gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
13.10 A >1W 2.2GHz switched-capacitor digital power amplifier with wideband mixed-domain multi-tap FIR filtering of OOB noise floor (2017)

Digital power amplifiers and transmitters have drawn significant interest in the recent past due to their reconfigurability, compatibility with CMOS technology scaling and DSP, and potential for automated design synthesis [1-5]. While significant progress has been made in achieving moderate output power levels in CMOS, wideband modulation, and high efficiency under back-off, out-of-band emissions remain an unsolved problem. The elimination of the analog reconstruction filter that follows the DAC in a conventional analog transmitter implies that broadband DAC quantization noise appears at the output of the transmitter unfiltered. Quantization noise can be suppressed by increasing resolution and/or sampling rate, but to meet the challenging -150 to -160dBc/Hz out-of-band (OOB and specifically RX-band) noise requirement of FDD with conventional duplexers, nearly 12b at 0.5GS/s is required. Such a high effective number of bits (ENOB) is extremely challenging in digital PAs given their strong output nonlinearity. Consequently, while low-power modulators are able to approach -150dBc/Hz RX-band noise floor and below [6], state-of-the-art digital transmitters achieve -130 to -135dBc/Hz RX-band noise, nearly 20dB or 100× away [2-4]. Embedding mixed-domain FIR filtering into digital transmitters to create notches in the RX band has been proposed [4,7], but, while successful in low-power modulators [7], nonlinearity significantly limits notch depth to <;10dB in digital PAs [4]. Further, notch bandwidth (BW) is far less than 20MHz, the typical LTE BW, in the simple two-tap FIR structures that have been explored [4].
Chemical Sensors and Electronic Noses Based on 1-D Metal Oxide Nanostructures (2008)

The detection of chemicals such as industrial gases and chemical warfare agents is important to human health and safety. Thus, the development of chemical sensors with high sensitivity, high selectivity, and rapid detection is essential and could impact human beings in significant ways. 1-D metal oxide nanostructures with unique geometric and physical properties have been demonstrated to be important candidates as building blocks for chemical sensing applications. Chemical sensors composed of a wide range of pristine 1-D metal oxide nanostructures, such as In <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> O <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3</sub> , SnO <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> , ZnO, TiO <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> , and CuO, have been fabricated, and exhibited very good sensitivity in the detection of important industrial gases, chemical warfare agents, and human breath. In this review, we provide an overview of this chemical sensing field. Various key elements of the topics will be reviewed, including 1-D metal oxide nanostructure synthesis, electronic properties of nanowire-based FETs, and their chemical sensing behaviors. In addition, this paper provides a review of the recent development of electronic nose systems based on metal oxide nanowires, which indicate great potential for the improvement of sensing selectivity.
A new low noise 16 GHz PIN/HEMT optical receiver (1988)

A new low noise PIN/HEMT optical receiver for ultrawide bandwidth direct detection and coherent communication systems is reported. The receiver achieves a record bandwidth of over 16 GHz, with an input RMS noise current of less than 12 pA/Hz. >
Anaspis costai Em. & Mordellistena humeralis L. (Col. Mordellidae) in S.E. London (1987)

(Uploaded by Plazi from the Biodiversity Heritage Library) No abstract provided.
Signalling mechanisms of endothelin-induced mitogenesis and melanogenesis in human melanocytes (1996)

To understand the signalling mechanisms involved in the dual stimulatory effects of endothelin-1 (ET-1) on DNA synthesis and melanization in cultured human melanocytes, we analysed the biological profile of ET-1 receptor and determined the effects of ET-1 on the protein kinase C, cyclic AMP system and mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAP kinase) in comparison with their relevant stimulants. The photoaffinity labelling of ET-1 receptors with Denny-Jaff reagents revealed an ET-1 receptor with a molecular mass of 51 kDa in human melanocytes. The ET(A) receptor subtype-sensitive antagonist BQ123(50 nM) or pertussis toxin (100 ng/ml) significantly suppressed the ET-1-induced intracellular calcium mobilization, indicating the presence of pertussis toxin-sensitive G-protein-coupled ET(A) receptors. An assay of protein kinase C activity revealed that 10nM ET-1 translocated cytosolic protein kinase C to membrane-bound protein kinase C within 5 min of the start of incubation. In contrast, receptor-mediated melanocyte activation by ET-1 was accompanied by an elevated level of cyclic AMP (4-fold over control) after 10-60 min of incubation, whereas 60 min of incubation of human melanocytes with c-Kit or c-Met ligands such as stem cell factor (10 nM) or basic fibroblast growth factor (10 nM) did not elevate the cyclic AMP level. We have also demonstrated that a specific tyrosine kinase inhibitor, tyrphostin B-42 (10 microM), inhibited the ET-1-induced growth stimulation, suggesting the involvement of the tyrosine kinase pathway in growth stimulation. Consistently, an assay of MAP kinase revealed that ET-1 caused a 10-fold activation of MAP kinase after 5 min of incubation with human melanocytes in a similar way to tyrosine kinase ligands such as stem cell factor and hepatocyte growth factor. Further, the DNA synthesis stimulated by the c-Kit ligand stem cell factor at a concentration of 1 nM was synergistically enhanced by 5 nM ET-1. These results suggest that ET-induced dual cellular events in human melanocytes are closely associated with cross-talk between the protein kinase C and A and tyrosine kinase pathways.
Logic drive consideration for Trench-gate IGBT (2002)

This paper presents the initial consideration and the experimental results of logic gate drive used for Trench-gated IGBT (TIGBT). The logic drive IGBT was examined by using a 600 V/50 A (j/sub c/=200 A/cm/sup 2/) TIGBT with thin gate oxide and low threshold voltage and the TIGBT was driven at logic voltage level of V/sub GE/=/spl plusmn/5 V. A V/sub CE/(sat) of 1.53 V with a turn off loss of 2 mJ/pulse was achieved. Furthermore, the turn-off capability of the TIGBT achieved almost full square characteristic.
Greek Literature and the Roman Empire [Review] (2003)

Tim Whitmarsh (W.) is possibly the most interesting and sophisticated critic writing on Greek Imperial literature these days, and this important, groundbreaking new book should solidify this reputation. The breadth, subtlety, and richness of writing on display is remarkable; if you want to understand why the Second Sophistic is undergoing such a resurgence in Classics, to grasp what is at stake in the literature and why it is so exciting, and can only read one book on the topic, this should be it.
Representation of Knowledge (1980)

Abstract : This report is the section of the Handbook of Artificial Intelligence about knowledge representation research. The Handbook is a compendium of articles about AI ideas, techniques, and systems intended for non-AI scientists, engineers, and students. The material in this report discusses the problems addressed in knowledge representation research in AI and suggests some ways of comparing the various representation schemes. Additional articles describe the AI representation techniques: logic, procedural representations, semantic nets, production systems, direct (analogical) representations, semantic primitives, and frames.
Functionalization and Dissolution of Nitric Acid Treated Single-Walled Carbon Nanotubes (2009)

We report an investigation of the nature and chemical functionalization of nitric acid treated single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWNTs). SWNTs washed with diluted sodium hydroxide solutions were characterized by near-IR, mid-IR, and Raman spectroscopy as well as TEM, and the remaining carboxylic acid content was determined to assess the effect of base washing on the removal of carboxylated carbon fractions, which are generated by the nitric acid treatment. It was found that even after exhaustive washing with aqueous base the purified SWNTs contain carboxylic acid groups in sufficient quantity to prepare high quality soluble SWNT materials by covalent functionalization with octadecylamine.
Adaptive interaction in Web3D virtual worlds (2004)

In recent years a number of techniques have been studied for augmenting the ease of use of 3D worlds: methodologies for adapting both navigation and content allow a user to interact with a customized 3D world; adaptable navigation paradigms offer parallel modalities for different classes of users. In both cases the goal is to reduce the cognitive load needed for interaction.This work focuses on interaction adaptivity, trying to anticipate the user behaviors by monitoring their interaction patterns. Identification of recurring patterns of interaction is used for shortening users interaction when they approach objects belonging to the same class of those ones previously accessed.An agent based approach is used for monitoring the user activity and for proactively adapting interaction: a pair of agents, called numen (bound to the user) and genius loci (associated with the interaction areas called interaction loci) observe and mediate the users' interaction and adapt the 3D world in order to match their needs.The users are always made aware by the system about the changes in the 3D world and they are always in control. They can deactivate adaptiveness for a while, letting the system only to monitor their actions without applying automatically interaction shortcuts. An implementation architecture and a demonstration prototype are presented. A case study related to virtual fairs is examined, discussing a number of adaptive interaction examples.
Electrodes: Tortuosity Anisotropy in Lithium‐Ion Battery Electrodes (Adv. Energy Mater. 5/2014) (2014)

A systematic study of lithium ion battery electrode microstructure is carried out using X-ray tomography and numerical diffusion simulations. Fabrication-induced alignment of non-spherical particles is found to cause tortuosity anisotropy, which can have a significant impact battery performance. In article number 1301278, Vanessa Wood and co-workers demonstrate that tortuosity can be easily and accurately predicted based on a simple electron microscopy based assessment of particle shapes and the differential effective medium approximation.
A fast motion estimation algorithm based on multi-resolution frame structure (1999)

We present a novel multi-resolution block matching algorithm (BMA) for fast motion estimation. At the coarsest level, a full search BMA (FSBMA) is performed for searching complex or random motion. Concurrently, spatial correlation of motion vector (MV) field is used for searching continuous motion. Here we present an efficient method for searching full resolution MVs without MV decimation even at the coarsest level. After the coarsest level search, two or three initial MV candidates are chosen for the next level. At the further levels, the MV candidates are refined within much smaller search areas. Simulation results show that in comparison with FSBMA, the proposed BMA achieves a speed-up factor over 710 with minor PSNR degradation of 0.2 dB at most, under a normal MPEG-2 coding environment. Furthermore, our scheme is also suitable for hardware implementation due to regular data-flow.
Sensory Detection of Cooked Flavor Development during Pasteurization of a Guava Beverage Using R‐index (2005)

ABSTRACT: Kinetics of cooked flavor development (CFD) during thermal treatment of a guava beverage was evaluated within a temperature range of 85°C to 90°C. The guava beverage (pH 3.2, 10.8°Brix, and 0.68% titrable acidity) made with 40% juice, 55% water, and 5% sugar was subjected to selected pasteurization treatments. A trained sensory panel and R‐index test were used to determine the temperature dependence of CFD. Logarithm of maximum and minimum heating times that resulted in positive and negative sensory detection at each treatment temperature were plotted to calculate the z value (15.1°C). At 90°C, the treatment time required for the panel to detect a change in flavor was 119 s, whereas 184 s and 248 s were needed for detecting the flavor change at 87.5°C and 85°C, respectively. This result allows estimating the effects that pasteurization treatments will have on guava flavor.
Alteration of fimbriation and cell hydrophobicity by sublethal concentrations of tetracycline (1985)

The effect of growth in the presence of sublethal concentrations of tetracycline on the extent of fimbriation and surface hydrophobicity of strains of Actinomyces viscosus and Bacteroides gingivalis , two species frequently isolated from patients with rapidly progressing periodontitis, was determined. Negatively‐stained cells of A. viscosus strains LY7 and S2 and B. gingivalis strain 381 showed a dramatic reduction in the number of fimbriae on their surface when grown in the presence of 50% of the minimum inhibitory concentration of tetracycline as compared to untreated controls. Similar observations were made with fixed, lanthanum‐stained thin sections. In addition to long fimbriae, the A. viscosus strains possessed stubby, densely staining tufts on their surface which were not affected by tetracycline. The hydrophobicity of antibiotic‐grown A. viscosus and B. gingivalis cells was also found to be significantly reduced. The decrease in fimbriation and surface hydrophobicity of A. viscosus and B. gingivalis when grown in the presence of low concentrations of tetracycline may explain their reduced ability to attach to experimental pellicles. These observations suggest that part of the efficacy of tetracycline therapy for destructive forms of periodontal diseases may be mediated by an alteration of the adhesive properties of subgingival bacteria which affected their colonization.
SiC and Si3N4 recession due to SiO2 scale volatility under combustor conditions (1999)

SiC and Si3N4 materials were tested under various turbine engine combustion environments, chosen to represent either conventional fuel-lean or fuel-rich mixtures proposed for high speed aircraft. Representative CVD, sintered, and composite materials were evaluated in both furnace and high pressure burner rig exposure. While protective SiO2 scales form in all cases, evidence is presented to support paralinear growth kinetics, i.e. parabolic growth moderated simultaneously by linear volatilization. The volatility rate is dependent on temperature, moisture content, system pressure, and gas velocity. The burner tests were used to map SiO2 volatility (and SiC recession) over a range of temperature, pressure, and velocity. The functional dependency of material recession (volatility) that emerged followed the form: exp(-Q/RT) * Px * vy. These empirical relations were compared to rates predicted from the thermodynamics of volatile SiO and SiOxHv reaction products and a kinetic model of diffusion through a moving boundary layer. For typical combustion conditions, recession of 0.2 to 2 μm/h is predicted at 1200-1400°C, far in excess of acceptable long term limits.
PASTURE LAND VALUES: A "GREEN ACRES" EFFECT? (2011)

Land Economics/Use
Motion Parallax as an Independent Cue for Depth Perception (1979)

The perspective transformations of the retinal image, produced by either the movement of an observer or the movement of objects in the visual world, were found to produce a reliable, consistent, and unambiguous impression of relative depth in the absence of all other cues to depth and distance. The stimulus displays consisted of computer-generated random-dot patterns that could be transformed by each movement of the observer or the display oscilloscope to simulate the relative movement information produced by a three-dimensional surface. Using a stereoscopic matching task, the second experiment showed that the perceived depth from parallax transformations is in close agreement with the degree of relative image displacement, as well as producing a compelling impression of three-dimensionality not unlike that found with random-dot stereograms.
The design and implementation of a Real-Time Object Management Interface (2002)

Describes the design of the Real-Time Object Management Interface (RTOMI), a distributed real-time data-access interface which runs on multiprocessor platforms. RTOMI is designed to facilitate the implementation of real-time data-intensive applications by providing process scheduling and data distribution mechanisms that exploit the concept of "similarity". RTOMI is implemented to run on a multi-board Intel System 520 which is used as a testbed for evaluating our real-time transaction scheduling and data distribution algorithms.
Hydrogen Peroxide Generation of Copper/Ascorbate Formulations on Cotton: Effect on Antibacterial and Fibroblast Activity for Wound Healing Application (2018)

Greige cotton (unbleached cotton) is an intact plant fiber that retains much of the outer cotton fiber layers. These layers contain pectin, peroxidases, and trace metals that are associated with hydrogen peroxide (H₂O₂) generation during cotton fiber development. When greige cotton is subjected to a nonwoven hydroentanglement process, components of the outer cotton fiber layers are retained. When hydrated, this fabric can generate H₂O₂ (5⁻50 micromolar). This range has been characterized as inducing accelerated wound healing associated with enhanced cell signaling and the proliferation of cells vital to wound restoration. On the other hand, H₂O₂ levels above 50 micromolar have been associated with bacteriostatic activity. Here, we report the preparation and hydrogen peroxide activity of copper/ascorbate formulations, both as adsorbed and in situ synthesized analogs on cotton. The cooper/ascorbate-cotton formulations were designed with the goal of modulating hydrogen peroxide levels within functional ranges beneficial to wound healing. The cotton/copper formulation analogs were prepared on nonwoven unbleached cotton and characterized with cotton impregnation titers of 3⁻14 mg copper per gram of cotton. The copper/ascorbate cotton analog formulations were characterized spectroscopically, and the copper titer was quantified with ICP analysis and probed for peroxide production through assessment with Amplex Red. All analogs demonstrated antibacterial activity. Notably, the treatment of unbleached cotton with low levels of ascorbate (~2 mg/g cotton) resulted in a 99 percent reduction in <i>Klebsiella pneumoniae</i> and <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i>. In situ synthesized copper/ascorbate nanoparticles retained activity and did not leach out upon prolonged suspension in an aqueous environment. An assessment of H₂O₂ effects on fibroblast proliferation are discussed in light of the copper/cotton analogs and wound healing.
A CMOS differential noise cancelling low noise transconductance amplifier (2008)

In this paper a two stage CMOS Radio Frequency (RF) low noise transconductance amplifier is proposed. The feed-forward noise-cancelling technique is exploited to improve the Noise Figure (NF). Simulations with 45 nm CMOS process have been performed to verify the proposed design. The LNA achieves a transconductance of 115 mS, -3 dB bandwidth of 4.5 GHz, NF of 3.4 dB and IIP3 of -10 dBm. Compared to the single stage transconductance amplifier, the in band NF improves by 3.3 dB. The power consumption is 40 mW.
A Non-Foster matched dipole for a low-vhf mobile transmitter system (2017)

A major bottleneck of low frequency communication applications is relatively low-data-rate transmissions due to narrow bandwidth with miniaturized antennas. To increase the bandwidth of small antennas, we propose a non-Foster matched antenna designed for a low-VHF transmitter system. A non-Foster element realized by a single negative impedance converter is applied to a passive-matched miniature dipole at 40 MHz. A rigorous stability analysis based on system sensitivity is performed via circuit simulation and measurement. A power transmission coefficient with a reference antenna in an indoor setting along with impedance bandwidth of the non-Foster matched dipole is measured and compared with those of the passive-matched one. The results show 3dB power bandwidth is improved by a factor of two with active matching and more than 80 % of the bandwidth has a power efficiency advantage, compared to passive matching.
A review and comparative evaluation of forensics guidelines of NIST SP 800-101 Rev.1:2014 and ISO/IEC 27037:2012 (2014)

In this paper, we present a review and comparative evaluation of forensics guidelines of NIST SP 800-101 Rev.1:2014 and ISO/IEC 27037:2012. This study proposes and analyzes an integrated implementation of these two forensic guidelines. The result of this will provide a forensic investigator with a good understanding of the two forensic standards, and present an opportunity to forensic investigators, organizations and jurisdictions that are compliant in one standard to realize the benefits of the other standard. As it is shown, no single standard addresses all processes of digital forensic investigations. This comparison identifies areas of forensics guidelines covered by each standard, commonalities and differences in the two standards, and their limitations.
Sensorless planning for medical needle insertion procedures (2004)

Medical procedures such as seed implantation, biopsies, and treatment injections require inserting a needle tip to a specific target location inside the human body. This is difficult because (1) needle insertion causes soft tissues to displace and deform, and (2) it is often difficult or impossible to obtain precise imaging data during insertion. We are developing a sensorless planning system for needle insertion that incorporates numerical optimization with a soft tissue simulation based on a dynamic FEM formulation that models the effects of needle tip and frictional forces using a 2D mesh. In this paper we describe a sensorless planning algorithm for radioactive seed implantation that computes needle insertion offsets that compensate for tissue deformations. We apply the method to seed implantation during permanent seed prostate brachytherapy to minimize seed placement error in simulation without relying on real-time imaging.
Decomposition-Based Assembly Synthesis of Multiple Structures for Minimum Production Cost (2003)

An extension of decomposition-based assembly synthesis for structural modularity is presented where the early identification of shareable components within multiple structures is posed as an outcome of the minimization of estimated production costs. The manufacturing costs of components are estimated under given production volumes considering the economies of scale. Multiple structures are simultaneously decomposed and the types of welded joints at component interfaces are selected from a given library, in order to minimize the overall production cost and the reduction of structural strength due to the introduction of joints. A multiobjective genetic algorithm is utilized to allow effective examination of trade-offs between manufacturing cost and structural strength. A new joint-oriented representation of structures combined with a “direct” crossover is introduced to enhance the efficiency of the search. A case study with two aluminum space frame automotive bodies is presented to demonstrate that not all types of component sharing are economically justifiable under a certain production scenario.