gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
CCAAT/Enhancer-binding Protein β Plays a Regulatory Role in Differentiation and Apoptosis of Neuroblastoma Cells (2002)

The C/EBPbeta (CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein beta) is a transcription factor that belongs to basic region-leucine zipper class DNA-binding proteins. There is a significant body of evidence that suggests that this protein plays a central role in adipocytic and eosinophilic differentiation. However, there is no information available regarding the role of this transcription factor in the development of mammalian neuronal tissues. In this study, we have examined the effect of C/EBPbeta overexpression on the differentiation and survival of mouse Neuro2A cells. We found that C/EBPbeta induces neuronal differentiation and that this process is inhibited by transfection with the C/EBP homologous protein 10 (CHOP), strongly suggesting that the extension of neurites is indeed due to the C/EBPbeta transcriptional activity. As it has been suggested in adipocyte differentiation, here we show that C/EBPbeta induces the expression of the endogenous C/EBPalpha gene and that this protein by itself is also able to induce a differentiated phenotype in Neuro2A cells. Neuronal differentiation induced by C/EBPbeta requires activation of the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase signaling pathway, whereas inhibition of the mitogen-activated protein kinase signaling does not have any effect. In addition, we show that C/EBPbeta is expressed in the brain of neonatal rats, suggesting that this protein could play an important role in neuronal maturation. Finally, cell death was also induced by C/EBPbeta through activation of the p53 protein and the cdk inhibitor p21.
Review of progress in Fast Ignition (2005)

Marshall Rosenbluth’s extensive contributions included seminal analysis of the physics of the laser-plasma interaction and review and advocacy of the inertial fusion program. Over the last decade he avidly followed the efforts of many scientists around the world who have studied Fast Ignition, an alternate form of inertial fusion. In this scheme, the fuel is first compressed by a conventional inertial confinement fusion driver and then ignited by a short (∼10ps) pulse, high-power laser. Due to technological advances, such short-pulse lasers can focus power equivalent to that produced by the hydrodynamic stagnation of conventional inertial fusion capsules. This review will discuss the ignition requirements and gain curves starting from simple models and then describe how these are modified, as more detailed physics understanding is included. The critical design issues revolve around two questions: How can the compressed fuel be efficiently assembled? And how can power from the driver be delivered efficiently to the ignition region? Schemes to shorten the distance between the critical surface where the ignitor laser energy is nominally deposited and the ignition region will de discussed. The current status of Fast Ignition research is compared with our requirements for success. Future research directions will also be outlined.
Effects of hematopoietic growth factors on in vitro colony formation by human megakaryocyte progenitor cells. (1988)

In order to study the effects of recombinant and purified hematopoietic growth factors on megakaryocyte (MK) progenitor cells (CFU-MK), enriched populations of human CFU-MK were isolated utilizing fluorescence activated cell sorting after labelling of cells with monoclonal antibodies exhibiting specificity to the My10 (HPCA-1) antigen and the major histocompatibility (MHC) class II (HLA-DR) locus. The CFU-MK cloning efficiency (CE) was 1.1 +/- 0.5% for cells expressing both high densities of My10 and low densities of HLA-DR (My10 DR+). This procedure resulted in an 18 fold increase in CE over NALT- cells. The effects of natural or recombinant human hematopoietic growth factors including erythropoietin (Epo), thrombocytopoiesis stimulating factor (TSF), interleukin 1 alpha (IL-1 alpha), granulocyte colony stimulating factor (G-CSF), granulocyte-macrophage colony stimulating factor (GM-CSF), macrophage colony stimulating factor (CSF-1), and interleukin 3 (IL-3) on MK colony formation by My10 DR+ cells were determined utilizing a defined medium assay system. Neither Epo, TSF, CSF-1, IL-1 alpha nor G-CSF alone augmented MK colony formation above baseline (2.5 +/- 0.8 per 5 x 10(3) My10 DR+ cells plated). By contrast, the addition of GM-CSF and IL-3 each increased CFU-MK colony formation with maximal stimulation occurring following the addition of 200 units/ml of IL-3 and 100 units/ml of GM-CSF. At maximal concentration, IL-3 had a greater ability to promote megakaryocyte colony formation than GM-CSF.
Electrochemical Properties of Graphite-Silicon Milled Nanocomposite as a Lithium Battery Anode Material (2012)

Abstract not Available.
Impact of dietary nitrate supplementation via beetroot juice on exercising muscle vascular control in rats (2012)

Dietary nitrate (NO(3)(-)) supplementation, via its reduction to nitrite (NO(2)(-)) and subsequent conversion to nitric oxide (NO) and other reactive nitrogen intermediates, reduces blood pressure and the O(2) cost of submaximal exercise in humans. Despite these observations, the effects of dietary NO(3)(-) supplementation on skeletal muscle vascular control during locomotory exercise remain unknown. We tested the hypotheses that dietary NO(3)(-) supplementation via beetroot juice (BR) would reduce mean arterial pressure (MAP) and increase hindlimb muscle blood flow in the exercising rat. Male Sprague-Dawley rats (3-6 months) were administered either NO(3)(-) (via beetroot juice; 1 mmol kg(-1) day(-1), BR n = 8) or untreated (control, n = 11) tap water for 5 days. MAP and hindlimb skeletal muscle blood flow and vascular conductance (radiolabelled microsphere infusions) were measured during submaximal treadmill running (20 m min(-1), 5% grade). BR resulted in significantly lower exercising MAP (control: 137 ± 3, BR: 127 ± 4 mmHg, P < 0.05) and blood [lactate] (control: 2.6 ± 0.3, BR: 1.9 ± 0.2 mm, P < 0.05) compared to control. Total exercising hindlimb skeletal muscle blood flow (control: 108 ± 8, BR: 150 ± 11 ml min(-1) (100 g)(-1), P < 0.05) and vascular conductance (control: 0.78 ± 0.05, BR: 1.16 ± 0.10 ml min(-1) (100 g)(-1) mmHg(-1), P < 0.05) were greater in rats that received BR compared to control. The relative differences in blood flow and vascular conductance for the 28 individual hindlimb muscles and muscle parts correlated positively with their percentage type IIb + d/x muscle fibres (blood flow: r = 0.74, vascular conductance: r = 0.71, P < 0.01 for both). These data support the hypothesis that NO(3)(-) supplementation improves vascular control and elevates skeletal muscle O(2) delivery during exercise predominantly in fast-twitch type II muscles, and provide a potential mechanism by which NO(3)(-) supplementation improves metabolic control.
ChemInform Abstract: The Phosphonate‐Phosphate and Phosphate‐Phosphonate Rearrangement and Their Applications. Part 5. On the Reaction of s‐Butyllithium/TMEDA with Symmetrical Trialkyl Phosphates. (1998)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Frequent Detection of Merkel Cell Polyomavirus in Human Merkel Cell Carcinomas and Identification of a Unique Deletion in the <i>VP1</i> Gene (2008)

Merkel cell carcinoma (MCC) is a rare but very aggressive human malignancy of the elderly or immunosuppressed patients. Recently, the clonal integration of a new human polyoma virus, which was termed Merkel cell polyomavirus (MCPyV), has been reported in 8 of 10 MCC patients. In the present study, we studied the formalin-fixed and paraffin-embedded tissue specimens of 39 MCC for the presence of MCPyV by PCR. We applied four different primer sets directed against the large T antigen and the VP1 gene of MCPyV. We were able to detect MCPyV in 77% (n = 30) of MCC as confirmed by sequence analyses of the PCR products. Sequence analyses showed only minor nucleotide changes compared with the previously published MCC sequences. In addition, one patient revealed the amplification of two PCR products using PCR primers directed against the VP1 gene. Sequence analyses confirmed the presence of the expected 351-bp PCR product and in addition a second PCR product of 261 bp containing a unique 90-bp deletion in the VP1 gene, which will lead to a predicted loss of 28 amino acids. The unique 90-bp deletion within the VP1 gene possibly is a result of incomplete viral integration of MCPyV in the MCC. The presence of MCPyV in the majority of MCC tissue specimens in our study strongly underlines a possible role for MCPyV as an etiologic agent in the carcinogenesis of MCC.
ALK inhibitors and advanced non-small cell lung cancer (Review) (2014)

Treatment of unselected patients with advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) receiving third-generation platinum-based chemotherapy has reached a plateau of effectiveness. Histology and molecular analyses are the cornerstone in the initial diagnosis of NSCLC and are key determinants to address the appropriate strategy of treatment. In non-squamous histology the combination of cisplatin plus pemetrexed or carboplatin plus paclitaxel plus bevacizumab are considered today the best regimens yielding better activity and efficacy. Epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs), such as gefitinib, erlotinib or afatinib are the standard-of-care for patients with advanced NSCLC harbouring activating EGFR mutations. The identification of anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK) rearrangements in 2-5% of NSCLC patients led to the rapid clinical development of its oral TKI, crizotinib, also targeting the proto-oncogene MET and ROS1. The results reported from the first phase III trial showed superiority of crizotinib compared with standard chemotherapy in second-line treatment of ALK-positive NSCLC, which was recently approved in several countries in this setting. Unfortunately, after initial activity of crizotinib, patients will ultimately develop acquired resistances within 1 or 2 years of therapy. A second generation of ALK inhibitors, such as LDK378, alectinib and AP26113 may represent a promising treatment approach: they are under investigation with very promising early results. This review discusses ALK rearrangements, the clinical development and use of crizotinib, and other ALK-TKIs in advanced NSCLC.
Rugged surface polycrystalline silicon film deposition and its application in a stacked dynamic random access memory capacitor electrode (1996)

Rugged surface polycrystalline silicon (poly-Si) films deposited by low-pressure chemical vapor deposition have been studied and the films have been applied to a storage electrode for stacked dynamic random access memory capacitors. The surface morphology of the films was drastically affected by growth conditions and by the film thickness. However, the rugged surface poly-Si was characterized by the growth of grains that have 〈311〉 preferred orientation. The grains had grown on the amorphous Si surface just after deposition in the low-pressure chemical vapor deposition furnace. It was observed that the amorphous Si films deposited at the transition temperature between amorphous and polycrystalline Si have small crystalline particles in the films. We surmise that the nucleation sites of rugged surface poly-Si grains are small crystalline particles in amorphous Si near the surface, because the amorphous Si films deposited at high SiH4 pressure and low temperature (less than 540 °C) that have no crystalline particles in the film show no grain growth of rugged surface poly-Si. Stacked capacitors were fabricated using rugged surface poly-Si films and thin silicon nitride dielectric films. It was found that the thin poly-Si film electrode about 100 nm thick deposited at 570 °C shows 2.5 times more surface area than that of the conventional poly-Si film electrode. A rugged surface poly-Si electrode deposited under optimized growth conditions is promising for high density dynamic random access memory with stacked capacitor cells.
Artificial Intelligence: expert systems for exploration (1986)

Hydrocarbon exploration is very competitive and often, increasingly often in many areas of the world, involves high risk. It usually requires large financial commitments and, because of this, the exploration industry has historically been one of the very first to put new advances in high technology and computer technology to practical use. Geophysicists, geologists and engineers want to limit the risk factor as much as possible and this requires taking full advantage of any available tools.
An EDGE/GSM quad-band CMOS power amplifier (2011)

Although Si CMOS PAs for mobile applications have demonstrated specification-compliant performance over the last several years, Si CMOS has not been widely employed in cellular PA applications due to certain inferior properties of its power capability, PAE, and breakdown to its counterparts such as GaAs and SiGe BJTs. However, research conducted in the past decade has enabled commercially available cellular switching CMOS PAs for constant envelope modulation such as GSM applications. This successful implementation of a GSM PA called forth a demand for a combination of linear EDGE operation with GSM operation in order to increase data rate up to 384kb/s while using legacy infrastructures. The challenges of implementation of a dual-mode CMOS PA arise from required linearity for high peak-to-average-power ratio, which forces the PA to operate at power back-off from the P <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">1dB</sub> and results in inevitable low efficiency. Although a CMOS EDGE/GSM PA was reported in the past, the application was intended for Class-E3 operation. The presented PA is an EDGE/GSM dual-mode, quad-band CMOS cellular application PA satisfying the requirement for power Class-E2 operation.
Highly scalable flash memory with novel deep trench isolation embedded into highperformance cmos for the 90nm node & amp; beyond (2006)

A flash memory cell with 90nm ground-rules has been embedded in a high performance (HP) CMOS logic process. A deep trench isolation (DTi) process module enables an isolated Pwell (IPW) bias scheme for the first time, leading to flash write/erase (W/E) by FN tunneling without GIDL, a key feature for low-power (LP) electronics. IPW leads to a compact cell design and a highly scalable high-voltage (HV) periphery through the narrow intrawell and interwell isolation spaces. The memory arrays are defined by DTi of each bitline (BL) from its neighboring BL. The HV bias can be scaled with a carefully designed retrograde triple-well that enables a symmetrical gate-well bias
Towards semantic modeling of intentional pervasive information systems (2011)

A Pervasive Information System (PIS) provides a new vision of Information System (IS) that intends to make them available anytime and anywhere. PIS evolve in a space of services including physical ones embedded on the physical world, and logical ones representing traditional IS. However, this system should be modeled in such a way that enhances the transparency and efficiency of the system. Thus, we believe that a user-centric vision taking into account user's intention is needed to ensure an evolution with transparency in a frequently changing space. The objective of this paper is to propose a semantic modeling of an intentional PIS based on a semantic service description that considers both intention corresponding to the service and context in which it is supposed to be valid and executed.
Prelimiary In Vivo Studies of Microbubbles as MRI Susceptibility Contrast Agent (2003)

Microbubble has been used as ultrasound contrast agent to enhance backscattering for years. Its application in MRI as a unique susceptibility contrast agent is not fully explored. In this preliminary study, the use of microbubble contrast agent, Optison, as a MR susceptibility contrast agent is demonstrated in vivo for the first time with rat liver imaging at horizontal 9.4T and mouse liver imaging at vertical 9.4T. In vitro measurements of ∆R2 and ∆R2* of Optison solution are also -1 . The typical signal recovery curve measured is shown in Fig. 1. The top and bottom curves correspond to spin echo measurement (TE=7ms) and gradient echo measurement (TE=1.7ms), respectively. In vivo sensitivity of Optison as a MR susceptibility contrast agent was demonstrated by Optison IV bolus injection and dynamic T2* weighted imaging. For the rat study, axial liver images were acquired for 25 minutes during which contrast agent was injected at 8th minute. One slice of liver image is shown in Fig. 2. A ROI is drawn in the liver region, with the corresponding signal time course plotted in Fig. 3. The FWHM of the response function was about 2.4 minutes and the contrast effect completely disappeared after 5.5 minutes. The strongest signal drop was about 35%. Similar results were found in mouse liver study on the vertical 9.4T system. Fig. 4 shows T1-weighted anatomical image (left) and the calculated ∆R2* map (right). The maximum signal drop was about 50%. The FWHM of the response is about 2.4 minutes. CONCLUDISON The potential of microbubbles as MR susceptibility contrast agent was demonstrated here in vivo for the first time in rat and mouse liver though they can be applicable to other organs. In vitro measurements of ∆R2 and ∆R2* of Optison solution were reported. Significant signal change was observed in the liver, indicating Optison may have useable sensitivity as a susceptibility MRI contrast agent. Several issues remain to be investigated. For example, microbubbles have relatively weak susceptibility effects. It is possible that their MRI susceptibility effect can be significantly enhanced through optimization of bubble size distribution, property of the coating shell, and property of the core gas. Microbubbles have the potential to serve as a unique MRI contrast agent. Specific applications of microbubble to detect refilling kinetics in interventional MR procedure and perfusion measurement were proposed.
Region Deformer Networks for Unsupervised Depth Estimation from Unconstrained Monocular Videos (2019)

While learning based depth estimation from images/videos has achieved substantial progress, there still exist intrinsic limitations. Supervised methods are limited by a small amount of ground truth or labeled data and unsupervised methods for monocular videos are mostly based on the static scene assumption, not performing well on real world scenarios with the presence of dynamic objects. In this paper, we propose a new learning based method consisting of DepthNet, PoseNet and Region Deformer Networks (RDN) to estimate depth from unconstrained monocular videos without ground truth supervision. The core contribution lies in RDN for proper handling of rigid and non-rigid motions of various objects such as rigidly moving cars and deformable humans. In particular, a deformation based motion representation is proposed to model individual object motion on 2D images. This representation enables our method to be applicable to diverse unconstrained monocular videos. Our method can not only achieve the state-of-the-art results on standard benchmarks KITTI and Cityscapes, but also show promising results on a crowded pedestrian tracking dataset, which demonstrates the effectiveness of the deformation based motion representation. Code and trained models are available at https://github.com/haofeixu/rdn4depth.
Using Purely Sinusoidal Voltammetry for Rapid Inference of Surface-Confined Electrochemical Reaction Parameters (2021)

Alternating current (AC) voltammetric techniques are experimentally powerful as they enable Faradaic current to be isolated from non-Faradaic contributions. Finding the best global fit between experimental voltammetric data and simulations based on reaction models requires searching a substantial parameter space at high resolution. In this paper, we estimate parameters from purely sinusoidal voltammetry (PSV) experiments, investigating the redox reactions of a surface-confined ferrocene derivative. The advantage of PSV is that a complete experiment can be simulated relatively rapidly, compared to other AC voltammetric techniques. In one example involving thermodynamic dispersion, a PSV parameter inference effort requiring 7,500,000 simulations was completed in 7 h, whereas the same process for our previously used technique, ramped Fourier transform AC voltammetry (ramped FTACV), would have taken 4 days. Using both synthetic and experimental data with a surface confined diazonium substituted ferrocene derivative, it is shown that the PSV technique can be used to recover the key chemical and physical parameters. By applying techniques from Bayesian inference and Markov chain Monte Carlo methods, the confidence, distribution, and degree of correlation of the recovered parameters was visualized and quantified.
Construction and Rescue of a Functional Synthetic Baculovirus (2017)

Synthetic viruses provide a powerful platform to delve deeper into the nature and function of viruses as well as to engineer viruses with novel properties. So far, most synthetic viruses have been RNA viruses (<30 kb) and small DNA viruses, such as bacteriophage phiX174. Baculoviruses contain a large circular dsDNA genome of 80-180 kb and have been used as biocontrol agents and protein expression vectors. Here, we report on the first synthesis of a baculovirus based on the type species Autographa californica nucleopolyhedrovirus, AcMNPV, by a combination of PCR and transformation-associated recombination in yeast. The synthetic genome, designated AcMNPV-WIV-Syn1, is 145 299 bp comprising the complete genome of AcMNPV except for the hr4a locus that was replaced with an ∼11.5 kb cassette of bacterial and yeast artificial chromosomal elements and an egfp gene. Sf9 insect cells were transfected with AcMNPV-WIV-Syn1 DNA and progeny virus was examined by electron microscopy, and assayed in one-step growth curves and oral infectivity. The results conclusively showed that the rescued virus AcMNPV-WIV-Syn1 had structural and biological properties comparable to the parental virus. We validated a proof of concept that a bona fide baculovirus can be synthesized. The new platform allows manipulation at any or multiple loci and will facilitate future studies such as identifying the minimal baculovirus genome and construction of better expression vectors. This is the largest DNA virus synthesized so far, and its success is likely to be the impetus to stimulate the fields of other large DNA viruses such as herpesviruses and poxviruses.
Engineering oncolytic viruses to exploit tumor specific defects in innate immune signaling pathways (2009)

Innate responses to viral infections are complex involving i) viral detection; ii) induction of interferon and other cytokines; and iii) establishment of an antiviral state. Oncolytic viruses are engineered to be susceptible to antiviral responses in normal cells. Cancers can be partially vulnerable to these viruses because they have defective antiviral responses but the antitumor potency of physiologically targeted viruses may be significantly diminished.