gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
TAU 2014 contest on removing common path pessimism during timing analysis: Special session paper: Common path pessimism removal (CPPR) (2014)

To protect against modeling limitations in considering design and electrical complexities, as well as variability, early and late signal propagation times in static timing analysis are often made pessimistic by addition of extra guard bands. However, these forced early-late splits introduce excessive and undesired pessimism. To this end, common path pessimism removal (CPPR) eliminates guaranteed redundant pessimism during timing analysis. This session aims to highlight the importance of CPPR during timing analysis, as well as explore novel methods for fast CPPR from the top performers of the TAU 2014 timing contest.
Differentiation of Mouse Embryonic Stem Cells into Ventral Foregut Precursors (2016)

Anterior definitive endoderm (ADE), the ventral foregut precursor, is both an important embryonic signaling center and a unique multipotent precursor of liver, pancreas, and other organs. Here, a method is described for the differentiation of mouse embryonic stem cells (mESCs) to definitive endoderm with pronounced anterior character. ADE-containing cultures can be produced in vitro by suspension (embryoid body) culture or in a serum-free adherent monolayer culture. ESC-derived ADE cells are committed to endodermal fates and can undergo further differentiation in vitro towards ventral foregut derivatives.
Arbitrary Dual-Band Components Using Composite Right/Left-Handed Transmission Lines (2004)

Arbitrary dual-band microstrip components using composite right/left-handed (CRLH) transmission lines (TLs) are presented. Theory, synthesis procedure, and implementation of the dual-band quarter-wave (/spl lambda//4) CRLH TL are presented. Arbitrary dual-band operation is achieved by the frequency offset and the phase slope of the CRLH TL. The frequency ratio of the two operating frequencies can be a noninteger. The dual-band /spl lambda//4 open/short-circuit stub, dual-band branch-line coupler (BLC), and dual-band rat-race coupler (RRC) are also demonstrated. The performances of these dual-band components are demonstrated by both simulated and measured results. Insertion loss is larger than 23 dB for the shunt /spl lambda//4 CRLH TL open-circuit stub and less than 0.25 dB for the shunt /spl lambda//4 CRLH TL short-circuit stub at each passband. The dual-band BLC exhibits S/sub 21/ and S/sub 31/ larger than -4.034 dB, return losses larger than 17 dB, isolations larger than 13 dB, phase differences 90/spl deg//spl plusmn/1.5/spl deg/, and gain imbalance less than 0.5 dB at each passband. The dual-band RRC exhibits S/sub 21/ and S/sub 31/ larger than -4.126 dB, return losses larger than 12 dB, isolations larger than 30 dB, phase difference 180/spl deg//spl plusmn/4/spl deg/, and gain imbalance less than 0.2 dB at each passband.
Acoustic Radiation Force-based model-free viscoelastic characterization: Comparison study (2016)

Viscoelasticity can be quantified in a model-independent manner with ultrasound-based methods such as Acoustic Radiation Force Induced Creep-Recovery (ARFICR) and Attenuation Measuring Ultrasound Shearwave Elastography (AMUSE). The extent of viscoelastic characterization with ARFICR and AMUSE have not been evaluated. In this study, finite element method (FEM) simulations and tissue mimicking phantoms are used to validate and characterize the extent of viscoelastic quantification with ARFICR and AMUSE methods. The results suggest that ARFICR and AMUSE can measure material viscoelastic properties reliably in materials with dynamic viscosity of 0.5 Pa·s and greater. Moreover, the results showed a frequency-dependent storage modulus and dynamic viscosity in tissue mimicking phantoms.
Brief Announcement (2018)

This brief announcement presents a fundamental concurrent primitive for persistent memory - a persistent atomic multi-word compare-and-swap (PMCAS).We present a novel algorithm carefully crafted to ensure that atomic updates to a multitude of words modified by the PMCAS are persisted correctly. Our algorithm leverages hardware transactional memory (HTM) for concurrency control, and has a total of 3 persist barriers in its critical path. We also overview variants based on just the compare-and-swap (CAS) instruction and a hybrid of CAS and HTM.
Development of a novel thermostable Newcastle disease virus vaccine vector for expression of a heterologous gene (2015)

Thermostable Newcastle disease virus (NDV) vaccines have been used widely to control Newcastle disease for village poultry flocks, due to their independence of cold chains for delivery and storage. To explore the potential use of thermostable NDV as a vaccine vector, an infectious clone of thermostable avirulent NDV strain TS09-C was developed using reverse genetics technology. The GFP gene, along with the self-cleaving 2A gene of foot-and-mouth disease virus and ubiquitin monomer (2AUbi), were inserted immediately upstream of the NP (nucleocapsid protein), M (matrix protein) or L (large polymerase protein) gene translation start codon in the TS09-C infectious clone. Detection of GFP expression in the recombinant virus-infected cells showed that the recombinant virus, rTS-GFP/M, with the GFP gene inserted into the M gene expressed the highest level of GFP. The rTS-GFP/M virus retained the same thermostability, growth dynamics and pathogenicity as its parental rTS09-C virus. Vaccination of specific-pathogen-free chickens with the rTS-GFP/M virus conferred complete protection against virulent NDV challenge. Taken together, the data suggested that the rTS09-C virus could be used as a vaccine vector to develop bivalent thermostable vaccines against Newcastle disease and the target avian diseases for village chickens, especially in the developing and least-developed countries.
Synthesis of large-area multilayer hexagonal boron nitride for high material performance (2015)

Although hexagonal boron nitride (h-BN) is a good candidate for gate-insulating materials by minimizing interaction from substrate, further applications to electronic devices with available two-dimensional semiconductors continue to be limited by flake size. While monolayer h-BN has been synthesized on Pt and Cu foil using chemical vapour deposition (CVD), multilayer h-BN is still absent. Here we use Fe foil and synthesize large-area multilayer h-BN film by CVD with a borazine precursor. These films reveal strong cathodoluminescence and high mechanical strength (Young's modulus: 1.16 ± 0.1 TPa), reminiscent of formation of high-quality h-BN. The CVD-grown graphene on multilayer h-BN film yields a high carrier mobility of ∼ 24,000 cm(2) V(-1) s(-1) at room temperature, higher than that (∼ 13,000 (2) V(-1) s(-1)) with exfoliated h-BN. By placing additional h-BN on a SiO2/Si substrate for a MoS2 (WSe2) field-effect transistor, the doping effect from gate oxide is minimized and furthermore the mobility is improved by four (150) times.
Adaptive Correction to Array Coefficients Through Dithering and Near-Field Sensing (2010)

Adaptive correction of the excitation coefficients of a phased array achieved through dithering the magnitudes and phases of the element coefficients and sensing the fields through a near-zone probe is demonstrated by considering a linear array. Knowledge of the reference signal generated by the desired array at the near-zone probe is assumed. Deviations in the coefficients of the actual array from the desired array are corrected adaptively and simultaneously by means of a gradient based algorithm. Requirements for the algorithm to converge, its performance with and without a receiver noise and the effect of the dither parameters are studied. The effect of element mutual coupling on the performance of the array is also demonstrated by considering an array of half-wave dipoles.
<title>Structured Scalable Meta-formats (SSM) for Digital Item Adaptation</title> (2003)

This paper motivates and develops an end-to-end methodology for representation and adaptation of arbitrary scalable content in a fully content non-specific manner. Scalable bit-streams are naturally organized in a symmetric multi-dimensional logical structure, and any adaptation is essentially a downward manipulation of this structure. Higher logical constructs are defined on top of this multi-tier structure to make the model more generally applicable to a variety of bit-streams involving rich media. The resultant composite model is referred to as the Structured Scalable Meta-format (SSM). Apart from the implicit bit-stream constraints that must be satisfied to make a scalable bit-stream SSM-compliant, two other elements that need to be formalized to build a complete adaptation and delivery infrastructure based on SSM are: a binary or XML description of the structure of the bit-stream resource and how it is to be manipulated to obtain various adapted versions; and a binary of XML specification of outbound constraints derived from capabilities and preferences of receiving terminals. By interpreting the descriptor and the constraint specifications, a universal adaptation engine can adapt the content appropriately to suit the specified needs and preferences of recipients, without knowledge of the specifics of the content, its encoding and/or encryption. With universal adaptation engines, different adaptation infrastructures are no longer needed for different types of scalable media.
Enantioselective Addition of Dialkylzincs to Aldehydes Catalyzed by (−)‐MITH (2012)

An effective catalytic system that imparts high enantioselectivity has been disclosed for the synthesis of optically active alcohols, which may undergo further chemical transformations. The enantioselective alkylation of aldehydes with dialkylzincs to afford the corresponding optically active alcohols with excellent enantioselectvities has been achieved in the presence of 0.1-0.5 mol % of the camphor-derived chiral ligand (-)-2-exo-morpholinoisobornane-10-thiol (MITH) (1) at room temperature or at 0 °C.
Improving the Performance of Pump-Controlled Circuits for Single-Rod Actuators (2019)

Pump-controlled hydraulic circuits offer an energy-efficient solution for many applications. They combine the high power to weight ratio of hydraulic technology with the ease of control of electric technology. Pump-controlled circuits for double-rod cylinders are well developed as compared to those of single-rod cylinders. In spite of many initiatives, certain common pump-controlled single-rod cylinder solutions present stability issues during specific modes of operation. Common examples of the solutions are circuits that utilize pilot-operated check valves and circuits that use shuttle valves. In these circuits, velocity oscillations have been reported during actuator retraction at low assistive loads. In this paper, we study the area on the load-velocity graph of the available circuits where oscillatory behavior is experienced. We then propose a solution that shifts this critical zone towards lower loading values. This in turn reduces system response oscillations. Shifting the critical zone is accomplished by utilizing two charge pressures and asymmetric flow compensating valves. The concept is evaluated via simulations and experiments. Our results clearly show the enhanced performance of the circuits incorporating the proposed solution.
FCC to BCC transformation-induced plasticity based on thermodynamic phase stability in novel V10Cr10Fe45CoxNi35−x medium-entropy alloys (2019)

We introduce a novel transformation-induced plasticity mechanism, i.e., a martensitic transformation from fcc phase to bcc phase, in medium-entropy alloys (MEAs). A VCrFeCoNi MEA system is designed by thermodynamic calculations in consideration of phase stability between bcc and fcc phases. The resultantly formed bcc martensite favorably contributes to the transformation-induced plasticity, thereby leading to a significant enhancement in both strength and ductility as well as strain hardening. We reveal the microstructural evolutions according to the Co-Ni balance and their contributions to a mechanical response. The Co-Ni balance plays a leading role in phase stability and consequently tunes the cryogenic-temperature strength-ductility balance. The main difference from recently-reported metastable high-entropy dual-phase alloys is the formation of bcc martensite as a daughter phase, which shows significant effects on strain hardening. The hcp phase in the present MEA mostly acts as a nucleation site for the bcc martensite. Our findings demonstrate that the fcc to bcc transformation can be an attractive route to a new MEA design strategy for improving cryogenic strength-ductility.
Isotopic generator for bismuth-212 and lead-212 based on radium (1985)

Mutation oriented-LAMP assay for EGFR gene mutation is sensitive on extracted DNA. This procedure would be capable of detecting EGFR gene mutation in sputum, pleural effusion, broncho-alveolar lavage fluid or trans-bronchial lung biopsy by chair side.
Compressed bit fail maps for memory fail pattern classification (2002)

This paper presents a new approach to configure compressed bit fail maps to allow fail pattern recognition. Construction of the special compression scheme is shown. This takes typical memory array fail patterns into account. Examples for different failure types are given. This scheme allows minimizing the necessary cache memory size for fail classification. A 64 Mbit fail map can be compressed to 2 k allowing classification of 13 fail types. Since cache RAM requirements are small, this scheme can be implemented in a manufacturing environment for all processed hardware. Compressed bit fail maps can be used to generate wafer and lot maps for diagnosis.
Synthesis of Low Density Poly(ethylene) Using Nickel Iminophosphonamide Complexes (2007)

Ethylene polymerization using a catalyst derived from the reaction of the phosphorane (Me3Si)2NP(NSiMe3)2 (1) with either Ni(COD)2 or bis(π-allyl)Ni complexes affords branched poly(ethylene) (PE) of variable MW (103−106) depending on conditions. The branched PE of high MW is semicrystalline with Tm < 100 °C. High field 13C NMR spectra reveal the presence of methyl branches (ca. 10−15 per 1000 C atoms), branches longer than six C atoms (15−20 per 1000 C atoms) and trace levels of ethyl, propyl, n-butyl, and sec-butyl branches (total <2 per 1000 C atoms). The branching distribution changes modestly in response to changes in ethylene pressure in a manner consistent with a chain-walking mechanism. Analysis of high MW polymers by GPC-light scattering reveals the presence of sparse long-chain branching (gM = 0.78−0.93 with <1 long-chain branch per molecule); the branched PE formed is thus similar to low-density PE. Addition of α-olefin during polymerization leads to enhanced activity but is accompanied by chain transfer. The only evidence of α-olefin incorporation is at the chain-ends in the case of 4-methylpentene, and there is little change to the branching distribution in the presence of α-olefin. A sterically hindered nickel iminophosphonamide (PN2) complex (Me3Si)2NP(Me)(NSiMe3)2NiPh(PPh3) (2) was prepared and characterized by X-ray crystallography. This complex oligomerizes ethylene to branched material with a microstructure very similar to that observed using the catalysts derived from phosphorane 1 and Ni(COD)2 or (π-allyl)2Ni. DFT modeling of the active catalyst, coupled with stochastic simulation of chain growth, reveals that a chain-walking vs insertion mechanism can account for the short-chain branching distributions observed. Kinetic modeling of the observed branching distribution can account for relative intensity of the short branches (≤C5) as well as those of the longer branches. However, in order to fit the intensity of the Hx+ branches, one of the key parameters in the model, the probability of chain-walking for higher secondary Ni−R groups, converges to a value ∼ 1. This finding is not anticipated by the DFT results and suggests that the longer branches present in these materials do not form by a chain-walking vs insertion mechanism.
Crystallizing proteins on the basis of their precipitation diagram determined using a microfluidic formulator (2005)

Crystallization of proteins from a purified protein solution remains a bottleneck in the structure determination pipeline. In this paper the crystallization problem is addressed using a microfluidic device capable of determining detailed protein precipitation diagrams using less than 10 microL of protein sample. Based on the experimentally determined protein phase behavior, a crystallization screen can be designed to accommodate the physical chemistry of the particular protein target. Such a tailor-made crystallization screen has a high probability of yielding crystallization hits. The approach is applied to two different proteins: the calcium pump (SERCA), an eukaryotic integral membrane protein, and UMP kinase, a prokaryotic soluble kinase. Protein phase behavior is mapped for both proteins and tailor-made crystallization screens are designed for the two proteins resulting in about 50% crystallization probability per experiment. This illustrates the power of using microfluidic devices for detailed characterization of protein phase behavior prior to crystallization trials.
A Characteristic Approximation Approach to Defect Opening Profile Recognition in Magnetic Flux Leakage Detection (2021)

Defect opening profile recognition is a common problem in magnetic flux leakage (MFL) detection, while the traditional defect edge detection methods are not accurate enough. Starting from the basic principle of the electromagnetic field, this article discusses the model of the corresponding relationship between defect MFL signal and defect opening profile and analyzes the errors of traditional defect edge detection methods. Furthermore, the approximation characteristic of the MFL signal is proposed, and a characteristic approximation approach (CAA) is developed to detect the defect edge. The rectangular opening profile, circular opening profile, and arbitrary opening profile in FEM simulation and the experiments all proved the opening profile recognition capability of the proposed CAA. Compared with traditional defect edge detection methods, CAA reduces the error of profile recognition from 6.00% to 2.00%, which can facilitate the defect sizing in MFL detection. CAA also has high accuracy in the recognition of the tangential profile, which improves the capability of traditional MFL to detect tangential recognition.
MgB/sub 2/ reactive sintering from the elements (2003)

High density MgB/sub 2/ compacts have been obtained without the need of high pressure apparatus. The key features of the sintering technique are based on the Mg liquid infiltration on powdered B preforms. Critical parameters, other than the thermal cycles, are the B powder granularity, the density of the preform and the type of the container. Centimeter-sized samples of different shapes have been obtained and the best transport critical current density, measured so far, is about 3 kA/cm/sup 2/ at T = 4.2 K and B = 9 Tesla for a sample having an overall density of 2.40 g/cm/sup 3/. Possible applications of the MgB/sub 2/ compacts are foreseeable in bulk superconducting magnets, magnetic screens and superconducting bars of variable resistance.
Efficient distributed security for wireless medical sensor networks (2008)

Wireless medical sensor networks (MSNs) enable ubiquitous health monitoring of users during their everyday life, at home or at hospital, without restricting their freedom. MSNs improve therefore users’ wellbeing and help to quickly react during emergency situations. Security is a key requirement to guarantee safety and privacy of MSN users. However, the resource-constrained nature of the sensor nodes and the operational requirements of these networks hinder the use of traditional security methods.
Structure of the mouse gene encoding parathyroid hormone-related peptide (1990)

The parathyroid hormone-related peptide (PTHRP) was initially isolated from tumors associated with the syndrome of humoral hypercalcemia of malignancy. The human PTHRP gene is a complex transcriptional unit which uses multiple promoters and contains alternatively spliced 3' exons that result in mRNAs encoding three different deduced products. We report here the structure of the mouse PTHRP gene. The mouse gene has a considerably simpler organization than its human counterpart. This organization includes a single 3' exon and an apparent single 3' splicing pathway, leading to an mRNA encoding a 139-amino acid mature PTHRP. In addition, the mouse gene appears to be predominantly under the control of a short proximal promoter element. By RNase protection analysis, we identified PTHRP mRNA in specimens prepared from a variety of normal rodent tissues, including a number of tissues not previously recognized as sites of PTHRP gene expression.
Passive-mode locking of a Ti:Al sub 2 O sub 3 laser with a nonlinear coupled cavity (1989)

A Titanium Sapphire laser is passively mode-locked with the use of an external cavity containing a nonlinear medium. No active modulation of the laser gain or loss is required for ultrashort pulse generation. The mode-locked output is a continuous train of chirped 2 ps pulses which may be dispersively compensated with a grating pair of obtain 560 fs pulses. For comparison purposes, the Ti:Al{sub 2}O{sub 3} laser is actively mode-locked to obtain 60 ps pulses, and the pulses are shortened using the nonlinear external cavity to obtain chirped 2 ps pulses.
Decreased Incidence of Bacteriuria Associated with Periodic Instillations of Hydrogen Peroxide into the Urethral Catheter Drainage Bag (1980)

We determined the incidence and source of bacterial colonization of the bladder in 31 consecutive patients with acute spinal cord injury who required indwelling urethral catheterization. Patients were randomized to conventional drainage or to conventional drainage with a secondary sterile bag for periodic administration of saline or 3 per cent hydrogen peroxide. The hydrogen peroxide group maintained sterile bladder urine significantly longer than the conventional drainage group (p less than 0.05). Cultures suggested that the reservoir for bladder colonization was the bag in 5 of 12 patients (42 per cent) on conventional drainage. Instillation of hydrogen peroxide prevented bacterial contamination of the drainage bag before bladder bacteriuria (p less than 0.01) and also reduced drainage bag bacteriuria in patients with urinary infections (p less than 0.0005). The data indicate that bacterial contamination of the drainage bag is a frequent source of bladder bacteriuria that can be eliminated effectively by periodic instillation of hydrogen peroxide.
Study on DFB semiconductor laser array integrated with grating reflector based on reconstruction-equivalent-chirp technique (2015)

A 4-channel distributed feedback (DFB) semiconductor laser array with incorporation of a grating reflector utilizing reconstruction-equivalent-chirp technique is theoretically studied and experimentally demonstrated. By integrating with a grating reflector, 40% increase of slope efficiency, about 10mA decrease of threshold current and 7dB increase of side mode suppression ratio (SMSR) are achieved with a deviation of wavelength spacing being less than 0.07nm. The SMSRs of all the lasers are higher than 60dB.