gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Properties of Photosensor with Amorphous Si:H/SiO<sub>x</sub>:H Double-Layer Structure (1992)

A new amorphous silicon photosensor with glass/Cr/a-Si:H/a-SiO x :H/ITO structure was prepared. Initially, the photoresponse of this structure to a light pulse is about 750 times slower than that of the photosensor with the inverse (glass/ITO/a-SiO x :H/a-Si:H/Cr) structure. The X-ray photoemission spectra show that the a-SiO x :H surface is additionally oxidized during deposition of the ITO electrode. A fast response with a rise time of less than 1 ms can be obtained by treating the a-SiO x :H surface with boron plasma or depositing the boron-doped a-SiO x :H layer onto the undoped a-SiO x :H layer before the ITO deposition.
Construction of DGLA producing cell factory by genetic modification of Mucor circinelloides (2019)

To our knowledge, this is the first report describing the overexpression of D6E (GLELO) gene in M. circinelloides to construct DGLA producing cell factory. A new scope for further research has been established by this work for improved production of DGLA in this fungus, specifically in its high lipid-producing strain, WJ11.
Reconstructing Pathways in Large Genetic Networks from Genetic Perturbations (2004)

I present an algorithm that determines the longest path between every gene pair in an arbitrarily large genetic network from large scale gene perturbation data. The algorithm's computational complexity is O(nk(2)), where n is the number of genes in the network and k is the average number of genes affected by a genetic perturbation. The algorithm is able to distinguish a large fraction of direct regulatory interactions from indirect interactions, even if the accuracy of its input data is substantially compromised.
Glucose-regulated Protein 94 Triage of Mutant Myocilin through Endoplasmic Reticulum-associated Degradation Subverts a More Efficient Autophagic Clearance Mechanism (2012)

Treating glaucoma could be possible by inhibiting Grp94 and reducing its novel client, mutant myocilin. Clearance of misfolded proteins in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) is traditionally handled by ER-associated degradation (ERAD), a process that requires retro-translocation and ubiquitination mediated by a luminal chaperone network. Here we investigated whether the secreted, glaucoma-associated protein myocilin was processed by this pathway. Myocilin is typically transported through the ER/Golgi network, but inherited mutations in myocilin lead to its misfolding and aggregation within trabecular meshwork cells, and ultimately, ER stress-induced cell death. Using targeted knockdown strategies, we determined that glucose-regulated protein 94 (Grp94), the ER equivalent of heat shock protein 90 (Hsp90), specifically recognizes mutant myocilin, triaging it through ERAD. The addition of mutant myocilin to the short list of Grp94 clients strengthens the hypothesis that β-strand secondary structure drives client association with Grp94. Interestingly, the ERAD pathway is incapable of efficiently handling the removal of mutant myocilin, but when Grp94 is depleted, degradation of mutant myocilin is shunted away from ERAD toward a more robust clearance pathway for aggregation-prone proteins, the autophagy system. Thus ERAD inefficiency for distinct aggregation-prone proteins can be subverted by manipulating ER chaperones, leading to more effective clearance by the autophagic/lysosomal pathway. General Hsp90 inhibitors and a selective Grp94 inhibitor also facilitate clearance of mutant myocilin, suggesting that therapeutic approaches aimed at inhibiting Grp94 could be beneficial for patients suffering from some cases of myocilin glaucoma.
Use of passive hearing protectors and adaptive noise reduction for field recording of otoacoustic emissions in industrial noise (2013)

Distortion product otoacoustic emissions (DPOAEs) can detect noise-induced hearing loss in-field, but their data extraction is very sensitive to background noise. This paper investigates how passive and active noise reduction enhance DPOAE recording based on data collected in white noise from 54 dB(A) to 90 dB(A). Despite considerable high-frequency attenuation from a proper placed DPOAE probe, 54 dB(A) background noise deteriorates the test outcome substantially. More low-frequency attenuation by an extra passive earmuff enables measurements in white noise levels of 70 dB(A). The relationship between external sound level and noise recorded by the DPOAE system has been statistically modeled. Additionally, the upper limits of attenuation improvement are analyzed by quantifying residual physiological noise. Furthermore, for an earplug integrating microphone and speakers of the DPOAE measurement probe, adaptive noise reduction processing on the DPOAE signal is used to improve the signal-to-noise ratio. The adaptive noise reduction (ANR) is implemented using the NLMS algorithm to filter out the ambient noise, measured by the first microphone measuring the DPOAE signal, with a second miniature microphone mounted flush with the external faceplate of the isolating DPOAE probe. Simulated data show that DPOAE response extraction is possible in an environment with noise levels exceeding 70 dB(A).
Graft copolymer compatibilizers for blends of polypropylene and ethylene-propylene copolymers (1991)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTGraft copolymer compatibilizers for blends of polypropylene and ethylene-propylene copolymersDavid J. Lohse, Sudhin Datta, and Edward N. KresgeCite this: Macromolecules 1991, 24, 2, 561–566Publication Date (Print):January 1, 1991Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 January 1991https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ma00002a034https://doi.org/10.1021/ma00002a034research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views811Altmetric-Citations93LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Synthesis of boron nitride nanotubes and their applications (2015)

Boron nitride nanotubes (BNNTs) have been increasingly investigated for use in a wide range of applications due to their unique physicochemical properties including high hydrophobicity, heat and electrical insulation, resistance to oxidation, and hydrogen storage capacity. They are also valued for their possible medical and biomedical applications including drug delivery, use in biomaterials, and neutron capture therapy. In this review, BNNT synthesis methods and the surface modification strategies are first discussed, and then their toxicity and application studies are summarized. Finally, a perspective for the future use of these novel materials is discussed.
Mixed-mode multicore reliability (2009)

Future processors are expected to observe increasing rates of hardware faults. Using Dual-Modular Redundancy (DMR), two cores of a multicore can be loosely coupled to redundantly execute a single software thread, providing very high coverage from many difference sources of faults. This reliability, however, comes at a high price in terms of per-thread IPC and overall system throughput. We make the observation that a user may want to run both applications requiring high reliability, such as financial software, and more fault tolerant applications requiring high performance, such as media or web software, on the same machine at the same time. Yet a traditional DMR system must fully operate in redundant mode whenever any application requires high reliability. This paper proposes a Mixed-Mode Multicore (MMM), which enables most applications, including the system software, to run with high reliability in DMR mode, while applications that need high performance can avoid the penalty of DMR. Though conceptually simple, two key challenges arise: 1) care must be taken to protect reliable applications from any faults occurring to applications running in high performance mode, and 2) the desire to execute additional independent software threads for a performance application complicates the scheduling of computation to cores. After solving these issues, an MMM is shown to improve overall system performance, compared to a traditional DMR system, by approximately 2X when one reliable and one performance application are concurrently executing.
Abstract 5343: Development of novel anti-CD27 human antibodies with therapeutic potential (2010)

Abstract The costimulatory molecule CD27 is a member of the tumor necrosis factor (TNF) receptor superfamily, and is constitutively expressed on the majority of mature T cells, memory B cells, and a portion of NK cells. The interaction of CD27 with its ligand CD70 plays key roles in T cell activation, proliferation, survival, maturation of effector capacity and memory; in clonal B cell expansion and germinal center formation; and in NK cell cytolytic activity. Previous reports have shown that antigen-specific CD8+ cytolytic T cell immunity can be augmented through CD27 activation in mice. Of particular relevance is the work by M. J. Glennie et al. demonstrating that an agonistic anti-mouse CD27 mAb given without a DC maturation signal has potent anti-tumor activity through boosting of T cell immunity. To explore the therapeutic potential of this target, a panel of fully human antibodies recognizing human CD27 was generated using human Ig transgenic mice immunized with recombinant human CD27. These human anti-CD27 mAbs showed specific and high affinity binding to CD27 and CD27-expressing lymphoma cells. We generated transgenic mice that express human CD27 (hCD27-Tg) to evaluate the anti-human CD27 mAbs in vivo. The expression profile and regulation of the human CD27 transgene driven by its own promoter were similar to that observed with endogenous mouse CD27. Administration of anti-human CD27 mAbs in combination with ovalbumin greatly enhanced antigen specific T cell responses compared to ovalbumin plus human IgG1 isotype control in the hCD27-Tg mice. The SIINFEKL-specific CD8+ T cell proliferation and activation were detected by pentamer staining and IFNγ ELISPOT analysis. These data support the further development of these novel human anti-CD27 antibodies and we are currently investigating their therapeutic activity using various in vivo tumor models. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 101st Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2010 Apr 17-21; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2010;70(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 5343.
Phase Retrieval for Radio Telescope and Antenna Control (2011)

Phase-retrieval is a general term used in optics to describe the estimation of optical imperfections or aberrations. The purpose of this innovation is to develop the application of phase retrieval to radio telescope and antenna control in the millimeter wave band. Earlier techniques do not approximate the incoherent subtraction process as a coherent propagation. This approximation reduces the noise in the data and allows a straightforward application of conventional phase retrieval techniques for radio telescope and antenna control. The application of iterative-transform phase retrieval to radio telescope and antenna control is made by approximating the incoherent subtraction process as a coherent propagation. Thus, for systems utilizing both positive and negative polarity feeds, this approximation allows both surface and alignment errors to be assessed without the use of additional hardware or laser metrology. Knowledge of the antenna surface profile allows errors to be corrected at a given surface temperature and observing angle. In addition to imperfections of the antenna surface figure, the misalignment of multiple antennas operating in unison can reduce or degrade the signal-to-noise ratio of the received or broadcast signals. This technique also has application to the alignment of antenna array configurations.
Improving the Boneh-Franklin Traitor Tracing Scheme. (2008)

Traitor tracing schemes are cryptographically secure broadcast methods that allow identification of conspirators: if a pirate key is generated by k traitors out of a static set of ℓ legitimate users, then all traitors can be identified given the pirate key. In this paper we address three practicality and security issues of the Boneh-Franklin traitor-tracing scheme. In the first place, without changing the original scheme, we modify its tracing procedure in the non-black-box model such that it allows identification of k traitors in time Õ(k2), as opposed to the original tracing complexity Õ(ℓ). This new tracing procedure works independently of the nature of the Reed-Solomon code used to watermark private keys. As a consequence, in applications with billions of users it takes just a few minutes on a common desktop computer to identify large collusions. Secondly, we exhibit the lack of practical value of list-decoding algorithms to identify more than k traitors. Finally, we show that 2k traitors can derive the keys of all legitimate users and we propose a fix to this security issue.
Combined chemical-shift and phase-selective imaging for fat suppression: theory and initial clinical experience. (1991)

Incomplete fat suppression with a chemical-shift-selective (CHESS) or phase-selective (Dixon) technique is partially due to the olefinic fat component, which precesses at the same frequency as water. The authors developed a new method of fat suppression--the opposed-fat saturation (OP-ES) sequence--that combines both techniques to obtain superior fat saturation. Fat suppression was verified in phantom studies, which showed that the CHESS portion can eliminate most of the aliphatic fat signal except for a small residual component because of steady state effects and magnetic field imperfections. This residual component is cancelled by the olefinic fat with the phase-selective opposed portion of the sequence. Furthermore, this sequence was superior to another hybrid technique, chopper Dixon in combination with CHESS. When used in 10 healthy volunteers, the OP-FS sequence showed consistently better suppression of the subcutaneous and retroperitoneal fat compared with CHESS alone. Additional advantages for clinical abdominal imaging include its compatibility with respiratory compensation, use of a single excitation, and ease of implementation with gradient-echo imaging. Preliminary application in 10 patients illustrated other potential advantages, including clarification of fat-containing diseases and increasing conspicuity of some lesions.
Energy transfer between quantum dots of different sizes for quantum dot solar cells (2009)

Exciton recombination and slow charge carrier transport, major limitations of advanced photovoltaic cells, may be mitigated by designing cells with strong electric fields in the active regions. This may be done by combining quantum dots (QDs) of different Fermi levels in close proximity. While previous reports of quantum dot solar cells utilizing QDs of different sizes indicate that electrons and holes are transferred together from large bandgap QDs to small bandgap quantum dots, lowering the efficiency of the solar cell, we report a mechanism that may be able to use different bandgap QDs to split excitons and drive charge carrier transport, increasing the efficiency of solar cells. Quantum simulations of band structures of QDs show indications of this behavior, and experiments on solar cells with quantum dots of different sizes separated by thin insulating layers show improved photocurrent compared to solar cells with QDs of the same size.
Pressure and shear differentially alter human articular chondrocyte metabolism: a review. (2004)

Homeostasis of articular cartilage depends in part on mechanical loads generated during daily activity whereas inappropriate joint loads result in focal degeneration of cartilage, as occurs in osteoarthritis. We will review results of a series of questions regarding the effects of two types of mechanical loads-intermittent hydrostatic pressure and shear stress-on adult human articular chondrocytes in high-density monolayer culture. Intermittent hydrostatic pressure increased aggrecan and Type II collagen gene expression in normal chondrocytes and induced changes in the cell-associated proteins of normal and osteoarthritic chondrocytes. Hydrostatic pressure also counteracted inhibitory effects of bacterial lipopolysaccharide on matrix protein expression by cultured chondrocytes. Application of shear stress to osteoarthritic chondrocytes increased the release of the proinflammatory mediator, nitric oxide, decreased aggrecan and Type II collagen expression, and induced molecular changes associated with apoptosis whereas hydrostatic pressure increased matrix macromolecule expression. The findings show that the types of load comprising the mechanical loading environment of articular cartilage considerably alter chondrocyte metabolism and suggest that mechanical stimulation may be used for in vitro or in vivo approaches for cartilage engineering.
Protection Against Papillomavirus with a Polynucleotide Vaccine (1997)

Genital infectionswith human papillomavirus(HPV) are increasingly recognized as a significant source of human disease; HPV is now implicated in up to 90% of cervicalcarcinomas.Neutralizing antibodies against papillomaviruses recognize conformational epitopes formed when viral capsid proteins assemble into virions or virus-like particles. Immunization with plasmid DNA encoding the major viral capsid protein L1 was studied as a means of inducing neutralizing antibodies and protection against virus challenge. In a cottontail rabbit papillomavirus (CRPV) model, immuniza­ tion with plasmid DNA encoding L1 elicitedconformationally specific neutralizing antibodies and provided immunity against papilloma formation upon challenge with CRPV. Immunization with DNA encoding the capsid protein may provide a means of protecting humans against HPV and would simplifythe production of multivalent vaccines by combining plasmids that encode the viral capsid proteins of different strains. This may be of importance given the multiplicity of HPV types capable of causing disease. Genital infection with human papillomavirus (HPV) is in­ creasingly recognized as a source of sexually transmitted dis­ ease in the United States [1], Infection with HPV may cause genital condylomas and cervical neoplasia and may be associ­ ated with as many as 90% of cervical carcinomas [2]. There are at least 76 types of HPV, and -40 infect the human repro­ ductive tract [3]. Types 16, 18, 31, 33, 35, 45, and 56 are commonly found in premalignant dysplasias and cervical carci­ nomas and are thought to be etiologic agents for cancer, whereas types 6, 11, 42, 43, and 44 are the most common causes of genital condylomas [3]. Both the carcinoma- and condyloma-associated types may be found in cervical intraepi­ thelial neoplasia [3].
Human T‐cell responses to the RD1‐encoded protein TB27.4 (Rv3878) from <i>Mycobacterium tuberculosis</i> (2003)

In recent years, there has been considerable focus on the discovery and characterization of proteins derived from Mycobacterium tuberculosis leading to the identification of a number of candidate antigens for use in vaccine development or for diagnostic purposes. Previous experiments have demonstrated an important immunological role for proteins encoded by the RD1 region, which is absent from all strains of bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG) but present in the genomes of virulent M. bovis and M. tuberculosis. Herein, we have studied human T-cell responses to the antigen encoded by the putative open reading frame (rv3878) of the RD1 region. Immunoblot analysis revealed that rv3878 was expressed and the native protein was designated TB27.4. Immunological evaluations demonstrate that TB27.4 elicits a prominent immune response in human tuberculosis patients with a dominant region in the C-terminal part of the molecule. In contrast, very limited responses were seen in M. bovis BCG-vaccinated donors. This study therefore emphasizes the diagnostic potential of proteins encoded by the RD1 region.
<title>Digital signal processing in optical coherence tomography</title> (1997)

Optical coherence tomography (OCT) is a novel medical imaging modality which utilizes coherence ranging to perform high resolution (approximately 10 micrometer) non-invasive sub- surface imaging of biostructures. We have developed an OCT system consisting of a low-coherence interferometer and a calibration interferometer allowing sub-micron interferogram acquisition accuracy. We propose some digital signal processing strategies for image enhancement in optical coherence tomography. A linear shift invariant system model is presented for describing coherent light-tissue interactions in optical coherence tomography. In this model, the electric field backscattered from a target specimen is treated as a convolution of the incident field and a postulated tissue impulse response which describes the profile of scattering sites within the specimen. Based on this model, a novel technique for enhancing the sharpness of optical coherence tomographic images of biological structures using digital deconvolution is demonstrated. Using this approach, resolution improvement by a factor of greater than 2.2 is achieved in the longitudinal direction.