gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
PE-g-MA, PP-g-MA and SEBS-g-MA compatibilizers used in material blends (2017)

This paper attempts to identify and classify the main uses of three compatibilizers used in polymer blends with extended applicability, such as PE-g-MA (Polyethylene-graft-maleic anhydride), PP-g-MA (Polypropylene-graft-maleic anhydride ) and SEBS-g-MA (Styrene-Ethylene / Butylene-Styrene-maleic anhydride-graft), mainly used in three fields of application: improving properties of the base compound, as compatibilizer in the blend of two materials and as an additional component in the mixture of various materials.
Entity linking and retrieval (2013)

This full-day tutorial presents a comprehensive introduction to entity linking and retrieval. Part I provides a detailed overview of entity linking: identifying and disambiguating entity occurrences in unstructured text. Part II focuses on entity retrieval, by first considering scenarios where explicit representations of entities are available, and then moving to a setting where evidence needs to be collected and aggregated from multiple documents or even collections, thereby combining techniques from both entity linking and entity retrieval. Part III concludes the tutorial with an overview and hands-on comparative analysis of applications and publicly available toolkits and web services.
Preventing network instability caused by propagation of control plane poison messages (2003)

We present a framework of fault management for a particular type of failure propagation that we refer to as "poison message failure propagation": Some or all of the network elements have a software or protocol 'bug' which is activated on receipt of a certain network control/management message (the poison message). This activated 'bug' will cause the node to fail with some probability. If the network control or management is such that this message is persistently passed among the network nodes, and if the node failure probability is sufficiently high, large-scale instability can result. In order to mitigate this problem. we propose a combination of passive diagnosis and active diagnosis. Passive diagnosis includes protocol analysis of messages received and sent by failed nodes, correlation of messages among multiple failed nodes and analysis of the pattern of failure propagation. This is combined with active diagnosis in which filters are dynamically configured to block suspect protocols or message types. OPNET simulations show the effectiveness of passive diagnosis. Message filtering is formulated as a sequential decision problem, and a heuristic policy is proposed for this problem.
Mechanisms of Non-Opsonized Zymosan-Induced and Luminol-Enhanced Chemiluminescence in Whole Blood and Isolated Phagocytes (1987)

A luminol-dependent non-opsonized zymosan-induced chemiluminescence method for phagocytes in small quantities of whole blood (40 microliters; final dilution: 1:14) is described. It was characterized with reference to cellular and humoral components, and also applied to isolated neutrophils, eosinophils and monocytes. Normal values for whole blood chemiluminescence and for neutrophils, eosinophils and monocytes are presented. From the chemiluminescence characteristic of distinct phagocytes and their frequency distribution pattern in whole blood, it is concluded that whole blood chemiluminescence has its source predominantly in neutrophils. The question as to the origin of chemiluminescence in phagocytes of whole blood and isolated neutrophils is investigated. The results support the importance of the myeloperoxidase-H2O2-halide system, but also go beyond this. The release of arachidonic acid by phospholipase A2 and of diacylglycerol and inositol trisphosphate by phospholipase C, the metabolism of arachidonic acid by the cyclooxygenase and lipoxygenase pathway, the activation of membrane NADPH oxidase by diacylglycerol and the calcium mobilisation by inositol trisphosphate are necessary for the chemiluminescence reaction. Inhibition of either mechanism suppresses the chemiluminescence response. The interaction of non-opsonized zymosan with plasma opsonins, phagocyte Fc- and complement receptors, respectively, for the initiation of chemiluminescence, was investigated. Non-opsonized zymosan initiates a chemiluminescence response in blood phagocytes in the absence of opsonin from the interaction of the zymosan polysaccharide component glucan with the complement receptor type 3. In the presence of plasma this receptor type also mediates the major chemiluminescence response brought about by the zymosan-coated cleavage products of complement fraction three, iC3b and to a minor degree C3b, while immunoglobulin G-coated zymosan interaction with the Fc-receptor is in this case of minor importance.
Antigenic relationships of equine herpesvirus strains demonstrated by the plaque reduction and neutralization kinetics tests. (1971)

The antigenic relationships among 50 strains of equine herpesvirus (EHV) were studied by neutralization tests using antisera prepared in rabbits against four EHV reference strains: types 2 and 3, cytomegalo-like virus 82-A, and our leukocyte isolant H-40. No distinctive antigenic differences among reference strains were demonstrated in reciprocal neutralization tests but each antiserum neutralized its homologous virus more rapidly than any heterologous strain. Forty-six EHV strains isolated from peripheral blood leukocytes of apparently healthy horses were antigenically indistinguishable from each other and from the four reference strains. Their high degree of antigenic relatedness suggests that these viruses are isolants of a single, widely distributed serotype of which type 2 (LK) strain is a typical representative.
Design and optimization of a high-speed, high-sensitivity, spinning disk confocal microscopy system (2008)

We describe the principles, design, and systems integration of a flexible, high-speed, high-sensitivity, high-resolution confocal spinning disk microscopy (SDCM) system. We present several artifacts unique to high-speed SDCM along with techniques to minimize them. We show example experimental results from a specific implementation capable of generating 3-D image stacks containing 30 2-D slices at 30 stacks per second. This implementation also includes optics for differential interference contrast (DIC), phase, and bright-field imaging, as well as an optical trap with sensitive force and position measurement.
Single station and single antenna direction measurement method assisted by path planning (2015)

A Single Station and Single Antenna Direction Measurement Method has been developed to get the direction between the target and carrier. This method can get the position, velocity, attitude (PVA) and the Doppler between target and carrier through the coupled navigation federal data fusion filter. The direction can be calculated through the attitude information and velocity information. The path planning algorithm can eliminate the false target. The simulation results have shown that this method can get the direction between target and carrier with single station and single antenna. And it can also improve the measurement accuracy and the performance of the system.
Hydrogen bonding steers the product selectivity of electrocatalytic CO reduction (2019)

The product selectivity of many heterogeneous electrocatalytic processes is profoundly affected by the liquid side of the electrocatalytic interface. The electrocatalytic reduction of CO to hydrocarbons on Cu electrodes is a prototypical example of such a process. However, probing the interactions of surface-bound intermediates with their liquid reaction environment poses a formidable experimental challenge. As a result, the molecular origins of the dependence of the product selectivity on the characteristics of the electrolyte are still poorly understood. Herein, we examined the chemical and electrostatic interactions of surface-adsorbed CO with its liquid reaction environment. Using a series of quaternary alkyl ammonium cations ([Formula: see text], [Formula: see text], [Formula: see text], and [Formula: see text]), we systematically tuned the properties of this environment. With differential electrochemical mass spectrometry (DEMS), we show that ethylene is produced in the presence of [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text] cations, whereas this product is not synthesized in [Formula: see text]- and [Formula: see text]-containing electrolytes. Surface-enhanced infrared absorption spectroscopy (SEIRAS) reveals that the cations do not block CO adsorption sites and that the cation-dependent interfacial electric field is too small to account for the observed changes in selectivity. However, SEIRAS shows that an intermolecular interaction between surface-adsorbed CO and interfacial water is disrupted in the presence of the two larger cations. This observation suggests that this interaction promotes the hydrogenation of surface-bound CO to ethylene. Our study provides a critical molecular-level insight into how interactions of surface species with the liquid reaction environment control the selectivity of this complex electrocatalytic process.
Linguistic Analysis of Users' Queries: Towards an Adaptive Information Retrieval System (2007)

Most of information retrieval systems transform natural language users' queries into bags of words that are matched to documents, also represented as bags of words. Through such process, the richness of the query is lost. In this paper we show that linguistic features of a query are good indicators to predict systems failure to answer it. The experiments described here are based on 42 systems or system variants and 50 TREC topics that consist of a descriptive part expressed in natural language.
Effect of phosphorus doping on stress in silicon and polycrystalline silicon (1983)

An investigation of the polysilicon stress properties as a function of film thicknesses and phosphorus doping showed that as-deposited films are moderately compressive, and become less compressive with increasing film thickness. High temperature PBr3 diffusion in silicon produces wafer bending corresponding to a tensile stress in wafer. Following a PBr3 diffusion, polysilicon films, however, become less compressive. Subsequent oxidation introduces an additional compressive stress component of the order of 2−3×109 dyne/cm2 for oxidation temperatures between ∼900−1000 °C. The thermal expansion coefficients were similar for doped and undoped films (α∼2.9 ppm/°C) and slightly less than for 〈100〉 silicon, while the doped films were found to be less stiff than undoped ones but both were less stiff than 〈100〉 silicon. The observed changes in polysilicon stress due to film thickness and phosphorus doping have been interpreted in terms of a grain growth model wherein those factors which lead to enhanced grain growth also result in reduced compressive stresses.
HYDROLYSIS OF CALF THYMUS DEOXYRIBONUCLEATE BY PANCREATIC DEOXYRIBONUCLEASE: I. A STUDY OF THE OLIGONUCLEOTIDES LIBERATED IN THE PRESENCE OF MAGNESIUM OR MANGANESE IONS (1963)

The oligonucleotides obtained from deoxyribonucleic acid by the action of pancreatic deoxyribonuclease in the presence of magnesium ions or manganous ions have been analyzed by ion exchange chromatography and by determination of the relative amounts of purine and pyrimidine deoxynucleotides occupying the 5′-terminal position. Evidence of a difference in the specificity of action of the enzyme that is dependent upon the nature of the metal ion activator employed has been adduced.
Self-control of traffic lights and vehicle flows in urban road networks (2008)

Based on fluid-dynamic and many-particle (car-following) simulations of traffic flows in (urban) networks, we study the problem of coordinating incompatible traffic flows at intersections. Inspired by the observation of self-organized oscillations of pedestrian flows at bottlenecks [D. Helbing and P. Moln\'ar, Phys. Eev. E 51 (1995) 4282--4286], we propose a self-organization approach to traffic light control. The problem can be treated as multi-agent problem with interactions between vehicles and traffic lights. Specifically, our approach assumes a priority-based control of traffic lights by the vehicle flows themselves, taking into account short-sighted anticipation of vehicle flows and platoons. The considered local interactions lead to emergent coordination patterns such as ``green waves'' and achieve an efficient, decentralized traffic light control. While the proposed self-control adapts flexibly to local flow conditions and often leads to non-cyclical switching patterns with changing service sequences of different traffic flows, an almost periodic service may evolve under certain conditions and suggests the existence of a spontaneous synchronization of traffic lights despite the varying delays due to variable vehicle queues and travel times. The self-organized traffic light control is based on an optimization and a stabilization rule, each of which performs poorly at high utilizations of the road network, while their proper combination reaches a superior performance. The result is a considerable reduction not only in the average travel times, but also of their variation. Similar control approaches could be applied to the coordination of logistic and production processes.
The distributed genome hypothesis as a rubric for understanding evolution<i>in situ</i>during chronic bacterial biofilm infectious processes (2010)

Most chronic infectious disease processes associated with bacteria are characterized by the formation of a biofilm that provides for bacterial attachment to the host tissue or the implanted medical device. The biofilm protects the bacteria from the host's adaptive immune response as well as predation by phagocytic cells. However, the most insidious aspect of biofilm biology from the host's point of view is that the biofilm provides an ideal setting for bacterial horizontal gene transfer (HGT). HGT provides for large-scale genome content changes in situ during the chronic infectious process. Obviously, for HGT processes to result in the reassortment of alleles and genes among bacterial strains, the infection must be polyclonal (polymicrobial) in nature. In this review, we marshal the evidence that all of the factors are present in biofilm infections to support HGT that results in the ongoing production of novel strains with unique combinations of genic characteristics and that the continual production of large numbers of novel, but related bacterial strains leads to persistence. This concept of an infecting population of bacteria undergoing mutagenesis to produce a 'cloud' of similar strains to confuse and overwhelm the host's immune system parallels genetic diversity strategies used by viral and parasitic pathogens.
Maximum-Margin Matrix Factorization (2004)

We present a novel approach to collaborative prediction, using low-norm instead of low-rank factorizations. The approach is inspired by, and has strong connections to, large-margin linear discrimination. We show how to learn low-norm factorizations by solving a semi-definite program, and discuss generalization error bounds for them. 1
Self-adaptived dynamic grid-based method in data distributed management (2008)

In order to resolve the general adaptive problem of the dynamic grid-based algorithm in distributed interactive simulation based on HLA,this paper thorougly researches the theory proof and formula deduction of the dynamic grid-based algorithm,and the self-adaptived dynamic grid-based algorithm is suggested out.The availability of danimic grid-based algorithm is studied under two special situations by theory proving and formula deducing dwell on,and the results of instance imply that the self-adaptived dynamic grid-based algorithm is availability under the two special situations by changing the emplement process of the dynamic grid-based algorithm.The conclusions show that the self-adaptived dynamic grid-based algorithm changed is self-adaptived,can reach the goal of the data distributed management and hugely improves the effect and efficiency of the high complexity simulation system based on HLA.
EgoGesture: A New Dataset and Benchmark for Egocentric Hand Gesture Recognition (2018)

Gesture is a natural interface in human-computer interaction, especially interacting with wearable devices, such as VR/AR helmet and glasses. However, in the gesture recognition community, it lacks of suitable datasets for developing egocentric (first-person view) gesture recognition methods, in particular in the deep learning era. In this paper, we introduce a new benchmark dataset named EgoGesture with sufficient size, variation, and reality to be able to train deep neural networks. This dataset contains more than 24 000 gesture samples and 3 000 000 frames for both color and depth modalities from 50 distinct subjects. We design 83 different static and dynamic gestures focused on interaction with wearable devices and collect them from six diverse indoor and outdoor scenes, respectively, with variation in background and illumination. We also consider the scenario when people perform gestures while they are walking. The performances of several representative approaches are systematically evaluated on two tasks: gesture classification in segmented data and gesture spotting and recognition in continuous data. Our empirical study also provides an in-depth analysis on input modality selection and domain adaptation between different scenes.
Developmental regulation of creatine kinase isoenzymes in myogenic cell cultures from chicken. Levels of mRNA for creatine kinase subunits M and B. (1979)

During the first 2 days of culture of myogenic chicken cells only minute amounts of mRNA for a subunit of creatine kinase, M-CK, could be found in cultures from the 3rd and 4th day; however, a dramatic increase of mRNA for the muscle-specific M-CK was observed. The mRNA for B-CK, another subunit of creatine kinase, was readily detectable in young cultures increased up to the 3rd day in culture but decreased significantly 1 day later. The comparison of the ratios of mRNA concentrations for M-CK and B-CK in polysomal and total cellular RNA did not reveal significant differences in polysomal and total cellular RNA from 24-, 48-, and 68-h cultures, indicating that specific accumulation of a nonpolysomal form containing translatable mRNA for M-CK prior to its appearance in the polysomes does not seem to represent a major mechanism of regulation. In RNA from cells grown in 5-bromo-2'-deoxyuridine (BrdUrd) for 3 days and subcultured into the same medium for another 3 days only mRNA for B-CK was found. If cells, however, were subcultured into standard medium both mRNAs, the one for B-CK and the one for M-CK could be detected. BrdUrd inhibition seems to affect only the mRNA for M-CK and not the one for B-CK. Removal of BrdUrd from the cultures probably allows new transcription or processing of mRNA for M-CK, or both.
Changes to estuarine and coastal systems in the NT: Macro tides and cyclones (2010)

All of the Northern Territory's shorelines experience strong winds and seas resulting from seasonal winds and cyclonic depressions. The estuaries across the top end of the NT are predominantly macro tidal while the east facing estuaries are meso tidal. All receive freshwater flood flows from large catchments during the wet season. The NT coast supports several shipping ports supporting the LNG and minerals export industries. Darwin Harbour is the largest of the deep water harbours and is adjacent to the capital city with a population of 100,000 people. Also along the shorelines are many coastal wetlands that are significant habitats for fisheries, migratory birds and vegetation such as paperbark and mangroves. Over the past several decades changes have been noted in these wetlands being mainly saltwater intrusion and shoaling of estuaries. The NT experiences seasonal tidal fluctuations of up to 0.3 metres about mean sea level due to the effects of the interaction of the seasonal winds across the broad shallow continental shelf and the shallow waters of the Gulf of Carpentaria. The estuaries are highly turbid and exhibit sediment trapping efficiencies resulting in the shoaling of the estuary. If climate change scenarios are realised then the Northern Territory coast may experiences more sediment discharge and resultant shoaling, greater saltwater intrusion into coastal freshwater wetlands resulting in loss of freshwater wetland habitat and increased shoreline erosion threatening infrastructure and habitat. Data has been collected on the physical behaviour of selected estuaries and a systematic program of model development is being implemented. The models will use the newly deployed Integrated Marine Observation System (IMOS) network in the Joseph Bonaparte Gulf and Darwin Harbour to further refine the models so that predictions on the consequence of a range of climatic scenarios can be made. Several examples will be shown.
Reference block updating when tracking with block matching algorithm (2000)

An important problem when using the block matching algorithm to track objects is how to update the reference block to take account of the changing target appearance. A variety of update strategies are reported and compared.
Targeted Delivery of Small and Macromolecular Drugs (2010)

Site-specific drug delivery and targeting attracts much research interest from both academia and industry, but because of the many challenges faced in the development of these systems, only a handful of targeted therapies have successfully made it into clinical practice. Focusing on the delivery technologies that utilize both systemic and local rou
New Approaches To the Understanding of the Molecular Basis of Oral Cancer (2001)

Cancers of the oral cavity, salivary glands, larynx, and pharynx, collectively referred to as squamous cell carcinomas of the head and neck (HNSCC), are the sixth most common cancer among men in the developed world. The prognosis of HNSCC patients is still poor, which reflects the fact that although the risk factors for HNSCC are well-recognized, very little is known about the molecular mechanisms responsible for this malignancy. This review describes some of the current efforts and technological advances that have focused on the creation of a complete information infrastructure for genes expressed during squamous cell carcinogenesis. These include: the recently described HNSCC-specific chromosomal alterations (cCAP); the Head and Neck Cancer Genome Anatomy Project (HN-CGAP), whose goal is the systematic identification and cataloguing of known and novel genes expressed during tumor development; and the use of laser-capture microdissection (LCM), which is pivotal for the comprehensive molecular characterization of normal, pre-cancerous, and malignant cells by means of DNA-array technology. The latter provides the means for the analysis of expression patterns of thousands of genes simultaneously. The use of LCM for proteomics and DNA analysis is also included in this review. These revolutionary approaches are likely to have an unprecedented impact on cancer biology, and provide exciting opportunities to unravel the still-unknown mechanisms involved in squamous cell carcinogenesis. They are also expected to provide a molecular blueprint for HNSCC, thus helping to identify suitable markers for the early detection of preneoplastic lesions, as well as novel targets for pharmacological intervention in this disease.