gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Adaptive document image thresholding using foreground and background clustering (2002)

Two algorithms for document image thresholding are presented, that are suitable for scanning document images at high-speed. They are designed to operate on a portion of the image while scanning the document, thus, they fit a pipeline architecture and lend themselves to real-time implementation. The first algorithm is based on adaptive thresholding and uses local edge information to switch between global thresholding and adaptive local thresholding determined from the statistics of a local image window. The second thresholding algorithm is based on tracking the foreground and background levels using clustering based on a variant of the K-means algorithm. The two approaches may be used independently or may be combined for improved performance. Results are presented illustrating the algorithms' performance for document and pictorial images.
Improving efficiencies of flood forecasting during lead times: an operational method and its application in the Baiyunshan Reservoir (2018)

Abstract Accurate and reliable flood forecasting plays an important role in flood control, reservoir operation, and water resources management. Conventional hydrological parameter calibration is based on an objective function without consideration for forecast performance during lead-time periods. A novel objective function, i.e., minimizing the sum of the squared errors between forecasted and observed streamflow during multiple lead times, is proposed to calibrate hydrological parameters for improved forecasting. China's Baiyunshan Reservoir basin was selected as a case study, and the Xinanjiang model was used. The proposed method provided better results for peak flows, in terms of the value and occurrence time, than the conventional method. Specifically, the qualified rate of peak flow for 4-, 5-, and 6-h lead times in the proposed method were 69.2%, 53.8%, and 38.5% in calibration, and 60%, 40%, and 20% in validation, respectively. This compares favorably with the corresponding values for the conventional method, which were 53.8%, 15.4%, and 7.7% in calibration, and 20%, 20%, and 0% in validation, respectively. Uncertainty analysis revealed that the proposed method caused less parameter uncertainty than the conventional method. Therefore, the proposed method is effective in improving the performance during multiple lead times for flood mitigation.
Design of a Device to Exercise Hip Extensor Muscles in Children with Cerebral Palsy (1993)

Children with cerebral palsy (CP) often have weak hip extensor muscles and gait-related difficulties. Current therapeutic techniques do not provide sufficient exercise for this muscle group. In addition to calisthenics, therapists use a traditional tricycle to strengthen leg muscles, yet the mechanics of traditional tricycles are not effective in exercising hip extensor muscles. A new therapeutic tricycle was designed specifically to exercise the hip extensor muscles, and tests compared the traditional tricycle to the new hip extensor tricycle in effectiveness of promoting hip extensor activity in two subjects without CP. The tests demonstrated that the hip extensor tricycle was more effective in promoting hip extensor activity. Tests are underway to investigate the effect of the hip extensor tricycle in improving hip extensor strength and gait in patients with cerebral palsy. This paper describes the design of the hip extensor tricycle and a preliminary investigation of its effectiveness.
Localized temperature stability in Low Temperature Cofired Ceramics (LTCC). (2012)

The base dielectrics of commercial low temperature cofired ceramics (LTCC) systems have a temperature coefficient of resonant frequency ({tau}{sub f}) in the range -50 {approx} -80 ppm/C. In this research we explored a method to realize zero or near zero {tau}{sub f} resonators by incorporating {tau}{sub f} compensating materials locally into a multilayer LTCC structure. To select composition for {tau}{sub f} adjustment, {tau}{sub f} compensating materials with different amount of titanates were formulated, synthesized, and characterized. Chemical interactions and physical compatibility between the {tau}{sub f} modifiers and the host LTCC dielectrics were investigated. Studies on stripline (SL) resonator panels with multiple compensating dielectrics revealed that: 1) compositions using SrTiO{sub 3} provide the largest {tau}{sub f} adjustment among titanates, 2) the {tau}{sub f} compensation is proportional to the amount of SrTiO{sub 3} in compensating materials, as well as the thickness of the compensating layer, and 3) the most effective {tau}{sub f} compensation is achieved when the compensating dielectric is integrated next to the SL. Using the effective dielectric constant of a heterogeneous layered dielectric structure, results from Method of Momentum (MoM) electromagnetic simulations are consistent with the experimental observations.
Linear space-time multiuser receivers for wireless CDMA systems (2002)

We derive and evaluate the performance of two minimum mean-squared error (MMSE) multiuser multi-antenna detectors for multipath channels. We consider the case of synchronous BPSK data signals for which the two detectors differ in the order of the "real" operation (r) and the linear transformation (T) for mitigating multi-access interference. In the adaptive implementations of these detectors, the Tr detector does not require prior channel estimates whereas the rT does. We show that as the noise floor vanishes, these MMSE detectors are equivalent to respective rT and Tr decorrelating (zero-forcing) detectors. If the channel parameters are known exactly, we show that the performance of the rT decorrelating detector uniformly outperforms the Tr decorrelator. Semi-analytic results demonstrate the capacity gains achieved using these multiantenna detectors.
Enhancement of visual scoring of skin irritant reactions using cross‐polarized light and parallel‐polarized light (2008)

Low (subclinical) levels of irritation can be detected using enhanced visual scoring, indicating this non-invasive method has the potential to increase the sensitivity of our clinical studies.
Development of potassium-selective ion-sensitive field-effect transistor (ISFET) by depositing ionophoric crown ether membrane on the gate dielectric, and its application to the determination of Κ+-ion concentrations in blood serum (2007)

This paper reports the fabrication and characterization of potassium ISFET (ion-sensitive field-effect transistor) by deposition of a crown ether layer on the gate. This ISFET is referred to as potassium MEMFET (membrane field-effect transistor) or potassium-selective MEMFET device. Calibration of ISFET in standard KCI solutions has shown that the sensitivity of crown ether-ISFET towards potassium (2.3 mV/mg/L) was approximately double that of the nitride-gate ISFET (1 mV/mg/L) in the 100-400 mg/L range. The mechanism of ISFET potassium sensitivity enhancement by the ionophoric crown ether layer on the gate has been explained. Use of the device for potassium concentration measurements in human blood serum has been demonstrated. The distribution of potassium ion concentrations (151-210 mg/L) in a series of human blood serum samples has been determined from the reference value obtained by atomic absorption spectroscopy and the ISFET sensitivity measured with KCI solutions. These diluted samples showed a constant pH∼ 7.0-7.1, confirming the maintenance of pH within close tolerance by the human body; therefore any errors due to pH variation amongst the samples were eliminated. Sensitivity of the ISFET with/without crown ether coating on the gate towards sodium ions (0.34 mV/mg/L) has been found to be comparatively less than that of the crown ether ISFET for potassium, showing that sodium ions in blood serum do not interfere with the measurements.
Purification and characterization of a highly purified human factor VIII consisting of a single type of polypeptide chain. (1982)

Human factor VIII was purified 350,000-fold (relative to plasma) from a commercial factor VIII concentrate. The procedure used standard protein separation techniques and was performed in the absence of protease inhibitors. The product has a specific activity of 4,900 units/mg, an activity-to-antigen ratio of 75:1 (unit/unit) and no more than 0.1% von Willebrand protein. Electrophoresis of the reduced protein in a denaturing polyacrylamide gel showed a single major band of Mr 100,000. Procoagulant activity was eluted from a nondenaturing gel after electrophoresis in the region of the single major band. Thrombin converted the Mr 100,000 polypeptide to a polypeptide of Mr 75,000. The procoagulant activity was increased 10-fold by thrombin or factor Xa and was completely inhibited by activated protein C or factor VIII inhibitor plasma. This factor VIII preparation consists of a single high molecular weight polypeptide chain and has the highest specific activity thus far reported for human factor VIII.
Improved Hidden-Markov-Model Method Of Detecting Faults (1994)

Method of automated, continuous monitoring to detect faults in complicated dynamic system based on hidden-Markov-model (HMM) approach. Simpler than another, recently proposed HMM method, but retains advantages of that method, including low susceptibility to false alarms, no need for mathematical model of dynamics of system under normal or faulty conditions, and ability to detect subtle changes in characteristics of monitored signals. Examples of systems monitored by use of this method include motors, turbines, and pumps critical in their applications; chemical-processing plants; powerplants; and biomedical systems.
Reinforcement learning system to mitigate small-cell interference through directionality (2017)

Beam-steering techniques using directional antennas are expected to play an important role in wireless network capacity expansion through ubiquitous small-cell deployment. However, integrating directional antennas into the existing wireless PHY and MAC stack of small cells has been challenging due to the added protocol overhead and lack of a robust antenna beam selection technique that can adapt well to environmental changes. This paper presents the design, implementation, and evaluation of LinkPursuit, a novel learning protocol for distributed antenna state selection in directional small-cell networks. LinkPursuit relies on reconfigurable antennas and a synchronous TimeDivision Multiple Access (TDMA) MAC to achieve simultaneous directional transmission and reception. Further, the system employs a practical antenna selection protocol based on the well known adaptive pursuit algorithm from the reinforcement learning literature. We implement a realtime prototype of LinkPursuit on the WARP platform and conduct extensive experiments to evaluate its performance. The empirical results show that appropriate use of directionality in LinkPursuit can result in higher network sum rates than omnidirectional transmission under various degrees of cross-link interference.
Chemical instability induced by a differential flow (1992)

A new kind of instability is predicted for a system involving activator and inhibitor kinetics in a reactive flow. It is shown that a differential flow of activator and inhibitor, achievable, e.g., by selectively binding one component to a support, can destabilize the spatially homogeneous state of the system in a similar way as differential diffusivity does in the case of the Turing instability. The differential-flow-induced chemical instability is of the traveling-wave type. It is free from the restrictions of the Turning instability on the diffusion coefficients and can thus be expected to occur in a wide variety of physical, chemical, biological, and sociobiological systems.
A Rad-Hard, Steady-State, Digital Imaging Bolometer System (1997)

The concept and design of a new type of bolometer system which can function with excellent spatial resolution and good time resolution in the next generation of long-pulse (or steady-state), harsh-neutron environment, fusion plasmas, is outlined. It uses a cooled pinhole camera design, employing a robust, passive, segmented radiation absorber, cooled from the back-side. Infrared emission from the absorber’s front surface is relayed by metal mirror optics to a shielded, high-resolution IR video camera with ±0.01 C temperature resolution. The system is readily capable of making thousands of simultaneous “pixel ” measurements at up to 50-60 Hz, with no wire leads through the vacuum interface. 1.
Automatic, geologic layer-constrained well-seismic tie through blocked dynamic warping (2017)

Well-log-to-seismic tying is a key step in many interpretation workflows for oil and gas exploration. Synthetic seismic traces from the wells are often manually tied to seismic data; this process can be very time consuming and, in some cases, inaccurate. Automatic methods, such as dynamic time warping (DTW), can match synthetic traces to seismic data. Although these methods are extremely fast, they tend to create interval velocities that are not geologically realistic. We have described the modification of DTW to create a blocked dynamic warping (BDW) method. BDW generates an automatic, optimal well tie that honors geologically consistent velocity constraints. Consequently, it results in updated velocities that are more realistic than other methods. BDW constrains the updated velocity to be constant or linearly variable inside each geologic layer. With an optimal correlation between synthetic seismograms and surface seismic data, this algorithm returns an automatically updated time-depth curve and an updated interval velocity model that still retains the original geologic velocity boundaries. In other words, the algorithm finds the optimal solution for tying the synthetic to the seismic data while restricting the interval velocity changes to coincide with the initial input blocking. We have determined the application of the BDW technique on a synthetic data example and field data set.
TRANSMISSION OF PENILE CUFF PRESSURE TO THE PENILE URETHRA (2001)

We demonstrated that pressure transmission from cuff to urethra is optimal at a cuff width of 40 to 50 mm. and recommended this width for other investigations of noninvasive bladder pressure measurement.
Hollow-core waveguides and 2-D waveguide arrays for integrated optics of gases and liquids (2005)

We present integrated antiresonant reflecting optical (ARROW) structures with hollow cores as a new paradigm for integrated optics with gases and liquids. ARROW waveguides with micrometer-sized hollow cores allow for single-mode propagation in low-index nonsolid core materials where conventional index guiding is impossible. Fabrication methods and considerations are described, and measurements of the core-size dependence of the waveguide loss are presented. We analyze the dependence of waveguide loss in hollow-core ARROW waveguides on polarization, shape, and wavelength. We propose two-dimensional hybrid device geometries using solid and nonsolid core ARROWs and show that they can form the basis of integrated fluorescence and Raman sensors. We derive the design principles for simultaneous low-loss propagation in both waveguides and efficient cross-coupling between waveguides.
Agonist‐inverse agonist characterization at CB<sub>1</sub> and CB<sub>2</sub> cannabinoid receptors of L759633, L759656 and AM630 (1999)

We have tested our prediction that AM630 is a CB2 cannabinoid receptor ligand and also investigated whether L759633 and L759656, are CB2 receptor agonists. Binding assays with membranes from CHO cells stably transfected with human CB1 or CB2 receptors using [3H]-CP55940, confirmed the CB2-selectivity of L759633 and L759656 (CB2/CB1 affinity ratios = 163 and 414 respectively) and showed AM630 to have a Ki at CB2 receptors of 31.2 nM and a CB2/CB1 affinity ratio of 165. In CB2-transfected cells, L759633 and L759656 were potent inhibitors of forskolin-stimulated cyclic AMP production, with EC50 values of 8.1 and 3.1 nM respectively and CB1/CB2 EC50 ratios of > 1000 and > 3000 respectively. AM630 inhibited [35S]-GTPgammaS binding to CB2 receptor membranes (EC50 = 76.6 nM), enhanced forskolin-stimulated cyclic AMP production in CB2-transfected cells (5.2 fold by 1 microM), and antagonized the inhibition of forskolin-stimulated cyclic AMP production in this cell line induced by CP55940. In CB1-transfected cells, forskolin-stimulated cyclic AMP production was significantly inhibited by AM630 (22.6% at 1 microM and 45.9% at 10 microM) and by L759633 at 10 microM (48%) but not 1 microM. L759656 (10 microM) was not inhibitory. AM630 also produced a slight decrease in the mean inhibitory effect of CP55940 on cyclic AMP production which was not statistically significant. We conclude that AM630 is a CB2-selective ligand that behaves as an inverse agonist at CB2 receptors and as a weak partial agonist at CB1 receptors. L759633 and L759656 are both potent CB2-selective agonists.
Determining How Different Plunger Manufacture Features Affect Plunger Fall Velocity (2003)

Abstract Tracking the fall of the plunger down the tubing can be used to optimize the operation of plunger lifted wells. Acoustic fluid level instruments can be used on plunger lifted wells to acquire a series of plunger/fluid level soundings and/or to record the acoustic signal produced as the plunger falls down the tubing. Five different data acquisition and analysis methods can be used to monitor the position of the plunger, as the plunger falls down the tubing during the controller’s shut- in time period. The acquired data is used to determine the 1) fall velocity of the plunger 2) depth to the plunger and 3) time for the plunger to fall to fluid. Results acquired from field case studies from 15 sessions at various wells are used to correlate the various construction features of different types of plungers with their fall velocity. Some construction features cause a plunger to fall rapidly through the tubing, while other features cause the plunger to have a slow fall velocity. By accurately measuring the plunger fall velocity, the proper shut-in time for the plunger lift installation can be determined. The plunger trace measurements will ensure that the plunger has reached the fluid at the bottom of the tubing by the end of the shut-in period. Setting the well’s controller to have the shortest possible shut-in time period to allow the plunger to fall to bottom can maximize oil and gas production from plunger lift installations.
HSP 90, yeasts and<i>Corynebacterium jeikeium</i> (1991)

Recovery from disseminated candidosis is associated with seroconversion to a 47 kDa breakdown product of the Heat Shock Protein (HSP) 90 of Candida albicans. Cloning, sequencing and epitope mapping has allowed the delineation of the immunodominant epitopes LKVIRKNIVKKMIE and STDEPAGESA. Monoclonal and polyclonal antibodies specific to these epitopes are used to show that all strains of C. albicans tested produce HSP 90 in both the yeast and mycelial phases. Homologous proteins are demonstrated in Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Candida parapsilosis and Corynebacterium jeikeium but not in Torulopsis glabrata. Evidence is presented for the existence of two distinct HSP 90s in C. albicans. The first of these is expressed constitutively whilst the second is produced on heat shocking the yeast from 23 to 37 degrees C.
Non-hyperbolic term estimation for VTI inversion from walkaway VSP and surface seismic data (2011)

PreviousNext No Access12th International Congress of the Brazilian Geophysical Society & EXPOGEF, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, 15–18 August 2011Non-hyperbolic term estimation for VTI inversion from walkaway VSP and surface seismic dataAuthors: Emil BliasEmil BliasVSFusionhttps://doi.org/10.1190/sbgf2011-437 SectionsAboutPDF/ePub ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinked InRedditEmail Abstract Walkaway VSP data provides information for interval anisotropic parameter estimates for transverse isotropy with vertical symmetry axis (VTI). For any depth tomographic/migration velocity analysis, we need an adequate initial depth velocity model. Dix-type approach provides us with explicit inversion formulas for velocity model estimation. To estimate these interval parameters, using Dix-type inversion approach, we need to estimate non-hyperbolic term of NMO function. In walkaway VSP data, NMO function can be obtained from first breaks, while in surface seismic it is estimated through non-hyperbolic semblance analysis. In both cases, determination of non-hyperbolic term is the most unstable procedure in interval VTI inversion. Because exact explicit formula for reflected time in a layered (even isotropic) media is unknown, we have to use some approximation. Different approximations have different accuracy in different geology. Here we investigate accuracy of different approximations on four models with weak and strong anisotropy and modest and large vertical velocity changes. Keywords: VSP, VTI, seismic, inversion, velocity, NMOPermalink: https://doi.org/10.1190/sbgf2011-437FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails 12th International Congress of the Brazilian Geophysical Society & EXPOGEF, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, 15–18 August 2011ISSN (online):2159-6832Copyright: 2011 Pages: 2223 publication data© 2011 Published in electronic format with permission by the Brazilian Geophysical SocietyPublisher:Society of Exploration Geophysicists HistoryPublished Online: 13 Mar 2014 CITATION INFORMATION Emil Blias, (2011), "Non-hyperbolic term estimation for VTI inversion from walkaway VSP and surface seismic data," SEG Global Meeting Abstracts : 2102-2105. https://doi.org/10.1190/sbgf2011-437 Plain-Language Summary KeywordsVSPVTIseismicinversionvelocityNMOPDF DownloadLoading ...
Beamforming for a microphone array embedded in asymmetrically shaped objects (2003)

Broadband frequency invariant beamforming for circular arrays or linear arrays are quite common but not when they are embedded in a diffracting structure. Meyer [J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 109, 185–193 (2001)] describes arrays embedded in a diffracting sphere, and provides an analytical solution for the wave equation in acoustics. For arrays of simple shape like circular rings embedded in a more complex shape one must make use of numerical methods (e.g., boundary element methods). Microphone arrays in shapes that are not symmetric or axisymmetric can also be solved this way but result in very asymmetrical beams. One example of such an obstacle is a telephone incorporating a microphone array. This presentation will show results from simulations and measurements of a six-microphone array. A design approach to obtain reasonably well behaved beams relies on constrained optimization, with a constraint build using a set of vectors containing the sensor signal for acoustic waves with specific directions of arrival. [Work supported in part by Carleton University.]
A novel co-decoding scheme to reduce memory in MPEG-2 MP@ML decoder (2002)

This paper presents an encoding algorithm which allows a main profile main level MPEG-2 decoder to reduce the external dedicated memory. Typically, for most TV applications, a 16 Mbit SDRAM is needed, but using a new compression approach it is possible to reduce this amount of memory to less than 8 Mbits for PAL sequences. The REMPEG50 (reduced memory MPEG decoder and 50% frame compression) is a modified architecture of a MPEG-2 decoder that needs only one half of the external memory while keeping a full compatibility with the standard MPEG-2 decoder. When compared to a "pure" MPEG-2 decompression scheme, this shows a very good trade-off between loss of MPEG-2 quality over different bit rates and overall increased complexity.