gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Optimal Partitioning of Data Chunks in Deduplication Systems. (2013)

Abstract. Deduplication is a special case of data compression in which repeated chunks of data are stored only once. For very large chunks, this process may be applied even if the chunks are similar and not necessarily identical, and then the encoding of duplicate data consists of a sequence of pointers to matching parts. However, not all the pointers are worth being kept, as they incur some storage overhead. A linear, sub-optimal solution of this partition problem is presented, followed by an optimal solution with cubic time complexity and requiring quadratic space. 1
A polymorphous computing fabric (2002)

We propose a polymorphous computing fabric-based system (FBS) well suited to digital signal processing (DSP) and image processing applications. We have implemented our design on a system on a programmable chip (SoPC). The fabric's highly parameterized cellular architecture enables customized synthesis of fabric instances to achieve high performance for different classes of applications. The system's innovative global memory provides a host control processor with random access to all the variables and instructions on the fabric. The fabric supports several computing models including multiple instruction, multiple data (MIMD); single program, multiple data (SPMD); and systolic flow and permits dynamic reconfiguration of communication patterns. To illustrate the capabilities of our approach, we present two fabric instances with implementations of representative applications including a k-means clustering algorithm, a bank of finite impulse response (FIR) filters, an N-tap FIR filter (N is the number of taps of the filter), and a vector-by-matrix multiplication. Each fabric instance holds 52 cells on the Altera Excalibur ARM embedded processor system.
Synthesis and Compatibility of Ionic Liquid Containing Rod-Coil Polyimide Gel Electrolytes with Lithium Metal Electrodes (2008)

A highly cross-linked polyimide-poly(ethylene oxide) copolymer has been synthesized that is capable of holding large volumes of liquid component, simultaneously maintaining good dimensional stability. An amine end capped oligomer was made that was imidized in solution, followed by reaction with a triisocyanate in the presence of desired additives at ambient temperature. Polymer films are able to hold over 4 times their weight in room temperature ionic liquid (RTIL) or carbonate solvent. Electrolytes were studied that contained varying amounts of RTIL, lithium trifluoromethanesulfonimide (LiTFSi), and alumina nanoparticles. Electrochemical stability of these electrolytes with lithium metal electrodes was studied by galvanic cycling and impedance spectroscopy. Improved cycling stability and decreased interfacial resistance were observed when increasing amounts of RTIL and LiTFSi were added. The addition of small amounts of alumina further decreased interfacial resistance by nearly an order of magnitude. During the course of the study, cycling stability increased from <3 to at and current density.
Sparse Signal Recovery Methods for Multiplexing PET Detector Readout (2013)

Nuclear medicine imaging detectors are commonly multiplexed to reduce the number of readout channels. Because the underlying detector signals have a sparse representation, sparse recovery methods such as compressed sensing may be used to develop new multiplexing schemes. Random methods may be used to create sensing matrices that satisfy the restricted isometry property. However, the restricted isometry property provides little guidance for developing multiplexing networks with good signal-to-noise recovery capability. In this work, we describe compressed sensing using a maximum likelihood framework and develop a new method for constructing multiplexing (sensing) matrices that can recover signals more accurately in a mean square error sense compared to sensing matrices constructed by random construction methods. Signals can then be recovered by maximum likelihood estimation constrained to the support recovered by either greedy l₀ iterative algorithms or l₁-norm minimization techniques. We show that this new method for constructing and decoding sensing matrices recovers signals with 4%-110% higher SNR than random Gaussian sensing matrices, up to 100% higher SNR than partial DCT sensing matrices 50%-2400% higher SNR than cross-strip multiplexing, and 22%-210% higher SNR than Anger multiplexing for photoelectric events.
Interleukin-16 (1997)

Interleukin-16 (IL-16) is a pro-inflammatory cytokine. It is synthesized as a precursor molecule that is processed by cleavage of a C-terminal 14 kDa peptide, which aggregates into bioactive tetramers. IL-16 requires the expression of CD4 for its functions, which include induction of chemotaxis, interleukin-2 receptor and HLA-DR expression, reversible inhibition of TcR/CD3-dependent activation and induction of a repressor of HIV-1 transcription. It represents a major source of the lymphocyte chemotactic activity early after antigen challenge of atopic asthmatics in which the major cell of origin is the epithelium, although mast cells, CD8 cells, CD4 cells and eosinophils are also sources; and the presence of IL-16 directly correlates with the number of infiltrating CD4+ T cells. Potential therapeutic applications are use of inhibitors of IL-16 in asthma and for IL-16 in selective CD4+ T cell immune reconstitution in HIV-1 infection or following chemotherapy.
Informed Sound Source Localization Using Relative Transfer Functions for Hearing Aid Applications (2017)

Recent hearing aid systems (HASs) can connect to a wireless microphone worn by the talker of interest. This feature gives the HASs access to a noise-free version of the target signal. In this paper, we address the problem of estimating the target sound direction of arrival (DoA) for a binaural HAS given access to the noise-free content of the target signal. To estimate the DoA, we present a maximum-likelihood framework which takes the shadowing effect of the user's head on the received signals into account by modeling the relative transfer functions (RTFs) between the HAS's microphones. We propose three different RTF models which have different degrees of accuracy and individualization. Furthermore, we show that the proposed DoA estimators can be formulated in terms of inverse discrete Fourier transforms to evaluate the likelihood function computationally efficiently. We extensively assess the performance of the proposed DoA estimators for various DoAs, signal to noise ratios, and in different noisy and reverberant situations. The results show that the proposed estimators improve the performance markedly over other recently proposed “informed” DoA estimator.
Thrombolysis: The Current State of The Art and How it can be Improved (2019)

Current thrombolytic therapy is essentially synonymous with high dose tPA administered iv for 90 minutes. This treatment has had only limited success in acute myocardial infarction (AMI) [1-3], and consequently has more recently been replaced by percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) as the treatment of choice in AMI [4].
PCEP Extensions for Segment Routing leveraging the IPv6 data plane (2019)

The Source Packet Routing in Networking (SPRING) architecture
describes how Segment Routing (SR) can be used to steer packets
through an IPv6 or MPLS network using the source routing paradigm.
Segment Routing (SR) enables any head-end node to select any path
without relying on a hop-by-hop signaling technique (e.g., LDP or
RSVP-TE). It depends only on segments that are advertised by Link-
State IGPs. A Segment Routed Path can be derived from a variety of
mechanisms, including an IGP Shortest Path Tree (SPT), explicit
configuration, or a Path Computation Element (PCE). Since, Segment
Routing can be applied to both MPLS and IPv6 forwarding plane, a PCE
should be able to compute SR-Path for both MPLS and IPv6 forwarding
plane. This draft describes the extensions required for Segment
Routing support for IPv6 data plane in Path Computation Element
communication Protocol (PCEP).
Ion-Exchange Processes In Glass For Fabrication Of Waveguide Couplers (1988)

Fabrication processes of passive ion-exchanged glass waveguide components for optical interconnections are described. These processes are based on the use of either Ag thin-film sources or potassium ionic masking for Aq+-Na+ exchange with a molten salt source. Emphasis is put on the controllability and versatility of waveguide profiles.
Perceiving polarization with the naked eye: characterization of human polarization sensitivity (2015)

Like many animals, humans are sensitive to the polarization of light. We can detect the angle of polarization using an entoptic phenomenon called Haidinger's brushes, which is mediated by dichroic carotenoids in the macula lutea. While previous studies have characterized the spectral sensitivity of Haidinger's brushes, other aspects remain unexplored. We developed a novel methodology for presenting gratings in polarization-only contrast at varying degrees of polarization in order to measure the lower limits of human polarized light detection. Participants were, on average, able to perform the task down to a threshold of 56%, with some able to go as low as 23%. This makes humans the most sensitive vertebrate tested to date. Additionally, we quantified a nonlinear relationship between presented and perceived polarization angle when an observer is presented with a rotatable polarized light field. This result confirms a previous theoretical prediction of how uniaxial corneal birefringence impacts the perception of Haidinger's brushes. The rotational dynamics of Haidinger's brushes were then used to calculate corneal retardance.We suggest that psychophysical experiments, based upon the perception of polarized light, are amenable to the production of affordable technologies for self-assessment and longitudinal monitoring of visual dysfunctions such as age-related macular degeneration.
Pixel resolution control in numerical reconstruction of digital holography (2006)

A new method for resolution control in numerical reconstruction of digital holography is proposed. The wave field on a tilted or vertical plane can be reconstructed without being subject to the minimum object-to-hologram distance requirement, and the pixel resolution can be easily controlled by adjusting the position of a transitional plane. The proposed method solves the problem of pixel resolution control for small object-to-hologram distances and is especially useful for multicolor, multiwavelength digital holography and metrological applications. Experimental results are presented to verify the idea.
Novel technique for measuring the residual stress and the photoelastic effect profile of an optical fiber (2001)

A novel method is demonstrated for determining the photoelastic effect profile as well as the residual stress profile of an optical fiber for the first time. Measurement results of the residual stress profiles and the photoelastic effect profiles of a B-Ge doped fiber and an Er-Al doped fiber are demonstrated by using this technique with its spatial resolution better than 0.8μm.
Combined acoustic and electric method for monitoring wood drying process: A review (2010)

Abstract The combined method is based on using an electrical method for moisture gradient monitoring and an acoustic emission method for detection of microcracking. In the method, electrodes are used to create an electric field in drying wood and to measure the electric complex spectrum using the impedance spectroscopy method, while at the same time measuring acoustic emissions from drying wood. The result can be used for calculating the parameters required for determining the stress state prevailing in the wood. The spectrum is affected by the properties of the wood, such as moisture content, moisture gradient, temperature, density and structure. When the electric complex spectrum and acoustic emission response are determined at the same time, it is possible to estimate both the main reason for the stresses (moisture gradient) and the outcome (microcracking and macrocracking). The results may be used to control drying to achieve wood products of superior quality. The method was studied and tested both in the laboratory and in industrial kilns.
A novel digital beamforming technique based on homogeneous adaptation employing time-varying convergence factors (2009)

In this paper, a novel complex homogeneous adaptation least mean square algorithm (complex HA-LMS) for digital beamforming is presented. The proposed technique independently adjusts the real and imaginary components of the complex adaptive filter coefficients using optimally derived convergence factors. In addition, the convergence factors are updated at very sample iteration. The complex HA-LMS is applied to adaptive beamforming in a multi-antenna receiver processing Quadrature Amplitude Modulation (QAM) signals. Extensive simulation results show that the complex HA-LMS exhibits improved and consistent performance, in terms of the Symbol Error Rate (SER) and convergence speed, for different flat fading channel conditions and varied number of antenna elements, in contrast to the complex Least Mean Square algorithm (complex LMS) which uses a fixed convergence factor.
Cleaved Iron Oxide Nanoparticles as <i>T</i><sub>2</sub> Contrast Agents for Magnetic Resonance Imaging (2013)

Iron oxide nanoparticles as contrast agents are reported to effectively improve magnetic resonance imaging of tissues and cells. In this work, cleaved iron oxide nanoparticles (CIONPs) were generated from hydrophobic FeO nanoparticles (HIONPs) by coating their surfaces with PEG-phospholipids, oxidizing them under water, and slowly removing the residual FeO phase in phthalate buffer. The synthesized CIONPs showed good r2 values of up to 258 s(-1) mM(-1). Thus, the CIONPs can be employed as vectors for drug delivery due to their unique structure with an empty inner space, which enables their use in a wide range of applications.
Development of low anchoring strength liquid crystal mixtures for bistable nematic displays (2005)

Abstract The recent Bistable Nematic (BiNem®) LCD technology presents long term bistability, high level passive matrix multiplexing, gray levels capabilities and high optical quality. The BiNem® device, based on anchoring breaking, needs specific low anchoring strength materials – alignment layers and liquid crystal mixtures. We present here our approach to develop nematic mixtures with wide enough temperature range and low zenithal anchoring energy.
Efficient Synthesis and Evaluation of Quorum-Sensing Modulators Using Small Molecule Macroarrays (2009)

A method for the synthesis of small molecule macroarrays of N-acylated L-homoserine lactones (AHLs) is reported. A focused library of AHLs was constructed, and the macroarray platform was found to be compatible with both solution and agar-overlay assays using quorum-sensing (QS) reporter strains. Several QS antagonists were discovered and serve to showcase the macroarray as a straightforward technique for QS research.
Agrin promotes coordinated therapeutic processes leading to improved cardiac repair in pigs (2019)

Abstract Ischemic heart diseases are classified among the leading cause of death and reduced life quality worldwide. Although revascularization strategies significantly reduce mortality after acute myocardial infarction (MI), a significant number of MI patients develop chronic heart failure over time. We have recently reported that a fragment of the extra cellular matrix (ECM) protein Agrin promotes cardiac regeneration following MI in adult mice. Here, we tested the therapeutic potential of Agrin in a preclinical porcine model, comprising either 3 or 28 days (d) reperfusion period. We first demonstrate that local (antegrade) delivery of recombinant human Agrin (rhAgrin) to the infarcted pig heart can target the affected regions in an efficient and clinically-relevant manner. Single dose of rhAgrin resulted in significant improvement in heart function, infarct size, fibrosis and adverse remodeling parameters 28 days post MI. Short-term MI experiment along with complementary murine MI studies revealed myocardial protection, improved angiogenesis, inflammatory suppression and cell cycle re-entry, as Agrin’s mechanisms of action. We conclude that a single dose of Agrin is capable of reducing ischemia reperfusion injury and improving cardiac function, demonstrating that Agrin could serve as a therapy for patients with acute MI and potentially heart failure.
Use of radioactive substances in diagnosis and treatment of neuroendocrine tumors (2015)

Radionuclides are needed both for nuclear medicine imaging as well as for peptide-receptor radionuclide therapy (PRRT) of neuroendocrine tumors (NET). Imaging is important in the initial diagnostic work-up and for staging NETs. In therapy planning, somatostatin receptor imaging (SRI) is used when treatment is targeted at the somatostatin receptors as with the use of somatostatin analogues or PRRT. SRI with gamma camera technique using the tracer (111)In-DTPA-octreotide has for many years been the backbone of nuclear imaging of NETs. However, increasingly PET tracers for SRI are now used. (68)Ga-DOTATATE, (68)Ga-DOTATOC and (68)Ga-DOTANOC are the three most often used PET tracers. They perform better than SPECT tracers and should be preferred. FDG-PET is well suited for visualization of most of the somatostatin receptor-negative tumors prognostic in NET patients. Also (11)C-5-HTP, (18)F-DOPA and (123)I-MIBG may be used in NET. However, with FDG-PET and somatostatin receptor PET at hand we see limited necessity of other tracers. PRRT is an important tool in the treatment of advanced NETs causing complete or partial response in 20% and minor response or tumor stabilization in 60% with response duration of up to 3 years. Grade 3-4 kidney or bone marrow toxicity is seen in 1.5% and 9.5%, respectively, but are completely or partly reversible in most patients. (177)Lu-DOTATATE seems to have less toxicity than (90)Y-DOTATOC. However, until now only retrospective, non-randomized studies have been performed and the role of PRRT in treatment of NETs remains to be established.
Nanaomycins, new antibiotics produced by a strain of Streptomyces. I. Taxonomy, isolation, characterization and biological properties. (1975)

Nanomycins are new antibiotics produced by the strain OS-3966 which was designated Streptomyces rosa var. notoensis. Nanomycins A and B were isolated from the culture filtrate by extraction with organic solvent and silica gel chromatography. The physical and chemical properties suggest that nanaomycins A and B are quinone-related compounds having the molecular formulae, C16H14O6 and C16H16O7, respectively. Nanaomycins A and B inhibit mainly mycoplasmas, fungi and Gram-positive bacteria. The acute toxicities (LD50, ip) of nanaomycins A and B in mice are 28.2 and 169 mg/kg, respectively.
Designing a Soluble Near Full-length HIV-1 gp41 Trimer (2012)

The HIV-1 envelope spike is a trimer of heterodimers composed of an external glycoprotein gp120 and a transmembrane glycoprotein gp41. gp120 initiates virus entry by binding to host receptors, whereas gp41 mediates fusion between viral and host membranes. Although the basic pathway of HIV-1 entry has been extensively studied, the detailed mechanism is still poorly understood. Design of gp41 recombinants that mimic key intermediates is essential to elucidate the mechanism as well as to develop potent therapeutics and vaccines. Here, using molecular genetics and biochemical approaches, a series of hypotheses was tested to overcome the extreme hydrophobicity of HIV-1 gp41 and design a soluble near full-length gp41 trimer. The two long heptad repeat helices HR1 and HR2 of gp41 ectodomain were mutated to disrupt intramolecular HR1-HR2 interactions but not intermolecular HR1-HR1 interactions. This resulted in reduced aggregation and improved solubility. Attachment of a 27-amino acid foldon at the C terminus and slow refolding channeled gp41 into trimers. The trimers appear to be stabilized in a prehairpin-like structure, as evident from binding of a HR2 peptide to exposed HR1 grooves, lack of binding to hexa-helical bundle-specific NC-1 mAb, and inhibition of virus neutralization by broadly neutralizing antibodies 2F5 and 4E10. Fusion to T4 small outer capsid protein, Soc, allowed display of gp41 trimers on the phage nanoparticle. These approaches for the first time led to the design of a soluble gp41 trimer containing both the fusion peptide and the cytoplasmic domain, providing insights into the mechanism of entry and development of gp41-based HIV-1 vaccines.
A novel center-slot-fed suspended plate antenna (2003)

This paper describes a novel broadband suspended plate antenna with enhanced radiation performances, which is centrally fed by a balance-like feeding structure. The design consideration is discussed, and measured results are presented. The parametric studies are also included.
A thermally activated solid state reaction process for fabricating ohmic contacts to semiconducting diamond (1990)

Techniques have been developed to produce ohmic contacts to naturally occurring boron doped semiconducting diamond. Thin films of Mo, Mo/Au, and Mo/Ni/Au deposited on diamond produced adherent ohmic contacts after annealing at 950 °C. A thermally activated solid state reaction which produces a refractory carbide precipitate at the original diamond/metal interface is the principal factor in affecting the properties of the contacts. The interface reaction has been characterized using Auger electron spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy, x-ray diffraction, metallography, and I-V measurements.
Picosecond pulsed diode ring laser gyroscope (1991)

Current ring laser gyroscopes (RLGs) are limited in sensitivity at low rotational rates by frequency locking. Various approaches have been used to mitigate locking, such as reducing the amount of scattered light from optical elements or mechanically dithering the cavity. 1 We have demonstrated a novel RLG by actively mode-locking a pair of 1.3 μm InGaAsP diodes in an external ring cavity to generate counterpropagating 100-ps optical pulses that collide between the diodes away from any potential scatterers. 2 Isolating the collision points between the diodes sharply reduces the lockin threshold of the gyro below that observed when the laser is run cw. 3 By varying the current applied to an intracavity Faraday rotator, we have established that the measured beat frequency changes linearly with nonreciprocal phase shift. To the limits of our resolution (currently 20 kHz), no frequency locking behavior is observed. If we purposely reflect a fraction of the output light back into the cavity using retroreflectors, we observe a frequency locking bandwidth that is in good agreement with theory. Translation of the retroreflectors by more than one pulse width causes the lock-band to disappear. With tighter control of various noise sources (current and temperature fluctuations, vibrations, etc.) an allsolid-state device capable of measuring the earth’s rotation without locking may be attainable.