gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Empirical correction to density functional theory for van der Waals interactions (2002)

An empirical method has been designed to account for the van der Waals interactions in practical molecular calculations with density functional theory. For each atom pair separated at a distance R, the method adds to the density functional electronic structure calculations an additional attraction energy EvdW=−fd(R)C6R−6, where fd(R) is the damping function which equals to one at large value of R and zero at small value of R. The coefficients C6 for pair interactions between hydrogen, carbon, nitrogen, and oxygen atoms have been developed in this work by a least-square fitting to the molecular C6 coefficients obtained from the dipole oscillator strength distribution method by Meath and co-workers. Two forms of the damping functions have been studied, with one dropping to zero at short distances much faster than the other. Four density functionals have been examined: Becke’s three parameter hybrid functional with the Lee-Yang-Parr correlation functional, Becke’s 1988 exchange functional with the LYP correlation functional, Becke’s 1988 exchange functional with Perdew and Wang’s 1991 (PW91) correlation functional, and PW91 exchange and correlation functional. The method has been applied to three systems where the van der Waals attractions are known to be important: rare-gas diatomic molecules, stacking of base pairs and polyalanines’ conformation stabilities. The results show that this empirical method, with the damping function dropping to zero smoothly, provides a significant correction to both of the Becke’s hybrid functional and the PW91 exchange and correlation functional. Results are comparable to the corresponding second-order Møller-Plesset calculations in many cases.
A 40 nm Fully Integrated 82 mW Stereo Headphone Module for Mobile Applications (2014)

An 82 mW fully integrated stereo ground-referenced headphone module is designed in 40 nm CMOS. Lower platform cost is enabled by integrating the headphone module on the same SoC as the baseband functions. Maintaining device reliability with direct battery hook-up and providing large output swing are major challenges for this work, and several techniques were employed to guarantee safe operation for all of the devices under various conditions. Area reduction techniques were utilized to reduce the die cost and achieve lower platform cost. The module supports direct battery hookup with a battery range from 3.1 to 4.5 V and achieves a minimum low frequency, i.e., 217 Hz, PSRR of 110 dB at the lowest battery voltage. Audio quality is preserved by achieving a dynamic range of 100 dB, THD+N of -84 dB at 10 mW output power, and 160 μV pop-and-click noise level during power-up and power-down. The module occupies an area of 0.675 mm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> on the SoC.
Hotspot Mitigating With Obliquely Finned Microchannel Heat Sink—An Experimental Study (2013)

Sectional oblique fins are employed, in contrast to continuous fins, in order to modulate the flow in a microchannel heat sink. The breakage of continuous fin into oblique sections leads to reinitialization of boundary layers and generation of secondary flows that significantly enhance the cooling performance of the heat sink. In addition, an oblique finned microchannel heat sink has the flexibility to tailor local heat transfer performance by varying its oblique fin pitch. Clusters of oblique fins at higher density can be created in order to promote a greater degree of boundary layer redevelopment and secondary flow generation to provide more effective cooling at the high heat-flux region. Thus, the variation of oblique fin pitch can be exploited for hotspot mitigation. Experimental studies of a silicon chip with two hotspot scenarios show that the temperature hike and the temperature difference for the enhanced microchannel heat sink with variable pitch are reduced by as much as 17.1 °C and 15.4 °C, respectively. As a result, temperature distribution across the silicon chip is more uniform. In addition, the associated pressure drop penalty is much smaller than the achieved heat transfer enhancement, rendering it as an effective hotspot mitigating strategy for the single-phase microchannel heat sink.
Precipitation Nowcasting by a Spectral-Based Nonlinear Stochastic Model (2009)

Abstract A novel rainfall nowcasting method based on the combination of an empirical nonlinear transformation of measured precipitation fields and the stochastic evolution in spectral space of the transformed fields is introduced. The power spectrum and the amplitude distribution of precipitation are kept constant during the forecast, and a Langevin-type model is used to evolve the Fourier phases. The application of the method to a study case is illustrated, and it is shown that, with this procedure, a forecast skill can be obtained that is superior to those provided by Eulerian or Lagrangian persistence for a lead time of up to two hours.
The Dihydroxyacetone Unit—A Versatile C<sub>3</sub>Building Block in Organic Synthesis (2005)

Nature employs dihydroxyacetone phosphate (DHAP) as the donor component in various enzyme-catalyzed aldol reactions. Probably the most significant example in this regard is photosynthesis, in which D-glucose, the most widespread natural product, is formed in just a few steps from DHAP. In recent years a number of synthetic equivalents of DHAP have been reported that deserve particular attention, as their applicability in organic synthesis is not limited to (stereoselective) aldol reactions. The power of these reagents has also been demonstrated convincingly in numerous other asymmetric electrophilic alpha-substitution reactions in target-oriented syntheses. Furthermore, the related 1,3-dioxins are useful equivalents of 2-substituted acrolein derivatives.
PAWS: Passive Human Activity Recognition Based on WiFi Ambient Signals (2015)

Indoor human activity recognition remains a hot topic and receives tremendous research efforts during the last few decades. However, previous solutions either rely on special hardware, or demand the cooperation of subjects. Therefore, the scalability issue remains a great challenge. To this end, we present an online activity recognition system, which explores WiFi ambient signals for received signal strength indicator (RSSI) fingerprint of different activities. It can be integrated into any existing WLAN networks without additional hardware support. Also, it does not need the subjects to be cooperative during the recognition process. More specifically, we first conduct an empirical study to gain in-depth understanding of WiFi characteristics, e.g., the impact of activities on the WiFi RSSI. Then, we present an online activity recognition architecture that is flexible and can adapt to different settings/conditions/scenarios. Lastly, a prototype system is built and evaluated via extensive real-world experiments. A novel fusion algorithm is specifically designed based on the classification tree to better classify activities with similar signatures. Experimental results show that the fusion algorithm outperforms three other well-known classifiers [i.e., NaiveBayes, Bagging, and k-nearest neighbor (k-NN)] in terms of accuracy and complexity. Important sights and hands-on experiences have been obtained to guide the system implementation and outline future research directions.
A "Near-Optimum" Multiple Path Routing Algorithm for Space-Based SDI Networks (1987)

This paper presents an adaptive routing algorithm for a mid-course, space-based SDI architecture. The goals include rapid recovery from both predictable and unpredictable outages as well as load balancing. Robust operation is critical. The routing table update algorithm is distributed, and it produces loop-free routes from periodic topology update information. In addition, multiple routes are found from source to destination nodes. This allows load splitting among these routes to achieve more effective load balancing. A heuristic is used to distribute the load among these routes. The basic algorithm also provides a mechanism to provide path diversity for added survivability. Recovery from failures detected locally occurs immediately through the use of alternate routes and an event-driven failure recovery algorithm. Simulation results are presented to demonstrate the algorithm behavior.
A Security Framework for the Internet of Things in the Future Internet Architecture (2017)

The Internet of Things (IoT) is a recent trend that extends the boundary of the Internet to include a wide variety of computing devices. Connecting many stand-alone IoT systems through the Internet introduces many challenges, with security being front-and-center since much of the collected information will be exposed to a wide and often unknown audience. Unfortunately, due to the intrinsic capability limits of low-end IoT devices, which account for a majority of the IoT end hosts, many traditional security methods cannot be applied to secure IoT systems, which open a door for attacks and exploits directed both against IoT services and the broader Internet. This paper addresses this issue by introducing a unified IoT framework based on the MobilityFirst future Internet architecture that explicitly focuses on supporting security for the IoT. Our design integrates local IoT systems into the global Internet without losing usability, interoperability and security protection. Specifically, we introduced an IoT middleware layer that connects heterogeneous hardware in local IoT systems to the global MobilityFirst network. We propose an IoT name resolution service (IoT-NRS) as a core component of the middleware layer, and develop a lightweight keying protocol that establishes trust between an IoT device and the IoT-NRS.
Vertical n-p-n bipolar transistors fabricated on buried oxide SOI (1984)

Vertical n-p-n bipolar transistors have been fabricated in silicon-on-insulator (SOI) films prepared by buried oxide implantation. Electrical device characteristics are shown to be comparable to those obtained on devices fabricated in bulk silicon, indicating no significant degradation owing to the buried oxide layer. Dielectric isolation in excess of 10 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">11</sup> Ω.cm and µ 3 × 10 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">6</sup> V/cm is measured.
Stem cells in prostate cancer: treating the root of the problem (2010)

Prostate cancer is a hormone-dependent, epithelial-derived tumor, resulting from uncontrolled growth of genetically unstable transformed cells. Stem cells are therapeutic targets for prostate cancer, but as disease progression occurs over decades, the imperative is to identify and target the cancer-repopulating cell (CRC) that maintains malignant clones. In order to achieve this goal, we will review the current knowledge of three specific types of cells, their origins, and their differentiation potential. The first is the normal stem cell, the second is the cancer cell of origin, and the third is the CRC. Specifically, we review three proposed models of stem cell differentiation in normal tissues, including linear, bidirectional, and independent lineages. We consider evidence of the cancer cell of origin arising from both basal and luminal cells. Finally, we discuss the limited data available on the identity and characterization of CRCs in localized and castrate-resistant prostate cancer, which is where we believe the focus of future research efforts should be directed. Ultimately, understanding the intrinsic or extrinsic influences that dictate the behavior of these unique cells will be instrumental in facilitating the development of new therapeutic targets for prostate cancer.
Evolution of the ICC profile connection space (2002)

The architecture used by the ICC to manage color is based on a device-independent color space called the Profile Connection Space (PCS). Each device relates its color space to that of the PCS, which allows source device profiles to be constructed without knowing the actual destination device and destination device profiles to be constructed without knowing the actual source device. The concept works well and has been widely adopted over the past several years. However, this widespread adoption has increasingly meant that profiles from various vendors will be connected in a color management system. In order for these profiles to work together, they must both implement the PCS in the same manner. Generally, this has been done well, but increasing quality expectations have shown that there are some areas in which the interoperability of profiles could be improved. The ICC has recently approved modifications to the PCS that address these issues. This paper will first describe the current ICC PCS, how it is used, and the interoperability problems that have been encountered. Next, it describes the PCS modification and shows how they improve the interoperability of ICC profiles.
Stability study of O/W emulsions using zeta potential (2010)

Emulsions are widely used as medicinal and cosmetic delivery systems on account of general observations that emulsified materials normally pos sess the properties being exhibited by its bulk components. In order to widen scope of application of the conclusions drawn, o/w emulsions covering almost all routes of administration were c onsidered for the study. These included parenteral emulsion, oral Emulsion and topical emul sion. Zeta potential including zeta deviation and peak position, and effective particle size of t he emulsions including Z-average diameter, poly dispersity index and peak position were studie d using a Zeta sizer (Malvern instrument). Employing Laser Doppler Electrophoresis and dynamic light scattering technique, Zeta potential and particle size distribution of the droplet as a function of time can be determined, which was done in this paper. Zeta potential is used to study the chemistry involved in determining whether or not an emulsion will remain stable in the enviro nment where it will be used. Hence it is very much essential. The stability of all diluted emulsi ons (1% v/v) of samples in milli-Q water was studied. The parameters Zeta potential, particle si ze and pH were measured at 1, 2, 3, 6, 8, 10, 12, 15, 20, 30, 45, 60, 75, 90 days after dilution of the emulsions by mechanical mixing. On the stability study of all these parameters it was foun d that topical emulsion were most stable followed by oral and parenteral
Nature of “Superluminal" Barrier Tunneling (2003)

We show that the distortionless tunneling of electromagnetic pulses through a barrier is a quasistatic process in which the slowly varying envelope of the incident pulse modulates the amplitude of a standing wave. For pulses longer than the barrier width, the barrier acts as a lumped element with respect to the pulse envelope. The envelopes of the transmitted and reflected fields can adiabatically follow the incident pulse with only a small delay that originates from energy storage. The theory presented here provides a physical explanation of the tunneling process and resolves the mystery of apparent superluminality.
InAs/Ga1−<i>x</i>In<i>x</i>Sb strained-layer superlattices grown by molecular-beam epitaxy (1990)

We report the successful growth of InAs/Ga1−xInxSb strained-layer superlattices by molecular-beam epitaxy. The superlattices are grown on thick, strain-relaxed InAs or GaSb buffer layers on (100)-oriented GaAs substrates. A short-period, heavily strained superlattice at the GaAs interface is found to improve the structural quality of the buffer layer. Arsenic incorporation in nominally pure GaSb layers is found to depend strongly on substrate temperature and As-background pressure. Best strained-layer superlattice structural quality is achieved for samples grown at fairly low substrate temperatures (&lt;400 °C). Photoluminescence measurements indicate that the energy gaps of the strained-layer superlattices are smaller than those of InAs/GaSb superlattices with the same layer thicknesses, in agreement with the theoretical predictions of Smith and Mailhiot [J. Appl. Phys. 62, 2545 (1987)]. Far-infrared photoluminescence is observed from a 37/25 Å, InAs/Ga0.75In0.25Sb superlattice, demonstrating that far-infrared cutoff wavelengths are compatible with short superlattice periods in this material system.
Discriminating Between Pitched Sources in Music Audio (2008)

Though humans find it relatively easy to identify and/or isolate different sources within polyphonic music, the emulation of this ability by a computer is a challenging task, and one that has direct relevance to music content description and information retrieval applications. For an automated system without any prior knowledge of a recording, a possible solution is to perform an initial segmentation of the recording into notes or regions with some time-frequency contiguity, and then collect into groups those units that are acoustically similar, and hence have a high likelihood of arising from a common source. This article addresses the second subtask, and provides two main contributions: (1) a derivation of a suboptimal subset out of a wide range of common audio features that maximizes the potential to discriminate between pitched sources in polyphonic music and (2) an estimation of the improvement in accuracy that can be achieved by using features other than pitch in the grouping process. In addition, the hypothesis was tested that more discriminatory features can be obtained through the application of source separation techniques prior to feature computation. Machine learning techniques have been applied to an annotated database of polyphonic recordings (containing 3181 labeled audio segments) spanning a wide range of musical genres. Average source-labeling accuracies of 68% and 76% were obtained with a 10-dimensional feature subset when the number of sources per recording was unknown and known a priori.
Research note. Fast decoders for double-error-correcting binary BCH codes (1988)

An algorithm is presented for the decoding of double error-correcting binary BCH codes. The algorithm avoids a Chien-type of search for the determination of the error locations and can be used for the implementation of fast decoders.
Automated malware detection using artifacts in forensic memory images (2016)

Malware is one of the greatest and most rapidly growing threats to the digital world. Traditional signature-based detection is no longer adequate to detect new variants and highly targeted malware. Furthermore, dynamic detection is often circumvented with anti-VM and/or anti-debugger techniques. Recently heuristic approaches have been explored to enhance detection accuracy while maintaining the generality of a model to detect unknown malware samples. In this paper, we investigate three feature types extracted from memory images - registry activity, imported libraries, and API function calls. After evaluating the importance of the different features, different machine learning techniques are implemented to compare performances of malware detection using the three feature types, respectively. The highest accuracy achieved was 96%, and was reached using a support vector machine model, fitted on data extracted from registry activity.
Vibration-induced modulation of fiberguide transmission (1977)

Linear intensity modulation of several percent in fiberguide transmission caused by flexural vibrations has been observed in bent fiberguides and attributed to modulated bending loss. Measurements of bending loss are presented which support this interpretation.
Introduction (2018)

Adolescence—when we are no longer children and have not yet reached adulthood—is a time of much disturbance, change and potential for growth. The adolescent is confronted with a body that stretches, changes and grows in all directions, as does her or his mind: he is no longer who he was.
Trade and Logistics in East Asia : A Development Agenda (2003)

This report is part of a strategy to\n promotes trade competitiveness within the East Asia and\n Pacific Region. It presents an overview of the logistics\n issues facing East Asia countries and proposes a development\n agenda for them. Based on the recognition that the\n countries have basic differences in their level of\n development, extent of openness, and composition of trade,\n it begins by discussing the benefits of improved logistics.\n The East Asian countries are organized into an action\n matrix, with an analysis of the logistics needs appropriate\n to each group. The country working papers (volumes 2, 3,\n & 5)discuss the assessment of preset logistics services\n and the impediments they impose upon, and opportunities they\n offer for, expanded trade, including policy reform\n proposals. The special report on ports (volume 4) addresses\n port development in relation to urban growth.
Substitution of asparagine residues in <i>Aspergillus awamori</i> glucoamylase by site-directed mutagenesis to eliminate N-glycosylation and inactivation by deamidation (1994)

Aspergillus awamori glucoamylase is a secreted glycoprotein containing N-linked carbohydrate recognition sites at Asn-171, Asn-182 and Asn-395. Site-directed mutagenesis was performed at Asn-182 and Asn-395 to determine whether these residues were N-glycosylated by Saccharomyces cerevisiae, to investigate the function of any glycans linked to them, and to determine the effect of their deamidation on glucoamylase thermostability. Asn-171 and Asn-395, but not Asn-182, were N-glycosylated. Deletion of the glycan N-linked to Asn-395 did not affect specific activity, but greatly decreased enzyme secretion and thermostability. The mutant lacking the N-glycan linked to Asn-395 was synthesized very slowly, and was more associated with cell membrane components and susceptible to proteinase degradation than were wild-type or other mutant glucoamylases. Its secreted form was 30-fold less thermostable than wild-type enzyme at pH 4.5. Replacement of Asn-182 by Gln to eliminate deamidation at this site did not change glucoamylase specific activity or thermostability, while replacement by Asp decreased specific activity about 25%, but increased thermostability moderately at pH 4.5 below 70 degrees C. Both mutations of Asn-182 increased glucoamylase production.
GSNO reductase and β2-adrenergic receptor gene–gene interaction: bronchodilator responsiveness to albuterol (2010)

Genotyping of GSNOR and beta2AR genes may be useful in identifying Latino individuals, who might benefit from adjuvant therapy for refractory asthma.
Characterization of RNA from equine infectious anemia virus (1977)

The genome of equine infectious anemia virus, a nononcogenic retrovirus, has been characterized by velocity sedimentation, electrophoresis in polyacrylamide gels, buoyant density in CS2SO4, and susceptibility to nuclease digestion. The nucleic acid of purified virus was resolved by sedimentation analysis into a fast-sedimenting genome component, which comprises about two-thirds of the virion RNA, and a slow-sedimenting RNA, which is probably comprised of host-derived tRNA and a trace amount of 5S RNA. The fast-sedimenting RNA had a sedimentation coefficient of 62S and a molecular weight of 5.4 X 10(6) to 5.6 X 10(6), as determined by sedimentation velocity and electrophoretic mobility. Upon heat denaturation, [3H]uridine-labeled 62S RNA dissociated into material comprised of 90 to 95% single-stranded species, sedimenting predominantly at 34S, with a molecular weight of 2.7 X 10(6) to 2.9 X 10(6) and 5 to 10% 4S RNA. The 62S RNA was predominantly single-stranded but contained double-stranded regions, as indicated by partial resistance to RNase IA and SI nuclease and by a lower buoyant density in CS2SO4 than that of the single-stranded 34S RNA derived by heat denaturation. These data indicated that the viral genome consisted of two 34S subunits of single-stranded RNA held in a high-molecular-weight complex with 4S RNA by a mechanism involving a small degree of base pairing. Thus, the structure of equine infectious anemia virus RNA is similar to that of other retroviruses.