gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Movement-based location update and selective paging for PCS networks (1996)

This paper introduces a mobility tracking mechanism that combines a movement-based location update policy with a selective paging scheme. Movement-based location update is selected for its simplicity. It does not require each mobile terminal to store information about the arrangement and the distance relationship of all cells. In fact, each mobile terminal only keeps a counter of the number of cells visited. A location update is performed when this counter exceeds a predefined threshold value. This scheme allows the dynamic selection of the movement threshold on a per-user basis. This is desirable as different users may have very different mobility patterns. Selective paging reduces the cost for locating a mobile terminal in the expense of an increase in the paging delay. We propose a selective paging scheme which significantly decreases the location tracking cost under a small increase in the allowable paging delay. We introduce an analytical model for the proposed location tracking mechanism which captures the mobility and the incoming call arrival patterns of each mobile terminal. Analytical results are provided to demonstrate the cost-effectiveness of the proposed scheme under various parameters.
Synthesis of O-acyl-L-serineand S-acyl-L-cysteine derivatives (2003)

Aim To synthesize O acyl or S acyl amino acids by condensation of dicarboxylic acids and amino acids.Methods L serine and L cysteine were protected by Boc,Bn or Dpm,then condensed with succinic monoester,oxalyl monoester to produce the intermediates O (4 benzyloxysuccinyl) N Boc L serine benzyl ester (4), O (2 benzyloxyoxalyl) N Boc L serine benzyl ester (8), N Boc S (4 tert butoxysuccinyl) L cysteine diphenylmethyl ester (12).Compound 4 was converted into O succinnyl N Boc L serine (5)by hydrogenolysis,then into O succinnyl L serine (6) by acidolysis.Results Their structures were confirmed by the spectral detection.Conclusion Dicarboxylic acids can be esterified with OH or SH groups of amino acids by this innovative method.
Proppant rock impairment during hydraulic fracturing (1986)

Equipment has been constructed to give a realistic laboratory simulation of the in-situ conditions during and after a hydraulic fracturing treatment of tight gas reservoirs. The equipment measures the permeability of both the 'natural' core material and the proppant pack with gas under in-situ conditions before and after exposure to fracturing fluid. The rate of clean-up of the proppant pack and the core sample is measured after the fracturing fluid has broken. Various fracturing fluids commercially available from the major service companies have been evaluated. Little damage to the proppant/rock interface has been measured but massive damage to the proppant pack was observed. The damage is caused by frac fluid residue, filter cake and non-Darcy flow effects. This damage is observed only in the experiments described above and has not been reported in other, less sophisticated laboratory simulations of the fracturing process. The least damaging of the commercially available products tested has been identified. procedures have been developed for placing ''over-designed'' (or increased conductivity) proppant packs during field hydraulic fracturing treatments. This has resulted in large increases in well productivity during field treatment, and is particularly marked during the early (transient) production phase. It is concluded that there is scopemore » for the development of less damaging fracturing fluids in order to optimise the economics.« less
Dyslipoproteinemic changes in borderline hypertension. (1994)

The present study examined plasma lipoprotein, lipoprotein lipase, hepatic lipase, and insulin levels in men with borderline hypertension (diastolic blood pressure 85 to 94 mm Hg) compared with age-matched normotensive control subjects (diastolic blood pressure less than or equal to 80 mm Hg, n = 75 + 75). High-density lipoprotein (HDL) subclasses were determined in a subset (n = 45 + 45). While total and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels were similar, levels of very-low-density lipoprotein (VLDL) cholesterol and triglycerides (0.46 versus 0.41 mmol/L, P = .027, and 1.0 versus 0.85 mmol/L, P = .031) and total triglycerides (1.53 versus 1.33 mmol/L, P = .009) were elevated and HDL cholesterol was reduced in the borderline group compared with the normotensive group (1.17 versus 1.26 mmol/L, P = .043). The HDL subclass HDL2b concentration was lower (0.16 versus 0.24 mmol/L, P = .006), while HDL3b and HDL3c concentrations were higher in the borderline group (0.38 versus 0.32 mmol/L, P = .016, and 0.19 versus 0.16 mmol/L, P = .042). Significantly higher activities of hepatic lipase in the borderline group (282 versus 232 mU/mL, P = .024) and significant correlations between lipoprotein lipase activity and VLDL and HDL concentrations suggest an involvement of these enzymes in the development of these differences. When adjusted for body mass index or insulin level, all differences disappeared, except for HDL3b and HDL3c concentrations, which remained significantly elevated. These results indicate that dyslipoproteinemic changes are present in early hypertension. Although most of these changes are related to obesity, alterations in HDL profile were not explained by influences of body mass index and insulin.
A Neural Probabilistic Model for Context Based Citation Recommendation (2015)

Automatic citation recommendation can be very useful for authoring a paper and is an AI-complete problem due to the challenge of bridging the semantic gap between citation context and the cited paper. It is not always easy for knowledgeable researchers to give an accurate citation context for a cited paper or to find the right paper to cite given context. To help with this problem, we propose a novel neural probabilistic model that jointly learns the semantic representations of citation contexts and cited papers. The probability of citing a paper given a citation context is estimated by training a multi-layer neural network. We implement and evaluate our model on the entire CiteSeer dataset, which at the time of this work consists of 10,760,318 citation contexts from 1,017,457 papers. We show that the proposed model significantly outperforms other state-of-the-art models in recall, MAP, MRR, and nDCG.
Dried Platelets in a Swine Model of Liver Injury (2014)

In this swine model of liver injury, human lyophilized platelets increased intraoperative blood loss. With the use of species-specific lyophilized platelets, however, this effect was abolished, with a decrease in blood loss at 48 h after injury.
Nonaqueous Synthesis of TiO<sub>2</sub> Nanocrystals Using TiF<sub>4</sub> to Engineer Morphology, Oxygen Vacancy Concentration, and Photocatalytic Activity (2012)

Control over faceting in nanocrystals (NCs) is pivotal for many applications, but most notably when investigating catalytic reactions which occur on the surfaces of nanostructures. Anatase titanium dioxide (TiO(2)) is one of the most studied photocatalysts, but the shape dependence of its activity has not yet been satisfactorily investigated and many questions still remain unanswered. We report the nonaqueous surfactant-assisted synthesis of highly uniform anatase TiO(2) NCs with tailorable morphology in the 10-100 nm size regime, prepared through a seeded growth technique. Introduction of titanium(IV) fluoride (TiF(4)) preferentially exposes the {001} facet of anatase through in situ release of hydrofluoric acid (HF), allowing for the formation of uniform anatase NCs based on the truncated tetragonal bipyramidal geometry. A method is described to engineer the percentage of {001} and {101} facets through the choice of cosurfactant and titanium precursor. X-ray diffraction studies are performed in conjunction with simulation to determine an average NC dimension which correlates with results obtained using electron microscopy. In addition to altering the particle shape, the introduction of TiF(4) into the synthesis results in TiO(2) NCs that are blue in color and display a broad visible/NIR absorbance which peaks in the infrared (λ(max) ≈ 3400 nm). The blue color results from oxygen vacancies formed in the presence of fluorine, as indicated by electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) studies. The surfactants on the surface of the NCs are removed through a simple ligand exchange procedure, allowing the shape dependence of photocatalytic hydrogen evolution to be studied using monodisperse TiO(2) NCs. Preliminary experiments on the photoreforming of methanol, employed as a model sacrificial agent, on platinized samples resulted in high volumes of evolved hydrogen (up to 2.1 mmol h(-1) g(-1)) under simulated solar illumination. Remarkably, the data suggest that, under our experimental conditions, the {101} facets of anatase are more active than the {001}.
Characterization of xylose reductase from the yeast Pichia stipitis: Evidence for functional thiol and histidyl groups (1992)

Xylose reductase (EC 1.1.1.21) from the yeast Pichia stipitis NRC 2548 was purified to homogeneity via a two-step protocol using anion-exchange and gel-filtration chromatography. The pH-activity profile revealed the presence of two ionizable groups with pK app values of 5.8 and 8.1, suggesting the catalytic involvement of histidyl and thiol groups, respectively. Additional evidence supporting the involvement of these residues was provided by the use of group-specific inhibitors. The enzyme was rapidly inactivated in a pseudo-first order manner by the thiol-specific modifier p-chloromercuriphenylsulphonate (PMBS) and analysis of the order-of-reaction suggested that one essential cysteine residue was modified to effect inactivation. Treatment of the enzyme with another thiol-specific modifier, 5,5′-dithiobis-(2-nitrobenzoic acid) (DTNB), showed that modification of one cysteine per monomer led to 90% loss of activity, further supporting the existence of one essential cysteine residue. Inactivation by PMBS was reversed by adding 1 mM-β-mercaptoethanol. Inactivation of xylose reductase by the histidine-specific modifier diethylpyrocarbonate (DEP) followed a pseudo-first order process, and analysis of the order-of-reaction suggested that one essential histidine residue was modified to effect inactivation. Treatment of DEP-inactivated enzyme with 0.2 M-neutral hydroxylamine resulted in the recovery of 45% of enzyme activity. Protection of xylose reductase from PMBSand DEP-inactivation was provided by NADPH and NADH but not by NADP+, D-xylose or DL-glyceraldehyde. This suggests that the essential histidine and cysteine residues may be involved with binding of cofactor by the P. stipitis xylose reductase.
The Evaluation of Lyophilized Polymer Matrices for Administering Recombinant Human Bone Morphogenetic Protein-2 (1996)

Novel unitary devices, prepared by lyophilization of viscous solutions of sodium carboxymethylcellulose (CMC) and methylcellulose (MC), were evaluated as sustained-release delivery systems for recombinant human bone morphogenetic protein-2 (rhBMP-2). In vitro characterization of the unitary devices, which contained rhBMP-2-loaded poly (d,l lactide-co-glycolide) (PLGA) bioerodible particles (BEPs), was conducted over a 2-month period. Determinations included buffer uptake, mass and molecular weight loss and rhBMP-2 release from the unitary devices. CMC devices imbibed approximately 16 times their weight of buffer, while with MC, equilibrium uptake was approximately 6 times the dry weight of the devices. Overall mass loss percentages were approximately 55 and 35%, respectively, for CMC and MC devices. rhBMP-2 release from the devices was essentially a triphasic process: an initial phase during which "free" protein (rhBMP-2 present on the surface and within the pores of the PLGA BEPs) was released, a lag period during which no release was discerned, and then release of "bound" rhBMP-2 (protein adsorbed to the BEPs). The release of bound protein correlated with the mass loss of the polymer which began after 3 weeks. Release from the unitary devices was lower than that from the BEPs alone, due to a retardation effect of the gelled CMC/MC polymers. In rabbits in which full-thickness cranial bone defects were created, the implants were well tolerated and induced significant new bone growth during an 8-week evaluation period. The CMC devices appear to have induced bone earlier (at 2 weeks), but this did not affect eventual 8-week results. CMC devices without rhBMP-2 appeared to provide some bone conduction, in contrast to the blank MC devices.
놀잇감의 구조성이 사회적 극놀이에서 나타나는 유아의 상호주관성에 미치는 영향 (2002)

The main purpose of this study is to examine how the structure of play materials influences young children's intersubjectivity in social dramatic play. Specifically, it is to find the effect of the structure of play materials, the structure of play meterials × age interaction vector on the structure of social play and negotiation acts of play. Subjects were 48 children, 24 each of 3 and 5 years old at W kindergarten in Daejeon. Subjects were randomly divided into same age and sex dyads. Each dyad participated in play during two twenty-minute sessions, once in an environment equipped with high structured play materials and once in a setting containing low structured ones. The results are as follows: There was significant difference in the structure of social play and negotiation acts of play. The difference between high and low structured play materials in the structure of social play and negotiation acts of play varied according to age.
NITROGEN ASSIMILATION AND TRANSPORT IN VASCULAR LAND PLANTS IN RELATION TO INTRACELLULAR pH REGULATION (1976)

SUMMARY The assimilationof ammonium ion in plant cell cytoplasm produces at least one H + per NH + 4 ; N 2 fixation generates 0.1‐0.2 H + per N assimilated; NO ‐ 3 assimilation produces almost one OH ‐ per NO ‐ 3 . H + or OH ‐ produced in excess of that required to maintain cytoplasmic pH for H + or OH ‐ , the major process involved is H + efflux (frequently by active transport) from the cell. IN higher land plants, much of assimilated N occurs as hoot protein; the shoot cells have no direct acess to the H + and OH ‐ sink of the soil solution. When ammonium ion is the N source it is assimilated into organic‐N in the roots. The shoot is supplied with a mixture of amino‐acids, amides and organic acids which an be incorporated (with neutral photosynthate) into cell material without damaging pH changes. Similar considerations apply to symbiotic N 2 assimilation in root nodules. IN both cases the excess H + generated in the root cell cytoplasm is exerted is excreted to the soil solution; there is no mechanism whereby photolithotrophic plant can, in the long term, counter intracellular acidity without resort to active H + efflux to an extracellular sink. When nitrate is reduced in roots, the organic compounds involved in N transportged to the shoot are similar to those used when ammonium or N 2 is the N source with similar implications for the regulation of shoot pH. The excess OH ‐ generated in the roots is partly excreted to the soil solution, and partly neutralized by the ‘biochemical pH stat’ which produces strong organic acids from essentially neutral precursors. When nitrate is assimilated solely in shoots, the excess OH ‐ is initially neutralized by the operation of the biochemical pH state. Storage of the inorganic cation‐organate in shoot cell vacuoles could lead to turgor and volume regulation problems in these cells. These are avoided when an insoluble salt (calcium oxalate) is the product of the pH stat, or when the cation organate is translocated to the roots where organate breakdown regenerates OH ‐ , whcih is lost to the soil solution. This mixture of biochemical, and long and short distance transport processes, enables cells remote from a large sink for H + or OH ‐ to produce protein without unfavourable pH changes. These processes related to pH regulation during N assimilation have important consequences for the carbon and energy economy of the plant.
Correcting ligands, metabolites, and pathways (2006)

We demonstrate that the validation of metabolite structures and reactions is a feasible and worthwhile undertaking, and that the validation results can be used to trigger corrections and improvements to BioMeta, our metabolite database. BioMeta provides some tools for rational drug design, reaction searches, and visualization. It is freely available at http://www.cmbi.ru.nl/biometa/ provided that the copyright notice of all original data is cited. The database will be useful for querying and browsing biochemical pathways, and to obtain reference information for identifying compounds. However, these applications require that the underlying data be correct, and that is the focus of BioMeta.
Password portfolios and the finite-effort user: sustainably managing large numbers of accounts (2014)

We explore how to manage a portfolio of passwords. We review why mandating exclusively strong passwords with no re-use gives users an impossible task as portfolio size grows. We find that approaches justified by loss-minimization alone, and those that ignore important attack vectors (e.g., vectors exploiting re-use), are amenable to analysis but unrealistic. In contrast, we propose, model and analyze portfolio management under a realistic attack suite, with an objective function costing both loss and user effort. Our findings directly challenge accepted wisdom and conventional advice. We find, for example, that a portfolio strategy ruling out weak passwords or password re-use is sub-optimal. We give an optimal solution for how to group accounts for re-use, and model-based principles for portfolio management.
Damage Mechanisms in Plasma-Sprayed Alumina Coatings (2000)

Abstract Al2O3 coatings produced by plasma spray have been considered for wear resistance and corrosion protection. Mechanical investigations of these coatings are often performed when the coating is still on the metallic substrate, hiding the intrinsic response of the coatings and the lamellae that make up their microstructure. The development of a compression test for stand-alone coatings will be described. Cyclic compression loading with monotonically increased peak stresses was employed to study the deformation and damage of the coatings. Transmission electron microscopy and acoustic emission were also used to identify damage mechanisms that ultimately lead to failure. It is proposed that numerous defects that exist in plasma-sprayed coatings, including porosity and microcracks, serve as sites for crack nucleation and/or propagation. As these small cracks extend subcritically under an applied stress that ultimately propagate parallel to the loading direction along inter-lamella boundaries. With increasing stress, these cracks ultimately link resulting in catastrophic failure.
A Survey on Workflow Annotation & Composition Approaches (2007)

Efficient business processes are key to economic success. With the need to frequently adapt or restructure business processes and workflows in a dynamic market, agile processes and (semi-)automatic workflow and process composition would be useful. Currently, this is a manual and time-consuming task. Automating and optimizing this task is of high interest in research communities. Nevertheless, the orientation differs: Some focus on semantic web services, others on Grid workflows or concentrate on business process management. In this paper we present a survey of available workflow annotation and composition approaches in all of these areas. We additionally categorize and compare them and describe future work.
A Systematic Review of Directly Applied Biologic Therapies for Acute Spinal Cord Injury (2010)

An increasing number of therapies for spinal cord injury (SCI) are emerging from the laboratory and seeking translation into human clinical trials. Many of these are administered as soon as possible after injury with the hope of attenuating secondary damage and maximizing the extent of spared neurologic tissue. In this article, we systematically reviewed the available preclinical research on such neuroprotective therapies that are administered in a non-invasive manner for acute SCI. Specifically, we reviewed treatments that have a relatively high potential for translation due to the fact that they are already used in human clinical applications or are available in a form that could be administered to humans. These included: erythropoietin, NSAIDs, anti-CD11d antibodies, minocycline, progesterone, estrogen, magnesium, riluzole, polyethylene glycol, atorvastatin, inosine, and pioglitazone. The literature was systematically reviewed to examine studies in which an in vivo animal model was utilized to assess the efficacy of the therapy in a traumatic spinal cord injury paradigm. Using these criteria, 122 studies were identified and reviewed in detail. Wide variations exist in the animal species, injury models, and experimental designs reported in the preclinical literature on the therapies reviewed. The review highlights the extent of investigation that has occurred in these specific therapies, and points out gaps in our knowledge that would be potentially valuable prior to human translation.
Robotic Exoskeletons for Upper Extremity Rehabilitation (2007)

In 2003, 700,000 persons in the United States suffered a cerebral vascular accident (CVA), or stroke, with the total number of survivors estimated at 5.5 million. The total cost for rehabilitation and lost revenue in 2006 was 57.9 billion (Thom, Haase et al. 2006). Stroke commonly causes significant residual physical, cognitive, and psychological impairment (Gresham 1990). As the geriatric population increases and more effective therapies for acute stroke management emerge, there will be more survivors living with disabilities. In addition to greater numbers of survivors, there has been an increase in the number of more moderately affected survivors (Wolf, D'Agostino et al. 1992), which has increased the demand for stroke rehabilitation in an era of health care cost containment. Efforts to prevent stroke must, therefore, be balanced with pragmatic efforts to prevent disability and maximize quality of life for stroke survivors. Persons with hemiparesis following stroke constitute the largest group of patients receiving rehabilitation services in this country. The current consensus regarding rehabilitation of patients with some voluntary control over movements of the paretic limb is that they be encouraged to use the limb in functional tasks and receive training directed toward improving strength and motor control, relearning sensorimotor relationships, and improving functional performance (Gresham, Alexander et al. 1997). Given such recommendations, the research community has responded with efforts to improve the effectiveness of rehabilitative treatment of motor disability resulting from stroke.