gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
EPIDEMIOLOGICAL, CLINICAL AND MORPHOLOGICAL FEATURES OF PANCREATIC HEAD LESIONS IN BACKGROUND OF CHRONIC OPISTHORCHIASIS (2020)

In this retrospective study basic morphologic, clinical and epidemiological features of pancreatic head lesions in patients with and without concomitant chronic opisthorchiasis are compared. The analysis of 63 consecutive pancreaticoduodenectomies performed at out low-volume center from 2007 to 2019 revealed increased rate of opisthorchiasis being present simultaneously with neoplastic and benign pancreatic head lesions in rural population which is due to dietary habits of suburbanite. Active cholangitis in comorbid patients was seen 13,6 times more often when compared with “pure” lesion. Daily amount of bile (in patients with biliary drainage tubes) was on average 105 ml more in the group of patients with chronic opisthorchiasis. Surprisingly, we didn’t observe some morphologic features we expected in Opisthorchis felineus group. The rates of hard pancreatic stumps and wide pancreatic ducts were equal in both group of patients. However, further studies should reveal, if O. felineus is independent risk factor for biliary and/or pancreatic fi stula.
Differences between Tissue-Associated Intestinal Microfloras of Patients with Crohn's Disease and Ulcerative Colitis (2006)

A leading hypothesis for the role of bacteria in inflammatory bowel diseases is that an imbalance in normal gut flora is a prerequisite for inflammation. Testing this hypothesis requires comparisons between the microbiota compositions of ulcerative colitis and Crohn's disease patients and those of healthy individuals. In this study, we obtained biopsy samples from patients with Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis and from healthy controls. Bacterial DNA was extracted from the tissue samples, amplified using universal bacterial 16S rRNA gene primers, and cloned into a plasmid vector. Insert-containing colonies were picked for high-throughput sequencing, and sequence data were analyzed, yielding species-level phylogenetic data. The clone libraries yielded 3,305 sequenced clones, representing 151 operational taxonomical units. There was no significant difference between floras from inflamed and healthy tissues from within the same individual. Proteobacteria were significantly (P = 0.0007) increased in Crohn's disease patients, as were Bacteroidetes (P < 0.0001), while Clostridia were decreased in that group (P < 0.0001) in comparison with the healthy and ulcerative colitis groups, which displayed no significant differences. Thus, the bacterial flora composition of Crohn's patients appears to be significantly altered from that of healthy controls, unlike that of ulcerative colitis patients. Imbalance in flora in Crohn's disease is probably not sufficient to cause inflammation, since microbiotas from inflamed and noninflamed tissues were of similar compositions within the same individual.
A Real-Time Monte Carlo Implementation for Computing Probability of Conflict (2004)

*† ‡ § In this paper, we present a method for computing the Probability of Conflict, PC, using a fast Monte Carlo implementation. Often, Monte Carlo simulations are associated with offline analysis or verification, and are thought of as too slow for real-time usage. However, we describe an implementation that allows for fast computation and can be used in certain online applications. Examples are given for aircraft and automobile conflict detection. Both pseudo-code and Matlab code are provided to help explain and disseminate the approach.
Comparison of core oestrogen receptor (ER) assay with excised tumour: intratumoral distribution of ER in breast carcinoma (2001)

ER estimation in core biopsies correlated well with expression in tumours but ER expression was higher in the core biopsies than in the excised tumours. ER expression was higher at the periphery of tumours than at the centre. The higher ER expression in cores may reflect the higher chance of sampling the peripheral part of a tumour using a needle core.
Effectiveness of Professionally-Applied Silver Diamine Fluoride in Arresting Dental Caries. (2016)

The purpose of Linking Research to Clinical Practice is to present evidence based information to clinical dental hygienists so that they can make informed decisions regarding patient treatment and recommendations. Each issue will feature a different topic area of importance to clinical dental hygienists with A BOTTOM LINE to translate the research findings into clinical application.
PECVD of doped and intrinsic a-Si:H layers for solar cell structures using a (novel) inline deposition system (2005)

Industrial PECVD applications for solar cells require high deposition rates over large areas with film thickness uniformity better than 10%. By increasing the excitation frequency from the commonly used 13.56 MHz up to the VHF range, amorphous and microcrystalline silicon films exhibit high growth rates with quite presentable photoelectric properties. On the other hand, the increase of both the plasma frequency and processing area using a conventional PECVD system requires the application of an expensive technology to reduce a) the non-uniformity of the deposition rates and b) power losses within the power feeding system. In this paper we show, that by using a VHF linear plasma source in combination with moving substrates and an optimized power coupling system, the problems regarding power feeding and uniformity of a-Si:H film thickness on a 30 cm /spl times/ 30 cm sample area can be controlled.
Thin Film Batteries with Li3PO4 Solid Electrolyte Fabricated by Pulsed Laser Deposition (2009)

High-quality Li3PO4 thin film was prepared by PLD technique as a solid electrolyte of thin film battery. The structure, ionic conductivity and electrochemical stability of the film were characterized. Ionic conductivity of the film was 4.5×10-7 Scm-1 at 25{degree sign}C with activation energy of 0.6 eV. The stability window of the film was range from 0 to 4.7 V vs. Li/Li+. Thin film battery Li/Li3PO4/LiCoO2 shows electrochemical charge/discharge peaks due to the intercalation of LiCoO2. Excellent stability and cycle performance was demonstrated.
Why Do Woodpeckers Resist Head Impact Injury: A Biomechanical Investigation (2011)

Head injury is a leading cause of morbidity and death in both industrialized and developing countries. It is estimated that brain injuries account for 15% of the burden of fatalities and disabilities, and represent the leading cause of death in young adults. Brain injury may be caused by an impact or a sudden change in the linear and/or angular velocity of the head. However, the woodpecker does not experience any head injury at the high speed of 6-7 m/s with a deceleration of 1000 g when it drums a tree trunk. It is still not known how woodpeckers protect their brain from impact injury. In order to investigate this, two synchronous high-speed video systems were used to observe the pecking process, and the force sensor was used to measure the peck force. The mechanical properties and macro/micro morphological structure in woodpecker's head were investigated using a mechanical testing system and micro-CT scanning. Finite element (FE) models of the woodpecker's head were established to study the dynamic intracranial responses. The result showed that macro/micro morphology of cranial bone and beak can be recognized as a major contributor to non-impact-injuries. This biomechanical analysis makes it possible to visualize events during woodpecker pecking and may inspire new approaches to prevention and treatment of human head injury.
Estimation of test metrics for AMS/RF BIST using copulas (2008)

A new technique for the evaluation of analogue and mixed-signal (AMS)/RF BIST techniques at the design stage is considered in this paper. This requires the evaluation of costs such as area overhead, performance degradation of the circuit under test (CUT), and test metrics such as additional yield loss and defect level of the BIST approach. The evaluation of test metrics is a difficult task that requires adequate modelling of the CUT failure modes. These can be due to catastrophic and parametric faults due to the presence of defects, and process deviations. The evaluation of test metrics under the presence of single catastrophic and parametric faults requires proper fault models and has been considered in the past. However, the estimation of test metrics for the case of multiple parametric deviations and process deviations is very difficult to handle. There are no fault models for this and the estimation must be based on the generation of a large population of instances of the CUT. This requires a statistical model of the links between performances and test measurements. In this paper, we present a method to estimate test metrics under process deviations based on the use of Copulas. The method allows the generation of a large population of circuits having the same joint cumulative density function (CDF) than an existing small circuit population. Test metrics can be directly calculated from this large population of circuits. This approach is very fast and accurate since it takes into account all dependencies between performances and test measurements. The method will be illustrated for the evaluation of a BIST technique for an LNA and compared with past approaches.
Early Onset Alzheimer’s Disease and Oxidative Stress (2014)

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common cause of dementia in elderly adults. It is estimated that 10% of the world's population aged more than 60-65 years could currently be affected by AD, and that in the next 20 years, there could be more than 30 million people affected by this pathology. One of the great challenges in this regard is that AD is not just a scientific problem; it is associated with major psychosocial and ethical dilemmas and has a negative impact on national economies. The neurodegenerative process that occurs in AD involves a specific nervous cell dysfunction, which leads to neuronal death. Mutations in APP, PS1, and PS2 genes are causes for early onset AD. Several animal models have demonstrated that alterations in these proteins are able to induce oxidative damage, which in turn favors the development of AD. This paper provides a review of many, although not all, of the mutations present in patients with familial Alzheimer's disease and the association between some of these mutations with both oxidative damage and the development of the pathology.
Conclusion (2011)

The revolutionary and Napoleonic wars, by their scale and duration, by their geographical extent and sheer massiveness, and by the technical and strategic transformations they ushered in, mark a major stage in the evolution of western warfare. Their contribution to this process of change and to the birth of ‘total war’ has been demonstrated here by the appearance of several factors: the trend to massive battles, the formation of an army of citizen soldiers, the ideological dimension taken by the conflict, the perception of the enemy as forged by patriotic sentiment and ideology, and the far-reaching impact of the war on civilian society.
Role of type 1 pili and effects of phase variation on lower urinary tract infections produced by Escherichia coli (1985)

Phase variation of type 1 pili (fimbriae) was studied during the in vivo growth of Escherichia coli in two animal models. In the first, a heavily piliated urinary tract isolate (strain 149) was placed in 1-cm polypropylene chambers sealed with 0.22-micron-pore-size filters. The chambers were surgically implanted intraperitoneally in mice and recovered at various times. Piliation, as determined by electron microscopy and by measuring the minimum number of bacteria needed to produce mannose-sensitive hemagglutination, gradually decreased, and by day 5, most of the organisms were nonpiliated. In the second model, piliated and nonpiliated E. coli phase variants were inoculated into the bladders of BALB/c mice via urinary catheters, and their fate in the lower urinary tract was studied. Viable counts of bladder homogenates revealed that piliated phase variants were significantly more effective in colonizing the bladder urothelium than were their nonpiliated counterparts. Specific antibody to type 1 pili prevented colonization by the piliated organisms. After inoculation of piliated variants, the bladder-associated bacteria gave rise to approximately 80% mannose-sensitive hemagglutination-positive colonies, and immunocytochemistry of bladder lavages revealed large numbers of type 1 piliated bacteria adhering to the bladder transitional cells. Electron microscopy confirmed the presence of piliated bacteria in association with the bladder urothelium. The urine of these mice, whose bladders were colonized with piliated bacteria, frequently showed no growth, and when bacteria were present, strain 149 yielded less than 30% hemagglutination-positive colonies. The results suggest that for some E. coli strains, phase variation may be a factor in determining the fate of the E. coli in the urinary tract and that the urine may not necessarily reflect the bacteriologic state of the bladder mucosa.
Understanding Signal and Background in a Thermally Resolved, Single-Branched DNA Assay Using Square Wave Voltammetry (2018)

Electrochemical bioanalytical sensors with oligonucleotide transducer molecules have been recently extended for quantifying a wide range of biomolecules, from small drugs to large proteins. Short DNA or RNA strands have gained attention recently due to the existence of circulating oligonucleotides in human blood, yet challenges remain for adequately sensing these targets at electrode surfaces. In this work, we have developed a quantitative electrochemical method which uses target-induced proximity of a single-branched DNA structure to drive hybridization at an electrode surface, with readout by square-wave voltammetry (SWV). Using custom instrumentation, we first show that precise control of temperature can provide both electrochemical signal amplification and background signal depreciation in SWV readout of small oligonucleotides. Next, we thoroughly compared 25 different combinations of binding energies by their signal-to-background ratios and differences. These data served as a guide to select the optimal parameters of binding energy, SWV frequency, and assay temperature. Finally, the influence of experimental workflow on the sensitivity and limit of detection (LOD) of the sensor is demonstrated. This study highlights the importance of precisely controlling temperature and SWV frequency in DNA-driven assays on electrode surfaces while also presenting a novel instrumental design for fine-tuning of such systems.
Bayesian computational methods (2016)

If, in the mid 1980’s, one had asked the average statistician about the diffi-culties of using Bayesian Statistics, the most likely answer would have been “Well, there is this problem of selecting a prior distribution and then, even if one agrees on the prior, the whole Bayesian inference is simply impossi-
Cationic Fullerene Aggregates with Unprecedented Virus Photoinactivation Efficiencies in Water (2014)

Of the many fullerene derivatives that have been examined, cationic functionalization has proven to be most promising for aqueous or biological applications. Until recently, however, no cationic colloidal fullerene aggregates in the nanosize regime have been characterized in the aqueous phase. The results presented here represent the most rapid and efficient, to the best of our knowledge, viral inactivation reported for any colloidal fullerene aggregates. Tris-adducted fulleropyrrolidinium aggregates are prepared and analyzed for concentration-dependent singlet oxygen (1O2) production and MS2 bacteriophage inactivation. Experiments are performed under visible, UVA, and sunlight irradiation with the addition of natural organic matter (NOM) to simulate environmental conditions. Viral inactivation was observed at sensitizer concentrations in the nanomolar range. A 5-log inactivation of MS2 was observed after 4 or 1 min of sunlight exposure with 250 nM fullerenes with or without NOM, respectively. The environmental implications of these results are discussed in the context of previously reported 1O2-mediated MS2 inactivation.
Application of Master Data Classification Model in Enterprises (2020)

Master data construction is at the core of the enterprise information strategy, and it is the collection place of data to ensure the consistency and uniqueness of the target system data. In this paper, the identification indicators are determined from the characteristics of master data. The indicator weight is based on the business importance, so as to construct the master data identification score system. According to the data survey and census results, identify the master data and clarify the scope of master data attributes, and finally build the business owner master data model, which lay a good foundation for later data governance.
Restoring trust: the art of gestures in dispute resolution (2001)

Extract:In both mediation and conciliation the parties in dispute will often maintain a relationship despite the dispute, not by choice but by necessity. These include expartners who have continuing parental responsibilities, business operators and their financial institution, and a person with a disability and the agency that provides their personal care. In these circumstances depleted trust may impede coming to the table to discuss the dispute as well as reaching agreement and resolution.
Data-driven animation of hand-object interactions (2011)

Animating hand-object interactions is a frequent task in applications such as the production of 3d movies. Unfortunately this task is difficult due to the hand's many degrees of freedom and the constraints on the hand motion imposed by the geometry of the object. However, the causality between the object state and the hand's pose can be exploited in order to simplify the animation process. In this paper, we present a method that takes an animation of an object as input and automatically generates the corresponding hand motion. This approach is based on the simple observation that objects are easier to animate than hands, since they usually have fewer degrees of freedom. The method is data-driven; sequences of hands manipulating an object are captured semi-automatically with a structured-light setup. The training data is then combined with a new animation of the object in order to generate a plausible animation featuring the hand-object interaction.
Polar Mesospheric Clouds Particle Size retrieved from GOMOS / ENVISAT Observations (2023)

GOMOS (Global Ozone Monitoring by Occultation of Stars) is a stellar occultation instrument, combining four spectrometers and two fast photometers, that flew on board the European platform ENVISAT from 2002 to 2012. Polar mesospheric clouds (PMCs), that form during summer in the polar upper mesosphere, could be detected using the photometers' signals. Their main properties (occurrence frequency, peak altitude, radiance) have been retrieved from 2002 to 2010, leading to a 16-summer (in both hemispheres) database of more than 21000 clouds. PMCs are very sensitive to changes in their environment. That makes them important tracers for the complex mechanisms that control the summer mesopause region. A better understanding of the microphysical processes going on in this atmospheric region is essential in order to model of their growth, their transport mechanisms and their lifetime. To that purpose, the particle size distribution is an important parameter. This presentation will be focused on PMC particle sizes retrieved from GOMOS spectral observations in the northern hemisphere. The retrieval method will be explained, and results based on the obtained 8-year dataset will be described and compared to PMC particle sizes derived from the measurements of other instruments.
Degradation and enhancement of the fatigue behavior of glass/graphite/epoxy hybrid composites after accelerated aging (1978)

Abstract The tensile fatigue characteristics of graphite/glass/epoxy hybrid composites were investigated before and after exposure to various high humidity environments. Accelerated aging treatments of 98 percent RH and 120°F were applied both continuously for 500 and 1000 h and coupled with a 350°F thermal shock after −67°F low temperature exposure. This latter thermohumidity cycle was applied for 500 h total exposure time. Cyclic loading tests showed that degradation due to the moisture and thermohumidity conditioning treatments was in‐most cases small. Some bereficial behavior of the humidity exposure was also noted. The hybrid fatigue characteristics both before and after exposure were a blend of the nearly flat advanced fiber composite S‐N behavior and the highly curved glass fiber composite S‐N behavior. This was attributed to a mixture of failure modes for the hybrid system.
Optimization of Antibacterial Properties of “Hybrid” Metal-Sputtered Superhydrophobic Surfaces (2019)

Bacterial attachment and colonization to hygiene sensitive surfaces, both public and nosocomial, as well as in food industry areas, poses a serious problem to human healthcare. Several infection incidents are reported, while bacterial resistance to antibiotics is increasing. Recently, novel techniques for the design of antibacterial surfaces to limit bacterial spreading have emerged, including bifunctional antibacterial surfaces with antifouling and bactericidal action. In this context, we have recently developed smart, universal, metal-sputtered superhydrophobic surfaces, demonstrating both bacterial repulsion and killing efficacy. Herein, we present the optimization process that led to the realization of these “hybrid” antibacterial surfaces. To this end, two bactericidal agents, silver and copper, were tested for their efficiency against Gram-negative bacteria, with copper showing a stronger bactericidal action. In addition, between two low surface energy coatings, the fluorinated-alkyl self-assembled chlorosilane layer from perfluorinated octyltrichlorosilane (pFOTS) solution and the fluorocarbon layer from octafluorocyclobutane (C4F8) plasma were both approved for their anti-adhesive properties after immersion in bacterial solution. However, the latter was found to be more efficient when engrafted with the bactericidal agent in shielding its killing performance. Furthermore, the thickness of the plasma-deposited fluorocarbon layer was optimized, in order to simultaneously retain both the superhydrophobicity of the surface and its long-term bactericidal activity.
The potential, electric field and surface charges for a resistive long straight strip carrying a steady current (2003)

We consider a long resistive straight strip carrying a constant current and calculate the potential and electric field everywhere in space and the density of surface charges along the strip. We compare these calculations with experimental results.
Research on Fatigue Properties on Two Kinds of New Developed Zirconium Alloys (2005)

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