gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Experimental Considerations on the Piezoelectric Vibratory Gyrosensor Using a Trident Tuning-Fork Resonator (1996)

This paper concerns the piezoelectric vibratory gyrosensor using a trident tuning-fork resonator characterized by high stability. In the first part of this paper, the methods of adjusting the resonance frequencies are discussed. Then the investigations to compensate the imbalance in a trident tuning-fork resonator are shown. Moreover, we constructed an experimental gyrosensor based on these results, using differential detection to eliminate the leakage output signals. A miniature piezoelectric vibratory gyrosensor with superior linearity could be achieved.
Formation of Core‐Shell Structure in Ultrafine‐Grained BaTiO <sub>3</sub> ‐Based Ceramics Through Nanodopant Method (2009)

The formation of core‐shell structure is the key issue of temperature stable barium titanate‐based dielectric ceramic for multilayer ceramic capacitor application. It is difficult to obtain and observe the core‐shell structure in ceramic grains when the grain size becomes smaller, especially to sizes <200 nm. A nanodopant method has been developed for the preparation of ultrafine‐grained barium titanate‐based ceramics with grain size below 200 nm. The existence of core‐shell structure was proved by transmission electron microscopy observation and energy‐dispersive spectroscopy analysis. High‐performance X7R dielectric ceramics were produced in a reducing atmosphere by normal sintering and two‐step sintering method. The dielectric constant at room temperature could reach over 2000, with a low dielectric loss at about 1.0% and high insulation resistivity ∼10 12 Ω·cm.
Optimization of <scp>4D</scp> combined angiography and perfusion using radial imaging and arterial spin labeling (2022)

4D CAPRIA optimized using a VFA schedule and LLR reconstruction can yield high quality whole head 4D angiograms and perfusion images from a single scan.
Study and evaluation of a single differential sensor design based on electro-textile electrodes for ECG biometrics applications (2011)

In this paper we present a study and evaluation of a custom single differential sensor design for ECG data acquisition, recurring to electro-textile electrodes as the interface between the sensor and the skin. Our work is focused on improving current signal acquisition methods for ECG biometrics, targeting wearable, continuous and unobtrusive applications. A circuit with virtual ground was also devised for enhanced usability. The purpose is to build upon and further extend the state-of-the-art in the field, improving existing signal acquisition conditions by: minimizing the number of electrical contact points with the subject's body; eliminating the need of gel in the interface with the skin; and devising a non-intrusive design that can be easily integrated into wearable devices. Experimental analysis has been performed to compare the proposed approach with a reference acquisition sensor, and results validate the potential of our method.
Atomic Engineering of Mixed Ferrite and Core–Shell Nanoparticles (2005)

Nanoparticulate ferrites such as manganese zinc ferrite and nickel zinc ferrite hold great promise for advanced applications in power electronics. The use of these materials in current applications requires fine control over the nanoparticle size as well as size distribution to maximize their packing density. While there are several techniques for the synthesis of ferrite nanoparticles, reverse micelle techniques provide the greatest flexibility and control over size, crystallinity, and magnetic properties. Recipes for the synthesis of manganese zinc ferrite, nickel zinc ferrite, and an enhanced ferrite are presented along with analysis of the crystalline and magnetic properties. Comparisons are made on the quality of nanoparticles produced using different surfactant systems. The importance of various reaction conditions is explored with a discussion on the corresponding effects on the magnetic properties, particle morphology, stoichiometry, crystallinity, and phase purity.
A new era for Waldenstrom macroglobulinemia: MYD88 L265P (2013)

In this issue of Blood, Poulain et al demonstrate the high prevalence of the MYD88 L265P somatic mutation in patients with Waldenstrom macroglobulinemia (WM) and provide insight into its biological relevance in the growth and survival of WM.
Trypsin-independent porcine epidemic diarrhea virus US strain with altered virus entry mechanism (2017)

These results suggest that applying selective pressure during viral passages can facilitate attainment of viral attenuation and that PEDV 8aa warrants further investigation as an attenuated vaccine.
Discovery of indoximod prodrugs and characterization of clinical candidate NLG802 (2020)

A series of different prodrugs of indoximod, including estesrs and peptide amides were synthesized with the aim of improving its oral bioavailability in humans. The pharmacokinetics of prodrugs that were stable in buffers, plasma and simulated gastric and intestinal fluids was first assessed in rats after oral dosing in solution or in capsule formulation. Two prodrugs that produced the highest exposure to indoximod in rats were further tested in Cynomolgus monkeys, a species in which indoximod has oral bioavailability of 6-10% and an equivalent dose-dependent exposure profile as humans. NLG802 was selected as the clinical development candidate after increasing oral bioavailability (>5-fold), C<sub>max</sub> (6.1-3.6 fold) and AUC (2.9-5.2 fold) in monkeys, compared to equivalent molar oral doses of indoximod. NLG802 is extensively absorbed and rapidly metabolized to indoximod in all species tested and shows a safe toxicological profile at the anticipated therapeutic doses. NLG802 markedly enhanced the anti-tumor responses of tumor-specific pmel-1 T cells in a melanoma tumor model. In conclusion, NLG802 is a prodrug of indoximod expected to increase clinical drug exposure to indoximod above the current achievable levels, thus increasing the possibility of therapeutic effects in a larger fraction of the target patient population.
Quantification of Axonal Damage in Traumatic Brain Injury (1999)

Diffuse axonal injury is a primary feature of head trauma and is one of the most frequent causes of mortality and morbidity. Diffuse axonal injury is microscopic in nature and difficult or impossible to detect with imaging techniques. The objective of the present study was to determine whether axonal injury in head trauma patients could be quantified by measuring levels of CSF tau proteins. Tau proteins are structural microtubule binding proteins primarily localized in the axonal compartment of neurons. Monoclonal antibodies recognizing the form of tau found in the CSF of head trauma patients were developed by differential CSF hybridoma screening using CSF from head trauma and control patients. Clones positive for head trauma CSF tau proteins were used to characterize this form of tau and for ELISA development. Using the developed ELISA, CSF tau levels were elevated >1,000-fold in head trauma patients (mean, 1,519 ng/ml of CSF) when compared with patients with multiple sclerosis (mean, 0.014 ng/ml of CSF; p < 0.001), normal pressure hydrocephalus (nondetectable CSF tau), neurologic controls (mean, 0.031 ng/ml of CSF; p < 0.001), or nonneurologic controls (nondetectable CSF tau; p < 0.001). In head trauma, a relationship between clinical improvement and decreased CSF tau levels was observed. These data suggest that CSF tau levels may prove a clinically useful assay for quantifying the axonal injury associated with head trauma and monitoring efficacy of neuroprotective agents. Affinity purification of CSF tau from head trauma patients indicated a uniform cleavage of approximately 18 kDa from all six tau isoforms, reducing their apparent molecular sizes to 30-50 kDa. These cleaved forms of CSF tau consisted of the interior portion of the tau sequence, including the microtubule binding domain, as judged by cyanogen bromide digestion. Consistent with these data, CSF cleaved tau bound taxol-polymerized microtubules, indicating a functionally intact microtubule binding domain. Furthermore, epitope mapping studies suggested that CSF cleaved tau proteins consist of the interior portion of the tau sequence with cleavage at both N and C terminals.
Angle-dependent ultrasonic detection and imaging of brachytherapy seeds using singular spectrum analysis (2008)

Transrectal-ultrasound-guided brachytherapy uses small titanium-shelled radioactive seeds to locally treat prostate cancer. During the implantation procedure, needles inserted transperitoneally cause gland movement resulting in seed misplacement and suboptimal dosimetry. In a previous study, an algorithm based on singular spectrum analysis (SSA) applied to envelope-detected ultrasound signals was proposed to determine seed locations [J. Mamou and E. J. Feleppa, J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 121, 1790-1801 (2007)]. Successful implementation of the SSA algorithm could allow correcting dosimetry errors during the implantation procedure. The algorithm demonstrated promise when the seed orientation was parallel to the needle and normal to the ultrasound beam. In this present study, the algorithm was tested when the seed orientation deviated up to 22 degrees from normality. Experimental data from a seed in an ideal environment and in beef were collected with a single-element, spherically focused, 5 MHz transducer. Simulations were designed and evaluated with the algorithm. Finally, objective quantitative scoring metrics were developed to evaluate the algorithm performance and for comparison with B-mode images. The results quantitatively established that the SSA algorithm always outperformed B-mode images and that seeds could be detected accurately up to a deviation of approximately 10 degrees .
Thermoelectric materials : principles and concepts for enhanced properties (2020)

How can you design good thermoelectric materials? This book covers thermoelectric material concepts and synthesis techniques in particular focusing methods for enhancing current materials designs to achieve the greatest thermoelectric efficiencies. This book is ideal for researchers and advanced students of materials science, physics, and energy.
Optical Magnification Matrix: Near Objects and Strongly Oblique Incidence (2008)

The result is a generalization of any of the formerly known results for the magnification matrix in the paraxial case. The treatment is complete in the sense that it covers any situation that can be encountered when light propagates through an optical system with a finite number of refracting surfaces to an eye. In particular, the oblique case is treated exactly even if the chief ray lies beyond the domain in which the transference theory of linear optics could be applied.
Efficient symbolic differentiation for graphics applications (2007)

Functions with densely interconnected expression graphs, which arise in computer graphics applications such as dynamics, space-time optimization, and PRT, can be difficult to efficiently differentiate using existing symbolic or automatic differentiation techniques. Our new algorithm, D*, computes efficient symbolic derivatives for these functions by symbolically executing the expression graph at compile time to eliminate common subexpressions and by exploiting the special nature of the graph that represents the derivative of a function. This graph has a sum of products form; the new algorithm computes a factorization of this derivative graph along with an efficient grouping of product terms into subexpressions. For the problems in our test suite D* generates symbolic derivatives which are up to 4.6 x 103 times faster than those computed by the symbolic math program Mathematica and up to 2.2x105 times faster than the non-symbolic automatic differentiation program CppAD. In some cases the D* derivatives rival the best manually derived solutions.
Soluble Carbon Nanotubes (2003)

Abstract For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Flue gas conditioning for fabric filter performance improvement (1989)

The objective of this project was to develop a particulate control technology that can reliably remove particulate matter, with particle diameters from 0.01 to 10 micrometers ({mu}m), from a flue gas stream, with a removal efficiency of at least 99.9% for all particle sizes, independent of coal type. The method involved injection of ammonia (NH{sub 3}) and sulfur trioxide (SO{sub 3}) as conditioning agents into the flue gas, upstream of a baghouse to increase particle collection efficiency and simultaneously reduce baghouse pressure drop. Work included the design and construction of a single-bag, reverse-air baghouse that was installed on the existing EERC particulate test combustor. Effort consisted of four, one-day tests with the shaker baghouse to verify conditioning agent concentrations determined in previous bench-scale research at EERC, and four, one-day shakedown tests with the reverse-air baghouse. Four tests were conducted, including a baseline and conditioning test with the reverse-air baghouse using Pittsburgh {number sign}8 seam bituminous and Monticello Texas lignite. Longer-term verification of the effectiveness of conditioning with a reverse-air-cleaned baghouse consisted of 500-hour baseline and conditioning tests with, the Monticello lignite. 30 refs., 34 figs., 16 tabs.
Optical technique for the measurement of turbulent spectra using the photorefractive properties of BaTiO3 (1990)

An optical technique for obtaining two-dimensional spectra of turbulent flows is presented. A coherent beam is passed through a turbulent flow and acquires phase perturbations which are related to the density field of the flow. This phase-modulated beam is focused to obtain the Fourier transform of the incoherent, fluctuating portion of the field. The coherent portion of the field is removed by exploiting the photorefractive properties of BaTiO3 as a temporal filter. The technique is an improvement over existing methods in that it is nonintrusive, has a wide dynamic range, and requires no assumption of isotropy of the turbulence.
Tunable nonlinearly-chirped fiber Bragg grating for use as a dispersion compensator with a voltage-controlled dispersion (2002)

Summary form only given. We report the fabrication and tuning characteristics of a novel nonlinearly-chirped fiber Bragg grating (FBG). We use only a single mechanical PZT stretching element to tune the resonant wavelength of the device to dramatically and smoothly alter the generated chirp in a nonlinear function for a given channel from 300 ps/nm up to 1000 ps/nm. Moreover, the reflected power varies by only /spl sim/0.7 dB during tuning. This nonlinear FBG has a stable switching speed up to 100 Hz, which is sufficiently fast for active dispersion compensation in circuit-switched optical systems. Such an active dispersion technique may be placed in optical nodes for highly-robust performance. Although we have achieved dispersion tuning from 300-1000 ps/nm, larger dispersion tuning ranges can be obtained.
In Situ Method for Measuring the Permeability and Resistivity of Metal Sheets (1975)

The electromagnetic shielding properties of enclosures, constructed of well-jointed metal sheets, depends primarily upon the permeability, resistivity, and thickness of these sheets. A nondestructive method of measuring the permeability and resistivity of these sheets is described. This method requires access to only a single surface of the metal to be tested and does not require preparation of samples or other cutting operations. The portable test equipment can be applied to the exterior surfaces of small enclosures or to the interior surfaces of large enclosures even if these latter are buried in the earth. Sets of electrical contacts are used to inject a unit-step pulse of current into the exposed surface of the sheet and the resulting surface voltage gradient between the contacts is measured. The permeability and resistivity of the metal determine the rate of diffusion of current into the surface and, therefore, the rate of decrease of this surface voltage gradient. At late times the current density will be uniform throughout the thickness of the sheet resulting in the surface voltage gradient stabilizing at a value depending on the resistivity and thickness of the metal.
A method for depositing CdTe from aqueous solution (2016)

We present a novel method for depositing crystalline cadmium telluride (CdTe) thin films from aqueous solutions. The films were deposited via a spin-coating technique by direct conversion alternating layers of Cd and Te precursor solutions. Powder x-ray diffraction (XRD) patterns and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) images of the films show crystallization and preferential orientation of the grains to the (111) following a post-deposition thermal annealing in the presence of cadmium chloride (CdCl <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> ). This result is a promising first step towards the fabrication of a CdTe-based photovoltaic device using a solution-deposited absorber layer.
A novel technique for beam squint cancellation in planar reflectors (2006)

Due to the frequency dependence of phasing mechanisms applied in planar printed reflectors, such antennas are prone to beam squint as the frequency is scanned within the operating band. A novel technique is introduced in this paper to cancel the beam squint due to frequency sweep. Another reflector is used to cancel the beam squint within the operating band. The results are compared with the beam squint of a conventional planar reflector in order to demonstrate the effectiveness of the suggested technique.
Photocatalytic Activity of Titanium Dioxide Powder Fabricated from an Anodized Titanium Sheet under Ultra-Violet and Visible Light Irradiation (2017)

A commercially pure titanium sheet with titanium carbide (TiC) precipitated in its surface layer was anodized in NH4NO3 aqueous solution and heat treated in air. The photocatalytic activity of titanium dioxide powder collected from the surface of the anodized titanium sheet was evaluated under ultra-violet and visible light irradiation. It showed relatively high photocatalytic activity in 0.1 mol/l potassium iodide solution, which was almost equal to the activity level of TiO2 powder (P-25) manufactured by Degussa Corporation. The better photocatalytic activity under ultra-violet irradiation is considered to be related to the formation of anatase type titanium dioxide. Photocatalytic activity under visible light irradiation was also observed, which was considered to be attributable to impurity doping, (carbon), in the titanium dioxide powder.
Chip-scale IMU using folded-mems approach (2010)

This paper reports a new approach to design and fabrication of chip-level inertial measurement units (IMUs). The folded-chip method utilizes a 3-D foldable silicon-on-insulator (SOI) backbone suitable for high-aspect ratio sensor fabrication. Assembly is done on the wafer level forming a compact rigid 6-axis system of sensors. Accelerometers and gyroscopes are fabricated in parallel with the folded structure on the same substrate, and are electrically and mechanically interfaced through integrated flexible polyimide film hinges and interlocking silicon latches. To demonstrate feasibility of the approach, folded IMUs are fabricated containing resonant capacitive accelerometers and gyroscopes. The value of the scale factor of the accelerometers is tunable over a range from 1.75 Hz/g to 3.7 Hz/g. Driving the gyroscope on the pyramid sidewall with 1.5 kHz operational frequency, the rotation rate is characterized in air to demonstrate operation with a scale factor of 0.43 mV/(deg/sec). Structural rigidity was verified by subjecting the IMU to oscillations from 50 Hz - 3.5 kHz over an amplitude range of 5-25 g. The results confirm feasibility of the proposed folded MEMS IMU approach, and may enable new integrated architectures for other multi-axis dynamic sensors, such as 3-D microphones, hydrophones, and ultrasonic transducers.
Quantification of Local Convectional Cooling During Cardiac Radiofrequency Catheter Ablation (2006)

Radiofrequency (RF) catheter ablation is an effective, minimally invasive treatment method in clinical use for treatment of different cardiac arrhythmia. Studies have shown that lesion dimensions strongly depend on blood flow mediated convective cooling at the ablation site. We present a simple method to quantify convective cooling. A brief pulse of RF energy (10 W for 5 s) is applied, and catheter tip temperature is measured during and after energy application. Two parameters are extracted: 1) maximum tip temperature increase, and 2) slope of temperature decay 8degC above initial temperature. We tested whether these parameters can quantify convective cooling in ex vivo experiments. A RF catheter was inserted into a tissue phantom placed in a saline bath. Flow at different rates of 0, 1, 2 and 3 L/min was injected towards the catheter, and the parameters were extracted. Both parameters correlated with flow rate. Slope of temperature decay showed linear dependence on flow rate, maximum temperature increase showed exponential dependence. The parameters are potentially useful in quantifying convective cooling before ablation to predict lesion dimensions
Laser‐Induced Graphene: From Discovery to Translation (2018)

Abstract Laser‐induced graphene (LIG) is a 3D porous material prepared by direct laser writing with a CO 2 laser on carbon materials in ambient atmosphere. This technique combines 3D graphene preparation and patterning into a single step without the need for wet chemical steps. Since its discovery in 2014, LIG has attracted broad research interest, with several papers being published per month using this approach. These serve to delineate the mechanism of the LIG‐forming process and to showcase the translation into many application areas. Herein, the strategies that have been developed to synthesize LIG are summarized, including the control of LIG properties such as porosity, composition, and surface characteristics, and the advancement in methodology to convert diverse carbon precursors into LIG. Taking advantage of the LIG properties, the applications of LIG in broad fields, such as microfluidics, sensors, and electrocatalysts, are highlighted. Finally, future development in biodegradable and biocompatible materials is briefly discussed.
Registration of ‘Georgia‐11J’ Peanut (2012)

‘Georgia‐11J’ (Reg. No. CV‐115, PI 664930) is a new high‐yielding, high‐oleic, large‐podded and large‐seeded, virginia‐type peanut ( Arachis hypogaea L. subsp. hypogaea var. hypogaea ) cultivar that is resistant to Tomato spotted wilt virus and was released by the Georgia Agricultural Experiment Stations in 2011. It was developed at the University of Georgia Coastal Plain Experiment Station, Tifton, GA. Georgia‐11J originated from a cross made between ‘Georgia‐05E’ and ‘Georgia‐03L’. Pedigree selection was practiced within the early‐segregating generations. Performance testing began in the F 4:6 generation with the advanced pure‐line selection, GA 052533, the experimental designation of Georgia‐11J. During four‐years (2007–10) averaged over 20 multilocation tests in Georgia, Georgia‐11J had significantly higher percentage of jumbo pod size and higher percentage of extra‐large kernels compared with the check cultivar Georgia‐08V. Georgia‐11J was also shown to have a significantly greater seed weight than Georgia‐08V, which was previously found to have the largest seed size of several other virginia‐type cultivars.