gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Solution Behavior of Poly(styrene)-<i>b</i><i>lock</i>-poly(2-vinylpyridine) Micelles Containing Gold Nanoparticles (2000)

Formation and structural transformation of inverse poly(styrene)-block-poly(2-vinylpyridine) micelles whose polyvinylpyridine core was loaded with HAuCl4 or with elementary gold nanoclusters was studied by combined static and dynamic light scattering. A transformation in the morphology from spherical particles (small Rg/Rh ratio) to large anisomeric objects (large Rg/Rh ratio) was observed by decreasing the concentration of the block copolymer below the critical micelle concentration. At this point, the polymer chains are molecularly dispersed and no longer able to prevent uncontrolled growth of the gold nanoclusters.
ChemInform Abstract: A Review on Magnesium Aluminate (MgAl<sub>2</sub>O<sub>4</sub>) Spinel: Synthesis, Processing and Applications (2013)

Abstract Review: 266 refs.
Drug Delivery Systems from Nose to Brain (2012)

The treatment of brain disorders is particularly challenging due to the presence of a variety of formidable obstacles to deliver drugs selectively and effectively to the brain. Blood-brain-barrier (BBB) constitutes the major obstacle to the uptake of drugs into the brain following systemic administration. Intranasal delivery offers a non-invasive and convenient method to bypass the BBB and delivery of therapeutics directly to the brain. The review discusses the potential of intranasal route to deliver drugs to the brain, the mechanisms and pathways of direct nose to brain drug transport, the various factors influencing transnasal drug absorption, the conventional and novel intranasal drug delivery systems, the various intranasal drug delivery techniques and devices, and examples of brain drug transport that have been feasible in treating various brain disorders. Moreover, products on the market, investigational drugs, and the author's perceptions about the prospect of intranasal delivery for treating brain disorders are also been discussed.
2.3 Å Crystal Structure of Tetanus Neurotoxin Light Chain<sup>,</sup> (2005)

TeNT is the causative agent of the neuroparalytic disease tetanus. A key component of TeNT is its light chain, a Zn(2+) endopeptidase that targets SNAREs. Recent structural studies of closely related BoNT endopeptidases indicate that substrate-binding exosites remote from a conserved active site are the primary determinants of substrate specificity. Here we report the 2.3 A X-ray crystal structure of TeNT-LC, determined by combined molecular replacement and MAD phasing. As expected, the overall structure of TeNT-LC is similar to the other known CNT light chain structures, including a conserved thermolysin-like core inserted between structurally distinct amino- and carboxy-terminal regions. Differences between TeNT-LC and the other CNT light chains are mainly limited to surface features such as unique electrostatic potential profiles. An analysis of surface residue conservation reveals a pattern of relatively high variability matching the path of substrate binding around BoNT/A, possibly serving to accommodate the variations in different SNARE targets of the CNT group.
Introduction to Embedded Systems (2009)

This book is a subset of Embedded Systems: Introduction to ARM Cortex-M Microcontrollers, Volume 1, ISBN: 978-1477508992, configured for specific use in EE319K Introduction to Embedded Systems taught at the University of Texas at Austin. The section numbers in this book also specify the corresponding section in the original book. This first book is an introduction to computers and interfacing focusing on assembly language and C programming. The second book Embedded Systems: Real-Time Interfacing to ARM Cortex-M Microcontrollers focuses on hardware/software interfacing and the design of embedded systems. The third book Embedded Systems: Real-Time Operating Systems for ARM Cortex-M Microcontrollers is an advanced book focusing on operating systems, high-speed interfacing, control systems, and robotics. The third volume could also be used for professionals wishing to design or deploy a real-time operating system onto an ARM platform. There is a web site accompanying this book http://users.ece.utexas.edu/~valvano/arm. Posted here are ARM Keil uVision and Texas Instruments Code Composer Studio projects for each of the example programs in the book.
Dynamics of Land-Use and Land-Cover Change in Tropical Regions (2003)

We highlight the complexity of land-use/cover change and propose a framework for a more general understanding of the issue, with emphasis on tropical regions. The review summarizes recent estimates on changes in cropland, agricultural intensification, tropical deforestation, pasture expansion, and urbanization and identifies the still unmeasured land-cover changes. Climate-driven land-cover modifications interact with land-use changes. Land-use change is driven by synergetic factor combinations of resource scarcity leading to an increase in the pressure of production on resources, changing opportunities created by markets, outside policy intervention, loss of adaptive capacity, and changes in social organization and attitudes. The changes in ecosystem goods and services that result from land-use change feed back on the drivers of land-use change. A restricted set of dominant pathways of land-use change is identified. Land-use change can be understood using the concepts of complex adaptive systems and transitions. Integrated, place-based research on land-use/land-cover change requires a combination of the agent-based systems and narrative perspectives of understanding. We argue in this paper that a systematic analysis of local-scale land-use change studies, conducted over a range of timescales, helps to uncover general principles that provide an explanation and prediction of new land-use changes.
Effective strategies for satellite communications RFI mitigation (2012)

In this paper we will examine how using the improved data quality available from satellite operators and a capable analysis framework provide space operators with arguably unprecedented RFI analysis products to pre-emptively avoid some RFI events while proactively identifying causes of and/or decreasing response time to others. We also discuss RFI geolocation testing and simulation activities using satellite operator data.
CUT-PCR: CRISPR-mediated, ultrasensitive detection of target DNA using PCR (2017)

Circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) has emerged as a tumor-specific biomarker for the early detection of various cancers. To date, several techniques have been devised to enrich the extremely small amounts of ctDNA present in plasma, but they are still insufficient for cancer diagnosis, especially at the early stage. Here, we developed a novel method, CUT (CRISPR-mediated, Ultrasensitive detection of Target DNA)-PCR, which uses CRISPR endonucleases to enrich and detect the extremely small amounts of tumor DNA fragments among the much more abundant wild-type DNA fragments by specifically eliminating the wild-type sequences. We computed that by using various orthologonal CRISPR endonucleases such as SpCas9 and FnCpf1, the CUT-PCR method would be applicable to 80% of known cancer-linked substitution mutations registered in the COSMIC database. We further verified that CUT-PCR together with targeted deep sequencing enables detection of a broad range of oncogenes with high sensitivity (<0.01%) and accuracy, which is superior to conventional targeted deep sequencing. In the end, we successfully applied CUT-PCR to detect sequences with oncogenic mutations in the ctDNA of colorectal cancer patients' blood, suggesting that our technique could be adopted for diagnosing various types of cancer at early stages.
Geometry of Miura-folded metamaterials (2013)

This paper describes two folded metamaterials based on the Miura-ori fold pattern. The structural mechanics of these metamaterials are dominated by the kinematics of the folding, which only depends on the geometry and therefore is scale-independent. First, a folded shell structure is introduced, where the fold pattern provides a negative Poisson's ratio for in-plane deformations and a positive Poisson's ratio for out-of-plane bending. Second, a cellular metamaterial is described based on a stacking of individual folded layers, where the folding kinematics are compatible between layers. Additional freedom in the design of the metamaterial can be achieved by varying the fold pattern within each layer.
Cell-to-cell adherens junction formation and actin filament organization: similarities and differences between non-polarized fibroblasts and polarized epithelial cells (1995)

Cadherin has an intimate spatial relationship with actin filaments (AF) in various types of cells, forming the cell-to-cell adherens junction (AJ). We compared the AJ/AF relationship between non-polarized fibroblasts (NRK cells) and polarized epithelial cells (MTD-1A cells). E/P-cadherin, alpha-catenin, ZO-1 and vinculin were localized with reference to AF in these cells using laser scan microscopy as well as conventional light and electron microscopy. NRK cells adhered to each other at the tips of thin cellular processes, where spot-like AJ were formed, where P-cadherin, alpha-catenin, ZO-1 and vinculin were concentrated. Some stress-fiber-like AF bundles ran axially in these processes and terminated at spot-like AJ on their tips. At the electron microscopic level these spot-like AJ were seen as aggregates of small 'units' of AJ, where AF were densely and perpendicularly associated with the plasma membrane. In MTD-1A cells, the AJ/AF relationship was investigated during the cell polarization process after replating or wounding. At the early stage, the AJ/AF relationship was quite similar to that in NRK cells. As polarization proceeded, the spot-like AJs were gradually fused side by side with the concomitant shortening of the associated stress-fiber-like AF bundles. Finally, the belt-like AJ was established, which was lined with circumferential AF bundles. The similarities and differences in the AJ/AF relationship between non-polarized fibroblasts and polarized epithelial cells are discussed.
Optical Plug and Play Technique for Automatic GMPLS Network Construction (2011)

We propose a mechanism called “optical plug and play” for constructing GMPLS networks automatically. It offers lower operation effort and fast network construction, and avoids misconfiguration. Optical plug and play architecture has its procedure, a link-up search mechanism for OXCs, network and node architectures to realize optical plug and play, and an LMP extension to exchange the information between nodes necessary for identifying adjacent nodes. We implement prototypes of both OXCs and routers that support the optical plug and play proposal. Simulations and experiments confirm its performance and feasibility.
Oxide rupture-induced conductivity in liquid metal nanoparticles by laser and thermal sintering (2019)

The oxide rupture-induced mechanisms that enable electrical conductivity of liquid metal nanoparticles using thermal and laser sintering.
SiC power devices &#x2014; Present status, applications and future perspective (2011)

Silicon carbide (SiC) semiconductor devices for high power applications are now commercially available as discrete devices. Recently Schottky diodes are offered by both USA and Europe based companies. Active switching devices such as bipolar junction transistors (BJTs), field effect transistors (JFETs and MOSFETs) are now available on the commercial market. The interest is rapidly growing for these devices in high power and high temperature applications. The main advantages of wide bandgap semiconductors are their very high critical electric field capability. From a power device perspective the high critical field strength can be used to design switching devices with much lower losses than conventional silicon based devices both for on-state losses and reduced switching losses. This paper reviews the current state of the art in active switching device performance for both SiC and GaN. SiC material quality and epitaxy processes have greatly improved and degradation free 100 mm wafers are readily available. The SiC wafer roadmap looks very favorable as volume production takes off. For GaN materials the main application area is geared towards the lower power rating level up to 1 kV on mostly lateral FET designs. Power module demonstrations are beginning to appear in scientific reports and real applications. A short review is therefore given. Other advantages of SiC is the possibility of high temperature operation (>; 300°C) and in radiation hard environments, which could offer considerable system advantages.
Toward a strategy for peace—III (1986)

This editorial is the third in an occasional series dealing with the long-term problems of reducing the dangers of the nuclear arms race.
Wide-azimuth land processing: Fracture detection using offset vector tile technology (2010)

Using a modern wide-azimuth land survey, we demonstrate the power of offset vector tile (OVT) processing and subsequent analysis of offset vector gathers (OVG) to identify potential anisotropy and fracture characteristics of certain reservoirs of interest. Migration of the inherently azimuth-limited OVT gathers and the accompanying velocity updating scheme, based on surface fitting in offset and azimuth, yields robust measurements critical to this analysis. Both the kinematic and dynamic aspects of the processing are considered and contrasted. The results of the processing and analysis are then confirmed by comparison to the values predicted from two wells in the area.
Cut and Fold Techniques for Pop-Up Designs (2014)

Ch 1 Before You Start 1.1 How to Use the Book 1.2 What is a Pop-up? 1.3 How to Cut and Fold 1.3.1 Cutting 1.3.2 Folding 1.4 Equipment 1.5 Choosing Card 1.6 Software 1.7 Symbols 1.8 How to Make a Pop-up 1.8.1 First, Make a Rough 1.8.2 Make It Well 1.8.3 How to Fold a Pop-up Ch 2 Basic Pop-up Forms 2.1 What Makes a Pop-up 'Pop'? 2.2 Symmetrical Pop-ups 2.2.1 Basic Construction 2.2.2 'Three and One' Variations 2.2.3 'Two and Two' Variations 2.3 Asymmetrical Pop-ups 2.3.1 Basic Construction 2.3.2 Asymmetrical Variations 2.4 Which Way Up, Which Way Around? Ch 3 Developing the Basics 3.1 Taking the Cut for a Walk 3.2 The Shape of the Card 3.3 Pop-up Size vs Card Size 3.4 Non-parallel Folds 3.4.1 Not Parallel to the Edge 3.4.2 Converging Folds: Symmetrical 3.4.3 Converging Folds: Asymmetrical Ch 4 Releasing the Folded Edge 4.1 The 'Fold to Fold' Cut 4.1.1 The Basic Technique 4.1.2 Applying the Technique 4.1.3 Multiple Cuts 4.1.4 The Pop-up Size 4.2 The 'Fold to Edge' Cut 4.2.1 Cuts to the Side Edge 4.2.2 Cuts to the Top and Bottom Edges 4.2.3 Cuts to Any Edge 4.3 Piercing the Plane 4.3.1 Half Construction 4.3.2 Full Construction 4.3.3 No Wings Ch 5 Multiple Gutters and Generations 5.1 Multiple Gutters 5.1.1 Two Gutters 5.1.2 More than Two Gutters 5.2 Generations 5.2.1 A Theory of Generations 5.2.2 Two Generations 5.2.3 Asymmetric Generations 5.2.4 Asymmetric Angle Generations 5.2.5 Opposing Generations Create Your Own Pop-ups Acknowledgements
High Redshift Quasars in the ING Wide Field Survey (2001)

The largest of the survey programs is the Wide Angle Survey which aims to observe 100 deg2 in a filter set analogous to that used by the Sloan Digital Sky Survey (SDSS u’, g’, r’, i’, z’ filters). Some of the survey fields are equatorial to enable complementary observations from telescopes in both hemispheres. All of the survey regions are associated with projects at other wavelengths such as the VLA FIRST radio survey, ISO ELAIS mid-IR and CIRSI near-IR programs, regions from the 2dF redshift survey and XMM X-ray survey fields.
A New Solution for Password Key Transferring in Steganography Methods by CAPTCHA through MMS Technology (2007)

The Multimedia Messaging System (MMS) allows a user of a mobile phone to send messages containing multimedia objects, such as images, audio or video clips. On the other hand establishing hidden communication is an important subject of discussion that has gained increasing importance nowadays with the development of the Internet. One of the methods introduced for establishing hidden communication is steganography. Therefore steganography in MMS is an interesting idea. One of the problems in steganography methods is the security of transferring password key used for steganography between sender and receiver of secure data. In this paper a new method is proposed for solving this problem using CAPTCHA method through MMS messages. In this method the password key is spoken in an audio file and the data are hidden in the image by this password key. Then the image and audio files are inserted in a MMS message and sent to the receiver. Therefore the human receiver can recognize the password from the audio file and extract the data from the image using this password, but the computer cannot recognize the spoken word from the audio file and extracting the password. By this method the user does not need to memorize any password for extracting the data. This method has been implemented in J2ME programming language.
ABSTRACT: Seismic Anisotropy of Sedimentary Rocks: A Unique Probe of Rock Fabric (2002)

This DOI is not currently attached to any metadata records. DOIs can’t actually ever be deleted (they’re persistent), but sometimes our members create DOIs in error. We do have a process to approximate deletion which we follow only in rare cases where the DOI has been genuinely created in error, and most crucially, if the DOI has never been published anywhere online or in print and never otherwise distributed to or communicated with anyone (authors, readers, reviewers, etc.
Response of Bromodeoxyuridine-Substituted Chinese Hamster Cells to UVA Light Exposure in the Presence of Hoechst Dye #33258: Survival and DNA Repair Studies (1994)

Previous work has established that DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs) are formed when Chinese hamster cells are substituted with 5-bromo-2'-deoxyuridine (BrdU) and exposed to UVA light in the presence of Hoechst dye #33258. Double-strand breaks produced by this treatment (5.1 x 10(-6) DSBs/BrdU residue/kJ m-2) were found to depend linearly on the level of BrdU substitution, Hoechst dye and fluence of UVA light. To examine the biological consequences of these novel DSBs, clonogenic assays were used to score cell survival, and elution assays were used to measure strand break levels at various times after photolysis. Using this system, marked cell killing was observed; photosensitivity could be increased by four orders of magnitude compared to cells without BrdU and dye. Decreases in the F0 value and the shoulder of survival curves followed increasing levels of BrdU substitution. In addition, the results indicate that DSBs produced by this photolysis protocol are two to three times more effective in causing cell killing than the DSBs produced by the action of ionizing radiation. To investigate the cause of the toxicity, repair of DSBs after photolysis was measured. Unexpectedly, DSB levels increased two- to threefold over 1 h at 37 degrees C, then decreased to initial damage levels over the next 2 h. The implications of this break induction are discussed in terms of mechanism and cell killing.
Vaccines modulating lipoprotein autoimmunity as a possible future therapy for cardiovascular disease (2009)

Current strategies for prevention of cardiovascular disease focus on risk factor intervention. Although these have been proven both safe and effective results from randomized clinical trials suggest that it is difficult to achieve relative risk reductions exceeding 40% with this approach. To further improve efficacy future therapies must aim at targeting the actual disease process in the arterial wall. Emerging evidence have identified an important role of the immune system in atherosclerosis and suggest that modulation of autoimmune responses against oxidized LDL and other antigens in the atherosclerotic plaque represent one possible new approach to disease prevention. Oxidized LDL is targeted by both antibody-mediated and cellular immune responses and as much as 10% of the T cells in atherosclerotic plaques are oxidized LDL-specific. Immune activation in the atherosclerotic plaque is primarily of the pro-inflammatory Th1-type and inhibition Th1 immunity reduces atherosclerosis in experimental animals. Atherosclerosis vaccines based on antigens derived from LDL have been developed to modulate these processes. Their mechanisms of action remain to be full characterized but may involve expression of protective antibodies that facilitate the removal of oxidized LDL and antigen-specific regulatory T cells that counteract Th1 autoimmunity against oxidized LDL. In this review we will discuss the possibilities and challenges encountering the translation of immune-modulatory therapy for atherosclerosis from the experimental stage into the clinic.
Charge Transport in Organic Semiconductors (2007)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Modular, Homochiral, Porous Coordination Polymers: Rational Design, Enantioselective Guest Exchange Sorption and Ab Initio Calculations of Host–Guest Interactions (2010)

Two new, homochiral, porous metal-organic coordination polymers [Zn(2)(ndc){(R)-man}(dmf)]⋅3DMF and [Zn(2)(bpdc){(R)-man}(dmf)]⋅2DMF (ndc=2,6-naphthalenedicarboxylate; bpdc=4,4'-biphenyldicarboxylate; man=mandelate; dmf=N,N'-dimethylformamide) have been synthesized by heating Zn(II) nitrate, H(2)ndc or H(2)bpdc and chiral (R)-mandelic acid (H(2)man) in DMF. The colorless crystals were obtained and their structures were established by single-crystal X-ray diffraction. These isoreticular structures share the same topological features as the previously reported zinc(II) terephthalate lactate [Zn(2)(bdc){(S)-lac}(dmf)]⋅DMF framework, but have larger pores and opposite absolute configuration of the chiral centers. The enhanced pores size results in differing stereoselective sorption properties: the new metal-organic frameworks effectively and stereoselectively (ee up to 62 %) accommodate bulkier guest molecules (alkyl aryl sulfoxides) than the parent [Zn(2)(bdc){(S)-lac}(dmf)]⋅DMF, while the latter demonstrates decent enantioselectivity toward precursor of chiral anticancer drug sulforaphane, CH(3)SO(CH(2))(4)OH. The new homochiral porous metal-organic coordination polymers are capable of catalyzing a highly selective oxidation of bulkier sulfides (2-NaphSMe (2-C(10)H(7)SMe) and PhSCH(2)Ph) that could not be achieved by the smaller-pore [Zn(2)(bdc){(S)-lac}(dmf)]⋅DMF. The sorption of different guest molecules (both R and S isomers) into the chiral pores of [Zn(2)(bdc){(S)-lac}(dmf)]⋅DMF was modeled by using ab initio calculations that provided a qualitative explanation for the observed sorption enantioselectivity. The high stereo-preference is accounted for by the presence of coordinated inner-pore DMF molecule that forms a weak C-H...O bond between the DMF methyl group and the (S)-PhSOCH(3) sulfinyl group.
SYNTHESIS AND CHIROPTICAL PROPERTIES OF AN OPTICALLY ACTIVE DOUBLY BRIDGED ALLENE. [8][10]SCREW[2]ENE (1981)

Abstract The dichlorocyclopropane derivative 6 prepared from 5 was treated with (−)-sparteine modified butyllithium to afford (+)-(R)-[8][10] doubly bridged allene (4) whose absolute configuration was assigned by its CD analysis.