gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Toward lead halide perovskite-based intermediate band absorbers (2017)

Lead halide perovskites allow easy access to the long minority carrier lifetimes and diffusion lengths desirable for traditional photovoltaics. We explore the extent to which these semiconductors may be translated to a substitutionally-doped intermediate band absorber. We computationally and experimentally explore the substitution of transition metals on the Pb site of MAPbX <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3</sub> (MA = methylammonium, X = Br or Cl) to achieve a tunable density of states within the parent gap. First-principles density functional theory (DFT) calculations support the existence of intermediate bands upon Co incorporation as do an experimentally observed sub-gap absorption confirmed by UV-visible-NIR absorption spectroscopy.
Biomarkers on patient T cells diagnose active tuberculosis and monitor treatment response (2015)

This study was funded by Emory University, the NIH, and the Yerkes National Primate Center.
Register-transfer level estimation techniques for switching activity and power consumption (1996)

We present techniques for estimating switching activity and power consumption in register-transfer level (RTL) circuits. Previous work on this topic has ignored the presence of glitching activity at various data path and control signals, which can lead to significant underestimation of switching activity. For data path blocks that operate on word-level data, we construct piecewise linear models that capture the variation of output glitching activity and power consumption with various word-level parameters like mean, standard deviation, spatial and temporal correlations, and glitching activity at the block's inputs. For RTL blocks that operate on data that need not have an associated word-level value, we present accurate bit-level modeling techniques for glitching activity as well as power consumption. This allows us to perform accurate power estimation for control-flow intensive circuits, where most of the power consumed is dissipated in non-arithmetic components like multiplexers, registers, vector logic operators, etc. Since the final implementation of the controller is not available during high-level design iterations, we develop techniques that estimate glitching activity at control signals using control expressions and partial delay information. Experiments on example RTL designs resulted in power estimates that were within 7% of those produced by an inhouse power analysis tool on the final gate-level implementation.
T-Cell Epitopes in Variable Segments of<i>Chlamydia trachomatis</i>Major Outer Membrane Protein Elicit Serovar-Specific Immune Responses in Infected Humans (2000)

We previously identified 18 stimulatory Chlamydia trachomatis major outer membrane protein (MOMP) peptides containing at least 23 epitopes presented with various HLA class II allotypes. Only one peptide contained an epitope localized in a variable segment (VS2). Continued studies reported here identified a total of five VS peptides containing T-cell epitopes that are distributed among MOMPs VS1, VS2, and VS4. Only MOMP-primed T-cell cultures from subjects infected with serovar E responded to the serovar E VS peptides, while the response of such cultures to constant-segment peptides was independent of the infecting serovar. Furthermore, MOMP-primed T cells proliferated in response only to the VS peptides encoded in serovar E but not to the corresponding peptides derived from serovar F, I, or J, confirming that these responses were serovar specific.
Microwave Applications of Photonic Band Gap Structures (2000)

We have investigated two major applications of photonic band gap materials. We demonstrated the guiding and bending of electromagnetic waves through planar waveguides built around layer-by-layer photonic crystals. We then investigated the radiation properties of an antenna that was formed by a hybrid combination of a monopole radiation source and a cavity built around the same photonic crystal structure.
Antineoplastic Agents. 520. Isolation and Structure of Irciniastatins A and B from the Indo-Pacific Marine Sponge <i>Ircinia </i><i>r</i><i>amosa</i> (2004)

The Indo-Pacific marine sponge Ircinia ramosa has been found to contain two powerful (GI50 from 0.001 to <0.0001 microg/mL) murine and human cancer cell growth inhibitors. Both were isolated (10(-3)-10(-4)% yields) by cancer cell line bioassay-guided techniques and named irciniastatins A (1) and B (2). Structural elucidation by a combination of spectral analyses, primarily high resolution mass and 2D-NMR (principally APT, HMQC, HMBC, and ROESY) spectroscopy, revealed the unusual structures 1 and 2.
Improved spectral optical coherence tomography using optical frequency comb (2008)

We identify and analyze factors influencing sensitivity drop-off in Spectral OCT and propose a system employing an Optical Frequency Comb (OFC) to verify this analysis. Spectral Optical Coherence Tomography using a method based on an optical frequency comb is demonstrated. Since the spectrum sampling function is determined by the comb rather than detector pixel distribution, this method allows to overcome limitations of high resolution Fourier-domain OCT techniques. Additionally, the presented technique also enables increased imaging range while preserving high axial resolution. High resolution cross-sectional images of biological samples obtained with the proposed technique are presented.
A Test of Sudomotor Nerve Function Measuring Output and Distribution of Individual Sweat Glands (S18.008) (2016)

Objective: Introduction of a device to quantify secretion of individual sweat glands (SGs) for diagnosis of peripheral neuropathy. Background: Early detection of peripheral neuropathy is essential as treatment is most effective near the onset of symptoms. Current methods are either qualitative and insensitive, such as the bedside examination, or expensive and in short supply, such as electromyography and standardized autonomic testing. Sweat testing is an established functional measure of small nerve fibers that are early indicators of peripheral neuropathy. We introduce a clinic-based medical device to simultaneously quantify output of several hundred individual SGs. Methods: We tested healthy controls and patients with neuropathy. Sweating was stimulated by iontophoresis of pilocarpine or acetylcholine, and imaged through a transparent starch-coated screen over iodine-painted skin. Computer analysis calculated number of active SGs, mean secretion rate of SGs, total sweat volume and distribution pattern. These are compared between control and neuropathy groups, between reagents, between serial tests, and between direct and axon reflex testing. A subset of controls had complete axon reflex halos imaged to determine the number of stimulated SGs, total volume of indirect sweating, and distribution of radii. Results: Normative data from healthy controls was calculated for each measure using both reagents at four body sites. Sensitivity and specificity of each measure for detection of neuropathy was calculated using the 5th percentile of controls as the threshold. Neuropathy patients showed reduced sweating compared to controls, most prominently at the foot. Strong correlations are seen between direct stimulation with acetylcholine and pilocarpine, and between direct acetylcholine and axon reflex sweating, with the latter generally less. Conclusions: Normative data and comparison with neuropathy patients suggests the test provides a reliable, sensitive and detailed measure of peripheral nerve function. Quantification of individual SGs and their output provides greater sensitivity than measurement of total sweating alone.
A malleable audio representation for data compression (2000)

The boundaries between audio data compression and audio synthesis/modifications are blurring as research in both fields progresses. New results using a sines + transients + noise parametric representation allows for coding gains as efficient as the most recent nonparametric transform coding schemes. Because the audio input is decomposed into separate sinusoidal, transient, and noiselike signals, aggressive quantization can be performed independently on each signal in a perceptually meaningful manner. While the sines + transients + noise representation allows for good compression rates, it also allows for high-quality time-scale modification in the compressed domain. The multiresolution sinusoidal modeling and the Bark-band noise modeling utilized in this representation have been used in both the music synthesis and audio/speech coding arenas. The transient modeling in this representation uses similar algorithms to those used in transform coding systems.
Aggregate Culture of Human Embryonic Stem Cell-Derived Hepatocytes in Suspension Are an Improved In Vitro Model for Drug Metabolism and Toxicity Testing (2014)

Early phase drug development relies on primary human hepatocytes for studies of drug metabolism, cytotoxicity, and drug-drug interactions. However, primary human hepatocytes rapidly lose metabolic functions ex vivo and are refractory to expansion in culture and thus are limited in quantity. Hepatocytes derived from human pluripotent stem cells (either embryonic stem (ES) or induced pluripotent stem (iPS) cells), have the potential to overcome many of the limitations of primary human hepatocytes, but to date the use of human pluripotent stem cell-derived hepatocytes has been limited by poor enzyme inducibility and immature metabolic function. Here, we present a simple suspension culture of aggregates of ES cell-derived hepatocytes that compared to conventional monolayer adherent culture significantly increases induction of CYP 1A2 by omeprazole and 3A4 by rifampicin. Using liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry, we further show that ES cell-derived hepatocytes in aggregate culture convert omeprazole and rifampicin to their human-specific metabolites. We also show that these cells convert acetaminophen (APAP) to its cytotoxic metabolite (N-acetyl-p-benzoquinone imine (NAPQI)), although they fail to perform APAP glucuronidation. In summary, we show that human pluripotent stem cell-derived hepatocytes in aggregate culture display improved enzymatic inducibility and metabolic function and is a promising step toward a simple, scalable system, but nonetheless will require further improvements to completely replace primary human hepatocytes in drug development.
Cooperative self-assembly for structure and morphology control of energetic materials (2018)

The performance of energetic materials (EM) varies significantly across production lots due to the inability of current production methods to yield consistent morphology and size. Lot - to - lot variations and the inability to remake the needed characteristics that meet specification is costly, increases uncertainty, and creates additional risk in programs using these materials. There is thus a pressing need to more reliably formulate EMs with greater control of mor pholog y . The goal of this project is to use the surfactant - assisted self - assembly to generate EM particles with well - defined size and external morphologies using triaminotrinitrobenzene (TATB) and hexanitrohexaazaisowurtzitane (CL - 20) as these EMs are both prevalent in the stockpile and present interesting/urgent reprocessing challenges. W e intend to understand fundamental science on how molecular packing influences EM morphology. We develop scale up fabrication of EM particle s with controlled morphology, p romising to eliminate inconsistent performance by providing a trusted and reproducible method to improve EM s for NW applications.
Design and operation of a high-energy railgun facility (1989)

A high-energy railgun range has recently been put into operation. Projectiles are fired straight down into a target chamber 45-m underground. After discussing the design philosophy, the authors describe the railgun, the bore-finishing and gauging, the solid armatures, the buswork, and the breech access. It is concluded that the different components of the range are designed not just for safety and to function well but for operational convenience as well.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
A biomimetic collagen–apatite scaffold with a multi-level lamellar structure for bone tissue engineering (2014)

Collagen-apatite (Col-Ap) scaffolds have been widely employed for bone tissue engineering. We fabricated a Col-Ap scaffold with a unique multi-level lamellar structure consisting of co-aligned micro and macro pores. The basic building blocks of this scaffold are bone-like mineralized collagen fibers developed via a biomimetic self-assembly process in a collagen-containing modified simulated body fluid (m-SBF). This biomimetic method preserves the structural integrity and great tensile strength of collagen by reinforcing the collagen hydrogel with apatite nano-particles. Unidirectional aligned macro pores with a size of 63.8 to 344 μm are created by controlling the freezing rate and direction. The thickness of Col-Ap lamellae can be adjusted in the range 3.6 to 23 μm depending on the self-compression time. Furthermore, the multi-level lamellar structure has led to a twelve-fold increase in Young's modulus and a two-fold increase in the compression modulus along the aligned direction compared to a scaffold of the same composition with an isotropic equiaxed pore structure. Moreover, this novel lamellar scaffold supports the attachment and spreading of MC3T3-E1osteoblasts. Therefore, owing to the biomimetic composition, tunable structure, improved mechanical strength, and good biocompatibility of this novel scaffold, it has great potential to be used in bone tissue engineering applications.
Clustering-based Assignment within CoMP systems (2013)

More and more Coordinated Multi-Point (CoMP) systems are attracting interest as a means to improve the performance of conventional cellular networks, particularly thanks to the joint processing approach. However, the large amount of signaling and computer operations required deserves special attention regarding both backhaul and radio resources constraints. Partitioning the set of transmission points into clusters is likely to reduce this coordination cost, but the search for the best formations of clusters may lead to expressive further computational efforts. Herein we introduce a novel approach, the Clustering-based Assignment Algorithm (CbAA), to cluster dynamically the transmission points on the downlink in order to transmit coherently to multiple users. When compared to static clustering, the proposed CbAA provided expressive gains in terms of system spectral efficiency. Compared to state-of-the-art dynamic clustering approaches, CbAA can waive the exhaustive search over all possible formations as well as the repetitive precoder calculations during the clustering procedure.
Genotyping of <i>Chlamydophila psittaci</i> by Real-Time PCR and High-Resolution Melt Analysis (2008)

Human infection with Chlamydophila (Chlamydia) psittaci can lead to psittacosis, a disease that occasionally results in severe pneumonia and other medical complications. C. psittaci is currently grouped into seven avian genotypes: A through F and E/B. Serological testing, outer membrane protein A (ompA) gene sequencing, and restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis are currently used for distinguishing these genotypes. Although accurate, these methods are time-consuming and require multiple confirmatory tests. By targeting the ompA gene, a real-time PCR assay has been developed to rapidly detect and genotype C. psittaci by light-upon-extension chemistry and high-resolution melt analysis. Using this assay, we screened 169 animal specimens; 98 were positive for C. psittaci (71.4% genotype A, 3.1% genotype B, 4.1% genotype E, and 21.4% unable to be typed). This test may provide insight into the distribution of each genotype among specific hosts and provide epidemiological and epizootiological data in human and mammalian/avian cases. This diagnostic assay may also have veterinary applications during chlamydial outbreaks, particularly with respect to identifying the sources and tracking the movements of a particular genotype when multiple animal facilities are affected.
Effects of baculovirus infection on IE1-mediated foreign gene expression in stably transformed insect cells (1993)

Previously, we produced transformed insect cell lines that can express a selected foreign protein constitutively, in the absence of baculovirus infection (D. L. Jarvis, J. G. W. Fleming, G. R. Kovacs, M. D. Summers, and L. A. Guarino, Bio/Technology 8:950-955, 1990). These cells contain stably integrated copies of chimeric genes consisting of the promoter from an immediate-early baculovirus gene, IE1, and the sequences encoding either human tissue plasminogen activator or Escherichia coli beta-galactosidase. Transcription of the integrated genes in these cells is specifically controlled by the IE1 promoter. The purpose of this study was to determine how baculovirus infection influences IE1-mediated foreign protein production by these stably transformed insect cell lines. The results showed that viral infection transiently stimulated and then strongly inhibited the production of both tissue plasminogen activator, a secreted protein, and beta-galactosidase, an intracellular protein. These effects reflected virus-induced changes in the steady-state levels of RNA produced by the integrated genes. Transient assays showed that expression of the viral IEN gene alone could account for the increased levels of RNA observed early in infection. The precise mechanism accounting for the decreased levels of RNA observed later in infection was not determined. However, we obtained evidence that the native IE1 promoter remains active throughout infection, which suggested indirectly that the integrated IE1 promoter is transcriptionally inactivated at late times of baculovirus infection. Thus, the same promoter behaved quite differently late in infection, depending on its local environment. Neither methylation nor degradation appeared to be responsible for inactivating IE1-mediated expression of the integrated genes. The significance of these results with respect to the baculovirus-host interaction and the practical applications of stably transformed insect cell lines are discussed.
Preparation of large-particle-size monodisperse latexes in space: The STS-3, STS-4, and STS-7 mission results (1984)

Large-particle-size monodisperse latexes were prepared on four STS missions of the space shuttles Columbia and Challenger using flight hardware comprising four automated 100 cm(3) polymerization reactors. Seven polymerizations carried out on the March 1982 STS-3 mission of the Columbia, and the April 1983 STS-6 and June 1983 STS-7 missions of the Challenger, gave monodisperse latexes of 5 to 18 micron diameter with narrower particle size distributions than the corresponding ground-based control polymerizations. The rates of polymerization in microgravity were the same as on Earth. The results of these experiments are reviewed, and the prospects of the development of a space production process are discussed.
Review article: the assessment of liver function using breath tests (2007)

Breath testing that provides continuous quantification of methacetin metabolism may be a sensitive tool for the diagnosis and follow-up of patients with liver disorders.
Distributed Propulsion Aircraft with Aeroelastic Wing Shaping Control for Improved Aerodynamic Efficiency (2018)

This study presents an aeroelastic wing shaping control concept for distributed propulsion aircraft. By leveraging wing flexibility, wing-mounted distributed propulsion can be used to re-twist wing shapes in-flight to improve aerodynamic efficiency. A multidisciplinary approach is used to develop an aero-propulsive-elastic model of a highly flexible wing distributed propulsion transport aircraft. The conceptual model is used to evaluate the aerodynamic benefit of the distributed propulsion aircraft. The initial conceptual analysis shows that an improvement in the aerodynamic efficiency quantity of lift-to-drag ratio is possible with the proposed aeroelastic wing shaping control for distributed propulsion aircraft. Two concepts are studied: single-generator configuration and dual-generator configuration with four propulsors per wing. The baseline aircraft model is NASA Generic Transport Model. A fan performance analysis is developed for propulsion sizing. Cruise performance analysis is conducted to evaluate the potential improvement in the cruise range for the configurations under study. A flutter analysis is performed to address the potential flutter issue as the propulsors are placed toward the wing tip, which would cause a reduction in the wing natural frequencies. Flight control considerations are addressed in the context of the engine-out requirement, yaw and roll controls, and yaw damping augmentation using differential thrust.
Preservation of chick primordial germ cells in liquid nitrogen and subsequent production of viable offspring (1994)

Conservation of genetic material in chickens was attempted by preserving primordial germ cells in liquid nitrogen. Primordial germ cells collected from the blood of embryos at stage 13-15 of White Leghorn and Barred Plymouth Rock breeds were concentrated by Ficoll density gradient centrifugation. The primordial germ cells were then suspended in a freezing medium containing 10% dimethyl sulfoxide. The temperature of the cell suspension was decreased by 1 degree C min-1 to -80 degrees C; the suspension was then placed in liquid nitrogen (-196 degrees C) and stored for 4-5 months. The cell suspension was thawed by taking it out of liquid nitrogen and placing it in water at 4 degrees C. The viability of the frozen-thawed primordial germ cells was 94.2%. One hundred frozen-thawed cells were injected into the bloodstream of recipient embryos (stage 14-15) from the other breed, from which blood had been drawn before the injection. These embryos were cultured in recipient eggshells until hatching. Viable offspring derived from the frozen-thawed primordial germ cells were obtained by mating male and female germline chimaeras or by mating the chimaeras with Barred Plymouth Rock chickens, and the offspring showed normal reproductive performance. This technique for cryopreservation of primordial germ cells giving rise to viable offspring makes it possible to conserve genetic material in avian species.
Measurement of magnetic fields using the magneto-optic Kerr effect (1993)

A technique for measuring small magnetic fields using a thin amorphous magnetic film and the magneto-optic Kerr effect has been developed. A thin film having in-plane uniaxial anisotropy is aligned such that an external magnetic field rotates the film magnetization in a controllable manner. This magnetization rotation is ‘‘read’’ optically by a coherent homodyne measurement of the amount of polarization rotation caused by the magneto-optic Kerr effect during reflectance of polarized light from the film surface, using one polarization as the local oscillator. The resulting signal is linear in magnetic field. Initial noise equivalent magnetic field sensitivity measurements of the technique yield 2 mOe/Hz1/2 at a frequency of 8 mHz. Calculations indicate that sensitivities of order 10−6 Oe/Hz1/2 are obtainable using this technique.