gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
High Permittivity from Defective Multiwalled Carbon Nanotubes in the X‐Band (2003)

Defective multiwalled carbon nanotubes display higher real permittivity than graphitic carbon nanotubes (CNTs). That is the conclusion of the study presented here in which the permittivity of Fe‐filled and boron‐doped CNTs in the X‐band is compared with that of graphitic CNTs made by arc discharge. However, the imaginary parts of the permittivity are still very low in all three cases. This finding indicates that defective CNTs are excellent dielectric materials and can be used as supercapacitor components, i.e., high‐energy storage systems.
Unique platinum–DNA interactions may lead to more effective platinum-based antitumor drugs (2011)

Platinum coordination compounds are among the most utilized anticancer agents, even though platinum has not been determined to be an essential trace element in any living organism. The success of platinum-based drugs has catalyzed research on other metal-containing agents that can be used to achieve therapeutic goals that cannot be achieved with organic compounds. The antitumor activities of recently reported platinum(ii) complexes indicate that further modification of platinum coordination compounds will lead to the development of anticancer agents with higher efficacies against chemotherapy-insensitive tumors.
Cell and tissue engineering and clinical applications: An overview (2006)

Most human tissues do not regenerate spontaneously; this is why cell therapies and tissue engineering are promising alternatives. The principle is simple: cells are collected in a patient and introduced in the damaged tissue or in a tridimentional porous support and harvested in a bioreactor in which the physico-chemical and mechanical parameters are controlled. Once the tissues (or the cells) are mature they may be implanted. In parallel, the development of biotherapies with stem cells is a field of research in turmoil given the hopes for clinical applications that it brings up. Embryonic stem cells are potentially more interesting since they are totipotent, but they can only be obtained at the very early stages of the embryo. The potential of adult stem cells is limited but isolating them induces no ethical problem and it has been known for more than 40 years that bone marrow does possess the regenerating functions of blood cells. Finally, the properties of foetal stem cells (blood cells from the umbilical cord) are forerunners of the haematopoietic system but the ability of these cells to participate to the formation of other tissues is more problematic. Another field for therapeutic research is that of dendritic cells, antigen presenting cells. Their efficiency in cell therapy relies on the initiation of specific immune responses. They represent a promising tool in the development of a protective immune response against antigens which the host is usually unable to generate an efficient response (melanomas, breast against cancer, prostate cancer, ..). Finally, gene therapy, has been nourishing high hopes but few clinical applications can be envisaged in the short term, although potential applications are multiple (haemophilia, myopathies, ..). A large number of clinical areas stand as candidates for clinical applications: leukaemia and cancers, cardiac insufficiency and vascular diseases, cartilage and bone repair, ligaments and tendons, liver diseases, ophthalmology, diabetes, neurological diseases (Parkinson, Huntington disease, ..), .. Various aspects of this new regenerative therapeutic medicine are developed in this work.
Improved bioavailability of curcumin in liposomes prepared using a pH-driven, organic solvent-free, easily scalable process (2017)

pH-driven method, an organic solvent-free and easily scale-upable method, was firstly utilized to prepared curcumin-loaded liposomes.
Postoperative apnea of ex-premature infants after inguinal herniorrhaphy (2014)

Objectives: We tried to find out the impact of anesthetic drugs, being used recently, on the occurrence of postanesthetic apnea (PAA) after inguinal hernia repair in premature infants. 
Methods: A retrospective chart review of 61 ex-premature infants undergoing inguinal hernia repair from March 2010 to December 2013 was undertaken. Collected data included gestational age at birth, postconceptual age (PCA), weight at birth, weigh at surgery, past and current medical history, type of inhalation anesthetics, type of muscle relaxants, anesthetic record, and presence of apnea. 
Results: The incidence of postanesthetic apnea was 4.9% and its 95% exact confidence interval calculated by the Clopper-Pearson method was 1.0% to 13.7%. Type of anesthetic durgs (sevoflurane vs. desflurane and atracurium vs. rocuronium) showed no statistical difference. A significant difference was observed in bronchopulmonary dysplasia (p=0.03), weight at surgery (p=0.03) and PCA (p=0.02) between the PAA group and non-PAA group. 
Conclusion: Compared to the drugs used in the past, currently used general anethetics seem to be more secure. Selection of the type of inhalation anesthetics between sevoflurane and desflurane, and muscle relaxants between atracurium and rocuronium can be made with confidence.
A pH‐Responsive Drug‐Delivery Platform Based on Glycol Chitosan–Coated Liposomes (2015)

pH-responsive liposomes are prepared by conjugating glycol chitosan (GC) to the outer lipid membrane. This functionalization allows the liposomes to transition from a negative charge at physiologic pH to a positive charge in the acidic extracellular tumor microenvironment. Upon obtaining a positive charge, the GC-liposomes loaded with doxorubicin exhibited enhanced cellular uptake and improved anticancer efficacy. As a service to our authors and readers, this journal provides supporting information supplied by the authors. Such materials are peer reviewed and may be re-organized for online delivery, but are not copy-edited or typeset. Technical support issues arising from supporting information (other than missing files) should be addressed to the authors. Please note: The publisher is not responsible for the content or functionality of any supporting information supplied by the authors. Any queries (other than missing content) should be directed to the corresponding author for the article.
Total syntheses of a conformationally locked North-type methanocarba puromycin analogue and a dinucleotide derivative (2009)

International audience
Antifungal Nanoparticles and Surfaces (2010)

Nosocomial fungal infections, an increasing healthcare concern worldwide, are often associated with medical devices. We have developed antifungal nanoparticle conjugates that can act in suspension or attach to a surface, efficiently killing fungi. For that purpose, we immobilized covalently amphotericin B (AmB), a potent antifungal agent approved by the FDA, widely used in clinical practice and effective against a large spectrum of fungi, into silica nanoparticles. These antifungal nanoparticle conjugates are fungicidal against several strains of Candida sp., mainly by contact. In addition, they can be reused up to 5 cycles without losing their activity. Our results show that the antifungal nanoparticle conjugates are more fungistatic and fungicidal than 10 nm colloidal silver. The antifungal activity of the antifungal nanoparticle conjugates is maintained when they are immobilized on a surface using a chemical adhesive formed by polydopamine. The antifungal nanocoatings have no hemolytic or cytotoxic effect against red blood cells and blood mononuclear cells, respectively. Surfaces coated with these antifungal nanoparticle conjugates can be very useful to render medical devices with antifungal properties.
One-step real-time duplex reverse transcription PCRs simultaneously quantify analyte and housekeeping gene mRNAs (2004)

We developed a one-step real-time duplex reverse transcription PCR (RT-PCR) method using the LightCycler platform. This method allows simultaneous reverse transcription and real-time PCR amplification of two mRNAs of specific genes of interest (analyte genes) and mRNA of constantly transcribed genes (housekeeping genes) in a single-tube reaction. Specimen total nucleic acids were used because eukaryotic cDNA is discriminated from genomic DNA using exon-spanning primers and/or fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET) probes. Transcripts of murine arginase I and hypoxanthine-phosphoribosyl transferase (HPRT; housekeeping gene) or murine arginase II analyte and porphobilinogen deaminase (PBGD; housekeeping gene) were quantified in such duplex RT-PCRs. Twenty-minute reverse transcription reactions at 55 degrees C followed by 18 high-stringency step-down thermal cycles and 25 relaxed-stringency fluorescence acquisition cycles produced sensitive and accurate RT-PCR results. Fluorescent signal spillover between channels was fully compensated. A matrix of duplex PCRs at variable ratios of target standards yielded equations for factors that correct PCR-specific target ratio-dependent deviations in quantification. The one-step real-time duplex RT-PCRs reliably and accurately determined 10-10,000 copies of each target over a 100,000-fold range of target copy ratios (analyte to housekeeping mRNA = 10(-2.5)-10(2.5)) in a single assay.
Technical report. Video imaging of ethidium bromide-stained DNA gels with surface UV illumination. (1994)

We describe here the use of surface UV illumination to record ethidium bromide-stained DNA gels with a video camera. This mode of illumination allows the use of a standard video camera equipped with a red filter and results in a high signal strength. The assembly of a low-cost video system on this basis is described. It uses the public domain software called Image on a Macintosh computer and PostScript laser printer or a thermal printer to generate hard copies. The setup is sensitive enough to detect 500 pg of DNA on an ethidium bromide-stained DNA gel. The UV illumination method described here can also greatly improve the sensitivity of existing video recording equipment.
Sphingosine 1-phosphate stimulates Rho-mediated tyrosine phosphorylation of focal adhesion kinase and paxillin in Swiss 3T3 fibroblasts (1997)

Sphingosine 1-phosphate (SPP), a sphingolipid second messenger implicated in the mitogenic action of platelet-derived growth factor [Olivera, A. and Spiegel, S. (1993) Nature (London) 365, 557-560], induced rapid reorganization of the actin cytoskeleton resulting in stress-fibre formation. SPP also induced transient tyrosine phosphorylation of focal adhesion kinase (p125(FAK)), a cytosolic tyrosine kinase that localizes in focal adhesions, and of the cytoskeleton-associated protein paxillin. Exoenzyme C3 transferase, which ADP-ribosylates Rho (a Ras-related small GTP binding protein) on asparagine-41 and renders it biologically inactive, inhibited both stress-fibre formation and protein tyrosine phosphorylation induced by SPP. Thus Rho may be an upstream regulator of both stress-fibre formation and tyrosine phosphorylation of p125(FAK) and paxillin. Pretreatment with PMA, an activator of protein kinase C (PKC), inhibited the stimulation of stress-fibre formation induced by 1-oleoyl-lysophosphatidic acid (LPA) but not that by SPP. Similarly, PMA also decreased LPA-induced tyrosine phosphorylation of p125(FAK) and paxillin without abrogating the response to SPP. Thus PKC is involved in LPA- but not SPP-dependent signalling. The polyanionic drug suramin, a broad-specificity inhibitor of ligand-receptor interactions, did not inhibit either the mitogenic effect of SPP or its stimulation of tyrosine phosphorylation of p125(FAK). However, suramin markedly inhibited these responses induced by LPA. These results suggest that in contrast with LPA, SPP may be acting intracellularly in Swiss 3T3 fibroblasts to stimulate tyrosine phosphorylation of p125(FAK) and paxillin and cell growth.
Addressing mobile information overload in the universal inbox through lenses (2010)

Increasingly, smartphones are being used to access all manner of information: email messages, Facebook status updates, tweets, RSS feeds, photographs and more. Approaches to dealing with this multi-faceted information stream developed on the desktop, such as switching between multiple applications or multiple browser windows, are unwieldy and scale poorly for mobile devices. In this paper, we propose the combination of the universal inbox and a system called 'Lenses' for extracting information of interest as part of a solution to this problem. These mechanisms allow the user to easily specify ways to sort, filter and manage their universal inbox in an intuitive way. We culminate with a discussion of implications for mobile phone interface design.
Ancestral patterns in bird limb development: A new look at Hampé's experiment (1989)

Abstract The “Archaeopteryx limb” of experimentally treated bird embryos has become a standard quotation in the growing literature on developmental factors in evolution. It has not only been claimed that an early manipulation of the chick limb produces a series of atavistic skeletal features, but the experiment is also frequently interpreted within a genome‐centered concept of atavism. The present study provides a morphological, quantitative, and comparative analysis of the skeletal and muscular reactions to the classic barrier insertion experiment of Hampé. The main result of this operation, traditionally seen as a “full length fibula”, is shown to be a relative effect due to tibia shortening, while all the other ancestral skeletal features, which are usually pointed out as being provoked by the elongated fibula, do not appear. The experimentally generated fibula/tibia length ratio and distance, however, mimic the pattern in developing reptilian limbs and are seen to induce secondary effects in the muscular system that are reminiscent of archosaur reptiles. Similar muscle patterns are found as interspecific variations in several bird species. The revised view of the skeletal changes and the additional data on muscular effects allow for a renewed interpretation of the experiment, shifting the emphasis from atavisms to the role of heterochrony, developmental integration, and epigenetic constraint in the evolutionary modification of organismic structures.
Effect of Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress on Inflammation and Adiponectin Regulation in Human Adipocytes (2012)

The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) of adipocytes plays a major role in the assembly and secretion of adipokines. The levels of serum adiponectin, secreted by adipocytes, are decreased in insulin resistance, diabetes, and obesity. The role of ER stress in downregulating adiponectin levels has been demonstrated in mouse models of obesity. Studies examining human adipose tissue have indicated that there is an increase in the ER stress transcript HSPA5 with increased body mass index (BMI). However, it is not established whether ER stress results in changes in adiponectin levels or multimerization in human adipocytes. We examined whether the induction of ER stress using tunicamycin, thapsigargin, or palmitate alters the messenger RNA (mRNA) and protein expression of adiponectin and the mRNA expression of chaperones ERP44 and ERO1 in adult-derived human adipocyte stem (ADHAS) cells. ER stress was measured using key indicators of ER stress-HSPA5, ERN1, CHOP, and GADD34, as well as changes in eIF2α phosphorylation. Because ER stress is suggested to be the proximal cause of inflammation in adipocytes, we further examined the change in inflammatory status by quantitating the change in Iκβ-α protein following the induction of ER stress. Our studies indicate that: (1) ER stress markers were increased to a higher degree using tunicamycin or thapsigargin compared to palmitate; (2) ER stress significantly decreased adiponectin mRNA in response to tunicamycin and thapsigargin, but palmitate did not decrease adiponectin mRNA levels. In all three instances, the induction of ER stress was accompanied by a decrease in adiponectin protein as well as adiponectin multimerization. All three inducers of ER stress increased tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) mRNA and decreased Iκβ-α protein in adipocytes. The data suggest that ER stress modifies adiponectin secretion and induces inflammation in ADHAS cells.
Intelligent Food Packaging: A Review of Smart Sensing Technologies for Monitoring Food Quality (2019)

Food safety is a major factor affecting public health and the well-being of society. A possible solution to control food-borne illnesses is through real-time monitoring of the food quality throughout the food supply chain. The development of emerging technologies, such as active and intelligent packaging, has been greatly accelerated in recent years, with a focus on informing consumers about food quality. Advances in the fields of sensors and biosensors has enabled the development of new materials, devices, and multifunctional sensing systems to monitor the quality of food. In this Review, we place the focus on an in-depth summary of the recent technological advances that hold the potential for being incorporated into food packaging to ensure food quality, safety, or monitoring of spoilage. These advanced sensing systems usually target monitoring gas production, humidity, temperature, and microorganisms' growth within packaged food. The implementation of portable and simple-to-use hand-held devices is also discussed in this Review. We highlight the mechanical and optical properties of current materials and systems, along with various limitations associated with each device. The technologies discussed here hold great potential for applications in food packaging and bring us one step closer to enable real-time monitoring of food throughout the supply chain.
Persistent infection of Vero cells by the flavivirus Murray Valley encephalitis virus (1991)

Murray Valley encephalitis (MVE) virus strain OR2 was serially passaged on Vero cells to establish a persistent infection which was maintained for over 300 days. Supernatants from infected cells protected Vero cells from c.p.e. and caused up to a 95% reduction of wild-type virus yield. These protective and interfering effects suggest that defective interfering (DI) particles are responsible for the establishment and maintenance of the MVE virus persistent infection. The persistently infected cell supernatant preparations shared several features with DI particle preparations from other viral systems, such as their amplification to detectable levels after two to four passages of virus. However, results from this study suggest that DI particles of MVE virus differ from other studied systems in that they are able to affect only moderately the yield of infectious wild-type virus. The genetic drift of the parental virus during the course of a long term persistent infection in vitro appears to be minimal.
A New Hope: Self-Assembling Peptides with Antimicrobial Activity (2019)

Peptide drugs hold great promise for the treatment of infectious diseases thanks to their novel mechanisms of action, low toxicity, high specificity, and ease of synthesis and modification. Naturally developing self-assembly in nature has inspired remarkable interest in self-assembly of peptides to functional nanomaterials. As a matter of fact, their structural, mechanical, and functional advantages, plus their high bio-compatibility and bio-degradability make them excellent candidates for facilitating biomedical applications. This review focuses on the self-assembly of peptides for the fabrication of antibacterial nanomaterials holding great interest for substituting antibiotics, with emphasis on strategies to achieve nano-architectures of self-assembly. The antibacterial activities achieved by these nanomaterials are also described.
Towards scalable flow and context sensitive pointer analysis (2005)

Pointer analysis, a classic problem in software program analysis, has emerged as an important problem to solve in design automation, at a time when complex designs, specified in the form of C code, need to be synthesized or verified. However, precise pointer analysis algorithms that are both context and flow sensitive (FSCS), have not been shown to scale. In this paper, we report a new solution for FSCS analysis, which can evaluate the program states of all program points under billions of different calling paths. Our solution extends the recently proposed symbolic pointer analysis (SPA) technology, which exploits the efficiency of Binary Decision Diagrams (BDDs). With our new strategy of problem solving, called superposed symbolic computation, and its application on our generic pointer analysis framework, we are able to report the first result on all SPEC2000 benchmarks that completes context sensitive, flow insensitive analysis in seconds, and context sensitive, flow sensitive analysis in minutes.
A high sensitivity gas sensor for formaldehyde based on CdO and In<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>doped nanocrystalline SnO<sub>2</sub> (2008)

The gas-sensing characteristics of In(2)O(3) and CdO doped nanocrystalline SnO(2) compounds for formaldehyde were investigated in this study. The phases of the resulting materials and the morphologies of the sensing layers were characterized by x-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM), respectively. Indirect-heating sensors using SnO(2)-In(2)O(3)-CdO compounds as sensitive materials were fabricated on an alumina tube with Au electrodes and platinum wires. All measurements were performed at several operating temperatures from 100 to 180 °C. Good gas-sensing responses to formaldehyde have been found for all the prepared samples. It is shown that the sensors exhibited high sensitivity at low operating temperature (133 °C), making them promising candidates for practical detectors for formaldehyde.
Pointing the way (2002)

‘How do I become a nurse?’ it can be difficult to give a concise answer to that familiar question. Cathy Taylor forges a path through the different routes while, below, our readers panel suggest ways to encourage recruits
Space-Alternating GeneralizedExpectation-Maximization Algorithm (1994)

Abstract- The expectation-maximization (EM) method can facilitate maximizing likelihood functions that arise in statis-tical estimation problems. In the classical EM paradigm, one iteratively maximizes the conditional log-likelihood of a single unobservable complete data space, rather than maximizing the intractable likelihood function for the measured or incomplete data. EM algorithms update all parameters simultaneously, which has two drawbacks: 1) slow convergence, and 2) difficult maxi-mization steps due to coupling when smoothness penalties are used. This paper describes the space-alternating generalized EM (SAGE) method, which updates the parameters sequentially by alternating between several small hidden-data spaces defined by the algorithm designer. We prove that the sequence of estimates monotonically increases the penalized-likelihood objective, we de-rive asymptotic convergence rates, and we provide sufficient con-ditions for monotone convergence in norm. Two signal processing applications illustrate the method: estimation of superimposed signals in Gaussian noise, and image reconstruction from Poisson measurements. In both applications, our SAGE algorithms easily accommodate smoothness penalties and converge faster than the EM algorithms. I.