gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
<title>Restoration of images degraded by input scanner vibrations</title> (1995)

Images scanned in the presence of mechanical vibrations are subject to artifacts such as brightness fluctuation and geometric warping. The goal of this work is to develop an algorithm to invert these distortions and produce an output digital image consistent with a scanner operating under ideal uniform motion conditions. The image restoration algorithm described in this paper applies to typical office scanners that employ a moving linear sensor array (LSA) or moving optics. The velocity of the components is generally not constant in time. Dynamic errors are introduced by gears, timing belts, motors, and structural vibrations. A companion paper characterizes the artifacts induced by nonuniform velocity. In this work, we make use of the instantaneous LSA velocity to reconstruct an underlying piecewise constant or piecewise linear model of the image irradiance function. The control points for the underlying model are obtained by solving a system of equations derived to relate the observed area samples with instantaneous LSA velocity and a spatially varying sampling kernel. An efficient solution exists for the narrow band diagonal matrix that results. The control points computed with this method fully define the underlying irradiance function. That function is then suitable for resampling under ideal scanning conditions to produce a restored output digital image.
High confidence visual recognition of persons by a test of statistical independence (1993)

A method for rapid visual recognition of personal identity is described, based on the failure of a statistical test of independence. The most unique phenotypic feature visible in a person's face is the detailed texture of each eye's iris. The visible texture of a person's iris in a real-time video image is encoded into a compact sequence of multi-scale quadrature 2-D Gabor wavelet coefficients, whose most-significant bits comprise a 256-byte "iris code". Statistical decision theory generates identification decisions from Exclusive-OR comparisons of complete iris codes at the rate of 4000 per second, including calculation of decision confidence levels. The distributions observed empirically in such comparisons imply a theoretical "cross-over" error rate of one in 131000 when a decision criterion is adopted that would equalize the false accept and false reject error rates. In the typical recognition case, given the mean observed degree of iris code agreement, the decision confidence levels correspond formally to a conditional false accept probability of one in about 10/sup 31/.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Tuning and Modulation in Two Section Quantum Dot Lasers (2008)

Two section lasers enable some novel properties of quantum dots to be realised. Engineering these quantum dots results in two very different behaviours with associated application areas, shown here are optical coherence tomography and datacomms.
Novel Optically Responsive and Diffracting Materials Derived from Crystalline Colloidal Array Self-Assembly (1997)

Novel tunable and switchable diffracting devices useful in the UV, visible and IR region are fabricated through self assembly of monodisperse, highly charged colloidal particles into crystalline colloidal arrays (CCA). The particles form BCC or FCC arrays with spacings that diffract light. We fabricated devices where the particle size or spacing changes with temperature to tune the diffraction. We also fabricated nonlinear devices which switch in ~3 ns. This CCA utilizes dyed particles, which are index matched to the medium. No light is diffracted at low intensities, but at high intensities the particles heat up, their index mismatches from the medium to turn the CCA diffraction on within 5 ns.
Optimization of Organic Light Emitting Diode Devices (2015)

High performance organic light emitting diodes (OLEDs) are always sourght after in both accdemic and industry settings. In this talk, approches to screen and optimize OLED materials and device structures will be shown.
Maintaining bernoulli samples over evolving multisets (2007)

Random sampling has become a crucial component of modern data management systems. Although the literature on database sampling is large, there has been relatively little work on the problem of maintaining a sample in the presence of arbitrary insertions and deletions to the underlying dataset. Most existing maintenance techniques apply either to the insert-only case or to datasets that do not contain duplicates. In this paper, we provide a scheme that maintains a Bernoulli sample of an underlying multiset in the presence of an arbitrary stream of updates, deletions, and insertions. Importantly, the scheme never needs to access the underlying multiset. Such Bernoulli samples are easy to manipulate, and are well suited to parallel processing environments. Our method can be viewed as an enhancement of the "counting sample" scheme developed by Gibbons and Matias for estimating the frequency of highly frequent items. We show how the "tracking counters" used by our maintenance scheme can be exploited to estimate population frequencies, sums, and averages in an unbiased manner, with lower variance than the usual estimators based on a Bernoulli sample. The number of distinct items in the multiset can also be estimated without bias. Finally, we discuss certain problems of subsampling and merging that a rise in systems with limited memory resources or distributed processing, respectively.
Pareto Optimal Spectrally Selective Emitters for Thermophotovoltaics via Weak Absorber Critical Coupling (2018)

Abstract Tailoring the emission spectra of a thermophotovoltaic (TPV) emitter away from that of a blackbody has the potential to minimize transmission and thermalization loss in a photovoltaic receiver. Selective TPV emitters can lead to solar energy conversion with efficiency greater than the Shockley–Queisser limit and can facilitate the generation of useful energy from waste heat. A new design is introduced to radically tune thermal emission that leverages the interplay between two resonant phenomena in simple planar nanostructures—absorption in weakly absorbing nanofilms and reflection in multilayer dielectric stacks. A virtual screening approach is employed to identify promising structures for a selective thermal emitter from a search space of millions, several of which approach the ideal values of a step‐function selective thermal emitter. One of these structures is experimentally fabricated and evaluated, which includes a weakly absorbing alloy with tailored optical properties fabricated by atomic layer deposition (ALD). The versatility of the design and fabrication approach result in an emitter with excellent spectral density (0.8 W cm −2 sr −1 ) and spectral efficiency (46.8%) at 1373 K. Future experimental challenges to a more accurate realization of the optimal structures calculated are also considered.
A Markov-random-field-based filter for speckle reduction in ultrasound imagery (2009)

The coherent nature of ultrasound imaging inherently produces the notorious signal-dependent speckle noise. Recently, a novel approach based upon embedding the statistical and physical properties of speckle patterns into a Markov-random-field (MRF) framework was developed and demonstrated by the authors in the context of synthetic-aperture radar imaging. The contributions of this work are twofold. First, the MRF approach is extended to include a pseudo maximum-likelihood estimator of a key model parameter, making the approach fully autonomous. Second, the capability of the extended approach, called the modified MRF-based conditional-expectation approach (MRFCEA), in denoising real ultrasound imagery is demonstrated. The proposed MRFCEA approach offers superior performance over existing methods by reducing speckle noise without compromising the spatial resolution. In addition, MRFCEA is autonomous, contrary to existing methods such as the enhanced-Frost or the modified-Lee, which require user's input.
Associative holographic memory with feedback using phase-conjugate mirrors (1986)

We describe an all-optical associative memory system that uses a holographic data base. Phase-conjugate mirrors are used to provide optical feedback, thresholding, and gain. Analysis and preliminary experiments are discussed.
Three-Dimensional Vascular Network Assembly From Diabetic Patient-Derived Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells (2015)

Using our robust protocol, we can direct efficient differentiation of T1D-hiPSC to EVCs. Early endothelial cells derived from T1D-hiPSC are functional when mature. T1D-EVCs self-assembled into 3D networks when embedded in hyaluronic acid and hypoxia-inducible hydrogels. The capability of T1D-EVCs to assemble into 3D networks in engineered matrices and to respond to a hypoxic microenvironment is a significant advancement for autologous vascular therapy in diabetic patients and has broad importance for tissue engineering.
Dynamic Strain Measurement Using Small Gain Stimulated Brillouin Scattering in STFT-BOTDR (2017)

A distributed dynamic strain measurement is demonstrated using small gain stimulated Brillouin scattering (SBS) in Brillouin optical time domain reflectometry based on the short-time Fourier transform algorithm. The input power limits, frequency uncertainties for given pulse durations, fiber lengths, and the number of averaging are calculated. The output signal power and the signal-to-noise ratio of the system output are enhanced by SBS. It is found that the signal processing is faster and requires fewer averaging to achieve dynamic sensing performance along the fiber under test. A 60-Hz vibration on a 6-m fiber section at the end of a 935-m fiber is detected with the spatial resolution of 4 m with a sampling rate of 2.5 kS/s.
Multichannel LED Driver With <italic>CLL</italic> Resonant Converter (2015)

This paper presents a two-stage multichannel light-emitting diode (LED) driver, which contains a buck converter as the first stage and a multichannel constant current CLL resonant converter as the second stage. The forward current of one LED string is sensed for feedback control to regulate the bus voltage, which is the input voltage of the CLL resonant converter. Meanwhile, the currents of other strings are cross regulated. In contrast, the CLL converter is always working at the series resonant frequency to maintain high efficiency. Therefore, this two-stage LED driver could achieve high efficiency over a wide load range. Furthermore, lower dimming is easy to obtain with the regulation of the first stage. Good current balance is achieved with large magnetizing inductance, even if the loads are severely unbalanced. In addition, since the transformer's turns ratio is 1:3, the charging and discharging process of the junction capacitors of secondary-side rectifiers significantly influences the similar process of the output capacitors of primary-side switches during dead time. Meanwhile, the displacement current flowing through the transformer's interwinding capacitor impacts on the current balance among multiple LED strings. With these considerations, a two-stage LED driver prototype is built to verify its good current balance and high efficiency.
Detection of Partially Occluded Face Using Support Vector Machines. (2002)

Partially occluded face detection is need, because although the technology of the Automated Teller Machines and face detection is increased, we cannot control the people who wear sunglasses or mask for the crime. To reject the occluded face, we first trained the features of the normal faces and the occluded faces that wear sunglasses or mask using Principal Component Analysis and Support Vector Machines to reduce the dimension and classify eficiently. Then we decide that the detected face is normal or partially occluded face using the scheme that integrates the Principal Component Analysis and Support Vector Machines. In the experiments, we trained the 3200 normal face images that have the variations of illumination and expression and each 2900 and 4500 partially occluded face images that wear the sunglasses or mask with 60*25, and 60*35 resolution. We get the 95.2 % and 98.8 % partially occluded face detection ratio after face detection and 2.5 % and 0 % false alarm ratio from the experiments based on the Purdue University Face DB. The proposed algorithm which is incorporated the face detection system can help the security using the Digital Video Recorder System and face recognition 1
Petawatt laser driven cluster foils for an intense pulsed neutron source (2013)

Current work exploring a method for using a Petawatt laser to irradiate a deuterium-cluster (D-cluster) “converter foil” producing a very high (multi-MeV) energy deuteron beam. When focussed on a tritiated target this beam results in a forward favored angular distribution neutron pulse of large intensity (directional pulsed neutron source).
Photo–Roll Lithography (PRL) for Continuous and Scalable Patterning with Application in Flexible Electronics (2013)

A novel nanofabrication methodology for continuous, scalable, and geometry-tunable lithography is developed, named photo-roll lithography (PRL), by integrating photolithography with rollable processing. As a flexible mask attached to a quartz cylinder containing a UV source rolls over a photoresistcoated substrate, PRL realizes continuous photolithographic fabrication of various micro/nanoscale patterns with geometry that is tunable by controlling mask-substrate motions.
Touch Sensor Responds to Contact Pressure (1982)

Optical tactile sensor for mechanical hands senses contact pressure via change in light reflected from an elastic covering. Pressure against a cell cover causes distortion, which changes internal reflection of light. Change is sensed by detector, and output signal informs operator of contact. The greater the pressure and distortion, the greater the change in light reflection.
Energy Loss in Organic Photovoltaics: Nonfullerene Versus Fullerene Acceptors (2019)

The energy loss ${E}_{l\phantom{\rule{0}{0ex}}o\phantom{\rule{0}{0ex}}s\phantom{\rule{0}{0ex}}s}$ seen in organic photovoltaics sets a fundamental limit to their open-circuit voltage, and hence power conversion efficiency. This study compares molecular structures of fullerene and nonfullerene acceptors and quantifies the relationship between ${E}_{l\phantom{\rule{0}{0ex}}o\phantom{\rule{0}{0ex}}s\phantom{\rule{0}{0ex}}s}$, exciton binding energy, and intra- and intermolecular electron-phonon couplings. Molecular design strategies derived from this analysis provide elementary approaches to reduce ${E}_{l\phantom{\rule{0}{0ex}}o\phantom{\rule{0}{0ex}}s\phantom{\rule{0}{0ex}}s}$ yet also achieve efficient exciton dissociation. While addressing the source of ${E}_{l\phantom{\rule{0}{0ex}}o\phantom{\rule{0}{0ex}}s\phantom{\rule{0}{0ex}}s}$ is particularly relevant for solar cells, it has wide-ranging implications for any system with an organic heterojunction.
A Reduced Order Approach for the Vibration of Mistuned Bladed Disk Assemblies (1997)

A reduced order approach is introduced in this paper that can be used to predict the steady-state response of mistuned bladed disks. This approach takes results directly from a finite element analysis of a tuned system and, based on the assumption of rigid blade base motion, constructs a computationally efficient mistuned model with a reduced number of degrees of freedom. Based on a comparison of results predicted by different approaches, it is concluded that: The reduced order model displays structural fidelity comparable to that of a finite element model of the entire bladed disk system with significantly improved computational efficiency; and under certain circumstances both the finite element model and the reduced order model predict quite different response from simple spring-mass models.
Biodegradable Kojic Acid-Based Polymers: Controlled Delivery of Bioactives for Melanogenesis Inhibition (2016)

Kojic acid (KA) is a naturally occurring fungal metabolite that is utilized as a skin-lightener and antibrowning agent owing to its potent tyrosinase inhibition activity. While efficacious, KA's inclination to undergo pH-mediated, thermal-, and photodegradation reduces its efficacy, necessitating stabilizing vehicles. To minimize degradation, poly(carbonate-esters) and polyesters comprised of KA and natural diacids were prepared via solution polymerization methods. In vitro hydrolytic degradation analyses revealed KA release was drastically influenced by polymer backbone composition (e.g., poly(carbonate-ester) vs polyester), linker molecule (aliphatic vs heteroatom-containing), and release conditions (physiological vs skin). Tyrosinase inhibition assays demonstrated that aliphatic KA dienols, the major degradation product under skin conditions, were more potent then KA itself. All dienols were found to be less toxic than KA at all tested concentrations. Additionally, the most lipophilic dienols were statistically more effective than KA at inhibiting melanin biosynthesis in cells. These KA-based polymer systems deliver KA analogues with improved efficacy and cytocompatible profiles, making them ideal candidates for sustained topical treatments in both medical and personal care products.
A Chemical Switch for Transforming a Purine Agonist for Toll-like Receptor 7 to a Clinically Relevant Antagonist (2020)

Toll-like receptor 7 (TLR7) is an established therapeutic target in myriad autoimmune disorders, but no TLR7 antagonist is available for clinical use to date. Herein, we report a purine scaffold TLR7 antagonist, first-of-its-kind to our knowledge, which was developed by rationally dissecting the structural requirements for TLR7-targeted activity for a purine scaffold. Specifically, we identified a singular chemical switch at C-2 that could make a potent purine scaffold TLR7 agonist to lose agonism and acquire antagonist activity, which could further be potentiated by the introduction of an additional basic center at C-6. We ended up developing a clinically relevant TLR7 antagonist with favorable pharmacokinetics and 70.8% oral bioavailability in mice. Moreover, the TLR7 antagonists depicted excellent selectivity against TLR8. To further validate the <i>in vivo</i> applicability of this novel TLR7 antagonist, we demonstrated its excellent efficacy in preventing TLR7-induced pathology in a preclinical murine model of psoriasis.
Symbolic Priors for RNN-based Semantic Parsing (2018)

Seq2seq models based on Recurrent Neural Networks (RNNs) have recently received a lot of attention in the domain of Semantic Parsing for Question Answering. While in principle they can be trained directly on pairs (natural language utterances, logical forms), their performance is limited by the amount of available data. To alleviate this problem, we propose to exploit various sources of prior knowledge: the well-formedness of the logical forms is modeled by a weighted context-free grammar; the likelihood that certain entities present in the input utterance are also present in the logical form is modeled by weighted finite-state automata. The grammar and automata are combined together through an efficient intersection algorithm to form a soft guide ("background") to the RNN. We test our method on an extension of the Overnight dataset and show that it not only strongly improves over an RNN baseline, but also outperforms non-RNN models based on rich sets of hand-crafted features.
Identifizierung und Synthese von Dimethylalkanen als Sexuallockstoffe weiblicher Miniermotten (Lyonetiidae) / Identification and Synthesis of Dimethylalkanes as Sex Attractants of Female Leaf Miner Moths (Lyonetiidae) (1988)

Abstract 5,9-Dimethylheptadecane and 5,9-dimethylpentadecane represent major components of the sex pheromones of females of the leafminer moths Leucoptera scitella and Perileucoptera coffeella respectively; 5,9-dimethylhexadecane was found in both species as a minor component. These branched chiral hydrocarbons represent a new type of Lepidopteran pheromones, for which simple syntheses are described.
Nonlinear Model Predictive Control of a Diesel Engine Air Path: A Comparison of Constraint Handling and Computational Strategies (2015)

This paper presents the development of a Nonlinear Model Predictive Controller (NMPC) for the diesel engine air path. The objective is to regulate the intake manifold pressure (MAP) and compressor ow (MAF) to the specified set-points by coordinated control of the variable geometry turbine (VGT), and exhaust gas recirculation (EGR) valve. The use of NMPC for the diesel engine air path is motivated by the ability of the controller to deal with nonlinear engine dynamics and handle input and output constraints. However, the Engine Control Unit (ECU) has limited computational resources and the addition of constraints can greatly increase the computational complexity of NMPC. A comparative assessment of the computation time and constraint violation for different constraint handling techniques is presented. The ability of NMPC to regulate MAP and MAF to specified set-points and to enforce constraints is demonstrated through nonlinear model simulations over the New European Drive Cycle (NEDC).
Bleidioxidverbundelektroden für die Elektrosynthese, I Abscheidung von β-Bleidioxid auf Titan / Leaddioxide Electrodes for Electrosynthesis, I Deposition of β-Leaddioxide on Titanium (1976)

Noble metal electrodes do not stand the tests for anodic electro syntheses in technical applications. Mainly due to the high oxygen overvoltage lead dioxide can act as substitute. A novel process for the preparation of lead dioxide coated titanium anodes is described. The important procedure is a treatment of the clean titanium surface with a Ti(IV)-containing solution. By scanning electron microscopy it is established that three dimensional nucleation takes place. Lead dioxide anodes prepared following this process until now have livetimes of better than 3400 hours
A cDNA presumptively coding for the .alpha. subunit of the receptor with high affinity for immunoglobulin E [Erratum to document cited in CA107(7):53218m] (1988)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleA cDNA presumptively coding for the .alpha. subunit of the receptor with high affinity for immunoglobulin E [Erratum to document cited in CA107(7):53218m]J. P. Kinet, H. Metzger, J. Hakimi, and J. KochanCite this: Biochemistry 1988, 27, 23, 8694Publication Date (Print):November 15, 1988Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 15 November 1988https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/bi00423a033https://doi.org/10.1021/bi00423a033research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views12Altmetric-Citations-LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts