gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
HotMap: Supporting visual exploration of Web search results (2008)

Abstract Although information retrieval techniques used by Web search engines have improved substantially over the years, the results of Web searches have continued to be represented in simple list‐based formats. Although the list‐based representation makes it easy to evaluate a single document for relevance, it does not support the users in the broader tasks of manipulating or exploring the search results as they attempt to find a collection of relevant documents. HotMap is a meta‐search system that provides a compact visual representation of Web search results at two levels of detail, and it supports interactive exploration via nested sorting of Web search results based on query term frequencies. An evaluation of the search results for a set of vague queries has shown that the re‐sorted search results can provide a higher portion of relevant documents among the top search results. User studies show an increase in speed and effectiveness and a reduction in missed documents when comparing HotMap to the list‐based representation used by Google. Subjective measures were positive, and users showed a preference for the HotMap interface. These results provide evidence for the utility of next‐generation Web search results interfaces that promote interactive search results exploration.
Combining computer vision and video processing to achieve immersive mobile videoconferencing (2014)

In this paper we provide a technical perspective in support of the view that mobile videoconferencing is evolving towards immersiveness, with a detailed discussion of the technological readiness of the most critical components, namely the integration of depth and computer vision into the traditional video processing engine. Immersive user experiences are achieved by adding new dimensions to the perceptual space of interaction. Adding depth creates a sense of presence, and providing additional points of view creates a visual flexibility associated with real-life interaction. As the quality of service improves along with the computational capabilities of mobile platforms, we expect to see an evolution towards immersive mobile videoconferencing. Depth capture or extraction is the first element that allows 3D experiences as well as view synthesis. Depth maps or 3D models may be obtained by multiple methods but without application-driven post-processing there is no guarantee that the synthesized outputs provided to the end users will provide the expected quality of experience. The necessary convergence between video processing and computer vision also implies a shift from error-based performance metrics commonly used in computer vision, to visual quality metrics of the type used in video processing.
Polymer‐Templated Hydrothermal Growth of Vertically Aligned Single‐Crystal ZnO Nanorods and Morphological Transformations Using Structural Polarity (2010)

Abstract Position‐configurable, vertical, single‐crystalline ZnO nanorod arrays are fabricated via a polymer‐templated hydrothermal growth method at a low temperature of 93 °C. A sol‐gel processed dense c ‐oriented ZnO seed layer film is employed to grow nanorods along the c ‐axis direction [0001] regardless of any substrate crystal mismatches. Here, one‐beam laser‐interference lithography is utilized to fabricate nanoscale holes over an entire 2‐in. wafer during the preparation of the polymer template. As such, vertically aligned ZnO nanorods can be grown from the seed layer exposed at the bottom of each hole. Furthermore, morphological transformations of the ZnO nanorods into pencil‐like, needle‐like, tubular, tree‐like, and spherical shapes are obtained by controlling the growth conditions and utilizing the structural polarity of the ZnO nanorods.
Chemical Equilibrium of the Synthesis of Poly(oxymethylene) Dimethyl Ethers from Formaldehyde and Methanol in Aqueous Solutions (2015)

Poly(oxymethylene) dimethyl ethers (OME) reduce soot formation during the combustion process when added to diesel fuels. OME are a gas-to-liquid option as they can be produced via methanol from natural gas or renewable feedstocks. This work deals with the synthesis of OME from the educts formaldehyde and methanol in aqueous solutions. The studied mixtures are complex reacting systems in which, poly(oxymethylene) glycols and poly(oxymethylene) hemiformals), in addition to OME are present. The chemical equilibrium of OME formation is studied in a stirred batch reactor in which the educts’ overall ratio of formaldehyde to methanol, the amount of water, and the temperature (333.15 and 378.15 K) varies. A mole fraction-based and an activity-based model of the chemical equilibrium of the OME formation are developed, which explicitly account for the formation of poly(oxymethylene) glycols and poly(oxymethylene) hemiformals. Information on the latter reactions from the literature are confirmed by NMR experiments in the present work.
Viscoelasticity Mapping by Identification of Local Shear Wave Dynamics (2017)

Estimation of soft tissue elasticity is of interest in several clinical applications. For instance, tumors and fibrotic lesions are notoriously stiff compared with benign tissue. A fully quantitative measure of lesion stiffness can be obtained by shear wave (SW) elastography. This method uses an acoustic radiation force to produce laterally propagating SWs that can be tracked to obtain the velocity, which in turn is related to Young's modulus. However, not only elasticity, but also viscosity plays an important role in the propagation process of SWs. In fact, viscosity itself is a parameter of diagnostic value for the detection and characterization of malignant lesions. In this paper, we describe a new method that enables imaging viscosity from SW elastography by local model-based system identification. By testing the method on simulated data sets and performing in vitro experiments, we show that the ability of the proposed technique to generate parametric maps of the viscoelastic material properties from SW measurements, opening up new possibilities for noninvasive tissue characterization.
Role of Frequency Domain Optical Spectroscopy in the Detection of Neonatal Brain Hemorrhage—A Newborn Piglet Study (2000)

Objective: Inability of continuous wave (CW) optical spectroscopy to measure changes in scattering, and the use of an arbitrary rather than an actual baseline, makes the CW method highly susceptible to errors that can lead to a false-positive or false-negative diagnosis. Our objective was to assess whether, and to what extent, the use of quantitative frequency domain spectroscopy would improve our ability to detect and monitor the development of brain hemorrhage.Methods: A dual-channel frequency-domain tissue spectrometer (Model 96208, ISS, Inc., Champaign, IL) was used to monitor the development of experimental subcortical and periventricular-intraventricular hemorrhage (IVH) in 10 newborn piglets (blood injection model). The multidistance approach was employed to calculate the absorption and reduced scattering coefficients and hemoglobin changes from the ac, dc, and phase values acquired at four different source-detector distances and at 752 nm and 830 nm.Results: There were significant absorption and scattering changes in the subcortical hematoma (n = 5) and the IVH groups (n = 5). The smallest detectable amount of blood in the brain was 0.04 ml. Changes associated with subcortical hematoma were several times higher than those associated with IVH, and correlated better with the estimated cross-sectional area of the hematoma than with the volume of the injected blood. As opposed to IVH, there was a significant absorption difference between the injured (subcortical hematoma) and normal side of the brain, probably because in case of IVH a significant volume of the injected blood had accumulated/spread beyond the reach of the probe.Conclusion: Clearly, frequency-domain spectroscopy cannot increase our ability to quantify the volume (size) or the oxygenation of the injected blood, especially in the case of IVH. However, the ability to quantify the baseline tissue absorption and scattering would significantly improve diagnostic performance, and may allow for early identification and treatment of neonatal brain hemorrhage.
Sound reinforcement enclosure employing cone loudspeaker with annular central loading member and coaxially mounted compression driver (1991)

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Surface Characterization of Plasma-Fluorinated Polymers (1981)

A study of fluorination of low density polyethylene in the glow and dark regions of a low temperature plasma is reported. The gas feed to the plasma consisted of dilute mixtures of fluorine in helium. Reactions which were carried out in the glow region of the plasma and which employed a fluorine/helium ratio of 0.05 revealed that the depth of fluorination was limited to about 40A owing to ion assisted etching. This depth was increased to about 60A by carrying out the reactions under ion-depleted conditions but the small fluorine concentration retarded the advance of the fluorinated layer into the bulk. This process was accelerated by increasing the fluorine/helium ratio to 0.15. The kinetics of these fluorination processes are discussed qualitatively. Results of plasma fluorinations of polymers other than low density polyethylene are also reported. Fluorine plasma treatment of low density polyethylene powders in a fluidized bed reactor is also described along with the molding properties of these powders.
Analysis and design of conformal SCMR WPT systems with multiple resonators (2014)

A new equivalent circuit model Conformal Strongly Coupled Magnetic Resonant (CSCMR) wireless powering transfer (WPT) systems using multiple resonators is derived. Mutual coupling between all resonators is considered and the mutual inductance for CSCMR systems is derived. Our analytical model is verified for the case of two pairs of resonators by comparison with measurements and simulation results.
Video Frame Synthesis using Deep Voxel Flow (2017)

We address the problem of synthesizing new video frames in an existing video, either in-between existing frames (interpolation), or subsequent to them (extrapolation). This problem is challenging because video appearance and motion can be highly complex. Traditional optical-flow-based solutions often fail where flow estimation is challenging, while newer neural-network-based methods that hallucinate pixel values directly often produce blurry results. We combine the advantages of these two methods by training a deep network that learns to synthesize video frames by flowing pixel values from existing ones, which we call deep voxel flow. Our method requires no human supervision, and any video can be used as training data by dropping, and then learning to predict, existing frames. The technique is efficient, and can be applied at any video resolution. We demonstrate that our method produces results that both quantitatively and qualitatively improve upon the state-of-the-art.
Tailoring Biomass‐Derived Carbon Nanoarchitectures for High‐Performance Supercapacitors (2013)

Abstract Supercapacitors are attracting intense scientific attention as they can bridge the energy‐power gap between commercial batteries and electrolytic capacitors. High‐surface area activated carbon remains the electrode material of choice for commercial systems due to the inherently lower cost relative to the more exotic alternatives such as graphene, carbon nanotubes, or their hybrids. However, activated carbon possesses an inferior electrochemical performance relative to these more open and electrically conductive structures. This limits its feasibility as electrodes for future high‐performance devices. In this concept paper we summarized two case studies of creating unique biomass‐derived carbons by preserving the precursors’ intrinsic structure or transforming the precursor structure into graphene‐like materials that actually demonstrate electrochemical performance on par with, or even better than, their much costlier alternatives.
Thermally-Polarized Solid-State Spin Sensor (2021)

Quantum sensors based on spin defect ensembles have seen rapid development in recent years, with a wide array of target applications. Historically, these sensors have used optical methods to prepare or read out quantum states. However, these methods are limited to optically-polarizable spin defects, and the spin ensemble size is typically limited by the available optical power or acceptable optical heat load. We demonstrate a solid-state sensor employing a non-optical state preparation technique, which harnesses thermal population imbalances induced by the defect's zero-field splitting. Readout is performed using the recently-demonstrated microwave cavity readout technique, resulting in a sensor architecture that is entirely non-optical and broadly applicable to all solid-state paramagnetic defects with a zero-field splitting. The implementation in this work uses Cr$^{3+}$ defects in a sapphire (Al$_2$O$_3$) crystal and a simple microwave architecture where the host crystal also serves as the high quality-factor resonator. This approach yields a near-unity filling factor and high single-spin-photon coupling, producing a magnetometer with a broadband sensitivity of 9.7 pT/$\sqrt{\text{Hz}}$.
Photonic Integrated Circuit Based on Hybrid III–V/Silicon Integration (2017)

This paper summarizes the recent advances of integrated hybrid InP/SOI lasers and transmitters based on edge coupling. First, we review the different integration methods between III-V material and silicon. Then, we focus on using an external III-V chip coupled via edge coupling to our silicon photonic integrated circuit. The paper reports on the results of wavelength tunable lasers containing one or two ring resonators as well as an integrated reflectivity tunable mirror. We demonstrate that a wide thermal tuning range, exceeding the C band, with a high side mode suppression ratio above 35 dB can be achieved. Design of external silicon cavities enables the realization of a broad range of on-chip functionalities as well as advanced hybrid transmitters. Parallel wavelength tunable cavities and compact variable optical attenuator-controlled arrayed waveguide gratings on silicon are integrated with a reflective semiconductor optical amplifiers, creating fast wavelength switching lasers. Furthermore, integrated transmitters that combine silicon modulators with tunable hybrid III-V/Si lasers are reported. The integrated transmitter for on-off keying signal generation exhibits more than 30 nm wavelength tunability and excellent bit-error-rate performance up to 40 Gb/s. A multichannel integrated transmitter is then reported with combined silicon-based arrayed waveguide gratings laser cavity and multiple ring modulators. Finally, an advanced wavelength-tunable hybrid III-V/Si transmitter with two microring modulators nested in a Mach-Zehnder interferometer is demonstrated for quadrature phase-shift keying generation where a BPSK signal is generated by each ring.
Increased Potency of Cardiac Stem Cells Compared with Bone Marrow Mesenchymal Stem Cells in Cardiac Repair (2012)

Whereas cardiac-derived c-kit(+) stem cells (CSCs) and bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are undergoing clinical trials testing safety and efficacy as a cell-based therapy, the relative therapeutic and biologic efficacy of these two cell types is unknown. We hypothesized that human CSCs have greater ability than MSCs to engraft, differentiate, and improve cardiac function. We compared intramyocardial injection of human fetal CSCs (36,000) with two doses of adult MSCs (36,000 and 1,000,000) or control (phosphate buffered saline) in nonobese diabetic/severe combined immune deficiency mice after coronary artery ligation. The myocardial infarction-induced enlargement in left ventricular chamber dimensions was ameliorated by CSCs (p < .05 for diastolic and systolic volumes), as was the decline in ejection fraction (EF; p < .05). Whereas 1 × 10(6) MSCs partially ameliorated ventricular remodeling and improved EF to a similar degree as CSCs, 36,000 MSCs did not influence chamber architecture or function. All cell therapies improved myocardial contractility, but CSCs preferentially reduced scar size and reduced vascular afterload. Engraftment and trilineage differentiation was substantially greater with CSCs than with MSCs. Adult-cultured c-kit(+)CSCs were less effective than fetal, but were still more potent than high-dose MSCs. These data demonstrate enhanced CSC engraftment, differentiation, and improved cardiac remodeling and function in ischemic heart failure. MSCs required a 30-fold greater dose than CSCs to improve cardiac function and anatomy. Together, these findings demonstrate a greater potency of CSCs than bone marrow MSCs in cardiac repair.
STATISTICAL METHODS FOR ON-LINE SIGNATURE VERIFICATION (1994)

Three methods for on-line signature verification are discussed in this paper. They are based on statistical models of features that summarize different aspects of signature shape and the dynamics of signature production. Two of the methods are based on the feature statistics of genuine signatures only. Of these two methods, the simpler one using a Euclidean distance error metric was found to have superior performance when tested on a database of 919 genuine signatures and 330 forgeries. Using a procedure for selecting the individual best 10 out of 22 features, the Euclidean distance method correctly classified 99.5% of the genuine signatures, while rejecting 86% of the forgeries. The third method uses statistical properties of the forgeries as well as the genuine signatures to develop a quadratic discriminant rule for classifying signatures. On the basis of the database used in this study, this method was generally better than the simpler Euclidean distance method. At the same 99.5% acceptance of the genuine signatures, the method rejected 90% of the forgeries.
Fractional Lambda Switching (2002)

Fractional Lambda (λ) Switching (FλSTM) adds the necessary efficiency to Wavelength Division Multiplexing (WDM) while preserving the simplicity of whole λ switching. Due to its provisioning capability, from a fraction of STS-1 to a full optical channel capacity, FλSTM will extend the reach of optical networking all the way to the network edges in the metro and enterprise. Finally, FλSTM uniquely enables the implementation of dynamic all-optical switches since its operation does not require (1) optical processing (e.g., packet header processing) and (2) optical buffering.
Positive selection and high sensitivity test for MYD88 mutations using locked nucleic acid (2016)

The new methodology is essential for attaining accurate results in clinical testing.
16-level quadrature amplitude modulation by monolithic quad-parallel Mach-Zehnder optical modulator (2010)

A monolithically-integrated quad-parallel Mach-Zehnder optical modulator has been fabricated. 3 and 6 dB electro-optical bandwidths of Mach-Zehnder structures embedded in the modulator were evaluated as 22 and 36 GHz, respectively. By using the monolithic optical modulator, a 10 Gbaud 16-level quadrature amplitude modulation (QAM) signal was successfully obtained.
Collinear source of polarization-entangled photon pairs at nondegenerate wavelengths (2008)

We report on a simple but highly efficient source of polarization-entangled photon pairs at nondegenerate wavelengths. The fully collinear configuration of the source enables very high coupling efficiency into a single optical mode and allows the use of long nonlinear crystals. With optimized dispersion compensation, it is possible to use a free-running laser diode as pump source and to reach an entanglement fidelity of 99.4% at rates as high as 27000pairs∕s∕mW of pump power.
Bayesian survey design for maximal waveform inversion resolution (2011)

We describe a Bayesian methodology for designing seismic experiments that optimally maximize model parameter resolution for waveform imaging purposes. The proposed optimal experiment design (OED) algorithm finds the measurements which are likely to optimally reduce the expected uncertainty on the model parameters. This Bayesian D‐optimality‐based algorithm minimizes the volume of the expected confidence ellipsoid and leads to the maximization of the expected resolution of the model parameters. Computational efficiency is achieved by a greedy algorithm in which the design is sequentially improved. The benefits of the proposed method over traditional non‐Bayesian ones are demonstrated with several geophysical examples. These include reducing large seismic data volumes for real‐time imaging and solving the problem of designing seismic surveys that account for source bandwidth, signal‐to‐noise ratio and attenuation.
Co-Channel Interference Cancellation in Cellular OFDM Networks (2007)

In cellular orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) networks, co-channel interference (CCI) leads to severe degradation in the BER performance. To solve this problem, maximum-likelihood estimation (MLE) CCI cancellation scheme has been proposed in the literature. MLE CCI cancellation scheme generates weighted replicas of the transmitted signals where weights represent the estimated channel transfer functions. The replica with the smallest Euclidean distance from the received signal is selected and data are detected. When the received power of the desired and interference signals are nearly the same, the BER performance is degraded. In this paper, we propose a closed-loop power control (PC) scheme capable of detecting the equal received power situation at the mobile station (MS) receiver by using the newly introduced parameter power ratio (PR). When this situation is detected, the MS sends a fee㏈ack to the desired base station (BS) which boosts the transmission power in the next frame. At cell edge where signal to interferer ratio (SIR) is considered to have average value between -5 ㏈ and 10 ㏈, computer simulations show that the proposed CCI cancellation scheme has a gain of 7 ㏈ at 28 Km/h.
Hierarchical Microstructure Tailoring of Pure Titanium for Enhancing Cellular Response at Tissue-Implant Interface (2021)

The main goal of this research is to scrutinize the effect of texture and grain size on the biological response of hierarchical structured pure titanium (Ti), examining the interrelation between grain refinement mechanisms with texture variation. The hierarchical structure was produced using two methods of severe plastic deformation (SPD). The Ti specimens were first processed up to six passes by equal channel angular pressing (ECAP) and subsequently treated at the top surface using surface mechanical attrition treatment (SMAT). Microstructure examination by Electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD) indicates that the SMAT-treated surface was categorized into three distinct microstructural regions based on the type of grain refinement process involved during SPD: twin induced dynamic recrystallization (TDRX) and geometric dynamic recrystallization (GDRX) in the topmost surface, and continuous (CDRX) and discontinuous dynamic recrystallization (DDRX) in the lower regions of the sample. The biological experiments showed meaningful improvement in the cellular response of SMATed and ECAPed samples. It was demonstrated that grain refinement could have the capability of improving the biological response of Ti surface. In this regard, SMATed + 2ECAPed sample showed the best result although it has not the smallest grain size and the highest texture intensity. It was observed that texture and grain orientation of planes have an important impact on the biological response of pure Ti and dominance of prismatic (1010) texture can improve the cell viability, adhesion and its differentiation. Therefore, microstructure and texture tailoring through combined SPD methods could be a promising strategy for the improvement of the next generation of medical implants.