gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
T-cell receptor-negative natural killer cells display antigen-specific cytotoxicity for microvascular endothelial cells. (1990)

Based upon prior demonstrations that human microvascular endothelial cells (ECs) could serve as natural killer (NK) cell targets, we established NK cell lines and clones by repeated stimulation of highly purified CD16-positive, CD3/T-cell receptor (Ti)-negative cells with allogeneic ECs. After 3 weeks in culture these lymphoid cells, which neither expressed surface CD3/Ti molecules nor rearranged Ti beta- or gamma-chain genes and which lysed K562 human erythroleukemia cells, displayed specific cytotoxicity for the stimulating ECs. Furthermore, freshly isolated NK cells bound and then removed from each of several allogeneic EC lines displayed selective cytotoxicity for the adsorbing EC line. These results provide evidence for alloantigen-specific recognition of microvascular ECs by NK cells that appears to be determined, at least in part, at the level of adherence. We discuss the implications of these findings with respect to the rejection of vascularized organ allografts.
Ammonia as a Green Fuel for Transportation (2008)

In this paper, the potential benefits and technical advantages of using ammonia as a green fuel for transportation are analyzed based on performance indicators including the system effectiveness, the driving range, fuel tank compactness, and the cost of driving per km. Similar to hydrogen, ammonia is a synthetic product that can be obtained thermally, physically, chemically or biologically either from fossil fuels, biomass, or other renewable sources and can be used as a clean fuel. The refrigeration effect of ammonia is another advantage of it and is included in the efficiency calculations. The cooling power represents about 7–10% from the engine power, being thus a valuable side benefit of ammonia’s presence on-board. If the cooling effect is taken into consideration, the system’s effectiveness can be improved by about 20%. It is shown that if a medium size hydrogen car converted to NH3, it becomes more cost effective per driving range as low as CN$3.2/100 km.
A 60 GHz Frequency Generator Based on a 20 GHz Oscillator and an Implicit Multiplier (2016)

This paper proposes a mm-wave frequency generation technique that improves its phase noise (PN) performance and power efficiency. The main idea is that a fundamental 20 GHz signal and its sufficiently strong third harmonic at 60 GHz are generated simultaneously in a single oscillator. The desired 60 GHz local oscillator (LO) signal is delivered to the output, whereas the 20 GHz signal can be fed back for phase detection in a phase-locked loop. Third-harmonic boosting and extraction techniques are proposed and applied to the frequency generator. A prototype of the proposed frequency generator is implemented in digital 40 nm CMOS. It exhibits a PN of -100 dBc/Hz at 1 MHz offset from 57.8 GHz and provides 25% frequency tuning range (TR). The achieved figure-of-merit (FoM) is between 179 and 182 dBc/Hz.
Integrated Optical Threshold Gates For Digital Image Processing (1985)

Low level processing or preprocessing is often the starting point in many computer vision systems. This stage is typically characterized as picture processing and uses gradients, edge templates, filters, thresholding, and other enhancement techniques. The next stage in computer vision commonly deals with the processed image, usually binary in nature, and extracts intrinsic features such as size, shape, boundary, orientation, moments, etc. A new class of multiple-valued integrated optical processors is proposed for the parallel implementation of selected preprocessing algorithms. The basic component of the multiple-valued processor is an integrated optical threshold gate.(1-3) The parallel processing algorithms required for both smoothing and boundary determination with an integrated optical thresholding array are described. One possible architecture for an optical parallel digital image processor is presented.
<title>Track count estimator for DVD and CDROM</title> (1998)

An estimator is shown to accurately count tracks during a seek in a DVD or CDROM storage device. The estimator states are position and velocity. Although the gains can be adapted via the recursive Kalman equations, the track count accuracy suffers little degradation if the gains are fixed. The position estimate's bandwidth can be matched to the seek system poles affording optimum filtering. Although the input is a nonlinear function of position, the estimator is constructed in such a way as to maintain linearity.
Formation Of Ohmic Gold Contacts On Epitaxial GaAs (1991)

New low-temperature procedure used to deposit ohmic gold contacts on gallium arsenide epitaxial films, forming ohmic electrical contacts. Keeping wafer in vacuum until metallization prevents formation of rectifying contacts.
Compact, rapid, and rugged detector of military and improvised explosives based on external grating cavity quantum cascade lasers (2009)

Early detection of explosive substances is the first and most difficult step in defeating explosive devices. Many currently available methods suffer from fundamental failure modes limiting their realworld suitability. Infrared spectroscopy is ideal for reliable identification of explosives since it probes the chemical composition of molecules. Quantum cascade lasers rapidly became the light source of choice of IR spectroscopy due to their wavelength agility, relatively high output power, and small size and weight. Our compact, rapid, and rugged multi-explosives sensor based on external grating cavity QCLs simultaneously detects TNT, TATP, and acetone while being immune to ammonium nitrate interference. The instrument features low false alarm rate, and low probability of false negatives. Receiver operation characteristics curves are presented.
The Development of an Automatic-Reversing Differential Thermal Wattmeter (1980)

A differential thermal wattmeter for the precision measurement of power at audio frequencies is described. Automatic reversing has eliminated the zero instability of the conventional thermal wattmeter and has made possible an automatic ac/dc transfer of power at any power factor through the simultaneous superposition of ac and dc to achieve a null. A crest factor capability of four is incorporated in the design to make the instrument capable of precision measurement of power with very distorted waveforms. The wattmeter has a linear scale, a resolution of 10 ppm, and a direct reading accuracy of 30 ppm in the 50-1000-Hz frequency band. The wattmeter can be used up to 20 kHz with reduced accuracy.
Holographic 3-D Displays - Electro-holography within the Grasp of Commercialization (2010)

In conclusion, a novel approach for real-time holography that has a strong market potential for desktop, TV, as well as mobile displays has been presented. To date, it is the only practical solution known to the authors that is capable of holographic reconstruction of large 3-D scenes of natural size and depth made with commercially available component technologies. The essential idea of the proprietary and patented approach is that for a holographic display the highest priority is to reconstruct the wavefront at the eye position that would be generated by a real existing object and not to reconstruct the object itself. The tracked viewing-window holographic technology limits pixel size to levels already known for commercially available displays. Sub-hologram encoding brings computation into graphics card or ASIC range. The new concept is applicable to desktop, TV, and mobile imaging. While there have been impressive developments in 3-D display technology in the past decade, the remaining visual conflicts between natural viewing and 3-D stereo visualization have prevented 3-D displays from becoming a universal consumer product. In principle, the only 3-D display capable of completely matching natural viewing is an electro-holographic display. SeeRealâ€™s new approach to electro-holography not only proves that it is possible, but that it is also closer to adoption than many experts imagined. The principles and concepts are already in place. The checks and verifications are completed. Color prototypes are in full use. The technology already exists â€“ it is just a question of time for all the pieces of the puzzle to come together and for the first commercial real-time 3-D holographic displays to hit the market.
Current train control optimization methods with a view for application in heavy haul railways (2011)

Railway operators are continually increasing the length and weight of heavy haul trains to achieve reduced operating costs and increase network capacity. With longer and heavier trains, it becomes increasingly difficult for human operators to control the train optimally. The three main objectives of train control are minimizing journey time, minimizing energy usage, and minimizing in-train dynamics. This article reviews published train control optimization methods used in passenger, freight, and long heavy haul trains with a view of determining which methods would be best applied to the optimization of heavy haul train control.
Application of Humanised and Other Transgenic Models to Predict Human Responses to Drugs (2015)

The use of transgenic animal models has transformed our knowledge of complex biochemical pathways in vivo. It has allowed disease processes to be modelled and used in the development of new disease prevention and treatment strategies. They can also be used to define cell- and tissue-specific pathways of gene regulation. A further major application is in the area of preclinical development where such models can be used to define pathways of chemical toxicity, and the pathways that regulate drug disposition. One major application of this approach is the humanisation of mice for the proteins that control drug metabolism and disposition. Such models can have numerous applications in the development of drugs and in their more sophisticated use in the clinic.
A CD16/CD30 bispecific monoclonal antibody induces lysis of hodgkin's cells by unstimulated natural killer cells <i>In</i> AND <i>In vivo</i> (1993)

In order to target NK cells against the Hodgkin's-derived cell line L540, we developed bispecific monoclonal antibodies (Bi-MAbs) by somatic hybridization of the 2 mouse hybridoma cell line HRS-3 and A9 which produce monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) with reactivity against the Hodgkin and Reed-Sternberg cell-associated CD30 antigen and the CD16 antigen (Fc gamma III receptor), respectively. The CD16 MAb-producing cell line A9 was selected as a partner for HRS-3 because of its efficiency in inducing lysis of the A9 hybridoma cells by resting NK cells. The hybrid hybridoma cell line HRS-3/A9 produced the supernatant with the strongest bispecific reactivity and was repeatedly subcloned and used for ascites production. Crude supernatant and purified HRS-3/A9 Bi-MAb triggered specific lysis of the CD30+ Hodgkin's-derived cell line L540, but not of the CD30- cell line HPB-ALL by unstimulated peripheral-blood lymphocytes and NK-cell-enriched populations. Moreover, treatment of SCID mice bearing heterotransplanted human Hodgkin's tumors with HRS-3/A9 and human peripheral blood lymphocytes induced specific complete tumor regression in 10/10 animals. We thus report successful tumor treatment in an in vivo model using NK-cell-associated Bi-MAbs and show that the Bi-MAb HRS-3/A9 is an efficient promoter of the anti-tumor effects of NK cells in vitro and in vivo.
Potent Inhibition of Macrophage Responses to IFN-γ by Live Virulent <i>Mycobacterium tuberculosis</i> Is Independent of Mature Mycobacterial Lipoproteins but Dependent on TLR2 (2006)

Mycobacterium tuberculosis is a highly successful pathogen that can persist and cause disease despite an immune response. One potential mechanism for resisting elimination is by inhibiting the action of IFN-gamma. We have previously shown that live M. tuberculosis inhibits selected macrophage responses to IFN-gamma, and that purified M. tuberculosis 19-kDa lipoprotein inhibits induction of selected IFN-gamma-responsive genes through a TLR2-dependent pathway, whereas peptidoglycan inhibits responses to IFN-gamma by a TLR2-independent pathway. To determine the relative contribution of lipoproteins to the inhibition of responses to IFN-gamma, we deleted the M. tuberculosis gene (lspA) that encodes lipoprotein signal peptidase. This revealed that M. tuberculosis lipoprotein processing is indispensable for stimulation of TLR2 reporter cells, but that the lspA mutant inhibits macrophage responses to IFN-gamma to the same extent as wild-type bacteria. Macrophages lacking TLR2 are more resistant to inhibition by either strain of M. tuberculosis, suggesting that nonlipoprotein TLR2 agonists contribute to inhibition. Indeed, we found that phosphatidylinositol mannan from M. tuberculosis inhibits macrophage responses to IFN-gamma. M. tuberculosis inhibition of responses to IFN-gamma requires new protein synthesis, indicating that a late effect of innate immune stimulation is the inhibition of responses to IFN-gamma. These results establish that M. tuberculosis possesses multiple mechanisms of inhibiting responses to IFN-gamma.
Back to the future: A fully automatic method for robust age progression (2016)

It has been shown that significant age difference between a probe and gallery face image can decrease the matching accuracy. If the face images can be normalized in age, there can be a huge impact on the face verification accuracy and thus many novel applications such as matching driver's license, passport and visa images with the real person's images can be effectively implemented. Face progression can address this issue by generating a face image for a specific age. Many researchers have attempted to address this problem focusing on predicting older faces from a younger face. In this paper, we propose a novel method for robust and automatic face progression in totally unconstrained conditions. Our method takes into account that faces belonging to the same age-groups share age patterns such as wrinkles while faces across different age-groups share some common patterns such as expressions and skin colors. Given training images of K different age-groups the proposed method learns to recover K low-rank age and one low-rank common components. These extracted components from the learning phase are used to progress an input face to younger as well as older ages in bidirectional fashion. Using standard datasets, we demonstrate that the proposed progression method outperforms state-of-the-art age progression methods and also improves matching accuracy in a face verification protocol that includes age progression.
Virtual infrastructure embedding over software-defined flex-grid optical networks (2013)

Software-Defined Networking (SDN) enables efficient and scalable network virtualization. Infrastructure resources, such as computing and networking resources, can be abstracted and outsourced as a service using virtualization technology. These SDN features can be extended to the optical transport networks to enable high capacity, low cost, and long reach transport networks. In this paper, we introduce an architecture for Software-Defined Optical Network (SDON), and study the virtual infrastructure embedding (VIE) problem over SDON with the objective of minimizing the blocking probability of VIE requests. We propose two novel heuristic algorithms, namely Compute followed by Network Load Balance (CNLB) and Network followed by Compute Load Balance (NCLB). Specifically, NCLB is the first ever attempt to solve the VIE problem by allocating the networking resource first followed by provisioning the computing resource. We compare these two algorithms with the Shortest-Path Based Embedding (SPBE) algorithm. The simulation results show that both CNLB and NCLB outperform SPBE in terms of minimizing the request blocking probability, and NCLB achieves the best performance.
Cross-Clade Protective Immune Responses to Influenza Viruses with H5N1 HA and NA Elicited by an Influenza Virus-Like Particle (2008)

This is the first report describing the use of an H5N1 VLP vaccine created from a clade 2 isolate. The results show that a non-replicating virus-like particle is effective at eliciting a broadened, cross-clade protective immune response to proteins from emerging H5N1 influenza isolates giving rise to a potential pandemic influenza vaccine candidate for humans that can be stockpiled for use in the event of an outbreak of H5N1 influenza.
Dielectric and electroactive strain properties of poly(vinylidene fluoride–trifluoroethylene–chlorotrifluoroethylene) terpolymers (2004)

The dielectric and electroactive strain properties of the poly(vinylidene fluoride–trifluoroethylene–chlorotrifluoroethylene) terpolymers with two different concentrations of chlorotrifluoroethylene (CTFE) have been studied down to cryogenic temperatures. The increase in the CTFE concentration shifts slightly the temperature where the dielectric constant maximum occurs to a lower temperature. High electroactive strain (∼1%) is obtained at room temperature for both compositions; however, the strain level decreases quickly with decreasing temperature. The dielectric relaxation process occurs for both compositions in the temperature range of 220 to 350 K, below which the dielectric constant decreases quickly to an “intrinsic” value (∼2.5). The similar variation tendency of the strain and the dielectric constant as a function of temperature indicates a close correlation between the dielectric behavior and strain activity.
Transnasal transplantation of human induced pluripotent stem cell‐derived microglia to the brain of immunocompetent mice (2021)

Microglia are the resident immune cells of the brain, and play essential roles in neuronal development, homeostatic function, and neurodegenerative disease. Human microglia are relatively different from mouse microglia. However, most research on human microglia is performed in vitro, which does not accurately represent microglia characteristics under in vivo conditions. To elucidate the in vivo characteristics of human microglia, methods have been developed to generate and transplant induced pluripotent or embryonic stem cell-derived human microglia into neonatal or adult mouse brains. However, its widespread use remains limited by the technical difficulties of generating human microglia, as well as the need to use immune-deficient mice and conduct invasive surgeries. To address these issues, we developed a simplified method to generate induced pluripotent stem cell-derived human microglia and transplant them into the brain via a transnasal route in immunocompetent mice, in combination with a colony stimulating factor 1 receptor antagonist. We found that human microglia were able to migrate through the cribriform plate to different regions of the brain, proliferate, and become the dominant microglia in a region-specific manner by occupying the vacant niche when exogenous human cytokine is administered, for at least 60 days.
Additive manufactured tripolar antenna system for link improvement in high multipath environments (2017)

A 2.4 GHz single-piece additive manufactured tripolar antenna system is presented for integration with a commercially available wireless node. The antenna is 3D-printed using fused deposition modeling of ABS plastic and micro-dispensing of silver paste. Performance is evaluated in anechoic and highly reflective environments achieving a return loss greater than 15 dB at the desired frequency of operation and median and 1% link margin improvements through selection diversity of 4 dB and 11 dB, respectively.
Expression of receptor protein tyrosine phosphatase‐σ (RPTP‐σ) in the nervous system of the developing and adult rat (1995)

The expression of receptor protein tyrosine phosphatase-sigma (RPTP-sigma) mRNA during rat development was examined by Northern blot and in situ hybridization analyses. Northern blot analysis revealed that the two transcripts (5.7 kb and 6.9 kb) had different spatial and temporal patterns of expression. The 6.9-kb transcript was more abundant during embryonic development, whereas the 5.7-kb transcript was more abundant during postnatal development and in the adult. In situ hybridization revealed that RPTP-sigma mRNA was widely expressed throughout the central and peripheral nervous system during embryonic development. Very high levels were seen in the ventricular zone, subventricular zone, cortex, dorsal root ganglia, cranial nerve ganglia, olfactory epithelium, and retina. During postnatal development the level of expression decreased in most brain regions. However, high levels continued to be seen in the hippocampus. Emulsion autoradiography revealed that the majority of RPTP-sigma mRNA is expressed in neurons. Northern analysis showed that cultured glial cells expressed the 6.9-kb transcript, but not the 5.7-kb. RPTP-sigma mRNA expression profiles were clearly distinct from those of leukocyte antigen-related protein (LAR), a closely related RPTP. The spatiotemporal pattern of RPTP-sigma mRNA expression indicates that RPTP-sigma may play a role in the development of the nervous system.
Thermal Barrier/Seal for Extreme Temperature Applications (2002)

Large solid rocket motors, as found on the Space Shuttle, are fabricated in segments for manufacturing considerations, bolted together, and sealed using conventional Viton O-ring seals. Similarly the nine large solid rocket motor nozzles are assembled from several different segments, bolted together, and sealed at six joint locations using conventional O-ring seals. The 5500 F combustion gases are generally kept a safe distance away from the seals by thick layers of phenolic or rubber insulation. Joint-fill compounds, including RTV (room temperature vulcanized compound) and polysulfide filler, are used to fill the joints in the insulation to prevent a direct flow-path to the O-rings. Normally these two stages of protection are enough to prevent a direct flow-path of the 900-psi hot gases from reaching the temperature-sensitive O-ring seals. However, in the current design 1 out of 15 Space Shuttle solid rocket motors experience hot gas effects on the Joint 6 wiper (sacrificial) O-rings. Also worrisome is the fact that joints have experienced heat effects on materials between the RTV and the O-rings, and in two cases O-rings have experienced heat effects. These conditions lead to extensive reviews of the post-flight conditions as part of the effort to monitor flight safety. We have developed a braided carbon fiber thermal barrier to replace the joint fill compounds in the Space Shuttle solid rocket motor nozzles to reduce the incoming 5500 F combustion gas temperature and permit only cool (approximately 100 F) gas to reach the temperature-sensitive O-ring seals. Implementation of this thermal barrier provides more robust, consistent operation with shorter turn around times between Shuttle launches.
Linear Optics Approach to Quantum Computing (2005)

Abstract : This is the final report for a three-year grant to investigate a linear optics approach to quantum computing. The main results of the study include a demonstration of a CNOT logic gate, a source of single photons on demand, a quantum memory device for photonic qubits, a small-scale circuit for photonic qubits, and a quantum error correction. The elimination of failure events using the quantum Zeno effect was proposed and is being investigated in a follow-on grant.