gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Surfactant-free synthesis of Fe<sub>3</sub>O<sub>4</sub>@PANI and Fe<sub>3</sub>O<sub>4</sub>@PPy microspheres as adsorbents for isolation of PCR-ready DNA (2012)

Magnetic separation with composite microspheres presents an alternative strategy for applications in biomedical and bioengineering fields. However, the synthesis of core-shell structured magnetic composites universally assumes the surfactant-directing and/or silica-assisting polymerization approach to modify and stabilize the magnetic cores. In this paper, we report on the surfactant-free synthesis of well-defined core-shell structured Fe(3)O(4)@PANI and Fe(3)O(4)@PPy microspheres with high magnetization. The temperature dependence of magnetization of the samples was examined as a function of temperature between 3 and 300 K in an applied field of 500 Oe. It was found that the blocking temperature (T(B)) values of the composite spheres are well above the room temperature. The small variation in magnetization as the temperature changes renders the composite spheres a suitable candidate when used at elevated temperatures. Also, the genomic DNA can be effectively isolated from Aspergillus niger (A. niger) cells with the composite microspheres, using a PEG-NaCl binding buffer and a phosphate eluting buffer. The magnetic isolation of genomic DNA with the composite microspheres was shown to be superior to the conventional phenol-chloroform extraction, which was confirmed by agarose gel eletrophoresis and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) diagnosis. The Fe(3)O(4)@PANI and Fe(3)O(4)@PPy microspheres presented here have great potential in enzyme immobilization, drug delivery, catalysis, and sensors.
Determining Energies and Cross Sections of Individual Ions Using Higher-Order Harmonics in Fourier Transform Charge Detection Mass Spectrometry (FT-CDMS) (2018)

A general method for in situ measurements of the energy of individual ions trapped and weighed using charge detection mass spectrometry (CDMS) is described. Highly charged (> 300 e), individual polyethylene glycol (PEG) ions are trapped and oscillate within an electrostatic trap, producing a time domain signal. A segmented Fourier transform (FT) of this signal yields the temporal evolution of the fundamental and harmonic frequencies of ion motion throughout the 500-ms trap time. The ratio of the fundamental frequency and second harmonic (HAR) depends on the ion energy, which is an essential parameter for measuring ion mass in CDMS. This relationship is calibrated using simulated ion signals, and the calibration is compared to the HAR values measured for PEG ion signals where the ion energy was also determined using an independent method that requires that the ions be highly charged (> 300 e). The mean error of 0.6% between the two measurements indicates that the HAR method is an accurate means of ion energy determination that does not depend on ion size or charge. The HAR is determined dynamically over the entire trapping period, making it possible to observe the change in ion energy that takes place as solvent evaporates from the ion and collisions with background gas occur. This method makes it possible to measure mass changes, either from solvent evaporation or from molecular fragmentation (MS<sup>n</sup>), as well as the cross sections of ions measured using CDMS. Graphical Abstract.
α‐Amino Acid Derivatives by Enantioselective Decarboxylation (2003)

Abstract The methodology of enantioselective decarboxylation was applied to 2‐aminomalonic acid derivatives in order to obtain enantio‐enriched amino acid derivatives. Full conversion was achieved stirring racemic N ‐acetylated 2‐aminomalonic hemiesters in THF at 70 °C with 10 mol % of a chiral base for 24 h. The catalyst may be recycled. Whereas the commercially available cinchona alkaloids gave poor results, benzamide and benzenesulfonamide derivatives of 9‐amino(9‐deoxy)epicinchonine turned out to be effective catalysts. The best result was obtained with 2‐ N ‐acetylamino‐2‐ethoxycarbonyl‐3‐phenylpropionic acid as the starting material and N ‐(9‐deoxyepicinchonine‐9‐yl)‐4‐methoxybenzamide as the chiral base to give ethyl N ‐acetyl‐ L ‐phenylalaninate in 70% ee . (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2003)
Locality phase prediction (2004)

As computer memory hierarchy becomes adaptive, its performance increasingly depends on forecasting the dynamic program locality. This paper presents a method that predicts the locality phases of a program by a combination of locality profiling and run-time prediction. By profiling a training input, it identifies locality phases by sifting through all accesses to all data elements using variable-distance sampling, wavelet filtering, and optimal phase partitioning. It then constructs a phase hierarchy through grammar compression. Finally, it inserts phase markers into the program using binary rewriting. When the instrumented program runs, it uses the first few executions of a phase to predict all its later executions.Compared with existing methods based on program code and execution intervals, locality phase prediction is unique because it uses locality profiles, and it marks phase boundaries in program code. The second half of the paper presents a comprehensive evaluation. It measures the accuracy and the coverage of the new technique and compares it with best known run-time methods. It measures its benefit in adaptive cache resizing and memory remapping. Finally, it compares the automatic analysis with manual phase marking. The results show that locality phase prediction is well suited for identifying large, recurring phases in complex programs.
Static coating of phenyl and biphenyl polysiloxane stationary phases on small‐diameter capillary columns (1988)

Abstract Static coating of phenyl and biphenyl polysiloxane stationary phases on 50 μm i.d. open tubular capillaries was studied. The influence of coating solvents and coating temperatures on the viscosities and surface tensions of the polymer stationary phases and their coating solutions was determined. A measure of the Rayleigh instability paralled the observed coating efficiencies.
Synthesis of Enantiopure Termini-Differentiated Heptane Stereotriads.<sup>1</sup> Application to Side Chain-Functionalized Tetrahydrofurans of IKD-8344 (2000)

Enantiopure epoxy cycloheptenyl sulfones syn-7b and anti-7b are prepared in five high-yielding and stereospecific operations from 1, 3-cycloheptadiene. These substrates serve as effective precursors for cis- and trans-substituted tetrahydrofurans (12, 10) which are segments of the antineoplastic agent IKD-8344.
Retinal image analysis aimed at support of early neural-layer deterioration diagnosis (2009)

The contribution aims at designing and testing an automatic method to estimate the status of the retinal neural fibre layer (NFL) based on analysing the output of the most common ophthalmological imaging modality - fundus camera images. As the neural layer manifests itself in these images rather faintly and is often hardly visible, the method has to utilise subtle features discoverable, with a reasonable reliability, only by combining different texture analysis approaches. The texture analysis must be preceded by detecting and removing the eye vessel structure overlaid on the neural layer thus hindering the proper NFL detection. The results of both analytic phases - the vessel structure segmentation and the neural layer detection - were evaluated using sets of both clinically obtained and international standard retinal image databases.
Enhanced Electrical Conductivity of Cellulose Nanofiber/Graphene Composite Paper with a Sandwich Structure (2018)

A novel conductive paper based on cellulose nanofiber (CNF) and reduced graphene oxide (RGO) with a sandwich structure was successfully prepared through step-by-step vacuum filtration followed by a chemical reduction process in which a CNF layer is sandwiched between two thin RGO layers. This unique design strategy not only provides a highly conductive network for its surface but also maintains the structural integrity of CNF. The sandwich-structured paper exhibits a significantly conductive anisotropy, and the in-plane electrical conductivity is drastically enhanced as 4382 S m–1 with only 4 wt % RGO, whereas it is insulating along the cross-plane direction. This can be attributed to the RGO layers at the top and bottom surface connected in parallel. This high electrical conductivity is greatly superior to most of the cellulose/graphene composite papers obtained by conventional blending processes. Compared with the similar layer-by-layer assembly technique, the present method is more feasible and time saving. Moreover, the sandwich-structured paper shows excellent mechanical strength and good flexibility, which may facilitate its applications in future flexible electronics.
Thermal performance of air-cooled hybrid heat sinks for a low velocity environment (2002)

Experimental procedures were used to compare thermal performance characteristics for similar shaped air-cooled heat sinks manufactured from metallic and non-metallic materials. The heat sink geometry was designed and optimized with the intent of cooling a single die which is dissipating 100 watts in a desktop, workstation environment. One of the heat sinks was fabricated by bonding a copper base to a machined, graphite fin structure which has a uni-directional thermal conductivity of 800 W/m C. At 183 air velocity of 150 linear feet per minute (lfm) and an estimated pressure loss of less than 0.039 inches of water, the measured sink-to-air thermal resistance was 0.53 C/W for this copper/graphite hybrid design. Measured junction-to-sink thermal resistances were less than 0.20 C/W when a commercially available land grid array package was used to directly attach a copper heat sink to a 0.50"/spl times/0.50"/spl times/0.015" thermal test chip. Measured heat sink thermal resistances were in relatively good agreement with predicted heat sink resistance values for sea level atmospheric conditions. A modeling simplification technique is presented which allows the numerical computational time to be reduced by at least 50 percent for heat sink optimization studies. Numerical computational techniques were used to estimate the effect of reduced air density on heat sink performance for high altitude, low air velocity environmental conditions.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Teams in Organizations (1999)

This article offers a typology of team types found in organizations and reports the results of two surveys sent to U.S. organizations asking about the prevalence, duties, composition, and structure of groups and teams in practice. One sample was randomly selected from the entire population of U.S. organizations; the second sample consisted of organizations known or believed to use teams. Nearly half (48%) of the respondents in the random sample indicated that their organization used some type of team, and ongoing project teams were reported most frequently. Teams were more prevalent in organizations with multiple departments, multiple divisions, higher sales, and more employees. Interpersonal conflict was the best predictor of perceived team effectiveness, but several structural and composition characteristics of the team were related to conflict and/or effectiveness as well. Organizations that reported using teams generally did not support them in terms of team-level performance feedback or compensation practices.
Application of an adaptive control grid interpolation technique to MR data set augmentation aimed at morphological vascular reconstruction (2002)

The total cavopulmonary connection (TCPC) is a palliative surgical repair performed on children with a single ventricle (SV) physiology. Much of the power produced by the resultant single ventricle pump is consumed in the systemic circulation. Consequently the minimization of power loss in the TCPC is imperative for optimal surgical outcome. Toward this end we have developed a method of vascular morphology reconstruction based on adaptive control grid interpolation (ACGI) to function as a precursor to computational fluid dynamics (CFD) analysis aimed at quantifying power loss. Our technique combines positive aspects of optical flow-based and block-based motion estimation algorithms to accurately augment insufficiently dense Magnetic Resonance (MR) data sets with a minimal degree of computational complexity. The resulting enhanced data sets are used to reconstruct vascular geometries, and the subsequent reconstructions can then be used in conjunction with CFD simulations to offer th pressure and velocity information necessary to quantify power loss in the TCPC. Collectively these steps form a tool that transforms conventional MR data into more powerful information allowing surgical planning aimed at producing optimal TCPC configurations for successful surgical outcomes.
Optical absorption mechanism of GaAs photoconductive semiconductor switch (2018)

The output charges of linear and nonlinear semi-insulating GaAs photoconductive semiconductor switches (PCSSs) triggered by a 1064 nm nanosecond pulse laser with an energy of millijoule level are measured under different bias voltages. On the basis of the operation mechanism of the linear PCSS, the photogenerated carrier densities of the PCSS are measured. From the results of the comparison between the measured values and the values determined by different absorption mechanisms, the absorption mechanism of the switch is analyzed. As an important parameter of the avalanching charge domain, the effect of the photogenerated carrier density on the output performance of GaAs PCSSs is discussed.
An Achievable Rate for the Multiple-Level Relay Channel (2005)

For the multiple-level relay channel, an achievable rate formula, and a simple coding scheme to achieve it, are presented. Generally, higher rates can be achieved with this coding scheme in the multiple-level relay case than previously known. For a class of degraded channels, this achievable rate is shown to be the exact capacity. An application of the coding scheme to the allcast problem is also discussed.
A Kinetic Model of Calcium Mass Balance during Dialysis Therapy (2006)

A kinetic model of Ca mass balance during dialysis has been developed. It is a single-compartment, variable-volume model to compute Ca mass balance during dialysis in its volume of distribution, the extracellular fluid. The model was used to analyze literature data which were suitable for the assessment of Ca mass balance over the course of dialysis. The modeled analyses predicted the serial plasma Ca concentrations very well. The mass balance analyses revealed a pool of rapidly diffusible Ca beyond the extracellular fluid distribution volume where Ca could be mobilized (M+(Ca)) or sequestered (M-(Ca)) very rapidly at rate equal but opposite in sign to dialyzer flux and thus effectively maintain near constant plasma Ca in the face of dialyzer Ca concentration gradients. This pool is likely the large pool of diffusible (miscible) Ca in connective tissue and on bone surfaces. Analysis of net Ca flux during dialysis with Cdi(Ca) = 2.50 mEq/l suggests that 80% of patients are in positive Ca balance during dialysis. Further studies are required to verify the model and to develop a model of interdialytic Ca mass balance.
Understanding diversity of human innate immunity receptors: analysis of surface features of leucine-rich repeat domains in NLRs and TLRs (2009)

Despite its low resolution, our approach permits comparison of molecular surface features in the absence of crystal structure data. Our results illustrate diversity of surface features of innate immunity receptors and provide hints for function of NLRs whose specific role in innate immunity is yet unknown.
Rapid, High‐Resolution 3D Interference Printing of Multilevel Ultralong Nanochannel Arrays for High‐Throughput Nanofluidic Transport (2015)

3D interference printing enables the single-step production of multilayered ultralong nanochannel arrays with nanoscale regularity. The superior depth-of-focus of this technique realizes a state-of-the-art nanostructure which has intensively stacked 32 layers of inch-long, horizonontal nanochannels with sub-100 nm holes in a monolithic matrix (≈15 μm). This exceptional structure can be integrated into microfluidic devices, facilitating high-flux rheological platforms using nanocapillarity.
Towards an Intelligent Hospital Environment: Adaptive Workflow in the OR of the Future (2006)

Patients, providers, payers, and government demand more effective and efficient healthcare services, and the healthcare industry needs innovative ways to re-invent core processes. Business process reengineering (BPR) [14] showed adopting new hospital information systems can leverage this transformation and workflow management technologies can automate process management. Our research indicates workflow technologies in healthcare require real time patient monitoring, detection of adverse events, and adaptive responses to breakdown in normal processes [12]. Adaptive workflow systems are rarely implemented making current workflow implementations inappropriate for healthcare. The advent of evidence based medicine, guideline based practice, and better understanding of cognitive workflow combined with novel technologies including Radio Frequency Identification (RFID), mobile/wireless technologies, internet workflow, intelligent agents, and Service Oriented Architectures (SOA) opens up new and exciting ways of automating business processes. Total situational awareness of events, timing, and location of healthcare activities can generate self-organizing change in behaviors of humans and machines.
Modelling of nutrient partitioning in growing pigs to predict their anatomical body composition. 1. Model description (2004)

A dynamic mechanistic model was developed for growing and fattening pigs. The aim of the model was to predict growth rate and the chemical and anatomical body compositions from the digestible nutrient intake of gilts (20-105 kg live weight). The model represents the partitioning of digestible nutrients from intake through intermediary metabolism to body protein and body fat. State variables of the model were lysine, acetyl-CoA equivalents, glucose, volatile fatty acids and fatty acids as metabolite pools, and protein in muscle, hide-backfat, bone and viscera and body fat as body constituent pools. It was assumed that fluxes of metabolites follow saturation kinetics depending on metabolite concentrations. In the model, protein deposition rate depended on the availability of lysine and of acetyl-CoA. The anatomical body composition in terms of muscle, organs, hide-backfat and bone was predicted from the chemical body composition and accretion using allometric relationships. Partitioning of protein, fat, water and ash in muscle, organs, hide-backfat and bone fractions were driven by the rates of muscle protein and body fat deposition. Model parameters were adjusted to obtain a good fit of the experimental data from literature. Differential equations were solved numerically for a given set of initial conditions and parameter values. In the present paper, the model is presented, including its parameterisation. The evaluation of the model is described in a companion paper.
An analytical furnace model for optimizing aluminum melting furnaces (2005)

An analytical furnace model, originally established by Essenhigh and Tsai, is developed and modified in this paper. The practical application of this modified model is to predict optimum furnace operating conditions, and has been verified by experimental tests conducted in the Experimental Research Furnace (ERF) at the Albany Research Center (ARC), U.S. Department of Energy. The development of the modified Essenhigh/Tsai model is based on melting and holding tests with two main assumptions: thermal conduction loss in aluminum melting process is the same as that in holding processes, and the heat loss through flue gases is lineally proportional to the melting rate. The former is reasonable because thermal conduction loss is small as compared with firing rate, while the latter is quite accurate as shown in the test results. Tests of aluminum melting were conducted in the ERF furnace where the combustion space volume was changed by varying the roof height. The relations between firing rate, heat absorption rate, melting rate, and energy efficiency were developed from the tests, and the optimum operating conditions under which maximum energy efficiency can be achieved were predicted. In addition, the effect of roof height on the energy efficiency was determined. This model couldmore » be a valuable tool in diagnostic analysis of day-to-day operations in aluminum melting.« less
Transmit Waveform Optimization for Spatial-Frequency Diversity MIMO Radar in the Presence of Clutter (2014)

Benefitting from the independent target echoes of diversity channels, diversity MIMO radar can efficiently improve system performance, such as target detection and parameter estimation. Due to the fact that the RCS (radar cross section) of complex target may vary with the different transmitted carrier frequencies and array geometries, many recent researches study at the background of diversity MIMO radar equipped with widely separated array antennas or working at multiple carrier frequencies, respectively. In this paper, a new MIMO radar system combining the spatial and frequency diversities is investigated in the presence of signal-dependent clutter, which is called spatial-frequency diversity MIMO radar. With the prior information of target and clutter, a new method for joint optimization of transmitted waveforms and receiving filters is proposed to enhance the target detection ability of spatial-frequency diversity MIMO radar. Inspired by the MIMO communication system, the water-filling algorithm is introduced into the transmitted energy allocation problem for each carrier frequency channel. Simulation results show that the proposed system has a better performance in output signal-to-clutter-noise ratio (SCNR) compared to conventional diversity MIMO radar system.
How to build a World Art: The Strategic Universalism of Colour Reproductions and the UNESCO Prize (1953-1968) (2021)

What role did UNESCO play in the art world of the post-war era? This article makes use of published and archival sources in order to clarify the utopia of a “World Art” that shaped UNESCO and led to the “Archives of Colour Reproductions of Works of Art”, a project of worldwide collect and diffusion of images of “masterworks” inspired by Malraux’s “Museum without walls”. This case study focuses on one particular aspect of the project, the “UNESCO Prize”, conceived by the Brazilian art critic and Marxist intellectual Mario Pedrosa for the 1953 São Paulo Biennial.
Rapid thermal low pressure (metallorganic) chemical vapor deposition of thin films onto InP (2002)

The application of the rapid thermal low pressure metalorganic chemical vapor deposition (RT-LPMOCVD) technique to the deposition of non-semiconductor thin-layer materials necessary for producing metal contacts to InP-based microelectronic devices is discussed. Both dielectric (SiO/sub 2/) and semimetal (TiN/sub x/) films were deposited. The two processes were realized in low pressures (5-30 torr), relatively low temperatures (350-550 degrees C), and short durations (1-200 s), exhibiting rapid growth kinetics and uniform deposited film morphology. The influence of the process parameters on the two film properties is described, and optimum deposition conditions are identified. Contacts that were prepared by RT-LPMOCVD of the TiN/sub x/ onto p-InGaAs layer using etched patterns in RT-LPCVD-SiO/sub 2/ layer are characterized as ohmic contacts.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>