gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Optical full-duplex transmission with diode laser amplifiers (1991)

Error-free, simultaneous bidirectional optical transmission at 50 Mb/s over 5.5 km of fiber using only a single antireflection coated Fabry-Perot laser transmitter/detector at each end is demonstrated. A baseband digital signal is transmitted in one direction, while a digitally modulated subcarrier signal is transmitted in the opposite direction. At the 1.5- mu m operating wavelength, the system length is dispersion limited due to the wide spectral widths of the signals. Therefore, it is expected that a system operating at the 1.3- mu m low-dispersion window will show an improved capacity. The additional device capability of optical gain makes this scheme attractive in multiport-full-duplex applications.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
METABOLIC CHANNELING IN PLANTS (2004)

The organization of cooperating enzymes into macromolecular complexes is a central feature of cellular metabolism. A major advantage of such spatial organization is the transfer of biosynthetic intermediates between catalytic sites without diffusion into the bulk phase of the cell. This so-called "metabolic channeling" offers unique opportunities for enhancing and regulating cellular biochemistry. Studies in a number of plant primary and secondary metabolic systems continue to contribute to our understanding of the nature and importance of this phenomenon. This article reviews advances in four systems: the cysteine synthase complex, the Calvin cycle, cyanogenic glucoside biosynthesis, and the phenylpropanoid pathway. Each of these systems is providing new evidence for the importance of enzyme organization in cellular biochemistry as well as exclusive insights into the molecular basis of enzyme complex assembly. This review also explores current prospects for understanding metabolon structure, assembly, and biological function.
[Genetic relationships of Nyctereutes procyonopides: as inferred from random amplified polymorphic DNA analysis]. (1998)

Random amplified polymorphic DNAs (RAPDs) were used to investigate genetic relationships of eight raccoon dogs (Nyctereutes procyonopides). Using 28 arbitrary primers (10 bp), about 130 RAPD markers were observed in each individual. The average, maximum, and minimum genetic distance among 8 raccoon dogs are 11.20%, 14.93%, and 2.94% respectively. Our molecular phylogenetic trees constructed by UPGMA and NJ methods suggest that those 8 Chinese raccoon dogs may be divided into 4 clusters: (1) Guangxi raccoon dog, (2) Anhui raccoon dog, (3) Shaanxi raccoon dog, (4) Yunnan and Vietnam raccoon dog. Guangxi raccoon dog is more closely related to Anhui raccoon dog than to Yunnan-Vietnam raccoon dog. If the Yunnan-Vietnam cluster is a valid subspecies, it is reasonable to give the Guangxi, Anhui and Shaanxi clusters the same classification status as that of the Yunnan-Vietnam Cluster.
Diagnostic Accuracy of Quantitative Micro-Elastography for Margin Assessment in Breast-Conserving Surgery (2020)

Inadequate margins in breast-conserving surgery (BCS) are associated with an increased likelihood of local recurrence of breast cancer. Currently, approximately 20% of BCS patients require repeat surgery due to inadequate margins at the initial operation. Implementation of an accurate, intraoperative margin assessment tool may reduce this re-excision rate. This study determined, for the first time, the diagnostic accuracy of quantitative micro-elastography (QME), an optical coherence tomography (OCT)-based elastography technique that produces images of tissue microscale elasticity, for detecting tumor within 1 mm of the margins of BCS specimens. Simultaneous OCT and QME were performed on the margins of intact, freshly excised specimens from 83 patients undergoing BCS and on dissected specimens from 7 patients undergoing mastectomy. The resulting three-dimensional images (45 × 45 × 1 mm) were coregistered with postoperative histology to determine tissue types present in each scan. Data from 12 BCS patients and the 7 mastectomy patients served to build a set of images for reader training. One hundred and fifty-four subimages (10 × 10 × 1 mm) from the remaining 71 BCS patients were included in a blinded reader study, which resulted in 69.0% sensitivity and 79.0% specificity using OCT images, versus 92.9% sensitivity and 96.4% specificity using elasticity images. The quantitative nature of QME also facilitated development of an automated reader, which resulted in 100.0% sensitivity and 97.7% specificity. These results demonstrate high accuracy of QME for detecting tumor within 1 mm of the margin and the potential for this technique to improve outcomes in BCS. SIGNIFICANCE: An optical imaging technology probes breast tissue elasticity to provide accurate assessment of tumor margin involvement in breast-conserving surgery.
Arterial structure and function in end-stage renal disease (2002)

Cardiovascular disease is a major cause of morbidity and mortality in patients with end-stage renal disease (ESRD). Macrovascular disease develops rapidly in ESRD patients and is responsible for the high incidence of left ventricular hypertrophy, ischemic heart disease, cerebrovascular accidents, and peripheral artery diseases. Occlusive lesions due to atheromatous plaques frequently cause these complications; however, atherosclerosis represents only one form of structural response to metabolic and hemodynamic alterations interfering with the “natural” process of aging. The spectrum of arterial alterations in ESRD is broader, including large artery remodeling, changes in viscoelastic properties, and stiffening of arterial walls. Nonatheromatous remodeling principally changes the dampening function of arteries, characterized by stiffening of arterial walls and with deleterious effects on the left ventricle and coronary perfusion. The origin of arterial stiffening in ESRD patients is multifactorial, with extensive arterial calcifications as an important covariate.
Roll Forming Handbook (2005)

Roll forming is one of the most widely used processes in the world for forming metals. Most of the existing knowledge resides in various journal articles or in the minds of those who have learned from experience. Providing a vehicle to systematically collect and share this important knowledge, the Roll Forming Handbook presents the first comprehens
High-resolution time of-flight mass spectrometers. Part II. Cross beam ion optics (1990)

Injecting neutral species at right angles to the direction of acceleration and using quadrupole ion optics allows for highest resolution and good sensitivity in time-of-flight mass spectrometers. We have designed such ion optics using a finite element field calculation. Imaging and timing errors have been compensated. With an acceleration voltage of 6.5 kV it accepts neutral species having energies up to 500 eV.
Tailoring the Mechanics of Ultrathin Carbon Nanomembranes by Molecular Design (2014)

Freestanding carbon nanomembranes (CNMs) with a thickness between 0.6 and 1.7 nm were prepared from self-assembled monolayers (SAMs) of diverse polyaromatic precursors via low-energy electron-induced cross-linking. The mechanical properties of CNMs were investigated using AFM bulge test, where a pressure difference was applied to the membrane and the resulting deflection was measured by atomic force microscopy. We found a correlation between the rigidity of the precursor molecules and the macroscopic mechanical stiffness of CNMs. While CNMs from rigid and condensed precursors like naphthalene and pyrene thiols prove to exhibit higher Young's moduli of 15-19 GPa, CNMs from nonfused oligophenyls possess lower Young's moduli of ~10 GPa. For CNMs from less densely packed SAMs, the presence of defects and nanopores plays an important role in determining their mechanical properties. The finite element method (FEM) was applied to examine the deformation profiles and simulate the pressure-deflection relationships.
Towards unifying fault and change management (2002)

A basic model for dynamic change management is proposed which permits changes to be specified declaratively at the configuration level in terms of structure only. Component nodes can be created and deleted and interconnections made and broken. Rules are provided which permit configuration management to identify the affected part of the system and to generate the required operational changes. These operations change the state of the selected component nodes to that suitable for reconfiguration, perform the particular structural changes, and provide the sequencing of the actions. A node responds by performing node-level actions to maintain local and intermode consistency. This model also provides a sound basis for the management of faults where failure of a component node is modeled as arbitrary deletion. The first steps toward unifying the management of dynamic change and fault recovery are described.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Claramines: A New Class Of Broad‐Spectrum Antimicrobial Agents With Bimodal Activity (2018)

The emergence of multidrug-resistant bacteria and pathogens has created an urgent need for the development of new antibiotics. Herein we report our investigations into the broad-spectrum activity of an easily prepared water-soluble polyaminosterol compound, namely claramine A1, against both drug-sensitive and drug-resistant Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacterial strains. We also report its peculiar mechanism of action, which differs from that of all the other well-known classes of antibiotics, toward Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria. Given their low cytotoxicity, this class of compounds based on claramine A1 could constitute an effective response to combat the emergence of multidrug-resistant bacteria and nosocomial diseases.
A colourimetric calix[4]pyrrole–4-nitrophenolate based anion sensor† (1999)

The intense yellow colour of the 4-nitrophenolate anion 2, in MeCN or CH2Cl2 solution, dissipates upon complex formation with meso-octamethylcalix[4]pyrrole 1; the complex may be used as a colourimetric sensor for halide anions, such as fluoride, that displace the phenolate anion thereby restoring the yellow colour, characteristic of free 4-nitrophenolate anion, to solutions containing 1, 2 and the anion in question.
Dermatologic disorders in dogs with diabetes mellitus: 45 cases (1986–2000) (2001)

Bacterial and yeast-induced dermatitis and otitis develop in dogs with DM. Many diabetic dogs with dermatologic problems have a preexisting allergic condition, history of prior corticosteroid administration, or concurrent endocrinopathy that may be a more likely cause of dermatologic problems than DM alone.
A Practical Approach to the Design of High Speed Self-Synchronizing Stream Ciphers (1992)

An engineering oriented approach for the design of self-synchronizing stream ciphers is given. To show that it is useful in practice, an actual design is presented and motivated. This SSSC is claimed to be fast (gate delay 2 XORs), cryptographically secure and easily implementable in hardware (standard cells).
Expression of a protective intestinal immune response can be inhibited at three distinct sites by treatment with anti-<i>alpha</i> 4 integrin. (1993)

The alpha 4 integrins mediate lymphocyte adhesion to Peyer's patch high endothelial vessels and homing to Peyer's patch, as well as to mesenteric lymph nodes. In rats, immunity to infection with the nematode Trichinella spiralis is known to be mediated by CD4+ OX22- (CD45RC-) cells that home to the intestine in large numbers. These experiments were conducted to determine whether the alpha 4 integrins or LFA-1 were involved in the expression of intestinal immunity to T. spiralis. Injection of the anti-alpha 4 integrin, mAb TA-2, but not anti-LFA-1, mAb TA-3, impaired the expression of immunity. An effect of TA-2 was measured at three distinct sites along the activation pathway leading to the migration of protective CD4+ OX22- cells to the intestine. Injection of TA-2 on the same day as infection prevented normal rejection of the parasite and abrogated the characteristic appearance of blast cells in draining lymph 3 days after infection. A similar effect on the migration of blast cells at day 3 was seen when TA-2 was injected 1 day after infection, and injection 2 days after infection still reduced the number of protective cells entering TD lymph on day 3. The effect of TA-2 and TA-3 on homing of dividing cells to the gut was examined by injecting dividing cells i.v. at the same time as antibody. Under these conditions migration of dividing cells to the gut was reduced by 90 to 95% and their capacity to adoptively transfer worm rejection blocked. Furthermore, TA-2 treatment also inhibited protection when it was injected 12, 18, or 24 h after the transfer of protective cells, when these cells had already entered the gut, but not when TA-2 injection was delayed for 36 h. These results indicate the involvement of alpha 4 integrins at the following points in the generation, dissemination, and function of CD4+ OX22- effectors: 1) initial activation during the first 48 h of infection; 2) migration of protective cells to and extravasation in the gut; 3) a function after entry into gut tissues. The results suggest that entry of dividing cells into the gut is critical for the adoptive transfer of protection and that alpha 4 integrin has multiple roles in the manifestation of intestinal immunity.
Fundamentals of Liquid Phase Sintering During Selective Laser Sintering (2018)

One of the advantages of the Selective Laser Sintering (SLS) process is that a variety of materials\ncan be processed. However, the goal of being able to produce fully dense metal parts with no post\nprocessing has been elusive. Using Selective Laser Sintering to produce metal parts with full\ndensity without post processing poses a challenge since both the processing conditions and the\nmetal system must be controlled. This article describes two metallurgical mechanisms by which\nloose metal powder beds could be sintered to nearly full density using a scanning laser beam. The\nmechanisms are particle rearrangement during liquid phase sintering (LPS) and in-situ infiltration.\nSome of the particles, when heated by the laser radiation, melt and form a liquid. Ifthis liquid has\ncertain physical properties (e.g., low viscosity and high surface tension) and wets the other solid\nparticles, then the SLS process can in theory produce dense layers by either mechanism. The\npurpose of this study is to determine the process and material selection parameters required to\nachieve fully dense parts during direct Selective Laser Sintering of metal.
Efficient optical bistable device based on self-focusing (1989)

Get PDF Email Share Share with Facebook Tweet This Post on reddit Share with LinkedIn Add to CiteULike Add to Mendeley Add to BibSonomy Get Citation Copy Citation Text N. P. Walker and M. A. Fiddy, "Efficient optical bistable device based on self-focusing," Appl. Opt. 28, 201-202 (1989) Export Citation BibTex Endnote (RIS) HTML Plain Text Citation alert Save article
G‐protein coupled receptor kinases as modulators of G‐protein signalling (1999)

G-protein coupled receptors (GPCRs) comprise one of the largest classes of signalling molecules. A wide diversity of activating ligands induce the active conformation of GPCRs and lead to signalling via heterotrimeric G-proteins and downstream effectors. In addition, a complex series of reactions participate in the 'turn-off' of GPCRs in both physiological and pharmacological settings. Some key players in the inactivation or 'desensitization' of GPCRs have been identified, whereas others remain the target of ongoing studies. G-protein coupled receptor kinases (GRKs) specifically phosphorylate activated GPCRs and initiate homologous desensitization. Uncoupling proteins, such as members of the arrestin family, bind to the phosphorylated and activated GPCRs and cause desensitization by precluding further interactions of the GPCRs and G-proteins. Adaptor proteins, including arrestins, and endocytic machinery participate in the internalization of GPCRs away from their normal signalling milieu. In this review we discuss the roles of these regulatory molecules as modulators of GPCR signalling.
Associations of Leaf Spectra with Genetic and Phylogenetic Variation in Oaks: Prospects for Remote Detection of Biodiversity (2016)

Species and phylogenetic lineages have evolved to differ in the way that they acquire and deploy resources, with consequences for their physiological, chemical and structural attributes, many of which can be detected using spectral reflectance form leaves. Recent technological advances for assessing optical properties of plants offer opportunities to detect functional traits of organisms and differentiate levels of biological organization across the tree of life. Here, we connect leaf-level full range spectral data (400–2400 nm) of leaves to the hierarchical organization of plant diversity within the oak genus (Quercus) using field and greenhouse experiments in which environmental factors and plant age are controlled. We show that spectral data significantly differentiate populations within a species and that spectral similarity is significantly associated with phylogenetic similarity among species. We further show that hyperspectral information allows more accurate classification of taxa than spectrally-derived traits, which by definition are of lower dimensionality. Finally, model accuracy increases at higher levels in the hierarchical organization of plant diversity, such that we are able to better distinguish clades than species or populations. This pattern supports an evolutionary explanation for the degree of optical differentiation among plants and demonstrates potential for remote detection of genetic and phylogenetic diversity.
IL-1 Blockade Reduces Inflammation in Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension and Right Ventricular Failure: A Single-Arm, Open-Label, Phase IB/II Pilot Study (2018)

Over time, patients with longstanding pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) experience pressure overload in the right ventricle (RV), leading to reduced contractile force and chamber dilation.Present strategies to treat PAH consist of pulmonary arterial vasodilators by way of the prostacyclin, endothelin, or nitric oxide pathways.It is now appreciated that maladaptive inflammatory signaling is a key contributor to the development of obliterative pulmonary arteriolar lesions and RV failure in PAH (1, 2), and that IL-1 and IL-6 levels correlate with the degree of RV failure (3).With experimental animal data suggesting anakinra (recombinant IL-1 receptor antagonist) protects against development of PAH (4), we designed a single-group, open-label phase IB/II pilot study (clinicaltrials.govidentifier: NCT03057028) to evaluate the feasibility and safety of treatment with anakinra as add-on therapy to standard of care in patients with stable PAH and RV failure.In addition to the preclinical data, anakinra was chosen on the basis of multiple favorable clinical trials in left-sided systolic dysfunction by our group (5, 6).Here we report the findings from our pilot study.From October 2017 to May 2018, patients at the Virginia Commonwealth University treated for pulmonary hypertension were screened for eligibility.Inclusion criteria included group 1 PAH ( 7) (not associated with connective tissue disease, human immunodeficiency virus, portal hypertension, or schistosomiasis), age .18years, and symptomatic RV failure (objective findings of RV dysfunction by echocardiography [RV diastolic diameter .4.3 cm, fractional area change ,35%, or tricuspid annular plane systolic excursion <1.5 cm] with New York Heart Association class II or III heart failure symptoms) despite optimal PAH therapy.Exclusion criteria included autoimmune/autoinflammatory diseases, anti-inflammatory medications, recent malignancy or infection, and severe renal dysfunction.Of the 39 patients who met inclusion criteria, 10 were excluded (chronic inflammatory disorders [n = 4], infection [n = 1], severe renal dysfunction [n = 2], non-English speaking [n = 1], unable to consent [n = 1], pregnant [n = 1]). Sixteen patients were approached for the study: 6 declined to participate, and 10 agreed to enroll, which was the sample size chosen to gather preliminary data.However, scheduling conflicts prevented two patients from completing
Hybrid silicon photonics flip-chip laser integration with vertical self-alignment (2017)

We present a flip-chip integration process in which the vertical alignment is guaranteed by a mechanical contact between pedestals defined in a recess etched into a silicon photonics chip and a laser or semiconductor optical amplifier. By selectively etching up to the active region of the III-V materials, we can make the accuracy of vertical alignment independent on the process control applied to layer thicknesses during silicon photonics or III-V chip fabrication, enabling alignment tolerances below ±10 nm in the vertical (Z-)direction.
VJFET Based All-SiC Normally-Off Cascode Switch for High Temperature Power Handling Applications (2009)

High-voltage vertical-junction-field-effect-transistors (VJFETs) are typically designed normally-on to ensure low-resistance voltage-control operation at high current-gain. To exploit the high-voltage/temperature capabilities of VJFETs in a normally-off voltage-controlled switch, high-voltage normally-on and low-voltage normally-off VJFETs were connected in the cascode configuration. The cascode gate’s threshold voltage decreases from 2.5 V to 2 V as the temperature increases from 25°C to 225°C, while its breakdown voltage increases from -23 V to -19 V. At 300°C, the drain current of the cascode switch is 21.4% of its 25°C value, which agrees well with the reduction of the 4H-SiC electron mobility with temperature. The VJFET based all-SiC cascode switch is normally-off at 300°C, with its threshold voltage shifting from 1.6 V to 0.9 V as the temperature increases from 25°C to 300°C. This agrees well with the measured reduction in VJFET built-in potential. Finally, the reduction in cascode transconductance with temperature follows that of the theoretical 4H-SiC electron mobility. Overall, the measured thermally-induced cascode parameter shifts are in excellent agreement with theory, which signifies fabrication of robust SiC VJFETs for power switching applications.
Evaluation of kV Cone-Beam CT Performance for Prostate IGRT (2010)

CBCT with soft-tissue-based automatic corrections is not an accurate alignment compared with manual alignment to fiducial markers for prostate IGRT. We have concluded that a daily manual alignment to fiducials is one of the most reliable methods to maintain accuracy in prostate IGRT.
Polyesters (2000)

Abstract The article contains sections titled: 1. Introduction 2. Polyesters as Intermediates for Polyurethanes 2.1. Raw Materials 2.2. Production 2.2.1. General Information 2.2.2. Industrial Production 2.3. Quality Specifications and Testing 2.4. Properties 2.5. Storage and Transportation 2.6. Uses and Economic Aspects 3. Thermoplastic Polyesters 3.1. Raw Materials 3.2. Production 3.2.1. General Principles 3.2.2. Production of Poly(Ethylene Terephthalate) from Dimethyl Terephthalate 3.2.3. Production of Poly(Ethylene Terephthalate) from Terephthalic Acid 3.2.4. Production of Poly(Butylene Terephthalate) 3.2.5. Production of Other Partially Aromatic Polyesters 3.2.6. Production of Fully Aromatic, Liquid Crystalline Polyesters 3.3. Analysis 3.4. Co‐Components and Additives 3.5. Properties 3.6. Uses 3.7. Toxicology 3.8. Economic Aspects 3.9. Recycling
High-temperature electron and hole mobility in CdTe (2002)

We have developed a novel technology for forming high-temperature stable ohmic contacts on CdTe, and we have measured the Hall mobilities of electrons at temperatures between 300-1300 K and holes between 225-600 K.The temperature interval also covers the region 300-600 K, where no data have yet been presented.The measured mobilities agree very well with theoretical calculations.