gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Nonlinear semantic space based on lexical graph (2016)

Distributional semantics approaches such as LSA/LSI, HAL, or Eigenwords provide low-dimensional vector space representations of words, so that similarity between words can be measured. However, they come from the statistics of words derived from natural texts where both lexical and contextual similarities are mixed together-synonyms, antonyms, or context-related word pairs are all close to each other. We present a semantic representation based purely on the lexical relations of synonymy and antonymy. Laplacian Embedding transforms a synonymy/antonymy graph into a space where lexically similar words form distinct semantic branches with antonyms placed at opposite sides from the vector space origin. This approach also discovers highly related words that are either novel or missing from the thesaurus. The structures become more distinct after applying Independent Component Analysis (ICA); each dimension clearly represents distinct semantic content, with a word sense as its emergent property. Finally, a comparison of several semantic vector space representations is provided against human evaluated word similarity scores.
Influence of an Experimental Sodium Fluoride Dentifrice on Dental Caries Incidence in Children (1975)

Schoolchildren residing in a fluoride-deficient area were provided either a sodium fluoride (0.1% F) or a nonfluoride dentifrice for home use. About half the children provided each type of dentifrice were also given an initial prophylaxis. Combining the data with regard to the type of dentifrice indicated that the sodium fluoride dentifrice resulted in dental caries reductions of 24 and 26% as noted by the two examiners, respectively.
Application of Polymeric Surfactants in Chiral Micellar Electrokinetic Chromatography (CMEKC) and CMEKC Coupled to Mass Spectrometry (2012)

The use of amino acid-based polymeric surfactants (a.k.a. molecular micelles) in chiral micellar electrokinetic chromatography (CMEKC) has been shown to be a successful separation mode for capillary electrophoresis (CE). In this mode, chiral compounds can be enantioseparated with high efficiency, high chiral selectivity, and versatility. This chapter describes the state-of-the art studies published in the past 5 years in CMEKC using polymeric surfactants. Recent trends in the compatibility of chiral polymeric surfactants with mass spectrometric (MS) detection suggest that this type of chiral selector may be the most promising ones for chiral CE-MS applications. The synthesis of new anionic and cationic MS-compatible polymeric surfactants and their utility in CMEKC and CMEKC-MS are demonstrated. Examples of how to run a typical CMEKC-MS experiment using univariate and multivariate optimization of CMEKC and MS parameters are discussed.
GNSS Spoofing Detection using Two-Antenna Differential Carrier Phase (2018)

A method is developed to detect GNSS spoofing by\nprocessing beat carrier-phase measurements from a pair\nof antennas in a CDGPS-type calculation. This systemdetects spoofing attacks that are resistant to standard\nRAIM technique, and it can sense an attack in a fraction\nof a second without external aiding. The signal-in-space\nproperties used to detect spoofing are the relationships of\nthe signal arrival directions to the vector that points from\none antenna to the other. In the un-spoofed case, there\nare a multiplicity of relationships between the interantenna\nvector and the arrival directions of the multiple\nsignals, which results in a quantifiable multiplicity of\ncarrier-phase single-differences between the antennas. In\nthe spoofed case, there is a single direction of arrival,\nassuming a single spoofer transmission antenna, and the\ncarrier phase single-differences are identical for all\nchannels, up to an integer cycle ambiguity. A real-time\nimplementation of this detection method has been\ndeveloped, and it has been tested against live-signal\nspoofing attacks aboard a superyacht that was cruising\naround Italy en route from Monaco to Venice. The\nprototype system demonstrated an ability to detect\nspoofing attacks in a fraction of a second, though lags in\nthe system’s signal processing lengthened the detection\ndelay to as much as 6 seconds. The system experienced\nchallenges during the initial phase of a spoofing attack if\nthe spoofer power was not much greater than that of the\ntrue signal. The true and spoofed signals interfere in a\nbeating pattern in this case, making the composite signal\nharder to track and harder to classify as being either\nspoofed or non-spoofed. After the spoofer drags the\nvictim receiver off to an erroneous position or timing fix,\nthe beating subsides, and the new spoofing detection\nsystem performs well.
Hybrid optofluidic integration (2013)

Complete integration of microfluidic and optical functions in a single lab-on-chip device is one goal of optofluidics. Here, we demonstrate the hybrid integration of a PDMS-based fluid handling layer with a silicon-based optical detection layer in a single optofluidic system. The optical layer consists of a liquid-core antiresonant reflecting optical waveguide (ARROW) chip that is capable of single particle detection and interfacing with optical fiber. Integrated devices are reconfigurable and able to sustain high pressures despite the small dimensions of the liquid-core waveguide channels. We show the combination of salient sample preparation capabilities-particle mixing, distribution, and filtering-with single particle fluorescence detection. Specifically, we demonstrate fluorescent labelling of λ-DNA, followed by flow-based single-molecule detection on a single device. This points the way towards amplification-free detection of nucleic acids with low-complexity biological sample preparation on a chip.
Method for Identifying Small Molecule Inhibitors of the Protein-protein Interaction Between HCN1 and TRIP8b (2016)

Hyperpolarization-activated cyclic nucleotide-gated (HCN) channels are expressed ubiquitously throughout the brain, where they function to regulate the excitability of neurons. The subcellular distribution of these channels in pyramidal neurons of hippocampal area CA1 is regulated by tetratricopeptide repeat-containing Rab8b interacting protein (TRIP8b), an auxiliary subunit. Genetic knockout of HCN pore forming subunits or TRIP8b, both lead to an increase in antidepressant-like behavior, suggesting that limiting the function of HCN channels may be useful as a treatment for Major Depressive Disorder (MDD). Despite significant therapeutic interest, HCN channels are also expressed in the heart, where they regulate rhythmicity. To circumvent off-target issues associated with blocking cardiac HCN channels, our lab has recently proposed targeting the protein-protein interaction between HCN and TRIP8b in order to specifically disrupt HCN channel function in the brain. TRIP8b binds to HCN pore forming subunits at two distinct interaction sites, although here the focus is on the interaction between the tetratricopeptide repeat (TPR) domains of TRIP8b and the C terminal tail of HCN1. In this protocol, an expanded description of a method for purifying TRIP8b and executing a high throughput screen to identify small molecule inhibitors of the interaction between HCN and TRIP8b, is described. The method for high throughput screening utilizes a Fluorescence Polarization (FP) -based assay to monitor the binding of a large TRIP8b fragment to a fluorophore-tagged eleven amino acid peptide corresponding to the HCN1 C terminal tail. This method allows 'hit' compounds to be identified based on the change in the polarization of emitted light. Validation assays are then performed to ensure that 'hit' compounds are not artifactual.
Prostaglandins and congeners. 22. Synthesis of 11-substituted derivatives of 11-deoxyprostaglandins E1 and E2. Potential bronchodilators (1980)

The interesting bronchodilator activity of l-11-deoxy-11 alpha-[(2-hydroxyethyl)thio]prostaglandin E2 methyl ester (3a) is described. The preparation of 3a and its analogues by Michael-type additions to various members of the PGA series or by total synthesis using the lithiocuprate conjugate addition process is also described. Structure-activity relationships in this series are discussed.
MIMO Broadcast Scheduling with Limited Feedback (2007)

We consider multiuser scheduling with limited feedback of partial channel state information in MIMO broadcast channels. By using spatial multiplexing at the base station (BS) and antenna selection for each user, we propose a multiuser scheduling method that allocates independent information streams from all <i xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">M</i> transmit antennas to the <i xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">M</i> most favorable users with the highest signal-to-interference-plus-noise ratio (SINR). A close approximation of the achievable sum-rate throughput for the proposed method is obtained and shown to match the simulation results very well. Moreover, two reduced feedback scheduling approaches are proposed. In the first approach, which we shall refer to as selected feedback scheduling, the users are selected based on their SINR compared to a predesigned threshold. Only those selected users are allowed to feed back limited information to the BS. The resultant feedback load and achievable throughput are derived. It will then be demonstrated that with a proper choice of the threshold, the feedback load can be greatly reduced with a negligible performance loss. The second reduced feedback scheduling approach employs quantization for each user, in which only few bits of quantized SINR are fed back to the BS. Performance analysis will show that even with only 1-bit quantization, the proposed quantized feedback scheduling approach can exploit the multiuser diversity at the expense of slight decrease of throughput.
Automatic identification of relevant chemical compounds from patents (2019)

In commercial research and development projects, public disclosure of new chemical compounds often takes place in patents. Only a small proportion of these compounds are published in journals, usually a few years after the patent. Patent authorities make available the patents but do not provide systematic continuous chemical annotations. Content databases such as Elsevier's Reaxys provide such services mostly based on manual excerptions, which are time-consuming and costly. Automatic text-mining approaches help overcome some of the limitations of the manual process. Different text-mining approaches exist to extract chemical entities from patents. The majority of them have been developed using sub-sections of patent documents and focus on mentions of compounds. Less attention has been given to relevancy of a compound in a patent. Relevancy of a compound to a patent is based on the patent's context. A relevant compound plays a major role within a patent. Identification of relevant compounds reduces the size of the extracted data and improves the usefulness of patent resources (e.g. supports identifying the main compounds). Annotators of databases like Reaxys only annotate relevant compounds. In this study, we design an automated system that extracts chemical entities from patents and classifies their relevance. The gold-standard set contained 18 789 chemical entity annotations. Of these, 10% were relevant compounds, 88% were irrelevant and 2% were equivocal. Our compound recognition system was based on proprietary tools. The performance (F-score) of the system on compound recognition was 84% on the development set and 86% on the test set. The relevancy classification system had an F-score of 86% on the development set and 82% on the test set. Our system can extract chemical compounds from patents and classify their relevance with high performance. This enables the extension of the Reaxys database by means of automation.
Halftone blending between smooth and detail screens to improve print quality with electrophotographic printers (2011)

In this paper, we consider a dual-mode halftoning process for the electrophotographic laser printer - a low frequency halftoning for smooth regions and a high frequency halftoning for detail regions. These regions are described by an object map that is extracted from the page description language (PDL) version of the document. This manner of switching screens depending on the local content provides a stable halftone without artifacts in smooth areas and preserves detail rendering in detail or texture areas. However, when switching between halftones with two different frequencies, jaggies may occur along the boundaries between areas halftoned with low and high frequency screens. To reduce the jaggies, our screens obey a harmonic relationship. In addition, we implement a blending process based on a transition region. We propose a nonlinear blending process in which at each pixel, we choose the maximum of the two weighted halftones where the weights vary according to the position in the transition region. Moreover, we describe an on-line tone-mapping for the boundary blending process, based on an off-line calibration procedure that effectively assures the desired tone values within the transition region.
Microdischarge Arrays: A New Family (2002)

The optical and electrical characteristics of mi- crodischarge devices and arrays fabricated in semiconductors and metal/polymer structures are described. Devices as small as (10 m) in emitting area (nanoliters in volume) and arrays as large as 30 30 have been demonstrated and operated at gas pressures up to and exceeding one atmosphere. This new generation of microoptical sources is capable of producing photons from the infrared to the vacuum ultraviolet and beyond and is well suited for integration with microoptoelectronic, fluidic, and mechanical systems.
Preprocessing Methods for Improved Lossless Compression of Color Look-up Tables (2008)

Color look-up tables (CLUTs) that provide transformations between various color spaces are commonly embedded in printer firmware where they are stored in relatively expensive flash memory. As the number of look-up tables in color devices increases in size, the space requirements of storing these CLUTs also increase. In order to conserve memory and thereby reduce cost, it is desirable to compress CLUTs prior to storage and restore tables as required. We consider methods for improving the performance of existing lossless compression methods for this application through computationally simple preprocessing. The preprocessing combines predictive coding and data reordering to better exploit the redundancy in CLUT data. Two predictive coding methods are considered: (a) hierarchical differential encoding methods, which generalizes differential coding to multiple dimensions, and (b) cellular interpolative predictive coding, which refines a CLUT in a coarse to fine order using interpolative prediction. Space filling curves that preserve continuity in the multidimensional CLUT structure are utilized for reordering the residuals obtained from hierarchical differential encoding. For the cellular interpolative prediction, we reorder the data in the coarse to fine order utilized for prediction. Results indicate that the proposed preprocessing methods offer significant performance improvements in comparison with direct compression. The best performance is obtained using the cellular interpolative predictive coding and corresponding reordering with the LZMA algorithm. This method provides a compression ratio of 3.19 over our representative CLUT data set, and an improvement of 31.33% over direct LZMA compression, the latter being the best performing direct method.
Single-Layered Circularly Polarized Substrate-Integrated Waveguide Horn Antenna Array (2017)

In this communication, a circularly polarized (CP) substrate-integrated waveguide horn antenna is proposed and studied. The CP horn antenna is implemented on a single-layer substrate with a thickness of 0.12λ <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">0</sub> at the center frequency (1.524 mm) for 24 GHz system applications. It comprises of an integrated phase controlling and power dividing structure, two waveguide antennas, and an antipodal linearly tapered slot antenna. With such a phase controlling and power dividing structure fully integrated inside the horn antenna, two orthogonal electric fields of the equal amplitude with 90° phase difference are achieved at the aperture plane of the horn antenna, thus, yielding an even effective circular polarization in a compact single-layered geometry. The measured results of the prototyped horn antenna exhibit a 5% bandwidth (23.7-24.9 GHz) with an axial ratio below 3 dB and a VSWR below 2. The gain of the antenna is around 8.5 dBi.
Multi-Element Transmitter Design and Performance Evaluation for Visible Light Communication (2015)

Visible light communication (VLC) systems have significant potential for enabling broadband data rates by relying on existing lighting infrastructure. In this paper, we investigate the performance of multi-element VLC transmitter architecture for different transmitter configurations. In particular, we consider multi- element transmitters with three, seven, and nineteen light emitting diodes (LEDs). For a fixed number of LEDs installed in a room, we evaluate the signal-to-interference-plus-noise ratio (SINR) distributions across the room considering different transmitter geometries and a multipath VLC environment. Illumination distributions in the room are also generated for different configurations, and performance trade-offs for different transmitter architectures are investigated. Impact of transmit power at the LEDs and field of view at VLC receivers on the SINR performance are explored. Simulation results show that transmitter configuration with three LED gives the best performance for simultaneously achieving good illumination and SINR distribution under different circumstances.
Configuration Steering for a Reconfigurable Superscalar Processor (2005)

An architecture for a reconfigurable superscalar processor is described in which some of its execution units are implemented in reconfigurable hardware. The overall configuration of the processor is defined according to how its reconfigurable execution units are configured. An efficient micro-architectural solution to configuration management is presented that effectively steers the current processor configuration toward a configuration that is well matched with the execution unit requirements of instructions being scheduled for execution. The approach first selects the best matched among four steering configurations based on the number and type of execution units required by the instructions. One of the steering configurations is dynamically defined as the current configuration; the other three are statically predefined. Once a steering configuration is selected, portions of it begin loading on corresponding reconfigurable execution units that are not busy. The active configuration of the processor is generally the overlap of two or more steering configurations.
Voxelated liquid crystal elastomers (2015)

Dynamic control of shape can bring multifunctionality to devices. Soft materials capable of programmable shape change require localized control of the magnitude and directionality of a mechanical response. We report the preparation of soft, ordered materials referred to as liquid crystal elastomers. The direction of molecular order, known as the director, is written within local volume elements (voxels) as small as 0.0005 cubic millimeters. Locally, the director controls the inherent mechanical response (55% strain) within the material. In monoliths with spatially patterned director, thermal or chemical stimuli transform flat sheets into three-dimensional objects through controlled bending and stretching. The programmable mechanical response of these materials could yield monolithic multifunctional devices or serve as reconfigurable substrates for flexible devices in aerospace, medicine, or consumer goods.
Antitumor activity and pharmacologic characterization of the depsipeptide analog as a novel histone deacetylase/ phosphatidylinositol 3‐kinase dual inhibitor (2017)

Histone deacetylase (HDAC)/phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K) dual inhibition is a promising strategy for the treatment of intractable cancers because of the advantages of overcoming potential resistance and showing synergistic effects. Therefore, development of an HDAC/PI3K dual inhibitor is reasonably attractive. Romidepsin (FK228, depsipeptide) is a potent HDAC inhibitor. We previously reported that depsipeptide and its analogs have an additional activity as PI3K inhibitors and are defined as HDAC/PI3K dual inhibitors. Subsequently, we identified FK-A11 as the most potent analog and reported its biochemical, biological, and structural properties as an HDAC/PI3K dual inhibitor. In this study, we reveal the in vitro and in vivo efficacy of FK-A11 in HT1080 fibrosarcoma and PC3 prostate cancer cell xenograft mouse models. FK-A11 showed in vivo antitumor activity by both i.v. and i.p. administration in a dose-dependent manner. In both xenograft models, FK-A11 showed superior antitumor effects compared to other depsipeptide analogs in accordance with in vitro anti-cell proliferation effects and the potency of HDAC/PI3K dual inhibition. In addition, we showed evidence of HDAC/PI3K dual inhibition accompanying antitumor efficacy in xenograft tumor tissues by immunohistochemistry. We also detailed pharmacokinetic characterization of FK-A11 in mice. These findings will be essential for guiding further preclinical and clinical studies.
Acquiring Multi-Scale Images by Pan-Tilt-Zoom Control and Automatic Multi-Camera Calibration (2005)

This paper describes a system for automatically acquiring high-resolution images by steering a pan-tilt-zoom camera at targets detected in a fixed camera view. The system uses a novel method to automatically calibrate between multiple cameras, estimating the homography between the cameras in a home position, together with the effects of pan and tilt controls and the expected height of a person in the image. These calibrations are chained together to steer a slave camera. In addition we describe a simple manual calibration scheme