gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Closed-form quality measures for compressed medical images: statistical preliminaries for transform coding (2004)

As digital imaging technology advances, the amount of image data we generate increases and the need for compressed images becomes apparent. Because lossy compression will yield higher compression ratios than lossless methods, objective assessment metrics of reconstructed image quality are needed. In medical applications, model observers, especially the channelized Hotelling observer, have been successfully used to predict human observer performance and to evaluate image quality for detection tasks on various backgrounds. To use model observers, however, requires knowledge of noise statistics. This paper finds closed-form expressions for the noise induced by transform coding, one of the most commonly used methods for image compression. Knowledge of the noise enables us to study the effect of image compression on the clinical utility of medical images that have been reconstructed after being compressed using transform coding. In this paper, by analyzing image compression procedures, we propose a block-based transform coding representation in 1-D form, identify the quantization noise as the sole distortion source in transform coding, and derive the compression noise statistics. We show that the probability density function (pdf) of the compression noise is defined as a function of the transform matrix and its corresponding quantization matrix in the transform coding algorithm. We prove that the compression noise is a normal distribution when the dimension of the transform (the block size) is typical. We also provide the pdf of JPEG compression noise as a function of the quantization table and the DCT transform bases. This work provides the theoretical foundation for using the model observers in closed mathematical form, and can be applied to other image compression application areas that require the statistics of compression noise as well.
Nightly Treatment of Primary Insomnia With Eszopiclone for Six Months: Effect on Sleep, Quality of Life, and Work Limitations (2007)

This is the first placebo-controlled investigation to demonstrate that long-term nightly pharmacologic treatment of primary insomnia with any hypnotic enhanced quality of life, reduced work limitations, and reduced global insomnia severity, in addition to improving patient-reported sleep variables.
Noise whitening in airborne wind profiling with a pulsed 2-micron coherent doppler lidar at NASA Langley Research Center (2012)

Two different noise whitening methods in airborne wind profiling with a pulsed 2-micron coherent Doppler lidar system at NASA Langley Research Center in Virginia are presented. In order to provide accurate wind parameter estimates from the airborne lidar data acquired during the NASA Genesis and Rapid Intensification Processes (GRIP) campaign in 2010, the adverse effects of background instrument noise must be compensated properly in the early stage of data processing. The results of the two methods are presented using selected GRIP data and compared with the dropsonde data for verification purposes.
A novel system for mild hypothermia. (2004)

Mild hypothermia has been shown to provide protective effects in patients with ischemia (e.g. acute stroke and heart attack), but traditional methods for inducing, maintaining, and reversing hypothermia are slow, difficult to administer and control, and uncomfortable for patients. An innovative method produces mild, wholebody hypothermia (32 degrees C to 34 degrees C) by use of an endovascular heat exchanger placed into the inferior vena cava. A closed-loop system accurately changes core body temperature with average cool-down rates of 4.8 degrees C per hour, tight-target temperature control of +/- 0.1 degree C, and average rewarm rates of 1.9 degrees C per hour. By enhancing the mixing of blood in the vicinity of the heat exchanger, the disposable, small-diameter catheter efficiently exchanges heat between the closed-loop circulating fluid and the blood stream in response to body temperature. A control algorithm adapts to body physiology and thermal mass to mitigate temperature excursions. Flexible, bellow-shaped segments along the length of the catheter allow precise maneuvering within blood vessels. Heparin, covalently bonded to the catheter, helps control thrombogenicity. This novel design has potential clinical applications in cerebrovascular surgery, acute stroke, acute myocardial infarction, cardiac arrest, and fever control.
42.8 Gb/s ASK homodyne receiver using standard DFB lasers (2009)

Optical synchronous coherent detection is attracting greater attention within the defense and security community because it allows linear recovery both of the amplitude and phase of optical signals. Fiber-based transmission impairments such as chromatic dispersion and polarization mode dispersion can be compensated in the electrical domain. Additionally, synchronous detection offers the potential of improved receiver sensitivity and extended reach versus direct or interferometric detection schemes. 28 Gbaud/112 Gb/s and 42.8 Gbaud transmissions are now being considered in fiber networks worldwide. Due to the lack of broadband high frequency components centered at IF values of 56 GHz and 86 GHz, respectively, the coherent heterodyne approach is not viable for these baud rates. The homodyne approach remains one of the choices available to fully exploit the advantages of synchronous coherent detection at these transmission data rates. In order to implement the homodyne receiver, optical phase locking between the signal and local oscillator laser (LO) is required. Digital approaches for this task rely upon very complex, fast, and high power-consumption chips. A homodyne receiver using an analog approach for phase locking would allow for increased system simplicity at a lower cost. Use of commercial-off-the-shelf (COTS) DFB lasers embedded within the receiver would also increase system feasibility for defense applications. We demonstrate synchronous demodulation of a 42.8 Gbaud signal using an analog optical phase-locked loop. The homodyne system was optimized to use COTS DFB lasers having an aggregate linewidth of ~2 MHz. We also analyze the impact of uncompensated phase noise on receiver performance.
Design, Synthesis, and X-ray Structure of Substituted Bis-tetrahydrofuran (Bis-THF)-Derived Potent HIV-1 Protease Inhibitors (2011)

We investigated substituted bis-THF-derived HIV-1 protease inhibitors in order to enhance ligand-binding site interactions in the HIV-1 protease active site. In this context, we have carried out convenient syntheses of optically active bis-THF and C4-substituted bis-THF ligands using a [2,3]-sigmatropic rearrangement as the key step. The synthesis provided convenient access to a number of substituted bis-THF derivatives. Incorporation of these ligands led to a series of potent HIV-1 protease inhibitors. Inhibitor 23c turned out to be the most potent (K(i) = 2.9 pM; IC(50) = 2.4 nM) among the inhibitors. An X-ray structure of 23c-bound HIV-1 protease showed extensive interactions of the inhibitor with the protease active site, including a unique water-mediated hydrogen bond to the Gly-48 amide NH in the S2 site.
Siloxane-Modified Polyarylene Carbonates (1980)

Polycarbonates and, in particular, the polycarbonate derived from bisphenol A, are useful as transparent and impact-resistant structural plastics (1). However, further modification of the arylene carbonate backbone by incorporation of siloxane segments has been of interest and has been investigated by a number of workers during the last decade. The main objective of such modification has been to decrease the glass-transition temperature of the polycarbonate and thereby obtain transparent elastomeric polymers. Such macromolecules are hybrids between arylene carbonate and siloxane polymers. Two main types of hybrid arylene carbonate-siloxane polymers were obtained in these investigations: (a) block copolymers with backbones comprised of arylene carbonate and siloxane blocks, and (b) alternating homopolymers, I, the backbones of which consisted of regularly alternating siloxanylene and arylene carbonate segments. While the length of the blocks in the block copolymers investigated varied within the given copolymer and usually contained several tens or hundreds of Si and
Prestack rank‐reducing noise suppression: Theory (2009)

Prestack random‐noise suppression is an important but inadequately solved problem in land seismic processing. Two previously described techniques ‐ eigenimage and Cadzow filtering ‐ both use matrix‐rank reduction on constant‐frequency slices. These can be combined into a novel hybrid method with properties from both, forming a general class of noise suppressors that is powerful, versatile, and can be applied in any number of spatial dimensions. These methods can be shown to handle dipping data, irregularly spaced shots, AVO effects, and statics. A companion paper in this conference shows how to apply these techniques to prestack data and gives examples.
Auralization of Signal Distortion in Audio Systems, Part 1: Generic Modeling (2013)

Auralization techniques are developed for generating a virtual output signal of an audio system where the different kinds of signal distortion are separately enhanced or attenuated to evaluate the impact on sound quality by systematic listening or perceptive modeling. The generation of linear, regular nonlinear and irregular nonlinear distortion components is discussed to select suitable models and measurements for the auralization of each component. New methods are presented for the auralization of irregular distortion generated by defects (e.g. rub &amp; buzz) where no physical models are available. The auralization of signal distortion is a powerful tool for defining the target performance of an audio product in marketing, developing products at optimal performance-cost ratio and for ensuring sufficient quality in manufacturing. 1
Load Modulated RF Amplifiers for Wireless Communications (2020)

This paper presents an overview of load modulation as an efficiency enhancement technique for radio frequency (RF) power amplifiers (PAs). A generalization of active load modulation is used to analyze different efficiency enhancement architectures such as the Doherty PA and the outphasing amplifier, providing qualitative insight of the techniques. Solutions to the challenges presented in load modulation PA design such as linearity, RF, baseband bandwidth and back-off efficiency enhancement are discussed through examples from the state-of-the art.
Running Head: Scaled P300 Scalp Profiles in Detection of Deception (2002)

The aim of this proof-of-concept study was to determine the effects of three-month Metformin therapy on the expression of tumor-regulatory genes (p53, cyclin D2 and BCL-2) in the endometrium of women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). A total of 40 women, aged between 21 and 45 years with PCOS (Rotterdam criteria) were recruited. The participants were assessed at pre- and 3-month-post-Metformin therapy for the menstrual regularities, weight reduction, Ferriman Galway scores, fasting blood glucose (FBG), total cholesterol, LDL, HDL and p53, BCL-2 and cyclin D2 gene expression. Five participants conceived spontaneously after the initial recruitment. Majority (68%) resumed regular menstrual cycles after Metformin. There were significant reduction in BMI (p = 0.001), weight (p = 0.001) and Ferriman Galway scores (p = 0.001). A significant improvement was seen in mean FBG (p = 0.002), total cholesterol (p = 0.001), LDL (p = 0.003) and HDL cholesterol levels (p = 0.015). Tumor suppressor gene (p53) was significantly up-regulated after Metformin (10 out of 14 women), with p value 0.016. BCL-2 and cyclin D2 (oncogenes) were slightly up-regulated without significant difference (p = 0.119 and 0.155, respectively). In conclusion, Metformin therapy improved clinical and metabolic parameters in women with PCOS and up-regulated p53 tumor suppressor gene significantly. Further studies are however required to independently validate our findings.
Transparent conducting electrodes for efficient near-field thermophotovoltaics (2017)

Doped semiconductors, conducting oxides and graphene are compared as transparent front electrodes for resonant near-field thin-film TPV cells, with resulting efficiencies up to 54% at 2100°K thermal-emitter temperature and >20W/cm2 load power-density.
Rapid development of a DNA vaccine for Zika virus (2016)

Zika virus (ZIKV) was identified as a cause of congenital disease during the explosive outbreak in the Americas and Caribbean that began in 2015. Because of the ongoing fetal risk from endemic disease and travel-related exposures, a vaccine to prevent viremia in women of childbearing age and their partners is imperative. We found that vaccination with DNA expressing the premembrane and envelope proteins of ZIKV was immunogenic in mice and nonhuman primates, and protection against viremia after ZIKV challenge correlated with serum neutralizing activity. These data not only indicate that DNA vaccination could be a successful approach to protect against ZIKV infection, but also suggest a protective threshold of vaccine-induced neutralizing activity that prevents viremia after acute infection.
Treatment of Renal Failure Associated with Multiple Myeloma and Other Diseases by PACAP‐38 (2006)

Myeloma kidney injury is caused by the large amount of light chain (LC) of immunoglobulins produced by cancerous plasma cells through stimulation of proinflamatory cytokines like TNF-alpha and IL-6. PACAP-38 suppressed LC-stimulated cytokine production by tubular epithelial cells in vitro and in vivo, and prevented injury of these epithelial cells. The suppressive effect is comparable or greater than dexamethasone (dex). Although dex produces adverse side effects when it is given for a long time period, PACAP-38 is a natural and safe neuropeptide and no adverse effect has been reported when administered to produce significant biological effects. Furthermore, PACAP-38 suppressed growth of myeloma cells in culture and also suppressed production of their growth factor, IL-6, production from the bone marrow stromal cells that was stimulated by adhesion of myeloma cells. These findings render PACAP-38 worth evaluation as a safe and potent renoprotectant in myeloma kidney as well as a new antitumor agent for myeloma cells.
Improved electroluminescence of spark-processed silicon by an aerosol-assisted technique (2003)

The electroluminescence (EL) intensity (radiant flux) of spark-processed (sp) Si has been improved by one order of magnitude by introducing into the spark plasma an intimately mixed methanol/silicon particle suspension. This results in a smoother surface and an increased contact area to the semitransparent silver layer. As a consequence the light emitting region is substantially enhanced. Further, the device current increases by aerosol-assisted spark processing compared to conventional sp techniques. The EL spectra of sp-Si display maxima near 750 nm (1.7 eV) and 660 nm (1.9 eV) and a threshold wavelength for light emission at about 360 nm (3.2 eV). A mechanism for sp-induced EL of Si is proposed.
Accuracy and hearability of mobile positioning in GSM and CDMA networks (2002)

We investigate the problems encountered in mobile position locating (PL) in cellular networks. The two main problems are the inaccuracy of the estimated position and the hearability of the PL terminal, i.e., the ability to receive sufficient signals from at least 3 base stations (BS) to estimate its position. Our work is based on the downlink time difference of arrival (TDOA) positioning technique proposed for the LoCating Services (LCS) in GSM and wideband CDMA. We also study the effect of the non-line-of-sight (NLOS) link between the BS and mobile terminal (MT) on the accuracy of the estimated position. The idle period downlink (IPDL) scheme, proposed for the WCDMA network to mitigate the inaccuracy and hearability problems caused by interferences from other 'active' users or BS, is also addressed.
Chirped arrays of diode lasers for supermode control (1984)

We propose nonuniform structures of phase-locked diode lasers, which make it possible to discriminate efficiently against all the higher order array supermodes (lateral modes). In these nonuniform arrays, the effective mode index in each channel varies across the array. Consequently, the envelopes of the various supermodes, including the highest order one, differ significantly from each other. Thus, by proper tailoring of the gain distribution across the array, one can conveniently select the fundamental supermode. Such fundamental supermode oscillation is essential in order to obtain single lobe, diffraction limited beams and minimal spectral spread from phase-locked laser arrays.
Direct formation of ferrite films in wet process (1985)

We have prepared a polycrystalline Co-ferrite film by the electroless ferrite-plating technique of our invention [J. Appl. Phys. 55, 2614 (1984)] in an aqueous solution at 70 °C on substrates of organic compounds (polyethylene terephthalate, polymethyl methacrylate, polycarbonate, Teflon), a stainless steel, and a polyester fiber. We used no intermediate layer, which we needed previously to enhance the adhesion of the ferrite film to the surface. By exposing the organic substrates to an rf-excited air plasma, the wettability of the surface improved, which enhanced the adhesion of the film to the substrate. Here we have measured the adhesion by a cross-cut test. The plasma forms hydrophilic groups such as -OH and -COOH, which improve the wettability. The OH group adsorbs the metal ions in the reaction solution, initiating the ferrite film formation. The glass shows a strong adhesion to the film even when it is not exposed to the plasma, because the glass has the OH group on the surface inherently. The stainless steel does not enhance the adhesion by the plasma treatment because the plasma forms no OH group on the metal surface. The adhesion power higher than ∼10 kg/cm2 has been obtained between the Co-ferrite film and the glass (not plasma treated), the polyethylene terephthalate (plasma treated) and the Teflon (plasma treated).
Changes in the crystallization sequence upon sulfur addition in the <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mml:mrow><mml:msub><mml:mi>Zr</mml:mi><mml:mrow><mml:mn>52.5</mml:mn></mml:mrow></mml:msub><mml:msub><mml:mi>Cu</mml:mi><mml:mrow><mml:mn>17.9</mml:mn></mml:mrow></mml:msub><mml:msub><mml:mi>Ni</mml:mi><mml:mrow><mml:mn>14.6</mml:mn></mml:mrow></mml:msub><mml:msub><mml:mi>Al</mml:mi><mml:mn>10</mml:mn></mml:msub><mml:msub><mml:mi>Ti</mml:mi><mml:mn>5</mml:mn></mml:msub></mml:mrow></mml:math> bulk metallic glass-forming liquid revealed by <i>in situ</i> high-energy x-ray diffraction (2021)

Bulk metallic glasses (BMGs) surpass the strength of steels and possess the elasticity and formability of polymers. The key to obtain these properties is to conserve the amorphous structure of a metallic melt and avoid crystallization during processing. In this work, a change in the crystallization sequence in the widely used BMG ${\mathrm{Zr}}_{52.5}{\mathrm{Cu}}_{17.9}{\mathrm{Ni}}_{14.6}{\mathrm{Al}}_{10}{\mathrm{Ti}}_{5}$ (Vit105) upon the addition of sulfur (${\mathrm{Zr}}_{51.45}{\mathrm{Cu}}_{17.54}{\mathrm{Ni}}_{14.31}{\mathrm{Al}}_{9.8}{\mathrm{Ti}}_{4.9}{\mathrm{S}}_{2}$; Vit105 ${\mathrm{S}}_{2}$) is revealed by in situ high-energy x-ray diffraction, both upon heating from the glassy state and upon cooling from the liquid state during electrostatic levitation. This methodology proves to be a powerful tool to elucidate the complete crystallization behavior of complex BMG-forming liquids. The experiments show that the addition of sulfur changes the crystallization sequence and phases in a different manner upon cooling from the liquid state than upon heating from the glassy state. The thermal stability at low temperatures upon heating is increased, as the supercooled liquid region is extended from 60 to 77 K and the glass transition temperature increases from 671 to 692 K. However, the thermal stability is decreased upon cooling, causing a reduced glass-forming ability.
The trend of data path structures for data acquisition systems in positron emission tomography (2012)

Coincidence detection and the high event rates make data acquisition (DAQ) a challenge for Positron Emission Tomograpy (PET). The data path structures inside a DAQ system in PET have been changing with technological advancements in both communication devices and semiconductor based photo-detectors. Time-of-flight (TOF) detection capability or magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) compatibility place new requirements on the detection signal chain. In this paper, we describe the current trends in the data path structures for PET DAQ systems, which handle the PET signal processing chain from detector modules to the data acquisition PC for real-time data extraction. DAQ systems are quantitatively described by the event throughput, timing resolution, and energy resolution. Different readout multiplexing schemes, DAQ board interconnection schemes, and transmission protocols related data acquisition PC are covered. We will also discuss how new PET scanner technologies such as TOF and PET/MRI have introduced new requirements for PET DAQ systems. Furthermore, we explore how the advancements in communication devices, such as high-speed serial buses and optical transceivers, can be utilized for interconnections within the DAQ system.
Identification, <i>in Vitro</i> Activity and Mode of Action of Phosphoinositide-Dependent-1 Kinase Inhibitors as Antifungal Molecules (2011)

Although protein kinases have recently emerged as important drug targets, the anti-infective potential of protein kinase inhibitors has not been developed extensively. We identified the mammalian PDK1 inhibitor KP-372-1 as a potent antifungal molecule with activity against yeast and fungal biofilms using a screening strategy for protein kinase inhibitors that block the cell wall stress response in yeast. Genetic and biochemical studies indicate that KP-372-1 inhibits fungal PDK1 orthologs (Pkh kinases) as part of its mode of action and support a role for Pkh kinases in eisosome assembly. Two other structurally distinct molecules that inhibit PDK1, OSU-03012 and UCN-01, also have antifungal activity. Taken together, these data indicate that fungal PDK1 orthologs are promising targets for new antifungal drug development.
An uniformity algorithm for high-speed fixed-array printers (2014)

In this paper we propose an automated solution that compensates for CMYK inkjet printer output non-uniformities. The solution is applied to a printer employing fixed printhead arrays. The algorithm initially pre-processes scanned image of printed output to isolate the desired region of interest. The region of interest information is utilized to extract non-uniformities across the entire printed area. Finally, the algorithm concludes in a calibration step that enables compensation of the identified non-uniformities and provides the desired tonal target response.