gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Variation of the Side Chain Branch Position Leads to Vastly Improved Molecular Weight and OPV Performance in 4,8-dialkoxybenzo[1,2-b:4,5-b′]dithiophene/2,1,3-benzothiadiazole Copolymers (2011)

Through manipulation of the solubilizing side chains, we were able to dramatically improve the molecular weight<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mml:mrow><mml:mo>(</mml:mo><mml:mrow><mml:msub><mml:mi>M</mml:mi><mml:mi>w</mml:mi></mml:msub></mml:mrow><mml:mo>)</mml:mo></mml:mrow></mml:math>of 4,8-dialkoxybenzo[1,2- b :4,5- b ′ ]dithiophene (BDT)/2,1,3-benzothiadiazole (BT) copolymers. When dodecyl side chains ( P1 ) are employed at the 4- and 8-positions of the BDT unit, we obtain a chloroform-soluble copolymer fraction with<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mml:mrow><mml:msub><mml:mi>M</mml:mi><mml:mi>w</mml:mi></mml:msub></mml:mrow></mml:math>of 6.3 kg/mol. Surprisingly, by moving to the commonly employed 2-ethylhexyl branch ( P2 ),<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mml:mrow><mml:msub><mml:mi>M</mml:mi><mml:mi>w</mml:mi></mml:msub></mml:mrow></mml:math>decreases to 3.4 kg/mol. This is despite numerous reports that this side chain increases solubility and<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mml:mrow><mml:msub><mml:mi>M</mml:mi><mml:mi>w</mml:mi></mml:msub></mml:mrow></mml:math>. By moving the ethyl branch in one position relative to the polymer backbone (1-ethylhexyl, P3 ),<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mml:mrow><mml:msub><mml:mi>M</mml:mi><mml:mi>w</mml:mi></mml:msub></mml:mrow></mml:math>is dramatically increased to 68.8 kg/mol. As a result of this<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mml:mrow><mml:msub><mml:mi>M</mml:mi><mml:mi>w</mml:mi></mml:msub></mml:mrow></mml:math>increase, the shape of the absorption profile is dramatically altered, with<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mml:msub><mml:mi>λ</mml:mi><mml:mrow><mml:mtext>max</mml:mtext></mml:mrow></mml:msub></mml:math>= 637 nm compared with 598 nm for P1 and 579 nm for P2 . The hole mobility as determined by thin film transistor (TFT) measurements is improved from<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mml:mo>~</mml:mo><mml:mn>1</mml:mn><mml:mo>×</mml:mo><mml:msup><mml:mrow><mml:mn>10</mml:mn></mml:mrow><mml:mrow><mml:mo>−</mml:mo><mml:mn>6</mml:mn></mml:mrow></mml:msup></mml:math> cm 2 /Vs for P1 and P2 to<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mml:mn>7</mml:mn><mml:mo>×</mml:mo><mml:msup><mml:mn>10</mml:mn><mml:mrow><mml:mo>−</mml:mo><mml:mn>4</mml:mn></mml:mrow></mml:msup></mml:math> cm 2 /Vs for P3 , while solar cell power conversion efficiency in increased to<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mml:mn>2.91</mml:mn><mml:mi>%</mml:mi></mml:math>for P3 relative to<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mml:mn>0.31</mml:mn><mml:mi>%</mml:mi></mml:math>and<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mml:mn>0.19</mml:mn><mml:mi>%</mml:mi></mml:math>for P1 and P2 , respectively.
Multi-plasmid DNA vaccination avoids antigenic competition and enhances immunogenicity of a poorly immunogenic plasmid (1998)

DNA immunization is a very promising approach to the formulation of multivalent vaccines. However, little information is currently available on the immunogenicity of multi-plasmid formulations. To address this issue, we immunized mice with a combination of four plasmids encoding malarial antigens and we compared antibody responses with those obtained with single-plasmid injections. We found that when four plasmids encoding Plasmodium falciparum circumsporozoite protein, thrombospondin-related anonymous protein, major merozoite surface protein (MSP)1 and Pfs25 are co-injected into mice, Ab responses against each antigen are elicited at levels at least as high as the level obtained with single-plasmid injection. The quality of antibody production, as determined by isotype analysis, was similar when single- and multi-plasmid administrations were compared, indicating the priming of the same cytokine profile for CD4+ T helper cells. The sera from mice immunized with the four-plasmid formulation specifically recognized sporozoites, blood stage schizonts and gametes, indicating that DNA immunization induced antibody responses relevant to the native conformation. Finally and of particular interest, in the case of MSP1, the antibody response appears to be strongly potentiated by the presence of additional plasmids, indicating an adjuvant effect of DNA.
In Situ Characterization of Lifetime and Morphology in Operating Bulk Heterojunction Organic Photovoltaic Devices by Impedance Spectroscopy (2011)

Abstract Time‐dependent charge transport in operating poly(3‐hexylthiophene):[6,6]‐phenyl‐C 61 ‐butyric acid methyl ester (P3HT:PCBM) bulk heterojunction organic photovoltaic (OPV) devices has been characterized with impedance spectroscopy. Devices with varied composition and morphology were measured over a range of illumination intensities ranging from dark conditions to 1 sun and applied bias voltages ranging from 0.0 V to 0.75 V. Using an equivalent circuit model, materials properties such as dielectric constant and conductivity were determined and found to be in agreement with values measured by other methods. Average carrier lifetimes were also extracted from the model and found to correlate with measured power conversion efficiencies. At the short circuit condition and ∼1 sun illumination, the average electron lifetime was found to vary from 7.8 to 22 μs for devices with power conversion efficiencies ranging from 2.0 to 2.5%. These results suggest that impedance spectroscopy is an effective tool for predicting how processing parameters can impact device performance in organic bulk heterojunction photovoltaic devices.
In vivo high-resolution fluorescence microendoscopy for ovarian cancer detection and treatment monitoring (2009)

Our findings indicate the potential of this approach as a reporter of treatment outcome that could aid in the rational design of strategies to mitigate recurrent OvCa.
Key issues in reporting common cancer specimens: problems in pathologic staging of colon cancer. (2006)

Standardization of pathologic evaluation of colorectal cancer resection specimens is essential for optimal patient care and is aided by the use of data-driven guidelines that are easily understood and consistently applied.
Proactive VNF provisioning with multi-timescale cloud resources: Fusing online learning and online optimization (2017)

Network Function Virtualization (NFV) represents a new paradigm of network service provisioning. NFV providers acquire cloud resources, install virtual network functions (VNFs), assemble VNF service chains for customer usage, and dynamically scale VNF deployment against input traffic fluctuations. While existing literature on VNF scaling mostly adopts a reactive approach, we target a proactive approach that is more practical given the time overhead for VNF deployment. We aim to effectively estimate upcoming traffic rates and adjust VNF deployment a priori, for flow service quality assurance and resource cost minimization. We adapt online learning techniques for predicting future service chain workloads. We further combine the online learning method with a multi-timescale online optimization algorithm for VNF scaling, through minimization of the regret due to inaccurate demand prediction and minimization of the cost incurred by sub-optimal online decisions in a joint online optimization framework. The resulting proactive online VNF provisioning algorithm achieves a good performance guarantee, as shown by both theoretical analysis and simulation under realistic settings.
Dynamic PageRank: Algorithms and Lower Bounds (2013)

Personalalized PageRank uses random walks to determine the importance or authority of nodes in a graph from the point of view of a given source node. Much past work has considered how to compute personalized PageRank from a given source node to other nodes. In this work we consider the problem of computing personalized PageRanks to a given target node from all source nodes. This problem can be interpreted as finding who supports the target or who is interested in the target. We present an efficient algorithm for computing personalized PageRank to a given target up to any given accuracy. We give a simple analysis of our algorithm's running time in both the average case and the parameterized worst-case. We show that for any graph with $n$ nodes and $m$ edges, if the target node is randomly chosen and the teleport probability $α$ is given, the algorithm will compute a result with $ε$ error in time $O\left(\frac{1}{αε} \left(\frac{m}{n} + \log(n)\right)\right)$. This is much faster than the previously proposed method of computing personalized PageRank separately from every source node, and it is comparable to the cost of computing personalized PageRank from a single source. We present results from experiments on the Twitter graph which show that the constant factors in our running time analysis are small and our algorithm is efficient in practice.
Microinjected carboxylated beads move predominantly poleward in sea urchin eggs (1987)

Observations on living mitotic cells have suggested that material in the spindle moves poleward during mitosis. In order to investigate this movement, sea urchin eggs have been microinjected with 0.25-micron diameter carboxylated fluorescent beads. When fluorescent beads were injected into unfertilized Lytechinus variegatus eggs, no motility was detected. When injected into mitotic cells, beads moved to the spindle poles. Individual beads moved rapidly, in a saltatory fashion, and followed generally linear paths. Beads appeared to move along astral fibers, were generally excluded from the spindle proper, and accumulated at the spindle poles. Some dispersion of the beads away from the pole was observed as cells completed mitosis, but the majority of beads retained a polar location. After depolymerization of spindle microtubules with nocodazole, some dispersion of beads into the cytoplasm was also observed. Beads moved along taxol-induced astral microtubules and accumulated at astral centers. These observations reveal that negatively charged beads accumulate rapidly at mitotic centers, moving toward the minus end of the microtubules. Neither the bidirectional motility of similar beads in interphase cells nor the plus-end-directed bead motility seen in axons was observed in these mitotic cells.
Synthesis of a Room Temperature Stable 12CaO·7Al<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> Electride from the Melt and Its Application as an Electron Field Emitter (2006)

A room temperature (RT) stable electride was realized by thermally annealing an insulating 12CaO·7Al2O3 (C12A7) single crystal in a calcium metal vapor. Here we report a simple and direct method for synthesizing polycrystalline C12A7 electride (C12A7:e-); the solidification of a “melt” in a reducing atmosphere and the crystallization of a “glass” with an oxygen-deficient composition in a vacuum. The carbon-related anion (C22-) presumably serves as the template for the formation of the C12A7 phase in the solidification process and may be spontaneously released from the lattice during the cooling process, leaving mobile electrons in the lattice. Also the C22- ions accommodated in the glass may play a significant role in the formation of C12A7:e- during the crystallization. The polycrystalline C12A7:e- exhibits an electrical conductivity up to 5 S·cm-1 at 300 K, which corresponds to an electron concentration of ∼3 × 1019 cm-3 and a nearly equal mobility of ∼0.1 cm2·V-1·s-1 to that of the single crystalline C12A7:e-. A large current density of ∼12 μA·cm-2 is obtained in the electron field emission from a flat surface of the polycrystalline C12A7:e- with a work function of ∼0.6 eV for an applied electric field of 2.4 × 105 V·cm-1. These simple synthetic methods make it possible to produce efficiently the electride in large volume, which will facilitate the C12A7:e- research, paving a way for various applications including cold electron emission.
Fluorescence energy transfer on acetylcholinesterase: spatial relationship between peripheral site and active center (1980)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTFluorescence energy transfer on acetylcholinesterase: spatial relationship between peripheral site and active centerHarvey Alan Berman, Juan Yguerabide, and Palmer TaylorCite this: Biochemistry 1980, 19, 10, 2226–2235Publication Date (Print):May 13, 1980Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 13 May 1980https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/bi00551a036https://doi.org/10.1021/bi00551a036research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views159Altmetric-Citations71LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Parallel Query Processing on the Grid (2009)

Database queries offer an easy-to-use declarative manner for describing complex data management tasks. Query processing technologies have been evolving for decades; however the emergence of the Grid creates a new setting in which novel research issues and challenges have arisen. This chapter discusses how Grid-oriented and/or service-based query processors differ from traditional ones, and focuses on three complementary research issues, namely, how to schedule parallel database queries over non-dedicated, distributed resources; how to mitigate the impact of increased data transfer cost; and how to perform load balancing in this new setting. In addition, we discuss how parallel spatio-temporal query processing techniques can be applied to a Grid environment. The discussion revolves around the development of the OGSA-DQP system, which is a pioneer open-source service-based query processing system that enables parallel query execution over Grid resources, and the way some of the most prominent issues about its performance were addressed. The unique characteristics of the scheduling problem of arbitrarily parallel queries over heterogeneous resources have motivated the development of a new hill-climbing algorithm. For the problems of increased data transmission cost and load balancing, due to the highly volatile conditions, techniques founded on control theory are examined. The emphasis of this chapter is on both the description of a real Grid-enabled parallel query processor and the presentation of the different approaches to tackling each of the afore-mentioned problems including the limitations of the current state-of-the-art solutions.
Increased Bone Turnover During Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone Superagonist-Induced Ovulation Inhibition* (1987)

Superactive stimulatory analogs of GnRH inhibit ovulation in women. This investigation was done to assess bone turnover during GnRH agonist-induced anovulation. Particular interest was directed to the effects of smoking, since smokers have an increased risk of osteoporosis. Fasting serum calcium, phosphate, PTH, and bone Gla-protein (osteocalcin) levels, as well as urinary calcium, cAMP, and hydroxyproline excretion and the renal tubular threshold for phosphate were determined before and after 6 months of GnRH superagonist contraceptive treatment in 47 women, 22 of whom smoked more than 10 cigarettes daily. Before treatment the women who smoked had significantly higher serum phosphate concentrations and lower serum PTH concentrations than the women who did not smoke. Fasting serum calcium and the urinary calcium to creatinine ratio increased after treatment in all women, especially in the nonsmokers. The nonsmokers also had more pronounced increases in serum phosphate and osteocalcin concentrations. A decrease in serum PTH during treatment was confined to the nonsmokers. These results suggest increased bone resorption and turnover during GnRH agonist-induced anovulation and indicate that smoking habits should be taken into account in the evaluation of bone disease.
Voronoi cell based staggered grid SH wave numerical simulation (2006)

We proposed a new Voronoi cell based staggered grid SH wave numerical simulation method. It extends Levander's velocity‐stress elastodynamic equations to unstructured grid using constraint Delaunay triangulation and Voronoi Diagram. The algorithm is implemented by the finite volume weights and three points 2D Taylor series interpolation. It can be used to synthesize SH wavefield at arbitrary surface topography and complicated subsurface structure.
Fat Oxidation before and after a High Fat Load in the Obese Insulin-Resistant State (2006)

The present data indicate an impaired capacity to regulate fat oxidation in the obese insulin-resistant state, which is hypothesized to play a role in the etiology of both obesity and insulin resistance.
A capacitive touch interface for passive RFID tags (2009)

This paper presents a novel method for incorporating a capacitive touch interface into existing passive RFID tag architectures without additional parts or changes to the manufacturing process. Our approach employs the tag's antenna as a dual function element in which the antenna simultaneously acts as both a low-frequency capacitive fringing electric field sensor and also as an RF antenna. To demonstrate the feasibility of our approach, we have prototyped a passive UHF tag with capacitive sensing capability integrated into the antenna port using the WISP tag. Finally, we describe how this technology can be used for touch interfaces as well as other applications with the addition of a LED for user feedback.
A full Cu damascene metallization process for sub-0.18 /spl mu/m RF CMOS SoC high Q inductor and MIM capacitor application at 2.4 GHz and 5.3 GHz (2001)

A full Cu damascene metallization process was successfully developed for simultaneous formation of sub-0.18 /spl mu/m RF CMOS passive components including circular spiral inductor and MIM capacitor. High quality factor inductor with Q=18 at 1.2 nH was achieved by applying highly uniform Cu CMP process on polishing microns of Cu. Less than 2% Rs uniformity and 70 nm dishing on 95% density Cu line were achieved on 8" wafers for finished 2.5 /spl mu/m thick Cu inductor. Q factor has been doubled from 6 to 13 at 2.4 GHz when alternating the 3.5 turns inductor material from Al to Cu. The low sheet resistance on the inductor top plate allows for good Q value. Pre-CMP anneal condition was found crucial for final Cu surface morphology which in terms affecting the breakdown characteristic of the MIM capacitor. In this work, it was found that stressing the Cu with pre-CMP high temperature anneal can relieve the Cu surface hillock formation after the MIM insulator deposition. As a result, with the pre-CMP high temperature anneal, the breakdown voltage can be improved to 4 times better than the one with no or low temperature pre-CMP anneal. The breakdown field improvement is calculated to be up to 6.6 M V/cm. This power MOS can be used for both Bluetooth (around 2.4 GHz) and wireless LAN (around 5.3 GHz) applications by inductor layout optimization on peak-Q value at specified frequency.
Time-Resolved Ultra–High Resolution Optical Coherence Tomography for Real-Time Monitoring of Selective Retina Therapy (2015)

The first clinical results proved that successful SRT irradiation induces detectable changes in the OCT M-scan signal while it remains invisible in conventional ophthalmoscopic imaging. Thus, real-time high-resolution OCT is a promising modality to monitor and analyze tissue effects introduced by selective retina therapy and may be used to guide SRT in an automatic feedback mode (www.swissmedic.ch number, 2011-MD-0006).
Design of CO Tolerant Anode Catalysts for Polymer Electrolyte Fuel Cell (1999)

The electrocatalytic activity for H2 oxidation in the presence of 100 ppm CO has been investigated on 40 species of binary Pt alloy electrocatalysts with different combinations or compositions. Pt-Fe, Pt-Ni, Pt-Co and Pt-Mo alloys have been found to exhibit the excellent CO-tolerance. On such alloy electrodes, the equilibrium coverage of CO was suppressed less than ca. 0.6. The surface of the alloys was found to be composed of thin Pt layer, but its electronic structure differed from that of pure Pt.
Pre-vaccination inflammation and B-cell signalling predict age-related hyporesponse to hepatitis B vaccination (2016)

Aging is associated with hyporesponse to vaccination, whose mechanisms remain unclear. In this study hepatitis B virus (HBV)-naive older adults received three vaccines, including one against HBV. Here we show, using transcriptional and cytometric profiling of whole blood collected before vaccination, that heightened expression of genes that augment B-cell responses and higher memory B-cell frequencies correlate with stronger responses to HBV vaccine. In contrast, higher levels of inflammatory response transcripts and increased frequencies of pro-inflammatory innate cells correlate with weaker responses to this vaccine. Increased numbers of erythrocytes and the haem-induced response also correlate with poor response to the HBV vaccine. A transcriptomics-based pre-vaccination predictor of response to HBV vaccine is built and validated in distinct sets of older adults. This moderately accurate (area under the curve≈65%) but robust signature is supported by flow cytometry and cytokine profiling. This study is the first that identifies baseline predictors and mechanisms of response to the HBV vaccine.
Noise Characteristics of 3D Time-of-Flight Cameras (2007)

Time-of-flight (TOF) cameras are based on a new technology that delivers distance maps by the use of a modulated light source. In this paper we first describe a set of experiments that we performed with TOF cameras. We then propose a noise model which is able to explain some of the phenomena observed in the experiments. The model is based on assuming a noise source that is correlated with the light source (shot noise) and an additional additive noise source (dark current noise). The model predicts well the dependency of the distance errors on the image intensity and the true distance at an individual pixel.
Association Between Vitiligo Extent and Distribution and Quality-of-Life Impairment (2012)

clinicaltrials.gov Identifier: NCT01401374
About the Cover (2021)

The cover of this issue of Screen Bodies features the digital work “Crypto Queen” by restlessperson (Aleksandr Rybin), which the artist has minted as an NFT. We spoke with Rybin about the subject matter of his work, connections between digital and analog art, and the future of NFTs. His work is available on KnownOrigin.