gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
<title>Segmentation technique of complex image scene for an automatic blood-cell-counting system</title> (1996)

The paper presents a method for automatic localization and segmentation of white blood cells (WBCs) with color images to develop an efficient automated leukocyte counter by using pattern recognition-based slide readers. The segmentation techniques consist of the following steps. On the first a smear image acquired at the low magnification. The next is extraction of WBC nuclei by chromatic properties and image mapping. After this the cells clustered according to the distances between them and regions of interest (ROI) determined. Image of ROI captured at the high magnification and its validity checked. Then nucleus segments extracted and grouped into prospective cells. The detection of blood cells is based on the intensity of G image plane and the balance between G and B intensity of the nuclei. A cytoplasm region approximated by a circle area around the nucleus center. Finally, the cytoplasm area cleaned considering a priori knowledge of background color and possible cell occlusions. The result of the segmentation is presented in the form of a cell location list and image template in which every pixel is assigned to a label such as Background, Cytoplasm, Nucleus, Hole, etc. The proposed technique has yielded correct segmentation of complex image scenes for blood smears prepared by ordinary manual staining methods in 99% of tested images.
Story Forms Detection in Text through Concept-Based Co-Clustering (2016)

A story is defined as actors taking actions that culminate in resolutions. In this paper, we extract subject - verb - object relationships from paragraphs and generalize them into semantic conceptual representations. Overlapping generalized concepts and relationships correspond to archetypes/targets and actions that characterize story forms. We present an analytic framework which implements co-clustering based on generalized conceptual relationships to automatically detect such story forms. Co-clustering can help in identifying similarities that exist in low-dimensional sub-spaces of sparse data such as textual paragraphs. Through co-clustering, we detect not only the clusters themselves but also their characteristic features which can be useful in describing and summarizing their contents. We perform co-clustering of stories using two different types of features: standard unigrams/bigrams and generalized concepts. We show that the residual error of factorization with concept-based features is significantly lower than the error with standard keyword-based features. Qualitative evaluations also suggest that concept-based features yield more coherent, distinctive and interesting story forms compared to those produced by using standard keyword-based features.
High-Performance Concurrency Control Mechanisms for Main-Memory Databases (2011)

A database system optimized for in-memory storage can support much higher transaction rates than current systems. However, standard concurrency control methods used today do not scale to the high transaction rates achievable by such systems. In this paper we introduce two efficient concurrency control methods specifically designed for main-memory databases. Both use multiversioning to isolate read-only transactions from updates but differ in how atomicity is ensured: one is optimistic and one is pessimistic. To avoid expensive context switching, transactions never block during normal processing but they may have to wait before commit to ensure correct serialization ordering. We also implemented a main-memory optimized version of single-version locking. Experimental results show that while single-version locking works well when transactions are short and contention is low performance degrades under more demanding conditions. The multiversion schemes have higher overhead but are much less sensitive to hotspots and the presence of long-running transactions.
Object localization using RFID (2010)

Object localization is a key primitive in pervasive computing environments, where numerous applications depend on the rapid and accurate position estimation of objects. We present a general RFID-based localization framework that reliably determines the positions of objects with unprecedented accuracy and speed. This is achieved by varying the power levels of the RFID readers, calibrated against reference tags of known sensitivity. Our implementation and experiments are able to localize objects to an accuracy of 15 cm within a few seconds, and this compares favorably with previous techniques. We also suggest several practical optimizations for further enhancing the speed and accuracy of the method.
Synthesis of 1‐(2,4,6‐trichlorophenyl)‐3‐(3‐nitro‐ and 2‐chloro‐5‐nitroanilino)‐5‐pyrazolones (1979)

Abstract A convenient one flask synthesis of 1‐aryl‐3‐nitroanilino‐5‐pyrazolones in yields of 60–65% is described. Synthesis involves initial reaction of ethyl 3‐ethoxy‐3‐iminopropionate hydrochloride and a nitroaniline in methanol producing an imidate ester. The imidate ester is then reacted with an arylhydrazine forming an amidine. The amidine is then cyclized with base.
Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor: A Novel Human Ovarian Follicular Protein (2002)

Neurotrophins are a family of soluble polypeptide growth factors widely recognized for their roles in the mammalian nervous system. One such neurotrophin, brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) was originally described in the nervous system but has now been shown to be expressed in a variety of nonneuronal tissues including endocrine tissues. We examined the human ovarian follicle for its possible secretion of BDNF and further studied mouse oocytes to determine BDNF's possible influence upon oocyte maturation. In a series of experiments derived from human specimens from in vitro fertilization following oocyte retrieval, BDNF was detected in human follicular fluid. To define the source of BDNF, cumulus granulosa cells (the cells that immediately surround the developing oocyte) were grown in cell culture for 1-2 d. BDNF protein increased over 24 h in the culture medium. Moreover, the release of BDNF was enhanced upon stimulation with cAMP or forskolin, an activator of cAMP. In contrast, mural granulosa (cells lining the follicle), oocytes, and embryos did not release appreciable quantities of BDNF. To examine possible targets of BDNF, mouse studies were used to localize the BDNF receptor, Trk B, immunocytochemically. The receptor was present on the surface of isolated oocytes. Moreover, BDNF promoted mouse oocyte maturation in culture. These experiments demonstrate for the first time the presence and secretion of BDNF from follicular cells in the human ovary and suggest a possible role for BDNF in the regulation and modulation of oocyte maturation.
Diabody-based Recombinant Formats of Humanized IgG-like Bispecific Antibody With Effective Retargeting of Lymphocytes to Tumor Cells (2008)

Recently, recombinant antibodies have been dissected into antigen-binding regions and rebuilt into multivalent high-avidity formats. These new structural designs are expected to improve in vivo pharmacokinetics and efficacy in clinical use. Here, we designed effective recombinant bispecific antibody (BsAb) formats based on hEx3, a humanized bispecific diabody with epidermal growth factor receptor and CD3 retargeting. The bispecific and bivalent IgG-like antibodies engineered from hEx3 (or its single-chain form, hEx3-scDb) and the human Fc region showed stronger binding to each target cell than did monovalent diabody formats, and their affinity was identical to that of the corresponding parent IgG. The bivalent effect of the constructed IgG-like BsAbs resulted in cell cytotoxicity 10 times that of monovalent diabodies, and further, the fusion of Fc portion contributed intense cytotoxicity in peripheral blood mononuclear cells by the induction of the antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity. The growth-inhibition effects of IgG-like BsAbs were superior to those of the approved therapeutic antibody cetuximab, which recognizes the same epidermal growth factor receptor antigen, even when peripheral blood mononuclear cells were used as effector cells. We thus demonstrated a critical improvement in the effect of hEx3 by the bottom-up construction of IgG-like BsAbs; in adoptive immunotherapy, monotherapy without supplemental molecules may be able to induce antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity.
Alternating Poly(ester-anhydride) by Insertion Polycondensation (2016)

We report on a synthetic method where polyanhydride is used as starting material and the ester monomers are inserted through complete esterification, leading to an alternating ester-anhydride copolymer. The molar ratio of ricinoleic acid (RA) and sebacic acid (SA) was optimized until polysebacic acid is completely converted to carboxylic acid-terminated RA-SA and RA-SA-RA ester-dicarboxylic acids. These dimers and trimers were activated with acetic anhydride, polymerized under heat and vacuum to yield alternating RA-SA copolymer. The resulting alternating poly(ester-anhydride) have the RA at regular intervals. The regular occurrences of RA side chains prevent anhydride interchange, enhancing hydrolytic stability, which allows storage of the polymer at room temperature.
Topological Multi-Robot Belief Space Planning in Unknown Environments (2018)

In this paper we introduce a novel concept, topological belief space planning (BSP), that uses topological properties of the underlying factor graph representation of future posterior beliefs to direct the search for an optimal solution. This concept deviates from state-of-the-art BSP approaches and is motivated by recent results which indicated, in the context of graph pruning, that topological properties of factor graphs dominantly determine the estimation accuracy. Topological space is also often less dimensional than the embedded state space. In particular, we show how this novel concept can be used in multi-robot belief space planning in high-dimensional state spaces to overcome drawbacks of state-of-the-art approaches: computational intractability of an exhaustive objective evaluation for all candidate path combinations from different robots and dependence on the initial guess in the announced path approach, which can lead to a local minimum of the objective function. We demonstrate our approach in a synthetic simulation.
A Comparison of H-Pin and Hairpin Polyamide Motifs for the Recognition of the Minor Groove of DNA (1998)

Solid-phase polyamide synthesis is extended to the H-pin motif using a Boc-protected bispyrrole monomer and bidirectional synthesis. Sequence-specific recognition of a designated seven base pair target site is achieved by the formation of a 10-ring H-pin polyamide⋅DNA complex in the minor groove. DNA binding properties are compared with the corresponding hairpin polyamides (see below).
Image splicing detection using 2-D phase congruency and statistical moments of characteristic function (2007)

A new approach to efficient blind image splicing detection is proposed in this paper. Image splicing is the process of making a composite picture by cutting and joining two or more photographs. The spliced image may introduce a number of sharp transitions such as lines, edges and corners. Phase congruency has been known as a sensitive measure of these sharp transitions and hence been proposed as features for splicing detection. In addition to the phase information, the magnitude information is also used for splicing detection. Specifically, statistical moments of characteristic functions of wavelet subbands have been examined to catch the difference between the authentic images and spliced images. Consequently, the proposed scheme extracts image features from moments of wavelet characteristic functions and 2-D phase congruency for image splicing detection. The experiments have demonstrated that the proposed approach can achieve a higher detection rate as compared with the state-of-the-art.
Synthesis of 9-(2,3-Dideoxy-2-fluoro-β-<scp>d</scp>-<i>t</i><i>hreo</i>-pentofuranosyl)adenine (FddA) via a Purine 3‘-Deoxynucleoside (2001)

A synthesis of 9-(2,3-dideoxy-2-fluoro-beta-D-threo-pentofuranosyl)adenine (1, FddA) via a 6-chloro-9-(3-deoxy-beta-D-erythro-pentofuranosyl)-9H-purine (9), which was readily obtained from inosine (5), is described. Fluorination at the C2'-beta position of the purine 3'-deoxynucleoside with diethylaminosulfur trifluoride was improved by the introduction of a 6-chloro group and proceeded in moderate yield. Purine 3'-deoxynucleoside derivatives were also subjected to nucleophilic reactions with triethylamine trihydrofluoride and gave the desired fluorinated nucleoside in good yield. The safety and yield of the fluorination process were greatly improved by the use of triethylamine trihydrofluoride. The influence of the sugar ring conformation and 6-chloro group on the rate of the nucleophilic reaction against elimination are also discussed.
Pimavanserin, a selective serotonin (5-HT)2A-inverse agonist, enhances the efficacy and safety of risperidone, 2mg/day, but does not enhance efficacy of haloperidol, 2mg/day: Comparison with reference dose risperidone, 6mg/day (2012)

Most atypical antipsychotic drugs (APDs), e.g. risperidone (RIS), produce more extensive blockade of brain serotonin (5-HT)(2A) than dopamine (DA) D(2) receptors. This distinguishes them from typical APDs, e.g. haloperidol (HAL). Our objective was to test the hypothesis that augmentation of low doses of RIS or HAL (2mg/day) with pimavanserin (PIM), a selective 5-HT(2A) inverse agonist, to enhance 5-HT(2A) receptor blockade, can achieve efficacy comparable to RIS, 6mg/day, but with lesser side effects. In a multi-center, randomized, double-blind, 6week trial, 423 patients with chronic schizophrenia experiencing a recent exacerbation of psychotic symptoms were randomized to RIS2mg+placebo (RIS2PBO), RIS2mg+PIM20mg (RIS2PIM), RIS6mg+PBO (RIS6PBO), HAL2mg+PBO (HAL2PBO), or HAL2mg+PIM20mg (HAL2PIM). Improvement in psychopathology was measured by the PANSS and CGI-S. The reduction in PANSS Total Score with RIS2PIM at endpoint was significantly greater than RIS2PBO: -23.0 vs. -16.3 (p=0.007), and not significantly different from the RIS6PBO group: -23.2 points. The percentage of patients with ≥20% improvement at day 15 in the RIS2PIM group was 62.3%, significantly greater than the RIS6PBO (42.1%; p=0.01) and the RIS2PBO groups (37.7%; p=0.002). Weight gain and hyperprolactinemia were greater in the RIS6PBO group than the RIS2PIM group but there was no difference in extrapyramidal side effects (EPS). HAL2PBO and HAL2PIM were not significantly different from each other in efficacy but HAL2PIM had less EPS at end point. Both HAL groups and RIS6PBO showed equal improvement in psychopathology at endpoint, indicating HAL 2mg/day is effective to treat an acute exacerbation in chronic schizophrenia patients. In conclusion, a sub-effective RIS dose combined with PIM to enhance 5-HT(2A) receptor blockade provided faster onset of action, and at endpoint, equal efficacy and better safety, compared to standard dose RIS. These results support the conclusion that 5-HT(2A) receptor blockade is a key component of the action of some atypical APDs and can reduce EPS due to a typical APD.
Obstacle State Estimation For Imminent Crash Prediction & amp; Countermeasure Deployment Decision-Making (2003)

This paper describes how predictive crash sensing and deployment control of safety systems require reliable and accurate kinematic information about potential obstacles in the host vehicle environment. The projected trajectories of obstacles in the path of the vehicle assist in activation of safety systems either before, or just after collision, for improved occupant protection. An analysis of filtering and estimation techniques applied to imminent crash conditions are presented in this paper. Optimization of design criteria used to achieve required response performance, and noise minimization, are evaluated based on the safety system to be activated. The predicted target information is applied in the coordinated deployment of injury mitigation safety systems.
Novel method for non-invasive blood pressure measurement from the finger using an optical system based on dynamic light scattering (2019)

Self-measurement of blood pressure (BP) is important for monitoring treatment of hypertension, but current instruments are cumbersome and at times also impractical, especially for the older population. Current optical solutions, such as PPG-based technologies that were developed for improving convenience, provide derived measurements that are often inaccurate, particularly for diastolic values. Alternatively, by using dynamic light scattering (DLS) we are able to measure the direct hemodynamic response. We propose a simple physical model that explains the relation between arterial pressure values and the hemodynamic response which is measured from the finger root following changes in externally applied pressure. Based on this model we have developed a small-scaled, optical, mobile device that measures BP at the finger using dynamic light scattering. The apparatus is positioned at the base of the index finger and contains a ring with an inflatable cuff with two miniaturized dynamic light scattering (mDLS) sensors situated distal to the cuff. The cuff is inflated to above systolic pressure, and changes in blood flow (hemodynamics) are measured during cuff deflation. BP measurement is carried out using specially designed algorithms based on hemodynamic indexes and waveform analysis which capture systolic and diastolic points in real-time. Using this apparatus, we measured BP from 69 patients visiting a hypertension outpatient clinic, and a control group of 15 healthy subjects. BP readings were compared with measurements recorded at the arm location with an Omron device used in the clinic. The mean absolute error (MAE) for systolic and diastolic blood pressure was 7.8 and 9 mmHg, respectively at all ranges of BP measured. In conclusion, using Elfi-Tech's innovative technology, it is possible to measure BP accurately at the finger location using a compact, convenient mDLS-based device with high accuracy.
Pharmacotherapeutic Interventions for Cocaine Abuse: (1991)

The therapeutic management of the cocaine addict deals with a wide range of physical and psychological withdrawal symptoms, including a sometimes overwhelming craving for cocaine. Many medications have been used in the treatment of cocaine withdrawal and dependence, using as a rationale, known pharmacologic effects of cocaine on neurotransmitters. Animal observations related to dopamine depletion, receptor supersensitivity, cocaine-induced kindling, and serotonin depletion have all generated pharmacotherapeutic interventions for cocaine abuse. An extensive review of the use of these agents is presented. Pharmacotherapeutic strategies in dealing with the methadone-maintained cocaine abuser are considered. Future areas of interest and limitations of pharmacotherapy in dealing with cocaine abuse are discussed.
New Anti-infective Coatings of Surgical Sutures Based on a Combination of Antiseptics and Fatty Acids (2009)

Wound infection is a complication feared in surgery. The aim of this study was to develop new anti-infective coatings of surgical sutures and to compare the anti-microbial effectiveness and biocompatibility to the well-established Vicryl Plus. Synthetic absorbable PGA surgical sutures were coated with three different chlorhexidine concentrations and two different octenidine concentrations in combination with palmitic acid and lauric acid. Drug-release kinetics lasting 96 h were studied in phosphate-buffered saline at 37 degrees C. Anti-infective characteristics were determined by measuring the change in optical density of Staphylococcus aureus suspensions charged with coated sutures over time. Microorganisms adsorbed at the surface of coated sutures were assessed on blood agar plates and coated sutures eluted for 24 h were placed on bacterial lawns cultured on Mueller-Hinton plates to prove retained anti-microbial potency. A cell proliferation assay was performed to assess the degree of cytotoxicity. Anti-infective characteristics and biocompatibility were compared to Vicryl Plus. A coating technology for slow-release drug-delivery systems on surgical sutures could be developed. All coatings showed a continuous drug release within 96 h. Individual chlorhexidine and octenidine coated sutures showed superior anti-infective characteristics but inferior biocompatibility in comparison to Vicryl Plus. We conclude that the developed anti-infective suture coatings consisting of lipid-based drug-delivery systems in combination with antiseptics are highly effective against bacterial colonization in vitro; however, drug doses have to be adjusted to improve biocompatibility.
Collagen type IX: Evidence for covalent linkages to type II collagen in cartilage (1987)

A major site of pyridinoline cross-linking in bovine type IX collagen was traced to a tryptic peptide derived from one of the molecule's HMW chains. This peptide gave two amino acid sequences (in 2/1 ratio) consistent with it being a three-chained structure. The major sequence matched exactly that of the C-telopeptide of type II collagen from the same tissue. A second HMW chain that contained pyridinoline cross-links also gave two amino-terminal sequences, one from its own amino terminus, the other matching exactly the N-telopeptide cross-linking sequence of type II collagen. We conclude that type IX collagen molecules are covalently cross-linked in cartilage to molecules of type II collagen, probably at fibril surfaces.
A Universal Code-Modulated Path-Sharing Multi-Antenna Receiver (2008)

Conventional multi-antenna systems require multiple RF chains, baseband blocks, and analog-to-digital converters (ADC) in the receiver front-end, mandating substantial increases in power consumption and chip area. In this paper, we introduce a new universal code-modulated path-sharing multi-antenna (CPMA) receiver architecture suitable for any multi-antenna scheme including spatial multiplexing and spatial diversity. The receiver utilizes code modulation to distinguish different antenna signals before combining them in the analog domain. The combined signals propagate through a single shared path and are later recovered in the digital domain for further processing. Due to the spread spectrum nature of code modulation, a larger bandwidth is required for the blocks in the shared path. To alleviate this effect, we examine the use of non-orthogonal signature codes. Analysis and simulation results indicate that by properly selecting non-orthogonal code sets, the spreading factor, and therefore, the overall analog signal bandwidth is reduced while incurring minimal performance degradation.
A simple method to test condoms for penetration by viruses (1992)

A method by which virus penetration through condoms can be tested with simple, inexpensive equipment is described. The method uses chi X174 bacteriophage as the challenge virus and physiologically relevant pressure. Penetration by 0.1 microliters (or less) of challenge suspension can be readily detected. As examples, latex and natural-membrane condoms were examined.
Improved Design Guidelines for the Ultra Wideband Monopole-Dielectric Resonator Antenna (2006)

This letter examines in detail multiple resonance phenomenon responsible for the ultra wideband response of the hybrid monopole-dielectric resonator antenna (DRA). The physical insight gained by this investigation has lead to improved guidelines for designing the antennas for any specified frequency band. These simple guidelines are then verified using both simulated and measured data.
Linear electrical dispersion compensation of 40Gb/s polarization multiplex DQPSK using coherent detection (2008)

40-Gb/s polarization multiplex DQPSK is transmitted (based on real time BER measurements) over 0 to 75 km of standard single-mode fiber using coherent detection and linear electrical dispersion compensation with 2 dB dispersion tolerance of 640 ps/nm.