gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Improvement of Light Output Power in InGaN/GaN Light-Emitting Diodes with a Nanotextured GaN Surface Using Indium Tin Oxide Nanospheres (2009)

An etching process and indium tin oxide (ITO) nanospheres were used to fabricate nanotexturing on a GaN surface in InGaN/GaN multiple-quantum-well light-emitting diodes (LEDs) to improve the light output power. ITO nanospheres can be easily obtained by a simple wet etching process owing to the relatively weak binding energy at the grain boundary and at the interface between the ITO layer and the GaN surface. Inductively coupled plasma (ICP) treatment is carried out with the help of ITO nanospheres, used as a patterning mask, to nanotexture the GaN surface. A simple process is proposed for GaN-texturing on all possible sides, including the sidewall. The light extraction efficiency of InGaN/GaN LEDs is significantly improved owing to the possibility of a high level of light scattering at the textured surface. Thus, the light output power of the nanotextured LEDs was increased by 33% compared with that of conventional LEDs at an injection current of 20 mA.
The characterization and energetic potential of brown adipose tissue in man (1985)

In adult man, brown fat can be detected in perinephric fat depots by visual inspection, electron microscopy and nucleotide binding to the tissue-specific uncoupling protein. The 32 kDa uncoupling protein is functionally active, showing a nucleotide-sensitive conductance to protons and an uncoupling response to fatty acids. The amount of uncoupling protein in human mitochondria is equivalent to that in a partially cold-adapted guinea pig, indicating some potential for thermogenesis. Respiratory capacity measurements indicate that the total perinephric fat in adult man can only account for one-fivehundredth of the whole-body response to infused noradrenaline. Thus, although brown fat has been found to be quantitatively important in animal studies, considerable caution must be exercised in extrapolating its significance to adult man.
PAPILLARY CARCINOMA IN A THYROGLOSSAL DUCT CYST: CASE REPORT (2023)

A remnant of Thyroglossal duct, usually a cyst, is the most common congenital abnormality of the thyroid gland development. Malignant neoplasm in Thyroglossal duct cyst (TGDC) is a very rare tumor (<1% of all thyroid malignancies). We present a case of 34 year old female patient with papillary carcinoma of TGDC who was managed with Sistrunk procedure.
SULTAN MIZAN ZAINAL ABIDIN STADIUM ROOF COLLAPSE, KUALA TERENGGANU, MALAYSIA (LACK OF SAFETY ISSUES) (2023)

This study provides a national profile of major work safety accidents in Malaysia, There have been many major incidents over the years, causing the loss of hundreds of lives. We intended to provide scientific basis for prevention measures and strategies to reduce major work safety accidents and deaths.1, 2  Methods: This is one of the shocking accident in Malaysia beside the “the highland tower collapse”. It remembered us that the project costing millions of dollar does not guarantee safety to the public as long we do not adopt the entire security before starting construction, Data from 2008-2015 Census of major work safety accidents were collected International Business Times. We analyzed the frequency of accidents and deaths, caused by insufficient safety measures. Additionally, we discussed the causes and prevention by types of accidents.2 Results: Throughout this case study the cause of the roof collapse was a failure on all levels of the project from the owner to the designer and to the contractor? The answer to this question lies in the structural design, construction and Safety measures of the building.3  Conclusion: Fifteen years’ major work safety accident data indicate that the frequency of accidents and number of deaths was declined and several safety concerns persist in some segments.3, 4
Fast Parameter Inference in a Biomechanical Model of the Left Ventricle by Using Statistical Emulation (2019)

A central problem in biomechanical studies of personalized human left ventricular modelling is estimating the material properties and biophysical parameters from <i>in vivo</i> clinical measurements in a timeframe that is suitable for use within a clinic. Understanding these properties can provide insight into heart function or dysfunction and help to inform personalized medicine. However, finding a solution to the differential equations which mathematically describe the kinematics and dynamics of the myocardium through numerical integration can be computationally expensive. To circumvent this issue, we use the concept of emulation to infer the myocardial properties of a healthy volunteer in a viable clinical timeframe by using <i>in vivo</i> magnetic resonance image data. Emulation methods avoid computationally expensive simulations from the left ventricular model by replacing the biomechanical model, which is defined in terms of explicit partial differential equations, with a surrogate model inferred from simulations generated before the arrival of a patient, vastly improving computational efficiency at the clinic. We compare and contrast two emulation strategies: emulation of the computational model outputs and emulation of the loss between the observed patient data and the computational model outputs. These strategies are tested with two interpolation methods, as well as two loss functions. The best combination of methods is found by comparing the accuracy of parameter inference on simulated data for each combination. This combination, using the output emulation method, with local Gaussian process interpolation and the Euclidean loss function, provides accurate parameter inference in both simulated and clinical data, with a reduction in the computational cost of about three orders of magnitude compared with numerical integration of the differential equations by using finite element discretization techniques.
Enantioselective Synthesis of (+)‐Mitomycin K by a Palladium‐Catalyzed Oxidative Tandem Cyclization (2017)

Abstract The mitomycins, a family of bioactive natural products, feature a compact 6/5/5‐fused polycyclic ring structure densely decorated with highly reactive and/or fragile quinone, amino ketal, and aziridine as well as carbamate moieties. It is this striking feature that has defeated numerous synthetic attempts towards these apparently small molecules, rendering them one of the most formidable targets for total synthesis. We herein report the first enantioselective synthesis of (+)‐mitomycin K, a representative of G series mitomycins. The key step of this synthesis is an enantioselective oxidative cyclization catalyzed by a palladium/(+)‐sparteine system that had previously been developed by our group. The robustness of this method bodes well for further applications in the asymmetric total synthesis of natural products, particularly those with characteristic 6/5/5‐fused pyrroloindole skeletons.
Proteomic profiling of birch (<i>Betula verrucosa</i>) pollen extracts from different origins (2011)

Pollen of the European white birch is a major source of spring pollinosis in Europe. Pollen-allergy diagnosis and treatment by specific immunotherapy commonly rely on extracts of natural origin. To gain insight into the protein content and its variability, we evaluated the profile of allergenic and non-allergenic proteins in extracts of pollen from different origins by MS-based proteomics. Aqueous extracts prepared from commercially available Swedish birch pollen, pollen collected from Austrian trees and a commercial skin prick extract were analyzed by 1-DE, 2-DE, immunoblotting and mass spectrometry, resulting in a complete inventory of extractable, disease-relevant pollen proteins. A main focus of this study was on the isoform distribution of Bet v 1, the major allergen of birch pollen. Using a combination of intact mass determination and peptide sequencing, five isoforms (a, b, d, f and j) were unequivocally identified in Swedish and Austrian birch pollen extracts, while the skin prick extract contained only isoforms a, b and d. Using the same methods as for Bet v 1, divergencies in the sequence of birch profilin (Bet v 2), a plant panallergen, were solved. The molecular characterization of pollen extracts is relevant for standardization and development of new reagents for specific immunotherapy.
8  Studies on laser ablation of polymers (2005)

This report reviews papers, which were published since the beginning of 2004, and focuses on works related to “pure” laser ablation of polymers rather than closely related topics such as ablation of biological tissues, laser cleaning of painted artworks, polymer films pulsed laser deposition, matrix assisted laser desorption ionization, and ablation of molecular solids and liquids, although some overlapping with the above subjects, which constitute now separate fields, is inevitable. Papers devoted to both application of laser ablation of polymers and study of fundamentals of the process are considered. In concluding remarks, the state of the art in modeling of laser ablation of polymers is discussed.
Analysis of Real-time Head Accelerations in Collegiate Football Players (2005)

The primary finding of this study is that the helmet-mounted accelerometer system proved effective at collecting thousands of head impact events and providing contemporaneous head impact parameters that can be integrated with existing clinical evaluation techniques.
Association of C49620T ABCC8 polymorphism with anthropometric and metabolic parameters in patients with autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease: a preliminary study. (2012)

The C49620T ABCC8 polymorphism is associated with anthropometric risk factors for type 2 diabetes among ADPKD patients, with a protective effect of the TT genotype, but without influence on pancreatic β-cell secretory function or insulin sensitivity.
Dynamic applications from the ground up (2005)

Some Lisp programs such as Emacs, but also the Linux kernel (when fully modularised) are mostly dynamic; i.e., apart from a small static core, the significant functionality is dynamically loaded. In this paper, we explore fully dynamic applications in Haskell where the static core is minimal and code is hot swappable. We demonstrate the feasibility of this architecture by two applications: Yi, an extensible editor, and Lambdabot, a plugin-based IRC robot. Benefits of the approach include hot swappable code and sophisticated application configuration and extension via embedded DSLs. We illustrate both benefits in detail at the example of a novel embedded DSL for editor interfaces.
Two-Pass Rate Control for Improved Quality of Experience in UHDTV Delivery (2016)

Rate control plays an important role in any video coding application and it was extensively studied in the context of previous video coding standards. However, the current state-of the-art high efficiency video coding (HEVC) standard introduces many flexible tools making previous rate-distortion models used in rate control insufficiently accurate. Recently, a few rate control methods have been developed for HEVC that introduce many useful features, such as a robust correspondence between the rate and Lagrange multiplier λ. Nonetheless, previous rate control algorithms for HEVC do not address typical content in television applications that consists of frequent scene changes. Furthermore, the new ultra high definition television (UHDTV) format, which is expected to become widespread in the future, demands for even higher compression efficiency. To overcome these issues, a two-pass rate control method is proposed in this paper, targeting the encoding of UHDTV content. In the first pass, a fast encoder with limited set of coding tools is used during pre-encoding step to obtain the data used for rate allocation and model parameter initialization, which will then be used during the second pass. To avoid multiple encoding steps when deriving this information, a variable quantization parameter framework is proposed. Experimental results show that the proposed rate control method outperforms the well-known HEVC rate control method. When compared with variable bit-rate encoding mode, the proposed two-pass rate control method achieves on average 2.9% BD-rate losses. That is significantly better than the state-of-the-art HEVC rate control method, which achieves an average 8.8% BD-rate loss. The proposed method also provides a more consistent quality fluctuation with time, measured with standard deviation of frame PSNR values, required for high Quality of Experience.
Enhancement by neutrophils of collagen degradation by corneal fibroblasts (2003)

Activated corneal fibroblasts and infiltrated leukocytes are thought to contribute to corneal ulceration. The potential roles of neutrophil-fibroblast and cell-matrix interactions in the degradation of stromal collagen associated with corneal ulceration have now been investigated with the use of three-dimensional cultures of rabbit cells in collagen gels. Degradation of collagen fibrils during culture was measured by spectrophotometric determination of released hydroxyproline. Whereas corneal fibroblasts alone degraded collagen fibrils to a small extent, neutrophils did not. However, the addition of neutrophils or neutrophil-conditioned medium (CM) to cultures of corneal fibroblasts resulted in a marked increase in the amount of collagen degraded by the fibroblasts. The effect of CM from neutrophils cultured in collagen gels on collagen degradation by corneal fibroblasts was greater than that of medium conditioned by neutrophils in monolayer culture. Immunoblot as well as reverse transcription and real-time polymerase chain reaction analyses revealed that neutrophil-CM stimulated the synthesis of matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-1 and MMP-3 by corneal fibroblasts. The stimulatory effect of neutrophils on collagen degradation by corneal fibroblasts was inhibited by the synthetic MMP inhibitor ilomastat and by interleukin-1 (IL-1) receptor antagonist. These results suggest that factors secreted by collagen-stimulated neutrophils augment collagen degradation by corneal fibroblasts through a stimulatory effect on MMP synthesis and that IL-1 released by neutrophils may contribute to this effect.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of 4‐(N,N‐Dimethylaminomethylene)‐2‐alkyl‐2‐oxazolin‐5‐ones via Vilsmeier Haack Reagent and Their Reactions with Various N‐ and O‐Nucleophiles. (2001)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
SOLAR DOSIMETRY WITH REPAIR DEFICIENT BACTERIAL SPORES: ACTION SPECTRA, PHOTOPRODUCT MEASUREMENTS AND A COMPARISON WITH OTHER BIOLOGICAL SYSTEMS (1978)

Abstract— Populations of radiation sensitive spores ( Bacillus subtilis UVSSP), vegetative bacteria ( E. coli K12‐AB2480) and bacteriophage ( E. coli phage T4vx) have been considered as possible biological dosimeters to integrate DNA‐absorbed solar energy incident on the Earth's surface. Irradiation of spores of B. subtilis UVSSP with monochromatic far‐ and near‐UV radiation and solar radiation have indicated that these radiations have a similar efficiency in inducing spore photoproducts per lethal event. Action spectra for lethality taken with the three radiation sensitive biological systems show a similar pattern in each case with a broad shoulder in the 334–365 nm wavelength region. This finding indicates a relatively high susceptibility of the DNA to chemical alteration in this wavelength range. Although less sensitive to sunlight than the other biological systems tested, the B. subtilis UVSSP spore mutant has the advantage of temperature independence of inactivation, stability between irradiation and assay and a simple, reproducible irradiation and assay procedure. Field measurements have supported the utility of this mutant as a sunlight dosimeter.
Structural stability of Ni-containing half-Heusler compounds (2000)

Half-Heusler compounds containing Ni of the form NiMP, where M is a trivalent (Sc) or tetravelent (Ti, Zr, Hf) ion and P is a pnictide or stannide ion (Sb, Sn), are known to form semiconducting phases for $M=\mathrm{Sc}$ and $P=\mathrm{Sb}$ as well as when M=Ti,Zr,Hf and $P=\mathrm{Sn}.$ However, the electronic structure of these compounds depends sensitively on the relative arrangements of the atoms within the unit cell, changing from a narrow-gap semiconductor to a zero-gap semiconductor to a metal, depending on which of the three atoms lies in the octahedrally coordinated pocket of the NaCl substructure formed by the other two atoms. We have carried out extensive calculations of the total energy for these systems using an all-electron, full-potential method within density-functional theory [using both the local-density approximation and the generalized gradient approximation] to clarify some of the conflicts in earlier calculations using pseudopotential and linear muffin-tin orbital--atomic-sphere approximation methods. The minimum-energy configuration for each of these systems occurs when the Ni atom occupies the octahedrally coordinated pocket formed by the other two elements MP. By comparing the energies of the binary compounds arising from different arrangements of the atoms within the unit cell, we find that the stability of the lowest-energy configuration of the ternary system derives from the energy gained from two sources. The largest source is MP forming in the NaCl substructure rather than a diamond substructure, in agreement with the previous pseudopotential calculations of Ogut and Rabe. Also important are the Ni atoms lying in the octahedrally coordinated pockets and bonding with four M and four P nearest-neighbor atoms rather than forming a part of the NaCl substructure itself. The energies of antisite defects have been investigated by studying the supercell $(\mathrm{Ni}\mathit{MP}{)}_{4}$ formed in the simple cubic structure with individual atoms moved from their ideal positions. We find that the idealized half-Heusler structure (formed by three interpenetrating fcc lattices) has the lowest energy ${(E}_{0})$ while structures where Ni atoms move out of a fcc arrangement, but remain within the octahedrally coordinated pockets of MP, have energies of 0.5-eV/unit cell higher than ${E}_{0},$ while structures with disorder in the MP NaCl substructure have energies about 1.5-eV/unit cell higher than ${E}_{0}.$ Since the MP disorder and not the Ni disorder is seen experimentally at low temperatures, this Ni disorder may be annealed out while the MP disorder is quenched.
THE PHOTOCHEMISTRY OF RIBOFLAVIN—V. THE PHOTODEGRADATION OF ISOALLOXAZINES IN ALCOHOLIC SOLVENTS (1977)

Abstract— Riboflavin and other N ‐10 substituted isoalloxazines have been irradiated anaerobically in alcohols and alcohol‐water mixtures. Deuterium substitution was used in several different ways to determine the hydrogen kinetic isotope effect. Riboflavin and 10‐(3′‐hydroxypropyl)‐isoalloxazine were photobleached in 2‐propanol, 2‐propanol‐0‐d, 2‐propanol‐2‐d, t ‐butyl alcohol, and t ‐butyl alcohol‐0‐d. No isotope effect significantly different from 1.0 was found for any of the nondeuterated to deuterated solvent comparisons. When the anaerobic irradiation of 10‐(3′‐hydroxypropyl‐3′,3′‐d 2 )‐isoalloxazine and 10‐(3′‐hydroxypropyl)‐isoalloxazine in either 2‐propanol or t‐butyl alcohol were compared, kinetic isotope effect ratios for H to D of 2.8 were obtained. Thin layer chromatography in conjunction with color return at 445 nm during oxidation showed that lumichrome and formylmethylflavin, which are irreversible photodegradation products, were formed from the photoreaction in alcohols. The photochemistry of isoalloxazines in alcohols, while somewhat different from the aqueous photochemistry, does not involve a primary photoreduction with the solvent, and photo degradation still dominates. This was an unexpected result and it illustrates the unusual photochemical behavior of isoalloxazines. The anaerobic irradiation of riboflavin in 2‐propanol‐water mixtures showed that the efficiency of photodegradation is linked to the physical properties of the solvent.
Reconfigurable Semiconductor Phased-Array Metasurfaces (2015)

Phased-array metamaterial systems are enabling new classes of refractive and diffractive optical elements through spatial-phase engineering. In this article, we develop design principles for reconfigurable optical antennas and metasurfaces. We theoretically demonstrate the tunability of infrared scattering phase and radiation patterns in low-loss, high-index dielectric resonators using free carrier refraction. We demonstrate reconfigurable endfire antennas based on interference between multiple elements. Within single resonators, we demonstrate reconfigurable broadside antenna radiation lobes arising from interfering electric and magnetic dipole resonances. Extending this concept to infinite arrays, we design ideal Huygens metasurfaces with spectrally overlapping electric and magnetic dipole resonances. By introducing free charge carriers into these metasurfaces, we demonstrate continuously tunable transmission phase between 0 and 2π with less than 3 dB loss in intensity. Such tunable metasurfaces may form the basis for reconfigurable metadevices that enable unprecedented control over the electromagnetic wavefront.
The c-Met Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitor JNJ-38877605 Causes Renal Toxicity through Species-Specific Insoluble Metabolite Formation (2015)

Combined clinical and correlative preclinical studies suggest that renal toxicity of JNJ-38877605 is caused by the formation of species-specific insoluble metabolites. These observations preclude further clinical development of JNJ-38877605.
Zero average current error controlled power flow for AC-DC power converters (1995)

Unity and controlled power factor AC-DC power converters require a current control technique with zero average current error (ZACE) in each switching period. Acting on the current error signal alone, a ZACE controlled converter offers complete real and reactive power flow control with negligible low order current harmonics, a narrow switching frequency band, and relative immunity to DC link or AC line voltage harmonics. Slope-generated hysteresis, a new ZACE current control method is introduced. Simulation and experimental results in a three phase converter are presented.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Holocene Vegetation Succession and Response to Climate Change on the South Bank of the Heilongjiang-Amur River, Mohe County, Northeast China (2015)

Pollen samples from peat sediments on the south bank of the Heilongjiang River in northern Northeast China (NE China) were analyzed to reconstruct the historical response of vegetation to climate change since 7800 cal yr BP. Vegetation was found to have experienced five successions from cold-temperate mixed coniferous and broadleaved forest to forest-steppe, steppe-woodland, steppe, and finally meadow-woodland. From 7800 to 7300 cal yr BP, the study area was warmer than present, and Betula, Larix , and Picea -dominated mixed coniferous and broadleaved forests thrived. Two cooling events at 7300 cal yr BP and 4500 cal yr BP led to a decrease in Betula and other broadleaved forests, whereas herbs of Poaceae expanded, leading to forest-steppe and then steppe-woodland environments. After 2500 cal yr BP, reduced temperatures and a decrease in evaporation rates are likely to have resulted in permafrost expansion and surface ponding, with meadow and isolated coniferous forests developing a resistance to the cold-wet environment. The Holocene warm period in NE China (7800–7300 cal yr BP) could have resulted in a strengthening of precipitation in northernmost NE China and encouraged the development of broadleaved forests.