gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Pyrohydrolysis Reactions of UF<sub>4</sub>and UO<sub>2</sub>F<sub>2</sub> (1983)

This study was made for clarification of the pyrohydrolysis behaviors of UF4 and UO2F2. The progress of the reaction was measured by titrating the amount of produced hydrogen fluoride. When nitrogen was used as carrier gas of water, the pyrohydrolysis of UF4 proceeded at the temperatures of 350–400°C, and UO2+x (x≲0.3) was formed; the value of x decreased with the decrease of oxygen dissolved in the water. In the case of oxygen carrier gas, the pyrohydrolysis of UF4 formed U3O8-UO2F2 mixture as the reaction product in the above temperature region and the reaction was markedly retarded in the course because of lower rate in the pyrohydrolysis of UO2F2. The pyrohydrolysis of UO2F2 proceeded at a little [higher temperature of 450–500°C in both cases of nitrogen and oxygen carrier gas and α-UO3 was formed.
Acoustic plate-wave biosensing (2003)

The biosensing potential of a flexural plate-wave delay-line oscillator is described. Experimental results confirm theoretical predictions that the sensor can operate in contact with a liquid and still detect small changes in membrane mass. A response to adsorbed proteins is observed as a prelude to the detection of specific biomolecular reactions and implies that the sensor can be used to monitor specific biomolecular reactions. The delay-line oscillator also provides a tool for monitoring adsorption of molecules at each step of a covalent immobilization process in real time. >
High‐rate sputtering of aluminum for metallization of integrated circuits (1977)

Films of pure aluminum and alloys were deposited using planar magnetron sources in a load‐locked system with linear substrate motion. The influence on aluminum film properties due to the effects of sputtering gas pressure, source‐to‐substrate distance, deposition angle, substrate temperature, background gas level, and substrate‐temperature rise during deposition was studied for silicon wafers and other substrates. Substrate‐temperature rise during deposition was found to be a limiting factor in obtaining smooth, highly reflecting films. Ways to circumvent this limit will be discussed. They are the use of side shields to eliminate low‐angle deposition, reducing the nitrogen partial pressure, increasing the sputtering pressure, and deposition of the film in two or more passes over a source. High‐rate sputtering deposition and its effects on film and device properties are discussed. Radiation damage, which was minimal, was removed by annealing in forming gas at 425°C for 5 min. Step coverage of films deposited at ambient and at 300°C substrate temperature is also discussed.
Investigation of partial query proximity in web search (2008)

Proximity of query terms in a document is an important criterion in IR. However, no investigation has been made to determine the most useful term sequences for which proximity should be considered. In this study, we test the effectiveness of using proximity of partial term sequences (n-grams) for Web search. We observe that the proximity of sequences of 3 to 5 terms is most effective for long queries, while shorter or longer sequences appear less useful. This suggests that combinations of 3 to 5 terms can best capture the intention in user queries. In addition, we also experiment with weighing the importance of query sub-sequences using query log frequencies. Our preliminary tests show promising empirical results.
Nonviral Reprogramming Genes Accelerate Formation of Neurons from Murine Embryonic Brain Cells: Synergistic Effect of Brain Derived Neurotrophic Factor Gene Therapy (2016)

Introduction: The lesser quantity products of reprogrammed stem cells and slower differentiation of stem cells into neurons have limited the advance of cell therapy in clinical applications. Neurotrophic factors BDNF, GDNF, FGF, and IGF are critical factors for further differentiation and proliferation of neuronal cells. However, the influence of the reprogramming genes on the neurotrophic factors is unclear.
Methods: Murine primary embryonic brain cells were transfected with cDNA constructs combining non-viral reprogramming genes and with/without complete length cDNA constructs of these neurotrophic factors. Reprogrammed iPSCs and progressive differentiated neural cells and controls were observed using methods of imaging and quantities.
Results: Our results suggested: 1) During time-courses from the transformation of iPSCs into progressively staged neuron cells, the non-viral reprogramming genes have been significantly accelerated formations of progenitor cells, neuron cells, and neuron network, respectively. 2) The non-viral reprogramming genes directly increased gene expressions of BDNF, GDNF, FGF and IGF at RNA levels. 3) cDNA BDNF plus reprogramming genes showed a robust induction of the immature neuronal marker doublecortin at the protein level.
Conclusion: This study presents a high-efficiency approach for producing non-viral reprogrammed stem cells and auxiliary differentiated neuronal cells, which would potentially apply in the future clinical applications.
Optimum Operating Parameters for a Rotary Drum Shaker for Harvesting Jatropha curcas L. (2012)

The objective of this study was to determine the optimum amplitude and frequency of operation for the rotary shaker drum of an experimental canopy shaker used for harvesting Jatropha curcas L. A constrained optimization technique that required the removal of yellow and brown fruits to be as high as possible and the removal of green fruits to be as low as possible was used to determine the optimum operating parameters. The optimum operating condition that retained 90% of the green fruits on the plant was found to be an amplitude of 7.2 cm (2.9 in.) and a frequency of 2.4 Hz. The removal efficiencies for yellow and brown fruits were found to be 75.8% and 80.2%, respectively, for this operating condition. When the objective function of the optimization procedure was changed to limit the amount of green fruits harvested to be no more than 10% of the total fruits harvested to ensure oil quality, the optimum operating parameters were found to be an amplitude of 8.0 cm (3.2 in.) and a frequency of 3.2 Hz for the shaker drum. The removal efficiencies for the yellow and brown fruits for this operating condition were 83% and 89%, respectively. An evaluation of plant damage revealed that no serious damage occurred to Jatropha curcas L. plants when the vibratory shaker drum was operated even under aggressive harvesting conditions that involved an amplitude of 7.6 cm and a frequency of 5.0 Hz.
Recognition of collagen by fibroblasts through cell surface glycoproteins reactive with <i>Phaseolus vulgaris</i> agglutinin (1992)

The role of glycochains of cell surface glycoproteins in the cell to collagen interaction was examined by studying the effect of lectins on the fibroblast-mediated collagen gel contraction. Lectins of Phaseolus vulgaris agglutinin (PHA), concanavalin A (ConA), lentil seed agglutinin (LCA), pea agglutinin (PSA), Ricinus communis agglutinin-60 (RCA), and wheat germ agglutinin (WGA) dose-dependently inhibited gel contraction, while lectins of mushroom agglutinin (ABA), peanut agglutinin (PNA), pokeweed mitogen (PWM), and soybean agglutinin (SBA) did not. Of these lectins, PHA seemed to be worthy of further analysis, because PHA, but not other lectins, inhibited spreading of fibroblasts on collagen fibrils but not on plastic or gelatin, suggesting that cell-surface glycoproteins responsive to the lectin are involved in the specific binding of fibroblasts to native collagen fibrils. The inhibitory effect of PHA-E4, an isolectin of PHA, was more intense than that of PHA-L4, another isolectin of PHA. The collagen gel contraction was also inhibited by tunicamycin and monensin in a concentration-dependent and reversible manner. These results strongly suggest that PHA-E4-reactive glycoproteins of the fibroblast surface play an important role in cell to collagen binding during the gel contraction. Five membrane proteins including beta 1 subunits of the integrin family were obtained by affinity chromatography with PHA-E4.
An Experiment on Length Perception with a Virtual Rolling Stone (2006)

The authors investigated the effect of acclimatization to high altitude on cerebral blood flow and oxidative metabolism at rest and during exercise. Nine healthy, native sea-level residents were studied 3 weeks after arrival at Chacaltaya, Bolivia (5,260 m) and after reacclimatization to sea level. Global cerebral blood flow at rest and during exercise on a bicycle ergometer was measured by the Kety-Schmidt technique. Cerebral metabolic rates of oxygen, glucose, and lactate were calculated by the Fick principle. Cerebral function was assessed by a computer-based measurement of reaction time. At high altitude at rest, arterial carbon dioxide tension, oxygen saturation, and oxygen tension were significantly reduced, and arterial oxygen content was increased because of an increase in hemoglobin concentration. Global cerebral blood flow was similar in the four conditions. Cerebral oxygen delivery and cerebral metabolic rates of oxygen and glucose also remained unchanged, whereas cerebral metabolic rates of lactate increased slightly but nonsignificantly at high altitude during exercise compared with high altitude at rest. Reaction time was unchanged. The data indicate that cerebral blood flow and oxidative metabolism are unaltered after high-altitude acclimatization from sea level, despite marked changes in breathing and other organ functions.
Human B cell responses to cholera infection (2016)

Abstract Vibrio cholerae causes an acute diarrheal disease estimated to lead to 3 to 5 million cases of cholera and over 100,000 deaths annually. Vaccine-induced immunity rapidly wanes and provides only partial protection. In contrast, natural infection induces 90–100 % protection for up to 10 years. However, it remains unknown why current vaccines are markedly less effective. Understanding mucosal humoral immunity and mechanisms regulating homing of immune cells to mucosal tissues in humans is of key importance, not only for V. cholerae infection, but for many other pathogens with a mucosal route of infection. To better understand the immune response induced by natural infection, we have characterized acute plasmablast responses in infected adults at the ICDDR, b in Dhaka, Bangladesh. To understand these potent responses in more detail we have generated a panel of 150 human monoclonal antibodies from plasmablasts isolated from six patients. These antibodies have provided a unique insight into the dynamics and variability of the functional characteristics of antibody responses to cholera, in terms of toxin neutralization, direct vibriocidal activity, the ability to induce bacterial agglutination or interfere with bacterial propagation. Furthermore, the fine specificity of these antibodies raise interesting questions about the longevity of B cell memory against bacterial polysaccharides. These studies provide unprecedented insight into heterogeneity of the acute plasmablasts responses to cholera, the ability to provide long-lived immunity after infection is resolved and the antigenic specificity of the BCR, at a single cell level. These findings may instruct future vaccine development for this important human pathogen.
Preparation of thin polymeric films on electrode surfaces by electropolymerization of o-aminophenol (1988)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTPreparation of thin polymeric films on electrode surfaces by electropolymerization of o-aminophenolSatoshi Kunimura, Takeo Ohsaka, and Noboru OyamaCite this: Macromolecules 1988, 21, 4, 894–900Publication Date (Print):April 1, 1988Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 April 1988https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ma00182a007https://doi.org/10.1021/ma00182a007research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views621Altmetric-Citations119LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
A Column Driver with Low-Power Area-Efficient Push-Pull Buffer Amplifiers for Active-Matrix LCDs (2007)

Push-pull buffer amplifiers are operated in a transient mode for column drivers suitable for vertical N-dot inversion of an active-matrix LCD (AMLCD) image. Each channel has a static current draw of 3.8 μA and an area of 4773 μm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> . The functionality of the column driver with 720 outputs is fully evaluated on the AMLCD module. The chip size of 23.2mm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> is achieved in a 0.35 μm 13.5V CMOS process.
ras oncogene activation of a VL30 transcriptional element is linked to transformation. (1990)

The activity of a murine VL30 transcriptional element was increased 20-fold in transient assays by coexpression of mutant ras genes. The cis element did not respond to ras in a revertant cell line that was transformation defective. Therefore, ras-dependent alterations in transcription and ras transformation are linked. Deletion analysis of the VL30 long-terminal-repeat U3 region showed that a minimal 53-base-pair segment is required in cis for oncogene activation of transcription. Gel retention assays using a probe that contained the minimal cis element revealed that a unique complex was formed with nuclear proteins prepared from transformed cells. Exonuclease III footprinting and gel retention experiments that used oligonucleotide probes and competitors indicated that two distinct nuclear factors interact with the minimal cis-responsive element. Site-directed deletion of the 5'-proximal binding site (TGACTCT) resulted in a complete loss of ras responsiveness. However, deletion of this site did not affect stimulation by the phorbol ester 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate (TPA). These data are consistent with the hypothesis that ras and TPA signal transduction mechanisms for transcriptional activation are distinct.
Study on effect of Traditional Chinese Medicine Jianpi Chushi decoction and ointment on chronic eczema (2016)

Qral Jianpi Chushi decoction could treat chronic eczema effectively, and oral Chinese medicine combined with ointment could enhance and speed up the efficacy.
Review and Extension of CO2-Based Methods to Determine Ventilation Rates with Application to School Classrooms (2017)

The ventilation rate (VR) is a key parameter affecting indoor environmental quality (IEQ) and the energy consumption of buildings. This paper reviews the use of CO₂ as a "natural" tracer gas for estimating VRs, focusing on applications in school classrooms. It provides details and guidance for the steady-state, build-up, decay and transient mass balance methods. An extension to the build-up method and an analysis of the post-exercise recovery period that can increase CO₂ generation rates are presented. Measurements in four mechanically-ventilated school buildings demonstrate the methods and highlight issues affecting their applicability. VRs during the school day fell below recommended minimum levels, and VRs during evening and early morning were on the order of 0.1 h<sup>-1</sup>, reflecting shutdown of the ventilation systems. The transient mass balance method was the most flexible and advantageous method given the low air change rates and dynamic occupancy patterns observed in the classrooms. While the extension to the build-up method improved stability and consistency, the accuracy of this and the steady-state method may be limited. Decay-based methods did not reflect the VR during the school day due to heating, ventilation and air conditioning (HVAC) system shutdown. Since the number of occupants in classrooms changes over the day, the VR expressed on a per person basis (e.g., L·s<sup>-1</sup>·person<sup>-1</sup>) depends on the occupancy metric. If occupancy measurements can be obtained, then the transient mass balance method likely will provide the most consistent and accurate results among the CO₂-based methods. Improved VR measurements can benefit many applications, including research examining the linkage between ventilation and health.
Patient attitudes to topical antipsoriatic treatment with calcipotriol and dithranol (2000)

Patients with psoriasis prefer treatment with calcipotriol ointment over short-contact dithranol cream.
Expression of follicle-stimulating hormone receptor by the vascular endothelium in tumor metastases (2013)

FSHR is expressed by the endothelium of blood vessels in the majority of metastatic tumors.
Developing micro-/nanoparticulate drug delivery systems using "design of experiments" (2011)

Of late, micro and nanoparticluate drug delivery systems have been gaining immense importance primarily attributed to their improved drug release controlling and targeting efficiencies. Also, the small particle size and desirable surface charge associated with these delivery systems render them suitable for specific applications like lymphatic uptake, pulmonary uptake, tumor targeting, brain targeting, etc. For decades, micro and nanoparticulate systems have been prepared by the conventional "trial and error" approach of changing One Variable at a Time (OVAT). Using this methodology, the solution of a specific problematic formulation characteristic can certainly be achieved, but attainment of the true optimal composition is never guaranteed. Thus, the present manuscript provides an updated account of the systematic approach "Design of Experiments (DoE)" as applicable to formulation development of microparticles and nanostructured systems. Besides providing a bird's eye view of the various experimental designs and optimization techniques employed for DoE optimization of such systems, the present manuscript also presents a copilation of the major micro/nano-structuctred systems optimized through DoE till date. In a nutshell, the article will act both as a ready reckoner of DoE optimization of micro/nano drug delivery systems and a catalyst in providing an impetus to young pharmaceutical "nano & micro" researchers to venture into the rewarding field of systematic DoE optimization.
Etiology and Management of Lack or Loss of Response to Anti-Tumor Necrosis Factor Therapy in Patients With Inflammatory Bowel Disease. (2019)

The management of patients with moderate to severe inflammatory bowel disease was transformed with the arrival of anti-tumor necrosis factor (TNF) therapy. Nevertheless, a considerable number of patients do not respond to anti-TNF induction therapy (primary nonresponse) or lose response to treatment over time after initially experiencing clinical improvement (secondary loss of response). Studies suggest that these outcomes are often due to inadequate drug concentrations. Therapeutic drug monitoring (TDM) is a practical tool that can be used to better define the etiologies of and help manage primary nonresponse or secondary loss of response. Proactive TDM, or drug titration to a target trough concentration, can improve the efficacy of anti-TNF treatment and lead to favorable clinical outcomes. However, in patients with adequate anti-TNF drug concentrations and active disease, alternate pathways of inflammation (not driven by TNFa agents) are at play, and therapies with another mechanism of action should be employed.
Characteristics and Impact of U.S. Military Blast-Related Mild Traumatic Brain Injury: A Systematic Review (2020)

As a result of armed conflict, head trauma from exposure to blasts is an increasing critical health issue, particularly among military service members. Whilst numerous studies examined the burden of blast-related brain injuries on service members', few systematic reviews have been published. This work provides a comprehensive summary of the evidence on blast-related mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI) burden in active U.S. military service members and inactive Veterans, describing characteristics and outcomes. Records published up to April 2017 were identified through a search of PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, Ovid MEDLINE, and Cochrane Library. Records-based and original research reporting on U.S. military service members and Veterans with mild blast TBI were included. Data on subject characteristics, exposure, diagnostic criterion, and outcomes were extracted from included studies using a standardized extraction form and were presented narratively. Of the 2,290 references identified by the search, 106 studies with a total of 37,515 participants met inclusion criteria for blast-related mTBI. All but nine studies were based out of military or Veteran medical facilities. Unsurprisingly, men were over-represented (75-100%). The criteria used to define blast-related mTBI were consistent; however, the methodology used to ascertain whether individuals met those criteria for diagnosis were inconsistent. The diagnosis, most prevalent among the Army, heavily relied on self-reported histories. Commonly reported adverse outcomes included hearing disturbances and headaches. The most frequently associated comorbidities were post-traumatic stress disorder, depression, anxiety, sleep disorders, attention disorders, and cognitive disorders. The primary objective of this review was to provide a summary of descriptive data on blast-related mTBI in a U.S. military population. Low standardization of the methods for reaching diagnosis and problems in the study reporting emphasize the importance to collect high-quality data to fill knowledge gaps pertaining to blast-related mTBI.
Single-mode fiber evanescent grating reflector (1985)

Evanescent wave devices operating on guided waves in single-mode fibers have led to highly efficient devices such as couplers and polarizers. This paper is concerned with the use of external grating structures introduced into the evanescent fields of single-mode fibers to perform mode coupling. Such devices could have application in fiber-optic communication and sensing where they can act as frequency and polarization selective couplers. A dielectric grating used to couple the guided fiber mode to external radiation modes propagating at ~90° angles with regard to the fiber axis has been re- ported.1 Our purpose is to investigate the use of gratings having a much smaller spatial period for efficient coupling of the incident wave in the fiber to a guided backward wave In the fiber. Such coupling has been observed with periodic internal distributions of optical-induced photorefractive damage within the cores of Ge-doped fibers.2
A Charge Simulation Method for the Calculation of High Voltage Fields (1974)

A numerical method for the computation of electrostatic fields is described. The basis of the method is the use of fictitious line charges as particular solutions of Laplace's and Poisson's equations. Details are given of a digital computer program developed for field calculations by means of this method, and its application is illustrated by practical examples involving two-and three-dimensional geometries.