gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Parallel phase shift microscopy, vibrometry and focus tracking systems (Conference Presentation) (2018)

Parallel phase shift interferometric detection systems were developed using polarized interferometry, three detectors and multiple wavelengths. In phase shift interferometry (PSI) several phase shifted interference images are usually acquired in a sequence and are algebraically combined to extract the phase information. However, phase imaging is limited both by the 2π phase modulo limiting the ability to map structures with heights only up to half the source's wavelength i.e. several hundreds of nm, and also by error induced by the movements of the sample between the acquisitions of phase shifted interference images. Several approaches for dealing with these limitations have been developed that provided only a limited solution, e.g. using a beat wavelength interferogram by a two wavelength illumination but that is more sensitive to phase noise and thus less accurate and parallel PSI in which all phase shifted images are acquired simultaneously but that does not resolve the height limitation. We have developed a combined and improved technique for parallel PSI and three wavelength illumination enabling overcoming both limitations without elevating phase noise sensitivity. Several bench prototypes were built: some allowing video rate 3D imaging of moving samples such as biological live samples or high throughput scanning of metrology samples with nm scale resolution, and others allowing single point very high speed axial motion tracking and vibrometry with sub-nm scale resolution and max step height of few tens of µm. Selected References: 1. Michael Ney, Avner Safrani, Ibrahim Abdulhalim, Instantaneous high-resolution focus tracking and a vibrometery system using parallel phase shift interferometry, J. Opt. A (Letters) 18, 09LT05 (5pp) (2016). 2. Michael Ney, Avner Safrani, Ibrahim Abdulhalim, Three wavelengths parallel phase-shift interferometry for real-time focus tracking and vibration measurement, Optics Letter 42, 719-22 (2017). 3. Avner Safrani and Ibrahim Abdulhalim, High speed 3D imaging using two wavelengths parallel phase shift interferometry, Optics Letters 40, 4651-4 (2015). 4. Avner Safrani and Ibrahim Abdulhalim, Full field parallel interferometry coherence probe microscope for high speed optical metrology, Appl. Opt. 54, 5083-87 (2015). 5. Avner Safrani and I. Abdulhalim, Real Time, Phase Shift, Interference Microscopy, Optics Letters 39, 5220-23 (2014).
Design of ferroelectric liquid crystal materials (1988)

The speed of electrooptic switching in the surface stabilized ferroelectric liquid crystal (SSFLC) cell is dependent on the polarization density and orientational viscosity of the FLC material. These properties are, of course, related to the chemical structure of the FLC components. In an effort to design new high-performance FLC materials in a directed way, we have developed a stereochemical model for the molecular origins of the polarization based on the concept that the polarization is a manifestation of a novel form of molecular recognition occurring in the FLC phase. 1 Recent results of work aimed at testing this model are described. Specifically, a novel series of chiral fluorinated FLC components have been prepared and characterized with respect to polarization, viscosity, and electrooptic response. Comparison of the properties of diastereomeric materials provides experimental evidence for the details of orientation of organic functional groups occurring in the FLC Phase.
Bio-printing of living organized tissues using an inkjet technology (2006)

This study is directed towards developing a novel and versatile method for creating complex tissue structures that use simultaneous ink-jetting of multiple cell types. To demonstrate this concept, 3 different cell types, consisting of human amniotic fluid-derived stem cells (hAFSC), smooth muscle cells (SMC), and bovine aortic endothelial cells (EC), were printed by a thermal inkjet printer to form a heterogeneous cell configuration. Each of the printed cell types maintained viability, proliferation, phenotypic expression, and normal physiological function within the complex structures in-vitro. The bio-printed constructs were able to survive and mature into functional tissues with adequate vascularization in vivo. These findings demonstrate that fabrication of complex hybrid tissue structures that require multiple cell types can be achieved by using the inkjet technology.
Higher-order complex formation between the 72-kilodalton type IV collagenase and tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinases-2 (1992)

The collagenases are a class of matrix degradative enzymes whose actions are important in physiological and pathological processes. The human 72-kDa type IV collagenase (matrix metalloproteinase-2) and its proteinase inhibitor, tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinases-2 (TIMP-2), are produced as a proenzyme-inhibitor complex by numerous cell lines. We analyzed the quaternary structure of and enzyme-inhibitor interactions in the native enzyme-inhibitor complex by studying the pattern of complexes demonstrated by molecular weight determination in nondenaturing polyacrylamide gels and evaluating the products formed by reaction of the native complexes with cross-linking agents. Electrophoresis in native polyacrylamide gels demonstrates that approximately 79% of the latent enzyme is present in a 1:1 bimolecular complex with the inhibitor TIMP-2, with 21% present as a complete tetrameric complex of two molecules of collagenase combined with two molecules of TIMP-2. The enzyme complex activated with organomercurials displays a shift to a higher proportion of the bimolecular complex with only 5% present as higher molecular weight complexes. Cross-linking of the latent and active forms of the complex with bis(sulfosuccinimidyl) suberate (BS3) and bis(sulfosuccinimidyl) tartarate demonstrates both the 1:1 and 2:2 complexes as well as an intermediate form that appears to be a complex composed of two molecules of collagenase and one of TIMP-2. The distribution of cross-linked products is unchanged with the addition of excess TIMP-2 to the reaction mix, implying that the binding sites for TIMP-2 to the initial enzyme-inhibitor complex are all occupied when the stoichiometry is 1 to 1.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Microdischarge arrays: A new family of UV sources (2001)

We report recent progress in the fabrication of micro hollow cathode discharge arrays that can be utilized as a miniature UV generation source having the size of tens - hundreds of microns. Microdischarges exhibit several novel characteristics, for example, high power loading (tens - hundreds of kW/cc) and high operational pressure. And especially, we can easily obtain any wavelength ranges of radiation from the device just by changing discharge gases. Furthermore, since various types of device structures and device materials have been developed, a number of lighting applications are available.
Prostatome: A combined anatomical and disease based MRI atlas of the prostate (2014)

The authors presented the AnCoR framework to explicitly model anatomic constraints for the construction of a fused anatomic imaging-disease atlas. The framework was applied to constructing a preliminary version of an anatomic-disease atlas of the prostate, the prostatome. The prostatome could facilitate the quantitative characterization of gland morphology and imaging features of prostate cancer. These techniques, may be applied on a large sample size data set to create a fully developed prostatome that could serve as a spatial prior for targeted biopsies by urologists. Additionally, the AnCoR framework could allow for incorporation of complementary imaging and molecular data, thereby enabling their careful correlation for population based radio-omics studies.
A Minimum-Cost Resilient Tree-Based VPLS for Digital TV Broadcast Services (2006)

This paper introduces an IPTV broadcast network architecture for digital multimedia distribution in a scalable, cost efficient, and reliable manner. The architecture presents a managed solution for broadcasting digital television, where its minimum-cost (Steiner) tree structure ensures significant bandwidth savings in the core, and its intelligent IGMP snooping aggregation and access nodes provide fast channel zapping, subscriber authorization, and channel profiling. We propose a system for providing resilient multimedia broadcasting services over the tree-based VPLS (TVPLS) network. In particular, we propose a solution that balances the IPTV traffic load over disjoint Steiner trees with split horizon and dual connectivity at the provide edge (PE) routers. A network management system (NMS) calculates disjoint minimum cost trees using the Steiner algorithm. Destination provider edge routers in the VPLS network are connected to the disjoint trees so that they can be serviced by either tree in the case of a fault. Each of the disjoint trees is provisioned with enough bandwidth to carry all of the services provided by the VPLS network. Under normal operation, however, the services are distributed evenly over the trees. In the event of a fault, the services on the faulty tree are switched to the other tree by the NMS using static Internet group management protocol (IGMP) route entries
Note: Development of real-time epithermal neutron detector for boron neutron capture therapy (2017)

The real-time detection of epithermal neutrons forms an important aspect of boron neutron capture therapy. In this context, we developed an epithermal neutron detector based on the combination of a small Eu:LiCaAlF<sub>6</sub> scintillator and a quartz fiber in order to fulfill the irradiation-field requirements for boron neutron capture therapy. The irradiation test is performed with the use of a reactor-based neutron source. The thermal and epithermal neutron sensitivities of our epithermal neutron detector are estimated to be 9.52 × 10<sup>-8</sup> ± 1.59 × 10<sup>-8</sup> cm<sup>2</sup> and 1.20 × 10<sup>-6</sup> cm<sup>2</sup> ± 8.96 × 10<sup>-9</sup> cm<sup>2</sup>, respectively. We also subject the developed epithermal neutron detector to actual irradiation fields, and we confirm that the epithermal neutron flux can be measured in realtime.
Adaptively Clustering-Driven Learning for Visual Relationship Detection (2020)

Visual relationship detection aims to describe the interactions between pairs of objects, such as <italic xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">person-ride-bike</i> and <italic xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">bike-next to-car</i> triplets. In reality, it is often the case that there exist some groups of strongly correlated relationships, while others are weakly related. Intuitively, the common relationships can be roughly categorized into several types such as geometric (e.g., next to), action (e.g., ride), and so on. However, previous studies ignore the relatedness discovery among multiple relationships, which only lie on a unified space to leverage visual features or statistical dependencies into categories. To tackle this problem, we propose an adaptively clustering-driven network for visual relationship detection, which can implicitly divide the unified relationship space into several subspaces with specific characteristics. Particularly, we propose two novel modules to discover the common distribution space and latent relationship association, respectively, which map pairs of object features into translation subspaces to induce the discriminative relationship clustering. Then, a fused inference is designed to integrate the group-induced representations with the language prior to facilitate the predicate inference. Especially, we design the Frobenius-norm regularization to boost the clustering. To the best of our knowledge, the proposed method is the first supervised framework to realize <italic xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">subject-predicate-object</i> relationship-aware clustering for visual relationship detection. Extensive experiments show that the proposed method can achieve competing performances against the state-of-the-art methods on the Visual Genome dataset. Additional ablation studies further validate its effectiveness.
A pre-filtering approach to exploit decoupled prediction and transform block structures in video coding (2014)

Recent video coding techniques allow for decoupling of the transform block partition from that employed for prediction. For example, HEVC allows a transform block to overlap multiple prediction blocks. This paper is premised on the observation that in order to truly realize the potential of such enhanced flexibility, it is necessary to account for and mitigate considerable side effects due to stitching together independently predicted blocks, including the emergence of spurious high frequency components from sharp transitions across boundaries, which undermine the transform efficacy. The proposed solution involves an appropriately designed pre-filtering approach to mitigate boundary transition effects whenever a transform spans data from multiple prediction blocks. Moreover, this filtering technique enables extending the flexibility in decoupling prediction and transform structures, as various restrictions may now be eliminated. In particular, it makes it possible and beneficial to allow a transform block to span residual data from both inter and intra predicted blocks, whereas HEVC necessarily forces a single type of prediction in each coding unit. The method is further extended to include motion refinement that accounts for the pre-filtering approach. Experiments provide evidence for consistent coding gains over HEVC and VP9.
Optically triggered Q-switched photonic crystal laser (2005)

An optically triggered liquid crystal infiltrated Q-switched photonic crystal laser is demonstrated. A photonic crystal laser cavity was designed and fabricated to support two orthogonally polarized high-Q cavity modes after liquid crystal infiltration. By controlling the liquid crystal orientation via a layer of photoaddressable polymer and a writing laser, the photonic crystal lasing mode can be reversibly switched between the two modes which also switches the laser's emission polarization and wavelength. The creation of the Q-switched laser demonstrates the benefits of customizing photonic crystal cavities to maximally synergize with an infiltrated material and illustrates the potential of integrating semiconductor nanophotonics with optical materials.
Soluble urokinase receptor and focal segmental glomerulosclerosis (2012)

Future studies that are geared to understand the clinical implications of high suPAR levels in native FSGS as well as in the pretransplant and posttransplant setting will allow for better patient risk stratification and more targeted treatment options.
G-PICS: A Framework for GPU-Based Spatial Indexing and Query Processing (2020)

Support for efficient spatial data storage and retrieval has become a vital component in almost all spatial database systems. While GPUs have become a mainstream platform for high-throughput data processing in recent years, exploiting the massively parallel processing power of GPUs is non-trivial. Current approaches that parallelize one query at a time have low work efficiency and cannot make good use of GPU resources. On the other hand, many spatial database systems could receive a large number of queries simultaneously. In this paper, we present a comprehensive framework named G-PICS for parallel processing of concurrent spatial queries on GPUs. G-PICS encapsulates efficient parallel algorithms for constructing a variety of spatial trees with different space partitioning methods. G-PICS also provides highly optimized programs for processing major spatial query types, and such programs can be accessed via an API that could be further extended to implement user-defined algorithms. While support for dynamic data inputs is missing in existing work, G-PICS implements efficient parallel algorithms for bulk updates of data. Furthermore, G-PICS is designed to work in a Multi-GPU environment to support datasets beyond the size of a single GPU’s global memory. Empirical evaluation of G-PICS shows significant performance improvement over the state-of-the-art GPU and parallel CPU-based spatial query processing systems. In particular, G-PICS achieves double-digit speedup over such systems in tree construction (up to 53X) and query processing (up to 80X).
Flame-Assisted Fuel Cell Operating With Methane for Combined Heating and Micro Power (2015)

Solid Oxide Fuel Cells (SOFCs) operating in a Flame-assisted Fuel Cell (FFC) setup have potential for Combined Heating and micro Power applications. The feasibility of a FFC furnace operating with natural gas is investigated by using methane/ air flames. The confrontation between the FFCs operating temperature and fuel concentration under various conditions was investigated which uncovered the complex performance behavior. Variations in the fuel/ air equivalence ratio, fuel flow rate and distance between the FFC anode and burner outlet were studied. A critical distance for FFC placement above the burner outlet was uncovered, which has a significant impact on the FFCs performance. A high power density of 791mW.cm−2 was achieved which is comparable to the dual chamber SOFC and single chamber SOFC. Carbon coking was observed on the anode surface, but was not detrimental to FFC performance during testing.
First‐in‐human experience with occlusion of the superior vena cava to reduce cardiac filling pressures in congestive heart failure (2019)

We report the first clinical experience with transient SVC occlusion as a potentially new therapeutic approach to rapidly reduce cardiac filling pressures in heart failure. No prohibitive safety signal was identified and further testing to establish the clinical utility of transient SVC occlusion for acute decompensated heart failure is justified.
Electro‐optical properties of ferroelectric liquid crystalline polymers (1992)

Abstract Ferroelectric liquid crystalline polymers (FLCPs) were synthesized. These ferroelectricities were confirmed directly by measuring polarization reversal currents and other electro‐optical properties. The smectic layer structure of FLCP was also studied. A chevron structure similar to that of low molecular weight FLC was observed even in an FLCP cell; but the zigzag defects were not so sharp, which means that it is easy to obtain a good orientation even in large‐area displays.
<title>Ultrasound applicators with internal cooling for interstitial thermal therapy</title> (1999)

The use of internally-cooled, direct-coupled interstitial ultrasound applicators as a means of providing controlled and directed thermal therapy was investigated. Applicators were constructed using tubular ultrasound sources (1.5 - 2.5 mm OD) with active acoustic zones of 90 degree(s), 200 degree(s), 270 degree(s), and 360 degree(s) (single and multiple transducers). Cooling of the inner transducer surface was accomplished by the flow of chilled air or an integrated water mechanism. Thermal performance of the applicators was characterized through high temperature heating trials in vivo (porcine thigh muscle and liver) and in vitro (bovine liver). Both air-cooled and water-cooled applicators produced well- defined angular directional heating, with coagulated zones corresponding to the active sector of the transducer. Axial collimation and control of heating along the length of the applicator was also demonstrated using multiple transducer elements. Thermal penetration and extent of coagulation was reproducible and controlled with sonication time and power, extending radially 12 - 22 mm for 1 - 5 minutes. Directly of lesion shapes (both angular and axial) was found to remain characteristically similar at different heating times. This enhanced thermal penetration and improved control of directional heating with internal cooling shows great potential for treatment of localized tumors in prostate, brain, and liver.
Flame retardant polyurethanes based on novel phosphonamidate additives (2014)

Development of new halogen-free flame retardants for application in polymer is becoming important due to ban of some existing halogenated flame retardants, ineffectiveness of existing flame retardant additives and higher fire performance requirements for materials. Polyurethane is an important class of polymer finding application in diverse areas like textile coatings, wood coatings, foams, fibers, cables, adhesives etc. There is a great need to develop halogen free flame retardants for various PU based materials. In this work we have reported synthesis of novel phosphonamidates as flame retardant additives and their application in manufacturing flame retardant flexible PU foams and flame retardant polyester PU coated fabrics. Furthermore the flame retardant properties and thermal decomposition characteristics of the PU based materials have been evaluated. The novel phosphonamidate derivatives have superior fire performance properties as compared to existing commercial flame retardant additives and work primarily in gas phase by recombining H* and OH* radicals.
Deletion of <i>IKZF1</i> and Prognosis in Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia (2009)

Genetic alteration of IKZF1 is associated with a very poor outcome in B-cell-progenitor ALL.
Plasma immersion ion implantation for interdigitated back passivated contact (IBPC) solar cells (2016)

We present progress to develop low-cost interdigitated back contact solar cells with pc-Si/SiO <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> /c-Si passivated contacts formed by plasma immersion ion implantation (PIII). PIII is a lower-cost implantation technique than traditional beam-line implantation due to its simpler design, lower operating costs, and ability to run high doses (1E14-1E18 cm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">-2</sup> ) at low ion energies (20 eV-10 keV). These benefits make PIII ideal for high throughput production of patterned passivated contacts, where high-dose, low-energy implantations are made into thin (20-200 nm) a-Si layers instead of into the wafer itself. For this work symmetric passivated contact test structures grown on n-Cz wafers with PH <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3</sub> PIII doping gave implied open circuit voltage (iV <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">oc</sub> ) values of 730 mV with J <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">o</sub> values of 2 fA/cm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> . Samples doped with B <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> H <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">6</sub> gave iV <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">oc</sub> values of 690 mV and J <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">o</sub> values of 24 fA/cm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> , outperforming BF <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3</sub> doping, which gave iV <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">oc</sub> values in the 660-680 mV range. Samples were further characterized by photoluminescence and SIMS depth profiles. Initial IBPC cell results are presented.