gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Improving the image fusion procedure for high-spatiotemporal aerosol optical depth retrieval: a case study of urban area in Taiwan (2018)

Numerous studies employed remote sensing techniques on regional air quality in terms of aerosols, in particular, the observations from polar-orbiting satellites offer more detail on spatial distribution. Since the air pollutants/aerosols dramatically vary in location with time, diurnal observations on a timescale are restricted by the temporal resolution of the polar-orbiting satellite. To address this issue, this research proposes a spatially and temporally adaptive reflectance fusion model for measuring atmospheric properties to synthesize high-spatial–temporal resolution images from polar and geostationary satellite imagery for air quality monitoring. The reflectivity from short-wave infrared is employed to preserve the atmospheric effect within the fused image in the green band for further aerosol optical depth (AOD) retrieval. Taking the Landsat-8 Operational Land Imager as the reference, the spatial resolution of the Himawari-8 Advanced Himawari Imager (in kilometers) can thus be resampled into 30 m every 10 min during the daytime, by considering the surface bidirectional reflectivity from the variation of the solar zenith angle. The AOD retrieved with fused images containing atmospheric effect could have a better performance after comparison with in situ measurements, and therefore, be suggested for high-spatial–temporal aerosol monitoring.
Synthesis, X‐ray crystal structure determination and antiinflammatory activity of the regioisomers: 5‐phenyl‐6‐(4‐pyridyl)‐2,3‐dihydroimidazo[2,1‐<i>b</i>]thiazole and 6‐phenyl‐5‐(4‐pyridyl)‐2,3‐dihydroimidazo[2,1‐<i>b</i>]thiazole. A structural reassignment (1991)

Abstract A regiospecific synthesis of 6‐phenyl‐5‐(4‐pyridyl)‐2,3‐dihydroimidazo[2,1‐ b ]thiazole ( 2 ) was accomplished by treatment of 6‐phenyl‐2,3‐dihydroimidazo[2,1‐ b ]thiazole ( 10 ) with the reactive complex of pyridine and ethyl chloroformate followed by oxidation with chromium(VI) oxide. Reaction of 4‐phenyl‐5‐(4‐pyridyl)imidazole‐2‐thione ( 12 ) with 1,2‐dibromoethane in the presence of base also gave 2 together with its regioisomer 3 . The structures of 2 and 3 were confirmed by X‐ray crystallography. Evaluation, on oral administration, in a one hour arachidonic acid‐induced mouse ear inflammation assay, showed the inhibition of edema by 2 (48%) and 3 (34%) to be less than that of the 6‐(4‐fluorophenyl) analog 1 (SK&/F 86002) (69%), a known antiinflammatory agent.
Structure-based Rational Design of Streptavidin Mutants with Pseudo-catalytic Activity (2003)

Introduction of enzymatic activity into proteins or other types of polymers by rational design is a major objective in the life sciences. To date, relatively low levels of enzymatic activity could be introduced into antibodies by using transition-state analogues of haptens. In the present study, we identify the structural elements that contribute to the observed hydrolytic activity in egg white avidin, which promote the cleavage of active biotin esters (notably biotinyl p-nitrophenyl ester). The latter elements were then incorporated into bacterial streptavidin via genetic engineering. The streptavidin molecule was thus converted from a protector to an enhancer of hydrolysis of biotin esters. The conversion was accomplished by the combined replacement of a "lid-like loop" (L3,4) and a leucine-to-arginine point mutation in streptavidin. Interestingly, neither of these elements play a direct role in the hydrolytic reaction. The latter features were thus shown to be responsible for enhanced substrate hydrolysis. This work indicates that structural and non-catalytic elements of a protein can be modified to promote the induced fit of a substrate for subsequent interaction with either a catalytic residue or water molecules. This approach complements the conventional design of active sites that involves direct modifications of catalytic residues.
A Noncompetitive Inhibitor for<i>Mycobacterium tuberculosis</i>’s Class IIa Fructose 1,6-Bisphosphate Aldolase (2013)

Class II fructose 1,6-bisphosphate aldolase (FBA) is an enzyme critical for bacterial, fungal, and protozoan glycolysis/gluconeogenesis. Importantly, humans lack this type of aldolase, having instead a class I FBA that is structurally and mechanistically distinct from class II FBAs. As such, class II FBA is considered a putative pharmacological target for the development of novel antibiotics against pathogenic bacteria such as Mycobacterium tuberculosis, the causative agent for tuberculosis (TB). To date, several competitive class II FBA substrate mimic-styled inhibitors have been developed; however, they lack either specificity, potency, or properties that limit their potential as possible therapeutics. Recently, through the use of enzymatic and structure-based assisted screening, we identified 8-hydroxyquinoline carboxylic acid (HCA) that has an IC50 of 10 ± 1 μM for the class II FBA present in M. tuberculosis (MtFBA). As opposed to previous inhibitors, HCA behaves in a noncompetitive manner, shows no inhibitory properties toward human and rabbit class I FBAs, and possesses anti-TB properties. Furthermore, we were able to determine the crystal structure of HCA bound to MtFBA to 2.1 Å. HCA also demonstrates inhibitory effects for other class II FBAs, including pathogenic bacteria such as methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus. With its broad-spectrum potential, unique inhibitory characteristics, and flexibility of functionalization, the HCA scaffold likely represents an important advancement in the development of class II FBA inhibitors that can serve as viable preclinical candidates.
A Novel Injection-Molded Precision Plastic Platform for the Passive Alignment of a Polymer Waveguide Film and Optical Fibers (1998)

A newly-designed plastic alignment platform formed by a precise injection molding technique is proposed for connecting a polymer waveguide film to optical fibers. This platform consists of a pair of parallel arrayed V-grooves separated by a flat cavity for the polymer waveguide film. The core positions of the film are strictly determined by using polymer processing techniques including microlithography. A precisely aligned connection is then realized simply by placing the polymer waveguide in the mount cavity of the component. This provides an average connection loss of 0.2 dB/port.
Robust Click-Point Linking: Matching Visually Dissimilar Local Regions (2007)

This paper presents robust click-point linking: a novel localized registration framework that allows users to interactively prescribe where the accuracy has to be high. By emphasizing locality and interactivity, our solution is faithful to how the registration results are used in practice. Given a user-specified point, the click-point linking provides a single point-wise correspondence between a data pair. In order to link visually dissimilar local regions, a correspondence is sought by using only geometrical context without comparing the local appearances. Our solution is formulated as a maximum likelihood estimation (MLE) without estimating a domain transformation explicitly. A spatial likelihood of Gaussian mixture form is designed to capture geometrical configurations between the point-of-interest and a hierarchy of global-to-local 3D landmarks that are detected using machine learning and entropy based feature detectors. A closed-form formula is derived to specify each Gaussian component by exploiting geometric in-variances under specific group of domain transformation via RANSAC-like random sampling. A mean shift algorithm is applied to robustly and efficiently solve the local MLE problem, replacing the standard consensus step of the RANSAC. Two transformation groups of pure translation and scaling/translation are considered in this paper. We test feasibility of the proposed approach with 16 pairs of whole-body CT data, demonstrating the effectiveness.
Facilitating Proactive Stator Winding Maintenance Using Partial Discharge Patterns (2018)

Failures in stator windings usually occur due to four factors (the so-called TEAM factor in IEC standard 60505); all of them have the potential to generate partial discharges (PD) and influence the life expectancy of the winding. Assessment of the winding condition using continuous online PD measurements allows early detection of weak spots in the insulation, identify the need for maintenance repairs and therefore reduce the risk of unexpected failures. For example, repairing the junction between the conductive and voltage grading coating is often possible when the underlying mica insulation is not affected. Typical interconnected high voltage assets in a power generation plant are the combination of generator - isolated phase bus - generator step-up transformer. PD activity from interconnected HV assets overlap and can result in false alarms and erroneous conclusions on the origin of the fault sources. This paper starts with a brief description of the permanent online monitoring system used in this study, which uses conventional and unconventional PD sensors configured in a specific manner to capture separately PD activity occurring in different sections of an interconnected HV asset, and use them in PD source characterization and insulation diagnosis. PD patterns measured for normally deteriorated generators are analyzed, and the correlation between the causes of the defects and the PD patterns are shown. Using case examples drawn from several years of experience with continuous online PD measurements, it is shown that it aids not only early detection of faults but also an effective way to reduce required plant maintenance activities, cut operating costs, and prevent unplanned shutdowns.
Photofabrication of Highly Transparent Platinum Counter Electrodes at Ambient Temperature for Bifacial Dye Sensitized Solar Cells (2018)

Platinum (Pt) counter electrodes (CEs) have consistently shown excellent electrocatalytic performance and holds the record of the highest power conversion efficiency (PCE) for dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs). However, its use for large-scale production is limited either by high temperature required for thermal decomposition of its precursor or by wastage of the material leading to high cost or sophisticated equipment. Here, we report a novel photofabrication technique to fabricate highly transparent platinum counter electrodes by ultraviolet (UV) irradiation of platinic acid (H<sub>2</sub>PtCl<sub>6</sub>.6H<sub>2</sub>O) on rigid fluorine-doped tin oxide (FTO) and flexible indium-doped tin oxide (ITO) on polyethylene terephthalate (PET) substrates. The photofabrication technique is a facile and versatile method for the fabrication of Pt CEs for dye sensitized solar cells (DSSCs). The photofabricated Pt CEs were used to fabricate bifacial DSSCs with power conversion efficiencies (PCEs) attaining 7.29% for front illumination and 5.85% for rear illumination. The highest percentage ratio of the rear illumination efficiency to the front illumination efficiency (η<sub>R</sub>) of 85.92% was recorded while the least η<sub>R</sub> is 77.91%.
A pulsed cathodic arc spacecraft propulsion system (2009)

We investigate the use of a centre-triggered cathodic arc as a spacecraft propulsion system that uses an inert solid as a source of plasma. The cathodic vacuum arc produces almost fully ionized plasma with a high exhaust velocity (>104 m s−1), giving a specific impulse competitive with other plasma or ion thrusters. A centre trigger design is employed that enables efficient use of cathode material and a high pulse-to-pulse repeatability. We compare three anode geometries, two pulse current profiles and two pulse durations for their effects on impulse generation, energy and cathode material usage efficiency. Impulse measurement is achieved through the use of a free-swinging pendulum target constructed from a polymer material. Measurements show that impulse is accurately controlled by varying cathode current. The cylindrical anode gave the highest energy efficiency. Cathode usage is optimized by choosing a sawtooth current profile. There is no requirement for an exhaust charge neutralization system.
Broadband Doherty power amplifiers: Advances and challenges (2014)

This paper expounds on the recent advancements in the area of broadband Doherty power amplifiers (DPA). It begins by outlining the major sources of performance limitations in DPAs when employed to efficiently amplify multi-band signals scattered over extended frequency bandwidth. It goes on to describe a number of novel techniques devised to broaden the bandwidth of classical two-way DPAs. Finally, a broadband three-way DPA is introduced as a potential solution to efficiently amplify signals with extended peak to average power ratios. Measurement results obtained using a number of broadband DPA demonstrators are reported.
Miniaturisation and harmonic suppression method of parallel coupled-line filters using lumped capacitors and grounding (2005)

A new miniaturisation and harmonic suppression method of the parallel coupled-line filter using lumped capacitors and grounding is proposed. The method can dramatically reduce the size of the resonators in the parallel coupled-line filter. In addition to size reduction, an excellent suppression of spurious harmonic responses, which are inherent in this type of filter, is achieved with improved skirt characteristics.
Helically coiled cage forms of graphitic carbon (1993)

Helically coiled forms of the carbon cage on the nanometer scale are theoretically proposed. The optimized surface construction for different types of helically coiled structures consisting of sevenfold, sixfold, and fivefold rings of carbon atoms is given. The thermal stability of various helical structures is studied by molecular-dynamics simulations, employing Stillinger-Weber-type potentials. The structures are found to be thermodynamically stable. It is found that the helically coiled structures derived from toroidal structues ${\mathrm{C}}_{360}$ and ${\mathrm{C}}_{1080}$ are stiff, so that the ring pattern of the surface changes with pitch length. On the contrary, the structure derived from torus ${\mathrm{C}}_{540}$ is found to be soft, i.e, a change in the pitch length does not change the ring pattern of the surface.
[Actualization of Neural Regenerative Medicine by Intravenous Drip of Donor-derived Muse Cells]. (2019)

Muse cells are non-tumorigenic reparative endogenous stem cells identified by SSEA-3+. They are pluripotent and are stably mobilized from the bone marrow to the peripheral blood and distribute to organ connective tissue, where they contribute to daily minute repair of damaged/lost cells by spontaneous differentiation into tissue-constituent cells. Muse cells specifically home to damaged site to repair the tissue by simultaneous differentiation into multiple tissue-constituent cells. When the number of endogenous Muse cells is not sufficient, administration of exogenous Muse cells delivers robust functional recovery. Muse cells do not need to be "induced" or genetically manipulated. Intravenous drip is the main method of administration, making surgical operation unnecessary. Because Muse cells have an immunomodulatory system similar to the placenta, donor-derived Muse cells can be directly administered to patients without HLA-matching or immunosuppression therapy. Allogeneic Muse cells remain in the host tissue as differentiated cells for more than half a year. Clinical trials for the treatment of myocardial infarction, stroke and epidermolysis bullosa with intravenous injection of donor-derived Muse cells are currently conducted by the Life Science Institute Inc. Muse cells may safely provide clinically relevant effects compatible with the 'body's natural repair systems' by a simple cost-effective strategy.
Potent and Selective Peptide Agonists of α‐Melanocyte Stimulating Hormone (αMSH) Action at Human Melanocortin Receptor 5; their Synthesis and Biological Evaluation <i>in vitro</i> (2007)

Melanocortin receptors (MC1-5R) and their endogenous ligands (melanocyte-stimulating hormones and adrenocorticotropic hormone) are involved in many physiological processes in humans. Of those receptors, the actions of MC5R are the least understood despite its broad presence in the numerous peripheral tissues and brain. In this study, we describe synthesis and pharmacological properties in vitro (receptor-binding affinity and agonist activity) of several cyclic analogs of alphaMSH which are potent agonists at hMC5R (EC(50) below 1 nM) and of enhanced receptor subtype selectivity (more than 2000-fold versus hMC1b,3R and about 70- to 200-fold versus hMC4R). These compounds are analogs of Ac-Nle(4)-cyclo[Asp(5)-His(6)-D-Nal(2')(7)-Pip(8)-Trp(9)-Lys(10)]-NH(2) (Pip: pipecolic acid) in which His(6) has been replaced with sterically hindered amino acids. They may be useful tools in the elucidation of the MC5R role in skin disorders and in immunomodulatory and in anti-inflammatory actions of alphaMSH.
A New Trench Bipolar Transistor for RF Applications (2004)

A new vertical trench SiGe heterojunction bipolar transistor (HBT) is proposed that improves the tradeoff between the cutoff frequency (f/sub T/) and the off-state collector-base breakdown voltage (BV/sub cbo/). Extensive device simulations show that a record f/sub T//spl middot/BV/sub cbo/ product of about 2375 GHz/spl middot/V can be obtained for an HBT having a trench field plate connected to the emitter and a linearly graded doping profile in the collector drift region, while about 700 GHz/spl middot/V can be obtained for a standard optimized HBT. This large improvement is explained mainly by the suppression of the base-widening effect.
Predicting traffic overflows on private peering (2020)

Large content providers and content distribution network operators usually connect with large Internet service providers (eyeball networks) through dedicated private peering. The capacity of these private network interconnects is provisioned to match the volume of the real content demand by the users. Unfortunately, in case of a surge in traffic demand, for example due to a content trending in a certain country, the capacity of the private interconnect may deplete and the content provider/distributor would have to reroute the excess traffic through transit providers. Although, such overflow events are rare, they have significant negative impacts on content providers, Internet service providers, and end-users. These include unexpected delays and disruptions reducing the user experience quality, as well as direct costs paid by the Internet service provider to the transit providers. If the traffic overflow events could be predicted, the Internet service providers would be able to influence the routes chosen for the excess traffic to reduce the costs and increase user experience quality. In this article we propose a method based on an ensemble of deep learning models to predict overflow events over a short term horizon of 2-6 hours and predict the specific interconnections that will ingress the overflow traffic. The method was evaluated with 2.5 years' traffic measurement data from a large European Internet service provider resulting in a true-positive rate of 0.8 while maintaining a 0.05 false-positive rate. The lockdown imposed by the COVID-19 pandemic reduced the overflow prediction accuracy. Nevertheless, starting from the end of April 2020 with the gradual lockdown release, the old models trained before the pandemic perform equally well.
Piperazine as a Linker for Incorporating the Nitric Oxide-Releasing Diazeniumdiolate Group into Other Biomedically Relevant Functional Molecules (1999)

Synthetic procedures have been devised to exploit the bifunctional amine piperazine (pip) as a linker capable of attaching the nitric oxide (NO)-releasing diazeniumdiolate functional group [N(O)NO]<sup>-</sup> to a diverse selection of biomedically useful molecules. One of the amino groups bears the diazeniumdiolate, which may be substituted on oxygen as necessary to control its dissociation to NO, while the other is used to provide a site suitable for covalent bonding to the molecule requiring NO donor capability. N,N'-Disubstituted piperazines of the structure R-pip-N(O)[Formula: see text]NOE were prepared either by using the nucleophilic character of the amino group or by converting it into an electrophilic moiety for reaction with nucleophilic centers in the molecules to be derivatized. Examples are reported in which E = CH<sub>3</sub> and the R groups are bound to the N'-nitrogen: via amide linkages to the carboxyl groups of the drug ibuprofen and the amino acid derivative <i>N</i>-acetylmethionine; through a urea grouping to the ε-amino group of a protected lysine; via a carbamate linkage to poly(ethylene glycol); and by replacing the NH<sub>2</sub> nitrogens of nicotinamide and adenosine. Synthesis of analogues in which E = vinyl has been facilitated by introduction of BrCH<sub>2</sub>CH<sub>2</sub>OSO<sub>2</sub>Cl as a novel, efficient bromoethylating agent. Spontaneous NO releasers in the diazeniumdiolated piperazine series include both a fluorescent anion of half-life 5.5 min in which E = Na and R = dansyl and "MOM-PIPERAZI/NO" (E = CH<sub>3</sub>OCH<sub>2</sub>, R = H), whose half-life for NO release was estimated as 17 days. The latter agent has made possible the conversion of poly(vinyl chloride) and phosphatidylethanolamine to NO-releasing derivatives. This chemistry should allow introduction of diazeniumdiolate groups into a wide variety of natural products, drugs, polymers, and other molecules whose activities could be beneficially combined with the ability to generate NO for biomedical applications.
One-Year Duration of Immunity Induced by Vaccination with a Canine Lyme Disease Bacterin (2010)

Laboratory-reared beagles were vaccinated with a placebo or a bacterin comprised of Borrelia burgdorferi S-1-10 and ospA-negative/ospB-negative B. burgdorferi 50772 and challenged after 1 year with B. burgdorferi-infected Ixodes scapularis ticks. For the placebo recipients, spirochetes were recovered from 9 (60%) skin biopsy specimens collected after 1 month, and the organisms persisted in the skin thereafter. Ten (67%) dogs also developed joint infection (3 dogs), lameness or synovitis (7 dogs), or B. burgdorferi-specific antibodies (8 dogs). For the vaccine recipients, spirochetes were recovered from 6 (40%) skin biopsy specimens collected after 1 month. However, subsequent biopsy specimens were negative, and the dogs failed to develop joint infection (P = 0.224), lameness/synovitis (P = 0.006), or Lyme disease-specific antibody responses (P = 0.002). The bacterin provided a high level of protection for 1 year after immunization, and the addition of the OspC-producing B. burgdorferi 50772 provided enhanced protection.
A new display stream compression standard under development in VESA (2017)

The Advanced Display Stream Compression (ADSC) codec project is in development in response to a call for technologies from the Video Electronics Standards Association (VESA). This codec targets visually lossless compression of display streams at a high compression rate (typically 6 bits/pixel) for mobile/VR/HDR applications. Functionality of the ADSC codec is described in this paper, and subjective trials results are provided using the ISO 29170-2 testing protocol.
Video transcoding for resilience in wireless channels (2002)

We describe a method to maintain an acceptable quality for video transported over wireless networks under time-varying conditions. We use a transcoder to modify the resilience of the encoded bitstream by using source coding techniques to provide the appropriate level of resilience for the prevailing channel conditions. We develop a statistical model for image loss versus resilience and wireless conditions. Simulation results indicate that using a transcoder to adjust the resilience can improve video quality when errors occur without significantly sacrificing quality when there are no errors. Also, simulation results compare favorably to the analytical model.