gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Modified minimum-distance criterion for blended random and nonrandom encoding (1999)

Two pixel-oriented methods for designing Fourier transform holograms--pseudorandom encoding and minimum-distance encoding-usually produce higher-fidelity reconstructions when combined than those produced by each method individually. In previous studies minimum-distance encoding was defined as the mapping from the desired complex value to the closest value produced by the modulator. This method is compared with a new minimum-distance criterion in which the desired complex value is mapped to the closest value that can be realized by pseudorandom encoding. Simulations and experimental measurements using quantized phase and amplitude modulators show that the modified approach to blended encoding produces more faithful reconstructions than those of the previous method.
Innovative Ram Air Turbine for Airborne Power Generation (2015)

An innovative high power density and low drag ram air turbine for airborne power generation has been developed. Future systems on military and commercial aircraft will require greater electrical power. Unfortunately, expanding the capacity of the electrical systems on current aircraft and ones in development can result in costly design changes, require recertification, and significantly impact performance. Powering these systems locally with batteries is often considered. However, operation time is limited by the battery and the additional weight can limit aircraft range. The innovative ram air turbine design configuration described here has a power density that can be significantly higher than batteries and a lower drag and greater integration flexibility than conventional ram air turbines. Unlike batteries, which have a finite specific energy, the ram air turbine is only limited by the flight time of the vehicle. This system has a ducted turbine located in a pod or fuselage interior, unlike current ram air turbines that are externally mounted and require direct exposure to the free-stream flow. The internally mounted ram air turbine contributes less to overall aerodynamic drag than current ram air turbines, allows for more power to be extracted in an equivalent design space, and offers reduced radar signature compared to present externally-bladed turbines. Computational analyses along with wind tunnel testing have been conducted in support of this design. A 25-inch (0.635 m) diameter turbine demonstrated 110 kW of electrical power over a wide range of Mach numbers and simulated altitudes.
Measurement of heat flux and heat transfer coefficient during continuous cryogen spray cooling for laser dermatologic surgery (2001)

Cryogen spray cooling (CSC) has been used for selective epidermal cooling of human skin during laser therapy of patients with port wine stain (PWS) birthmarks. Unfortunately, current commercial CSC devices do not provide optimal cooling selectivity and, therefore, provide insufficient epidermal protection for some PWS patients. To assist in the development of improved atomizing nozzle designs, a reliable method to quantify the CSC heat flux is needed. We introduce a novel method to determine the heat flux (q/sub s/) and heat transfer coefficient (h) at the surface of a sprayed object, based on measurements of steady-state temperature gradients along a thin copper rod during continuous cryogen spraying. For an atomizing nozzle of inner diameter d/sub N/ = 0.7 mm, we found that q/sub s/ varies from 15 to 130 W/cm/sup 2/ and h increases nonlinearly from 15000 to 35000 W/m/sup 2/.K in the explored range of surface temperatures (T/sub s/, from -32 to -7/spl deg/C). Values of q/sub s/ obtained with a wider diameter nozzle (d/sub N/ = 1.4 mm) are approximately twice as large than those of the narrow nozzle. The corresponding values of h are significantly higher (32000-40000 W/m/sup 2/.K) and almost independent of T/sub s/ within the same temperature range. When combined with fast flashlamp photography (FFLP) of spray shapes and sprayed surfaces, the results demonstrate that the liquid cryogen layer, as deposited by finely atomized sprays from narrower nozzles, can significantly impair q/sub s/. In contrast, the higher-momentum impact of coarser sprays from wider nozzles reduces the thickness of the liquid layer in the impact area and/or enhances convection within it, yielding a larger q/sub s/.
Synthesis of the New Large-Pore Zeolite ECR-1 (1989)

ECR-1 is a new 12-ring zeolite which crystallizes as a boundary phase between the crystallization fields of mazzite and mordenite when bis (2-hydroxyethyl) dimethyl- ammonium or bis (2-hydroxypropyl) dimethyl ammonium cations are present in the synthesis gels. Synthesis studies show that cocrystallization of these latter zeolites is rare and that nucleation parameters may dominate compositional stability.
Scalable Virtual Optical Network Mapping over Software-Defined Flexible Grid Optical Networks (2015)

Software-defined flexible grid optical networks enable new revenue opportunities through delivery of virtual optical network (VON) services. This paper presents a scalable VON mapper for mapping large number of VON demands with different service attributes.
Capabilities of infrared weld monitor (1997)

A non-obtrusive, pre-aligned, solid-state device has been developed to monitor the primary infrared emissions during laser welding. The weld monitor output is a 100-1000 mV signal that depends on the beam power and weld characteristics. The DC level of this signal is related to weld penetration, while AC portions of the output can be correlated with surface irregularities and part misalignment or contamination. Changes in DC behavior are also noted for both full and deep penetration welds. Full penetration welds are signified by an abrupt reduction in the weld monitor output. Bead on plate welds were made on steel, aluminum, and magnesium with both a CW CO2 laser and a pulsed Nd:YAG laser to explore the relationships between the weld characteristics and the weld monitor output.
Architecture and Assembly of HIV Integrase Multimers in the Absence of DNA Substrates (2013)

We have applied small angle x-ray scattering and protein cross-linking coupled with mass spectrometry to determine the architectures of full-length HIV integrase (IN) dimers in solution. By blocking interactions that stabilize either a core-core domain interface or N-terminal domain intermolecular contacts, we show that full-length HIV IN can form two dimer types. One is an expected dimer, characterized by interactions between two catalytic core domains. The other dimer is stabilized by interactions of the N-terminal domain of one monomer with the C-terminal domain and catalytic core domain of the second monomer as well as direct interactions between the two C-terminal domains. This organization is similar to the "reaching dimer" previously described for wild type ASV apoIN and resembles the inner, substrate binding dimer in the crystal structure of the PFV intasome. Results from our small angle x-ray scattering and modeling studies indicate that in the absence of its DNA substrate, the HIV IN tetramer assembles as two stacked reaching dimers that are stabilized by core-core interactions. These models of full-length HIV IN provide new insight into multimer assembly and suggest additional approaches for enzyme inhibition.
Automated scheduling using Condition Based Maintenance (2011)

Maintenance scheduling of machines and their various components can be logistically challenging for a firm or factory. Traditional maintenance schedules are produced using time based preventive maintenance guidelines. But the preventive maintenance is imprecise as a machine might need a repair before the scheduled timeline due to over-use or premature failure of certain parts. Preventive Maintenance also may cause unneeded repair of parts that still have remaining useful life. Condition Based Maintenance (CBM) is a proactive maintenance approach that takes into account the real conditions of the parts using sensors and then offers guidelines to predict the functional failure ahead. The automated scheduling model that we describe here takes the CBM input into account along with the preventive maintenance guidelines, availability of parts, facilities and numerous other constraints to come up with optimum maintenance schedule. The automated scheduler is developed using Gecode based on Finite Domain Constraint paradigm that can take multiple constraints to model the various eccentricities of the scheduling problem. Other logistical support systems (e.g., ordering of parts, machinists etc) can also be scheduled using the Automated Scheduler alongside with scheduling maintenance of a machine. Since the scheduler can be run anytime, the most deserving candidate will be selected for maintenance at a given time. This will improve efficiency and reduce support cost by repairing the machine that is of urgent need.
High nutrient removal in the three-sludge sewage treatment system: Results and economic evaluation (1997)

The Three-sludge sewage treatment system proved to be a stable process for the treatment of wastewater. This new concept consists of three separated bioreactors. Biological removal of phosphorus and COD takes place in the first high loaded activated sludge bioreactor with an intermediate settler. The second reactor is a nitrifying biofilm reactor. Nitrate is removed in the third denitrifying biofilm reactor. Pilot plant research (scale 2–3 p.e.) showed that at a constant flow rate during night and day a minimal hydraulic retention time of 10.4 hours, inclusive, the settler, could be obtained and yet still the stringent effluent standards (10 mg N/l and 1 mg P/l) were met. At a dynamic flow rate with day/night rhythm and at a storm-weather peak flow rate of 2.5 times the dry weather flow rate the standards were still met. However, at a flow rate of three times the dry-weather flow rate the concentration of P total increased which indicates instability of the dephosphatating bioreactor under the set process conditions. The nitrification and the denitrification capacity remained excellent. The economical evaluation showed that the Three-sludge sewage treatment system can compete with conventional low loaded activated sludge plants in The Netherlands. Moreover, this advanced technology only occupies 40% of the space of conventional plants.
Extraction of Soluble Phosphorus from Swine Wastewater (2002)

Manure phosphorus (P) in excess of the assimilative capacity of land available on farms isan environmental concern often associated with confined livestock production. A wastewatertreatment process was developed for removal of phosphorus from livestock wastewater. It includesnitrification of wastewater and increasing the pH of the nitrified wastewater by adding an alkalineearth metal-containing compound to precipitate phosphorus to form an effluent having a specifiednitrogen:phosphorus ratio that is useful as a balanced fertilizer or a low P fertilizer for remediation ofcontaminated soils. The presence of infectious microorganisms is reduced in the useable effluent.The precipitated phosphorus is recovered in a marketable form.
Programming a topologically constrained DNA nanostructure into a sensor (2016)

Many rationally engineered DNA nanostructures use mechanically interlocked topologies to connect individual DNA components, and their physical connectivity is achieved through the formation of a strong linking duplex. The existence of such a structural element also poses a significant topological constraint on functions of component rings. Herein, we hypothesize and confirm that DNA catenanes with a strong linking duplex prevent component rings from acting as the template for rolling circle amplification (RCA). However, by using an RNA-containing DNA [2] catenane with a strong linking duplex, we show that a stimuli-responsive RNA-cleaving DNAzyme can linearize one component ring, and thus enable RCA, producing an ultra-sensitive biosensing system. As an example, a DNA catenane biosensor is engineered to detect the model bacterial pathogen Escherichia coli through binding of a secreted protein, with a detection limit of 10 cells ml(-1), thus establishing a new platform for further applications of mechanically interlocked DNA nanostructures.
The effects of KRN5500, a spicamycin derivative, on neuropathic and nociceptive pain models in rats. (Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, MA) <i>Anesth Analg</i> 2000;91:955–959. (2001)

This study investigated the effects of a spicamycin derivative, KRN5500, on two models of neuropathic pain (Chung and Bennett models) and a nociceptive pain model by using Complete Freund's adjuvant. After the establishment of mechanical models, a single intraperitoneal injection of KRN5500 produced significant attenuation of mechanical allodynia in both neuropathic pain models. However, this effect was not observed in rats that had a nociceptive injury. Furthermore, this experimental drug did not alter the mechanical pain threshold on normal, uninjured rats. Conclude that the KRN5500 may have value in the treatment of neuropathic pain.
A new F-18 labeled PET tracer for the norepinephrine transporter (2012)

75 Objectives Medicinal chemistry study in our labs have identified a new isoquinoline scaffold series as selective norepinephrine transporter (NET) inhibitors that include (S)-7-bromo-1-(2-((2-fluoroethoxy)methyl)piperazin-1-yl)isoquinoline (1). Our goal was to advance this candidate ligand as a novel PET tracer for NET and assess its in vivo imaging qualities. Methods NET Binding affinities were determined with competition assays ([3H]nisoxetine) and rat brain homogenates and cloned human receptors. Radiosynthesis was accomplished via a two-step F-18 fluorination of the tosylate precursor and cleavage of the N-t-Boc protecting group. PET imaging in rhesus monkeys was performed on a Focus-220 scanner. Results The candidate ligand (1) displayed excellent binding affinity (rNET Ki = 1.1 nM) and selectivity (>1,000 NET over SERT), similar to MeNER. [18F]1 was prepared in >98% radiochemical purity and specific activity of 1.8 ± 0.9 mCi/nmol at EOS (n = 7). The ligand’s measured log P was 1.56, optimal for a PET tracer. Metabolism of [18F]1 was fairly fast, with ~20% parent fraction at 30 min post-injection. Plasma free fraction was ~25%. [18F]1 displayed differential activity uptake in brain regions, with activity levels of brainstem > thalamus > cingulate cortex = insula > frontal cortex, in a pattern consistent with the rank order of regional NET densities. Lowest uptake was in the striatum and occipital cortex. Pretreatment with nisoxetine (1 mg/kg) completely blocked the specific binding of [18F]1 , while pretreatment with citalopram had no effect, thus demonstrating the NET binding specificity and selectivity of [18F]1 in vivo. Conclusions The novel PET tracer [18F]1 displayed high NET binding affinity in vitro and a favorable lipophilicity profile. In monkeys it showed fairly fast metabolism and high free fraction in the plasma. This tracer provides good specific binding signals in NET-rich brain regions and thus shows promise as a novel F-18 labeled PET tracer to image NET in vivo. Research Support NIH R33-MH083132, P30-NS05502
<title>Use of scanning thickness mapping technique to perform precision measurements of thin film thickness</title> (1990)

By means of electron-beam induced x-rays, the thickness of films used in fabrication of integrated circuits can be measured with high precision. The thickness modulated intensity of the x-rays generated from the sub-layer material due to penetration of the electron beam is correlated to the thickness of the surface film and displayed as a 3-D thickness map of the film material)'2 Scanning thickness mapping is a technique for measuring and plotting film thickness over the surface of the devices with high spatial resolution in the X-Y plane, using the modulation effect on electron beam induced x-rays. This technique has been implemented at this laboratory using a scanning electron microscope (SEM) in conjunction with an energy dispersive x-ray analyzer (EDXA). Since the electrons must interact with the material below the film that is being measured, they must be of sufficient energy to penetrate the film and produce enough x-rays in the sub-layer to be detectable in a reasonable time frame. To accomplish this, the analyst is required to initially determine the optimum beam energy for the sample to be measured. Typically, the optimum beam energy is several kilovolts above the onset of beam penetration through the film. This report will present data obtained for a dielectric film over aluminum metal and aluminum on silicon. A simulated 3-D scanning thickness mapping display of dielectric thickness was obtained by converting raw x-ray intensity data received from the energy dispersive x-ray analyzer. The raw x-ray intensity data was corrected for x-ray absorption effects and translated into film thickness values. These calculated values were then compared to SEM visual measurements of a cross-sectioned sample. Correlation between the scanning thickness mapping measurements and the SEM visual measurements will be discussed. The benefits of this technique are the high degree of characterization of the film thickness in the X-Y plane, and the detection of hole defects in film and thickness non-uniformities at contact areas or at steps.
New 7‐substituted quinolone antibacterial agents. The synthesis of 1‐ethyl‐1,4‐dihydro‐4‐oxo‐7‐(2‐thiazolyl and 4‐thiazolyl)‐3‐quinolinecarboxylic acids (1987)

Abstract A series of 1‐ethyl‐1,4‐dihydro‐4‐oxo‐7‐(4‐thiazolyl)‐3‐quinolinecarboxylic acids and 1‐ethyl‐1,4‐dihydro‐4‐oxo‐7‐(2‐thiazolyl)‐3‐quinolinecarboxylic acids were prepared. Also prepared was 10‐[2‐(aminomethyl)‐4‐thiazolyl]‐9‐fluoro‐2,3‐dihydro‐3‐methyl‐7‐oxo‐7 H ‐pyrido[1,2,3‐ de ][1,4]benzoxazine‐6‐carboxylic acid. Analogs with basic amine substituents on the thiazole moiety were found to have antibacterial activity.
Cloning, Characterization, and Expression of a cDNA Encoding a 50-Kilodalton Protein Specifically Induced by Cold Acclimation in Wheat (1992)

We have isolated, sequenced, and expressed a cold-specific cDNA clone, Wcs120, that specifically hybridizes to a major mRNA species of approximately 1650 nucleotides from cold-acclimated wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). The accumulation of this mRNA was induced in less than 24 hours of cold treatment, and remained at a high steady-state level during the entire period of cold acclimation in the two freezing-tolerant genotypes of wheat tested. The expression of Wcs120 was transient in a less-tolerant genotype even though the genomic organization of the Wcs120 and the relative copy number were the same in the three genotypes. The mRNA level decreased rapidly during deacclimation and was not induced by heat shock, drought, or abscisic acid. The Wcs120 cDNA contains a long open reading frame encoding a protein of 390 amino acids. The encoded protein is boiling stable, highly hydrophilic, and has a compositional bias for glycine (26.7%), threonine (16.7%), and histidine (10.8%), although cysteine, phenylalanine, and tryptophan were absent. The WCS120 protein contains two repeated domains. Domain A has the consensus amino acid sequence GEKKGVMENIKEKLPGGHGDHQQ, which is repeated 6 times, whereas domain B has the sequence TGGTYGQQGHTGTT, which is repeated 11 times. The two domains were also found in barley dehydrins and rice abscisic acid-induced protein families. The expression of this cDNA in Escherichia coli, using the T(7) RNA polymerase promoter, produced a protein of 50 kilodaltons with an isoelectric point of 7.3, and this product comigrated with a major protein synthesized in vivo and in vitro during cold acclimation.
Selective area growth of germanium and germanium/silicon-germanium quantum wells in silicon waveguides for on-chip optical interconnect applications (2012)

We propose a robust fabrication process for growing Ge and Ge-based heterostructures in growth windows with Si sidewalls which can be applied to growth in thick Si optical waveguides. Sidewall growth is eliminated by the presence of a dielectric spacer layer which covers the sidewalls. We demonstrate the effectiveness of this process by selective-area growth of Ge and Ge/SiGe quantum wells, and show an improved performance and increased process reliability over previous work.
Encoding Parameters Prediction for Convex Hull Video Encoding (2021)

Fast encoding parameter selection technique have been proposed in the past. Leveraging the power of convex hull video encoding framework, an encoder with a faster speed setting, or faster encoder such as hardware encoder, can be used to determine the optimal encoding parameters. It has been shown that one can speed up 3 to 5 times, while still achieve 20–40% BD-rate savings, compared to the traditional fixed-QP encodings. Such approach presents two problems. First, although the speedup is impressive, there is still ~3% loss in BD-rate. Secondly, the previous approach only works with encoders implementing standards that have the same quantization scheme and QP range, such as between VP9 and AV1, and not in the scenario where one might want to use a much faster H.264 encoder, to determine and predict the encoding parameters for VP9 or AV1 encoder. In this work we propose and present new additions to address these issues. First, we show that the predictive model can be used to gain back the quality loss incurred from using a faster encoder. Secondly, we also demonstrate that, by introducing a mapping layer, it is possible to predict between two arbitrary encoders and reduce the computational complexity even further. Such degree of complexity reduction is made possible by the fact that different generations of video codecs are usually orders of magnitude apart in terms of complexity and thus one can use an encoder from an earlier generation to predict the encoding parameters for an encoder from later generations.
Nonlinear Optical Films from Pairwise-Deposited Semi-ionomeric Syndioregic Polymers (1997)

Processing polymers near room temperature to produce all-polymeric nonlinear optical films has important advantages [1]. For example, the Langmuir-Blodgett-Kuhn (LBK) technique offers control over final film thickness to within one monolayer. Also, materials may be precisely located within the film to control properties for purposes such as phase matching of the fundamental and second harmonic waveguide modes [2].
A monoclonal antibody that specifically inhibits human salivary alpha-amylase. (1987)

Our monoclonal antibody 88E8 specifically binds to and inhibits human salivary alpha-amylase (EC 3.2.1.1) and cross reacts negligibly with the pancreatic isoenzyme, inhibiting it by less than 1%, as compared with about 90% for the salivary isoenzyme. The antibody binds the S1 and S2 types of salivary alpha-amylase, but no pancreatic alpha-amylase isoenzyme forms. A pancreatic alpha-amylase assay involving 88E8 is under development, with alpha-glucosidase as auxiliary enzyme and p-nitrophenyl-maltoheptaoside as substrate; we give preliminary data on this assay. The assay has to be done by substrate start, because the antibody interacts very slowly with the enzyme in the presence of substrate. Assay results for pancreatic alpha-amylase correlate well with those for isoamylase assayed with use of an inhibitor from wheat-germ.
Characterization of a Unique Co-crystal of the BACE1 Inhibitor Verubecestat and a Reaction Intermediate: Implications for the Development of a Commercial Manufacturing Process (2018)

Verubecestat is an inhibitor of beta-site amyloid precursor protein cleaving enzyme 1 (BACE1) that is currently under clinical evaluation for the treatment of prodromal Alzheimer’s disease. This article describes the characterization of a co-crystal composed of a HBr salt of verubecestat and a HBr salt of a reaction intermediate as the components. This unique co-crystal was formed during production of a multikilogram batch of verubecestat. The impact of this observation is discussed, followed by the description of a modified procedure that served to prevent the formation of this highly unusual crystalline material.