gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Oocyte development in bovine primordial follicles is promoted by activin and FSH within a two-step serum-free culture system (2010)

Quiescent follicles of large mammals initiate growth within cultured pieces of ovarian cortex. Systems capable of sustaining in vitro development from this early stage until oocyte maturation would allow investigation of mechanisms regulating oocyte development in its entirety. The aims of this study were 1) to determine whether bovine follicles initiated to grow in vitro could be isolated from the cortical environment, and could undergo further development and 2) to evaluate the effect of activin and FSH on the development of secondary follicles derived from primordial follicles. Fragments of bovine ovarian cortex were cultured in serum-free medium for 6 days; thereafter, secondary follicles were isolated for further culture. After a maximum total of 21 days in vitro, follicles were either processed for histological assessment or opened to release the oocyte-cumulus complexes for inspection by light microscopy. Compared with control, significant follicle and oocyte growth were observed in activin-exposed follicles, with or without FSH, with some oocyte diameters measuring over 100 microns following a total in vitro period of 15 days. Significant oestradiol secretion was observed in follicles cultured in activin alone after a total of 9 days in vitro compared with other treatment groups; however, this effect was not sustained. In summary, this study demonstrates the promotion of primordial bovine follicle development within a two-step serum-free culture system with oocyte diameters >100 mum achieved over 15 days in vitro. Further development of this system is needed to support complete oocyte growth and thereafter in vitro maturation.
Identification of a Novel Agonist of the Sphingosine 1-phosphate Receptor 4 (S1P4) (2010)

Sphingosine 1-phosphate (S1P) is a bioactive phospholipid released by activated blood platelets that serves to influence heart rate, coronary artery caliber, endothelial integrity, lung epithelial integrity, and lymphocyte recirculation through five related high affinity G-protein coupled receptors. S1P4 receptor is coupled to Gαi and Gαo G proteins and activates extracellular signal-regulated kinases (ERK) mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPK) and Phospholipase C (PLC) downstream pathways. Inhibition of lymphocyte recirculation by nonselective S1P receptor agonists produces clinical immunosuppression preventing transplant rejection, but is associated with transient bradycardia. Understanding the contribution of individual receptors has been limited by the unavailability of selective agonists or antagonists for the 5 receptor subtypes. The Scripps Research Institute Molecular Screening Center (SRIMSC), part of the Molecular Libraries Probe Production Centers Network (MLPCN), previously identified an S1P4 agonist probe, ML178, which has submicromolar potency and is completely selective against the five other S1P receptor family members; but has non-classic structure and flat medicinal chemistry. The SRIMSC reports here ML248, a novel compound with potent and selective S1P4 receptor agonist activity that is amenable to further medicinal chemistry optimization. ML248 was identified by high-throughput screening using a cell-based Tango™-format assay. ML248 activates S1P4 receptor with a half maximal effective concentration (EC50) of 37.7 nM–79.1 nM, and is inactive as an agonist against other members of the receptor family, with EC50s > 25 μM against S1P1, S1P2, and S1P3 receptors, and an EC50 of 2.1 μM against the S1P5 receptor. ML248 is inhibited by an S1P4 receptor-selective antagonist, inactive for agonism in the presence of ≥ 3.7 nM selective antagonist and is nontoxic to U2OS cells, with a CC50 of > 10 μM. ML248 was submitted to Ricerca Biosciences LLC., target profiling against a panel of receptors, transporters, or ion channels; the data suggest that ML248 is generally inactive against a broad array of off-targets and does not likely exert unwanted effects.
How well can People and Computers Recognize Emotions in Speech (1998)

The paper describes an experimental study on vocal emotion expression and recognition. Utterances expressing five emotions- happiness, anger, sadness, fear, and normal (unemotional) state- portrayed by thirty non-professional actors were recorded and then replayed to them for evaluation. The results on decoding emotions are consistent with earlier findings. The results on ability of humans to portray emotions and to recognize their own emotions in speech are presented. Computer algorithms for recognizing emotions in speech were developed and tested. Their accuracy is presented.
<title>System for indoor 3D mapping and virtual environments</title> (1997)

The key to navigate in a 3D environment or designing autonomous vehicles that can successfully maneuver and manipulate objects in their environment is the ability to create, maintain, and use effectively a 3D digital model that accurately represents its physical counterpart. Virtual exploring of real places and environments, either for leisure, engineering design, training and simulation, or tasks in remote or hazardous environments, is more effective and useful if geometrical relationships and dimensions in the virtual model are accurate. A system which can rapidly, reliably, remotely and accurately perform measurements in the 3D space for the mapping of indoor environments is needed for many applications. In this paper we present a mobile mapping system that is designed to generate a geometrically precise 3D model of an unknown indoor environment. The same general design concept can be used for environments ranging from simple office hallways to long winding underground mine tunnels. Surfaces and features can be accurately mapped from images acquired by a unique configuration of different types of optical imaging sensor and dead reckoning positioning device. This configuration guarantees that all the information required to create the 3D model of the environment is included in the collected data. Sufficient overlaps between 2D intensity images, in combination with information from 3D range images, insure that the complete environment can be accurately reconstructed when all the data is simultaneously processed. The system, the data collection and processing procedure, test results, the modeling and display at our virtual environment facility are described.
Multiple-Patterning Nanosphere Lithography for Fabricating Periodic Three-Dimensional Hierarchical Nanostructures (2017)

While three-dimensional (3D) configurable hierarchical nanostructures have wide ranging applications in electronics, biology, and optics, finding scalable approaches remains a challenge. We report a robust and general strategy called multiple-patterning nanosphere lithography (MP-NSL) for the fabrication of periodic 3D hierarchical nanostructures in a highly scalable and tunable manner. This nanofabrication technique exploits the selected and repeated etching of polymer nanospheres that serve as resists and that can be shaped in parallel for each processing step. The application of MP-NSL enables the fabrication of periodic, vertically aligned Si nanotubes at the wafer scale with nanometer-scale control in three dimensions including outer/inner diameters, heights/hole-depths, and pitches. The MP-NSL method was utilized to construct 3D periodic hierarchical hybrid nanostructures such as multilevel solid/hollow nanotowers where the height and diameter of each level of each structure can be configured precisely as well as 3D concentric plasmonic nanodisk/nanorings with tunable optical properties on a variety of substrates.
Regulation of CD28 costimulation versus anergy in T cells by RasGRP and DGK-α (88.27) (2007)

Abstract Although the functional attributes of CD28 costimulation and T cell anergy are well-defined, the biochemical basis of these processes have been incompletely understood. Details of Ras regulation in T cells have provided new insights into CD28 costimulation and anergy. Using confocal microscopy, we have observed that CD28 costimulation facilitates recruitment of the DAG-activatable guanine nucleotide exchange factor RasGRP to the plasma membrane. In addition, T cells from RasGRP-deficient mice show defective IL-2 production and ERK activation in response to TCR/CD28 ligation but not through the IL-2R. Moreover, introduction of CA Ras can bypass the need for CD28 costimulation for multiple functional outputs. In contrast, anergic T cells show upregulated expression of the DAG-metabolizing enzyme diacylglycerol kinase-α (DGK-α). Introduction of DGK-α can mimic the anergic state, and inhibition of endogenous DGK-α can recover function of anergic cells. Together, these results support a yin-yang model in which T cell activation is centrally influenced by DAG-dependent signaling, with CD28 costimulation promoting RasGRP-dependent Ras activation and DGK-α negating this process in the anergic state.
Analytical Potentials for the Efficient Simulation of Planar and Axisymmetric Ion Mirrors (2019)

In this paper, we obtained analytical equations for electrostatic fields of two-dimensional planar and axially symmetric mirrors with piecewise-constant and piecewise-linear potentials on electrode surfaces located symmetrically in parallel planes or on a cylindrical surface, in particular, in the presence of an additional end electrode. The results can be used for the efficient optimization of aberration properties of time-of-flight mass analyzers and electrostatiс ion traps with gridless ion mirrors based on both standard planar or ring-type electrodes with finite gaps between them and PCB plates.
Discovery of new antagonists aimed at discriminating <scp>UII</scp> and <scp>URP</scp>‐mediated biological activities: insight into <scp>UII</scp> and <scp>URP</scp> receptor activation (2012)

Such compounds, that is [Pep(4)]URP and rUII(1-7), should prove to be useful as new pharmacological tools to decipher the specific role of UII and URP in vitro but also in vivo.
Miniature Neural Interface Microdrive using Parylenecoated Layered Manufacturing (2006)

This paper describes a prototype neural interface "microdrive" capable of positioning electrodes with micron precision to record signals from active neurons. The prototype is part of ongoing efforts to develop "smart" neural implant devices that can autonomously optimize neural signals for long-term recordings. Such implants will enable new generations of neural prosthetic systems that will allow patients with lost motor function to control external devices through thoughts alone. The prototype presented was constructed using a layered manufacturing (rapid prototyping) method and made bio-compatible through coating of parylene. The microdrive offers several advantages over much of the current state of the art in neural recording devices and can be used to support studies in both neural prosthetics and general neurophysiology. A companion paper describes the algorithm used to control the device for autonomous operation
Gait Recognition via Disentangled Representation Learning (2019)

Gait, the walking pattern of individuals, is one of the most important biometrics modalities. Most of the existing gait recognition methods take silhouettes or articulated body models as the gait features. These methods suffer from degraded recognition performance when handling confounding variables, such as clothing, carrying and view angle. To remedy this issue, we propose a novel AutoEncoder framework to explicitly disentangle pose and appearance features from RGB imagery and the LSTM-based integration of pose features over time produces the gait feature. In addition, we collect a Frontal-View Gait (FVG) dataset to focus on gait recognition from frontal-view walking, which is a challenging problem since it contains minimal gait cues compared to other views. FVG also includes other important variations,e.g., walking speed, carrying, and clothing. With extensive experiments on CASIA-B, USF and FVG datasets, our method demonstrates superior performance to the-state-of-the-arts quantitatively, the ability of feature disentanglement qualitatively, and promising computational efficiency.
Understanding energy consumption of sensor enabled applications on mobile phones (2009)

Recent research in ubiquitous and mobile computing uses mobile phones and wearable accelerometers to monitor individuals' physical activities for personalized and proactive health care. The goal of this project is to measure and reduce the energy demand placed on mobile phones that monitor individuals' physical activities for extended periods of time with limited access to battery recharging and mobile phone reception. Many issues must be addressed before mobile phones become a viable platform for remote health monitoring, including: security, reliability, privacy, and, most importantly, energy. Mobile phones are battery-operated, making energy a critical resource that must be carefully managed to ensure the longest running time before the battery is depleted. In a sense, all other issues are secondary, since the mobile phone will simply not function without energy. In this project, we therefore focus on understanding the energy consumption of a mobile phone that runs MIT wockets, physical activity monitoring applications, and consider ways to reduce its energy consumption.
New high performance algorithmic solution for diagnosis problem (2005)

We propose an algorithmic approach and present an algorithm for solving the diagnosis problem. We report the results of the performance tests of the new algorithm and compare them with the traditional and standard algorithms. These results show the strong performance of our new algorithm with more than ten times improvement over the traditional approach. The most widely used approach to model-based diagnosis consists of a two-step process: (1) generating conflict sets from symptoms; (2) calculating minimal diagnosis set from the conflicts. Here a conflict set is a set of assumption on the modes of some components that is not consistent with the model of the system and observations, and a minimal diagnosis is a set of the consistent assumptions of the modes of all components with minimal number of abnormal components. However, there are major drawbacks in the current model-based diagnosis techniques in efficiently performing the above two steps that severely limit their practical application to many systems of interest. For conflict generating problem, these techniques are usually based on different versions of truth maintenance method, which lead to an exhaustive search in the space of possible modes of the components. For finding minimal diagnosis from the conflicts, the most common is based on Reiter's algorithm, which requires both exponential time and exponential space (memory) for implementation. In this paper we address the problem of generating the minimal diagnosis from the conflicts. This problem can be formulated as the well-known hitting set problem. Our approach starts by mapping the hitting set problem onto the integer programming problem that enables us, for the first time, a priori determination of the lower and upper bounds on the size of the solution. Based on these bounds, we introduce a new concept of solution window for the problem. We also propose a new branch-and-bound technique that not only is faster than the current techniques in terms of number of operations (by exploiting the structure of the problem) but also, using the concept of window, allows a massive reduction (pruning) in the number of branches. Furthermore, as the branch-and-bound proceeds, the solution window is dynamically updated and narrowed to enable further pruning. We present the results of the performance of the new algorithm on a set of test cases. These results clearly show the advantage of our new algorithm over the traditional branch-and-bound algorithm; more specifically the new algorithm has achieved several orders of magnitude speedup over the standard algorithm. For example, for the systems with 40 components, the new algorithm, in average, solves the problem more than 300 times faster than the traditional algorithm
Functional Gene Knockout of NRF2 Increases Chemosensitivity of Human Lung Cancer A549 Cells In Vitro and in a Xenograft Mouse Model (2018)

Recent studies point to the evolution of drug resistance in lung cancer as being centered, at least in part, on the upregulation of various genes involved in controlling efflux or drug inactivation. Among the most important of these genes is Nuclear Factor Erythroid 2-Related Factor (<i>NRF2</i>), considered the master regulator of 100-200 target genes involved in cellular responses to oxidative and/or electrophilic stress. With increased focus on the development of combinatorial approaches for cancer treatment, we utilized CRISPR/Cas9 to disable the <i>NRF2</i> gene in lung cancer cells by disrupting the NRF2 nuclear export signal (NES) domain; phenotypically, the protein is largely blocked from transiting into the nucleus after translation. In tissue culture, cells with this gene knockout were found to have a reduced proliferation phenotype and are more sensitive to chemotherapeutic agents, such as cisplatin and carboplatin. These observations were confirmed in xenograft mouse models wherein the homozygous knockout cells proliferate at a slower rate than the wild-type cells, even in the absence of drug treatment. Tumor growth was arrested for a period of 16 days, with a dramatic decrease in tumor volume being observed in samples receiving the combined action of CRISPR-directed gene editing and chemotherapy.
Epidermal Growth Factor Gene Functional Polymorphism and the Risk of Hepatocellular Carcinoma in Patients With Cirrhosis (2008)

The EGF gene polymorphism genotype is associated with risk for development of hepatocellular carcinoma in liver cirrhosis through modulation of EGF levels.
Vacuum properties of a new panel structure for field emission displays (1998)

A new field emission display (FED) panel structure with an auxiliary space was developed in order to increase the conductance of the system for evacuation and help evacuate the cavity inside the FED more effectively. Gas molecules in the main space of the panel can move easily into the auxiliary space through the multiple openings in the base plate and can then be pumped out through the exhaust tube at the auxiliary tank. For the very thin panel, in which the space between the face plate and base plate is 58 μm, pressure drop characteristics during evacuation are very sensitive to the number of openings in the base plate. The main purpose of multiple openings in shortening evacuation time is to reduce pressure gradient inside the cavity. Additionally, the auxiliary space makes it easy to place various getters inside the FED panel and to maintain high vacuum for a prolonged lifetime of the FED.
Boundary filter design for biorthogonal filter banks (2003)

In order for filter banks to be able to process finite length input signals, appropriate modifications must be made to either the input signal (via signal extension techniques) or to the filter bank itself (boundary filters). This paper shows how to choose appropriate boundary filters for the analysis portion of any filter bank. The boundary filters can be chosen to satisfy any number of criteria, such as frequency selectivity or number of vanishing moments, and are only required to be linearly independent of the original filter bank filters. The synthesis filter bank is found by calculating the dual of the analysis bank, which is the same as finding the inverse. This results in a biorthogonal, perfect reconstruction filter bank.
A Tissue-Selective Nonsteroidal Progesterone Receptor Modulator: 7,9-Difluoro-5-(3-methylcyclohex-2-enyl)-2,2,4-trimethyl-1,2-dihydrochromeno[3,4-<i>f</i>]quinoline (2008)

The progesterone receptor plays an important role in the female reproductive system. Here we describe the discovery of a new selective progesterone receptor modulator (SPRM). In rats, the lead compound, 7,9-difluoro-5-(3-methylcyclohex-2-enyl)-2,2,4-trimethyl-1,2-dihydrochromeno[3,4- f]quinoline ( 5c), inhibited ovulation and showed full efficacy in uterine and vaginal tissue but was a mixed partial agonist/antagonist in breast tissue. The compound also suppressed ovulation in monkeys, but in contrast to currently approved steroidal PR agonists, it did not suppress estradiol levels.
An adaptive, on-line, statistical method for bearing fault detection using stator current (2002)

It is well-known that motor current is a nonstationary signal whose properties vary with respect to the time varying operating conditions of the motor. As a result Fourier analysis makes it difficult to recognize fault conditions from the normal operating conditions of the motor. Time-frequency analysis, on the other hand, unambiguously represents the motor current which makes signal properties related to fault detection more evident in the transform domain. In this paper, we present an adaptive, statistical, time-frequency method for the detection of bearing faults. Due to the time varying normal operating conditions of the motor and the effect of motor geometry on the current, we employ a training base approach in which the algorithm is trained to recognize the normal operating conditions of the motor before the actual testing starts. The experimental results from our study suggests that the proposed method provides a powerful, and a general approach to the motor current based fault detection.
A comparison of modulator networks for high-order oversampled Sigma Delta analog-to-digital converters (1991)

After a discussion of the practical problem of comparing the relative performance of all known high-order modulator networks with respect to resolution, stability, input range, component sensitivities, finite amplifier gains, and bandwidths, equations are derived and verified by computer simulation that relate reduction in signal-to-noise ratio to component mismatch and finite amplifier gain, allowing designers to choose the best network for a particular application. A third-order, sigma-delta ( Sigma - Delta ) oversampled analog-to-digital (A/D) modulator network is presented. It shows improved performance in most respects over previous modulators. Although its theoretical performance in the absence of circuit nonidealities is below that of the triple first-order cascade network, when practical impairments such as finite amplifier gains and component mismatch are considered, it displays superior performance. Gain and offset errors are potentially lower for this network due to its ability to use a single capacitor for input signal and D/A feedback. A markedly reduced sensitivity to nonidealities for this network implies that monolithic circuits could be manufactured with better processing yields and hence lower unit costs.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
A 2.5 milliwatt SOS CMOS receiver for optical interconnect (2004)

We demonstrate a low power, high bit rate, cross coupled differential receiver in silicon on sapphire (SOS) CMOS to be used as part of an inter-chip optical interconnect. The internal amplifier of the transimpedance first stage provides high gain without requiring large, capacitive input gates. The resulting transimpedance stage extends the bandwidth of the differential receiver when small photodetectors are used. We fabricate this receiver in an SOS CMOS process to simplify the packaging of chip-to-chip interconnects with CMOS processors. The total measured power consumption of this receiver is 2.5 mW at gigabit rates, in a 0.5 /spl mu/m UTSi/spl trade/ SOS CMOS process.