gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Virtual Network Embedding with Path-based Latency Guarantees in Elastic Optical Networks (2019)

Elastic Optical Network (EON) virtualization has recently emerged as an enabling technology for 5G network slicing. A fundamental problem in EON slicing (known as Virtual Network Embedding (VNE)) is how to efficiently map a virtual network (VN) on a substrate EON characterized by elastic transponders and flexible grid. Since a number of 5G services will have strict latency requirements, the VNE problem in EONs must be solved while guaranteeing latency targets. In existing literature, latency has always been modeled as a constraint applied on the virtual links of the VN. In contrast, we argue in favor of an alternate modeling that constrains the latency of virtual paths. Constraining latency over virtual paths (vs. over virtual links) poses additional modeling and algorithmic challenges to the VNE problem, but allows us to capture end-to-end service requirements. In this paper, we first model latency in an EON by identifying the different factors that contribute to it. We formulate the VNE problem with latency guarantees as an Integer Linear Program (ILP) and propose a heuristic solution that can scale to large problem instances. We evaluated our proposed solutions using real network topologies and realistic transmission configurations under different scenarios and observed that, for a given VN request, latency constraints can be guaranteed by accepting a modest increase in network resource utilization. Latency constraints instead showed a higher impact on VN blocking ratio in dynamic scenarios.
Towards Dynamic Real-Time Geo-location Databases for TV White Spaces (2013)

Recent FCC regulations on TV white spaces allow geo-location databases to be the sole source of spectrum information for White Space Devices (WSDs). Geo-location databases protect TV band incumbents by keeping track of TV transmitters and their protected service areas based on their location, transmission parameters and sophisticated propagation models. In this article, we argue that keeping track of both TV transmitters and TV receivers (i.e. TV sets) can achieve significant improvement in the availability of white spaces. We first identify wasted spectrum opportunities, both temporal and spatial, due to the current approach of white spaces detection. We then propose DynaWhite, a cloud-based architecture that orchestrates the detection and dissemination of highly-dynamic, real-time, and fine-grained TV white space information. DynaWhite introduces the next generation of geo-location databases by combining traditional sensing techniques with a novel unconventional sensing approach based on the detection of the passive TV receivers using standard cell phones. We present a quantitative evaluation of the potential gains in white space availability for large scale deployments of DynaWhite. We finally identify challenges that need to be addressed in the research community in order to exploit this potential for leveraging dynamic real-time fine-grained TV white spaces.
Hypoloid Gears with Small Shaft Angles and Zero-to-Large Offsets (2009)

GEARTECHNOLOGY November/December 2009 www.geartechnology.com 58 Figure 1—Pinion offset position (see ANSI/AGMA/ISO 23509-A08). ������ �� ������ ������ �������� ���� ������������� ����������� Management Summary Beveloid gears are used to accommodate a small shaft angle. The manufacturing technology used for beveloid gearing is a special setup of cylindrical gear cutting and grinding machines. A new development, the so-called Hypoloid gearing, addresses the desire of gear manufacturers for more freedoms. Hypoloid gear sets can realize shaft angles between zero and 20° and at the same time, allow a second shaft angle (or an offset) in space that provides the freedom to connect two points in space. The first application of Hypoloids is found in all-wheel-drive vehicles. Because of their unique geometry, Hypoloids can be used to connect the transfer case to the front axle without the use of CV joints, allowing for greater efficiency, reduced NVH characteristics and tighter packaging. The Hypoloid technology does not apply only to automotive drive trains. Its advantages apply also to aircraft as well as general gearbox manufacturing. Hypoloid Gears with Small Shaft Angles and Zero-to-Large Offsets
Synthesis of Additional Endotoxins in <I>Bacillus thuringiensis</I> subsp. <I>morrisoni</I> PG-14 and <I>Bacillus thuringiensis</I> subsp. <I>jegathesan</I> Significantly Improves Their Mosquitocidal Efficacy (2005)

A fundamental principal of resistance management is that the more complex and potent a toxin mixture, the slower resistance will develop to the mixture in an insect population. Thus, to develop more complex and potent mosquitocidal bacteria, we genetically engineered Bacillus thuringiensis subsp. morrisoni PG-14 and Bacillus thuringiensis subsp. jegathesan, to synthesize, respectively, the binary (Bin) toxin of Bacillus sphaericus or a combination of Bin and the CytlA protein of Bacillus thuringiensis subsp. israelensis. Engineering these two larvicidal bacteria in general significantly improved their efficacy against fourth instars in comparison with their wild-type parental strains. For B. thuringiensis subsp. morrisoni PG-14, which naturally synthesizes Cyt1A, synthesis of Bin improved efficacy nine-fold (LC50 from 4.5 to 0.5 ng/ml) against Culex quinquefasciatus Say, although no improvement was observed (LC50 of 2 ng/ml for both strains) against Aedes aegypti L. For B. thuringiensis subsp. jegathesan, cosynthesis of Bin plus Cyt1A in combination with its normal complement of endotoxins improved efficacy 17-fold (LC50 from 34 to 2 ng/ml) against Cx. quinquefasciatus and 3.2-fold (LC50 from 68 to 21 ng/ml) against Ae. aegypti. Addition of Bin alone to B. thuringiensis subsp. jegathesan did not improve toxicity (LC50 from 68 to 65 ng/ml) against Ae. aegypti, indicating that CytlA synergized the activity of the endotoxins in this strain against Ae. aegypti. These results demonstrate that mosquitocidal efficacy of these strains and likely their resistance management properties can be improved significantly by increasing their toxin complexity and the amount of toxin they synthesize.
Structure, properties, and fabrication of calcium aluminate‐based glasses (2019)

Abstract This review focuses on recent advances in the synthesis and characterization of calcium aluminate glasses and the effects of various ion additions/substitutions on the processing and properties of these glasses. Calcium aluminate‐based glasses are of great scientific and technological interest because of their extraordinary combination of broad spectral transparency, refractory nature, high mechanical stiffness and hardness, superior chemical durability, and low cost compared to glasses formed in many other families. Current obstacles for large‐scale manufacturing include high melting temperature and tendency for devitrification, which have so far received relatively little attention in the literature. The problem with devitrification can be partially mitigated through addition of certain oxides (MgO, GeO 2 , BaO, etc.) without severely impairing the optical transmission for applications as low‐loss optical materials. Suggestions for future research are also discussed, including improved understanding of composition‐structure‐property relationships, possible improvements of CaO‐Al 2 O 3 glass fiber fabrication, computational modeling to enable an improved glass‐forming ability, and detailed analysis of thermophysical properties for achieving the optimal composition without compromising performance.
Circular Beam-Steering Reconfigurable Antenna With Liquid Metal Parasitics (2012)

A novel antenna reconfiguration mechanism based on the displacement of liquid metal sections is presented. The liquid nature of the moving parts of the antenna helps avoid the main disadvantage of mechanically-actuated reconfigurable antennas which is the mechanical failure of their solid parts due to material fatigue, creep or wear. Furthermore, the displacement of liquid elements can be more effectively performed than in the case of solid materials by applying precise microfluidic techniques such as continuous-flow pumping or electrowetting. The reconfiguration mechanism is demonstrated through the design, fabrication and measurement of a radiation pattern reconfigurable antenna. This antenna operates at 1800 MHz with 4.0% bandwidth and is capable of performing beam-steering over a 360° range with fine tuning. The antenna is a novel circular Yagi-Uda array, where the movable parasitic director and reflector elements are implemented by liquid metal mercury (Hg). The parasitics are placed and rotated in a circular microfluidic channel around the driven element by means of a flow generated and controlled by a piezoelectric micropump. The measured results demonstrate good performance and the applicability of the microfluidic system.
An architecture for providing range extension by deploying mobile gateways in ad hoc networks (2003)

The dynamic nature of a mobile ad hoc network (MANET) may result in a cluster of nodes being isolated from the rest of the network, especially when deployed in a terrain with blockages. To provide connectivity between the partitions of an ad hoc network that might occur due to mobility, a 'range extension' network can be employed. Such a network might consist of airborne communication platforms, or geostationary/low-Earth-orbit satellites maintaining communication links with specific 'gateway' nodes that are dispersed among the mobile ground nodes. Thus, to communicate with a node that is geographically distant or belongs to a different network partition, an ad hoc node can relay its data packets through an appropriate mobile gateway and via the range extension network. In such an architecture, MANET is divided into different domains with a mobile gateway deployed for each domain. The objective, then, is to determine the position and trajectory of the gateways to optimize network performance metrics such as throughput and latency. In this paper, computation of the optimal position for a gateway is shown to be equivalent to a linear optimization problem by means of some simplifying but realistic assumptions. An algorithm is proposed for the control of the gateway trajectory. The practical constraints imposed by the velocity and maneuverability of the gateways are taken into account. Simulation results show a 10-15% improvement in the throughput and latency, per gateway domain, if a gateway has a dynamic trajectory whose locus follows the computed optimal position, as compared to a gateway that is statically placed at a fixed position, or to a gateway that has a random trajectory.
Multi-modal communication system (2009)

The Multi-Modal Communication (MMC) tool was designed to alleviate the workload and errors associated with intensive radio communication environments. MMC captures, records, and displays the radio communication to the operator so that they have instant access to all current and past information. This eliminates the perishable nature of radio communication and allows the operators to focus on the task instead of remembering and writing down information. The MMC tool also employs virtual audio display technology to spatialized the multiple audio signals to aid in the intelligibility of the radio communication. The combination of these technologies has led to the design of a communication interface that will improve the performance of operators confronted with monitoring high volume of radio communication.
Single-mode distributed-feedback interband cascade laser for the midwave infrared (2006)

Continuous-wave single-mode emission near λ=3.42μm is obtained from a distributed-feedback (DFB) interband cascade laser. The low-loss DFB mode in the 15-μm-wide ridge is resonant with the gain peak at 110K, where the maximum single-mode output power is 3mW. The instrument-limited linewidth is ⩽0.5Å, and the wavelength is linearly tunable over a 4nm range by varying the temperature from 110to125K (0.28nm∕K), or over 0.6nm by varying the current from 60to83mA (0.031nm∕mA).
Decoupling Category-wise Independence and Relevance with Self-attention for Multi-label Image Classification (2019)

Multi-label image classification has achieved remarkable progress thanks to deep convolutional neural networks (CNNs). In this paper, we propose a Decouple Network (DecoupleNet) which is an end-to-end CNN-based framework able to trade off class-level feature independence and relevance during training. The proposed DecoupleNet is able to decouple category-wise independence and relevance with image-level supervision. We design a category-wise space-to-depth module with a spatial pooling strategy to exploit more meaningful convolutional features. They are integrated with class-wise correlated information which is automatically learned via a new self-attention mechanism. We conduct extensive experiments on two large-scale benchmarks: the MS-COCO and the NUS-WIDE, where the proposed DecoupleNet obtains impressive performance compared favorably against the state-of-the-art methods on multi-label image classification.
Electron-beam tip/sample heating device for a scanning tunneling microscopy (2005)

We present an electron-beam heating device for a scanning tunneling microscopy (STM) that can be used for heating both the STM tip and the sample to 2200K. Mounted on a linear bellows with electrical feedthroughs, the device can be readily installed into the transfer path of a vacuum load lock. We demonstrate the heating capability of the device by flash cleaning Ru(0001) and Fe(001) crystals, and W tips. The flash-cleaned W tips are coated with Fe and further used for spin-polarized imaging of the Mn∕Fe(001) system.
Effect of Carbon Dioxide and Nitrogen in Hydrogen Sulfide on Optimum Reactor Temperature in Claus Process (2008)

This paper provides detailed examination of the effect of presence of N2 and CO2 in acid gas on the composition of the subsequent equilibrium product gas stream, in order to seek the optimum operating temperature for high sulfur removal efficiency. The study provides the important role of the incoming gas composition on the fate of sulfur recovery in the Claus reactor. Our studies reveal that the presence of N2 and CO2 in the acid gas stream impacts the sulfur recovery efficiency by altering the optimum temperature of the reactor as well as the conversion efficiency. The results show that the reactor temperature should be precisely monitored in order to enhance the sulfur recovery. The simulations provided here assist in quantifying the role of acid gas composition on sulfur recovery under different operational conditions of the reactor with minimal adverse effect on the environment.
Transformation of Dihydrostreptomycin into 3″-Deoxydihydrostreptomycin (1981)

Abstract 3″-Deoxydihydrostreptomycin active against resistant bacteria was prepared from dihydrostreptomycin (DHSM). The key intermediate in this synthesis is a protected derivative of DHSM in which all hydroxyl groups except the 3″-hydroxyl group are protected, namely, 2″-N-(benzyloxycarbonyl)-2,5,6-tris(O-tetrahydropyran-2-yl)-3′,3a′:4″,6″-bis(O-p-methylbenzylidene)-1,3-di-NG-tosyldihydrostreptomycin. 3″-Deoxygenation was successfully performed by 3″-O-imidazolylthiocarbonylation followed by treatment with tributylstannane. The Δ[M]TACu value of the synthetic 3″-deoxydihydrostreptomycin supports the structure.
Attenuated Total Reflection Fourier Transform Infrared (ATR‐FTIR) spectral discrimination of brain tumour severity from serum samples (2014)

Gliomas are the most frequent primary brain tumours in adults with over 9,000 people diagnosed each year in the UK. A rapid, reagent-free and cost-effective diagnostic regime using serum spectroscopy would allow for rapid diagnostic results and for swift treatment planning and monitoring within the clinical environment. We report the use of ATR-FTIR spectral data combined with a RBF-SVM for the diagnosis of gliomas (high-grade and low-grade) from non-cancer with sensitivities and specificities on average of 93.75 and 96.53% respectively. The proposed diagnostic regime has the ability to reduce mortality and morbidity rates.
Phage display selection of peptides against enzyme I of the phosphoenolpyruvate–sugar phosphotransferase system (PTS) (1997)

The bacterial phosphoenolpyruvate-sugar phosphotransferase system (PTS) mediates the uptake and phosphorylation of carbohydrates and is involved in signal transduction. In response to the availability of carbohydrates it modulates catabolite repression, intermediate metabolism, gene expression and chemotaxis. It is ubiquitous in bacteria but does not occur in animals and plants. Uniqueness and pleiotropic function make the PTS a target for new antibacterial drugs. Enzyme I is the first component of the divergent protein phosphorylation cascade of the PTS. It transfers phosphoryl groups from phosphoenolpyruvate to the general phosphoryl carrier protein HPr. Six 15-mer, nine 10-mer and nine 6-mer peptides that inhibit enzyme I were selected from phage display libraries. Of these, 16 were synthesized and characterized. The majority of the peptides contain a histidine with an adjacent arginine. Two peptides were found to contain cysteines but no histidine. All peptides are rich in basic residues and lack acidic amino acids. The peptides inhibit the phosphotransferase system in vitro with IC50 of between 10 microM and 2 mM. Some, but not all, of the peptides inhibit cell growth in the agar diffusion test by an as yet undefined mechanism. All peptides are phosphorylated by enzyme I, and some are regenerated by slow autocatalytic hydrolysis of the phospho-peptide bond.
Microplatforms for avian malaria studies (2011)

This work demonstrates a microfluidic platform to study and differentiate avian red blood cells infected to various degrees by the malaria parasite Plasmodium gallinaceum. The preliminary finding points to the feasibility of using the morphological changes on the surface of the malaria infected avian RBC (miaRBC) as biomarkers for diagnosis. By embedding a glass substrate with a controlled surface roughness in a polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) microfluidic channels, the surface lesions and furrow-like structures on the miaRBC surfaces could interact with the substrate and be separated at 3.2%, 3.9%, 9.1%, 13.4%, and 20.1% infections. It was estimated that the miaRBCs could be selectively captured under a wall shear rate between 2.1 to 3.2 s <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">-1</sup> , and could be improved by increasing the channel length and finer flow control.
Frequency selective harmonic balance analysis (2009)

The authors have developed a new way to set up circuit harmonic balance equations in a circuit simulator. The new method flexibly assigns different analysis frequencies to different parts of the circuit according to user input. The improved multi-tone analysis method was implemented in the circuit simulator APLAC by the authors. Memory consumption and simulation times were smaller.
Insoluble Starch Xanthate: Preparation, Stabilization, Scaleup and Use (1978)

Abstract The addition of magnesium sulfate to xanthation mixtures of crosslinked starch aided isolation, scaleup and room‐temperature product stability on storage. Pilot‐plant scaleup of laboratory‐developed procedures also yielded water‐insoluble products effective in removing heavy metals from water. Several different processing methods are presented to show the ease of preparation and use of the products.
Preparation of ferroelectric nanoparticles for their use in liquid crystalline colloids (2009)

In this paper we summarize our many years of experience in the preparation and optimization of stable colloids of ferroelectric nanoparticles dispersed in an isotropic carrier and in a liquid crystal host. The colloids are of interest for use in electro-optic devices, photorefractive hybrids and nonlinear optical elements. We also outline some of the most interesting features the nanoparticles bring to liquid crystals, along with the potential of these relatively new colloids.
CSF tau phosphorylation occupancy at t217 increases in MAPT R406W mutation carriers without amyloid pathology (2021)

Abstract Background Tau hyperphosphorylation at Threonine 217 (pT217) in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) has recently been linked to early amyloidosis and could serve as a highly sensitive biomarker for Alzheimer disease (AD). However, it remains unclear whether pT217 could be modified in other tauopathies. Using immunoprecipitation and mass spectrometry, we compared CSF T217 phosphorylation occupancy (pT217/T217) and amyloid beta (Aβ) 42/40 ratio in cognitively normal controls, and individuals with AD, Progressive Supranuclear Palsy (PSP), Corticobasal Syndrome (CBS), and sporadic and familial Frontotemporal Dementia (FTD). Method CSF Aβ, tau and phosphorylated tau (p‐tau) were measured using immunoprecipitation and quantitative mass spectrometry methods. Amyloid and tau Positron Emission Topography (PET) imaging were measured in a subset of participants and analyzed for correlation. Quadrant analyses were performed to assess amyloid and p‐tau positivity. Result We confirmed the strong association between CSF Aβ 42/40 and pT217 measures in most samples. Individuals with AD had high CSF pT217/T217 and low Aβ 42/40. In contrast, controls and the majority of patients with other tauopathies had low CSF pT217/T217 and normal Aβ 42/40. We identified a subgroup of individuals with increased CSF pT217/T217 and normal Aβ 42/40 ratio relative to controls. Most of these individuals were identified as MAPT R406W mutation carriers, a tau mutation leading to 3R+4R tauopathy similar to AD but without amyloid pathology. Diagnostic accuracies of CSF Aβ 42/40 alone, CSF pT217/T217 alone, and combination of both biomarkers were examined. We show that combination of both biomarkers can separate MAPT R406W carriers from control (AUC=0.960) and other tauopathies that are primarily 4R tauopathies (AUC=0.934). Conclusion We demonstrate the importance of measuring both CSF Aβ 42/40 and pT217/T217 to improve AD diagnosis and differentiate MAPT R406W mutation carriers. This supports that changes in CSF pT217/T217 ratio is not a specific biomarker for AD but reflects common downstream tau pathology in these two 3R+4R tauopathies.
Single-Site Cobalt Catalysts at New Zr<sub>8</sub>(μ<sub>2</sub>-O)<sub>8</sub>(μ<sub>2</sub>-OH)<sub>4</sub> Metal-Organic Framework Nodes for Highly Active Hydrogenation of Alkenes, Imines, Carbonyls, and Heterocycles (2016)

We report here the synthesis of robust and porous metal-organic frameworks (MOFs), M-MTBC (M = Zr or Hf), constructed from the tetrahedral linker methane-tetrakis(p-biphenylcarboxylate) (MTBC) and two types of secondary building units (SBUs): cubic M8(μ2-O)8(μ2-OH)4 and octahedral M6(μ3-O)4(μ3-OH)4. While the M6-SBU is isostructural with the 12-connected octahedral SBUs of UiO-type MOFs, the M8-SBU is composed of eight M(IV) ions in a cubic fashion linked by eight μ2-oxo and four μ2-OH groups. The metalation of Zr-MTBC SBUs with CoCl2, followed by treatment with NaBEt3H, afforded highly active and reusable solid Zr-MTBC-CoH catalysts for the hydrogenation of alkenes, imines, carbonyls, and heterocycles. Zr-MTBC-CoH was impressively tolerant of a range of functional groups and displayed high activity in the hydrogenation of tri- and tetra-substituted alkenes with TON > 8000 for the hydrogenation of 2,3-dimethyl-2-butene. Our structural and spectroscopic studies show that site isolation of and open environments around the cobalt-hydride catalytic species at Zr8-SBUs are responsible for high catalytic activity in the hydrogenation of a wide range of challenging substrates. MOFs thus provide a novel platform for discovering and studying new single-site base-metal solid catalysts with enormous potential for sustainable chemical synthesis.