gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Personalized Exposure Control Using Adaptive Metering and Reinforcement Learning (2018)

We propose a reinforcement learning approach for real-time exposure control of a mobile camera that is personalizable. Our approach is based on Markov Decision Process (MDP). In the camera viewfinder or live preview mode, given the current frame, our system predicts the change in exposure so as to optimize the trade-off among image quality, fast convergence, and minimal temporal oscillation. We model the exposure prediction function as a fully convolutional neural network that can be trained through Gaussian policy gradient in an end-to-end fashion. As a result, our system can associate scene semantics with exposure values; it can also be extended to personalize the exposure adjustments for a user and device. We improve the learning performance by incorporating an adaptive metering module that links semantics with exposure. This adaptive metering module generalizes the conventional spot or matrix metering techniques. We validate our system using the MIT FiveK [1] and our own datasets captured using iPhone 7 and Google Pixel. Experimental results show that our system exhibits stable real-time behavior while improving visual quality compared to what is achieved through native camera control.
Field detection of 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene in water by ion-exchange resins (1982)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTField detection of 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene in water by ion-exchange resinsCarl A. Heller, Sterling R. Greni, and Eric D. EricksonCite this: Anal. Chem. 1982, 54, 2, 286–289Publication Date (Print):February 1, 1982Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 February 1982https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ac00239a032https://doi.org/10.1021/ac00239a032research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views131Altmetric-Citations24LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Twisted-pair RF coil suitable for locating the track of a catheter (1999)

An RF coil, made by twisting a conventional wire loop, was tuned to form an extended sensor to provide an effective method of showing the track of a catheter. A twisted-pair coil can be made small enough in diameter to pass through needles in common clinical use. The coil has a very small field of view and in transmit/receive operation has minimal effect on the magnetization of the surrounding tissue.
Simulation study of huff-n-puff air injection for enhanced oil recovery in shale oil reservoirs (2017)

This paper is the first attempt to evaluate huff-n-puff air injection in a shale oil reservoir using a simulation approach. Recovery mechanisms and physical processes of huff-n-puff air injection in a shale oil reservoir are investigated through investigating production performance, thermal behavior, reservoir pressure and fluid saturation features. Air flooding is used as the basic case for a comparative study. The simulation study suggests that thermal drive is the main recovery mechanism for huff-n-puff air injection in the shale oil reservoir, but not for simple air flooding. The synergic recovery mechanism of air flooding in conventional light oil reservoirs can be replicated in shale oil reservoirs by using air huff-n-puff injection strategy. Reducing huff-n-puff time is better for performing the synergic recovery mechanism of air injection. O2 diffusion plays an important role in huff-n-puff air injection in shale oil reservoirs. Pressure transmissibility as well as reservoir pressure maintenance ability in huff-n-puff air injection is more pronounced than the simple air flooding after primary depletion stage. No obvious gas override is exhibited in both air flooding and air huff-n-puff injection scenarios in shale reservoirs. Huff-n-puff air injection has great potential to develop shale oil reservoirs. The results from this work may stimulate further investigations.
Fuel processor for fuel cell power system. [Conversion of methanol into hydrogen] (1986)

A catalytic organic fuel processing apparatus, which can be used in a fuel cell power system, contains within a housing a catalyst chamber, a variable speed fan, and a combustion chamber. Vaporized organic fuel is circulated by the fan past the combustion chamber with which it is in indirect heat exchange relationship. The heated vaporized organic fuel enters a catalyst bed where it is converted into a desired product such as hydrogen needed to power the fuel cell. During periods of high demand, air is injected upstream of the combustion chamber and organic fuel injection means to burn with some of the organic fuel on the outside of the combustion chamber, and thus be in direct heat exchange relation with the organic fuel going into the catalyst bed.
A tunneling emitter bipolar transistor (1986)

We propose a new device-a Tunneling Emitter Bipolar Transistor (TEBT)-where the enhancement of the emitter injection efficiency is achieved by utilizing a very large difference in the tunneling probabilities for electrons and holes in a thin doped graded AlGaAs layer. This layer is inserted between the n-type GaAs emitter and p-type GaAs base. This device should have a high emitter efficiency and low parasitic resistances.
Using Tracer Technology to Characterize Contaminated Pipelines (2005)

The Pipeline Characterization Using Tracers (PCUT) technique uses conservative and partitioning, reactive or other interactive tracers to remotely determine the amount of contaminant within a run of piping or ductwork. The PCUT system was motivated by a method that has been successfully used to characterize subsurface soil contaminants and is similar in operation to that of a gas chromatography column. By injecting a ?slug? of both conservative and partitioning tracers at one end (or section) of the piping and measuring the time history of the concentration of the tracers at the other end (or another section) of the pipe, the presence, location, and amount of contaminant within the pipe or duct can be determined. The tracers are transported along the pipe or duct by a gas flow field, typically air or nitrogen, which has a velocity that is slow enough so that the partitioning tracer has time to interact with the contaminant before the tracer slug completely passes over the contaminate region. PCUT not only identifies the presence of contamination, it also can locate the contamination along the pipeline and quantify the amount of residual. PCUT can be used in support of deactivation and decommissioning (D&D) of piping and ducts that may have been contaminated with hazardous chemicals such as chlorinated solvents, petroleum products, radioactive materials, or heavy metals, such as mercury.
Sequence and Expression of mRNAs Encoding the α <sub>1</sub> and α <sub>2</sub> Subunits of a DHP-Sensitive Calcium Channel (1988)

Complementary DNAs were isolated and used to deduce the primary structures of the alpha 1 and alpha 2 subunits of the dihydropyridine-sensitive, voltage-dependent calcium channel from rabbit skeletal muscle. The alpha 1 subunit, which contains putative binding sites for calcium antagonists, is a hydrophobic protein with a sequence that is consistent with multiple transmembrane domains and shows structural and sequence homology with other voltage-dependent ion channels. In contrast, the alpha 2 subunit is a hydrophilic protein without homology to other known protein sequences. Nucleic acid hybridization studies suggest that the alpha 1 and alpha 2 subunit mRNAs are expressed differentially in a tissue-specific manner and that there is a family of genes encoding additional calcium channel subtypes.
Shallow Target Depth Imaging from Separated Wavefields (2011)

In dual-sensor data acquisition, the downgoing reflections from the sea surface may be regarded as additional source wavefields and help reduce the footprint effect. While efforts are made to suppress multiples in conventional acquisition, surface multiples will be used here as signal, to better image shallow targets by reducing the acquisition footprint effects. We perform a high-resolution depth imaging of shallow targets using separated upgoing and downgoing wavefields obtained from collocated hydrophone and velocity sensor recordings of a dual-sensor towed streamer system. The complete downgoing component is considered as source wavefield and the complete upgoing component as a receiver wavefield in a one-way wave equation imaging approach. The image is compared with a conventional one-way wave equation image obtained from solely hydrophone measurement (total pressure wavefield). Based on synthetic data we perform a 4D repeatability study to demonstrate the sea-surface effect on the obtained depth image for conventional and dual-sensor streamer data.
Solid State Polymerization and the Chemical Reactivity of Solid Polydiacetylenes (1986)

Abstract The term “design” of a solid state polymerization, taken to imply the necessary crystallographic and mechanistic considerations, is introduced with a view toward discovery and development of new lattice controlled processes. Using examples from known solid state polymerizations, a qualitative discussion of several crystallographic and mechanistic issues is presented. With the caveat that such issues may not be easily separated, a central conclusion appears to be that mechanistic problems associated with initiation and propagation steps may hold the key to progress in this area. While chlorine, aqua regia, and nitric acid convert single crystals of poly-1, 6-di-N-carbazolyl-2, 4-hexadiyne (DCH) to amorphous solids, bromination, which proceeds more rapidly as temperature is lowered, results in a crystalline solid. These reactions are anisotropic and their products are characterized by spectroscopic and crystallographic techniques. It is concluded that the initial reactivity is controlled by carbazole energy levels, rather than those of the conjugated backbone.
Improving Flash Wear-Leveling by Proactively Moving Static Data (2009)

Motivated by the strong demand for flash memory with enhanced reliability, this work attempts to achieve improved flash-memory endurance without substantially increasing overhead and without excessively modifying popular implementation designs such as the flash translation layer protocol (FTL), NAND flash translation layer protocol (NFTL), and block-level flash translation layer protocol (BL). A wear-leveling mechanism for moving data that are not updated is proposed to distribute wear-leveling actions over the entire physical address space, so that static or rarely updated data can be proactively moved and memory-space requirements can be minimized. The properties of the mechanism are then explored with various implementation considerations. A series of experiments based on a realistic trace demonstrates the significantly improved endurance of FTL, NFTL, and BL with limited system overhead.
Thermally Assisted Magnetic Recording Using an Optical Head with NA = 0.85 (2006)

Thermally assisted magnetic recording can solve fundamental problems with thermal fluctuation and write capability in magnetic recording. We built a dynamic write-read tester composed of a conventional spin stand and a recently designed magneto-optical (MO) head. We demonstrated the capability of writing small magnetic domains on TbFeCo recording media with a high coercive force (Hc) of 13 kOe by applying a small external field of less than 300 Oe. We also demonstrated a narrow track pitch (Tp) recording of less than 50 nm using the light intensity modulation (LIM) method. Magnetic domains with both mark length (ML) and track pitch of 46 nm, which correspond to an areal recording density of about 300 Gbit/in2, were reproduced using a conventional giant magneto resistive (GMR) read head. These results indicate that narrow track pitch recording can be achieved by using thermally assisted magnetic recording.
Targeted α-Therapy of Metastatic Castration-Resistant Prostate Cancer with <sup>225</sup>Ac-PSMA-617: Dosimetry Estimate and Empiric Dose Finding (2017)

The aim of this study was to develop a treatment protocol for <sup>225</sup>Ac-PSMA-617 α-radiation therapy in advanced-stage, metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer patients with prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA)-positive tumor phenotype. <b>Methods:</b> A dosimetry estimate was calculated on the basis of time-activity curves derived from serially obtained <sup>177</sup>Lu-PSMA-617 scans extrapolated to the physical half-life of <sup>225</sup>Ac, assuming instant decay of unstable daughter nuclides. Salvage therapies empirically conducted with 50 (<i>n</i> = 4), 100 (<i>n</i> = 4), 150 (<i>n</i> = 2), and 200 kBq/kg (<i>n</i> = 4) of <sup>225</sup>Ac-PSMA-617 were evaluated retrospectively regarding toxicity and treatment response. Eight of 14 patients received further cycles in either 2- or 4-mo intervals with identical or deescalated activities. <b>Results:</b> Dosimetry estimates for 1 MBq of <sup>225</sup>Ac-PSMA-617 assuming a relative biologic effectiveness of 5 revealed mean doses of 2.3 Sv for salivary glands, 0.7 Sv for kidneys, and 0.05 Sv for red marrow that are composed of 99.4% α, 0.5% β, and 0.1% photon radiation, respectively. In clinical application, severe xerostomia became the dose-limiting toxicity if treatment activity exceeded 100 kBq/kg per cycle. At 100 kBq/kg, the duration of prostate-specific antigen decline was less than 4 mo, but if therapy was repeated every 2 mo patients experienced additive antitumor effects. Treatment activities of 50 kBq/kg were without toxicity but induced insufficient antitumor response in these high-tumor-burden patients. Remarkable antitumor activity by means of objective radiologic response or tumor marker decline was observed in 9 of 11 evaluable patients. <b>Conclusion:</b> For advanced-stage patients, a treatment activity of 100 kBq/kg of <sup>225</sup>Ac-PSMA-617 per cycle repeated every 8 wk presents a reasonable trade-off between toxicity and biochemical response.
High-Efficiency Retrovirus-Mediated Gene Transfer into the Livers of Mice (1998)

Recombinant retroviral vectors represent an attractive means of transferring genes into the liver because they integrate in the host cell genome and result in permanent gene expression. However, efficient gene transfer is limited by the requirement of active cell division for integration. Surgical partial hepatectomy has been the traditional method of inducing hepatocellular proliferation, but this invasive approach would be difficult to justify in clinical gene therapy. As an alternative, we used a recombinant adenovirus expressing a nonsecreted form of urokinase plaminogen activator (Ad.PGKmuPA), which results in liver regeneration over a period of 8 days. When a high-titer retroviral vector was continuously infused into the portal vein of mice during this period of hepatocyte proliferation, 33.5% of hepatocytes were stably transduced. In addition, high-level expression of a secreted transgene reporter was sustained for at least 48 weeks (length of experiment). We investigated the influence of vector titer on the in vivo transduction efficiency in our system, and found that the total number of infectious retroviral particles delivered per target cell is a critical factor. The results presented here demonstrate the ability to obtain a high gene transfer efficiency and long-term gene expression in hepatocytes in vivo without the need for surgical hepatectomy. The two-vector system described here may be of clinical relevance, as the level of hepatic gene transfer achieved has potential to be curative for a large number of genetic liver diseases.
Apolipoprotein A5: A newly identified gene impacting plasma triglyceride levels in humans and mice - eScholarship (2002)

Apolipoprotein A5 (APOA5) is a newly described member of the apolipoprotein gene family whose initial discovery arose from comparative sequence analysis of the mammalian APOA1/C3/A4 gene cluster. Functional studies in mice indicated that alteration in the level of APOA5 significantly impacted plasma triglyceride concentrations. Mice over-expressing human APOA5 displayed significantly reduced triglycerides, while mice lacking apoA5 had a large increase in this lipid parameter. Studies in humans have also suggested an important role for APOA5 in determining plasma triglyceride concentrations. In these experiments, polymorphisms in the human gene were found to define several common haplotypes that were associated with significant changes in triglyceride concentrations in multiple populations. Several separate clinical studies have provided consistent and strong support for the effect with 24 percent of Caucasians, 35 percent of African-Americans and 53 percent of Hispanics carrying APOA5 haplotypes associated with increased plasma triglyceride levels. In summary, APOA5 represents a newly discovered gene involved in triglyceride metabolism in both humans and mice whose mechanism of action remains to be deciphered.
Orthologs of the archaeal isopentenyl phosphate kinase regulate terpenoid production in plants (2015)

Terpenoids, compounds found in all domains of life, represent the largest class of natural products with essential roles in their hosts. All terpenoids originate from the five-carbon building blocks, isopentenyl diphosphate (IPP) and its isomer dimethylallyl diphosphate (DMAPP), which can be derived from the mevalonic acid (MVA) and methylerythritol phosphate (MEP) pathways. The absence of two components of the MVA pathway from archaeal genomes led to the discovery of an alternative MVA pathway with isopentenyl phosphate kinase (IPK) catalyzing the final step, the formation of IPP. Despite the fact that plants contain the complete classical MVA pathway, IPK homologs were identified in every sequenced green plant genome. Here, we show that IPK is indeed a member of the plant terpenoid metabolic network. It is localized in the cytosol and is coexpressed with MVA pathway and downstream terpenoid network genes. In planta, IPK acts in parallel with the MVA pathway and plays an important role in regulating the formation of both MVA and MEP pathway-derived terpenoid compounds by controlling the ratio of IP/DMAP to IPP/DMAPP. IP and DMAP can also competitively inhibit farnesyl diphosphate synthase. Moreover, we discovered a metabolically available carbon source for terpenoid formation in plants that is accessible via IPK overexpression. This metabolite reactivation approach offers new strategies for metabolic engineering of terpenoid production.
A Novel Vision-Based Crack Quantification Approach by Incorporating Depth Perception for Condition Assessment of Structures (2012)

Cracks are important defects that can cause catastrophes if neglected. Visual inspection is currently the predominant method for crack assessment. This approach is labor-intensive, yet highly qualitative. Although several non-destructive evaluation methods have been proposed for inspection purposes, they cannot quantify crack thickness reliably. In this paper, a new contact-less crack quantification methodology, based on computer vision and image processing concepts, is introduced and evaluated. The proposed approach utilizes depth perception to quantify crack thickness.
Sharpened VO<sub>2</sub> Phase Transition via Controlled Release of Epitaxial Strain (2017)

Phase transitions in correlated materials can be manipulated at the nanoscale to yield emergent functional properties, promising new paradigms for nanoelectronics and nanophotonics. Vanadium dioxide (VO<sub>2</sub>), an archetypal correlated material, exhibits a metal-insulator transition (MIT) above room temperature. At the thicknesses required for heterostructure applications, such as an optical modulator discussed here, the strain state of VO<sub>2</sub> largely determines the MIT dynamics critical to the device performance. We develop an approach to control the MIT dynamics in epitaxial VO<sub>2</sub> films by employing an intermediate template layer with large lattice mismatch to relieve the interfacial lattice constraints, contrary to conventional thin film epitaxy that favors lattice match between the substrate and the growing film. A combination of phase-field simulation, in situ real-time nanoscale imaging, and electrical measurements reveals robust undisturbed MIT dynamics even at preexisting structural domain boundaries and significantly sharpened MIT in the templated VO<sub>2</sub> films. Utilizing the sharp MIT, we demonstrate a fast, electrically switchable optical waveguide. This study offers unconventional design principles for heteroepitaxial correlated materials, as well as novel insight into their nanoscale phase transitions.
Sperm selection capacity of the human zona pellucida (1991)

Previous hemizona assay (HZA) results have illustrated a positive and significant correlation between the percentage of morphologically normal spermatozoa in the semen and the number of spermatozoa tightly bound to the zona pellucida. The present study was designed to evaluate the morphologic features using strict criteria of spermatozoa tightly bound to the zona pellucida. Semen samples of 4 normozoospermic and 11 teratozoospermic men were used to compare the percentage of normal spermatozoa in the semen with that found 1) after swim-up separation and 2) bound to the zona under HZA conditions. The mean (+/- SEM) % normal forms for normozoospermic men in semen, after swim-up and zona-bound spermatozoa were 21.5 +/- 1.6, 27.5 +/- 2.9, and 44.8 +/- 3.4, respectively. A significantly higher % of normal forms were found among zona-bound sperm compared to swim-up forms (p = 0.02) and seminal sperm (p = 0.02). The mean % of normal sperm forms present in semen, after swim-up and zona pellucida-binding for teratozoospermic men, were 3.7 +/- 0.9, 5.8 +/- 1.6 and 15.6 +/- 3.1, respectively. Significant differences existed between the % of normal sperm forms found in the swim-up and zona-bound spermatozoa (P = less than 0.01 and P = less than 0.0003, respectively) compared to the original ejaculates. Results indicate that a selective process against abnormal spermatozoa occurs at the site of the zona pellucida.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)