gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Quantitative ELISA-polymerase chain reaction at saturation using homologous internal DNA standards and chemiluminescence revelation. (1998)

In this report, we describe the development and validation of a convenient, versatile and high throughput quantitative polymerase chain reaction (PCR) method. This assay is based on the use of only one concentration of an internal homologous standard (IS) easily obtained by replacing an 18 nt specific sequence using recombinant PCR. Target and IS amplicons are quantitated at the PCR plateau phase using ELISA which includes a hybridization step with either target or IS specific probes and luminometric revelation. Luminometry allows measurement of amplicon levels without the need for serial dilutions. Experimental values were obtained by comparing their target/IS signal ratios to those of an external scale. A linear dynamic range over four orders of magnitude and good reproducibility were obtained. We used this assay to investigate variations of IL-13 mRNA expression in HIV-infected patients under highly active antiretroviral therapy. Furthermore, we also report a variant of this method using Taqman assay in the ABI PRISM 7,700 apparatus.
Size-dependence of Raman scattering from graphene quantum dots: Interplay between shape and thickness (2013)

Raman-scattering behaviors have been studied in graphene quantum dots (GQDs) by varying their average size (d) from 5 to 35 nm. The peak frequencies of D and 2D bands are almost irrespective of d, and the intensity of the D band is larger than that of the G band over almost full range of d. These results suggest that GQDs are defective, possibly resulting from the dominant contributions from the edge states at the periphery of GQDs. The G band shows a maximum peak frequency at d = ∼17 nm, whilst the full-width half maximum of the G band and the peak-intensity ratio of the D to G bands are minimized at d = ∼17 nm. Since the average thickness of GQDs (t) is proportional to d, t can act as a factor affecting the d-dependent Raman-scattering behaviors, but they cannot be explained solely by the t variation. We propose that the abrupt changes in the Raman-scattering behaviors of GQDs at d = ∼17 nm originate from size-dependent edge-state variation of GQDs at d = ∼17 nm as d increases.
Cell Suspensions of Cannabis sativa (var. Futura): Effect of Elicitation on Metabolite Content and Antioxidant Activity (2019)

Cannabis sativa L. is one of the most-studied species for its phytochemistry due to the abundance of secondary metabolites, including cannabinoids, terpenes and phenolic compounds. In the last decade, fiber-type hemp varieties have received interest for the production of many specialized secondary metabolites derived from the phenylpropanoid pathway. The interest in these molecules is due to their antioxidant activity. Since secondary metabolite synthesis occurs at a very low level in plants, the aim of this study was to develop a strategy to increase the production of such compounds and to elucidate the biochemical pathways involved. Therefore, cell suspensions of industrial hemp (C. sativa L. var. Futura) were produced, and an advantageous elicitation strategy (methyl jasmonate, MeJA) in combination with precursor feeding (tyrosine, Tyr) was developed. The activity and expression of phenylalanine ammonia-lyase (PAL) and tyrosine aminotransferase (TAT) increased upon treatment. Through 1H-NMR analyses, some aromatic compounds were identified, including, for the first time, 4-hydroxyphenylpyruvate (4-HPP) in addition to tyrosol. The 4-day MeJA+Tyr elicited samples showed a 51% increase in the in vitro assay (2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl, DPPH) radical scavenging activity relative to the control and a 80% increase in the cellular antioxidant activity estimated on an ex vivo model of human erythrocytes. Our results outline the active metabolic pathways and the antioxidant properties of hemp cell extracts under the effect of specific elicitors.
A High‐Energy Room‐Temperature Sodium‐Sulfur Battery (2013)

Employing small sulfur molecules as the active cathode component for room-temperature Na-S batteries, reveals a novel mechanism that is verified for the batteries' electrochemistry. The sulfur cathode enables a complete two-electron reaction to form Na2 S, bringing a tripled specific capacity and an increased specific energy compared with traditional high-temperature Na-S batteries. At the same time, it offers better cycling stability endowing the batteries with a longer lifespan.
Distributed family wallet architecture and secure inter-purse operations (2002)

This paper presents a new electronic wallet concept called distributed family wallet (DFW). More than classical operations allowed by current e-wallets, DFW provides inter-purse operations allowing digital tokens to be securely transferred between several purses in the family environment.
<title>Hybrid information privacy system: integration of chaotic neural network and RSA coding</title> (2005)

Electronic mails are adopted worldwide; most are easily hacked by hackers. In this paper, we purposed a free, fast and convenient hybrid privacy system to protect email communication. The privacy system is implemented by combining private security RSA algorithm with specific chaos neural network encryption process. The receiver can decrypt received email as long as it can reproduce the specified chaos neural network series, so called spatial-temporal keys. The chaotic typing and initial seed value of chaos neural network series, encrypted by the RSA algorithm, can reproduce spatial-temporal keys. The encrypted chaotic typing and initial seed value are hidden in watermark mixed nonlinearly with message media, wrapped with convolution error correction codes for wireless 3rd generation cellular phones. The message media can be an arbitrary image. The pattern noise has to be considered during transmission and it could affect/change the spatial-temporal keys. Since any change/modification on chaotic typing or initial seed value of chaos neural network series is not acceptable, the RSA codec system must be robust and fault-tolerant via wireless channel. The robust and fault-tolerant properties of chaos neural networks (CNN) were proved by a field theory of Associative Memory by Szu in 1997. The 1-D chaos generating nodes from the logistic map having arbitrarily negative slope a = p/q generating the N-shaped sigmoid was given first by Szu in 1992. In this paper, we simulated the robust and fault-tolerance properties of CNN under additive noise and pattern noise. We also implement a private version of RSA coding and chaos encryption process on messages.
Metal‐Organic Frameworks: A Rapidly Growing Class of Versatile Nanoporous Materials (2010)

Metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) represent a new class of hybrid organic-inorganic supramolecular materials comprised of ordered networks formed from organic electron donor linkers and metal cations. They can exhibit extremely high surface areas, as well as tunable pore size and functionality, and can act as hosts for a variety of guest molecules. Since their discovery, MOFs have enjoyed extensive exploration, with applications ranging from gas storage to drug delivery to sensing. This review covers advances in the MOF field from the past three years, focusing on applications, including gas separation, catalysis, drug delivery, optical and electronic applications, and sensing. We also summarize recent work on methods for MOF synthesis and computational modeling.
Self-Supervised Exploration via Disagreement (2019)

Efficient exploration is a long-standing problem in sensorimotor learning. Major advances have been demonstrated in noise-free, non-stochastic domains such as video games and simulation. However, most of these formulations either get stuck in environments with stochastic dynamics or are too inefficient to be scalable to real robotics setups. In this paper, we propose a formulation for exploration inspired by the work in active learning literature. Specifically, we train an ensemble of dynamics models and incentivize the agent to explore such that the disagreement of those ensembles is maximized. This allows the agent to learn skills by exploring in a self-supervised manner without any external reward. Notably, we further leverage the disagreement objective to optimize the agent's policy in a differentiable manner, without using reinforcement learning, which results in a sample-efficient exploration. We demonstrate the efficacy of this formulation across a variety of benchmark environments including stochastic-Atari, Mujoco and Unity. Finally, we implement our differentiable exploration on a real robot which learns to interact with objects completely from scratch. Project videos and code are at https://pathak22.github.io/exploration-by-disagreement/
Uptake of purines in Plasmodium falciparum-infected human erythrocytes is mostly mediated by the human Equilibrative Nucleoside Transporter and the human Facilitative Nucleobase Transporter (2010)

Collectively, the data obtained in this study clearly show that the endogenous host erythrocyte transporters hENT1 and hFNT1, rather than the NPP, are the major route of entry of purine into parasitized RBC. Inhibitors of hENT1 and hFNT1, as well as the NPP, should be considered in the development of anti-malarials targeted to purine transport.
Stereoselective and Enantioselective Synthesis of <i>anti</i>-1-(Trifluoromethyl) Amino Alcohols (1998)

anti-(Trifluoromethyl) β-amino alcohols 2 have been prepared in good yields and with 90% diastereoisomeric excess through a reaction of 1-(trifluoromethyl) epoxy ethers 3 with dimethylaluminum amide, followed by the in situ chelation-controlled stereoselective reduction of the intermediate amino ketone. The salen-mediated chiral epoxidation of 1-(trifluoromethyl) enol ether 4a led to the homochiral epoxy ethers 11a and 12a in a good enantiomeric excess. Reaction with dimethylaluminum amide followed by a reduction step provided the chiral amino alcohols 15a and 16a, respectively.
Waiting for Godot: Cost‐Effectiveness Analysis in Education (2001)

Abstract Cost‐effectiveness analyses, especially in education, are too rare. Yet they offer powerful and valuable insights for evaluators and can provide information that is counter to common sense, popular appeal, and traditional ideas.
Nuclear RNA surveillance: role of TRAMP in controlling exosome specificity (2013)

The advent of high-throughput sequencing technologies has revealed that pervasive transcription generates RNAs from nearly all regions of eukaryotic genomes. Normally, these transcripts undergo rapid degradation by a nuclear RNA surveillance system primarily featuring the RNA exosome. This multimeric protein complex plays a critical role in the efficient turnover and processing of a vast array of RNAs in the nucleus. Despite its initial discovery over a decade ago, important questions remain concerning the mechanisms that recruit and activate the nuclear exosome. Specificity and modulation of exosome activity requires additional protein cofactors, including the conserved TRAMP polyadenylation complex. Recent studies suggest that helicase and RNA-binding subunits of TRAMP direct RNA substrates for polyadenylation, which enhances their degradation by Dis3/Rrp44 and Rrp6, the two exosome-associated ribonucleases. These findings indicate that the exosome and TRAMP have evolved highly flexible functions that allow recognition of a wide range of RNA substrates. This flexibility provides the nuclear RNA surveillance system with the ability to regulate the levels of a broad range of coding and noncoding RNAs, which results in profound effects on gene expression, cellular development, gene silencing, and heterochromatin formation. This review summarizes recent findings on the nuclear RNA surveillance complexes, and speculates upon possible mechanisms for TRAMP-mediated substrate recognition and exosome activation.
Predictable Reactive Ion Etching of GaAs and AlGaAs in HCl / Ar RF Discharges (1990)

The reactive ion etch rates of and in discharges have been studied as functions of RF power, gas mixture, and applied bias in a system employing an independently biased sample holder. The bias voltage, defined as the difference between the substrate and the time‐averaged plasma floating potentials, was found to best predict the etch rate. Electron density measurements are also related to the etch rate results.
A 360-degree panoramic video system design (2014)

In this paper, a low-complexity video stitching algorithm and its system prototype are proposed. With the novel design, users can obtain a high-resolution, high quality and seamless 360-degree panoramic video immediately by stitching the images with overlapped regions. Most of the present works are focused on image stitching instead of video stitching. In the proposed design, we develop some novel methods to solve the problems encountered in video stitching. First, we provide a new blending method to remove the color difference in video stitching. Moreover, we avoid the moving objects in the overlapped area by using the dynamic seam adjustment scheme. Finally, we remove the drift problem and obtain a better visual quality while displaying the 360 degree panoramic video scenes. The implementation results show that the entire system achieves 4-channel D1 30fps real-time video stitching on an Intel i7 3930K CPU 2.3GHz machine with 8GB DDR3 memory and Linux Ubuntu 12.10 operation system.
THE DEVELOPMENT OF A KARST FEATURE DATABASE FOR SOUTHEASTERN MINNESOTA (2002)

A karst feature database of southeastern Minnesota has been developed that allows sinkhole and other karst feature distributions to be displayed and analyzed across existing county boundaries in a geographic information system (GIS) environment. The central Database Management System (DBMS) is a relational GIS-based system interacting with three modules: GIS, statistical, and hydrogeologic modules. Data tables are stored in a Microsoft Access 2000 DBMS and linked to corresponding ArcView shape files. The current Karst Feature Database of Southeastern Minnesota was put on a Windows NT server accessible to researchers and planners through networked interfaces. Initial spatial analyses and visualizations of karst feature distributions in Southeastern Minnesota were conducted using data extracted from the karst feature database. A series of nearest-neighbor analyses indicates that sinkholes in southeastern Minnesota are not evenly distributed (i.e., they tend to be clustered). ArcInfo, ArcView and IRIS Explorer TM were used to generate a series of 2D and 3D maps depicting karst feature distributions in southeastern Minnesota using data exported from the GIS-based karst feature database. The resulting maps allow regional trends to be visualized and extend county-scale trends to larger state-wide scales.
Neurotoxicity after orthotopic liver transplantation. A comparison between cyclosporine and FK506. (1994)

Neurotoxicity represents a serious complication following orthotopic liver transplantation. Neurotoxicity may be evoked by various perioperative factors or develop due to drug-specific toxicity of immunosuppression. We evaluated the incidence of neurotoxicity in 121 patients, 61 randomly assigned to FK506 and 60 to CsA-based immunosuppression. The incidence of moderate or severe neurotoxicity was markedly higher in patients treated with FK506 in the early postoperative period (21.3% vs. 11.7% in patients receiving CsA), after retransplantation (100% vs. 0% in patients receiving CsA), and late (8 of 10 patients; P < or = 0.05 vs. CsA). Furthermore late neurotoxicity was highly associated with severe infections and MOFS, which had a lethal outcome in more than 50% of the patients. Patients who subsequently died developed neurologic symptoms in 67% of the cases. These patients also experienced moderate or severe neurotoxicity significantly more often in the early postoperative period compared with patients with a successful outcome (50% vs. 17.3%; P < or = 0.01). However, various blood and serum parameters, including ALT, bilirubin, urea, creatinine and glucose, when analyzed alone or in multivariate fashion, also correlated significantly with the incidence and severity of early postoperative neurotoxicity, indicating that neurotoxicity following LTX may be caused by various factors and is not exclusively a drug-specific side effect of immunosuppression.
Downsizing fuel cell capacity in a hybrid hydrogen vehicle by regenerative energy capture with super capacitor (2014)

As phase one of the CHIC (Clean hydrogen in European cities) project, eight Fuel Cell (FC) hybrid buses on route RV1 have been put in service in central London. One of the next steps is to assess and determine the viability of switching from conventional diesel-technology to fuel cell technology on other bus routes in London. This paper reports on a study where a laboratory sized FC hybrid system modelled on the London hydrogen bus (RV1) is used to explore potential opportunities. Specifically, this paper examines the performance and optimization of a FC hybrid propulsion solution having a smaller FC and various energy storage arrangements. The proposed design is a series hybrid system for the urban driving environment, with focus on transit buses. A Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cell (PEMFC) has been selected with a Super Capacitor (SC) as the energy storage technology. The hybrid propulsion system has also been simulated in PSCAD and the model validated using the laboratory sized system. Of particular focus is the control strategy of the hybrid propulsion system to optimise power delivery efficiency during operation and optimise hydrogen consumption. The paper concludes by examining how FC technology can be applied to transit buses with the model validated by experiment and evaluation of the viability of adapting the technology technically. This is a project that is being progressed and this paper will focus on simulation part of the project.
Active self-healing wire insulation (2005)

Electrical, optical and hydraulic conductors are vital components of most modern engineered systems. Damage to wiring and other conductors can degrade system performance, require expensive maintenance, and may cause catastrophic failures. This paper describes some efforts at developing active methods for self-healing wiring and conductor insulation. The concept is that there may be situations where it is beneficial to use self-healing cabling. One-part and two-part self-healing systems are fabricated and tested. Localized toughening in the face of localized damage has been realized in bench top experiments.
SAR TDC Architecture with Self-Calibration Employing Trigger Circuit (2017)

This paper presents a time-to-digital converter (TDC) architecture with reduced hardware suitable for timing built-in self-test (BIST) / built-out self-test (BOST) implementation. In order to reduce the number of buffers and D Flip-Flops (DFFs) in a conventional Flash TDC or Vernier TDC, successive approximation is applied to construct a successive approximation register (SAR) TDC. Besides, Vernier TDC has been added as the sub-circuit to form a (two-step SAR) + (SAR-Vernier) TDC architecture. Its self-calibration method for the linearity improvement is shown. We also propose to use a trigger circuit (originally used in an equivalent-time sampling oscilloscope) in front of the SAR TDC which enables to measure the timing effectively when two timing inputs are single-shot as well as repetitive clocks.
Design and implementation of low power consumption based on WIA-PA Networks (2010)

Energy problem is very important for routing protocol in WIA-PA Networks since these nodes only rely on their limited battery supply in bad environment. It is not possible for people to replace batteries. So how to make well use of the limited power and delay the lifetime of the WIA-PA networks became the focus of the people. This paper introduces the WIA-PA criterion from the Wireless Industrial Networking Alliance of China and analyses the energy depleting from hardware design to software design without affecting the performance of the WIA-PA networks.
Characterization of the DNA of a Nonoccluded Baculovirus, Hz-1V (1982)

The DNA of the nonoccluded baculovirus (Hz-1V) obtained from the IMC-Hz-1 cell line was characterized by physicochemical and restriction endonuclease techniques. Hz-1V DNA isolated from purified virus had buoyant densities of 1.58 and 1.54 g/ml in CsCl-ethidium bromide density gradients, which corresponded to supercoiled and to relaxed circular and linear DNA, respectively. Neutral CsCl equilibrium centrifugation indicated that the Hz-1V DNA had a buoyant density of 1.7024 g/ml, which corresponded to a guanine-plus-cytosine (G+C) content of 43%. Thermal denaturation indicated a high G+C domain(s) in the Hz-1V genomic DNA. The domain(s), which included about 11% of the total genomic DNA, exhibited a T(m) of 97 degrees C. The remaining portion (89%) of the DNA had a T(m) of 86.5 degrees C. The T(m)s corresponded to G+C contents of 42 and 67%, respectively. The mean genetic complexity of Hz-1V DNA determined by DNA reassociation kinetic analysis was found to be 152 x 10(6). A possible rapidly reassociating component comprising approximately 13% of the genome was observed. The mean molecular weights from restriction endonuclease digests were 159 x 10(6) for both HindIII and EcoRI. Genomic heterogeneity was found in both the wild-type Hz-1V stock and in two plaque isolates. Of 12 single-plaque isolates, 3 basic restriction endonuclease DNA fragment patterns were observed. The molecular size estimates from electron microscopic contour lengths of uncloned viral DNA ranged from 70 to 158 megadaltons, and the mode was the 130- to 140-megadalton class.
An introduction to the hadith of tariq ibn shihab (2015)

Among important hadiths in which Imam Ali (pbuh) described the qualities of Imam is Hadith Tariq Ibn Shihab. In this hadith, Imam (pbuh) described his attributes and personality, and introduced all qualities of imam using his specific terms and expressions.  Given the expressions Imam Ali (pbuh) used in this hadith to describe Imam, this hadith can be considered as a sa'b mustas'ab hadith. Keywords: Imam, hadith Tariq, introduction, Shiite, sa'b mustas'ab (unbearable)
Early Assessment of Service Performance Based on Simulation (2013)

Accurate and rapid evaluation of web service performance is a key problem of Service-Oriented Architecture (SOA), where services are continuously being (re-)designed and released, and integrated within heterogeneous environments. Unfortunately, pre-deployment testing of services is not suitable to evaluate service performance at both design time and runtime. As a result, often process designers get a reliable assessment of service performance only very late in the lifecycle, once services have been deployed, while customers cannot evaluate service behavior at selection time. In this paper we tackle these problems by proposing a methodology that generates a simulation script that can be used for an early assessment of service performance, and to negotiate and evaluate SLAs on service performance at runtime.