gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Plaque imaging with CT—a comprehensive review on coronary CT angiography based risk assessment (2017)

CT based technologies have evolved considerably in recent years. Coronary CT angiography (CTA) provides robust assessment of coronary artery disease (CAD). Early coronary CTA imaging-as a gate-keeper of invasive angiography-has focused on the presence of obstructive stenosis. Coronary CTA is currently the only non-invasive imaging modality for the evaluation of non-obstructive CAD, which has been shown to contribute to adverse cardiac events. Importantly, improved spatial resolution of CT scanners and novel image reconstruction algorithms enable the quantification and characterization of atherosclerotic plaques. State-of-the-art CT imaging can therefore reliably assess the extent of CAD and differentiate between various plaque features. Recent studies have demonstrated the incremental prognostic value of adverse plaque features over luminal stenosis. Comprehensive coronary plaque assessment holds potential to significantly improve individual risk assessment incorporating adverse plaque characteristics, the extent and severity of atherosclerotic plaque burden. As a result, several coronary CTA based composite risk scores have been proposed recently to determine patients at high risk for adverse events. Coronary CTA became a promising modality for the evaluation of functional significance of coronary lesions using CT derived fractional flow reserve (FFR-CT) and/or rest/dynamic myocardial CT perfusion. This could lead to substantial reduction in unnecessary invasive catheterization procedures and provide information on ischemic burden of CAD. Discordance between the degree of stenosis and ischemia has been recognized in clinical landmark trials using invasive FFR. Both lesion stenosis and composition are possibly related to myocardial ischemia. The evaluation of lesion-specific ischemia using combined functional and morphological plaque information could ultimately improve the diagnostic performance of CTA and thus patient care. In this review we aimed to summarize current evidence on comprehensive coronary artery plaque assessment using coronary CTA.
Laser-induced condensation by ultrashort laser pulses at 248 nm (2013)

We compare laser-induced condensation by UV laser pulses of femtosecond, sub-picosecond, and nanosecond duration between each other, as well as with respect to near-infrared (NIR) (800 nm) ultrashort laser pulses. Particle nucleation by UV pulses is so efficient that their growth beyond several hundreds of nm is limited by the local concentration of water vapour molecules. Furthermore, we evidence a dual mechanism: While condensation induced by ultrashort UV pulses rely on nitrogen photo-oxidative chemistry like in the NIR, nanosecond laser-induced condensation occurs without NO2 production, evidencing the domination of a mechanism distinct from that previously identified in the femtosecond regime.
5.1-ps passively mode-locked Nd:Gd0.42Y0.58VO4 laser with a LT-GaAs absorber (2008)

We propose a diode end-pumped passively mode-locked Nd:Gd0.42Y0.58VO4 (Nd:GdYVO4) laser at 1064 nm using a GaAs absorber grown at low temperature as the output coupler. Stable continuous-wave (CW) mode locking with a 5.1-ps pulse duration at a repetition rate of 113 MHz is obtained. The maximum average output power is 2.29 W at the incident pump power of 12 W with the slope efficiency of about 24.8%.
Contact-dependent Growth Inhibition and Apoptosis of Epidermal Growth Factor (EGF) Receptor-expressing Cells by the Membrane-anchored Form of Heparin-binding EGF-like Growth Factor (1999)

Heparin-binding epidermal growth factor-like growth factor (HB-EGF) transduces mitogenic signals through the EGF receptor (EGFR). There are two forms of HB-EGF, the membrane-anchored form (pro-HB-EGF) and the soluble form (sHB-EGF). We studied the biological activity of pro-HB-EGF by using a model in which pro-HB-EGF-expressing effector cells was co-cultured with EGFR-expressing target cells. The DER cell, an EGFR-expressing derivative of the interleukin-3-dependent hematopoietic 32D cell line, grows well in the presence of EGF or sHB-EGF without IL-3. When DER cells were co-cultured on a monolayer of Vero-H cells overexpressing pro-HB-EGF, growth inhibition and subsequent apoptosis were induced in the DER cells even in the presence of excess amounts of EGF or sHB-EGF. Such growth inhibition of DER cells was abrogated when specific antagonists for pro-HB-EGF were added in the culture medium or when direct contact of DER cells with Vero-H cells was prevented, indicating that pro-HB-EGF is involved in this inhibitory effect. Pro-HB-EGF-induced apoptosis of DER cells was also observed even in the presence of IL-3. This rules out the possibility of simple competition between soluble EGFR ligands and pro-HB-EGF. Moreover, 32D cells expressing EGFR mutant composed of the extracellular and the transmembrane domain of EGFR and the cytoplasmic domain of erythropoietin receptor did not undergo apoptosis by co-culture with Vero-H cells, indicating that the inhibitory signal induced by pro-HB-EGF-expressing Vero-H cells is mediated to DER cells via EGFR and that the cytoplasmic domain of EGFR is essential for pro-HB-EGF-induced apoptosis. From these results, we concluded that pro-HB-EGF has unique biological activity through cell-cell contact that is distinct from the activity of sHB-EGF.
Effect of vitamin K<sub>2</sub>treatment on carboxylation of osteocalcin in early postmenopausal women (2006)

Serum uc OC levels in early postmenopausal women who received vitamin K2 decreased due to carboxylation of uc OC. Combined treatment with vitamin K2 and vitamin D3 may be effective for sustaining BMD in early postmenopausal women whose bone turnovers are highly activated.
Rapid, Efficient and High-Performance Protocol for &lt;i&gt;Agrobacterium rhizogenes&lt;/i&gt;-Mediated Hairy Root Transformation of the Common Bean &lt;i&gt;Phaseolus vulgaris&lt;/i&gt; (2014)

A rapid, efficient and high-performance transformation protocol employing Agrobacterium rhizogenes was developed for the common bean Phaseolus vulgaris. In this study, we examined competencies of various protocols to induce and explants that respond to hairy root transformation in bean plants. Utilizing young seedlings with severed radicles/hypocotyls, we developed a highly efficient procedure for achieving hairy root transformation frequencies as high as 100% as visualized by GUS reporter gene expression system. Transgenic hairy roots in these young composite plants were susceptible to nodulation by rhizobia, and form an excellent system for high throughput genomic analysis to study root biology and endosymbiosis in common bean.
Determination Of Thickness Errors And Boundary Roughness From The Measured Performance Of A Multilayer Coating (1985)

The influence of thickness errors and boundary imperfections on the performance of a multilayer x-ray mirror is discussed and it is shown that both can be obtained separately from a measured reflectivity curve at a short x-ray wavelength. Multilayers have greatly reduced scattering compared to single films, and for this reason rough boundaries and gradual transition layers between the film materials give practically identical performance. A simple Debye-Waller factor is not sufficient to describe the performance of a multilayer with many layers at short wavelengths.
Imaging of random surfaces and inverse scattering in the Kirchoff approximation (1998)

Abstract Imaging of random surfaces can be modelled by integration over angular spectra of scattered plane waves. This approach suggests the representation of surface scattering in the Kirchhoff approximation using the concept of three-dimensional spatial frequencies. Optical methods of surface profiling can thus be modelled, leading to an insight into reconstruction of surface profiles from scattering data. The methods can also be extended to cover thin-film multilayer structures.
Out-of-Band Power Suppression in OFDM (2008)

In this letter we show that judicious modulation of non-data subcarriers renders a transmitted OFDM signal and a few of its higher-order derivatives continuous at the OFDM symbol boundaries. This novel approach results in reduced out-of-band emission: typically, it achieves over 30 dB power suppression at adjacent-channel center-frequencies.
Dynamic transport protocol selection in a CORBA system (2002)

We report supporting dynamic transport selection in omniORB2, which is a CORBA 2.0 compliant CORBA system that has been developed at AT&T Laboratories, Cambridge. We describe our design and implementation of supporting dynamic transport protocol selection in our system, and some initial experiments with the system. In our approach, IIOP can be selected for ensuring interoperability between applications. Thus, applications adopting our system can communicate with those adopting other CORBA systems, which run on the Internet environment. On the other hand, an application can select more suitable transport protocols for improving its performance or ensuring its real-time constraints if a server also supports the same transport protocol according to the characteristic of the application.
Determining Maximum Push-off Velocity in Swimming Using Accelerometers (2013)

The ability to unobtrusively measure velocity in the aquatic environment is a fundamental challenge for engineers and sport scientists. In the past video systems were the first choice to monitor the athletes during training. With the acceptance of small inertial sensors new ways of investigating the athletes movements have arisen. These small systems are light, easy to use and do not hinder the athlete during training, allowing an easy tracking of training improvements. This research used a self developed low-cost inertial sensor system, attached to the lower back, to record the acceleration of swimmers performing sub-surface wall push-offs. The recorded data were downloaded to MATLAB for data analysis. Using seven swimmers, the wall push-off velocity at three different efforts was analysed and compared to a tethered cable velocity meter (criterion measure) using Regression and Bland-Altman analysis. The maximum velocity determined from the accelerometer unit was linearly related to the benchmark criteria (r2=0.89). A biomechanical technique for the determination of the maximum glide velocity from acceleration data has been verified.
Vessel size measurements in angiograms: Manual measurements (2003)

Vessel size measurement is perhaps the most often performed quantitative analysis in diagnostic and interventional angiography. Although automated vessel sizing techniques are generally considered to have good accuracy and precision, we have observed that clinicians rarely use these techniques in standard clinical practice, choosing to indicate the edges of vessels and catheters to determine sizes and calibrate magnifications, i.e., manual measurements. Thus, we undertook an investigation of the accuracy and precision of vessel sizes calculated from manually indicated edges of vessels. Manual measurements were performed by three neuroradiologists and three physicists. Vessel sizes ranged from 0.1-3.0 mm in simulation studies and 0.3-6.4 mm in phantom studies. Simulation resolution functions had full-widths-at-half-maximum (FWHM) ranging from 0.0 to 0.5 mm. Phantom studies were performed with 4.5 in., 6 in., 9 in., and 12 in. image intensifier modes, magnification factor = 1, with and without zooming. The accuracy and reproducibility of the measurements ranged from 0.1 to 0.2 mm, depending on vessel size, resolution, and pixel size, and zoom. These results indicate that manual measurements may have accuracies comparable to automated techniques for vessels with sizes greater than 1 mm, but that automated techniques which take into account the resolution function should be used for vessels with sizes smaller than 1 mm.
Generalization of Helicobacter pylori Eradication Therapy and Its Future in Japan (2006)

After official acceptance of eradication therapy for Helicobacter pylori infected peptic ulcer disease in 2000, this treatment has been generalized as ulcer therapy in Japan. In 2003 the consensus statement of the Japanese Society for Helicobacter Research (JSHR) for Helicobacter pylori infection was presented. According to this statement MALT lymphoma was recommended to treat H. pylori infection because of the efficacy of its out come. Atrophic gastritis was also advised to treat H. pylori infection for the purpose of preventing gastric cancer development. The extra alimentary disease such as idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura was still under evaluation. In diagnostic method the importance of drug susceptibility test is rising because of the increase of drug resistant H. pylori strain in Japan. The false positive case of urea breath test, the accuracy of new Japanese original serology tests and the stool antigen test are also under investigation. The standard regimen of H. pylori eradication therapy in Japan is proton pomp inhibitor (PPI) + amoxicilin (AMPC) + clarithromycin (CAM). The problem of this regimen is the decrease of eradication rate. The reason of this trend might be increase of CAM resistant strain. JSHR recommended a rescue regimen as PPI + AMPC + metronidazole for the patient whose first eradication therapy was unsuccessful result. The eradication of this second line regimen was reported as about 90%.
Reversion of Ebolavirus Disease from a Single Intramuscular Injection of a Pan-Ebolavirus Immunotherapeutic (2022)

Intravenous (IV) administration of antiviral monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) can be challenging, particularly during an ongoing epidemic, due to the considerable resources required for performing infusions. An ebolavirus therapeutic administered via intramuscular (IM) injection would reduce the burdens associated with IV infusion and allow rapid treatment of exposed individuals during an outbreak. Here, we demonstrate how MBP134, a cocktail of two pan-ebolavirus mAbs, reverses the course of <i>Sudan ebolavirus</i> disease (Gulu variant) with a single IV or IM dose in non-human primates (NHPs) as late as five days post-exposure. We also investigate the utility of adding half-life extension mutations to the MBP134 mAbs, ultimately creating a half-life extended cocktail designated MBP431. When delivered as a post-exposure prophylactic or therapeutic, a single IM dose of MBP431 offered complete or significant protection in NHPs challenged with <i>Zaire ebolavirus</i>. In conjunction with previous studies, these results support the use of MBP431 as a rapidly deployable IM medical countermeasure against every known species of ebolavirus.
Stabilization of a cobalt(II) phthalocyanine oxidation catalyst by intercalation in a layered double hydroxide host (1993)

Cobalt(II) phthatocyaninetetrasulfonate [Co(pcts)]4– intercalated into a MgsAl2.5-layered double hydroxide (LDH) sxhibited greatly enhanced catalytic stability compared to the homogeneous catalyst for the autoxidation of 2,6-di-tert-butylphenol to the corresponding diphenoquine at 35 ± 2 °C; under homogeneous reaction conditions the Domplex deactivated within 25 catalytic turnovers, whereas the LDH-supported species remained fully active even after nore than 3200 turnovers.
TADEUS: seamless development of task-based and user-oriented interfaces (2000)

Task-based and user-oriented user interfaces utilize knowledge about user tasks and user characteristics to the utmost extent. They support users throughout their work flows, and must be constructed by a development process that avoids loss of application context and involves user feedback, from requirements specification to code generation. The concepts behind the task analysis/design/end users systems (TADEUS) approach to enable seamless task-based development are a semantically rich representation scheme, a model-driven development procedure, a diagrammatic notation and unifying specification scheme. Thus, interactive applications can be developed seamlessly. Specifications comprise problem domain knowledge, work processes, user roles and personal profiles, as well as interaction modalities (required for task accomplishment). For user-interface prototyping the TADEUS environment contains a model interpreter that executes structure and behavior specifications. This way, early feedback on task-based portals can be provided by users. In this paper we detail the latest developments in the TADEUS project when implementing a work-process based usability life cycle. We review the underlying methodology and the features of the TADEUS environment, in order to demonstrate the benefits for developers and users resulting of smooth transition support for and between the different stages of development.
Choosing the polarity of the phase-encoding direction in diffusion MRI: Does it matter for group analysis? (2016)

Notorious for degrading diffusion MRI data quality are so-called susceptibility-induced off-resonance fields, which cause non-linear geometric image deformations. While acquiring additional data to correct for these distortions alleviates the adverse effects of this artifact drastically - e.g., by reversing the polarity of the phase-encoding (PE) direction - this strategy is often not an option due to scan time constraints. Especially in a clinical context, where patient comfort and safety are of paramount importance, acquisition specifications are preferred that minimize scan time, typically resulting in data obtained with only one PE direction. In this work, we investigated whether choosing a different polarity of the PE direction would affect the outcome of a specific clinical research study. To address this methodological question, fractional anisotropy (FA) estimates of FreeSurfer brain regions were obtained in civilian and combat controls, remitted posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) patients, and persistent PTSD patients before and after trauma-focused therapy and were compared between diffusion MRI data sets acquired with different polarities of the PE direction (posterior-to-anterior, PA and anterior-to-posterior, AP). Our results demonstrate that regional FA estimates differ on average in the order of 5% between AP and PA PE data. In addition, when comparing FA estimates between different subject groups for specific cingulum subdivisions, the conclusions for AP and PA PE data were not in agreement. These findings increase our understanding of how one of the most pronounced data artifacts in diffusion MRI can impact group analyses and should encourage users to be more cautious when interpreting and reporting study outcomes derived from data acquired along a single PE direction.
dNP2 is a blood–brain barrier-permeable peptide enabling ctCTLA-4 protein delivery to ameliorate experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (2015)

Central nervous system (CNS)-infiltrating effector T cells play critical roles in the development and progression of multiple sclerosis (MS). However, current drugs for MS are very limited due to the difficulty of delivering drugs into the CNS. Here we identify a cell-permeable peptide, dNP2, which efficiently delivers proteins into mouse and human T cells, as well as various tissues. Moreover, it enters the brain tissue and resident cells through blood vessels by penetrating the tightly organized blood-brain barrier. The dNP2-conjugated cytoplasmic domain of cytotoxic T-lymphocyte antigen 4 (dNP2-ctCTLA-4) negatively regulates activated T cells and shows inhibitory effects on experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis in both preventive and therapeutic mouse models, resulting in the reduction of demyelination and CNS-infiltrating T helper 1 and T helper 17 cells. Thus, this study demonstrates that dNP2 is a blood-brain barrier-permeable peptide and dNP2-ctCTLA-4 could be an effective agent for treating CNS inflammatory diseases such as MS.
The Multiple Roles of Osteoclasts in Host Defense: Bone Remodeling and Hematopoietic Stem Cell Mobilization (2006)

Bone remodeling by bone-forming osteoblasts and bone-resorbing osteoclasts dynamically alters the bone inner wall and the endosteum region, which harbors osteoblastic niches for hematopoietic stem cells. Investigators have recently elucidated mechanisms of recruitment and mobilization; these mechanisms consist of stress signals that drive migration of leukocytes and progenitor cells from the bone marrow reservoir to the circulation and drive their homing to injured tissues as part of host defense and repair. The physical bone marrow vasculature barrier that is crossed by mobilized cells actively transmits chemotactic signals between the blood and the bone marrow, facilitating organ communication and cell trafficking. Osteoclasts play a dual role in regulation of bone resorption and homeostatic release or stress-induced mobilization of hematopoietic stem/progenitor cells. In this review, we discuss the orchestrated interplay between bone remodeling, the immune system, and the endosteal stem cell niches in the context of stem cell proliferation and migration during homeostasis, which are accelerated during alarm situations.
ReMAP: A Reconfigurable Heterogeneous Multicore Architecture (2010)

This paper presents ReMAP, a reconfigurable architecture geared towards accelerating and parallelizing applications within a heterogeneous CMP. In ReMAP, threads share a common reconfigurable fabric that can be configured for individual thread computation or fine-grained communication with integrated computation. The architecture supports both fine-grained point-to-point communication for pipeline parallelization and fine-grained barrier synchronization. The combination of communication and configurable computation within ReMAP provides the unique ability to perform customized computation while data is transferred between cores, and to execute custom global functions after barrier synchronization. ReMAP demonstrates significantly higher performance and energy efficiency compared to hard-wired communication-only mechanisms, and over what can ideally be achieved by allocating the fabric area to additional or more powerful cores.
GnRH Analogs in Human Reproduction (2005)

Progress in the field of GnRH analogs has been extensive and rapid in recent years, and this fascinating text reviews the pros and cons of their use in a range of medical conditions that affect reproductive health. Partly based on papers presented at the 8th International Symposium on GnRH analogs, the book contains a useful summary of the use of t
Penalty Methods for the Solution of Generalized Nash Equilibrium Problems (2010)

The generalized Nash equilibrium problem (GNEP) is an extension of the classical Nash equilibrium problem where both the objective functions and the constraints of each player may depend on the rivals' strategies. This class of problems has a multitude of important engineering applications, and yet solution algorithms are extremely scarce. In this paper, we analyze in detail a globally convergent penalty method that has favorable theoretical properties. We also consider strengthened results for a particular subclass of problems very often considered in the literature. Basically our method reduces the GNEP to a single penalized (and nonsmooth) Nash equilibrium problem. We suggest a suitable method for the solution of the latter penalized problem and present extensive numerical results.