gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Effects of valganciclovir as an add‐on therapy in patients with cytomegalovirus‐positive glioblastoma: A randomized, double‐blind, hypothesis‐generating study (2013)

Cytomegalovirus is highly prevalent in glioblastomas. In 2006, we initiated a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, hypothesis-generating study to examine the safety and potential efficacy of Valganciclovir as an add-on therapy for glioblastoma. Forty-two glioblastoma patients were randomized in double-blind fashion to receive Valganciclovir or placebo in addition to standard therapy for 6 months. Magnetic resonance images were obtained before and immediately and 3 and 6 months after surgery to evaluate treatment efficacy by measuring contrast enhancing tumor volume (primary end point). Survival data were analyzed for patients and controls in explorative analyses to aid the design of future randomized trials. Trends but no significant differences were observed in tumor volumes in Valganciclovir and placebo patients at 3 (3.58 vs. 7.44 cm3, respectively, p = 0.2881) and 6 (3.31 vs. 13.75 cm3, p = 0.2120) months. Median overall survival (OS) was similar in both groups (17.9 vs. 17.4 months, p = 0.430). Patients could take Valganciclovir for compassionate use after the study phase. Explorative analyses showed an OS of 24.1 months (95% CI, 17.4-40.3) in patients receiving >6 months of Valganciclovir (Val > 6M) versus 13.1 months (95% CI, 7.9-17.7, p < 0.0001) in patients receiving Valganciclovir for 0 or <6 months, and 13.7 months (95% CI, 6.9-17.3, p = 0.0031) in contemporary controls. OS at 4 years was 27.3% in Val>6M patients versus 5.9% in controls (p = 0.0466). Prolonged OS in Val>6M patients suggest that future randomized trials are warranted and should evaluate whether continuous antiviral treatment can improve outcome in glioblastoma patients.
Il seduttore sedotto: Da Omero ad Aristofane (1997)

E' ben nota la scena di seduzione che, nella Lisistrata di Aristofane, vede protagonisti Mirrine, una giovane donna ateniese che ha aderito allo sciopero sessuale organizzato da Lisistrata avvista, dall'alto dell'Acropoli occupata dalle scioperanti, un giovanne uoma, che, come mostra inequivocabilmente il fallo eretto (cf. vv. 831-32, 845-46), e un preda a un parossistico desiderio sessuale, provocato dalla lunga astinenza
Which Portion in a Facet is Specifically Affected by Articular Cartilage Degeneration with Aging in the Human Lumbar Zygapophysial Joint? (2003)

Using 10 osteoligamentous vertebral columns obtained from elderly donated cadavers, we describe in detail degenerative changes of the articular cartilage in lumbar zygapophysial joints to show which portion in a facet is specifically affected. Degenerative changes, including extended cartilage defects, occurred in multiple facets of every specimen. The results demonstrated 5 basic morphologies of degeneration, i.e., 1) marginal dominace in the articular surface, 2) lower segment dominance except for the lowest (L5/S) facet, 3) advancement in the inferior articular process, 4) cranial and caudal dominance rather than the dorsal dominance in the articular surface and 5) progress in a mirror-image manner. These rules seemed to be consistent with differences in size, shape and kinesiological aspects of the facet between segments and between portions in a facet.
Oxidative Dimerization of 2-Oxindoles Promoted by KO<sup><i>t</i></sup>Bu-I<sub>2</sub>: Total Synthesis of (±)-Folicanthine (2015)

A 'transition-metal-free' oxidative coupling of 2-oxindoles has been demonstrated in the presence of 1.2 equiv each of potassium tert-butoxide and iodine. The method yields a diverse range of structurally different homo- and heterodimerized 2-oxindoles bearing vicinal all-carbon quaternary centers of great synthetic importance. A radical-driven pathway has been tentatively proposed.
Swelling-Induced Taurine Transport: Relationship with Chloride Channels, Anion-Exchangers and Other Swelling-Activated Transport Pathways (2008)

Cells have to regulate their volume in order to survive. Moreover, it is now evident that cell volume per se and the membrane transport processes which regulate it, comprise an important signalling unit. For example, macromolecular synthesis, apoptosis, cell growth and hormone secretion are all influenced by the cellular hydration state. Therefore, a thorough understanding of volume-activated transport processes could lead to new strategies being developed to control the function and growth of both normal and cancerous cells. Cell swelling stimulates the release of ions such as K(+) and Cl(-) together with organic osmolytes, especially the beta-amino acid taurine. Despite being the subject of intense research interest, the nature of the volume-activated taurine efflux pathway is still a matter of controversy. On the one hand it has been suggested that osmosensitive taurine efflux utilizes volume-sensitive anion channels whereas on the other it has been proposed that the band 3 anion-exchanger is a swelling-induced taurine efflux pathway. This article reviews the evidence for and against a role of anion channels and exchangers in osmosensitive taurine transport. Furthermore, the distinct possibility that neither pathway is involved in taurine transport is highlighted. The putative relationship between swelling-induced taurine transport and volume-activated anionic amino acid, alpha-neutral amino acid and K(+) transport is also examined.
A Two‐Electron Storage Nonaqueous Organic Redox Flow Battery (2018)

Abstract Nonaqueous redox flow batteries based on redox‐active organic materials (ROMs) are attractive for stationary energy storage applications, but inferior energy densities are demonstrated in reported systems. To address this limitation, a nonaqueous organic flow battery using two‐electron anthraquinone anolyte and phenothiazine catholyte materials is developed. Structural tailoring leads to greatly improved solubilities with the cell potentials of 1.63 and 2.80 V for the first and second electron transfer reactions, respectively, of optimized ROMs. Doubled charge storage capacities indicative of 2e − reactions are achieved in proof‐of‐concept bulk electrolyte and flow cell demonstrations, albeit with only modest cyclability due to the limited stability of the second redox event. Although further improvement is still needed to attract practical interest, this study opens a promising pathway to increase the energy density for organic flow batteries and is expected to inspire more in‐depth studies of energy dense, stable ROMs.
Modified De Vega's Annuloplasty for Functional Tricuspid Regurgitation. Early and Late Results. (1992)

From 1978 through 1987, 321 patients who had functional tricuspid regurgitation (TR) associated with mitral or combined mitral and aortic valve disease underwent tricuspid annuloplasty with our modification of the original De Vega's annuloplasty technique. The modified De Vega's annuloplasty consisted of two separate semicircular sutures placed around the anterior and lateral aspect of the tricuspid valve. Preoperatively, 229 (71.3%) of the 321 patients were in New York Heart Association functional class III or IV. There were nineteen early deaths (5.9%), and 15 patients died during a follow-up period of 15 to 126 months (mean follow-up, 26 months). Five patients (1.5%) required reoperation because of biological mitral valve failure and recurrence of mitral stenosis. The severity of TR was evaluated by two-dimensional and pulsed Doppler echocardiography, and was classified on a scale of 0 to Grade 3 according to the maximal distance and the flow pattern of the regurgitant signals in the right atrium. Postoperative echocardiographic evaluation of TR was performed in 121 randomly selected patients late after operation. TR reduced to Grade 1 or less in 107 (88.4%) of the 121 patients after operation. Ninety-six percent of the survivors were in New York Heart Association functional class I or II, postoperatively. The actuarial survival rate for the 321 patients with the modified De Vega's annuloplasty including early deaths was 88.2% at 10 years and the actuarial rate of freedom from reoperation on the tricuspid valve was 97.6%. Our surgical experience indicated that the modified De Vega's annuloplasty, as the method of first choice, is a simple, reliable procedure and resulted in reduction of the severity of TR in 88.4% of the patients with functional TR.
Determining Partition Coefficient (Log P), Distribution Coefficient (Log D) and Ionization Constant (pKa) in Early Drug Discovery (2016)

An early prediction of physicochemical properties is highly desirable during drug discovery to find out a viable lead candidate. Although there are several methods available to determine partition coefficient (log P), distribution coefficient (log D) and ionization constant (pKa), none of them involves simple and fixed, miniaturized protocols for diverse set of compounds. Therefore, it is necessary to establish simple, uniform and medium-throughput protocols requiring small sample quantities for the determination of these physicochemical properties. Log P and log D were determined by shake flask method, wherein, the compound was partitioned between presaturated noctanol and water phase (water/PBS pH 7.4) and the concentration of compound in each phase was determined by HPLC. The pKa determination made use of UV spectrophotometric analysis in a 96-well microtiter plate containing a series of aqueous buffers ranging from pH 1.0 to 13.0. The medium-throughput miniaturized protocols described herein, for determination of log P, log D and pKa, are straightforward to set up and require very small quantities of sample (< 5 mg for all three properties). All established protocols were validated using diverse set of compounds.
Recognition and sensing of fluoride anion (2009)

Fluoride anion recognition is attracting a mounting interest in the scientific community due to its duplicitous nature. It is a useful chemical for many industrial applications, and it has been used in human diet, but, recently it has been accused for several human pathologies. Here we describe the ample panorama of different approaches the chemists world-wide have employed to face the challenge of fluoride binding, and we outline some of the research which in our view can contribute to the development of this field, especially when fluoride binding has to be achieved in highly competitive protic solvents and water.
Determining the Optimal Approach to Breast Reconstruction after Partial Mastectomy (2006)

Immediate repair of partial mastectomy defects with local tissues results in a lower risk of complications and better aesthetic outcomes than immediate repair of partial mastectomy defects with a latissimus dorsi flap.
make test-zesti: a symbolic execution solution for improving regression testing (2012)

Software testing is an expensive and time consuming process, often involving the manual creation of comprehensive regression test suites. However, current testing methodologies do not take full advantage of these tests. In this paper, we present a technique for amplifying the effect of existing test suites using a lightweight symbolic execution mechanism, which thoroughly checks all sensitive operations (e.g., pointer dereferences) executed by the test suite for errors, and explores additional paths around sensitive operations. We implemented this technique in a prototype system called ZESTI (Zero-Effort Symbolic Test Improvement), and applied it to three open-source code bases — GNU Coreutils, libdwarf and readelf — where it found 52 previously unknown bugs, many of which are out of reach of standard symbolic execution. Our technique works transparently to the tester, requiring no additional human effort or changes to source code or tests.
Identification of T-cell Subpopulations in Granuloma Annulare (1983)

Granuloma annulare is a lymphohistiocytic process of unknown cause characterized by necrobiotic dermal papules. Acetone-fixed frozen sections of eight granuloma annulare lesions were studied for the presence of T-cell subsets, using monoclonal antibodies to T-cell surface antigens. The palisading and perivascular lymphocytic infiltrate shows that most of the mononuclear cells are reactive with LEU-1 antibody, which characterizes peripheral T cells and activated T cells. Numerous cells were reactive with LEU-3a antibody, which identifies the helper-inducer T-cell subset. Some cells were positive with LEU-2a antibody, which detects suppressor-cytotoxic cell populations. Masses of histiocytes were identified infiltrating between the collagen fibers and surrounding the central necrobiosis area; the histiocytes showed a very strong diffuse acid phosphatase and nonspecific esterase activity. These findings suggest that a cell-mediated immune response may be the dominant pathogenic event in granuloma annulare.
CREATIVE PRICING IN MARKETS FOR INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY (2005)

Abstract. Technological changes over the past two decades have made it easier to distribute and to copy intellectual property. Creators and owners of intellectual property have responded to these changes with a variety of creative pricing strategies. The paper reviews some of these pricing innovations. Two broad categories of innovations are explored: those that facilitate price discrimination and those that exploit complementarities between di¤erent types of creative works. Two decades ago, the photocopier, the audiocassette recorder and the videocassette recorder were the relatively new technologies that threatened to change the market for intellectual property. Economic analysis by Leibowitz (1985), Novos and Waldman (1984) and Johnson (1985) among others centered on the impact of these new technologies on consumers and producers and the possibility that the owners of intellectual property could indirectly appropriate the value created by their property when copied by someone who did not pay for it. In the intervening two decades, the digitization of most creative work and the advent of new technologies
Libra or Librae? Basket based stablecoins to mitigate foreign exchange volatility spillovers (2022)

The paper aims to assess, from an empirical viewpoint, the advantages of a stablecoin whose value is derived from a basket of underlying currencies, against a stablecoin which is pegged to the value of one major currency, such as the dollar. To this aim, we first find the optimal weights of the currencies that can comprise our basket. We then employ volatility spillover decomposition methods to understand which foreign currency mostly drives the others. We then look at how the stability of either stablecoin is affected by currency shocks by means of spillover networks built on VAR models. Our empirical findings show that our basket based stablecoin is less volatile than all single currencies. This result is fundamental for policy making, and especially for emerging markets with a high level of remittances: a Librae (basket based stablecoin) can preserve their value during turbolent times better than a Libra (single currency based stablecoin).
Joint Interface Placement and Channel Assignment in Multi-channel Wireless Mesh Networks (2012)

In multi-channel wireless mesh networks (WMNs), it is significantly important to achieve efficient channel utilization. The channel assignment problem, which investigates how to seek a proper mapping between available channels and network interface cards (NICs) on mesh routers (MRs), is attracting more and more attention from the research community. However, most proposed channel assignment approaches assume that NICs are evenly placed on the MRs, and its amount is also pre-determined. Due to the non-uniform distribution of WMN traffic, the equal interface placement will inevitably cause that the bottleneck MRs suffer from NIC shortage, and MRs with less load only have a low utilization of NICs. Hence, in order to improve network performance and reduce network cost, interface placement should be considered carefully in the process of planning a WMN. In this paper, we investigate the joint interface placement and channel assignment problem, i.e., how to appropriately place NICs on MRs and assign channels to them. We first formulate the problem as a mixed integer linear programming (MILP) model, which aims to minimize the total number of NICs while satisfying logical link, link bandwidth, link interference and traffic demand constraints. Then, we propose an MILP-based heuristic algorithm, using iterated local search to obtain sub-optimal solutions efficiently. Finally, we conduct simulation experiments to compare the heuristic solutions with the optimal solutions, and the results show that our proposed heuristic algorithm can achieve good sub-optimal solutions. Moreover, the simulation results also demonstrate that the algorithm can be well applied in large-scale WMNs where the optimal solutions cannot be obtained, and can perform well under different traffic demands.
한부모가정 자매의 불안 및 신체 증상 완화를 위한 미술치료 사례연구 (2017)

본 연구는 인지행동치료를 미술치료에 적용하여 한부모가정 자매의 불안 및 신체증상의 완화에 미치는 영향을 알아보는데 그 목적이 있다. 연구대상은 불안과 신체증상으로 인해 부적응적 행동을 보이는 초등학교 5, 6학년의 자매 2명이다. 미술치료 프로그램은 2016년 6월부터 8월까지 주 2회기로 매회 60분씩 실시하였으며, 4회기부터는 복식 및 이완훈련이...
Δ98Δ, a minimalist model of antiparallel β‐sheet proteins based on intestinal fatty acid binding protein (2009)

The design of beta-barrels has always been a formidable challenge for de novo protein design. For instance, a persistent problem is posed by the intrinsic tendency to associate given by free edges. From the opposite standpoint provided by the redesign of natural motifs, we believe that the intestinal fatty acid binding protein (IFABP) framework allows room for intervention, giving rise to abridged forms from which lessons on beta-barrel architecture and stability could be learned. In this context, Delta98Delta (encompassing residues 29-126 of IFABP) emerges as a monomeric variant that folds properly, retaining functional activity, despite lacking extensive stretches involved in the closure of the beta-barrel. Spectroscopic probes (fluorescence and circular dichroism) support the existence of a form preserving the essential determinants of the parent structure, albeit endowed with enhanced flexibility. Chemical and physical perturbants reveal cooperative unfolding transitions, with evidence of significant population of intermediate species in equilibrium, structurally akin to those transiently observed in IFABP. The recognition by the natural ligand oleic acid exerts a mild stabilizing effect, being of a greater magnitude than that found for IFABP. In summary, Delta98Delta adopts a monomeric state with a compact core and a loose periphery, thus pointing to the nonintuitive notion that the integrity of the beta-barrel can indeed be compromised with no consequence on the ability to attain a native-like and functional fold.
Key Role for the Alternative Sigma Factor, SigH, in the Intracellular Life of Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis during Macrophage Stress (2013)

Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis causes Johne's disease, an enteric infection in cattle and other ruminants, greatly afflicting the dairy industry worldwide. Once inside the cell, M. avium subsp. paratuberculosis is known to survive harsh microenvironments, especially those inside activated macrophages. To improve our understanding of M. avium subsp. paratuberculosis pathogenesis, we examined phagosome maturation associated with transcriptional responses of M. avium subsp. paratuberculosis during macrophage infection. Monitoring cellular markers, only live M. avium subsp. paratuberculosis bacilli were able to prevent phagosome maturation and reduce its acidification. On the transcriptional level, over 300 M. avium subsp. paratuberculosis genes were significantly and differentially regulated in both naive and IFN-γ-activated macrophages. These genes include the sigma factor H (sigH) that was shown to be important for M. avium subsp. paratuberculosis survival inside gamma interferon (IFN-γ)-activated bovine macrophages. Interestingly, an sigH-knockout mutant showed increased sensitivity to a sustained level of thiol-specific oxidative stress. Large-scale RNA sequence analysis revealed that a large number of genes belong to the sigH regulon, especially following diamide stress. Genes involved in oxidative stress and virulence were among the induced genes in the sigH regulon with a putative consensus sequence for SigH binding that was recognized in a subset of these genes (n = 30), suggesting direct regulation by SigH. Finally, mice infections showed a significant attenuation of the ΔsigH mutant compared to its parental strain, suggesting a role for sigH in M. avium subsp. paratuberculosis virulence. Such analysis could identify potential targets for further testing as vaccine candidates against Johne's disease.
Biophysical characterization of calmodulin and calmodulin-like proteins from rice, &lt;italic&gt;Oryza sativa&lt;/italic&gt; L. (2011)

Calmodulin (CaM) transduces the increase in cytosolic Ca(2+) concentrations by binding to and altering the activities of target proteins, thereby affecting the physiological responses to the vast array of stimuli. Here, we examined the purified recombinant proteins encoded by three Cam and eight Cam-like (CML) genes from rice. With the exception of one OsCML, all recombinant proteins could be purified by Ca(2+)-dependent hydrophobic chromatography and exhibited an electrophoretic mobility shift when incubated with Ca(2+). The three CaMs all bound CaM kinase II peptide, but none of the eight CMLs did, suggesting a possible differential target binding between the CaM and CML proteins. In addition, their conformational changes upon Ca(2+)-binding were evaluated by circular dichroism spectroscopy and fluorescence spectroscopy using 8-Anilino-1-naphthalene-sulfonic acid. Taken together, OsCMLs were found exhibiting a spectrum of both structural and functional characteristics that ranged from typical to atypical of CaMs. From structural comparison, the OsCMLs have overall main-chain conformation nearly identical to OsCaMs, but with distinct distribution of some charged and hydrophobic amino acids on their target-binding site. These results suggest that genetic polymorphism has promoted the functional diversity of the OsCML family, whose members possess modes of actions probably different from, though maybe overlapping with, those of OsCaMs.
Chlorophyll breakdown in senescent cotyledons of rape, <i>Brassica napus</i> L.: Enzymatic cleavage of phaeophorbide <i>a in vitro</i> (1995)

Solubilization of senescent thylakoids from rape cotyledons in the presence of Triton X-100 was employed to establish an in vitro system that allowed the assessment of enzymatic conversion of phaeophorbide a into an uncoloured fluorescent chlorophyll catabolite, Bn-FCC-2. The action of the putative dioxygenase responsible for the cleavage of the porphyrin macrocycle depends on reduced ferredoxin as reductant. Apart from this thylakoidal catalyst, stromal protein is also required for the production of FCC-2 in vitro. The cleavage reaction does not occur with phaeophorbide b as substrate. Saturation kinetics with phaeophorbide a as substrate yielded an apparent K<sub>m</sub> -value of c. 200 μ. The enzyme contains iron as suggested by inhibitory effects of appropriate chelators. Enzyme activity lost upon treatment with bipyridyl was partly restored in the presence of Fe-ions; other metal ions such as Cu, Zn and Co were ineffective. The enzyme is absent in the thylakoids of mature green cotyledons. It appears upon the induction of foliar senescence and reaches the highest levels towards the end of the yellowing process.