gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Reactive Vaporization of Crude Glycerol in a Fluidized Bed Reactor (2009)

Crude glycerol is a coproduct of the trans-esterification of vegetable oil and animal fat to biodiesel that contains as much as 5% salt. Processing the glycerol to value added products often requires an expensive distillation step. In this work, we propose a new process in which crude liquid glycerol is fed directly to a fluidized bed, vaporizes, and then reacts to form acrolein over a tungsten doped zirconia catalyst. Salt in the crude glycerol crystallizes and accumulates in the fluid bed. In a commercial process, the salt crystals will be subject to significant mechanical stresses that will cause them to attrit. The attrited powder will be elutriated from the bed and collected by filters. The focus of this work has been to evaluate the effect of salt on catalyst activity as well as its attrition resistance. Thus far, there is little evidence of salt crystallization or migration to the interior of the catalyst particles—after more than 1 day of continuous operation, catalyst activity remained unchanged. Tests on a standard air jet mill suggest that the mechanical stresses typical of a fluidized bed will be sufficient to attrit the salt and thus minimize its accumulation in the reactor with time.
Human Monoclonal Antibodies against Group A Red Blood Cells (1985)

A human monoclonal antibody with anti-A specificity was generated by Epstein-Barr virus transformation of lymphocytes isolated from splenic tissue after in vitro stimulation with group A red blood cells. This antibody is of the IgM class and directly agglutinates group A red blood cells. Type A1, A2, Aint, A3, AX, Aend and A5 cells were agglutinated by the reagent indicating a single determinant is shared by these A subgroups.
Advantages of heterogeneous logic block architecture for FPGAs (2002)

The authors consider field programmable gate arrays (FPGAs) that use two different sizes of lookup table (LUT) logic blocks and investigate the area-efficiency of different mixtures of different sizes of LUTs. Experimental results on a set of benchmark circuits indicate that several heterogeneous architectures achieve significant reduction in the number of programming bits and logic block pins compared to the industry standard 4-input LUTs. A 6-LUT/4-LUT combination will likely exhibit better performance with nearly equivalent area than a homogeneous 4-LUT FPGA.
Analysis of the S3 and S3′ subsite specificities of feline immunodeficiency virus (FIV) protease: Development of a broad-based protease inhibitor efficacious against FIV, SIV, and HIV <i>in vitro</i> and <i>ex vivo</i> (1998)

The S3 and S3' subsite binding specificities of HIV and feline immunodeficiency virus proteases (FIV) proteases (PRs) have been explored by using C2-symmetric competitive inhibitors. The inhibitors evaluated contained (1S, 2R, 3R, 4S)-1,4-diamino-1, 4-dibenzyl-2,3-diol as P1 and P1' units, Val as P2 and P2' residues, and a variety of amino acids at the P3 and P3' positions. All inhibitors showed very high potency against HIV PR in vitro, and their Ki values ranged between 1.1 and 2.6 nM. In contrast to the low restriction of P3 and P3' residues observed in HIV PR, FIV PR exhibited strong preference for small hydrophobic groups at the S3 and S3' subsites. Within this series, the most effective inhibitor against FIV PR contained Ala at P3 and P3'. Its Ki of 41 nM was 415- and 170-fold lower than those of the inhibitors without the P3 and P3' moieties or with the Phe at these positions, respectively. In addition, these compounds were tested against mutant FIV PRs, which contain amino acid substitutions corresponding to those in native HIV PR at homologous sites, and their efficacy of inhibition progressively increased up to 5-fold. The most potent FIV PR inhibitor was selected for examination of its effectiveness in tissue culture, and it was able to block nearly 100% of virus production in an acute infection at 1 microg/ml (1.1 microM) against HIV, FIV, and simian immunodeficiency virus. Furthermore, it was not toxic to cells, and even after 2 months of culture there was no sign of resistance development by virus. The findings suggest that inhibitors with small P3 residue may be efficacious against a broad range of HIV variants as well as interspecies PRs.
High Speed Content Addressable Memory (1996)

A high-speed associative memory is described which is embedded in a newly developed processing unit chip. The size of the associative macro is 1.5 mm2. The edge size of the chip is 14.6 mm. It is one of 6 chips of a S/390 microprocessor chip set. The technology used for the chip set is 0.35 ?m CMOS with 6 levels of metal.
Synthesis and antihypertensive activity of 4-(substituted-carbonylamino)-2H-1-benzopyrans (1990)

The synthesis and antihypertensive activity of a series of novel 4-(substituted-carbonylamino)-2H-1-benzopyran-3-ols, administered orally to conscious spontaneously hypertensive rats, are described. Optimum activity was observed for compounds with alkyl, amino, or aryl groups flanking the carbonyl group. Of the alkyl and amino series the most potent compounds contained the methyl and methylamino groups, respectively. Several analogues have been compared with cromakalim (1) for their effects on potassium ion efflux in the rabbit mesenteric artery using rubidium-86 as a marker. The ability of each compound to enhance rubidium-86 efflux is approximately parallelled by its blood pressure lowering activity, and thus these analogues, like compound (1), belong to the series of drugs which have been classified as potassium-channel activators.
Isospecific, Chain Shuttling Polymerization of Propylene Oxide Using a Bimetallic Chromium Catalyst: A New Route to Semicrystalline Polyols (2017)

Hydroxy-telechelic poly(propylene oxide) (PPO) is widely used industrially as a midsegment in polyurethane synthesis. These atactic polymers are produced from racemic propylene oxide using chain shuttling agents and double-metal cyanide catalysts. Unlike atactic PPO, isotactic PPO is semicrystalline with a melting temperature of approximately 67 °C. Currently there is no practical route to hydroxy-telechelic isotactic PPO using racemic propylene oxide as the monomer. In this paper, hydroxy-telechelic isotactic PPO is synthesized from racemic propylene oxide with control of molecular weight using enantioselective and isoselective bimetallic catalysts in conjunction with chain shuttling agents. The discovery of an easily accessible bimetallic chromium catalyst is reported for this transformation. Diol, triol, and polymeric chain shuttling agents are used to give hydroxy-telechelic isotactic PPO of varying functionality and structure. Detailed quantum chemical studies are used to reveal the polymerization mechanism and origin of stereoselectivity.
Design and performance aspects of pickup loop structures for miniature SQUID magnetometry (1995)

As miniature SQUID susceptometers and scanning SQUID microscopes come into wider use, it is important to understand in detail the magnetic coupling of objects of interest to small superconducting pickup loops as well as our ability to scale such pickup loop structures to sub-/spl mu/m dimensions. In this paper we address important aspects of both of these issues. First, assuming a perfect circular pickup loop, we examine the coupling to three-dimensional objects and arrive at a number of simple practical results for measurements on small samples with various geometries and positions. Second, we examine the nature of small superconducting pickup loop structures and the impact on scaling of factors such as connecting leads, local groundplanes and the superconducting penetration depth. We conclude that highly localized pickup areas of well under 1 /spl mu/m/sup 2/ are possible with existing technology.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Practical adaptation in bulk superconducting magnetic bearing applications (1992)

Lifting capacities greater than 41 N/cm2 (60 psi) at 77 K have been achieved using a combination of permanent magnets and high quality melt-textured YBa2Cu3O7−δ (YBCO). The key concept of this hybrid superconducting magnetic bearing (HSMB) is the use of strong magnetic repulsion and attraction from permanent magnets to support high loads in conjunction with flux pinning in a type II superconductor to counteract instabilities in a system consisting of magnets only. To illustrate this concept, radial and axial forces between magnet/superconductor, magnet/magnet, and magnet/superconductor/magnet, were measured and compared for the thrust and journal bearing configurations on a bearing prototype.
Automated videography for residential communications (2010)

The current widespread use of webcams for personal video communication over the Internet suggests that opportunities exist to develop video communications systems optimized for domestic use. We discuss both prior and existing technologies, and the results of user studies that indicate potential needs and expectations for people relative to personal video communications. In particular, users anticipate an easily used, high image quality video system, which enables multitasking communications during the course of real-world activities and provides appropriate privacy controls. To address these needs, we propose a potential approach premised on automated capture of user activity. We then describe a method that adapts cinematography principles, with a dual-camera videography system, to automatically control image capture relative to user activity, using semantic or activity-based cues to determine user position and motion. In particular, we discuss an approach to automatically manage shot framing, shot selection, and shot transitions, with respect to one or more local users engaged in real-time, unscripted events, while transmitting the resulting video to a remote viewer. The goal is to tightly frame subjects (to provide more detail), while minimizing subject loss and repeated abrupt shot framing changes in the images as perceived by a remote viewer. We also discuss some aspects of the system and related technologies that we have experimented with thus far. In summary, the method enables users to participate in interactive video-mediated communications while engaged in other activities.
Asymmetric cyclic alkyl amino carbene (CAAC) ruthenium complexes as improved catalysts for ethenolysis (2013)

Ethenolysis, the cross metathesis reaction of an internal olefin with ethylene to generate two terminal olefin products, has long\nbeen proposed as a method for the rapid prodn. of commodity, value-added products from inexpensive, readily-available seed oil\nderivs. For application to commodity chems., the TON should be at least 50,000. Prior to this report, such a catalyst system had\nyet to be developed. Herein, we disclose ruthenium complexes of cyclic alkyl amino carbene (CAAC) ligands bearing asym. ortho\nsubstitution on the N-aryl ring, as potentially viable catalyst systems for ethenolysis reactions on an industrial scale. In the\nethenolysis of Me oleate, these catalyst systems exhibit TONs > 100,000 and >90% selectivity for terminal olefins, at a loading\nof 3 ppm. Mechanistic investigations probing this remarkable activity are ongoing, and will also be presented in detail.
Detection and Localization of Grapevine Leafroll Associated Closteroviruses in Greenhouse and Tissue Culture Grown Plants (1996)

The best plant tissue and season for the detection of grapevine leafroll associated viruses (GLRaV) I, II, and III in greenhouse and tissue culture grown infected grapevines were investigated using ELISA. Samples near the bottom portion of actively growing stems and petioles had the highest concentration of virus. Old and symptomatic leaves had higher titers of virus than young leaves. Grapevine leafroll associated viruses I, II, and III antigens were distributed unevenly in infected tissue, although the highest titers of virus were generally found near the lower portion of the plant. The virus associated antigens were detected throughout the year (except early in the growing season) in basal stem and petiole samples, demonstrating that multiple samples should be taken from these tissues to unambiguously detect GLRaV. When explants from individual nodes were propagated <i>in vitro</i>, high virus titers were detected in every sample even when the concentration of virus in the original stem or leaf sample was low.
ENTSC Two-Channel Compatible HDTV System (1987)

This paper describes the architecture and signal processing methods involved in the realization of a two-channel NTSC-compatible television system capable of delivering a wide aspect ratio and high definition (HDTV) television signal to the consumer via existing networks of broadcast television.
3D micro optical switching system (3D-MOSS)-Packaging design (2002)

A packaging design providing "3D micro optical switching system (3D-MOSS)" is expected to reduce waveguide crossing points, system size and wiring distance drastically by using variable well optical integrated circuit (VWOIC).
Synthesis and biodistribution of no-carrier-added [1-11C]putrescine. (1985)

No-carrier-added [1-11C]putrescine was synthesized in 20% radiochemical yield in a synthesis time of 50 min by the Michael addition of potassium [11C]cyanide to acrylonitrile followed by reduction of the [11C]dinitrile with borane-methyl sulfide complex. Biodistribution in mice at 5, 30, and 60 min showed low uptake in normal brain tissue.
Ultra-low-energy adiabatic dynamic logic circuits using nanoelectromechanical switches (2015)

Nanoelectromechanical (NEM) switches have the unique property of virtually zero leakage current, making it an appealing candidate for implementing dynamic logic circuits. However, NEM switches have relatively slow switching times (tens of nanoseconds) due to their mechanical nature. Adiabatic Dynamic Logic (ADL) is an approach that can achieve ultra-low-energy dissipation when operating at electrically slow speeds. We show through simulation that NEM switches can be used to implement ADL circuits that exploit its zero leakage property while operating at mechanically fast switching speeds. At least an order of magnitude reduction in energy consumption compared to conventional circuit design is shown in simulation using analytical compact modeling.
Second generation noninvasive fetal genome analysis reveals de novo mutations, single-base parental inheritance, and preferred DNA ends (2016)

Plasma DNA obtained from a pregnant woman was sequenced to a depth of 270× haploid genome coverage. Comparing the maternal plasma DNA sequencing data with the parental genomic DNA data and using a series of bioinformatics filters, fetal de novo mutations were detected at a sensitivity of 85% and a positive predictive value of 74%. These results represent a 169-fold improvement in the positive predictive value over previous attempts. Improvements in the interpretation of the sequence information of every base position in the genome allowed us to interrogate the maternal inheritance of the fetus for 618,271 of 656,676 (94.2%) heterozygous SNPs within the maternal genome. The fetal genotype at each of these sites was deduced individually, unlike previously, where the inheritance was determined for a collection of sites within a haplotype. These results represent a 90-fold enhancement in the resolution in determining the fetus's maternal inheritance. Selected genomic locations were more likely to be found at the ends of plasma DNA molecules. We found that a subset of such preferred ends exhibited selectivity for fetal- or maternal-derived DNA in maternal plasma. The ratio of the number of maternal plasma DNA molecules with fetal preferred ends to those with maternal preferred ends showed a correlation with the fetal DNA fraction. Finally, this second generation approach for noninvasive fetal whole-genome analysis was validated in a pregnancy diagnosed with cardiofaciocutaneous syndrome with maternal plasma DNA sequenced to 195× coverage. The causative de novo BRAF mutation was successfully detected through the maternal plasma DNA analysis.
An adaptive vestibular rehabilitation technique (2017)

2b. Laryngoscope, 128:713-718, 2018.
Theoretical and experimental investigation of multispectral photoacoustic osteoporosis detection method (2014)

Osteoporosis is a widespread disorder, which has a catastrophic impact on patients lives and overwhelming related to healthcare costs. Recently, we proposed a multispectral photoacoustic technique for early detection of osteoporosis. Such technique has great advantages over pure ultrasonic or optical methods as it allows the deduction of both bone functionality from the bone absorption spectrum and bone resistance to fracture from the characteristics of the ultrasound propagation. We demonstrated the propagation of multiple acoustic modes in animal bones <i>in-vitro</i>. To further investigate the effects of multiple wavelength excitations and of induced osteoporosis on the PA signal a multispectral photoacoustic system is presented. The experimental investigation is based on measuring the interference of multiple acoustic modes. The performance of the system is evaluated and a simple two mode theoretical model is fitted to the measured phase signals. The results show that such PA technique is accurate and repeatable. Then a multiple wavelength excitation is tested. It is shown that the PA response due to different excitation wavelengths revels that absorption by the different bone constitutes has a profound effect on the mode generation. The PA response is measured in single wavelength before and after induced osteoporosis. Results show that induced osteoporosis alters the measured amplitude and phase in a consistent manner which allows the detection of the onset of osteoporosis. These results suggest that a complete characterization of the bone over a region of both acoustic and optical frequencies might be used as a powerful tool for in-vivo bone evaluation.
A New Solution for the Removal of the Smear Layer (2003)

Various organic acids, ultrasonic instruments, and lasers have been used to remove the smear layer from the surface of instrumented root canals. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of a mixture of a tetracycline isomer, an acid, and a detergent (MTAD) as a final rinse on the surface of instrumented root canals. Forty-eight extracted maxillary and mandibular single-rooted human teeth were prepared by using a combination of passive step-back and rotary 0.04 taper nickel-titanium files. Sterile distilled water or 5.25% sodium hypochlorite was used as intracanal irrigant. The canals were then treated with 5 ml of one of the following solutions as a final rinse: sterile distilled water, 5.25% sodium hypochlorite, 17% EDTA, or a new solution, MTAD. The presence or absence of smear layer and the amount of erosion on the surface of the root canal walls at the coronal, middle, and apical portion of each canal were examined under a scanning electron microscope. The results show that MTAD is an effective solution for the removal of the smear layer and does not significantly change the structure of the dentinal tubules when canals are irrigated with sodium hypochlorite and followed with a final rinse of MTAD.
Solar-Powered Cooler and Heater for an Automobile Interior (2006)

The apparatus would include a solar photovoltaic panel mounted on the roof and a panellike assembly mounted in a window opening. The window-mounted assembly would include a stack of thermoelectric devices sandwiched between two heat sinks. A fan would circulate interior air over one heat sink. Another fan would circulate exterior air over the other heat sink. The fans and the thermoelectric devices would be powered by the solar photovoltaic panel. By means of a double-pole, double-throw switch, the panel voltage fed to the thermoelectric stack would be set to the desired polarity: For cooling operation, the chosen polarity would be one in which the thermoelectric devices transport heat from the inside heat sink to the outside one; for heating operation, the opposite polarity would be chosen. Because thermoelectric devices are more efficient in heating than in cooling, this apparatus would be more effective as a heater than as a cooler. However, if the apparatus were to include means to circulate air between the outside and the inside without opening the windows, then its effectiveness as a cooler in a hot, sunny location would be increased.
Symbol By Symbol Reduced Complexity Highly Selective Ofdm Channel Estimation (2002)

Publication in the conference proceedings of EUSIPCO, Toulouse, France, 2002
Range-Free Location Estimation Algorithms for Wireless Networks (2006)

In this paper, we describe a suite of new range-free location estimation algorithms. With these algorithms, a blindfolded node is first located within some probable regions by comparing the measured received signal strength between nodes. Then the location of the blindfolded node is narrowed down by overlapping all the probable regions. Finally the geographic center of the overlapped region is calculated as the location estimate of the blindfolded node. Location estimation accuracy can be further improved when a blindfolded node that has already been located serves as additional reference node to determine the positions of other blindfolded nodes within its communication range. When compared with other range-free algorithms, results show improved location estimation accuracy with similar or less computation complexity.
Electrowetting-based microfluidic operations on rapid-manufactured devices for heat pipe applications (2017)

The heat transport capacity of traditional heat pipes is limited by the capillary pressure generated in the internal wick that pumps condensate to the evaporator. Recently, the authors conceptualized a novel heat pipe architecture, wherein wick-based pumping is replaced by electrowetting (EW)-based pumping of microliter droplets in the adiabatic section. An electrowetting heat pipe (EHP) can overcome the capillary limit to heat transport capacity and enable compact, planar, gravity-insensitive, and ultralow power consumption heat pipes that transport kiloWatt heat loads over extended distances. This work develops a novel technique for rapid, scalable fabrication of EW-based devices and studies critical microfluidic operations underlying the EHP, with the objective of predicting the key performance parameters of the EHP. Devices are fabricated on a printed circuit board (PCB) substrate with mechanically-milled electrodes, and a removable polyimide dielectric film. The first set of experiments uncovers the maximum channel gap (1 mm) for reliable EW-based pumping; this parameter determines the heat transport capacity of the EHP, which scales linearly with the channel gap. The second set of experiments uncovers the maximum channel gap (375 microns) at which EW voltages can successfully split droplets. This is an important consideration which ensures EHP operability in the event of unintentional droplet merging. The third set of experiments demonstrate and study EW-induced droplet generation from an open-to-air reservoir, which mimics the interface between the condenser and adiabatic sections of the EHP. The experimental findings predict that planar, water-based EHPs with a (10 cm by 4 mm) cross section can transport 1.6 kW over extended distances (>1 m), with a thermal resistance of 0.01 K W−1.