gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Real-Time Machine Learning for Air Quality and Environmental Noise Detection (2020)

In metropolitan cities, outdoor air pollution and ambient outdoor noise transmission are significant environmental hazards, degrading indoor environmental quality. Natural ventilation is often a viable option for diluting indoor air pollutants, but transportation noise transmission is a crucial ecological conflict. Therefore, personal control over the concentration of outdoor/indoor air pollutants and noise levels is a significant threshold for natural ventilation availability. This study proposes real-time data detection and notification solutions using sensors and artificial intelligence (AI) to improve indoor air quality and outdoor air quality and outdoor noise transmission. An intelligent real-time detection and notification system was implemented in a distributed computing framework with cloud and edge computing. The objective of this study is placed on three facets: (1) development of sensors and NVIDIA Jetson Nano prototype for air quality and noise level detection, (2) application of machine learning for air quality and noise level prediction and classification, and (3) web interface for real-time monitoring and prediction for air quality and noise level detection. The results showed that the proposed user interface provides building occupants with real-time data of outdoor/indoor Air Quality Index (AQI) and noise levels for the optimized occupant control over Indoor Air Quality (IAQ). The personal control over indoor environmental quality (IEQ) enables occupants to promote natural ventilation behaviors and integrate with the existing building system on optimized IEQ by interacting with AI-based real-time data.
Mesa redonda: importancia de los alergenos en el asma infantil: Implicación clínica de la reactividad cruzada entre alergenos (2004)

La Reactividad Cruzada (RC) expresa el desarrollo de sintomas como consecuencia de la presencia de IgE especifica frente a una fuente proteica sin que haya existido contacto previo con la misma. La RC depende de factores como la respuesta inmune del individuo, del tipo e intensidad de la exposicion y, sobre todo, de la naturaleza del alergeno. En este sentido, la identificacion de Pan-alergenos, presentes en diferentes fuentes de origen animal y vegetal, compartiendo una gran similitud estructural y secuencial, incluso entre especies taxonomicamente muy poco relacionadas, explica la existencia de diferentes sindromes de RC bien definidos. El conocimiento de estos hechos puede tener importantes consecuencias de tipo diagnostico y terapeutico.
Heavy metal ion removal by thiol functionalized aluminum oxide hydroxide nanowhiskers (2017)

In this study, we developed a cost effective method of using thiol functionalized γ-aluminum oxide hydroxide (γ-AlOOH) filters for removing three key heavy metals from water: mercury, lead, and cadmium under non-concomitant conditions. Compared to non-thiol treated γ-AlOOH filters, the introduction of thiol functional groups greatly improved the heavy metal removal efficiency under both static and dynamic filtration conditions. The adsorption kinetics of thiol functionalized γ-AlOOH were investigated using the Lagergren first order and pseudo-second order kinetics models; whereas the isothermal adsorption behavior of these membranes was revealed through the Langmuir and Freundlich models. Heavy metal concentration was quantified by Inductively Coupled Plasma-Mass Spectroscopy, and the thiol level on γ-AlOOH surface was measured by a colorimetric assay using Ellman's reagent. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy was used to further address the surface sulfur state on the membranes after heavy metal exposure. Mechanisms for heavy metal adsorption were also discussed.
Curriculum Learning for Natural Answer Generation (2018)

By reason of being able to obtain natural language responses, natural answers are more favored in real-world Question Answering (QA) systems. Generative models learn to automatically generate natural answers from large-scale question answer pairs (QA-pairs). However, they are suffering from the uncontrollable and uneven quality of QA-pairs crawled from the Internet. To address this problem, we propose a curriculum learning based framework for natural answer generation (CL-NAG), which is able to take full advantage of the valuable learning data from a noisy and uneven-quality corpus. Specifically, we employ two practical measures to automatically measure the quality (complexity) of QA-pairs. Based on the measurements, CL-NAG firstly utilizes simple and low-quality QA-pairs to learn a basic model, and then gradually learns to produce better answers with richer contents and more complete syntaxes based on more complex and higher-quality QA-pairs. In this way, all valuable information in the noisy and uneven-quality corpus could be fully exploited. Experiments demonstrate that CL-NAG outperforms the state-of-the-arts, which increases 6.8% and 8.7% in the accuracy for simple and complex questions, respectively.
Application of Ce<sup>3+</sup> single-doped complexes as solar spectral downshifters for enhancing photoelectric conversion efficiencies of a-Si-based solar cells (2013)

The effect on photoelectric conversion efficiency of an a-Si-based solar cell by applying a solar spectral downshifter of rare earth ion Ce3+ single-doped complexes including yttrium aluminum garnet Y3Al5O12 single crystals, nanostructured ceramics, microstructured ceramics and B2O3–SiO2–Gd2O3–BaO glass is studied. The photoluminescence excitation spectra in the region 360–460 nm convert effectively into photoluminescence emission spectra in the region 450–550 nm where a-Si-based solar cells exhibit a higher spectral response. When these Ce3+ single-doped complexes are placed on the top of an a-Si-based solar cell as precursors for solar spectral downshifting, theoretical relative photoelectric conversion efficiencies of nc-Si:H and a-Si:H solar cells approach 1.09–1.13 and 1.04–1.07, respectively, by means of AMPS-1D numerical modeling, potentially benefiting an a-Si-based solar cell with a photoelectric efficiency improvement.
On-line careers work – hit and myth (2022)

Much of careers work is located on-line and this article examines what on-line careers work does well. That makes the internet a careers-work hit; but there are also internet myths. And the article identifies them as camouflaging what is at times no worse than a shortfall, but which can also do actual damage. So there are issues. The article sets out evidence to show how careers work is well-equipped to deal with them. The conclusion illustrates the need for what it calls ‘grasp’, ‘reach’ and ‘embodiment’: grasp enables critical thinking in an on-line search for reliable learning reach connects on-line learning to off-line usefulness embodiment internalises on-line experience as off-line identity. All require direct-and-personal conversation between careers workers and their clients-and-students. The article therefore significantly repositions careers work in relation to the net. And in relation to policy.
Central CRF inhibits gastric emptying of a nutrient solid meal in rats: the role of CRF<sub>2</sub>receptors (1998)

Corticotropin-releasing factor (CRF)-related peptides exhibit different affinity for the receptor subtypes 1 and 2 cloned in the rat brain. We investigated, in conscious rats, the effects of intracisternal (i.c.) injection of CRF (rat/human) on the 5-h rate of gastric emptying of a solid nutrient meal (Purina chow and water ad libitum for 3 h) and the CRF receptor subtype involved. CRF, urotensin I (suckerfish), and sauvagine (frog) injected i.c. inhibited gastric emptying in a dose-dependent manner, with ED50 values of 0.31, 0.13, and 0.08 microgram/rat, respectively. Rat CRF-(6-33) (0.1-10 micrograms i.c.) had no effect. The nonselective CRF1 and CRF2 receptor antagonist, astressin, injected i.c. completely blocked the inhibitory effect of i.c. CRF, urotensin I, and sauvagine with antagonist-to-agonist ratios of 3:1, 10:1, and 16:1, respectively. The CRF1-selective receptor antagonist NBI-27914 injected i.c. at a ratio of 170:1 had no effect. These data show that central CRF and CRF-related peptides are potent inhibitors of gastric emptying of a solid meal with a rank order of potency characteristic of the CRF2 receptor subtype affinity (sauvagine > urotensin I > CRF). In addition, the reversal by astressin but not by the CRF1-selective receptor antagonist further supports the view that the CRF2 receptor subtype is primarily involved in central CRF-induced delayed gastric emptying.
Construction Lending: The Mortgagee's Right to Inspect the Construction Project and Duty to Ensure Proper Disbursement of Construction Loan Proceeds (1992)

This Note focuses on the extent of the lender's liability to the borrower for quantity and quality defects that may arise during the construction phase of the project.Lenders' liability to third parties who are not part of the debtor-creditor relationslp, such as contractors, subcontractors, materialmen or suppliers, is beyond the scope of this Note.Likewise, this Note will not attempt to address a lender's liability for financing the purchase of an existing building or home that may have preexisting structural defects.For a general discussion of this latter issue, see Craig R. Thorstenson, Note, Mortgage Lender Liability to the Purduhsera of New
Smatch: an Evaluation Metric for Semantic Feature Structures (2013)

The evaluation of whole-sentence semantic structures plays an important role in semantic parsing and large-scale semantic structure annotation. However, there is no widely-used metric to evaluate wholesentence semantic structures. In this paper, we present smatch, a metric that calculates the degree of overlap between two semantic feature structures. We give an efficient algorithm to compute the metric and show the results of an inter-annotator agreement study.
Metal–Organic Framework-Templated Synthesis of Bifunctional N-Doped TiO<sub>2</sub>–Carbon Nanotablets via Solid-State Thermolysis (2016)

Porous nitrogen-doped TiO2–carbon hybrid nanotablets were prepared via one-step solid-state thermolysis of amino-functionalized titanium metal–organic framework NH2-MIL-125(Ti). Amorphous, anatase, rutile, or mixture phases of TiO2 were obtained controllably by manipulating pyrolysis temperature. The anionic N- in NH2-MIL-125(Ti)’s 3D structure formed as pyridinic nitrogen and pyrrolic nitrogen into the graphene layer. Meanwhile, a programmed evolution of the porous structure of the resultant composites, i.e., microporous, hierarchically micro/mesoporous, and mesoporous, was presented systematically. The morphology and specific nanoporous structure of the products are conferred by the metal–organic framework template. The resultant composites with hierarcical meso/miciroporous structures showed highly improved CO2 uptake ability compared with those of commercial P25 TiO2, g-C3N4, and 3D graphene. TiO2 nanoparticles are well dispersed in the porous nitrogen-doped carbon matrix, endowing the obtained composites with effective photocatalytic activity. The nitrogen-doped TiO2–carbon nanotablets with hierarchically micro/mesoporous structure and anatase/rutile heterostructure exhibited the best photocatalytic performance with excellent adsorption capacity toward organic dyes. Results also indicated that the optimized composite possessed excellent long-term stability and regeneration ability. Benefiting from their versatile pore structure, heteroatom doping, and semiconductor incorporation, the nitrogen-doped TiO2–carbon composites derived from metal–organic frameworks could find various potential applications, especially for sustainable chemistry and engineering.
A Self-Adjustable Clock Generator With Wide Dynamic Range in 28 nm FDSOI (2016)

This work demonstrates a self-adjustable clock generator that closely tracks the voltage dependence of the critical path delay in a microprocessor. A tunable replica circuit (TRC) composed of inverter cells from the standard-cell library performs real-time frequency modulation to reduce the response time to a single cycle, and a digital controller quantizes the clock frequency by selecting appropriate phases of a delay-locked loop (DLL) that generates 16 phases of 2 GHz output. A watchdog unit continuously monitors the clock output to guard against metastability arising from the asynchronous path between the controller and the DLL. The proposed design is implemented in a 28 nm UTBB FDSOI technology and occupies an area of 1120 μm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> with 2.7 mW power consumption. The generator has a wide tuning range of 550-2260 MHz at 1 V, functions at 35 MHz at 0.4 V, and can continuously synthesize the clock signal for arbitrary voltage waveforms between 0.4 V and 1 V.
Vapor phase epitaxy of GaN usingGaCl3N2 andNH3N2 (1996)

Thermodynamic calculations were done on chloride transport vapor phase epitaxy of GaN usingGaCl3N2 andNH3N2. At typical growth temperature and gas flow rates, both GaN formation and gas phase etching reactions of GaN were thermodynamically favored. Under thermodynamic equilibrium, most ammonia should decompose to nitrogen and hydrogen gases and gas phase etching of GaN occurs by HCl. From experimental measurements, less than 10% of the incoming ammonia decomposes and under this condition, GaN formation fromGaCl3N2 andNH3N2 is thermodynamically favored. This calculation matches our experimental results. Experimentally, we have optimized the growth conditions of GaN. High crystalline quality thick GaN films (10–15 μm) were grown on c-Al2O3. The GaN films show band-edge emission dominated PL at both room temperature and 77 K. From the ø-scan, the GaN films grown on c-Al2O3 are single crystalline. The typical growth rates were about 10–15 μm/h.
Analysis of FDA Approved Anticancer Drugs Reveals the Future of Cancer Therapy (2004)

This review discusses 26 new anticancer drugs approved by the FDA in the past decade. Based on their targets, these anticancer agents can be divided into three groups. First group contains cancer-selective or semi-selective drugs that are effective in rare kinase- addictive cancers. For other malignancies, semi-selective drugs have to be judiciously combined with nonselective agents. The second group includes analogs of classic cytotoxic agents such as DNA alkylating agents, nucleoside analogs, and anti-microtubule agents. As expected, they have a marginal advantage over the existing cytotoxic drugs, nevertheless are more effective (in common cancers) than semi-selective agents. The third is a diverse group of tissue-selective agents that essentially attack the normal tissues of tumor origin and thus exploit the tissue-specific similarities between normal and cancer cells. Our analysis predicts that monotherapy with semi-selective agents will be limited to rare cancers. In most cancers, however, two anticancer strategies may be most fruitful: (a) combinations of cytotoxic drugs with semi-selective agents aimed at matching targets and (b) tissue-selective therapy aimed at normal and tumor cells of the same tissues.
A variational formulation for frame-based inverse problems (2007)

A convex variational framework is proposed for solving inverse problems in Hilbert spaces with a priori information on the representation of the target solution in a frame. The objective function to be minimized consists of a separable term penalizing each frame coefficient individually, and a smooth term modelling the data formation model as well as other constraints. Sparsity-constrained and Bayesian formulations are examined as special cases. A splitting algorithm is presented to solve this problem and its convergence is established in infinite-dimensional spaces under mild conditions on the penalization functions, which need not be differentiable. Numerical simulations demonstrate applications to frame-based image restoration.
Action Mechanisms of Androgen Receptor. (1999)

The androgen receptor(AR) belongs to the steroid hormone receptor superfamily that is a ligand dependent transcription factor. It can regulate gene transcription through binding to specific DNA element. The action mechanism of androgen receptors is summarized with a special emphasis on the specificity of the function of androgen receptors.
Capacity of fading MIMO channels with channel estimation error (2004)

In this paper, we investigate the effect of channel estimation error on the capacity of multiple input multiple output (MIMO) systems in i.i.d. Rayleigh flat-fading channels. We study lower and upper bounds of mutual information under channel estimation error, and show that the two bounds are tight for Gaussian inputs. It is seen that the mutual information increases with the. number of antennas, but is limited by channel estimation error at high SNR. We also derive tight lower bounds of ergodic and outage capacities and optimal transmitter power allocation strategies that achieve the bounds. For the ergodic capacity, the optimal strategy is a modified waterfilling over the spatial (subchannel) and temporal (fading) domain. For the outage capacity, it is a spatial waterfilling and temporal truncated channel inversion. Numerical results show that some capacity gain is obtained by spatial power allocation. Temporal power adaptation, on the other hand, gives negligible gain in terms of ergodic capacity, but greatly enhances outage performance.
Physiological significance of <scp>L</scp>-amino acid sensing by extracellular Ca2+-sensing receptors (2007)

The calcium-sensing receptor is a multimodal, multimetabolic sensor that mediates the feedback-dependent control of whole body calcium metabolism. Remarkably, in addition to its role in Ca(2+)(o) (extracellular Ca(2+)) sensing, the CaR (Ca(2+)-sensing receptor) also responds to L-amino acids. L-amino acids appear to activate, predominantly, a signalling pathway coupled with intracellular Ca(2+) mobilization, require a threshold concentration of Ca(2+)(o) for efficacy and sensitize the receptor to activation by Ca(2+)(o). Here, we review the evidence that the CaR, like other closely related members of the class 3 GPCR (G-protein-coupled receptor) family including GPRC6A, is a broad-spectrum amino acid-sensing receptor, consider the nature of the signalling response to amino acids and discuss its physiological significance.
Produkte der Dimerisierung ungesättigter Fettsäuren VIII: Über die Zusammensetzung der Fraktion der “Intermediates” bei der Fettsäuredimerisierung (1992)

Abstract Die “Intermediate”‐Fraktion, die bei der Dimerisierung ungesättigter Fettsäuren anfällt, enthält geradkettige gesättigte Fettsäuren mit 20‐24 C‐Atomen sowie deren methylverzweigte Isomere. Die Bildung dieser Verbindungen ist auf die Gegenwart kleiner Anteile einfach ungesättigter Säuren mit 20‐24 C‐Atomen im Ausgangsmaterial rückführbar. Ferner enthält die “Intermediate”‐Fraktion Monocarbonsäuren mit 36 C‐Atomen. Diese entstehen wahrscheinlich nach Dimerisierung durch intramolekulare Cyclisierung unter Beteiligung einer Carbonylgruppe mit nachfolgender Hydrierung der entstandenen Carbonylgruppe, gefolgt von einer Wasserabspaltung und Hydrierung.
Simple profile monitor for low intensity, low-duty cycle pulse ion beams (1981)

A simple beam profile monitor useful for rapid optimization of low intensity, low duty cycle pulse ion beams is described. It is based on a fixed multiwire beam detector.
A NOVEL SYNTHESIS AND CHARACTERIZATION OF POLY[4-IMINO(N-4-ETHYLBENZOATE)BENZENE P-STYRENESULPHONATE] AND THE INVESTIGATION ON POLYMER ABILITY FOR DRUG RELEASE (2001)

The present paper describes the release of benzocaine from polymer carder. The chemically controlled release method has been applied in which the benzocaine (drug) with active group (NH2) links up with the spacer group (p-hydroxybenzaldehyde) by imine bond formation. The resulting schiff base reacts with the monomer p-styrenesulphonyl chloride. The obtained monomer is polymerized by AIBN as an initiator at the temperature range &amp;0–70 &apos; C. The obtained polymer was identified by IR and NMR spectroscopies. Gel permeation chromatography (GPC) was used for determination of average molecular weight of drug pendant polymer. The hydrolysis of dog polymer conjugates was carried out in cellophane membrane dialysis bag containing aqueous buffer solution (pH 1.2) at 37 &apos;C. Detection of hydrolysis solution by UV spectroscopy showed that the drug can be released by hydrolysis of imine bond between the drug and spacer group. Key Words: controlled drug release, synthesis, polymeric prodrug, benzocaine
Biological control of cereal Aphids with Entomophthorales (1984)

Research done in France on Entomophthorales attacking cereal aphids gave published results in very numerous fields: biology, ecology, syste- matics, biochemical characterization of strains, physiology of growth and sporulation, production and formulation of inoculum, measure of infectivity, determination of factors governing the pathogenicity. Under oceanic climate, in western France, Erynia neoaphidis is the most effective and constant natural enemy of cereal aphids. In continental France the effect of Entomophthorales is more irregular but E. neoaphidis and Entomophthora planchoniana can develop spectacular epizootics. In green houses it is possible to permanently establish the disease after spraying an industrially produced inoculum. However the enzootic development of the entomophthorosis is not able to prevent the increase of the aphid populations. Major difficulties are: selection of the best suitable strain for the control strategy, depending on the population level, and obtaining an inoculum physiologically closer to that natural one. When taking into consideration the leading part often played by Entomophthorales in the regulation of aphid populations, further research is needed in these priority areas.
<scp>COVID</scp> ‐19 and Older Adults: What We Know (2020)

Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), a novel virus that causes COVID-19 infection, has recently emerged and caused a deadly pandemic. Studies have shown that this virus causes worse outcomes and a higher mortality rate in older adults and those with comorbidities such as hypertension, cardiovascular disease, diabetes, chronic respiratory disease, and chronic kidney disease (CKD). A significant percentage of older American adults have these diseases, putting them at a higher risk of infection. Additionally, many adults with hypertension, diabetes, and CKD are placed on angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors and angiotensin II receptor blockers. Studies have shown that these medications upregulate the ACE-2 receptor, the very receptor that the SARS-CoV-2 virus uses to enter host cells. Although it has been hypothesized that this may cause a further increased risk of infection, more studies on the role of these medications in COVID-19 infections are necessary. In this review, we discuss the transmission, symptomatology, and mortality of COVID-19 as they relate to older adults, and possible treatments that are currently under investigation. J Am Geriatr Soc 68:926-929, 2020.