gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Fused Architecture for Dense and Sparse Matrix Processing in TensorFlow Lite (2022)

In this article, we present a hardware architecture optimized for sparse and dense matrix processing in TensorFlow Lite and compatible with embedded-heterogeneous devices that integrate central processing unit and field-programmable gate array (FPGA) resources. The fused architecture for dense and sparse matrices design offers multiple configuration options that tradeoff parallelism and complexity, and uses a dataflow model to create four stages that read, compute, scale, and write results. All stages are designed to support TensorFlow Lite operations including asymmetric quantized activations, column-major matrix write, per-filter/per-axis bias values, and current scaling specifications. The configurable accelerator is integrated with the TensorFlow Lite inference engine running on the ARMv8 processor. We compare performance/power/energy with the state-of-the-art RUY software multiplication library showing up to 18× acceleration and 48× in dense and sparse modes, respectively. The sparse mode benefits from structural pruning to fully utilize the digital signal processing blocks present in the FPGA device.
Dynamic policy-based IDS configuration (2009)

Intrusion Detection System (IDS) is an important security enforcement tool in modern networked information systems. Obtaining an optimal IDS configuration for effective detection of attacks is far from trivial. There exists a tradeoff between security enforcement levels and the performance of information systems. It is critical to configure an IDS in a dynamic and iterative fashion to balance the security overhead and system performance. In this paper, we use noncooperative game approaches to address this problem. We first build a fundamental game framework to model the zero-sum interactions between the detector and the attacker. Building on this platform, we then formulate a stochastic game model in which the transitions between system states are determined by the actions chosen by both players. An optimal policy-based configuration can be found by minimizing a discounted cost criterion, using an iterative method. In addition, we propose a Q-learning algorithm to find the optimal game values when the transitions between system states are unknown. We show the convergence of the algorithm to the optimal Q-function and illustrate the concepts by simulation.
60-GHz CMOS Doppler Radar Sensor With Integrated V-Band Power Detector for Clutter Monitoring and Automatic Clutter-Cancellation in Noncontact Vital-Signs Sensing (2017)

This paper presents the design of a V-band logarithmic power detector (PD) and the integration with a 60-GHz CMOS vital-signs Doppler radar sensor to be incorporated with a microprocessor control unit (MCU) for fast automatic clutter cancellation. The PD adopts the successive detection logarithmic amplifier (SDLA) topology and achieves a high dynamic range by replacing the limited amplifiers with millimeter-wave (MMW) linear amplifiers. From the measurement results, the PD exhibits a dynamic range and logarithmic errors higher than 35 dB and within ±2 dB from 50 to 62 GHz. The whole integrated radar sensor chip is fabricated by a 90-nm CMOS process with a chip size of 2 mm × 2.34 mm and a dc power consuming of 243 mW. The radar chip and a 60-GHz 17-dBi patch-array antenna are integrated by bondwire interconnection on a compact single carrier board for experimental test. By incorporating the MCU to the radar chip board, the fast automatic clutter canceling can achieve more than 25-dB clutter cancellation. Moreover, it shows a successful vital-signs detection for a distance more than 1.2 m.
Multiple molecular recognition properties of the lipocalin protein family (1995)

The lipocalins, a diverse family of small extracellular ligand binding proteins, display a remarkable range of different molecular recognition properties. While their binding of small hydrophobic molecules, and to a lesser extent their binding to cell surface receptors, is well known, it is shown here that formation of macromolecular complexes is also a common feature of this family. Analysis of known crystallographic structures reveals that the lipocalins possess a conserved common structure: an antiparallel beta-barrel with a repeated +1 topology. Comparisons show that within this overall similarity the structure of individual proteins is specifically adapted to bind their particular ligands, forming a binding site from an internal cavity (within the barrel) and/or an external loop scaffold, which gives rise to different binding modes that reflects the need to accommodate ligands of different shape, size, and chemical structure. The architecture of the lipocalin fold suggests that both the ends and sides of this barrel are topologically distinct, differences also apparent in analyses of structural and sequence variation within the family. These differences can be linked to experimental evidence suggesting a possible functional dichotomy between the two ends of the lipocalin fold. The structurally invariant end of the molecule may be implicated in general binding to common cell surface receptors, while the more variable end is adapted to the specialised tasks of binding small ligands and forming macromolecular complexes via an exposed binding surface.
Catalytic methane coupling under periodic operation (1996)

Abstract Composition modulation strategies for improving selectivity to the C 2 products in the oxidative coupling of methane were investigated experimentally with Li 2 O/MgO and CeO/Li 2 O/MgO catalysts at about 100 kPa pressure and 750°C. Strategies used were 1) “methane cycling” between mixtures with different concentrations of CH 4 , 2) “oxygen cycling” between mixtures with different concentrations of oxygen, 3) bang‐bang cycling (air‐CH 4 ), and 4) flushing the catalyst with an inert between exposures to reactants. Experimental C 2 yields and ethylene to total C 2 ratios showed that composition forcing is better with the Ce/Li/MgO catalyst. Methane cycling proved to be the best strategy explored.
The world encyclopedia of food (1982)

Here, at last, is a truly comprehensive -- and truly international -- guide to the foods of the world. The World Encyclopedia of Food contains articles on some 4,000 foods and beverages, ranging from: Worldwide staples (potatoes, apples) to Local specialties (clotted cream, Ouzo) to delicacies (caviar, snails) to important brand-name products (Coca-cola) to oddities (penguin eggs, grasshoppers). The origins, history, lore and cultivation (or preparation) of each food or beverage are described, along with the cultures in which each is most frequently used. Basic methods of preparation are noted, along with the names, and brief descriptions, of some classic dishes. Many of the articles are also illustrated with extraordinary artwork, especially commissioned for this book -- there are 200 line drawings, 150 black and white photographs and 50 color plates. This unparalleled reference guide to the world's food is equally useful in the kitchen and in the library. The restaurateur, the gourmet, the amateur cook -- anyone, in fact, who knows and cares about food -- will find The World Encyclopedia of Food an invaluable source, one that will be referred to time and time again.
General Logarithmic Image Processing Convolution (2006)

The logarithmic image processing model (LIP) is a robust mathematical framework, which, among other benefits, behaves invariantly to illumination changes. This paper presents, for the first time, two general formulations of the 2-D convolution of separable kernels under the LIP paradigm. Although both formulations are mathematically equivalent, one of them has been designed avoiding the operations which are computationally expensive in current computers. Therefore, this fast LIP convolution method allows to obtain significant speedups and is more adequate for real-time processing. In order to support these statements, some experimental results are shown in Section V
Directed metalation of benzenesulfinamides. A novel route to meta-substituted aromatic compounds (1990)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTDirected metalation of benzenesulfinamides. A novel route to meta-substituted aromatic compoundsAlan R. Katritzky and Ping LueCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1990, 55, 1, 74–78Publication Date (Print):January 1, 1990Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 January 1990https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo00288a015https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00288a015research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views305Altmetric-Citations12LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Patterns of Change: Dynamic Typology Applied to Smoking Cessation (1991)

Patterns of change occurring in a combined cross-sectional and longitudinal (cross-sequential) analysis of 14 variables were investigated in a two-year study of self-change approaches to smoking cessation. Every six months for five rounds, subjects (N = 544) were assessed on 10 change processes, self-efficacy, temptations to smoke, and their decisions weighing the pros and cons of smoking. Subjects were also assessed on which of the following four stages of change they were in at each round: precontemplation, contemplation, action and maintenance. Dynamic clustering was employed to group subjects on the basis of their patterns of changes in stages over the five rounds. This yielded 14 profile groups (longitudinal typologies) which initially were compared on the 14 variables. Patterns of change on each of the variables became clear when the data were integrated cross-sectionally and longitudinally to form composite developmental profiles. The basic pattern of change processes can best be represented by a mountain metaphor. The change processes followed a general pattern of increasing from precontemplation to contemplation, peaked at a particular stage of change and then declined either to precontemplation levels or to somewhat higher levels if used as relapse prevention strategies. Temptation and the pros of smoking followed a linear pattern of decreasing across the stages, while self-efficacy increased linearly. The patterns of change and the mountain metaphor can be used as an organizing principle for developing models of change. The models can be used to develop therapy programs and self-help programs based on how people change their own problem behavior.
Superconductive Traveling-Wave Photodetectors: Fundamentals and Optical Propagation (2008)

This paper studies the theory of superconductive traveling-wave photodector devices (STWPDs), as a general platform for ultrafast, ultrasensitive, and ultralow-noise optoelectronic functions such as detection, modulation, photomixing, high-frequency electrical signal generation and amplification. Principles of operation of STWPDs are discussed based on the kinetic-inductance theory of superconductive thin films and a thorough investigation of the guiding mechanism of light within this class of devices is presented. The transfer matrix method is introduced to model the superconductive optical waveguide in TWDs and an efficient numerical method based on the Cauchy integral method and the argument principle method are developed for the analysis and design of the waveguides. Moreover, several regimes of device operation will be distinguished in terms of the modal characteristics of the optical waveguide and their effects on the overall performance of the device will be highlighted.
A novel bubble tolerant thermometer-to-binary encoder for flash A/D converter (2005)

A thermometer-to-binary encoder, which is suitable for high-speed and low-resolution flash-ADC, is proposed. The encoding scheme can effectively reduce the bubble induced error, by the use of separated one-out-of-N circuit for each bit of binary codes. In comparison with the most commonly adopted Gray-ROM encoder, the proposed method can outperform it by a factor of 2 in the bubble error reduction. The long latency gray-to-binary encoder which limits the total conversion speed can also be removed from the proposed circuit. Two types of implementation circuit including a ROM-based encoder and a fully digital encoder are developed.
Coil Design with Frequency Insensitive Characteristics for Wireless Power Transfer (2011)

This paper proposes the frequency-insensitive coil and its optimal design for uniform transfer efficiency according to the distance. The proposed technique achieves the frequency variation six times less than that of the conventional unidirectional loops, and improves the power efficiency to a maximum of 87%.
Oxygen Permeability and Stability of Sr<sub>0.95</sub>Co<sub>0.8</sub>Fe<sub>0.2</sub>O<sub>3-</sub><sub>δ</sub> in a CO<sub>2</sub>- and H<sub>2</sub>O-Containing Atmosphere (2005)

The oxygen permeability and stability of a perovskite oxide membrane of nominal composition Sr0.95Co0.8Fe0.2O3-δ were investigated in an atmosphere containing CO2 and H2O. It was observed that, at a temperature of 810 °C, the oxygen permeation flux through the membrane decreased significantly with time when an air stream containing both CO2 and H2O impurities was used as the feed gas and the membrane partially decomposed, whereas in air containing either CO2 or H2O species alone, the oxygen flux decreased slightly and the membrane retained its phase composition and microstructure. It was also found that, at a higher temperature of 900 °C, the oxygen flux was almost unaffected by the presence of these species and the membrane remained intact. The effects of CO2 and H2O were explained in terms of formation of bicarbonate on the membrane surface, and optimal operation conditions for the membrane were proposed.
Chloroplasts Have a Novel Cpn10 in Addition to Cpn20 as Co-chaperonins in Arabidopsis thaliana (2001)

Previously, we characterized a mitochondrial co-chaperonin (Cpn10) and a chloroplast co-chaperonin (Cpn20) from Arabidopsis thaliana (Koumoto, Y., Tsugeki, R., Shimada, T., Mori, H., Kondo, M., Hara-Nishimura, I., and Nishimura, M. (1996) Plant J. 10, 1119-1125; Koumoto, Y., Shimada, T., Kondo, M., Takao, T., Shimonishi, Y., Hara-Nishimura, I., and Nishimura, M. (1999) Plant J. 17, 467-477). Here, we report a third co-chaperonin. The cDNA was 603 base pairs long, encoding a protein of 139 amino acids. From a sequence analysis, the protein was predicted to have one Cpn10 domain with an amino-terminal extension that might work as a chloroplast transit peptide. This novel Cpn10 was confirmed to be localized in chloroplasts, and we refer to it as chloroplast Cpn10 (chl-Cpn10). The phylogenic tree that was generated with amino acid sequences of other co-chaperonins indicates that chl-Cpn10 is highly divergent from the others. In the GroEL-assisted protein folding assay, about 30% of the substrates were refolded with chl-Cpn10, indicating that chl-Cpn10 works as a co-chaperonin. A Northern blot analysis revealed that mRNA for chl-Cpn10 is accumulated in the leaves and stems, but not in the roots. In germinating cotyledons, the accumulation of chl-Cpn10 was similar to that of chloroplastic proteins and accelerated by light. It was proposed that two kinds of co-chaperonins, Cpn20 and chl-Cpn10, work independently in the chloroplast.
Environmental pollutants and breast cancer. (2003)

Breast cancer is the most common cancer in women and the leading cause of cancer death among women 35-54 years of age. Rising incidence, increased risk among migrants to higher risk regions, and poor prediction of individual risk have prompted a search for additional modifiable factors. Risk factors for breast cancer include reproductive characteristics associated with estrogen and other hormones, pharmaceutical hormones, and activities such as alcohol use and lack of exercise that affect hormone levels. As a result, investigation of hormonally active compounds in commercial products and pollution is a priority. Compounds that cause mammary tumors in animals are additional priorities. Animal models provide insight into possible mechanisms for effects of environmental pollutants on breast cancer and identify chemical exposures to target in epidemiologic studies. Although few epidemiologic studies have been conducted for chemical exposures, occupational studies show associations between breast cancer and exposure to certain organic solvents and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs). Population-based studies have been limited to a few organochlorine compounds and PAHs and have been mostly negative. A variety of challenges in studies of breast cancer and the environment may have contributed to negative findings. Lack of exposure assessment tools and few hypothesis-generating toxicologic studies limit the scope of epidemiologic studies. Issues of timing with respect to latency and periods of breast vulnerability, and individual differences in susceptibility pose other challenges. Substantial work is needed in exposure assessment, toxicology, and susceptibility before we can expect a pay-off from large epidemiologic studies of breast cancer and environment.
Carbon Nanotube Sol−Gel Composite Materials (2001)

This paper describes a new class of composite materials designed by combining multiwall carbon nanotubes (MWNTs) and sol−gels. These materials provide new capabilities for the development of electrochemical devices by taking advantage of the favorable electrochemical characteristics of MWNTs. Further, variations in the silane precursors used and in the carbon nanotube content of the composites results in materials with a range of capacitance, electron-transfer rates, and potential to control selectivity.
Motion Representations for Articulated Animation (2021)

We propose novel motion representations for animating articulated objects consisting of distinct parts. In a completely unsupervised manner, our method identifies object parts, tracks them in a driving video, and infers their motions by considering their principal axes. In contrast to the previous keypoint-based works, our method extracts meaningful and consistent regions, describing locations, shape, and pose. The regions correspond to semantically relevant and distinct object parts, that are more easily detected in frames of the driving video. To force decoupling of foreground from background, we model non-object related global motion with an additional affine transformation. To facilitate animation and prevent the leakage of the shape of the driving object, we disentangle shape and pose of objects in the region space. Our model <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">1</sup> can animate a variety of objects, surpassing previous methods by a large margin on existing benchmarks. We present a challenging new benchmark with high-resolution videos and show that the improvement is particularly pronounced when articulated objects are considered, reaching 96.6% user preference vs. the state of the art.
Prostate Cancer: Evolution or Revolution? (2011)

In this issue of Journal of Clinical Oncology, we present a special series on prostate cancer that illustrates how our understanding of the biology and therapy of this disease has changed over the last few years. This series comes on the heels of the 2011 Genitourinary Cancers Symposium (held February 17 to 19, 2011, in Orlando, FL), jointly sponsored by the American Society of Clinical Oncology, the American Society for Therapeutic and Radiation Oncology, and the Society of Urologic Oncology. It is instructive to consider how the field has evolved, as articulated in the review articles in this issue, compared with the state of the art described in a special edition of the Journal published shortly after the first Prostate Cancer Symposium in 2005.
RCRA – The first 30 years of hazardous waste regulation (2010)

The Resource Conservation and Recovery Act was passed by the US Congress in 1976; the law charged the Environmental Protection Agency with developing regulations to control the disposal of hazardous wastes from “cradle to grave”. These RCRA regulations went into effect on November 19, 1980. The ensuing 30 years have seen dramatic changes in how waste is managed both at the generator's site and in terms of ultimate disposal. This paper will look at those changes and grades the overall progress that has been made to reduce improper disposal of hazardous chemical wastes.
Vertically-integrated package (2003)

A packaging concept has been developed to optimize system integration for electronic designs that contain VLSI semiconductors requiring a large quantity of passive-component support. The concept was realized by designing an inverted-cavity, leadless ceramic chip carrier that uses two surfaces for component attachment. Semiconductors and similar devices that require environmental protection are mounted and hermetically sealed in the lower, recessed cavity. Metallized vias pass vertically from the cavity base through multiple interconnect layers to bonding pads on the chip carrier's top surface for mounting resistor and capacitor chips. By combining active and passive components within the same structure by using two surfaces, packaging density is greatly increased over that of comparable chip and wire hybrid designs. Furthermore, this concept provides for full burn-in and electrical characterization of active and passive components prior to substrate assembly.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Controversies in Spine Surgery (2020)

Kolz, Joshua M. MD, MS; Pinter, Zachariah W. MD; Bydon, Mohamad MD; Sebastian, Arjun S. MD Author Information
Losartan Enhances the Success of Myoblast Transplantation (2011)

Duchenne muscular dystrophy is a recessive X-linked genetic disease caused by dystrophin gene mutations. Cell therapy can be a potential approach aiming to introduce a functional dystrophin in the dystrophic patient myofibers. However, this strategy produced so far limited results. Transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) is a negative regulator of skeletal muscle development and is responsible for limiting myogenic regeneration. The combination of TGF-β signaling inhibition with myoblast transplantation can be an effective therapeutic approach in dystrophin-deficient patients. Our aim was to verify whether the success of human myoblast transplantation in immunodeficient dystrophic mice is enhanced with losartan, a molecule that downregulates TGF-β expression. In vitro, blocking TGF-β activity with losartan increased proliferation and fusion and decreased apoptosis in human myoblasts. In vivo, human myoblasts were transplanted in mice treated with oral losartan. Immunodetection of human dystrophin in tibialis anterior cross sections 1 month posttransplantation revealed more human dystrophin-positive myofibers in these mice than in nontreated dystrophic mice. Thus, blocking the TGF-β signal with losartan treatment improved the success of myoblast transplantation probably by increasing myoblast proliferation and fusion, decreasing macrophage activation, and changing the expression of myogenic regulator factors.