gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
CO<sub>2</sub>laser waveguides from germania-based glasses (1989)

Glasses based on germanium dioxide have been prepared and their bulk optical constants measured in the wavelength range 5-55 mu m. These data have been applied to assess the potential of the glasses as hollow waveguides for the CO2 laser operating at about 10.6 mu m wavelength. The results suggest that glasses with low oxide additions (<10 mol.%) to GeO2 are preferable when waveguide transmissions and fibre fabrications are taken into account. Some initial data on waveguide bending losses indicate that these are reduced significantly when the glass maintains a refractive index of less than unity at CO2 laser wavelengths.
In Vivo Study of the HC-TN Strain of Hepatitis C Virus Recovered from a Patient with Fulminant Hepatitis: RNA Transcripts of a Molecular Clone (pHC-TN) Are Infectious in Chimpanzees but Not in Huh7.5 Cells (2007)

Both viral and host factors are thought to influence the pathogenesis of hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection. We studied strain HC-TN (genotype 1a), which caused fulminant hepatic failure in a patient and, subsequently, severe hepatitis in a chimpanzee (CH1422), to analyze the relationship between disease severity, host immune response, viral evolution, and outcome. A second chimpanzee (CH1581) was infected from CH1422 plasma, and a third chimpanzee (CH1579) was infected from RNA transcripts of a consensus cDNA of HC-TN (pHC-TN). RNA transcripts of pHC-TN did not replicate in Huh7.5 cells, which were recently found to be susceptible to infection with another fulminant HCV strain (JFH1). The courses of viremia were similar in the three animals. However, CH1581 and CH1579 developed a less severe acute hepatitis than CH1422. CH1579 and CH1422 resolved the infection, whereas CH1581 became persistently infected. CH1579 and CH1581, despite their differing outcomes, both developed significant intrahepatic cellular immune responses, but not antibodies to the envelope glycoproteins or neutralizing antibodies, during the acute infection. We analyzed the polyprotein sequences of virus recovered at five and nine time points from CH1579 and CH1581, respectively, during the first year of follow-up. High mutation rates and high proportions of nonsynonymous mutations suggested immune pressure and positive selection in both animals. Changes were not selected until after the initial decrease in virus titers and after the development of immune responses and hepatitis. Subsequently, however, mutations emerged repeatedly in both animals. Overall, our results indicate that disease severity and outcome of acute HCV infection depend primarily on the host response.
Process For The Production Of Arachidonic Acid And/or Eicosapentaenoic Acid (Patent WO 2007/042510 A2) (2007)

The present invention relates to a new process for the production of arachidonic acid and/or eicosapentaenoic acid in plants through the co-expression of a ?-12-/?-15- desaturase, ?-9-elongase, ?-8-desaturase and a ?-5-desaturase and a process for the production of lipids or oils having an increased content of unsaturated fatty acids, in particular ?-3 and ?-6 fatty acids having at least two double bonds and a 18 or 20 carbon atom chain length. Preferably the arachidonic acid and eicosapentaenoic acid are produced in at least a 1 :2 ratio. The invention furthermore relates to the production of a transgenic plants, preferably a transgenic crop plant, having an increased content of arachidonic acid and/or ei¬ cosapentaenoic acid, oils or lipids containing Ciß- or C20- fatty acids with a double bond in position ? 5, 8, 9, 11 , 12, 14, 15 or dffthe fatty acid produced, respectively due to the expression of the ?-12-/?-15-desaturase, of the ?-9-elongase, of the ?-8- desaturase and of the ?-5-desaturase in the plant. The expression of the inventive ?- 12-/?-15-desaturase leads preferably to linoleic acid and linolenic acid as products having a double bond in the position ? 9, 12 and 15 of the fatty acid. The invention additionally relates to specific nucleic acid sequences encoding for pro¬ teins with ?-12-/?-15-desaturase-, ?-9-elongase-, ?-8-desaturase- or ?-5-desaturase- activity, nucleic acid constructs, vectors and transgenic plants containing said nucleic acid sequences.
UltraStereo: Efficient Learning-Based Matching for Active Stereo Systems (2017)

Efficient estimation of depth from pairs of stereo images is one of the core problems in computer vision. We efficiently solve the specialized problem of stereo matching under active illumination using a new learning-based algorithm. This type of active stereo i.e. stereo matching where scene texture is augmented by an active light projector is proving compelling for designing depth cameras, largely due to improved robustness when compared to time of flight or traditional structured light techniques. Our algorithm uses an unsupervised greedy optimization scheme that learns features that are discriminative for estimating correspondences in infrared images. The proposed method optimizes a series of sparse hyperplanes that are used at test time to remap all the image patches into a compact binary representation in O(1). The proposed algorithm is cast in a PatchMatch Stereo-like framework, producing depth maps at 500Hz. In contrast to standard structured light methods, our approach generalizes to different scenes, does not require tedious per camera calibration procedures and is not adversely affected by interference from overlapping sensors. Extensive evaluations show we surpass the quality and overcome the limitations of current depth sensing technologies.
Parametric amplification of few-optical-cycle pulses (2017)

Summary form only given. The reliable availability of energetic and very short pulses in the femtosecond regime triggered innumerable developments in research and application in physics, chemistry, and life sciences. Now, a new and superior technology reached maturity in research labs during the last decade, the few-cycle optical parametric chirped-pulse amplifier (OPCPA). The concept is advantageous against Ti:sapphire technology in many aspects, and enables few-cycle pulses with multi-kHz or MHz repetition rates. Furthermore, the technique can be up-scaled in average power due to the rapid development of Yb-based pump lasers (see Fig.1 ). This development paves the way to High Harmonic and tabletop XUV generation and new insights in physics and new fields of applications.This tutorial talk covers a wide range of topics from the basic concepts of nonlinear optics to topical waveform synthesizer systems. The different types of pumping technology are introduced and compared. Based on a (2+1)D numerical propagation model, the spatio-temporal pulsing dynamics during parametric amplification is analyzed and revealed (see Fig. 2). Design criteria are given and selected applications are discussed.
Characterization of the Interacting Domain of the HIV-1 Fusion Peptide with the Transmembrane Domain of the T-Cell Receptor (2008)

HIV infection is initiated by the fusion of the viral membrane with the target T-cell membrane. The HIV envelope glycoprotein, gp41, contains a fusion peptide (FP) in the N terminus that functions together with other gp41 domains to fuse the virion with the host cell membrane. We recently reported that FP co-localizes with CD4 and T-cell receptor (TCR) molecules, co-precipitates with TCR, and inhibits antigen-specific T-cell proliferation and pro-inflammatory cytokine secretion. Molecular dynamic simulation implicated an interaction between an alpha-helical transmembrane domain (TM) of the TCRalpha chain (designated CP) and the beta-sheet 5-13 region of the 16 N-terminal amino acids of FP (FP(1-16)). To correlate between the theoretical prediction and experimental data, we synthesized a series of mutants derived from the interacting motif GALFLGFLG stretch (FP(5-13)) and investigated them structurally and functionally. The data reveal a direct correlation between the beta-sheet structure of FP(5-13) and its mutants and their ability to interact with CP and induce immunosuppressive activity; the phenylalanines play an important role. Furthermore, studies with fluorescently labeled peptides revealed that this interaction leads to penetration of the N terminus of FP and its active analogues into the hydrophobic core of the membrane. A detailed understanding of the molecular interactions mediating the immunosuppressive activity of the FP(5-13) motif should facilitate evaluating its contribution to HIV pathology and its exploitation as an immunotherapeutic tool.
Feasibility of high temperature penetrators in improving geothermal drilling technology (1997)

This article discusses the feasibility of rock drilling by melting using a high-temperature penetrator. The most important potential advantage of the borehole drilling-contact rock melting method by means of a high-temperature penetrator is that simultaneous with drilling, there is reinforcement of the borehole walls by the creation of a vitrified melt which heals the pores, fissures and other drainage canals. It makes it possible to prevent the uncontrolled outburst of overheated steam and steam-and-water mixture and loss of circulation, which can accompany the traditional process of mechanical drilling.
Aberration measurement using in-situ two-beam interferometry (2001)

A reticle with phase-only blazed gratings of varying azimuthal orientations diffracts light into only two orders, 0 & +1, discretely illuminating a lens pupil. The image of each grating is a sinusoidal interference pattern and is recorded as a surface relief in a highly absorbing photoresist. The maximum image contrast occurs when focus is set such that the RMS wavefront error over the two beams is minimized. This maximum contrast vs focus is recorded by a CCD array mounted on a dark-field optical microscope and the aberrations are obtained from an analysis of this record. Repeatability of equivalent primary aberrations of less than 0.001(lambda) RMS are achieved and used to monitor lens stability.
Detection of<i>Plasmodium falciparum</i>,<i>P. vivax</i>,<i>P. ovale</i>, and<i>P. malariae</i>Merozoite Surface Protein 1-p19 Antibodies in Human Malaria Patients and Experimentally Infected Nonhuman Primates (2010)

Approximately 3.2 billion people live in areas where malaria is endemic, and WHO estimates that 350 to 500 million malaria cases occur each year worldwide. This high prevalence, and the high frequency of international travel, creates significant risk for the exportation of malaria to countries where malaria is not endemic and for the introduction of malaria organisms into the blood supply. Since all four human infectious Plasmodium species have been transmitted by blood transfusion, we sought to develop an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) capable of detecting antibodies elicited by infection with any of these species. The merozoite surface protein 1 (MSP1), a P. falciparum and P. vivax vaccine candidate with a well-characterized immune response, was selected for use in the assay. The MSP1 genes from P. ovale and P. malariae were cloned and sequenced (L. Birkenmeyer, A. S. Muerhoff, G. Dawson, and S. M. Desai, Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. 82:996-1003, 2010), and the carboxyl-terminal p19 regions of all four species were expressed in Escherichia coli. Performance results from individual p19 ELISAs were compared to those of a commercial test (Lab 21 Healthcare Malaria enzyme immunoassay [EIA]). The commercial ELISA detected all malaria patients with P. falciparum or P. vivax infections, as did the corresponding species-specific p19 ELISAs. However, the commercial ELISA detected antibodies in 0/2 and 5/8 individuals with P. malariae and P. ovale infections, respectively, while the p19 assays detected 100% of individuals with confirmed P. malariae or P. ovale infections. In experimentally infected nonhuman primates, the use of MSP1-p19 antigens from all four species resulted in the detection of antibodies within 2 to 10 weeks postinfection. Use of MSP1-p19 antigens from all four Plasmodium species in a single immunoassay would provide significantly improved efficacy compared to existing tests.
Differential Expression of Glutamic Acid Decarboxylase in Rat and Human Islets (1993)

The GABA synthesizing enzyme GAD is a prominent islet cell autoantigen in type I diabetes. The two forms of GAD (GAD64 and GAD67) are encoded by different genes in both rats and humans. By in situ hybridization analysis of rat and human pancreases, expression of both genes was detected in rat islets, whereas only GAD64 mRNA was detected in human islets. Immunocytochemical analysis of rat and human pancreatic sections or isolated islets with antibodies to GAD64 and GAD67 in combination with antibodies to insulin, glucagon, or SRIF confirmed that a GAD64 and GAD67 expression were beta-cell specific in rat islets. In contrast, only GAD64 was detected in human islets and was, in addition to beta-cells, also surprisingly localized to some alpha-cells, delta-cells, and PP-cells. In long-term (4 wk) monolayer cultures of newborn rat islet cells, GAD64 expression remained beta-cell specific as observed in vivo, whereas GAD67 was localized not only to the beta-cells but also in the alpha-cells and delta-cells. A small but distinct fraction of GAD positive cells in these monolayer cultures did not accumulate GABA immunoreactivity, which may indicate cellular heterogeneity with respect to GABA catabolism or GAD enzyme activity. In a rat insulinoma cell line (NHI-6F) producing both glucagon and insulin depending on the culture conditions, GAD64 expression was detected only in cultures in which the insulin producing phenotype dominated. In conclusion, these data demonstrate that the two GAD isoforms are differentially expressed in rat and human islets but also that the expression differs according to culture conditions. These findings emphasize the need to consider both the species and culture conditions of islets.
Gbps THz external modulator based on the high electron mobility transistor-metamaterial (2015)

Utilizing THz waves to transmit data for communication and imaging places high demands in phase and amplitude modulation. Therefore, active devices including modulators and switches have been intensively studied in the THz regime. However, till now these devices still cannot meet the demands of THz systems. In this article we demonstrate an effective, ultra-fast and all electronic grid-controlled THz modulator, which combines an equivalent collective dipolar metamaterial array with an AlGaN/GaN hetero structure. By controlling the carrier concentration of two-dimensional electron gas (2DEG) of the modulator, we realize a resonant mode conversion with blue-shift that significantly improves the modulation speed and depth. This THz modulator achieved 1 GHz modulation speed and 67% modulation depth in real-time dynamic test. Moreover, a 1.19 rad phase shift has also been realized. This active metamaterial modulator can be applied as an effectively and ultra-fast dynamic device in THz wireless communication systems.
Functional expression and pharmacological characterization of the human EAA4 (GluR6) glutamate receptor: a kainate selective channel subunit. (1994)

A cDNA encoding an ionotropic glutamate receptor subunit protein humEAA4 (GluR6), has been cloned from a human fetal brain library. This cDNA when expressed in COS or HEK-293 cells is associated with high-affinity kainate receptor binding and ion channel formation. We have successfully established cell lines stably expressing humEAA4 in HEK-293 cells This is the first report of the establishment of stable cell lines expressing a glutamate receptor channel. The relative potency of compounds for displacing [3H]-kainate binding to humEAA4 receptors expressed in COS or HEK-293 cells is domoate > kainate > quisqualate > 6-cyano-7-nitroquinoxaline-2,3-dione > L-glutamate = 6,7- dinitroquinoxaline-2,3-dione > dihydrokainate. Applications of kainate, glutamate, and domoate but not AMPA evoked rapidly desensitizing currents in cells expressing homo-oligomeric humEAA4 in a concentration dependent manner. The order of potency was: domoate > kainate > L-glutamate. Although AMPA did not itself activate humEAA4 receptors it did reduce, to a limited extent, kainate-evoked responses. AMPA may therefore be a weak partial agonist for this receptor. To date this effect has not been demonstrated with rat GluR6. It is possible that subtle species differences may exist in the nature of agonist receptor interaction. Kainate evoked currents were attenuated by the quinoxalinediones CNQX and DNQX but not by DAP5. The receptor desensitization was attenuated on application of concanavalin A. Ion-permeability studies indicated that the receptor-linked ion channel is permeable to both Na+ and Ca2+ ions.
Two Transistor Current Mode Active Pixel Sensor (2007)

A novel current mode active pixel sensor for high resolution imaging is presented. The photo pixel is composed of a photodiode and two transistors: reset and transconductance amplifier transistor. The switch transistor is moved outside the pixel, allowing for lower pixel pitch and increased linearity of the output photocurrent. The increased linearity of the image sensor has greatly reduced spatial variations across the image after correlated double sampling and the column fix pattern noise is 0.35% of the saturated current. A discussion on theoretical temporal noise limitations of this design is also presented.
Phase Measurements in Acoustic Microscopy (1983)

We have carried out experiments using a 50 MHz acoustic microscope to demonstrate the utility of phase information in acoustic microscopy. Phase perturbation was used to characterize surface r esidual stress on a glass disk sample. topography of different samples. inversion technique was used to obtain the reflectance function of a liquid/solid from the corresponding V (z) d ata measured in both amplitude and phase. Phase images were made to map the surface An exact
Dual-Inverter-Integrated Three-Phase EV Charger Based on Split-Phase Machine (2022)

Significant effort has been dedicated to developing integrated onboard charging circuits for electric vehicles, aiming to improve cost, range anxiety, and charging convenience. The dual-inverter drivetrain topology has attracted particular attention as a platform for developing such solutions, being previously leveraged for the implementation of dc and single-phase ac onboard charging. This work proposes an integrated three-phase onboard charger based on the dual-inverter drivetrain. The proposed converter is implemented with minimal change to the dual inverter and no additional power electronics by introducing a split-phase electric machine. A mathematical model is developed, decomposing the system into four decoupled subsystems, individually responsible for charging, driving, grid common-mode current, and zero-sequence current generation, respectively. In light of this model, a novel space-vector pulsewidth modulation technique is introduced to ensure charging current control while generating no flux-producing, nor zero-sequence currents, and having superior common-mode performance. Simulation-based and experimental verification is conducted on a 7.2-kW scaled-down prototype to prove the charging concept, as well as the common-mode current elimination.
Development of a Liquid Cooled Battery Module (2016)

This paper describes the development of a liquid cooling system of battery module with lithium-ion prismatic metal can battery cells that can be used in hybrid electric vehicles (HEV). Initially, a design concept of a liquid cooled battery module is selected based on the functional requirements associated with maximum battery cell temperature rise, temperature uniformity across the battery module, temperature uniformity within each individual lithium-ion prismatic battery cell, and total pressure loss of the liquid cooling system. A three-dimensional battery module thermal model and an analytical optimization approach are developed for selected design concept of the liquid cooled battery module. Finally, by performing analytical optimization study to examine the effects of geometries of the inlet duct, manifold, and the outlet duct on battery module thermal behavior and total pressure loss of cooling system, the optimal design concept of liquid-cooled battery module is identified to maximize its durability and driving range.
FLAT2D: Fast localization from approximate transformation into 2D (2016)

Many autonomous vehicles require precise localization into a prior map in order to support planning and to leverage semantic information within those maps (e.g. that the right lane is a turn-only lane.) A popular approach in automotive systems is to use infrared intensity maps of the ground surface to localize, making them susceptible to failures when the surface is obscured by snow or when the road is repainted. An emerging alternative is to localize based on the 3D structure around the vehicle; these methods are robust to these types of changes, but the maps are costly both in terms of storage and the computational cost of matching. In this paper, we propose a fast method for localizing based on 3D structure around the vehicle using a 2D representation. This representation retains many of the advantages of “full” matching in 3D, but comes with dramatically lower space and computational requirements. We also introduce a variation of Graph-SLAM tailored to support localization, allowing us to make use of graph-based error-recovery techniques in our localization estimate. Finally, we present real-world localization results for both an indoor mobile robotic platform and an autonomous golf cart, demonstrating that autonomous vehicles do not need full 3D matching to accurately localize in the environment.
Distinct patterns of bidirectional regulation of mammalian adenylyl cyclases. (1994)

The capacities of the alpha subunits of pertussis toxin-sensitive guanine nucleotide-binding regulatory proteins (G proteins) to inhibit different isoforms of mammalian adenylyl cyclases were assessed. Membranes from Sf9 cells infected with recombinant baculoviruses encoding either type I, II, V, or VI adenylyl cyclase were reconstituted with purified G protein subunits. Types V and VI adenylyl cyclase are most sensitive to inhibition by Gi alpha 1, Gi alpha 2, and Gi alpha 3; type I adenylyl cyclase can be inhibited by these three Gi alpha proteins and by G(o) alpha as well. Type II adenylyl cyclase appears to be immune to inhibition by these proteins. Examination of the effects of native and mutant Gi alpha proteins, as well as analysis of competition for binding of Gs alpha to adenylyl cyclases, indicate that at least certain adenylyl cyclases have independent sites for interaction with Gs alpha (site 1, stimulatory) and Gi alpha (site 2, inhibitory). High concentrations of Gi alpha can interact with site 1 on types I and II adenylyl cyclase and activate the enzymes. Types I and II adenylyl cyclase also appear to have independent sites for interaction with G protein beta gamma subunits. The type I enzyme is strongly inhibited, while type II adenylyl cyclase is activated if Gs alpha is also present.
Exploring the transcription activator-like effectors scaffold versatility to expand the toolbox of designer nucleases (2014)

Our results demonstrated that this novel functional TtH architecture which requires binding to only one DNA strand of a given endogenous locus has the potential to extend the targeting possibility of FokI-based TALE nucleases.
What Is the Accuracy of Three Different Machine Learning Techniques to Predict Clinical Outcomes After Shoulder Arthroplasty? (2020)

Three different commercially available machine learning techniques were used to train and test models that predicted clinical outcomes after aTSA and rTSA; this device-type comparison was performed to demonstrate how predictive modeling techniques can be used in the near future to help answer unsolved clinical questions and augment decision-making to improve outcomes after shoulder arthroplasty.