gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A <i>Drosophila</i> IκB kinase complex required for Relish cleavage and antibacterial immunity (2000)

Here we report the identification of a Drosophila IkappaB kinase complex containing DmIKKbeta and DmIKKgamma, homologs of the human IKKbeta and IKKgamma proteins. We show that this complex is required for the signal-dependent cleavage of Relish, a member of the Rel family of transcriptional activator proteins, and for the activation of antibacterial immune response genes. In addition, we find that the activated DmIKK complex, as well as recombinant DmIKKbeta, can phosphorylate Relish in vitro. Thus, we propose that the Drosophila IkappaB kinase complex functions, at least in part, by inducing the proteolytic cleavage of Relish. The N terminus of Relish then translocates to the nucleus and activates the transcription of antibacterial immune response genes. Remarkably, this Drosophila IkappaB kinase complex is not required for the activation of the Rel proteins Dif and Dorsal through the Toll signaling pathway, which is essential for antifungal immunity and dorsoventral patterning during early development. Thus, a yet to be identified IkappaB kinase complex must be required for Rel protein activation via the Toll signaling pathway.
Intrinsic absorptive optical bistability in CdS (1983)

An intrinsic absorptive optical bistability is observed in the transmission of high intensity, nanosecond laser pulses through thin CdS platelets at liquid helium temperature. The bistability is due to a renormalization of the band gap which is caused by the formation of an electron hole plasma and occurs in a broad spectral range below the excitonic resonances. The switching times are in the subnanosecond range. The dependence on photon energy is investigated and discussed.
Affinity Chromatography (2000)

Abstract Affinity chromatography is a type of liquid chromatography that makes use of biological‐like interactions for the separation and specific analysis of sample components. This article discusses the basic principles behind the theory and use of this method. Various factors that are important in the development of an affinity chromatographic system are considered, such as the choice of affinity ligand, support material, immobilization method, and elution conditions. A survey of the different types of affinity chromatography is also presented; this includes bioaffinity chromatography, immunoaffinity chromatography, dye–ligand affinity chromatography, immobilized metal affinity chromatography, and analytical affinity chromatography. In addition, some areas of expected future growth are considered, such as the use of molecular imprints or aptamers as ligands in affinity columns, and the coupling of affinity chromatography with other analytical techniques.
Making sense of paradigms : the social care paradox (2014)

With a greater push to intergrate health and social care sysytems within the United Kingdom that challenge is to recognise the differing world views or paradigms that each system espuses. This short opinion piece suggests some of the challenges can be overcome.
TRPM8 mRNA Is Expressed in a Subset of Cold-Responsive Trigeminal Neurons From Rat (2003)

Recent electrophysiological studies of cultured dorsal root and trigeminal ganglion neurons have suggested that multiple ionic mechanisms underlie the peripheral detection of cold temperatures. Several candidate "cold receptors," all of them ion channel proteins, have been implicated in this process. One of the most promising candidates is TRPM8, a nonselective cationic channel expressed in a subpopulation of sensory neurons that is activated both by decreases in temperature and the cooling compound menthol. However, evidence for the expression of TRPM8 in functionally defined cold-sensitive neurons has been lacking. Here, we combine fluorometric calcium imaging of cultured rat trigeminal neurons with single-cell RT-PCR to demonstrate that there are distinct subpopulations of cold responsive neurons and that TRPM8 likely contributes to cold transduction in one of them. TRPM8 is preferentially expressed within a subset of rapidly responsive, low-threshold (approximately 30 degrees C), cold-sensitive neurons. A distinct class of slowly responsive cold-sensitive neurons that is activated at lower temperatures (approximately 20 degrees C) generally lacks detectable TRPM8 mRNA. Together with previous findings, our data support the notion that cold responsive neurons are functionally heterogeneous.
Ultra‐thin 3D Nano‐Devices from Atomic Layer Deposition on Polyimide (2014)

A new nanofabrication process for nano/micro-devices through the combination of inorganic nanomaterials from atomic layer deposition (ALD) on 3-dimensional organic polyimide substrates is developed. The first suspended ALD structures with multiple patterned suspended levels on the order of 10 nm are fabricated and results surrounding the mechanical stability of ultra-thin suspended structures are discussed.
Field Trial Proves Upgrades to Solid Expandable Tubulars (2002)

Abstract A 3,142-ft length of solid expandable openhole liner was installed successfully in a BP-operated well in November 2001. This established an industry record length and demonstrated two improvements:654 ft of liner were simultaneously expanded and pumped to the bottom of the well without the need to stop to make connections;a sliding sleeve valve permitted cement placement postexpansion prior to drill-out. These improvements delivered significant time savings and offer reduced risk plus greater flexibility in the use of solid expandable liners. This work was conducted as a technology field trial at an onshore location before trying it in the higher cost offshore environment. Key steps were taken to reduce the risks of this trial, including provisions to completely recover the expandable equipment from the well in the event of a problem. Also, risks unique to the relatively shallow depth of this installation were addressed and minimized. Introduction Expandable tubulars introduce promising solutions to some of the challenges encountered in engineering and economics of wells. A growing body of literature describes expandable tubulars mechanics, applications and field case histories.1-6 The first commercial installation of an expandable openhole liner was accomplished in November 1999. The work presented here was the 16th of 18 expandable liner installations undertaken by industry in year 2001. This paper reports fresh progress with upgrades to the knowledge and applicability of solid expandable tubulars. The concept of solid tubular expansion in wells is fundamentally proven, but as with many new technologies the commercial uptake can be slowed by end-users' concerns about risk, reliability, versatility, etc. BP's offshore operations teams have been instrumental in voicing their expectations and requirements for expandable tubulars. This in turn has enabled our drilling technology group to prioritize the goals of an onshore expandables field trials program. We believe that field trials such as the one described here are an effective way to identify areas for improvement, demonstrate progress and ultimately gain confidence that leads to faster and more efficient utilization of the new technology. Project Goals Three technical advances and a fourth technical objective were sought in this field trial: Expand more than 3,000 ft of liner. Certain deepwater drilling environments require dependable 3,000+ ft capability in order for expandable liners to be of practical use. End-users tend to view solid expandable tubulars as an unwarranted risk if success in their well entails doing something not previously accomplished. The greatest lengths run prior to this test were in the range of 2,462 ft, 2,342 ft and 2,186 ft; hence the goal was to demonstrate deployment of more than 3,000 ft length, with deepwater drilling staff present to gain first-hand experience. Expand via "scoping" technique. The term scoping describes extruding the liner off the face of the expansion cone while literally pumping the expanding liner to the bottom of the wellbore.
The obstetric and gynaecological management of women with inherited bleeding disorders – review with guidelines produced by a taskforce of UK Haemophilia Centre Doctors’ Organization (2006)

The gynaecological and obstetric management of women with inherited coagulation disorders requires close collaboration between obstetrician/gynaecologists and haematologists. Ideally these women should be managed in a joint disciplinary clinic where expertise and facilities are available to provide comprehensive assessment of the bleeding disorder and a combined plan of management. The haematologist should arrange and interpret laboratory tests and make provision for appropriate replacement therapy. These guidelines have been provided for healthcare professionals for information and guidance and it is also intended that they are readily available for women with bleeding disorders.
Beyond Precision and Recall (2018)

Fuzzy hashing algorithms provide a convenient way of summarizing in a compact form the content of files, and of looking for similarities between them. Because of this, they are widely used in the security and forensics communities to look for similarities between binary program files; one version of them, ssdeep, is the de facto standard to share information about known malware.
Investigation of <i>in situ</i> trench etching process and Bosch process for fabricating high-aspect-ratio beams for microelectromechanical systems (2002)

The etching processes and mechanisms for sidewall formation were investigated for the in situ trench etching and releasing process, using a magnetically enhanced reactive ion etcher (MERIE), and for the Bosch process, using an inductively coupled plasma (ICP) etcher. For the Bosch process, almost vertical sidewall profiles were obtained up to etching depth of ∼100 μm. The average height of the scallops on the sidewall was ∼70 nm and the average erosion underneath the mask was ∼0.4 μm, when trenches 50 μm deep were formed. This limited the fabrication capability of small feature sized microelectromechanical system structures of less than ∼1 μm. For the in situ processes using MERIE, the reactive ion etching (RIE) lag was significant when the etching depth reached ∼50 μm. The RIE lag was significantly reduced when the ICP was used at pressure below 50 mTorr. Scallops and undercuts were not observed when the in situ process was used. Anger electron spectroscopy and x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy analysis revealed that the sidewall passivation layer from the in situ process consisted of SiOx (1&lt;x&lt;2, where x varies with sidewall thickness) and small amount of F.
Design, Synthesis, and Antifungal Activity of Novel Conformationally Restricted Triazole Derivatives (2009)

A series of new triazole derivatives were designed and synthesized on the basis of the active site of lanosterol 14alpha-demethylase from Candida albicans (CACYP51). 2-(2,4-Difluorophenyl)-3-(methyl-(3-phenoxyalkyl)amino)-1-(1H-1,2,4-triazol-1-yl)propan-2-ols show excellent in-vitro activity against most of the tested pathogenic fungi. The MIC(80) value of compound 8a against Candida albicans is 0.01 microM, which provides a good starting template for further structural optimization. The binding modes of the designed compounds were investigated by flexible molecular docking. The compounds interacted with CACYP51 through hydrophobic, van-der-Waals, and hydrogen-bonding interactions.
Wearable Medical Sensor-Based System Design: A Survey (2017)

Wearable medical sensors (WMSs) are garnering ever-increasing attention from both the scientific community and the industry. Driven by technological advances in sensing, wireless communication, and machine learning, WMS-based systems have begun transforming our daily lives. Although WMSswere initially developed to enable low-cost solutions for continuous health monitoring, the applications of WMS-based systems now range far beyond health care. Several research efforts have proposed the use of such systems in diverse application domains, e.g., education, human-computer interaction, and security. Even though the number of such research studies has grown drastically in the last few years, the potential challenges associated with their design, development, and implementation are neither well-studied nor well-recognized. This article discusses various services, applications, and systems that have been developed based on WMSs and sheds light on their design goals and challenges. We first provide a brief history of WMSs and discuss how their market is growing. We then discuss the scope of applications of WMS-based systems. Next, we describe the architecture of a typical WMS-based system and the components that constitute such a system, and their limitations. Thereafter, we suggest a list of desirable design goals that WMS-based systems should satisfy. Finally, we discuss various research directions related to WMSs and how previous research studies have attempted to address the limitations of the components used in WMS-based systems and satisfy the desirable design goals.
Auto Text Summarization with Categorization and Sentiment Analysis (2015)

In today's world the volume of information is dramatically increasing, and the value of that information is growing fast. Modern organizations deals with terabytes of text, such as email, that often plays a significant role in their day-to-day operations. Even small and medium-sized organizations are dealing with growing volumes of text that require rapid access and meaningful analysis. Identifying useful information from these data is quite difficult and requires some mechanism. One possible means is to use text categorization and summarization. Text categorization is automatically arranging a set of documents into predefined categories and Summarization is a giving a condensed and precise depiction of input data such that the output includes the most significant concepts of the source. Sentiment analysis i.e. opinion mining states the use of NLP, text analysis and to identify and extract biased information in source materials.
Demonstration of a Functional Chaining System Enabled by Named-Data Networking (2016)

In this work, we present a functional chaining system enabled by Named-Data Networking (NDN). By using the proposed naming semantics and on-the-fly processing procedures, a functional chaining request, which consists of the name of raw data and an ordered set of functions, can be executed dynamically and seamlessly. Moreover, we demonstrate a functional chaining forwarding strategy and a whole chain security scheme, which can improve the system performance in terms of forwarding efficiency and security, respectively.
Resins, Natural (2000)

The article contains sections titled: 1. Introduction 2. Systematics and Classification 3. Formation - Collection 4. Individual Resins 4.1. AcaroidResin 4.2. Amber 4.3. Asphaltite 4.4. Balsam of Peru 4.5. Balsamof Tolu 4.6. Benzoin 4.7. CanadaBalsam 4.8. Chinese or Japanese Lacquer 4.9. Copal 4.10. Damar 4.11. Dragon'sBlood Resin 4.12. Elemi 4.13. Frankincense(Olibanum) 4.14. Galbanum 4.15. Labdanum 4.16. Mastic 4.17. Myrrh 4.18. Sandarac 4.19. Shellac 4.20. Styrax(Storax) 4.21. Utah Resin 4.22. Venice Turpentine (Larch Turpentine) 5. Rosin (Colophony) 5.1. Occurrence 5.2. Collection - Extraction 5.2.1. GumRosin 5.2.2. Wood Rosin 5.2.3. Tall-Oil Rosin 5.3. Composition 5.4. Properties 5.5. Modified Rosin Types 5.5.1. Rosinates 5.5.2. Rosin Esters 5.5.3. Maleic Acid Adducts (Maleics) 5.5.4. Rosin-Modified Phenolic Rosins 5.5.5. Polymerized - Dimerized Rosins 5.5.6. Hydrogenated Rosins 5.5.7. Disproportionated Rosins 5.5.8. Rosin Alcohols 5.5.9. Rosin Acid Nitrile, RosinAmine 5.6. Economic Aspects 5.7. Toxicology and Food Regulations 5.8. Analysis 5.8.1. Melting-Point Determination 5.8.2. Crystallization Test (Acetone Test) 5.8.3. Other Methods
Packet voice transmission using Java programming language (2002)

We investigate the suitability of Java in real time communication over the network. We describe the development of a voice transmission application that allows full-duplex communications over the Ethernet. The Ethernet (using CSMA/CD MAC protocol) is essentially a data network with no special scheme for real time traffic, therefore, it is up to the application layer to provide some strategies to control the traffic congestion usually by trading off the voice quality. There are several strategies that are promising such as lowering the sampling rate or increasing the threshold for silence suppression. Using the results of experiments, it is illustrated that increasing the threshold for silence suppression significantly reduces the packet voice traffic during the critical periods of congestion in the network. The results indicate that significant capacity and performance advantages are gained in the network as a result of the silence suppression scheme.
Electrochemical Redox Properties of Polypyrrole/Nafion Composite Film in a Solid Polymer Electrolyte Battery (1995)

Nafion® was introduced into a polypyrrole (PPy) matrix, and the redox performance of the PPy/Nafion electrode was investigated in a poly(ethylene oxide) electrolyte. A rougher interface between polymer cathode and polymer electrolyte is usually needed for an all‐solid battery, however, the PPy/Nafion cathode works well regardless of the flat surface of the PPy/Nafion film. When compared to a PPy film doped with anions with a similar morphology, the PPy/Nafion film showed better redox performance. The results of ac impedance spectroscopy and potential‐step chronoamperometry confirmed that the improvement in the redox reaction of the PPy/Nafion film was due to the enhancement of the ion diffusion rate in the film. Thus, the PPy/Nafion film showed good charging‐discharging properties in a rechargeable battery.
Harnessing the immune response to target tumors (2017)

Development of "immune-based targeted therapy" in oncology has limited experience with signal pathway modulation. However, as we have become better versed in understanding immune function related to anticancer response, "hints" of specific targets associated with sensitivity and resistance have been identified with targeted immune therapy. This brief review summarizes the relationship of several targeted immune therapeutics and activity associated clinical responsiveness.
Study on the peroral absorption of the endekapeptide cyclosporine A. (1989)

The beagle dog was found to be a suitable model for pharmacokinetic and bioavailability studies of cyclosporine A (CsA). All pharmacokinetic parameters studied were in the same order of magnitude as those found in man. Three CsA peroral formulations in the form of capsules were compared with a commercially available P.O. solution (to be diluted for administration) and a solution for intravenous administration. Of the three experimental capsule formulations, one based on a microemulsion resulted in an extent of absolute and relative bioavailability not different from that of the available P.O. solution. The advantage, however, is that it is a capsule preparation, ready to swallow, and does not need any manipulation by the patient to dilute the solution. The other two capsule preparations, based on a Gelucire gel with sorption promoters and a microemulsion containing Azone, resulted in a lesser bioavailability than the solution.
ENDOR/HYSCORE Studies of the Common Intermediate Trapped during Nitrogenase Reduction of N<sub>2</sub>H<sub>2</sub>, CH<sub>3</sub>N<sub>2</sub>H, and N<sub>2</sub>H<sub>4</sub>Support an Alternating Reaction Pathway for N<sub>2</sub>Reduction (2011)

Enzymatic N(2) reduction proceeds along a reaction pathway composed of a sequence of intermediate states generated as a dinitrogen bound to the active-site iron-molybdenum cofactor (FeMo-co) of the nitrogenase MoFe protein undergoes six steps of hydrogenation (e(-)/H(+) delivery). There are two competing proposals for the reaction pathway, and they invoke different intermediates. In the 'Distal' (D) pathway, a single N of N(2) is hydrogenated in three steps until the first NH(3) is liberated, and then the remaining nitrido-N is hydrogenated three more times to yield the second NH(3). In the 'Alternating' (A) pathway, the two N's instead are hydrogenated alternately, with a hydrazine-bound intermediate formed after four steps of hydrogenation and the first NH(3) liberated only during the fifth step. A recent combination of X/Q-band EPR and (15)N, (1,2)H ENDOR measurements suggested that states trapped during turnover of the α-70(Ala)/α-195(Gln) MoFe protein with diazene or hydrazine as substrate correspond to a common intermediate (here denoted I) in which FeMo-co binds a substrate-derived [N(x)H(y)] moiety, and measurements reported here show that turnover with methyldiazene generates the same intermediate. In the present report we describe X/Q-band EPR and (14/15)N, (1,2)H ENDOR/HYSCORE/ESEEM measurements that characterize the N-atom(s) and proton(s) associated with this moiety. The experiments establish that turnover with N(2)H(2), CH(3)N(2)H, and N(2)H(4) in fact generates a common intermediate, I, and show that the N-N bond of substrate has been cleaved in I. Analysis of this finding leads us to conclude that nitrogenase reduces N(2)H(2), CH(3)N(2)H, and N(2)H(4) via a common A reaction pathway, and that the same is true for N(2) itself, with Fe ion(s) providing the site of reaction.
Induction of interleukin-10 by human immunodeficiency virus type 1 and its gp120 protein in human monocytes/macrophages (1995)

In this study, we evaluated the effects of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) and its gp120 protein on interleukin-10 (IL-10) expression in cultured human monocytes/macrophages. Infection of either 1-day monocytes or 7-day monocyte-derived macrophages with HIV-1 strain Ba-L resulted in clear-cut accumulation of IL-10 mRNA at 4 and 24 h. Likewise, treatment of these cells with recombinant gp120 induced IL-10 mRNA expression and caused a marked increase in IL-10 secretion. Monoclonal antibodies to gp120 strongly inhibited recombinant gp120-induced IL-10 secretion by monocytes/macrophages. Moreover, the addition of IL-10 to monocytes/macrophages resulted in a significant inhibition of HIV-1 replication 7 and 14 days after infection. On the whole, these results indicate that HIV-1 (possibly through its gp120 protein) up-regulates IL-10 expression in monocytes/macrophages. We suggest that in vivo production of IL-10 by HIV-primed monocytes/macrophages can play an important role in the early response to HIV-1 infection.
<scp><i>UGT1A1*6</i></scp>,<scp><i>1A7*3</i></scp>, and <scp><i>1A9*22</i></scp> genotypes predict severe neutropenia in <scp>FOLFIRI</scp>‐treated metastatic colorectal cancer in two prospective studies in Japan (2013)

UMIN000002388 and UMIN000002476).