gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
The effect of hydrogen on the fatigue life of high strength steel (1978)

Torsional fatigue tests were conducted on 4370 steel oil quenched and tempered at 1000° F in (l) the uncharged state, (2) the hydrogen charged state, and (3) in a hydrogen environment. The tests were conducted on both smooth (K<sub>t</sub> = l.l) and V-notch (K<sub>t</sub> = 3.8) test specimens. A statistical analysis conducted at the 99% confidence limit for the smooth test specimens indicated that precharging with hydrogen increased the fatigue life of the material and also the fracture surface of the test specimens changed from a circumferential crack to a 45° diagonal crack. At a 90% confidence limit, charging with hydrogen did not affect the fatigue life of the V-notched specimens. At a 99% confidence limit for both the smooth and V-notched test specimens, testing in a hydrogen environment increased the fatigue life of the material. Bending fatigue tests were also conducted on the same material and the results indicated that charging with hydrogen decreased fatigue life of smooth test specimens (K<sub>t</sub> = l.l) but increased the fatigue life for V-notched specimens (K<sub>t</sub> = 2.4 and 3.8).
Improved read voltage margins with alternative topologies for memristor-based crossbar memories (2013)

Memories based on hysteretic resistive materials are expected to have superior properties such as nonvolatility, low power consumption, as well as very high capacity. Crossbar arrays are considered very attractive for future ultimately scaled memories. In this paper, the memristor-based passive crossbar geometry is studied and a set of different topological patterns, which introduce insulating junctions within the memory array, is presented. In the worst-case reading scenario the simulations revealed significantly improved sensed voltage margins (up to > 4×) which alleviate the rigorous requirement for large and highperformance CMOS sensing circuits in passive crossbar memory systems.
High temperature liquid chromatography on packed capillary columns with nonaqueous mobile phases (1995)

Abstract The need for a high resolution chromatographic technique for analyzing compounds that are heavy, relatively polar, have low water solubility, and are not adequately separated by regular HPLC methods, has led to the development of a high temperature liquid chromatography system. The increased diffusion coefficients and reduced viscosity at higher temperatures resulted in high separation velocities and allowed long columns to be used. The HTLC system contained 70 cm columns and nonaqueous mobile phases. Packed capillary columns prevented radial temperature gradients which otherwise would reduce the efficiency. The capillary columns were packed with a reversed phase material (ODS) using supercritical carbon dioxide as the slurry fluid. A new method for preparing a ceramic frit inside the column was developed. The frit withstood pressures of at least 600 bar. The robustness of the columns in a nonaqueous environment with elevated temperature was tested and found satisfactory for 150 injections with a temperature program at each injection. Isothermal elution or temperature programming in the 50–150°C range reduced the analysis time significantly. Compounds which were completely retained at room temperature eluted with good peak shape at elevated temperature.
High performance frequency hopping transmitters using two-point delta-sigma modulation (2004)

This paper describes a 2.4 GHz high performance frequency hopping (HP) transmitter using two-point delta-sigma modulation (TPDSM). Two bottleneck problems in the implementation have been studied. One is the inherent gain and delay mismatches between two modulation points. The other is the nonlinear performance of phase-locked loop (PLL). Both mismatch and nonlinear factors dominate the closed-loop modulation accuracy. Our simulation can predict the dependencies of modulation accuracy on both factors quite well. Comparison between simulation and measurement also shows good agreement. The implemented TPDSM-based FH GFSK transmitter can achieve 2.5 Mbps data rate and meanwhile 15 /spl mu/s PLL stable time with only 2.2% rms FSK error under good design and operating conditions.
Machine recognition of online handwritten Devanagari characters (2005)

In this paper, we describe a system for the automatic recognition of isolated handwritten Devanagari characters obtained by linearizing consonant conjuncts. Owing to the large number of characters and resulting demands on data acquisition, we use structural recognition techniques to reduce some characters to others. The residual characters are then classified using the subspace method. Finally the results of structural recognition and feature-based matching are mapped to give final output. The proposed system is evaluated for the writer dependent scenario.
Adenovirus genes that modulate the sensitivity of virus‐infected cells to lysis by TNF (1993)

TNF is a key inflammatory cytokine with antiviral properties. Human adenoviruses encode several intracellular proteins that mediate the effects of TNF. Expression of the adenovirus immediate early E1A proteins induces viral genes and a host of cellular genes, drives G0 cells into S-phase, and induces apoptosis and susceptibility to TNF-induced apoptosis. The adenovirus E1B-19K protein inhibits both E1A- and TNF-induced apoptosis. The E3-14.7K protein and the E3-10.4K/14.5K complex of proteins inhibit TNF- but not E1A-induced apoptosis. The E3 14.7K and 10.4K/14.5K proteins inhibit TNF activation of cytosolic phospholipase A2 (cPLA2), which may explain how they inhibit TNF cytolysis. Since eicosinoids produced from arachidonic acid (the product of cPLA2) are potent mediators of inflammation, the E3 proteins may block the inflammatory response to adenovirus infection. These adenovirus proteins should be novel tools to understand adenovirus pathogenesis, TNF signal transduction, and TNF cytolysis.
Is Your Cat Infected with a Computer Virus? (2006)

RFID systems as a whole are often treated with suspicion, but the input data received from individual RFID tags is implicitly trusted. RFID attacks are currently conceived as properly formatted but fake RFID data; however no one expects an RFID tag to send a SQL injection attack or a buffer overflow. This paper is meant to serve as a warning that data from RFID tags can be used to exploit back-end software systems. RFID middleware writers must therefore build appropriate checks (bounds checking, special character filtering, etc.), to prevent RFID middleware from suffering all of the well-known vulnerabilities experienced by the Internet. Furthermore, as a proof of concept, this paper presents the first self-replicating RFID virus. This virus uses RFID tags as a vector to compromise backend RFID middleware systems, via a SQL injection attack
Selfrando: Securing the Tor Browser against De-anonymization Exploits (2016)

Abstract Tor is a well-known anonymous communication system used by millions of users, including journalists and civil rights activists all over the world. The Tor Browser gives non-technical users an easy way to access the Tor Network. However, many government organizations are actively trying to compromise Tor not only in regions with repressive regimes but also in the free world, as the recent FBI incidents clearly demonstrate. Exploiting software vulnerabilities in general, and browser vulnerabilities in particular, constitutes a clear and present threat to the Tor software. The Tor Browser shares a large part of its attack surface with the Firefox browser. Therefore, Firefox vulnerabilities (even patched ones) are highly valuable to attackers trying to monitor users of the Tor Browser. In this paper, we present selfrando-an enhanced and practical load-time randomization technique for the Tor Browser that defends against exploits, such as the one FBI allegedly used against Tor users. Our solution significantly improves security over standard address space layout randomization (ASLR) techniques currently used by Firefox and other mainstream browsers. Moreover, we collaborated closely with the Tor Project to ensure that selfrando is fully compatible with AddressSanitizer (ASan), a compiler feature to detect memory corruption. ASan is used in a hardened version of Tor Browser for test purposes. The Tor Project decided to include our solution in the hardened releases of the Tor Browser, which is currently undergoing field testing.
Rett syndrome: disruption of epigenetic control of postnatal neurological functions (2015)

Loss-of-function mutations in the X-linked gene Methyl-CpG-binding protein 2 (MECP2) cause a devastating pediatric neurological disorder called Rett syndrome. In males, these mutations typically result in severe neonatal encephalopathy and early lethality. On the other hand, owing to expression of the normal allele in ∼50% of cells, females do not suffer encephalopathy but instead develop Rett syndrome. Typically females with Rett syndrome exhibit a delayed onset of neurologic dysfunction that manifests around the child's first birthday and progresses over the next few years. Features of this disorder include loss of acquired language and motor skills, intellectual impairment and hand stereotypies. The developmental regression observed in patients with Rett syndrome arises from altered neuronal function and is not the result of neurodegeneration. Maintenance of an appropriate level of MeCP2 appears integral to the function of healthy neurons as patients with increased levels of MeCP2, owing to duplication of the Xq28 region encompassing the MECP2 locus, also present with intellectual disability and progressive neurologic symptoms. Despite major efforts over the past two decades to elucidate the molecular functions of MeCP2, the mechanisms underlying the delayed appearance of symptoms remain unclear. In this review, we will highlight recent findings that have expanded our knowledge of MeCP2's functions, and we will discuss how epigenetic regulation, chromatin organization and circuit dynamics may contribute to the postnatal onset of Rett syndrome.
Web scraping made simple with sitescraper (2009)

The web contains a huge amount of data, but most is not in an immediately machine-readable form for indexing or semantic processing. Web scrapers are conventionally used to extract data from web documents, by parsing these and extracting out data points relative to their structure. Docu-ment mark-up is often volatile, however, and each change to the mark-up of a given site (e.g. the addition of ad-vertisements, or the adoption of a new format) will mean the scraper needs to be manually updated. Our tool Site-Scraper gets around this issue by automatically learning XPath-based patterns to identify where a user-defined list of strings occurs in a given web page set. To train, Site-Scraper is given a small set of example URLs from a given website and the strings that the user wishes to scrape from each. This is used to generate an XPath query describing where to find the desired strings, which can be applied to scrape these from any webpage with a similar structure. Im-portantly, the user interacts with SiteScraper at the level of content, not mark-up, so no specialist knowledge is re-quired, and if the structure of a website is changed but the content stays constant, then SiteScraper can automati-cally retrain its model without human intervention. In our tests SiteScraper attained an average precision of 1.00 and an average recall of 0.97 over 700 webpages across a range of popular websites.
Clinical, epidemiologic, and virologic features of dengue in the 1998 epidemic in Nicaragua. (2000)

From July to December 1998, a hospital- and health center-based surveillance system for dengue was established at selected sites in Nicaragua to better define the epidemiology of this disease. Demographic and clinical information as well as clinical laboratory results were obtained, and virus isolation, reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction, and serologic assays were performed. World Health Organization criteria were used to classify disease severity; however, a number of patients presented with signs of shock in the absence of thrombocytopenia or hemoconcentration. Therefore, a new category was designated as "dengue with signs associated with shock" (DSAS). Of 1,027 patients enrolled in the study, 614 (60%) were laboratory-confirmed as positive cases; of these, 268 (44%) were classified as dengue fever (DF); 267 (43%) as DF with hemorrhagic manifestations (DFHem); 40 (7%) as dengue hemorrhagic fever (DHF); 20 (3%) as dengue shock syndrome (DSS); and 17 (3%) as DSAS. Interestingly, secondary infection was not significantly correlated with DHF/DSS, in contrast to previous studies in Southeast Asia. DEN-3 was responsible for the majority of cases, with a minority due to DEN-2; both serotypes contributed to severe disease. As evidenced by the analysis of this epidemic, the epidemiology of dengue can differ according to geographic region and viral serotype.
A Method for Handling Uncertainty in Evolutionary Optimization With an Application to Feedback Control of Combustion (2008)

We present a novel method for handling uncertainty in evolutionary optimization. The method entails quantification and treatment of uncertainty and relies on the rank based selection operator of evolutionary algorithms. The proposed uncertainty handling is implemented in the context of the covariance matrix adaptation evolution strategy (CMA-ES) and verified on test functions. The present method is independent of the uncertainty distribution, prevents premature convergence of the evolution strategy and is well suited for online optimization as it requires only a small number of additional function evaluations. The algorithm is applied in an experimental setup to the online optimization of feedback controllers of thermoacoustic instabilities of gas turbine combustors. In order to mitigate these instabilities, gain-delay or model-based <i xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">H</i> <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">infin</sub> controllers sense the pressure and command secondary fuel injectors. The parameters of these controllers are usually specified via a trial and error procedure. We demonstrate that their online optimization with the proposed methodology enhances, in an automated fashion, the online performance of the controllers, even under highly unsteady operating conditions, and it also compensates for uncertainties in the model-building and design process.
Enhanced Hydrogen Storage Capacity of High Surface Area Zeolite-like Carbon Materials (2007)

We report the synthesis of zeolite-like carbon materials that exhibit well-resolved powder XRD patterns and very high surface area. The zeolite-like carbons are prepared via chemical vapor deposition (CVD) at 800 or 850 degrees C using zeolite beta as solid template and acetonitrile as carbon precursor. The zeolite-like structural ordering of the carbon materials is indicated by powder XRD patterns with at least two well-resolved diffraction peaks and TEM images that reveal well-ordered micropore channels. The carbons possess surface area of up to 3200 m2/g and pore volume of up to 2.41 cm3/g. A significant proportion of the porosity in the carbons (up to 76% and 56% for surface area and pore volume, respectively) is from micropores. Both TEM and nitrogen sorption data indicate that porosity is dominated by pores of size 0.6-0.8 nm. The carbon materials exhibit enhanced (and reversible) hydrogen storage capacity, with measured uptake of up to 6.9 wt % and estimated maximum of 8.33 wt % at -196 degrees C and 20 bar. At 1 bar, hydrogen uptake capacity as high as 2.6 wt % is achieved. Isosteric heat of adsorption of 8.2 kJ/mol indicates a favorable interaction between hydrogen and the surface of the carbons. The hydrogen uptake capacity observed for the zeolite-like carbon materials is among the highest ever reported for carbon (activated carbon, mesoporous carbon, CNTs) or any other (MOFs, zeolites) porous material.
ROEBLING'S AQUEDUCT: FROM COAL TO CARS (1994)

This article is an historic account of Roebling's Aqueduct, a four-span wire cable suspension bridge over the Delaware River that carried canal boats bearing coal, which was built in 1848. The bridge was later converted to a highway bridge and opened to vehicular traffic. Bridge design is detailed and possible improvements noted that may be undertaken by the National Park Service (current owners).
El uso de audiovisuales en la investigación en ciencias sociales: un reto aún pendiente (2016)

A mediados del mes de septiembre de 2015, una imagen sacudía las conciencias del planeta entero y movilizó (bien que de manera lamentablemente efímera), la política europea. Se trataba del cadáver de un niño sirio ahogado en una playa de Grecia. No es lugar, ni ocasión para analizar la tragedia, sus consecuencias, ni mucho menos entrar en el fondo del asunto, pero sí puede servirnos como ejemplo de algo que, en ciencias sociales venimos reclamando como reto desde hace mucho tiempo: el uso de lo visual en nuestras investigaciones, la inmensa potencia de sus contenidos. Antes de la publicación de la imagen mencionada numerosos titulares daban un dato fidedigno: diez mil víctimas civiles en el conflicto sirio, la cuarta parte ellas niños. ¿Por qué las palabras “dos mil quinientos” o el número “2.500”, en ambos casos referidas a “niños muertos”, no movilizó a nadie y la imagen de uno solo de ellos sí? En ciencias sociales utilizamos profusamente datos numéricos (con metodología cuantitativa) y datos textuales (con metodología cualitativa) pero, ¿qué hay del uso de datos de tipo visual?© Revista Colombiana de Ciencias Sociales.
The Structure and Usage of Female and Male Mouse Ultrasonic Vocalizations Reveal only Minor Differences (2012)

Ultrasonic vocalizations (USV) of mice are increasingly recognized as informative dependent variables in studies using mouse models of human diseases. While pup vocalizations primarily serve to re-establish contact with the mother, adult male "songs" were considered to be courtship signals. Alternatively, mouse USVs may generally function as territorial signals. To distinguish between these two hypotheses, we compared the structure and usage of adult male and female USVs in staged resident-intruder encounters. If calls function primarily as courtship signals, males should respond stronger than females, specifically when presented with a female intruder. Refuting this hypothesis, we found that in response to female intruders, females called more than males (228±32 calls/min vs. 71±15 calls/min), and males called more to female than to male intruders (14±7.5 calls/min). There were no significant differences in the acoustic characteristics of the calls given by females and males. To control for the influence of the intruder's behavior on calling, we repeated the experiments using anaesthetized intruders. Again, females produced more calls to female than male intruders (173±17 calls/min vs. 71±15 calls/min), while males called more in response to female than male intruders (39±17 calls/min), and there were no acoustic differences in female and male calls. The vocal activity did not differ significantly with regard to intruder state (awake or anaesthetized), while the acoustic structure exhibited significant differences. Taken together, our findings support the view that calls do not mainly function as courtship signals, although they might serve both a territorial (sex-independent) and a courtship function. The comparison of responses to awake vs. anaesthetized intruders suggests that the latter are sufficient to elicit vocal activity. The subtle acoustic differences, however, indicate that the subject differentiates between intruder states.
Diffusion and Swelling Measurements in Pharmaceutical Powder Compacts Using Terahertz Pulsed Imaging (2015)

Tablet dissolution is strongly affected by swelling and solvent penetration into its matrix. A terahertz-pulsed imaging (TPI) technique, in reflection mode, is introduced as a new tool to measure one-dimensional swelling and solvent ingress in flat-faced pharmaceutical compacts exposed to dissolution medium from one face of the tablet. The technique was demonstrated on three tableting excipients: hydroxypropylmethyl cellulose (HPMC), Eudragit RSPO, and lactose. Upon contact with water, HPMC initially shrinks to up to 13% of its original thickness before undergoing expansion. HPMC and lactose were shown to expand to up to 20% and 47% of their original size in 24 h and 13 min, respectively, whereas Eudragit does not undergo dimensional change. The TPI technique was used to measure the ingress of water into HPMC tablets over a period of 24 h and it was observed that water penetrates into the tablet by anomalous diffusion. X-ray microtomography was used to measure tablet porosity alongside helium pycnometry and was linked to the results obtained by TPI. Our results highlight a new application area of TPI in the pharmaceutical sciences that could be of interest in the development and quality testing of advanced drug delivery systems as well as immediate release formulations.
Hyperglycemia Enhances Angiotensin II-induced Janus-activated Kinase/STAT Signaling in Vascular Smooth Muscle Cells (1999)

We have shown previously that angiotensin II (Ang II) activates the janus-activated kinase (JAK)/signal transducers and activators of transcription (STAT) pathway in vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) and that activation of the JAK/STAT pathway is required for Ang II induction of VSMC proliferation. In the present study, we examined the effects of hyperglycemia (HG) on Ang II-induced JAK/STAT signaling events in cultured VSMCs. HG increases Ang II-induced JAK2 tyrosine phosphorylation and promotes a partial tyrosine phosphorylation of the enzyme under basal conditions. In addition, HG increases both basal and Ang II-induced complex formation of JAK2 with the Ang II AT(1) receptor. The extent of STAT1 and STAT3 tyrosine and serine phosphorylation are also increased under HG conditions. Furthermore, the tyrosine phosphorylation and activities of the SHP-1 and SHP-2 tyrosine phosphatases, enzymes that regulate Ang II-induced JAK2 tyrosine phosphorylation, are altered by HG. SHP-1, which is responsible for JAK2 tyrosine dephosphorylation in VSMC, is completely deactivated in HG, resulting in a prolonged duration of JAK2 phosphorylation under HG conditions. HG also enhances Ang II induction of VSMC proliferation. Taken together, these data suggest that HG augments Ang II induction of VSMC proliferation by increasing signal transduction through the JAK/STAT pathway.