gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
The role of slip in the rheology of blood (1973)

The use of slip as a mechanism in explaining the predicting blood flow is shown to lead to inconsistent results when the over-all rheological properties as well as the velocity profile is considered. The evidence for slip is also considered and shown not to be a proper interpretation of observed ch aracteristics of red blood cell motion.
A simple analytic approach to degenerate four-wave mixing by comparison with real-time holography (1987)

A simple analytic theory for degenerate four-wave mixing (DFWM) is presented. From the fundamental relationship between real-time holography and DFWM simple expressions for the DFWM signal are developed. The basic assumption in our approach is that the four waves are coupled only by the grating created by the forward-probe interference and that the intensities of the forward beam and the probe beam are not affected by the four-wave interaction. In general, this is only true when the backward pump beam intensity is much smaller than both the forward beam intensity and the probe beam intensity. However, within this restricted parameter range we obtain simple analytic expressions for the DFWM signal including the effects of linear losses in the nonlinear medium. For thin nonlinear media the signal intensity is determined by a squared Bessel-function of first order, and for thick nonlinear media the signal intensity is determined by a squared sine-function. The theory is restricted to small values of the signal reflectivity. Finally, we have investigated the DFWM signal from a CdS-sample with a <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">Q</tex> -switched frequency doubled Nd:YAG laser. At a sample temperature of 375 K we obtain a third-order susceptibility of <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">\chi^{(3)} = 4.4 \cdot 10^{-7}</tex> ESU. We apply the theory to these experiments.
2-(4,5-Dihydro-1,3-oxazol-2-yl)quinoline (2007)

The title compound, C12H10N2O, is approximately planar. The angle between the quinoline and 4,5-dihydro­oxazole ring systems is 11.91 (12)°. The mol­ecules pack into a herringbone array with no significant π–π inter­actions. The dihydro­oxazole N and O atoms are disordered over two positions, with almost equal site occupancy factors.
Recent Advances in Thermoplastic Elastomer in Japan.-Application, Market and Material- (2007)

Recent advances in Thermoplastic Elastomer in Japan are described, and trends of application, market and material development in the future are also forecasted.TPEs global market is growing with 8-10%/year in this decade. Although the growing rate in Japan is not so high as that in the world, the trend will succeed also in Japan.Especially, TPOs and hydrogenated TPSs (SEBS, SEPS) are growing very fast. TPOs based on metallocene catalyzed technology is very unique. Many TPOs of which structure (tacticity, narrow molecular weight distribution and block sequences) is well regulated, are developed for automotive materials, sheets and films applications. Also blend type of TPOs, especially TPVs have been well developed and commercialized.Many grades of hydrogenated TPS are developing. The wide applications of the low and middle molecular weight type of hydrogenated TPS are thermoplastic modifier, adhesive, and compatibilizer for TPV, engineering plastics and polymer blends. High molecular weight type of hydrogenated TPS are well used for TPS elastomer compound which is used for automotive, liner cap of beverage, medical bag and medical tube. TPVs are growing because of its heat stability and oil resistance. New types of TPV named super-TPV are also developing. The global growth of TPE will be continued for next decade.
A facile one pot synthesis of 2, 4‐diamino‐6‐substituted s‐triazine derivatives (2008)

Abstract magnified image A novel and facile one‐pot procedure for the preparation of 2,4‐diamino‐6‐substituted‐s‐triazine derivatives (IIa‐n) was reported. The scope of its application was demonstrated with a number of examples. The new procedure involved treatment of proguanil or chloroproguanil with acyl chloride or alky chlorooxoacetate in pyridine at ice cold temperature followed by reflux overnight to give good yields of the desired products.
Down-regulated c-myb expression inhibits DNA synthesis of T-leukemia cells in most patients. (1990)

We have investigated the functional relevance of c-myb expression for DNA synthesis in patients' T-leukemia cells. [3H]Thymidine incorporation assays of 32 patients' leukemia cells exposed in vitro to c-myb sense or antisense oligodeoxynucleotides served to define two groups of patients: a responder group whose leukemia cells showed 2- to 16-fold lower levels of [3H]thymidine incorporation in c-myb antisense-treated cultures than in c-myb sense-treated cultures (20 patients) and a nonresponder group whose cells showed comparable [3H]thymidine incorporation levels in either c-myb sense- or antisense-treated cultures (12 patients). Down-regulation of c-myb mRNA levels in cells exposed to c-myb antisense oligodeoxynucleotides was comparable in both groups of patients, indicating that differential sensitivity to c-myb antisense oligodeoxynucleotides was not due to differential uptake of these oligodeoxynucleotides. DNA polymerase alpha mRNA levels were down-regulated in cells from the responders but were unaffected in the nonresponder group. These results suggest that c-myb is required for DNA synthesis in cells of many but not all T-leukemia patients and that leukemia cells in which DNA synthesis is not inhibited despite down-regulation of c-myb expression may have undergone some genetic change(s) that obviate(s) the requirement for myb protein.
Localization of sites of lipid biosynthesis in mammalian epidermis. (1988)

The end-product of epidermal differentiation is a stratified layer of corneocytes whose extracellular lipid bilayers provide a permeability barrier. It is generally accepted that the epidermis synthesizes most if not all of the lipids found in this tissue and that extra-epidermal tissues contribute very little to this lipid content. Moreover, the individual epidermal strata in which epidermal lipid biosynthesis occurs are not known. To address this question, we examined [3H]H2O incorporation into nonsaponifiable and saponifiable lipids in individual epidermal cell layers 3 hr after intraperitoneal injection into neonatal mice, and compared this to protein and DNA synthesis using intraperitoneal [3H]leucine and [3H]thymidine incorporation, respectively. Lipid biosynthesis was also assessed by [14C]acetate incorporation into lipid fractions in organ cultured skin and in epidermal subpopulations. The in vivo studies demonstrated that the biosynthetic activity of both saponifiable and nonsaponifiable lipids was comparable to, if not greater, in the stratum granulosum (SG) than in basal/spinous (SB + SS) layer, despite significantly lower levels of both protein and DNA synthesis in the SG. On a mass basis, the SG accounts for about four times the biosynthetic activity of the combined SB + SS layers. The lipid biosynthetic activity in vitro also was two- to fivefold higher in the SG, regardless of whether the epidermis was separated into individual cell layers before or after incubations with radiolabel. Moreover, this difference could not be ascribed to increased acetate pools or to elevated metabolism in the SG versus the SB + SS since the rates of CO2 production were much lower in the SG fraction. The increase in lipid biosynthesis in SG over SB + SS was greatest for phospholipids, followed by glycosphingolipids, and free sterols but was observed in almost all lipid classes. These studies show not only that mammalian epidermis is an active site of de novo lipid biosynthesis, but also that this activity remains high in the stratum granulosum, while other forms of metabolic activity are diminishing. These observations are consistent with the knowledge that lipids extruded from the stratum granulosum layer provide the hydrophobic permeability barrier, and further suggest that elevated synthetic activity in the stratum granulosum would allow rapid replenishment in the event that the barrier is damaged.
Nematicidal Activity of Some Phenolics on Root Knot, Growth and Yield of <i>Capsicum frutescens</i> cv. California Wonder (1990)

Abstract Free living nematode Caenorhabditis elegans was used as a test system for screening anthelmintic phenolics. The most effective concentrations (100, 500 and 1000 μg ml −1 ) were used against root knot nematode Meloidogyne incognita. Effect of these phenolics was determined on growth and development of host plant Capsicum frutescens cv. California Wonder, Second stage juveniles of M. incognita were hatched from egg masses collected from roots of host plant and subjected to similar phenol concentrations for 48 h. Mortality of M. incognita was recorded on the basis of parameters used for test organism bioassay. Both healthy and inoculated plants of C. frutescens cv. California Wonder were treated withsolutions of salicylic acid (SA) and p‐betahydroxy benzoic acid (BA) so that each pot received 100, 500 and 1000 mg phenol. Control plants were supplied with distilled water, Plants were uprooted 21 days after inoculation and roots were gall indexed. Some plants were left in the pots for further growth and development. Surface sterilised seedlings of host plant were raised and inoculated with second stage Juveniles of M. incognita. Thereafter observations were recorded on the vegetative and reproductive parameters of the plants. Drench application of SA and BA were found quite effective with no apparent phytotoxic effect.
Scheduling physical operations in a quantum information processor (2006)

Irrespective of the underlying technology used to implement a large-scale quantum architecture system, one of the central challenges of accurately modeling the architecture is the ability to map and schedule a quantum application onto a physical grid while taking into account the cost of communication, the classical resources, and the maximum exploitable parallelism. In this paper we introduce and evaluate a <i>physical operations scheduler</i> for arbitrary quantum circuits. Our scheduler accepts a description of a circuit together with a description of a specific physical layout and outputs a sequence of operations that expose the required communication and available parallelism in the circuit. The output of the scheduler is a quantum assembly language file that can directly be simulated on a set of available tools.
Random modulation cw lidar using new random sequence (1990)

New modulation codes are presented for a random modulation cw lidar. One characteristic of these modulation codes is that for very noisy background conditions, the signal-to-noise ratio is improved by using these new sequences, and is better than for the maximum-length sequence (the M-sequence) which is commonly used as the modulation code. Another characteristic of these modulation codes is that there is no correlation between them. This fact will be useful for the simultaneous multitransmitter of the differential absorption lidar. These two characteristics of the new modulation codes were confirmed experimentally.
Improving Intra Pixel prediction for H.264 video coding Senay (2008)

H.264 is the latest most efficient video coding standard developed by joint collaboration between ITU-T’s Study Group 16 Question 6 (Video Coding Experts Group VCEG) and ISO’s MPEG forming a group known as the Joint Video Team (JVT). The JVT has added additional features to the previous video coding standards (MPEG-4 and H.263) which has allowed the current H.264 to provide a much more efficient compression ability giving a bit rate reduction of about 50 % of the previous standards for the same video quality. This thesis is among the ongoing studies that deal with trying to improve the intra prediction scheme of H.264. It aims to modify the directional extrapolation scheme of the standard intra prediction and add a combined usage based on the local structure of previously reconstructed pixels surrounding the area to be coded. A new method of searching the direction of the local structure of an area using optimal filters is deployed. The method is based on the least squares algorithm. A modified coder structure is implemented in an attempt to obtain improved coding efficiency using the new prediction. The result based on visual inspection and objective evaluation of the new modified prediction against standard H.264 intra prediction is presented.
Endogenous anti-β-glucan antibodies as a potential predictive biomarker for clinical response to imprime PGG immunotherapy in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients. (2014)

3045 Background: Imprime PGG (IPGG) is a yeast-derived β-1,3/1,6 glucan that primes innate immune cells to kill antibody-targeted cancer cells via a complement receptor 3 (CR3)-dependent mechanism. In humans, naturally occurring anti-β-glucan antibodies (ABA) are required for binding of IPGG to CR3 and subsequent changes in innate cell functions. Methods: In a 32-donor healthy volunteer study, using a qualified quantitative ELISA assay, ABA levels and the threshold for binding and modulation of innate immune functions were evaluated, including a) complement activation, b) complement receptor expression, c) activation marker modulation, and d) selective chemokine production. The potential of the ABA level as a clinical biomarker for clinical response to IPGG was evaluated in a Phase 2 clinical trial by retrospectively segregating subjects into populations at or above the ABA threshold (biomarker positive; BM+) or below the ABA threshold (biomarker negative; BM-). Advanced NSCLC patients received cetuximab, carboplatin and paclitaxel without (Control) or with IPGG 4mg/kg on Days 1, 8 and 15 of each 3-week treatment cycle for the first 4 to 6 cycles. Maintenance treatment with cetuximab alone or with IPGG was continued in subjects achieving radiographic disease control (RECIST 1.0). Results: The objective response rate (ORR; primary endpoint) was 23% in the control group (6/26), 48% in the entire IPGG group (22/46; p= 0.047 vs control), 67% in the BM+ IPGG group (10/15; p=0.009 vs control) and 39% in the BM- IPGG group (12/31; p=0.26 vs control). Median overall survival was 11.3 mo in the control group, 12.4 mo in the entire IPGG group (HR 1.04; p=0.88 vs control), 16.7 mo in the BM+ IPGG group (HR 0.70; p=0.37 vs control) and 9.4 mo in the BM- IPGG group (HR 1.28; p=0.43 vs control). Three-year survival was 0% in the control group, 7% in the entire IPGG group, 17% in the BM+ IPGG group and 0% in the BM- IPGG group. Conclusions: In summary, the addition of Imprime PGG to carboplatin, paclitaxel and cetuximab resulted in improved outcomes in BM+ patients, suggesting the potential clinical use of ABA level as a predictive biomarker for response to Imprime PGG. Clinical trial information: NCT00874848.
Passivity-Based Controller Design of Grid-Connected VSCs for Prevention of Electrical Resonance Instability (2014)

The time delay in the current control loop of a grid-connected voltage-source converter (VSC) may cause destabilization of electrical resonances in the grid or in the VSC's input filter. Instability is prevented if the input admittance of the VSC can be made passive. This paper presents an analytical controller design method for obtaining passivity. The method is equally applicable to single- and three-phase systems, i.e., in the latter case, for both stationary- and synchronous-frame control. Simulations and experiments verify the theoretical results.
HOW SMALL CAN AN ELECTRO-OPTICAL TRANSOCEANIC CABLE BE? (1981)

International Telemetering Conference Proceedings / October 13-15, 1981 / Bahia Hotel, San Diego, California
Surgical aspects of the diabetic foot (2008)

A comprehensive review of the literature relating to the pathology and management of the diabetic foot is presented. This should provide a guide for the treatment of ulcers, Charcot neuro-arthropathy and fractures involving the foot and ankle in diabetic patients.
Trench isolation technology with 1 μm depth n- and p-wells for a full-CMOS SRAM cell with a 0.4 μm n/sup +p/sup +/ spacing (2002)

This paper shows that 0.7 /spl mu/m depth shallow trench isolation with SiO/sub 2/ filling can achieve 0.4 /spl mu/m n+/p+ spacing, utilizing shallow p- and n-wells formation with retrograde profiles. An 80 degree taper trench with rounded edge accompanied by HCl ambient oxidation improves subthreshold characteristics and junction leakage. A 7.65 /spl mu/m/sup 2/ full-CMOS cell competitive to TFT cell size at 0.35 /spl mu/m design rule has been realized and a 256k bit SRAM has been fabricated.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
An Integrated Circularly Polarized Transmitter Active Phased-Array Antenna for Emerging <i>Ka</i>-Band Satellite Mobile Terminals (2019)

This paper presents the design, development, and measurement results of a low-cost integrated circularly polarized (CP) active phased-array antenna (CP-APAA) technology with sidelobe level (SLL) control, operating at <inline-formula xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$Ka$ </tex-math></inline-formula> -band, for high throughput land-mobile satellite communication. The proposed CP-APAA is comprised of ( <inline-formula xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$4\times 16$ </tex-math></inline-formula> ) 64 elements in a rectangular grid array configuration. Eight commercial monolithic monolithic microwave/millimeter-wave integrated circuit. (MMICs) with eight-RF output channels have been used to control the phase and amplitude over the antenna aperture. For simplicity, the array antenna was designed in three metal layers and fabricated by a low-cost printed circuit board (PCB) technology as a proof-of-concept for a modular and scalable <inline-formula xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$Ka$ </tex-math></inline-formula> -band PAA with a wide steering angle. Measured radiation pattern shows a right-hand CP (RHCP) pattern with an axial-ratio (AR) level < 3 dB and low pointing error ≤1.5° over a scanning angular range of 0° to ±40°. Moreover, the amplitude excitation of the CP-APAA was tapered exponentially to control and reduce the SLL from 11 to 25 dB in boresight direction. Finally, toward a multibeam array implementation, two RHCP beams have been simultaneously generated at −30° and +20° scan angles.
Inhibitory Effect of Flavonoids on Low‐Density Lipoprotein Peroxidation Catalyzed by Mammalian 15‐Lipoxygenase (2000)

Lipoxygenase-dependent low-density lipoprotein (LDL) oxidation is believed to be involved in atherogenesis. Inhibition of lipoxygenase-induced lipid peroxidation might, therefore, be an important mode to suppress the development of atherosclerosis. Because dietary antioxidants inhibit LDL oxidation in vitro and their intake is inversely associated with coronary heart diseases, we compared the inhibitory effect of three typical flavonoids-quercetin, epicatechin, and flavone-with alpha-tocopherol and ascorbic acid against human LDL oxidation catalyzed by mammalian 15-lipoxygenase. The oxidative modification of LDL was monitored by measurement of cholesteryl ester hydroperoxide (CE-OOH) formation and consumption of antioxidants by using HLPC. Quercetin and epicatechin were the strongest inhibitors of LDL oxidation catalyzed by 15-lipoxygenase; ascorbic acid was an effective inhibitor in the first 3 h of oxidation; and fivefold alpha-tocopherol-enriched LDL showed a partial inhibition of CE-OOH formation only after 4-6 h of incubation. Flavone had no effect. Quercetin, ascorbic acid, and alpha-tocopherol were consumed in the first 3 h of incubation. Consumption of LDL alpha-tocopherol was partially inhibited by ascorbic acid and quercetin, whereas epicatechin and flavone were without effect. These results emphasize the inhibitory effect of the flavonoids quercetin and epicatechin on 15-lipoxygenase-mediated LDL lipid peroxidation. At similar concentrations, they are stronger antioxidants than ascorbic acid, alpha-tocopherol, and flavone.
A Novel SNPs Detection Method Based on Gold Magnetic Nanoparticles Array and Single Base Extension (2012)

To fulfill the increasing need for large-scale genetic research, a high-throughput and automated SNPs genotyping method based on gold magnetic nanoparticles (GMNPs) array and dual-color single base extension has been designed. After amplification of DNA templates, biotinylated extension primers were captured by streptavidin coated gold magnetic nanoparticle (SA-GMNPs). Next a solid-phase, dual-color single base extension (SBE) reaction with the specific biotinylated primer was performed directly on the surface of the GMNPs. Finally, a "bead array" was fabricated by spotting GMNPs with fluorophore on a clean glass slide, and the genotype of each sample was discriminated by scanning the "bead array". MTHFR gene C677T polymorphism of 320 individual samples were interrogated using this method, the signal/noise ratio for homozygous samples were over 12.33, while the signal/noise ratio for heterozygous samples was near 1. Compared with other dual-color hybridization based genotyping methods, the method described here gives a higher signal/noise ratio and SNP loci can be identified with a high level of confidence. This assay has the advantage of eliminating the need for background subtraction and direct analysis of the fluorescence values of the GMNPs to determine their genotypes without the necessary procedures for purification and complex reduction of PCR products. The application of this strategy to large-scale SNP studies simplifies the process, and reduces the labor required to produce highly sensitive results while improving the potential for automation.
A single‐chain variable fragment intrabody prevents intracellular polymerization of Z α <sub>1</sub> ‐antitrypsin while allowing its antiproteinase activity (2015)

Mutant Z α1-antitrypsin (E342K) accumulates as polymers within the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) of hepatocytes predisposing to liver disease, whereas low levels of circulating Z α1-antitrypsin lead to emphysema by loss of inhibition of neutrophil elastase. The ideal therapy should prevent polymer formation while preserving inhibitory activity. Here we used mAb technology to identify interactors with Z α1-antitrypsin that comply with both requirements. We report the generation of an mAb (4B12) that blocked α1-antitrypsin polymerization in vitro at a 1:1 molar ratio, causing a small increase of the stoichiometry of inhibition for neutrophil elastase. A single-chain variable fragment (scFv) intrabody was generated based on the sequence of mAb4B12. The expression of scFv4B12 within the ER (scFv4B12KDEL) and along the secretory pathway (scFv4B12) reduced the intracellular polymerization of Z α1-antitrypsin by 60%. The scFv4B12 intrabody also increased the secretion of Z α1-antitrypsin that retained inhibitory activity against neutrophil elastase. MAb4B12 recognized a discontinuous epitope probably located in the region of helices A/C/G/H/I and seems to act by altering protein dynamics rather than binding preferentially to the native state. This novel approach could reveal new target sites for small-molecule intervention that may block the transition to aberrant polymers without compromising the inhibitory activity of Z α1-antitrypsin.