gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Purification and partial characterisation of a novel trypsin-like cysteine protease from<i>Metarhizium anisopliae</i> (1993)

Trypsin-like enzymes from the entomopathogenic fungus Metarhizium anisopliae have been characterised. Two proteases with tryptic activity were purified by narrow range isoelectric focussing and affinity chromatography. One of these proteases, with an isoelectric point of 5.4 and a molecular mass of 28.8 kDa is a ‘classical’ trypsin belonging to the serine protease class. The other protease, with an isoelectric point of 4.6 and a molecular mass of 26.7 kDa, demonstrates trypsin-like specificity but, on the basis of inhibition and activation studies, belongs to the cysteine protease family and as such is the first fungal protease to be found of this type. The amino acid composition, kinetic constants and activity against proteinaceous substrates, including locust cuticle have been determined.
Evaluation of Serum Feline Pancreatic Lipase Immunoreactivity and Helical Computed Tomography versus Conventional Testing for the Diagnosis of Feline Pancreatitis (2004)

Abstract Serum feline trypsinogen-like immunoreactivity (fTLI) concentrations and abdominal ultrasound have facilitated the noninvasive diagnosis of pancreatitis in cats, but low sensitivities (33% and 20–35%, respectively) have been reported. A radioimmunoassay has been validated to measure feline pancreatic lipase immunoreactivity (fPLI), but the assay's sensitivity and specificity have not been established. In human beings, the sensitivity of computed tomography (CT) is high (75–90%), but in a study of 10 cats, only 2 had CT changes suggestive of pancreatitis. We prospectively evaluated these diagnostic tests in cats with and without pancreatitis. In all cats, serum was obtained for fTLI and fPLI concentrations, and pancreatic ultrasound images and biopsies were acquired. Serum fPLI concentrations (P&lt;.0001) and ultrasound findings (P= .0073) were significantly different between healthy cats and cats with pancreatitis. Serum fTLI concentrations (P= .15) and CT measurements (P= .18) were not significantly different between the groups. The sensitivity of fTLI in cats with moderate to severe pancreatitis was 80%, and the specificity in healthy cats was 75%. Feline PLI concentrations were both sensitive in cats with moderate to severe pancreatitis (100%) and specific in the healthy cats (100%). Abdominal ultrasound was both sensitive in cats with moderate to severe pancreatitis (80%) and specific in healthy cats (88%). The high sensitivities of fPLI and abdominal ultrasound suggest that these tests should play an important role in the noninvasive diagnosis of feline pancreatitis. As suggested by a previous study, pancreatic CT is not a useful diagnostic test for feline pancreatitis.
Biomechanical evaluation over level ground walking of user-specific prosthetic feet designed using the lower leg trajectory error framework (2022)

Abstract The walking pattern and comfort of a person with lower limb amputation are determined by the prosthetic foot’s diverse set of mechanical characteristics. However, most design methodologies are iterative and focus on individual parameters, preventing a holistic design of prosthetic feet for a user’s body size and walking preferences. Here we refined and evaluated the lower leg trajectory error (LLTE) framework, a novel quantitative and predictive design methodology that optimizes the mechanical function of a user’s prosthesis to encourage gait dynamics that match their body size and desired walking pattern. Five people with unilateral below-knee amputation walked over-ground at self-selected speeds using an LLTE-optimized foot made of Nylon 6/6, their daily-use foot, and a standardized commercial energy storage and return (ESR) foot. Using the LLTE feet, target able-bodied kinematics and kinetics were replicated to within 5.2% and 13.9%, respectively, 13.5% closer than with the commercial ESR foot. Additionally, energy return and center of mass propulsion work were 46% and 34% greater compared to the other two prostheses, which could lead to reduced walking effort. Similarly, peak limb loading and flexion moment on the intact leg were reduced by an average of 13.1%, lowering risk of long-term injuries. LLTE-feet were preferred over the commercial ESR foot across all users and preferred over the daily-use feet by two participants. These results suggest that the LLTE framework could be used to design customized, high performance ESR prostheses using low-cost Nylon 6/6 material. More studies with large sample size are warranted for further verification.
MRI Heating Reduction for External Fixation Devices Using Absorption Material (2015)

This paper presents a novel approach to minimize the radio frequency (RF)-induced heating from external fixation devices under magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) procedure. With proper placement and selection of absorption material, one can alter the electromagnetic field and current distributions around and/or on medical devices so that the MRI RF field-induced heating can be reduced. The absorption-material-based RF heating reduction schemes are analyzed and validated. Numerical and experimental studies are conducted to illustrate the potentials of reducing the RF heating for external fixation devices. A design strategy based on response surface methodology is presented for material selection, and it is shown that absorption materials can significantly reduce the RF heating effects from 645 to 172 W/kg in terms of 1-g spatial-averaged SAR for the device under this investigation.
Splicing of a Critical Exon of Human <i>Survival Motor Neuron</i> Is Regulated by a Unique Silencer Element Located in the Last Intron (2006)

Humans have two nearly identical copies of the Survival Motor Neuron (SMN) gene, SMN1 and SMN2. In spinal muscular atrophy (SMA), SMN2 is not able to compensate for the loss of SMN1 due to exclusion of exon 7. Here we describe a novel inhibitory element located immediately downstream of the 5' splice site in intron 7. We call this element intronic splicing silencer N1 (ISS-N1). Deletion of ISS-N1 promoted exon 7 inclusion in mRNAs derived from the SMN2 minigene. Underlining the dominant role of ISS-N1 in exon 7 skipping, abrogation of a number of positive cis elements was tolerated when ISS-N1 was deleted. Confirming the silencer function of ISS-N1, an antisense oligonucleotide against ISS-N1 restored exon 7 inclusion in mRNAs derived from the SMN2 minigene or from endogenous SMN2. Consistently, this oligonucleotide increased the levels of SMN protein in SMA patient-derived cells that carry only the SMN2 gene. Our findings underscore for the first time the profound impact of an evolutionarily nonconserved intronic element on SMN2 exon 7 splicing. Considering that oligonucleotides annealing to intronic sequences do not interfere with exon-junction complex formation or mRNA transport and translation, ISS-N1 provides a very specific and efficient therapeutic target for antisense oligonucleotide-mediated correction of SMN2 splicing in SMA.
Active error detection and resolution for speech-to-speech translation. (2012)

1 We describe a novel two-way speech-to-speech (S2S) translation system that actively detects a wide variety of common error types and resolves them through user-friendly dialog with the user(s). We present algorithms for detecting out-of-vocabulary (OOV) named entities and terms, sense ambiguities, homophones, idioms, ill-formed input, etc. and discuss novel, interactive strategies for recovering from such errors. We also describe our approach for prioritizing different error types and an extensible architecture for implementing these decisions. We demonstrate the efficacy of our system by presenting analysis on live interactions in the English-to-Iraqi Arabic direction that are designed to invoke different error types for spoken language translation. Our analysis shows that the system can successfully resolve 47% of the errors, resulting in a dramatic improvement in the transfer of problematic concepts.
Phenylalanine hydroxylase deficiency caused by a single base substitution in an exon of the human phenylalanine hydroxylase gene (1988)

A novel restriction fragment length polymorphism in the phenylalanine hydroxylase (PAH) locus generated by the restriction endonuclease MspI was observed in a German phenylketonuria (PKU) patient. Molecular cloning and DNA sequence analyses revealed that the MspI polymorphism was created by a T to C transition in exon 9 of the human PAH gene, which also resulted in the conversion of a leucine codon to a proline codon. The effect of the amino acid substitution was investigated by creating a corresponding mutation in a full-length human PAH cDNA by site-directed mutagenesis followed by expression analysis in cultured mammalian cells. Results demonstrate that the mutation in the gene causes the synthesis of an unstable protein in the cell corresponding to a CRM- phenotype. Together with the other mutations recently reported in the PAH gene, the data support previous biochemical and clinical observations that PKU is a heterogeneous disorder at the gene level.
Generation of CD8<sup>+</sup>T-Cell Responses by a Recombinant Nonpathogenic<i>Mycobacterium smegmatis</i>Vaccine Vector Expressing Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 Env (2006)

Because the vaccine vectors currently being evaluated in human populations all have significant limitations in their immunogenicity, novel vaccine strategies are needed for the elicitation of cell-mediated immunity. The nonpathogenic, rapidly growing mycobacterium Mycobacterium smegmatis was engineered as a vector expressing full-length human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) HXBc2 envelope protein. Immunization of mice with recombinant M. smegmatis led to the expansion of major histocompatibility complex class I-restricted HIV-1 epitope-specific CD8(+) T cells that were cytolytic and secreted gamma interferon. Effector and memory T lymphocytes were elicited, and repeated immunization generated a stable central memory pool of virus-specific cells. Importantly, preexisting immunity to Mycobacterium bovis BCG had only a marginal effect on the immunogenicity of recombinant M. smegmatis. This mycobacterium may therefore be a useful vaccine vector.
<i>Paired Box 5</i> Methylation Detection by Droplet Digital PCR for Ultra-Sensitive Deep Surgical Margins Analysis of Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma (2015)

Molecular deep surgical margin analysis has been shown to predict locoregional recurrences of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC). To improve the accuracy and versatility of the analysis, we used a highly tumor-specific methylation marker and highly sensitive detection technology to test DNA from surgical margins. Histologically cancer-negative deep surgical margin samples were prospectively collected from 82 eligible HNSCC surgeries by an imprinting procedure (n = 75) and primary tissue collection (n = 70). Bisulfite-treated DNA from each sample was analyzed by both conventional quantitative methylation-specific PCR (QMSP) and QMSP by droplet digital PCR (ddQMSP) targeting Paired box 5 (PAX5) gene promoter methylation. The association between the presence of PAX5 methylation and locoregional recurrence-free survival (LRFS) was evaluated. PAX5 methylation was found in 68.0% (51 of 75) of tumors in the imprint samples and 71.4% (50 of 70) in the primary tissue samples. Among cases that did not have postoperative radiation (n = 31 in imprint samples, n = 29 in tissue samples), both conventional QMSP and ddQMSP revealed that PAX5 methylation-positive margins was significantly associated with poor LRFS by univariate analysis. In particular, ddQMSP increased detection of the PAX5 marker from 29% to 71% in the nonradiated imprint cases. Also, PAX5 methylated imprint margins were an excellent predictor of poor LRFS [HR, 3.89; 95% confidence interval (CI), 1.19-17.52; P = 0.023] by multivariate analysis. PAX5 methylation appears to be an excellent tumor-specific marker for molecular deep surgical margin analysis of HNSCC. Moreover, the ddQMSP assay displays increased sensitivity for methylation marker detection.
An All-solid-state Sodium–Sulfur Battery Operating at Room Temperature Using a High-sulfur-content Positive Composite Electrode (2014)

Abstract The performance of an all-solid-state sodium–sulfur (Na–S) battery at 25 °C, in which the sulfur content in the positive composite electrode was 50 wt % to enhance energy density, was investigated. All-solid-state Na–S cells prepared using a positive composite electrode with a high-phosphorus-to-sulfur-ratio solid electrolyte exhibited a high capacity of approximately 1500 mA h g−1 at 0.13 mA cm−2 at 25 °C. This value is similar to the theoretical value.
Starch-based films. Preliminary diffusion evaluation (1984)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTStarch-based films. Preliminary diffusion evaluationFelix H. Otey and Richard P. WesthoffCite this: Ind. Eng. Chem. Prod. Res. Dev. 1984, 23, 2, 284–287Publication Date (Print):June 1, 1984Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 June 1984https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/i300014a023https://doi.org/10.1021/i300014a023research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views150Altmetric-Citations42LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access options Get e-Alerts
Engaging isatins in solvent-free, sterically congested Passerini reaction (2013)

A facile, atom-economic and environmentally-benign protocol for the synthesis of biologically important oxindole derivatives in high yields has been demonstrated by employing isatins as carbonyl compound surrogates in a Passerini reaction carried out under solvent-free conditions. Moreover, electron-deficient phenols can also be used as the acid component in this reaction. In addition, the synthetic utility of the present methodology was examined by the one-pot synthesis of oxindoles with a free –OH group at the benzylic position.
Identification and Functional Characterization of Genes Encoding Omega-3 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acid Biosynthetic Activities from Unicellular Microalgae (2013)

In order to identify novel genes encoding enzymes involved in the biosynthesis of nutritionally important omega-3 long chain polyunsaturated fatty acids, a database search was carried out in the genomes of the unicellular photoautotrophic green alga Ostreococcus RCC809 and cold-water diatom Fragilariopsis cylindrus. The search led to the identification of two putative "front-end" desaturases (Δ6 and Δ4) from Ostreococcus RCC809 and one Δ6-elongase from F. cylindrus. Heterologous expression of putative open reading frames (ORFs) in yeast revealed that the encoded enzyme activities efficiently convert their respective substrates: 54.1% conversion of α-linolenic acid for Δ6-desaturase, 15.1% conversion of 22:5n-3 for Δ4-desaturase and 38.1% conversion of γ-linolenic acid for Δ6-elongase. The Δ6-desaturase from Ostreococcus RCC809 displays a very strong substrate preference resulting in the predominant synthesis of stearidonic acid (C18:4Δ6,9,12,15). These data confirm the functional characterization of omega-3 long chain polyunsaturated fatty acid biosynthetic genes from these two species which have until now not been investigated for such activities. The identification of these new genes will also serve to expand the repertoire of activities available for metabolically engineering the omega-3 trait in heterologous hosts as well as providing better insights into the synthesis of eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) in marine microalgae.
Multicarrier joint detection CDMA mobile communications (2002)

One of the main requirements of a future mobile radio system is a flexible and adaptable radio interface to provide dynamically changing bit rates and a variety of services in various radio environments. Hybrid frequency and time divided code division multiple access (F/T/CDMA) represents a viable basis for the radio interface of future mobile communications. When realizing the code division multiple access (CDMA) component by multicarrier (MC) CDMA improved frequency engineering capabilities of MC techniques are beneficially combined with the frequency and interferer diversity properties of CDMA. This paper presents a generalized view on F/T/CDMA based systems deploying MC techniques overcoming the shortcomings of competing approaches.
Suspension cultivation of Mycobacterium ulcerans for the production of mycolactones (2001)

Mycolactones are polyketide toxins produced by Mycobacterium ulcerans, the causative agent of the tropical skin disease known as Buruli ulcer. Development of novel therapeutic agents from mycolactones has been hindered by the difficulty of producing sufficient amounts of material. Here, we describe the successful adaptation of M. ulcerans to suspension cultivation and the development of a fed-batch fermentation process that was scaled up to 150 l. In addition to producing mycolactones A and B, a number of new mycolactone-related compounds were also observed.
Hereditary Nephrogenic Diabetes Insipidus: Pathophysiology and Possible Treatment. An Update (2017)

Under physiological conditions, excessive loss of water through the urine is prevented by the release of the antidiuretic hormone arginine-vasopressin (AVP) from the posterior pituitary. In the kidney, AVP elicits a number of cellular responses, which converge on increasing the osmotic reabsorption of water in the collecting duct. One of the key events triggered by the binding of AVP to its type-2 receptor (AVPR2) is the exocytosis of the water channel aquaporin 2 (AQP2) at the apical membrane the principal cells of the collecting duct. Mutations of either AVPR2 or AQP2 result in a genetic disease known as nephrogenic diabetes insipidus, which is characterized by the lack of responsiveness of the collecting duct to the antidiuretic action of AVP. The affected subject, being incapable of concentrating the urine, presents marked polyuria and compensatory polydipsia and is constantly at risk of severe dehydration. The molecular bases of the disease are fully uncovered, as well as the genetic or clinical tests for a prompt diagnosis of the disease in newborns. A real cure for nephrogenic diabetes insipidus (NDI) is still missing, and the main symptoms of the disease are handled with s continuous supply of water, a restrictive diet, and nonspecific drugs. Unfortunately, the current therapeutic options are limited and only partially beneficial. Further investigation in vitro or using the available animal models of the disease, combined with clinical trials, will eventually lead to the identification of one or more targeted strategies that will improve or replace the current conventional therapy and grant NDI patients a better quality of life. Here we provide an updated overview of the genetic defects causing NDI, the most recent strategies under investigation for rescuing the activity of mutated AVPR2 or AQP2, or for bypassing defective AVPR2 signaling and restoring AQP2 plasma membrane expression.
Semiconductor Laser Lidar Wind Velocity Sensor for Turbine Control (2014)

A dual line-of-sight CW lidar that measures both wind speed and direction is presented. The wind lidar employs a semiconductor laser, which allows for inexpensive remote sensors geared towards enhanced control of wind turbines.
Optical-scintillation method of measuring turbulence inner scale (1985)

An optical technique is described that uses coherent and incoherent optical scintillation to measure the path-averaged value of the turbulence inner scale. The technique is verified by comparison with an in situ measurement, and inner scale values obtained 1.5 m above the ground over a 24-h period are shown.
Word-phrase-entity language models: getting more mileage out of n-grams (2014)

We present a modification of the traditional n-gram language modeling approach that departs from the word-level data representation and seeks to re-express the training text in terms of tokens that could be either words, common phrases or instances of one or several classes. Our iterative optimization algorithm considers alternative parses of the corpus in terms of these tokens, re-estimates token n-gram probabilities and also updates within-class distributions. In this paper, we focus on the cold start approach that only assumes availability of the word-level training corpus, as well as a number of generic class definitions. Applied to the calendar scenario in the personal assistant domain, our approach reduces word error rates by more than 13% relative to the word-only n-gram language models. Only a small fraction of these improvements can be ascribed to a larger vocabulary.
Integramides A and B, Two Novel Non-Ribosomal Linear Peptides Containing Nine <i>C</i><sup>α</sup>-Methyl Amino Acids Produced by Fungal Fermentations That Are Inhibitors of HIV-1 Integrase (2002)

[structure: see text]. Integramides A and B are two novel 16-mer linear peptides rich in C(alpha)-methyl amino acids that were isolated from fungal extracts of Dendrodochium sp. by employing a bioassay-guided isolation procedure using recombinant HIV-1 integrase. The structure and stereochemistry were elucidated by a combination of 2D NMR and ESI- and FAB-MS including MS/MS studies and by Marfey's method. Integramides A and B inhibited the coupled reaction of HIV-1 integrase with IC50 values of 17 and 10 microM, respectively.
Surface Modulatable Nanocapsids for Targeting and Tracking Toward Nanotheranostic Delivery (2016)

Nanoparticle diagnostics and therapeutics (nanotheranostics) have significantly advanced cancer detection and treatment. However, many nanotheranostics are ineffective due to defects in tumor localization and bioavailability. An engineered Hepatitis E Virus (HEV) nanocapsid is a proposed platform for targeted cancer-cell delivery. Self-assembling from HEV capsid subunits, nanocapsids retain the capacity to enter cells and resist proteolytic/acidic conditions, but lack infectious viral elements. The nanocapsid surface was modified for chemical activation to confer tumor-specific targeting and detection, immune-response manipulation and controlled theranostic delivery. Nanotheranostic molecules can be packaged in the hollow nanocapsid shell during in vitro assembly. Complementing the adapted stability and cell-entry characteristics of the HEV capsid, a modified nanocapsid serves as a tunable tumor-targeting platform for nanotheronostic delivery.