gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Apparatus for converting light energy into electrical energy. [fluorescent concentrator and wavelength shifter for solar cells] (1978)

An apparatus is described for the conversion of light energy into electrical energy, by which solar energy may be converted into electrical energy effectively and cheaply. The invention further relates to fluorescent centers (light concentrators) which consist of thin layers of transparent solid or liquid materials with embedded fluorescent centers and which in conjunction with solar cells serve to convert solar energy into electrical energy.
A randomized controlled trial of paroxetine for noncardiac chest pain. (2006)

Noncardiac chest pain occurs frequently in medical practice and is often difficult to treat. We conducted a randomized double-blind, placebo-controlled, 8-week trial of paroxetine in 50 patients with noncardiac chest pain. None of the patients met criteria for panic disorder or major depression. Paroxetine-treated patients showed greater (P < .05) improvements than placebo-treated patients on the Clinical Global Impressions (CGI) scale. Both paroxetine and placebo-treated patients improved to a similar extent on selfrated pain measures, although baseline differences limited the interpretation of this outcome variable. There were no differences on other outcome ratings. Treatment was well tolerated. These preliminary findings extend other data on the potential of selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors for the acute treatment of noncardiac chest pain. Some recommendations for future studies to definitively test this potential are presented.
Electrical detection of spin-momentum locking in Bi2Se3(Conference Presentation) (2016)

Topological insulators (TIs) exhibit topologically protected metallic surface states populated by massless Dirac fermions with spin-momentum locking – the carrier spin lies in-plane, locked at right angle to the carrier momentum. An unpolarized charge current should thus create a net spin polarization. Here we show direct electrical detection of this bias current induced spin polarization as a voltage measured on a ferromagnetic (FM) metal tunnel barrier surface contact [1]. The voltage measured at this contact is proportional to the projection of the TI spin polarization onto this axis, and similar data are obtained for two different FM contact structures, Fe/Al2O3 and Co/MgO/graphene. From measurements of the carrier type and sign of the spin voltage for n-Bi2Se3 and p-Sb2Te3, we show that transport measurements can be used to determine the chirality of the spin texture [2]. The chirality inverts as one crosses the Dirac point, so that the carrier spin-momentum locking follows a left-hand rule (clockwise chirality) when the Fermi level is above the Dirac point, and right-hand rule below (counter-clockwise chirality). These results demonstrate simple and direct electrical access to the TI Dirac surface state spin system, provide clear evidence for the spin-momentum locking and bias current-induced spin polarization, and enable utilization of these remarkable properties for future technological applications. [1] C. H. Li, O. M. J. van ‘t Erve, J. T. Robinson, Y. Liu, L. Li , and B. T. Jonker, Nature Nanotech. 9, 218 (2014). [2] C. H. Li, O. M. J. van ‘t Erve, Y. Y. Li, L. Li and B. T. Jonker, under review.
Processing of the Pre‐β‐amyloid Protein by Cathepsin <scp>d</scp> is Enhanced by a Familial Alzheimer's Disease Mutation (1994)

A major pre-beta-amyloid protein695 (APP695) processing activity from Alzheimer's disease brain extracts was identified and found to be indistinguishable from the activity of cathepsin D.APP695 processing activity cleaved APP695 into a series of fragments that reacted on immunoblots to a monoclonal antibody (C286.8a) against beta-amyloid-(1-7)-peptide and cleaved N-dansyl-APP-(591-601)-amide at the Glu-Val and Met-Asp bonds. Fragments of 5.5 kDa and 10-12 kDa were formed from the cleavage of APP695 by cathepsin D at the Glu593-Val594 bond, and had the same N-terminus as a minor form of beta-amyloid released by cells. The Lys595-->Asn and Met596-->Leu substitutions found in a pedigree of familial Alzheimer's disease, increased the cathepsin D-catalyzed rate of accumulation of 5.5 kDa and 10-12 kDa C286.8a-reactive fragments 5-10fold. This substitution also increased the rate of N-dansyl-APP-(591-601)-amide cleavage at the Xaa-Asp bond by up to 41-fold. These observations suggest a role of cathepsin D in beta-amyloid formation under certain circumstances.
A Highly Immunogenic, Protective, and Safe Adenovirus-Based Vaccine Expressing Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus S1-CD40L Fusion Protein in a Transgenic Human Dipeptidyl Peptidase 4 Mouse Model (2019)

Incorporation of CD40L into rAd5-based MERS-CoV S1 vaccine targeting molecule and molecular adjuvants not only enhances immunogenicity and efficacy but also prevents inadvertent pulmonary pathology after viral challenge, thereby offering a promising strategy to enhance safety and potency of vaccines.
P‐26: A New Method to Measure the Twist Angle and Cell Gap of Liquid‐Crystal Cells (1998)

Abstract A new simple, fast and accurate method for liquid crystal cell twist angle and cell gap measurement was demonstrated. It is based on a real time spectral measurement of the linear polarization preservation modes. Prior knowledge of the twist angle or director orientations is not required. This method is straight forward and does not require complicated calculations or curve fitting. This system can be easily implemented in commercial instruments.
On coding concurrent transmissions in wireless networks (2010)

In this paper we identify a specific class of collisions called asymmetric collisions where the nature of collisions is different at the receivers of the colliding signals. We show that, with appropriate handling, asymmetric collisions allow the receiver to decode its intended reception successfully. Due to the natural combining of signals from multiple senders, the received symbol can be represented as a function of the transmitted symbols fc. We identify this property of concurrent coded wireless transmissions and propose a solution called collision coding to leverage such collisions.
A Rapid Polymerase Chain Reaction-Based Assay Characterizing Rhizosphere Populations of 2,4-Diacetylphloroglucinol-Producing Bacteria (2001)

ABSTRACT Pseudomonas species that produce 2,4-diacetylphloroglucinol (2,4-DAPG) play a significant role in the suppression of fungal root pathogens in the rhizosphere of crop plants. To characterize the abundance and diversity of these functionally important bacterial populations, we developed a rapid polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-based assay targeting phlD, an essential gene in the phloroglucinol biosynthetic pathway. The phlDgene is predicted to encode a polyketide synthase that synthesizes mono-acetylphloroglucinol, the immediate precursor to 2,4-DAPG. A major portion of the phlD open reading frame was cloned and sequenced from five genotypically distinct strains, and the sequences were screened for conserved regions that could be used as gene-specific priming sites for PCR amplification. Several new phlD-specific primers were designed and evaluated. Using the primers B2BF and BPR4, we developed a PCR-based assay that was robust enough to amplify the target gene from a diverse set of 2,4-DAPG producers and sensitive enough to detect as few as log 2.4 cells per sample when combined with enrichment from a selective medium. Restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis of the amplified phlD sequence allows for the direct determination of the genotype of the most abundant 2,4-DAPG producers in a sample. The method described was useful for characterizing both inoculant and indigenous phlD(+) pseudomonads inhabiting the rhizosphere of crop plants. The ability to rapidly characterize populations of 2,4-DAPG-producers will greatly enhance our understanding of their role in the suppression of root diseases.
Composition dependence of the photoinduced refractive-index change in lead silicate glasses (1999)

A large photoinduced refractive-index change (as great as Dn=0.21+/-0.04) is obtained in lead silicate glasses by irradiation with the frequency-quadrupled output of a Q -switched YAG laser (266 nm). An approximately exponential relationship is found between the photoinduced refractive-index change and the lead cation mole fraction over the composition range from 18.7% to 57%. The induced refractive-index change is permanent and shows no decay after heating to 360 degrees C during 1 h. Dispersion of the refractive-index change suggests that the photosensitivity is associated with changes in the intrinsic glass absorption edge.
Effects of Multiple Genetic Loci on Age at Onset in Late-Onset Alzheimer Disease (2014)

We confirmed an association of APOE (OMIM 107741) variants with AAO among affected participants with LOAD and observed novel associations of CR1 (OMIM 120620), BIN1 (OMIM 601248), and PICALM (OMIM 603025) with AAO. In contrast to earlier hypothetical modeling, we show that the combined effects of Alzheimer disease risk variants on AAO are on the scale of, but do not exceed, the APOE effect. While the aggregate effects of risk loci on AAO may be significant, additional genetic contributions to AAO are individually likely to be small.
Robust Incorporation of Well Control for Improving Seismic Processing and Inversion (2007)

D026 Robust Incorporation of Well Control for Improving Seismic Processing and Inversion J.K. Washbourne* (Chevron Energy Technology Co.) & E.F. Herkenhoff (Chevron Energy Technology Co.) SUMMARY We present a method for utilizing well log information to measure the quality of seismic AVO inversions. The central contribution is the construction of a “cost function” that measures inversion quality by comparing statistical relationships among inverted reflectivities with analogues from well control reflectivities. Given this cost function we can optimize the AVO inversions as well as the parameters of upstream processing tools. EAGE 69 th Conference & Exhibition — London UK 11 -
Use of the Hepatitis B Virus Recombinant Baculovirus-HepG2 System to Study the Effects of (−)-β-2′,3′-Dideoxy-3′-Thiacytidine on Replication of Hepatitis B Virus and Accumulation of Covalently Closed Circular DNA (1999)

(-)-Beta-2',3'-Dideoxy-3'-thiacytidine (lamivudine [3TC]) is a nucleoside analog which effectively interferes with the replication of hepatitis B virus (HBV) DNA in vitro and in vivo. We have investigated the antiviral properties of 3TC in vitro in HepG2 cells infected with recombinant HBV baculovirus. Different types of information can be obtained with the HBV baculovirus-HepG2 system because (i) experiments can be carried out at various levels of HBV replication including levels significantly higher than those that can be obtained from conventional HBV-expressing cell lines, (ii) cultures can be manipulated and/or treated prior to or during the initiation of HBV expression, and (iii) high levels of HBV replication allow the rapid detection of HBV products including covalently closed circular (CCC) HBV DNA from low numbers of HepG2 cells. The treatment of HBV baculovirus-infected HepG2 cells with 3TC resulted in an inhibition of HBV replication, evidenced by reductions in the levels of both extracellular HBV DNA and intracellular replicative intermediates. The effect of 3TC on HBV replication was both dose and time dependent, and the reductions in extracellular HBV DNA that we observed agreed well with the previously reported efficacy of 3TC in vitro. As expected, levels of HBV transcripts and extracellular hepatitis B surface antigen and e antigen were not affected by 3TC. Importantly, the HBV baculovirus-HepG2 system made it possible to observe for the first time that CCC HBV DNA levels are lower in cells treated with 3TC than in control cells. We also observed that the treatment of HepG2 cells prior to HBV baculovirus infection resulted in a slight increase in the efficacy of 3TC compared to treatments starting 24 h postinfection. The treatment of HepG2 cells with the highest concentration of 3TC tested in this study (2 microM) prior to the initiation of HBV replication markedly inhibited the accumulation of CCC DNA, whereas treatment with the same concentration of 3TC at a time when CCC HBV DNA pools were established within the cells was considerably less effective. In addition, our results suggest that in HepG2 cells, non-protein-associated relaxed circular HBV DNA and particularly CCC HBV DNA are considerably more resistant to 3TC treatment than other forms of HBV DNA, including replicative intermediates and extracellular DNA. We conclude from these studies that the HBV baculovirus-HepG2 system has specific advantages for drug studies and can be used to complement other in vitro model systems currently used for testing antiviral compounds.
ChemInform Abstract: Highly Efficient Molybdenum‐Based Catalysts for Enantioselective Alkene Metathesis. (2009)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Cylindrical Piezoelectric Fiber Composite Actuators (2008)

The use of piezoelectric devices has become widespread since Pierre and Jacques Curie discovered the piezoelectric effect in 1880. Examples of current applications of piezoelectric devices include ultrasonic transducers, micro-positioning devices, buzzers, strain sensors, and clocks. The invention of such lightweight, relatively inexpensive piezoceramic-fiber-composite actuators as macro fiber composite (MFC) actuators has made it possible to obtain strains and displacements greater than those that could be generated by prior actuators based on monolithic piezoceramic sheet materials. MFC actuators are flat, flexible actuators designed for bonding to structures to apply or detect strains. Bonding multiple layers of MFC actuators together could increase force capability, but not strain or displacement capability. Cylindrical piezoelectric fiber composite (CPFC) actuators have been invented as alternatives to MFC actuators for applications in which greater forces and/or strains or displacements may be required. In essence, a CPFC actuator is an MFC or other piezoceramic fiber composite actuator fabricated in a cylindrical instead of its conventional flat shape. Cylindrical is used here in the general sense, encompassing shapes that can have circular, elliptical, rectangular or other cross-sectional shapes in the planes perpendicular to their longitudinal axes.
Principal component analysis of breast DCE‐MRI adjusted with a model‐based method (2009)

PCA adjusted with a model-based method provided a fast and objective computer-aided diagnostic tool for breast DCE-MRI.
Improved Adaptation of Web Service Compositions Using Value of Changed Information (2007)

Workflows often operate in volatile environments in which the component services' QoS changes frequently. Optimally adapting to these changes becomes an important problem that must be addressed by the Web service composition and execution (WSCE) system being utilized. We adopt the A-WSCE framework that utilizes a three-stage approach for composing and executing Web workflows. The A-WSCE framework offers a way to adapt by defining multiple workflows and switching among them in case of component failure or changes in the QoS parameters. However, the A-WSCE framework suffers from the limitations imposed by a simple strategy of periodically checking the QoS offerings of randomly picked providers in order to decide whether the current workflow is optimal. To address these limitations, we associate the value of changed information (VOC) with each workflow and utilize the VOC to update which workflow to execute. We empirically demonstrate the improved performance of the workflows selected using the new approach in comparison to the original framework.
A Frameshift Mutation in Golden Retriever Dogs with Progressive Retinal Atrophy Endorses SLC4A3 as a Candidate Gene for Human Retinal Degenerations (2011)

Progressive retinal atrophy (PRA) in dogs, the canine equivalent of retinitis pigmentosa (RP) in humans, is characterised by vision loss due to degeneration of the photoreceptor cells in the retina, eventually leading to complete blindness. It affects more than 100 dog breeds, and is caused by numerous mutations. RP affects 1 in 4000 people in the Western world and 70% of causal mutations remain unknown. Canine diseases are natural models for the study of human diseases and are becoming increasingly useful for the development of therapies in humans. One variant, prcd-PRA, only accounts for a small proportion of PRA cases in the Golden Retriever (GR) breed. Using genome-wide association with 27 cases and 19 controls we identified a novel PRA locus on CFA37 (p(raw) = 1.94×10(-10), p(genome) = 1.0×10(-5)), where a 644 kb region was homozygous within cases. A frameshift mutation was identified in a solute carrier anion exchanger gene (SLC4A3) located within this region. This variant was present in 56% of PRA cases and 87% of obligate carriers, and displayed a recessive mode of inheritance with full penetrance within those lineages in which it segregated. Allele frequencies are approximately 4% in the UK, 6% in Sweden and 2% in France, but the variant has not been found in GRs from the US. A large proportion of cases (approximately 44%) remain unexplained, indicating that PRA in this breed is genetically heterogeneous and caused by at least three mutations. SLC4A3 is important for retinal function and has not previously been associated with spontaneously occurring retinal degenerations in any other species, including humans.
Hypoglycaemic Activity of Dioscoretine from Tubers of<i>Dioscorea dumetorum</i>in Normal and Alloxan Diabetic Rabbits (1990)

Dioscoretine isolated from the aqueous fraction of the methanol extract of Dioscorea dumetorum tubers when administered intra-peritoneally to normal and alloxan diabetic rabbits produces significant hypoglycaemic effects at a dose of 20 mg/kg. The fasting blood sugar in normoglycaemic rabbits was reduced from 112 mg/100 ml to 55 mg/100 ml after 4 hours. In alloxan diabetic rabbits, the blood sugar was lowered from 520 mg/100 ml to 286 mg/100 ml at the same time interval. The aqueous fraction of the methanol extract produced comparable effects at 100 mg/kg. The chloroform fraction of the same extract raised the fasting blood sugar of normal rabbits to 196 mg/100 ml after 6 h. The acute toxicity studies gave LD50 values of 1.4 g/kg for the aqueous fraction and 0.58 g/kg for dioscoretine when tested on mice. The hypoglycaemic effects were compared to those of tolbutamide.
Novel duplex vapor-electrochemical method for silicon solar cells. Final report, June 1976-February 1980 (1980)

A process has been developed for the economic production of high purity Si from inexpensive reactants, based on the Na reduction of SiF/sub 4/ gas. The products of reaction (NaF, Si) are separated by either aqueous leaching or by direct melting of the NaF-Si product mixture. Impurities known to degrade solar cell performance are all present at sufficiently low concentrations so that melt solidificaton (e.g., Czochralski) will provide a silicon material suitable for solar cells.
Expression cloning of the <i>Candida albicans CSA1</i> gene encoding a mycelial surface antigen by sorting of <i>Saccharomyces cerevisiae</i> transformants with monoclonal antibody‐coated magnetic beads (2000)

The mycelial surface antigen recognized by monoclonal antibody (mAb) 4E1 has previously been shown to be present predominantly in the terminal third of the hyphal structures in Candida albicans. We report here the expression cloning of the corresponding gene (CSA1 ) by mAb 4E1-coated magnetic beads sorting of Saccharomyces cerevisiae transformants expressing a C. albicans genomic library. The strategy is both highly selective and highly sensitive and provides an additional genetic tool for the cloning and characterization of C. albicans genes encoding surface proteins. CSA1 is an intronless gene encoding a 1203-residue protein composed of repetitive motifs and domains. Northern analysis indicates that CSA1 is preferentially expressed during the mycelial growth phase, although a low level of CSA1 mRNA can be detected in the yeast form. As evidenced by indirect immunofluorescence microscopy with mAb 4E1, Csa1p is not randomly distributed over the surface of yeast cells, but localizes predominantly in the growing buds. This suggests that the distribution of Csa1p may be restricted to sites of cell surface elongation. Both heterozygous and homozygous C. albicans csa1Delta mutants are viable. Upon induction of mycelial growth, the number and size of hyphal structures derived from the mutants are similar to those observed in the parental wild-type strain. The physiological role of Csa1p has yet to be determined. However, the presence in Csa1p of repeated cysteine-rich hydrophobic domains with significant sequence similarity to motifs found in surface proteins (Ag2 and Pth11) from two distantly related fungal pathogens (Coccidioides immitis and Magnaporthe grisea respectively) suggests a common function in host interaction.
Conformal SCMR system with Multiple Resonators (2015)

Wireless power transfer via Multiple Resonators in Conformal Strongly Coupled Magnetic Resonance (CSCMR) method is presented and studied in this paper. Instead of using a single loop for resonator (as done in traditional SCMR), an optimal design with multiple-loops is introduced. The proposed design achieves lower operating frequency (30% lower than the frequency of same size standard CSCMR), extended wireless power transfer (WPT) range (20% additional range) and higher WPT efficiency.
Topology-based Proactive Network Protection in Large-scale Failure Scenarios (2014)

Natural disasters are among the main causes of large-scale failure scenarios. The dynamic behaviour of natural disasters and their probabilistic failure pattern indicates a need for a dynamic probabilistic protection approach to address the issue and reduce the number of disrupted connections in the network. Appropriate data protection against a time-varying destructive phenomenon serves to prevent damage before it occurs. In this case, the endangered route should be detected and the data passing through should be rerouted through more reliable paths prior to failure. The high-risk paths can be detected based on the decision parameters in the dynamic preventive approach. In this article, we develop a new method to improve the assignment procedure of decision factors in preventive protection models using network topological properties and links failure probability. The proposed decision parameters are adaptive with the network conditions and updateable while the disaster spreads through the region. The adaptive characteristic of the rerouting decision parameter will enhance network efficiency and facilitate network management.
A non-uniform helical antenna for dual-band cellular phones (2002)

A new nonuniform helical dual band antenna was presented. The antenna can be tuned to different frequency bands. An example of an antenna tuned to GSM (900 MHz) and DCS (1800 MHz) bands is presented. This antenna is used in Ericsson T18 and T10 mobile handsets. The performance of the real antenna is presented as well as the results of the computer simulations with a software package based on the finite element method. The simulated results agree well with the reality.