gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Aquasift: A low-cost, hand-held potentiostat for point-of-use electrochemical detection of contaminants in drinking water (2017)

The difficulty of detecting small quantities of contaminants in water supplies currently threatens the health of millions of people worldwide, as consumption of contaminated water has been associated with both cancerous and noncancerous health risks. Existing technologies make it possible to very accurately quantify contaminant levels in water; however the expense, extensive training, and off-site analysis required by these methods prevent wide scale use. Electrochemical detection offers many advantages, such as portability, minimal use of instrumentation, and ready integration with electronics. With a goal of water quality interventions, we have presented an affordable and point-of-use platform capable of detecting small amounts of arsenic in water samples. Our electrochemical system utilizes a three-electrode sensor integrated with a handheld, self-designed potentiostat called Aquasift. Aquasift's hardware is simplified as much as possible to maintain affordability and relies on firmware complexity to provide functionality comparable to more expensive bench top potentiostats. Several optional on-board digital filters are available for signal conditioning. The Aquasift can sample at a rate up to 1KSPS and the output data rate is adjustable from 1KSPS down to 1 sample per second. The board uses 12-bit data converters to provide a voltage resolution of 806 micro volts. The Aquasift is powered directly from the USB port and requires no additional power source. We compare the results obtained from the Aquasift of arsenic testing to those obtained from a commercially available bench top potentiostat. The results show Aquasift's comparable accuracy to the commercial analyzer, and demonstrate that our proposed system is a more affordable, portable alternative to laboratory testing.
Electrically Driven Photonic Crystal Nanocavity Devices (2012)

Interest in photonic crystal nanocavities is fueled by advances in device performance, particularly in the development of low-threshold laser sources. Effective electrical control of high-performance photonic crystal lasers has thus far remained elusive due to the complexities associated with current injection into cavities. A fabrication procedure for electrically pumping photonic crystal membrane devices using a lateral p-i-n junction has been developed and is described in this study. We have demonstrated electrically pumped lasing in our junctions with a threshold of 181 nA at 50 K—the lowest threshold ever demonstrated in an electrically pumped laser. At room temperature, we find that our devices behave as single-mode light-emitting diodes (LEDs), which when directly modulated, have an ultrafast electrical response up to 10 GHz corresponding to less than 1 fJ/bit energy operation—the lowest for any optical transmitter. In addition, we have demonstrated electrical pumping of photonic crystal nanobeam LEDs, and have built fiber taper coupled electro-optic modulators. Fiber-coupled photodetectors based on two-photon absorption are also demonstrated as well as multiply integrated components that can be independently electrically controlled. The presented electrical injection platform is a major step forward in providing practical low power and integrable devices for on-chip photonics.
Power System Nonlinear State Estimation Using Distributed Semidefinite Programming (2014)

State estimation (SE) is an important task allowing power networks to monitor accurately the underlying system state, which is useful for security-constrained dispatch and power system control. For nonlinear AC power systems, SE amounts to minimizing a weighted least-squares cost that is inherently nonconvex, thus giving rise to many local optima. As a result, estimators used extensively in practice rely on iterative optimization methods, which are destined to return only locally optimal solutions, or even fail to converge. A semidefinite programming (SDP) formulation for SE has been advocated, which relies on the convex semidefinite relaxation (SDR) of the original problem and thereby renders it efficiently solvable. Theoretical analysis under simplified conditions is provided to shed light on the near-optimal performance of the SDR-based SE solution at polynomial complexity. The new approach is further pursued toward complementing traditional nonlinear measurements with linear synchrophasor measurements and reducing computational complexity through distributed implementations. Numerical tests on the standard IEEE 30- and 118-bus systems corroborate that the SE algorithms outperform existing alternatives, and approach near-optimal performance.
Regulation of Estrogen Biosynthesis by Human Adipose Cells* (1989)

THE BIOSYNTHESIS of estrogens is catalyzed by an enzyme complex termed aromatase which is localized in the endoplasmic reticulum of cells in which it is expressed. The aromatase enzyme complex consists of two components (1): The first is a form of cytochrome P-450 known as aromatase cytochrome P-450 (P-450AROM). This heme protein is responsible for binding the C19 steroid substrate and catalyzing the concerted series of reactions leading to the formation of the phenolic A ring. The second is a flavoprotein, NADPH-cytochrome P-450 reductase, which is an essentially ubiquitous protein in the endoplasmic reticulum of most cell types and is responsible for transferring reducing equivalents from NADPH to cytochrome P-450. Since there is only one gene encoding the reductase, this enzyme must be capable of transferring reducing equivalents to any form of microsomal cytochrome P-450 that it encounters (2). The aromatase reaction apparently utilizes 3 moles oxygen and 3 moles NADPH for every mole of C19 steroid metabolized (3). The first 2 oxygen molecules are utilized in the oxidation of the C19 angular methyl group. Considerable speculation continues as to the site and the mechanism of insertion of the third oxygen molecule. It has been suggested that this third site of oxygen attack is at the 2β-position (4); however, more recent work suggests that peroxidative attack, again involving the C19 methyl group, may be involved instead (5).
Low-Resource Delayless Subband Adaptive Filter Using Weighted Overlap-Add (2005)

Publication in the conference proceedings of EUSIPCO, Antalya, Turkey, 2005
Defective palmitoylation of transferrin receptor triggers iron overload in Friedreich ataxia fibroblasts (2021)

Friedreich ataxia (FRDA) is a frequent autosomal recessive disease caused by a GAA repeat expansion in the FXN gene encoding frataxin, a mitochondrial protein involved in iron-sulfur cluster (ISC) biogenesis. Resulting frataxin deficiency affects ISC-containing proteins and causes iron to accumulate in the brain and heart of FRDA patients. Here we report on abnormal cellular iron homeostasis in FRDA fibroblasts inducing a massive iron overload in cytosol and mitochondria. We observe membrane transferrin receptor 1 (TfR1) accumulation, increased TfR1 endocytosis, and delayed Tf recycling, ascribing this to impaired TfR1 palmitoylation. Frataxin deficiency is shown to reduce coenzyme A (CoA) availability for TfR1 palmitoylation. Finally, we demonstrate that artesunate, CoA, and dichloroacetate improve TfR1 palmitoylation and decrease iron overload, paving the road for evidence-based therapeutic strategies at the actionable level of TfR1 palmitoylation in FRDA.
Redox Liquid Phase Exfoliation of Layered Transition Metal Dichalcogenides (Postprint) (2016)

Abstract : Layered transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDs) are an emerging class of 2-dimensional materials due to their diverse property suite, which range from semiconducting and semimetallic to metallic and superconducting.1 Their lamellar structure consists of a transition metal layer (M) sandwiched between two chalcogen layers (X) with strong M-X intralayer bonding. These layers are separated by a weak van der waals gap. At the few- to mono-layer limit, coupling between layers is reduced, in-plane confinement dominates, and the band structure changes. This affords unique opportunities for chemical sensing, catalysis, spintronics, single-photon emission, infrared optics, nanocomposites, coatings, and printable inks for nanoelectronics.25 Thus, a suite of processing methods have evolved to satisfy application-specific requirements, such as defect density, scale, cost, and integration. Top-down exfoliation of powders affords large volume use and compliments molecular-based monolayer growth for micro-fabricated devices.
Experimental investigation of an adaptive feedback algorithm for hot spot reduction in radio-frequency phased-array hyperthermia (1996)

A computer-controlled adaptive phased array radiofrequency hyperthermia system for improved therapeutic tumor heating is experimentally investigated. Adaptive array feedback techniques are used to modify the electric-field in hyperthermia experiments with a homogeneous saline phantom target. A hyperthermia phased-array antenna system has been modified to implement adaptive nulling and adaptive focusing algorithms. The hyperthermia system is a ring phased-array antenna applicator with four independently controlled RF transmitter channels operating at a CW frequency of 100 MHz. The hyperthermia phased array is made adaptive by software modifications which invoke a gradient-search feedback algorithm that controls the amplitude and phase of each transmitter channel. The gradient-search algorithm implements the method of steepest descent for adaptive nulling (power minimization) and the method of steepest ascent for adaptive focusing (power maximization). The feedback signals are measured by electric-field short-dipole probe antennas. The measured data indicate that with an adaptive hyperthermia array it may be possible to maximize the applied electric field at a tumor position in a complex scattering target body and simultaneously minimize or reduce the electric field at target positions where undesired high-temperature regions (hot spots) occur.
Probabilistic query expansion using query logs (2002)

Query expansion has long been suggested as an effective way to resolve the short query and word mismatching problems. A number of query expansion methods have been proposed in traditional information retrieval. However, these previous methods do not take into account the specific characteristics of web searching; in particular, of the availability of large amount of user interaction information recorded in the web query logs. In this study, we propose a new method for query expansion based on query logs. The central idea is to extract probabilistic correlations between query terms and document terms by analyzing query logs. These correlations are then used to select high-quality expansion terms for new queries. The experimental results show that our log-based probabilistic query expansion method can greatly improve the search performance and has several advantages over other existing methods.
Controlled lock violation (2013)

In databases with a large buffer pool, a transaction may run in less time than it takes to log the transaction's commit record on stable storage. Such cases motivate a technique called early lock release: immediately after appending its commit record to the log buffer in memory, a transaction may release its locks. Thus, it cuts overall lock duration to a fraction and reduces lock contention accordingly.
Abstract 15077: Identification of Cd82-Positive Human Cardiomyocyte-Fated Progenitors in Human Pluripotent Stem Cell-Derived Cells (2017)

Background: Cardiovascular progenitor cells (CPCs) with multi-differentiation potentials to cardiomyocytes (CMs) and non-CM population are reported. Although CPCs differentiate into CMs with high e...
Development and testing of a multi-transducer system for measuring height of condensed water in steam pipes with steady-state and turbulent flow conditions (2017)

One of the critical requirements for ensuring the safety of a steam pipe is to monitor the condensed water level under operation. For this objective, the authors initially developed methods and obtained preliminary test results based on the use of ultrasonic pulse-echo transducers and enhanced signal-processing tool; however, the methodology needed further development in order to obtain measurements in turbulent dynamic flow conditions. To improve the reliability of measurements taken in turbulent flow conditions, an experimental system was developed using multiple transducers driven by a multiplexer, and a data acquisition module capable of operating in any flow conditions. The system consists of a simulation testbed, which allows testing the performance over a range of flow rates and water levels and to observe flow conditions and patterns, as well as measure actual water level, flow velocities, wave conditions, etc. In this paper, we present the development details that include description of the testbed for simulating the flow of condensed water, the multiple transducers arrangement, the signal processing method, and the test results of both steady state and turbulent flow.
Rapid cytotoxicity of human B lymphocytes induced by VH4-34 (VH4.21) gene-encoded monoclonal antibodies (1996)

We have previously described complement-independent killing of human B lymphocytes by two IgM MoAbs derived from the VH4-34 (VH4.21) gene. Analysis of 17 independently derived VH4-34-encoded MoAbs shows that B cell toxicity is not limited to the two described MoAbs, but is a general property shared by a subset of MoAbs derived from the VH4-34 gene. As observed by two independent microscopy techniques, giant membrane pores were formed on target B cells within 10-15 min of exposure to cytotoxic VH4-34-derived MoAbs. Toxicity by individual MoAb correlated directly to its B cell binding intensity measured by FACS, i.e. stronger the binding greater the killing. Sequence analysis showed that V(H) region in germ-line or in near germ-line configuration was necessary but not sufficient for B cell binding. In addition, a particular sequence motif enriched in basic amino acids in the CDR3 may be required to supplement the reactivity mediated by the V(H) region of the MoAb molecule. VH4-34-encoded antibodies that fulfil the above sequence requirements have cold agglutinin activity towards the i antigen of cord erythrocytes. In vivo, such anti-i/anti-B cell antibodies are rarely detected in healthy adults, but serum levels are dramatically elevated in selective pathological conditions, such as systemic lupus erythematosus and infectious mononucleosis. This strict regulation may be related to the novel and rapid mechanism of human B cell toxicity demonstrated by antibodies encoded by a single human V(H) gene.
ICP4, the major transcriptional regulatory protein of herpes simplex virus type 1, forms a tripartite complex with TATA-binding protein and TFIIB (1993)

The ICP4 protein of herpes simplex virus can either increase or decrease the rate of transcription mediated by RNA polymerase II, depending on the target promoter. The interplay of DNA-protein and protein-protein contacts determining ICP4 function has yet to be characterized, and consequently the molecular mechanism by which the protein acts remains unclear. ICP4 can transactivate minimal promoters containing only TATA homologies, and therefore it is reasonable to hypothesize that ICP4 works by influencing the TATA-dependent assembly of general transcription factors via specific protein-protein interactions. This study directly addresses this hypothesis by determining whether ICP4 affects the assembly of general transcription factors on templates bearing a TATA box and an ICP4-binding site. Using gel retardation and footprinting assays, we found that ICP4 forms a tripartite complex with TFIIB and either the TATA-binding protein (TBP) or TFIID. The formation of this complex was not the result of simple tripartite occupancy of the DNA but the consequence of protein-protein interactions. In the presence of all three proteins, the affinity of ICP4 and TBP for their respective binding sites was substantially increased. Using mutant derivatives of ICP4 and defective versions of promoters, we also demonstrated that the ability of ICP4 to regulate gene expression correlated with its ability to form a tripartite complex with TFIIB and TBP in vitro.
Synthesis of 1. cap alpha. -Hydroxy (6-/sup 3/H) vitamin D/sub 3/ and its metabolism to 1. cap alpha. , 25-dihydroxy (6-/sup 3/H) vitamin D/sub 3/ in the rat (1976)

The compound, 1..cap alpha..-Hydroxy (6-/sup 3/H) vitamin D/sub 3/, has been synthesized with a specific activity of 4 Ci/mmol, and its metabolism in rats has been studied. It is rapidly converted to 1..cap alpha..,25-dihydroxy(6-/sup 3/H)vitamin D/sub 3/ in vivo. Following an intravenous or oral dose, a maximal concentration of 1..cap alpha..,25-dihydroxy(6-/sup 3/H)vitamin D/sub 3/ is found 2 and 4 hours, respectively, before the maximal intestinal calcium transport response is observed. Similarly, 1..cap alpha..,25-dihydroxy(6-/sup 3/H)vitamin D/sub 3/ accumulation in bone precedes the bone calcium mobilization response. It appears, therefore, that the biological activity of 1..cap alpha..-hydroxyvitamin D/sub 3/ is largely, if not exclusively, due to its conversion to 1..cap alpha..,25-dihydroxy(6-/sup 3/H)vitamin D/sub 3/. 1..cap alpha..-Hydroxy(6-/sup 3/H)vitamin D/sub 3/ and 1..cap alpha..,25-dihydroxy(6-/sup 3/H)vitamin D/sub 3/ appear in intestine equally well after an oral or an intravenous dose of 1..cap alpha..-hydroxy(6-/sup 3/H)vitamin D/sub 3/. However, much less of both 1..cap alpha..-hydroxy(6-/sup 3/H)vitamin D/sub 3/ and 1..cap alpha..,25-dihydroxy(6-/sup 3/H)vitamin D3 appears in bone and blood after an oral than after an intravenous dose. A much reduced bone calcium mobilization response is also noted following an oral dose as compared to an intravenous dose of 1..cap alpha..-hydroxyvitamin D/sub 3/, suggesting that oral 1..cap alpha..-hydroxyvitamin D/sub more » 3/ is not utilized as well as intravenously administered material. « less
ChemInform Abstract: Discovery and Application of Doubly Quaternized Cinchona‐Alkaloid‐Based Phase‐Transfer Catalysts. (2015)

Abstract Novel N,N′‐dibenzylated cinchona alkaloid‐based phase‐transfer catalysts are designed to provide improved enantioselectivity for the intramolecular spirocyclization of substrates of type (I), (III), and (V) compared to traditional cinchona alkaloid catalysts.
Temporal Effects on Internal Fluorescence Emissions Associated with Aflatoxin Contamination from Corn Kernel Cross-Sections Inoculated with Toxigenic and Atoxigenic Aspergillus flavus (2017)

Non-invasive, easy to use and cost-effective technology offers a valuable alternative for rapid detection of carcinogenic fungal metabolites, namely aflatoxins, in commodities. One relatively recent development in this area is the use of spectral technology. Fluorescence hyperspectral imaging, in particular, offers a potential rapid and non-invasive method for detecting the presence of aflatoxins in maize infected with the toxigenic fungus <i>Aspergillus flavus</i>. Earlier studies have shown that whole maize kernels contaminated with aflatoxins exhibit different spectral signatures from uncontaminated kernels based on the external fluorescence emission of the whole kernels. Here, the effect of time on the internal fluorescence spectral emissions from cross-sections of kernels infected with toxigenic and atoxigenic <i>A. flavus</i>, were examined in order to elucidate the interaction between the fluorescence signals emitted by some aflatoxin contaminated maize kernels and the fungal invasion resulting in the production of aflatoxins. First, the difference in internal fluorescence emissions between cross-sections of kernels incubated in toxigenic and atoxigenic inoculum was assessed. Kernels were inoculated with each strain for 5, 7, and 9 days before cross-sectioning and imaging. There were 270 kernels (540 halves) imaged, including controls. Second, in a different set of kernels (15 kernels/group; 135 total), the germ of each kernel was separated from the endosperm to determine the major areas of aflatoxin accumulation and progression over nine growth days. Kernels were inoculated with toxigenic and atoxigenic fungal strains for 5, 7, and 9 days before the endosperm and germ were separated, followed by fluorescence hyperspectral imaging and chemical aflatoxin determination. A marked difference in fluorescence intensity was shown between the toxigenic and atoxigenic strains on day nine post-inoculation, which may be a useful indicator of the location of aflatoxin contamination. This finding suggests that both, the fluorescence peak shift and intensity as well as timing, may be essential in distinguishing toxigenic and atoxigenic fungi based on spectral features. Results also reveal a possible preferential difference in the internal colonization of maize kernels between the toxigenic and atoxigenic strains of <i>A. flavus</i> suggesting a potential window for differentiating the strains based on fluorescence spectra at specific time points.
Mechanical properties of cellular nucleus characterized by Brillouin flow cytometry (2017)

Nucleus is the largest and usually stiffest organelle in a eukaryotic cell. Thus its mechanical properties is tightly related to various cell functions and activities. In this work, we developed a label-free flow cytometry platform to characterize the nuclear mechanics with the help of Brillouin microscopy, which is an all-optical technique so that can measure the stiffness of the nucleus in a non-contact, non-invasive and label-free manner. We demonstrate that Brillouin flow cytometry is able to detect physiologically-relevant changes in nuclear stiffness with enough sensitivity.
Mitigating Wireless Channel Impairments in Seismic Data Transmission Using Deep Neural Networks (2021)

The traditional cable-based geophone network is an inefficient way of seismic data transmission owing to the related cost and weight. The future of oil and gas exploration technology demands large-scale seismic acquisition, versatility, flexibility, scalability, and automation. On the one hand, a typical seismic survey can pile up a massive amount of raw seismic data per day. On the other hand, the need for wireless seismic data transmission remains immense. Moving from pre-wired to wireless geophones faces major challenges given the enormous amount of data that needs to be transmitted from geophones to the on-site data collection center. The most important factor that has been ignored in the previous studies for the realization of wireless seismic data transmission is wireless channel effects. While transmitting the seismic data wirelessly, impairments like interference, multi-path fading, and channel noise need to be considered. Therefore, in this work, a novel amalgamation of blind channel identification and deep neural networks is proposed. As a geophone already is responsible for transmitting a tremendous amount of data under tight timing constraints, the proposed setup eschews sending any additional training signals for the purpose of mitigating the channel effects. Note that the deep neural network is trained only on synthetic seismic data without the need to use real data in the training process. Experiments show that the proposed method gives promising results when applied to the real/field data set.