gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Ambulatory respiratory rate trends identify patients at higher risk of worsening heart failure in implantable cardioverter defibrillator and biventricular device recipients: a novel ambulatory parameter to optimize heart failure management (2015)

Ambulatory daily respiratory rate trends may be a valuable addition to standard management for HF patients.
[<sup>18</sup>F]Fluoro-Deoxy-Glucose Folate: A Novel PET Radiotracer with Improved in Vivo Properties for Folate Receptor Targeting (2012)

The folate receptor (FR) is upregulated in various cancer types (FR-α isoform) and in activated macrophages (FR-β isoform) which are involved in inflammatory and autoimmune diseases, but its expression in healthy tissues and organs is highly restricted to only a few sites (e.g kidneys). Therefore, the FR is a promising target for imaging and therapy of cancer and inflammation using folate-based radiopharmaceuticals. Herein, we report the synthesis and evaluation of a novel folic acid conjugate with improved properties suitable for positron emission tomography (PET). [(18)F]-fluoro-deoxy-glucose folate ([(18)F]3) was synthesized based on the click chemistry approach using 2-deoxy-2-[(18)F]fluoroglucopyranosyl azide and a folate alkyne derivative. The novel radiotracer [(18)F]3 was produced in good radiochemical yields (25% d.c.) and high specific radioactivity (90 GBq/μmol). Compared to previously published (18)F-folic acid derivatives, an increase in hydrophilicity was achieved by using a glucose entity as a prosthetic group. Biodistribution and PET imaging studies in KB tumor-bearing mice showed a high and specific uptake of the radiotracer in FR-positive tumors (10.03 ± 1.12%ID/g, 60 min p.i.) and kidneys (42.94 ± 2.04%ID/g, 60 min p.i.). FR-unspecific accumulation of radioactivity was only found in the liver (9.49 ± 1.13%ID/g, 60 min p.i.) and gallbladder (17.59 ± 7.22%ID/g, 60 min p.i.). No radiometabolites were detected in blood, urine, and liver tissue up to 30 min after injection of [(18)F]3. [(18)F]-fluoro-deoxy-glucose-folate ([(18)F]3) is thus a promising PET radioligand for imaging FR-positive tumors.
Phase-Synchronized Fluidic Oscillator Pair (2018)

The relative phase of oscillating jets from a pair of fluidic oscillators was synchronized in this work. The means for this synchronization was mutual interaction through a shared feedback channel between the two oscillators. Flow visualization and hot-wire measurements indicated a strong correlation and phase synchronization between the two oscillators. A numerical analysis offered better understanding of the internal flow physics that led to the synchronization phenomenon. A portion of the output jet from one fluidic oscillator was redirected and crossed over into the adjacent oscillator, leading to momentum transfer between the two oscillators. A portion of this cross-oscillator flow was directed into the shared feedback channel and constituted the main feedback flow. In this process, one of the shared feedback channel outlets was blocked by a vortex, allowing only one oscillator to receive feedback flow. The primary mechanism for in-phase synchronization was the cross-oscillator flow, which was divided into phase-modulated momentum injection to the primary jet and modulated flow input to the shared channel feedback channel.
Synergism and multiple mechanical relaxations observed in ternary systems based on benzoxazine, epoxy, and phenolic resins (2000)

The synergism in the glass-transition temperature (Tg) of ternary systems based on benzoxazine (B), epoxy (E), and phenolic (P) resins is reported. The systems show the maximum Tg up to about 180 °C in BEP541 (B/E/P = 5/4/1). Adding a small fraction of phenolic resin enhances the crosslink density and, therefore, the Tg in the copolymers of benzoxazine and epoxy resins. To obtain the ultimate Tg in the ternary systems, 6–10 wt % phenolic resin is needed. The molecular rigidity from benzoxazine and the improved crosslink density from epoxy contribute to the synergistic behavior. The mechanical relaxation spectra of the fully cured ternary systems in a temperature range of −140 to 350 °C show four types of relaxation transitions: γ transition at −80 to −60 °C, β transition at 60–80 °C, α1 transition at 135–190 °C, and α2 transition at 290–300 °C. The partially cured specimens show an additional loss peak that is frequency-independent as a result of the further curing process of the materials. The ternary systems have a potential use as electronic packaging molding compounds as well as other highly filled systems. © 2000 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Polym Sci B: Polym Phys 38: 1687–1698, 2000
A Chemical Singlet Molecular Oxygen Generator. (1978)

A method of generating a continuous wave (cw) 'clean' stream of oxygen containing a large fraction in the singlet state has been developed based upon the base catalyzed chemical reaction of chlorine fluorosulfate and hydrogen peroxide. After the addition of molecular iodine a fast energy transfer process between O2 and I created a population inversion between the spin-orbit states of atomic iodine. This population inversion was directly observed in an optical double resonance experiment in which the excited spin-orbit state population was decreased as the transition was driven toward saturation by a pulsed iodine atom laser. The O2 generator, quantitative diagnostics, optical double resonance experiment, and lasing attempts are described in this report. (Author)
A theoretical analysis of cloud condensation nucleus (CCN) instruments (2001)

The behavior and performance of four cloud condensation nucleus instruments are theoretically analyzed. They include the static diffusion cloud chamber (SDCC), the Fukuta continuous flow spectrometer (FCNS), the Hudson continuous flow spectrometer (HCNS), and the California Institute of Technology continuous flow spectrometer (CCNS). A numerical model of each instrument is constructed on the basis of a general fluid dynamics code coupled to an aerosol growth/activation model. Instrument performance is explored by simulating instrument response when sampling a monodisperse ammonium sulfate aerosol. The uncertainty in the wall temperature boundary condition is estimated for all the instruments and is found to be appreciable only for the CCNS. The CCNS and HCNS models reasonably reproduced experimental data, while reported limits were also verified by the FCNS model. Regarding the performance of each instrument, simulations show that the SDCC produces droplets that are monodisperse to within 10% of the particle diameter (for particles of a constant critical supersaturation). The FCNS can potentially activate particles over a wide range of critical supersaturations, but the prevailing design exhibits low sensitivity to particles with critical supersaturations below 0.1% as a result of the short time available for droplet growth under low supersaturations. The resolution capability of both HCNS and CCNS with respect to critical supersaturation is shown to be particularly sensitive to operational parameters. This is a consequence of the strongly nonlinear nature of droplet growth; droplet size cannot always be used to distinguish particles with different critical supersaturation because of the growing droplets' trend toward monodispersity. Of the two instruments, the HCNS generally displays higher resolution capability. This is attributed to the smoother and monotonic supersaturation profiles established in the HCNS. While different design parameters or operating conditions may lead to modest shifts in the performance from that predicted here for any of the four instruments, the essential features described in this paper are inherent to their designs.
Self‐calibrated GRAPPA method for 2D and 3D radial data (2007)

A fast parallel MRI (pMRI) reconstruction method is presented for 2D and 3D radial trajectories. A limitation of the radial generalized autocalibrating partially parallel acquisitions (GRAPPA) method is the need to acquire training data prior to the actual scan. This can be eliminated by the use of self-calibration when synthesizing the missing data for each coil reconstruction. The training data for each coil are estimated by multiplying the conventionally reconstructed composite image, which contains the aliasing artifacts from undersampling, with each coil's spatial sensitivity profile. An estimate of the individual receiver spatial sensitivity profiles is obtained from the k-space data that fulfill the Nyquist sampling criterion. The frequency domain representation of the training data is then calculated at the acquired k-space sample points and at the unacquired locations at which we desire to synthesize k-space data. Fitting the acquired k-space samples to the unacquired points creates reconstruction weights that are used to synthesize unacquired radial lines. The in vivo feasibility of the method for 2D radial trajectories is illustrated with an example of 2D abdominal imaging. Preliminary results obtained after applying the method on a 3D radial steady-state free precession (SSFP) data set are also demonstrated.
Identification and characterization of transcripts from the biotin biosynthetic operon of Bacillus subtilis (1996)

Northern (RNA) blot analysis of the Bacillus subtilis biotin operon, bioWAFDBIorf2, detected at least two steady-state polycistronic transcripts initiated from a putative vegetative (Pbio) promoter that precedes the operon, i.e., a full-length 7.2-kb transcript covering the entire operon and a more abundant 5.1-kb transcript covering just the first five genes of the operon. Biotin and the B. subtilis birA gene product regulated synthesis of the transcripts. Moreover, replacing the putative Pbio promoter and regulatory sequence with a constitutive SP01 phage promoter resulted in higher-level constitutive synthesis. Removal of a rho-independent terminator-like sequence located between the fifth (bioB) and sixth (bioI) genes prevented accumulation of the 5.1-kb transcript, suggesting that the putative terminator functions to limit expression of bioI, which is thought to be involved in an early step in biotin synthesis.
<title>Implementation of the phase-gradient algorithm</title> (1990)

The recently introduced Phase Gradient Autofocus (PGA) algorithm is a non-parametric autofocus technique which has been shown to be quite effective for phase correction of Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) imagery. This paper will show that this powerful algorithm can be executed at near real-ume speeds and also be implemented in a relatively small piece of hardware. A briefreview ofthe PGA wiibe presented along with an overview ofsome critical implementation considerations. In addition a demonstration of the PGA algorithm running on a 7" xlO" printed circuit board containing a TMS32OC3O digital signal pro cessing (DSP) chip wilibe given. With this system using only the 20 range bins which contain the brightest points in the image the algorithm can correct a badly degraded 256x256 image in as little as 3 seconds. Using all range bins the algorithm can correct the image in 9 seconds.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of an HMG‐CoA Reductase Inhibitor. A Diastereoselective Aldol Approach. (1987)

Abstract The aldehyde (I) is coupled with the ester (II) to yield the ester (III) which is converted to the methyl ester (IV).
Nanocomposite Strain Gauges Having Small TCRs (2009)

Ceramic strain gauges in which the strain-sensitive electrically conductive strips made from nanocomposites of noble metal and indium tin oxide (ITO) are being developed for use in gas turbine engines and other power-generation systems in which gas temperatures can exceed 1,500 F (about 816 C). In general, strain gauges exhibit spurious thermally induced components of response denoted apparent strain. When temperature varies, a strain-gauge material that has a nonzero temperature coefficient of resistance (TCR) exhibits an undesired change in electrical resistance that can be mistaken for the change in resistance caused by a change in strain. It would be desirable to formulate straingauge materials having TCRs as small as possible so as to minimize apparent strain. Most metals exhibit positive TCRs, while most semiconductors, including ITO, exhibit negative TCRs. The present development is based on the idea of using the negative TCR of ITO to counter the positive TCRs of noble metals and of obtaining the benefit of the ability of both ITO and noble metals to endure high temperatures. The noble metal used in this development thus far has been platinum. Combinatorial libraries of many ceramic strain gauges containing nanocomposites of various proportions of ITO and platinum were fabricated by reactive co-sputtering from ITO and platinum targets onto alumina- and zirconia-based substrates mounted at various positions between the targets.
Health monitoring and control for application server environments (2005)

Web applications have assumed a central role in the enterprise data center, and are becoming the foundation of an increasing number of critical business functions. The availability of such applications is a problem of critical importance. To address this problem, we present a health monitoring and control system for application server environments. We build on past work in the area of measuring system health by evaluating a number of parameters that convey health information. We propose a class-based model that assigns health policies to application servers to monitor health conditions of interest and correct problems before they cause catastrophic damage. We describe an implementation of the system, and provide a utility-based experimental evaluation.
Integrity Maintenance in Object-Oriented Databases (1992)

We present an approach for integrating inter-object constraint maintenance seamlessly into an object-oriented database system. We develop a constraint compilation scheme that accepts declarative global specification of constraints, including relational integrity, referential integrity, and uniqueness requirements, and generates an efficient representation that permits localized processing. We demonstrate the feasibility of our approach by designing a constraint pre-processor for O*, the programming language interface to the Ode object-oriented database.
High speed inverted optical-resolution photoacoustic microscopy (2011)

Photoacoustic microscopy (PAM) offers label-free, optical absorption contrast. A high-speed, high-resolution PAM system in an inverted microscope configuration with a laser pulse repetition rate of 100,000 Hz and a stationary ultrasonic transducer was built. Four-dimensional in vivo imaging of microcirculation in mouse skin was achieved at 18 three-dimensional volumes per second with repeated two-dimensional raster scans of 100 by 50 points. The corresponding twodimensional B-scan (50 A-lines) frame rate was 1800 Hz, and the one-dimensional A-scan rate was 90,000 Hz. The lateral resolution is 0.23±0.03 μm for Au nano-wire imaging, which is 2.0 times below the diffraction limit.
Saccharomyces cerevisiae expressing bacteriophage endolysins reduce Lactobacillus contamination during fermentation (2014)

One of the challenges facing the fuel ethanol industry is the management of bacterial contamination during fermentation. Lactobacillus species are the predominant contaminants that decrease the profitability of biofuel production by reducing ethanol yields and causing “stuck” fermentations, which incur additional economic losses via expensive antibiotic treatments and disinfection costs. The current use of antibiotic treatments has led to the emergence of drug-resistant bacterial strains, and antibiotic residues in distillers dried grains with solubles (DDGS) are a concern for the feed and food industries. This underscores the need for new, non-antibiotic, eco-friendly mitigation strategies for bacterial contamination. The specific objectives of this work were to (1) express genes encoding bacteriophage lytic enzymes (endolysins) in Saccharomyces cerevisiae, (2) assess the lytic activity of the yeast-expressed enzymes against different species of Lactobacillus that commonly contaminate fuel ethanol fermentations, and (3) test the ability of yeast expressing lytic enzymes to reduce Lactobacillus fermentum during fermentation. Implementing antibiotic-free strategies to reduce fermentation contaminants will enable more cost-effective fuel ethanol production and will impact both producers and consumers in the farm-to-fork continuum. Two genes encoding the lytic enzymes LysA and LysA2 were individually expressed in S. cerevisiae on multi-copy plasmids under the control of a galactose-inducible promoter. The enzymes purified from yeast were lytic against Lactobacillus isolates collected from fermentors at a commercial dry grind ethanol facility including Lactobacillus fermentum, Lactobacillus brevis, and Lactobacillus mucosae. Reductions of L. fermentum in experimentally infected fermentations with yeast expressing LysA or LysA2 ranged from 0.5 log10 colony-forming units per mL (CFU/mL) to 1.8 log10 (CFU/mL) over 72 h and fermentations treated with transformed yeast lysate showed reductions that ranged from 0.9 log10 (CFU/mL) to 3.3 log10 (CFU/mL). Likewise, lactic acid and acetic acid levels were reduced in all experimentally infected fermentations containing transformed yeast (harboring endolysin expressing plasmids) relative to the corresponding fermentations with untransformed yeast. This study demonstrates the feasibility of using yeast expressing bacteriophage endolysins to reduce L. fermentum contamination during fuel ethanol fermentations.
Tolerogenic Dendritic Cells and T-Regulatory Cells at the Clinical Trials Crossroad for the Treatment of Autoimmune Disease; Emphasis on Type 1 Diabetes Therapy (2019)

Tolerogenic dendritic cells and T-regulatory cells are two immune cell populations with the potential to prevent the onset of the clinical stage of type 1 diabetes and to manage the underlying autoimmunity beginning at the time-at-onset and onwards. Initial phase I trials demonstrated that the administration of a number of these cell populations, generated ex vivo from peripheral blood leukocytes, was safe. Outcomes of some of these trials also suggested some level of autoimmunity regulation by the increase in the numbers of regulatory cells at different points in a network of immune regulation in vivo. As these cell populations come to the cusp of pivotal phase II efficacy trials, a number of questions remain to be addressed to verify that at least one mechanism of action is operational and through this mechanism, to identify biomarkers predictive of, and to monitor efficacy in regulation of the underlying autoimmunity. At the same time, the absence of a common phenotype core among the different dendritic cell and T-regulatory cell populations that have completed phase I and early phase II trials necessitates a better understanding of what makes these cells tolerogenic, especially if a uniform phenotypic core cannot be identified. Finally, the inter-relationship of tolerogenic dendritic cells and T-regulatory cells for survival, induction, and maintenance of a tolerogenic state that manages the underlying diabetes autoimmunity raises to possibility to co-administer or even to serially-administer tolerogenic dendritic cells together with T-regulatory cells as a cellular co-therapy, enabling the best possible outcomes. This is currently a gap in knowledge that this review aims to address.
Plenoptic imaging from intensity correlations (2018)

We demonstrate, theoretically and experimentally, the possibility to perform plenoptic imaging by measuring intensity correlations of light. Unlike standard plenoptic procedures, the technique we propose does not sacrifice spatial resolution to achieve directional resolution.
A method to reduce the data-redundancy artifacts for arbitrary source trajectories in CT imaging (2018)

Irregular source trajectory sometimes is used in CT imaging. This includes the intended ones that are often used for improving the reconstructed image quality, and the unintended ones which are resulted from a motion correction process. These irregular trajectories can sometimes cause a problem called data-redundancy, i.e. different voxels of the object may be measured for different times. Failing to handle the data-redundancy may create artifacts in a reconstructed image. We proposed an approach which can correct these artifacts effectively within an acceptable amount of time. The method are based on two assumptions: (1) an (converged) iterative reconstruction is free from artifacts due to the redundancy; (2) The artifacts due to the redundancy are mostly in low-frequency. Based on these assumptions, we are able to extract the artifacts-only image and, with that to correct a normal analytical reconstructed image with artifacts. The results in a real scan study (which is contaminated by patient motion) showed promising results. Most of the artifacts were successfully removed. Further evaluations are required for more trajectories.
Development of Kilogram-Scale Convergent Liquid-Phase Synthesis of Oligonucleotides (2021)

Oligonucleotide drugs show promise to treat diseases afflicting millions of people. To address the need to manufacture large quantities of oligonucleotide therapeutics, the novel convergent liquid-phase synthesis has been developed for an 18-mer oligonucleotide drug candidate. Fragments containing tetra- and pentamers were synthesized and assembled into the 18-mer without column chromatography, which had a similar impurity profile to material made by standard solid-phase oligonucleotide synthesis. Two of the fragments have been synthesized at ∼3 kg/batch sizes and four additional tetra- and pentamer fragments were synthesized at >300-g scale, and a 34-mer was assembled from the fragments. Critical impurities are controlled in the fragment syntheses to provide oligonucleotides of purities suitable for clinical use after applying standard full-length product purification process. Impurity control in the assembly steps demonstrated the potential to eliminate chromatography of full-length oligonucleotides, which should enhance scalability and reduce the environmental impact of the process. The convergent assembly and telescoping of reactions made the long synthesis (>60 reactions) practical by reducing production time, material loss, and chances for impurity generation.
Robust scalable physical layer network coding (2011)

We present a new method of physical layer network coding that transforms the received signal at a relay node before re-transmission by eliminating the unreliable components of the signal. This approach improves the physical layer network coding performance, since only reliable components of the signal are amplified and retransmitted. It also lends itself to a robust and scalable implementation. Simulation results show that the proposed robust scalable physical layer network coding can provide 1 - 2[dB] and 4 - 14 [dB] more coding gain than analog network coding and algebraic network coding schemes in a multi-layer wireless network, respectively, and performs more reliably in a network where there is more noise to remove.