gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Cross-Linking of the Mannose Receptor on Monocyte-Derived Dendritic Cells Activates an Anti-Inflammatory Immunosuppressive Program (2003)

Immature monocyte-derived dendritic cells (DC) strongly express the endocytic mannose receptor (MR). Addition of a specific anti-MR mAb (clone PAM-1) for 24 h to cultures of immature DC induced phenotypical and functional maturation of the cells, assessed as up-regulation of costimulatory molecules and CD83, and chemotactic response to CCL19. A different isotype-matched anti-MR mAb (clone 19.2) had no significant effect. Engagement of MR with mAb PAM-1 induced the production of the anti-inflammatory cytokines IL-10, IL-1R antagonist, and of the nonsignaling IL-1R type II. In contrast IL-1beta, TNF, and IL-12 were not produced. PAM-1-treated DC were unable to polarize Th1 effector cells and did not secrete the chemokines CXCL10 and CCL19; in turn, they produced large amounts of CCL22 and CCL17, thus favoring the amplification of Th2 circuits. T cells cocultured with PAM-1-matured DC initially proliferated but later became anergic and behaved as suppressor/regulatory cells. Natural ligands binding to MR had differential effects. MUC III (a partially purified mucin), biglycan (a purified complex proteoglycan), and mannosylated lipoarabinomannan from Mycobacterium tuberculosis affected cytokine production with high IL-10, IL-1R antagonist, IL-1R type II, and inhibition of IL-12. In contrast, mannan, dextran, and thyroglobulin had no significant effect. In conclusion, the appropriate engagement of the MR by mAb PAM-1 and selected natural ligands elicit a secretory program in mono-derived DC characterized by a distinct profile of cytokines/chemokines with the ability to dampen inflammation and to inhibit the generation of Th1-polarized immune responses.
Using Online Texts to Build Independent Readers in ESL Classrooms (2021)

Studies with proficient users of English suggest that readers demonstrate deeper comprehension of texts when reading non-linear hypertexts than when reading linear texts. This is attributed to the networked nature of texts that helps readers exercise cognitive flexibility. An aspect that remains largely unresearched is the potential of linear online texts to facilitate comprehension in readers who are non-proficient users of English. Keeping in mind the fact that a majority of readers reading online texts in English can be hindered by three types of comprehension deficits – low levels of language proficiency, non-availability of prior knowledge, or both – this study investigated the interactive effects of two salient features of online texts, viz., non-linearity in the presentation of text and the availability of additional sources of information, on the reading comprehension of ESL readers. Two groups of readers with high and low levels of English proficiency read twelve texts on familiar and unfamiliar topics in print, linear online, and non-linear online modes. A comparison of readers’ responses to comprehension questions and free recalls showed that those with low linguistic competence and/or topic familiarity were able to achieve better comprehension of linear online texts than print texts or non-linear online texts. The findings indicate that text linearity when combined with the presence of multiple information resources (both provided by the author within the text and freely available on the internet) might have the potential to scaffold linguistic and content knowledge deficits in ESL readers and promote deep levels of comprehension.
A Context-Aware Content-Provision Service Based on a Ubiquitous Service-Oriented Network Framework (2006)

As emerging technologies are being developed, a ubiquitous computing environment will be established in the near future. Researches on service provisions for users over the ubiquitous computing environment have been started. The implementation method of an actual service, based on our proposed service-provision framework, is described in this paper. The service is a context-aware content-provision service. Through the implementation experience of the service, three issues are reported in this paper that are generally important for services in a ubiquitous computing environment. The first issue is that there is a difficulty in handling information in the community in ubiquitous computing environments unlike traditional Internet-based communities. The second issue is that the context-handling mechanism is important in ubiquitous computing environments. The third issue is that the system designer must consider the dynamic device-allocation facilities in the system.
Concentration Dependence of Emission Properties of Tm3+-Doped Tellurite Glasses in Telecommunication Wavelength Region. (2002)

Concentration dependence of emission properties and lifetimes of Tm3+ doped tellurite glasses in telecommunication wavelength region were investigated. According to Judd-Ofelt analysis, it was clarified that the quantum efficiency of 1.46μm in Tm3+-doped tellurite glasses was almost equal to that in fluoride glasses, which were used as host materials for Tm3+-doped fiber amplifiers (TDFA). The emission intensity ratio of the 1.80μm band to the 1.46μm band increased with increasing Tm3+ content. Moreover, the lifetimes of the 3H4 level decreased rapidly with increasing Tm3+ content. These results show that tellurite glass is useful as host materials of TDFA and in order to achieve a high quantum efficiency of 1.46μm emission in tellurite glasses, the concentration of Tm3+ should be low so that cross relaxation can be suppressed.
Proximity Detection with RFID: A Step Toward the Internet of Things (2015)

In the Internet of Things (IoT), things will be able to sense, communicate, and interact. They will also exchange data and information and locate themselves and other things that surround them. To interact, the things must recognize that they're in proximity of other things. It's anticipated that a widespread component of the IoT will be passive RFID tags, because they're inexpensive and provide automatic identification. However, passive RFID tags can't perform complex operations, such as proximity detection and localization. In this article, the authors describe existing problems with current RFID systems and survey potential solutions for proximity detection. They then present a new RFID device, called "Sense-a-Tag" (ST), that can passively detect and decode backscatter signals from tags in its proximity. The authors show that when STs are added to a standard RFID system, the problems of proximity detection in the IoT with RFID tags can readily be resolved. They demonstrate the feasibility of an ST-based RFID system through proximity detection experiments.
Efficient user-space protocol implementations with QoS guarantees using real-time upcalls (1998)

Two important requirements for protocol implementations to be able to provide quality of service (QoS) guarantees within the endsystem are: (1) efficient processor scheduling for application and protocol processing and (2) efficient mechanisms for data movement. Scheduling is needed to guarantee that the application and protocol tasks involved in processing each stream execute in a timely manner and obtain their required share of the CPU. We have designed and implemented an operating system (OS) mechanism called the real-time upcall (RTU) to provide such guarantees to applications. The RTU mechanism provides a simple real-time concurrency model and has minimal overheads for concurrency control and context switching compared to thread-based approaches. To demonstrate its efficacy, we have built RTU-based transmission control protocol (TCP) and user datagram protocol (UDP) protocol implementations that combine high efficiency with guaranteed performance. For efficient data movement, we have implemented a number of techniques such as: (1) direct movement of data between the application and the network adapter; (2) batching of input-output (I/O) operations to reduce context switches; and (3) header-data splitting at the receiver to keep bulk data page aligned. Our RTU-based user-space TCP/Internet protocol (TCP/IP) implementation provides bandwidth guarantees for bulk data connections even with real-time and "best-effort" load competing for CPU on the endsystem. Maximum achievable throughput is higher than the NetBSD kernel implementation due to efficient data movement. Sporadic and small messages with low delay requirements are also supported using reactive RTUs that are scheduled with very low delay. We believe that ours is the first solution that combines good data path performance with application-level bandwidth and delay guarantees for standard protocols and OSs.
Monodisperse porous polymer particles: Formation of the porous structure (1992)

Abstract Monodisperse porous styrene‐divinylbenzene copolymer particles were prepared via seeded emulsion polymerization using a mixture of linear polymer (polystyrene seed) and non‐solvent as inert diluent. Experimental evidence was presented to describe the mechanism of formation of porous polymer particles during the copolymerization and solvent extraction stages, in which porosity was a consequence of phase separation in the presence of diluents. Pore structure formation was investigated by changes in copolymerization kinetics, gel content, crosslinking density, particle morphology, surface area, pore volume, and pore size distribution. The process of copolymerization was presented, based on the concepts of production, agglomeration, and fixation of the interior gel microspheres of polymer particles. A portion of linear polymer used as diluent was found to participate in the network structure while the porous matrix was built‐up. The influence of the removal of the linear polymer from the matrix pores during the solvent extraction process on the porous structure was also discussed.
High filler loading technique and its effects on the reliability of epoxy molding compound (2002)

A high filler loading technique was evaluated using the simplified packing model proposed by Ouchiyama and Tanaka (Ind. Eng. Chem. Fundam., vol. 23, p. 490, 1984; ibid., vol. 25, p. 125, 1986) and its effect on the reliability of epoxy molding compound (EMC) was investigated. Maximum packing fraction, /spl phi//sub m/, with the mixing ratio for ternary spherical filler systems was calculated, and it was found that the effect of macropores, which could exist in systems with more than 3 components of different filler size, should be considered in the calculation of /spl phi//sub m/ in a given filler system. Based on the calculations, very low minimum melt viscosity of about 200 poise could be obtained in EMC filled with 85 vol.% of silica. As the amount of filler in EMC was increased, several properties such as coefficient of thermal expansion, moisture absorption and strength were improved. However, the adhesive strength to an alloy 42 leadframe decreased with increasing filler content. Adhesive strength was more rapidly decreased with moisture absorption. From analysis of the interface between EMC and leadframe with X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, the principal adhesive mechanism was thought to be the hydrogen bond and thus the decrease in adhesion was attributed to hydrogen bond failure due to absorbed water. The higher adhesive strength of low level silica-filled EMC could be explained by the low viscosity and the short intermolecular spacing with the leadframe.
Chemical Development of Latent Fingerprints: 1,2-Indanedione Has Come of Age (2001)

The performance of 1,2-indanedione as a latent fingerprint reagent on some types of paper was found to exceed that of DFO, the leading fluorogenic fingerprint reagent. It even exceeds the performance of the sequence, DFO, followed by ninhydrin. No new prints could be observed when ninhydrin was applied after indanedione. On a large number of actual exhibits (used checks) indanedione developed 46% more identifiable prints than the sequence DFO-ninhydrin. A standard procedure for fingerprint development by indanedione is proposed. Best results are obtained with a 0.2% indanedione solution in HFE7100 solvent containing 7% ethyl acetate, but no acetic acid. It can be recommended to start using 1,2-indanedione, which is already commercially available, in actual fingerprint casework.
Pannexin1 is part of the pore forming unit of the P2X<sub>7</sub> receptor death complex (2007)

The purinergic receptor P2X(7) is part of a complex signaling mechanism participating in a variety of physiological and pathological processes. Depending on the activation scheme, P2X(7) receptors in vivo are non-selective cation channels or form large pores that can mediate apoptotic cell death. Expression of P2X(7)R in Xenopus oocytes results exclusively in formation of a non-selective cation channel. However, here we show that co-expression of P2X(7)R with pannexin1 in oocytes leads to the complex response seen in many mammalian cells, including cell death with prolonged ATP application. While the cation channel activity is resistant to carbenoxolone treatment, this gap junction and hemichannel blocking drug suppressed the currents induced by ATP in pannexin1/P2X(7)R co-expressing cells. Thus, pannexin1 appears to be the molecular substrate for the permeabilization pore (or death receptor channel) recruited into the P2X(7)R signaling complex.
Severe protein C deficiency predicts early death in severe sepsis (2004)

The rate and cause of death for patients with severe sepsis differs during the 28-day postdiagnosis period. Severe protein C deficiency (<40% of the level of protein C in pooled normal human plasma) and high interleukin-6 levels were associated with early death that resulted predominantly from refractory shock and multiple organ dysfunction.
Fast and Lightweight Execution Time Predictions for Spark Applications (2019)

Users and operators of cloud-based Spark clusters often require quick insights on how the execution time of an application is likely to be impacted by the resources allocated to the application, e.g., the number of Spark executor cores assigned, and the size of the data to be processed. Existing techniques typically require extensive prior executions of the application under various resource allocation settings and data sizes to obtain an accurate model. In this paper, we explore the accuracy of a model with less prior executions of the application. Such a model can be useful for situations where quick predictions are required and little cluster resources are available for building a model. We use logs from two executions of an application with small sample data and different resource settings and explore the accuracy of the predictions for other resource allocation settings and input data sizes.
Social Tags: Meaning and Suggestions (2008)

This paper aims to quantify two common assumptions about social tagging: (1) \nthat tags are ``meaningful" and (2) that the tagging process is influenced by \ntag suggestions. For (1), we analyze the semantic properties of tags and the \nrelationship between the tags and the content of the tagged page. Our analysis \nis based on a corpus of search keywords, contents, titles, and tags applied to \nseveral thousand popular Web pages. Among other results, we find that the more \npopular tags of a page tend to be the more meaningful ones. For (2), we develop \na model of how the influence of tag suggestions can be measured. From a user \nstudy with over 4,000 participants, we conclude that roughly one third of the \ntag applications may be induced by the suggestions. Our results would be of \ninterest for designers of social tagging systems and are a step towards \nunderstanding how to best leverage social tags for applications such as search \nand information extraction.
High resolution optical ranging system (1981)

An optical ranging system which can see through opaque material has been demonstrated. It uses picosecond pulses, generated in a mode-locked dye laser for viewing and, as a very fast gate, a second frequency offset pulse train with a variable delay at the detector. The system could detect a reflection from a mirror inside an opaque mixture with 64-dB round-trip loss and with 1.7-mm range resolution. Transverse resolution of 0.1 mm was also observed. With certain obvious changes in instrumentation this could be converted into a scanning device. The present depth of penetration (round-trip attenuation) would correspond to 0.67 cm in human tissue.
Flow visualization of Dean vortices in a curved channel with 40 to 1 aspect ratio (1988)

Results from a flow visualization study of Dean vortex flow are presented. These were obtained over a range of Dean numbers from 40 to 220 using a transparent channel with mild curvature, an aspect ratio of 40 to 1, and an inner to outer radius ratio of 0.979. Observations and photographs show evidence of pairs of counter-rotating Dean vortices indicated by mushroom-shaped smoke patterns for Dean numbers greater than 64 and angular positions at least 85° from the start of curvature. Photographs showing nonsymmetric Dean vortices with rocking motion are presented and believed to be evidence of a twisting mode of oscillations. Dean vortices with oscillations mostly in the radial direction are also observed, which are believed to strongly depend on the small amplitude disturbances that trigger initial vortex development. Photographic evidence of small secondary vortex pairs, and vortices with simultaneous radial and spanwise oscillations are also given along with a domain map showing the experimental conditions for different types of vortex behavior.
Rapid LEED evaluation performed with BIM based sustainability analysis on a virtual construction project (2015)

Purpose – The purpose of this study is to examine the feasibility of using 3D simulation transfer processes to streamline the environmental assessment of buildings that have been designed digitally using building information modelling (BIM). The case study presented relates to a competition (“Build Qatar Live”) in which one of the winning team’s objectives was to create a smart process for assessing the design against the Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design (LEED) criteria. The experience indicated that a rapid, concurrent and efficient LEED evaluation was possible within the BIM process. The study presents technological approaches that can be adopted within the BIM environment to simplify the environmental assessments and embrace practices that reduce environmental and ecological impacts. Design/methodology/approach – The methodology encompassed an overview of how rapid high-value data exchange occurs within BIM to achieve a sustainable building design as part of an international design competition. Achieving a LEED rating through sustainable design was a key requirement of the competition. Findings – The findings of this case study has revealed that key credits in LEED can be integrated within the BIM design process. Therefore, tackling such important environmental design issues in parallel to building design and providing key information on building elements needed to meet the sustainability criteria. Originality/value – This research highlights the benefits of streamlined, architectural and data software exchange through applying data interoperability of a building design; thus, skipping conventional 2D building and conventional documentation for environmental and energy designs simulations needed for LEED certifications and general low carbon design.
Polymyxins and Their Potential Next Generation as Therapeutic Antibiotics (2019)

The discovery of polymyxins, highly basic lipodecapeptides, was published independently by three laboratories in 1947. Their clinical use, however, was abandoned in the sixties because of nephrotoxicity and because better-tolerated drugs belonging to other antibiotic classes were discovered. Now polymyxins have resurged as the last-resort drugs against extremely multi-resistant strains, even though their nephrotoxicity forces clinicians to administer them at doses that are lower than those required for optimal efficacy. As their therapeutic windows are very narrow, the use of polymyxins has received lots of justified criticism. To address this criticism, consensus guidelines for the optimal use of polymyxins have just been published. Quite obviously, too, improved polymyxins with increased efficacy and lowered nephrotoxicity would be more than welcome. Over the last few years, more than USD 40 million of public money has been used in programs that aim at the design of novel polymyxin derivatives. This perspective article points out that polymyxins do have potential for further development and that the novel derivatives already now at hand might offer major advantages over the old polymyxins.
A Novel AT-Rich DNA Binding Protein That Combines an HMG I-Like DNA Binding Domain with a Putative Transcription Domain (1994)

Gabrielle Tjaden, Gloria M. Coruzzi, A Novel AT-Rich DNA Binding Protein That Combines an HMG I-Like DNA Binding Domain with a Putative Transcription Domain, The Plant Cell, Vol. 6, No. 1 (Jan., 1994), pp. 107-118
A Novel Energy Trading Framework Using Adapted Blockchain Technology (2020)

Microgrid planning philosophies are changing from islanding in the case of abnormal conditions to independent sustainability for constant secure, reliable operation. Large independent operators foresee a shift from gigantic-grid bulk generation and transmission to distributed generation (DG) from smaller, interlinked grid clusters. Customers and the community will benefit, but system operators and utilities will face challenges. Introduced to enhance electricity exchange and the energy market structure in such grids, transactive energy networks favor customers and DG owners, establish a utility business model, and enable power system innovation. Planners are also increasingly interested in blockchains for secure transactions. Blockchain-based transactive energy markets promise flexibility, transparency, security, competition, and superlative low-cost reliability, offering ideal energy-trading solutions in isolated microgrids and distribution-level markets. This article presents the development and case-study validation of a comprehensive transactive energy market framework with linked blockchain and power system layers, a novel market structure based on an end-user marginal price, and an adapted blockchain that fits intrinsic power system requirements. A new slot-ahead electricity market model is established through integration with the modified blockchain. With blockchain operation, monetary funds are managed equitably so that wallet billing rates for customers, utilities, and DG owners match broadcast smart-meter data.
Photonic Rubber Sheets with Tunable Color by Elastic Deformation (2005)

This article describes an elastic silicone sheet with reversible tuning structural color. The sheet has a thin layer of cubic close-packed, ccp, colloidal particles embedded in poly(dimethylsiloxane), PDMS, elastomer. The array of ccp (111) planes diffracts light of selective wavelengths according to Bragg's law. This is responsible for the structural color of the PDMS sheet. Because the sheet was stretched in the horizontal direction, it was reduced in size in the vertical direction. As a result, the lattice distance of ccp (111) planes decreased, and the reflected wavelength of light shifted to shorter wavelengths. For example, the peak of reflection was tuned from 589 to 563 nm as a function of sheet elongation. The peak position decreased linearly with deformation when the deformation was within 20% of its elongation. Accordingly, the color of the PDMS sheet changed from red to green. When the mechanical strain on the PDMS sheet was released, the peak returned to its original position, and the color of the PDMS sheet also changed back to red. Tuning the color of the PDMS sheet is a reversible and repeatable process. The novel PDMS sheet has the potential to be applied to mechanical strain sensing.