gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
MIMO–OFDM With Nonlinear Power Amplifiers (2015)

The influence of nonlinear power amplifiers (PAs) on the performance of multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing (OFDM) systems is investigated. A “full” MIMO scheme with transmitters (TX) precoding and receivers (RX) decoding is considered. It is shown, under assumption of high order OFDM and frequency selective channel, that the ratio between the useful signal and the nonlinear distortions is proportional to the number of TX antennas, i.e., the influence of the nonlinear distortions decreases as the number of TX antennas increases. The distortion reduction factor (DRF) is proposed as a performance metric for MIMO-OFDM systems with nonlinear PAs. A general formula for signal to distortion and noise ratio is obtained for the nonlinear PA with memory, described by the Wiener-Hammerstein (WH) model. Special cases of MIMO, such as maximum ratio transmission (MRT) and maximum ratio combining (MRC), are considered. A full agreement between the theoretical and simulation results is obtained. The main contribution of this paper is in a statement that TX processing reduces the effect of nonlinear distortions. This is obtained by novel approach for analysis of the MIMO-OFDM systems with nonlinear PAs with memory.
Therapeutic Efficacy of Nanocomplex of Poly(Ethylene Glycol) and Catechin for Dry Eye Disease in a Mouse Model (2017)

In this study, we found that PEG may increase bioavailability of catechin. Therefore, the PEG/catechin nanocomplex can be used as a new biomedical material to treat dry eye disease through stabilization of the tear film and inhibition of inflammation.
Targeting macrophages with baculovirus‐produced lysosomal enzymes: implications for enzyme replacement therapy of the glycoprotein storage disorder galactosialidosis (2004)

Lysosomal storage diseases (LSDs) are monogenic disorders of metabolism caused by deficiency of hydrolytic enzymes. In several LSDs, cells of the reticuloendothelial (RE) system are the primary targets of the disease. Exogenous administration of recombinant enzymes overproduced in mammalian cells has proved effective for treating the systemic phenotype in nonneuropathic patients with LSDs. However, for the treatment of diseases with primary involvement of the RE system, the production of the therapeutic enzyme in insect cells could be an alternative and advantageous method because glycoproteins expressed in insect cells carry carbohydrates of the pauci-mannose or core-type. These recombinant enzymes are in principle already poised to be internalized by cells that express mannose receptors, including macrophages. Here, we demonstrate that three baculovirus-expressed enzymes, protective protein/cathepsin A (PPCA), neuraminidase (Neu1), and beta-glucosidase, were readily taken up and restored lysosomal function in enzyme-deficient mouse macrophages. The capacity of recombinant PPCA and Neu1 to clear the lysosomal storage in target cells was assessed in PPCA-/- mice, a model of galactosialidosis. Intravenously injected PPCA-/- mice efficiently internalized the corrective enzymes in resident macrophages of many organs. In addition, treated mice showed overall clearance of lysosomal storage in the most affected systemic organs, kidney, liver, and spleen. Our results suggest that ERT with baculovirus-expressed enzymes might be an effective treatment for nonneuropathic patients with galactosialidosis and possibly for others with LSDs that primarily involve the RE system.
Broadband implementation of coprime linear microphone arrays for direction of arrival estimation (2015)

Coprime arrays represent a form of sparse sensing which can achieve narrow beams using relatively few elements, exceeding the spatial Nyquist sampling limit. The purpose of this paper is to expand on and experimentally validate coprime array theory in an acoustic implementation. Two nested sparse uniform linear subarrays with coprime number of elements ( M and N) each produce grating lobes that overlap with one another completely in just one direction. When the subarray outputs are combined it is possible to retain the shared beam while mostly canceling the other superfluous grating lobes. In this way a small number of microphones ( N+M-1) creates a narrow beam at higher frequencies, comparable to a densely populated uniform linear array of MN microphones. In this work beampatterns are simulated for a range of single frequencies, as well as bands of frequencies. Narrowband experimental beampatterns are shown to correspond with simulated results even at frequencies other than the arrays design frequency. Narrowband side lobe locations are shown to correspond to the theoretical values. Side lobes in the directional pattern are mitigated by increasing bandwidth of analyzed signals. Direction of arrival estimation is also implemented for two simultaneous noise sources in a free field condition.
Intravenous Magnesium Sulfate Relieves Cluster Headaches in Patients With Low Serum Ionized Magnesium Levels (1995)

Patients with cluster headaches have been reported to have low serum ionized magnesium levels. We examined the possibility that patients with cluster headaches and low ionized magnesium levels may respond to an intravenous infusion of magnesium sulfate. Thirty-eight infusions of magnesium sulfate were given to 22 patients with cluster headaches. The mean ionized magnesium level prior to 23 infusions which provided relief for at least 2 days and enabled the patient to skip two or more attacks, was 0.521 +/- 0.016 mmol/L; this value was 0.561 +/- 0.016 prior to 15 infusions which were ineffective. These latter 15 infusions were preceded by higher total magnesium levels. The ionized magnesium level prior to the 23 effective infusions was below 0.54 mmol/L in 19 patients. Five of the 15 ineffective infusions were accompanied by basal ionized magnesium levels below 0.54 mmol/L. In 76% of the infusions, there was a correlation between a response and an ionized magnesium level below 0.54 mmol/L. Nine patients (41%) obtained clinically meaningful improvement. Spontaneous remissions and a placebo effect might have accounted for some of the improvement. However, this should have applied equally to all patients, regardless of the ionized magnesium level. Measurements of ionized magnesium may prove useful in elucidating the pathogenesis of cluster headache and in identifying patients who may benefit from treatment with magnesium.
Kinetic Resolution of Racemic Carboxylic Acids Using Achiral Alcohols by the Promotion of Benzoic Anhydrides and Tetramisole Derivatives: Production of Chiral Nonsteroidal Anti‐Inflammatory Drugs and Their Esters (2008)

Abstract A variety of optically active carboxylic esters were produced by kinetic resolution of racemic carboxylic acids by using achiral alcohols, benzoic anhydrides, and Birman's tetramisole‐type catalysts. Bis(α‐naphthyl)methanol is a very effective reagent for producing the corresponding esters with high ee values in the presence of 4‐methoxybenzoic anhydride (PMBA) as the coupling reagent by promotion of benzotetramisole derivatives (BTM, α‐Np‐BTM, and β‐Np‐BTM). This protocol directly provides chiral carboxylic esters from free carboxylic acids and achiral alcohols by utilizing a transacylation process to generate the mixed anhydrides from the acid components with benzoic anhydride derivatives in the presence of chiral catalysts.(© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2008)
<i>Staphylococcus aureus</i> Secretes Coagulase and von Willebrand Factor Binding Protein to Modify the Coagulation Cascade and Establish Host Infections (2012)

Clinical isolates of Staphylococcus aureus secrete coagulases, polypeptides that bind to and activate prothrombin, thereby converting fibrinogen to fibrin and promoting the clotting of plasma or blood. Two staphylococcal products, the canonical coagulase (Coa) as well as the recently identified von Willebrand factor binding protein (vWbp), promote similar modifications of the coagulation cascade during host infection. Staphylococcal binding to fibrinogen or fibrin is an important attribute of disease pathogenesis, which leads to the formation of abscesses and bacterial persistence in host tissues and also enables the pathogen to cause lethal sepsis. Circumstantial evidence suggests that the product of coagulase activity, staphylococci captured within a fibrin meshwork, enable this pathogen to disseminate as thromboembolic lesions and to resist opsonophagocytic clearance by host immune cells. In addition, the coagulation products of staphylococci appear to display discrete differences when compared to those of thrombin-mediated coagulation, the latter representing a key innate defense mechanism against many invading pathogens. Preclinical evidence suggests that inactivation or neutralization of coagulases may prevent the pathogenesis of staphylococcal infections, a strategy that could be used to combat the current epidemic of hospital-acquired infections with drug-resistant S. aureus isolates.
An Enantioselective, Intermolecular α-Arylation of Ester Enolates To Form Tertiary Stereocenters (2011)

In transition-metal catalyzed, asymmetric α-arylation of carbonyl compounds, formation of tertiary centers with high enantioselectivity is a longstanding problem, due to easy enolization of the monoarylation products. Herein, we report such examples using a palladium catalyst supported by a new, (R)-H(8)-BINOL-derived monophosphine. Silyl ketene acetals, together with a weakly basic activator, were used as equivalents of ester anions, and they reacted smoothly with aryl triflates in excellent enantiomeric excess (ee). The usefulness of the reaction was demonstrated in a gram-scale synthesis of (S)-Naproxen in 92% ee.
Introducing metallocene into a triazole peptide conjugate reduces its off‐rate and enhances its affinity and antiviral potency for HIV‐1 gp120 (2008)

In this work, we identified a high affinity and potency metallocene-containing triazole peptide conjugate that suppresses the interactions of HIV-1 envelope gp120 at both its CD4 and co-receptor binding sites. The ferrocene-peptide conjugate, HNG-156, was formed by an on-resin copper-catalysed [2+3] cycloaddition reaction. Surface plasmon resonance interaction analysis revealed that, compared to a previously reported phenyl-containing triazole conjugate HNG-105 (105), peptide 156 had a higher direct binding affinity for several subtypes of HIV-1 gp120 due mainly to the decreased dissociation rate of the conjugate-gp120 complex. The ferrocene triazole conjugate bound to gp120 of both clade A (92UG037-08) and clade B (YU-2 and SF162) virus subtypes with nanomolar KD in direct binding and inhibited the binding of gp120 to soluble CD4 and to antibodies that bind to HIV-1YU-2 gp120 at both the CD4 binding site and CD4-induced binding sites. HNG-156 showed a close-to nanomolar IC50 for inhibiting cell infection by HIV-1BaL whole virus. The dual receptor site antagonist activity and potency of HNG-156 make it a promising viral envelope inhibitor lead for developing anti-HIV-1 treatments.
ChemInform Abstract: PHOSPHAADAMANTANES, SYNTHESIS OF 2‐THIA‐1,3,5‐TRIAZA‐7‐PHOSPHAADAMANTANE 2,2‐DIOXIDE AND DERIVATIVES (1975)

Abstract Tris‐hydroxymethyl‐phosphin (II) oder auch das Tetra‐hydroxymethyl‐phosphoniumhydroxid (I) reagieren mit Sulfamid (III) und Urotropin (IV) zum Thia‐triaza‐phospha‐adamantan (VI), das am Phosphor zu (V) methyliert oder zu (VII) oxidiert wird.
Shaping Polyhedral Buildings by the Fusion of Vector Maps and Lidar Point Clouds (2008)

We integrate lidar point clouds and large-scale vector maps to perform building modeling. The proposed scheme comprises three major steps: (a) the preprocessing of lidar point clouds and vector maps, (b) roof analysis, and (c) building reconstruction. During the preprocessing stage, the building polygons are first obtained from the polylines, followed by the selections of lidar points in the building polygons. An irregular triangulated network is then built to represent the facets. The segmentation of planar facets for roof analysis is implemented by examining the patch size and the facet orientation. The interior 3D roof edges are then determined from the intersection of the roof planes. Finally, the building models are reconstructed through regularization. Two sample sites are tested for the purposes of validation. The experimental results indicate that the proposed scheme allows for high fidelity and accuracy, provided that the point cloud density is enough.
The β Subunit of the Type I Fcε Receptor Is a Target for Peptides Inhibiting IgE-Mediated Secretory Response of Mast Cells (2005)

Peptides originally derived from complement component C3a were earlier shown to inhibit the type I FcepsilonR (FcepsilonRI)-mediated degranulation of mucosal type mast cells. In the present study, we show that C3a7, a peptide with a natural sequence, and its modified derivative, C3a9, are powerful inhibitors of the above response of both serosal and mucosal type mastocytes. We demonstrate that these peptides inhibit FcepsilonRI-induced membrane proximal events, suppress phosphorylation of the FcepsilonRI beta subunit, the protein tyrosine kinase Lyn, as well as the transient rise in free cytosolic Ca2+ level. The late phase of cellular response was also inhibited, as demonstrated by the reduced TNF-alpha secretion. Experiments using two independent methods provided evidence that the interaction site of complement-derived peptides is the FcepsilonRI beta-chain. This was further supported by fluorescence confocal microscopic colocalization and resonance energy transfer measurements. Taken together, these results suggest the presence of distinct "activating" and "inhibitory" motifs in the C3a sequence. Response to both is in balance under physiologic conditions. Furthermore, present data predict that such inhibitory peptides may serve as potent agents for future therapeutic intervention.
Laboratory Tests of Multiplex Detection of PCR Amplicons Using the Luminex 100 Flow Analyzer (2000)

Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory (LLNL) demonstrated the power of flow cytometry in detecting the biological agents simulants at JFT III. LLNL pioneered in the development of advanced nucleic acid analyzer (ANM) for portable real time identification. Recent advances in flow cytometry provide a means for multiplexed nucleic acid detection and immunoassay of pathogenic microorganisms. We are presently developing multiplexed immunoassays for the simultaneous detection of different simulants. Our goal is to build an integrated instrument for both nucleic acid analysis and immuno detection. In this study we evaluated the Luminex LX 100 for concurrent identification of more than one PCR amplified product. ANAA has real-time Taqman fluorescent detection capability for rapid identification of field samples. However, its multiplexing ability is limited by the combination of available fluorescent labels. Hence integration of ANAA with flow cytometry can give the rapidity of ANAA amplification and the multiplex capability of flow cytometry. Multiplexed flow cytometric analysis is made possible using a set of fluorescent latex microsphere that are individually identified by their red and infrared fluorescence. A green fluorochrome is used as the assay signal. Methods were developed for the identification of specific nucleic acid sequences from Bacillus globigii (Bg), Bacillus thuringensis (Bt) and Erwinia herbicola (Eh). Detection sensitivity using different reporter fluorochromes was tested with the LX 100, and also different assay formats were evaluated for their suitability for rapid testing. A blind laboratory trial was carried out December 22-27, 1999 to evaluate bead assays for multiplex identification of Bg and Bt PCR products. This report summarizes the assay development, fluorochrome comparisons, and the results of the blind trial conducted at LLNL for the laboratory evaluation of the LX 100 flow analyzer.
Line-scanning Brillouin microscopy for rapid non-invasive mechanical imaging (2016)

Brillouin spectroscopy probes the mechanical properties of material by measuring the optical frequency shift induced by photon-phonon scattering interactions. In traditional configurations, Brillouin spectrometers measure only one point of the sample at a time. This results in long acquisition times for mechanical imaging of large areas. In this work, we demonstrate a parallel detection configuration where the Brillouin shift of hundreds of points in a line can be measured simultaneously. In mm-sized samples, this novel configuration effectively shortens the acquisition time of two-dimensional Brillouin imaging from hours to tens of seconds, thus making it a powerful technology for label-free mechanical characterization of tissue and biomaterials.
Abstract TP250: Defining Technical Quality Standards for Mobile Telestroke Assessment: A Substudy of the Improving Treatment with Rapid Evaluation of Acute Stroke via Mobile Telemedicine (iTREAT) Mobile Telestroke Platform (2016)

Introduction: In-ambulance use of remote videoconferencing for prehospital stroke assessment (mobile telestroke) is an emerging innovation in acute stroke care. As a new technology, there is a dearth of technical standards to ensure transmission quality and guide deployment in various EMS settings. Hypothesis: Subjective video quality ratings during in-vehicle mobile telestroke assessment correlate to objective video data transmission metrics. Methods: We performed videoconferencing via a low-cost, utilitarian mobile telestroke platform: tablet endpoint, high-speed 4G LTE modem, external antennae, HIPAA-secure videoconferencing application, and portable bracket mounting. We held test calls along typical ambulance routes recording transmission quality by a stationary and a mobile rater. We used a standardized 6-point scale of video quality: rating ≥ 4 deemed acceptable for mobile telestroke assessment. We recorded jitter, the variance in transmission data reception order, as simultaneously reported by the videoconferencing application. Results: We completed five test runs yielding 64 data ratings. Average jitter for ratings 1 through 6 was 434.9ms (SD = 407), 106.1ms (SD = 110), 41.4ms (SD = 29), 35.3ms (SD = 15), 29.5ms (SD = 6), and 29.0ms (SD = 2) respectively. Analyzing the raw data yielded an R2 of 0.41. As seen in Chart 1, video quality decreased as average jitter increased, but jitter values as low as 30ms were still seen across video transmission of all qualities. Conclusion: These preliminary data suggest modest correlation of transmission variance with subjective quality ratings using a low-cost mobile telestroke platform along rural-based ambulance routes. However, average transmission variance correlated highly (R2 = 0.93) suggesting more data ratings may improve the correlation. Testing of our mobile telestroke platform to assess performance and clinical efficacy as well as incorporate live acute stroke encounters is ongoing.
Precious metal anodes: the options for cathodic protection (1979)

IMI Marston Ltd. describes the characteristics of platinum-titanium and platinum-niobium anodes for cathodic protection, compares the advantages and disadvantages of coating methods and their attributes relative to cathodic-protection applications, and lists the resistances and current-discharge limits for various electrolytes. Given this basic information, pipeline-system designers can choose the best anode for their particular needs.
MOLECULAR MARKERS FOR APOMIXIS IN Pennisetum (1994)

Apomixis is asexual reproduction through seed. Apomixis in the genus Pennisetum is of the gametophytic (aposporous) type. Genes for apomixis have been transferred from a wild apomictic species (P. squamulatum) to pearl millet (P. glaucum) by conventional breeding to produce an obligately apomictic backcross 3 (BC 3 ) plant (Dujardin and Hanna, 1989, J. Genet. Breed. 43:145). Molecular markers based on restriction fragment length polymorphisms and random amplified polymorphic DNAs were identified in BC 3 that were shared only with the apomictic parent. Segregation of these informative markers in a BC 4 population indicated that three linkage groups from P. squamulatum were present in BC 3 and that minimal recombination between these alien chromosomes and those of the recurrent parent occurred. Transmission of only one of the linkage groups was required for transfer of apomixis. Recombination is essential for genetic mapping, thus we are beginning to map the informative molecular markers in an F, interspecific cross between pearl millet and P. squamulatum, a population that segregates for apomictic and sexual reproduction.
Cross-flow electrofilter and method. [US DOE patent application] (1978)

The present invention relates to filtering devices that can be employed in clarifying nonaqueous carbonaceous liquids containing fine particles within slurries. It is particularly well adapted for use in clarifying carbonaceous liquid fuels such as those produced in the liquefaction of coal and other solid carbonaceous material. It is an object to provide a filter to remove solid particles suspended within the product of coal liquefaction processes with minimal plugging of the filter openings. It is a further object to provide a method of clarifying carbonaceous liquids containing finely dispersed solids through use of both electrophoretic and cross-flow filtration principles. It is a furter object to provide a method of clarifying liquid produced in the liquefaction of coal in which the electrophoretic mobility of particles and the relative permittivity of the liquid are controlled. In accordance with the present invention, an electrofilter apparatus is provided having an elongated housing with two passageways separated by a lengthwise porous filter medium. The first passageway includes an inlet for the flow of carbonaceous liquid containing solid particles and an outlet for a concentrate of the solid particles in a residual portion of the liquid. A second passageway receives and discharges clarified carbonaceous liquidmore » through the porous filter medium. (LTN)« less
A noise-aware click model for web search (2012)

Recent advances in click model have established it as an attractive approach to infer document relevance. Most of these advances consider the user click/skip behavior as binary events but neglect the context in which a click happens. We show that real click behavior in industrial search engines is often noisy and not always a good indication of relevance. For a considerable percentage of clicks, users select what turn out to be irrelevant documents and these clicks should not be directly used as evidence for relevance inference. Thus in this paper, we put forward an observation that the relevance indication degree of a click is not a constant, but can be differentiated by user preferences and the context in which the user makes her click decision. In particular, to interpret the click behavior discriminatingly, we propose a Noise-aware Click Model (NCM) by characterizing the noise degree of a click, which indicates the quality of the click for inferring relevance. Specifically, the lower the click noise is, the more important the click is in its role for relevance inference. To verify the necessity of explicitly accounting for the uninformative noise in a user click, we conducted experiments on a billion-scale dataset. Extensive experimental results demonstrate that as compared with two state-of-the-art click models in Web Search, NCM can better interpret user click behavior and achieve significant improvements in terms of both perplexity and NDCG.