gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Preliminary Investigation of the Use of Air Injection to Mitigate Cavitation Erosion (1995)

This project was initiated as part of a new research and development focus to improve hydropower generation. One aspect of the problem is severe cavitation erosion which is experienced when hydroturbines are operated at best power or in spinning reserve. Air injection has been used successfully to minimize or eliminate cavitation erosion in other applications. Thus, an investigation was initiated to determine whether or not air injection would be an effective solution for turbine erosion problems. A specially instrumented hydrofoil of elliptic planform and a NACA 0015 cross section was tested at flow velocities up to 20 m s–1, at various values of cavitation index. Although pit sizes were measured on a soft aluminum insert, pitting rate was not measured directly but was inferred from direct measurement of impulsive pressures on the surface of the hydrofoil and by monitoring accelerometers mounted at the base of the hydrofoil. Cavitation noise was also measured by a hydrophone positioned in the water tunnel test section. Air was injected through small holes in the leading edge of the foil. Air injection was found to be very effective in minimizing erosion as inferred from all three cavitation erosion detection techniques.
200 MeV Proton Radiography Studies With a Hand Phantom Using a Prototype Proton CT Scanner (2014)

Proton radiography has applications in patient alignment and verification procedures for proton beam radiation therapy. In this paper, we report an experiment which used 200 MeV protons to generate proton energy-loss and scattering radiographs of a hand phantom. The experiment used the first-generation proton computed tomography (CT) scanner prototype, which was installed on the research beam line of the clinical proton synchrotron at Loma Linda University Medical Center. It was found that while both radiographs displayed anatomical details of the hand phantom, the energy-loss radiograph had a noticeably higher resolution. Nonetheless, scattering radiography may yield more contrast between soft and bone tissue than energy-loss radiography, however, this requires further study. This study contributes to the optimization of the performance of the next-generation of clinical proton CT scanners. Furthermore, it demonstrates the potential of proton imaging (proton radiography and CT), which is now within reach of becoming available as a new, potentially low-dose medical imaging modality.
A 200-MHz all-digital QAM modulator and demodulator in 1.2- μm CMOS for digital radio applications (1991)

A 200-MHz universal all-digital quadrature modulator and demodulator are presented for implementing the front-end signal processing functions for high-bit-rate digital radio applications. The modulator chip accepts a pair of 8-b in-phase and quadrature data streams and generates a band-limited IF digital output. The demodulator chip accepts a digitized IF input signal and generates a pair of filtered in-phase and quadrature baseband signals. The modulator and demodulator chips each incorporate matched 40-tap finite-impulse-response (FIR) square-root Nyquist filters and can accommodate symbol rates up to Mbd. The modulator chip can generate any arbitrary signal constellation within a rectangular grid of 256*256 points, thus resulting in a generic chip set suitable for a wide variety of high-bit-rate digital modem designs using various advanced multilevel modulation formats such as M-ary QAM. Both chips were fabricated in a 1.2- mu m CMOS process.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Somatic Mutations of<i>IDH1</i>and<i>IDH2</i>in the Leukemic Transformation of Myeloproliferative Neoplasms (2010)

To the Editor: Somatic mutations affecting the R132 residue of isocitrate dehydrogenase 1 (IDH1) and the homologous IDH2 R172 occur in central nervous system tumors.1,2 Recently (in the Sept. 10 issue of the Journal 3), alterations of IDH1 R132 (in exon 2) were reported in 16 of 188 patients with de novo acute myeloid leukemia, with a strong association with a normal karyotype; however, mutations of IDH2 R172 (in exon 4) were not detected. We sequenced exon 2 of the IDH1 gene and exon 4 of the IDH2 gene in patients with leukemia that had evolved from . . .
Insertional inactivation of binding determinants of <i>Streptococcus crista</i> CC5b using Tn<i>916</i> (1995)

Intermicrobial binding plays an important role in the ecology of the oral cavity because it represents one mechanism by which specific bacteria colonize dental plaque. The formation of "corncobs", a morphologically distinct microbial unit composed of Streptococcus crista and Fusobacterium nucleatum, is a highly specific binding interaction that depends on the presence of polar tufts of fimbriae on the streptococci. We have used a genetic approach to examine the role of streptococcal cell surface components involved in the binding of S. crista to F. nucleatum. Such binding may be an important component of corncob formation. A method for the genetic transformation of S. crista was used to transfer the broad host range transposon, Tn916, into the bacteria. Cells were grown to early log phase in brain heart infusion broth containing 10% fetal calf serum. The competent cells were mixed with purified DNA from pDL916, a plasmid construct consisting of Tn916 and the streptococcal/Escherichia coli shuttle vector pDL278. Over 300 transformants were screened for a reduction in binding to F. nucleatum. Five of the transformants showed a change in binding ranging from 59% to 29% of the positive control values. Southern blots revealed that the binding-deficient transformants contained the Tn916 element integrated into one of 4 different sites in the chromosome. The transposon, integrated into 4 different sites, appeared to be stable in the absence of selective pressure. Based on these findings, it appears that some strains of S. crista are naturally competent and that insertional inactivation methods can be used to facilitate the study of binding receptors in this group of oral streptococci.
The role of sunlight and DNA repair in melanoma and nonmelanoma skin cancer. The xeroderma pigmentosum paradigm (1994)

<h3>Background and Design:</h3> The frequency of melanoma and nonmelanoma skin cancer is increasing rapidly in the United States. However, the linkage of these cancers to sun exposure has been questioned because of differences in anatomic site distribution. To obtain insights into the development of these skin cancers, we examined reports of 132 patients with xeroderma pigmentosum (XP), an inherited cancer-prone, DNA repair—deficient disorder with marked clinical and laboratory UV hypersensitivity. <h3>Results:</h3> Malignant skin neoplasms were present in 70% of the patients with XP at a median age of 8 years, which is 50 years earlier than in the US white population. Fifty-seven percent of the patients had basal cell or squamous cell carcinoma, and 22% had melanoma. The frequency of melanomas, like the frequency of nonmelanoma skin cancers (basal cell and squamous cell carcinomas), anterior eye cancers, and tongue cancers, but unlike that of internal neoplasms, was increased 1000-fold or more in patients with XP who were younger than 20 years. As in the general population, the anatomic distribution of melanomas was different from that of nonmelanomas in the patients with XP. <h3>Conclusions:</h3> These data suggest that (1) DNA repair plays a major role in the prevention of cutaneous cancers in the general population and (2) sunlight exposure is responsible for the induction of melanoma as well as nonmelanoma skin cancer in patients with XP, although acting by different mechanisms for the two types of skin cancer. (Arch Dermatol. 1994;130:1018-1021)
Extracting information from newspaper archives in Africa (2017)

In sub-Saharan Africa, lack of useful information for the public good is one obstacle to the development of public services (public safety, education, healthcare, etc.). This makes the extraction of data from digital archives (e.g., analog sources such as printed newspaper archives and born-digital sources like native PDF) an interesting alternative source of data to increase the amount and diversity of potentially useful information. Printed newspapers contain various multiarticle page layouts, wherein articles in the newspaper are designed to allow readers to define their own reading. The title of an article, the introductory story of the title, and related images are mostly grouped together. However, subsequent paragraphs and images are spread across various pages of the newspaper in a somewhat unpredictable manner. This, together with the poor quality of existing archives, makes the extracting of data from archived newspapers a daunting research problem. To solve these challenges, we present a system that extracts, detects, and clusters articles in newspapers from digital archives (mainly containing scanned newspaper archives from which the information is extracted). Finally, we also describe our proof-of-concept service using the extracted data.
Optimal Short Desired Impulse Response for Maximum Likelihood Sequence Estimation (1977)

In Maximum Likelihood Sequence Estimation, the number of operations per symbol depends critically on the length of the Desired Impulse Response (DIR). In this paper it is shown that a short but complex DIR of length 2 may be sufficient to cope with most severe distortion impairments found in quadrature modulation systems, thus permitting MLSE data decoding at still manageable complexity.
Estudo prospectivo e randomizado comparando solução de fosfato de sódio oral e manitol para o preparo de cólon para colonoscopia (1999)

Realizamos um estudo prospectivo e randomizado comparando a utilização do fosfato de sódio oral e manitol como preparo para colonoscopia. Apresentamos a introdução do fosfato de sódio, em uma das formas nacionais (Fleet Enema), para utilização por via oral. Entre abril de 1996 e abril de 1998, 220 pacientes foram prospectivamente randomizados. A tolerância para ambos os preparos foi similar em relação à maioria dos sintomas estudados, com exceção de sensação de plenitude, cólica ou dor abdominal que ocorreram em maior freqüência com o uso de manitol. A única desvantagem em relação ao fosfato oral foi a má tolerância quanto ao sabor (p=O,O043). A avaliação do endoscopista julgou o preparo como excelente ou bom em 84% dos pacientes que fizeram uso de fosfato de sódio e em 78% dos que tomaram manitol (p=0,76, n.s.), porém o exame foi interrompido por preparo inadequado em oito e em cinco pacientes que fizeram uso de manitol e fosfato de sódio, respectivamente (p=0,56). Não ocorreram, nesta série, lesões iatrogênicas ou morbidade relacionadas com o método ou a sedação. Embora não tenham ocorrido diferenças estatisticamente significantes em relação à qualidade de ambos os preparos, o fosfato de sódio foi o de melhor tolerância, de uma maneira geral, com um número menor de efeitos colaterais.
Retinoic acid counteracts both the downregulation of thrombomodulin and the induction of tissue factor in cultured human endothelial cells exposed to tumor necrosis factor (1992)

Inflammatory cytokines such as tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) shift the hemostatic balance of endothelial cell surfaces in favor of prothrombotic properties by downregulating thrombomodulin (TM) and inducing tissue factor (TF) expression. We investigated the effects of retinoic acid (RA) on the prothrombotic properties of cultured umbilical vein endothelial cells exposed to TNF-alpha. The approximate 50% downregulation of TM antigen and cofactor activity induced by TNF- alpha (10 U/mL for 24 hours) was completely prevented when the cells were coincubated with both TNF-alpha and 10 mumol/L RA. In accordance with changes in cell surface TM antigen levels, the 70% decrease in TM messenger RNA (mRNA) induced by TNF-alpha was also prevented by 10 mumol/L RA. TNF-alpha induced TF activity of lysed cells (100-fold greater than untreated controls), an effect prevented when the cells were coincubated with both the TNF-alpha and 10 mumol/L RA. The 34-fold increase in TF mRNA levels induced by TNF-alpha (10 U/mL for 3 hours) was only two-fold in the presence of both TNF-alpha and RA. The effects of RA on the regulation of TM and TF expression in the cells exposed to TNF-alpha was dose-dependent from 0.01 to 10 mumol/L RA. The present results suggest that RA may affect on the mRNA level to alter TM and TF expression, effectively counteracting expression of prothrombotic properties of endothelial cells induced by inflammatory cytokines such as TNF-alpha.
Dynamics Explorer spacecraft and ground operations systems. (1981)

The Dynamics Explorer program of NASA is designed to study the coupling of energy, electric currents, electric fields, and plasmas between the atmosphere, ionosphere, and the magnetosphere. The program is composed of two well instrumented polar orbiting satellites and ground operations and data handling systems which have been designed to acquire, process, and make readily available to the scientists of the program the data sets necessary for analysis to accomplish the science objectives. These systems are described with emphasis placed on the relationship of the two instrumented spacecraft and the ground systems to their roles in meeting the program requirements. In addition, the characteristics of the orbits selected are specified.
Study Tour Report of the Japan Society of Waste Management Experts. (1991)

日本における廃棄物行政を考える上で海外の動向を知る意味は極めて大きい。廃棄物学会では会則にあるように「国内外の関連学会等の連絡及び協力」「廃棄物に関する学術及び技術資料の収集」を行うため, 国際委員会の計画により平成2年度に2回海外研修視察を行った。第1回研修視察として1990年9月10～14日の期間, 西ドイツのバイロイトで開催された「DIOXIN'90」 (第10回国際ダイオキシン会議) , オランダのアムステルダムで開催された「ENVIRO'90」 (国際環境展) およびISWA (国際廃棄物処理協議会) の年次総会に出席した。第2回研修視察として1990年11月9～17日の期間, 米国のホノルルで開催された第3回環太平洋有害廃棄物研究協議会 (PBC) の研究発表会への参加及び関連施設の見学を行った。今回の海外研究視察は募集の期間が極あて短かったにもかかわらず, 第1回5名, 第2回12名の参加者を得, 日本の廃棄物をめぐる諸問題との相違などを理解, 把握できたよい機会であった。
Monitoring vital signs using early warning scoring systems: a review of the literature (2011)

Recording vital signs is not enough. Patient safety continues to depend on nurses' clinical judgment of deterioration. Resources are needed to validate and evaluate MEWS/EWS systems in context.
Retracted: Performance Analysis of High‐Speed Deep/Shallow Recessed Hybrid Bearing (2014)

DOAJ is a unique and extensive index of diverse open access journals from around the world, driven by a growing community, committed to ensuring quality content is freely available online for everyone.
Method for Measuring Surface Mobility of a Finite Plate Subject to a Uniform Velocity Excitation (2012)

Surface mobility is used to describe the dynamic characteristics of the power transmission over the contact area between two connected structures. Due to the complexity of structures, it is difficult to build analytical models for various structures to calculate surface mobility theoretically. Therefore, without well established theoretical model to apply, the best way is to measure the surface mobility of each structure separately to obtain its dynamic characteristics of the power transmission. This paper proposes a method to experimentally measure the surface mobility over a two-dimensional contact area subject to a uniform velocity excitation. An experimental model of a rectangular thin plate with two opposite simply-supported edges is built up to validate the method. A brass shim is used to simulate the condition of the simply-supported edge. The results show that the method of the measurement derived is practicable and the reason causing the errors of the measurement is also investigated.
The PFA-100<sup>®</sup>: a potential rapid screening tool for the assessment of platelet dysfunction (2002)

The PFA-100 is a device that simulates high shear dependent platelet function in vitro and thus is particularly useful for screening for von Willebrand's disease (VWD). The aim of this study was to assess the overall potential of the PFA-100 as a primary clinical screening tool using the wide spectrum of clinical samples assessed for platelet function within our institution. The PFA-100 test was performed using both collagen/ADP (CADP) and collagen/epinephrine (CEPI) cartridges on samples from 337 patients with a wide variety of haemostatic defects. One hundred and eighty-two patients were defined as having normal platelet function based on classical laboratory tests and von Willebrand factor levels. The overall clinical sensitivity of the PFA-100 for platelet abnormalities (including VWD) was 81% for CADP and 86% for CEPI. The overall specificity was found to be 82% for CADP and 80% for CEPI. When utilizing both cartridges in combination (with both results either higher or lower than the upper cutoff of the normal ranges), the overall false positive and false negative rates were 12% and 6%, respectively. The PFA-100 proved to be sensitive in detecting classical defects by giving prolonged closure times in samples from patients with major platelet function defects (e.g. von Willebrand's disease, Glanzmann's thrombasthenia and Bernard Soulier syndrome). However, there were a small number of false negative results (6%) obtained with various milder platelet defects (e.g. Hermansky Pudlak syndrome, storage pool and release defects, type I VWD and macrothrombocytopenia). The PFA-100 test provides a useful rapid screening tool and should increase the efficiency and reduce the cost of the routine diagnosis of platelet dysfunction.
Inhibition of renalase expression and signaling has antitumor activity in pancreatic cancer (2016)

An essential feature of cancer is dysregulation of cell senescence and death. Renalase, a recently discovered secreted flavoprotein, provides cytoprotection against ischemic and toxic cellular injury by signaling through the PI3K-AKT and MAPK pathways. Here we show that renalase expression is increased in pancreatic cancer tissue and that it functions as a growth factor. In a cohort of patients with pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma, overall survival was inversely correlated with renalase expression in the tumor mass, suggesting a pathogenic role for renalase. Inhibition of renalase signaling using siRNA or inhibitory anti-renalase antibodies decreased the viability of cultured pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma cells. In two xenograft mouse models, either the renalase monoclonal antibody m28-RNLS or shRNA knockdown of renalase inhibited pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma growth. Inhibition of renalase caused tumor cell apoptosis and cell cycle arrest. These results reveal a previously unrecognized role for the renalase in cancer: its expression may serve as a prognostic maker and its inhibition may provide an attractive therapeutic target in pancreatic cancer.
Biexcitonic gain characteristics in ZnSe-based lasers with binary wells (1999)

We present systematic spectroscopic studies of the biexcitonic gain and its transition to electron-hole-plasma gain in ZnSe separate-confinement-heterostructure lasers depending on well width, i.e., biexciton binding energy, excitation density, and temperature. The optical gain curves were obtained by means of the variable-stripe-length method under quasistationary conditions. The low-temperature gain spectra are modeled in the framework of a gas of excitons and biexcitons in chemical equilibrium. Sample-dependent redshifts of the gain curves are discussed and compared to the biexcitonic photoluminescence. At elevated temperatures (70--90 K), a steep increase of the laser threshold density accompanied by a strong broadening of the gain curves indicates a change of the gain process towards recombination of a strongly Coulomb-correlated electron-hole-plasma.
Synthesis of 2-Anilinotropones via Palladium-Catalyzed Amination of 2-Triflatotropone (1999)

[reaction: see text] A series of 2-anilinotropones were synthesized via the palladium-catalyzed cross coupling of 2-triflatotropone and a wide variety of anilines, sterically hindered as well as electron-poor ones.
Binding of the hypoxia tracer [3H]misonidazole in cerebral ischemia. (1987)

Radiolabelled misonidazole, a radiosensitizing drug that binds to viable hypoxic tumor cells, may be useful in identifying hypoxic cells in cerebrovascular disease. Its potential was investigated in the gerbil stroke model. Biodistribution of [3H]misonidazole was measured in normal gerbils and animals that had been subjected to right common carotid artery ligation to produce cerebral ischemia. The uptake of [3H]misonidazole in the right cerebral hemisphere and right/left hemispheral uptake ratios correlated positively with the severity of the stroke when measured 6-9 hours after carotid ligation. Histologic studies in symptomatic ligated animals showed ipsilateral widespread but patchy acute ischemic changes as well as areas that showed no morphological changes. Microscopic autoradiography in these animals showed diffuse heavy labelling only in the ipsilateral hemisphere. This was over areas that had histological damage as well as in adjacent areas that appeared intact. Studies comparing blood flow measured with [14C]iodoantipyrine and [3H]misonidazole retention in gerbils with carotid artery ligations indicated that flow is not a major determinant of retention of this hypoxia tracer. We conclude that a misonidazole congener labelled with a gamma- or positron-emitting isotope may be useful in nuclear imaging of the degree and regional distribution of hypoxic tissue in cerebrovascular disease.
An Efficient Double-Filter Hardware Architecture for H.264/AVC Deblocking Filtering (2008)

In this paper, a novel hardware architecture for real-time implementation of the adaptive deblocking filtering process specified by the H.264/AVC video coding standard, is presented. The deblocking filter is a computationally and data intensive tool resulting in an increased execution time of both the encoding and decoding processes. The proposed architecture is based on a double- filter strategy that results in a significant saving in filtering cycles, memory requirements and gate count when compared with state-of-the-art approaches. The proposed architecture is implemented in synthesizable HDL at RTL level and verified with the reference software. This hardware is designed to be used as part of a complete H.264/A VC video coding system.
Topological analysis of Hin‐catalysed DNA recombination <i>in vivo</i> and <i>in vitro</i> (2003)

In vitro studies have demonstrated that Hin-catalysed site-specific DNA inversion occurs within a tripartite invertasome complex assembled at a branch on a supercoiled DNA molecule. Multiple DNA exchanges within a recombination complex (processive recombination) have been found to occur with particular substrates or reaction conditions. To investigate the mechanistic properties of the Hin recombination reaction in vivo, we have analysed the topology of recombination products generated by Hin catalysis in growing cells. Recombination between wild-type recombination sites in vivo is primarily limited to one exchange. However, processive recombination leading to knotted DNA products is efficient on substrates containing recombination sites with non-identical core nucleotides. Multiple exchanges are limited by a short DNA segment between the Fis-bound enhancer and closest recombination site and by the strength of Fis-Hin interactions, implying that the enhancer normally remains associated with the recombining complex throughout a single exchange reaction, but that release of the enhancer leads to multiple exchanges. This work confirms salient mechanistic aspects of the reaction in vivo and provides strong evidence for the propensity of plectonemically branched DNA in prokaryotic cells. We also demonstrated that a single DNA exchange resulting in inversion in vitro is accompanied by a loss of four negative supercoils.