gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Online NMR detection of amino acids and peptides in microbore LC (1995)

The combination of liquid chromatography (LC) and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) offers the potential of unparalleled chemical information from analytes separated from complex mixtures. However, the application of LC-NMR has been hindered by poor detection sensitivity. We develop a theoretical model for predicting signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) performance while scaling NMR detection cells for flowing experiments. The model includes the effects of separation parameters, coil geometry, and NMR acquisition parameters on SNR performance. Although the detector cell should be as large as possible to ensure adequate efficiency for a given separation, reducing the detector cell volume does not significantly degrade SNR. For example, our model predicts a 2-fold reduction in SNR for a 400-fold reduction in cell volume. The results of static NMR measurements of amino acids and peptides in a 50-nL-volume cell (approximately 1 microgram of each) demonstrate the performance of such a small-volume NMR microcell. Using this 50-nL detector cell with microbore LC, two-dimensional LC-NMR chromatograms are shown for amino acid and peptide separations.
Dynamic live loads at a rock concert (1983)

Vibration measurements have been taken in a sports arena during a 3 h rock concert to determine the effect of audience response on the dynamic behaviour of a stand area having a fundamental frequency below 5 Hz. The stand area, consisting of precast, prestressed concrete beams, was subjected to intervals of foot stamping and hand clapping at repetition frequencies between 2 and 3 Hz.Amplitudes of the resulting resonant and near-resonant behaviour are presented; dynamic live loads are calculated and together with static live loads are compared with design loads specified in the National Building Code of Canada.
The Defense Medical Surveillance System and the Department of Defense Serum Repository: Glimpses of the Future of Public Health Surveillance (2002)

The Defense Medical Surveillance System (DMSS) is the central repository of medical surveillance data for the US armed forces. The DMSS integrates data from sources worldwide in a continuously expanding relational database that documents the military and medical experiences of service members throughout their careers. The Department of Defense Serum Repository (DoDSR) is a central archive of sera drawn from service members for medical surveillance purposes. Currently, the DMSS contains data relevant to more than 7 million individuals who have served in the armed forces since 1990, and the DoDSR contains more than 27 million specimens that are linkable to data in the DMSS. Recent applications of the DMSS and DoDSR provide glimpses of the capabilities and uses of comprehensive public health surveillance systems.
Introduction: security in the vernacular and peacebuilding at the margins; rethinking violence reduction (2017)

This article introduces a Peacebuilding special issue on rethinking security, peacebuilding and violence reduction in the light of Sustainable Development Goal 16 on ‘promoting peaceful and inclusive societies for sustainable development’. The special issue presents new analysis and case studies, which aim to challenge and refresh the established policy consensus around violence reduction and security. They are distinctive in focusing upon the vernacular or local understandings of those at the receiving end of direct and structural violence; and in analysing the insurgent margins where violence and insecurity are most concentrated.
Always Up-to-date – Scalable Offline Patching of VM Images in a Compute Cloud ABSTRACT (2010)

Patching is a critical security service that keeps computer systems up to date and defends against security threats. Existing patching systems all require running systems. With the increasing adoption of virtualization and cloud computing services, there is a growing number of dormant virtual machine (VM) images. Such VM images cannot benefit from existing patching systems, and thus are often left vulnerable to emerging security threats. It is possible to bring VM images online, apply patches, and capture the VMs back to dormant images. However, such approaches suffer from unpredictability, performance challenges, and high operational costs, particularly in large-scale compute clouds where there could be thousands of dormant VM images. This paper presents a novel tool named Nüwa that enables efficient and scalable offline patching of dormant VM images. Nüwa analyzes patches and, when possible, converts them into patches that can be applied offline by rewriting the patching scripts. Nüwa also leverages the VM image manipulation technologies offered by the Mirage image library to provide an efficient and scalable way to patch VM images in batch. Nüwa has been evaluated on freshly built images and on real-world images from the IBM Research Compute Cloud (RC2), a compute cloud used by IBM researchers worldwide. When applying security patches to a fresh installation of Ubuntu-8.04, Nüwa successfully applies 402 of 406 patches. It speeds up the patching process by more than 4 times compared to the online approach and by another 2–10 times when integrated with Mirage. Nüwa also successfully applies the 10 latest security updates to all VM images in RC2. 1.
Managing Product Recalls in Healthcare Supply Chain (2018)

Product recalls in the healthcare industry contribute to significant supply chain disruptions. In the absence of a reliable product tracking communicating recall information and to recover or safe disposal of the product is extremely challenging. Healthcare product recalls are more generally classified based on severity of risk to patient life and such a classification often does not help supply chain community to assess the impact of recalls and develop alternative sourcing strategies. Hence there is critical need to assess and review healthcare product recalls with an emphasis on supply chain and logistics. In this paper we review the extant literature to identify and categorize factors that often lead to product recalls, and propose a potential approach to enable effective product tracking and recall communication using blockchain technology. The resulting information can aid research and practice community to develop suitable frameworks, models and strategies to mitigate product recalls.
Gemcitabine, a broad-spectrum antiviral drug, suppresses enterovirus infections through innate immunity induced by the inhibition of pyrimidine biosynthesis and nucleotide depletion (2017)

Gemcitabine, an anti-cancer chemotherapy drug, has additionally shown the antiviral activity against a broad range of viruses and we also have previously reported its synergistic antiviral activity with ribavirin against enteroviruses. As a cytidine analog, gemcitabine has been reported to have an inhibitory activity on the pyrimidine biosynthesis. In addition, a few inhibitors of the pyrimidine biosynthesis have shown to induce the innate immunity in a yet-to-be-determined manner and inhibit the virus infection. Thus, we also investigated whether the anti-enteroviral activity of gemcitabine is mediated by innate immunity, induction of which is related with the inhibition of the pyrimidine synthesis. In this study, we found that the addition of exogenous cytidine, uridine and uridine mono-phosphate (UMP) effectively reversed the antiviral activity of gemcitabine in enterovirus-infected as well as enteroviral replicon-harboring cells, demonstrating gemcitabine's targeting of the salvage pathway. Moreover, the expression of several interferon (IFN)-stimulated genes (ISGs) was significantly induced by the treatment of gemcitabine, which was also suppressed by the co-treatment with cytidine. These results suggest that the antiviral activity of gemcitabine involves ISGs induced by the inhibition of the pyrimidine biosynthesis.
Spatially distinct and metabolically active membrane domain in mycobacteria (2016)

Protected from host immune attack and antibiotic penetration by their unique cell envelope, mycobacterial pathogens cause devastating human diseases such as tuberculosis. Seamless coordination of cell growth with cell envelope elongation at the pole maintains this barrier. Unraveling this spatiotemporal regulation is a potential strategy for controlling mycobacterial infections. Our biochemical analysis previously revealed two functionally distinct membrane fractions in Mycobacterium smegmatis cell lysates: plasma membrane tightly associated with the cell wall (PM-CW) and a distinct fraction of pure membrane free of cell wall components (PMf). To provide further insight into the functions of these membrane fractions, we took the approach of comparative proteomics and identified more than 300 proteins specifically associated with the PMf, including essential enzymes involved in cell envelope synthesis such as a mannosyltransferase, Ppm1, and a galactosyltransferase, GlfT2. Furthermore, comparative lipidomics revealed the distinct lipid composition of the PMf, with specific association of key cell envelope biosynthetic precursors. Live-imaging fluorescence microscopy visualized the PMf as patches of membrane spatially distinct from the PM-CW and notably enriched in the pole of the growing cells. Taken together, our study provides the basis for assigning the PMf as a spatiotemporally distinct and metabolically active membrane domain involved in cell envelope biogenesis.
New buyers' arrival under dynamic pricing market microstructure: the case of group-buying discounts on the Internet (2005)

The current research studies the dynamics of one instance of dynamic pricing-group-buying discounts-used by MobShop.com, whose products' selling prices drop as more buyers place their orders. We use an econometric model to analyze changes in the number of orders for Mobshop-listed products over various periods of time. We find that the number of existing orders has a significant positive effect on new orders placed during each 3-hour period, indicating the presence of a positive participation externality effect. We also find evidence for expectations of falling prices, a price drop effect. Results also reveal a significant ending effect, as more orders were placed during the last 3-hour period of the auction cycles.
Efficient Model-based Fuzz Testing Using Higher-order Attribute Grammars (2013)

Format specifications of data input are critical to model-based fuzz testing. Present methods cannot describe the format accurately, which leads to high redundancy in testing practices. In order to improve testing efficiency, we propose a grammar-driven approach to fuzz testing. Firstly, we build a formal model of data format using higher-order attribute grammars, and construct syntax tree on the basis of data samples. Secondly, all nodes in the syntax tree are traversed and mutated to generate test cases according to the attribute rules. Experimental results show that the proposed approach can reduce invalid and redundant test cases, and discover potential vulnerabilities of software implementations effectively.
Genetically Linked Scientists (2000)

The comprehensive report in this issue by Ranger et al. ([1][1]) is a landmark contribution for several reasons: first, it identifies an important regulatory agent that functions in several diverse mesenchymal pathways; second, it shows that transcription factors that affect differentiation pathways
Automate Traditional Interviewing Process Using Natural Language Processing and Machine Learning (2021)

Nowadays, almost everything is equipped with technology. People can save time by using modern day technological applications in the most convenient way. Smart Interviewing System is one such software/tool which automates the traditional interviewing process using modern Natural Language Processing techniques and deep learning applications. The system will be mainly beneficial for interviewers and HR management employees working for different organizations who conduct technology related interviews. The system works with human voice and writing patterns. The system converts human language into system understandable text-based inputs, and these are used as inputs in the automated interviewing process. The system then checks the accuracy of the answers which candidates provided on the both oral interviews/ technical interviews and written tests. Later, the system automatically predicts scores for each answer using concepts of the deep learning. Interviewers can reduce the effort that they have to put in for selecting the most suitable candidates who are qualified enough to work with their organization. SIS is developed based on modern DL and NLP concepts using Python programming language alongside with ReactJS Framework. This system checking and evaluating candidate more accurately in every stage of the interview using advance evaluation parameters than human oriented evaluations. Above process lead system to find more human errors which critically can be affected to future of the organizations. Because of that, it can be led organizations to find best human resources comparing to the traditional interviewing process by sacrificing less time and effort.
Autolytic processing of a phosphorothioate diester bond (1988)

A small satellite RNA of tobacco ringspot virus replicates in tissues infected with tobacco ringspot virus and accumulates in virus capsids, forming virus-like particles. Previous research showed that multimeric forms of this satellite RNA have tandem repeats of the "monomeric" satellite RNA sequence of 359 or 360 nucleotide residues. The multimeric RNAs undergo autolytic processing at a specific CpA phosphodiester bond, the junction, to generate the monomeric RNA. We substituted phosphorothioate diester bonds for various sets of phosphodiester bonds, in dimeric and truncated forms of the satellite RNA. The degree of reduction in autolytic cleavage varied both with the sites of substitution and the size of the RNA molecules. Analyses of a product of the autolysis reaction suggest that one phosphorothioate diester bond most strongly interferes with processing, the one introduced at the CpA junction during its synthesis from adenosine-5'-0-(1-thiotriphosphate). However, extensive introduction of phosphorothioate diester bonds elsewhere in the molecule also decreased processing, possibly by altering conformation.
A system for implanting laboratory mice with light-activated microtransponders. (2010)

The mouse is the most commonly used laboratory animal, accounting for up to 80% of all mammals used in research studies. Because rodents generally are group-housed, an efficient system of uniquely identifying individual animals for use in research studies, breeding, and proper colony management is required. Several temporary and permanent methods (for example, ear punching and toe clipping) are available for labeling research mice and other small animals, each with advantages and disadvantages. This report describes a new radiofrequency identification tagging method that uses 500-μm, light-activated microtransponders implanted subcutaneously into the ear or tail of mice. The preferred location for implanting is in the side of the tail, because implantation at this site was simple to perform and was associated with shorter implantation times (average, 53 versus 325 s) and a higher success rate (98% versus 50%) compared with the ear. The main benefits of using light-activated microtransponders over other identification methods, including other radiofrequency identification tags, is their small size, which minimizes stress to the animals during implantation and low cost due to their one-piece (monolithic) design. In addition, the implantation procedure uses a custom-designed 21-gauge needle injector and does not require anesthetization of the mice. We conclude that this method allows improved identification and management of laboratory mice.
Effects of side chains in helix nucleation differ from helix propagation (2014)

Helix-coil transition theory connects observable properties of the α-helix to an ensemble of microstates and provides a foundation for analyzing secondary structure formation in proteins. Classical models account for cooperative helix formation in terms of an energetically demanding nucleation event (described by the σ constant) followed by a more facile propagation reaction, with corresponding s constants that are sequence dependent. Extensive studies of folding and unfolding in model peptides have led to the determination of the propagation constants for amino acids. However, the role of individual side chains in helix nucleation has not been separately accessible, so the σ constant is treated as independent of sequence. We describe here a synthetic model that allows the assessment of the role of individual amino acids in helix nucleation. Studies with this model lead to the surprising conclusion that widely accepted scales of helical propensity are not predictive of helix nucleation. Residues known to be helix stabilizers or breakers in propagation have only a tenuous relationship to residues that favor or disfavor helix nucleation.
Effects of simulated solar disinfection of water on infectivity of Salmonella typhimurium (2000)

To determine whether cells of Salmonella typhimurium rendered nonculturable by simulated solar disinfection retain infectivity for mice. Bacteria suspended in water were exposed to UVA irradiation for up to 8 h. Culturability, determined by colony forming unit and Most Probable Number counts, fell by six log10 units, while cellular activity determined by the Kogure cell elongation test was retained by approximately 5% of the cells present after 8 h. Intraperitoneal doses of nonculturable cells and active but nonculturable (ABNC) cells exceeding the LD50 of the test organism and BALB/c mouse host, respectively, by 4 and 3 orders of magnitude failed to produce detectable infections. Culturable cells that had been irradiated for 1.5 h were less infective (virulent) than their nonirradiated counterparts. Nonculturable and ABNC cells of Salm. typhimurium produced by UVA irradiation do not retain infectivity for mice. Although ABNC cells could be produced by low cost solar disinfection systems, they do not appear to pose a potential infection hazard.
Verifiable auctions for online ad exchanges (2013)

This paper treats a critical component of the Web ecosystem that has so far received little attention in our community: ad exchanges. Ad exchanges run auctions to sell publishers' inventory-space on Web pages-to advertisers who want to display ads in those spaces. Unfortunately, under the status quo, the parties to an auction cannot check that the auction was carried out correctly, which raises the following more general question: how can we create verifiability in low-latency, high-frequency auctions where the parties do not know each other? We address this question with the design, prototype implementation, and experimental evaluation of VEX. VEX introduces a technique for efficient, privacy-preserving integer comparisons; couples these with careful protocol design; and adds little latency and tolerable overhead.
Raman Spectroscopy Differentiates Each Tissue from the Skin to the Spinal Cord (2016)

This study demonstrates that RS can distinguish the tissues encountered during epidural needle insertion. This technology may prove useful during needle placement by providing evidence of its anatomical localization.
Synthetic oligosaccharides can replace animal-sourced low–molecular weight heparins (2017)

Low-molecular weight heparin (LMWH) is used clinically to treat clotting disorders. As an animal-sourced product, LMWH is a highly heterogeneous mixture, and its anticoagulant activity is not fully reversible by protamine. Furthermore, the reliability of the LMWH supply chain is a concern for regulatory agencies. We demonstrate the synthesis of heparin dodecasaccharides (12-mers) at the gram scale. In vitro experiments demonstrate that the anticoagulant activity of the 12-mers could be reversed using protamine. One of these, labeled as 12-mer-1, reduced the size of blood clots in the mouse model of deep vein thrombosis and attenuated circulating procoagulant markers in the mouse model of sickle cell disease. An ex vivo experiment demonstrates that the anticoagulant activity of 12-mer-1 could be reversed by protamine. 12-mer-1 was also examined in a nonhuman primate model to determine its pharmacodynamic parameters. A 7-day toxicity study in a rat model showed no toxic effects. The data suggest that a synthetic homogeneous oligosaccharide can replace animal-sourced LMWHs.
Matrix metalloproteinase inhibitor development for the treatment of heart failure (2002)

Abstract Matrix metalloprotease inhibitor (MMPi) drug discovery initially focused on the therapeutic use of these compounds as antineoplastic and antiarthritis agents to reduce metastases and joint matrix degradation, respectively. However, increased MMP expression has been shown to occur after myocardial ischemia (MI) and during progressive heart failure (HF). Inhibition of MMP activity has been shown to limit left ventricular aneurysm, slow atherosclerotic plaque progression, and reduce left ventricular dilation after MI in mice as well as preserving left ventricular geometry and function in several animal HF models. A growing literature indicates that MMPi treatment may represent a novel therapeutic strategy in the treatment for a variety of cardiovascular diseases, especially prevention of heart failure. The objective of this article is to define the role of MMPs in HF, identify which MMPs are upregulated, and outline potential limitations of MMPi therapy in this disease. Drug Dev. Res. 55:29–44, 2002. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
A novel preparative method for the isolation of avidin and riboflavin-binding glycoprotein from chicken egg-white by the use of high-performance liquid chromatography (1990)

A method for the rapid preparative isolation of highly purified avidin using h.p.l.c. on a powerful cation-exchanger TSK SP-5PW column has been developed. The method is based on the following properties of avidin: solubility at a high (NH4)2SO4 concentration, stability and relatively low solubility in organic solvents, as well as the strongly cationic nature of the molecule. Riboflavin-binding glycoprotein may be isolated as by-product.
Radical Hydrostannylation, Pd(0)-Catalyzed Hydrostannylation, Stannylcupration of Propargyl Alcohols and Enynols:  Regio- and Stereoselectivities (1997)

Different enynols and propargyl derivatives were sumitted to radical hydrostannylation (Bu3SnH/AIBN), Pd(0)-catalyzed hydrostannylation [Bu3SnH/Pd(0)], and stannylcupration [Bu3Sn(R)CuCNLi2] conditions. Except for the radical stannylation reaction, high regio- and stereoselective formation of vinyl- and dienylstannanes are obtained. Results are tentatively explained in terms of steric Interactions between the alkyne or enyne substituents and the palladium or cuprate moieties in the different reaction intermediates.
Analysis and generation of voice template based on shift invariance of Bark spectral envelope (2002)

The envelopes of the Walsh power spectra of a given vowel uttered by different speakers have been found to be almost shift invariant on the Bark frequency axis. Using this shift invariant property, the authors have developed a method to generate a speaker-independent voice template for speech recognition. Experimental results are presented.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>