gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Expression and function of pituitary tumour transforming gene for T‐lymphocyte activation (2002)

Pituitary tumour transforming gene (PTTG) isolated from pituitary tumour cells transforms cells in vitro and causes in vivo tumour formation. PTTG is expressed in several human tumours and cell lines. In normal adult tissues, the testis expresses abundant levels of PTTG mRNA comparable to that found in tumour cells. Although PTTG is not expressed in resting T cells, we showed here that activation of normal adult human T cells using either immobilized anti-CD3 antibodies or phytohaemagglutinin was accompanied by marked PTTG induction, reaching levels observed in human tumour cells. Inhibitors of T-cell functions, such as cyclosporin A and hydrocortisone, decreased induction of PTTG mRNA expression. During T-cell activation, PTTG mRNA abundance corresponded with the increase in S-phase cells, suggesting PTTG involvement in cell cycle-dependent processes. These results showed that PTTG-1 expression follows cell cycling patterns in T lymphocytes, providing a convenient model for studying PTTG functions in normal cells.
Cardiac pacing effects on the electrical conduction in isolated rabbit hearts (2002)

This study presents the effects of cardiac pacing using stimulation pulses of different polarities (anodal, cathodal), strengths and waveshapes (monophasic and biphasic) on the electrical conduction in Langendorff perfused rabbit hearts. We have measured the conduction velocities in the longitudinal and transverse directions to the fiber orientation using bipolar electrograms from 12 epicardial sites. The transmembrane potential changes and the maximum rate of AP upstroke, ((dV/dt)/sub max/) under these stimulation conditions are measured using floating tip microelectrodes. The results show a superior performance of biphasic and anodal monophasic pulses that could suggest a novel way to improve myocardial conduction.
Selective black absorbers using rf-sputtered Cr2O3/Cr cermet films (1977)

Excellent selective black absorbers for solar radiation, with solar absorptivity of over 0.9 and infrared emissivity of less than 0.1, have been obtained by using rf sputtering to coat metal substrates with a Cr2O3/Cr cermet film, then with a Cr2O3 antireflection coating. By determining the optical constants of Cr2O3/Cr films over the composition range up to 35 vol% Cr, it was found that films containing 29 vol% Cr are nearly optimum for this application. The optical and chemical properties of absorbers made with such films are quite similar to those obtained with electroplated Cr-black coatings. This similarity suggests that the electroplated coatings are actually Cr2O3/Cr cermets comparable in composition and microstructure to the sputtered films.
The neuronal and epithelial human high affinity glutamate transporter. Insights into structure and mechanism of transport. (1994)

High affinity transport of glutamate across plasma membranes of brain neurons and epithelial is mediated by a Na(+)- and K(+)-coupled electrogenic transporter. Here we report the primary structure and functional characterization of the human high affinity glutamate transporter (HEAAC1). A unique characteristic of HEAAC1-mediated transport is that the affinity for glutamate and the maximal transport rate are strongly dependent on membrane potential. Our data provide new insights into individual steps of high affinity glutamate transport and show that the transport mechanism is distinct from that of the gamma-aminobutyric acid transporter GAT-1 and the Na+/glucose transporter SGLT1. Under voltage clamp condition, HEAAC1 mediated large substrate-evoked inward currents (up to 1 microA). The substrate specificity, stereospecificity, the Km value (30 +/- 3 microM at -60 mV) of the L-glutamate-evoked current, and Northern analysis all agree with previously reported characteristics of high affinity glutamate transport in brain. In contrast to SGLT1 and GAT-1, voltage jump studies of HEAAC1 yielded only minor relaxation currents. Classic inhibitors of brain glutamate uptake such as DL-threo-beta-hydroxyaspartate, L-trans-pyrrolidine 2,4,-dicarboxylic acid (PDC), and dihydrokainate were found to be either transport substrates or to have no significant effect on glutamate transport. We also found that the maximal transport rate for PDC was markedly reduced compared to that for L-glutamate. We propose that PDC most likely reduces the turnover rate of the transporter. A search of the sequence data bases revealed weak homology of HEAAC1 to the H(+)-coupled vesicular monoamine transporter, suggesting an evolutionary link between plasma membrane and vesicular transporters.
Protective Activity of Monoclonal Antibodies to Genome-Derived Neisserial Antigen 1870, a <i>Neisseria meningitidis</i> Candidate Vaccine (2004)

Genome-derived neisserial Ag (GNA) 1870 is a meningococcal vaccine candidate that can be subdivided into three variants based on amino acid sequence variability. Variant group 1 accounts for approximately 60% of disease-producing group B isolates. The Ag went unrecognized until its discovery by genome mining because it is expressed in low copy number by most strains. To investigate the relationship between Ab binding to GNA1870 and complement-mediated protective functions, we prepared a panel of four murine IgG mAbs against rGNA1870 (variant 1) and evaluated their activity against nine genetically diverse encapsulated Neisseria meningitidis strains expressing subvariants of variant 1 GNA1870. Based on flow cytometry with live encapsulated bacteria, surface accessibility of the epitopes recognized by the mAbs appeared to be low in most strains. Yet mAb concentrations <1 to 5 micro g/ml were sufficient to elicit bactericidal activity with human complement and/or activate C3b deposition on the bacterial surface. Certain combinations of mAbs were highly bactericidal against strains that were resistant to bactericidal activity of the respective individual mAbs. The mAbs conferred passive protection against bacteremia in infant rats challenged by strains resistant to bacteriolysis, and the protective activity paralleled the ability of the mAb to activate C3b deposition. Thus, despite low GNA1870 surface exposure, anti-GNA1870 variant 1 Abs are bactericidal and/or elicit C3b deposition and confer protection against bacteremia caused by encapsulated N. meningitidis strains expressing GNA1870 subvariant 1 proteins. The data support GNA1870 as a promising vaccine candidate for prevention of meningococcal group B disease caused by GNA1870 variant 1 strains.
Selective Inhibitors of Fibroblast Activation Protein (FAP) with a (4-Quinolinoyl)-glycyl-2-cyanopyrrolidine Scaffold (2013)

Fibroblast activation protein (FAP) is a serine protease that is generally accepted to play an important role in tumor growth and other diseases involving tissue remodeling. Currently there are no FAP inhibitors with reported selectivity toward both the closely related dipeptidyl peptidases (DPPs) and prolyl oligopeptidase (PREP). We present the discovery of a new class of FAP inhibitors with a N-(4-quinolinoyl)-Gly-(2-cyanopyrrolidine) scaffold. We have explored the effects of substituting the quinoline ring and varying the position of its sp(2) hybridized nitrogen atom. The most promising inhibitors combined low nanomolar FAP inhibition and high selectivity indices (>10(3)) with respect to both the DPPs and PREP. Preliminary experiments on a representative inhibitor demonstrate that plasma stability, kinetic solubility, and log D of this class of compounds can be expected to be satisfactory.
Mobile Low Latency Services in 5G (2015)

Networks beyond 2020 will experience 10000-fold increase in wireless traffic, connect 10-100 times more devices and support the most diverse use cases. Thus, the 5G architecture needs to be flexible and cater for both traffic volumes and diversity of service requirements. Among the set of new use cases, support of delay sensitive "mobile" applications, such as vehicular communications (V2X, where X stands for either Vehicle or Infrastructure), require architecture enhancements to natively offer low latency and high mobility. In this paper we propose the necessary technology enablers for the architectural solution to support such use cases.
<title>Selective Exposure Radiography Using Digitally-Formed X-Ray Beam Attenuators</title> (1983)

Since the early 1970's, Edholm and others have shown that compensation attenuators can provide fundamental improvements in radiographic image formation by modifying patient dose-distribution, reducing scatter fractions in dark regions of the image, and easing dynamic range requirements for film and video systems. Compensating attenuators have not yet been used widely in diagnostic radiology because of the difficulties of forming masks to compensate for the anatomical variations of individual patients. We have designed a software-based system which forms a heavy-metal attenuator from a digital image of the patient. At present, the attenuators are constructed manually from a pattern generated by the computer, but several techniques are being investigated which may permit fabrication and positioning during suspension of respiration. Phantom studies demonstrate that, in nonsubtractive applications, unsharp masking by the x-ray beam attenuator enhances local contrast, while in digitally subtracted images, attenuators eliminate dark regions where iodine signals otherwise are degraded by video and quantum noise. The technique can be used to reduce patient exposure in highly transmissive areas or, at the expense of increased tube loading, to increase exposure to highly attenuating areas in order to reduce image noise. Anticipated applications of this technique include chest radiography as well as conventional and digital subtraction angiography.
Continuous manufacturing of carboxyamidotriazoleencapsulated nanoemulsions using adaptive focused acoustics: Potential green technology for the pharmaceutical industry (2016)

Nanoemulsions containing hydrophobic drugs have a great potential in the pharmaceutical industries to improve thebioavailability of the drug. However, currently there is no cost-effective way of producing nanoemulsions in large scale.The need of subjecting emulsions to an extreme pressure of 50 MPa demands a large excess of energy for themanufacturing process, while low-energy method requires large amount of solvents. Here, nanoemulsions containing awell-characterized hydrophobic drug, carboxyamidotriazole (CAI), are produced in both batch and continuous modes todemonstrate the scalability of nanoemulsion production using Covaris’ Adaptive Focused Acoustics™ (AFA) technology.To move from batch scale to continuous flow, the acoustic and thermal energy inputs can be manipulated to adjust particlesize, while the composition and temperature of starting materials can be altered to achieve complete dissolution ofhydrophobic drugs, thus providing 100% encapsulation efficiency. Furthermore, using two AFA systems in series candrastically enhance the production flow rates, making AFA a competitive means for producing nanoemulsions in thepharmaceutical industry.
Digital sound reconstruction using arrays of CMOS-MEMS microspeakers (2004)

We report on the development of a direct digital method for producing sound using an array of CMOS-MEMS microspeakers. In a previous article we described the theory behind digital sound reconstruction, characterized the acoustic response of a single CMOS-MEMS membrane, and showed experimental results involving a 3-bit (7 speaker) array composed of individual microspeaker chips. In this work, we report on the design, fabrication, and operation of an 8-bit (255 speaker) array integrated on a single chip. With this new device, we have been able to further study sound reconstruction and understand the sources of harmonic distortion and waveform quality that are essential to creating a complete digital sound system.
Optimisation-on-a-manifold for global registration of multiple 3D point sets (2007)

We propose a novel algorithm to register multiple 3D point sets within a common reference frame simultaneously. Our approach performs an explicit optimisation on the manifold of rotations. Firstly, we present a new closed-form solution for simultaneous multiview registration in the noise-free case. Secondly, we use this as a first step to derive a good initial estimate of a solution in the case of noisy data. This initialisation step may be of use in any general iterative scheme. Finally, we present an iterative scheme based on GaussNewton method evolving on rotations manifold that has locally quadratic convergence. We demonstrate the efficacy of our scheme on scan data taken both from the Digital Michelangelo Project and from scans extracted from models. In all cases under study, our algorithm converges much faster than the other well-known approaches (in some cases orders of magnitude faster) and generates consistently higher quality registrations.
CO.sub.2 utilization in electrochemical systems (2013)

A process for treating fly ash to render it highly usable as a concrete additive. A quantity of fly ash is obtained that contains carbon and which is considered unusable fly ash for concrete based upon foam index testing. The fly ash is mixed with a quantity of spray dryer ash (SDA) and water to initiate a geopolymerization reaction and form a geopolymerized fly ash. The geopolymerized fly ash is granulated. The geopolymerized fly ash is considered usable fly ash for concrete according to foam index testing. The geopolymerized fly ash may have a foam index less than 40%, and in some cases less than 20%, of the foam index of the untreated fly ash. An optional alkaline activator may be mixed with the fly ash and SDA to facilitate the geopolymerization reaction. The alkaline activator may contain an alkali metal hydroxide, carbonate, silicate, aluminate, or mixtures thereof.
Ptychography: a powerful phase retrieval technique for biomedical imaging (2011)

This paper discusses ptychography, a coherent diffraction imaging technique. Advantages of ptychography with
respect conventional imaging techniques for cell visualisation are highlighted and demonstrated using unstained healthy
and tumorous mouse cells as the object under investigation. A novel procedure to automatically refocus a possible
slightly out of focus ptychographic data set will be discussed, by which an improved quantitative analysis and
discrimination is enabled.
Rational Design of Genetically Stable, Live-Attenuated Poliovirus Vaccines of All Three Serotypes: Relevance to Poliomyelitis Eradication (2006)

The global eradication of poliomyelitis caused by wild-type virus is likely to be completed within the next few years, despite immense logistic and political difficulties, and may ultimately be followed by the cessation of vaccination. However, the existing live-attenuated vaccines have the potential to revert to virulence, causing occasional disease, and viruses can be shed by immunocompromised individuals for prolonged periods of time. Moreover, several outbreaks of poliomyelitis have been shown to be caused by viruses derived from the Sabin vaccine strains. The appearance of such strains depends on the prevailing circumstances but poses a severe obstacle to strategies for stopping vaccination. Vaccine strains that are incapable of reversion at a measurable rate would provide a possible solution. Here, we describe the constructions of strains of type 3 poliovirus that are stabilized by the introduction of four mutations in the 5' noncoding region compared to the present vaccine. The strains are genetically and phenotypically stable under conditions where the present vaccine loses the attenuating mutation in the 5' noncoding region completely. Type 1 and type 2 strains in which the entire 5' noncoding regions of Sabin 1 and Sabin 2 were replaced exactly with that of one of the type 3 strains were also constructed. The genetic stability of 5' noncoding regions of these viruses matched that of the type 3 strains, but significant phenotypic reversion occurred, illustrating the potential limitations of a rational approach to the genetic stabilization of live RNA virus vaccines.
In vitro magnetite formation by urease dependent reaction. (1989)

Magnetite particles have important applications in biochemistry and in medicine, for example, in magnetoliposomes for cell sorting1) and for magnetic separation techniques.2) Particles from magnetotactic bacteria are most suitable for such applications by virtue of their size,3) but cannot be recovered in sufficient quantities for commercial purposes. This study was designed to gain an understanding of the mechanisms of magnetite formation in living organisms, and to synthesize magnetite particles for industrial applications.
High electrical power density from PbTe-based quantum-dot superlattice unicouple thermoelectric devices (2006)

We describe the first demonstration of PbTe-based, cross-plane quantum-dot superlattice (QDSL) unicouple thermoelectric generator devices fabricated from nanostructured, thick-film materials (∼100μm). Both n- and p-type QDSL materials were investigated. With ∼220K temperature difference across small thermoelements (∼95μm length, 4mm2 cross-sectional area), electrical power outputs up to 89mW and power densities up to 2.2W∕cm2 have been demonstrated for both n- and p-type materials. The devices consist of a substrate-free, bulklike slab of molecular beam epitaxy grown PbSeTe∕PbTe QDSL material as the n- or p-type leg and a copper wire as the other p-type leg.
Practical realization of a passive coherent population trapping frequency standard (2005)

The paper describes the practical realization and characteristics of a small, totally autonomous, passive frequency standard based on the coherent population trapping (CPT) phenomenon. A description of the frequency standard, including physical characteristics, block diagrams of the optical control CPT resonance system and of the digital control electronics is given. The characteristics of the frequency standard relative to general functionality and frequency stability are given, as measured on several units.
On the capacity of bounded rank modulation for flash memories (2009)

Rank modulation has been introduced as a new information representation scheme for flash memories. Given the charge levels of a group of flash cells, sorting is used to induce a permutation, which in turn represents data. Motivated by the lower sorting complexity of smaller cell groups, we consider bounded rank modulation, where a sequence of permutations of given sizes are used to represent data. We study the capacity of bounded rank modulation under the condition that permutations can overlap for higher capacity.
A serum microRNA biomarker panel for detection of gastric cancer. (2015)

4060 Background: Gastric cancer is the 2nd most common cause of cancer deaths worldwide. Currently, endoscopy is the only reliable method for early diagnosis. However, the invasiveness and cost limit its usage as a screening test. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) have been shown to be important in the pathogenesis of cancers. They are exceptionally stable in body fluids, making them potential noninvasive biomarker for cancers. Methods: We screened 600 miRNAs using our MiRXES qPCR technology in the sera of 236 gastric cancer subjects and 236 matched high risk subjects, serving as the discovery set. 191 miRNAs were reliably detected in all the serum samples, out of which 75 informative ones were identified to be significantly (false discovered corrected P value lower than 0.01) altered between gastric cancer and high risk subjects. Multivariate miRNA biomarker panels were then formulated by sequence forward floating search and support vector machine using all the quantitative data obtained for the expression of 191 miRNAs. Results: Multiple iterations of two-fold cross-validation were performed in silico where the panels with 8 or more miRNAs consistently achieved high accuracy [areas under the curve (AUC) ≥ 0.87 in the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve]. A 24-miRNA model was optimized based on the discovery set [AUC = 0.92 ( 95% Confidence Interval [CI]: 0.88-0.95)] and validated in two blinded studies with fixed algorithm and threshold definition; Korean case-control cohort (n = 129, 74 cancer cases) and Singaporean Chinese case-control cohort (n = 89, 20 cancer cases). The 24-miR panel showed 90% sensitivity and 81% specificity in the Korean cohort (AUC = 0.91 (95% CI: 0.86-0.96)] and had 90% sensitivity and 75% specificity in the Singaporean Chinese cohort [AUC = 0.89 (95% CI: 0.79-0.99)]. Importantly, the 24-miR panel was able to distinguish stage 1 and 2 gastric cancer in both Korean [AUC = 0.88 (95% CI: 0.81-0.96)] and Singaporean Chinese [AUC = 0.91 (95% CI: 0.80-1.00)] cohorts. Conclusions: We have identified a serum miRNA panel which can confidently differentiate patients with gastric cancer including the early-staged cancers from controls. This may be able to serve as a non-invasive screening test for gastric cancer which warrants study in larger cohorts.
International prognostic scoring system for Waldenström s Macroglobulinemia Short title: Prognostic index for Waldenström Macroglobulinemia (2017)

Recently, many new drugs have been developed for the treatment of Waldenstrom’s macroglobulinemia (WM). In order to optimize the treatment according to the prognosis and to facilitate the comparison of trials we developed an international scoring system for WM (ISSWM) in a series of 587 patients with clearly defined criteria for diagnosis and for initiation of treatment. With a median follow-up of 64 months, the median survival after treatment initiation was 87 months. Five adverse covariates were identified: age >65 years, hemoglobin ≤11·5 g/dL, platelet count ≤100 x 10/L, s2-microglobulin >3 mg/L and serum monoclonal protein concentration >7.0 g/dL. Low risk patients (27% of patients) presented with ≤1 adverse characteristic and age ≤65 years, intermediate risk patients (38%) with 2 adverse characteristics or only age >65 years and high risk patients (35%) with >2 adverse characteristics. Five-year survival rates were 87%, 68% and 36% respectively (p 65 years, treatment with alkylating agent, and purine analogue. Thus, the combination of age, s2-microglobulin, monoclonal protein concentration and blood counts may provide a means to design risk-adapted studies. However, independent validation and new biological markers may enhance its significance. For personal use only. at Harvard Libraries on June 17, 2009. www.bloodjournal.org From
Effect of bioadctive glass templates on osteoblast proliferation and in vitro synthesis of bone‐like tissue (1994)

Using in vitro synthesized bone tissue with cells aspirated from the patient's marrow is an appealing idea to avoid the profound limitations of biological and synthetic grafts. Procedures to synthesize bone tissue in vitro primarily relied on seeding various substrates with cells that have osteogenic capacity in culture. It should be noted that in an in vitro system, osteoprogenitor cells, as well as bone cells themselves can rapidly change their phenotype, hence the substrate needs to promote the expression of the bone cell phenotype. Furthermore, it needs to provide a template for bone deposition while gradually resorbing once bone tissue has been laid down. This paper presents initial evidence that bioactive glass, a synthetic material with documented extensive bone bioactivity properties, represents a material that optimally combines the requirements of the ideal template for in vitro synthesis of bone tissue. When made in porous form, and conditioned to develop a bone-like surface prior to being seeded with pluripotential cells capable of expressing the osteoblastic phenotype, these templates lead to expeditious and abundant in vitro synthesis of extracellular matrix with most important characteristics of bone tissue.