gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Combined KHFAC + DC nerve block without onset or reduced nerve conductivity after block (2014)

The distal application of CBDC can significantly reduce or even completely prevent the KHFAC onset response without a change in nerve conductivity.
Ocular Hypotensive Effects of L-Arginine and its Derivatives and Their Actions on Ocular Blood Flow (1995)

Effects of L-arginine and some related compounds on the intraocular pressure recovery (IOPR) and ocular blood flow in rabbits had been studied. It was found that L-arginine (RVC-579) and N alpha-benzoyl-L-arginine ethyl ester (RVC-578) delayed the IOPR markedly: The IOPR of the contralateral non-treated eye was delayed to the same extent as the treated eye. The effects of closely related congeners L-(+)-canavanine (RVC-581) and L-homoarginine (RVC-580) on the IOPR were qualitatively similar to RVC-579 and RVC-578 but less effective. RVC-578 was found to increase the blood flow significantly in ciliary body, retina and choroid. On the other hand, NG-nitro-L-arginine, a nitric oxide (NO) synthase inhibitor, reduced the blood flow in choroid at 60 and 120 min after drug administration and did not increase the blood flow in iris, ciliary body and retina. These results indicate that L-arginine and its derivative are capable of lowering the IOP possibly through the formation of nitric oxide to relax the blood vessel and to reduce the IOP as a result.
Clinical characterization and genetic analysis of Korean patients with X‐linked Charcot‐Marie‐Tooth disease type 1 (2017)

Mutations in the gap junction protein beta 1 gene (GJB1) cause X-linked Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease type 1 (CMTX1). CMTX1 is representative of the intermediate type of CMT, having both demyelinating and axonal neuropathic features. We analyzed the clinical and genetic characterization of 128 patients with CMTX1 from 63 unrelated families. Genetic analysis revealed a total of 43 mutations including 6 novel mutations. Ten mutations were found from two or more unrelated families. p.V95M was most frequently observed. The frequency of CMTX1 was 9.6% of total Korean CMT family and was 14.8% when calculated within genetically identified cases. Among 67 male and 61 female patients, 22 females were asymptomatic. A high-arched foot, ataxia, and tremor were observed in 87%, 41%, and 35% of the patients, respectively. In the male patients, functional disability scale, CMT neuropathy score, and compound muscle action potential of the median/ulnar nerves were more severely affected than in the female patients. This study provides a comprehensive summary of the clinical features and spectrum of GJB1 gene mutations in Korean CMTX1 patients.
Improved composite material and method for production of improved composite material (1994)

A laminated composite material with improved interlaminar strength and damage tolerance having short rods distributed evenly throughout the composite material perpendicular to the laminae is introduced. Each rod is shorter than the thickness of the finished laminate, but several times as long as the thickness of each lamina. The laminate is made by inserting short rods in layers of prepreg material, and then stacking and curing prepreg material with rods inserted therethrough.
Sulphur-containing dinuclear rhodium complexes as catalyst precursors for the selective hydroformylation of alkenes (1983)

Dinuclear thiolato bridged complexes, particularly [Rh2(µ-SBut)2(CO)2{P(OMe)3}2], catalyse the hydroformylation of hex-1-ene at low pressure and temperature to afford selectively and with high turnover rates the corresponding aldehydes.
A Magnetic Feedback Method for Low-Voltage CMOS LNA Reverse-Isolation Enhancement (2008)

A magnetic feedback method for enhancing the reverse isolation of low-voltage (1.2-V), single-transistor CMOS low-noise amplifiers (LNAs) is presented. The method neutralizes the gate-drain overlap capacitance of the amplifying transistor, allowing for adequate reverse isolation without gain reduction. The method does not require a differential LNA topology and input matching is facilitated since the degeneration inductor is not a part of a magnetic feedback loop. In addition, it allows for neutralizing the intrinsic part of the parasitic capacitance, which cannot be neglected in short-channel devices. Simulation results utilizing a standard 0.18-m CMOS process indicate a 17-29-dB improvement in the reverse-isolation performance with minimal noise figure deterioration.
Sample Tube pH Monitoring via Passive Powering and Communication (2019)

This paper presents the application of a simple, inductively-coupled potentiometric pH measurement system into the cap of standard laboratory sample tubes, thus enabling continuous, wireless monitoring of a bevy of samples. The system is powered by a compact Class E amplifier using inductive coupling via a designed resonance frequency of 1 MHz. Signals are transmitted back via load modulation at frequencies a fraction of the power carrier frequency, thus allowing for extraction of the signal frequency. Results are demonstrated which clearly show that modulation frequency tracks closely with open circuit potential, and the system as a whole features good sensitivity and linearity. This system holds promise for a host of applications.
Static-Electric Field Induction by a Silicone Cushion for the Treatment of Hypertrophic and Keloid Scars (1998)

Silicone gel and silicone occlusive sheeting are widely used at present for the treatment of hypertrophic and keloid scars, without any scientific explanation as to their mode of action. In a recent paper the possibility was raised that static electricity generated by friction-activated silicone sheeting could be the reason for this effect, and that it can, with time, cause involution of hypertrophic and keloid scars. The objective of this study was to test this hypothesis and to observe whether a continuous and also an increased negatively charged static-electric field will shorten the treatment period. A device to implement these requirements gradually evolved over a 5-year period. A number of prototypes were tested until the final product was attained. Some of the patients in this study were treated initially with a silicone sponge inserted in the cushion. Later this version was changed to the final design described herein. A silicone cushion was developed with the purpose of increasing a negative static-electric charge to accelerate the regression process. The cushion is custom-made using a silicone occlusive sheeting envelope of 0.75-mm thickness, which does not deteriorate with use, and is partially filled with high viscosity silicone oil. Its edges are sealed, and its size is designed to extend a little beyond the scarred area. Static electricity readings, generated by activating the cushion by pumping action with the fingers, stretching or deforming the cushion, are invariably much higher when compared with those obtained with silicone occlusive sheeting and silicone gel sheeting. The interaction between the negatively charged ions of the cushion and the ionic charges of the tissue fluids may be the critical factor in achieving hypertrophic and keloid scars involution. Of the 30 patients enrolled in the study, 3 patients dropped out. Treatment with the silicone cushions yielded 63.3 percent cessation of itching and burning followed by pallor and flattening of the scar, some markedly so, over a few weeks to 6-month period. An additional 26.6 percent had their scars resolved in up to 12 months of treatment. Good contact of the cushion over the scar has been shown to be important in this clinical trial, and much creativity is needed for making elastic strap bindings that ensure this contact. The clinical trials extended over a 12-month period. Ten patients (33.3 percent) who had recalcitrant scars with little response to the use of the silicone cushion were given intralesional corticosteroid injections, in addition to the continued use of the cushion, resulting in a fairly rapid resolution of these scars over a period of months to a year. (Plast. Reconstr. Surg. 101: 1173, 1998.)
Bioactive Annonaceous Acetogenins from the Bark of Xylopia aromatica (1994)

Bioactive Annonaceous acetogenins have been isolated from the EtOH extract of the bark of Xylopia aromatica by bioactivity-directed fractionation using lethality to brine shrimp. These acetogenins include xylopianin [1 , xylopiacin [2], and xylomaticin [3], which are three new mono-tetrahydrofuran ring type acetogenins, in addition to the known compounds, annomontacin, gigantetronenin, gigantetrocin A, and annonacin. Compounds 1 and 2 are unusual in having hydroxylation at C-8; 3 has the same functionalities as annonacin but with 37 carbons instead of 35 carbons. The structures were elucidated by spectral analysis of the parent compounds and/or simple chemical derivatives. These acetogenins showed cytotoxicities, comparable to adriamycin, against three human solid tumor cell lines.
Lipopeptide with a RGDK Tetrapeptide Sequence Can Selectively Target Genes to Proangiogenic α5β1 Integrin Receptor and Mouse Tumor Vasculature (2008)

Integrins, the major class of alphabeta heterodimeric transmembrane glycoprotein receptors, play crucial roles in mediating tumor angiogenesis. Genetic ablation experiments combined with use of antibodies/peptide ligands for blocking either alpha(5) or beta(1) integrins have convincingly demonstrated alpha(5)beta(1) integrin to be unquestionably proangiogenic among the 24 known integrin receptors. Herein, we report on a novel RGDK-lipopeptide 1 that targets selectively alpha(5)beta(1) integrin and is capable of targeting genes to mouse tumor vasculatures.
Multiplex PCR detection of Salmonella spp., Listeria monocytogenes, Escherichia coli O157:H7, and Staphylococcus aureus in processed foods using (TA10) simultaneous growth broth (2012)

A multiplex (m-)PCR method was developed for simultaneous detection of Salmonella spp., Listeria monocytogenes, Escherichia coli O157:H7 and Staphylococcus aureus in processed foods. The m-PCR detection protocol consisted of three steps: 1) 20-h pre-enrichment culturing, 2) simple DNA extraction, and 3) m-PCR detection. For pre-enrichment of pathogens from food samples, [TA10] simultaneous growth broth was used. [TA10] broth does not contain selective agents and is of practical use for these four pathogenic bacteria without modification. For m-PCR detection, the targeted genes included a Salmonella species-specific sequence within a 1.8-kb HindIII DNA fragment, L. monocytogenes hlyA, E. coli O157:H7 eaeA, and S. aureus femA. The m-PCR assay with enrichment broth was evaluated in 13 types of spiked food samples (including pasteurized milk, yogurt, processed cheese, etc.), and targeted genes specific for each pathogen simultaneously. Assay sensitivity was 10° CFU for each pathogen in 25 g of sample with a 20-h enrichment period. This m-PCR method is reliable and useful for rapid screening of processed food samples contaminated with Salmonella spp., L. monocytogenes, E. coli O157:H7 or S. aureus.
Biological response of German cockroaches fed diets containing allopurinol (1992)

The acceptability of dietary allopurinol to German cockroaches, Blattella germanica (L.), was assessed. In diet choice tests between rat chow with or without 0.1% w/w allopurinol there were no significant differences in nymphal development, feeding duration, visits or consumption. The LT50 of cockroaches fed a choice of diets was 3 weeks greater (7.88) than those fed non-choice a 0.1% allopurinol diet. Female cockroaches provided a choice of diets aborted a significantly greater percentage of their oothecae (98.6%) than those fed the untreated diet (1.7%). Choice arena tests of 2% allopurinol in rat chow significantly reduced cockroach populations compared with untreated controls. After 6 weeks, populations were reduced by approximately 50%, and 97% after 14 weeks. These results indicate that allopurinol is acceptable to B. germanica as a dietary supplement which could be used in baits for cockroach control.
Synthesis and Biological Evaluation of Pretubulysin and Derivatives (2009)

Abstract Pretubulysin, a biosynthetic precursor of the tubulysins, shows potent biological activity in the subnanomolar range towards various tumor cell lines. Its activity is only slightly less than those of the structurally more complex tubulysins. With a straightforward synthesis to hand, pretubulysin is an ideal lead structure for the development of tubulysin‐based anticancer drugs(© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2009)
Use of Oxygen for Resuscitation of the Extremely Low Birth Weight Infant (2010)

The practice of mouth-to-mouth resuscitation was the first natural experiment using hypoxic gas mixtures for resuscitation. Although supplemental oxygen is now the standard during neonatal resuscitation, this practice has never been validated in prospective controlled trials.

Neonatal resuscitation is primarily directed toward establishing early lung aeration and maintaining lung volume during expiration to overcome the initial vagal and hypoxic bradycardia. It remains unclear whether supplemental oxygen facilitates this process or contributes to potential hypoxia/reoxygenation injury, inhibition of breathing, and possible aggravation of atelectasis by the attenuation of nitrogen splinting.

Accumulating evidence over the last decade has challenged clinicians to reconsider the optimal oxygen concentration for resuscitation of the newborn term infant. A critical review of 6 randomized trials that compared the use of room air (RA) and 100% oxygen reported that RA was associated with a significant lowering of mortality rate from 13% to 8% ( P = .0021), with a typical odds ratio (OR) of 0.57 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.42–0.78); however, no difference was observed for infants with a 1-minute Apgar score of <4 (typical OR: 0.81 [95% CI: 0.54–1.21]).1 In most of these trials, up to 30% of the infants in the RA group met prespecified failure criteria and received additional oxygen.

However, a similar proportion of the oxygen-resuscitated infants also met the failure criteria. In term infants, the neonatal mortality rate was 5.9% in the RA group and 9.8% in the 100% O2 group (typical OR: 0.59 [95% CI: 0.40–0.870]). These results are similar to those reported in the Cochrane review by Tan et al.2 Subgroup analysis confined to preterm infants (all > 1000gm) revealed a greater reduction in mortality rate in the RA group, from 35% in the 100% O2 group to 21% in the RA group (typical OR: 0.51 [95% CI: … 

Address correspondence to Neil Finer, MD, UCSD Medical Center, 402 W Dickinson St, MPF Building, Suite 1-140, San Diego, CA 92103-8774. E-mail: nfiner{at}ucsd.edu
Enzyme‐instructed self‐assembly of peptide derivatives to form nanofibers and hydrogels (2010)

The review describes the use of enzyme catalysis and self-assembly, two essential and ubiquitous processes in biology, to create molecular nanofibers of peptide derivatives at the supramolecular level as potential nanomedicines and biomaterials. In particular, we discuss the use of enzymes to instruct the self-assembly of small peptide derivatives for hydrogelation, which takes place in vitro or in vivo, extra- or intracellularly, as a new strategy to detect the activity of enzymes, screen enzyme inhibitors, type bacteria, develop drug delivery systems, enhance the activity and stability of enzymes, and control the fate of cells.
Constructing All Carbon Nanotube Hollow Fiber Membranes with Improved Performance in Separation and Antifouling for Water Treatment (2014)

Manipulating carbon nanotubes (CNTs) through engineering into advanced membranes with superior performance for disinfection and decontamination of water shows great promise but is challenging. In this paper, a facile assembly of CNTs into novel hollow fiber membranes with tunable inner/outer diameters and structures is developed for the first time. These free-standing membranes composed entirely of CNTs feature a porosity of 86±5% and a permeation flux of about 460±50 L m(-2) h(-1) at a pressure differential of 0.04 MPa across the membrane. The randomly oriented interwoven structure of CNTs endows the membranes considerable resistance to pore blockage. Moreover, the adsorption capability of the CNT hollow fiber membranes, which is crucial in the efficient removal of small and trace contaminant molecules, is about 2 orders of magnitude higher than that of commercial polyvinylidene fluoride hollow fiber membranes. The unique advantage of the CNT hollow fiber membranes over other commercial membranes is that they can be in situ electrochemically regenerated after adsorption saturation.
Building Blocks of Physical-Layer Network Coding (2015)

This paper investigates the fundamental building blocks of physical-layer network coding (PNC). Most prior work on PNC focused on its application in a simple two-way-relay channel (TWRC) consisting of three nodes only. Studies of the application of PNC in general networks are relatively few. This paper is an attempt to fill this gap. We put forth two ideas: a general network can be decomposed into small building blocks of PNC, referred to as the PNC atoms, for scheduling of PNC transmissions; and we identify nine PNC atoms, with TWRC being one of them. Three major results are as follows. First, using the decomposition framework, the throughput performance of PNC is shown to be significantly better than those of the traditional multi-hop scheme and the conventional network coding scheme. For example, under heavy traffic volume, PNC can achieve 100% throughput gain relative to the traditional multi-hop scheme. Second, PNC decomposition based on a variety of different PNC atoms can yield much better performance than PNC decomposition based on the TWRC atom alone. Third, three out of the nine atoms are most important to good performance. Specifically, the decomposition based on these three atoms is good enough most of the time, and it is not necessary to use the other six atoms.
Génération Numérique d'Hologrammes : État de l'Art (2014)

National audience
ChemInform Abstract: A FACILE SYNTHESIS OF OCHRATOXIN A (1981)

Abstract Die Kondensation zwischen 3‐Oxo‐pentan‐ dicarbonsäureester (I) und dem Natrium‐hydroxymethylen‐aceton (II) führt zum 2‐Hydroxy‐isophthalsäureester (III), der nach Metallierung mit Acetaldehyd (IV) zum Lacton (Va) cyclisiert und dann zum Derivat (Vb), einer Vorstufe des Ochrotoxins A (VI), chloriert und verseift wird.
Functional and Morphological Comparison of Three Primary Liver Cell Types Cultured in the AMC Bioartificial Liver (2007)

The selection of a cell type for bioartificial liver (BAL) systems for the treatment of patients with acute liver failure is in part determined by issues concerning patient safety and cell availability. Consequently, mature porcine hepatocytes (MPHs) have been widely applied in BAL systems. The success of clinical BAL application systems is, however, largely dependent on the functionality and stability of hepatocytes. Therefore, we compared herein the general metabolic and functional activities of MPHs with mature human hepatocytes (MHHs) in the Academic Medical Center (AMC)-BAL during a 7-day culture period. We also tested fetal human hepatocytes (FHHs), since their proliferation capacity is higher than MHHs and their function is increased compared to human liver cell lines. The results showed large differences between the 3 cell types. MHHs eliminated 2-fold more ammonia and produced 3-fold more urea than MPHs, whereas FHHs produced ammonia. Lidocaine elimination of FHHs was 3.5-fold higher than MPHs and 6.6-fold higher than of MHHs. Albumin production was not different between the 3 cell types. MPHs and FHHs became increasingly glycolytic, whereas MHHs remained metabolically stable during the whole culture period. MHHs and MPHs formed tissue-like structures inside the AMC-BAL. In conclusion, we propose that FHHs can be considered as a suitable cell type for pharmacological studies inside a bioreactor. However, we conclude that MHHs are the preferred cell source for loading a BAL device for clinical use, because of their high ammonia eliminating capacity and metabolic stability. MPHs should be considered as the best alternative cell source for BAL application, although their phenotypic instability urges application within 1 or 2 days after loading.
European collaborative evaluation of the enzygnost HBsAg 6.0 assay: Performance on hepatitis B virus surface antigen variants (2010)

Amino acid changes within the major antigenic determinant of the hepatitis B virus (HBV) surface antigen (HBsAg) may modify eventually the antigenic properties of the protein and may have impact on the sensitivity of diagnostic assays. Modifications in the design of an assay can, however, improve significantly its ability to detect HBV mutants. One hundred forty-seven clinical samples containing HBsAg variants, and 54 supernatants of cells expressing recombinant HBsAg mutants were tested by two generations of a commercial HBsAg test (Enzygnost® HBsAg 5.0 and 6.0, Siemens Healthcare Diagnostics Products, Marburg, Germany), and the results were compared. A significant improvement was demonstrated for the second test by comparing the mean and individual sample/cut-off values, as well as by the detection of several samples displaying amino acid changes in residues 120 and 145 of the HBsAg which were recorded as negative by the former test. The results showed that modifications in design of the assay improved considerably the ability of the test to detect HBsAg mutants, and that difficulties in detecting such HBV variants should not be expected with the routine use of the test in diagnostic laboratories and in blood transfusion centers.
IPStash: a power-efficient memory architecture for IP-lookup (2003)

High-speed routers often use commodity, fully-associative, TCAMs (ternary content addressable memories) to perform packet classification and routing (IP-lookup). We propose a memory architecture called IPStash to act as a TCAM replacement, offering at the same time, better functionality, higher performance, and significant power savings. The premise of our work is that full associativity is not necessary for IP-lookup. Rather, we show that the required associativity is simply a function of the routing table size. We propose a memory architecture similar to set-associative caches but enhanced with mechanisms to facilitate IP-lookup and in particular longest prefix match. To perform longest prefix match efficiently in a set-associative array, we restrict routing table prefixes to a small number of lengths using a controlled prefix expansion technique. Since this inflates the routing tables, we use skewed associativity to increase the effective capacity of our devices. Compared to previous proposals, IPStash does not require any complicated routing table transformations but more importantly, it makes incremental updates to the routing tables effortless. The proposed architecture is also easily expandable. Our simulations show that IPStash is both fast and power efficient compared to TCAMs. Specifically, IPStash devices - built in the same technology as TCAMS - can run at speeds in excess of 600 MHz, offer more than twice the search throughput (>200Msps), and consume up to 35% less power (for the same throughput) than the best commercially available TCAMs when testes with real routing tables and IP traffic.
Process of preparing Levetiracetam (2001)

The present invention relates to novel substituted [2-(1-piperazinyl)-ethoxy]methyl compounds of formula in which R1 represents a —CONH2, —CN, —COOH, —COOM or —COOR3 group, M being an alkali metal and R3 being an alkyl radical having from 1 to 4 carbon atoms; and R2 represents a hydrogen...