gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Maximum Effect of Urokinase Plasminogen Activator Inhibitors in the Control of Invasion and Metastasis of Rat Mammary Cancer (1998)

Experimentally induced pulmonary metastases of mammary cancer in the Fisher 344 rat can be suppressed by the inhibition of urokinase plasminogen activator (uPA). The inhibition of uPA with amiloride or B428 has been shown to be dose dependent. Increased dosage levels of inhibitors might be expected to enhance levels of suppression of metastases. The use of each of these inhibitors at equipotent concentrations that exceeded the doses administered in previous studies failed to eliminate pulmonary metastases. These results demonstrate that a maximum limit is attained for the inhibitory capacities on cells during in vitro invasion or in vivo metastasis. At increased levels, uPA inhibitors continue to suppress, but do not eradicate, experimental pulmonary metastases of MATB cell rat mammary cancer.
Use of Industrial Robots in Additive Manufacturing - A Survey and Feasibility Study (2014)

This paper presents a marketing survey and feasibility study on robotic Additive Manufacturing (AM) and its applications. The general trend and potential future of AM technologies have been reviewed and discussed. Open-form 3-D printing used in casting and architectural AM is the major focus. A rough survey on potential usages of AM in research and development as well as in production has been conducted and the result looks positive and encouraging. AM machine builders, service companies and end-users have been surveyed, visited, and interviewed. Various industrial robotic AM application cases have been presented and evaluated. The feasibility of robotic AM in different applications have been reviewed and discussed with focus on some typical applications. As a result of the study, a summary and conclusion has been given at the end of the paper, which shows the potential robotic business opportunities in the areas of both direct printing and post-processing of the additive manufactured parts.
Content-scalable shape representation and coding (2002)

In this paper, we present new methods for content-scalable shape representation and coding where different parts of a certain shape can be represented and coded at varying quality levels. We present a hierarchical vertex selection algorithm and develop a vertex-based content-scalable contour representation and coding method. In addition, we show how content-scalable shape coding can be achieved by modifying the leading bitmap-based shape coding methods. Experimental results are given in the paper.
ColotypeR gene signature predicts response to cetuximab in colorectal cancer metastases. (2019)

599 Background: The consensus molecular subtypes (CMS1-4) partition primary colorectal cancer (CRC) into subgroups with distinct molecular characteristics. We previously reported a 20-genes ColotypeR-CMS signature that accurately defines CMS subtypes for primary CRC tumor samples. The utility of CMS subtyping in defining response to treatment of CRC metastases remains to be established. Here, we report the ability of ColotypeR scores to predict differential response to cetuximab among CMS subtypes in CRC metastases. Methods: The role of ColotypeR-CMS signature scores was assessed in CRC metastasis samples (GSE5851, N = 68, Affymetrix microarray) in predicting response to cetuximab. Progression-free survival (PFS) was the primary endpoint. The predictive significance of ColotypeR-CMS scores relative to KRAS mutation status was also studied using multivariate Cox proportional hazards models. Results: ColotypeR-CMS scores were computed in GSE5851 using the algorithm developed in primary tumor samples. Higher values of ColotypeR-CMS CMS2 score were significantly predictive of longer PFS (p = 5 x 10 -5 for the score test in Cox proportional hazards model; hazard ratio 0.20 (95%CI 0.09-0.44) in CRC metastases samples (GSE5851, N = 68) treated with cetuximab. PFS was independent of CMS1,3, 4 scores. KRAS wild type tumors had significantly longer PFS (p = 0.01; hazard ratio 0.49 (95%CI 0.28-0.86). In multivariate survival analysis, ColotypeR-CMS CMS2 score added to the significance of KRAS status (p = 0.012) and ColotypeR-CMS CMS2 score was predictive of longer PFS in KRAS wild type tumors (p = 0.009; hazard ratio 0.20 (95%CI 0.06-0.69)). Conclusions: We showed that in CRC metastasis samples, the ColotypeR CMS2 score was highly predictive of sensitivity to cetuximab treatment, while no increase in PFS was observed for higher values of CMS1, 3, 4 scores.
An EGFRvIII-targeted bispecific T-cell engager overcomes limitations of the standard of care for glioblastoma (2013)

While advanced surgical techniques, radiation therapy and chemotherapeutic regimens provide a tangible benefit for patients with glioblastoma (GBM), the average survival from the time of diagnosis remains less than 15 months. Current therapy for GBM is limited by the nonspecific nature of treatment, prohibiting therapy that is aggressive and prolonged enough to eliminate all malignant cells. As an alternative, bispecific antibodies can redirect the immune system to eliminate malignant cells with exquisite potency and specificity. We have recently developed an EGF receptor variant III (EGFRvIII)-targeted bispecific antibody that redirects T cells to eliminate EGFRvIII-expressing GBM. The absolute tumor specificity of EGFRvIII and the lack of immunologic crossreactivity with healthy cells allow this therapeutic to overcome limitations associated with the nonspecific nature of the current standard of care for GBM. Evidence indicates that the molecule can exert therapeutically significant effects in the CNS following systemic administration. Additional advantages in terms of ease-of-production and off-the-shelf availability further the clinical utility of this class of therapeutics.
Optimized rule induction (1993)

Swap-1, a state-of-the-art system for learning decision rules from data, is presented. The method embodied in Swap-1 generates reduced-complexity solutions by inducing compact solutions in larger dimensions where many rules might be needed to make accurate predictions. For many applications, such systems can automatically construct relatively compact rule sets with highly predictive performance.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Identification and characterization of rat intestinal trefoil factor: tissue- and cell-specific member of the trefoil protein family. (1991)

The trefoil peptide family encompasses a group of small proteins that appear to assume a distinctive secondary structure that leads to intrinsic resistance to protease digestion. Induction of these peptides has been associated with response to injury in the gastrointestinal tract and related organs. Using an oligonucleotide derived from N-terminal amino acid sequencing of a transformed growth-inhibiting protein, a cDNA was cloned from rat intestinal villus epithelial cells that encodes a protein 81 amino acids in length with the characteristic trefoil peptide cysteine residue motif. Northern blot analysis demonstrates specific expression of a single transcript of 0.43 kilobase in small and large intestinal epithelium in rat and man. Indirect immunofluorescent staining with antiserum raised using a synthetic peptide based on the predicted C-terminal sequence of this protein, designated intestinal trefoil factor, demonstrated that it is primarily expressed and secreted onto the intestinal surface by goblet cells, suggesting that it may be an important component of intrinsic mechanisms for defending mucosal integrity.
The photon accelerator: A novel method of frequency upshifting sub-picosecond laser pulses (1989)

A novel method of frequency upshifting subpicosecond pulses of laser light, which makes use of relativistic plasma waves, is described in this paper. This method makes use of the fact that the response of a plasma to either a short laser pulse or a short relativistic electron beam is nearly identical. Thus, the wakefields, or electric fields, that are left behind in the plasma as either of these drivers pass are also very similar. Since electron acceleration in plasma waves can effectively be thought of as the simple superposition of wakes, this analogy brings about the interesting question of whether the superposition of short laser pulse wakes would produce ‘‘acceleration’’ (or equivalently, frequency upshifting) of a trailing laser pulse. We estimate the rate of frequency upshift possible, and discuss some important physical limitations. Similarities and differences with another laser‐plasma interaction, forward Raman scattering, are also discussed below.
The liquid crystal blue phase induced by bent-shaped molecules with different terminal chain lengths (2011)

Several kinds of bent-shaped molecules with different lengths of the terminal chain are doped in chiral nematic liquid crystals (LCs), respectively, to induce the blue phase. The effects of the terminal chain length on the blue phase range are studied. The mechanisms of the phenomena are investigated through molecular dynamics, and the results indicate that molecules with a long terminal chain decrease the interfacial energy between the LCs and defects, whereas they also disturb the alignment of LCs near the interface and make an evident impact on the bent angle of molecules, which is not helpful in forming a stable blue phase. This work provides some useful insights into the molecular design of suitable bent-shaped dopants in order to obtain a wide range of LC blue phases.
Novel of four-wave-mixing configuration: the optical parametric loop mirror (1995)

One major issue associated with all-optical signal processing utilizing four-wave mixing (FWM) in optical fibers1 and semiconductor waveguides2 is how to eliminate intense pump and signal waves from the generated FWM wave. We propose a novel configuration, called an optical parametric loop mirror (PALM), in which the FWM wave inherently separates from the intense pump and signal waves and even from their ASE noise, without optical filtering.
Contactless hand tremor detector based on an inductive sensor (2016)

Using inductive sensing, a contactless tremor detector is presented for evaluating exercise induced hand tremors either after exercise or due to Parkinson's disease. The device consists of spiral coil, microcontroller and inductive sensor circuitry. Calculation shows that resonant frequencies of the circuitry increase when the distances between the hand and the spiral coil decrease. A mechanical hand to imitate hand tremors at a fixed frequency was built for experiments. The magnitudes and frequencies of the tremors in the mechanical hand were quantitatively identified using the inductive sensor. Feasibility and accuracy of the contactless hand-tremor detector were validated. A triaxial accelerometer device was used for comparison. The inductive sensor performed better than the accelerometer comparing spectral distributions and magnitudes of the tremors. The contactless hand-tremor detector can be applied as a clinical instrument for diagnostics.
Simultaneous presence of different Borrelia burgdorferi genospecies in biological fluids of Lyme disease patients (1995)

Oligonucleotide primers based on Borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato ospA gene sequences have been designed for use in the PCR to type all (SL primers) or each (GI to GIII primers) of the B. burgdorferi sensu lato genospecies involved in Lyme disease. These genospecies-specific primers were then used in the PCR on 24 biological fluids collected from 18 neuroborreliosis patients. Among the samples tested, 20 contained DNA from Borrelia garinii, 11 contained DNA from B. burgdorferi sensu stricto, and 10 contained DNA from Borrelia afzelii. In toto, 10 patients appeared to have been infected by a single genospecies and 8 were infected by more than one Lyme disease-associated genospecies. Serum specimens from six patients were absorbed with heterologous antigens and tested by Western blotting (immunoblotting). In four cases, residual immunodetection revealed specific epitopes of genospecies also detected by PCR; in two of them, the concordant results indicated pluri-infection of the patients. In the other two cases, Western blotting showed specific antibodies for two genospecies of Borrelia, while PCR detected DNA from only one. In summary, the data underscored the relatively high prevalence of pluri-infections in Lyme disease and confirmed the association of B. garinii with neuroborreliosis.
Modulation and Spreading Techniques for Burst Transmissions (2007)

Novel modulation and spreading techniques are described in this paper. These techniques provide high overall energy efficiency of burst transmissions widely used in communication systems with frequency hopping, time division multiple access (TDMA), transmission of short messages, etc. The techniques can also be useful for other types of data transmission. High overall energy efficiency has been achieved as a combined result of several factors: fast synchronization, high noise immunity of a modulation/demodulation, efficient utilization of transmitter power, high tolerance to drifts of the transmitter and/or receiver frequency references and Doppler, and simplicity of signal processing. The modulation technique has been obtained by developing differential binary phase shift keying (DBPSK) and named alternating quadratures DBPSK (AQ-DBPSK). The spreading technique has been obtained by developing binary phase shift keying (BPSK) and named alternating quadratures BPSK (AQ-BPSK). AQ-DBPSK modulation retains all advantages of DBPSK modulation. Simultaneously, it better utilizes transmitter power and has much higher tolerance to frequency offset between the received and reference signals. AQ-BPSK spreading retains all advantages of BPSK spreading and provides better utilization of transmitter power as well as some other advantages. Initial analysis of these techniques is performed, and recommendations for their implementation are suggested.
<title>Fullerene-doped dispersed liquid crystals as new effective structures to switch and modulate laser beam</title> (2006)

Fullerene-doped dispersed nematic liquid crystal structures have been considered as new nanostructured materials with a high speed. The switch-on time of 50-100 μs has been obtained. The results are discussed from the viewpoint of an additional polarizability of the fullerene-doped systems and the possible quasi-transition from the nematic phase to the smectic one, which are caused by a complex formation between an organic molecule donor and a fullerene as electron acceptor. Self-organization in liquid crystal mesophase based on the new charge-transfer complexes has been revealed.
Hydroformylation of 1-hexene with a Cobalt Catalyst in Ionic Liquids: a New Efficient Approach for Generation and Recycling of the Catalyst (2007)

Hydroformylation of olefins has been performed with a system based on cobalt and pyridine ligands in non-aqueous ionic liquids. In this work, a new approach was developed to recycle the cobalt catalyst without the use of chemicals. For 1-hexene, activity of the [ Co2(CO)8] /Pyridine(2 eq)/[BMIM][ NTf2] at 100 bar and 130°C can reach 110 h-1 with a selectivity for aldehydes of up to 87% (linear to branched ratio being around 1.8). The recycling of the ionic liquid phase was performed several times without loss of activity or selectivity.
Bacillus odysseyi sp. nov., a round-spore-forming bacillus isolated from the Mars Odyssey spacecraft (2004)

A round-spore-forming Bacillus species that produces an exosporium was isolated from the surface of the Mars Odyssey spacecraft. This novel species has been characterized on the basis of phenotypic traits, 16S rDNA sequence analysis and DNA-DNA hybridization. According to the results of these analyses, this strain belongs to the genus Bacillus and is a Gram-positive, aerobic, rod-shaped, endospore-forming eubacterium. Ultrathin sections of the spores showed the presence of an exosporium, spore coat, cortex and core. 16S rDNA sequence similarities between this strain, Bacillus fusiformis and Bacillus silvestris were approximately 96% and DNA-DNA reassociation values with these two bacilli were 23 and 17%, respectively. Spores of the novel species were resistant to desiccation, H2O2 and UV and gamma radiation. Of all strains tested, the spores of this strain were the most consistently resistant and survived all of the challenges posed, i.e. exposure to conditions of desiccation (100% survival), H2O2 (26% survival), UV radiation (10% survival at 660 J m(-2)) and gamma radiation (0.4% survival). The name proposed for this novel bacterium is Bacillus odysseyi sp. nov.; the type strain is 34hs-1T (=ATCC PTA-4993T=NRRL B-30641T=NBRC 100172T).
Accurate Permittivity Measurements for Microwave Imaging via Ultra-Wideband Removal of Spurious Reflectors (2010)

The use of microwave imaging is becoming more prevalent for detection of interior hidden defects in manufactured and packaged materials. In applications for detection of hidden moisture, microwave tomography can be used to image the material and then perform an inverse calculation to derive an estimate of the variability of the hidden material, such internal moisture, thereby alerting personnel to damaging levels of the hidden moisture before material degradation occurs. One impediment to this type of imaging occurs with nearby objects create strong reflections that create destructive and constructive interference, at the receiver, as the material is conveyed past the imaging antenna array. In an effort to remove the influence of the reflectors, such as metal bale ties, research was conducted to develop an algorithm for removal of the influence of the local proximity reflectors from the microwave images. This research effort produced a technique, based upon the use of ultra-wideband signals, for the removal of spurious reflections created by local proximity reflectors. This improvement enables accurate microwave measurements of moisture in such products as cotton bales, as well as other physical properties such as density or material composition. The proposed algorithm was shown to reduce errors by a 4:1 ratio and is an enabling technology for imaging applications in the presence of metal bale ties.
Mechanism of ionic-liquid-based acidic aqueous biphasic system formation (2018)

Ionic-liquid-based acidic aqueous biphasic systems (IL-based AcABS) represent a promising alternative to the solvent extraction process for the recovery of critical metals, in which the substitution of the inorganic salt by an acid allows for a 'one-pot' approach to the leaching and separation of metals. However, a more fundamental understanding of AcABS formation remains wanting. In this work, the formation mechanisms of AcABS are elucidated through a comparison with traditional aqueous biphasic systems (ABS). A large screening of AcABS formation with a wide range of IL identifies the charge shielding of the cation as the primary structural driver for the applicability of an IL in AcABS. Through a systematic study of tributyltetradecylphosphonium chloride ([P44414]Cl) with various chloride salts and acids, we observed the first significant deviation to the cationic Hofmeister series reported for IL-based ABS. Furthermore, the weaker than expected salting-out ability of H3O+ compared to Na+ is attributed to the greater interaction of H3O+ with the [P44414]+ micelle surface. Finally, the remarkable thermomorphic properties of [P44414]Cl based systems are investigated with a significant increase in the biphasic region induced by the increase in the temperature from 298 K to 323 K. These finding allows for the extension of ABS to new acidic systems and highlights their versatility and tunability.
Antibodies to a synthetic oligopeptide that react with herpes simplex virus type 1 and 2 glycoprotein C (1984)

Nucleotide sequence and mRNA localization studies have allowed the prediction of the amino acid sequence of herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) glycoprotein C (gC). We immunized a rabbit with a conjugate of bovine serum albumin and a synthetic peptide having the same sequence as that deduced for amino acids 128 through 139 of HSV-1 gC. A very similar amino acid sequence has been predicted to exist in the related product, herpes simplex virus type 2 (HSV-2) gC, which was formerly designated gF. Preparations of crude antiserum and immunoaffinity-purified antibodies were obtained and shown to react in enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays with purified HSV-1 gC and HSV-2 gC. Although these antibodies did not detectably immunoprecipitate proteins from radiolabeled infected cell extracts, they reacted with HSV-1 gC and HSV-2 gC that were electrophoretically transferred to nitrocellulose membranes from polyacrylamide gels. These results confirm that HSV-1 gC and HSV-2 gC are immunologically related and also define a specific portion of HSV-1 gC that is conserved.
Understanding the Quality of Sulfur Deposit Formation in a Claus Reactor (2012)

Quality of sulfur deposits collected from hydrogen sulfide combustion has been examined. Experimental conditions representing selected practical systems have been investigated. Combustion of hydrogen sulfide was allowed to occur under the different conditions with sulfur deposits collected for analysis. Experimental conditions represented effect of equivalence ratio of rich (Claus) conditions and stoichiometric conditions; effect of contaminants, other than H 2S, in the acid gas stream; combustion of H 2S with hydrocarbon fuels (methane and propane). Sulfur deposits from H2S combustion under various conditions were captured and analyzed using X-Ray powder diffraction and laser induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) diagnostics. X-Ray powder diffraction was used to determine the type of deposited sulfur allotrope, while LIBS was used to identify the elemental analysis of deposited sulfur.
Modification of the disparity vector derivation process in 3D-HEVC (2013)

The up-and-coming extension of HEVC for 3D video (3D-HEVC) includes various tools to exploit different redundancies in a 3D video signal. Inter-view redundancies are in particular exploited using Inter-View Motion Prediction (IVMP) and Inter-View Residual Prediction (IVRP). Both of these tools compensate disparity-wise the current prediction unit (PU) in order to find its corresponding PU in a base view, from which some prediction information for the current PU is retrieved. The disparity vector (DV) used for disparity compensation is currently derived using a neighboring search process (NBDV) for a DV across spatial and temporal neighbors. The first DV found is selected as the final DV used in IVMP and IVRP, with no guarantee of optimality. In this paper, the NBDV derivation process is changed: all found DVs from different neighbors are stored in a list. Redundant vectors in this list are removed, and a median computation on the remaining vectors is performed. The resulting DV is set as the DV used for IVMP. Average bitrate reductions of 0.6% and 0.8% for the two dependent views and 0.2% on synthesized views are reported with only a slight increase in encoder and decoder runtimes.
A New Challenge for High Performance Two-Cycle Engine Oils (1988)

<div class="htmlview paragraph">This paper describes a study of the effects of oil composition on visible smoke, engine cleanliness, and piston anti-seizure performance. Two laboratory tests, termed the DSC (Differential Scanning Calorimeter) method, and the HTT (Hot Tube Test) are investigated as screening tests for two-cycle engine oils.</div> <div class="htmlview paragraph">Two types of oil were developed to comply with stringent Japanese oil requirements. Firstly, smokeless type oils formulated, with high concentrations of polybutenes were introduced to greatly reduce visible smoke from two-cycle engines of high specific output. Secondly, low-friction oils containing ester type synthetic base stocks were developed to achieve higher engine output in racing applications.</div>