gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Hyperpolarized 129Xe MR Imaging of Alveolar Gas Uptake in Humans (2010)

The features observed in dissolved-phase (129)Xe MR images are consistent with gravity-dependent lung deformation, which produces increased ventilation, reduced alveolar size (i.e., higher surface-to-volume ratios), higher tissue densities, and increased perfusion in the dependent portions of the lungs. Thus, these results suggest that dissolved HP (129)Xe imaging reports on pulmonary function at a fundamental level.
Relating the distribution of bathymetry to clutter distributions (2005)

One source of clutter for active sonar in shallow water is backscatter from the rough ocean bottom. Backscatter may often be dominated by Bragg scale roughness. Bathymetry measurements are not generally made at sufficient resolution to determine the Bragg scale roughness distribution directly. We examine the distribution of ocean bottom slopes and determine power law relationships. These relationships can be used to define fractals which allow extrapolations of bathymetry to finer scale. The fine-scale bathymetry is then related to the distributions of sonar clutter. The generalized gamma distribution is particularly useful to describe clutter. The upper tail of this distribution approaches a power law related to the power laws in the bathymetry. [This work is sponsored by the Office of Naval Research (ONR).]
Production of orthophosphate suspension fertilizers from wet-process acid (1984)

For many years, the Tennessee Valley Authority (TVA) has worked toward development of suspension fertilizers. TVA has two plants for production of base suspension fertilizers from wet-process orthophosphoric acid. One is a demonstration-scale plant where a 13-38-0 grade base suspension is produced by a three-stage ammoniation process. The other is a new batch-type pilot plant which is capable of producing high-grade base suspensions of various ratios and grades from wet-process acid. In this batch plant, suspensions and solutions can also be produced from solid intermediates.
TextRunner (2007)

Traditional information extraction systems have focused on satisfying precise, narrow, pre-specified requests from small, homogeneous corpora. In contrast, the TextRunner system demonstrates a new kind of information extraction, called Open Information Extraction (OIE), in which the system makes a single, data-driven pass over the entire corpus and extracts a large set of relational tuples, without requiring any human input. (Banko et al., 2007) TextRunner is a fully-implemented, highly scalable example of OIE. TextRunner's extractions are indexed, allowing a fast query mechanism.
Spectrograph Measures Contamination Of Optical Elements (1989)

Scanning-monochromator spectrograph designed to measure contamination on surfaces of optical elements as function of time. Repeatedly exposes samples to environment, then measures their transmittances or reflectances over range of wavelengths. Intended for use at vacuum-ultraviolet wavelengths to evaluate effects of outgassing, heating, and cooling on optical instruments. Principle of operation also applicable to spectral monitoring of time-dependent contamination at other wavelengths and in laboratory, industrial, or other settings.
Compact garbage collection tables (2000)

Garbage collection tables for finding pointers on the stack can be represented in 20-25% of the space previously reported. Live pointer information is often the same at many call sites because there are few pointers live across most call sites. This allows live pointer information to be represented compactly by a small index into a table of descriptions of pointer locations. The mapping from program counter values to those small indexes can be represented compactly using several techniques. The techniques a assign numbers to call sites and use those numbers to index an array of small indexes. One technique is to represent an array of return addresses by using a two-level table with 16-bit off-sets. Another technique is to use a sparse array of return addresses and interpolate the exact number via disassembly of the executable code.
Monoclonal antibody against adult marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells recognizes developing vasculature in embryonic human skin (1998)

We have described previously a monoclonal antibody (SH2) that specifically recognizes undifferentiated mesenchymal progenitor cells isolated from adult human bone marrow. These cells, which we operationally refer to as mesenchymal stem cells, have the capacity to differentiate and form distinct mesenchymal tissues such as bone and cartilage when the isolated cells are placed in the appropriate in vivo or in vitro environment. We report here the partial biochemical characterization of the antigen recognized by the SH2 antibody. Metabolically radiolabelled adult marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells in culture were extracted and immunoprecipitated with the SH2 antibody. The purified antigen migrated as a single band of 90 kDa after sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis was performed under reducing conditions. The SH2-immunoprecipitated protein exhibited a molecular weight band shift after removal of N-linked oligosaccharides. We investigated the expression of the SH2 antigen, along with the endothelial markers factor VIII-related antigen and Ulex europaeus I (UEA-I) lectin during specific developmental periods in human dermal embryogenesis and in the postnatal period through aged adults. Frozen sections of human embryonic, fetal, or postnatal skin ranging from 8 weeks estimated gestational age (EGA) through 84 years of age were immunostained or double immunolabelled with antibodies SH2, UEA-I, or factor VIII-related antigen followed by second antibodies with fluorescent markers. Positive cell surface reactivity with the SH2 antibody was seen in cells in the vascular plane in the earliest specimens (day 55 EGA) corresponding to the late cellular dermis period. During the period of the cellular to fibrous transition, in which the initiation of appendage development occurs, most SH2-reactive cells colocalized with vasculature markers UEA-I and factor VIII-related antigen, although there was a subset of cells recognized by SH2 antibody that did not colocalize with the endothelial markers. In contrast to the endothelial markers UEA-I and factor VIII-related antigen, in which the number of immunopositive cells became more prominent with age and maturation of the dermis, the frequency of cells that contained the SH2-reactive antigen diminished with age. The SH2 reactivity evident in embryonic, fetal, and early postnatal periods was not observed in human skin specimens taken from adults greater than 30 years old. These observations support the hypothesis that the SH2 antigen is a cell surface marker of developing microvasculature and may play a role in dermal embryogenesis and angiogenesis.
A theory of data race detection (2006)

This paper presents a rigorous mathematical theory for the detection of data races in threaded programs. After creating a structure with precise definitions and theorems, it goes on to develop four algorithms with the goal of detecting at least one race in the situation where the history kept on previous memory accesses is limited. The algorithms demonstrate the tradeoff between the amount of access history kept and the kinds of data races that can be detected. One of these algorithms is a reformulation of a previously known algorithm; the other three are new. One of the new ones is actually used in the tool called Intel® Thread Checker.
Discovery of CC Chemokine Receptor-3 (CCR3) Antagonists with Picomolar Potency (2005)

Starting with our previously described(20) class of CC chemokine receptor-3 (CCR3) antagonist, we improved the potency by replacing the phenyl linker of 1 with a cyclohexyl linker and by replacing the 4-benzylpiperidine with a 3-benzylpiperidine. The resulting compound, 32, is a potent and selective antagonist of CCR3. SAR studies showed that the 3-acetylphenyl urea of 32 could be replaced with heterocyclic ureas or heterocyclic-substituted phenyl ureas and still maintain the potency (inhibition of eotaxin-induced chemotaxis) of this class of compounds in the low-picomolar range (IC(50) = 10-60 pM), representing some of the most potent CCR3 antagonists reported to date. The potency of 32 for mouse CCR3 (chemotaxis IC(50) = 41 nM) and its oral bioavailability in mice (20% F ) were adequate to assess the efficacy in animal models of allergic airway inflammation. Oral administration of 32 reduced eosinophil recruitment into the lungs in a dose-dependent manner in these animal models. On the basis of its overall potency, selectivity, efficacy, and safety profile, the benzenesulfonate salt of 32, designated DPC168, entered phase I clinical trials.
Phase locking of large two-dimensional arrays of vertical-cavity surface-emitting lasers (1991)

Vertical-cavity surface-emitting laser (VCSEL) arrays are attractive for applications in parallel, optical signal-processing schemes, and as circular beam, high-power sources. However, one of the limitations of current VCSEL designs is their relatively low output in terms of power per unit area. The straightforward solution—increasing the laser area—is useful over a short range of laser diameters. Lasers with a diameter of 10-20 µm show a multispatial mode of operation, even at relatively low injection currents. Larger lasers are susceptible to formation of filaments, which results in low beam quality and poor coherence. Recently1 we reported phase locking of two-dimensional VCSEL arrays by patterning the reflectivity of the back mirror of the array. Efficient phase-locking of small arrays (<20 lasers) was demonstrated.
Investigating Thermionic Emission Properties of Polycrystalline Perovskite BaMoO<sub>3</sub> (2023)

Recent experimental thermionic emission characterization measurements of the perovskite oxide SrVO3 demonstrated that low work functions can be achieved with intrinsic surface dipoles on monolithic polar perovskites, while recent density functional theory (DFT) calculations suggest that many perovskites in addition to SrVO3 may also show low work function. In this investigation, we studied the thermionic emission behavior of another perovskite suggested from DFT, BaMoO3, together with its related physical properties. The temperature limited emission current density increases and then saturates with increasing voltage, consistent with patch field theory. The overall effective work functions are 2.6–2.7 eV, comparable to other thermionic emitters like LaB6, but much higher than the 1.0 eV DFT-predicted lowest work function. We attribute this discrepancy to patch field effects caused by nanoscale features decorating individual surface facets. The resulting heterogeneity yields thermionic emission characteristic of an effective work function higher than the lowest local facet work functions. Additionally, the material shows some instability when operating at high temperatures over 1200°C. Nevertheless, BaMoO3 shows emission behavior comparable to LaB6 when operated at temperatures of <inline-formula xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$< 1200~^{\circ }\text{C}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> , and may find use as a vacuum electron source in vacuum electronic applications such as electron microscopes and electron beam writers.
Morphing steady‐state free precession (2007)

A novel concept for visualization of positive contrast originating from susceptibility-related magnetic field distortions is presented. In unbalanced steady-state free precession (SSFP) the generic, gradient-induced dephasing competes with local gradient fields generated by paramagnetic materials. Thus, within the same image, SSFP may morph its own appearance from unbalanced to balanced SSFP (bSSFP) as a result of local gradient compensation. In combination with low to very low flip angles, unbalanced SSFP signals are heavily suppressed, whereas bSSFP locally produces very high steady-state amplitudes at certain frequency offsets. As a result, bSSFP signals appear hyperintense on an almost completely dark background. In this study, the conceptual issues of local gradient compensation and frequency matching, as well as the feasibility of proper detection of marker materials for interventional MRI from hyperintense pixels locations, are evaluated both in vitro and in vivo. Signal dependencies of morphing SSFP on sequence parameters such as flip angle or repetition time are investigated theoretically and experimentally. In addition to passive tracking of interventional devices, morphing SSFP might also be a promising new concept for the generation of positive contrast from super-paramagnetic iron oxide (SPIO) particles in contrast-enhanced MRI as well as for particle tracking.
The effect of a single nucleotide polymorphism on human α2-antiplasmin activity (2007)

Abstract The primary inhibitor of plasmin, α2-antiplasmin (α2AP), is secreted by the liver into plasma with Met as the amino-terminus. During circulation, Met-α2AP is cleaved by antiplasmin-cleaving enzyme (APCE), yielding Asn-α2AP, which is crosslinked into fibrin approximately 13 times faster than Met-α2AP. The Met-α2AP gene codes for either Arg or Trp as the sixth amino acid, with both polymorphic forms found in human plasma samples. We determined the Arg6Trp genotype frequency in a healthy population and its effects on Met-α2AP cleavage and fibrinolysis. Genotype frequencies were RR 62.5%, RW 34.0%, and WW 3.5%. The polymorphism related to the percentage of Met-α2AP in plasma was WW (56.4%), RW (40.6%), and RR (23.6%). WW plasma tended to have shorter lysis times than RR and RW plasmas. APCE cleaved purified Met-α2AP(Arg6) approximately 8-fold faster than Met-α2AP(Trp6), which is reflected in Asn-α2AP/Met-α2AP ratios with time in RR, RW, and WW plasmas. Removal of APCE from plasma abrogated cleavage of Met-α2AP. We conclude that the Arg6Trp polymorphism is functionally significant, as it clearly affects conversion of Met-α2AP to Asn-α2AP, and thereby, the rate of α2AP incorporation into fibrin. Therefore, the Arg6Trp polymorphism may play a significant role in governing the long-term deposition/removal of intravascular fibrin.
O(n) layout-coloring for multiple-patterning lithography and conflict-removal using compaction (2012)

The use of multiple patterning optical lithography for sub-20nm technologies has become inevitable with delays in adopting the next generation of lithography systems. The biggest technical challenge of multiple patterning is failure to reach a manufacturable layout-coloring solution, especially in dense layouts. This paper offers a post-layout solution for the removal of conflicts, i.e., patterns that cannot be colored without violations. The proposed method consists of three steps essentially: layout coloring, exposure layers and geometric rules definition, and, finally, layout legalization using compaction and multiple-patterning rules as constraints. The method is general and can be used for different multiple-patterning technologies including LELE double-patterning (DP), tripe/multiple-patterning (i.e., multiple litho-etch steps), and self-aligned double patterning (SADP). For demonstration purposes, we apply the proposed method in this paper to remove conflicts in DP. We offer an O(n) layout-coloring algorithm for DP, which is up to 200X faster than the ILP-based approach, and extend it for multiple-patterning (MP). The conflict-removal problem is formulated as a linear program (LP), which permits an extremely fast run-time (less than 1 minute in real time for macro layout). The method was tested on cells from a commercial 22nm library designed without any multiple-patterning awareness; for many cells, the method removes all conflicts without any area increase; for some complex cells, the method still removes all conflicts but with a modest 6.7% average increase in area.
Design and Analysis of the Active Dual-Mode Twisting Actuation Mechanism (2017)

This paper presents an active dual-mode twisting actuation mechanism, which is an automatic transmission system based on twisted string actuation. This mechanism produces two different transmission ratios by adjusting the radius of a twisted string. Automatic mode switching between the two transmission ratios is implemented using an active control mechanism. Then, the effect of the proposed mechanism is derived via kinetic and kinematic analyses. Mathematical models of the twisted string are derived and a control algorithm for the mode transition is proposed. The performance of the proposed mechanism is experimentally verified using a prototype of the active dual-mode twisting actuator.
An efficient conversion of ketones to .alpha.,.beta.-unsaturated ketones (1978)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTAn efficient conversion of ketones to .alpha.,.beta.-unsaturated ketonesRiaz F. Abdulla and Kenneth H. FuhrCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1978, 43, 21, 4248–4250Publication Date (Print):October 1, 1978Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 October 1978https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo00415a061https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00415a061research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views537Altmetric-Citations60LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Parameterization of High Solar Share Gas Turbine Systems (2012)

Existing solar thermal power plants are based on steam turbine cycles. While their process temperature is limited, solar gas turbine (GT) systems provide the opportunity to utilize solar heat at a much higher temperature. Therefore there is potential to improve the efficiency of future solar thermal power plants. Solar based heat input to substitute fuel requires specific GT features. Currently the portfolio of available GTs with these features is restricted. Only small capacity research plants are in service or in planning. Process layout and technology studies for high solar share GT systems have been carried out and have already been reported by the authors. While these investigations are based on a commercial 10MW class GT, this paper addresses the parameterization of high solar share GT systems and is not restricted to any type of commercial GT. Three configurations of solar hybrid GT cycles are analyzed. Besides recuperated and simple GT with bottoming Organic Rankine Cycle (ORC), a conventional combined cycle is considered. The study addresses the GT parameterization. Therefore parametric process models are used for simulation. Maximum electrical efficiency and associated optimum compressor pressure ratio πC are derived at design conditions. The pressure losses of the additional solar components of solar hybrid GTs have a different adversely effect on the investigated systems. Further aspects like high ambient temperature, availability of water and influence of compressor pressure level on component design are discussed as well. The present study is part of the R&D project Hybrid High Solar Share Gas Turbine Systems (HYGATE) which is funded by the German Ministry for the Environment, Nature and Nuclear Safety and the Ministry of Economics and Technology.
Improved method for extracting lanthanides and actinides from acid solutions (1983)

A process for the recovery of actinide and lanthanide values from aqueous acidic solutions uses a new series of neutral bi-functional extractants, the alkyl(phenyl)-N,N-dialkylcarbamoylmethylphosphine oxides. The process is suitable for the separation of actinide and lanthanide values from fission product values found together in high-level nuclear reprocessing waste solutions.
A platform for rapid generation of single and multiplexed reporters in human iPSC lines (2015)

Induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSC) are important tools for drug discovery assays and toxicology screens. In this manuscript, we design high efficiency TALEN and ZFN to target two safe harbor sites on chromosome 13 and 19 in a widely available and well-characterized integration-free iPSC line. We show that these sites can be targeted in multiple iPSC lines to generate reporter systems while retaining pluripotent characteristics. We extend this concept to making lineage reporters using a C-terminal targeting strategy to endogenous genes that express in a lineage-specific fashion. Furthermore, we demonstrate that we can develop a master cell line strategy and then use a Cre-recombinase induced cassette exchange strategy to rapidly exchange reporter cassettes to develop new reporter lines in the same isogenic background at high efficiency. Equally important we show that this recombination strategy allows targeting at progenitor cell stages, further increasing the utility of the platform system. The results in concert provide a novel platform for rapidly developing custom single or dual reporter systems for screening assays.
An improved SUMO fusion protein system for effective production of native proteins (2008)

Expression of recombinant proteins as fusions with SUMO (small ubiquitin-related modifier) protein has significantly increased the yield of difficult-to-express proteins in Escherichia coli. The benefit of this technique is further enhanced by the availability of naturally occurring SUMO proteases, which remove SUMO from the fusion protein. Here we have improved the exiting SUMO fusion protein approach for effective production of native proteins. First, a sticky-end PCR strategy was applied to design a new SUMO fusion protein vector that allows directional cloning of any target gene using two universal cloning sites (Sfo1 at the 5'-end and XhoI at the 3'-end). No restriction digestion is required for the target gene PCR product, even the insert target gene contains a SfoI or XhoI restriction site. This vector produces a fusion protein (denoted as His(6)-Smt3-X) in which the protein of interest (X) is fused to a hexahistidine (His(6))-tagged Smt3. Smt3 is the yeast SUMO protein. His(6)-Smt3-X was purified by Ni(2+) resin. Removal of His(6)-Smt3 was performed on the Ni(2+) resin by an engineered SUMO protease, His(6)-Ulp1(403-621)-His(6). Because of its dual His(6) tags, His(6)-Ulp1(403-621)-His(6) exhibits a high affinity for Ni(2) resin and associates with Ni(2+) resin after cleavage reaction. One can carry out both fusion protein purification and SUMO protease cleavage using one Ni(2+)-resin column. The eluant contains only the native target protein. Such a one-column protocol is useful in developing a better high-throughput platform. Finally, this new system was shown to be effective for cloning, expression, and rapid purification of several difficult-to-produce authentic proteins.