gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Information extraction by finding repeated structure (2010)

Repetition of layout structure is prevalent in document images. In document design, such repetition conveys the underlying logical and functional structure of the data. For example, in invoices, the names, unit prices, quantities and other descriptors of every line item are laid out in a consistent spatial structure. We propose a general method for extracting such repeated structure from documents. After receiving a single example of the structure to be found, the proposed method localizes additional instances of this structure in the same document and in additional documents. A wide variety of perceptually motivated cues (such as alignment and saliency) is used for this purpose. These cues are combined in a probabilistic model, and a novel algorithm for exact inference in this model is proposed and used. We demonstrate that this method can cope with complex instances of repeated structure and generalizes successfully across a wide range of structure variations.
In vitro and in vivo anti-allergic activity of soy sauce (2004)

Soy sauce (Shoyu) is a traditional fermented seasoning of Japan and available throughout the world. Polysaccharides were obtained from dialysate of Shoyu, and these Shoyu polysaccharides (SPS) were examined for anti-allergic activity in vitro and in vivo. The SPS originated from partially-degraded polysaccharides of soybeans by mold enzymatic hydrolyses, and Shoyu contained about 1% (w/v) SPS. First, the inhibitory effects of SPS on hyaluronidase, which is known to be related to inflammation and allergic responses, were as potent as those of an anti-allergic medicine, disodium cromoglycate. Second, SPS significantly inhibited the release of histamine from rat basophilic leukemia (RBL-2H3) cells, which had been induced by the antigen. Third, orally administered SPS had a significant suppressive effect on passive cutaneous anaphylaxis induced in the ears of mice. These results suggest that SPS may have anti-allergic activities, and soy sauce is a potentially promising seasoning for the treatment of allergic diseases through food.
Address-branch correlation: A novel locality for long-latency hard-to-predict branches (2008)

Hard-to-predict branches depending on long-latency cache-misses have been recognized as a major performance obstacle for modern microprocessors. With the widening speed gap between memory and microprocessors, such long-latency branch mispredictions also waste substantial power/energy in executing instructions on wrong paths, especially for large instruction window processors. This paper presents a novel program locality that can be exploited to handle long-latency hard-to-predict branches. The locality is a result of an interesting program execution behavior: for some applications, major data structures or key components of the data structures tend to remain stable for a long time. If a hard-to-predict branch depends on such stable data, the address of the data rather than the data value is sufficient to determine the branch outcome. This way, a misprediction can be resolved much more promptly when the data access results in a long-latency cache miss. We call such locality address-branch correlation and we show that certain memory-intensive benchmarks, especially those with heavy pointer chasing, exhibit this locality. We then propose a low-cost auxiliary branch predictor to exploit address-branch correlation. Our experimental results show that the proposed scheme reduces the execution time by 6.3% (up to 27%) and energy consumption by 5.2% (up to 24%) for a set of memory-intensive benchmarks with a 9 kB prediction table when used with a state-of-art 16 kB TAGE predictor.
Recovery of Australia Antigen from Human PlasmaProducts Separated by a Modified Cohn Fractionation (1972)

One liter of strongly Australia antigen positive plasma was subjected to a modified Cohn fractionation and samples from the various steps of the process were assayed quantitatively for Australia antigen. More than 85% of the original quantity of Australia antigen was recovered from fraction IV. Intermediate amounts, about 2%, were found in fraction III and in the washing fluids after the fibrinogen wash. The final fibrinogen product had no detectable Australia antigen. About 1 % of the antigen was recovered from the albumin. γ-Globulin before treatment with DEAE-Sephadex had a low content, about 0.1% of the original amount of antigen, whereas DEAE-Sephadex treated material (final gammaglobulin) was free of demonstrable Au-antigen. The findings are discussed in relation to clinical reports on hepatitis risks connected with the various products.
The Serotoninergic Receptors of Human Dendritic Cells: Identification and Coupling to Cytokine Release (2004)

The neurotransmitter 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT), commonly known as serotonin, is stored at peripheral sites in mast cells and released from this peripheral source upon IgE cross-linking. In this study, we investigated the expression of serotoninergic receptors (5-HTR), the signaling pathway, and biological activity of 5-HT on human dendritic cells (DC), showing that immature and mature DC expressed mRNA for different serotoninergic receptors. Thereby, the mRNA of 5-HTR(1B), 5-HTR(1E), 5-HTR(2A), 5-HTR(2B), one splicing variant of the 5-HTR(3), 5-HTR(4), and 5-HTR(7) receptors were detected. Immature DC preferentially expressed mRNA for the heptahelical 5-HTR(1B), 5-HTR(1E), and 5-HTR(2B) receptors, while mature DC mostly expressed 5-HTR(4) and 5-HTR(7). The mRNA expression level of the ligand-gated cation channel 5-HTR(3) and the heptahelical 5-HTR(2A) did not significantly change during maturation. Isotype-selective receptor agonists allowed us to show that 5-HT stimulated 5-HTR(3)-dependent Ca(2+) influx in immature and mature DC. Moreover, we revealed that 5-HTR(1) and 5-HTR(2) receptor stimulation induced intracellular Ca(2+) mobilization via G(i/o) proteins in immature, but not mature, DC. Activation of 5-HTR(4) and 5-HTR(7) induced cAMP elevation in mature DC. Functional studies indicated that activation of 5-HTR(4) and 5-HTR(7) enhanced the release of the cytokines IL-1beta and IL-8, while reducing the secretion of IL-12 and TNF-alpha in mature DC. In summary, our study shows that 5-HT stimulated, in a maturation-dependent manner, different signaling pathways in DC. These data point to a role for 5-HT in regulating the immune response at peripheral sites.
Estimation of the Stability Number of Breakwater Armor Blocks Using Probabilistic Neural Networks (2006)

A Probabilistic neural network (PNN) technique for predicting the stability number for the armor blocks of breakwaters is presented. A PNN is prepared using the experimental data of van der Meer and is then compared with the empirical formula and previous artificial neural network (ANN) model. This comparison shows that a PNN can effectively predict the stability numbers in spite of data complexity, incompleteness, and incoherence, and can be an effective tool for the designers of rubble mound breakwaters to support their decision process and to improve design efficiency.
Addressing the Impact of Temperature Extremes on Large Format Li-Ion Batteries for Vehicle Applications (2013)

This presentation discusses the effects of temperature on large format lithium-ion batteries in electric drive vehicles.
Application of Capillary Electrophoresis in Amino Acid Analysis (2004)

The main principles and application of capillary electrophoresis used for analysis of amino acids are reviewed.
Optimal guard time length determination for mobile WiMAX over multipath fading channel (2008)

Guard time length (GT) is one of the key OFDM parameters. It is implemented as Cyclic Prefix (CP) to completely alleviate Intersymbol Interference (ISI) and to preserve orthogonality among OFDM subcarriers as long as the guard time length is sufficiently greater than channel delay spread. Conventional OFDM system uses a large GT length to tolerate worst case channel condition irrespective of its current state. This technique, however, degrades the overall spectral efficiency as well as consumes transmitter energy proportional to the length of the guard time. In this paper, we determine the optimal guard time length for mobile WiMAX system over ITU-R M.1225 multipath fading channel. The results show that the optimum values of the GT approximately dependant on the maximum delay spread.
The Diagnostic Value of DNA Methylation in Leukemia: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis (2014)

Our meta-analyses identified strong associations between a number of genes with aberrant DNA methylation and leukemia. Further studies should be required to confirm the results in the future.
Proteomic analysis of cytokine induced proteins in human intestinal epithelial cells: Implications for inflammatory bowel diseases (2002)

A role for cytokine regulated proteins in epithelial cells has been suggested in the pathogenesis of inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD). The aim of this study was to identify such cytokine regulated targets using a proteomic functional approach. Protein patterns from (35)S-radiolabeled homogenates of cultured colon epithelial cells were compared before and after exposure to interferon-gamma, interleukin-1beta and interleukin-6. Proteins were separated by two-dimensional polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Both autoradiographies and silver stained gels were analyzed. Proteins showing differential expression were identified by tryptic in-gel digestion and mass spectrometry. Metabolism related proteins were also investigated by Western blot analysis. Tryptophanyl-tRNA synthetase, indoleamine-2,3-dioxygenase, heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein JKTBP, interferon-induced 35kDa protein, proteasome subunit LMP2 and arginosuccinate synthetase were identified as cytokine modulated proteins in vitro. Using purified epithelial cells from patients, overexpression of indoleamine-2,3-dioxygenase, an enzyme involved in tryptophan metabolism, was confirmed in Crohn's disease as well as in ulcerative colitis, as compared to normal mucosa. No such difference was found in diverticulitis. Potentially, this observation opens new avenues in the treatment of IBD.
Sildenafil in erectile dysfunction: a critical review (2003)

Sildenafil citrate (Viagra) is a potent orally active cGMP-specific phosphodiesterase type 5 (PDE5) inhibitor that is effective as a peripheral conditioner in the treatment of male erectile dysfunction (ED) of organic, psychogenic or mixed aetiology. Sildenafil is the first effective oral agent in the management of ED that has had a revolutionary impact on management of ED. The present review has been subdivided into five major sections. Based on the most recent peer-reviewed publications, the first section is aimed at critically evaluating PDE5 selectivity as well as the pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of the drug, mainly to assess the best doses for each group of patients (i.e. adult and elderly men). Effectiveness in a broad spectrum ED population is the subject of the second section of the review, principally reporting post-marketing company-independent results. Safety and tolerability are the key concerns of the third section, with a broad consideration of the most commonly reported adverse events. Special attention has been paid to the cardiovascular safety of the drug, chiefly outlining the positive and potentially protective cardiac effects of sildenafil. Moreover, the impact of sildenafil in special patient populations is considered, namely in men complaining of diabetes mellitus, depression, neurological disorders, renal failure and those who have undergone a radical prostatectomy. Sildenafil and the ageing male has been especially underlined. Finally, the review covers a few new potential applications of sildenafil in ED patients with regard to high-dose treatment and combination therapy. The review ends with several considerations regarding the direct and/or indirect impact of sildenafil over quality of life and quality of partnership.
Influence of the Zeta Potential on the Dispersability and Purification of Single-Walled Carbon Nanotubes (2005)

We report a systematic study of the purification of nitric acid treated single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWNTs) by centrifugation at constant pH. The progress of the purification procedure was followed by estimating the purity by solution-phase near-infrared spectroscopy, and it was found that the sediment obtained by centrifugation at pH 2 had the highest purity. The stability of the aqueous dispersions of SWNTs and carbonaceous impurities (CIMP) after nitric acid treatment was investigated by measuring their zeta potential and the concentration of acidic sites. We found that, at lower pH, the CIMP has a higher zeta potential than nitric acid treated SWNTs, and it is this factor that allowed the separation of the carbonaceous impurities via centrifugation and the concomitant purification of the SWNTs.
Antimicrobial Activity of Lactoferrin-Related Peptides and Applications in Human and Veterinary Medicine (2016)

Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) represent a vast array of molecules produced by virtually all living organisms as natural barriers against infection. Among AMP sources, an interesting class regards the food-derived bioactive agents. The whey protein lactoferrin (Lf) is an iron-binding glycoprotein that plays a significant role in the innate immune system, and is considered as an important host defense molecule. In search for novel antimicrobial agents, Lf offers a new source with potential pharmaceutical applications. The Lf-derived peptides Lf(1-11), lactoferricin (Lfcin) and lactoferrampin exhibit interesting and more potent antimicrobial actions than intact protein. Particularly, Lfcin has demonstrated strong antibacterial, anti-fungal and antiparasitic activity with promising applications both in human and veterinary diseases (from ocular infections to osteo-articular, gastrointestinal and dermatological diseases).
Molecular and cellular responses of islets during perturbations of glucose homeostasis determined by in situ hybridization histochemistry. (1989)

We have evaluated in situ hybridization histochemistry as a means of estimating simultaneously the level of prohormone mRNA and the dimensions of rat pancreatic islets. Localization of the 27-mer 32P-labeled oligonucleotide probes for rat proinsulin I, glucagon, and prosomatostatin I corresponded with localization of antibodies to the three hormones. In normal rats subjected to chronic hyperglycemic clamping, the density of the proinsulin mRNA signal increased 54%, islet size and number increased approximately 100%, while proglucagon mRNA signal was reduced 81%. Resection of 50% of the pancreas increased proinsulin mRNA 36% and proglucagon mRNA 500%; islet area doubled and islet number increased 50%. In 150-day-old diabetic ob/ob mice, there was an 18-fold expansion in islet area, a 4-fold increase in islet number, but no increase in insulin gene expression. In insulin-dependent streptozotocin-treated diabetic rats, islet area and number were profoundly reduced; insulin deprivation failed to raise proinsulin mRNA in surviving beta cells above control levels. Proglucagon mRNA was high despite the hyperglycemia but was reduced by insulin within 1 hr, suggesting that insulin regulates glucagon gene expression or is required for its regulation by glucose. In situ hybridization of rat islets provides a valid semiquantitative index of insulin and glucagon biosynthesis and of islet dimensions and reveals that normal but not diabetic islets meet increased insulin demand by increasing both number and biosynthetic activity of beta cells.
Learning, Opinion Writing and the Efficiency of the Common Law (2014)

I develop a dynamic model of law creation, in which the court learns about the ideal legal rule through the cases it hears. Cases result from the rational choices of agents responding to the court’s previous decisions. Learning requires experimentation, and so is only possible if experimentation is incentive compatible for the agent. The court provides these incentives by setting penalties, and writing opinions that commit the court to sanctioning or punishing various actions. The model generates two general predictions. First, when incentive compatibility considerations are introduced, the court implements a second best policy that includes writing broad opinions, that wouldn’t be necessary in a first best world. Moreover, the ecacy of opinion writing is asymmetric — the court has an incentive to write broad permissive opinions, but narrow restrictive opinions. Second, the court is unable to perfectly learn the truth, even in the long run. The common law does not converge towards the ecient social policy; with positive probability the long run policy is ex
Quantum Mechanical Study of the Germanium Electron–Hole Bilayer Tunnel FET (2013)

The electron-hole bilayer tunnel field-effect transistor (EHBTFET) is an electronic switch that uses 2-D-2-D sub-band-to-sub-band tunneling (BTBT) between electron and hole inversion layers and shows significant subthermal swing over several decades of current due to the step-like 2-D density of states behavior. In this paper, EHBTFET has been simulated using a quantum mechanical model. The model results are compared against transactions on computer-aided design simulations and remarkable differences show the importance of quantum effects and dimensionality in this device. Ge EHBTFET with channel thickness of 10 nm results as a promising device for low supply voltage, subthreshold logic applications, with a super steep switching behavior featuring SS <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">avg</sub> ~ 40 mV/dec up to VDD. Furthermore, it has been demonstrated that high on current levels ( ~ 40 μA/μm) can be achieved due to the transition from phonon-assisted BTBT to direct BTBT at higher biases.
Reactivity of [Mn2(.mu.-H)2(CO)6(.mu.-tedip)] (tedip = (EtO)2POP(OEt)2) with Group 11 Alkynyl Compounds. X-ray Structures of [Ag2Mn4(.mu.-H)6(CO)12(.mu.-tedip)2] and [AuMn4(.mu.-H)5(CO)12(.mu.-tedip)2] (1994)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTReactivity of [Mn2(.mu.-H)2(CO)6(.mu.-tedip)] (tedip = (EtO)2POP(OEt)2) with Group 11 Alkynyl Compounds. X-ray Structures of [Ag2Mn4(.mu.-H)6(CO)12(.mu.-tedip)2] and [AuMn4(.mu.-H)5(CO)12(.mu.-tedip)2]Remedios Carreno, Victor Riera, Miguel A. Ruiz, Antonio Tiripicchio, and Marisa Tiripicchio-CamelliniCite this: Organometallics 1994, 13, 3, 993–1004Publication Date (Print):March 1, 1994Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 March 1994https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/om00015a037https://doi.org/10.1021/om00015a037research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views111Altmetric-Citations22LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (1)»Supporting Information Supporting Information Get e-Alerts
Oriented Attachment Kinetics for Ligand Capped Nanocrystals:  Coarsening of Thiol-PbS Nanoparticles (2007)

In this work, the growth kinetics of thiol-capped PbS nanoparticles was studied. Two-stage growth process was observed, which was controlled first by oriented attachment (OA) mechanism and then by the hybrid Ostwald ripening (OR) and OA mechanism. Different from the NaOH-ZnS system, where OA will occur between any two multilevel nanoparticles, an OA kinetic model only considering the attachment related to original particles was fitted well with the experimental results. Analysis reveals that this model may be a universal one to describe the OA crystal growth process of nanocrystals capped with easily destroyed ligands, such as thiol-ZnS in the previous report. The OA crystal growth characteristics determined by the surface agent were discussed and compared. We propose that with stronger surface capping, the OR growth of nanocrystals is hindered, which facilitates the size controlling via OA kinetics during nanosynthesis.
High Efficiency Generalized Parallel Counters for Xilinx FPGAs (2015)

Generalized Parallel Counters (GPCs) are frequently used in constructing high speed compressor trees. Prior work on GPC synthesis using FPGAs has focused on utilizing the fast carry chain and mapping the logic onto LUTs. This mapping is not optimal in the sense that the LUT fabric is not fully utilized. This results in low efficiency GPCs. Modern day Xilinx FPGAs support 6-input LUTs that can be used in the dual mode for achieving high logic density. In this work we present a heuristic that efficiently maps the GPC logic onto the LUT fabric. We have used our heuristic on various GPCs reported in literature and have achieved an improvement in efficiency ranging from 33% to 100% in most of the cases. Experimental results using Xilinx Virtex-5 FPGAs show a considerable reduction in resources utilized and dynamic power dissipation for almost same critical path delay.
Heteroglossic Chinese Online Literacy Practices On Micro-Blogging and Video-Sharing Sites (2017)

This study investigates Chinese online users’ adoptions of various languages and other meaning making signs in their online literacy practices in two popular Chinese CMC sites, Weibo (micro-blogging) and bilibili.com (video-sharing). Adopting the theoretical framework of heteroglossia (Bakhtin, 1981), I explore how various meaning making resources are creatively and playfully utilized by Chinese users in their online communication. After two-month data collection, I sampled the non-standard literacy practices (e.g., foreign language transliteration) identified from micro-blogging postings and comments in Weibo, as well as spontaneous (known as “bullet curtain” comments) and traditional text-box comments from featured videos in bilibili.com. The findings resulted in 30,005 non-standard literacy practice types which contain meaning making features from languages (e.g., stylized Chinese Mandarin) and other meaning making signs (e.g., emojis) from both sites. The analysis suggests that Chinese online communication are noticeably hybrid with plurillingual and non-linguistic semiotic resources. These practices reflect the Bakhtinian notion of heteroglossic communication in which people stylize their language use with various meaning making resources. In addition, many practices are also “carnivalesque” (Bakhtin, 1984) which is characterized with creativity and playfulness. The study further deconstructs the notion of multilingualism and extends the discussion of how online communication opens up space for non-conventional and creative literacy practices, which potentially challenge the authoritative policies and voices.
Reductive Precipitation of Gold by Dissimilatory Fe(III)-Reducing <i>Bacteria</i> and <i>Archaea</i> (2001)

Studies with a diversity of hyperthermophilic and mesophilic dissimilatory Fe(III)-reducing Bacteria and Archaea demonstrated that some of these organisms are capable of precipitating gold by reducing Au(III) to Au(0) with hydrogen as the electron donor. These studies suggest that models for the formation of gold deposits in both hydrothermal and cooler environments should consider the possibility that dissimilatory metal-reducing microorganisms can reductively precipitate gold from solution.