gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Effect of an Educational Program on Adherence to Therapeutic Regimen among Chronic Kidney Disease Stage5 (CKD5) Patients under Maintenance Hemodialysis. (2015)

The burden of chronic disease on health care services worldwide is growing and the increased development of educational interventions which help patients to better manage their conditions is evident internationally. It has been recognized that poor adherence can be a serious risk to the health and wellbeing of patients. Adherence to fluid restrictions, dietary and medication guidelines as well as attendance at prescribed hemodialysis sessions of a hemodialysis regimen are essential for adequate management of chronic kidney disease. The objective of the present study is to  investigate the effect of an educational program on adherence to therapeutic regimen among chronic kidney disease stage 5 (CKD5) patients under maintenance hemodialysis at Kasr AlAiny center for Nephrology, Dialysis and transplantation (KAC-NDT), Cairo University. To fulfill the aim of this study a purposive sample of sixty adult male and female patients on maintenance hemodialysis for at least 6 months and not more than one year were assigned. Socio-demographic and medical data sheet, laboratory investigation assessment data sheet, pre/post knowledge assessment data sheet and adherence assessment data sheet were utilized for data collection. The study results revealed, the post total mean knowledge scores of the study subjects increased significantly in follow up assessment times  as compared to the pre-program assessment (X 2 =  186.332, P= 0.001). The post total mean adherence scores of the study subjects is increased significantly in follow up assessment times  as compared to the pre-program assessment ( X 2 = 34.587 , P= 0.001).  Frequent and repeated contacts with renal nurses can help these patients develop problem-solving skills, set goals, and understand their progress in managing multiple aspects of their disease. Individualization of the common educational approach by incorporating the patient’s beliefs, behaviors, and emotional and physical feelings as well as culture, economic situation, ability and knowledge of the disease and its treatment supports self- management. Key wards: chronic kidney disease, hemodialysis, knowledge, adherence, diet and fluid restrictions.
Bone metastases: When and how lung cancer interacts with bone (2014)

BONE METASTASIS IS A COMMON AND DEBILITATING CONSEQUENCE OF LUNG CANCER: 30%-40% of patients with non-small cell lung cancer develop bone metastases during the course of their disease. Lung cancer cells find a favorable soil in the bone microenvironment due to factors released by the bone matrix, the immune system cells, and the same cancer cells. Many aspects of the cross-talk among lung tumor cells, the immune system, and bone cells are not clear, but this review aims to summarize the recent findings in this field, with particular attention to studies conducted to identify biomarkers for early detection of lung cancer bone metastases.
Biomaterials: Genetically Engineered Peptides for Inorganics: Study of an Unconstrained Bacterial Display Technology and Bulk Aluminum Alloy (Adv. Mater. 33/2013) (2013)

New Capabilities in Genetically Engineered Peptides for Inorganics: A novel biomaterial discovery methodology utilizing an unconstrained bacterial display library is demonstrated by Dimitra Stratis-Cullum and co-workers on page 4585. Among the high affinity metal-oxide binding peptides discovered, the cover art depicts the most successful peptide, which is characterized by a highly helical structure and allows for preferential alignment of coordinating groups with the surface of an aluminum alloy. Artistic rendition created by Mr. Eric Proctor.
Genome-wide transcriptomic analysis of response to low temperature reveals candidate genes determining divergent cold-sensitivity of maize inbred lines (2014)

Maize, despite being thermophyllic due to its tropical origin, demonstrates high intraspecific diversity in cold-tolerance. To search for molecular mechanisms of this diversity, transcriptomic response to cold was studied in two inbred lines of contrasting cold-tolerance. Microarray analysis was followed by extensive statistical elaboration of data, literature data mining, and gene ontology-based classification. The lines used had been bred earlier specifically for determination of QTLs for cold-performance of photosynthesis. This allowed direct comparison of present transcriptomic data with the earlier QTL mapping results. Cold-treated (14 h at 8/6 °C) maize seedlings of cold-tolerant ETH-DH7 and cold-sensitive ETH-DL3 lines at V3 stage showed strong, consistent response of the third leaf transcriptome: several thousand probes showed similar, statistically significant change in both lines, while only tens responded differently in the two lines. The most striking difference between the responses of the two lines to cold was the induction of expression of ca. twenty genes encoding membrane/cell wall proteins exclusively in the cold-tolerant ETH-DH7 line. The common response comprised mainly repression of numerous genes related to photosynthesis and induction of genes related to basic biological activity: transcription, regulation of gene expression, protein phosphorylation, cell wall organization. Among the genes showing differential response, several were close to the QTL regions identified in earlier studies with the same inbred lines and associated with biometrical, physiological or biochemical parameters. These transcripts, including two apparently non-protein-coding ones, are particularly attractive candidates for future studies on mechanisms determining divergent cold-tolerance of inbred maize lines.
IoT Behavioral Monitoring via Network Traffic Analysis (2020)

Smart homes, enterprises, and cities are increasingly being equipped with a plethora of Internet of Things (IoT), ranging from smart-lights to security cameras. While IoT networks have the potential to benefit our lives, they create privacy and security challenges not seen with traditional IT networks. Due to the lack of visibility, operators of such smart environments are not often aware of their IoT assets, let alone whether each IoT device is functioning properly safe from cyber-attacks. This thesis is the culmination of our efforts to develop techniques to profile the network behavioral pattern of IoTs, automate IoT classification, deduce their operating context, and detect anomalous behavior indicative of cyber-attacks. We begin this thesis by surveying IoT ecosystem, while reviewing current approaches to vulnerability assessments, intrusion detection, and behavioral monitoring. For our first contribution, we collect traffic traces and characterize the network behavior of IoT devices via attributes from traffic patterns. We develop a robust machine learning-based inference engine trained with these attributes and demonstrate real-time classification of 28 IoT devices with over 99% accuracy. Our second contribution enhances the classification by reducing the cost of attribute extraction while also identifying IoT device states. Prototype implementation and evaluation demonstrate the ability of our supervised machine learning method to detect behavioral changes for five IoT devices. Our third and final contribution develops a modularized unsupervised inference engine that dynamically accommodates the addition of new IoT devices and/or updates to existing ones, without requiring system-wide retraining of the model. We demonstrate via experiments that our model can automatically detect attacks and firmware changes in ten IoT devices with over 94% accuracy.
Phosphorylation-Dependent Trafficking of GluR2-Containing AMPA Receptors in the Nucleus Accumbens Plays a Critical Role in the Reinstatement of Cocaine Seeking (2008)

A growing body of evidence indicates that enhanced AMPA-mediated glutamate transmission in the core of the nucleus accumbens is critically involved in cocaine priming-induced reinstatement of drug seeking, an animal model of relapse. However, the extent to which increased glutamate transmission in the other major subregion of the nucleus accumbens, the shell, contributes to the reinstatement of cocaine seeking remains unclear. In the present experiments, administration of the AMPA/kainate receptor antagonist CNQX (0, 0.03, or 0.3 mug) into either the core or the shell of the nucleus accumbens before a systemic cocaine priming injection (10 mg/kg, i.p.) dose-dependently attenuated the reinstatement of drug seeking. Cocaine priming-induced reinstatement of cocaine seeking also was associated with increases in GluR2-pSer880 in the nucleus accumbens shell. The phosphorylation of GluR2 by PKC at Ser880 plays an important role in the trafficking of GluR2-containing AMPA receptors from the plasma membrane. The current results showed that administration of a cell-permeable peptide that disrupts GluR2 trafficking (Pep2-EVKI) into either the accumbens core or shell attenuated cocaine-induced reinstatement of drug seeking. Together, these findings indicate that changes in AMPA receptor-mediated glutamate transmission in both the nucleus accumbens core and shell are necessary for the reinstatement of drug seeking induced by a priming injection of cocaine. The present results also demonstrate that the reinstatement of cocaine seeking is associated with increases in the phosphorylation-dependent trafficking of GluR2-containing AMPA receptors in the nucleus accumbens.
Twenty Years of Piaggio Direct Injection Research to Mass Produced Solution for Small 2T SI Engines (1998)

<div class="htmlview paragraph">The problems of Two-Stroke SI engines regarding high fuel consumption and unburned hydrocarbon emissions, both caused by the short circuiting of fresh homogeneous mixture during the scavenge process, are well-known. The progress of Piaggio since 1977 in state-of-art direct fuel injection systems, oriented to development of Hi-Tech solutions for 2T SI engines to overcome the above drawbacks, is analyzed.</div> <div class="htmlview paragraph">The analysis includes several streams of research ranging from conventional crankcase scavenged engines with direct solid mechanically controlled fuel injection to solutions with separate scavenging pump with electronically controlled injection units, and from low pressure injectors to air-assisted fuel injection with stratified charge.</div> <div class="htmlview paragraph">Each solution is examined with presentation of typical engine parameters and cost data. The solutions are finally compared using specific drivers related to brake mean effective pressure, brake specific fuel consumption and global energy conversion efficiency.</div> <div class="htmlview paragraph">An original methodology to compare different classes of engines is described and utilized to make the global evaluation easier through a multidimensional point of view.</div> <div class="htmlview paragraph">At the end, the leading philosophy beyond the apparently not well focused research strategy appears very clear. The Piaggio FAST (Fully Atomized Stratified Turbulence) solution, the first mass produced 2T SI engine for vehicle applications, is as the logical conclusion of the twenty years research.</div>
Memory Magnetic Imaging Defectoscopy (2012)

Abstract This paper presents downhole magnetic imaging defectoscopy (MID) in memory mode, its key principles, differences from other corrosion logging technologies, and some results of its application in oil wells. The MID technology is designed to check the integrity of magnetic and non-magnetic tubing and casing strings in oil and gas wells. It can be used to detect various defects, corrosion and mechanical wear, and to assess the quality of perforations. The MID tool contains two high-sensitivity sensors: a short generator/receiver coil and a long one with short relaxation times to analyse responses even at early times of 0.1 ms. The short coil generates a short, low-amplitude electromagnetic pulse and records a response from the first metal barrier, normally tubing, where as the long coil generates a long, high-amplitude electromagnetic pulse and records a signal travelling a much longer distance of up to 13 inches to record the total response from tubing and casing. Mathematical processing of these responses can determine the thicknesses of the first and second metal barriers. An independent power supply allows logging to be performed on slickline, which substantially reduces operating costs and enables the use of magnetic imaging defectoscopy for well monitoring to prevent leak and corrosion related incidents and thus increase environmental safety in the field. The wide use of memory magnetic imaging defectoscopy will substantially reduce the number of well incidents and expenses for remedial jobs.
Cyclosporin A increases expression of matrix metalloproteinase 9 and 2 and invasiveness in vitro of the first-trimester human trophoblast cells via the mitogen-activated protein kinase pathway (2007)

CsA improves the invasiveness and activity of MMP 9 and MMP 2 in vitro of the first-trimester human trophoblast cells through activation of mitogen-activated protein kinase/extracellular-signal related kinase (ERK) 1/2 signaling pathway, which suggests this drug has a favorable modulation on the function of human first-trimester trophoblast cells.
Image Rejection Low Noise Amplifier for WLAN 802.11a Application (2006)

This paper presents a novel low noise amplifier (LNA) topology with image rejection (IR), called IRLNA. It achieves a high IR ratio using on-chip inductors with low quality factor. Two IRLNAs based on a standard 0.18-/spl mu/m CMOS technology are designed with L- and /spl pi/- resonant network, respectively. They have the same power consumption of 8 mW with one 1.8 V power supply. At the signal frequency of 5.25 GHz in the band of WLAN 802.11a, and with the image frequency at 3.25GHz, the simulation results show that the IR ratios achieve 71dB for L-resonant network and 92dB for /spl pi/-resonant network with on-chip inductors, and their noise figures are 1.4 dB and 1.7 dB, respectively.
Calibration for increased accuracy of the range imaging camera SwissRanger (2006)

Range imaging is a new suitable choice for measurement and modeling in many different applications. But due to the technology’srelatively new appearance on the market with a few different realizations, the knowledge of its capabilities is very low. In most applications, like robotics and measurement systems, the accuracy wanted, lies at some millimeters. The raw data of range imaging cameras do not reach this level. Therefore, the calibration of the sensors output is needed. In this paper some of the parameters which influence the behavior and performance of the range imaging camera SwissRangerTM (provided by the Swiss Center for Electronics and Microtechnology - CSEM) are described. Because of the highly systematic structure and correlations between parameters and output data, a parameter based calibration approach is presented. This includes a photogrammetric camera calibration and a distance system calibration with respect to the reflectivity and the distance itself.
Towards high-throughput characterization of small molecule mechanisms of action (2006)

Drug discovery is hampered by the lack of general strategies to characterize the mechanisms of action and intracellular targets of bioactive small molecules. Genomics and proteomics promise to aid in this process. Genome-wide approaches in yeast have proven useful to infer the targets and target pathways of small molecules. These approaches are being systematically transferred into mammalian cell culture systems in order to interrogate more complex pathways in a more relevant setting. Advances in proteomics and in vivo genetic screening in multicellular model organism systems are also becoming increasingly powerful and amenable to high-throughput. Current methodologies and technologies are discussed, including how these global approaches complement affinity-based target identification strategies.
Reliability analysis of mobile robots (2004)

Failure data on mobile robots is critical for three reasons: to support the theory of autonomous fault detection, identification, and recovery necessary for success in new domains; provide design and manufacturing feedback to the robotics community; and permit project managers to accurately create development schedules. The failures considered in this paper occurred over a period of 2 years, in a variety of environments. Failure type and frequency data were collected from thirteen robots representing three manufacturers and seven models. The data was analyzed using standard manufacturing measures for the reliability of a product. The mean time between failures represents the average time to the next failure. Availability was used to gauge the impact of a failure on a project. The results show that the reliability for mobile robots is low, with an average MTBF of 8 hours and availability of less than 50%. The platform itself was the source of most failures (42%) for field robots, while the control system was responsible for 29% of the failures.
Natural Variation in a <i>Drosophila</i> Clock Gene and Temperature Compensation (1997)

The threonine-glycine (Thr-Gly) encoding repeat within the clock gene period of Drosophila melanogaster is polymorphic in length. The two major variants (Thr-Gly)17 and (Thr-Gly)20 are distributed as a highly significant latitudinal cline in Europe and North Africa. Thr-Gly length variation from both wild-caught and transgenic individuals is related to the flies' ability to maintain a circadian period at different temperatures. This phenomenon provides a selective explanation for the geographical distribution of Thr-Gly lengths and gives a rare glimpse of the interplay between molecular polymorphism, behavior, population biology, and natural selection.
Factors Contributing to Oxalate Deposits in the Myocardia of Hemodialysis Patients (1989)

Although the deposition of calcium oxalate crystals in the myocardium can be associated with significant morbidity and mortality in hemodialysis patients, the pathogenesis of this deposition is not known. The present study was undertaken in order to clarify the contributing factors in an experimental setting. A simple increase in plasma oxalate levels did not cause deposits in the heart, nor did elevated values of plasma ionized calcium appear to be important in chronic renal failure. Following heterotopic cardiac trans plantation, a much larger deposition of crystals was identified in the heart allograft that was histologically damaged by rejection. These findings suggest that the state of the local tissue is a very important factor in the deposition of oxalate crystals.
Facilitating transformations in a human genome project database (1994)

Human Genome Project databases present a confluence of interesting database challenges: rapid schema and data evolution, complex data entry and constraint management, and the need to integrate multiple data sources and software systems which range over a wide variety of models and formats. While these challenges are not necessarily unique to biological databases, their combination, intensity and complexity are unusual and make automated solutions imperative. We illustrate these problems in the context of the Philadelphia Genome Center for Human Chromosome 22, and describe a new approach to a solution for these problems, by means of a deductive language for expressing database transformations and constraints.
Uniformity Improvement in Carrier Concentration on 150 mm Diameter C-Face Epitaxial Growth of 4H-SiC (2015)

The guidelines necessary to improve the n -type doping uniformity on C-face epitaxial growth of 4 H -SiC have been examined as far as the practical throughput is maintained, e.g. 3×150 mm wafers with the growth rate higher than 20 μm/h. The flow-channel enlargement was carried out and the effect was estimated by temperature distribution estimation performed by hydrogen etching. Also, effective C/Si was simulated with the temperature distribution obtained from the hydrogen etching experiments. As a result, positional agreement was found between the region where carrier concentration begins to increase and the drastic drop in temperature and the effective C/Si ratio.
Effects of trichothecene mycotoxins on eukaryotic cells: A review (2005)

The major products of the trichothecene mycotoxin biosynthetic pathway produced in a species- and sometimes isolate-specific manner by cereal-pathogenic Fusarium fungi include T-2 toxin, diacetoxyscirpenol, deoxynivalenol and nivalenol. This paper briefly reviews the major effects of such trichothecenes on the gross morphology, cytology and molecular signalling within eukaryotic cells. The gross toxic effects of select trichothecenes on animals include growth retardation, reduced ovarian function and reproductive disorders, immuno-compromization, feed refusal and vomiting. The phytotoxic effects of deoxynivalenol on plants can be summarized as growth retardation, inhibition of seedling and green plant regeneration. Trichothecenes are now recognized as having multiple inhibitory effects on eukaryote cells, including inhibition of protein, DNA and RNA synthesis, inhibition of mitochondrial function, effects on cell division and membrane effects. In animal cells, they induce apoptosis, a programmed cell death response. Current knowledge about the eukaryotic signal transduction cascades and downstream gene products activated by trichothecenes is limited, especially in plants. In mammalian cells, certain trichothecenes trigger a ribotoxic stress response and activate mitogen-activated protein kinases. DON mediates the inflammatory response by modulating the binding activities of specific transcription factors and subsequently inducing cytokine gene expression. Several genes are up-regulated in wheat in response to trichothecene mycotoxins; the significance, if any, of these genes in the host response to trichothecenes has yet to be elucidated.
Pixel detector readout electronics with two-level discriminator scheme (1998)

In preparation for a silicon pixel detector with more than 3000 readout channels per chip for operation at the future large hadron collider (LHC) at CERN the analog frontend of the readout electronics has been designed and measured on several test-arrays with 16 by 4 cells. They are implemented in the HP 0.81 /spl mu/m process but compatible with the design rules of the radiation hard Honeywell 0.8 /spl mu/m bulk process. Each cell contains bump bonding pad, preamplifier, discriminator and control logic for masking and testing within a layout area of only 50 /spl mu/m by 140 /spl mu/m. A new two-level discriminator scheme has been implemented to cope with the problems of time-walk and interpixel cross-coupling. The measured gain of the preamplifier is 900 mV for a minimum ionizing particle (MIP, about 24000 e/sup -/ for a 300 /spl mu/m thick Si-detector) with a return to baseline within 750 ns for a 1MIP input signal. The full readout chain (without detector) shows an equivalent noise charge of 60 e/sup $/r.m.s. The time-walk, a function of the separation between the two threshold levels, is measured to be 22 ns at a separation of 1500 e/sup -/, which is adequate for the 40 MHz beam-crossing frequency at the LHC. The interpixel cross-coupling, measured with a 40 fF coupling capacitance, is less than 3%. A single cell consumes 35 /spl mu/W at 3.5 V supply voltage.