gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Modeling Hint-Taking Behavior and Knowledge State of Students with Multi-Task Learning (2018)

Interactive learning environments facilitate learning by providing hints to fill gaps in the understanding of a concept. Studies suggest that hints are not used optimally by learners. Either they are used unnecessarily or not used at all. It has been shown that learning outcomes can be improved by providing hints when needed. An effective hint-taking prediction model can be used by learning environments to make adaptive decisions on whether to withhold or to pro-actively provide hints. Past work on student behavior modeling has focused extensively on the task of modeling a learner's state of knowledge over time, referred to as knowledge tracing. Other aspects of student behavior such as tendency to use hints has garnered limited attention. Past knowledge tracing models either ignore the questions where hints were taken or label hints taken as an incorrect response. We propose a multi-task memory-augmented deep learning model to jointly predict propensity of taking a hint and the knowledge tracing task. The model incorporates the effect of past responses as well as hints taken on both the tasks. We apply the model on two datasets -- ASSISTments 2009-10 skill builder dataset and Junyi Academy Math Practicing Log. The results show that deep learning models efficiently leverage the sequential information present in student responses. The proposed model significantly out-performs the past work on hint prediction by at least 12% points. Moreover, we demonstrate that jointly modeling the two tasks improves performance on both of these.
A humanized anti-CD26 monoclonal antibody inhibits cell growth of malignant mesothelioma via retarded G2/M cell cycle transition (2016)

This is a first report of a novel anti-proliferative mechanism of the humanized anti-CD26 monoclonal antibody YS110, which resulted in G2/M cell cycle delay through regulation of quantity and activity of various cell cycle regulating molecules.
New chemically pumped I(<sup>2</sup>P 1/2 →<sup>2</sup>P 3/2 ) laser at 1.315 μm (2001)

CW laser action has been demonstrated on the electronic I* (2P1/2) ? I (2P3/2) transition of atomic iodine at 1 .3 15 ?m from the NC! (a1Æ) + I (2P 3/2) energy transfer reaction. The stimulated emission was generated in a transverse subsonic flow device when hydrogen azide, HN3, was injected into a flow of iodine and chlorine atoms. The measured laser output power was 180 mW.
Reaction Conditions for the Production of<i>γ</i>-Cyclodextrin by Cyclodextrin Glucanotransferase from<i>Brevibacterium</i>sp. No. 9605 (1995)

Journal Article Reaction Conditions for the Production of γ-Cyclodextrin by Cyclodextrin Glucanotransferase from Brevibacterium sp. No. 9605 Get access Shigeharu Mori, Shigeharu Mori Amano Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., 51 Kunotsubo, Nishiharu-cho, Nishikasugai-gun, Aichi 481, Japan Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Masataka Goto, Masataka Goto Amano Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., 51 Kunotsubo, Nishiharu-cho, Nishikasugai-gun, Aichi 481, Japan Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Tamio Mase, Tamio Mase Amano Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., 51 Kunotsubo, Nishiharu-cho, Nishikasugai-gun, Aichi 481, Japan Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Akira Matsuura, Akira Matsuura Amano Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., 51 Kunotsubo, Nishiharu-cho, Nishikasugai-gun, Aichi 481, Japan Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Takaichi Ova, Takaichi Ova Amano Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., 51 Kunotsubo, Nishiharu-cho, Nishikasugai-gun, Aichi 481, Japan Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Sumio Kitahata Sumio Kitahata Amano Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., 51 Kunotsubo, Nishiharu-cho, Nishikasugai-gun, Aichi 481, JapanOsaka Municipal Technical Research Institute, 1–6–50 Morinomiya, Jyoto-ku, Osaka 536, Japan Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Bioscience, Biotechnology, and Biochemistry, Volume 59, Issue 6, 1 January 1995, Pages 1012–1015, https://doi.org/10.1271/bbb.59.1012 Published: 01 January 1995 Article history Received: 08 August 1994 Published: 01 January 1995
EVALUATION OF DUAL-SPECTRUM IR SPECTROGRAM SYSTEM ON INVASIVE DUCTAL CARCINOMA (IDC) BREAST CANCER (2011)

Invasive Ductal Carcinoma (IDC) is one of the most frequently diagnosed breast cancers. IDC accounts for about 8 out of 10 of all invasive breast cancers. While early detection of breast cancer is essential for the reduction of death rate, there may be already more than 10 7 cells in a breast cancer when it can be observed by X-ray mammogram. In contrast, the passive IR spectrogram proposed by Szu et al. was shown to be promising in detecting breast cancers several months ahead of mammogram. With energy readings from two IR cameras, middle wavelength IR (MIR, 3–5 μm) and long wavelength IR (LIR, 8–12 μm), dual-spectrum IR (DS-IR) spectrogram may be computed by using the deterministic neighborhood-based blind source separation algorithm developed by Szu et al.. 4–7 To evaluate the performance of the DS-IR spectrogram on detection of IDC, a DS-IR spectrogram hardware system is built and a sub-pixel super-resolution registration is developed to implement the deterministic neighborhood-based blind source separation algorithm. Clinical tests have been carried out with the approval of Institutional Review Board of National Taiwan University Hospital. From August 2007 to June 2008, 35 patients aged between 30–66 (average age 49) with IDC breast cancers were recruited in this project. The results demonstrate that 62.86% of success rate for IDC detection may be achieved with the cross-sectional data. Longitudinal study shows that breast cancers may be detected more accurately by cross-referencing s 1 maps of multiple time-points.
Automatic relationship discovery in self-managing database systems (2004)

In this paper, we describe CORDS, an algorithm that automatically discovers correlations and soft functional dependencies (FDs) between pairs of columns and, based on these relationships, determines a set of statistics to maintain. This data-driven technology is an essential complement to query-driven approaches such as LEO, helping to ensure acceptable performance during slow learning periods. CORDS focuses on column pairs because this greatly simplifies the algorithms, and experiments have shown that the marginal benefit of capturing n-way dependencies for n > 2 is relatively small.
Validation of a Salivary RNA Test for Childhood Autism Spectrum Disorder (2018)

<b>Background:</b> The diagnosis of autism spectrum disorder (ASD) relies on behavioral assessment. Efforts to define biomarkers of ASD have not resulted in an objective, reliable test. Studies of RNA levels in ASD have demonstrated potential utility, but have been limited by a focus on single RNA types, small sample sizes, and lack of developmental delay controls. We hypothesized that a saliva-based poly-"omic" RNA panel could objectively distinguish children with ASD from their neurotypical peers and children with non-ASD developmental delay. <b>Methods:</b> This multi-center cross-sectional study included 456 children, ages 19-83 months. Children were either neurotypical (<i>n</i> = 134) or had a diagnosis of ASD (<i>n</i> = 238), or non-ASD developmental delay (<i>n</i> = 84). Comprehensive human and microbial RNA abundance was measured in the saliva of all participants using unbiased next generation sequencing. Prior to analysis, the sample was randomly divided into a training set (82% of subjects) and an independent validation test set (18% of subjects). The training set was used to develop an RNA-based algorithm that distinguished ASD and non-ASD children. The validation set was not used in model development (feature selection or training) but served only to validate empirical accuracy. <b>Results:</b> In the training set (<i>n</i> = 372; mean age 51 months; 75% male; 51% ASD), a set of 32 RNA features (controlled for demographic and medical characteristics), identified ASD status with a cross-validated area under the curve (AUC) of 0.87 (95% CI: 0.86-0.88). In the completely separate validation test set (<i>n</i> = 84; mean age 50 months; 85% male; 60% ASD), the algorithm maintained an AUC of 0.88 (82% sensitivity and 88% specificity). Notably, the RNA features were implicated in physiologic processes related to ASD (axon guidance, neurotrophic signaling). <b>Conclusion:</b> Salivary poly-omic RNA measurement represents a novel, non-invasive approach that can accurately identify children with ASD. This technology could improve the specificity of referrals for ASD evaluation or provide objective support for ASD diagnoses.
Rapidly Polymerized Collagen Gel as a Smoothing Agent in Excimer Laser Photoablation (1995)

The rapidly gelling collagen solution appears to exhibit the functional properties required for an effective smoothing agent for excimer laser photoablation. The substance has low viscosity when applied to the corneal surface and forms a rigid gel when exposed to cationic buffer solution. In addition, the concentration of the collagen gel can be adjusted to provide different ablation rates.
A continuous-time speech enhancement front-end for microphone inputs (2003)

In this paper, we propose a real-time noise suppression system implemented with analog VLSI. The algorithm implemented is designed to reduce stationary background noise while preserving the non-stationary signal component. Because the system relies on analog computation rather than digital, it has benefits such as extremely low power consumption and real-time computation. The algorithm is based on digital signal processing foundations that are slightly adjusted for use in the continuous-time domain. The analog components described as part of this system include a C/sup 4/ second-order section bandpass filter, peak and minimum detectors, a translinear division circuit, and a differential multiplier. Floating-gate circuits are used to set bias points and adjust offsets.
Evidence That Histidine Protonation of Receptor-Bound Anthrax Protective Antigen Is a Trigger for Pore Formation (2010)

The protective antigen (PA) component of the anthrax toxin forms pores within the low pH environment of host endosomes through mechanisms that are poorly understood. It has been proposed that pore formation is dependent on histidine protonation. In previous work, we biosynthetically incorporated 2-fluorohistidine (2-FHis), an isosteric analogue of histidine with a significantly reduced pK(a) ( approximately 1), into PA and showed that the pH-dependent conversion from the soluble prepore to a pore was unchanged. However, we also observed that 2-FHisPA was nonfunctional in the ability to mediate cytotoxicity of CHO-K1 cells by LF(N)-DTA and was defective in translocation through planar lipid bilayers. Here, we show that the defect in cytotoxicity is due to both a defect in translocation and, when bound to the host cellular receptor, an inability to undergo low pH-induced pore formation. Combining X-ray crystallography with hydrogen-deuterium (H-D) exchange mass spectrometry, our studies lead to a model in which hydrogen bonds to the histidine ring are strengthened by receptor binding. The combination of both fluorination and receptor binding is sufficient to block low pH-induced pore formation.
p21-activated Kinase Regulates Endothelial Permeability through Modulation of Contractility (2004)

Endothelial cells lining the vasculature have close cell-cell associations that maintain separation of the blood fluid compartment from surrounding tissues. Permeability is regulated by a variety of growth factors and cytokines and plays a role in numerous physiological and pathological processes. We examined a potential role for the p21-activated kinase (PAK) in the regulation of vascular permeability. In both bovine aortic and human umbilical vein endothelial cells, PAK is phosphorylated on Ser141 during the activation downstream of Rac, and the phosphorylated subfraction translocates to endothelial cell-cell junctions in response to serum, VEGF, bFGF, TNFalpha, histamine, and thrombin. Blocking PAK activation or translocation prevents the increase in permeability across the cell monolayer in response to these factors. Permeability correlates with myosin phosphorylation, formation of actin stress fibers, and the appearance of paracellular pores. Inhibition of myosin phosphorylation blocks the increase in permeability. These data suggest that PAK is a central regulator of endothelial permeability induced by multiple growth factors and cytokines via an effect on cell contractility. PAK may therefore be a suitable drug target for the treatment of pathological conditions where vascular leak is a contributing factor, such as ischemia and inflammation.
Metal Alloy Compositions And Process Background Of The Invention (2003)

A skinless metal alloy composition free of entrapped gas and comprising primary solid discrete degenerate dendrites homogeneously dispersed within a secondary phase is formed by a process wherein the metal alloy is heated in a vessel to render it a liquid. The liquid is then rapidly cooled while vigorously agitating it under conditions to avoid entrapment of gas while forming solid nuclei homogeneously distributed in the liquid. Agitation then is ceased when the liquid contains a small fraction solid or the liquid-solid alloy is removed from the source of agitation while cooling is continued to form the primary solid discrete degenerate dendrites in liquid secondary phase. The solid-liquid mixture then can be formed such as by casting.
Sequentially encoded data structures that support bidirectional scanning (1974)

article Sequentially encoded data structures that support bidirectional scanning Share on Author: Robert J. Lechner Honeywell Information Systems Incorporated, Billerica, Massachusetts Honeywell Information Systems Incorporated, Billerica, MassachusettsView Profile Authors Info & Claims ACM SIGARCH Computer Architecture NewsVolume 3Issue 4December 1974 pp 188–194https://doi.org/10.1145/641675.642121Published:01 December 1974 0citation233DownloadsMetricsTotal Citations0Total Downloads233Last 12 Months0Last 6 weeks0 Get Citation AlertsNew Citation Alert added!This alert has been successfully added and will be sent to:You will be notified whenever a record that you have chosen has been cited.To manage your alert preferences, click on the button below.Manage my AlertsNew Citation Alert!Please log in to your account Save to BinderSave to BinderCreate a New BinderNameCancelCreateExport CitationPublisher SiteGet Access
Malaria-Infected Mice Are Cured by a Single Dose of Novel Artemisinin Derivatives (2007)

We disclose here for the first time the curative activity of a new generation of trioxane dimers, designed logically and prepared easily from the natural trioxane artemisinin in only four or five chemical steps that would be easily accomplished also on a manufacturing scale. Four of these trioxane dimers cure malaria-infected mice after only a single subcutaneous dose, and two other dimers cure after three oral doses.
Establishment and Assessment of a New Human Embryonic Stem Cell‐Based Biomarker Assay for Developmental Toxicity Screening (2013)

A metabolic biomarker-based in vitro assay utilizing human embryonic stem (hES) cells was developed to identify the concentration of test compounds that perturbs cellular metabolism in a manner indicative of teratogenicity. This assay is designed to aid the early discovery-phase detection of potential human developmental toxicants. In this study, metabolomic data from hES cell culture media were used to assess potential biomarkers for development of a rapid in vitro teratogenicity assay. hES cells were treated with pharmaceuticals of known human teratogenicity at a concentration equivalent to their published human peak therapeutic plasma concentration. Two metabolite biomarkers (ornithine and cystine) were identified as indicators of developmental toxicity. A targeted exposure-based biomarker assay using these metabolites, along with a cytotoxicity endpoint, was then developed using a 9-point dose-response curve. The predictivity of the new assay was evaluated using a separate set of test compounds. To illustrate how the assay could be applied to compounds of unknown potential for developmental toxicity, an additional 10 compounds were evaluated that do not have data on human exposure during pregnancy, but have shown positive results in animal developmental toxicity studies. The new assay identified the potential developmental toxicants in the test set with 77% accuracy (57% sensitivity, 100% specificity). The assay had a high concordance (≥75%) with existing in vivo models, demonstrating that the new assay can predict the developmental toxicity potential of new compounds as part of discovery phase testing and provide a signal as to the likely outcome of required in vivo tests.
Three-dimensional testicular organoid: a novel tool for the study of human spermatogenesis and gonadotoxicity in vitro† (2017)

Existing methods for evaluating the potential gonadotoxicity of environmental agents and pharmaceutical compounds rely heavily on animal studies. The current gold standard in vivo functional assays in animals are limited in their human predictive capacity. In addition, existing human two-dimensional in vitro models of testicular toxicity do not accurately reflect the in vivo situation. A more reliable testicular in vitro model system is needed to better assess the gonadotoxic potential of drugs prior to progression into clinical trials. The overall goal of this study was to develop a three-dimensional (3D) in vitro human testis organoid culture system for use as both a predictive first tier drug-screening tool and as a model of human testicular function. Multicellular human testicular organoids composed of Spermatogonial Stem Cells, Sertoli, Leydig and peritubular cells were created and evaluated over time for morphology, viability, androgen production and ability to support germ cell differentiation. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay measurements confirmed that the organoids produced testosterone continuously with and without hCG stimulation. Upregulation of postmeiotic genes including PRM1 and Acrosin, detected by quantitative-PCR, digital PCR and Immunofluorescence, indicated the transition of a small percentage of diploid to haploid germ cells. As a novel screening tool for reproductive toxicity, 3D organoids were exposed to four chemotherapeutic drugs, and they responded in a dose-dependent manner and maintained IC50 values significantly higher than 2D cultures. This 3D human testis organoid system has the potential to be used as a novel testicular toxicity-screening tool and in vitro model for human spermatogenesis.
Aggregation Pheromone of <i>Carpophilus lugubris</i> (1991)

The existence of a male-produced aggregation pheromone in the nitidulid beetle, Carpophilus lugubris Murray, was demonstrated using a wind tunnel (flight) bioassay. The pheromone attracts both sexes. It was obtained by trapping volatiles from feeding beetles. The key purification step was HPLC on a silver-nitrate coated silica column. Based on the mass and ultraviolet spectra of the pheromone, the mass spectra of the hydrogenated derivatives, and knowledge of the pheromone of a related nitidulid, four synthetic compounds were prepared as pheromone candidates. One of these, (2E,4E,6E,8E)-7-ethyl-3,5-dimethyl-2,4,6,8-undecatetraene matched the pheromone by all spectral and chromatographic criteria. The synthetic compound was active in the wind tunnel and also in the field. A possible biosynthetic route is discussed.
An optical switch (1987)

The invention is a gas mixture for a diffuse discharge switch having an electron attaching gas wherein electron attachment is brought about by indirect excitation of molecules to long live states by exposure to laser light. 3 figs.
A soft error robust 32kb SRAM macro featuring access transistor-less 8T cell in 65-nm (2012)

An eight transistor static random access memory cell with an access transistor-less architecture is presented that shows high soft error robustness and low leakage current. A 32kb memory array is designed in 65 nm CMOS process. The cell provides 5.6x better immunity to soft errors when compared to a conventional SRAM cell. The cell shows 9.4x smaller read current than a 6T SRAM cell. The featured cell also shows read and write margin improvements.
Multiaxis Three-dimensional Flat Woven Preform (Tube Rapier Weaving) and Circular Woven Preform (Radial Crossing Weaving)* (2009)

The aim of this study was to develop new preform structure and process mainly for composite industry. For this reason, multiaxis three-dimensional flat and circular woven preforms and methods were developed. The preform structures had five yarn sets as +/— bias, warp, filling and z-yarns for flat woven and +/— bias, axial, circumferential and radial yarns for circular woven. The weaving methods were introduced to form both structures. The experimental rigs were constructed for the trial of the methods. The important processing parameters related to preform unit cells and weaving were identified for full-scale process and product developments. The preliminary study showed that both types of weaving looked feasible under test conditions.
Multiexon skipping leading to an artificial DMD protein lacking amino acids from exons 45 through 55 could rescue up to 63% of patients with Duchenne muscular dystrophy (2006)

Approximately two-thirds of Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) patients show intragenic deletions ranging from one to several exons of the DMD gene and leading to a premature stop codon. Other deletions that maintain the translational reading frame of the gene result in the milder Becker muscular dystrophy (BMD) form of the disease. Thus the opportunity to transform a DMD phenotype into a BMD phenotype appeared as a new treatment strategy with the development of antisense oligonucleotides technology, which is able to induce an exon skipping at the pre-mRNA level in order to restore an open reading frame. Because the DMD gene contains 79 exons, thousands of potential transcripts could be produced by exon skipping and should be investigated. The conventional approach considers skipping of a single exon. Here we report the comparison of single- and multiple-exon skipping strategies based on bioinformatic analysis. By using the Universal Mutation Database (UMD)-DMD, we predict that an optimal multiexon skipping leading to the del45-55 artificial dystrophin (c.6439_8217del) could transform the DMD phenotype into the asymptomatic or mild BMD phenotype. This multiple-exon skipping could theoretically rescue up to 63% of DMD patients with a deletion, while the optimal monoskipping of exon 51 would rescue only 16% of patients.