gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Dynamic Spectrum Management for Intercell Interference Coordination in LTE Networks Based on Traffic Patterns (2013)

Next-generation cellular networks will provide users with better experience employing smaller cells, which results in high dynamics and strong interference. Conventional intercell interference coordination (ICIC) approaches are based on fixed or dynamic frequency reuse, which more or less underutilize frequency resources or reduce network-wide performance. As a result, the benefit brought by ICIC is questionable in practical networks. In this paper, we tackle this problem from the self-organizing network (SON) viewpoint by optimizing fractional frequency reuse (FFR) and adapting to dynamic traffic maps. The approach proposed by this paper formulates this problem as an optimization problem with multiple key performance indicators (Multi-KPIs), and a traffic-based dynamic spectrum management (DSM) algorithm is proposed to reduce the call drop and block ratio (CDBR) and to also improve the network throughput. To reduce further the cost of spectrum partition and assignment, we conduct data mining for the traffic maps from realistic networks and then obtain traffic stable states for a longer specific period of time. DSM based on the stable states (DSM-SS) approach brings further benefits for Long Term Evolution networks in terms of operational costs. Simulation results show that the proposed schemes significantly outperform the traditional schemes.
An Automatic Face Annotation System Featuring High Accuracy for Online Social Networks (2013)

The development of fully automatic face annotation techniques in online social networks (OSNs) is currently very important for effective management and organization of the large numbers of personal photos shared on social network platforms. In this paper, we construct the personalized and adaptive Fused Face Recognition unit for each member, which uses the Adaboost algorithm to fuse several different types of base classifiers to produce highly reliable face annotation results. The experiment results demonstrate that our proposed approach achieves a significantly higher level of efficacy, outperforming other state-of-the-art face annotation methods for real-life personal photos featuring pose variations. Our evaluation methodologies produced respective F-measure and Similarity accuracy rates that were 57.99% and 54.23% higher for the proposed method in comparison to other tested methods.
Verifying policy-based web services security (2008)

WS-SecurityPolicy is a declarative language for configuring web services security mechanisms. We describe a formal semantics for WS-SecurityPolicy and propose a more abstract language for specifying secure links between web services and their clients. We present the architecture and implementation of tools that (1) compile policy files from link specifications, and (2) verify by invoking a theorem prover whether a set of policy files run by any number of senders and receivers correctly implements the goals of a link specification, in spite of active attackers. Policy-driven web services implementations are prone to the usual subtle vulnerabilities associated with cryptographic protocols; our tools help prevent such vulnerabilities. We can verify policies when first compiled from link specifications, and also re-verify policies against their original goals after any modifications during deployment. Moreover, we present general security theorems for all configurations that rely on compiled policies.
High-throughput hyperspectral microscopy (2006)

A hyperspectral imager provides a 3-D data cube in which the spatial information (2-D) of the image is complemented by spectral information (1-D) about each spatial location. A static, high-throughput spectrometer design previously developed by our group can be used as the spectral engine in a high-throughput hyperspectral imager that avoids the Fourier undersampling issues present in previous dispersive designs. We present the theory for both pushbroom and tomographic operation and describe experimental results from our proof-of-concept implementation of a hyperspectral microscope.
A Physical Organic Approach to Tuning Reagents for Selective and Stable Methionine Bioconjugation (2019)

We report a data-driven, physical organic approach to the development of new methionine-selective bioconjugation reagents with tunable adduct stabilities. Statistical modeling of structural features described by intrinsic physical organic parameters was applied to the development of a predictive model and to gain insight into features driving stability of adducts formed from the chemoselective coupling of oxaziridine and methionine thioether partners through Redox Activated Chemical Tagging (ReACT). From these analyses, a correlation between sulfimide stabilities and sulfimide  (C=O) stretching frequencies was revealed. We ex-ploited the rational gains in adduct stability exposed by this analysis to achieve the design and synthesis of a bis-oxaziridine reagent for peptide stapling. Indeed, we observed that a macrocyclic peptide formed by ReACT stapling at methionine exhibited improved uptake into live cells compared to an unstapled congener, highlighting the potential utility of this unique chemical tool for thioether modification. This work provides a template for the broader use of data-driven approaches to bioconjugation chemistry and other chemical biology applications.
Shape Memory Alloy Rock Splitters (SMARS) - A Non-Explosive Method for Fracturing Planetary Rocklike Materials and Minerals (2015)

A static rock splitter device based on high-force, high-temperature shape memory alloys (HTSMAs) was developed for space related applications requiring controlled geologic excavation in planetary bodies such as the Moon, Mars, and near-Earth asteroids. The device, hereafter referred to as the shape memory alloy rock splitter (SMARS), consisted of active (expanding) elements made of Ni50.3Ti29.7Hf20 (at.%) that generate extremely large forces in response to thermal input. The preshaping (training) of these elements was accomplished using isothermal, isobaric and cyclic training methods, which resulted in active components capable of generating stresses in excess of 1.5 GPa. The corresponding strains (or displacements) were also evaluated and were found to be 2 to 3 percent, essential to rock fracturing and/or splitting when placed in a borehole. SMARS performance was evaluated using a test bed consisting of a temperature controller, custom heaters and heater holders, and an enclosure for rock placement and breakage. The SMARS system was evaluated using various rock types including igneous rocks (e.g., basalt, quartz, granite) and sedimentary rocks (e.g., sandstone, limestone).
Cell-Free Translation of Foot-and-Mouth Disease Virus RNA into Identifiable Non-capsid and Capsid Proteins (1976)

SUMMARY Foot-and-mouth disease virus (a member of the picornavirus group) RNA could be translated effectively in an S-30 extract from Ehrlich ascites tumour cells. This translation was inhibited by aurintricarboxylic acid, cycloheximide, puromycin and RNase. Cell-free products of translation were identified by disc gel electrophoresis and immunoprecipitation with specific antisera. Gel electrophoresis of the products without prior immunoprecipitation suggested the synthesis of some of the non-capsid proteins and capsid proteins VP1, VP2 and VP3 of the virus. Immunoprecipitations with antisera against whole virus and VP3 indicated the synthesis of VP3 and of at least two additional peptides of 100000 and 56000 daltons containing antigenic sites of VP3. Gel electrophoresis after immunoprecipitation with antiserum against virus infection-associated antigen indicated the synthesis of a different 56000-dalton protein appearing to resemble non-capsid protein NCVP5. The amount of foot-and-mouth disease virus and VP3-specific peptides in the virus RNA-directed products were measured by immunoprecipitation.
Current share in multiphase SMPCs by digital filtering (2008)

This paper introduces a new method of passive current balancing for digital control based upon the duty-cycle matching principle. The method does not rely on a current balancing loop and therefore the stability and performance concerns associated with the traditional current balance loop are obviated. Being sensorless, it is insensitive to current measurement inaccuracies caused by noise, component value tolerance or variation. It will be shown that effective current balancing can be achieved via some simple modifications to standard voltage mode control laws, allowing current balancing to be achieved with minor additional complexity.
MIMO precoding in 802.16e WiMAX (2007)

Multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) transmit precoding/beamforming can significantly improve system spectral efficiency. However, several obstacles prevent preceding from wide deployment in early wireless networks: The significant feedback overhead, performance degradation due to feedback delay, and the large storage requirement at the mobile devices. In this paper, we propose a preceding method that addresses these issues. In this approach, only 3 or 6 bits feedback is needed to select a preceding matrix from a codebook. There are fifteen codebooks, each corresponding to a unique combination of antenna configuration (up to 4 antennas) and codebook size. Small codebooks are prestored and large codebooks are efficiently computed from the prestored codebook, modified Hochwald method and Householder reflection. Finally, the feedback delay is compensated by channel prediction. The scheme is validated by simulations and we have observed significant gains comparing to space-time coding and antenna selection. This solution was adopted as a part of the IEEE 802.16e specification in 2005.
Multi-attribute characterization of pneumococcal conjugate vaccine by Size-exclusion chromatography coupled with UV-MALS-RI detections (2022)

Streptococcus pneumoniae bacterial infection can cause serious diseases. Among more than 90 known streptococcus pneumoniae serotypes, more than 30 can cause invasive pneumococcal diseases that could lead to morbidity and mortality. Initially, a 23-valent polysaccharide vaccines (PPSV) PNEUMOVAX®23, was developed to generate an antigen-specific immune response and prevent diseases caused by these pneumoniae serotypes. Later, pneumococcal conjugate vaccines (PCV), such as PREVNAR® and VAXNEUVANCE™ have been developed to offer a more robust immune response in the pediatric population. In our effort to develop novel pneumococcal conjugate vaccines, each serotype of pneumococcal polysaccharide (Ps) is conjugated to a detoxified diphtheria toxin carrier protein CRM197 to form a monovalent conjugate (MVC). MVCs from multiple serotypes are formulated with vaccine adjuvant to form a multi-valent vaccine drug product. During the product development, critical attributes including conjugate molecular weight (Mw), protein and polysaccharide concentration, have been used to monitor process and product quality. To measure these attributes, a size-exclusion chromatography (SEC) method was developed with a series of in-line detectors including UV, multi-angle light scattering (MALS) and refractive index (RI). This SEC-UV-MALS-RI method is employed to characterize and monitor process intermediates and product during process development and for product release and stability testing. With this, we have expanded the multi-attribute SEC method to a 15-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine.
A New Fe/V Redox Flow Battery Using a Sulfuric/Chloric Mixed‐Acid Supporting Electrolyte (2012)

Abstract A redox flow battery using Fe 2+ /Fe 3+ and V 2+ /V 3+ redox couples in chloric/sulfuric mixed‐acid supporting electrolyte is investigated for potential stationary energy storage applications. The Fe/V redox flow cell using mixed reactant solutions operates within a voltage window of 0.5–1.35 V with a nearly 100% utilization ratio and demonstrates stable cycling over 100 cycles with energy efficiency >80% and no capacity fading at room temperature. A 25% improvement in the discharge energy density of the Fe/V cell is achieved compared with a previously reported Fe/V cell using a pure chloride acid supporting electrolyte. Stable performance is achieved in the temperature range between 0 and 50 °C as well as when using a microporous separator as the membrane. The improved electrochemical performance makes the Fe/V redox flow battery a promising option as a stationary energy storage device to enable renewable integration and stabilization of the electric grid.
A folding inhibitor of the HIV‐1 protease (2005)

Because the human immunodeficiency virus type 1 protease (HIV-1-PR) is an essential enzyme in the viral life cycle, its inhibition can control AIDS. The folding of single-domain proteins, like each of the monomers forming the HIV-1-PR homodimer, is controlled by local elementary structures (LES, folding units stabilized by strongly interacting, highly conserved, as a rule hydrophobic, amino acids). These LES have evolved over myriad generations to recognize and strongly attract each other, so as to make the protein fold fast and be stable in its native conformation. Consequently, peptides displaying a sequence identical to those segments of the monomers associated with LES are expected to act as competitive inhibitors and thus destabilize the native structure of the enzyme. These inhibitors are unlikely to lead to escape mutants as they bind to the protease monomers through highly conserved amino acids, which play an essential role in the folding process. The properties of one of the most promising inhibitors of the folding of the HIV-1-PR monomers found among these peptides are demonstrated with the help of spectrophotometric assays and circular dichroism spectroscopy.
Virtual interference study for FMCW and PMCW radar (2018)

Mutual interference of radar systems has been identified as one of the major challenges for future automotive radar systems. In this work the interference of frequency (FMCW) and phase modulated continuous wave (PMCW) systems is investigated by means of simulations. All twofold combinations of the aforementioned systems are considered. The interference scenario follows a typical use-case from the well-known MOre Safety for All by Radar Interference Mitigation (MOSARIM) study. The investigated radar systems operate with similar system parameters to guarantee a certain comparability, but with different waveform durations, and chirps with different slopes and different phase code sequences, respectively. Since the effects in perfect synchrony are well understood, we focus on the cases where both systems exhibit a certain asynchrony. It is shown that the energy received from interferers can cluster in certain Doppler bins in the range-Doppler plane when systems exhibit a slight asynchrony.
Compliant Wafer Level Package (2001)

Abstract A high I/O density and high performance wafer level packaging technology called the Compliant Wafer Level Package (CWLP) is reported. The necessity for compliant interconnects in upcoming generations of electronic products is discussed by analyzing the technology requirements projected by the International Technology Roadmap for Semiconductors (ITRS). To be a true wafer level package, the technology should have following three characteristics11: I) package all Integrated Circuits (ICs) intact on wafer at once, II) perform wafer level test and burn-in, and III) assemble the WLP on the system board without using an underfill. Compliant interconnects are essential to accomplishing wafer level test and assembly without underfill. These topics are discussed in the paper followed by fabrication and performance analysis of the CWLP technology.
Functionalized congeners of 1,3-dialkylxanthines: preparation of analogs with high affinity for adenosine receptors (1985)

A series of functionalized congeners of 1,3-dialkylxanthines has been prepared as adenosine receptor antagonists. On the basis of the high potency of 8-(p-hydroxyphenyl)-1,3-dialkylxanthines, the parent compounds were 8-[4-[(carboxymethyl)oxy]phenyl] derivatives of theophylline and 1,3-dipropylxanthine. A series of analogues including esters of ethanol and N-hydroxysuccinimide, amides, a hydrazide, an acylurea, and anilides were prepared. The potency in blocking A1-adenosine receptors (inhibition of binding of N6-[3H]cyclohexyladenosine to brain membranes) and A2-adenosine receptors (inhibition of 2-chloroadenosine-elicited accumulations of cyclic AMP in brain slices) was markedly affected by structural changes distal to the primary pharmacophore (8-phenyl-1,3-dialkylxanthine). Potencies in the dipropyl series at the A1 receptor ranged from Ki values of 1.2 nM for a congener with a terminal amidoethyleneamine moiety to a Ki value of 58 nM for the parent carboxylic acid to a Ki of 96 nM for the bulky ureido congener. Certain congeners were up to 145-fold more active at A1 receptors than at A2 receptors. Various derivatives of the congeners should be useful as receptor probes and for radioiodination, avidin binding, and preparation of affinity columns.
RTL Power Optimization with Gate-Level Accuracy (2003)

Traditional RTL power optimization techniques commit transformations at the RTL based on the estimation of area, delay and power. However, because of inadequate power and delay information, the power optimization transformations applied at the RTL may cause unexpected results after synthesis, such as worsened delay or increased power dissipation. Our solution to this problem is to divide RTL power optimization into two steps, namely RTL exploration and gate-level commitment. During RTL exploration phase potential candidates for applying some specific RTL transformation are identified where high level information permits faster and more effective analysis. These candidates are simply marked on the netlist. Then during the gate-level commitment phase when accurate power and delay information is available, the final decision of whether accepting or rejecting the candidate is made to achieve the best power and delay trade-offs.
Damping-force control mechanism in a hydraulic shock absorber (1980)

First Page
Target molecules for future hidradenitis suppurativa treatment (2021)

The registration of the tumour necrosis factor-α inhibitor adalimumab in 2015 was a major step forward in the treatment of hidradenitis suppurativa/acne inversa (HS). However, it soon became evident that the effectiveness of adalimumab in daily practice was highly variable. A significant unmet medical need of HS patients remained, and the search for novel therapeutic targets was intensified. During the 10th European Hidradenitis Suppurativa Foundation (EHSF) e.V. Conference, reknown international HS investigators virtually presented and discussed the published data on these potential target molecules for future HS treatment. This article addresses the most promising molecules currently under investigation from a pathophysiological and clinical point of view. With phase III trials ongoing, the anti- interleukin (IL)-17 biologics bimekizumab and secukinumab are in the most advanced stage of clinical development showing promising results. In addition, targeting IL-1α with bermekimab has shown encouraging results in two clinical trials. Directing treatment at neutrophil recruitment and activation by targeting IL-36 with spesolimab fits well in the pathogenic concept of HS and clinical phase II trial results are pending. In contrast to in situ evidence, Complement 5a (C5a) and C5a receptor blockade have only shown greater clinical benefit in patients with severe HS. Inhibition of Janus kinase (JAK) 1 signalling in HS showed clinical efficacy only in the highest dosage, highlighting that careful surveillance of the balance between safety and efficacy of JAK inhibition is warranted. Overall, clinical efficacies of all novel treatments reported so far are modest. To guide drug development, more and better-defined translational data on the pathogenesis of this severe and enigmatic inflammatory skin disease are required.
Fortifiers for epoxy‐amine systems (1983)

Abstract The use of a range of additives is described which can increase the strength and modulus of cured epoxy‐amine systems by up to 70 per cent. These additives, called ‘Epoxy Fortifiers’, are liquids or low melting point solids which are incorporated into the resincuring agent mixture, prior to curing, at loadings of 10–40 parts per hundred of resin.
ChemInform Abstract: Fluorination of Chlorofluoroether Using Catalysts Supported by Porous Aluminum Fluoride. (2002)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Third order longitudinal mode piezoelectric ceramic transformer and its application to high-voltage power inverter (1994)

Color liquid crystal displays (LCD) require low-profile, miniaturized and highly efficient power inverters, replacing conventional electromagnetic transformers, to light up their backlights, which include cold cathode fluorescent lamps (CCFL). The object of this study is to actualize the power inverter, to which a novel multilayered piezoelectric ceramic transformer operating in the third order longitudinal mode is applied. The piezoelectric transformer has a symmetrical structure in the lengthwise direction and its output part operates in a piezoelectric stiffened mode in order to increase both energy conversion efficiency and power density. This transformer has a great advantage, in that all the electronic terminals can be connected at the vibration nodes of the transformer, which contributes to the guarantee of stable transformer performances at high power operation. In this power inverter, a separately excited oscillation circuit was adopted to drive the transformer with high efficiency, and the transformer drive frequency was controlled by detecting the backlight current in order to adjust the backlight luminance properly. Using a triple-layered piezoelectric transformer, a fabricated power inverter exhibited the overall efficiency of 92%, the output power of 4.5 W, which is enough power to light up a 9.4 inches color LCD, including the stray capacitance loss resulted from CCFL mounting. The luminance value on a light transmission plate of the color LCD was 2500 cd/m <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> while the inverter dimensions are as small as 76×22×6 mm
Accuracy in the Reporting of Clinical Data: Proper Roles for the Physician and the Computer. (1984)

The issue of inaccuracy in the reporting of clinical data by hospitals will no longer go ignored as there are now powerful incentives to improve data quality. Success in this undertaking, however, is not an easy thing to achieve. This paper will explore the nature of the dilemma that hospitals now face in attempting to upgrade the quality of the clinical data that they must report under Medicare's Prospective Payment System. This description of the problems in data quality leads to a discussion as to what can be done to solve these problems. Special attention is directed to the proper role of the computer in improving data accuracy and in effecting a closer collaboration between the hospital's medical record department and physicians. Finally, the proper and unique responsibility of the physician for data quality will be placed in perspective.