gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Morbidity and Toxic Effects Associated With Ganciclovir or Foscarnet Therapy in a Randomized Cytomegalovirus Retinitis Trial (1995)

Background: The Foscarnet-Ganciclovir Cytomegalovirus Retinitis Trial compared the use of either ganciclovir or foscarnet for the initial treatment of cytomegalovirus retinitis in patients with the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. We previously reported that patients treated with foscarnet lived longer but were more likely to have their treatment switched, the latter suggesting foscarnet may not have been as well tolerated as ganciclovir. This study compared the morbidity and toxic reactions reported during the trial. Methods: Two hundred thirty-four patients with the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome and previously untreated cytomegalovirus retinitis at 11 university centers were randomly assigned to receive intravenously either foscarnet (n=107) or ganciclovir (n=127). Medical histories, laboratory tests, and drug treatment histories during the first 6 months of treatment were analyzed. Results: Neutropenia was more common in patients assigned to ganciclovir than to foscarnet (34% vs 14%;P=.001). Patients assigned to foscarnet reported more infusion-related symptoms (58% vs 24%;P .001); they also experienced a trend toward more nephrotoxic effects (13% vs 6%;P=.082) and electrolyte abnormalities. The incidence of seizures was similar in both groups (foscarnet, 12%; ganciclovir, 9%;P=.511). Patients assigned to foscarnet were more likely to be switched to the alternative treatment (foscarnet to ganciclovir, 46%; ganciclovir to foscarnet, 11%;P Conclusions: Compared with ganciclovir, the use of foscarnet was more frequently limited by the occurrence of toxic reactions. However, these toxic reactions rarely had long-term sequelae. In light of the previously reported survival benefit seen in patients treated with foscarnet, these data support the use of foscarnet for the initial treatment of cytomegalovirus retinitis. (Arch Intern Med. 1995;155:65-74)
Practical asymmetric syntheses of .alpha.-amino acids through carbon-carbon bond constructions on electrophilic glycine templates (1988)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTPractical asymmetric syntheses of .alpha.-amino acids through carbon-carbon bond constructions on electrophilic glycine templatesRobert M. Williams, Peter J. Sinclair, Dongguan. Zhai, and Daimo. ChenCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1988, 110, 5, 1547–1557Publication Date (Print):March 1, 1988Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 March 1988https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00213a031https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00213a031research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views2558Altmetric-Citations214LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Low-power 50% duty cycle corrector (2008)

This work presents a low-power 50% duty cycle corrector. A single-ended structure is adopted. The gain-boosting charge pump raises the loop performance and decreases the voltage ripples for increasing accuracy. The input duty range and operational frequency range are increased. The parameters of the design are optimized by loop analysis. A test chip is implemented in a 0.18 mum CMOS process. It's successfully verified to obtain 50% output duty from 20 MHz to 2.5 GHz with wide input duty cycle range. The power consumption is 0.36 mW and measured jitter is 18.4 ps at 1 GHz.
Simultaneous Quantification of Human Cardiac α- and β-Myosin Heavy Chain Proteins by MALDI-TOF Mass Spectrometry (2004)

We have developed a novel method for quantifying protein isoforms, in both relative and absolute terms, based on MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry. The utility of the approach is demonstrated by quantifying the alpha and beta protein isoforms of myosin heavy chain (MyHC) in human atrial tissue. Alpha-MyHC (726-741) and beta-MyHC (724-739) were identified as isoform-specific tryptic peptides. A calibration curve was constructed by plotting ion current ratios against molar ratios of the two peptides prepared synthetically. MyHC was digested by trypsin and the ion current ratio determined for the two tryptic peptides. The ion current ratio was converted to the peptide ratio and hence the isoform ratio by reference to the standard curve. The accuracy of the method was confirmed by a comparison between these results and those determined by an established method of MyHC isoform ratio determination. So that the molar ratio could be converted to absolute values, a third peptide, an analogue of the two peptides being measured, was synthesized for use as an internal standard (IS). The measured ion current ratios of synthetic alpha-MyHC (726-741), beta-MyHC (724-739), and IS peptides were used to generate standard curves. A known quantity of the IS was added to the MyHC digests. The measured ion current ratios were converted to the actual quantities of the isoform-specific peptides and hence the actual quantity of each protein isoform by reference to the standard curves. This method is of general applicability, especially when isoform quantification is required.
Investigation of reverse current for crystalline silicon solar cells—New concept for a test standard about the reverse current (2010)

The effect of reverse current on reliability of crystalline silicon solar modules was investigated. Based on the experiments, the relation between reverse current and hot-spot protection was discussed. In avoid of the formation of hot spots, the reverse current should be smaller than 1.5 A for 125mm×125mm mono-crystalline silicon solar cells when the bias voltage is at -12V.
Design of a C/EBP-specific, Dominant-negative bZIP Protein with Both Inhibitory and Gain-of-function Properties (1996)

We have developed a bZIP protein, GBF-F, with both dominant-negative (DN) and gain-of-function properties. GBF-F is a chimera consisting of two components: the DNA binding (basic) region from the plant bZIP protein GBF-1 (GBF) and a leucine zipper (F) designed to preferentially heterodimerize with the C/EBP alpha leucine zipper. Biochemical studies show that GBF-F preferentially forms heterodimers with C/EBP alpha and thus binds a chimeric DNA sequence composed of the half-sites recognized by the C/EBP and GBF basic regions. Transient transfections in HepG2 hepatoma cells show that both components of GBF-F are necessary for inhibition of C/EBP alpha transactivation. When the C/EBP alpha leucine zipper is replaced with that of either GCN4 or VBP, the resulting protein can transactivate a C/EBP cis-element but is not inhibited by GBF-F, indicating that the specificity of dominant-negative action is determined by the leucine zipper. All known members of the C/EBP family contain similar leucine zipper regions and are inhibited by GBF-F. GBF-F also exhibits gain-of-function properties, since, with the essential cooperation of a C/EBP family member, it can transactivate a promoter containing the chimeric C/EBP/GBF site. This protein therefore has potential utility both as a dominant-negative inhibitor of C/EBP function and as an activator protein with novel DNA sequence specificity.
Obesity Drug Pipeline Not So Fat (2003)

Why aren9t there more antiobesity drugs? For one, such drugs must tamper with the biochemistry of metabolism; it9s an essential system for survival and thus sometimes fatal to disrupt. In addition, appetite circuits in the brain use neurotransmitters and receptors that control other body processes. And yet research is beginning to yield important insights into the body9s cast of caloric characters (see p.
 846).
斯人已逝。斯坦利·霍夫曼改变了美国对法国和欧洲的看法 (2015)

2015年9月13日，斯坦利·霍夫曼因久病不治与世长辞，享年86岁。霍夫曼的微笑热情洋溢、充满着力量和魅力。这不禁让人想起他身为欧洲大陆人的那股特质：他身上散发着法国人的文化气质，中欧背景，还带着点儿美国味儿。
Bioactive Diterpenes from the Aerial Parts of<i>Anisochilus harmandii</i> (2009)

Two new diterpenes, 4- EPI-triptobenzene L ( 1) and 12- O-deacetyl-6- O-acetyl-19- acetyloxycoleon Q ( 2), as well as eight known diterpenes ( 3- 10) were isolated from the aerial parts of Anisochilus hamandii. Structures of the isolated compounds were identified from spectroscopic evidence. Compounds 1, 2, 5, and 10 exhibited antiplasmodial activity against Plasmodium falciparum (IC (50) 4.70, 2.90, 3.03, and 7.20 microg/mL, respectively), while 3, 5, and 7 showed antimycobacterial activity against Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MIC 50 microg/mL). In addition, only 10 showed strong cytotoxicity against NCI-H187 cells (IC (50) 4.43 microg/mL).
Multirate estimation and control under time-varying data sampling with applications to information storage devices (2005)

A method for increasing controller performance through improved state estimation for systems with position-limited measurements operating at low velocities is presented. Improvements include updating the estimates and control at each measurement instant (rather than after a fixed sampling time) and the use of a multirate scheme between measurement instants. Performance improvement is demonstrated for position control through simulation of track seeking in an optical disk drive and for velocity control through simulation and experiment for a motor/encoder system.
STEM‐CL investigations on the influence of stacking faults on the optical emission of cubic GaN epilayers and cubic GaN/AlN multi‐quantum wells (2015)

Abstract We report the influence of {111} stacking faults on the cathodoluminescence (CL) emission characteristics of cubic GaN (c‐GaN) films and cubic GaN/AlN multi‐quantum wells. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) measurements indicate that stacking faults (SFs) on the {111} planes are the predominant crystallographic defects in epitaxial films, which were grown on 3C‐SiC/Si (001) substrates by plasma‐assisted molecular beam epitaxy. The correlation of the SFs and the luminescence output is evidenced with a CL setup integrated in a scanning TEM (STEM). By comparing the STEM images and the simultaneously measured CL signals it is demonstrated that SFs in these films lead to a reduced CL emission intensity. Furthermore, the CL emission intensity is shown to increase with increasing film thickness and decreasing SF density. This correlation can be connected to the reduction of the full width at half maximum of X‐ray diffraction rocking curves with increasing film thickness of c‐GaN films. (© 2015 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Fluid Shear Stress Stimulates Phosphorylation of Akt in Human Endothelial Cells (1998)

Fluid shear stress alters the morphology and function of the endothelium by activating several kinases. Furthermore, shear stress potently inhibits apoptosis of endothelial cells. Since activation of Akt kinase has been shown to prevent cell death, we investigated the effects of shear stress on Akt phosphorylation. To test the hypothesis that shear stress interacts with the Akt kinase pathway, human umbilical venous endothelial cells were exposed to laminar shear stress (15 dyne/cm2). Western blotting with specific antibodies against the phosphorylated Akt demonstrated a time-dependent stimulation of Akt phosphorylation by shear stress with a maximal increase up to 6-fold after 1 hour of shear stress exposure. The stimulation of Akt phosphorylation by shear stress thereby seemed to be mediated by the phosphoinositide 3-OH kinase (PI3K), as evidenced by the significant inhibition of shear stress-induced Akt phosphorylation by the PI3K inhibitors wortmannin (20 nmol/L) and Ly294002 (10 micromol/L). In addition, pharmacological inhibition of P13K reduced the antiapoptotic effect of shear stress against growth factor depletion-induced apoptosis. Most important, overexpression of a dominant-negative Akt mutant significantly inhibited the apoptosis-suppressive effect of shear stress against serum depletion-induced apoptosis, thus indicating the direct involvement of shear stress-induced Akt phosphorylation for inhibition of endothelial cell apoptosis. These results define a novel shear stress-stimulated signal transduction pathway, namely, activation of the serine/threonine kinase Akt, which may contribute to the profound changes in endothelial morphology and function by shear stress.
3D printed structures for optimized carbon capture technology in packed bed columns (2019)

The use of 3D printed structured packing for the optimization of aqueous-amine based carbon capture in packed absorption columns is examined in this paper. An experimental testing system has been set up, and initial comparisons were made between metal, plastic, and 3D printed 16-inch packing elements and between three 8-inch 3D printed elements of different densities. Pressure drop measurements were obtained at various air flowrates under dry conditions. Measurements were also taken for a wet system by adding water at six different liquid flowrates. In each case, theoretical calculations for pressure drop were performed based on a model presented in the literature. It was found that, for the 16-inch dry column, the model slightly overpredicts the pressure drop. The model provides an accurate prediction for the dry 8-inch experimental data, especially for the two least dense packing elements. For the wet system, the model overpredicts the pressure drop, likely due to modeling deficiencies when the column reaches its loading limit. These results provide sufficient confidence to move forward with testing and process intensification of the CO2 capture process.
Preclinical Evaluation of the NeVaTM Stent Retriever: Safety and Efficacy in the Swine Thrombectomy Model (2018)

Our preclinical results support the use of the NeVa<sup>TM</sup> device in a clinical trial to determine if this novel design improves upon current stent retriever outcomes.
P04-48. HIV-1 envelope induces memory B cell responses that correlate with plasma antibody levels after gp120 protein vaccination or chronic HIV-1 infection (2009)

Background Successful vaccines (e.g. tetanus) can induce long-lived antibody levels that are maintained by long-lived plasma cells and do not correlate with numbers of blood memory B-cells. Early events during HIV-1 acute infection may impair the timely onset of neutralizing antibody responses. Thus, an effective HIV-1 vaccine should elicit high levels of durable antibodies by long-lived plasma cells. We asked if HIV-1 envelope-specific memory responses are sustained by memory B-cells in the settings of HIV-1 gp120 envelope vaccination and chronic HIV-1 infection (CHI).
The loss of vernalization requirement in narrow‐leafed lupin is associated with a deletion in the promoter and de‐repressed expression of a <i>Flowering Locus T</i> (<i><scp>FT</scp></i>) homologue (2016)

Adaptation of Lupinus angustifolius (narrow-leafed lupin) to cropping in southern Australian and northern Europe was transformed by a dominant mutation (Ku) that removed vernalization requirement for flowering. The Ku mutation is now widely used in lupin breeding to confer early flowering and maturity. We report here the identity of the Ku mutation. We used a range of genetic, genomic and gene expression approaches to determine whether Flowering Locus T (FT) homologues are associated with the Ku locus. One of four FT homologues present in the narrow-leafed lupin genome, LanFTc1, perfectly co-segregated with the Ku locus in a reference mapping population. Expression of LanFTc1 in the ku (late-flowering) parent was strongly induced by vernalization, in contrast to the Ku (early-flowering) parent, which showed constitutively high LanFTc1 expression. Co-segregation of this expression phenotype with the LanFTc1 genotype indicated that the Ku mutation impairs cis-regulation of LanFTc1. Sequencing of LanFTc1 revealed a 1.4-kb deletion in the promoter region, which was perfectly predictive of vernalization response in 216 wild and domesticated accessions. Linkage disequilibrium rapidly decayed around LanFTc1, suggesting that this deletion caused the loss of vernalization response. This is the first time a legume FTc subclade gene has been implicated in the vernalization response.
Grating-coupled quantum-well infrared detectors: Theory and performance (1992)

A theory of the grating-coupled quantum-well infrared detector, based on the modal expansion method (MEM) is presented together with numerical simulation results. MEM is a near-exact way of determining the electromagnetic-field pattern in a reflection grating-coupled quantum-well infrared detector, and is suitable for the calculation of absorption quantum efficiencies. Both lamellar gratings and crossed (doubly periodic) gratings are dealt with. Numerical simulations show that quantum efficiencies integrated with respect to wavelength ηint equal to 1 μm may be obtained in a detector equipped with a crossed grating of square symmetry, and a waveguide. The waveguide is defined by the metal grating on one side of the infrared absorbing quantum wells, and a thick aluminum arsenide layer on the other. This implies a factor of 4 higher ηint than in a 45° polished edge detector with the corresponding quantum-well characteristics. Finally, a sensitivity analysis shows that a change in grating dimensions of the order of 0.1 μm results in relative changes of ηint of about 1%.
PARP Inhibitors as a Therapeutic Agent for Homologous Recombination Deficiency in Breast Cancers (2019)

Poly (ADP-ribose) polymerases (PARPs) play an important role in various cellular processes, such as replication, recombination, chromatin remodeling, and DNA repair. Emphasizing PARP's role in facilitating DNA repair, the PARP pathway has been a target for cancer researchers in developing compounds which selectively target cancer cells and increase sensitivity of cancer cells to other anticancer agents, but which also leave normal cells unaffected. Since certain tumors (<i>BRCA1/2</i> mutants) have deficient homologous recombination repair pathways, they depend on PARP-mediated base excision repair for survival. Thus, inhibition of PARP is a promising strategy to selectively kill cancer cells by inactivating complementary DNA repair pathways. Although PARP inhibitor therapy has predominantly targeted <i>BRCA</i>-mutated cancers, this review also highlights the growing conversation around PARP inhibitor treatment for non-<i>BRCA</i>-mutant tumors, those which exhibit BRCAness and homologous recombination deficiency. We provide an update on the field's progress by considering PARP inhibitor mechanisms, predictive biomarkers, and clinical trials of PARP inhibitors in development. Bringing light to these findings would provide a basis for expanding the use of PARP inhibitors beyond <i>BRCA</i>-mutant breast tumors.
THE PREVALENCE, SEVERITY AND FACTORS ASSOCIATED WITH URINARY INCONTINENCE IN A RANDOM SAMPLE OF THE ELDERLY (1979)

A study to determine the prevalence of urinary incontinence in a random sample of a total elderly community is described. The prevalence of incontinence in women aged 65 years or more was found to be 17% and in men 11%. The findings show that the prevalence of incontinence is particularly high among residents of old people's homes and geriatric hospitals, but that the majority of cases occur within the general community. The prevalence increases with age in both sexes; associations with a history of cerebrovascular disease, certain surgical procedures, multiple hospital admissions and drug usage are described. The findings of a follow-up study suggest that, although the disorder is long-standing and severe in a proportion of subjects, it is transient in approximately a third of all elderly subjects with the condition.
Allergen nomenclature* (1988)

This article presents a nomenclature system for allergens which has been officially recommended by the International Union of Immunological Societies (IUIS). The nomenclature is based on proposals of the IUIS Sub‐Committee for Allergen Nomenclature and is applicable to highly purified well‐characterized allergens and to non‐purified or partially purified allergenic extracts.
Structured message passing on a shared-memory multiprocessor (2003)

A shared-memory multiprocessor can efficiently support many different programming paradigms. In particular, shared-memory multiprocessors need not be programmed using the shared-memory model. SMP is a structured message-passing software library developed for the BBN Butterfly parallel processor that provides an alternative to the shared-memory model of the BBN uniform system package, SMP supports the construction of process families, a fixed set of asynchronous processes that communicate using messages according to a given interconnection pattern. A dynamic hierarchy of process families is possible. The author describes the SMP user interface, the Butterfly implementation, and his experiences in using a message-passing model to program a shared-memory multiprocessor.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Involvement of 5‐HT<sub>6</sub> receptors in nigro‐striatal function in rodents (1998)

4-Amino-N-(2,4 bis-methylamino-pyrimidin-4-yl) benzene sulphonamide (Ro 04-6790) is a potent, selective and competitive antagonist for the 5-HT6 receptor which can be detected in the cerebro-spinal fluid (CSF) of rats following intraperitoneal administration. Since 5-HT6 receptor mRNA and 5-HT6 receptor-like immunoreactivity have been shown to be present in the striatum, the purpose of the present study was to evaluate the effect of 5-HT6 receptor antagonism on haloperidol- and SCH 23390-induced catalepsy in mice and on the turning behaviour of rats with unilateral 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA) lesions of the medial forebrain bundle. Ro 04-6790 (3, 10 and 30 mg kg(-1) i.p.) did not induce catalepsy and had no effect on catalepsy induced by either haloperidol or SCH 23390. Ro 04-6790 (3, 10 and 30 mg kg(-1) i.p.) did not itself induce rotational behaviour in rats with unilateral 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA) lesions of the medial forebrain bundle nor did it affect the rotational behaviour induced by either L-Dopa or amphetamine. 5-HT6 receptor antagonism inhibited the rotational behaviour of 6-OHDA lesioned rats induced by treatment with the muscarinic antagonists scopolamine and atropine. The data support earlier conclusions from experiments with antisense oligonucleotides that the 5-HT6 receptor is involved in the control of acetylcholine neurotransmission in the rat brain.