gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Birefringence distribution along fiber length (2005)

We demonstrate the Birefringent Optical Circuit Synthesis (BOGS) capable of estimating modal coupling and phase-shift distributions along a fiber length. By measuring the Stokes parameters dependence on optical frequency, we can derive the unitary matrix elements as z-polynomials to synthesize the birefringent lattice optical circuit. The distribution of mode-coupling angle along the fiber length obtained from BOGS is compared with the POTDR waveform to find their correlation.
The dynamics of energy storage for paraffin wax in cylindrical containers (1983)

Abstract Heat transfer rates were measured to a commercial paraffin wax undergoing freezing and melting in vertical cylindrical containers. Circular, square and axially‐partitioned cylinders were used. Natural convective motions were followed using tracer particles in a visual study of melting. Freezing fluxes were well predicted by a quasi‐steady conduction model. Melting fluxes were enhanced by natural convection. A melting model employing an effective thermal conductivity predicted melting fluxes satisfactorily.
Chiral Memory on Transition between the B2 and B4 Phases in an Achiral Banana-Shaped Molecular System (2004)

The correlation between chirality of the B2 and B4 phases was examined by measuring the circular dichroism (CD) in the classic bent-core molecule, P-12-O-PIMB, which shows a direct B2 to B4 phase transition on cooling. Among the various structures formed in the tilted B2 phase, the homochiral SmCSPF and SmCAPA layer structures show a distinct CD peak at around 400 nm, while no CD effect is observed in the racemic SmCSPA layer structure. In contrast, the lower temperature smectic B4 phase is essentially chiral and it appears to be independent of the type of layer structures of the initial B2 phase. It always exhibits a CD peak at a similar wavelength to that of the homochiral B2 phase, but with opposite sign. By incorporating the optical microscopic observation with the CD measurements, we found that once the chiral domains are formed in the B4 phase, they are conserved thereafter on successive transformation between the B2 and B4 phases. The resulting chiral structure in the B2 phase is homochiral SmCAPA. For this conservation of chirality, there must be an inherent chiral source for both the B2 and B4 phases. We propose that conformational chirality fills this role.
Extracting Resource Terms for Sentiment Analysis (2011)

Existing research on sentiment analysis mainly uses sentiment words and phrases to determine sentiments expressed in documents and sentences. Techniques have also been developed to find such words and phrases using dictionaries and domain corpora. However, there are still other types of words and phrases that do not bear sentiments on their own, but when they appear in some particular contexts, they imply positive or negative opinions. One class of such words or phrases is those that express resources such as water, electricity, gas, etc. For example, “this washer uses a lot of electricity” is negative but “this washer uses little water ” is positive. Extracting such resource words and phrases are important for sentiment analysis. This paper formulates the problem based on a bipartite graph and proposes a novel iterative algorithm to solve the problem. Experimental results using diverse real-life sentiment corpora show good results. 1
New approaches for the immunotherapy of acute myeloid leukemia. (2015)

Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is a set of related diseases characterized by the immortalization and uncontrolled expansion of myeloid precursor cells. Core therapy for AML has remained unchanged for nearly 30 years, and survival rates remain unsatisfactory. However, advances in the immunotherapy of AML have created opportunities for improved outcomes. Enforcing a tumor-specific immune response through the re-direction of the adaptive immune system, which links remarkable specificity with potent cytotoxic effector functions, has proven particularly compelling. This may be coupled with immune checkpoint blockade and conventional therapies for optimal effect. Engineered antibodies are currently in use in AML and the repertoire of available therapeutics will expand. NK cells have shown effectiveness in this disease. New methods to optimize their activation and the targeting of AML show potential. Most significantly, adoptive immunotherapy with tumor-specific T cells, and particularly T cells re-directed using genetically introduced TCR or chimeric antigen receptors, have demonstrated promise. Each of these approaches has unique benefits and challenges that we explore in this review.
Uniplanar MIC Balanced Multiplier-a Proposed New Structure for MIC's (1987)

A novel uniplanar MIC (microwave integrated circuit) and a balanced MIC multiplier are proposed and their characteristics discussed. The circuits use a combination of coplanar waveguides, slotlines, and bonding wires on one side of the substrate. A uniplanar MIC multiplier is designed for use in the 13- and 26-GHz bands and fabricated on an alumina substrate. Good performance with respect to isolation between RF ports is achieved.
On-chip ramp generators for mixed-signal BIST and ADC self-test (2003)

A practical approach to generate on-chip precise and slow analog ramps, intended for time-domain analog testing, monotonicity and histogram-based tests of ADCs is proposed. The technique uses an analog discrete-time adaptive scheme to calibrate the ramp generator. The lowest slope is 0.4V/ms. Three implementations are presented for different levels of accuracy and complexity. Measurement results show excellent accuracy and programmability, up to only 0.6% of slope error and maximum integral nonlinearity error of ±175μV. Experimental and theoretical results are in good agreement.
Scanning electron microscope metrology (1994)

During the manufacturing of present-day integrated circuits, certain measurements must be made of the submicrometer structures composing the device with a high degree of precision. Optical microscopy, scanning electron microscopy and the various forms of scanning probe microscopies are major microscopical techniques used for submicrometer metrology. New techniques applied to scanning electron microscopy have improved some of the limitations of this technique and time will permit even further improvements. This presentation will review the current state of scanning electron microscope (SEM) metrology in light of many of these recent improvements.
Glycemic variability: A strong independent predictor of mortality in critically ill patients* (2008)

This study demonstrates that increasing glycemic variability conferred a strong independent risk of mortality in this heterogeneous population of critically ill patients. Previously published interventional studies of glycemic control may be reinterpreted using the metric of glycemic variability. Measures to ensure a low degree of glycemic variability may improve outcomes in intensive care unit's implementing glycemic control. Finally, ongoing and future investigations should consider including this new metric in their study design.
[The treatment of irritable colon. Efficacy and tolerance of buscopan plus, buscopan, paracetamol and placebo in ambulatory patients with irritable colon]. (1990)

A double-blind, randomized parallel group trial comparison involving 712 patients with irritable bowel syndrome was performed. Over a treatment period of 4 weeks hyoscine-N-butylbromide (30 mg/day p.o.) plus paracetamol (1 500 mg/day p.o.), hyoscine-N-butylbromide (30 mg/day p.o.), paracetamol (1. 500 mg/day p.o.) or placebo (3 tablets/day p.o.) were administered. Patients kept a diary and entered a daily rating of their symptoms (visual analogue scale). At the end of the four weeks 81% of the patients in the Buscopan plus group were deemed "responder" (marked or some improvement in symptoms). In the Buscopan group 76%, in the paracetamol group 72% and in the placebo group 64% of the patients were responders. The differences between the Buscopan plus group and the placebo group, and between the Buscopan group and the placebo group were statistically significant. The daily rating on the analogue scale showed a statistically significant improvement in abdominal pain intensity in the Buscopan plus group versus the placebo group and in the Buscopan plus group versus the paracetamol group. Thirty-eight patients ( = 5%, no differences between the treatment groups) experienced adverse effects, that did not require treatment. Buscopan plus and Buscopan are suitable for the treatment of the irritable bowel syndromes.
An increased capacity DataPlay optical disc and drive (2004)

Based on new market opportunities for consumer electronics devices DataPlay has designed a new version small form-factor optical disc and drive featuring a capacity of 750MB per disc as compared to 500MB per disc of the original product. The NA of the optical pickup has been increased from 0.60 to 0.72. The track pitch of the media has been reduced from 0.74μm to 0.60μm, and the smallest mark size has been decreased from 435nm to 358nm. Details of the new design are presented as well as test results that show the higher capacity design is sufficiently robust to be used in consumer devices.
Measurement of in vivo tumorous/normal tissue pH by localized spectroscopy using a fluorescent marker (1993)

The fluorescein derivatives are now commonly used for measuring intracellular pH. Cytoplasmic pH is estimated from the shape of the pH-dependent excitation spectrum of the trapped fluorescent marker. The ability of 2',7'-bis-(2 carboxyethyl)-5-(and-6)-carboxyfluorescein as a fluorescent probe for pH monitoring <i>in vivo</i> is evaluated and the in vitro pH sensitivity ofthis fluorescent probe is investigated. <i>In vivo</i> experiments were carried out on tumor-grafted mice. Dyes were injected intraperitoneally and fluorescence emission spectra were collected at different excitation wavelengths by an adapted system bearing optic fibers. Ratios were calculated on the basis of maximum emission wavelength fluorescence intensities at retained excitation wavelengths. The choice of wavelength excitation was restricted to 465 nm because the 450-nm excitation wavelength leads to problems of autofluorescence and tissue penetration of light. At a 500/465 ratio, the pH sensitivity is greatly reduced. Kinetic profiles of fluorescence intensities show low tissue and tumoral uptake with a plateau phase 100 mm after dye injection. Ratio values reach a steady state 30 mm after dye injection and remain stable during the whole experiment. The results clearly indicate differences in ratio values for tumoral and normal tissues (<i>p</i> < 0.005). The tumoral ratio (1.88 ± 0.07) is always lower than normal tissue ratio (2.45 ± 0.09).
Authenticated encryption in SSH (2002)

The Secure Shell (SSH) protocol is one of the most popular cryptographic protocols on the Internet. Unfortunately, the current SSH authenticated encryption mechanism is insecure. In this paper we propose several fixes to the SSH protocol and, using techniques from modern cryptography, we prove that our modified versions of SSH meet strong new chosen-ciphertext privacy and integrity requirements. Furthermore, our proposed fixes will require relatively little modification to the SSH protocol or to SSH implementations. We believe that our new notions of privacy and integrity for encryption schemes with stateful decryption algorithms will be of independent interest.
Discovery of Hydrolysis-Resistant Isoindoline <i>N</i>-Acyl Amino Acid Analogues that Stimulate Mitochondrial Respiration (2018)

N-Acyl amino acids directly bind mitochondria and function as endogenous uncouplers of UCP1-independent respiration. We found that administration of N-acyl amino acids to mice improves glucose homeostasis and increases energy expenditure, indicating that this pathway might be useful for treating obesity and associated disorders. We report the full account of the synthesis and mitochondrial uncoupling bioactivity of lipidated N-acyl amino acids and their unnatural analogues. Unsaturated fatty acid chains of medium length and neutral amino acid head groups are required for optimal uncoupling activity on mammalian cells. A class of unnatural N-acyl amino acid analogues, characterized by isoindoline-1-carboxylate head groups (37), were resistant to enzymatic degradation by PM20D1 and maintained uncoupling bioactivity in cells and in mice.
Enantioselective Reduction of α,β‐Unsaturated Carboxylates with NaBH<sub>4</sub> and Catalytic Amounts of Chiral Cobalt Semicorrin Complexes (1989)

High enantioselectivities (up to 96% ee), almost quantitative chemical yields, and mild reaction conditions characterize the title reaction. It is suitable, for example, for the synthesis of isoprenoid chains as occur in the vitamins E and K1. An example is reaction (a), R  CH2OSiMe2tBu.
Illness behavior and psychosocial factors in diffuse upper limb pain disorder: a case-control study. (2003)

The primary etiology of endemic diffuse ULPD, presenting in secondary care, is no more psychiatric, psychological, behavioral, or related to personality than is the case with a similarly chronic and painful condition of known pathology. We cannot exclude either a specific role for psychosocial factors at work, or a more general role for psychosocial factors in maintaining disability in patients with chronic pain.
Achievable rate region for spatial multiplexing systems using the MMSE criterion (2002)

We address the problem of designing jointly an optimum precoder and equalizer for a MIMO spatial multiplexing system using the MMSE criterion. Next, we compare the optimum power allocation policy and the achievable rate region for such a system to the well-known rate maximizing precoder and decoder design.
<title>Tooth study by terahertz time-domain spectroscopy</title> (2008)

Experimental absorption and refraction spectra measured for different tooth structures in THz frequency range from 0.1 to 3 THz (3-100 cm<sup>-1</sup>) are presented. Characteristic features of refraction spectrum were found for different areas of tooth enamel and dentin.
EFFECT OF BENTONITE ON SKIN WOUND HEALING: EXPERIMENTAL STUDY IN THE RAT MODEL (2014)

Abstract- Wound healing in the skin depends upon the availability of appropriate trace metals as enzyme cofactors and structural components in tissue repair. The present study is a part of a series of experimental investigations to examine the influence of Bentonite on skin wound healing. Surgically induced skin wounds in 48 young adult male rats were exposed topically to Bentonite (12 round wound and 12 incisional wound) and control wounds (12 round wound and 12 incisional wound) received de-ionized water only. Skin wounds (round and incisional) treated with Bentonite exhibited no significant difference in margins with erythema and edematous changes. Scab and wound debris was more extensive and persisted for at least 7 days after surgery in control group (P &lt; 0.05). Skin wounds exposed to Bentonite exhibited a mild retarded re-epithelialization, the treatment wounds were characterized by a prominent central mass of inflammatory cells, cell debris and wound exudate. The intense infiltrate of lymphocytes, macrophages, monocytes and fibroblasts extended from the wound margin into the region of the panniculus carnosus muscle and hypodermis. Vascular dilatation and dermal oedema were prominent features of these wounds. External utilization of Bentonite for wound healing is safe and feasible, and we finalized that macroscopic healing of wound that treated by Bentonite was superior versus control group.
Large area ITO-free flexible white OLEDs with Orgacon PEDOT:PSS and printed metal shunting lines (2009)

We demonstrate the feasibility of white organic light-emitting diodes that exclude the transparent conductor indium-tinoxide. Instead, a highly conductive Orgacon<sup>TM</sup> PEDOT:PSS material in combination with a metal support structure is used as transparent anode and hole-injection layer. The PEDOT:PSS exhibits a conductivity of 460±20 S/cm and a work function of 5.35±0.05 eV. On ITO-free OLEDs on glass with an active area of ~6 cm<sup>2</sup> the inclusion of 120 nm thick printed metal lines reduces the variation in brightness from 35% to 20%. The ITO-free concept based on PEDOT:PSS with printed metal structures is scaled up to large flexible OLEDs with a size of 150 cm<sup>2</sup> on a heat-stabilized Teonex® Polyethylene Naphtalate foil. The voltage distribution across the various electrodes was verified by a finite element model, allowing a prediction of the OLED brightness and homogeneity over large areas.
31P NMR study of improvement in oxidative phosphorylation by vitamins K3 and C in a patient with a defect in electron transport at complex III in skeletal muscle. (1984)

The bioenergetic capacity of skeletal muscle in a 17-year-old patient with a severe defect in complex III of the electron transport chain has been examined by 31P NMR measurements of the molar ratio of phosphocreatine to inorganic phosphate (PCr/Pi). Resting ratios were 1.3-2.5, which can be compared with roughly 8.6 for a young, normal female control at rest. Quantitative evaluation of the activity of oxidative metabolism was afforded by the rate of recovery of PCr/Pi from exercise and was found to be 2.5% of normal. After administration of menadione and ascorbate, we found a 21-fold increase of the recovery rate relative to the pretherapy value, to within 56% of the recovery rate of the young female control. Thus, NMR examinations of skeletal muscle at rest and in recovery from activity document marked improvement to specific drug therapy in the electron transport capabilities and the ATP synthesis rate of a patient with a deficiency in a cytochrome b-containing complex III. Improvements in functional ability, although not as dramatic as biochemical changes, are also apparent.
Mucosal Healing and Risk for Lymphoproliferative Malignancy in Celiac Disease (2013)

Increased risk for LPM in CD is associated with the follow-up biopsy results, with a higher risk among patients with persistent villous atrophy. Follow-up biopsy may effectively stratify patients with CD by risk for subsequent LPM.
Comparison of RT-PCR with other diagnostic assays for rapid detection of influenza viruses (1998)

To compare the effectiveness of reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), shell vial culture and cytospin assay as laboratory techniques for rapid diagnosis of influenza infections, a retrospective study was carried out on 270 aliquots of oropharyngeal swabs collected from October 1993 to March 1996 and already characterized by standard isolation procedures, and a prospective study in which 65 clinical samples taken from patients with influenza-like syndrome between October 1996 and March 1997 were tested. In the retrospective study, using conventional isolation as the gold standard, the sensitivity of RT-PCR and cytospin assay for virus A was 100% (95% confidence interval (CI), 89.1-100) and for virus B it was 100% (95% CI, 56.1-100) compared with 77.5% (95% CI, 61.1-88.6) and 71.4% (95% CI, 30.3-94.9) for shell vial culture. The specificity of all the three assays was 100% (95% CI, 98.0-100) for virus A and 100% (95% CI, 98.2-100) for virus B. In the prospective study the sensitivity of RT-PCR was greater than that of the other tests considered, both rapid and standard. It is suggested that RT-PCR should be employed in combination with conventional culture techniques in routine diagnosis of influenza infections in order to obtain results more rapidly and to improve virus detection even in circumstances in which standard isolation could be problematic.
Abstract 1193: Treatment of breast cancer xenografts with paclitaxel enriches for cancer stem cells that can be targeted by a ROR1-specific antibody (2016)

Abstract Although initially responsive to hormone therapy and chemotherapy, many patients with metastatic breast cancer develop resistant and potentially fatal disease. One of the mechanisms of resistance is the emergence of post-treatment survival of a small number of breast cancer stem cells (CSC), which are relatively resistant to chemotherapy, have self-renewal capacity, and can repopulate the tumor and spread to distal sites. New therapies are required to eliminate breast CSC that could be used alone or in combination with standard therapy to mitigate the risk of developing relapsed disease. In this study, treatment of immune-deficient mice bearing breast-cancer patient-derived xenografts (PDX) with paclitaxel reduced tumor volumes, but enhanced the proportion of tumor cells that expressed ROR1, an RTK-like orphan receptor that is ordinarily expressed during embryogenesis. We found that breast cancer tumors with high levels of ROR1 expression were enriched for stem-cell gene-expression signatures. Moreover, cells isolated from breast cancer PDX that were positive for CSC markers such as aldehyde dehydrogenase 1 (ALDH1) were enriched for ROR1 expression, and ROR1+-cells isolated from breast cancer PDX had a greater capacity to form spheroids in vitro or re-engraft immune-deficient mice, than did ROR1-negative (ROR1Neg) cells isolated from the same tumor population. Treatment of breast cancer cells with a humanized anti-ROR1 mAb, UC-961, suppressed expression of the polycomb-ring-finger oncogene Bmi-1, and genes encoding proteins implicated in the epithelial-mesenchymal transition. UC-961 also impaired the capacity of breast-cancer cells to form spheroids or to re-engraft immune-deficient mice. Finally, combined therapy with UC-961 and paclitaxel appeared more effective in reducing re-engraftment potential than either agent alone (Table1). Collectively, this study implies that patients with advanced breast cancer may benefit from anti-CSC therapy, either alone or in combination with conventional anti-cancer drugs. Citation Format: Suping Zhang, Grace Liu, Sam H. Lai, Han Zhang, Emanuela M. Ghia, Bing Cui, Rongrong Wu, George Widhopf, Jian Yu, Richard Schwab, Karen Messer, Barbara Parker, Thomas J. Kipps. Treatment of breast cancer xenografts with paclitaxel enriches for cancer stem cells that can be targeted by a ROR1-specific antibody. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 107th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2016 Apr 16-20; New Orleans, LA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2016;76(14 Suppl):Abstract nr 1193.
A Niche for Microfluidics in Portable Hematology Analyzers (2010)

The complete blood count (CBC) has by and large remained confined to the traditional laboratory setting since its inception. Used in a variety of diagnostic assessments, the CBC has essentially become limited to clinical laboratories because of reliance on large automated hematology devices. With many potential uses at the point of care and clinical settings, as well as the research laboratory, a portable low-cost hematology analyzer could aid in earlier detection of a wide variety of medical conditions. Using smaller sample volumes, inexpensive polymers, and low power consumption, microfluidic devices present one such route toward miniaturization of the traditional flow cytometer-based hematology analyzers. This review focuses on challenges for development of cost-effective portable analyzers, potential areas for point-of-care clinical usage, current commercial systems with increasing portability, and recent research in improved miniaturization and automation, including developments in acoustic and inertial focusing techniques and novel detection methodologies.