gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Antibody convergence along a common idiotypic axis in immunodeficiency virus and hepatitis C virus infections (2001)

The anti-idiotypic antibody 1F7 selectively binds antibodies against human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV) gag, pol, and env proteins. We tested anti-hepatitis C virus (HCV) antibodies to investigate selection of the 1F7 idiotype on antibodies against other chronic pathogens. Twelve of 15 HCV-seropositive individuals co-infected with HIV had detectable antibodies against recombinant HCV core, 4 against HCV NS4 protein, and 3 against HCV NS3 protein. All four HCV-seropositive, non-HIV-infected individuals had antibodies against HCV core and NS4, while 3 had antibodies against NS3. The 1F7 idiotype was frequently present on antibodies against each of the HCV antigens in the HIV co-infected and non-HIV-infected groups. Antibodies against HCV, including antibodies recognizing the putative principal neutralizing determinant of HCV E2 protein, displayed skewed kappa/lambda light chain usage consistent with clonal dominance. These observations extend the association between expression of the 1F7 idiotype and abnormal B cell clonal dominance in HIV and SIV infection to HCV infection and suggest that early establishment of an oligoclonal antibody response against HCV may freeze the B cell repertoire, impair adaptation to emergent HCV variants, and favor escape from neutralizing antibodies. We also demonstrated that expression of the 1F7 idiotype extends beyond antibodies against multiple antigens of AIDS-causing retroviruses to include antibodies against multiple antigens of an unrelated chronic hepatitis virus. Thus, distinct pathogens establishing chronic infection in the face of strong humoral immune responses select antibodies along a common idiotypic axis of the immune network.
Biodegradation of 1,3,5-Trinitro-1,3,5-triazine (RDX) (2004)

Two bacteria were isolated from 1,3,5-trinitro-1,3,5-triazine (RDX) contaminated soil at Picatinny Arsenal, New Jersey. These organisms were subsequently identified as Rhiziobium rhizogenes BL and Burkholderia sp.BL by the Deutsche Sammlung von Mikroorganismen und Zellkulturen GmbH (DSMZ, German Collection of Microorganisms and Cell Cultures). In addition a fungus, identified as Cladosporium cladosporioides by DSMZ, was found to be growing on water wet RDX. All of these organisms were found to degrade RDX. The two bacteria were found to represent new species that have not been reported before. It was found that these organisms along with an added carbon source could degrade RDX to simple gaseous products. Data are presented that elucidate the mechanisms of RDX biodegradation for these organisms.
Vehicle Sideslip Angle Estimation Based on Tire Model Adaptation (2019)

Information about the vehicle sideslip angle is crucial for the successful implementation of advanced stability control systems. In production vehicles, sideslip angle is difficult to measure within the desired accuracy level because of high costs and other associated impracticalities. This paper presents a novel framework for estimation of the vehicle sideslip angle. The proposed algorithm utilizes an adaptive tire model in conjunction with a model-based observer. The proposed adaptive tire model is capable of coping with changes to the tire operating conditions. More specifically, extensions have been made to Pacejka’s Magic Formula expressions for the tire cornering stiffness and peak grip level. These model extensions account for variations in the tire inflation pressure, load, tread depth and temperature. The vehicle sideslip estimation algorithm is evaluated through experimental tests done on a rear wheel drive (RWD) vehicle. Detailed experimental results show that the developed system can reliably estimate the vehicle sideslip angle during both steady state and transient maneuvers.
Multiphoton Flow Cytometry to Assess Intrinsic and Extrinsic Fluorescence in Cellular Aggregates: Applications to Stem Cells (2010)

Detection and tracking of stem cell state are difficult due to insufficient means for rapidly screening cell state in a noninvasive manner. This challenge is compounded when stem cells are cultured in aggregates or three-dimensional (3D) constructs because living cells in this form are difficult to analyze without disrupting cellular contacts. Multiphoton laser scanning microscopy is uniquely suited to analyze 3D structures due to the broad tunability of excitation sources, deep sectioning capacity, and minimal phototoxicity but is throughput limited. A novel multiphoton fluorescence excitation flow cytometry (MPFC) instrument could be used to accurately probe cells in the interior of multicell aggregates or tissue constructs in an enhanced-throughput manner and measure corresponding fluorescent properties. By exciting endogenous fluorophores as intrinsic biomarkers or exciting extrinsic reporter molecules, the properties of cells in aggregates can be understood while the viable cellular aggregates are maintained. Here we introduce a first generation MPFC system and show appropriate speed and accuracy of image capture and measured fluorescence intensity, including intrinsic fluorescence intensity. Thus, this novel instrument enables rapid characterization of stem cells and corresponding aggregates in a noninvasive manner and could dramatically transform how stem cells are studied in the laboratory and utilized in the clinic.
Neural-Network Supervised Maximum Likelihood-based on-line Dereverberation (2018)

In this paper, a new online multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) approach based on Maximum Likelihood (ML) in subband-domain for dereverberation is proposed. Multichannel linear prediction filters are estimated to blindly shorten the Room Impulse Responses (RIRs) between a set of unknown number of sources and a microphone array. The adaptive filter is updated using a modified weighted recursive Least Squares (RLS). To speed up convergence and minimize the influence of noise, the adaptive algorithm is supervised by a trained Deep Neural Network (DNN) which predicts the source dominance. In our experiments, it is proved that the proposed method can largely reduce the effect of reverberation in high non-stationary noisy conditions and sensibly improve automatic speech recognition performance in far-field and high reverberation.
Nanoweb Formation: 2D Self‐Assembly of Semiconductor Gallium Oxide Nanowires/Nanotubes (2003)

Abstract This paper reports a method to produce networks of crystalline gallium oxide comprised of one‐dimensional (1D) nanostructures. Because of the unique arrangement of wires, these crystalline networks are termed as ‘nanowebs’. Nanowebs are of great technological interest since they contain wire densities of the order of 10 9 cm –2 . A possible mechanism for the fast self‐assembly of crystalline metal oxide nanowires involves multiple nucleation and coalescence via oxidation–reduction reactions at the molecular level. The preferential growth of nanowires parallel to the substrate enabled them to coalesce into regular polygonal networks. The individual segments of the polygonal network consist of both nanowires and nanotubules of β‐gallium oxide. Individual wire properties contribute to a nanoweb’s overall capacity and the implications for devices based on nanowebs are expected to be enormous.
High-impact-strength poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET) from virgin and recycled resins (1996)

Poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET) is a useful high-temperature plastic. Its shortcoming is that it has poor impact-strength properties. The impact strength of this polymer was dramatically improved by blending with a copolyester thermoplastic elastomer, or an acrylate core/shell elastomer. The addition of triphenyl phosphite (TPP) to the polyester elastomer/PET blends encouraged molecular weight buildup and resulted in improved impact strength and tensile properties. It was suspected that the phosphite interacts chemically with the components of the blend during processing and produces the improvements. Phosphorus-31 (31P)-NMR techniques have provided a direct spectroscopic probe of the chemical nature of the phosphite additive after the processing steps. Solution and solid-state spectra have revealed the presence of products in which the polymer chains are grafted and crosslinked through the phosphorus additive. Up to a 60-fold increase in impact strength of PET was obtained by blending with elastomers in the presence of TPP. Amorphous PET is susceptible to environmental stress cracking by many solvents, whereas crystalline PET or PET elastomer blends exhibit high resistance to solvent cracking. Similar improvements in properties were also realized when PET obtained from recycled soft drink bottles was used. © 1996 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Novel grass pollen antigens are the major inducers of Th2 cytokine producing T cells in allergic individuals (P6039) (2013)

Abstract T cells play an important role in the pathogenesis of allergic diseases. However, potential immunogens of allergenic T cell responses have traditionally been limited to those that induce IgE responses. Timothy grass (TG) pollen is an inhaled allergen for which major IgE-reactive allergens have also been shown to trigger Th2 responses. Here we examined whether other TG pollen proteins are recognized by Th2 responses independently of IgE-reactivity. A TG pollen extract was analyzed by 2D-gel electrophoresis and IgE/IgG immunoblots using pooled sera from allergic donors. Mass spectrometry in combination with de-novo sequencing of the whole TG pollen transcriptome identified 93 novel proteins for further study, 64 of which were not targeted by IgE. Peptides from the novel TG proteins were screened for T cell reactivity in PBMCs from allergic donors. Strong IL-5 production was detected in response to peptides from several novel proteins, most of which were not targeted by IgE. Responses against the dominant novel epitopes were associated with memory T cells and could be detected directly ex vivo after Th2 cell enrichment. These findings demonstrate that a combined unbiased transcriptomic-, proteomic-, and immunomic approach identifies a greatly broadened repertoire of protein antigens targeted by T cells involved in allergy pathogenesis. The discovery of proteins that induce Th2 cells but are not IgE reactive may allow the development of safer immunotherapeutic strategies.
Aminoacyl Esterase Activity of the <i>Tetrahymena</i> Ribozyme (1992)

Several classes of ribozymes (catalytic RNA's) catalyze reactions at phosphorus centers, but apparently no reaction at a carbon center has been demonstrated. The active site of the Tetrahymena ribozyme was engineered to bind an oligonucleotide derived from the 3' end of N-formyl-methionyl-tRNA(fMet). This ribozyme catalyzes the hydrolysis of the aminoacyl ester bond to a modest extent, 5 to 15 times greater than the uncatalyzed rate. Catalysis involves binding of the oligonucleotide to the internal guide sequence of the ribozyme and requires Mg2+ and sequence elements of the catalytic core. The ability of RNA to catalyze reactions with aminoacyl esters expands the catalytic versatility of RNA and suggests that the first aminoacyl tRNA synthetase could have been an RNA molecule.
A review of integrative virtual reality games for rehabilitation (2017)

This paper presents a new type of integrative medicine called virtual rehabilitation, or the use of virtual reality in therapy. A number of games designed for improving motor (range of movement, endurance, motor control) and cognitive (focusing, short term memory, executive functions) impairments are presented. We include a description of a typical clinical protocol in which these games are used and a sample of clinical outcomes.
<title>New automatic tone-scale method for computed radiography</title> (1998)

Computed radiography is used for a wide range of projection radiography examinations. To produce useful diagnostic images it is necessary to apply an appropriate tone scale to the raw CR data. This paper presents a new automated tone scaling method for computed radiography and presents the results of a clinical study of the algorithm encompassing a wide range of clinical examinations.
Culture of hormone-dependent functional epithelial cells from rat thyroids. (1980)

Primary cultures of rat thyroid cells were made in medium supplemented with 0.1--0.5% calf serum and containing six hormones or growth factors: insulin, thyrotropin, transferrin, hydrocortisone, somatostatin, and glycyl-L-histidyl-L-lysine acetate. The FRTL strain was purified by successive colonial isolations and was found to maintain highly differentiated features (secretion into the culture medium of physiological amounts of thyroglobulin and concentration of iodide by 100-fold). The FRTL strain has been observed for more than 3 years in continuous culture. It has maintained the same biochemical and morphological characteristics that typified the primary cultures of thyroid follicular cells immediately after their enzymatic release from the rat thyroid. Thyroid epithelial cells that were grown under more conventional cell culture conditions failed to retain these specialized characteristics. We show that maintenance in vitro of these specialized functions of rat thyroid follicular cells is dependent on low serum concentrations and supplementation with hormones in the primary cultures. Our observations indicate that this culture strategem may be aplicable to the general problem of maintenance of differentiated characteristics in cultures of other epithelial cells.
Saving superconducting quantum processors from qubit decay and correlated errors generated by gamma and cosmic rays (2020)

Error-corrected quantum computers can only work if errors are small and uncorrelated. Here I show how cosmic rays or stray background radiation affects superconducting qubits by modeling the phonon to electron/quasiparticle down-conversion physics. For present designs, the model predicts about 57\% of the radiation energy breaks Cooper pairs into quasiparticles, which then vigorously suppress the qubit energy relaxation time ($T_1 \sim$ 160 ns) over a large area (cm) and for a long time (ms). Such large and correlated decay kills error correction. Using this quantitative model, I show how this energy can be channeled away from the qubit so that this error mechanism can be reduced by many orders of magnitude. I also comment on how this affects other solid-state qubits.
Method for Determination of Residual Organo-Amine Salts in Aqueous Filtrates of Drilling Fluids (2002)

Organo-amine salts (OAS) have been succcessfully used in aqueous-based drilling / drill-in fluids for stabilizing troublesome shale / gumbo formations and preventing gumbo adhesion to bottom-hole assemblies. Field operations requested a test procedure for determining residual organo-amine salts in aqueous filtrates. This procedure would provide better engineering control on product maintenance and system costs. The original test method, which used an organic solvent extraction with phenolphthalein for detection of organo-amine salts, was found to be ineffective due to the presence of lignosulfonate and lignite obscuring end test results. A new procedure has been developed, using an organic solvent extraction method and a spectrometer that measures the content of residual organo-amine salts by fluorescence. Lignosulfonate and lignite do not interfere with the measurement. This new method has been successfully utilized in field operations, providing the fluids engineer timely data for monitoring depletion rates of organo-amine salts while drilling. A cost-effective product maintenance program can be attained.
Facile Synthesis of Aryl‐ and Alkyl‐bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)methanes. (2005)

Abstract For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Paracoccus marcusii sp. nov., an orange Gram-negative coccus (1998)

Phenotypic, chemotaxonomic and 16S rDNA sequence analysis of an orange Gram-negative coccus that appeared as a contaminant on a nutrient agar plate delineated a new species of the genus Paracoccus. Phenotypic features of the strain that differ from all or most of the previously described Paracoccus species include its bright orange colour, caused by the synthesis of large amounts of carotenoids (mainly astaxanthin), and its inability to use nitrate as an electron acceptor in respiration. The name Paracoccus marcusii is proposed for this organism. The type strain is DSM 11574T.
Growth and differentiation of adult rat hepatocytes regulated by the interaction between parenchymal and non‐parenchymal liver cells (1998)

We have devised a medium which supports the continuous growth of hepatocytes without losing their replicative potential and differentiation capacity for a longer period. The medium HCGM, contains four key substances in addition to foetal bovine serum. They are epidermal growth factor, nicotinamide, ascorbic acid 2-phosphate and dimethylsulphoxide. When a non-parenchymal cell fraction containing small hepatocytes and non-parenchymal cells was cultured in HCGM, small hepatocytes grew clonally and differentiated into cells expressing either mature hepatocyte marker proteins or biliary cell marker proteins. Thus, for the first time, we showed the presence of a small compartment of bipotent and highly replicative clonogenic hepatocytes in the rat adult liver. HCGM also supported the growth of stellate cells (Ito cells) which were in the original preparation, suggesting the important role of stellate cells for the successful cultivation of hepatocytes. Together, these results suggest that a microenvironment is produced as a result of cooperative interactions between hepatocytes and stellate cells: one which stimulates the growth and differentiation of clonogenic hepatocytes.
Day and night security camera (2008)

We have designed a fisheye lens with a field of view of 190° and F# of 2.8 The diameter of the circular image plane is designed to fit within the width of the image sensor plane, so that a 190° horizontal field of view can be obtained. It is composed of 8 spherical lens elements and the overall length is 35mm from the first lens surface to the image sensor plane. This fisheye lens operates simultaneously in the visible and the near infrared wavelength regions.
Optical micromachined pressure sensor for aerospace applications (1992)

An optical pressure sensor has been designed using silicon micromachining technology. A resonant silicon beam is mounted above a diaphragm and its resonant frequency changes with applied pressure. The sensor is temperature compensated by way of a second pressure-insensitive resonator. Both resonators are optically addressed via the same optical fiber. The sensor is designed to give an overall accuracy of 0.05% full-scale pressure, which is currently between 130 kPa or 3 MPa. Optical technology allows the optical pressure sensor to operate in a harsh aerospace environment where electronic pressure sensors cannot survive.
Elevated activity levels of activating autoantibodies to the GnRH receptor in patients with polycystic ovary syndrome (2020)

We confirmed higher GnRHR AAb activity levels in the sera of a large cohort of PCOS patients compared with unexplained infertile control subjects. Addition of cetrorelix resulted in significant suppression of AAb activity levels in PCOS patients as a group whereas control subjects were unaffected. GnRHR AAb, along with patient age and AMH level, may provide a promising future diagnostic test for PCOS.
Conceptual Design for Condylar Guiding Features of a Total Knee Replacement (2011)

This study investigates the design requirements for guiding features that can be incorporated into the shapes of the femoral condyles and the tibial component geometry of a knee replacement system without occupying the intercondylar space of the joint so that the cruciates can be spared and still produce more physiological motions. A conceptual design for a surface-guided knee is introduced to induce effective guiding both in flexion and extension by novel features incorporated in the shape of the lateral condyle. This design can accommodate preservation of either of the cruciates while deficiencies in the functions of the other are compensated by contributions of the articular geometry in guiding the motion and stabilizing the joint. The preliminary kinematic tests on a prototype demonstrated viability of the features in guiding motion under compression.
Crystal Engineering of Green Tea Epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCg) Cocrystals and Pharmacokinetic Modulation in Rats (2013)

The most abundant polyphenol in green tea, epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCg), has recently received considerable attention due to the discovery of numerous health-promoting bioactivities. Despite reports of its poor oral bioavailability, EGCg has been included in many dietary supplement formulations. Conventional preformulation methods have been employed to improve the bioavailability of EGCg. However, these methods have limitations that hinder the development of EGCg as an effective therapeutic agent. In this study, we have utilized the basic concepts of crystal engineering and several crystallization techniques to screen for various solid crystalline forms of EGCg and evaluated the efficacy of crystal engineering for modulating the pharmacokinetics of EGCg. We synthesized and characterized seven previously undescribed crystal forms of EGCg including the pure crystal structure of EGCg. The aqueous solubility profiles of four new EGCg cocrystals were determined. These cocrystals were subsequently dosed at 100 mg EGCg per kg body weight in rats, and the plasma levels were monitored over the course of eight hours following the single oral dose. Two of the EGCg cocrystals were found to exhibit modest improvements in relative bioavailability. Further, cocrystallization resulted in marked effects on pharmacokinetic parameters including Cmax, Tmax, area under curve, relative bioavailability, and apparent terminal half-life. Our findings suggest that modulation of the pharmacokinetic profile of EGCg is possible using cocrystallization and that it offers certain opportunities that could be useful during its development as a therapeutic agent.
Applications of annular and L-shaped slot in PIFA design (2004)

Summary form only given. This paper proposes a single feed quad band (AMPS/GSM/DCS/PCS) PIFA (planar inverted-F antenna) suitable for global cellular communications. The design scheme proposed in this paper realizes the quad band operation of the PIFA through a combination of annular and L-shaped slots. Although the application of the L-shaped slot is commonly prevalent in many single feed dual band PIFA designs, the utilization of the annular slot in the PIFA design is not common and therefore seems to have not been reported. Further, this paper also suggests the specified merging of the L-shaped and annular slots to realize a wider bandwidth centered around the two resonant frequencies to accomplish quad band performance of the PIFA. Based on the above concept of merging of the L-shaped and annular slots, a single feed AMPS/GSM/DCS/PCS band PIFA has been developed with satisfactory bandwidth and gain performance.