gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
How Does Multiple Pregnancy Affect Maternal Mortality and Morbidity? (1998)

SENAT, MARIE-VICTOIRE MD; ANCEL, PIERRE-YVES MD; BOUVIER-COLLE, MARIE-HELENE PhD; BRÉART, GERARD MD Author Information
Uniform All-Integer Quantization for Irregular LDPC Decoder (2009)

In this paper, we present a uniform all-integer quantization for irregular LDPC decoder. The LLR values at the variable nodes and the check nodes are mapped to integer with their integer part of their value directly. Variable nodes are quantized to 6-bit integer and check nodes are quantized to 4-bit integer after the input channel messages are scaled up, and at a given iteration number the messages are scaled down. A lookup table is used to store the configuration parameters for quantization, and the hardware architecture of quantization is proposed. Simulations of (3048,7493) show the performance is better than the floating point in normalized min-sum and close to floating point in offset min-sum. The uniform all-integer quantization is easy to be implemented and does not require the floating point operations and so reduces the hardware complexity and lower power.
Minimum stopping distance for linear control of an automatic car-following system (1996)

Linearized longitudinal dynamics of an automatic car-following system are analyzed to determine the minimum headway required to avoid collisions. We determine the linear controller with multiple control factors that satisfy all of the system constraints and have a minimum stopping distance. The constraints are stability, no oscillations, and the control forces remaining within a specified physical limitation of the vehicle. Numerical results show that a linear controller that satisfies all of the system constraints requires a large headway in order to avoid collisions when subject to extreme initial conditions. The results indicate the need for a nonlinear controller if collisions are to be avoided with proposed small headways.
Towards Automatic Performance and Scalability Testing of Rich Internet Applications in the Cloud (2011)

The emergence of asynchronous techniques for building interactive web applications has led to the development of Rich Internet Applications (RIAs). RIAs offer greatly enhanced usability and the ability to deliver rich dynamic content. However, due to the widespread use of RIAs, there is a need to develop and test highly scalable RIAs. Furthermore, cloud computing introduces new opportunities for ensuring and extending performance and scalability of RIAs. This has necessitated the need to devise effective ways for doing automatic performance and scalability testing of RIAs. In this paper, we describe different problems and challenges in automatic performance and scalability testing of RIAs. We then propose the ASTORIA framework as a novel solution to the identified problems and challenges. The effectiveness of our proposed approach is demonstrated by building a working prototype for ASTORIA and by using it for conducting experiments.
Right-handed alternating DNA conformation: poly(dA-dT) adopts the same dinucleotide repeat with cesium, tetraalkylammonium, and 3 alpha, 5 beta, 17 beta-dipyrrolidinium steroid dimethiodide cations in aqueous solution. (1981)

We demonstrate that poly(dA-dT) can adopt two conformations in solution, with the relative proportions dependent on the nature and concentration of the counter ion and cationic ligands. The synthetic DNA exhibits a dinucleotide repeat conformation on addition of CsF and Me4NCl at molar concentrations, with the NMR spectral changes reflecting a common conformational change at one glycosidic torsion angle and one phosphodiester linkage. We also observe the same dinucleotide repeat in the neighbor-exclusion 3 alpha, 17 beta-dipyrrolidin-1'-yl-5 beta- delta 9,11-androstene dimethiodide (3 alpha, 5 beta, 17 beta-dipyrandenium) complex, with the steroid diammonium ligand binding in the groove of the stacked poly(dA-dT) duplex and the complex stabilized through the interaction of one of the charged ends with the backbone phosphate. We demonstrate further that 3 alpha, 5 beta, 17 beta-dipyrandenium bound to poly(dA-dT) at low binding ratios induces a switch to the dinucleotide repeat conformation at adjacent steroid-free duplex regions. This observation contrasts with a previous demonstration that the diastereoisomeric 3 beta, 5 alpha, 17 beta-dipyrandium binds to poly(dA-dT) by partial insertion between unstacked tilted base pairs. The NMR parameters rule out a left-handed alternating DNA structure (Z DNA) for the observed poly(dA-dT) dinucleotide repeat conformation, but right-handed alternating DNA models are under consideration. The facile interconversion of poly(dA-dT) between two conformations, one of which exhibits a dinucleotide repeat and can be induced by ligand binding, may provide a mechanism for the recognition of specific nucleic acid sequences by DNA-binding proteins.
Stable white electroluminescence from single fluorene-based copolymers: using fluorenone as the green fluorophore and an iridium complex as the red phosphor on the main chain (2007)

A series of novel fluorene-based copolymers with fluorenone and an iridium complex on the main chain have been synthesized by Suzuki polycondensation, and characterized by 1H NMR, 13C NMR, and GPC. The TGA results indicate good thermal stability of the copolymers. By incorporating less than 0.15 mol% of both green-emitting fluorenone and red-emitting iridium complex into the copolymers, single copolymers with simultaneous blue-, green- and red-light emission were achieved. Electrochemical study suggests that the fluorenone and iridium complex in the copolymers could function as traps for both electrons and holes. Single-active-layer polymer light emitting devices with the configuration ITO/PEDOT/copolymer/CsF/Al have been fabricated. The device from P3 exhibits a maximum luminance efficiency of 5.50 cd A–1 with CIE coordinates of (0.32, 0.45) and a maximum luminance of 3361 cd m–2. The device from P5 shows a maximum luminance efficiency of 3.25 cd A–1 with color coordinates (0.28, 0.32) and a maximum luminance of 1015 cd m–2. The white light devices based on P4–P6 exhibit low turn-on voltages around 4.0 V, and their CIE coordinates are insensitive to the applied voltages.
Document quality models for web ad hoc retrieval (2005)

The quality of document content, which is an issue that is usually ignored for the traditional ad hoc retrieval task, is a critical issue for Web search. Web pages have a huge variation in quality relative to, for example, newswire articles. To address this problem, we propose a document quality language model approach that is incorporated into the basic query likelihood retrieval model in the form of a prior probability. Our results demonstrate that, on average, the new model is significantly better than the baseline (query likelihood model) in terms of precision at the top ranks.
SCP-2/SCP-x gene ablation alters lipid raft domains in primary cultured mouse hepatocytes (2007)

Although reverse cholesterol transport from peripheral cell types is mediated through plasma membrane microdomains termed lipid rafts, almost nothing is known regarding the existence, protein/lipid composition, or structure of these putative domains in liver hepatocytes, cells responsible for the net removal of cholesterol from the body. Lipid rafts purified from hepatocyte plasma membranes by a nondetergent affinity chromatography method were: i) present at 33 +/- 3% of total plasma membrane protein; ii) enriched in key proteins of the reverse cholesterol pathway [scavenger receptor class B type I (SR-B1), ABCA1, P-glycoprotein (P-gp), sterol carrier protein-2 (SCP-2)]; iii) devoid of caveolin-1; iv) enriched in cholesterol, sphingomyelin, GM1, and phospholipids low in polyunsaturated fatty acid and double bond index; and v) exhibited an intermediate liquid-ordered lipid phase with significant transbilayer fluidity gradient. Ablation of the gene encoding SCP-2 significantly altered lipid rafts to: i) increase the proportion of lipid rafts present, thereby increasing raft total content of ABCA1, P-gp, and SR-B1; ii) increase total phospholipids while decreasing GM1 in lipid rafts; iii) decrease the fluidity of lipid rafts, consistent with the increased intermediate liquid-ordered phase; and iv) abolish the lipid raft transbilayer fluidity gradient. Thus, despite the absence of caveolin-1 in liver hepatocytes, lipid rafts represented nearly one-third of the mouse hepatocyte plasma membrane proteins and displayed unique protein, lipid, and biophysical properties that were differentially regulated by SCP-2 expression.
Changes In Oxytocin and Vasopressin Secretion During Sexual Activity in Men (1987)

We measured plasma oxytocin (OT) and arginine vasopressin (AVP) concentrations in 13 normal men during sexual arousal and ejaculation. Mean plasma AVP increased from 1.4 +/- 0.2 (+/- SE) to 5.3 +/- 1.7 pmol/L (P less than 0.05) during arousal, but there was no significant change in OT. In contrast, at ejaculation mean plasma OT rose from a basal value of 1.4 +/- 0.3 to 7.3 +/- 0.6 pmol/L (P less than 0.01) and then fell to basal concentrations in 30 min. AVP, however, had returned to basal levels at the time of ejaculation and remained stable thereafter. We conclude that in man AVP is secreted during sexual arousal, and there is, subsequently, a selective release of OT at the time of ejaculation.
McClelland, David C (2013)

Abstract American social psychologist David C. McClelland was born in Mt. Vernon, New York in 1917. After completing the B.A. at Wesleyan University (1938) and M.A. (1939) at the University of Missouri, he earned the Ph.D. in experimental psychology from Yale University in 1941 and then returned to Wesleyan as a member of the psychology faculty. A Quaker who objected to military service as a matter of principle, during World War II McClelland served for a time with the American Friends Service Committee. He continued at Wesleyan until 1956, when he joined the psychology faculty at Harvard University. He remained at Harvard until his retirement in 1986, when he was named professor emeritus. Following his retirement he was named distinguished research professor at Boston University.
Scalable Synthesis of Nano-Silicon from Beach Sand for Long Cycle Life Li-ion Batteries (2014)

Herein, porous nano-silicon has been synthesized via a highly scalable heat scavenger-assisted magnesiothermic reduction of beach sand. This environmentally benign, highly abundant, and low cost SiO₂ source allows for production of nano-silicon at the industry level with excellent electrochemical performance as an anode material for Li-ion batteries. The addition of NaCl, as an effective heat scavenger for the highly exothermic magnesium reduction process, promotes the formation of an interconnected 3D network of nano-silicon with a thickness of 8-10 nm. Carbon coated nano-silicon electrodes achieve remarkable electrochemical performance with a capacity of 1024 mAhg(-1) at 2 Ag(-1) after 1000 cycles.
A novel intrusion detection system model for securing web-based database systems (2002)

Intrusion detection (ID) has become an important technology for protecting information resources and databases from malicious attacks and information leakage. This paper proposes a novel two-layer mechanism to detect intrusions against a web-based database service. Layer one builds historical profiles based on audit trails and other log data provided by the web server and database server. Pre-alarms will be triggered if anomalies occurred. Layer two makes further analysis on the pre-alarms generated from Layer one. Such methods integrates the alarm context with the alarms themselves rather than a simple "analysis in isolation". This can reduce the error rates, especially false positives and greatly improve the accuracy of intrusion detection, alarm notification and hence more effective incident handling.
Single‐Dose Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacodynamics of Sergliflozin Etabonate, a Novel Inhibitor of Glucose Reabsorption, in Healthy Volunteers and Patients With Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (2010)

Sergliflozin, the active entity of sergliflozin etabonate, is a selective inhibitor of sodium‐dependent glucose cotransporter 2 (SGLT2). The pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of sergliflozin were evaluated following single oral dose administration of sergliflozin etabonate (5–500 mg) in healthy volunteers (n = 22) and patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (n = 8). The prodrug was rapidly and extensively converted to sergliflozin; the latter displayed linear kinetics, reached maximum plasma concentrations at ∼30 to 45 minutes postdose (t max ), and had a plasma elimination half‐life (t 1/2 ) of ∼0.5 to 1 hour. Both prodrug and active entity showed low glomerular filtration and/or extensive renal tubular reabsorption, with <0.5% of the administered dose being recovered in the urine. In both populations, sergliflozin etabonate produced a dose‐related glucosuria under fasting conditions and following glucose loading but did not appreciably affect urinary electrolyte excretion or fluid balance. The magnitude and duration of the glucosuric effect closely paralleled plasma sergliflozin concentrations. Sergliflozin did not significantly affect fasting plasma glucose levels but produced transient attenuation of the plasma glucose AUC following glucose challenge. Single doses of sergliflozin etabonate 5 to 500 mg were well tolerated, and there were no clinically significant adverse laboratory findings.
Novel Two-Switch-Based Switched Reluctance Motor Drive for Low-Cost High-Volume Applications (2009)

This paper presents a low-cost energy-efficient variable-speed drive for high-volume applications, such as home appliances, fans, and hand tools. A new low-cost power converter is proposed, and the drive system is realized using a two-phase switched reluctance motor and the proposed converter. The motor is capable of self-starting at any rotor position and four-quadrant operation. The converter is unique in that it has two capacitors for the energization of each phase and uses the main phase winding as energy storage for the secondary capacitor C2. The converter employs a single-switch-per-phase configuration, hence requiring only two controllable switching devices in total. The converter is inherently suited for two-phase motors having asymmetric stator phases to realize self-starting and speed reversal. Simple starting and C2 voltage control schemes are presented. This paper describes the analysis, modeling, control algorithm, and design considerations for a prototype drive system. Experimental verification and correlation with simulation results are presented. The proposed drive system offers a low-cost brushless variable-speed drive that is a potential alternative for conventional brush-commutator motors in high-volume applications.
Rac1 and RhoA as regulators of endothelial phenotype and barrier function in hypoxia-induced neonatal pulmonary hypertension (2006)

Hypoxia is a common cause of persistent pulmonary hypertension in the newborn (PPHN), a condition associated with endothelial dysfunction and abnormal pulmonary vascular remodeling. The GTPase RhoA has been implicated in the pathogenesis of PPHN, but its contribution to endothelial remodeling and function is not known. We studied pulmonary artery endothelial cells (PAECs) taken from piglets with chronic hypoxia-induced pulmonary hypertension and from healthy animals and analyzed the roles of Rho GTPases in the regulation of the endothelial phenotype and function under basal normoxic conditions, acute hypoxia, and reoxygenation. The activities of RhoA, Rac1, and Cdc42 were correlated with changes in the endothelial cytoskeleton, adherens junctions, permeability, ROS production, VEGF levels, and activities of transcription factors hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF)-1alpha and NF-kappaB. Adenoviral gene transfer was used to express dominant-negative GTPases, kinase-dead p21-activated kinase (PAK)-1, and constitutively activated Rac1 in cells. PAECs from pulmonary hypertensive piglets had a stable abnormal phenotype with a sustained reduction in Rac1 activity and an increase in RhoA activity, which correlated with an increase in actin stress fiber formation, increased permeability, and a decrease in VEGF and ROS production. Cells from pulmonary hypertensive animals were still able to respond to acute hypoxia. They also showed high activities of HIF-1alpha and NF-kappaB, likely to result from changes in the activities of Rho GTPases. Activation of Rac1 and its effector PAK-1 as well as inhibition of RhoA restored the abnormal phenotype and permeability of hypertensive PAECs to normal.
A low-parametric rhombic microstructure family for irregular lattices (2020)

New fabrication technologies have significantly decreased the cost of fabrication of shapes with highly complex geometric structure. One important application of complex fine-scale geometric structures is to create variable effective elastic material properties in shapes manufactured from a single material. Modification of material properties has a variety of uses, from aerospace applications to soft robotics and prosthetic devices. Due to its scalability and effectiveness, an increasingly common approach to creating spatially varying materials is to partition a shape into cells and use a parametric family of small-scale geometric structures with known effective properties to fill the cells. We propose a new approach to solving this problem for extruded, planar microstructures. Differently from existing methods for two-scale optimization based on regular grids with square periodic cells, which cannot conform to an arbitrary boundary, we introduce cell decompositions consisting of (nearly) rhombic cells. These meshes have far greater flexibility than those with square cells in terms of approximating arbitrary shapes, and, at the same time, have a number of properties simplifying small-scale structure construction. Our main contributions include a new family of 2D cell geometry structures, explicitly parameterized by their effective Young's moduli E , Poisson's ratios v , and rhombic angle α with the geometry parameters expressed directly as smooth spline functions of E, v , and α. This family leads to smooth transitions between the tiles and can handle a broad range of rhombic cell shapes. We introduce a complete material design pipeline based on this microstructure family, composed of an algorithm to generate rhombic tessellation from quadrilateral meshes and an algorithm to synthesize the microstructure geometry. We fabricated a number of models and experimentally demonstrated how our method, in combination with material optimization, can be used to achieve the desired deformation behavior.
Low-cost instant CO generation at room temperature using formic acid, mesyl chloride and triethylamine (2016)

A simple and robust method for instant carbon monoxide generation at room temperature using easily accessible standard lab chemicals: formic acid, mesyl chloride and triethylamine.
Draft Genome Sequence of Streptomyces iranensis (2014)

Streptomyces iranensis HM 35 has been shown to exhibit 72.7% DNA-DNA similarity to the important drug rapamycin (sirolimus)-producing Streptomyces rapamycinicus NRRL5491. Here, we report the genome sequence of HM 35, which represents a partially overlapping repertoire of secondary metabolite gene clusters with S. rapamycinicus, including the gene cluster for rapamycin biosynthesis.
Potential of antibody–drug conjugates (ADCs) for cancer therapy (2022)

The primary purpose of ADCs is to increase the efficacy of anticancer medications by minimizing systemic drug distribution and targeting specific cells. Antibody conjugates (ADCs) have changed the way cancer is treated. However, because only a tiny fraction of patients experienced long-term advantages, current cancer preclinical and clinical research has been focused on combination trials. The complex interaction of ADCs with the tumor and its microenvironment appear to be reliant on the efficacy of a certain ADC, all of which have significant therapeutic consequences. Several clinical trials in various tumor types are now underway to examine the potential ADC therapy, based on encouraging preclinical results. This review tackles the potential use of ADCs in cancer therapy, emphasizing the essential processes underlying their positive therapeutic impacts on solid and hematological malignancies. Additionally, opportunities are explored to understand the mechanisms of ADCs action, the mechanism of resistance against ADCs, and how to overcome potential resistance following ADCs administration. Recent clinical findings have aroused interest, leading to a large increase in the number of ADCs in clinical trials. The rationale behind ADCs, as well as their primary features and recent research breakthroughs, will be discussed. We then offer an approach for maximizing the potential value that ADCs can bring to cancer patients by highlighting key ideas and distinct strategies.
The N<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub> Porphyrinogen Skeleton:  Access to a Novel Class of Coordinatively Unsaturated Transition Metal Ions (1996)

A porphyrinogen skeleton has been devised for preparing a linear dicoordinating dianionic ligand within a tridimensional cavity. Its sodium derivative allows access to a novel class of coordinatively unsaturated transition metal ions.
Giraffe: Using Deep Reinforcement Learning to Play Chess (2015)

This report presents Giraffe, a chess engine that uses self-play to discover all its domain-specific knowledge, with minimal hand-crafted knowledge given by the programmer. Unlike previous attempts using machine learning only to perform parameter-tuning on hand-crafted evaluation functions, Giraffe's learning system also performs automatic feature extraction and pattern recognition. The trained evaluation function performs comparably to the evaluation functions of state-of-the-art chess engines - all of which containing thousands of lines of carefully hand-crafted pattern recognizers, tuned over many years by both computer chess experts and human chess masters. Giraffe is the most successful attempt thus far at using end-to-end machine learning to play chess.