gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Semaphorin-3B Is an Angiogenesis Inhibitor That Is Inactivated by Furin-Like Pro-Protein Convertases (2008)

Semaphorin-3B (sema3B) and semaphorin-3F (sema3F) are secreted tumor suppressors of lung cancer. Sema3F functions as an antiangiogenic factor that repels endothelial cells and compromises their proliferation/survival. However, tumor cells expressing either endogenous or recombinant sema3B fail to repel endothelial cells efficiently. Sema3B found in the conditioned medium of such cells is almost completely cleaved by furin-like pro-protein convertases, generating inactive 61- and 22-kDa fragments. We have generated a sema3B variant that was point mutated at the cleavage site (sema3B-m), thereby conferring partial resistance to cleavage. Conditioned medium from HEK293 cells expressing sema3b-m and conditioned medium of HEK293 cells expressing sema3B contained similar concentrations of semaphorin but sema3B-m was cleaved much less than sema3B. In contrast to HEK293 cells expressing native sema3B, cells expressing sema3b-m strongly repel endothelial cells. Conditioned medium from sema3B-m-expressing cells rapidly caused disassembly of focal adhesions and a collapse of the actin cytoskeleton of endothelial cells, inhibited vascular endothelial growth factor-induced phosphorylation of extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2, induced apoptosis of endothelial cells, and inhibited the formation of tubes from endothelial cells in an in vitro angiogenesis assay more potently than conditioned medium from cells expressing sema3B. Furthermore, HEK293 cells expressing sema3B-m inhibited basic fibroblast growth factor-induced angiogenesis in vivo much more potently than cells expressing sema3B. Repulsion of human umbilical vascular endothelial cells by sema3B-m was mediated primarily by the neuropilin-1 (np1) receptor but sema3B-m was also able to transduce signals via neuropilin-2 (np2). These results suggest that up-regulation of furin-like pro-protein convertases in malignant cells may enable tumors to evade the antiangiogenic effects of sema3B.
ChemInform Abstract: Electroformylation of Organic Halides in N,N‐Dimethylformamide: An Efficient Electrosynthesis of Aldehydes. (1989)

Abstract Electrolysis of the halides (I) with N,N‐dimethylformamide (II) at a stainless steel cathode, coated with a deposit of metallic Cd during the reaction, yields the aldehydes (III).
Ratio of primary and secondary bile acids in feces (1999)

A high deoxycholic acid concentration and deoxycholic acid to cholic acid ratio may be indicators of colorectal cancer. Further study is needed to improve sensitivity and specificity, perhaps by combining fecal bile acid measurements with other tests, and a large prospective trial may be warranted to determine whether these measurements have value in screening for this common cancer.
A Resource Supply-Demand based Approach for Automatic MapReduce Job Optimization (2015)

With the prevalence of big data, MapReduce has emerged as the most widely deployed computing framework for data analysts. This paper addresses MapReduce job performance optimization, targeting system latency reduction. We design a systematic method to optimize MapReduce job execution process by maximizing the utilization of computing resources. Through careful analysis of the mechanism behind Hadoop, the map-shuffle-reduce work-flow is formalized based on the resource supply-demand relations. Efficient and effective algorithms are developed to address the optimization using mixed integer nonlinear programming. Experiments on a ten-node cluster demonstrate that the proposed model achieves consistently improved performance, and significantly outperforms the system with default parameter setting.
PGQL (2016)

Graph-based approaches to data analysis have become more widespread, which has given need for a query language for graphs. Such a graph query language needs not only SQL-like functionality for querying structured data, but also intrinsic support for typical graph-style applications: reachability analysis, path finding and graph construction.
Toward the Practical Application of Polymeric Optical Interconnection Technology (1995)

Intrinsic resistance and capacitance limit the rate at which information can be moved through conventional electronic circuitry. In principle, optics provides means for much higher data transfer rates. In addition, optical information pathways are insensitive to electromagnetic interference. Today glass optical fibers are routinely used for high speed data transfer in many applications. Although these fibers provide a very convenient means for carrying optical information over long distances, they are very inconvenient for complex high density optical circuitry. Furthermore, interconnection devices fabricated from glass optical fibers are difficult to fabricate and are very fragile. Polymeric materials, on the other hand, offer the potential to create highly complex optical interconnection circuitry on a planar substrate. In addition, they provide the possibility for a much higher degree of ruggedness. What has been needed is development and characterization of suitable polymeric materials, development of fabrication techniques for polymeric optical devices, development of technology for interconnection of polymer waveguides with glass optical fibers and full characterization of the resulting optical circuitry. We have developed a technology for polymeric optical interconnection which addresses these needs. The key features of this technology and some example applications will be described here.
Protective Role of Metallothioneins in the Injured Mammalian Brain (2004)

Metallothioneins (MTs) are small cysteine-rich proteins which are found widely throughout the mammalian body, including the CNS. There are extensive data on the structure and expression of MTs, and many basic properties pertinent to MT biology in the CNS appear to be well established. As discussed in this review, one isoform class (MT-I/II) is rapidly induced following many types of CNS insult, and is strongly neuroprotective, whilst another isoform class (MT-III) shows major differences in its expression profile and physiological properties. As in other tissues, there is no clear consensus on the mechanism of MT action in the CNS and how it exerts its protective role, despite a number of excellent animal and cell culture models of MT expression in the brain, and a large literature on the physico-chemical properties of MTs extending over several decades. This review is therefore an attempt to summarise the recent literature on the expression of MTs in the adult mammalian brain and how MTs possibly act to protect the brain following physical or chemical insult. One exciting finding from recent work is that perturbing the levels of MT in the brain has an effect that extends beyond cells which normally express MT to other cell types including neurons, microglia and cells of the immune system. These observations were made mainly using animal models in which MT action can be observed in its normal cellular context, and this review focuses particularly on work conducted in animal models of physical and chemical injury in the brain.
Chemical dry etching of silicon nitride and silicon dioxide using CF4/O2/N2 gas mixtures (1996)

The chemical dry etching of silicon nitride (Si3N4)and silicon nitride (SiO2) in a downstream plasma reactor using CF4, O2, and N2 has been investigated. A comparison of the Si3N4 and SiO2 etch rates with that of polycrystalline silicon shows that the etch rates of Si3N4 and SiO2 are not limited by the amount of fluorine arriving on the surface only. Adding N2 in small amounts to a CF4/O2 microwave discharge increases the Si3N4 etch rate by a factor of 7, but leaves the SiO2 etch rate unchanged. This enables etch rate ratios of Si3N4 over SiO2 of 10 and greater. The Si3N4 etch rate was investigated with respect to dependence of tube length, tube geometry, and lining materials. Argon actinometry has shown that the production of F atoms in the plasma is not influenced by the addition of N2 to the discharge. Mass spectrometry shows a strong correlation between the Si3N4 etch rate and the NO concentration. X-ray photoelectron spectra of the silicon nitride samples obtained immediately after the etching process show that F atoms are the dominant foreign species in the reaction layer, and that N2 addition to the feed gas enhances the O atom incorporation. Based on these data, we propose a mechanism for the etch rate enhancement of N2 addition to a CF4/O2 discharge.
Effect of Canagliflozin on Renal Threshold for Glucose, Glycemia, and Body Weight in Normal and Diabetic Animal Models (2012)

Canagliflozin lowered RT(G) and increased UGE, improved glycemic control and beta-cell function in rodent models of T2DM, and reduced body weight gain in rodent models of obesity.
GFB-MRF: A parallel spatial and Bloch manifold regularized iterative reconstruction method for MR Fingerprinting (2020)

Magnetic Resonance Fingerprinting (MRF) reconstructs tissue maps based on a sequence of very highly undersampled images. In order to be able to perform MRF reconstruction, state-of-the-art MRF methods rely on priors such as the MR physics (Bloch equations) and might also use some additional low-rank or spatial regularization. However to our knowledge these three regularizations are not applied together in a joint reconstruction. The reason is that it is indeed challenging to incorporate effectively multiple regularizations in a single MRF optimization algorithm. As a result most of these methods are not robust to noise especially when the sequence length is short. In this paper, we propose a family of new methods where spatial and low-rank regularizations, in addition to the Bloch manifold regularization, are applied on the images. We show on digital phantom and NIST phantom scans, as well as volunteer scans that the proposed methods bring significant improvement in the quality of the estimated tissue maps.
Efficient generation of monoclonal antibodies against peptide in the context of MHCII using magnetic enrichment (2016)

Monoclonal antibodies specific for foreign antigens, auto-antigens, allogeneic antigens and tumour neo-antigens in the context of major histocompatibility complex II (MHCII) are highly desirable as novel immunotherapeutics. However, there is no standard protocol for the efficient generation of monoclonal antibodies that recognize peptide in the context of MHCII, and only a limited number of such reagents exist. In this report, we describe an approach for the generation and screening of monoclonal antibodies specific for peptide bound to MHCII. This approach exploits the use of recombinant peptide:MHC monomers as immunogens, and subsequently relies on multimers to pre-screen and magnetically enrich the responding antigen-specific B cells before fusion and validation, thus saving significant time and reagents. Using this method, we have generated two antibodies enabling us to interrogate antigen presentation and T-cell activation. This methodology sets the standard to generate monoclonal antibodies against the peptide-MHCII complexes.
Opinion Model for Estimating Video Quality of Videophone Services (2006)

We propose a computational opinion model for estimating video quality of videophone services. Opinion models for speech such as the E-model have been established and widely used; however, little attention has been given to opinion models for video quality estimation. Our proposed opinion model is useful as a network-planning tool for assessing several video parameters that affect the quality of videophone services. First, we established a function for estimating video quality affected by coding degradation, which expresses the quality of a video affected by coding bit rate and frame rate. Second, we established a packet loss degradation index that estimates the degree of video quality degradation due to packet loss. Finally, we integrated these two functions into the opinion model for estimating video quality. We applied this model for video quality estimation of a videophone service with various video formats and displayed video sizes. The results indicated that the estimation errors of our model were less than the mean of the 99% confidence intervals for the subjective scores. Therefore, our model could be applied to effective design, implementation, and management of videophone applications and communication networks.
Synthesis and characterization of polycarbynes, a new class of carbon-based network polymers (1994)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTSynthesis and characterization of polycarbynes, a new class of carbon-based network polymersGlenn T. Visscher and Patricia A. BianconiCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1994, 116, 5, 1805–1811Publication Date (Print):March 1, 1994Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 March 1994https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00084a023https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00084a023research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views324Altmetric-Citations35LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Automated Method of Grading Vitreous Haze in Patients With Uveitis for Clinical Trials (2018)

The work offers a rapid, unbiased, standardized means of assessing vitreous haze for clinical and telemedical monitoring of uveitis patients.
Comments on the "Byzantine Self-Stabilizing Pulse Synchronization" Protocol: Counter-examples (2006)

Embedded distributed systems have become an integral part of many safety-critical applications. There have been many attempts to solve the self-stabilization problem of clocks across a distributed system. An analysis of one such protocol called the Byzantine Self-Stabilizing Pulse Synchronization (BSS-Pulse-Synch) protocol from a paper entitled "Linear Time Byzantine Self-Stabilizing Clock Synchronization" by Daliot, et al., is presented in this report. This report also includes a discussion of the complexity and pitfalls of designing self-stabilizing protocols and provides counter-examples for the claims of the above protocol.
Cytidine Deaminase Deficiency Reveals New Therapeutic Opportunities against Cancer (2016)

<b>Purpose:</b> One of the main challenges in cancer therapy is the identification of molecular mechanisms mediating resistance or sensitivity to treatment. Cytidine deaminase (CDA) was reported to be downregulated in cells derived from patients with Bloom syndrome, a genetic disease associated with a strong predisposition to a wide range of cancers. The purpose of this study was to determine whether CDA deficiency could be associated with tumors from the general population and could constitute a predictive marker of susceptibility to antitumor drugs.<b>Experimental Design:</b> We analyzed <i>CDA</i> expression <i>in silico</i>, in large datasets for cancer cell lines and tumors and in various cancer cell lines and primary tumor tissues using IHC, PDXs, qRT-PCR, and Western blotting. We also studied the mechanism underlying CDA silencing and searched for molecules that might target specifically CDA-deficient tumor cells using <i>in silico</i> analysis coupled to classical cellular experimental approaches.<b>Results:</b> We found that CDA expression is downregulated in about 60% of cancer cells and tissues. We demonstrate that DNA methylation is a prevalent mechanism of CDA silencing in tumors. Finally, we show that CDA-deficient tumor cells can be specifically targeted with epigenetic treatments and with the anticancer drug aminoflavone.<b>Conclusions:</b> CDA expression status identifies new subgroups of cancers, and CDA deficiency appears to be a novel and relevant predictive marker of susceptibility to antitumor drugs, opening up new possibilities for treating cancer. <i>Clin Cancer Res; 23(8); 2116-26. ©2016 AACR</i>.
ChemInform Abstract: A Novel Silver Molybdenum Oxyfluoride Perovskite as a Cathode Material for Lithium Batteries. (2009)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Long-term measurement results of pre-charged CMUTs with zero external bias operation (2012)

We present long-term measurement results (>1.5 years) of CMUTs, which have been pre-charged for zero external bias operation. The fabrication is based on a direct wafer bonding process with a thick-buried-oxide-layer, which allows the realization of only partially connected, donut-shaped bottom electrodes. The only partially connected bottom electrode has a central portion that is completely encapsulated by 3-μm-thick thermally-grown silicon dioxide, and, thus, electrically floating. The devices are pre-charged by applying a dc voltage higher than the pull-in voltage, which injects charges into the electrically floating portion and creates a sufficiently strong intrinsic electric field in the gap. Measurements of resonant frequency at various bias voltages show that the charges have completely remained in the floating portion for the last 19 months. We prove the zero-external-bias operations with the pre-charged CMUTs by measuring the electrical input impedance, the ac signal displacement, and pitch-catch measurements under zero external dc bias voltage. Our results show that pre-charging CMUTs is feasible, and that the devices are capable of long-term, zero external bias voltage operation.
Analogues of the antiviral acyclonucleoside 9-(4-hydroxy-3-hydroxymethylbutyl)guanine. Part 4. Substitution on the 2-amino group (1989)

Syntheses of 2-N-substituted derivatives of antiviral acyclonucleosides are described. Analogues of 9-(4-hydroxy-3-hydroxymethylbutyl)guanine (1b) with alkyl (6), aryl (7) and (8), amino (9), methoxy (10), and hydroxy (11) substituents on the 2-amino group were prepared by reaction of the appropriate amine with the 2-chloropurine (5). The 2-N-hydroxy derivatives (23a, b) of the 9-alkoxyguanines (1c, d) were synthesized by cyclisation of imidazole intermediates (20a, b) to the 2-thiopurines (21a, b) followed by oxidation and hydroxylamine displacement at the 2-position. The 2-N-hydroxyguanines (11) and (23a) showed potent antiherpes virus activity in cell culture tests.
Transcranial Brain Stimulation With Rapidly Spinning High-Field Permanent Magnets (2016)

Transcranial stimulation of the brain can be achieved by pulses of magnetic field delivered by a large electric coil. However, application of such pulses by rapidly moving small permanent magnets could offer several advantages in terms of ease of use, safety, multifocality, and portability. We have, therefore, developed a wearable brain stimulator consisting of small neodymium magnets that are spun at high speed by electric motors mounted on a cap. Here, we describe the operation of the stimulator and present initial evidence that its stimulation of the cerebral cortex produces physiological effects. We first physically tested the electromagnetic induction pattern produced by our stimulator compared with conventional transcranial magnetic stimulation. We then recorded the effects of stimulation of the primary motor cortical representation of the intrinsic muscles of the thumb including abductor pollicis brevis (APB). We studied these effects on spontaneously occurring electromyographic fasciculation potentials or spontaneous motor unit potentials (sMUPs) known to occur in healthy adult human subjects in resting APB, and compared them with the effects of sham stimulation. We found that while a single stimulus cannot elicit a motor-evoked potential, repetitive stimulation delivered by our stimulator modulates sMUP activity. This transcranial rotating permanent magnet stimulation could, therefore, produce neuromodulation at a single or multiple closely spaced cortical sites.
<title>Quantitative near-infrared spectroscopy on patients with peripheral vascular disease</title> (1998)

We have used near-infrared spectroscopy to measure the hemoglobin saturation at rest and during exercise on patients affected by peripheral vascular disease (PVD). The instrument used in our study is a frequency-domain tissue oximeter which employs intensity modulated (110 MHz) laser diodes. We examined 9 subjects, 3 of which were controls and 6 were patients affected by stage II PVD. The optical probe was located on the calf muscle of the subjects. The measurement protocol consisted of: (1) baseline (approximately 5 min); (2) stationary bicycle exercise (approximately 5 min); (3) recovery (approximately 15 min). The change in hemoglobin saturation during exercise ((Delta) Y) and the recovery time after exercise (t<SUB>rec</SUB>) were significantly greater in the PVD patients ((Delta) Y equals -21 +/- 3%, t<SUB>rec</SUB> equals 5.9 +/- 3.8 min) than in the control subjects ((Delta) Y equals 2 +/- 3%, t<SUB>rec</SUB> equals 0.6 +/- 0.1 min).
Membrane Aerated Biofilm Reactors (2013)

Abstract The membrane‐aerated biofilm reactor (MABR) is an emerging technology for wastewater treatment. Oxygen diffuses through a gas‐permeable membrane into the biofilm where oxidation of pollutants, supplied on the biofilm side of the membrane, takes place. This article describes the important design and operational principles of MABRs and reviews the performance of previously published studies where the MABR has been applied for wastewater treatment. The challenges involved in scaling‐up the process are discussed.
Grassroots Group Communication Inside Peer-to-Peer Mobile Communities (2006)

Services for group and community communication are proliferating on the Internet. In the mobile device environment, community services are only beginning to flourish. Mobile devices have been lacking in group communication features. We present a peer-to-peer framework for group communication as one approach to sharing information using mobile devices. The framework uses mobile data networks and session initiation protocol infrastructure to form connections between members and transfer data. No separate community server is used. A peer-to-peer framework is suitable for small, private groups of less than ten people and also short-lived ad hoc groups. Implementing a community service this way has many advantages. It allows pluggable community features to customize the service for different groups. It is responsive and easy to use, simple to set up and well integrated to other applications on the mobile device. Group administration is decentralized and there is no single point of failure. There is no associated cost of administering a server, and the group is even available offline. Data is transferred in the background so the users do not need to wait. Group members remain in control of their content and are able to share it with others securely
Method for separating lignin from a lignin containing liquid/slurry (Patent application WO2006038863) (2011)

Method for separating lignin from a lignin containing liquid/slurry (Patent application WO2006038863)