gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Modelling for Scanning Impedance Imaging (2005)

Scanning electrical impedance imaging (SII) is a previously-introduced high resolution imaging modality with the potential of imaging the electrical activities of biological tissues. In this paper, a detailed complex electrostatic model is derived to describe the physical phenomena of the SII system. This model reveals the relationship between the voltage measurement and impedance distribution and also shows how system parameters such as height affect the resolution of the impedance image. A numerical solution is developed for this model based on the finite difference method (FDM). A variation of classical FDM is used to solve the complicated boundary conditions introduced by the combination of the electrostatic field and the peripheral circuit. Good correspondence can be observed when comparing the model simulation with experimental data acquired during a line-scan. It can be seen that the model provides a good explanation for the experimental results and can assist in the design of the special dual-conductor impedance probe used in the SII system. A two-source improvement for the SII system which is motivated by the modelling work is implemented and the corresponding physical analysis is obtained. It can help the reduction of the current contribution from the shield to the tip so that higher resolution can be achieved.
Testbed Doppler wind lidar and intercomparison facility at NASA Langley Research Center (2005)

State of the art 2-micron lasers and other lidar components under development by NASA are being demonstrated and validated in a mobile test bed Doppler wind lidar. A lidar intercomparison facility has been developed to ensure parallel alignment of up to 4 Doppler lidar systems while measuring wind. Investigations of the new components; their operation in a complete system; systematic and random errors; the hybrid (joint coherent and direct detection) approach to global wind measurement; and atmospheric wind behavior are planned. Future uses of the VALIDAR (VALIDation LIDAR) mobile lidar may include comparison with the data from an airborne Doppler wind lidar in preparation for validation by the airborne system of an earth orbiting Doppler wind lidar sensor.
TNT Purification Studies. Task I. Comparative Cost Study of Purification Methods (1980)

Abstract : This project was initiated to provide cost data for three most promising methods of purifying TNT. The methods considered include nitric acid crystallization (followed by isomer separation via the Brodie Process), magnesium sulfite (followed by recovery of MgO for recycle) and Sellite (followed by chemical recovery via the Sonoco Process.)
A Pareto-Optimal Approach to Multimaterial Topology Optimization (2015)

As additive manufacturing (AM) expands into multimaterial, there is a demand for efficient multimaterial topology optimization (MMTO), where one must simultaneously optimize the topology and the distribution of various materials within the topology. The classic approach to multimaterial optimization is to minimize compliance or stress while imposing two sets of constraints: (1) a total volume constraint and (2) individual volume-fraction constraint on each of the material constituents. The latter can artificially restrict the design space. Instead, the total mass and compliance are treated as conflicting objectives, and the corresponding Pareto curve is traced; no additional constraint is imposed on the material composition. To trace the Pareto curve, first-order element sensitivity fields are computed, and a two-step algorithm is proposed. The effectiveness of the algorithm is demonstrated through illustrative examples in 3D.
Identification of Human Monoclonal Antibodies Specific for Human SOD1 Recognizing Distinct Epitopes and Forms of SOD1 (2013)

Mutations in the gene encoding human SOD1 (hSOD1) can cause amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) yet the mechanism by which mutant SOD1 can induce ALS is not fully understood. There is currently no cure for ALS or treatment that significantly reduces symptoms or progression. To develop tools to understand the protein conformations present in mutant SOD1-induced ALS and as possible immunotherapy, we isolated and characterized eleven unique human monoclonal antibodies specific for hSOD1. Among these, five recognized distinct linear epitopes on hSOD1 that were not available in the properly-folded protein but were available on forms of protein with some degree of misfolding. The other six antibodies recognized conformation-dependent epitopes that were present in the properly-folded protein with two different recognition profiles: three could bind hSOD1 dimer or monomer and the other three were specific for hSOD1 dimer only. Antibodies with the capacity to bind hSOD1 monomer were able to prevent increased hydrophobicity when mutant hSOD1 was exposed to increased temperature and EDTA, suggesting that the antibodies stabilized the native structure of hSOD1. Two antibodies were tested in a G93A mutant hSOD1 transgenic mouse model of ALS but did not yield a statistically significant increase in overall survival. It may be that the two antibodies selected for testing in the mouse model were not effective for therapy or that the model and/or route of administration were not optimal to produce a therapeutic effect. Therefore, additional testing will be required to determine therapeutic potential for SOD1 mutant ALS and potentially some subset of sporadic ALS.
Lead carbonate, a new fast, heavy scintillator (1990)

The authors describe the scintillation properties of lead carbonate (PbCO/sub 3/), a newly discovered, heavy (6.6 g/cm/sup 3/), inorganic scintillator. Its fluorescence decay lifetime, measured with the delayed coincidence method, is described by a sum of three exponentials. The emission spectrum peak is centered at a wavelength of 475 nm and drops to less than 10% of its peak value at 370 nm and 580 nm. The authors were unable to obtain an optical quality crystal of pure PbCO/sub 3/, but when a 3 mm cube of a cerussite (a naturally occurring mineral form of PbCO/sub 3/) is excited with 511 keV photons, a photopeak with a 42% full width at half maximum is observed at approximately 9% the light output of a bismuth germanate (BGO) crystal with similar geometry. The light output increases rapidly with decreasing temperature, plateauing at twice the light output of BGO at approximately -40 degrees C. The short fluorescence lifetime, high density, and reasonable light output of this new scintillator suggest that it would be useful for applications where high counting rates, good stopping power, and nanosecond timing are important, such as medical imaging and nuclear science.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
X-ray Detector Development at the Swiss Light Source (2014)

The SLS detectors group has a longstanding history in the development of hybrid X-ray detectors for synchrotrons [1 B. Schmitt, Nucl. Instr. Meth. Phys. Res. A 518, 436 (2004).[Crossref], [Web of Science ®] , [Google Scholar]]. Hybrid detectors consist of a sensor (usually silicon) absorbing the photons and front-end electronics transforming the charge into a measurable signal. The two parts are distinct and can therefore be optimized separately, depending on the application. The group has the know-how to design sensors and Read-Out Chips (ROC) in-house, assemble the detectors with a high yield for a large number of channels (both wire- and bump-bonding), and develop data acquisition systems and software. The detectors must provide high-quality data and be reliable for the daily user operation at the beamlines. They are normally developed to target specific applications, and particular effort is put into the integration of the systems at the beamlines and on their reliability. The detector group works in close connection with the beamline scientists of the SLS as early as the development phase and then later to train them in operating the detectors in an optimized way and in supporting the final users.
Increasing the Néel temperature of magnetoelectric chromia for voltage-controlled spintronics (2014)

Boron doped chromia (Cr2O3) thin films with substitutional doping levels between zero and 3% are grown using pulsed laser deposition in borane background gases. Magnetometry reveals a tunable increase in the Néel temperature of the (0001) textured Cr2BxO3−x thin films at a rate of about 10% with 1% oxygen site substitution preserving a net boundary magnetization. Spin resolved inverse photoemission measured after magnetoelectric annealing in subsequently reversed electric fields evidences voltage-controlled reversal of boundary magnetization and thus magnetoelectricity of Cr2BxO3−x. Conservation of magnetoelectricity far above room temperature makes ultra-low power voltage-controlled spintronic devices feasible.
Precoding of Space-Time Block Codes in Multiuser MIMO Channels with Outdated Channel State Information (2007)

Motivated by the fact that combining space-time block codes with channel precoding can make the system robust against channel fading while achieving both coding and diversity gains, we propose a joint set of linear precoder designs for uplink multiuser space-time block coded multiple-input multiple-output systems with multipacket reception by exploiting outdated channel state information. In particular, we formulate the design as an optimization problem of minimizing pairwise error probability subject to transmit power constraint for each user. Due to non-convex nature of the optimization problem, we devise an iterative algorithm to solve for linear precoding structure for general space-time block code. For orthogonal space-time block code, we also propose a simplified distributed algorithm to solve for a closed-form solution. Asymptotic analysis of the effect of channel quality on the precoder structure is also presented. Simulation results are provided to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed designs for orthogonal and quasi-orthogonal space-time block codes over the conventional beamforming system.
Detection and control of deposition on pendant tubes of Kraft chemical recovery boilers. Quarterly report for the period July-September 1999 (1999)

Activities during this period continued to focus on obtaining a clear image of deposits inside an operating recovery boiler.
Chemically modified carbon paste electrode for chronoamperometric studies. Reduction of oxygen by tetrakis(.mu.-2-anilinopyridinato)dirhodium(II,III) chloride (1989)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTChemically modified carbon paste electrode for chronoamperometric studies. Reduction of oxygen by tetrakis(.mu.-2-anilinopyridinato)dirhodium(II,III) chlorideChao Liang. Yao, Kwang Ha. Park, and John L. BearCite this: Anal. Chem. 1989, 61, 3, 279–282Publication Date (Print):February 1, 1989Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 February 1989https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ac00178a019https://doi.org/10.1021/ac00178a019research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views131Altmetric-Citations8LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
<title>Phase-transparency model of an eye optical system</title> (1997)

Measurement of refraction distribution in the human eye opens new opportunities to make photorefractive surgery more accurate due to accounting imperfections not only of the cornea, but of the eye as an optical system. To calculate the to-be-ablated cornea layers, mathematical relations must be found between measured coordinates of retina ray tracings and transfer function of an eye. A new concept for modeling eye optical system is proposed using four phase transparencies, each of them exercising its own function: accommodation (equivalent to varifocal system), image focusing on the retina (optical system with constant optical power), regular aberrations (spherical and chromatic, astigmatism), and irregular phase distribution. It is shown, how the parameters, necessary for phase transparencies description, can be derived from direct and indirect measurements. Results of modeling experiment with simplified set of test points showed good sight correction. Investigated methodology proved to be fruitful even with limited number of test points and restricted length of polynomial approximation. In our refraction mapping system, transfer function reconstruction will use initial information from 65 points.
SSZ-45: A High-Silica Zeolite with Small Pore Openings, Large Cavities, and Unusual Adsorption Properties (2014)

Separations of small molecules such as CO2 and N2 or CH4 and CO2 are key to many industrial processes, but it is not always easy to find a molecular sieve that can discriminate between these molecules and withstand the harsh conditions often required. The high-silica zeolite SSZ-45, which was synthesized using N-cyclopentyldiazabicyclooctane as the structure directing agent (SDA), was found to exhibit excellent thermal stability and rather unusual adsorption properties under pressure. That is, it has potential in the area of small molecule separations. Of particular interest, therefore, was the structural basis for its peculiar adsorption behavior. The relatively complex silicate framework structure of SSZ-45 was determined from a combination of synchrotron powder diffraction and rotation electron diffraction data. Once the framework was known, it was possible to locate the organic SDA in the cavities and to better understand its contribution to the formation of the zeolite. Here we describe the synthesis of SSZ-45, the analysis of its structure, and the subsequent investigation of its small molecule separation properties.
ZCNET: Achieving High Capacity in Low Power Wide Area Networks (2020)

In this paper, a novel LPWAN technology, ZCNET, is proposed, which achieves over 40 times the network capacity of LoRa using similar or less resource under the most challenging channel conditions. The capacity boost of ZCNET is mainly due to two reasons. First, a ZCNET node transmits signals that occupy a small fraction of the signal space, resulting in a low collision probability. Second, ZCNET supports 8 parallel root channels within a single frequency channel by using 8 Zadoff-Chu (ZC) root sequences. The root channels do not severely interfere with each other, mainly because the interference power is spread evenly over the entire signal space. A simple ALOHA-style protocol is used for medium access, with which a node randomly chooses the root channel and the range it occupies within the root channel, while still achieving high packet receiving ratios such as 0.9 or above. ZCNET has been extensively tested with both real-world experiments on the USRP and simulations. ZCNET will likely better accommodate the explosive growth of IoT network sizes and meet the demand of IoT applications.
ChemInform Abstract: A Highly Selective Method for the Synthesis of E‐α‐Methyl‐α,β‐Unsaturated Aldehydes. (1989)

Abstract The aldehydes (I) are coupled with the lithiated enamines (II) to give the unsaturated imines (III).
Oblivious Transfer with Access Control. (2009)

We present a protocol for anonymous access to a database where the different records have different access control permissions. These permissions could be attributes, roles, or rights that the user needs to have in order to access the record. Our protocol offers maximal security guarantees for both the database and the user, namely (1) only authorized users can access the record; (2) the database provider does not learn which record the user accesses; and (3) the database provider does not learn which attributes or roles the user has when she accesses the database. We prove our protocol secure in the standard model (i.e., without random oracles) under the bilinear Diffie-Hellman exponent and the strong Diffie-Hellman assumptions.
Regulation of Neuroendocrine Differentiation in Gastrointestinal Carcinoid Tumor Cells by Notch Signaling (2005)

The Notch signaling pathway is a significant regulator of neuroendocrine differentiation and serotonin production in GI carcinoid tumors.
Poloxamer P85 increases anticancer activity of Schiff base against prostate cancer in vitro and in vivo (2017)

Prostate cancer is the second most common cancer among men and the leading cause of death after lung cancer. Development of hormone-refractory disease is a crucial step for prostate cancer progression for which an effective treatment option is currently unavailable. Therefore, there is a need for new agents that can efficiently target cancer cells, decrease tumor growth, and thereby extend the survival of patients in late-stage castration-resistant prostate cancer. In the current study, a novel heterodinuclear copper(II)Mn(II) Schiff base complex combined with P85 was used to evaluate anticancer activity against prostate cancer in vitro and in vivo. Cell proliferation and cytotoxicity were evaluated by cell viability, gene, and protein expression assays in vitro. Results showed that the heterodinuclear copper(II)Mn(II) complex-P85 combination decreased cell proliferation by upregulating the apoptotic gene expressions and blocking the cell proliferation-related pathways. Tramp-C1-injected C57/B16 mice were used to mimic a prostate cancer model. Treatment combination of Schiff base complex and P85 significantly enhanced the cellular uptake of chemicals (by blocking the drug transporters and increased life time), suppressed tumor growth, and decreased tumor volume steadily over the course of the experiments. Overall, heterodinuclear copper(II)Mn(II) complex-P85 showed remarkable anticancer activity against prostate cancer in in vitro and in vivo.
Minimizing the Arrayed Waveguide Grating Cost and the Optical Cable Cost in Deploying WDM Passive Optical Networks (2009)

We investigate the issue of minimizing the cost of optical cables and arrayed waveguide gratings (AWGs) in deploying optical distribution networks using WDM passive optical networks (PONs). Generally, when deploying WDM PONs with cascaded AWGs, increasing the number of stages of cascaded AWGs decreases the optical fiber costs, but increases the AWG cost. A proper cascaded AWG structure and proper connections between AWGs and optical network units are needed to minimize the total cost of AWGs and optical cables. We decompose the network planning problem into two subproblems. One is to decide the positions of AWGs and placement of optical cables to minimize the cost of optical cables. The other one is to determine the cascaded AWG structure to minimize the total cost of AWGs and optical cables. In particular, we propose a recursive partition–combination-based algorithm to achieve the optimal trade-off between the AWG cost and the optical cable cost.
Application of a Bilayer TiO<sub>2</sub> Nanofiber Photoanode for Optimization of Dye‐Sensitized Solar Cells (2011)

The power conversion efficiency of dye-sensitized solar cells can be increased above 8% by using a one-dimensional bilayer nanofiber photoanode. The smaller-diameter nanofiber layer with a large surface for adsorbed sensitized dyes efficiently harvests sunlight and transports photogenerated electrons, while the bigger-diameter nanofiber layer reflects and traps sunlight in the photoanode. Both nanofiber layers can be fabricated readily by electrospinning.
Antihyperglycemic Sesquiterpenes from<i>Psacalium</i><i>d</i><i>ecompositum</i> (1999)

Psacalium decompositum was investigated for antihyperglycemic compounds using diabetic ob/ob mice as a model for type 2 diabetes. In vivo bioassay-guided fractionation of an aqueous extract from the roots of P. decompositum led to the isolation of two new eremophilanolides, 3-hydroxycacalolide (1a) and epi-3-hydroxycacalolide (1b). A 1:1 mixture of 1a/1b exhibited antihyperglycemic activity when tested at 1.09 mmol/kg in ob/ob mice. The known furanoeremophilanes, cacalone (2a) and epicacalone (2b), were also isolated from the aqueous extract and were inactive. The known furanoeremophilane, cacalol (3), was isolated from a CH2Cl2 extract of P. decompositum roots and possessed antihyperglycemic activity. The relative stereochemistry in 1a and 1b was assigned 3R,5S and 3S,5S, respectively, based on ROESY data, 3J H-H values, and molecular mechanics calculations. Complete 13C and 1H NMR chemical shifts were assigned for 1a, 1b, 2a, 2b, and 3, and several revisions in 13C NMR assignments for 2a and 3 were made. Results from the conformational analysis of 1a, 1b, 2a, and 2b indicate that each compound exists in one major conformation in solution with H3-12 in a pseudoaxial position.
Transient Suppression Packaging for Reduced Emissions from Rotary Kiln Incinerators (1992)

Abstract Experiments were performed on a 73 kW rotary kiln incinerator simulator to determine whether innovative waste packaging designs might reduce transient emissions of products of incomplete combustion due to batch charging of containerized liquid surrogate waste compounds bound on ground corncob sorbent. When containers of waste are batch charged into rotary kilns, the rupture of the container is often followed by a very rapid evolution of any volatile compounds contained therein. This flash vaporization/ pyrolysis can result in local depletion of available oxygen, as supplied from the primary burner. This can lead to a transient puff of partially combusted organic material that can pass through the primary combustion chamber, and possibly even through the secondary combustion chamber and/or downstream pollution control equipment. This phenomenon frequently leads to feed rate limitations based on the volatility or heat of combustion of organic liquids inside the containers. EPA's Air and Energy Engineering Research Laboratory has developed a prototype container system designed to partition the waste/sorbenl mixture within the containers that are fed into the rotary kiln. By compartmentalizing the waste, the release of volatile compounds is delayed over a longer period of time than when charging single-chambered containers. Thus, the local depletion of oxygen occurs to a lesser degree, resulting in an overall smaller transient puff. This hypothesis is supported by both experimental results and predictions from a kiln waste release model. Time-integrated measurements of carbon monoxide, total hydrocarbons, and soot have been combined into a single dimensionless indicator of puff magnitude, the Unsatisfied Oxygen Demand (UOD). Initial experiments have determined that it may be possible to dramatically reduce the magnitude (UOD) of transient puffs from batch charging of containerized liquids into rotary kilns by utilizing multi-chambered containers to retard volatilization of liquids from the ruptured container. This concept has potential application as a means to reduce transient emissions from rotary kiln incinerators and industrial furnaces. It also provides a potential means to increase the feed rate of containerized volatile waste compounds without severely depleting available oxygen.