gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Quantitative measurements of forward head posture in a clinical settings: a technical feasibility study (2017)

Introduction: Current clinical practice lacks a user-friendly quantitative method of measuring head posture in individuals with neck-related musculoskeletal disorders. Literature reveals that photogrammetry is a valid and reliable method to evaluate forward head posture (FHP) based on the angles and distance measured on a digital image. However, the adoption of the photogrammetry-based FHP assessment is not common clinical practice. This may be due to technical difficulties, high cost, and complexity of posture assessment software. Advancements in and access to information technology have allowed wide numbers of open resource software applications to be available for measurement of FHP in patients with neck pain in the clinical setting.Aim: To determine the technical feasibility of quantitative forward head posture assessment in clinical settings.Methods: A total of 15 subjects without history of neck pain and 16 subjects with neck pain were recruited for the study. Sagittal head tilt angle (SHA), craniocervical angle (CCA), and shoulder angle (SA) were measured using photogrammetry method. Angles on digital images taken were then analysed using a multi-professional open resource, the Web Plot Digitizer (WPD).Results: The CCA and SA were lower (CCA = 43.54°, SA = 49.39°) in subjects with neck pain than normal subjects (CCA = 47.43°, SA = 52.28°) indicating FHP and protracted shoulder. Subjects with neck pain demonstrated high sagittal head tilt angle (SHA = 19.89°) indicating greater upper cervical extension.Conclusion: Quantitative FHP assessment in the clinical setup using photogrammetry is technically feasible with a basic computer setup and WPD to measure the angles on a digital image.
Document Flash Thermography (2021)

This thesis presents the application of ash thermography techniques to the analysis of documents. The motivation for this research is to develop the ability to non-destructively reveal covered writings in archaeological artifacts such as the Codex Selden or Egyptian car- tonnage. Current common signal processing techniques are evaluated for their effectiveness in enhancing subsurface writings found within a set of test documents. These processing techniques include: false colorization, contrast stretching, histogram equalization, median altering, Gaussian low-pass altering, layered signal reconstruction and thermal signal reconstruction (TSR), several contrast image definitions, differential absolute contrast (DAC), correlated contrast, derivative images, principal component thermography (PCT), dynamic thermal tomography (DTT), pulse phase thermography (PPT), tying-correlation analysis (FCA), Hough transform thermography (PTHTa), and transmission line matrix tying algorithm (TLMFa). New processing techniques are developed and evaluated against the existing techniques. The ability of ash thermography coupled with processing techniques to reveal subsurface writings and document strikeouts is evaluated. Flash thermography parameters are evaluated to determine most eeffective value for the document. In summary, this thesis reports the following contributions to the existing scientific knowledge: 1. A comprehensive analysis of existing pulsed thermography processing techniques. 2. New pulsed thermography processing techniques that improve upon the results of the existing techniques were developed. 3. A proof-of-concept for detecting subsurface ink writings in documents. 4. Varies the capability of pulsed thermography techniques to detect document strike- outs. 5. Demonstrates the ability to enhance surface writings based on differences in thermal characteristics when optical characteristics do not vary significantly. 6. Demonstrates that pulsed thermography significantly improves upon multi-spectral imaging for subsurface and surface writing enhancement. 7. Provides an evaluation of ash thermography parameters for the most effective document imaging.
Health and Economic Benefits of Increased β-Blocker Use Following Myocardial Infarction (2000)

Our simulation indicates that increased use of beta-blockers after MI would lead to impressive gains in health and would be potentially cost saving. JAMA. 2000;284:2748-2754.
Manganese borides synthesized at high pressure and high temperature (2012)

We synthesized various kinds of manganese borides by liquid-solid reaction from manganese and amorphous boron powders at high pressure and high temperature. The mixed powders with various atomic ratio of boron to manganese, B/Mn = 0.6, 1.2, 2, 3, 4, 8, were treated at temperature 1100–1350 °C and pressure 4.8-5.5 GPa, for 10–285 min. Typical manganese borides such as Mn4B, Mn2B, MnB, Mn3B4, MnB2, MnB4, and MnBx were synthesized. MnB2 plays an important role in the reaction, which is the middle product and it changes to Mn3B4 and boron with increasing holding time at a mixed atomic ratio of B/Mn = 2 and MnB2 reacted with boron to MnB4 with increasing holding time at a mixed atomic ratio of B/Mn = 8. The preferred orientation of Mn3B4 was also obtained at a mixed atomic ratio B/Mn = 2 and whose growth is highly oriented. The crystalline phases MnB2, Mn3B4, MnB, and Mn2B were prepared with large excess boron content.
Multi-channel wireless quartz crystal microbalance biosensor fabricated with poly(dimethylsiloxane) (2017)

In this, we develop miniaturized wireless electrodeless quartz crystal microbalance (QCM) biosensor system using the nanoimprint technology. The blank quartz resonator is packaged in a microchannel made of silicone resin, and its shear vibration is excited and detected by antennas located outside the microchannel, allowing the noncontacting measurement. The sensor chips, which have either one or three channels with 22-30 μm-thick quartz resonators, are used, and the resonance spectra in the atmosphere and ultrapure water are measured; they show high quality factors.
Morphometric analysis of the extramacular retina from postmortem eyes with retinitis pigmentosa. (1999)

Retinitis pigmentosa results in cell loss in all retinal layers, with the most profound loss in the ONL, followed by the GCL and then the INL. The preservation of the INL and GCL in the extramacular region is less than that previously reported for the macular region of the same retinas.
Fiber-reinforced fixation implant for proximal interphalangeal joint arthrodesis shows advanced implant bio-integration at 2-year follow-up (2022)

This study demonstrates 96 % PIPJ fusion rate and increased bio-integration from 1FU to 2FU, reaching advanced bio-integration of the fiber-reinforced implant at 2FU.
Efficacy of plant leaves, nematicides and fertilizers alone and in combination against Meloidogyne javanica infecting chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) (1982)

Experiment to study the effect of plant leaves, nematicides and fertilizers singly and in all possible combination was laid out in earthern pots in screenhouse. It indicated that neem leaves, aldicarb and potassium significantly reduced the number of galls per plant individually whereas, datura leaves and carbofuran increased the various growth parameters. Combined effect of various treatments were significant in reducing the number of galls. However, maximum reduction occured in treatment where neem leaves were added with potassium and aldicarb.
SECONDARY METABOLISM IN TISSUE CULTURES OF <i>THEOBROMA CACAO</i> (1979)

S ummary A synthetic medium was developed for the routine subculture of callus and cell suspensions of cocoa. All growth hormones and the coconut milk (CM) supplement of previous media were replaced by indole butyric acid (IBA) and zeatin, at concentrations of 1 mg 1 −1 IBA and 0·05 mg 1 −1 zeatin for callus and 10 mg 1 −1 IBA and 0·5 mg 1 −1 zeatin for cell suspension cultures. During the exponential phase of the growth cycle on this medium, the total phenolics in the callus and cell suspensions declined but then increased at onset of the stationary phase and finally declined again with cell senescence. The flavonoid compositions of the callus and cell suspension were similar and much less varied than that of the original intact cotyledon. Both tissue cultures contained epicatechin, leucocyanidins, caffeic and coumaric acids, all of which are thought to act as flavour precursors when in the intact fermented cotyledon. The methylated purines, theobromine and caffeine, could not be detected in the tissue cultures even in the presence of high nitrate levels in the medium. When precursors of theobromine synthesis such as xanthine, hypoxanthine and 7‐methyl‐xanthosine, were fed to the cells, theobromine was formed only when the cells were incubated with 7‐methyl‐xanthosine and a methyl donor, methionine, suggesting that part of the biosynthetic route to theobromine synthesis is still functional in the tissue culture.
Behaviorism (1989)

Behaviorism consists of a set of basic assumptions and empirical results brought to bear in the study of animal (including human) learning. First, it is assumed that the behavior of organisms obeys natural laws and can be examined from a scientific point of view. In principle, this means that what an organism does at any point in time is a function of the state of the organism and the environment. This deterministic position is in explicit contradiction to commonly held views regarding human responsibility and free will. Second, learning is held to play a major role in most behavior of most higher organisms. One general argument in support of this view is that evolution cannot prepare an organism for the particulars of its existence—e.g., where food is likely to be found. If an organism's behavior exhibits adaptation with regard to acquiring food in a particular location, this must be due to some form of learning.KeywordsUnconditioned StimulusClassical ConditioningOperant BehaviorUnconditioned ResponseFood PowderThese keywords were added by machine and not by the authors. This process is experimental and the keywords may be updated as the learning algorithm improves.
A Role for Perforin in Activation-Induced Cell Death (1998)

The granule exocytosis pathway of T cell cytotoxicity is absent in mice whose perforin gene has been ablated by targeted mutagenesis. The ability of activated naive T cells to undergo apoptosis in vitro following reaggregation of the TCR complex with anti-TCR mAbs via a Fas-independent pathway was found to be defective in the absence of perforin. Protection from death was most marked in CD8+ T cells. In wild-type cells, perforin was expressed at the same time that apoptosis occurred, and blockade of perforin expression by either incubation with perforin antisense oligonucleotides or with anti-IL-2 Abs resulted in increased viability of activated T cells. The role of perforin was not via perforin-dependent fratricidal killing. The results suggest a model in which perforin acts internally to cause a form of activation-induced T cell death distinct from that caused by members of the TNFR superfamily.
A 0.016 mm$^{2}$, 2.4 GHz RF Signal Quality Measurement Macro for RF Test and Diagnosis (2008)

Our RF signal-quality measurement macro employs 1) a new window-shifting measurement technique that obtains the power of a high-frequency component on the basis of lower-frequency measurements, and 2) a new stair-like weighted addition technique that decreases error due to harmonic power, phase, and DC offset in measured signals. The macro occupies only 1/10 the area of conventional on-chip spectrum analyzers. Carrier power for 2.4 GHz-Tx was successfully measured with digital testers alone, with an error of only <1 dB, and harmonic-emission exceeding FCC regulations (> -20 dBm) was also successfully detected.
Androids: application of EAP as artificial muscles to entertainment industry (2001)

The classic movie Metropolis (1926), which is nowadays considered a cinema milestone, has shown the possibility to build robots called androids that are science and fiction run together to realize a dream: the human-like robot. In that movie, Dr. Rotwang transforms a simple and cold calculating robot into the body of a beautiful woman. Robots have often been depicted as metal creatures with cold steel bodies, but there is no reason why metals should be the only kind of material for construction of robots. The authors examined the issues related to applying electroactive polymers materials (EAP) to the entertainment industry. EAP are offering attractive characteristics with the potential to produce more realistic models of living creatures at significantly lower cost. This paper seeks to elucidate how EAP might infiltrate and ultimately revolutionize entertainment, showing some applicative examples.
Out-of-Sequence Measurements Treatment in Sensor Fusion Applications: Buffering versus Advanced Algorithms (2006)

Out-of-sequence measurements treatment in tracking moving targets with heterogeneous sensors in a Kalman filter framework has been a widely discussed topic in the fusion community within the last years. Whereas most researchers focus on advanced algorithms to avoid the increase of system latency and worst case execution time that arises if measurements are buffered, there still lacks research on the comparison of these methods. The authors try to close this gap by analyzing the effect of buffering and advanced algorithms on the covariance matrices of the state vector after it underwent a prediction to real time.
Performance-oriented technology mapping for LUT-based FPGA's (1995)

An efficient and effective optimization technique is developed for technology mapping of lookup table (LUT) based field programmable gate arrays. In our algorithm, minimal depth of a Boolean network is found and then the given cost function is minimized by "sweeping" nodes of the given Boolean network without increasing the depth. The sweeping allows an efficient search over a huge solution space since it utilizes the topological structure of the network. Optimization for reconvergent paths and duplication of logic can be automatically considered during the sweeping procedure. Experimental results show that our approach is very promising. Typically our method, called SWEEP, produced the same depth for the 17 benchmark circuits tried as those of FlowMap which guarantees the optimum depth. Furthermore, SWEEP outperforms FlowMap by 17% in the total number of LUT's required to implement the benchmark circuits.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
ChemInform Abstract: STUDIES ON HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS. XXXIV. SYNTHESIS OF 2‐SUBSTITUTED AMINOBENZOXAZOLES WITH NICKEL PEROXIDE (1981)

Abstract Die durch Addition des Aminopicolins (I) an die Senf Öle (II) zugänglichen Thioharnstoffe (III) lassen sich mit Ni‐peroxid zu den Harn‐ Stoffen (IV) entschwefeln; diese sind auch aus (I) und den Isocyanaten (V) erhältlich.
Ibuprofen May Not Increase Bleeding Risk in Plastic Surgery: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis (2016)

Therapeutic, II.
Bone and brain: a review of neural, hormonal, and musculoskeletal connections. (2004)

Nerves have been identified in bone. Their function has recently become the focus of intense study. Metabolic control of bone is influenced by the nervous system. Potential transmitters of this influence include glutamate, calcitonin gene-related protein (CGRP), substance P, vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP), pituitary adenylate cyclase activating polypeptide (PACAP), leptin, and catecholamines. Disorders of nerves - central or peripheral--can have substantial influence on bone health and repair. Specifically considered are the potential neural influences at work in such conditions as osteoporosis, fracture healing, Charcot osteoarthropathy, musculoskeletal pain syndromes, heterotopic ossification, skeletal growth and development, and obesity-related increased bone density. In this article, we review the current state of experimental and clinical evidence implicating the role of nervous tissue in regulating bone biology and discuss the current understanding of molecular signaling between nervous and osseus tissue in the homeostatic maintenance of the skeleton.
Efficacy and Safety of Acetaminophen and Naproxen in the Treatment of Tension-Type Headache. A Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Trial (2002)

The objective of this study was to evaluate and compare the efficacy and safety of single doses of acetaminophen (paracetamol) 1000 mg and naproxen 375 mg vs. placebo over a six-hour period in the treatment of tension-type headache. The treatments were compared in a randomized, double-blind, multicentre, placebo-controlled study. Efficacy was evaluated using four standard analgesic summary endpoints (the sum of pain intensity differences from baseline, the maximum pain intensity from baseline, the sum of the pain relief scores, and the maximum pain relief score). Both acetaminophen 1000 mg and naproxen 375 mg were significantly superior to placebo (P<or=0.009 and P<or=0.021, respectively) but not significantly different from each other (P>or=0.498) for these four endpoints. For example, the mean sum of pain intensity differences from baseline was 9.14+/-0.34 for acetaminophen 1000 mg and 8.81+/-0.35 for naproxen 375 mg compared with 7.42+/-0.34 for placebo. Other efficacy endpoints (percentage of responders (pain reduced to none) at two hours, onset of meaningful relief, time to use of rescue medication and subject's overall impression of study medication) showed similar trends. A significantly larger mean pain intensity difference from baseline was observed for acetaminophen 1000 mg (1.13) than for naproxen 375 mg (0.95) (P=0.036) at one hour after treatment. There was no significant difference among the treatment groups in the incidence of adverse events (P=0.730). In summary, the results of this well-controlled, double-blind study demonstrate that over-the-counter acetaminophen 1000 mg and prescription naproxen 375 mg are effective and well tolerated in the treatment of tough (moderate-to-severe) tension-type headache.
Evidence for a behavioral significance of saccular acoustic sensitivity in humans (2001)

In this article the results are reported of an experiment to provide direct evidence for a perceptual and behavioral significance of human saccular acoustic sensitivity. Ten human subjects were stimulated monaurally with 100-ms trains of 10-ms tone pulses with pulse repetition rate of 40 Hz, and were required to rate the pleasantness of the stimuli on a nine-point scale. The design included three within-subject factors: carrier frequency (two levels, 200 and 4000 Hz), intensity [13 levels from 55 to 115 dB(A) in 5-dB steps] and ear (left and right). For intensities above 90 dB myogenic vestibular evoked potentials (MVEP) were also obtained from the ipsilateral sternocleidomastoid muscle from which it was possible to obtain thresholds by linear regression of MVEP amplitudes against intensity. A further between-subjects factor was added which assessed subjects’ attitude to vestibular sensations. The results indicate that across subjects there is a general trend of decreasing pleasantness with increasing intensity, but for the 200-Hz condition there is a significant positive departure from monotonicity in pleasantness (p&lt;0.05) above the mean saccular threshold. However, when split by the between-subjects factor, the positive departure was only evident for those subjects who have a positive attitude to vestibular sensations (p&lt;0.01). Implications of these results for human responses to loud sound and the possible evolutionary significance of saccular acoustic sensitivity are discussed.
Residual Stress Analysis for Additive Manufactured Large Automobile Parts by Using Neutron and Simulation (2020)

<div class="section abstract"><div class="htmlview paragraph">Metal additive manufacturing has high potential to produce automobile parts, due to its shape flexibility and unique material properties. On the other hand, residual stress which is generated by rapid solidification causes deformation, cracks and failure under building process. To avoid these problems, understanding of internal residual stress distribution is necessary. However, from the view point of measureable area, conventional residual stress measurement methods such as strain gages and X-ray diffractometers, is limited to only the surface layer of the parts. Therefore, neutron which has a high penetration capability was chosen as a probe to measure internal residual stress in this research. By using time of flight neutron diffraction facility VULCAN at Oak Ridge National Laboratory, residual stress for mono-cylinder head, which were made of aluminum alloy, was measured non-distractively. From the result of precise measurement, interior stress distribution was visualized. According to the result, bottom area where was just above a base plate showed smaller stress gradient than top where was the farthest side from a base plate. Comparing actual stress and simulation results, building direction shows higher linearity than the others. This result shows the implication for improvement of simulation software.</div></div>
Trapezoidal companding scheme for peak-to-average power ratio reduction of OFDM signals (2009)

A novel nonlinear companding scheme is proposed to reduce the peak-to-average power ratio (PAPR) of orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) signals. This scheme can transform the original Gaussian-distributed OFDM signals into trapezoidal-distributed. Moreover, by properly choosing variable parameters of the proposed scheme, it can achieve an effective trade-off between PAPR reduction and bit error rate performance, which gives the OFDM system more design flexibility.
A multi-target tracking platform for zebrafish based on deep neural network (2019)

Zebrafish has been widely used in the field of biological behavior, for it is an excellent model organism. Many valuable biological data can be obtained by analyzing the behavioral characteristics of zebrafish. A large amount of data will be generated when studying the behavior of zebrafish. The current artificial statistical methods are inefficient and unpractical. Therefore, it is of great importance to get access to track the behavior of zebrafish automatically and accurately through software. We have proposed a zebrafish multi-target tracking algorithm based on deep convolution neural network to identify the location of multi-zebrafish with high tracking accuracy and speed. The tracking algorithm performs well in different videos with various numbers and sizes of zebrafish. It can greatly improve the efficiency of biological behavioral experiments.