gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
3D photography using shadows (1998)

A simple and inexpensive approach for extracting the three-dimensional shape of objects is presented. It is based on 'weak structured lighting;' it differs from previous structured lighting approaches in that it requires little hardware besides the camera: a light source (a desk-lamp or the sun), a stick and a checkerboard. The object, illuminated by the light source, is placed on a stage composed of a ground plane and a back plane; the camera faces the object. The user moves the stick in front of the light source, casting a moving shadow on the scene. The 3D shape of the object is extracted from the spatial and temporal location of the observed shadow. Experimental results are presented on three different scenes (indoor with a desk lamp and outdoor with the sun) demonstrating that the error in reconstructing the surface is less than 0.5% of the size of the object.
A Biological Signature for Breast Ductal Carcinoma <i>In Situ</i> to Predict Radiotherapy Benefit and Assess Recurrence Risk (2018)

The DS was prognostic for risk and predicted RT benefit for DCIS patients. DS identified a clinically meaningful low-risk group and a group with elevated 10-year risks that received substantial RT benefit over baseline.
Synthesis and In Vitro Opioid Receptor Functional Antagonism of Analogues of the Selective Kappa Opioid Receptor Antagonist (3<i>R</i>)-7-Hydroxy-<i>N</i>-((1<i>S</i>)-1-{[(3<i>R</i>,4<i>R</i>)-4-(3-hydroxyphenyl)-3,4-dimethyl-1-piperidinyl]methyl}-2-methylpropyl)-1,2,3,4-tetrahydro-3-isoquinolinecarboxamide (JDTic) (2008)

In previous structure-activity relationship (SAR) studies, we identified (3 R)-7-hydroxy- N-((1 S)-1-{[(3 R,4 R)-4-(3-hydroxyphenyl)-3,4-dimethyl-1-piperidinyl]methyl}-2-methylpropyl)-1,2,3,4-tetrahydro-3-isoquinolinecarboxamide (JDTic, 1) as the first potent and selective kappa opioid receptor antagonist from the trans-3,4-dimethyl-4-(3-hydroxyphenyl)piperidine class of opioid antagonist. In the present study, we report the synthesis and in vitro opioid receptor functional antagonism of a number of analogues of 1 using a [ (35) S]GTPgammaS binding assay. The results from the studies better define the pharmacophore for this class of kappa opioid receptor antagonist and has identified new potent and selective kappa antagonist. (3 R)-7-Hydroxy- N-[(1 S,2 S)-1-{[(3 R,4 R)-4-(3-hydroxyphenyl)-3,4-dimethylpiperidin-1-yl]methyl}-2-methylbutyl]-1,2,3,4-tetrahydroisoquinoline-3-carboxamide ( 3) with a K e value of 0.03 nM at the kappa receptor and 100- and 793-fold selectivity relative to the mu and delta receptors was the most potent and selective kappa opioid receptor antagonist identified.
Atmospheric-Pressure Plasma Cleaning of Contaminated Surfaces (2001)

Project was to develop a low-cost, environmentally benign technology for the decontamination and decommissioning of transuranic waste. With the invention of the atmospheric-pressure plasma jet the goal was achieved. This device selectively etches heavy metals from surfaces, rendering objects radiation free and suitable for decommissioning. The volatile reaction products are captured on filters, which yields a tremendous reduction in the volume of the waste. Studies on tantalum, a surrogate material for plutonium, have shown that etch rate of 6.0 microns per minute can be achieved under mild conditions. Over the past three years, we have made numerous improvements in the design of the plasma jet. It may now be operated for hundreds of hours and not undergo any degradation in performance. Furthermore, small compact units have been developed, which are easily deployed in the field.
A new approach for nonlinearity test of high speed DAC (2008)

In this work, we propose a novel test scheme for high speed digital-to-analog converter (DAC) based on under -sampling technique. The under-sampling technique is constructed by a pulse-width-modulation (PWM) modulator. The DAC output signal is modulated through a low frequency sinusoidal carrier and converted to low speed pulse signal. The pulse width of low speed pulse signal can be measured using conventional logic analyzer and the nonlinearity error of DAC can be estimated by analyzing the variation of pulse width. An experiment on 8-bits 50∼300MS/s DAC has shown very good result and only requires a set of instruments which have sample rate lower than that of the circuit-under-test (CUT).
High integrity transport of multimedia over ATM networks (2002)

Multimedia data transmission over asynchronous transfer mode (ATM) networks requires additional features not normally needed in networks. The potential for cell loss (coupled with the fact that traffic like video is delay sensitive) requires a scheme to handle situations where cells may be lost. This paper presents a method of recovering lost data and correcting random errors in cells. The method is compared to an existing proposal by the ITU-T for delay sensitive traffic. Results are presented for still picture transmission, though the algorithm has been successfully applied to motion video also.
Effect of Anode on the Capacity Loss of Li-ion Cells with Redox Shuttles During Overcharge (2013)

Redox shuttles provide a number of overcharge protection cycles for Li-ion cells. Cells with lithium anodes exhibit the largest number of protected overcharge cycles and cells with carbonaceous anodes exhibit the smallest number of protected overcharge cycles, with cells employing lithium titanate (LTO) anodes in the middle of these two extremes. Full cells with ANL-RS2 redox shuttle using lithium iron phosphate (LFP) cathodes and either graphite or LTO anodes were overcharge cycled and analyzed to explain the differing overcharge cycle life. The negative-to-positive (N/P) ratio of LFP-graphite cells decreases more rapidly than that of LFP-LTO cells, resulting in decreased overcharge cycle life. The redox shuttle ANL-RS2 likely undergoes oxidative dehydrogenation and oxygen insertion during overcharge cycling, perhaps catalyzed by the delithiated LFP cathode.
Newly engineered cyan fluorescent proteins with enhanced performances for live cell FRET imaging (2013)

Cyan fluorescent proteins (CFPs) derived from Aequorea victoria green fluorescent protein are the most widely used Förster resonant energy transfer (FRET) donors in genetically encoded biosensors for live-cell imaging and bioassays. However, the weak and complex fluorescence emission of cyan variants, such as enhanced cyan fluorescent protein (ECFP) or Cerulean, has long remained a major bottleneck in these FRET techniques. Recently, several CFPs with greatly improved performances, including mTurquoise, mTurquoise2, mCerulean3, and Aquamarine, have been engineered through a mixture of site-directed and large-scale random mutagenesis. This review summarizes the engineering and relative merits of these new cyan donors, which can readily replace popular CFPs in FRET imaging protocols, while reaching fluorescence quantum yields close to 90%, and unprecedented long, near-single fluorescence lifetimes of about 4 ns. These variants display an increased general photostability and much reduced environmental sensitivity, notably towards acid pH. These new, bright, and robust CFPs now open up exciting outlooks for fluorescence lifetime imaging microscopy and advanced quantitative FRET analyses in living cells. In addition, the stepwise engineering of Aquamarine shows that only two critical mutations in ECFP, and one in Cerulean, are required to achieve these performances, which brings new insights into the structural bases of their photophysical properties.
Large improvement in high-field critical current densities of Nb<sub>3</sub>Al conductors by the transformation-heat-based up-quenching method (2000)

The bcc supersaturated solid solution Nb(Al)ss obtained by rapid heating and quenching of a multifilamentary Nb/Al composite wire has shown a crystal structure change from a disordered to an ordered structure before transforming to the A15 Nb3Al phase. Such ordering of the bcc phase seems to be responsible for the A15 phase stacking faults that depress the critical temperature (Tc), the upper critical magnetic field (Bc2) and, hence, the critical current density (Jc) of Nb3Al in high fields. A heat treatment around 1000 °C, higher than conventional transformation temperatures by about 200 °C, suppresses the ordering and yields a new phenomenon termed the `transformation-heat-based up-quenching' (TRUQ). TRUQ is characterized by the self-heating of the bcc phase by the transformation heat, which propagates through the whole length of a composite wire and transforms it to Nb3Al. A subsequent annealing at 800 °C enhances the long-range ordering of the Nb3Al phase and drastically improves the high-field critical current densities of the Nb3Al conductors.
Synthesis of Carbon Nanomaterials through Up-Cycling Agricultural and Municipal Solid Wastes (2012)

This work addresses the synthesis of carbon nanomaterials (CNMs) by up-cycling common solid wastes. These feedstocks could supersede the use of costly and often toxic or highly flammable chemicals, such as hydrocarbon gases, carbon monoxide, and hydrogen, which are commonly used as feedstocks in current nanomanufacturing processes for CNMs. Agricultural sugar cane bagasse and corn residues, scrap tire chips, and postconsumer polyethylene (PE) and polyethylene terephthalate (PET) bottle shreddings were either thermally treated by sole pyrolysis or by sequential pyrolysis and partial oxidation. The resulting gaseous carbon-bearing effluents were then channeled into a heated reactor. CNMs, including carbon nanotubes, were catalytically synthesized therein on stainless steel meshes. This work revealed that the structure of the resulting CNMs is determined by the feedstock type, through the disparate mixtures of carbon-bearing gases generated when different feedstocks are pyrolyzed. CNM characterization was conducted by scanning and transmission electron microscopy as well as by Raman spectroscopy and by thermogravimetric analysis. Gas chromatography was used to characterize the gases in the synthesis chamber. This work demonstrated an alternative method for efficient manufacturing of CNMs using both biodegradable and nonbiodegradable agricultural and municipal carbonaceous wastes.
Leveraging Wire Properties at the Microarchitecture Level (2006)

In future microprocessors, communication will emerge as a major bottleneck. The authors advocate composing future interconnects of some wires that minimize latency, some that maximize bandwidth, and some that minimize power. A microarchitecture aware of these wire characteristics can steer on-chip data transfers to the most appropriate wires, thus improving performance and saving energy
Measurement of the intensity and phase of a femtosecond UV laser pulse in a single shot (1992)

We report and demonstrate what is to our knowledge the first measurement of the intensity and phase of a single femtosecond UV pulse. The technique, which we call frequency resolved optical gating (FROG), is inexpensive, easy to implement, and provides an output that graphically displays the instantaneous frequency vs. time of the pulse. It uses the well-known polarization-spectroscopy optical-gate arrangement with an instantaneously responding χ (3) sample medium such as quartz. Here, however, the pulse gates itself. The signal spectrum is then measured as a function of delay between the two input pulses. Because the gate is shorter than the input pulse, it reveals, for a given delay, the frequency of a particular temporal component of the ultrashort pulse. For reasonably well-behaved pulses, the output plot of intensity vs. frequency and delay graphically displays the pulse instantaneous frequency vs. time.
The Design, Operation, and Application of a Dynamic Gastric Model (2012)

The mechanical functioning of the stomach has been well researched (1). The contractions that mix, break up, and propel the gastric bolus in the main body and antrum have been described in detail and have been partially modeled mathematically. Because the antral forces are particularly important in the mixing and break up of food, they have been measured using manometers, pressure transducers, MRI imaging of agar beads of differing strength (2), and other methods (3, 4). The chemical and biochemical environment of the stomach, its acid and digestive enzymes, and their production and activity rates under different conditions have been studied for many years, and reference ranges established mainly for diagnostic purposes. All these areas have been extensively reviewed (5-7).
Broadband electromagnetic power harvester from vibrations via frequency conversion by impact oscillations (2014)

In this paper, we propose an electromagnetic power harvester that uses a transformative multi-impact approach to achieve a wide bandwidth response from low frequency vibration sources through frequency-up conversion. The device consists of a pick-up coil, fixed at the free edge of a cantilever beam with high resonant frequency, and two cantilever beams with low excitation frequencies, each with an impact mass attached at its free edge. One of the two cantilevers is designed to resonate at 25 Hz, while the other resonates at 50 Hz within the range of ambient vibration frequency. When the device is subjected to a low frequency vibration, the two low-frequency cantilevers responded by vibrating at low frequencies, and thus their thick metallic masses made impacts with the high resonance frequency cantilever repeatedly at two locations. This has caused it along with the pick-up coil to oscillate, relative to the permanent magnet, with decaying amplitude at its resonance frequency, and results in a wide bandwidth response from 10 to 63 Hz at 2 g. A wide bandwidth response between 10–51 Hz and 10–58 Hz at acceleration values of 0.5 g and 2 g, respectively, were achieved by adjusting the impact cantilever frequencies closer to each other (25 Hz and 45 Hz). A maximum output power of 85 μW was achieved at 5 g at 30 Hz across a load resistor, 2.68 Ω.
Method of forming low cost, formable High T(subc) superconducting wire (1989)

A ceramic superconductivity part, such as a wire, is produced through the partial oxidation of a specially formulated copper alloy in a core. The alloys contains low level of quantities of rare earth and alkaline earth dopant elements. Upon oxidation at high temperatures, and superconducting oxide phases are formed as a thin film.
Human Monoclonal Antibodies That React With the E2 Glycoprotein of Hepatitis C Virus and Possess Neutralizing Activity * (2005)

Abstract Active and/or passive immunoprophylaxis against hepatitis C virus (HCV) remain unachieved goals. Monoclonal antibodies might provide one approach to protection. We derived human monoclonal antibodies from the bone marrow of a patient with a well-controlled HCV infection of 22 years duration. Five distinct antibodies reactive with the E2 glycoprotein of the homologous 1a strain of HCV were recovered as antigen-binding fragments (FAbs). They demonstrated affinity constants as high as 2 nanomolar. “Neutralization of binding” titers paralleled the affinity constants. All five FAbs reacted with soluble E2 protein only in nonreducing gels, indicating that the relevant epitopes were conformational. The FAbs could be divided into two groups, based on competition analysis. Three of the FAbs neutralized the infectivity of pseudotyped virus particles (pp) bearing the envelope glycoproteins of the homologous HCV strain (genotype 1a). The three FAbs also neutralized genotype 1b pp and one also neutralized genotype 2a pp. In conclusion , one or more of these monoclonal antibodies may be useful in preventing infections by HCV belonging to genotype 1 or 2, the most medically important genotypes worldwide. (Hepatology 2005;42:1055–1062.)
Efficient Soft X-Ray Generation In Short Wavelength Laser Produced Plasmas (1986)

Intense x-ray generation in 1.053, 0.53, 0.26 µm laser-produced plasma has been investigated in the photon energy range of 0.1 to 3keV. The x-ray spectrum is found to have several humps which move to the higher energy side as the atomic number of the target increases. This atomic number dependence is explained by a semi-Moseley's law and allows us to predict a target material most suitable for generating the photons of desired energies. Conversion efficiencies of 1.5 rk, 3keV x-rays are obtained also as a function of laser wavelength at the intensity of 1013 W/cm2. The conversion efficiency of keV x rays has been enhanced by a factor of 2 % 3 with a controlled prepulse laser. From the semi-Moseley's law we find that cryogenic targets using either Xe or Kr in a liquid or solid phase may be most useful for a number of applications because they radiate 1 % 3 keV x rays efficiently and never deposit on the x-ray optical components and the objects to be exposed.
Earth fault protections with sensors (2013)

Earth faults are the most common type of fault in medium voltage networks. Earth fault (EF) protection based on residual current detection is therefore the basic protection used in protection systems. Since small isolated and compensated MV networks with low levels of earth fault currents are now increasing in popularity, the use of earth fault protection with residual current detection based on traditional methods and equipment is therefore partly limited. Medium Voltage sensors (low-power stand-alone sensors) based on non-conventional principles provide an alternative method of making the current and voltage measurements required by protection applications. This paper explains how the benefits of MV sensors are utilized in EF protection and describes particular tests carried out to verify this solution. (4 pages)
Epitopes associated with a synthetic hepatitis B surface antigen peptide. (1983)

A synthetic peptide (SP1), corresponding to the amino acid residues 122 through 137 of the major polypeptide derived from hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg), subtype ayw, was analyzed for the presence of the major epitopes of HBsAg. Both a cyclic form, produced by introduction of an intrachain disulfide bond, and a linear form of the peptide were characterized. A panel of monoclonal antibodies with defined specificity for the cross-reactive group a antigenic determinant(s) and for the y and w subtype specificities was used for this analysis. The cyclic, but not the linear, form of SP1 reacted with five of 14 anti-a monoclonal antibodies, demonstrating that the cyclic peptide contains a conformation-dependent a epitope. Only one anti-a antibody was found to react with both cyclic and linear forms of SP1. Because SP1 failed to react with the remaining 8 anti-a monoclonal antibodies, it was concluded that the a antigenic reactivity associated with HBsAg contains an additional epitope(s) unrelated to that expressed on SP1. Both cyclic and linear SP1 reacted with three of three anti-y monoclonal antibodies, indicating that a sequential y epitope is also present on SP1; no w reactivity was detected. Analysis of the idiotypes associated with the monoclonal antibodies showed those that combined with cyclic SP1 also inhibited the binding of a common human anti-HBs (CHBs) idiotype with its rabbit anti-idiotype serum, whereas a monoclonal antibody that did not react with the cyclic SP1 epitope failed to inhibit the CHBs idiotype-anti-idiotype reaction. Thus, the conformational a epitope present on cyclic SP1 appears to contain the predominant epitope recognized by humans in response to a natural HBV infection.
ROCK Inhibition by Fasudil as Disease-Modifying Translational Approach in the Treatment of Parkinson’s Disease and Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (P2.346) (2016)

Objective: To assess the effects of Fasudil in models of neurodegeneration. Background: Parkinson’s disease (PD) and Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) are prime examples of neurodegenerative disorders without disease-modifying treatment options. Rho kinase (ROCK) was recently described as a novel molecular target for neurodegeneration regulating cytoskeletal plasticity, cell survival and microglial response. Our recent work identified the ROCK inhibitor Fasudil as a promising drug candidate influencing several mechanisms with relevance to neurodegeneration. Methods: Oral treatment with Fasudil in animal models of PD and ALS. Results: Fasudil fostered neurite elongation and improved survival of midbrain neurons and motoneurons in vitro. These effects were mediated through inhibition of ROCK, increased actin plasticity and increased Akt phosphorylation. In the SOD1(G93A) mouse model of ALS, chronic Fasudil application starting before disease-onset resulted in increased survival and improved motor behavior, which was accompanied by an increased motoneuron size, reduced astrogliosis and increased microglia numbers in the anterior horn. Fasudil also increased the regenerative response at the neuromuscular junction and attenuated the release of cytokines and chemokines from activated microglia. Application of Fasudil in the MPTP-model of PD improved the survival of nigral dopaminergic neurons, increased nigrostriatal regeneration, and restored the levels of dopamine and it’s metabolites in the striatum, which was reflected by improved motor behavior. Improved regeneration in Fasudil-treated animals was also observed after unilateral 6-OHDA-injection. Interestingly, Fasudil additionally ameliorated the behavioral and cognitive deficits in mice overexpressing human alpha-Synuclein (A53T). We show, that Fasudil binds directly to alpha-synuclein and attenuates aggregation in cell free assays, in vitro and in vivo. Conclusions: Since Fasudil is already licensed for human use for the treatment of subarachnoid hemorrhage-induced vasospasms and has a very favorable safety profile, our data strengthens the value of Fasudil as a highly promising pharmacological candidate for disease-modifying therapies in ALS and PD.
P2TSS: Time-shifted and live streaming of video in peer-to-peer systems (2008)

In this study, we propose P2TSS, a novel peer-to-peer streaming system which can provide live and time-shifted streams. To achieve time-shifting in a peer-to-peer system, video contents are segmented and spread out in the local caches of participating peers. We present two lightweight distributed cache algorithms: initial play-out position caching and live stream position caching. These algorithms enable peers to locally decide which video blocks to cache for sharing with other peers. We provide an extensive analysis of these cache algorithms to derive the availability of video blocks and the average number of available peers for a certain video block at a given time. Our simulations show that P2TSS achieves low server stress by fully utilizing peerspsila local cache and uplink bandwidth.