gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Automatically Creating General-Purpose Opinion Summaries from Text (2011)

We present and evaluate the first method known to us that can create rich nonextract-based opinion summaries from general text (e.g. newspaper articles). We first describe two possible representations for opinion summaries and then present our system OASIS, which identifies, and optionally aggregates, fine-grained opinions from the same source on the same topic. We propose new evaluation measures for both types of opinion summary and employ the metrics in an evaluation of OASIS on a standard opinion corpus. Our results are encouraging — OASIS substantially outperforms a competitive baseline when creating document-level aggregate summaries that compute the average polarity value across the multiple opinions identified for each source about each topic. We further show that as state-ofthe-art performance on fine-grained opinion extraction improves, we can expect to see opinion summaries of very high quality — with F-scores of 54-78 % using our OSEM evaluation measure. 1
Evaluation of Difunctional Vinylcyclopropanes as Reactive Diluents for the Development of Low‐Shrinkage Composites (2017)

Polymerization shrinkage of dental composites remains a major concern. Free‐radically polymerizable cyclic monomers can be a conceivable alternative to methacrylates for the development of low‐shrinkage composites. In this study, the one‐step synthesis of the novel low viscosity difunctional vinylcyclopropanes 1 – 4 is described. Photopolymerization kinetics of these monomers are investigated by photo‐differential scanning calorimeter, using bis(4‐methoxybenzoyl)diethylgermane as photoinitiator. Real‐time near‐infrared photorheology measurements are performed to evaluate rheological behavior (i.e., time of gelation, polymerization‐induced shrinkage force) and chemical conversion (i.e., double bond conversion at the gel point, final double bond conversion) of the vinylcyclopropanes in situ. The potential of these monomers as reactive diluents in dental restorative materials is evaluated. Composites based on vinycyclopropanes 1 – 4 show good mechanical properties and exhibit significantly lower volumetric shrinkage and shrinkage stress than corresponding dimethacrylate‐based materials. The results indicate that such monomers are promising candidates for the replacement of commonly used low viscosity dimethacrylates such as triethylene glycol dimethacrylate in dental composites. image
Piston and tilt interferometry for segmented wave front sensing (2017)

Summary form only given. Segmented wave front phase measurement is a key technological topic for next generation of kHz lasers, which will be based on the combination of small-scale laser sources (fibers) before focusing on target, such as in Laser WakeField Acceleration (LWFA) [1].There are several methods to measure the relative piston (or average phase-shift) between beams at kHz bandwidth. However, most of them only measure piston and neglect tip/tilt information. We present here a new technique called PISTIL (PISton and TILt) [2], which measures absolute pistons (using λ disambiguation), as well as tilts of wave fronts segmented into regular hexagonal or Cartesian grids (Fig. 1.a).
Mutations in the <i>SMAD4/DPC4</i> Gene in Juvenile Polyposis (1998)

Familial juvenile polyposis is an autosomal dominant disease characterized by a predisposition to hamartomatous polyps and gastrointestinal cancer. Here it is shown that a subset of juvenile polyposis families carry germ line mutations in the gene SMAD4 (also known as DPC4), located on chromosome 18q21.1, that encodes a critical cytoplasmic mediator in the transforming growth factor-beta signaling pathway. The mutant SMAD4 proteins are predicted to be truncated at the carboxyl-terminus and lack sequences required for normal function. These results confirm an important role for SMAD4 in the development of gastrointestinal tumors.
ChemInform Abstract: A Prosthetic Group for the Rapid Introduction of Fluorine into Peptides and Functionalized Drugs. (1988)

Abstract Reaction of the succinimidyl p‐(bromomethyl)benzoates (III) with several amino compounds (IV) yields the amides (V) which are fluorinated with tetrabutylammonium fluoride to give the fluoromethyl derivatives (VI).
The LPL/ADAM29 expression ratio is a novel prognosis indicator in chronic lymphocytic leukemia (2005)

Although the zeta-associated protein of 70 kDa (ZAP-70) is overexpressed in patients with chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) displaying unmutated IGVH genes and poor prognosis, a previous microarray study from our group identified overexpression of LPL and ADAM29 genes among unmutated and mutated CLL, respectively. To assess the prognostic value of these genes, we quantified their expression by real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (PCR) in a cohort of 127 patients with CLL and correlated this with clinical outcome, IGVH mutational status, and ZAP-70 protein expression. IGVH mutational status, ZAP-70, and the LPL and ADAM29 mRNA ratios (L/A ratio) were predictive of event-free survival for the whole cohort and for patients with stage A disease. In patients in stage B and C, the L/A ratio was an independent prognostic factor, whereas ZAP-70 did not predict survival. Simultaneous usage of the L/A ratio and ZAP-70 expression allowed an almost perfect (99%) assessment of the IGVH status in the 80% of patients with concordant results (L/A+, ZAP-70+ or L/A-, ZAP-70-). LPL and ADAM29 gene expression could also be determined by a simple competitive multiplex reverse transcription PCR assay. Overall, quantification of LPL and ADAM29 gene expression is a strong prognostic indicator in CLL, providing better prognostic assessment than ZAP-70 in advanced stages of the disease.
Chalcogenide glass for mid- and longwave IR fiber lasers (Invited Paper) (2005)

Chalcogenide glass fibers have been developed at NRL. Rare earth doped chalcogenide glass fibers emit strong IR emission and show potential for mid-IR and long-wave IR rare earth doped fiber lasers. In addition, undoped highly nonlinear chalcogenide glass fiber compositions have been developed with high Raman cross-sections and show potential for mid-IR and long-wave IR Raman fiber lasers.
3D weaving forming technology and equipment for composites (2011)

Composites have been used in industry because of the advantage of lightweight and high strength. It has raised attention for its excellent performance which are widely researched in various countries in the world, such as USA and Germany, and applied in fields such as automobiles and aviation. Based on the study of international and domestic forming technology for composites, this paper gives an analysis on the features of the current typical 3D weaving forming technology, indicating the direction of the development of the 3D weaving forming technology for composites in the future.
Reduction of Selenate to Selenide by Sulfate-Respiring Bacteria: Experiments with Cell Suspensions and Estuarine Sediments (1987)

Washed cell suspensions of Desulfovibrio desulfuricans subsp. aestuarii were capable of reducing nanomolar levels of selenate to selenide as well as sulfate to sulfide. Reduction of these species was inhibited by 1 mM selenate or tungstate. The addition of 1 mM sulfate decreased the reduction of selenate and enhanced the reduction of sulfate. Increasing concentrations of sulfate inhibited rates of selenate reduction but enhanced sulfate reduction rates. Cell suspensions kept in 1 mM selenate were incapable of reducing either selenate or sulfate when the selenate/sulfate ratio was >/=0.02, indicating that irreversible inhibition occurs at high selenate concentrations. Anoxic estuarine sediments having an active flora of sulfate-respiring bacteria were capable of a small amount of selenate reduction when ambient sulfate concentrations were low (<4 mM). These results indicate that sulfate is an inhibitor of the reduction of trace quantities of selenate. Therefore, direct reduction of traces of selenate to selenide by sulfate-respiring bacteria in natural environments is constrained by the ambient concentration of sulfate ions. The significance of this observation with regard to the role sediments play in sequestering selenium is discussed.
Low-power high-voltage CMOS level-shifters for liquid crystal display drivers (2000)

An original CMOS level-shifter architecture with high-voltage driving capability and extremely low power consumption is presented. Simulations indicate that an adequate dynamic control of the charge on the gate electrodes of the high-voltage output transistors allows reliable level-shifter operation, even at very low data refresh rates, without the continuous power dissipation found in conventional CMOS level-shifter architectures. Therefore, the CMOS level-shifters presented in this paper are perfectly suited for the monolithic integration of high-voltage display driver circuits in battery-powered applications.
Towards photography through realistic fog (2018)

Imaging through fog has important applications in industries such as self-driving cars, augmented driving, airplanes, helicopters, drones and trains. Here we show that time profiles of light reflected from fog have a distribution (Gamma) that is different from light reflected from objects occluded by fog (Gaussian). This helps to distinguish between background photons reflected from the fog and signal photons reflected from the occluded object. Based on this observation, we recover reflectance and depth of a scene obstructed by dense, dynamic, and heterogeneous fog. For practical use cases, the imaging system is designed in optical reflection mode with minimal footprint and is based on LIDAR hardware. Specifically, we use a single photon avalanche diode (SPAD) camera that time-tags individual detected photons. A probabilistic computational framework is developed to estimate the fog properties from the measurement itself, without prior knowledge. Other solutions are based on radar that suffers from poor resolution (due to the long wavelength), or on time gating that suffers from low signal-to-noise ratio. The suggested technique is experimentally evaluated in a wide range of fog densities created in a fog chamber It demonstrates recovering objects 57cm away from the camera when the visibility is 37cm. In that case it recovers depth with a resolution of 5cm and scene reflectance with an improvement of 4dB in PSNR and 3.4× reconstruction quality in SSIM over time gating techniques.
Cloning and expression of the creatinase gene from Flavobacterium sp. U-188 in Escherichia coli. (1990)

The gene coding for creatinase (creatine amidinohydrolase, EC 3.5.3.3) was isolated from Flavobacterium sp. U-188. The primary structure of creatinase deduced from the nucleotide sequence showed a protein (molecular weight, 42, 651) composed of 378 amino acids. The creatinase gene was over-expressed in Escherichia coli under the control of the lac promoter and the amount of this enzyme was over 20% of the soluble protein in the cell.
Wafer-Level Packaging of Micromechanical Resonators (2007)

An approach to low-cost, wafer-level packaging of microelectromechanical systems (MEMS), e.g., microresonators, is reported. The process does not require wafer-to-wafer bonding and can be applied to a wide range of MEMS devices. A sacrificial polymer-placeholder is first patterned on top of the MEMS component of interest, followed by overcoating with a low dielectric constant polymer overcoat. The sacrificial polymer decomposes at elevated temperature, and the volatile products from the sacrificial material permeate through the overcoat polymer leaving an embedded air-cavity around the MEMS structure. Thus, the device is released from the sacrificial polymeric material, housed in a protective overcoat. The protected MEMS device can then be handled and packaged like an integrated circuit. The electrical characteristics of the microresonators before and after packaging were essentially the same, showing the packaging scheme does not alter the device performance. This approach is applicable to both surface and bulk micromachined devices
A 5.8 nW CMOS Wake-Up Timer for Ultra-Low-Power Wireless Applications (2015)

This work presents an ultra-low-power oscillator designed for wake-up timers in compact wireless sensors. In a conventional relaxation oscillator, a capacitor periodically resets to a fixed voltage using a continuous comparator, thereby generating an output clock. The reset is triggered by a continuous comparator and thus the clock period is dependent on the delay of the continuous comparator which therefore needs to be fast compared to the period, making this approach power hungry. To avoid the power penalty of a fast continuous comparator, a constant charge subtraction scheme is proposed in this paper. As a constant amount of charge is subtracted for each cycle, rather than discharging/charging the capacitor to a fixed voltage, the clock period becomes independent of comparator delay. Therefore, the high power continuous comparator can be replaced with a coarse clocked comparator, facilitating low-power time tracking. For precise wake-up signal generation, an accurate continuous comparator is only enabled for one clock period at the end of the specified wakeup time. A wake-up timer using the proposed scheme is fabricated in a 0.18 μm CMOS process. The timer consumes 5.8 nW at room temperature with temperature stability of 45 ppm/°C (-10 °C to 90 °C) and line sensitivity of 1%/V (1.2 V to 2.2 V) .
Cloning and sequencing of a cDNA encoding human milk β‐casein (1990)

A cDNA of 1065 bp encoding the human milk beta-casein was cloned and sequenced using a synthetic oligodeoxyribonucleotide probe and a human mammary gland library. The nucleotide (nt) sequence contained an open reading frame sufficient to encode the entire amino-acid (aa) sequence of a beta-casein precursor protein consisting of 210 aa and a signal peptide of 15 aa. The nt sequence shows 45-62% homology to those of bovine, ovine, rat, and mouse beta-caseins. The highly phosphorylated site, which is responsible for the calcium-binding capacity of beta-casein, the signal peptide, and a sequence encoding for an inhibitor to the angiotensin-converting enzyme seem highly conserved among the beta-caseins with known sequences.
Uncooled thermal imaging at Texas Instruments (1992)

Texas Instruments has developed a new thermal imaging technology based upon focal plane arrays (FPAs) using the pyroelectric effect in ceramic barium-strontium titanate (BST). These devices operate near the paraelectric-ferroelectric phase transition, which, for the selected composition of BST, is near room temperature. The detector elements operate in the voltage mode with a bias voltage applied to maintain and optimize the pyroelectric effect near the phase transition. The BST array attaches via bump-bonding to a CMOS readout circuit that filters, buffers and multiplexes the output signals. These FPAs have facilitated the development of a system technology capable of satisfying a wide variety of applications, including surveillance devices, weapons sights, missile seekers and driver's aids. Resulting systems are performance-competitive with scanned FLIRs in these applications, and they are smaller in size, lighter in weight, and require less power than scanned FLIRs. Simplicity and compactness of the system designs will result in production costs competitive with image intensification devices.
A fixed-point recursive digital oscillator for additive synthesis of audio (1999)

This paper summarizes our work adapting a recursive digital resonator for use on sixteen-bit fixed-point hardware. Our modified oscillator is a two-pole filter that maintains frequency precision at a cost of two additional operations per filter sample. The new filter's error properties are expressly matched to use in the range of frequencies relevant to additive synthesis of digital audio and sinusoidal modelling of speech in order to minimize the additional computational overhead. We present the algorithm, an error analysis, a performance analysis, and measurements of an implementation on a fixed-point vector microprocessor system.
<title>Optical feature extraction using the Radon transform and angular correlation</title> (1993)

This paper describes two processing algorithms that can be implemented optically: the Radon transform and angular correlation. These two algorithms can be combined in one optical processor to extract all the basic geometric and amplitude features from objects embedded in video imagery. We show that the internal amplitude structure of objects is recovered by the Radon transform, which is a well-known result, but, in addition, we show simulation results that calculate angular correlation, a simple but unique algorithm, which extracts object length, width, area, aspect ratio, orientation and boundary from suitably thresholded images. In addition to being insensitive to scale and rotation, these simulations indicate that the features derived from angular correlation algorithm are relatively insensitive to tracking shifts and image noise. Some optical architecture concepts, including one based on micro-optical lenslet arrays, have been developed to implement these algorithms. We will discussed these architectures, stressing the micro-optical approach. Test and evaluation using simple synthetic object data will be described. We will also describe the results of a study that uses object boundary (derivable from angular correlation) to classify objects using a neural network.
Photoplethysmograph Fingernail Sensors for Measuring Finger Forces Without (2001)

A new type of touch sensor for detecting contact pres- sure at human fingertips is presented. Unlike traditional electronic gloves, in which sensor pads are placed between the fingers and the environment surface, this new sensor allows the fingers to di- rectly contact the environment without obstructing the human's natural haptic senses. The finger touch force is detected by mea- suring changes in the coloration of the fingernail; hence the sensor is mounted on the fingernail rather than on the fingertip. Specifi- cally, the fingernail is instrumented with miniature light emitting diodes (LEDs) and photodetectors in order to measure changes in the reflection intensity when the fingertip is pressed against a sur- face. The changes in intensity are then used to determine changes in the blood volume under the fingernail, a technique termed re- flectance photoplethysmography. A hemodynamic model is used to investigate the dynamics of the blood volume at two locations under the fingernail. A miniaturized prototype nail sensor is de- signed, built, and tested. The theoretical analysis is verified through experiment and simulation.
High-resolution 60-GHz DCOs with reconfigurable distributed metal capacitors in passive resonators (2012)

Mm-wave digitally-controlled oscillators (DCOs) with reconfigurable passive resonators are proposed, which achieve wide tuning range (>;10%) and fine frequency resolution (<;1 MHz) simultaneously. Two 60-GHz implementations: a fine-resolution inductor-based DCO (L-DCO) and a transformer-based DCO (T-DCO) are demonstrated in 90-nm CMOS, exploiting metal capacitors only for frequency tuning. Both DCOs obtain >;9.7% linear tuning range and phase noise lower than -90.5 dBc/Hz at 1-MHz offset across the 56-62 GHz range. The T-DCO achieves fine frequency tuning step of 2.5 MHz, whereas that of the L-DCO is better than 160 kHz. The L-DCO and T-DCO consume 10 mA and 12 mA, respectively, from a 1.2-V supply. The core size of each DCO is 0.4×0.4 mm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> .
ChemInform Abstract: Chemical Recycling of Carbon Dioxide to Methanol and Dimethyl Ether: From Greenhouse Gas to Renewable, Environmentally Carbon Neutral Fuels and Synthetic Hydrocarbons. (2009)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Evaluation of Innovative High Performance Lubricants for Compaction of Complex Powder Metallurgy Parts (2013)

A clear trend in the PM community for the past years is the development of increasingly more complex parts. Multi-level, tall and high green density parts are favoured in order to obtain the best mechanical performances while keeping the manufacturing costs as low as possible. To some extent, such advances are dependent on the metal powder feedstock. High performance lubricants added to the metal powder mix should, amongst others, promote a superior die-fill and an easier ejection from the die. This article evaluates the behaviour of lubricant PR-2, a high performance lubricant developed by Rio Tinto Metal Powders. A water-atomised steel powder mix containing 2.0% copper, 0.55% graphite and variable amounts of the high performance lubricant was tested on an industrial press. The press was run in fully automatic mode during extended periods of time and the part-to-part weight variation was measured. The powder was also characterised for its die-filling behaviour. The lubricant is compared to other commonly used PM lubricants such as Acrawax C and Kenolube.
Discovery of Macrocyclic Pyrimidines as MerTK‐Specific Inhibitors (2016)

Macrocycles have attracted significant attention in drug discovery recently. In fact, a few de novo designed macrocyclic kinase inhibitors are currently in clinical trials with good potency and selectivity for their intended target. In this study, we successfully engaged a structure-based drug design approach to discover macrocyclic pyrimidines as potent Mer tyrosine kinase (MerTK)-specific inhibitors. An enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) in 384-well format was employed to evaluate the inhibitory activity of macrocycles in a cell-based assay assessing tyrosine phosphorylation of MerTK. Through structure-activity relationship (SAR) studies, analogue 11 [UNC2541; (S)-7-amino-N-(4-fluorobenzyl)-8-oxo-2,9,16-triaza-1(2,4)-pyrimidinacyclohexadecaphane-1-carboxamide] was identified as a potent and MerTK-specific inhibitor that exhibits sub-micromolar inhibitory activity in the cell-based ELISA. In addition, an X-ray structure of MerTK protein in complex with 11 was resolved to show that these macrocycles bind in the MerTK ATP pocket.
Virus-Poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) Biocomposite Films (2012)

Virus-poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) (virus-PEDOT) biocomposite films are prepared by electropolymerizing 3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene (EDOT) in aqueous electrolytes containing 12 mM LiClO(4) and the bacteriophage M13. The concentration of virus in these solutions, [virus](soln), is varied from 3 to 15 nM. A quartz crystal microbalance is used to directly measure the total mass of the biocomposite film during its electrodeposition. In combination with a measurement of the electrodeposition charge, the mass of the virus incorporated into the film is calculated. These data show that the concentration of the M13 within the electropolymerized film, [virus](film), increases linearly with [virus](soln). The incorporation of virus particles into the PEDOT film from solution is efficient, resulting in a concentration ratio of [virus](film):[virus](soln) ≈ 450. Virus incorporation into the PEDOT causes roughening of the film topography that is observed using scanning electron microscopy and atomic force microscopy (AFM). The electrical conductivity of the virus-PEDOT film, measured perpendicular to the plane of the film using conductive tip AFM, decreases linearly with virus loading, from 270 μS/cm for pure PEDOT films to 50 μS/cm for films containing 100 μM virus. The presence on the virus surface of displayed affinity peptides did not significantly influence the efficiency of incorporation into virus-PEDOT biocomposite films.