gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Simultaneous machine translation with visual context (2020)

Simultaneous machine translation (SiMT) aims to translate a continuous input text stream into another language with the lowest latency and highest quality possible. The translation thus has to start with an incomplete source text, which is read progressively, creating the need for anticipation. In this paper, we seek to understand whether the addition of visual information can compensate for the missing source context. To this end, we analyse the impact of different multimodal approaches and visual features on state-of-the-art SiMT frameworks. Our results show that visual context is helpful and that visually-grounded models based on explicit object region information are much better than commonly used global features, reaching up to 3 BLEU points improvement under low latency scenarios. Our qualitative analysis illustrates cases where only the multimodal systems are able to translate correctly from English into gender-marked languages, as well as deal with differences in word order, such as adjective-noun placement between English and French.
High Resolution Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectra with a Quadrupole Mass Filter (1996)

An inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometer (ICP-MS) system is described in which the quadrupole mass filter can be operated conventionally or in the "second' stability region (with Mathieu parameters q=7.547, a=0.0295). With operation in the second region a resolution at half-height (R1/2) of up to 9000 can be achieved at m/z=55. At R1/2=5000, a resolution sufficient to separate atomic ions from common molecular ion interferences (such 56Fe+ and 40Ar16O+), the sensitivity is ca. 106 ions s−1 per μg mL−1 of element in solution. This sensitivity is comparable to that of current sector ICP-MS systems operated at the same resolution. When the quadrupole is operated in the first stability region, the sensitivity is ca. 108 ions s−1 per μg mL−1 of element in solution. The continuum background is high, ca 1000 s−1, but no attempts have yet been made to reduce this. The results suggest that with continued development, a high resolution quadrupole ICP-MS system will be possible.
Invertebrate Models of Alzheimer's Disease (2012)

A majority of the genes linked to human disease belong to evolutionarily conserved pathways found in simpler organisms, such as Caenorhabditis elegans and Drosophila melanogaster. The genes and pathways of these simple organisms can be genetically and pharmacologically manipulated to better understand the function of their orthologs in vivo, and how these genes are involved in the pathogenesis of different diseases. Often these manipulations can be performed much more rapidly in flies and worms than in mammals, and can generate high quality in vivo data that is translatable to mammalian systems. Other qualities also make these organisms particularly well suited to the study of human disease. For example, developing in vivo disease models can help illuminate the basic mechanisms underlying disease, as in vitro studies do not always provide the natural physiological complexity associated with many diseases. Invertebrate models are relatively inexpensive, easy to work with, have short lifespans, and often have very well characterized and stereotypical development and behavior. This is particularly true for the two invertebrate model organisms that this review will focus on: Caenorhabditis elegans and Drosophila melanogaster. In this review, we will first describe an overview of modeling Alzheimer's disease in flies and worms, and will then highlight some of the more recent advances that these "simple" animals have contributed to our understanding of Alzheimer's disease in recent years.
A 7.6 mW, 414 fs RMS-Jitter 10 GHz Phase-Locked Loop for a 40 Gb/s Serial Link Transmitter Based on a Two-Stage Ring Oscillator in 65 nm CMOS (2016)

This paper describes the design of a 10 GHz phase-locked loop (PLL) for a 40 Gb/s serial link transmitter (TX). A two-stage ring oscillator is used to provide a four-phase, 10 GHz clock for a quarter-rate TX. Several analyses and verification techniques, ranging from the clocking architectures for a 40 Gb/s TX to oscillation failures in a two-stage ring oscillator, are addressed in this paper. A tri-state-inverter-based frequency-divider and an AC-coupled clock-buffer are used for high-speed operations with minimal power and area overheads. The proposed 10 GHz PLL fabricated in the 65 nm CMOS technology occupies an active area of 0.009 mm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> with an integrated-RMS-jitter of 414 fs from 10 kHz to 100 MHz while consuming 7.6 mW from a 1.2-V supply. The resulting figure-of-merit is -238.8 dB, which surpasses that of the state-of-the-art ring-PLLs by 4 dB.
Optronic line scanning remote sensing for initial detection of land mines (1996)

The authors discuss the mine threat to be detected, the environmental factors which may affect the detection and the various functions needed for mine disposal. They then describe the optronic line scanning method. A line scanner scans laterally, i.e. transversally, only a line or a limited group of lines and needs the movement of the platform to perform scanning in the other longitudinal direction. Scanning is performed either opto-mechanically thanks to a rotating mirror or electronically by means of large linear arrays of photodetectors with integration, possibly time delay, and CCD read-out. The advantage is to avoid the redundancy of scanning the scene. The authors describe the CRECERELLE French Army UAV system comprising a CYCLOPE sensing suite of 2 line scanners. A first one operates in the visible spectral bandwidth while the second in the long wave infrared (8 to 12 microns).
An Engineering Design of 4-bit Special Purpose Microprogrammed Processor (2013)

This work is a complementary part for what we proposed in [1]. In this paper, an undergraduate design experience for special purpose 4-bit microprocessor using the skills learned from digital logic design and Microprocessors courses is presented. The experience started in [1] by designing the ALU using the hardware printed circuit board and we are following it by completing the design by the instruction set architecture and the microprogram code. Our microprocessor contains – in addition to the ALU- six registers: A 4-bit accumulator register, Flag register that holds only zero (Z) and carry (C) flags, Program counter register (PC), Memory address register (MAR), Instruction register (IR), and Buffer Register. All programs and data are stored in the 1k RAM.
Analysis of influencing factors of dewatering effects of horizontal scraper centrifuge (2014)

Take the product moisture and centrifugal liquid concentration as evaluation index,based on the research on production testing data of TEMA H1000 horizontal scraper centrifuge in China coal Pingshuo energy Co Ltd coal preparation plant,analyzed the factors of feeding concentration,particle size composition,gap between basket and blade,basket aperture,and separation factor which influencing the dewatering effect of centrifuge,and also analyzed its application effect in the plant,so that look forward to provide reference to production management of coal preparation plant using same type of equipment.
Evaluation of the antidepressant- and anxiolytic-like effects of a hydrophilic extract from the green seaweed <i>Ulva</i> sp<i>.</i> in rats (2017)

MSP may potentially represent a good adjunct or alternative to existing antidepressant therapeutics. Further studies are necessary to confirm the mechanism of action of MSP and its modulation of brain functioning.
Discovery of P2X<sub>7</sub> receptor‐selective antagonists offers new insights into P2X<sub>7</sub> receptor function and indicates a role in chronic pain states (2007)

ATP-sensitive P2X(7) receptors are localized on cells of immunological origin including peripheral macrophages and glial cells in the CNS. Activation of P2X(7) receptors leads to rapid changes in intracellular calcium concentrations, release of the proinflammatory cytokine interleukin-1beta and following prolonged agonist exposure, the formation of cytolytic pores in plasma membranes. Both the localization and functional consequences of P2X(7) receptor activation indicate a role in inflammatory processes. The phenotype of P2X(7) receptor gene-disrupted mice also indicates that P2X(7) receptor activation contributes to ongoing inflammation. More recently, P2X(7) receptor knockout data has also suggested a specific role in inflammatory and neuropathic pain states. The recent discovery of potent and highly selective antagonists for P2X(7) receptors has helped to further clarify P2X receptor pharmacology, expanded understanding of P2X(7) receptor signaling, and offers new evidence that P2X(7) receptors play a specific role in nociceptive signaling in chronic pain states. In this review, we incorporate the recent discoveries of novel P2X(7) receptor-selective antagonists with a brief update on P2X(7) receptor pharmacology and its therapeutic potential.
Bacteriophage lambda DNA packaging: scanning for the terminal cohesive end site during packaging. (1982)

Bacteriophage lambda packages the DNA of the related phage 21 poorly [Hohn, B. (1975) J. Mol. Biol. 98, 93--106]. To understand the nature of the packaging defect, the interaction of the cohesive end site (cos) specific for phage 21 (cos phi 21) with phage lambda terminase has been investigated. The ability of lambda terminase to cleave cos phi 21 was studied in vitro; lambda terminase cleaved cos phi 21 only 1% as well as it cleaved the phage lambda cohesive end site (cos lambda). In vitro packaging experiments showed that the lambda and 21 packaging specificities observed in vivo are also found in vitro. The cos cleavage reaction was modified so that competition experiments could be performed; these experiments showed that cos phi 21 was unable to bind lambda terminase, thus identifying the nature of the defect. Previous work [Feiss, M., Fisher, R. A., Siegele, D. A., Nichols, B. P. & Donelson, J. E. (1979) Virology 92, 56--67] has shown that the base pairs giving lambda or 21 packaging specificity are at the left end of the chromosome, outside the 22-base-pair symmetry region that includes the annealed cohesive ends. Therefore, terminase binding to cos requires interactions with base pairs to the Nu1 side of the cohesive end symmetry segment. The evidence supports the proposition that cos consists of adjacent sites for binding of terminase and for nicking by terminase. Because cos phi 21 can be cut by lambda terminase to terminate DNA packaging, it is proposed that the terminase that binds and nicks at the initial cos site is brought into contact with the terminal cos site by the packaging process. Terminase recognizes and nicks the cohesive end sequence of the terminal cos without requiring the binding site.
Development of an aluminum nitride-silicon carbide material set for high-temperature sensor applications (2014)

A number of important energy and defense-related applications would benefit from sensors capable of withstanding extreme temperatures (>300°C). Examples include sensors for automobile engines, gas turbines, nuclear and coal power plants, and petroleum and geothermal well drilling. Military applications, such as hypersonic flight research, would also benefit from sensors capable of 1000°C. Silicon carbide (SiC) has long been recognized as a promising material for harsh environment sensors and electronics because it has the highest mechanical strength of semiconductors with the exception of diamond and its upper temperature limit exceeds 2500°C, where it sublimates rather than melts. Yet today, many advanced SiC MEMS are limited to lower temperatures because they are made from SiC films deposited on silicon wafers. Other limitations arise from sensor transduction by measuring changes in capacitance or resistance, which require biasing or modulation schemes that can with- stand elevated temperatures. We are circumventing these issues by developing sensing structures directly on SiC wafers using SiC and piezoelectric aluminum nitride (AlN) thin films. SiC and AlN are a promising material combination due to their high thermal, electrical, and mechanical strength and closely matched coefficients of thermal expansion. AlN is also a non-ferroelectric piezoelectric material, enabling piezoelectric transduction at temperatures exceeding 1000°C. In this paper, the challenges of incorporating these two materials into a compatible MEMS fabrication process are presented. The current progress and initial measurements of the fabrication process are shown. The future direction and the need for further investigation of the material set are addressed.
<title>Efficient coding for a two-dimensional runlength-limited constraint</title> (1999)

Runlength-limited (d,k) constraints and codes are widely used in digital data recording and transmission applications. Generalizations of runlength constraints to two dimension are of potential interest in page-oriented information storage systems. However, in contrast to the one-dimensional case, little is known about the information-theoretic properties of two-dimensional constraints or the design of practical, efficient codes for them. In this paper, we consider coding schemes that map unconstrained binary sequences into two- dimensional, runlength-limited (d, (infinity) ) constrained binary arrays, in which 1's are followed by at least d 0's in both the horizontal and vertical dimensions. We review the derivation of a lower bound on the capacity of two-dimensional (d, (infinity) ) constraints, for d greater than or equal to 1, obtained by bounding the average information rate of a variable-to-fixed rate encoding scheme, based upon a 'bit- stuffing' technique. For the special case of the two- dimensional (1, (infinity) ) constraint, upper and lower bounds on the capacity that are very close to being tight are known. For this constraint, we determine the exact average information rate of the bit-stuffing encoder, which turns out to be within 1% of the capacity of the constraint. We then present a fixed- rate, row-by-row encoding scheme for the two-dimensional (1, (infinity) ) constraint, somewhat akin to permutation coding, in which the rows of the code arrays represent 'typical' rows for the constraint. It is shown that, for sufficiently long rows, the rate of this encoding technique can almost achieve that of the variable-rate, bit-stuffing scheme.© (1999) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.
The influence of whole boule annealing on the properties of semi-insulating indium phosphide (2003)

We have examined the effects of whole boule annealing on the properties of Fe-doped InP crystals grows by the Liquid Encapsulated Czochralski (LEC) process. The crystals were annealed at 750/spl deg/C-950/spl deg/C for periods of 6-24 hours. A polarized infrared macrograph system showed that annealing was effective in reducing the residual stress in the crystals. Higher temperatures were more effective in stress reduction. A balance between time and temperature must be considered to optimize the electrical properties. Electrical measurements by the van der Pauw technique showed that both resistivity and mobility were increased and more uniform after annealing at 950/spl deg/C for 6 hours. Low temperature FTIR analysis of samples from the ingots annealed at 850/spl deg/C for 6 hours showed that the concentration of the V/sub In/-H/sub 4/ complex was uniformly distributed throughout the InP at a level of approximately 1.6/spl times/10/sup 15//cm/sup 3/.
RSDNet: Learning to Predict Remaining Surgery Duration from Laparoscopic Videos Without Manual Annotations (2018)

Accurate surgery duration estimation is necessary for optimal OR planning, which plays an important role in patient comfort and safety as well as resource optimization. It is, however, challenging to preoperatively predict surgery duration since it varies significantly depending on the patient condition, surgeon skills, and intraoperative situation. In this paper, we propose a deep learning pipeline, referred to as RSDNet, which automatically estimates the remaining surgery duration (RSD) intraoperatively by using only visual information from laparoscopic videos. The previous state-of-the-art approaches for RSD prediction are dependent on manual annotation, whose generation requires expensive expert knowledge and is time-consuming, especially considering the numerous types of surgeries performed in a hospital and the large number of laparoscopic videos available. A crucial feature of RSDNet is that it does not depend on any manual annotation during training, making it easily scalable to many kinds of surgeries. The generalizability of our approach is demonstrated by testing the pipeline on two large datasets containing different types of surgeries: 120 cholecystectomy and 170 gastric bypass videos. The experimental results also show that the proposed network significantly outperforms a traditional method of estimating RSD without utilizing manual annotation. Further, this paper provides a deeper insight into the deep learning network through visualization and interpretation of the features that are automatically learned.
Improved method for obtaining streptomycin-dependent mutants from Pasteurella multocida and Pasteurella haemolytica, using N-methyl-N'-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine. (1979)

N-Methyl-N'-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine was used in a modified and improved procedure to obtain streptomycin-dependent mutants of type A Pasteurella multocida and type 1 Pasteurella haemolytica. The relative virulence of these mutants was determined by mouse inoculation with and without streptomycin.
Security mechanism independence in ONC RPC (1996)

Generic Security Services API (GSS-API) [4] provides a framework for security services. It allows source level portability. It allows applications to run independently of the underlying security mechanisms and technologies.

To provide security mechanism independence in ONC RPC [1, 2, 3], this paper proposes a new security flavor, RPCSEC_GSS. RPCSEC_GSS incorporates services offered by the GSS-API into ONC RPC. Using the programming interface for the RPCSEC_GSS flavor, ONC RPC applications can specify a GSS-API security mechanism to be used with an RPC session, and also request security services, such as integrity and privacy.
Visual control of arm movement in Parkinson's disease (1994)

Patients with Parkinson's disease (PD) are more dependent on visual information during movements than normals. To investigate the mechanisms underlying deterioration of movement under nonvisual conditions, we studied two-dimensional pointing movements to randomly occurring targets. The experimental design allowed us to systematically manipulate visual feedback during the movement by removing vision of the target, of the moving hand, or of both. Execution of pointing movements in PD deviated most severely from that of normals when PD patients moved without vision of their own moving hand. Under this condition, undershooting of the target appeared, and movements were particularly slow. In contrast, with complete vision or when only vision of the target was occluded, pointing movements of PD patients were accurate and faster. PD patients had no difficulties selecting the correct movement direction. Reaction times were longer in PD patients irrespective of the availability of visual feedback. Our findings suggest that the ability of PD patients to use nonvisual feedback during execution of arm movements is impaired.
Predictors of completion of a hepatitis B vaccination schedule in attendees at a primary health care centre (2007)

Implementation of an accelerated vaccination schedule improved completion rates but they were still low, despite the provision of free vaccination in a service specifically targeting the needs of sex workers, IDU and other marginalised populations. Increasing HBV vaccine uptake and completion rates in Australian adults is an important public health issue not only for the prevention of HBV but also for the future application of other potential vaccines, including those against HIV and hepatitis C.
Spectral phase interferometry for direct electric-field reconstruction of ultrashort optical pulses (1998)

We present a novel, self-referencing interferometric technique for measuring the amplitude and the phase of ultrashort optical pulses. The apparatus uses a collinear geometry that requires no moving components. The phase-retrieval procedure is noniterative and rapid and uses only two one-dimensional Fourier transforms. We apply the technique to characterize ultrashort pulses from a mode-locked Ti:sapphire oscillator.
Status of vaccine research and development of vaccines for malaria (2016)

Despite recent progress in reducing deaths attributable to malaria, it continues to claim approximately 500,000 lives per year and is associated with approximately 200 million infections. New tools, including safe and effective vaccines, are needed to ensure that the gains of the last 15 years are leveraged toward achieving the ultimate goal of malaria parasite eradication. In 2015, the European Medicines Agency announced the adoption of a positive opinion for the malaria vaccine candidate most advanced in development, RTS,S/AS01, which provides modest protection against clinical malaria; in early 2016, WHO recommended large-scale pilot implementations of RTS,S in settings of moderate-to-high malaria transmission. In alignment with these advancements, the community goals and preferred product characteristics for next-generation vaccines have been updated to inform the development of vaccines that are highly efficacious in preventing clinical malaria, and those needed to accelerate parasite elimination. Next-generation vaccines, targeting all stages of the parasite lifecycle, are in early-stage development with the most advanced in Phase 2 trials. Importantly, progress is being made in the definition of feasible regulatory pathways to accelerate timelines, including for vaccines designed to interrupt transmission of parasites from humans to mosquitoes. The continued absence of financially lucrative, high-income markets to drive investment in malaria vaccine development points to continued heavy reliance on public and philanthropic funding.
The optimization of perceptually-based features for speaker identification (2003)

Results of an experimental study and the optimization of features for a conventional vector-quantization codebook-based automatic speaker identification (ASI) system are presented. Standard LPC (linear predictive coding) and a perceptually weighted feature termed PLP (perceptually based linear prediction) are compared using appropriate distance measures, namely, the log-likelihood, and three cepstral variants: constant weighting, the robot-power-sum, and the inverse variance. PLP features combined with a weighted cepstral measure are found to be consistently the best in a number of different digit-independent ASI experiments. Results support the hypothesis that the higher orders of PLP (>5) contain significant speaker-specific information, with ASI performance improving rapidly up to order 8, and then far more slowly yet consistently up to order 16. A similar pattern is seen for codebook size, with fast improvements up to size 64, with more gradual gains thereafter.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>