gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Reversal of the Antiviral Activity of Tunicamycin by Lipids (1978)

The inhibitory activity of tunicamycin against Newcastle disease virus multiplication was partially reversed by lipids. Phosphatidylcholine, lauric acid and monoglyceride of lauric acid showed the most significant recovering activities among all the tested. But the recovering activity was not observed when tunicamycin was added at a concentration 12-fold greater than the minimal inhibitory concentration. The synergistic effect of phosphatidylcholine and N-acetyl-d-glucosamine in the recovery indicates different mechanisms of recovery by the two compounds. Recovery of virus multiplication by lipids was suggested to be caused by incorporation of tunicamycin into lipid micelle and decrease of available tunicamycin in the medium.
Iota-Carrageenan Is a Potent Inhibitor of Influenza A Virus Infection (2010)

The 2009 flu pandemic and the appearance of oseltamivir-resistant H1N1 influenza strains highlight the need for treatment alternatives. One such option is the creation of a protective physical barrier in the nasal cavity. In vitro tests demonstrated that iota-carrageenan is a potent inhibitor of influenza A virus infection, most importantly also of pandemic H1N1/2009 in vitro. Consequently, we tested a commercially available nasal spray containing iota-carrageenan in an influenza A mouse infection model. Treatment of mice infected with a lethal dose of influenza A PR8/34 H1N1 virus with iota-carrageenan starting up to 48 hours post infection resulted in a strong protection of mice similar to mice treated with oseltamivir. Since alternative treatment options for influenza are rare, we conclude that the nasal spray containing iota-carrageenan is an alternative to neuraminidase inhibitors and should be tested for prevention and treatment of influenza A in clinical trials in humans.
Novel Design Technique For Extending Operating Range Of Axially Compliant Scrolls (2002)

A scroll compressor displacement is often limited by the maximum attainable height of a scroll compressor wrap.This occurs, as the wrap height cannot exceed a certain threshold value without compromising axial stability.Axial stability also limits the scroll compressor operating envelope.Loss of axial stability leads to degradation of compressor performance due to internal leakage.New design technique improves axial stability by maximizing pressure in a back chamber that is located behind the axially compliant scroll element.In the conventional arrangement, the back chamber pressure is controlled by a vent hole machined through an orbiting or fixed scroll floor, while the new technique relies on the vent hole machined through the scroll wrap.Additional indentations are placed on the floor of the opposing scroll to time the opening and closing of the vent hole to maximize the back chamber pressure.Design features, including photographs of scroll wraps using the standard and new vent hole arrangement are shown.Analysis to estimate the benefits of applying the new design technique is also presented. NOMENCLATUREA bc -back chamber area B -distance from bearing to scroll floor F tg -tangential gas force P s -suction pressure F ax -axial gas force P bc -back chamber pressure F bc -back chamber force P d -discharge pressure L ov -overturning distance P int -intermediate pocket pressure H -wrap height R ov -distance from center to contact point -crank angle
Compact THz-source based on femtosecond Ti:Sapphire laser and intracavity photoconductive emitter (2003)

By integration of a semiconductor mirror into a chirped mirror based Ti:Sapphire oscillator a very compact pulsed Terahertz source is demonstrated. Terahertz radiation is generated by a transient photocurrent in a LT-GaAs layer grown on a semiconductor saturable absorber mirror. This technique allows the manufacturing of ultra-stable, small-size (600 x 200 mm) and self-starting THz systems pushing forward the usability and availability for commercial pulsed Terahertz sources. The Terahertz spectrum goes up to 3 THz and average output power of about 7 μW is achieved.
Multichannel End-to-end Speech Recognition (2017)

The field of speech recognition is in the midst of a paradigm shift: end-to-end neural networks are challenging the dominance of hidden Markov models as a core technology. Using an attention mechanism in a recurrent encoder-decoder architecture solves the dynamic time alignment problem, allowing joint end-to-end training of the acoustic and language modeling components. In this paper we extend the end-to-end framework to encompass microphone array signal processing for noise suppression and speech enhancement within the acoustic encoding network. This allows the beamforming components to be optimized jointly within the recognition architecture to improve the end-to-end speech recognition objective. Experiments on the noisy speech benchmarks (CHiME-4 and AMI) show that our multichannel end-to-end system outperformed the attention-based baseline with input from a conventional adaptive beamformer.
Disco (1997)

In this article we examine the problem of extending modern operating systems to run efficiently on large-scale shared-memory multiprocessors without a large implementation effort. Our approach brings back an idea popular in the 1970s: virtual machine monitors. We use virtual machines to run multiple commodity operating systems on a scalable multiprocessor. This solution addresses many of the challenges facing the system software for these machines. We demonstrate our approach with a prototype called Disco that runs multiple copies of Silicon Graphics' IRIX operating system on a multiprocessor. Our experience shows that the overheads of the monitor are small and that the approach provides scalability as well as the ability to deal with the nonuniform memory access time of these systems. To reduce the memory overheads associated with running multiple operating systems, virtual machines transparently share major data structures such as the program code and the file system buffer cache. We use the distributed-system support of modern operating systems to export a partial single system image to the users. The overall solution achieves most of the benefits of operating systems customized for scalable multiprocessors, yet it can be achieved with a significantly smaller implementation effort.
Quantifying copy number variations in cell-free DNA for potential clinical utility from a large prostate cancer cohort. (2013)

5072 Background: Prostate cancer (PrCa) is the most frequent non-dermatological malignancy in the male population. Genomic instability resulting in copy number variation (CNV) is a hallmark of malignant transformation. CNV traces from tumors in cell-free DNA (cfDNA) of prostate cancer patients may be identified through massive parallel sequencing (MPS) of serum DNA. These CNV traces may be biomarkers of cancer with clinical applications for screening and follow-up. Methods: DNA was extracted from serum of 205 PrCa patients (Gleason 2 to10), 207 age matched male controls (HC), 10 men with benign hyperplasia (BPH) and 10 with prostatitis (PiS). DNA was amplified using random primers, tagged with a unique molecular identifier per sample, sequenced on a SOLiD system and aligned to the human genome (Build 37). Hits were counted in sliding 100kbp intervals and normalized. Using a random-resampling procedure, genomic regions showing copy number variations in cfDNA that distinguish PrCa from HC were selected. A model using 20 cfDNA regions was cross-validated and used as cfDNA biomarker. Receiver operator characteristics (ROC) curves were calculated for assessment of diagnostic performance by means of area under the curve (AUC). Results: To assess whether CNVs in cfDNA are indicative of PrCa, the number of regions with significant CNV deviation was counted in a first subset of 82 PrCa. Using only the number of regions as measure resulted in an AUC of 0.81 (0.7 – 0.9, p<0.001). Therefore, all samples were used to select regions (n=80) in random resampling (50/50). These regions were used to define a highly significant 20-regions model using five rounds of 10-fold cross-validation (AUC: 0.85±0.7; p< 10 -7 ). This final model discriminated between PrCa and HC with an AUC of 0.92 (0.87 – 0.95) reaching a calculated accuracy of 83%. Both BPH and PiS could be distinguished from PrCa using the cfDNA CNV biomarker with a predicted accuracy of 90%. Conclusions: MPS revealed that only a limited number of chromosomal regions showing CNVs are necessary to achieve statistical separation between prostate cancer and controls. This technique may prove to be clinically useful for screening and follow up of men with prostate cancer.
Mixing Does the Magic: A Rapid Synthesis of High Surface Area Noble Metal Nanosponges Showing Broadband Nonlinear Optical Response (2010)

Here we report an instantaneous formation of high surface area metal nanosponges through a one-step inexpensive method in a completely green solvent, water. Merely by optimizing the concentration of the precursors and the reducing agent, we were able to generate a three-dimensional porous structure made up of nanowire networks. This is a general process, involves a simple, room temperature reduction of metal salts with sodium borohydride, and is therefore scalable to any amount. Further, these nanoporous metals because of their network structures show optical limiting behavior of a true broadband nature that would find applications in optoelectronic nanodevices.
Highly selective ethenolysis with acyclic-aminooxycarbene ruthenium catalysts (2021)

Acyclic carbene–ruthenium catalysts were developed for the ethenolysis. Remarkable catalytic efficiency (turnover numbers of 100 000) and excellent α-olefin selectivity (up to 98%) were exhibited.
Author response: Small molecule proteostasis regulators that reprogram the ER to reduce extracellular protein aggregation (2016)

Newly made proteins must be folded into specific three-dimensional shapes before they can perform their roles in cells. Many proteins are folded in a compartment called the endoplasmic reticulum before being transported to their final location. However, if a cell suddenly needs to make a large number of new proteins, it can overwhelm the endoplasmic reticulum and unfolded proteins may accumulate. The cell responds to this stress by activating the unfolded protein response, which increases the folding capacity of the endoplasmic reticulum to match the demand. However, if the stress persists, then the unfolded protein response instructs the cell to die to protect the rest of the body. A protein called ATF6 is involved in one branch of the unfolded protein response. Endoplasmic reticulum stress causes ATF6 to move from the endoplasmic reticulum to another cell compartment where certain enzymes are able to cut the protein. A fragment of ATF6 then moves to the nucleus of the cell to activate genes needed to increase the cell’s capacity to fold proteins. Errors in protein folding can cause serious diseases in humans and other animals. Drugs that target ATF6 might be able to regulate part of the unfolded protein response to treat these diseases. However, no drugs that act on ATF6 had been identified. Now, two groups of researchers have independently identified small molecules that specifically target ATF6. Plate et al. used a new approach to screen over 600,000 small molecules and identified a small number that could activate ATF6-regulated genes without inducing global endoplasmic reticulum stress. Further experiments tested whether any of these ATF6 drug candidates could prevent the release of incorrectly folded versions of two particular proteins from cells that are associated with types of amyloid disease in humans. One of the small molecules tested effectively reduced the release of these proteins and prevented harmful deposits of the proteins forming in the spaces surrounding cells. In an independent study, Gallagher et al. identified a type of small molecule that can inhibit the activity of ATF6. Together, these findings may lead to further development of new drugs for treating diseases associated with incorrect protein folding in the endoplasmic reticulum.
Thesaurus (2020)

In this paper, we identify a previously untapped source of compressibility in cache working sets: clusters of cachelines that are similar, but not identical, to one another. To compress the cache, we can then store the "clusteroid" of each cluster together with the (much smaller) "diffs" needed to reconstruct the rest of the cluster. To exploit this opportunity, we propose a hardware-level on-line cacheline clustering mechanism based on locality-sensitive hashing. Our method dynamically forms clusters as they appear in the data access stream and retires them as they disappear from the cache. Our evaluations show that we achieve 2.25× compression on average (and up to 9.9×) on SPEC~CPU~2017 suite and is significantly higher than prior proposals scaled to an iso-silicon budget.
Cyclic acetal derivatives of mitomycin C. (1990)

It intrigued us to see what effect two heteroatoms in a cyclic acetal form would have on antitumor activity. In this communication we report the synthesis of such derivatives and their rather remarkable antitumor activity
Multi-Stage Satellite Phase and Code Bias Estimation (2012)

Precise point positioning with satellite navigation signals requires knowledge of satellite code and phase biases. In this paper, a new multi-stage method is proposed for estimating of these biases using measurements from a geodetic network. The method first subtracts all available a priori knowledge on orbits, satellite clocks and multipath from the measurements to reduce their dynamics. Secondly, satellite phase biases, ionospheric delays, carrier phase integer ambiguities and the geometry combining all non-dispersive parameters are jointly estimated in a Kalman filter. Finally, the a posteriori geometry estimates are refined in a second Kalman filter for the computation of orbital errors, code biases and tropospheric delays. As the first Kalman filter introduces time correlation, a generalized Kalman filter for colored measurement noise is applied in the second stage. The proposed algorithm is applied to dual frequency GPS measurements from a local geodetic network in Germany. A remarkable bias stability with variations of less than 3 cm over 4 hours is observed.
Saturated 132?nm high-repetition-rate laser in nickellike cadmium (2005)

We report gain-saturated operation of a 13.2 nm table-top laser in Ni-like Cd at a 5 Hz repetition rate. A gain-length product G x L = 17.6 was obtained by heating a precreated plasma with 8 ps duration Ti:sapphire laser pulses with an energy of only 1 J impinging at a grazing angle of 23 degrees. With an average power of approximately 1 muW [corrected] this laser is an attractive coherent source for at-wavelength metrology of extreme UV lithography optics and other applications.
Analysis Of Two Generic Wiener Filtering Concepts For Binaural Speech Enhancement In Hearing Aids (2010)

Publication in the conference proceedings of EUSIPCO, Aalborg, Denmark, 2010
A preliminary investigation of the potential of phase contrast x-ray imaging in the field of homeland security (2008)

A novel technique based on coded apertures which makes x-ray phase contrast imaging (XPCi) feasible with conventional sources has been recently developed at University College London. This technique is expected to enable for the first time real-world applications of XPCi in fields as diverse as medical, biological and scientific imaging, industrial inspections and security scans.
A 300 THz tabletop radar range system with sub-micron distance accuracy (2018)

We are presenting a compact radar range system with a scale factor of 10<sup>5</sup>. Replacing the radio frequency (RF) by optical wavelength (300 THz), the system easily fit on a tabletop. We used interferometric time-of-flight to reproduce radar ranging measurements. Sub-micron range accuracy was achieved with a 100 fs laser pulse, which correspond to 3 cm for a s-band (3 GHz) radar. We demonstrated the system potential on a simple target, and compared the results with radio frequency measurement using a vector network analyzer. We also present measurement with a more realistic model, a 3D printed reproduction of the USS Arizona battleship, for which a 3D model is extracted from the ranging data. Together with our previous demonstration of radar cross section measurement with a similar system, this report further validates our proposal to use optics to simulate radar properties of complex radio frequency systems.
Recycling Process for Sinter-Active U3O8 Powders (2010)

The effect of the oxidation temperature of UO2 pellets on the powder properties of oxidized U3O8 powders has been investigated. The powder morphology, crystalline size, and BET surface area of recycled U3O8 could be modified by controlling the oxidation temperature of the UO2 pellets. Recycled U3O8 powder with a high BET surface area and a small particle size could be obtained by lowering the oxidation temperature. It was also found that this low-temperature-oxidized sinter-active U3O8 powder is effective in mitigating the density drop of the UO2 pellets when the recycled U3O8 powder is added. Moreover, the recycled powder acted as a grain-size-enlarging promoter in the UO2 pellets.
An efficient ASIC implementation of 16-channel on-line recursive ICA processor for real-time EEG system (2014)

This is a proposal for an efficient very-large-scale integration (VLSI) design, 16-channel on-line recursive independent component analysis (ORICA) processor ASIC for real-time EEG system, implemented with TSMC 40 nm CMOS technology. ORICA is appropriate to be used in real-time EEG system to separate artifacts because of its highly efficient and real-time process features. The proposed ORICA processor is composed of an ORICA processing unit and a singular value decomposition (SVD) processing unit. Compared with previous work [1], this proposed ORICA processor has enhanced effectiveness and reduced hardware complexity by utilizing a deeper pipeline architecture, shared arithmetic processing unit, and shared registers. The 16-channel random signals which contain 8-channel super-Gaussian and 8-channel sub-Gaussian components are used to analyze the dependence of the source components, and the average correlation coefficient is 0.95452 between the original source signals and extracted ORICA signals. Finally, the proposed ORICA processor ASIC is implemented with TSMC 40 nm CMOS technology, and it consumes 15.72 mW at 100 MHz operating frequency.
Magneto-optical Faraday effect in nanocrystalline oxides (2011)

Magneto-optical materials have widespread applications in communication and optical devices. Besides existing applications such as optical diodes, untapped potential applications could be accessed should magneto-optical properties be improved such that smaller magnetic fields can be employed. Here we present an efficient method for fabricating oxide materials that possess excellent optical and magnetic properties—they are transparent to visible light yet have high magnetic susceptibility. Combined, these properties produce large Faraday rotations; the measured Verdet constant is &gt;−300 rad T−1 m−1 at 632.8 nm, a high value for a thick, optically transparent material. Because this Verdet constant is more than twice that of the state of the art material, these nanocrystalline oxides produce polarized light rotations with less than half the applied magnetic field necessary. They are made by densifying rare earth nanocrystalline powder into dense, large-sized bodies using an electric current activated technique (sometimes known as spark plasma sintering). The processing temperature is optimized in order to achieve sufficient density without causing excessive phase changes that would destroy light transparency. This process produces materials quickly (&lt;20 min), which, combined with high magneto-optical properties, promises less expensive, smaller, more portable magneto-optical devices.
A Trimeric HIV-1 Envelope gp120 Immunogen Induces Potent and Broad Anti-V1V2 Loop Antibodies against HIV-1 in Rabbits and Rhesus Macaques (2017)

Trimeric HIV-1 envelope (Env) immunogens are attractive due to their ability to display quaternary epitopes targeted by broadly neutralizing antibodies (bNAbs) while obscuring unfavorable epitopes. Results from the RV144 trial highlighted the importance of vaccine-induced HIV-1 Env V1V2-directed antibodies, with key regions of the V2 loop as targets for vaccine-mediated protection. We recently reported that a trimeric JRFL-gp120 immunogen, generated by inserting an N-terminal trimerization domain in the V1 loop region of a cyclically permuted gp120 (cycP-gp120), induces neutralizing activity against multiple tier-2 HIV-1 isolates in guinea pigs in a DNA prime/protein boost approach. Here, we tested the immunogenicity of cycP-gp120 in a protein prime/boost approach in rabbits and as a booster immunization to DNA/modified vaccinia Ankara (MVA)-vaccinated rabbits and rhesus macaques. In rabbits, two cycP-gp120 protein immunizations induced 100-fold higher titers of high-avidity gp120-specific IgG than two gp120 immunizations, with four total gp120 immunizations being required to induce comparable titers. cycP-gp120 also induced markedly enhanced neutralizing activity against tier-1A and -1B HIV-1 isolates, substantially higher binding and breadth to gp70-V1V2 scaffolds derived from a multiclade panel of global HIV-1 isolates, and antibodies targeting key regions of the V2-loop region associated with reduced risk of infection in RV144. Similarly, boosting MVA- or DNA/MVA-primed rabbits or rhesus macaques with cycP-gp120 showed a robust expansion of gp70-V1V2-specific IgG, neutralization breadth to tier-1B HIV-1 isolates, and antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity activity. These results demonstrate that cycP-gp120 serves as a robust HIV Env immunogen that induces broad anti-V1V2 antibodies and promotes neutralization breadth against HIV-1.<b>IMPORTANCE</b> Recent focus in HIV-1 vaccine development has been the design of trimeric HIV-1 Env immunogens that closely resemble native HIV-1 Env, with a major goal being the induction of bNAbs. While the generation of bNAbs is considered a gold standard in vaccine-induced antibody responses, results from the RV144 trial showed that nonneutralizing antibodies directed toward the V1V2 loop of HIV-1 gp120, specifically the V2 loop region, were associated with decreased risk of infection, demonstrating the need for the development of Env immunogens that induce a broad anti-V1V2 antibody response. In this study, we show that a novel trimeric gp120 protein, cycP-gp120, generates high titers of high-avidity and broadly cross-reactive anti-V1V2 antibodies, a result not found in animals immunized with monomeric gp120. These results reveal the potential of cycP-gp120 as a vaccine candidate to induce antibodies associated with reduced risk of HIV-1 infection in humans.
Variation tolerant NoC design by means of self-calibrating links (2008)

We present the implementation and analysis of a variation tolerant version of a switch-to-switch link in a NoC. The goal is to tolerate the effects of process variations on NoC architectures using self-correcting links that automatically detect delay variations and compensate them. The correction is applied without increasing the switch-to-switch latency by substituting the output flip-flops of the sending switch with a self-correcting flip-flop followed by an adaptive voltage swing selector. Higher delay variations will result in a smaller slack in the switch-to-switch path, but the adaptive voltage swing selector could mitigate its impact on the NoC communication by increasing the voltage swing on the link, thus allowing a compensation of the delay variation. As a result, it is possible to tolerate delay variations at the cost of additional power consumption.