gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Catalytic Properties of Poly(4(5)-vinylimidazole-co-acrylic acid) and Its Low Molecular Weight Analogues in the Hydrolyses of Various Substituted Phenyl Acetates (1976)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTCatalytic Properties of Poly(4(5)-vinylimidazole-co-acrylic acid) and Its Low Molecular Weight Analogues in the Hydrolyses of Various Substituted Phenyl AcetatesTakeo Shimidzu, Hisashi Chiba, Koichi Yamazaki, and Tsutomu MinatoCite this: Macromolecules 1976, 9, 4, 641–645Publication Date (Print):July 1, 1976Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 July 1976https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ma60052a022https://doi.org/10.1021/ma60052a022research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views99Altmetric-Citations4LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Studies of porphyrin‐containing specimens using an optical spectrometer connected to a confocal scanning laser microscope (1994)

A spectrometer has been developed for use with a confocal scanning laser microscope. With this unit, spectral information from a single point or a user-defined region within the microscope specimen can be recorded. A glass prism is used to disperse the spectral components of the recorded light over a linear CCD photodiode array with 256 elements. A regulated cooling unit keeps the detector at 277 K, thereby allowing integration times of up to 60 s. The spectral resolving power, lambda/delta lambda, ranges from 350 at lambda = 400 nm to 100 at lambda = 700 nm. Since the entrance aperture of the spectrometer has the same size as the detector pinhole used during normal confocal scanning, the three-dimensional spatial resolution is equivalent to that of normal confocal scanning. Light from the specimen is deflected to the spectrometer by a solenoid controlled mirror, allowing fast and easy switching between normal confocal scanning and spectrometer readings. With this equipment, studies of rodent liver specimens containing porphyrins have been made. The subcellular localization is of interest for the mechanisms of photodynamic therapy (PDT) of malignant tumours. Spectroscopic detection is necessary to distinguish the porphyrin signal from other fluorescent components in the specimen. Two different substances were administered to the tissue, Photofrin, a haematoporphyrin derivative (HPD) and delta-amino levulinic acid (ALA), a precursor to protoporphyrin IX and haem in the haem cycle. Both are substances under clinical trials for PDT of malignant tumours. Following administration of these compounds to the tissue, the potent photosensitizer and fluorescent compound Photofrin, or protoporphyrin IX, respectively, is accumulated.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Ballistic dynamics of Airy beams (2008)

We demonstrate both theoretically and experimentally that optical Airy beams propagating in free space can perform ballistic dynamics akin to those of projectiles moving under the action of gravity. The parabolic trajectories of these beams as well as the motion of their center of gravity were observed in good agreement with theory. The possibility of circumventing an obstacle placed in the path of the Airy beam is discussed.
Characterization of Chromate Conversion Coating Formation and Breakdown Using Electrode Arrays (2002)

Chromate conversion coating CCC formation and breakdown was examined using 25 element Al wire electrode arrays. Arrays were interrogated using a multichannel analyzer capable of separately recording currents from each electrode. During CCC formation, electrodes exhibited a 30 s period of intense electrochemical activity characterized by large net currents. On any given element, net current polarity was found to be predominantly anodic, predominately cathodic, or mixed. After 30 s, net currents decayed to small values, which remained small out to 300 s of exposure. Raman spectroscopy showed that Cr 6 concentrations in the coating continued to increase during this electrochemically quiescent period, suggesting continued CCC evolution. Conversion-coated arrays were subject to anodic potentiodynamic polarization in 0.5 M NaCl until all elements on the array exhibited coating breakdown and substrate pitting. Breakdown potentials were found to increase with coating time up to 120 s, indicating anodic inhibition in CCC corrosion protection. Breakdown was found to be more difficult on electrodes that were net cathodes during coating formation. Results also showed that the NaF and K 3 FeCN 6 in commercial CCC bath formulations strongly contributed to coating corrosion resistance. Without Fv, the Al surface passivated quickly during coating formation, and a nonprotective film formed. Without FeCN 3 6 , CCCs exhibited lower breakdown potentials.
Water irrigation versus air insufflation: A comparison of two caloric test protocols (2007)

The aim of the present study was to construct and compare two caloric test protocols, one for water irrigation, and one for air insufflation. A set of reference data was constructed and tabulated as well as the intersubject variability. The effect of age, sex, ear, and temperature, as well as a possible priming effect and order effect were investigated. Forty-seven subjects (18-58 years) without otological or vestibular history participated. Four response parameters were investigated: slow component velocity (SCV), frequency, unilateral weakness (UW), and directional preponderance (DP). Statistically higher SCV values were obtained for water compared to air, with statistically higher standard deviations for SCV water values. No influences of age, sex, ear, or temperature could be demonstrated on any of the response parameters. The same applied for the presence of an order effect and a priming effect. Comparing the two protocols to one another led the present authors to favour water as the standard irrigation medium, and air only in situations where water is contra-indicated.
The Discovery of 5‐Formylcytosine in Embryonic Stem Cell DNA (2011)

Ein großer Schritt vorwärts: Durch aufwändige Massenspektrometrie wurde 5-Formylcytosin in DNA von embryonalen Stammzellen der Maus identifiziert. Es entsteht vermutlich aus Methylcytosin über Hydroxymethylcytosin (siehe Schema) und könnte ein Intermediat des lange gesuchten Mechanismus der aktiven Demethylierung von DNA sein.
Formation of regular nanoscale undulations on a thin polymer film imprinted by a soft mold (2006)

We observed the formation of regular nanoscale undulations on a polystyrene film when imprinted by a soft poly(dimethylsiloxane) mold above the polymer's glass transition temperature. The shape of the wave was reminiscent of a buckling wave frequently observed for a metal film supported on an elastomeric substrate. We derived a simple theoretical model based on an anisotropic buckling of the polymer film rigidly bound to a substrate, which agrees well with the experiment.
Assessing sequence plasticity of a virus-like nanoparticle by evolution toward a versatile scaffold for vaccines and drug delivery (2015)

Virus-like particles (VLPs) have been extensively explored as nanoparticle vehicles for many applications in biotechnology (e.g., vaccines, drug delivery, imaging agents, biocatalysts). However, amino acid sequence plasticity relative to subunit expression and nanoparticle assembly has not been explored. Whereas the hepatitis B core protein (HBc) VLP appears to be the most promising model for fundamental and applied studies; particle instability, antigen fusion limitations, and intrinsic immunogenicity have limited its development. Here, we apply Escherichia coli-based cell-free protein synthesis (CFPS) to rapidly produce and screen HBc protein variants that still self-assemble into VLPs. To improve nanoparticle stability, artificial covalent disulfide bridges were introduced throughout the VLP. Negative charges on the HBc VLP surface were then reduced to improve surface conjugation. However, removal of surface negative charges caused low subunit solubility and poor VLP assembly. Solubility and assembly as well as surface conjugation were greatly improved by transplanting a rare spike region onto the common shell structure. The newly stabilized and extensively modified HBc VLP had almost no immunogenicity in mice, demonstrating great promise for medical applications. This study introduces a general paradigm for functional improvement of complex protein assemblies such as VLPs. This is the first study, to our knowledge, to systematically explore the sequence plasticity of viral capsids as an approach to defining structure function relationships for viral capsid proteins. Our observations on the unexpected importance of the HBc spike tip charged state may also suggest new mechanistic routes toward viral therapeutics that block capsid assembly.
6-Methyl-2,4-Disubstituted Pyridazin-3(<i>2H</i>)-ones: A Novel Class of Small-Molecule Agonists for Formyl Peptide Receptors (2009)

Following a ligand-based drug design approach, a potent mixed formyl peptide receptor 1 (FPR1) and formyl peptide receptor-like 1 (FPRL1) agonist (14a) and a potent and specific FPRL1 agonist (14x) were identified. These compounds belong to a large series of pyridazin-3(2H)-one derivatives substituted with a methyl group at position 6 and a methoxy benzyl at position 4. At position 2, an acetamide side chain is essential for activity. Likewise, the presence of lipophilic and/or electronegative substituents in the position para to the aryl group at the end of the chain plays a critical role for activity. Affinity for FPR1 receptors was evaluated by measuring intracellular calcium flux in HL-60 cells transfected with FPR1, FPRL1, and FPRL2. Agonists were able to activate intracellular calcium mobilization and chemotaxis in human neutrophils. The most potent chemotactic agent (EC(50) = 0.6 microM) was the mixed FPR/FPRL1 agonist 14h.
A combined heartbeat detector based on individual BCG and IPG heartbeat detectors (2012)

This paper presents a preliminary approach for heartbeat detection on a weighing scale, using a combined heartbeat detector and an ensemble method. First, two independent sub-detectors are implemented based on the BCG (Ballistocardiogram) and lower-body IPG (Impedance Plethysmogram) signals. Then, the results of these sub-detectors are combined using a higher level decision maker. The BCG, which describes the reaction of the body to cardiac ejection of blood, was measured using the strain gauges in a modified commercial weighing scale. For the lower-body IPG, a small amount of current was injected into the subject through the electrodes under the subject's toes, and the resulting differential voltage across the heels was measured. We tested our method on the first 30 seconds of the BCG and IPG signals collected from 8 subjects. The results show the combination significantly improved over individual detector, with a resulting interval accuracy of 97%.
Subgrain Special Boundaries in Halide Perovskite Thin Films Restrict Carrier Diffusion (2018)

Photoluminescence microscopy reveals subgrain special boundaries in FAPbI3 perosvkite thin films that restrict carrier diffusion and serve as nonradiative recombination sites. These subgrain boundaries, which cannot be observed by conventional AFM or SEM measurements of grain-boundary grooves, may explain why the performance of perovskite solar cells has not scaled with apparent grain size.
Synthesis and Assessment of Antibacterial Activities of Ruthenium(III) Mixed Ligand Complexes Containing 1,10-Phenanthroline and Guanide (2016)

In this work, two complexes of ruthenium(III) ([Ru(phen)<sub>2</sub>Cl<sub>2</sub>]Cl·2H<sub>2</sub>O and [Ru(phen)<sub>2</sub>(G)Cl]2Cl·H<sub>2</sub>O) were synthesized from 1,10-phenanthroline alone as well as from both 1,10-phenanthroline and guanide. The synthesis was checked using halide test, conductance measurement, and spectroscopic (ICP-OES, FTIR, and UV/Vis) analysis. Their in vitro antibacterial activities were also investigated on two Gram-positive (<i>Staphylococcus aureus</i> (<i>S. aureus</i>) and methicillin resistant <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i> (MRSA)) and two Gram-negative (<i>Escherichia coli</i> (<i>E. coli</i>) and <i>Klebsiella pneumoniae</i> (<i>K. pneumoniae</i>)) bacteria. These complexes showed wide-range better activities than the commercially available controls (Chloramphenicol and Ciprofloxacin) against even the most drug resistant <i>K. pneumoniae</i>. [Ru(phen)<sub>2</sub>(G)Cl]2Cl·H<sub>2</sub>O inhibited <i>S. aureus</i>, MRSA, <i>E. coli</i>, and <i>K. pneumoniae</i> by 17.5%, 27.4%, 16%, and 52%, respectively, better than Chloramphenicol. It also inhibited these pathogens by 5.9%, 5.1%, 2.3%, and 17.2%, respectively, better than Ciprofloxacin. Similarly, [Ru(Phen)<sub>2</sub>(Cl)<sub>2</sub>]Cl·2H<sub>2</sub>O inhibited these pathogens by 11%, 8.7%, 0.1%, and 31.2%, respectively, better than Chloramphenicol. Therefore, after in vivo cytotoxicity investigations, these compounds can be considered as potential antibiotic drugs.
The ethical ambivalence of holism (2020)

In this chapter, Roderick Main examines the disputed ethical status of holism through comparing aspects of the work of Carl Jung and Gilles Deleuze as two twentieth-century thinkers who reflected deeply on the concept of wholeness. Using Jung’s psychology as a sophisticated and influential example of holistic thought, he first highlights relevant holistic features of this model, especially the concepts of the self and unus mundus (one world), and traces the cultural and social benefits that are claimed to flow from such a version of holism. He then confronts Jung’s model with Deleuze’s more constructivist way of thinking about wholes and totality in terms of difference, multiplicity, and pure immanence, which aims to ensure that his concept of the whole remains open. The Deleuzian perspective arguably exposes a number of questionable philosophical assumptions and less salubrious ethical implications in Jung’s holism. In order to assess whether this Deleuzian critique is answerable, Main focuses attention on the understanding of transcendence and immanence within each thinker’s model. Distinguishing between theism, pantheism, and panentheism, he proposes that the metaphysical logic of panentheism can provide a framework that is capable of reconciling the two thinkers’ concepts of the whole.
Controlling Ice Nucleation during Lyophilization: Process Optimization of Vacuum-Induced Surface Freezing (2020)

Biopharmaceuticals are often lyophilized to improve their storage stability. Controlling ice nucleation during the freezing step of the lyophilization process is desired to increase homogeneity of product properties across a drug product batch and shorten the primary drying time. The present communication summarizes the process optimization of the freezing process when using vacuum-induced surface freezing to control ice nucleation, in particular for amorphous samples. We characterized freeze-dried samples for solid state properties, and compared these to uncontrolled nucleated samples using bovine serum albumin (BSA) as a model protein. Freezing parameters were optimized to obtain complete nucleation, adequate cake resistance during the subsequent lyophilization cycle, and elegant cakes. We highlight the challenges associated with vacuum-induced surface freezing and propose optimized freezing parameters to control ice nucleation, enabling manufacturing of amorphous samples.
Real-Time Optimal Scheduling of a Group of Elevators in a Multi-Story Robotic Fully-Automated Parking Structure (2015)

This study presents a simulation-based feasibility study for development of a real-time scheduling algorithm for a multi-story and fully-automated parking structure with a group of elevators. Each elevator is conceived to carry one vehicle (car, small truck, SUV or minivan) between floors. Elevator count for a specific parking structure with number of floors in the range of 4 to 20, and 400 parking spaces on each floor is derived under an assumed customer arrival rate and mean service rate using the waiting line model of the queuing theory. A scheduling algorithm based on nested partitions and genetic algorithm is evaluated through the simulation study. The simulation environment models the mean arrival time of customers and elevator dynamics during morning rush hours for busy urban commercial multi-storied parking structures. Performance evaluation of the implemented elevator scheduling system was realized using the MATLAB environment. Performance metrics of mean customer waiting and elevator service times, and maximum customer waiting time were monitored. Simulation results demonstrate that the proposed design facilitates acceptable customer waiting and service times with good utilization rates for the elevators.
Sublimable C5A Delivery Provides Sustained and Prolonged Anti-HIV Microbicidal Activities (2012)

We have identified a short amphipathic helical peptide, called C5A, which exhibits potent microbicidal activities in vitro and which offers protection from vaginal HIV transmission in vivo in a humanized mouse model. However, there are many obstacles to overcome before C5A can be considered a true microbicidal candidate. First, it must be stabilized against enzymatic degradation in a continuously warm and moist environment. Second, it must be delivered in a controlled manner to achieve long-term and coitally independent efficacy. We demonstrate in this in vitro study that the combination of two matrices with different subliming properties ((hexamethylcyclotrisiloxane [HMCS] and cyclododecane [CDD]) containing 10% labile C5A yielded the best results in terms of controlled release and preserved anti-HIV activity of the peptide when pre-exposed to cell-free medium or cell culture at body temperature for up to 2 months.
Graphical Models: Selecting causal and statistical models (2023)

The topic of this dissertation is graphical models with the major theme being methods for selecting graphical models from observations. I describe how graphical models can be given a statistical and a causal interpretation and investigate what one can and cannot learn about the structure of statistical and causal models from various types of observations under various assumptions. The two key concepts in this investigation are the concepts of distinguishability and representation. I investigate the distinguishability relationships between models for a various types of observations. I also investigate different types of representations for capturing what can and cannot be distinguished regarding the structure of a graphical model within a class of observationally equivalent graphical models. The remainder of the dissertation investigates how one can identify the correct equivalence class of graphical models from observations. I contrast the two basic approaches, the independence approach and the scoring approach, and discuss their application to the problem of model selection. I also discuss the asymptotic properties of several search algorithms for model selection and the asymptotic properties of scores. The search algorithms used for the independence and scoring approaches are asymptotically correct under an assumption called faithfulness. I demonstrate several results regarding faithfulness and argue for the reasonableness of this assumption.
Polarization properties of surface plasmon enhanced photoluminescence from a single Ag nanowire (2012)

Metallic nanowires are of great research interest due to their applications in surface plasmon polariton coupling of light. The efficiency is much dependent on the polarization of the light due to the phase matching requirement in the light-surface plasmon polariton coupling. By scanning confocal microscope, the photoluminescence from a single Ag nanowire was demonstrated strongly dependent on the excitation laser polarization, showing good consistency with the theoretical simulation. Meanwhile strong avalanche photoluminescence from a single Ag nanowire was observed when the excitation laser was polarized along the long axis of the Ag nanowire. The photoluminescence emission exhibited a polarization-sensitive spatial distribution. This may stimulate promising applications in designing polarization-controllable nanoscale plasmonic devices.
INS/GPS Integration Architectures (2010)

An inertial navigation system (INS) exhibits relatively low noise from second to second, but tends to drift over time. Typical aircraft inertial navigation errors grow at rates between 1 and 10 nmi/h (1.8 to 18 km/h) of operation. In contrast, Global Positioning System (GPS) errors are relatively noisy from second to second, but exhibit no long-term drift. Using both of these systems is superior to using either alone. Integrating the information from each sensor results in a navigation system that operates like a drift-free INS. There are further benefits to be gained depending on the level at which the information is combined. This presentation will focus on integration architectures, including “loosely coupled, ” “tightly coupled, ” and “deeply integrated ” configurations. (Deep integration is trademarked by Draper Laboratory.) The advantages and disadvantages of each level of integration will be listed. Examples of current and future systems will be cited. INS/GPS integration is not a new concept [Refs. 1, 2, 3, 4]. Measurements of noninertial quantities have long been incorporated into inertial navigation systems to limit error growth. Examples shown in Figure 1 are barometric “altitude ” measurements, Doppler ground speed measurements, Doppler measurements to
Which Housing Affordability Measure is Suited for Korean Socioeconomic Situation? (1999)

Housing affordability study, in general, has two kinds of purposes. One is for giving the information on a capacity of purchasing the house people want and monthly payment ability of housing loan. The other is for identifying the proper level of rent for low-income bracket in order to set uprental subsidy standard and amount. Five housing affordability measures either used or studied in the United States are shown in order to review the possibility of introduction to Korea. Many Housing researchers have described the problem of percent-of-income measure as a conventional housing affordability measure regardless of the convenience of usage. Market basket measure, quality-based measure, shelter poverty measure, and rental budget share are introduced as alternative measures. Market basket measure is worth consideration of introducing to Korea since it is well suited for the current socioeconomic situation in Korea and it is an improved measure compared to percent-of-income measure. The author contends that the introduction of the market basket measure should be first discussed because the strength of the market basket measure surpasses its weakness when considering Korean situation.
The use of Alamar Blue assay for quantitative analysis of viability, migration and invasion of choriocarcinoma cells (2007)

AB assay is a simple and reliable method for quantifying trophoblast viability, migration and invasion.