gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Lewis Rat Model of Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis (2017)

In this unit, we describe in detail the most common methods used to break immunological tolerance for central myelin antigens and induce experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) in Lewis rats as an animal model of multiple sclerosis. The resulting disease course ranges from an acute monophasic disease to a chronic relapsing or chronic progressive course, which strongly resembles the human disease. These models enable the study of cellular and humoral autoimmunity against major antigenic epitopes of the myelin basic protein, myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein, or proteolipid protein. We provide an overview of common immunization protocols for induction of active and passive EAE, assessment and analysis of clinical score, preparation and purification of myelin basic protein, and derivation of neuroantigen-specific rat T cell lines. Finally, we describe the major clinical characteristics of these models. © 2017 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
A Novel Epimerization System in Fungal Secondary Metabolism Involved in the Conversion of Isopenicillin N into Penicillin N inAcremonium chrysogenum (2002)

The epimerization step that converts isopenicillin N into penicillin N during cephalosporin biosynthesis has remained uncharacterized despite its industrial relevance. A transcriptional analysis of a 9-kb region located downstream of the pcbC gene revealed the presence of two transcripts that correspond to the genes named cefD1 and cefD2 encoding proteins with high similarity to long chain acyl-CoA synthetases and acyl-CoA racemases from Mus musculus, Homo sapiens, and Rattus norvegicus. Both genes are expressed in opposite orientations from a bidirectional promoter region. Targeted inactivation of cefD1 and cefD2 was achieved by the two-marker gene replacement procedure. Disrupted strains lacked isopenicillin N epimerase activity, were blocked in cephalosporin C production, and accumulated isopenicillin N. Complementation in trans of the disrupted nonproducer mutant with both genes restored epimerase activity and cephalosporin biosynthesis. However, when cefD1 or cefD2 were introduced separately into the double-disrupted mutant, no epimerase activity was detected, indicating that the concerted action of both proteins encoded by cefD1 and cefD2 is required for epimerization of isopenicillin N into penicillin N. This epimerization system occurs in eukaryotic cells and is entirely different from the known epimerization systems involved in the biosynthesis of bacterial beta-lactam antibiotics.
THE ANTI-INFLAMMATORY PROPERTY OF METHANOL EXTRACT OF Gymnosporia parviflora LEAVES (2019)

The point of this investigation is to build up the mitigating action of the methanolic extract of Gymnosporia parviflora leaves with its portions and to portray the conceivable Mechanism of activity of methanolic concentrate of Gymnosporia parviflora. The mitigating exercises of methanolic concentrate of Gymnosporia parviflora was assessed in a carrageenan instigated model of intense aggravation, and the paw edema volume was estimated. Methanolic concentrate of Gymnosporia parviflora (300 mg/kg, body wt, p.o) fundamentally decreased carrageenan prompted paw edema in rodents. The methanolic extract of Gymnosporia parviflora has a huge calming action.
Elevated Tribbles homolog 2–specific antibody levels in narcolepsy patients (2010)

Narcolepsy is a sleep disorder characterized by excessive daytime sleepiness and attacks of muscle atonia triggered by strong emotions (cataplexy). Narcolepsy is caused by hypocretin (orexin) deficiency, paralleled by a dramatic loss in hypothalamic hypocretin-producing neurons. It is believed that narcolepsy is an autoimmune disorder, although definitive proof of this, such as the presence of autoantibodies, is still lacking. We engineered a transgenic mouse model to identify peptides enriched within hypocretin-producing neurons that could serve as potential autoimmune targets. Initial analysis indicated that the transcript encoding Tribbles homolog 2 (Trib2), previously identified as an autoantigen in autoimmune uveitis, was enriched in hypocretin neurons in these mice. ELISA analysis showed that sera from narcolepsy patients with cataplexy had higher Trib2-specific antibody titers compared with either normal controls or patients with idiopathic hypersomnia, multiple sclerosis, or other inflammatory neurological disorders. Trib2-specific antibody titers were highest early after narcolepsy onset, sharply decreased within 2-3 years, and then stabilized at levels substantially higher than that of controls for up to 30 years. High Trib2-specific antibody titers correlated with the severity of cataplexy. Serum of a patient showed specific immunoreactivity with over 86% of hypocretin neurons in the mouse hypothalamus. Thus, we have identified reactive autoantibodies in human narcolepsy, providing evidence that narcolepsy is an autoimmune disorder.
Assessing key safety concerns of a Wolbachia-based strategy to control dengue transmission by Aedes mosquitoes (2010)

Mosquito-borne diseases such as dengue fever, chikungunya or malaria affect millions of people each year and control solutions are urgently needed. An international research program is currently being developed that relies on the introduction of the bacterial endosymbiont Wolbachia pipientis into Aedes aegypti to control dengue transmission. In order to prepare for open-field testing releases of Wolbachia-infected mosquitoes, an intensive social research and community engagement program was undertaken in Cairns, Northern Australia. The most common concern expressed by the diverse range of community members and stakeholders surveyed was the necessity of assuring the safety of the proposed approach for humans, animals and the environment. To address these concerns a series of safety experiments were undertaken. We report in this paper on the experimental data obtained, discuss the limitations of experimental risk assessment and focus on the necessity of including community concerns in scientific research.
Evaluating reconfigurable dataflow computing using the Himeno benchmark (2012)

Heterogeneous computing using FPGA accelerators is a promising approach to boost the performance of application programs within given power consumption. This paper focuses on optimizations targeting FPGA-based reconfigurable dataflow computing platform, and shows how they benefit an application. In order to evaluate them, we use the Himeno benchmark, which is a floating point computation kernel known to be bound by memory bandwidth. To understand the performance characteristics of the benchmark, we compare it with the current state-of-the-art implementation on GPUs. From the results, we find that our implementation with specialized dataflow pipelines outperforms the current state-of-the-art GPU implementations by making full use of memory locality.
Transferable resistance to colistin: a new but old threat: Table 1. (2016)

In this Leading article, we summarize current knowledge of the occurrence of the first and so far only transferable colistin resistance gene, mcr-1 Its location on a conjugative plasmid is likely to have driven its spread into a range of enteric bacteria in humans and animals. Screening studies have identified mcr-1 in five of the seven continents and retrospective studies in China have identified this gene in Escherichia coli originally isolated in the 1980s, while the first European isolate dates back to 2005. Based on the widespread use of colistin in pigs and poultry in several countries and the higher number of mcr-1-carrying isolates of animal origin than of human origin, it is tempting to assume that this resistance may have emerged in the animal sector. Whatever its origin, interventions to reduce its further spread will require an integrated global one-health approach, comprising robust antibiotic stewardship to reduce unnecessary colistin use, improved infection prevention, and control and surveillance of colistin usage and resistance in both veterinary and human medicine.
Precise assembly and joining of silver nanowires in three dimensions for highly conductive composite structures (2019)

Abstract Three-dimensional (3D) electrically conductive micro/nanostructures are now a key component in a broad range of research and industry fields. In this work, a novel method is developed to realize metallic 3D micro/nanostructures with silver-thiol-acrylate composites via two-photon polymerization followed by femtosecond laser nanojoining. Complex 3D micro/nanoscale conductive structures have been successfully fabricated with ∼200 nm resolution. The loading of silver nanowires (AgNWs) and joining of junctions successfully enhance the electrical conductivity of the composites from insulating to 92.9 S m −1 at room temperature. Moreover, for the first time, a reversible switching to a higher conductivity is observed, up to ∼10 5 S m −1 at 523 K. The temperature-dependent conductivity of the composite is analyzed following the variable range hopping and thermal activation models. The nanomaterial assembly and joining method demonstrated in this study pave a way towards a wide range of device applications, including 3D electronics, sensors, memristors, micro/nanoelectromechanical systems, and biomedical devices, etc.
Polymers from Bioderived Resources: Synthesis of Poly(silylether)s from Furan Derivatives Catalyzed by a Salen–Mn(V) Complex (2018)

Synthesis of degradable polymers from renewable resources has been a promising way to replace nonrenewable fossil fuel derived polymers motivated by environmental sustainability. Poly(silylether)s (PSEs) are a specific type of environmentally degradable polymer with many potential applications. A series of PSEs have been synthesized (Mn up to 25 000 g/mol) from biorenewable feedstocks, such as 5-hydroxymethylfurfural and its derivatives 2,5-bis(hydroxymethyl)furan, 2,5-diformylfuran, and 5,5′-[oxybis(methylene)]di(2-furaldehyde). The polymerization reactions employ a versatile, air-stable manganese salen complex, which catalyzes both the dehydrogenative cross-coupling of hydroxyls with hydrosilanes and the hydrosilylation of carbonyls. The chemical and thermal characterization of PSEs was carried out by 1H NMR, 13C NMR, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, gel permeation chromatography, differential scanning calorimetry, and thermogravimetric analysis.
[Detection of anti-H-2-antibody-induced cytolysis by ATP measurement (author's transl)]. (1979)

Measurement of intracellular ATP content by the luciferin-luciferase photometric reaction appears to be an extremely sensitive method for detecting complement dependent cytotoxicity (DCD) mediated by antibodies directed against H-2 antigens. Within the 15 min following the addition of complement, a considerable loss of ATP is observed in the antibody-coated target cells. The reaction is detectable using normal spleen lymphocytes as target cells, completely specific and much more sensitive than the classical dye exclusion test. Preliminary findings from our current study indicate that this simple and very rapid CDC method should be considered for the purpose of HLA ABC and D typing in humans.
MAgnetic Resonance Angiography Computer ASisted analysis : an interactive software for visualization and analysis of blood vessels 3D MRA automatic quantification of the arterial stenosis (2000)

International audience
Inhibitory Effect of Marine Alga Sargassum horneri Extract on Bone Resorption in Tissue Culture in Vitro. (2002)

The effect of marine alga Sargassum horneri extracts on bone resorption in vitro was investigated. Femoral-diaphyseal and -metaphyseal tissues obtained from normal rats were cultured for 48 hr in Dulbecco's modified Eagle's medium (high glucose, 4.5%) supplemented with antibiotics and bovine serum albumin. The experimental cultures contained water-solubilized extracts (10, 25, and 50 μg/ml of medium) of S. horneri. The bone-resorbing factors parathyroid hormone (1-34) (PTH; 10-7 M) and prostaglandin E2 (PGE2; 10-5 M) caused a significant decrease in the diaphyseal and metaphyseal calcium content. The decrease in bone calcium content induced by PTH or PGE2 was completely inhibited by water-solubilized extracts (10, 25, and 50 μg/ml) of S. horneri. In addition, these extracts (25 and 50 μg/ml) completely prevented the PTH (10-7 M)- or PGE2 (10-5 M)-induced increase in medium glucose consumption and lactic acid production by bone tissues. Moreover, S. horneri extracts (10-50 μg/ml) blocked PTH (10-7 M)- increased acid phosphatase activity in the diaphyseal and metaphyseal tissues. These findings indicate that water-solubilized extracts of S. horneri have a direct inhibitory effect on bone resorption in tissue culture in vitro.
Inexpensive Multimodal Sensor Fusion System for Autonomous Data Acquisition of Road Surface Conditions (2016)

This paper presents the development, evaluation, calibration, and field application of a novel, relatively inexpensive, vision-based sensor system employing commercially available off-the-shelf devices, for enabling the autonomous data acquisition of road surface conditions. Detailed evaluations and enhancements of a variety of technical approaches and algorithms for overcoming vision-based measurement distortions induced by the motion of the monitoring platform were conducted. It is shown that the proposed multi-sensor system, by capitalizing on powerful data-fusion approaches of the type developed in this paper, can provide a robust cost-effective road surface monitoring system with sufficient accuracy to satisfy typical maintenance needs, in regard to the detection, localization, and quantification of potholes and similar qualitative deterioration features where the measurements are acquired via a vehicle moving at normal speeds on typical city streets. The proposed system is ideal to be used for crowdsourcing where several vehicles would be equipped with this cost-effective system for more frequent data collection of road surfaces. Suggestions for future research needs to enhance the capabilities of the proposed system are included.
A model study for coatings containing hexamethoxymethylmelamine (1986)

Abstract Using a model reaction we have studied the crosslinking chemistry of hydroxy‐functional polymers and hexamethoxymethylmelamine. The transetherification of optically active monofunctional alcohols and hexamethoxymethylmelamine was monitored with polarimetry and 1 H‐NMR. The reaction rate constants for both the forward ( k 1 ) and the backward ( k −1 ) reaction of the sulphonic‐acid‐catalyzed alcoholysis were determined. Primary and secondary alcohols showed the same reaction rate and activation energy ( E a = 96 kJ/mol) for the forward reaction. However, the backward reaction in the equilibrium is considerably slower for primary alcohols than for secondary alcohols, with activation energies of E a = 96 and 79 kJ/mol, respectively. When amine salts of sulphonic acids are used as catalysts, the E a is increased from 97 to 116 kJ/mol in the case of primary alcohols. In concentrated aprotic solutions the reaction order in acid is 2.5. The same order in acid is found for the alcoholysis of acetaldehyde diethyl acetal. All the results strongly support the statement that the crosslinking reaction proceeds by an Sn‐1 mechanism. The results of this model study are compared with results obtained in network‐forming reactions. The important role of the evaporation of the condensation product methanol is discussed.
Pilot level of a hierarchical controller for an unmanned mobile robot (1988)

The controller for an intelligent mobile autonomous system (IMAS), equipped with vision and low-level sensors to cope with unknown obstacles, is modeled as a hierarchy of decision-making for planning and control. One of the levels (pilot) deals with a distorted 'windshield' view of the world and provides the actuator controller with real-time decisions. This level of IMAS controller is treated as a linguistic controller with fuzzy variables that assume values from possible intervals. The decision-making process at this level of control are presented as a production system with a fuzzy database. The rules in the production system are derived from an analytical system model for minimum-time control. The choice of optimal motion execution commands is performed using fuzzy set operators. Also included is a temporal decision-making mechanism (reporter), which recognizes the persisting conflicts between successive levels of the hierarchy by observing the motion trajectory.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Quantitative analysis of Nipah virus proteins released as virus-like particles reveals central role for the matrix protein (2007)

Taken together, the results indicate that NiV M, F, and G each possess some ability to bud from expressing cells, and that co-expression of these viral proteins results in a more organized budding process with M playing a central role. These findings will aid our understanding of paramyxovirus particle assembly in general and could help facilitate the development of a novel vaccine approach for henipaviruses.
Multiple data document summarization (2017)

Document Summarization is the way towards reducing a text report with a program withholding the essential points in the document. Thousands of electronic records are created and made accessible on the web every day. In this paper, we present a method for generating extraction based summaries using a stack based formulation. The stack based method uses a sentence importance score calculator based on various semantic features and a semantic similarity score to select sentences that are the most representative of the document. It uses stack-decoder algorithm as a template and builds on it to produce summaries that are closer to optimal. These approaches are used to generate a 100-word summary for the dataset available as part of DUC 2004. The paper discusses the system developed, algorithms used and their analysis along with improvements. N-gram analysis scores obtained are comparable to other participants in the competition.
Assessing mobility in multiple sclerosis using the Rivermead Mobility Index and gait speed (1996)

Measurement tools assessing disability in MS patients are essential to evaluate the effect of the growing number of drug treatments and to measure rehabilitation outcome. However, the most widely used EDSS (Expanded Disability Status Scale) has been shown to be insensitive to minor changes. The assessment of disability with simple measures such as the Rivermead Mobility Index (RMI) and gait speed timed over 10 m has been suggested. Two hundred MS patients attending a rehabilitation centre were assessed at the beginning and at the end of a four-week period (median 28.2 days; interquartile range (IQR) 1.8 days) using these two measures as well as the EDSS and the Ambulation Index (AI). The RMI was the most sensitive scale and measured changes in 39% of the patients, whereas AI changed in 18.5% and EDSS in only 7.5% of the patients. The RMI assessed more precisely ambulatory patients needing walking aids, for which EDSS proposes only two options (EDSS 6.0/6.5). To measure the variability of the 10 m walking time, 25 of the 115 ambulant patients were asked to cover the distance at five different times on the same day chosen at random. Variability within one patient on test-retest was calculated by dividing the standard deviation of the five measures by the mean value of the measures. In spite of its great variability of 20 ± 8%, gait speed timed over 10 m was as sensitive as the AI and measured changes in 16.5% of these ambulatory patients (AI in 15.6%). The RMI and gait speed timed over 10 m should be used more widely to assess disability and to measure the physiotherapeutic effort devoted to improving mobility of MS patients.
Revolutionary innovation in system interconnection: a new era for the IC (2011)

This paper describes novel microscale electrical, optical, and fluidic interconnect networks to address off-chip interconnect challenges in high-performance computing systems as well as to enable 3D heterogeneous integration of CMOS and MEMS/sensors.
Path Cost Metrics for Multi-Hop Network Routing (2006)

Future network architectures for mesh networks, sensor networks, and hybrid networks include multiple wireless hops with fixed or mobile routers relaying messages between mobile nodes and access points. The vast literature on routing for ad hoc networks is applicable for route discovery between a mobile node and an access point for these multi-hop networks. However, most ad hoc routing protocols rely upon "least-cost" or "shortest-path" routing, wherein a single metric of hop-count or energy-usage is used to define the path cost. For multi-hop networks, a number of additional metrics should be simultaneously considered for determining path cost. In this paper, we introduce our first step towards combining a number of cost criteria to define path cost during route discovery. Our simulation results indicate that giving simultaneous consideration to hop-count, path-congestion, and energy-usage results in a system performance with greater packet delivery ratio, lower end-to-end delay, lower overhead, and lower per-node energy usage
Self-similarity Driven Demosaicking (2011)

Digital cameras record only one color component per pixel, red, green or blue. Demosaicking is the process by which one can infer a whole color matrix from such a matrix of values, thus interpolating the two missing color values per pixel. In this article we propose a demosaicking method based on the property of non-local self-similarity of images.
A phase 3 study of deferasirox (ICL670), a once-daily oral iron chelator, in patients with beta-thalassemia (2005)

Deferasirox (ICL670) is a once-daily oral iron chelator developed for the treatment of chronic iron overload from blood transfusions. A comparative phase 3 trial was conducted to demonstrate the efficacy of deferasirox in regularly transfused patients with beta-thalassemia aged 2 years or older. Patients were randomized and received treatment with deferasirox (n = 296) or deferoxamine (n = 290), with dosing of each according to baseline liver iron concentration (LIC). The primary endpoint was maintenance or reduction of LIC; secondary endpoints included safety and tolerability, change in serum ferritin level, and net body iron balance. In both arms, patients with LIC values of 7 mg Fe/g dry weight (dw) or higher had significant and similar dose-dependent reductions in LIC and serum ferritin, and effects on net body iron balance. However, the primary endpoint was not met in the overall population, possibly due to the fact that proportionally lower doses of deferasirox relative to deferoxamine were administered to patients with LIC values less than 7 mg Fe/g dw. The most common adverse events included rash, gastrointestinal disturbances, and mild nonprogressive increases in serum creatinine. No agranulocytosis, arthropathy, or growth failure was associated with deferasirox administration. Deferasirox is a promising once-daily oral therapy for the treatment of transfusional iron overload.