gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Enhancing the carrying capacity of a DWDM network (2004)

Routing and wavelength assignment problems occupy a central place in the design of DWDM networks. More recent studies have proposed means to achieve fairness among traffic classes that traverse multiple nodes over a light-path operating under the wavelength continuity constraint. This paper focuses on the traffic carrying capacity of the network as a whole, and it proposes means to enhance the same using techniques of wavebanding and preferential treatment to different classes of traffic. We use example topologies to illustrate the impact of different disciplines on traffic classes.
Dual Contrast - Magnetic Resonance Fingerprinting (DC-MRF): A Platform for Simultaneous Quantification of Multiple MRI Contrast Agents (2017)

Injectable Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) contrast agents have been widely used to provide critical assessments of disease for both clinical and basic science imaging research studies. The scope of available MRI contrast agents has expanded over the years with the emergence of molecular imaging contrast agents specifically targeted to biological markers. Unfortunately, synergistic application of more than a single molecular contrast agent has been limited by MRI's ability to only dynamically measure a single agent at a time. In this study, a new Dual Contrast - Magnetic Resonance Fingerprinting (DC - MRF) methodology is described that can detect and independently quantify the local concentration of multiple MRI contrast agents following simultaneous administration. This "multi-color" MRI methodology provides the opportunity to monitor multiple molecular species simultaneously and provides a practical, quantitative imaging framework for the eventual clinical translation of molecular imaging contrast agents.
Epitope mapping of human centromere autoantigen centromere protein C (CENP-C); heterogeneity of anti-CENP-C response in rheumatic diseases. (1998)

The results indicated the existence of different anti-CENP-C responses in rheumatic diseases and a possible correlation between antigenic regions and functional sites in the CENP-C antigen.
The development of vehicle stability control at Ford (1999)

Addresses realistic subjects encountered in the challenge of achieving technology improvement in a vehicle stability control system. They include driver intent recognition, vehicle status measurement and estimation, control target generation, system actuation efficiency and smoothness, road bank angle detection, system development and evaluation, and fault detection.
Efficient Synthesis of 1,4,7‐Triazacyclononane and 1,4,7‐Triazacyclononane‐Based Bifunctional Chelators for Bioconjugation (2014)

Abstract The reaction of diethylenetriamine with chloroacetaldehyde yielded a bicyclic aminal intermediate for the synthesis of 1,4,7‐triazacyclononane (TACN), a macrocyclic polyamine the derivatives of which find applications as catalysts, bleaching agents, and chelators for medical imaging. This new synthetic protocol outperforms the synthetic methods described so far because it does not involve any cyclization step. Moreover, this aminal intermediate allowed access to a new family of TACN derivatives functionalized on the carbon skeleton, for example, C ‐aminomethyl‐TACN. This novel compound is a precursor of valuable bifunctional chelating agents for nuclear medicine, in particular, for the preparation of PET imaging agents after bioconjugation and metallation with 68 Ga or 64 Cu.
High‐solids biphasic CO<sub>2</sub>–H<sub>2</sub>O pretreatment of lignocellulosic biomass (2010)

A high pressure (200 bar) CO(2)-H(2)O process was developed for pretreating lignocellulosic biomass at high-solid contents, while minimizing chemical inputs. Hardwood was pretreated at 20 and 40 (wt.%) solids. Switchgrass, corn stover, big bluestem, and mixed perennial grasses (a co-culture of big bluestem and switchgrass) were pretreated at 40 (wt.%) solids. Operating temperatures ranged from 150 to 250 degrees C, and residence times from 20 s to 60 min. At these conditions a biphasic mixture of an H(2)O-rich liquid (hydrothermal) phase and a CO(2)-rich supercritical phase coexist. Following pretreatment, samples were then enzymatically hydrolyzed. Total yields, defined as the fraction of the theoretical maximum, were determined for glucose, hemicellulose sugars, and two degradation products: furfural and 5-hydroxymethylfurfural. Response surfaces of yield as a function of temperature and residence time were compared for different moisture contents and biomass species. Pretreatment at 170 degrees C for 60 min gave glucose yields of 77%, 73%, and 68% for 20 and 40 (wt.%) solids mixed hardwood and mixed perennial grasses, respectively. Pretreatment at 160 degrees C for 60 min gave glucan to glucose yields of 81% for switchgrass and 85% for corn stover.
Detection of Carbapenemase Producers in Enterobacteriaceae by Use of a Novel Screening Medium (2012)

A Drigalski agar-based culture medium containing an ertapenem, cloxacillin, and zinc sulfate (Supercarba medium) was tested for screening carbapenemase-producing members of the family Enterobacteriaceae. OXA-48 (n = 44), NDM (n = 25), VIM or IMP (n = 27), and KPC producers (n = 18) were detected with a low detection limit. Its overall sensitivity (95.6%) was higher than those of the currently available ChromID ESBL (bioMérieux) and CHROMagar KPC (CHROMagar) screening media. The Supercarba medium provides a significant improvement for detection of the most common types of carbapenemase producers.
An LTV Analysis of the Frequency Translational Noise-Cancelling Receiver (2013)

The recently proposed Frequency-Translational Noise-Cancelling receiver demonstrates exceptional out-of-band linearity, a low noise factor, and wideband operation. Fundamental to the receiver's performance is the use of two passive-mixer-based downconversion paths, which delays noise-cancelling until after baseband filtering. As a result, voltage gain at blocker frequencies can be avoided, but the benefits of noise cancelling (i.e., wideband operation and low noise) can be retained. Although a simplified LTI analysis is sufficient to understanding the basic noise properties of the system, such an analysis cannot yield accurate closed-form expressions because it neglects the many signal and noise folding terms introduced by the two passive mixers. In this work, a complete LTV analysis is presented, which accurately captures both the gain and noise performance of the noise-cancelling receiver. Simulation results verify the analysis.
<title>Automated MTF analyzer for spectacle lenses</title> (1997)

An optical testing instrument, the Eyeglass Image Quality Mapper, has been developed that maps the power, astigmatism, and modulation transfer function over the surface of a progressive addition eyeglass lens. This instrument models the manner in which the eye views different regions of the lens and is automated so that testing can be performed without supervision and in a reasonable amount of time.In this paper, we describe the concept development, final design, and use of the instrument.
A Vacuum-Assisted Plastic Repair Splice for Joining Optical Fiber Ribbons (1979)

A vacuum-assisted, injection-molded, repair splice has been developed for joining linear arrays of optical fibers (fiber ribbons). We describe the assembly tool and procedure followed to fabricate an optical fiber ribbon repair splice. The use of vacuum assist in the connector itself during the assembly process allows one to easily hold the fibers in their grooves and greatly simplifies the assembly tools and procedures required to fabricate a splice. Numerous ribbon splices were made both in the laboratory and in a manhole test facility in an effort to evaluate the quality of the splices obtained using this splicing method. The average splice loss was 0.2 dB with 95 percent of the splice joints having losses less than 0.7 dB.
Surface Site Modulations by Conjugated Organic Molecules To Enhance Visible Light Activity of ZnO Nanostructures in Photocatalytic Water Splitting (2015)

Surface modification of ZnO nanoparticles is identified as a method of modulating surface sites advantageously. ZnO nanoparticles of two different sizes are surface modified with a conjugated organic moiety to enable electron conduction and transfer. Enhanced H2 evolution from water–methanol mixtures was observed in the composite systems compared to pristine ZnO under visible light irradiation without any cocatalyst. The system is also marginally active in water splitting in pure water without any sacrificial agents. Photophysical characterization indicates that even though reducing size into the nanoregime affects the band gap detrimentally, modifications by simple conjugated organic molecules assist in enhanced visible light activity. The experimental observations are corroborated with computational studies, which also point to a localization of valence band maximum of the interface on the organic moiety and conduction band minimum on ZnO.
Decoupling dynamic program analysis from execution in virtual environments (2008)

Analyzing the behavior of running programs has a wide variety of compelling applications, from intrusion detection and prevention to bug discovery. Unfortunately, the high runtime overheads imposed by complex analysis techniques makes their deployment impractical in most settings. We present a virtual machine based architecture called Aftersight ameliorates this, providing a flexible and practical way to run heavyweight analyses on production workloads. Aftersight decouples analysis from normal execution by logging nondeterministic VM inputs and replaying them on a separate analysis platform. VM output can be gated on the results of an analysis for intrusion prevention or analysis can run at its own pace for intrusion detection and best effort prevention. Logs can also be stored for later analysis offline for bug finding or forensics, allowing analyses that would otherwise be unusable to be applied ubiquitously. In all cases, multiple analyses can be run in parallel, added on demand, and are guaranteed not to interfere with the running workload. We present our experience implementing Aftersight as part of the VMware virtual machine platform and using it to develop a realtime intrusion detection and prevention system, as well as an an offline system for bug detection, which we used to detect numerous novel and serious bugs in VMware ESX Server, Linux, and Windows applications.
A Digital PFC Controller without Input Voltage Sensing (2007)

This paper introduces a novel digital PFC (DPFC) control approach that requires no input voltage sensing or current loop compensation, yet results in low-harmonic operation over a universal input voltage range and loads ranging from high-power operation in continuous conduction mode down to near-zero load. The controller is based on low-resolution DPWM and A/D converters, requires no microcontroller or DSP programming, and is well suited for a simple, low-cost integrated-circuit realization, or as an HDL core suitable for integration with other power control functions. Experimental verification results are shown for a 500 W boost PFC rectifier.
Planning to gather inforrnation (1996)

We describe Occam, a query planning algorithm that determines the best way to integrate data from different sources. As input, Occam takes a library of site descriptions and a user query. As output, Occam automatically generates one or more plans that encode alternative ways to gather the requested information.

Occam has several important features: (1) it integrates both legacy systems and full relational databases with an efficient, domain-independent, query-planning algorithm, (2) it reasons about the capabilities of different information sources, (3) it handles partial goal satisfaction i.e., gathers as much data as possible when it can't gather exactly all that the user requested, (4) it is both sound and complete, (5) it is efficient. We present empirical results demonstrating Occam's performance on a variety of information gathering tasks.
Comparison of Optical Self-Phase Locked Loop Techniques for Frequency Stabilization of Oscillators (2014)

Self-phase locked loop (SPLL) through long optical delay lines is investigated for improving the phase noise of the optoelectronic oscillator (OEO) and the voltage-controlled oscillator (VCO). This paper features analytical modeling of close-in to carrier phase noise of oscillators employing SPLL technique using single and multiple delay loops. Experimental results are also provided to verify the analytical modeling and explore critical circuit design parameters to achieve substantial phase noise reduction. Performance comparison is presented for SPLL using electrical phase shifter, Mach-Zehnder modulator (MZM)-based phase shifting, and electrical VCO. Phase noise reduction of 65 dB at 1-kHz offset is achieved for an electrical VCO employing a dual-loop SPLL with 3- and 5-km optical fiber delay lines, whereas the phase locking based on MZM and electrical phase shifter provided 20- and 38-dB reductions at 1-kHz offset for an OEO, respectively.
Critical are computation for missing material defects in VLSI circuits (2001)

We address the problem of computing critical area for missing material defects in a circuit layout. The extraction of critical area is the main computational problem in VLSI yield prediction. Missing material defects cause open circuits and are classified into breaks and via-blocks. Our approach is based on the L 1 medial axis of polygons and the weighted L 1 Voronoi diagram of segments. The critical area problem for both breaks and via-blocks is reduced to a weighted L 1 Voronoi diagram of segments. This reduction results in a plane sweep algorithm to compute critical area in one pass. The time complexity is O(n log n) in the case of breaks and O(n log n + K) in the case of via-blocks, where n is the size of the input and K is bounded by the number of interacting vias (in practice K is small). The critical area computation assumes square defects and reflects all possible defect sizes following the D(r) = r20/ r3 defect size distribution. The method is presented for rectilinear layouts.
Molecules for Charge-Based Information Storage (2011)

The inexorable drive to miniaturize information storage and processing devices has fueled the dreams of scientists pursuing molecular electronics: researchers in the field envisage exquisitely tailored molecular materials fulfilling the functions now carried out by semiconductors. A bottom-up assembly of such all-molecular devices would complement, if not supplant, the present top-down lithographic procedures of modern semiconductor fabrication. Short of these grand aspirations, a more near-term objective is to construct hybrid architectures wherein molecules are incorporated in semiconductor-based devices. Such a combined approach exploits the advantages of molecules for selected device functions while retaining the well-developed lithographic approaches for fabrication of the overall chip. In this Account, we survey more than a decade of results from our research programs to employ porphyrin molecules as charge-storage elements in hybrid semiconductor-molecular dynamic random access memory. Porphyrins are attractive for a variety of reasons: they meet the stability criteria for use in real-world applications, they are readily prepared and tailored synthetically, they undergo read-write processes at low potential, and they store charge for extended periods (up to minutes) in the absence of applied potential. Porphyrins typically exhibit two cationic redox states. Molecular architectures with greater than two cationic redox states are achieved by combinations of porphyrins in a variety of structures (for example, dyads, wherein the porphyrins have distinct potentials, triple deckers, and dyads of triple deckers). The incorporation of porphyrins in hybrid architectures has also required diverse tethers (alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, aryl, and combinations thereof) and attachment groups (alcohol, thiol, selenol, phosphonate, and hydrocarbon) for linkage to a variety of surfaces (Au, Si, SiO(2), TiN, Ge, and so forth). The porphyrins as monolayers exhibit high charge density and are robust to high-temperature excursions (400 °C for 30 min) under inert atmosphere conditions. Even higher charge densities, which are invaluable for device applications, were achieved by in situ formation of porphyrin polymers or by stepwise growth of porphyrin-imide oligomers. The various molecular architectures have been investigated by diverse surface characterization methods, including ellipsometry, atomic force microscopy, FTIR spectroscopy, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, as well as a variety of electrochemical methods. These studies have further revealed that the porphyrin layers are robust under conditions of deposition of a top metal contact. The results to date indicate the superior features of selected molecular architectures for molecular electronics applications. The near-term utilization of such materials depends on further work for appropriate integration in semiconductor-based devices, whereas ultimate adoption may depend on advances that remain far afield, such as the development of fully bottom-up assembly processes.
ALL-1 tandem duplication in acute myeloid leukemia with a normal karyotype involves homologous recombination between Alu elements. (1994)

Rearrangements of the ALL-1 gene by reciprocal translocations involving chromosome band 11q23 are frequently associated with human acute leukemia. We have previously reported the detection of ALL-1 gene rearrangements in adult patients with acute myeloid leukemia lacking cytogenetic evidence of 11q23 translocations. These included 2 of 19 patients with normal karyotypes as well as 3 of 4 patients with trisomy 11 as a sole cytogenetic abnormality. Rearrangement of the ALL-1 genes in two of the patients with trisomy 11 was shown to result from a direct tandem duplication of a portion of the gene spanning exons 2-6. Here we report the characterization of the ALL-1 gene rearrangement in one of the previously reported acute myeloid leukemia patients with a normal karyotype. ALL-1 rearrangement in this patient results from a direct tandem duplication of a portion of the gene spanning exons 2-8. RNA polymerase chain reaction and DNA sequence analysis show that the partially duplicated ALL-1 gene is transcribed into mRNA capable of encoding a partially duplicated protein. Sequence analysis of the genomic fusion region provides evidence for Alu-mediated homologous recombination as a mechanism for partial duplication of the ALL-1 gene.
Hypoxia-induced mitogenic factor (HIMF/FIZZ1/RELMα) induces the vascular and hemodynamic changes of pulmonary hypertension (2009)

Pulmonary hypertension (PH) is a serious disease of multiple etiologies mediated by hypoxia, immune stimuli, and elevated pulmonary pressure that leads to vascular thickening and eventual right heart failure. In a chronic hypoxia model of PH, we previously reported the induction of a novel pleiotropic cytokine, hypoxia-induced mitogenic factor (HIMF), that exhibits mitogenic, vasculogenic, contractile, and chemokine properties during PH-associated vascular remodeling. To examine the role of HIMF in hypoxia-induced vascular remodeling, we performed in vivo knockdown of HIMF using short hairpin RNA directed at rat HIMF in the chronic hypoxia model of PH. Knockdown of HIMF partially blocked increases in mean pulmonary artery pressure, pulmonary vascular resistance, right heart hypertrophy, and vascular remodeling caused by chronic hypoxia. To demonstrate a direct role for HIMF in the mechanism of PH development, we performed HIMF-gene transfer into the lungs of rats using a HIMF-expressing adeno-associated virus (AAV). AAV-HIMF alone caused development of PH similar to that of chronic hypoxia with increased mean pulmonary artery pressure and pulmonary vascular resistance, right heart hypertrophy, and neomuscularization and thickening of small pulmonary arterioles. The findings suggest that HIMF represents a critical cytokine-like growth factor in the development of PH.
Immunological cross-reactivity of antibodies to a synthetic undecapeptide analogous to the amino terminal segment of carcinoembryonic antigen, with the intact protein and with human sera. (1976)

A peptide corresponding to the 11 amino acid residues of the NH2-terminal portion in the sequence of carcinoembryonic antigen(CNTHETIC CEA(1-11) peptide was attached by means of a water-soluble carbodiimide reagent to multichain poly(DL-alanine( as well as to bovine serum albumin. Both macromolecular conjugates provoked in rabbit anti-CEA(1-11) peptide antibodies. The specificity of this immunological system and the crossreactivity between the peptide and intact CEA were investigated by two methods--passive hemagglutination and modified bacteriophage inactivation. Hemmagglutination experiments showed that not only anti-CEA(1-11) sera, but also anti-CEA sera, agglutinated CEA(1-11)-coated sheep erythrocytes, and both these reactions were inhibited with CEA(1-11) peptide. In experiments with the chemically modified bacteriophage technique CEA(1-11)-coated phase was efficiently inactivated with antisera against the CEA(1-11) conjugates, and the inactivation reaction could be totally inhibited with the free peptide. The semipure CEA, but not the pure protein, could also inhibit the phage inactivation, even though less efficiently. On the basis of the above results, sera of some cancer patients were tested for their capacity to inhibit the inactivation of CEA(1-11)-coated phage by means of anti-CEA(1-11) antiserum. The results indicate that sera from a large proportion of patients with adenocarcinomas of the digestive tract, pancreas, and breast are capable of inhibiting the above inactivation, whereas most normal sera do not inhibit.
A New Phylogenetic Cluster of Cereulide-Producing <i>Bacillus cereus</i> Strains (2007)

Phenotypic and molecular studies have established that cereulide-producing strains of Bacillus cereus are a distinct and probably recently emerged clone within the Bacillus population. We analyzed a set of B. cereus strains, both cereulide producers and nonproducers, by multilocus sequence typing. Consistent with earlier reports, nonproducers demonstrated high heterogeneity. Most cereulide-producing strains and all flagellar antigen type H1 strains were allocated to the known sequence type of exclusively emetic B. cereus strains. Several cereulide-producing strains, however, were recovered at a new phylogenetic location, all of which were serotype H3 or H12. We hypothesize that the group of cereulide producers is diversifying progressively, probably by lateral transfer of the corresponding gene complex.
Polyimides containing carbonyl and ether connecting groups. III (1991)

Abstract Several new polyimides were prepared from the reaction of three aromatic dianhydrides with two new methyl substituted aromatic diamines containing carbonyl and ether connecting groups between the aromatic rings. The diamines were prepared from the reactions of 3‐methyl‐4‐aminophenol and 3,5‐dimethyl‐4‐aminophenol with 1,3‐bis(4‐fluorobenzoyl) benzene in the presence of potassium carbonate. The 300°C cured polyimides containing methyl substituents were shown to be armorphous by wide angle X‐ray diffraction and exhibited glass transition temperatures between 231–281°C. The properties of these new polyimides containing methyl substituents were compared with polymides of the same chemical structure but without methyl substituents.