gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Inheritance of High Oleic Acid Mutations in Winter Oilseed Rape (<i>Brassica napus</i> L.) (2001)

High oleic (HO) winter oilseed rape ( Brassica napus L.) with increased oleic acid content in the seed is of interest for nutritional and industrial purposes. The objectives of the present study were to (i) describe the fatty acid composition in the seed, leaf, and root material of eight HO mutants; (ii) estimate the number of genes controlling the trait; (iii) test whether the mutants are allelic for the mutated loci; and (iv) determine the inheritance of the HO trait. An 8‐by‐8 diallel of the HO mutants and two crosses between HO mutants and a normal type cultivar with their segregating F 2 and BC generations were used. The results suggested that the variation in oleic acid can be explained by two mutation events. One mutated locus (HO1) was expressed mainly in the seeds and all mutants were assumed to be allelic at this locus. A second mutated locus (HO2), which increased the oleic acid content not only in the seed but also in leaves and roots, was identified in one mutant line. Both loci showed mainly additive effects: for HO1 a = 8.0 ± 1.5 and for HO1+HO2 a = 9.25 ± 1.5 (in percent oleic acid in the seed oil). Only small nonsignificant dominance effects and no epistatic or maternal effects were observed. The reduction of oleic acid desaturation in the mutants indicates that the HO1 locus is equivalent to fad2 , the microsomal oleic acid desaturase, whereas the locus HO2 affects a different enzyme involved in fatty acid biosynthesis or desaturation.
Inhibition of α-KG-dependent histone and DNA demethylases by fumarate and succinate that are accumulated in mutations of FH and SDH tumor suppressors (2012)

Two Krebs cycle genes, fumarate hydratase (FH) and succinate dehydrogenase (SDH), are mutated in a subset of human cancers, leading to accumulation of their substrates, fumarate and succinate, respectively. Here we demonstrate that fumarate and succinate are competitive inhibitors of multiple α-ketoglutarate (α-KG)-dependent dioxygenases, including histone demethylases, prolyl hydroxylases, collagen prolyl-4-hydroxylases, and the TET (ten-eleven translocation) family of 5-methlycytosine (5mC) hydroxylases. Knockdown of FH and SDH results in elevated intracellular levels of fumarate and succinate, respectively, which act as competitors of α-KG to broadly inhibit the activity of α-KG-dependent dioxygenases. In addition, ectopic expression of tumor-derived FH and SDH mutants inhibits histone demethylation and hydroxylation of 5mC. Our study suggests that tumor-derived FH and SDH mutations accumulate fumarate and succinate, leading to enzymatic inhibition of multiple α-KG-dependent dioxygenases and consequent alterations of genome-wide histone and DNA methylation. These epigenetic alterations associated with mutations of FH and SDH likely contribute to tumorigenesis.
The tyrosine-based lysosomal targeting signal in lamp-1 mediates sorting into Golgi-derived clathrin-coated vesicles. (1996)

Diversion of membrane proteins from the trans-Golgi network (TGN) or the plasma membrane into the endosomal system occurs via clathrin-coated vesicles (CCVs). These sorting events may require the interaction of cytosolic domain signals with clathrin adaptor proteins (APs) at the TGN (AP-1) or the plasma membrane (AP-2). While tyrosine- and di-leucine-based signals in several proteins mediate endocytosis via cell surface CCVs, segregation into Golgi-derived CCVs has so far only been documented for the mannose 6-phosphate receptors, where it is thought to require a casein kinase II phosphorylation site adjacent to a di-leucine motif. Although recently tyrosine-based signals have also been shown to interact with the mu chain of AP-1 in vitro, it is not clear if these signals also bind intact AP-1 adaptors, nor if they can mediate sorting of proteins into AP-1 CCVs. Here we show that the cytosolic domain of the lysosomal membrane glycoprotein lamp-1 binds AP-1 and AP-2. Furthermore, lamp-1 is present in AP-1-positive vesicles and tubules in the trans-region on the Golgi complex. AP-1 binding as well as localization to AP-1 CCVs require the presence of the functional tyrosine-based lysosomal targeting signal of lamp-1. These results indicate that lamp-1 can exit the TGN in CCVs and that tyrosine signals can mediate these sorting events.
Plant disease control :resistance and susceptibility (1981)

Plant disease control :resistance and susceptibility , Plant disease control :resistance and susceptibility , مرکز فناوری اطلاعات و اطلاع رسانی کشاورزی
<title>New flying optical head for high-speed accessing</title> (1990)

A flying optical head has been developed to attain high speed accessing, the important issue in applying optical disks for computer file memories, because the head weight could be ultimately reduced. And it was successfully applied for writing and reading of optical disks for the first time. The moving part of the head consists of an objective lens, mirror, flying slider and moving coil of a voice coil motor and a linear bearing, which total weight is as light as 3.6gr. The flying slider makes the objective lens follow on a disk surface, so the variation of the distance between the lens and the optical disk caused by the axial runout of the disk is largely reduced. Autofocusing is done by axial moving of relay lenses which are placed in the fixed part of the head. The resonant frequency of the moving part has been improved to more than 10kHz by reducing its weight, which enables it to do track-following as well as track-seeking. Seek time of less than 20 ms for a 130mm disk was achieved with the flying optical head.
Hybrid solar cells based on DC magnetron sputtered films of n-ITO on APMOVPE grown p-InP (1988)

Hybrid indium-tin-oxide (ITO)/InP solar cells are discussed. The cells are constructed by DC magnetron sputter deposition of ITO onto high-quality InP films grown by atmospheric pressure metal-organic vapor-phase epitaxy (APMOVPE). A record efficiency of 18.9%, measured under standard Solar Energy Research Institute reporting conditions, has been obtained. The p-InP surface is shown to be type converted, principally by the ITO, but with the extent of conversion being modified by the nature of the sputtering gas. The deposition process, in itself, is not responsible for the type conversion. Dark currents have been suppressed by more than three orders of magnitude by the addition of hydrogen to the sputtering gas during deposition of a thin (5 nm) interface layer. Without this layer, and using only the more usual argon/oxygen mixture, the devices had poorer efficiencies and were unstable. A discussion of associated quantum efficiencies and capacitance/voltage measurements is also presented from which it is concluded that further improvements in efficiency will result from better control over the type-conversion process.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
The direct cost of epilepsy in the United States: A systematic review of estimates (2015)

This systematic review found that various approaches have been used to estimate the direct costs of epilepsy in the United States. However, recent studies using large claims databases and similar methods allow estimation of the direct cost burden of epilepsy for the general disease population, and show that it is greater for some patient subgroups. Additional research is needed to further understand the broader economic burden of epilepsy and how it varies across subpopulations.
Fine-scaled climate variation in equatorial Africa revealed by modern and fossil primate teeth (2022)

Variability in resource availability is hypothesized to be a significant driver of primate adaptation and evolution, but most paleoclimate proxies cannot recover environmental seasonality on the scale of an individual lifespan. Oxygen isotope compositions (δ<sup>18</sup>O values) sampled at high spatial resolution in the dentitions of modern African primates (<i>n</i> = 2,352 near weekly measurements from 26 teeth) track concurrent seasonal precipitation, regional climatic patterns, discrete meteorological events, and niche partitioning. We leverage these data to contextualize the first δ<sup>18</sup>O values of two 17 Ma <i>Afropithecus turkanensis</i> individuals from Kalodirr, Kenya, from which we infer variably bimodal wet seasons, supported by rainfall reconstructions in a global Earth system model. <i>Afropithecus</i>' δ<sup>18</sup>O fluctuations are intermediate in magnitude between those measured at high resolution in baboons (<i>Papio</i> spp.) living across a gradient of aridity and modern forest-dwelling chimpanzees (<i>Pan troglodytes verus</i>). This large-bodied Miocene ape consumed seasonally variable food and water sources enriched in <sup>18</sup>O compared to contemporaneous terrestrial fauna (<i>n</i> = 66 fossil specimens). Reliance on fallback foods during documented dry seasons potentially contributed to novel dental features long considered adaptations to hard-object feeding. Developmentally informed microsampling recovers greater ecological complexity than conventional isotope sampling; the two Miocene apes (<i>n</i> = 248 near weekly measurements) evince as great a range of seasonal δ<sup>18</sup>O variation as more time-averaged bulk measurements from 101 eastern African Plio-Pleistocene hominins and 42 papionins spanning 4 million y. These results reveal unprecedented environmental histories in primate teeth and suggest a framework for evaluating climate change and primate paleoecology throughout the Cenozoic.
Comparative proteomics analysis of cytokeratin and involucrin expression in lesions from patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (2008)

得到反常区别的更好的理解或 keratinocytes 的成熟，我们从全身的豺狼座 erythematosus 病人在损害学习了 cytokeratin 和 involucrin 的表示和分发。从全身的豺狼座 erythematosus 和正常的各个控制的二组 10 个标本被二维的胶化电气泳动，集体度谱的蛋白质鉴定，西方的弄污和免疫组织化学分析。我们的结果显示出那角质素 1 (K1 ) 和 K6/K16 的新合成的 /K10 是下面调整的，那 K5/K14， K2e 和 involucrin 是起来调整的。当 K1/10 微弱地被染色时，我们与在正常外皮染色相比发现 involucrin 强烈在更低的表皮的房间层被染色，特别地。另外，我们发现 involucrin 的表示被增加。这些结果暗示一异常早并且终端区别在全身的豺狼座 erythematosus 的外皮上演，它可以与煽动性的 cytokines 在损害的弯屈的愈合的反应期间释放了被联系。
Thermistor behaviour in a semiconducting polymer–nanoparticle composite film (2006)

Carbon nanoparticle-polyimide (BTDA-ODA) composite thin films were shown to have semiconducting behaviour with a pronounced negative temperature coefficient of resistance (NTC) over a temperature range 300-425 K, unlike conventional polymer-based composite films that show predominantly positive temperature coefficients of resistance. Electrical resistivity of the nanocomposite thin films decreased progressively by six orders of magnitude as the carbon volume fraction was increased from 1% to 10% and showed a characteristic composite behaviour in the smearing region prior to the percolation threshold. The dominant conduction mechanism was shown to be fluctuation induced tunnelling in the Coulomb gap with an optimum hop energy (Wopt) and a hop distance (Ropt) of about 23.1 ± 0.05 meV and 15.8 ± 0.04 nm, respectively for a 1 vol% nanocomposite, consistent with the T-1/2 behaviour in the model of Adkins (1989 J. Phys.: Condens. Matter. 1 1253) for cermets. The NTC parameters, characteristic of thermistor performance of these thin films, indicated that polymer based nanocomposites can potentially be considered for NTC thermistor applications. The materials presently studied, when compared with commercially available ceramic thermistors, were shown to exhibit smaller thermal sensitivity parameters, which originate from their smaller activation energy for charge transport. Polymer based semiconductive composites show promise for use in flexible and light-weight electronics, particularly since they can be easily mass manufactured and imprinted on microelectronic substrates.
Automated delivery of muscle relaxants using fuzzy logic control (1994)

The authors feel that fuzzy logic controllers are a promising means for developing biocontrol systems. They help to account for uncertainty in the measured signal. They are also an easy way to implement a nonlinear controller to match significantly nonlinear and variable processes as commonly encountered in biomedical applications. Initial trials show this approach is suitable for clinical application. Clinical trials are continuing with the fuzzy PD+I and self-organizing fuzzy controllers using atracurium. Work will then commence to extend this sytem for use with other muscle relaxants such as mivacurium.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
A small-molecule oral agonist of the human glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor (2020)

Abstract Peptide agonists of the glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor (GLP-1R) have revolutionized diabetes therapy, but their use has been limited by the requirement for injection. Here we describe the first effective, orally bioavailable small molecule GLP-1R agonists. A sensitized high-throughput screen identified a series of small molecule GLP-1R agonists that were optimized to promote endogenous GLP-1R signaling with nM potency. These small molecule agonists increased insulin levels in primates but not rodents, which is explained by a cryo-EM structure that revealed a binding pocket requiring primate-specific tryptophan 33. Importantly, oral administration of agonist PF-06882961 to healthy humans produced dose-dependent declines in serum glucose ( NCT03309241 ). This opens the door to a new era of oral small molecule therapies that target the well-validated GLP-1R pathway for metabolic health. One Sentence Summary PF-06882961 is an orally administered small molecule that activates the GLP-1 receptor to lower blood glucose in humans.
Protograph-based Raptor-like LDPC codes for the binary erasure channel (2015)

This paper designs protograph-based Raptor-like (PBRL) codes as a class of rate-compatible (RC) LDPC codes for binary-erasure channels (BEC). Similar to the Raptor Codes, the RC property is achieved by X-OR operations of the precoded bits. The additional parity bits, which lower the rate, are selected such that their connections in the protograph optimize the density evolution threshold. In order to avoid problematic graphical objects in the CPEG lifted bipartite graph and guarantee the linear growth distance property some constraints are imposed in the threshold optimization algorithm. Simulation results are presented for information block sizes of k = 1032, and k = 16384. These results are compared with finite blocklength bounds of Polyanskiy, Poor, Verdu (PPV) as well as several asymptotic bounds. The k = 1032 code family operates at various rates in the range of 8/9 to 8/48 and has an average normalized threshold gap of 5.56% from capacity. The k = 16384 code family operates at rates 8/10 to 8/32 and has an average normalized threshold gap of 3.27% from capacity.
A tapping-noise suppressor with magnitude-weighted phase-based detection for smartphones (2014)

This paper presents a tapping noise suppressor with new phase-based detection and its implementation on Android terminals. Phase slope of the input noisy signal is compared with an estimated ideal phase slope obtained from an average of intraframe slopes along the frequency axis. In order to cope with heavily lowpass characteristics of tapping noise spectrum, phase slopes are weighted with the magnitude at each frequency point. Comparison of enhanced signal waveform with that of clean speech demonstrates superior enhanced signal quality. Implementation as an Android Application is also described.
Experience with topaz telebugging (1988)

The Topaz TeleDebug (TTD) facility provides a remote debugging capability supporting software development in the Topaz environment. Topaz is a software environment providing rich support for programming in Modula2+, and extended version of Modula 2. TTD allows uniform use of the same high level source language debugger for all debugging (both local and remote) of software at all levels of the system. Special care has been taken to maximize TTD's reliability and robustness. Our experience suggests that such a facility can be extremely useful, very dependable and quite inexpensive. It also suggests that the implementation issues can be somewhat subtle, and that correct choices in this area are vital if the promise of such a scheme is to be fully realized. This paper focuses on those implementation issues in a fair amount of detail, analyzing the limitations of our first TTD implementation and the redesign that produced a second, improved version. Our main conclusion is that the target (debuggee) end of such a facility should be implemented at the lowest possible level in the operating system, and that a uniformly applicable remote invocation (e.g. remote procedure call) facility is key to enabling this approach. We also conclude that strict adherence to layered information hiding can lead to serious difficulties in the implementation of a remote debugging protocol. The discussion should be of particular interest to others designers of remote debugging facilities. While the paper does not devote much attention to higher level issues (e.g. novel user interfaces for debugging concurrent or distributed programs) most of the ideas discussed should be applicable to a wide class of debuggers, including those with higher aspirations for debugging such programs.
Organelle-specific probe JC-1 identifies membrane potential differences in the mitochondrial function of bovine sperm (1999)

The mitochondrial probe 5,5',6,6'-tetrachloro-1,1',3,3'-tetraethylbenzimidazolyl-carbocyan ine iodide (JC-1) not only identifies mitochondria exhibiting low membrane potentials by the emission of green fluorescence (range, 510-520 nm) but also differentiates these from mitochondria exhibiting relatively high membrane potentials. This discrimination occurs because JC-1 forms aggregates at high membrane potentials. These J-aggregates emit a bright red-orange fluorescence at 590 nm. In this study, JC-1 was combined with the classical dead cell stain, propidium iodide (PI), to identify a spectrum of functional sperm along with degenerate sperm. Flow cytometric analysis of bull sperm showed that the aggregate:monomer ratio differed among bulls before cryopreservation (P < 0.001) but not afterwards (P > 0.05). The effects of stain equilibration time, sperm concentration, and live:dead ratios were examined. The addition of SYBR-14 to the JC-1 and PI combination enhanced the distinction between the red PI-stained and red-orange JC-1-stained populations. This discrimination between J-aggregates and the PI-stained sperm was affected by sperm concentration. These studies show that JC-1 can be useful in monitoring mitochondrial function in bovine sperm.
Cd38/Adp-Ribosyl Cyclase (1999)

The multifunctional ADP-ribosyl cyclase, CD38, catalyzes the cyclization of NAD(+) to cyclic ADP-ribose (cADPr). The latter gates Ca(2+) release through microsomal membrane-resident ryanodine receptors (RyRs). We first cloned and sequenced full-length CD38 cDNA from a rabbit osteoclast cDNA library. The predicted amino acid sequence displayed 59, 59, and 50% similarity, respectively, to the mouse, rat, and human CD38. In situ RT-PCR revealed intense cytoplasmic staining of osteoclasts, confirming CD38 mRNA expression. Both confocal microscopy and Western blotting confirmed the plasma membrane localization of the CD38 protein. The ADP-ribosyl cyclase activity of osteoclastic CD38 was next demonstrated by its ability to cyclize the NAD(+) surrogate, NGD(+), to its fluorescent derivative cGDP-ribose. We then examined the effects of CD38 on osteoclast function. CD38 activation by an agonist antibody (A10) in the presence of substrate (NAD(+)) triggered a cytosolic Ca(2+) signal. Both ryanodine receptor modulators, ryanodine, and caffeine, markedly attenuated this cytosolic Ca(2+) change. Furthermore, the anti-CD38 agonist antibody expectedly inhibited bone resorption in the pit assay and elevated interleukin-6 (IL-6) secretion. IL-6, in turn, enhanced CD38 mRNA expression. Taken together, the results provide compelling evidence for a new role for CD38/ADP-ribosyl cyclase in the control of bone resorption, most likely exerted via cADPr.
Ultrafine dispersed CuO nanoparticles and their antibacterial activity (2008)

Copper oxide nanoparticles with a particle size ranging from 80 to 160 nm were prepared by a wet chemical procedure. Copper carbonate hydroxide and sodium hydroxide were used as raw materials. Copper hydroxide was generated as a precursor which was thermally decomposed to CuO nanoparticles. The nanoparticles were characterised using atomic force microscopy, X-ray diffraction and UV-visible spectrometry. The nanoparticles were tested for antibacterial activity against Klebsiella pneumoniae, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Salmonella paratyphi and Shigella strains.
EXTRACTION OF ACTINIDES(III), (IV), (V), (VI), AND LANTHANIDES(III) BY STRUCTURALLY TAILORED DIAMIDES (2002)

Eleven diamide extractants having the different backbones were synthesized and their extractability for lanthanides(III) and actinides(III), (IV), (V) and (VI) were measured and compared. The diamides investigated include (CH2) n ─(CONR1,R2)2, (n = 0, 1, 2, 3), O─((CH2) n′─CONR1,R2)2, S─((CH2) n″─CONR1,R2)2, and SS─((CH2)n′″─CONR1,R2)2, (n′, n″, n′″ = 1, 2). The diglycolamide introducing an ether oxygen into the main frame, O─(CH2─CONR1,R2)2, exhibited the highest extractability for An(III), (IV) and (VI), as compared with the other bidentate diamides. It is clear from the present results that the thiadiglycolamide, TDGA, which substitutes ether sulfur atom for oxygen in DGA molecule, also enhances the extraction of actinides. The lanthanide pattern, the distribution ratios versus the atomic number, by diglycolamide in HNO3-n-dodecane system exhibited a gradual increase of distribution ratio with increase in the atomic number, the opposite trend to that obtained by the other diamides.
Microprocessor applications to substation control and protection (1988)

Some of the characteristics of microprocessor applications introduced over the last ten years are surveyed, and the specific benefits received from these uses are pointed out. The focus is on specific design issues that illustrate some of the design characteristics and advantages achieved by using microprocessors. Specific examples related to the development of distance relays, distribution feeder monitoring and protection systems, and integrated control and protection systems for high-voltage substations are discussed.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Adaptation of source-specific dictionaries in Non-Negative Matrix Factorization for source separation (2011)

This paper concerns the adaptation of spectrum dictionaries in audio source separation with supervised learning. Supposing that samples of the audio sources to separate are available, a filter adaptation in the frequency domain is proposed in the context of Non-Negative Matrix Factorization with the Itakura-Saito divergence. The algorithm is able to retrieve the acoustical filter applied to the sources with a good accuracy, and demonstrates significantly higher performances on separation tasks when compared with the non-adaptive model.
Cycle Slip Mitigation in POLMUX-QPSK Modulation (2011)

We demonstrate a pilot-symbol assisted joint polarization carrier phase estimation technique that detects cycle slip and avoid error propagation. Coherent detection without differential coding is feasible when the cycle slip probability is less than 10−3.