gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A novel interleukin‐13 antagonist that blocks the biological activity of human interleukin‐13 in immune and nonimmune cells (2001)

ABSTRACT The pleiotropic cytokine interleukin‐13 (IL‐13) plays a major role in the pathogenesis of inflammatory diseases, including allergic rhinitis, atopic dermatitis, allergic asthma, and malignancies. Therefore, specific inhibitors of IL‐13 may have important clinical applications. We have previously produced a super agonist of IL‐13 (termed IL‐13R112D ) by single amino acid substitution changing Arg to Asp at position 112. In an effort to create a cell‐selective IL‐13 agonist, we performed a second mutation in the IL‐13R112D molecule substituting Lys for Glu at position 13. Unexpectedly, rather than an agonist, this novel double mutein (IL‐13 DM ), termed IL‐13E13KR112D , turned out to be an IL‐13 antagonist. It competes for 125 I‐IL‐13 binding sites as effectively as wtIL‐13. Designation of IL‐13E13KR112D as an IL‐13 antagonist is supported further by a second assay involving a fusion protein consisting of the bacterial cytotoxic molecule PE38QQR as well as wtIL‐13 ( IL‐13‐PE38QQR or IL‐13 cytotoxin). IL‐13E13KR112D neutralizes the cytotoxic activity of IL‐13 cytotoxin exhibited in U251 and PM‐RCC cancer cell lines. In addition, IL‐13E13KR112D inhibits the proliferative activity of wtIL‐13 in TF‐1 and L1236 hematopoietic cell lines, neutralizes wtIL‐13 induced inhibition of CD14 expression on primary monocytes, and prevents wtIL‐13 induced activation of signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT‐6) protein in KSY‐1 and THP‐1 cell lines. Thus, IL ‐ 13E13KR112D may be a useful agent for the study of interaction between IL‐13 and its cognate receptors and may contribute to the development of new treatments for inflammatory diseases, even malignancies, in which IL‐13 plays a central role.
Effic iency, Entitlements, and the Value of Consent (1998)

What methods should we use to protect a legal entitlement or right? Guido Calabresi and A. Douglas Melamed in their 1972 article, Property Rules, Liability Rules, and Inalienability: One View of the Cathedral, introduced the distinction between property rules and liability rules that has now formed the template of the debate over this vitally important question. Many look at this debate from the angle of an efficiencyseeking state. To truly evaluate the efficiency of these two rules, we must look beyond the typical determinants of individual valuations. Indirectly, this will take us to ideas related to consent and, more importantly, the subjective valuations individuals place on consent. The point is not that consent justifies efficiency, but rather that individuals may place a value on autonomy or a cost on loss of autonomy. This value or cost must be taken into account when using an analysis based on efficiency. This article is available in Res Publica Journal of Undergraduate Research: http://digitalcommons.iwu.edu/respublica/vol3/iss1/10
Vision-based Human Gestures Recognition for Human-Robot Interaction (2019)

In the light of factories of the future, to ensure productive, safe and effective interaction between robot and human coworkers, it is imperative that the robot extracts the essential information of the coworker. To address this, deep learning solutions are explored and a reliable human gesture detection framework is developed in this work. Our framework is able to robustly detect static hand gestures plus upper-body dynamic gestures.For static hand gestures detection, openpose is integrated with Kinect V2 to obtain a pseudo-3D human skeleton. With the help of 10 volunteers, we recorded an image dataset opensign, that contains Kinect V2 RGB and depth images of 10 alpha-numeric static hand gestures taken from the American Sign Language. "Inception V3" neural network is adapted and trained to detect static hand gestures in real-time.Subsequently, we extend our gesture detection framework to recognize upper-body dynamic gestures. A spatial attention based dynamic gestures detection strategy is proposed that employs multi-modal "Convolutional Neural Network - Long Short-Term Memory" deep network to extract spatio-temporal dependencies in pure RGB video sequences. The exploited convolutional neural network blocks are pre-trained on our static hand gestures dataset opensign, which allow efficient extraction of hand features. Our spatial attention module focuses on large-scale movements of upper limbs plus on hand images for subtle hand/fingers movements, to efficiently distinguish gestures classes.This module additionally exploits 2D upper-body pose to estimate distance of user from the sensor for scale-normalization plus determine the parameters of hands bounding boxes without a need of depth sensor. The information typically extracted from a depth camera in similar strategies is learned from opensign dataset. Thus the proposed gestures recognition strategy can be implemented on any system with a monocular camera.Afterwards, we briefly explore 3D human pose estimation strategies for monocular cameras. To estimate 3D human pose, a hybrid strategy is proposed which combines the merits of discriminative 2D pose estimators with that of model based generative approaches. Our method optimizes an objective function, that minimizes the discrepancy between position & scale-normalized 2D pose obtained from openpose, and a virtual 2D projection of a kinematic human model.For real-time human-robot interaction, an asynchronous distributed system is developed to integrate our static hand gestures detector module with an open-source physical human-robot interaction library OpenPHRI. We validate performance of the proposed framework through a teach by demonstration experiment with a robotic manipulator.
[Value of omeprazole in the treatment of collagenous colitis]. (1991)

The authors report the case of a patient suffering from collagen colitis in whom the administration of omeprazole achieved the rapid and total abolition of the clinical signs and a significant reduction of the collagen band (measurements determined over 10 cryptic spaces using a graduated micrometric ocular microscope). Although the outcome of this disorder is variable, with the possibility of spontaneous recovery or, more frequently, of remission, the authors consider, in their conclusions, that omeprazole may have a beneficial effect in this disorder even though the mechanism for this has not been established.
Searching Algorithm of Container Monitoring Based on RFID (2007)

In container shipping, adopt RFID and GSM/CDMA technology to monitor in-bound and out-bound containers, which will make sure the security of goods in transportation. In this paper, the container monitoring infrastructure is provided, which is combined by national custom monitoring center, port monitoring center and vessel monitoring center, in the container monitoring infrastructure, the hierarchical station searching algorithm based on RFID is the key.
Exploiting loop-level parallelism with the Shift Architecture (2003)

The limited amount of instruction-level parallelism inherent in applications is a limiting factor for improving the performance of most conventional microprocessors. A promising solution to overcome this problem is to exploit coarser granularities of parallelism. In this paper, we propose exploiting loop-level parallelism in a multithreaded fashion. We use the Shift Architecture as a baseline architecture, with improved compiler support and register file. The compiler converts iterations of a loop into threads, to be executed by multiple processing elements. The hardware provides a selective register shifting mechanism in order to allow the execution of loops containing loop-carried data dependences, which are very difficult to execute by using conventional architectures. In this paper, we simulate and discuss the parameters of major importance for the implementation of this architectural approach. Our initial results show that, on two simple numerical benchmarks, a considerable amount of iteration overlapping can be potentially achieved by an implementation of the Shift Architecture, in comparison with a multiprocessor machine.
Sodium glycerophosphate in the treatment of neonatal hypophosphataemia. (1995)

Nineteen very low birthweight (mean (SD) gestational age 28 (3) weeks) were parenterally fed nutrition solutions containing inorganic calcium and phosphorus salts. All infants had hypophosphataemia. Plasma concentrations were maintained between 1.5 mmol/l and 2.2 mmol/l. Plasma phosphorus concentrations reached 1.5 mmol/l or greater in three patients after 12 hours, in a further nine patients after 36 hours, and in all patients by 60 hours. Changes in plasma calcium concentrations were not significant.
Effects of Epicardial and Endocardial Cardiac Resynchronization Therapy on Coronary Flow: Insights From Wave Intensity Analysis (2015)

Epicardial and endocardial pacing result in increased coronary flow in the left anterior descending artery and homogenization of the timing of waves that determine flow in the LAD and the circumflex artery. The increase in both the FCW and the BEW with endocardial pacing may be the result of a more physiological activation pattern than that of epicardial pacing, which resulted in an increase of only the BEW.
Evaluating Protein Transfer Learning with TAPE (2019)

Abstract Protein modeling is an increasingly popular area of machine learning research. Semi-supervised learning has emerged as an important paradigm in protein modeling due to the high cost of acquiring supervised protein labels, but the current literature is fragmented when it comes to datasets and standardized evaluation techniques. To facilitate progress in this field, we introduce the Tasks Assessing Protein Embeddings (TAPE), a set of five biologically relevant semi-supervised learning tasks spread across different domains of protein biology. We curate tasks into specific training, validation, and test splits to ensure that each task tests biologically relevant generalization that transfers to real-life scenarios. We bench-mark a range of approaches to semi-supervised protein representation learning, which span recent work as well as canonical sequence learning techniques. We find that self-supervised pretraining is helpful for almost all models on all tasks, more than doubling performance in some cases. Despite this increase, in several cases features learned by self-supervised pretraining still lag behind features extracted by state-of-the-art non-neural techniques. This gap in performance suggests a huge opportunity for innovative architecture design and improved modeling paradigms that better capture the signal in biological sequences. TAPE will help the machine learning community focus effort on scientifically relevant problems. Toward this end, all data and code used to run these experiments are available at https://github.com/songlab-cal/tape .
256 Gb 3 b/Cell V-nand Flash Memory With 48 Stacked WL Layers (2016)

A 48 WL stacked 256-Gb V-NAND flash memory with a 3 b MLC technology is presented. Several vertical scale-down effects such as deteriorated WL loading and variations are discussed. To enhance performance, reverse read scheme and variable-pulse scheme are presented to cope with nonuniform WL characteristics. For improved performance, dual state machine architecture is proposed to achieve optimal timing for BL and WL, respectively. Also, to maintain robust IO driver strength against PVT variations, an embedded ZQ calibration technique with temperature compensation is introduced. The chip, fabricated in a third generation of V-NAND technology, achieved a density of 2.6 Gb/mm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> with 53.2 MB/s of program throughput.
쌍태아 간의 출생체중 불일치율 분포 및 기준에 관한 연구 (2019)

Objectives: To compare the frequency of inter twin birth weight discordance, and degree of discordance rate in twin births by gestational age. Methods: There were 51,783 pairs of twins from 2007-2014 of birth certificated data of Korea Statistics. We excluded extra-marital and non-hospital birth cases. Birth weight discordance rate (%) was calculated as (birth weight of larger twin-birth weight of smaller twin)/birth weight of larger twin and multiplied with 100. Birth weight discordance values was calculated to describe the degree of discordance by 50th, 90th, and 95th percentile, and two standard deviations above the mean, and frequency of severe birth weight discordancy (birth weight discordancy equal to or more than 25%) at each gestational age. Results: The mean discordance rate for inter twin was 11.0%±9.3%. The discordance values was not a normal (Gaussian) distribution (Kolmogorov-Smirnov test: p-value=0.01), and the best-fit function was exponential model (R2=0.94, p<0.01). The cumulative frequency of discordance values had cubic model (R2=0.99, p<0.01). The 50th percentile of birth weight discordancy was 8.8% discordance, the 90th was 23.4%, and the 95th was 29.1%. At earlier gestational age, the percentage discordant according to the 95th percentile of birth weight discordance was higher (37.0% at 28-33 weeks) than at older gestational age (approximately 26.0% at ≥37 weeks). The values of 95th percentile represented approximately the severe birth weight discordancy (≥25%) in gestational age at 37 weeks and older. Conclusions: The 95th percentile corresponded to a birth weight discordancy of approximately 25 percent at older gestational age (≥37 weeks). The degree of twin births weight discordance should be categorized with respect to gestational age since the degree of discordance may vary in different gestational age.
More Fluorous Surface Modifier Makes it Less Oleophobic: Fluorinated Siloxane Copolymer/PDMS Coatings (2009)

A copolyacrylate with semifluorinated and polydimethylsiloxane side chains (D5-3) was used as a surface modifier for a condensation-cured PDMS coating. The decyl fluorous group is represented by "D"; "5" is a 5 kDa silicone, and "3" is the mole ratio of fluorous to silicone side chains. Wetting behavior was assessed by dynamic contact angle (DCA) analysis using isopropanol, which differentiates silicone and fluorous wetting behavior. Interestingly, a maximum in surface oleophobicity was found at low D5-3 concentration (0.4 wt %). Higher concentrations result in decreased oleophobicity, as reflected in decreased contact angles. To understand this unexpected observation, dynamic light scattering (DLS) studies were initiated on a model system consisting of hydroxyl-terminated PDMS (18 kDa) containing varying amounts of D5-3. DLS revealed D5-3 aggregation to be a function of temperature and concentration. A model is proposed by which D5-3 surface concentration is depleted via phase separation favoring D5-3 aggregation at concentrations >0.4 wt %, that is, the cmc. This model suggests increasing aggregate/micelle concentrations at increased D5-3 concentration. Bulk morphologies studied by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and atomic force microscopy (AFM) support this model by showing increased aggregate concentrations with increased D5-3 > 0.4 wt %.
Emerging blood-based biomarkers for detection of gastric cancer (2015)

Early detection and efficient monitoring of tumor dynamics are prerequisites for reducing disease burden and mortality, and for improving the management of patients with gastric cancer (GC). Blood-based biomarker assays for the detection of early-stage GC could be of great relevance both for population-wide or risk group-based screening programs, while circulating biomarkers that reflect the genetic make-up and dynamics of the tumor would allow monitoring of treatment efficacy, predict recurrences and assess the genetic heterogeneity of the tumor. Recent research to identify blood-based biomarkers of GC has resulted in the identification of a wide variety of cancer-associated molecules, including various proteins, autoantibodies against tumor associated antigens, cell-free DNA fragments, mRNAs and various non-coding RNAs, circulating tumor cells and cancer-derived extracellular vesicles. Each type of these biomarkers provides different information on the disease status, has different advantages and disadvantages, and distinct clinical usefulness. In the current review, we summarize the recent developments in blood-based GC biomarker discovery, discuss the origin of various types of biomarkers and their clinical usefulness and the technological challenges in the development of biomarker assays for clinical use.
Effect of types of curing on strength of geopolymer concrete (2010)

In order to address environmental effects associated with Portland cement, there is need to develop alternative binders to make concrete. An effort in this regard is the development of geopolymer concrete, synthesized from the materials of geological origin or by product materials such as fly ash, which are rich in silicon and aluminum. This paper presents results of an experimental study on the density and compressive strength of geopolymer concrete. The experiments were conducted on fly ash based geopolymer concrete by varying the types of curing namely ambient curing and hot curing. The ratio of alkaline liquid to fly ash was fixed as 0.4. For all the samples the rest period was kept as 5 days. For hot curing, the temperature was maintained at 60oC for 24 h in hot air oven. The compressive strength test was conducted for each sample and the results showed that there is an increase in compressive strength with the increase in age for ambient cured specimens. For hot cured samples the increase in compressive strength with age was very less as compared to that of specimens subjected to ambient curing. The density of geopolymer concrete was around 2400 kg/m3 which is equivalent to that of conventional concrete.

	 

	Key words: Fly ash, geopolymer concrete, alkaline liquid, density, compressive strength.
Beamforming and Transmission PowerOptimization (2013)

Beamforming-array signal processing is a powerful means of increasing capacity and coverage of the mobile communication networks. It supports the next generation broadband cellular system to efficiently carry populated traffic over a limited spectrum due to its co-channel interference mitigation capability. This paper presents performance comparison of three beamforming methods namely null steering, minimum variance distortionless response (MVDR) and minimum mean square error (MMSE) beamforming. It is observed that MMSE beamforming is most suitable for practical non-line-of-sight multipath environment. The work is further extended to downlink beamforming problem for multicell network which is formulated as minimization of transmitted power by all base stations (BSs) subject to SINR constraints at each mobile. The conventional per cell basis beamforming and coordinated multicell beamforming are implemented to achieve downlink transmit power optimization using downlink beamforming. Both algorithms use uplink (UL)-downlink (DL) duality concept to solve complicated DL beamforming by using dual uplink problem. Per cell basis beamforming treats intercell interferences as a part of background noise while coordinated multicell beamforming considers intercell interferences for weight vector calculation. Thus, per cell basis optimization does not lead to a joint optimal solution which is possible by coordinated multicell beamforming. The important feature of coordinated beamforming algorithm is that, it leads to distributed implementation in time division duplex (TDD) system. The distributed implementation is less complex and requires only beamforming level coordination unlike centralized implementation which requires system level coordination and thus it is more complex. Thus, in this paper per cell basis beamforming and coordinated multicell beamforming has been implemented and compared for mobile wimax multicell network. The simulation results proved that coordinated beamforming outperforms per cell basis beamforming for different values of SINR and user locations.
Continuous Variable Speed Wind Turbine: Transmission Concept and Robust Control (2000)

This paper presents the theory and design of a novel hybrid mechanical-electrical variable speed wind turbine transmission, and discusses a robust control solution for optimal power output of the wind turbine equipped with such a transmission. The novel, planetary differential transmission would be driven by the variable speed rotor and controlled by a control system to ensure a constant speed of the main generator at a wide range of wind speed variations. Analysis shows that this would lead to an increase in the wind turbine energy output, estimated to be in the range of 15% to 20%, compared to a wind turbine with the same rotor and a fixed transmission. Using robust control design techniques, a single controller is synthesized for efficient operation over the entire anticipated wind speed range. The control system automatically varies the rotor speed to optimize its power output for slow wind speed variation and attenuates high frequency wind gust effects to reduce the resulting fatigue damage. Overall, the new concept provides a cost effective solution for variable speed wind turbine operation. The improved system performance is demonstrated using the results of a numerically simulated dynamic model of the proposed system.
Role of reactive nitrogen and oxygen intermediates in gamma interferon-stimulated murine macrophage bactericidal activity against Burkholderia pseudomallei (1997)

We examined the contributions of reactive nitrogen and oxygen intermediates (RNI and ROI, respectively) in macrophage bactericidal activity against Burkholderia pseudomallei, the causative agent of melioidosis, in order to understand host defense mechanisms against infection caused by this bacterium. The bacteria multiplied in unstimulated murine macrophage cell line J774.1. However, a strong dose-dependent inhibition of intracellular bacterial growth was observed when gamma interferon (IFN-gamma)-activated macrophages were used. The induction of bactericidal activity correlated well with the production of nitric oxide (NO) by IFN-gamma-activated macrophages and was markedly suppressed by N(G)-monomethyl L-arginine (L-NMMA), a competitive inhibitor of NO synthesis. Superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase significantly inhibited macrophage bactericidal activity, and the combined addition of L-NMMA, SOD, and catalase resulted in the complete inhibition of IFN-gamma-stimulated activity. The bacteria were susceptible to the killing effects of chemically generated NO and superoxide anion in a macrophage-free system. Our results indicate that IFN-gamma-induced macrophage bactericidal activity against B. pseudomallei is mediated to a large extent by RNI killing mechanisms and to a lesser extent by ROI-dependent mechanisms.