gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Antigens of <i>Mycobacterium tuberculosis</i> Recognized by Antibodies during Incipient, Subclinical Tuberculosis (2005)

Serum samples obtained from human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected tuberculosis (TB) patients months prior to clinical TB were used to delineate the profile of Mycobacterium tuberculosis culture filtrate proteins recognized during subclinical TB. A subset of approximately 12 antigens was recognized by antibodies in these serum samples. Antibodies to two of these antigens (81 [88]-kDa malate synthase [GlcB] and MPT51) were present in serum samples obtained during incipient subclinical TB in 19 (approximately 90%) of the 21 HIV-infected TB patients tested. These antigens will be useful for devising diagnostic tests that can identify HIV-positive individuals who are at a high risk for developing clinical TB.
Dog response to inactivated canine parvovirus and feline panleukopenia virus vaccines. (1982)

Inactivated canine parvovirus (CPV) and inactivated feline panleukopenia virus (FPV) vaccines were evaluated in dogs. Maximal serologic response occurred within 1-2 weeks after vaccination. Antibody titers then declined rapidly to low levels that persisted at least 20 weeks. Immunity to CPV, defined as complete resistance to infection, was correlated with serum antibody titer and did not persist longer than 6 weeks after vaccination with inactivated virus. However, protection against generalized infection was demonstrated 20 weeks after vaccination. In unvaccinated dogs, viremia and generalized infection occurred after oronasal challenge with virulent CPV. In contrast, viral replication was restricted to the intestinal tract and gut-associated lymphoid tissue of vaccinated dogs. Canine parvovirus was inactivated by formalin, beta-propiolactone (BPL), and binary ethylenimine (BEI) in serum-free media; inactivation kinetics were determined. Formalin resulted in a greater loss of viral HA than either BEI of BPL, and antigenicity was correspondingly reduced.
Pole-changing motor using π-spread phase windings (1970)

A new method is described for pole changing 3-phase windings where one of the basic pole-pair numbers is a multiple of 3. Using the method, a 4/6-pole cage induction motor with a 36-slot stator winding is a standard machine at 4 poles but has a phase spread of π radians at 6 poles. There is no unbalance between the phases or troublesome harmonic effects. Though the number of winding terminals to be brought out is 12, the control gear required is essentially a 3-phase double-throw switch, with two additional rows of terminals on one side. The material is supported by tests with an experimental 4/6-pole motor.
Acoustical detection of coronary occlusions using neural networks (1993)

A nonlinear neural network classifier was applied to noninvasive acoustic detection of coronary artery disease; the classifier included a feature vector, derived from diastolic heart sounds, and a multi-layered network trained by the backpropagation. The feature vector is based on the linear prediction coefficients of the autoregressive method after an adaptive line enhancement method was used as the input pattern to the neural network. One hundred and twelve recordings (70 abnormal, 42 normal) were studied and the network was trained on a randomly chosen set of six abnormal and six normal patients. It was tested on a database consisting of 100 recordings to which it had not been exposed. The network correctly identified 50 of the 64 patients with coronary artery disease and 32 of the 36 patients without any coronary artery occlusions. These results showed that this neural network is capable of distinguishing normal patients from abnormal patients. In addition, the diagnostic capability of this approach is much better than any other available noninvasive approach.
Synchronized Electrical Stimulation in Treating Pharyngeal Dysphagia (2002)

The study supports the hypothesis that stimulating synchronous contraction of the thyrohyoid muscle by synchronous electrical stimulator during swallowing improves dysphagia resulting from reduced laryngeal elevation. Synchronized electrical stimulation has the advantages of noninvasiveness and actively assisting swallowing and can be used as an alternative treatment. The synchronized feature of the synchronous electrical stimulator helps to restore normal swallowing mechanism and decreases the incidence of nasogastric tube insertion and gastrostomy.
Quantum Receiver Enhanced by Adaptive Learning (2022)

Adaptive quantum receiver designed by machine learning is demonstrated for discriminating multiple nonorthogonal coherent states, achieving reduced error rates of 20% (50%) over existing quantum (classical) receivers.
Markerless View-Independent Registration of Multiple Distorted Projectors on Extruded Surfaces Using an Uncalibrated Camera (2009)

In this paper, we present the first algorithm to geometrically register multiple projectors in a view-independent manner (i.e. wallpapered) on a common type of curved surface, vertically extruded surface, using an uncalibrated camera without attaching any obtrusive markers to the display screen. Further, it can also tolerate large non-linear geometric distortions in the projectors as is common when mounting short throw lenses to allow a compact set-up. Our registration achieves sub-pixel accuracy on a large number of different vertically extruded surfaces and the image correction to achieve this registration can be run in real time on the GPU. This simple markerless registration has the potential to have a large impact on easy set-up and maintenance of large curved multi-projector displays, common for visualization, edutainment, training and simulation applications.
Studies on SK&F 29661, an organ-specific inhibitor of phenylethanolamine N-methyltransferase. (1979)

SK&F 29661 is an effective, reversible inhibitor of both central nervous system and adrenal phenylethanolamine N-methyl-transferase in vitro; its Ki values in our standard assay systems were 6 X 10(-7) M (central nervous system) and 3 X 10(-7) M (adrenal), respectively. In vivo, the drug inhibited the conversion of [3H]norepinephrine to [3H]epinephrine in the rat adrenal gland and upon chronic administration decreased the endogenous adrenal epinephrine/norepinephrine ratio in both the rat and squirrel monkey. SK&F 29661 did not, however, reduce rat brain stem PNMT activity after systemic administration; subsequent radioautographic studies indicated that the compound did not enter the central nervous system, presumably because of its high polarity. This drug may be useful in defining the physiological importance of peripheral phenylethanolamine N-methyltransferase inhibition.
Short Communication: Small-Molecule CD4 Mimetics Sensitize HIV-1-Infected Cells to Antibody-Dependent Cellular Cytotoxicity by Antibodies Elicited by Multiple Envelope Glycoprotein Immunogens in Nonhuman Primates (2016)

Recent studies have linked antibody Fc-mediated effector functions with control of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) and simian immunodeficiency virus infections. Interestingly, the presence of antibodies with potent antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC) activity in RV144 vaccine trial participants correlated inversely with HIV-1 acquisition risk. These antibodies were recently found to recognize epitopes on the HIV-1 envelope (Env) glycoprotein exposed upon Env-CD4 binding. Accordingly, small-molecule CD4 mimetics (CD4mc) that induce Env to sample the CD4-bound conformation were shown to sensitize HIV-1-infected cells to ADCC mediated by sera from HIV-1-infected individuals. However, it remains unknown whether antibodies elicited through immunization can also mediate CD4mc-induced ADCC. In this study, we tested the capacity of CD4mc to sensitize HIV-1-infected cells to ADCC by sera from Env-vaccinated nonhuman primates using a FACS-based ADCC assay. In parallel, we evaluated the ability of CD4mc to sensitize HIV-1 viral particles to neutralization by sera from these immunized animals. We found that the vaccine-induced antibodies were able to mediate ADCC and viral neutralization in the presence, but not the absence, of CD4mc. Thus, CD4mc are capable of sensitizing HIV-1-infected cells to ADCC and infectious viral particles to neutralization by easy-to-elicit antibodies that are otherwise unable to mediate these activities.
Thromboxane A2 synthase inhibitors. 5-(3-Pyridylmethyl)benzofuran-2-carboxylic acids (1986)

The synthesis and screening of a series of 5-(3-pyridylmethyl)benzofuran-2-carboxylic acids as selective thromboxane A2 (TxA2) synthase inhibitors is outlined. The ability of these compounds to inhibit TxA2 biosynthesis was assayed using microsomal enzyme from human platelets. Substitution of the benzofuran ring caused small changes in potency; modification of the carboxylic acid group caused modest reductions in potency, and substitution of the pyridine ring resulted in large reductions of potency. 5-(3-Pyridylmethyl)benzofuran-2-carboxylic acid sodium salt (9b, sodium furegrelate) was chosen for further evaluation as a TxA2 synthase inhibitor.
Anti-acetylcholine-receptor antibody concentrations after thymectomy in patients with myasthenia gravis. (1978)

Serum concentrations of anti-acetylcholine-receptor (anti-AChR) antibody were measured in patients with myasthenia gravis. In those patients undergoing thymectomy concentrations were measured before and after the operation to see whether there might be a connection between the thymus and antibody production. We found no correlation between antibody concentration and either thymectomy or duration and severity of the disease before the operation. Our results suggest that if anti-AChR antibodies are the principal pathogenic factor in myasthenia gravis then immunological and neurophysical variables other than the total serum anti-AChR antibody concentration contribute to the severity of the disease.
Nano-enhanced optical gene delivery to retinal degenerated mice (2019)

ABSTRACT The efficient and targeted delivery of genes and other impermeable therapeutic molecules into retinal cells is of immense importance for therapy of various visual disorders. Traditional methods for gene delivery require viral transfection, or chemical methods that suffer from one or many drawbacks such as invasiveness, low efficiency, lack of spatially targeted delivery, and can generally have deleterious effects such as unexpected inflammatory responses and immunological reactions. Here, we introduce a continuous wave near-infrared laser-based Nano-enhanced Optical Delivery (NOD) method for spatially controlled delivery of opsin-encoding genes into retina in-vivo . In this method, the optical field enhancement by gold nanorods is utilized to transiently permeabilize cell membrane enabling delivery of exogenous impermeable molecules to nanorod-binding cells in laser-irradiated regions. The successful delivery and expression of opsin in targeted retina after in-vivo NOD in the mice models of retinal degeneration opens new vista for re-photosensitizing retina with geographic atrophies as in dry age-related macular degeneration (AMD).
Anode for a secondary, high-temperature electrochemical cell. [Li/LiF-LiCl-KCl/FeS/sub 2/-Li/sub 2/S] (1976)

A high-temperature, secondary electrochemical cell includes an anode containing lithium, an electrolyte containing lithium ions, and a cathode containing a chalcogen material such as sulfur or a metallic sulfide. The anode includes a porous substrate formed of, for instance, a compacted mass of entangled metallic fibers providing interstitial crevices for receiving molten lithium metal. The surfaces of the interstitial crevices are provided with a coating of cobalt metal to enhance the retention of the molten lithium metal within the substrate. 2 tables, 3 figures.
Utilizing Semantic Visual Landmarks for Precise Vehicle Navigation (2018)

This paper presents a new approach for integrating semantic information for vision-based vehicle navigation. Although vision-based vehicle navigation systems using pre-mapped visual landmarks are capable of achieving submeter level accuracy in large-scale urban environment, a typical error source in this type of systems comes from the presence of visual landmarks or features from temporal objects in the environment, such as cars and pedestrians. We propose a gated factor graph framework to use semantic information associated with visual features to make decisions on outlier/ inlier computation from three perspectives: the feature tracking process, the geo-referenced map building process, and the navigation system using pre-mapped landmarks. The class category that the visual feature belongs to is extracted from a pre-trained deep learning network trained for semantic segmentation. The feasibility and generality of our approach is demonstrated by our implementations on top of two vision-based navigation systems. Experimental evaluations validate that the injection of semantic information associated with visual landmarks using our approach achieves substantial improvements in accuracy on GPS-denied navigation solutions for large-scale urban scenarios
Pediatric scoliosis predictive blood tests: progress and challenges for clinicians (2010)

Purpose There are great needs for innovative pharmacotherapies in combination with clinical tests to identify asymptomatic children at risk of developing scoliosis and symptomatic ones to predict who may be at risk of scoliotic curve progression. Early detection of scoliosis is critical to broaden the range of treatment options and increases effectiveness. Currently, there are no FDA cleared “presymptomatic” diagnostic tests available for assessing scoliosis in paediatric patients. We have developed a cell-based screening assay for the early diagnosing of presymptomatic subjects and a biochemical blood test for asymptomatic individuals and patients at different disease stage.
Recognition of several idiotopes on a monoclonal anti-hepatitis B virus surface antigen using monoclonal anti-idiotypic antibodies. (1988)

A monoclonal murine antibody H3F5 directed to the a determinant of hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) was used to raise several monoclonal anti-idiotypes. Cross-blocking experiments between the anti-idiotypes and the patterns of inhibition produced by a number of other monoclonal anti-HBsAg, generated in the same fusion as H3F5, identified three idiotopes on H3F5 which were shared to varying degrees with the other anti-HBsAg monoclonals. One behaved as a dominant cross-reacting idiotope (CRI) in that it appeared strongly in 5/7 monoclonal idiotypes. The CRI could represent an important target for regulation by anti-idiotope. Monoclonal antibodies have many advantages over polyclonal sera in the detailed analysis of idiotope structures.
Occlusion-aware layered scene recovery from light fields (2013)

We present a new method for estimating 3D scene layers from light field data obtained by plenoptic cameras or camera arrays. The proposed method is based on a novel sparse generative model for light fields, which uses a dictionary of ray-like functions and combines them in a non-linear way via a set of occlusion masks. By estimating the set of sparse coefficients and masks, our method divides the light field into layers corresponding to different depths in a 3D scene, while taking occlusions into account. The proposed method can thus be used for 3D scene segmentation and in a myriad of inverse problems in light field imaging, such as view interpolation, denoising, inpainting and super-resolution.
ChemInform Abstract: Sequential Benzylic Oxidation of Naloxone 3‐Methyl Ether. (2001)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Discovery of Orally Bioavailable Purine-Based Inhibitors of the Low-Molecular-Weight Protein Tyrosine Phosphatase (2021)

Obesity-associated insulin resistance plays a central role in the pathogenesis of type 2 diabetes. A promising approach to decrease insulin resistance in obesity is to inhibit the protein tyrosine phosphatases that negatively regulate insulin receptor signaling. The low-molecular-weight protein tyrosine phosphatase (LMPTP) acts as a critical promoter of insulin resistance in obesity by inhibiting phosphorylation of the liver insulin receptor activation motif. Here, we report development of a novel purine-based chemical series of LMPTP inhibitors. These compounds inhibit LMPTP with an uncompetitive mechanism and are highly selective for LMPTP over other protein tyrosine phosphatases. We also report the generation of a highly orally bioavailable purine-based analogue that reverses obesity-induced diabetes in mice.
Tunable Metamaterials for Controlling THz Radiation (2012)

Remarkable progress in terahertz (THz) sources and detectors is followed by the necessity of manipulating of terahertz radiation. Since natural materials can not perform efficient interaction with THz radiation, artificial structures called metamaterials are designed to overcome “THz gap” in this area. A variety of tunable metamaterials using different methods of control are presented and discussed in this review paper.
Enzymatic Production of Ascorbic Acid-2-Phosphate by Engineered <i>Pseudomonas aeruginosa</i> Acid Phosphatase (2021)

l-Ascorbic acid-2-phosphate (AsA-2P) is stable in aqueous solution and at high temperatures and is widely used in foods, pharmaceuticals, cosmetics, and fodders; however, practical application of enzymatic synthesis methods to promote industrial-scale production of AsA-2P remains a major challenge. In this study, we enhanced the phosphorylation efficiency of <i>Pseudomonas aeruginosa</i> acid phosphatase (APase; EC 3.1.3.2) for AsA-2P production via protein engineering. Among the mutants obtained, we selected the most efficient mutant (Var<sub>5</sub>; G125E/D135T/S136N), which exhibited an increased <i>k</i><sub>cat</sub> of 18.6 s<sup>-1</sup> and a <i>K</i><sub>m</sub> for AsA of 223.9 mM. In addition, Var<sub>5</sub> exhibited a maximum enzyme activity of 2080.4 U/L after 10 h of fermentation, which was 80% higher than the wild-type enzyme. Furthermore, under optimal conditions, Var<sub>5</sub> showed a maximal conversion of 48.6% and achieved a final AsA-2P titer of 61.5 g/L at 8 h, which is considerably higher than that reported for other similar biocatalytic approaches. These findings demonstrate the potential of this method for the large-scale production of AsA-2P.
Optimization and theoretical modeling of polymer microlens arrays fabricated with the hydrophobic effect (2001)

High-performance polymer microlens arrays were fabricated by means of withdrawing substrates of patterned wettability from a monomer solution. The f-number (f(#)) of formed microlenses was controlled by adjustment of monomer viscosity and surface tension, substrate dipping angle and withdrawal speed, the array fill factor, and the number of dip coats used. An optimum withdrawal speed was identified at which f(#) was minimized and array uniformity was maximized. At this optimum, arrays of f/3.48 microlenses were fabricated with one dip coat with uniformity of better than Deltaf/f +/- 3.8%. Multiple dip coats allowed for production of f/1.38 lens arrays and uniformity of better than Deltaf/f +/-5.9%. Average f(#)s were reproducible to within 3.5%. A model was developed to describe the fluid-transfer process by which monomer solution assembles on the hydrophilic domains. The model agrees well with experimental trends.
Molecular Glass Resists Based on 9,9′-Spirobifluorene Derivatives: Pendant Effect and Comprehensive Evaluation in Extreme Ultraviolet Lithography (2019)

A series of molecular glass compounds (SP-BOC, SP-AD, and SP-BU) based on 9,9′-spirobifluorene backbone with different kinds of pendant groups (t-butyloxycarbonyl, adamantyl ester, and t-butyl ester groups) were synthesized. The thermal analysis of the compounds indicated that no apparent glass transition temperature (Tg) was observed before the onset of the thermal decomposition temperatures (Td) up to 150 °C. The good thermal resistance suggests that they can satisfy the lithography process and are candidates for photoresist materials. They were used as positive photoresists by mixing with minor components of photoacid generators and other additives, respectively. The amorphous films on the silicon substrate were obtained by spin-coating of the photoresists. The extreme ultraviolet (EUV) performance on the films was evaluated by using soft X-ray interference lithography. The SP-BOC resist achieves the most excellent patterning capability down to 22 nm lines with a line-edge roughness (LER) of 3.3 nm. The outgassing amounts (Ns) of SP-BOC, SP-AD, and SP-BU resists are 3.1 × 1015, 2.3 × 1014, and 2.0 × 1014 molecule/cm2, respectively, at exposure dose of ∼20 mJ/cm2. The results of etch resistance are in the order of SP-AD (0.5 nm/s) > SP-BU (0.8 nm/s) > PMMA (1.1 nm/s) > SP-BOC (1.6 nm/s) > Si3N4 (1.8 nm/s). All the results indicate a significant pendant effect on pattern ability, etching durability, and outgassing for SP resists. This study will help us to understand the relationship between the pendant structure and the EUV lithography and supply useful guidelines for designing molecular resists.
Ligand-induced growth cone collapse: amplification and blockade by variant GAP-43 peptides (1995)

Growth cones are powerful amplifiers for signals from the microenvironment. Their collapse can be triggered by cell surface components of myelin and brain membranes, as well as by soluble ligands, including neurotransmitters. GAP-43 is a protein concentrated on the inner surface of the growth cone membrane. Assayed in isolation, it interacts with the heterotrimeric protein, G(o), and in oocytes it amplifies the effects of ligand-triggered G protein activation. We wished to examine whether GAP-43 serves to amplify signals at the growth cone. The G(o) stimulating region of GAP-43 is encoded in the 10 amino acids (MLCCMRRT-KQ) of the first exon. We examined the effect of this peptide upon chick dorsal root ganglion growth cone collapse and neurite retraction triggered by brain membranes or myelin, as well as by serotonin. We find that application of the GAP-43 1-10 peptide amplifies the effects of all three ligands. The amplification is greater when GAP-43 1-10 is injected intracellularly. Peptides with amino acid substitutions for the two cysteine residues manifest parallel changes in growth cone collapse and G(o) stimulation. In particular, tyrosine or methionine substitutions cause the peptide to inhibit G(o) and to block induced growth cone collapse. The GAP-43 peptides therefore regulate the sensitivity of growth cones to extrinsic signals. The modified peptides serve as a starting point for the design of reagents to enhance CNS regeneration.