gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Effect of acute plasma volume expansion on substrate turnover during prolonged low-intensity exercise (1997)

We investigated the effect of acute, graded increases in plasma volume (PV) by use of dextran on substrate turnover and oxidation during exercise. Eight untrained males [peak aerobic power (VO2peak) = 45.2 +/- 2.2 (SE) ml.kg-1.min-1] performed 2 h of cycle ergometry at 46 +/- 4% of VO2peak on three occasions in a randomized order: 0% PV expansion (CON) and after 14% (LOW) and 21% (HIGH) PV expansion. Glucose and glycerol turnover were measured using primed continuous infusions of [6,6-2H2]glucose and [2H5]glycerol, respectively. Glycerol rate of appearance (Ra) was taken as a relative index of whole body lipolysis. Increases in PV had no effect on glucose Ra or disappearance (Rd) either at rest or during exercise. At the onset of exercise, both glucose Ra and Rd increased approximately 100% (P < 0.01). Glucose Ra and Rd continued to increase with exercise duration (P < 0.05) so that, at 120 min of exercise, they were > 330% higher than at rest (P < 0.01). Glycerol Ra also increased with exercise duration (P < 0.05). Total lipolysis during exercise, calculated as the area under the glycerol Ra vs. time curve, was reduced during LOW vs. CON (P < 0.01). Further expansion of PV (HIGH) had no additional effect on whole body lipolysis. No effect of hypervolemia was observed on whole body fat or carbohydrate oxidation. These results indicate that acute PV expansion can alter whole body lipolysis, possibly via a reduction in catecholamine secretion.
Amiprilose Hydrochloride for Rheumatoid Arthritis (1989)

Amiprilose HCl has significant anti-inflammatory activity and a favorable safety profile when used as the sole antirheumatic therapy in patients with active rheumatoid arthritis. Synthetic carbohydrates may represent an important new class of drugs for the treatment of inflammatory, autoimmune diseases.
Preparation of cyanoformates. Crown ether phase transfer catalysis (1976)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTPreparation of cyanoformates. Crown ether phase transfer catalysisMichael E. Childs and William P. WeberCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1976, 41, 21, 3486–3487Publication Date (Print):October 1, 1976Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 October 1976https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo00883a041https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00883a041research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views1613Altmetric-Citations62LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Performance Analysis of a Packet Switch Based on Single-Buffered Banyan Network (1983)

Banyan networks are being proposed for interconnecting memory and processor modules in multiprocessor systems as well as for packet switching in communication networks. This paper describes an analysis of the performance of a packet switch based on a single-buffered Banyan network. A model of a single-buffered Banyan network provides results on the throughput, delay, and internal blocking. Results of this model are combined with models of the buffer controller (finite and infinite buffers). It is shown that for balanced loads, the switching delay is low for loads below maximum throughput (about 45 percent per input link) and the blocking at the input buffer controller is low for reasonable buffer sizes.
Regulation of ion channels and transporters by AMP-activated kinase (AMPK) (2013)

The energy-sensing AMP-activated kinase AMPK ensures survival of energy-depleted cells by stimulating ATP production and limiting ATP utilization. Both energy production and energy consumption are profoundly influenced by transport processes across the cell membane including channels, carriers and pumps. Accordingly, AMPK is a powerful regulator of transport across the cell membrane. AMPK regulates diverse K(+) channels, Na(+) channels, Ca(2+) release activated Ca(2+) channels, Cl(-) channels, gap junctional channels, glucose carriers, Na(+)/H(+)-exchanger, monocarboxylate-, phosphate-, creatine-, amino acid-, peptide- and osmolyte-transporters, Na(+)/Ca(2+)-exchanger, H(+)-ATPase and Na(+)/K(+)-ATPase. AMPK activates ubiquitin ligase Nedd4-2, which labels several plasma membrane proteins for degradation. AMPK further regulates transport proteins by inhibition of Rab GTPase activating protein (GAP) TBC1D1. It stimulates phosphatidylinositol 3-phosphate 5-kinase PIKfyve and inhibits phosphatase and tensin homolog (PTEN) via glycogen synthase kinase 3β (GSK3β). Moreover, it stabilizes F-actin as well as downregulates transcription factor NF-κB. All those cellular effects serve to regulate transport proteins.
Project 2.6 - Enhancement of the Whole-Building Diagnostician (2003)

This report summarizes the technical elements and results of the work performed to enhance the Whole-Building Diagnostician. This document is one of a collection of reports for Project 2.6: Enhancement of the Whole-Building Diagnostician (WBD). It documents parts of the task to enhance the Whole -Building Energy (WBE) Module to support tracking a greater variety of energy variables and increasing the flexibility of the models used for normalizing values of those variables. This report summarizes the technical elements and results of the work performed. Instructions for using the WBE are provided in the ''Instructions for Configuration of the Whole-Building Diagnostician Software''. Section 2 of this report provides a brief description of the WBE and the enhancements developed under this project. Section 3 provides a table of key software bugs fixed after initially implementing the enhancements, and Section 4 provides a brief description of the method used as the basis for modeling expected energy consumption.
A review of the emerging potential therapy for neurological disorders: human embryonic stem cell therapy. (2011)

The first human embryonic stem cell (hESC) line was developed in the late nineties. hESCs are capable of proliferating indefinitely and differentiate into all the three embryonic germ layers. Further, the differentiation of hESC lines into neural precursor cells and neurons, astrocytes and oligodendrocytes showed their potential in treating several incurable neurological disorders such as spinal cord injury (SCI), cerebral palsy (CP), Parkinson's disease (PD). In this review, we will discuss the global scenario of research and therapeutic use of hESCs in the treatment of neurological disorders. Following this, we will discuss the development of a unique hESC line, how it differs from the other available hESC lines and its use in the treatment of neurological disorders. hESCs were isolated from mixture of neuronal and non-neuronal progenitor cells in their pre progenitor state in a Good Laboratory Practices, Good Tissue Practices and Good Manufacturing Practices compliant laboratory. Blastomere cells have served as a source to derive the hESCs and the xeno-free culture was demonstrated to be more safe and effective in clinical therapeutic application of hESCs. All the patients showed a remarkable improvement in their conditions and no serious adverse events were reported. This study concluded that hESC lines could be scalable and used in the treatment of various neurological disorders such as SCI, CP, and PD.
Understanding the incremental value of novel diagnostic tests for tuberculosis (2015)

Tuberculosis is a major source of global mortality caused by infection, partly because of a tremendous ongoing burden of undiagnosed disease. Improved diagnostic technology may play an increasingly crucial part in global efforts to end tuberculosis, but the ability of diagnostic tests to curb tuberculosis transmission is dependent on multiple factors, including the time taken by a patient to seek health care, the patient's symptoms, and the patterns of transmission before diagnosis. Novel diagnostic assays for tuberculosis have conventionally been evaluated on the basis of characteristics such as sensitivity and specificity, using assumptions that probably overestimate the impact of diagnostic tests on transmission. We argue for a shift in focus to the evaluation of such tests' incremental value, defining outcomes that reflect each test's purpose (for example, transmissions averted) and comparing systems with the test against those without, in terms of those outcomes. Incremental value can also be measured in units of outcome per incremental unit of resource (for example, money or human capacity). Using a novel, simplified model of tuberculosis transmission that addresses some of the limitations of earlier tuberculosis diagnostic models, we demonstrate that the incremental value of any novel test depends not just on its accuracy, but also on elements such as patient behaviour, tuberculosis natural history and health systems. By integrating these factors into a single unified framework, we advance an approach to the evaluation of new diagnostic tests for tuberculosis that considers the incremental value at the population level and demonstrates how additional data could inform more-effective implementation of tuberculosis diagnostic tests under various conditions.
Photodynamic Action: From Paramecium to Photochemotherapy* (1997)

SUMMARY It has been a most interesting and often exciting experience to have been involved in the study of photodynamic reactions during this period of rapid expansion of research and the development of so many promising applications of photosensitized reactions to biomedical problems. As indicated above, the present level of activity is overwhelming at times. I should probably not admit it, but occasionally, after going through masses of new literature, I become a bit nostalgic, and reminisce a little on the earlier days when the study of photodynamic reactions was a quiet, noncompetitive, relaxing and gentlemanly pursuit.
Gene Networks Underlying Cannabinoid and Terpenoid Accumulation in Cannabis (2019)

Glandular trichomes are specialized anatomical structures that accumulate secretions with important biological roles in plant-environment interactions. These secretions also have commercial uses in the flavor, fragrance, and pharmaceutical industries. The capitate-stalked glandular trichomes of <i>Cannabis sativa</i> (cannabis), situated on the surfaces of the bracts of the female flowers, are the primary site for the biosynthesis and storage of resins rich in cannabinoids and terpenoids. In this study, we profiled nine commercial cannabis strains with purportedly different attributes, such as taste, color, smell, and genetic origin. Glandular trichomes were isolated from each of these strains, and cell type-specific transcriptome data sets were acquired. Cannabinoids and terpenoids were quantified in flower buds. Statistical analyses indicated that these data sets enable the high-resolution differentiation of strains by providing complementary information. Integrative analyses revealed a coexpression network of genes involved in the biosynthesis of both cannabinoids and terpenoids from imported precursors. Terpene synthase genes involved in the biosynthesis of the major monoterpenes and sesquiterpenes routinely assayed by cannabis testing laboratories were identified and functionally evaluated. In addition to cloning variants of previously characterized genes, specifically <i>CsTPS14CT</i> [(-)-limonene synthase] and <i>CsTPS15CT</i> (β-myrcene synthase), we functionally evaluated genes that encode enzymes with activities not previously described in cannabis, namely CsTPS18VF and CsTPS19BL (nerolidol/linalool synthases), CsTPS16CC (germacrene B synthase), and CsTPS20CT (hedycaryol synthase). This study lays the groundwork for developing a better understanding of the complex chemistry and biochemistry underlying resin accumulation across commercial cannabis strains.
Synthesis of Ferrierite from Gels Containing a Mixture of Two Templates (2007)

Ferrierite synthesis from gels containing a mixture of two template molecules, in the absence of inorganic cations and in fluoride media, is described. One of them is a bulky structure-directing agent (SDA), 1-benzyl-1-methylpyrrolidinium cation (bmp), and the other one is a small organic cation acting as a co-template. We present here the results obtained with tetramethylammonium (TMA) and quinuclidinium (Qui) compounds as co-templates in a gel containing bmp cation as SDA. It has been observed that in both cases co-templates exert a marked effect on the nature of the synthesis products.
Shunt Active-Power-Filter Topology Based on Parallel Interleaved Inverters (2008)

In this paper, an interleaved active-power-filter concept with reduced size of passive components is discussed. The topology is composed of two pulsewidth-modulation interleaved voltage-source inverters connected together on the ac line and sharing the same dc-link capacitor. The advantages of the proposed approach are as follows: 1. significant reduction in the linkage inductors' size by decreasing the line-current ripple due to the interleaving; 2. reduction of the switching stress in the dc-link capacitor, due to the shared connection; and 3. more accurate compensation for high-power applications, because the power sharing allows one to use a higher switching frequency in each inverter. This paper analyzes the design of the passive components and gives a practical and low-cost solution for the minimization of the circulation currents between the inverters, by using common-mode coils. Several simulation results are discussed, and experimental results with a three-phase 10-kVA 400-V unit are obtained to validate the theoretical analysis.
Decision feedback sequence estimation for continuous phase modulation on a linear multipath channel (1993)

An approach to reduced-complexity detection of partial response continuous phase modulation (CPM) on a linear multipath channel is presented. The method, referred to as decision feedback sequence estimation (DFSE), is based on a conventional Viterbi algorithm (VA) using a reduced-state trellis combined with decision feedback (DF). By varying the number of states in the VA, the receiver structure can be changed gradually from a DF receiver to the optimal maximum-likelihood sequence estimator (MLSE). In this way different tradeoffs between performance and complexity can be obtained. Results on the receiver performance, based on minimum distance calculations and bit error rate simulations, are given for Gaussian minimum-shift keying modulation on typical mobile radio channels. It is shown that for channels with a long memory, a significant complexity reduction can be achieved at the cost of a moderate degradation in performance.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Complete amino acid sequence for human aldolase B derived from cDNA and genomic clones. (1984)

Several aldolase B clones from a human liver cDNA library have been identified by using a rabbit aldolase A cDNA as a hybridization probe. The most complete of these, pHL413, is 1389 base pairs long and covers approximately equal to 80% of the length of the mRNA, including 90% of the translated region. The cDNA, pHL413, was used to identify a genomic clone, lambda HG313, which encoded the remaining amino acids of human aldolase B. We demonstrate that the amino acid and nucleotide sequences of aldolase are strongly conserved even between different isozymes. Furthermore, in the 3'-untranslated regions of the mRNAs for the B isozyme of human and rat there is an extensive stretch of homology. Aldolase B lacks a cysteine at positions 72 and 338 and lacks a histidine at position 361. These residues, which are present in rabbit aldolase A, have previously been proposed to take part in catalysis. Our findings suggest that this may not be the case.
ChemInform Abstract: SYNTHESIS OF CALCITROIC ACID, A METABOLITE OF 1α,25‐DIHYDROXYCHOLECALCIFEROL (1981)

Abstract Die Synthese des Metaboliten (VIb), der aus la,25‐Dihydroxy‐vitamin D3 erhalten wird, geht von der bekannten Carbonsäure (Ia) aus, die zunächst nach Arndt‐Eistert zu (Ib) homologisiert wird.
Expression of matrix metalloproteinase-11 is increased under conditions of insulin resistance (2017)

Our results indicate that dysregulation of <i>MMP-11</i> expression is an early process in the adipose tissue dysfunction, which leads to obesity and obesity-related insulin resistance.
Update on medical treatment for Cushing’s disease (2016)

Cushing's disease (CD) is the most common cause of endogenous Cushing's syndrome (CS). The goal of treatment is to rapidly control cortisol excess and achieve long-term remission, to reverse the clinical features and reduce long-term complications associated with increased mortality. While pituitary surgery remains first line therapy, pituitary radiotherapy and bilateral adrenalectomy have traditionally been seen as second-line therapies for persistent hypercortisolism. Medical therapy is now recognized to play a key role in the control of cortisol excess. In this review, all currently available medical therapies are summarized, and novel medical therapies in phase 3 clinical trials, such as osilodrostat and levoketoconazole are discussed, with an emphasis on indications, efficacy and safety. Emerging data suggests increased efficacy and better tolerability with these novel therapies and combination treatment strategies, and potentially increases the therapeutic options for treatment of CD. New insights into the pathophysiology of CD are highlighted, along with potential therapeutic applications. Future treatments on the horizon such as R-roscovitine, retinoic acid, epidermal growth factor receptor inhibitors and somatostatin-dopamine chimeric compounds are also described, with a focus on potential clinical utility.
Histopathologic and Molecular Analysis of Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis Lungs from Patients Treated with Pirfenidone or Nintedanib (2018)

<b>Objective:</b> To test the impact of pirfenidone and nintedanib treatment on lung histopathology and markers of senescence in patients with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF). <b>Methods:</b> We collected lung tissue from IPF patients at the time of lung transplantation. Histopathologic changes were quantified using a blinded scoring method. Proteins associated with senescence were quantified in lung tissues by immunoblot and immunostaining. <b>Results:</b> Histopathologic quantification showed similar amounts of dense collagen fibrosis, fibroblast foci, or alveolar macrophages in untreated or pirfenidone or nintedanib treated IPF patients. There was a trend toward less diffuse alveolar damage and organizing pneumonia in pirfenidone or nintedanib treated IPF patients. Nintedanib treated patients had less lymphocytic interstitial infiltration. There was no difference in expression of p21 or p16 in the lungs of untreated, pirfenidone or nintedanib treated IPF patients. Pirfenidone or nintedanib treatment did not inhibit activation of senescence programming in cultured lung epithelial cells. <b>Conclusion:</b> Pirfenidone and nintedanib do not modulate expression of senescence markers or the amount of fibrosis in IPF lungs. Treated patients have less histopathologic evidence of acute lung injury at the time of lung transplantation.
Boundary expansion of expert systems: incorporating evolutionary computation with intrusion detection solutions (2002)

The work represented here utilizes evolutionary computation to improve intrusion detection techniques. Many intrusion detection techniques incorporate expert systems (e.g., ASAX, IDES, NIDES, DIDS, Hyperview, JiNao). Problems associated with expert systems are in how the rules are defined and matched against potential intruders. Going outside the rule set leaves minimal hope of detection. This work improves upon intrusion detection schemes that utilized expert systems by using an evolution strategy with combinations of attack signatures as individual characteristics. The overall strength is in viewing the rule-matching problem as an optimization problem.
Loss of chromosome Y leads to down regulation of KDM5D and KDM6C epigenetic modifiers in clear cell renal cell carcinoma (2017)

Recent genomic studies of sporadic clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC) have uncovered novel driver genes and pathways. Given the unequal incidence rates among men and women (male:female incidence ratio approaches 2:1), we compared the genome-wide distribution of the chromosomal abnormalities in both sexes. We observed a higher frequency for the somatic recurrent chromosomal copy number variations (CNVs) of autosomes in male subjects, whereas somatic loss of chromosome X was detected exclusively in female patients (17.1%). Furthermore, somatic loss of chromosome Y (LOY) was detected in about 40% of male subjects, while mosaic LOY was detected in DNA isolated from peripheral blood in 9.6% of them, and was the only recurrent CNV in constitutional DNA samples. LOY in constitutional DNA, but not in tumor DNA was associated with older age. Amongst Y-linked genes that were downregulated due to LOY, KDM5D and KDM6C epigenetic modifiers have functionally-similar X-linked homologs whose deficiency is involved in ccRCC progression. Our findings establish somatic LOY as a highly recurrent genetic defect in ccRCC that leads to downregulation of hitherto unsuspected epigenetic factors, and suggest that different mechanisms may underlie the somatic and mosaic LOY observed in tumors and peripheral blood, respectively.