gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
The PRIORI Emotion Dataset: Linking Mood to Emotion Detected In-the-Wild (2018)

Bipolar Disorder is a chronic psychiatric illness characterized by pathological mood swings associated with severe disruptions in emotion regulation. Clinical monitoring of mood is key to the care of these dynamic and incapacitating mood states. Frequent and detailed monitoring improves clinical sensitivity to detect mood state changes, but typically requires costly and limited resources. Speech characteristics change during both depressed and manic states, suggesting automatic methods applied to the speech signal can be effectively used to monitor mood state changes. However, speech is modulated by many factors, which renders mood state prediction challenging. We hypothesize that emotion can be used as an intermediary step to improve mood state prediction. This paper presents critical steps in developing this pipeline, including (1) a new in the wild emotion dataset, the PRIORI Emotion Dataset, collected from everyday smartphone conversational speech recordings, (2) activation/valence emotion recognition baselines on this dataset (PCC of 0.71 and 0.41, respectively), and (3) significant correlation between predicted emotion and mood state for individuals with bipolar disorder. This provides evidence and a working baseline for the use of emotion as a meta-feature for mood state monitoring.
A dual X-ray backscatter system for detecting explosives: Image and discrimination of a suspicious content (2011)

Most of luggage inspection systems, searching for presence of an explosive threat, are based either on X-ray transmission technologies, such as radiography and computed tomography, or X-ray diffraction analysis (small angle coherent scattering). These techniques have limitations, especially in case of large or dense objects or if they are placed close to a wall not allowing access to the rear side for radiography (for instance an abandoned luggage). Portable systems using backscattered X-rays can be alternative solutions to analyze a suspicious object from one side, without any contact, especially in Homeland Security applications. Such systems are not currently available. X-ray backscatter imaging, unlike X-ray radiography, reveals low Z materials, as explosives, hidden inside a luggage or behind a screen. Moreover, a specific analysis of backscattered spectra can give information about the suspicious material localized in the backscatter image, in order to discriminate whether it is explosive or inert. In this article, we present these two processes, dedicated to imaging and discrimination, developed as laboratory prototypes. They are based on the use of a manufactured portable X-ray tube. Experimental results are presented, demonstrating the performance and potentialities of such a dual system.
Adaptive Pitch Control of Variable-Speed Wind Turbines (2008)

The aerodynamic efficiency of a variable-speed wind turbine operating in Region 2, or below-rated wind speeds, is greatly affected by the identification of accurate parameters for the controller. In particular, the power coefficient (Cp) surface must be well known for optimal efficiency to be achieved with a constant-gain controller. However, adaptive control can overcome the inefficiencies caused by inaccurate knowledge of the Cp surface. Previous work focused on adaptive torque gain control to cause a variable-speed turbine to operate, on average, at the tip-speed ratio λ* for which the maximum Cp occurs. This paper considers the effects of adaptive blade pitch angle control on a turbine’s aerodynamic efficiency. Computer simulations and tests on a field turbine are used to verify the adaptive pitch control scheme. Simulation and field test results demonstrate that the adaptive pitch controller causes the pitch angle to approach its optimal value. Adaptive pitch control can be used to seek the optimal pitch angle for energy capture in Region 2 operation. Additional field operation is required before a statistically significant improvement in energy capture can be demonstrated.
Using the Customer-Centric Approach to Design Interactive Voice Response Systems (2001)

This paper introduces and illustrates the practical application of the Customer-Centric approach to designing Interactive Voice Response (IVR) systems, illustrated here as an auto-attendant function. This five-step approach to IVR menu design produces menu options that match the tasks customers are trying to accomplish. In addition, the options are grouped and ordered by the frequency of customers' tasks, and they are worded in the language of the customer. Consequently, customers make the correct selection and reach the correct service entity without additional assistance. Results indicate that the Customer-Centric approach, relative to more traditional IVR design approaches, is associated with measurable improvements in call-routing accuracy and customer satisfaction. Such improvements significantly reduce the volume of misdirected calls and enhance a company's relationship with its customers.
Integrated Ammonia Synthesis and Separation (2019)

Ammonia is made by combining nitrogen and hydrogen at high pressure. In the conventional process on the left, these gases are partially reacted at about 400 °C, and ammonia is recovered by condensation at −20 °C. In an alternative shown in the center, the reactor is the same, but the more complete separation is conducted by absorption in metal chlorides at about 150–400 °C. In this work, both reaction and absorption are integrated to occur in the same vessel at 400 °C. Experiments are conducted by combining a conventional Fe-based catalyst with NiCl2 and MgCl2 sorbents in a semibatch reactor in the presence of stoichiometric nitrogen and hydrogen gases. This alternative has synthesis rates comparable with the other two but with a lower capital investment necessary for distributed ammonia synthesis using solar or wind energy.
Reactive Ion Etching of Lead Zirconate Titanate (PZT) Thin Film Capacitors (1993)

One of the key processing concerns in the integration of thin film capacitors into the existing VLSI for ferroelectric or dynamic random access memory applications is the patterning of these films and the electrodes. In this work, we have identified a suitable etch gas for dry etching of PZT thin films on electrodes. The etch rate and anisotropy have been studied as a function of etching conditions. The trends in the effect on the etch rate of the gas pressure, RF power and additions to the etch gas have been determined and an etching mechanism has been proposed. It was found that ion bombardment effects are primarily responsible for the etching of both PZT and thin films. Etch rates of the order of 20–30 nm/min were obtained for PZT thin films under low gas pressure and high RF power conditions. The etch residues and the relative etch rates of the components of the PZT solid solution were determined using XPS. The results show that the etching of is the limiting factor in the etch process.
A Hybrid Deep Physics Neural Network Model for Unsupervised Autoencoder to Perform Data Conditioning (2019)

Denoising, smoothing, missing data, and outlier issues that occur in many fields involve finding models for noise and data. However, the models often make assumptions of the noise, such as white noise, Gaussian noise, etc. Numerical methods [wavelets, Fourier transforms, Kalman filter, principal component analysis (PCA), etc.] are available for data conditioning. However, they suffer from inaccuracies. This paper presents a new approach, in which a hybrid physics-based model and deep physics neural network (DPNN) model are used to simultaneously build a data conditioning autoencoder (DPNNAE) based on DPNN for enhancing the signal strength, compared to a conventional autoencoder (AE). It necessitates integration of domain-specific physics-based models with a data-driven approach. A one-dimensional (1D) stochastic Burgers equation is used as a prototype for demonstrating the new algorithm but can be easily applied to other systems. This paper provides a new data conditioning approach that performs denoising, smoothing, data imputation, and outlier removal using DPNN and AE. This approach offers an improved and efficient methodology to arrive at the noise-free data and fills the missing data. During this work, the DPNN was applied to predict noise-free velocity in the unsteady viscous stochastic Burgers equation. The loss function is obtained from the physics models produced from domain insight and measured data. Thus, the deep neural network (DNN) framework integrates physics-based models into its framework. The hybrid DPNN model uses measured data from sensors; both measured data and physics are simultaneously satisfied by the model resulting in noise-free measured data. The conditioned data can be further used to build the DPNNAE model for further conditioning, and the DPNN can be used for filling the missing data. The DPNN method outperformed other common denoising algorithms. The new hybrid modeling data conditioning algorithm developed during this work can be applied to any real-time modeling system with real-time measurements for denoising.
New results on blind interference-mitigating CDMA detector (2002)

This paper presents an enhanced version of the blind adaptive interference detector (BAID) for direct-sequence code division multiple access (DS-CDMA) transmission. Such a new detector, named extended complex BAID (EC-BAID), reveals resistant to a possible large frequency shift (e.g., Doppler shift) on interfering carriers, and features invariance to a phase error on the useful channel's carrier. The EC-BAID is also shown to bear a sensitivity to residual carrier frequency errors on the desired channel which is lower by three orders of magnitude with respect to the data-aided minimum mean square error (DA-MMSE) receiver. The performance of the EC-BAID was numerically assessed by computer simulations and successfully compared to analytical findings under a variety of system configurations. It turned out that the EC-BAID, despite its blind operating mode, bears an uncoded symbol error rate (SER) performance that closely approaches DA-MMSEs. Finally, a few implementation aspects of the new interference-mitigating detector are also discussed.
The design of a peptide sequence to inhibit HIV replication: a search algorithm combining Monte Carlo and self-consistent mean field techniques (2013)

We developed a search algorithm combining Monte Carlo (MC) and self-consistent mean field techniques to evolve a peptide sequence that has good binding capability to the anticodon stem and loop (ASL) of human lysine tRNA species, tRNA(Lys3), with the ultimate purpose of breaking the replication cycle of human immunodeficiency virus-1. The starting point is the 15-amino-acid sequence, RVTHHAFLGAHRTVG, found experimentally by Agris and co-workers to bind selectively to hypermodified tRNA(Lys3). The peptide backbone conformation is determined via atomistic simulation of the peptide-ASL(Lys3) complex and then held fixed throughout the search. The proportion of amino acids of various types (hydrophobic, polar, charged, etc.) is varied to mimic different peptide hydration properties. Three different sets of hydration properties were examined in the search algorithm to see how this affects evolution to the best-binding peptide sequences. Certain amino acids are commonly found at fixed sites for all three hydration states, some necessary for binding affinity and some necessary for binding specificity. Analysis of the binding structure and the various contributions to the binding energy shows that: 1) two hydrophilic residues (asparagine at site 11 and the cysteine at site 12) "recognize" the ASL(Lys3) due to the VDW energy, and thereby contribute to its binding specificity and 2) the positively charged arginines at sites 4 and 13 preferentially attract the negatively charged sugar rings and the phosphate linkages, and thereby contribute to the binding affinity.
Cognitive Positioning Systems (2007)

Location awareness is one of the essential characteristics of cognitive radios. In this paper, an innovative cognitive positioning system (CPS) that achieves accuracy adaptation in both indoor and outdoor environments is proposed as a step towards realization of location awareness in cognitive radios. The proposed CPS is composed of two modes; bandwidth determination and enhanced dynamic spectrum management (EDSM). Bandwidth determination equations are derived through Cramer-Rao Lower Bound (CRLB) for both additive white Gaussian noise (AWGN) and multipath channels. An EDSM system providing the optimum available bandwidth to the CPS is proposed. Overlay spectrum access based EDSM (O-EDSM) and hybrid overlay and underlay spectrum access based EDSM (H-EDSM) are two schemes that are introduced. A switching mechanism that manages the transition between underlay and overlay spectrum usage modes for the H-EDSM algorithm is presented. The theoretical analysis of the mechanism is carried out using Two-slope model. Simulation results, challenges and complexity options for the implementation of the CPS are outlined. Our study reveals the existence of a trade-off between the accuracy and complexity in the cognitive positioning systems.
Overexpression of<i>PtrMYB119</i>, a R2R3-MYB transcription factor from<i>Populus trichocarpa</i>, promotes anthocyanin production in hybrid poplar (2016)

Anthocyanins are a group of colorful and bioactive natural pigments with important physiological and ecological functions in plants. We found an MYB transcription factor (PtrMYB119) from Populus trichocarpa that positively regulates anthocyanin production when expressed under the control of the CaMV 35S promoter in transgenic Arabidopsis Amino acid sequence analysis revealed that PtrMYB119 is highly homologous to Arabidopsis PAP1 (PRODUCTION OF ANTHOCYANIN PIGMENT1), a well-known transcriptional activator of anthocyanin biosynthesis. Independently produced transgenic poplars overexpressing PtrMYB119 or PtrMYB120 (a paralogous gene to PtrMYB119) (i.e., 35S::PtrMYB119 and 35S::PtrMYB120, respectively) showed elevated accumulation of anthocyanins in the whole plants, including leaf, stem and even root tissues. Using a reverse-phase high-performance liquid chromatography, we confirmed that the majority of the accumulated anthocyanin in our transgenic poplar is cyanidin-3-O-glucoside. Gene expression analyses revealed that most of the genes involved in the anthocyanin biosynthetic pathway were highly upregulated in 35S::PtrMYB119 poplars compared with the nontransformed control poplar. Among these genes, expression of PtrCHS1 (Chalcone Synthase1) and PtrANS2 (Anthocyanin Synthase2), which catalyze the initial and last steps of anthocyanin biosynthesis, respectively, was upregulated by up to 350-fold. Subsequent transient activation assays confirmed that PtrMYB119 activated the transcription of both PtrCHS1 and PtrANS2 Interestingly, expression of MYB182, a repressor of both anthocyanin and proanthocyanidin (PA) biosynthesis, was largely suppressed in 35S::PtrMYB119 poplars, while expression of MYB134, an activator of PA biosynthesis, was not changed significantly. More interestingly, high-level accumulation of anthocyanins in 35S::PtrMYB119 poplars did not have an adverse effect on plant growth. Taken together, our results demonstrate that PtrMYB119 and PtrMYB120 function as transcriptional activators of anthocyanin accumulation in both Arabidopsis and poplar.
Targeted disruption of H3 receptors results in changes in brain histamine tone leading to an obese phenotype (2002)

Histamine is an aminergic neurotransmitter that is localized in the CNS and in peripheral tissues. To date, four histamine receptors have been identified, and the H3 receptor, which was recently cloned, is predominantly expressed in the CNS. The peripheral functions of histamine have been investigated intensively using available molecular and pharmacological tools, and the molecular identification of the H3 receptor opens up new possibilities for investigating the role of histamine in central tissues. To understand the biological function of the histamine presynaptic autoreceptor H3, we inactivated the receptor through homologous recombination. H3(-/-) mice manifest mild obese phenotypes that are characterized by increases in body weight, food intake, and adiposity and by reductions in energy expenditure. Consistent with these observations, homozygous null mice have insulin and leptin resistance, increased levels of plasma leptin and insulin, and decreased levels of histamine in the hypothalamic/thalamic region of their brains coupled with increased histamine turnover. The expression of UCP1 in brown adipose tissue and of UCP3 in brown adipose tissue, white adipose tissue, and skeletal muscle is decreased in H3(-/-) mutants, and the anorexigenic activity of thioperamide is not observed. These results suggest that neuronal histamine is a mediator of body-weight homeostasis and that neuronal histamine functions through H3 receptors in mice.
Kv1.3 inhibitors: en route to clinical trials (2014)

The voltage-gated potassium channel Kv1.3 represents a promising target for the treatment of autoimmune diseases like multiple sclerosis, rheumatoid arthritis, uveitis and psoriasis as it is a crucial player in maintaining the activation signal within T-cells, allowing for a selective suppression of autoimmunity and thus minimizing the potential for opportunistic infections during therapy. The Lead Optimization Program for two small molecule hit classes resulted in a fine-tuning of activity, selectivity and physicochemical and PK properties. Selected representatives display highly encouraging ameliorative effects within a set of animal models relevant in the context of autoimmune diseases, comparable or even favourable over positive controls like methotrexate, betamethasone or tacrolimus. Such inhibitors showed excellent tolerability in rats upon oral treatment with high doses for up to a month, had no effect on haematology and clinical biochemistry parameters and did not affect cells of the innate immunity or naive T-cells, clearly emphasizing their unique selling point, which is a highly specific immunosuppression of autoreactive T-cells.
Nomenclature of Interpenetrating Polymer Networks (1973)

A nomenclature scheme for various types of interpenetrating polymer networks (IPN) based on morphology, topology, and method of synthesis is presented. In this scheme, IPN is the generic name of all polyblends of this type, regardless of their origin, as opposed to Sperling's recent classification of polyblends and graft copolymers, (Polymer Preprints, 14, (2), August, 1973), in which the various types of IPN's are given separate classifications under the generic heading of polyblends.
Poly(phenylene ether) Based Amphiphilic Block Copolymers (2017)

Polyphenylene ether (PPE) telechelic macromonomers are unique hydrophobic polyols which have been used to prepare amphiphilic block copolymers. Various polymer compositions have been synthesized with hydrophilic blocks. Their macromolecular nature affords a range of structures including random, alternating, and di- and triblock copolymers. New macromolecular architectures can offer tailored property profiles for optimum performance. Besides reducing moisture uptake and making the polymer surface more hydrophobic, the PPE hydrophobic segment has good compatibility with polystyrene (polystyrene-philic). In general, the PPE contributes to the toughness, strength, and thermal performance. Hydrophilic segments go beyond their affinity for water. Improvements in the interfacial adhesion between polymers and polar substrates via hydrogen bonding and good compatibility with polyesters (polyester-philic) have been exhibited. The heterogeneity of domains in these PPE based block copolymer offers important contributions to diverse applications.
Abstract 115: A Decrease in Mitochondrial, but Not Cytosolic, Iron Protects Against Cardiac Ischemia-reperfusion Damage Through a Reduction in Ros (2015)

Introduction: Iron is essential for the activity of several cellular proteins, but excess free iron can cause cellular damage through production of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Iron accumulation in mitochondria, the major site of cellular iron homeostasis, leads to cardiomyopathy. However, it is not known whether a reduction in baseline mitochondrial iron (as opposed to iron in other cellular compartments) can protect against ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) injury in the heart. We hypothesized that since mitochondria are the major site of iron homeostasis and that mitochondrial iron can lead to oxidative damage, a reduction in mitochondrial iron at baseline would be sufficient to protect against I/R injury. Results: Transgenic (TG) mice with cardiomyocyte-specific overexpression of the mitochondrial iron export protein ATP-binding cassette (ABC)-B8 had significantly lower mitochondrial iron in the heart than nontransgenic (NTG) littermates at baseline, but their cardiac function and the expression of key antioxidant systems were similar to NTG littermates. In response to I/R, TG mice displayed significantly less apoptosis and lipid peroxidation products and better preserved cardiac function than NTG littermates, suggesting that a reduction in mitochondrial iron protects against I/R injury. To confirm these results, we next took a pharmacological approach to assess the effects of a reduction in mitochondrial vs cytosolic iron on the response to I/R using 2,2’-bipyridyl (BPD, a mitochondria-accessible iron chelator) and deferoxamine (DFO, an iron chelator that can only reduce cytosolic iron). Mice pretreated with BPD but not DFO are protected against I/R injury. In addition, BPD but not DFO treatment in rat cardiomyoblast H9C2 cells significantly lowered chelatable mitochondrial iron and protected against H2O2 induced cell death. These results suggest that a reduction in baseline mitochondrial, but not cytosolic, iron is sufficient to protect against I/R injury. Conclusions: Our findings demonstrate that selective reduction in mitochondrial iron is protective in I/R injury. Thus, targeting mitochondrial iron with selective iron chelators may provide a novel approach for treatment of ischemic heart disease.
Alloy Modeling and Experimental Correlation for Ductility Enhancement in Near Stoichiometric Single Crystal Nickel Aluminide (1991)

The objective of this research was to evaluate the applicability of theoretical approaches based on first principles to understand the ductility problem in intermetallic compounds. The predictive approach is based on all electron total energy band structure calculations. Predictions were evaluated on single crystals of nickel aluminum alloys. Calculations of anti-phase boundary (APB) energy in binary NiAl and the effects of ternary alloying additions on APB energy were performed. Experimental work on the effects of Cr and V additions, predicted by the calculations to reduce APB energy, was conducted. Studies aimed at exploiting the stress induced martensite transformation in NiAl to increase low temperature toughness were also conducted. Results from the calculations were found to be in good agreement with known stoichiometric effects on the transformation in binary alloys and suggested potentially beneficial ternary and quaternary alloying additions. The investigation of the role of Chromium in promoting slip in NiAl was continued. Experiments to more fully understand this effect were performed. Additional calculations were conducted to clarify the stress induced martensite effect. Calculations aimed at understanding the role of charge density distributions and bond directionality in NiAl were also initiated. Work to determine the role of microalloying in promoting ductility in NiAl was initiated, through calculations of their effect on local charge distribution and experimental work to determine their effect on slip and fracture behavior.