gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Moving-bed sorbents (1995)

The objective of this program is to develop mixed-metal oxide sorbent formulations that are suitable for moving-bed, high-temperature, desulfurization of coal gas. Work continues on zinc titanates formulations and Z-sorb III sorbent.
Block Copolymer Orientation Control Using a Top-Coat Surface Treatment (2012)

Directed self-assembly of Si containing block copolymers (BCP) is a candidate for next generation patterning technology because it enables both high resolution and high etch contrast. Achieving high resolution requires a high χ parameter. However, it is often difficult to achieve perpendicular patterns by thermal annealing of BCPs with a lower surface energy block, which tends to align with the air interface. New top surface treatment materials that provide a surface energy between those of the blocks have been developed that enable perpendicular pattern alignment with block copolymers that have a low surface energy block.
Syntheses and Structural Studies of Functional Fullerenes (2007)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Application-driven dynamic vertical scaling of virtual machines in resource pools (2014)

Most modern hypervisors offer powerful resource control primitives such as reservations, limits, and shares for individual virtual machines (VMs). These primitives provide a means to dynamic vertical scaling of VMs in order for the virtual applications to meet their respective service level objectives (SLOs). VMware DRS offers an additional resource abstraction of a resource pool (RP) as a logical container representing an aggregate resource allocation for a collection of VMs. In spite of the abundant research on translating application performance goals to resource requirements, the implementation of VM vertical scaling techniques in commercial products remains limited. In addition, no prior research has studied automatic adjustment of resource control settings at the resource pool level. In this paper, we present AppRM, a tool that automatically sets resource controls for both virtual machines and resource pools to meet application SLOs. AppRM contains a hierarchy of virtual application managers and resource pool managers. At the application level, AppRM translates performance objectives into the appropriate resource control settings for the individual VMs running that application. At the resource pool level, AppRM ensures that all important applications within the resource pool can meet their performance targets by adjusting controls at the resource pool level. Experimental results under a variety of dynamically changing workloads composed by multi-tiered applications demonstrate the effectiveness of AppRM. In all cases, AppRM is able to deliver application performance satisfaction without manual intervention.
On Performance Evaluation of Random Access Enhancements for 5G uRLLC (2019)

One of the key challenges in realizing ultra-reliable low-latency communications (uRLLC) for factories-of-the-future (FoF) applications is to enhance the cellular random access channel (RACH) procedure. The state-of-the-art LTE RACH procedure does not fulfil the latency requirements for envisioned FoF applications. Moreover, it becomes challenging due to congestion and overloading from massive machine type communication (mMTC) devices leading to collisions especially in a densely populated factory scenarios. The main objective of this paper is to conduct a comprehensive performance evaluation of different random access (RA) enhancements for uRLLC over 5G wireless networks. Our performance evaluation is based on a realistic system-level simulator. The core enhancements considered in this work include early data transmission (EDT), reserved preambles and the use of flexible physical (PHY) layer numerology. We also propose three new RA enhancements for uRLLC. Performance evaluation demonstrates that the proposed RA enhancements can fulfil the 3GPP control plane target of less than 10 ms latency with 99.99% reliability in factory environments.
Continuous control with deep reinforcement learning (2016)

Abstract: We adapt the ideas underlying the success of Deep Q-Learning to the continuous action domain. We present an actor-critic, model-free algorithm based on the deterministic policy gradient that can operate over continuous action spaces. Using the same learning algorithm, network architecture and hyper-parameters, our algorithm robustly solves more than 20 simulated physics tasks, including classic problems such as cartpole swing-up, dexterous manipulation, legged locomotion and car driving. Our algorithm is able to find policies whose performance is competitive with those found by a planning algorithm with full access to the dynamics of the domain and its derivatives. We further demonstrate that for many of the tasks the algorithm can learn policies end-to-end: directly from raw pixel inputs.
Search for Androgen Response Elements in the Proximal Promoter of the Canine Prostate Arginine Esterase Gene (1995)

We have demonstrated the binding of the recombinant DNA binding domain of the rat androgen receptor to a DNA sequence of the canine prostate arginine esterase gene and have determined the functional significance of this sequence in transient transfection experiments. One of the binding sites was localized to a region (-172 to -148 bp) containing the sequence AGGACAACAGGTGTT that has 73% homology with the prostate-specific antigen (PSA) androgen response element (ARE) found at a similar position in the PSA promoter. Competition experiments showed that the androgen receptor had an approximately 100-fold more affinity for the PSA ARE than for the arginine sequence at -172 to -148. Transient cotransfection of 5'-deletion mutants of the arginine esterase promoter and 5'-flanking sequences driving the activity of the reporter gene along with the rat androgen receptor expression vector yielded only negligible inductions of chloramphenicol acetyl transferase (CAT) activity when dihydrotestosterone (DHT) was added to the culture medium. The introduction of one to four repeats of the -172 to -148 sequence of the arginine esterase gene upstream of the basal promoter of the mouse p12 gene in p12.108 also resulted in a minimal induction of CAT activity compared with a 10-fold induction of PSA AREs under similar conditions. These results suggest that the regulation of the canine arginine esterase gene by androgens is most probably achieved by mechanisms that differ from the ones prevailing with the human PSA and kallikrein-2 (hKLK2) genes.
Bioengineering Organized, Multilamellar Human Corneal Stromal Tissue by Growth Factor Supplementation on Highly Aligned Synthetic Substrates (2013)

Recapitulating the microstructure of the native human corneal stromal tissue is believed to be a key feature in successfully engineering the corneal tissue. The stratified multilayered collagen fibril lamellae with orthogonal orientation determine the robust biomechanical properties of this tissue, and the uniform collagen fibril size and interfibrillar spacing are critical to its optical transparency. The objective of this investigation was to develop a highly organized collagen-fibril construct secreted by human corneal stromal stem cells (hCSSCs) to mimic the human corneal stromal tissue. In culture on a highly aligned fibrous substrate made from poly(ester urethane) urea, the fibroblast growth factor-2 (FGF-2, 10 ng/mL) and transforming growth factor-beta 3 (TGF-β3, 0.1 ng/mL) impacted the organization and abundance of the secreted collagen fibril matrix. hCSSCs differentiated into keratocytes with significant upregulation of the typical gene markers, including KERA, B3GnT7, and CHST6. FGF-2 treatment stimulated hCSSCs to secrete collagen fibrils strongly aligned in a single direction, whereas TGF-β3 induced collagenous layers with orthogonal fibril orientation. The combination of FGF-2 and TGF-β3 induced multilayered lamellae with orthogonally oriented collagen fibrils, in a pattern mimicking the human corneal stromal tissue. The constructs were 60-70 μm thick and had an increased content of cornea-specific extracellular matrix components, including keratan sulfate, lumican, and keratocan. The approach of combining substrate cues with growth factor augmentation offers a new means to engineer well-organized, collagen-based constructs with an appropriate nanoscale structure for corneal repair and regeneration.
Crystalline 1<i>H</i>‐1,2,3‐Triazol‐5‐ylidenes: New Stable Mesoionic Carbenes (MICs) (2010)

Mit einem Klick zu MICs: Eine kurze modulare Synthese führt zu neuartigen stabilen Heterocyclen mit einem freien Elektronenpaar an einem Kohlenstoffzentrum. Diese mesoionischen Verbindungen sind bessere Donoren als klassische N-heterocyclische Carbene, und sie sind durch Deprotonierung der konjugierten Säuren mit vergleichsweise milden Basen zugänglich. Detailed facts of importance to specialist readers are published as ”Supporting Information”. Such documents are peer-reviewed, but not copy-edited or typeset. They are made available as submitted by the authors. Please note: The publisher is not responsible for the content or functionality of any supporting information supplied by the authors. Any queries (other than missing content) should be directed to the corresponding author for the article.
Interband cascade detectors with room temperature photovoltaic operation (2005)

We investigated mid-infrared interband cascade laser structures as photodetectors, which are sensitive to normal incidence and operate in photovoltaic mode at room temperature. The proposed operation principle of these interband cascade detectors is based on the unique combination of interband photoexcitation and the much faster intersubband relaxation as well as interband tunneling recombination, which allows for the efficient collection of the photoexcited carriers. Peak responsivity and detectivity of 21 mA/W and 7.1×108cmHz1∕2∕W at λ=4.0μm are obtained for a device with cutoff wavelength of 4.4μm. Peak responsivity and detectivity of 46 mA/W and 1.4×109cmHz1∕2∕W at λ=3.0μm are obtained for another device with cutoff wavelength of 3.3μm. These detectors exhibit low noise (4.8×10−13A∕Hz1∕2) and a large product of the differential resistance and active area (19Ωcm2) at room temperature.
<title>Video copy detection using spatio-temporal sequence matching</title> (2003)

This paper proposes a novel sequence matching technique to detect copies of a video clip. This copy detection scheme can be used as either an alternative approach or a complementary approach to watermarking for copyright protection. It can also be used for media tracking. A challenge is that the different digitizing and encoding processes give rise to several distortions, such as changes in brightness, changes in color, different blocky artifacts, changes in frame format, and so on. While there exist several algorithms proposed, most of them focus on coping with signal distortions introduced by different encoding parameters. However, we note techniques to deal with aspect ratio conversions must be evenly taken into account because those conversions are frequent in practice. To this end, each image frame is partitioned into 2x2 by intensity averaging, and the partitioned values are stored for indexing and matching. Our spatio-temporal approach combines spatial matching of ordinal signatures obtained from the partitions of each frame and temporal matching of temporal signatures from the temporal trails of the partitions. The efficacy of the proposed method has been extensively tested and the results show the proposed scheme is efficient to deal with various modifications.
Multi/Wide Band Printed Quad Helical Antenna (2020)

A technique is proposed for designing multiband and/or wide band printed quadrifilar helical antennas. The technique uses microstrip line tuning section in the vicinity of the feeding ports. This section contains an elongated body and a tail member extending away from the body. Geometry of the tail member is selected for modifying the radiating element impedance and broadening the resonance bandwidth. A four port antenna is designed for operating in wide band (24%, ) or in 3 frequency bands, with one of the bands being more than 24% : 1.88-2.12GHz, 2.3-2.4GHz and 3.4-3.8GHz (E-UTRA 39, 40, and 42& 43, respectively).
Constraint-Based Design of Optimal Transport Elements (2002)

A large aircraft contains thousands of transport elements, such as tubes, ducts, and wires. Their shape is subject to many constraints, some extrinsic (e.g., obstacle clearance) and others intrinsic (e.g., legal bend angles). A key problem is to design a feasible route that is optimal (e.g., as short as possible). We present an algorithm specialized for metal tubing that allows the user to sketch a route using constraint objects. The user arranges the constraint objects and the system fills in an optimal tube. Trade-offs can be explored rapidly, in terms of quantities of direct engineering interest. This effectively automates a tedious manual design process, saving time and money and producing superior designs. The algorithm has been implemented and tested in a production environment.
On the performance of human visual system based image quality assessment metric using wavelet domain (2008)

Most of the efficient objective image or video quality metrics are based on properties and models of the Human Visual System (HVS). This paper is dealing with two major drawbacks related to HVS properties used in such metrics applied in the DWT domain : subband decomposition and masking effect. The multi-channel behavior of the HVS can be emulated applying a perceptual subband decomposition. Ideally, this can be performed in the Fourier domain but it requires too much computation cost for many applications. Spatial transform such as DWT is a good alternative to reduce computation effort but the correspondence between the perceptual subbands and the usual wavelet ones is not straightforward. Advantages and limitations of the DWT are discussed, and compared with models based on a DFT. Visual masking is a sensitive issue. Several models exist in literature. Simplest models can only predict visibility threshold for very simple cue while for natural images one should consider more complex approaches such as entropy masking. The main issue relies on finding a revealing measure of the surround influences and an adaptation: should we use the spatial activity, the entropy, the type of texture, etc.? In this paper, different visual masking models using DWT are discussed and compared.
Optimized Transcoding for Large Scale Adaptive Streaming Using Playback Statistics (2018)

HTTP-based video streaming techniques have now been widely deployed to deliver video streams over communication networks. With these techniques, a video player can dynamically select a stream from a set of pre-encoded representations of the same source based on available bandwidth and viewport size. Since bitrate accounts for most of the cost incurred in these platforms, the problem is to minimize bitrate while maximizing quality. In this paper we use measurements on the actual usage of millions of video clips to create probability distributions of available bandwidth and viewport sizes. These probability distributions inform the optimization process and the resulting scheme demonstrates an overall bandwidth reduction of 9.7% compared with existing techniques without loss of delivered quality.
A MRI-based PET attenuation correction with &#x03BC;-values measured by a fixed-position radiation source (2013)

Several MRI-based attenuation correction methods have been reported for PET/MRI. The accuracy of the attenuation map (μ-map) from an MRI image depends on correctness of the segmentation of tissue and the attenuation coefficients to be assigned (μ-values). However, an MRI image does not reflect the attenuation of radiation and inaccurate assignment of μ-values affects the quantitative assessment of functional images of PET. Although installation of a transmission scan function on the PET/MRI can provide an accurate μ-map, it restricts the design of the scanner, increases the manufacturing cost and takes additional scanning time. In this study, we implemented an MRI-based μ-value estimation method with a non-rotational radiation source to construct the proper μ-map for PET/MRI and assessed it based on clinical data sets. The proposed method uses the accurately segmented tissue map, the partial path length of each tissue, and detected intensities of attenuated radiation from a fixed-position radiation source which usually rotates around the subject to obtain the μ-map with the tomographic procedure. According to the Lambert-Beer law, attenuated intensity is described as the function of partial path length and μ-values of every tissue. The partial path length could be estimated by the simulation of fixed-point radiation with the same scanner geometry using the known tissue map from MRI. The μ-values of every tissue could be estimated by inverting the function. The simulation results, based upon measurement data, showed the errors between μ-values of the conventional transmission scan and our proposed method were 2.3±0.9%, 18.6±8.0% and −11.1±5.5% for brain, bone and soft tissue other than brain, respectively. Although there were over- and under-estimations for bone and soft tissue, respectively, the present method is able to estimate the brain μ-value accurately in clinical situations and that strongly affects the quantitative value of PET images because of the large volumetric ratio of the brain.
Preparation of Water-Soluble Cationic Phosphorus-Containing Dendrimers as DNA Transfecting Agents (1999)

P-dendrimers appear to be excellent candidates as transfecting agents after positively charged functions are grafted at their periphery. Five different generations of protonated dendrimers (1-[G1] to 1-[G5]) and the corresponding methylated series (2-[G1] to 2-[G5]) (two examples are shown here) have been examined as transfecting agents of the luciferase gene within 3T3 cells.
III-nitride nanowire array based 1.3μm monolithic photonic integrated circuit on (001) silicon substrate (2017)

A monolithic photonic integrated circuit with a laser, waveguide and detector on (001) silicon can be used as an optical communication link in silicon photonics. III-nitride nanowire arrays can be grown catalyst-free on (001) silicon, relatively free of extended defects [1]. The nanowires have superior characteristics compared to equivalent planar layers, e.g. lower piezoelectric polarization, higher internal quantum efficiency etc. The nanowire diameter and density can be varied over wide ranges by tuning the growth parameters. InxGa1-xN disks can be inserted in these nanowires and the In composition x in the disks can be varied from 5 to 100% [2]. Quantum dot formation has been observed in these InGaN disks, which provide 3-dimensional quantum confinement [3]. The nanowires can also be selectively doped to form p-n junctions. We have employed such nanowire arrays to demonstrate the first monolithically integrated active photonic circuit on (001)silicon, composed of a diode laser emitting at 1.3μm, a dielectric waveguide, and a photodiode with high responsivity at 1.3μm.
Room temperature novel multiferroic single phase materials: (PbFe<inf>0.5</inf>Ta<inf>0.5</inf>O<inf>3</inf>)<inf>x</inf>-(PbZr<inf>0.53</inf>Ti<inf>0.47</inf>O<inf>3</inf>)<inf>(1&#x2212;x)</inf> (2012)

Solid solution of (PbFe <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">0.5</sub> Ta <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">0.5</sub> O <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3</sub> ) <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">x</sub> -(PbZr <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">0.53</sub> Ti <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">0.47</sub> O <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3</sub> ) <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">(1-x)</sub> (0.1≤ × ≤ 0.4) perovskite type structure produces a single phase materials, both in ceramic and thin films form. This novel material has low loss, possesses room temperature multiferroic properties, and has strong magnetoelectric coupling.
Fluoroethylenepropylene ferroelectrets with superimposed multi-layer tubular void channels (2011)

Stacked ferroelectret film systems have been proposed as a simple solution to increase the piezoelectricity beyond that of a single ferroelectret layer. Recent developments in ferroelectret research have also shown that organized void structures can be produced by thermal lamination of polymer films. Here, the two approaches are combined to produce multi-layer ferroelectrets with controlled voids. The multi-layer ferroelectrets are produced by arranging Teflon <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">®</sup> fluoroethylenepropylene (FEP) films alternately with Teflon <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">®</sup> polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) templates. The five- or seven-layer stacks are laminated at an elevated temperature between the melting temperatures of the two fluoropolymers in order to fuse the FEP films, but not the templates. After removing the templates, a polymer system with superimposed open channels is formed. In this work different multi-channel-layer structures are investigated under several charging voltages. The results indicate that ferroelectrets with two layers of tubular channels show enhanced piezoelectricity. However, for three channel layers, the piezoelectric d <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">33</sub> decreased in comparison with only two channel layers. As an explanation, we propose that an insufficient increase in the charge density does not allow to fully compensate the higher elastic modulus of the polymer system that contains more films.
Current Accuracy Limits Of Dynamic Imaging Microellipsometry (1989)

Dynamic Imaging Microellipsometry (DIM) is a fast, high resolution full-field imaging approach to ellipsometry. The testing of the second generation DIM system is described with measurement methodology and system accuracy covered. Relative and absolute errors are discussed separately with analyses of overall accuracy and individual error sources are detailed. Approaches for improving both relative and absolute accuracy are discussed.
Adaptation inWeb Service Composition and Execution (2006)

Web services simplify enterprise application integration by facilitating reuse of existing components for creating new services. In a dynamic environment, it is imperative to design a Web Service Composition and Execution (WSCE) system that adapts to failure of component services or changes in their QoS offerings. In this paper, we motivate a staged approach for adaptive WSCE (A-WSCE) that cleanly separates the functional and non-functional requirements of a new service, and enables different environmental changes to be absorbed at different stages of composition and execution. We use Synthy, a prototype service creation environment, to implement our solution and demonstrate its effectiveness.