gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Overview of the Vesta parallel file system (1993)

The Vesta parallel file system provides parallel access from compute nodes to files distributed across I/O nodes in a massively parallel computer. Vesta is intended to solve the I/O problems of massively parallel computers executing numerically intensive scientific applications. Vesta has three interesting characteristics: First, it provides a user defined parallel view of file data, and allows user defined partitioning and repartitioning of files without moving data among I/O nodes. The parallel file access semantics of Vesta directly support the operations required by parallel language I/O libraries. Second, Vesta is scalable to a very large number (many hundreds) of I/O and compute nodes and does not contain any sequential bottlenecks in the data-access path. Third, it provides user-directed checkpointing of files during continuing program execution with very little processing overhead.
Reinvestigation of positional distribution of fatty acids in docosahexaenoic acid‐rich fish oil triacyl‐<i>sn</i>‐glycerols (2000)

Positional distribution of fatty acids in triacyl-sn-glycerols of docosahexaenoic acid (DHA)-rich tuna orbital and bonito head oils has been reanalyzed by a method based on chromatographic separation of isomeric and enantiomeric monoacyl-sn-glycerol (MAG) derivatives. When boric acid thin-layer chromatography (TLC) was used for separation of 1(3)- and 2-MAG analytical intermediates, the stereospecific analysis showed the preferential association of DHA to the sn-2 position followed by the sn-3 position. This distribution pattern differed from that obtained by silicic acid TLC of their bis-3,5-dinitrophenylurethane (DNPU) derivatives. Reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography elution profiles of 1(3)- and 2-MAG intermediates revealed that 1(3)- and 2-MAG made up of both short- and long-chain lengths cannot be clearly resolved by TLC after preparation of the DNPU derivatives. The 1(3)- and 2-MAG must be resolved by boric acid TLC prior to derivatization.
Evaluation of a commercial, portable, ambient-temperature emissometer (1990)

The Devices&Services Company model AE emissometer was evaluated by measurements at ambient temperature on materials with emittances, ε, from 0.03 to 0.95, including plates of copper and stainless steel, aluminum foil, adhesive tape, wood, paper, and oxide coatings on a metal pipe. A repeatability of ±0.008 units was observed for measurements of ε of working standards over a one-year period. The accuracy of the emissometer was established by measurements on specimens of known ε; an uncertainty of ±0.014 units was determined. These repeatability and accuracy values were confirmed by a round-robin investigation using two working standards whose ε’s were measured by three independent laboratories using model AE emissometers and by four laboratories that used absolute methods. The instrument was shown to measure the total hemispherical ε, not the total normal ε. Experimental difficulties were encountered during measurements on a very anisotropic material and in determinations of ε’s of materials with transparencies less than 0.1. Critical procedural steps are discussed.
Production of conjugated linoleic acid isomers by dehydration and isomerization of castor bean oil (2005)

Abstract The possibility of combining dehydration and isomerization of castor bean oil as a means to obtain CLA as TAG forms was studied. First, dehydration was carried out using various catalysts and reaction parameters. Best results were obtained using phosphoric acid (0.1% w/w) at 280°C for 5 h. Under such conditions, satisfactory proportions of CLA were obtained (54% of total FA) with a majority of 9‐ cis , 11‐ trans isomer (61% of total CLA). Other catalysts such as bisulfate‐bisulfite, sulfuric acid, tungstic and phosphotungstic acids, or resins and zeolites were also tested. With the exception of resins and zeolites, these catalysts also led to CLA production but in limited amounts in comparison with phosphoric acid. In a second step, an isomerization reaction was carried out to transform the residual nonconjugated linoleic acid also produced during dehydration into CLA. Using Wilkinson catalyst [RhCl(PPh 3 ) 3 ] in ethanol solvent, dehydrated castor bean oil was isomerized in high yields (>98%), allowing a complete disappearance of nonconjugated linoleic acids. The resulting dehydrated/isomerized oil contained more than 87% CLA with the 9‐ cis , 11‐ trans isomer being predominant (40% of CLA fraction). Finally, urea fractionation was also applied on dehydrated/isomerized castor bean oil FA to obtain FFA products containing about 93% CLA.
alpha-Ketoglutarate dehydrogenase mutant of Rhizobium meliloti (1979)

A mutant of Rhizobium meliloti selected as unable to grow on L-arabinose also failed to grow on acetate or pyruvate. It grew, but slower than the parental strain, on many other carbon sources. Assay showed it to lack alpha-ketoglutarate dehydrogenase (kgd) activity, and revertants of normal growth phenotype contained the activity again. Other enzymes of the tricarboxylic acid cycle and of the glyoxylate cycle were present in both mutant and parent strains. Enzymes of pyruvate metabolism were also assayed. L-Arabinose degradation in R. meliloti was found to differ from the known pathway in R. japonicum, since the former strain lacked 2-keto-o-deoxy-L-arabonate aldolase but contained alpha-ketoglutarate semialdehyde dehydrogenase; thus, it is likely that R. meliloti has the L-arabinose pathway leading to alpha-ketoglutarate rather than the one to glycolaldehyde and pyruvate. This finding accounts for the L-arabinose negativity of the mutant. Resting cells of the mutant were able to metabolize the three substrates which did not allow growth.
A Unified Dynamic Model and Control for the Voltage-Sourced Converter Under Unbalanced Grid Conditions (2006)

This paper introduces and develops i) a novel unified dynamic model, and ii) new control schemes for a grid-connected static energy conversion system that is based on the voltage-sourced converter (VSC) configuration. The model and the controls are applicable to both the conventional two-level and the three-level neutral point diode clamped (NPC) VSCs. The model is unified since it represents the dynamic behavior of the VSC with respect to both positiveand negative-sequence components, due to unbalanced grid conditions and disturbances. To develop the unified model, the concepts of "generalized sinusoidal pulse-width modulation (SPWM)" and "VSC sequence subsystems" are presented. Based on the negative-sequence subsystem control, a new control strategy, to either balance the ac line currents or to mitigate dc-bus voltage ripples, is introduced. Application of the developed model and the controls to a variable-speed wind-power unit is presented in the paper.
Proton Conduction in In[sup 3+]-Doped SnP[sub 2]O[sub 7] at Intermediate Temperatures (2006)

-based proton conductors were characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), temperature-programmed desorption (TPD), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and electrochemical techniques. Undoped showed overall conductivities greater than in the temperature range of . The proton transport numbers of this material at under various conditions were estimated, based on the ratio of the electromotive force of the galvanic cells to the theoretical values, to be 0.97–0.99 in humidified and 0.89–0.92 under fuel cell conditions. Partial substitution of for led to an increase in the proton conductivity (from to at , for example). FTIR and TPD measurements revealed that the effects of doping on the proton conductivity could be attributed to an increase in the proton concentration in the bulk . The deficiency of ions in the bulk decreased the proton conductivity by several orders of magnitude, which was explained as due to a decrease in the proton mobility rather than the proton concentration. The mechanism of proton incorporation and conduction is examined and discussed in detail.
Percutaneous bilateral pulmonary artery banding using a re-expandable covered stent: preliminary animal study (2011)

Backgrounds: Bilateral pulmonary artery banding (bPAB) followed by ductal stenting has been reported as a stage 1 palliation of hypoplastic left heart syndrome (HLHS). However, hybrid strategy, which includes median sternotomy for bPAB, has been a common approach. In this preliminary experiment, we investigated the feasibility of a transcatheter bPAB followed by debanding using a reexpandable covered stent for comprehensive transcathter stage 1 palliation. Methods: Polyurethane was coated on Palmaz medium (Palmaz) or Express Vascular LD (large diameter) (Express) stents using the dipping method. The stent was mounted on a balloon, tied at the midpoint with a silk thread so as to implant the stent in the bilateral pulmonary arteries in a dumbbell shape, which consequently created bPAB. Under general anesthesia, we intended to create bPAB in 5 piglets whose median body weight was 10.1 kg. Once bPAB was created successfully, we performed debanding with balloon dilatation. Results: Eight stents (Palmaz and Express, 4 each) were implanted in 4 piglets, but one piglet died while manipulating a long sheath in the right ventricular outflow tract associated with fetal arrhythmia. Meanwhile, debanding was attempted of 4 stents (Palmaz and Express, 2 each) in 3 piglets because another piglet died suddenly of right ventricular failure following bPAB. All of the Palmaz stents were successfully implanted in a dumbbell shape, while only 2 Express stents could be implanted in the dumbbell shape. The Palmaz stents were debanded successfully, while only one Express stent could be redilated sufficiently because cells of the mid-portion overlapped each other. Conclusions: Transcather PAB could be created using a covered stent implanted in a dumbbell shape. The material and design of the stents were key issues not only for the creation of PAB but also for debanding. Further innovation of stents will be necessary for clinical utilization of this technique as a comprehensive transcatheter stage 1 palliation of HLHS.
Distribution and Excretion of a Phosphorothioate Oligonucleotide in Rats with Experimentally Induced Renal Injury (2004)

The effects of renal injury on the urinary excretion and tissue distribution of a 20-mer phosphorothioate oligonucleotide were investigated in male Sprague-Dawley rats. Renal injury was produced by treating the rats with either 5.0 mg/kg cisplatin or 2.5 mg/kg of a monoclonal antibody (mAb) directed toward Thy1.1. Controls received saline. Three days after cisplatin treatment or 2 days after anti- Thy1.1 treatment, the rats received 10 mg/kg ISIS 3521. Blood was collected at various times to assess the plasma concentrations of ISIS 3521, and rats were killed at various times from 6 to 48 hours after intravenous (i.v.) infusion of oligonucleotide to assess tissue concentrations by capillary gel electrophoresis (CGE). Cisplatin and anti-Thy1.1 antibody produced histologic and biochemical changes consistent with proximal tubular damage and glomerular damage, respectively. Urinary excretion of oligonucleotides was increased 2- to 4-fold of control; however, this amount accounted for only 1% to 2% of dose compared to 0.5% in controls. Proximal tubular damage reduced renal accumulations of ISIS 3521 and other oligonucleotide metabolites, but there were no obvious compensatory increases in concentrations in other organs except for a slight increase in spleen levels of total oligonucleotide. Glomerular damage was not associated with any change in oligonucleotide disposition. Immunohistochemical studies showed no evidence of alterations in the pattern of distribution within the injured kidney. The data suggest that acute renal dysfunction, either renal tubular or glomerular, does not markedly alter the urinary elimination and tissue deposition of a phosphorothioate oligonucleotide.
Design, Synthesis, and Biological Evaluation of Aminoboronic Acids as Growth‐Factor Receptor Inhibitors of EGFR and VEGFR‐1 Tyrosine Kinases (2004)

A series of aminoboronic acids was synthesized based on the structure of lavendustin pharmacophore 1. Their inhibitory activities against the epidermal growth-factor receptor (EGFR) and vascular endothelial growth-factor receptor-1 (VEGFR-1, Flt-1) protein tyrosine kinases, and various protein kinases, PKA, PKC, PTK, and eEF2K were evaluated. Selective inhibition activities were observed in a series of aminoboronic acids. 4-Methoxy-3-((2- methoxyphenylamino)methyl)phenylboronic acid 10 inhibited EGFR tyrosine kinase, whereas 4-(2,5-dihydroxybenzylamino)phenylboronic acid 12 inhibited Flt-1 protein kinase, although lavendustin pharmacophore 1 inhibited both EGFR and Flt-1 kinases at a compound concentration of 1.0 microg mL(-1). The selective inhibition of EGFR by 10 is considered to be due to the substitution of the dihydroxy groups on the benzyl moiety for a boronic acid group at the para position, whereas the selective inhibition of Flt-1 by 12 is due to the substitution of the carboxyl group on the aniline moiety in the lavendustin pharmacophore 1 for a boronic acid group.
Wavelength Dependence of Ultrahigh-Resolution Optical Coherence Tomography Using Supercontinuum for Biomedical Imaging (2018)

Optical coherence tomography (OCT) is a noninvasive cross-sectional imaging technique with micrometer resolution. The theoretical axial resolution is determined by the center wavelength and bandwidth of the light source, and the wider the bandwidth, the higher the axial resolution. The characteristics of OCT imaging depend on the optical wavelength used. In this paper, we investigated the wavelength dependence of ultrahigh-resolution (UHR) OCT using a supercontinuum for biomedical imaging. Wideband, high-power, low-noise supercontinua (SC) were generated at λ = 0.8, 1.1, 1.3, and 1.7 μm based on ultrashort pulses and nonlinear fibers. The wavelength dependence of OCT imaging was examined quantitatively using biological phantoms. Ultrahigh-resolution imaging of a rat lung was demonstrated with λ = 0.8-1.0 μm UHR-OCT. The variation of alveolar volume was estimated using three-dimensional image analysis. Finally, UHR-spectral domain-OCT and optical coherence microscopy at 1.7 μm were developed, and high-resolution and high-penetration imaging of turbid tissue, especially mouse brain, was demonstrated.
Engineering Halide Perovskite Crystals through Precursor Chemistry (2019)

The composition, crystallinity, morphology, and trap-state density of halide perovskite thin films critically depend on the nature of the precursor solution. A fundamental understanding of the liquid-to-solid transformation mechanism is thus essential to the fabrication of high-quality thin films of halide perovskite crystals for applications such as high-performance photovoltaics and is the topic of this Review. The roles of additives on the evolution of coordination complex species in the precursor solutions and the resulting effect on perovskite crystallization are presented. The influence of colloid characteristics, DMF/DMSO-free solutions and the degradation of precursor solutions on the formation of perovskite crystals are also discussed. Finally, the general formation mechanism of perovskite thin films from precursor solutions is summarized and some questions for further research are provided.
Structural Organization of the Major Subunits in Cyanobacterial Photosystem 1 (1997)

Based on an improved isolation procedure using perfusion chromatography, trimeric Photosystem 1 (PS1) complexes have been isolated from various deletion mutants of the mesophilic cyanobacterium Synechocystis PCC 6803. These mutants are only deficient in the deleted subunits, which was carefully checked by high resolution gel electrophoresis in combination with immunoblotting. These highly purified and well characterized PS1 particles were then examined by electron microscopy, followed by computer-aided image processing with single particle averaging techniques as described earlier (Kruip, J., Boekema, E. J., Bald, D., Boonstra, A. F., and Rögner, M. (1993) J. Biol. Chem. 268, 23353-23360). This precise methodological approach allowed a confident localization of the PS1 subunits PsaC, -D, -E, -F, and -J; it also shows shape and size of these subunits once integrated in the PS1 complex. Subunits PsaC, -D, and -E form a ridge on the stromal site, with PsaE toward the edge of each monomer within the trimer and PsaD extending toward the trimeric center, leaving PsaC in between. PsaF (near PsaE) and PsaJ are close together on the outer edge of each monomer; their proximity is also supported by chemical cross-linking, using the zero-length cross-linker EDC. This localization of PsaF contradicts the position suggested by the published low resolution x-ray analysis and shows for the first time the existence of at least one transmembrane alpha-helix for PsaF. A topographic three-dimensional map has been drawn from this set of results showing the location of the major PS1 subunits (besides PsaA and PsaB). These data also led to the assignment of electron density in the recent medium resolution x-ray structure for PS1 (Krauss, N., Schubert, W.-D., Klukas, O., Fromme, P., Witt, H. T., Saenger, W. (1996) Nat. Struct. Biol. 3, 965-973).
Recent developments in neuronal nicotinic acetylcholine receptor modulators (1998)

The neuronal nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR), a member of the ligand-gated ion channel (LGIC) superfamily, is widely distributed throughout the central (CNS) and peripheral nervous systems. Recent advances in the understanding of the molecular diversity of this receptor family have created opportunities for the development of novel therapeutic agents for the treatment of a diverse set of disorders, including Alzheimer’s dementia, Parkinson’s disease (PD), addiction and pain. This article reviews the published patent literature, with particular emphasis on those developments that are likely to have the greatest impact on the development of novel therapeutics for CNS disorders.
Dynamic Encoder Transducer: A Flexible Solution For Trading Off Accuracy For Latency (2021)

We propose a dynamic encoder transducer (DET) for on-device speech recognition. One DET model scales to multiple devices with different computation capacities without retraining or finetuning. To trading off accuracy and latency, DET assigns different encoders to decode different parts of an utterance. We apply and compare the layer dropout and the collaborative learning for DET training. The layer dropout method that randomly drops out encoder layers in the training phase, can do on-demand layer dropout in decoding. Collaborative learning jointly trains multiple encoders with different depths in one single model. Experiment results on Librispeech and in-house data show that DET provides a flexible accuracy and latency trade-off. Results on Librispeech show that the full-size encoder in DET relatively reduces the word error rate of the same size baseline by over 8%. The lightweight encoder in DET trained with collaborative learning reduces the model size by 25% but still gets similar WER as the full-size baseline. DET gets similar accuracy as a baseline model with better latency on a large in-house data set by assigning a lightweight encoder for the beginning part of one utterance and a full-size encoder for the rest.
Microwave potential of GaN-based Gunn devices (2000)

Transient hydrodynamic simulations are used to carry out harmonic power analysis of GaN and GaAs Gunn diode oscillators. GaN-based devices are shown to have twice the frequency and a hundred times the power capability of GaAs Gunn diodes.
The Human Poliovirus Receptor (1995)

The host range of poliovirus is determined by the expression of the hPVR, a member of the immunoglobulin superfamily. We characterized hPVR proteins biochemically and found them to be complex-type glycoproteins. The outermost V-like domain of three extracellular domains harbors the PVR function. A panel of single or multiple amino acid exchanges were introduced throughout this domain in order to localize regions involved in virus-receptor interactions. Putative contact amino acids were found to reside in the C'C"D and DE regions. Binding and uptake of poliovirus paralleled virus replication in all mutants tested suggesting that virus binding was affected without abrogating the ability to mediate subsequent events in the infection. Although the primate PVR is essential in conferring susceptibility to poliovirus infection, certain strains can induce neurological disease in rodents. Mouse neurovirulent PV isolates of divergent serotypical origin each provoked a distinctive, characteristic neurological syndrome upon intracerebral infection of wild-type mice. We analyzed clinical and histopathological features of diffuse encephalomyelitis caused by these PV strains and compared the condition with poliomyelitis in mice transgenic for the hPVR. Diffuse PV encephalomyelitis in wild-type mice could be distinguished clinically and histopathologically from hPVR-mediated poliomyelitis in trangenic mice. We localized the determinants of mouse neurovirulence of PV1(LS-a), a derivative of PV1 (Mahoney), in a portion of the viral genome encompassing parts of the capsid protein VP1 as well as the nonstructural protein 2A. Mouse neuropathogenicity could possibly be conferred by reduced particle stability of PV1(LS-a) inasmuch as we found particles to be thermolabile.
Ultrahigh resolution optical fiber strain sensor using dual Pound–Drever–Hall feedback loops (2016)

We present an ultrahigh resolution optical fiber strain sensor with a broad frequency range from quasi-static to several hundred hertz. The sensor consists of a π-phase shifted fiber Bragg grating for strain sensing and a fiber Fabry-Perot interferometer as reference. The laser carrier and sideband are locked to the reference and sensing elements, respectively, via two individual feedback loops, in which the Pound-Drever-Hall technique is employed to generate the error signals. The sampling rate is up to 500 samples/s in the demonstrational experiments, only limited by the updating rate of the frequency counter. The strain resolution exhibits a 1/f characteristic in the bandwidth of 0.01-250 Hz, and is better than 0.01 nϵ at 10 Hz with a dynamic range up to 149 dB. Compared with the traditional static strain sensors, the proposed sensor shows a great improvement in both resolution and sensing bandwidth, and can be a powerful tool for geophysical applications.
Expression of receptor tyrosine kinases VEGFR‐1 (FLT‐1), VEGFR‐2 (KDR), EGFR‐1, PDGFRa and c‐Met in canine primary brain tumours (2006)

Inhibition of tumour growth and angiogenesis by targeting key growth factor receptors is a promising therapeutic strategy for central nervous system tumours. Characterization of these growth factor receptors in canine primary brain tumours has not been done. Using quantitative real-time TaqMan polymerase chain reaction (PCR), we evaluated the expression of messenger RNA (mRNA) for five tyrosine kinase growth factor receptors (vascular endothelial growth factor receptor [VEGFR]-1, VEGFR-2, endothelial growth factor receptor [EGFR]-1, platelet-derived growth factor receptor a [PDGFRa], and c-Met) relative to normal cerebral cortex in 66 spontaneous canine primary brain tumours. Increased expression of VEGFR-1 and VEGFR-2 mRNA was greatest in grade IV astrocytomas (glioblastoma multiforme) and grade III (anaplastic) oligodendrogliomas. EGFR-1 mRNA expression was more consistently increased than the other receptors in all tumour types, while increased PDGFRa mRNA expression was mostly restricted to oligodendrogliomas. The similarities in increased expression of these tyrosine kinase growth factor receptors in these canine tumours, as compared to data from their human counterparts, suggest that common molecular mechanisms may be present.