gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Abstract LB-354: A novel orally-bioavailable small-molecule inhibitor of Stat3 regresses human breast and lung cancer xenografts (2012)

Abstract Constitutive activation of STAT3, a member of the Signal Transducer and Activator of Transcription (STAT) family of proteins, occurs with a high frequency in diverse human tumors and is a molecular abnormality promoting carcinogenesis and tumor progression. Although STAT3 has been targeted for anticancer drug development, there is presently no STAT3 drug in the clinic. To identify potent therapeutics for tumors harboring constitutively-active STAT3, the key dimerization step in STAT3 activation was targeted in small-molecule drug development. A novel, orally bio-available small-molecule inhibitor has been identified that binds STAT3 SH2 domain with a KD of 504 nM. BP-1-102 blocks constitutively-active STAT3 signaling and selectively inhibits growth, survival, migration and invasion of diverse STAT3-dependent tumor cells in vitro. BP-1-102-mediated inhibition of aberrantly-active STAT3 in tumor cells suppresses the expression of c-Myc, Cyclin D1, Bcl-xL, Survivin, and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF). Further, treatment with BP-1-102 of breast cancer cells harboring aberrantly-active STAT3 disrupts STAT3-NFκB cross-talk and blocks the phosphorylation of focal adhesion kinase and paxillin, while enhancing E-cadherin expression. Intravenous or oral administration of BP-1-102 furnishes micromolar or microgram levels in tumor tissues and inhibits growth of human breast and lung tumor xenografts. Data together identify BP-1-102 as a small-molecule STAT3 inhibitor with a great potential for clinical development. The oral bioavailability represents a substantial advancement in the discovery of small-molecule STAT3 inhibitors as novel anticancer drugs. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 103rd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2012 Mar 31-Apr 4; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2012;72(8 Suppl):Abstract nr LB-354. doi:1538-7445.AM2012-LB-354
Assessing Quality of Colonoscopy (2008)

Purpose: At present, Withdrawal Time (WT) during Colonoscopy (C) is used as an indicator of quality, irrespective of whether clear or blurred images are seen. Moreover, the start of the WT phase is subjective and determined by the endoscopist making true inter-endoscopist and -institutional comparisons impossible. Aims: To develop a completely automated method to measure WT and to assess the fraction of the WT that consists of clear images. Methods: We have developed a completely automated, real-time image analysis system that detects when an endoscope is inside a patient and records the entire procedure as a digital video file. Using this system we have created a database of about 3000 anonymous endoscopies at Mayo Clinic Rochester (MCR). 75 video files obtained from two rooms over 4 consecutive days in 2007 were randomly selected from the database. 50 files represented Cs in an intact colon; from these 10 (3 smallest, 4 median and 3 largest) were selected based on size for review by a panel of 6 colonoscopists at MCR (MD). A review panel was created to document video frames marking (a) entry into cecum, (b) maximal extent and (c) extubation of colon. Algorithms were developed to determine maximal extent of intubation based on cessation of forward movement and clear or blurred state of the digital video image (Machine). Results: The MDs and Machine agreed on timing of extubation for all patients. For timing of “entry into cecum” and “maximal extent”, the 6 MDs and Machine had perfect agreement for 4/10 patients. In the remaining 6 patients, although MDs disagreed about one or both of these time points, Machine placed “maximal extent” between or at one of the MDs' coding of “entry into cecum” and “maximal extent” time points. The WT for the 10 Cs was 10.8 ± 10.5 and 7.0 ± 10.4 Min (Mean ± SD, range 2.8–36.4 and 1.7–35.5) for MDs using these time points respectively as the start of WT. Mean WT for Machine was 10.0 ± 9.6 Min (range 2.5–34.6). When blurry frames were removed, mean Machine WT was 5.1 ± 4.9 Min (range 0.8–13.3); 6/10 Cs had a Machine clear WT below 3 Min. Conclusion: (1) Algorithm-based, automated quality assessment of C is a novel, promising quality control method. (2) MD and Machine come to similar WT conclusions when human reviewers are in complete agreement regarding “entry of cecum” and “maximal extent” time points. (3) When human reviewers do not come to complete agreement regarding insertion time points, Machine always provides a time point that is similar to some of the reviewers. (4) WT as currently documented at MCR does not reflect the actual time that clear images of the mucosa are seen and provides a false sense of quality. Large studies that correlate Machine-based measures of quality with patient outcomes are needed.
Utility Optimization for Event-Driven Distributed Infrastructures (2006)

Event-driven distributed infrastructures are becoming increasingly important for information dissemination and application integration. We examine the problem of optimal resource allocation for such an infrastructure composed of an overlay of nodes. Resources, like CPU and network bandwidth, are consumed by both message flows and message consumers; therefore, we consider both rate control for flows and admission control for consumers. This makes the optimization problem difficult because the objective function is nonconcave and the constraint set is nonconvex. We present LRGP (Lagrangian Rates, Greedy Populations), a scalable and efficient distributed algorithm to maximize the total system utility. The key insight of our solution involves partitioning the optimization problem into two types of subproblems: a greedy allocation for consumer admission control and a Lagrangian allocation to compute the flow rates, and linking the subproblems in a manner that allows tradeoffs between consumer admission and flow rates while satisfying the nonconvex constraints. LRGP allows an autonomic approach to system management where nodes collaboratively optimize aggregate system performance. We evaluate the quality of results and convergence characteristics under various workloads.
PRESENTATION OF NEW DEVULCANIZATION PROCESS (1999)

Continuous devulcanization by shear flow stage reaction control technology for vulcanized rubber has been developed. Screw geometry and alignment, screw rotation, reaction temperature, internal pressure, and addition of process oil and devulcanizing agent are the most important factors for this process. This process can be applied to sulfur vulcanized rubbers such as EPDM, NR, SBR and IIR. This paper described the results of the devulcanization of EPDM rubber. The obtained devulcanized rubber was found to be even mixture of two components; one is linear chain which is soluble in toluene and whose average molecular weight is nearly equal to that of the original raw rubber, and the other is very loosely crosslinking network whose effective network chain density is about one twentieth of that of the virgin vulcanized rubber. The devulcanized rubber can be revulcanized by conventional curing process with sulfur-accelerator vulcanizing system. The revulcanized rubber exhibited excellent mechanical properties and formability nearly equal to virgin vulcanized one.
Vertical and Lateral Behavior of Unbonded Fiber-Reinforced Elastomeric Isolators (2017)

Fiber-reinforced elastomeric isolators (FREIs) are relatively lightweight, can be cut to the required size from larger pads, and can be placed unbonded (i.e., unfastened) between the supports. The two major geometric parameters that influence the vertical and lateral response of unbonded fiber-reinforced elastomeric isolators (U-FREIs) are the shape factor and the aspect ratio. The vertical response is strongly influenced by the shape factor, while the aspect ratio is the controlling parameter for the stable response of U-FREIs under lateral displacement. This paper describes an experimental study on the vertical and lateral response of U-FREIs under different loading conditions in both the lateral and vertical directions. Three U-FREIs, with different aspect ratios and shape factors, were tested using a multiload test apparatus. Results from vertical tests indicate that, in addition to the shape factor, the vertical stiffness is influenced by the vertical rate of loading. Furthermore, it was found that the static lateral offset did not significantly affect the vertical stiffness of the isolators considered. These observations are in part attributed to the composite action of the fiber reinforcement and the elastomer.
Real‐time analog holography and pattern recognition (2001)

The combination of a high-resolution charge-coupled device (CCD) camera and a phase-modulating liquid-crystal array allows holographic fringes to be detected and redisplayed in real time, replacing traditional recording techniques. A modified Mach–Zehnder (Leith–Upatnieks) architecture supplies the small object-to-reference beam angle necessary to produce fringes large enough to be processed accurately by the recording system. The optical system, developed to produce holograms and display holographic reconstructions in real time, is then slightly changed to become an optical pattern-recognition architecture. The real-time holography system and the optical correlator modifications are described in detail, and examples of experimental results are presented. © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 30: 20–24, 2001.
MUC1 oncoprotein is a druggable target in human prostate cancer cells (2009)

Human prostate cancers are dependent on the androgen receptor for their progression. The MUC1 heterodimeric oncoprotein is aberrantly overexpressed in prostate cancers; however, it is not known if MUC1 is of functional importance to these tumors. To assess dependence on MUC1, we synthesized an inhibitor, designated GO-201, which interacts directly with the MUC1-C subunit at its oligomerization domain. Treatment of MUC1-positive DU145 and PC3 prostate cancer cells with GO-201, and not an altered version, resulted in inhibition of proliferation. GO-201 also induced necrotic cell death that was associated with increases in reactive oxygen species, loss of mitochondrial transmembrane potential, and depletion of ATP. By contrast, GO-201 had no effect against MUC1-negative LNCaP, CWR22Rv1, and MDA-PCa-2b prostate cancer cells. Significantly, GO-201 treatment of DU145 and PC3 xenografts growing in nude mice resulted in complete tumor regression and prolonged lack of recurrence. These findings indicate that certain prostate cancer cells are dependent on MUC1-C for growth and survival and that directly targeting MUC1-C results in their death in vitro and in tumor models.
Comparison and Evaluation of Methods for Liver Segmentation From CT Datasets (2009)

<para xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> This paper presents a comparison study between 10 automatic and six interactive methods for liver segmentation from contrast-enhanced CT images. It is based on results from the “MICCAI 2007 Grand Challenge” workshop, where 16 teams evaluated their algorithms on a common database. A collection of 20 clinical images with reference segmentations was provided to train and tune algorithms in advance. Participants were also allowed to use additional proprietary training data for that purpose. All teams then had to apply their methods to 10 test datasets and submit the obtained results. Employed algorithms include statistical shape models, atlas registration, level-sets, graph-cuts and rule-based systems. All results were compared to reference segmentations five error measures that highlight different aspects of segmentation accuracy. All measures were combined according to a specific scoring system relating the obtained values to human expert variability. In general, interactive methods reached higher average scores than automatic approaches and featured a better consistency of segmentation quality. However, the best automatic methods (mainly based on statistical shape models with some additional free deformation) could compete well on the majority of test images. The study provides an insight in performance of different segmentation approaches under real-world conditions and highlights achievements and limitations of current image analysis techniques. </para>
Cell geometry designs for efficient plasma display panels (2002)

We investigate the performance of several nonstandard plasma display panel cell geometry designs involving two-dimensional variations of the standard coplanar-electrode design. A cell design with a modified shape of sustain electrodes is found to have ∼20% larger visible light generation efficiency without substantial increase of the operating voltages. Similar performance improvement is achieved by designs with different shapes of the upper dielectric, or by those involving two different dielectric layers. The dependence of cell performance on the design parameters of these structures is investigated.
Blind maximum-likelihood data recovery in OFDM (2008)

OFDM modulation combines the advantages of high achievable rates and relatively easy implementation. In this paper, we show how to perform blind maximum-likelihood data recovery in OFDM transmission from the output symbol and cyclic prefix. Our approach relies on decomposing the OFDM channel into two subchannels (cyclic and linear) that share the same input and are characterized by the same channel parameters. This fact enables us to estimate the channel parameters from one subchannel and substitute the estimate into the other, thus obtaining a nonlinear relationship involving the input and output data only. The relationship does not show any channel dependence whatsoever and can be exhaustively searched for the maximum likelihood estimate of the input. This shows that OFDM systems are completely identifiable using output data only, irrespective of the channel zeros, as long as the channel delay spread is less than the length of the cyclic prefix.
<title>Photocurrent estimation for a self-reset CMOS image sensor</title> (2002)

CMOS image sensors are capable of very high frame rate non- destructive readout. This capability and the potential of integrating memory and signal processing with the sensor on the same chip enable the implementation of many still and video imaging applications. An important example is dynamic range extension, where several images are captured during a normal exposure time - shorter exposure time images capture the brighter areas of the scene while longer exposure time images capture the darker areas of the scene. These images are then combined to form a high dynamic range image. Dynamic range is extended at the high end by detecting saturation, and at the low end using linear estimation algorithms that reduce read noise. With the need to reduce pixel size and integrate more functionality with the sensor, CMOS image sensors need to follow the CMOS technology scaling trend. Well capacity, however, decreases with technology scaling as pixel size and supply voltages are reduced. As a result, SNR decreases potentially to the point where even peak SNR is inadequate. In this paper, we propose a self-reset pixel architecture, which when combined with multiple non-destructive captures can increase peak SNR as well as enhance dynamic range. Under high illumination, self-resetting 'recycles' the well during integration resulting in higher effective well capacity, and thus higher SNR. A recursive photocurrent estimation algorithm that takes into consideration the additional noise due to self- resetting is described. Simulation results demonstrate the SNR increase throughout the enhanced photocurrent range with 10dB increase in peak SNR using 32 captures.
Low-complexity linear frequency domain equalization for continuous phase modulation (2009)

In this paper, we develop a new low-complexity linear frequency domain equalization (FDE) approach for continuous phase modulated (CPM) signals. As a CPM signal is highly correlated, calculating a linear minimum mean square error (MMSE) channel equalizer requires the inversion of a nondiagonal matrix, even in the frequency domain. In order to regain the FDE advantage of reduced computational complexity, we show that this matrix can be approximated by a block-diagonal matrix without performance loss. Moreover, our MMSE equalizer can be simplified to a low-complexity zero-forcing equalizer. The proposed techniques can be applied to any CPM scheme. To support this theory we present a new polyphase matrix model, valid for any block-based CPM system. Simulation results in a 60 GHz environment show that our reduced-complexity MMSE equalizer significantly outperforms the state of the art linear MMSE receiver for large modulation indices, while it performs only slightly worse for small ones.
Approaches to In-Process Measurement of Surface Roughness in Cylindrical Grinding (2010)

The purpose of this study is to develop an in-process of measurement technique of surface roughness using thermoelectric effect in cylindrical grinding. The electromotive force (EMF) generates depend on the surface roughness of workpiece and the variation of workpiece temperature when the sensor with thermocouple wires rubs on the workpiece surface in grinding process. In this paper, the in-process measurement technique of surface roughness in cylindrical plunge grinding is proposed, conceiving the cancellation of the EMF caused by the variation of workpiece temperature in the sensor output. Also a new type in-process sensor was developed for high accuracy to overcome the problem which was clarified in the cancellation method of the influence of workpiece temperature at a basic sensor.
Schiff Base-Poloxamer P85 Combination Prevents Prostate Cancer Progression in C57/Bl6 Mice (2016)

Overall, Heterodinuclear copper(II)Mn(II) complex-P85 exerted remarkable anti-cancer activity in vivo in C57/B16 mice. Prostate 76:1454-1463, 2016. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Non contact monitoring of respiratory function via depth sensing (2014)

Monitoring respiratory events is of clinical importance in the early detection of potentially fatal conditions. Current technologies involve contact sensors the individual must wear constantly. Such a requirement can lead to patient discomfort, and consequently may fail due to a variety of reasons including refusal to wear the monitoring device. Elderly patients and neo-natal infants are even more likely to suffer from the adverse effects of continued monitoring. Unobtrusive, non-contact, remote-sensing-based methods are increasingly needed for monitoring patient respiratory function at homes, which can in turn help to establish patterns over time. We propose to use active-stereo-based depth sensing system for forced flow-volume loop measurements and for semi-automatic and automatic assessment of abnormal breathing patterns.
Homogeneous negative refractive index materials (2010)

We examined materials which are homogeneous and which posses a negative index of refraction in (10-100) THz frequency range based on the following two ideas. Firstly, there are materials such as magnetic semiconductors (e.g. In2-xCrxO3,), and 3D transition metals (Fe, Ni), in which the high-frequency spin wave modes coexist with the plasmonic modes. Consequently, the spin wave mode, along with the plasmonic mode, are activated by the electromagnetic field of the light, with simultaneous negative permittivity and permeability responses at the edge of the Brillouin zone of the magnon spectra. This permeability response is weakly space-dispersive and anisotropic in the case of a single crystal, and is fully isotropic in a polycrystal with a small grain size. As a result, the polycrystalline material exhibits the negative refractive index effect within the narrow frequency band close to the ferromagnetic resonance. Secondly, based on methods of quantum optics, we investigated the possibility of achieving the negative index of refraction in a doped semiconductor. The quantum states of a hydrogen-like donor atom and states of an electron in the conduction band constitute a discrete-level atomic medium, and the coupling of an electric dipole transition with a magnetic dipole transition leads to coherent permeability and permittivity responses which results in the negative index effect. This scheme was implemented with tin-zinc-doped indium oxide, In2-xSnxO3 :Zn, and calculations show feasibility of this effect with a figure of merit (FOM) greater than 10.
Presence of nicotianamine synthase isozymes and their homologues in the root of graminaceous plants (1999)

Abstract Nicotianamine synthase (NAS) catalyzes the synthesis of nicotianamine, which is an intermediate in the biosynthetic pathway of mugineic acid family phytosiderophores (MAs). Using polyclonal anti-NAS antibodies and recombinant NAS proteins, we identified five NAS isozymes and one NAS homologue in Fe-deficient barley roots using two-dimensional electrophoresis followed by Western blot analysis. Other unidentified NAS homologues that were induced by Fe-deficiency were also detected in barley roots. Western analysis enabled to detect NAS homologues in wheat, oats, rice, maize, and sorghum roots. In graminaceous species, both the amount and number of NAS homologues were correlated with the total NAS activity and Fe-deficiency tolerance. The NAS isoform patterns differed among the graminaceous plants. Key Words: Fe-deficiencygraminaceous plantmugineic acidnicotianamine synthaseWestern blot analysis
Image-guided system with miniature robot for precise positioning and targeting in keyhole neurosurgery (2006)

This paper describes a novel image-guided system for precise automatic targeting in minimally invasive keyhole neurosurgery. The system consists of the MARS miniature robot fitted with a mechanical guide for needle, probe or catheter insertion. Intraoperatively, the robot is directly affixed to a head clamp or to the patient's skull. It automatically positions itself with respect to predefined targets in a preoperative CT/MRI image following an anatomical registration with an intraoperative 3D surface scan of the patient's facial features and registration jig. We present the system architecture, surgical protocol, custom hardware (targeting and registration jig), and software modules (preoperative planning, intraoperative execution, 3D surface scan processing, and three-way registration). We also describe a prototype implementation of the system and in vitro registration experiments. Our results indicate a system-wide target registration error of 1.7 mm (standard deviation = 0.7 mm), which is close to the required 1.0-1.5 mm clinical accuracy in many keyhole neurosurgical procedures.
Hsp90 as a Target for Drug Development (2006)

Blocking the chaperones: Heat shock protein 90 (Hsp90) has emerged as a promising target for the treatment of cancer, Alzheimer's and Parkinson's diseases, motor impairments, multiple sclerosis, and other disorders. Progress toward the development of both N- and C-terminal inhibitors is described.