gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
CMOS Implementation of Switching Lattices (2020)

Switching lattices consisting of four-terminal switches are introduced as area-efficient structures to realize logic functions. Many optimization algorithms have been proposed, including exact ones, realizing logic functions on lattices with the fewest number of four-terminal switches, as well as heuristic ones. Hence, the computing potential of switching lattices has been justified adequately in the literature. However, the same thing cannot be said for their physical implementation. There have been conceptual ideas for the technology development of switching lattices, but no concrete and directly applicable technology has been proposed yet. In this study, we show that switching lattices can be directly and efficiently implemented using a standard CMOS process. To realize a given logic function on a switching lattice, we propose static and dynamic logic solutions. The proposed circuits as well as the compared conventional ones are designed and simulated in the Cadence environment using TSMC 65nm CMOS process. Experimental post layout results on logic functions show that switching lattices occupy much smaller area than those of the conventional CMOS implementations, while they have competitive delay and power consumption values.
Evaluation of mixed solvent electrolytes for ambient temperature secondary lithium cells (1988)

The ethylene carbonate/2-methyltetrahydrofuran (EC/2-MeTHF) mixed-solvent electrolyte has been experimentally found to possess many desirable electrolyte characteristics for ambient-temperature secondary Li-TiS2 cell applications. As many as 300 cycles have been demonstrated, and a cycling efficiency figure-of-merit of 38.5 percent, for 10-percent EC/90-percent MeTHF mixed-solvent electrolyte in experimental Li-TiS2 cells. The improved performance of this electrolyte is attributable to the formation of a beneficial passivating film on the Li electrode by interaction with the EC.
Rapid 3D nanoprinting utilizing spatiotemporal focusing (2021)

Multiphoton polymerization has become a standard for 3D nanofabrication for its superior resolution and processing steps. However, it is often considered limited in its throughput capabilities, resulting in a desire for a more scalable process. An improvement to the speed of 3D nanoprinting via multiphoton polymerization can be achieved through a projection-based method instead of the traditionally serial printing process. Here a printing process using a digital micro-mirror device and spatiotemporal focusing scheme demonstrates a rapid, continuous 3D printing process.
N-Heterocyclic carbenes in gold catalysis (2008)

The appealing properties of N-heterocyclic carbenes (NHC) as ancillary ligands and the high potential of gold as an organometallic catalyst have made their encounter inevitable. Still in its infancy, NHC-gold catalysis is nevertheless growing rapidly. In this tutorial review, catalytic transformations involving NHC-containing gold(I) and gold(III) complexes are presented. Particular attention is drawn to the versatility and selectivity of these catalysts.
A Machine Learning-Based System for Predicting Service-Level Failures in Supply Chains (2021)

Despite advanced supply chain planning and execution systems, manufacturers and distributors tend to observe service levels below their targets, owing to different sources of uncertainty and risks. These risks, such as drastic changes in demand, machine failures, or systems not properly configured, can lead to planning or execution issues in the supply chain. It is too expensive to have planners continually track all situations at a granular level to ensure that no deviations or configuration problems occur. We present a machine learning system that predicts service-level failures a few weeks in advance and alerts the planners. The system includes a user interface that explains the alerts and helps to identify failure fixes. We conducted this research in cooperation with Michelin. Through experiments carried out over the course of four phases, we confirmed that machine learning can help predict service-level failures. In our last experiment, planners were able to use these predictions to make adjustments on tires for which failures were predicted, resulting in an improvement in the service level of 10 percentage points. Additionally, the system enabled planners to identify recurrent issues in their supply chain, such as safety-stock computation problems, impacting the overall supply chain efficiency. The proposed system showcases the importance of reducing the silos in supply chain management.
The IL-15 superagonist ALT-803 enhances anti-CD20 antibody-directed NK cell ADCC and in vivo clearance of B cell lymphomas (2014)

Meeting abstracts NK cells are innate lymphoid cells that mediate potent anti-tumor responses against B cell malignancies in conjunction with anti-CD20 mAbs. ALT-803 is a superagonist IL-15 and dimeric IL-15Rα-IgG-Fc fusion protein that effectively trans-presents IL-15 and exhibits prolonged in
<title>Three-degree-of-freedom adaptive-passive isolator for launch vehicle payloads</title> (2000)

Payloads are attached to launch vehicles by structural adapters known as Payload Adapter Fittings (PAF). The adapters are substantially rigid; therefore, the launch vehicle vibration is transmitted without isolation to the payloads. The payload cost includes a substantial component for provision to withstand the severe launch vibration environment. In this paper, a novel three degree-of-freedom isolation system built in the footprint and within the existing PAFs is presented. The vibration isolator consists of a mechanical constraining mechanism that prevents the rotation of the payload relative to the launch vehicle in both rocking rotation and rotation about the long axis of the launch vehicle. The above rotational motion restraining mechanism would therefore only allow axial and lateral vibration of the payload relative to the launch vehicle. The second major component of the system consists of isolation components that are used to reduce vibration in the latter to directions, i.e., in the axial and the lateral directions. The proposed isolating payload adapter fitting also has a stand-alone thrust-support preload adjustment component that adjusts for the varying quasi-static acceleration seen in different flight regimes in a passive- adaptive control mode. The advocated isolation system is structurally modular and parameterizable such that a range of launch vehicle platforms could be accommodated. Through the utilization of the advocated isolating payload adapter fitting, a fifty percent reduction in vibration transmission is achieved at 10 Hz in the axial direction and 20 Hz in the lateral directions. A 40 db reduction is achieved at frequencies above 100 Hz. Active actuating elements may easily be included in the prosed design to attain an active isolation unit.
Influence of Ionomer Content in Catalyst Layers on Direct Methanol Fuel Cell Performance (1999)

The ionomer content in catalyst layers has a marked influence on direct methanol fuel cell (DMFC) performance. In an anode which contains unsupported PtRu as the catalyst, the recast ionomer may not always be necessary because the protonic conductivity of hydrous RuOx, the presence of which is inferred from the X‐ray diffraction pattern, may be sufficient to allow effective utilization of catalyst sites. To examine interpenetration of catalyst and membrane material as a possible explanation for the lack of an apparent need of added ionomer, ultramicrotomed thin sections of the membrane‐electrode assembly (MEA) were examined by scanning electron microscopy. Microscopic examination of such MEA cross sections revealed significant porosity in layers made by mixing unsupported catalysts with recast ionomer. Images of such sections did not reveal significant interpenetration, supporting the interpretation that hydrous RuOx may by itself provide sufficient protonic conductivity in PtRu catalyst layers prepared with no added ionomer. In contrast we show that the presence of recast ionomer in DMFC cathodes based on unsupported Pt as the catalyst is essential for optimum DMFC performance, because the recast ionomer is the primary source of protonic conductivity in the latter case. Having shown its potential function as proton conductor, we stress that Ru oxide is apparently not the key for maximizing DMFC anodic activity. © 1999 The Electrochemical Society. All rights reserved.
Parametric model for audiovisual quality assessment in IPTV: ITU-T Rec. P.1201.2 (2013)

A parametric packet-based model has been created to estimate user perceived audiovisual quality of Internet Protocol Television (IPTV) services. It is divided into three modules, for audio, video and audiovisual quality. The model is applicable to the quality monitoring of encrypted and non-encrypted audiovisual streams. Typical audio and video degradations for IPTV are covered for Standard Definition (SD) and High Definition (HD) video formats. The model supports the H.264 video codec and the audio codecs MPEG-I Layer II, MPEG-2 AAC-LC, MPEG-4 HE-AACv2 and AC3. It handles various types of IP-network layer transmission errors. The model was developed and validated using a large database of subjective tests. The underlying concept is based on an impairment factor approach, which enables detection of how users build their individual judgment of quality of a given audiovisual signal. Each impairment factor captures the perceived quality impact of a possible degradation and therefore enables diagnostic analysis of quality problems. The model shows high performance results, both in terms of Pearson's Correlation coefficient (r) and Root-Mean-Square-Error (RMSE). The model is standardized as ITU-T Recommendation P.1201.2, the higher resolution (IPTV and Video on Demand (VoD)) algorithm of Recommendation P.1201.
Energy and Timing Response of Six Prototype Scintillators for TOF-PET (2008)

The recent development of fast scintillating crystals with high light output (such as LaBr <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3</sub> , LYSO, and LSO) has made it possible to incorporate time-of-flight information into whole-body positron emission tomography scanners (TOF-PET). The development of fast scintillators has continued, and scintillators such as CeBr <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3</sub> and the six crystals we report on here are candidates for future TOF-PET scanners. We have performed preliminary tests on six prototype scintillating crystals composed of YI <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3</sub> (2% Ce), (Lu,Gd)I <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3</sub> (2% Ce), Lul <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3</sub> (10% Ce), Lul <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3</sub> (5% Ce), Lul <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3</sub> (2% Ce), and Ce(Br,Cl) <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3</sub> . The crystals were coupled to a PMT to observe 511 keV photons produced by positron captures in a <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">22</sup> Na point source. A LaBr <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3</sub> coincidence detector was used in order to make timing resolution measurements. The prototype samples had a range of timing resolutions from 160 ps to 250 ps (FWHM). Ce(Br,Cl) <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3</sub> was found to have the best timing resolution, with 160 ps, followed by Lul <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3</sub> (2% Ce) with 180 ps. These results are competitive with the 160 ps we observed for a pair of LaBr <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3</sub> crystals in coincidence with each other. The 2% Ce doped Lul <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3</sub> sample was found to have the best overall energy response, with an energy resolution (FWHM) of 6% at 511 keV. Energy resolution and light yield measurements are presented for each of the crystals.
Finite Element Modeling and Analysis of CMOS-SAW Sensors (2010)

Finite element modeling and performance analysis of Surface Acoustic Wave (SAW) devices that are developed in CMOS (Complementary Metal Oxide Semiconductor) technology are presented. CMOS-SAW devices were designed, fabricated and characterized as a biosensor for breast cancer biomarker detection. A detailed 3D model with 18 CMOS layers and a structured finite element (FE) analyses methodology are laid out to extract the acoustic behavior of the substrate and the piezoelectric material of interest, zinc oxide (ZnO). A three-step analysis encompassing modal, harmonic and transient simulations is detailed. Experimental characterization results for the fabricated CMOS-SAW devices with operating frequency of 322.7 MHz show close agreement to the FE simulations with only 0.8 % deviations for operation frequency. Displacement and stress/strain maps for wave propagation are also presented. The results demonstrate that commercial FEM toolsets can provide valuable insight into understanding acousto-electric interactions and wave characteristics or can readily be used for accurate design parameter extraction through reliable pre-fabrication simulation of SAW device performance.
DECOR (2009)

Network management operations are complicated, tedious and error-prone, requiring significant human involvement and expert knowledge. In this paper, we first examine the fundamental components of management operations and argue that the lack of automation is due to a lack of programmability at the right level of abstraction. To address this challenge, we present DECOR, a database-oriented, declarative framework towards automated network management. DECOR models router configuration and any generic network status as relational data in a conceptually centralized database. As such, network management operations can be represented as a series of transactional database queries, which provide the benefit of atomicity, consistency and isolation. The rule-based language in DECOR provides the flexible programmability to specify and enforce network-wide management constraints, and achieve high-level task scheduling. We describe the design rationale and architecture of DECOR and present some preliminary examples applying our approach to common network management tasks.
A Novel Way to Induce Erythroid Progenitor Self Renewal: Cooperation of c-Kit with the Erythropoietin Receptor (1999)

Red blood cells are of vital importance for oxygen transport in vertebrates. Thus, their formation during development and homeostasis requires tight control of both progenitor proliferation and terminal red cell differentiation. Self renewal (i.e. long-term proliferation without differentiation) of committed erythroid progenitors has recently been shown to contribute to this regulation. Avian erythroid progenitors expressing the EGF receptor/c-ErbB (SCF/TGFalpha progenitors) can be induced to long-term proliferation by the c-ErbB ligand transforming growth factor alpha and the steroids estradiol and dexamethasone. These progenitors have not yet been described in mammals and their factor requirements are untypical for adult erythroid progenitors. Here we describe a second, distinct type of erythroid progenitor (EpoR progenitors) which can be established from freshly isolated bone marrow and is induced to self renew by ligands relevant for erythropoiesis, i.e. erythropoietin, stem cell factor, the ligand for c-Kit and the glucocorticoid receptor ligand dexamethasone. Limiting dilution cloning indicates that these EpoR progenitors are derived from normal BFU-E/CFU-E. For a detailed study, mEpoR progenitors were generated by retroviral expression of the murine Epo receptor in bone marrow erythroblasts. These progenitors carry out the normal erythroid differentiation program in recombinant differentiation factors only. We show that mEpoR progenitors are more mature than SCF/TGFalpha progenitors and also do no longer respond to transforming growth factor alpha and estradiol. In contrast they are now highly sensitive to low levels of thyroid hormone, facilitating their terminal maturation into erythrocytes.
A single-blind n-of-1 study evaluating 4 different doses of phenytoin in a topical analgesic cream for the treatment of peripheral neuropathic pain. (2018)

A topical formulation containing phenytoin has been evaluated in a single-blind N-of-1 study in a patient suffering from pain due to small fiber neuropathy. In this placebo controlled study, we evaluated the safety and efficacy of 4 different concentrations of phenytoin: 5%, 10%, 15% and 20%, compounded in a neutral cream. Subsequently, an open re-test phase followed. In both phases of the study phenytoin 20% cream was preferred by the patient. The phenytoin 20% cream was superior in the duration of analgesic effect compared to the other concentrations and placebo. There were no side effects reported.
New developments in femtosecond laser corneal refractive surgery (2007)

Studies on corneal surgery and flap processing on enucleated porcine eyes have been performed using a dedicated femtosecond laser source based on Ytterbium technology. The influence of several laser parameters such as wavelength, energy, repetition rate and numerical aperture has been studied. Best parameters for ocular femtosecond laser surgery are discussed in terms of process efficiency and safety aspects. The 100 KHz laser system is a promising tool for corneal surgery
Efficient Isobar Suppression by Photodetachment in a RF Quadrupole Ion Cooler (2009)

A highly efficient method for suppressing isobar contaminants in negative radioactive ion beams by photodetachment is demonstrated. A laser beam having the appropriate photon energy is used to selectively neutralize the contaminant if the electron affinity of the contaminant is lower than the electron affinity of the desired radioactive ions. The photodetachment efficiency can be dramatically increased when the laser‐ion interaction is made inside a radio frequency quadrupole ion beam cooler where the ion residence time can be a few milliseconds. In off‐line experiments with ion beams of stable isotopes, more than 99.9% suppression of S− and O− ions by photodetachment has been obtained. These ions would be the contaminants of desired beams of Cl− and F−, respectively. Under similar conditions no reduction in Cl− and F− ions was observed. The off‐line results demonstrate the potential of this technique for on‐line purification of a number of interesting radioactive beams and possible applications in accelerator mass spectrometry.
Kinetics of the C-Axis Aligned YBa2Cu3O7 Thick Film By a BaF2 Process (1998)

Abstract Over the last few years, considerable efforts have been made in developing fabrication processes for thick superconducting YBa2Cu3O7-δ film on a metallic substrate for electric power applications. Since these applications require the composite tape to be longer than 4-500m, any methods chosen need to be compatible with such length requirement. One possible approach is the so-called BaF2 process which involves deposition of a unreacted mixture of a BaF2-Y-Cu-O layer on a substrate by an electron beam evaporation method, followed by heat-treatment of the layer in a mixed-gas atmosphere of a low partial pressure O2, saturated H2O, and N2. Although it was shown previously that c-axis aligned films up to ∼ I m long can be produced under these conditions it is uncertain how thick the films can be made and this is of crucial importance as most applications require film thickness to be greater than ∼5μm to carry a large, dissipationless current.
ASFV Gene A151R Is Involved in the Process of Virulence in Domestic Swine (2022)

African swine fever virus (ASFV) is the etiological agent of a swine pandemic affecting a large geographical area extending from Central Europe to Asia. The viral disease was also recently identified in the Dominican Republic and Haiti. ASFV is a structurally complex virus with a large dsDNA genome that encodes for more than 150 genes. Most of these genes have not been experimentally characterized. One of these genes, A151R, encodes for a nonstructural protein and has been reported to be required for the replication of a Vero-cell-adapted ASFV strain. Here, we evaluated the role of the A151R gene in the context of the highly virulent field isolate Georgia 2010 (ASFV-G) during virus replication in swine macrophage cell cultures and during experimental infection in swine. We show that the recombinant virus ASFV-G-∆A151R, harboring a deletion of the A151R gene, replicated in swine macrophage cultures as efficiently as the parental virus ASFV-G, indicating that the A151R gene is not required for ASFV replication in swine macrophages. Interestingly, experimental infection of domestic pigs demonstrated that ASFV-G-∆A151R had a decreased replication rate and produced a drastic reduction in virus virulence. Animals were intramuscularly inoculated with 10<sup>2</sup> HAD<sub>50</sub> of ASFV-G-∆A151R and compared with pigs receiving a similar dose of virulent ASFV-G. All ASFV-G-infected pigs developed an acute lethal form of the disease, while those inoculated with ASFV-G-∆A151R remained healthy during the 28-day observational period, with the exception of only one showing a protracted, but fatal, form of the disease. All ASFV-G-∆A151R surviving animals presented protracted viremias with lower virus titers than those detected in ASFV-G-infected animals. In addition, three out of the four animals surviving the infection with ASFV-G-∆A151R were protected against the challenge with the virulent parental virus ASFV-G. This is the first report indicating that the ASFV A151R gene is involved in virus virulence in domestic swine, suggesting that its deletion may be used to increase the safety profile of currently experimental vaccines.
Suppressing transmitter intermodulations with Channelized Active Noise Elimination (CANE) (2015)

The linearity of a RF transmitter must often be traded off with its efficiency. High efficiency operation often requires the transmitter to operate in a deep saturation or a switching-mode state. The non-linear distortion components of the signal such as the Third-Order Intermodulation (IM3) terms are the primary causes of the increased Error Vector Magnitude (EVM) and Adjacent Channel Power Ratio (ACPR) level and poorer transmitted signal integrity. In this paper, we proposed a digitally enhanced technique to suppress the intermodulation terms in the output of the power amplifiers (PAs), which is called Channelized Active Noise Elimination (CANE) technique. CANE utilizes the combining of multiple PA channels driven with digitally delayed baseband signal to form an active FIR filter. The rejection band of the FIR filter can be placed where the IM3 appears to realize intermodulation suppression. Similar idea can also be extended to a multi-carrier RF system, with multiple software defined filters formed for different carriers on the same set of hardware. Measurements have shown about 17dB IM3 suppression for a single carrier and 10dB IM3 suppression for a two-carrier signal.