gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Automatic Network Slicing for Resource Allocation in Underwater Acoustic Communication Systems (2021)

Large-scale underwater wireless communications networks are gaining interest as they represent a key enabling factor for applications spanning over several domains, such as environmental, commercial and civilian applications. To enable a cost-effective underwater (UW) network deployment and management, multiple applications with different service-level-agreement (SLA) requirements can be served using the same network infrastructure, enabling globally optimized resource management. Since different SLA requirements might belong to different stakeholders, the underwater acoustic communication systems (UACS) must support functional isolation of services. Therefore, network slicing is essential for such networks. In this paper, a novel optimization framework is introduced for automatic network slicing (ANS) of resources for UACS that enables dynamic resource allocation based on the SLAs. It achieves globally optimized solutions, enhances quality of service (QoS), simplifies network operation, and reduces deployment costs. Such paradigm is also compatible with 5G/6G networks. The proposed automatic slicing framework takes into account the challenging underwater acoustic channel characteristics to provide a heuristic sub-optimal routing and resource allocation solution based on the SLA given/required by the stakeholders/applications. Insightful numerical analysis is provided to verify the suggested model and evaluate its flexibility and efficiency.
Bayesian algorithms for blind equalization using parallel adaptive filtering (1994)

A new blind equalization algorithm based on a suboptimum Bayesian symbol-by-symbol detector is presented. It is first shown that the maximum a posteriori (MAP) sequence probabilities can be approximated using the innovations likelihoods generated by a parallel bank of Kalman filters. These filters generate a set of channel estimates conditioned on the possible symbol subsequences contributing to the intersymbol interference. The conditional estimates and MAP symbol metrics are then combined using a suboptimum Bayesian formula. Two methods are considered to reduce the computational complexity of the algorithm. First, the technique of reduced-state sequence estimation is adopted to reduce the number of symbol subsequences considered in the channel estimation process and hence the number of parallel filters required. Second, it is shown that the Kalman filters can be replaced by simpler least-mean-square (LMS) adaptive filters. A computational complexity analysis of the LMS Bayesian equalizer demonstrates that its implementation in parallel programmable digital signal processing devices is feasible at 16 kbps. The performance of the resulting algorithms is evaluated through bit-error-rate simulations, which are compared to the performance bounds of the maximum-likelihood sequence estimator. It is shown that the Kalman filter and LMS-based algorithms achieve blind start-up and rapid convergence (typically within 200 iterations) for both BPSK and QPSK modulation formats.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
2‐(Vinyloxy)ethyl soyate as a versatile platform chemical for coatings: An overview (2013)

A plant oil‐based polymer technology was recently developed that enables high molecular weight polyvinylether polymers to be produced using cationic polymerization. The plant oil monomer synthesis involves simple base‐catalyzed transesterification of a plant oil triglyceride with a hydroxy‐functional vinyl, ether such as 4‐(vinyloxy)butanol or 2‐(vinyloxy)ethanol, to produce a mixture of vinyl ether monomers that possess fatty acid ester groups in their structure. A key aspect of the technology involves the polymerization process that allows for high molecular weight polymers to be produced by polymerization exclusively through the vinyl ether double bonds. This feature enables polymers to be produced that possess unsaturation in the fatty acid ester pendent groups derived from the plant oil starting material. As has been done for conventional plant oil triglycerides, the double bonds can be used to produce thermoset materials either directly through an oxidative process or by derivatization to produce other functional groups, such as epoxides, acrylates, and hydroxyls that can be subsequently used to produce crosslinked networks. The polymerization process also results in a “living” polymerization that allows for control of polymer molecular weight, narrow molecular weight distributions, and the production of unique polymer architectures such as block copolymers. Another very important feature of the technology involves the ability to copolymerize the plant oil‐based vinyl ether monomers with other monomers to tailor polymer properties such as glass transition temperature, mechanical properties, and solubility/compatibility with other materials. This document provides an overview of the present state of the technology using soybean oil as a representative plant oil source.
Total Synthesis of (–)-Picrotoxinin (2019)

We report a concise, stereocontrolled synthesis of the neurotoxic sesquiterpenoid, (–)-picrotoxinin (<b>1</b>, PXN). The brevity of the route owes to regio- and stereoselective formation of the [4.3.0] bicyclic core by incorporation of a symmetrizing geminal dimethyl group at C5. A series of strong C–C and C–H bond oxidations convert the C5 <i>gem</i>-dimethyl group to the C15 lactone of PXN. This counterintuitive strategy features the first example of demethylation (C–C bond cleavage) in total synthesis.<br>
Osmotic Stress Induces Expression of Choline Monooxygenase in Sugar Beet and Amaranth1 (1998)

Choline monooxygenase (CMO) catalyzes the committing step in the synthesis of glycine betaine, an osmoprotectant accumulated by many plants in response to salinity and drought. To investigate how these stresses affect CMO expression, a spinach (Spinacia oleracea L., Chenopodiaceae) probe was used to isolate CMO cDNAs from sugar beet (Beta vulgaris L., Chenopodiaceae), a salt- and drought-tolerant crop. The deduced beet CMO amino acid sequence comprised a transit peptide and a 381-residue mature peptide that was 84% identical (97% similar) to that of spinach and that showed the same consensus motif for coordinating a Rieske-type [2Fe-2S] cluster. A mononuclear Fe-binding motif was also present. When water was withheld, leaf relative water content declined to 59% and the levels of CMO mRNA, protein, and enzyme activity rose 3- to 5-fold; rewatering reversed these changes. After gradual salinization (NaCl:CaCl2 = 5.7:1, mol/mol), CMO mRNA, protein, and enzyme levels in leaves increased 3- to 7-fold at 400 mM salt, and returned to uninduced levels when salt was removed. Beet roots also expressed CMO, most strongly when salinized. Salt-inducible CMO mRNA, protein, and enzyme activity were readily detected in leaves of Amaranthus caudatus L. (Amaranthaceae). These data show that CMO most probably has a mononuclear Fe center, is inducibly expressed in roots as well as in leaves of Chenopodiaceae, and is not unique to this family.
Highly stable magic angle spinning spherical rotors (2020)

Abstract. The use of spherical rotors for magic angle spinning offers a number of advantages, including improved sample exchange, efficient microwave coupling for dynamic nuclear polarization nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) experiments, and, most significantly, high frequency and stable spinning with minimal risk of rotor crash. Here we demonstrate the simple retrofitting of a commercial NMR probe with MAS spheres for solid-state NMR. We analyze a series of turbine groove geometries to investigate the importance of the rotor surface for spinning performance. Of note, rotors lacking any surface modification spin rapidly and stably even without feedback control. The high stability of a spherical rotor about the magic angle is shown to be dependent on its inertia tensor rather than the presence of turbine grooves.
Rheological Characteristics of Reticulated Bacterial Cellulose as a Performance Additive to Fracturing and Drilling Fluids (1993)

Abstract Working since 1983 Weyerhaeuser through biotechnology research has developed a new form of cellulose with an intertwined reticulated structure. This cellulose, produced from bacteria, has unique properties and functionalities unlike other conventional celluloses. When added to aqueous systems, the Reticulated Bacterial Cellulose (RBC) dramatically improves fluid rheology and particle suspension over a wide range of conditions. Extensive laboratory and pilot equipment testing has been done using RBC as an additive to a variety of fracture fluids and to a limited extent, drilling fluids. The test results show advantages in fluid performance and significant economic benefits by the addition of RBC.
The transcription factor IDEF1 regulates the response to and tolerance of iron deficiency in plants (2007)

Iron is essential for most living organisms and is often the major limiting nutrient for normal growth. Plants induce iron utilization systems under conditions of low iron availability, but the molecular mechanisms of gene regulation under iron deficiency remain largely unknown. We identified the rice transcription factor IDEF1, which specifically binds the iron deficiency-responsive cis-acting element IDE1. IDEF1 belongs to an uncharacterized branch of the plant-specific transcription factor family ABI3/VP1 and exhibits the sequence recognition property of efficiently binding to the CATGC sequence within IDE1. IDEF1 transcripts are constitutively present in rice roots and leaves. Transgenic tobacco plants expressing IDEF1 under the control of the constitutive cauliflower mosaic virus 35S promoter transactivate IDE1-mediated expression only in iron-deficient roots. Transgenic rice plants expressing an introduced IDEF1 exhibit substantial tolerance to iron deficiency in both hydroponic culture and calcareous soil. IDEF1 overexpression leads to the enhanced expression of the iron deficiency-induced transcription factor gene OsIRO2, suggesting the presence of a sequential gene regulatory network. These findings reveal cis element/trans factor interactions that are functionally linked to the iron deficiency response. Manipulation of IDEF1 also provides another approach for producing crops tolerant of iron deficiency to enhance food and biomass production in calcareous soils.
Quantized linear MIMO precoding for multiuser downlink systems (2008)

We treat the problem of sum-rate maximization via scheduling and linear precoding in multi-user (MU-) MIMO systems with quantized feedback. We formulate the optimal quantized linear precoder design problem and provide the numerical procedure for finding the solution. We also provide a simple scheduling scheme that exploits the multi-user diversity gain. It is demonstrated that, with or without scheduling, the proposed optimal linear precoding scheme achieves a significant gain over the conventional linear precoder designs with similar feedback overhead such as the zero-forcing precoder. Moreover, although the proposed quantization codebook design improves the performance of other existing MU-MIMO precoding schemes, the performance gain offered by it is typically much higher when it is coupled with the proposed linear precoding design.
Molecular Basis of Activation of Endopeptidase Activity of Botulinum Neurotoxin Type E (2010)

Botulinum neurotoxins (BoNTs) are a group of large proteins that are responsible for the clinical syndrome of botulism. The seven immunologically distinct serotypes of BoNTs (A-G), each produced by various strains of Clostridium botulinum, act on the neuromuscular junction by blocking the release of the neurotransmitter acetylcholine, thereby resulting in flaccid muscle paralysis. BoNTs are synthesized as single inactive polypeptide chains that are cleaved by endogenous or exogenous proteases to generate the active dichain form of the toxin. Nicking of the single chain BoNT/E to the dichain form is associated with 100-fold increase in toxicity. Here we investigated the activation mechanism of botulinum neurotoxin type E upon nicking and subsequent reduction of disulfide bond. It was observed that nicking of BoNT/E significantly enhances its endopeptidase activity and that at the physiological temperature of 37 degrees C the reduced form of nicked BoNT/E adopts a dynamically flexible conformation resulting from the exposure of hydrophobic segments and facilitating optimal cleavage of its substrate SNAP-25. Such reduction-induced increase in the flexibility of the polypeptide folding provides a rationale for the mechanism of BoNT/E endopeptidase against its intracellular substrate, SNAP-25, and complements current understanding of the mechanistics of interaction between the substrate and BoNT endopeptidase.
Novel slurry injection system for improved slurry flow, enhanced material removal and reduced defects in CMP (2014)

In this study, a novel slurry injection system (SIS) is introduced. SIS is placed on top of the pad which conformally rides on the pad surface during polishing and presents a thin and uniform slurry film to the wafer. Examples of SIS installed on various 200 and 300 mm commercial polishers are shown. Removal rate and polishing defects are compared between SIS and the conventional pad center area slurry application method. Through more efficient slurry delivery and reduced slurry mixing and dilution, SIS has achieved more uniform slurry flow, higher material removal rate or the same removal rate with significantly lower slurry consumption, and lower number of wafer-level polishing defects than the conventional slurry application method.
Design of Chemically Stable, Potent, and Efficacious MDM2 Inhibitors That Exploit the Retro-Mannich Ring-Opening-Cyclization Reaction Mechanism in Spiro-oxindoles (2014)

[Image: see text] Inhibition of the MDM2–p53 protein–protein interaction is being actively pursued as a new anticancer therapeutic strategy, and spiro-oxindoles have been designed as a class of potent and efficacious small-molecule inhibitors of this interaction (MDM2 inhibitors). Our previous study showed that some of our first-generation spiro-oxindoles undergo a reversible ring-opening-cyclization reaction that, from a single compound in protic solution, results in an equilibrium mixture of four diastereoisomers. By exploiting the ring-opening-cyclization reaction mechanism, we have designed and synthesized a series of second-generation spiro-oxindoles with symmetrical pyrrolidine C2 substitution. These compounds undergo a rapid and irreversible conversion to a single, stable diastereoisomer. Our study has yielded compound 31 (MI-1061), which binds to MDM2 with K(i) = 0.16 nM, shows excellent chemical stability, and achieves tumor regression in the SJSA-1 xenograft tumor model in mice.
Attenuated Revertant Serotype 1 Marek's Disease Viruses: Safety and Protective Efficacy (1991)

In earlier studies, a revertant serotype 1 Marek's disease virus (MDV), clone Md11/75C/R2, was found to be a highly protective vaccine virus but was mildly pathogenic for susceptible chickens. The term "revertant" indicates that the virus, after attenuation, gained virulence following backpassage in chickens. The present study is an attempt to develop a more attenuated but still protective vaccine virus from Md11/75C/R2. Forty-two derivative viruses or clones from Md11/75C/R2 were evaluated. Two of these, designated clones R2/23 and R2/29, induced viremia but little or no pathology in preliminary trials and were selected for further study. In a series of nine trials, both clones provided protection against challenge with very virulent MDV strains that was superior to that induced by turkey herpesvirus (HVT) and was not significantly different (P greater than 0.05) from that induced by a bivalent (HVT + SB-1) vaccine. Both clones appeared fully attenuated based on pathogenicity tests in susceptible antibody-negative chickens. Both clones gained virulence on backpassage in chickens, but this seemed of little concern because neither virus spread by contact to other chickens. Although the two clones were very similar, clone R2/23 appeared to have a slightly lower pathogenic potential following backpassage and thus best meets the combined criteria of safety and efficacy.
Characterization of a Novel Class of Polyphenolic Inhibitors of Plasminogen Activator Inhibitor-1 (2010)

Plasminogen activator inhibitor type 1, (PAI-1) the primary inhibitor of the tissue-type (tPA) and urokinase-type (uPA) plasminogen activators, has been implicated in a wide range of pathological processes, making it an attractive target for pharmacologic inhibition. Currently available small-molecule inhibitors of PAI-1 bind with relatively low affinity and do not inactivate PAI-1 in the presence of its cofactor, vitronectin. To search for novel PAI-1 inhibitors with improved potencies and new mechanisms of action, we screened a library selected to provide a range of biological activities and structural diversity. Five potential PAI-1 inhibitors were identified, and all were polyphenolic compounds including two related, naturally occurring plant polyphenols that were structurally similar to compounds previously shown to provide cardiovascular benefit in vivo. Unique second generation compounds were synthesized and characterized, and several showed IC(50) values for PAI-1 between 10 and 200 nm. This represents an enhanced potency of 10-1000-fold over previously reported PAI-1 inactivators. Inhibition of PAI-1 by these compounds was reversible, and their primary mechanism of action was to block the initial association of PAI-1 with a protease. Consistent with this mechanism and in contrast to previously described PAI-1 inactivators, these compounds inactivate PAI-1 in the presence of vitronectin. Two of the compounds showed efficacy in ex vivo plasma and one blocked PAI-1 activity in vivo in mice. These data describe a novel family of high affinity PAI-1-inactivating compounds with improved characteristics and in vivo efficacy, and suggest that the known cardiovascular benefits of dietary polyphenols may derive in part from their inactivation of PAI-1.
Electrosurgical knife. [DOE Patent] (1979)

An electrosurgical knife blade of insulating material having a pair of electrodes adapted to be connected to a radiofrequency generator is described.
The Binary Phase Only Filter as an Image Watermark (2004)

Abstract : We describe our new method for watermarking digital images. Our work is motivated by the study of phase only filters in Fourier optics. In this paper we concentrate on grey scale images, even though our method works for color also. We take the discrete Fourier transform of an image and determine a signature based upon a binary phase-only filter (BPOF). We replace certain frequency magnitudes with this BPOF. This serves as the basis for our watermark. We may also insert additional side information and our method prevents spoofing of the watermark. Our method survives JPEG compression so that the watermark survives to pass various correlation tests. Our watermarking scheme is used for authentication purposes.
A Novel Surface Treatment for Titanium Alloys (1999)

INTRODUCTION High-speed commercial aircraft require a surface treatment for titanium (Ti) alloy that is both environmentally safe and durable under the conditions of supersonic flight. A number of pretreatment procedures for Ti alloy requiring multi-stages have been developed to produce a stable surface. Among the stages are, degreasing, mechanical abrasion, chemical etching, and electrochemical anodizing. These treatments exhibit significant variations in their long-term stability, and the benefits of each step in these processes still remain unclear. In addition, chromium compounds are often used in many chemical treatments and these materials are detrimental to the environment. Recently, a chromium-free surface treatment for Ti alloy has been reported [1], though not designed for high temperature applications. In the present study, a simple surface treatment process developed at NASA/LaRC [2] is reported, offering a high performance surface for a variety of applications. This novel
Melt dispersion of thermoplastic polystyrene in polymer polyols (2009)

Polystyrene is dispersed into a polyol via a mechanical dispersion process. A stabilizer is present to stabilize the dispersed polymer particles. The stabilizer includes a copolymer of (1) from 10 to 70% by weight of a branched polyol which has a molecular weight of from 4000 to 20,000, from 0.2 to about 1.2 polymerizable ethylenically unsaturated groups per molecule and from about 3 to about 8 hydroxyl groups per molecule with (2) from 30 to 90% by weight of styrene or a mixture of styrene and one or more other low molecular weight monomers.
Extreme Anisotropy, Spectral Modification, and Intensity Enhancement in Luminescent Hyperbolic Metasurfaces (2017)

We report the demonstration of luminescent hyperbolic metasurfaces (LuHMS) fabricated from deeply subwavelength multilayer metal-semiconductor nanostructures. The LuHMS exhibit extreme polarization anisotropy of absorption and emission, modified emission spectra, and enhanced emission intensity.
Bit-level systolic array circuit for matrix vector multiplication (1983)

A bit-level systolic array for computing matrix x vector products is described. The operation is carried out on bit parallel input data words and the basic circuit takes the form of a 1-bit slice. Several bit-slice components must be connected together to form the final result, and the paper outlines two different ways in which this can be done. The basic array also has considerable potential as a stand-alone device, and its use in computing the Walsh-Hadamard transform and discrete Fourier transform operations is briefly discussed.
Prospective Multicenter Validation of Androgen Receptor Splice Variant 7 and Hormone Therapy Resistance in High-Risk Castration-Resistant Prostate Cancer: The PROPHECY Study (2019)

Detection of AR-V7 in CTCs by two blood-based assays is independently associated with shorter PFS and OS with abiraterone or enzalutamide, and such men with mCRPC should be offered alternative treatments.
Targeted capture enrichment followed by NGS: development and validation of a single comprehensive NIPT for chromosomal aneuploidies, microdeletion syndromes and monogenic diseases (2019)

We present a NIPT for aneuploidies, microdeletions, and monogenic disorders. To our knowledge this is the first time that such a comprehensive NIPT is available for clinical implementation.
Using local regression kernels for statistical object detection (2008)

We present a novel approach to the problem of detection of visual similarity between a template image, and patches in a given image. The method is based on the computation of a local kernel from the template, which measures the likeness of a pixel to its surroundings. This kernel is then used as a descriptor from which features are extracted and compared against analogous features from the target image. Comparison of the features extracted is carried out using canonical correlations analysis. The overall algorithm yields a scalar resemblance map (RM) which indicates the statistical likelihood of similarity between a given template and all target patches in an image being examined. Performing a statistical test on the resulting RM identifies similar objects with high accuracy and is robust to various challenging conditions such as partial occlusion, and illumination change.