gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Identifying Changed or Sick Resources from Logs (2018)

The identification of important changes in a complex distributed system is a challenging data science problem. Solving this problem is critical for tools for managing modern cloud infrastructure stacks and other large complex distributed systems. In this paper, we investigate two specific approaches to using log data to solve this problem. The first approach is comparing a source's current and past behavior. Some solutions that perform anomaly detection on numeric data from the data center are inevitably relying on global change point detection concepts. On the other hand, while log data promises a significantly different perspectives and dimensions to accomplish a similar task, state-of-the-art of solutions lack a capability to automatically detect significant change points in the log stream of an event source through learning its behavioral patterns. Such change points indicate the most important times when the source's behavior significantly differs from the past. A second complementary approach to real-time change detection involves comparing a source's current behavior with the current behavior of its peers in a population of sources serving a common role in the data center. Employing the concept of event types of log messages introduced earlier, we propose algorithms for each of these approaches that apply classical statistical and machine learning techniques to data capturing the distribution of those constructs. We demonstrate experimental results from our prototype algorithms.
Resolution below the point spread function for diffuse optical imaging using fluorescence lifetime multiplexing (2013)

We show that asymptotic lifetime-based fluorescence tomography can localize multiple-lifetime targets separated well below the diffuse point spread function of a turbid medium. This is made possible due to a complete diagonalization of the time domain forward problem in the asymptotic limit. We also show that continuous wave or direct time gate approaches to fluorescence tomography are unable to achieve this separation, indicating the unique advantage of a decay-amplitude-based approach for tomographic lifetime multiplexing with time domain data.
[Expression, purification and immunogenicity analysis of HPV type 18 virus-like particles from Escherichia coli]. (2009)

Here, we presented a method to bacterially express the major structural protein L1 of Human Papillomavirus type 18 (HPV18) as soluble form. We found that the purified L1 could self-assemble to virus-like particles (VLPs). Further, we investigated the immunogenicity and the induced level of neutralizing antibody using these VLPs. First, the genome of HPV18 was cloned from a patient in Xiamen. It was used as template for PCR amplification of HPV18 L1 gene. The resultant DNA fragment was inserted into expression vector pTrxFus and expressed in Escherichia coli GI724. Second, L1 protein was purified by ammonium sulfate precipitation, ion-exchange chromatography and hydrophobic interaction chromatography; and the purified L1 was subjected to self-assembly to form VLPs with the removal of premixed reductant DTT. Finally, the size and morphology of these VLPs was investigated by Dynamic Light Scattering and Transmission Electronic Microscopy as 29.34 nm in hydrated radius and globular particles similar with native HPV18. The half effective dosage (ED50) and maximum level of neutralizing antibody elicitation were measured by vaccinations on mice, rabbit and goat using pseudovirus neutralization cell model. The results showed that the ED50 of HPV18 VLPs is 0.006 microg in mice, and the maximum titer of neutralizing antibody elicited in rabbit and goat is up to 10(7). As a conclusion, we can provide HPV18 VLPs with highly immunogenicity from prokaryote expression system, which may pave a new way for research and development of prophylactic vaccine for HPV18.
Recent advances of the Ti:sapphire-pumped high-repetition-rate femtosecond optical parametric oscillator (1993)

The details concerning the resonator configuration, crystal parameters, and operating characteristics of high-repetition-rate and high-average-power broadly tunable femtosecond optical parametric oscillators are reviewed and discussed in some detail. We also report new results on an intracavity-doubled optical parametric oscillator with tunability from 580 to 657 nm in the visible and the first, to our knowledge, high-repetition-rate femtosecond optical parametric oscillator with the new nonlinear-optical crystal In:KTiOAsO4, which can potentially tune to 5.3 μm.
Defective Lamin A-Rb Signaling in Hutchinson-Gilford Progeria Syndrome and Reversal by Farnesyltransferase Inhibition (2010)

Hutchinson-Gilford Progeria Syndrome (HGPS) is a rare premature aging disorder caused by a de novo heterozygous point mutation G608G (GGC>GGT) within exon 11 of LMNA gene encoding A-type nuclear lamins. This mutation elicits an internal deletion of 50 amino acids in the carboxyl-terminus of prelamin A. The truncated protein, progerin, retains a farnesylated cysteine at its carboxyl terminus, a modification involved in HGPS pathogenesis. Inhibition of protein farnesylation has been shown to improve abnormal nuclear morphology and phenotype in cellular and animal models of HGPS. We analyzed global gene expression changes in fibroblasts from human subjects with HGPS and found that a lamin A-Rb signaling network is a major defective regulatory axis. Treatment of fibroblasts with a protein farnesyltransferase inhibitor reversed the gene expression defects. Our study identifies Rb as a key factor in HGPS pathogenesis and suggests that its modulation could ameliorate premature aging and possibly complications of physiological aging.
Recent Advances in Asymmetric Hydrogenation by Means of Transition Metal Complexes. (1993)

Recent developments in homogeneous asymmetric hydrogenation by use of manufactured transition metal catalysts are remarkable. Their efficiencies are now often comparable or even superior to those of biocatalysts, and an increasing number of transition metal catalyzed asymmetric hydrogenations have been applied to industrial production of optically active compounds. This report deals with asymmetric hydrogenation catalyzed by homogeneous transition metal complexes by putting the emphasis on recent advances in this research field. Especially, asymmetric hydrogenation catalyzed by BINAP-metal complexes has been discussed.
Optical tomographic imaging of dynamic features of dense-scattering media (2001)

Methods used in optical tomography have thus far proven to produce images of complex target media (e.g., tissue) having, at best, relatively modest spatial resolution. This presents a challenge in differentiating artifact from true features. Further complicating such efforts is the expectation that the optical properties of tissue for any individual are largely unknown and are likely to be quite variable due to the occurrence of natural vascular rhythms whose amplitudes are sensitive to a host of autonomic stimuli that are easily induced. We recognize, however, that rather than frustrating efforts to validate the accuracy of image features, the time-varying properties of the vasculature can be exploited to aid in such efforts, owing to the known structure-dependent frequency response of the vasculature and to the fact that hemoglobin is a principal contrast feature of the vasculature at near-infrared wavelengths. To accomplish this, it is necessary to generate a time series of image data. In this report we have tested the hypothesis that through analysis of time-series data, independent contrast features can be derived that serve to validate, at least qualitatively, the accuracy of imaging data, in effect establishing a self-referencing scheme. A significant finding is the observation that analysis of such data can produce high-contrast images that reveal features that are mainly obscured in individual image frames or in time-averaged image data. Given the central role of hemoglobin in tissue function, this finding suggests that a wealth of new features associated with vascular dynamics can be identified from the analysis of time-series image data.
Candela-Storage, Analysis and Retrieval of Video Content in Distributed Systems: Real-Time Video Surveillance and Retrieval (2005)

Although many different types of technologies for information systems have evolved over the last decades (such as databases, video systems, the Internet and mobile telecommunication), the integration of these technologies is just in its infancy and has the potential to introduce "intelligent" systems. This paper describes the novelties of a video content analysis in a surveillance system, demonstrating the benefits for fast retrieval in huge video databases
The Search for Novel Human Pancreatic α‐Amylase Inhibitors: High‐Throughput Screening of Terrestrial and Marine Natural Product Extracts (2008)

Specific inhibitors of human pancreatic alpha-amylase (HPA) have potential as oral agents for the control of blood glucose levels in the treatment of diabetes and obesity. In a search for novel inhibitors, a library of 30 000 crude biological extracts of terrestrial and marine origin has been screened. A number of inhibitory extracts were identified, of which the most potent was subjected to bioassay-guided purification. A family of three glycosylated acyl flavonols, montbretins A-C, was thereby identified and characterized as competitive amylase inhibitors, with K(i) values ranging from 8.1-6100 nM. Competitive inhibition by myricetin, which corresponds to the flavone core, and noncompetitive inhibition by a second fragment, ethyl caffeiate, suggest a binding mode for these inhibitors.
Centrifugal partition chromatography: A survey of its history, and our recent advances in the field (2003)

Centrifugal partition chromatography (CPC) was introduced in 1982 by Sanki Eng. And for almost 20 years this company remained the only one manufacturing such an apparatus. A CPC instrument or a CPC column is a series of channels linked in cascade by ducts and aligned in cartridges or disks in a circle around a rotor; setting the rotor in motion submits this assembly to a constant centrifugal field. The originality of CPC is that it uses any biphasic liquid-liquid system as mobile and stationary phases. The United States branch of Sanki contributed greatly to the worldwide acceptance of the technique. Recent works performed in the Netherlands and in France have, by means of visualization of flow-patterns in CPC channels, contributed to a better knowledge of hydrodynamics and mass transfer phenomena. Nowadays research in our laboratory focuses on speediness and scale-up of the technique.
On the design of discovery patterns for half-duplex TDD nodes operating in frame-based systems (2013)

Future telecommunication systems need to support a discovery function, enabling all network nodes to discover each other directly over the air. In addition to discovery in traditional access point-to-user equipment (AP2UE) links, there is a need to support also other link types, such as device-to-device (D2D) communication and wireless backhauling. In this paper, we provide a design for discovery patterns and groups of patterns applicable to half-duplex time division duplexing (TDD) nodes operating in a frame based system. The proposed scheme allows an easy design of discovery patterns, which can be used for comprehensive bi-directional communication where all nodes are able to listen to each other. Proposed approach provides also an upper limit for the discovery time with an assumption that discovery signal is received correctly at the receiving node. We also support network topologies containing network elements of different hierarchies which require mono-directional discovery function among network nodes, e.g. from higher towards lower hierarchy levels.
Impact of noise level and edge sharpness of a prior image on the performance of Prior Image Constrained Compressed Sensing (PICCS) (2013)

Dose reduction using prior image constrained compressed sensing (DR-PICCS) is a method of CT reconstruction which utilizes prior image information in a compressed sensing framework to significantly reduce the noise in images acquired at low dose. The purpose of this study was to investigate the impact of edge sharpness and noise level in the prior image data on the resulting DR-PICCS images. Projection data from a 100 rnA CT myocardial perfusion scan of a swine was combined with numerically simulated projections of vessels of varying geometry (diameter = 4, 3, 2 mm) and contrast levels (600, 400, 200 HU enhancement). Bilateral and mean filters were applied to generate prior images, which were then used with the DR-PICCS algorithm. Vessel diameter, effective blurring kernel, and vessel intensity were compared among prior images as well as among the corresponding PICCS images. Although the filters produced prior images with significantly different spatial resolution characteristics at similar noise levels, these differences were mitigated in DR-PICCS images and the DR-PICCS had improved fidelity in comparison to the priors.
BATS: Network coding in action (2014)

BATS code is a low-complexity random linear network coding scheme that can achieve asymptotic bandwidth optimality for many types of networks with packet loss. In this paper, we propose a BATS code based network protocol and evaluate the performance by real-device experiments. Our results demonstrate significant ready-to-implement gain of network coding over forwarding in multi-hop network transmission with packet loss. We also propose an improved protocol to handle the practical issues observed in the experiments.
Proximal upstream region of zebrafish bone morphogenetic protein 4 promoter directs heart expression of green fluorescent protein (2003)

We examined the activity of the bone morphogenetic protein 4 (BMP4) promoter in zebrafish embryos via transient and stable transgenic expression analyses in order to obtain a better understanding of the regulation of BMP4 tissue-specific expression. Transient expression studies showed that the 9.0-kb BMP4 promoter/upstream region drove green fluorescent protein (GFP) expression mainly in the heart. Deletion analyses indicated the existence of multiple regulatory elements in the 7.5-kb BMP4 promoter/proximal upstream region. In addition, a coinjection experiment further demonstrated the 2.4-kb Bgl II-Hind III DNA region contains major positive regulatory elements. In addition, stable transgenic lines were established to further confirm the heart-specificity of this segment in BMP4 promoter. The results showed that GFP was mainly localized in the myocardium of developing ventricles of 48-hpf (hours postfertilization), 72-hpf, and 100-hpf transgenic F(1) embryos. Together, these results indicate that the 7.5-kb BMP4 promoter/proximal upstream region specifically contains regulatory elements for BMP4 expression in the heart, while regulatory elements for other endogenous BMP4-expressing tissues may reside in more distal regions and/or in introns.
Dynamic analysis of capacitive micromachined ultrasonic transducers (2005)

Electrostatic transducers are usually operated under a DC bias below their collapse voltage. The same scheme has been adopted for capacitive micromachined ultrasonic transducers (cMUTs). DC bias deflects the cMUT membranes toward the substrate, so that their centers are free to move during both receive and transmit operations. In this paper, we present time-domain, finite element calculations for cMUTs using LS-DYNA, a commercially available finite element package. In addition to this DC bias mode, other new cMUT operations (collapse and collapse-snapback) have recently been demonstrated. Because cMUT membranes make contact with the substrate in these new operations, modeling of these cMUTs should include contact analysis. Our model was a cMUT transducer consisting of many hexagonal membranes; because it was symmetrical, we modeled only one-sixth of a hexagonal cell loaded with a fluid medium. The finite element results for both conventional and collapse modes were compared to measurements made by an optical interferometer; a good match was observed. Thus, the model is useful for designing cMUTs that operate in regimes where membranes make contact with the substrate.
Homogeneous vertical ZnO nanorod arrays with high conductivity on an in situ Gd nanolayer (2015)

We demonstrate a novel, one-step, catalyst-free method for the production of size-controlled vertical highly conductive ZnO nanorod arrays with highly desirable characteristics on an<italic>in situ</italic>uniform Gd nanolayer using pulsed laser deposition.
Trial Manufacture of an Apparatus for Measuring Torsional Rigidity Distribution (1997)

A measuring apparatus of the torsional rigidity distribution of a shaft has been trially constructed which is applicable to the measurement for golf shafts. The structure, measuring principle and accuracy evaluation are reported.
Powerful room-temperature stable LiF:F2+**tunable laser (1997)

A powerful photo- and thermostable, LiF:F<SUB>2</SUB><SUP>+</SUP> color center laser pumped by radiation at 740 nm or at 683 nm is described. This is the first time an average power as high as approximately 1.4 W and an energy per pulse as high as approximately 100 mJ, with record real efficiency of 53 percent and 28 percent were achieved for a room temperature LiF:F<SUB>2</SUB><SUP>+</SUP> color center laser. Such color center laser, tunable in the 820-1210 nm range, features a number of important advantages over pulsed lasers based on Ti or Cr doped crystals.
Modeling, Design, Fabrication, and Demonstration of a Digital Micromirror With Interdigitated Cantilevers (2009)

We present the modeling, design, fabrication, and measurement results of a novel digital micromirror based on a new actuator called interdigitated cantilevers. In contrast to conventional micromirrors that rotate through the twisting actuation of a hinge, this micromirror has a symmetric bidirectional rotation through a bending actuation of interdigitated cantilevers hidden under a mirror plate. For the static and dynamic characteristics of the proposed micromirror, analytical models were developed first on the basis of the Euler-Bernoulli beam equation, as well as both distributed and lumped-parameter models. The results of the developed analytical models are in good agreement with those of a finite-element-method (FEM) simulation, having just a 10% deviation. On the basis of these analytical models, we successfully designed, fabricated, and evaluated a micromirror with a mirror size of 16 mum times 16 mum. The fabricated micromirror has a mechanical rotation angle of plusmn10deg, a pull-in voltage of 54 V, a resonant frequency of 350 kHz, and a switching response time of 17 mus. The measurement results compare favorably with those of analytical models and FEM simulations, with deviations of less than 15% and 10%, respectively.
A modular extended resonance transmit phased array with improved scan angle (2009)

A new circuit for designing phased arrays based on the extended resonance technique is proposed. Extended resonance is a power dividing structure that allows construction of low complexity and cost phased arrays. Achievable phase shift between adjacent nodes of the phased array is studied and a new circuit structure to maximize the scan angle is investigated. Furthermore a modular approach for designing transmit phased arrays with large number of antennas is proposed. As a proof of principle, a 2 GHz seven-element transmit phased array with a scan angle of approximately 60 degrees has been demonstrated.
Quantum sensor miniaturization prospectus (2009)

The quantum mechanical phenomenon of entanglement can be utilized to beat the the Rayleigh limit, the classical bound on image resolution. This is done by entangling the photons that are used as the signal states. Using entanglement, the best possible image resolution is instead given by the Heisenberg limit, an improvement proportional to the number of entangled photons in the signal. Here, we present a novel application of entanglement by inverting the above procedure. We show that the resolution obtained by an imaging system utilizing separable photons can be achieved by an imaging system making use of entangled photons, but with the advantage of a smaller aperture. This results in a smaller, lighter imaging system. Smaller imaging systems can be especially valuable in satellite imaging where weight and size play a vital role.
Experimental characterization of collapse-mode CMUT operation (2006)

This paper reports on the experimental characterization of collapse-mode operation of capacitive micromachined ultrasonic transducers (CMUTs). CMUTs are conventionally operated by applying a direct current (DC) bias voltage less than the collapse voltage of the membrane, so that the membrane is deflected toward the bottom electrode. In the conventional regime, there is no contact between the membrane and the substrate; the maximum alternating current (AC) displacement occurs at the center of the membrane. In collapse-mode operation, the DC bias voltage is first increased beyond the collapse voltage, then reduced without releasing the collapsed membrane. In collapse-mode operation, the center of the membrane is always in contact with the substrate. In the case of a circular membrane, the maximum AC displacement occurs along the ring formed between the center and the edge of the membrane. The experimental characterization presented in this paper includes impedance measurements in air, pulse-echo experiments in immersion, and one-way optical displacement measurements in immersion for both conventional and collapse-mode operations. A 205-microm x 205-microm 2-D CMUT array element composed of circular silicon nitride membranes is used in the experiments. In pulse-echo experiments, a custom integrated circuit (IC) comprising a pulse driver, a transmit/receive switch, a wideband low-noise preamplifier, and a line driver is used. By reducing the parasitic capacitance, the use of a custom IC enables pulse-echo measurements at high frequencies with a very small transducer. By comparing frequency response and efficiency of the transducer in conventional and collapse regimes, experimental results show that a collapsed membrane can be used to generate and detect ultrasound more efficiently than a membrane operated in the conventional mode. Furthermore, the center frequency of the collapsed membrane can be changed by varying the applied DC voltage. In this study, the center frequency of a collapsed transducer in immersion is shown to vary from 20 MHz to 28 MHz with applied DC bias; the same transducer operates at 10 MHz in the conventional mode. In conventional mode, the maximum peak-to-peak pressure is 370 kPa on the transducer surface for a 40-ns, 25-V unipolar pulse excitation. In collapse mode, a 25-ns, 25-V unipolar pulse generates 590 kPa pressure at the surface of the transducer.
Bone Metastasis Detection in the Chest and Pelvis from a Whole-Body Bone Scan Using Deep Learning and a Small Dataset (2021)

The aim of this study was to establish an early diagnostic system for the identification of the bone metastasis of prostate cancer in whole-body bone scan images by using a deep convolutional neural network (D-CNN). The developed system exhibited satisfactory performance for a small dataset containing 205 cases, 100 of which were of bone metastasis. The sensitivity and precision for bone metastasis detection and classification in the chest were 0.82 ± 0.08 and 0.70 ± 0.11, respectively. The sensitivity and specificity for bone metastasis classification in the pelvis were 0.87 ± 0.12 and 0.81 ± 0.11, respectively. We propose the use of hard example mining for increasing the sensitivity and precision of the chest D-CNN. The developed system has the potential to provide a prediagnostic report for physicians’ final decisions.