gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Antiviral activity of Brucella abortus preparations; separation of active components (1976)

Injection into mice of heat-killed Brucella abortus or aqueous ether-extracted B. abortus (Bru-pel) induced a "virus-type" interferon response, with peak titers at 6.5 h. The animals also were protected against challenge with otherwise lethal doses of Semliki forest virus. Extraction of either heated B. abortus or BRU-PEL with a mixture of chloroform-methanol (2:1, vol/vol) (C-M( yielded an insoluble residue (extracted cells) and a C-M extract. Neither extracted cells nor C-M extract alone induced interferon or afforded protection against Semliki forest virus infection in mice. Full interferon-inducing and protective activity was restored when extracted cells were recombined with C-M extract. C-M extract from heat-killed Escherichia coli also was effective in restoring activity to extracted Brucella cells. Neither heat-killed E. coli nor its C-M extract was active, nor was C-M estracted E. coli recombined with the C-M extract from B. abortus. These results suggest that the interferon-inducing and antiviral protective properties of B. abortus are constituted of a C-M-extractable component that is common to B. abortus and E. coli and an unextractable component that is unique to B. abortus.
AUTOMATED CO-REGISTRATION OF MULTITEMPORAL AIRBORNE FRAME IMAGES FOR NEAR REAL-TIME CHANGE DETECTION (2012)

Advances in aerial platforms, imaging sensors, image processing/computing, geo-positioning systems, and wireless communications make near real-time change detection more practical and cost effective. In Coulter et al. (2003) and Stow et al. (2003), we documented a method for collecting and precisely co-registering multitemporal airborne frame imagery that minimizes terrain and image features distortion differences between images, and enables precise relative alignment using simple techniques. This patent pending method is referred to as frame center matching. Here we describe specific procedures for automating the co-registration of frame center matched images. This type of rapid and automated image co-registration may support real-time or near real-time change detection, where newly acquired and previously acquired frame center matched images are aligned and compared on-board as an aircraft flies. The steps for automation include pairing multitemporal image sets, utilizing airborne Global Positioning System (GPS) and inertial measurement unit (IMU) data for initial alignment of images, automated control point collection, evaluation of control point pairs, image transformation, and assessment of image co-registration quality. This work is developed by the National Center for Border Security and Immigration: A Department of Homeland Security (DHS) Science and Technology (S&T) Center of Excellence. This work is also developed by the Infrastructure Protection and Disaster Management Division of DHS S&T.
Implementation of three-dimensional FPGA-based FDTD solvers: an architectural overview (2003)

Maxwell's equations, which govern electromagnetic propagation, are a system of coupled, differential equations. As such, they can be represented in difference form, thus allowing their numerical solution. By implementing both the temporal and spatial derivatives of Maxwell's equations in difference form, we arrive at one of the most common computational electromagnetic algorithms, the Finite-Difference Time-Domain (FDTD) method (Yee, 1966). In this technique, the region of interest is sampled to generate a grid of points, hereafter referred to as a mesh. The discretized form of Maxwell's equations is then solved at each point in the mesh to determine the associated electromagnetic fields. In this extended abstract, we present an architecture that overcomes the previous limitations. We begin with a high-level description of the computational flow of this architecture.
Sensing the properties of liquids with doubly rotated resonators (2002)

Immersion of a resonator into a liquid results in changes in the resonator's frequency and impedance. These changes have been used to characterize liquid properties. Frequency can be measured with far higher accuracy than impedance or any other quantity. The goal of the project described in this paper was to investigate whether or not it is possible to measure a liquid's properties by means of frequency measurements alone. When a doubly rotated resonator (/spl theta//spl ap/35/spl deg/ and /spl phi/>0/spl deg/) is operated in a liquid, the displacement of the surface is partly out of the plane of the plate. By controlling the /spl phi/ angle, one may control the ratio of in-plane to out-of-plane displacements. The out-of-plane component of the displacement propagates a damped compressional wave into the liquid, while the in-plane component propagates a damped shear wave. The frequency changes of doubly rotated resonators have been measured in glycerol solutions of a variety of concentrations. At each concentration, the frequency change was found to increase with increasing /spl phi/ angle. A method is proposed for the determination of a fluid's density, viscosity and acoustic wave velocity.
3D Display Using Passive Optical Scatterers (2007)

A new class of 3D displays uses a digital projector and a cloud of passive optical scatterers etched in a glass cube with laser-induced damage.These inexpensive devices can be used to display simple 3D objects, extend videogames to three dimensions, and create 3D avatars. Over the past century, researchers have worked vigorously to create a device that can display realistic high-resolution 3D content. As an offshoot of that, we are developing an inexpensive class of volumetric displays that can present certain types of 3D content, including simple 3D objects, extruded objects, and 3D surfaces that appear dynamic when projected with time-varying images, at relatively low resolution. Our displays use a simple light engine and a cloud of passive optical scatterers. The basic idea is to trade off the light engine's 2D spatial resolution to gain resolution in the third dimension. One way to achieve such a tradeoff is to use a stack of planar grids of scatterers where no two stacks overlap each other with respect to the light engine's projection rays.
Identification of serum biomarkers for lung cancer using mass spectrometry (2007)

A77 Background: Symptoms of lung cancer (LC) often do not appear until the disease is advanced; only 15% of the LC cases are found in the early stages. Carcinogen exposure, asthma and smoking have been recognized as some of the risk factors for LC. Prevention and early detection of LC could have a major impact on the natural history of the disease. The objective of the study was to apply mass spectrometric (MS) methods to identify a panel of biomarkers for early detection of LC.  Methods: Normal (NO) serum controls (n=30) from healthy volunteers and lung cancer (n=30) were acquired from a commercial vendor. Baseline (pre-treatment) serum specimens from individuals with asthma (AST; n=30) and lung cancer risk (LCR; n=73) were available from clinical trials of two novel agents that are being developed by JBNI Inc. for the respective indications. Serum proteins were analyzed using MS platform to identify biomarkers that are expressed in a significantly different manner in individuals with LC, LCR, or AST in comparison with NO subjects. Specimens were digested with trypsin and analyzed by liquid chromatography electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (LC-ESIMS). Differential analysis of the resulting mass spectral data allowed for the identification of differentially expressed mass/time signals which were then subjected to both on line and off line mass spectrometry-mass spectrometry (MSMS) analysis for the determination of peptide sequences. Data were analyzed using Mascot search software. Putative matches were cross checked against the raw data and peak identity, charge multiplicity, isotope distribution and flanking charge states were confirmed.  Results and conclusions: We have identified a number of heretofore unrecognized differentially expressed proteins in LC, LCR and AST samples relative to NO samples. The identified proteins include putative expressed proteins identified in prior genetic sequencing efforts, several patented proteins having functions that have not been described in the literature, proteins involved in intracytoplasmic protein membrane anchorage, proteasome components, cellular immune response, as well as several MHC associated proteins. Our results support an extended MS analysis of serum biomarker profiles as supplementary tools in the identification of target molecules and systems for the subsequent application of quantitative validation techniques for the identification and molecular characterization of the condition and development of novel agents for prevention, early detection and treatment of LC.  Supported by JBNI Inc.
Isolation and characterization of a unique division mutant of Bacillus megaterium (1990)

A filamentous division mutant, PV302, of Bacillus megaterium QM B1551 was isolated while screening for sporulation-defective mutants after nitrosoguanidine mutagenesis. Both phase-contrast and electron microscopy revealed that the mutant produced small spherical cells as well as filaments. It also accumulated large amounts of poly-beta-hydroxybutyrate. Poly-beta-hydroxybutyrate accounted for 16% of the dry weight of the mutant strain even after 28 h growth. In comparison to the parental strain, the division mutant also showed both an inability to sporulate and a reduced growth rate. All these phenotypes transduced together. Revertants gained the ability to sporulate, divide, and grow normally. Transductional mapping of the mutation, designated div-1, established a new linkage group for B. megaterium consisting of div-1 and the pyrimidine biosynthesis genes pyrD BCF. The spherical cells were separated from filaments by sucrose gradients and were tested for nucleic acid content and viability. The purified spherical cell fraction contained one-fifth the amount of DNA per mg protein as compared with the filamentous cell fraction and was shown to contain both non-viable minicells and some cells capable of growing after a lag of about 4 h. This suggests that the mutation not only causes defects in septum placement and sporulation, but may possibly affect DNA partitioning.
Design, synthesis and evaluation of cytotoxic properties of bisamino glucosylated antitumor ether lipids against cancer cells and cancer stem cells (2016)

Glycosylated antitumor ether lipids (GAELs) are a class of amphiphilic antitumor agents that kill cancer cells by a non-apoptotic pathway.
Rapid Identification of Synthetic Cannabinoids in Herbal Incenses with <scp>DART</scp>‐<scp>MS</scp> and NMR (2015)

The usage of herbal incenses containing synthetic cannabinoids has caused an increase in medical incidents and triggered legislations to ban these products throughout the world. Law enforcement agencies are experiencing sample backlogs due to the variety of the products and the addition of new and still-legal compounds. In our study, proton nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy was employed to promptly screen the synthetic cannabinoids after their rapid, direct detection on the herbs and in the powders by direct analysis in real time mass spectrometry (DART-MS). A simple sample preparation protocol was employed on 50 mg of herbal sample matrices for quick NMR detection. Ten synthetic cannabinoids were discovered in fifteen herbal incenses. The combined DART-MS and NMR methods can be used to quickly screen synthetic cannabinoids in powder and herbal samples, serving as a complementary approach to conventional GC-MS or LC-MS methods.
Classical Logic Operations Using the Quantum Zeno Effect (2008)

The quantum Zeno effect can be used to implement quantum logic operations using single photons as the qubits. It is shown here that similar effects can be used to implement classical logic and memory devices.
Development of a high-power vacuum interrupter. Final report (1981)

The goal of the present investigation is to assess the feasibility of designing and building a vacuum interrupter for transmission systems; to specifically develop a vacuum interrupter with a voltage capability in the 72-80 kV range and a current capability in the 63-80 kA range with a continuous current rating of 3000 A. To implement this undertaking, analytical and experimental work was carried out in four major problem areas: arc physics; vacuum breakdown; mechanical problems; interrupter fabrication and test. The leading concept is that of the diffuse vacuum arc, particularly as embodied in electrode structures of rod array type; structures which are capable of carrying very large arcing currents without suffering damage. Corollary to the diffuse arc concept is that of arc transfer from the butt contacts to the fixed-gap diffuse arc structure and the separation of functions which this allows. The original intent was to build four sealed interrupters each of a separate and distinct design, the fourth to be the prototype. Three interrupters were actually built, with records of performance ranging from poor to outstanding. The must successful interrupter was a triggered vacuum gap of rod array type whose interruption performance represents a high watermark for interruption in vacuum viz. 63 kA, 97 kV rated voltage (84 kV test voltage). Actually, the current and voltage limitations are not known since the tube was not tested to failure. A possible application for the interrupter is as a very fast, high-voltage, high current crowbar switch for protecting power transmission equipment and circuits. The single major problem blocking progress to the prototype is that of arc transfer. Though rapid and efficient transfer has been demonstrated in the laboratory on demountable systems, a successful translation to a sealed vacuum interrupter has not been achieved.
New Single Ended Fault Locator for HVDC Lines (2018)

This paper presents a single-ended method for fault location (FL) in HVDC transmission line, when one terminal measurement data is used without using communication channel or synchronization links between two terminals. The technique is based on extracting traveling wave (TW) impulses from measured transients and its comparison with so called finger print (FP) i.e. referenced time schemes of TW impulses obtained by a use of banks of many Bewley's lattice diagrams of TW impulses related to different fault location. The method can be applied for homogenous line as well as for mixed cable-overhead line. The method was validated using PSCAD models of overhead line and segmented line. Presented results shows that the method is valid and capable for locating the faults and introduce new solution for single-ended technique in homogenous or segmented HVDC transmission lines.
An improved mixed excitation linear prediction (MELP) coder (1999)

This paper presents an improved mixed excitation linear prediction (MELP) coder. The MELP is the linear-prediction-based speech coder that was chosen as the new 2400 bps US Federal Standard. Even though the MELP is quite good, there are still some perceivable distortions, particularly around non-stationary speech segments and for some low-pitch male speakers. The key features of our new coder include a robust pitch detection algorithm, a new plosive analysis/synthesis method, and a post processor for the Fourier magnitude model. Formal quality tests are used to show that the new MELP improves the quality of the US Federal Standard MELP coder while requiring only a small increase in algorithmic delay and while also retaining compatibility with the Federal Standard MELP bit-stream specification.
Characterization of coplanar poled electro optic polymer films for Si-photonic devices with multiphoton microscopy (2014)

We imaged coplanar poled electro optic (EO) polymer films on transparent substrates with a multiple-photon microscope in reflection and correlated the second-harmonic light intensity with the results of Pockels coefficient (r33) measurements. This allowed us to make quantitative measurements of poled polymer films on non-transparent substrates like silicon, which are not accessible with traditional Pockels coefficient measurement techniques. Phase modulators consisting of silicon waveguide devices with EO polymer claddings with a known Pockels coefficient (from Vπ measurements) were used to validate the correlation between the second-harmonic signal and r33. This also allowed us to locally map the r33 coefficient in the poled area.
Methods of image acquisition and calibration for x-ray computed tomography (2016)

X-ray computed tomography (CT) is a common medical imaging device for acquiring high-resolution 3D images of the interior of the human body. The images are formed by mathematical reconstruction from hundreds of planar x-ray images that have been acquired during less then a second. Photon-counting spectral detectors are seen by many as the next big step in the development of medical CT. The potential benefits include: quantitative CT, ultra-low dose imaging and optimal contrast-to-noise performance. The current aim for the research pursued by the Physics of Medical Imaging Group at KTH is to develop, and commercialize, a photon-counting spectral detector using silicon wafers in edge-on geometry. With the introduction of a new detector comes many challenges, some of which this Thesis aims to address. Efficient calibration schemes will be an essential part of the realization of photon-counting spectral detectors in clinical CT. In the first part of the Thesis, three calibration methods are presented: two methods for calibration of the energy thresholds on multi-bin spectral detectors and one method for geometric calibration of edge-on detectors that are mounted in a CT gantry. The CT image acquisition produces large amounts of data that have to be transported out of the system, preferably in real-time. Already today, fewer samples are acquired when operating at very high rotation speeds due to bandwidth limitations. For photon-counting spectral detectors, the amount of data will be even larger due to the additional energy information and the generally smaller pixels, and it is therefore desirable to minimize the number of angular samples acquired per revolution. In the second part of the Thesis, two methods for relaxing the angular sampling requirement are presented. The first method uses the built-in redundancy of multi-layer detectors to increase the angular sampling rate via a temporal offset between the detector layers. The second method uses decimation in the view (angular) direction as a means for compression of CT sinogram data. The compression can be performed on the CT gantry and thus lower the required bandwidth of the data transfer. Although the overall aim of this work has been to develop methods that facilitate the introduction of photon-counting spectral detectors for medical CT, the presented methods are also applicable in the broader context of calibration of x-ray detectors and CT image acquisition.
Delaunay triangulation using a uniform grid (1993)

An algorithm for triangulating 2-D data points that is based on a uniform grid structure and a triangulation strategy that builds triangles in a circular fashion is discussed. The triangulation strategy lets the algorithm eliminate points from the internal data structure and decreases the time used to find points to form triangles, given an edge. The algorithm has a tested linear time complexity that significantly improves on that of other methods. As a by-product, the algorithm produces the convex hull of the data set at no extra cost. Two ways to compute the convex hull using the algorithm are presented. The first is based on the edge list and the second is based on the grid structure.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Photo-disassembly of membrane microdomains revives a broad spectrum of antibiotics against MRSA persisters (Conference Presentation) (2019)

The prevalence of antibiotic resistance and the presence of bacterial persisters increasingly challenge the successful treatment of Staphylococcus aureus infections, and thus poses a great threat to the global health. Here, we present a photonic approach to revive a broad spectrum of antibiotics for eradication of MRSA persisters via photo-disassembly of functional membrane microdomains. Membrane microdomains on MRSA cells are enriched in staphyloxanthin-derived lipids as constituent lipids with co-localized and oligomerized multimeric protein complexes including PBP2a to execute various cellular processes and cell virulence. We demonstrated that the membrane-bound staphyloxinthin is prone to photobleaching by blue light due to triplet-triplet annihilation and thus compromises the membrane integrity. Using high-intensity 460 nm pulsed laser (wide-field illumination, dosage far below human safety limit), we achieved strikingly high staphyloxanthin bleaching efficiency and depth when compared to low-level light sources (quantified by resonance Raman spectroscopy). More importantly, such efficient and selective photolysis of constituent lipids leads to catastrophic disassembly of membrane microdomains, yielding highly compromised cell membrane with nanometer-scale pores created and PBP2a unanchored from cell membrane or dispersed (proved and quantified by immunofluorescence, fluorescence assay, confocal, super-resolution imaging, and Western blotting). The disruption renders MRSA persisters highly traumatized, thus no longer in dormant state (verified by stimulated Raman scattering microscopy). Consequently, cells with compromised membrane are found highly susceptible to a broad spectrum of antibiotics: beta-lactam antibiotics, such as penicillin and cephalosporins, due to PBP2a disassembly; antibiotics that inhibit intracellular activities enabled by effective diffusion via nanometer-scale pores, such as quinolones, aminoglycosides and sulfonamides. These synergistic therapies are validated both in vitro and in clinically relative models including biofilm and mice skin infection model. Collective, our findings unveil the underlying mechanism of photo-disassembly of MRSA membrane microdomains and highlight this photonic approach as a novel platform to revive a broad spectrum of conventional antibiotics and guide the development of new antibiotics for treatment of MRSA infections.
Czochralski growth of rare earth oxyorthosilicate single crystals. [Y-Si-O; Gd-Si-O; Cu-Si-O] (1993)

Single crystals of three Ce-doped rare earth oxyorthosilicates, Ln[sub 2](SiO[sub 4])O where Ln = Y, Gd, or Lu, were grown by the Czochralski technique. The formation of defects was strongly influenced by the crystal growth conditions for Ln = Gd but high quality boules for Ln = Y and Lu were grown under a variety of conditions. The luminescence properties of these materials reflect the interaction of the Ce[sup 3+] activator with the crystal field of the host lattice. (orig.)
Pressure swing adsorption (1995)

A pressure swing adsorption cycle comprised of blowdown, purge, pressurization, feed, pressure equalization and rinse steps provided recovery from an atmospheric air feed, essentially dry and free of carbon dioxide, of a high yield of high purity nitrogen gas and a high yield of a product gas rich in oxygen as well as recovery of a residual feed byproduct gas for recycle with the air feed.