optical fibers and amplifiers (2011)

We developed an approach to design radiation-hardened rare earth -doped fibers and amplifiers. This methodology combines testing experiments on these devices with particle swarm optimization (PSO) calculations. The composition of Er/Yb-doped phosphosilicate fibers was improved by introducing Cerium inside their cores. Such composition strongly reduces the amplifier radiation sensitivity, limiting its degradation: we observed a gain decreasing from 19 dB to 18 dB after 50 krad whereas previous studies reported higher degradations up to 0°dB at such doses. PSO calculations, taking only into account the radiation effects on the absorption efficiency around the pump and emission wavelengths, correctly reproduce the general trends of experimental results. This calculation tool has been used to study the influence of the amplifier design on its radiation response. The fiber length used to ensure the optimal amplification before irradiation may be rather defined and adjusted to optimize the amplifier performance over the whole space mission profile rather than before integration in the harsh environments. Both forward and backward pumping schemes lead to the same kind of degradation with our active fibers. By using this promising coupled approach, radiation-hardened amplifiers nearly insensitive to radiations may be designed in the future.
Distributed acoustic conversation shielding (2007)

In this paper, we introduce distributed acoustic conversation shielding, a novel application of a transducer (sensors and speakers) network. This application protects the privacy of spontaneous conversations in a workplace by masking the participants' voices with sound from distributed loudspeakers that adapt to the dynamic location of the conversation vs. that of potential eavesdroppers. We demonstrate how the speakers collaborate with various sensors to produce masking sounds that satisfy the requirements of this application. An index of intelligibility, SNR (Signal-to-Noise Ratio) was used to evaluate the performance of our system. We suggest how the measured SNR can be used to adaptively servo the volume of the masking sounds.
Ethylene induced plant stress tolerance by Enterobacter sp. SA187 is mediated by 2‐keto‐4‐methylthiobutyric acid production (2018)

Several plant species require microbial associations for survival under different biotic and abiotic stresses. In this study, we show that Enterobacter sp. SA187, a desert plant endophytic bacterium, enhances yield of the crop plant alfalfa under field conditions as well as growth of the model plant Arabidopsis thaliana in vitro, revealing a high potential of SA187 as a biological solution for improving crop production. Studying the SA187 interaction with Arabidopsis, we uncovered a number of mechanisms related to the beneficial association of SA187 with plants. SA187 colonizes both the surface and inner tissues of Arabidopsis roots and shoots. SA187 induces salt stress tolerance by production of bacterial 2-keto-4methylthiobutyric acid (KMBA), known to be converted into ethylene. By transcriptomic, genetic and pharmacological analyses, we show that the ethylene signaling pathway, but not plant ethylene production, is required for KMBA-induced plant salt stress tolerance. These results reveal a novel molecular communication process during the beneficial microbe-induced plant stress tolerance.
Evaluation of PEG-coated iron oxide nanoparticles as blood pool tracers for preclinical magnetic particle imaging (2016)

Superparamagnetic iron oxide (SPIO) nanoparticles with optimized and well-characterized properties are critical for Magnetic Particle Imaging (MPI). MPI is a novel in vivo imaging modality that promises to integrate the speed of X-ray CT, safety of MRI and sensitivity of PET. Since SPIOs are the source of MPI signal, both the core and surface properties must be optimized to enable efficient in vivo imaging with pharmacokinetics tailored for specific imaging applications. Existing SPIOs like Resovist (ferucarbotran) provide a suboptimal MPI signal, and further limit MPI's in vivo utility due to rapid systemic clearance. An SPIO agent with a long blood half-life (t<sub>1/2</sub>) would be a versatile MPI tracer with widespread applications. Here we show that a long circulating polyethylene glycol (PEG)-coated SPIO tracer, LS-008, provides excellent colloidal stability and a persistent intravascular MPI signal, showing its potential as the first blood pool tracer optimized for MPI. We evaluated variations of PEG coating and found that colloidal stability of tracers improved with the increasing PEG molecular weight (keeping PEG loading constant). Blood circulation in mice, evaluated using Magnetic Particle Spectrometry (MPS), showed that the t<sub>1/2</sub> of SPIO tracers varied with both PEG molecular weight and loading. LS-008, coated with 20 kDa PEG at 18.8% loading capacity, provided the most promising long-term colloidal stability with a t<sub>1/2</sub> of about 105 minutes in mice. In vivo MPI imaging with LS-008 using a 7 T/m/μ<sub>0</sub> 3D x-space MPI mouse scanner revealed a prolonged intravascular signal (3-5 hours) post-injection. Our results show the optimized magnetic properties and long systemic retention of LS-008 making it a promising blood pool MPI tracer, with potential to enable MPI imaging in cardio- and cerebrovascular disease models, and solid tumor quantification and imaging via enhanced permeation and retention.
An Alkaline Prefilming Process for the Primary Piping in a New Japanese Boiling Water Reactor (1990)

A prefilming method called the alkaline process was successfully applied to a new Japanese boiling water reactor plant during the nuclear heatup phase during the plant preoperation phase. This method was developed to suppress deposition of radioactive corrosion products such as 60Co on ex-core components, which are primarily made of stainless steel. When stainless steel is exposed to actual reactor water that contains oxygen at pH of 8.0 to 8.5, at 288°C, for 410 h, corrosion-resistant oxide films can be formed. The results of the exposure tests indicate that an ∼30% reduction in the deposition of 60Co and 58Co was obtained by this process compared to ordinary operation procedures.
Simple geometric criterion to predict the existence of surface modes in air-core photonic-bandgap fibers (2004)

We propose a simple geometric criterion based on the size of the core relative to the photonic crystal to quickly determine whether an air-core photonic-bandgap fiber with a given geometry supports surface modes. Comparison to computer simulations show that when applied to fibers with a triangular-pattern cladding and a circular air core, this criterion accurately predicts the existence of a finite number of discrete ranges of core radii that support no surface modes. This valuable tool obviates the need for time-consuming and costly simulations, and it can be easily applied to fibers with an arbitrary photonic-crystal structure and core profile.
The apoptotic effect of ramalin on human breast cancer cells (657.11) (2014)

Ramalin is the compound isolated from Antarctic lichen, Ramalina terebrata . Previous study showed that ramalin has antioxidant and anti‐inflammatory activity. However, the effect of ramalin on MCF‐7 human cancer cells has not been addressed. We investigated the effect of ramalin on cell proliferation, apoptosis, and its mechanism in MCF‐7 cells. MTT assay and western blotting showed that ramalin decreased concentration‐dependently cell proliferation, induced apoptosis related proteins (Bax, Bid, AIF), and activated caspase‐3 and 8, respectively. In addition, Annexin V/PI analysis revealed that apoptotic cells were remarkably increased in ramalin‐treated MCF‐7. Our data also showed that ramalin increased phosphorylation of ERK1/2, p38 and JNK in a concentration‐ and time‐dependent manner. Taken together, ramalin induces apoptosis through Mitogen‐activated protein kinases (MAPKs) and caspase dependent signaling pathways in MCF‐7 cells and may be a potential anticancer agent for the treatment of human breast cancer.
Vibrafuge: Re-Entry and Launch Test Simulation in a Combined Linear Acceleration and Vibration Environment (2006)

Sandia National Laboratories has developed a new technique for testing in a combined linear acceleration and vibration environment. Amplified piezo-electric actuator assemblies are used in combination with Sandia’s 29-ft centrifuge facility to surpass the load capabilities of previous attempts using traditional mechanical shaker systems. The piezoelectric actuators are lightweight, modular and overcome several limitations presented by a mechanical shaker. They are ‘scalable’, that is, adding more piezo-electric units in parallel or in series can support larger-weight test articles or wider range of displacement/frequency regimes. In addition, the units could be mounted on the centrifuge arm in various configurations to provide a variety of input directions. The design along with test results will be presented to demonstrate the capabilities of the new piezo-electric Vibrafuge.
Design of an Autonomic Element for Server Management (2005)

Telecommunication systems have long enjoyed high levels of availability owing to the existence of a control plane. Software only solutions for server management have been available for many years, where observations are made on the server and processed on a central management station. Delegation of management decision making has not been fully realized. This paper describes the design of a true autonomic element where a card is inserted into a PCI slot and controls the server through communication using PCI, IPMI and network interfaces. A description of a number of management scenarios, the architecture of the autonomic engine and how the lifecycle of delegated decision making is managed is provided.
Grating gated FETs as narrowband tunable terahertz detectors (2005)

Grating gated field effect transistors (FETs) are potentially important as electronically tunable terahertz detectors with spectral bandwidths of the order of 50 GHz. Their utility depends on being able to 1) use the intrinsic high speed in a heterodyne mixer or 2) sacrifice speed for sufficient sensitivity to be an effective incoherent detector. In its present form the grating gated FET will support IF frequencies up to ~10 GHz, an acceptable bandwidth for most heterodyne applications. By separating the resonant plasmon absorption from the responsivity mechanism, it appears that a tuned, narrow terahertz spectral band bolometer can be fabricated with NEP ~ 10<sup>-11</sup> watts/√Hz and response times of the order of 30 msecs, useful in a passive multispectral terahertz imaging system.