gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Dithiane, Trithiane, and Dithiazane-Based Photolabile Scaffolds for Molecular Recognition: Mechanism and Efficiency of the Photoinduced Fragmentation in Aqueous Reductive Environments (2005)

Abstract Photoinduced fragmentation in dithiane and trithiane adducts of aromatic ketones and aldehydes was studied in aqueous reductive environments. Density functional computations were carried out for thioxanthone derivatives bearing donor and acceptor substituents in the aromatic ring to identify the substitution pattern that is most promising for the productive irreversible electron transfer. KeyWord: Mesolytic fragmentationphotoinduced electron transfersulfur-centered cation radicalsthioxanthone Acknowledgments Support of this research by the National Science Foundation, Grant CHE-314344, is gratefully acknowledged.
Toward Practical, Subwavelength, Visible-Light Photolithography with Hyperlens (2017)

The future success of semiconductor technology relies on the continuing reduction of the feature size, allowing more components per chip and higher speed. Optical metamaterial-based hyperlens exhibit the ability for spatial pattern compression from the micro- to nanoscale, potentially addressing the ever-increasing demand of photolithograpy for inexpensive, all-optical nanoscale pattern recoding. Here, we demonstrate a photolithography system enabling a feature size of 80 nm using a 405 nm laser source. To realize such a system, we developed a fabrication method to obtain very thick hyperbolic metamaterial enabling a hyperlens with a very large demagnification rate of 3.75. Finally, we discuss several steps necessary to transform the proposed technique into a practical solution for the visible-light-based nanolithography. These include flattening of the inner surface of the hyperlens to increase the working area and integrating the proposed device into a conventional stepper system.
PREPARATION OF Pb-Ca-Na MASTER ALLOY USING MOLTEN CHLORIDE SALT ELECTROLYSIS (1996)

ＰＲＥＰＡＲＡＴＩＯＮＯＦＰｂ－Ｃａ－ＮａＭＡＳＴＥＲＡＬＬＯＹＵＳＩＮＧＭＯＬＴＥＮＣＨＬＯＲＩＤＥＳＡＬＴＥＬＥＣＴＲＯＬＹＳＩＳＳｏｎｇＲｅｎｙｉｎｇ；ＷａｎｇＸｉｎｇｊｉｅ；ＬｕｏＳｈｕｍｅｉ；ＪｉａｎｇＣｈａｎ；ＴａｎｇＤｉｎｇｘｉａｎｇ（...
Reliability of Electronic Control Units in Motor Vehicles (1998)

<div class="htmlview paragraph">Starting form real field data modern statistical procedures and models including their parameters for determination of reliability functions, such as expected life time and hazard rate, for series ECUs are presented. Prediction models and methods of abscissa transformation provide additional applications. The quality of these methods is demonstrated with various control groups.</div>
Spontaneous speech dialogue system TOSBURG II—the user‐centered multimodal interface (1995)

Abstract This paper considers the user‐centered spontaneous speech dialogue system TOSBURG‐II (Taskoriented dialogue system based on speech understanding and response generation), and discusses the design from the viewpoint of media technology and a multimodal interface. The authors have developed element techniques, including spontaneous speech understanding, user‐center dialogue control, multimodal response generation and speech response cancelling, all based on the noise‐immune word‐spotting and key‐words. The concept is that “no constraint is imposed on the user.” By integrating these techniques, the realtime speech dialogue system for an unspecified user is developed. The speech dialogue data acquisition/ evaluation system is constructed on the real system. The system can record real speech data as well as the intermediate result of processing in the dialogue system, such as keyword spotting, speech understanding and dialogue processing. The system can also be utilized in the construction of the speech dialogue corpus and the evaluation/improvement of the human factor aspect, in addition to the evaluation of the system performance. As a result of trial use and evaluation experiment for the real system for unspecified users, it is verified that spontaneous speech understanding based on the interruption function by the user and the multimodal response and keywords, is useful in improving the naturalness of the dialogue and robustness.
Clays as dietary supplements for swine: A review (2015)

Clays are crystalline, hydrated aluminosilicate molecules composed of alkali and alkaline earth cations along with small amounts of various other elements. The best-known are montmorillonite, smectite, illite, kaolinite, biotite and clinoptilolite. The molecules in these clays are arranged in three-dimensional structures creating internal voids and channels capable of trapping a wide variety of molecules. As a result of this structure, clay minerals are regarded as a simple and effective tool for the prevention of the negative effects of many toxic compounds. Dietary supplementation with clays has been shown to improve weight gain and feed conversion in pigs. Where improvements in performance have been noted, one of the most likely explanations for the improvement is the fact clays increase nutrient digestibility. Clays reduce the speed of passage of feed along the digestive tract which allows more time for digestion. Feeding clays also causes morphological changes in the intestinal mucosa such as an increase in villus height and an increase in the villus height to crypt depth ratio. These changes increase the surface area of the gastrointestinal tract thus increasing nutrient digestibility. Several studies have indicated that feeding clay reduces the incidence, severity and duration of diarrhea in pigs. The mechanism for the reduction in diarrhea is likely due to increases in the numbers of Bifidobacteria and Lactobacillus and decreases in Clostridia and E. coli in the small intestine of pigs fed clays. In addition, the numbers of pigs born alive and weaned, birth weight and weaning weight have been shown to be higher for sows fed clays. Several studies have indicated that clays can help mitigate the effects of mycotoxins. The aim of the present review is to focus on the various clays which have been given attention in recent research and to discuss their potential to improve pig performance.
Ion implantation doping and isolation of In0.5Ga0.5P (1991)

The activation of Si and Be ions implanted into In0.5Ga0.5P grown by gas-source molecular beam epitaxy on GaAs substrates was investigated as a function of ion dose (5×1012–1015 cm−2) and rapid thermal annealing conditions (500–950 °C; 10 s). Activation efficiencies close to 100% are obtained for Be doses up to ∼1014 cm−2 and annealing temperatures of 700–850 °C. By contrast, implanted Si displays a saturation in active sheet electron densities at ∼3×1013 cm−2 and requires annealing at 900 °C for optimum activation efficiency. High sheet resistance (≥ (R18)108 Ω/⧠) regions are created by O+ implantation into n+InGaP(Si), with hopping conduction dominating carrier transport in the bombarded material. For postimplant annealing temperatures above 750 °C, the conductivity is restored to its initial value. No evidence is found for the creation of electrically active oxygen-related deep levels in In0.5Ga0.5P.
Optical detection of magnetic resonance (ODMR) of triple-layered phanes (1981)

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Planning for natural hazard resilience: An assessment of contemporary Australian disaster management policy and strategy (2018)

As climatic trends point to an increase in the severity of natural hazard conditions, the risk to Australian settlements is only increasing. Although these events are unavoidable, resilience management seeks to foster greater adaptive capacity through new-age policies and strategies. This paper provides an assessment of contemporary Australian disaster management policies and aims to determine how strategic plans incorporate and foster resilience through planning interventions. A key aim is to comparatively assess, through the application of a discursive methodology of analysis, the differences that lie between these plans to gauge the current state of resilience management in an Australian context.
Economic recovery of marginal offshore gas (1980)

Transportation of 10.7 million cu ft/day of natural gas compressed to 2400 psi by barge from a reservoir 15 mi from the nearest offloading point would require total operating costs of $1.191/1000 cu ft, as compared with $2.749/1000 cu ft by pipeline, assuming 8 billion cu ft of reserves. Two or three barges moved by tugs at 9 knots max would contain 12 vessels holding 300,000 cu ft each of gas and be able to operate in waves up to 8 ft high. It is entirely feasible that barge transportation of natural gas will be implemented in the Gulf of Mexico within two years. A urea plant using 43 million cu ft/day of natural gas to produce 1755 tons/day of urea about 100 mi offshore of a developing nation would require a $149 million capital investment, fixed operating costs of $30 million/yr, and total variable operating costs of $40,000/day, assuming a water depth of 180 ft, a wave height of 52 ft max, a wind speed of 100 knots max, and a 2.5% product loss. The best design would involve a jackup platform and passing a 75% solution at 240/sup 0/F to a barge for finishing into solid products.
Solid State Imagers for Astronomy (1982)

This is a summary of the meeting “Solid State Imagers for Astronomy” held at the Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics in June 1981. The main emphasis of this report is a comparison of the performance characteristics of the CCD detectors now in use.
UNC-71, a disintegrin and metalloprotease (ADAM) protein, regulates motor axon guidance and sex myoblast migration in <i>C. elegans</i> (2003)

The migration of cells and growth cones is a process that is guided by extracellular cues and requires the controlled remodeling of the extracellular matrix along the migratory path. The ADAM proteins are important regulators of cellular adhesion and recognition because they can combine regulated proteolysis with modulation of cell adhesion. We report that the C. elegans gene unc-71 encodes a unique ADAM with an inactive metalloprotease domain. Loss-of-function mutations in unc-71 cause distinct defects in motor axon guidance and sex myoblast migration. Many unc-71 mutations affect the disintegrin and the cysteine-rich domains, supporting a major function of unc-71 in cell adhesion. UNC-71 appears to be expressed in a selected set of cells. Genetic mosaic analysis and tissue-specific expression studies indicate that unc-71 acts in a cell non-autonomous manner for both motor axon guidance and sex myoblast migration. Finally, double mutant analysis of unc-71 with other axon guidance signaling molecules suggests that UNC-71 probably functions in a combinatorial manner with integrins and UNC-6/netrin to provide distinct axon guidance cues at specific choice points for motoneurons.
Cardioprotective and neuroprotective roles of oleuropein in olive (2010)

Traditional diets of people living in the Mediterranean basin are, among other components, very rich in extra-virgin olive oil, the most typical source of visible fat. Olive is a priceless source of monounsaturated and di-unsaturated fatty acids, polyphenolic antioxidants and vitamins. Oleuropein is the main glycoside in olives and is responsible for the bitter taste of immature and unprocessed olives. Chemically, oleuropein is the ester of elenolic acid and 3,4-dihydroxyphenyl ethanol, which possesses beneficial effects on human health, such as antioxidant, antiatherogenic, anti-cancer, anti-inflammatory and antimicrobial properties. The phenolic fraction extracted from the leaves of the olive tree, which contains significant amounts of oleuropein, prevents lipoprotein oxidation. In addition, oleuropein has shown cardioprotective effect against acute adriamycin cardiotoxicity and an anti-ischemic and hypolipidemic activities. Recently, oleuropein has shown neuroprotection by forming a non-covalent complex with the Aβ peptide, which is a key hallmark of several degenerative diseases like Alzheimer and Parkinson. Thus, a large mass of research has been accumulating in the area of olive oil, in the attempt to provide evidence for the health benefits of olive oil consumption and to scientifically support the widespread adoption of traditional Mediterranean diet as a model of healthy eating. These results provide a molecular basis for some of the benefits potentially coming from oleuropein consumption and pave the way to further studies on the possible pharmacological use of oleuropein to prevent or to slow down the cardiovascular and neurodegenerative diseases.
DeepViT: Towards Deeper Vision Transformer (2021)

Vision transformers (ViTs) have been successfully applied in image classification tasks recently. In this paper, we show that, unlike convolution neural networks (CNNs)that can be improved by stacking more convolutional layers, the performance of ViTs saturate fast when scaled to be deeper. More specifically, we empirically observe that such scaling difficulty is caused by the attention collapse issue: as the transformer goes deeper, the attention maps gradually become similar and even much the same after certain layers. In other words, the feature maps tend to be identical in the top layers of deep ViT models. This fact demonstrates that in deeper layers of ViTs, the self-attention mechanism fails to learn effective concepts for representation learning and hinders the model from getting expected performance gain. Based on above observation, we propose a simple yet effective method, named Re-attention, to re-generate the attention maps to increase their diversity at different layers with negligible computation and memory cost. The pro-posed method makes it feasible to train deeper ViT models with consistent performance improvements via minor modification to existing ViT models. Notably, when training a deep ViT model with 32 transformer blocks, the Top-1 classification accuracy can be improved by 1.6% on ImageNet. Code is publicly available at https://github.com/zhoudaquan/dvit_repo.
Activating the synthesis of progerin, the mutant prelamin A in Hutchinson–Gilford progeria syndrome, with antisense oligonucleotides (2009)

Hutchinson-Gilford progeria syndrome (HGPS) is caused by point mutations that increase utilization of an alternate splice donor site in exon 11 of LMNA (the gene encoding lamin C and prelamin A). The alternate splicing reduces transcripts for wild-type prelamin A and increases transcripts for a truncated prelamin A (progerin). Here, we show that antisense oligonucleotides (ASOs) against exon 11 sequences downstream from the exon 11 splice donor site promote alternate splicing in both wild-type and HGPS fibroblasts, increasing the synthesis of progerin. Indeed, wild-type fibroblasts transfected with these ASOs exhibit progerin levels similar to (or greater than) those in fibroblasts from HGPS patients. This progerin was farnesylated, as judged by metabolic labeling studies. The synthesis of progerin in wild-type fibroblasts was accompanied by the same nuclear shape and gene-expression perturbations observed in HGPS fibroblasts. An ASO corresponding to the 5' portion of intron 11 also promoted alternate splicing. In contrast, an ASO against exon 11 sequences 5' to the alternate splice site reduced alternate splicing in HGPS cells and modestly lowered progerin levels. Thus, different ASOs can be used to increase or decrease 'HGPS splicing'. ASOs represent a new and powerful tool for recreating HGPS pathophysiology in wild-type cells.
为建立国际机构的社会学而努力:评斯穆、德·塞纳尔克朗、琼森等人的论文 (1994)

我感谢《国际社会科学杂志》的主编给我机会评论斯穆、德·塞纳尔克朗和琼森三人的论文。他们三位的论文使我受益匪浅,也提醒我社会科学家们(特别是美国的)未能摆脱成为当代特征的社会集团优越感。三位作者都在不同程度上对规制理论持批评态度,而规制理论则是在美国盛行的研究国际机构的学派。
Platelets express functional Toll-like receptor-4 (2005)

Profound thrombocytopenia occurs in humans with sepsis and in mice administered lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Growing evidence indicates that platelets may contribute to these abnormalities, but whether that is a direct result of LPS activation of platelets or an indirect result of other inflammatory mechanisms remains unclear. Here we demonstrate that although platelets do not increase P-selectin expression in response to LPS, platelets bind more avidly to fibrinogen under flow conditions in a Toll-like receptor-4 (TLR4)-dependent manner. In addition, we find that CD41+ megakaryocytes grown from fetal livers and adult circulating platelets express significant amounts of TLR4. LPS induced thrombocytopenia in wild-type mice but not in TLR4-deficient (TLR4def) mice. Wild-type platelets accumulated in the lungs of wild-type mice in response to LPS; TLR4def platelets did not. However, wild-type platelets did not accumulate in the lungs of LPS-treated TLR4def mice. Neutrophils also accumulated in the lungs, and this preceded platelet accumulation. Neutrophil depletion completely abolished LPS-induced platelet sequestration into the lungs, but platelet depletion did not affect neutrophil accumulation. Thus, our data show for the first time that platelets do express functional levels of TLR4, which contribute to thrombocytopenia through neutrophil-dependent pulmonary sequestration in response to LPS.
Autoinduction of Protein Expression (2009)

This unit contains protocols for the use of lactose-derived autoinduction in Escherichia coli. The protocols allow for reproducible expression trials to be undertaken with minimal user intervention. A basic protocol covers production of unlabeled proteins for functional studies. Alternate protocols for selenomethionine labeling for X-ray structural studies, and multi-well plate growth for screening and optimization are also included.
Nonpalpable breast lesions: stereotactic automated large-core biopsies. (1991)

One hundred two patients with mammographically suspicious, nonpalpable lesions underwent stereotactic breast biopsy with a biopsy gun and an automated 14-gauge cutting needle. After biopsy, a localization wire was placed and surgical biopsy performed. There was agreement of the histologic results from the gun biopsy and the surgical biopsy specimens in 98 cases (96%), including 22 of 23 carcinomas (96%) (kappa = 0.936). The gun biopsy yielded findings that led to the correct diagnosis in two cases involving lesions that were missed at surgical biopsy; two lesions found at surgery were missed at gun biopsy. The results of this study suggest that the use of 14-gauge needles improves agreement between surgical and needle core biopsy findings and that stereotactic biopsy with an automated needle and gun can be an acceptable alternative to surgical biopsy in women with mammographically suspicious breast lesions.
Antimalarial Activity of Allicin, a Biologically Active Compound from Garlic Cloves (2006)

The incidence of malaria is increasing, and there is an urgent need to identify new drug targets for both prophylaxis and chemotherapy. Potential new drug targets include Plasmodium proteases that play critical roles in the parasite life cycle. We have previously shown that the major surface protein of Plasmodium sporozoites, the circumsporozoite protein (CSP), is proteolytically processed by a parasite-derived cysteine protease, and this processing event is temporally associated with sporozoite invasion of host cells. E-64, a cysteine protease inhibitor, inhibits CSP processing and prevents invasion of host cells in vitro and in vivo. Here we tested allicin, a cysteine protease inhibitor found in garlic extracts, for its ability to inhibit malaria infection. At low concentrations, allicin was not toxic to either sporozoites or mammalian cells. At these concentrations, allicin inhibited CSP processing and prevented sporozoite invasion of host cells in vitro. In vivo, mice injected with allicin had decreased Plasmodium infections compared to controls. When sporozoites were treated with allicin before injection into mice, malaria infection was completely prevented. We also tested allicin on erythrocytic stages and found that a 4-day regimen of allicin administered either orally or intravenously significantly decreased parasitemias and increased the survival of infected mice by 10 days. Together, these experiments demonstrate that the same cysteine protease inhibitor can target two different life cycle stages in the vertebrate host.
Survey on Deduplication Techniques in Flash-Based Storage (2018)

Data deduplication importance is growing with the growth of data volumes. The domain of data deduplication is in active development. Recently it was influenced by appearance of Solid State Drive. This new type of disk has significant differences from random access memory and hard disk drives and is widely used now. In this paper we propose a novel taxonomy which reflects the main issues related to deduplication in Solid State Drive. We present a survey on deduplication techniques focusing on flash-based storage. We also describe several Open Source tools implementing data deduplication and briefly describe open research problems related to data deduplication in flash-based storage systems.
Photopatternable Organosiloxane-Based Inorganic−Organic SiO<sub>2</sub>−ZrO<sub>2</sub> Hybrid Dielectrics for Organic Thin Film Transistors (2007)

A photopatternable and solution-processable thin gate dielectric for organic thin-film transistors has been fabricated here using an organosiloxane-based organic−inorganic hybrid material. Incorporation of a UV-sensitive functional group allowed us to directly obtain a high-resolution patterned gate dielectric using conventional photolithography. Uniform distribution of ZrO2 nanoclusters increased the dielectric constant of the hybrid material from which the hydroxyl groups were removed by low-temperature heat treatment. Coplanar-type organic thin-film transistors utilizing the hybrid dielectrics showed a low threshold voltage and nearly no shift in the threshold voltage due to their high capacitance and the absence of the hydroxyl groups.
Wash-free, label-free immunoassay for rapid electrochemical detection of PfHRP2 in whole blood samples (2018)

Currently, the diagnosis of many diseases relies on laboratory-based immunoassays (ELISA, Western Blot), which are laborious, time-consuming and expensive. To address these limitations, we report a wash-free and label-free electrochemical immunoassay for rapid measurements of protein biomarkers in blood samples. This immunosensor employs a unique detection scheme based on electrochemical-chemical (EC) redox cycling for signal amplification combined with an affinity-based protein quantification strategy. All of the reagents required for this assay are dried and stored on a stacked membrane assembly, consisting of a Vivid Plasma Separation membrane and two cellulose membranes situated above the sensor, enabling excellent stability at room temperature for up to 2 months. Proof of concept was carried out by performing measurements of Plasmodium falciparum histidine-rich protein 2 (PfHRP2) in whole blood samples, which could be detected from 100 ng/mL to 100 µg/mL with excellent specificity and reproducibility. Each measurement requires only two liquid dispensing steps and can completed in 5 min, making this diagnostic platform promising for point-of-care testing in resource-limited settings.