gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Occupancy estimation using ultrasonic chirps (2015)

Estimating the number of people within a room is important for a wide variety of applications including: HVAC load management, scheduling room allocations and guiding first responders to areas with trapped people. In this paper, we present an active sensing technique that uses changes in a room's acoustic properties to estimate the number of occupants. Frequency dependent models of reverberation and room capacity are often used when designing auditoriums and concert halls. We leverage this property by using measured changes in the ultrasonic spectrum reflected back from a wide-band transmitter to estimate occupancy. A centrally located beacon transmits an ultrasonic chirp and then records how the signal dissipates over time. By analyzing the frequency response over the chirp's bandwidth at a few known occupancy levels, we are able to extrapolate the response as the number of people in the room changes. We explore the design of an excitation signal that best senses the environment with the fewest number of training samples. Through experimentation, we show that our approach is able to capture the number of people in a wide-variety of room configurations with people counting accuracy below 10% of the maximum room capacity count with as few as two training points. Finally, we provide a simple mechanism that allows our system to recalibrate when we know the room is empty so that it can adapt dynamically over time.
High density plasma etching of aluminum alloys (2002)

High density plasma etching of aluminum alloys was performed at RF frequencies and low pressure in a modified parallel-plate reactor. Very high density plasmas (10/sup 10/ to 10/sup 11/ ions/cm/sup 3/) were measured with fast injection Langmuir probes. Ion energy perpendicular to the wafer surface can be controlled from a separate bottom-powered electrode. A mixture of Cl/sub 2/ and BCl/sub 3/ was used for the study. Response Surface Methodology (RSM) was used to understand the trends of the aluminum etch performance versus process parameters. Experimental matrices were designed and run to understand etch results such as aluminum etch rate, feature profile, and residue removal as functions of independent variables such as source-coil power, bias power, and gas flow ratio. Aluminum etch rates of one micron per minute can be achieved at 5 to 10 mTorr pressure. Anisotropic etching photoresist selectivity greater than 2.5:1 and silicon dioxide selectivity greater than 10:1 are achieved by controlling wafer DC-bias separately from plasma density. The hardware used is very simple and the chamber size is small.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
A discussion of rotating wave fields for microwave applications (1993)

The concepts of angular momentum, resonant frequencies, and electromagnetic fields in different types of rotating wave modes are studied. A number of interesting and unique properties of rotating waves are discussed, including their constant electric and magnetic field energies. The range of current uses for rotating waves is indicated. An analysis of rotating waves in cylindrical cavity resonators is presented. The TM/sub 110/ rotating mode for a cylindrical resonator is discussed in some detail.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Photonic band gaps in two-dimensional square lattices: Square and circular rods (1992)

Periodic arrays of rods with either a square or circular cross section located at the corners of a square lattice exhibit photonic band gaps common to s and p polarizations. The overlap of s and p gaps is generated in arrays of low-index rods embedded in a dielectric background of higher index. The overlap does not occur between the same bands in arrays of rods with a square cross section and a circular cross section. Arrays of rods with a circular cross section require a lower index contrast to generate a band gap than rods with a square cross section, but do not necessarily yield larger gaps at higher index contrasts.
Convergence of Utility Computing with the Internet-of-Things (2012)

Despite recent advances in the IoT area for developing control systems into the cloud, the proliferation of inter-connected entities and the collection of diverse information act as the big challenges in order to provide full control over IoT devices. Solutions to the problem of formulating and managing internet-connected objects in cloud environments i.e. environments comprising "entities" and resources (such as sensors, actuators and smart devices) in cloud infrastructures are still in their infancy. This paper formulates design principles for IoT cloud environments and introduces a framework for the converging utility-driven cloud-based computing models, with emerging Internet-of-Things (IoT) infrastructures and applications into the cloud. Following results from analyzing the state-of-the-art and efforts towards the convergence of cloud computing and IoT, this paper also presents the main building blocks of a framework, which emphasizes on-demand establishment of IoT services based on the automated formulation of societies of internet-connected objects. The framework leverages well-known technologies (i.e. Linked Sensor Data) and standards (notably the W3C Semantic Sensor Networks ontology and the IETF COAP protocol).
Expression of Skp2 and p27KIP1 in naevi and malignant melanoma of the skin and its relation to clinical outcome. (2005)

Skp2 (S-phase kinase associated protein 2) controls progression from G- to S-phase by promoting the proteolysis of the cyclin dependent kinase inhibitor p27KIP1. Despite the fact that a p27KIP1 decrease has been documented in melanoma progression, the role of Skp2 in these tumours is unknown. We therefore examined by immunohistochemistry the expression of Skp2, p27KIP1 and Ki-67 in 10 naevi (Ns), 15 superficial spreading melanomas (SSMs), 10 nodular melanomas (NMs) and 14 melanoma metastases (Ms). Nuclear Skp2 expression augmented with increasing malignancy (Ns: 1.4%, SSMs: 5.6%, NMs: 17.3%, Ms: 19.1%). In all tumours nuclear Skp2 expression correlated with Ki-67 (p=0.024) and inversely with p27KIP1 (p=0.007). A cytoplasmic reaction for Skp2 was also observed in most tumours and its expression decreased from Ns (12.3%) to SSMs (7.9%) and NMs (4.5%). In contrast, Ms showed an increase of cytoplasmic Skp2 (11.9%) that correlated with its nuclear expression (p=0.016). While nuclear Skp2 expression correlated with the pT-level (p=0.023), Clark-level (p=0.023) and Breslow index (p=0.019), the cytoplasmic Skp2 expression might be of biological significance only in NMs since it correlated with tumour depth (p=0.02) and pT-level (p=0.025). Our data suggests that Skp2 could contribute to melanoma progression. This is further highlighted by the fact that vertical growth phase (VGP) melanomas show significant higher nuclear Skp2 expressions when compared with the harmless radial growth phase (RGP) (p=0.047). Also nuclear Skp2 expression correlates with a reduced survival time (p=0.025) in melanoma.
Management of Severe Acute Pancreatitis (2009)

Throughout much of history, surgery of the pancreas was restricted to drainage of abscesses and treatment of traumatic wounds. At the turn of the 20th century under the impetus of anesthesia, such surgical stalwarts as Mayo Robson, Mickulicz, and Moynihan began to deploy laparotomy and gauze drainage in an effort to salvage patients afflicted with severe acute pancreatitis (SAP). Over the next thirty years, surgical intervention in SAP became the therapy for choice, despite surgical mortality rates that often exceeded 50%.When the discovery of the serum test for amylase revealed that clinically milder forms of acute pancreatitis existed that could respond to nonoperative therapy, a wave of conservatism emerged, and, for the next quarter century, surgical intervention for SAP was rarely practiced. However, by the 1960s, conservative mortality rates for SAP were reported to be as high as 60% to 80%, leading surgeons to not only refine the indications for surgery in SAP, but also to consider new approaches. Extensive pancreatic resections for SAP became the vogue in continental surgical centers in the 1960s and 1970s, but often resulted in high mortality rates and inadvertent removal of viable tissue.Accurate diagnosis of pancreatic necrosis by dynamic CT led to new approaches for management. Some surgeons recommended restricting intervention to those with documented infected necrosis, and proposed delayed exploration employing sequestrectomy and open-packing. Others advocated debridement early in the course of the disease for all patients with necrotizing pancreatitis, regardless of the status of infection. In the 1990s, however, a series of prospective studies emerged proving that nonoperative management of patients with sterile pancreatic necrosis was superior to surgical intervention, and that delayed intervention provided improved surgical mortality rates.The surgical odyssey in managing the necrotizing form of SAP, from simple drainage, to resection, to debridement, to sequestrectomy, although somewhat tortuous, is nevertheless an notable example of how evidence-based knowledge leads to improvement in patient care. Today's 10% to 20% surgical mortality rates reflect not only considerable advances in surgical management, but also highlight concomitant improvements in fluid therapy, antibiotics, and intensive care. Although history documents the important contributions that surgical practitioners have made to acute pancreatitis and its complications, surgeons are rarely complacent, and the recent emergence of minimally invasive techniques holds future promise for patients afflicted with this "... most formidable of catastrophes."
Quantum Dot Enabled Molecular Sensing and Diagnostics (2012)

Since its emergence, semiconductor nanoparticles known as quantum dots (QDs) have drawn considerable attention and have quickly extended their applicability to numerous fields within the life sciences. This is largely due to their unique optical properties such as high brightness and narrow emission band as well as other advantages over traditional organic fluorophores. New molecular sensing strategies based on QDs have been developed in pursuit of high sensitivity, high throughput, and multiplexing capabilities. For traditional biological applications, QDs have already begun to replace traditional organic fluorophores to serve as simple fluorescent reporters in immunoassays, microarrays, fluorescent imaging applications, and other assay platforms. In addition, smarter, more advanced QD probes such as quantum dot fluorescence resonance energy transfer (QD-FRET) sensors, quenching sensors, and barcoding systems are paving the way for highly-sensitive genetic and epigenetic detection of diseases, multiplexed identification of infectious pathogens, and tracking of intracellular drug and gene delivery. When combined with microfluidics and confocal fluorescence spectroscopy, the detection limit is further enhanced to single molecule level. Recently, investigations have revealed that QDs participate in series of new phenomena and exhibit interesting non-photoluminescent properties. Some of these new findings are now being incorporated into novel assays for gene copy number variation (CNV) studies and DNA methylation analysis with improved quantification resolution. Herein, we provide a comprehensive review on the latest developments of QD based molecular diagnostic platforms in which QD plays a versatile and essential role.
Induction of cytochrome P‐450 isozymes in rat hepatoma‐derived cell cultures (1984)

We have investigated the responsiveness of established rat hepatocyte cell cultures to inducers of cytochrome P-450. One Reuber hepatoma-derived line (Fu5-C8), which under normal culture conditions produces no detectable cytochrome P-450(MC) or cytochrome P-450(PB)--the major cytochrome P-450 isozymes induced by 3-methylcholanthrene and phenobarbital, respectively--was tested for the ability to accumulate either cytochrome P-450 isozyme in response to treatment with various xenobiotics. By immune-precipitation from [35S]-methionine-labeled cell extracts, using monospecific anticytochrome P-450(MC) antibody or monoclonal anticytochrome P-450(PB) antibody, it was demonstrated that these cells possess the capability to synthesize cytochrome P-450(MC) in response to 3-methylcholanthrene treatment, while none of the drug treatments caused the synthesis of detectable quantities of cytochrome P-450(PB). RNA extracted from Fu5-C8 cells directed the in vitro synthesis of immune-precipitable cytochrome P-450(MC) only after treatment of the cells with 3-methylcholanthrene. Kinetic analysis of the response of these cells to 3-methylcholanthrene induction revealed detectable levels of immune-precipitable cytochrome P-450(MC) 2 h after drug treatment with maximal induction occurring between 12 and 16 h of exposure. Another cell line (HF 1.5), obtained originally by hybridization of Fao X H5 variants of a Reuber H35 hepatoma, produces cytochrome P-450(MC) and also cytochrome P-450(PB) constitutively, as determined by specific immune-precipitation from labeled cell extracts. Exposure of confluent monolayers to either phenobarbital or 3-methylcholanthrene resulted in an induction of cytochrome P-450(PB) or cytochrome P-450(MC), respectively. Double-labeling immunofluorescence studies indicate that all cells in the culture produce albumin and most of the cells produce cytochrome P-450(MC), but only a subset of cells synthesize cytochrome P-450(PB). Our results demonstrate that some continuously dividing hepatocyte cell cultures retain the capacity to respond to xenobiotics, including phenobarbital, a response which is typically exhibited by fully differentiated liver cells. Such established hepatocyte cell cultures should prove useful for investigating the mechanism of induction of cytochrome P-450(PB).
Detection and Occurrence of <i>N</i>-Nitrosamines in Archived Biosolids from the Targeted National Sewage Sludge Survey of the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (2014)

The occurrence of eight carcinogenic N-nitrosamines in biosolids from 74 wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) in the contiguous United States was investigated. Using liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry, seven nitrosamines [(N-nitrosodimethylamine (NDMA), N-nitrosomethylethylamine, N-nitrosodi-n-propylamine (NDPA), N-nitrosodibutylamine, N-nitrosopyrrolidine, N-nitrosopiperidine (NPIP), and N-nitrosodiphenylamine (NDPhA)] were detected with varying detection frequency (DF) in 88% of the biosolids samples (n = 80), with five of the seven being reported here for the first time in biosolids. While rarely detected (DF 3%), NDMA was the most abundant compound at an average concentration of 504 ± 417 ng/g dry weight of biosolids. The most frequently detected nitrosamine was NDPhA (0.7-147 ng/g) with a DF of 79%, followed by NDPA (7-505 ng/g) and NPIP (51-1185 ng/g) at 21% and 11%, respectively. The DF of nitrosamines in biosolids was positively correlated with their respective n-octanol-water partition coefficients (R(2) = 0.65). The DF and sum of mean concentrations of nitrosamines in biosolids increased with the treatment capacity of WWTPs. Given their frequent occurrence in nationally representative samples and the amount of U.S. biosolids being applied on land as soil amendment, this study warrants more research into the occurrence and fate of nitrosamines in biosolids-amended soils in the context of crop and drinking water safety.
An object-oriented framework for transaction capture using co-operating business rule components (2002)

In a dealing-room system at a London bank, the transaction capture programs had been built using a GUI-based prototyping approach. This had led to programs with superficial similarity but inconsistency of internal structure which made maintenance difficult. To re-engineer the programs a control framework was devised separating the GUI interface (presentation layer), business rules and persistent storage. The framework allows business rules to be developed as independent, co-operating components. This makes it easier to develop and add new function or re-use previously-developed function. Business rule components are developed and tested separately, then used as building blocks for development of more complex components. They are re-usable because the same business constraints and calculations apply to many different transaction types.
Design and Application of Model-on-Demand Predictive Controller to a Semibatch Copolymerization Reactor (2003)

This article considers the design of a multivariable model-on-demand predictive controller (MoD-PC) and its application to polymer quality control in a semibatch MMA/MA copolymerization reactor. The MoD-PC is designed by combining the model-on-demand (MoD) framework with the conventional model predictive controller. For this purpose, a local autoregressive exogenous input model is constructed with a small portion of data located in the region of interest at every sample time when a model equation is needed for output prediction. This model equation is then used to calculate the optimal control input sequence. Through the open-loop test, the reaction temperature and free volume are shown to be an adequate choice for the elements of the regressor state vector in the data searching step. The validity of the identified model is corroborated by the prediction method. The results of simulation studies for the regulation and disturbance rejection problems with and without noise demonstrate that, despite the nonlinearity of the system, the MoD-PC is an effective strategy with a low computational load for the production of copolymers with desired properties.
Plasma-Assisted Large-Scale Nanoassembly of Metal–Insulator Bioplasmonic Mushrooms (2017)

Large-scale plasmonic substrates consisting of metal-insulator nanostructures coated with a biorecognition layer can be exploited for enhanced label-free sensing by utilizing the principle of localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPR). Most often, the uniformity and thickness of the biorecognition layer determine the sensitivity of plasmonic resonances as the inherent LSPR sensitivity of nanomaterials is limited to 10-20 nm from the surface. However, because of time-consuming nanofabrication processes, there is limited work on both the development of large-scale plasmonic materials and the subsequent surface functionalizing with biorecognition layers. In this work, by exploiting properties of reactive ions in an SF<sub>6</sub> plasma environment, we are able to develop a nanoplasmonic substrate containing ∼10<sup>6</sup>/cm<sup>2</sup> mushroom-like structures on a large-sized silicon dioxide substrate (i.e., 2.5 cm by 7.5 cm). We further investigate the underlying mechanism of the nanoassembly of gold on glass inside the plasma environment, which can be expanded to a variety of metal-insulator systems. By incorporating a novel microcontact printing technique, we deposit a highly uniform biorecognition layer of proteins on the nanoplasmonic substrate. The bioplasmonic assays performed on these substrates achieve a limit of detection of 10<sup>-17</sup> g/mL (∼66 zM) for biomolecules such as antibodies (∼150 kDa). Our simple nanofabrication procedure opens new opportunities in fabricating versatile bioplasmonic materials for a wide range of biomedical and sensing applications.
Numerically controlled 8-channel IQ-transmitter with programmable synchronous carrier settings (2008)

This paper describes the design, implementation and validation of a low-cost synchronous and phase coherent IFfront-end as part of a 8x8 IQ-MIMO wireless transmit system for wireless applications in the 2.4-2.5 GHz ISM band.The precision IF-front-end is designed to be used as a first up-conversion block from baseband to IF (intermediate frequency).The second upconversion from IF to RF is accomplished by an RF-front end (beyond the scope of this paper).It also serves as a wireless testbed for smart antenna and MIMO transmission.The proposed 8-channel IF-front-end features the important property that it is possible to perfectly synchronize the eight carrier signals in time, phase and frequency.Moreover, each of the eight carrier signals can operate at a different but fixed frequency and different but constant phase, allowing to fix any frequency difference (32 bit resolution) and phase difference (16 bit resolution) between the 8 channels.Extreme care was also taken among the synchronization between the different channels in the RF-paths of the whole system.
Cross‐Metathesis of Unsaturated Natural Oils with 2‐Butene. High Conversion and Productive Catalyst Turnovers. (2006)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Audit Automation for Implementing Continuous Auditing: Principles and Problems (2008)

When implementing continuous auditing, experience indicates that auditors will likely attempt to first automate the processes that they already use, are comfortable with and are already accepted for external auditing and reporting purposes rather than trying to start from scratch, especially when dealing with audits of ongoing operations. However, because of the experience of low productivity and failed expectations with prior technology implementations that gave rise to the argument for business process reengineering in Hammer's (1990) article, Don't Automate, Obliterate special care needs to be taken when change is brought about by automation. As we argue in this paper, not only must audit automation be undertaken systematically, it also has to incorporate reengineering in the more limited sense of first transforming manual audit processes to facilitate their automation. This is not full blown reengineering of the clean sheet sort, but this hybrid approach is one that is more manageable—and marketable— from a change management perspective, and more likely to lead to a positive outcome. The key for avoiding the potential downsides of automation, though, is to have a clear understanding of what audit automation is trying to achieve and follow a methodical procedure to achieve those goals.
The Secure Generation of RSA Moduli Using Poor RNG (2012)

We discuss a procedure, which should be called Lenstra's fix, for producing secure RSA moduli even when the random number generation is very poor.
Micro Electromechanical Systems (MEMS) Based Microfluidic Devices for Biomedical Applications (2011)

Micro Electromechanical Systems (MEMS) based microfluidic devices have gained popularity in biomedicine field over the last few years. In this paper, a comprehensive overview of microfluidic devices such as micropumps and microneedles has been presented for biomedical applications. The aim of this paper is to present the major features and issues related to micropumps and microneedles, e.g., working principles, actuation methods, fabrication techniques, construction, performance parameters, failure analysis, testing, safety issues, applications, commercialization issues and future prospects. Based on the actuation mechanisms, the micropumps are classified into two main types, i.e., mechanical and non-mechanical micropumps. Microneedles can be categorized according to their structure, fabrication process, material, overall shape, tip shape, size, array density and application. The presented literature review on micropumps and microneedles will provide comprehensive information for researchers working on design and development of microfluidic devices for biomedical applications.