gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Desaturase And Method For The Production Of Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids In Transgenic Organisms (Patent US 2011/0138490 A1) (2009)

The present invention relates to a polynucleotide from Emiliana huxleyi which codes for a desaturase and which can be employed for the recombinant production of polyunsaturated fatty acids. The invention furthermore relates to vectors, host cells and transgenic nonhuman organisms which comprise the polynucleotide according to the invention, and to the polypeptides encoded by the polynucleotide. The invention furthermore relates to antibodies against the polypeptide according to the invention. Finally, the invention also relates to production methods for the polyunsaturated fatty acids and for oil, lipid and fatty acid compositions and to their use as drugs, cosmetics, foodstuffs, feedstuffs, preferably fish food, or food supplements.
Rationale and design of <scp>REDUCE‐IT</scp>: Reduction of Cardiovascular Events with Icosapent Ethyl–Intervention Trial (2017)

Residual cardiovascular risk persists despite statins, yet outcome studies of lipid-targeted therapies beyond low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) have not demonstrated added benefit. Triglyceride elevation is an independent risk factor for cardiovascular events. High-dose eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) reduces triglyceride-rich lipoproteins without raising LDL-C. Omega-3s have postulated pleiotropic cardioprotective benefits beyond triglyceride-lowering. To date, no large, multinational, randomized clinical trial has proved that lowering triglycerides on top of statin therapy improves cardiovascular outcomes. The Reduction of Cardiovascular Events with Icosapent Ethyl-Intervention Trial (REDUCE-IT; NCT01492361) is a phase 3b randomized, double-blinded, placebo-controlled trial of icosapent ethyl, a highly purified ethyl ester of EPA, vs placebo. The main objective is to evaluate whether treatment with icosapent ethyl reduces ischemic events in statin-treated patients with high triglycerides at elevated cardiovascular risk. REDUCE-IT enrolled men or women age ≥45 years with established cardiovascular disease or age ≥50 years with diabetes mellitus and 1 additional risk factor. Randomization required fasting triglycerides ≥150 mg/dL and <500 mg/dL and LDL-C >40 mg/dL and ≤100 mg/dL with stable statin (± ezetimibe) ≥4 weeks prior to qualifying measurements. The primary endpoint is a composite of cardiovascular death, nonfatal myocardial infarction, nonfatal stroke, coronary revascularization, or unstable angina. The key secondary endpoint is the composite of cardiovascular death, nonfatal myocardial infarction, or nonfatal stroke. Several secondary, tertiary, and exploratory endpoints will be assessed. Approximately 8000 patients have been randomized at approximately 470 centers worldwide. Follow-up will continue in this event-driven trial until approximately 1612 adjudicated primary-efficacy endpoint events have occurred.
Synthetic diamonds as <i>in vivo</i> radiation detectors (1987)

Synthetic diamonds with controlled amounts of impurity atoms can be manufactured so that, as thermoluminescent dosimeters, they can be made to have sensitivities at least as good as presently available commercial thermoluminescent dosimeters. They also exhibit, for radiations normally found in therapy situations, a linearity of response that extends from less than 0.01 Gy (1 rad) to over 10 Gy (1000 rad). Their physical size and form, crystals which can have volumes of less than 1 mm3, make them ideal candidates for in vivo monitoring of radiation fields, particularly electron fields where high-resolution measurements are essential for accurate isodose line determinations. Aspects of dose response from gamma-ray beams in relation to the type and concentrations of the impurity atoms within the diamond are discussed, and some experimental values for gamma, x-ray, and electron beams are presented.
Abstract LB-384: <i>BARX1</i>, <i>CYGB</i>, and other epigenetic targets of gastric cancer (2012)

Abstract Gastric cancer (GC), a disease with a very poor prognosis, is the second leading cause of cancer-related deaths worldwide. Although few studies have identified genetic and epigenetic alterations to be involved in gastric carcinogenesis, the molecular pathogenesis of this disease remains incompletely understood, and largely unexplored. With an aim to understand, and identify the molecular pathways important in the pathogenesis of GC, and to identify targets for its detection and therapy, we conducted a pilot microarray-based genome-wide search for identification of epigenetic targets in GC. This study identified 11 prioritized targets of aberrant epigenetic inactivation in gastric neoplasia (GN), including the tight junction protein claudin-11 (CLDN11), the transcription factor BarH-like homeobox (BARX1), basonuclin1 (BNC1), Coagulation factor C homolog (COCH), filamin C gamma (FLNC), cytoglobin B (CYGB), glutamine-fructose-6-phospahe-transaminase-2 (GFPT2), heat-shock-70 kDa protein-6 (HSPA6), snail homolog 1(SNAL1), skin calmodulin-related factor (SCARF), and tumor protein p53 binding protein 2 (TP53BP2). Our initial validations of these targets, particularly, CLDN11, BARX1 and CYGB confirmed these genes to be hypermethylated in their promoter region in gastric cancer cell lines and patient specimens, and their mRNA expression levels to be reduced in gastric cancer tissues and cell lines. More interestingly, our recent preliminary studies demonstrate that overexpression of the BARX1, in GC cells which lack its endogenous expression led to dramatic phenotypic changes in these transfected cells. Moreover, viable cell count was reduced in BARX1 transfected cells. BARX1 is a transcription factor which is known to be involved in the differentiation of embryonic endoderm into stomach. This study for the first time, identifies a potential role of BARX1 in gastric carcinogenesis. Further, large-scale validation studies are underway to confirm the role of BARX1 and other genes as potential targets for GC detection and therapy. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 103rd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2012 Mar 31-Apr 4; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2012;72(8 Suppl):Abstract nr LB-384. doi:1538-7445.AM2012-LB-384
Solid-state radioluminscent compsitions and light sources (1989)

The aim of this retrospective study is to assess the rate at which glomus jugulare tumors invade the hypoglossal canal (HC) and to correlate computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) findings with the clinical evidence of cranial nerve (CN) XII dysfunction. CT and MRI imaging modalities of 31 patients were blindly reviewed by an attending neuroradiologist. Imaging studies identified involvement in 22 tumors (22/31, 71.0%). Thirteen of 22 patients (59.1%) had clinically evident CN XII symptoms. Accuracy rate was 76.7% (23/30) for MRI and 78.6% (11/14) for CT. MRI showed 100% sensitivity but had only 59% specificity and the specificity for CT was 66.7%. When radiologists elucidate HC involvement, it may alter the surgical approach and may lead to more focused/accurate clinical evaluation of tongue function.
First‐Order Directional Audio Coding (DirAC) (2017)

This chapter presents a Matlab implementation of stream-based virtual microphone directional audio coding (DirAC). It describes how to use first-order DirAC in different applications with different theoretical and practical microphone setups for both loudspeaker and headphone playback. The system performs well if the recorded spatial sound matches the implicit assumptions about the sound field in DirAC, that at each frequency band only a single source is dominant at one time, with a moderate level of reverberation. In cases where the recorded sound field strongly violates these assumptions, audible distortions, artifacts, may occur. The artifacts were pronounced with a high number of loudspeakers, and especially in listening conditions with low reverberation. They are most often due to the temporal and spectral effects from decorrelation processing, which is needed to decrease the level of coherence between loudspeaker signals in the case of a sound field with high diffuseness.
Self-sustainable protonic ceramic electrochemical cells using a triple conducting electrode for hydrogen and power production (2020)

The protonic ceramic electrochemical cell (PCEC) is an emerging and attractive technology that converts energy between power and hydrogen using solid oxide proton conductors at intermediate temperatures. To achieve efficient electrochemical hydrogen and power production with stable operation, highly robust and durable electrodes are urgently desired to facilitate water oxidation and oxygen reduction reactions, which are the critical steps for both electrolysis and fuel cell operation, especially at reduced temperatures. In this study, a triple conducting oxide of PrNi<sub>0.5</sub>Co<sub>0.5</sub>O<sub>3-δ</sub> perovskite is developed as an oxygen electrode, presenting superior electrochemical performance at 400~600 °C. More importantly, the self-sustainable and reversible operation is successfully demonstrated by converting the generated hydrogen in electrolysis mode to electricity without any hydrogen addition. The excellent electrocatalytic activity is attributed to the considerable proton conduction, as confirmed by hydrogen permeation experiment, remarkable hydration behavior and computations.
Phosphorothioate and cordycepin analogues of 2',5'-oligoadenylate: inhibition of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 reverse transcriptase and infection in vitro. (1989)

Natural antiviral activity can be mediated by the interferon-induced synthesis of 2',5'-oligoadenylates (2-5As) and subsequent RNase L activation by these molecules. Analogues of 2-5A that are biologically active and metabolically stable were synthesized and analyzed for antiviral activity against the human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1). Replacement of the 3' hydroxyl group of the adenosine moieties of 2-5A with hydrogen atoms (i.e., cordycepin analogues of 2-5A) converted authentic 2-5A trimer into anti-HIV-1 agents in vitro. These cordycepin analogues of 2-5A also inhibited partially purified HIV-1 reverse transcriptase. Introduction of chirality into the 2',5'-phosphodiester internucleotide linkages or 5'-phosphate moieties of the 2-5A molecule (i.e., phosphorothioate analogues of 2-5A) converted authentic 2-5A into more potent inhibitors of HIV-1 reverse transcriptase. However, these phosphorothioate 2-5As demonstrated little or no anti-HIV-1 activity in vitro. Thus, some analogues of 2-5A may form a class of anti-HIV-1 drugs with possible pleiotropic activities that include activation of latent RNase L and inhibition of reverse transcription.
Tau passive immunization blocks seeding and spread of Alzheimer hyperphosphorylated Tau-induced pathology in 3 × Tg-AD mice (2018)

These findings indicate that AD p-Tau-injected 3 × Tg-AD mice represent a practical model to study the seeding and spread of Tau pathology, their effect on Aβ pathology, and the effect of Tau immunotherapy on both Tau and Aβ pathologies. Immunization with Tau antibody 43D to Tau 6-18 can prevent the seeding and spread of Tau pathology, making it a potential therapeutic treatment for AD and related tauopathies.
Modeling Interconnect Variability Using Efficient Parametric Model Order Reduction (2007)

Assessing IC manufacturing process fluctuations and their impacts on IC interconnect performance has become unavoidable for modern DSM designs. However, the construction of parametric interconnect models is often hampered by the rapid increase in computational cost and model complexity. In this paper we present an efficient yet accurate parametric model order reduction algorithm for addressing the variability of IC interconnect performance. The efficiency of the approach lies in a novel combination of low-rank matrix approximation and multi-parameter moment matching. The complexity of the proposed parametric model order reduction is as low as that of a standard Krylov subspace method when applied to a nominal system. Under the projection-based framework, our algorithm also preserves the passivity of the resulting parametric models.
Natural Product Glycosyltransferases: Properties and Applications (2009)

This chapter contains sections titled: Introduction Glycosyltransferase Sequence, Structure, and Mechanism In Vitro Characterization of Natural Product Glycosyltransferases Engineering Glycosyltransferases Conclusions References
New technology concept for two-stage liquefaction of coal (1985)

Hydrocarbon Research, Inc. (HRI) has completed the first year of a two-year study for the evaluation of a ''New Technology Concept for Two-Stage Liquefaction of Coal''. A two-stage liquefaction process concept has been developed and demonstrated which features two closely coupled, catalytic ebullated-bed reaction stages, with the first stage operated at low temperature to achieve efficient hydrogenation. This report covers the first year's program which was devoted to the study of Illinois No. 6 bituminous coal. Experimental investigations included nine runs in a continuous bench unit covering 176 days of on-stream operation, and over 700 supporting batch microautoclave tests. A wide range of process variables, including temperature, residence time, pressure, and recycle composition, were evaluated. Several different catalysts were also tested. Product characterization studies by other DOE contractors, which support the conclusions presented by HRI, are also appended. Process development studies culminated in a 25-day bench-scale demonstration run, at conditions selected based on the results of previous process variable runs. This run achieved C/sub 4/-975/sup 0/F distillate yields of 65 W % (or 4.2 barrels per ton) of moisture, ash free coal. Lower yields of gas and residuum, as well as improved product qualities relative to previous single stage andmore » alternative configuration two-stage studies, were also demonstrated. Liquid products were considerably more aliphatic or petroleum-like than those produced from other two-stage processes. The efficient hydrogenation conditions of the first stage, where coal is substantially liquefied simultaneously with catalytic hydrogenation of recycle and product oils, make this a unique process concept and are considered the key to the outstanding results obtained. 39 figs., 90 tabs.« less
Cyclin-dependent Kinase 5 (Cdk5) Activation Domain of Neuronal Cdk5 Activator (1997)

Neuronal Cdk5 activator (Nck5a) differs from other cyclin-dependent kinase (Cdk) activators in that its amino acid sequence is only marginally similar to the cyclin consensus sequence. Nevertheless, computer modeling has suggested that Nck5a contains the cyclin-fold motif recently identified in the crystal structure of cyclin A. In the present study, a number of truncation mutants and substitution mutants of the Nck5a were produced and tested for the Cdk5 activation and Cdk5 binding activity. The active domain of Nck5a determined by using the truncation mutants consists of the region spanning residues 150 to 291. The size of Nck5a active domain is essentially the same as that of cyclin A required for Cdk2 activation (Lees, E. M., and Harlow, E. (1993) Mol. Cell. Biol. 13, 1194-1201). The change, or the lack of change, in Cdk5 activation activity observed with a number of substitution mutants may be understood on the basis of structure and function relationship of cyclin A. These results provide support to the previous suggestion (Brown, N. R., Noble, M. E. M., Endicott, J. A., Garman, E. F., Wakatsuki, S., Mitchell, E., Rasmussen, B., Hunt, T., and Johnson, L. N. (1995) Structure 3, 1235-1247) that the activation domain of Nck5a adopts a conformation similar to that of cyclin A. They also provide a partial answer to the question of how Nck5a, a non-cyclin, activates a cyclin-dependent kinase.
Numerical Performance Characterization of an Innovative Micro-Scale Electrohydrodynamic Conduction Pumping Device (2017)

As technological advances lead to miniaturization of high power electronics, the concentration of heat generating components per area increases to the point of requiring innovative, integrated cooling solutions to maintain operational temperatures. Traditional coolant pumps have many moving parts, making them susceptible to mechanical failure and requiring periodic maintenance. Such devices are too complex to be miniaturized and embedded in small scale systems. Electrohydrodynamic (EHD) conduction pumps offer an alternative way of generating fluid flow in small scales for use in modern thermal control systems for high power electronics, both for terrestrial and aerospace applications. In EHD conduction, the interaction between an applied electrical field and the dissociation of electrolyte species in a dielectric fluid generates an accumulation of space charge near the electrodes, known as heterocharge layers. These layers apply electric body forces in the fluid, resulting in a flow in the desired direction based on the pump characteristics. EHD conduction pumps work with dielectric fluids and have simple, flexible designs with no moving parts. These pumps have very low power consumption, operate reliably for longer periods than mechanical pumps, and have the ability to operate in microgravity. EHD conduction pumps have been previously proven effective for heat transfer enhancement in multiple size scales, but were only studied in a flush ring or flush flat electrode configurations at the micro-scale. This study provides the pressure and flow rate generation performance characterization for a micro-scale pump with perforated electrodes, designed to be manufactured and assembled using innovative techniques, and incorporated into an evaporator embedded in an electronic cooling system. The performance of the pump is numerically simulated based on the fully coupled equations of the EHD conduction model, showcasing the distinctive heterocharge layer structure and subsequent force generation unique to this innovative design.
Characterization of coals responding to froth conditioning (1982)

Froth flotation of coal is growing in importance and complexity. Some of the reasons for these changes are: A need exists for energy and resource conservation, preparation plants are processing widely varying coal -- deep seam, strip and stockpiled either separately or as blends, more fines are being generated because more mines are using automatic mining equipment, it is more practical and economical to remove ash and sulfur at the preparation plant than during utilization. Research efforts to improve flotation processing led to the development of froth conditioning. Froth conditioning is the application of chemical reagents specifically designed to restore the coal's hydrophobicity.
Two-Axis Direct Fluid Shear Stress Sensor for Aerodynamic Applications (2011)

This miniature or micro-sized semiconductor sensor design provides direct, nonintrusive measurement of skin friction or wall shear stress in fluid flow situations in a two-axis configuration. The sensor is fabricated by microelectromechanical system (MEMS) technology, enabling small size and multiple, low-cost reproductions. The sensors may be fabricated by bonding a sensing element wafer to a fluid-coupling element wafer. Using this layered machine structure provides a truly three-dimensional device.
The Interaction of Highly Helical Structural Mutants with the NOP Receptor Discloses the Role of the Address Domain of Nociceptin/Orphanin FQ (2005)

Nociceptin is a heptadecapeptide whose sequence is similar to that of Dynorphin A, sharing a message domain characterized by two glycines and two aromatic residues, and a highly basic C-terminal address domain but, in spite of these similarities, displays no opioid activity. Establishing the relative importance of the message and address domains of nociceptin has so far been hampered by its extreme conformational flexibility. Here we show that mutants of this peptide, designed to increase the helical content in the address domain, can be employed to explain the mode of interaction with the NOP receptor. Nociceptin analogues in which Ala residues are substituted with aminoisobutyric acid (Aib) show a substantial increment of activity in their interaction with the NOP receptor. The increment of biological activity was attributed to the well-documented ability of Aib to induce helicity. Here we have verified this working hypothesis by a conformational investigation extended to new analogues in which the role of Aib is taken up by Leu. The NMR conformational analysis confirms that all Ala/Aib peptides as well as [Leu(7,11)]-N/OFQ-amide and [Leu(11,15)]-N/OFQ-amide mutants (N/OFQ=nociceptin/orphanin FQ) have comparable helix content in helix-promoting media. We show that the helical address domain of nociceptin can place key basic residues at an optimal distance from complementary acidic groups of the EL(2) loop of the receptor. Our structural data are used to rationalize pharmacological data which show that although [Leu(11,15)]-N/OFQ-amide has an activity comparable to those of Ala/Aib peptides, [Leu(7,11)]-N/OFQ-amide is less active than N/OFQ-amide. We hypothesize that bulky residues cannot be hosted in or near the hinge region (Thr(5)-Gly(6)-Ala(7)) without severe steric clash with the receptor. This hypothesis is also consistent with previous data on this hinge region obtained by systematic substitution of Thr, Gly, and Ala with Pro.
Hybrid Interleaved Space Vector PWM for Ripple Reduction in Modular Converters (2010)

This paper addresses the problem of optimizing space vector PWM (SVM) for interleaved, parallel-connected, three-phase voltage source converters to reduce total harmonic distortion (THD) of the total line current. A systematic approach is presented for designing hybrid SVM schemes involving multiple sequences, including those based on active state division, and different phase shifts to reduce current ripple. First, the effect of different phase shifts on the current ripple is investigated and it is shown that using standard phase shifts yields performance close to optimal. Second, a zone-division plot is generated based on all sequence-phase shift combinations. The plot shows spatial regions within a sector where a certain sequence-phase shift combination results in the lowest rms current ripple in one switching period, and thus represents the optimal hybrid scheme. Lastly, simplified, easy-to-implement quasi-optimal SVM schemes are derived from the zone-division plot based on specific application requirements, and their performances are compared with the optimal scheme. The application of the proposed approach to a two-converter case is discussed in detail. A simple, quasi-optimal SVM scheme is proposed for grid-connected applications with analytical and experimental results confirming significant reduction in current THD. Finally, extension to three- and four-converter cases is discussed.
Cryogenic characterization of low-cost Joule-Thomson coolers (2000)

This paper highlights two main achievements which were performed by AIR LIQUIDE during the last decade in the field of low cost Joule-Thomson coolers. On one hand, in order to comply with new geometrical requirements, AIR LIQUIDE is able to propose a flat cooler. This compact geometry is enabled by a new, cheap, type of heat exchanger. It offers a better resistance to external vibrations. On the other hand AIR LIQUIDE has developed, in the frame of a commercial program, a complete cryogenic cooling system, composed of a dual flow Joule-Thomson cooler, a pressurized gas capacity equipped with a manifold block and a pyrotechnic actuator, and the requested pipes and connectors. The dual flow is enabled by flexion of a washer made of shape memory alloy.