gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
IP based enhanced data casting services over radio broadcast networks (2002)

Emerging technologies like ATM, WDM or xDSL enable broadband communication over wireline networks. Mobile data systems like GSM or even UMTS are lacking in bandwidth for broadband multimedia. Furthermore, the emergence of Internet information systems like the WWW increases the desire for broadband multimedia information and communication services and also for wireless, i.e. mobile users. The system architecture, which is described, enables the realization of broadband multimedia information services for mobile users. The basic idea for the wireless provision of multimedia services to the users is the usage of digital radio and television broadcast networks like DVB-T (Digital Video Broadcast-Terrestrial) or DAB (Digital Audio Broadcast). Though these networks only support unidirectional data casting, they provide sufficient bandwidth for multimedia information services with a large number of users. An interaction channel for upstream communication to request information is integrated in the system using different approaches with GSM data services. The system architecture is structured in components with standardized interfaces to be flexible in regard of the realization of a specific service. The Internet protocol (IP) is the basic means of interconnection for our system to form a flexible multiservice network. The system architecture has already been implemented in a prototype information service system, which enables WWW access over DVB-T and is on its way to becoming a product.
Microstructural Characteristics of Ba(Mg<sub>1/3</sub>Ta<sub>2/3</sub>)O<sub>3</sub> Ceramics and Its Related Microwave Dielectric Properties (1996)

Microstructural characteristics such as second phases, defect types and order structure were investigated in Ba(Mg 1/3 Ta 2/3 )O 3 [BMT] ceramics using X-ray powder diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, wavelength-dispersive spectroscopy, and transmission electron microscopy. Two types of second phases having higher and lower Ba/Ta ratio compared to stoichiometric BMT, maybe exist in calcined powder of BMT. While one of them was consumed during sintering for 2 h, the other was remained after sintering. These results were discussed in terms of probable defect types in matrix of BMT. The presence and change of specific defect types can be correlated with the contribution of specific defect types to sintering behavior. Theoretical intensity of (100) superlattice reflection and saturated order parameter was also discussed. The microwave dielectric properties of sintered samples was discussed in terms of the presence of second phase and thus related defects types.
Viewing Angle Switchable Liquid Crystal Display with Double Layers Separated by an Interlayer Support (2009)

We demonstrate a viewing angle switchable (VAS) liquid crystal display (LCD) with an interlayer support fabricated by imprinting lithography. The interlayer support is embedded in a single cell to separate two differently aligned LC layers, one of which is a primary layer for displaying images and the other is a complementary layer for switching viewing angles. Our VAS LC cell shows two viewing ranges that can be switched between ±40 and ±70°. Moreover, our method of using an interlayer support results in a reduction in the panel thickness and weight by 40% compared with the panel stacking method.
Automatic gait optimization with Gaussian process regression (2007)

Gait optimization is a basic yet challenging problem for both quadrupedal and bipedal robots. Although techniques for automating the process exist, most involve local function optimization procedures that suffer from three key drawbacks. Local optimization techniques are naturally plagued by local optima, make no use of the expensive gait evaluations once a local step is taken, and do not explicitly model noise in gait evaluation. These drawbacks increase the need for a large number of gait evaluations, making optimization slow, data inefficient, and manually intensive. We present a Bayesian approach based on Gaussian process regression that addresses all three drawbacks. It uses a global search strategy based on a posterior model inferred from all of the individual noisy evaluations. We demonstrate the technique on a quadruped robot, using it to optimize two different criteria: speed and smoothness. We show in both cases our technique requires dramatically fewer gait evaluations than state-of-the-art local gradient approaches. 1
The Myth of Visible Light Photocatalysis Using Lanthanide Upconversion Materials (2018)

Upconversion luminescence is a nonlinear optical process achieved by certain engineered materials, which allows conversion of low energy photons into higher energy photons. Of particular relevance to environmental technology, lanthanide-based upconversion phosphors have appeared in dozens of publications as a tool for achieving visible light activation of wide-band gap semiconductor photocatalysts, such as TiO<sub>2</sub>, for degradation of water contaminants. Supposedly, the phosphor particles act to convert sub-band gap energy photons (e.g., solar visible light) into higher energy ultraviolet photons, thus driving catalytic aqueous contaminant degradation. Herein, however, we reexamined the photophysical properties of the popular visible-to-UV converters Y<sub>2</sub>SiO<sub>5</sub>:Pr<sup>3+</sup> and Y<sub>3</sub>Al<sub>5</sub>O<sub>12</sub>:Er<sup>3+</sup>, and found that their efficiencies are not nearly high enough to induce catalytic degradations under the reported excitation conditions. Furthermore, our experiments indicate that the false narrative of visible-to-UV upconversion-sensitized photocatalysis likely arose due to coincidental enhancements of dye degradation via direct electron injection that occur in the presence of dielectric-semiconductor (phosphor-catalyst) interfaces. These effects were unrelated to upconversion and only occurred for dye solutions illuminated within the chromophore absorption bands. We conclude that upconversion using Pr<sup>3+</sup> or Er<sup>3+</sup>-activated systems is not a technologically appealing mechanism for visible light photocatalysis, and provide experimental guidelines for avoiding future misinterpretation of these phenomena.
Proton-enabled activation of peptide materials for biological bimodal memory (2020)

The process of memory and learning in biological systems is multimodal, as several kinds of input signals cooperatively determine the weight of information transfer and storage. This study describes a peptide-based platform of materials and devices that can control the coupled conduction of protons and electrons and thus create distinct regions of synapse-like performance depending on the proton activity. We utilized tyrosine-rich peptide-based films and generalized our principles by demonstrating both memristor and synaptic devices. Interestingly, even memristive behavior can be controlled by both voltage and humidity inputs, learning and forgetting process in the device can be initiated and terminated by protons alone in peptide films. We believe that this work can help to understand the mechanism of biological memory and lay a foundation to realize a brain-like device based on ions and electrons.
Cascaded Human-Object Interaction Recognition (2020)

Rapid progress has been witnessed for human-object interaction (HOI) recognition, but most existing models are confined to single-stage reasoning pipelines. Considering the intrinsic complexity of the task, we introduce a cascade architecture for a multi-stage, coarse-to-fine HOI understanding. At each stage, an instance localization network progressively refines HOI proposals and feeds them into an interaction recognition network. Each of the two networks is also connected to its predecessor at the previous stage, enabling cross-stage information propagation. The interaction recognition network has two crucial parts: a relation ranking module for high-quality HOI proposal selection and a triple-stream classifier for relation prediction. With our carefully-designed human-centric relation features, these two modules work collaboratively towards effective interaction understanding. Further beyond relation detection on a bounding-box level, we make our framework flexible to perform fine-grained pixel-wise relation segmentation; this provides a new glimpse into better relation modeling. Our approach reached the $1^{st}$ place in the ICCV2019 Person in Context Challenge, on both relation detection and segmentation tasks. It also shows promising results on V-COCO.
Congestion avoidance on manycore high performance computing systems (2012)

Efficient communication is a requirement for application scalability on High Performance Computing systems. In this paper we argue for incorporating proactive congestion avoidance mechanisms into the design of communication layers on manycore systems. This is in contrast with the status quo which employs a reactive approach, \emph{e.g.} congestion control mechanisms are activated only when resources have been exhausted. We present a core stateless optimization approach based on open loop end-point throttling, implemented for two UPC runtimes (Cray and Berkeley UPC) and validated on InfiniBand and the Cray Gemini networks. Microbenchmark results indicate that throttling the number of messages in flight per core can provide up to 4X performance improvements, while throttling the number of active cores per node can provide additional 40\% and 6X performance improvement for UPC and MPI respectively. We evaluate inline (each task makes independent decisions) and proxy (server) congestion avoidance designs. Our runtime provides both performance and performance portability. We improve all-to-all collective performance by up to 4X and provide better performance than vendor provided MPI and UPC implementations. We also demonstrate performance improvements of up to 60\% in application settings. Overall, our results indicate that modern systems accommodate only a surprisingly small number of messages in flight per node. As Exascale projections indicate that future systems are likely to contain hundreds to thousands of cores per node, we believe that their networks will be underprovisioned. In this situation, proactive congestion avoidance might become mandatory for performance improvement and portability.
19F‐MRI in vivo determination of the partial oxygen pressure in perfluorocarbon‐loaded alginate capsules implanted into the peritoneal cavity and different tissues (1999)

Semipermeable hydrogels formed with a biocompatible alginate solution and Ba2+ ions protect encapsulated cells and tissues from a foreign immune system. For the viability and metabolic activity of the encapsulated materials, a sufficient oxygen supply inside the capsules is necessary. Quantitative 19F-MRI was performed on perfluorocarbon-loaded alginate capsules implanted into the peritoneal cavity, the musculus quadriceps femoris, and beneath the kidney capsule of rats, in order to determine in vivo the partial oxygen pressure (pO2) inside the capsules at these implantation sites. The temporal behavior of the pO2 values was observed for at least 3 months. The most stable values over time were observed in the kidney, where inter-rat pO2 differences were considerable. In the muscle, the values were very high directly after implantation and decreased to nearly zero after 2 weeks. In the peritoneal cavity, values changed randomly over a wide range between different rats and over time. Magn Reson Med 42:1039–1047, 1999. © 1999 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Increasing dose gradient and uniformity in small fields using modulation: Theory and prototypes for cone-based stereotactic radiosurgery (2014)

Using modulation with features on a submillimeter distance scale, it is possible to increase the dose gradient and/or uniformity in small fields.
The role of the Na+/H+ exchange system in cardiac cells in relation to the control of the internal Na+ concentration. A molecular basis for the antagonistic effect of ouabain and amiloride on the heart. (1984)

Cardiac cells in culture (from rat and chick heart) have a membrane Na+/H+ exchange system that is inhibited by amiloride (K0.5 = 5 microM) and by its more potent N-5-disubstituted derivatives dimethylamiloride (K0.5 = 300 nM) and ethylisopropylamiloride (K0.5 = 30 nM). The properties of the cardiac Na+/H+ exchange system are similar to those found for the Na+/H+ exchanger in other cellular types. The Na+/H+ exchange system is a major pathway for Na+ uptake by cardiac cells. Ouabain which inhibits the (Na+,K+)-ATPase, a major pathway for Na+ efflux, is known to provoke Na+ accumulation and to stimulate 45Ca2+ entry via the Na+/Ca2+ exchange mechanism, thereby producing an inotropic effect. N-5-Disubstituted amiloride derivatives, by blocking Na+ entry into cardiac cells, antagonize both ouabain-induced intracellular Na+ accumulation and the ouabain-induced acceleration of 45Ca2+ uptake.
Hermitian Polynomial for Speaker Adaptation of Connectionist Speech Recognition Systems (2013)

Model adaptation techniques are an efficient way to reduce the mismatch that typically occurs between the training and test condition of any automatic speech recognition (ASR) system. This work addresses the problem of increased degradation in performance when moving from speaker-dependent (SD) to speaker-independent (SI) conditions for connectionist (or hybrid) hidden Markov model/artificial neural network (HMM/ANN) systems in the context of large vocabulary continuous speech recognition (LVCSR). Adapting hybrid HMM/ANN systems on a small amount of adaptation data has been proven to be a difficult task, and has been a limiting factor in the widespread deployment of hybrid techniques in operational ASR systems. Addressing the crucial issue of speaker adaptation (SA) for hybrid HMM/ANN system can thereby have a great impact on the connectionist paradigm, which will play a major role in the design of next-generation LVCSR considering the great success reported by deep neural networks - ANNs with many hidden layers that adopts the pre-training technique - on many speech tasks. Current adaptation techniques for ANNs based on injecting an adaptable linear transformation network connected to either the input, or the output layer are not effective especially with a small amount of adaptation data, e.g., a single adaptation utterance. In this paper, a novel solution is proposed to overcome those limits and make it robust to scarce adaptation resources. The key idea is to adapt the hidden activation functions rather than the network weights. The adoption of Hermitian activation functions makes this possible. Experimental results on an LVCSR task demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed approach.
[Acute meningitidis, acute phase proteins and procalcitonin]. (2003)

The prognosis of bacterial meningitis is critically dependent on a rapid causal diagnosis and implementation of an accurate treatment. However, clinical and biological parameters available within the few hours that follow the patient's admission are not reliable enough, except when bacteria are to be found in cerebrospinal fluid under the microscope. Therefore, the initial treatment of acute meningitis is still most of time presumptive so that the definitive diagnosis, however difficult, is often established when the therapeutic management has already been initiated. The use of biological markers, especially lymphokines and acute-phase proteins, has been proposed to facilitate the accuracy of the initial diagnosis. Today, C-reactive protein (CRP) is the most widely used inflammatory marker in emergency departments with aim to discriminate bacterial from viral infections. In 1998, Gerdes et al. published a meta-analysis from 35 studies questioning the usefulness of CRP in discriminating bacterial meningitis from viral meningitis. They outlined that the majority of authors proposed to use this inflammation marker as an additional tool for discriminating bacterial meningitis from viral meningitis, without having evaluated its independent contribution relative to other parameters such as white blood cell count, cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) white cell count, protein or glucose. Procalcitonin (PCT) is an acute-phase protein with faster kinetics than CRP, its concentration in serum rising within the few hours that follow the inception of a bacterial infection. Two French studies published in 1997 and 1998 have shown that, using a cut-off range of 0.5 through 2 ng/mL, the sensitivity and specificity of PCT were 100% in discriminating bacterial meningitis from viral meningitis. Some of the seven studies published since seemed to demonstrate the usefulness of PCT in diagnosing meningitis. Finally, PCT was used effectively to shorten unnecessary antibiotic treatment for children seen in an hospital in Paris (France) during summer 2000.
<title>Antipersonnel mine detection by using polarimetric microwave imaging</title> (1995)

Microwave imaging has recently been presented as a promising technique for detecting buried and foliage-obscured objects. In preparation of a project for the detection of anti-personnel mines (APMs), first test measurements have been performed at the European Microwave Signature Laboratory (EMSL), which is a measurement system based on an ultrawide bandwidth polarimetric SAR. The followed approach for the detection of small plastic mines together with some examples of the resulting radar images are presented in this paper.
A Simple, Efficient, Green, Cost Effective and Chemoselective Process for the Esterification of Carboxylic Acids (2009)

Carboxylic acids have been esterified under mild and solvent-free conditions in high yield and purity using the green reagents, dimethyl carbonate and diethyl carbonate, under acid catalysis. The present methodology is free of the disadvantages of base catalysis described earlier, such as high temperatures, use of autoclaves, use of the expensive DBU as base in stoichiometric amounts and the carbonate as solvent. High chemoselectivity is observed in the case of hydroxybenzoic acids.
Achievement of exceptionally high mobilities in modulation-doped Ga1−<i>x</i>In<i>x</i>As on InP using a stress compensated structure (1990)

We report in this paper the achievement of unprecedented high mobilities of 15 200 and 123 000 cm2/V s with carrier concentrations of 1.84×1012 and 1.81×1012 cm−2 at 300 and 77 K, respectively, through the use of a novel channel design utilizing oppositely strained layers with x=0.25 and 0.80 in Ga1−xInxAs. We have shown experimentally that the critical layer thickness for highly strained Ga1−xInxAs can be effectively enhanced by using such stress compensated structure. This novel modulation-doped heterostructure with very high electron mobility should find important implications in very high speed electronics.
The review of information management planning during SAAP IV (2004)

In late 2003, as part of the SAAP IV National Evaluation, the Department of Family and Community Services (FaCS), on behalf of the SAAP National Co-ordination and Development Committee (CAD), contracted RPR Consulting to review Information Management Planning in SAAP IV. The review encompassed a review of the SAAP National Data Collection (NDC) and the SAAP IV Information Management Plan (IMP). We were asked to report on the effectiveness of both the NDC and the IMP in meeting the data and information needs of stakeholders and to suggest future directions for information management to address homelessness issues nationally.
Efficient and Robust Specular Highlight Removal (2014)

A robust and effective specular highlight removal method is proposed in this paper. It is based on a key observation-the maximum fraction of the diffuse colour component in diffuse local patches in colour images changes smoothly. The specular pixels can thus be treated as noise in this case. This property allows the specular highlights to be removed in an image denoising fashion: an edge-preserving low-pass filter (e.g., the bilateral filter) can be used to smooth the maximum fraction of the colour components of the original image to remove the noise contributed by the specular pixels. Recent developments in fast bilateral filtering techniques enable the proposed method to run over 200× faster than state-of-the-art techniques on a standard CPU and differentiates it from previous work.
Solvent structure in crystals of trypsin determined by X‐ray and neutron diffraction (1992)

The solvent structure in orthorhombic crystals of bovine trypsin has been independently determined by X-ray diffraction to 1.35 A resolution and by neutron diffraction to 2.1 A resolution. A consensus model of the water molecule positions was obtained using oxygen positions identified in the electron density map determined by X-ray diffraction, which were verified by comparison to D2O-H2O difference neutron scattering density. Six of 184 water molecules in the X-ray structure, all with B-factors greater than 50 A2, were found to be spurious after comparison with neutron results. Roughly two-thirds of the water of hydration expected from thermodynamic data for proteins was localized by neutron diffraction; approximately one-half of the water of hydration was located by X-ray diffraction. Polar regions of the protein are well hydrated, and significant D2O-H2O difference density is seen for a small number of water molecules in a second shell of hydration. Hydrogen bond lengths and angles calculated from unconstrained refinement of water positions are distributed about values typically seen in small molecule structures. Solvent models found in seven other bovine trypsin and trypsinogen and rat trypsin structures determined by X-ray diffraction were compared. Internal water molecules are well conserved in all trypsin structures including anionic rat trypsin, which is 65% homologous to bovine trypsin. Of the 22 conserved waters in trypsin, 19 were also found in trypsinogen, suggesting that they are located in regions of the apoprotein that are structurally conserved in the transition to the mature protein. Seven waters were displaced upon activation of trypsinogen. Water structure at crystal contacts is not generally conserved in different crystal forms. Three groups of integral structural water molecules are highly conserved in all solvent structures, including a spline of water molecules inserted between two beta-strands, which may resemble an intermediate in the formation of beta sheets during the folding of a protein.