gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Fluidity difference in the surface membrane lipid core of human lymphoblastoid and lymphoma cell lines (1976)

Twenty-five human hematopoietic cell lines established from patients with malignant and non-malignant diseases have been studied for membrane fluidity. The degree of fluidity in the surface membranes was quantitatively monitored by fluorescence polarization analysis of the fluorescence probe, 1,6-diphenyl 1,3,5-hexatriene, when embedded in the lipid region of the surface membrane of intact cells. The results have shown that cells derived from malignant diseases have a more fluid lipid layer in their surface membrane than cells derived from non-malignant disorders. It is, therefore, suggested that a quantitative analysis of fluidity differences in the cell surface membrane lipid core can be of value to the studies on basic differences between normal and malignant cell lines established from the human hematopoietic system.
2‘-<i>O</i>-[2-(Amino)-2-oxoethyl] Oligonucleotides (2003)

Oligonucleotides with novel modifications, 2‘-O-[2-(amino)-2-oxoethyl] (2‘-O-NAc), 2‘-O-[2-(methylamino)-2-oxoethyl] (2‘-O-NMAc), 2‘-O-[2-(dimethylamino)-2-oxoethyl] (2‘-O-DMAc), and 2‘-O-[2-[[2-(dimethylamino)ethyl]amino]-2-oxoethyl] (2‘-O-DMAEAc), have been synthesized. These modified oligonucleotides exhibit high binding affinity to complementary RNA (and not to DNA) and considerably enhance the nuclease stability of oligonucleotides with t1/2 > 24 h.
OverCoat (2011)

We present a technique to generalize the 2D painting metaphor to 3D that allows the artist to treat the full 3D space as a canvas. Strokes painted in the 2D viewport window must be embedded in 3D space in a way that gives creative freedom to the artist while maintaining an acceptable level of controllability. We address this challenge by proposing a canvas concept defined implicitly by a 3D scalar field. The artist shapes the implicit canvas by creating approximate 3D proxy geometry. An optimization procedure is then used to embed painted strokes in space by satisfying different objective criteria defined on the scalar field. This functionality allows us to implement tools for painting along level set surfaces or across different level sets. Our method gives the power of fine-tuning the implicit canvas to the artist using a unified painting/sculpting metaphor. A sculpting tool can be used to paint into the implicit canvas. Rather than adding color, this tool creates a local change in the scalar field that results in outward or inward protrusions along the field's gradient direction. We address a visibility ambiguity inherent in 3D stroke rendering with a depth offsetting method that is well suited for hardware acceleration. We demonstrate results with a number of 3D paintings that exhibit effects difficult to realize with existing systems.
Synthesis and antiulcer activity of 4-substituted 8-((2-benzimidazolyl)sulfinylmethyl)-1,2,3,4-tetrahydroquinolines and related compounds. (1990)

A series of 4-substituted 8-[(2-benzimidazolyl)sulfinylmethyl]-1,2,3,4-tetrahydroquinolin es was synthesized and examined for their (H+ + K+)adenosine triphosphatase (ATPase)-inhibitory and antisecretory activities against histamine-induced gastric acid secretion in rats. Many compounds tested were potent inhibitors of (H+ + K+)ATPase. Most compounds showed antisecretory activity. The antiulcer activity against water-immersion stress-induced gastric ulcer, aspirin-induced gastric ulcer and gastric necrosis induced by hydrochloric acid also were tested in the rat. Some of these compounds, in particular, 4-(N-allyl-N-methylamino)-1-ethyl-8-[(5-fluoro-6-methoxy-2-benzimidazoly l) sulfinylmethyl]-1-ethyl-1,2,3,4-tetrahydroquinoline (XVIIx) were found to have potent activity. The structure-activity relationships are discussed.
Removal of Radioactive Cesium from Nuclear Waste Solutions with the Transition Metal Hexacyanoferrate Ion Exchanger CsTreat (2001)

A transition metal hexacyanoferrate product CsTreat has been utilized at industrial scale for radioactive cesium separation at several nuclear power plants (NPPs) in several countries. A granular hexacyanoferrate ion exchanger has been used in packed-bed column mode operations for the removal of cesium from a variety of wastewater types. CsTreat beds have successfully purified both high-salt evaporator concentrates and dilute floor drain waters at NPPs in Finland and the United States. Furthermore, medium-active reprocessing solutions, containing high concentrations of sodium nitrate, have been decontaminated by a CsTreat bed at the Japan Atomic Energy Research Institute. These solutions are described as are other industrial applications of this ion exchange material, which, of all the commercial materials, has been shown to be the most selective exchanger for cesium. In addition, some prospective fields of hexacyanoferrate utilization, such as the use of CsTreat powder in a precoat filtration system, are discussed.
Supplementary Figure S2 from Cytidine Deaminase Deficiency Reveals New Therapeutic Opportunities against Cancer (2023)

<p>Experiments related to studies on the silencing of CDA gene expression.</p>
Low-Noise Rotorcraft Blades (1994)

Blades of helicopter rotors, tilt rotors, and like reshaped to reduce noise, according to proposal. Planform features combination of rearward and forward sweep. Forward sweep over large outer portion of blade constitutes primary noise-reduction feature. Relieves some of compressive effect in tip region, with consequent reduction of noise from compressive sources. Performance at high advance ratio improved. Cabin vibration and loading noise reduced by load-averaging effect of double-sweep planform. Aft-swept section provides balancing of aerodynamic and other dynamic forces on blade along 1/4-chord line of straight inboard section and along projection of line to outermost blade radius. Possible for hub-hinge forces and moments to remain within practical bounds. Provides stabilizing blade forces and moments to counteract any instability caused by forward sweep.
Optimisation of the Aqueous Precipitation Synthesis of Silicate-Substituted Hydroxyapatite (2007)

Silicon-substituted hydroxyapatite (SiHA) bioceramics are widely used as bone replacement materials. There are various synthesis methods used to produce SiHA samples using different sources of silicon. This study aims to investigate the role of tetraethyl orthosilicate (TEOS) as the silicon source in the precipitation reaction synthesis of silicate-substituted HA. Four different synthesis methods were studied by changing the order of addition of the TEOS solution during the precipitation reaction. XRD and QXRD were used to determine the phase purity of the prepared samples. FTIR and SSNMR were used to assess silicon/silicate substitution in the prepared materials. Of the initial four methods used, only one resulted in a sample that was phase pure. The other three syntheses, which produced biphasic compositions, were modified and a further single phase sample was prepared. Results showed that the final composition is strongly dependant on how and when the TEOS was added during the precipitation reaction.
Accurate Segmentation of Cerebrovasculature From TOF-MRA Images Using Appearance Descriptors (2020)

Analyzing cerebrovascular changes can significantly lead to not only detecting the presence of serious diseases e.g., hypertension and dementia, but also tracking their progress. Such analysis could be better performed using Time-of-Flight Magnetic Resonance Angiography (ToF-MRA) images, but this requires accurate segmentation of the cerebral vasculature from the surroundings. To achieve this goal, we propose a fully automated cerebral vasculature segmentation approach based on extracting both prior and current appearance features that have the ability to capture the appearance of macro and micro-vessels in ToF-MRA. The appearance prior is modeled with a novel translation and rotation invariant Markov-Gibbs Random Field (MGRF) of voxel intensities with pairwise interaction analytically identified from a set of training data sets. The appearance of the cerebral vasculature is also represented with a marginal probability distribution of voxel intensities by using a Linear Combination of Discrete Gaussians (LCDG) that its parameters are estimated by using a modified Expectation-Maximization (EM) algorithm. The extracted appearance features are separable and can be classified by any classifier, as demonstrated by our segmentation results. To validate the accuracy of our algorithm, we tested the proposed approach on in-vivo data using 270 data sets, which were qualitatively validated by a neuroradiology expert. The results were quantitatively validated using the three commonly used metrics for segmentation evaluation: the Dice coefficient, the modified Hausdorff distance, and the absolute volume difference. The proposed approach showed a higher accuracy compared to two of the existing segmentation approaches.
A knot in the protein structure – probing the near‐infrared fluorescent protein i<scp>RFP</scp> designed from a bacterial phytochrome (2014)

The possibility of engineering near-infrared fluorescent proteins and biosensors from bacterial phytochrome photoreceptors (BphPs) has led to substantial interest in this family of proteins. The near-infrared fluorescent proteins have allowed non-invasive bio-imaging of deep tissues and whole organs in living animals. BphPs and derived near-infrared fluorescent proteins contain a structural element, called a knot, in their polypeptide chains. The formation of knot structures in proteins was refuted for a long time. Here, we studied the denaturation and renaturation processes of the near-infrared fluorescent probe iRFP, engineered from RpBphP2, which utilizes a heme-derived tetrapyrrole compound biliverdin as a chromophore. iRFP contains a unique figure-of-eight knot. The denaturation and renaturation curves of the iRFP apoform coincided well, suggesting efficient refolding. However, the iRFP holoform exhibited irreversible unfolding and aggregation associated with the bound chromophore. The knot structure in the apoform did not prevent subsequent binding of biliverdin, resulting in the functional iRFP holoform. We suggest that the irreversibility of protein unfolding is caused by post-translational protein modifications, such as chromophore binding, rather than the presence of the knot. These results are essential for future design of BphP-based near-infrared probes, and add important features to our knowledge of protein folding.
Equine rhinitis A virus: structural proteins and immune response (2001)

Equine rhinitis A virus (ERAV) is a picornavirus that has been reclassified as a member of the Aphthovirus genus because of its resemblance to foot-and-mouth disease virus at the level of nucleotide sequence and overall genomic structure. The N-terminal amino acid sequence of three of the four capsid proteins of ERAV was determined and showed that the proteolytic cleavage sites within the precursor P1 polypeptide occur exactly as those predicted for an aphthovirus-like 3C protease, which generates the capsid proteins VP1 and VP3. However, the autocatalytic cleavage site between VP4 and VP2, which is independent of 3C protease cleavage, was different from that predicted previously. ERAV.393/76 antisera from horses and rabbits showed different reactivity to the viral structural proteins in both serum neutralization assays and Western blots. High neutralizing antibody titres appeared to correlate with strong reactivity to VP1 in Western blots.
Comparison of selected canine vaccines for their ability to induce protective immunity against canine parvovirus infection (1997)

Substantial differences existed among commercial vaccines available in 1994 in their ability to immunize pups with maternally derived CPV antibody. These differences caused many vaccinated pups to be susceptible to CPV disease for variable periods because some vaccines failed to immunize. Importantly, all 4 of the vaccines that performed poorly have recently been replaced by more effective products so that the 6 vaccines now perform similarly.
Time domain compressive beam forming of ultrasound signals (2015)

Ultrasound imaging is a wide spread technique used in medical imaging as well as in non-destructive testing. The technique offers many advantages such as real-time imaging, good resolution, prompt acquisition, ease of use, and low cost compared to other techniques such as x-ray imaging. However, the maximum frame rate achievable is limited as several beams must be emitted to compute a single image. For each emitted beam, one must wait for the wave to propagate back and forth, thus imposing a limit to the frame rate. Several attempts have been made to use less beams while maintaining image quality. Although efficiently increasing the frame rate, these techniques still use several transmit beams. Compressive Sensing (CS), a universal data completion scheme based on convex optimization, has been successfully applied to a number of imaging modalities over the past few years. Using a priori knowledge of the signal, it can compute an image using less data allowing for shorter acquisition times. In this paper, it is shown that a valid CS framework can be derived from ultrasound propagation theory, and that this framework can be used to compute images of scatterers using only one plane wave as a transmit beam.
ARUM: Polar-Coded HARQ Scheme Based on Incremental Channel Polarization (2018)

A hybrid automatic repeat request (HARQ) scheme for polar codes, called active-bit relocation under masks (ARUM), is proposed. In each transmission, the data bits are encoded and bitwisely XOR-masked using a binary vector before being transmitted through the channel. The masking process combines multiple transmissions together and forms another step of intertransmission channel transform. The reliabilities are updated after every transmission, and the less reliable bits in earlier ones are relocated to the more reliable positions at the latest transmitted block. ARUM is a very flexible HARQ scheme that allows varying mother code length and arbitrary rate-matching scheme. Simulation shows that ARUM can obtain near-optimal coding gain after combining multiple transmission blocks.
CMOS Active-Pixel Image Sensor With Simple Floating Gates (1996)

Experimental complementary metal-oxide/semiconductor (CMOS) active-pixel image integrated circuit features simple floating-gate structure, with metal-oxide/semiconductor field-effect transistor (MOSFET) as active circuit element in each pixel. Provides flexibility of readout modes, no kTC noise, and relatively simple structure suitable for high-density arrays. Features desirable for smart sensor applications.
Radiometric Calibration from Noise Distributions (2007)

A method is proposed for estimating radiometric response functions from noise observations. From the statistical properties of noise sources, the noise distribution for each scene radiance value is shown to be symmetric for a radiometrically calibrated camera. However, due to the non-linearity of camera response functions, the observed noise distributions become skewed in an uncalibrated camera. In this paper, we capitalize on these asymmetric profiles of measured noise distributions to estimate radiometric response functions. Unlike prior approaches, the proposed method is not sensitive to noise level, and is therefore particularly useful when the noise level is high. Also, the proposed method does not require registered input images taken with different exposures; only statistical noise distributions at multiple intensity levels are used. Real-world experiments demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed approach in comparison to standard calibration techniques.
COSYN (1997)

Hardware-software co-synthesis is the process ofpartitioning an embedded system specification into hardware andsoftware modules to meet performance, power and cost goals. Inthis paper, we present a co-synthesis algorithm which starts withperiodic task graphs with real-time constraints and produces a low-costheterogeneous distributed embedded system architecturemeeting the constraints. The algorithm has the following features:1) it allows the use of multiple types of processing elements (PEs)and inter-PE communication links, where the links can take variousforms (point-to-point, bus, local area network (LAN), etc.), 2) itsupports both concurrent and sequential modes of communicationand computation, 3) it allows both preemptive and non-preemptivescheduling, 4) it employs the concept of an association array totackle the problem of multi-rate systems (which are commonlyfound in multimedia applications), 5) it uses a scheduler based ondynamic deadline-based priority levels for accurate performanceestimation of a co-synthesis solution, 6) it uses a new taskclustering technique which takes the dynamic nature of the criticalpath, and the existence of multiple critical paths in the task graphinto account, and 7) if desired, it also optimizes the architecture forpower consumption (we are not aware of any other co-synthesisalgorithm that optimizes power). Application of the proposedalgorithm to examples from the literature and real-life telecomtransport systems shows its efficacy.
Multi-modal Image Stitching with Nonlinear Optimization (2019)

Despite significant advances in recent years, the problem of image stitching still lacks a robust solution. Most of the feature based image stitching algorithms perform image alignment based on either homography-based transformation or content-preserving warping. Pairwise homography-based approach miserably fails to handle parallax whereas content-preserving warping approach does not preserve the structural property of the images. In this paper, we propose a nonlinear optimization to find out the global homographies using pairwise homography estimates and point correspondences. We further compute local warping based alignment to mitigate the aberration caused by noises in the global homography estimation. To this end, we incorporate geometric as well as photometric constraints to design our cost function which is minimized to obtain better alignment after the global registration, thus producing accurate image stitching. Experimental results on various open datasets demonstrate that our proposed method outperforms state-of-the-art image stitching algorithms.
Preparation of Conductive Nanotube–Polymer Composites Using Latex Technology (2004)

Composites consisting of individual, or bundles of single‐walled, exfoliated nanotubes in a highly viscous polymer matrix (see Figure) are described. The nanotubes and polymer are made compatible using surfactant molecules, hence avoiding the need for direct attraction between the nanotubes and the matrix. The resulting nanotube–polymer composites have a conductivity percolation threshold of 0.28 wt.‐% nanotubes.
Progress on high-power high-brightness VCSELs and applications (2015)

Vertical-cavity surface-emitting lasers (VCSELs) are attractive for many pumping and direct-diode applications due to combined advantages in low cost, high reliability, narrow and thermally stable spectrum, high power scalability, and easy system integration, etc. We report our progress on electrically pumped, GaAs-based, high- power high-brightness VCSELs and 2D arrays in the infrared wavelength range. At 976nm, over 5.5W peak CW output and 60% peak power conversion efficiency (PCE) were demonstrated with 225um oxide-confined device. For 5x5mm arrays, peak PCE of 54% and peak power of >450W at 976nm, peak PCE of 46% and peak power of >110W at 808nm were achieved respectively under QCW conditions. External cavity configuration was used to improve the VCSEL brightness. Single mode output of 280mW and 37% PCE were realized from 80um device. For large 325um device, we obtained single mode (M<sup>2</sup>=1.1) CW output of 2.1W, corresponding to a brightness of 160MW/cm<sup>2</sup>*sr. Three major areas of applications using such VCSELs are discussed: 1. High brightness fiber output; 2. High power, high efficiency green lasers from 2<sup>nd</sup> harmonic generation. 3.34W green output with 21.2% PCE were achieved; 3. Pumping solid state lasers for high energy pulse generation. We have demonstrated Q-switched pulses with 16.1mJ at 1064nm and 4.9mJ with 1W average power at 473nm.
Pilot Studies of Wearable Outpatient Artificial Pancreas in Type 1 Diabetes (2012)

The artificial pancreas (AP) has been tested extensively in the hospital setting (1–5). Here we describe a next logical step in AP development—the first outpatient trials of a wearable AP based on a smartphone computational platform.

Following Ethical Committee approvals and ClinicalTrials.gov registration (NCT01447992 and NCT01447979), two simultaneous studies were conducted in Padova, Italy, and Montpellier, France, in October 2011, enrolling a 38-year-old female and a 52-year-old male, respectively; both were Caucasian, type 1 diabetic insulin pump users.

Day 1—At 17:00, the patients arrived at hotels located within 1 km from the emergency room. Subjects’ pumps were replaced by Omnipod Insulin Management Systems. The APs were activated in open-loop mode implementing the patients’ regular routines and remote monitoring was initiated. At 20:00, the patients had dinner at a local restaurant, without dietary restrictions and then spent the night in the hotel.

Day 2—At 7:00, the patients were admitted to the clinic and the APs were switched to automated closed-loop control and challenged by breakfast at 8:00 and lunch at 12:00. At 18:00, the patients moved back to the hotel; dinner was at 20:00 in a local restaurant, without dietary restrictions. Meal bolus was recommended by the APs and approved by the patients; …
Posttranscriptional Gene Silencing in Transgenic Sugarcane. Dissection of Homology-Dependent Virus Resistance in a Monocot That Has a Complex Polyploid Genome1 (1999)

RNA-mediated, posttranscriptional gene silencing has been determined as the molecular mechanism underlying transgenic virus resistance in many plant virus-dicot host plant systems. In this paper we show that transgenic virus resistance in sugarcane (Saccharum spp. hybrid) is based on posttranscriptional gene silencing. The resistance is derived from an untranslatable form of the sorghum mosaic potyvirus strain SCH coat protein (CP) gene. Transgenic sugarcane plants challenged with sorghum mosaic potyvirus strain SCH had phenotypes that ranged from fully susceptible to completely resistant, and a recovery phenotype was also observed. Clones derived from the same transformation event or obtained after vegetative propagation could display different levels of virus resistance, suggesting the involvement of a quantitative component in the resistance response. Most resistant plants displayed low or undetectable steady-state CP transgene mRNA levels, although nuclear transcription rates were high. Increased DNA methylation was observed in the transcribed region of the CP transgenes in most of these plants. Collectively, these characteristics indicate that an RNA-mediated, homology-dependent mechanism is at the base of the virus resistance. This work extends posttranscriptional gene silencing and homology-dependent virus resistance, so far observed only in dicots, to an agronomically important, polyploid monocot.