gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Negative capacitance transistors with monolayer black phosphorus (2016)

Abstract Quantum transport properties of negative capacitance transistors (NC-FETs) with monolayer black phosphorus (ML-BP) are theoretically studied. Our calculations show that atomistic thin ML-BP can enhance the amplification effect of the ferroelectric layer, and subthreshold swing is effectively reduced to 27 mV per decade in ML-BP NC-FETs. Device performance can be further improved by increasing the thickness of ferroelectric layer and using thinner or high- k insulate layer. Due to the temperature dependence of ferroelectric layer ML-BP NC-FETs have higher on-state current at low temperature, which is different from that of MOSFETs. By considering the metal–ferroelectric interface layer, our calculations show that the device performance is degraded by the interface. Compared with the International Technology Roadmap (ITRS) 2013 requirements, ML-BP NC-FETs can fulfil the ITRS requirements for high-performance logic with a reduced supply voltage. The new device can achieve very low power delay product per device width at V D =0.3 V, which is just 44% of that in ML-BP FETs.
Effect of laser beam shape parameters on photothermal deflection densitometers (1984)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTEffect of laser beam shape parameters on photothermal deflection densitometersTsuey Ing. Chen and Michael D. MorrisCite this: Anal. Chem. 1984, 56, 9, 1674–1677Publication Date (Print):August 1, 1984Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 August 1984https://doi.org/10.1021/ac00273a031RIGHTS & PERMISSIONSArticle Views42Altmetric-Citations17LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (505 KB) Get e-Alerts Get e-Alerts
Evaluation of mixed semi-automated/manual traffic (2002)

The advance in research and development will make the deployment of automated vehicles a reality in the near future. At the initial stage, semi-automated vehicles with the capability to follow each other automatically in the same lane will coexist with manually driven vehicles on the same roadway system. A number of safety and human factors issues need to be resolved before mixing becomes possible. Capacity may not always increase with the percentage of semi-automated vehicles due to the randomness of human drivers. A semi-automated vehicle will prevent the propagation of "slinky effects" without affecting the total travel time.
Track center servo and radial tilt servo system for DVD-RAM disk (1999)

To increase optical disc capacity, the track pitch becomes narrower. This necessitates a higher-accuracy for track servo. However, with the push-pull track error detection, the standard error detection for rewritable optical disc, detection error occurs due to disc radial tilt. The authors propose new method of a track center detection method that detects track center more accurately than the push-pull track error detection method, and develop a track center servo and radial tilt servo system based on this detection method.
Halide composition profiles in silver halide microcrystals (1976)

We investigated the halide composition depth profile in micron-size silver halide microcrystals using x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy in conjunction with ion etching. Using a double-jet technique, intentionally mixed halide microcrystals were precipitated such that the thermodynamic equlibrium of the solution-solid interface was maintained. Microcrystals precipitated using halide-conversion techniques showed a compositional variation. In bromide-converted silver chloride microcrystals, after an initial decrease from the surface value, the chloride ion concentration increased smoothly with depth, leveling off (at about 100 nm below the original surface) to a value about 10% higher than in the surface region. X-ray diffraction patterns from these microcrystals show a skewed line shape for the halide-converted materials. A graded-band-gap model is proposed which may account for the tendency of the halide-converted crystals to form an internal latent image.
Evaluation of the Hemochron 8000 Rx/Dx System for Heparin Management (1997)

The Hemochron Rx/Dx uses an ACT and a heparin response tube to calculate the heparin dose to identify heparin sensitive/resistant patients. We evaluated the Rx/Dx system in 37 patients to determine if the ACT after the predicted heparin loading dose was adequate to initiate CPB. The mean heparin dose calculated by the Rx/Dx was 31,700 IU +/- 8,700 IU (370 IU/kg) with a mean post ACT of 463 +/- 124 sec. Our standard heparin dose (400 IU/kg) would have given an additional 2,800 IU over the Rx/Dx. Four patients (6.5%) were predicted to be heparin sensitive and all four achieved an ACT over 450 sec. Twenty-one patients (56.8%) were predicted to be resistant and yet failed to raise the ACT over 450 sec in 17 (81.0%). Twelve patients (32.4%) were predicted to have a normal heparin response, and four (33.3%) did not achieve an ACT over 450 sec. In all, 21 patients (56.8%) did not achieve an ACT greater than 450 sec. Each institution should evaluate their heparin loading dose and the resultant ACT. In this study, we found the number of times the Rx/Dx system did not raise the ACT over 450 sec too great to justify the additional expense.
ANNUAL EFFECTIVE DOSE AND CONCENTRATION LEVELS OF GROSS α AND β IN TURKISH MARKET TEA (2012)

Background: Tea is one of the most popular beverages all over the world which is prepared from the leaves of a shrub camellia sinensis. Eastern Black Sea Region of Turkey which account for around 100% of all tea production in Turkey was among the areas contaminated by Chernobyl accident. Materials and Methods: A comprehensive study was planned and carried out to determine the level of gross α and β radioactivity and annual effective dose equivalent in different Turkish market tea using LSC. Results: The average measurements for digestion and infusion are 5.0 mBql-1 and 1.8 mBql-1 for gross α, 80.7 mBql-1 and 9.0 mBql -1 for gross β in tea samples. Contributions of the infusion tea samples to total annual effective dose equivalent from 238U, 234U, 230Th,226Ra, 210 Po, 232 Th, 238 Th, 210 Pb and 228 Ra are 0.103, 0.112, 0.480, 0.640, 2.742, 0.525, 0.164, 7.740 and 7.740 μSvy-1 for adults. Conclusion: The obtained results showed that natural activity concentrations of α- and β-emitting radionuclides and annual effective dose equivalent in tea samples did not exceed WHO recommended levels. Iran.�J.�Radiat.�Res.,�2012;�10(2):�� 67‐72
Mucosal immune response in newborn Holstein calves that had maternally derived antibodies and were vaccinated with an intranasal multivalent modified-live virus vaccine (2012)

IN vaccination of newborn calves with high concentrations of virus-neutralizing antibodies increased NSS IgA titers but did not change serum antibody titers. Revaccination of group C calves on day 35 induced IgA production. Intranasal vaccination with a modified-live virus vaccine was effective in calves that had maternally derived antibodies.
Volumeless reagent delivery: a liquid handling method for adding reagents to microscale droplets without increasing volume (2021)

The addition of reagents for assays in digital microfluidic (DMF) systems is traditionally done by merging of droplets containing different analytes or reagents in solution. However, this process significantly increases droplet volume after each step, resulting in dilution of the analyte and reagents. Here, we report a new technique for performing reagent additions to aqueous droplets without significantly increasing the droplet's volume: volume-less reagent delivery (VRD). VRD is enabled by a physical phenomenon we call "exclusive liquid repellency" (ELR), which describes an aqueous/oil/solid 3-phase system where the aqueous phase can be fully repelled from a solid phase (contact angle ∼180°). When performing VRD, a reagent of interest in solution is deposited onto the ELR solid surface and allowed to dry. The ELR surface containing the dried reagent is then immersed under oil, followed by introduction of an aqueous droplet. By dragging the aqueous droplet over the spot of dried reagent using paramagnetic particles or <i>via</i> a physical sliding wall, the droplet can then recover and reconstitute the reagent with negligible increase in its total volume, returning the ELR surface to its initial liquid repellent state in the process. We demonstrate that VRD can be performed across a wide range of reagent types including sugars, proteins (antibodies), nucleic acids (DNA), antibiotics, and even complex enzyme/substrate/buffer "kit" mixtures. We believe VRD is a flexible and powerful technique which can further the development of self-contained, multi-step assays in DMF and other microfluidic systems.
High spin states in<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mml:mrow><mml:msup><mml:mrow/><mml:mrow><mml:mn>93</mml:mn></mml:mrow></mml:msup></mml:mrow><mml:mi mathvariant="normal">Sr</mml:mi></mml:math> (2003)

Twenty-one $\ensuremath{\gamma}$ transitions in ${}^{93}\mathrm{Sr}$ were identified from $\ensuremath{\gamma}\ensuremath{-}\ensuremath{\gamma}\ensuremath{-}\ensuremath{\gamma}$ coincidences in the spontaneous fission of ${}^{252}\mathrm{Cf}$ starting with the previously known three transitions in ${}^{93}\mathrm{Sr}.$ The level structure of this nucleus is interpreted in part as arising from the weak coupling of the ${1d}_{5/2}$ neutron hole to the yrast states of the ${}^{94}\mathrm{Sr}$ core. We have tried to give a quantitative description of the properties of ${}^{93}\mathrm{Sr}$ by performing a shell-model study in which we assume that ${}^{88}\mathrm{Sr}$ is a closed core. In this study we have also considered the neighboring isotopes ${}^{90,92,94}\mathrm{Sr}.$ The calculated spectra have been compared with the experimental data.
Christian Symbolism in Joseph Conrad`s Victory (2013)

This paper argues that Conrad, though seemingly sceptical on Christianity, uses a complex network of religious symbols in Victory in order to present the victory of Christian love over Satanic forces. The symbolic structure of the novel is based on a struggle between two forces for the soul of the central character Axel Heyst: the force of the Christ and the Satanic force which are symbolically represented by Lena and Jones respectively. While Lena and Jones consistently represent the good and the evil respectively, Heyst is an ambiguous character, standing midway between the two or belonging to both of them in turn. And through the victory of Lena`s Christ-like virtues over Jones` evil powers, Heyst`s soul is redeemed in the end. The victory in Victory is ultimately that of human goodness over the evil forces in the world. This human goodness is represented by the self-sacrificing love of a human being for another, the supreme virtue in Christianity. In this novel, Conrad dramatically emphasizes the value of human goodness through his effective use of religious symbols. (Kwangwoon University)
간성뇌증의 관리 및 영양공급 (2012)

It has been estimated that at least 25% of patients with liver cirrhosis experience hepatic encephalopathy during the natural history of the disease. Hepatic encephalopathy is more frequent in patients with more severe liver disease. Also, malnutrition is common in patients with liver cirrhosis, and is considered a significant prognostic factor affecting quality of life, outcome, and survival. Inadequate intake of nutrients, the hypermetabolic state, the diminished synthetic capacity of the liver and the impaired absorption of nutrients are themain reasons that disrupt the metabolic balance in cirrhosis. In the general approach to cirrhotic patients, the initial and most important step for the clinician is to recognize the extent of malnutrition. Unfortunately, the Child-Pugh-Turcotte classification and the model for end-stage liver disease (MELD) do not include an assessment of nutritional status in spite of the fact that malnutrition plays an important role in morbidity and mortality in end-stage liver failure. To date, the practice of dietary protein restriction for patients with liver cirrhosis is deeply embedded among medical practitioners and dietitians. However, the negative effects of protein restriction are clear, that is, increased protein catabolism, the release of amino acids from the muscle, and possible worsening of hepatic encephalopathy. Nutritional support with sufficient protein requirements, antioxidants, vitamins as well as probiotics may improve nutritional status, liver function, and hepatic encephalopathy in patients with liver cirrhosis.
Survey of Attack Projection, Prediction, and Forecasting in Cyber Security (2018)

This paper provides a survey of prediction, and forecasting methods used in cyber security. Four main tasks are discussed first, attack projection and intention recognition, in which there is a need to predict the next move or the intentions of the attacker, intrusion prediction, in which there is a need to predict upcoming cyber attacks, and network security situation forecasting, in which we project cybersecurity situation in the whole network. Methods and approaches for addressing these tasks often share the theoretical background and are often complementary. In this survey, both methods based on discrete models, such as attack graphs, Bayesian networks, and Markov models, and continuous models, such as time series and grey models, are surveyed, compared, and contrasted. We further discuss machine learning and data mining approaches, that have gained a lot of attention recently and appears promising for such a constantly changing environment, which is cyber security. The survey also focuses on the practical usability of the methods and problems related to their evaluation.
FeFETs for Near-Memory and In-Memory Compute (2021)

Ferroelectric Field Effect Transistors (FeFETs), where a ferroelectric material is placed on the gate of a transistor has seen resurgence in the recent years with the advent of doped HfO <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</inf> as a ferroelectric material [1]. Here we will discuss the potential and challenges for FeFETs as a memory solution for near-memory and in-memory computing. The ability to integrate the ferroelectric oxide on high-performance Si channels means that fast READ speed is achievable. In addition, recent demonstrations have shown that HfO <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</inf> based Ferroelectrics scale down to very small footprint area, which should enable achieving very large density. These aspects together with the fact that write energy in the device is low (<1fJ), point to the potential of a very high bandwidth, low power, embedded memory that could be highly beneficial to AI applications.
Photosynthetic Quantum Yield Dynamics: From Photosystems to Leaves (2012)

The mechanisms underlying the wavelength dependence of the quantum yield for CO(2) fixation (α) and its acclimation to the growth-light spectrum are quantitatively addressed, combining in vivo physiological and in vitro molecular methods. Cucumber (Cucumis sativus) was grown under an artificial sunlight spectrum, shade light spectrum, and blue light, and the quantum yield for photosystem I (PSI) and photosystem II (PSII) electron transport and α were simultaneously measured in vivo at 20 different wavelengths. The wavelength dependence of the photosystem excitation balance was calculated from both these in vivo data and in vitro from the photosystem composition and spectroscopic properties. Measuring wavelengths overexciting PSI produced a higher α for leaves grown under the shade light spectrum (i.e., PSI light), whereas wavelengths overexciting PSII produced a higher α for the sun and blue leaves. The shade spectrum produced the lowest PSI:PSII ratio. The photosystem excitation balance calculated from both in vivo and in vitro data was substantially similar and was shown to determine α at those wavelengths where absorption by carotenoids and nonphotosynthetic pigments is insignificant (i.e., >580 nm). We show quantitatively that leaves acclimate their photosystem composition to their growth light spectrum and how this changes the wavelength dependence of the photosystem excitation balance and quantum yield for CO(2) fixation. This also proves that combining different wavelengths can enhance quantum yields substantially.
A CRISPR/Cas9 and Cre/Lox system-based express vaccine development strategy against re-emerging Pseudorabies virus (2016)

Virus evolves rapidly to escape vaccine-induced immunity, posing a desperate demand for efficient vaccine development biotechnologies. Here we present an express vaccine development strategy based on CRISPR/Cas9 and Cre/Lox system against re-emerging Pseudorabies virus, which caused the recent devastating swine pseudorabies outbreak in China. By CRISPR/Cas9 system, the virulent genes of the newly isolated strain were simultaneously substituted by marker genes, which were subsequently excised using Cre/Lox system for vaccine safety concern. Notably, single cell FACS technology was applied to further promote virus purification efficiency. The combination of these state-of-art technologies greatly accelerated vaccine development. Finally, vaccination and challenge experiments proved this vaccine candidate's protective efficacy in pigs and the promise to control current pseudorabies outbreak. This is, to our knowledge, the first successful vaccine development based on gene edit technologies, demonstrating these technologies leap from laboratory to industry. It may pave the way for future express antiviral vaccine development.
Integrating Building Automation Systems and IPv6 in the Internet of Things (2012)

The vision of the Internet of Things is a seamless integration of diverse physical objects in the Internet through a virtual representation. In recent years, the target area of IoT constantly broadened from products within supply chains and nowadays encompasses all objects that are summarized under the label of ubiquitous and pervasive computing. Therefore also building automation devices are considered for an integration in the IoT, where they are for example used to realize a smart and sustainable building operation. Ubiquitous access to the objects is facilitated by the concept of building automation systems (BAS) that already provide a virtual representation of physical objects, mainly sensors, actuators and control devices. In practice, BAS follow a layered system architecture which defines a management, an automation and a field tier. In the field tier, non-IP communication based on twisted pair, power line or radio frequency technologies is prevalent. For the backbone infrastructure at the automation and management tier, IPv4 has become the de-facto standard. At this level, the transition towards IPv6 is the most promising technology to enable the full realization of the Internet of Things vision. New features like the larger address space, self-configuration, quality of service mechanisms and security promise a better integration of building automation technology in the IoT. Therefore this article investigates the readiness and compatibility of existing BAS technologies with IPv6. The integration challenges and new opportunities of IPv6 for these technologies are presented. Furthermore, possible integration scenarios for IPv6 using BAC net as example use case are sketched.
An Alternative Explanation for the Catalytic Proficiency of Orotidine 5‘-Phosphate Decarboxylase (2001)

Orotidine 5'-phosphate decarboxylase (ODCase) is the most proficient enzyme known, enhancing the rate of decarboxylation of orotidine 5'-phosphate (OMP) by a factor of 10(17), which corresponds to a DeltaDeltaG++ of approximately 24 kcal/mol. Ground-state destabilization through local electrostatic stress has been recently proposed as the basis of catalytic rate enhancement for a mechanism that is the same as in solution. We have carried out gas-phase ab initio quantum mechanical calculations combined with a free energy method, a continuum solvent model, and molecular dynamics simulations to assess an alternative mechanism. Although we are not able to reproduce the experimentally observed DeltaDeltaG++ quantitatively, we present evidence that this DeltaDeltaG++ is very large, in the range found experimentally. We thus conclude that the preferred mechanism may well be different from that in solution, involving an equilibrium pre-protonation of OMP C5 by a catalytic lysine residue that greatly reduces the barrier to subsequent decarboxylation.
Predicting Probability of Deforestation in Belize (2015)

Belize is a Central American country that is known for its high biodiversity. According to the Water Center of the Humid Tropics of Latin America and the Caribbean (CATHALAC) and NASA, Belize’s forest cover decreased from 75.9% in late 1980 to 62.7% in 2010. In this project, we developed a spatial model of deforestation in Belize. We hypothesized that factors influencing the potential of deforestation in Belize included elevation, distance to human-built facilities, distance to roads, and whether an area is protected. We performed a binary logistic regression to generate a best-fit model of deforestation probability. Whether an area is protected, and the distance to the nearest human-built facilities were statistically significant predictors of deforestation in Belize.
Regulation of the cellulolytic system in Trichoderma reesei by sophorose: induction of cellulase and repression of beta-glucosidase (1980)

Sophorose has two regulatory roles in the production of cellulase enzymes in Trichoderma reesei: beta-glucosidase repression and cellulase induction. Sophorose also is hydrolyzed by the mycelial-associated beta-glucosidase. Repression of beta-glucosidase reduces sophorose hydrolysis and thus may increase cellulase induction.