gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
On-Chip Micro–Electro–Mechanical System Fourier Transform Infrared (MEMS FT-IR) Spectrometer-Based Gas Sensing (2016)

In this work, we study the detection of acetylene (C2H2), carbon dioxide (CO2) and water vapor (H2O) gases in the near-infrared (NIR) range using an on-chip silicon micro-electro-mechanical system (MEMS) Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectrometer in the wavelength range 1300-2500 nm (4000-7692 cm(-1)). The spectrometer core engine is a scanning Michelson interferometer micro-fabricated using a deep-etching technology producing self-aligned components. The light is free-space propagating in-plane with respect to the silicon chip substrate. The moving mirror of the interferometer is driven by a relatively large stroke electrostatic comb-drive actuator corresponding to about 30 cm(-1) resolution. Multi-mode optical fibers are used to connect light between the wideband light source, the interferometer, the 10 cm gas cell, and the optical detector. A wide dynamic range of gas concentration down to 2000 parts per million (ppm) in only 10 cm length gas cell is demonstrated. Extending the wavelength range to the mid-infrared (MIR) range up to 4200 nm (2380 cm(-1)) is also experimentally demonstrated, for the first time, using a bulk micro-machined on-chip MEMS FT-IR spectrometer. The obtained results open the door for an on-chip optical gas sensor for many applications including environmental sensing and industrial process control in the NIR/MIR spectral ranges.
Node Localization Problem in Wireless Sensor Networks (2004)

Wireless ad-hoc sensor networks(WSN)are formed by large quantity of intelligent sensor nodes which com-municate in wireless and ad hoc style. Recently, there are lots of issues emerging. Node localization is one of them. Node localization problem and challenges in WSN are described in this paper at first. Then, a survey of recent re-search in node localization is given from the points of ranging technology and positioning algorithm. Finally, future works in the field of node localization are pointed out.
Ketamine as Antidepressant? Current State and Future Perspectives (2013)

Major depressive disorder (MDD) is a serious mental disorder that ranks among the major causes of disease burden. Standard medical treatment targeting cerebral monoamines often provides only insufficient symptom relief and fails in approximately every fifth patient. The complexity of MDD therefore, reflects more than monoaminergic dysregulation. Initial research argues the case for excessive glutamate levels, suggesting that antiglutamatergic drugs might be useful in treating MDD. Ketamine is a non-selective, high-affinity N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor (NMDAR) antagonist most commonly used in pediatric and animal surgery. In the past, ketamine has gained popularity because of its ability to rapidly elevate mood, even in treatment-resistant and bipolar depression. However, there are still many obstacles before widespread clinical approval of ketamine treatment could become reality. In this review, ketamine's powerful antidepressant effects are discussed and further research necessary for therapeutic application is outlined. NMDAR antagonists provide an entirely new way of treating the manifold appearances of depression that should not be left unused.
Analysis and performance of some basic space-time architectures (2003)

In this paper, we discuss some of the most basic architectural superstructures for wireless links with multiple antennas: M at the transmit site and N at the receive site. Toward leveraging the gains of the last half century of coding theory, we emphasize those structures that can be composed using spatially one dimensional coders and decoders. These structures are investigated primarily under a probability of outage constraint. The random matrix channel is assumed to hold steady for such a large number of M-dimensional vector symbol transmission times, that an infinite time horizon Shannon analysis provides useful insights. The resulting extraordinary capacities are contrasted for architectures that differ in the way that they manage self-interference in the presence of additive receiver noise. A universally optimal architecture with a diagonal space-time layering is treated, as is an architecture with horizontal space-time layering and an architecture with a single outer code. Some capacity asymptotes for large numbers of antennas are also included. Some results for frequency selective channels are presented: It is only necessary to feedback M rates, one per transmit antenna, to attain capacity. Also, capacity of an (M,N) link is, in a certain sense, invariant with respect to signaling format.
Relationship of <i>vacA</i> Genotypes of <i>Helicobacter pylori</i> to <i>cagA</i> Status, Cytotoxin Production, and Clinical Outcome (1998)

In this as in other reported studies ( approximately 1500 patients overall) vacA genotype was strongly but not exclusively associated with the presence of cagA. Overall, the studies did not support a role for vacA genotyping in relation to cytotoxin activity, virulence, histologic finding, or risk of a particular H. pylori disease. vacA genotype s1 is likely to be a surrogate marker for the presence of the cag pathogenicity island.
Hit‐Validation Methodologies for Ligands Isolated from DNA‐Encoded Chemical Libraries (2017)

DNA-encoded chemical libraries (DECLs) are large collections of compounds linked to DNA fragments, serving as amplifiable barcodes, which can be screened on target proteins of interest. In typical DECL selections, preferential binders are identified by high-throughput DNA sequencing, by comparing their frequency before and after the affinity capture step. Hits identified in this procedure need to be confirmed, by resynthesis and by performing affinity measurements. In this article we present new methods based on hybridization of oligonucleotide conjugates with fluorescently labeled complementary oligonucleotides; these facilitate the determination of affinity constants and kinetic dissociation constants. The experimental procedures were demonstrated with acetazolamide, a binder to carbonic anhydrase IX with a dissociation constant in the nanomolar range. The detection of binding events was compatible not only with fluorescence polarization methodologies, but also with Alphascreen technology and with microscale thermophoresis.
Deduced amino acid sequence of bovine retinal Go alpha: similarities to other guanine nucleotide-binding proteins. (1987)

A bovine retinal cDNA clone encoding the complete sequence (354 amino acids) of Go alpha, a guanine nucleotide-binding protein (G protein), was isolated by using oligonucleotide probes complementary to published sequences in two putative clones for the alpha subunit of bovine transducin (T alpha). The deduced amino acid sequence contained sequences identical to those in seven tryptic peptides (total 63 amino acids) from bovine brain Go alpha. The cDNA for bovine retinal Go alpha exhibits greater than 90% identity in both coding and 3' untranslated regions with a recently described partial cDNA clone for Go alpha from rat brain [Itoh, H., Kozasa, T., Nagata, S., Nakamura, S., Katada, T., Ui, M., Iwai, S., Ohtsuka, E., Kawasaki, H., Suzuki, K. & Kaziro, Y. (1986) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 83, 3776-3780]. Comparison of the nucleotide and deduced amino acid sequences of the bovine Go alpha clone with those previously reported for other G proteins of bovine origin (Gs alpha, Gi alpha, and T alpha) reveals extensive regions identical to those surrounding the amino acids modified by cholera toxin and pertussis toxin. There are also marked similarities of sequence in regions of the G proteins, elongation factors, and the ras p21 gene products that are believed to be involved in guanine nucleotide binding and GTP hydrolysis.
Laboratory investigation of fire radiative energy and smoke aerosol emissions (2008)

Fuel biomass samples from southern Africa and the United States were burned in a laboratory combustion chamber while measuring the biomass consumption rate, the fire radiative energy (FRE) release rate ( R fre ), and the smoke concentrations of carbon monoxide (CO), carbon dioxide (CO 2 ), and particulate matter (PM). The PM mass emission rate ( R PM ) was quantified from aerosol optical thickness (AOT) derived from smoke extinction measurements using a custom‐made laser transmissometer. The R PM and R fre time series for each fire were integrated to total PM mass and FRE, respectively, the ratio of which represents its FRE‐based PM emission coefficient ( C e PM ). A strong correlation ( r 2 = 0.82) was found between the total FRE and total PM mass, from which an average C e PM value of 0.03 kg MJ −1 was calculated. This value agrees with those derived similarly from satellite‐borne measurements of R fre and AOT acquired over large‐scale wildfires.
Neutralization serotypes of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 field isolates are not predicted by genetic subtype. The WHO Network for HIV Isolation and Characterization (1996)

Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) primary isolates from four geographical locations in Thailand, Brazil, Rwanda, and Uganda, representing genetic subtypes A, B, C, D, and E, were examined for autologous and heterologous neutralization by panels of human HIV+ polyclonal plasma. In independent linked experiments in three laboratories using diverse methodologies and common reagents, no defined pattern of genetic subtype-specific neutralization was observed. Most plasma tested were broadly cross-neutralizing across two or more genetic subtypes, although the titer of neutralization varied across a wide range. We conclude that the genetic subtypes of HIV-1 are not classical neutralization serotypes.
A DASH-based performance-oriented Adaptive Video distribution solution (2013)

Nowadays increasing amounts of video-based content is stored and distributed across networks for diverse use, including learning. These networks also carry multiple other traffic types, all of which are growing in intensity. In the context of limited bandwidth resource networks, content adaptation and in particular video adaptation is seen as a very promising solution. As the newly introduced Dynamic Adaptive Streaming over HTTP (DASH) standard supports video adaptation, but does not introduce any adaptation mechanism, this paper proposes a DASH-based performance oriented Adaptive Video distribution solution (DAV) which improves video delivery mechanism to ensure better viewing experience. DAV's goal is to increase user Quality of Experience (QoE) by considering various factors, including characteristics of the links connecting video providers and the local network, quantity of requested content available locally, and device and user profiles. This solution dynamically selects best performing sources (among remote hosts and local nodes) for the delivery of video segments. Preliminary evaluation shows that DAV increases the quality of delivered video in comparison with a classic DASH video distribution approach.
Efficient probability estimation and simulation of the truncated multivariate student-t distribution (2015)

We propose an exponential tilting method for the accurate estimation of the probability that a random vector with multivariate student-t distribution falls in a convex polytope. The method can also be used to simulate exactly from the corresponding truncated multivariate student-t distribution, thus providing an alternative to approximate Markov Chain Monte Carlo simulation. Numerical experiments show that the suggested method is significantly more accurate and reliable than its competitors.
A genetic map of cucumber composed of RAPDs, RFLPs, AFLPs, and loci conditioning resistance to papaya ringspot and zucchini yellow mosaic viruses (2000)

The watermelon strain of papaya ringspot virus (PRSV-W) and zucchini yellow mosaic virus (ZYMV) are potyviruses that cause significant disease losses in cucumber. Resistances have been identified primarily in exotic germplasm that require transfer to elite cultivated backgrounds. To select more efficiently for virus resistances, we identified molecular markers tightly linked to PRSV-W and ZYMV resistances in cucumber. We generated F-6 recombinant inbred lines (RILs) from a cross between Cucumis sativus L. 'Straight 8' and a line from 'Taichung Mou Gua', TMG1 (susceptible and resistant, respectively, to both viruses), and studied the segregations of amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP) markers, randomly amplified polymorphic DNAs (RAPDs), restriction fragment length polymorphisms (RFLPs), and resistances to PRSV-W and ZYMV. A 353-point map of cucumber was generated, delineating 12 linkage groups at LOD 3.5. Linkage arrangements among RFLPs were consistent with previously published maps; however linkages among RAPDs in our map did not agree with a previously published map. Resistances to PRSV-W and ZYMV were tightly linked (2.2 cM) and mapped to the end of one linkage group. One AFLP cosegregated with resistance to ZYMV.
Precious anticancer drugs (2009)

In the late 1960s, Barnett Rosenberg and coworkers at Michigan State University in the US made a serendipitous discovery: the application of an electric field produced by passing a current through platinum electrodes could cause filamentous growth of bacteria.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis and in vitro Activity of 4′‐ and 5′‐Modified Analogues of Apiosyl Nucleosides as Potent anti‐HCV Agents. (2010)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Structure and Dimension Effects on the Performance of Layered Triboelectric Nanogenerators in Contact-Separation Mode (2018)

A triboelectric nanogenerator (TENG) is a potential solution for providing high output power by continuously harvesting ambient energy, which is expected to sustainably charge a battery for the new era-the era of the Internet of things and sensor networks. Generally, the existence of parasitic capacitance has been considered to be harmful in its output performance. Here, we systematically investigate the effects of structure and dimension of a TENG on its performance from the point view of parasitic capacitance by fabricating two types of layered TENGs with considering the dissimilarity of the two dielectric materials, symmetrical (ABBA) and alternate (ABAB) layered structure (SYM-TENG and ALT-TENG). Theoretical models of the two types of layered TENGs are proposed for illustrating their differences in parasitic capacitances and output characteristics. Larger parasitic capacitance enables the TENG to accommodate higher triboelectric charge density while reducing the internal impedance and maximum power density. Furthermore, the parasitic capacitance will be enhanced with the decreasing dimension of the devices. The effect of parasitic capacitance on output characteristics of the two kinds of structures are verified in vacuum. Our findings not only establish an optimization methodology for the output performance of TENGs but also provide an insight into the process of triboelectrification.
Interaction Between Notch and Hif-α in Development and Survival of <i>Drosophila</i> Blood Cells (2011)

A blood cell type termed crystal cell in Drosophila functions in clotting and wound healing and requires Notch for specification and maintenance. We report that crystal cells express elevated levels of Sima protein orthologous to mammalian hypoxia-inducible factor-α (Hif-α) even under conditions of normal oxygen availability. In these platelet-like crystal cells, Sima activates full-length Notch receptor signaling via a noncanonical, ligand-independent mechanism that promotes hemocyte survival during both normal hematopoietic development and hypoxic stress. This interaction initiates in early endosomes, is independent of Hif-β (Τangο in Drosophila), and does not activate hypoxia response targets. Studies in vertebrate myeloid cells have shown a similar up-regulation of Hif-α protein in well-oxygenated environments. This study provides a mechanistic paradigm for Hif-α/Notch interaction that may be conserved in mammals.
Understanding the mechanical properties of 2198 Al-Li-Cu alloy in relation with the intra-granular and inter-granular precipitate microstructure (2010)

International audience
Solvent effect on analyte charge state, signal intensity, and stability in negative ion electrospray mass spectrometry; implications for the mechanism of negative ion formation (1993)

Department of Chemistry, University of New Orleans, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA The effect of solvent composition on negative ion electrospray ionization (ESI) mass spectrometry was examined. The onset potentials for ES1 of a series of chlorinated solvents and methanol were found to be within the range predicted by D. P. H. Smith, based on differences in the surface tension of the solvents used. The tendency toward electric discharge decreased with increasing percent weight of chlorine in the solvent. This effect has been attributed to an increasing propensity for electron capture for more highly chlorinated solvents. Addition of the electron scavenger gas SF, was even more effective at suppressing corona discharge phenomena. In a comparison of ultimate signal intensity obtainable for a test analyte in 10% methanol, the highest signal, which was stable over the widest range of temperatures, was exhibited by chloroform compared to dichloromethane, 1,2-dichloroethane, carbon tetrachloride, and methanol (100%). Chloroform, thus, is a recommended solvent for negative ion electrospray mass spectrometry (ES/MS) when solubility is not a limiting issue. Solvent polarity was shown to exhibit a profound influence on the distribution of charge states in negative ion ES/MS. For both chlorinated and nonchlorinated organic solvents, the higher the solution dielectric constant, the more the charge-state distribution is shifted toward higher charge states. These observations build on the "electrophoretic" mechanism of droplet charging. Solvents with high solution dielectric constants are considered to be most effective at stabilizing multiply charged ions (where charge separation is greatest), and they are likely to increase the level of droplet charging. Solvents with high basicities (gas phase and solution phase) and high proton affinities, yet low dielectric constants, favor lower charge states in ES mass spectra of lipid A and cardiolipin from Escherichia coli. This indicates that gas-phase processes and solvent basicity contribute much less toward ion formation than solution-phase solvation via preferred orientation of the solvent dipole.
Asymmetric Chitosan Membrane Containing Collagen I Nanospheres for Skin Tissue Engineering (2009)

A biodegradable chitosan membrane with an asymmetric structure, seeded with fibroblasts, was prepared as a novel skin substitute. Chitosan was cross-linked with genipin and then frozen and lyophilized to yield a porous asymmetric membrane (CG membrane). Nanoscale collagen I particles were injected into the CG membrane to form an asymmetric CGC membrane. The results reveal that the CG membrane treated with 0.125 wt % of genipin had a higher swelling ratio, porosity, and pore size. After 7 d of dynamic culture, many of the adhered cells exhibited a flat morphology and well spread on the surface of CGC membrane treated with 0.125 wt % of genipin. In animal studies, the CGC membrane seeded with fibroblasts and grown in vitro for 7 d was more effective than both gauze and commercial wound dressing, Suile, in healing wounds. An in vivo histological assessment indicated that covering the wound with the asymmetric CGC membrane resulted in its epithelialization and reconstruction. CGC membrane, thus, has great potential in skin tissue engineering.
Optical receiver sensitivity improvement by a semiconductor laser preamplifier (1980)

Application of a semiconductor laser as a preamplifier in a p.c.m. i.m. fibre-optic transmission system was studied theoretically and experimentally. Experimental results on equalised baseband noise power and error rate performance are in good agreement with new formulation taking spontaneous emission into account. The semiconductor laser preamplifier is found to substantially enhance optical receiver sensitivity.
APPLICATION OF ESSENTIAL OILS AS A PRESERVATIVE TO IMPROVE THE SHELF LIFE OF NILE TILAPIA (Oreochoromisniloticus) (2012)

Some essential oils extracted from herbs and spices have antioxidant activity, it can be used to increase the shelf-life of fillets and cuts of different post-mortem meat. The aim of this work was to study the effect of the antioxidant activity of Thyme and rosemary essential oils on Nile tilapia fillets preservation. The effect of essential oils in tilapia shelf-life was evaluated through the determination of the oxidation products by TBARS analysis and their comparison to some samples without essential oil application. The obtained results show that the use of the two essential oils reduces, between 53 and 96.5%, the oxidative processes of tilapia fillets from the ninth day of storage.
Response of Npt2a knockout mice to dietary calcium and phosphorus (2017)

Mutations in the renal sodium-dependent phosphate co-transporters NPT2a and NPT2c have been reported in patients with renal stone disease and nephrocalcinosis, but the relative contribution of genotype, dietary calcium and phosphate to the formation of renal mineral deposits is unclear. We previously reported that renal calcium phosphate deposits persist and/or reappear in older Npt2a-/- mice supplemented with phosphate despite resolution of hypercalciuria while no deposits are seen in wild-type (WT) mice on the same diet. Addition of calcium to their diets further increased calcium phosphate deposits in Npt2a-/-, but not WT mice. The response of PTH to dietary phosphate of Npt2a-/- was blunted when compared to WT mice and the response of the urinary calcium x phosphorus product to the addition of calcium and phosphate to the diet of Npt2a-/- was increased. These finding suggests that Npt2a-/- mice respond differently to dietary phosphate when compared to WT mice. Further evaluation in the Npt2a-/- cohort on different diets suggests that urinary calcium excretion, plasma phosphate and FGF23 levels appear to be positively correlated to renal mineral deposit formation while urine phosphate levels and the urine anion gap, an indirect measure of ammonia excretion, appear to be inversely correlated. Our observations in Npt2a-/- mice, if confirmed in humans, may be relevant for the optimization of existing and the development of novel therapies to prevent nephrolithiasis and nephrocalcinosis in human carriers of NPT2a and NPT2c mutations.
A Study on Improving Precision Rate in Security Events Using Cyber Attack Dictionary and TF-IDF (2022)

최근, 디지털전환의 확대로 사이버공격의 위협에 더욱 더 노출되고 있으며, 각 기관 및 기업은 공격이 유입되는 것 을 막기 위해 시그니처 기반의 침입차단시스템을 네트워크 가장 앞단에 운영중에 있다. 그러나, 관련된 ICT시스템에 적절한 서비스를 제공하기 위해 엄격한 차단규칙을 적용할 수 없어 많은 오이벤트가 발생되고, 운영효율이 저하되고 있다. 따라서, 공격탐지 정확도 향상을 위하여 인공지능을 이용한 많은 연구과제가 수행되고 있다. 대부분의 논문은 정 해진 연구용 데이터셋을 이용하여 수행하였지만, 실제 네트워크에서는 연구용 학습데이터셋과는 다른 로그를 이용해야 만 하기 때문에 실제 시스템에서는 사용사례는 많지 않다. 본 논문에서는 실제 시스템에서 수집한 보안이벤트 로그에 대하여 주요 공격키워드를 분류하고, 주요 키워드별로 가중치를 부과, TF-IDF를 이용하여 유사도 검사를 수행후 실제 공격여부를 판단하는 기법에 대하여 제안하고자 한다.
[Cutaneous pseudolymphoma caused by carbamazepine]. (1998)

Phenytoins, carbamazepine++, barbiturates and ACE inhibitors are the main drugs inducing cutaneous pseudolymphomas. These usually mimic T-cell lymphomas. The clinical spectrum of cutaneous pseudolymphomas is broad including severe aspects, such as erythroderma or tumoral eruption and benign appearing one as in our case. Drug investigation is mandatory for each patient with lymphoma appearing cutaneous infiltrates because dramatic and definitive healing of the lesion is always expected in case of pseudolymphoma.