gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Using Bioinspired Thermally Triggered Liposomes for High-Efficiency Mixing and Reagent Delivery in Microfluidic Devices (2003)

High-efficiency mixing is of fundamental importance for the successful development and application of lab-on-a-chip devices. In this report, we present the use of bioinspired thermally triggered liposomes for the controlled delivery and subsequent rapid mixing of reagents in a microfluidic device. In this technique, reagents are encapsulated inside the aqueous interior of liposomes that are dispersed evenly throughout a microfluidic system. Mixing of the encapsulated reagent and reaction do not occur until the reagent is released by a thermal trigger. This approach takes advantage of the dramatically increased lipid membrane permeability of liposomes near the gel-to-liquid phase transition temperature (T(m)) to deliver reagents at a precise location in the microfluidic device through the modulation of temperature. Implementation of this technique requires the encapsulation of the desired reagent in a liposome whose formulation has an appropriate T(m), as well as accurate spatial control of the temperature in the microfluidic device. As the liposomes are uniformly dispersed through the microfluidic channel, mixing occurs quite rapidly upon the release of the reagent. We demonstrate this technique by using several formulations of thermally triggered liposomes to release the hydrophilic fluorescent dyes at controlled locations in a polycarbonate microfluidic device. Additionally, we demonstrate a DNA labeling reaction using liposomes in a capillary-based microfluidic device. Under the conditions studied here, mixing and reaction are complete in approximately 200 microm of channel length. We believe this approach holds great promise for the performance of rapid high-throughput assays and in particular for biological analytes whose native environment is mimicked by the liposome.
A New Method to Accurately Model Hydrocarbon Saturation in a Reservoir (2019)

Abstract Hydrocarbon in place volumes are often inaccurate as a result of poor representation of the reservoir structure (by means of a 3D grid), that in combination with the use of traditional saturation calculation methods, lead to erroneous hydrocarbon volumes and poor investment decisions. Traditionally a reservoir model is represented with a 3D grid, in a complex setting such as fault intersections and stacked reservoirs. A corner point grid is often used, which has limitations to represent this complexity. Further, the hydrocarbon saturations are then derived on a cell by cell basis on that 3D grid using simple averaging techniques of saturation height functions. The poor structure representation on the pillar grid in addition to the simplistic averaging methods lead to inaccuracies of the in place volumes especially where a prominent transition zone is present. This paper presents new advanced saturation averaging methods (volume and height weighted) using saturation height functions on 3D grids. The new advanced saturation averaging methods are used on different reservoir models to compare the saturation distribution and volumetric differences against the traditional saturation calculation methods. A 4-way dip closure reservoir model with a tilted free water level (typical example of a carbonate reservoir in the Middle East), and a faulted S-grid model of the F3-FA field (North Sea) are used. For the 4-way dip closure reservoir model, when comparing the advanced ‘volume weighted’ and traditional ‘by center of the part of the cell’ saturation averaging methods, a significant difference in the water saturations is observed which leads to about 5% difference in the calculation of in place hydrocarbon volumes. Further, it is observed that changing the thickness and orientation of the 3D grid cells can result in even larger differences of 5-10%. The faulted F3 model shows that the difference between the hydrocarbon saturation values is largest where it matters most, that is, around the fluid contacts and in the transition zone. The new advanced saturation averaging methods give accurate hydrocarbon saturations irrespective of the size or complexity of the 3D grid and without any discretization effects.
A complexity analysis of sequential ATPG (1996)

The research reported in this paper has been conducted to identify those attributes, of both sequential circuits and structural, sequential automatic test pattern generation algorithms, which can lead to extremely long test generation times. The retiming transformation is used to create families of circuits which have the same sequential depth and number and length of cycles, but a significantly different percentage of valid states. It was observed for three different sequential test pattern generators that the increase in complexity of test pattern generation is related to a new circuit attribute, termed density of encoding, and not to the sequential depth or number and length of cycles-i.e., those circuit parameters to which the complexity of test pattern generation has traditionally been attributed.
Multicarrier Modulation as a Navigation Signal of Opportunity (2008)

The global positioning system (GPS) generally provides worldwide high-accuracy positioning. However, GPS requires lines of sight to multiple satellites and may be blocked or jammed, hence backup navigation techniques are of interest. Navigation via signals of opportunity uses existing radio infrastructure as ad hoc navigational beacons. A mobile receiver determines its position by computing a time difference of arrival (TDOA) between signal reception time at the mobile and at a reference receiver. The drawback is that this requires communication between the reference and mobile receivers. In this paper, we show that multicarrier modulation is an ideal candidate for a navigation signal of opportunity. We show that communication between the reference and mobile can be very minimal for multicarrier modulation compared to other modulation types, since the block structure inherently aids synchronization of the two received signals. Simulations are used to quantify the performance of the TDOA estimate as a function of the SNR and the bandwidth between the reference and the mobile.
Breast Tomosynthesis: Present Considerations and Future Applications (2007)

Mammography is an effective imaging tool for detecting breast cancer at an early stage and is the only screening modality proved to reduce mortality from breast cancer. However, the overlap of tissues depicted on mammograms may create significant obstacles to the detection and diagnosis of abnormalities. Diagnostic testing initiated because of a questionable result at screening mammography frequently causes patients unnecessary anxiety and incurs increased medical costs. Breast tomosynthesis, a new tool that is based on the acquisition of three-dimensional digital image data, could help solve the problem of interpreting mammographic features produced by tissue overlap. Although the technology has not yet been approved by the Food and Drug Administration, breast tomosynthesis has the potential to help reduce recall rates, improve the selection of patients for biopsy, and increase cancer detection rates, especially in patients with dense breasts. Supplemental material available at radiographics.rsnajnls.org/cgi/content/full/27/S231/DC1.
Hemagglutination by psittacine beak and feather disease virus and use of hemagglutination inhibition for detection of antibodies against the virus (1991)

SUMMARY Conditions for psittacine beak and feather disease ( pbfd ) virus hemagglutination and hemagglutination-inhibition ( hi ) test reactions are defined. The pbfd virus was found to hemagglutinate cockatoo and some guinea pig erythrocytes. The hi test was used to assay serum antibody titer in birds with active pbfd virus infections and in others that had been exposed to diseased birds. On the basis of hi antibody titers in psittacine birds that had been exposed to pbfd virus, but remained clinically normal, we suggest that some birds exposed to the virus are able to mount an effective immune response. Birds with active pbfd virus infections had lower antibody values than did birds that had been exposed to the virus, but remained clinically normal. On the basis of these findings, the ability to develop a suitable hi antibody response may be crucial in determining the disease status of susceptible birds exposed to the pbfd virus. If hi antibodies are found to have neutralizing activity, then the fact that a high hi titer was induced in birds inoculated with purified pbfd virus might suggest that an immunization program would be effective in preventing pbfd virus infections.
Pangloss: Fast Entity Linking in Noisy Text Environments (2018)

Entity linking is the task of mapping potentially ambiguous terms in text to their constituent entities in a knowledge base like Wikipedia. This is useful for organizing content, extracting structured data from textual documents, and in machine learning relevance applications like semantic search, knowledge graph construction, and question answering. Traditionally, this work has focused on text that has been well-formed, like news articles, but in common real world datasets such as messaging, resumes, or short-form social media, non-grammatical, loosely-structured text adds a new dimension to this problem. This paper presents Pangloss, a production system for entity disambiguation on noisy text. Pangloss combines a probabilistic linear-time key phrase identification algorithm with a semantic similarity engine based on context-dependent document embeddings to achieve better than state-of-the-art results (>5% in F1) compared to other research or commercially available systems. In addition, Pangloss leverages a local embedded database with a tiered architecture to house its statistics and metadata, which allows rapid disambiguation in streaming contexts and on-device disambiguation in low-memory environments such as mobile phones.
High Power Travelling-Wave Type Ultrasonic Motor (1995)

We have performed an experiment aimed at developing a high power ultrasonic motor based on a thin, lightweight, travelling-wave type design. This paper presents a detailed analysis of experimental results. Three prototype motors of the improved type were fabricated, having outer diameters of 50, 70 and 90 mm. Compared to a motor employing a piezoelectric element of the same outer diameter and the same resistive resin material as conventional types of motors, approximately twice as high maximum torque and four times as high maximum output power have been obtained with the prototype motors. It has also been confirmed that these motors have sufficient durability to withstand high-loads.
Passive seismic field pilot for Arab-D Reservoir monitoring (2008)

Passive seismic methods have been traditionally applied to study the Earth’s internal structure using earthquake data. It is only recently that these methods have been used in petroleum reservoir delineation. Monitoring of fluid pathways in a producing reservoir is imperative for optimal reservoir management and maximal oil recovery. A pilot microseismic experiment has been designed and implemented in a Saudi Arabian oil field for mapping of Arab-D Reservoir drainage patterns. The experiment is unique because of the large array of permanent multicomponent seismic sensors that are deployed at various levels in the borehole and over a surface area surrounding the borehole. The passive microseisms are recorded simultaneously in the surface and borehole sensors. The<br>field pilot will test the ability for recording microseismic events caused by Arab-D Reservoir production and injection activities. The combined surface and boreholebased measurements are designed to provide a wide areal coverage over the reservoir. The sensor network is designed to capture events of greater than Richter magnitude -3, with frequencies from 10 to 1,000 Hertz within two kilometers of the hypocenters. In addition to microseismic, permanent pressure and temperature sensors were installed in the wellbore. Fluid-flow anisotropy in the area is evident from production behavior and well test data but the flow pathways and mechanism for the anisotropy are not resolved. Microseismic data could provide the location and relative fracture density that will improve the reservoir-flow, simulation models. Monitoring microseismic events over time will enable better prediction of fluid-flow behavior and the planning of production and injection well locations for optimizing reservoir production and ultimate recovery.
Deterministic spectral tuning of InAs quantum dots in photonic crystal membrane diodes with laser annealing (2017)

The spectral inhomogeneity of semiconductor quantum dots (QDs) is a major challenge preventing the development of scalable QD quantum networks. Using laser annealing, three QDs are tuned into resonance, paving the way for on-chip quantum networks.
<title>Embedded DCT and wavelet methods for fine granular scalable video: analysis and comparison</title> (2000)

Video transmission over bandwidth-varying networks is becoming increasingly important due to emerging applications such as streaming of video over the Internet. The fundamental obstacle in designing such systems resides in the varying characteristics of the Internet (i.e. bandwidth variations and packet-loss patterns). In MPEG-4, a new SNR scalability scheme, called Fine-Granular-Scalability (FGS), is currently under standardization, which is able to adapt in real-time (i.e. at transmission time) to Internet bandwidth variations. The FGS framework consists of a non-scalable motion-predicted base-layer and an intra-coded fine-granular scalable enhancement layer. For example, the base layer can be coded using a DCT-based MPEG-4 compliant, highly efficient video compression scheme. Subsequently, the difference between the original and decoded base-layer is computed, and the resulting FGS-residual signal is intra-frame coded with an embedded scalable coder. In order to achieve high coding efficiency when compressing the FGS enhancement layer, it is crucial to analyze the nature and characteristics of residual signals common to the SNR scalability framework (including FGS). In this paper, we present a thorough analysis of SNR residual signals by evaluating its statistical properties, compaction efficiency and frequency characteristics. The signal analysis revealed that the energy compaction of the DCT and wavelet transforms is limited and the frequency characteristic of SNR residual signals decay rather slowly. Moreover, the blockiness artifacts of the low bit-rate coded base-layer result in artificial high frequencies in the residual signal. Subsequently, a variety of wavelet and embedded DCT coding techniques applicable to the FGS framework are evaluated and their results are interpreted based on the identified signal properties. As expected from the theoretical signal analysis, the rate-distortion performances of the embedded wavelet and DCT-based coders are very similar. However, improved results can be obtained for the wavelet coder by deblocking the base- layer prior to the FGS residual computation. Based on the theoretical analysis and our measurements, we can conclude that for an optimal complexity versus coding-efficiency trade- off, only limited wavelet decomposition (e.g. 2 stages) needs to be performed for the FGS-residual signal. Also, it was observed that the good rate-distortion performance of a coding technique for a certain image type (e.g. natural still-images) does not necessarily translate into similarly good performance for signals with different visual characteristics and statistical properties.
Solid Lighting Core Technologies (2011)

The overall objective of this project is to demonstrate an ultra-effective light extraction mechanism that can be universally applied to all top-emitting white OLEDs (TE-WOLEDs) and can be integrated with thin film encapsulation techniques. The scope of work proposed in this project includes four major areas: (1) optical modeling; (2) microlens and array fabrication; (3) fabrication, encapsulation, and characterization of TE-WOLEDs; and (4) full device integration and characterization. First, the light extraction efficiency in a top-emitting OLED with or without a microlens array are modeled using wave optics. Second, individual microlenses and microlens arrays are fabricated by inkjet printing of microdroplets of a liquid thiol-ene monomer with high refractive index followed by photopolymerization. Third, high efficiency top-emitting white OLEDs are fabricated, and fully characterized. Finally, optimized microlens arrays are fabricated on TE-WOLEDs with dielectric barrier layers. The overall light extraction efficiency of these devices, as well as its wavelength and angular dependencies, are measured by comparing the efficiencies of devices with and without microlens arrays. In conclusion, we have demonstrated the feasibility of applying inkjet printed microlens arrays to enhance the light extraction efficiency of top-emitting white OLEDs. We have shown that the geometry (contact angle) of the printed microlenses can be controlled by controlling the surface chemistry prior to printing the lenses. A 90% enhancement in the light extraction efficiency has been achieved with printed microlens array on a top-emitting white OLED, which can be further improved to 140% using a more close-packed microlens array fabricated from a molding process. Future work will focus on improvement of the microlens fabrication process to improve the array fill factor and the contact angle, as well as use transparent materials with a higher index of refraction. We will also further optimize the procedures for integrating the microlenses on the top-emitting white OLEDs and characterize the overall light extraction enhancement factor when the microlens array is attached.
Introduction of Pinning Centres in Hish-Temperature Superconducting “Bi<sub>2</sub>Sr<sub>2</sub> CaCu<sub>2</sub>O<sub>8</sub>” Ceramics (1995)

Article Introduction of Pinning Centres in Hish-Temperature Superconducting “Bi2Sr2 CaCu2O8” Ceramics was published on August 1, 1995 in the journal International Journal of Materials Research (volume 86, issue 8).
Open loop fibre optic gyroscope with phase shift nulling signal processing (1990)

A simple analogue phase tracking circuit for the fibre gyroscope is described. The system provides a linear output from an open loop gyroscope configuration over a range in Sagnac phase shift >±500° Sagnac, with good linearity and relatively low noise and drift. The use of this demodulator in low-cost medium grade fibre gyroscope applications is projected.
ChemInform Abstract: Potent Inhibition of Retinoic Acid Metabolism Enzyme(s) by Novel Azolyl Retinoids. (2000)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
High-speed digital data transmission usingmid-infrared quantum cascade lasers (2001)

High-speed mid-infrared quantum cascade lasers with direct modulation bandwidth of approximately 7 GHz have been developed. Error-free digital data transmission at 2.5 Gbit/s is demonstrated with devices emitting at 8 µm and operating at temperatures up to 85 K.
Combined Supplementation with Glycine and Tryptophan Reduces Purine-Induced Serum Uric Acid Elevation by Accelerating Urinary Uric Acid Excretion: A Randomized, Single-Blind, Placebo-Controlled, Crossover Study (2019)

The authors previously confirmed the serum uric acid-lowering effects of the combination of glycine and tryptophan in subjects with mild hyperuricemia. This study examined whether combined supplementation with glycine and tryptophan suppressed the elevation in serum uric acid levels caused by purine ingestion and accelerated urinary uric acid excretion in subjects with lower urate excretion using a randomized, single-blind, placebo-controlled, crossover clinical trial design. Healthy Japanese adult males with lower urate excretion ingested water containing purines in addition to dextrin (placebo), tryptophan, glycine, or a glycine and tryptophan mixture. The combined supplementation with glycine and tryptophan significantly reduced the elevated serum uric acid levels after purine ingestion. Glycine alone and in combination with tryptophan significantly increased urinary uric acid excretion and urate clearance compared with the effects of the placebo. Urinary pH increased by the ingestion of the mixture. These results suggested that the improved water solubility of uric acid due to increased urinary pH contributed to the increase of urinary uric acid excretion.
Accuracy of a rapid glial fibrillary acidic protein/ubiquitin carboxyl‐terminal hydrolase L1 test for the prediction of intracranial injuries on head computed tomography after mild traumatic brain injury (2021)

A rapid i-STAT-based test had high sensitivity for prediction of acute TII, comparable to lab-based platforms. The speed, portability, and high accuracy of this test may facilitate clinical adoption of brain biomarker testing as an aid to head CT decision making in EDs.
Optical polarization characteristics of semipolar (303¯1) and (303¯1¯) InGaN/GaN light-emitting diodes (2012)

Linear polarized electroluminescence was investigated for semipolar (3031) and (3031) InGaN light-emitting diodes (LEDs) with various indium compositions. A high degree of optical polarization was observed for devices on both planes, ranging from 0.37 at 438 nm to 0.79 at 519 nm. The extracted valence band energy separation was consistent with the optical polarization ratios. The effect of anisotropic strain on the valance band structure was studied using k?p method for the above two planes. The theoretical calculations are consistent with the experimental results.
Drought- and salt-tolerant plants result from overexpression of the AVP1 H <sup>+</sup> -pump (2001)

Transgenic plants overexpressing the vacuolar H(+)-pyrophosphatase are much more resistant to high concentrations of NaCl and to water deprivation than the isogenic wild-type strains. These transgenic plants accumulate more Na(+) and K(+) in their leaf tissue than the wild type. Moreover, direct measurements on isolated vacuolar membrane vesicles derived from the AVP1 transgenic plants and from wild type demonstrate that the vesicles from the transgenic plants have enhanced cation uptake. The phenotypes of the AVP1 transgenic plants suggest that increasing the vacuolar proton gradient results in increased solute accumulation and water retention. Presumably, sequestration of cations in the vacuole reduces their toxic effects. Genetically engineered drought- and salt-tolerant plants could provide an avenue to the reclamation of farmlands lost to agriculture because of salinity and a lack of rainfall.
Summarizing tagged image collections by cross-media representativeness voting (2009)

In this paper, we address the problem of generating both visual and textual summaries for tagged image collections simultaneously. The visual and textual summaries consist of representative images and tags of the collection, which are selected through a proposed cross-media voting scheme. In the voting scheme, the likelihood of an image to be a representative is voted by not only other images but also the tags, according to the intra-media and cross-media affinities. The likelihood of a tag to be a representative is obtained in similar manner at the same time. We demonstrate that the proposed scheme produces more informative textual and visual summaries than summarizing images and tags separately.