gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Visual Tool Tip Detection and Position Estimation for Robotic Manipulation of Unknown Human Tools (2005)

Robots that use human tools could more easily work with people, perform tasks that are important to people, and bene t from human strategies for accomplishing these tasks. For a wide variety of tools and tasks, control of the tool&apos;s endpoint is su cient for its use. In this paper we present a straight-forward method for rapidly detecting the endpoint of an unmodeled tool and estimating its position with respect to the robot&apos;s hand. The robot rotates the tool while using optical ow to detect the most rapidly moving image points, and then nds the 3D position with respect to its hand that best explains these noisy 2D detections. The resulting 3D position estimate allows the robot to control the position of the tool endpoint and predict its visual location. We show successful results for this method using a humanoid robot with a variety of traditional tools, including a pen, a hammer, and pliers, as well as more general tools such as a bottle and the robot&apos;s own nger. 1 1
Adaptively wavelet-based image denoising algorithm with edge preserving (2006)

A new wavelet-based image denoising algorithm, which exploits the edge information hidden in the corrupted image, is presented. Firstly, a canny-like edge detector identifies the edges in each subband. Secondly, multiplying the wavelet coefficients in neighboring scales is implemented to suppress the noise while magnifying the edge information, and the result is utilized to exclude the fake edges. The isolated edge pixel is also identified as noise. Unlike the thresholding method, after that we use local window filter in the wavelet domain to remove noise in which the variance estimation is elaborated to utilize the edge information. This method is adaptive to local image details, and can achieve better performance than the methods of state of the art.
Gene for Aspartate Racemase from the Sulfur-dependent Hyperthermophilic Archaeum, Desulfurococcus Strain SY (1996)

Amino acid racemases are ubiquitous throughout eubacteria. However, no amino acid racemases have yet been found in eukaryotes and archaea. We cloned a gene highly homologous to that for the aspartate racemase from the sulfur-dependent hyperthermophilic archaeum, Desulfurococcus strain SY. The product of the gene showed 35.2% amino acid sequence identity with the aspartate racemase of Streptococcus thermophilus IAM10064, and was also homologous to glutamate racemases around the putative catalytic cysteine residues. The encoded protein was expressed in Escherichia coli. The recombinant protein had amino acid racemizing activity, which was highly specific for aspartate and increased with temperature from 37 degrees C to 90 degrees C. Therefore, this was identified as the first hyperthermophilic archaeal amino acid racemase. A little aspartate racemizing activity was also detected in the crude extract of Desulfurococcus strain SY. The function of this aspartate racemase might be the uptake of -aspartate formed at high temperature or the production of -aspartate as a cell component. The fact that the amino acid racemases are distributed among both eubacteria and archaea suggests that endogenous -amino acids in mammals are also synthesized by amino acid racemases.
Increment and impairment of adiponectin in renal failure (2009)

Plasma APN increases in chronic renal failure, at least in part due to low clearance rate. High concentrations of cystatin C abolish the vasculo-protective effect of APN.
Finding Rumor Sources on Random Trees (2016)

We consider the problem of detecting the source of a rumor which has spread in a network using only observations about which set of nodes are infected with the rumor and with no information as to when these nodes became infected. In a recent work ( Shah and Zaman 2010 ), this rumor source detection problem was introduced and studied. The authors proposed the graph score function rumor centrality as an estimator for detecting the source. They establish it to be the maximum likelihood estimator with respect to the popular Susceptible Infected (SI) model with exponential spreading times for regular trees. They showed that as the size of the infected graph increases, for a path graph (2-regular tree), the probability of source detection goes to 0 and for d-regular trees with d ≥ 3 the probability of detection, say α d , remains bounded away from 0 and is less than 1/2. However, their results stop short of providing insights for the performance of the rumor centrality estimator in more general settings such as irregular trees or the SI model with nonexponential spreading times. This paper overcomes this limitation and establishes the effectiveness of rumor centrality for source detection for generic random trees and the SI model with a generic spreading time distribution. The key result is an interesting connection between a continuous time branching process and the effectiveness of rumor centrality. Through this, it is possible to quantify the detection probability precisely. As a consequence, we recover all previous results as a special case and obtain a variety of novel results including the universality of rumor centrality in the context of tree-like graphs and the SI model with a generic spreading time distribution.
Partial Oxidation of Methane to Synthesis Gas over (La,Sr)(Co,Ni) Oxide Catalysts. (1996)

The catalytic properties of a series of (La, Sr)(Co, Ni) oxides have been studied for the oxidation of CH4. The catalysts were prepared by the citrate method. The catalytic test using a mixed gas of CH4 and air was carried out by temperature programmed reaction (TPR) from room temperature to 800°C.All the catalysts prepared possessed perovskite oxide structure. The mode of the catalytic oxidation substantially changed around 700°C during the TPR. The oxide catalysts generally catalyzed combustion or oxidative dimerization of CH4 at temperatures below 700°C, while some of the oxides, La1-xSrxNiO3-δ(0≤x≤0.1) and La2-xSrxNiO4-δ(0.1≤x≤1.0), catalyzed synthesis gas production from CH4 at temperatures above 700°C. The latter two oxide catalysts decomposed to form La2O3 and Ni metal after the reaction at 800°C, and the Ni metal seemed to be active species for the synthesis gas formation. However, significant coke formation was observed over the catalysts, resulting in a blockage in the reactor in a short time.LaCoO3-δ was stable and active for the CH4 combustion during the TPR, and showed a very low activity for synthesis gas production at 800°C, where Co metal was not observed. Partial substitution of Sr for La and of Ni for Co, respectively, in LaCoO3-δ, i.e., La0.8Sr0.2Co0.8Ni0.2 mixed oxide, resulted in a stable activity for synthesis gas production. The activity was enhanced by pretreating the catalyst, i.e., the reduction with CH4.
Cleaning up dirty disks in the cloud (2012)

Many people have grappled with the challenge of assessing cloud security. This is a particularly pressing issue for businesses in sectors such as financial services, which are most likely to attract the attention of malicious attackers. Context assessed the security of a number of cloud service providers and found that some providers exposed clients' data to a risk of compromise as a result of serious flaws in the implementation of their technologies. Michael Jordon of Context details the investigations, the results found and steps taken to remediate the problems. There must be times when cloud service providers rue the day that the term ‘cloud’ was chosen to describe their technologies. ‘Cloud computing’ sounds light and fresh, a world away from clunky old mainframes, but it also conjures up negative images for corporate users, making one think of something windblown, flimsy and vague — while also somehow opaque and mysterious.
Nucleoprotein Complexes and DNA 5′-Ends at oriP of Epstein-Barr Virus (1995)

Understanding protein-DNA interactions in vivo at origins of DNA replication throughout the cell cycle may shed further insight on the mechanisms of initiation and replication control. The Burkitt's lymphoma cell line Raji harbors multiple copies of latent Epstein-Barr virus. Once per cell cycle the origin of plasmid replication of Epstein-Barr virus provides replication function in cis for the viral DNA. Here we examined in vivo nucleoprotein complexes on the initiator element of the origin before and after DNA synthesis. For this purpose Raji cells were synchronously growth arrested in G1 phase by mimosine and in mitosis by colchicine, respectively. The association of the initiator element with proteins was visualized by footprinting with dimethyl sulfate and ligation mediated polymerase chain reaction. Methylation patterns indicated a novel binding activity within each element of a nonamer repeated three times at the initiator element. This activity was strongly diminished in mitotic cells. Furthermore, 5'-ends of Epstein-Barr virus DNA were mapped to the nonamers by ligation mediated polymerase chain reaction, suggesting potential initiation sites for replication from DS.
Synthesis and Structural Characterization of Cocrystals and Pharmaceutical Cocrystals: Mechanochemistry vs Slow Evaporation from Solution (2009)

The reliability of solvent drop grinding (SDG), also referred to as liquid assisted grinding, wet cogrinding, or mechanochemistry, to facilitate cocrystal formation is addressed with a series of model cocrystals and pharmaceutical cocrystals. The synthesis and single crystal structures of 17 new cocrystals that are sustained by COOH···Narom and OH···Narom supramolecular heterosynthons are presented. These cocrystals were prepared by both slow evaporation from solution and SDG. We also investigated whether or not SDG could be used to prepare previously reported carbamazepine (CBZ) pharmaceutical cocrystals. The following eight cocrystal formers were investigated in this context: 4,4′-bipyridine, 4-aminobenzoic acid/H2O, 2,6-pyridinedicarboxylic acid, benzoquinone, terephthalaldehyde, saccharin, nicotinamide, and aspirin. Our results reveal that all of the cocrystals that were grown from solution and characterized by single crystal X-ray crystallography can also be prepared by SDG. SDG therefore appears to be a cost-effective, green, and reliable method for discovery of new cocrystals as well as for preparation of existing cocrystals.
Ultrarobust Transparent Cellulose Nanocrystal‐Graphene Membranes with High Electrical Conductivity (2015)

Ultra-robust nanomembranes possessing high mechanical strength combined with excellent stiffness and toughness rarely achieved in nanocomposite materials are presented. These are fabricated by alternately depositing 1D cellulose nanocrystals and 2D graphene oxide nanosheets by using a spin assisted layer-by-layer assembly technique. Such a unique combination of 1D and 2D reinforcing nanostructures results in layered nanomaterials.
Application of Near‐Infrared Spectroscopy to the Characterization of Petroleum (2017)

Infrared (IR) is the spectroscopic technique most extensively applied in the industry because it has a low cost, good signal-to-noise ratio, rapid response potential for online applications, non-destructive and non-invasive instrumentation, and simple or nearly no specific sample preparation. In consequence, IR has been extensively used in the characterization and classification of different crude oils (medium and heavy), gasoline, and associated products that have been carried out with this technique that is based on the characteristic vibrational modes of the functional groups present in the sample. NIR has been used in the oil and gas industry since the late 1970s and early 1980s. Many applications appeared that demonstrate the success of near-infrared (NIR) for the prediction of physical and chemical properties of crude oil and petroleum products. "Chemometrics" is a term applied to the generic discipline containing computers and mathematics to derive meaningful chemical information from samples of varying complexity.
Factors Affecting the Vitelline Membrane of the Hen’s Egg (1976)

Experimentation was conducted to determine the effect of egg size, length of storage, storage temperature, albumen pH and albumen viscosity on the vitelline membrane. The effect of changes in the vitelline membrane on water movement across it from the albumen o t the yolk was also studied. The dry membrane weight decreased as a percentage of dry yolk weight as the egg weight decreased. Vitelline membrane weight increased under refrigerated (7° C.) conditions and decreased at room temperature (22° C). The length of storage from 0–9 days had no effect at 7 or 22° C. on membrane weight, although albumen breakdown occurred as evidenced by increased pH. Albumen pH affected the membrane weight only at 22° C. The membrane weight decrease at 22° C. was paralleled by a decrease in yolk index. Storing yolks in thick albumen under refrigerated conditions resulted in an increase in membrane weight. Storing in thin albumen produced no change. The increase in weight was thought to be due to the association of the thick albumen with the membrane. The increase in membrane weight did not increase the strength of the vitelline membrane. Movement of water into the yolk was decreased when membrane weight increased.
I1.3 - Thermopile infrared sensor with precisely patterned high-temperature resistant black absorber layer (2009)

A thermopile infrared microsensor with a new broad band absorber layer is presented. Based on special carbon particles incorporated in a heteropolysiloxane nano composite matrix, which can be spin-coated on a wafer, the new absorber layer is high-temperature resistant up to 300 C and can be patterned precisely by etching technologies. The sensor has a circular absorber area of 0.5 mm diameter. If nitrogen-backfilled, the sensor showed a responsivity and time constant of 280 V/W and 43 ms, respectively. A detectivity of about 7x10 8 cmHz 1/2 /W was achieved.
Generalized Synthesis of Zeolite-Type Metal–Organic Frameworks Encapsulating Immobilized Transition-Metal Clusters (2012)

Zeolites are generally made from tetrahedral nodes and ditopic linkers. Reported here is a versatile method based on trifunctional ligands. With this method, two functional groups are used to form zeolitic nets, while the third one serves to immobilize metal clusters within the channels. The process is driven by the coexistence of multiple inorganic building blocks generated in the heterometallic system. The generality of this method is shown by three distinct metal-organic frameworks mimicking AlPO(4)-5 (AFI) and BCT zeotypes as well as the cubic lcs topology. The correlation between the framework topology and trapped metal species reveals the unique bidirectional control (framework topology ↔ confined metal species) that may be exploited to create a large family of zeotypes with channels modified by different metal ions and clusters.
Networks of Influence Diagrams: A Formalism for Representing Agents' Beliefs and Decision-Making Processes (2008)

This paper presents Networks of Influence Diagrams (NID), a compact, natural and highly expressive language for reasoning about agents' beliefs and decision-making processes. NIDs are graphical structures in which agents' mental models are represented as nodes in a network; a mental model for an agent may itself use descriptions of the mental models of other agents. NIDs are demonstrated by examples, showing how they can be used to describe conflicting and cyclic belief structures, and certain forms of bounded rationality. In an opponent modeling domain, NIDs were able to outperform other computational agents whose strategies were not known in advance. NIDs are equivalent in representation to Bayesian games but they are more compact and structured than this formalism. In particular, the equilibrium definition for NIDs makes an explicit distinction between agents' optimal strategies, and how they actually behave in reality.
Deformation micromechanisms of collagen fibrils under uniaxial tension (2009)

Collagen, an essential building block of connective tissues, possesses useful mechanical properties due to its hierarchical structure. However, little is known about the mechanical properties of collagen fibril, an intermediate structure between the collagen molecule and connective tissue. Here, we report the results of systematic molecular dynamics simulations to probe the mechanical response of initially unflawed finite size collagen fibrils subjected to uniaxial tension. The observed deformation mechanisms, associated with rupture and sliding of tropocollagen molecules, are strongly influenced by fibril length, width and cross-linking density. Fibrils containing more than approximately 10 molecules along their length and across their width behave as representative volume elements and exhibit brittle fracture. Shorter fibrils experience a more graceful ductile-like failure. An analytical model is constructed and the results of the molecular modelling are used to find curve-fitted expressions for yield stress, yield strain and fracture strain as functions of fibril structural parameters. Our results for the first time elucidate the size dependence of mechanical failure properties of collagen fibrils. The associated molecular deformation mechanisms allow the full power of traditional material and structural engineering theory to be applied to our understanding of the normal and pathological mechanical behaviours of collagenous tissues under load.
Evaluation of Source Codes Using Bidirectional LSTM Neural Network (2020)

Nowadays, computer programming is a core skill in computer science with software and computing-related disciplines. Thus, the demand for skilled programmers around the world is increasing. Programmers are writing codes to meet the needs of the world. Debugging source codes to search for errors is a time-consuming task, especially for logical errors for both novices and experienced programmers. We propose a language model using bidirectional long short-term memory (BiLSTM) neural network for the source code error evaluation. The BiLSTM neural network model considers both past and future context of input sequences of source codes that produces more accurate results for the error identification as well as prediction. In addition, the proposed BiLSTM language model predicts correction and error position in source codes. We trained and evaluated the proposed BiLSTM model using source codes collected from Aizu Online Judge (AOJ) system. The experimental results demonstrated that the accuracy of the proposed BiLSTM model surpassed other unidirectional RNN and LSTM models in terms of error detection and prediction in source codes. The BiLSTM model in this study can be operated as an intelligent model for source code error detection which is helpful in programming education and software engineering fields.
呼吸流量センサ(特集)(センサ) (1985)

Active and passive immunization studies in mice were undertaken to examine the protective efficiency of vaccines prepared from different components of Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae, or combinations thereof. Subcutaneous immunization using either washed formalinized whole cells, capsular polysaccharide, lipopolysaccharide or purified hemolysin I (105 kDa protein) partially protected mice against intranasal challenge with a lethal dose of homologous or heterologous A. pleuropneumoniae serotypes. However, full protection was obtained if the formalinized whole cells were supplemented with purified hemolysin. Similar protection was obtained when mice were immunized simultaneously with a sublethal dose of live cells by the intranasal route and with formalinized whole cells subcutaneously. Passive immunization using rabbit hyperimmune serum against formalinized whole cells provided almost total protection whereas hyperimmune serum against capsular polysaccharide, lipopolysaccharide or hemolysin alone provided only a partial protection. Cell mediated immunity as detected by the foot pad test may not be implicated significantly in the protein against acute A. pleuropneumoniae infection. However, humoral immune response seems to play an important role in protection. All the antigenic components examined may contribute to the protection to some extent. However, heat-labile components such as hemolysin and outer membrane proteins may play a crucial role in protection against acute challenge infection.
Remote Loading of Small‐Molecule Therapeutics into Cholesterol‐Enriched Cell‐Membrane‐Derived Vesicles (2017)

The increasing popularity of biomimetic design principles in nanomedicine has led to therapeutic platforms with enhanced performance and biocompatibility. This includes the use of naturally derived cell membranes, which can bestow nanocarriers with cell-specific functionalities. Herein, we report on a strategy enabling efficient encapsulation of drugs via remote loading into membrane vesicles derived from red blood cells. This is accomplished by supplementing the membrane with additional cholesterol, stabilizing the nanostructure and facilitating the retention of a pH gradient. We demonstrate the loading of two model drugs: the chemotherapeutic doxorubicin and the antibiotic vancomycin. The therapeutic implications of these natural, remote-loaded nanoformulations are studied both in vitro and in vivo using animal disease models. Ultimately, this approach could be used to design new biomimetic nanoformulations with higher efficacy and improved safety profiles.
International Eurasia Press Fund Works in Azerbaijan (2007)

Problems with explosive remnants of war in Azerbaijan stem from emplacement of mines by the Soviet Union between 1988 and 1994. Mines were used along Azerbaijan’s expansive border region and military installations. More recently, ERW have been left behind from Azerbaijan’s battles over territorial integrity. The International Eurasia Press Fund has developed a program to address the needs of mine victims in one of the country’s most heavily mined regions. The Mine Victims’ Association of the Terter district is working to rehabilitate victims in numerous ways, providing participants with the skills and information they need to lead productive, independent lives that take full advantage of their individual talents and interests.
Boron nitride nanotubes enhance mechanical properties of fibers from nanotube/polyvinyl alcohol dispersions (2021)

Effectively translating the promising properties of boron nitride nanotubes (BNNTs) into macroscopic assemblies has vast potential for applications, such as thermal management materials and protective fabrics against hazardous environment. We spun fibers from aqueous dispersions of BNNTs in polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) solutions by a wet spinning method. Our results demonstrate that BNNTs/PVA fibers exhibit enhanced mechanical properties, which are affected by the nanotube and PVA concentrations, and the coagulation solvent utilized. Compared to the neat PVA fibers, we obtained roughly 4.3-, 12.7-, and 1.5-fold increases in the tensile strength, Young's modulus, and toughness, respectively, for the highest performing BNNTs/PVA fibers produced from dispersions containing as low as 0.1 mass% of nanotube concentration. Among the coagulation solvents tested, we found that solvents with higher polarity such as methanol and ethanol generally produced fibers with improved mechanical properties, where the fiber toughness shows a strong correlation with solvent polarity. These findings provide insights into assembling BNNTs-based fibers with improved mechanical properties for developing unique applications.