gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Titanium in-diffused LiNbO_3 optical waveguide fabrication (1979)

Techniques used to fabricate titanium in-diffused optical waveguide devices in LiNbO(3) are described. The processes described include photolithography, precision mask orientation and registration, metal diffusion, waveguide end polishing, and crystal cleaving.
Identity based security for authentication and mobility in future ID oriented networks (2018)

This paper firstly reviews the paradigm of identity locator split, which smoothly solves the problem of overloaded semantics of IP address and is regarded as the evolution direction for future networks. Based on this paradigm, the framework of ID Oriented Networking (ION) with a few essential components for security enhancements is then introduced, which serves as the overall architectural foundation of the proposed scheme. Subsequently, the basics of Identity Based Signature (IBS) are briefly described, which is followed by the detailed implementations of our proposal for achieving securer authentication during node mobility. Afterwards, a few evaluation results and analysis are presented to show the feasibility and potential advantages of our proposal, along with the cost to pay for gaining these advantages. In particular, the proposal covers main processes for enabling secure authentication in mobility under ION framework, which includes AAA-based distribution of ID relevant security parameters, ID-based key negotiation and authentication for mapping information query and update, authentication of binding update and session key negotiation, handover process between two attachment points. In addition, some generalized applications are presented as well, with the requirements of simultaneously enhanced security in authentication and native support for fast mobility in future networks.
Modular Coils: A Promising Toroidal Coil System (1981)

The concept of modular coils originated from a need to find reactor-relevant stellarator windings. Considerations of 1) basic principles of modular coils, 2) types of coils, 3) types of configurations (general, helically symmetric, helically asymmetric, with magnetic well, with magnetic hill), 4) types of rotational transform profile, and 5) structure and origin of ripples are given. These results show that modular coils can offer a wide range of vacuum magnetic field configurations, some of which cannot be obtained with the classical stellarator or torsatron coil configuration.
The Respiration Rate Estimation Method based on the Signal Maximums and Minimums Detection and the Signal Amplitude Evaluation (2008)

The respiration rate estimation method is developed. The method is based on the signal maximum and minimum values detection and amplitudes evaluation. The high deviations from isoline of the inductance plethysmography sensor signal are caused by the human torso movements. The application of the common filters for the deviations suppression is not acceptable because of the oscillations caused by filters. Detection of signal minimums and maximums is applied in the method. The noise peaks are suppressed by the adaptive moving average filter. The adaptive peak detection window with the variable width is applied for the peak detection. The detected peaks are compared with an adaptive peak threshold. The method is implemented in the C++ language and applied in the system of physiological parameter monitoring.
Simple Gate Metal Anneal (SIGMA) stack for FinFET Replacement Metal Gate toward 14nm and beyond (2014)

We demonstrate a Simple Gate Metal Anneal (SIGMA) stack for FinFET Replacement Metal Gate (RMG) technology, which uses only thin TiN layers as workfunction (WF)-setting metals for CMOS integration. The SIGMA stack provides 100× PBTI lifetime improvement via band alignment engineering. Moreover, the SIGMA stack enables 9nm more gate length (L <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">g</sub> ) scaling compared to the conventional stack with matched gate resistance and thus opens up pathways for aggressive L <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">g</sub> scaling toward the 14nm node and beyond.
Small molecule STING inhibition improves myocardial infarction remodeling (2021)

Selective small-molecule STING inhibition after myocardial infarction has the potential to improve wound healing responses and pathological remodeling and thereby attenuate the development of ischemic heart failure.
Acceptance of Telemanagement is High in Patients With Inflammatory Bowel Disease (2006)

Improved methods of monitoring are needed for patients with IBD. Patients with IBD can be easily trained to use HAT, and patient acceptance is high. Further studies are needed to determine the clinical impact of HAT in IBD.
Co-Catalytic Solid-State Reduction Applied to Carbon Nanotube Growth (2011)

We report on a new class of cocatalysts for the chemical vapor deposition of carbon nanotubes, where the cocomponent (Ta) acts as a solid-state reducing agent for the active catalyst (Fe). The cocatalytic FeTa system enables carbon nanotube growth without the need for a reducing gas atmosphere such as H2 or NH3. In situ X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy reveals that the tantalum (oxide) getters the oxygen from the iron (oxide) by a diffusive solid-state process, driven by the much larger affinity to oxygen of Ta compared to Fe. We suggest that this redox-based mechanism is applicable to a wide range of metal (oxide)/catalyst systems and relevant to rational catalyst design in general heterogeneous catalysis.
Differential thermal sensitivity of tumour and normal tissue microvascular response during hyperthermia (1992)

The goal of this study was to investigate the heat sensitivity of the microcirculation in normal C3H murine leg muscle and a variety of transplanted tumour lines (KHT, SCC-VII, RIF-1, C3H mouse mammary carcinoma, two human mammary carcinomas MDA-468 and S5). Clearance rate of a radioactive tracer monitored following an intra-tissue injection was used as a measurement of microvascular integrity during heat treatment. Clearance rate in all tumours studied was significantly lower after 1 h of heating at 44 degrees C than the initial pretreatment clearance rate. Response of normal muscle differed from that of tumours in that the clearance rate after 1 h of heating at 44 degrees C was similar to the initial clearance rate. Vasculature in the KHT fibrosarcoma was more sensitive to heat treatment than that in other tumours. In response to a heat treatment at 43, 44, 45 and 46 degrees C the same level of microvascular damage occurred in half the time in KHT fibrosarcoma than in normal muscle. Furthermore, vascular damage in both muscle and KHT tumour followed the same relative isoeffect relationship, a 1 degree C change in temperature was equivalent to a change in heating time by a factor of two.
Three-Year Outcomes From the Harmony Native Outflow Tract Early Feasibility Study (2020)

URL: https://www.clinicaltrials.gov. Unique identifier: NCT01762124.
Topical Administration of Anticancer Drugs for Skin Cancer Treatment (2011)

Skin cancer is the most common type of cancer affecting Caucasian populations. It has a very high rate of incidence, exceeding the sum of all other cancers combined (Simonette et al., 2009). There are three forms of skin tumors that stand out: cutaneous malignant melanoma, basal cell carcinoma (BCC) and squamous cell carcinoma (SCC). BCC and SCC are classified as nonmelanoma skin cancers, with BCC being the most common and constituting 75% of cases (Anthony, 2000). The incidence of nonmelanoma skin cancers has steadily increased, making them a major challenge in terms of management of public health. Moreover, these cancers can have a huge impact on health care costs. In the United States, it is estimated that there are approximately 3 to 4 million cases annually of BCC and approximately 100,000 cases of SCC. Nonmelanoma skin cancers are not fatal but can destroy facial sensory organs such as the nose, ear and lips (Alam et al., 2011). Therefore, these lesions should preferably be treated using noninvasive techniques. In contrast, melanoma skin cancers are an aggressive type that can metastasize and cause death. These cancers originate from melanocytes, which are pigment-producing cells, and are associated with chronic exposure to sunlight (Einspahr et al., 2002). Because melanoma has a much higher mortality rate than nonmelanoma skin cancers, different treatments, including invasive interventions, are required (Martinez & Otley, 2001). There are some well-established treatments for nonmelanoma skin cancer, such as curettage, surgery, cryotherapy and chemotherapy. However, these conventional treatments lead to severe inflammation, pain and unappealing scars (Lopez et al., 2004). Treatments for melanoma, in turn, are primarily surgical because these tumors can be resistant to traditional chemoand radiotherapies (Davids & Kleeman, 2010). Nonsurgical treatments for melanomas are limited to adjuvant therapies, such as immunotherapy, biochemotherapy, gene therapy and photodynamic therapy (Martinez & Otley, 2001; Davids & Kleeman, 2010). To increase patient compliance and to reduce surgical costs and undesirable scars, particularly in cases where the cancer has spread over large areas of the body, the topical administration of anticancer drugs has been investigated. The topical administration of anticancer drugs is an interesting alternative for reducing side effects and for increasing drug targeting and therapeutic benefits. The major challenge of this kind of treatment is to increase penetration of the antineoplastic tumor drug in sufficient levels to kill tumor cells.
Review Article: An Overview of Template Matching Technique in Image Processing (2012)

Template matching is one of the areas of profound interests in recent times. It has turned out to be a revolution in the field of computer vision. Template matching provides a new dimension into the image-processing capabilities, although there have been many attempts to resolve different issues in this field there have always been newer concepts emerging in this ever challenging field. In this study, various techniques are discussed and a new FPGA based spectral architecture is proposed to achieve a fast similarity measure between template and input image.
Recovery of Iron Ore Tailings byColumn Flotation (2013)

The exploration of iron ore in small mining companies results in a large amount of unrecovered fine material, representing 35% of the run of mine. Millions of tons of useful minerals are discarded every year into tailings, incurring operation costs, raising production losses and environmental impact. In addition to the disposal of 300 t/h of this material, millions of tons are already stored in tailings. CDTN carried out a study of the process in a column flotation pilot plant installed in the mining facilities with a slime sample, with a view to recovering this sludge using the reverse flotation technique. The aim of this experiment was to obtain a final concentrate whose Fe content assigned 66% with a SiO2 content below 0.8% and P lower than 0.03%. The results showed that the ultrafine flotation is an economical alternative if the improvement of the recovery in the mineral sector is concerned. Ultrafine flotation can also be assessed when dealing with reduction and treatment of effluent discharged in the environment.
Atomic Layer Deposition of High-&lt;tex&gt;$kappa$&lt;/tex&gt;Dielectric for Germanium MOS Applications—Substrate Surface Preparation (2004)

In this letter, we present the use of atomic layer deposition (ALD) for high-/spl kappa/ gate dielectric formation in Ge MOS devices. Different Ge surface cleaning methods prior to high-/spl kappa/ ALD have been evaluated together with the effects on inserting a Ge oxynitride (GeO/sub x/N/sub y/) interlayer between the high-/spl kappa/ layer and the Ge substrate. By incorporating a thin GeO/sub x/N/sub y/ interlayer, we have demonstrated excellent MOS capacitors with very small capacitance-voltage hysteresis and low gate leakage. Physical characterization has also been done to further investigate the quality of the oxynitride interlayer.
Activity of clarithromycin against Mycobacterium avium complex infection in beige mice (1992)

The activity of clarithromycin alone and in combination with other antimycobacterial agents was evaluated in the beige (C57BL/6J bgj/bgj) mouse model of disseminated Mycobacterium avium complex (MAC) infection. A dose-response experiment was performed with clarithromycin at 50, 100, 200, or 300 mg/kg of body weight administered daily by gavage to mice infected with approximately 10(7) viable MAC. A dose-related reduction in spleen and liver cell counts was noted with treatment at 50, 100, and 200 mg/kg. The difference in cell counts between treatment at 200 and 300 mg/kg was not significant. Clarithromycin at 200 mg/kg of body weight was found to have activity against three additional MAC isolates (MICs for the isolates ranged from 1 to 4 micrograms/ml by broth dilution). Clarithromycin at 200 mg/kg in combination with amikacin, ethambutol, temafloxacin, or rifampin did not result in increased activity beyond that seen with clarithromycin alone. Clarithromycin in combination with clofazimine or rifabutin resulted in an increase in activity beyond that seen with clarithromycin alone. The combination of clarithromycin with clofazimine or rifabutin should be considered for evaluation in the treatment of human MAC infections.
Names and Faces (2004)

We show that a large and realistic face dataset can be built from news photographs and their associated captions. Our dataset consists of 44,773 face images, obtained by applying a face nder to approximately half a million captioned news images. This dataset is more realistic than usual face recognition datasets, because it contains faces captured iin the wildi in a variety of congurations with respect to the camera, taking a variety of expressions, and under illumination of widely varying color. Faces are extracted from the images and names from the associated caption. Our system uses a clustering procedure to nd the correspondence between faces and associated names in news picture-caption pairs. The context in which a name appears in a caption provides powerful cues as to whether it is depicted in the associated image. By incorporating simple natural language techniques, we are able to improve our name assignment signicantly . Once the procedure is complete, we have an accurately labeled set of faces, an appearance model for each individual depicted, and a natural language model that can produce accurate results on captions in isolation.
<title>Optical sensors for the validation of electromagnetic field distributions in biological phantoms</title> (1995)

We present optical sensors for the measurement of electric and magnetic fields in an anatomically and dielectrically correct biological phantom of the human head generated by a personal communication device. The sensor is based on all-dielectric optical probes, coupled by fiber optics to the remote light sources and signal processing electronics. The electric field probe utilizes Pockel's effect in cadmium telluride, while the magnetic field probe is based on Faraday effect in cadmium manganese telluride. The anticipated measurement sensitivity is 2 V/m (E field) and 0.25 (mu) T (H field), with spatial resolution of 1 cm. Frequency range is 1.8 GHz, and dynamic range is > 60 dB. Both sensors utilize polarimetric optical scheme.
The Study of Network Security Event Correlation Analysis Based on Similar Degree of the Attributes (2013)

This paper studied the related theories of the network security event correlation analysis methods, and proposed the network security event correlation analysis method based on similar degree of the attributes. a detailed description and analysis of the method is gived in this paper, the method can realize the classification and merge of network security events according to the attributes similar degree of network security events. The similar degree of security events are identified by the similar degrees of characteristic attributes. It can not only remove redundant safety incidents, but also can compress security event number. Thus, it can effectively improve the network administrator's security incident analysis efficiency. The experimental results show that: the method is suitable for the massive security event information analysis and aggregation, can effectively reduce the number of security incidents, has a certain value.
The Science Behind Myopia (2017)

Myopia (near-sightedness) is the most common refractive vision disorder in children. It is characterized by blurring of objects viewed at a distance, and is commonly the result of abnormal elongation of the eyeball – which causes the refractive image formed by the cornea and the lens to fall in front of the photoreceptors of the retina (Figure 1).The underlying biological cause of myopia is unknown, and there is no widely accepted means of prevention or cure. The optical error of myopia can be corrected only by using spectacle or contact lenses or corneal surgery. If left untreated, moderate myopia is one of the leading causes of visual impairment worldwide. The greater the degree of myopia, the greater the risk of complications such as macular degeneration, retinal detachment, cataracts, and glaucoma (1); the risk is especially great when the negative refractive error is more negative than -6.00 D (diopters), a condition called ‘high myopia’. The prevalence of myopia varies greatly, depending on ethnicity, geographical location, and socioeconomic status, but is rising rapidly in most populations studied (2) (Figure 2). Myopia is a centuries-old problem, and although we have made great progress in scientific investigation of its underlying cause, we have been unsuccessful in preventing it from becoming named by the World Health Organization as an ever-increasing global health concern (3).
Successful Intravenous Immunoglobulin Therapy in 3 Cases of Parvovirus B19–Associated Chronic Fatigue Syndrome (2003)

Three cases of chronic fatigue syndrome (CFS) that followed acute parvovirus B19 infection were treated with a 5-day course of intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG; 400 mg/kg per day), the only specific treatment for parvovirus B19 infection. We examined the influence of IVIG treatment on the production of cytokines and chemokines in individuals with CFS due to parvovirus B19. IVIG therapy led to clearance of parvovirus B19 viremia, resolution of symptoms, and improvement in physical and functional ability in all patients, as well as resolution of cytokine dysregulation.
Genetic Alterations at 5p15: a Potential Marker for Progression of Precancerous Lesions of the Uterine Cervix (1995)

The future molecular cloning of the candidate tumor suppressor gene at 5p15.1-15.2 may provide new insights into the genetic mechanisms of cervical carcinogenesis. Analysis and clinical follow-up of a large cohort of prospectively ascertained cases of precancerous lesions would help to validate the usefulness of these markers.
Expression profiling across many samples via manifold-assisted mRNA processing (2000)

Analysis of mRNA provides a condensed view of gene structure, and quantitative analyses can reveal induction of physiological or pathological gene expression programs. One of the main hurdles for routine mRNA analyses is the need to prepare large sets of samples in a rapid and standardized manner. We describe here a procedure for mRNA isolation and cDNA synthesis using manifold devices, consisting of a set of prongs that project into individual reaction wells. The prongs have a high binding capacity for the polyA-tails of mRNA and the captured mRNA is directly used to synthesize cDNA on the supports, followed by amplification. The convenience and reproducibility of the procedure allows profiling of gene expression over time, by comparing many different samples. Using the device mRNA was simultaneously isolated and accurately measured from up to 96 different samples of anywhere between 10 and 200 000 cells. The amounts of a leukemia-specific transcript could be measured when the malignant cells represented </=0.01% of the sampled cells. We illustrate the possibility of analyzing a number of tissues and monitoring expression of sets of cytokines, involved in rejection, at variable times after transplantation.
Abundance of Insects Inhabiting the Male Strobili of Red Pine (2017)

(excerpt) Southwood (1973) concluded that pollen feeding was probably the first step in the development of the phytophagous habit in insects, because pollen, compared with plant foliage, is rich in nutrients and low in sewndary defense substances. Surprisingly, little is known about insects that feed mainly on pollen. For example, in a bibliography of insects that feed on reproductive structures of North American conifers (Barcia and Merkel, 1972), less than three per cent of 719 references pertained to pollen feeders. This note reports on the kinds and abundance of insects found inhabiting clusters of fresh staminate or male strobili (MS) of 60- to 65-year-old red pine trees in two seed production areas (SPAs) in northern Minnesota.
VANILLA PRODUCTION: TECHNOLOGICAL, CHEMICAL, AND BIOSYNTHETIC ASPECTS (2001)

This review covers the most recent literature on vanilla research. Besides the curing process, chemistry in green and cured beans, as well as studies on the biosynthetic pathways of the most important aroma compounds are discussed. Despite intensive research on the curing process, the traditional curing procedures are still widely used. The role of enzymes involved in the curing process is not fully understood. The biosynthesis of vanilla aroma compounds is still under investigation. Data obtained from plant cell cultures are not always in accordance with those from the plant. The glycosylation of the compounds in vivo is still a point of study. Alternative routes to vanillin involving microbial biotransformations are outlined.
Strategies for exome and genome sequence data analysis in disease‐gene discovery projects (2011)

In whole-exome sequencing (WES), target capture methods are used to enrich the sequences of the coding regions of genes from fragmented total genomic DNA, followed by massively parallel, 'next-generation' sequencing of the captured fragments. Since its introduction in 2009, WES has been successfully used in several disease-gene discovery projects, but the analysis of whole-exome sequence data can be challenging. In this overview, we present a summary of the main computational strategies that have been applied to identify novel disease genes in whole-exome data, including intersect filters, the search for de novo mutations, and the application of linkage mapping or inference of identity-by-descent (IBD) in family studies.