gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Characterization of Anthrolysin O, the<i>Bacillus anthracis</i>Cholesterol-Dependent Cytolysin (2003)

We characterized the expression of a putative toxin of Bacillus anthracis, a member of the cholesterol-dependent cytolysin (CDC) family, which includes listeriolysin O, perfringolysin O, and streptolysin O. We named this cytotoxin anthrolysin O (ALO). Although B. anthracis expresses minimal hemolytic activity in clinical settings, we show that Sterne strain 7702 expresses hemolytic activity when grown in brain heart infusion broth or in other rich bacteriologic media, but it secretes barely detectable amounts of hemolysin when grown in Luria-Bertani (LB) broth. Glucose supplementation of LB broth increases the amount of secreted hemolytic activity. Expression of hemolytic activity is maximal during mid- to late-log phase and decreases in the stationary phase. These observations are supported, in part, by semiquantitative reverse transcriptase PCR of alo mRNA. Hemolytic activity in growth supernatants was increased in the presence of reducing agent and almost totally inhibited in a dose-dependent manner by cholesterol; both of these activities are characteristic of a CDC toxin. A mutant of Sterne strain 7702, strain UT231, in which the alo gene was deleted and replaced by a kanamycin cassette, secreted barely detectable hemolytic activity into the growth medium. When strain UT231 was complemented in trans with native alo on a low-copy-number plasmid [strain UT231(pUTE554)], it regained the ability to secrete hemolytic activity, indicating that ALO is the major hemolysin secreted by this strain of B. anthracis in rich media in vitro. To further support the alo gene product being a hemolysin, recombinant B. anthracis ALO (rALO) purified from Escherichia coli was extremely active against washed human erythrocytes, with complete hemolysis detected at approximately 30 molecules of rALO per erythrocyte. Considering the virulence roles of CDCs for other gram-positive bacteria, we speculate that ALO may have a role in anthrax virulence.
Enhancing Hybrid Self-attention Structure with Relative-position-aware Bias for Speech Synthesis (2019)

Compared with the conventional "front-end"-"back-end"- "vocoder" structure, based on the attention mechanism, end-to-end speech synthesis systems directly train and synthesize from text sequence to the acoustic feature sequence as a whole. Recently, a more calculation efficient end-to-end architecture named transformer, which is solely based on self-attention, was proposed to model global dependencies between the input and output sequences. However, although with many advantages, transformer lacks position information in its structure. Moreover, the weighted sum form in self-attention may disperse the attention to the whole input sequence other than focusing on the more important neighbouring positions. In order to solve the above problems, this paper introduces a hybrid self-attention structure which combines self-attention with the recurrent neural networks (RNNs). We further enhance the proposed structure with relative-position-aware biases. Mean opinion score (MOS) test results indicate that by enhancing hybrid self-attention structure with relative-position-aware biases, the proposed system achieves the best performance with only 0.11 MOS score lower than natural recording.
OUP accepted manuscript (2018)

The extraction and analysis of free fatty acids (FFAs) in the whole natural plants are reported. The aminopropyl-functionalized SBA-15 was designed to increase the efficiency of the matrix solid-phase dispersion (MSPD) extraction method. MSPD extraction was performed using to extract FFAs via acid-base interactions. The optimum parameters for the MSPD extraction were N-SBA-15 30 mg, grinding time 120 s and elution solvent methanol-HCl (6:4, v/v). After extraction, the FFAs were analyzed by HPLC with fluorescent labeling. The reaction of the labeling agent, 2-(9-oxoacridin-10(9 H)-yl) acetohydrazide, with FFAs proceeded easily and quickly (within 20 min) in the presence of 1-ethyl-3-(3-dimethylaminopropyl) carbodiimide hydrochloride as the condensing agent. The derivatives had excellent fluorescence properties with excitation and emission wavelengths of 260 and 430 nm, respectively. Good linear correlations were observed for all FFAs, with correlation coefficients >0.996. When 20 mg of sample were used for the analysis, the detection limits at a signal-to-noise ratio of 3 were in the range 0.21-1.20 μg g-1. The FFAs in the roots, stems, leaves and peel of Trichosanthes kirilowii Maxim were determined using the developed method.
Effect of Oil on the Surfactant Molecular Curvatures in Liquid Crystals (1998)

The effect of added decane, m-xylene, or squalane on the phase behavior of the polyoxyethylene dodecyl ether (C12EOn) −water system was investigated as a function of polyoxyethylene (EO) chain length at 25 °C. When the surfactant is relatively lipophilic (more lipophilic than the balanced state), the type of liquid crystal is changed to the more lipophilic one upon addition of decane. The lamellar (Lα) to lipophilic reverse hexagonal (H2) transition takes place in the C12EO3 system. On the other hand, the hexagonal (H1) to hydrophilic discrete cubic (I1) liquid crystal transition occurs in the hydrophilic C12EO7 system. There are two kinds of effects of oil on the self-organizing structures. One is the “penetration effect”, in which oil molecules penetrate into the surfactant palisade layer and expand the effective cross-sectional area, aS. The other is “swelling effect”, in which oil molecules are solubilized in the core of aggregates and expand the volume of aggregates. In this case, the aS is almost constant. Due to the swelling effect, the H1−I1 phase transition takes place in the decane−C12EO7 system, whereas the Lα−H2 transition occurs in the decane−lipophilic C12EO3 system due to the penetration effect. This causes the opposite tendency of the change in the curvature of the surfactant layers in liquid crystals on each side of the balanced state. As a result, the phase behavior of surfactant is quickly changed from forming micelles to reverse micelles within a narrow range of the EO chain in the presence of oil. On the other hand, m-xylene tends to penetrate the surfactant palisade layer, and the H1−Lα transition occurs even in the hydrophilic C12EO7 system.
Hierarchical Ensemble Kalman Filter (2010)

Summary This paper presents the hierarchical ensemble Kalman filter (HEnKF) as a robust extension of the ensemble Kalman filter (EnKF). The HEnKF is developed to be robust against features like estimation uncertainty and rank deficiency related to covariance estimation in EnKF. The HEnKF imposes a hierarchical model on the state variables and uses prior distributions from the Gauss conjugate family of distributions to obtain more-robust estimates. An empirical study demonstrates that the HEnKF provides more-reliable results than the traditional EnKF approach. Better predictions and more-realistic prediction intervals are provided. The latter is caused by model-parameter uncertainty being an integral part of the HEnKF approach, while this effect is ignored in traditional EnKF. The two versions of the ensemble Kalman filter are also compared on a synthetic-reservoir study. The HEnKF appears as significantly better.
Balanced steady state free precession fMRI (2010)

Abstract Balanced‐steady‐state free precession (b‐SSFP) functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) encompasses several recently developed methods that utilize b‐SSFP acquisition for fMRI. Short repetition time ( T R ) and readout durations of b‐SSFP allow distortion‐free acquisition, 3D imaging, and high‐resolution isotropic voxel acquisition. b‐SSFP fMRI can be categorized into two different classes depending on which contrast mechanism it exploits. Transition‐band b‐SSFP fMRI is a technique that utilizes the sharp transition of the b‐SSFP profile relying on the fact that oxygenated and deoxegenated hemoglobin has different resonance frequencies. On the other hand, passband b‐SSFP fMRI utilizes b‐SSFP in the relatively large flat portion of the b‐SSFP off‐resonance spectrum where oxygenation contrast is expected to be generated from the rapid refocusing in the presence of off‐resonance due to oxy‐ and deoxy‐hemoglobin. While both methods share the advantage of b‐SSFP acquisition such as distortion‐free, 3D high‐resolution functional imaging, the main distinction of the two methods come from the contrast mechanism and spatial coverage. In this article, the two classes of b‐SSFP‐based functional brain imaging methods' characteristics will be compared and discussed. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Imaging Syst Technol, 20, 23–30, 2010
Personality Measurement and Assessment in Large Panel Surveys (2011)

Personality tests are being added to large panel studies with increasing regularity, such as the Health and Retirement Study (HRS). To facilitate the inclusion and interpretation of these tests, we provide some general background on personality psychology, personality assessment, and the validity of personality tests. In this review, we provide background on definitions of personality, the strengths and weaknesses of the self-report approaches to personality testing typically used in large panel studies, and the validity of personality tests for three outcomes: genetics, income, and health. We conclude with recommendations on how to improve personality assessment in future panel studies.
Calculation of Absolute Ligand Binding Free Energy to a Ribosome-Targeting Protein as a Function of Solvent Model (2008)

A comparative analysis is provided of the effect of different solvent models on the calculation of a potential of mean force (PMF) for determining the absolute binding affinity of the small molecule inhibitor pteroic acid bound to ricin toxin A-chain (RTA). Solvent models include the distance-dependent dielectric constant, several different generalized Born (GB) approximations, and a hybrid explicit/GB-based implicit solvent model. We found that the simpler approximation of dielectric screening and a GB model, with Born radii fitted to a switching-window dielectric-boundary surface Poisson solvent model, severely overpredicted the binding affinity as compared to the experimental value, estimated to range from -4.4 to -6.0 kcal/mol. In contrast, GB models that are parametrized to fit the Lee-Richards molecular surface performed much better, predicting binding free energy within 1-3 kcal/mol of experimental estimates. However, the predicted free-energy profiles of these GB models displayed alternative binding modes not observed in the crystal structure. Finally, the most rigorous and computationally costly approach in this work, which used a hybrid explicit/implicit solvent model, correctly determined a binding funnel in the PMF near the crystallographic bound state and predicted an absolute binding affinity that was 2 kcal/mol more favorable than the estimated experimental binding affinity.
Linee guida ESC 2015 per il trattamento dei pazienti con aritmie ventricolari e la prevenzione della morte cardiaca improvvisa. Task Force per il Trattamento dei Pazienti con Aritmie Ventricolari e la Prevenzione della Morte Cardiaca Improvvisa della Società Europea di Cardiologia (ESC) (2016)

che non presentano aritmie ventricolari . . .132 5.1.3.4Complessi ventricolari prematuri . . . . . . . .
Establishment and management of tissue biobank of osteoarthritis (2012)

Objective
To establish tissue biobank of osteoarthritis in Beijing Jishuitan Hospital to promote orthopedic research study in China.


Methods
Fresh tissue or blood samples were collected from patients who underwent surgical operation for osteoarthritis since July 2007.Clinical information of the patients was also collected.Microsoft Access database system was used for the management of information.


Results
From July 2007 to November 2011, a total of 2605 medical records and 15 188 tissue or blood samples were collected.Among them, 165 tissue samples and 2005 blood samples were provided for molecular biology or epidemiological research.


Conclusion
Human tissue biobank is important for research work.Present osteoarthritis tissue collection and storage is feasible and could supply quality samples for study.


Key words: 
Osteoarthritis; Humam tissue biobank; Management system
Cardiac troponin T mutations: correlation between the type of mutation and the nature of myofilament dysfunction in transgenic mice (2001)

1. The heterogenic nature of familial hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (FHC) in humans suggests a link between the type of mutation and the nature of patho-physiological alterations in cardiac myocytes. Exactly how FHC-associated mutations in cardiac troponin T (cTnT) lead to impaired cardiac function is unclear. 2. We measured steady-state isometric force and ATPase activity in detergent-skinned cardiac fibre bundles from three transgenic (TG) mouse hearts in which 50, 92 and 6 % of the native cTnT was replaced by the wild type (WT) cTnT, R92Q mutant cTnT (R92Q) and the C-terminal deletion mutant of cTnT (cTnT(DEL)), respectively. 3. Normalized pCa-tension relationships of R92Q and cTnT(DEL) fibres demonstrated a significant increase in sensitivity to Ca2+ at short (2.0 microm) and long (2.3 microm) sarcomere lengths (SL). At short SL, the pCa50 values, representing the midpoint of the pCa-tension relationship, were 5.69 +/- 0.01, 5.96 +/- 0.01 and 5.81 +/- 0.01 for WT, R92Q and cTnT(DEL) fibres, respectively. At long SL, the pCa50 values were 5.81 +/- 0.01, 6.08 +/- 0.01 and 5.95 +/- 0.01 for WT, R92Q and cTnT(DEL) fibres, respectively. 4. The difference in pCa required for half-maximal activation (DeltapCa50) at short and long SL was 0.12 +/- 0.01 for the R92Q (92 %) TG fibres, which is significantly less than the previously reported DeltapCa50 value of 0.29 +/- 0.02 for R92Q (67 %) TG fibres. 5. At short SL, Ca2+-activated maximal tension in both R92Q and cTnT(DEL) fibres decreased significantly (24 and 21 %, respectively; P < 0.005), with no corresponding decrease in Ca2+-activated maximal ATPase activity. Therefore, at short SL, the tension cost in R92Q and cTnT(DEL) fibres increased by 35 and 29 %, respectively (P < 0.001). 6. The fibre bundles reconstituted with the recombinant mutant cTnT(DEL) protein developed only 37 % of the Ca2+-activated maximal force developed by recombinant WT cTnT reconstituted fibre bundles, with no apparent changes in Ca2+ sensitivity. 7. Our data indicate that an important mutation-linked effect on cardiac function is the result of an inefficient use of ATP at the myofilament level. Furthermore, the extent of the mutation-induced dysfunction depends not only on the nature of the mutation, but also on the concentration of the mutant protein in the sarcomere.
Mesenchymal Stem Cells Treatment for Erectile Dysfunction in Diabetic Rats (2019)

It has been proved that MSCT is an effective and safe treatment for the DMED rats. What's more, MSCT might be a potential and promising approach for patients with DMED as a minimally invasive treatment. Combination of MSCT with various methods was proved to be a more efficient treatment and dependable option to make up for deficiencies of MSCT. Kim SW, Zhu GQ, Bae WJ. Mesenchymal Stem Cells Treatment for Erectile Dysfunction in Diabetic Rats. Sex Med Rev 2020;8:114-121.
Cochlear Implant Benefits in Deafness Rehabilitation: PET Study of Temporal Voice Activations (2007)

These results suggest that PET is an adequate method to explore cochlear implant benefits and that this benefit could be linked to the activation of the TVA.
Orientation selected epitaxy for grain enlargement of AIC poly-Si seed layers (2010)

A novel method for producing a highly-(100) orientated, large grain of poly-Si seed layer on glass by multi-round aluminum-induced crystallization (AIC) is developed. A flat 200nm poly-Si layer was first fabricated by regular AIC process to be a based layer. The second round AIC process was carried out immediately on the based layer to epitaxially grow up to a 400nm poly-Si layer by solid phase epitaxy (SPE) mechanism. The structure of enlarged epitaxial grain was examined by transmission electron microscopy (TEM), the orientation map as well as histogram of grain size from large area were performed by electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD), and the crystallinity of multi-round AIC was verified by Raman spectrometry. The lateral growth and grain suppression can be clearly observed in cross-sectional TEM analysis. The average grain size can be determined from analysis of histogram. The speed of epitaxial growth is strongly influenced by the orientation of the growth plane. We utilize this characteristic to promote the {100} proportion and reduce others to achieve a highly oriented seed-layer for followed thickening step. The population of {100} crystallographic plane is obtained statistically from orientation map and a pole figure analysis. The mechanism of the multi-round AIC will be discussed in detail in the conference.
Transport Property Requirements for Flow Battery Separators (2015)

Flow batteries are a promising technology for storing and discharging megawatt hours of electrical energy on the time scale of hours. The separator between the positive and negative electrodes strongly affects technical and economic performance. However, requirements for separators have not been reported in a general manner that enables quantitative evaluation of new systems such as nonaqueous flow batteries. This gap is addressed by deriving specifications for transport properties that are chemistry agnostic and align with aggressive capital cost targets. Three key transport characteristics are identified: area-specific resistance R<sub>Ω</sub>, crossover current density i<sub>x</sub>, and the coupling between crossover and capacity loss Ψ. Suggested maximum area-specific resistances are 0.29 and 2.3 Ω·cm<sup>2</sup> for aqueous and nonaqueous batteries, respectively. Allowable crossover rates are derived by considering the possible fates of active molecules that cross the separator and the coupling between Coulombic efficiency (CE) and capacity decline. The CE must exceed 99.992% when active species are unstable at the opposing electrode, while a CE of 97% can be tolerated when active molecules can be recovered from the opposing electrode. The contributions of diffusion, migration, and convection are discussed, quantified, and related to the physical properties of the separator and the active materials.
[Possibilities for optimizing radiotherapy of cancers of the ENT area by measuring oncoradiogenic enzyme peaks of glucose-6-phosphate isomerase]. (1991)

Blood samples were taken from 39 patients with head and neck carcinomas after the initial irradiation, and the activity of the glycolytic enzyme glucose-6-phosphate isomerase (GPI) was measured. All patients showed GPI peaks at reproducible times. The height of the enzyme peak occurring 15.5-19.5 h after irradiation, was significantly correlated with tumour size and histological tumour differentiation. A late enzyme peak was associated with regional lymph node metastases. Possible sources of the enzyme peaks are discussed from a radiobiological point of view, and the value of such enzyme peaks for the optimization of radiation therapy is pointed out.
This computer responds to user frustration (1999)

A human-computer interaction (HCI) agent was designed and built to support users in their ability to recover from negative emotional states, particularly frustration. The agent uses social-affective feedback strategies delivered to the user with text-only interaction. The agent's effectiveness was evaluated against two control conditions: (1) user's emotions were ignored, and (2) users were able to report problems and "vent" their feelings and thoughts to the computer. Behavioral results showed that the agent was significantly more effective than the control conditions in helping relieve frustration levels.
Downregulation of CREB expression in Alzheimer's brain and in Aβ-treated rat hippocampal neurons (2011)

Our findings suggest that chronic downregulation of CREB-mediated transcription results in decrease of CREB content in the hippocampal neurons of AD brain which may contribute to exacerbation of disease progression.
Poly(ethylene glycol) grafting as a way to prevent protein adsorption and bacterial adherence (2023)

Grafting of poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) is an effective way of reducing adsorption of proteins and bacteria to hydrophobic surfaces. The paper discusses and compares two different routes of attaching PEG chains to surfaces: adsorption of block copolymers of ethylene oxide and propylene oxide (EO–PO block copolymers) and grafting via use of an anchoring polymer, poly(ethylene imine) (PEI). An overriding goal is to achieve a dense packing of PEG chains. The best effect in terms of protein and bacteria rejection, judged from short-term experiments, is obtained by adsorbing a pre-formed copolymer of PEG grafted to PEI on a negatively charged surface. Using PEGs of molecular weight 1500 g/mol or higher, protein adsorption is reduced to a few percent of the amount adsorbed at an untreated surface. The block copolymer adsorption route is less effective, mainly due to protein-induced desorption of the hydrophilizing agent. Bacterial adherence is also minimal when the PEI–PEG route is used. Branched PEGs are slightly less effective than linear PEGs of the same molecular weight. The difference in performance between linear and branched PEGs is discussed in terms of difference in entropy change when the hydrophilic surface-bound layer is compressed by an approaching protein. Branched PEGs, having smaller exclusion volumes and less freedom of motion, will lose less entropy on compression. The effects exerted on protein adsorption by PEG attached to a surface parallel its effect on particle mobility in electrophoresis. Similar molecular properties seem to be responsible for both protein and bacteria rejection and reduction of electrokinetic effects.
Hypothermia and hypoglycemia induced by anti‐CD3 monoclonal antibody in mice: Role of tumor necrosis factor (1990)

The possible involvement of tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF) in the metabolic disturbances induced by anti-CD3 monoclonal antibodies (mAb) was analyzed in DBA/2 mice injected with 50 micrograms of the anti-murine CD3 mAb 145-2C11. First, we found that 145-2C11 induces a profound hypothermia maximal between 3 h and 6 h after the injection (at 3 h: -3.0 +/- 0.1 degrees C) as well as hypoglycemia (blood glucose levels at 6 h and 24 h: 76 +/- 13 mg/100 ml and 92 +/- 22 mg/100 ml, respectively, p less than 0.001 as compared with control values). These metabolic changes are preceded by the release of TNF into the circulation (peak serum TNF levels at 2 h: 50 +/- 23 pg/ml, p less than 0.01 as compared with controls). The release of TNF induced by 145-2C11 depends on the effect of the mAb on T cells as it is not observed in athymic nude mice while lipopolysaccharide-resistant C3H/HeJ mice also display a significant rise in serum TNF (peak levels at 2 h: 59 +/- 44 pg/ml). Pretreatment of DBA/2 mice with 12 mg of rabbit anti-murine TNF antibodies completely prevents the hypothermia while the hypoglycemia is significantly attenuated. Finally, F(ab')2 fragments of 145-2C11 induce only a transient hypoglycemia (blood glucose levels at 6 h: 109 +/- 14, p less than 0.001 as compared with controls) but neither hypothermia nor significant TNF release. We conclude that TNF is a major mediator of the acute metabolic changes induced by the intact form of 145-2C11.
Synthesis and nmr spectral studies of some new 1 -heteroaryl -5 -amino- 3 -alkyl/aryl -4 -cyanopyrazoles (2006)

Reaction of heteroarylhydrazines 1 with alkylidenemalononitriles 2 may, in principle, result in the formation of 1-heteroaryl-5-amino-3-alkyl/aryl-4-cyanopyrazoles 3 and/or isomeric 1-heteroaryl-3-amino-5-alkyl/aryl-4-cyanopyrazoles 4. However, in the present investigation, only a single isomer 3 has been obtained. The structure of the products has been assigned on the basis of a rigorous analysis of their 1 H and 13 C NMR spectral data.