gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Laser-Doppler imaging assessment of skin hyperemia as an indicator of trauma after adhesive strip removal. (1997)

The effect of adhesive tape and dressing removal on skin integrity is particularly important for patients who have increased risk for skin damage or impaired physiological responses to skin trauma. Visual observation of skin erythema does not always provide an adequate assessment of acute injury; detection of trauma is limited by the naturally occurring wide range of skin color and tones. This study had two purposes: (1) to assess the sensitivity and objectivity of laser-Doppler perfusion imaging (LDI) in measuring skin blood perfusion in forearm skin before and after removal of adhesive strips and (2) to determine the relationship between skin perfusion levels after adhesive-strip removal and the peel force required to remove the strips. Variations in peel-force levels were obtained in two ways: first, from naturally occurring skin differences; and second, by using an adhesive remover product (ARP) developed to reduce skin trauma. In 10 subjects, acrylic adhesive strips (13 x 70 mm) were placed in pairs on standardized sites on both volar forearms and peeled off 24 hours later at a constant velocity of 5 mm/sec while the peel force was recorded. During peeling, an ARP was used with one strip; nothing was used on the adjacent paired strip (CONTROL). Skin blood perfusion was measured at 5 and 20 minutes after strip removal by non-contact LDI under the ARP and CONTROL conditions simultaneously. Results show that (1) hyperemia after strip removal is linearly related to peel force (r2 = 0.55, p < .01): (2) use of an ARP, as indexed by the hyperemic response, significantly reduces skin trauma (1.02 [SD = 0.11] versus 1.47 [SD = 0.11], p < .01) with a mean CONTROL/ARP ratio of 1.56; and (3) the peel force required is reduced by using an ARP. These findings indicate that LDI is a useful, sensitive tool for assessment of skin trauma and that reducing peel forces has a positive effect.
New Savings from Old Innovations: Asset Building for the Less Affluent (2004)

In this paper, we review data on U.S. household savings, especially by less-affluent
households, discuss theories of savings, and the impediments to savings. These
impediments are a combination of factors that influence behavior by households and
financial service firms. We discuss a number of innovations, largely adapted from
experience with more-affluent financial service consumers, that might increase savings.
These innovations either stimulate the demand for savings by providing incentives for
families to save or making it easier for them to save; or they stimulate the supply of
savings by making it easier or more cost effective for business organizations to serve
this population.
Biofabrication of a three-dimensional liver micro-organ as an <i>in vitro</i> drug metabolism model (2010)

In their normal in vivo matrix milieu, tissues assume complex well-organized three-dimensional architectures. Therefore, the primary aim in the tissue engineering design process is to fabricate an optimal analog of the in vivo scenario. This challenge can be addressed by applying emerging layered biofabrication approaches in which the precise configuration and composition of cells and bioactive matrix components can recapitulate the well-defined three-dimensional biomimetic microenvironments that promote cell-cell and cell-matrix interactions. Furthermore, the advent of and refinements in microfabricated systems can present physical and chemical cues to cells in a controllable and reproducible fashion unmatched with conventional cultures, resulting in the precise construction of engineered biomimetic microenvironments on the cellular length scale in geometries that are readily parallelized for high throughput in vitro models. As such, the convergence of layered solid freeform fabrication (SFF) technologies along with microfabrication techniques enables the creation of a three-dimensional micro-organ device to serve as an in vitro platform for cell culture, drug screening or to elicit further biological insights, particularly for NASA's interest in a flight-suitable high-fidelity microscale platform to study drug metabolism in space and planetary environments. The proposed model in this paper involves the combinatorial setup of an automated syringe-based, layered direct cell writing bioprinting process with micro-patterning techniques to fabricate a microscale in vitro device housing a chamber of bioprinted three-dimensional liver cell-encapsulated hydrogel-based tissue constructs in defined design patterns that biomimic the cell's natural microenvironment for enhanced biological functionality. In order to assess the structural formability and biological feasibility of such a micro-organ, reproducibly fabricated tissue constructs were biologically characterized for liver cell-specific function. Another key facet of the in vivo microenvironment that was recapitulated with the in vitro system included the necessary dynamic perfusion of the three-dimensional microscale liver analog with cells probed for their collective drug metabolic function and suitability as a drug metabolism model. This paper details the principles and methods that undergird the direct cell writing biofabrication process development and adaptation of microfluidic devices for the creation of a drug screening model, thereby establishing a novel drug metabolism study platform for NASA's interest to adopt a microfluidic microanalytical device with an embedded three-dimensional microscale liver tissue analog to assess drug pharmacokinetic profiles in planetary environments.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of New 3‐Substituted s‐Triazolo(3,4‐b)‐8‐methylpyrazolo(3′,4′ ‐e)(5H)‐(1,3,4)thiadiazines. (1991)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Rapid Spectral Cloud Screening Onboard Aircraft and Spacecraft (2014)

Next-generation orbital imaging spectrometers will generate unprecedented data volumes, demanding new methods to optimize storage and communication resources. Here, we demonstrate that onboard analysis can excise cloud-contaminated scenes, reducing data volumes while preserving science return. We calculate optimal cloud-screening parameters in advance, exploiting stable radiometric calibration and foreknowledge of illumination and viewing geometry. Channel thresholds expressed in raw instrument values can be then uploaded to the sensor where they execute in real time at gigabit-per-second (Gb/s) data rates. We present a decision theoretic method for setting these instrument parameters and characterize performance using a continuous three-year image archive from the “classic” Airborne Visible/Infrared Imaging Spectrometer (AVIRIS-C). We then simulate the system onboard the International Space Station, where it provides factor-of-two improvements in data volume with negligible false positives. Finally, we describe a real-time demonstration onboard the AVIRIS Next Generation (AVIRIS-NG) flight platform during a recent science campaign. In this blind test, cloud screening is performed without error while keeping pace with instrument data rates.
A Model System for Studying the Effects of Colloidal Calcium Phosphate Concentration on the Rheological Properties of Cheddar Cheese (2006)

A novel model system was developed for studying the effects of colloidal Ca phosphate (CCP) concentration on the rheological properties of Cheddar cheese, independent of proteolysis and any gross compositional variation. Cheddar cheese slices (disks; diameter = 50 mm, thickness = 2 mm) were incubated in synthetic Cheddar cheese aqueous phase solutions for 6 h at 22C. Control (unincubated) Cheddar cheese had a total Ca and CCP concentration of 2.80 g/100 g of protein and 1.84 g of Ca/100 g of protein, respectively. Increasing the concentration of Ca in the synthetic Cheddar cheese aqueous phase solution incrementally in the range from 1.39 to 8.34 g/L significantly increased the total Ca and CCP concentration of the cheese samples from 2.21 to 4.59 g/100 g of protein and from 1.36 to 2.36 g of Ca/100 g of protein, respectively. Values of storage modulus (index of stiffness) at 70C increased significantly with increasing concentrations of CCP, but the opposite trend was apparent at 20C. The maximum in loss tangent (index of meltability/flowability) decreased significantly with increasing concentration of CCP, and there was no significant effect on the temperature at which the maximum in loss tangent occurred (68 to 70C). Fourier transform mechanical spectroscopy showed the frequency dependence of all of the cheese samples increased with increasing temperature; however, solubilization of CCP increased the frequency dependence of the cheese matrix only in the high temperature region (i.e., >35C). These results support earlier studies that hypothesized that the concentration of CCP strongly modulates the rheological properties of cheese.
Common mode voltage in case of transformerless PV inverters connected to the grid (2008)

For safety reasons grid connected PV systems include galvanic isolation. In case of transformerless inverters, the leakage ground current through the parasitic capacitance of the PV panels, can reach very high values. A common-mode model based on analytical approach is introduced, used to predict the common-mode behavior, at frequencies lower than 50 kHz, of the selected topologies and to explain the influence of system imbalance on the leakage current. It will be demonstrated that the neutral inductance has a crucial influence on the leakage current. Finally experimental results will be shown for the NPC topology, emphasizing the low leakage current for the case of a grid connection without galvanic isolation.
Planar digital nanoliter dispensing system based on thermocapillary actuation (2010)

We provide guidelines for the design and operation of a planar digital nanodispensing system based on thermocapillary actuation. Thin metallic microheaters embedded within a chemically patterned glass substrate are electronically activated to generate and control 2D surface temperature distributions which either arrest or trigger liquid flow and droplet formation on demand. This flow control is a consequence of the variation of a liquid's surface tension with temperature, which is used to draw liquid toward cooler regions of the supporting substrate. A liquid sample consisting of several microliters is placed on a flat rectangular supply cell defined by chemical patterning. Thermocapillary switches are then activated to extract a slender fluid filament from the cell and to divide the filament into an array of droplets whose position and volume are digitally controlled. Experimental results for the power required to extract a filament and to divide it into two or more droplets as a function of geometric and operating parameters are in excellent agreement with hydrodynamic simulations. The capability to dispense ultralow volumes onto a 2D substrate extends the functionality of microfluidic devices based on thermocapillary actuation previously shown effective in routing and mixing nanoliter liquid samples on glass or silicon substrates.
Detection of HBsAg-anti-HBs complex by double-labelling immunofluorescence method (2001)

AIM To find out which form Hepatitis B Virus (HBV) takes in the infection of the first layer cell of placenta barrier trophoblast cells. METHODS HBsAg anti HBs complexes in HBsAg seropositive maternal placenta tissues were tested by double labeling immunofluorenscence method visualized with laser scanning confocal microscope. RESULTS HBsAg anti HBs complexes were found mainly on trophoblast cells (TC) of HBsAg seropositive maternal placenta tissues. CONCLUSION HBsAg and anti HBs are formed as HBsAg anti HBs complexes before entry into trophoblast cells, which may result in the infection of the first layer cell of placenta barrier.
Microwave Phase Detectors for PSK Demodulators (1981)

The simplest circuits for microwave phase detectors and their operation are described. Approximate analytical expressions for the output characteristic of the various circuits are given. Accurate prediction of detector performance is achieved with a large-signal nonlinear analysis using simultaneously the time- and frequency-domain approach. Applying the theory developed, the effects which cause deformation of the detector characteristic are investigated. Results of practical circuits operating in the 14-GHz range are given and compared with regard to phase-demodulator applications. A low-level phase detector is presented which permits 20-dB level variation with less than 2° phase error.
Nitroxide‐Mediated Polymerization of Styrene in a Continuous Tubular Reactor (2005)

Abstract Summary: Nitroxide‐mediated polymerization of styrene in a continuous tubular reactor has been demonstrated for the first time. The polymerization kinetics in the tubular reactor are similar to those in a batch reactor. The number average molecular weight increases linearly with conversion, and chain extension experiments were successful, indicating that the living nature of the polymerization is maintained in the tubular reactor. Evolution of molecular weight as measured by GPC for chain‐extended latex in continuous tubular reactor. magnified image Evolution of molecular weight as measured by GPC for chain‐extended latex in continuous tubular reactor.
Mesenchymal Stem Cells: Time to Change the Name! (2017)

Summary Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) were officially named more than 25 years ago to represent a class of cells from human and mammalian bone marrow and periosteum that could be isolated and expanded in culture while maintaining their in vitro capacity to be induced to form a variety of mesodermal phenotypes and tissues. The in vitro capacity to form bone, cartilage, fat, etc., became an assay for identifying this class of multipotent cells and around which several companies were formed in the 1990s to medically exploit the regenerative capabilities of MSCs. Today, there are hundreds of clinics and hundreds of clinical trials using human MSCs with very few, if any, focusing on the in vitro multipotential capacities of these cells. Unfortunately, the fact that MSCs are called “stem cells” is being used to infer that patients will receive direct medical benefit, because they imagine that these cells will differentiate into regenerating tissue-producing cells. Such a stem cell treatment will presumably cure the patient of their medically relevant difficulties ranging from osteoarthritic (bone-on-bone) knees to various neurological maladies including dementia. I now urge that we change the name of MSCs to Medicinal Signaling Cells to more accurately reflect the fact that these cells home in on sites of injury or disease and secrete bioactive factors that are immunomodulatory and trophic (regenerative) meaning that these cells make therapeutic drugs in situ that are medicinal. It is, indeed, the patient's own site-specific and tissue-specific resident stem cells that construct the new tissue as stimulated by the bioactive factors secreted by the exogenously supplied MSCs.
Optimal Porosity Distribution for Minimized Ohmic Drop across a Porous Electrode (2010)

This paper considers the design of spatially varying porosity profiles in next-generation electrodes based on simultaneous optimization of a porous-electrode model. Model-based optimal design not including the solid-phase intercalation mechanism is applied to a porous positive electrode made of lithium cobalt oxide, which is commonly used in lithium-ion batteries for various applications. For a fixed amount of active material, optimal grading of the porosity across the electrode was found to decrease the ohmic resistance by 15%-33%, which in turn increases the electrode capacity to hold and deliver energy. The optimal porosity grading was predicted to have 40% lower variation in the ohmic resistance to variations in model parameters due to manufacturing imprecision or capacity fade. The results suggest that the potential for the simultaneous model-based design of electrode material properties that employ more detailed physics-based first-principles electrochemical engineering models to determine optimal design values for manufacture and experimental evaluation.
Psychopathology in children: The transdiagnostic contribution of affiliative capacity and inhibitory control (2022)

Recent initiatives have focused on integrating transdiagnostic biobehavioral processes or dispositions with dimensional models of psychopathology. Toward this goal, biobehavioral traits of affiliative capacity (AFF) and inhibitory control (INH) hold particular promise as they demonstrate transdiagnostic stability and predictive validity across developmental stages and differing measurement modalities. The current study employed data from different modes of measurement in a sample of 1830 children aged 5-10 years to test for associations of AFF and INH, individually and interactively, with broad dimensions of psychopathology. Low AFF, assessed via parent-report, evidenced predictive relations with distress- and externalizing-related problems. INH as assessed by cognitive-task performance did not relate itself to either psychopathology dimension, but it moderated the effects observed for low AFF, such that high INH protected against distress symptoms in low-AFF participants, whereas low INH amplified distress and externalizing symptoms in low-AFF participants. Results are discussed in the context of the interface of general trait transdiagnostic risk factors with quantitatively derived dimensional models of psychopathology.
Subcutaneous injection-induced cellulites (2017)

In the hospice ward where patients are in the terminal stages of cancer, it is common practice to give them a subcutaneous injection of pain relievers to reduce their pain and make them more comfortable. Most of these patients are elderly and have low blood pressure or poor veins, which often makes it difficult to inject them because of the calcification at previous injection sites. Thus, subcutaneous injections are a convenient way to maintain analgesia and patient comfort. Our patient, a 73-year-old aboriginal woman, was diagnosed with gastric adenocarcinoma and peritoneal carcinomatosis in March, 2004. While she was in the inpatient hospice ward, a subcutaneous injection site became infected and localized cellulitis developed. The patient's quality of life began to decline and her hospice stay was lengthened due to these complications. This case is offered as a reference case of subcutaneous injection complications encountered by elderly patients in hospice care.
The phloem, a miracle of ingenuity (2003)

ABSTRACT This review deals with aspects of the cellular and molecular biology of the sieve element/companion cell complex, the functional unit of sieve tubes in angiosperms. It includes the following issues: (a) evolution of the sieve elements; (b) the specific structural outfit of sieve elements and its functional significance; (c) modes of cellular and molecular interaction between sieve element and companion cell; (d) plasmodesmal trafficking between sieve element and companion cell as the basis for macromolecular long‐distance signalling in the phloem; (e) diversity of sieve element/companion cell complexes in the respective phloem zones (collection phloem, transport phloem, release phloem); (f) deployment of carriers, pumps and channels on the plasma membrane of sieve element/companion cell complexes in various phloem zones; and (g) implications of the molecular‐cellular equipment of sieve element/companion cells complexes for mass flow of water and solutes in a whole‐plant frame.
Measuring Interlayer Shear Stress in Bilayer Graphene (2017)

<p>\n\tMonolayer two-dimensional (2D) crystals exhibit a host of intriguing properties, but the most exciting applications may come from stacking them into multilayer structures. Interlayer and interfacial shear interactions could play a crucial role in the performance and reliability of these applications, but little is known about the key parameters controlling shear deformation across the layers and interfaces between 2D materials. Herein, we report the first measurement of the interlayer shear stress of bilayer graphene based on pressurized microscale bubble loading devices. We demonstrate continuous growth of an interlayer shear zone outside the bubble edge and extract an interlayer shear stress of 40 kPa based on a membrane analysis for bilayer graphene bubbles. Meanwhile, a much higher interfacial shear stress of 1.64 MPa was determined for monolayer graphene on a silicon oxide substrate. Our results not only provide insights into the interfacial shear responses of the thinnest structures possible, but also establish an experimental method for characterizing the fundamental interlayer shear properties of the emerging 2D materials for potential applications in multilayer systems.</p>
Extending the Ciphertext-Policy Attribute Based Encryption Scheme for Supporting Flexible Access Control (2013)

Ciphertext-Policy Attribute Based Encryption (CP-ABE) is recognized as an important data protection mechanism in cloud computing environment for its flexible, scalable and fine-grained access control features. For enhancing its security, efficiency and policy flexibility, researchers have proposed different schemes of CP-ABE which have different kinds of access policy structures. However, as far as we know, most of these structures only support AND, OR and threshold attribute operations. In order to achieve more effective data self-protection mechanisms in open environments such as Cloud computing, CP-ABE needs to support more flexible attribute based policies, most of which are described using operators of NOT, , ≥. This paper proposed an Extended CP-ABE(ECP-ABE) scheme based on the existing CP-ABE scheme. The ECP-ABE scheme can express any access policy represented by arithmetic comparison and logical expressions that involve NOT, , ≥ operators in addition to AND, OR and threshold operators. We prove the Chosen-plaintext Attack (CPA) security of our scheme under the Decisional Bilinear Diffie-Hellman (DBDH) assumption in the standard model, and also discuss the experimental results of the efficiency of ECP-ABE.
Short Notices (1983)

Short Notices Get access P. M. JONES P. M. JONES University of Birmingham Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar The English Historical Review, Volume XCVIII, Issue CCCLXXXVI, January 1983, Pages 222-b–223, https://doi.org/10.1093/ehr/XCVIII.CCCLXXXVI.222-b Published: 01 January 1983
Span Selection Pre-training for Question Answering (2020)

Michael Glass, Alfio Gliozzo, Rishav Chakravarti, Anthony Ferritto, Lin Pan, G P Shrivatsa Bhargav, Dinesh Garg, Avi Sil. Proceedings of the 58th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics. 2020.