gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Trading T gates for dirty qubits in state preparation and unitary synthesis (2024)

Efficient synthesis of arbitrary quantum states and unitaries from a universal fault-tolerant gate-set e.g. Clifford+T is a key subroutine in quantum computation. As large quantum algorithms feature many qubits that encode coherent quantum information but remain idle for parts of the computation, these should be used if it minimizes overall gate counts, especially that of the expensive T-gates. We present a quantum algorithm for preparing any dimension-<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mml:mi>N</mml:mi></mml:math> pure quantum state specified by a list of <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mml:mi>N</mml:mi></mml:math> classical numbers, that realizes a trade-off between space and T-gates. Our scheme uses <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mml:mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"><mml:mi class="MJX-tex-caligraphic" mathvariant="script">O</mml:mi></mml:mrow><mml:mo stretchy="false">(</mml:mo><mml:mi>log</mml:mi><mml:mo>&#x2061;</mml:mo><mml:mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"><mml:mo stretchy="false">(</mml:mo><mml:mi>N</mml:mi><mml:mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"><mml:mo>/</mml:mo></mml:mrow><mml:mi>&#x03F5;</mml:mi><mml:mo stretchy="false">)</mml:mo></mml:mrow><mml:mo stretchy="false">)</mml:mo></mml:math> clean qubits and a tunable number of <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mml:mo>&#x223C;</mml:mo><mml:mo stretchy="false">(</mml:mo><mml:mi>&#x03BB;</mml:mi><mml:mi>log</mml:mi><mml:mo>&#x2061;</mml:mo><mml:mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"><mml:mo stretchy="false">(</mml:mo><mml:mfrac><mml:mrow><mml:mi>log</mml:mi><mml:mo>&#x2061;</mml:mo><mml:mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"><mml:mi>N</mml:mi></mml:mrow></mml:mrow><mml:mi>&#x03F5;</mml:mi></mml:mfrac><mml:mo stretchy="false">)</mml:mo></mml:mrow><mml:mo stretchy="false">)</mml:mo></mml:math> dirty qubits, to reduce the T-gate cost to <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mml:mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"><mml:mi class="MJX-tex-caligraphic" mathvariant="script">O</mml:mi></mml:mrow><mml:mo stretchy="false">(</mml:mo><mml:mfrac><mml:mi>N</mml:mi><mml:mi>&#x03BB;</mml:mi></mml:mfrac><mml:mo>+</mml:mo><mml:mi>&#x03BB;</mml:mi><mml:mi>log</mml:mi><mml:mo>&#x2061;</mml:mo><mml:mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"><mml:mfrac><mml:mi>N</mml:mi><mml:mi>&#x03F5;</mml:mi></mml:mfrac></mml:mrow><mml:mi>log</mml:mi><mml:mo>&#x2061;</mml:mo><mml:mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"><mml:mfrac><mml:mrow><mml:mi>log</mml:mi><mml:mo>&#x2061;</mml:mo><mml:mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"><mml:mi>N</mml:mi></mml:mrow></mml:mrow><mml:mi>&#x03F5;</mml:mi></mml:mfrac></mml:mrow><mml:mo stretchy="false">)</mml:mo></mml:math>. This trade-off is optimal up to logarithmic factors, proven through an unconditional gate counting lower bound, and is, in the best case, a quadratic improvement in T-count over prior ancillary-free approaches. We prove similar statements for unitary synthesis by reduction to state preparation. Underlying our constructions is a T-efficient circuit implementation of a quantum oracle for arbitrary classical data.
Patterning Magnetic Regions in Hydrogenated Graphene Via E‐Beam Irradiation (2015)

Partially hydrogenated graphene is ferromagnetic and may be patterned by electron-beam irradiation. Sequential patterning produces a patterned magnetic array. Removal of the hydrogen atoms also can convert electrically insulating fully hydrogenated graphene back into conductive graphene, enabling the writing of chemically isolated, dehydrogenated graphene nanoribbons as narrow as 100 nm.
Study of the origin of orientation ratio in high-density longitudinal magnetic recording media (2001)

A study on the origin of orientation ratio in high-density recording media on mechanically textured substrates is reported. C-axis distribution of Co grains in textured case observed using high resolution TEM images shows its preferred orientation along the circumferential (along the groove) direction. The asymmetrical easy axis distribution is seen by maximum torque observed in different directions along the plane of the film. Diffraction patterns from several individual grains of the Cr underlayer are analyzed and indicated the preference of Cr <110> along the circumferential direction. This could be the reason for C-axis of Co grains to show the preferred anisotropy along circumferential direction.
Orientation Field Estimation for Latent Fingerprints by Exhaustive Search of Large Database (2018)

Orientation field estimation is one of the most important steps in latent fingerprint recognition systems. However, due to very poor image quality, the performances of the state-of-the-art algorithms of orientation field estimation are still far from satisfactory. Based on the assumption that a sufficiently large fingerprint database should contain fingerprints whose orientation fields are quite similar to a latent fingerprint, we propose an orientation field estimation algorithm based on exhaustive search of large database for nearest neighbor. We set up a large database of 10,000 fingerprints of good quality, whose orientation fields and poses are estimated offline using traditional methods. Given a latent fingerprint as input, the most similar orientation field in the database is found and is combined with the original latent image to obtain the final orientation field. As a by product, we also obtain the pose of the latent fingerprint, which can be useful for fingerprint registration. The experimental results on NIST SD27 latent database show our method performs better than the state-of-the-art algorithms, in both orientation field estimation accuracy and identification performance, especially on those fingerprints of very poor quality.
Human Tissue Kallikreins: A New Enzymatic Cascade Pathway? (2002)

Serine proteases are proteolytic enzymes with an active serine residue in their catalytic site. Kallikreins are a subgroup of the serine protease family which is known to have diverse physiological functions. The human kallikrein gene family has now been fully characterized and includes 15 members tandemly located on chromosome 19q13.4. Here we discuss the common structural features of kallikreins at the DNA, mRNA and protein levels and summarize their tissue expression and hormonal regulation patterns. Kallikreins are expressed in many tissues including the salivary gland, endocrine tissues such as testis, prostate, breast and endometrium, and in the central nervous system. Most genes appear to be under steroid hormone regulation. The occurrence of several splice variants is common among kallikreins, and some of the splice variants seem to be tissue-specific and might be related to certain pathological conditions. Kallikreins are secreted in an inactive 'zymogen' form which is activated by cleavage of an N-terminal peptide. Some kalikreins can undergo autoactivation while others may be activated by other kallikreins or other proteases. Most kallikreins are predicted to have trypsin-like enzymatic activity except three which are probably chymotrypsin-like. New, but mainly circumstantial evidence, suggests that at least some kallikreins may be part of a novel enzymatic cascade pathway which is turned-on in aggressive forms of ovarian and probably other cancers.
High density forward projector for spatial resolution improvement (2013)

We propose a method to improve spatial resolution in CT reconstruction. We show that the proposed method improves spatial resolution with both numerical simulations and real CT data, without side-effects of aliasing artifacts.
Signal-Powered Low-Drop-Diode Equivalent Circuit for Full-Wave Bridge Rectifier (2012)

Piezoelectric-device-based vibration energy harvesting requires a rectifier for conversion of input ac to usable dc form. Power loss due to diode drop in rectifier is a significant fraction of the already low levels of harvested power. The proposed circuit is a low-drop-diode equivalent, which mimics a diode using linear region-operated MOSFET. The proposed diode equivalent is powered directly from input signal and requires no additional power supply for its control. Power used by the control circuit is kept at a bare minimum to have an overall output power improvement. Diode equivalent was used to replace the four diodes in a full-wave bridge rectifier, which is the basic full-wave rectifier and is a part of the more advanced rectifiers like switch-only and bias-flip rectifiers. Simulation in 130-nm technology and experiment with discrete components show that a bridge rectifier with the proposed diode provides a 30–169% increase in output power extracted from piezoelectric device, as compared to a bridge rectifier with diode-connected MOSFETs. The bridge rectifier with the proposed diode can extract 90% of the maximum available power from an ideal piezoelectric device-bridge rectifier circuit. Setting aside the constraint of power loss, simulations indicate that diode drop as low as 10 mV at 38 <formula formulatype="inline" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"><tex Notation="TeX">$\mu$ </tex></formula> A can be achieved.
Object Recognition by Integrated Information Using Web Images (2013)

It is an important task for a robot to bring objects requested by human via voice. In order to achieve the task, object recognition using speech and images is needed. Ozasa et al. has proposed the method for the object recognition by integrating speech and image information. Although this method requires both speech (word) and image models, the speech models are automatically constructed by combining phonemic acoustic models according to the dictionary. However, the image models have to be constructed manually in advance. In this paper, instead of the manual construction of the image models, we propose an automatic image model construction method for object recognition using Web images. The effectiveness of the proposed method is verified in the object recognition by integrating speech and image information.
The Regioselective Synthesis of Tepoxalin, 3-[5-(4-Chlorophenyl)-1-(4-methoxyphenyl)-3-pyrazolyl]-<i>N</i>-hydroxy-<i>N</i>-methylpropanamide and Related 1,5-Diarylpyrazole Anti-inflammatory Agents (1991)

Tepoxalin, a potent anti-inflammatory agent, and its analogs can be synthesized by condensing an appropriate arylhydrazine hydrochloride and a 6-aryl-4,6-dioxohexanoic acid in alcohol with a base catalyst. These diarylpyrazolylpropanoic acids can be converted to their N-methylhydroxamic acids by generating the requisite acid chloride, and allowing it to react with N-methylhydroxylamine.
Advantages using pulse shape discrimination to assign the depth of interaction information (DOI) from a multi layer phoswich detector (1999)

Recently new high resolution brain PET and PET/SPECT tomographs have been discussed using phoswich detectors. The detector design is based on two layers of scintillation crystals in the z-axis with different physical properties, such as light decay time or light yield. This makes it feasible to assign the depth of interaction (DOI) information in order to be able to correct for spatial degradation in PET or to operate the detector in PET or SPECT mode. The pixel DOI detectors are cost effectively arranged in a block design. In this work the authors discuss the possibility of separating events from the two different layers in the time domain using pulse shape discrimination or in the energy domain using pulse height discrimination. Furthermore, the authors have investigated the feasibility of interdetector scatter suppression using pulse shape discrimination. The measurements have been done using a LSO/LSO high resolution PET detector, a LSO and GSO crystal in coincidence and a NaI(TI)/LSO combined PET/SPECT detector. The investigations show, that the pulse shape discrimination technique has a significant higher identification probability compared to the pulse height discrimination and does make a interdetector scatter detection feasible.
Example-Based Depth Generation from Single Image for 3D Content (2008)

2D plus depth is the most convenient way of representing 3D content. Unlike traditional methods of depth map generation which recovers precise geometry from multiple images, this paper presents an example-based method for automatically creating a layered 3D depth map from a single photograph. In our method, example-based background matching is used to identify the closest background and segment the foreground. Then, we do the foreground objects detection and project these objects into perspective using their location. In the end, we provide a thorough quantitative result of our algorithm on a set of real photos which confirms the benefits of our integrated approach. Therefore, a single image can be the content for 3D world.
Oligodendrocyte and astrocyte development in rodents: An in situ and immunohistological analysis during embryonic development (2002)

Lineally related multipotent neuroepithelial cells (NEP), neuronal restricted precursors (NRP), and glial restricted precursors (GRP) have been identified in the spinal cord. To determine the sequence of differentiation and identify lineage and stage-specific markers, we have examined the spatiotemporal expression of established glial markers during rodent embryonic development and within fetal cell culture. In this report, we show that proliferating stem cells in the developing neural tube do not express any glial markers at E10.5. By E11, however, glial precursors have begun to differentiate and at least two regions of the ventral neural tube containing glial precursor cells can be distinguished, an Nkx2.2/Neurogenin 3 (Ngn3) domain and a platelet-derived growth factor receptor alpha (PDGFRalpha)/Olig2/Sox10 domain. Radial glia, as identified by RC1 immunoreactivity, develop in concert with other glial precursors and can be distinguished by their morphology, spatial distribution, and antigen expression. Astrocytes as assessed by glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) immunoreactivity are first detected at E16. A novel dorsal domain of CD44 immunoreactivity that can be distinguished from the more ventral glial precursor domains can be detected as early as E13.5.
EFFECTIVE AND ACCELERATED INFORMATIVE FRAME FILTERING IN COLONOSCOPY VIDEOS USING GRAPHICS PROCESSING UNIT (2011)

Colonoscopy is an endoscopic technique that allows a physician to inspect the mucosa of the human colon. Previous methods and software solutions to detect informative frames in a colonoscopy video (a process called informative frame filtering or IFF) have been hugely ineffective in (1) covering the proper definition of an informative frame in the broadest sense and (2) striking an optimal balance between accuracy and speed of classification in both real-time and non real-time medical procedures. In my thesis, I propose a more effective method and faster software solutions for IFF which is more effective due to the introduction of a heuristic algorithm (derived from experimental analysis of typical colon features) for classification. It contributed to a 5-10% boost in various performance metrics for IFF. The software modules are faster due to the incorporation of sophisticated parallel-processing oriented coding techniques on modern microprocessors. Two IFF modules were created, one for post-procedure and the other for real-time. Code optimizations through NVIDIA CUDA for GPU processing and/or CPU multi-threading concepts embedded in two significant microprocessor design philosophies (multi-core design and many-core design) resulted a 5-fold acceleration for the post-procedure module and a 40-fold acceleration for the real-time module. Some innovative software modules, which are still in testing phase, have been recently created to exploit the power of multiple GPUs together.
Protecting applications with transient authentication (2003)

How does a machine know who is using it? Current systems authenticate their users infrequently, and assume the user's identity does not change. Such persistent authentication is inappropriate for mobile and ubiquitous systems, where associations between people and devices are fluid and unpredictable. We solve this problem with Transient Authentication, in which a small hardware token continuously authenticates the user's presence over a short-range, wireless link. We present the four principles underlying Transient Authentication, and describe two techniques for securing applications. Applications can be protected transparently by encrypting in-memory state when the user departs and decrypting this state when the user returns. This technique is effective, requiring just under 10 seconds to protect and restore an entire machine, but indiscriminate. Instead, applications can utilize an API for Transient Authentication, protecting only sensitive state. We describe our ports of three applications---PGP, SSH, and Mozilla---to this API. Mozilla, the most complicated application we have ported, suffers less than 4% overhead in page loads in the worst case, and in typical use can be protected in less than 250 milliseconds.
Identification of a 3′ acceptor splice site mutation (g2610c) in the acid sphingomyelinase gene of patients with Niemann - Pick disease (1993)

Journal Article Identification of a 3′ acceptor splice site mutation (g2610c) in the acid sphingomyelinase gene of patients with Niemann - Pick disease Get access Orna Levran, Orna Levran Medical and Molecular Genetics, Mount Sinai School of MedicineNew York, NY 10029, USA Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Robert J. Desnick, Robert J. Desnick Medical and Molecular Genetics, Mount Sinai School of MedicineNew York, NY 10029, USA Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Edward H. Schuchman Edward H. Schuchman * Medical and Molecular Genetics, Mount Sinai School of MedicineNew York, NY 10029, USA * To whom correspondence should be addressed Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Human Molecular Genetics, Volume 2, Issue 2, February 1993, Pages 205–206, https://doi.org/10.1093/hmg/2.2.205 Published: 01 February 1993 Article history Received: 07 October 1992 Revision received: 01 December 1992 Accepted: 01 December 1992 Published: 01 February 1993
Soft Magnetic Properties of Fe-Based Bulk Amorphous Alloys (2000)

A large supercooled liquid region over 50 K before crystallization were obtained in amorphous Fe–(Al, Ga)–(P, C, B, Si), Fe–(Cr, Mo, Nb)–(Al, Ga)–(P, C, B) and (Fe, Co, Ni)–(Zr, Hf)–M–B (M = Ti, Hf, V, Nb, Ta, Cr, Mo, W) systems and their bulk glassy alloys were produced in a thickness range below 2 mm for the Fe–(Al, Ga)–(P, C, B, Si) system and 6 mm for the Fe–Co–(Zr, Nb, Ta)–(Mo, W)–B system by copper mold casting. The ring-shape glassy Fe–(Al, Ga)–(P, C, B, Si) alloys produced by copper mold casting exhibit much better soft magnetic properties than the ring-shape alloy made from the melt-spun ribbon as a result of the formation of a unique domain structure. The bulk Fe–(Al, Ga)–(P, C, B, Si) alloys were also produced by consolidating the amorphous powders using an electric-pulse-sintering method. The large elongation in the supercooled liquid region enables production of the bulk samples with relatively higher density and better soft magnetic properties than those of the sintered Fe–Si–B bulk amorphous sample. The bulk glassy (Fe, Co, Ni)70M10B20 (M = Zr, Hf) systems exhibit large supercooled liquid regions of 72 K for M = Zr, and of 82 K for M = Hf. The replacement of Zr or Hf by 2 at%Nb or Ta causes a further increase in the supercooled liquid region. The good combination of high glass-forming ability and good soft magnetic properties indicates the possibility of future development as a new bulk glassy magnetic material.
Defining Optical Software-Defined Networks (SDN): From a Compilation of Demos to Network Model Synthesis (2013)

We propose the first optical SDN model enabling performance optimization and comparison of heterogeneous SDN scenarios. We exploit it to minimize latency and compare cost for non-SDN, partial-SDN and full-SDN variants of the same network.
Nanoparticle-mediated Hyperthermia in Cancer Therapy (2011)

A small rise in tumor temperature (hyperthermia) makes cancer cells more susceptible to radiation and chemotherapy. The means of achieving this is not trivial, and traditional methods have certain drawbacks. Loading tumors with systematically asministered energy-transducing nanoparticles can circumvent several of the obstacles to achieve tumor hyperthermia. However, nanoparticles also face unique challenges prior to clinical implementation. This article summarizes the state-of-the-art current technology and discusses the advantages and challenges of the three major nanoparticle formulations in focus: gold nanoshells and nanorods, superparamagnetic iron oxide particles and carbon nanotubes.
High-potency dipeptide sweeteners. 2. L-Aspartylfuryl-, thienyl-, and imidazolylglycine esters (1990)

Eight L-aspartyl dipeptides derived from heterocyclic glycine esters were prepared and evaluated as sweeteners. The fenchyl esters of L-aspartyl-2-furyl-, 2- and 3-thienyl-, and imidazolylglycine were all potently sweet with the D-2-furylglycine (+)-beta-fenchyl ester being the most potent at 16,500 times the potency of sucrose. The requirement for a planar heterocyclic group directly attached to the glycine carbon atom was demonstrated by the observation that the tetrahydrofuryl and beta-thienylalanine fenchyl esters were not sweet. The heteroaromatic glycine esters join the phenylglycine esters as a novel class of dipeptide sweeteners with very high potency.
Identification of a sequence of human activated protein C (residues 390-404) essential for its anticoagulant activity. (1991)

Activated protein C (APC) exerts its physiologic anticoagulant role by proteolytic inactivation of the blood coagulation cofactors Va and VIIIa. To identify the regions on the surface that mediate anticoagulant activity, 26 synthetic peptides were prepared representing 90% of the human protein C heavy chain primary structure and tested for their ability to inhibit APC anticoagulant activity. Peptide-(390-404) specifically inhibited APC activity in activated partial thromboplastin time and Xa-1-stage coagulation assays in normal, in protein S-depleted and Factor VIII-deficient plasma with 50% inhibition at 5 microM peptide. Polyclonal antibodies raised against this peptide and immunoaffinity-purified on a protein C-Sepharose column inhibited APC anticoagulant activity in activated partial thromboplastin time and Xa-1-stage assays in normal, protein S-depleted, and Factor VIII-deficient plasma with half-maximal inhibition at 30 nM anti-(390-404) antibody. Neither the peptide-(390-404) nor the anti-(390-404) antibodies inhibited APC amidolytic activity or the reaction of APC with recombinant [Arg358] alpha 1-antitrypsin. Furthermore, in a purified system, peptide-(390-404) inhibited APC-catalyzed inactivation of Factor Va in the presence as well as in the absence of phospholipids with 50% inhibition at 4 microM peptide. These data suggest that the region containing residues 390-404 in APC is essential for anticoagulant activity and is available to interact with antibodies or with other proteins such as the macromolecular substrates Factors Va or VIIIa.