gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Investigation into Alternative Sugars as Potential Carriers for Dry Powder Formulation of Budesonide (2011)

It may be concluded that mannitol could be suitable as a carrier on the basis of its pharmaceutical performance and successful achievement of FPF whereas the more hygroscopic sugars such as sorbitol or xylitol showed poor dispersibility leading to lower FPF.
BPSK homodyne and DPSK heterodyne receivers for free-space communication with ND:host lasers (1991)

An investigation of the most promising coherent receiver configurations for application in Nd:YAG laser based optical transmission links is presented. A BPSK homodyne receiver based on a Costas phase locked loop was realized for a data rate of 600 Mbit/s, using a commercially available diode pumped ring laser at 1064 nm. Furthermore, a DPSK heterodyne receiver with the same data rate using an intermediate frequency of 1.2 GHz was realized. Both have been tested successfully. An optical 90-deg hybrid, built of bulk optical components, was used for the investigation of the receivers. Design and performance of this bulk hybrid are described.
STUDENTS’ ACCEPTANCE OF USING A FLIPPED STEM CLASSROOM ENGINEERING-BASED MODULE (2021)

This study aims to identify the students’ acceptance of using a Flipped STEM classroom (FSC) Engineering-based module. The study sample consisted of 120 students from the seventh grade in a private school in Jordan. A questionnaire was employed in this study. The unified theory of acceptance and use of technology (UTAUT) was used in this study to determine the extent of students' acceptance of the FSC engineering-based module.  The results showed that the students’ acceptance to use the FSC engineering-based module was high. the results showed that students had more level of acceptance for performance expectancy and effort expectancy dimensions. The study recommends submitting the FSC engineering-based module for enhancing problem-solving skills for elementary school students in STEM subjects.
High-throughput nitrogen-vacancy center imaging for nanodiamond photophysical characterization and pH nanosensing (2020)

The fluorescent nitrogen-vacancy (NV) defect in diamond has remarkable photophysical properties, including high photostability which allows stable fluorescence emission for hours; as a result, there has been much interest in using nanodiamonds (NDs) for applications in quantum optics and biological imaging. Such applications have been limited by the heterogeneity of NDs and our limited understanding of NV photophysics in NDs, which is partially due to the lack of sensitive and high-throughput methods for photophysical analysis of NDs. Here, we report a systematic analysis of NDs using two-color wide-field epifluorescence imaging coupled to high-throughput single-particle detection of single NVs in NDs with sizes down to 5-10 nm. By using fluorescence intensity ratios, we observe directly the charge conversion of single NV center (NV- or NV0) and measure the lifetimes of different NV charge states in NDs. We also show that we can use changes in pH to control the main NV charge states in a direct and reversible fashion, a discovery that paves the way for performing pH nanosensing with a non-photobleachable probe.
Voz e fala de Parkinsonianos durante situações de amplificação, atraso e mascaramento (2009)

the masking situation presents better immediate effect in the voice and speech of individuals with Parkinson's disease while the amplification and delay situations do not produce satisfactory immediate modifications.
Geometrical waveguide in see-through head-mounted display: a review (2016)

Geometrical waveguide has obvious advantage over other see-through technologies to achieve high resolution, ultra-thin thickness, light weight and full-color display. The general principle of waveguide display is introduced and the key challenges involved with geometrical waveguide display and the way to conquer them is discussed. Ultra-thin geometrical waveguide for see-through HMDs with different properties is reviewed in this paper, including waveguide with partially-reflective mirrors array (PRMA), trapezoidal microstructures and triangular microstructures. Finally, a type of ultra-thin waveguide display which can be fabricated with the technology of injection molding is presented, and the thickness can be reduced to less than 2mm with an EPD of 12mm and a FOV of 36°.
Structure-measure: A New Way to Evaluate Foreground Maps (2017)

Foreground map evaluation is crucial for gauging the progress of object segmentation algorithms, in particular in the filed of salient object detection where the purpose is to accurately detect and segment the most salient object in a scene. Several widely-used measures such as Area Under the Curve (AUC), Average Precision (AP) and the recently proposed Fbw have been utilized to evaluate the similarity between a non-binary saliency map (SM) and a ground-truth (GT) map. These measures are based on pixel-wise errors and often ignore the structural similarities. Behavioral vision studies, however, have shown that the human visual system is highly sensitive to structures in scenes. Here, we propose a novel, efficient, and easy to calculate measure known an structural similarity measure (Structure-measure) to evaluate non-binary foreground maps. Our new measure simultaneously evaluates region-aware and object-aware structural similarity between a SM and a GT map. We demonstrate superiority of our measure over existing ones using 5 meta-measures on 5 benchmark datasets.
Optical SCM data extraction using a fiber loop mirror for WDM network systems (2002)

We demonstrate the use of a polarization independent dual-port filter to extract SCM data from a WDM baseband SCM channel using a fiber loop-mirror filter. Suppressed carrier detection eliminates dispersion induced fading in the SCM channel and enables data recovery using simple photodetection for multiple WDM channels.
Ceramic Matrix Composites for High Performance Friction Applications (2017)

Ceramic Matrix Composites (CMC) show due to their fiber reinforcement high strength, thermal shock resistance and damage tolerance, a low coefficient of thermal expansion (CTE) and a partially porous and micro-cracks containing matrix. Hence, C-fiber reinforced silicon carbide materials (C/SiC resp. C/C-SiC), manufactured by the LSI (Liquid Silicon Infiltration) process, are very suitable for friction applications, e.g. for brake discs and pads, because of their low wear rates and high coefficients of friction (COF). Fundamental studies and ongoing investigations are the basis for the introduction of fiber reinforced ceramic brake discs for passenger cars since more than 10 years. Today, C/SiC friction materials can be found in emergency brakes for elevators, conveying systems and passenger cars. With respect to the selected friction couple, the tribological performance remains on a high level over a large range of sliding speed and braking pressure. In order to develop C/SiC lifetime brakes for passenger cars, the corresponding brake pads have to be modified appropriately as well. Within a certain friction system, the C/SiC ceramic brake discs withstand a mileage up to 300,000 km, compared with about 70,000 km of grey cast iron rotors. The economic success of these innovative, damage tolerant ceramics depends on the further reduction of the fabrication costs, which are considerable higher, compared to the competing metallic materials. This article describes the technological steps in the development of ceramic friction materials and the current status. It gives an overview about the most important, forthcoming challenges in terms of the material’s development and processing.
Survey: vocabulary practice books (1991)

Survey: vocabulary practice books Get access John Flower and Michael Berman Language Teaching Publications 1989 96pp. each £3.25 each ISBN 0 906 71776 0 / 77 9 / 78 7A Way With Words (Book 1) Stuart Redman and Robert Ellis Cambridge University Press 1989 106pp. £3.75 ISBN 0 521 35917 1Wordbuilder Guy Wellman Heinemann International 1989 266pp. £6.50 ISBN 0 435 28556 4 Brian Tomlinson Brian Tomlinson currently working in Japan. He took up the post of the Head of the Languages Centre, South Devon College of Arts and Technology in January 1989. Before taking up the post, he was the English Language Teaching Adviser to the Ministry of Education and Culture in Indonesia. He has also worked as a teacher-trainer and curriculum developer in Nigeria, Zambia, and Vanuatu, and as Director of Studies at Bell College, Saffron Walden. He has written and co-authored numerous textbooks. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar ELT Journal, Volume 45, Issue 2, April 1991, Pages 169–173, https://doi.org/10.1093/elt/45.2.169 Published: 01 April 1991 Article history Received: 01 September 1990 Published: 01 April 1991
Development of TCRB CDR3 length repertoire of human T lymphocytes (2004)

The third complementarity-determining region (CDR3) of TCR interacts directly with antigenic peptides bound to grooves of MHC molecules. Thus, it is the most critical TCR structure in launching acquired immunity and in determining fates of developing thymocytes. Since length is one of the components defining the CDR3 heterogeneity, the CDR3 length repertoires have been studied in various T cell subsets from humans in physiological and pathological conditions. However, how the CDR3 length repertoire develops has been addressed only by a few reports, including one showing that CDR3 of CD4 thymocytes becomes shorter during thymic development. Here, we explored multiple regulations on the development of the TCRB CDR3 length repertoires in the thymus and the peripheral blood. CDR3 length spectratyping was employed to examine thymocyte and peripheral T cell populations for their CDR3 length repertoires. We have found that repertoire distribution patterns depend on use of the BV gene. The BV-dependent patterns were shaped during thymic selections and maintained in the peripheral blood. Differences in the mean CDR3 length among different BV subsets were seen throughout lymphocyte development. We also observed that CDR3 was shortened in both CD4 and CD8 thymocytes. Of note, the degrees of the shortening depended on the CD4/CD8 lineage and on use of the BV gene. When expansions of peripheral T cell clones are negligible, no obvious difference was seen between mature thymocytes and peripheral lymphocytes. Thus, the TCRB CDR3 length repertoires are finely tuned in the thymus before the lymphocytes emigrate into the peripheral blood.
Synergistic action of famotidine and chlorpheniramine on acetic acid-induced chronic gastric ulcer in rats (2005)

The synergistic action of FMD and CPA on acetic acid-induced chronic gastric ulcer in rats decreases the incidence of ulcer and also enhances the healing of ulcer.
Metal oxide EUV photoresist performance for N7 relevant patterns and processes (2016)

Inpria continues to leverage novel metal oxide materials to produce high resolution photoresists for EUV lithography with high optical density and etch resistance. Our resists have previously demonstrated 13nm line/space patterns at 35 mJ/cm<sup>2</sup>, with extendibility to 10nm half-pitch.<sup>1</sup> We have continued to improve photospeed and in this work we provide an update on imaging performance. Since practical patterns for EUV layers will be more complicated than line/space patterns, we also expand on our previous work by demonstrating 2D resist performance using N7 (7nm node) contact and block mask patterns on full field scanners. A resist model has been created and using this model comparisons are made between a metal oxide resist and CAR platforms. Based on this physical model, the impact of shot noise is examined in relation to realistic 2D features. Preliminary data on the effect on OPC of using a non-chemically amplified resist are also presented.
Separable roles of<i>UFO</i>during floral development revealed by conditional restoration of gene function (2003)

The UNUSUAL FLORAL ORGANS (UFO) gene is required for several aspects of floral development in Arabidopsis including specification of organ identity in the second and third whorls and the proper pattern of primordium initiation in the inner three whorls. UFO is expressed in a dynamic pattern during the early phases of flower development. Here we dissect the role of UFO by ubiquitously expressing it in ufo loss-of-function flowers at different developmental stages and for various durations using an ethanol-inducible expression system. The previously known functions of UFO could be separated and related to its expression at specific stages of development. We show that a 24- to 48-hour period of UFO expression from floral stage 2, before any floral organs are visible, is sufficient to restore normal petal and stamen development. The earliest requirement for UFO is during stage 2, when the endogenous UFO gene is transiently expressed in the centre of the wild-type flower and is required to specify the initiation patterns of petal, stamen and carpel primordia. Petal and stamen identity is determined during stages 2 or 3, when UFO is normally expressed in the presumptive second and third whorl. Although endogenous UFO expression is absent from the stamen whorl from stage 4 onwards, stamen identity can be restored by UFO activation up to stage 6. We also observed floral phenotypes not observed in loss-of-function or constitutive gain-of-function backgrounds, revealing additional roles of UFO in outgrowth of petal primordia.
Intrabodies Binding the Proline-Rich Domains of Mutant Huntingtin Increase Its Turnover and Reduce Neurotoxicity (2008)

Although expanded polyglutamine (polyQ) repeats are inherently toxic, causing at least nine neurodegenerative diseases, the protein context determines which neurons are affected. The polyQ expansion that causes Huntington's disease (HD) is in the first exon (HDx-1) of huntingtin (Htt). However, other parts of the protein, including the 17 N-terminal amino acids and two proline (polyP) repeat domains, regulate the toxicity of mutant Htt. The role of the P-rich domain that is flanked by the polyP domains has not been explored. Using highly specific intracellular antibodies (intrabodies), we tested various epitopes for their roles in HDx-1 toxicity, aggregation, localization, and turnover. Three domains in the P-rich region (PRR) of HDx-1 are defined by intrabodies: MW7 binds the two polyP domains, and Happ1 and Happ3, two new intrabodies, bind the unique, P-rich epitope located between the two polyP epitopes. We find that the PRR-binding intrabodies, as well as V(L)12.3, which binds the N-terminal 17 aa, decrease the toxicity and aggregation of HDx-1, but they do so by different mechanisms. The PRR-binding intrabodies have no effect on Htt localization, but they cause a significant increase in the turnover rate of mutant Htt, which V(L)12.3 does not change. In contrast, expression of V(L)12.3 increases nuclear Htt. We propose that the PRR of mutant Htt regulates its stability, and that compromising this pathogenic epitope by intrabody binding represents a novel therapeutic strategy for treating HD. We also note that intrabody binding represents a powerful tool for determining the function of protein epitopes in living cells.
The optimal visualization of brachial plexus with utilization of nerve-sheath signal increased with inked rest-tissue rapid acquisition of relaxation imaging MR neurography and initial dignostic application (2017)

Objective
To assess the optimal visiualization capacity of brachial plexus with three-dimensional nerve-sheath signal increased with inked rest-tissue rapid acquisition of relaxation imaging (3D SHINKEI), exploring the feasibility of preliminary diagnostic value on brachial plexus diseases.


Methods
MRI scans were performed on 24 healthy volunteers with no history of brachial plexus injury, and 46 patients whose outcomes of lesions had been verified as post-ganglionic brachial plexus injuries by surgery or clinical follows-up . The scan series consist 3D SHINKEI, STIR in the coronal plane as well as DW-MRN in the axial plane using a 3.0 T MR system. The source and post-processed images of 3D SHINKEI and DW-MRN were scored according to the optimal visibility on brachial plexus, in the meanwhile, contrast-to-noise ratio of the original images in the 3D SHINKEI and STIR sequences were calculated separately. Two radiologists blindly compared the detection rate of positive brachial plexus injuries between 3D SHINKEI and STIR in 46 patients. And then analyze the outcomes by means of Kappa test, Mann-Whitney test , independent sample t test, and Chi-square test.


Results
Post-ganglionic brachial plexus showed high intensity in the 3D SHINKEI sequence. In the 24 healthy volunteers, the scores by the two radiologists were 3.6 ± 0.6, 3.5 ± 0.6, 3.0 ± 0.2, 2.9 ± 0.1, respectively. There was statistical difference between the two sequences (Z=2.667,P=0.008,P<0.05). And the Kappa was 0.8 and 0.6 with favorable consistency. The CNR of 3D SHINKEI and STIR were 0.61±0.07, 0.42±0.03 (t=12.78, P=0.001, P<0.05). The positive detection rates of post-ganglionic brachial plexus injuries on 3D SKINKEI and STIR were, 78.3%, 52.2% (χ2=9.421, P<0.05).


Conclusions
3D SHINKEI sequence demonstrates robust visibility consistently and can clearly display the structures and signals of post-ganglionic abnormality, compared with DW-MRN and STIR. This technique can be helpful to provide more complementary information to further confirm the diagnosis of brachial plexus injuries.


Key words: 
Brachial plexus neuropathies; Magnetic resonance imaging
THREE-DIMENSIONAL GRAPHENE-BASED HYDROGEL/AEROGEL MATERIALS (2014)

Graphene-based hydrogels/aerogels (GHA) have attracted widespread attention due to its excellent mechanical strength, electrical conductivity, thermal stability and adsorption capa- bility. In this article, some research achievements are reviewed on preparation strategies, forma- tion mechanisms and potential applications of GHA. Except for the normal method of self-as- sembly, some new technologies for fabricating GHA framework were summarized including chemical reduction self-assembly, polymerization, adding cross-linking agents and so on. Mean- while, we concluded the applications in various fields, such as environmental protection, bio- medicine and energy sources. Finally, a perspective in the future challenge about fabricating GHA is also given.
Immunization of mice against African trypanosomiasis using anti-idiotypic antibodies. (1982)

Anti-idiotypic (anti-Id) antibodies were raised against three protective monoclonal antibodies, each with specificity for the variable antigen type (VAT) of a clone of Trypanosoma rhodesiense. The IgG1 fractions of each were pooled and administered to BALB/c mice 3-4 wk before homologous challenge. The course of primary parasitemia was altered in 19 of 30 anti-Id-treated animals. The immunity was manifested as either: (a) complete protection, (b) reduced parasitemia, or (c) selection against parasites bearing the original VAT. The three idiotypes (Id) were found in variable levels in serum during the course of infection in control animals. However, in all anti-Id-treated mice that displayed immunity, one Id in particular (7H11) was detectable much earlier in infection and in higher levels than in control mice or anti-Id-treated, nonimmune mice. Six of nine mice treated with the anti-7H11 Id alone also displayed immunity, manifested in this case exclusively as selection against parasites bearing the original VAT. The effect was again associated with the more rapid appearance of the Id after infection. Specificity of the anti-Id-induced immunity was supported by the failure of anti-7H11 Id treatment to alter the course of infection with a heterologous clone of T. rhodesiense. To our knowledge, this is the first report of the antigen-independent induction of antimicrobial immunity using anti-Id antibodies.
<i>In Vitro</i> Accessibility of Untreated, Toasted, and Extruded Soybean Meals for Proteases and Carbohydrases (1997)

The in vitro accessibility of the water unextractable solids (WUS) from untreated, toasted, and extruded soybean meals toward different enzyme activities was studied. WUS was incubated with seven commercial enzyme preparations. Two enzyme preparations were selected for further research. Upon addition of Neutrase, the extruded sample yielded considerably more solubilized protein compared with the toasted and untreated soybean meals. Energex solubilized high amounts of neutral sugars after heat treatments compared with the untreated meal. Cell wall polysaccharides solubilized by the enzymes were released as small oligosaccharides and monosaccharides. SDS−PAGE analysis showed that after enzyme addition to the extruded sample, proteins were more rapidly and completely degraded compared with enzyme addition to the toasted and untreated soybean meals. Neutrase degraded both β-conglycinin and glycinin. Energex could only, partly, degrade β-conglycinin. The basic polypeptide from glycinin showed the highest resistance against proteolytic activity. Keywords: Soybean meal; toasting; extrusion; enzymes; protein; cell wall components
Epidemiology of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) (2001)

Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) is one of the leading causes of morbidity and mortality in the industrialized and the developing countries. During 1997, COPD has been estimated to be the number four cause of death after cardiovascular diseases, tumors and cerebrovascular diseases in the United States. In 2020 COPD will probably become the third leading cause of death all over the world, following the trend of increasing prevalence of lung cancer. The impact of this respiratory disease worldwide is expected to increase with a heavy economic burden on individuals and society. In the United States direct and indirect costs of COPD were estimated at about USD24 billion in 1993. Unfortunately, there are few data on health-care utilization despite the great interest in COPD among researchers. As all chronic diseases, the prevalence of COPD is strongly associated with age. Data collected in a general population sample (living in Italy) showed a progressive increase of the prevalence of chronic bronchitis and emphysema with age, both in males and in females. COPD is determined by the action of a number of various risk factors either singly or interacting among themselves in a synergistic way. Among these, the most important is cigarette smoking, ranking at the first level for developing chronic bronchitis and emphysema. Also air pollution and some occupational exposures represent risks for developing COPD. Many epidemiological studies have indicated an association between the prevalence of chronic bronchitis and a low socioeconomic status. Furthermore, in the etiology of COPD we must consider endogenous risk factors such as gender, genetic features, presence of respiratory troubles in childhood, and family history. To date, epidemiologic studies have been of great importance for the characterization of the disease at a population level, indicating possible causes and assessing its impact on the individual and on society as a whole. Unfortunately, international standards for the diagnosis of COPD are lacking, which complicates the organization of appropriate epidemiological surveys.