gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Targeting Steroidogenic Cytochromes P450 (CYPs) with 6‐Substituted 1‐Imidazolylmethylxanthones (2016)

Abnormally high corticosteroid levels are responsible for the onset of serious hormone-related diseases, and the inhibition of their biosynthesis by targeting cytochrome P450 (CYP) isoforms CYP11B1 and CYP11B2 has emerged as a promising strategy to restore healthy physiological levels of corticosteroids. With the aim of exploiting the xanthone scaffold as a privileged structure in medicinal chemistry and to further explore the chemical space of inhibitors of these CYPs, a small library of imidazolylmethylxanthones was designed based on the results of a previously described compound series. Assuming the capacity for an additional interaction with these enzymes, a properly selected substituent was introduced at position 6 of the xanthone core, maintaining the key imidazolylmethyl moiety at position 1. The 6-fluoro and 6-nitro derivatives [1-(1H-imidazol-1-yl)methyl-6-fluoro-9H-xanthen-9-one (1 a) and 1-(1H-imidazol-1-yl)methyl-6-nitro-9H-xanthen-9-one (1 d), respectively] proved to be active in the low nanomolar range, showing selectivity toward the related steroidogenic enzymes CYP19 and CYP17, even if the problem of selectivity between the two CYP11B isoforms remains unsolved. On the other hand, the 6-chloro derivative 1-(1H-imidazol-1-yl)methyl-6-chloro-9H-xanthen-9-one (1 b) was found to be a fairly potent and somewhat selective CYP19 inhibitor, confirming the versatility of the scaffold.
Retracted: Experimental Study of Local Inner Ear Gene Therapy for Controlling Autoimmune Sensorineural Hearing Loss (2017)

[This retracts the article DOI: 10.1155/2014/134658.].
ChemInform Abstract: Chemical and Pharmacological Research on Pyran Derivatives. Part 16. (1986)

Abstract Die Chromone (I) können zum Chlor‐chromon (II) bzw. den Dinitro‐chromonen (III) und (IV) umgesetzt werden.
Glottal-to-Noise Excitation Ratio - a New Measure for Describing Pathological Voices (1997)

Summary In this article a new acoustic parameter for the objective description of voice quality is introduced. It is based on the correlation coefficientfor Hilbert envelopes of different frequency bands. The parameter indicates whether a given voice signal originates from vibrations of the vocal folds or from turbulent noise generated in the vocal tract and is thus related to (but not a direct measure of) breathiness. Therefore it is named Glottal-to-Noise Excitation Ratio (GNE Ratio). GNE is compared to HNR (Harmonics-to-Noise Ratio) and NNE (Normalized Noise Energy), existing measures also sensitive to additive noise (turbulence). Experiments with artificialsignals show that only the GNE is almost independent of frequency modulation noise (jitter) and amplitude modulation noise (shimmer).
Technological and practical challenges of dry powder inhalers and formulations (2014)

In the 50 years following the introduction of the first dry powder inhaler to the market, several developments have occurred. Multiple-unit dose and multi-dose devices have been introduced, but first generation capsule inhalers are still widely used for new formulations. Many new particle engineering techniques have been developed and considerable effort has been put in understanding the mechanisms that control particle interaction and powder dispersion during inhalation. Yet, several misconceptions about optimal inhaler performance manage to survive in modern literature. It is, for example still widely believed that a flow rate independent fine particle fraction contributes to an inhalation performance independent therapy, that dry powder inhalers perform best at 4 kPa (or 60 L/min) and that a high resistance device cannot be operated correctly by patients with reduced lung function. Nevertheless, there seems to be a great future for dry powder inhalation. Many new areas of interest for dry powder inhalation are explored and with the assistance of new techniques like computational fluid dynamics and emerging particle engineering technologies, this is likely to result in a new generation of inhaler devices and formulations, that will enable the introduction of new therapies based on inhaled medicines.
Analysis of Invariant Meta-features for Learning and Understanding Disable People's Emotional Behavior Related to Their Health Conditions: A Case Study (2006)

"There are million individuals with disabilities with traumatic emotional experiences due to their health issues leading frustration and depression, where a major factor for it is their emotional behavior". Emotion is a topic that has received much attention during the last few years, both in the context of speech synthesis, image understanding as well in automatic speech recognition, interactive dialogues systems and wearable computing. There are few promising studies on the emotional behavior of people with disabilities. These studies are partial due to the lack Information technology and engineering (ITE) techniques that make available a deeper and large scale non-invasive analysis and evaluation of the disabled people emotional behavior in order to provide tools and support for helping them to overcome social and health barriers. A quantitative and qualitative study of emotional invariant meta-features to support the development of emotionally rich man-machine interfaces (interactive dialogue systems and intelligent avatars) for people with disabilities is the subject of this paper
Effect of sample geometry on synchronous fluorimetric analysis of petrol, diesel, kerosene and their mixtures at higher concentration (2000)

A comparison of synchronous fluorescence scan (SFS) spectra of petrol, diesel and their mixtures with kerosene in front surface, 45° and 90° angle sample geometry as obtainable from a commercial fluorimeter reveals that 90° angle sample geometry provides certain distinct characteristics to SFS spectra. The presence of extensive inner filter effects and resonance energy transfer in petroleum products are the major causes of the distinctive characteristics of these spectra. These characteristics enable the development of calibration plots for mixture samples (petrol–kerosene and diesel–kerosene) based on the shift in λSFSmax and SFS intensity. This novel method shows promise in detecting and estimating the contamination of petrol and diesel by kerosene. Calibration graphs obtained from SFS intensity measurement are found to be efficacious in the whole range 0–90% v/v of kerosene, and give a good linearity in the adulteration range generally found in the field (0–50% v/v) for petrol and diesel. The method is simple, rapid and superior both in terms of sensitivity (0.1% v/v) and accuracy to other analytical methods used for petroleum product analysis.
Spoken document retrieval for TREC-7 at Cambridge University (1998)

This paper presents work done at Cambridge University, on the TREC-7 Spoken Document Retrieval (SDR) Track. The broadcast news audio was transcribed using a 2-pass gender-dependent HTK speech recogniser which ran at 50 times real time and gave an overall word error rate of 24.8%, the lowest in the track. The Okapi-based retrieval engine used in TREC-6 by the City/Cambridge University collaboration was supplemented by improving the stop-list, adding a bad-spelling mapper and stemmer exceptions list, adding word-pair information, integrating part-of-speech weighting on query terms and including some pre-search statistical expansion. The final system gave an average precision of 0.4817 on the reference and 0.4509 on the automatic transcription, with the R-precision being 0.4603 and 0.4330 respectively. The paper also presents results on a new set of 60 queries with assessments for the TREC-6 test document data used for development purposes, and analyses the relationship between recognition accuracy, as defined by a pre-processed term error rate, and retrieval performance for both sets of data.
Protective effects of oxygenated St. Thomas' Hospital cardioplegic solution during ischaemic cardiac arrest: improved function, metabolism and ultrastructure. (1993)

The isolated working rat heart model was use to define the cardioprotective effects (function, metabolic and ultrastructure) of the oxygenated St. Thomas' Hospital No. 2 cardioplegic solution (STH) during lengthy, hypothermic ischaemia (20 degrees C, 4 hours and 5 hours). Hearts (n = 9 for each group) were arrested with and exposed to multidose reinfusion (2 min every 40 min interval) throughout the ischaemic period with the cold (4 degrees C) STH or oxygenated (95% O2:5% CO2) STH. Oxygenated STH significantly (p < 0.01) improved the postischaemic recovery of cardiac output from 49.5 +/- 11.1% to 96.8 +/- 1.5% (in 4 hours) and from 20.3 +/- 7.2% to 72.2 +/- 5% (in 5 hours). Other indices of functional recovery showed similar improved performance with the significant decrease in time from the onset of reperfusion to the return of regular sinus rhythm (57 +/- 8 v 495 +/- 150 s). The efflux of lactate during 5 hr ischaemic arrest was decreased (20.62 +/- 1.3 v 26.18 +/- 1.73 mumol/heart for oxygenated STH and STH, respectively, p < 0.05) and the progressive increase in the coronary vascular resistance was abolished in the oxygenated STH treated hearts. These improvements were associated with the reduction in the decline of the myocardial adenosine triphosphate (14.49 +/- 2 v 3.3 +/- 0.19 mumol/g dry wt), creatine phosphate (24.61 +/- 3.47 v 7.48 +/- 1.34 mumol/g dry wt) and guanosine triphosphate (1.69 +/- 0.2 v 0.84 +/- 0.08 mumol/g dry wt) during ischaemia, total resynthesis after reperfusion (ATP: 103% v 36%, CP: 105% v 69% and GTP: 203% v 61% of control) and the total absence of myocardial cells and microvasculature injuries in ischaemic (non-reperfused) hearts. These results confirm that the provision of additional oxygen to the St. Thomas' Hospital solution (with 95% O2:5% CO2) can meet the metabolic demand of the ischaemic myocardium and thus increase the safe duration of cardiac arrest.
Alkali Metals in Circulating Fluidized Bed Combustion of Biomass and Coal: Measurements and Chemical Equilibrium Analysis (2005)

Combustion and co-combustion experiments with four kinds of straw, specially selected for their different alkali, Cl, and Si contents, and Columbian black coal were carried out in a circulating fluidized bed (CFB) reactor at Delft University of Technology. The influence of operating conditions and fuel composition on the release of the alkali compounds to the gas phase was investigated. The amount of the total gas-phase sodium and potassium compounds in the flue gases was measured with excimer laser induced fluorescence (ELIF). The results show that the release of gaseous alkali species depends on fuel composition, in particular the K/Cl and K/Si ratios in the fuel. The fuels with high K and Cl values show higher concentrations of the gaseous alkalis. A synergetic effect of the co-combustion with coal was observed, which led to a strong decrease in gaseous alkali concentrations. Together with experiments, chemical equilibrium modeling was performed to help in interpreting the experimental data. The calculations confirmed that the equilibrium is very strongly influenced by the composition of the fuel blend. Moreover, the simulations provided more information on sequestering of alkali species.
Serum soluble CD44 levels for monitoring disease states in acute leukemia and myelodysplastic syndromes. (1998)

To determine the clinical implications of soluble CD44 (sCD44) levels in hematologic neoplasias, we developed an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for sCD44 using two monoclonal antibodies to the standard 90 kDa form, and assessed the serum concentration of sCD44 in normal healthy volunteers, patients with acute leukemia, myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS), and those with chronic myeloid leukemia (CML). Compared to that in normal individuals (n=51; 145. 1 24.6 ng/ml), the serum sCD44 level was significantly elevated in patients with acute myeloid leukemia (AML; n=18; 331.9 99.0 ng/ml, P=0.0001), acute lymphoid leukemia (ALL; n=16; 551.3 427.8 ng/ml, P=0.0001) and CML (n=18; 262.0 97.5 ng/ml, P=0.0001). The sCD44 level was slightly elevated in patients with MDS (n=43; 173.8 54.9 ng/ml, P=0.0071). In patients with acute leukemia, serum sCD44 concentrations decreased significantly in response to treatment and reached nearly normal levels after complete remission (P=0.0005 in AML and P=0.0032 in ALL). The sCD44 levels in patients with MDS increased after they developed acute leukemia, whereas no significant difference in sCD44 levels was observed between the chronic and the blastic phases in patients with CML. Our results indicate that serum sCD44 levels may be a useful marker for monitoring response to treatment and disease progression, especially in acute leukemia.
Sampling-based motion planning with reachable volumes: Theoretical foundations (2014)

We introduce a new concept, reachable volumes, that denotes the set of points that the end effector of a chain or linkage can reach. We show that the reachable volume of a chain is equivalent to the Minkowski sum of the reachable volumes of its links, and give an efficient method for computing reachable volumes. We present a method for generating configurations using reachable volumes that is applicable to various types of robots including open and closed chain robots, tree-like robots, and complex robots including both loops and branches. We also describe how to apply constraints (both on end effectors and internal joints) using reachable volumes. Unlike previous methods, reachable volumes work for spherical and prismatic joints as well as planar joints. Visualizations of reachable volumes can allow an operator to see what positions the robot can reach and can guide robot design. We present visualizations of reachable volumes for representative robots including closed chains and graspers as well as for examples with joint and end effector constraints.
The case study of BIM-based quantity take-off for concrete and formwork (2011)

Currently, a lot of design, engineering and construction companies has been interested in BIM(Building Information Modeling) technologies for higher productivity and efficiency. The information provided from BIM can be mostly used for automated quantity takeoff. But BIM has some problems for fully automated quantity takeoff to solve. The purpose of this study is to show the problems and suggest solutions through case study, especially with concrete and form work.
Dataflow Processing and Optimization on Grid and Cloud Infrastructures. (2009)

Complex on-demand data retrieval and processing is a characteristic of several applications and combines the notions of querying & search, information filtering & retrieval, data transformation & analysis, and other data manipulations. Such rich tasks are typically represented by data processing graphs, having arbitrary data operators as nodes and their producer-consumer interactions as edges. Optimizing and executing such graphs on top of distributed architectures is critical for the success of the corresponding applications and presents several algorithmic and systemic challenges. This paper describes a system under development that offers such functionality on top of Ad-hoc Clusters, Grids, or Clouds. Operators may be user defined, so their algebraic and other properties as well as those of the data they produce are specified in associated profiles. Optimization is based on these profiles, must satisfy a variety of objectives and constraints, and takes into account the particular characteristics of the underlying architecture, mapping high-level dataflow semantics to flexible runtime structures. The paper highlights the key components of the system and outlines the major directions of its development.
Advanced Organic Chemistry: Reaction Mechanisms (2001)

Radical Substitution Reactions at the Saturated C Atom Nucleophilic Substitution Reactions at the Saturated C Atom Additions to the Olefinic C=C Double Bond Eliminations Substitution Reactions on Aromatic Compounds Nucleophilic Substitution Reactions (Except Through Enolates) on the Carboxyl Carbon Additions of Heteroatom Nucleophiles to Heterocumulenes Additions of Heteroatom Nucleophiles to Carbonyl Compounds and Their Secondary Reactions Addition of H Nucleophiles and Metal Organyls to Carbonyl Compounds Reaction of Ylides with Saturated or Unsaturated Carbonyl Compounds Chemistry of the Alkaline Earth Metal Enolates Rearrangements Thermal Cycloadditions Transition Metal-Mediated Alkenylations, Arylations and Alkynylations Oxidations and Reductions
2011년 예비 신부의 웨딩 트렌드 추구 이미지에 관한 연구 (2011)

Tendency that present preliminary brides consider that parts to take serious view as much as wedding dress are make-up and hair.
This phenomenon is individual side such as desire satisfactoriness of self-realization etc. is being emphasized than surrounding gaze.
When they buy wedding commodity, they are choosing after comparing and analyzing various informations, and they are choosing make-up, hair-style, and wedding commodity to be accessory to be suitable for own image. As for the question paper of this study, this researcher used total 193 copies as final analysis data except 27 copies that question contents is insincere or answer is incomplete after distributing total 220 copies from Jul. 30, 2011-to Aug. 10 centering around wedding shop, wedding studio, wedding hall, and beauty shop etc. on preliminary brides over 20s that wedding date is fixed. As for the analysis of data, this researcher executed technique statistics, frequency analysis t-test, ANOVA and multiple range verification of Duncan by using SPSS 15.0 statistics program. And, this researcher lays meaning in offering important information for the action of purchase and consumption of wedding commodity of consumer to industry related to wedding consulting and wedding industry.
β3-Adrenoceptor Control the Cystic Fibrosis Transmembrane Conductance Regulator through a cAMP/Protein Kinase A-independent Pathway (1999)

In human cardiac myocytes, we have previously identified a functional beta3-adrenoceptor in which stimulation reduces action potential duration. Surprisingly, in cardiac biopsies obtained from cystic fibrosis patients, beta3-adrenoceptor agonists produced no effects on action potential duration. This result suggests the involvement of cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) chloride current in the electrophysiological effects of beta3-adrenoceptor stimulation in non-cystic fibrosis tissues. We therefore investigated the control of CFTR activity by human beta3-adrenoceptors in a recombinant system: A549 human cells were intranuclearly injected with plasmids encoding CFTR and beta3-adrenoceptors. CFTR activity was functionally assayed using the 6-methoxy-N-(3-sulfopropyl)quinolinium fluorescent probe and the patch-clamp technique. Injection of CFTR-cDNA alone led to the expression of a functional CFTR protein activated by cAMP or cGMP. Co-expression of CFTR (but not of mutated DeltaF508-CFTR) with high levels of beta3-adrenoceptor produced an increased halide permeability under base-line conditions that was not further sensitive to cAMP or beta3-adrenoceptor stimulation. Patch-clamp experiments confirmed that CFTR channels were permanently activated in cells co-expressing CFTR and a high level of beta3-adrenoceptor. Permanent CFTR activation was not associated with elevated intracellular cAMP or cGMP levels. When the expression level of beta3-adrenoceptor was lowered, CFTR was not activated under base-line conditions but became sensitive to beta3-adrenoceptor stimulation (isoproterenol plus nadolol, SR 58611, or CGP 12177). This later effect was not prevented by protein kinase A inhibitors. Our results provide molecular evidence that CFTR but not mutated DeltaF508-CFTR is regulated by beta3-adrenoceptors expression through a protein kinase A-independent pathway.
Plants with self-sustained luminescence (2019)

Abstract In contrast to fluorescent proteins, light emission from luciferase reporters requires exogenous addition of a luciferin substrate. Bacterial bioluminescence has been the single exception, where an operon of five genes is sufficient to produce light autonomously. Although commonly used in prokaryotic hosts, toxicity of the aldehyde substrate has limited its use in eukaryotes 1 . Here we demonstrate autonomous luminescence in a multicellular eukaryotic organism by incorporating a recently discovered fungal bioluminescent system 2 into tobacco plants. We monitored these light-emitting plants from germination to flowering, observing temporal and spatial patterns of luminescence across time scales from seconds to months. The dynamic patterns of luminescence reflected progression through developmental stages, circadian oscillations, transport, and response to injuries. As with other fluorescent and luminescent reporters, we anticipate that this system will be further engineered for varied purposes, especially where exogenous addition of substrate is undesirable.
(Invited) A Comparison of Device Architecture, Electrical Performance and Process Flow between FinFET and Planar MOSFETs (2014)

In this paper, we compared the device architecture, electrical performance between bulk planar, SegFET, UTBB-SOI and FinFET MOSFETs based on TCAD simulation and we also listed the key fabrication process difference between bulk planar and FinFET devices. Results show that FinFET has best short channel effect (SCE) immunity due to its double gate structure. Hence, FinFET device demonstrates best DC performance, which includes Ion/Ioff, Sub-threshold Swing and DIBL. Analyses also show FinFET has best AC performance: smallest delay and dynamic power consumption. Besides some 20nm technology node’s processes, some brand new processes, such as Fin formation, low-k spacer, poly and HK/MG CMP, SiC/SiGe in-situ doping with Ti-silicide and SAC local interconnects, need to be introduced into the FinFET process flow as a necessary cost of achieving the superior performance.
<i>piggyBac</i> ‐like elements in the tobacco budworm, <i>Heliothis virescens</i> (Fabricius) (2006)

We identified two different groups of piggyBac-like elements (PLE) in the tobacco budworm, Heliothis virescens, and named them HvPLE1 and HvPLE2. An intact copy of HvPLE1 revealed the characteristics of PLE: inverted terminal repeats, inverted subterminal repeats, and an open reading frame encoding transposase, whereas other HvPLE1 copies and all the HvPLE2 copies carried disruptive mutations in the region encoding transposase. We also identified none to two bands per genome hybridized to a probe of Trichoplusia ni piggyBac in genomic Southern blotting, which are different from HvPLE1 or HvPLE2. Analysis of the sequences of multiple copies of HvPLE1 and HvPLE2 suggests that the PLEs are closely related to the T. ni piggyBac, of relatively young age, and independently entered the H. virescens genome.