gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Light quality management in fruit orchards: physiological and technological aspects (2012)

Light quality (sunlight spectrum) management promises to provide a new technological alternative to sustainable production in horticultural crops. However, little information exists about physiological and technological aspects on light quality management in fruit crops. Sunlight composition changes widely in orchard canopies, inducing different plant responses in fruit trees mediated by phytochrome (PHY) and cryptochrome (CRY) activity. High proportion of far-red (FR) in relation to red (R) light increases shoot elongation, while blue (B) light induces shoot dwarfing. Red and ultraviolet (UV) light increases fruit skin anthocyanin synthesis, while FR light shows a negative effect. Red and B light can also alter leaf morpho-physiological traits in fruit trees, such palisade thickness, stomatal aperture, and chlorophyll content. Besides improvement of photosynthetically active radiation (PAR) availability, the use of reflective films improves UV and R light proportion, with positive effects on PHY mediated-responses (fruit color, fruit weight, shoot growth), as reported in apple (Malus domestica Borkh.), peach (Prunus persica [L.] Batsch), and sweet cherry (Prunus avium [L.] L.). Colored nets widely alter spectral light composition with effects on plant growth, yield, and quality in apple, kiwifruit (Actinidia deliciosa [A. Chev.] C.F. Liang & A.R. Ferguson), peach, and blueberry (Vaccinium corymbosum L.) orchards. Mechanisms of colored nets seem to be associated to photosynthetic and morphogenetic process regulated by PAR availability, R/B light proportion, and CRY activity. Alteration of light quality affects significantly fruit tree plant responses and could be a useful tool for sustainable (e.g. lower use of chemicals and labor-practices) management of yield and quality in modern orchards.
Rapid Sequencing-Based Diagnosis of Thiamine Metabolism Dysfunction Syndrome (2021)

Speedy Genetic Diagnosis Infantile encephalopathy is associated with approximately 1500 genetic diseases. Without prompt treatment, permanent neurologic injury or death may occur. Here, the genome ...
The ReWalk Powered Exoskeleton to Restore Ambulatory Function to Individuals with Thoracic-Level Motor-Complete Spinal Cord Injury (2012)

ReWalk holds considerable potential as a safe ambulatory powered orthosis for motor-complete thoracic-level spinal cord injury patients. Most subjects achieved a level of walking proficiency close to that needed for limited community ambulation. A high degree of performance variability was observed across individuals. Some of this variability was explained by level of injury, but other factors have not been completely identified. Further development and application of this rehabilitation tool to other diagnoses are expected in the future.
Low temperature growth of silicon-boron layer by ultrahigh vacuum chemical vapor deposition (1994)

A polycrystalline silicon-boron (Si-B) layer with a thickness of 180 nm was grown on recrystallized amorphous silicon in an ultrahigh vacuum chemical vapor deposition (UHV/CVD) system using pure SiH4 and B2H6 (1% in H2). The growth temperature was as low as 550 °C. Auger electron spectroscopy and secondary ion mass spectroscopy showed that the boron concentration is extraordinarily high (2×1022 cm−3). From the analysis of transmission electron diffraction patterns, the phase of silicon hexaboride (SiB6) was found to be present in the as-deposited Si-B layer. After thermal annealing, most of the boron atoms in the Si-B layer were found to be immobile. The presence of SiB6 in the Si-B layer may lead to the reduction of boron diffusivity in the Si-B layer during thermal annealing.
OpenFlow based control for re-routing with differentiated flows in Data Center Networks (2012)

Data Center Networks need densely interconnected topologies to provide high bandwidth for various cloud computing services. It is required to fully utilize the bandwidth resource in such a network with varying traffic patterns. We propose a flow-based edge-to-edge rerouting scheme for the Data Center Networks which has the mix of large flows and short flows. We focus on rerouting the large flows to alternative paths in the event of congestion because small flows are short-lived and shifting them between paths will increase their latency and overhead. The proposed scheme has several important features: 1) It provides adaptive re-routing of flows to efficiently spread the load in accordance with the changing load conditions. 2) It ensures effective traffic redistribution upon link failures. We develop a prototype and demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed mechanism on OpenFlow test bed.
Fiber optic chemical sensing (2005)

Monitoring of chemical species is important to a number of industrial and energy related industries. This paper presents a comparison of two fiber optic sensing schemes which are demonstrated for the detection of acetylene and carbon monoxide. The first sensor configuration utilizes the newly developed random hole optical fiber and detects gases entering into the holes in the fiber through the interaction with the evanescent field. The second scheme utilizes a hollow micro-capillary tube based fiber optic sensor system. In both systems, the detection of the chemical species is accomplished by analysis of the infrared absorption spectra produced by the species present in the path of the optical signal. The effect of varying pressure, micro-capillary tube diameter, capillary tube length, and gas species is presented.
The released interleukin 2 receptor binds interleukin 2 efficiently. (1986)

The released interleukin 2 receptor (IL 2R) molecule was characterized in order to clarify its biochemical structure and to determine its functional capacity. Enzymatic digestions demonstrated that the released IL 2R, like the cell surface IL 2R, is a complex glycoprotein, modified by the addition of both N- and O-linked carbohydrates and sialic acid residues. It has a peptide backbone that is approximately 10 Kd smaller than that of its membrane-associated counterpart. Affinity chromatography demonstrated that released IL 2R from either an HTLV-I-positive T cell line (HUT-102) or PHA-activated normal peripheral lymphocytes binds efficiently to purified recombinant IL 2. Furthermore, the interaction between the growth factor and the released receptor does not appear to require any accessory molecules. These observations suggest a potentially significant role for the released IL 2R in the regulation of IL 2-dependent lymphocyte functions.
Adaptive Content-Based Image Retrieval with Relevance Feedback (2005)

Retrieval of images, based on similarities between feature vectors of querying image and those from database, is considered. The searching procedure was performed through the two basic steps: an objective one, based on the Euclidean distances and a subjective one based on the user's relevance feedback. Images recognized from user as the best matched to a query are labeled and used for updating the query feature vector through a RBF (radial basis function) neural network. The searching process is repeated from such subjectively refined feature vectors. In practice, several iterative steps are sufficient, as confirmed by intensive simulations.
Analysis of Functional Pathways Altered after Mild Traumatic Brain Injury (2012)

Concussive injury (or mild traumatic brain injury; mTBI) can exhibit features of focal or diffuse injury patterns. We compared and contrasted the cellular and molecular responses after mild controlled cortical impact (mCCI; a focal injury) or fluid percussion injury (FPI; a diffuse injury) in rats. The rationale for this comparative analysis was to investigate the brain's response to mild diffuse versus mild focal injury to identify common molecular changes triggered by these injury modalities and to determine the functional pathways altered after injury that may provide novel targets for therapeutic intervention. Microarrays containing probes against 21,792 unique messenger RNAs (mRNAs) were used to investigate the changes in cortical mRNA expression levels at 3 and 24 h postinjury. Of the 354 mRNAs with significantly altered expression levels after mCCI, over 89% (316 mRNAs) were also contained within the mild FPI (mFPI) data set. However, mFPI initiated a more widespread molecular response, with over 2300 mRNAs differentially expressed. Bioinformatic analysis of annotated gene ontology molecular function and biological pathway terms showed a significant overrepresentation of genes belonging to inflammation, stress, and signaling categories in both data sets. We therefore examined changes in the protein levels of a panel of 23 cytokines and chemokines in cortical extracts using a Luminex-based bead immunoassay and detected significant increases in macrophage inflammatory protein (MIP)-1α (CCL3), GRO-KC (CXCL1), interleukin (IL)-1α, IL-1β, and IL-6. Immunohistochemical localization of MIP-1α and IL-1β showed marked increases at 3 h postinjury in the cortical vasculature and microglia, respectively, that were largely resolved by 24 h postinjury. Our findings demonstrate that both focal and diffuse mTBI trigger many shared pathobiological processes (e.g., inflammatory responses) that could be targeted for mechanism-based therapeutic interventions.
A Multicenter, Randomized Trial Comparing an Active Can Implantable Defibrillator with a Passive Can System (1997)

Replacing one defibrillation electrode lead by the defibrillator can may simplify implantation of the ICD. In this multicenter study, 304 patients were randomized to receive either the biphasic active can (AC) (model 7219C system, Medtronic, Inc.) or the passive can (PC) (model 7219D system). The AC and PC systems were compared with respect to their ability to meet the implant defibrillation criterion and to defibrillate VF, and to DFTs, implant time, patient adverse events, and survival rates. A higher percentage fulfilled the implant defibrillation criterion on the first configuration with the AC (86.3% vs 75.9% for PC; P = 0.023), and the first shock success for terminating induced VF was 94% for AC compared to 89% for PC (P = 0.026). DFTs were significantly lower (10.9 vs 12.7 J; P = 0.031), and implant time was significantly shorter for the AC patients (99.2 vs 112.0 min; P = 0.002). The two groups showed no significant differences in 3-month adverse event rates, 3-month survival, and hospital stay.
Self-healing sandwich structures incorporating an interfacial layer with vascular network (2013)

A self-healing capability specifically targeted for sandwich composite laminates based on interfacial layers with built-in vascular networks is presented. The self-healing occurs at the facesheet–core interface through an additional interfacial layer to seal facesheet cracks and rebond facesheet–core regions. The efficacy of introducing the self-healing system at the facesheet–core interface is evaluated through four-point bend and edgewise compression testing of representative foam core sandwich composite specimens with impact induced damage. The self-healing interfacial layer partially restored the specific initial stiffness, doubling the residual initial stiffness as compared to the control specimen after the impact event. The restoration of the ultimate specific skin strength was less successful. The results also highlight the critical challenge in self-healing of sandwich composites, which is to rebond facesheets which have separated from the core material.
Conceptualization of Assessment as a Formative System in Teaching and Learning: A Cybernetic Model (2014)

A cybernetic model of assessment and learning is proposed. The basic proposition is that all assessment could be viewed as formative in learning, which has two implications: 1) assessment is a complex subsystem of learning, which is also a complex system by itself, as articulated in cybernetics; 2) this assessment subsystem has a formative nature in that regardless of its forms and approaches, it controls or regulates the learner’s learning by influencing his/her decision-making in learn recognition of assessment as a controlling or modeling system in learning may also help clarify the relationships between assessment and other subsystems in learning.
<title>Temperature sensor based on a single Bragg grating</title> (1998)

The use of Bragg gratings for measurement of pressure, strain and temperature has been the subject of considerable research over the last decade. Techniques for temperature/strain discrimination are summarised in Reference 1 and often involve either a specialised interrogation system or a dual grating approach
Structuring personal experiences-analyzing views from a head-mounted camera (2002)

This paper introduces a novel method for analyzing video records which contain personal activities captured by a head-mounted camera. This aims to support the user in retrieving the most important or relevant portions from the videos. For this purpose, we use the user's behaviors which appear when he/she pays attention to something. We define two types of behavior, one of which is "gaze at something in a short period" and the other is "staying and continuously seeing something". These behaviors and the focused object can be detected by estimating camera and object motion. We describe the details of the method and experiments in which the method was applied to ordinary events.
Glioma Invasion: Mechanisms and Therapeutic Challenges (2009)

A hallmark of gliomas is the ability of individual tumor cells to infiltrate the neural tissue and extend beyond the visible borders of the tumor. Current treatments fail to remove these invasive cells, which almost invariably lead to tumor dissemination and therapy failure in the long term. The composition and properties of the extracellular matrix (ECM) in the adult central nervous system are notoriously inhibitory to cell motility and axonal extension. However, glioma cells are uniquely able to remodel this microenvironment by degradation of the neural ECM and production of a novel matrix that contains neural-specific and mesenchymal components. Structural signals from the ECM and soluble factors from the surrounding non-neoplastic cells regulate the molecular and cellular mechanisms of invasion, which include matrix remodeling, cytoskeletal reorganization, and phenotype transition from highly proliferative to migratory. Specific strategies against invading glioma cells are in their infancy due to the paucity of appropriate targets and the difficulty of predicting the effects of targeting this highly plastic cell population in vivo. Identification of the key molecular mechanisms necessary for cell invasion and the major switches that regulate the inter-conversion of migratory and proliferative phenotypes will provide a wealth of novel targets to direct therapies against brain tumor progression and improve long-term patient survival.
On the aggregation properties of FMRP – a link with the FXTAS syndrome? (2011)

Fragile X mental retardation protein (FMRP) is an RNA binding protein necessary for correct spatiotemporal control of neuronal gene expression in humans. Lack of functional FMRP causes fragile X mental retardation, which is the most common inherited neurodevelopmental disorder in humans. In a previous study, we described the biochemical and biophysical aggregation properties of constructs spanning the conserved region of FMRP and of two other human fragile X related (FXR) proteins, FXR1P and FXR2P. Here, we show that the same regions have an intrinsic tendency to aggregate and spontaneously misfold towards β-rich structures, also under non-destabilizing conditions. These findings pave the way to future studies of the mechanism of formation of FXR-containing ribonucleoprotein granules and suggest a possible link with the as yet poorly understood FXR proteins' associated pathologies.
Selective Electrocatalytic Reduction of Carbon Dioxide to Methanol on Ru-modified Electrode (1989)

Abstract CO2 was electrochemically reduced to CH3OH in aqueous Na2SO4 solution on a Ru-modified glassy carbon electrode. Ru was fixed on poly(hydroquinone/p-benzoquinone) prepared by electropolymerization of mercaptohydroquinone. The reduction of CO2 proceeded with markedly low overvoltage, starting at −0.5 V vs. SCE at room temperature. The current efficiency for CH3OH formation attained ca. 100% at −0.7 V vs. SCE with a current density of ca. 0.2 mA/cm2.
Joint Image Filtering with Deep Convolutional Networks (2019)

Joint image filters leverage the guidance image as a prior and transfer the structural details from the guidance image to the target image for suppressing noise or enhancing spatial resolution. Existing methods either rely on various explicit filter constructions or hand-designed objective functions, thereby making it difficult to understand, improve, and accelerate these filters in a coherent framework. In this paper, we propose a learning-based approach for constructing joint filters based on Convolutional Neural Networks. In contrast to existing methods that consider only the guidance image, the proposed algorithm can selectively transfer salient structures that are consistent with both guidance and target images. We show that the model trained on a certain type of data, e.g., RGB and depth images, generalizes well to other modalities, e.g., flash/non-Flash and RGB/NIR images. We validate the effectiveness of the proposed joint filter through extensive experimental evaluations with state-of-the-art methods.
Preferential recognition of I·T base-pairs in the initiation of excision-repair by hypoxanthine-DNA glycosylase (1991)

Double-stranded synthetic oligonucleotides with a centrally located dIMP residue in a 5'-32P-labeled strand were employed as substrates for hypoxanthine-DNA glycosylase. The enzyme activity was monitored by the generation of a piperidine-sensitive site in the labeled oligonucleotide. The enzyme was purified approximately 5000-fold from calf thymus. The purified enzyme removed efficiently a hypoxanthine base residue from an I.T base pair, but 15-20 times more slowly from an I.C base pair. Similar results were obtained with oligonucleotides in which the deoxyinosine residue was placed in different surrounding nucleotide sequences. The enzyme had no detectable activity on mismatched G.T, A.G or A.C base pairs. The data indicate that hypoxanthine-DNA glycosylase participates in the repair of deaminated adenine residues in DNA.
Acute Hyperglycemia State Is Associated With Lower tPA-Induced Recanalization Rates in Stroke Patients (2005)

In tPA-treated patients, the acute but not chronic HG state may hamper the fibrinolytic process, delaying reperfusion of the ischemic penumbra. Early measures to reduce HG may favor early recanalization.
Theory of conduction in ZnO varistors (1979)

A theory is presented which quantitatively accounts for the important features of conduction in ZnO-based metal-oxide varistors. This theory has no adjustable parameters. Using the known values of the ZnO band gap, donor concentration n0, and low-voltage varistor leakage-current activation energy, we predict a varistor breakdown voltage of ?3.2 V/grain boundary for n0=1017 carriers cm−3 and T=300 °K. This compares well with measurements on a single grain-grain junction. The highly nonlinear varistor conduction derives from electron tunneling ’’triggered’’ by hole creation in the ZnO when the conduction band in the grain interior drops below the top of the valence band at the grain interface. The theory predicts coefficients of nonlinearity α=d (lnI)/d (lnV) as high as 50, or even 100.
Generalized Quantile Processes (1992)

For random vectors taking values in $\mathbb{R}^d$ we introduce a notion of multivariate quantiles defined in terms of a class of sets and study an associated process which we call the generalized quantile process. This process specializes to the well known univariate quantile process. We obtain functional central limit theorems for our generalized quantile process and show that both Gaussian and non-Gaussian limiting processes can arise. A number of interesting example are included.
Optimizing treatment with biologics. (2007)

Disability and joint damage in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) occur rapidly and early in the course of the disease. Disease activity is predominantly responsible for the disability in the early stages of RA. Nonreversible joint damage increases disability later in the course of RA. In recent years, several strategies that employed combination therapies with conventional disease modifying antirheumatic drugs (DMARD) were studied with the aim of rapidly bringing the disease under control. The ultimate goal was to alleviate symptoms and slow or halt the progression of joint damage. The introduction of highly efficient biologic agents allows introduction of a number of new strategies, including early administration of a biologic agent alone or in combination with high-dose methotrexate. Other options for the use of biologic therapies include the use of biologic agents for moderate disease, and early use of a biologic agent for induction of remission and subsequent treatment with a conventional DMARD. A strategy for tight control of disease with targeted outcomes for decision-making may offer further improvement in disease control irrespective of the treatment approach. The remarkably improved outcomes that can be achieved by initiating aggressive therapy early, with close monitoring of disease progression and modification of ineffective therapeutic strategies, support the use of biologics in the optimal management of RA.
GEOMETRICAL ASPECTS OF AIRBORNE LASER SCANNING AND TERRESTRIAL LASER SCANNING (2007)

This paper reviews the current state of laser scanning from airborne and terrestrial platforms for geometric reconstruction of object shape and size. The current performance figures of sensor systems are presented in an overview. Next, their calibration and the orientation of the acquired point clouds is discussed. For airborne deployment this is usually one step, whereas in the terrestrial case laboratory calibration and registration of point clouds are (still) two distinct, independent steps. As laser scanning is an active measurement technology, the interaction of the emitted energy with the object surface has influences on the range measurement. This has to be considered in order to explain geometric phenomena in the data. While the problems, e.g. multiple scattering, are understood well, there is currently a lack of remedies. Then, in analogy to the processing chain, segmentation approaches for laser scanning data are reviewed. Segmentation is a task relevant for almost all applications. Likewise, DTM (digital terrain model) reconstruction is relevant for many applications of airborne laser scanning, and is therefore discussed, too. This paper reviews the main processing steps necessary for many applications of laser scanning.
Direct-detection Doppler lidar for two-dimensional wind field measurements of the troposphere (2003)

We have developed a direct-detection scanning Doppler lidar system for wind field measurements in the troposphere. The lidar employs an injection seeded tripled Nd:YAG laser at eye-safe ultraviolet 355nm wavelength, a 25cm aperture telescope and a laser beam scanner. Two high-spectral resolution etalons are used to detect Doppler shift of the aerosol Mie backscattering and the molecular Rayleigh backscattering. Wind measurement accuracy of O.33m/s was obtained at 3km range with 4OmJ laser energy and 5s integration time.