gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
DNA methylation gene-based models indicating independent poor outcome in prostate cancer (2014)

Methylation of 13 genes was analysed in 367 men with localised prostate cancer who were conservatively treated and stratified with respect to death from prostate cancer and those who survived or died of other causes. Of the 13 genes analysed, differential methylation of HSPB1, CCND2 and DPYS provided independent prognostic information. Assessment of gene-methylation may provide independent objective information that can be used to segregate prostate cancers at diagnosis into predicted behavioural groups.
ChemInform Abstract: ELECTROCHEMICAL REMOVAL AND CONCENTRATION OF HYDROGEN SULFIDE FROM COAL GAS (1984)

Abstract Die Anwendbarkeit einer elektrochemischen Membrankonzentrationskette zur Entfernung und Konzentrierung von H25 aus Steinkohlegas wird demonstriert.
Design and testing of a high temperature superconducting current lead (1991)

The high critical temperature and low thermal conductivity of the ceramic superconductor Y-Ba-Cu-O were utilized to reduce the Joule heating and the heat leak in a vapor-cooled current lead design of nominally 1-kA capacity. The lead consists of a lower superconducting part and an upper normal metal (copper) part. The superconducting part is an assembly of 20 rectangular bars fabricated from a composite of Y-Ba-Cu-O and Ag (15% vol.). This part is designed to operate below the critical temperature of the ceramic superconductor. The copper part, consisting of 20 copper wires, extends outside of the cryostat and interfaces to the room-temperature power supply. The lead was successfully tested in a liquid-helium cryostat for currents up to 2 kA. At the optimum operating currents of 1.7-1.8 kA, the helium boil-off measurements show heat leak reduction of approximately 40% from the conventional designs. Details of the design, fabrication issues, and the testing are presented.
An Octave-Range, Watt-Level, Fully-Integrated CMOS Switching Power Mixer Array for Linearization and Back-Off-Efficiency Improvement (2009)

The power mixer array is presented as a novel power generation approach for non-constant envelope signals. It comprises several power mixer units that are dynamically turned on and off to improve the linearity and back-off efficiency. At the circuit level, the power mixer unit can operate as a switching amplifier to achieve high peak power efficiency. Additional circuit level linearization and back-off efficiency improvement techniques are also proposed. To demonstrate the feasibility of this idea, a fully-integrated octave-range CMOS power mixer array is implemented in a 130 nm CMOS process. It is operational between 1.2 GHz and 2.4 GHz and can generate an output power of +31.3 dBm into an external 50 ¿ load with a PAE of 42% and a gain compression of only 0.4 dB at 1.8 GHz. It achieves a PAE of 25%, at an average output power of +26.4 dBm, and an EVM of 4.6% with a non-constant-envelope 16 QAM signal. It can also produce arbitrary signal levels down to -70 dBm of output power with the 16 QAM-modulated signal without any RF gain control circuit.
Pulse inversion Doppler: a new method for detecting nonlinear echoes from microbubble contrast agents (1999)

A novel technique for the selective detection of ultrasound contrast agents, called pulse inversion Doppler, has been developed. In this technique, a conventional Doppler or color Doppler pulse sequence is modified by inverting every second transmit pulse. Either conventional or harmonic Doppler processing is then performed on the received echoes. In the resulting Doppler spectra, Doppler shifts from linear and nonlinear scattering are separated into two distinct regions that can be analyzed separately or combined to estimate the ratio of nonlinear to linear scattering from a region of tissue. The maximum Doppler shift that can be detected is 1/2 the normal Nyquist limit. This has the advantage over conventional harmonic Doppler that it can function over the entire bandwidth of the echo signal, thus achieving superior spatial resolution in the Doppler image. In vitro measurements comparing flowing agent and cellulose particles suggest that pulse inversion Doppler can provide 3 to 10 dB more agent to tissue contrast than harmonic imaging with similar pulses. Similar measurements suggest that broadband pulse inversion Doppler can provide up to 16 dB more contrast than broadband conventional Doppler. Nonlinear propagation effects limit the maximum contrast obtainable with both harmonic and pulse inversion Doppler techniques.
Highly Efficient Test Response Compaction Using a Hierarchical X-Masking Technique (2012)

This paper presents a highly effective compactor architecture for processing test responses with a high percentage of x-values. The key component is a hierarchical configurable masking register, which allows the compactor to dynamically adapt to and provide excellent performance over a wide range of x-densities. A major contribution of this paper is a technique that enables the efficient loading of the x-masking data into the masking logic in a parallel fashion using the scan chains. A method for eliminating the requirement for dedicated mask control signals using automated test equipment timing flexibility is also presented. The proposed compactor is especially suited to multisite testing. Experiments with industrial designs show that the proposed compactor enables compaction ratios exceeding 200x.
An Electrostatic Vibrational Mems Energy Harvester of Large Power Recovery Effctiveness Over 92% (2019)

The power-recovery effectiveness of our MEMS vibrational energy harvester has been improved to 92% of the theoretical limit by increasing the mechanical Q-factor through vacuum packaging and by enhancing the mechano-electric power conversion through a high-density electret.
Combined differential and relative pressure sensor based on a double-bridged structure (2004)

A combined differential and relative MEMS pressure sensor based on a double piezoresistive Wheatstone bridge structure is presented. The developed sensor has a conventional (inner) bridge on a micro machined membrane and a secondary (outer) bridge on the chip substrate. The double-bridge structure has previously been used e.g. in the compensation of temperature-induced errors in MEMS pressure sensors as stated in M. Akbar and M. A. Shanblatt (1992), J. J. Dziuban et al. (1994) and Young-Tae Lee and Hee-Don Seo (1995). An approach is demonstrated for a combined measurement of sensor output from inner and outer bridge, leading to the deduction of both differential and relative media pressure (with respect to atm. pressure), and a significant improvement in differential pressure sensor accuracy. Output from both bridges depends linearly on both differential and absolute media pressure. Furthermore, the sensor stress distributions involved are studied and supported by extensive 3D FEM stress analysis.
Preference Judgments for Relevance (2007)

Information retrieval systems have traditionally been evaluated over absolute judgments of relevance: each document is judged for relevance on its own, independent of other documents that may be on topic. We hypothesize that preference judgments of the form “document A is more relevant than document B” are easier for assessors to make than absolute judgments, and provide evidence for our hypothesis through a study with assessors. We then investigate methods to evaluate search engines using preference judgments. Furthermore, we show that by using inferences and clever selection of pairs to judge, we need not compare all pairs of documents in order to apply evaluation methods.
Can we revive CETP-inhibitors for the prevention of cardiovascular disease? (2022)

These findings provide a pathway for ongoing clinical development of CETP inhibitors, where the potential to play an important role in the prevention of cardiovascular disease may still be possible. The lessons learned and pathway forward for new CETP inhibitors will be reviewed.
Erythropoietin facilitates resuscitation from ventricular fibrillation by signaling protection of mitochondrial bioenergetic function in rats. (2013)

Erythropoietin activated mitochondrial protective mechanisms that helped maintain bioenergetic function enabling reversal of post-resuscitation myocardial dysfunction in the presence of dobutamine.
Towards the selection of patients requiring ICD implantation by\n automatic classification from Holter monitoring indices (2014)

The purpose of this study is to optimize the selection of prophylactic\ncardioverter defibrillator implantation candidates. Currently, the main\ncriterion for implantation is a low Left Ventricular Ejection Fraction (LVEF)\nwhose specificity is relatively poor. We designed two classifiers aimed to\npredict, from long term ECG recordings (Holter), whether a low-LVEF patient is\nlikely or not to undergo ventricular arrhythmia in the next six months. One\nclassifier is a single hidden layer neural network whose variables are the most\nrelevant features extracted from Holter recordings, and the other classifier\nhas a structure that capitalizes on the physiological decomposition of the\narrhythmogenic factors into three disjoint groups: the myocardial substrate,\nthe triggers and the autonomic nervous system (ANS). In this ad hoc network,\nthe features were assigned to each group; one neural network classifier per\ngroup was designed and its complexity was optimized. The outputs of the\nclassifiers were fed to a single neuron that provided the required probability\nestimate. The latter was thresholded for final discrimination A dataset\ncomposed of 186 pre-implantation 30-mn Holter recordings of patients equipped\nwith an implantable cardioverter defibrillator (ICD) in primary prevention was\nused in order to design and test this classifier. 44 out of 186 patients\nunderwent at least one treated ventricular arrhythmia during the six-month\nfollow-up period. Performances of the designed classifier were evaluated using\na cross-test strategy that consists in splitting the database into several\ncombinations of a training set and a test set. The average arrhythmia\nprediction performances of the ad-hoc classifier are NPV = 77% $\\pm$ 13% and\nPPV = 31% $\\pm$ 19% (Negative Predictive Value $\\pm$ std, Positive Predictive\nValue $\\pm$ std). According to our study, improving prophylactic\nICD-implantation candidate selection by automatic classification from ECG\nfeatures may be possible, but the availability of a sizable dataset appears to\nbe essential to decrease the number of False Negatives.\n
MINIMIZING 1/f NOISE IN MAGNETIC SENSORS WITH A MEMS FLUX CONCENTRATOR (2006)

New approaches offer the promise of providing energy efficient, low cost, small, and highly sensitive magnetic sensors. However, the 1/f noise of these new types of sensors is a major obstacle. Many army applications, such as detecting moving targets, require sensitivity at low frequencies. This paper reports development of a device, the MEMS flux concentrator, invented at ARL, that minimizes the effect of 1/f noise in sensors. The device accomplishes this by shifting the operating frequency to higher frequencies where 1/f noise is much lower. This shift is accomplished by modulating the magnetic field before it reaches the sensor. In our device, the magnetic sensor, a GMR sensor, is placed between flux concentrators that have been deposited on MEMS flaps. The motion of the MEMS flaps modulates the field by a factor of 3 at frequencies from 8 to 15 kHz. The MEMS flux concentrator should increase the sensitivity of many magnetic sensors by two to three orders of magnitude. An equally important benefit is that, because it is a modulation technique, it eliminates the problem of dealing with the large DC bias of most magnetoresistive sensors.
Holographic Adaptive Optics (2009)

For the last two decades adaptive optics has been used as a technique for correcting imaging applications and directed energy/laser targeting and laser communications systems affected by atmospheric turbulence. Typically these systems are bulky and limited to &lt;10 kHz due to large computing overhead and limited photon efficiencies. Moreover most use zonal wavefront sensors which cannot easily handle extreme scintillation or unexpected obscuration of a pre-set aperture. Here we present a compact, lightweight adaptive optics system that utilizes a hologram to perform an all-optical wavefront analysis that removes the need for any computer. Finally, the sensing is made on a modal basis so it is largely insensitive to scintillation and obscuration. We have constructed a prototype device and will present experimental results from our research. 1.
Whispering gallery mode optical gyroscope (2016)

Using an optical whispering gallery mode calcium fluoride resonator with 1 cm diameter and 0.2 mm thickness we have demonstrated experimentally a prototype of a passive gyroscope characterized with 0.03 deg/hr <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">1/2</sup> angle random walk and 2 deg/hr bias drift.
The Photoelectrochemical Oxidation of n‐Si in Anhydrous  HF  ‐ Acetonitrile (1993)

The photoelectrochemical oxidation and dissolution of n‐Si has been investigated in the absence of water and oxygen. Etch rates and photocurrents in an anhydrous () solution have been found to be directly proportional to light intensity up to at least 600 mW/cm2, producing a spatially selective etch rate of greater than 4 μm/min. Four electron transfer reactions per silicon molecule were observed with a quantum yield greater than 3.3 due to electron injection from high energy reaction intermediates. The electrochemical oxidation of p‐Si in results in the formation of porous silicon which electroluminesces in an aqueous solution. This shows that molecular hydrogen, and silicon‐oxygen species are not necessary in the generation of porous silicon to observe electroluminescence. In an aprotic electrolyte, where tetrabutylammonium tetrafluoroborate was used as both the supporting electrolyte and source of fluoride in , photo‐induced etching of n‐Si was observed with a quantum efficiency of 1.9. This indicates that the oxidation and dissolution mechanism of Si in can occur without protons.
Host Metabolic Response in Early Lyme Disease (2019)

Lyme disease is a tick-borne bacterial illness that occurs in areas of North America, Europe, and Asia. Early infection typically presents as generalized symptoms with an erythema migrans (EM) skin lesion. Dissemination of the pathogen <i>Borrelia burgdorferi</i> can result in multiple EM skin lesions or in extracutaneous manifestations such as Lyme neuroborreliosis. Metabolic biosignatures of patients with early Lyme disease can potentially provide diagnostic targets as well as highlight metabolic pathways that contribute to pathogenesis. Sera from well-characterized patients diagnosed with either early localized Lyme disease (ELL) or early disseminated Lyme disease (EDL), plus healthy controls (HC), from the United States were analyzed by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS). Comparative analyses were performed between ELL, or EDL, or ELL combined with EDL, and the HC to develop biosignatures present in early Lyme disease. A direct comparison between ELL and EDL was also performed to develop a biosignature for stages of early Lyme disease. Metabolic pathway analysis and chemical identification of metabolites with LC-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) demonstrated alterations of eicosanoid, bile acid, sphingolipid, glycerophospholipid, and acylcarnitine metabolic pathways during early Lyme disease. These metabolic alterations were confirmed using a separate set of serum samples for validation. The findings demonstrated that infection of humans with <i>B. burgdorferi</i> alters defined metabolic pathways that are associated with inflammatory responses, liver function, lipid metabolism, and mitochondrial function. Additionally, the data provide evidence that metabolic pathways can be used to mark the progression of early Lyme disease.
Development of Line Analysis and Real-Time Elemental Mapping System in Stem Equipped with a Two-Window Energy Filter (2001)

Abstract The ability to obtain elemental maps processed by using inelastically scattered electrons in a transmission electron microscope (TEM) or a scanning transmission electron microscope (STEM) is extremely useful in the analysis of materials, and semiconductor devices such as ULSI’s and GMR heads. Electron energy loss spectra (EELS) also give useful information not only to identify unknown materials but also to study chemical bonding states of the objective atoms. Hitachi developed an elemental mapping system, consisting of a STEM (Hitachi, HD- 2000) equipped with a two-window energy filter (Hitachi, ELV-2000), and performed realtime conventional jump-ratio images with nanometer resolution by in-situ calculation of energy-filtered signals [1]. Additional function of acquiring EELS along any lines on specimen has been developed in this system to investigate the energy loss near edge structure (ELNES). Figure 1 shows a schematic figure of the two-window energy filter, consisting of two quadrupole lenses for focusing and zooming spectra, respectively, a magnetic prism spectrometer, a deflection coil and two kinds of electron beam detectors.
Optimization of white polychromatic semiconductor lamps (2002)

A stochastic method of optimization of a white-light source that relies on additive color mixing of the emissions from colored light-emitting diodes (LEDs) was developed. The method allows for finding the optimal wavelengths of LEDs in order to obtain the best possible trade off between luminous efficacy and the general color rendering index (CRI) of the white source for an arbitrary number of primary LEDs. Optimal solid-state lamps composed of two, three, four, and five different LEDs were analyzed. We show that a dichromatic LED lamp can only provide high efficacy with a general CRI close to zero, whereas trichromatic and quadrichromatic lamps are able to cover the entire range of reasonable general CRI values. The optimization of quintichromatic LED lamps and lamps with a higher number of primary color LEDs yields a negligible benefit in improving CRI but provides for quasicontinuous spectra that might be required for special lighting needs.
Adaptive Wave-front shaping in Linear and Nonlinear Complex Media (2018)

We present wave-front-shaping (WFS) methodologies for controlling light propagation in complex nonlinear media. We demonstrate linear and nonlinear photoacoustic feedback for focusing through scattering media and control nonlinear interactions along multimode fibers.
[Chronic fatigue syndrome and herpesvirus reactivation]. (2007)

Human herpesvirus 6(HHV-6) and human herpesvirus 7(HHV-7) establish life-long latency, reactivate frequently, and are shed in saliva. To identify the factor(s) of their reactivation, we have studied the association with the reactivation and fatigue. Reactivation was examined for viral DNA by real-time PCR method. As a result, healthy adults shed the reactivated HHV-6 in the saliva during work -induced fatigue, and the copy number of HHV-6 DNA was reduced after holidays. However, no significant HHV-6 DNA increase was observed in chronic fatigue syndrome (CFS) patients. In contrast, increase of HHV-7 reactivation was observed both in the case of work-induced fatigue and CFS. These findings suggest that the amount of HHV-6 and HHV-7 reactivation can be an objective biomarker for fatigue.
Plume reduction in segmented electrode Hall thruster (2000)

A segmented electrode, which is placed at the thruster exit, is shown to affect thruster operation in several ways, whether the electrode produces low emission current or no emission current, although there appear to be advantages to the more emissive segmented electrode. Measured by plume divergence, the performance of Hall thruster operation, even with only one power supply, can approach or surpass that of nonsegmented operation over a range of parameter regimes. In particular, the low gas flow rate can exhibit low plume divergence. This allows flexibility in operation of segmented electrode thrusters in variable thrust regimes.
19-OR: Controlled-Release Mitochondrial Protonophore (CRMP) Reverses Hypertriglyceridemia and Hepatic Steatosis in Dysmetabolic Nonhuman Primates (2019)

NAFLD is estimated to affect up to one third of the general population and is a major predisposing factor in the pathogenesis of hepatic insulin resistance, NASH, and T2D. While weight loss is highly effective at reversing NAFLD, insulin resistance and T2D, it is difficult to sustain and new therapies are required. Our lab has recently developed a controlled-release mitochondrial protonophore (CRMP) that is functionally liver-targeted and promotes oxidation of hepatic triglycerides by promoting a subtle sustained increase in hepatic mitochondrial inefficiency. While we have previously demonstrated that CRMP safely reverses hypertriglyceridemia, fatty liver, and hepatic inflammation/fibrosis in diet-induced rodent models of obesity, there remains a critical need to assess the safety and efficacy in a model highly relevant to humans. Here, we evaluated the impact of CRMP treatment on hepatic mitochondrial oxidation and the reversal of hypertriglyceridemia, NAFLD, and insulin resistance in a spontaneous nonhuman primate model of NAFLD and the metabolic syndrome. Using Positional Isotopomer NMR Tracer Analysis (PINTA), we demonstrate that acute CRMP treatment (single dose of 5 mg/kg) significantly increases rates of hepatic mitochondrial fat oxidation by 40% (P&lt;0.05). Importantly, CRMP treatment (5 mg/kg/day x 6 weeks) reduced hepatic and plasma triglycerides by 20% (both P=0.05) independently of changes in body weight, food intake, body temperature or adverse reactions. Furthermore, administration of CRMP significantly reduced endogenous glucose production by 18% (P&lt;0.05), which could be attributed to a ~20% reduction in hepatic acetyl-CoA content (as assessed by whole-body βOHB turnover) and pyruvate carboxylase flux. Conclusion: These studies provide important proof-of-concept data to support the development of novel liver-targeted mitochondrial uncouplers for the treatment of NAFLD/NASH and T2D in humans. Disclosure L. Goedeke: None. V. Montalvo Romeral: None. G. Butrico: None. M. Kahn: None. S. Dufour: None. X. Zhang: None. G. Cline: None. K. Petersen: Advisory Panel; Spouse/Partner; Aegerion Pharmaceuticals, AstraZeneca, AstraZeneca, Janssen Research & Development, Merck & Co., Inc., Novo Nordisk A/S. Consultant; Spouse/Partner; Gilead Sciences, Inc. Consultant; Self; Merck & Co., Inc. Consultant; Spouse/Partner; Nimbus Discoverey. Consultant; Self; Novo Nordisk A/S. K. Chng: None. G.I. Shulman: Advisory Panel; Self; AstraZeneca, Janssen Research & Development, Merck & Co., Inc. Advisory Panel; Spouse/Partner; Merck & Co., Inc. Board Member; Self; Novo Nordisk A/S. Consultant; Self; Aegerion Pharmaceuticals, IMetabolic BioPharma Corporation, Longitude Capital, Nimbus Discovery, Inc., Staten Biotechnology B.V. Funding National Institutes of Health