gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Viability of Dynamic Cooling Control in a Data Center Environment (2005)

Abstract Data center thermal management challenges have been steadily increasing over the past few years due to rack level power density increases resulting from system level compaction. These challenges have been compounded by antiquated environmental control strategies designed for low power density installations and for the worst-case heat dissipation rates in the computer systems. Current data center environmental control strategies are not energy efficient when applied to the highly dynamic, high power density data centers of the future. Current techniques control the computer room air conditioning units (CRACs) based on the return air temperature of the air—typically set near 20°C. Blowers within the CRACs are normally operated at maximum flow rate throughout the operation of the data center unless they are equipped with nonstandard variable frequency drives. At this setting the blowers typically provide significantly more airflow than is required by the equipment racks to prevent recirculation and the subsequent formation of hot spots. This strategy tends to be overly conservative and inefficient. As an example air entering a given system housed in a rack undergoes a temperature rise of 15°C due to the heat added by the system. The return air control strategy strives to keep the entire room at a fixed temperature. Therefore in a typical data center the CRAC supply temperature, and hence the air entering the racks, is 13-15°C and the CRAC return is 20-22°C. At these settings the CRACs can consume almost as much energy as the computer equipment they are cooling [Friedrich, R., Patel, C.D., 2002, “Towards Planetary Scale Computing – Technical Challenges for Next Generation Internet Computing,” THERMES 2002, Santa Fe, NM; The Uptime Institute, “Heat Density Trends in Data Processing, Computer Systems and Telecommunications Equipment,” White Paper issued by The Uptime Institute, 2000.]. Experiments conducted by the authors using these CRAC settings show that nearly 0.7W is consumed by the environmental control system for every 1W of heat dissipated by the computer equipment in the authors’ experimental facility indicating that the energy efficiency of standard data center environmental control systems is poor. This study examines several opportunities for improving thermal management and energy performance of data centers with automatic control. Experimental results are presented that demonstrate how simple, modular control strategies can be implemented. Furthermore, experimental data is presented that show it is possible to improve the energy performance of a data center by up to 70% over current standards while maintaining proper thermal management conditions.
Simultaneous measurement of multichannel laser linewidths and spacing by use of stimulated Brillouin scattering in optical fiber (1998)

A novel method for measuring the linewidth of each laser and channel spacing in a multichannel transmission system is presented. Using the dependence of the Stokes frequency shift on the pump wavelength in stimulated Brillouin scattering, we are able to construct a delayed self-heterodyne interferometer that can measure the linewidths and channel spacing simultaneously.
Nanoelectronic ELISA: A Nanoelectronic Enzyme‐Linked Immunosorbent Assay for Detection of Proteins in Physiological Solutions Small 2/2010 (2010)

The cover picture illustrates a new approach to biomolecular sensing, a nanoelectronic-enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ne-ELISA). The approach combines the power of a sandwich ELISA – antibody/antigen selective binding and enzymatic conversion – with electronic detection. The illustration depicts a captured antibody (red), a captured protein (white), and a reporter antibody complex (blue) on a semiconductor nanowire (turquoise). When activated, the reporter complex releases ions, causing a pH change (yellow) in the local aqueous environment, which is detected by the nanowire. Nanowire-detection approaches have an inherent limitation for detection in physiologic fluids due to ionic screening. The ne-ELISA approach circumvents this, enabling wide applicability for biomolecule detection in physiologic fluids, as well as decreasing the detection limits by many orders of magnitude. For more information, please read the Full Paper “A Nanoelectronic Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ne-ELISA) for Detection of Proteins in Physiological Solutions” by M. Reed, T. M. Fahmy, et al., beginning on page 232.
Coherin: A New Peptide of the Bovine Neurohypophysis with Activity on Gastrointestinal Motility (1972)

A factor with potent activity in the regulation of mammalian gastrointestinal motor function has been isolated from the bovine posterior pituitary gland by a process allowing minimal dissociation of neurophysin-bound complexes and the separation of free unbound peptides. This substance alters the frequency, amplitude, rhythm, and duration of peristaltic contraction.
Abstract TP108: Blood Occludin Level Indicates the Extent of Early Blood Brain Barrier Damage in Ischemic Stroke (2016)

Background and Purpose: Fear of symptomatic intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) has been the primary reason for withholding tPA thrombolysis from acute ischemic stroke patients. Early blood brain barrier (BBB) damage is appreciated to be closely associated with post-thrombolysis ICH, while it remains a technical challenge for rapid assessment of BBB damage before tPA administration. Our recent data showed that cerebral ischemia induced rapid degradation of tight junction protein occludin in ischemic cerebromicrovessels. This study further investigates whether the cleaved occludin is released into the blood stream and how blood occludin levels correlate to the extent of ischemic BBB damage. Methods: Male Sprague Dawley rats were subjected to 1.5, 3, 4.5, 12 and 24 hours of middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO), followed by 5-min reperfusion. Blood samples were taken before and after MCAO. Blood occludin was assessed by ELISA. BBB permeability was measured by Evans blue dye leakage. Occludin cleavage was identified on immunoblots. Results: MCAO induced Evans blue dye leakage and blood occludin increase in a duration-dependent manner. Blood occludin increase concurrently occurred with the loss of occludin from ischemic cerebral microvessels. Western blot analysis identified two cleaved occludin fragments (31- and 55- kDa) in the blood. Lastly, blood occludin levels remained significantly higher than its basal level within the first 24 hours after MCAO onset. Conclusions: Our results indicate that blood occludin levels correlate well with the extents of BBB damage and thus may serve as a potential biomarker for evaluating the risk of hemorrhagic transformation before tPA administration.
Aqueous extracts of mango and orange peel as green inhibitors for carbon steel in hydrochloric acid solution (2014)

In this paper, aqueous extracts of mango and orange peels were shown to be good corrosion inhibitors for carbon steel in a 1 mol L- 1 HCl solution. The inhibition efficiency increased as the extract concentration increased over a concentration range of 200-600 mg L- 1, varying from 79 to 96% (mango) and 84 to 91% (orange) using Tafel plots and from 69 to 94% (mango) and 76 to 90% (orange) using electrochemical impedance. In the presence of 400 mg L- 1 of mango and orange peel extracts, the weight loss measurements showed an increase in the inhibition efficiency with immersion time, where the best results after 24 h of immersion were 97% and 95%, respectively. The adsorption of the extract components on the surface of the carbon steel follows the Langmuir adsorption isotherm. With the extraction procedure used in this work, it can be surmised that it is likely that the more polar heterosides in the extracts are responsible for the corrosion inhibition of carbon steel in an acid solution.
Highly-efficient, tunable green, phosphor-converted LEDs using a long-pass dichroic filter and a series of orthosilicate phosphors for tri-color white LEDs (2011)

This study introduces a long-pass dichroic filter (LPDF) on top of a phosphor-converted LED (pc-LED) packing associated with each corresponding tunable orthosilicate ((Ba,Sr)2SiO4:Eu) phosphor in order to fabricate tunable green pc-LEDs. These LPDF-capped green pc-LEDs provide luminous efficacies between 143–173 lm/W at 60 mA in a wavelength range between 515 and 560 nm. These tunable green pc-LEDs can replace green semiconductor-type III-V LEDs, which present challenges with respect to generating high luminous efficacy. We also introduce the highly-efficient tunable green pc-LEDs into tri-color white LED systems that combine an InGaN blue LED and green/red full down-converted pc-LEDs. The effect of peak wavelength in the tunable green pc-LEDs on the optical properties of a tri-color package white LED is analyzed to determine the proper wavelength of green color for tri-color white LEDs. The tri-color white LED provides excellent luminous efficacy (81.5–109 lm/W) and a good color rendering index (64–87) at 6500 K of correlated color temperature (CCT) with the peak wavelength of green pc-LEDs. The luminous efficacy of the LPDF-capped green monochromatic pc-LED and tri-color package with tunable green pc-LEDs can be increased by improving the external quantum efficiency of blue LEDs and the conversion efficiency of green pc-LEDs.
Adaptive Network Coding in Two-Way Relaying MIMO Systems (2010)

We investigate physical-layer network coding for two-way relaying systems which employ multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) techniques. For single-antenna cases, it has been previously verified that adaptive network coding, whose mapping rule is dependent on channel state information (CSI), can offer good performance for two-stage relaying protocols. In this paper, we evaluate gains achieved by adaptive network coding over the conventional network coding in MIMO channels. We consider several different scenarios: any CSI is not available, only local CSI is available, and global CSI is available at transmitters. Optimal precoding is derived for each scenario to minimize pairwise error probability. We confirm that the adaptive network coding still outperforms the fixed network coding even for MIMO communications.
Progress in LPC-based frequency-domain audio coding (2016)

This paper describes the progress in frequency-domain linear prediction coding (LPC)-based audio coding schemes. Although LPC was originally used only for time-domain speech coders, it has been applied to frequency-domain coders since the late 1980s. With the progress in associated technologies, the frequency-domain LPC-based audio coding scheme has become more promising, and it has been used in speech/audio coding standards, such as MPEG-D unified speech and audio coding and 3GPP enhanced voice services since 2010. Three of the latest investigations on the representations of LPC envelopes in frequency-domain coders are shown. These are the harmonic model, frequency-resolution warping and the Powered All-Pole Spectral Envelope, all of which are aiming at further enhancement of the coding efficiency.
A novel target-field method for finite-length magnetic resonance shim coils: II. Tesseral shims (2002)

This paper presents a new approach for the design of finite-length shim and gradient coils of the type that are used in magnetic resonance imaging applications. A cylindrical target region is located arbitrarily within the coil, and the exact geometry of the coil is treated without approximation. Target fields of any desired type may be specified, and may involve zonal and tesseral harmonics. The method presented here then designs the coil windings needed to produce the specified target field. In this new approach, there is complete freedom in the choice of target field, with no requirement to restrict the target field to any one spherical harmonic. The method is therefore able to design coils in which the region of interest is located asymmetrically with respect to the coil length. In addition, to control the accuracy of the fields produced by the shim coil, the design methodology presented here is also extended to show how the desired target field can be matched at two or more different co-axial target radii. The method is illustrated for the design of shim coil that involves high-order tesseral fields located asymmetrically in a finite-length coil.
N-Fluoro-N-alkylsulfonamides: useful reagents for the fluorination of carbanions (1984)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTN-Fluoro-N-alkylsulfonamides: useful reagents for the fluorination of carbanionsW. E. BarnetteCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1984, 106, 2, 452–454Publication Date (Print):January 1, 1984Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 January 1984https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00314a050RIGHTS & PERMISSIONSArticle Views1579Altmetric-Citations169LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (399 KB) Get e-Alerts Get e-Alerts
Linear light source reflectometry (2003)

This paper presents a technique for estimating the spatially-varying reflectance properties of a surface based on its appearance during a single pass of a linear light source. By using a linear light rather than a point light source as the illuminant, we are able to reliably observe and estimate the diffuse color, specular color, and specular roughness of each point of the surface. The reflectometry apparatus we use is simple and inexpensive to build, requiring a single direction of motion for the light source and a fixed camera viewpoint. Our model fitting technique first renders a reflectance table of how diffuse and specular reflectance lobes would appear under moving linear light source illumination. Then, for each pixel we compare its series of intensity values to the tabulated reflectance lobes to determine which reflectance model parameters most closely produce the observed reflectance values. Using two passes of the linear light source at different angles, we can also estimate per-pixel surface normals as well as the reflectance parameters. Additionally our system records a per-pixel height map for the object and estimates its per-pixel translucency. We produce real-time renderings of the captured objects using a custom hardware shading algorithm. We apply the technique to a test object exhibiting a variety of materials as well as to an illuminated manuscript with gold lettering. To demonstrate the technique's accuracy, we compare renderings of the captured models to real photographs of the original objects.
Control of a Hybrid Modular Solid-State Transformer for Uninterrupted Power Supply Under MVdc Short-Circuit Fault (2022)

Modular multilevel converter (MMC)-based solid-state transformers (M-SSTs) show promise in hybrid ac/dc distribution grids where there is need for a medium-voltage dc (MVdc) interface. It can be used to interconnect several distribution networks with different voltage forms and levels and enable flexible power flow among them. In an M-SST, the MVdc short-circuit fault is a critical issue due to the rapidity of the fault current, which can cause device damage and power failure of the low-voltage (LV) grids. Aiming at addressing this issue, this article proposes a fault-mode control strategy applied to a hybrid M-SST topology for uninterrupted power supply of its LV ports. The topology consists of a hybrid MMC with both half- and full-bridge submodules and isolated bidirectional dc–dc converters. Through the proposed control, the fault current is eliminated when an MVdc short-circuit fault occurs. The hybrid M-SST can keep uninterrupted power interaction between the MVac port and the LVdc port during the fault, thereby improving power supply reliability. Moreover, an improved capacitor voltage balance control and an optimized modulation scheme are developed and included in the uninterrupted operation scheme to maintain the harmonic performance of the ac port. The feasibility and effectiveness of the proposed topology and control are verified by simulation and experimental results.
Abstract 490: Distribution of Oxidized Phospholipids and Lipoprotein-Associated Phospholipase A2 in Plasma, Density Gradient Fractions and Individual Lipoproteins in Patients with Familial Hypercholesterolemia: Effect of LDL Apheresis (2012)

Objectives: Lipoprotein(a)[Lp(a)] is a causal, genetic risk factor for cardiovascular disease(CVD) and is enriched in pro-inflammatory oxidized phospholipids(OxPL) and lipoprotein-associated phospholipase A2(Lp-PLA2). Epidemiologic outcome studies have shown that the OxPL, Lp(a) and Lp-PLA2 collectively mediate additive risk for CVD. Methods: To derive insights into the relationships between Lp(a), OxPL and Lp-PLA2, 18 patients with familial hypercholesterolemia(FH) and Low(<10mg/dl), Intermediate (∼50mg/dl) or High(>100mg/dl) Lp(a) levels on chronic LDL apheresis were evaluated. Twenty-five isopycnic density fractions(density <1.015 to >1.189 g/ml) were isolated from pre and post apheresis plasma(n=50 fractions per patient). OxPL and Lp-PLA2 mass and activity were quantitated with a variety of techniques under 3 conditions: in plasma, in each density fraction with direct plating techniques and on individual lipoproteins within each density fraction by using antibody capture assays to apoB-100(OxPL/apoB and Lp-PLA2/apoB), Lp(a)[OxPL/apo(a) and Lp-PLA2/apo(a)] and apoA-I(OxPL/apoA-I and Lp-PLA2/apoA-I)(total of 900 fractions per measure) and detecting OxPL and Lp-PLA2 with monoclonal antibodies E06 and 4B4, respectively. Results: In whole density gradients by direct plating techniques, OxPL were almost exclusively detected in the Lp(a) containing fractions(density 1.059-1.094 g/ml) and Lp-PLA2 mass and activity were present between the apoB and Lp(a) density fractions. In lipoprotein capture assays, OxPL/apoB and OxPL/apo(a) increased proportionally with increasing Lp(a) levels; Lp-PLA2/apoB and Lp-PLA2/apoA-I levels were highest in patients with Low Lp(a) but decreased proportionally with increasing Lp(a) levels; Lp-PLA2/apo(a) was lowest in patients with Low Lp(a) levels and increased proportionally with increasing Lp(a) levels. LDL apheresis significantly reduces levels of OxPL and Lp-PLA2 on apoB and Lp(a), particularly in patients with high Lp(a) levels Conclusions: This study documents that OxPL are primarily present on Lp(a) and Lp-PLA2 primarily on apoB, but the proportion of each increases on Lp(a) and decreases on apoB as plasma Lp(a) levels increase. These data suggest a pathophysiological relationship between Lp(a), OxPL and Lp-PLA2 and provide a rationale for understanding how they collectively mediate CVD in humans.
A reflectarray antenna in KA band with MEMS control (2004)

A reflectarray antenna is an attractive solution for reconfigurable antennas, for it has both advantages of arrays — beam shaping with fixed antenna — and reflectors — high efficiency single feed. However, to be competitive, it has to present low losses, high reliability, and low cost.
Sensitivity analysis of a biofilm model describing a one‐stage completely autotrophic nitrogen removal (CANON) process (2001)

A mathematical model for nitrification and anaerobic ammonium oxidation (ANAMMOX) processes in a single biofilm reactor (CANON) was developed. This model describes completely autotrophic conversion of ammonium to dinitrogen gas. Aerobic ammonium and nitrite oxidation were modeled together with ANAMMOX. The sensitivity of kinetic constants and biofilm and process parameters to the process performance was evaluated, and the total effluent concentrations were, in general, found to be insensitive to affinity constants. Increasing the amount of biomass by either increasing biofilm thickness and density or decreasing porosity had no significant influence on the total effluent concentrations, provided that a minimum total biomass was present in the reactor. The ANAMMOX process always occurred in the depth of the biofilm provided that the oxygen concentration was limiting. The optimal dissolved oxygen concentration level at which the maximum nitrogen removal occurred is related to a certain ammonium surface load on the biofilm. An ammonium surface load of 2 g N/m2. d, associated with a dissolved oxygen concentration level of 1.3 g O2/m3 in the bulk liquid and with a minimum biofilm depth of 1 mm seems a proper design condition for the one-stage ammonium removal process. Under this condition, the ammonium removal efficiency is 94% (82% for the total nitrogen removal efficiency) (30 degrees C). Better ammonium removal could be achieved with an increase in the dissolved oxygen concentration level, but this would strongly limit the ANAMMOX process and decrease total nitrogen removal. It can be concluded that a one-stage process is probably not optimal if a good nitrogen effluent is required. A two-stage process like the combined SHARON and ANAMMOX process would be advised for complete nitrogen removal.
Scalable Photonic Packet Switch Test-bed for Datacenters (2016)

We demonstrate scaling photonic switch for a datacenter using arrays of fast silicon photonic space switches that are time-slot synchronized, despite the varying distance of interconnected nodes. A low latency scheduling algorithm allows high throughput, with latency comparable to electronic switches.
A digitally controlled AC to DC power conditioner that draws sinusoidal input current (1986)

An ac to dc power conditioner, which draws sinusoidal input current, is described and analyzed. Two control loops are used. The inner quantized-gain current program loop uses variable hysteresis to improve noise immunity. Digital proportional-integral control provides output voltage regulation by adjusting the gain of the current program loop.
Simple torque magnetometer for anisotropy measurements in magnetic thin-film media (1988)

A simple and novel torque magnetometer for the magnetic anisotropy measurements of magnetic thin-film samples is described. A Brookfield LVTD viscometer, normally used in the viscosity measurements of liquids and fluids, is utilized as a torque measuring device. A HP series 310 computer along with the HP 7090 measurement plotting system interfaced to the torque magnetometer perform data acquisition, any calculations required for data correction, and plotting of the torque curves.
Development of micro mirror solar concentrator (2007)

The low cost micro facet solar concentrator is proposed. Large number of small flat mirrors is situated at parabolic surface to approximate large parabolic mirror. Low cost commercial flat mirrors can be used for manufacturing of such concentrator. Geometrical analysis show that this concentrator will have concentration rate of some hundreds suns. Rough estimations show that the cost of the concentrator should be approximately $ 55 per square meter of concentrator surface.