gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Analytical Method for Measurement of Tobacco-Specific Nitrosamines in E-Cigarette Liquid and Aerosol (2018)

An experimental method was developed and validated for the collection and analysis of tobacco-specific nitrosamines (TSNAs) that are present in electronic cigarette (EC) liquid or are released from aerosol samples using a liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) system. As part of this study, the relative recovery of four target TSNAs was assessed by spiking standards in a mixture of propylene glycol and vegetable glycerin. Recovery was assessed against two major variables: (1) the chemical media (solution) selected for sample dilution (acetonitrile [ACN] vs. ammonium acetate [AA]) and (2) the type of sampling filter used (Cambridge filter pad [CFP] vs. quartz wool [QW] tube). The average recovery of TSNAs in terms of variable 1 was 134 ± 22.1% for ACN and 92.6 ± 8.27% for AA. The average recovery in terms of variable 2 was 83.4 ± 7.33% for QW and 58.5 ± 12.9% for CFP. Based on these conditions, the detection limits of N′-nitrosonornicotine (NNN), 4-(methylnitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanone (NNK), N′-nitrosoanatabine (NAT), and N′-nitrosoanabasine (NAB) were calculated as 4.40, 4.47, 3.71, and 3.28 ng mL−1, respectively. The concentration of TSNAs in liquid and aerosol samples of six commercial EC solutions was measured as below the detection limit.
Evaluation of active hybrid fuel cell/battery power sources (2005)

Hybrid fuel cell/battery power sources have potentially widespread uses in applications wherein the power demand is impulsive rather than constant. Interposing a dc/dc converter between a fuel cell and a battery can create two configurations of actively controlled hybrid fuel cell/battery power sources. Those two configurations are compared using both theory and experiment with special attention to the peak power enhancement, and power losses in the converter. Both of the defined configurations were built, using a 35 W polymer electrolyte membrane (PEM) fuel cell, an 8-cell lithium-ion battery pack, and a high-efficiency power converter. Both two configurations yielded a peak power output of 135 W, about 4 times as high as the fuel cell alone could supply, with only a slight (13%) increase of weight. The converter losses were quantitatively analyzed. Which of the two configurations yields a smaller loss depends on the load power demand characteristics including peak power and load duty ratio. The study results provide guidance for the design of hybrid sources according to the particular load power requirements.
Refining Algorithm for the Design of Multilayer Filters (1973)

The refining method described in this paper is based, unlike the methods known up to now, on the combination of a special relaxation algorithm and a broad-band interpolation with respect to the layer parameters. It is shown that this combination is an essential requirement for the excellent convergence provided by this method, which is therefore applicable to rather complicated filter functions and gives useful solutions even for very rough initial filter designs. This algorithm is employed in the program package CALMIC (Calculation of Multilayer Interference Coatings) with considerable success. Two examples of applications illustrate the efficiency of the program.
GaaS workload characterization under NUMA architecture for virtualized GPU (2017)

Graphics-as-a-service (GaaS) is gaining popularity in cloud computing community. There is an emerging trend of running GaaS workload using virtualized GPU in current data center deployment. This paper provides a detailed characterization of GaaS workload under virtualized GPU NUMA environment, and found that: (1) GaaS workloads exhibit different behavior with GPGPU workloads by having more frequent real-time data exchange between CPU and GPU; (2) GaaS workloads have no NUMA overhead, whether considering the influence of remote memory access or the resource contention of CPU uncore. We also test the performance and power tradeoff among the frequency scaling of CPU clock, GPU core clock, and GPU memory clock. Characterization results show that (1) ondemand CPU frequency scaling achieves the best balance between performance and power consumption; (2) GaaS workloads are GPU-computation intensive. GPU memory frequency can be set lower to save energy with little performance sacrifice.
How Endothelial Cells Adapt Their Metabolism to Form Vessels in Tumors (2017)

Endothelial cells (ECs) line blood vessels, i.e., vital conduits for oxygen and nutrient delivery to distant tissues. While mostly present as quiescent "phalanx" cells throughout adult life, ECs can rapidly switch to a migratory "tip" cell and a proliferative "stalk" cell, and sprout into avascular tissue to form new blood vessels. The angiogenic switch has long been considered to be primarily orchestrated by the activity of angiogenic molecules. However, recent evidence illustrates an instrumental role of cellular metabolism in vessel sprouting, whereby ECs require specific metabolic adaptations to grow. Here, we overview the emerging picture that tip, stalk, and phalanx cells have distinct metabolic signatures and discuss how these signatures can become deregulated in pathological conditions, such as in cancer.
Toward computational determination of peptide‐receptor structure (1993)

We introduce a method for docking small flexible ligands of the size of dipeptides and phosphocholine and test it against crystallographic complexes. We then show how the method can be used as the basis for a strategy for solving the much more difficult problem of docking fully flexible peptides in the 8-10-residue size range. After developing the method we apply it to peptide-MHC class I systems and find that the predictions are in accord with biological and crystallographic data.
Lysosome-endosome fusion and lysosome biogenesis (2000)

Recent data both from cell-free experiments and from cultured cells have shown that lysosomes can fuse directly with late endosomes to form a hybrid organelle. This has a led to a hypothesis that dense core lysosomes are in essence storage granules for acid hydrolases and that, when the former fuse with late endosomes, a hybrid organelle for digestion of endocytosed macromolecules is created. Lysosomes are then re-formed from hybrid organelles by a process involving condensation of contents. In this Commentary we review the evidence for formation of the hybrid organelles and discuss the current status of our understanding of the mechanisms of fusion and lysosome re-formation. We also review lysosome biosynthesis, showing how recent studies of lysosome-like organelles including the yeast vacuole, Drosophila eye pigment granules and mammalian secretory lysosomes have identified novel proteins involved in this process.
Formation of the Jinchuan ultramafic intrusion and the world's third largest Ni‐Cu sulfide deposit: Associated with the ∼825 Ma south China mantle plume? (2005)

We report here SHRIMP U‐Pb geochronological, geochemical, and Nd isotopic data for the Jinchuan ultramafic intrusion (Gansu Province, China), which hosts the world's third largest magmatic Ni‐Cu sulfide deposits. U‐Pb baddeleyite analyses yield an age of 812 ± 26 Ma for the ultramafic intrusion. This age is indistinguishable within analytical uncertainties from the U‐Pb zircon ages of 827 ± 8 Ma and 828 ± 3 Ma for the sulfide‐bearing ultramafic rocks and the dolerite dykes that cut the ultramafic intrusion, respectively. These U‐Pb dating results show beyond doubt that the Jinchuan ultramafic intrusion and associated Ni‐Cu sulfide deposit were formed at ∼825 Ma, rather than ∼1500 Ma as has been widely believed. The ultramafic rocks exhibit large negative ɛNd(T) values (−8.9 to −12.0) that decrease with increasing La/Sm, suggesting that their parental magmas were derived from a long‐term enriched lithospheric mantle and experienced crustal contamination. Mineralogical, petrological, and geochemical data all indicate that the Jinchuan intrusion was generated by melting of the enriched lithospheric mantle heated by an anomalously hot plume. The U‐Pb ages of ∼825 Ma for igneous baddeleyites and zircons and ∼900–880 Ma for inherited zircons in the Jinchuan mafic‐ultramafic rocks are comparable with those in the Qaidam block and Qilian belt, the western extension of the Qinling belt that was likely derived from northern Yangtze craton. The Jinchuan Ni‐Cu sulfide‐bearing intrusion, along with coeval regional plume‐related mafic dykes and tholeiites, and mafic‐ultramafic complexes with associated V‐Ti and Ni‐Cu‐PGE mineralization, is interpreted to be genetically related to the ∼825 Ma south China mantle plume.
Skin Barrier Function and Its Importance at the Start of the Atopic March (2012)

Atopic dermatitis can be due to a variety of causes from nonatopic triggers to food allergy. Control of egress of water and protection from ingress of irritants and allergens are key components of cutaneous barrier function. Current research suggests that a degraded barrier function of the skin allows the immune system inappropriate access to environmental allergens. Epidermal aeroallergen exposure may allow sensitization to allergen possibly initiating the atopic march. Further research into connections between epidermal barrier function and possible allergen sensitization will be important to undertake. Future clinical trials focused on skin barrier protection may be of value as a possible intervention in prevention of the initiation of the atopic march.
Structured generative models for unsupervised named-entity clustering (2009)

We describe a generative model for clustering named entities which also models named entity internal structure, clustering related words by role. The model is entirely unsupervised; it uses features from the named entity itself and its syntactic context, and coreference information from an unsupervised pronoun resolver. The model scores 86% on the MUC-7 named-entity dataset. To our knowledge, this is the best reported score for a fully unsupervised model, and the best score for a generative model.
Development and Comparison of hERG Blocker Classifiers: Assessment on Different Datasets Yields Markedly Different Results (2011)

In recent years, considerable effort has been invested in the development of classification models for prospective hERG inhibitors, due to the implications of hERG blockade for cardiotoxicity and the low throughput of functional hERG assays. We present novel approaches for binary classification which seek to separate strong inhibitors (IC50 <1 µM) from 'non-blockers' exhibiting moderate (1-10 µM) or weak (IC50 ≥10 µM) inhibition, as required by the pharmaceutical industry. Our approaches are based on (discretized) 2D descriptors, selected using Winnow, with additional models generated using Random Forest (RF) and Support Vector Machines (SVMs). We compare our models to those previously developed by Thai and Ecker and by Dubus et al. The purpose of this paper is twofold: 1. To propose that our approaches (with Matthews Correlation Coefficients from 0.40 to 0.87 on truly external test sets, when extrapolation beyond the applicability domain was not evident and sufficient quantities of data were available for training) are competitive with those currently proposed in the literature. 2. To highlight key issues associated with building and assessing truly predictive models, in particular the considerable variation in model performance when training and testing on different datasets.
Persistent Atrial Fibrillation: The Role of Left Atrial Posterior Wall Isolation and Ablation Strategies (2021)

Atrial fibrillation (AF) is a global disease with rapidly rising incidence and prevalence. It is associated with a higher risk of stroke, dementia, cognitive decline, sudden and cardiovascular death, heart failure and impairment in quality of life. The disease is a major burden on the healthcare system. Paroxysmal AF is typically managed with medications or endocardial catheter ablation to good effect. However, a large proportion of patients with AF have persistent or long-standing persistent AF, which are more complex forms of the condition and thus more difficult to treat. This is in part due to the progressive electro-anatomical changes that occur with AF persistence and the spread of arrhythmogenic triggers and substrates outside of the pulmonary veins. The posterior wall of the left atrium is a common site for these changes and has become a target of ablation strategies to treat these more resistant forms of AF. In this review, we discuss the role of the posterior left atrial wall in persistent and long-standing persistent AF, the limitations of current endocardial-focused treatment strategies, and future perspectives on hybrid epicardial-endocardial approaches to posterior wall isolation or ablation.
The effect of applying lactic acid bacteria at ensiling on the aerobic stability of silages (1993)

The effect of applying commercial lactic acid bacteria inoculants at ensiling on the aerobic stability of silages was studied under laboratory conditions. The silages used were wheat, hedysarum, corn and various sorghum cultivars at various stages of maturity. Three inoculants were used, two containing Lactobacillus plantarum, Enterococcus faecium and Pediococcus acidilactici (H/M F, Medipharm, USA and Sil‐All, Alltech, UK) and one containing Ent. faecium (Lacticil, M74, Medipharm, Sweden). The inoculants were applied at 0.5 times 10 6 cfu g ‐1 . Silages with no additives served as controls. After treatment, the chopped forages were ensiled in 1.5 1 anaerobic jars; there were six jars per treatment. After ensiling for 45 d, the silages were tested for aerobic stability in a test in which CO 2 production was measured along with chemical and microbiological parameters. The inoculated silages that spoiled upon aerobic exposure faster than the controls were those of wheat and of the sorghum cultivar FS5 at the milk stage of maturity. This was evident from intensive CO 2 production and development of yeasts and moulds. Regression analysis indicated that aerobic deterioration of inoculated silages was associated with high levels of residual water‐soluble carbohydrates and lactic acid and lack of volatile fatty acids. Aerobic spoilage of inoculated silages was attributed mainly to yeast activity.
Rearrangement of 12q14‐15 in pulmonary chondroid hamartoma (1993)

Cytogenetic analysis of a pulmonary chondroid hamartoma showed an inv(12)(p13q14-15) as the sole abnormality. This finding together with previously reported data is an indication that the 12q14-15 region may be nonrandomly involved in the pathogenesis of this tumor type.
Protecting Strong Aluminium Alloys Against Stress-Corrosion With Sprayed Metal Coatings (1969)

Atmospheric stress-corrosion tests have been carried out for periods of up to 10 years on strong aluminium alloys protected with sprayed metal coatings of aluminium, zinc, and their alloys. High degrees of protection were obtained, but for the severest applications the level of the copper impurity in the coating metal had to be limited to 0·01% if maximum protection was required.
Present Application and Future Possibilities of Quick Charger for Electric Vehicle (2011)

<div class="section abstract"><div class="htmlview paragraph">Quick Charger does not only charge Electric Vehicle (EV) rapidly but also mitigate the range anxiety of drivers of EV. The drivers who have experienced the driving of EV often refer to the range anxiety to use up batteries on EV. Range anxiety tends to be overemphasized than what actually is, considering the usage pattern of EV. There is a report to show that the usage of EV has been promoted after the installation of Quick Chargers. Therefore, the build-up of charging infrastructure utilizing Quick Charger is indispensible for the penetration of EV into market. In this paper, discussed is the system configuration and function of present Quick Charger and prospect of future development of Quick Charger. To encourage the wide use of Quick Charger, Quick Charger is featured by versatility, user-friendliness and safety in the event of charging EV. In order to materialize versatility, Quick Charger complies with CHAdeMO protocol, which ensures the charging of various types of EV, as long as EV complies with CHAdeMO. With regards to the safety and reliability, several measures such as insulation checking, protection and supervision by self-checking are adopted to achieve the high level of safety for general public using Quick Charger. Following the guidance on the LCD display, the entire operation of charging can be completed safely and easily by pushing START button after the connection of the cable.</div></div>
Heterogeneous Bitwidth Binarization in Convolutional Neural Networks (2018)

Recent work has shown that fast, compact low-bitwidth neural networks can be surprisingly accurate. These networks use homogeneous binarization: all parameters in each layer or (more commonly) the whole model have the same low bitwidth (e.g., 2 bits). However, modern hardware allows efficient designs where each arithmetic instruction can have a custom bitwidth, motivating heterogeneous binarization, where every parameter in the network may have a different bitwidth. In this paper, we show that it is feasible and useful to select bitwidths at the parameter granularity during training. For instance a heterogeneously quantized version of modern networks such as AlexNet and MobileNet, with the right mix of 1-, 2- and 3-bit parameters that average to just 1.4 bits can equal the accuracy of homogeneous 2-bit versions of these networks. Further, we provide analyses to show that the heterogeneously binarized systems yield FPGA- and ASIC-based implementations that are correspondingly more efficient in both circuit area and energy efficiency than their homogeneous counterparts.
Boron uphill diffusion during ultrashallow junction formation (2003)

The recently observed phenomenon of boron uphill diffusion during low-temperature annealing of ultrashallow ion-implanted junctions in silicon has been investigated. It is shown that the effect is enhanced by preamorphization, and that an increase in the depth of the preamorphized layer reduces uphill diffusion in the high-concentration portion of boron profile, while increasing transient enhanced diffusion in the tail. The data demonstrate that the magnitude of the uphill diffusion effect is determined by the proximity of boron and implant damage to the silicon surface.
Molecular Profile of Tumor-Specific CD8+ T Cell Hypofunction in a Transplantable Murine Cancer Model (2016)

Abstract Mechanisms of self-tolerance often result in CD8+ tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TIL) with a hypofunctional phenotype incapable of tumor clearance. Using a transplantable colon carcinoma model, we found that CD8+ T cells became tolerized in &lt;24 h in an established tumor environment. To define the collective impact of pathways suppressing TIL function, we compared genome-wide mRNA expression of tumor-specific CD8+ T cells from the tumor and periphery. Notably, gene expression induced during TIL hypofunction more closely resembled self-tolerance than viral exhaustion. Differential gene expression was refined to identify a core set of genes that defined hypofunctional TIL; these data comprise the first molecular profile of tumor-specific TIL that are naturally responding and represent a polyclonal repertoire. The molecular profile of TIL was further dissected to determine the extent of overlap and distinction between pathways that collectively restrict T cell functions. As suggested by the molecular profile of TIL, protein expression of inhibitory receptor LAG-3 was differentially regulated throughout prolonged late-G1/early-S phase of the cell cycle. Our data may accelerate efficient identification of combination therapies to boost anti-tumor function of TIL specifically against tumor cells.
Detection of Treponema pallidum by a Fluorescent Monoclonal Antibody Test (1987)

Definitive diagnosis of early syphilis currently requires dark-field microscopy and/or a newly reactive serologic test for syphilis. The efficacy of dark-field microscopy depends on the availability of a microscope, the skill of the clinician in obtaining a specimen, and the expertise of the microscopist. Serologic diagnosis may be affected by the delay between the appearance of the primary chancre and the onset of serologic reactivity. We used a pathogen-specific fluorescein-conjugated monoclonal antibody to examine lesion exudates from 128 consecutive patients and compared these data with results of dark-field microscopy, the rapid plasma reagin (RPR) test, and the fluorescent treponemal antibody-absorbed (FTA-Abs) test. The monoclonal antibody test demonstrated Treponema pallidum in 48 (73%) of 66 patients with infectious syphilis, while dark-field microscopy was positive for 52 (79%) of 66 patients. None of 62 patients without syphilis was positive by either test. The FTA-Abs test was reactive for 61 patients (92%) of the 66 with infectious syphilis. Thus the fluorescent monoclonal antibody test for detection of T. pallidum in direct smears is as sensitive and specific as dark-field microscopy for the diagnosis of infectious syphilis. It has the potential to provide a convenient, accurate means for definitive diagnosis of genital ulcer disease by health care personnel without ready access to dark-field microscopy.
Interweavings: Threads of art education, poetry and phenomenological grapplings / Entrelacements : éléments d’éducation artistique, de poésie et questionnements phénoménologiques (2018)

Abstract: This three-authored paper describes our individual responses to a video, Dwelling, by Japanese artist Hiraki Sawa. The nine-minute video is a wordless, but not soundless, presentation of jet planes flying within the confines of the artist’s apartment. We chose the Youtube video in order to be able to share an artwork although we were working in three different cities at the time. Our responses consist of our individual poetic and visual (photographs, collage, paintings) interpretations of the video in conjunction with theory. We use phenomenology as our theoretical framework and underlying philosophy, and connect it with arts based research. Keywords: Art Education; Poetry; Visual Art; Phenomenology.Résumé : Trois auteurs relatent dans cet article leurs réactions personnelles au visionnement de la vidéo Dwelling de l’artiste japonais Hiraki Sawa. Cette vidéo de neuf minutes, sans paroles mais avec son, montre des avions à réaction volant à l’intérieur de l’appartement de l’artiste. Bien que travaillant dans trois villes différentes à ce moment là, nous avons choisi la diffusion sur Youtube pour partager cette œuvre d’art. Nos réactions sont en fait nos interprétations personnelles poétiques et visuelles (photos, collage, peintures) de cette vidéo accompagnées de points théoriques. Notre cadre théorique et notre philosophie sous-jacente s’inspirent de la phénoménologie pour établir un lien avec la recherche artistique. Mots-clés : éducation artistique, poésie, art visuel, phénoménologie.