gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
The First Year Inventory: A longitudinal follow-up of 12-month-olds to 3 years of age (2020)

The First Year Inventory (FYI) is a parent-report measure designed to identify 12-month old infants at risk for autism spectrum disorder (ASD). The FYI taps behaviors that indicate risk in the developmental domains of sensory-regulatory and social-communication functioning. This longitudinal study is a follow-up of 699 children at 3 years of age from a community sample whose parents completed the FYI when their children were 12 months old. Parents of all 699 children completed the Social Responsiveness Scale – Preschool version (SRS-P) and the Developmental Concerns Questionnaire (DCQ) to determine age 3 developmental outcomes. In addition, children deemed at-risk for ASD based on liberal cut points on the FYI, SRS-P, and/or DCQ were invited for in-person diagnostic evaluations. We found 9 children who had a confirmed diagnosis of ASD from the sample of 699. ROC analyses determined that a two-domain cutoff score yielded optimal classification of children: 31% of those meeting algorithm cut-offs had ASD and 85% had a developmental disability or concern by age three. These results suggest that the FYI is a promising tool for identifying 12-month old infants who are at risk for an eventual diagnosis of ASD.
View indexing in relational databases (1982)

The design and maintenance of a useful database system require efficient optimization of the logical access paths which demonstrate repetitive usage patterns. Views (classes of queries given by a query model) are an appropriate intermediate logical representation for database. Frequently accessed views of databases need to be supported by indexing to enhance retrieval. This paper investigates the problem of selecting an optimal index set of views and describes an efficient algorithm for this selection.
Urinary Desmosine Excretion in Smokers With and Without Rapid Decline of Lung Function: The Normative Aging Study (1996)

It is hypothesized that smoking-related chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) results in part from excess lung elastin degradation. Taking advantage of spirometry performed over a 12-yr period at the Normative Aging Study, we conducted a nested case-control study of elastin and collagen degradation rates in current smokers with (n = 10) and without (n = 8) rapid decline of lung function, using a biochemical assay for urinary desmosine (DES), a specific marker for mature elastin degradation, and hydroxylysylpyridinoline (HP), a specific marker for mature fibrillar collagen degradation. Mean urinary excretion of DES in rapid decliners was 36% greater than in slow decliners (9.8 +/- 0.7 [mean +/- SE] versus 7.2 +/- 0.4 microg/g creatinine, p < 0.01); after adjustment for age and lean body mass (LBM), DES excretion in rapid decliners was 30% greater than in slow decliners (9.6 +/- 0.6 versus 7.4 +/- 0.7 microg/g creatinine, p = 0.06). Among rapid decliners, there was no difference in DES excretion between those with and those without computed tomogaphic evidence of emphysema. There was no significant difference between rapid and slow decliners in mean urinary excretion of HP (24.7 +/- 1.4 versus 21.6 +/- 1.8 nmol/mmol creatinine, p = 0.18). Among all subjects, rate of decline of FEV1 was significantly correlated with DES excretion (r = 0.61, p < 0.01). In a linear regression model adjusting for age and LBM, an increase in DES excretion of 1 microg/g creatinine was associated with an excess decline of FEV1 of 10.6 ml/yr (p = 0.04). This study provides further evidence in support of the elastase-antielastase hypothesis of the pathogenesis of COPD, and it suggests a role for elastin degradation in both emphysema and small airways disease. Moreover, it suggests that urinary DES excretion may be a useful biochemical marker for the study of interventions designed to prevent the development or progression of COPD.
Zinc protoporphyrin IX enhances chemotherapeutic response of hepatoma cells to cisplatin (2014)

ZnPP IX increases cellular sensitivity and susceptibility of liver cancer cell lines to CDDP and this may represent a mechanism of increasing ROS.
Expecting to be HIP: Hawkes Intensity Processes for Social Media Popularity (2016)

Modeling and predicting the popularity of online content is a significant problem for the practice of information dissemination, advertising, and consumption. Recent work analyzing massive datasets advances our understanding of popularity, but one major gap remains: To precisely quantify the relationship between the popularity of an online item and the external promotions it receives. This work supplies the missing link between exogenous inputs from public social media platforms, such as Twitter, and endogenous responses within the content platform, such as YouTube. We develop a novel mathematical model, the Hawkes intensity process, which can explain the complex popularity history of each video according to its type of content, network of diffusion, and sensitivity to promotion. Our model supplies a prototypical description of videos, called an endo-exo map. This map explains popularity as the result of an extrinsic factor - the amount of promotions from the outside world that the video receives, acting upon two intrinsic factors - sensitivity to promotion, and inherent virality. We use this model to forecast future popularity given promotions on a large 5-months feed of the most-tweeted videos, and found it to lower the average error by 28.6% from approaches based on popularity history. Finally, we can identify videos that have a high potential to become viral, as well as those for which promotions will have hardly any effect.
SS‐31 and NMN: Two paths to improve metabolism and function in aged hearts (2020)

The effects of two different mitochondrial-targeted drugs, SS-31 and NMN, were tested on Old mouse hearts. After treatment with the drugs, individually or Combined, heart function was examined by echocardiography. SS-31 partially reversed an age-related decline in diastolic function while NMN fully reversed an age-related deficiency in systolic function at a higher workload. Metabolomic analysis revealed that both NMN and the Combined treatment increased nicotinamide and 1-methylnicotinamide levels, indicating greater NAD<sup>+</sup> turnover, but only the Combined treatment resulted in significantly greater steady-state NAD(H) levels. A novel magnetic resonance spectroscopy approach was used to assess how metabolite levels responded to changing cardiac workload. PCr/ATP decreased in response to increased workload in Old Control, but not Young, hearts, indicating an age-related decline in energetic capacity. Both drugs were able to normalize the PCr/ATP dynamics. SS-31 and NMN treatment also increased mitochondrial NAD(P)H production under the higher workload, while only NMN increased NAD<sup>+</sup> in response to increased work. These measures did not shift in hearts given the Combined treatment, which may be owed to the enhanced NAD(H) levels in the resting state after this treatment. Overall, these results indicate that both drugs are effective at restoring different aspects of mitochondrial and heart health and that combining them results in a synergistic effect that rejuvenates Old hearts and best recapitulates the Young state.
Maximizable routing metrics (2002)

We develop a theory for deciding, for any routing metric and any network, whether the messages in this network can be routed along paths whose metric values are maximum. In order for the messages in a network to be routed along paths whose metric values are maximum, the network needs to have a rooted spanning tree that is maximal with respect to the routing metric. We identify two important properties of routing metrics: boundedness and monotonicity, and show that these two properties are both necessary and sufficient to ensure that any network has a maximal tree with respect to any (bounded and monotonic) metric. We also discuss how to combine two (or more) routing metrics into a single composite metric such that if the original metrics are bounded and monotonic, then the composite metric is bounded and monotonic. Finally we show that the composite routing metrics used in IGRP (inter-gateway routing protocol) and EIGRP (enhanced IGRP) are bounded but not monotonic.
Electroluminescence from Barrier-Type Anodic Oxide Alumina Films Doped with Rare-Earth and Transition Metals by Ion-Implantation (2000)

Electroluminescence (EL) during reanodization of a barrier-type anodic oxide alumina film (barrier alumina film) doped with rare-earth and transition metals was observed. To dope the rare-earth and transition metals into the barrier alumina films, an ion-implantation technique was employed. The sharp emissions from the barrier alumina films doped with rare-earth metals were assigned to the 4f–4f transitions of the trivalent elements, with the exception of Ce which was assigned to the 5d–4f transitions. With the doping of multiple elements, the emission spectrum was a mixture of the spectra of all elements, that is, the emission color of each element was mixed to exhibit a certain color.
Sonication–Microfluidics for Fabrication of Nanoparticle-Stabilized Microbubbles (2014)

An approach based upon sonication-microfluidics is presented to fabricate nanoparticle-coated microbubbles. The gas-in-liquid slug flow formed in a microchannel is subjected to ultrasound, leading to cavitation at the gas-liquid interface. Therefore, microbubbles are formed and then stabilized by the nanoparticles contained in the liquid. Compared to the conventional sonication method, this sonication-microfluidics continuous flow approach has unlimited gas nuclei for cavitation that yields continuous production of foam with shorter residence time. By controlling the flow rate ratios of the gas to the liquid, this method also achieves a higher production volume, smaller bubble size, and less waste of the nanoparticles needed to stabilize the microbubbles.
On the Security of an Improved Password Authentication Scheme Based on ECC. (2012)

The design of secure remote user authentication schemes for mobile applications is still an open and quite challenging problem, though many schemes have been published lately. Recently, Islam and Biswas pointed out that Lin and Hwang et al.'s password-based authen- tication scheme is vulnerable to various attacks, and then presented an improved scheme based on elliptic curve cryptography (ECC) to over- come the drawbacks. Based on heuristic security analysis, Islam and Biswas claimed that their scheme is secure and can withstand all related attacks. In this paper, however, we show that Islam and Biswas's scheme cannot achieve the claimed security goals and report its flaws: (1) It is vulnerable to offline password guessing attack, stolen verifier attack and denial of service (DoS) attack; (2) It fails to preserve user anonymity. The cryptanalysis demonstrates that the scheme under study is unfit for practical use.
Microcirculatory effects of pulsed electromagnetic fields (2003)

These results support the hypothesis that local application of a specific PEMF waveform can elicit significant arteriolar vasodilation. Systemic hemodynamics and environmental temperature could not account for the observed microvascular responses.
Improvement of the Production Yield of Spherical Si by Optimization of the Seeding Technique in the Dropping Method (2007)

Spherical Si with a diameter distribution of approximately 1.0 mm, which is applicable to spherical solar cells, was formed by the dropping method. To control the solidification of the molten Si droplet to occur at shallow undercooling, a seeding technique was developed. In this paper, we describe the optimization of the seeding technique with emphases on high production yield and high minority carrier lifetime. An effective seeding supply system was first introduced. It was found that the seeding with Si powder causes impurities, such as Fe, into Si spheres, and the crystallinity becomes poor with increasing yield. SiO, SiO2, Si3N4, and boron nitride powders were shown to have the same seeding effect as Si powder. Among these, SiO2 was the best candidate. The seeding with SiO2 powder did not increase the concentration of Fe and O impurities and did not decrease the crystallinity. The dependences of the yield on the size and the density of SiO2 powder were systemically investigated. The best yield of nearly 70% was realized at a high SiO2 powder density.
AC leakage currents cause complete hemodynamic collapse below the ventricular fibrillation threshold (2003)

In 1993, the American standard for leakage current through the heart under a single-fault condition was increased from 10 /spl mu/A to 50 /spl mu/A rms. Both the original 10 /spl mu/A standard and the new 50 /spl mu/A standard were based on estimates of the ability of 60 Hz AC current to induce ventricular fibrillation (VF). This basis was a logical choice, since VF causes systemic blood pressure collapse, which can quickly cause morbidity and death. However, Swerdlow et al. (1999) showed that systemic pressure collapse can result from 60 Hz AC leakage currents (84/spl plusmn/27 /spl mu/A rms) far below those required to induce VF (278/spl plusmn/226 /spl mu/A rms) in 32 closed-chest humans. In this work, we extend the human results to a dog model and show preliminary evidence for the mechanism of the collapse.
Efficient DCT-domain prefiltering inside a video encoder (2000)

Efficient implementation of pre-filtering has been an important issue in video sequence coding, since it improves coding efficiency dramatically by alleviating camera noise. Based on the approximated generalized Wiener filtering and 2D discrete cosine transform (DCT) factorization, this paper introduces a novel pre-filtering scheme that is performed inside a video encoder. The proposed pre-filtering is performed, by scaling the DCT coefficients of original image blocks for intra block coding and those of motion- compensated error blocks for inter block coding, respectively. Even though the pre-filtering operation is embedded in a video encoder, its additional computational complexity is marginal compared to the encoding process, and the overall architecture of the conventional video encoder is maintained. In spite of its simplicity, the proposed pre- filtering scheme gives good filtering and coding performance for noisy video sequences.
Fast Algorithms and Generalization Bounds (2005)

Recently developed methods for learning sparse classifiers are among the state-of-the-art in supervised learning. These methods learn classifiers that incorporate weighted sums of basis functions with sparsity-promoting priors encouraging the weight estimates to be either significantly large or exactly zero. From a learning-theoretic perspective, these methods control the capacity of the learned classifier by minimizing the number of basis functions used, resulting in better generalization. This paper presents three contributions related to learning sparse classifiers. First, we introduce a true multiclass formulation based on multinomial logistic regression. Second, by combining a bound optimization approach with a component-wise update procedure, we derive fast exact algorithms for learning sparse multiclass classifiers that scale favorably in both the number of training samples and the feature dimensionality, making them applicable even to large data sets in high-dimensional feature spaces. To the best of our knowledge, these are the first algorithms to perform exact multinomial logistic regression with a sparsity-promoting prior. Third, we show how nontrivial generalization bounds can be derived for our classifier in the binary case. Experimental results on standard benchmark data sets attest to the accuracy, sparsity, and efficiency of the proposed methods. Index Terms—Supervised learning, classification, sparsity, Bayesian inference, multinomial logistic regression, bound optimization, expectation maximization (EM), learning theory, generalization bounds. �
Line-art illustration of dynamic and specular surfaces (2008)

Line-art illustrations are effective tools for conveying shapes and shading of complex objects. We present a set of new algorithms to render line-art illustrations of dynamic and specular (reflective and refractive) surfaces. We first introduce a real-time principal direction estimation algorithm to determine the line stroke directions on dynamic opaque objects using neighboring normal ray triplets. To render reflections or refractions in a line-art style, we develop a stroke direction propagation algorithm by using multi-perspective projections to propagate the stroke directions from the nearby opaque objects onto specular surfaces. Finally, we present an image-space stroke mapping method to draw line strokes using the computed or propagated stroke directions. We implement these algorithms using a GPU and demonstrate real-time illustrations of scenes with dynamic and specular 3D models in line-art styles.
Electron-Transfer Kinetics of Covalently Attached Cytochrome <i>c</i>/SAM/Au Electrode Assemblies (2008)

The rotational motion of cytochrome c has been restricted by cross-linking it to mixed self-assembled monolayers (SAMs) with the compositions S−(CH2)mCOOH/S−(CH2)nOH on gold electrodes via the formation of amide bonds between lysine residues on the protein and terminal carboxylate groups of the SAM. The effect of SAM thickness on the electron-transfer rate has been studied, and two main observations are drawn. First, the electron-transfer rate displays the same qualitative dependence on SAM thickness that was previously reported for electrostatically adsorbed and pyridine-ligated assemblies, suggesting a tunneling mechanism at long distance and some other rate-limiting process at short distance. Second, a significant effect on the rate is observed for mixed SAMs having a hydroxyl-terminated alkanethiol diluent when the diluent is more than one methylene group shorter than the carboxylic acid alkanethiol. These conclusions suggest that large-amplitude protein motion (i.e., gating) is not rate-limiting at short distance, though smaller-amplitude motions cannot be ruled out.
Photosensitive optical fibers used as vibration sensors (1990)

We experimentally demonstrate that high-reflectivity photosensitive gratings written in optical fibers can be used to detect vibrations that produce length changes of less than 50 nm. This sensitivity to external perturbations can also explain the high-frequency components often observed during the growth of these gratings.
A phase I study of enfortumab vedotin (ASG-22CE; ASG-22ME): Updated analysis of patients with metastatic urothelial cancer. (2017)

106 Background: Enfortumab vedotin, an antibody–drug conjugate, delivers monomethyl auristatin E to tumors expressing Nectin-4, which is overexpressed in metastatic urothelial cancer (mUC). Methods: This Phase I study (NCT02091999) enrolled patients (pts) with solid tumors, including pts with mUC, treated with ≥1 prior chemotherapy regimen. All pts received different dose levels of IV enfortumab vedotin (0.5, 0.75, 1, 1.25 mg/kg) once weekly for 3 out of 4 wks. Nectin-4 expression was determined by IHC on archival tumor specimens and quantified by histochemical scoring (H-score). Primary endpoint was tolerability; secondary endpoint was antitumor activity assessed every 8 wks per RECIST v1.1. Results: As of 3 Jan 2017, 68 pts with mUC (46 M/22 F; median age, 67 yr [range: 41–84]) had been treated. Of these, 62% received ≥2 prior therapies in the metastatic setting and 40% had prior immune checkpoint inhibitor (CPI) therapy. In these pts, Nectin-4 expression was high and prevalent (median H-score, 280 [range: 32–300]). Treatment-related adverse events (TRAEs) were reported in 58 pts (85%); diarrhea, fatigue, nausea, and pruritus were TRAEs reported in ≥25% of pts. Most TRAEs were grade ≤2 in severity; 19 pts (28%) experienced a TRAE of grade ≥3. The most common grade ≥3 AEs (occurring in ≥5 pts), regardless of attribution to treatment, were urinary tract infection (10%) and hypophosphatemia (9%). No treatment-related deaths have occurred. Sixty pts had ≥1 post-baseline assessment. Antitumor activity was observed across the dose range; overall response rate (ORR) was 40% (95% CI: 27.6–53.5) for all evaluable pts (n = 60), 46% (95% CI: 25.6–67.2) in pts with prior CPI exposure (n = 24), and 44% (95% CI: 19.8–70.1) in pts with metastasis to the liver (n = 16). Complete responses were noted in 3 pts at doses ≥1 mg/kg. Median treatment duration was 26 wks (range: 5.1–64.6), median duration of response was 18 wks (95% CI: 8.4–40.1), and median progression-free survival was 17 wks (95% CI: 15.1–23.3). Study enrollment is ongoing. Conclusions: Enfortumab vedotin demonstrated a favorable tolerability profile with encouraging antitumor activity in heavily pretreated mUC, including pts for whom CPIs have failed. Clinical trial information: NCT02091999.
A Survey of Storage Systems in the RDMA Era (2022)

Remote Direct Memory Access (RDMA) based network devices are increasingly being deployed in modern data centers. RDMA brings significant performance improvements over traditional network devices such as Ethernet due to its unique features: <i>protocol offloading</i> and <i>memory semantics</i> . In particular, it can achieve microsecond level latency, which is about 2 <inline-formula><tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\sim$</tex-math></inline-formula> 3 orders of magnitude improvement. With such improvement in hardware, the software stack, including device drivers and programming libraries, is becoming a new performance bottleneck. Developers need to use new programming libraries to take full advantage of the performance of the underlying hardware. Storage systems are very important in modern data centers. This article surveys the current efforts to use RDMA for optimizing storage systems. We first present five classes of RDMA-based storage systems, including key-value stores, file systems, distributed memory systems, database systems, and systems using smart NICs, to demonstrate different design choices. Then, we examine the core modules of storage systems from different perspectives: communication mode, concurrency control, fault tolerance, caching, and resource management. Finally, we provide some design guidelines for new RDMA-based storage systems, as well as a discussion of opportunities and challenges.
Promiscuous interactions and protein disaggregases determine the material state of stress-inducible RNP granules (2015)

RNA-protein (RNP) granules have been proposed to assemble by forming solid RNA/protein aggregates or through phase separation into a liquid RNA/protein phase. Which model describes RNP granules in living cells is still unclear. In this study, we analyze P bodies in budding yeast and find that they have liquid-like properties. Surprisingly, yeast stress granules adopt a different material state, which is reminiscent of solid protein aggregates and controlled by protein disaggregases. By using an assay to ectopically nucleate RNP granules, we further establish that RNP granule formation does not depend on amyloid-like aggregation but rather involves many promiscuous interactions. Finally, we show that stress granules have different properties in mammalian cells, where they show liquid-like behavior. Thus, we propose that the material state of RNP granules is flexible and that the solid state of yeast stress granules is an adaptation to extreme environments, made possible by the presence of a powerful disaggregation machine.