gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Nanostructured Non-oxide Ceramics Templated via Block Copolymer Self-Assembly (2005)

Self-assembly of block copolymer is used as the template to form nanoscale ordered structure of a polymeric ceramic precursor. The self-assembly is subsequently pyrolyzed to form Si−C−N ceramic with nanoscale structure bearing local order.
Sex Pheromones of Summer Fruit Tortrix Moth <i>Adoxophyes orana</i> : Two Synergistic Isomers (1972)

Both cis-9-and cis-11-tetradecenyl acetate were isolated from 2500 virgin females of the summer fruit tortrix moth Adoxophyes orana (F.v.R.) by gel permeation, column chromatography on silica gel, and gas chromatography. Their chemical, physical, and biological properties were identical to those of the synthetic compounds. In contrast to the single compounds, mixtures of these pheromones were highly active in laboratory and field tests. Catches, in traps, with the pheromone mixture were comparable to those obtained when live females were used as bait. This is the first example of a member of the lepidoptera in which the presence of two isomers is an absolute requirement for activity in laboratory and in field experiments.
An anti-Gn glycoprotein antibody from a convalescent patient potently inhibits the infection of severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome virus (2018)

Abstract Severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome (SFTS) is an emerging infectious disease localized to China, Japan, and Korea that is characterized by severe hemorrhage and a high fatality rate. Currently, no specific vaccine or treatment has been approved for this disease. To develop a therapeutic agent for SFTS, we isolated antibodies from a phage-displayed antibody library that was constructed from a patient who recovered from SFTS virus (SFTSV) infection. One antibody, designated as Ab10, was reactive to the Gn envelope glycoprotein of SFTSV and protected host cells and A129 mice from infection in both in vitro and in vivo experiments. Notably, Ab10 protected 80% of mice, even when injected 5 days after inoculation with a lethal dose of SFTSV. Using cross-linker assisted mass spectrometry and alanine scanning, we located the non-linear epitope of Ab10 on the Gn glycoprotein domain II and an unstructured stem region, suggesting that Ab10 may inhibit a conformational alteration that is critical for cell membrane fusion between the virus and host cell. Ab10 reacted to recombinant Gn glycoprotein in Gangwon/Korea/2012, HB28, and SD4 strains. Additionally, based on its epitope, we predict that Ab10 binds the Gn glycoprotein in 247 of 272 reported SFTSV isolates previously reported. Together, these data suggest that Ab10 has potential to be developed into a therapeutic agent that could protect against more than 90% of reported SFTSV isolates. Author summary Severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome (SFTS) is an emerging infectious disease localized to China, Japan, and Korea. This tick-borne virus has infected more than 5,000 humans with a 6.4% to 20.9% fatality rate. Currently, there are no prophylactic or therapeutic measures against this virus. Historically, antibodies from patients who recovered from viral infection have been used to treat new patients. Until now, one recombinant monoclonal antibody was approved for the prophylaxis of respiratory syntial virus infection. We selected 10 antibodies from a patient who recovered from SFTS and found that one antibody potently inhibited SFTS viral infection in both test tube and animal studies. We determined the binding site of this antibody to SFTS virus, which allowed us to predict that this antibody could bind 247 out of 272 SFTS virus isolates reported up to now. We anticipate that this antibody could be developed into a therapeutic measure against SFTS.
Evaluation of Conoscopic Holography for Estimating Tumor Resection Cavities in Model-Based Image-Guided Neurosurgery (2014)

Surgical navigation relies on accurately mapping the intraoperative state of the patient to models derived from preoperative images. In image-guided neurosurgery, soft tissue deformations are common and have been shown to compromise the accuracy of guidance systems. In lieu of whole-brain intraoperative imaging, some advocate the use of intraoperatively acquired sparse data from laser-range scans, ultrasound imaging, or stereo reconstruction coupled with a computational model to drive subsurface deformations. Some authors have reported on compensating for brain sag, swelling, retraction, and the application of pharmaceuticals such as mannitol with these models. To date, strategies for modeling tissue resection have been limited. In this paper, we report our experiences with a novel digitization approach, called a conoprobe, to document tissue resection cavities and assess the impact of resection on model-based guidance systems. Specifically, the conoprobe was used to digitize the interior of the resection cavity during eight brain tumor resection surgeries and then compared against model prediction results of tumor locations. We should note that no effort was made to incorporate resection into the model but rather the objective was to determine if measurement was possible to study the impact on modeling tissue resection. In addition, the digitized resection cavity was compared with early postoperative MRI scans to determine whether these scans can further inform tissue resection. The results demonstrate benefit in model correction despite not having resection explicitly modeled. However, results also indicate the challenge that resection provides for model-correction approaches. With respect to the digitization technology, it is clear that the conoprobe provides important real-time data regarding resection and adds another dimension to our noncontact instrumentation framework for soft-tissue deformation compensation in guidance systems.
Direct Determination of Antibody Chain Pairing by Top-down and Middle-down Mass Spectrometry Using Electron Capture Dissociation and Ultraviolet Photodissociation (2019)

One challenge associated with the discovery and development of monoclonal antibody (mAb) therapeutics is the determination of heavy chain and light chain pairing. Advances in MS instrumentation and MS/MS methods have greatly enhanced capabilities for the analysis of large intact proteins yielding much more detailed and accurate proteoform characterization. Consequently, direct interrogation of intact antibodies or F(ab')2 and Fab fragments has the potential to significantly streamline therapeutic mAb discovery processes. Here, we demonstrate for the first time the ability to efficiently cleave disulfide bonds linking heavy and light chains of mAbs using electron capture dissociation (ECD) and 157 nm ultraviolet photodissociation (UVPD). The combination of intact mAb, Fab, or F(ab')2 mass, intact LC and Fd masses, and CDR3 sequence coverage enabled determination of heavy chain and light chain pairing from a single experiment and experimental condition. These results demonstrate the potential of top-down and middle-down proteomics to significantly streamline therapeutic antibody discovery.
Attenuated <i>Shigella</i> as a DNA Delivery Vehicle for DNA-Mediated Immunization (1995)

Direct inoculation of DNA, in the form of purified bacterial plasmids that are unable to replicate in mammalian cells but are able to direct cell synthesis of foreign proteins, is being explored as an approach to vaccine development. Here, a highly attenuated Shigella vector invaded mammalian cells and delivered such plasmids into the cytoplasm of cells, and subsequent production of functional foreign protein was measured. Because this Shigella vector was designed to deliver DNA to colonic mucosa, the method is a potential basis for oral and other mucosal DNA immunization and gene therapy strategies.
An Adaptive Scheme for Parallel Line Distance Protection (2001)

This paper describes an adaptive protective relaying scheme for parallel-line distance protection. The scheme adjusts its operation, based on the availability of input signals, to achieve an optimal distance protection performance on parallel lines influenced by mutual coupling effect. When available, zero sequence current from the parallel line is used to fully compensate the mutual coupling effect. The zero sequence current ratio is used to avoid possible false operations on a healthy line, which may result from such compensation. When the parallel lines' zero sequence current is not available, the line operating status is used instead to select proper zero sequence current compensation factors in impedance calculation. Default zero sequence current compensation factor is used when both parallel lines' zero sequence current and line operating status signals are not available. The performance of the scheme has been verified on a simulated network and the results are presented.
A Robust Modulation Classification Method for PSK Signals Using Random Graphs (2018)

In this paper, a modulation classification method is proposed for identifying phase shift-keying signals, and experiments are performed to confirm its validity. The method relies on the graph representation of the Fourier transform of the second and fourth powers of these signals. As the graph is fully connected only for certain modulation types, this represents a discriminating feature for classification. Unlike the existing techniques in the literature, the proposed method requires neither channel/ signal-to-noise ratio estimation nor timing/frequency offset correction. Experimental results show the applicability of the method in realistic radio fading channels.
Late development of antidesmoglein 1 antibodies in pemphigus vulgaris: correlation with disease progression (1999)

The coexistence of antidesmoglein 3 (Dsg3) and antidesmoglein 1 (Dsg1) autoantibodies is well described in patients with pemphigus vulgaris (PV); however, there is little evidence of sequential development of these two autoantibodies. Autoantibody responses to Dsg3 and Dsg1 were studied in seven PV patients over time by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, using baculovirus expressed recombinant fusion proteins. All patients had anti-Dsg3 IgG antibodies at presentation. Two patients developed anti-Dsg1 later in the course of the disease. The transition in autoantibody profile was associated with disease progression to generalized PV involving mucous membranes and skin in both patients; one patient initially presented with a predominantly mucosal phenotype, the other with herpetiform pemphigus-like features. These findings demonstrate that there is an extension of autoimmune response from anti-Dsg3 only to both anti-Dsg3 and anti-Dsg1 in some patients, which is associated with an alteration in clinical expression in PV.
CrossTrack: Robust 3D tracking from two cross-sectional views (2011)

One of the challenges in radiotherapy of moving tumors is to determine the location of the tumor accurately. Existing solutions to the problem are either invasive or inaccurate. We introduce a non-invasive solution to the problem by tracking the tumor in 3D using bi-plane ultrasound image sequences. We present CrossTrack, a novel tracking algorithm in this framework. We pose the problem as recursive inference of 3D location and tumor boundary segmentation in the two ultrasound views using the tumor 3D model as a prior. For the segmentation task, a robust graph-based approach is deployed as follows: First, robust segmentation priors are obtained through the tumor 3D model. Second, a unified graph combining information across time and multiple views is constructed with a robust weighting function. For the tracking task, an effective mechanism for recovery from respiration-induced occlusion is introduced. Our experiments show the robustness of CrossTrack in handling challenging tumor shapes and disappearance scenarios, with sub-voxel accuracy, and almost 100% precision and recall, significantly outperforming baseline solutions.
Improved Oil Recovery Potential by Using Emulsion Flooding (2014)

Abstract The present paper deals with emulsion flooding laboratory experiments in porous media, which were performed to investigate the potential use of emulsions as IOR technologies in brownfields of the Gulf of Mexico. Until now, the method of chemical emulsion injections free of siloxanes or fluorinated compounds to promote the hydrophobization of sandstone rocks to reconfigure the phase flow paths, water and oil, generating changes in the flow patterns after the injection of water in order to improve and increase the oil recovery has not been described in the literature. Oil-in-water emulsions were used along with a sand pack and a sandstone core. The flooding tests were carried out with Ottawa sand and Berea sandstones, respectively. The diameter size of the 90 % dispersed phase (D90), which was represented by a hydrophobic chemical compound, was lower than 5 μm and characterized by laser diffraction; the continuous phase was water. Initially, the oil was displaced by water injection. At the end of this step, the oil production fell to zero; all the oil inside the pore space was immobile. An emulsion slug was then injected, followed by another cycle of water injection. During this process, the additional oil recovery was higher than 15 %. An oil-in-water emulsion based on a hydrophobic compound blocked a small, water-full pore and additionally, changed the pore surface wettability from water-wet to oil-wet, which modifies the preferential water routes, increasing the volumetric sweep, changing the residual oil saturation and finally, increasing the oil recovery factor. The results suggest the possibility of using this novel technology in IOR projects for mature oil fields that feature medium gravity (20 °API) and produce high water cut. In addition, this technology is not affected by water salinity and temperature.
Photographic authentication through untrusted terminals (2003)

As a technique for authentication through untrusted public Internet terminals, photographic authentication relies on a person's ability to recognize personal photographs. The results from the authors' study demonstrate that this technique can reasonably withstand replay attacks, a common vulnerability of many existing techniques.
A scanning thermal microscopy system with a temperature dithering, servo-controlled interface circuit (2003)

This paper describes a thermal imaging system which includes a customized micromachined thermal probe and circuit interface for a scanning microscopy instrument. The probe shank is made from polyimide for mechanical compliance and high thermal isolation, and has a thin-film metal tip of /spl ap/50 nm in diameter. The circuit provides closed-loop control of the tip temperature and also permits it to be dithered, facilitating scanning microcalorimetry applications. This paper explains system design and optimization including both electrical and thermal analyses. Sample scans of patterned photoresist demonstrate noise-limited resolution of 29 pW/K in thermal conductance. Applications of the thermal imager extend from ULSI lithography research to biological diagnostics.
Theoretical optimization of nonlinear chirped-pulse fiber amplifiers (2007)

The exploitation of nonlinear phase shifts (ΦNL) in chirped-pulse fiber amplifiers has been demonstrated recently. Systematic optimization of the performance of a femtosecond-pulse fiber amplifier in the presence of substantial ΦNL is a challenging multivariable problem. We introduce an approximate theoretical model that is valid as long as the ΦNL is not so large that the spectrum changes substantially. The model allows an arbitrary chirped-pulse amplification system to be described by a set of four universal curves. These reveal the scaling of performance and allow determination of the optimal values of residual group-velocity dispersion and third-order dispersion for a given pulse duration and energy.
MEMS acoustic sensors for totally implantable hearing aid systems (2008)

There is a need for high quality implant microphone for existing semi-implantable hearing aid systems, including cochlear systems and middle ear semi-implant systems. A totally implant hearing aids system integrating implant microphone, interface electronics, speech processor, stimulator, and cochlear electrodes, can overcome the discomfort, inconvenient, and social stigma associate with the conventional and semi-implantable hearing aids. This paper presents the results of four years in vitro study to use micro-chip acoustic sensors, serving as implant microphones, to directly sense the umbo acoustic vibration and convert it into high quality sound signal at the output. Umbo vibration characteristics were extracted from literatures and laboratory data. A PZT vibration source was built to simulate the umbo receiving 40 to 100 dB SPL sound input. A laboratory model using commercial electrets- microphone as the sensor was studied in laboratory and on several temporal bones. Near flat frequency response from 250 to 8000Hz was measured with minimum detectable signal about 65 dB SPL at 1 kHz, limited by the sensitivity of the microphone and amplifier noise. From these results, an MEMS acoustic displacement sensor chip was designed and fabricated to increase the sensitivity and to provide an easy mounting method on umbo. The prototype device can detect 40 dB SPL sound in 1-2 kHz region, assuming 100Hz channel bandwidth. Test results on temporal bones are being cumulated and was presented.
Influence of Wind Turbine Generator Fault-tolerant Control on Power Production Quality (2014)

Renewable energy sources bring to fore the significance of power electronics and corresponding control. The topic of wind turbine fault-tolerant control has emerged as a promising line of research for improving their market competence. The paper presents summarized control of wind turbine converter with a fault-tolerant control extension for generator electromechanical faults, based on a proper modulation of the stator magnetic flux. The modulation also introduces hard periodic oscillations in the stator currents and generator output power. Simulation results obtained with a Matlab-Simplorer co-simulation and detailed power converter model show that DC-link capacitor and corresponding control algorithm act like an energy buffer that suppress the influence of generator stator oscillations on currents passed to the grid and maintain the high quality of power production. Following from the results, the generator and grid side controls are justified to be considered as two independent problems.
Power spectrum of an injection-locked Josephson oscillator (1974)

Previous experiments have shown that a Josephson oscillator, exposed to a weak narrow-band input signal, exhibits behavior characteristic of an injection-locked oscillator. When in lock, Adler's theory of injection locking describes the experimental observations reasonably well. This paper extends the range of applicability of the theory to the out-of-lock regime where a spectrum of output frequencies is observed. Obtaining the theoretical output power spectrum requires solving a differential equation having the same form as the equation describing the resistively shunted junction model of Stewart and of McCumber. Experimental measurements of the output spectrum of a nearly locked Josephson oscillator are shown to be in reasonable agreement with the theory. Additional results discussed briefly include the observation of a frequency dependence of the locked Josephson oscillator output, and experiments in which a Josephson oscillator-mixer was injection locked by a weak signal at the if.
Zeolite Synthesised from Fused Coal Fly Ash at Low Temperature Using Seawater for Crystallization (2024)

A sample of coal fly ash from an Italian thermoelectric power plant was used in order to synthesize zeolite by hydrothermal activation after a pre-treatment fusion with NaOH. The experiments involved were performed at different temperatures of crystallization, ranging from 35 up to 60uC, with seawater and distilled water, separately, during hydrothermal process. A comparison between the results obtained from the use of the different kinds of water showed that at low temperature (35–40 uC) the synthesis yield of zeolite X is higher using seawater as crystallizing agent than using distilled water. This implies a possible application for seawater in the solution to the problem of high water volume involved in the zeolite synthesis on a pilot plant scale.
Optical fiber probe for biomedicalRaman spectroscopy (2004)

In vitro experiments have demonstrated the ability of Raman spectroscopy to diagnose a wide variety of diseases. Recent in vivo investigations performed with optical fiber probes were promising but generally limited to easily accessible organs, often requiring relatively long collection times. We have implemented an optical design strategy to utilize system throughput fully by characterizing the Raman distribution from tissue. This scheme optimizes collection efficiency, minimizes noise, and has resulted in small-diameter, highly efficient Raman probes that are capable of collecting high-quality data in 1 s. Performance has been tested through simulations and experiments with tissue models and several in vitro tissue types, demonstrating that this new design can advance Raman spectroscopy as a clinically practical technique. © 2004 Optical Society of America OCIS codes: 120.3890, 170.5660, 120.4570, 060.2310.
A sequence mutation in the cinnamyl alcohol dehydrogenase gene associated with altered lignification in loblolly pine (2003)

Evidence for the molecular basis of a null allele of cinnamyl alcohol dehydrogenase (CAD) has been discovered in the loblolly pine (Pinus taeda L.) clone 7-56. The mutation is a two-base pair adenosine insertion located in exon 5 that causes a frame-shift which is predicted to result in premature termination of the protein. For routine detection of the mutation, a diagnostic assay was developed utilizing Template-directed Dye-terminator Incorporation and Fluorescence Polarization detection (FP-TDI). Loblolly pine is the most important commercial tree species in the USA, being harvested for pulp and solid wood products. Chemical pulping could be increased in efficiency by selecting for trees having a two-base pair adenosine insertion, by use of the rapid diagnostic assay developed in this study.
High performance tunnel field effect transistor with a tri-material-gate structure (2011)

Recently tunnel field effect transistors (TFETs) have been extensively investigated due to the ability to suppress the short channel effects [1]. However, certain drawbacks of the TFET device, particularly its high average subthreshold swing (SS) and low on-state current, hamper the device's performance [2]. Another problem with TFETs is that they exhibit ambipolar behavior, which leads to high I <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">off</sub> current [3]. To improve these characteristics simultaneously, we developed a novel TFET design with a tri-material-gate (TMG), and its properties were analyzed by numerical simulations.
Thermal-Barrier Coatings Containing Ytterbia (1987)

Resistance to thermal cycling increased. New outer ceramic coating layer for two-layer or graded thermal-barrier coating developed. Ceramic overlay zirconia stabilized with ytterbia and used in conjunction with NiCrAlY or NiCrAlYb bond coats. Two-layer system evaluated in furnace testing at temperatures cycled between 2,025 degrees F and 575 degrees F.