gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Wastewater treatment control method based on a rule adaptive recurrent fuzzy neural network (2017)

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to present an on-line modeling and controlling scheme based on the dynamic recurrent neural network for wastewater treatment system. Design/methodology/approach A control strategy based on rule adaptive recurrent neural network (RARFNN) is proposed in this paper to control the dissolved oxygen ( D O ) concentration and nitrate nitrogen ( S No ) concentration. The structure of the RARFNN is self-organized by a rule adaptive algorithm, and the rule adaptive algorithm considers the overall information processing ability of neural network. Furthermore, a stability analysis method is given to prove the convergence of the proposed RARFNN. Findings By application in the control problem of wastewater treatment process (WWTP), results show that the proposed control method achieves better performance compared to other methods. Originality/value The proposed on-line modeling and controlling method uses the RARFNN to model and control the dynamic WWTP. The RARFNN can adjust its structure and parameters according to the changes of biochemical reactions and pollutant concentrations. And, the rule adaptive mechanism considers the overall information processing ability judgment of the neural network, which can ensure that the neural network contains the information of the biochemical reactions.
New Adjacent Bis-Tetrahydrofuran Annonaceous Acetogenins from<i>Annona muricata</i> (2003)

Bioactivity-guided fractionation led to the isolation of two new Annonaceous acetogenins, annocatacin A ( 1). and annocatacin B ( 2). from the seeds and the leaves, respectively, of Annona muricata. Compounds 1 and 2 are the first examples where the adjacent bis-tetrahydrofuran ring system is located at C-15. The new structures were elucidated and characterized by spectral and chemical methods. Both Annonaceous acetogenins 1 and 2 showed significant in vitro cytotoxicity toward the human hepatoma cell lines, Hep G2 and 2,2,15, and were compared with the known adjacent bis-tetrahydrofuran acetogenins, neoannonin ( 3). desacetyluvaricin ( 4). bullatacin ( 5). asimicin ( 6). annoglaucin ( 7). squamocin ( 8). and rollimusin ( 9).
Ice Nucleation Activity in Lichens (1988)

A newly discovered form of biological ice nucleus associated with lichens is described. Ice nucleation spectra of a variety of lichens from the southwestern United States were measured by the drop-freezing method. Several epilithic lichen samples of the genera Rhizoplaca, Xanthoparmelia, and Xanthoria had nuclei active at temperatures as warm as -2.3 degrees C and had densities of 2.3 x 10 to more than 1 x 10 nuclei g at -5 degrees C (2 to 4 orders of magnitude higher than any plants infected with ice nucleation-active bacteria). Most lichens tested had nucleation activity above -8 degrees C. Lichen substrates (rocks, plants, and soil) showed negligible activity above -8 degrees C. Ice nucleation-active bacteria were not isolated from the lichens, and activity was not destroyed by heat (70 degrees C) or sonication, indicating that lichen-associated ice nuclei are nonbacterial in origin and differ chemically from previously described biological ice nuclei. An axenic culture of the lichen fungus Rhizoplaca chrysoleuca showed detectable ice nucleation activity at -1.9 degrees C and an ice nucleation density of 4.5 x 10 nuclei g at -5 degrees C. It is hypothesized that these lichens, which are both frost tolerant and dependent on atmospheric moisture, derive benefit in the form of increased moisture deposition as a result of ice nucleation.
Production of metastable singlet oxygen in the reaction of nitric oxide with active oxygen (2008)

Predictive modeling of the performance of EOIL laser systems must address the kinetics of the active oxygen flow, including the production of O<sub>3</sub> from recombination of O and O<sub>2</sub>, and the effects of NO as an additive to remove O and promote O<sub>2</sub>(a) formation. This paper describes experimental measurements of the reaction kinetics for active-oxygen flows generated by microwave discharge of O<sub>2</sub>/He mixtures at 3 to 10 torr. The concentrations of O<sub>2</sub>(a<sup>1</sup>Δ), O, and O<sub>3</sub> were directly measured as functions of reaction time in a discharge-flow reactor. Both the O removal rate and the O<sub>3</sub> production rate were observed to be significantly lower than expected from the widely accepted three-body recombination mechanism for O<sub>3</sub> production, indicating the existence of a previously unknown O<sub>3</sub> dissociation reaction. Addition of NO to the flow well downstream of the discharge resulted in readily detectable production of O<sub>2</sub>(a) in addition to that generated by the discharge. The observed O2(a) production rates were remarkably insensitive to variations in total pressure, O<sub>2</sub> concentration, and NO concentration over the ranges investigated. The mechanism for this O<sub>2</sub>(a) production remains to be identified, however it appears to involve a hitherto undetected, metastable, energetic species produced in the active-oxygen flow.
Hsp90 activator Aha1 drives production of pathological tau aggregates (2017)

The microtubule-associated protein tau (MAPT, tau) forms neurotoxic aggregates that promote cognitive deficits in tauopathies, the most common of which is Alzheimer's disease (AD). The 90-kDa heat shock protein (Hsp90) chaperone system affects the accumulation of these toxic tau species, which can be modulated with Hsp90 inhibitors. However, many Hsp90 inhibitors are not blood-brain barrier-permeable, and several present associated toxicities. Here, we find that the cochaperone, activator of Hsp90 ATPase homolog 1 (Aha1), dramatically increased the production of aggregated tau. Treatment with an Aha1 inhibitor, KU-177, dramatically reduced the accumulation of insoluble tau. Aha1 colocalized with tau pathology in human brain tissue, and this association positively correlated with AD progression. Aha1 overexpression in the rTg4510 tau transgenic mouse model promoted insoluble and oligomeric tau accumulation leading to a physiological deficit in cognitive function. Overall, these data demonstrate that Aha1 contributes to tau fibril formation and neurotoxicity through Hsp90. This suggests that therapeutics targeting Aha1 may reduce toxic tau oligomers and slow or prevent neurodegenerative disease progression.
Two-mode photonic crystal fibers (2005)

Index-guiding photonic crystal fibers with appropriate structural parameters support the fundamental and second order modes over a practically infinite wavelength range. The polarization principal axes and mode field patterns of the modes can be made stable by having different size air-holes along the orthogonal directions. The potential applications of such two-mode PCFs are discussed.
Robust transmission of JPEG2000 codestreams over packet erasure channels (2004)

In this paper, a robust image transmission scheme based on JPEG2000 is proposed for packet erasure channels. Error resilience functionalities provided by JPEG2000 are utilized to control the source coding efficiency and the robustness according to channel conditions. Furthermore, together with the proposed interleaving scheme, some erasures can be recovered. Experimental results show the effectiveness of the scheme.
Size-selective sampling of particulates using a physiologic sampling pump (2011)

Recent laboratory research indicates physiologic sampling of gas and vapor may provide more representative estimates of personal exposures than traditional methods. Modifications to the physiologic sampling pump (PSP) used in that research are described which extend its usefulness to size-selective sampling of particulates. PSPs used in previous research varied motor speed to keep sampling proportional to the subject's inhalation. This caused airflow and particle velocities through the collection device to continually change making those pumps unsuitable for sampling particulates. The modified implementation of the PSP pulls a constant airflow into and through a cyclone, then uses valves to either direct the airflow through, or divert the airflow around, the sampling filter. By using physiologic inputs to regulate the fraction of each second that air flows through the sampling filter, samples may be collected in proportion to inhalation rate. To evaluate the performance of a functional prototype 5 different sizes of monodisperse aerosols of ammonium fluorescein were generated by a vibrating orifice aerosol generator and introduced into a calm air chamber. To simulate different inhalation rates the valves of the PSP were energized using 9 different duty cycles. Efficiency curves are presented and compared to a standard respirable convention by bias mapping. The performance of the modified cyclone used in the PSP sampling head compared favorably with a commercially available cyclone of the same model, operating at a constant airflow (± 10% over almost all the size distributions of concern). The new method makes physiologic sampling of the respirable fraction of particulates feasible.
45.1: <i>Invited Paper</i> : Advanced Polarizer Film for Improved Performance of Liquid Crystal Displays (2006)

Abstract A multilayer birefringent reflective polarizer film is described. This film has high refractive index difference between the birefringent and isotropic layers in the stretch direction and substantially matched indices in the remaining orthogonal axes. The film has high polarizing efficiency, excellent color uniformity and is thinner than conventional reflective polarizers.
DNA sequence analysis of newly formed telomeres in yeast. (1989)

A plasmid can be maintained in linear form in baker's yeast if it bears telomeric sequences at each end. Linear plasmids bearing cloned telomeric C4A4 repeats at one end (test end) and a natural DNA terminus with approximately 300 bps of C4A2 repeats at the other or control end were introduced by transformation into yeast. Test-end termini of 28 to 112 bps supported telomere formation. During telomere formation, C4A2 repeats were often transferred to test-end termini. To determine in greater detail the fate of test-end sequences on these plasmids after propagation in yeast, test-end telomeres were subcloned into E. coli and sequenced. DNA sequencing established a number of points about the molecular events involved in telomere formation in yeast. The results suggest that there are at least two mechanisms for telomere formation in yeast. One is mediated by a recombination event that requires neither a long stretch of homology nor the RAD52 gene product. The other mechanism is by addition of C1-3A repeats to the termini of linear DNA molecules. The telomeric sequence required to support C1-3A addition need not be at the very end of a molecule for telomere formation.
High frequency electronic ballast provides line frequency lamp current (2001)

Most electronic ballasts for fluorescent lamps provide a sinusoidal lamp current at the switching frequency. The high-frequency current flowing through the lamp can generate significant radiated noise, which is unacceptable in noise-sensitive applications, such as fluorescent lights in airplanes. Using shielded enclosures for the lamps may solve the problem, but it is expensive. A discontinuous conduction mode (DCM) electronic ballast topology is presented which drives the lamp with line frequency current, just like a magnetic ballast. However, compared to a magnetic ballast, its weight is substantially reduced due to operation at 40 kHz switching frequency. The topology also ensures unity power factor at the input and stable lamp operation at the output.
Blue-green II–VI laser diodes (1991)

Modern epitaxial growth techniques, such as molecular beam epitaxy (MBE) and metalorganic chemical vapor deposition (MOCVD), now allow device quality undoped and n -type ZnSe layers to be grown routinely, typically on GaAs substrates. In addition, low resistivity p -type ZnSe has been demonstrated using Li and N (NH 3 ) dopants, (for example, Refs. 1–5). For a time, there seemed to be an upper limit on the attainable net acceptor concentration (N A -N D ) of about 10 17 cm -3 . Recently, however, significantly higher N A -N D has been achieved in ZnSe:N grown by MBE using nitrogen free radicals produced by an rf plasma source. Thus far, the largest net acceptor concentration in ZnSe layers using this doping technique is 1.0 × 10 18 cm -3 , which is an order of magnitude greater than that ever obtained in Li-doped samples. Using these technologies, rudimentary blue light emitting diodes (LEDs) have been reported by several laboratories. Here we present what we believe is the first demonstration of diode lasers fabricated from wide band gap II–VI materials. These devices emit coherent light at 490 run (blue-green) from a ZnSe-based single quantum well structure under pulsed current injection at 77 K. Details of structure, output, and typical optical spectra are presented.
Laser scanning microscopes (1988)

Laser scanning microscopes are divided into two groups based on the scanning method. One is a mechanical scanning-type microscope characterized by the mechanical movement of a specimen and the second is a beam deflection-type microscope in which a focused laser beam scans a specimen, in recent years, the beam deflection-type microscope has been extensively developed for its superior scanning speed. In this type of microscope, a polygon mirror, a galvanometer mirror, or an acoustooptic deflector (AOD) is usually used as a deflector and a scanner. We have developed microscopes using galvanometer mirrors and AODs. The microscope with galvanometer mirrors is versatile. On the other hand, the microscope with AODs is distinguished by high-speed scanning enabling real-time imaging. Figure 1 shows a block diagram of the microscope with the galvanometer mirrors.
The integrated satellite-acoustic telemetry (iSAT) system for tracking marine megafauna (2012)

This document describes the integrated satellite-acoustic telemetry (iSAT) system: an autonomous modular system for tracking the movements of large pelagic fish using acoustic telemetry and satellite communications. The sensor platform is described along with the propulsion and navigation systems. An application for tracking the whale shark (Rhincodon typus) in the Red Sea is included along with a discussion of the technical difficulties that such a system faces.
Endometrial fluid is a specific and non-invasive biological sample for protein biomarker identification in endometriosis (2008)

Endometrial fluid represents a novel sample for proteomic analysis offering reliable, disease specific information on protein expression, facilitating the discovery of biomarkers for endometriosis. The results described here complement previous proteomic studies, providing new endometriosis-related proteins to be validated as diagnostic markers.
A Practical Synthesis of 5′‐(4′‐Methylbiphenyl‐2‐yl)‐1H‐tetrazole. (2007)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
New frontiers of atomic layer etching (2018)

Interest in atomic layer etching (ALE) has surged recently because it offers several advantages over continuous or quasicontinuous plasma etching. These benefits include (1) independent control of ion energy, ion flux, and radical flux, (2) flux-independent etch rate that mitigates the iso-dense loading effects, and (3) ability to control the etch rate with atomic or nanoscale precision. In addition to these benefits, we demonstrate an area-selective etching for maskless lithography as a new frontier of ALE. In this paper, area-selective etching refers to the confinement of etching into the specific areas of the substrate. The concept of area-selective etching originated during our studies on quasi-ALE of silicon nitride which consists of sequential exposure of silicon nitride to hydrogen and fluorinated plasma. The findings of our studies reported in this paper suggest that it may be possible to confine the etching into specific areas of silicon nitride without using any mask by replacing conventional hydrogen plasma with a localized source of hydrogen ions.
Polarization memory effect and visibility improvement of targets in turbid media (2007)

The backscattering of circularly polarized (CP) light has been investigated using experiments and an analytical cumulant solution of the vector radiative transfer equation. The expression of the exact spatial cumulants of light distribution function has been derived. Both experimental and theoretical studies show that the helicity of the incident circular polarization is maintained in the light backscattered from large particle suspensions. Reflection from an embedded target inside the turbid medium reverses the helicity of the incident circular polarization. Polarization memory imaging makes use of this difference in helicity between light reflected from the target and that from the scattering medium and significantly enhances the image contrast by selecting out the circularly cross-polarized light. We experimentally demonstrate the superior image quality for target inside large polystyrene particle suspensions in water.
Silicon Carbide-Based Extreme Environment Hybrid Design Temperature Sensor Using Optical Pyrometry and Laser Interferometry (2010)

To the best of the authors' knowledge, proposed and demonstrated is the first extreme environment temperature sensor using Blackbody (BB) radiation of a high-temperature material optical chip for coarse temperature measurement and classical Fabry-Perot (FP) laser interferometry via the same chip for fine temperature measurement. Such a hybrid design sensor can be used to accurately measure temperatures in excess of 750°C such as needed for gas turbines in power plants and aircraft engines. The proposed sensor is designed and demonstrated using an all-Silicon Carbide (SiC) probe for temperatures from 795°C to 1077°C with an estimated average measurement resolution of 0.1°C.
Multi-modal object of interest detection using eye gaze and RGB-D cameras (2012)

This paper presents a low-cost, wearable headset for mobile 3D Point of Gaze (PoG) estimation in assistive applications. The device consists of an eye tracking camera and forward facing RGB-D scene camera which are able to provide an estimate of the user gaze vector and its intersection with a 3D point in space. A computational approach that considers object 3D information and visual appearance together with the visual gaze interactions of the user is also given to demonstrate the utility of the device. The resulting system is able to identify, in real-time, known objects within a scene that intersect with the user gaze vector.
Ricochet: lateral error correction for time-critical multicast (2007)

Ricochet is a low-latency reliable multicast protocol designed for time-critical clustered applications. It uses IP Multicast to transmit data and recovers from packet loss in end-hosts using Lateral Error Correction (LEC), a novel repair mechanism involving the exchange of XOR repairs between receivers and across groups. In datacenters and clusters, application needs frequently dictate large numbers of fine-grained overlapping multicast groups. Existing multicast reliability schemes scale poorly in such settings, providing latency of packet recovery that depends inversely on the data rate within a single group- the lower the data rate, the longer it takes to recover lost packets. LEC is insensitive to the rate of data in any one group and allows each node to split its bandwidth between hundreds to thousands of fine-grained multicast groups without sacrificing timely packet recovery. As a result, Ricochet provides developers with a scalable, reliable and fast multicast primitive to layer under high-level abstractions such as publish-subscribe, group communication and replicated service/object infrastructures. We evaluate Ricochet on a 64-node cluster, showing that it scales up to 1024 groups per node while recovering more than 97 % of lost packets at an average of 25 milliseconds, with 1 % loss rate. 1.
Wnt3a signaling within bone inhibits multiple myeloma bone disease and tumor growth (2008)

Canonical Wnt signaling is central to normal bone homeostasis, and secretion of Wnt signaling inhibitors by multiple myeloma (MM) cells contributes to MM-related bone resorption and disease progression. The aim of this study was to test the effect of Wnt3a on bone disease and growth of MM cells in vitro and in vivo. Although Wnt3a activated canonical signaling in the majority of MM cell lines and primary cells tested, Wnt3a had no effect on MM cell growth in vitro. Moreover, forced expression of Wnt3a in H929 MM cells conferred no growth advantage over empty vector-transfected cells in vitro or importantly when grown subcutaneously in severe combined immunodeficient (SCID) mice. Importantly, although H929 cells stably expressing an empty vector injected into human bone grew rapidly and induced a marked reduction in bone mineral density, bones engrafted with Wnt3a-expressing H929 cells were preserved, exhibited increased osteoblast-to-osteoclast ratios, and reduced tumor burden. Likewise, treatment of myelomatous SCID-hu mice, carrying primary disease, with recombinant Wnt3a stimulated bone formation and attenuated MM growth. These results provide further support of the potential anabolic and anti-MM effects of enhancing Wnt signaling in the bone.
View Adaptive Recurrent Neural Networks for High Performance Human Action Recognition from Skeleton Data (2017)

Skeleton-based human action recognition has recently attracted increasing attention due to the popularity of 3D skeleton data. One main challenge lies in the large view variations in captured human actions. We propose a novel view adaptation scheme to automatically regulate observation viewpoints during the occurrence of an action. Rather than re-positioning the skeletons based on a human defined prior criterion, we design a view adaptive recurrent neural network (RNN) with LSTM architecture, which enables the network itself to adapt to the most suitable observation viewpoints from end to end. Extensive experiment analyses show that the proposed view adaptive RNN model strives to (1) transform the skeletons of various views to much more consistent viewpoints and (2) maintain the continuity of the action rather than transforming every frame to the same position with the same body orientation. Our model achieves significant improvement over the state-of-the-art approaches on three benchmark datasets.
Energy-efficient device-to-device MIMO underlay network with interference constraints (2012)

Current interest is centered on non-orthogonal resource sharing between device-to-device (D2D) and cellular user equipments (C-UEs) that share the same frequency band, which then requires careful interference management techniques to avoid degrading the quality-of-service of the C-UEs. This work proposes an improved paradigm named device-to-multidevice (D2MD) communications, where a transmitting device communicates simultaneously with multiple receiving devices in an energy-efficient manner, and the underlay communication is augmented with the use of multiple transmit and receive antennas. Due to the difficulty of acquiring channel state information (CSI) of the C-UEs, we also present an enhanced D2MD scheme that does not require explicit feedback of CSI matrices from the C-UEs and/or D2MD receivers. Numerical simulations are presented to verify the efficacy of D2MD underlay transmission under a variety of CSI assumptions.