gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Dimensionality Reduction using GA-PSO (2006)

The feature selection process can be considered a problem of global combinatorial optimization in machine learning, which reduces the number of features, removes irrelevant, noisy and redundant data, and results in acceptable classification accuracy. In this paper, we propose a combination of genetic algorithms (GAs) and particle swarm optimization (PSO) for feature selection. The K-nearest neighbor (K-NN) method with leave-one-out cross-validation (LOOCV) serves as an evaluator for the GAs and the PSO. The proposed method is applied to five classification problems taken from the literature. Experimental results show that our method simplifies features effectively and obtains a higher classification accuracy compared to other feature selection methods.
Wide-Bandwidth and High-Linearity Envelope- Tracking Front-End Module for LTE-A Carrier Aggregation Applications (2017)

The envelope-tracking front-end module (ETFEM) consisting of an envelope-tracking supply modulator (ETSM), a dual-power-mode power amplifier (PA), and a single-poledouble-throw (SPDT) switch is proposed for the Long-Term Evolution-Advanced (LTE-A) intraband carrier aggregation (CA) signal. The linear stage of ETSM is implemented by introducing the dual-path crossover current-reuse mechanism to obtain the measured efficiency 79.6%, 76.4%, 74%, and 72.8% for 7.4-, 9.6-, 11.2-, and 12.3-dB peak-to-average-power ratio (PAPR) 16-QAM LTE-A CA signals with 1 χ 20, 2 χ 20, 3 χ 20, and 4 χ 20 MHz bandwidths, respectively. A SiGe BiCMOS dual-power-mode PA with two output power modes is realized and incorporated with ETSM to improve the adjacent channel leakage ratio (ACLR) by 11.7, 7.9, and 4.7 dB and the error vector magnitude (EVM) by 7.1%, 6.1%, and 4.1% at 26.8-, 24.3-, and 21.7-dBm output powers for the LTE-A 16-QAM signals with 1 χ 20, 2 χ 20, and 3 χ 20 MHz bandwidths at 1.95 GHz, respectively. The SPDT switch integrated with ETSM provides 0.3-dB power loss reduction, 1.1-dB ACLR improvement, and 0.7% EVM enhancement at 12-dBm average input power. The ETFEM operated at 12.5-dB PAPR 64-QAM LTE-A CA signal with 4 χ 20 MHz bandwidth demonstrates that the improvements of 1.3-dB ACLR and 1% EVM at 13.1-dBm output power are achieved for the widebandwidth and high-linearity FEM applications.
NiCoFe Layered Triple Hydroxides with Porous Structures as High-Performance Electrocatalysts for Overall Water Splitting (2016)

We report a type of NiCoFe layered triple hydroxides (LTHs) supported on carbon fiber cloth (CFC) (NiCoFe LTHs/CFC) as high-performance electrocatalysts for overall water splitting in alkaline media. The NiCoFe LTHs/CFC as an oxygen evolution reaction (OER) electrocatalyst shows excellent catalytic activity and durability, such as low overpotential of ∼239 mV at 10 mA cm–2, small Tafel slope of ∼32 mV dec–1 and conservation rate of catalytic activity (∼99%) after 12 h of continuous electrolysis at 20 mA cm–2. As a hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) electrocatalyst, NiCoFe LTHs/CFC also shows low onset potential, small Tafel slope, and superior durability. The NiCoFe LTHs/CFC-based overall water splitting exhibits a low onset potential (∼1.51 V), a low splitting potential (∼1.55 V) at 10 mA cm–2, and excellent durability, and the performance is comparable to that of IrO2/Pt-based overall water splitting. This work will open a new avenue toward the development of high-performance and inexpensive layered triple hydroxides electrocatalysts.
A single-cell survey of the human first-trimester placenta and decidua (2018)

The placenta and decidua interact dynamically to enable embryonic and fetal development. Here, we report single-cell RNA sequencing of 14,341 and 6754 cells from first-trimester human placental villous and decidual tissues, respectively. Bioinformatic analysis identified major cell types, many known and some subtypes previously unknown in placental villi and decidual context. Further detailed analysis revealed proliferating subpopulations, enrichment of cell type-specific transcription factors, and putative intercellular communication in the fetomaternal microenvironment. This study provides a blueprint to further the understanding of the roles of these cells in the placenta and decidua for maintenance of early gestation as well as pathogenesis in pregnancy-related disorders.
The demonstration of significant ferroelectricity in epitaxial Y-doped HfO2 film (2016)

Ferroelectricity and Curie temperature are demonstrated for epitaxial Y-doped HfO2 film grown on (110) yttrium oxide-stabilized zirconium oxide (YSZ) single crystal using Sn-doped In2O3 (ITO) as bottom electrodes. The XRD measurements for epitaxial film enabled us to investigate its detailed crystal structure including orientations of the film. The ferroelectricity was confirmed by electric displacement filed - electric filed hysteresis measurement, which revealed saturated polarization of 16 μC/cm(2). Estimated spontaneous polarization based on the obtained saturation polarization and the crystal structure analysis was 45 μC/cm(2). This value is the first experimental estimations of the spontaneous polarization and is in good agreement with the theoretical value from first principle calculation. Curie temperature was also estimated to be about 450 °C. This study strongly suggests that the HfO2-based materials are promising for various ferroelectric applications because of their comparable ferroelectric properties including polarization and Curie temperature to conventional ferroelectric materials together with the reported excellent scalability in thickness and compatibility with practical manufacturing processes.
Urinary glucuronidase and arylsulfatases in identical twins of bladder cancer patients. (1984)

Studies showing that bladder cancer patients have unusually high levels of urinary beta-glucuronidase and arylsulfatases A and B led to the suggestion that these urinary enzymes may participate in bladder cancer etiology. An alternative explanation of the high levels of these urinary enzymes in bladder cancer patients is that the disease itself causes the elevation. Since the levels of these enzymes are genetically determined, measuring these enzymes in healthy identical twins of bladder cancer patients can test whether high enzyme levels occurred prior to bladder cancer. Five healthy identical cotwins of bladder cancer patients, together with matched controls, were measured for urinary beta-glucuronidase, arylsulfatases A and B, and two other lysosomal enzymes as controls, alpha- and beta-galactosidases. The mean levels of all five enzymes were not very different in the cotwins and controls, suggesting that high levels of urinary enzymes observed in bladder cancer patients are a consequence of disease rather than occurring prior to disease and contributing to its etiology.
Cellular handset integration - SIP versus SOC (2005)

Cellular handsets are rapidly evolving from voice-only products to highly featured designs featuring color displays, games, audio, video, cameras, Bluetooth, GPS, WLAN, high-speed wide-area data services, and other advanced features. This remarkable expansion in capability, in conjunction with ongoing customer demands for sleek, ergonomic, and reasonably priced handsets with good battery life, places considerable pressure on handset component providers to aggressively integrate the handset electronics. System-in-Package (SIP) integration and System-on-Chip (SOC) integration are two possible approaches. This paper investigates the tradeoffs between SIP and SOC integration for the integration of memories, analog, and RF electronics in the handset.
Artificial Intelligence in Nuclear Medicine (2019)

Despite the great media attention for artificial intelligence (AI), for many health care professionals the term and the functioning of AI remain a "black box," leading to exaggerated expectations on the one hand and unfounded fears on the other. In this review, we provide a conceptual classification and a brief summary of the technical fundamentals of AI. Possible applications are discussed on the basis of a typical work flow in medical imaging, grouped by planning, scanning, interpretation, and reporting. The main limitations of current AI techniques, such as issues with interpretability or the need for large amounts of annotated data, are briefly addressed. Finally, we highlight the possible impact of AI on the nuclear medicine profession, the associated challenges and, last but not least, the opportunities.
Anticytokine therapy in systemic lupus erythematosus (2010)

Systemic lupus erythematosus is a prototype of heterogeneous autoimmune disease. There have been few newly approved therapeutic agents in lupus treatment for many reasons. Several animal studies and human data have shown that many potential cytokines are related to the pathogenesis and disease activity of systemic lupus erythematosus. Cytokines are produced by many immune cell types and have variable functions in the immune system. Following the success of biological agents in the treatment of inflammatory arthritis, inflammatory bowel disease, and psoriasis, biological targeting to specific cytokines or receptor molecules is now promising in the treatment of systemic lupus erythematosus. In addition to B-cell deleting modalities, clinical trials targeting potential cytokines associated with disease pathogenesis are underway at various clinical stages. Among potential cytokines, targeting agents against B-cell activating factor and interferon-alpha are in the most advanced stage, and belimumab (anti-B-cell activating factor antibody) could be the first biological agent approved in the treatment of systemic lupus erythematosus. Anti-tumor necrosis factor was tried with some success, but with a potential risk of infection in a small number of patients. In this review, we discuss the rationale for anticytokine therapies and review agents currently in clinical trials, and those that could be developed in the near future for systemic lupus erythematosus. We present the results mostly from published trials and data from http://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/
Pancreatic Insulin Content Regulation by the Estrogen Receptor ERα (2008)

The function of pancreatic beta-cells is the synthesis and release of insulin, the main hormone involved in blood glucose homeostasis. Estrogen receptors, ER alpha and ER beta, are important molecules involved in glucose metabolism, yet their role in pancreatic beta-cell physiology is still greatly unknown. In this report we show that both ER alpha and ER beta are present in pancreatic beta-cells. Long term exposure to physiological concentrations of 17beta-estradiol (E2) increased beta-cell insulin content, insulin gene expression and insulin release, yet pancreatic beta-cell mass was unaltered. The up-regulation of pancreatic beta-cell insulin content was imitated by environmentally relevant doses of the widespread endocrine disruptor Bisphenol-A (BPA). The use of ER alpha and ER beta agonists as well as ER alphaKO and ER betaKO mice suggests that the estrogen receptor involved is ER alpha. The up-regulation of pancreatic insulin content by ER alpha activation involves ERK1/2. These data may be important to explain the actions of E2 and environmental estrogens in endocrine pancreatic function and blood glucose homeostasis.
Mechanochemical Synthesis: A Tool to Tune Cation Site Disorder and Ionic Transport Properties of Li<sub>3</sub>MCl<sub>6</sub> (M = Y, Er) Superionic Conductors (2019)

Abstract The lithium‐conducting, rare‐earth halides, Li 3 MX 6 (M = Y, Er; X = Cl, Br), have garnered significantly rising interest recently, as they have been reported to have oxidative stability and high ionic conductivities. However, while a multitude of materials exhibit a superionic conductivity close to 1 mS cm −1 , the exact design strategies to further improve the ionic transport properties have not been established yet. Here, the influence of the employed synthesis method of mechanochemical milling, compared to subsequent crystallization routines as well as classic solid‐state syntheses on the structure and resulting transport behavior of Li 3 ErCl 6 and Li 3 YCl 6 are explored. Using a combination of X‐ray diffraction, pair distribution function analysis, density functional theory, and impedance spectroscopy, insights into the average and local structural features that influence the underlying transport are provided. The existence of a cation defect within the structure in which Er/Y are disordered to a new position strongly benefits the transport properties. A synthetically tuned, increasing degree of this disordering leads to a decreasing activation energy and increasing ionic conductivity. This work sheds light on the possible synthesis strategies and helps to systematically understand and further improve the properties of this class of materials.
Hole Tunneling and Hopping in a Ru(bpy)<sub>3</sub><sup>2+</sup>-Phenothiazine Dyad with a Bridge Derived from oligo-<i>p</i>-Phenylene (2011)

A molecular dyad was synthesized in which a Ru(bpy)(3)(2+) (bpy = 2,2'-bipyridine) photosensitizer and a phenothiazine redox partner are bridged by a sequence of tetramethoxybenzene, p-dimethoxybenzene, and p-xylene units. Hole transfer from the oxidized metal complex to the phenothiazine was triggered using a flash-quench technique and investigated by transient absorption spectroscopy. Optical spectroscopic and electrochemical experiments performed on a suitable reference molecule in addition to the above-mentioned dyad lead to the conclusion that hole transfer from Ru(bpy)(3)(3+) to phenothiazine proceeds through a sequence of hopping and tunneling steps: Initial hole hopping from Ru(bpy)(3)(3+) to the easily oxidizable tetramethoxybenzene unit is followed by tunneling through the barrier imposed by the p-dimethoxybenzene and p-xylene spacers. The overall charge transfer proceeds with a time constant of 41 ns, which compares favorably to a time constant of 1835 ns associated with equidistant hole tunneling between the same donor-acceptor couple bridged by three identical p-xylene units. The combined hopping/tunneling sequence thus leads to an acceleration of hole transfer by roughly a factor of 50 when compared to a pure tunneling mechanism.
A Method for Measuring Semantic Similarity of Concepts in the Same Ontology (2008)

The present methods for measuring concepts semantic similarity only focus on certain influencing factors, have poor convergence performances and canpsilat calculate accurately. This paper compares three kinds of ontology-based semantic similarity calculation models. On this basis, an improved algorithm that inherits the distance-based calculation model is proposed. In this approach, node depth, local density and node attributes are newly quantified and the granularity degree of clusters is firstly combined with other five factors: local density, node depth, link type, link strength, node attribute. The experimental results show that this method provides an effective quantification for the semantic relationships, and can calculate semantic similarity more precisely.
Consensus Review of Optimal Perioperative Care in Colorectal Surgery (2009)

The Enhanced Recovery After Surgery (ERAS) Group presents a comprehensive evidence-based consensus review of perioperative care for colorectal surgery. It is based on the evidence available for each element of the multimodal perioperative care pathway.
Path confidence based lookahead prefetching (2016)

Designing prefetchers to maximize system performance often requires a delicate balance between coverage and accuracy. Achieving both high coverage and accuracy is particularly challenging in workloads with complex address patterns, which may require large amounts of history to accurately predict future addresses. This paper describes the Signature Path Prefetcher (SPP), which offers effective solutions for three classic challenges in prefetcher design. First, SPP uses a compressed history based scheme that accurately predicts complex address patterns. Second, unlike other history based algorithms, which miss out on many prefetching opportunities when address patterns make a transition between physical pages, SPP tracks complex patterns across physical page boundaries and continues prefetching as soon as they move to new pages. Finally, SPP uses the confidence it has in its predictions to adaptively throttle itself on a per-prefetch stream basis. In our analysis, we find that SPP improves performance by 27.2% over a no-prefetching baseline, and outperforms the state-of-the-art Best Offset prefetcher by 6.4%. SPP does this with minimal overhead, operating strictly in the physical address space, and without requiring any additional processor core state, such as the PC.
Introduction to the Maxwell Garnett approximation: tutorial (2016)

This tutorial is devoted to the Maxwell Garnett approximation and related theories. Topics covered in this first, introductory part of the tutorial include the Lorentz local field correction, the Clausius-Mossotti relation and its role in the modern numerical technique known as the discrete dipole approximation, the Maxwell Garnett mixing formula for isotropic and anisotropic media, multicomponent mixtures and the Bruggeman equation, the concept of smooth field, and Wiener and Bergman-Milton bounds.
<i>SHORT INTERNODES</i>‐like genes regulate shoot growth and xylem proliferation in <i>Populus</i> (2011)

• Genes controlling plant growth and form are of considerable interest, because they affect survival and productivity traits, and are largely unknown or poorly characterized. The SHORT INTERNODES(SHI) gene is one of a 10-member SHI-RELATED SEQUENCE (SRS) gene family in Arabidopsis that includes important developmental regulators. • Using comparative sequence analysis of the SRS gene families in poplar and Arabidopsis, we identified two poplar proteins that are most similar to SHI and its closely related gene STYLISH1 (STY1). The two poplar genes are very similar in sequence and expression and are therefore probably paralogs with redundant functions. • RNAi suppression of the two Populus genes enhanced shoot and root growth, whereas the overexpression of Arabidopsis SHI in poplar reduced internode and petiole length. The suppression of the two genes increased fiber length and the proportion of xylem tissue, mainly through increased xylem cell proliferation. The transgenic modifications were also associated with significant changes in the concentrations of gibberellins and cytokinin. • We conclude that Populus SHI-RELATED SEQUENCE (SRS) genes play an important role in the regulation of vegetative growth, including wood formation, and thus could be useful tools for the modification of biomass productivity, wood quality or plant form.
The Effect of Dehydroepiandrosterone on Adipose Tissue Cellularity in Mice (1982)

The effect of dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) on adipose tissue growth in young adult male mice was investigated. In Experiment 1, mice were individually caged and treated by intraperitoneal injections of DHEA (25 mg/kg body weight, 3x weekly) for 20 weeks. No significant differences in body weight and adipose tissue growth were found. In Experiment 2, DHEA was administered by intubation (450 mg/kg body weight, 3x weekly). In addition, mice were housed either one/cage or five/cage. After 10 weeks of treatment body weight and epididymal and retroperitoneal fat pad weights were significantly decreased in both DHEA groups compared to their respective control groups. In both adipose depots fat cell size was significantly decreased in treated mice while there was no effect on fat cell number. No differences were found in adipose tissue lipoprotein lipase or liver fatty acid synthetase of treated mice.
Determination of C/A Code Self-Interference Using Cross-Correlation Simulations and Receiver Bench Tests (2002)

A research team, from Rockwell-Collins, AJ Systems, and 
Pythagorean Development, Inc., has developed a 
sophisticated model along with a set of test equipment 
and instrumentation to analyze multiple access 
interference among GPS and SBAS signals that use C/A 
codes. In FY99, this team developed a new derivation for 
a cross-correlation interference simulation model that 
avoided approximations used in previous analyses. In 
particular, the model also included signal data modulation 
(50 bps for GPS and 500-baud for Satellite Based 
Augmentation Systems -- SBAS). This derivation showed 
that, although interference will occur, significant 
interference is a rare occurrence, and the occurrence 
simultaneously from multiple SVs is even rarer. These 
conclusions were supported by careful laboratory 
measurements. 
In FY01 and 02, the team extended the simulation and 
laboratory testing to examine the impact of cross-
correlation on different types of carrier-to-noise 
estimation schemes as well as the effect on C/A code 
pseudo-range measurement accuracy. The simulation and 
laboratory results show that with carrier smoothing of the 
code measurements, cross-correlation will have neglible 
effect on measurement accuracy for precision landing 
applications.
Growth rate of silicon nanowires (2005)

We have measured the growth rate of silicon nanowires (SiNWs), which were grown at temperatures between 365 and 495 °C via the vapor-liquid-solid (VLS) mechanism. We grew SiNWs using gold as catalysts and monosilane (SiH4) as a vapor phase reactant. Observing SiNWs by means of transmission electron microscopy, we have found that SiNWs with smaller diameters grow slower than those with larger ones, and the critical diameter at which growth stops completely exists. We have estimated the critical diameter of SiNWs to be about 2 nm. We have also measured the temperature dependence of the growth rate of SiNWs and estimated the activation energy of the growth of SiNWs to be 230kJ∕mol.
Adivinha Matrix (2018)

A oficina “Adivinha Matrix” foi desenvolvida a partir da atividade “Matemática nas praças” realizada pelo curso de Licenciatura em Matemática do IF Goiano campus Urutaí dentro da Semana Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia 2017 – SNCT. Com enfoque no tema “Matemática está em tudo” elaboramos essa oficina interativa a fim de abranger toda a população das cidades de Pires do Rio, Orizona, Urutaí e Ipameri a qual estivemos entre os dias 23 e 27 de outubro de 2017 e assim chamar a atenção para o raciocínio lógico. Esta oficina é um jogo que consiste num tabuleiro com 36 cartas onde cada carta tem duas cores para cada lado (frente e verso). Esse tem como objetivo descobrir a carta que o participante virou em meio às cartas, para isso o participante vai até o tabuleiro e monta uma matriz 5x5 com as cartas, podendo escolher qual lado ficará voltada para frente (vermelho ou marrom) em seguida o ministrante da oficina completa o tabuleiro acrescentando mais uma linha e uma coluna, tornando agora uma matriz 6x6. Dessa forma, o ministrante fica de costas para o tabuleiro e o participante escolhe uma carta e a vira para o outro lado. O intuito é que o ministrante descubra a única carta virada em meio as 36 cartas. O segredo da descoberta da carta se resume em códigos binários, ou seja, uma matriz binária de 0 e 1, para isso foi utilizado o conhecimento de números impares e pares, impar = 1 e par = 0. O objetivo central desse jogo foi fazer com que o participante desenvolvesse um pensamento lógico para descobrir o “segredo” de desvendar a carta que foi virada. Deste modo, os jogos propiciam condições agradáveis e favoráveis para o ensino de matemática, uma vez que, com os materiais manipuláveis, o indivíduo é motivado a pensar matematicamente, vivenciando a construção do conhecimento, reinventando e não só recebendo informações. É importante notar que a oficina é uma metodologia apresentada no propósito de desfazer a imagem de que a “matemática é difícil, incompreensível e abstrata”, podendo, assim, serem utilizados recursos alternativos no processo de ensino.