gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Blends of poly(vinyl chloride) with acrylonitrile-chlorinated polyethylene-styrene copolymer. I. Miscibility, phase behavior, and thermal properties (1997)

Abstract Blends of poly(vinyl chloride) (PVC) and acrylonitrile-chlorinated polyethylene-styrene (ACS) copolymer were prepared by melt blending. Miscibility, phase behavior, and thermal stability were studied using differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). The DSC study showed that the blends have three glass transition temperatures (T g). The blends exhibit a three-phase structure; a chlorinated polyethylene (CPE) rubbery phase was found to be dispersed in a continuous matrix consisting of both PVC-rich and SAN-rich phases. The interfaces between any two of the three phases are well bonded. PVC is immiscible with CPE in ACS but partially miscible with poly(styrene-co-acrylonitrile) (SAN with 25% AN content) in ACS. From the Tg data, the SAN appears to dissolve more in the PVC-rich phase than does the PVC in the SAN-rich phase. The apparent polymer-polymer interaction parameter [(x12)app] for the pair PVC/SAN was calculated to be 0.0055 at 170°C. TGA analysis revealed that there exists interaction during the degradation of the two polymers in the blends. Key Words: Poly(vinyl chloride)Acrylonitrile-chlorinated polyethylene-styrene copolymerPhase behaviorApparent polymer-polymer interaction parameterThermal stability
Query Reformulation in E-Commerce Search (2020)

The importance of e-commerce platforms has driven forward a growing body of research work on e-commerce search. We present the first large-scale and in-depth study of query reformulations performed by users of e-commerce search; the study is based on the query logs of eBay's search engine. We analyze various factors including the distribution of different types of reformulations, changes of search result pages retrieved for the reformulations, and clicks and purchases performed upon the retrieved results. We then turn to address a novel challenge in the e-commerce search realm: predicting whether a user will reformulate her query before presenting her the search results. Using a suite of prediction features, most of which are novel to this study, we attain high prediction quality. Some of the features operate prior to retrieval time, whereas others rely on the retrieved results. While the latter are substantially more effective than the former, we show that the integration of these two types of features is of merit. We also show that high prediction quality can be obtained without considering information from the past about the user or the query she posted. Nevertheless, using these types of information can further improve prediction quality.
Redistribution-Layers for Fan-Out Wafer-Level Packaging and Heterogeneous Integrations (2019)

Redistribution layers (RDLs) are the most integral part of wafer-level packaging (WLP) [1, 2], especially for fan-out wafer-level packaging (FOWLP) and heterogeneous integrations [3]. For FOWLP, the RDLs are the interconnections between the chip or chips and the solder balls to be attached to the PCB (printed circuit board). For heterogeneous integrations, the RDLs are the interconnections between the chips (lateral communications) and the next level of interconnections (vertical communications) such as the TSV-interposer, package substrate, solder balls, and PCB. In this study, six major methods in fabricating the RDLs are presented. These are: (1) organic RDLs (polymer and ECD [Electrochemical deposition] Cu + etching), (2) organic RDLs (photosensitive polymer and ECD Cu + etching), (3) inorganic RDLs (PECVD [plasma enhanced chemical vapor deposition] and Cu-damascene + CMP [chemical-mechanical polishing]), (4) hybrid RDLs (first organic RDLs and then inorganic RDLs), (5) bridge RDLs, and (6) fan-out on substrate RDLs. Many examples will be given and some recommendations will also be provided.
Multichip optical transmitter module for chip-to-chip interconnection on optical PCBs (2006)

A multichip module of an optical transmitter, which consists of flip-chip bonded 1×4 VCSELs on a CMOS driver array IC, is fabricated and demonstrated. The −3 dB bandwidth and adjacent crosstalk of the hybrid integration multichip module are about 4.5 GHz and less than −30 dB, respectively. The whole integrated multichip volume is 1.1×1.2×0.52 mm3 for four channels.
Computer-animated model of accommodation and presbyopia (2015)

Dr. Goldberg is a consultant to Acevision, Inc., and Bausch & Lomb.
Catalyst-Free Synthesis of 2-Arylbenzothiazoles in an Air/DMSO Oxidant System (2016)

A straightforward strategy for the synthesis of 2-arylbenzothiazoles from 2-aminothiophenol and aryl aldehydes in air/DMSO oxidant system has been developed. This reaction is operationally simple, proceeds without catalysts, tolerates a wide range of functionalities, and provides desired products in good to excellent yields.
Formal specification of user interfaces (1996)

article Free AccessFormal specification of user interfaces Share on Author: Christopher Rouff NASA Goddard Space Flight Center NASA Goddard Space Flight CenterView Profile Authors Info & Claims ACM SIGCHI BulletinVolume 28Issue 3July 1996 pp 27–33https://doi.org/10.1145/231132.231140Online:01 July 1996Publication History 1citation577DownloadsMetricsTotal Citations1Total Downloads577Last 12 Months1Last 6 weeks0 Get Citation AlertsNew Citation Alert added!This alert has been successfully added and will be sent to:You will be notified whenever a record that you have chosen has been cited.To manage your alert preferences, click on the button below.Manage my AlertsNew Citation Alert!Please log in to your account Save to BinderSave to BinderCreate a New BinderNameCancelCreateExport CitationPublisher SiteeReaderPDF
Rust Surface Area Determination of Steel Bridge Component for Robotic Grit-Blast Machine (2013)

Rust Surface Area Determination of Steel Bridge Component for Robotic Grit-Blast Machine N. Hwang, H. Son, C. Kim, C. Kim Pages 1148-1156 (2013 Proceedings of the 30th ISARC, Montréal, Canada, ISBN 978-1-62993-294-1, ISSN 2413-5844) Abstract: There has been increasing interest in the use of robotic machines, and several prototype robotic machines have been developed to automate the grit-blasting process for the purpose of steel bridge maintenance. To utilize such a robotic grit-blast machine effectively, the first consideration is automating the determination of the rust surface area to blast, on the basis of standards of practice, in a rapid manner. This study aims to propose a method to rapidly and accurately determine the rust surface area on steel bridges to blast, with consideration for the standards of practice, from images acquired via a blasting machine. The first step is to perform a color space conversion to transform the input image from a red/green/blue (RGB) color space to a hue/saturation/intensity (HSI) color space. The next step is to detect the presence of rust, using pixel-level classification via the C4.5 decision tree algorithm. Then it is necessary to confirm the blasting area by verifying whether the rust detection result satisfies the specified criteria on the basis of standards of practice. The proposed method was validated on 39 test images with various characteristics with respect to the degree of rusting and rust distribution type. The experimental results showed that the average accuracy rate of rust area classification was about 97.63%, and the success rate of the final decision of blasting area determination was 100.00% for 39 test examples. The whole processing time took an average of only 0.86 seconds per image. The preliminary results demonstrated that the proposed method not only determined whether rust was present in an image and the amount of rust but also indicated whether blasting was necessary, and, if necessary, it rapidly specified the rust surface area that should be blasted on the basis of standards of practice. The proposed method could be successfully incorporated into a robotic grit-blast machine. Keywords: Robotic grit-blast machine, Rust detection, Rust surface area determination, Steel bridge inspection and maintenance, Surface painting DOI: https://doi.org/10.22260/ISARC2013/0126 Download fulltext Download BibTex Download Endnote (RIS) TeX Import to Mendeley
The Extracellular Matrix Regulates Cancer Progression and Therapy Response: Implications for Prognosis and Treatment (2009)

Emerging evidence points towards a key role of the extracellular matrix (ECM) during tumor progression and therapy resistance. Paradoxically, in today's routine of cancer management the ECM is not taken into account. It is the aim of the present review to broaden our understanding of the mechanisms of therapy resistance, taking the ECM as a presumptive central regulator. The stromal ecosystem drives the accumulation of ECM at the invasion front. Therefore, we address the question whether the detection of ECM signatures in histopathology and biofluids may help predicting therapy resistance and determining the prognosis of cancer. Since the ECM is an attractive target for tumor therapy, current therapeutic strategies in preclinical or clinical development will be discussed.
Component Latent Trait Models for Paragraph Comprehension Tests (1987)

The cognitive characteristics of paragraph compre hension items were studied by comparing models that deal with two general processing stages: text represen tation and response decision. The models that were compared included the prepositional structure of the text (Kintsch & van Dijk, 1978), various counts of surface structure variables and word frequency (Drum et al., 1981), a taxonomy of levels of text questions (Anderson, 1972), and some new models that combine features of these models. Calibrations from the linear logistic latent trait model allowed evaluation of the impact of the cognitive variables on item responses. The results indicate that successful prediction of item difficulty is obtained from models with wide represen tation of both text and decision processing. This sug gests that items can be screened for processing diffi culty prior to being administered to examinees. However, the results also have important implications for test validity in that the two processing stages in volve two different ability dimensions.
Photolytic Cleavage of 1-(2-Nitrophenyl)ethyl Ethers Involves Two Parallel Pathways and Product Release Is Rate-Limited by Decomposition of a Common Hemiacetal Intermediate (2003)

Time-resolved FTIR spectroscopic studies of the flash photolysis of several 1-(2-nitrophenyl)ethyl ethers derived from aliphatic alcohols showed that a long-lived hemiacetal intermediate was formed during the reaction. Breakdown of this intermediate was rate-limiting for product release. One of these compounds (methyl 2-[1-(2-nitrophenyl)ethoxy]ethyl phosphate, 9) was studied in detail by a combination of time-resolved FTIR and UV-vis spectroscopy. In addition, product studies confirmed clean photolytic decomposition to the expected alcohol, 2-hydroxyethyl methyl phosphate, and the 2-nitrosoacetophenone byproduct. At pH 7.0, 1 degrees C, the rate constant for product release was 0.11 s(-1), very much slower than the 5020 s(-1) rate constant for decay of the photochemically generated aci-nitro intermediate (pH 7.0, 2 degrees C). Time-resolved UV-vis measurements showed that the hemiacetal intermediate is formed by two competing pathways, with fast (approximately 80% of the reaction flux) and slow (approximately 20% of the flux) components. Only the minor, slower path is responsible for the observed aci-nitro decay process. These competing reactions are interpreted with the aid of semiempirical PM3 calculations of reaction barriers. Furthermore, AMSOL calculations indicate that the pK(a) of the nitronic acid isomer formed by photolysis is likely to determine partition into the alternate paths. These unusual results appear to be general for 1-(2-nitrophenyl)ethyl ethers and contrast with a related 2-nitrobenzyl ether that photolyzed without involvement of a long-lived hemiacetal.
Abstract A82: Localized tumor delivery of radiosensitizers and chemotherapeutics using ‘INCeRT’ implants. (2013)

Abstract In cancer therapy, effective delivery of the therapeutic plays a critical role in determining the success of the treatment planning system. In last decade, there is a major thrust in developing novel nanoparticles based delivery systems to improve the therapeutic benefits in cancer. An efficient delivery system should be able to target the diseased site with minimal systemic toxicity and a slow sustained release of the drug. Here, we have fabricated a nanoparticles based smart ‘INCeRT’ (Implantable Nanoplatform for Chemo-Radiation Therapy) implant for localized delivery of radiosensitizing nanoparticles/ drugs in prostate cancer in conjunction with brachytherapy. These implants are physically similar to the clinically used brachytherapy spacers but have the added capability of imaging and local drug delivery. We have fabricated INCeRT spacers with biocompatible and biodegradable polymer, PLGA (poly-(lactide-co-glycolide)) impregnated with nanoparticles encapsulating imaging probe (Cyanine 7.5) and chemotherapeutic drug, docetaxel (DTX). Using a similar approach, we have also fabricated PLGA spacers impregnated with high Z (atomic number) gold nanoparticles (Hi-Z-CuRE: High Z-Customizable Radiotherapy Enhancement) for effectively boosting the radiation dose locally. The morphology, composition and nanoparticle's distribution inside the spacers was studied by SEM (scanning electron microscopy) and EDS (Energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy). Further, preliminary in vivo imaging experiments with subcutaneous prostate cancer tumored mice implanted with INCeRT spacers showed a size dependent diffusion of nanoparticles from the spacers in the tumor matrix. Also, from in vivo therapeutic studies with these spacers showed a sustained and slow release of the DTX from the spacers and showed a better response in suppressing the tumor as opposed control mice with saline injections. Further experiments for studying the combined chemo-radiation therapy are underway. This new treatment approach would be of crucial benefit for patients with local relapse who require salvage radiotherapy but have reached their radiotherapy normal tissue dose limits. This work was supported partially by NSF-DGE-0965843, HHS/1U54CA151881 CORE1, 1R03 CA164645-01 and a seed grant from the BWH Biomedical Research Institute. Citation Information: Mol Cancer Ther 2013;12(11 Suppl):A82. Citation Format: Rajiv Kumar, Jodi E. Belz, Stacey Markovic, Houari Korideck, Wilfred F. Ngwa, Mark Niedre, Ross I. Berbeco, Robert Cormack, Mike G. Makrigiorgos, Srinivas Sridhar. Localized tumor delivery of radiosensitizers and chemotherapeutics using ‘INCeRT’ implants. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR-NCI-EORTC International Conference: Molecular Targets and Cancer Therapeutics; 2013 Oct 19-23; Boston, MA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Mol Cancer Ther 2013;12(11 Suppl):Abstract nr A82.
Fabrication of add-drop filters based on frequency-matched microring resonators (2006)

Frequency mismatches between resonators significantly impact the spectral responses of coupled resonator filters, such as high-order microring filters. In this paper, techniques allowing fabrication of frequency-matched high-index-contrast resonators are proposed, demonstrated, and analyzed. The main approach consists of inducing small dimensional changes in the resonators through alteration of the electron-beam dose used to expose either the actual resonator on a wafer or its image on a lithographic mask to be later used in filter fabrication. Third-order microring filters fabricated in silicon-rich silicon nitride, with optical resonator frequencies matched to better than 1 GHz, are reported. To achieve this, the average ring-waveguide widths of the microrings are matched to within less than 26 pm of a desired relative width offset. Furthermore, optimization and calibration procedures allowing strict dimensional control and smooth sidewalls are presented. A 5-nm dimensional control is demonstrated, and the standard deviation of sidewall roughness is reduced to below 1.6 nm.
Anticounterfeit packaging technologies (2010)

Packaging is the coordinated system that encloses and protects the dosage form. Counterfeit drugs are the major cause of morbidity, mortality, and failure of public interest in the healthcare system. High price and well-known brands make the pharma market most vulnerable, which accounts for top priority cardiovascular, obesity, and antihyperlipidemic drugs and drugs like sildenafil. Packaging includes overt and covert technologies like barcodes, holograms, sealing tapes, and radio frequency identification devices to preserve the integrity of the pharmaceutical product. But till date all the available techniques are synthetic and although provide considerable protection against counterfeiting, have certain limitations which can be overcome by the application of natural approaches and utilization of the principles of nanotechnology.
Peer review of tax information exchange agreements: Is it more than just about the numbers? (2011)

The rush by tax havens to conclude Tax Information Exchange Agreements (TIEAs) has been a recent feature of the international agreement scene. As at 31 December 2010 over 450 TIEAs have been negotiated (although other Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) sources suggest the number is nearer 600), representing the relatively benign phase of 'establishing the numbers' through the OECD's program of enhancing transparency and information exchange. With the 'hype' over the success of securing tax havens' willingness to sign up to TIEAs, the real test is now underway. A peer review process - where the legal and regulatory framework in each jurisdiction (Phase 1) and the implementation of the standards in practice (Phase 2) - has been established by the OECD's Global Forum on Transparency and Exchange of Information for Tax Purposes (OECD, 2010). Both Phases may provide evidence of whether the momentum generated through the rush by tax havens to sign up is merely about the numbers (where a tax haven is required to negotiate a minimum of twelve TIEAs to come off the OECD's blacklist), or whether this is a new era of transparency and information exchange that exceeds the OECD's rhetoric. This article builds upon prior research and extends this through a critical examination of the OECD's rhetoric, as well as the peer review process' Schedule of Reviews, Terms of Reference, Methodology and Assessment Criteria, in order to offer a preliminary assessment of whether there could be a real change to the approach of information exchange between tax havens and OECD countries.
Comparison of a New Immunochromatographic Test to Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay for Rapid Detection of Immunoglobulin M Antibodies to Hepatitis E Virus in Human Sera (2005)

An immunochromatographic test for rapid detection of IgM antibodies in patients with acute hepatitis E infection was developed utilizing the well-characterized recombinant protein EP2.1 and monoclonal antibody 4B2. The new rapid test based on a novel reverse-flow technology was able to generate a positive result within 2 to 3 min. Our study showed that this test was able to detect anti-HEV IgM antibodies in 96.7% of the patient samples tested (n = 151) while maintaining an excellent specificity of 98.6% with samples from various patient or healthy control groups (total n = 208). Furthermore, this rapid test gave a good specificity of 90.9% when tested with rheumatoid factor (RF)-positive sera (RF value of < or =850 IU/ml; n = 11) although a higher concentration of RF in samples might cause cross-reactivity. The new test has a good agreement of 97.2% with a kappa value of 0.943 when compared with a reference enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The positive predictive value and the negative predictive value for the rapid test thus reached 98.0 and 97.6%, respectively. This is the first rapid, point-of-care test for hepatitis E and will be especially useful for the diagnosis of acute hepatitis E virus infection in field and emergency settings and in resource-poor countries.
Ionic Conductivity in the Crystalline Polymer Electrolytes PEO<sub>6</sub>:LiXF<sub>6</sub>, X = P, As, Sb (2003)

Ionically conducting polymers (salts dissolved in a polymer matrix) are of great interest because they uniquely exhibit ionic conductivity in a soft but solid membrane. As such, they are critical to the development of devices such as all-solid-state lithium batteries. The established view of ionic conductivity in polymer electrolytes is that this occurs in amorphous materials above their glass transition temperature and that crystalline polymer electrolytes are insulators. In contrast, we show that three crystalline polymer electrolytes, poly(ethylene oxide)(6):LiXF(6), X = P, As, Sb, not only conduct but do so better than the analogous amorphous phases! It is also shown that the conductivities of all three 6:1 complexes are similar, consistent with the dimension of the bottlenecks to conduction derived from their crystal structures. An increase in ionic conductivity with reduction of molecular weight of the crystalline polymer electrolyte (from 2000 to 1000) is reported and shown to relate to the increase in crystallite size on reducing molecular weight.
Co-expression of rabies virus nucleoprotein and glycoprotein using Bac-to-Bac baculovirus expression system (2013)

Objective To co-express rabies virus CTN-1V strain nucleoprotein (NP) and glycoprotein(GP) using Bac-to-Bac baculovirus expression system.Methods The ORF of GP and NP were amplified from CTN-1V strain by RT-PCR and cloned into plasmid vector pFastBacDual PP10 and PPH,respectively.The constructed recombinant donor plasmid P-NG was transformed to DH10Bac E.coli and obtained the recombinant bacmid shuttle plasmid A-NG.Then the plasmid A-NG was transfected into Sf9 cells to construct recombinant baculovirus Bac-NG.The co-expressed protein was identified by Western blot.Resuits It was proved by PCR that recombinant bacmid shuttle plasmid A-NG was constructed correctly.The recombinant protein NP and GP,with a relative molecular mass of about 51 × 103 and 59 × 103,were co-expressed in Sf9 cells.Both expressed NP and GP showed the specific binding reactivity to murine sera against RV.Conclusion The NP and GP of rabies virus CTN-1V strain were successfully co-expressed and showed good immunogenicity,which could serve as a technical basis for new form of vaccine and diagnostic reagents for rabies virus.

Key words: 
Rabies virus; Nucleoprotein; Glycoprotein; Bac-to-Bac baculovirus expression system
CRISPR/Cas9-mediated genome editing efficiently creates specific mutations at multiple loci using one sgRNA in Brassica napus (2017)

CRISPR/Cas9 is a valuable tool for both basic and applied research that has been widely applied to different plant species. Nonetheless, a systematical assessment of the efficiency of this method is not available for the allotetraploid Brassica napus-an important oilseed crop. In this study, we examined the mutation efficiency of the CRISPR/Cas9 method for 12 genes and also determined the pattern, specificity and heritability of these gene modifications in B. napus. The average mutation frequency for a single-gene targeted sgRNA in the T0 generation is 65.3%. For paralogous genes located in conserved regions that were targeted by sgRNAs, we observed mutation frequencies that ranged from 27.6% to 96.6%. Homozygotes were readily found in T0 plants. A total of 48.2% of the gene mutations, including homozygotes, bi-alleles, and heterozygotes were stably inherited as classic Mendelian alleles in the next generation (T1) without any new mutations or reversions. Moreover, no mutation was found in the putative off-target sites among the examined T0 plants. Collectively, our results demonstrate that CRISPR/Cas9 is an efficient tool for creating targeted genome modifications at multiple loci that are stable and inheritable in B. napus. These findings open many doors for biotechnological applications in oilseed crops.