gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Extracellular potentials related to intracellular action potentials during impulse conduction in anisotropic canine cardiac muscle. (1979)

This paper considers a quantitative description of intracellular and transmembrane currents in anisotropic muscle, with emphasis on the factors that determine the extracellular potentials. Although Vmax of the intracellular action potential had no relation to changes in conduction velocity in anisotropic tissue with constant membrane properties, the extracellular waveforms were quite sensitive to velocity changes. Large amplitude biphasic deflection occurred in the fast areas, and in the slow areas the waveforms were of lower amplitude and triphasic in shape; i.e., negative potentials preceded the biphasic positive-negative deflection. The extracellular potentials were simulated on the bases of a model of intracellular currents, and the theoretical and measured results showed good agreement. In tissue with anisotropic conductivity, the relationship between the spatial intracellualr potential gradient and the magnitude of the extracellular potential of the excitation wave was opposite to the classical relationship in isotropic tissue. Due to the influence of the effective intracellular conductivity on the spread of intracellular currents and on conduction velocity, in anisotropic tissue the extracellular potential decreased as the intracellular potential gradient increased. The peak values of the positive and negative potentials and the spatial distribution of the potential gradients varied considerably along the activation front. These findings were accounted for by differences in the distribution and spatial extent of the transmembrane currents, which were determined by the intracellular currents. The theoretical analysis showed that intracellular and transmembrane currents were proportional to the local conduction velocities of the wavefront. Thereby, it was not possible to have a "uniform layer" of current when there were differences in conduction velocity along the length of the excitation wave. The implications of the analysis are considerable, since the gratifying agreement between the theoretical and measured results indicates that the details of the extracellular waveforms can be explained on the basis of the distribution of intracellular currents; i.e., extracellular potentials provide a sensitive index of intracellular current flow.
Stage-dependent redistributions of acetylated histones in nuclei of the early preimplantation mouse embryo (1997)

In the preimplantation mouse embryo, activation of the embryonic genome is accompanied by a transient enrichment of histone H4 acetylated at lysines 5, 8, and 12 at the nuclear periphery (Worrad et al., 1995: Development 121:2949-2959). In the present report, we use laser-scanning confocal microscopy and a new panel of antibodies to define the distribution of specific acetylated isoforms of the other three core histones in mouse embryos at the 1- to 4-cell stage. We find that histone H3 acetylated at lysine 9 and/or 18 (H3.Ac9/18) and the single acetylated form of H2A (H2A.Ac5) become transiently enriched at the nuclear periphery in the 2-cell embryo. In contrast, H3.Ac14, H3.Ac23, and acetylated H2B, like H4.Ac16, remain distributed throughout the nucleoplasm. The staining intensity with antisera to H3.Ac9/18, even at the periphery was weak compared to that obtained with antisera to acetylated H4. A brief period of culture, however, in the presence of the inhibitor of histone deacetylases trichostatin A (TSA) or trapoxin increased labeling. Thus, the steady-state level of H3.Ac9/18 at the nuclear periphery and H3.Ac14 and H3.Ac23 in the nuclear interior is relatively low, but turnover remains high. The localization of selected acetylated isoforms of H3 and H2A at the nuclear periphery was independent of ongoing transcription or of cytokinesis, but did require DNA replication. We propose a model in which the selective, replication-dependent acetylation and deacetylation of zygotic chromatin at the nuclear periphery mediates the programming of zygotic transcription.
Conducting solids (2010)

This article reviews the literature reported during 2009 on conducting solids including both ionic and electronic conductors. The review focuses in particular on materials which have relevance in solid oxide fuel cell, lithium ion battery and superconductor applications.
Learning grasp strategies with partial shape information (2008)

We consider the problem of grasping novel objects in cluttered environments. If a full 3-d model of the scene were available, one could use the model to estimate the stability and robustness of different grasps (formalized as form/force-closure, etc); in practice, however, a robot facing a novel object will usually be able to perceive only the front (visible) faces of the object. In this paper, we propose an approach to grasping that estimates the stability of different grasps, given only noisy estimates of the shape of visible portions of an object, such as that obtained from a depth sensor. By combining this with a kinematic description of a robot arm and hand, our algorithm is able to compute a specific positioning of the robot’s fingers so as to grasp an object. We test our algorithm on two robots (with very different arms/manipulators, including one with a multi-fingered hand). We report results on the task of grasping objects of significantly different shapes and appearances than ones in the training set, both in highly cluttered and in uncluttered environments. We also apply our algorithm to the problem of unloading items from a dishwasher.
Purification and Characteristics of Adenylate Kinase from Extreme Thermophile Thermus caldophilus GK-24 (1988)

The adenylate kinase was purified from an extreme thermophile by adenosine-pentaphospho-adenosine elution from phosphocellulose column. The molecular weight was estimated to be 22,000 by SDS-PAGE and gel filtration. The optimum temperature of the enzyme activity was 8 and the activation energy was given as 22.4 kcal/mole. The enzyme even showed full activity after incubation at 9 or in 6M guanidine-HCI at 3 and retained 75% of its original activity even after 1 hour at 10. The Michaelis constants of the enzymes for AMP, ADP, and ATP were 0.01mM, 0.017mM and 0.067mM, respectively.
A hydrogen-bonded dimer in 6-(4-bromophenyl)-3-methyl-1-phenyl-4,5-dihydro-1<i>H</i>-pyrazolo[3,4-<i>b</i>]pyridine and a chain of rings built from N—H...N and C—H...π(pyridine) hydrogen bonds in 3-(4-nitrophenyl)-4-phenyl-1<i>H</i>-pyrazolo[3,4-<i>b</i>]pyridine (2010)

In 6-(4-bromophenyl)-3-methyl-1-phenyl-4,5-dihydro-1H-pyrazolo[3,4-b]pyridine, C(19)H(16)BrN(3), the reduced pyridine ring adopts a conformation that is close to a screw-boat form. Molecules are linked by pairs of symmetry-related C-H...pi(arene) hydrogen bonds into cyclic centrosymmetric dimers. Molecules of 3-(4-nitrophenyl)-4-phenyl-1H-pyrazolo[3,4-b]pyridine, C(18)H(12)N(4)O(2), are linked into centrosymmetric R(2)(2)(8) dimers by pairs of symmetry-related N-H...N hydrogen bonds, and these dimers are linked by pairs of C-H...pi(pyridine) hydrogen bonds to form a chain of edge-fused rings, or a molecular ladder, along [100]. The molecular aggregation in this compound is completed by two weak C-H...O hydrogen bonds, one of which links the chains along [100] into sheets.
An apparatus for glancing incidence ion beam polishing and characterization of surfaces to angstrom-scale root-mean-square roughness (1996)

An instrument is described which combines a glancing incidence ion beam erosion system with a scanning tunneling and an atomic force microscope. This instrument allows the ion beam polishing and surface topographic characterization of conducting and insulating, crystalline, polycrystalline, and amorphous samples under ultrahigh vacuum conditions. As an illustration of the capability of the instrument and the polishing technique, we present results demonstrating a fivefold improvement in rms roughness of a polycrystalline Cr film and a fivefold reduction in rms roughness of a vicinal, initially mechanically polished CaF2 (111) sample. The final rms roughness of the latter sample of 0.12±0.04 nm measured over the bandwidth of 10–500 nm is just 75% of the Ca–F interlayer spacing for the (111) surface orientation.
Deep Learning Detection in the Visible and Radio Spectrums (2022)

Deep learning models with convolutional neural networks are being used to solve some of the most difficult problems in computing today. Complicating factors to the use and development of deep learning models include lack of availability of large volumes of data, lack of problem specific samples, and the lack variations in the specific samples available. The costs to collect this data and to compute the models for the task of detection remains a inhibitory condition for all but the most well funded organizations. This thesis seeks to approach deep learning from a cost reduction and hybrid perspective — incorporating techniques of transfer learning, training augmentation, synthetic data generation, morphological computations, as well as statistical and thresholding model fusion — in the task of detection in two domains: visible spectrum detection of target spacecraft, and radio spectrum detection of radio frequency interference in 2D astronomical time-frequency data. The effects of training augmentation on object detection performance is studied in the visible spectrum, as well as the effect of image degradation on detection performance. Supplementing training on degraded images significantly improves the detection results, and in scenarios with low factors of degradation, the baseline results are exceeded. Morphological operations on degraded data shows promise in reducing computational requirements in some detection tasks. The proposed Mask R-CNN model is able to detect and localize properly on spacecraft images degraded by high levels of pixel loss. Deep learning models such as U-Net have been leveraged for the task of radio frequency interference labeling (flagging). Model variations on U-Net architecture design such as layer size and composition are continuing to be explored, however, the examination of deep learning models combined with statistical tests and thresholding techniques for radio frequency interference mitigation is in its infancy. For the radio spectrum domain, the use of the U-Net model combined with various statistical tests and the SumThreshold technique in an output fusion model is tested against a baseline of SumThreshold alone, for the detection of radio frequency interference. This thesis also contributes an improved dataset for spacecraft detection, and a simple technique for the generation of synthetic channelized voltage data for simulating radio astronomy spectra recordings in a 2D time-frequency plot.
Editorial (2008)

We have completed publication of seven authors’ oral presentations given on 15. February 2003. at Symposium “Scientific, ethical and religious dilemmas on the status of human embryo and its cloning”.This journal invokes increased interest amongst workers engaged in almost all the fields complementary to basic research and implicit to biological as well as biomedical science.In the situation when financial and human potential of our country border on existence and the young and the talented continuously migrate to the developed and wealthy countries, integration of all the existing resources and research teams and presentation of their research results seems to be possible only in a journal capable of combining them all.However, we are certain that our cooperation with the developed scientific communities will result in repatriation of scientists from our country who work there successfully, and in their integration into environment which they left not only to ensure existence for themselves but also to satisfy scientific curiosity and become competent modern experts.With all the sincerity, we offer to them collaboration in the presentation of their research results in our journal, as well as joint realization of scientific research.May, 2004Editorial Board
Problematismo, lucidez y pontencialidad de la filosofía zubiriana de la inteligencia (2021)

After the last very deep and intense investigations on Zubiri’s thought carried out in recent decades, this essay aims to contribute to make an assessment of the current state of the matter, examining several fundamental problems concerning human knowledge, which has been masterfully elucidated by the Spanish thinker: the question of truth and its modalities; the link between truth, knowledge and reality (the question of realism, types of scepticism and the question of hermeneutic). It is also about seeing the question of the limits and possibilities from human Knowledge, attending to the articulation between human cognitive activity and the ontological structure of man (spiritual and corporeal at once). All of this is about seeing the achievements of Zubiri’s approach - placing his proposal in the context of the history of Western thought, and in particular, in the context of current thinking - emphasizing the possibilities it opens in the future, but its difficulties too.
Thrombolysis for acute deep vein thrombosis (2016)

Thrombolysis increases the patency of veins and reduces the incidence of PTS following proximal DVT by a third. Evidence suggests that systemic administration and CDT have similar effectiveness. Strict eligibility criteria appears to improve safety in recent studies and may be necessary to reduce the risk of bleeding complications. This may limit the applicability of this treatment. In those who are treated there is a small increased risk of bleeding. Using GRADE assessment, the evidence was judged to be of moderate quality due to many trials having low numbers of participants. However, the results across studies were consistent and we have reasonable confidence in these results.
Design of a PEV battery charger with high power factor using half-bridge LLC-SRC operating at resonance frequency (2015)

This paper presents a two stage battery charger for plug-in electric vehicles (PEV) based on half-bridge LLC series resonant converter (SRC) operating at resonance frequency. The first stage is power factor correction (PFC) stage comprising of boost converter topology using hysteresis band control of inductor current. The PFC stage reduces the total harmonic distortion (THD) of the line current for achieving high power factor and regulates the voltage to follow the battery voltage at DC link capacitor. The input of the boost converter is a single phase 50 Hz, 220V AC from grid. At the second stage, a half-bridge LLC-SRC is used for constant-current, constant-voltage (CC-CV) based battery charging and for providing galvanic isolation. The resonant converter is designed to operate around resonance frequency to have maximum efficiency and low turn-off current of power switches to reduce switching losses. The circuit is simulated using MATLAB Simulink with 1.5 kW maximum output power. Simulation results show that the PFC stage achieves THD less than 0.07% and high power factor value as 0.9976. The DC/DC stage meets all the CC-CV charging requirements of the battery over wide voltage range 320V-420V for depleted to fully charged battery.
A novel approach to system testing and reliability assessment using use case model (2008)

In this paper, we propose an integrated approach to generate system level test cases and assess reliability of a system. Input to our approach is a use case model of the system under test. We generate test cases after converting a use case model into a testable model. For each test case generated, we then analytically determine its importance to asses the reliability of the system. Existing approaches for reliability assessment are mainly based on usage probability of different user operations invoked by different users. But existing methods have the limitations such as, performance entirely depends on expertise of the system analysts and computation of usage probability of different user operations invoked by different users can not be known for a completely new system or non-existing system. To address these limitations, we propose an analytical technique and also propose a reliability metric to assess the reliability of a system under development
Crystal structure of SQD1, an enzyme involved in the biosynthesis of the plant sulfolipid headgroup donor UDP-sulfoquinovose (1999)

The SQD1 enzyme is believed to be involved in the biosynthesis of the sulfoquinovosyl headgroup of plant sulfolipids, catalyzing the transfer of SO(3)(-) to UDP-glucose. We have determined the structure of the complex of SQD1 from Arabidopsis thaliana with NAD(+) and the putative substrate UDP-glucose at 1.6-A resolution. Both bound ligands are completely buried within the binding cleft, along with an internal solvent cavity which is the likely binding site for the, as yet, unidentified sulfur-donor substrate. SQD1 is a member of the short-chain dehydrogenase/reductase (SDR) family of enzymes, and its structure shows a conservation of the SDR catalytic residues. Among several highly conserved catalytic residues, Thr-145 forms unusually short hydrogen bonds with both susceptible hydroxyls of UDP-glucose. A His side chain may also be catalytically important in the sulfonation.
Unilateral Posterior Lumbar Interbody Fusion (1985)

Two hundred sixteen patients were treated by a simplified unilateral posterior lumbar interbody fusion (U-PLIF) in which the disc was removed and replaced by bone. The disc was approached far laterally by removing two-thirds of the superior facet preserving most of the ligamentum flavum, removing the disc, decorticating in a semicircular fashion the adjacent vertebral bodies unilaterally close to the midline, and packing the anterior one-fourth of the interspace with cancellous bone chips. The bone chips were covered with up to five half-thickness bone dowels. Consolidation of the fusion and stabilization of the motion segment of Junghanns from either the cephalad or caudal end of the bone grafts were verified by motion roentgenographic films, CT scans, and/or examinations during the follow-up period, which ranged from 16 years to a minimum of one year. Of the 34 cases selected for CT scan, 25 had lateral reconstruction performed, and solid unilateral fusion was confirmed in 21 cases (84%). The advantages of the unilateral approach include an intact ligamentum flavum overlying nerve roots.
A Spatially Detailed and Economically Complete Blue Water Footprint of the United States (2017)

Abstract. This paper quantifies and maps a spatially detailed and economically complete blue water footprint for the United States, utilizing the National Water Economy Database version 1.1 (NWED). NWED utilizes multiple mesoscale federal data resources from the United States Geological Survey (USGS), the United States Department of Agriculture (USDA), the U.S. Energy Information Administration (EIA), the U.S. Department of Transportation (USDOT), the U.S. Department of Energy (USDOE), and the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS) to quantify water use, economic trade, and commodity flows to construct this water footprint. Results corroborate previous studies in both the magnitude of the U.S. water footprint (F) and in the observed pattern of virtual water flows. The median water footprint (FCUMed) of the U.S. is 181 966 Mm3 (FWithdrawal: 400 844 Mm3; FCUMax: 222 144 Mm3; FCUMin: 61 117 Mm3) and the median per capita water footprint (F'CUMed) of the U.S. is 589 m3 capita−1 (F'Withdrawal: 1298 m3 capita−1; F'CUMax: 720 m3 capita−1; F'CUMin: 198 m3 capita−1). The U.S. hydro-economic network is centered on cities and is dominated by the local and regional scales. Approximately (58 %) of U.S. water consumption is for the direct and indirect use by cities. Further, the water footprint of agriculture and livestock is 93 % of the total U.S. water footprint, and is dominated by irrigated agriculture in the Western U.S. The water footprint of the industrial, domestic, and power economic sectors is centered on population centers, while the water footprint of the mining sector is highly dependent on the location of mineral resources. Owing to uncertainty in consumptive use coefficients alone, the mesoscale blue water footprint uncertainty ranges from 63 % to over 99 % depending on location. Harmonized region-specific, economic sector-specific consumption coefficients are necessary to reduce water footprint uncertainties and to better understand the human economy's water use impact on the hydrosphere.
ICORD: Intelligent Collection of Redundant Data — A Dynamic System for Crowdsourcing Cell Segmentations Accurately and Efficiently (2016)

Segmentation is a fundamental step in analyzing biological structures in microscopy images. When state-of-the-art automated methods are found to produce inaccurate boundaries, interactive segmentation can be effective. Since the inclusion of domain experts is typically expensive and does not scale, crowdsourcing has been considered. Due to concerns about the quality of crowd work, quality control methods that rely on a fixed number of redundant annotations have been used. We here introduce a collection strategy that dynamically assesses the quality of crowd work. We propose ICORD (Intelligent Collection Of Redundant annotation Data), a system that predicts the accuracy of a segmented region from analysis of (1) its geometric and intensity-based features and (2) the crowd worker's behavioral features. Based on this score, ICORD dynamically determines if the annotation accuracy is satisfactory or if a higher-quality annotation should be sought out in another round of crowdsourcing. We tested ICORD on phase contrast and fluorescence images of 270 cells. We compared the performance of ICORD and a popular baseline method for which we aggregated 1,350 crowd-drawn cell segmentations. Our results show that ICORD collects annotations both accurately and efficiently. Accuracy levels are within 3 percentage points of those of the baseline. More importantly, due to its dynamic nature, ICORD vastly outperforms the baseline method with respect to efficiency. ICORD only uses between 27% and 50% of the resources, i.e., collection time and cost, that the baseline method requires.
Coordinated control of elements in Ubiquitous Power Networks to support Load Frequency Control (2009)

Within the carbon constrained world, virtually unrestricted integration of renewable energy sources into power networks is expected to become common in practice, making power systems to be more ubiquitous[1] in nature, structurally and operationally. Consequently, handling the intermittent and random behavior of renewable generation, thus Load Frequency Control (LFC), would become one of the major challenges in power systems operations in the future. In this paper we report a simple method that can support LFC of Ubiquitous Power Networks, rich in renewable generation. In the proposed method, frequency control support is achieved through the coordinated control of active power produced and consumed by various controllable system elements at distribution level where renewable generation is expected to appear in large scale. Simulation results obtained for a test system are also presented to demonstrate the effectiveness of proposed method.
Unusual essential oils with aromatic properties—I. Volatile components of <i>Stevia rebaudiana</i> bertoni (1985)

Abstract By combination of liquid‐solid chromatography, capillary GLC and mass spectrometry, the essential oil obtained by steam distillation from the dried leaves of Stevia rebaudiana Bertoni (Asteraceae) imported from Brazil, was analyzed. Caryophyllene oxide and spathulenol accounted for about 43% of the oil, which contained more than a hundred compounds, most of which were present only in traces; 54 components were identified. Also the essential oil obtained by steam distillation from fresh plants of Stevia , cultivated in the Botanical Garden of Turin University, was analyzed.