gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Multiple instrument distributed aperture sensor (MIDAS) science payload concept (2004)

We describe the Multiple Instrument Distributed Aperture Sensor (MIDAS) concept, an innovative approach to future planetary science mission remote sensing that enables order of magnitude increased science return. MIDAS provides a large-aperture, wide-field, diffraction-limited telescope at a fraction of the cost, mass and volume of conventional space telescopes, by integrating advanced optical interferometry technologies. All telescope optical assemblies are integrated into MIDAS as the primary remote sensing science payload, thereby reducing the cost, resources, complexity, I&T and risks of a set of back-end science instruments (SI's) tailored to a specific mission. MIDAS interfaces to multiple science instruments, enabling sequential and concurrent functional modes, thereby expanding the potential planetary science return many fold. Passive imaging modes with MIDAS enable remote sensing at diffraction-limited resolution sequentially by each science instrument, or at lower resolution by multiple science instruments acting concurrently on the image, such as in different wavebands. Our MIDAS concept inherently provides nanometer-resolution hyperspectral passive imaging without the need for any moving parts in the science instruments. For planetary science missions, the MIDAS optical design provides high-resolution imaging for long dwell times at high altitudes, thereby enabling real-time, wide-area remote sensing of dynamic surface characteristics. In its active remote sensing modes, using an integrated solid-state laser source, MIDAS enables LIDAR, vibrometry, surface illumination, and various active or ablative spectroscopies. Our concept is scalable to apertures well over 10m, achieved by autonomous deployments or manned assembly in space. MIDAS is a proven candidate for future planetary science missions, enabled by our continued investments in focused MIDAS technology development areas. In this paper we present the opto-mechanical design for a 1.5m MIDAS point design, including its accommodation of back-end science instruments.
Propagation of an amplifiable recombinant plasmid in <i>Saccharomyces cerevisiae:</i> flow cytometry studies and segregated modeling (1990)

Efficient expression of a foreign protein product by the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae requires a stable recombinant vector present at a high number of copies per cell. A conditional centromere yeast plasmid was constructed which can be amplified to high copy number by a process of unequal partitioning at cell division, followed by selection for increased copy number. However, in the absence of selection pressure for plasmid amplification, copy number rapidly drops from 25 plasmids/cell to 6 plasmids/cell in less than 10 generations of growth. Copy number subsequently decreases from 6 plasmids/cell to 2 plasmids/cell over a span of 50 generations. A combination of flow cytometric measurement of copy number distributions and segregated mathematical modeling were applied to test the predictions of a conceptual model of conditional centromere plasmid propagation. Measured distributions of plasmid content displayed a significant subpopulation of cells with a copy number of 4-6, even in a population whose mean copy number was 13.5. This type of copy number distribution was reproduced by a mathematical model which assumes that a maximum of 4-6 centromere plasmids per cell can be stably partitioned at cell division. The model also reproduces the observed biphasic kinetics of plasmid number instability. The agreement between simulation and experimental results provides support for the proposed model and demonstrates the utility of the flow cytometry/segregated modeling approach for the study of multicopy recombinant vector propagation.
Isolation and Characterization of Endothelium-Dependent Vasorelaxing Compounds from Grape Seeds (2000)

Previous work has shown that red wines, grape juices, and other grape products cause endothelium-dependent relaxation (EDR) of blood vessels in vitro by increasing nitric oxide production. In this paper we describe the isolation and characterization of some of the compounds responsible for EDR activity. Concord grape seeds were extracted with methanol and the compounds were separated by Toyopearl TSK HW-40S chromatography. Resulting fractions (primarily phenolic acids, catechins, and proanthocyanidins) were further separated semipreparatively by reversed-phase HPLC, and peaks were collected and bioassayed for EDR activity using the rat aorta preparation. EDR-active compounds were subsequently characterized by HPLC retention times and electrospray-ion-trap mass spectrometry. The compounds exhibiting the most EDR activity were proanthocyanidin trimers, tetramers, pentamers, and polymers and their gallates, as well as a dimer gallate (EC50 values in the range of 0.6-2.5 microg catechin equivalents/mL). These compounds should be useful for in vitro and in vivo studies, particularly as they relate to improvement of cardiovascular function.
New Form of an Old Natural Dye: Bay-Annulated Indigo (BAI) as an Excellent Electron Accepting Unit for High Performance Organic Semiconductors (2014)

A novel electron acceptor was synthesized from one-step functionalization of the readily available indigo dye. The resulting bay-annulated indigo (BAI) was utilized for the preparation of a series of novel donor-acceptor small molecules and polymers. As revealed experimentally and by theoretical calculations, substituted BAIs have stronger electron accepting characteristics when compared to several premier electron deficient building blocks. As a result, the donor-acceptor materials incorporating BAI acceptor possess low-lying LUMO energy levels and small HOMO-LUMO gaps. In situ grazing incidence wide-angle X-ray scattering studies of the thin films of BAI donor-acceptor polymers indicated improved crystallinity upon thermal treatment. Field effect transistors based on these polymers show excellent ambipolar transporting behavior, with the hole and electron mobilities reaching 1.5 and 0.41 cm(2) V(-1) s(-1), respectively, affirming BAI as a potent electron accepting unit for high performance organic electronic materials.
Molecular Cloning of Complementary DNA for Human Medullasin: An Inflammatory Serine Protease in Bone Marrow Cells (1987)

Medullasin, an inflammatory serine protease in bone marrow cells, modifies the functions of natural killer cells, monocytes, and granulocytes. We have cloned a medullasin cDNA from a human acute promyelocytic cell (ML3) cDNA library using oligonucleotide probes synthesized from the information of N-terminal amino acid sequence of natural medullasin. The cDNA contained a long open reading frame encoding 237 amino acid residues beginning from the second amino acid of natural meduallasin. The deduced amino acid sequence of medullasin shows a typical serine protease structure, with 41% homology with pig elastase 1.
Salivary Gland Thrombostasin Isoforms Differentially Regulate Blood Uptake of Horn Flies Fed on New Zealand White Rabbits (2009)

Thrombostasin (TS) is a previously characterized anticlotting protein with multiple isoforms found in the saliva of horn flies. In this report, the effect of TS isoforms on blood feeding was assessed using individual flies that carried corresponding ts allelles. Laboratory studies of horn fly blood feeding were conducted using colony-reared flies fed on New Zealand White (NZW) rabbits. After timed 20-min feeding periods, each fly was characterized for gender, blood volume uptake, and ts genotype. The results showed that mean blood volumes obtained by individual flies were not related to fly gender but were correlated to the ts genotype(s) carried by each fly. A fly having one or both ts alleles coding for the TS9 isoform took less blood than those possessing one or both ts alleles coding for the TS10 isoform. These results confirm the significant role that TS plays in horn fly feeding and highlight the differential impact of TS protein isoforms that vary by as few as three amino acids.
STHoles (2001)

Attributes of a relation are not typically independent. Multidimensional histograms can be an effective tool for accurate multiattribute query selectivity estimation. In this paper, we introduce STHoles, a “workload-aware” histogram that allows bucket nesting to capture data regions with reasonably uniform tuple density. STHoles histograms are built without examining the data sets, but rather by just analyzing query results. Buckets are allocated where needed the most as indicated by the workload, which leads to accurate query selectivity estimations. Our extensive experiments demonstrate that STHoles histograms consistently produce good selectivity estimates across synthetic and real-world data sets and across query workloads, and, in many cases, outperform the best multidimensional histogram techniques that require access to and processing of the full data sets during histogram construction.
Selective in vitro expansion of HLA class I-restricted HIV-1 Gag-specific CD8 + T cells (1993)

PFA-fixed rVV-Gag-infected autologous B-LCL can be used as stimulator cells in bulk PBMC cultures to identify CTL epitopes and to determine CTLp frequencies. This method will facilitate the analysis of HIV-1-specific CTL responses in HIV-infected and vaccinated individuals.
Optically-secured bidirectional adaptive software-defined optical sensor network architecture (2017)

In this paper, we propose an adaptive software-defined optical sensor network (SDOSN) architecture that is capable to host programmable sensors ranging from several thousands to several millions. Sensing process is of low cost, but highly accurate and capable of closely approaching the optical channel capacity. The proposed SDOSN architecture is interoperable with existing optical networks infrastructure. Both the existing dark fibers can be used together with the fiber infrastructure being in use. Additionally, the proposed SDOSN is programmable at runtime to change sensor network topology, active sensors, and their functions to accommodate current sensor network objectives and applications. The proposed sensor network is cost-effective and leverages the emerging virtual network technologies and software defined network paradigms. Additionally the orbital angular momentum (OAM) is used as an additional degree of freedom (DOF) with the purpose to: (i) secure sensor data and (ii) provide a new DOF, OAM multiplexing, to support a larger number of sensor nodes.
A Simple Angle of Arrival Estimation System (2017)

We propose a practical, simple and hardware friendly, yet novel and very efficient, angle of arrival (AoA) estimation system. Our intuitive, two-phases cross-correlation based system requires a switched beam antenna array with a single radio frequency chain. Our system cross correlates a reference omni-directional signal with a set of received directed signals to determine the AoA. Practicality and high efficiency of our system are demonstrated through performance and complexity comparisons with multiple signal classification algorithm.
Dislocation mediated surface morphology of GaN (1999)

The surfaces of GaN films grown by metalorganic chemical vapor deposition (MOCVD) and molecular beam epitaxy (MBE) were studied using atomic force microscopy (AFM). Due to the high dislocation densities in the films (108 cm−2), the typical surface morphologies of layers grown by both techniques were dominated by three dislocation mediated surface structures—pinned steps, spiral hillocks, and surface depressions. The characteristics of these surface structures were found to depend on growth technique (MOCVD vs MBE) and the group-III to group-V ratio used in the growth of MBE GaN films. Pinned steps, created by the intersections of mixed character dislocations with the free surface, were found on all GaN films. The pinned steps were observed to be predominantly straight on the MOCVD GaN and curved into spiral hillock formations on the MBE GaN. Spiral growth hillocks form when pinned steps grow outward and around the dislocation under step-flow growth conditions. The tightness of the spiral hillocks on MBE GaN surfaces was found to increases with III/V ratio. Surface depressions, caused by the high strain-energy density near dislocations, were also observed on the surfaces of the GaN films. Two characteristic depression sizes were found on all MOCVD GaN films whereas depressions were observed only on MBE GaN films grown with low III/V ratios. These observations are explained using theories developed by Burton, Cabrera, and Frank [Philos. Trans. R. Soc. London, Ser. A 243, 299 (1951)] and Frank [Acta Crystallogr. 4, 497 (1951)].
Miniaturised stretch processed radar transceiver (2017)

A miniaturisation of an architecture novel for an S‐band radar testbed is reported. The fabricated radar is a low‐cost, high‐performance and printed circuit board (PCB)‐based system. The system and its individual sub‐stages along with the miniaturised radar prototype have been simulated using advanced design system and applied wave research. Printed filters replacing bulky microwave components and impedance matching techniques to minimise power losses in the amplifiers are reported. The measured results are compared with electromagnetic simulations. The reduction in the overall system package size is significant, without degrading performance. The insertion loss and signal reflections through different stages are reduced, which contributed significantly to the enhancement of the measurement. The implemented radar PCB prototype used stretch processing technique to achieve high dynamic range of 75 dB, experimentally measured over a wide signal bandwidth of 600 MHz. This achieves a range resolution of 0.25 m. The overall dynamic range of the new single‐type‐substrate system has been improved by 15 dB, while miniaturising the overall size to enable light weight portable packaging. The achieved performance is, to the best of the authors’ knowledge, the highest reported in literature for similar type of radar testbeds that can be used for advanced industrial and military applications.
Isolation, Characterization, and Functional Analysis of a Novel cDNA Clone Encoding a Small Rubber Particle Protein from Hevea brasiliensis (1999)

Biochemical evidence reported so far suggests that rubber synthesis takes place on the surface of rubber particles suspended in the latex of Hevea brasiliensis. We have isolated and characterized a cDNA clone that encodes a protein tightly bound on a small rubber particle. We named this protein small rubber particle protein (SRPP). Prior to this study, this protein was known as a latex allergen, and only its partial amino acid sequence was reported. Sequence analysis revealed that this protein is highly homologous to the rubber elongation factor and the Phaseolus vulgaris stress-related protein. Southern and Northern analyses indicate that the protein is encoded by a single gene and highly expressed in latex. An allergenicity test using the recombinant protein confirmed that the cloned cDNA encodes the known 24-kDa latex allergen. Neither ethylene stimulation nor wounding changed the transcript level of the SRPP gene in H. brasiliensis. An in vitro rubber assay showed that the protein plays a positive role in rubber biosynthesis. Therefore, it is likely that SRPP is a part of the rubber biosynthesis machinery, if not the rubber polymerase, along with the rubber elongation factor.
In Vivo Fluorescence-Based Endoscopic Detection of Colon Dysplasia in the Mouse Using a Novel Peptide Probe (2011)

Colorectal cancer (CRC) is a major cause of cancer-related deaths in much of the world. Most CRCs arise from pre-malignant (dysplastic) lesions, such as adenomatous polyps, and current endoscopic screening approaches with white light do not detect all dysplastic lesions. Thus, new strategies to identify such lesions, including non-polypoid lesions, are needed. We aim to identify and validate novel peptides that specifically target dysplastic colonic epithelium in vivo. We used phage display to identify a novel peptide that binds to dysplastic colonic mucosa in vivo in a genetically engineered mouse model of colo-rectal tumorigenesis, based on somatic Apc (adenomatous polyposis coli) gene inactivation. Binding was confirmed using confocal microscopy on biopsied adenomas and excised adenomas incubated with peptide ex vivo. Studies of mice where a mutant Kras allele was somatically activated in the colon to generate hyperplastic epithelium were also performed for comparison. Several rounds of in vivo T7 library biopanning isolated a peptide, QPIHPNNM. The fluorescent-labeled peptide bound to dysplastic lesions on endoscopic analysis. Quantitative assessment revealed the fluorescent-labeled peptide (target/background: 2.17±0.61) binds ∼2-fold greater to the colonic adenomas when compared to the control peptide (target/background: 1.14±0.15), p<0.01. The peptide did not bind to the non-dysplastic (hyperplastic) epithelium of the Kras mice. This work is first to image fluorescence-labeled peptide binding in vivo that is specific towards colonic dysplasia on wide-area surveillance. This finding highlights an innovative strategy for targeted detection to localize pre-malignant lesions that can be generalized to the epithelium of hollow organs.
Preparation and properties of sulfonated ETFE‐<i>g</i>‐polyvinyltoluene membranes for application in fuel cells (2006)

Abstract A new polymer electrolyte membrane prepared by radiation grafting of vinyltoluene into poly(ethylene‐ co ‐tetrafluoroethylene) (ETFE) film and subsequent sulfonation was developed for application in fuel cells. The effect of grafting condition on the degree of grafting was investigated in detail. Results indicated that the degree of grafting can be controlled over a wide range. The grafted films were sulfonated in a chlorosulfonic acid solution to obtain the polymer electrolyte membranes, which were characterized with respect to their use in fuel cells. It is concluded that the substituted methyl group on the vinyltoluene can improve the chemical stability of the resulting membranes, and the crosslinked ETFE‐ g ‐poly(vinyltoluene‐ co ‐divinylbenzene) membranes can be proposed for the future development of alternative low‐cost and high‐performance membranes for fuel cells. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 101: 2661–2667, 2006
<title>Tone-dependent error diffusion</title> (2001)

We present an enhanced error diffusion halftoning algorithm for which the filter weights and the quantizer thresholds vary depending on input pixel value. The weights and thresholds are optimized based on a human visual system model. Based on an analysis of the edge behavior, a tone dependent threshold is designed to reduce edge effects and start-up delay. We also propose an error diffusion system with parallel scan that uses variable weight locations to reduce worms.
Towards an active hearing protection device for musicians (2013)

Professional musicians are oftentimes exposed to high levels of sound. Prolonged or severe exposure to high sound levels could lead to permanent hearing loss and compromise their career. The logical solution would be to wear hearing protection devices (HPDs) when appropriate. However, perceptual discomfort associated with wearing HPD can discourage their use by musicians. The perceptual discomfort is caused by two detrimental effects: the occlusion effect and the isolation effect. The occlusion effect is often reported as an augmented, unnatural and annoying perception of one’s own voice or instrument mechanically coupled to the head when wearing HPDs. The isolation effect is the unnatural sensation of being isolated from a given sound environment and can be caused by wearing HPDs that do not compensate for psychoacoustical factors and therefore alter the wearer’s auditory perception. Both effects are highly unfavorable to the musicians’ auditory perception and compromise their capacity to perform to the best of their abilities for their audience. They are among the reasons most often reported by musicians to decide not to wear HPDs.\n\nThis master’s project presents the concept and first prototype of an active HPD for musicians that aims at solving the detrimental effects while protecting the musician’s hearing. A solution for the occlusion effect is presented in the form of an earplug complemented with in-ear active noise control. Practical design issues and required trade-off are analyzed through a literature review and the implementation and characterization of an active occlusion effect reduction system, allowing reduction of the occlusion effect between 8.5 and 12 dB at 250 Hz. A solution for the isolation effect is presented in the form of an earplug complemented with digital signal processing capabilities. Factors that may cause the isolation effect are identified through a literature review and corresponding algorithms that aim at re-establishing the naturalness of the auditory perception while wearing HPDs are presented through the design and implementation of an isolation effect compensation system, allowing up to 15 dB of variable uniform attenuation when used by itself. Both systems working simultaneously in the same device would result in an active HPD for musicians that reduces the occlusion effect and offers uniform variable attenuation up to 25 dB and perceived uniform attenuation up to 25 phons. The aim of this active HPD for musicians is to cause the least perceptual discomfort while protecting a musician’s most precious tool: his hearing.
CMOS-MEMS Capacitive Humidity Sensor (2009)

This paper reports a method for improving the sensitivity of integrated capacitive chemical sensors by removing the underlying substrate. The sensor is integrated with CMOS testing electronics using mask-less post-processing followed by inkjet deposition of sensitive polymer. This technique is demonstrated with a humidity sensor but could be used for other types of analytes. The measured sensitivity is 0.18% change in capacitance per percent relative humidity, a factor of four improvement over previous integrated capacitive sensors.
Composite of SI/sub 3/N/sub 4/ by infiltration (1987)

A polycrystalline composite is described consisting essentially of a continuous silicon nitride body containing a member of the group consisting of barium fluoride, calcium fluoride, magnesium fluoride, strontium fluoride, cerium fluoride, dysprosium fluoride, gadolinium fluoride, lanthanum fluoride, samarium fluoride, yttrium fluoride, a mixture thereof. A mixture of at least about 10% by volume of the fluoride and a metal oxide, wherein the mixture of the fluoride and metal oxide has a liquids temperature ranging from about 1000/sup 0/C to below about 1500/sup 0/C. The silicon nitride ranges in amount from about 60% by volume to about 98% volume of the composite, the member ranging in amount from about 2% by volume to about 40% by volume of the composite, the member being in the form of a network open to the surface of the composite and none of the member being completely enveloped by the silicon nitride, the composite having a total porosity of less than about 10% by volume and an open porosity of less than about 5% by volume of the composite.
Left Ventricular Assist Device Outflow Graft Pseudoaneurysm Treated with Covered Balloon Expandable Stent (2019)

Left ventricular assist device (LVAD) outflow graft injury is a very rare complication after LVAD implantation and is usually treated surgically. This is a case report of successful stenting of the damaged outflow graft 2.5 years after LVAD implantation, followed by successful heart transplantation.
Design and characterization of a thermal sensor achieving simultaneous measurement of thermal conductivity and flow speed (2015)

In this contribution, we present a novel design and excitation procedure for a thermal flow sensor to simultaneously determine thermal conductivity and flow rate of gas in a channel. For the first time, these two parameters can be detected by using a time-independent (DC) excitation mode. Theoretical and experimental results are discussed in order to specify possible application fields.