gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Serine and Threonine Phosphorylation of the Low Density Lipoprotein Receptor-related Protein by Protein Kinase Cα Regulates Endocytosis and Association with Adaptor Molecules (2004)

The low density lipoprotein receptor-related protein (LRP) is a large receptor that participates in endocytosis, signaling pathways, and phagocytosis of necrotic cells. Mechanisms that direct LRP to function in these distinct pathways likely involve its association with distinct cytoplasmic adaptor proteins. We tested the hypothesis that the association of various adaptor proteins with the LRP cytoplasmic domain is modulated by its phosphorylation state. Phosphoamino acid analysis of metabolically labeled LRP revealed that this receptor is phosphorylated at serine, threonine, and tyrosine residues within its cytoplasmic domain, whereas inhibitor studies identified protein kinase Calpha (PKCalpha) as a kinase capable of phosphorylating LRP. Mutational analysis identified critical threonine and serine residues within the LRP cytoplasmic domain that are necessary for phosphorylation mediated by PKCalpha. Mutating these threonine and serine residues to alanines generated a receptor that was not phosphorylated and that was internalized more rapidly than wild-type LRP, revealing that phosphorylation reduces the association of LRP with adaptor molecules of the endocytic machinery. In contrast, serine and threonine phosphorylation was necessary for the interaction of LRP with Shc, an adaptor protein that participates in signaling events. Furthermore, serine and threonine phosphorylation increased the interaction of LRP with other adaptor proteins such as Dab-1 and CED-6/GULP. These results indicate that phosphorylation of LRP by PKCalpha modulates the endocytic and signaling function of LRP by modifying its association with adaptor proteins.
Superconducting Mercury-Based Cuprate Films with a Zero-Resistance Transition Temperature of 124 Kelvin (1994)

The synthesis of high-quality films of the recently discovered mercury-based cuprate films with high transition temperatures has been plagued by problems such as the air sensitivity of the cuprate precursor and the volatility of Hg and HgO. These processing difficulties have been circumvented by a technique of atomic-scale mixing of the HgO and cuprate precursors, use of a protective cap layer, and annealing in an appropriate Hg and O(2) environment. With this procedure, a zero-resistance transition temperature as high as 124 kelvin in c axis-oriented epitaxial HgBa(2)CaCu(2)O(6+delta) films has been achieved.
Self-Diffusion Coefficients of Methane or Ethane Mixtures with Hydrocarbons at High Pressure by NMR (1996)

Self-diffusion coefficients have been measured in homogeneous mixtures of methane + hexane, ethane + hexane, methane + octane, ethane + octan, methane + decane, ethane + decane, and methane + hexane + benzene over the whole concentration range, at 303.2 K and 333.2 K and 30 MPa, 40 MPa, and 50 MPa. The experiments were performed in a glass cell by application of the NMR−PGSE technique. The estimated accuracy of the measurements is ±5%. Experimental self-diffusion coefficients were compared to the Sigmund correlation, which was found not to fit the experimental data.
Low-density lipoprotein analysis in microchip capillary electrophoresis systems (2002)

Due to the mounting evidence for altered lipoprotein and cholesterol-lipoprotein content in several disease states, there has been an increasing interest in analytical methods for lipoprotein profiling for diagnosis. The separation of low- and high-density lipoproteins (LDL and HDL, respectively) has been recently demonstrated using a microchip capillary electrophoresis (CE) system [1]. In contrast to this previous study, the present report demonstrates that LDL analysis can be performed in an uncoated glass microchannel. Moreover, by adding sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) to the sample at a concentration well below the critical micellar concentration prior to injection, the LDL peak undergoes a focusing effect and exhibits an apparent efficiency of 2.2 x 10(7) plates/m. Laser light scattering experiments demonstrate that the low concentration of SDS used does not significantly alter lipoprotein particle size distribution within the time course that the analysis is performed. It is thus hypothesized that SDS nondisruptively coats LDL particles. The peak sharpening effect, observed only when SDS is added solely to the sample, is probably due to a mobility gradient created between the sample and the running buffer. The chip-based method demonstrated here has the potential for rapid analysis and sensitive detection of different LDL forms of clinical relevance.
Evaluation of 10 methods to distinguish epidemic-associated Campylobacter strains (1991)

We compared four phenotypic and six genotypic methods for distinguishing Campylobacter jejuni strains from animals and humans involved in four epidemics. Based on a comparison with epidemiologic data, the methods that correctly identified all strains in three milkborne outbreaks and one waterborne outbreak were heat-stable and heat-labile serotyping; multilocus enzyme electrophoresis (MEE); DNA restriction endonuclease analysis with BglII, XhoI, PvuII, or PstI; and Southern blot and hybridization of PvuII- and PstI-digested DNA with Escherichia coli 16S and 23S rRNA (ribotyping). Biotyping, phage typing, plasmid analysis, and probing of BglII and XhoI DNA digests with C. jejuni 16S rRNA genes failed to correctly separate one or more strains. MEE, restriction endonuclease analysis, and ribotyping were the most sensitive methods and identified nine types among the 22 strains. These methods were also capable of further distinguishing strains within the same serotype. Data from MEE were also analyzed to calculate genetic relatedness among strains. Serotyping was the most discriminating phenotypic method, with eight and seven types distinguished by the heat-stable and heat-labile methods, respectively. MEE and ribotyping had several advantages over the other methods because they measure relatively stable and significant chromosomal differences and are applicable to other species and genera. These methods, however, are complex and not easily quantified; they are currently limited to specialized laboratories. When antisera are available, serotyping appears to be an effective and more practical approach to the identification of epidemic-related strains.
Wideband infrared trap detector based upon doped silicon photocurrent devices (2018)

We have designed, fabricated, and measured infrared trap detectors made from arsenic-doped silicon (Si:As) blocked impurity band (BIB) photodetectors. These trap detectors are composed of two detectors in a wedge geometry, with an entrance aperture diameter of either 1 or 3 mm. The detectors were calibrated for quantum efficiency against a pyroelectric reference detector using a Fourier transform spectral comparator system, and etalon effects and spatial uniformity of the traps were also quantified. Measurements of the traps at a temperature of 10 K show that nearly ideal external quantum efficiency (>90%) can be attained over much of the range from 4 to 24 μm, with significant responsivity from 2 to 30 μm. The traps exhibited maximum etalon oscillations of only 2%, which is about 10 times smaller amplitude than those of the single Si:As BIB detectors measured under similar conditions. Spatial nonuniformity across the entrance apertures of the traps was about 1%. The combination of high detectivity, wideband wavelength coverage, spectral flatness, and spatial uniformity make these trap detectors an excellent reference detector for spectrally resolved measurements and radiometric calibrations over the near- to far-infrared wavelength range.
The effect of 5α‐androstane‐3α, 17β‐diol and 17β‐estradiol on the adult and immature chacma baboon prostate (1985)

We have studied the Chacma baboon prostate in an attempt to develop a primate model of benign prostatic hyperplasia. Anatomically, the baboon prostate can be divided into caudal, cranial, and prostatic urethral segments. A peri-urethral group of glands has been identified in the prostatic urethra. Following treatment with either 5 alpha-androstane-3 alpha, 17 beta-diol or 17 beta-estradiol, or the hormones in combination, the mature baboon prostate showed very little response by gravimetric or morphometric analysis. In contrast, the stimulatory effect of 5 alpha-androstane-3 alpha, 17 beta-diol on the caudal lobe of the immature baboon prostate and the prostatic urethral segment (a structure that is largely fibromuscular) was potentiated by the addition of 17 beta-estradiol. The weight of the immature baboon cranial prostate was increased by 5 alpha-androstane-3 alpha, 17 beta-diol treatment, but 17 beta estradiol did not potentiate androgen-induced growth. By morphometric analysis it could be shown that both the epithelial and stromal component of the immature baboon caudal prostate responded to 5 alpha-androstane-3 alpha, 17 beta-diol (androstanediol) treatment and that the addition of 17 beta-estradiol had a slight, but significant, potentiating effect on the androstanediol-induced increase of epithelial volume.
Effect of Nd:YAG laser energy on articular cartilage healing in the dog (1989)

The effect of low dose neodymium:yttrium aluminum garnet (Nd:YAG) laser therapy on cartilage healing was studied. Partial- and full-thickness cartilage defects were surgically created in the femoral condyles of 20 adult dogs. The cartilage defects in one limb of each dog were exposed to 30 J of Nd:YAG laser energy. The dogs were euthanatized 1 week (n = 6), 1 month (n = 7), and 6 months (n = 7) after surgery. Plastic-embedded, undecalcified histologic sections of each cartilage defect were examined for evidence of cartilage healing. Special stains were used to determine the type of repair tissue present, and morphometric measurements of repair tissue were made. No effect of Nd:YAG laser therapy on cartilage healing was noted.
Foundations for low-loss fiber gradient-index lens pair coupling with the self-imaging mechanism (2003)

A fiber-optic collimator that emits a Gaussian beam with its beam waist at a certain distance after the exit face of the lens is labeled a self-imaging collimator. For such a collimator, the waist of the emitted Gaussian beam and its location are partly dependent on the properties of the gradient-index (GRIN) lens. Parameters for the self-imaging collimator are formulated in terms of the parameters of a GRIN lens (e.g., pitch, core refractive index, gradient index, length) and the optical wavelength. Next, by use of the Gaussian beam approximation, a general expression for the coupling power loss between two self-imaging-type single-mode fiber (SMF) collimators is, for the first time to our knowledge, derived as a function of three types of misalignment, namely, separation, lateral offset, and angular tilt misalignment. A coupling experiment between two self-imaging collimators with changing separation distance is successfully performed and matches the proposed self-imaging mechanism coupling loss theory. In addition, using a prism, lateral offset, as well as angular tilt, misalignments are experimentally simulated for a two self-imaging collimator coupling condition by a single collimator reflective test geometry. Experimental results agree well with the proposed loss formulas for self-imaging GRIN lenses. Hence, for the first time to our knowledge, the mathematical foundations are laid for employing self-imaging-type fiber collimators in SMF-based free-space systems allowing optimal design for ultra-low-loss coupling.
Formation of Nanoporous Polycarbonate Surfaces and Their Chemical Modification for Superhydrophobicity (2012)

E-mail: yhahn@dankook.ac.krReceived July 30, 2012, Accepted September 4, 2012Key Words : Superhydrophobic surfaces, Polycarbonate, Nanostructures, Microstructures, Porous structurePolycarbonates (PCs) are a particular group of thermo-plastic polymers that contain carbonate groups (-O-CO-O-).PCs are nontoxic and temperature resistant with highmechanical strength, low water absorption, and good opticalproperties, including transparency. However, they easily dis-solve in organic solvents (i.e., dichloromethane or toluene).Nevertheless, PC is a very attractive material for a widerange of applications in housewares, CDs and DVDs, elec-tronic equipments, and machine parts.
Binding of Glycoprotein 120 and Peptides from the HIV-1 Envelope by Autoantibodies in Mice with Experimentally Induced Systemic Lupus Erythematosus and in Patients with the Disease (1994)

Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and infection with the human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV) are diseases that are characterized by immune dysregulation and autoantibody production. In this article we identify and characterize IgG antibodies from mice with SLE and SLE patients that bind HIV gp120 and HIV envelope-derived peptides. SLE can be induced in susceptible mouse strains by immunization with a human monoclonal anti-DNA antibody that bears a common idiotype designated 16/6 Id. We tested sera from various strains of mice in which experimental SLE was induced by this method, as well as from 93 patients with SLE and 31 controls (17 healthy controls, 14 patients with other autoimmune diseases) for the presence of antibodies reactive to gp120 by an ELISA. Antibodies reactive with gp120 were produced by BALB/c, C3H.SW, AKR, and DBA/2 mice, all of which were 16/6 Id immunized and had experimental SLE. C57BL/6 mice, which are resistant to induction of SLE by this method, did not produce antibodies reactive with gp120 despite 16/6 immunization. Forty-three percent of SLE patients made antibodies that bound to gp120 at titers greater than 1:40, whereas 12% of healthy control sera (p < or = 0.02) and 14% of patients with other autoimmune diseases contained such antibodies (p < or = 0.05). We delineated the specificity of this antibody activity by testing for reactivity to six HIV envelope peptides. In both mice and SLE patients, sera reactive with gp120 recognized the same three envelope peptides. Removal of the anti-DNA antibodies from the sera by DNA-agarose affinity purification did not change anti-gp120 specificity.
Robust multipath multicast routing algorithms for videos in Software-Defined Networks (2014)

IP multicast dictates high-end routers and incurs high administrative overhead, which prevent them from being deployed in many video streaming scenarios. In this paper, we study the problem of computing the multipath multicast routes for streaming videos in Software-Defined Networks (SDNs), which adopt less expensive switches and reduce administrative overhead for lower CAPEX/OPEX. The objectives of the considered problem are robustness, load balance, SDN compatibility, and adaptiveness. We formulate this routing problem into a mathematical optimization problem, and propose two algorithms to address this problem. We implement the proposed algorithms on a popular OpenFlow controller to demonstrate its practicality, and we conduct extensive experiments to evaluate the proposed algorithms. The experiment results clearly show the merits of our algorithms over the IP multicast, e.g., we observe: (i) frame loss rate reduction between 19% and 95%, (ii) video quality improvement between 4 dB and 15 dB, (iii) sink throughput increase between 25% and 66%, and (iv) maximal link utilization reduction between 15% and 50%. We also show the tradeoff between optimality and run time of the two proposed algorithms: one of them is more suitable for smaller and more static networks, and the other one is more suitable for larger and more dynamic networks.
Recombinant human insulin‐like growth factor 1 (rh‐IGF‐1) stimulates erythropoiesis in adult, but not in newborn mice (1994)

The in vivo effect of recombinant human insulin-like growth factor (rh-IGF-1) upon erythropoiesis was studied in inbred BALB/C mice. Unweaned, rapidly growing 20 days old mice and adult female mice received subcutaneous rh-IGF-1 or control injections every 6 h for 48 h. The mice were killed either 12 or 48 h after the last injection, i.e. a study time of 60 and 96 h, respectively. Bone marrow erythroid colony forming units (CFU-E), reticulocytes, haematocrit, serum immunoreactive erythropoietin (siEPO) and body and organ weight were measured. An additional group of young mice were given iron prior to the rh-IGF-1 injections to ensure sufficient available iron. No differences in overall body or organ weights were observed. In the young mice erythropoiesis as measured by bone marrow CFU-E, reticulocytes and haematocrit did not differ between rh-IGF-1 group and controls. When iron alone was given, reticulocytes (P < 0.05) and haematocrit (P < 0.0001) increased significantly, but no further stimulation was seen when rh-IGF-1 injections were given in addition to iron. The adult female mice responded with significantly increased erythropoiesis as judged by increased reticulocyte counts following rh-IGF-1 injections (P < 0.001). No significant effect upon CFU-E and haematocrit was detected. The reticulocyte response was more pronounced at 96 than at 60 h after the first rh-IGF-1 injection. SiEPO was significantly (P < 0.01) lower in the adult 96 h rh-IGF-1 group than in the appropriate control group. In conclusion parenteral iron significantly increased haematocrit in unweaned mice. Short time rh-IGF-1 treatment did not stimulate erythropoiesis in these rapidly growing mice, whether or not iron supplementation had been given.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Alternatives to rifampicin: A review and perspectives on the choice of strong <scp>CYP3A</scp> inducers for clinical drug–drug interaction studies (2022)

N-Nitrosamine (NA) impurities are considered genotoxic and have gained attention due to the recall of several marketed drug products associated with higher-than-permitted limits of these impurities. Rifampicin is an index inducer of multiple cytochrome P450s (CYPs) including CYP2B6, 2C8, 2C9, 2C19, and 3A4/5 and an inhibitor of OATP1B transporters (single dose). Hence, rifampicin is used extensively in clinical studies to assess drug-drug interactions (DDIs). Despite NA impurities being reported in rifampicin and rifapentine above the acceptable limits, these critical anti-infective drugs are available for therapeutic use considering their benefit-risk profile. Reports of NA impurities in rifampicin products have created uncertainty around using rifampicin in clinical DDI studies, especially in healthy volunteers. Hence, a systematic investigation through a literature search was performed to determine possible alternative index inducer(s) to rifampicin. The available strong CYP3A inducers were selected from the University of Washington DDI Database and their in vivo DDI potential assessed using the data from clinical DDI studies with sensitive CYP3A substrates. To propose potential alternative CYP3A inducers, factors including lack of genotoxic potential, adequate safety, feasibility of multiple dose administration to healthy volunteers, and robust in vivo evidence of induction of CYP3A were considered. Based on the qualifying criteria, carbamazepine, phenytoin, and lumacaftor were identified to be the most promising alternatives to rifampicin for conducting CYP3A induction DDI studies. Strengths and limitations of the proposed alternative CYP3A inducers, the magnitude of in vivo CYP3A induction, appropriate study designs for each alternative inducer, and future perspectives are presented in this paper.
Failure in the COG Joint Using Non-Conductive Adhesive and Polymer Bumps (2007)

We studied a bonding at low temperature using polymer bump and Non-Conductive Adhesive (NCA), and studied the reliability of the polymer bump/Al pad joints. The polymer bumps were formed on oxidized Si substrates by photolithography process, and the thin film metals were formed on the polymer bumps using DC magnetron sputtering. The substrate used was AL metallized glass. The polymer bump and Al metallized glass substrates were joined together at under various pressure. Two NCAs were applied during joining. Thermal cycling test (, cycle/30 min) was carried out up to 2000 cycles to evaluate the reliability of the joints. The bondability was evaluated by measuring the contact resistance of the joints through the four point probe method, and the joints were observed by Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM). The contact resistance of the joints was before the reliability test. The joints of the polymer bump/Al pad were damaged by NCA filler particles under pressure above 200 MPa. After reliability test, some joints were electrically failed since thinner metal layers deposited at the edge of bumps were disconnected.
Global talent management : the law of the few (2009)

Despite more than a decade of hype around the concept of talent management, we still have relatively limited knowledge regarding its application in practice, particularly in the international context. Developing on Malcolm Gladwell&apos;s influential book The Tipping Point, and in particular his concept of the &apos;law of the few&apos;, we argue that it is a few key individuals positioned in pivotal roles which make the critical difference in terms of differentiated organizational performance. Drawing insights from the social capital, global leadership and global mindset literatures, this paper will be useful to both academics and practitioners in helping to conceptualize the important issues around talent management in an organizational context. (original abstract)
A real-time noise suppression filter for speech enhancement and robust channel vocoding (2005)

A real time implementation of a system for enhancement of speech in additive acoustic noise is described. The technique used is to perform a spectral decomposition of noisy speech via channel vocoder filter bank analysis and to attenuate each spectral component depending on how much the measured speech plus noise power exceeds an estimate of the background noise. A two state model for the speech event (speech absent or speech present) is applied in determining the maximum likelihood estimator of the speech power. This model has resulted in a new class of suppression curves which permits a tradeoff of noise suppression against speech distortion. Experiments utilizing the real time implementation have shown that the noise can be made imperceptible by proper choice of the suppression factor. Integration of the noise suppression filter into the analysis section of a narrowband vocoder is described. This combined system represents an integrated robust vocoder structure where acoustic noise can be suppressed prior to pitch estimation and determination of the modulator gains.
Use of a Flow Cytometric Assay to Quantitate Apoptosis in Human Lymphocytes (1994)

Apoptosis is an active process of cellular self-destruction which plays an important physiologic role in the maintenance of homeostasis. This form of cell death has classically been assessed by the appearance of a "ladder-like" banding pattern upon gel electrophoresis of disrupted cells. The electrophoretic method is qualitative but offers no means of quantitation. We have optimized a flow cytometric method which allows quantitation of the apoptotic subset of cells. This assay uses propidium iodide and therefore can be performed on any flow cytometer with a blue-green excitation line. We initially verified the results of this method by using human thymocytes treated with dexamethasone, a known inducer of apoptosis. Gels were run simultaneously with flow cytometric analysis and assessed for the presence or the absence of apoptotic cells. Results obtained with gel electrophoresis correlated well with the flow cytometric method. In further studies, we applied this assay to human PBMC and obtained similar results. In conclusion, this assay is a significant improvement over currently available methodology for the determination of apoptosis. We have found it to be quantitative, reproducible, and applicable to different human cell types. The role of apoptosis in human disease remains to be elucidated and this method offers a convenient means to study this process.