gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Superconducting Magnetic Field Programmable Gate Array (2018)

Field-programmable gate arrays (FPGAs) provide a significantly cheaper solution for various applications in traditional semiconductor electronics. Single flux quantum (SFQ) technologies are developing rapidly and the availability of SFQ-specific FPGA will be very useful. Towards developing such an SFQ-specific FPGA, new designs of FPGA subcircuits for both synchronous and asynchronous operation of SFQ circuits are presented in this paper. Magnetic Josephson junctions (MJJs) are used as bias limiting junctions in energy-efficient rapid SFQ (ERSFQ) biasing to implement programmable switches in various subcircuits of the proposed FPGA fabric. Designs of all FPGA subcircuits are developed and are verified through circuit simulation. Verilog hardware description language (HDL) models are also developed for all FPGA circuit blocks to facilitate large-scale FPGA simulations for the implementation of the desired circuit on the proposed FPGA fabric. Designs of a few subcircuits with switches based on nondestructive readout cell are also given in the current paper for better comparison with MJJ switch based counterparts. Programming of MJJ-based switches is based on the ability to control the critical current of MJJs externally. Recent implementations of SFQ decoder is proposed for accessing individual MJJs through the current lines in a crossbar structure. Estimations for the area and power consumption are much better in comparison to previous attempts at designing an SFQ specific FPGA.
Lighting Deviation Correction for Integrating-Sphere Multispectral Imaging Systems (2019)

In an integrating sphere multispectral imaging system, measurement inconsistency can arise when acquiring the spectral reflectances of samples. This is because the lighting condition can be changed by the measured samples, due to the multiple light reflections inside the integrating sphere. Besides, owing to non-uniform light transmission of the lens and narrow-band filters, the measured reflectance is spatially dependent. To deal with these problems, we propose a correction method that consists of two stages. The first stage employs a white board to correct non-uniformity and a small white patch to correct lighting deviation, both under the assumption of ideal Lambertian reflection. The second stage uses a polynomial regression model to further remove the lighting inconsistency when measuring non-Lambertian samples. The method is evaluated on image data acquired in a real multispectral imaging system. Experimental results illustrate that our method eliminates the measurement inconsistency considerably. This consequently improves the spectral and colorimetric accuracy in color measurement, which is crucial to practical applications.
Parallel Turbo decoding (2004)

Turbo codes are one of the most powerful error correcting codes. The VLSI implementation of Turbo codes for higher decoding speed requires use of parallel architectures. This paper explores the design spaces of both serial and parallel MAP decoders using graphical analysis. Several existing designs are compared, and three new parallel decoding schemes are presented.
Stereoselective Synthesis of F-Ring Saturated Estrone-Derived Inhibitors of Hedgehog Signaling Based on Cyclopamine (2011)

Previous work in this laboratory established that the readily available F-ring aromatic analog of cyclopamine is a highly potent inhibitor of Hedgehog signaling. The synthesis and biological evaluation of two F-ring saturated analogs that are more potent than the F-ring aromatic structure are reported.
Characterization and localization of the TCL-1 oncogene product. (1994)

The TCL-1 gene maps at chromosome 14q32.1 and is activated in T cell leukemias and lymphomas by either chromosome translocations or inversions that juxtapose the TCL-1 gene to the alpha/delta or the beta locus of the T cell receptor. The open reading frame of the TCL-1 gene, coding for a protein of 114 amino acids, was expressed in bacteria and antisera were raised against it. The antibodies recognized the predicted TCL-1 M(r) 14,000 protein product in cells expressing TCL-1 mRNA. Cell fractionation experiments indicated that the TCL-1 protein is present in the microsomal fraction. These results were confirmed by confocal microscopy. The TCL-1 protein has considerable sequence similarities to the product of the MTCP-1 gene on chromosome Xq28, which is involved in T cell lympho-proliferative diseases. Thus, TCL-1 may represent a member of a novel family of genes involved in lymphoid proliferation and/or survival and in T cell malignancies.
E-mail signature block analysis (2002)

The signature block is a common structured component found in e-mail messages. Accurate identification and analysis of signature blocks are important in many multimedia messaging and information retrieval applications such as e-mail text-to-speech rendering. Traditional text analysis methods designed to deal with sequential text cannot handle 2D structures, while the highly unconstrained nature of signature blocks makes the application of 2D grammars very difficult. In this paper we describe an algorithm for signature block analysis which combines 2D structural segmentation with 1D grammatical constraints. The information obtained from both geometrical and linguistic analysis are integrated in a form of weighted finite state transducers, and the final solution is the optimal interpretation under both constraints.
Elastic optical networks: The global evolution to software configurable optical networks (2013)

Worldwide operator deployment of high-speed 100G coherent optical networks is currently underway. To ensure a competitive solution offering significant performance improvements to cope with the ever-increasing traffic demand, a novel network concept has been proposed for improved resource utilization based on “elasticity”; specifically, the ability to make a number of previously fixed transmission parameters tunable, for example optical data rate or channel spacing. The benefits are numerous, including increased network capacity, lower cost per bit, and improved energy efficiency and scalability. In this paper, we review the work carried out within the Cooperation for a Sustained European Leadership in Telecommunications (CELTIC) Elastic-Optical NETwork (EO-Net) project towards advancing the state of software-configurable optical networking. We identify the key building blocks for enabling elastic optical networks to provide desired performance improvements over static optical networks. We examine the design of elastic transponders capable of data rate adaptation, interfaces between client packet devices and transponders supporting flexible traffic aggregation, and associated algorithms for traffic grooming and routing. We also perform network cost/energy analyses. Finally, we review the experimental demonstration of such elastic functionalities.
Identification of binding proteins for cholesterol absorption inhibitors as components of the intestinal cholesterol transporter (2000)

To identify protein components of the intestinal cholesterol transporter, rabbit small intestinal brush border membrane vesicles were submitted to photoaffinity labeling using photoreactive derivatives of 2-azetidinone cholesterol absorption inhibitors. An integral membrane protein of M(r) 145.3+/-7.5 kDa was specifically labeled in brush border membrane vesicles from rabbit jejunum and ileum. Its labeling was concentration-dependently inhibited by the presence of cholesterol absorption inhibitors whereas bile acids, D-glucose, fatty acids or cephalexin had no effect. The inhibitory potency of 2-azetidinones to inhibit photolabeling of the 145 kDa protein correlated with their in vivo activity to inhibit intestinal cholesterol absorption. These results suggest that an integral membrane protein of M(r) 145 kDa is (a component of) the cholesterol absorption system in the brush border membrane of small intestinal enterocytes.
Continuously variable, wavelength-independent polarization rotator (2000)

Summary form only given. Different optical devices such as polarizers and retarders have been developed to induce light polarization changes. Polarizers and retardation plates are frequently used in combination to control laser intensity or polarization states for many different applications. For example, rotation of linear polarization can be achieved with a half-wave retardation plate. However, retardation plates are strongly dependent on radiation wavelength and have small acceptance angle. Here, we report the development of a continuously variable, wavelength-independent polarization rotator (CVWI-PR). We demonstrate that this new device can rotate the polarization of linearly polarized light by any desired angle, independent of the radiation wavelength and pulse width. Furthermore,this new optical device also has a very wide field of view. For a prototype device, the measured linear transmittance is 95% without antireflection coatings and the maximum extinction ratio with the device placed between two polarizers is 3/spl middot/10/sup -3/.
Efficient Lentiviral Vectors for Short Hairpin RNA Delivery into Human Cells (2003)

RNA interference is an evolutionarily conserved process of gene silencing that in plants serves as a natural defense mechanism against exogenous viral agents. RNA interference is becoming an important tool for the study of biological processes through reverse genetics and has potential for therapeutic applications in humans; however, effective delivery is still a major issue. Small interfering RNA (siRNA) and short hairpin RNA (shRNA) have been introduced into cells by transfection of chemically synthesized and RNA expression via plasmid cassettes utilizing RNA polymerase III transcription. The employment of siRNA/shRNA for gene knockout requires an efficient stable transfection or transduction process. Here, we report the successful construction of lentiviral vectors to express shRNA stably in human cells. We demonstrate that lentiviral vectors expressing siRNA directed to the reporter gene luciferase, when stably transduced into human cells without drug selection, are capable of protecting the cells from infection by a lentiviral vector encoding humanized firefly luciferase as a reporter gene. We observed 16- to 43-fold reduction of gene expression in infected cells transduced with shRNA vectors relative to cells transduced with control vectors. This model system demonstrates the utility of lentiviral vectors to stably express shRNA as both a cellular gene knockout tool and as a means to inhibit exogenous infectious agents such as viruses in human cells.
The Adaptive Gain Integrating Pixel Detector at the European XFEL (2018)

The Adaptive Gain Integrating Pixel Detector (AGIPD) is an X-ray imager, custom designed for the European X-ray Free-Electron Laser (XFEL). It is a fast, low-noise integrating detector, with an adaptive gain amplifier per pixel. This has an equivalent noise of less than 1 keV when detecting single photons and, when switched into another gain state, a dynamic range of more than 10$^4$ photons of 12 keV. In burst mode the system is able to store 352 images while running at up to 6.5 MHz, which is compatible with the 4.5 MHz frame rate at the European XFEL. The AGIPD system was installed and commissioned in August 2017, and successfully used for the first experiments at the Single Particles, Clusters and Biomolecules (SPB) experimental station at the European XFEL since September 2017. This paper describes the principal components and performance parameters of the system.
Estimating physiological skin parameters from hyperspectral signatures (2013)

We describe an approach for estimating human skin parameters, such as melanosome concentration, collagen concentration, oxygen saturation, and blood volume, using hyperspectral radiometric measurements (signatures) obtained from in vivo skin. We use a computational model based on Kubelka-Munk theory and the Fresnel equations. This model forward maps the skin parameters to a corresponding multiband reflectance spectra. Machine-learning-based regression is used to generate the inverse map, and hence estimate skin parameters from hyperspectral signatures. We test our methods using synthetic and in vivo skin signatures obtained in the visible through the short wave infrared domains from 24 patients of both genders and Caucasian, Asian, and African American ethnicities. Performance validation shows promising results: good agreement with the ground truth and well-established physiological precepts. These methods have potential use in the characterization of skin abnormalities and in minimally-invasive prescreening of malignant skin cancers.
Limitations imposed by specimen phase gradients on the design of grating based x-ray phase contrast imaging systems (2010)

X-ray phase contrast imaging is a very promising technique that may lead to significant advancements in a variety of fields, perhaps most notably, medical imaging. The radiation physics group at University College London is currently developing an x-ray phase contrast imaging technique that works with laboratory x-ray sources. This system essentially measures the degree to which photons are refracted by regions of an imaged object. The amount of refraction that may be expected to be encountered in practice impacts strongly upon the design of the imaging system. In this paper, we derive an approximate expression between the properties of archetypal imaged objects encountered in practice and the resulting distribution of refracted photons. This is used to derive constraints governing the design of the system.
VOLTAGE-CONTROLLED MAGNETIC ANISOTROPY IN SPINTRONIC DEVICES (2012)

Electric-field-control of magnetism can dramatically improve the energy efficiency of spintronic devices and enhance the performance of magnetic memories. More generally, it expands the range of applications of nonvolatile spintronic devices, by making them energetically competitive compared to conventional semiconductor solutions for logic and computation, thereby potentially enabling a new generation of ultralow-power nonvolatile spintronic systems. This paper reviews recent experiments on the voltage-controlled magnetic anisotropy (VCMA) effect in thin magnetic films, and their device implications. The interfacial perpendicular anisotropy in layered magnetic material stacks, as well as its modulation by voltage, are discussed. Ferromagnetic resonance experiments and VCMA-induced high-frequency magnetization dynamics are reviewed. Finally, we discuss recent progress on voltage-induced switching of magnetic tunnel junction devices and its potential applications to magnetic random access memory (MRAM).
Controlled Shape Memory Behavior of a Smectic Main-Chain Liquid Crystalline Elastomer (2015)

A smectic main-chain liquid crystalline elastomer (LCE), with controlled shape memory behavior, is synthesized by polymerizing a biphenyl-based epoxy monomer with an aliphatic carboxylic acid curing agent. Microstructures of the LCEs, including their liquid crystallinity and cross-linking density, are modified by adjusting the stoichiometric ratio of the reactants to tailor the thermomechanical properties and shape memory behavior of the material. Thermal and liquid crystalline properties of the LCEs, characterized using differential scanning calorimetry and dynamic mechanical analysis, and structural analysis, performed using small-angle and wide-angle X-ray scattering, show that liquid crystallinity, cross-linking density, and network rigidity are strongly affected by the stoichiometry of the curing reaction. With appropriate structural modifications it is possible to tune the thermal, dynamic mechanical, and thermomechanical properties as well as the shape memory and thermal degradation behavior of LCEs.
P‐143: Wide Viewing Liquid Crystal Display based on a Multi‐Patterned Electrode (2007)

Abstract We proposed the wide‐viewing‐angle liquid crystal display (WVALCD) of the patterned vertical alignment (PVA) mode by adopting differential geometry of the electrode pattern. Due to the patterned electrode structure, we can obtain 8‐domain LC alignment in a simple fabrication process while the conventional PVA mode has only 4‐domain structure. This multi‐patterned electrode technique enlarges the viewing angle of LCD about 12% compared to the conventional PVA mode.
Real-Time De-Interlacing for H.264-Coded HD Videos (2010)

It is very challenging to de-interlace high-definition videos in real time, as both good visual quality and low complexity should be fulfilled, which, however, are conflicting. To resolve the conflict, a syntax-based de-interlacer is proposed specially for H.264-coded videos, by which the values of the syntax elements (SE) in H.264 bitstreams, such as macroblock-type, intra-prediction modes, and motion vectors (MV), are used to detect edge and motion, estimate the MV, and select proper local de-interlacing algorithms accordingly. A verification mechanism is also proposed to make sure the referred SE values are reliable. The experimental results show that the proposed de-interlacer provides better visual quality than common ones and can de-interlace 1080 <i xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">i</i> sequences in real time on PCs.
Quantification of Plume Opacity by Digital Photography (2006)

The United States Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) developed Method 9 to describe how plume opacity can be quantified by humans. However, use of observations by humans introduces subjectivity, and is expensive due to semiannual certification requirements of the observers. The Digital Opacity Method (DOM) was developed to quantify plume opacity at lower cost, with improved objectivity, and to provide a digital record. Photographs of plumes were taken with a calibrated digital camera under specified conditions. Pixel values from those photographs were then interpreted to quantify the plume's opacity using a contrast model and a transmission model. The contrast model determines plume opacity based on pixel values that are related to the change in contrast between two backgrounds that are located behind and next to the plume. The transmission model determines the plume's opacity based on pixel values that are related to radiances from the plume and its background. DOM was field tested with a smoke generator. The individual and average opacity errors of DOM were within the USEPA Method 9 acceptable error limits for both field campaigns. Such results are encouraging and support the use of DOM as an alternative to Method 9.
Large scale production of advanced high current density thermionic cathodes (2017)

Large scale production of high current density thermionic cathodes based on nano-composite scandate tungsten technology is under development. When produced with high quality, this material offers an order of magnitude higher current density than what is currently available commercially. To address manufacturability of the high-performing material in quantities of over 100 kg per year, a quality controlled production process for nano-composite powder and sintered pellets has been initiated. Completion of this commercialization program will provide the vacuum electronics industry immediate access to high quality advanced cathode material that is evaluated by UC Davis and independently confirmed by L-3 Electron Devices, Teledyne MEC, CPI, SLAC, JPL, and Ceradyne, a 3M Company.
Bearing assembly and the like for use in corrosive and non-corrosive atmospheres. [for use in UF/sub 6/] (1976)

A novel machine element is described that is characterized by mutually rubbing surfaces which are composed of dissimilar materials having high hardness, a low coefficient of friction, and resistance to corrosion by halogen-containing atmospheres. As exemplified by the preferred embodiment for use in gaseous UF/sub 6/, the rubbing surfaces are chemically deposited nickel and anodized aluminum. These surfaces permit jam-free operation despite long-term exposure to UF/sub 6/. Preferably, both surfaces have a hardness of at least about 500 HV/sub 100/ on the Vicker's hardness scale, and preferably the anodized-aluminum surface is of a type having comparatively little tendency to sorb uranium hexafluoride.
DNA vaccine encoding the androgen receptor ligand binding domain elicits MHC class I restricted T-cell responses in vivo (2008)

2857 The androgen receptor (AR) is a steroid hormone receptor that plays a critical role in both androgen-dependent and -independent prostate cancer. In addition to its accepted role as a target in androgen-deprivation therapy, we’ve shown that the AR is also an immunological target antigen, identifying some prostate cancer patients that have concurrent antibody and cellular immune responses specific for the AR ligand-binding domain (LBD). Using in vitro primary human cell culture, we also found that some patients with prostate cancer have cytotoxic CD8+ T-cells specific for HLA-A2-restricted peptides derived from the AR LBD. In this report, we sought to determine whether these peptide-specific T-cell responses could be elicited or amplified in vivo through the use of vaccines. To conduct these studies, we utilized the HHDII transgenic mouse, a model that expresses the human HLA-A2 and HLA-DR1 molecules but not the endogenous murine MHC class I and II molecules, and a model in which the AR LBD is a self-antigen, identical in amino acid sequence to the human antigen. These mice were immunized with one of ten AR LBD HLA-A2 peptides, and were analyzed for the presence of peptide-specific immune responses. Immunization with at least 3/10 peptides was found to induce cytotoxic, peptide-specific T-cell responses. We then sought to determine whether a DNA vaccine, targeting the entire AR LBD, could be used to elicit these peptide-specific responses. This vaccine (pTVG-AR) was used to immunize HHDII mice, and was found to elicit or amplify peptide-specific immune responses against at least 5/10 identified AR LBD HLA-A2-restricted peptides without any demonstrable toxicity. These results show that not only can the AR LBD be safely targeted in vivo, but more significantly that vaccines targeting the AR LBD can be used to elicit or enhance HLA-A2 peptide-specific immune responses in vivo. This suggests that the AR LBD is a potentially attractive immunological target antigen, and that vaccines targeting the AR LBD in vivo may be a useful approach in developing immunotherapies to treat prostate cancer.
Benign Prostate-specific Antigen (BPSA) in Serum Is Increased in Benign Prostate Disease (2003)

BPSA is a significant percentage of the free PSA in BPH serum but not in control serum. The presence of prostate cancer does not alter the relative proportions of BPSA in sera with <10 micro g/L PSA. BPSA has a wide distribution of concentrations in the serum and may provide clinical information for the study of men with BPH.
ESD protection for deep-submicron CMOS technology using gate-couple CMOS-trigger lateral SCR structure (2002)

A novel ESD protection circuit, which first combines the advantages of complementary low-voltage-trigger SCR devices and the gate-couple technique, is proposed to more effectively protect the thinner gate oxide of deep submicron CMOS ICs without adding an extra ESD-implant mask. Experimental results have verified its excellent ESD-protection capability.