gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Proof of principle for helmet-mounted display image quality tester (2003)

Helmet mounted displays (HMDs) provide essential pilotage and fire control imagery information for pilots. To maintain system integrity and readiness, there is a need to develop an image quality-testing tool for HMDs. There is currently no such tool. A framework for development of an image quality tester for the Integrated Helmet and Display Sighting System (IHADSS) used in the U.S. Army's AH-64 was proposed in Hsieh et al. This paper presents the prototype development, summarizes the bench test findings using three IHADSS helmet display units (HDUs), and concludes with recommendations for future directions. The prototype consists of hardware (two cameras, sensors, image capture/data acquisition cards, battery pack, HDU holder, moveable rack and handle, and computer) and software algorithms for image capture and analysis. Two cameras with different apertures were mounted in parallel on a rack facing the HDU holder. A handle was designed to allow users to position the HDU in front of the two cameras. The HMD test pattern was then captured. Sensors are used to detect the position of the holder and whether the HDU was angled correctly in relation to the camera. Two sets of unified algorithms were designed to detect features presented by the two cameras. These features include focus, orientation, displacement, field-of-view, and number of gray-shades. Images of test pattern were captured and analyzed, and used to develop a specification for each inspection feature. Experiments were conducted to verify the robustness of the algorithms. A worst-case scenario for factors such as clock-wise and counterclockwise tilt, degree of focus, magnitude of brightness and contrast, and shifted images were set up and evaluated. Bench testing of three field-quality HDUs indicate that the image analysis algorithms are robust and able to detect the desired image features. Suggested future work includes development of a learning algorithm to automatically develop or revise feature specifications as the number of inspection samples increases.
Smokey comes of age: unmanned aerial systems for fire management (2016)

During the past century, fire management has focused on techniques both to protect human communities from catastrophic wildfire and to maintain fire‐dependent ecological systems. However, despite a large and increasing allocation of resources and personnel to achieve these goals, fire management objectives at regional to global scales are not being met. Current fire management techniques are clearly inadequate for the challenges faced by fire managers, and technological innovations are needed. Advances in unmanned aerial systems ( UAS ) technology provide opportunities for innovation in fire management and science. In many countries, fire management organizations are beginning to explore the potential of UAS for monitoring fires. We have taken the next step and developed a prototype that can precisely ignite fires as part of wildfire suppression tactics or prescribed fires (fire intentionally ignited within predetermined conditions to reduce hazardous fuels, improve habitat, or mitigate for large wildfires). We discuss the potential for these technologies to benefit fire management activities, while acknowledging the sizeable sociopolitical barriers that prevent their immediate broad application.
Effect of defibrillation on the performance of an implantable vagus nerve stimulation system (2021)

Implantable VNS systems were tested for immunity to defibrillation, and were found to be unaffected by a series of high-energy defibrillation pulses. These results suggest that this VNS system can be used safely and continue to function after patients have been defibrillated.
Heteroarene-fused benzodiazepines. Part 1. Synthesis of thieno-[2,3-b][1,5]-, -[3,2-b][1,5]-, and -[3,4-b][1,5]-benzodiazepinones (1978)

The synthesis of the 4H-thieno-[2,3-b][1,5]-, -[3,2-b][1,5]-, and -[3,4-b][1,5]-benzodiazepinone ring systems is described. Sodium methylsulphinylmethanide was used for the intramolecular cyclisation of the intermediate amino-esters (5), (9), and (14). However, attempted cyclisation of ethyl 2-(2-amino-4-fluoroanilino)-5-ethyl-thiophen-3-carboxylate (5b) with sodium hydride at a higher temperature caused rearrangement to a benzimidazolone (12).
Breast Imaging Reporting and Data System (BI‐RADS) breast composition descriptors: Automated measurement development for full field digital mammography (2013)

A general framework was developed and validated for converting calibrated mammograms and continuous measures of breast density to fully automated approximations for the BI-RADS breast composition descriptors. The techniques are general and suitable for a broad range of clinical and research applications.
COSMOS: Peer-to-Peer Collaborative Streaming Among Mobiles (2006)

In traditional mobile streaming networks such as 3G cellular networks, all users pull streams from a server. Such pull model leads to high streaming cost and problem in system scalability. In this paper, we propose and investigate a scalable and cost-effective protocol to distribute multimedia content to mobiles in a peer-to-peer manner. Our protocol, termed collaborative streaming among mobiles (COSMOS), makes use of multiple description coding (MDC) and data sharing to achieve high performance. In COSMOS, only a few peers pull video descriptions through a telecommunication channel. Using a free broadcast channel (such as Wi-Fi and Bluetooth), they share the descriptions to nearby neighbors in an ad-hoc manner. This way reduces greatly the telecommunication cost and cellular bandwidth requirement. As video descriptions are supplied by multiple peers, COSMOS is robust to peer failure. Since broadcasting is used to distribute video data, the protocol is highly scalable to large number of users. By taking turns to pull descriptions, we show through simulation that peers can effectively share, and hence substantially reduce, streaming cost. As peers can often obtain a number of descriptions from nearby neighbors, they enjoy lower delay as compared to a recent scheme CHUM
In vivo intermolecular double-quantum imaging on a clinical 1.5 T MR scanner (2000)

A novel MRI method based on the intermolecular double-quantum coherence (DQC) for soft tissues is described. DQC images of human brain were obtained for the first time on a whole-body 1.5 T scanner. The combination of quantum and classical formalisms was used to characterize multiple-quantum coherences, and to aid in the design of a DQC imaging sequence. The theoretical analysis suggests that signals from the intermolecular DQCs have higher sensitivity than those from the zero-quantum coherence (ZQC) for human brain, and the sensitivity increases with increased field strength. The DQC signal may provide a new form of contrast for MRI.
Non-aqueous spray during as a route to ultrafine ceramic powders (1988)

Spray drying imparts unique powder handling features to a wide variety of dried products and is usually carried out in a heated air stream while feeding an aqueous suspension of some solid material. The present work, however, describes non-aqueous spray drying as a means of preparing fine powders of metal oxides. In this case an alcohol solvent was used in place of water and the slurry sprayed under an inert atmosphere. Using the non-aqueous technique, the product consists of distinct but loosely aggregated primary particles. Such materials have potential for use as catalysts or catalyst supports.
Piezoelectric Energy Harvesting with an Ultrasonic Vibration Source (2019)

A piezoelectric energy harvester was developed in this paper. It is actuated by the vibration leakage from the nodal position of a high-power ultrasonic cutting transducer. The harvester was excited at a low displacement amplitude (0.73 µmpp). However, its operation frequency is quite high and reaches the ultrasonic range (24.4 kHz). Compared with another low frequency harvester (66 Hz), both theoretical and experimental results proved that the advantages of this high frequency harvester include (i) high current generation capability (up to 20 mApp compared to 1.3 mApp of the 66 Hz transducer) and (ii) low impedance matching resistance (500 Ω in contrast to 50 kΩ of the 66 Hz transducer). This energy harvester can be applied either in sensing, or vibration controlling, or simply energy harvesting in a high-power ultrasonic system.
The Geometry of Differential Privacy: the Sparse and Approximate Cases (2012)

In this work, we study trade-offs between accuracy and privacy in the context of linear queries over histograms. This is a rich class of queries that includes contingency tables and range queries, and has been a focus of a long line of work. For a set of $d$ linear queries over a database $x \in \R^N$, we seek to find the differentially private mechanism that has the minimum mean squared error. For pure differential privacy, an $O(\log^2 d)$ approximation to the optimal mechanism is known. Our first contribution is to give an $O(\log^2 d)$ approximation guarantee for the case of $(\eps,\delta)$-differential privacy. Our mechanism is simple, efficient and adds correlated Gaussian noise to the answers. We prove its approximation guarantee relative to the hereditary discrepancy lower bound of Muthukrishnan and Nikolov, using tools from convex geometry. 
We next consider this question in the case when the number of queries exceeds the number of individuals in the database, i.e. when $d > n \triangleq \|x\|_1$. It is known that better mechanisms exist in this setting. Our second main contribution is to give an $(\eps,\delta)$-differentially private mechanism which is optimal up to a $\polylog(d,N)$ factor for any given query set $A$ and any given upper bound $n$ on $\|x\|_1$. This approximation is achieved by coupling the Gaussian noise addition approach with a linear regression step. We give an analogous result for the $\eps$-differential privacy setting. We also improve on the mean squared error upper bound for answering counting queries on a database of size $n$ by Blum, Ligett, and Roth, and match the lower bound implied by the work of Dinur and Nissim up to logarithmic factors. 
The connection between hereditary discrepancy and the privacy mechanism enables us to derive the first polylogarithmic approximation to the hereditary discrepancy of a matrix $A$.
Approaches to a color scannerless range imaging system (2002)

Capturing range data for every pixel within an image has the potential for a wide array of new imaging applications. While there are many approaches to accomplishing this goal, one that has been the subject of current research and advanced development is the so-called scannerless range imaging system (SRI) that is based upon an innovation by M.W. Scott (1990) from Sandia National Laboratories. While the design of the SRI system has many desirable features, one of its limitations has been the inability to capture full color images along with the range data. To overcome this limitation several approaches have been proposed. This paper reviews the fundamental SRI concept, describes the alternative approaches to achieve a color version of the system and the advantages, the technological risks, and the limitations of each approach.
Fast‐twitch sarcomeric and glycolytic enzyme protein loss in inclusion body myositis (2009)

Inclusion body myositis (IBM) is an inflammatory disease of skeletal muscle of unknown cause. To further understand the nature of the tissue injury in this disease, we developed methods for large-scale detection and quantitation of proteins in muscle biopsy samples and analyzed proteomic data produced by these methods together with histochemical, immunohistochemical, and microarray data. Twenty muscle biopsy samples from patients with inflammatory myopathies (n = 17) or elderly subjects without neuromuscular disease (n = 3) were profiled by proteomic studies using liquid chromatographic separation of peptides followed by mass spectrometry. Thirteen of the diseased samples additionally underwent microarray studies. Seventy muscle specimens from patients with a range of neuromuscular disorders were examined by ATPase histochemical methods. Smaller numbers of samples underwent immunohistochemical and immunoblot studies. Mass spectrometric studies identified and quantified approximately 300 total distinct proteins in each muscle sample. In IBM and to a lesser extent in polymyositis, proteomic studies confirmed by histochemical, immunohistochemical, and immunoblot studies showed loss of many fast-twitch specific structural proteins and glycolytic enzymes despite relative preservation of transcript levels. Increased abundance of a nuclear membrane protein, immunoglobulins, and two calpain-3 substrates were present. The atrophy present in IBM muscle is accompanied by preferential loss of fast-twitch structural proteins and glycolytic enzymes, particularly glycogen debranching enzyme, with relative preservation of the abundance of their respective transcripts. Although muscle atrophy has long been recognized in IBM, these studies are the first to report specific proteins which are reduced in quantity in IBM muscle.
Physical vapor deposition of multilayer lead-zirconate-titanate films for ultrasonic transducer fabrication (2002)

Creare is developing microfabrication techniques to manufacture low-cost, two-dimensional ultrasonic transducer arrays with multilayer piezoelectric elements. The approach is scaleable for fabrication of arrays in the frequency range of 1-100 MHz in dense or sparse array designs. Our approach employs the following processes: (1) high-rate physical vapor deposition (sputtering) of high-quality, dense, perovskite lead-zirconate-titanate (PZT) films as the piezoelectric material using reactive sputtering of a metallic target and (2) photolithography and masking to provide the interlayer electrodes. A 50 /spl mu/m thick PZT film was used to measure a thickness mode coupling coefficient of approximately 0.4.
Metabolites of Ginger Component [6]-Shogaol Remain Bioactive in Cancer Cells and Have Low Toxicity in Normal Cells: Chemical Synthesis and Biological Evaluation (2013)

Our previous study found that [6]-shogaol, a major bioactive component in ginger, is extensively metabolized in cancer cells and in mice. It is unclear whether these metabolites retain bioactivity. The aim of the current study is to synthesize the major metabolites of [6]-shogaol and evaluate their inhibition of growth and induction of apoptosis in human cancer cells. Twelve metabolites of [6]-shogaol (M1, M2, and M4-M13) were successfully synthesized using simple and easily accessible chemical methods. Growth inhibition assays showed that most metabolites of [6]-shogaol had measurable activities against human cancer cells HCT-116 and H-1299. In particular, metabolite M2 greatly retained the biological activities of [6]-shogaol, with an IC(50) of 24.43 µM in HCT-116 human colon cancer cells and an IC(50) of 25.82 µM in H-1299 human lung cancer cells. Also exhibiting a relatively high potency was thiol-conjugate M13, with IC(50) values of 45.47 and 47.77 µM toward HCT-116 and H-1299 cells, respectively. The toxicity evaluation of the synthetic metabolites (M1, M2, and M4-M13) against human normal fibroblast colon cells CCD-18Co and human normal lung cells IMR-90 demonstrated a detoxifying metabolic biotransformation of [6]-shogaol. The most active metabolite M2 had almost no toxicity to CCD-18Co and IMR-90 normal cells with IC(50)s of 99.18 and 98.30 µM, respectively. TUNEL (Terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick end labeling) assay indicated that apoptosis was triggered by metabolites M2, M13, and its two diastereomers M13-1 and M13-2. There was no significant difference between the apoptotic effect of [6]-shogaol and the effect of M2 and M13 after 6 hour treatment.
Enforcing isolation and ordering in STM (2007)

Transactional memory provides a new concurrency control mechanism that avoids many of the pitfalls of lock-based synchronization. High-performance software transactional memory (STM) implementations thus far provide weak atomicity : Accessing shared data both inside and outside a transaction can result in unexpected, implementation-dependent behavior. To guarantee isolation and consistent ordering in such a system, programmers are expected to enclose all shared-memory accesses inside transactions. A system that provides strong atomicity guarantees isolation even in the presence of threads that access shared data outside transactions. A strongly-atomic system also orders transactions with conflicting non-transactional memory operations in a consistent manner. In this paper, we discuss some surprising pitfalls of weak atomicity, and we present an STM system that avoids these problems via strong atomicity. We demonstrate how to implement non-transactional data accesses via efficient read and write barriers, and we present compiler optimizations that further reduce the overheads of these barriers. We introduce a dynamic escape analysis that differentiates private and public data at runtime to make barriers cheaper and a static not-accessed-in-transaction analysis that removes many barriers completely. Our results on a set of Java programs show that strong atomicity can be implemented efficiently in a high-performance STM system.
Channel estimation methods for preamble‐based OFDM/OQAM modulations (2008)

Abstract In this paper, OFDM/OQAM is proposed as an alternative to conventional OFDM with cyclic prefix (CP) for transmission over multi‐path fading channels. Two typical features of the OFDM/OQAM modulation are the absence of a guard interval (GI) and the fact that the orthogonality property only holds in the real field and for a distortion‐free channel. Thus, the classical channel estimation (CE) methods used for OFDM cannot be directly applied to OFDM/OQAM. Therefore, we propose an analysis of the transmission of an OFDM/OQAM signal through a time‐varying multi‐path channel and we derive two new CE methods. The first proposed method only requires the use of pair of real pilots (POP). In a second method, named interference approximation method (IAM), we show how the imaginary interference can be used to improve the CE quality. Several preamble variants of the IAM are compared with respect to the resulting instantaneous power. Finally, the performance results obtained for the transmission of an OFDM/OQAM signal through an IEEE 802.22 channel using the POP method and three variants of IAM are compared to those obtained with CP‐OFDM. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
<title>Remote spectroscopy using mid-IR fiber-coupled laboratory apparatus</title> (1992)

Instrument accessories for remote infrared spectroscopy have been developed employing chalcogenide fiber. The fiber probes, designed for immersion in standard laboratory hardware, provide scientists with new possibilities for acquiring spectral signatures between 3400 cm-1 and 850 cm-1 for quantitative analysis of a wide variety of solutions, mixtures, sludge, mud, creams, and gels, including biological samples.
Effect of Accessory Sex Gland Fluid from Bulls of Differing Fertilities On the Ability of Cauda Epididymal Sperm to Penetrate Zona-Free Bovine Oocytes1 (1995)

The ability of accessory sex gland fluid to affect the fertility of cauda epididymal sperm was evaluated for 10 bulls that ranged in fertility from 6.2% below to 6.0% above the average fertility of bulls at artificial breeding cooperatives. Cauda epididymal sperm collected from indwelling vasa deferentia catheters and cauda epididymal sperm exposed to accessory sex gland fluid from the same bull were compared on the basis of their rates of in vitro penetration of zona-free oocytes after heterospermic insemination. Incubation of cauda epididymal sperm with accessory sex gland fluid significantly enhanced the ability to penetrate oocytes, and bull fertility affected the magnitude of this improvement. For bulls of average and higher fertility, the positive influence of accessory sex gland fluid on penetrating ability of sperm was highly significant (p < 0.0001). Accessory sex gland fluid from bulls of below-average fertility also improved the penetrating ability of cauda epididymal sperm, although not significantly (p = 0.07). Heterospermic competitions compared the penetrating ability of cauda epididymal sperm exposed to homologous accessory sex gland fluid with a portion of the same sperm population incubated in heterologous accessory sex gland fluid from a bull of contrasting fertility. In experiments involving sperm from 12 different bulls, paired in 42 fertile/subfertile combinations, samples of cauda epididymal sperm mixed with accessory sex gland fluid from the higher-fertility bulls had greater oocyte-penetrating ability than when aliquots of that sample were mixed with accessory gland fluid from lower-fertility bulls (p < 0.0001).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
High‐Resolution and High‐Throughput Plasmonic Photopatterning of Complex Molecular Orientations in Liquid Crystals (2016)

A plasmonic photopatterning technique is proposed and demonstrated for aligning the molecular orientation in liquid crystals (LCs) in patterns with designer complexity. Using plasmonic metamasks in which target molecular directors are encoded, LC alignments of arbitrary planar patterns can be achieved in a repeatable and scalable fashion withunprecedentedly high spatial resolution and high throughput.
Sampling of pulse streams: Achieving the rate of innovation (2010)

We consider the problem of sampling signals which are comprised of pulse streams. This model belongs to the recently introduced framework of signals with finite rate of innovation. The minimal sampling rate for such signals is the number of degrees of freedom per unit of time, referred to as the rate of innovation. Although sampling of pulse streams was treated in various works, either the rate of innovation was not achieved, or the pulse shape was limited to diracs. In this work we propose multichannel schemes for arbitrary pulse streams, operating at the rate of innovation. The proposed approach is based on modulating the input signal in each channel with a properly chosen waveform, followed by an integrator. We show that the pulses delays and amplitudes can be recovered from the samples using standard spectral estimation tools. The resulting scheme is flexible and exhibits better noise robustness than previous approaches.
Nonionic cleavable ortho ester surfactants (2000)

Abstract A new class of cleavable surfactants based on the ortho ester link is described. Ortho ester surfactants were synthesized from a short‐chain ortho ester, a fatty alcohol, and a poly(ethylene glycol) monomethyl ether. The triple functionality of the ortho ester link results in a mixture of surface‐active and nonsurface‐active species. Structures were confirmed by 1 H and 13 C nuclear magnetic resonance. Hydrolysis characteristics at pH values ranging from 2 to 8 were determined. It was shown that, after a steep rise, hydrolysis curves flattened out before complete hydrolysis was reached. Ortho ester surfactants hydrolyze more rapidly than corresponding acetal surfactants. Hydrolysis rates are higher for purified samples and at higher temeprature, while plateau levels are higher for the purified surfactant mixtures and at lower pH. The origin of these results is discussed. Data also indicate that the hydrolysis mechanism changes with pH. A test of the loss of emulsification capacity for an ortho ester surfactant with time at pH values from 2 to 11.5 and at 22 or 50°C was carried out, showing rapid breaking of the emulsion at mild acid conditions and a requirement of pH≥10 for long‐term stability. Surface tension and critical micelle concentration were determined for some of the surfactant mixtures. It was demonstrated that ortho ester surfactants possess excellent biodegradation properties. The new surfactants are promising candidates for use in industrial processes where temporary surfactant action is required.