gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Stromal Cell-Derived Factor 1, a Novel Target of Estrogen Receptor Action, Mediates the Mitogenic Effects of Estradiol in Ovarian and Breast Cancer Cells (2003)

Recent clinical studies estimate that 60-70% of human ovarian and breast cancers overexpress the estrogen receptor (ER). However, despite the established mitogenic effects of estrogen in these tumors, proliferative markers of hormone action are limited. In the current study, we report that the growth stimulatory cytokine stromal cell-derived factor 1 (SDF-1) is a bona fide target of estrogen action in ERalpha-positive human ovarian and breast cancer cells. Notably, estradiol treatment of BG-1 (ovarian carcinoma) and MCF-7 (breast carcinoma) cells leads to rapid and robust induction of the SDF-1alpha and beta isoforms. This response is blocked by the pure ER antagonist ICI 182,780 and is not apparent in ER-negative ovarian cells, indicating that SDF-1 regulation is ERalpha mediated. Treatment with the protein synthesis inhibitor cycloheximide had no effect on estradiol induction of induction of SDF-1 mRNA levels mRNA levels, demonstrating that SDF-1 is a direct target of ERalpha. SDF-1 protein levels, although undetectable under basal conditions, were strikingly increased by hormone both intracellularly and in the media of cultured BG-1 and MCF-7 cells. In cell proliferation assays, the mitogenic effects of estradiol were neutralized by addition of an SDF-1 antibody and mimicked by the addition of exogenous SDF-1 protein, indicating that SDF-1 mediates the proliferative actions of hormone. Furthermore, activation of the SDF-1 receptor CXCR4 stimulated BG-1 and MCF-7 cell proliferation in a manner comparable to estradiol. Taken together, these results demonstrate a novel estrogen-mediated paracrine pathway for inducing cancer cell proliferation and suggest that SDF-1 and CXCR4 may represent novel therapeutic targets in ERalpha-positive ovarian and breast tumors.
Antiviral Activity of a Single-Domain Antibody Immunotoxin Binding to Glycoprotein D of Herpes Simplex Virus 2 (2014)

Despite years of research dedicated to preventing the sexual transmission of herpes simplex virus 2 (HSV-2), there is still no protective vaccine or microbicide against one of the most common sexually transmitted infections in the world. Using a phage display library constructed from a llama immunized with recombinant HSV-2 glycoprotein D, we identified a single-domain antibody VHH, R33, which binds to the viral surface glycoprotein D. Although R33 does not demonstrate any HSV-2 neutralization activity in vitro, when expressed with the cytotoxic domain of exotoxin A, the resulting immunotoxin (R33ExoA) specifically and potently kills HSV-2-infected cells, with a 50% neutralizing dilution (IC50) of 6.7 nM. We propose that R33ExoA could be used clinically to prevent transmission of HSV-2 through killing of virus-producing epithelial cells during virus reactivation. R33 could also potentially be used to deliver other cytotoxic effectors to HSV-2-infected cells.
HER-2 / neu and Topoisomerase II&#945; - Simultaneous Drug Targets in Cancer (2003)

In solid tumors the predominant genetic mechanism for oncogene activation is through amplification of genes. The HER-2 (also known as ErbB2/c-erbB2/HER-2/neu) oncogene is the most frequently amplified oncogene in breast cancer and is also commonly amplified in other forms of cancer. Alongside its important role in tumor induction, growth and progression, HER-2 is also a target for a new form of chemotherapy. Since 1998, breast cancer patients have been treated with considerable success with Herceptin (trastuzumab), a recombinant antibody designed to block signaling through the HER-2 receptor. In addition to Herceptin, a large number of various HER-2 directed immunological and genetic approaches, either targeting the HER-2 receptor, its signaling pathways or both HER-2 and epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) together, have demonstrated promising pre-clinical potential towards HER-2 amplified carcinomas. Moreover, the HER-2 amplicon contains other genes with altered copy numbers that could be used as targets for chemotherapy. The topoisomerase IIalpha (topoIIalpha) gene (TOP2A) is located adjacent to the HER-2 oncogene at the chromosome location 17q12-q21 and is either amplified or deleted, with equal frequency, in almost 90% of HER-2 amplified primary breast tumors. Recent data suggest that amplification or deletion of TOP2A may account for both sensitivity or resistance to topoII-inhibitor-chemotherapy, depending on the specific genetic defect at the TOP2A locus. The understanding of HER-2 amplification and its role in the pathogenesis of cancer is expanding. The number of therapeutic strategies targeting HER-2 signaling pathways will most probably be introduced in the treatment of HER-2 amplified tumors within the next few years. Combining HER-2 targeting therapies with conventional forms of cytotoxic chemotherapy, where additional diagnostics tests such as those ascertaining topoIIalpha status, may be helpful for the ideal selection of patients for the combination therapy of a HER-2 targeting drug together with a cytotoxic drug. The clinical and therapeutic importance of the HER-2 and TOPO2A status of tumor cells in cancer management will only increase within the next few years.
Design and control of a three-phase grid-connected photovoltaic system with developed maximum power point tracking (2008)

In this paper an optimum design and control of three-phase grid-connected PV system has been proposed and analyzed. Also, a developed maximum power point tracking (MPPT) controller that uses the PV array differential power to voltage (dP/dV) as an index to provide the reference voltage of maximum power point (MPP) quickly and accurately is presented. The control scheme of a three phase current-controlled space vector pulse-width modulation (5VPWM) inverter in rotating synchronous coordinate d-q with the proposed MPPT algorithm and feed-forward compensation is discussed. The PV grid-connected system controller employs multi-loop control with the filter inductor current of the inverter in the inner loop to achieve fast dynamic response and the outer loop to control do bus voltage for MPPT. The design method provided in the paper for the controller parameters and filter proved to be very practical and effective. Both the power quality into the grid and power factor correction comply with standards IEEE 929-2000. Good agreement is obtained between simulation and experimental results which illustrated the high performance of the proposed approach.
Monitoring of gallbladder and gastric coordination by EPI (2004)

This study shows the potential of EPI to monitor simultaneously and noninvasively the emptying of the gallbladder and of the gastric lumen. No contrast enhancing agents are needed. This method could overcome the limitations of previous gamma scintigraphy and ultrasound techniques.
Optical flatness and alignment mark contrast in highly planar technologies (2002)

The authors discuss an interlevel alignment problem encountered during the implementation of a highly planarized microelectronics manufacturing technology. The problem is caused by alignment marks with poor bright field image contrast and affects the ability of alignment and registration systems to properly detect and resolve mark positions. The bright field image contrast of the marks, which are formed by recessing polysilicon through a patterned silicon nitride layer, is found to depend strongly on both the depth of the mark as well as the thickness of the overlying nitride. Computer simulation is used to explore a correlation between poor contrast and small optical step height, highlighting a distinction between physical flatness and optical flatness. A simple optical path length calculation which takes into account process variations serves as a check for optical flatness and provides a set of guidelines for ensuring reliable detection of alignment marks.
BI-RADS for Sonography: Positive and Negative Predictive Values of Sonographic Features (2005)

Descriptors from the new sonographic BI-RADS lexicon can be useful in differentiating benign from malignant solid masses.
TOTAL POLYPHENOLS ANALYSIS OF MATURE SEEDS AND TISSUE CULTURES OF SOME COLOMBIAN COCOA VARIETIES (2008)

The aim of this research was to establish cocoa (Theobroma cacao) cell suspensions culture to analyze the total polyphenols content for two Colombian cocoa varieties and to compare the results with the total polyphenols content from the same field varieties. The final results showed that it is possible to produce big amount of cocoa cell biomass able to synthesize the metabolites without loosing its organoleptic properties (smell, color, and flavor), and to produce an acceptable content of total polyphenols compared with the natural seeds. This preliminary study is a promising perspective for future production of the antioxidants and to supplement with them the cocoa by-products.
Oxirane Ring Opening of Anhydrosugars with Alkynyl- and Alkenylaluminates (1990)

The oxirane ring opening of 2,3-anhydro-pentopyranosides and 2,3-anhydro-hexopyranosides with organoaluminate reagents is described. By the use of trialkylalkynylaluminates, deoxy-alkynyl sugars are obtained in good yields. Trialkylalkenylaluminates are less efficient and react only with the pentosides. Vinylmagnesium bromide is used as an alternative reagent for the introduction of a vinyl group.
Image Annotation System Using Visual and Textual Features. (2010)

We present an automated Image Annotation system called I-Tag which uses both visual and textual information of the images and recommends relevant tags for them. The automatic generation of metadata would allow image searches and content-based image retrieval (CBIR) to be more effective. We use state of the art tools on text based retrieval and image content based retrieval to retrieve similar images. We use an open source image retrieval engine called FIRE [8], to perform content based image search. We use the visual features as well as the title of the image to recommend tags for the image with high relevance. Experiments are conducted on approximately 5000 images downloaded from FLICKR to compare the accuracy of the recommended tags. Our experiments show that the mean average precision of the recommended tags is 69%. Index terms: image annotation, tagging, image retrieval, content-based image retrieval. 1.
Molecular Cloning of a cDNA for the Human Phospholysine Phosphohistidine Inorganic Pyrophosphate Phosphatase (2003)

We previously reported the isolation from bovine liver of a novel 56-kDa inorganic pyrophosphatase named phospholysine phosphohistidine inorganic pyrophosphate phosphatase (LHPPase). It is a unique enzyme that hydrolyzes not only oxygen-phosphorus bonds in inorganic pyrophosphate but also nitrogen-phosphorus bonds in phospholysine, phosphohistidine and imidodiphosphate in vitro. In this study, we determined the partial amino acid sequence of the purified bovine LHPPase. To investigate whether humans have the same enzyme, we isolated a cDNA clone from a HeLa cell cDNA library that encodes for the human homologue of LHPPase. Although its sequence does not include the consensus sequence of a typical inorganic pyrophosphatase, it does contain a similar sequence of the active site in other phosphatases such as protein-tyrosine phosphatase, dual-specific phosphatase and low molecular weight acid phosphatase. Human LHPPase was highly expressed in the liver and kidney, and moderately in the brain. The recombinant protein was produced in E. coli. Its ability to hydrolyze oxygen-phosphorus bonds and nitrogen-phosphorus bonds was confirmed. The enzymatic characteristics of this human protein were similar to those of purified bovine LHPPase. Thus, we concluded that the cDNA encoded the human counterpart of bovine LHPPase.
Hedge funds y riesgo sistémico (2012)

Los Hedge Funds han sido objeto de reciente regulacion en EE.UU y en Europa en el intento de tratar de controlar el riesgo sistemico que puede plantear su intervencion en los mercados. En este trabajo se ofrece un concepto de HF desde el punto de vista del derecho positivo y se analizan sus principales caracteristicas y los riesgos que para la estabilidad financiera puede generar su actuacion, asi como las soluciones normativas previstas al respecto no solo para los Hedge Funds, sino tambien para las entidades financieras en general, incluyendo el sistema bancario en la sombra. ABSTRACT: Hedge funds have been recently regulated at USA and European level. The main purpose of the rules and regulations is the surveillance and control of the systemic risk. In this paper we propose a Hedge Funds definition having in mind the current rules and regulations; we also study the main HF characteristics and risks generated by HF for the financial stability. HF sometimes operate like banks as members of the shadow banking system. Regulatory solutions to the risks posed by the activity of the non banking financial entities in the financial markets are also analyzed
Construction and application of textile-based tissue engineering scaffolds: a review (2020)

Tissue engineering (TE) provides a practicable method for tissue and organ repair or substitution. As the most important component of TE, a scaffold plays a critical role in providing a growing environment for cell proliferation and functional differentiation as well as good mechanical support. And the restorative effects are greatly dependent upon the nature of the scaffold including the composition, morphology, structure, and mechanical performance. Medical textiles have been widely employed in the clinic for a long time and are being extensively investigated as TE scaffolds. However, unfortunately, the advantages of textile technology cannot be fully exploited in tissue regeneration due to the ignoring of the diversity of fabric structures. Therefore, this review focuses on textile-based scaffolds, emphasizing the significance of the fabric design and the resultant characteristics of cell behavior and extracellular matrix reconstruction. The structure and mechanical behavior of the fabrics constructed by various textile techniques for different tissue repairs are summarized. Furthermore, the prospect of structural design in the TE scaffold preparation was anticipated, including profiled fibers and some unique and complex textile structures. Hopefully, the readers of this review would appreciate the importance of structural design of the scaffold and the usefulness of textile-based TE scaffolds in tissue regeneration.
Single Amino Acid Substitutions in HXT2.4 from Scheffersomyces stipitis Lead to Improved Cellobiose Fermentation by Engineered Saccharomyces cerevisiae (2012)

Saccharomyces cerevisiae cannot utilize cellobiose, but this yeast can be engineered to ferment cellobiose by introducing both cellodextrin transporter (cdt-1) and intracellular β-glucosidase (gh1-1) genes from Neurospora crassa. Here, we report that an engineered S. cerevisiae strain expressing the putative hexose transporter gene HXT2.4 from Scheffersomyces stipitis and gh1-1 can also ferment cellobiose. This result suggests that HXT2.4p may function as a cellobiose transporter when HXT2.4 is overexpressed in S. cerevisiae. However, cellobiose fermentation by the engineered strain expressing HXT2.4 and gh1-1 was much slower and less efficient than that by an engineered strain that initially expressed cdt-1 and gh1-1. The rate of cellobiose fermentation by the HXT2.4-expressing strain increased drastically after serial subcultures on cellobiose. Sequencing and retransformation of the isolated plasmids from a single colony of the fast cellobiose-fermenting culture led to the identification of a mutation (A291D) in HXT2.4 that is responsible for improved cellobiose fermentation by the evolved S. cerevisiae strain. Substitutions for alanine (A291) of negatively charged amino acids (A291E and A291D) or positively charged amino acids (A291K and A291R) significantly improved cellobiose fermentation. The mutant HXT2.4(A291D) exhibited 1.5-fold higher K(m) and 4-fold higher V(max) values than those from wild-type HXT2.4, whereas the expression levels were the same. These results suggest that the kinetic properties of wild-type HXT2.4 expressed in S. cerevisiae are suboptimal, and mutations of A291 into bulky charged amino acids might transform HXT2.4p into an efficient transporter, enabling rapid cellobiose fermentation by engineered S. cerevisiae strains.
Derivation of a continuum model and its electric equivalent-circuit representation for ionic polymer–metal composite (IPMC) electromechanics (2006)

Biomedical engineering applications of ionic polymer–metal composites such as motion devices for endoscopy, pumps, valves, catheter navigation mechanisms and spinal pressure sensors make it important to properly model IPMCs for engineering design. In particular, IPMC continuum models and their electric equivalent circuit representation are critical to a more efficient design of IPMC devices. In this paper, we propose a new continuum electromechanical model to understand and predict the electrical/mechanical behavior of the IPMC. An IPMC lumped-parameter circuit is derived from its continuum model to predict the relationship between its voltage and current signals. Although based on previous works of Shahinpoor and Nemat-Nasser, our model was derived on a macroscopic level, the water effects were assumed negligible when compared with the electrical effects of mobile ions for the IPMC motion, the model parameters were clearly identified in their physical meaning, and an equivalent-circuit IPMC model was determined from the established continuum electromechanical model. Experiments are done with two IPMC pieces having different dimensions, which were previously immersed in a sodium solution. The IPMCs are current driven, the transverse displacement and voltage signals being measured for different current values, avoiding the water electrolysis phenomenon. Simulations using the analytic models derived are compared with the experimental results and they are found to predict the electrical and mechanical relations very accurately.
Expression Levels of <i>TEL</i>, <i>AML1</i>, and the Fusion Products <i>TEL-AML1</i> and <i>AML1-TEL</i> versus Drug Sensitivity and Clinical Outcome in t(12;21)-Positive Pediatric Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia (2005)

High AML1-TEL expression is an independent poor prognostic factor in t(12;21)+ childhood ALL.
Gene expression profiling reveals novel TGFβ targets in adult lung fibroblasts (2004)

This study identifies several novel TGFbeta targets in lung fibroblasts, and confirms with independent methods the induction of angiotensin II receptor type 1, underlining a potential role for angiotensin II receptor 1 antagonism in the treatment of lung fibrosis.
Multiple-criteria call admission control scheme for ATM networks (2001)

The performance of the CAC scheme based on the periodic measurement of traffics (PMT) using statistical bandwidth in ATM networks is studied. The proposed PMT CAC scheme implements the dynamic admission control which can be applied to the distinct delay-sensitive variable-bit-rate sources. Since the estimated bandwidth and buffer resources can be allocated adaptively by the aggregate traffic measurement, the proposed PMT CAC scheme has great flexibility in the bandwidth allocation according to the network status. Simulation results show that the higher the burst of cell arrivals become, the greater the multiplexing gain that can be obtained. The proposed scheme is expected to be less overly conservative than conventional methods, so that the network resource utilisation can be greatly improved.
A 400GΩ Input-Impedance, 220MV<inf>pp</inf> Linear-Input-Range, 2.8V<inf>pp</inf> CM-Interference-Tolerant Active Electrode for Non-Contact Capacitively Coupled ECG Acquisition (2018)

This paper presents a purely capacitively coupled active electrode (AE) for ECG acquisition for implementation in smart clothing or furniture. The AE has a DC input impedance of 400GΩ and 3.7µV <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">rms</inf> (0.5-100Hz) input-referred noise. The whole design supports 220mV <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">pp</inf> differential linear input range required in practical scenarios. An active driven-right-leg (DRL) loop is provided, achieving at least 70dB CMRR for up to 2.8V <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">pp</inf> common-mode (CM) interference. Implemented in a 0.18µm CMOS process, the prototype occupies an area of 1.23mm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> , and consumes 18µA and 13µA for the AE and DRL respectively. Through-clothing non-contact capacitively coupled ECG acquisition is demonstrated.
Pattern recognition algorithms based on space-filling curves and orthogonal expansions (2001)

The classical problem of constructing a multidimensional pattern classifier in the Bayesian framework is considered. Preprocessing of the learning sequence by a quasi-inverse of a space-filling curve is proposed and properties of space-filling curves which are necessary to obtain Bayes risk consistency are indicated. The learning sequence transformed into the unit interval is used to estimate the coefficients in an orthogonal expansion of the Bayes decision rule. To transform a new observation into the unit interval requires O(d) elementary operations, where d is the dimension of the observation space. Strong Bayes risk consistency of the classifiers is proved when distributions of the random pair of the observation vector and its class are absolutely continuous with respect to the Lebesgue measure. Attainable convergence rate of the Bayes risk is discussed. Details of the classification algorithm based on the Haar series and its properties are presented. Distribution-free consistency of the classifier is established. The performance of such a classifier is tested both on simulated data and on the standard benchmarks providing misclassification errors comparable to, or even better than the k nearest neighbors (k-NN) method.
New Molecular Scaffolds: Synthesis of (2<i>R</i>,3<i>R</i>)- and (2<i>S</i>,3<i>S</i>)-3-Nitro-7-oxabicyclo[2.2.1]hept-5-ene-2-carbaldehyde from Furan (2006)

Asymmetric Diels-Alder reactions between furan and chiral (E)-1,2-dideoxy-1-nitroalkenes derived from d-mannose and d-galactose take place quantitatively at room temperature and under high pressure (13 kbar), thus yielding, in each case, mixtures of the four possible stereoisomers of 3-nitro-2-(penta-O-acetylpentitol-1-yl)-7-oxabicyclo[2.2.1]hept-5-enes. The 3-nitro-7-oxabicyclo[2.2.1]hept-5-ene-2-carbaldehydes were obtained by deacetylation, followed by oxidative degration of the sugar chains of the corresponding major stereoisomers produced in each of the two Diels­-Alder reactions.
Thermally enhanced photoluminescence for heat harvesting in photovoltaics (2016)

The maximal Shockley-Queisser efficiency limit of 41% for single-junction photovoltaics is primarily caused by heat dissipation following energetic-photon absorption. Solar-thermophotovoltaics concepts attempt to harvest this heat loss, but the required high temperatures (T>2,000 K) hinder device realization. Conversely, we have recently demonstrated how thermally enhanced photoluminescence is an efficient optical heat-pump that operates in comparably low temperatures. Here we theoretically and experimentally demonstrate such a thermally enhanced photoluminescence based solar-energy converter. Here heat is harvested by a low bandgap photoluminescent absorber that emits thermally enhanced photoluminescence towards a higher bandgap photovoltaic cell, resulting in a maximum theoretical efficiency of 70% at a temperature of 1,140 K. We experimentally demonstrate the key feature of sub-bandgap photon thermal upconversion with an efficiency of 1.4% at only 600 K. Experiments on white light excitation of a tailored Cr:Nd:Yb glass absorber suggest that conversion efficiencies as high as 48% at 1,500 K are in reach.