gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Free‐floating cryostat sections for immunoelectron microscopy: Bridging the gap from light to electron microscopy (2001)

Frozen skin sections are routinely used for light microscopic immunohistochemical study of the skin basement membrane zone for two reasons: some skin basement membrane zone proteins are labile to routine chemical fixation, and skin is not amenable to vibratome sectioning. However, inherent limitations of conventional frozen sections, including compromised morphology and a requirement for glass slide-mounting, usually limit immunohistochemical study to the light microscopy level. In the present study, we introduce use of unfixed, free-floating cryostat sections for characterization of immunolocalizations of selected skin basement membrane proteins at both the light and electron microscopy level. The new procedure employs free-floating cryostat sections that can be processed as routine tissue specimens and can be subjected to a variety of special staining procedures including immunohistochemistry. Especially useful is the ease of progressive processing of the same tissue specimen from light microscopy to electron microscopy. In this regard, the method renders itself useful when results of immunolabeling experiments need to be elucidated quickly at histological and ultrastructural levels as required for diagnostic and accelerated investigative strategies.
Automated measurement of polarization mode dispersion using Jones matrix eigenanalysis (1992)

Polarization mode dispersion (PMD), which can limit the bandwidth of optical transmission links, has been difficult to measure in a manner independent of human judgment, leading to difficulties in automating the measurement. It is shown that PMD in any linear, time-invariant network can be completely characterized by eigenanalysis of Jones matrices measured at a series of discrete wavelengths, even for networks exhibiting polarization-dependent loss. A fast, automated system using a tunable laser and an accurate, real-time polarimeter affords the temporal accuracy of approximately 2% down to a limit of several femtoseconds, as demonstrated by comparison with other techniques and comparison with known samples. Both the principal states of polarization and the group delay difference were measured as a function of optical frequency.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Helical resonators containing high <i>T</i> <i>c</i> ceramic superconductors (1989)

Resonators are the single most important ingredient in microwave and radio frequency circuits. We have produced some helical resonators using a bulk Ba2YCu3O7 high Tc ceramic superconductor. These resonators, which operate at 77 K and cover the frequency range from 0.1 to 2.0 GHz, outperform their all copper counterparts by at least a factor of 5 in unloaded Q.
Synthesis of 2‐formyl‐1‐aza‐dibenzo[<i>e</i>,<i>h</i>]azulenes (2007)

Abstract magnified image Synthesis of a novel heterocyclic class of compounds, 1‐aza‐dibenzo[ e , h ]azulenes [1] ( 6a‐c and 7a‐c ), derived from dibenzo[ b , f ]oxepin, its 8‐chloro analogue and dibenzo[ b , f ]thiepin, respectively, is described. Aldol condensation of the starting ketones 4a‐c with (dimethyl‐hydrazono)‐acetaldehyde affords hydrazonoethylidene derivatives 5a‐c , which on reduction with sodium dithionite and subsequent cyclization provide the target tetracyclic 1‐aza‐dibenzo[ e , h ]azulenes 6a‐c . Regiospecific formylation of 6a‐c with Vilsmeier reagent leads to 2‐formyl derivatives 7a‐c . A series of derivatives 6a‐c and 7a‐c was tested for antiinflammatory activity as potential inhibitors of tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF‐α) production in vitro .
Machine learning assisted-nanomedicine using magnetic nanoparticles for central nervous system diseases (2023)

Magnetic nanoparticles possess unique properties distinct from other types of nanoparticles developed for biomedical applications. Their unique magnetic properties and multifunctionalities are especially beneficial for central nervous system (CNS) disease therapy and diagnostics, as well as targeted and personalized applications using image-guided therapy and theranostics. This review discusses the recent development of magnetic nanoparticles for CNS applications, including Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, epilepsy, multiple sclerosis, and drug addiction. Machine learning (ML) methods are increasingly applied towards the processing, optimization and development of nanomaterials. By using data-driven approach, ML has the potential to bridge the gap between basic research and clinical research. We review ML approaches used within the various stages of nanomedicine development, from nanoparticle synthesis and characterization to performance prediction and disease diagnosis.
Cumulative stabilizing effects of glycine to alanine substitutions in <i>Bacillus subtilis</i> neutral protease (1992)

Oligonucleotide-directed mutagenesis has been used to replace glycine residues by alanine in neutral protease from Bacillus subtilis. One Gly to Ala substitution (G147A) was located in a helical region of the protein, while the other (G189A) was in a loop. The effects of mutational substitutions on the functional, conformational and stability properties of the enzyme have been investigated using enzymatic assays and spectroscopic measurements. Single substitutions of both Gly147 and Gly189 with Ala residues affect the enzyme kinetic properties using synthetic peptides as substrates. When Gly replacements were concurrently introduced at both positions, the kinetic characteristics of the double mutant were roughly intermediate between those of the two single mutants, and similar to those of the wild-type protease. Both mutants G147A and G189A were found to be more stable towards irreversible thermal inactivation/unfolding than the wild-type species. Moreover, the stabilizing effect of the Gly to Ala substitution was roughly additive in the double mutant G147A/G189A, which shows a 3.2 degrees C increase in Tm with respect to the wild-type protein. These findings indicate that the Gly to Ala substitution can be used as a strategy to stabilize globular proteins. The possible mechanisms of protein stabilization are also discussed.
Ultra low density and highly crosslinked biocompatible shape memory polyurethane foams (2012)

We report the development of highly chemically crosslinked, ultra low density (~0.015 g/cc) polyurethane shape memory foams synthesized from symmetrical, low molecular weight and branched hydroxyl monomers. Sharp single glass transitions (Tg) customizable in the functional range of 45-70 °C were achieved. Thermomechanical testing confirmed shape memory behavior with 97-98% shape recovery over repeated cycles, a glassy storage modulus of 200-300 kPa and recovery stresses of 5-15 kPa. Shape holding tests under constrained storage above the Tg showed stable shape memory. A high volume expansion of up to 70 times was seen on actuation of these foams from a fully compressed state. Low in-vitro cell activation induced by the foam compared to controls demonstrates low acute bio-reactivity. We believe these porous polymeric scaffolds constitute an important class of novel smart biomaterials with multiple potential applications.
Progress on the Development of 10 kV 4H-SiC Pin Diodes for High Current/High Voltage Power Handling Applications (2007)

The development of 4H-SiC PiN diodes capable of blocking to greater than 10 kV while having current ratings of 20 A at 100 A/cm2 is continuing in earnest. VF instability of these diodes continues to be a roadblock, but progress is being made, and a 20 A/10 kV 4H-SiC PiN diode wafer with an overall device yield of 40% has been fabricated. The latest device characteristics are discussed, along with details of approaches in improving the reverse recovery characteristics of these diodes to satisfy the requirements needed for implementation into high voltage inverter modules capable of switching at up to 20 kHz.
Frequency Reconfigurable MIMO Antenna using SRR for Multi-Band Operation (2019)

This work presents the design of a 4-element frequency reconfigurable multiple-input-multiple-output (MIMO) antenna. The individual element is comprised of modified annular slot antenna using split-ring resonator(SRR) loading and a rectangular slot inside the annular slot to achieve miniaturization and multi-band operation. Each slot element is loaded with a varactor diode which provides the frequency sweep in each of its operating bands. The proposed design operates in three bands covering 1.7-2.28 GHz, 2.5-2.85 GHz and 2.9-3.1 GHz bands. The antenna is designed on a standard Rogers 4350 substrate size of 60×120×0.76 mm3. A prototype is fabricated whose measured results are in close agreement with the design simulations. The antenna is also analyzed for envelope correlation coefficient (ECC) where it shows an ECC < 0.5 in all of its operating bands, signifying good MIMO performance. The proposed design is suitable for second generation cognitive radio applications.
Novel Strategies for the Treatment of<i>Pseudomonas aeruginosa</i>Infections (2016)

Infections with Pseudomonas aeruginosa have become a concerning threat in hospital-acquired infections and for cystic fibrosis patients. The major problem leading to high mortality lies in the appearance of drug-resistant strains. Therefore, a vast number of approaches to develop novel anti-infectives is currently pursued. These diverse strategies span from killing (new antibiotics) to disarming (antivirulence) the pathogen. Particular emphasis lies on the development of compounds that inhibit biofilms formed in chronic infections to restore susceptibility toward antibiotics. Numerous promising results are summarized in this perspective. Antibiotics with a novel mode of action will be needed to avoid cross resistance against currently used therapeutic agents. Importantly, antivirulence drugs are expected to yield a significantly reduced rate of resistance development. Most developments are still far from the application. It can however be expected that combination therapies, also containing antivirulence agents, will pave the way toward novel treatment options against P. aeruginosa.
Spatio-Temporal Frequency Analysis of Motion Blur Reduction on LCDs (2007)

Liquid crystal displays (LCDs) are known to suffer from motion blur. In this paper, motion blur on LCDs is analyzed by examining the spatio-temporal spectrum of the perceived picture. This analysis is used to examine the performance of two motion blur reduction techniques: smooth frame insertion (SFI) and motion compensated up-conversion (MCU). The performance of both techniques is compared for TV applications.
EPDM based weatherable PVC impact modifiers (1977)

Abstract Graft polyblends of styrene, acrylonitrile or methyl methacrylate with EPDM rubbers are PVC impact modifiers. Specific compositions in PVC composites have unaged impact strengths similar to PVC composites with commercial ABS, polyacrylate, and chlorinated polyethylene modifiers at equivalent concentrations. Modifier efficiency and weatherability of the EPDM based modifiers are compared to ABS, polyacrylate, and chlorinated polyethylene.
A prokaryote-based cell-free translation system that efficiently synthesizes glycoproteins (2011)

Asparagine-linked (N-linked) protein glycosylation has been observed in all domains of life, including most recently in bacteria and is now widely considered a universal post-translational modification. However, cell-based production of homogeneous glycoproteins for laboratory and preparative purposes remains a significant challenge due in part to the complexity of this process in vivo. To address this issue, an easily available and highly controllable Escherichia coli-based cell-free system for the production of N-linked glycoproteins was developed. The method was created by coupling existing in vitro translation systems with an N-linked glycosylation pathway reconstituted from defined components. The translation/glycosylation system yielded efficiently glycosylated target proteins at a rate of hundreds of micrograms/milliliters in half a day. This is the first time a prokaryote-based cell-free protein synthesis system has generated N-linked glycoproteins.
Plastic Antibodies for Cosmetics: Molecularly Imprinted Polymers Scavenge Precursors of Malodors (2016)

Molecularly imprinted polymers (MIPs) are synthetic antibody mimics capable of specific molecular recognition. Advantageously, they are more stable, easy to tailor for a given application and less expensive than antibodies. These plastic antibodies are raising increasing interest and one relatively unexplored domain in which they could outplay these advantages particularly well is cosmetics. Here, we present the use of a MIP as an active ingredient of a cosmetic product, for suppressing body odors. In a dermo-cosmetic formulation, the MIP captures selectively the precursors of malodorous compounds, amidst a multitude of other molecules present in human sweat. These results pave the way to the fabrication of a novel generation of MIPs with improved selectivities in highly complex aqueous environments, and should be applicable to biotechnological and biomedical areas as well.
Liver-Specific Expression of a Phosphoenolpyruvate Carboxykinase-neo Gene in Genetically Modified Chickens (1993)

In order to investigate the potential of the avian liver for the expression of recombinant proteins in vivo, replication-competent retroviral vectors were used to introduce a recombinant rat phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase promoter-driven neomycin resistance gene (PEPCKneo) into early Line 11 Leghorn embryos. After hatching, these birds possessed apparently intact PEPCKneo sequences in most tissues examined, however, the neo protein was expressed preferentially in the liver (up to .45% of total cellular protein). Therefore, the tissue specificity of the PEPCK promoter from the rat was retained in the chicken, although hormone responsiveness was not observed. Retroviral vectors used to transmit the genes were more stable during passage in either fibroblast cells or in the animal if the inserted genes were oriented in the same (sense) direction as the viral genome. After Geneticin drug selection in cultured cells, PEPCKneo mRNA was the predominant recombinant species observed on Northern blots, whereas embryos expressed mostly the RNA species originating in the retroviral long terminal repeats. The results demonstrate the potential usefulness of liver-specific gene expression in chickens, as well as the transcriptional effects observed when a foreign promoter is introduced into the replication-competent vector.
A New Tone Mapping Workflow for High Dynamic Range Content (2009)

The use of High Dynamic Range (HDR) content is becoming increasingly popular in content creation and post-production. Advances in digital technology allow creating HDR content much easier than before. HDR display devices, on the other hand, are still not mature enough to become widely available. Therefore, HDR content has to go through a particular processing step, usually called tone mapping or tone reproduction, to be viewable on conventional displays. For most applications, the tone mapping process must usually fulfill two main requirements: keep details (local contrast) and maintain the sensation of brightness. There has been a great deal of work on HDR tone mapping algorithms during the last decade. However, existing tone mapping techniques focus on the first requirement and neglect the second one, usually the most important from the artist's perspective. Available tone mapping algorithms usually do not allow independently manipulating the tone of different part of a picture and thus they can rarely match the sensation of the original HDR content. In this paper, we propose a new scheme that meets the above two requirements. The proposed scheme is in spirit similar to the Zone System, a proven theory and practice used in traditional photography, and it can be seen as a computational model for the Zone System. The proposed scheme is also flexible enough to allow the user to easily control the look of differents parts of the picture, facilitating the creative process.
Direct Lit Electrolysis In A Metallic Lithium Fusion Blanket (2015)

A process that simplifies the extraction of tritium from molten lithium based breeding blankets was developed. The process is based on the direct electrolysis of lithium tritide using a ceramic Li ion conductor that replaces the molten salt extraction step. Extraction of tritium in the form of lithium tritide in the blankets/targets of fission/fusion reactors is critical in order to maintained low concentrations. This is needed to decrease the potential tritium permeation to the surroundings and large releases from unforeseen accident scenarios. Because of the high affinity of tritium for the blanket, extraction is complicated at the required low levels. This work identified, developed and tested the use of ceramic lithium ion conductors capable of recovering the hydrogen and deuterium thru an electrolysis step at high temperatures.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Cyclic Carbonates Catalyzed by Chromium and Aluminum Salphen Complexes. (2016)

Abstract Novel aluminium and chromium salphen complexes are prepared (not shown) and applied to the synthesis of cyclic carbonates from a range of epoxides and carbon dioxide.
Filaments for Incandescent Lamps with Energy Conserving Envelopes (1981)

The design considerations for filaments in energy conserving incandescent lamps are described. Such lamps require compact high emissivity filaments to absorb infrared radiation reflected from heat mirrored focusing envelopes. The relationships between the electrical parameters in the radiation returning environment and in the clear surroundings are developed. Efficiency experiments with filaments of various geometries under conditions of radiation return were performed. A highly compact coiled coil filament seems most promising for development. A calculation is presented of the filament emissivity as a function of spacing of the windings in a coil. Measurements of the emissivity as a function of the pitch of a coiled coil filament agree with the calculation.
High Index, Low Loss Waveguides in LiNbO3 with Ti Ion Implantation (1988)

Optical waveguides have been produced for many years in LiNbO 3 by diffusing Ti metal from a thin deposited film at high temperature. 1 These waveguides have been the subject of much research and refinement. 2 For many applications, particularly those using relatively long wavelengths (1.3,1.5 microns) for optical communications, the low index change Δn and resulting large cross-sectional area of the diffused waveguide limits the efficiency of the electro-optic devices. Reported here is the development of a new technique for making optical waveguides in LiNbO 3 by directly implanting Ti. A solid phase epitaxial regrowth process 2 was employed to restore the amorphized crystal structure, making low loss guides (<1dB/cm) possible. Large Δn and small diffusion length can be achieved in this process that will improve significantly the efficiency of electro-optic guided wave devices.
<i>N</i> -Acetyl Cysteine Enhances the Response to Interferon-α in Chronic Hepatitis C: A Pilot Study (1993)

Hepatitis C virus (HCV) is an RNA virus that replicates in both the liver and lymphoid cells. Interferon-alpha (IFN-alpha) is a useful treatment of chronic hepatitis C (CHC) although resistance to this drug occurs frequently. The mechanisms underlying resistance to IFN remain unknown. In this work, we have measured the levels of glutathione in plasma and peripheral lymphoid cells from 15 healthy controls and 24 CHC patients, 10 of whom were without treatment and 14 showed high serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT) values despite therapy with lymphoblastoid IFN for more than 4 months. In all patients, glutathione levels in plasma and in mononuclear cells were depressed in comparison to controls. In IFN-unresponsive patients, the addition of 600 mg tid of oral N-acetyl cysteine (NAC), a glutathione precursor, resulted in a steady decrease of ALT values in all patients, with complete normalization in 41% of cases after 5-6 months of combined therapy. Administration of NAC alone for 1 month was without effect in the 10 patients that were not receiving IFN. Supplementation of IFN with NAC induced a near normalization of intralymphocytic glutathione, but plasma levels were only moderately increased. HCV replication was markedly inhibited in lymphocytes and viremia was cleared in one of the 8 patients tested. In conclusion, NAC enhances the response to IFN in CHC. Controlled studies are needed to ascertain whether antioxidant therapy might act in synergy with IFN in chronic viral hepatitis.
Effects of Tool Positions in Accumulated Double-Sided Incremental Forming on Part Geometry (2015)

In Accumulated Double-Sided Incremental Forming (ADSIF), two hemispherical tools impart the local deformation to the sheet via their programmed in-plane spiral motion and the depth of the part is achieved via rigid body motion of the already formed part. Unlike Single Point Incremental Forming (SPIF) and Double-Sided Incremental Forming (DSIF), ADSIF does not impose forces on the already-formed part and therefore, has the potential of achieving higher geometric accuracy. A systematic method is proposed in this work to study the influences of the relative tool positions on the local formed shape and the final geometry, which is essentially the accumulation of all previously formed local deformations. Meanwhile, the concepts of the stable angle and the peak angle are introduced to better describe the cross-sectional geometry of a formed part with a constant wall angle at that particular cross-section. It is recommended, while multiple combinations of the relative positions of two forming tools may achieve the same stable angle, that the positioning parameters should be chosen such that the resultant forming force or the wall angle variation between the stable and peak angles is minimized.
Adenovirus Serotype 26 Utilizes CD46 as a Primary Cellular Receptor and Only Transiently Activates T Lymphocytes following Vaccination of Rhesus Monkeys (2012)

The cellular receptor utilized by adenovirus serotype 26 (Ad26) has remained unclear. Here we show that Ad26 transduction is CD46-dependent and is efficiently blocked by anti-CD46 but not anti-CAR antibodies, demonstrating that Ad26 utilizes CD46 as a primary cellular receptor. Moreover, following Ad26 vaccination of rhesus monkeys, we did not observe sustained activation of peripheral or mucosal vector-specific CD4(+) T lymphocytes. These data contribute to our understanding of Ad26 as a candidate vaccine vector.
Unified wavelet and gaussian filtering for segmentation of CT images; application in segmentation of bone in pelvic CT images (2009)

Preliminary experimental results of the automated method show accurate bone segmentation. The novelty of the method lies in the unique hierarchical combination of image enhancement and segmentation methods that aims at maximizing the advantages of the combined algorithms. The proposed method has the following advantages: it produces accurate bone segmentation with maintaining bone contour and size true to the original image and is suitable for automated bone segmentation from pelvic CT images.