gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Resetting global expectations from agricultural biofuels (2009)

Aggressive renewable energy policies have helped the biofuels industry grow at a rate few could have predicted. However, while discourse on the energy balance and environmental impacts of agricultural biofuel feedstocks are common, the potential they hold for additional production has received considerably less attention. Here we present a new biofuel yield analysis based on the best available global agricultural census data. These new data give us the first opportunity to consider geographically-specific patterns of biofuel feedstock production in different regions, across global, continental, national and sub-national scales. Compared to earlier biofuel yield tables, our global results show overestimates of biofuel yields by ∼100% or more for many crops. To encourage the use of regionally-specific data for future biofuel studies, we calculated complete results for 20 feedstock crops for 238 countries, states, territories and protectorates.
<scp>XIV</scp>. Yeast sequencing reports. A 21·7 kb DNA segment on the left arm of yeast chromosome XIV carries <i>WHI3, GCR2, SPX18, SPX19</i>, an homologue to the heat shock gene <i>SSB1</i> and 8 new open reading frames of unknown function (1994)

We report the amino acid sequence of 13 open reading frames (ORF > 299 bp) located on a 21.7 kb DNA segment from the left arm of chromosome XIV of Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Five open reading frames had been entirely or partially sequenced previously: WHI3, GCR2, SPX19, SPX18 and a heat shock gene similar to SSB1. The products of 8 other ORFs are new putative proteins among which N1394 is probably a membrane protein. N1346 contains a leucine zipper pattern and the corresponding ORF presents an HAP (global regulator of respiratory genes) upstream activating sequence in the promoting region. N1386 shares homologies with the DNA structure-specific recognition protein family SSRPs and the corresponding ORF is preceded by an MCB (MluI cell cycle box) upstream activating factor.
Reversible Insertion of a Trivalent Cation onto MnO2 Leading to Enhanced Capacitance (2011)

Supercapacitor properties of MnO2 are studied generally in aqueous alkali metal salt solutions, often in a Na salt solution. During electrochemical discharge-charge processes, Na+ ions from the electrolyte get reversibly inserted/deinserted on the surface of MnO2 particles, which leads to redox reaction between MnOONa and MnO2. In the present study, it has been shown that MnO2 exhibits enhanced capacitance behaviour in a rare earth metal salt solution, namely, La(NO3)3 solution in comparison with NaNO3 and Mg(NO3)2 aqueous solutions. The specific capacitance increases with an increase in charge on the solution cation (Na+, Mg2+ and La3+). It is proposed that the number of surface sites for adsorption of cations remains unaltered in all solutions. The surface insertion of cation facilitates the reduction of Mn4+ in MnO2 to Mn3+ equivalent to the charge present on the cation. As the specific capacitance is related to the quantity of charge that is exchanged between the solid MnO2 and the aqueous solution, the trivalent cation (La3+) provides greater specific capacitance than in Mg(NO3)2 and NaNO3 electrolytes. Accordingly, the number of Mn(IV)/Mn(III) redox pairs involved in the neighbourhood of the adsorption site is one, two and three when Na+, Mg2+ and La3+ ions, respectively, are adsorbed.
Novel regions of chromosomal amplification at 6p21, 5p13, and 12q14 in gastric cancer identified by array comparative genomic hybridization (2004)

Gastric cancer (GC) frequently displays changes in DNA copy number, but few studies have precisely correlated specific genetic alterations with changes in gene expression. We undertook both array comparative genomic hybridization (aCGH) and expression analyses of 20 primary GCs using a cDNA microarray with more than 9,300 genes. Diverse clinical and histopathologic tumor subtypes, including signet-ring tumors and tumors at the gastroesophageal junction, were analyzed. All tumors showed changes in gene copy number, with the majority showing multiple changes. Regions of gain and loss were generally consistent with previous cytogenetic reports; however, the use of aCGH greatly increased the resolution of measured genomic change. By comparing gene expression and high-resolution measurement of gene copy number directly, we were able to identify several regions of high-level gain associated with substantially increased gene expression that have not been defined previously in GC. Novel candidate oncogenes included dual-specificity tyrosine-(Y)-phosphorylation-regulated kinase 2 (DYRK2) and protein tyrosine kinase 7 (PTK7).
Epitaxial Lateral Overgrowth of GaN (2003)

This chapter contains sections titled: Heteroepitaxial GaN Introduction Growth of GaN/Sapphire and 6H-SiC Templates 2D Growth Mode (GaN/Sapphire) 3D Growth Mode (GaN/Sapphire) Defects in GaN/Sapphire and GaN/6H-SiC Extended Defects Native Defects Defect-Related Optical Properties Device Performance Limitations Electronic Properties of Defects Epitaxial Lateral Overgrowth (ELO) Standard ELO Rationale Experimental One-Step Lateral Overgrowth (1S-ELO) ELO in MOVPE Morphology and Defects Structural Assessment Kinetics In-Depth Optical Assessment of MOVPE ELO GaN HVPE In-Depth Assessment of HVPE ELO GaN Stripe Openings along 〈1120〉 Selective Area Epitaxy (SAE) (C2H5)2GaCl as Ga Source Stress Generation Sublimation New Developments ELO on Si Using W as Mask Maskless ELO Improvements of the Standard ELO Method Pendeo-Epitaxy ELO of Cubic GaN Two-Step ELO (2S-ELO) Experimental (MOVPE) In-Depth Assessment of 2S-ELO Cathodoluminescence Luminescence of GaN by Epitaxial Lateral Overgrowth Time-resolved Photoluminescence Deep Level Transient Spectroscopy (DLTS) Strain Distribution Assessment of HVPE ELO and Yellow Luminescence Conclusion New Trends 3S-ELO Further Improvements Theoretical Analysis of ELO Acknowledgments References
Anterior Cruciate Ligament Injury-Prevention Programs (2013)

A good anterior cruciate ligament injury-prevention program should: ➤ Incorporate feedback on technique ➤ Be performed throughout the year ➤ Focus on flexibility, strengthening, and plyometrics
Peritoneal dialysis: an underutilized modality (2010)

The improvement in outcomes of peritoneal dialysis patients makes a compelling argument for the expansion of the use of the therapy for the treatment of end-stage renal disease in the United States. We think that 20-40% of patients can be treated with peritoneal dialysis. However, any expansion in use should be done gradually and should include training healthcare providers while continuously monitoring patient outcomes.
New Architectures for Tet-On and Tet-Off Regulation in <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i> (2009)

Inducible expression is a valuable approach for the elucidation of gene functions. Here, we present new configurations of the tetracycline-dependent gene regulation (tet) system for Staphylococcus aureus. To provide improved and expanded modes of control, strains and plasmids were constructed for the constitutive expression of tetR or a variant allele, rev-tetR(r2). The encoded regulators respond differently to the effector anhydrotetracycline (ATc), which causes target gene expression to be induced with TetR or repressed with rev-TetR. To quantify and compare regulation mediated by episomal or chromosomal (rev-)tetR constructs, expression from a chromosomal P(xyl/tet)-gfpmut2 fusion was measured. Chromosomally encoded TetR showed tight repression and allowed high levels of dose-dependent gene expression in response to ATc. Regulatory abilities were further verified using a strain in which a native S. aureus gene (zwf) was put under tet control in its native chromosomal location. Tight repression was reflected by transcript amounts, which were barely detectable under repressed conditions and high in ATc-treated cells. In reporter gene assays, this type of control, termed Tet-on, was more efficient than Tet-off regulation, in which addition of ATc causes downregulation of a target gene. The latter was achieved and quantified by direct rev-TetR control of P(xyl/tet)-gfpmut2. Additionally, TetR was used in trans to control the expression of antisense RNA for posttranscriptional gene silencing. Induction of antisense RNA expression of the fabI gene caused pronounced growth retardation lasting several hours. These results demonstrate the efficiency of the new tet systems and their flexible use for different purposes.
Speculative computation for coprocessor synthesis (2002)

Time critical parts of a hardware-software system suitable for coprocessor implementation often contain nested loops. When loop pipelining is employed for high performance, control dependencies (conditional branches) in any part of the loop can become a dominant limitation to pipeline utilization. Speculative computation based on multiple branch prediction is a systematic approach that overcomes the problem of control dependencies and enables wide parallelism. We present the concept and some practical examples showing a speedup of up to three, with little hardware overhead.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
A Seven-Marker Signature and Clinical Outcome in Malignant Melanoma: A Large-Scale Tissue-Microarray Study with Two Independent Patient Cohorts (2012)

The seven-marker signature might serve as a prognostic tool enabling physicians to selectively triage, at the time of diagnosis, the subset of high recurrence risk stage I-II patients for adjuvant therapy. Selective treatment of those patients that are more likely to develop distant metastatic disease could potentially lower the burden of untreatable metastatic melanoma and revolutionize the therapeutic management of MM.
Performance of InGaAs/InP avalanche photodiodes as gated-mode photon counters (1998)

We investigate the performance of separate absorption multiplication InGaAs/InP avalanche photodiodes as single-photon detectors for 1.3- and 1.55-mum wavelengths. First we study afterpulses and choose experimental conditions to limit this effect. Then we compare the InGaAs/InP detector with a germanium avalanche photodiode; the former shows a lower dark-count rate. The effect of operating temperature is studied for both wavelengths. At 173 K and with a dark-count probability per gate of 10(-4), detection efficiencies of 16% for 1.3 mum and 7% for 1.55 mum are obtained. Finally, a timing resolution of less than200 ps is demonstrated.
Post‐polymerization functionalization of conducting polymers: Novel poly(alkylthiophene)s substituted with easily. Replaceable activated ester groups (1996)

One‐step post‐polymerization‐functionalization of polythiophene is reported. Using the new method presented here a large variety of amines carrying, for example, sterically demanding or electronically sensitive functional groups can be attached to conducting‐polymer‐modified electrodes even under aqueous conditions. The Figure shows the starting material which is polymerized then functionalized. The following paper in this issue presents the use of these materials in the development of amperometric biosensors. magnified image
CT and MR imaging findings and their implications in the follow-up of patients with intracranial aneurysms treated with endosaccular occlusion with onyx. (2003)

Onyx appears hypointense on MR images, with no artifact, and it does not interfere with MRA except in patients with stents. MR imaging may reveal new parenchymal lesions, even in asymptomatic patients. In the immediate control and follow-up of polymer-treated aneurysms, MR imaging and MRA may be preferred. CT may show the degree of filling in the aneurysmal sac, but Onyx creates artifacts that hinder CT evaluation.
Multicarrier bit-loading in presence of biased Gaussian noise sources (2005)

Certain types of non-Gaussian noise sources in multicarrier communication systems behave effectively as modulating signals that control the first moment of the background Gaussian noise. The composite noise, which is the aggregate of the Gaussian and non-Gaussian noise, has a probability density function that is conditionally Gaussian with non-zero average, hence referred to as biased-Gaussian. Impulsive interferers and timing-phase error are examples of such non-Gaussian noise sources. The BER-equivalent power of a composite noise source is defined as the power of a pure Gaussian noise source that yields the same bit-error rate (BER). The BER-equivalent noise for a biased-Gaussian noise is simply the amplified version of the underlying Gaussian noise source. The amplification factor is derived from the characteristics of the non-Gaussian noise source. Any bit-loading algorithm designed for Gaussian noise sources is also applicable to biased-Gaussian noise sources provided that the BER-equivalent SNR is used in place of the measured SNR.
GATA3 zinc finger 2 mutations reprogram the breast cancer transcriptional network (2018)

GATA3 is frequently mutated in breast cancer; these mutations are widely presumed to be loss-of function despite a dearth of information regarding their effect on disease course or their mechanistic impact on the breast cancer transcriptional network. Here, we address molecular and clinical features associated with GATA3 mutations. A novel classification scheme defines distinct clinical features for patients bearing breast tumors with mutations in the second GATA3 zinc-finger (ZnFn2). An engineered ZnFn2 mutant cell line by CRISPR-Cas9 reveals that mutation of one allele of the GATA3 second zinc finger (ZnFn2) leads to loss of binding and decreased expression at a subset of genes, including Progesterone Receptor. At other loci, associated with epithelial to mesenchymal transition, gain of binding correlates with increased gene expression. These results demonstrate that not all GATA3 mutations are equivalent and that ZnFn2 mutations impact breast cancer through gain and loss-of function.
Detection of <i>Chlamydia pneumoniae</i> –Reactive T Lymphocytes in Human Atherosclerotic Plaques of Carotid Artery (2000)

Linkage between Chlamydia pneumoniae infection and atherosclerosis has been confirmed in several studies, but the precise role of this organism in the disease process is not known. We investigated the relation and reactivity of T lymphocytes of human carotid plaques to C pneumoniae antigens. Tissue specimens were obtained from 17 patients who underwent carotid endarterectomy. Immunohistological staining and/or in situ hybridization revealed the presence of C pneumoniae in 11 (64%) of the 17 of the cases. Inflammatory infiltration seen in the vessel walls consisted primarily of CD45RO+ T-memory lymphocytes (median 80%, range 50% to 90%), whereas CD20+ B cells and monocytes were in minor proportion. In vivo activated T lymphocytes were propagated from the specimens with interleukin-2, and the antigen specificity of the established T-cell lines (TLLs) was analyzed against C pneumoniae elementary body antigen. TLLs were established from all 17 carotid tissues but none from the control specimens of ascending aorta. C pneumoniae was recognized as a specific T-cell-stimulating antigen in 7 (41%) of 17 cases. Further analyses of the C pneumoniae-reactive TLLs showed that chlamydial 60-kDa heat-shock protein induced specific proliferation in 5 (71%) of 7 cases and revealed 2 haplotype (DRB1*1502 and DQB1*06) binding motifs in human 60-kDa heat-shock protein. C pneumoniae was identified as a specific microbial antigen recognized by 41% of TLLs propagated from in vivo activated plaque T cells. Our results suggests that cell-mediated immunity to C pneumoniae plays a role in the atherosclerotic process and that this response may involve autoimmunity.
SP 800-117. Guide to Adopting and Using the Security Content Automation Protocol (SCAP) Version 1.0 (2010)

The purpose of this document is to provide an overview of the Security Content Automation Protocol (SCAP). This document discusses SCAP at a conceptual level, focusing on how organizations can use SCAP-enabled tools to enhance their security posture. It also explains to IT product and service vendors how they can adopt SCAP's capabilities within their offerings.
Discovery of Novel Cathepsin S Inhibitors by Pharmacophore-Based Virtual High-Throughput Screening (2008)

The cysteine protease cathepsin S (CatS) is involved in the pathogenesis of autoimmune disorders, atherosclerosis, and obesity. Therefore, it represents a promising pharmacological target for drug development. We generated ligand-based and structure-based pharmacophore models for noncovalent and covalent CatS inhibitors to perform virtual high-throughput screening of chemical databases in order to discover novel scaffolds for CatS inhibitors. An in vitro evaluation of the resulting 15 structures revealed seven CatS inhibitors with kinetic constants in the low micromolar range. These compounds can be subjected to further chemical modifications to obtain drugs for the treatment of autoimmune disorders and atherosclerosis.
Human-autonomy sensor fusion for rapid object detection (2015)

Human-autonomy sensor fusion is an emerging technology with a wide range of applications, including object detection/recognition, surveillance, collaborative control, and prosthetics. For object detection, humans and computer-vision-based systems employ different strategies to locate targets, likely providing complementary information. However, little effort has been made in combining the outputs of multiple autonomous detectors and multiple human-generated responses. This paper presents a method for integrating several sources of human- and autonomy-generated information for rapid object detection tasks. Human electroencephalography (EEG) and button-press responses from rapid serial visual presentation (RSVP) experiments are fused with outputs from trained object detection algorithms. Three fusion methods—Bayesian, Dempster-Shafer, and Dynamic Dempster-Shafer—are implemented for comparison. Results demonstrate that fusion of these human classifiers with computer-vision-based detectors improves object detection accuracy over purely computer-vision-based detection (5% relative increase in mean average precision) and the best individual computer vision algorithm (28% relative increase in mean average precision). Computer vision fused with button press response and/or the XDAWN + Bayesian Linear Discriminant Analysis neural classifier provides considerable improvement, while computer vision fused with other neural classifiers provides little or no improvement. Of the three fusion methods, Dynamic Dempster-Shafer Theory (DDST) Fusion exhibits the greatest performance in this application.
Assay of tall fescue seed extracts, fractions, and alkaloids using the large milkweed bug (1989)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTAssay of tall fescue seed extracts, fractions, and alkaloids using the large milkweed bugShelly G. Yates, James C. Fenster, and Robert J. BarteltCite this: J. Agric. Food Chem. 1989, 37, 2, 354–357Publication Date (Print):March 1, 1989Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 March 1989https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jf00086a018https://doi.org/10.1021/jf00086a018research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views228Altmetric-Citations50LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Identification of PKDL, a Novel Polycystic Kidney Disease 2-Like Gene Whose Murine Homologue Is Deleted in Mice with Kidney and Retinal Defects (1998)

Polycystin-1 and polycystin-2 are the products of PKD1 and PKD2, genes that are mutated in most cases of autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease. Polycystin-2 shares approximately 46% homology with pore-forming domains of a number of cation channels. It has been suggested that polycystin-2 may function as a subunit of an ion channel whose activity is regulated by polycystin-1. Here we report the identification of a human gene, PKDL, which encodes a new member of the polycystin protein family designated polycystin-L. Polycystin-L has 50% amino acid sequence identity and 71% homology to polycystin-2 and has striking sequence and structural resemblance to the pore-forming alpha1 subunits of Ca2+ channels, suggesting that polycystin-L may function as a subunit of an ion channel. The full-length transcript of PKDL is expressed at high levels in fetal tissues, including kidney and liver, and down-regulated in adult tissues. PKDL was assigned to 10q24 by fluorescence in situ hybridization and is linked to D10S603 by radiation hybrid mapping. There is no evidence of linkage to PKDL in six ADPKD families that are unlinked to PKD1 or PKD2. The mouse homologue of PKDL is deleted in Krd mice, a deletion mutant with defects in the kidney and eye. We propose that PKDL is an excellent candidate for as yet unmapped cystic diseases in man and animals.
Innovations in Health Value and Functional Food Development of Quinoa ( <i>Chenopodium quinoa</i> Willd.) (2015)

Quinoa (<i>Chenopodium quinoa</i> Willd., Amaranthaceae) is a grain-like, stress-tolerant food crop that has provided subsistence, nutrition, and medicine for Andean indigenous cultures for thousands of years. Quinoa contains a high content of health-beneficial phytochemicals, including amino acids, fiber, polyunsaturated fatty acids, vitamins, minerals, saponins, phytosterols, phytoecdysteroids, phenolics, betalains, and glycine betaine. Over the past 2 decades, numerous food and nutraceutical products and processes have been developed from quinoa. Furthermore, 4 clinical studies have demonstrated that quinoa supplementation exerts significant, positive effects on metabolic, cardiovascular, and gastrointestinal health in humans. However, vast challenges and opportunities remain within the scientific, agricultural, and development sectors to optimize quinoa's role in the promotion of global human health and nutrition.
Multiple organ dysfunction: Baseline and serial component scores (2001)

Organ dysfunction scores describe physiology at ICU admission and during ICU stay. Although patterns vary by system, daily MODS component scores provide additional prognostic value over baseline MODS.