gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Detection of hepatitis A antigen by immunofluorescence (1977)

Hepatitis A antigen (HA Ag) was demonstrated by immunofluorescence (IF) in liver biopsies from chimpanzees with experimental hepatitis A virus infection. Blocking experiments with paired sera from patients with hepatitis types A, B, or non-A, non-B, as well as with purified HA Ag, showed that the fluorescence was specific for HA Ag. HA Ag could be demonstrated only in biopsies from chimpanzees inoculated with hepatitis A virus. In two of four chimpanzees biopsied weekly, HA Ag could be detected by IF before stool shedding of HA Ag, elevation in serum alanine aminotransferase (SGPT), or histopathological evidence of liver disease was seen. The HA Ag was detected for 4 to 5 weeks; the last IF-positive biopsy was obtained after SGPT activity had returned to normal. In the two other chimpanzees, HA Ag could be detected only in the biopsy taken at the time of SGPT elevation. In the early IF-positive biopsies, HA Ag was diffusely distributed in the cytoplasm of many cells, but it later accumulated in a focal distribution in the cytoplasm of a few of the hepatocytes and Kupffer cells. This cytoplasmic distribution agrees with previous electron microscopic data.
Staining of <i>Plasmodium yoelii</i>‐Infected Mouse Erythrocytes with the Fluorescent Dye Rhodamine 123<sup>1</sup> (1983)

The cationic permeant fluorescent dye rhodamine 123 (R123) was used to stain Plasmodium yoelii-infected mouse erythrocytes. Fluorescence microscopic observations demonstrated that the parasite, but not the matrix of the infected erythrocyte, accumulated the dye. Differences in fluorescence intensity could not be found at the various developmental stages of the parasite; however, quantitation of the cell-associated dye revealed an increase in R123 uptake with parasite development. The retention of the parasite-associated dye, as measured by fluorescence microscopy and spectrophotometry after extraction of R123 with butanol, was markedly reduced by treatment of the infected erythrocytes with a proton ionophore, carbonyl cyanide m-chlorophenylhydrazone (CCCP), and an inhibitor of proton ATPase, dicyclohexylcarbodiimide (DCCD). These results indicate that the accumulation and retention of R123 in P. yoelii reflect the parasite membrane potential and suggest that the parasite plasma membrane has a membrane potential-generating proton pump.
Anticoccidial agents. 1. Synthesis and anticoccidial activity of 4-deoxypyridoxol and its esters (1974)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTAnticoccidial agents. 1. Synthesis and anticoccidial activity of 4-deoxypyridoxol and its estersYasuhiro Morisawa, Mitsuru Kataoka, Taiichiro Watanabe, Noritoshi Kitano, and Toshiaki MatsuzawaCite this: J. Med. Chem. 1974, 17, 10, 1083–1086Publication Date (Print):October 1, 1974Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 October 1974https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jm00256a012https://doi.org/10.1021/jm00256a012research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views92Altmetric-Citations4LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Plasma-texturization for multicrystalline silicon solar cells (2002)

Multicrystalline Si (mc-Si) cells have not benefited from the cost-effective wet-chemical texturing processes that reduce front surface reflectance on single-crystal wafers. The authors developed a maskless plasma texturing technique for mc-Si cells using reactive ion etching (RIE) that results in much higher cell performance than that of standard untextured cells. Elimination of plasma damage has been achieved while reducing front reflectance to extremely low levels. Internal quantum efficiencies higher than those on planar and wet-textured cells have been obtained, boosting cell currents and efficiencies by up to 11% on monocrystalline Si and 2.5% on multicrystalline Si cells.
A radioautographic analysis of the migration and fate of cells derived from the occipital somites in the chick embryo with specific reference to the development of the hypoglossal musculature. (1970)

The migration pattern and fate of cells of the occipital somites and overlying ectoderm have been described for the chick embryo with particular reference to the development of the hypoglossal musculature. Tritium-labelled thymidine (0·5–10 µCi per egg) was used as a cell-specific marker. Occipital somites (2–5) with overlying ectoderm were transplanted orthotopically from labelled donor embryos to unlabelled host embryos (Hamburger & Hamilton, stage 9–10). The embryos were incubated, for varying lengths of time (24 h-5 days), sacrificed, sectioned and the migration pattern and fate of the labelled cells determined radioautographically. It appears that the hypoglossal as well as other hypopharyngeal musculature originates from the occipital somites. The mesodermal migration pattern extended from the occipital somite region in a ventroposterior direction to the dorsal surface of the pericardial cavity posterior to the expanded portion of the pharynx. At this position a so-called hypoglossal cord formed on each side which ran anteriorly to the level of the second pharyngeal pouch where it turned medially and together with the cord from the other side entered the pharyngeal area of the embryo. This material apparently forms the intrinsic musculature of the tongue. The mesodermal movements are attributed to differential growth movements of the areas concerned as well as to active cell mutiplication and migration. Selective embryonic neuronal staining was undertaken to study the relationship between the migrating hypoglossal cord and nerve. The cord preceded the nerve in its migration. There is an occipital somitic contribution to the primitive meninx, to the endothelial walls of developing blood vessels, possibly to microglial cells and to the cartilage surrounding the notocord. The occipital ectoderm expands dorso-anteriorly and ventro-laterally. In the ventro-lateral position as contact is made with the pharyngeal endoderm a placode is formed which contributes cells to the nodose ganglion of the tenth cranial nerve. There is no other contribution of the ectoderm to the underlying tissues.
Cognitive Improvement After Treatment With Second-Generation Antipsychotic Medications in First-Episode Schizophrenia (2007)

The cognitive improvements observed in the trial were consistent in magnitude with practice effects observed in healthy controls, suggesting that some of the improvements in cognition in the first-episode schizophrenia group may have been due to practice effects (ie, exposure, familiarity, and/or procedural learning). Our results also indicated that differential medication effects on cognition were small. We believe that these findings have important implications for drug discovery and the design of registration trials that attempt to demonstrate cognitive enhancement.
Usage and Perceived Impact of Data Warehousing: A Study on Korean Financial Companies. (2004)

As data warehousing has evolved to become the technology of choice for developing data infrastructure in virtually every large company and many other medium-and small-sized firms, data warehousing has also received extensive research attentions from both academics and practitioners.Although several previous studies have investigated success factors and implementation of data warehousing, only few of them have explored end users' perceptions of this system.Moreover, none of these previous studies was done on the company outside North America, especially in any Asian country.Thus, this study was conducted to identify factors affecting end users' usage and perceived impact of data warehouses in Korean financial companies.Results suggest that Data Quality and End User Support and Training are significant factors affecting end users' usage and perceived impact of data warehouses.
Intracavity phase correction of an external Talbot cavity laser with the use of liquid crystals (1992)

Arrays of GaAlAs emitters have been diffractively coupled by using an external Talbot cavity to support a single spatial mode; however, element-to-element phase differences distort the desired spatial mode. To enable element-to-element phase correction, we incorporated a 20-element array of tunable liquid-crystal phase shifters into a 20-element GaAlAs external Talbot cavity laser. Using the tunable phase shifters, we corrected spatial mode distortions, which resulted in 663 mW of nearly diffraction-limited power.
CCNP Practical Studies: Switching (CCNP Self-Study) (2003)

Gain necessary hands-on experience implementing CCNP BCMSN concepts with this practical lab guide Lab configurations include explanations of equipment set-up and execution Valuable reference tool for Catalyst switches, including shortcuts, caveats, and application of the most advanced features Real-world scenarios represent the whole range of CCNP BCMSN 642-811 exam topicsCCNP Practical Studies: Switching (CCNP Self-Study) provides CCNP candidates with an in-depth, hands-on experience in configuring Cisco Catalyst switches. This practical guide shows intermediate level networkers how to apply the theoretical knowledge they have gained through CCNP coursework and exam preparation. Configuration labs performed within this book will cover all technologies tested on the BCMSN 642-811 exam, as well as a number of real world scenarios that will test users' overall understanding of multilayer switching. The labs come complete with full explanations, highlighting why the chosen commands and techniques are recommended.In addition to applicable labs, this book also provides general information on various switching technologies, as well as tips, tricks, shortcuts, and caveats for deploying Cisco switching gear in production environments. This book also includes exercises (similar to traditional mathematics exercises) that will help readers internalize, practice, and memorize certain concepts and thought processes necessary to successfully deploy a switched network.Part of the Practical Studies series from the Cisco Press, CCNP Practical Studies: Switching provides self-study based hands-on experience. As such, it can be used in conjunction with other Cisco Press titles and is an excellent companion to instructor-led training from a Cisco Learning Partner.
Integrated RF antenna and solar array for spacecraft application (2002)

The objective of this research effort was to develop and demonstrate an integrated high-gain RF antenna and solar array technology for spacecraft application. The RF antenna technology selected was a printed microstrip reflectarray, which uses a large number of thin crossed dipoles as the radiating elements. A microstrip reflectarray has the capability of integration with a solar array.
Retinal Blood Vessel Segmentation Using Line Operators and Support Vector Classification (2007)

In the framework of computer-aided diagnosis of eye diseases, retinal vessel segmentation based on line operators is proposed. A line detector, previously used in mammography, is applied to the green channel of the retinal image. It is based on the evaluation of the average grey level along lines of fixed length passing through the target pixel at different orientations. Two segmentation methods are considered. The first uses the basic line detector whose response is thresholded to obtain unsupervised pixel classification. As a further development, we employ two orthogonal line detectors along with the grey level of the target pixel to construct a feature vector for supervised classification using a support vector machine. The effectiveness of both methods is demonstrated through receiver operating characteristic analysis on two publicly available databases of color fundus images.
Flow cytometry of leucocyte alkaline phosphatase in normal and pathologic leucocytes (1997)

Leucocyte alkaline phosphatase (LAP) is an enzyme expressed on the external aspect of the neutrophilic granulocyte plasma membrane, and represents a specific marker for the fully differentiated granulocyte. In this report we characterize 1B12.1, a monoclonal antibody raised against human bone alkaline phosphatase, by its ability to recognize the LAP protein. As assessed by Western blot analysis, following electrophoresis under non-reducing conditions, the antibody specifically reacts with LAP upon forced expression of the protein in simian COS-7 fibroblasts. In addition, the 1B12.1 antibody recognizes partially purified LAP isolated from peripheral blood granulocytes. With this antibody we developed a quantitative flow-cytometry-based method for the determination of LAP. Double fluorescence flow cytometry demonstrated that the LAP protein was present in relatively high amounts in neutrophilic granulocytes, but not in monocytes, natural killer cells, or B and T lymphocytes of normal individuals. The protein was completely absent in granulocytes obtained from chronic myeloid leukaemia and paroxysmal nocturnal haemoglobinuria patients. Higher than normal levels of LAP protein were evident in neutrophilic granulocytes of patients suffering from polycythaemia vera, essential thrombocythaemia and severe aplastic anaemia. However, the highest amounts of LAP protein were present in the granulocytes of normal individuals treated with G-CSF for the isolation of peripheral blood stem cells.
Surveillance for Pneumococcal Disease in the United States (1999)

WHY CONDUCT SURVEILLANCE FOR PNEUMOCOCCAL DISEASE? Worldwide, infections with Streptococcus pneumoniae are among the leading causes of illness and death among infants and young children, persons with chronic medical conditions, and the elderly. In the United States, pneumococcal infections cause an estimated 3000 episodes of meningitis , 50,000 episodes of sepsis, 120,000 episodes of pneumonia, and as many as seven million cases of otitis media each year (1). The mortality rate for invasive pneumococcal infections (infections of blood or other sterile sites) is high ( 15% to 20%) among adults ; among the elderly, mortality can reach 40%. Despite its public health importance, until recently few public health agencies have included pneumococcal disease as a part of routine disease surveillance. However, with the emergence of drug-resistant Streptococcus pneumoniae (DRSP), the need for information about disease trends has increased. In some settings, local surveillance data, which include reporting of antimicrobial susceptibility results, can help cl inicians with treatment decisions; at a higher level, regional or national trend information can guide those drafting treatment guidelines . As treatment of pneumococcal infections becomes more difficult, renewed efforts should focus on preventing disease with pneumococcal vaccines; public health practitioners can use surveillance data to target vaccination programs and to measure program impact. This article examines the issues surrou nding survei llance for pneumococcal disease and describes surveillance systems in use in the United States. In add ition, the article reviews the epidemiology of pneumococcal disease and the emergence of drug-resistant infections, emphasizing surveillance findings.
Cannabinoids Inhibit Glioma Cell Invasion by Down-regulating Matrix Metalloproteinase-2 Expression (2008)

Cannabinoids, the active components of Cannabis sativa L. and their derivatives, inhibit tumor growth in laboratory animals by inducing apoptosis of tumor cells and impairing tumor angiogenesis. It has also been reported that these compounds inhibit tumor cell spreading, but the molecular targets of this cannabinoid action remain elusive. Here, we evaluated the effect of cannabinoids on matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) expression and its effect on tumor cell invasion. Local administration of Delta(9)-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC), the major active ingredient of cannabis, down-regulated MMP-2 expression in gliomas generated in mice, as determined by Western blot, immunofluorescence, and real-time quantitative PCR analyses. This cannabinoid-induced inhibition of MMP-2 expression in gliomas (a) was MMP-2-selective, as levels of other MMP family members were unaffected; (b) was mimicked by JWH-133, a CB(2) cannabinoid receptor-selective agonist that is devoid of psychoactive side effects; (c) was abrogated by fumonisin B1, a selective inhibitor of ceramide biosynthesis; and (d) was also evident in two patients with recurrent glioblastoma multiforme. THC inhibited MMP-2 expression and cell invasion in cultured glioma cells. Manipulation of MMP-2 expression by RNA interference and cDNA overexpression experiments proved that down-regulation of this MMP plays a critical role in THC-mediated inhibition of cell invasion. Cannabinoid-induced inhibition of MMP-2 expression and cell invasion was prevented by blocking ceramide biosynthesis and by knocking-down the expression of the stress protein p8. As MMP-2 up-regulation is associated with high progression and poor prognosis of gliomas and many other tumors, MMP-2 down-regulation constitutes a new hallmark of cannabinoid antitumoral activity.
Single-Cell RNA Sequencing Reveals Stromal Evolution into LRRC15+ Myofibroblasts as a Determinant of Patient Response to Cancer Immunotherapy (2019)

With only a fraction of patients responding to cancer immunotherapy, a better understanding of the entire tumor microenvironment is needed. Using single-cell transcriptomics, we chart the fibroblastic landscape during pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) progression in animal models. We identify a population of carcinoma-associated fibroblasts (CAF) that are programmed by TGFβ and express the leucine-rich repeat containing 15 (LRRC15) protein. These LRRC15<sup>+</sup> CAFs surround tumor islets and are absent from normal pancreatic tissue. The presence of LRRC15<sup>+</sup> CAFs in human patients was confirmed in >80,000 single cells from 22 patients with PDAC as well as by using IHC on samples from 70 patients. Furthermore, immunotherapy clinical trials comprising more than 600 patients across six cancer types revealed elevated levels of the LRRC15<sup>+</sup> CAF signature correlated with poor response to anti-PD-L1 therapy. This work has important implications for targeting nonimmune elements of the tumor microenvironment to boost responses of patients with cancer to immune checkpoint blockade therapy. SIGNIFICANCE: This study describes the single-cell landscape of CAFs in pancreatic cancer during <i>in vivo</i> tumor evolution. A TGFβ-driven, LRRC15<sup>+</sup> CAF lineage is associated with poor outcome in immunotherapy trial data comprising multiple solid-tumor entities and represents a target for combinatorial therapy.<i>This article is highlighted in the In This Issue feature, p. 161</i>.
Fepstrum representation of speech signal (2005)

Pole-zero spectral models in the frequency domain have been well studied and understood in the past several decades. Exploiting the duality between the temporal domain and the frequency domain, Kumaresan et al (R. Kumaresan, et al., March 1999), (R. Kumaresan, October 1998) have shown that the pole-zero model of the analytic speech signal in the temporal domain leads to its characterization in terms of the positive amplitude modulation (AM) and positive instantaneous frequency (PIF). In this paper, we carefully define AM and frequency modulation (FM) signals in the context of ASR. We show that for a theoretically meaningful estimation of the AM signal, it is necessary to decompose the speech signal into several narrow spectral bands as opposed to the previous use of the speech modulation spectrum (V. Tyagi, et al., 2003), (M. Athineos and D. Ellis, 2003), (M. Athineos, et al., April 2004), (Q. Zhu, and A. Alwan, 2000), (B. E. D. Kingsbury, et al., Aug. 1998), which was derived by decomposing the speech signal into increasingly wider spectral bands (such as critical, Bark or Mel). The estimated AM message signals are downsampled and their lower DCT coefficients are retained as speech features. These features carry information that is complementary to the MFCCs. A Tandem (H. Hermansky, 2003), (D. P. W. Ellis, et al., May 2001) combination of these two features is shown to improve recognition accuracy
Argonaute CLIP-Seq reveals miRNA targetome diversity across tissue types (2014)

To date, analyses of individual targets have provided evidence of a miRNA targetome that extends beyond the boundaries of messenger RNAs (mRNAs) and can involve non-Watson-Crick base pairing in the miRNA seed region. Here we report our findings from analyzing 34 Argonaute HITS-CLIP datasets from several human and mouse cell types. Investigation of the architectural (i.e. bulge vs. contiguous pairs) and sequence (Watson-Crick vs. G:U pairs) preferences for human and mouse miRNAs revealed that many heteroduplexes are "non-canonical" i.e. their seed region comprises G:U and bulge combinations. The genomic distribution of miRNA targets differed distinctly across cell types but remained congruent across biological replicates of the same cell type. For some cell types intergenic and intronic targets were more frequent whereas in other cell types mRNA targets prevailed. The findings suggest an expanded model of miRNA targeting that is more frequent than the standard model currently in use. Lastly, our analyses of data from different cell types and laboratories revealed consistent Ago-loaded miRNA profiles across replicates whereas, unexpectedly, the Ago-loaded targets exhibited a much more dynamic behavior across biological replicates.
[Changes of [Ca2+]i in colorectal cancer cells induced by some chemicals]. (1997)

Changes of [Ca2+]i in CCL229 cells induced by retionoic acid (RA), 1,25(OH)2VD3 and PMA were measured by spectrofluorometry. The effects of endoplasmic reticulum (ER)-specific Ca(2+)-ATPase inhibitor thapsigargin (TG) and IP3 receptor inhibitor heparin on RA-induced changes of [Ca2+]i were observed and the relationship between RA-induced changes of [Ca2+]i and ER was also investigated. The results showed that [Ca2+]i increased markedly in several seconds after treated by RA and 1,25(OH)2VD3. When cells were pretreated with EGTA and verapamil (Ca2+ entry blocker drug), TG could not inhibit RA-stimulated Ca2+ release from intracellular calcium pools and TG could increase [Ca2+]i after pretreated by RA. In addition, heparin could not completely inhibit RA-induced [Ca2+]i increase. The results suggest that RA might stimulate IP3-sensitive pool or IP3-insensitive pool on ER to increase [Ca2+]i, or there might be RA-sensitive calcium pools except ER in cells.
Randomized Phase I Chemoprevention Dose-Seeking Study of  -Difluoromethylornithine (1993)

Studies investigating prevention of cancers with DFMO are under consideration.