gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Prospects for high-brightness x-ray sources for lithography (1981)

The x-ray source is a critical part of any x-ray lithography system since the source characteristics directly affect resolution, alignment, and throughput. Conventional electron bombardment sources, using either stationary or rotating anodes, are now in wide use. However their poor efficiency, low brightness, and uncollimated nature makes them doubtful candidates for high throughput lithographic systems. Several possible alternative sources have been discussed in recent years. They fall into two broad categories: accelerated charged particle beams and high temperature plasmas. The first category includes the synchrotron and related devices such as wigglers. Although these are large and costly installations, they are excellent sources of soft x-rays and have many advantages as lithographic sources. The second category contains many different systems capable of producing dense, high temperature plasmas. Some of these have been shown to have promise as compact, efficient, high brightness x-ray sources. Devices in each of these two categories will be discussed and the relative advantages and disadvantages of each as a source for x-ray lithography will be outlined.
Mitochondria function associated genes contribute to Parkinson’s Disease risk and later age at onset (2019)

Mitochondrial dysfunction has been implicated in the etiology of monogenic Parkinson's disease (PD). Yet the role that mitochondrial processes play in the most common form of the disease; sporadic PD, is yet to be fully established. Here, we comprehensively assessed the role of mitochondrial function-associated genes in sporadic PD by leveraging improvements in the scale and analysis of PD GWAS data with recent advances in our understanding of the genetics of mitochondrial disease. We calculated a mitochondrial-specific polygenic risk score (PRS) and showed that cumulative small effect variants within both our primary and secondary gene lists are significantly associated with increased PD risk. We further reported that the PRS of the secondary mitochondrial gene list was significantly associated with later age at onset. Finally, to identify possible functional genomic associations we implemented Mendelian randomization, which showed that 14 of these mitochondrial function-associated genes showed functional consequence associated with PD risk. Further analysis suggested that the 14 identified genes are not only involved in mitophagy, but implicate new mitochondrial processes. Our data suggests that therapeutics targeting mitochondrial bioenergetics and proteostasis pathways distinct from mitophagy could be beneficial to treating the early stage of PD.
Optical properties of planar colloidal crystals: Dynamical diffraction and the scalar wave approximation (1999)

We present a quantitative comparison between two analytic theories for the propagation of electromagnetic waves in periodic dielectric structures. These theories have both been used extensively in the modeling of optical spectra of colloidal crystals exhibiting photonic band gap behavior. We demonstrate that dynamical diffraction theory is equivalent to the scalar wave approximation, in the limit of small dielectric contrast. This equivalence allows us to place quantitative limits on the validity of dynamical diffraction, relative to the predictions of the more accurate scalar wave theory. We also note that dynamical diffraction is often applied with boundary conditions which neglect the strong interference between the incident and diffracted waves within the periodic medium. These boundary conditions lead to expressions for the transmission spectrum which cannot be generalized to the case of normal-incidence propagation. We provide a corrected form for these expressions, and use them in comparisons with experimental spectra. Excellent agreement between theory and experiment is obtained for the widths of optical stop bands, for both positive and negative values of the dielectric contrast. These are among the first quantitative comparisons between theoretical and experimental optical spectra of colloidal photonic crystals.
Betweenness Centrality Based k-Anonymity for Privacy Preserving in Social Networks (2018)

In order to reduce information loss rate of the k-anonymous network, we propose an anonymous network reconstruction algorithm based on nodes' betweenness centrality. Betweenness centrality measures the nodes' significance in graph based on the shortest paths. In our algorithm, nodes are sorted according to betweenness centrality and the candidate nodes with great value are reconnected preferentially. Then the backbone structure of the network could be retained which guarantee the important features of the reconstruct network. We evaluate our method on real data sets by different metrics. The experiment results justify the efficiency and practical utility of our proposed method.
Near-optimal experimental design for sampling voltage on dendritic trees (2010)

Understanding dendritic computation remains a key problem in cellular and computational neuroscience. The main challenge is in recording physiological signals (particularly voltage) with sufficient spatiotemporal resolution on dendrites, either via multiple-electrode recordings or imaging techniques. Statistical techniques can alleviate this difficulty, by de-noising the data and inferring the voltage in unobserved compartments.
The <i>Drosophila</i> Selenoprotein BthD Is Required for Survival and Has a Role in Salivary Gland Development (2003)

Selenium is implicated in many diseases, including cancer, but its function at the molecular level is poorly understood. BthD is one of three selenoproteins recently identified in Drosophila. To elucidate the function of BthD and the role of selenoproteins in cellular metabolism and health, we analyzed the developmental expression profile of this protein and used inducible RNA interference (RNAi) to ablate function. We find that BthD is dynamically expressed during Drosophila development. bthD mRNA and protein are abundant in the ovaries of female flies and are deposited into the developing oocyte. Maternally contributed protein and RNA persist during early embryonic development but decay by the onset of gastrulation. At later stages of embryogenesis, BthD is expressed highly in the developing salivary gland. We generated transgenic fly lines carrying an inducible gene-silencing construct, in which an inverted bthD genomic-cDNA hybrid is under the control of the Drosophila Gal4 upstream activation sequence system. Duplex RNAi induced from this construct targeted BthD mRNA for destruction and reduced BthD protein levels. We found that loss of BthD compromised salivary gland morphogenesis and reduced animal viability.
Boron nitride nanotube films grown from boron ink painting (2010)

The growth of nanotube films can have important applications in building nanoscale functional devices or solving interfacial and heat problems. We report that high-density boron nitride nanotube (BNNT) films with any desired pattern can be grown on complicated surfaces using a boron (B) ink process. The special B ink, a mixture of nanosized B particles, metal nitrate and ethanol, is first painted, sprayed or inkjet printed at the desired location with required pattern, and then the ink layer is annealed in a nitrogen-containing atmosphere to form BNNT film. This is the first method capable of growing BNNTs on complex non-flat surfaces, which greatly broadens the potential application of BNNTs. For example, it is demonstrated here that a BNNT coated steel mesh can separate water and oil on a microlitre scale; a needle given an internal BNNT coating could greatly enhance microfluidic transport; and a coated screw could be used to minimize wear at the interface.
Aberrant Activation of Focal Adhesion Proteins Mediates Fibrillar Amyloid β-Induced Neuronal Dystrophy (2003)

Neuronal dystrophy is a pathological hallmark of Alzheimer's disease (AD) that is not observed in other neurodegenerative disorders that lack amyloid deposition. Treatment of cortical neurons with fibrillar amyloid beta (Abeta) peptides induces progressive neuritic dystrophy accompanied by a marked loss of synaptophysin immunoreactivity (Grace et al., 2002). Here, we report that fibrillar Abeta-induced neuronal dystrophy is mediated by the activation of focal adhesion (FA) proteins and the formation of aberrant FA structures adjacent to Abeta deposits. In the AD brain, activated FA proteins are observed associated with the majority of senile plaques. Clustered integrin receptors and activated paxillin (phosphorylated at Tyr-31) and focal adhesion kinase (phosphorylated at Tyr-297) are mainly detected in dystrophic neurites surrounding Abeta plaque cores, where they colocalize with hyperphosphorylated tau. Deletion experiments demonstrated that the presence of the LIM domains in the paxillin C terminus and the recruitment of the protein-Tyr phosphatase (PTP)-PEST to the FA complex are required for Abeta-induced neuronal dystrophy. Therefore, both paxillin and PTP-PEST appear to be critical elements in the generation of the dystrophic response. Paxillin is a scaffolding protein to which other FA proteins bind, leading to the formation of the FA contact and initiation of signaling cascades. PTP-PEST plays a key role in the dynamic regulation of focal adhesion contacts in response to extracellular cues. Thus, in the AD brain, fibrillar Abeta may induce neuronal dystrophy by triggering a maladaptive plastic response mediated by FA protein activation and tau hyperphosphorylation.
Multivariate statistical methods for modeling and analysis of wafer probe test data (2002)

Probe testing following wafer fabrication can produce extremely large amounts of data, which is often used to inspect a final product to determine if the product meets specifications. This data can be further utilized in studying the effects of the wafer fabrication process on the quality or yield of the wafers. Relationships among the parameters may provide valuable process information that can improve future production. This paper compares many methods of using the probe test data to determine the cause of low yield wafers. The methods discussed include two classes of traditional multivariate statistical methods, clustering and principal component methods and regression-based methods. These traditional methods are compared to a classification and regression tree (CART) method. The results for each method are presented. CART adequately fits the data and provides a "recipe" for avoiding low yield wafers and because CART is distribution-free there are no assumptions about the distributional properties of the data. CART is strongly recommended for analyzing wafer probe data.
Familial risk for lung cancer (2016)

Lung cancer, which has a low survival rate, is a leading cause of cancer-associated mortality worldwide. Smoking and air pollution are the major causes of lung cancer; however, numerous studies have demonstrated that genetic factors also contribute to the development of lung cancer. A family history of lung cancer increases the risk for the disease in both smokers and never-smokers. This review focuses on familial lung cancer, in particular on the familial aggregation of lung cancer. The development of familial lung cancer involves shared environmental and genetic factors among family members. Familial lung cancer represents a good model for investigating the association between environmental and genetic factors, as well as for identifying susceptibility genes for lung cancer. In addition, studies on familial lung cancer may help to elucidate the etiology and mechanism of lung cancer, and may identify novel biomarkers for early detection and diagnosis, targeted therapy and improved prevention strategies. This review presents the aetiology and molecular biology of lung cancer and then systematically introduces and discusses several aspects of familial lung cancer, including the characteristics of familial lung cancer, population-based studies on familial lung cancer and the genetics of familial lung cancer.
Left Ventricular Systolic Unloading and Augmentation of Intracoronary Pressure and Doppler Flow During Enhanced External Counterpulsation (2002)

EECP unequivocally and significantly increases diastolic and mean pressures and reduces systolic pressure in the central aorta and the coronary artery. Coronary artery flow, determined by both Doppler and angiographic techniques, is increased during EECP. The combined effects of systolic unloading and increased coronary perfusion pressure provide evidence that EECP may serve as a potential mechanical assist device.
Trends in Obesity and Severe Obesity Prevalence in US Youth and Adults by Sex and Age, 2007-2008 to 2015-2016 (2018)

Cynthia L. Ogden, PhD; Cheryl D. Fryar, MSPH; Craig M. Hales, MD; Margaret D. Carroll, MSPH; Yutaka Aoki, PhD; David S. Freedman, PhD
A second generation computer forensic analysis system (2009)

The architecture of existing – first generation – computer forensic tools, including the widely used EnCase and FTK products, is rapidly becoming outdated. Tools are not keeping pace with increased complexity and data volumes of modern investigations. This paper discuses the limitations of first generation computer forensic tools. Several metrics for measuring the efficacy and performance of computer forensic tools are introduced. A set of requirements for second generation tools are proposed. A high-level design for a (work in progress) second generation computer forensic analysis system is presented.
Properties of felodipine-poly(vinylpyrrolidone) solid dispersion films and the impact of solvents (2012)

Solid dispersions of felodipine in polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) K90 films were prepared by a solvent evaporation method using various volume ratios of dichloromethane (DM) and ethanol (E). Compared to the others, the solubility parameter of the binary mixtures of DM/E at 5/5 was most close to the solubility parameter of PVP. DSC analysis revealed a single glass transition temperature (Tg) of the felodipine/PVP films, suggesting that felodipine and PVP were miscible. As indicated by DSC and dynamic mechanical analysis, the Tg of the felodipine/PVP film prepared by using a DM/E of 5/5 was higher than those prepared using other DM/E ratios. This high Tg could reflect the high rigidity of this felodipine/PVP film and a high interaction between felodipine and PVP. Using this DM/E ratio, which is a good solvent for this system, the PVP chain elongation could be promoted and provided for a better interaction with felodipine. This strong interaction accounts for the felodipine/PVP film rigidity. Furthermore, according to the texture analysis, the felodipine/PVP film prepared by a DM/E of 5/5 gave the highest Young's modulus and indicated a high polymer chain rigidity. FTIR indicated an interaction of PVP and felodipine. According to the PXRD, all felodipine/PVP films were in the amorphous state and this amorphous state remained for more than 2 months. Thus a film prepared by a DM/E of 5/5 showed the highest stability of its amorphous state after being kept for 2 months.
Design and Synthesis of Polypyrazolyl Compounds as a New Type of Versatile Building Blocks<sup>†</sup> (2006)

Abstract The design and synthesis of novel polypyrazolyl aromatic bridging ligands 1,3,5‐tris(3,5‐dimethyl‐1 H ‐pyra‐ zol‐4‐yl)benzene and 2,4,6‐tris(4‐(3,5‐dimethyl‐1 H ‐pyrazol‐4‐yl)phenyl)‐1,3,5‐triazine from simple starting materials mesitylene and p‐tolunitrile were reported.
La medicina en tinta: una mirada a los inicios (2017)

La primera obra impresa en Cuba fue la Tarifa general de precios de medicinas labor del santiaguero Carlos Habre en el ano 1723. Si, la imprenta en nuestro pais surge al servicio de la Salud. Pero debido a que aquella no se convierte en un negocio rentable, varios de los documentos oficiales de la epoca debieron imprimirse en Mexico. La incipiente imprenta adquiere madurez y estabilidad por el ano 1790 gracias, entre otros factores, a la impresion bimensual del Papel Periodico de la Havana. Este tenia como objetivo dar a conocer los anhelos de la sociedad criolla convirtiendose, asi, en un testamento de la evolucion de lo cubano. Entre sus redactores figuraba, quien mas tarde se conoceria como el primer higienista cubano, Tomas Romay.
Postischemic Morphological Change In The Hippocampus Of The Gerbil By Scanning Electron Microscopy And Immunocytochemistry (2007)

Extract Extended abstract of a paper presented at Microscopy and Microanalysis 2007 in Ft. Lauderdale, Florida, USA, August 5 – August 9, 2007
Industry performance gradient indexes and market entrance: an empirical tool for market researchers (2005)

This paper examines the Industry Performance Gradient Index as an analytical tool for market researchers, specifically for screening markets for potential entrance. The identification of the Industry Performance Gradient Index as a market entrance tool is examined empirically in the Tennessee banking industry. This highlights the potential benefits of using the Index to identify potential profits from easily obtained data including: incumbent profits, market structure and output sensitivity to price changes in the market. An outline for employing this Index and additional uses for incumbent firms are also suggested.
Astragalus polysaccharides induced gene expression profiling of intraepithelial lymphocytes in immune-suppressed mice (2012)

Astragalus polysaccharides (APS) possess a variety of immunomodulatory activities, but the regulation on mucosal immunity is not fully understood. In this study, immune suppression in mice was induced with cyclophosphamide treatment and APS was used as an intervention and was administrated at dosages of 3 g/kg (APS HD) and 1.5 g/kg (APS LD). Intraepithelial lymphocytes (IELs) were isolated from the intestines. The mRNA expressions from IELs in different groups of mice were detected using gene expression microarray to explore the gene expression profile of IELs, and what are the unique pathways related to low and high dosage of APS.

	 

	Key words: Astragalus polysaccharides, mucosal immunity, intraepithelial lymphocytes, gene expression.
Performance evaluation of spectrum sharing technologies (2014)

We present a description of contemporary performance evaluation approaches for spectrum sharing technologies (including dynamic spectrum access (DSA)/cognitive radios (CR)), and the perspectives of stakeholders with respect to shortcomings and resultant delayed field transition impacts. The shortcomings are examined to generate a set of desirable new attributes for more capable test and evaluation (T&E) systems and methods. Ongoing research and development (R&D) using the DYnamic Spectrum Environment emulator (DYSE) aimed at addressing these DSA/CR T&E shortcomings is described including a radar-Long Term Evolution (LTE) network sharing example, a TV whitespace sharing example using 802.22, and a position/navigation/timing (PNT) example with shared RF sources for communications and PNT.
Purification and primary structure of a new bovine spermadhesin (2000)

Z13 is a new seminal plasma protein made up of two disulfide-linked 13-kDa subunits that was identified in our laboratory by 2D PAGE. In this report we present the purification of Z13 from bovine seminal plasma. In solution, the protein is a nonglycosylated dimer that presents one interchain disulfide bond and does not show heparin-binding properties. The complete primary structure and the localization of the S-S bridges are reported. The results suggest that Z13 is a new protein of the spermadhesin family whose members are thought to play a prominent role in different aspects of fertilization.
Saturated N-Heterocyclic CarbeneOxime and Amine Palladacycle Catalysis of the Mizoroki-Heckand the Suzuki Reactions (2003)

ortho-Palladated aryl oxime and amines with a N-heterocyclic carbene ligand show increased thermal stability and catalyze the Mizoroki-Heck and Suzuki reaction with high yields, and moderate TON (2,000-92,000) and TOF (200-4,300 h-1). Homo coupling of the aryl halides gave low yields of the biaryls in the presence of these catalysts.
Performance analysis of multiband OFDM for UWB communication (2005)

The frequency-hopping orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing (OFDM) proposal, known as multiband OFDM, is a strong contender for the physical layer IEEE standard for high-rate wireless personal area networks (WPANs) bused on ultra-wideband (UWB) transmission. In this paper we analyze the performance of the multiband OFDM proposal. To this end, we (a) study the channel model developed under IEEE 802.15 for UWB radio from a frequency-domain perspective suited for OFDM transmission, (b) develop and quantify the appropriate information-theoretic performance measures, (c) compare these measures with simulation results for multiband OFDM systems, and (d) consider the influence of practical, imperfect channel estimation on the performance.
Solar-blind deep-ultraviolet photodetectors based on an LaAlO_3 single crystal (2009)

Solar-blind deep-ultraviolet (DUV) photoconductive detectors based on an LaAlO(3) (LAO) single crystal with interdigitated electrodes are reported. The LAO detectors show a high sensitivity to DUV light with wavelengths less than 210 nm, and the DUV/UV (200 versus 290 nm) contrast ratio is more than 2 orders of magnitude. The photocurrent responsivity of LAO detector reaches 71.8 mA/W at 200 nm at 10 V bias, and the corresponding quantum efficiency eta is 44.6%. The noise current under sunlight at midday outdoors is only 77 pA. The experimental results indicate that the LAO detectors have attractive potential applications in DUV detection.
Investigation of ac-magnetic field stimulated nanoelectroporation of magneto-electric nano-drug-carrier inside CNS cells (2017)

In this research, we demonstrate cell uptake of magneto-electric nanoparticles (MENPs) through nanoelectroporation (NEP) using alternating current (ac)-magnetic field stimulation. Uptake of MENPs was confirmed using focused-ion-beam assisted transmission electron microscopy (FIB-TEM) and validated by a numerical simulation model. The NEP was performed in microglial (MG) brain cells, which are highly sensitive for neuro-viral infection and were selected as target for nano-neuro-therapeutics. When the ac-magnetic field optimized (60 Oe at 1 kHz), MENPs were taken up by MG cells without affecting cell health (viability > 92%). FIB-TEM analysis of porated MG cells confirmed the non-agglomerated distribution of MENPs inside the cell and no loss of their elemental and crystalline characteristics. The presented NEP method can be adopted as a part of future nanotherapeutics and nanoneurosurgery strategies where a high uptake of a nanomedicine is required for effective and timely treatment of brain diseases.
Passive mixing in a microchannel (2002)

Mixing of binary or multi-components fluid streams can be difficult in a microchannel, because it relies on diffusion. In the microscopic scale, it is not practical to use mechanical agitation. Therefore, a high performance passive mixing strategy needs to be introduced. In this paper, a study of the influence of a wider range of geometric parameters on passive mixing is reported. In respect to the nature of laminar flow in a microchannel, the geometric parameters were designed to favour lateral convection. Hence, the dispersion of the solutes was not only driven by diffusion, but also, and more importantly, by the convection in the lateral direction. Geometric parameters versus the mixing performance were simulated for T-type mixers using a computational fluid dynamic (CFD) solver for microfluidics. Preliminary experimental results are also presented. The shape of the obstacles used for passive mixing in the microchannels are compatible with current micromachining technology, and therefore, the optimised results can be applied to practical design of microfluidic devices.