gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Derivation of SSEA4-/CD73+ Mesenchymal Stem Cells from Human Embryonic Stem Cells. (2006)

Abstract Human embryonic stem cells (hESCs) could potentially provide a renewable source of different types of cells for cell therapy applications. Recently, mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have been derived from hESCs either through co-culturing with murine OP9 bone marrow stromal cell line or directly from hESCs without co-culturing with OP9 cells. Although the latter methodology is clinically advantageous over co-culturing with an animal cell layer those mesenchymal cells were reported to be positive for SSEA4. SSEA4 is a marker of undifferentiated hESCs and thus the presence of this marker on hESC-derived cells could potentially be problematic for clinical applications. We have recently achieved a novel and reproducible methodology for deriving a pure population of SSEA4-/CD73+ MSCs from federally approved hESC lines H1 and H9. To initiate the differentiation of hESCs to MSCs, we cultured undifferentiated hESCs on matrigel plates in murine embryonic fibroblast conditioned media with media changes every 3 days. Under these culture conditions a portion of embryonic stem cells differentiated into fibroblast looking cells. Through a multi-step process which involved the use of a culture methodology similar to what is being used to culture bone marrow (BM)-derived MSCs, and passaging cultured cells at defined time points we were able to derive a pure population of cells that were uniformly positive for MSC marker CD73 in about a 4-weeks period. These cells had fibroblast/mesenchymal looking morphology, and expressed cell surface marker antigens similar to what has been reported for adult human BM-derived MSCs: they are positive for CD29, CD44, CD54, CD71, CD90, glycophorin A, CD105, and were negative for hematopoietic markers such as CD34 and CD45. Similar to adult BM-derived MSCs these cells express HLA class-I antigens but not class-II antigens. Using established differentiation protocols we could differentiate the hESC-derived CD73+ MSCs into adipocytes, osteocytes, and chondrocytes as verified by immunohistochemistry and RT-PCR assays. So far we have grown these CD73+ MSCs up to passages 15–18. These cells retained their differentiation potential, and were karotypically normal when tested at passage 12. Most importantly, we did not observe any MSCs that were double positive for CD73 and SSEA4 antigen at any time point during our experiments. MSCs from a variety of fetal and adult sources are in various stages of clinical trials with some encouraging preliminary results. Our hESC-derived MSCs that are very similar to adult BM-derived MSCs regarding their growth and morphologic properties, immunophenotypic characteristics, differentiation potential, and importantly are devoid of hESC marker SSEA4 could potentially provide a novel source of MSCs for clinical applications.
Modeling of Hydraulic Fracture Height Containment in Laminated Sand and Shale Sequences (2003)

Abstract The results of hydraulic fracture modeling in a hydrocarbon reservoir consisting of laminated sand and shale sequences are presented. Work previously published by other authors addresses hydraulic fracture growth characteristics in layered intervals, but little published information is available for growth in thin-bedded reservoirs. For the purposes of this paper, thin beds are considered to be on the order of less than 6 inches (15 cm) in thickness. In certain reservoirs, there may be thousands of these thin beds involved in influencing hydraulic fracture growth. The hydraulic fracture modeling is based on data from the North LaBarge Shallow Unit (NLBSU) located in the Green River basin of Wyoming. The NLBSU produces hydrocarbons from the Cretaceous-age Mesaverde interval. This reservoir is comprised of laminated sand and shale sequences. Hydraulic fracturing is necessary for economic production. Actual field data from two NLBSU wells is used in the analysis. The data includes stimulation treatment pressures and information, as well as a radioactively tagged fracture treatment. The hydraulic fracture modeling software GOHFER is used in the analysis. GOHFER is used based on its ability to approximate decoupled rock deformation with shear-slip, and its extensive use in the industry. The results of this study strongly indicate that the sand and shale laminations present in the Mesaverde reservoir act as a hydraulic fracture height containment mechanism. Two events are presented as the reasons for this observed containment. First, shear slippage is prevalent due to the numerous interfaces present in the subject depositional environment. These interfaces inhibit fracture growth through shear failure. Second, the contrast in rock mechanical property values between the sand and shale intervals reduce the fracturing energy available for fracture propagation. Further research in this area is strongly recommended due to the significant oil and gas reserves associated with this type of reservoirs. These additional research areas include laboratory investigations and field work with tiltmeter and microseismic analysis. Meanwhile, fracture modelers are strongly encouraged to evaluate the effects of laminations in their modeling efforts.
Apathy in Alzheimer’s Disease: Any Effective Treatment? (2014)

Apathy treatment remains a challenge and there is no evident advantage of any specific pharmacotherapy tested so far. The development of controlled studies according to updated guidelines for the diagnosis of apathy in patients with AD is desirable.
Dental glass‐reinforced composite for caries inhibition: Calcium phosphate ion release and mechanical properties (2009)

The two main challenges facing dental composite restorations are secondary caries and bulk fracture. Previous studies developed whisker-reinforced Ca-PO(4) composites that were relatively opaque. The objective of this study was to develop an esthetic glass particle-reinforced, photo-cured calcium phosphate composite. Tetracalcium phosphate (TTCP) particles were incorporated into a resin for Ca and PO(4) release, while glass particles provided reinforcement. Ion release and mechanical properties were measured after immersion in solutions with pH of 7, 5.5, and 4. For the composite containing 40% mass fraction of TTCP, incorporating glass fillers increased the strength (p < 0.05). Flexural strength (Mean +/- SD; n = 6) at 30% glass was 99 +/- 18 MPa, higher than 54 +/- 20 MPa at 0% glass (p < 0.05). Elastic modulus was 11 GPa at 30% glass, compared to 2 GPa without glass. At 28 days, the released Ca ion concentration was 4.61 +/- 0.18 mmol/L at pH of 4, much higher than 1.14 +/- 0.07 at pH of 5.5, and 0.27 +/- 0.01 at pH of 7 (p < 0.05). PO(4) release was also dramatically increased at cariogenic, acidic pH. The TTCP-glass composite had strength 2-3 fold that of a resin-modified glass ionomer control. In conclusion, the photo-cured TTCP-glass composite was "smart" and substantially increased the Ca and PO(4) release when the pH was reduced from neutral to a cariogenic pH of 4, when these ions are most needed to inhibit tooth caries. Its mechanical properties were significantly higher than previous Ca, PO(4), and fluoride releasing restoratives. Hence, the photo-cured TTCP-glass composite may have potential to provide the necessary combination of load-bearing and caries-inhibiting capabilities.
Balance Control During Walking in the Older Adult: Research and Its Implications (1997)

In this article, we highlight the unique nature of balance control during walking in humans. A control framework, including proactive and reactive balance control, is introduced to lay out age-related changes in different balance control mechanisms during walking. Clinical implications that may be useful for clinicians for assessment and treatment of balance problems that occur during walking are also discussed.
The Annealing Concept for Environmental Stabilization of Chemical Amplification Resists (1995)

The postexposure bake delay problem of chemical amplification resists, which manifests itself as a line width change and/or T-top/skin formation, is primarily caused by surface contamination by airborne basic substances. This paper describes our annealing concept to solve this serious problem, which is based on reduction of the resist film free volume by carrying out postapply bake above its glass transition temperature. As the diffusivity of small molecules is an exponential function of the free volume, this approach dramtically reduces contaminant absorption and provides excellent environmental stabilization. Use of meta-isomer resins to lower glass trnsition temperatures for better annealing is described first to prove the validity of our annealing concept. In addition, a new positive resist named ESCAP is proposed, which is processed at unconventionally high temperatures to achieve good annealing and contamination resistance.
Role for Krüppel-Like Factor 4 in Determining the Outcome of p53 Response to DNA Damage (2009)

Cells are incessantly exposed to many sources of genotoxic stress. A critical unresolved issue is how the resulting activation of the p53 tumor suppressor can lead to either cell cycle arrest or apoptosis depending on the extent of DNA damage. The present study shows that the level of Krüppel-like factor 4 (KLF4) expression is inversely correlated with the extent of DNA damage. KLF4 is activated by p53 following cytostatic, mild DNA damage, whereas it is strongly repressed via enhanced turnover of mRNA on severe DNA damage that irreversibly drives cells to apoptosis. Blocking the repression of KLF4 on severe DNA damage suppresses p53-mediated apoptosis, whereas ablation of the KLF4 induction on mild DNA damage shifts the p53 response from cell cycle arrest to cell death. Our results suggest that coordinate regulation of KLF4 expression depending on the extent of DNA damage may be an important mechanism that dictates the life and death decisions of p53.
초간편 H형강 기둥-보 약축접합부의 구조성능 및 CO₂ 저감량 평가 (2011)

강구조에서 약축에 대한 접합기술 및 연구는 소수의 연구자들에 의해 진행되고 있으며, 연구실적 및 접합부 기술발전의 성과가 많이 부족한 실정이다. 기존 브라켓타입의 약축접합부는 효율적인 시공성 및 CO₂배출량의 저감을 위하여 개선될 필요가 있으며, 구조 능이 우수하고 CO₂배출량이 적은 새로운 형태의 약축접합부로 대체되어야 할 것이다. 그러나 새로운 형태의 약축접합부는 구조성능의 검증 및 안 전성에 대한 검토가 선행되어야 하며, CO₂저감에 관한 연구가 진행되어야 할 것으로 판단된다. 따라서 본 연구는 기존 브라켓타입의 축접합부, 표준약축접합부 및 초간편 약축접합부를 대상으로 구조성능을 검토하였으며, 약축접합에 필요한 접합재료의 소요수량 및 CO₂배출 을 정량적으로 평가하였다.그 결과,초간편 약축접합부가 구조성능이 우수하고,CO₂배출량도 적으며,접합재료의 소요수량이 적기 때문에 시성이 우수하여 기존 브라켓타입의 약축접합부를 대체할 수 있을 것으로 판단된다.
Research on College Students’ Physique Testing Platform Based on Big Data Analysis (2022)

With the progress of the times, people’s living standards have significantly improved, gradually put physical health in the first place, college students as the country’s future talent reserve, its physical health development is particularly important. But for a long time, the physique level of college students has failed to reach the standard, and universities are exploring ways to improve the physique level of college students. In view of the existing deficiencies in the monitoring platform of student’s physique, we fully utilize the advanced technology of computer and Internet development and follow the basic principles of economical practicality, scalability, user-friendliness and real-time information exchange to establish monitoring and service platform for college students’ physique. With the aid of the thinking mode of big data and related technology, build the physical health of college students in China big data analytics platform framework, physical health of large numbers of college students in China are put forward According to the analysis platform construction principle, data source, data handling, data platform and application platform, etc., in order to guide the physical health of college students practice in our country, to promote the reform of physical health education for students in colleges and universities. By using big data analysis technology, 65,535 physical health records of all students in a university from 2017 to 2019 were recorded as data sources, and algorithm based on distance was applied to cluster analysis of two groups of data classified by male and female gender, and a series of data were processed, converted, and modeled.
CEASAR: a smooth, accurate and robust centerline extraction algorithm (2000)

We present CEASAR, a centerline extraction algorithm that delivers smooth, accurate and robust results. Centerlines are needed for accurate measurements of length along winding tubular structures. Centerlines are also required in automatic virtual navigation through human organs, such as the colon or the aorta, as they are used to control movement and orientation of the virtual camera. We introduce a concise but general definition of a centerline, and provide an algorithm that finds the centerline accurately and rapidly. Our algorithm is provably correct for general geometries. Our solution is fully automatic, which frees the user from having to engage in data preprocessing. For a number of test datasets, we show the smooth and accurate centerlines computed by our CEASAR algorithm on a single 194 MHz MIPS R10000 CPU within five minutes.
Mechanisms of DNA Packaging by Large Double-Stranded DNA Viruses (2015)

Translocation of viral double-stranded DNA (dsDNA) into the icosahedral prohead shell is catalyzed by TerL, a motor protein that has ATPase, endonuclease, and translocase activities. TerL, following endonucleolytic cleavage of immature viral DNA concatemer recognized by TerS, assembles into a pentameric ring motor on the prohead's portal vertex and uses ATP hydrolysis energy for DNA translocation. TerL's N-terminal ATPase is connected by a hinge to the C-terminal endonuclease. Inchworm models propose that modest domain motions accompanying ATP hydrolysis are amplified, through changes in electrostatic interactions, into larger movements of the C-terminal domain bound to DNA. In phage ϕ29, four of the five TerL subunits sequentially hydrolyze ATP, each powering translocation of 2.5 bp. After one viral genome is encapsidated, the internal pressure signals termination of packaging and ejection of the motor. Current focus is on the structures of packaging complexes and the dynamics of TerL during DNA packaging, endonuclease regulation, and motor mechanics.
Smart IOT Surveillance Multi-Camera Monitoring System (2019)

The surveillance digital monitoring process market has changed aggressively over the last 15 years. Where the process was needed for people to secure their business by a simple surveillance camera system to give them that much needed peace of mind. However, the existing monitoring systems are very expensive due to internal specific SDK configuration which was embedded in the camera itself. Some of them provide a solution such as a high-priced customized command center that has several screens view which communicates with several cameras to monitor the cameras with a specific detection analysis module. In this paper, a cheaper solution to the monitoring system for existing surveillance cameras is introduced to overcome the solution. This system only implements open source image processing methods to produce a monitoring system with customizable modules for video analytics (video content analysis) with the input of live video sources. This is to allow a wider range of camera models that can be used for this system. A real-time analysis module will assist in the use of the system to ease the user. The combined video stream and the module will help the user immensely for surveillance propose. Based on the result, the proposed system achieved a higher affordability level up to 95% with 90% usability compared to existing products.
Modulation in Ocean Primary Production due to Variability of Photosynthetically Available Radiation under Different Atmospheric Conditions (2014)

The rate of photosynthesis primarily depends on nutrients and photosynthetically available radiation (PAR) at sea surface. Several ship cruises were carried out to measure optical, biological, and atmospheric parameters in the Arabian Sea and their variability were studied. An analytical nonspectral photosynthesis-irradiance model was used to estimate euphotic primary production (EuPP) to study its variability during cruise periods. PAR was estimated using COART model using in situ measured aerosol optical depth (AOD) to compare with in situ measured PAR. In order to understand the variability of PAR under different types of aerosol and different aerosol loading, a simulation study was carried out using COART model. EuPP was estimated for various PAR values under different aerosol loading and cloud coverage conditions. Sensitivity analysis showed that for maritime, maritime polluted, and desert aerosols, the ratio PAR/PAR 0AOD has attenuated to about 11–25%, whereas it has attenuated to 44% for urban aerosol type. PAR/PAR clear sky was reduced by ~ 57% for high aerosol loading and for overcast sky. The decrease in EuPP under various aerosol loading and cloud coverage was observed to depend on the photoadaptation parameter. EuPP/EuPP clear sky was reduced by 38% for maximum maritime aerosol loading and for overcast sky.
Cytokine Gene Transfer into Dendritic Cells for Cancer Treatment (2002)

Bone marrow-derived dendritic cells have been used to treat established experimental tumors by unleashing a cellular immune response against tumor antigens. Such antigens are artificially loaded onto dendritic cells' antigen-presenting molecules by different techniques including incubation with synthetic antigenic determinants, tumor lysates or nucleic acids encoding for those relevant antigens. Ex vivo gene transfer with viral and non-viral vectors is frequently used to obtain expression of the tumor antigens and thereby to formulate the therapeutic vaccines. Efficacy of the approaches is greatly enhanced if dendritic cells are transfected with a number of genes which encode immunostimulating factors. In some cases, such as with IL-12, IL-7 and CD40L genes, injection inside experimental malignancies of thus transfected dendritic cells induces complete tumor regression in several models. In this case tumor antigens are captured by dendritic cells by still unclear mechanisms and transported to lymphoid organs where productive antigen presentation to T-cells takes place. Many clinical trials testing dendritic cell-based vaccines against cancer are in progress and partial clinical efficacy has been already proved. Transfection of genes further strengthening the immunogenicity of such strategies will join the clinical club soon.
Physiological responses of<i>Cladophora glomerata</i>to cyanotoxins: a potential new phytoremediation species for the Green Liver Systems (2015)

Due to increased pollution of potable water sources as a consequence of eutrophication and anthropogenic xenobiotics, sustainable water purification is an essential concern. Therefore, the Green Liver System, a natural, economic and sustainable water purification system employing the biotransformation capabilities of aquatic plants, was developed. To expand the capacities and applications of this system, new aquatic plants are continually evaluated for their potential to remediate various aquatic pollutants. In this study, the potential of Cladophora glomerata to internalize cyanotoxins, microcystins (MCs) and anatoxin-a, and consequently its ability to cope with the subsequent oxidative stress associated with toxin-uptake were investigated. C. glomerata was able to take up all three of the tested MC congeners as well as anatoxin-a, similarly to previous toxin internalizations reported for aquatic plants such as Ceratophyllum demersum, Myriophyllum spicatum and Hydrilla versiculata. The antioxidative stress defense of C. glomerata proved to efficiently endure the toxin-uptake with no adverse effects. Subsequently, the uptake potential of C. glomerata was investigated at lab-scale by exposure to the three MC congeners and anatoxin-a collectively. After a period of seven days, 95–97% of the MCs and 100% of anatoxin-a were removed from the exposure media. C. glomerata therefore, is a suitable candidate to be incorporated in future Green Liver Systems.
Effect of Hymenolepis nana on the protein and lipid in the intestinal mucosal cells of mice. (1991)

Total proteins and total lipids were histochemically demonstrated in the intestinal mucosal cells of mice experimentally infected with H. nana. At the tissue phase, moderate decrease in both protein and lipid contents was noticed in the jejunal mucosal cells of villi with intravillous oncospheres or cysticercoids while in non-invaded villi, mucosal cells showed normal contents. At the luminal phase, marked decrease in protein contents and slight decrease in lipid contents were demonstrated in the ileal mucosal cells of most of the villi. The significance of these findings and their relevance to human infection with H. nana are presented.
Alda‐1 modulates the kinetic properties of mitochondrial aldehyde dehydrogenase (<scp>ALDH</scp>2) (2016)

Mitochondrial aldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH2) has been proposed as a key enzyme in cardioprotection during ischemia-reperfusion processes. This proposal led to the search for activators of ALDH2 with the aim to develop cardioprotective drugs. Alda-1 was the first activator of ALDH2 identified and its cardioprotective effect has been extensively proven in vivo; however, the mechanism of activation is not fully understood. A crystallographic study showed that Alda-1 binds to the entrance of the aldehyde-binding site; therefore, Alda-1 should in essence be an inhibitor. In the present study, kinetic experiments were performed to characterize the effect of Alda-1 on the properties of ALDH2 (kinetic parameters, determination of the rate-limiting step, reactivity of the catalytic cysteine) and on the kinetic mechanism (type of kinetics, sequence of substrates entering, and products release). The results showed that Alda-1 dramatically modifies the properties of ALDH2, the K<sub>m</sub> for NAD<sup>+</sup> decreased by 2.4-fold, and the catalytic efficiency increased 4.4-fold; however, the K<sub>m</sub> for the aldehyde increased 8.6-fold, thus, diminishing the catalytic efficiency. The alterations in these parameters resulted in a complex behavior, where Alda-1 acts as inhibitor at low concentrations of aldehyde and as an activator at high concentrations. Additionally, the binding of Alda-1 to ALDH2 made the deacylation less limiting and diminished the pK<sub>a</sub> of the catalytic cysteine. Finally, NADH inhibition patterns indicated that Alda-1 induced a change in the sequence of substrates entry and products release, in agreement with the proposal of both substrates entering ALDH2 by the NAD<sup>+</sup> entrance site.
Tetracycline Repressor-Based Mammalian Two-Hybrid Systems (2011)

The study of protein-protein interactions is critical for the understanding and regulation of biological systems. To that end, yeast two-hybrid systems have been used to study protein-protein interactions in vivo, but they frequently suffer from a high incidence of false positives when applied to mammalian systems. A novel mammalian two-hybrid system has recently been developed which exhibits lower background and higher sensitivity than earlier mammalian two-hybrid systems. It has successfully detected interactions with dissociation constants ranging from 0.99 nM to 55 μM. The system was built upon the tetracycline repressor-tetracycline operator interaction and is suitable for use in the study of most, if not all, mammalian protein-protein interactions.