gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Utterance Verification based on the Likelihood Distance to Alternative Paths (2002)

Utterance verification tries to reject incorrectly recognised utterances. For this purpose the probability of an error is often estimated by single confidence measure (CM). However, errors can have several different origins, and we argue that notion must be reflected in the design of the utterance verifier. In order to detect both in-vocabulary substitutions and out-of-vocabulary word errors, we compute CMs based on the log-likelihood distance to (1) the second best recognition result and to (2) the most likely free phone string.
Cloning and sequence analysis of the structural pilin gene of Brazilian purpuric fever-associated Haemophilus influenzae biogroup aegyptius (1993)

We have cloned and sequenced the Brazilian purpuric fever (BPF)-associated Haemophilus influenzae biogroup aegyptius (Hae) pilin gene. The sequence contained a 648-bp open reading frame encoding a mature pilin protein of 191 amino acids with a calculated mass of 20.5 kDa. There was 82% homology between the open reading frames of the BPF strain F3031 and H. influenzae type b (Hib) (strain M43) pilin genes and 71% homology at the amino acid level between the mature pilin proteins. However, areas of diversity were noted throughout the gene. A 17-bp probe corresponding to an area of diversity in the N-terminal region of the BPF-associated gene hybridized with other BPF strains but not with non-BPF Hae or Hib. In summary, the pilin protein of BPF-associated Hae is highly homologous to Hib pilin yet remains structurally distinct.
Economic Considerations in Surfactant-Enhanced Pump-and-Treat Remediation (1995)

Surfactants can aid pump-and-treat remediation of DNAPL chemicals but, under the conditions examined in this paper, surfactant re-use is necessary to be economical. The most cost effective above ground processes for surfactant regeneration are probably vacuum steam stripping or air stripping/incineration with surfactant recovery from the bleed stream using a combination of ultrafiltration and foam fractionation. The major cost is that of surfactant required to fill the treated zone. If the region of residual saturation is small and well defined, then surfactants may be more economical than pump-and-treat alone.
The study of recent technologies used in E-passport system (2014)

In last few years' terrorist and illegal attacks across many country borders has increased which led to security and strict passport verification process. This turned down legitimate travelers. Many countries are in process of implementing electronic passports to travelers for travelling, automating passport verification process and increasing border security. The e-passport deploys two popular technologies: Radio frequency Identification (RFID) and Biometrics. Personal credentials and bearers biometric data is stored on RFID chip which is used in verification process by border security officers. The next generation of e-passports will implement more advanced cryptographic mechanisms, collectively known as Extended Access Control, and in particular a protocol referred to as Chip Authentication that protects an e-passport against cloning and transferability attacks. The Extended Access Control suite of protocols has found minor attention in the literature until now. The paper analyses the study of various technologies used in Epassport design. A cryptographic security analysis of the epassport using face fingerprint, palm print and iris biometric that are intended to provide improved security in protecting biometric information of the e-passport bearer. Together, RFID and biometric technologies promise to reduce fraud, ease identity checks, and enhance security. At the same time, these technologies raise new risks. We explore the privacy and security implications of this worldwide implementing next-generation authentication technology: e-passport. We describe privacy and security issues that apply to e-passports, and then analyze these issues in the context of the International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO) standard for e-passports.
The Iron-Selective Chelator Desferal Can Reduce Chelated Copper (1996)

It was shown that the iron-selective chelator desferal (desferrioxamine mesylate:DFO) can reduce Cu(II) as judged by measuring the formation of the complex between Cu(I) and a specific chelator for this species, neocuproine (NC), in phosphate buffer. It was found that under optimal conditions, 3 moles of Cu(II) could be reduced per mole of DFO. Studies of the kinetics of Cu(II) reduction by DFO revealed that the rate of Cu(II) reduction by DFO was considerably slower than that by ascorbate. In the case of both reductants, even in the absence of NC, Cu(I) complexes remained in aqueous solutions for at least 30 min. DFO could also reduce Cu complexed to histidine. The results presented highlight the interpretive dangers which can arise in studies involving multiple transition metals, especially in the presence of multiple chelators. Specifically, when desferal is used, it is important to be aware that any copper present may become reduced, and that any Cu(I) formed might participate in ongoing redox reactions.
Intranasal delivery of nerve growth factor to protect the central nervous system against acute cerebral infarction. (2004)

To confirmed reliability and feasibility of intranasal nerve growth factor (NGF) bypassing the blood-brain barrier and its potential neuroprotective effects on acute cerebral ischemia.(1) To assay NGF concentrations in different brain regions after middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO). Rats were randomly divided into intranasal (i.n.) NGF, intravenous (i.v.) NGF, and untreated group (n = 4). The concentrations of NGF of different brain regions in the three groups after MCAO were measured by ELISA. (2) To observe neuroprotective action of NGF on focal cerebral ischemic damage. Rats were randomly assigned to 4 groups: i.n. vehicle, i.n. NGF, i.v. vehicle, i.v. NGF (n = 8). Treatment was initiated 30 minutes after onset of MCAO and given again 24 hours later. Three neurologic behavioral tests were performed 24 and 48 hours following onset of MCAO. Corrected infarct volumes were determined 48 hours after onset of MCAO.The olfactory bulb in i.n. NGF group obtained the highest concentration (3252 pg/g) of NGF among all regions, followed by the hippocampus. The NGF concentrations in the olfactory bulb and hippocampus in i.n. NGF group were markedly higher than that in i.v. NGF and control groups. The infarct volume in i.n. NGF group was markedly reduced by 38.8% compared with i.n. vehicle group. I.n. NGF group vestibulum function markedly improved compared with i.n. vehicle group at 24 and 48 hours after onset of MCAO (P24h = 0.02 and P48h = 0.04, respectively).Intranasal NGF could pass through the blood-brain barrier, reach the central nervous system, reduce infarct volume, and improve neurologic function in rats following MCAO. Intranasal delivery of NGF may be a promising treatment for stroke.
An XPS study of the adherence of refractory carbide silicide and boride rf-sputtered wear-resistant coatings (1978)

Radio frequency sputtering was used to deposit refractory carbide, silicide, and boride coatings on 440-C steel substrates. Both sputter etched and pre-oxidized substrates were used and the films were deposited with and without a substrate bias. The composition of the coatings was determined as a function of depth by x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy combined with argon ion etching. Friction and wear tests were conducted to evaluate coating adherence. In the interfacial region there was evidence that bias may produce a graded interface for some compounds. Biasing, while generally improving bulk film stoichiometry, can adversely affect adherence by removing interfacial oxide layers. in all cases but the iron oxide coverage was only complete on the preoxidized substrates. The film and iron oxides were mixed in the MoSi2 and Mo2C films but layered in the Mo2B5 films. In the case of mixed oxides, pre-oxidation enhanced film adherence. In the layered case it did not.
Stopping Murder by Medicine: Introducing the Model Law on Medicine Crime (2015)

The iatrogenic pandemic of untreated illness related to falsified and substandard medicines is intolerable, but has a logical explanation: in many countries, inadequate laws make it barely illegal to manufacture or distribute poor-quality medicines. The law hardly punishes those who intentionally or recklessly deal in falsified or substandard medicine, when clearly it should criminalize these perpetrators in proportion to the grievous--even fatal--injury they inflict on public health. To solve this omission, this article presents a new Model Law on Medicine Crime, which countries may freely use as a template for strengthening their national laws. The Model Law includes criminal prohibitions against manufacturing, trafficking, or selling poor-quality medicines; principles for appropriately punishing offenders; special provisions for Internet-based medicine crimes; tools for encouraging whistle-blowers to cooperate with law enforcement; incentives for developing governments to strengthen their drug regulatory capacity; and important exceptions to prevent the law being abused, such as to prevent the prosecution of legitimate medical researchers or to prevent good-quality generic medicines being seized while in transit. The Model Law is discussed and explained and is offered free of charge under a Creative Commons license to any governments wanting to implement it.
A near-infrared dye for multichannel imaging (2008)

A large Stokes shift dye, composed of water-solubility and near-infrared feature, was developed for multichannel imaging applications.
Windows Presentation Foundation Unleashed (2006)

PART I Background 1 Why Windows Presentation Foundation? 2 XAML Demystified 3 Important New Concepts in WPF PART II Building a WPF Application 4 Introducing WPF's Controls 5 Sizing, Positioning, and Transforming Elements 6 Layout with Panels 7 Structuring and Deploying an Application PART III Features for Professional Developers 8 Resources 9 Data Binding 10 Styles, Templates, Skins, and Themes PART IV Going Beyond Today's Applications with Rich Media 11 2D Graphics 12 3D Graphics 13 Animation 14 Audio, Video, Speech, and Documents PART V Advanced Topics 15 Interoperability with Win32, Windows Forms, and ActiveX 16 User Controls and Custom Controls 17 Layout with Custom Panels PART VI Appendix: Helpful Tools Index
Non-Coronary Cardiac Findings and Pitfalls in Coronary Computed Tomography Angiography (2011)

Non-coronary incidental findings are not rare. Kirsch et al found 67% non-coronary abnormalities with coronary computed tomography angiography (CCTA). Radiologists are expected to identify the extracoronary, intra- and para-cardiac anatomical structures and distinguish them from pathologic processes in CCTA. We have reviewed 2000 CCTA studies done at our institution with 64-MDCT. This pictorial essay presents case studies of non-atherosclerotic cardiovascular findings to recognize cardiac anatomic structures and how to distinguish them from pathologic processes. Correct interpretation of benign, clinically insignificant findings is crucial to avoid unnecessary additional imaging tests.
Real-time Object Detection Based on RGB-D Image (2019)

Object detection for environment perception is one of the most critical steps for autonomous driving and driving assistant systems. Currently, considering the size of detection model, there is still a need for further improvement to satisfy the requirement of real-time, high-accuracy in object detection approaches for embedded on-board devices. In this paper, we proposed a novel method that taking advantage of fully convolutional neural network and RGB-D image to enhance the speed of detection and simplify the model by reducing its size. Specifically, we utilized a simulator to obtain a lot of binocular and supplementary RGB-D images for training. The proposed method was evaluated on the KITTI dataset and can achieve an accuracy of 90% for easy task. Moreover, the simulation results demonstrated the efficiency of detection get a speed up to 180 FPS when running on the GPU.
Systems, interactions, and macrotheory (2000)

A significant proportion of early HCI research was guided by one very clear vision: that the existing theory base in psychology and cognitive science could be developed to yield engineering tools for use in the interdisciplinary context of HCI design. While interface technologies and heuristic methods for behavioral evaluation have rapidly advanced in both capability and breadth of application, progress toward deeper theory has been modest, and some now believe it to be unnecessary. A case is presented for developing new forms of theory, based around generic “systems of interactors.” An overlapping, layered structure of macro- and microtheories could then serve an explanatory role, and could also bind together contributions from the different disciplines. Novel routes to formalizing and applying such theories provide a host of interesting and tractable problems for future basic research in HCI.
Design and Implementation of an Extensible and Modifiable Refactoring Tool (2005)

Refactoring is an essential and useful practice in developing and maintaining object-oriented software since it improves the design of existing code without changing its external behavior. Therefore, several refactoring tools tend to be integrated into contemporary IDEs. However, these tools represent source code as an abstract syntax tree (AST) and thus their implementations are hard to extend and modify. This paper presents Jrbx, a refactoring tool that uses a fine-grained XML representation of source code and supports stylized manipulations of the representation. Moreover, Jrbx aggressively exploits control flow graphs (CFGs) and program dependence graphs (PDGs) for both precondition checking and change creation. The use of the XML, CFG, and PDG representations makes the implementation of Jrbx more understandable and reusable, and thus facilitates tool developers creating new refactorings and modifying existing ones.
Automotive signal diagnostics using wavelets and machine learning (2000)

In this paper, we describe an intelligent signal analysis system employing the wavelet transformation in the solution of vehicle engine diagnosis problems. Vehicle engine diagnosis often involves multiple signal analysis. The developed system first partitions a leading signal into small segments representing physical events or states based on wavelet multi-resolution analysis. Second, by applying the segmentation result of the leading signal to the other signals, the detailed properties of each segment, including inter-signal relationships, are extracted to form a feature vector. Finally, a fuzzy intelligent system is used to learn diagnostic features from a training set containing feature vectors extracted from signal segments at various vehicle states. The fuzzy system applies its diagnostic knowledge to classify signals as abnormal or normal. The implementation of the system is described and experiment results are presented.
USP17- and SCF<sup>βTrCP</sup>-Regulated Degradation of DEC1 Controls the DNA Damage Response (2014)

In response to genotoxic stress, DNA damage checkpoints maintain the integrity of the genome by delaying cell cycle progression to allow for DNA repair. Here we show that the degradation of the basic helix-loop-helix (bHLH) transcription factor DEC1, a critical regulator of cell fate and circadian rhythms, controls the DNA damage response. During unperturbed cell cycles, DEC1 is a highly unstable protein that is targeted for proteasome-dependent degradation by the SCF(βTrCP) ubiquitin ligase in cooperation with CK1. Upon DNA damage, DEC1 is rapidly induced in an ATM/ATR-dependent manner. DEC1 induction results from protein stabilization via a mechanism that requires the USP17 ubiquitin protease. USP17 binds and deubiquitylates DEC1, markedly extending its half-life. Subsequently, during checkpoint recovery, DEC1 proteolysis is reestablished through βTrCP-dependent ubiquitylation. Expression of a degradation-resistant DEC1 mutant prevents checkpoint recovery by inhibiting the downregulation of p53. These results indicate that the regulated degradation of DEC1 is a key factor controlling the DNA damage response.
Large-scale Protein-Protein Interaction prediction using novel kernel methods (2008)

Knowledge of Protein-Protein Interactions (PPIs) can give us new insights into molecular mechanisms and properties of the cell. In this paper, we propose a novel domain-based kernel method to predict PPIs. A new kernel that measures the similarity between protein pairs based on a new feature representation is developed and applied to a large scale PPI database. Experimental results demonstrate its effectiveness. Furthermore, we evaluate the problem of cross-species PPI prediction and the effect of the number of negative samples on the performance of PPI predictions, which are two fundamental problems in most in silico PPI methods.
On the motion of bubbles in capillary tubes (1986)

The average thickness of the wetting film left behind during the slow passage of an air bubble in a water-filled capillary tube of circular cross-section has been determined experimentally as a function of bubble speed and bubble length. For bubbles of length many times the tube radius, the ratio of film thickness to tube radius is found to be a function of the capillary number only, in agreement with previous experimental studies. As has been found previously, the asymptotic result of Bretherton (1961) significantly underpredicts the film thickness, the discrepancy being greatest at the lowest speeds. For bubbles of length less than about 20 tube radii, on the other hand, good agreement with the Bretherton theory is obtained over two orders of magnitude in bubble speed. The theoretical profile of long bubbles is shown to be unstable; however the explanation of the observed behaviour is, as yet, incomplete.
A within-burst adaptive MLSE receiver for mobile TDMA cellular systems (1992)

A simplified structure concerning the implementation of an adaptive digital receiver suitable for the pan-European cellular system Group Special Mobile (GSM) is described. In the GSM system, the performance of the received information is strongly affected by the multipath typical of the mobile communications channel. The proposed maximum-likelihood sequence estimation (MLSE) receiver based on the Viterbi algorithm compensates for selective distortion due to the multipath propagation and Doppler shift also in the case of fast channel variations using an adaptive tracking mode method.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Demonstration of a heterostructure field-effect laser for optoelectronic integration (1991)

A new laser structure suitable for optoelectronic integration is reported. It utilizes field effect at a heterointerface within the same structure used to build field-effect transistors. A threshold current density of 560 A/cm2 and a differential quantum efficiency of 56% were achieved.
Metformin and Insulin: Is There a Role for Combination Therapy? (1997)

When metformin is added to insulin therapy, insulin requirements are likely to decrease. Although one would anticipate benefits from reduction in circulating insulin concentrations, the studies do not provide data to determine if benefits of combination therapy outweigh risks. Further studies of larger size and longer duration are needed before the use of metformin with insulin can be routinely recommended in patients with type 1 diabetes.
Deep-dose: a voxel dose estimation method using deep convolutional neural network for personalized internal dosimetry (2019)

Personalized dosimetry with high accuracy is crucial owing to the growing interests in personalized medicine. The direct Monte Carlo simulation is considered as a state-of-art voxel-based dosimetry technique; however, it incurs an excessive computational cost and time. To overcome the limitations of the direct Monte Carlo approach, we propose using a deep convolutional neural network (CNN) for the voxel dose prediction. PET and CT image patches were used as inputs for the CNN with the given ground truth from direct Monte Carlo. The predicted voxel dose rate maps from the CNN were compared with the ground truth and dose rate maps generated voxel S-value (VSV) kernel convolution method, which is one of the common voxel-based dosimetry techniques. The CNN-based dose rate map agreed well with the ground truth with voxel dose rate errors of 2.54% ± 2.09%. The VSV kernel approach showed a voxel error of 9.97% ± 1.79%. In the whole-body dosimetry study, the average organ absorbed dose errors were 1.07%, 9.43%, and 34.22% for the CNN, VSV, and OLINDA/EXM dosimetry software, respectively. The proposed CNN-based dosimetry method showed improvements compared to the conventional dosimetry approaches and showed results comparable with that of the direct Monte Carlo simulation with significantly lower calculation time.
Effect of two wood surfacing methods on the gluing properties of sugar maple and white spruce (1994)

White spruce and sugar maple boards were planed by the peripheral conventional technique or the fixed-knife pressure-bar method. The resulting surfaces were glued with a phenol-resorcinol-formaldehyde adhesive and tested to evaluate their gluing performance (shear strength and percent wood failure). Results indicate that the gluing shear strength of sugar maple is significanthy higher when the surface is machined by fixed-knife pressure-bar planing. This increase, of about 10 percent, appeared only after a wetting-drying conditioning cycle. White spruce surfaces planed by both methods did not show a difference of gluing performance
A Modified Poisson−Boltzmann Model Including Charge Regulation for the Adsorption of Ionizable Polyelectrolytes to Charged Interfaces, Applied to Lysozyme Adsorption on Silica (2005)

The equilibrium adsorption of polyelectrolytes with multiple types of ionizable groups is described using a modified Poisson-Boltzmann equation including charge regulation of both the polymer and the interface. A one-dimensional mean-field model is used in which the electrostatic potential is assumed constant in the lateral direction parallel to the surface. The electrostatic potential and ionization degrees of the different ionizable groups are calculated as function of the distance from the surface after which the electric and chemical contributions to the free energy are obtained. The various interactions between small ions, surface and polyelectrolyte are self-consistently considered in the model, such as the increase in charge of polyelectrolyte and surface upon adsorption as well as the displacement of small ions and the decrease of permittivity. These interactions may lead to complex dependencies of the adsorbed amount of polyelectrolyte on pH, ionic strength, and properties of the polymer (volume, permittivity, number, and type of ionizable groups) and of the surface (number of ionizable groups, pK, Stern capacity). For the adsorption of lysozyme on silica, the model qualitatively describes the gradual increase of adsorbed amount with pH up to a maximum value at pHc, which is below the iso-electric point, as well as the sharp decrease of adsorbed amount beyond pHc. With increasing ionic strength the adsorbed amount decreases (for pH > pHc), and pHc shifts to lower values.
Nanoparticles Mimicking Viral Surface Topography for Enhanced Cellular Delivery (2013)

Novel silica nanoparticles mimicking virus surface topography are prepared. It is demonstrated that increases in nanoscale surface roughness promote both binding of biomolecules and cellular uptake; thus, the cellular delivery efficiency is significantly increased (scale bars 20 μm).