gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
S‐allyl cysteine inhibits nitrosomorpholine formation and bioactivation (1997)

Water extracts of garlic, deodorized garlic powder, and onions, but not leeks, were found to significantly (p < 0.05) reduce the in vitro formation of N-nitrosomorpholine (NMOR), a known liver carcinogen. Addition of increasing quantities (20, 40, and 80 mM) of S-allyl cysteine (SAC), a water-soluble compound in processed garlic, depressed NMOR formation by 16%, 27%, and 43%, respectively (p < 0.05). The ability of SAC to block NMOR formation decreased as the NaNO7 and morpholine concentrations increased. SAC and its non-allyl analog S-propyl cysteine effectively blocked NMOR formation. SAC and S-propyl cysteine were less effective than isomolar cysteine in reducing NMOR formation (p < 0.05). The oil-soluble sulfur compounds diallyl disulfide (DADS), dipropyl disulfide, and diallyl sulfide were ineffective inhibitors of NMOR generation (p > 0.05). SAC and DADS reduced the mutagenicity of NMOR in Salmonella typhimurium TA100 (p < 0.05). SAC at 70 mumol/plate reduced the number of histidine revertants per plate by 51% (p < 0.05), whereas DADS at 0.12 mumol/plate reduced mutant colony number by 76% (p < 0.05). SAC and DADS were more effective than isomolar cysteine in reducing NMOR mutagenicity (p < 0.05). The ability of sulfur compounds in garlic and onions to depress nitrosamine formation and bioactivation in these studies is consistent with epidemiologic evidence that higher intake of allium plants is associated with a reduction in the risks of some cancers.
Novel Type of MEMS Loudspeaker Featuring Membrane-Less Two-Way Sound Generation (2017)

In this paper a novel type of piezoelectric microelectromechanical loudspeaker is presented. The device concept is based on concentrically cascaded lead zirconate titanate actuators making it the first integrated two-way MEMS speaker reported. As a further novelty, the device is designed to operate without a closed membrane significantly improving the acoustic performance, energy efficiency, and manufacturability. Extensive finite element analysis studies have revealed a very high SPL of more than 79 dB in 10 cm distance at 500 Hz for a device 1 cm² in size operated at 30 V. At higher frequencies even larger SPL values are calculated enabling a flat frequency response with 89 dB for frequencies above 800 Hz. Based on this concept first speaker prototypes have been fabricated using MEMS technology.
Achieving Database Security Through Data Replication: The Sintra Prototype (1994)

Abstract : There are several proposed approaches for multilevel secure (MLS) database systems which protect classified information. The SINTRA database system, which is currently being prototyped at the Naval Research Laboratory, is a multilevel trusted database system based on a replicated data approach. This approach uses physical separation of classified data as a protection measure. Each database contains data at a given security level and replicas of all data at lower security levels. Project goals include good performance and full database capability. For practical reasons (e.g., ease of evaluation, portability) the SINTRA database system uses as many readily-available commercial components as possible. In this paper, security constraints and the rationale for the SINTRA prototype are described. We also present the structure and function of each component of the SINTRA prototype: the global scheduler, the query preprocessor, and the user interface. A brief description of the SINTRA recovery mechanism is also presented.
Long Term Optical Properties of ZnS-AgInS2 and AgInS2-AgGaS2 Solid-Solution Semiconductor Nanoparticles Dispersed in Polymer Matrices (2011)

Long term optical properties of fluorescent I-III-VI semiconductor nanoparticles and its solid solution dispersed in the methacrylate resin were tested under various conditions aiming at their use as wavelength converters. The ZnS-AgInS2 solid solution nanoparticles, which we developed recently, have less stability against a thermal and a photonic stimulus, while the AgInS2-AgGaS2 solid solution nanoparticles maintain an acceptable fluorescence property even after 1000 h of a thermal stimulus. Differences in the durability between the two types of semiconductors are discussed based on the solid solubility. The deterioration of the fluorescence property is considered to be due to the phase separation of crystals of ZnS-AgInS2 system.
Efficacy of Daptomycin in Experimental Endocarditis Due to Methicillin-Resistant <i>Staphylococcus</i> <i>aureus</i> (2003)

Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus is becoming increasingly prevalent as both a nosocomial and a community-acquired pathogen. Daptomycin, a lipopeptide antibiotic now in phase III clinical trials, is rapidly bactericidal in vitro against a range of gram-positive organisms, including methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA). In this study, we compared the efficacy of daptomycin with that of vancomycin, each with or without rifampin, in a model of experimental aortic valve endocarditis due to MRSA. The infecting strain (MRSA strain 32) was susceptible to daptomycin (MIC = 1 micro g/ml), vancomycin (MIC = 0.5 micro g/ml), and rifampin (MIC = 0.5 micro g/ml). Daptomycin was administered at 25 or 40 mg/kg q24h (q24h) by subcutaneous injection in an attempt to simulate human doses of 4 and 6 mg/kg q24h, respectively. Vancomycin was given at 150 mg/kg q24h by continuous intravenous infusion. Rifampin was given at 25 mg/kg by intramuscular injection q24h. Treatment was started 6 h postinoculation and continued for 4.5 days. Outcome was assessed by counting the residual viable bacteria in vegetations. The mean peak daptomycin levels in serum at 2 h after subcutaneous administration of 25 and 40 mg/kg were 64 and 91 micro g/ml, respectively. Daptomycin was undetectable in serum at 24 h. The total exposure was comparable to that achieved clinically in humans receiving the drug. Bacterial counts (mean log(10) number of CFU per gram +/- the standard deviation) in untreated controls reached 10.6 +/- 0.8. In treated rats, bacterial counts were as follows: vancomycin, 7.1 +/- 2.5; daptomycin at 25 mg/kg, 5.5 +/- 1.7; daptomycin at 40 mg/kg, 4.2 +/- 1.5. The difference between daptomycin at 40 mg/kg and vancomycin at 150 mg/kg was statistically significant (P = 0.004). In the study of combination therapy, vegetation bacterial counts were as follows: daptomycin at 40 mg/kg, 4.6 +/- 1.6; rifampin, 3.6 +/- 1.3; vancomycin plus rifampin, 3.3 +/- 1.1; daptomycin plus rifampin, 2.9 +/- 0.8. The difference between daptomycin and daptomycin plus rifampin was statistically significant (P = 0.006). These results support the continued evaluation of daptomycin for serious MRSA infections, including infective endocarditis.
Oral Azacitidine (CC-486) for the Treatment of Myelodysplastic Syndromes and Acute Myeloid Leukemia (2015)

The myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS) comprise a heterogeneous group of clonal myeloid malignancies characterized by multilineage cytopenias, recurrent cytogenetic abnormalities, and risk of progression to acute myeloid leukemia (AML). AML, which can occur de novo as well as secondary to MDS, is characterized by malignant clones of myeloid lineage in the bone marrow and peripheral blood, with dissemination into tissues. The cytidine nucleoside analog and epigenetic modifier azacitidine is approved in the U.S. for the treatment of all French-American-British subtypes of MDS and in many countries for the treatment of AML with 20%-30% blasts and multilineage dysplasia according to the World Health Organization classification. Benefits of azacitidine treatment of patients with AML with >30% blasts have also been shown in a recent phase III trial. Oral administration of azacitidine may enhance patient convenience, eliminate injection-site reactions, allow for alternative dosing and scheduling, and enable long-term treatment. Phase I studies with oral azacitidine (CC-486) have shown biological activity, clinical responses, and tolerability in patients with MDS and AML. Extended dosing schedules of oral azacitidine (for 14 or 21 days of 28-day cycles) are currently under investigation as frontline therapy in patients with lower risk MDS, as maintenance therapy for patients with AML not eligible for stem cell transplant, and as maintenance therapy for patients with MDS or AML following stem cell transplant. This review presents clinical data supporting the use of injectable azacitidine in MDS and AML and examines the rationale for and results of the clinical development of oral azacitidine.
Error-trellises for convolutional codes .II. Decoding methods (1999)

For pt. I see ibid. vol.46, p.1592-1601 (1998). Soft-decision maximum-likelihood decoding of convolutional codes over GF(q) can be accomplished via searching through an error-trellis for the least weighing error sequence. The error-trellis is obtained by a syndrome-based construction. Its structure lends itself particularly well to the application of expedited search procedures. The method to carry out such error-trellis-based decoding is formulated by four algorithms. Three of these algorithms are aimed at reducing the worst case computational complexity, whereas by applying the fourth algorithm, the average computational complexity is reduced under low to moderate channel wise level. The syndrome decoder achieves substantial worst case and average computational gains in comparison with the conventional maximum-likelihood decoder, namely the Viterbi decoder, which searches for the most likely codeword directly within the code.
Effect of Ultrasonic Wave on the Growth of Corrosion Pits on SUS304 Stainless Steel (2007)

Anodic polarization testing of SUS304 stainless steel was carried out in an aqueous solution of 3.5 mass% NaCl at a potential increasing at a constant rate of 20 mV/min. When the current density reached 2, 10 or 50 A/m2 within the pitting corrosion region, the potential was kept at a constant value for 600 s at each current density. The ultrasonic wave (UW) was applied to the specimen from the beginning of test or just after the current density reached one of these constant values. The current density in these cases was compared with that without the application of UW. The results indicated that when the UW was applied from the beginning of test the current density was not affected by the application of UW in both the cathode and passive regions, but the increase in current density was suppressed by UW when the potential was kept at the constant value after the current density reached 10 or 50 A/m2. Also when the UW was applied just after the current density reached 2, 10 or 50 A/m2 and the potential was kept at the constant value, the increase rate of current density was reduced by the application of UW. At the same time, the number and size of pits were decreased by the application of UW. The reason for the decrease in pitting corrosion was considered to be that UW destroyed the corrosion product on pits and the stirring effect of UW decreased the concentration of hydrogen and chloride ions in the pits, which accelerated the formation of a passive film on the pit wall.
Wavelet localization of the Radon transform in even dimensions (2003)

One of the phenomena associated with the Radon transform is the following: in odd dimensions, local values of a function f:R/sup n/ to R can be determined by local measurements of the integrals of f over (n-1)-dimensional hyperplanes; in even dimensions, local values are globally dependent on the integrals over hyperplanes. The wavelet transform is used to essentially localize the Radon transform in even dimensions. It is believed that this will be significant in the field of medical imaging.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Growthcurver: an R package for obtaining interpretable metrics from microbial growth curves (2016)

Growthcurver is an easy-to-use R package available for installation from the Comprehensive R Archive Network (CRAN). The source code is available under the GNU General Public License and can be obtained from Github (Sprouffske K, Growthcurver sourcecode, 2016).
FITL and B-ISDN: a marriage with a future (1993)

A cost comparison for different broadband access network configurations in the context of fiber-in-the-loop (FITL) is presented. The basic architecture and features of the asynchronous transfer mode (ATM) passive optical network (APON) are described. The design objectives of each of the APON building blocks are clarified, and their relation to the system philosophy is indicated. The building blocks include systems for transport over the PON, operation of the user equipment, and interworking with existing networks.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Analysis of products formed during bleomycin-mediated DNA degradation (1985)

By the use of DNA, copolymers of defined nucleotide composition, and a synthetic dodecanucleotide having putative bleomycin cleavage sites in proximity to the 5'- and 3'-termini, the products formed concomitant with DNA strand scission have been isolated and subjected to structural identification and quantitation via direct comparison with authentic synthetic samples. The products of DNA strand scission by Fe(II)-bleomycin include oligonucleotides having each of the four possible nucleoside 3'-(phosphoro-2''-O-glycolates) at their 3'-termini, as well as the four possible base propenals. At least for 3-(adenin-9'-yl)propenal and 3-(thymin-1'-yl)propenal, the products formed were exclusively of the trans configuration.
Interaction of biological membranes with the cytoskeletal framework of living cells (1988)

The review is focused on the molecular structure and function of the proteins composing the actin-based cytoskeletal cortex, located at the cytoplasmic face of plasma membranes of eucaryotic cells, which stabilizes integral membrane proteins in separate domains of cell membranes. It includes a survey of the molecular properties of the proteins of the erythrocyte membrane skeleton such as spectrin, ankyrin, protein 4.1, and adducin. The properties of the immunological counterparts of erythroid cortical proteins found in nonerythroid tissues and cells are compared. The structural organization and function of the newly discovered class of calcium-binding proteins, nonerythroid peripheral membrane proteins, calpactins, are also described. Finally, the discussion of some experimental models illustrates that the membrane skeleton of living cells is actively involved in a wide variety of essential biological functions ranging from differentiation, to maintenance of cell polarity and cell shape, and regulation of exocytotic processes.
[Malaria alertness in the post-elimination period: clinical and laboratory aspects]. (2014)

Early detection of imported cases of malaria and its prompt and efficacious treatment are one of the main tasks of health workers in malaria prevention during the post-elimination period. The diagnosis and treatment of malaria should be developed and standardized to prevent the re-emergence of local transmission from imported cases of malaria. Its diagnosis must be verified by only laboratory tests during the post-elimination period. Keeping in mind the possible rapid conversion of uncomplicated P. falciparum malaria into a several disease, these all cases should be managed in a hospital setting. The healthcare personnel dealing with the treatment of malaria should be aware of its clinical manifestations in non-immune residents and semi-immune immigrants. The main principles of malaria treatment are discussed in respect of age, sex, pregnancy, and different malaria species.
TI-CE High-Dose Chemotherapy for Patients With Previously Treated Germ Cell Tumors: Results and Prognostic Factor Analysis (2010)

TI-CE is effective salvage therapy for GCT patients with poor prognostic features. Mediastinal primary site and two or more lines of prior therapy were most predictive of adverse DFS. Beyer and Einhorn models can assist in predicting outcome.
Integration of the Advanced Dish Development System (2003)

The Advanced Dish Development System (ADDS) project is an advanced, system-level dish/Stirling solar power system development activity aimed at the remote power marketplace. Unlike any of the other U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) Concentrating Solar Power (CSP) program sponsored activities, the ADDS project is being integrated by Sandia National Laboratories (SNL). Although SNL and the National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL) help the DOE manage the CSP program, previous system development activities were all integrated by industry partners, with SNL and NREL providing technical support. The ADDS project is a technology development activity with the specific objective of fielding a remote, off-grid, water-pumping dish/Stirling system on an Indian reservation in the Southwestern U.S. To meet this objective, the WGAssociates (WGA) solar concentrator and controls, and the SOLO 161 Stirling Power Conversion Unit (PCU) were selected for the major components. The WGA concentrator and controls technology are well advanced and utilize structural facet mirror technology and concentrator structure and controls technology developed over decades with DOE and private investment. The SOLO 161 Stirling PCU, including solar receiver and controls, has also benefited from decades of development. Two ADDS designs have been developed. A first-generation (Mod 1) grid-connected prototype system was fielded at the National Solar Thermal Test Facility (NSTTF) in Albuquerque, NM in the summer of 1999, primarily for the purpose of reliability improvement. In 2000, an upgraded, second-generation (Mod 2) system, including a standalone water-pumping ADDS was developed, and in 2001 it was installed and demonstrated at the NSTTF. While the value of remote power electricity is greater than for utility power, (estimates range from 20 to more than 50 cents per kilowatt-hour) the remote environment presents additional requirements. The ADDS project has been a first step in the development and demonstration of a dish/Stirling system that can potentially address this large commercial opportunity. Integration of the ADDS has also been challenging and rewarding. As a result of the ADDS project, insights beyond specific component expertise have been obtained. Even though we have not been able to achieve our original objective of fielding a dish/Stirling system on an Indian reservation because of reduce budgets, the ADDS project has been successful in that most of the original system specifications and technical objectives were met or exceeded. It has also served as a valuable test bed for the evaluation of advanced technology in a system context. The ADDS technology and results are presented in other papers. In this paper, the integration philosophy and approaches utilized in the various stages of the ADDS project are presented and described. Insights gained from integration of the ADDS are also discussed.
Catalytic Combustion of Carbon by Alkali Metal Carbonates Supported on Perovskite-Type Oxide (1997)

Catalytic activity of alkali metal carbonates was studied for the combustion of activated carbon grains at 673−773 K by supporting the carbonates on carbon, alumina, and a perovskite-type oxide (La0.8Sr0.2Cr0.5Mn0.45Pt0.05O3, LSCMP). Catalytic activity of V2O5/γ-Al2O3 as a typical transition metal oxide catalyst was also measured for comparison. Potassium carbonate supported on the carbon exhibited the largest initial rate of the combustion among the catalysts at 723 K, while the achieved conversion within 3 h increased almost proportional to the ratio of alkali metal to carbon. V2O5 γ-Al2O3 also showed linear increase of achieved conversion with the amount of catalyst, although the slope was much smaller, indicating that the catalytic turnover number is limited. In contrast, the carbonate supported on LSCMP showed high conversion at an alkali metal to carbon ratio as low as 0.012, indicating a very large catalytic turnover number while the initial activity was comparable to that of the same salts on carbon. However, the carbonate supported on γ-Al2O3 and LSCMP alone showed very limited activity. The carbonate supported on LSCMP showed higher activity than carbonates supported on carbon at 673 K. The alkali carbonate seems to be active at lower temperatures on LSCMP. The activities of other alkali carbonates were also measured to examine the role of LSCMP support. Results are discussed from the view point of the reductive activation of the alkali metal salts, sublimation, trapping, and escape of the active species on the support in the catalytic combustion. The unique roles of LSCMP are deduced.
Failure of oocyte maturation: Possible mechanisms for oocyte maturation arrest (2003)

For human IVF, the patient's ovaries are hormonally stimulated to ensure the collection of fully matured oocytes that are at the metaphase II stage. Only these oocytes can be successfully fertilized either when mixed with sperm or after ICSI. Nevertheless, in some cases immature or maturing oocytes are recovered from follicles. Surprisingly, sometimes these oocytes do not complete maturation when cultured in vitro, for unknown reasons. In this article we discuss some possible mechanisms that may be responsible for those atypical arrests.
A Novel Targeted Magnetic Fluid Hyperthermia System Using HTS Coil Array for Tumor Treatment (2012)

This paper presents a concept of a novel targeted magnetic fluid hyperthermia system for tumor treatment. A copper solenoid is engaged to generate an oscillating high-frequency magnetic field in the tumor area to heat the injected nano-particles to kill the tumor cells. In addition, a high temperature superconductor (HTS) coil array consisting of six HTS coils deployed symmetrically in the space surrounding the patient, is used to excite a static magnetic field in the area around the tumor cells to protect the healthy tissues from thermal damage. The design considerations on the HTS coil array and the copper solenoid are introduced. Their performances are quantitatively analyzed by using 3-D finite-element method.
2·4 Gbit/s 100 km penalty-free conventional fibre transmission experiments using GaInAsP electroabsorption modulator (1989)

The superior characteristics of a semiconductor modulator for a multi-Gbit/s and long-haul fibre transmission are confirmed for the first time. A 2·4 Gbit/s over 100 km conventional single-mode fibre transmission has been successfully achieved by using a GaInAsP electroabsorption modulator. No power penalty was observed even under 1700 ps/nm chromatic fibre dispersion.
The Procoagulant Response of Cytomegalovirus Infected Endothelial Cells (1992)

The report describes the effect of an in vitro infection of human umbilical vein endothelial cells with human Cytomegalovirus (CMV). The parameters studied are cellular procoagulant activity, secretion of plasminogen activator inhibitor (PAI-1) and urokinase-type plasminogen activator (u-PA), activation and internalization of factor X and Merocyanine 540 staining. The infection does not result in an increase in PAI-1 and u-PA secretion, but it brings about a procoagulant response, which is relatively rapid compared to the tissue factor mediated response induced by inflammatory mediators. The time course and the coagulation factor dependency suggest a facilitated interaction of coagulation factors on the surface of infected cells. Chromogenic activity measurements after the addition of purified factor X and electron microscopic examination of the cells after addition of colloidal gold-factor X conjugates both point to an internalization of factor X and/or Xa after interaction with the endothelial cell surface. Merocyanine 540 staining suggests that CMV infection leads to membrane perturbations.