gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Dynamic Access Control in a Content-based Publish/Subscribe System with Delivery Guarantees (2006)

Content-based publish/subscribe (pub/sub) is a promising paradigm for building asynchronous distributed applications. In many application scenarios, these systems are required to provide stringent service guarantees such as reliable delivery, high performance, high availability and dynamic system security. In this paper, we address the issue of dynamic access control in a content-based system that provides reliable delivery and high availability through redundant routes. We define a deterministic service model of dynamic access controls that enables precise control over event confidentiality. Under this model, the semantics of reliable delivery is clearly defined, that is, the messages delivered in response to the same subscriptions from pub/sub clients running on behalf of the same principal will be exactly the same, regardless of their connecting locations, network latency and failures. We present an algorithm that implements this service model. The algorithm is efficient and highly available in that it enables uniform enforcement of access control and enables content-based routing to choose any path from among several redundant routes without requiring consensus among the brokers.
Strain-assisted, low-temperature synthesis of high-performance thermoelectric materials (2014)

Utilizing internal energy artificially implemented by cold-pressing in the specimens, we demonstrate a way to synthesize high-quality bulk thermoelectric materials at otherwise too low a temperature to approach to an equilibrium state. This low-temperature synthesis technique will provide a new opportunity to integrate high-performance thermoelectric materials into various electronic devices for a built-in energy source, as well as to develop low-cost fabrication methods.
3.8 A fully integrated highly reconfigurable discrete-time superheterodyne receiver (2014)

Since the invention of radio, superheterodyne has been the architecture of choice for receivers (RX). Thanks to its high intermediate-frequency (IF), the problems related to flicker noise, time-varying dc offsets, in-band LO leakage and sensitivity to 2 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">nd</sup> -order intermodulation are simply avoided. Unfortunately, the high IF requires high-quality-factor (Q) band-pass filters for image rejection, which cannot be easily integrated in CMOS. This forced the CMOS receivers to migrate to zero (or low) IF and suffer from the abovementioned problems. Recently, there have been attempts to revisit the high IF operation by exploiting N-path filtering [1] and a combination of a discrete-time (DT) band-pass charge-sharing filtering with feedback filtering [2]. Here, we propose a superheterodyne RX architecture with full DT operation using only g <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">m</sub> stages, switches and capacitors. The transfer function is accurate and controlled by the clock frequency and precise capacitor ratios.
Cloning, sequence analysis, and expression of the Flavobacterium pentachlorophenol-4-monooxygenase gene in Escherichia coli (1993)

The pcpB gene of Flavobacterium sp. strain ATCC 39723 was cloned by using a degenerate primer designed from the N-terminal sequence of the purified enzyme. The nucleotide sequence of pcpB was determined and found to encode an open reading frame of 1,614 nucleotides, yielding a predicted translation product of 538 amino acids, in agreement with the estimated size of the purified protein analyzed by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. The transcriptional start of pcpB was found to be 80 bp upstream of the translational start, and the transcript was found to be induced in Flavobacterium sp. strain ATCC 39723 by the presence of pentachlorophenol but to be constitutive in the Escherichia coli pcpB clone. DNA hybridizations with genomic DNAs from Arthrobacter sp. strain ATCC 33790 and Pseudomonas sp. strain SR3 revealed a similar-size 3.0-kb EcoRI fragment, whereas there was no positive hybridization with genomic DNA from Rhodococcus chlorophenolicus. Cell extracts from an E. coli pcpB overexpression strain, as well as the whole cells, were proficient in the dechlorination of pentachlorophenol to tetrachlorohydroquinone. Protein data base comparisons of the predicted translation products revealed regions of homology with other microbial monooxygenases, including phenol-2-monooxygenase and tryptophan-2-monooxygenase.
Separation of arteries and veins in 3D MR angiography using correlation analysis (2000)

Multiphase contrast-enhanced 3D MR angiography (MRA) data sets allow the separate visualization of the arterial and venous pulmonary vasculature. However, due to short arterial-to-venous bolus transit times in the lung, the generation of pure venograms without arterial overlay is difficult. To suppress arterial signal in venograms, early arterial phase data are typically subtracted from peak venous phase images. In this study, a correlation algorithm is used to postprocess the multiphase 3D MRA data sets. The cross-correlation between a measured arterial or venous reference function and the local signal-time course is computed which highlights image locations with a similar signal-time curve as the reference function and suppresses constant signal. Conventional maximum intensity projections (MIP) are generated from the arterial and venous correlation maps. In a study with five volunteers, an increase in SNR by a factor of 2.1 (1.8) of arterial (venous) correlation MIP images over subtraction MIP images was observed.
Strong, Twist‐Stable Carbon Nanotube Yarns and Muscles by Tension Annealing at Extreme Temperatures (2016)

A high-speed incandescent tension annealing process (ITAP) is used to increase the modulus and strength of twist-spun carbon nanotube yarns by up to 12-fold and 2.6-fold, respectively, provide remarkable resistance to oxidation and powerful protonating acids, and freeze yarn untwist. This twist stability enables torsional artificial-muscle motors having improved performance and minimizes problematic untwist during weaving nanotube yarns.
Ruthenium core-activated platinum monolayer shell high redox activity cathodic electrocatalysts for dye-sensitized solar cells (2013)

Here, we have combined the understanding of density functional theory in relation with lattice strain-to-activity correlation to design a Rucore–Ptshell structured electrocatalyst in a dye-sensitized solar cell (DSC) cathode. This electrocatalyst possesses a compressive lattice strain in the shell region which translocates the Pt valence charge to neighboring atoms to decrease the Pt valence band density of states and thus lower the Pt d-band levels. Consequently, compared with DSCs using Pt nanoparticles (NPs) cathode, the Rucore–Ptshell NPs improves the triiodide to iodide redox reduction activity by 2.11-fold and thus boosts the photovoltaic efficiency of DSCs by ∼30.4%. These results provide mechanistic information for the development of DSCs with reduced Pt utilization and programmable electrochemical performance.
A Fullerene-Based Organic Exciton Blocking Layer with High Electron Conductivity (2013)

We demonstrate the concentration dependence of C60 absorption in solid solutions of C60 and bathocuprione (BCP), revealing a nonlinear decrease of the C60 charge transfer (CT) state absorption. These blends are utilized to study the photocurrent contribution of the CT in bilayer organic photovoltaics (OPVs); 1:1 blends produce 40% less photocurrent. As exciton blocking electron transporting layers, the blends achieve power conversion efficiencies of 5.3%, an increase of 10% compared to conventional buffers.
Radical emulsion polymerization with chain transfer monomer: an approach to branched vinyl polymers with high molecular weight and relatively narrow polydispersity (2013)

Radical polymerization with 3-mercapto hexyl methacrylate as the chain transfer monomer (CTM) to prepare branched vinyl polymers with high molecular weights and relatively narrow polydispersities has been carried out in aqueous emulsion. Potassium persulfate was used as the initiator, and sodium dodecyl benzene sulfate or hexadecyl trimethyl ammonium bromide was used as the emulsifier. The obtained polymers were characterized using NMR and size exclusion chromatography. Compared with polymers obtained from solution polymerization and results reported in the literature, branched polymers can be prepared at higher monomer/branching monomer feed ratios (100/25) with high monomer conversion (usually >95%) without gelation. The obtained branched polymers also showed considerably higher molecular weights and relatively narrower polydispersities at the same feed ratio of monomer/branching monomer. The unique radical termination mechanism in emulsion reaction determines that soluble branched polymers with high molecular weight and relatively narrow polydispersity can be prepared at a wide range of monomer/CTM feed ratios without gelation.
Particle Lift Challenges and Solutions for Solid Particle Receiver Systems (2019)

Abstract Particle receiver systems require durable, reliable, and cost-effective particle transport equipment. These lifts are critical pieces of equipment to transport the particles from the heat exchanger back into the receiver. There are challenges that must be overcome with any particle lift device including high temperatures (800°C), particle load and friction, and erosion from particle contact. There are several options commercially available for particle systems including a screw-type vertical elevator, bucket lift vertical elevator, and skip-hoist-style bulk vertical lifts. Two of the elevator types (screw and bucket) have been tested at the National Solar Thermal Test Facility (NSTTF) at Sandia National Laboratories (SNL) in Albuquerque, NM. The two elevators are currently in operation on the 1 MWth falling particle receiver at the Solar Tower. The screw-type elevator consists of a stationary internal screw with an outer casing that rotates about the screw. The frictional forces from the casing rotation drives the particles upward along the flights of the screw. The casing rotational velocity is variable which allows for mass flow rate control. Identified issues with the screw-type elevator include particle attrition, uneven loading at the inlet causes casing deflection, bearing deformation due to casing deformation, and motor stalling due to increased resistance on the casing. The SNL bucket elevator is rated for temperatures up to 600 °C and consists of steel buckets and a steel drive chain capable of lifting particles at a rate of 8 kg/s. Identified issues with the bucket type elevator include discrete (non-continuous) discharge of the particles and a non-adjustable flow rate. A skip hoist type elevator has been studied previously and seems like the most viable option on a large scale (50–100MWth power plant) with a non-continuous particle discharge. Different control scenarios were explored with the variable frequency drive of the screw-type elevator to use it as a particle-flow control device. The objective was to maintain the feed hopper inventory at a constant value for steady flow of particles through the receiver. The mass flow rate was controlled based on feedback from measurements of particle level (mass) inside the top hopper.
Lightweight proppants for deep-gas-well stimulation. Third annual report, July 1, 1981-June 30, 1982 (1983)

The need exists for lower-density, less-expensive proppants for use in hydraulic-fracturing treatments. Ceramics, fabricated as fully sintered or hollow spheres, are the best materials for obtaining economical proppants with adequate strength. Fabrication techniques are described for fabricating solid-porcelain proppants and hollow-ceramic proppants. Porcelain proppants made by mix-pelletization techniques have good characteristics for propping wells with closure stresses to 96.5 MPa (14,000 psi). The properties of porcelain proppants are compared with twelve commercially available or experimental proppants. Several of the proppants evaluated had adequate conductivity for most hydraulic-fracturing jobs and are less expensive than bauxite. A single-fluid nozzle, counter-current spray-drying technique was used to make hollow, spherical proppants. Alumina was used as the ceramic raw material for these spray-drying experiments, but the same technique can be used with other ceramic materials. Hollow proppants with strengths comparable to sand have been spray dried but further optimization of spray drying parameters is needed to achieve proppants with concentric voids and improved strength. Bauxite, mullite, alumina and mullite rods were fast fired in a plasma in order to see if it is feasible to sinter these materials rapidly. Fast firing appears to be an alternative method of sintering proppants and may reduce costs, thereby more » making proppants more cost competitive with sand. 42 figures, 20 tables. « less
Identification of the Precursor of (S)-3-Methyl-3-sulfanylhexan-1-ol, the Sulfury Malodour of Human Axilla Sweat (2005)

A careful study of human axillary microflora led us to the identification of a new strain of Staphylococcus haemolyticus. The role in axillary malodour formation of this microorganism was compared to those of Corynebacterium xerosis and Staphylococcus epidermidis, upon incubation on sterile human eccrine and apocrine axilla sweat. St. haemolyticus was responsible for the strongest sulfury malodour and the generation of the volatile sulfur compound (VSC) (S)-3-methyl-3-sulfanylhexan-1-ol (3). In this study, we investigated the nonvolatile precursors of VSCs. Human axillary sweat was collected, fractionated and analysed by HPLC/APCI-MS (High-Pressure Liquid Chromatography coupled to Atmospheric Pressure Chemical Ionisation Mass Spectrometry). The precursor of 3 was identified as [1-(2-hydroxyethyl)-1-methylbutyl]-L-cysteinylglycine (Cys-Gly-(S)-conjugate; 12). Because Cys-Gly-(S)-conjugates are key intermediates in the glutathione biodetoxification pathway, other derivatives of 12, specifically glutathione-(S)-conjugate 11 and Cys-(S)-conjugate 13, were prepared. Compounds 11 and 13 were not detected by HPLC/MS of sterile sweat. Synthetic homologues 11, 12, and 13 were incubated with C. xerosis, St. heamolyticus, and St. epidermidis. We observed efficient conversion of precursors 12 and 13 to form VSCs when incubated with St. haemolyticus, with a clear preference for 12. C. xerosis and St. epidermidis were less efficient in cleaving Cys-Gly-(S)-conjugate 12 to form the corresponding thiol 3. Incubation of glutathione-(S)-conjugate 11 never led to the formation of 3 under the experimental conditions employed.
Crater Detection and Registration of Planetary Images Through Marked Point Processes, Multiscale Decomposition, and Region-Based Analysis (2020)

Because of the large variety of planetary sensors and spacecraft already collecting data and with many new and improved sensors being planned for future missions, planetary science needs to integrate numerous multimodal image sources, and, as a consequence, accurate and robust registration algorithms are required. In this article, we develop a new framework for crater detection based on marked point processes (MPPs) that can be used for planetary image registration. MPPs were found to be effective for various object detection tasks in Earth observation, and a new MPP model is proposed here for detecting craters in planetary data. The resulting spatial features are exploited for registration, together with fitness functions based on the MPP energy, on the mean directed Hausdorff distance, and on the mutual information. Two different methods—one based on birth–death processes and region-of-interest analysis and the other based on graph cuts and decimated wavelets—are developed within the proposed framework. Experiments with a large set of images, including 13 thermal infrared and visible images of the Mars surface, 20 semisimulated multitemporal pairs of images of the Mars surface, and a real multitemporal image pair of the Lunar surface, demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed framework in terms of crater detection performance as well as for subpixel registration accuracy.
Determination of Hepatitis E Virus Seroprevalence by Using Recombinant Fusion Proteins and Synthetic Peptides (1994)

Recombinant antigens from hepatitis E virus (HEV) open-reading frames 2 and 3 were expressed in Escherichia coli as cytidine monophosphate-2-keto-3-deoxyoctulosonic acid synthetase (CKS) fusion proteins, purified, and used to develop an EIA for the detection of antibodies. Serologic results were compared with those of previous assays by testing 102 samples from an HEV outbreak in Somalia. This CKS/HEV EIA detected anti-HEV in all 97 sera found reactive previously and in an additional 2 samples, which were shown to be true HEV-positive samples by supplemental peptide and Western blot tests. The CKS/HEV EIA and supplemental assays were then used to determine seroprevalence of HEV worldwide. HEV seroprevalence ranged from 1% to 25%, with higher rates found in Middle Eastern countries. Also, 7%-14% of acute cases of non-A, -B, or -C hepatitis were HEV-positive. Thus, this CKS/HEV EIA appears useful for detecting anti-HEV in various populations.
Piano Transcription With Convolutional Sparse Lateral Inhibition (2017)

This letter extends our prior work on context-dependent piano transcription to estimate the length of the notes in addition to their pitch and onset. This approach employs convolutional sparse coding along with lateral inhibition constraints to approximate a musical signal as the sum of piano note waveforms (dictionary elements) convolved with their temporal activations. The waveforms are pre-recorded for the specific piano to be transcribed in the specific environment. A dictionary containing multiple waveforms per pitch is generated by truncating a long waveform for each pitch to different lengths. During transcription, the dictionary elements are fixed and their temporal activations are estimated and postprocessed to obtain the pitch, onset, and note length estimation. A sparsity penalty promotes globally sparse activations of the dictionary elements, and a lateral inhibition term penalizes concurrent activations of different waveforms corresponding to the same pitch within a temporal neighborhood, to achieve note length estimation. Experiments on the MIDI aligned piano sounds dataset show that the proposed approach significantly outperforms a state-of-the-art music transcription method trained in the same context-dependent setting in transcription accuracy.
A weakly labeled approach for breast tissue segmentation and breast density estimation in digital mammography (2016)

Breast tissue segmentation is a fundamental task in digital mammography. Commonly, this segmentation is applied prior to breast density estimation. However, observations show a strong correlation between the segmentation parameters and the breast density, resulting in a chicken and egg problem. This paper presents a new method for breast segmentation, based on training with weakly labeled data, namely breast density categories. To this end, a Fuzzy-logic module is employed computing an adaptive parameter for segmentation. The suggested scheme consists of a feedback stage where a preliminary segmentation is used to allow extracting domain specific features from an early estimation of the tissue regions. Selected features are then fed into a fuzzy logic module to yield an updated threshold for segmentation. Our evaluation is based on 50 fibroglandular delineated images and on breast density classification, obtained on a large data set of 1243 full-field digital mammograms. The data set contained images from different devices. The proposed analysis provided an average Jaccard spatial similarity coefficient of 0.4 with improvement of this measure in 70% of cases where the suggested module was applied. In breast density classification, average classification accuracy of 75% was obtained, which significantly improved the baseline method (67.4%). Major improvement is obtained in low breast densities where higher threshold levels rejects false positive regions. These results show a promise for the clinical application of this method in breast segmentation, without the need for laborious tissue annotation.
A new non-invasive prenatal diagnosis of Down syndrome through epigenetic markers and real-time qPCR (2012)

Previous studies have also identified DMRs between non-pregnant female blood and placental DNA. However, these methods have been associated with a number of limitations including the low sensitivity and/or specificity of the assays, the limited number of identified DMRs or methylation sensitive sites and SNPs located on DMRs. These limitations have been overawed by the development of the MeDIP real-time qPCR-based methodology.
A Green, General, and Ultrafast Route for the Synthesis of Diverse Metal Oxide Nanoparticles with Controllable Sizes and Enhanced Catalytic Activity (2018)

A green, efficient, simple, and general route has been developed to synthesize a wide variety of metal oxide nanoparticles (NPs) in large quantities at room temperature. Various metal and alloy oxide NPs like In2O3, SnO2, ZnO, Fe2O3, NiO, TiO2, ZrO2, CuO, Al2O3, and sus-304L are synthesized by anodization of metals and alloy in KCl aqueous electrolyte. Metallic wire or sheet is very rapidly and directly converted into metal oxide NPs by the anodization process, allowing mass production of oxide NPs. The produced NPs are crystalline, and their colloidal suspensions in ethanol or water remain stable for several days. The size of the synthesized NPs can be readily tuned by changing the anodizing voltage. We found that the ultrafast reaction rate caused by chloride ions plays an important role in the formation of metal oxide NPs. The produced oxide NPs are characterized using various tools. SEM and TEM results confirm the formation of various metal oxide NPs. Sus oxide NPs shows higher catalytic efficiency compared to that of commercial magnetite NPs. Our results indicate that anodization is an efficient route for the production of good quality and diverse metal as well as alloy oxide NPs on a large scale. The possible formation mechanism is presented. This approach can also be applied to other complex metals and alloy oxide NPs.
Genotype determining low catechol-<i>O</i>-methyltransferase activity as a risk factor for obsessive-compulsive disorder (1997)

In the present study, we address the role of the gene for catechol-O-methyltransferase (COMT), a key modulator of dopaminergic and noradrenergic neurotransmission, in the genetic predisposition to obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD). We show that a common functional allele of this gene, which results in a 3- to 4-fold reduction in enzyme activity, is significantly associated in a recessive manner with susceptibility to OCD, particularly in males. This association is further supported by psychiatric evaluation of patients who carry microdeletions encompassing the comt gene. The mechanism underlying this sex-selective association remains to be defined and may include a sexual dimorphism in COMT activity, although close linkage with a nearby disease susceptibility locus cannot be excluded at this point.