gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Improved method for detecting hemagglutination by centrifugal analysis. (1979)

Centrifugal analysis can be used to detect hepatitis B surface antigen, antibody to rubella virus, and fibrin-related antigen. The procedure is performed with the same reagents used in conventional hemagglutination studies. Positive and negative reactions are distinguished by the rates of erythrocyte clearance in the centrifugal field (delta A/delta time); positive cells move more rapidly than negative cells, and this difference varies directly with the concentration of detectable antigen or antibody. This phenomenon is thought to be a result of the greater adhesion of negative cells to the cuvette's surface. Sensitivity and specificity are greater in the centrifugal analysis technique than in the more conventional hemagglutination tests. False-positive reactions are eliminated and the quantitative data are accurate and reproducible.
Natural Language Querying of Complex Business Intelligence Queries (2019)

Natural Language Interface to Database (NLIDB) eliminates the need for an end user to use complex query languages like SQL by translating the input natural language statements to SQL automatically. Although NLIDB systems have seen rapid growth of interest recently, the current state-of-the-art systems can at best handle point queries to retrieve certain column values satisfying some filters, or aggregation queries involving basic SQL aggregation functions. In this demo, we showcase our NLIDB system with extended capabilities for business applications that require complex nested SQL queries without prior training or feedback from human in-the-loop. In particular, our system uses novel algorithms that combine linguistic analysis with deep domain reasoning for solving core challenges in handling nested queries. To demonstrate the capabilities, we propose a new benchmark dataset containing realistic business intelligence queries, conforming to an ontology derived from FIBO and FRO financial ontologies. In this demo, we will showcase a wide range of complex business intelligence queries against our benchmark dataset, with increasing level of complexity. The users will be able to examine the SQL queries generated, and also will be provided with an English description of the interpretation.
In <i>vivo</i> studies validating multitargeting of prostanoid receptors for achieving superior anti‐inflammatory effects (2016)

The purpose of these studies was to test the hypothesis that a selected polypharmacological approach for treating the prostanoid-mediated component of inflammatory diseases would produce a therapeutic effect superior to global inhibition of prostaglandin (PG) biosynthesis by aspirin-like drugs. The compound studied was AGN 211377, which had been previously shown to produce a superior effect on cytokine release from human macrophages compared with cyclooxygenase (COX) inhibitors. AGN 211377 antagonizes prostanoid prostaglandin D<sub>2</sub> (DP)<sub>1</sub>, DP<sub>2</sub>, prostaglandin E<sub>2</sub> (EP)<sub>1</sub>, EP<sub>4</sub>, prostaglandin F<sub>2α</sub>, and thromboxane A<sub>2</sub> receptors but not anti-inflammatory EP<sub>2</sub>, prostaglandin I<sub>2</sub>, or EP<sub>3</sub> receptors. Established rodent models of ocular inflammatory diseases were used to determine therapeutic effects in living animals. The drugs were administered systemically after predetermination of their blood levels to ensure bioavailability at an appropriate dose level. Whereas compounds selective for a single prostanoid receptor typically exhibited modest but statistically significant inhibition, AGN 211377 profoundly inhibited S-antigen-induced uveitis and laser-induced retinal neovascularization. Consistent with previous polypharmacological studies on chemokine/cytokine release from human macrophages, the prostanoid EP<sub>1</sub> receptor played a permissive role in suppressing neovascularization and inflammation in vivo Comparing AGN 211377 with a close structural congener lacking EP<sub>1</sub> antagonism (AGN 197727), AGN 197727 was much less active than AGN 211377, but pronounced anti-inflammatory and angiostatic effects were achieved by adding the EP<sub>1</sub> antagonist compound (SC-51322) to AGN 197727 in the systemic dosing regimen. Further, AGN 211377 produced superior anti-inflammatory activity compared with the nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory agent ketorolac. These results indicate the value of using a polypharmacological approach in the design of novel therapeutic agents in preference to compounds targeting a single receptor or enzyme. A compound such as AGN 211377 may represent more effective therapy than COX inhibitors in treating uveitis and ocular diseases where neovascularization is a significant part of the pathology.-Woodward, D. F., Wang, J. W., Ni, M., Bauer, A., Martos, J. L., Carling, R. W., Poloso, N. J. In vivo studies validating multitargeting of prostanoid receptors for achieving superior anti-inflammatory effects.
Sub-Band Versus Space-Delay Precoding for Wideband mmWave Channels (2018)

Precoding for frequency-selective multiple-input single output channels is often performed on a sub-band basis in frequency-domain. Such sub-band precoding will also be adopted in the upcoming 3GPP Release 15 New Radio. Exploiting the large available bandwidth at millimeter-Wave (mmWave) frequencies will significantly increase the number of sub-bands, and hence the feedback overhead when sub-band precoding is applied. In this letter, we propose a precoding scheme that exploits the sparsity of mmWave channels by performing precoding in the space-delay domain. It is shown that the proposed precoder outperforms the former in terms of average mutual information and reduces the feedback overhead.
Molten Air -- A new, highest energy class of rechargeable batteries (2013)

This study introduces the principles of a new class of batteries, rechargeable molten air batteries, and several battery chemistry examples are demonstrated. The new battery class uses a molten electrolyte, are quasi reversible, and have amongst the highest intrinsic battery electric energy storage capacities. Three examples of the new batteries are demonstrated. These are the iron, carbon and VB2 molten air batteries with respective intrinsic volumetric energy capacities of 10,000, 19,000 and 27,000 Wh per liter.
<title>EUV mask contact layer defect printability and requirement</title> (2000)

In this paper, the printability of Extreme ultraviolet (EUV) mask contact layer defects at 90 nm contact size and above is studied via ultra-thin DUV resist and 10X EUV Microstepper. The EUV mask contact defect size requirement is determined by taking into account the wafer process critical dimension (CD) variability. In the experiment, two types of contact mask defect were studied. They are opaque defect placed at both edge and center of a contact and clear defect at edge of a contact. The programmed EUV absorber defect mask was fabricated by subtractive metal patterning on a Mo/Si multilayered-coated silicon wafer substrate. The 10X experimental EUV lithography system with 13.4 nm exposure wavelength and 0.088 NA imaging lens was used to expose the programmed defect mask. The response of the printed resist contact area to the metal absorber mask defect area is measured under different process conditions, i.e., different exposure doses. It is found that the EUV resist contact area responds to the mask defect area linearly for small mask defects. From such a set of contact area change vs. defect area response lines, the allowable absorber mask defect requirement for the contact layer is assessed via statistical explanation of the printable mask defect size, which is tied to the wafer process specifications and the actual wafer process CD controllability. Our results showed that a clear and an opaque intrusion corner absorber mask defect as small as 70 - 80 nm (4X) is printable for 90 nm contacts when 10% contact area change (or 5% contact DC change) due to defect alone is allowed. The effect of an opaque defect at center of a contact is found similar to that of corner opaque defect for smaller defect. It becomes much worse than that of at edges when defect is large. Based on the statistical defect printability analysis method that we have developed, the printable mask defect size can always be re-defined without additional data collection when the process controllability or the process specification changes.
Suzuki−Miyaura Cross-Coupling Reactions Mediated by Palladium/Imidazolium Salt Systems (2002)

Nucleophilic N-heterocyclic carbenes (NHC) have been used as ancillary ligands in palladium-mediated Suzuki−Miyaura cross-coupling reactions involving aryl chlorides or aryl triflates with arylboronic acids. The scope of the coupling process using Pd(0) or Pd(II) sources and an imidazolium salt in the presence of a base, Cs2CO3, was tested using various substrates. The Pd(OAc)2 or Pd2(dba)3/IMes·HCl (2, IMes = 1,3-bis(2,4,6-trimethylphenyl)imidazol-2-ylidene) system presents very high activity with respect to electron-neutral and electron-rich aryl chlorides. The ligand IPr·HCl (3, IPr = 1,3-bis(2,6-diisopropylphenyl)imidazol-2-ylidene) is also effective for the Suzuki−Miyaura cross-coupling involving a wide spectrum of aryl chlorides and aryl triflates. The general protocol developed has been applied successfully to the synthesis of an antiinflammatory drug (Fenbufen) and to a key intermediate in the synthesis of sartans. Mechanistically, palladium-to-ligand ratio studies support an active palladium species bearing one nucleophilic carbene ligand.
Polymer/Polymer Blend Solar Cells Using Tetraazabenzodifluoranthene Diimide Conjugated Polymers as Electron Acceptors (2015)

Two n-type semiconducting polymers with alternating arylene (thiophene or selenophene)–tetraazabenzodifluoranthene diimide (BFI) donor–acceptor architecture have been investigated as new electron acceptors in polymer/polymer blend solar cells. The new selenophene-linked polymer, PBFI-S, has a significantly smaller optical band gap (1.13 eV) than the thiophene-linked PBFI-T (1.38 eV); however, both polymers have similar HOMO/LUMO energy levels determined from cyclic voltammetry. Blends of PBFI-T with the thiazolothiazole–dithienylsilole donor polymer (PSEHTT) gave a 2.60% power conversion efficiency (PCE) with a 7.34 mA/cm2 short-circuit current. In contrast, PBFI-S:PSEHTT blends had a 0.75% PCE with similarly reduced photocurrent and external quantum efficiency. Reduced free energy for charge transfer and reduced bulk electron mobility in PBFI-S:PSEHTT blends compared to PBFI-T:PSEHTT blends as well as significant differences in bulk film morphology are among the reasons for the large loss in efficiency in PBFI-S:PSEHTT blend solar cells.
Noncontrast Magnetic Resonance Angiography for the Diagnosis of Peripheral Vascular Disease (2019)

Contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance angiography (MRA) provides excellent assessment of the peripheral arterial vasculature and is considered an important adjunctive diagnostic modality for the assessment of peripheral arterial disease. However, given the high prevalence of chronic kidney disease in patients with peripheral arterial disease, the association of gadolinium contrast media with nephrogenic systemic fibrosis, and recent concern with consequences of long-term deposition of gadolinium in the brain, there has been a renewed interest in noncontrast MRA approaches. Recent improvements in pulse sequences combined with instrumentation have facilitated the development of newer noncontrast MRA sequences that provide high spatial resolution, allowing the evaluation of distal (infrageniculate and pedal) vessels of importance in patients with critical limb ischemia. Further, many of these sequences are time efficient and versatile, allowing rapid evaluation of the entire lower extremity vasculature. In this comprehensive review, we outline historic techniques and compare these with newer approaches such as quiescent interval slice-selective MRA, 3-dimensional fast spin echo , and velocity-sensitive MRA that are emerging as an alternative to computed tomographic angiography or digital subtraction angiography for the evaluation of lower limb arteries in patients with peripheral arterial disease. Technical details and applications in clinical practice will be discussed.
A new BlueRing scatternet topology for Bluetooth with its formation, routing, and maintenance protocols (2003)

Abstract The basic networking unit in Bluetooth is piconet , and a larger‐area Bluetooth network can be formed by multiple piconets, called scatternet . However, the structure of scatternets is not defined in the Bluetooth specification and remains as an open issue at the designers' choice. It is desirable to have simple yet efficient scatternet topologies with good supports of routing protocols, considering that Bluetooths are to be used for personal area networks with design goals of simplicity and compactness. In the literature, although many routing protocols have been proposed for mobile ad hoc networks , directly applying them poses a problem due to Bluetooth's special baseband and MAC‐layer features. In this work, we propose an attractive scatternet topology called BlueRing , which connects piconets as a ring interleaved by bridges between piconets, and address its formation, routing, and topology‐maintenance protocols. The BlueRing architecture enjoys the following fine features. First, routing on BlueRing is stateless in the sense that no routing information needs to be kept by any host once the ring is formed. This would be favorable for environments such as Smart Homes where computing capability is limited. Second, the architecture is scalable to median‐size scatternets easily (e.g. around 50 ∼ 70 Bluetooth units). In comparison, most star‐ or treelike scatternet topologies can easily form a communication bottleneck at the root of the tree as the network enlarges. Third, maintaining a BlueRing is an easy job even as some Bluetooth units join or leave the network. To tolerate single‐point failure, we propose a protocol‐level remedy mechanism. To tolerate multipoint failure, we propose a recovery mechanism to reconnect the BlueRing. Graceful failure is tolerable as long as no two or more critical points fail at the same time. As far as we know, the fault‐tolerant issue has not been properly addressed by existing scatternet protocols yet. In addition, we also evaluate the ideal network throughput at different BlueRing sizes and configurations by mathematical analysis. Simulation results are presented, which demonstrate that BlueRing outperforms other scatternet structures with higher network throughput and moderate packet delay. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
ANN based tube leak detection system (2002)

This paper discusses preliminary work conducted by the authors dealing with the use of artificial neural networks (ANN) to detect boiler tube leaks. The design aspects of the ANN and preliminary testing using real data are presented.
Experiment on the Extraction of Microwave Pulses from a Superconducting Cavity (1981)

Microwave pulses are extracted from a superconducting cavity by changing mechanically the coupling factor to the output circuit. The peak output power is about 10 times that of the steady state. The results are explained fairly well by theoretical analysis. Possible improvements for obtaining high peak powers are discussed.
Indexing of technical line drawing databases (1999)

Image indexing, namely, the problem of retrieving content information from images in response to queries, is a key problem underlying the operations in image databases. We present a method of indexing for 3D object queries in a database of a class of images called technical line drawings. Indexing is achieved as a combination of query-specific region selection and object recognition. The selection phase isolates relevant images and the regions in these images that are likely to contain the queried object. This is done using text information in the query and a grouping mechanism that is guaranteed to isolate single-object containing regions for the class of technical line drawing images. The grouping mechanism is an adaptation of Waltz relaxation to an extended junction set derived by analyzing the physically plausible ways in which interpretation lines interact with object contours. Model-based object recognition then confirms the presence of the part at the selected location using geometrical description of the queried 3D object. Results are shown that indicate that query-specific selection is very effective for reducing the search during indexing while lowering the chance of false positives and negatives.
Design and Synthesis of High Refractive Index Polymers. II (1992)

Abstract The synthesis, physical and optical properties of a series of high molecular weight, colorless, nonbirefringent, amorphous polymethacrylates (and acrylates) comprising brominated and iodinated carbazole rings that are connected to the backbone by short hydrocarbon spacers are described. The refractive indices exhibited by these homopolymers are in the range of 1.67 to 1.77. A ternary mixture of brominated monomers has a low melting point (<50°C); the refractive index of the corresponding polymer = 1.72.
A comparison of calibration data from full field digital mammography units for breast density measurements (2013)

The generality of our calibration approach was established under ideal conditions. Evaluation with patient data using breast cancer status as the endpoint is required to demonstrate that the approach produces a breast density measure associated with breast cancer.
Securing mechanism for the deployable column of the Hoop/Column antenna (1983)

The Column Longeron Latch (CLL) was designed and developed as the securing mechanism for the deployable, telescoping column of the Hoop/Column antenna. The column is an open lattice structure with three longerons as the principal load-bearing members. It is divided into telescoping sections that are deployed after the antenna is place in Earth orbit. The CLL provides a means to automatically lock the longeron sections into position during deployment as well as a means of unlocking the sections when the antenna is to be restowed. The CLL is a four bar linkage mechanism using the over center principle for locking. It utilizes the relative movement of the longeron sections to activate the mechanism during antenna deployment and restowing. The CLL design is one of the first mechanisms developed to meet the restowing requirements of spacecraft which will utilize the STS retrieval capability.
Pulsed room-temperature operation of a tunable NaCl color center laser (1987)

A tunable pulsed color center laser using additively colored OH − -doped NaCl is discussed. The laser has produced output energies exceeding 8 mJ in 20-ns pulses. This energy is four times greater than that reported for previous pulsed color center lasers. More significantly, this performance has been achieved with a room-temperature crystal. The laser has a tuning range which extends from 1.37 to 1.77 µ m. Based on the observed spectral properties of the center 1 and the laser tuning curve, laser action at room temperature is tentatively ascribed to <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" id="eq1" display="inline"> <mml:mrow> <mml:msubsup> <mml:mi>F</mml:mi> <mml:mn>2</mml:mn> <mml:mo>+</mml:mo> </mml:msubsup> </mml:mrow> </mml:math> centers. The OH ions are necessary for producing a sufficient <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" id="eq2" display="inline"> <mml:mrow> <mml:msubsup> <mml:mi>F</mml:mi> <mml:mn>2</mml:mn> <mml:mo>+</mml:mo> </mml:msubsup> </mml:mrow> </mml:math> population. A positive branch unstable resonator was used, which, because of a 50% reflective output coupler, produced a filled-in mode. The laser was operated for up to 40 h during which time the output power faded 40%. Crystal preparation, cavity and pump scheme, fading mechanisms, and laser results are explained. In addition, cryogenic and room-temperature operation are compared.
Circulating tumor cells in non-small cell lung carcinoma. (2012)

Circulating tumor cells (CTCs) are associated with survival of cancer patients. Several methods have been developed to detect circulating tumor cells. The number of CTCs in NSCLC is lower than in other solid tumors. To date, trials are ongoing for a better understanding of CTCs. Besides association with prognosis, CTCs can be used to assess the efficacy of treatment and they are important substrates for molecular profiling of the tumor..
Time-reversal optical tomography: detecting and locating extended targets in a turbid medium (2012)

Time Reversal Optical Tomography (TROT) is developed to locate extended target(s) in a highly scattering turbid medium, and estimate their optical strength and size. The approach uses Diffusion Approximation of Radiative Transfer Equation for light propagation along with Time Reversal (TR) Multiple Signal Classification (MUSIC) scheme for signal and noise subspaces for assessment of target location. A MUSIC pseudo spectrum is calculated using the eigenvectors of the TR matrix <i>T</i>, whose poles provide target locations. Based on the pseudo spectrum contours, retrieval of target size is modeled as an optimization problem, using a "local contour" method. The eigenvalues of <i>T</i> are related to optical strengths of targets. The efficacy of TROT to obtain location, size, and optical strength of one absorptive target, one scattering target, and two absorptive targets, all for different noise levels was tested using simulated data. Target locations were always accurately determined. Error in optical strength estimates was small even at 20% noise level. Target size and shape were more sensitive to noise. Results from simulated data demonstrate high potential for application of TROT in practical biomedical imaging applications.
Control of excitatory CNS synaptogenesis by astrocyte-secreted proteins Hevin and SPARC (2011)

Astrocytes regulate synaptic connectivity in the CNS through secreted signals. Here we identified two astrocyte-secreted proteins, hevin and SPARC, as regulators of excitatory synaptogenesis in vitro and in vivo. Hevin induces the formation of synapses between cultured rat retinal ganglion cells. SPARC is not synaptogenic, but specifically antagonizes synaptogenic function of hevin. Hevin and SPARC are expressed by astrocytes in the superior colliculus, the synaptic target of retinal ganglion cells, concurrent with the excitatory synaptogenesis. Hevin-null mice had fewer excitatory synapses; conversely, SPARC-null mice had increased synaptic connections in the superior colliculus. Furthermore, we found that hevin is required for the structural maturation of the retinocollicular synapses. These results identify hevin as a positive and SPARC as a negative regulator of synapse formation and signify that, through regulation of relative levels of hevin and SPARC, astrocytes might control the formation, maturation, and plasticity of synapses in vivo.
Design of Anti-Jamming Coding for Cognitive Radio (2007)

We consider the design of efficient anti-jamming coding techniques for secondary usage of spectrum in cognitive radio. Specifically, we consider two coding schemes, rateless coding and piecewise coding. Both coding schemes have small overhead, as well as low-complexity encoding and decoding. The proposed piecewise coding also enjoys the advantages of parallel decoding and fast response to packet loss. For piecewise coding, we propose two design methods to build short block codes with small number of parity checks by incorporating the jamming rate. We analyze the throughput performance of the secondary users systems employing either anti-jamming coding technique. The performance results demonstrate that both coding techniques provide reliable transmission with high throughput and small redundancy. The piecewise coding using the designed short codes provides better performance with smaller overhead if the jamming rate is not high.