gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Increased content of chondroitin sulfate proteoglycan in human colorectal carcinoma metastases compared with the primary tumor as determined by an anti‐chondroitin‐sulfate monoclonal antibody (1988)

To determine if the amount of chondroitin sulfate proteoglycan (CSPG) in human colorectal tumor tissue correlates with the tumor's aggressiveness we immunochemically determined the CSPG levels in colorectal carcinomas at different stages. A total of 50 specimens--4 polyps, 15 stage B tumors, 9 stage C tumors, 12 stage D tumors, 7 liver metastases, and 3 lymph node metastases--were examined. Tumor tissues were extracted with 4 M guanidine hydrochloride containing protease inhibitors. The extracts were serially diluted and blotted onto nitrocellulose membranes. Reactivity of a chondroitin sulfate-specific mouse monoclonal antibody (CS-56) was determined by biotinylated goat antimouse Ig and avidin-biotin-peroxidase complex. After comparing tissues from tumors at different stages (classified by the presence or absence of metastasis), we could not find a positive or negative correlation between the amount of CSPG in primary colorectal carcinoma tissues and the tumor's metastatic potential. However, the metastatic foci in the liver or lymph node contained higher amounts of CSPG than the primary tumors did. Immunohistochemical staining of colon carcinoma tissue with CS-56 revealed that CSPG is predominantly localized in fibrotic portions in the tumor tissues. Two-year follow-up studies indicated that a high level of CSPG in primary tumors was not predictive of recurrence.
The Pathophysiology of Decompression Sickness and the Effects of Doppler Detectable Bubbles. (1980)

The optimal use of ultrasonic bubble detectors requires a knowledge of the various pathophysiological consequence of gas phase formation in the body following decompression. Our studies during the later portion of this contract have been focused primarily on an understanding of decompression sickness as illuminated by the Doppler ultrasonic bubble detector. Studies of the amount of gas in the central venous system have shown that the Doppler bubble detectors are quite sensitive devices which are capable of detecting small quantities of dispersed gas. While gas bubbles with a very small radius may not be detectable in the precordial mode, the device can easily detect amounts smaller than 0.01 cc/kg/min. Gas introduced into the central venous system by means of a catheter will elicit a rise in the right ventricular systolic pressure (RVSP) as the gas embolizes the pulmonary vasculature. The degree of rise is a function of the gas embolization rate. Following hyperbaric decompression, the RVSP is elevated by inert gas emboli. Assuming a steady state, the amount of gas needed for any RVSP can be deduced. For a precordial Grade IV (in sheep) this is 0.03 cc/kg/min. Gas injected (per catheter) at this 0.03 rate produce neither signs of dyspnea nor can bubbles be detected in the systemic arteries (by a Doppler probe on the carotid artery). The smaller dysbarogenic bubbles (in contrast to catheter-produced) in concert with Grade IV or Grade V precordial bubbles, and the associated increase in RVSP, will often promote inert gas arterialization. Neurologic decompression sickness could result. (Author)
Research on the Travel Route Based on Optimization Schedule (2013)

In recent years, with the development of computer sciences, computer technology has been applied to comprehensive fields. As the quality of people's life increasing, tourism businesses are developing very fast in China, and new tourist attractions are coming out in many places. The management of the data becomes an interesting topic. When people travel they often need to search for the optimal combination of sight spots and the corresponding best travel tour, the shortest driving directions in detail between any two points, the best bus path between any two points in a city, and so on. Now people can get from a travel agency or search online in the web for tourism route, but these routes are usually not optimal and made from the experiences. There are also some services for people searching for the bus path in a city, but this is often limited, and does not work for any two points in a city. For the shortest driving directions between any two points, we still do not have this kind of services in the range of the whole country, though people in the U. S. Are used to searching online for driving directions before going out. In this paper, we try to solve all these problems. We propose several algorithms to design the optimal combination of sight spots by filtering tourist attractions, and the main method is by listing all maximal cliques. We then compute the optimal travel route on this combination. This will help people to choose their attractions pots to visit and get the best tour. For other problems which people often encounter in travelling such a show to get the shortest driving directions between any two points, and optimal bus path when using public transportations, we discuss the existing algorithms and propose the practical solutions. All algorithms proposed in this paper are suitable for large scale settings such as applying to millions of tourism sight spots to list all optimal tours etc. The key point is to deal with very large amount of data, for which we must adopt high performance computing. At the end of the paper,computational results are discussed and concluded that our algorithms and designs are suitable for real applications and this will make it much easier for peoples' life.
Evaluation of invasive breast cancer samples using a 12-chemokine gene expression score: correlation with clinical outcomes (2017)

High CS breast tumors tend to be higher grade, basal or HER2+, and present more frequently in Caucasians. However, this group of patients also shows the presence of TL-ELNs within the tumor microenvironment and has better survival outcomes. The CS is a novel tool that can identify breast cancer patients with tumors of a unique intratumoral immune composition and better prognosis. Whether or not the CS is a predictive response marker in breast cancer patients undergoing immunotherapy remains to be determined.
Mechanistic Insight into the Electrochemical Performance of Zn/VO<sub>2</sub> Batteries with an Aqueous ZnSO<sub>4</sub> Electrolyte (2019)

Abstract Rechargeable aqueous zinc‐ion batteries (ZIBs) are promising for cheap stationary energy storage. Challenges for Zn‐ion insertion hosts are the large structural changes of the host structure upon Zn‐ion insertion and the divalent Zn‐ion transport, challenging cycle life and power density respectively. Here a new mechanism is demonstrated for the VO 2 cathode toward proton insertion accompanied by Zn‐ion storage through the reversible deposition of Zn 4 (OH) 6 SO 4 ·5H 2 O on the cathode surface, supported by operando X‐ray diffraction, X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy, neutron activation analysis, and density functional theory simulations. This leads to an initial discharge capacity of 272 mAh g −1 at a current density of 3.0 A g −1 , of which 75.5% is maintained after 945 cycles. It is proposed that the competition between proton and Zn‐ion insertion in the VO 2 host is determined by the solvation energy of the salt anion and proton insertion energetics, where proton insertion has the advantage of minimal structural distortion leading to a long cycle life. As the discharge kinetics are capacitive for the first half of the process and diffusion limited for the second half, the VO 2 cathode takes the middle road possessing both fast kinetics and high practical capacities revealing a reaction mechanism that provides new perspective for the development of aqueous ZIBs.
ZnO nanofluids – A potential antibacterial agent (2008)

In this work, ZnO nanofluids were produced by a medium mill with a pH value of about 7.2 and characterized by Nano-Sizer and SEM. After milling, ZnO nanofluids were formed with an average particle size of ∼198.4 nm. The ZnO nanofluids used for testing were stored for different periods (1-, 90- and 120-day) and kept in different conditions (under the light and in the dark). The antibacterial activities of these ZnO nanofluids were evaluated by estimating the reduction ratio of the bacteria treated with ZnO. The results showed that the ZnO nanofluid stored for 120 days under the light had the best antibacterial behavior against Escherichia coli DH5α. SEM images suggest that an interaction between the ZnO particles and the E. coli bacteria cells caused by electrostatic forces might be a mechanism.
Virtual microphones for multichannel audio applications (2002)

Multichannel audio can immerse a group of listeners in a seamless aural environment. Consumer media such as DVD and DVD-Audio allow the delivery of multiple (up to 10) channels of audio today. However, although there are thousands of music recordings available in two-channel stereo, only a handful have been recorded with multiple channels. We present a novel method for synthesizing multiple microphone signals from a smaller set of signals recorded in a particular venue. These synthesized "virtual" microphone signals can be used to produce multichannel recordings that accurately capture the acoustics of a particular venue. Our method uses linear prediction to generate a set of IIR filters that can be used to synthesize microphone signals at various locations within the hall, while preserving the correct acoustical characteristics of the venue. Applications of this method include transmission of multichannel audio over low bandwidth networks, as well as remastering of existing monophonic and stereophonic recordings for multichannel rendering.
Satcom loading analysis with heterogeneous gain states (2003)

As the development of new military and commercial satcom systems continues, new features and capabilities are being added to traditional approaches. One of these features is the ability to accomplish flexible band-switching in the satellite. This capability will allow signals from different up-link antennas to be combined into a single transponder. A by-product of this enhancement is the ability to select different gain states for each of many sub-channels in the transponder. Heterogeneous gain states can be especially useful for balancing the needs of dissimilar links in the same transponder, since large terminals generally, work better with smaller gains, bill small terminals require large gains. To date, analysis tools have not generally, been available for assessing the performance of transponding satellites with heterogeneous gain states. This paper provides a method for analyzing such satellite loading scenarios. The approach presented builds directly on previous work that determines whether a given set of this is supportable, while optimizing the transponder operating point. An example is provided.
[Effect of curing modes on knoop hardness and microtensile bond strength of two dentin adhesives]. (2013)

As for different type dentin adhesives, the appropriate curing time in fast mode is different, and ramp mode (soft start curing mode) has no advantage over fast mode.
RACS: A referee anti-cheat scheme for P2P gaming (2007)

Peer-to-peer (P2P) architectures provide better scalability than Client/Server (C/S) for Massively Multiplayer Online Games (MMOG); however, they increase the possibility of cheating. Existing P2P cheat solutions only prevent protocol level cheats, ignoring two prevalent forms of cheating: information exposure (IE) and invalid commands (IC). This paper proposes the Referee Anti Cheat Scheme (RACS), a hybrid between P2P and C/S. As in P2P, RACS allows peers to exchange updates directly, improving its scalability. However, similar to the server in C/S, the referee in RACS has authority over the game state, providing cheat resistance equal to that in C/S. This paper describes how RACS prevents cheating including IE and IC. Our simulation and analysis show that the average bandwidth and delay in RACS is lower than that in P2P and C/S. This paper also includes a case study of integrating RACS with a commercial network game architecture.
Importance-driven texture encoding based on samples (2005)

In this paper, we present an importance-driven texture encoding algorithm based on samples. Our algorithm determines a set of samples from source texture based on combined criteria which include compression ratio, visual attention and parameterization distortion. The sample set is used to encode the majority parts of the texture. The remaining regions are then encoded by traditional compression algorithm such as vector quantization. Our method can preserve details of important areas and be extended to dynamic textures. The decoding procedure is performed entirely in programmable graphics hardware, yielding real-time frame rates. Experimental results demonstrate the efficiency and performance of our algorithm.
c‐MYC activation impairs the NF‐κB and the interferon response: Implications for the pathogenesis of Burkitt's lymphoma (2007)

Deregulation of the proto-oncogene c-myc is a key event in the pathogenesis of many tumors. A paradigm is the activation of the c-myc gene by chromosomal translocations in Burkitt lymphoma (BL). Despite expression of a restricted set of Epstein-Barr viral (EBV) antigens, BL cells are not recognized by antigen-specific cytotoxic T cells (CTLs) because of their inability to process and present HLA class I-restricted antigens. In contrast, cells of EBV-driven posttransplant lymphoproliferative disease (PTLD) are recognized and rejected by EBV-specific CTLs. It is not known whether the poor immunogenicity of BL cells is due to nonexpression of viral antigens, overexpression of c-myc, or both. To understand the basis for immune recognition and escape, we have compared the mRNA expression profiles of BL and EBV-immortalized cells (as PTLD model). Among the genes expressed at low level in BL cells, we have identified many genes involved in the NF-kappaB and interferon response that play a pivotal role in antigen presentation and immune recognition. Using a cell line in which EBNA2 and c-myc can be regulated at will, we show that c-MYC negatively regulates STAT1, the central player linking the Type-I and Type-II interferon response. Switching off c-myc expression leads to STAT1 induction through a direct and indirect mechanism involving induction of Type-I interferons. c-MYC thus masks an interferon-inducing activity in these cells. Our findings imply that immune escape of tumor cells is not only a matter of in vivo selection but may be additionally promoted by activation of a cellular oncogene.
Rescue of DNA-PK Signaling and T-Cell Differentiation by Targeted Genome Editing in a prkdc Deficient iPSC Disease Model (2015)

In vitro disease modeling based on induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) provides a powerful system to study cellular pathophysiology, especially in combination with targeted genome editing and protocols to differentiate iPSCs into affected cell types. In this study, we established zinc-finger nuclease-mediated genome editing in primary fibroblasts and iPSCs generated from a mouse model for radiosensitive severe combined immunodeficiency (RS-SCID), a rare disorder characterized by cellular sensitivity to radiation and the absence of lymphocytes due to impaired DNA-dependent protein kinase (DNA-PK) activity. Our results demonstrate that gene editing in RS-SCID fibroblasts rescued DNA-PK dependent signaling to overcome radiosensitivity. Furthermore, in vitro T-cell differentiation from iPSCs was employed to model the stage-specific T-cell maturation block induced by the disease causing mutation. Genetic correction of the RS-SCID iPSCs restored T-lymphocyte maturation, polyclonal V(D)J recombination of the T-cell receptor followed by successful beta-selection. In conclusion, we provide proof that iPSC-based in vitro T-cell differentiation is a valuable paradigm for SCID disease modeling, which can be utilized to investigate disorders of T-cell development and to validate gene therapy strategies for T-cell deficiencies. Moreover, this study emphasizes the significance of designer nucleases as a tool for generating isogenic disease models and their future role in producing autologous, genetically corrected transplants for various clinical applications.
Satellite Phase Bias Estimation with Global Networks and High-Dimensional Integer Ambiguity Fixing (2017)

Precise point positioning requires precise knowledge of satellite phase biases, satellite position and satellite clock corrections. In this paper, a method for the estimation of these parameters with a global network of multi-frequency reference stations is presented. It includes a clustering of the reference stations. First, individual satellite phase biases, position and clock corrections are derived for each cluster. Subsequently, the solutions of each cluster are combined. We exploit the integer property of the carrier phase ambiguities and perform an integer decorrelation and fixing within each cluster and also in the multi-cluster combination. The performance of the proposed method is analyzed with Galileo measurements on both E1 and E5a of the IGS stations. We defined 16 clusters and obtained satellite phase biases with an accuracy of better than 2 cm.
High incidence of amplification of the epidermal growth factor receptor gene in human squamous carcinoma cell lines. (1986)

Southern blot-hybridization analysis of DNAs from human tumors demonstrated amplification of the epidermal growth factor (EGF) receptor gene in 10 of 12 squamous cell carcinoma cell lines tested and in none of 18 tumor cell lines of nonsquamous cell carcinomas. The degree of amplification in the squamous cells varied from 2- to 50-fold relative to the epidermal keratinocyte. Hybridization analysis of the RNA showed that the amplification of the EGF receptor gene is accompanied with an increase of the 5.6 kilobases of EGF receptor mRNA. Scatchard plot analysis and sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel analysis of the EGF receptor revealed that the synthesis of the EGF receptor is also greater in the cells with amplified EGF receptor gene. In contrast, Southern blot analysis of DNAs of primary tumors showed that incidence of amplification of the EGF receptor gene in squamous cells (1 of 6) was almost as frequent as in nonsquamous cells (1 of 4). These results show that amplification of the EGF receptor gene is commonly found in various tumors. In addition, our data suggest that primary squamous cell carcinomas with amplified EGF receptor gene may readily adapt to growth in tissue culture.
Outline for a theory of intelligence (1991)

Intelligence is defined as that which produces successful behavior. Intelligence is assumed to result from natural selection. A model is proposed that integrates knowledge from research in both natural and artificial systems. The model consists of a hierarchical system architecture wherein: (1) control bandwidth decreases about an order of magnitude at each higher level, (2) perceptual resolution of spatial and temporal patterns contracts about an order-of-magnitude at each higher level, (3) goals expand in scope and planning horizons expand in space and time about an order-of-magnitude at each higher level, and (4) models of the world and memories of events expand their range in space and time by about an order-of-magnitude at each higher level. At each level, functional modules perform behavior generation (task decomposition planning and execution), world modeling, sensory processing, and value judgment. Sensory feedback control loops are closed at every level.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Microfluidic cell counter with embedded optical fibers fabricated by femtosecond laser ablation and anodic bonding (2009)

A simple fabrication technique to create all silicon/glass microfluidic devices is demonstrated using femtosecond laser ablation and anodic bonding. In a first application, we constructed a cell counting device based on small angle light scattering. The counter featured embedded optical fibers for multiangle excitation and detection of scattered light and/or fluorescence. The performance of the microfluidic cell counter was benchmarked against a commercial fluorescence-activated cell sorter.
COMPUTER RECOGNITION OF TOTALLY UNCONSTRAINED HANDWRITTEN ZIP CODES (1987)

This paper deals with the application of automatic sorting of envelopes with totally unconstrained handwritten numeric postal ZIP codes and presents a complete model (including preprocessing, feature extraction and classification modules) of a ZIP code reader/sorter. Different recognition methods, including statistical, structural and combined were developed and their performance on real-life ZIP code samples (8540 numerals) were measured. The statistical recognition method was used as a front-end recognizer and predictor of an unknown character. Based on edge classification, a new technique was implemented to define and extract the structural features. In the combined recognition method, unknown characters were identified either by the statistical or structural method. Its recognition reliability was found to be in the interval (96.29%, 95.94%) with substitution and rejection rates between (3.45%, 3.96%) and (2.36%, 7.01%) respectively.
Influences of caffeine to nitric oxide production and zonisamide concentration in the brain of seizure‐susceptible EL mice (2001)

To investigate changes of nitric oxide (NO) productions and zonisamide (ZNS) concentrations in the brain of seizure-susceptible EL mice given caffeine orally, mice were given caffeine (600 microg/mL) solution ad libitum as a drinking fluid for 1-3 weeks. Nitric oxide production in the brain was determined by measuring levels of nitrite plus nitrate (NOx). The brain NOx levels of mice treated with caffeine for 3 weeks were significantly higher than the control. Seizures in mice treated with caffeine for 2 and 3 weeks were not suppressed by ZNS at a dose of 75 mg/kg. Serum ZNS concentrations of mice with caffeine intake for 1-3 weeks were higher than in untreated mice. Conversely, brain ZNS concentrations of mice with caffeine intake for the same periods were significantly lower than in untreated mice. These results suggested that caffeine influenced brain NO production and ZNS concentrations in the seizure susceptibility of EL mice.
Coordinated multi-cell resource allocation for 5G ultra-reliable low latency communications (2017)

The coming 5G cellular communication system is envisioned to support a wide range of new use cases on top of regular cellular mobile broadband services. One of the 5G usage scenarios is ultra-reliable low-latency communications (URLLC). It has been predicted that URLLC will play an essential role in enabling wireless communications for emerging new services and applications such as factory automation, remote manipulation, autonomous driving and tactile Internet, to name a few. The two key performance metrics related to URLLC are latency and reliability. In this paper three coordinated multi-cell resource allocation methods for 5G URLLC are presented in a typical indoor environment. From the simulation results, it can be observed that handling inter-cell interference effectively can lead to a significant performance improvement in terms of reliability without bringing any degradation to the latency performance.
Low cost integrated optical Mux/Demux for LX4 transceiver (2007)

This presentation reviews the development of an integrated, optical Mux/Demux based on wafer scale micro-optics and optical wavelength filters. This small form factor design enabled the LX4 transceiver to satisfy X2-MSA for 10G Ethernet applications.