gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
DCS: Diagonal Coding Scheme for Enhancing the Endurance of SSD-Based RAID Arrays (2015)

To guarantee high reliability, solid-state drive (SSD)-based storage systems require data redundancy schemes, e.g., redundant array of independent disks (RAID) schemes. Traditional RAID-5, RAID-6, and Reed-Solomon codes can tolerate one, two, and an arbitrary number of device failures, respectively. However, some SSDs under those redundant configurations may age much faster than others because of the high skewness and locality of workloads. The uneven aging rates may make some SSDs wear out very quickly and decrease the endurance of SSD-based RAID arrays. To address this problem, we first come up with a diagonal coding scheme (DCS) by distributing the updating dependencies evenly among devices to improve the system-level wear-leveling. DCS can efficiently improve the array endurance if requests are aligned with the stripe size, i.e., when data symbols in the same stripe receive the same number of writes, while the number could be different for different stripes. To relax the above assumption, we further propose an enhanced scheme, DCS+. With a buffer design, DCS+ can improve the wear-leveling among devices under general access patterns via triggering different responses to different kinds of requests. We conduct extensive trace-driven evaluations based on real-world workloads, and results show that our design efficiently enhances the endurance of SSD-based RAID arrays.
Tris-(8-hydroxyquinoline) aluminum nanoparticles prepared by vapor condensation (2003)

Tris-(8-hydroxyquinoline) aluminum (AlQ3) spherical nanoparticles of the average size varying from 50 to 500 nm were synthesized by vapor condensation. The surface of the nanoparticles is quite sleek and smooth like that of pearls. The x-ray diffraction patterns reveal that the nanoparticles have an amorphous structure. The chemical bonding of AlQ3 is preserved in the nanoparticles even after evaporation at 410 °C. The photoluminescence spectra of the nanoparticles show a broadened peak varying from 4500 to 7000 Å, with the maximum intensity at about 5380 Å. The maximum intensity increases as the particle size decreases, owing to the large specific surface area.
Target Tracking in Mixed LOS/NLOS Environments Based on Individual Measurement Estimation and LOS Detection (2014)

In this paper, a new method based on estimation and line-of-sight (LOS) detection of individual time-of-arrival (TOA) measurement and Kalman filter (KF) is proposed to track a moving target in mixed line-of-sight and non-line-of-sight (LOS/NLOS) environments. In the proposed tracking algorithm, TOA measurements collected by multiple stationary sensors in a wireless sensor network are used. First, a pseudo-measured position is calculated by choosing the point along the circle defined by a given TOA measurement which has the shortest distance to the predicted position of a moving target. The pseudo-measured position is shown to be an approximately unbiased estimate of the true position of the target. Second, each pseudo-measured position calculated is passed to a detector to be identified as either LOS or NLOS. The average of all the selected LOS pseudo-measured positions is then used as a new pseudo-measurement for the KF to track the moving target. Unlike all the existing target tracking algorithms in mixed LOS/NLOS environments, the proposed tracking algorithm is able to perform target tracking even with just one LOS TOA measurement at a given time instance without prior information of the NLOS noise which may be difficult to obtain in practice. Another advantage of the proposed tracking algorithm is its computational efficiency. Simulation results show that the proposed tracking algorithm performs better than some recent tracking algorithms, particularly in severe mixed LOS/NLOS environments.
Direct Catalytic Enantioselective α‐Aminomethylation of Aldehydes (2006)

Abstract The direct catalytic asymmetric α‐aminomethylation of aldehydes is presented. The chiral amine and amino acid catalyzed reactions between unmodified aldehydes and a formaldehyde‐derived imine precursor were fast and proceeded with high chemo‐ and enantioselectivities. The corresponding dibenzyl‐protected γ‐amino alcohols were isolated in high yields with up to 98 % ee after in situ reduction. The reaction is a novel entry to valuable β 2 ‐amino acid derivatives.
IEEE 1500 wrapper control using an IEEE 1149.1 test access port (2008)

The relationship in electronics testing between the IEEE 1500 standard and the IEEE 1149.1 standards is very close, where the IEEE 1149.1 standard focuses on the testing of boards and the IEEE 1500 standard focuses on the testing of embedded cores within system on chips (SoC) on the boards. This paper presents a novel test controller architecture that facilitates the control and access to IEEE 1500 wrapped embedded cores within a SoC using an IEEE 1149.1 test access port. The test controller is based on a conventional IEEE 1149.1 state machine.
Low Molecular Weight Dextran Sulfate Binds to Human Myoblasts and Improves their Survival after Transplantation in Mice (2012)

Myoblast transplantation represents a promising therapeutic strategy in the treatment of several genetic muscular disorders including Duchenne muscular dystrophy. Nevertheless, such an approach is impaired by the rapid death, limited migration, and rejection of transplanted myoblasts by the host. Low molecular weight dextran sulfate (DXS), a sulfated polysaccharide, has been reported to act as a cytoprotectant for various cell types. Therefore, we investigated whether DXS could act as a "myoblastprotectant" either in vitro or in vivo after transplantation in immunodeficient mice. In vitro, DXS bound human myoblasts in a dose-dependent manner and significantly inhibited staurosporine-mediated apoptosis and necrosis. DXS pretreatment also protected human myoblasts from natural killer cell-mediated cytotoxicity. When human myoblasts engineered to express the renilla luciferase transgene were transplanted in immunodeficient mice, bioluminescence imaging analysis revealed that the proportion of surviving myoblasts 1 and 3 days after transplantation was two times higher when cells were preincubated with DXS compared to control (77.9 ± 10.1% vs. 39.4 ± 4.9%, p = 0.0009 and 38.1 ± 8.5% vs. 15.1 ± 3.4%, p = 0.01, respectively). Taken together, we provide evidence that DXS acts as a myoblast protectant in vitro and is able in vivo to prevent the early death of transplanted myoblasts.
Approaches to corneal astigmatism in cataract surgery (2012)

PCRIs and toric IOLs are currently the two main options for astigmatism management during cataract surgery. Refractive outcomes are improved by new techniques, which refine the effectiveness and accuracy of these two options.
Graph-based retrieval of information in hypertext systems (1992)

Article Free Access Share on Graph-based retrieval of information in hypertext systems Authors: Yuri Quintana View Profile , Mohamed Kamel View Profile , Andrew Lo View Profile Authors Info & Claims SIGDOC '92: Proceedings of the 10th annual international conference on Systems documentationNovember 1992 Pages 157–168https://doi.org/10.1145/147001.147022Online:01 November 1992Publication History 6citation428DownloadsMetricsTotal Citations6Total Downloads428Last 12 Months11Last 6 weeks1 Get Citation AlertsNew Citation Alert added!This alert has been successfully added and will be sent to:You will be notified whenever a record that you have chosen has been cited.To manage your alert preferences, click on the button below.Manage my Alerts New Citation Alert!Please log in to your account Save to BinderSave to BinderCreate a New BinderNameCancelCreateExport CitationPublisher SiteeReaderPDF
Abstract 2885: Discovery of a tripeptide-based camptothecin drug-linker for antibody-drug conjugates with potent antitumor activity and a broad therapeutic window (2020)

Abstract In efforts to bring forward antibody-drug conjugate (ADC) technologies that complement vedotin and enable new clinical-stage ADCs, we have investigated compounds that interact with topoisomerase 1, an enzyme involved in the unwinding of DNA. In connection with this, we developed a highly active and well-tolerated camptothecin drug-linker technology, in which the lead molecule consists of 7-aminomethyl-10,11-methylenedioxycamptothecin (AMDCPT) attached to a protease-cleavable valine-lysine-glycine (VKG) tripeptide linker unit. A hydrophilic and discrete polyethylene glycol unit was included to improve the properties of the drug-linker, enabling high ADC drug-loading, and reducing the propensity for aggregation. A VKG-AMDCPT ADC, with 8 drug-linkers/mAb (DAR8), displayed a pharmacokinetic profile coincident with parental unconjugated antibody, with a high degree of stability against retro-Michael reaction deconjugation. ADCs based on the VKG-AMDCPT were broadly active against cancer cells in vitro, and in mouse xenograft models, giving tumor regressions and complete responses with a single ≤3 mg/kg dose. These included both solid and hematologic tumor models, and models of bystander killing activity and multidrug resistance. A non-binding DAR8 ADC was well-tolerated in rats at 60 mg/kg, q7dx4. The VKG-AMDCPT drug-linker can be prepared from available materials in eight high-yielding steps, and this drug-linker is being employed in the anti-CD30 ADC, SGN-CD30C; an investigational new drug application is planned for 2020. Citation Format: Ryan Lyski, Lauren Bou, Margo Zaval, Kim Emmerton, Nicole Okeley, Jessica Simmons, Francisco Zapata, David Ortiz, Erica McKinney, David Meyer, Maureen Ryan, Peter Senter, Scott Jeffrey. Discovery of a tripeptide-based camptothecin drug-linker for antibody-drug conjugates with potent antitumor activity and a broad therapeutic window [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research 2020; 2020 Apr 27-28 and Jun 22-24. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2020;80(16 Suppl):Abstract nr 2885.
Game-independent AI agents for playing Atari 2600 console games (2010)

This research focuses on developing AI agents that play arbitrary Atari 2600 console games without having any game-specific assumptions or prior knowledge. Two main approaches are considered: reinforcement learning based methods and search based methods. The RL-based methods use feature vectors generated from the game screen as well as the console RAM to learn to play a given game. The search-based methods use the emulator to simulate the consequence of actions into the future, aiming to play as well as possible by only exploring a very small fraction of the state-space. To insure the generic nature of our methods, all agents are designed and tuned using four specific games. Once the development and parameter selection is complete, the performance of the agents is evaluated on a set of 50 randomly selected games. Significant learning is reported for the RL-based methods on most games. Additionally, some instances of human-level performance is achieved by the search-based methods.
Fluorescence‐Lifetime Imaging of DNA–Dye Interactions within Continuous‐Flow Microfluidic Systems (2007)

The authors of this Communication wish to add the following grant number to their list of funding sources: Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council (EPSRC) grant EP/C54269X/1 (Technologies and Techniques for Single Cell Proteomics and Lipidomics: Nanodigestion and Analysis of a Single Cell Plasma Membrane).
Selective formation of siloxane-based hybrid cages with methylene groups in the frameworks (2004)

A new class of cage-like oligomers were selectively formed by hydrolysis and polycondensation of a methylene-bridged bistrialkoxysilane precursor in the presence of tetramethylammonium hydroxide, which led to the creation of novel silica-based hybrid materials.
The biology of lantibiotics from the lacticin 481 group is coming of age (2006)

Lantibiotics are antimicrobial peptides from the bacteriocin family, secreted by Gram-positive bacteria. These peptides differ from other bacteriocins by the presence of (methyl)lanthionine residues, which result from enzymatic modification of precursor peptides encoded by structural genes. Several groups of lantibiotics have been distinguished, the largest of which is the lacticin 481 group. This group consists of at least 16 members, including lacticin 481, streptococcin A-FF22, mutacin II, nukacin ISK-1, and salivaricins. We present the first review devoted to this lantibiotic group, knowledge of which has increased significantly within the last few years. After updating the group composition and defining the common properties of these lantibiotics, we highlight the most recent developments. The latter concern: transcriptional regulation of the lantibiotic genes; understanding the biosynthetic machinery, in particular the ability to perform in vitro prepeptide maturation; characterization of a novel type of immunity protein; and broad application possibilities. This group differs in many aspects from the best known lantibiotic group (nisin group), but shares properties with less-studied groups such as the mersacidin, cytolysin and lactocin S groups.
Real time video surveillance system using motion detection (2011)

In present scenario, the security concerns have grown tremendously. The security of restricted areas such as borders or buffer zones is of utmost importance; in particular with the worldwide increase of military conflicts, illegal immigrants, and terrorism over the past decade. Monitoring such areas rely currently on technology and man power, however automatic monitoring has been advancing in order to avoid potential human errors that can be caused by different reasons. The purpose of this project is to design a surveillance system which would detect motion in a live video feed and record the video feed only at the moment where the motion was detected also to track moving object based on background subtraction using video surveillance. The moving object is identified using the image subtraction method.
Our Solar System: Balancing Biblical and Scientific Considerations (2008)

For young age creationists Scripture gives guidelines that give some direction for dealing with the scientific evidence. Yet, because of the many details Scripture does not address and the limits of the scientific data available, there is room for more than one interpretation of many details regarding the history of objects in the solar system. Some general guidelines are mentioned based on the Genesis creation account and these are applied to the specific case of our moon. Impact cratering as well as volcanism on the moon is discussed, with the author’s approach to cratering compared to the views of Faulkner. It is argued that crater size-frequency statistics suggest that Earth, the Moon, Mars, and Mercury were all struck by a similar population of objects. The impacts on the moon are interpreted as resulting from one extended event that coincided with the Flood and continued into the post-Flood period. The planetary magnetic field model of Humphreys is applied to date the Imbrium impact on the moon at approximately 1,840 years after creation. Humphreys magnetic dipole moment figures for the moon are found to also be plausible for explaining lunar swirl features on a young moon.
T Follicular Helper Cells in Autoimmune Disorders (2018)

T follicular helper (Tfh) cells are a distinct subset of CD4<sup>+</sup> T lymphocytes, specialized in B cell help and in regulation of antibody responses. They are required for the generation of germinal center reactions, where selection of high affinity antibody producing B cells and development of memory B cells occur. Owing to the fundamental role of Tfh cells in adaptive immunity, the stringent control of their production and function is critically important, both for the induction of an optimal humoral response against thymus-dependent antigens but also for the prevention of self-reactivity. Indeed, deregulation of Tfh activities can contribute to a pathogenic autoantibody production and can play an important role in the promotion of autoimmune diseases. In the present review, we briefly introduce the molecular factors involved in Tfh cell formation in the context of a normal immune response, as well as markers associated with their identification (transcription factor, surface marker expression, and cytokine production). We then consider in detail the role of Tfh cells in the pathogenesis of a broad range of autoimmune diseases, with a special focus on systemic lupus erythematosus and rheumatoid arthritis, as well as on the other autoimmune/inflammatory disorders. We summarize the observed alterations in Tfh numbers, activation state, and circulating subset distribution during autoimmune and some other inflammatory disorders. In addition, central role of interleukin-21, major cytokine produced by Tfh cells, is discussed, as well as the involvement of follicular regulatory T cells, which share characteristics with both Tfh and regulatory T cells.
Electrochemical Evaluation of Bipolar Ion-Exchange Membranes for Solar Fuels (2015)

Photoelectrochemical cells that utilize bipolar ion-exchange membranes (BPMs) can support and maintain a pH difference across the membrane. Redox-inactive salts are often also incorporated in these cells and it is unclear if salts have an effect on the electrostatics within the cell and perceived thermodynamics of the overall redox chemistry. In this thesis, commercial BPMs wetted by various electrolytes were investigated, e.g. in the presence of acid, base, and/or salt. The electrochemical behavior of the BPMs was assessed by measuring the current density vs potential behavior. The results suggest that potential differences measured across BPMs may not always reflect the pH of the bulk electrolyte and therefore may require additional information in order to justify the overall free energy required for the redox reactions.The second half of this thesis was dedicated to the development of an artificial light-driven ion pump using BPM materials. An activated Nafion precursor membrane was functionalized with newly developed photoacid molecules and sandwiched between an anion-exchange membrane and a cation-exchange membrane. The photoelectrochemical properties of the resulting photoacid-functionalized BPM were measured and a photovoltaic response was observed. These initial findings provide a solid foundation for future research into customized BPMs to be used as artificial light-driven ion pumps.
Cancer Education and Awareness Program: Education and Its Role in the Prevention of Cancer (2010)

As U.S. healthcare accelerates into an era of science fiction, we find that most diseases are treatable via technological intervention. This has, unfortunately, reduced the role of the physician as the patient’s teacher and advocate in the clinical setting. The Cancer Education and Awareness Program attempts to tackle one of the worst diagnoses a patient can receive, and dispel the misconceptions the general popu- lation has about the prevention of disease. We do this by reaching out to high school students in the local community, and through the method of storytelling, we teach them the science behind the disease. This allows them to be able to appreciate a more tangible aspect of disease that seems generally out of their reach. CEAP has tried to bring back the role of the physician as an educator by taking this role straight into a high school classroom. We hope this will allow our target audience to learn about the relevant consequences of their decisions now, and to impact their health in the future.
Neural Network Pattern Recognition and its Application (2013)

many functions are possessed by the neural network such as parallel processing, self-learning and self-adapting. It could approximate any nonlinear function with any precision. A very effective way is provided by the neural network to deal with complex control problems, such as nonlinear, multivariable and uncertain ones etc. Therefore, the neural network is widely used in many aspects: pattern recognition, system identification and control fields and so on.It is developed in the paper about the application of neural networks pattern recognition and system identification. With MATLAB 6.1 and Visual Basic 6.0 design platform and developing tool, for some application instances, implement modeling, simulation and systematic test tasks of the neural networks pattern recognition and system identification. The above research and instances indicate that the neural networks pattern recognition and system identification based on MATLAB have better application prospects.
Inverse <i>Z</i>‐spectrum analysis for spillover‐, MT‐, and <i>T</i><sub>1</sub>‐corrected steady‐state pulsed CEST‐MRI – application to pH‐weighted MRI of acute stroke (2014)

Endogenous chemical exchange saturation transfer (CEST) effects are always diluted by competing effects, such as direct water proton saturation (spillover) and semi-solid macromolecular magnetization transfer (MT). This leads to unwanted T2 and MT signal contributions that lessen the CEST signal specificity to the underlying biochemical exchange processes. A spillover correction is of special interest for clinical static field strengths and protons resonating near the water peak. This is the case for all endogenous CEST agents, such as amide proton transfer, -OH-CEST of glycosaminoglycans, glucose or myo-inositol, and amine exchange of creatine or glutamate. All CEST effects also appear to be scaled by the T1 relaxation time of water, as they are mediated by the water pool. This forms the motivation for simple metrics that correct the CEST signal. Based on eigenspace theory, we propose a novel magnetization transfer ratio (MTRRex ), employing the inverse Z-spectrum, which eliminates spillover and semi-solid MT effects. This metric can be simply related to Rex , the exchange-dependent relaxation rate in the rotating frame, and ka , the inherent exchange rate. Furthermore, it can be scaled by the duty cycle, allowing for simple translation to clinical protocols. For verification, the amine proton exchange of creatine in solutions with different agar concentrations was studied experimentally at a clinical field strength of 3 T, where spillover effects are large. We demonstrate that spillover can be properly corrected and that quantitative evaluation of pH and creatine concentration is possible. This proves that MTRRex is a quantitative and biophysically specific CEST-MRI metric. Applied to acute stroke induced in rat brain, the corrected CEST signal shows significantly higher contrast between the stroke area and normal tissue, as well as less B1 dependence, than conventional approaches.
Prognostic significance of BAG-1 expression in nonsmall cell lung cancer (2001)

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the expression of BAG-1 in a cohort of patients with nonsmall cell lung cancer (NSCLC). The intensity and subcellular distribution of BAG-1 expression were correlated with overall survival. Tumor samples were collected from 85 patients diagnosed with NSCLC between 1993-1995 in St. John's, Newfoundland. Expression of BAG-1 was determined by immunohistochemistry using polyclonal anti-BAG-1 antibody. There was significant variation in the immunohistochemical staining patterns of BAG-1, including nonstaining and staining of either the cytoplasm, nucleus or both. Univariate Cox regression analysis showed that those patients whose tumor overexpressed BAG-1 had a significant reduction in the risk of death (hazard ratio = 0.53, p = 0.03). The survival advantage of patients with BAG-1 overexpression tumor was also demonstrated by Kaplan-Meier analysis and log-rank tests (median survival 30.10 months versus 17.04 months, p = 0.05). In addition, multivariate Cox regression analysis showed that patients whose tumor exhibited intense cytoplasmic staining had a further reduction of the risk of death (hazard ratio = 0.42, p = 0.03) and this effect was independent of age, stage and histology. All stages were included in the analysis. Our preliminary data strongly indicate that further investigation is warranted to better define the role of BAG-1 as an independent prognostic factor in NSCLC.