gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of Survival, Free Radical Scavenging and Human Enterocyte Adherence Potential of Lactobacilli with Anti-Obesity and Anti-Inflammatory CLA Isomer-Producing Attributes (2015)

Conjugated linoleic acid (CLA)-producing probiotics are significant in metabolic diseases; therefore, the probiotic-to-functional attributes of six potential anti-obesity and anti-inflammatory CLA isomer-producing lactobacilli isolated from infant stools were analyzed. Lactobacillus fermentum DDHI27 and La. plantarum DDHI128 were tolerated well at pH 1.5 with fewer log reductions, whereas in bile, except for La. plantarum DDHI191, all thrived well. Also, these strains have better bile salt deconjugation activity. Higher scavenging activities were noticed for these strains with 2,2′-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid radicals compared with 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl, although DDHI27 and DDHI191 strains were observed as having the most antioxidative activity. Antimicrobial screening revealed that DDHI27 was the most dominating antagonist followed by DDHI128 and DDHI15 strains. These strains were susceptible to most of therapeutic antibiotics except for few and this was correlated with their internal natural phenomenon. Finally, in adhesion assay maximum adherence to Caco-2 cells was noticed with DDHI27. Hence, DDHI27 could be exploited as a source of dietary CLA supplementation. Practical Applications The screened strain have good probiotic and functional attributes; therefore, it might increase the probiotic diversity in food industry for functional food formulation, especially those that help in managing lifestyle and other diseases. These foods are also the need of the hour, as the majority of available pharmaceutical drugs in market are inefficient and poised adverse effects on the health of the consumer. Additionally, selected strain might be a suitable candidate for gut microbial ecological studies in diseased conditions, as it has shown good antimicrobial and cell adherence ability that might be helpful in replacing the disrupted gut microbiota (responsible for the onset of various metabolic diseases) via competitive exclusion.
Methodology for Development of Laboratory-Based Comprehensive Foam Model for Use in Reservoir Simulation of EOR (2016)

Abstract An integrated methodology is presented for development of a comprehensive empirical foam model based on tailored laboratory tests and representative numerical simulations that encompass processes of foam generation, coalescence, shear thinning along with rheological characteristics and flow regimes. Multitude of steady state and unsteady state laboratory experiments of foam floods in a vertical column of sandpack with and without oil at different surfactant concentrations and at varied gas-surfactant solution injection rates are designed, conducted and analyzed. The logic and basis for the conduct of each of these experiments are provided. Test results from experiments in the presence of oil provide information on the oil-induced foam-lamella coalescence functions. Unsteady state experiments are conducted to characterize foam generation and foam dry-out phenomena, while steady state experiments capture the effects of foam quality, foam velocity and surfactant concentration. Process-based numerical simulations of these experimental results are combined with analytical solutions of foam flow equations to provide a methodology for comprehensive foam model. Simulations of unsteady state foam flow experiments with and without oil saturation quantify the foam generation and coalescence function parameters. A procedure is presented to fully model the effect of surfactant concentration on foam strength and quantify all concentration function parameters, and in particular, epsurf. The combination of sound mathematical principles of governing foam flow equations and numerical simulation techniques is shown to be the key for uniquely defining the empirical foam model parameters and for preserving consistency with simulations of foam flow processes.
Morphology of a silver/polyacrylonitrile nanocomposite (2011)

Silver/polyacrylonitrile (Ag/PAN) nanocomposites are synthesized at the stage of simultaneous acrylonitrile polymerization and the reduction of silver ions from a mixture of silver nitrate AgNO3, acrylonitrile, and a photoinitiator. The synthesized films are transparent in the visible region and are characterized by a uniform dispersion of silver nanoparticles in a PAN matrix without any macroscopic agglomeration. The effects of the metal salt and photoinitiator concentrations on the size and density of metal nanoparticles in a composite are revealed.
Synthesis and Reactivity of a Potential Carcinogenic Metabolite of Tamoxifen:  3,4-Dihydroxytamoxifen-<i>o</i>-quinone (1999)

Although tamoxifen is approved for the treatment of hormone-dependent breast cancer as well as for the prevention of breast cancer in high-risk women, several studies in animal models have shown that tamoxifen is heptocarcinogenic, and in humans, tamoxifen has been associated with an increased risk of endometrial cancer. One potential mechanism of tamoxifen carcinogenesis could involve metabolism of tamoxifen to 3,4-dihydroxytamoxifen followed by oxidation to a highly reactive o-quinone which has the potential to alkylate and/or oxidize cellular macromolecules in vivo. In the study presented here, we synthesized the 3,4-dihydroxytamoxifen, prepared its o-quinone chemically and enzymatically, and studied the reactivity of the o-quinone with GSH and deoxynucleosides. The E (trans) and Z (cis) isomers of 3,4-dihydroxytamoxifen were synthesized using a concise synthetic pathway (four steps). This approach is based on the McMurry reaction between the key 4-(2-chloroethoxy)-3,4-methylenedioxybenzophenone and propiophenone, followed by selective removal of the methylenedioxy ring of (E, Z)-1-[4-[2-(N,N-dimethylamino)ethoxy]phenyl]-1-(3, 4-methylenedioxyphenyl)-2-phenyl-1-butene with BCl(3). Oxidation of 3,4-dihydroxytamoxifen by activated silver oxide or tyrosinase gave 3,4-dihydroxytamoxifen-o-quinone as a mixture of E and Z isomers. The resulting o-quinone has a half-life of approximately 80 min under physiological conditions. Reaction of the o-quinone with GSH gave two di-GSH conjugates and three mono GSH conjugates. Incubation of 3,4-dihydroxytamoxifen with GSH in the presence of microsomal P450 gave the same GSH conjugates which were also detected in incubations with human breast cancer cells (MCF-7). Reaction of 3, 4-dihydroxytamoxifen-o-quinone with deoxynucleosides gave only thymidine and deoxyguanosine adducts; neither deoxyadenosine nor deoxycytosine adducts were detected. Preliminary studies conducted with human breast cancer cell lines showed that 3, 4-dihydroxytamoxifen exhibited cytotoxic potency similar to that of 4-hydroxytamoxifen and tamoxifen in an estrogen receptor negative (ER(-)) cell line (MDA-MB-231); however, in the ER(+) cell line (MCF-7), the catechol metabolite was about half as toxic as the other two compounds. Finally, in the presence of microsomes and GSH, 4-hydroxytamoxifen gave predominantly quinone methide GSH conjugates as reported in the previous paper in this issue [Fan, P. W., et al. (2000) Chem. Res. Toxicol. 13, XX-XX]. However, in the presence of tyrosinase and GSH, 4-hydroxytamoxifen was primarily converted to o-quinone GSH conjugates. These results suggest that the catechol metabolite of tamoxifen has the potential to cause cytotoxicity in vivo through formation of 3,4-dihydroxytamoxifen-o-quinone.
A population-based study of the drug interaction between proton pump inhibitors and clopidogrel (2009)

Among patients receiving clopidogrel following acute myocardial infarction, concomitant therapy with proton pump inhibitors other than pantoprazole was associated with a loss of the beneficial effects of clopidogrel and an increased risk of reinfarction.
Identification and Assay of Trihydroxystilbenes in Wine and Their Biological Properties (1997)

We have developed a series of methods to assay the isomers and glucosides of resveratrol including GC-MS techniques by direct-injection and derivatisation procedures, and HPLC techniques using normal phase isocratic elution with UV detection and reverse phase gradient elution with diode array detection. Their application to commercial wines has revealed major differences in resveratrol isomer and glucoside concentrations showing specific influences of cultivar and climate. Prospective studies performed during fermentation and subsequently have defined the kinetics of release of resveratrol isomers and demonstrated the varying roles of duration of skin contact, oak ageing and filtration. Resveratrol alters the synthesis and secretion of lipids and lipoproteins by a human liver cell line; blocks human platelet aggregation in vitro; and inhibits the synthesis of pro-aggregatory and pro-inflammatory eicosanoids by platelets and neutrophils respectively. This spectrum of effects places it among the most powerful anti-atherosclerotic phenolics yet identified as a constituent of wines.
An Introduction to<i>The Cambridge Handbook of Expertise and Expert Performance</i>: Its Development, Organization, and Content (2006)

A significant milestone is reached when a field of scientific research matures to a point warranting publication of its first handbook. A substantial body of empirical findings, distinctive theoretical concepts and frameworks, and a set of new or adapted methods justify a unifying volume. The growth of this field is evident from the publication of a series of edited books on diverse sets of skills and expertise from many domains during the last several decades (Anderson, 1981; Bloom, 1985a; Chase, 1973; Chi, Glaser, & Farr, 1988; Ericsson, 1996a; Ericsson & Smith, 1991a; Feltovich, Ford, & Hoffman, 1997; Hoffman, 1992; Starkes & Allard, 1993; Starkes & Ericsson, 2003). And as in many other fields, the name of a branch of scientific study, in our case expertise and expert performance, often communicates the domain of studied phenomena.
Produkte der thermischen En‐Reaktion von ungesättigten Fettstoffen und Maleinsäureanhydrid (1994)

Abstract Die Methylester der ungesättigten Fettsäuren 10‐Undecensäure, Ölsäure und ( E )‐10‐Eicosendisäure wurden in einer thermischen En Reaktion bei 190°C mit Maleinsäureanhydrid umgesetzt. Die Monoadditionsprodukte wurden isoliert und ihre Stereochemie mittels 1 HNMR‐ und 13 C‐NMR‐Spektroskopie eindeutig aufgeklärt.
Does the Moment Timing Ability of the Issuer Exist?: Evidence in Structured Equity Products (2014)

We explore ‘information asymmetry’ problems in retail structured product markets. For reverse convertibles, which is the most popular retail structured product in Korea, we introduce a simple pricing model allowing investors who are unconscious of their lack of information regarding the transitional density of underlying asset. The model, on which we investigate empirical evidences for the issuer behavior of exploiting superior information, finds the conditions for the issuer to sell reverse convertibles at prices above fair. Using reverse convertible data that actually issued for Korean retail investors, we show that issuers tend to issue reverse convertibles more when (i) the market index is around local peak, (ii) the market volatility is around local trough, or (iii) underlying asset is overpriced relative to the market. The results, consistent with our theoretical implications, are the evidence of issuer’s timing ability therefore verifying the presence of the information asymmetry in retail structured market. It may also provide implications for understanding the popularity of retail products in a behavioral aspect.
Barrier heights of real Schottky contacts explained by metal-induced gap states and lateral inhomogeneities (1999)

Most metal–semiconductor contacts are rectifying. For moderately doped semiconductors, the current transport across such Schottky contacts occurs by thermionic emission over the Schottky barrier. The current–voltage characteristics of real Schottky contacts are described by two fitting parameters that are the effective barrier heights ΦBeff and the ideality factors n. Due to lateral inhomogeneities of the barrier height, both parameters differ from one diode to another. However, their variations are correlated in that ΦBeff becomes smaller with increasing n. Extrapolations of such ΦBeff-versus-n plots to the corresponding image-force-controlled ideality factors nif give the barrier heights of laterally homogeneous contacts. They are then compared with the theoretical predictions for ideal Schottky contacts. Data of Si, GaN, GaAs, and CdTe Schottky contacts reveal that the continuum of metal-induced gap states is the fundamental mechanism that determines the barrier heights. However, there are additional but then secondary mechanisms. As an example, contacts with (7×7)i-reconstructed interfaces have smaller barrier heights than diodes with (1×1)i-unreconstructed interfaces. This lowering of the Schottky barrier is caused by the electric dipole associated with the stacking fault in one of the triangular halves of the (7×7) unit mesh.
Mitochondrial acetylcarnitine provides acetyl groups for nuclear histone acetylation (2009)

Dynamic acetylation and deacetylation of nuclear histones is essential for regulating the access of chromosomal DNA to transcriptional machinery. The source of acetyl-CoA for histone acetylation in mammalian cell nuclei is not clearly known. We show that acetylcarnitine formed in mitochondria, is transported into cytosol by carnitine/acylcarnitine translocase, and then enters nucleus, where it is converted to acetyl-CoA by a nuclear carnitine acetyltransferase and becomes a source of acetyl groups for histone acetylation. Genetic deficiency of the translocase markedly reduced the mitochondrial acetylcarnitine dependent nuclear histone acetylation, indicating the significance of the carnitine-dependent mitochondrial acetyl group contribution to histone acetylation.
Tumor necrosis factor receptor expression on inflammatory cells in sepsis (1999)

Brown University School of Medicine; Memorial Hospital of Rhode Island; Pawtucket, RI. Address requests for reprints to: Steven M. Opal, MD, Infectious Disease Division, Memorial Hospital of Rhode Island, 111 Brewster Street, Pawtucket, RI 02860.
Matrix metalloproteinases (1997)

Background The matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) have a role in gastrointestinal malignancy. This role is reviewed, with particular reference to the gelatinase subgroup of enzymes. Methods All relevant papers derived from the Medline and Enbase databases between 1984 and early 1996 were reviewed. Result and Conclusion There is now strong evidence that MMPs play a major role in tumour invasion and metastasis. The development of MMP inhibitors may lead to important new treatment for the control of malignant disease.
Learning monocular reactive UAV control in cluttered natural environments (2013)

Autonomous navigation for large Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs) is fairly straight-forward, as expensive sensors and monitoring devices can be employed. In contrast, obstacle avoidance remains a challenging task for Micro Aerial Vehicles (MAVs) which operate at low altitude in cluttered environments. Unlike large vehicles, MAVs can only carry very light sensors, such as cameras, making autonomous navigation through obstacles much more challenging. In this paper, we describe a system that navigates a small quadrotor helicopter autonomously at low altitude through natural forest environments. Using only a single cheap camera to perceive the environment, we are able to maintain a constant velocity of up to 1.5m/s. Given a small set of human pilot demonstrations, we use recent state-of-the-art imitation learning techniques to train a controller that can avoid trees by adapting the MAVs heading. We demonstrate the performance of our system in a more controlled environment indoors, and in real natural forest environments outdoors.
Preparation of hydrogels via cross-linking of partially hydrolyzedpolyacrylamides with potassium persulfate at moderate temperatures (2014)

A series of hydrogels were prepared by cross- linking of a low molecular weight partially hydrolyzed polyacrylamide (HPAM) in aqueous solutions, with potassium persulfate (KPS) as cross linker at moderate temperatures between 60-80â°C.The minimum concentration of polymer solution for consistent gel formation is 1.5wt%, and the time to obtain the stronger gel decreases with increasing the KPS/HPAM ratio and concentration of HPAM. Increasing the concentration of polymer solutions shifts the onset of gel formation to the lower KPS/HPAM ratios. Increasing the KPS/HPAM ratio at constant weight percent of HPAM decreases the water absorbency, and increasing the polymer content at any KPS/HPAM ratio increases the water absorption .Gel fraction increases with increasing the weight percent of polymer. Increasing the KPS/HPAM ratio has the similar effect on variations of the gel fraction. A gel, prepared at 60â°C based on the 2 wt% copolymer solution and crosslinker/ copolymer ratio of 1/3 is an optimum gel in terms of gel strength, water absorbency and gel fraction. The Proposed mechanism of gel formation is cross-linking through macroradical combination. FTIR analysis confirms the absence of imidization during gel formation .The Conversion time of gelant solutions to consistent gel is decreased 2 times for every 10â°C increase of temperature. Fluctuations in the water absorbency of hydrogels which prepared at different temperatures can be explained with competition between degradation and radical combination. Hydrogels prepared at different temperatures and similar KPS/HPAM ratio, have no significant difference in gel fraction.
Optimization of astaxanthin production by Phaffia rhodozyma using response surface methodology (2010)

Response surface methodology was used to optimize the medium for the astaxanthin production by Phaffia rhodozyma.In the first optimization step,the influence of sucrose,yeast power,ammonium chloride,potassium dihydrogen phosphate,bitter salt and calcium chloride on astaxanthin production was evaluated using a fractional factorial design.Sucrose and yeast power influenced astaxanthin efficiently.Other components had no significant effects on astaxanthin production.The path of steepest ascent was used to approach the optimal region of the medium concentration.In the third step,the optimal concentrations of sucrose and yeast power were further optimized by a central composite design and response surface analysis.The optimized medium allowed astaxanthin production to be increased to 9861μg/L.
Outphasing multi-level RF-PWM signals for inter-band carrier aggregation in digital transmitters (2015)

A novel non-contiguous concurrent multi-band digital-RF transmitter architecture is presented, which is based on outphasing the multi-level RF pulse-width modulated signals (MLRF-PWM) for digital Class-S power amplifiers. In order to improve the transmitter power efficiency, the outphasing modulation in the proposed architecture effectively increases the number of MLRF-PWM signal output levels. In addition, a multi-band multi-bit band-pass delta-sigma modulator (BPDSM) with a hard clipping technique is introduced, which further improves power coding efficiency by trading off distortion performance with coding efficiency. Experimental results with a dual-channel 25-GSPS arbitrary waveform generator (AWG) demonstrate non-contiguous carrier aggregation for 3-level Class-S PAs with inter-band LTE signals at 874 MHz and 1501 MHz for the channel bandwidth of 10-MHz and 20-MHz, respectively. The proposed outphasing MLRF-PWM technique achieves 59.5% power coding efficiency, which is significant improvement from the 8.6% coding efficiency of conventional 3-level BPDSM with the experimental dual-band LTE signal transmission.
Reaction of diphenyl disulfide with alkynes promoted by di-tert-butyl and dibenzoyl peroxide: a useful synthetic route to 3-(and 2,3-) substituted benzo[b]thiophenes (1992)

Thermal reactions of diphenyl disulfide 1 with phenylacetylenes 2a–e promoted by di-tert-butyl peroxide (TBP) at 110 or 150 °C provides a useful synthetic route to the (2-substituted) 3-phenylbenzo-[b]thiophenes 4a–e, which result from intramolecular cyclization of 1-phenyl-2-(phenylthio)vinyl radical intermediates 3a–e. Similar reactions of the disulfide 1 with tert-butyl-and trimethylsilylacetylenes 2f and 2g also provide the corresponding benzothiophenes 4f and 4g in satisfactory yields; low yields of the benzothiophene products 4h, i, however, are obtained with hex-1-yne 1h and hex-3-yne 1i. Evidence is presented that the thermal reaction of the disulfide 1 with the alkynes 2 at 100 °C in the presence of dibenzoyl peroxide, while being of little use for the synthesis of benzothiophenes 4, generally leads to the 2-(phenylthio)vinyl benzoates 10; this is ascribed to initial addition of benzoyloxy radicals to alkyne triple bonds.
Immunotherapy of Malignant Gliomas Using Autologous and Allogeneic Tissue Cells (2010)

Immunotherapy of brain tumors is rapidly emerging as a potential clinical option [1-3]. The quality and magnitude of immune responses evoked by the new generation anti-tumor vaccines is in general highly dependent on the source or choice of peptide antigens, and as well, a suitable immunopotentiator. Poorly immunogenic antigens, such as those present in tumor cell lysates, may not reliably provide stimulation like recombinant or DNA-encoded protein antigens might be expected to. In addition, the efficacy of the vaccine may depend on inherent counteracting measures of the tumor which dampen immune surveillance and immune effector activity triggered by immunization [4]. Our body has many means of limiting an immune response to our own (self) proteins. In particular, patients with gliomas exhibit a broad suppression of cell-mediated immunity [5-8]. Unfortunately, for most tumor vaccines the induction of local or systemic immune effector cells does not necessarily translate into objective clinical responses or increased survival [9]. Here we review immunotherapeutic approaches against gliomas and recent pre-clinical and clinical initiatives based on cellular or active immunization of the patient's immune system using autologous and allogeneic tissues or cultured cells. Available evidence shows that single modality cancer therapies likely remain suboptimal. Combination regimens targeting the immune system at multiple coordinated levels must be developed, and possibly combined with strategies to inhibit immune suppressive factors if significant clinical benefit is to be achieved.