gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Foam stability in the presence and absence of hydrocarbons: From bubble- to bulk-scale (2015)

One of the pioneering applications of foam is in enhanced oil recovery (EOR). A major stumbling-block to the success of foam application in EOR is the adverse influence of oil on foam stability. The objectives of the present work were to evaluate the effects of various surfactants and hydrocarbons with well-defined properties on foam stability. To do so, we have conducted a comprehensive series of experiments at bulk- and bubble-scale to investigate the foam stability of four surfactants in the absence and presence of three isoparaffins distinguished by their carbon chain length, density and viscosity. For the bulk foam stability experiments, foam was generated by sparging pure air into surfactant solution in a vertical cylindrical column. An automated camera was used to record the gradual decay of foam as a function of time. The results showed the significant impact of the type of the surfactant on foam stability. Besides, our results illustrated less stable foam in the presence of oil with less adverse impact on foam stability as oil viscosity and density increased. The limitation of the method used in the present study to quantify foam stability, i.e., measuring the decay of foam height over a certain period of time, which is a commonly used method in literature, is discussed here and an alternative approach is proposed to investigate foam stability at bubble-scale to supplement and improve understanding of the physical phenomena controlling foam stability.
New Paradigms in Cell Therapy (2018)

Perhaps the most important advance in the field of cell therapy for heart disease has been the recognition that all stem/progenitor cells (both adult and embryonic) fail to engraft in the heart to a significant extent and thus work via paracrine mechanisms. This fundamental advance has led to 4 new paradigms that are discussed in this review and that may importantly shape, or even revolutionize, the future of the field: (1) repeated cell therapy, (2) intravenous cell therapy, (3) immunomodulatory actions of cell therapy, and (4) new cell types. Because virtually all of our current knowledge of cell therapy is predicated on the effects of a single cell dose, the idea that the full therapeutic effects of a cell product require repeated doses is disruptive and has far-reaching implications. For example, inadequate dosing (single-dose protocols) may be responsible, at least in part, for the borderline or disappointing results obtained to date in clinical trials; furthermore, future studies (both preclinical and clinical) may need to incorporate repeated cell administrations. Another disruptive idea, supported by emerging preclinical and clinical evidence, is that intravenously injected cells can produce beneficial effects on the heart, presumably via release of paracrine factors in extracardiac organs or endocrine factors into the systemic circulation. Intravenous administration would obviate the need for direct delivery of cells to the heart, making cell therapy simpler, cheaper, safer, more scalable, and more broadly available, even on an outpatient basis. Although the mechanism of action of cell therapy remains elusive, there is compelling in vitro evidence that transplanted cells modulate the function of various immune cell types via release of paracrine factors, such as extracellular vesicles, although in vivo evidence is still limited. Investigation of the new paradigms reviewed herein should be a top priority because it may profoundly transform cell therapy and finally make it a reality.
Removing allosteric feedback inhibition of tomato 4‐coumarate:CoA ligase by directed evolution (2011)

Plant secondary metabolites, such as those derived from the phenylpropanoid pathway, have a beneficial effect on human health. Manipulation of metabolic flux in the phenylpropanoid pathway is important for achieving enhanced production of compounds such as anthocyanins, flavonoids and isoflavonoids. Here, we describe the development of a high-throughput molecular evolution approach that can be used for catalytic improvement of at least four key phenylpropanoid pathway enzymes, within the context of the metabolic pathway. This method uses yeast cells that express plant phenylpropanoid pathway enzymes, leading to formation of a colored intermediate that can be used as a readout in high-throughput screening. Here we report the identification of improved tomato peel 4-coumarate:CoA ligase variants using this approach. We found that the wild-type enzyme is strongly allosterically inhibited by naringenin, a downstream product of the pathway. Surprisingly, at least two of the improved variants are completely insensitive to feedback inhibition by naringenin. We suggest that this inhibition is exerted through a unique and previously unrecognized allosteric domain.
Researchers Test Strategies to Prevent Alzheimer Disease (2014)

A decade of disappointing clinical trial results for Alzheimer disease (AD)-modifying therapies in people suggests that treatment should be targeted at earlier stages in the disease—even before overt symptoms arise.
Universal CARs, universal T cells, and universal CAR T cells (2018)

Currently, the two approved T cell products with chimeric antigen receptors (CAR) are from autologous T cells. These CAR T cells approved for clinical use must be generated on a custom-made basis. This case-by-case autologous T cell production platform remains a significant limiting factor for large-scale clinical application due to the costly and lengthy production process. There is also an inherent risk of production failure. The individualized, custom-made autologous CAR T cell production process also posts constriction on the wide application on diverse tumor types. Therefore, universal allogeneic T cells are needed for the preparation of universal CAR T cells that can serve as the "off-the-shelf" ready-to-use therapeutic agents for large-scale clinical applications. Genome-editing technologies including ZFN (zinc finger nuclease), TALEN (transcription activator-like effector nuclease), and CRISPR-Cas9 are being used to generate the universal third-party T cells. In addition, split, universal, and programmable (SUPRA) CARs are being developed to enhance the flexibility and controllability of CAR T cells. The engineered universal T cells and universal CARs are paving the road for a totally new generation of CAR T cells capable of targeting multiple antigens and/ or being delivered to multiple recipients without re-editing of T cells. This may escalate to a new wave of revolution in cancer immunotherapy. This review summarized the latest advances on designs and development of universal CARs, universal T cells, and clinical application of universal CAR T cells.
Computer-aided design and testing of an accurate fault locator for EHV teed feeders (1993)

The basis of an alternative approach to accurately locating faults on teed feeders is described. The technique developed addresses the foregoing problems and in particular, takes into account the practical limitations in the design. The method utilises voltages and currents captured at all three ends of a teed feeder, which are than digitally filtered to accurately extract the power frequency phasors. Use is made of superimposed modal components of signals so as to minimise errors arising in accuracy due to line loading or source impedances and means is developed for effectively synchronising data from the three ends together with an accurate identification of the faulted branch, all essential requisites for achieving a high degree of accuracy. Finally, the fault location technique is evaluated using simulated results from practical 400 kV teed feeder configurations.
Manufacturing of Large‐Scale Functional Objects Using Biodegradable Chitosan Bioplastic (2014)

Despite the urgent need for sustainable materials for mass‐produced commercial products, and the incredible diversity of naturally biodegradable materials with desired structural properties, the use of regenerated biomaterials in modern engineering remains extremely limited. Chitin is a prime example: although it is responsible for some of the most remarkable mechanical properties exhibited by natural materials, including nacre, insect cuticle, and crustacean shells, and it is the most abundant organic compound on earth after cellulose, it has not been utilized in manufacturing strategies for commercial applications. Here we describe how analysis of differences in the molecular arrangement and mechanical properties of chitosan polymer that result from different processing methods led to development of a scalable manufacturing strategy for production of large three‐dimensional (3D) objects of chitosan. This chitosan fabrication method offers a new pathway for large‐scale production of fully compostable engineered components with complex forms, and establishes chitosan as a viable bioplastic that could potentially be used in place of existing non‐degradable plastics for commercial manufacturing.
Effect of packing on void morphology in resin transfer molded E‐glass/epoxy composites (2005)

Abstract Effects of applying a packing pressure on void content, void morphology, and void spatial distribution were investigated for resin transfer molding (RTM) E‐glass/epoxy composites. Packing pressures of zero and 570 kPa were respectively applied to center‐gated composites containing 17.5% randomly oriented, E‐glass fiber preform. Radial samples of these disk‐shaped composites were utilized to evaluate voidage via microscopic image analysis. Two adjacent surfaces were cut from each molded disk in order to evaluate void presence from both through‐the‐thickness and planar views. The packed composite was found to contain almost 92% less void content than the unpacked composite. While void fractions of 2.2 and 2.6% were measured, respectively, from the through‐the‐thickness and planar surfaces of the unpacked composite, only 0.2% void content was observed in the packed composite from both surfaces. Digital images obtained from through‐the‐thickness surface showed that average void size dropped from 59.3 μm in the unpacked composite to 31.7 μm in the packed composite. A similar reduction in average void size from 66.7 to 41.1 μm was observed from the planar surfaces. Circular voids were found to experience higher removal rates at 99%, followed by cylindrical and elliptical voids at 83 and 81%, respectively; while irregular voids show slightly lower void removal rates at 67%. Void proximity to fiber bundles was also observed to affect void reduction as voids located inside fiber tows experience lower void reduction rates. Along the radial direction of the molded disks, removal of voids with different proximities to fibers seems to depend on their arrangement at the end of the filling stage. These findings are believed to ascertain packing as an effective void removal method for RTM and similar liquid composite molding processes. POLYM. COMPOS., 26:614–627, 2005. © 2005 Society of Plastics Engineers
Isopropylamino and Isobutylamino Groups as Recognition Sites for Carbohydrates: Acyclic Receptors with Enhanced Binding Affinity toward β-Galactosides (2010)

Binding motifs observed in the crystal structures of protein-carbohydrate complexes, in particular the participation of the isopropyl/isobutyl side chain of valine/leucine in the formation of van der Waals contacts, have inspired the design of new artificial carbohydrate receptors. The new compounds, containing a trisubstituted triethylbenzene core, were expected to recognize sugar molecules through a combination of NH···O and OH···N hydrogen bonds, CH···π interactions, and numerous van der Waals contacts. (1)H NMR spectroscopic titrations in competitive and noncompetitive media, as well as binding studies in two-phase systems, such as dissolution of solid carbohydrates in apolar media and phase transfer of sugars from aqueous into organic solvents, revealed effective recognition of neutral carbohydrates and β- vs α-anomer binding preferences in the recognition of glycosides as well as significantly increased binding affinity of the receptors toward β-galactoside in comparison with the previously described receptors.
Interventions for preventing oral mucositis in patients with cancer receiving treatment: oral cryotherapy (2015)

We are confident that oral cryotherapy leads to large reductions in oral mucositis of all severities in adults receiving 5FU for solid cancers. We are less confident in the ability of oral cryotherapy to reduce oral mucositis in adults receiving high-dose melphalan before HSCT. Evidence suggests that it does reduce oral mucositis in these adults, but we are less certain about the size of the reduction, which could be large or small. However, we are confident that there is an appreciable reduction in severe oral mucositis in these adults.This Cochrane review includes some very recent and currently unpublished data, and strengthens international guideline statements for adults receiving the above cancer treatments.
The Effect of Ultrasound Pretreatment on Poplar Wood Dimensional Stability (2016)

Dimensional stability is a key property of wood that significantly affects its applications. The effect of an ultrasound pretreatment on poplar wood (Populous tomentosa) dimensional stability was examined. During the pretreatments, wood samples were immersed in distilled water and treated ultrasonically under three different powers and frequencies. The samples were then analyzed by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and X-ray diffraction (XRD). The chemical transformation of the cell-wall material was studied and then associated with the change of water absorption and the swelling coefficient. The results showed that the water absorption decreased after the ultrasonic pretreatment. The axial and radial swelling coefficients of the pretreated samples decreased, while the tangential swelling coefficients increased. The volumetric swelling coefficient of pretreated specimens fluctuated near 4.48% (the volumetric swelling coefficient of untreated wood). Ultrasonic pretreatment increased the number of hydrophilic groups, such as the hydroxyl, acetyl, and uronic ester groups. Meanwhile, the pretreatment also increased the degree of crystallinity and reduced the available polar groups. These two factors together caused the change of the moisture absorption and the swelling coefficient of the pretreated wood. These conclusions suggest that the ultrasonic pretreatment is a promising method for further chemical modification of wood.
Preparation and Optical Aborption Spectra of Au<sub>c</sub><sub>ore</sub>Pt<sub>s</sub><sub>hell</sub> and Pt<sub>c</sub><sub>ore</sub>Au<sub>s</sub><sub>hell</sub> Colloidal Nanoparticles in Aqueous Solution (2000)

Bimetallic gold and platinum particles of the Pt−Au and Au−Pt core−shell type are prepared using hydrogen reduction and radiolysis techniques. The optical absorption spectra are recorded and compared to various Au−Pt particles described in the literature. AucorePtshell particles catalyze the hydrogen reduction of silver ions to yield trimetallic particles.
Immunogenetics of type II collagen autoimmunity and susceptibility to collagen arthritis. (1988)

The MHC restriction of the antibody response and development of arthritis after immunization with autologous or heterologous type II collagens in mice have been investigated. Mice from three different H-2q-carrying strains (DBA/1, NFR/N and B10.G) with different non-MHC genes, as well as B10-congenic strains carrying wild type H-2q-related or H-2r haplotypes, were susceptible for collagen arthritis. All strains tested developed an antibody response cross-reacting with autologous type II collagen after immunization with heterologous type II collagen; H-2q predisposes for a high response against chick, rat and bovine type II collagen, H-2r and H-2b for a high response against bovine type II collagen. Only mouse strains with H-2q, H-2r, H-2w3 or H-2w17 were responders to mouse type II collagen, and only these strains developed arthritis after immunization with heterologous or autologous type II collagens. These findings indicate that the ability to mount an immune response against autologous type II collagen is a prerequisite for the susceptibility to collagen arthritis. A cross-reactive autoimmune response after immunization with various heterologous type II collagen may enhance further the development of arthritis.
Gestión logística y operacional de la unidad de reciclaje de residuos de construcción y demolición (2014)

The shortage of reserves of natural resources and environmental impacts caused by the processes of development, with population growth and industrialization of large cities, leading to a reform of the management of Construction and Demolition Wastes –CDW (focusing on their reduction, reuse and recycling, allowing their use and recovery). This issue sees a diminution in the supply of raw materials from natural products which are currently handled at an annual rate of 6000 kg per capita, at the global level; increasing costs and dwindling ecosystems. The reinstatement of “recycled aggregates” in the sector has evolved favorably, prevail the need to develop tools that encourage their use, promoting the “Sustainable Development”. RCD are generated in developed countries such as Japan, Denmark, Spain and the Netherlands in approximate amounts of 0,52 and 0,76 m3/inhaby/ear. The situation in cities such as Bogota D.C., Colombia, reflects values of about 15158798 m3/year. In this study, a diagnosis was made in the city of Bogota, identifying the volume generated to establish the availability of raw material for Recycling Unit. Using a model of routing and scheduling, the possible route that minimized the distance was established. Additionally, it was introduced a potential basic distribution plant to finally conclude with the approach of a management model that impose value added from the collection and recycling of waste generated. The transformation process was designed, specifying the basic technologies necessary for its operation. Concluding with an appropriate strategy in the mission of adding value to the CDW.
Construction of a novel brittleness index equation and analysis of anisotropic brittleness characteristics for unconventional shale formations (2019)

Abstract The brittleness prediction of shale formations is of interest to researchers nowadays. Conventional methods of brittleness prediction are usually based on isotropic models while shale is anisotropic. In order to obtain a better prediction of shale brittleness, our study firstly proposed a novel brittleness index equation based on the Voigt–Reuss–Hill average, which combines two classical isotropic methods. The proposed method introduces upper and lower brittleness bounds, which take the uncertainty of brittleness prediction into consideration. In addition, this method can give us acceptable predictions by using limited input values. Secondly, an anisotropic rock physics model was constructed. Two parameters were introduced into our model, which can be used to simulate the lamination of clay minerals and the dip angle of formation. In addition, rock physics templates have been built to analyze the sensitivity of brittleness parameters. Finally, the effects of kerogen, pore structure, clay lamination and shale formation dip have been investigated in terms of anisotropy. The prediction shows that the vertical/horizontal Young’s modulus is always below one while the vertical/horizontal Poisson’s ratio (PR) can be either greater or less than 1. Our study finds different degrees of shale lamination may be the explanation for the random distribution of V ani (the ratio of vertical PR to horizontal PR).
Array-based comparative genomic hybridisation identifies high frequency of cryptic chromosomal rearrangements in patients with syndromic autism spectrum disorders (2006)

These results clearly show that array comparative genomic hybridisation should be considered to be an essential aspect of the genetic analysis of patients with syndromic ASD. Moreover, besides their importance for diagnosis and genetic counselling, they may allow the delineation of new contiguous gene syndromes associated with ASD. Finally, the detailed molecular analysis of the rearranged regions may pave the way for the identification of new ASD genes.
The immunology of pre-eclampsia : a few key concepts : review article (2003)

Extracted from text ... REVIEW ARTICLE 
Obstetrics & Gynaecology Forum -August 2003 16 
The immunology of pre-eclampsia: 
a few key concepts 
between monozygous twins and other evidence implicating the fetal 
and therefore the paternal genotype.3-7 
Primipaternity is now an accepted risk factor for pre-eclampsia. 
The risk of primipaternity is qualified, however, by the duration of 
maternal exposure to paternal antigens through unprotected intercourse 
and oral sex prior to pregnancy.8, 9The risk for pre-eclampsia 
is also greater when the male partner from a pre-eclamptic pregnancy 
fathers a child with another woman. The concept of the highrisk 
male has thus been created. Despite these clear ..
Residential Customer Baseline Load Estimation Using Stacked Autoencoder With Pseudo-Load Selection (2019)

Accurate estimation of customer baseline load (CBL) is a key factor in the successful implementation of demand response (DR). CBL technologies implemented at utilities currently are primarily designed for large industrial and commercial customers. The U.S. Federal Energy Regulatory Commission (FERC) order 745 states that DR owners, including residential customers, can sell their load reduction in the wholesale market. However, since residential load is random and un-schedulable, this tends to inherently degrade the effectiveness of existing CBL technologies. In this paper, a novel SAE based CBL method for residential customers that uses the data reconstruction capability of a stacked autoencoder (SAE) is described. In the model, two SAEs are synchronously trained-one SAE generates a pseudo-load pool and the second one is used to select a pseudo-load to reconstruct a residential CBL. A support vector machine (SVM) classifier is self-trained to conduct the pseudo-load selection. The proposed strategy is validated using a real data set consisting of 328 residential customers' smart meter readings. Benchmarks from other machine learning techniques and existing CBL methods are compared with the proposed method. Test results show that the accuracy of the residential CBL reconstruction significantly improves when compared with existing methods, such as HighXofY and exponential moving average.
An approach to verifying concurrent systems-a medical information bus (MIB) case study (2003)

An automated method for verifying aspects of the data link communications protocol for the proposed IEEE P1073 Standard for Medical Device Communications is described. This protocol is specified using the formal description technique LOTOS, and the specification and an associated verification are implemented in the Larch Theorem Prover. The advantages of this approach for the design and verification of large and complex systems are discussed.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Current approaches to chronic pain in older patients. (1991)

As the population ages, primary care physicians face an increasing number of individuals who suffer from the effects of chronic diseases, including the accompanying chronic pain. This article reviews the common causes of pain in the elderly and suggests a system for assessing its severity. Five different approaches to treating pain in this population are outlined, as are guidelines for managing the potential side effects of treatment.