gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Development of Nonsymmetrical 1,4-Disubstituted Anthraquinones That Are Potently Active against Cisplatin-Resistant Ovarian Cancer Cells (2005)

A novel series of 1,4-disubstituted aminoanthraquinones were prepared by ipso-displacement of 1,4-difluoro-5,8-dihydroxyanthraquinones by hydroxylated piperidinyl- or pyrrolidinylalkylamino side chains. One aminoanthraquinone (13) was further derivatized to a chloropropylamino analogue by treatment with triphenylphosphine-carbon tetrachloride. The compounds were evaluated in the A2780 ovarian cancer cell line and its cisplatin-resistant variants (A2780/cp70 and A2780/MCP1). The novel anthraquinones were shown to possess up to 5-fold increased potency against the cisplatin-resistant cells compared to the wild-type cells. Growth curve analysis of the hydroxyethylaminoanthraquinone 8 in the osteosarcoma cell line U-2 OS showed that the cell cycle is not frozen, rather there is a late cell cycle arrest consistent with the action of a DNA-damaging topoisomerase II inhibitor. Accumulative apoptotic events, using time lapse photography, indicate that 8 is capable of fully engaging cell cycle arrest pathways in G2 in the absence of early apoptotic commitment. 8 and its chloropropyl analogue 13 retained significant activity against human A2780/cp70 xenografted tumors in mice.
Shaped Nonocrystal Particles And Methods For Making The Same (2005)

Shaped nanocrystal particles and methods for making shaped nanocrystal particles are disclosed. One embodiment includes a method for forming a branched, nanocrystal particle. It includes (a) forming a core having a first crystal structure in a solution, (b) forming a first arm extending from the core having a second crystal structure in the solution, and (c) forming a second arm extending from the core having the second crystal structure in the solution.
Medium consistency ozone bleaching. (1994)

In Order to improve delignification and reduce viscosity drop on medium consistency ozone bleaching, bleaching conditions and bleaching methods were investigated.
InP/InGaAsP/InGaAs avalanche photodiodes with separate absorption, grading and multiplication regions grown by metalorganic chemical vapour deposition (1986)

InGaAs/InGaAsP/InP avalanche photodiodes with separate absorption, ‘grading’ and multiplication regions (SAGMAPDs) have been fabricated for the first tune from wafers grown by metalorganic chemical vapour deposition (MOCVD) These APDs exhibit low dark current (≃ 32 nA at 90% breakdown) and high-speed pulse response (≃ 100 ps FWHM).
State-dependent Inhibition of Cystic Fibrosis Transmembrane Conductance Regulator Chloride Channels by a Novel Peptide Toxin (2007)

Peptide toxins from animal venom have been used for many years for the identification and study of cation-permeable ion channels. However, no peptide toxins have been identified that interact with known anion-selective channels, including cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR), the protein defective in cystic fibrosis and a member of the ABC transporter superfamily. Here, we describe the identification and initial characterization of a novel 3.7-kDa peptide toxin, GaTx1, which is a potent and reversible inhibitor of CFTR, acting from the cytoplasmic side of the membrane. Thus, GaTx1 is the first peptide toxin identified that inhibits a chloride channel of known molecular identity. GaTx1 exhibited high specificity, showing no effect on a panel of nine transport proteins, including Cl(-) and K(+) channels, and ABC transporters. GaTx1-mediated inhibition of CFTR channel activity is strongly state-dependent; both potency and efficacy are reduced under conditions of elevated [ATP], suggesting that GaTx1 may function as a non-competitive inhibitor of ATP-dependent channel gating. This tool will allow the application of new quantitative approaches to study CFTR structure and function, particularly with respect to the conformational changes that underlie transitions between open and closed states.
Facile Synthesis of Oligodeoxyribonucleotides via the Phosphoramidite Method without Nucleoside Base Protection (1998)

A facile synthesis of oligodeoxyribonucleotides via the phosphoramidite approach without base protection of the building blocks has been developed; it relies on the use of imidazolium triflate as a promoter for the condensation of a nucleoside phosphoramidite and a nucleoside. In the solution phase, the condensation is accomplished in a highly O-selective manner by using equimolar amounts of an N-free nucleoside phosphoramidite and an N-unblocked nucleoside to give, after oxidation with bis(trimethylsilyl)peroxide or with tert-butyl hydroperoxide, a dinucleoside phosphate in >95% yield. In the solid-phase synthesis, which requires an excess amount of the phosphoramidite for the condensation, deoxyadenosine and deoxycytidine undergo N-phosphitylation to some extent. The undesired product, however, can be converted to the N-free derivative by brief treatment with benzimidazolium triflate in methanol. Thus the overall process allows the chemoselective formation of internucleotide linkage. The oligomers prepared by this N-unprotected solid-phase approach include 5‘GTCACGACGTTGTAAAACGAC3‘ (21mer), 5‘CAGGAAACAG-CTATGACCATG3‘ (21mer), 5‘CAAGTTGATGAACAATACTTCATACCTAAACT3‘ (32mer), and 5‘TATGGGCCTTTTGATAGGATGCTCACCGAGCAAAACCAAGAACAA-CCAGGAGATTTTATT3‘ (60mer), which are provided in excellent quality. PCR amplification of DNAs using the crude 21mers as primers is also demonstrated.
Identifying Methylation Patterns in Dental Pulp Aging: Application to Age-at-Death Estimation in Forensic Anthropology (2021)

Age-at-death estimation constitutes one of the key parameters for identification of human remains in forensic investigations. However, for applications in forensic anthropology, many current methods are not sufficiently accurate for adult individuals, leading to chronological age estimates erring by ±10 years. Based on recent trends in aging studies, DNA methylation has great potential as a solution to this problem. However, there are only a few studies that have been published utilizing DNA methylation to determine age from human remains. The aim of the present study was to expand the range of this work by analyzing DNA methylation in dental pulp from adult individuals. Healthy erupted third molars were extracted from individuals aged 22-70. DNA from pulp was isolated and bisulfite converted. Pyrosequencing was the chosen technique to assess DNA methylation. As noted in previous studies, we found that ELOVL2 and FHL2 CpGs played a role in age estimation. In addition, three new markers were evaluated-NPTX2, KLF14, and SCGN. A set of CpGs from these five loci was used in four different multivariate regression models, providing a Mean Absolute Error (MAE) between predicted and chronological age of 1.5-2.13 years. The findings from this research can improve age estimation, increasing the accuracy of identification in forensic anthropology.
Etude d'un nouveau procédé de déclenchement de la fermentation malolactique (1988)

<p style="text-align: justify;">A method is described, by wich the malolactic fermentation is induced through direct inoculation with an industrial preparation of <em>L. plantarum</em> (CHL2). When inoculated into must, this homofermentative lactobacillus metabolizes very little sugar, and is unable to produce acetic acid. The inoculated population of bacteria has a high malolactic activity even at low pH values, which is closely related to cell viability. The decarboxylation of malic acid starts immediately after inoculation and proceeds at a high rate during the first days of alcoholic fermentation. As the alcohol concentration rises, the lactobacilli are gradually eliminated, so inoculation with the malolactic culture has to be done very early in the vinification process, in order to achieve a complete malolactic fermentation. At the end of alcoholic fermentation, the malolactic fermentation is finished, and the bacterial inoculum has been completely killed of.</p><p style="text-align: justify;">The efficiency of this new process is demonstrated in laboratory experiments and field trials with different types of must and different vinification procedures. The advantages of the method, which the winemakers would particularly appreciate, include the direct inoculation mode and considerable gain in terms of production time.</p>
Transducer array layout optimization for treating lung-based tumors with TTFields. (2015)

e18503 Background: Tumor Treating Fields (TTFields) are low intensity, alternating electric fields in the intermediate frequency range, that disrupt mitosis. TTFields are FDA approved for the treatment of recurrent glioblastoma (GBM). The phase III EF-14 clinical trial established the efficacy TTFields in combination with Temozolomide for treating newly diagnosed patients with GBM. . TTFields were also effective in the treatment of non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) and mesothelioma in multiple preclinical models, and safe when combined with pemetrexed in a pilot clinical trial of NSCLC patients. TTFields are delivered through two pairs of transducer arrays placed on the patient's skin. Treatment efficacy is positively correlated with the intensity of the electric field, making the optimization of the array placement an important factor in treatment planning. Personalizing the array layout to maximize the field intensity within brain tumors is widely practiced using a designated software. Here we present Finite Element Method (FEM) simulations demonstrating that array layout personalization has a significant effect on TTFields intensities within the lungs. Methods: The distribution of TTFields within the thorax was calculated for several array layouts. Each array layout was designed to deliver maximal field intensities to a selected region within the lungs. Simulations were performed using the Sim4Life software package (ZMT, Zurich, Switzerland) and the realistic computational phantom, DUKE (ZMT, Zurich, Switzerland) Results: Our work shows that the TTFields can be delivered at therapeutic intensities exceeding1.5 V/cm to almost the entire volume of the lungs. The simulations also show that optimization of the array layout allows the delivery of maximal field intensities exceeding 4 V/cm within targeted regions. Conclusions: This study suggests that personalizing array layouts can optimize TTFields distribution not only in the head, but also within the thorax. Therefore, array layout planning should be an integral part of TTFields treatment for patients with tumors in the lungs.
Synthesis and Oral Antitumor Activity of Tetrakis(carboxylato)platinum(IV) Complexes (2000)

A novel class of tetrakis(carboxylato)platinum(IV) complexes, [Pt(O(2)CR)(4)(dach)] (dach = trans-(+/-)-1,2-diaminocyclohexane; R = C(n)H(2n+1), n = 1 approximately 5), was synthesized and studied for physicochemical properties and oral antitumor activity. Lipophilicity and aqueous solubility of the title complexes were greatly dependent on the alkyl chain length of the carboxylate ligand, and their partition coefficient and solubility changed by 4 or 5 orders of magnitude from acetate to hexanoate complexes. On the other hand, the range of their cathodic reduction potential (-546 approximately -403 mV) depending on the chain length of the carboxylate ligand was relatively small. Among the title complexes, the tetrakis(propionato)platinum(IV) complex, [Pt(O(2)CC(2)H(5))(4)(dach)], with appropriate lipophilicity (log P = 0.18) and aqueous solubility (14.6 mg/mL) was found to exhibit better oral antitumor activity than JM216 against the human ovarian tumor xenograft SKOV3 in nude mice.
Evolution and function of tandem repeats in the major surface protein 1a of the ehrlichial pathogen<i>Anaplasma marginale</i> (2001)

The major surface protein (MSP) 1a of the ehrlichial cattle pathogen Anaplasma marginale, encoded by the single-copy gene msp1alpha, has been shown to have a neutralization-sensitive epitope and to be an adhesin for bovine erythrocytes and tick cells. msp1alpha has been found to be a stable genetic marker for the identification of geographic isolates of A. marginale throughout development in acutely and persistently infected cattle and in ticks. The molecular weight of MSP1a varies among geographic isolates of A. marginale because of a varying number of tandemly repeated peptides of 28-29 amino acids. Variation in the sequence of the tandem repeats occurs within and among isolates, and may have resulted from evolutionary pressures exerted by ligand-receptor and host-parasite interactions. These repeated sequences include markers for tick transmissibility that may be important in the identification of ehrlichial pathogens because they may influence control strategies and the design of subunit vaccines.
Fault Locator Using Two-End Unsynchronized Measurements for UHV Series Compensated Parallel Lines (2008)

An accurate fault location algorithm for double-circuit series compensated lines is presented. Use of two-end unsynchronized measurements of current and voltage signals is considered. The algorithm applies two subroutines, designated for locating faults on particular line sections, and additionally the procedure for selecting the valid subroutine. The subroutines are formulated with use of the generalized fault loop model and the distributed parameter line model is applied. Performed ATP-EMTP based evaluation has shown the validity of the derived fault location algorithm and its high accuracy.
An information-theoretic approach to automatic evaluation of summaries (2006)

Until recently there are no common, convenient, and repeatable evaluation methods that could be easily applied to support fast turn-around development of automatic text summarization systems. In this paper, we introduce an information-theoretic approach to automatic evaluation of summaries based on the Jensen-Shannon divergence of distributions between an automatic summary and a set of reference summaries. Several variants of the approach are also considered and compared. The results indicate that JS divergence-based evaluation method achieves comparable performance with the common automatic evaluation method ROUGE in single documents summarization task; while achieves better performance than ROUGE in multiple document summarization task.
A protein associated with frost hardiness of western white pine is up-regulated by infection in the white pine blister rust pathosystem (1998)

A 19-kDa protein, Pin m III, was recently shown to be associated with overwintering and frost hardiness of western white pine (Pinus monticola Dougl. ex D. Don) seedlings. Here, we report that this protein is up-regulated by the fungus Cronartium ribicola Fisch, the causal agent of white pine blister rust in western white pine trees. Between 1991 and 1994, bark samples of mature western white pine trees (resistant with no stem cankers and susceptible with stem cankers) were collected in winter, spring, and fall. Proteins were extracted and analyzed by Western immunoblot utilizing specific rabbit polyclonal anti-Pin l I (a homologue of Pin m III) antibodies. During all collection dates, but particularly in the spring, susceptible trees had more Pin m III than resistant trees. In July 1995, 43 previously inoculated 7-year-old white pine seedlings were also analyzed. In all susceptible seedlings (cankered) tested, cankered tissue had high levels of Pin m III, and samples collected from the outside edge of th...
Heat Transfer From a Pair of Radial Jet Reattachment Flames (1997)

Technical Briefs Heat Transfer From a Pair of Radial Jet Reattachment Flames J. W. Mohr, J. W. Mohr Drying Research Center, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843-3123 Search for other works by this author on: This Site PubMed Google Scholar J. Seyed-Yagoobi, J. Seyed-Yagoobi Drying Research Center, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843-3123 e-mail: jyagoobi@mengr.tamu Search for other works by this author on: This Site PubMed Google Scholar R. H. Page R. H. Page Drying Research Center, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843-3123 Search for other works by this author on: This Site PubMed Google Scholar Author and Article Information J. W. Mohr Drying Research Center, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843-3123 J. Seyed-Yagoobi Drying Research Center, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843-3123 e-mail: jyagoobi@mengr.tamu R. H. Page Drying Research Center, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843-3123 J. Heat Transfer. Aug 1997, 119(3): 633-635 (3 pages) https://doi.org/10.1115/1.2824153 Published Online: August 1, 1997 Article history Received: August 21, 1996 Revised: March 3, 1997 Online: December 5, 2007
Fuzzy Control to Improve High-Voltage Battery Power and Engine Speed Control in a Hybrid Electric Vehicle (2005)

With the recent emphasis on developing more environmentally friendly and fuel-efficient vehicles, Ford Motor Company developed a full hybrid electric vehicle (HEV) with a power-split hybrid powertrain consisting of an integrated motor and a generator. The power-split hybrid consists of two powertrains; an engine and an electric drive system. This powertrain provides a great potential to improve fuel economy in part due to its ability to operate engine at efficient regions independent of the vehicle speed. The engine speed determination in such a system depends on the desired high voltage (HV) battery power and the driver demand (driver torque/power request). Clearly, in order to control HV battery power to a desired power, a sophisticated controls system is essential which controls engine power to achieve the desired HV battery power. The desired engine power in turn determines the desired engine speed. It is essential that engine speed operation is smooth and stable with an acceptable response. Use of a classical proportional-integral (PI) based control system to control HV battery power is limited due to the nonlinear behavior of the powertrain, and results either in an undesired engine speed stability behavior under certain driving conditions or degraded response time. This paper presents a new nonlinear controls scheme based on a fuzzy controller to resolve the undesired engine speed behavior while achieving desired engine speed response and improved high-voltage battery power controls. Simulations are conducted with this controller and results show that the proposed fuzzy controller improves HV battery power controls and thereby the engine speed behavior and response time (e.g., no overshoots, improved settling time, and uncompromised rise time).
Metallothionein deficiency in the injured peripheral nerves of complex regional pain syndrome as revealed by proteomics (2012)

Complex regional pain syndrome (CRPS) is characterized by persistent and severe pain after trauma or surgery; however, its molecular mechanisms in the peripheral nervous system are poorly understood. Using proteomics, we investigated whether injured peripheral nerves of CRPS patients have altered protein profiles compared with control nerves. We obtained nerve samples from 3 patients with CRPS-2 who underwent resection of part of an injured peripheral nerve. Sural nerves from fresh cadavers with no history of trauma or neuropathic pain served as controls. Proteomic analysis showed that the number and functional distribution of proteins expressed in CRPS and control nerves was similar. Interestingly, metallothionein was absent in the injured nerves of CRPS-2, although it was readily detected in control nerves. Western blotting further confirmed the absence of metallothionein in CRPS-2 nerves, and immunohistochemistry corroborated the deficiency of metallothionein expression in injured nerves from 5 of 5 CRPS patients and 2 of 2 patients with painful neuromas. In contrast, all control nerves, including 5 sural nerves from fresh cadavers and 41 nerves obtained from surgically resected tumors, expressed MT. Furthermore, expression of S100 as a marker for Schwann cells, and neurofilament M as a marker of axons was comparable in both CRPS-2 and controls. Metallothioneins are zinc-binding proteins that are probably involved in protection against injury and subsequent regeneration after CNS damage. Their absence from the injured peripheral nerves of patients with CRPS-2 suggests a potential pathogenic role in generating pain in the damaged peripheral nerves.
Tokamak Heating and Current Maintenance with Intense Pulsed Ion Beams (1980)

This paper examines tokamak heating with intense pulsed ion beams. It finds that plasma can be heated to ignition or to Q approx. 1 and depending on the injection scheme, the current can be maintained or even generated by the beam.
Operation and Performance of a Mass-Selective Cryogenic Linear Ion Trap (2018)

We report on the performance of a cryogenic 2D linear ion trap (cryoLIT) that is shown to be mass-selective in the temperature range of 17-295 K. As the cryoLIT is cooled, the ejection voltages during the mass instability scan decrease, which results in an effective mass shift to lower m/z relative to room temperature. This is attributed to a decrease in trap radius caused by thermal contraction. Additionally, the cryoLIT generates reproducible mass spectra from day-to-day, and is capable of performing stored waveform inverse Fourier transform (SWIFT) mass isolation of fragile N<sub>2</sub>-tagged ions for the purpose of background-free infrared dissociation spectroscopy. Graphical Abstract ᅟ.
Whole-chip ESD protection design with efficient VDD-to-VSS ESD clamp circuits for submicron CMOS VLSI (1999)

A whole-chip ESD protection design with efficient VDD-to-VSS ESD clamp circuits is proposed to provide a real whole-chip ESD protection for submicron CMOS IC's without causing unexpected ESD damage in the internal circuits. The efficient VDD-to-VSS ESD clamp circuit has been designed to provide a low-impedance path between the VDD and VSS power lines of the IC during the ESD-stress condition, but this ESD clamp circuit is kept off when the IC is under its normal operating condition. Due to the parasitic resistance and capacitance along the VDD and VSS power lines, the ESD-protection efficiency is dependent on the pin location on a chip. Therefore, an experimental test chip has been designed and fabricated to build up a special ESD design rule for whole-chip ESD protection in a 0.8-/spl mu/m CMOS technology. This whole-chip ESD protection design has been practically used to rescue a 0.8-/spl mu/m CMOS IC product with a pin-to-pin HBM ESD level from the original level of 0.5 kV to become above 3 kV.
Ultrashort pulse ultraviolet laser treatment of n(100) GaAs: Microstructural modifications and passivation effects (2001)

Gallium arsenide (GaAs) is one of the most important materials among the III–V family, especially in view of its applicability to optoelectronic devices. However, it is known that GaAs, unlike silicon (Si), does not possess a stable native oxide that can passivate and protect the surface. This article reports the use of femtosecond (fs) laser-based modification and passivation of the GaAs surface, where femtosecond laser-based processing was shown to be particularly useful, effective, and more convenient compared to conventional laser treatment. The fs laser treatment involves an almost nonexistent heat affected zone, which implies that there is virtually no thermal damage to the volume of material surrounding a processed region. The surface passivating effects were confirmed by depth-profiling x-ray photoelectron spectroscopic measurements. In addition, scanning electron microscopy and atomic force microscopy measurements lead to a possible explanation of the passivation mechanism. Further, a relatively novel technique called thermally stimulated exoelectron emission was used to verify the existence of surface passivation. This measurement technique detects “cold electron emission” from trapping centers at the surface of material under scrutiny.