gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
In Vivo Quantitative Microcomputed Tomographic Analysis of Vasculature and Organs in a Normal and Diseased Mouse Model (2016)

Non-bone in vivo micro-CT imaging has many potential applications for preclinical evaluation. Specifically, the in vivo quantification of changes in the vascular network and organ morphology in small animals, associated with the emergence and progression of diseases like bone fracture, inflammation and cancer, would be critical to the development and evaluation of new therapies for the same. However, there are few published papers describing the in vivo vascular imaging in small animals, due to technical challenges, such as low image quality and low vessel contrast in surrounding tissues. These studies have primarily focused on lung, cardiovascular and brain imaging. In vivo vascular imaging of mouse hind limbs has not been reported. We have developed an in vivo CT imaging technique to visualize and quantify vasculature and organ structure in disease models, with the goal of improved quality images. With 1-2 minutes scanning by a high speed in vivo micro-CT scanner (Quantum CT), and injection of a highly efficient contrast agent (Exitron nano 12000), vasculature and organ structure were semi-automatically segmented and quantified via image analysis software (Analyze). Vessels of the head and hind limbs, and organs like the heart, liver, kidneys and spleen were visualized and segmented from density maps. In a mouse model of bone metastasis, neoangiogenesis was observed, and associated changes to vessel morphology were computed, along with associated enlargement of the spleen. The in vivo CT image quality, voxel size down to 20 μm, is sufficient to visualize and quantify mouse vascular morphology. With this technique, in vivo vascular monitoring becomes feasible for the preclinical evaluation of small animal disease models.
Efficient Slurry-Phase Homopolymerization of Ethylene to Branched Polyethylenes Using α-Diimine Nickel(II) Catalysts Covalently Linked to Silica Supports (2006)

α-Diimine nickel(II) complexes covalently linked to a silica support were obtained by the reaction of an amino- or hydroxy-functionalized α-diimine nickel complex with silica particles treated with trimethyl aluminum. These silica-supported aryl α-diimine nickel(II) precatalysts linked via an amino (1a) or hydroxy functionality (1b−c) at the p-aryl position, and precatalysts linked via one (2a) or two (2b) hydroxy functionalities in the alkyl backbone were used in slurry polymerizations of ethylene to produce branched polyethylenes. Activation of precatalysts with ethylaluminum sesquichloride was effective even at very low Al/Ni ratios of 48. Initial polymerizations, performed at 60 °C and 150 psig ethylene, showed excellent productivities of up to 10.8 kg PE per gram of 1b (3.0 wt % nickel loading). Low productivities at temperatures above 60 °C can in part be overcome by increase in ethylene pressure. For example, a productivity of 6.0 kg PE per gram of 1b (3.0 wt % nickel loading) was obtained at 80 °C and 700 psig ethylene. The best polymerization productivities were obtained with trimethylaluminum as a traceless silica-linker, however, tetrachlorosilane and trichloroborane are attractive alternatives. Branching densities can be controlled by choice of ortho-aryl substituents. No reactor fouling occurs with these supported catalysts.
Secondary-side adaptive digital controlled series resonant DC-DC converters for low voltage high current applications (2008)

It is more difficult for VRMs to supply power to future microprocessors, which need lower supply voltage, large current and large current slew rate. Most of today's VRMs are with inductor-capacitor type output filters. The inductor in the output filter limits the current transient speed. Hence, the secondary-side controlled series resonant converter with capacitor type filter is introduced in this paper to overcome this limitation. The lack of the inductor in its output filter makes it have very quick dynamic response. Also an adaptive control scheme is proposed to control the current-type synchronous MOSFETs, which eliminates the current sensor in the power path. Theoretical analysis and simulation results verify the proposed concept.
Clinical Characteristics of Bacteremia Patients in the Intensive Care Unit of a Referral Teaching Hospital in Taiwan (2007)

The aim of this study was to understand the clinical features and bacteriology, as well as assess prognostic mortality factors, of patients with bacteremia in intensive care unit (ICU) setting. We retrospectively analyzed bacteremia patients who were admitted to the 33-bed general ICU at Li-Shin Hospital in Taiwan from January 2004 through June 2005. Data of demographic, clinical, laboratory, microorganisms, co-morbidity and outcomes were collected for the analysis of bacteremia patients upon taking of blood culture. During the study period, a total of 163 patients met the criteria. There were 97 men (59.5%) and 66 women (40.5%). The mean age was 70.5±17.1 years (range, 21-99 years). The clinical features included sepsis in 15 patients (9.2%), severe sepsis in 39 patients (23.9%), and septic shock in 63 patients (38.7%). The mean Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation Ⅱ (APACHE Ⅱ) score was 22.3±9.8 (range, 6-54). The most frequently encountered comorbidities were ventilator requirement, followed by acute renal failure, and gastrointestinal bleeding. A total of 189 isolates of microorganisms were identified. The most frequently isolated microorganisms were Staphylococcus aureus, followed by Klebsiella pneumoniae, E. coli, Streptococcus spp., and Pseudomonas aeroginosa. The overall in-hospital mortality rate was 50.3%. Using univariate logistic regression, the significant predictors of death were septic shock (OR=3.8, p＜0.001), APACHE Ⅱ score ＞30 (OR=2.2, p=0.04), ventilator requirement (OR=14.9, p＜0.001), hepatic failure (OR=3.6, p=0.038), acute renal failure (OR=2.2, p=0.015), bandemia (OR=3.5, p=0.001), thrombocytopenia (OR=2.3, p=0.025), prothrombin time prolongation (OR=6.1, p=0.036), hypoalbuminemia (OR=3.6, p=0.003), metabolic acidosis (OR=2.5, p=0.01), and adequate antimicrobial therapy (OR=0.3, p=0.001). Considering the extremely high mortality rate of bacteremia patients in the ICU, early identification of these patients is critical in allowing for effective targeting of treatment efforts.
The role of protein kinase C-alpha (PKC-α) in melanoma (2004)

In the 1980s, protein kinase C (PKC) was identified as a contributing factor in skin tumorigenesis. As drugs targeting specifically PKC have become available, the intent of this review was to assess the role of PKC, in particular of PKC-alpha in melanoma or other skin cancers. We reviewed and summarized published studies examining the role of PKC-alpha in the development of melanoma or other skin cancers. Most studies to date have been cell-culture based. In models of melanoma, PKC-alpha activation is typically associated with increased tumour cell proliferation, invasiveness and decreased differentiation, suggesting that PKC-alpha inhibitors, such as aprinocarsen, an antisense oligonucleotide directed against PKC-alpha, may be appropriate in the treatment of skin malignancies. Because of the recent developments on selective or specific PKC-alpha inhibitors, including aprinocarsen, there is a growing need to conduct further translational research, especially in melanoma patients, to identify the patient population that might benefit most from PKC-alpha targeted therapy.
Automated equivalence checking of switch level circuits (2002)

A chip that is required to meet strict operating criteria in terms of speed, power, or area is commonly custom designed at the switch level. Traditional techniques for verifying these designs, based on simulation, are expensive in terms of resources and cannot completely guarantee correct operation. Formal verification methods, on the other hand, provide for a complete proof of correctness, and require less effort to setup. This paper presents Motorola's Switch Level Verification (SLV) tool, which employs detailed switch level analysis to model the behavior of MOS transistors and obtain an equivalent RTL model. This tool has been used for equivalence checking at the switch level for several years within Motorola for the PowerPC, M*Core and DSP custom blocks. We focus on the novel techniques employed in SLV, particularly in the areas of pre-charged and sequential logic analysis, and provide details on the automated and integrated equivalence checking flow in which the tool is used.
Update of fecal markers of inflammation in inflammatory bowel disease (2011)

The diagnosis, prognosis, and assessment of disease activity of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) require investigating clinical, radiological, and histological criteria, as well as serum inflammatory markers. However, a range of fecal inflammatory markers now appears to have the potential to greatly assist in these processes. Calprotectin, a prominent neutrophil protein, was identified two decades ago as a potentially revolutionary marker for IBD. Following this discovery, numerous additional markers, including S100A12, lactoferrin, and M2-pyruvate kinase, have also been suggested as novel markers of IBD. In the present study, we provide an up-to-date review of fecal markers of IBD, and further, provide a novel analysis of each of these fecal markers in severe ulcerative colitis and compare their expression pattern in contrast to calprotectin.
Use of artificial skin constructs in permeation studies of clindamycin phosphate. (2005)

Penetration and permeation of topically applied substances may be studied in vitro either by using excised human and animal skin or with a 3-dimensional artificial skin construct (ASC). In the present study, ASC consisting of dermal and epidermal layers were cultivated with human dermal fibroblasts and spontaneously transformed human epidermal cells from the HaCaT-cell line. For comparative purposes the permeation barrier of ASC was also evaluated using a commercial skin model (AST-2000). Higher drug permeabilities were achieved with ASC in comparison with excised human stratum corneum (EHSC). The factors between permeation coefficients of ASC and EHSC depend on the respective drugs and also on different types of the formulation. Due to higher permeation coefficients obtained, the running time of the experiments could be reduced in the case of ASC. A further advantage of ASC is the independency of skin donations. Additionally, cultivation of ASC for the use in permeation studies is possible in advance, because storage conditions under nitrogen freezing do not affect ASC quality negatively.
Production of bioactive recombinant human myeloid‐derived growth factor in <i>Escherichia coli</i> and its mechanism on vascular endothelial cell proliferation (2019)

Myeloid-derived growth factor (MYDGF) is a novel protein secreted by bone marrow cells that features important physiological functions. In recent years, MYDGF has gained considerable interest due to their extensive beneficial effect on cardiac repair and protects cardiomyocytes from cell death. However, its precise molecular mechanisms have not been well elucidated. The purpose of this study was to produce sufficient amount of biologically active recombinant human (rh) MYDGF more economically and effectively by using in vitro molecular cloning techniques to study its clinical application. The prokaryotic expression system of Escherichia coli was established for the preparation of rhMYDGF. Finally, a large amount of high biologically active and purified form of recombinant protein was obtained. Moreover, we investigated the potential mechanism of rhMYDGF-mediated proliferation and survival in human coronary artery endothelial cells (HCAECs). Mechanistically, the results suggested that MAPK/STAT3 and the cyclin D1 signalling pathways are indispensable for rhMYDGF-mediated HCAEC proliferation and survival. Therefore, this study successfully established a preparation protocol for biologically active rhMYDGF and it may be a most economical way to produce high-quality active rhMYDGF for future clinical application.
Barotropic Tide in the Northeast South China Sea (2004)

A moored array deployed across the shelf break in the northeast South China Sea during April-May 2001 collected sufficient current and pressure data to allow estimation of the barotropic tidal currents and energy fluxes at five sites ranging in depth from 350 to 71 m. The tidal currents in this area were mixed, with the diurnal O1 and K1 currents dominant over the upper slope and the semidiurnal M2 current dominant over the shelf. The semidiurnal S2 current also increased onshelf (northward), but was always weaker than O1 and K1. The tidal currents were elliptical at all sites, with clockwise turning with time. The O1 and K1 transports decreased monotonically northward by a factor of 2 onto the shelf, with energy fluxes directed roughly westward over the slope and eastward over the shelf. The M2 and S2 current ellipses turned clockwise and increased in amplitude northward onto the shelf. The M2 and S2 transport ellipses also exhibited clockwise veering but little change in amplitude, suggesting roughly nondivergent flow in the direction of major axis orientation. The M2 energy flux was generally aligned with the transport major axis with little phase lag between high water and maximum transport. These barotropic energy fluxes are compared with the locally generated diurnal internal tide and high-frequency internal solitary-type waves generated by the M2 flow through the Luzon Strait.
Modeling Rate-Controlling Solvent Effects. The Pericyclic Meisenheimer Rearrangement of <i>N</i>-Propargylmorpholine <i>N</i>-Oxide (2005)

The activation parameters of the pericyclic Meisenheimer rearrangement and a competitive rearrangement of N-propargylmorpholine N-oxide were determined by experimental and computational methods. A number of aprotic and protic solvents of different polarities and hydrogen bond-forming abilities and the roles of electron-pair acceptor additives were investigated. The reaction kinetics were followed by means of NMR. In protic solvents, isotope-labeling experiments revealed a novel inverse secondary kinetic isotope effect (k(H)/k(D) about 0.8) for the rate-determining cyclization step, probably occurring because of a C(sp) --> C(sp(2)) change in hybridization at the reaction center. In molecular computations at the B3LYP/6-31++G(d,p) level of theory, implicit, explicit, and joint explicit-implicit solvent models were used. The explicit-implicit model and molecular dynamic simulations gave the most accurate results. The components of the rate-controlling solvent effect are discussed, and general equations are proposed for accurate prediction of the solvent-dependent activation parameters.
Total synthesis of (.+-.)-aphidicolin (1980)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTTotal synthesis of (.+-.)-aphidicolinE. J. Corey, Marcus A. Tius, and Jagabandhu DasCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1980, 102, 5, 1742–1744Publication Date (Print):February 1, 1980Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 February 1980https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00525a055https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00525a055research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views2015Altmetric-Citations122LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Urease (1988)

Urease kommt in vielen Bakterien und Schimmelpilzen, in Pflanzen und in einigen niederen Tieren vor. Säugetiere besitzen keine Urease. Technisch wird das Enzym hauptsächlich aus Sojabohnen gewonnen (2).
Visibility depth improvement in active polarization imaging in scattering media (2000)

A simple image-subtraction technique for further enhancement of the visibility depth in polarized imaging of surfaces immersed in scattering media is proposed and assessed. The technique is based on active illumination with circular or linear polarization states and image detection in the original and the opposite, or orthogonal, states. Contrast enhancement is achieved by subtraction of a fraction of the image recorded in the original state from that recorded in the opposite state. Results demonstrating the effectiveness of this method, obtained with Monte Carlo techniques, show that the visibility depth can be increased by as much as a mean free path. The results obtained are compared with those obtained by use of two alternative methods.
Condition of Stable Operation in a Hall Thruster (2003)

An oscillation model at frequency range of 10-100kHz in a Hall thruster is proposed where the oscillation is due to ionization interaction between electrons and neutral particles and where the phase velocity of plasma is assumed zero. Oscillation amplitude was measured using a 1kW class Hall thruster to validate this model. The predicted unstable operational condition agreed qualitatively with the experimental results. This model shows that anode configuration will affect stability, and experimental results supported this.
High energy conversion efficiency conducting polymer actuators based on PEDOT:PSS/MWCNTs composite electrode (2017)

High performance actuator with large deformation and high conversion efficiency.
Differential phase-contrast, swept-source optical coherence tomography at 1060 nm for in vivo human retinal and choroidal vasculature visualization (2012)

Human retinal and choroidal vasculature was visualized by a differential phase-contrast (DPC) method using high-speed, swept-source optical coherence tomography (SS-OCT) at 1060 nm. The vasculature was recognized as regions of motion by creating differential phase-variance (DPV) tomograms: multiple B-scans of individual slices through the retina were collected and the variance of the phase differences was calculated. DPV captured the small vessels and the meshwork of capillaries associated with the inner retina in en-face images over 4 mm(2). The swept-source laser at 1060 nm offered the needed phase sensitivity to perform DPV and generated en-face images that capture motion in the inner choroidal layer exceeding the capabilities of previous spectrometer-based instruments. In comparison with the power Doppler phase-shift method, DPV provided better visualization of the foveal avascular zone in en-face images.
All‐Arthroscopic Suprapectoral Versus Open Subpectoral Tenodesis of the Long Head of the Biceps Brachii Without the Use of Interference Screws (2016)

Level III, retrospective comparative trial.
Structural analysis of high strength HNBR/ZDMA composites. (1993)

部分水素化NBR(HNBR)とメタクリル酸亜鉛(ZDMA)との複合体は, カーボンブラック補強ゴムと比較して高強度(55MPa)が出るのが特徴である. パーオキサイドで架橋を行う工程中で, 平均粒径5μmのZDMAモノマーはin situで重合する. その過程でZDMAは拡散しながら重合し最終的に2nmサイズに分散されたPoly-ZDMA粒子相を形成する. この粒子が凝集して高次構造を形成する. 観察されたモルフォロジーと引張特性との関連性について述べる.
The fictionable world (2005)

‘The fictionable world’ is a phrase from Finnegans Wake, and the pun is obvious. Joyce is thinking of the fashionable world, and putting himself at some distance from it. But the idea that a world could be fictionable, as a slander or an insult, say, may be actionable, does perhaps have some force to it. There would, for the word to make sense, have to be worlds which are not fictionable, and we could wonder what they are. And then fictionable wouldn't mean quite the same as fictional, or fictitious. It would mean available for conversion into fiction; ripe or ready for fiction, or at least not intrinsically resistant to it. A fictionable world would perhaps catch fiction's eye; fiction would find it promising. Fiction might even start a fashion.
ChemInform Abstract: SYNTHESIS AND NEUROPHARMACOLOGY OF CYCLOBUTANECARBOXYLIC ACID DERIVATIVES (1976)

Urea, hydrazide and amide derivatives of cyclobutanecarboxylic acid have been examined for central nervous systems depressant properties, potentiation of barbiturate induced sleep, myorelaxant, antitremorine and anticonvulsant activity. The urea derivatives have central nervous system depressant qualities while the hydrazines and heterocyclic amides are either inactive or have central nervous system excitatory properties. N,N'-o-methoxybenzylidenebiscyclobutanecarboxamide and 1,3-dicyclo-butanecarbonyl-2-thiourea are myorelaxant; 1-cyclobutanecarbonyl-3-allylurea antagonizes Metrazol induced convulsions; 1,3-dicyclobutanecarbonyl-2-thiourea and N-cyclobutanecarbonyl morpholine antagonizes tremorine induced tremors.
Handbook of Pharmaceutical Granulation Technology (2005)

Theory of granulation drug substance and excipient characterization binders and solvents spray drying as an alternative granulation technique roller compaction technology high shear mixer granulators low shear granulators batch fluid bedgranulation single-pot processing extrusion-spheronization as a granulation technique continuous granulation sizing of granulation granulation characterization - methods and significance bioavailability and granule properties regulatory issues ingranulation processes.
The Final Solution (1989)

Review of Why Did the Heavens Not Darken? by Arno J. Mayer.This article can also be found at the Monthly Review website, where most recent articles are published in full.Click here to purchase a PDF version of this article at the Monthly Review website.
Microglial mitogens are produced in the developing and injured mammalian brain. (1991)

The central nervous system produces growth factors that stimulate proliferation of ameboid microglia during embryogenesis and after traumatic injury. Two microglial mitogens (MMs) are recovered from the brain of newborn rat. MM1 has an approximate molecular mass of 50 kD and a pI of approximately 6.8; MM2 has a molecular mass of 22 kD and a pI of approximately 5.2. These trypsin-sensitive proteins show specificity of action upon glia in vitro serving as growth factors for ameboid microglia but not astroglia or oligodendroglia. Although the MMs did not stimulate proliferation of blood monocytes or resident peritoneal macrophage, MM1 shows granulocyte macrophage colony-stimulating activity when tested upon bone marrow progenitor cells. Microglial mitogens may help to control brain mononuclear phagocytes in vivo. The MMs first appear in the cerebral cortex of rat during early development with peak levels around embryonic day E-20, a period of microglial proliferation. Microglial mitogens are also produced by traumatized brain of adult rats within 2 d after injury. When infused into the cerebral cortex, MM1 and MM2 elicit large numbers of mononuclear phagocytes at the site of injection. In vitro study shows that astroglia from newborn brain secrete MM2. These observations point to the existence of a regulatory system whereby secretion of proteins from brain glia helps to control neighboring inflammatory responses.