gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Hadamard Transform-Based Optimized HEVC Video Coding (2018)

The High Efficiency Video Coding (HEVC/H.265) standard achieves great improvement in compression efficiency over the widely used H.264/AVC standard at a cost of much higher complexity. When encoding videos using HEVC, the selection of the quantization parameter (QP) can significantly affect the coding efficiency. Typical algorithms for adaptive quantization employ fixed bitrate budgeting or fixed QP offsets for different frames and different blocks, without considering detailed input video characteristics, some of which might be captured using computer vision methods. The problem of determining adaptive settings of HEVC coding parameters has not been satisfactorily solved. In this paper, we proposed a Hadamard (“HAD”) energy-based optimized HEVC video encoder, in which HAD energy is used to measure the amount of residual information to be encoded in a block so as to determine the QP value for each block for a better coding efficiency. HAD energy is also used to expedite the time-consuming mode decision process and for a precise scene change detection to avoid flicker artifacts. Experiment using the widely used open source HEVC encoder x265-v1.8 showed that the proposed algorithm was able to achieve an average of 14% saving in Bjøntegaard-delta-rate and an average of 20% saving in encoding time as compared the “medium” preset of x265, while the proposed algorithm also produced an improvement of 3.3% in coding efficiency for the HEVC reference software HM-16.6.
A <i>Drosophila</i> Mechanosensory Transduction Channel (2000)

Mechanosensory transduction underlies a wide range of senses, including proprioception, touch, balance, and hearing. The pivotal element of these senses is a mechanically gated ion channel that transduces sound, pressure, or movement into changes in excitability of specialized sensory cells. Despite the prevalence of mechanosensory systems, little is known about the molecular nature of the transduction channels. To identify such a channel, we analyzed Drosophila melanogaster mechanoreceptive mutants for defects in mechanosensory physiology. Loss-of-function mutations in the no mechanoreceptor potential C (nompC) gene virtually abolished mechanosensory signaling. nompC encodes a new ion channel that is essential for mechanosensory transduction. As expected for a transduction channel, D. melanogaster NOMPC and a Caenorhabditis elegans homolog were selectively expressed in mechanosensory organs.
Performance Comparison of Single-Phase Forced-Oscillating-Flow Heat-Pipes (2003)

In the present work, for both a COSMOS-HP (Counter-Stream-Mode Oscillating-Flow Heat Pipe) and a dream pipe, the optimum conditions yielding the highest effective thermal conductivity and/or the highest operating coefficient are analyzed for oscillating flows of a given amplitude S. The parameters used in the optimization are the thermophysical properties of the operating liquid, the channel size and the frequency of oscillating flow. Based on the analytical results of the optimum conditions, both the optimum liquid and the optimum oscillating flow conditions are discussed. The highest effective thermal conductivity of COSMOS-HP is compared with that of a dream pipe, and it is found that the former is much higher than the latter.
Semiautomatic off‐resonance correction in spiral imaging (2008)

Spiral scanning is a promising MRI method, but one limitation is that off-resonance effects can cause image blurring. Most current off-resonance correction methods for spiral imaging require an accurate field map, which is difficult to obtain in many applications. Automatic methods can perform off-resonance correction without acquiring a field map. However, these methods are computationally inefficient and relatively prone to estimation error. This study describes a new semiautomatic off-resonance correction method that combines an automatic method with a low resolution field map acquisition for off-resonance correction in spiral scanning. Experiments demonstrate that this method is more robust than conventional automatic off-resonance correction and can provide more accurate off-resonance correction than conventional field map based methods. The proposed method is also computationally efficient and has been implemented for online reconstruction.
Patient-Specific Computational Abdominal Wall Modeling: Application to Mid-Line Laparotomy Closure (2013)

A patient-specific computational finite element modeling of the abdominal wall (AW) has been developed to enable biomechanical analysis for customizing and optimizing AW surgical treatments. The methodology consisted on the identification by reverse engineering of patient-specific AW characteristics for physiological pressure settings. The approach combined in vivo experiments and numerical simulations. As a first application, a patient specific model was used to simulate mid-line incision closure technique.
Solid-State Electrochemistry in Molecule/TiO[sub 2] Molecular Heterojunctions as the Basis of the TiO[sub 2] “Memristor” (2008)

Thin-layer carbon/molecule/ electronic junctions with thick molecular layers exhibit voltage-induced conductance switching, which may be repeated for at least hundreds of read/set/read/erase cycles. A fluorene(Fl)/ junction can be switched to a higher conductance "set" state by a positive voltage pulse and brought back to the lower conductance "erased" state by a negative pulse. Similar conductance changes occurred following exposure to or UV radiation, and the conductance change is completely inhibited in a dry atmosphere. The bias-induced conductance switching of junctions is consistent with electrochemical reduction of oxide to the much more conductive oxide, analogous to a solid-state redox reaction. The observations are consistent with reduction of hydroxylated sites to a much more conductive oxide by the electrons injected into the during a positive voltage pulse. If Fl is replaced by aminodecane or nitroazobenzene, the conductance switching is modified slightly, consistent with being the active switching component. The results bear directly on the origin of the hysteresis observed in -based junctions and also on their suitability as examples of recently reported "memristors" [ J. J. Yang , M. D. Pickett , X. Li , D. Ohlberg , D. Stewart , and R. S. Williams , Nat. Nanotechnol. , 3 , 429 (2008) ].
Effects of Antrodia Camphorata Supplementation on Anti-fatigue Effects in Rats (2010)

LANGUAGE NOTE | Document text in English; abstract also in Chinese. This study investigated the effects of antrodia camphorata (AC) supplementation on anti-fatigue effects after a single bout of exhaustive exercise in rats. Thirty-two rats were randomly divided into four groups: control (C, n=8); C with antrodia camphorata supplementation (A, n=8); exhaustive exercise (E, n=8); exhaustive exercise with AC supplementation (AE, n=8). Rats in groups A and AE received a 0.2 c.c. (kg/wt/day) AC supplementation for two weeks. Rats in groups E and AE performed an exhaustive running test on a treadmill at a final speed of 30m/min, 10% grade, at approximately 70-­75% VO2max. Blood samples of each rat were collected. The concentrations of glucose, lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), uric acid, creatinine, and creatine kinase (CK) in blood were examined. The results showed a significant increase in exhaustive exercise time of AE group (78.79±9.09 min) compared with E group (67.77±9.22 min). The activities of CK, LDH, and blood creatinine concentration significantly increased in exercised rats (1227.40±553.24 U/I, 2108.32±513.99 U/I, 0.76±0.19 mg/ dl) compared with control group rats (358.98±125.53 U/I, 956.89±597.13 U/I, 0.5±0.15 mg/dl) and AE group rats (774.13±203.38 U/I, 1300.93±513.99 U/I, 0.5±0.05 mg/dl). The glucose in the plasma significantly decreased in E group rats (133.88±61.84 mg/dl) compared with C group rats (209.63±69.13 mg/dl) and AE group rats(188.88±60.32 mg/dl). The results indicate that AC supplementation could decrease CK, LDH activities. It may help for anti-fatigue effects. 本研究的目的在探討，樟芝補充劑對老鼠經單次衰竭運動後對抗疲勞作用的影響，三十二隻老鼠隨機分配為以下四組：控制組(C, n=8) 、樟芝組(A, n=8，補充樟芝，沒有運動)、運動組(E, n=8)、樟芝運動組(AE, n=8，補充樟芝，有運動)，補充樟芝組(A & AE)的老鼠，每天補充每公斤體重0.2毫升的樟芝補充劑，持續兩週，衰竭運動組(E & AE)的老鼠需在鼠用跑步機上進行衰竭運動，運動強度約70~75%最大攝氧量，最終跑步機速度為30公尺/分鐘，坡度為10%。收集老鼠血液樣本，測量血糖、乳酸去氫酶、尿酸、肌酸酐、肌酸激酶。研究結果顯示AE組運動衰竭時間(78.79±9.09 min)顯著比E組(67.77±9.22 min)長。運動組(E)的肌酸激酶活性、乳酸去氫酶活性、肌酸酐(1227.40±553.24 U/I, 2108.32±513.99 U/I, 0.76±0.19 mg/dl)顯著比控制組(C)(358.98± 125.53 U/I, 956.89±597.13 U/I, 0.5±0.15 mg/dl)及樟芝運動組(AE)高(774.13±203.38 U/I, 1300.93±513.99 U/ I, 0.5±0.05 mg/dl)。運動組(E)血糖濃度(133.88±61.84 mg/dl)顯著比控制組(209.63±69.13 mg/dl)及樟芝運動組(188.88±60.32 mg/dl)低。研究結果表示樟芝補充能夠降低肌酸激酶活性及乳酸去氫酶活性，有助於抗疲勞的效用。
A new complementary procedure for patients affected by head and neck cancer (2016)

This procedure may be useful in helping physicians choose an effective chemotherapy regimen for head and neck cancer patients and lower treatment costs by eliminating ineffective chemotherapies and unnecessary toxicity particularly in elderly patients.
Distance Oracles for Spatial Networks (2009)

The popularity of location-based services and the need to do real-time processing on them has led to an interest in performing queries on transportation networks, such as finding shortest paths and finding nearest neighbors. The challenge is that these operations involve the computation of distance along a spatial network rather than "as the crow flies." In many applications an estimate of the distance is sufficient, which can be achieved by use of an oracle. An approximate distance oracle is proposed for spatial networks that exploits the coherence between the spatial position of vertices and the network distance between them. Using this observation, a distance oracle is introduced that is able to obtain the epsiv-approximate network distance between two vertices of the spatial network. The network distance between every pair of vertices in the spatial network is efficiently represented by adapting the well-separated pair technique to spatial networks. Initially, use is made of an epsilon-approximate distance oracle of size O(n/epsiv <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">d</sup> ) that is capable of retrieving the approximate network distance in O(log n) time using a B-tree. The retrieval time can be theoretically reduced further to O(1) time by proposing another epsiv-approximate distance oracle of size O(n log n/epsiv <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">d</sup> ) that uses a hash table. Experimental results indicate that the proposed technique is scalable and can be applied to sufficiently large road networks. A 10%-approximate oracle (epsiv = 0.1) on a large network yielded an average error of 0.9% with 90% of the answers making an error of 2% or less and an average retrieval timeof 68 mu seconds. Finally, a strategy for the integration of the distance oracle into any relational database system as well as using it to perform a variety of spatial queries such as region search, k-nearest neighbor search, and spatial joins on spatial networks is discussed.
Prevention of ischemia-induced ventricular fibrillation by omega 3 fatty acids. (1994)

A specially prepared dog model of myocardial infarction was used to test the efficacy of the long-chain polyunsaturated fish oil omega 3 fatty acids eicosapentaenoic (20:5 n-3) and docosahexaenoic (22:6 n-3) acids to prevent ischemia-induced malignant cardiac arrhythmias. The dogs had sustained a prior experimental myocardial infarction from ligation of the left anterior descending coronary artery, and a hydraulic cuff was implanted around the left circumflex artery at that operation. After recovery from that procedure the animals were tested during a treadmill exercise test. With compression of the left circumflex artery sensitive animals will predictably develop ventricular fibrillation (VF). In such prepared dogs an emulsion of fish oil fatty acids was infused i.v. over a 50- to 60-min period just before the exercise-plus-ischemia test, and the effect on development of VF was recorded. The infusion was 100 ml of a 10% (vol/vol) emulsion of a fish oil concentrate containing 70% omega 3 fatty acids with free eicosapentaenoic acid and docosahexaenoic acid composing 33.9% and 25.0% of that total, respectively. Alternatively, some animals similarly received an emulsion containing 5 ml of the free fatty acid concentrate plus 5 ml of a triacylglyerol concentrate containing 65% omega 3 fatty acids with eicosapentaenoic acid and docosahexaenoic acid composing 34.0% and 23.6% of that total, respectively. In seven of eight animals the infusion of the fish oil emulsion completely prevented the acute occurrence of VF in the susceptible animals (P < 0.005). In five of five of these animals the subsequent exercise-plus-ischemia test after a similar infusion of an emulsion in which soy bean oil replaced the fish oil fatty acid concentrates resulted in prompt development of VF. Possible mechanisms for this protective effect of omega 3 fatty acids against exercise and ischemia-induced malignant arrhythmias are considered.
Application-specific pulse-echo ultrasound image reconstruction using neural networks (2020)

Deep neural networks (DNNs) have recently emerged as powerful function approximators that can learn to transform given inputs into desired outputs when provided with enough training samples. Ultrasound B-mode images are traditionally formed using the delay-and-sum beamformer to display the echogenicity (i.e., backscattering strength) of the medium. Advanced beamformers are often designed to improve indirect metrics of image quality such as lesion detectability and point target resolution. Here, we describe how DNNs can be trained directly to minimize errors in the output images as compared to the ground truth targets and present recent work with DNNs for two specific applications. A simple convolutional DNN was trained to accurately estimate echogenicity for B-mode imaging using Field II simulations; the DNN produced speckle-reduced B-mode images of data acquired in simulations, phantoms, and in vivo. Similarly, a similar DNN was trained to detect targeted microbubbles for ultrasound molecular imaging; the DNN nondestructively detected microbubbles with similar performance to a state-of-the-art destructive imaging technique while enabling real-time molecular imaging.
Joint Frequency Reuse and Cache Optimization in Backhaul-Limited\n Small-Cell Wireless Networks (2018)

Caching at base stations (BSs) is a promising approach for supporting the\ntremendous traffic growth of content delivery over future small-cell wireless\nnetworks with limited backhaul. This paper considers exploiting spatial caching\ndiversity (i.e., caching different subsets of popular content files at\nneighboring BSs) that can greatly improve the cache hit probability, thereby\nleading to a better overall system performance. A key issue in exploiting\nspatial caching diversity is that the cached content may not be located at the\nnearest BS, which means that to access such content, a user needs to overcome\nstrong interference from the nearby BSs; this significantly limits the gain of\nspatial caching diversity. In this paper, we consider a joint design of\nfrequency reuse and caching, such that the benefit of an improved cache hit\nprobability induced by spatial caching diversity and the benefit of\ninterference coordination induced by frequency reuse can be achieved\nsimultaneously. We obtain a closed-form characterization of the approximate\nsuccessful transmission probability for the proposed scheme and analyze the\nimpact of key operating parameters on the performance. We design a\nlow-complexity algorithm to optimize the frequency reuse factor and the cache\nstorage allocation. Simulations show that the proposed scheme achieves a higher\nsuccessful transmission probability than existing caching schemes.\n
Unidirectional antenna composed of dipole and loop (2007)

A new printed structure composed of a dipole and a loop antenna for achieving a unidirectional antenna is proposed. The proposed antenna demonstrates that when an electric dipole and a magnetic dipole are excited simultaneously, a unidirectional radiation pattern can be obtained. With the absence of any ground plane or reflector, this directional printed antenna with single-layer structure can be used nowadays in small directional wireless systems and some handheld devices that need to radiate in a particular direction. The antenna operates at 2.4 GHz with an impedance bandwidth of 7.4% for S11<−10 dB and a peak measured gain of around 4.3 dBi.
A novel driving method for field sequential color using an OCB TFT‐LCD (2001)

Abstract— We report a new technique for the design of field‐sequential‐color liquid‐crystal displays (FS‐LCDs), which maximizes the liquid‐crystal response, t LC , by dividing the display area into as few sub‐areas, N , as possible. We obtained the following results: (1) t LC increased as N increased, although saturation tended to occur. Increasing N from 1 to 2 gave the largest increase in t LC . (2) t LC was maximized by dividing the display area unequally.
Authoring, viewing, and generating hypervideo (2008)

Hyper-Hitchcock consists of three components for creating and viewing a form of interactive video called detail-on-demand video: a hypervideo editor, a hypervideo player, and algorithms for automatically generating hypervideo summaries. Detail-on-demand video is a form of hypervideo that supports one hyperlink at a time for navigating between video sequences. The Hyper-Hitchcock editor enables authoring of detail-on-demand video without programming and uses video processing to aid in the authoring process. The Hyper-Hitchcock player uses labels and keyframes to support navigation through and back hyperlinks. Hyper-Hitchcock includes techniques for automatically generating hypervideo summaries of one or more videos that take the form of multiple linear summaries of different lengths with links from the shorter to the longer summaries. User studies on authoring and viewing provided insight into the various roles of links in hypervideo and found that player interface design greatly affects people's understanding of hypervideo structure and the video they access.
A Region of the Arabidopsis Lhcb1*3 Promoter That Binds to CA-1 Activity Is Essential for High Expression and Phytochrome Regulation (1995)

We have previously characterized a protein from Arabidopsis thaliana, called CA-1, that bound to a specific region of the Lhcb1*3 promoter. This binding activity was of interest because the sequence to which it bound is included in a portion of the promoter that is sufficient for phytochrome regulation and because the activity was absent in photomorphogenic mutant det1 seedlings (L. Sun, R.A. Doxsee, E. Harel, E.M. Tobin [1993] Plant Cell 5: 109-121). We have now directly tested whether the nucleotide sequence to which CA-1 binds is required for regulation of the transcription of this gene by phytochrome. A mutation that abolished CA-1 binding in vitro was introduced into a 1.15-kb segment of the Lhcb1*3 promoter, and both the wild-type and mutant promoter fragments were fused to a uidA reporter gene and used to stably transform A. thaliana. Ten different homozygous lines were examined for phytochrome responsiveness for each of the two constructs by assaying beta-glucuronidase activity. The wild-type construct showed normal phytochrome responsiveness. The mutant construct showed no phytochrome response, and the overall level of beta-glucuronidase activity in etiolated seedlings was decreased by about 2 orders of magnitude. We did not detect a response to a B photoreceptor other than phytochrome itself for either the wild-type or mutant construct. We conclude that information essential for both a high level of expression and phytochrome responsiveness is contained in a 27-bp region to which the CA-1 activity binds.
Sorting of C<sub>4</sub> Olefins with Interpenetrated Hybrid Ultramicroporous Materials by Combining Molecular Recognition and Size‐Sieving (2017)

C<sub>4</sub> olefin separations present one of the great challenges in hydrocarbon purifications owing to their similar structures, thus a single separation mechanism often met with limited success. Herein we report a series of anion-pillared interpenetrated copper coordination for which the cavity and functional site disposition can be varied in 0.2 Å scale increments by altering the anion pillars and organic linkers (GeFSIX-2-Cu-i (ZU-32), NbFSIX-2-Cu-i (ZU-52), GeFSIX-14-Cu-i (ZU-33)), which enable selective recognition of different C<sub>4</sub> olefins. In these materials the rotation of the organic linkers is controlled to create a contracted flexible pore window that enables the size-exclusion of specific C<sub>4</sub> olefins, while still adsorbing significant amounts of 1,3-butadiene (C<sub>4</sub> H<sub>6</sub> ) or 1-butene (n-C<sub>4</sub> H<sub>8</sub> ). Combining the molecular recognition and size-sieving effect, these materials unexpectedly realized the sieving of C<sub>4</sub> H<sub>6</sub> /n-C<sub>4</sub> H<sub>8</sub> , C<sub>4</sub> H<sub>6</sub> /iso-C<sub>4</sub> H<sub>8</sub> , and n-C<sub>4</sub> H<sub>8</sub> /iso-C<sub>4</sub> H<sub>8</sub> with high capacity.
A new inverter control scheme for induction motor drives requiring wide speed range (2002)

A new control scheme to extend the speed range of four pole induction motor drives for electric vehicles is investigated. A three phase stator winding is used with each of the two coil groups per phase being independent resulting in a six coil, six terminal machine. Two inverters supply the machine with the required regulated currents to obtain the effect of either four pole or two pole windings. Four pole operation is proposed from zero speed until the end of its constant power region. Employing contactorless pole changing to obtain two pole operation extends the constant power region resulting in a doubling of the speed range for the same inverter/machine rating.
Reducing Crane Payload Swing Using A Rider Block Tagline Control System (2007)

This paper considers payload swing control of large, marine cranes using an active rider block tagline system (ARBTS). The contribution is the control system development and simulation comparison of the ARBTS approach to standard luff cranes without ARBTS. It is shown that the ARBTS control system off-loads boom actuation (luff) for ship motion cancellation. Thus, the boom can be used for its intended purpose of moving the load radially per the operator's command. For the simulation case considered, the maximum luff power decreases from 150 kW to 4 kW and the luff rope speed decreases from 0.9 m/s to 0.02 m/s. Application of this approach to existing offshore crane designs could increase their operational envelope, without increased power requirements or necessitating costly mechanical changes, permitting operations in rough sea conditions.
Hydrogen Evolution from Alkaline Formaldehyde Solution (1983)

Abstract Hydrogen is evolved from an alkaline solution of formaldehyde in the presence of a tungsten carbide catalyst at room temperature under atmospheric pressure. Neither platinum nor palladium shows any catalytic activity to this reaction. The hydrogen evolution competes with the Gannizzaro reaction.