gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Non-equilibrium dynamics in superconducting tunnel junction detectors (1994)

Superconducting tunnel junctions have the potential to serve as high-resolution, high-efficiency x-ray detectors for astrophysical and industrial applications. When irradiated by X rays, each X ray excites over 10{sup 6} charge carriers which cause the detector to generate a pulse of current. We present an analysis of pulse shapes from detectors we have constructed and operated. We fit the decay of the current pulse to a simple model that considers two classes of carrier loss. One model considers only the normal recombination of the charge carriers with themselves, the other included additional losses due to recombination sites in the within the detector medium. We found that both mechanisms most be taken into account. We also found a small variation in pulse shape depending on which layer of the tunnel junction absorbed the X ray. We expect that this analysis will be a useful tool in comparing different detector designs and operating conditions.
Pertussis toxin and target eukaryotic cells: binding, entry, and activation (1992)

Pertussis toxin, a protein virulence factor produced by Bordetella pertussis, is composed of an A protomer and a B oligomer. The A protomer consists of a single polypeptide, termed the S1 subunit, which disrupts transmembrane signaling by ADP-ribosylating eukaryotic G-proteins. The B oligomer, containing five polypeptides, binds to cell receptors (most likely containing carbohydrate) and delivers the S1 subunit. Current knowledge suggests that expression of ADP-ribosyltransferase activity in target eukaryotic cells arises after 1) nucleotides and membrane lipids allosterically promote the release of the S1 subunit; and 2) the single disulfide bond in the S1 subunit is reduced by reductants such as glutathione. This model suggests conditions for the proper use of the toxin as an experimental reagent.
The Accurate and Efficient Simulation of a Fractured Tight Gas Condensate Reservoir Using Embedded Discrete Fracture Model (2022)

Abstract The hydraulic fracture modeling is critical for the well dynamic performance and development optimization in the fractured condensate reservoir. The conventional approach based on LGR (Local Grid Refinement) is widely used but with low computational efficiency, and sometimes with artificial fracture orientation and geometry. In this study, a new workflow to model the hydraulic fractures using EDFM (Embedded Discrete Fracture Model) is developed to couple with the Nexus reservoir simulator for the first time. Borrowed from the dual continuum concept, the main idea of EDFM is the non-intrusive embedding of the fracture medium physical properties (such as transmissibility, pore volumes, etc.) into the pre-existing matrix cell blocks. Using the EDFM, tedious work such as model re-gridding and refinements can be avoided, and realistic fracture geometry and geological structures can be honored with only a fraction of the total computational cost. We validate the EDFM approach firstly with a simple mechanistic model and then a sector model with 18 hydraulic fractures in Cartesian grids. The results from the traditional LGR method are compared with those from EDFM to demonstrate its robustness. For the same fracture geometry and reservoir model configurations, the LGR-based and EDFM-based approach gives almost identical results for production simulations. We then applied this workflow to a more realistic sector model with 18 vertical wells in a tight gas condensate reservoir with corner points geometry. We demonstrated that the EDFM approach enables more realistic hydraulic fracture modeling, including the flexibility to incorporate geomechanics-consistent fracture orientation, gridding-independent fracture height, fracture half-length, and straight-forward modifications of fracture properties. Additionally, the speed of the EDFM is much superior to the LGR-based one. The speed-up factor reaches about 50 when appropriately decomposing the domain in this sector model, reducing the computational time from about 8 hours to about 9 minutes. This EDFM-Nexus workflow enables a much faster and more robust fracture modeling, model calibration, development optimization, and business decision-making in the tight gas condensate reservoirs.
Post-Segmentation Swallowing Accelerometry Signal Trimming and False Positive Reduction (2016)

Dual-axis swallowing accelerometry has been proposed as a method for quantifying swallowing function. Acceleration signals in anterior-posterior and superior-inferior anatomical directions are processed and automatically segmented. However, the latter is often too liberal, admitting pre- and post-swallowing activity while also giving rise to non-swallow segments. These segmentation shortcomings adversely affect feature extraction and ultimately classification of swallowing function. In this paper, we propose a kernel density estimation-based algorithm to adaptively trim the swallow segments, and energy and noise-floor algorithms to reduce the number of false positive swallow segments. The balance between false positive reduction and loss of true positives can be adjusted according to algorithmic thresholds. Dramatic reductions (-85.4%) in false positives can be achieved with a moderate loss of true positives (-15.1%).
(WIP) At Most M - A Flexible Redundancy Model for Cloud Robotics (2018)

The current trend in industry to augment lightweight and inexpensive robots with cloud-based distributed intelligence for executing complex, collaborative tasks has led to the emergence of fields like Internet of Robotic Things (IoRT) and Cloud Robotics (CR). However, reliable execution of orchestrated jobs in a networked setup with chances of infrastructural failures remains a concern. The only perceivable solution is resource redundancy, where the traditional approaches are not cost effective for tightly budgeted IoRT/CR deployments. In this work, an agile redundancy model, At most M, is proposed, which provides a handle to tune the trade-off between resource cost and reliability. The model is evaluated in a simulated warehouse environment with robots, drones, AGVs and private cloud servers deployed to accomplish multiple pickup and delivery tasks. The benefits w.r.t. resource usage cost by using our optimized redundancy model is illustrated and the trade-off between cost and reliability is demonstrated.
Evaluations of PVE Lubricants for Refrigeration and Air Conditioning system with the Low GWP Refrigerants (2017)

For the prevention of global warming, various low GWP refrigerants (R1234yf, R1234ze, R448A, R449A, R452A, R452B, R454B etc.) are proposed as the alternative of R410A and R404A for refrigeration and air conditioning system. PVE lubricants were developed for refrigeration and air-conditioning system with low GWP refrigerants. In this report, the combinations of the low GWP refrigerants and lubricant were evaluated. The evaluation items are physical properties (miscibility, solubility, viscosity, and electric insulation), thermal stability and lubricity.
Rivaroxaban Plus Aspirin Versus Aspirin in Relation to Vascular Risk in the COMPASS Trial (2019)

In patients with vascular disease, further risk stratification can identify higher-risk patients (≥2 vascular beds affected, HF, renal insufficiency, or diabetes). The net clinical benefit remains favorable for most patients treated with rivaroxaban and aspirin compared with aspirin.
Sensor Fusion for Depth Estimation, including TOF and Thermal Sensors (2012)

This paper describes the computation of depth maps for a high-quality reference camera augmented by a set of satellite sensors. The satellite sensors include support cameras, a TOF (time-of-flight) sensor, and a thermal camera, all rigidly attached to the reference camera. There is extensive previous work on computing depth maps with stereo alone, and high-quality results have been achieved. However it has proved difficult to achieve good results for cases such as texture less areas, or similar fore- and background colors. We show that with our proposed sensor fusion we can achieve high quality results. The paper makes two contributions. The first is a method for combining TOF data with multi-camera data that includes reasoning about occlusions, to produce an improved depth estimate near depth discontinuities. The second contribution is to show the benefit of thermal sensing as a segmentation prior. Thermal cameras were formerly high-cost devices but are now available at the same cost as machine vision cameras. This work demonstrates their advantages, particularly for scenes including humans.
A 100MHz 4mW Four-Quadrant BiCMOS Analogue Multiplier (1994)

An analogue four-quadrant multiplier based on a simple, highly linear and fast BiCMOS transconductor using MOS transistors operating in the triode region and vertical npn bipolar is presented. The four quadrant operation is obtained by cross-coupling in a Gilbert-cell fashion two transconductors and using a third stage to modulate the transconductance of the former two. A chip prototype has been designed to obtain high linearity on both inputs and high speed of operation up to a 3V supply voltage and 4mW dissipated power. It has been integrated in a 1.2?m BiCMOS process.
Superplastic Deformation Mechanism of &delta;/&gamma; Duplex Stainless Steels (1987)

Superplasticity of δ/γ duplex stainless steels has been studied in relation to the microstructural change during deformation in order to elucidate the role of the second phase particles. In the case of deformation in the δ/γ duplex phase region, local strain concentration within the δ-ferrite matrix due to dispersion of relatively hard γ particles and the subsequent recrystallization occur repeatedly. When the alloys containing high Cr and Mo are deformed at temperatures around 900°C, σ phase particles precipitate via eutectoid decomposition of δ-ferrite into new γ and σ phases, and the γ/σ duplex phase structure forms. The dynamic recrystallization of γ phase matrix occurs locally and intermittently, and extremely large superplasticity is also obtained. Prior cold work largely accelerates these processes, and leads equiaxied δ/γ or γ/σ duplex structure in the early stage of deformation. The superplasticity in both cases can be obtained by delicate balance between the local strain hardening and the subsequent recrystallization, and thus the flow stress exhibits large strain rate dependence. This model also explains granular appearance of the fracture surface as a coalescence of microvoids induced by the individual hard phase particles. In order to obtain large superplasticity, the microstructure should consist of hard particles embeded within a soft matrix and the amount of hard particles should be at least greater than 10% in the case of σ in γ/σ duplex structure. The structure with hard phase matrix within which the soft second phase particles disperse does not exhibit superplasticity.
OP4 Perivascular fat attenuation index mapping around the right and left coronary artery independently predict cardiac mortality (2020)

<h3>Introduction</h3> Coronary inflammation induces spatial changes in perivascular adipose tissue (PVAT) composition, which can now be detected as spatial changes in PVAT attenuation quantified by the perivascular Fat Attenuation Index (FAI) on coronary computed tomography angiography (CCTA). We assessed the ability of perivascular FAI mapping around the right and left coronary territories to independently stratify future cardiac risk. <h3>Methods</h3> This was a post-hoc analysis of the CRISP-CT (Cardiovascular RISk Prediction using Computed Tomography) study that included 3912 patients with an average age of 55.7 years (standard deviation [SD]: 13.7 years). Perivascular FAI mapping was performed around the proximal right (RCA) and left anterior descending (LAD) coronary arteries. FAI was calculated based on the weighted average attenuation of PVAT using the CaRi-HEART algorithm, as previously described. The independent association with future incidence of cardiac death was assessed in adjusted Cox regression models. <h3>Results</h3> Over a median follow-up period of 5.6 years, 74 cardiac deaths were recorded. The cross-sectional association between perivascular FAI around the RCA and LAD at baseline was found to be moderate (R2=0.36, P<0.001). Interestingly, both higher peri-RCA and peri-LAD FAI values were independently associated with a higher risk of cardiac mortality, following multivariable adjustment for age, sex, hypertension, hyperlipidemia, diabetes mellitus, smoking, epicardial adipose tissue volume and coronary artery disease (≥50% stenosis) (adjusted Hazard Ratio [95% confidence interval] of 1.70 [1.23–2.35], P=0.001 & 1.55 [1.12–2.14], P=0.008 per 1 SD increments, respectively) <h3>Conclusion</h3> Perivascular FAI around the coronary arteries is characterised by anatomical/regional variability, and its values are affected by the coronary segment interrogated. Non-invasive characterization of coronary inflammation using CCTA-derived FAI should include a comprehensive assessment of both coronary arteries in order to better characterize the inflammatory residual risk of each patient.
Hydrographic parameter maps deduced from CCD image sequences of the water surface supplemented by in-situ wave gauges (2002)

A new technique, which utilizes a combination of image sequences acquired by CCD cameras and in-situ data sets, is used to observe and analyze inhomogeneous spatiotemporal wave fields in hydraulic wave tanks. The analysis technique allows the determination of hydrographic parameters, like the near-surface current velocity vector, the water depth, and full directional calibrated wave spectra. After a geometric transformation of the image sequence from image coordinates to world coordinates the sequence is transformed to the three-dimensional wavenumber-frequency spectrum. Spectral filtering techniques allow a directional-frequency separation for each single wave of the sea-state signal. By an inverse transformation to the spatial domain noise-reduced phase and power maps of single waves are retrieved. The wavenumbers of these waves are determined by a fitting algorithm on a high-resoluted spatial scale. The composition of waves from all directions and frequencies results in a local wavenumber image spectrum. In-situ wave gauges at single points in the imaged area are used to calibrate the image spectra. This method is useful for impact studies on marine structures or beach studies in wave facilities. The analysis methods have been tested for optical sensors and as well for nautical X-band radar image sequences. This gives oceanographers, offshore, and coastal engineers a tool to study the spatio-temporal behaviour of complex wave fields in hydraulic wave tanks and in nature.
JUMP mode---a dynamic window-based scheduling framework for Bluetooth scatternets (2001)

The emerging Bluetooth technology enables devices to be wirelessly connected in an ad hoc fashion. Using Bluetooth, devices are organized into small piconets, which in turn may be inter-connected to form larger networks called scatternets. In a scatternet, some of the devices participate in more than one piconet. These nodes are called PMP (Participant in Multiple Piconets) nodes. Since a Bluetooth unit only hence one transceiver, it may only be active in one piconet at any given instant and hance a PMP node must schedule its time between piconets on a time-division basis. The availability of PMP nodes represents an important performance constraint when building scatternets and has to be effectively coordinated between the different piconets. To allow flexible and efficient scatternet operation and to overcome the shortcomings of the current Bludetooth modes, we proposed a new mode---JUMP mode. This mode includes a set of communication rules that enable efficient scatternet operation by offering a great deal of flexibility for a node to adapt its activity in different piconets to the traffic conditions. Using JUMP mode a PMP node divides the time into timewindows and then signals about which piconet to be present in for each of these time windows. The time windows are of pseudo random length to eliminate systematic collisions and thereby avoid starvation and live-lock problems without any need for scatternet-wide may coordination. Besides enabling scatternet operation, JUMP mode also enhance other aspects of Bluetooth , such as low-power operation
Fiber-Optic Temperature and Pressure Sensors Applied to Radiofrequency Thermal Ablation in Liver Phantom: Methodology and Experimental Measurements (2015)

Radiofrequency thermal ablation (RFA) is a procedure aimed at interventional cancer care and is applied to the treatment of small- and midsize tumors in lung, kidney, liver, and other tissues. RFA generates a selective high-temperature field in the tissue; temperature values and their persistency are directly related to the mortality rate of tumor cells. Temperature measurement in up to 3–5 points, using electrical thermocouples, belongs to the present clinical practice of RFA and is the foundation of a physical model of the ablation process. Fiber-optic sensors allow extending the detection of biophysical parameters to a vast plurality of sensing points, using miniature and noninvasive technologies that do not alter the RFA pattern. This work addresses the methodology for optical measurement of temperature distribution and pressure using four different fiber-optic technologies: fiber Bragg gratings (FBGs), linearly chirped FBGs (LCFBGs), Rayleigh scattering-based distributed temperature system (DTS), and extrinsic Fabry-Perot interferometry (EFPI). For each instrument, methodology for ex vivo sensing, as well as experimental results, is reported, leading to the application of fiber-optic technologies in vivo . The possibility of using a fiber-optic sensor network, in conjunction with a suitable ablation device, can enable smart ablation procedure whereas ablation parameters are dynamically changed.
Chemical genetic programming - evolution of amino acid rewriting rules used for genotype-phenotype translation (2005)

A new method of genetic programming, named chemical genetic programming (CGP), which enables evolutionary optimization of the mapping from genotypic strings to phenotypic trees is proposed. A cell is evolved, and includes a DNA string that codes genetic information and smaller molecules for the mapping from DNA code to computational functionality. Genetic modification of a cell's DNA allows the DNA code and the genotype-to-phenotype translation to coevolve. Building an optimal translation table enhances evolution within a population while maintaining the necessary diversity to explore the entire search space.
High‐Throughput Bead‐Based Identification of Structure‐Switching Aptamer Beacons (2014)

We describe a new platform to identify structure-switching DNA beacon aptamers, which detect small molecules in a specific manner. By clonally amplifying a DNA library designed to fluoresce in response to binding events onto microbeads, aptamer beacons can be selected by stringent fluorescence-assisted sorting. We validated this method by isolating known and novel anti-steroid aptamers from two separate DNA libraries that were structurally enriched with three-way junctions. Importantly, aptamers were retrieved in only a few (three) rounds of selection by this approach and did not require further optimization, significantly streamlining the process of beacon development.
Reduction of phase-difference deviation in 90.DEG. optical hybrid over wide wavelength range (2010)

We describe a technique for reducing the wavelength-dependent phase-difference deviation between in-phase and quadrature components in an 90° optical hybrid consisting of four 3-dB couplers and a phase shifter. We fabricated the 90° hybrid with our proposed technique, which uses silica-based planar lightwave circuit technology. The fabricated 90° hybrid exhibits a low phase-difference deviation from 90° of less than 0.7° over the C- and L-bands, and will be useful in a digital coherent receiver for transmission systems operating at 100Gbit/s or more.
Bactericidal Paper Impregnated with Silver Nanoparticles for Point-of-Use Water Treatment (2011)

There is an urgent need for cheap point-of-use methods to purify drinking water. We describe a method to deactivate pathogenic bacteria by percolation through a paper sheet containing silver nanoparticles. The silver nanoparticles are deposited by the in situ reduction of silver nitrate on the cellulose fibers of an absorbent blotting paper sheet. The aim is to achieve inactivation of bacteria during percolation through the sheet, rather than removal of bacteria from the effluent by filtration. The silver-nanoparticle containing (AgNP) papers were tested for performance in the laboratory with respect to bacteria inactivation and silver leaching as suspensions of bacteria percolated through the paper. The AgNP sheets exhibited antibacterial properties toward suspensions of Escherichia coli and Enterococcus faecalis, with log reduction values in the effluent of over log 6 and log 3, respectively. The silver loss from the AgNP sheets was minimal, with values under 0.1 ppm (the current US EPA and WHO limit for silver in drinking water). These results show promise that percolation of bacterially contaminated water through paper embedded with silver nanoparticles could be an effective emergency water treatment.
Expression of Antisense RNA Targeted against <i>Streptococcus thermophilus</i> Bacteriophages (2002)

Antisense RNA complementary to a putative helicase gene (hel3.1) of a cos-type Streptococcus thermophilus bacteriophage was used to impede the proliferation of a number of cos-type S. thermophilus bacteriophages and one pac-type bacteriophage. The putative helicase gene is a component of the Sfi21-type DNA replication module, which is found in a majority of the S. thermophilus bacteriophages of industrial importance. All bacteriophages that strongly hybridized a 689-bp internal hel3.1 probe were sensitive to the expression of antisense hel3.1 RNA. A 40 to 70% reduction in efficiency of plaquing (EOP) was consistently observed, with a concomitant decrease in plaque size relative to that of the S. thermophilus parental strain. When progeny were released, the burst size was reduced. Growth curves of S. thermophilus NCK1125, in the presence of variable levels of bacteriophage kappa3, showed that antisense hel3.1 conferred protection, even at a multiplicity of infection of approximately 1.0. When the hel3.1 antisense RNA cassette was expressed in cis from the kappa3-derived phage-encoded resistance (PER) plasmid pTRK690::ori3.1, the EOP for bacteriophages sensitive to PER and antisense targeting was reduced to between 10(-7) and 10(-8), beyond the resistance conferred by the PER element alone (less than 10(-6)). These results illustrate the first successful applications of antisense RNA and explosive delivery of antisense RNA to inhibit the proliferation of S. thermophilus bacteriophages.
Shunt Resistance Relation to Power Loss due to Potential Induced Degradation in Crystalline Photovoltaic Cells (2019)

Potential Induced Degradation (PID) is expected to become more frequent with the increased system voltage of photovoltaic (PV) systems. Thus, a PID detection method is required to detect PID at an early stage in order to increase the reliability of PV systems and the lifetime of PV modules. In this paper, a relation between the shunt resistance and the power loss of a PV cell due to PID is derived for the development of a detection model from cell to module level. The results indicate a logarithmic relationship. In addition, a shunt resistance threshold, at which significant power loss starts to appear, is derived. The threshold is examined for various power loss levels and temperatures. The threshold was found to decrease with temperature with a near linear behaviour.