gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
New acetylenic alcohols from the sponge Cribrochalina vasculum (1990)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTNew acetylenic alcohols from the sponge Cribrochalina vasculumSarath P. Gunasekera and Glynn T. FairclothCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1990, 55, 25, 6223–6225Publication Date (Print):December 1, 1990Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 December 1990https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo00312a035https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00312a035research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views171Altmetric-Citations45LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (1)»Supporting Information Supporting Information Get e-Alerts
Ceramic Processing Of High-T c Superconductors (1988)

The means by which superconducting YBa<sub>2</sub>Cu<sub>3</sub>0<sub>7-x</sub> powders can be synthesized are summarized. Methods of forming powders into useful shapes are then described. Lastly, heat treatment schedules used for consolidation of the powders into dense, sound bodies with good superconducting properties are discussed.
Modular Strategy To Expand the Chemical Diversity of DNA and Sequence-Controlled Polymers (2018)

Sequence-defined polymers with customizable sequences, monodispersity, substantial length, and large chemical diversity are of great interest to mimic the efficiency and selectivity of biopolymers. We report an efficient, facile, and scalable synthetic route to introduce many chemical functionalities, such as amino acids and sugars in nucleic acids and sequence-controlled oligophosphodiesters. Through achiral tertiary amine molecules that are perfectly compatible with automated DNA synthesis, readily available amines or azides can be turned into phosphoramidites in two steps only. Individual attachment yields on nucleic acids and artificial oligophosphodiesters using automated solid-phase synthesis (SPS) were >90% in almost all cases. Using this method, multiple water-soluble sequence-defined oligomers bearing a range of functional groups in precise sequences could be synthesized and purified in high yields. The method described herein significantly expands the library of available functionalities for nucleic acids and sequence-controlled polymers.
Attenuated Total Reflectance-FT-IR Spectroscopy for Gunshot Residue Analysis: Potential for Ammunition Determination (2013)

The ability to link a suspect to a particular shooting incident is a principal task for many forensic investigators. Here, we attempt to achieve this goal by analysis of gunshot residue (GSR) through the use of attenuated total reflectance (ATR) Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) combined with statistical analysis. The firearm discharge process is analogous to a complex chemical process. Therefore, the products of this process (GSR) will vary based upon numerous factors, including the specific combination of the firearm and ammunition which was discharged. Differentiation of FT-IR data, collected from GSR particles originating from three different firearm-ammunition combinations (0.38 in., 0.40 in., and 9 mm calibers), was achieved using projection to latent structures discriminant analysis (PLS-DA). The technique was cross (leave-one-out), both internally and externally, validated. External validation was achieved via assignment (caliber identification) of unknown FT-IR spectra from unknown GSR particles. The results demonstrate great potential for ATR-FT-IR spectroscopic analysis of GSR for forensic purposes.
A fully planar heterojunction bipolar transistor (1986)

A fully planar heterojunction bipolar transistor (HBT) in the normal emitter-up configuration is reported. The process utilizes a two-step epitaxial deposition with an intervening selective ion implant of bases. A process is described, the aluminum lift-off (ALL) process, with which refractory metal contacts have been used. Large test devices fabricated have dc gains of β = 600.
The Strongly-Coupled Resonator Triplet (2018)

This paper introduces an innovative structure, namely the strongly-coupled resonator triplet (SCRT), which is suitable for the realization of compact pseudoelliptic evanescent mode filters with inline configuration. The SCRT can be seen as the combination of a strongly-coupled resonator pair (SCRP) and a third resonator next to the pair. Compared to the SCRP, which at the passband frequencies generates a pole and a transmission zero, the new SCRT is capable of generating an additional passband pole, thus leading to the design of more compact inline filters. Similarly to the SCRP, the basic structure for filter design purposes is obtained by embedding the SCRT between two outer resonators. The coupling mechanisms and functional properties of this basic structure are explained and validated by the experimental results of a manufactured prototype.
Modification of the avian coronavirus infectious bronchitis virus for vaccine development (2012)

Infectious bronchitis virus (IBV) causes an infectious respiratory disease of domestic fowl that affects poultry of all ages causing economic problems for the poultry industry worldwide. Although IBV is controlled using live attenuated and inactivated vaccines it continues to be a major problem due to the existence of many serotypes, determined by the surface spike protein resulting in poor cross-protection, and loss of immunogenicity associated with vaccine production. Live attenuated IBV vaccines are produced by the repeated passage in embryonated eggs resulting in spontaneous mutations. As a consequence attenuated viruses have only a few mutations responsible for the loss of virulence, which will differ between vaccines affecting virulence and/or immunogenicity and can revert to virulence. A new generation of vaccines is called for and one means of controlling IBV involves the development of new and safer vaccines by precisely modifying the IBV genome using reverse genetics for the production of rationally attenuated IBVs in order to obtain an optimum balance between loss of virulence and capacity to induce immunity.
4-D Image Mapping Spectrometer (IMS) with structured illumination (2011)

We present a 4-D (x, y, z, λ) Image Mapping Spectrometer with structured illumination. Depth resolved fluorescence 48 (~ 5 nm sampling) spectral channel images of thick biological tissues were acquired with axial resolution of ~ 1 μm. This is the first demonstration of snapshot hyperspectral imaging technique IMS with capability of optical sectioning.
A review on the applications of nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) in the oil and gas industry: laboratory and field-scale measurements (2022)

Abstract This review presents the latest update, applications, techniques of the NMR tools in both laboratory and field scales in the oil and gas upstream industry. The applications of NMR in the laboratory scale were thoroughly reviewed and summarized such as porosity, pores size distribution, permeability, saturations, capillary pressure, and wettability. NMR is an emerging tool to evaluate the improved oil recovery techniques, and it was found to be better than the current techniques used for screening, evaluation, and assessment. For example, NMR can define the recovery of oil/gas from the different pore systems in the rocks compared to other macroscopic techniques that only assess the bulk recovery. This manuscript included different applications for the NMR in enhanced oil recovery research. Also, NMR can be used to evaluate the damage potential of drilling, completion, and production fluids laboratory and field scales. Currently, NMR is used to evaluate the emulsion droplet size and its behavior in the pore space in different applications such as enhanced oil recovery, drilling, completion, etc. NMR tools in the laboratory and field scales can be used to assess the unconventional gas resources and NMR showed a very good potential for exploration and production advancement in unconventional gas fields compared to other tools. Field applications of NMR during exploration and drilling such as logging while drilling, geosteering, etc., were reviewed as well. Finally, the future and potential research directions of NMR tools were introduced which include the application of multi-dimensional NMR and the enhancement of the signal-to-noise ratio of the collected data during the logging while drilling operations.
Enabling OSPFv3 MANET extensions over IPv4 encryptors (2008)

Extensions for OSPF in a Mobile Ad-hoc Environment have been developed by the OSPF IETF working group. These extensions are emerging as effective routing solutions for tactical edge networks. However, these extensions have been designed and implemented for IPv6 routing, namely OSPFv3, so OSPFv3 is not directly applicable to IPv4 networks. Fortunately, the OSPF working group has also proposed an address family extension which allows OSPFv3 to operate in IPv4 networks. The address family extension assumes that the physical interface supports both IPv4 and IPv6 natively. Nevertheless, this assumption is not valid for the security tunneling interfaces across some IP encryptors. In this paper, we propose a novel solution which enables OSPFv3 MANET extensions to operate over various IP encryptors. Our approach is a modular approach and leverages widely deployed automatic tunneling mechanism, i.e., ISATAP (Intra-Site Automatic Tunnel Addressing Protocol). We demonstrate that our approach can provide a unified routing solution for both IPv4 and IPv6 across various IP encryptors.
Synthesis and Characterization of Organosilicon Sheet and Tube Polymers (2001)

The synthesis and characterization of some organosilicon sheet and tube polymers derived from silicates are described. The sheet silicates used are apophyllite (KCa4Si8O20(F,OH)·8H2O), kenyaite (Na2Si22O45·9H2O), magadiite (Na2Si14O29·7H2O), and silinaite (NaLiSi2O5·2H2O). The tube silicate used is K2CuSi4O10. The organosilicon sheet and tube polymers are made by silylation of sheet or tube silicates using a variety of nonfunctional and functional silylating agents. The formula of representative sheet and tube polymers made by silylation with trimethylchlorosilane is [((CH3)3SiO)x(HO)1-xSiO1.5]n. The alkenyl-functional sheet and tube polymers are further elaborated by using hydrosilylation. The formula of representative sheet and tube polymers made by hydrosilylation of vinyldimethylsiloxy polymers with pentamethyldisiloxane is [((CH3)3SiO(CH3)2Si(CH2)2(CH3)2SiO)x(HO)1-xSiO1.5]n. The polymers are characterized by FTIR, XRD, XPS, SEM, and solid state 29Si NMR. The characterization data demonstrate that ≈60% of the polymer surface silicon atoms carry pendent organosilicon groups, and the remaining silicon atoms carry silanol groups. These polymers are hydrophobic and they maintain the sheet or tube morphology both before and after the silylation and hydrosilylation reactions.
Novel plant virus tomato chocolate virus (2010)

The invention relates to the field of virology. The invention provides an isolated plant virus (ToCh V) named Tomato chocolate virus (ToCh V), and components thereof. The invention further relates to methods of producing a ToCh V-resistant plant comprising the steps of identifying a ToCh V-resistant donor plant, crossing said ToCh V-resistant donor plant with a recipient plant, and selecting from an offspring plant a resistant plant.
9-([2-hydroxy-1-(hydroxymethyl)ethoxy]methyl)guanine: a selective inhibitor of herpes group virus replication. (1983)

9-([2-Hydroxy-1-(hydroxymethyl)ethoxy]methyl)guanine (2'-nor-2'-deoxyguanosine; 2'NDG) selectively inhibits the replication of herpes group viruses. In cell culture studies 2'NDG was at least 10-fold more potent than acyclovir (ACV) in inhibition of human cytomegalovirus replication and Epstein-Barr virus-induced lymphocyte transformation and was about as effective as ACV in inhibition of herpes simplex viruses 1 and 2 and varicella zoster virus. Orally administered 2'NDG was 6- to 50-fold more efficacious than ACV in treating systemic or local HSV-1 infection or HSV-2 intravaginal infection in mice. The mode of action of 2'NDG appears to involve phosphorylation by herpes simplex virus thymidine kinase and subsequent phosphorylations by cellular kinases to produce 2'NDG triphosphate, which is a potent inhibitor of herpes virus DNA polymerase. Compared to ACV, 2'NDG was a more efficient substrate for HSV-1 thymidine kinase (Vmax/Km for 2'NDG 30-fold higher than that of ACV), whereas 2'NDG monophosphate is a more efficient substrate for GMP kinase (Vmax/Km for 2'NDG monophosphate 492-fold higher than that for ACV monophosphate). The combined effect is more rapid production of the inhibitory triphosphate from 2'NDG than from ACV.
Insights in Antifungal Drug Discovery (2014)

This chapter is divided into two sections. The first section focuses on clinical perspectives, especially of global candidiasis. The second section discusses antifungal drug discovery by offering two different but interacting approaches: traditional, or classical, and genomic. A large study was recently published on a 10.5-year surveillance of susceptibility of Candida species to fluconazole and voriconazole. This study reported a slight trend toward an increasing resistance, in some regions, of NAC species like Candida tropicalis and Candida parapsilosis. In human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)/AIDS patients especially, mucosal candidiasis, or oropharyngeal candidiasis (OPC), remains one of the most common types of infection throughout the world, but especially in both adult and pediatric age groups in developing countries. Information on the incidence of vulvovaginal candidiasis (VVC) is incomplete as it is not reportable. However, the estimate is that VVC caused by Candida species affects about 70 to 75% of young women of childbearing age (most frequent); 40 to 50% of these individuals will have a recurrence, and 5 to 8% will develop recurrent VVC, defined as four or more episodes per year. Systemic candidiasis and bloodstream infections (BSI) also qualify as global infectious diseases. An increased incidence of invasive candidiasis (IC), aspergillosis, and zygomycosis has been reported in tertiary care facilities in India. The currently used echinocandins (caspofungin, micafungin, and anidulafungin) are still relatively new, and studies relating to their in vivo efficacy are ongoing.
Glucose microdialysis with continuous on-board probe performance monitoring (2009)

Tightly controlling blood glucose in selected patients has been shown to significantly decrease complications such as infection, neurologic injury, and respiratory failure. Intravenous microdialysis has been used to continuously monitor glucose levels yet variable recovery may occur due to probe fouling, osmosis, and ultrafiltration. A portable microdialysis system is presented that: (1) uses retrodialysis with fluorescein to monitor probe fouling, (2) measures downstream flow rate to gauge fluid losses from ultrafiltration/osmosis, and (3) employs a wireless microcontroller to sequence the above events and record/transmit the data. In vitro glucose microdialysis is performed with a CMA Microdialysis IView catheter and Medtronic CGMS <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">reg</sup> iProtrade glucose sensor. Providing self-diagnostics can eventually lead to a medical embedded system with calibration, safety alarms, and wireless communication of blood glucose readings to a drug delivery system for closed loop control.
The technology behind the exceptional visual experience via high dynamic range (2018)

The technology behind the exceptional visual experience via high dynamic range neeraj j. gadgil, qing song, guan-ming su and samir n. hulyalkar
Phl p 3: Structural and immunological characterization of a major allergen of timothy grass pollen (2006)

The group 3 and group 2 allergens are major allergens with similar 3D structures. Although they differ considerably in their protein sequences and their pIs, they show only a slightly higher immunological reactivity for Phl p 3 on the B-cell level (conformational epitopes). But distinct differences between the sequences may influence reactivity at the T cell level.
Electrical characterization of 60Co gamma radiation-exposed InAlN/GaN high electron mobility transistors (2013)

In0.17Al0.83N/GaN high electron mobility transistors (HEMTs) were cumulatively subjected to 60Co gamma-ray irradiation doses up to 500 Mrad. Source–drain current–voltage characteristics (IDS-VDS) showed little change after lower dose gamma-ray irradiations (&lt;200 Mrad). However, the electrical properties were significantly degraded after 500 Mrad irradiations, indicating that the radiation-induced damage near the active region of the devices was severe. The saturation current level at VGS = 0 V was degraded by 48% after 500 Mrad irradiation. The effective carrier removal rate was not linear with dose, but was 0.54 × 1010 cm−2 Mrad−1 in the range from 200 to 500 Mrad. The cumulative gamma-ray irradiation of In0.17Al0.83N/GaN HEMTs caused much larger reductions in drain–source current compared to AlGaN/GaN devices exposed under the same conditions.
Process Factors for Cold-rolled Dual-phase Sheet Steels (1981)

Dual-phase structure formation in the intercritical annealing method is strongly affected by the cooling stage. Role of the cooling stage consists of1) carbon enrichment into the untransformed austenite, 2) avoidance of pearlite formation, and3) martensite and retained austenite formation.Significance of a two-stage cooling can be explained on the above basis.Employment of a rapid heating and a short-time intercritical holding produces a dual-phase steel having both a high bake-hardening and a high work-hardening characteristics. This phenomenon is supposedly related to a transient state of solute carbon partitioning in the intercritical temperature range.
Reaction Equilibria and Textile Performance from Low Formaldehyde Release Carbamate Finishing' (1989)

Durable press finishes for cottons based on carbamate agents have certain advantages over those based on other amides, including superior resistance to both acidic and alkaline hydrolysis and absence of yellowing on white goods. A disadvantage has been the tendency of these finished fabrics to release unacceptably high levels of formal dehyde in the unwashed state, a result of the equilibrium between the methylolcar bamate and the free carbamate and formaldehyde, which favors the free carbamate and formaldehyde. We have taken advantage of the stability imparted to the methylol- amide by etherification to design low formaldehyde release carbamates. We discuss the influence of reaction conditions such as temperature and pH on formaldehyde release in preparing these agents. We report on the textile performance of treated cotton, including formaldehyde release, for fabrics finished with the low formaldehyde release carbamates, and we compare this to a finish from dimethyloldihydroxyeth yleneurea.
Predicting the Impact of Heterogeneity on Unmanned-Vehicle Team Performance (2008)

Several recent studies have addressed the possible impact of using highly autonomous platforms to invert today's multiple-operators-per-single-unmanned-vehicle control paradigm. These studies, however, have generally focused on homogeneous vehicle teams and have not addressed the potential effects of vehicle, capability, or mission type heterogeneity on operator control capacity. Important implications of heterogeneous unmanned teams include increases in the diversity of potential team configurations, as well as the diversity of possible attention allocation strategies that may be utilized by operators in managing a given vehicle team. This paper presents preliminary findings from a modeling and simulation effort exploring the impact of heterogeneity on the supervisory control of unmanned vehicle teams. Results from a discrete event simulation study suggest that performance costs of team heterogeneity are highly dependent on resultant changes in operator utilization. Heterogeneous teams that result in lower overall operator utilization may lead to improved performance under certain operator control strategies.
Adipose T cell microRNAs influence the T cell expansion, microbiome and macrophage function during obesity (2018)

Abstract Obesity is a global health problem that has reached epidemic proportions and the World Health Organization (WHO) estimates 500 million adults are obese. Obesity facilitates the development and progression of metabolic disorder diseases. Extensive evidence suggests that composition of the intestinal microbiota can influence susceptibility to obesity. T helper cells and macrophage in adipose tissue (AT) are strongly linked to the initiation of obesity-associated chronic inflammation. In this study, we investigated how high fat diet (HFD) impacts homeostatic expansion of T cells, adipose T cell microRNAs (miRs), macrophage and the intestinal microbiota during obesity. HFD consumption alters the body weight, fat mass and lean mass of mice as compared with a normal diet (ND). HFD also increases the homeostatic expansion of T cells in the epididymal AT as compared with a ND. Epididymal AT in mice fed a HFD exhibited significant downregulation of miR-10a, miR-125b, and miR-1247 when compared to mice fed a ND. These obesity-induced changes in miRs were validated by RT-PCR analysis. Pathways analysis also validated that downregulated miRs and gene target mRNAs are associated with T cells homeostatic expansion and macrophage function. We also noticed striking changes in microbial composition of firmicutes, bacteriodates, and ruminococeae during consumption of HFD as compared to ND. Taken together, these results indicate that HFD modulates AT miRs and intestinal microbiome to induce T cells homeostatic expansion and changes in macrophage function to sustain inflammation. This study supports a key role of AT miRs in mediating chronic inflammation during HFD induced obesity.
Driver Fatigue/Inattention Monitoring Device: An Integrated System for Heavy Trucks (2005)

The National Transportation Safety Board has reported statistics which indicate that 31% of all fatal-to-the-truck driver accidents occur due to fatigue/inattention [1] and 58% of all single-vehicle large truck crashes were also fatigue related [2]. If these numbers can be reduced, many lives can be saved. A Driver Fatigue Monitoring System has been designed and built to monitor whether a driver is sleeping or inattentive. This integrated system monitors the steering input behavior of the driver during a specified period of time. If the number of steering inputs is below the expected predetermined threshold, the system activates an audible alarm and light in the cab, waking the driver. Furthermore, this system can deactivate cruise control as well as activate various other preprogrammed truck systems or components to further aid in the control of the truck and to alert nearby motorists.