gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Recombinant Bet v 1 vaccine for treatment of allergy to birch pollen (2010)

Therapeutic vaccination is the only disease modifying allergy treatment. Recombinant allergen vaccines represent defined component vaccines and are advantageous compared to allergen extract vaccines because of their well defined and measurable allergen content. As the major birch pollen allergen Bet v 1 is the dominant disease-eliciting allergen in birch pollen Bet v 1 vaccines based on GMP produced recombinant (r)Bet v 1 have been developed for treatment of birch pollen allergic patients. Three vaccines comprising hypoallergenic rBet v 1 derivatives have in clinical trials been shown to improve allergic symptoms and to favourable modify the immune response to Bet v 1. In a phase II trial, vaccination with rBet v 1 resulted in reduced rhinoconjunctivitis symptoms and rescue medication compared to placebo. Vaccination with rBet v 1 formulated as tablets for sublingual administration revealed clinical relevant efficacy in rhinoconjunctivitis patients. The positive results imply that rBet v 1 vaccines constitute a therapeutic alternative for birch pollen allergic patients.
TWO-LAYER PLATE MECHANICAL METAMATERIALS (2016)

We present the fabrication and characterization of plates made from two ultrathin layers and capable of withstanding repeated extreme mechanical deformation. The ultrathin layers, one flat and the other corrugated, are less than 100 nm thick and created using atomic layer deposition, forming a joined structure similar to conventional honeycomb sandwich plates. The structures exhibit a high bending stiffness while still possessing a low area density of approximately 0.5 g/m 2 . Finite element simulations show that the bending stiffness initially increases quadratically with the height of the plate, but saturates at very large heights. Measurements of bending stiffness using an atomic force microscope agree qualitatively with the simulations.
The Mechanisms of Action of Lithium (1991)

As part of a study of the effects of lithium carbonate on neurochemical function in man, platelet and lymphocyte adenylate cyclase activity and lymphocyte beta-adrenergic receptor binding characteristics were determined before and after 2 weeks of lithium treatment in 10 normal volunteers. Lithium had differential effects on platelet and lymphocyte adenylate cyclase activity. In platelets, basal and stimulated (guanyl imidodiphosphate [Gpp[NH]p] or cesium fluoride) adenylate cyclase activity was significantly augmented by lithium treatment. By contrast, in lymphocytes, Gpp(NH)p- and cesium fluoride-stimulated adenylate cyclase activity was unaffected, while basal activity was decreased modestly after lithium. These results are consistent with preclinical studies that suggest that lithium's effects on adenylate cyclase activity are specific with respect to tissue and brain region and that lithium may interfere with guanine nucleotide binding (G) protein function. Lithium treatment significantly increased the ratio of low- to high-affinity dissociation constants for agonist displacement of antagonist binding to lymphocyte beta-adrenergic receptors (thought to reflect coupling between the beta-adrenergic receptor and stimulatory G protein). Lithium had significant effects on measures associated with signal transduction that might be contrasted to its more subtle effects on neuronal function (norepinephrine release) and neuroendocrine systems (responses to serotoninergic challenge) in these same subjects (reported in a companion article). Lithium's primary site of action may be on signal transduction mechanisms. These effects subsequently may be manifested in changes in neurotransmitter function that may be important to lithium's mood-stabilizing actions.
Secondary acute myeloid leukemia in children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia treated with etoposide. (1993)

This experience provides strong evidence for a link between epipodophyllotoxin therapy and secondary AML since none of these children received alkylating agent therapy or irradiation. This serious complication raises concern as to the appropriate use of epipodophyllotoxins in the treatment of childhood ALL.
Cloning and Analysis of a MADS‐box Gene Expressed in<i>Poa annua</i>MD‐2 Apices during Floral Meristem Formation (2002)

Poa annua MD‐2 is a day‐neutral, annual grass, which flowers 25–35 d after planting under controlled conditions. Although the physiology and anatomy of flowering is fairly well understood, the genetic regulation of flowering in P. annua has not been studied. MADS‐box genes regulate reproductive development in other plants and are candidate genes for regulating flowering in P. annua. The purpose of this study was to isolate MADS‐box genes expressed in P. annua MD‐2 floral meristems. Degenerate primers based on the MADS‐box sequences of maize and rice were used to amplify a fragment of ca. 170 bp from MD‐2 genomic DNA. Plasmids containing inserts were sequenced and three of them (named PaMADS) were found to be 89%–93% identical to MADS sequences from maize. A cDNA library was constructed from 5 mg of MD‐2 floral meristem tissue between the transition and the panicle/branch primordial initiation stages. PaMADS sequence was used to screen the cDNA library and one full‐length MADS‐box gene named PaMADS1 was isolated. PaMADS1 is 1159 bp in length and encodes a 258 amino acid protein which shares 54.4% identity with AGL6 from Arabidopsis thaliana. The MADS‐box motif of PaMADS1 is identical with those of TaMADS#12 from wheat, ZAG3 from maize, and OsMADS6 from rice, and 98% identical with AGL6 and 83.0% with AGL13 from A. thaliana. The K‐box of PaMADS1 has 88.1%–94.1% identity with those of ZAG3, ZAG5, TaMADS#12, and OsMADS6, but only 60.4% identity with AGL6 and 53.5% with AGL13. Northern blot analysis indicated that PaMADS1 is a floral‐specific gene and is highly expressed at panicle/branch‐primordia‐initiation and prepollen stages. Southern hybridization indicated that there are ca. 10 copies of MADS‐box genes in both P. annua and Poa pratensis.
Microbes responsible for acute exacerbation of COPD. (2010)

This study was designed to find out the microbes responsible for acute exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). This study was carried out in the National Institute of Diseases of the Chest & Hospital (NIDCH), Dhaka during the period of January 2003 to December 2003. The study was a prospective case control study. There were 88 male and 2 female patients. The majority of the study subjects fell within the range of 50-70 years. All were smokers. 30 stable COPD patients were taken as control for comparison of sputum culture results of acute exacerbated COPD patients. A standard proforma with questionnaire was designed and filled to select patient with COPD. The patients were selected according to the predetermined criteria viz FEV1<70% predicted and FEV1/FVC % <70% of predicted. Morning specimen of sputum was collected after appropriate preparation and physical character of the sputum were noted. Sputum was immediately sent to microbiology lab for culture. Out of 30 stable COPD patients 6(20%) showed positive sputum culture for bacteria, Pseudomonas 3, Klebsiella 1, Streptococcus pneumoniae 1 and Haemophilus influenza 1. Majority of them were Gram-negative organism. Out of 60 patients with acute exacerbation of COPD 39 patients (65%) showed positive culture for bacteria. Pseudomonas 15, Klebsiella 8, Acinetobacter 4, Enterobacter 2, Moraxella catarrhalis 2 and mixed organisms like, Pseudomonas + Klebsiella 2 and Pseudononas + Acinobacter 1. Majority were Gram-negative bacilli viz. Pseudomonas and Klebsiella spp. species. From this study it was concluded that the prevalence of lower airway bacterial colonization in outpatients with stable COPD is high and is mainly due to Gram-negative bacilli like Pseudomonas spp. The greater rate of isolation of pathogenic bacteria in exacerbated COPD than in stable COPD in this study, supports the pathogenic role of bacteria in a proportion of acute exacerbations of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. The organism commonly play pathogenic role in acute exacerbations of COPD are Pseudomonas and Klebsiella. Acinobacter Moraxella catarrhalis and Enterobacter also contributed in exacerbation of COPD.
Using web browser interactions to predict task (2006)

The automatic identification of a user's task has the potential to improve information filtering systems that rely on implicit measures of interest and whose effectiveness may be dependant upon the task at hand. Knowledge of a user's current task type would allow information filtering systems to apply the most useful measures of user interest. We recently conducted a field study in which we logged all participants' interactions with their web browsers and asked participants to categorize their web usage according to a high-level task schema. Using the data collected during this study, we have conducted a preliminary exploration of the usefulness of logged web browser interactions to predict users' tasks. The results of this initial analysis suggest that individual models of users' web browser interactions may be useful in predicting task type.
Properties related to drying defects in red oak wetwood. Forest Service research paper (1993)

Bacterially infected wood, called wetwood, is often not visually apparent in logs or green lumber. When dried, lumber containing wetwood is prone to develop defects. The study had two objectives: (1) to show the potential of using moisture content, green and basic density, stress wave travel time, and tensile strength across the grain as indicators of bacterial infection in green lumber and (2) to evaluate the relative susceptibility of infected and uninfected lumber to checking during drying and the level of actual drying degrade. Bacterially infected and uninfected green, flat-sawn, 1-1/8-in.-thick red oak (Quercus spp.) lumber was used in the study. The relative susceptibility of infected and uninfected wood to check during drying was examined by comparing tensile strength across the grain.
T-Cell Epitopes and Human Leukocyte Antigen Restriction Elements of an Immunodominant Antigen of<i>Blastomyces dermatitidis</i> (2000)

Humans infected with the dimorphic fungus Blastomyces dermatitidis develop strong T-lymphocyte responses to WI-1, an immunodominant antigen that has been shown to elicit protective immunity in mice. In the present study, the T-cell epitopes of WI-1 and human leukocyte antigen (HLA) restricting elements that display them were investigated. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) from 37 patients with a confirmed history of blastomycosis were tested for a response to WI-1 in primary proliferation assays; PBMC from 35 (95%) responded. Six patients whose PBMC proliferated strongly in response to WI-1 (defined as a stimulation index greater than 50) were tested further for responses to subcloned, recombinant fragments of the antigen. These patients responded chiefly to sequences within the N terminus and the 25-amino-acid tandem repeat. Cloned CD4(+) T cells from an infected individual were used to delineate more precisely the peptide epitopes in the fragments and HLA restricting elements that present them. A majority of the T-cell clones recognized an epitope spanning amino acids 149 to 172 within the N terminus, displayed by HLA-DR 15. A minority of the clones, which have been shown to perform a cytolytic function in vitro, recognized an epitope in the tandem repeat displayed by HLA-DPw4, an uncommon restricting element. Tandem repeat epitopes required display by the beta chain of DPw4 heterodimers. Thus, human T cells with different functions in vitro also recognize distinct regions of WI-1, raising the possibility that HLA restricting elements that present them could modulate immunity during blastomycosis by selection and display of WI-1 peptides.
Gold catalyzed oxycyclizations of alkynols and alkyndiols (2011)

Alkynols and alkyndiols represent excellent building blocks for oxycyclization reactions, leading to a large number of different cyclic structures in one single step. Recently, the use of gold salts and gold complexes has been introduced as an alternative to the traditional methods, providing mild reaction conditions and high group compatibility. This overview focuses on the most recent achievements on gold-catalyzed oxycyclizations, both from alkynols and alkyndiols, and their use in different cascade processes and total synthesis.
Enzyme‐Catalyzed Ring‐Opening Polymerization of Unsubstituted <i>β</i>‐Lactam (2008)

Abstract The synthesis of poly( β ‐alanine) by Candida antarctica lipase B immobilized as novozyme 435 catalyzed ring‐opening of 2‐azetidinone is reported. After removal of cyclic side products and low molecular weight species pure linear poly( β ‐alanine) is obtained. The formation of the polymer is confirmed with 1 H NMR spectroscopy and MALDI‐TOF mass spectrometry. The average degree of polymerization of the obtained polymer is limited to $\overline {DP}$ = 8 by its solubility in the reaction medium. Control experiments with β ‐alanine as a substrate confirmed that the ring structure of the 2‐azetidinone is necessary to obtain the polymer. magnified image
Novel Cruzain Inhibitors for the Treatment of Chagas’ Disease (2012)

The protozoan parasite Trypanosoma cruzi, the etiological agent of Chagas' disease, affects millions of individuals and continues to be an important global health concern. The poor efficacy and unfavorable side effects of current treatments necessitate novel therapeutics. Cruzain, the major cysteine protease of T. cruzi, is one potential novel target. Recent advances in a class of vinyl sulfone inhibitors are encouraging; however, as most potential therapeutics fail in clinical trials and both disease progression and resistance call for combination therapy with several drugs, the identification of additional classes of inhibitory molecules is essential. Using an exhaustive virtual-screening and experimental validation approach, we identify several additional small-molecule cruzain inhibitors. Further optimization of these chemical scaffolds could lead to the development of novel drugs useful in the treatment of Chagas' disease.
Electrochemical Reduction of Carbon Dioxide. (1986)

Many researchers have studied the electrochemical reduction of carbon dioxide and related organic species to form concentrated liquid/gaseous products in laboratory scale hardware. Hamilton Standard has developed a high pressure SPE electrolysis cell capable ofr reducing carbon dioxide streams to form pure, concentrated alcohols, carboxylic acids, and other hydrocarbons. The process is unique in that the byproducts of reaction include oxygen and, under some test conditions water. In addition, a relatively simple test system was designed and constructed permitting both batch and semibatch type electrochemical reduction studies. In this study, cathode materials were developed which 1) had a characteristic high hydrogen overvoltage, and 2) possessed the intrinsic affinity for electrochemical reduction of the carbon dioxide species. In addition, suitable anode electrocatalyst materials were identified. Studies involving the electrochemical reduction of carbon dioxide required the ability to identify and quantify reaction products obtained during cell evaluation. Gas chromatographic techniques were developed along with the establishment of ion chromatographic methods permitting the analysis of organic reaction products. Hamilton Standard has evaluated electrochemical carbon dioxide reduction cells under a variety of test conditions.
Design and implementation of mobile access system based on multi-factor authentication (2012)

Nowadays the mobile equipment has become an essential tool of providing access to business resources from the organization's internal network and other services. Hence the security of wireless communication becomes more and more important. This paper demonstrates how to implement a mobile access system based on multi-factor authentication for security mobile communication,at the same time, improving IKE process to make the system more efficient.
Data management at CERN: current status and future trends (1995)

The European Laboratory for Particle Physics (CERN) straddles the Franco-Swiss border near Geneva. The accelerator that is currently in operation, LEP, entered service in 1989 and is expected to run until the end of the current millennium. The recently approved Large Hadron Collider, or LHC, which will coexist with LEP in the existing tunnel, is scheduled to start operation in 2004. This new facility will generate many or even many tens of PB of new data per year. Even the calibration and monitoring data will be in the 100 GB/year range! (Today, we have a few hundred TB of event data and 10-100 MB of calibration data.) We describe the evolution of the CERN-developed mass storage system originally built for LEP, the impact of the IEEE MSS reference model on this evolution, and our plans for the future. We also comment on the evolution, and state of the MSS reference model itself, and on response (or lack of response) from industry to the mass storage challenge that is facing many sites today.
A review of diode and solar cell equivalent circuit model lumped parameter extraction procedures (2014)

This article presents an up-to-date review of several methods used for extraction of diode and solar cell model parameters. In order to facilitate the choice of the most appropriate method for the given particular application, the methods are classified according to their lumped parameter equivalent circuit model: single-exponential, double-exponential, multiple-exponential, with and without series and parallel resistances. In general, methods based on numerical integration or optimization are recommended to reduce the possible uncertainties arising from measurement noise.
Domain broadening in quasi-phase-matched nonlinear optical devices (1998)

Dominant factors influencing domain broadening in periodically poled ferroelectric domain structures for quasi-phase-matched nonlinear optical converters are studied. It is shown that fabricated patterned switching electrode gives rise to a high tangential field causing polarization inversion behind an isolated layer of the patterned electrode. The domain broadening depends on basic electron parameters of a ferroelectric crystal such as surface electron concentration and electron mobility.
Flex-Convolution (Million-Scale Point-Cloud Learning Beyond Grid-Worlds) (2018)

Traditional convolution layers are specifically designed to exploit the natural data representation of images -- a fixed and regular grid. However, unstructured data like 3D point clouds containing irregular neighborhoods constantly breaks the grid-based data assumption. Therefore applying best-practices and design choices from 2D-image learning methods towards processing point clouds are not readily possible. In this work, we introduce a natural generalization flex-convolution of the conventional convolution layer along with an efficient GPU implementation. We demonstrate competitive performance on rather small benchmark sets using fewer parameters and lower memory consumption and obtain significant improvements on a million-scale real-world dataset. Ours is the first which allows to efficiently process 7 million points concurrently.
Libération et résistance (2012)

L’une des questions les plus délicates aujourd’hui est sans doute celle de savoir ce qui est sacré. Si je pouvais donner une réponse, serait-elle valable aussi d’un point de vue oriental ? Vous étudiez ici, au Japon, dans une grande école liée aux traditions catholiques, et je pourrais malgré tout m’imaginer que vos réponses à une telle question feraient appel à des sources sensiblement différentes des miennes. Dans l’ancienne Europe, aux commencements de notre musique, la question de la musi...
신용정보의 체계와 정책 이슈 (2013)

우리나라의 신용정보 이용 및 보호 체계는 1995년 1월 5일 신용정보의 이용 및 보호에 관한 법률이 제정되어 법적 기반을 확보하였고, 그동안 신용정보업의 육성, 신용정보의 효율적 이용 및 체계적 관리, 신용정보 주체의 보호, 신용질서의 확립 등에 기여해 왔으나, 신용정보의 이용 및 제공 등에 엄격한 규제를 적용하고 있어 개선 필요성이 제기되고 있다. 또한, 공공정보 집중 관련 규정에도 불구하고 공공기관이 공공정보의 제공에 소극적이며, 대부업 정보도 금융정보로서 금융시장의 효율성 관점에서 공유정보에 포함시키는 것이 타당할 것이나, 현재 공유가 이루어지지 않고 있다. 신용평가모형의 정확도를 제고하고 금융소외자의 금융시장 접근성을 높이기 위해서는 공공정보 및 대부업 정보의 실질적인 공유가 필요하다. 신용평가업이 신용정보법에서 자본시장법으로 이관되면서 현재 고유업무로 수행중인 신용공여 평가 등의 업무가 부수업무로 분류되는 등 규제상충 문제에 대한 입법적 보완이 필요하다. 또한 신용평가 수익모델의 변경이나 복수평가의 폐지여부에 대해서는 이해상충의 회피를 통한 정확한 신용평가정보의 생산과 투자자 보호라는 관점에서 보다 충분한 연구와 검토가 필요하다. 기업신용정보 인프라는 재무정보의 양과 질이 절대적으로 부족하여 상대적으로 초보단계에 머물러 있으므로 향후 기업정보 유통 활성화를 통한 서비스 고도화와 이를 위한 적극적인 투자가 필요하다.
Resid puts FCC process in new perspective. [Fluid catalytic cracking] (1982)

Some unique concepts in fluid catalytic cracking have been incorporated in a new and large residual oil fluid catalytic cracking unit (FCCU) now in operation at Total Petroleum Inc.'s Ardmore, Okla., refinery. The design and operation of the 40,000-b/d unit (see cover) are based on ideas and observations about catalytic cracking--some of which run counter to traditional thinking--that have been confirmed by cracking heavy feeds for several years in Total's refineries. This article covers the incentives for cracking residual oils, the nature of the catalytic cracking phenomenon employed, and the desired capabilities of a system that unites the incentives with the FCC process.
Selective enrichment and high-throughput screening of phage surface-displayed cDNA libraries from complex allergenic systems. (1999)

Phage surface display technology, first described in 1985, enables the construction of large combinatorial peptide and antibody libraries. The basic concept of linking the phenotype, expressed as gene product displayed on the phage surface, to its genetic information integrated into the phage genome, allows the survey of large libraries for the presence of specific clones using the discriminative power of affinity purification. The selection procedure involves the enrichment of phage by binding to an immobilized target molecule. As a consequence of the physical linkage between genotype and phenotype, sequencing the DNA of the integrated section of the phage genome can readily elucidate the amino acid sequence of a displayed gene product. Phage surface display technology has revolutionized our ability to select agonist and antagonist peptides, antibodies with desired specificities, and DNA-binding molecules. We have extended phage surface display to access cDNA libraries with this powerful screening technology based on affinity selection of desired clones. Here we discuss construction of cDNA libraries displayed on the phage surface, selective enrichment of clones and robotics-based high-throughput screening of enriched libraries.