gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Various Treatments for Vitiligo: Problems Associated and Solutions (2014)

Article history: The present review includes the study of vitiligo, its different types and treatments available into the market. Vitiligo is a skin disorder in which white patches occurs on the skin may be in the form of lesions or on the whole body. These white patches occur due to destruction of colour producing cells melanocytes. Different drugs like methoxsalen, trioxsalen and psoralen are available for the treatment of vitiligo in oral capsule form or topical cream or lotion form. Psoralen with light therapy is also given which is also known as PUVA therapy. Treatment of vitiligo always poses a problem as the patient compliance is less. Most of the times the treatment gets discontinued by the patients as the effect are very slow. This inefficiency leads to frustration in patients. This may be one of the reasons for discontinuation or 'give up' by the patients. Some patients also face the problem of additional symptoms or side effect like itching, burning, gastric disturbances etc. This review discusses on all above mentioned issues with problems associated with treatment and the related possible solutions.
Cloud-Based Infrastructure for Mobile Testing as a Service (2015)

With the rapid advance of mobile computing technology and wireless networking, there is a significant increase of mobile subscriptions. This brings new business requirements and demands in mobile software testing, and causes new issues and challenges in mobile testing service. In this paper, informative and insightful discussions about cloud-based mobile testing-as-a-service (Mobile TaaS) are offered, including the essential concepts, focuses, and the expected testing infrastructures. Currently, there lack of well-defined infrastructures and approaches which allow both mobile application vendors and users to access for Mobile TaaS services. A suitable testing infrastructure is required which allows end users to submit on-demand service requests for mobile TaaS resources in order to form an infrastructure for mobile testing. Therefore, this paper introduces an approach to setup an cloud-based infrastructure as a service for Mobile TaaS for addressing the major challenges faced by test engineers in testing mobile applications. Finally, the paper reports case studies to indicate the feasibility and effectiveness of the proposed approach.
Multi-user downlink with single-user uplink can starve TCP (2017)

In this paper we present the first cross-layer analysis of wireless LANs operating under downlink multi-user MIMO (MU-MIMO), considering the fundamental role played by closed-loop (TCP) traffic. In particular, we consider an 802.11ac scenario in which the access point transmits on the downlink via MU-MIMO, whereas stations must employ single-user transmissions on the uplink. With the help of analytical models built for the different regimes that can occur in the considered system, we identify and explain crucial performance anomalies that can result in very low throughput in some scenarios, completely offsetting the theoretical gains achievable by MU-MIMO. We discuss solutions to mitigate the risk of this performance degradation and alternative uplink strategies allowing WLANs to approach their maximum theoretical capacity under MU-MIMO.
One-step synthesis and characterization of ZrO<sub>2</sub>–WO<sub>x</sub>prepared by hydrothermal method at autogenous pressure (2002)

A series of ZrO2–WOx samples was hydrothermally prepared in an autoclave at autogenous pressure in a range of temperatures from 145 to 225 °C for 24 h. The materials were characterized by elemental analysis, X-ray diffraction, nitrogen physisorption and FT-IR spectroscopy of both structure and adsorbed pyridine. The Rietvelt refinement of the X-ray diffraction patterns was also performed. The formation of crystalline products was detected at synthesis temperatures as low as 145 °C. Pure zirconium oxihydroxide gel yielded a mixture of metastable t-ZrO2 (63%) and m-ZrO2 (37%) zirconia phases when treated at 145 °C. When tungsten (15 wt.% as WO3) was added to the synthesis mixture, only an amorphous phase of t-ZrO2 was detected. Both the crystallization of t-ZrO2 phase and the t-ZrO2 to m-ZrO2 phase transformation, caused by hydrothermal treatment, were retarded by the presence of tungsten. In this way a microcrystalline ZrO2–WOx of 309 m2 g−1 was prepared under hydrothermal conditions at 145 °C. The material becomes progressively more crystalline with increasing synthesis temperature. At 225 °C a well-crystallized material (79% of t-ZrO2 and 21% of m-ZrO2 phases) was obtained. Interestingly, the crystallite sizes of both phases were not too different, 15.6 and 13 nm for t-ZrO2 and m-ZrO2 respectively. In all the samples, crystalline phases associated with WOx species were not unambiguously identified by XRD. FT-IR spectroscopy of W-promoted zirconia showed a band at 943 cm−1 not present in non-tungsten-promoted ZrO2, which was attributed to the WO stretching mode of octahedrally coordinated tungsten species. Since the lattice parameters of the ZrO2 structure were not modified by the presence of tungsten, the WOx species must be highly dispersed and strongly bound to the ZrO2 surface. Post-synthesis calcination treatment at higher temperatures (560, 700 and 800 °C) brought about sintering of these dispersed tungsten species and the formation of a more bulky tungsten oxide species characterized by two FT-IR vibration bands at 970 and 1100 cm−1.
A miniature manipulator for integration in a self-propelling endoscope (2000)

Summary. This paper presents a miniature robotic manipulator that will be integrated into a self-propelling endoscope. The endoscope is meant to inspect and intervene in the human colon through which it moves by inch worm motion. The manipulator is used to orient camera and tools and has two bending degrees-of-freedom ( ± 40°). It consists of two modules driven by an electromagnetic motor with worm gear reduction. Each module is 12 mm in diameter and 20 mm long. The total arm with integrated camera is 40 mm long. Also a miniaturised version has been built, having a diameter of 8.5 mm and one degree-of-freedom.
Polymerization in microemulsion-size and surface control of ultrafine latex particles (2007)

Polymerization in microemulsion allows for the synthesis of latices with sizes of 10 nm ≤ R ≤ 60 nm. In the system styrene/cetyltrimethylammoniumchloride/water, the particle size is controlled by the relative amount of surfactant to styrene and can be predicted by a simple three-phase picture of the microemulsion. Polymeric surfactants reveal a more complex behavior which prohibits an effective size control. — The particle surface is easily modified by addition of functional comonomers or additives which are incorporated in the interface. The additives stabilize or poison the original microemulsions. The results of the sucessful modification are highly reactive particles with a larger inner surface which can be used for different purposes. For example, the synthesis of a material with the ability of selective ion binding is described.
Fundamental Solutions of Homogeneous Elliptic Operators with Constant Coefficients (2016)

with homogeneous principal part. The classical prototypes of such an operator is
Laplace operator. Fundamental solutions for genreal homogeneous...
Critical issues in multiwavelength optical networking (2002)

Over the past decade multiwavelength networks have evolved from optical bench demonstrations to large demonstration projects, and from the simple point-to-point use of multiple wavelengths to enhance capacity, to wide area optical networking. This talk highlights some of the critical issues for multiwavelength optical networks, that we are addressing through the ARPA-supported demonstration programs, ONTC and MONET. The critical issues involved in multiwavelength networks can be categorized into four broad groups: architectural issues, optoelectronic technology issues, network control and management issues, and commercialization issues. These issues are strongly interdependent. We discuss some of the key considerations in each of these categories.
Reactive Power Loss Versus GIC Characteristic of Single-Phase Transformers (2015)

An analytical method is employed to characterize the reactive power loss of a single-phase transformer when subjected to geomagnetically induced current (GIC). A general closed-form formula is proposed to calculate the reactive power loss of the transformer as a function of the applied voltage, air-core inductance, and GIC. The developed equation reveals that the reactive power loss is a nonlinear function of the GIC and the applied voltage, implying that the reactive power loss is not scalable with the voltage or GIC. The presented function can also be used to estimate the GIC from the measured transformer reactive power in the case of lacking direct GIC measurement. Based on high accuracy confirmed by the time-domain simulations, the developed formula can substitute for a large number of lookup tables required in a power system analysis program dealing with GIC studies.
The aerobic reduction of Fe(III) complexes by hemoglobin and myoglobin. (1984)

The ability of hemoglobin (myoglobin) to reduce directly low-molecular-weight complexes of Fe(III) to form methemoglobin (metmyoglobin) and the Fe(II)-tris(2,2'-bipyridine) complex under aerobic conditions is described. The reduction is not mediated by superoxide, O-.2, as shown by increased rates under anaerobic conditions and lack of inhibition by superoxide dismutase. The chemical nature of the Fe(III) complex presented influences the rate of reduction; one of the most effective chelating agents of cellular origin is Fe(III) X ATP. This mechanism may be of fundamental importance in the mobilization and utilization of iron in biological systems.
Applicability of sediment quality standard derived using standardized equilibrium partitioning method for the assessment of water bodies' status (2014)

International audience
Highly Stable Na<sub>2/3</sub>(Mn<sub>0.54</sub>Ni<sub>0.13</sub>Co<sub>0.13</sub>)O<sub>2</sub> Cathode Modified by Atomic Layer Deposition for Sodium‐Ion Batteries (2015)

For the first time, atomic layer deposition (ALD) of Al2 O3 was adopted to enhance the cyclic stability of layered P2-type Na2/3 (Mn0.54 Ni0.13 Co0.13 )O2 (MNC) cathodes for use in sodium-ion batteries (SIBs). Discharge capacities of approximately 120, 123, 113, and 105 mA h g(-1) were obtained for the pristine electrode and electrodes coated with 2, 5, and 10 ALD cycles, respectively. All electrodes were cycled at the 1C discharge current rate for voltages between 2 and 4.5 V in 1 M NaClO4 electrolyte. Among the electrodes tested, the Al2 O3 coating from 2 ALD cycles (MNC-2) exhibited the best electrochemical stability and rate capability, whereas the electrode coated by 10 ALD cycles (MNC-10) displayed the highest columbic efficiency (CE), which exceeded 97 % after 100 cycles. The enhanced electrochemical stability observed for ALD-coated electrodes could be a result of the protection effects and high band-gap energy (Eg =9.00 eV) of the Al2 O3 coating layer. Additionally, the metal-oxide coating provides structural stability against mechanical stresses occurring during the cycling process. The capacity, cyclic stability, and rate performance achieved for the MNC electrode coated with 2 ALD cycles of Al2 O3 reveal the best results for SIBs. This study provides a promising route toward increasing the stability and CE of electrode materials for SIB application.
IL-17-producing CD4+ T cells are increased in early, active axial spondyloarthritis including patients without imaging abnormalities (2014)

IL-17-producing CD4(+) T cells are increased in patients with early active axial SpA both with and without MRI abnormalities. This finding shows that the frequency of IL-17-producing CD4(+) T cells is enhanced in the early stages of disease.
Direct Downconversion of Multiband RF Signals Using Bandpass Sampling (2006)

Abstract — Bandpass sampling can be used by radio receivers to directly digitize the radio frequency (RF) signals. Although the bandpass sampling theory for single-band RF signals is well established, its counterpart for multiband RF signals is relatively immature. In this paper, we propose a novel and efficient method to find the ranges of valid bandpass sampling frequency for direct downconverting multiband RF signals. Simple formulas for the ranges of valid bandpass sampling frequency in terms of the frequency locations of the multiple RF bands are derived. The result can be used to design a multiband receiver for software defined radios. Index Terms — Software defined radio, bandpass sampling, sampling methods, analog-digital conversion, signal sampling. I.
Cell proliferation and survival induced by Toll-like receptors is antagonized by type I IFNs (2007)

TRIF is an adaptor protein associated with the signaling by Toll-like receptor (TLR)3 and TLR4 for the induction of type I IFNs. Here, we demonstrate a mechanism by which TLR signaling controls cell proliferation and survival. We show that TLR3 and TLR4 can induce cell cycle entry via TRIF, which targets the cell cycle inhibitor p27(kip1) for relocalization, phosphorylation by cyclin/cdk complexes, and proteasome degradation. These events are antagonized by type I IFN induced by the TRIF pathway. Furthermore, in human dendritic cells treated with TLR3, TLR4, or TLR5 ligands, we demonstrate that IFN signaling modulates p27(kip1) degradation and apoptosis, identifying an immunoregulatory "switching" function of type I IFNs. These findings reveal a previously uncharacterized function of TLR signaling in cell proliferation and survival.
Variability of NVM response time and its effect on the performance of consumer SSDs (2013)

Solid-State Drives (SSDs) use non-volatile memories (NVM) for storing and retrieving information in the form of sectors and/or pages. For achieving high capacity, consumer SSDs use high density multi-level cells (MLC) memories that experience high read and write times. The maximum achieved I/O performance and the minimum response time depends on the used NVM technology, which determines the read and write times, and other system parameters, like the number of simultaneously accessed NVM channels, the SSD controller architecture, its functionality, the supported commands and the applied workload. Most of these parameters remain unchanged during the lifetime of an SSD, except for the read and write times which vary as the lifetime of the device progresses and higher variability is observed. By defining the basic equations of the maximum SSD performance and using experimental results, we determine how the increase of the NVM response time affects the performance of a consumer SSD and under what conditions this is observed by the SSD's user.
Tumor-associated antigens in breast carcinomas. Prognostic significance (1987)

In an attempt to identify biologic markers that might predict prognosis in breast cancer patients, the presence or absence of seven tumor-associated antigens in 54 infiltrating breast carcinomas was correlated with tumor recurrence rates (minimum five-year follow-up), axillary lymph node metastases and tumor volume. Immunohistochemical kappa-casein was present in 30 (56%) tumors, alpha-lactalbumin in 39 (72%) tumors, secretory component of IgA in 26 (48%) tumors, carcinoembryonic antigen in 34 (63%) tumors, pregnancy-specific beta-1-glycoprotein in 7 (13%) tumors, beta subunit of human chorionic gonadotrophin in 1 (2%) tumor and human placental lactogen in 0 (0%) tumors. There was no significant correlation between the presence or absence in tumor of any of the antigens, and prognosis as assessed either by 5-year recurrence rates (P greater than 0.18) or by the presence of axillary lymph node metastases (P greater than 0.20). No significant difference was noted in mean tumor volume (cm3) +/- SEM, between tumors with or without antigen immunoreactivity (P greater than 0.05).
Adenosine-Mediated Cardioprotection in Ischemic-Reperfused Mouse Heart (2002)

We investigated the roles of A1, A2A, or A3 receptors and purine salvage in cardioprotection with exogenous adenosine, and tested whether A2A -mediated reductions in perfusion pressure modify post-ischemic recovery. Treatment with 10(-5) or 5 x 10(-5) M adenosine improved contractile recovery from 20 min ischemia 45 min reperfusion in isolated mouse hearts. Protection was attenuated by adenosine kinase inhibition (10(-5) M iodotubercidin) and receptor antagonism (5 x 10(-5) M 8-rho-sulfophenyltheophylline, 8-SPT). Enzyme efflux mirrored contractile recoveries. A 3 agonism with 10(-7) M 2-chloro- N6-(3-iodobenzyl)-adenosine-5'-N-methyluronamide (Cl-IB-MECA) improved ischemic tolerance whereas A1 agonism with 5 x 10(-8) M N6-cyclopentyladenosine (CPA) and A2A agonism with 10(-9) M 2-[p-(2-carboxyethyl) phenethylamino]-5'-N-ethylcarboxamidoadenosine (CGS21680) or 2 x 10(-8) M methyl-4-(3-[9-[4S,5S,2R,3R)-5-(N-ethylcarbamoyl)-3,4-dihydroxyoxolan-2-yl]-6-aminopurin-2-yl)]prop-2-ynyl) cyclohexane-carboxylate (ATL-146e) were ineffective. Protection via A1 receptor overexpression was enhanced by adenosine, but unaltered by A1 or A2A agonists. Finally, post-ischemic dysfunction in hearts perfused at constant flow was dependent on coronary pressure, with A2A AR-mediated reductions in pressure reducing diastolic contracture, and elevated perfusion pressure worsening contracture. Data indicate that cardioprotection with exogenous adenosine in asanguinous hearts involves purine salvage and activation of A3 but not A1 or A2A receptors.
Initial Results of Efficacy of Left Linear Ablation Using a Novel Simultaneous Multielectrode Ablation Catheter (2011)

In our initial experience, a linear multielectrode catheter using duty-cycled bipolar and unipolar RF energy was inferior to conventional single point irrigated ablation in achieving LA linear block. However, successful linear block was obtained within a short period of time, when it was achieved.
Estimating the total number of phosphoproteins and phosphorylation sites in eukaryotic proteomes (2017)

Most of the phosphoproteins have been discovered for human, mouse, and yeast, while the dataset for Arabidopsis is still far from complete. The datasets for p-sites are not as close to saturation as those for phosphoproteins. Integration of the LTP data suggests that current HTP phosphoproteomics appears to be capable of capturing 70 % to 95 % of total phosphoproteins, but only 40 % to 60 % of total p-sites.
Observation of Vacancy in High Purity Silicon Crystal Using Low-Temperature Ultrasonic Measurements (2006)

We have succeeded in direct observation of isolated vacancies in high purity silicon crystals grown by a floating zone (FZ) method using low-temperature ultrasonic measurements. The softening of elastic constants below 20 K down to 20 mK is observed in non-doped FZ silicon and B-doped FZ silicon. This softening is caused by an interaction of electric quadrupoles of triply degenerate vacancy orbital to elastic strains of ultrasonic waves. The low-temperature elastic softening measured by ultrasonic methods verifies existence of the isolated vacancies in Pv-region distributed in pure crystal of a Czockralski ingot. The ultrasonic measurement of the low- temperature softening is a faithful probe for vacancy evaluation in high purity silicon crystals in commercial base.
Structure of the Human Telomere in K <sup>+</sup> Solution: A Stable Basket-Type G-Quadruplex with Only Two G-Tetrad Layers (2009)

Previously, it has been reported that human telomeric DNA sequences could adopt in different experimental conditions four different intramolecular G-quadruplexes each involving three G-tetrad layers, namely, Na(+) solution antiparallel-stranded basket form, K(+) crystal parallel-stranded propeller form, K(+) solution (3 + 1) Form 1, and K(+) solution (3 + 1) Form 2. Here we present a new intramolecular G-quadruplex adopted by a four-repeat human telomeric sequence in K(+) solution (Form 3). This structure is a basket-type G-quadruplex with only two G-tetrad layers: loops are successively edgewise, diagonal, and edgewise; glycosidic conformations of guanines are syn x syn x anti x anti around each tetrad. Each strand of the core has both a parallel and an antiparallel adjacent strands; there are one narrow, one wide, and two medium grooves. Despite the presence of only two G-tetrads in the core, this structure is more stable than the three-G-tetrad intramolecular G-quadruplexes previously observed for human telomeric sequences in K(+) solution. Detailed structural elucidation of Form 3 revealed extensive base pairing and stacking in the loops capping both ends of the G-tetrad core, which might explain the high stability of the structure. This novel structure highlights the conformational heterogeneity of human telomeric DNA. It establishes a new folding principle for G-quadruplexes and suggests new loop sequences and structures for targeting in human telomeric DNA.
Testing the subscriber interface to the ARINC 629 current mode bus (2002)

The use of the ARINC 629 Bus on the Boeing 777 airplane introduces new capabilities and new testing challenges. Complete testing of an LRU interface to the 629 Bus requires a sophisticated test approach to validate the redundancy and error checking incorporated in the Terminal Controller, SIM and Current-Mode-Coupler bus interface components. This paper describes basic 629 Bus operation and the redundancy and error checking incorporated in the 629 Bus interface components. The implications this carries for thorough testing lead to a discussion of the test resources required to perform this testing. A coupler module test resource is described that supports 629 stub waveform monitoring, attenuating and stress testing.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Opportunistic downlink scheduling for multiuser OFDM systems (2005)

We consider the problem of downlink scheduling for multiuser OFDM (orthogonal frequency division multiplexing) systems. We derive optimal scheduling policies under three QoS/fairness constraints - temporal fairness, utilitarian fairness, and minimum-performance guarantees. To calculate these optimal policies, we interpret the problem as a maximal bipartite matching problem. To solve this problem, we apply the modified Hungarian algorithm and a practical suboptimal algorithm. The simulation results show that our schemes achieve significant improvement in system performance compared with a non-opportunistic scheme.
Soluble oil flooding (1976)

A soluble oil-polymer flooding process used in previously waterflooded reservoirs utilizes oleic, micellar solutions which, when injected as small slugs and driven by polymer thickened water, are capable of displacing all oil and water contacted. During the micellar flood, oil and water are displaced from reservoir rock by one or more of the following mechanisms: (1) miscible-type displacement of oil by soluble oil; (2) miscible-type displacement of resident water by injection water and soluble oil; (3) formation of microemulsions by the intermingling of soluble oil and injected water; and (4) reduction of interfacial tension between oil and water phases where both are present. The Higgs Unit, site of a field test of soluble oil flooding, is a small pool in the Jones County Regular field near Abilene, Tex. Field data, special equipment, test evaluation, and field test conclusions are given for this operation.