gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Simulation of Computer Network Attacks (2010)

In this work we present a prototype for simulating computer network attacks. Our objective is to simulate large networks (thousands of hosts, with applications and vulnerabilities) while remaining realistic from the attacker's point of view. The foundation for the simulator is a model of computer intrusions, based on the analysis of real world attacks. In particular we show how to interpret vulnerabilities and exploits as communication channels. This conceptual model gives a tool to describe the theater of operations, targets, actions and assets involved in multistep network attacks. We conclude with applications of the attack simulator.
A Dual-Source Approach for 3D Pose Estimation from a Single Image (2016)

One major challenge for 3D pose estimation from a single RGB image is the acquisition of sufficient training data. In particular, collecting large amounts of training data that contain unconstrained images and are annotated with accurate 3D poses is infeasible. We therefore propose to use two independent training sources. The first source consists of images with annotated 2D poses and the second source consists of accurate 3D motion capture data. To integrate both sources, we propose a dual-source approach that combines 2D pose estimation with efficient and robust 3D pose retrieval. In our experiments, we show that our approach achieves state-of-the-art results and is even competitive when the skeleton structure of the two sources differ substantially.
SU-FF-I-01: 3D Computer-Aided Detection of Masses and Micro-Calcifications From Cone Beam CT Scans: A Breast Phantom Study (2007)

Purpose: Cone Beam Breast Computed Tomography (CBBCT) has emerged as a promising new modality for detection and diagnosis of breast cancer. Compared to conventional X-ray mammography, CBBCT provides much greater detail of breast tissue in three-dimensions (3D) as well as improved patient comfort. However, these benefits come at the cost of hundreds of image slices for each scan. Here, a validation study was performed using CBBCT data of a breast phantom with known nodules and micro-calcifications. A novel 3D computer-aided detection algorithm based on 3D template-matching was applied to this dataset to evaluate the performance of CAD-CBBCT. Method and Materials: The CBBCT dataset of the breast phantom consisted of 371 slices with isotropic resolution of 0.27 mm. The central 250 contiguous slices were used in our analysis. The selected imaging volume contained 8 masses with diameter ranging from 0.5–10mm (appearing on 9–37 pixels), and 13 micro-calcifications with diameter ranging from 0.2–0.5 mm (appearing on 3–5 pixels). Our CAD algorithm models masses and micro-calcifications as spheres (templates) of varying sizes and searches for structures similar to the templates throughout the entire imaging volume. Templates of 9 different sizes were applied. The end result is a single index (the normalized cross correlation coefficient) for each mass and calcification candidate. An optimal correlation threshold for each template size was then selected to best identify the nodules and micro-calcifications. Results: 8 out of 8 masses down to 0.5 mm and 12 out of 13 micro-calcifications down to 0.2 mm were successfully detected, with only 1 false positive finding. The processing time for each template was ∼80 seconds (on a Mac Pro with 2.66GHz CPU, 5G memory). Conclusion: CBBCT and 3D CAD were able to detect in a breast imaging phantom very small nodules and micro-calcifications with high sensitivity and specificity.
Photon Arrival-Time Interval Distribution (PAID):  A Novel Tool for Analyzing Molecular Interactions (2004)

Photon arrival-time interval distribution (PAID) analysis is a new method for monitoring macromolecular interactions. PAID uses fluorescence fluctuations to extract simultaneously coincidence, brightness in multiple channels, diffusion time, and concentration of fluorescently labeled molecules diffusing in a confocal detection volume. PAID is based on recording arrival times of photons detected on one or more detection channels and plotting two-dimensional histograms of photon pairs, where one axis is the time interval between each pair of photons 1 and 2 (in general not consecutive or detected in the same channel) and the second axis is the number of other photons detected (not necessarily detected in the same channels as photons 1 and 2) in the time interval between detection of photons 1 and 2. PAID is related to fluorescence correlation spectroscopy (FCS) by a collapse of the PAID histogram onto the time interval axis. PAID extends auto- and cross-correlation FCS by measuring the brightness of fluorescent species. Studies of fluorescently labeled DNA demonstrate the capabilities of PAID to analyze interactions: PAID detected that DNA carrying two copies of the fluorophore Cy3B is twice as bright as DNA carrying only one copy (simulating dimer vs monomer). PAID also distinguished well between DNA carrying only one fluorophore (Cy3 or Cy5) and DNA carrying both Cy3 and Cy5 (simulating complex vs free components). Solutions containing mixtures of these DNA fragments were successfully analyzed. Studies of Escherichia coli RNA-polymerase−DNA interactions demonstrate the ability of PAID to analyze the complex mixtures expected in studies of macromolecular interactions. The statistical accuracy of PAID matches the accuracy of other fluorescence fluctuation methods while providing additional information.
The Development of a Brazing Sheet Core Alloy with Excellent Post Braze Properties (2014)

The heat exchanger market requires aluminum brazing sheet that offers a good balance of properties, namely: corrosion resistance, brazability, and post braze strength. A new long life brazing sheet alloy which has attractive properties in the post braze condition has been developed. Specifically, higher post braze strength and improved air side corrosion resistance has been obtained. In addition, a deeper understanding of dense precipitate band (DPB) formation in higher Si containing core alloys during brazing has been developed. The new alloy will lead to improvements in radiator tube stock performance.
Identification of a Critical Ig-Like Domain in IL-18 Receptor α and Characterization of a Functional IL-18 Receptor Complex (2003)

Steady state mRNA levels in various human tissues reveal that the proinflammatory cytokine IL-18 is constitutively and ubiquitously expressed. However, limited IL-18R alpha-chain (IL-18Ralpha) expression in tissues may restrict ligand-acting sites and contribute to a specific response for IL-18. To study the IL-18R complex, [(125)I]IL-18 was studied for binding to the cell surface receptors of IL-18-responsive NK and macrophagic KG-1 cells. After cross-linking, [(125)I]IL-18 formed three IL-18R complexes with sizes of approximately 93, 160, and 220 kDa. In KG-1 cells, Scatchard analysis revealed the presence of 135 binding sites/cell, with an apparent dissociation constant (K(d)) of 250 pM; in NK cells, there were 350 binding sites per cell with an apparent K(d) of 146 pM. Each domain of extracellular IL-18Ralpha was cloned and individually expressed in Escherichia coli. An mAb specifically recognized the membrane-proximal third domain; this mAb blocked IL-18-induced IFN-gamma production in NK cells. Furthermore, deletion of the membrane-proximal third domain of IL-18Ralpha prevented the formation of IL-18R ternary complex with IL-18R beta-chain. The present studies demonstrate that the biologically active IL-18R complex requires the membrane-proximal third Ig-like domain in IL-18Ralpha for the formation of IL-18R ternary complex as well as for signal transduction involved in IL-18-induced IFN-gamma in NK cells.
A nucleolar TAR decoy inhibitor of HIV-1 replication (2002)

Tat is a critical regulatory factor in HIV-1 gene expression. It mediates the transactivation of transcription from the HIV-1 LTR by binding to the transactivation response (TAR) element in a complex with cyclin T1. Because of its critical and early role in HIV gene expression, Tat and its interaction with the TAR element constitute important therapeutic targets for the treatment of HIV-1 infection. Based on the known nucleolar localization properties of Tat, we constructed a chimeric small nucleolar RNA-TAR decoy that localizes to the nucleoli of human cells and colocalizes in the nucleolus with a Tat-enhanced GFP fusion protein. When the chimeric RNA was stably expressed in human T lymphoblastoid CEM cells it potently inhibited HIV-1 replication. These results demonstrate that the nucleolar trafficking of Tat is critical for HIV-1 replication and suggests a role for the nucleolus in HIV-1 viral replication.
Genetic Analysis of FTase and GGTase I and Natural Product Farnesyltransferase Inhibitors (2001)

Protein prenyltransferases are conserved from yeast to humans (1,2). Because yeast and human enzymes are structurally and functionally similar, efforts have been made to use yeast as a genetic system to study protein prenyltransferases. Recently, the yeast system was used to obtain a number of farnesyltransferase (FTase) mutants that provided valuable information concerning residues of FTase important for substrate recognition and catalysis (3,4). The yeast system’ s usefulness for the study of protein prenylation was initially established from the study of the yeast mating factor, a-factor (5,6). This short peptide is modified by the addition of a farnesyl group. The structure determination of this peptide provided insights into the chemical nature of the modification as well as other processing events that accompany farnesylation. The study on the processing of yeast Ras proteins also provided critical information on farnesylation and related processing events, and subsequently led to the identification of the yeast genes encoding FTase (1,7).
Organic cesium salt as an efficient electron injection material for organic light-emitting diodes (2008)

Cesium quinoline-8-oxide (Csq), as an organic salt, was synthesized and applied as an electron injection material for organic light-emitting diodes. A typical bilayer structure of N,N′-bis-(1-naphthyl)-N,N′-diphenyl-1,1′-biphenyl-4,4′-diamine/tris-(8-hydroxy-quinolinolato) aluminum (III) (Alq3) was used to evaluate the electron injection of Csq. The results showed Csq/Al had better electron injection than LiF/Al cathode, and a maximum current efficiency of 4.13 cd/A (3.33 cd/A for LiF/Al) was obtained when the Csq layer is 2.0 nm. It is proposed that the enhanced electron injection by Csq is related to the interfacial chemical reaction between Csq and Al and the self-doping of Csq by librated Cs.
iX-BSP: Belief Space Planning through Incremental Expectation (2019)

Belief space planning (BSP) is a fundamental problem in robotics. Determining an optimal action quickly grows intractable as it involves calculating the expected accumulated cost (reward), where the expectation accounts for all future measurement realizations. State of the art approaches therefore resort to simplifying assumptions and approximations to reduce computational complexity. Importantly, while in robotics re-planning is essential, these approaches calculate each planning session from scratch. In this work we contribute a novel approach, iX-BSP, that is based on the key insight that calculations in consecutive planning sessions are similar in nature and can be thus re-used. Our approach performs incremental calculation of the expectation by appropriately re-using computations already performed in a precursory planing session while accounting for the information obtained in inference between the two planning sessions. The formulation of our approach considers general distributions and accounts for data association aspects. We evaluate iX-BSP in statistical simulation and show that incremental expectation calculations significantly reduce runtime without impacting performance.
Large area portable neutron detectors Helium-3 alternatives (2012)

PartTec, Ltd. has, for the past 3 years, pursued the development of <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3</sup> He alternative neutron detectors for applications such as border security, portal monitors and handheld devices. This paper discusses PartTec's mobile, very large area, ruggedized and highly efficient neutron detector. The detector's construction and performance are outlined in the paper. The goals for development of the detector are to meet all performance standards of the ANSI N42.43 committee's publication, “American National Standard Performance Criteria for Mobile and Transportable Radiation Monitors Used for Homeland Security.” The introductory model of PartTec's line of mobile neutron detectors has an active area of 3,600 cm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> , consists of 1,200 wavelength shifting fibers, 12 single anode photomultiplier tubes and 60cm × 60cm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">6</sup> LiF:ZnS(Ag) scintillator sheets. The purpose of the paper is to introduce to the community the successful implementation of the use of LiF scintillator-based neutron detectors in real-world applications, showing that a commercially viable helium-3 replacement can now be developed. The paper discusses issues related to this detection technology including its performance, manufacture, availability, design flexibility, and cost.
SSZ-60: a new large-pore zeolite related to ZSM-23 (2004)

SSZ-60 is a new borosilicate zeolite that may be prepared using N-ethyl-N-(2,4,4-trimethylcyclopentyl)pyrrolidinium or N-ethyl-N-(3,3,5-trimethylcyclohexyl)pyrrolidinium as a structure directing agent; the framework of SSZ-60 was determined by the FOCUS Fourier recycling method, its structure refined in space group P21nm and found to possess a one-dimensional channel system with pores delimited by twelve-rings; the topological structure of SSZ-60 may be derived from a sigma-expansion of the framework of ZSM-23 (MTT).
Human assisted impedance control of overhead cranes (2002)

Presents an impedance control scheme through which a human operator can move an overhead crane in the x-y plane without applying excessive force. The human pushing force is not measured directly, but it is estimated from angle and position measurements. We show that this method is an effective way to provide intuitive control for overhead cranes.
ChemInform Abstract: BRONCHODILATOR AND ANTIULCER PHENOXYPYRIMIDINONES (1981)

Abstract Die Phenole (I) reagieren mit dem Chloracetal (II) zu den Ethern (III), die in die Enamine (IV) umgewandelt werden.
Chemo‐Mechanical Energy Harvesters with Enhanced Intrinsic Electrochemical Capacitance in Carbon Nanotube Yarns (2022)

Predicting and preventing disasters in difficult-to-access environments, such as oceans, requires self-powered monitoring devices. Since the need to periodically charge and replace batteries is an economic and environmental concern, energy harvesting from external stimuli to supply electricity to batteries is increasingly being considered. Especially, in aqueous environments including electrolytes, coiled carbon nanotube (CNT) yarn harvesters have been reported as an emerging approach for converting mechanical energy into electrical energy driven by large and reversible capacitance changes under stretching and releasing. To realize enhanced harvesting performance, experimental and computational approaches to optimize structural homogeneity and electrochemical accessible area in CNT yarns to maximize intrinsic electrochemical capacitance (IEC) and stretch-induced changes are presented here. Enhanced IEC further enables to decrease matching impedance for more energy efficient circuits with harvesters. In an ocean-like environment with a frequency from 0.1 to 1 Hz, the proposed harvester demonstrates the highest volumetric power (1.6-10.45 mW cm<sup>-3</sup> ) of all mechanical harvesters reported in the literature to the knowledge of the authors. Additionally, a high electrical peak power of 540 W kg<sup>-1</sup> and energy conversion efficiency of 2.15% are obtained from torsional and tensile mechanical energy.
Chemical Enhancement by Nanomaterials under X-ray Irradiation (2012)

We report here a new phenomenon of dynamic enhancement of chemical reactions by nanomaterials under hard X-ray irradiation. The nanomaterials were gold and platinum nanoparticles, and the chemical reaction employed was the hydroxylation of coumarin carboxylic acid. The reaction yield was enhanced 2000 times over that predicted on the basis of the absorption of X-rays only by the nanoparticles, and the enhancement was found for the first time to depend on the X-ray dose rate. The maximum turnover frequency was measured at 1 × 10(-4) s(-1) Gy(-1). We call this process chemical enhancement, which is defined as the increased yield of a chemical reaction due to the chemical properties of the added materials. The chemical enhancement described here is believed to be ubiquitous and may significantly alter the outcome of chemical reactions under X-ray irradiation with the assistance of nanomaterials.
Telecom-band single-photon detection with a gigahertz repetition frequency using a sinusoidally gated avalanche photodiode (2009)

Single‐photon detection at 1550 nm with a high repetition rate was realized using an InGaAs/InP avalanche photodiode operated with a sinusoidal gating. Removing the AC noise due to the transferred gate signal by use of band elimination filters, it is realized to detect much smaller avalanche signals than that in the conventional gating scheme, which results in the suppression of the afterpulsing. Finally, we achieved the detection efficiency of 11.0%, the dark count probability per gate of 7.7×10−7, and the afterpulsing probability was 3.3% at the repetition frequency of 1.2 GHz and the APD operating temperature of −50 degrees Celsius.
Rapid Slew and Settle of a Small Satellite in LEO Laser Communication (2015)

This paper proposes a new system to enable rapid slew and settle (or retargeting) for small satellites. The rapid slew and settle is a critical element to low Earth orbit (LEO) laser communication in which the latency during slew should be minimized and precision pointing should be established right after the slew. The proposed system is comprised of four single degree-of-freedom (DOF) control moment gyros (CMGs) with variable speed flywheels (equivalently, reaction wheels (RW)), called hybrid CMGs (or HCMGs), and an embedded optimizer to solve a new constrained time-optimal control (TOC) and momentum management problem together in real-time. The four HCMGs effectively combine four CMGs and four RWs to meet the strict size, weight and power (SWaP) requirements of small satellites. The new constrained TOC problem effectively addresses the critical singularity issue of the HCMGs and uniquely incorporates momentum management of the RWs, which is discovered to speed up the slew and settle while controlling momentum of the RWs. In this paper, the proposed TOC problem is solved offline by GPOPS and SNOPT that have been proven to be an efficient tool to solve this kind of problem. It makes progress in developing an embedded optimizer that may efficiently solve this optimal control problem in a sequential way by initializing the current optimization process using the previous optimal solution. Due to continuity in the nature of the optimal problem and its solution, the sequential process typically requires only a few iterations to reach the optimal solution and is suitable for real-time optimization.
Development of a small air-cooled ‘‘midnight sun’’ thermophotovoltaic electric generator (1996)

Views Icon Views Article contents Figures & tables Video Audio Supplementary Data Peer Review Share Icon Share Twitter Facebook Reddit LinkedIn Tools Icon Tools Reprints and Permissions Cite Icon Cite Search Site Citation Lewis M. Fraas, Huang Han Xiang, She Hui, Luke Ferguson, John Samaras, Russ Ballantyne, Michael Seal, Ed West; Development of a small air‐cooled ‘‘midnight sun’’ thermophotovoltaic electric generator. AIP Conf. Proc. 15 February 1996; 358 (1): 128–133. https://doi.org/10.1063/1.49681 Download citation file: Ris (Zotero) Reference Manager EasyBib Bookends Mendeley Papers EndNote RefWorks BibTex toolbar search Search Dropdown Menu toolbar search search input Search input auto suggest filter your search All ContentAIP Publishing PortfolioAIP Conference Proceedings Search Advanced Search |Citation Search
Dual-band Circularly Polarized Four-arm Spidron Fractal Antenna for Ku-band Satellite Communication (2017)

A dual-band circularly polarized four-arm Spidron fractal antenna is proposed for Ku-band satellite communication. The dual-band characteristic is realized using two-crossed dipole antennas of different lengths. Each dipole arm includes a Spidron fractal patch to generate circular polarization and a printed meander-line to reduce the size. The proposed antenna is fed by a 50- coaxial cable, and a conducting cavity is utilized to obtain a directional circularly polarized radiation pattern. The experiments demonstrate that the fabricated antenna exhibits −10 dB reflection bandwidths ranging from 10.75 GHz to 12.65 GHz and from 13.33 GHz to more than 15 GHz with a broad 3 dB axial ratio bandwidth covering a frequency range of 10.66–14.46 GHz. The measured peak gains are 8.76 dBic in the lower band and 7.43 dBic in the upper band.
Laser vibrometer based on optical-feedback-induced frequency modulation of a single-mode laser diode (1996)

We describe a sensitive and inexpensive vibrometer based on optical feedback by diffuse scattering to a single-mode diode laser. Fluctuations in the diode laser's operating frequency that are due to scattered light from a vibrating surface are used to detect the amplitude and frequency of surface vibrations. An additional physical vibration of the laser provides an absolute amplitude calibration. The fundamental bandwidth is determined by the laser response time of roughly 10(-9)s. A noise floor of 0.23 nm/Hz(1/2) at 30 kHz with 5 × 10(-5) of the incident light returning is demonstrated. This instrument provides an inexpensive and sensitive method of noncontact measurement in solid materials with low or uneven reflectivity. It can be used as a vibration or velocity sensor.
Hydrochromic conjugated polymers for human sweat pore mapping (2014)

Hydrochromic materials have been actively investigated in the context of humidity sensing and measuring water contents in organic solvents. Here we report a sensor system that undergoes a brilliant blue-to-red colour transition as well as 'Turn-On' fluorescence upon exposure to water. Introduction of a hygroscopic element into a supramolecularly assembled polydiacetylene results in a hydrochromic conjugated polymer that is rapidly responsive (<20 μs), spin-coatable and inkjet-compatible. Importantly, the hydrochromic sensor is found to be suitable for mapping human sweat pores. The exceedingly small quantities (sub-nanolitre) of water secreted from sweat pores are sufficient to promote an instantaneous colorimetric transition of the polymer. As a result, the sensor can be used to construct a precise map of active sweat pores on fingertips. The sensor technology, developed in this study, has the potential of serving as new method for fingerprint analysis and for the clinical diagnosis of malfunctioning sweat pores.