gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Recent developments in the synthesis and functionalization of conducting poly(thiophenes) (1988)

Abstract The mechanism of the electropolymerization of thiophene derivatives has been investigated by varying the electrosynthesis conditions and the monomer structure. The results of these analyses led to the definition of optimized electrosynthesis conditions allowing the control of the electrical and electrochemical properties of poly(thiophenes). On the basis of these results, the properties of these polymers have been modified by means of a new one‐step electrosynthesis of conducting composite materials and by the direct electropolymerization of tailor‐made functionalized monomers. For this purpose, the steric conditions associated to the various possibilities of covalent derivatization have been analyzed, leading to the definition of a “functionalization space”, compatible with the preservation of high conductivity and electrochemical reversibility in the resulting polymers. This concept has been applied to the synthesis of highly conducting chiral poly(thiophenes) on which an effect of enantioselective molecular recognition has been demonstrated for the first time.
Extensions to Resource Reservation Protocol - Traffic Engineering (RSVP-TE) for Point-to-Multipoint TE Label Switched Paths (LSPs) (2007)

This document describes extensions to Resource Reservation Protocol -
Traffic Engineering (RSVP-TE) for the set up of Traffic Engineered
(TE) point-to-multipoint (P2MP) Label Switched Paths (LSPs) in Multi-
Protocol Label Switching (MPLS) and Generalized MPLS (GMPLS) networks.
The solution relies on RSVP-TE without requiring a multicast routing
protocol in the Service Provider core. Protocol elements and
procedures for this solution are described. There can be various
applications for P2MP TE LSPs such as IP multicast. Specification of
how such applications will use a P2MP TE LSP is outside the scope of
this document. [STANDARDS-TRACK]
Task-Driven Video Collection (2006)

Vision systems are increasingly being deployed to perform complex surveillance tasks. While improved algorithms are being developed to perform these tasks, it is also important that data suitable for these algorithms be acquired - a non-trivial task in a dynamic and crowded scene viewed by multiple PTZ cameras. In this paper, we describe a multi-camera system that collects images and videos of moving objects in such scenes, subject to task constraints. The system constructs "task visibility intervals" that contain information about what can be sensed in future time intervals. Constructing these intervals requires prediction of future object motion and consideration of several factors such as object occlusion and camera control parameters. Using a plane-sweep algorithm, these atomic intervals can be combined to form multi-task intervals, during which a single camera can collect videos suitable for multiple tasks simultaneously. Although cameras can then be scheduled based on the constructed intervals, finding an optimal schedule is a typical NP-hard problem. Due to this, and the lack of exact future information in a dynamic environment, we propose several methods for fast camera scheduling that yield solutions within a small constant factor of optimal. Experimental results illustrate system capabilities for both real and more complicated simulated scenarios.
Direct detection of Mycobacterium tuberculosis in sputum by polymerase chain reaction and DNA hybridization (1993)

A polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assay for the rapid diagnosis of pulmonary tuberculosis was developed by using oligonucleotide primers to amplify a fragment of IS6110, an insertion sequence repeated multiple times in the chromosome of Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Sediment obtained from sputa processed by the N-acetyl-L-cysteine-NaOH method was suspended in a simple lysis buffer and was heated at 100 degrees C for 30 min prior to amplification. A dUTP-uracil N-glycosylase PCR protocol was used to prevent false-positive test results because of the carryover of products from previous amplification reactions. The 317-bp amplicon was detected by direct gel analysis and Southern blotting and then hybridization with a biotin-labeled internal probe. Hybrid molecules were detected by using a commercially available avidin-alkaline phosphatase-chemiluminescent substrate system (Tropix, Inc., Bedford, Mass.). The analytical sensitivity of the assay was 10 fg of purified mycobacterial DNA. The limits of detection by culture (Middlebrook 7H11 agar and Lowenstein-Jensen medium) and by PCR were equivalent in terminal dilution experiments for organism suspensions and positive sputa. An internal control was used to detect the presence of amplification inhibitors in each negative reaction mixture. DNA was purified from inhibitory specimens by phenol-chloroform extraction and ethanol precipitation. PCR results were compared with results of microscopy and conventional culture for the detection of M. tuberculosis in 313 sputum specimens. There were 124 specimens that were positive for M. tuberculosis by conventional methods and 113 (91%) that were positive by PCR. PCR detected 105 of 110 (95%) of the smear-positive and 8 of 14 (57%) of the smear-negative specimens. There were no false-positive results by PCR (specificity, 100%). This PCR assay innovations that make application of this new technology feasible in clinical microbiology laboratories.
Preparation and Characterization of Properties of Oxynitride Glasses and Fibers (1989)

Abstract : It has been shown that the substitution of nitrogen for oxygen in oxide glass structures enhances bond strength, which results in glasses having outstanding properties. These oxynitride glasses have higher elastic moduli, tensile strength, hardness, and better corrosion resistance than oxide glasses. Previous work at MTL demonstrated techniques for making significant quantities of these oxynitride glasses. It was also recognized that these glasses had the potential to be formed into glass fibers. Such glass fibers would have potential applications in high-performance composites. Keywords: Oxynitride glass, Glass fibers, Physical properties, Composite materials.
Ionic Liquid Redox Catholyte for High Energy Efficiency, Low‐Cost Energy Storage (2015)

An approach to energy storage using ionic liquids as joint ion‐conducting medium and redox active catholyte material is described. The earth‐abundant ferric ion is incorporated as an oxidizing agent in the form of the low‐melting NaFeCl 4 in a 1:1 mixture with ethylmethylimidazolium tetrachloraluminate, an ambient temperature ionic liquid. Different possible anode types are considered, and the most obvious one involving liquid sodium (with special wetting of a sodium ion‐conducting ceramic separator) is tested. The high voltage >3.2 V predicted for this cell is verified, and its cyclability is confirmed. Operating at 180 °C, an unexpectedly high energy efficiency >96%, is recorded. This establishes this type of cell as an attractive candidate for energy storage. For optimum energy storage, high energy efficiency is mandated for thermal management, as well as economic reasons. The theoretical capacity of the cell is 288 Wh kg −1 (418 Wh L −1 ) of which 73% is realized. The cell is shown to be fail‐safe against internal shorts. As there are many degrees of freedom for developing this type of cell, it is suggested as a promising area of future research effort in the energy storage area.
Characterization of a selective inhibitor for matrix metalloproteinase-8 (MMP-8) (2014)

MMP-8 has been implicated in various diseases using a reported selective MMP-8 inhibitor that is actually a broad-spectrum MMP inhibitor.
Authentication, time-stamping, and digital signatures (1995)

Time and frequency data are often transmitted over public packet-switched networks, and the use of this mode of distribution is likely to increase in the near future as high-speed logical circuits transmitted via networks replace point-to-point physical circuits. ALthough these networks have many technical advantages, they are susceptible to evesdropping, spoofing, and the alteration of messages enroute using techniques that are relatively simple to implement and quite difficult to detect. I will discuss a number of solutions to these problems, including the authentication mechanism used in the Network Time Protocol (NTP) and the more general technique of signing time-stamps using public key cryptography. This public key method can also be used to implement the digital analog of a Notary Public, and I will discuss how such a system could be realized on a public network such as the Internet.
A numerical method to predict crossflow rate resulted from downhole leaks (2018)

Water injection wells often develop casing leaks that result in crossflow between two formations. The crossflow can be upward or downward depending on the respective location of each formation and the gravitation hydrostatic column between the formations. Traditionally, crossflow rates are measured by running production logs (flowmeter); a process that require well intervention. Such intervention in a well with compromised downhole integrity is not preferred as it incur additional cost and exposes the oilfield operator to possible mechanical risks such as stuck tools. In this work, we present a numerical method to predict crossflow rates without such intervention. The method requires readily available input from the water injection that includes injection flow rates and pressures, in addition, to shut-in well data. The workflow developed in this study includes nodal analysis and well performance modeling. A water injection well (Well-XYZ) was selected to validate the developed workflow as a case study in this paper. Well-XYZ has an upward crossflow that resulted from a downhole leak. The numerical method starts with building a well performance model before the leak develops. The injection data (pressure and flow rates) before leak development are used for this model. Second, a well with the same physical dimensions of Well-XYZ is imagined and modeled as a producing well from the downhole formation to the leak point. The shut-in well data of Well-XYZ are used to build the production well model. Third, we choose the leak point as the system node and obtain its pressure either by direct measurement or through calculation. Once the system node pressure is obtained, it is inputted as the wellhead producing pressure of the imagined well and its production rate will be the crossflow rate. The results of this method were tested by running a production log on Well-XYZ. The results of the production log showed that the method was able to accurately predict the crossflow rate with a less than 2% error.
Cotton Dyeing in Glycol Solvents1 (1980)

Cotton fabrics were dyed in glycol and glycol-ether solvents with suitable cotton dyes such as direct and sulfur dyes. Good dye-uptake was obtained only when the cotton was prewet with water before dyeing. Enhanced color saturation occurred if the fabric was pretreated with a 0.25 to 2 molar solu tion of potassium thiocyanate or other suitable salt. Glycols, such as ethylene glycol, diethylene glycol, and higher molecular weight glycols in the series, were poor solvents for dyeing cotton, but propylene glycol, dipropylene glycol, and glycol ethers were suitable. Propylene glycol was effective for crossdyeing cotton/polyester and cotton/wool blends at temperatures of 150°C and higher for as little as 2.5 minutes in some cases. The most effective solvents for maximum color saturation were the glycol ethers, especially ethylene glycol monomethyl ether.
Broadband Suspended Plate Antennas (2005)

This chapter contains sections titled: Introduction Techniques to Broaden Impedance Bandwidth Techniques to Enhance Radiation Performance Arrays with Suspended Plate Elements References
Towards practical quantum key distribution (2005)

DOI: 10.1049/ic:20050581 ISBN: 0-86341-590-3 Location: London, UK Conference date: 7 Dec. 2005 Format: PDF This paper presents a slide presentation on practical quantum key distribution. The transmitter, random number generator, receiver, and software are presented. (10 pages) Inspec keywords: random number generation; quantum cryptography Subjects: Quantum cryptography; Cryptography
High-throughput widefield fluorescence imaging of 3D samples using deep learning for 2D projection image restoration (2022)

Abstract Fluorescence microscopy has become a core tool for visualizing and quantifying the spatial and temporal dynamics of complex biological processes. Thanks to its low cost and ease-of-use, widefield fluorescent imaging remains one of the most widely used fluorescence microscopy imaging modalities. To accomplish imaging of 3D samples, conventional fluorescence imaging entails acquiring a sequence of 2D images spaced along the z-dimension, typically called a z-stack. Oftentimes, the next step is to project the 3D volume into a single 2D image, as 3D image data can be cumbersome to manage and challenging to analyze and interpret, effectively limiting the utlity of z-dimensional information. Furthermore, z-stack acquisition is often time-consuming and consequently may induce photodamage to the biological sample, which are both major hurdles for its application in experiments that require high-throughput, such as drug screening. As an alternative to z-stacks, axial sweep acquisition schemes have been proposed to circumvent these drawbacks and offers potential of 100-fold faster image acquisition for 3D-samples compared to z-stack acquisition but unfortunately results in blurry, low-quality raw 2D z-projected images. We propose a novel workflow to combine axial z-sweep acquisition with deep learning-based image restoration, ultimately enabling high-throughput and high-quality imaging of complex 3D-samples using 2D projection images. To demonstrate the capabilities of our proposed workflow, we apply it to live-cell imaging of 3D tumor spheroids and find we can produce high-fidelity images appropriate for quantitative analysis. Therefore, we conclude that combining axial z-sweep image acquisition with deep learning-based image restoration enables high-throughput and high-quality fluorescence imaging of complex 3D biological samples.
Spin Torque-Driven Magnetic Droplet Skyrmions (2014)

Material Physics, School of ICT, Royal Institute of Technology, Electrum 229, 164 40, Kista, SwedenSpin transfer torque a ords magnetic nanodevices the potential to act as memory,computing, and microwave elements operating at ultra-low currents and at a low en-ergy cost. Spin transfer torque is not only e ective in manipulating well-known mag-netic structures, such as domain walls and vortices, but can also nucleate previouslyunattainable nano-magnetic objects, such as magnetic droplets and skyrmions. Whilethe droplet and the skyrmion are both solitons, the former is inherently dynamic andnon-topological, whereas the latter is static but topologically protected. Here we showthat it is possible to combine these properties into a novel dynamic and topologicallyprotected magnetic soliton, a so-called droplet skyrmion, which adds additional degreesof freedom, and functionality, to both droplet and skyrmion based applications. Wepresent the conditions required for the topological transformation of a droplet into adroplet skyrmion and furthermore how eld and current can be used to reversibly tunethe magnetic state between a droplet, a droplet skyrmion, a static skyrmion, and a
Experimental and Numerical Study of Enhanced Condensate Recovery by Gas Injection in Shale Gas–Condensate Reservoirs (2016)

Summary This paper examines the potential of huff ’n’ puff gas-injection method to recover condensate in shale gas–condensate reservoirs by conducting experiments on a shale core. Numerical models were developed to verify experiment results. Our laboratory study shows that condensate recovery was increased to 25% by applying huff ’n’ puff gas injection on a shale core. Also, we compared the efficiency of huff ’n’ puff gas injection with that of gasflooding. At the end of same flooding with time that is the same as the time for five huff ’n’ puff cycles, the condensate recovery is 19%. From the experimental results, we found that huff ’n’ puff was more effective than gasflooding. During the experiment, condensate accumulated near the production-end region. In the huff ’n’ puff process, because the location for injection in the core was the same as that for production, the pressure in the condensate region built up faster than pressure in the flooding experiment. Also, because of the ultralow permeability, the pressure propagation was much slower in the shale core than in a conventional reservoir core, and the efficiency of gasflooding is much lower than that of the huff ’n’ puff. This study indicates that huff ’n’ puff has the potential to effectively enhance condensate recovery in shale gas–condensate reservoirs.
Assay of Specific Anti-Chlamydia pneumoniae Antibodies by ELISA Method (1996)

Studies were conducted with the goal of developing a kit for assaying anti-Chlamydia pneumoniae antibodies in human serum which would enable judging positive cases with high specificity by means of an objective numerical index. Thus, an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) method employing a C. pneumoniae outer membrane complex protein was established. Elementary bodies (EB) were purified from the YK-41 strain of C. pneumoniae, and subsequent treatment with Sarkosyl, DNase and RNase yielded chlamydial outer membrane complex (COMC). COMC was employed as the antigen and immobilized on 96-well microplates for ELISA method. This ELISA method was used to test 51 serum specimens from patients who had been demonstrated to be positive for C. pneumoniae antigen (throat swab: PCR positive), and the levels of IgG, IgA and IgM antibodies were assayed. For each specimen, comparison was made with the antibody titers determined by the micro immunofluorescence test (Micro-IF method). The results showed good correlation coefficients of 0.950 for IgG, 0.852 for IgA and 0.866 for IgM. In addition, the two assay methods showed the following high agreement rates: 90.2% for IgG, 84.3% for IgA and 82.4% for IgM. Specimens which did not yield the same results with the ELISA method and Micro-IF method were subjected to analysis by Western blot method, and the rates of agreement with the ELISA results were 80% for IgG, 87.5% for IgA and 88.9% for IgM. These data indicate the efficacy of this new ELISA method. Moreover, COMC was reacted with mouse antisera to three Chlamydia species, and the mouse IgG antibody was assayed. Anti-C. pneumoniae antiserum showed the strongest reactivity, whereas weaker reactivity was shown by anti-C. trachomatis antiserum (1/32nd of the reactivity of the anti-C. pneumoniae antiserum) and anti-C. psittaci antiserum (1/4th). In addition, sera from patients infected with C. trachomatis or C. psittaci (Psittacosis) were subjected to the ELISA method using COMC from C. pneumoniae. It was found that the correlation between the ELISA and Micro-IF methods was higher in relation to the anti-C. pneumoniae antibody titer than either the anti-C. trachomatis antibody titer or anti-C. psittaci antibody titer. These findings indicate this new assay kit based on the ELISA method has high specificity for C. pneumoniae.
2D beam scanning focal plane array using microfluidic reconfiguration techniques (2014)

Novel microfluidic based focal plane arrays (FPAs) have been recently introduced as a low cost alternative to realize mm-wave beam-scanning arrays. These FPAs consist of a proximity-fed patch antenna within a microfluidic channel filled with a low loss dielectric solution. Elevation plane scanning is obtained by placing the channel at the focal plane of a microwave lens and repositioning the antenna using micropumps. This paper, for the first time, realizes the antenna element of these FPAs from a metalized plate (instead of liquid metal) to improve the implementation reliability. In addition, a circuit model is presented for the all-passive feed network of the arrays to conveniently model their bandwidth and impedance matching performance for various element numbers. Also, the array is combined with a stepper motor to provide beam-scanning in the azimuth plane. Due to the microfluidic reconfiguration enabled all-passive feed network, the beam-scanning is realized without employing any RF switches or phase shifters. As a result, the feed network design is simplified and cost is notably reduced. The proposed design is verified by designing and evaluating a 1×8 microfluidic enabled 30GHz FPA. Specifically, the array exhibits a beam scanning range of ±25° with > 20dB measured realized gain.
Accessory cholera enterotoxin (Ace), the third toxin of a Vibrio cholerae virulence cassette. (1993)

Vibrio cholerae causes the potentially lethal disease cholera through the elaboration of the intestinal secretogen cholera toxin. A second toxin of V. cholerae, Zot, decreases intestinal tissue resistance by modifying intercellular tight junctions. In this report, a third toxin of V. cholerae, Ace (accessory cholera enterotoxin), is described. Ace increases short-circuit current in Ussing chambers and causes fluid secretion in ligated rabbit ileal loops. The predicted protein sequence of Ace shows striking similarity to eukaryotic ion-transporting ATPases, including the product of the cystic fibrosis gene. The gene encoding Ace is located immediately upstream of the genes encoding Zot and cholera toxin. The ctx, zot, and ace genes, which are located on a dynamic sector of the chromosome, comprise a V. cholerae "virulence cassette."
J-PET: A Novel TOF-PET Detector based on Plastic Scintillators (2016)

The purpose of the reported research is the elaboration of the method for construction of the cost-effective whole-body single-bed positron emission tomography scanner enabling simultaneous PET/CT and PET/MR imaging. The Jagiellonian Positron Emission Tomograph (J-PET) is built out of 192 scintillator strips arranged axially in three layers forming a cylindrical diagnostic chamber with the diameter of 85 cm and axial field-of-view of 50 cm. The novelty of the concept lies in employing long strips of plastic scintillators instead of crystals as detectors of the annihilation quanta, and in using the timing of signals instead of their amplitudes for the reconstruction of Lines-of-Response. To take advantage of the superior timing properties of plastic scintillators a novel multi-voltage-threshold front-end electronics was developed allowing for sampling of signals in a voltage domain. An axial arrangement of long strips of plastic scintillators, and their small light attenuation allows us to make a TOF-PET scanner with a long axial field-of-view. The presented solution opens unique possibilities of combining PET with CT and PET with MRI for scanning the same part of a patient at the same time with both methods. The relative ease of the cost effective increase of the axial field-of-view makes the J-PET tomograph competitive with respect to the current commercial PET scanners as regards sensitivity and time resolution.
Peptide-directed assembly of functional supramolecular polymers for biomedical applications: electroactive molecular tongue-twisters (oligoalanine–oligoaniline–oligoalanine) for electrochemically enhanced drug delivery (2015)

We report the preparation and characterization of films of electroactive supramolecular polymers based on non-electroactive oligoalanines and electroactive oligoanilines. Fibroblasts adhered to and proliferated on the films, and the delivery of the clinically relevant anti-inflammatory drug dexamethasone phosphate could be enhanced upon the application of an electrical stimulus.