gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Differentially private grids for geospatial data (2013)

In this paper, we tackle the problem of constructing a differentially private synopsis for two-dimensional datasets such as geospatial datasets. The current state-of-the-art methods work by performing recursive binary partitioning of the data domains, and constructing a hierarchy of partitions. We show that the key challenge in partition-based synopsis methods lies in choosing the right partition granularity to balance the noise error and the non-uniformity error. We study the uniform-grid approach, which applies an equi-width grid of a certain size over the data domain and then issues independent count queries on the grid cells. This method has received no attention in the literature, probably due to the fact that no good method for choosing a grid size was known. Based on an analysis of the two kinds of errors, we propose a method for choosing the grid size. Experimental results validate our method, and show that this approach performs as well as, and often times better than, the state-of-the-art methods. We further introduce a novel adaptive-grid method. The adaptive grid method lays a coarse-grained grid over the dataset, and then further partitions each cell according to its noisy count. Both levels of partitions are then used in answering queries over the dataset. This method exploits the need to have finer granularity partitioning over dense regions and, at the same time, coarse partitioning over sparse regions. Through extensive experiments on real-world datasets, we show that this approach consistently and significantly outperforms the uniform-grid method and other state-of-the-art methods.
A study of distributing the load of the LVS clustering system based on the dynamic weight (2001)

In this paper, we study the methodology of distributing the requests of clients based on the state of real server in the LVS(Linux virtual server) clustering system. The WLC(weighted least connection) algorithm in the LVS cluster system is studied. The load distributing algorithm which assigns a weight into each real server is devised by considering the load of real servers. The load test is executed to estimate the load of real servers using a load generating tool. Throughout the result of the experiment, we suggest new load distributing algorithm based on the usage of physical memory of each real server. It is shown that the correction potentiality of new algorithm is somewhat better than that of the WLC algorithm.
Quantifying Biological Integrity of California Sage Scrub Communities Using Plant Life-form Cover (2010)

The California sage scrub (CSS) community type in California’s Mediterranean-type ecosystems supports a large number of rare, threatened, and endangered species, and is critically degraded and endangered. Monitoring ecological variables that provide information about community integrity is vital to conserving these biologically diverse communities. Fractional cover of true shrub, subshrub, herbaceous vegetation, and bare ground should fill information gaps between generalized vegetation type maps and detailed field-based plot measurements of species composition and provide an effective means for quantifying CSS community integrity. Remote sensing is the only tool available for estimating spatially comprehensive fractional cover over large extent, and fractional cover of plant life-form types is one of the measures of vegetation state that is most amenable to remote sensing. The use of remote sensing does not eliminate the need for either field surveying or vegetation type mapping; rather it will likely require a combination of approaches to reliably estimate life-form cover and to provide comprehensive information for communities. According to our review and synthesis, life-form fractional cover has strong potential for providing ecologically meaningful intermediate-scale information, which is unattainable from vegetation type maps and species-level field measurements. Thus, we strongly recommend incorporating fractional cover of true shrub, subshrub, herb, and bare ground in CSS community monitoring methods. Estimating life-form cover at a 25 m x 25 m spatial scale using remote sensing would be an appropriate approach for initial implementation. Investigation of remote sensing techniques and an appropriate spatial scale; collaboration of resource managers, biologists, and remote sensing specialists, and refinement of protocols are essential for integrating life-form fractional cover mapping into strategies for sustainable long-term CSS community management.
<i>N,N′</i>‐ethylenediyl‐<i>bis</i>‐alkanamides: Differential scanning calorimetry studies (1996)

Abstract Some longer‐chain bis ‐alkanamides of ethylenediamine have been synthesized and crystallized for use as potential standards for the measurement of decomposition of aminophylline suppositories. The thermal properties of the compounds have been investigated by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). Each of the compounds was found to give two endotherms. The endotherms at the higher temperature corresponded to the melting temperatures. However, over the homologous series, the upper endotherm demonstrated paradoxical behavior in that the temperature decreased as the length of the alkanoyl chain, and hence the relative molecular mass, increased. The endotherm at the lower temperature could not be attributed to any visible change in the physical or microscopic state of the crystals. It behaved more as expected from the thermal properties of other fatty acid derivatives, such as the esters, mono‐, di‐, and triglycerides, in that the temperature increased as the alkanoyl chainlength increased. Cooling the compounds to 25°C after this first DSC run and then reheating under the same conditions showed that the upper endotherm remained the same but that a number of new endotherms replaced the lower endotherm. The endotherms found during this repeat run had lower enthalpies per gram than were obtained from the freshly crystallized materials. A possible structure for the crystals is presented. A model is proposed with hydrogen bonding and van der Waals bonding between adjacent molecules where differential breaking of these bonds causes the two initial endotherms.
PP.26.09 (2015)

Objective: Patients with treatment-resistant arterial hypertension exhibited profound reductions in single sympathetic vasoconstrictor fiber firing rates following renal nerve ablation. In contrast, integrated multi-unit muscle sympathetic nerve activity (MSNA) changed little or not at all. We hypothesized that conventional MSNA analysis may have missed single fiber discharges, thus, obscuring sympathetic inhibition following renal denervation. Design and method: We studied patients with difficult to control arterial hypertension (age 45–74 years) before, 6 (n = 11), and 12 months (n = 8) following renal nerve ablation. Electrocardiogram, respiration, brachial, and finger arterial blood pressure (BP), as well as the MSNA raw signal were analyzed. We detected MSNA action potential spikes using 2 stage kurtosis wavelet denoising techniques to assess mean, median, and maximum spike rates for each beat-to-beat interval. Results: Supine heart rate and systolic BP did not change at 6 (δHR: -2 ± 3 bpm; δSBP: 2 ± 9 mmHg) or at 12 months (δHR:-1 ± 3 mmHg, δSBP: -1 ± 9 mmHg) after renal nerve ablation. Mean burst frequency and mean spike frequency at baseline were 34 ± 3 bursts per minute and 8 ± 1 spikes per sec. Both measurements did not change at 6 months (-1.4 ± 3.6 bursts/minute; -0.6 ± 1.4 spikes per sec) or at 12 months (-2.5 ± 4.0 bursts/minute; -2.0 ± 1.6 spikes per sec) following renal nerve ablation. After renal nerve ablation, BP decreased in 3 out of 11 patients. BP and MSNA spike frequency changes were not correlated (slope = -0.06; p = 0.369). Conclusions: Spike rate analysis of multi-unit MSNA neurograms further suggests that profound sympathetic inhibition is not a consistent finding following renal nerve ablation.
Human lysosomal acid lipase/cholesteryl ester hydrolase and human gastric lipase: site-directed mutagenesis of Cys227 and Cys236 results in substrate-dependent reduction of enzymatic activity (1997)

Chemical modification studies and site-directed mutagenesis experiments have provided evidence that human lysosomal acid lipase/cholesteryl ester hydrolase (HLAL), human gastric lipase (HGL), and rat lingual lipase (RLL) are serine esterases. Loss of HLAL and HGL activity was also observed in the presence of sulfhydryl-reactive substances, suggesting that cysteines are likewise essential for substrate hydrolysis. To study the functional role of the HLAL and HGL cysteine residues, we replaced these amino acids with alanine by site-directed mutagenesis. Substitutions at positions 227 and 236, alone or together, drastically reduced hydrolytic activity in a substrate-dependent manner while the other mutants were not affected to any great extent. HLAL(Cys227-->Ala), HLAL(Cys236-->Ala), and HLAL(Cys227-->Ala, Cys236-->Ala) were essentially inactive against cholesteryl oleate, but retained about 23-39%, 28-37%, and 13-17% of catalytic activity for both triolein and tributyrin, respectively. The data obtained with the corresponding HGL mutants confirmed the importance of residues 227 and 236 in maintaining enzymatic activity towards long- and short-chain triglycerides. In order to assess the contribution of the eight amino acids delimited by Cys227 and Cys236 to lipolysis, we generated HLAL replacement mutants containing the corresponding residues 228-235 of HGL or RLL. Both HLAL chimeras were catalytically active towards all three substrates analyzed, indicating that these amino acids do not determine HLAL substrate specificity. Deletion of the eight-amino acid alpha-helix as well as disruption of its hydrophobic surface, in contrast, abolished enzymatic activity. Our studies suggest that Cys227, Cys236, and the amphipathic helix formed by residues 228-235 are essential for HLAL- and HGL-mediated neutral lipid catabolism.
Administrators and multiprocessor rendezvous mechanisms (1992)

Abstract This paper discusses rendezvous on multiprocessors. Three different approaches are compared, represented by three specific systems: Ada, Harmony and BNR Pascal. All three permit tasks to run on multiple processors and use blocking communications primitives, but there are significant differences. For example, control over replying to messages out of sequence and over the allocation of tasks to processors is omitted in Ada, but is available in Harmony. The approach represented by BNR Pascal follows a middle road between Harmony and Ada: a low level protocol, invisible to the programmer, is used to ensure communications reliability, but the programmer is aware of when a rendezvous is remote. If performance considerations and verbosity and robustness are ignored, all three approaches are equivalent. To illustrate this equivalence, and to demonstrate clearly the complexity of the Ada rendezvous, an Ada rendezvous administrator written using Harmony is described. A second method of adapting Harmony to Ada is also presented, in which the Harmony primitives are modified to be closer to Ada. In practice, using Harmony primitives directly will usually result in better programs. It is argued that something very much like the rendezvous adminstrator is needed for any actual implementation of the Ada rendezvous.
Autonomous Driving (2016)

This book takes a look at fully automated, autonomous vehicles and discusses many open questions: How can autonomous vehicles be integrated into the current transportation system with diverse users an
Zirconia based nucleic acid sensor for <i>Mycobacterium tuberculosis</i> detection (2010)

Nanostructured zirconium oxide (ZrO2) film (particle size∼35 nm), electrochemically deposited onto gold(Au) surface, has been used to immobilize 21-mer oligonucleotide probe (ssDNA) specific to Mycobacterium tuberculosis by utilizing affinity between oxygen atom of phosphoric group and zirconium to fabricate DNA biosensor. This DNA-ZrO2/Au bioelectrode, characterized using x-ray diffraction, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, cyclic voltammetry, and scanning electron microscopy techniques, can be used for early and rapid diagnosis of M. tuberculosis with detection limit of 0.065 ng/μL within 60s.
Drug Competition for Thyroxine Binding to Transthyretin (Prealbumin): Comparison with Effects on Thyroxine-Binding Globulin* (1989)

We examined the effect of 26 drugs on T4 binding to transthyretin (TTR; prealbumin) and T4-binding globulin (TBG) by determining their ability to inhibit [125I]T4 binding to TTR isolated from normal human plasma and to serum diluted 1:10,000, respectively. The hierarchies for drug inhibition of T4 binding differed greatly for these two proteins. Relative to T4, the drugs were much more potent inhibitors of [125I]T4 binding to TTR than to TBG. Compounds of the anthranilic acid class, such as flufenamic, meclofenamic, and mefenamic acids, interacted particularly strongly with TTR. Flufenamic acid was more potent than T4 itself in inhibiting [125I]T4 binding [175 +/- 17% (+/- SD); cf. T4; n = 3; P less than 0.001], while mefenamic acid, diflunisal, and meclofenamic acid were 20-26% as potent as T4 in their interaction with TTR. The reactivity of diclofenac, fenclofenac, indomethacin, sulindac, and the diuretic ethacrynic acid was 0.8-2.1% relative to that of T4. In contrast, furosemide, the drug most highly reactive with TBG, was only 0.11 +/- 0.03% (n = 7) as potent as T4, followed by meclofenamic acid greater than mefenamic acid greater than fenclofenac greater than flufenamic acid greater than diflunisal greater than milrinone. Aspirin and sodium salicylate were, respectively, 0.05% and 0.20% as active as unlabeled T4 as inhibitors of [125I]T4 binding to TTR, but these compounds had only 3-4 x 10(-6)% of the activity of T4 for TBG binding. Diphenylhydantoin had no detectable effect on T4 binding to TTR and was 2.9 x 10(-4)% as reactive as T4 with TBG. Amiodarone did not interact with either binding site. Drug interactions with TTR may be important when this protein becomes a major circulating T4-binding protein, as in patients with complete or partial TBG deficiency, or when serum T4 is markedly elevated. Such interactions may also be important where TTR is the dominant tissue T4-binding protein, as in the choroid plexus. In addition, the drug competitors described here may be useful as probes to further define the structural basis for specific ligand interactions with different classes of T4-binding sites.
Multifaceted highly targeted sequential multidrug treatment of early ambulatory high-risk SARS-CoV-2 infection (COVID-19) (2020)

The SARS-CoV-2 virus spreading across the world has led to surges of COVID-19 illness, hospitalizations, and death. The complex and multifaceted pathophysiology of life-threatening COVID-19 illness including viral mediated organ damage, cytokine storm, and thrombosis warrants early interventions to address all components of the devastating illness. In countries where therapeutic nihilism is prevalent, patients endure escalating symptoms and without early treatment can succumb to delayed in-hospital care and death. Prompt early initiation of sequenced multidrug therapy (SMDT) is a widely and currently available solution to stem the tide of hospitalizations and death. A multipronged therapeutic approach includes 1) adjuvant nutraceuticals, 2) combination intracellular anti-infective therapy, 3) inhaled/oral corticosteroids, 4) antiplatelet agents/anticoagulants, 5) supportive care including supplemental oxygen, monitoring, and telemedicine. Randomized trials of individual, novel oral therapies have not delivered tools for physicians to combat the pandemic in practice. No single therapeutic option thus far has been entirely effective and therefore a combination is required at this time. An urgent immediate pivot from single drug to SMDT regimens should be employed as a critical strategy to deal with the large numbers of acute COVID-19 patients with the aim of reducing the intensity and duration of symptoms and avoiding hospitalization and death.
DFT Calculations on a New Class of <i>C</i><sub>3</sub>‐Symmetric Organic Bases: Highly Basic Proton Sponges and Ligands for Very Small Metal Cations (2003)

Back to bases: What happens, if three nitrogen lone pairs are forced to interact with each other? An extraordinary increase in basicity. This conclusion is the result of DFT calculations which, for example, predict a pKa value (of the conjugate acid, in acetonitrile) of 30.2 for tris(8-quinolyl)borane 1. The basicity is due to a strongly destabilizing interaction between the three quinoline lone pairs in the free bases.
Cloned transgenic mouse fetuses from embryonic stem cells. (2001)

Development of efficient efficient system for genetic modification and large-scale cloning of livestock is of importance for agriculture, biotechnology, or human medicine. The mouse, on the other hand, is an ideal model in the basic studies of genetic modification. In this study, we investigated about production of clone mice from established embryonic stem (ES) cell line by nuclear transfer. Further, we had try of production of cloned transgenic mouse fetuses/offspring using ES cells modified with a marker gene, EGFP. With the ES cell line TT2 which is at least 15 passages, reconstructed oocytes developed to 2-8 cell embryos, morulae, or blastocysts (44.8%), and 17.2% of them developed to term (19.5 days post-coitum, dpc). When 40 embryos with the marker gene transferred to 11 surrogate mothers (pseudopregnant females), 5 live fetuses were recognized in the uteli at 13.5 dpc and in these fetuses expression of GFP was observed, but none developed beyond 19.5 dpc. The present results suggest that ES cells can be used tg produce cloned mice.
Contents of cry genes and insecticidal toxicity of Bacillus thuringiensis strains from terrestrial and aquatic habitats (2002)

The inter-relationships between serology, cry gene content and toxicity may allow a better understanding of B. thuringiensis ecology.
Oxidative stress occurs early in Down syndrome pregnancy: A redox proteomics analysis of amniotic fluid (2011)

Our results indicate that oxidative damage is an early event in the DS pathogenesis and might contribute to the development of deleterious DS phenotypes, including abnormal development and AD-like neuropathology.
Red and blue LED with pulse lighting control treatment for Brassica chinensis in Indoor farming (2013)

This study proposes a method of optimizing plant growth in control environment using led lighting system. Indoor farming system can cultivate varieties of plant mainly vegetables. Research on indoor farming using Led as a light source for plant photosynthesis has becoming high in demand due to uncertainty of weather and pest mortality. Red / Blue (RB) LEDs combination of ratio 16:4 as light source has been used to simulate actual sun light radiation and has similar absorption spectrum of the plant photosynthesis. Optimizing plant growth with climate control system to maintain and monitor humidity, temperature and light intensity is a must to ensure the survival of the plant and is proposed for the system. The system of data logger capability to acquire data and perform analytical work after each experiment performs. The study compares the effect of plant growth with different amount of light exposed. The finding from the experiment has shown very significant result for plant with pulse lighting control system of 1-hour duration with 15 minutes light off period as compared to typical photoperiod at 12 hours continuous lighting system and 12 hours light off period. From data analysis, we conclude that the plant with pulse light treatment which was recorded 291% higher photosynthesis rates is having better growth rates compared to conventional 12 hours lighting system.
Cerebral Blood Flow and Cerebral Metabolic Rate of Oxygen Requirements for Cerebral Function and Viability in Humans (1985)

This study was undertaken to determine the minimum CBF and CMRO2 required by the human brain to maintain normal function and viability for more than a few hours. Positron emission tomography (PET) was used to perform regional measurements in 50 subjects with varying degrees of cerebral ischemia but no evidence of infarction. There were 24 normal subjects, 24 subjects with arteriographic evidence of vascular disease of the carotid system, and two subjects with reversible ischemic neurological deficits due to cerebral vasospasm. Minimum values found in the 48 subjects with normal neurological function were 19 ml/100 g-min for regional cerebral blood flow (rCBF) and 1.3 ml/100 g-min for regional cerebral metabolic rate of oxygen (rCMRO2). Minimum values for all 50 subjects with viable cerebral tissue were 15 ml/100 g-min for rCBF and 1.3 ml/100 g-min for rCMRO2. Comparison of these measurements with values from 20 areas of established cerebral infarction in 10 subjects demonstrated that 80% (16/20) of infarcted regions had rCMRO2 values below the lower normal limit of 1.3 ml/100 g-min. Measurements of rCBF, regional cerebral blood volume, and oxygen extraction fraction were less useful for distinguishing viable from infarcted tissue. These data indicate that quantitative regional measurements of rCMRO2 with PET accurately distinguish viable from nonviable cerebral tissue and may be useful in the prospective identification of patients with reversible ischemia.
Flexible Operator Embeddings via Deep Learning (2019)

Integrating machine learning into the internals of database management systems requires significant feature engineering, a human effort-intensive process to determine the best way to represent the pieces of information that are relevant to a task. In addition to being labor intensive, the process of hand-engineering features must generally be repeated for each data management task, and may make assumptions about the underlying database that are not universally true. We introduce flexible operator embeddings, a deep learning technique for automatically transforming query operators into feature vectors that are useful for a multiple data management tasks and is custom-tailored to the underlying database. Our approach works by taking advantage of an operator's context, resulting in a neural network that quickly transforms sparse representations of query operators into dense, information-rich feature vectors. Experimentally, we show that our flexible operator embeddings perform well across a number of data management tasks, using both synthetic and real-world datasets.
Student-Selected Journals: An Emerging Resource (2014)

This longitudinal study investigates the journal selections of 367 graduate students as they worked to fulfill a commonly assigned, criteria-based literature search on educational topics. The criteria called for evidence-based studies, published within the current ten years of course enrollment, within peer-reviewed journals. Student references were evaluated, but investigation revealed that students succeeded only partially in meeting the criteria. Two hundred ninety-nine journal titles used most commonly have resulted in a list that identified peer review status and research content characteristics for each title. The findings suggest new opportunities to improve library resources, instruction, and student achievement.
MD5 Secured Cryptographic Hash Value (2018)

Over the past two decades, significant researches have been done in analyzing the MD5 algorithm to address its collision problem. This paper enhanced the original MD5 by adding four logical operations to increase the security of the message to become free from collision attack. To test the enhanced algorithm, different data with collision problems using the MD5 Collision generator were used. The avalanche effect was measured, and the result provided more than 50%-bit change. The enhanced MD5 was also tested against dictionary attack using online cracking tools and these tools failed to crack and revert the message digest into plain text. Overall, the enhanced algorithm mitigated the collision problem of MD5.