gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A new approach to reclaimed PET utilization—blends of recycled pet suitable for extrusion blow‐molding technology (1995)

Abstract Polymer blending of reclaimed PET with various types of polyethylene was utilized for the production of materials suitable for the manufacturing of containers using conventional extrusion blow‐molding equipment. Several marketed polymers bearing functional groups that are potentially reactive to PET end groups were used as compatibilizers. A number of blends were produced and found to possess melt properties suitable for the production of extrusion blow‐molded containers having acceptable mechanical characteristics. Containers were tested for compatibility with different chemicals and permeability of commonly used organic solvents. © 1995 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Electrical, Rheological, and Mechanical Properties of Polystyrene/Copper Nanowire Nanocomposites (2007)

The electrical, rheological, and mechanical properties of polystyrene/copper nanowire (PS/CuNW) composites at different CuNW compositions were studied. The copper nanowires were synthesized in our lab using a template-directed method with two different electrode sizes: 90 cm2 (small scale) and 440 cm2 (large scale). The nanocomposites were prepared using solution processing. The electrical percolation threshold of the nanocomposites occurs at a CuNW concentration between 0.50 and 1.00 vol % if the nanowires were produced on the small scale, and between 1.00 and 2.00 vol % if the nanowires were synthesized on the large scale. The dynamic rheological data at 200 °C indicate that the microstructure transition starts at 0.5% with the small-scale nanowires and at 1.1% with the large-scale nanowires, where a combined network of the polymer−nanowires, polymer−polymer, and nanowire−nanowire connections restrains the relaxation of the polymer chain. The morphological characterization by SEM and TEM reveals that the copper nanowires are dispersed in the polymer matrix both as agglomerates and as single nanowires. Tensile tests show that the Young's modulus increases, whereas the tensile strength and the elongation at break decrease, when the concentration of the nanowires increases.
Dynamic SDN Controller Load Balancing (2019)

The software defined networking (SDN) paradigm separates the control plane from the data plane, where an SDN controller receives requests from its connected switches and manages the operation of the switches under its control. Reassignments between switches and their controllers are performed dynamically, in order to balance the load over SDN controllers. In order to perform load balancing, most dynamic assignment solutions use a central element to gather information requests for reassignment of switches. Increasing the number of controllers causes a scalability problem, when one super controller is used for all controllers and gathers information from all switches. In a large network, the distances between the controllers is sometimes a constraint for assigning them switches. In this paper, a new approach is presented to solve the well-known load balancing problem in the SDN control plane. This approach implies less load on the central element and meeting the maximum distance constraint allowed between controllers. An architecture with two levels of load balancing is defined. At the top level, the main component called Super Controller, arranges the controllers in clusters, so that there is a balance between the loads of the clusters. At the bottom level, in each cluster there is a dedicated controller called Master Controller, which performs a reassignment of the switches in order to balance the loads between the controllers. We provide a two-phase algorithm, called Dynamic Controllers Clustering algorithm, for the top level of load balancing operation. The load balancing operation takes place at regular intervals. The length of the cycle in which the operation is performed can be shorter, since the top-level operation can run independently of the bottom level operation. Shortening cycle time allows for more accurate results of load balancing. Theoretical analysis demonstrates that our algorithm provides a near-optimal solution. Simulation results show that our dynamic clustering improves fixed clustering by a multiplicative factor of 5.
Integrating impedance-based growth-rate monitoring into a microfluidic cell culture platform for live-cell microscopy (2018)

Growth rate is a widely studied parameter for various cell-based biological studies. Growth rates of cell populations can be monitored in chemostats and micro-chemostats, where nutrients are continuously replenished. Here, we present an integrated microfluidic platform that enables long-term culturing of non-adherent cells as well as parallel and mutually independent continuous monitoring of (i) growth rates of cells by means of impedance measurements and of (ii) specific other cellular events by means of high-resolution optical or fluorescence microscopy. Yeast colonies were grown in a monolayer under culturing pads, which enabled high-resolution microscopy, as all cells were in the same focal plane. Upon cell growth and division, cells leaving the culturing area passed over a pair of electrodes and were counted through impedance measurements. The impedance data could then be used to directly determine the growth rates of the cells in the culturing area. The integration of multiple culturing chambers with sensing electrodes enabled multiplexed long-term monitoring of growth rates of different yeast strains in parallel. As a demonstration, we modulated the growth rates of engineered yeast strains using calcium. The results indicated that impedance measurements provide a label-free readout method to continuously monitor the changes in the growth rates of the cells without compromising high-resolution optical imaging of single cells.
Proteoglycan UDP-Galactose:β-Xylose β1,4-Galactosyltransferase I Is Essential for Viability inDrosophila melanogaster (2003)

Heparan and chondroitin sulfates play essential roles in growth factor signaling during development and share a common linkage tetrasaccharide structure, GlcAbeta1,3Galbeta1,3Galbeta1,4Xylbeta1-O-Ser. In the present study, we identified the Drosophila proteoglycan UDP-galactose:beta-xylose beta1,4-galactosyltransferase I (dbeta4GalTI), and determined its substrate specificity. The enzyme transferred a Gal to the -beta-xylose (Xyl) residue, confirming it to be the Drosophila ortholog of human proteoglycan UDP-galactose:beta-xylose beta1,4-galactosyltransferase I. Then we established UAS-dbeta4GalTI-IR fly lines containing an inverted repeat of dbeta4GalTI ligated to the upstream activating sequence (UAS) promoter, a target of GAL4, and observed the F(1) generation of the cross between the UAS-dbeta4GalTI-IR fly and the Act5C-GAL4 fly. In the F(1), double-stranded RNA of dbeta4GalTI is expressed ubiquitously under the control of a cytoplasmic actin promoter to induce the silencing of the dbeta4GalTI gene. The expression of the target gene was disrupted specifically, and the degree of interference was correlated with phenotype. The lethality among the progeny proved that beta4GalTI is essential for viability. This study is the first to use reverse genetics, RNA interference, to study the Drosophila glycosyltransferase systematically.
P2P in B2BI (2003)

The integration of applications (application-to-application integration, A2AI) within an enterprise has the advantage that the applications to be integrated are within once enterprise, hence, within once domain of control. Consequently hub-and-spoke architectures are deployed that provide a common infrastructure for integration, namely, the exchange of data between applications. The applications do not communicate directly, but through the hub-and-spoke architecture as an intermediary or "switchboard". In contrast, business-to-business integration (B2BI) relies on the direct exchange of messages between enterprises called peer-to-peer (P2P). The P2P approach has several challenges that come from the fact that there is no intermediary hub "between" the enterprises that acts as a switchboard providing central integration functionality. Therefore, the enterprises involved in B2BI have to provide the integration functionality themselves that the hub-and-spoke architecture performs centrally in A2AI. This paper outlines the requirements for P2P interaction between enterprises and the obstacles lying ahead. Solutions are discussed that implement B2BI functionality based on the P2P approach.
SPARC Architecture, Assembly Language Programming, and C (1993)

From the Publisher:

Provides reader understanding of the complexity and cost of using various data and control structures in high-level languages
Includes the latest material on the new Ultra SPARC architecture
Frequent references to C and C++ language constructs and their translation into SPARC assembly language
Offers optional material on floating point, traps, memory management, and other architectures
Companion Website supplements the text with updates and code examples at ...
Analysis of Joins and Semi Joins in a Distributed Database Queries (2012)

Database is defined as collection of files or table, where as DBMS stands for Database Management System which is collection of unified programs used to manage overall activities of the database. The two dominant approaches used for storing and managing database are centralized database management system and distributed database management system in which data is placed at central location and distributed over several locations respectively. Independent of the database approach used, one of the foremost issue in the database is the retrieval of data by using multiple table from central repository in centralized database and from number of sites in distributed database. Joins and semi joins are primitive operations used to extract required information from one, two or multiple tables. In this paper the focus is given on computing and analyzing the performance of joins and semi joins in distributed database system. The various metrics that will be considered while analyzing performance of join and semi join in distributed database system are Query Cost, Memory used, CPU Cost, Input Output Cost, Sort Operations, Data Transmission, Total Time and Response Time. In short the intention of this study is analyze the performance and behavior of join and semi-join approach in distributed database system.
Oligonucleotide-templated chemical reactions: pushing the boundaries of a nature-inspired process (2012)

Widespread in nature, oligonucleotide-templated reactions of phosphodiester bond formation have inspired chemists who are now applying this elegant strategy to the catalysis of a broad range of otherwise inefficient reactions. This review highlights the increasing diversity of chemical reactions that can be efficiently catalysed by an oligonucleotide template, using Watson-Crick base-pairing to bring both reagents in close enough proximity to react, thus increasing significantly their effective molarity. The applications of this elegant concept for nucleic acid sensing and controlled organic synthesis will also be discussed.
Bildungsunterschiede von Anfang an? (2019)

Zusammenfassung. Die vorliegende Studie ging der Frage nach, inwiefern sich bereits bei Kindern im Alter von vier bis sechs Jahren migrationsbedingte Disparitäten in der naturwissenschaftlichen Kompetenz zeigen. Mit Daten des Nationalen Bildungspanels (National Educational Panel Study – NEPS) 1 wurde anhand von Regressionsmodellen untersucht, welche Struktur- und Prozessmerkmale einen Effekt auf die naturwissenschaftliche Kompetenz der Kinder haben. Besonderes Augenmerk wurde vor dem Hintergrund zunehmender Migrationsbewegungen und der Integration von Kindern mit Migrationshintergrund in unser Bildungssystem auf den häuslichen Sprachgebrauch und den rezeptiven Wortschatz in Deutsch, die Lernumgebungen und die soziale Herkunft der Kinder gelegt. Die Ergebnisse verdeutlichen, dass der rezeptive Wortschatz in Deutsch der wichtigste Prädiktor für die Ausprägung der naturwissenschaftlichen Kompetenz ist. Kinder mit Migrationshintergrund schnitten hinsichtlich ihrer Leistung im Naturwissenschaftstest signifikant schlechter ab als Gleichaltrige ohne Migrationshintergrund, was verdeutlicht, dass entsprechende migrationsbedingte Disparitäten bereits im Vorschulbereich existieren.
Ultra high molecular weight polyethylene (UHMWPE) fiber epoxy composite hybridized with Gadolinium and Boron nanoparticles for radiation shielding (2016)

Deep space radiations pose a major threat to the astronauts and their spacecraft during long duration space exploration missions. The two sources of radiation that are of concern are the galactic cosmic radiation (GCR) and the short lived secondary neutron radiations that are generated as a result of fragmentation that occurs when GCR strikes target nuclei in a spacecraft. Energy loss, during the interaction of GCR and the shielding material, increases with the charge to mass ratio of the shielding material. Hydrogen with no neutron in its nucleus has the highest charge to mass ratio and is the element which is the most effective shield against GCR. Some of the polymers because of their higher hydrogen content also serve as radiation shield materials. Ultra High Molecular Weight Polyethylene (UHMWPE) fibers, apart from possessing radiation shielding properties by the virtue of the high hydrogen content, are known for extraordinary properties. An effective radiation shielding material is the one that will offer protection from GCR and impede the secondary neutron radiations resulting from the fragmentation process. Neutrons, which result from fragmentation, do not respond to the Coulombic interaction that shield against GCR. To prevent the deleterious effects of secondary neutrons, targets such as Gadolinium are required. In this paper, the radiation shielding studies that were carried out on the fabricated sandwich panels by vacuum-assisted resin transfer molding (VARTM) process are presented. VARTM is a manufacturing process used for making large composite structures by infusing resin into base materials formed with woven fabric or fiber using vacuum pressure. Using the VARTM process, the hybridization of Epoxy/UHMWPE composites with Gadolinium nanoparticles, Boron, and Boron carbide nanoparticles in the form of sandwich panels were successfully carried out. The preliminary results from neutron radiation tests show that greater than 99% shielding performance was achieved with these sandwich panels. Moreover, the mechanical testing and thermo-physical analysis performed show that core materials can preserve their thermo-physical and mechanical integrity after radiation.
Multilingual statistical text analysis, Zipf's law and Hungarian speech generation (2002)

The practical challenge of creating a Hungarian e-mail reader has initiated our work on statistical text analysis. The starting point was statistical analysis for automatic discrimination of the language of texts. Later it was extended to automatic re-generation of diacritic signs and more detailed language structure analysis. A parallel study of three different languages-Hungarian, German and English-using text corpora of a similar size gives a possibility for the exploration of both similarities and differences. Corpora of publicly available Internet sources were used. The corpus size was the same (approximately 20 Mbytes, 2.5-3.5 million word forms) for all languages. Besides traditional corpus coverage, word length and occurrence statistics, some new features about prosodic boundaries (sentence initial and final positions, preceding and following a comma) were also computed. Among others, it was found that the coverage of corpora by the most frequent words follows a parallel logarithmic rule for all languages in the 40-85% coverage range, known as Zipf's law in linguistics. The functions are much nearer for English and German than for Hungarian. Further conclusions are also drawn. The language detection and diacritic regeneration applications are discussed in detail with implications on Hungarian speech generation. Diverse further application domains, such as predictive text input, word hyphenation, language modelling in speech recognition, corpus-based speech synthesis, etc. are also foreseen.
Identification on Some Design Key Parameters for Additive Manufacturing: Application on Electron Beam Melting (2013)

Additive manufacturing (AM) consists in building parts from scratch, usually by stacking layers onto one another. Mostly used for rapid prototyping purposes, several AM processes can use metallic alloys which makes the rapid manufacture of end-use parts possible. Many researches are conducted to improve the manufacturing rate, to assess the environmental impact or to study the mechanical properties of test parts manufactured by such processes. In spite of the large number of studies, there is yet to be a designing methodology to take advantage of these processes. The formalization of the manufacturing capabilities and manufacturing constraints that these processes have has especially hardly been conducted. In this paper we investigate the manufacturing constraints of the Electron Beam Melting process, a metallic additive manufacturing process in order to issue recommendations to the designers. We will review the principle of Electron Beam Melting and look at the manufacturing capabilities designers are offered. Then we will focus on some key manufacturing constraints, the powder removing and the necessity of supporting structures. At last, we will give some recommendations regarding these two topics to take advantage of this process from the designing stage of a part.
Exosomes released from human induced pluripotent stem cells-derived MSCs facilitate cutaneous wound healing by promoting collagen synthesis and angiogenesis (2015)

Our findings suggest that hiPSC-MSC-Exos can facilitate cutaneous wound healing by promoting collagen synthesis and angiogenesis. These data provide the first evidence for the potential of hiPSC-MSC-Exos in treating cutaneous wounds.
<i>N</i>1-Azinylsulfonyl-1<i>H</i>-indoles: 5-HT6 Receptor Antagonists with Procognitive and Antidepressant-Like Properties (2016)

A series of N1-azinylsulfonyl-3-(1,2,3,6,tetrahyrdopyridin-4-yl)-1H-indole derivatives was designed to obtain highly potent 5-HT6 receptor ligands. The study allowed for the identification of 25 (4-{[5-methoxy-3-(1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridin-4-yl)-1H-indol-1-yl]sulfonyl}isoquinoline), a potent and selective 5-HT6 receptor antagonist. The selected compound, was evaluated in vivo in a novel object recognition (NOR) and forced swim (FST) tests in rats, demonstrating distinct pro-cognitive and antidepressant-like properties (MED = 1 mg/kg and 0.1 mg/kg, i.p., respectively). Compound SB-742457, used as comparator, reversed memory deficits in NOR task in similar doses, while in FST it was active in 10-30-fold higher dose (3 mg/kg). In contrast to SB-742457, which was active in Vogel test (MED = 3 mg/kg), compound 25 displayed no anxiolytic activity.
On the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis: enzymatic transformation of human low density lipoprotein to an atherogenic moiety. (1995)

Combined treatment with trypsin, cholesterol esterase, and neuraminidase transforms LDL, but not HDL or VLDL, to particles with properties akin to those of lipid extracted from atherosclerotic lesions. Single or double enzyme modifications, or treatment with phospholipase C, or simple vortexing are ineffective. Triple enzyme treatment disrupts the ordered and uniform structure of LDL particles, and gives rise to the formation of inhomogeneous lipid droplets 10-200 nm in diameter with a pronounced net negative charge, but lacking significant amounts of oxidized lipid. Enzymatically modified LDL (E-LDL), but not oxidatively modified LDL (ox-LDL), is endowed with potent complement-activating capacity. As previously found for lipid isolated from atherosclerotic lesions, complement activation occurs to completion via the alternative pathway and is independent of antibody. E-LDL is rapidly taken up by human macrophages to an extent exceeding the uptake of acetylated LDL (ac-LDL) or oxidatively modified LDL. After 16 h, cholesteryl oleate ester formation induced by E-LDL (50 micrograms/ml cholesterol) was in the range of 6-10 nmol/mg protein compared with 3-6 nmol/mg induced by an equivalent amount of acetylated LDL. At this concentration, E-LDL was essentially devoid of direct cytotoxic effects. Competition experiments indicated that uptake of E-LDL was mediated in part by ox-LDL receptor(s). Thus, approximately 90% of 125I-ox-LDL degradation was inhibited by a 2-fold excess of unlabeled E-LDL. Uptake of 125I-LDL was not inhibited by E-LDL. We hypothesize that extracellular enzymatic modification may represent an important step linking subendothelial deposition of LDL to the initiation of atherosclerosis.
Pupil cycle time: a simple way of measuring an autonomic reflex. (1986)

Persistent regular oscillations of the pupil of the eye can be induced using a slit-lamp. The period of these oscillations, pupil cycle time (PCT), is simple to measure with a hand-held stop-watch. Evidence from pharmacological testing suggests that PCT is a sensitive measure of dysfunction of the parasympathetic efferent limb of the pupillary light reflex arc. This is confirmed by the finding that PCT is prolonged in a high proportion of patients with evidence of autonomic neuropathy judged by abnormalities of their cardiovascular reflexes. The method provides a simple, non-invasive way of quantifying an autonomic reflex and it may be of value in investigating patients with diseases affecting the autonomic nervous system.
Low-frequency dispersion characteristics of GaNHFETs (1995)

The low-frequency transconductance and output resistance of AlN/GaN HFETs have been examined as functions of temperature. Dispersive characteristics were found which are indicative of trapping activity in the GaN channel layer. Traps with an activation energy near 1 eV were evident.
Interprocedural dynamic slicing applied to interprocedural data flow testing (2002)

During the past ten years several variants of an analysis technique called program slicing have been developed. Program slicing has applications in maintenance tasks such as debugging, testing, program integration, program verification, etc. and can be characterized as a type of dependence analysis. A program slice can loosely be defined as the subset of a program needed to compute a certain variable value at a certain program position. A novel method for interprocedural dynamic slicing which is more precise than interprocedural static slicing methods and is useful for dependence analysis at the procedural abstraction level was given by M. Kamkar et al. (1992, 1993). It is demonstrated here how interprocedural dynamic slicing can be used to increase the reliability and precision of interprocedural data flow testing. The work on data flow testing reported by E. Duesterwald et al. (1992), which is a novel method for data flow testing through output influences, is generalized.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>