gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Identification of B-KSR1, a Novel Brain-Specific Isoform of KSR1 That Functions in Neuronal Signaling (2000)

Kinase suppressor of Ras (KSR) is an evolutionarily conserved component of Ras-dependent signaling pathways. Here, we report the identification of B-KSR1, a novel splice variant of murine KSR1 that is highly expressed in brain-derived tissues. B-KSR1 protein is detectable in mouse brain throughout embryogenesis, is most abundant in adult forebrain neurons, and is complexed with activated mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) and MEK in brain tissues. Expression of B-KSR1 in PC12 cells resulted in accelerated nerve growth factor (NGF)-induced neuronal differentiation and detectable epidermal growth factor (EGF)-induced neurite outgrowth. Sustained MAPK activity was observed in cells stimulated with either NGF or EGF, and all effects on neurite outgrowth could be blocked by the MEK inhibitor PD98059. In B-KSR1-expressing cells, the MAPK-B-KSR1 interaction was inducible and correlated with MAPK activation, while the MEK-B-KSR1 interaction was constitutive. Further examination of the MEK-B-KSR1 interaction revealed that all genetically identified loss-of-function mutations in the catalytic domain severely diminished MEK binding. Moreover, B-KSR1 mutants defective in MEK binding were unable to augment neurite outgrowth. Together, these findings demonstrate the functional importance of MEK binding and indicate that B-KSR1 may function to transduce Ras-dependent signals that are required for neuronal differentiation or that are involved in the normal functioning of the mature central nervous system.
State-Society Relationship in Contemporary Rural China (1995)

The aim of this paper is to analyze one aspect of the relationship between state and rural society in comtemporary China. This paper argues how state power has reorganized rural society and reconstructed the control structure of it since decollectivization. The character of the new rural organization is to establish a village committee(cunmin weiyuanhui) which is an organization for the autonomy of each village. I will focus on the implementation of the state’s new way of governing rural society, and examine the state’s reach to society in the reform era. Relying on both secondary literature and my own field research data conducted in Hebei province, this paper makes note of the comtemporary state-society relationship as follows. (1) The function of the village as a governing unit for the state has been unchanged. (2) Though the state power seems to have retreated from the rural society as the reform policy proceeds, it continues to deeply intervene in it in another form by diffusing a standardized model of village autonomy. (3) While keeping the same connecting agents between state and rural society as before, the state tries to alter the relationship structure of state oraganization and rural society to promote market reform. These two directions are essentially imcompatible and may lead to problems both in the state’s control over rural society and in establishing institutions for a market economy.
Interaction of Ler at the <i>LEE5</i> ( <i>tir</i> ) Operon of Enteropathogenic <i>Escherichia coli</i> (2002)

The genome of enteropathogenic Escherichia coli (EPEC) encodes a global regulator, Ler (locus of enterocyte effacement [LEE]-encoded regulator), which activates expression of several polycistronic operons within the 35.6-kb LEE pathogenicity island, including the LEE2-LEE3 divergent operon pair containing overlapping -10 regions and the LEE5 (tir) operon. Ler is a predicted 15-kDa protein that exhibits amino acid similarity with the nucleoid protein H-NS. In order to study Ler-mediated activation of virulence operons in EPEC, we used a molecular approach to characterize the interactions of purified Ler protein with the upstream regulatory sequences of the LEE5 operon. We determined the cis-acting DNA sequences necessary for Ler binding at LEE5 by mobility shift and DNase I protection assays, demonstrating that Ler acts directly at LEE5 by binding sequences between positions -190 and -73 in relation to the transcriptional start site. Based on the molecular weight of Ler, the similarity to H-NS, and the extended region of protection observed in a DNase I footprint at LEE5, we hypothesized that multiple Ler proteins bind upstream of the LEE5 promoter to increase transcriptional activity from a distance. Using an hns deletion strain, we demonstrated that like the LEE2-LEE3 operon pair, H-NS represses LEE5 transcription. We describe a model in which Ler activates transcription at both divergent overlapping paired and single promoters by displacing H-NS, which results in the disruption of a repressing nucleoprotein complex.
DeepSim: deep learning code functional similarity (2018)

Measuring code similarity is fundamental for many software engineering tasks, e.g., code search, refactoring and reuse. However, most existing techniques focus on code syntactical similarity only, while measuring code functional similarity remains a challenging problem. In this paper, we propose a novel approach that encodes code control flow and data flow into a semantic matrix in which each element is a high dimensional sparse binary feature vector, and we design a new deep learning model that measures code functional similarity based on this representation. By concatenating hidden representations learned from a code pair, this new model transforms the problem of detecting functionally similar code to binary classification, which can effectively learn patterns between functionally similar code with very different syntactics.
Evaluation of comb-drive nickel micromirror for fiber optical communication (2002)

A novel nickel micromirror with an electrostatic comb-drive actuator has been developed. We evaluate both the optical and mechanical characteristics of the device. It is fabricated by nickel surface micromachining, which features a thick photoresist mold process and nickel electroplating. For the optical evaluation, the reflectance of the micromirror is estimated using a hemi-spherical-end fiber. For the mechanical evaluation, the frequency response and displacement against the driving voltage are measured by a fiber reflective filter, which is an etalon constructed between the flat-end fiber and the micromirror facet.
Suzuki—Miyaura Cross‐Coupling Reactions of Potassium Alkenyltrifluoroborates. (2003)

Abstract For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
From Bortezomib to other Inhibitors of the Proteasome and Beyond (2013)

The cancer drug discovery field has placed much emphasis on the identification of novel and cancer-specific molecular targets. A rich source of such targets for the design of novel anti-tumor agents is the ubiqutin-proteasome system (UP-S), a tightly regulated, highly specific pathway responsible for the vast majority of protein turnover within the cell. Because of its critical role in almost all cell processes that ensure normal cellular function, its inhibition at one point in time was deemed non-specific and therefore not worth further investigation as a molecular drug target. However, today the proteasome is one of the most promising anti-cancer drug targets of the century. The discovery that tumor cells are in fact more sensitive to proteasome inhibitors than normal cells indeed paved the way for the design of its inhibitors. Such efforts have led to bortezomib, the first FDA approved proteasome inhibitor now used as a frontline treatment for newly diagnosed multiple myeloma (MM), relapsed/refractory MM and mantle cell lymphoma. Though successful in improving clinical outcomes for patients with hematological malignancies, relapse often occurs in those who initially responded to bortezomib. Therefore, the acquisition of bortezomib resistance is a major issue with its therapy. Furthermore, some neuro-toxicities have been associated with bortezomib treatment and its efficacy in solid tumors is lacking. These observations have encouraged researchers to pursue the next generation of proteasome inhibitors, which would ideally overcome bortezomib resistance, have reduced toxicities and a broader range of anti-cancer activity. This review summarizes the success and limitations of bortezomib, and describes recent advances in the field, including, and most notably, the most recent FDA approval of carfilzomib in July, 2012, a second generation proteasome inhibitor. Other proteasome inhibitors currently in clinical trials and those that are currently experimental grade will also be discussed.
Identifying Infection Sources and Regions in Large Networks (2013)

Identifying the infection sources in a network, including the index cases that introduce a contagious disease into a population network, the servers that inject a computer virus into a computer network, or the individuals who started a rumor in a social network, plays a critical role in limiting the damage caused by the infection through timely quarantine of the sources. We consider the problem of estimating the infection sources and the infection regions (subsets of nodes infected by each source) in a network, based only on knowledge of which nodes are infected and their connections, and when the number of sources is unknown a priori. We derive estimators for the infection sources and their infection regions based on approximations of the infection sequences count. We prove that if there are at most two infection sources in a geometric tree, our estimator identifies the true source or sources with probability going to one as the number of infected nodes increases. When there are more than two infection sources, and when the maximum possible number of infection sources is known, we propose an algorithm with quadratic complexity to estimate the actual number and identities of the infection sources. Simulations on various kinds of networks, including tree networks, small-world networks and real world power grid networks, and tests on two real data sets are provided to verify the performance of our estimators.
Broadband omnidirectional helmet antennas (2006)

In this paper a new class of helmet antennas with omnidirectional pattern has been developed. Its radiation performance is considerably superior to that of conventional resonant whip antennas for terrestrial field applications over a much wider bandwidth and with more stable connectivity regardless of the wearer's body movement and orientation. In addition, the helmet antenna has other practical advantages over the whip antenna. Thus, this helmet antenna appears to be a viable solution for many real-world applications
Metal Ion Modeling Using Classical Mechanics (2017)

Metal ions play significant roles in numerous fields including chemistry, geochemistry, biochemistry, and materials science. With computational tools increasingly becoming important in chemical research, methods have emerged to effectively face the challenge of modeling metal ions in the gas, aqueous, and solid phases. Herein, we review both quantum and classical modeling strategies for metal ion-containing systems that have been developed over the past few decades. This Review focuses on classical metal ion modeling based on unpolarized models (including the nonbonded, bonded, cationic dummy atom, and combined models), polarizable models (e.g., the fluctuating charge, Drude oscillator, and the induced dipole models), the angular overlap model, and valence bond-based models. Quantum mechanical studies of metal ion-containing systems at the semiempirical, ab initio, and density functional levels of theory are reviewed as well with a particular focus on how these methods inform classical modeling efforts. Finally, conclusions and future prospects and directions are offered that will further enhance the classical modeling of metal ion-containing systems.
Liderança e coaching: desenvolvendo pessoas, recriando organizações (2015)

As constantes mudancas que ocorrem no mundo globalizado aumentam cada vez mais a competitividade nas organizacoes, exigindo delas inovacoes incessantes e a necessidade de se criar novas habilidades e atitudes que visem alcancar seus objetivos. Entre outras medidas adotadas para enfrentar o desafio da sobrevivencia no mercado, criar novas perspectivas de trabalho atraves de novos conhecimentos e habilidades passou a ser o diferencial nas organizacoes de sucesso. O foco atualmente e a pessoa, o ser humano. Surge entao um estudo que avalia a lideranca exercida atraves do processo coaching (treinador), uma ferramenta gerencial para as organizacoes. Este artigo pontua reflexoes sobre a lideranca, a figura do lider, destacando a importância do metodo coaching, com objetivo de criar novas perspectivas dentro das empresas. Para o desenvolvimento deste trabalho, optou-se pela pesquisa bibliografica.
分析的马克思主义在当代——威廉姆·H·肖教授访谈录 (2008)

美国圣荷塞州立大学哲学系威廉姆·H·肖（William H．Shaw）教授在上世纪80年代与英国的柯亨（G．A．Cohen）、北美的罗默（John E．Roemer）、爱尔斯特（Jon Elster）、伍德（Ellen M．Wood）、莱特（E．O．Wright）等著名学者共同开创了英语世界中分析学派的马克思主义研究，出版了一批影响广泛的重要著作，并组成了一个有着明确宗旨、纲领和活动规范的学术团体，该流派的异军突起遂成为西方马克思主义理论研究中的一道引入注目的景观。肖教授上个世纪80—90年代在英语世界重要学术刊物上发表了关于马克思主义研究的几十篇论文，他在1979年出版的《马克思的历史理论》（Marx’Theory on History）一书于1989年被译成中文，编入重庆出版社出版的“国外马克思主义研究丛书”，已为中国广大学者所熟悉。2007年7月25-29日，肖教授应邀参加吉林大学“哲学：基础理论与当代问题”国际学术研讨会，在会上发表了题为《马克思主义、商业道德、公司企业的社会责任》的演讲。会议期间，吉林大学哲学系师生邀请肖教授以“分析的马克思主义在当代”为题进行了专题访谈，这里刊发的即是此次访谈的记录，由沈亚生先生整理成文。文中“问”是吉林大学哲学系师生提出的问题，“答”则是肖教授做的回答。本文对于我们了解分析的马克思主义在当代的发展具有较好的参考价值。当然，肖教授的观点不无可商榷之处，我们刊发此文意在把马克思主义哲学研究中的一些重要问题引向深入，从而推动马克思主义哲学的发展。
Removing Roadblocks from SDN: OpenFlow Software Switch Performance on Intel DPDK (2013)

Software-Defined Networking (SDN) promises the vision of more flexible and manageable networks, but requires certain level of programmability in the data plane. Such a flexible, programmable data plane implementation is OpenFlow (OF) which these days is seen as primary model of SDN data plane. In this paper we focus on the limitations of OF in packet switching performance. We share some measurement results we collected using an OF 1.3 prototype based on Intel's Data Plane Development Kit (DPDK) and we also describe some optimization ideas. While OF 1.0 can be implemented on high-speed Ethernet switch hardware it has certain disadvantages in the area of flexibility. On the other hand OF 1.3 offers good-enough flexibility, but the poor performance of OF 1.3 implementations seems to represent a roadblock to SDN adoption. In this paper we argue that contrast to the common view, the overhead of flexibility is relatively low. We also argue that the apparent difference between a programmable data plane and a state of the art layered data plane is not primarily due to flexibility itself, but because the lack of optimization in case of flexible implementations.
Strain Estimates for Small-Ring Cyclic Allenes and Butatrienes (2006)

Isodesmic and homodesmic equations at the B3LYP/6-311+G(d,p)+ZPVE level of theory have been used to estimate strain for the homologous series of cyclic allenes and cyclic butatrienes. A simple fragment deformation approach also has been applied and appears to work better for the larger rings. For the cyclic allene series, estimates for allene functional group strain (kcal/mol) include: 1,2-cyclobutadiene, 65; 1,2-cyclopentadiene, 51; 1,2-cyclohexadiene, 32; 1,2-cycloheptadiene, 14; 1,2-cyclooctadiene, 5; 1,2-cyclononadiene, 2; 1,2,4-cyclohexatriene, 34; and bicyclo[3.2.1]octa-2,3-diene, 39. For cyclic butatrienes, functional group strain estimates include: 1,2,3-cyclobutatriene, >100; 1,2,3-cyclopentatriene, 80; 1,2,3-cyclohexatriene, 50; 1,2,3-cycloheptatriene, 26; 1,2,3-cyclooctatriene, 17; and 1,2,3-cyclononatriene, 4. Barriers to interconversion of enantiomers in cyclic allenes are reduced with increasing strain. Newly predicted values include: 1,2-cyclopentadiene <1 kcal/mol and bicyclo[3.2.1]octa-2,3-diene, 7.4 kcal/mol. Estimated levels of strain parallel the known reactivity of these substances.
In vitro propagation of human hepatitis B virus in a rat hepatoma cell line. (1989)

A rat hepatoma cell line (Q7) of Morris hepatoma origin was transfected with a construct containing the tandem dimer genome of human hepatitis B virus (HBV) and the neomycin-resistant selection marker. The culture medium of several neomycin-resistant single-cell clones was found to accumulate high levels of secreted HBV surface antigen and core-related e antigen. HBV-specific replication intermediates, including relaxed circular and single-stranded DNA with a minus-strand polarity, could be found in both the intracellular fraction and the extracellular culture medium by the Southern blot procedure. One of these clones, designated Q7 HBV-21, was characterized in further detail. DNA polymerase activity was present in the virus particles produced by Q7 HBV-21 cells. Characteristic transcripts of HBV, including the 3.5-, 2.5-, and 2.1-kilobase mRNA as well as a core-gene-related transcript of 2.2 kilobases could be detected. Electron microscopic examination of the conditioned medium from Q7 HBV-21 cells identified 42-nm Dane-like particles as well as 22-nm subviral particles with a spherical or filamentous shape. This Q7 HBV-21 cell line has been maintained in the absence of neomycin for 1 year without losing the properties of HBV DNA replication and Dane-like particle production. Our results strongly suggest that the species barrier of HBV infection is at an early step of viral absorption onto or penetration into the target hepatocytes. This nonhuman system for HBV production in culture could be used to complement the human HepG2 system.
J&L公司的Chatter Box服务器 (1995)

大多数大型网络具有数十台服 务器,用于处理几十种任务,包括远程访问、文件与打印机共享、传真及电子邮件。但是,多台服务器的费用及占地面积将使你紧缩投资预算,并缩小建筑场地的空间。 选购J＆J ChatterBox,你能在一个包装盒里完成所有的服务器应用任务。由于具备强大的管理软件以及大量功能超群的处理器卡,ChatterBox成为通信服务器市场的主力军。然而,与Cubix ERS/FT Ⅱ(参见前文)相比,ChatterBox的价格要高出一大截。例如,在我们的测试配置中,费用超过了33000美元。
A high-capacity Li[Ni<sub>0.8</sub>Co<sub>0.06</sub>Mn<sub>0.14</sub>]O<sub>2</sub>positive electrode with a dual concentration gradient for next-generation lithium-ion batteries (2015)

The high stability of the outer surface composition in dual concentration gradient Li[Ni<sub>0.64</sub>Co<sub>0.06</sub>Mn<sub>0.30</sub>]O<sub>2</sub>is responsible for reduced resistances by decreasing the electrolyte reaction.
Mitigating Drain Source Voltage Oscillation with Low Switching Losses for SiC Power MOSFETs Using FPGA-Controlled Active Gate Driver (2020)

In order to improve the switching performance of SiC MOSFETs at turn-off, the drain-source voltage oscillation should be mitigated with low switching losses. To achieve this improvement, an approach, which uses an FPGA-controlled active gate driver with two level switchable gate resistances, is investigated and presented in this paper. To ensure the performance of this approach for varying operating points in a wide range, three methods are shown and compared to find the best solution.
Address of the editor-in-chief prof. I.P. Mazur (2023)

No abstract
X-linked hypophosphatemia (2022)

X-linked hypophosphatemia is a common cause of metabolic rickets in children in this country. The gene defect is localized to the Xp22 region in man. Research into this disorder has been enhanced by the discovery of a mutant gene named Hyp on the X chromosome of mice that produces a syndrome similar to the human disease. These mutant genes in humans and mice alike result in low renal tubular reabsorption of phosphate, rickets, and osteomalacia. The renal synthesis of 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D is unresponsive to low phosphate stimuli in both. A second mutant gene on the X chromosome of mice, Gy, also causes low renal tubular reabsorption of phosphate. The underlying defects in both the human disease and the mouse models are unknown. The availability of these murine models should advance our understanding of this clinical disorder and provide an environment for the testing of novel therapies.
Biochemistry and physiology of the skin (1991)

This is the first comprehensive, up-to-date review of the skin's basic biological properties since Rothman's The Physiology and Biochemistry of the Skin, published over 30 years ago. The recognized contributors discuss a wide range of subjects, including the structure, function and development of the skin; control and repair mechanisms; mechanisms of skin disease; effects of radiation; and biophysical properties.
Chinese text classification based on tensor space model (2010)

In this paper,a Chinese text categorization method based on tensor space model is proposed in view of the complex preprocessor and dimension disasters of high-dimensional data caused by traditional vector space model.It uses the three-order tensor to express the text sets,and expands the k-nearest neighbors(kNN) classifier based on vector to the one based on tensor.This method simplifies the preprocessor,increases the precision level,and makes it possible to apply more tensor methods to Chinese text categorization.The results show the this method possesses higher categorization precision and practical value.
Resorbable calcium phosphate particles as a carrier material for bone marrow in an ovine segmental defect (2000)

Resorbable calcium phosphate ceramics are only osteoconductive; therefore, their combination with osteogenic substances may lead to stimulation of bone healing. In the present study this combination, using autologous bone marrow, was investigated. In 31 sheep, a 3-cm tibial segmental defect was created and stabilized with an intramedullary nail. The animals were divided into four groups: empty defects (group 1, n = 7), and defects filled with 10-mL dense resorbable calcium phosphate particles (group 2, n = 8), with 10-mL particles soaked in bone marrow (group 3, n = 8), or with 10-mL autologous bone (group 4, n = 8). On evaluation after 12 weeks, significantly higher values were seen in group 3 than in group 2 for callus volume (p = .016), bone mineral density ratio (p = .03), bone mineral content ratio (p = .04), torsional strength (p = .005), and torsional stiffness (p = .01). For all end points, the outcome of group 3 was lower than that of group 4. In the histology, there was direct contact between newly formed bone and remnants of the particles. There were no signs of inflammatory reactions. Although a stimulatory effect of bone marrow was seen, the combination of resorbable calcium phosphate particles with bone marrow does not provide an alternative for autologous bone grafting.
How low can STED go? Comparison of different write-erase beam combinations for stimulated emission depletion microscopy (2012)

We compare different beam combinations for stimulated emission depletion microscopy. The four considered copolarized, mutually symmetric, but complementary write + erase beam combinations are circularly polarized beam + circularly polarized vortex with charge +1 or -1, azimuthally polarized with a vortex + azimuthally polarized, and radially polarized beam + radially polarized with a vortex. The resulting fluorescent spot was calculated for plane incident pump and erase beams, for plane waves with added high NA annular ring apertures, and when both incident beams were optimized with amplitude-phase masks. For all three incident wave cases, the azimuthal polarization combination consistently produces spots 15%-30% smaller than the commonly used, circularly polarized light combination (the first from above). The two other polarization combinations produce even smaller, of the order of nanometers/0.003λ, fluorescent spots with a caveat of having nonzero erase beam intensity in the center. Nevertheless, these combinations can be advantageous when exploiting PF, i.e., using molecules that respond solely to the longitudinal (or only to transversal) component of the illuminating field.