gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Single Password Authentication. (2013)

Users frequently reuse their passwords when authenticating to various online services. Combined with the use of weak passwords or honeypot/phishing attacks, this brings high risks to the security of the user’s account information. In this paper, we propose several protocols that can allow a user to use a single password to authenticate to multiple services securely. All our constructions provably protect the user from dictionary attacks on the password, and cross-site impersonation or honeypot attacks by the online service providers. Our solutions assume the user has access to either an untrusted online cloud storage service (as per Boyen [14]), or a mobile storage device that is trusted until stolen. In the cloud storage scenario, we consider schemes that optimize for either storage server or online service performance, as well as anonymity and unlinkability of the user’s actions. In the mobile storage scenario, we minimize the assumptions we make about the capabilities of the mobile device: we do not assume synchronization, tamper resistance, special or expensive hardware, or extensive cryptographic capabilities. Most importantly, the user’s password remains secure even after the mobile device is stolen. Our protocols provide another layer of security against malware and phishing. To the best of our knowledge, we are the first to propose such various and provably secure password-based authentication schemes. Lastly, we argue that our constructions are relatively easy to deploy, especially if a few single sign-on services (e.g., Microsoft, Google, Facebook) adopt our proposal.
Novel Chemical Suppressors of Long QT Syndrome Identified by an In Vivo Functional Screen (2010)

Using a zebrafish model of LQT type 2 syndrome in a high-throughput chemical screen, we have identified 2 compounds, flurandrenolide and the novel compound 2-MMB, as small molecules that rescue the zebrafish LQT type 2 syndrome by shortening the ventricular action potential duration. We provide evidence that flurandrenolide functions via the glucocorticoid receptor-mediated pathway. These 2 molecules and future discoveries from this screen should yield novel tools for the study of cardiac electrophysiology and may lead to novel therapeutics for human LQT patients.
Quantification and Qualification of Bacteria Trapped in Chewed Gum (2015)

Chewing of gum contributes to the maintenance of oral health. Many oral diseases, including caries and periodontal disease, are caused by bacteria. However, it is unknown whether chewing of gum can remove bacteria from the oral cavity. Here, we hypothesize that chewing of gum can trap bacteria and remove them from the oral cavity. To test this hypothesis, we developed two methods to quantify numbers of bacteria trapped in chewed gum. In the first method, known numbers of bacteria were finger-chewed into gum and chewed gums were molded to standard dimensions, sonicated and plated to determine numbers of colony-forming-units incorporated, yielding calibration curves of colony-forming-units retrieved versus finger-chewed in. In a second method, calibration curves were created by finger-chewing known numbers of bacteria into gum and subsequently dissolving the gum in a mixture of chloroform and tris-ethylenediaminetetraacetic-acid (TE)-buffer. The TE-buffer was analyzed using quantitative Polymerase-Chain-Reaction (qPCR), yielding calibration curves of total numbers of bacteria versus finger-chewed in. Next, five volunteers were requested to chew gum up to 10 min after which numbers of colony-forming-units and total numbers of bacteria trapped in chewed gum were determined using the above methods. The qPCR method, involving both dead and live bacteria yielded higher numbers of retrieved bacteria than plating, involving only viable bacteria. Numbers of trapped bacteria were maximal during initial chewing after which a slow decrease over time up to 10 min was observed. Around 10(8) bacteria were detected per gum piece depending on the method and gum considered. The number of species trapped in chewed gum increased with chewing time. Trapped bacteria were clearly visualized in chewed gum using scanning-electron-microscopy. Summarizing, using novel methods to quantify and qualify oral bacteria trapped in chewed gum, the hypothesis is confirmed that chewing of gum can trap and remove bacteria from the oral cavity.
Imaging Bradykinin B1 Receptor with<sup>68</sup>Ga-Labeled [des-Arg<sup>10</sup>]Kallidin Derivatives: Effect of the Linker on Biodistribution and Tumor Uptake (2015)

Bradykinin B1 receptor (B1R) that is overexpressed in cancers but minimally expressed in normal healthy tissues represents an attractive biomarker for the development of cancer imaging agents. The goal of this study was to evaluate the effect of different linkers on the pharmacokinetics and tumor uptake of a B1R-targeting radio-peptide sequence, 68Ga-DOTA-linker-Lys-Arg-Pro-Hyp-Gly-Cha-Ser-Pro-Leu. Four peptides, SH01078, P03034, P04115, and P04168, with 6-aminohexanoic acid, 9-amino-4,7-dioxanonanoic acid, Gly-Gly, and 4-amino-(1-carboxymethyl)piperidine, respectively, as the linker were synthesized and evaluated. In vitro competition binding assays showed that the Ki values of SH01078, P03034, P04115, and P04168 were 27.8±4.9, 16.0±1.9, 11.4±2.5, and 3.6±0.2 nM, respectively. Imaging and biodistribution studies were performed in mice bearing both B1R-positive HEK293T::hB1R and B1R-negative HEK293T tumors. All tracers showed mainly renal excretion with excellent tumor visualization and minimal background activity except for kidneys and bladder. The average uptake of 68Ga-labeled SH01078, P03034, and P04115 in HEK293T::hB1R tumor was similar (1.96-2.17%ID/g) at 1 h postinjection. 68Ga-P04168 generated higher HEK293T::hB1R tumor uptake (4.15±1.13%ID/g) and lower background activity, leading to a >2-fold improvement in HEK293T::hB1R tumor-to-background (HEK293T tumor, blood, muscle, and liver) contrasts over those of 68Ga-labeled SH01078, P03034, and P04115. Our results indicate that the choice of linker affects binding affinity, pharmacokinetics, and tumor targeting. The use of the cationic 4-amino-(1-carboxymethyl)piperidine linker improved tumor visualization, and the resulting 68Ga-P04168 might be promising for clinical application for imaging B1R-expressing tumors with positron emission tomography.
Prediction Signal Aided Spatially Varying Transform (2011)

Spatially Varying Transform (SVT) is a technique introduced earlier to improve the coding efficiency of video coders [1][2]. SVT allows the position of the transform block within the macroblock to vary in order to better localize the underlying residual signal. The coding gains of SVT come with increased encoding complexity due to the additional need in the encoder to search for the best Location Parameter (LP) which indicates the position of the transform. In this paper, a new technique called Prediction Signal Aided Spatially Varying Transform (PSASVT) is proposed that utilizes the gradient of prediction signal to eliminate the unlikely LPs. As the number of candidate LPs is reduced, a smaller number of LPs are searched by encoder, which reduces the encoding complexity. In addition, less overhead bits are needed to code the selected LP and thus the coding efficiency can be improved. Experimental results show that the number of LPs to be tested in RDO is reduced on average by more than 20%. This reduction in encoding complexity is achieved with a slight increase in coding efficiency, as the number of candidate LPs is reduced. The decoding complexity increase is only a little.
A high-efficiency superhydrophobic plasma separator (2015)

To meet stringent limit-of-detection specifications for low abundance target molecules, a relatively large volume of plasma is needed for many blood-based clinical diagnostics. Conventional centrifugation methods for plasma separation are not suitable for on-site testing or bedside diagnostics. Here, we report a simple, yet high-efficiency, clamshell-style, superhydrophobic plasma separator that is capable of separating a relatively large volume of plasma from several hundred microliters of whole blood (finger-prick blood volume). The plasma separator consists of a superhydrophobic top cover with a separation membrane and a superhydrophobic bottom substrate. Unlike previously reported membrane-based plasma separators, the separation membrane in our device is positioned at the top of the sandwiched whole blood film to increase the membrane separation capacity and plasma yield. In addition, the device's superhydrophobic characteristics (i) facilitates the formation of well-defined, contracted, thin blood film with a high contact angle; (ii) minimizes biomolecular adhesion to surfaces; (iii) increases blood clotting time; and (iv) reduces blood cell hemolysis. The device demonstrated a "blood in-plasma out" capability, consistently extracting 65 ± 21.5 μL of plasma from 200 μL of whole blood in less than 10 min without electrical power. The device was used to separate plasma from Schistosoma mansoni genomic DNA-spiked whole blood with a recovery efficiency of >84.5 ± 25.8%. The S. mansoni genomic DNA in the separated plasma was successfully tested on our custom-made microfluidic chip by using loop mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) method.
Elemental characterization using pulsed fast-thermal neutrons (1998)

The high penetrating powers of neutrons and of high energy gamma rays are utilized for the non-intrusive, non- destructive elemental characterization of materials. Neutrons produced in microsecond pulses interact with nuclei in the material, leading to the emission of gamma rays that have energies unique to each element. The pulsing of neutrons with a frequency of a few kHz allows the measurement of gamma rays resulting from a variety of neutron induced nuclear reactions. The elemental content of the material is deduced from the analysis of the gamma-ray spectra acquired during the neutron pulse and during the quiescent period between neutron pulses. A large number of elements from hydrogen to uranium can be identified and quantified within a few minutes of interrogation. This method called pulsed fast-thermal neutron analysis (PFTNA), can be used for on-line NDE, as well as for in situ characterization of materials. Devices based on PFTNA can be constructed in a stationary mode for on-line analysis, or in a transportable mode for in situ analysis. Examples on the utilization of the method include on-line coal analysis, on- line quality control in cement plans, measurement of oxidation of opaque metallic structures.
Developments in synthesis, characterization, and application of large, high-quality CVD single crystal diamond (2013)

Single crystal diamond synthesis by microwave plasma chemical vapor deposition at rapid growth rate has considerably advanced in the past few years. Developments have been made in growth, optical quality, and mechanical properties. Of the various types of single crystal diamond that can be produced using these techniques, high quality single crystal CVD diamond can be routinely produced, and this material is playing an increasing role in research on materials under extreme conditions. This article highlights recent developments in single crystal CVD diamond synthesis and characterization, as well as various applications in high-pressure materials research.
Pseudotyping exosomes for enhanced protein delivery in mammalian cells (2017)

Exosomes are cell-derived nanovesicles that hold promise as living vehicles for intracellular delivery of therapeutics to mammalian cells. This potential, however, is undermined by the lack of effective methods to load exosomes with therapeutic proteins and to facilitate their uptake by target cells. Here, we demonstrate how a vesicular stomatitis virus glycoprotein (VSVG) can both load protein cargo onto exosomes and increase their delivery ability via a pseudotyping mechanism. By fusing a set of fluorescent and luminescent reporters with VSVG, we show the successful targeting and incorporation of VSVG fusions into exosomes by gene transfection and fluorescence tracking. We subsequently validate our system by live cell imaging of VSVG and its participation in endosomes/exosomes that are ultimately released from transfected HEK293 cells. We show that VSVG pseudotyping of exosomes does not affect the size or distributions of the exosomes, and both the full-length VSVG and the VSVG without the ectodomain are shown to integrate into the exosomal membrane, suggesting that the ectodomain is not required for protein loading. Finally, exosomes pseudotyped with full-length VSVG are internalized by multiple-recipient cell types to a greater degree compared to exosomes loaded with VSVG without the ectodomain, confirming a role of the ectodomain in cell tropism. In summary, our work introduces a new genetically encoded pseudotyping platform to load and enhance the intracellular delivery of therapeutic proteins via exosome-based vehicles to target cells.
A Low-Complexity Carrier Frequency Offset Estimator Independent of DC Offset (2008)

The purpose of this letter is to propose a novel carrier frequency offset (CFO) estimator in the presence of DC offset (DCO), based on the pilot's periodicity. The new CFO estimator can achieve satisfactory performance at low complexity, irrespective of the DCO presence. The superiority of the proposed estimator is verified by the subsequent analysis and numerical simulations.
An intelligent screen system for context-related scenery viewing in smart home (2015)

With the growth of the popularity of large screens in the consumer market and the enrichment of the online and offline video resources, enjoying a dynamic remote scenery at home has become an interesting application. This paper presents an intelligent screen system for the user to interactively enjoy different sceneries of remote places. Different from existing works, the system is aware of the current environment, and the weather condition in the remote scenery video is associated with that of the local place in different ways to bring the user a natural and pleasant viewing experience. Meanwhile, the system is able to transform the layout of the scenery video according to the user's position and viewing angle, making the user feel like viewing the outside scenery through a real window when walking and looking around in front of the screen. A prototype consisting of a large screen and several low-cost sensors is implemented and a series of tests are conducted. The results show that the proposed system can effectively improve the users' experience on natural scenery viewing and make the process more pleasant. The system fits for screens with various sizes and can be easily installed, making it a scalable and ease-of-use consumer device in smart home <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">1</sup> .
A Column-Row-Parallel ASIC architecture for 3D wearable / portable medical ultrasonic imaging (2014)

A Column-Row-Parallel ASIC architecture is proposed to enable 3D wearable / portable medical ultrasound. It offers linear-scaling interconnection, acquisition and programming time, while supporting rich functionality. High voltage MUX in Tx and specially sized source follower in Rx are used to implement parallelization for improved SNR. Fault-tolerant transceiver handles defective transducer elements to increase assembly yield and allow successful system demonstration.
Synthesis and electrospun fiber mats of low <i>T<sub>g</sub></i> poly(propylene fumerate‐<i>co</i>‐propylene maleate) (2010)

Abstract Many publications have examined the biodegradable polymer poly(propylene fumate) (PPF) for use in tissue engineering applications. We have examined a similar crosslinkable polymer system, poly(propylene fumerate)‐ co ‐(propylene maleate) (PPFcPM), derived from maleic anhydride (MA) and 1,2‐propylene diol (PD). This copolymer system uses a less expensive monomer as well as leads to varied ratios of fumerate to maleate groups, allowing tuning of the crosslinked polymer properties such as degradation rate. Two different reaction conditions were used to synthesize the copolymer from MA and PD. In the first case (Method A), toluene was used as a solvent to azeotropically (85°C) remove water to drive the acid catalyzed esterification reaction. In the second case (Method B), the initial ring opening reaction was conducted, followed by addition of catalyst and removal of water to produce polymer of higher molecular weight. Both polymer systems had glass transition temperatures ( T g ) below room temperature. The low T g PPFcPM was dissolved in chloroform along with the photoinitiator phenylbis(2,4,6‐trimethylbenzoyl)‐phosphine oxide (BAPO) and electrospun. The polymer fibers were crosslinked soon after they formed to produce noncalendaring 3D porous scaffolds. Control experiments without the BAPO photoinitiator did not produce fiber mats. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2010
Neuronal cell death by Alzheimer's disease-relevant insults and its rescue (2003)

Neuronal cell death accounts for the clinical manifestations in Alzheimer's disease (AD). To establish the curative therapy of AD, neuroprotection is one of the primary therapeutic targets, and the elucidation of the mechanism of neuronal cell death is mandatory. Detailed characterization of neuronal cell death caused by familial AD (FAD)-linked mutant genes revealed that different cell death pathways are evoked by different types of mutants. Humanin (HN), a newly identified neuroprotective peptide, suppresses neuronal cell death caused by all known FAD mutants and A beta, while it has no effect on neuronal cell death caused by AD-irrelevant insults. The functional target of HN is the antagonism to neuronal death, not the modulation of A beta production, suggesting that HN-based medication can be combined with other remedies targeting A beta. HN is a promising seed for a novel therapy aiming at complete cure of AD through the suppression of neuronal loss.
Decomposition of Lignocellulose by <i>Cyathus stercoreus</i> (Schw.) de Toni NRRL 6473, a “White Rot” Fungus from Cattle Dung (1980)

Cyathus stercoreus (Schw.) de Toni NRRL 6473, isolated from aged and fragmented cattle dung collected from a Michigan pasture, effected substantial losses in lignin (45%) from wheat straw during a 62-day fermentation (25 degrees C). The basidiomycete also improved wheat straw digestibility by freeing alpha-cellulose for enzymatic hydrolysis to glucose (230 mg of glucose per 1,000 mg of fermented residue). The rationale for selecting C. stercoreus in attempting to biologically modify the lignin and cellulose components in wheat straw or other gramineous agricultural residues was based on the expectation that this organism is ecologically specialized to enzymatically attack the substructures of native lignins in grasses.
Current focused-ion-beam repair strategies for opaque defects and clear defects on advanced phase-shifting masks (1998)

Over the past several years, advanced photolithography has moved from 0.35 micrometers technology to 0.25 micrometers as the standard. Soon the technology will move into the 0.18 micrometers generation. Due to the ever-shrinking feature sizes on advanced photolithographic masks, phase shifting technology has been incorporated to improve resolution on the exposed wafer. On such masks the minimum phase error and the maximum percent transmission must be dealt with. These requirements have challenged the ability to repair masks with opaque and clear defects. The Micrion focused ion beam system currently repairs opaque defects found on advanced phase shifting chrome and molybdenum silicide masks. In this paper, Micrion discusses advanced repair techniques and strategies used to address the stringent requirements of matching phase and percent transmission at the repaired defect sites. Difficulties in opaque defect and clear defect repair strategies will be discussed.
Portable double‐focusing mass‐spectrometer system for field gas monitoring (2001)

Abstract Traditional mass‐spectrometry (MS) instruments have been confined to laboratory usage because of their large size, power and high‐vacuum requirements, which make them unsuitable for use in most field environments. Developments in mass spectrometers and small vacuum pump systems have now made possible the development of transportable mass‐spectrometer instruments. A portable MS device based on a miniature double‐focusing (ExB) sector‐field mass spectrometer has been developed for in situ gas analysis and monitoring applications. The device (acronym Portable‐CDFMS) uses a 1.1‐Tesla NdFeB permanent magnet, a lithographically defined electric sector, a molecular‐flow frit inlet, a spiral filament in a closed ion source, and a miniature channeltron detector. The high vacuum is provided with the use of a very compact hybrid turbomolecular and diaphragm pump combination. This MS system weighs 18 lb., is able to detect atmospheric species at the part‐per‐million (ppm) level, and has a mass range up to 200 amu, which makes this miniature mass spectrometer well suited for field applications. © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Field Analyt Chem Technol 5: 156–167, 2001
EFFICIENCY OF HIGH AND LOW VOLTAGE PULSE COMBINATIONS FOR GENE ELECTROTRANSFER IN MUSCLE, LIVER, TUMOR AND SKIN (2008)

Gene electrotransfer is gaining momentum as an efficient methodology for nonviral gene transfer. In skeletal muscle, data suggest that electric pulses play two roles: structurally permeabilizing the muscle fibers and electrophoretically supporting the migration of DNA toward or across the permeabilized membrane. To investigate this further, combinations of permeabilizing short high-voltage pulses (HV; hundreds of V/cm) and mainly electrophoretic long low-voltage pulses (LV; tens of V/cm) were investigated in muscle, liver, tumor, and skin in rodent models. The following observations were made: (1) Striking differences between the various tissues were found, likely related to cell size and tissue organization; (2) gene expression is increased, if there was a time interval between the HV pulse and the LV pulse; (3) the HV pulse was required for high electrotransfer to muscle, tumor, and skin, but not to liver; and (4) efficient gene electrotransfer was achieved with HV field strengths below the detectability thresholds for permeabilization; and (5) the lag time interval between the HV and LV pulses decreased sensitivity to the HV pulses, enabling a wider HV amplitude range. In conclusion, HV plus LV pulses represent an efficient and safe option for future clinical trials and we suggest recommendations for gene transfer to various types of tissues.