gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
<sup>V600E</sup> BRAF is associated with disabled feedback inhibition of RAF–MEK signaling and elevated transcriptional output of the pathway (2009)

Tumors with mutant BRAF and those with receptor tyrosine kinase (RTK) activation have similar levels of phosphorylated ERK, but only the former depend on ERK signaling for proliferation. The mitogen-activated protein kinase, extracellular signal-regulated kinase kinase (MEK)/ERK-dependent transcriptional output was defined as the genes whose expression changes significantly 8 h after MEK inhibition. In (V600E)BRAF cells, this output is comprised of 52 genes, including transcription factors that regulate transformation and members of the dual specificity phosphatase and Sprouty gene families, feedback inhibitors of ERK signaling. No such genes were identified in RTK tumor cells, suggesting that ERK pathway signaling output is selectively activated in BRAF mutant tumors. We find that RAF signaling is feedback down-regulated in RTK cells, but is insensitive to this feedback in BRAF mutant tumors. Physiologic feedback inhibition of RAF/MEK signaling down-regulates ERK output in RTK cells; evasion of this feedback in mutant BRAF cells is associated with increased transcriptional output and MEK/ERK-dependent transformation.
Pulsed power corona discharges for air pollution control (1998)

Successful introduction of pulsed corona for industrial purposes very much depends on the reliability of high-voltage and pulsed power technology and on the efficiency of energy transfer. In addition, it is of the utmost importance that adequate electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) is achieved between the high-voltage pulse source and the surrounding equipment. Pulsed corona is generated in a pilot unit that produces narrow 50 MW pulses at 1000 pps (net average corona power 1.5 kW). The pilot unit can run continuously for use in industrial applications such as cleaning of gases (100 m/sup 3//h) containing NO or volatile organic compounds (VOCs) or fluids (e.g., waste water). Simultaneous removal of NO and ethylene to obtain clean CO/sub 2/ from the exhaust of a combustion engine was tested at an industrial site. Various chemical processes, such as removal of toluene or styrene from an airflow are tested in the laboratory. We developed a model to analyze the conversion of these pollutants. To examine the discharges in the reactor we use current, voltage, and E-field sensors as well as a fast charge-coupled device (CCD) camera. Detailed energy input measurements are compared with CCD movies to investigate the efficiency of different streamer phases. EMC techniques incorporated in the pilot unit are based on the successful concept of constructing a low transfer impedance between common mode currents induced by pulsed power and differential mode voltages in signal lines and external main lines.
Trellis-Based Iterative Adaptive Blind Sequence Estimation for Uncoded/Coded Systems with Differential Precoding (2005)

We propose iterative, adaptive trellis-based blind sequence estimators, which can be interpreted as reduced-complexity receivers derived from the joint ML data/channel estimation problem. The number of states in the trellis is considered as a design parameter, providing a trade-off between performance and complexity. For symmetrical signal constellations, differential encoding or generalizations thereof are necessary to combat the phase ambiguity. At the receiver, the structure of the super-trellis (representing differential encoding and intersymbol interference) is explicitly exploited rather than doing differential decoding just for resolving the problem of phase ambiguity. In uncoded systems, it is shown that the data sequence can only be determined up to an unknown shift index. This shift ambiguity can be resolved by taking an outer channel encoder into account. The average magnitude of the soft outputs from the corresponding channel decoder is exploited to identify the shift index. For frequency-hopping systems over fading channels, a double serially concatenated scheme is proposed, where the inner code is applied to combat the shift ambiguity and the outer code provides time diversity in conjunction with an interburst interleaver.
Experimental study of reaction heat of methane hydration process (2013)

Aimed at timely transfer of reaction heat of gas hydrate and quick generation of the hydrate,this paper is the study of the reaction heat of three systems methane hydrate formation using visual experimental system.The paper presents the calculation of the reaction heat of the three systems,combined with the reaction heat equations derived,based on methane hydrate phase equilibrium data.The experiment proves that the action of the accelerator results in an increased formation rate of methane hydrate and an increased heat of reaction is under too.
Simulations and measurements of the electromagnetic response of broadband THz uncooled antenna-coupled microbolometer array (2012)

Bolometer sensors are good candidates for room-temperature THz imaging thanks to their maturity and capability to sense THz waves on the whole spectrum. Starting with infrared microbolometer technology, uncooled antenna-coupled microbolometer focal plane array are being developed at CEA-LETI with the objective of offering low-cost, real-time 2D terahertz imaging sensors. These detectors, which are 320×240 pixels monolithically processed above CMOS read-out circuits, show very good performances, potentially better than other uncooled direct detectors, such as FET transistor or Schottky diode: at the measured detection threshold power is 30 pW at 2.4 THz with a responsivity of 14 MV/W, resulting in a NEP close to 1 pW/√Hz. Unlike the two other above-cited uncooled detectors for which sensitivity is frequency dependent and strongly affected by parasitic elements as shunt capacitances and resistances in series, thermal detectors sensitivity can be maintained constant over the whole spectrum, as long as the optical coupling is efficient. Therefore, studying the optical coupling mechanism of the detector in THz frequency range is a critical stage. In this paper, we present results of the electromagnetic simulation and characterization process of these focal plane arrays, concentrating on the spectral absorption.
Response of Motor Complications in Cockayne Syndrome to Carbidopa-Levodopa (2008)

Patients with Cockayne syndrome should be evaluated carefully for movement disorders. A clinical trial should be considered to evaluate this therapy further.
Allometric scaling of metabolic rate from molecules and mitochondria to cells and mammals (2002)

The fact that metabolic rate scales as the three-quarter power of body mass (M) in unicellular, as well as multicellular, organisms suggests that the same principles of biological design operate at multiple levels of organization. We use the framework of a general model of fractal-like distribution networks together with data on energy transformation in mammals to analyze and predict allometric scaling of aerobic metabolism over a remarkable 27 orders of magnitude in mass encompassing four levels of organization: individual organisms, single cells, intact mitochondria, and enzyme molecules. We show that, whereas rates of cellular metabolism in vivo scale as M(-1/4), rates for cells in culture converge to a single predicted value for all mammals regardless of size. Furthermore, a single three-quarter power allometric scaling law characterizes the basal metabolic rates of isolated mammalian cells, mitochondria, and molecules of the respiratory complex; this overlaps with and is indistinguishable from the scaling relationship for unicellular organisms. This observation suggests that aerobic energy transformation at all levels of biological organization is limited by the transport of materials through hierarchical fractal-like networks with the properties specified by the model. We show how the mass of the smallest mammal can be calculated (approximately 1 g), and the observed numbers and densities of mitochondria and respiratory complexes in mammalian cells can be understood. Extending theoretical and empirical analyses of scaling to suborganismal levels potentially has important implications for cellular structure and function as well as for the metabolic basis of aging.
Novel HIV Tat antagonists (2000)

HIV-1 Tat protein plays one of the central roles in AIDS pathogenesis due to its principle function in HIV-1 transcription and multiple involvement in HIV progression. For example, Tat acts as immunosuppressor, activator of quiescent T cells for productive HIV-1 infection and it is a chemokine analog. Tat upregulates the expression of chemokine receptors (CXCR4 and CCR5) which serve as coreceptors of HIV-1 entry to cells. Tat mediates some AIDS-associated pathological processes, e.g., Kaposi's sarcoma, main neoplastic manifestation of AIDS. The discovery of novel HIV Tat antagonists is not just one more strategy in the anti-HIV pharmacological intervention, but is most important in view of the inability of the existing therapies to eradicate HIV infection. The main efforts in this field are aimed at the disruption of Tat-TAR interaction and HIV transactivation inhibition. A set of compounds of various chemical natures were recently discovered in this field. Mimicking the Tat basic peptide comprises one of the modern approaches for the design of Tat antagonists. Several Tat basic peptide mimetic compounds possess significant antiviral activity. A novel class of Tat antagonists are aminoglycoside-arginine conjugates, that not only inhibit HIV replication but efficiently compete with several Tat functions, which are of primary importance in HIV/AIDS pathogenesis. Drug Dev. Res. 50:502–515, 2000. © 2000 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
<title>Microelectronic Thin Film Deposition By Ultraviolet Laser Photolysis</title> (1983)

An excimer laser is used to photochemically deposit thin films of silicon dioxide, silicon nitride, aluminum oxide, and zinc oxide at low temperatures (100-350°C). Deposition rates in excess of 3000 Å/min and conformal coverage over vertical walled steps were demonstrated. The films exhibit low defect density and high breakdown voltage and have been characterized using IR spectrophotometry, AES, and C-V analysis. Device compatibility has been studied by using photodeposited films as interlayer dielectrics, diffusion masks, and passivation layers in production CMOS devices. Additionally, we have deposited metallic films of Al, Mo, W, and Cr over large (>5 cm<sup>2</sup>) areas using UV photodissociation of trimethylaluminum and the refractory metal hexacarbonyls. Both shiny metallic films as well as black particulate films were obtained depending on the deposition geometry. The black films are shown to grow in columnar grains. The depositions were made at room temperature over pyrex and quartz plates as well as silicon wafers. We have examined the resistivity, adhesion, stress and step coverage of these films. The films exhibited resistivities at most %20 times that of the bulk materials and tensile stress no higher than 7 x 109 dynes/cm<sup>2</sup>.
Effect of Cellulolytic gut bacteria as a feed supplement on the growth performance and nutrient digestibility of Asian Seabass (Lates calcarifer) (2011)

To study the effect of cellulolytic gut bacteria as a feed supplement on growth performance and nutrient digestibility of Asian seabass (Lates calcarifer), a 42 days experiment was done. Group I was fed on control diet (diet A), Group II, III and IV were fed with diet B (Bacillus subtilis), C (Bacillus licheniformis), and D (B. subtilis and B.  licheniformis in 1:1 ratio) respectively. Higher (P<0.05) weight gain percent (248.75 %), specific growth rate (4.80) and apparent fiber digestibility were observed in group IV. Maximum (P<0.05) survivability (86.67 %), PER and apparent protein digestibility were significantly (P<0.05) higher and FCR (1.24) was significantly (P<0.05) lower in animals of group III. Total microbial population and cellulolytic bacterial population in the gut of juvenile seabass of group IV was significantly (P<0.05) higher than other groups. Amylolytic bacterial population was in the same range of group III and IV but they were significantly (P<0.05) higher than other two groups. Digestive cellulase enzyme activity was significantly (P<0.05) higher in group IV, digestive amylase and protease was in the same range of group III and IV. So, these two cellulolytic gut bacteria B. licheniformis and B. subtilis showed beneficial effect on seabass as feed supplement.
ProjectorBox: Seamless presentation capture for classrooms (2005)

Abstract: Automatic lecture capture can help students, instructors, and educational institutions. Students can focus less on note-taking and more on what the instructor is saying. Instructors can provide access to lecture archives to help students study for exams and make-up missed classes. And online lecture recordings can be used to support distance learning. For these and other reasons, there has been great interest in automatically capturing classroom presentations. However, there is no simple solution that is completely automatic. ProjectorBox is our attempt to create a “zero user interaction ” appliance that automatically captures, indexes, and manages presentation multimedia. It operates continuously to record the RGB information sent from presentation devices, such as an instructor’s laptop, to display devices such as a projector. It seamlessly captures high-resolution slide images, text, and audio. A web-based user interface allows students to browse, search, replay, and export captured presentations.
Probabilistic Semantic Inpainting with Pixel Constrained CNNs (2018)

Semantic inpainting is the task of inferring missing pixels in an image given surrounding pixels and high level image semantics. Most semantic inpainting algorithms are deterministic: given an image with missing regions, a single inpainted image is generated. However, there are often several plausible inpaintings for a given missing region. In this paper, we propose a method to perform probabilistic semantic inpainting by building a model, based on PixelCNNs, that learns a distribution of images conditioned on a subset of visible pixels. Experiments on the MNIST and CelebA datasets show that our method produces diverse and realistic inpaintings.
Learning Structured Text Representations (2018)

In this paper, we focus on learning structure-aware document representations from data without recourse to a discourse parser or additional annotations. Drawing inspiration from recent efforts to empower neural networks with a structural bias (Cheng et al., 2016; Kim et al., 2017), we propose a model that can encode a document while automatically inducing rich structural dependencies. Specifically, we embed a differentiable non-projective parsing algorithm into a neural model and use attention mechanisms to incorporate the structural biases. Experimental evaluations across different tasks and datasets show that the proposed model achieves state-of-the-art results on document modeling tasks while inducing intermediate structures which are both interpretable and meaningful.
Solubility, polymorphism, crystallinity, and crystal habit of acetaminophen and ibuprofen: By initial solvent screening (2006)

Solubility, polymorphism, crystallinity, and crystal habit of acetaminophen and racemic (±)-ibuprofen were determined by initial screening of 23 solvents for scale-up. Solubility curves were constructed, and solubility at 25 °C was plotted against the dielectric constants of various solvent as a fingerprint for solute identification. The totalform space for acetaminophen and racemic (±)-ibuprofen were calculated to be 222 and 257, respectively. Various crystal habits and sizes for ibuprofen and acetaminophen were observed.
TLR7: A new sensor of viral infection (2004)

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences (PNAS), a peer reviewed journal of the National Academy of Sciences (NAS) - an authoritative source of high-impact, original research that broadly spans the biological, physical, and social sciences.
Regular expressions considered harmful in client-side XSS filters (2010)

Cross-site scripting flaws have now surpassed buffer overflows as the world's most common publicly-reported security vulnerability. In recent years, browser vendors and researchers have tried to develop client-side filters to mitigate these attacks. We analyze the best existing filters and find them to be either unacceptably slow or easily circumvented. Worse, some of these filters could introduce vulnerabilities into sites that were previously bug-free. We propose a new filter design that achieves both high performance and high precision by blocking scripts after HTML parsing but before execution. Compared to previous approaches, our approach is faster, protects against more vulnerabilities, and is harder for attackers to abuse. We have contributed an implementation of our filter design to the WebKit open source rendering engine, and the filter is now enabled by default in the Google Chrome browser.
Solventless Synthesis of MOFs at High Pressure (2016)

Besides the substitution or minimization of the use of harmful solvents, one essential goal of chemistry is to try to avoid their use altogether whenever possible. In the case of the synthesis of MOFs (metal–organic frameworks), this can only be achieved by finding alternatives to conventional processes. An example is the approach described here which involves working at high pressure (at 0.31 GPa) without using a solvent. This has evident advantages over mechanochemical synthesis by grinding or milling (also a solventless process) where the sample is submitted to attrition. The present paper reports the simple high pressure synthesis of the ZIF (zeolitic imizadolate framework) ZIF-8. This methodology enables fast synthesis of MOF materials and offers new insights into their industrial implementation. In addition, this technique could be applied to the synthesis of other MOFs and even COFs (covalent organic frameworks).
ChemInform Abstract: A NEW, HIGHLY STEREOSELECTIVE SYNTHESIS OF ALL‐TRANS‐GERANYLGERANIOL (1974)

Abstract Geraniol (I) wird in den Benzyläther (II) übergeführt und mit Selendioxid zum Allylalkohol (III) oxidiert.
Pretreatment with Dexamethasone Increases Antitumor Activity of Carboplatin and Gemcitabine in Mice Bearing Human Cancer Xenografts (2004)

To our knowledge, this is the first report that DEX significantly enhances the antitumor activity of carboplatin and gemcitabine and increases their accumulation in tumors. These results provide a basis for further evaluation of DEX as a chemosensitizer in patients.
Linalool Exhibits Cytotoxic Effects by Activating Antitumor Immunity (2014)

According to recent studies, the Plantaginaceae, which are traditional Chinese herbal remedies, have potential for use in viral infection treatment and cancer therapy. Linalool and p-coumaric acid are two of the biologically active compounds that can be isolated from the Plantaginaceae. This study mainly focused on investigating the bioactivity of linalool as well as the bioactivity of p-coumaric acid in terms of their cytotoxic effects on cancer cells. Whether the mechanisms of such effects are generated through apoptosis and immunoregulatory activity were also investigated. By using WST-1 analysis, it was shown that linalool and p-coumaric acid have good inhibitory effects against breast, colorectal and liver cancer cells. The IC50 values of linalool for those cancer cell types were 224 μM, 222 μM, and 290 μM, respectively, and the IC50 values of p-coumaric acid were 693 μM, 215 μM and 87 μM, respectively. Cell cycle analysis also confirmed that linalool and p-coumaric acid can lead to apoptosis. By using flow cytometry, it was determined that treatment with linalool rather than p-coumaric acid significantly increased the sub-G1 phase and that there were more cells concentrated in the G1 phase. Furthermore, by using cytokine array analysis, we found that linalool can stimulate IFN-γ, IL-13, IL-2, IL-21, IL-21R, IL-4, IL-6sR and TNF-α secretion. This demonstrated that in addition to the bidirectional regulation capabilities found in linalool, it also induces Th1 cellular immune response in T-47D cells. These results showed that linalool holds great potential for use in cancer therapy, and we believe that it could provide an alternative way to take action against tumors.
Private Property, Economic Efficiency, and Spectrum Policy in the Wake of the C Block Auction (1999)

In the original spectrum auctions of Personal Communications Services, the FCC designated a portion of the spectrum for woman and minority-owned small businesses (the C block). The Supreme Court’s decision in Adarand v. Pena caused the FCC to redesign the auction with the result that many bidders overvalued this spectrum. Due to this overvaluation, many bidders could not meet their obligations to the FCC. This Note analyzes FCC auction history, the FCC’s response to the original C block auction, how to fix these problems within the given congressional and FCC framework, and argues that the best solution would be to treat spectrum like private property.
Responsiveness of human bone marrow stromal cells to shear stress (2009)

We examined the hypothesis that human mesenchymal stem cells detect physiological mechanical signals. Human bone marrow stromal cells (HBMSCs) were exposed to fluid shear stress of 12 dynes/cm(2) and analysed for their ability to express osteoblast-specific markers and associated signalling pathways. HBMSCs showed a significant increase in alkaline phosphatase (ALP) gene expression and a marked decrease in type I collagen, while no effect on Cbfa1/Runx2 was detected. This regulation is related to p38 and ERK1/2 activation, although the use of specific inhibitors to these two MAP kinases suggests that ALP mRNA induction is especially dependent on p38 activity, while type I collagen downregulation is ERK1/2-dependent. Interestingly, the expression of connexin43, which is involved in cell-to-cell communication of osteoblastic cells through gap junction formation, and its distribution through the cells, were modified by fluid flow (FF). HBMSCs are sensitive to shear stress and it appears essential to take their responsiveness into consideration before associating these regenerative cells with a bioactive biomaterial in a new bone tissue-engineering strategy.
Pepino (<i>solanum muricatum</i>): Chemical composition of ripe fruit (1986)

Abstract Ripe pepino fruit ( Solanum muricatum L. cv. ‘El Camino’) were analysed for water, sugars, non‐volatile organic acids, amino acids, starch, vitamin C, minerals and cell wall composition. The sugars consisted of sucrose, fructose and glucose with sucrose accounting for 50% of the total. Citric acid made up more than 90% of the non‐volatile organic acids. Malic acid and traces of quinic acid were also present. Aspartic acid accounted for 70% of the total free amino acids. Cellulose, pectin and hemicellulose represented 71, 17 and 11% respectively of the cell wall polysaccharides. The vitamin Clevel was higher than normally found in most fruits, including citrus. A limited study suggested that the major change during maturation was a continuous increase in the levels of sucrose, citric acid and the dicarboxylic amino acids.