gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A real-time video signal processor suitable for motion picture coding applications (1989)

A real-time video signal processor (VSP) system has been developed. The system employs three multiprocessor clusters, each of which has 12 video signal processor modules (VSPMs). A VSPM in a cluster processes its assigned subimage by using an overlap-save technique. Each cluster uses the same multiprocessor structure, in which homogeneous processor modules are connected to input, output, and feedback buses in parallel and two bus switch units. By controlling these units, the clusters can be combined in pipeline and/or parallel forms. Each cluster also uses a variable delay unit which achieves up to one frame delay on the feedback bus. By using this unit, interframe processing can be carried out without using internal data memories in VSPMs for the frame delay. The employment of the bus switches and the variable delay unit increases flexibility for a variety of signal processing algorithms. The system performs 500 million operations per second and is currently used as a real-time evaluation system for low-bit-rate picture encoders.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Direct Conversion of Heat to Electricity Using First-Order Phase Transformations in Ferroelectrics (2019)

The discovery of alternate methods of producing energy that do not contribute to global climate change is a compelling problem of our time. This study develops a means of generating electricity from small temperature differences by exploiting a first-order ferroelectric phase transformation. The authors model the thermodynamics of energy conversion using the Landau free energy, and experimentally demonstrate the direct conversion of heat to electricity using single-crystal BaTiO${}_{3}$. A key role is played by the influence of electric field on transformation temperature, which has the effect of opening up a mixed-phase region in the temperature-entropy diagram.
Investigation of nanocrystalline diamond films as UV transparent Ohmic contacts to GaN (2007)

Nanocrystalline diamond (NCD) thin films are of interest due to their large bandgap and excellent thermal properties, which make them attractive for power device applications. The UV transparency of NCD films has been previously reported on Si and glass substrates. In addition, it has been demonstrated that NCD films grown on 4H-SiC exhibit a nearly ideal Schottky contact behavior. In this paper, the electrical contact properties of NCD films on GaN are investigated.
The autoepitope of the 74-kD mitochondrial autoantigen of primary biliary cirrhosis corresponds to the functional site of dihydrolipoamide acetyltransferase. (1988)

Autoantibodies to mitochondrial antigens are characteristic of the autoimmune liver disease primary biliary cirrhosis (PBC), but the precise antigenic determinants recognized by these antibodies have not been defined. Recently, our laboratory identified a 1,370-bp rat liver cDNA clone that coded for a polypeptide recognized specifically by sera from patients with PBC but not by sera from patients with other forms of liver disease. This recombinant protein was identified as the 74-kD M2 mitochondrial inner membrane autoantigen, now known to be dihydrolipoamide acetyltransferase. In the present study, we have identified a 603-bp fragment that codes for a polypeptide containing all of the autoreactivity of the original clone. In addition, based on hydrophobicity/hydrophilicity plots of the amino acid sequence of this polypeptide segment, several peptides were synthesized and tested for reactivity by an inhibition assay using sera from patients with PBC. One peptide, defined by the amino acids AEIETDKATIGFEVQEEGYL, absorbed serum reactivity to the protein product of the original clone. Of particular interest was the finding that this peptide contains the lipoic acid binding site KATIGF of the dihydrolipoamide acetyltransferase found in the inner mitochondrial membrane. Thus, it appears that for this autoantigen, the target of the autoantibodies corresponds to a functional site of the dihydrolipoamide acetyltransferase.
Towards spoken-document retrieval for the internet (2006)

Large-scale web-search engines are generally designed for linear text. The linear text representation is suboptimal for audio search, where accuracy can be significantly improved if the search includes alternate recognition candidates, commonly represented as word lattices. This paper proposes a method for indexing word lattices that is suitable for large-scale web-search engines, requiring only limited code changes. The proposed method, called Time-based Merging for Indexing (TMI), first converts the word lattice to a posterior-probability representation and then merges word hypotheses with similar time boundaries to reduce the index size. Four alternative approximations are presented, which differ in index size and the strictness of the phrase-matching constraints. Results are presented for three types of typical web audio content, podcasts, video clips, and online lectures, for phrase spotting and relevance ranking. Using TMI indexes that are only five times larger than corresponding lineartext indexes, phrase spotting was improved over searching top-1 transcripts by 25-35%, and relevance ranking by 14%, at only a small loss compared to unindexed lattice search.
Cobalt-Catalyzed Asymmetric Olefin Aziridination with Diphenylphosphoryl Azide (2008)

The cobalt(II) complexes of D2-symmetric chiral porphyrins, such as 3,5-Di(t)Bu-ChenPhyrin P5, can catalyze asymmetric olefin aziridination with diphenylphosphoryl azide (DPPA) as a nitrene source. Acceptable asymmetric inductions were observed for the [Co(P5)]-based catalytic system, forming the desired N-phosphorus-substituted aziridines in moderate to high yields and good enantioselectivities.
Folded Tubular Photometer for atmospheric measurements of NO <sub>2</sub> and NO (2018)

Abstract. We describe and characterize a modular Folded Tubular Photometer for making direct measurements of the concentrations of air pollutants such as nitrogen dioxide (NO2), sulfur dioxide (SO2), ozone (O3), and black carbon particulate matter. Direct absorbance measurements using this photometer can be made across the spectral range from the ultraviolet (UV) to the near-infrared. The absorbance cell makes use of modular components (tubular detection cells and mirror cubes) that allow construction of path lengths of up to 2 meters or more while maintaining low cell volumes. The long path lengths and low cell volumes enable sensitive detection of ambient air pollutants down to low part-per-billion levels for gas species and aerosol extinctions down to 1 Mm−1, corresponding to ~ 0.1 μg m−3 for black carbon particulates. Pressure equalization throughout the stages of the absorbance measurement is shown to be critical to accurate measurements of analyte concentrations. The present paper describes the application of this photometer to direct measurements of nitrogen dioxide (NO2) and the incorporation of design features that also enable measurement of nitric oxide (NO) in the same instrument. Excellent agreement for ambient measurements along an urban roadside was found for both NO2 and NO measured by the Folded Tubular Photometer compared to existing standard techniques. Compared to commonly used methods for measurements of NOx species, the advantages of this approach include 1) an absolute quantification for NO2 based on the Beer-Lambert Law, thereby greatly reducing the frequency at which calibrations are required; 2) the direct measurement of NO2 concentration without prior conversion to NO as is required for the commonly used chemiluminescence method; 3) the use of modular components that allow construction of absorbance detection cells of varying lengths for extending the dynamic range of concentrations that can be measured; 4) a more economical instrument than other currently available direct measurement techniques for NO2; and 5) the potential for simultaneous detection of additional species such as SO2, O3, and black carbon in the same instrument. In contrast to other commercially available direct NO2 measurements, such as cavity-attenuated phase shift spectroscopy (CAPS), the Folded Tubular Photometer provides a means for measuring NO simultaneously in the same apparatus by quantitatively converting NO to NO2 with ozone, which is then detected by direct absorbance.
Design and Synthesis of a Transferable Farnesyl Pyrophosphate Analogue to Ras by Protein Farnesyltransferase (2000)

The posttranslational addition of a farnesyl moiety to the Ras oncoprotein is essential for its membrane localization and is required for both its biological activity and ability to induce malignant transformation. We describe the design and synthesis of a farnesyl pyrophosphate (FPP) analogue, 8-anilinogeranyl pyrophosphate 3 (AGPP), in which the omega-terminal isoprene unit of the farnesyl group has been replaced with an aniline functionality. The key steps in the synthesis are the reductive amination of the alpha,beta-unsaturated aldehyde 5 to form the lipid analogue 6, and the subsequent conversion of the allylic alcohol 7 to the chloride 8 via Ph(3)PCl(2) followed by displacement with [(n-Bu)(4)N](3)HP(2)O(7) to give AGPP (3). AGPP is a substrate for protein farnesyltransferase (FTase) and is transferred to Ras by FTase with the same kinetics as the natural substrate, FPP. AGPP is highly selective, showing little inhibitory activity against either geranylgeranyl-protein transferase type I (GGTase I) (K(i) = 0.06 microM, IC(50) = 20 microM) or squalene synthase (IC(50) = 1000 microM). AGPP is the first efficiently transferable analogue of FPP to be modified at the omega-terminus that provides a platform from which additional analogues can be made to probe the biological function of protein farnesylation. AGPP is the first example of a class of compounds that are alternate substrates for protein isoprenylation that are not inhibitors of squalene synthase.
A region at the left end of the fowl adenovirus 9 genome that is non-essential in vitro has consequences in vivo (2009)

The regions at the left and right ends of fowl adenovirus (FAdV) genomes are not well-characterized in comparison to those of human adenoviruses. Using a series of deletion mutants, we analysed a 2.4 kb region near the left end of the FAdV-9 genome (nt 400-2782) that contains packaging-signal motifs VI and VII and open reading frames (ORFs) 0, 1, 1A, 1B, 1C and 2. Viable viruses with specific deletions in this region had wild-type characteristics in vitro, as measured by cytopathic effect, plaque morphology, virus titres and growth kinetics. However, one mutant (FAdV-9Delta4), which lacked these ORFs and retained the packaging motifs, did not replicate at wild-type levels in vivo, as judged in infected eggs by virus titres in allantoic fluid and in infected chickens by antibody responses, virus titres in faeces and virus genome copy numbers in tissues. These findings indicate that some of the ORFs in this region, although dispensable in vitro, are important for in vivo replication of FAdV-9.
Studies on Antifungal Agents. Part 22. 3‐aryl‐5‐[(aryloxy)alkyl]‐3‐[(1<i>H</i>‐imidazol‐1‐yl)methyl]‐2‐methylisoxazolidines and related derivatives (1988)

Abstract The synthesis and antifungal activity of a novel series of 3‐aryl‐5‐[(aryloxy)alkyl]‐3‐[(1 H ‐imidazol‐1‐yl)‐methyl]‐2‐methylisoxazolidines and related compounds, are discussed. The synthesis of the title compounds was accomplished via a 1,3‐dipolar cycloaddition of α‐substituted ketonitrones with l‐alkenyl phenyl ethers (Scheme 2 and 3). The compounds were evaluated for in vitro antifungal activity in solid agar cultures against a broad variety of yeast and systemic mycoses and dermatophytes. While antifungal activity was evident throughout the series, in general, derivatives having halogen atom(s) in either or both aryl rings demonstrated the highest potency, especially against Trichophyton rubrum and Candida albicans . The dichloro analog 20 (PR 967‐248) was found to possess the most useful activity. Its minimum inhibitory concentration ( MIC ) values ranged between 0.2 and 2.0 μg/ml, as compared to 0.2–20.0 μg/ml for the standard drug ketoconazole (4).
Radiation dose reduction in computed tomography: techniques and future perspective (2009)

Despite universal consensus that computed tomography (CT) overwhelmingly benefits patients when used for appropriate indications, concerns have been raised regarding the potential risk of cancer induction from CT due to the exponentially increased use of CT in medicine. Keeping radiation dose as low as reasonably achievable, consistent with the diagnostic task, remains the most important strategy for decreasing this potential risk. This article summarizes the general technical strategies that are commonly used for radiation dose management in CT. Dose-management strategies for pediatric CT, cardiac CT, dual-energy CT, CT perfusion and interventional CT are specifically discussed, and future perspectives on CT dose reduction are presented.
Extreme Amyloid Polymorphism in <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i> Virulent PSMα Peptides (2018)

Abstract Members of the Staphylococcus aureus phenol-soluble modulin (PSM) peptide family are secreted as functional amyloids that serve diverse roles in pathogenicity and may be present as full-length peptides or as naturally occurring truncations. We recently showed that the activity of PSMα3, the most toxic member, stems from the formation of cross-α fibrils, which are at variance with the cross-β fibrils linked with eukaryotic amyloid pathologies. Here, we show that PSMα1 and PSMα4, involved in biofilm structuring, form canonical cross-β amyloid fibrils wherein β-sheets tightly mate through steric zipper interfaces, conferring high stability. Contrastingly, a truncated PSMα3 has antibacterial activity, forms reversible fibrils, and reveals two polymorphic and atypical β-rich fibril architectures. These architectures are radically different from both the cross-α fibrils formed by full-length PSMα3, and from the canonical cross-β fibrils. Our results point to structural plasticity being at the basis of the functional diversity exhibited by S. aureus PSMαs.
Synthesis and Anti-Juvenile Hormone Activity of 1-Substituted-5-[(<i>E</i>)-2,6-dimethyl-1, 5-heptadienyl]imidazoles (1985)

Journal Article Synthesis and Anti-Juvenile Hormone Activity of 1-Substituted-5-[(E)-2,6-dimethyl-1, 5-heptadienyl]imidazoles Get access Eiichi Kuwano, Eiichi Kuwano Department of Agricultural Chemistry, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 812, Japan Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Ryuko Takeya, Ryuko Takeya Department of Agricultural Chemistry, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 812, Japan Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Morifusa Eto Morifusa Eto Department of Agricultural Chemistry, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 812, Japan Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Agricultural and Biological Chemistry, Volume 49, Issue 2, 1 February 1985, Pages 483–486, https://doi.org/10.1080/00021369.1985.10866750 Published: 01 February 1985 Article history Received: 22 August 1984 Published: 01 February 1985
Direct Embedding of Fiber-Optical Load Sensors into Wind Turbine Blades (2013)

Long Period Gratings were embedded into the adhesive utilized in the matrix of a wind turbine blade. The LPGs were subsequently subjected to temperature-testing in order to assess their performance, which illustrates good embedding capabilities.
Graphene-based field-effect transistor structures for terahertz applications (2012)

We propose Terahertz (THz) plasmonic devices based on linearly integrated FETs (LFETs) on Graphene. LFET structures are advantageous for (THz) detection since the coupling between the THz radiation and the plasma wave is strongly enhanced over the single gate devices and accordingly higher-order plasma resonances become possible. AlGaN/GaN heterostructure LFETs with their high sheet carrier concentration and high electron mobility are promising for plasmonic THz detection. Nevertheless, our numerical studies show that room temperature resonant absorption of THz radiation by the plasmons in AlGaN/GaN LFETs is very weak even if the integration density is sufficiently large. Our simulations also demonstrate that similar LFETs on Graphene, which has very large electron mobility, can resonantly absorb THz radiation up to 5th harmonic at room temperature. Additionally, we investigated LFETs with integrated cavities on Graphene. Such Periodic Cavity LFETs substantially enhance the quality factor of the resonant modes.
Laser-based ultrasonic NDE using gas-coupled laser acoustic detection (1998)

An optical beam-deflection technique has been applied to the ultrasonic inspection of materials. The technique is similar to air-coupled detection, except the airborne wave is detected through beam deflection instead of with an electro-acoustic transducer. It is a noncontact, laser-based, detection technique that does not depend on reflection of the detection laser beam from the surface. It is thus independent of the surface optical properties of the material under test, and is particularly suitable for testing polymer/graphite composites, which have rough surfaces of poor optical reflectivity. The beam is directed parallel to the surface of a solid material under investigation and is incident on a custom-built position-sensitive photodetector. A wave is radiated from the surface into the surrounding gas during reflection of elastic waves in the solid. The transverse acoustic density gradients cause a beam deflection which is clearly observable with the photodetector. Applications of gas-coupled laser acoustic detection (GCLAD) with laser ultrasound generation will be illustrated with (1) waveforms showing numerous, well-resolved echoes, (2) C-scans showing subsurface defects, and (3) surface acoustic waves. The samples tested include several types of polymer/graphite composites. [Work supported by the Army Research Office.]
Bioluminescence Tomography Imaging In Vivo: Recent Advances (2011)

We review the current state-of-the-art of bioluminescence tomography (BLT) imaging, which is an emerging technique for monitoring and assessment of biological processes in vivo. The aim of BLT is to reconstruct 3-D distribution of the internal bioluminescent source using boundary measurements acquired by a BLT imaging system. Thus, BLT becomes a task of solving an inverse problem with an appropriate photon propagation model. In this paper, we discuss recent advances in models of photon transport, and review in detail the current techniques for BLT reconstructions. Specifically, we consider the reconstruction algorithms based on the permissible source region strategy, and multispectral and regularization techniques. The progress in the BLT imaging system is also briefly introduced. Finally, future challenges are also discussed.
Laser heterodyne interferometric signal processing method based on rising edge locking with high frequency clock signal (2013)

A novel phase measurement method composed of the rising-edge locked signal processing and the digital frequency mixing is proposed for laser heterodyne interferometer. The rising-edge locked signal processing, which employs a high frequency clock signal to lock the rising-edges of the reference and measurement signals, not only can improve the steepness of the rising-edge, but also can eliminate the error counting caused by multi-rising-edge phenomenon in fringe counting. The digital frequency mixing is realized by mixing the digital interference signal with a digital base signal that is different from conventional frequency mixing with analogue signals. These signal processing can improve the measurement accuracy and enhance anti-interference and measurement stability. The principle and implementation of the method are described in detail. An experimental setup was constructed and a series of experiments verified the feasibility of the method in large displacement measurement with high speed and nanometer resolution.
Development of an On-Line Rotor Crack Detection and Monitoring System (1989)

A very comprehensive technology of on-line rotor crack detection and monitoring has been developed. The technique, based on the vibration signature analysis (VSA) approach, can detect incipient transverse rotor cracks in an “on-line mode.” The technique is generic and is applicable to all machines whose rotors are subjected to some kind of bending load. These machines include turbines, generators, pumps and motors, etc. The technique is based on the analytical modeling of the dynamics of the system. The basic idea is that through the modeling approach, the crack symptoms can be determined in terms of characteristic vibration signatures. These signatures are then used to diagnose the flaw in real life situations. A 3-D finite element crack model and a nonlinear rotor dynamic code have also been developed to accurately model a cracked rotor system. This program has been used to develop a variety of unique vibration signatures indicating a rotor crack. Both the analytical crack model and the crack signature analysis techniques have been experimentally validated. A microprocessor-based on-line rotor crack detection and monitoring system has been developed. The system has successfully detected cracks of the order of 1 to 2 percent of shaft diameter deep in an “on-line” mode in a series of large-scale laboratory tests. The system has been installed on a turbine-generator set at a utility in the field in October 1986 and has since been operating continuously, both in on-line as well as in coast-down modes, essentially, flawlessly. The system has also been applied in a crack detection program for nuclear reactor vertical coolant pumps. This paper describes all aspects of the development, starting from the technical concept to the commercial field applications.
A near blind low complexity carrier frequency offset estimator for OFDM (2008)

A semi blind technique for estimating the carrier frequency offset in OFDM communication systems is presented in this paper. The fractional and integer frequency offsets are estimated by employing a few null subcarriers in the first OFDM symbol in a frame. While the conventional null subcarrier based methods estimate the offset by a single global search, the proposed method employs a two stage estimator, which greatly minimize the computational complexity. We also present a novel null subcarrier allocation scheme which ensures an estimation range equal to the OFDM bandwidth. Furthermore, the bandwidth overhead of the proposed scheme is very low compared to many earlier approaches which use only null subcarriers or periodic training sequences. The MSE and BER performance of the proposed method is compared with that of a recently published method.
Highly efficient and reusable CNT supported iron(<scp>ii</scp>) catalyst for microwave assisted alcohol oxidation (2016)

The highly efficient eco-friendly synthesis of ketones (yields over 99%) from secondary alcohols is achieved by combination of [FeCl2{η(3)-HC(pz)3}] (pz = pyrazol-1-yl) supported on functionalized multi-walled carbon nanotubes and microwave irradiation, in a solvent-free medium. The carbon homoscorpionate iron(ii) complex is the first one of this class to be used as catalyst for the oxidation of alcohols.
Design of an immersion echelle-prism mid-IR spectrograph for chemical remote sensing (1994)

We have designed an immersion echelle-prism spectrograph for the remote detection of chemicals in the atmosphere. The instrument operates in the 2 and 3 micron atmospheric windows, and provides maximum throughput at 0.1 cm<SUP>-1</SUP> resolution. Crossed dispersers consisting of a high order silicon immersion echelle (13.5 grooves/mm) and 43 degree immersion prism (Rutherford prism) are combined in a Littrow configuration to generate a two-dimensional spectrum in the image plane.