gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
An investigation of a frequency diverse array (2009)

This thesis presents a novel concept for focusing an antenna beam pattern as a function\nof range, time, and angle. In conventional phased arrays, beam steering is achieved by\napplying a linear phase progression across the aperture. This thesis shows that by\napplying an additional linear frequency shift across the elements, a new term is\ngenerated which results in a scan angle that varies with range in the far-field.\nMoreover, the antenna pattern is shown to scan in range and angle as a function of time.\nThese properties result in more flexible beam scan options for phased array antennas\nthan traditional phase shifter implementations. The thesis subsequently goes on to\ninvestigate this phenomenon via full scale experimentation, and explores a number of\naspects of applying frequency diversity spatially across array antennas. This new form\nof frequency diverse array may have applications to multipath mitigation, where a radio\nsignal takes two or more routes between the transmitter and receiver due to scattering\nfrom natural and man-made objects. Since the interfering signals arrive from more than\none direction, the range-dependent and auto-scanning properties of the frequency\ndiverse array beam may be useful to isolate and suppress the interference. The\nfrequency diverse array may also have applications to wideband array steering, in lieu\nof true time delay solutions which are often used to compensate for linear phase\nprogression with frequency across an array, and to sonar, where the speed of\npropagation results in large percentage bandwidth, creating similar wideband array\neffects. The frequency diverse array is also a stepping stone to more sophisticated joint\nantenna and waveform design for the creation of new radar modes, such as simultaneous\nmulti-mode operation, for example, enabling joint synthetic aperture radar and ground\nmoving target indication.
Oxygenated amorphous carbon for resistive memory applications (2015)

Carbon-based electronics is a promising alternative to traditional silicon-based electronics as it could enable faster, smaller and cheaper transistors, interconnects and memory devices. However, the development of carbon-based memory devices has been hampered either by the complex fabrication methods of crystalline carbon allotropes or by poor performance. Here we present an oxygenated amorphous carbon (a-COx) produced by physical vapour deposition that has several properties in common with graphite oxide. Moreover, its simple fabrication method ensures excellent reproducibility and tuning of its properties. Memory devices based on a-COx exhibit outstanding non-volatile resistive memory performance, such as switching times on the order of 10 ns and cycling endurance in excess of 10(4) times. A detailed investigation of the pristine, SET and RESET states indicates a switching mechanism based on the electrochemical redox reaction of carbon. These results suggest that a-COx could play a key role in non-volatile memory technology and carbon-based electronics.
Structural characterization of nonpolar (1120) <i>a</i>-plane GaN thin films grown on (1102) <i>r</i>-plane sapphire (2002)

In this letter we describe the structural characteristics of nonpolar (112̄0) a-plane GaN thin films grown on (11̄02) r-plane sapphire substrates via metalorganic chemical vapor deposition. Planar growth surfaces have been achieved and the potential for device-quality layers realized by depositing a low temperature nucleation layer prior to high temperature epitaxial growth. The in-plane orientation of the GaN with respect to the r-plane sapphire substrate was confirmed to be [0001]GaN‖[1̄101]sapphire and [1̄100]GaN‖[112̄0]sapphire. This relationship is explicitly defined since the polarity of the a-GaN films was determined using convergent beam electron diffraction. Threading dislocations and stacking faults, observed in plan-view and cross-sectional transmission electron microscope images, dominated the a-GaN microstructure with densities of 2.6×1010 cm−2 and 3.8×105 cm−1, respectively. Submicron pits and crystallographic terraces were observed on the optically specular a-GaN surface with atomic force microscopy.
Application of magnetic powder of M-type ba-ferrite epitaxially coated with spinel-type ferrite to magnetic recording. (1990)

Application of magnetic powder of M-type Ba-ferrite epitaxially coated with Spinel-type Ferrite to magnetic recording.
Effect of Dietary Lactose on Salmonella Colonization of Market-Age Broiler Chickens (1990)

The effect of providing lactose in feed and inoculation with volatile fatty acid-producing anaerobic cultures (AC) of cecal flora on Salmonella typhimurium colonization was evaluated in broilers. One-day-old chicks were divided into four groups and provided 1) no lactose, no AC; 2) AC, no lactose; 3) AC and lactose on days 1-10; or 4) AC and lactose on days 1-40. All groups were challenged per os with 10(6) Salmonella on day 3 and with 10(8) Salmonella on day 33. Salmonella growth in the cecal contents was significantly decreased (P less than 0.01) on day 10 in the chicks provided lactose from day 1-10. However, after the removal of lactose from the diet, the chicks were susceptible to Salmonella colonization. The number of Salmonella in the ceca was significantly reduced (P less than 0.05) in the chicks provided lactose throughout the 40-day growing period. Dietary lactose decreased the pH of the cecal contents and was accompanied by marked increases in the concentrations of undissociated bacteriostatic volatile fatty acids in the cecal contents.
3D reconstruction of breast tumors from ultrasonic cross-sectional images, using fuzzy reasoning and the marching cubes algorithm (1999)

With the intention of improving the speed and accuracy of current breast cancer screening techniques, a novel method for automatically extracting and rendering a 3D representation of a potentially cancerous tumor, from 2D ultrasonic images, has been developed. Using fuzzyreasoning and the marching cubes algorithm, the system produce an interactive 3D image of the tumor. Using measurements and characteristics of the tumour's shape, a probability of malignancy is calculated. In tests, the results produced by the system are in excellent agreement with the doctors' diagnoses. (author)
T-Cell Response to Human Papillomavirus Type 58 L1, E6, and E7 Peptides in Women with Cleared Infection, Cervical Intraepithelial Neoplasia, or Invasive Cancer (2010)

Human papillomavirus type 58 (HPV-58) exists in a relatively high prevalence in certain parts of the world, including East Asia. This study examined the T-cell response to HPV-58 L1, E6, and E7 peptides among women with cleared infection, cervical intraepithelial neoplasia grade 2 (CIN2) or CIN3, or invasive cervical cancer (ICC). Peptides found to be reactive in the in vitro peptide binding assay or mouse-stimulating study were tested with a gamma interferon (IFN-gamma) enzyme-linked immunospot (ELISPOT) assay to detect peptide-specific responses from the peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) collected from 91 HPV-58-infected women (32 with cleared infection, 16 CIN2, 15 CIN3, and 28 ICC). Four HLA-A11-restricted HPV-58 L1 peptides, located at amino acid positions 296 to 304, 327 to 335, 101 to 109, and 469 to 477, showed positive IFN-gamma ELISPOT results and were mainly from women with cleared infection. Two HLA-A11-restricted E6 peptides (amino acid positions 64 to 72 and 94 to 102) and three HLA-A11-restricted E7 peptides (amino acid positions 78 to 86, 74 to 82, and 88 to 96) showed a positive response. A response to E6 and E7 peptides was mainly observed from subjects with CIN2 or above. One HLA-A2-restricted E6 peptide, located at amino acid position 99 to 107, elicited a positive response in two CIN2 subjects. One HLA-A24-restricted L1 peptide, located at amino acid position 468 to 476, also elicited a positive response in two CIN2 subjects. In summary, this study has identified a few immunogenic epitopes for HPV-58 E6 and E7 proteins. It is worthwhile to further investigate whether responses to these epitopes have a role in clearing an established cervical lesion.
Detecting Semantically Equivalent Questions in Online User Forums (2015)

Two questions asking the same thing could be too different in terms of vocabulary and syntactic structure, which makes identifying their semantic equivalence challenging. This study aims to detect semantically equivalent questions in online user forums. We perform an extensive number of experiments using data from two different Stack Exchange forums. We compare standard machine learning methods such as Support Vector Machines (SVM) with a convolutional neural network (CNN). The proposed CNN generates distributed vector representations for pairs of questions and scores them using a similarity metric. We evaluate in-domain word embeddings versus the ones trained with Wikipedia, estimate the impact of the training set size, and evaluate some aspects of domain adaptation. Our experimental results show that the convolutional neural network with in-domain word embeddings achieves high performance even with limited training data.
Combining machine learning and human judgment in author disambiguation (2011)

Author disambiguation in digital libraries becomes increasingly difficult as the number of publications and consequently the number of ambiguous author names keep growing. The fully automatic author disambiguation approach could not give satisfactory results due to the lack of signals in many cases. Furthermore, human judgment on the basis of automatic algorithms is also not suitable because the automatically disambiguated results are often mixed and not understandable for humans. In this paper, we propose a Labeling Oriented Author Disambiguation approach, called LOAD, to combine machine learning and human judgment together in author disambiguation. LOAD exploits a framework which consists of high precision clustering, high recall clustering, and top dissimilar clusters selection and ranking. In the framework, supervised learning algorithms are used to train the similarity functions between publications and a clustering algorithm is further applied to generate clusters. To validate the effectiveness and efficiency of the proposed LOAD approach, comprehensive experiments are conducted. Comparing to conventional author disambiguation algorithms, the LOAD yields much more accurate results to assist human labeling. Further experiments show that the LOAD approach can save labeling time dramatically.
Metamaterials for THz polarimetric devices (2009)

We present experimental and numerical investigations of planar terahertz metamaterial structures designed to interact with the state of polarization. The dependence of metamaterial resonances on polarization results in unique amplitude and phase characteristics of the terahertz transmission, providing the basis for polarimetric terahertz devices. We highlight some potential applications for polarimetric devices and present simulations of a terahertz quarter-wave plate and a polarizing terahertz beam splitter. Although this work was performed at terahertz frequencies, it may find applications in other frequency ranges as well.
Scalable Multicast for Content Delivery in Information Centric Networks (2018)

Information-centric networking (ICN) is proposed to address the shortcomings of the current IP-based Internet architecture to present a content-centric design making data access independent from location, while offering support for name-based stateful forwarding, in-network caching, and content-based security. In this paper, using the ICN principles, we propose a novel multicast architecture to efficiently deliver content to multiple end hosts. Proposed architecture integrates stateless forwarding into stateful ICN to partition the multicast tree and establish cost-efficient branches that limits signaling overhead required to insert or remove hosts from the resulting tree. We present an in-depth study on the proposed approach to examine its architectural components and operation, and illustrate its impact on the overall network performance through various performance studies addressing its overhead, scalability, and forwarding efficiency.
Nanoliter Viscometer for Analyzing Blood Plasma and Other Liquid Samples (2004)

We have developed a microfabricated nanoliter capillary viscometer that quickly, easily, and inexpensively measures the viscosity of liquids. The measurement of viscosity is based on capillary pressure-driven flow inside microfluidic channels (depth approximately 30 microm and width approximately 300 microm). Accurate and precise viscosity measurements can be made in less than 100 s while using only 600 nL of liquid sample. The silicon-glass hybrid device (18 mm by 15 mm) contains on-chip components that measure the driving capillary pressure difference and the relevant geometrical parameters; these components make the nanoliter viscometer completely self-calibrating, robust, and easy to use. Several different microfabricated viscometers were tested using solutions with viscosities ranging from 1 to 5 cP, a range relevant to biological fluids (urine, blood, blood plasma, etc.). Blood plasma samples collected from patients with the symptoms of hyperviscosity syndrome were tested on the nanoliter capillary viscometer to an accuracy of 3%. Such self-calibrating nanoliter viscometers may have widespread applications in chemical, biological, and medical laboratories as well as in personal health care.
Demo: Edge-centric Telepresence Avatar Robot for Geographically Distributed Environment (2020)

Using a robotic platform for telepresence applications has gained paramount importance in this decade. Scenarios such as remote meetings, group discussions, and presentations/talks in seminars and conferences get much attention in this regard. Though there exist some robotic platforms for such telepresence applications, they lack efficacy in communication and interaction between the remote person and the avatar robot deployed in another geographic location. Also, such existing systems are often cloud-centric which adds to its network overhead woes. In this demo, we develop and test a framework that brings the best of both cloud and edge-centric systems together along with a newly designed communication protocol. Our solution adds to the improvement of the existing systems in terms of robustness and efficacy in communication for a geographically distributed environment.
Memristor-based multiplier designs (2018)

This chapter presents contributions in the design and implementation of memristor based multipliers. Minimal prior work exists for memristor-based designs for multipliers. The complexity of these designs coupled with the complexity of memristor models and their programming leads to a high design overhead. However, there have been a few prior works that have explored multipliers in the context of memristors for the IMPLY approach. Similar to Chapter 6 on adders, the focus is on four different multipliers: shiftand-add, Booth, array, and Dadda multipliers. For each multiplier, implementations using IMPLY, hybrid-CMOS, threshold gate, and MAD approaches are examined. Each implementation is explained and analyzed in terms of complexity and delay. Due to the increasing complexity of these designs, the CSTG threshold gate implementations are not considered. The component area of CSTG implementations precludes them from being desirable for these units. Recall that a single threeinput CSTG threshold gate requires three memristors, three resistors, and ten MOSFETs. Thus, for some of the more complex designs, only the GOTO pair implementations are presented. Complete schematics and simulations are also given.
Bacteriolytic therapy can generate a potent immune response against experimental tumors (2004)

When spores of the anaerobic bacterium Clostridium novyi-NT are systemically injected into animals, they germinate exclusively within the hypoxic regions of cancers. The germinated bacteria destroy adjacent tumor cells but spare a rim of well oxygenated tumor cells that subsequently expand. Surprisingly, we found that approximately 30% of mice treated with such spores were cured of their cancers despite the viable tumor rim initially remaining after spore germination. The mechanism underlying this effect was shown to be immune-mediated, because cured animals rejected a subsequent challenge of the same tumor. Similar effects were observed in rabbits with intrahepatic tumors. It was particularly notable that the induced immune response, when combined with the bacteriolytic effects of C. novyi-NT, could eradicate large established tumors.
Efficient assembly of very short oligonucleotides using T4 DNA Ligase (2010)

Oligonucleotides as short as 8 nucleotides can be efficiently assembled using T4 DNA Ligase. Thus, the construction of synthetic genes, without the need for custom oligonucleotide synthesis, appears feasible.
Short Circuit Synchronized Electric Charge Extraction (SC-SECE): a tunable interface for wideband vibration energy harvesting (2018)

In this paper, we present a new harvesting interface, called Short Circuit Synchronous Electric Charge Extraction (SC-SECE). The SC-SECE strategy includes a tunable short-circuit time thanks to two tuning parameters, $ϕ_S$ and $Δϕ$. $ϕ_S$ stands for the phase between the mechanical displacement extrema and the energy harvesting event. $Δϕ$ stands for the angular time spent in the short-circuit phase. The theoretical analysis and modelling of this short-circuit influences are derived in this paper. When associated with highly coupled harvesters, it is shown that both the harvested power and bandwidth are greatly improved. These results have been numerically validated and they demonstrate the potential of this strategy for extending the bandwidth of piezoelectric vibration energy harvesters.
Clinical response of three direct-to-consumer whitening products: strips, paint-on gel, and dentifrice. (2003)

A randomized, examiner-blind, parallel-group, 3-week clinical trial evaluated the efficacy and safety of 3, popular, direct-to-consumer whitening products: a paint-on gel, a whitening dentifrice, and whitening strips. Both the paint-on gel (18% carbamide peroxide) and the whitening strips (6% hydrogen peroxide) were peroxide-based systems, while the dual-phase whitening dentifrice incorporated surface cleaning agents and sodium fluoride, but contained no peroxide. Treatment consisted of twice-daily use over 3 weeks following label instructions, except that strips were applied only during the first 14 days as per the manufacturer's instructions. Tooth color was measured on the maxillary anterior teeth from polarized digital images. Safety was assessed by examination and subject report. A total of 48 healthy adults were randomized, and 42 completed 1 or more post-baseline visits. For the primary efficacy variable delta b*, the adjusted mean +/- standard error reduction in yellowness was -0.06 +/- 0.131 for the dentifrice with no peroxide and -0.21 +/- 0.109 for the 18% carbamide peroxide paint-on gel, compared with -2.53 +/- 0.244 for the whitening strip control. Only the strip group exhibited significant (P < 0.0001) delta b* improvement. Between-group comparisons demonstrated significant and improved whitening for the strip treatment compared with the whitening dentifrice or paint-on peroxide gel, as evidenced by the more than 2-unit improvement in delta b* at week 3. Regardless of the parameter (delta b*, delta L*, delta a*, or delta E*), this represented a significant (P < 0.0001) color improvement for the whitening strips relative to both of the comparative treatments. There were no significant differences in color improvement for the 18% carbamide peroxide paint-on gel used for up to 3 weeks continuously, compared with normal brushing with a dual-phase whitening dentifrice. All products were well tolerated, with no subjects discontinuing treatment early because of adverse events. In head-to-head testing conditions, 14-day use of the 6% hydrogen peroxide whitening strips resulted in superior improvement in tooth color compared with either of the experimental controls.
Arrayed Hollow Channels in Silk‐Based Scaffolds Provide Functional Outcomes for Engineering Critically Sized Tissue Constructs (2013)

In the field of regenerative medicine there is a need for scaffolds that support large, critically-sized tissue formation. Major limitations in reaching this goal are the delivery of oxygen and nutrients throughout the bulk of the engineered tissue as well as host tissue integration and vascularization upon implantation. To address these limitations we previously reported the development of a porous scaffold platform made from biodegradable silk protein that contains an array of vascular-like structures that extend through the bulk of the scaffold. Here we report that the hollow channels play a pivotal role in enhancing cell infiltration, delivering oxygen and nutrients to the scaffold bulk, and promoting <i>in vivo</i> host tissue integration and vascularization. The unique features of this protein biomaterial system, including the vascular structures and tunable material properties, render this scaffold a robust and versatile tool for implementation in a variety of tissue engineering, regenerative medicine and disease modeling applications.
IN-939 Based superalloys with improved weldability (2001)

This paper discusses trace element effects on the weldability of IN-939, a castable nickel-base superalloy developed for use in gas turbines. Our results show that its weldability depends on the zirconium, boron, and sulfur concentrations and on whether these elements are present together or individually. When the sulfur and boron levels in IN-939 are high, weldability decreases with increasing zirconium concentration. When the sulfur level is high but the boron level is low, weldability is highest at intermediate zirconium concentrations. At very low sulfur levels, considerably more zirconium and boron can be tolerated in IN-939 without compromising weldability. Boron by itself appears not to be deleterious to weldability. By carefully controlling the levels of these elements, the weldability of IN-939 can be improved significantly. (orig.)
A specific acylating agent for the [<sup>3</sup>H]phencyclidine receptors in rat brain (1985)

A derivative of phencyclidine (PCP, 1 in fig. 1) bearing an isothiocyanate moiety on the meta position of the aromatic ring (Metaphit, 3 in fig. 1) has been synthesized and identified as a rapid and specific site-directed acylating agent of the [3H]phencyclidine binding site in rat brain homogenates. The percentage of sites irreversibly inactivated by Metaphit was found to be the same in the hippocampus and striatum and the remaining sites were unaffected by Metaphit treatment under any conditions, suggesting that at least two distinct binding sites are present. An isomeric isothiocyanate derivative did not irreversibly inhibit [3H]phencyclidine receptors, indicating structural specificity for Metaphit in the inhibition of these receptors. The availability of Metaphit should greatly facilitate study of the structure and function of the phencyclidine receptors.