gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Recoverable and Programmable Collapse from Folding Pressurized Origami Cellular Solids (2016)

We report a unique collapse mechanism by exploiting the negative stiffness observed in the folding of an origami solid, which consists of pressurized cells made by stacking origami sheets. Such a collapse mechanism is recoverable, since it only involves rigid folding of the origami sheets and it is programmable by pressure control and the custom design of the crease pattern. The collapse mechanism features many attractive characteristics for applications such as energy absorption. The reported results also suggest a new branch of origami study focused on its nonlinear mechanics associated with folding.
Effects of surface roughness and contact pressure on wafer bonding strength using transmission laser bonding technique (2006)

The reliability in the wafer bonding is highly dependent on the surface conditions present on each individual wafer. An emerging wafer bonding technique, referred to as transmission laser bonding (TLB), is examined and implemented for the bonding of Pyrex glass-to-silicon wafers using a solid-state pulsed neodymium: yttrium aluminum garnet (Nd:YAG) laser. Focusing specifically on the physical attributes of surface roughness and contact pressures, we explore their relative effects on the associated bond strength. The bonding strengths of the TLB bonded specimens are quantified using a microtensile tester, whereas the surface roughness and flatness are determined by atomic force microscopy and profilometry, respectively. The tensile results indicate that with appropriate surface roughness and contact pressure, the bond strength obtained is comparable with, if not better than, those using conventional wafer bonding techniques. Both the x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and Auger electron spectroscopy are used to facilitate the study of the bonding mechanism of the delaminated surfaces of TLB specimens by evaluating the migration and diffusion of different atoms across the bonding interface. A thermal penetration analysis is also provided to validate the findings of the bond strength and the spectroscopic evaluations.
Ghrelin Acts on Leptin‐Responsive Neurones in the Rat Arcuate Nucleus (2002)

Leptin decreases food intake and increases energy expenditure in rodents by inhibiting neurones in the hypothalamic arcuate nucleus. The growth hormone secretagogue (GHS) ghrelin is known to stimulate food intake and to be the endogenous ligand for the GHS-receptor, which is strongly expressed in the arcuate nucleus, like the leptin receptor (Ob-R). In this study, we analysed the effect of systemic ghrelin administration on Fos expression in the arcuate nucleus on neurones expressing Ob-R. Injection of ghrelin (0.2 mg/kg, i.p) significantly increased the number of neurones expressing Fos protein in the ventromedial arcuate nucleus. Fifty-seven percent of all Fos-positive cells in the ventromedial arcuate nucleus were also positive for Ob-R staining. Furthermore, we investigated electrophysiologically the effect of ghrelin and leptin on the activity of arcuate neurones in an in-vitro slice preparation. Ghrelin stimulated the electrical activity dose-dependently in 80% of all cells tested (n=49) with a threshold concentration of 10(-11) M; only 8% were inhibited and 12% did not respond. The effect of ghrelin (10(-7) M) was weakly antagonized by the peptidic GHS-receptor antagonist (D-Lys3)-GHRP-6 (10(-4) M), which also showed a much weaker affinity (IC(50), 0.9 x 10(-6) M) to the GHS-receptor than ghrelin (IC(50), 0.3 x 10(-9) M). Ghrelin increased the electrical activity in 76% of all cells which were inhibited by leptin (n=17). These data show that ghrelin interacts with the leptin hypothalamic network in the arcuate nucleus. The opposite effect of leptin and ghrelin on neurones in the arcuate nucleus may serve as a neurophysiological correlate of the orexigenic and anorectic effects of ghrelin and leptin.
Pronounced asymmetry in the crystallization behavior during constant heating and cooling of a bulk metallic glass-forming liquid (1999)

The crystallization behavior of the supercooled bulk metallic glass-forming ${\mathrm{Zr}}_{41}{\mathrm{Ti}}_{14}{\mathrm{Cu}}_{12}{\mathrm{Ni}}_{10}{\mathrm{Be}}_{23}$ liquid was studied with different heating and cooling rates. A rate of about 1 K/s is sufficient to suppress crystallization of the melt upon cooling from the equilibrium liquid. Upon heating, in contrast, a rate of about 200 K/s is necessary to avoid crystallization. The difference between the critical heating and cooling rate is discussed with respect to diffusion-limited growth taking classical nucleation into account. The calculated asymmetry of the critical heating and cooling rate can be explained by the fact that nuclei formed during cooling and heating are exposed to different growth rates.
Metabolism of glucose, glutamine, long-chain fatty acids and ketone bodies by murine macrophages (1986)

Maximum activities of some key enzymes of metabolism were studied in elicited (inflammatory) macrophages of the mouse and lymph-node lymphocytes of the rat. The activity of hexokinase in the macrophage is very high, as high as that in any other major tissue of the body, and higher than that of phosphorylase or 6-phosphofructokinase, suggesting that glucose is a more important fuel than glycogen and that the pentose phosphate pathway is also important in these cells. The latter suggestion is supported by the high activities of both glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase and 6-phosphogluconate dehydrogenase. However, the rate of glucose utilization by 'resting' macrophages incubated in vitro is less than the 10% of the activity of 6-phosphofructokinase: this suggests that the rate of glycolysis is increased dramatically during phagocytosis or increased secretory activity. The macrophages possess higher activities of citrate synthase and oxoglutarate dehydrogenase than do lymphocytes, suggesting that the tricarboxylic acid cycle may be important in energy generation in these cells. The activity of 3-oxoacid CoA-transferase is higher in the macrophage, but that of 3-hydroxybutyrate dehydrogenase is very much lower than those in the lymphocytes. The activity of carnitine palmitoyltransferase is higher in macrophages, suggesting that fatty acids as well as acetoacetate could provide acetyl-CoA as substrate for the tricarboxylic acid cycle. No detectable rate of acetoacetate or 3-hydroxybutyrate utilization was observed during incubation of resting macrophages, but that of oleate was 1.0 nmol/h per mg of protein or about 2.2% of the activity of palmitoyltransferase. The activity of glutaminase is about 4-fold higher in macrophages than in lymphocytes, which suggests that the rate of glutamine utilization could be very high. The rate of utilization of glutamine by resting incubated macrophages was similar to that reported for rat lymphocytes, but was considerably lower than the activity of glutaminase.
Cooperative binding of oligonucleotides to DNA by triple helix formation: dimerization via Watson-Crick hydrogen bonds (1991)

[Introduction] Cooperative binding by proteins to DNA results in higher sequence specificity as well as greater sensitivity to concentration changes. We recently reported cooperative binding of two oligonucleotides at abutting sites by triple helix formation on double helical DNA. However, the enhanced binding observed was modest (a factor of 3.5) and likely due to favorable basestacking interactions between adjacent oligonucleotides and/or induced conformational changes propagated to adjacent binding sites. Thus, the issue arises whether cooperativity in oligonucleotide-directed triple helix formation can be enhanced by the addition of discrete dimerization domains. We report here the binding properties of oligonucleotides that dimerize by Watson-Crick hydrogen bonds and bind neighboring sites on double helical DNA by triple helix formation.
In-Process Control of Cylindricity in Boring Operations (1987)

This paper presents a new on-line control scheme utilizing the Forecasting Compensatory Control (FCC) method for improving cylindricity in boring operations. The proposed control method was implemented through the development of a laser-based in-process cylindricity measurement, a digital microcomputer, and a piezoelectric actuator system. Through on-line cutting experiments, the improvement in cylindricity accuracy was found to be in excess of 60 percent.
Modifizierungsreaktionen an Polyamidfäden. Eine Literaturübersicht Teil II: Pfropfcopolymerisationen mit Acrylsäure, Acrylsäurederivaten und weiteren ungesättigten organischen Verbindungen11 (1971)

Modifizierungsreaktionen an Polyamidfäden. Eine Literaturübersicht Teil II: Pfropfcopolymerisationen mit Acrylsäure, Acrylsäurederivaten und weiteren ungesättigten organischen Verbindungen11 was published in Band 22, Heft 1 Januar 1971 on page 34.
Kinetics and Mechanisms of Hydration of <i>o</i>-Quinone Methides in Aqueous Solution (2000)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVCommunicationNEXTKinetics and Mechanisms of Hydration of o-Quinone Methides in Aqueous SolutionYvonne Chiang, A. Jerry Kresge, and Yu ZhuView Author Information Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto Toronto, Ontario M5S 3H6, Canada Cite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2000, 122, 40, 9854–9855Publication Date (Web):September 23, 2000Publication History Received5 May 2000Published online23 September 2000Published inissue 1 October 2000https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja001557hhttps://doi.org/10.1021/ja001557hrapid-communicationACS PublicationsCopyright © 2000 American Chemical SocietyRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views1042Altmetric-Citations58LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose SUBJECTS:Acidity,Hydration,Luminescence,Quinones,Solution chemistry Get e-Alerts
Direct Spherical Harmonic Transform of a Triangulated Mesh (2006)

Spherical harmonic transform plays an important role in research in shape description. Current computation methods involve expensive voxelization, and are prone to numerical errors associated with the size of the voxels. This paper describes a fast and accurate technique for computing spherical harmonic coefficients directly from the description of the mesh. The algorithm runs in linear time O(n), where n is the number of triangles of the mesh. Source code is available online.
CXCR6 is expressed in human prostate cancer <i>in vivo</i> and is involved in the <i>in vitro</i> invasion of PC3 and LNCap cells (2008)

In spite of the clinical importance of prostate cancer (PCa) bone metastasis, the precise mechanisms for the directed migration of malignant cells remain unclear. In the present study, the expression of CXCR6 in human PCa and benign prostatic hyperplasia samples, and the expression of CXCL16 in human osseous tissues were determined by immunohistochemistry. It was found that the level of CXCR6 protein expression was elevated in human malignant prostate tumors, and CXCL16 was expressed positively by human osteocytes in vivo. The in vitro experiments further confirmed that the PCa cell lines PC3 and LNCap expressed CXCR6 at both the mRNA and protein levels, and exogenous CXCL16 has the potential to stimulate the invasion of PC3 and LNCap. To further elucidate the role of the CXCL16-CXCR6 axis in PCa progression, we compared the expression of CXCR6 and CXCR4 in human PCa tissues and the effects of CXCL16 and CXCL12 on the in vitro invasion of PC3 and LNCap cells. It was shown that CXCR6 and CXCR4 proteins were coexpressed and elevated in human PCa samples, and CXCL16 and CXCL12 promoted the invasion of PC3 and LNCap via their respective receptors. Furthermore, in contrast to CXCL12, which enhanced the activity of matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) 9 and MMP2 in PC3 and LNCap, CXCL16 ligation resulted in stronger MMP9 and MMP2 activity in LNCap but not in PC3. Our results suggest that besides CXCL12/CXCR4, CXCL16/CXCR6 might be another important factor involved in PCa bone metastasis.
WebSRC: A Dataset for Web-Based Structural Reading Comprehension (2021)

Web search is an essential way for humans to obtain information, but it's still a great challenge for machines to understand the contents of web pages. In this paper, we introduce the task of structural reading comprehension (SRC) on web. Given a web page and a question about it, the task is to find the answer from the web page. This task requires a system not only to understand the semantics of texts but also the structure of the web page. Moreover, we proposed Web-SRC, a novel Web-based Structural Reading Comprehension dataset. WebSRC consists of 400K question-answer pairs, which are collected from 6.4K web pages. Along with the QA pairs, corresponding HTML source code, screenshots, and metadata are also provided in our dataset. Each question in WebSRC requires a certain structural understanding of a web page to answer, and the answer is either a text span on the web page or yes/no. We evaluate various baselines on our dataset to show the difficulty of our task. We also investigate the usefulness of structural information and visual features. Our dataset and baselines have been publicly available 1 .
Phosphorus Removal from Wastewater in a Constructed Wetland (2020)

In a constructed wetland using a high hydraulic conductivity matrix such as gravel, the wastewater will flow subsurface in the root and rhizome region of the aquatic macrophyte where bacterial growth on the surfaces can absorb pollutants and break them down. Bacteria can assimilate phosphorus in their cell structures; but once a steady state of biomass is reached within the bed, no net phosphorus removal will result thereafter. From the foregoing, the conversion of the soluble phosphorus to an insoluble particulate form which would be contained within the bed, by chemical means, would be an efficient method of removal. Two experimental gravel matrix constructed wetlands, each 30 m long × 5 m wide, one planted with Phragmites australis and the other an unplanted control, were selected for the dosing experiments. The use of lime plus alum is shown to be an economic and efficient dosing mixture for the removal of phosphorus as the insoluble phosphate within the bed itself.
Dispersion management for two-level optically labeled signals in IP-over-WDM networks (2002)

The transmission characteristics of a two-level optically labeled signal with ASK/DPSK modulation are investigated under varying dispersion management.A limitation of extinction ratio and the resilience of fiber span, compensation ratio, and power level are obtained.
A bimodal soft electronic skin for tactile and touchless interaction in real time (2019)

The emergence of smart electronics, human friendly robotics and supplemented or virtual reality demands electronic skins with both tactile and touchless perceptions for the manipulation of real and virtual objects. Here, we realize bifunctional electronic skins equipped with a compliant magnetic microelectromechanical system able to transduce both tactile-via mechanical pressure-and touchless-via magnetic fields-stimulations simultaneously. The magnetic microelectromechanical system separates electric signals from tactile and touchless interactions into two different regions, allowing the electronic skins to unambiguously distinguish the two modes in real time. Besides, its inherent magnetic specificity overcomes the interference from non-relevant objects and enables signal-programmable interactions. Ultimately, the magnetic microelectromechanical system enables complex interplay with physical objects enhanced with virtual content data in augmented reality, robotics, and medical applications.
Multi-Agent Distributed Beamforming With Improper Gaussian Signaling for MIMO Interference Broadcast Channels (2018)

For rate optimization in interference limited networks, improper Gaussian signaling has shown its ability to outperform conventional proper Gaussian signaling. In this paper, we study a weighted sum-rate maximization problem with improper Gaussian signaling for the multiple-input multiple-output interference broadcast channel. To solve this nonconvex and NP-hard problem, we propose an effective separate covariance and pseudo-covariance matrices optimization algorithm. In the covariance optimization, a weighted minimum mean square error algorithm is adopted, and in the pseudo-covariance optimization, an alternating optimization (AO) algorithm is proposed, which guarantees convergence to a stationary solution and ensures a sum-rate improvement over proper Gaussian signaling. An alternating direction method of multipliers-based multi-agent distributed algorithm is proposed to solve an AO subproblem with the globally optimal solution in a parallel and scalable fashion. The proposed scheme exhibits favorable convergence, optimality, and complexity properties for future large-scale networks. The simulation results demonstrate the superior sum-rate performance of the proposed algorithm as compared with the existing schemes with proper as well as improper Gaussian signaling under various network configurations.
VSP wavefield separation. Wave‐by‐wave approach (2005)

Wavefield separation is one of the main steps in processing VSP data. The purpose of this paper is to develop an optimization approach for VSP wavefield separation in the time domain. We model the actual wavefield as a sum of waves with unknown parameters. The wavefield separation problem is reduced to a nonlinear optimization problem with a small number (usually from two to four) of unknown waves with their wave shape functions, amplitudes and time‐dependent time shifts. To find parameters of each wave, we solve the non‐linear optimization problem with respect to the time‐variant shifts. To find amplitudes, slowly changing with depth, we solve the eigen‐value problem.
Diabetic Ketoacidosis: Pattern of Precipitating Causes (2014)

Background: Diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) is one of the most common acute complications of diabetes mellitus (DM). DKA is a recognised presenting feature of type 1 DM, but it commonly complicates previously diagnosed diabetic patients of all types, specially if they get infection or discontinue treatment. Objective: To describe the precipitating causes of DKA. Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional study was done from September to November, 2010 in Bangladesh Institute of Research & Rehabilitation in Diabetes, Endocrine and Metabolic Disorders (BIRDEM). Diagnosed DKA cases were evaluated clinically and by laboratory investigations for identification of precipitating causes. Results: Out of 50 patients, 28 were female. Mean age was 38.3 years. Forty patients (80%) were known diabetics and 10 (20%) were detected diabetic first time during this admission. Severe DKA cases were less common. Infection (20, 40%) was the commonest precipitating cause followed by noncompliance (14, 28%). In 7 (14%) cases no cause could be identified. Other less common causes included acute myocardial infarction, acute pancreatitis, stroke and surgery. Conclusion: Infection and noncompliance were the major precipitants of DKA. So, it is assumed that many DKA cases might be prevented by proper counselling regarding adherence to medication and sick days management. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jemc.v4i2.19676 J Enam Med Col 2014; 4(2): 94-97
Targeting the TLK1/NEK1 DDR axis with Thioridazine suppresses outgrowth of androgen independent prostate tumors (2019)

Standard therapy for advanced Prostate Cancer (PCa) consists of antiandrogens, which provide respite from disease progression, but ultimately fail resulting in the incurable phase of the disease: mCRPC. Targeting PCa cells before their progression to mCRPC would greatly improve the outcome. Combination therapy targeting the DNA Damage Response (DDR) has been limited by general toxicity, and a goal of clinical trials is how to target the DDR more specifically. We now show that androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) of LNCaP cells results in increased expression of TLK1B, a key kinase upstream of NEK1 and ATR and mediating the DDR that typically results in a temporary cell cycle arrest of androgen responsive PCa cells. Following DNA damage, addition of the TLK specific inhibitor, thioridazine (THD), impairs ATR and Chk1 activation, establishing the existence of a ADT > TLK1 > NEK1 > ATR > Chk1, DDR pathway, while its abrogation leads to apoptosis. Treatment with THD suppressed the outgrowth of androgen-independent (AI) colonies of LNCaP and TRAMP-C2 cells cultured with bicalutamide. Moreover, THD significantly inhibited the growth of several PCa cells in vitro (including AI lines). Administration of THD or bicalutamide was not effective at inhibiting long-term tumor growth of LNCaP xenografts. In contrast, combination therapy remarkably inhibited tumor growth via bypass of the DDR. Moreover, xenografts of LNCaP cells overexpressing a NEK1-T141A mutant were durably suppressed with bicalutamide. Collectively, these results suggest that targeting the TLK1/NEK1 axis might be a novel therapy for PCa in combination with standard of care (ADT).
Smartcards become an international technology (2002)

Smartcards were first introduced nearly 20 years ago in France to reduce credit card fraud. This new technology grew slowly but steadily for several years. It is now making a leap into new application areas and international markets. Smartcards are now used in many countries and acceptance is expected to grow dramatically.
Fluorescence-enhanced optical imaging of large phantoms using single and simultaneous dual point illumination geometries (2004)

Fluorescence-enhanced optical tomography is typically performed using single point illumination and multiple point collection measurement geometry. Single point illumination is often insufficient to illuminate greater volumes of large phantoms and results in an inadequate fluorescent signal to noise ratio (SNR) for the majority of measurements. In this work, the use of simultaneous multiple point illumination geometry is proposed for acquiring a large number of fluorescent measurements with a sufficiently high SNR. As a feasibility study, dual point excitation sources, which are in-phase, were used in order to acquire surface measurements and perform three-dimensional reconstructions on phantoms of large volume and/or significant penetration depth. Measurements were acquired in the frequency-domain using a modulated intensified CCD imaging system under different experimental conditions of target depth (1.4-2.8 cm deep) with a perfect uptake optical contrast. Three-dimensional reconstructions of the fluorescence absorption from the dual point illumination geometry compare well with the reconstructions from the single point illumination geometry. Targets located up to 2 cm deep were located successfully, establishing the feasibility of reconstructions from simultaneous multiple point excitation sources. With improved excitation light rejection, multiple point illumination geometry may prove useful in reconstructing more challenging domains containing deeply embedded targets. Image quality assessment tools are required to determine the optimal measurement geometry for the largest set off imaging tasks.