gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Depressed mitochondrial transcription factors and oxidative capacity in rat failing cardiac and skeletal muscles (2003)

Congestive heart failure (CHF) induces alterations in energy metabolism and mitochondrial function that span cardiac as well as skeletal muscles. Whether these defects originate from altered mitochondrial DNA copy number and/or mitochondrial gene transcription is not known at present, nor are the factors that control mitochondrial capacity in different muscle types completely understood. We used an experimental model of CHF induced by aortic banding in the rat and investigated mitochondrial respiration and enzyme activity of biochemical mitochondrial markers in cardiac, slow and fast skeletal muscles. We quantified mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA), expression of nuclear (COX IV) and mitochondrial (COX I) encoded cytochrome c oxidase subunits as well as nuclear factors involved in mitochondrial biogenesis and in the necessary coordinated interplay between nuclear and mitochondrial genomes in health and CHF. CHF induced a decrease in oxidative capacity and mitochondrial enzyme activities with a parallel decrease in the mRNA level of COX I and IV, but no change in mtDNA content. The expression of the peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma co-activator 1 alpha (PGC-1 alpha) gene was downregulated in CHF, as well as nuclear respiratory factor 2 and mitochondrial transcription factor A, which act downstream from PGC-1 alpha. Most interestingly, only the level of PGC-1 alpha expression was strongly correlated with muscle oxidative capacity in cardiac and skeletal muscles, both in healthy and CHF rats. Mitochondrial gene transcription is reduced in CHF, and PGC-1 alpha appears as a potential modulator of muscle oxidative capacity under these experimental conditions.
Brushless asynchronous induction machines with leading VAR capability (1981)

Open Access
A Supervised Patch-Based Approach for Human Brain Labeling (2011)

We propose in this work a patch-based image labeling method relying on a label propagation framework. Based on image intensity similarities between the input image and an anatomy textbook, an original strategy which does not require any nonrigid registration is presented. Following recent developments in nonlocal image denoising, the similarity between images is represented by a weighted graph computed from an intensity-based distance between patches. Experiments on simulated and in vivo magnetic resonance images show that the proposed method is very successful in providing automated human brain labeling.
Feature space analysis of MRI (1998)

This paper presents an MRI feature-space image-analysis method and its application to brain tumor studies. The proposed method generates a transformed feature space in which the normal tissues (white matter, gray matter, and CSF) become orthonormal. As such, the method is expected to have site-to-site and patient-to-patient consistency, and is useful for identification of tissue types, segmentation of tissues, and quantitative measurements on tissues. The steps of the work accomplished are as follows: (1) Four T2-weighted and two T1-weighted images (before and after injection of gadolinium) were acquired for 10 tumor patients. (2) Images were analyzed by an image analyst according to the proposed algorithm. (3) Biopsy samples were extracted from each patient and were subsequently analyzed by the pathology laboratory. (4) Image-analysis results were compared with the biopsy results. Pre- and postsurgery feature spaces were also compared. The proposed method made it possible to visualize the MRI feature space and to segment the image. In all cases, the operators were able to find clusters for normal and abnormal tissues. Also, clusters for different zones of the tumor were found. The method successfully segmented the image into normal tissues (white matter, gray matter, and CSF) and different zones of the lesion (tumor, cyst, edema, radiation necrosis, necrotic core, and infiltrated tumor). The results agreed with those obtained from the biopsy samples. Comparison of pre- with postsurgery and radiation feature spaces illustrated that the original solid tumor was not present in the second study, but a new tissue component appeared in a different location of the feature space. This tissue could be radiation necrosis generated as a result of radiation.
Dynamic preferences in multi-criteria reinforcement learning (2005)

The current framework of reinforcement learning is based on maximizing the expected returns based on scalar rewards. But in many real world situations, tradeoffs must be made among multiple objectives. Moreover, the agent's preferences between different objectives may vary with time. In this paper, we consider the problem of learning in the presence of time-varying preferences among multiple objectives, using numeric weights to represent their importance. We propose a method that allows us to store a finite number of policies, choose an appropriate policy for any weight vector and improve upon it. The idea is that although there are infinitely many weight vectors, they may be well-covered by a small number of optimal policies. We show this empirically in two domains: a version of the Buridan's ass problem and network routing.
Time Interval Aware Self-Attention for Sequential Recommendation (2020)

Sequential recommender systems seek to exploit the order of users' interactions, in order to predict their next action based on the context of what they have done recently. Traditionally, Markov Chains(MCs), and more recently Recurrent Neural Networks (RNNs) and Self Attention (SA) have proliferated due to their ability to capture the dynamics of sequential patterns. However a simplifying assumption made by most of these models is to regard interaction histories as ordered sequences, without regard for the time intervals between each interaction (i.e., they model the time-order but not the actual timestamp). In this paper, we seek to explicitly model the timestamps of interactions within a sequential modeling framework to explore the influence of different time intervals on next item prediction. We propose TiSASRec (Time Interval aware Self-attention based sequential recommendation), which models both the absolute positions of items as well as the time intervals between them in a sequence. Extensive empirical studies show the features of TiSASRec under different settings and compare the performance of self-attention with different positional encodings. Furthermore, experimental results show that our method outperforms various state-of-the-art sequential models on both sparse and dense datasets and different evaluation metrics.
Array processing for slow FHMA and hybrid FH/TDMA with overlap channel transmission (2002)

In this paper, we present an overlapped channel transmission (OCT) multiple access scheme which increases the uplink capacity of the slow FHMA or FH/TDMA communication systems. Traditional systems which use frequency division channels and guard bands waste useful spectrum. By using antenna array techniques, subscribers can communicate through frequency overlapped channels but still have satisfied performance. A practical system that uses 2-fold OCT to increase system capacities with the same total bandwidth is proposed along with an optimal beamforming algorithm. Simulation results show that the proposed blind beamforming algorithm almost achieves the Wiener solution and converges very fast within 40 iterations. We also discuss the beamforming performance when more than 2-fold overlapped channels are applied.
IMPACT ON THE EXISTING CORRIDOR DUE TO IMPLEMENTATION OF NEW PUBLIC TRANSPORT CORRIDOR (CASE STUDY: JAKARTA BRT SYSTEMS) (2005)

The objective of this research is to analyze the impact of the implementation new public transport corridor to the existing corridor at network level. Jakarta BRT System is taken as a case study. The discussion is focused on the development of public transport network model and the operational plan strategies. The supply model consists of road network with its attributes and other traffic systems, while the demand model combines point-based origin-destination and zone-based origin-destination trip. Several strategies which consider service line, operational aspects, fare system, and integration concept were developed. The predetermined strategies were incorporated into the model, and then simulated. The results, in term of operational bus performance and demand magnitude were analyzed. Simulation to the model yields to different impacts on the existing corridor due to different strategies applied. This result leads to the adjustment of the operational aspects of existing corridor in order to obtain optimum benefit at network level.
Proximity of antibody binding sites studied by fluorescence energy transfer (1980)

Fluorescence energy transfer experiments by steady-state and nanosecond monophoton techniques were carried out with a covalently linked hybrid rabbit IgG antibody containing one antilactose site and one anti-Dns [5-(dimethylamino)-1-naphthalenesulfonyl] site. The hybrid antibody was prepared from antilactose and anti-Dns antibody by mild reduction, dissociation into half-molecules in acid, and random reassociation with re-formation, to the extent of 80%, of the single disulfide bond between the heavy chains. Fractionation with an antilactose-specific immunoadsorbent yielded a population in which each IgG molecule contained no more than one anti-Dns site per antibody. The acceptor molecules used for intramolecular energy transfer were derivatives of p-aminophenyl beta-lactoside (PAPL): (dimethyl-amino)benzeneazo-PAPL and N-fluorescyl-PAPL. The fluorescence lifetime (24 ns) and quantum yield (0.57) of the bound Dns group were unaffected by the presence of the acceptor in the adjacent site. Three models were used to calculate the minimum distance between the adjacent sites of the IgG antibody based on the overlap in the emission and absorption spectra of the donor-acceptor pairs and the segmental flexibility of the immunoglobulin molecule. The calculations yielded values in the range of 5.5-7.0 nm for the minimum distance of separation between the antibody sites in solution and demonstrated a substantial energy barrier to the closer approach of the sites.
PCE Architecture for Flexible WSON enabling Dynamic Rerouting with Modulation Format Adaptation (2011)

An advanced PCE architecture, exploiting novel PCEP extensions for flexible-grid optical networks, is proposed and experimentally validated with dynamic frequency slot assignment and format adaptation from DP-16QAM to DP-QPSK at 100Gb/s.
Estimating the True Cost of Retirement (2013)

in whole or in part, without the prior written consent of Morningstar is prohibited. The Morningstar Investment Management division is a division of Morningstar and includes Morningstar Associates, Ibbotson Associates, and Morningstar Investment Services, which are registered investment advisors and wholly owned subsidiaries of Morningstar, Inc. The Morningstar name and logo are registered marks of Morningstar. A common approach to estimating the total amount of savings required to fund retirement is to first apply a generic “replacement rate ” to pre-retirement income, such as 80%, to get the desired retirement income need. That need is then assumed to increase annually at the rate of inflation for the duration of retirement, which is generally assumed to be some fixed period, such as 30 years. Using government data along with a fairly simple market and mortality model, we explore these assumptions to more accurately estimate the true cost of retirement. We find that the actual replacement rate is likely to vary considerably by retiree household, from under 54 % to over 87%. We note that retiree expenditures do not, on average, increase each year by inflation or by some otherwise static percentage; the actual “spending curve ” of a retiree household varies by total consumption and funding level. Specifically, households with lower levels of consumption and higher funding ratios tend to increase spending through the retirement period and households
Oxygen‐Mediated Coupling of Alcohols over Nanoporous Gold Catalysts at Ambient Pressures (2012)

Unsupported catalyst for green chemistry: The aerobic oxidation and coupling of primary alcohols (methanol, ethanol, n-butanol) to give the corresponding aldehydes and esters at temperatures below 100 °C is facilitated by unsupported nanoporous gold catalysts. The experimental conditions employed allow a close comparison to model experiments and open the door to a molecular-level understanding of the reaction.
A Comparison of Flip Chip Bump Electromigration Reliability for Cu Pillar, High Pb, SnAg, and SnPb Bump Structures (2010)

Electromigration failure in flip-chip bumps has emerged as a major reliability concern due to potential elimination of Pb from flip-chip bumps and a continuous drive to increased IO density resulting in a reduction of bump size and pitch. Traditionally, flip-chip interconnects incorporate a high Pb bump soldered with a SnPb eutectic paste to the substrate or another die. However, because of RoHS directives, the industry is responding with Pb free bump development, such as SnAg bump with SAC solder or Cu Pillar with SAC/SnAg solder. Although a number of recent publications deal with electromigration reliability of Pb free and Cu Pillar bumps, a gap exists in terms of their performance comparison with high Pb and SnPb solder on the same bump geometry. The available test data is based on different test vehicles and it becomes difficult to determine the relative performance of these different metallurgies under accelerated test conditions. In addition, not all published data provides the essential parameters of Black's equation to determine the performance and reliability for actual use conditions. This paper attempts to fill this gap by comparing electromigration performance of High Pb, SnPb eutectic, SnAg, and Cu Pillar bumps using the same test vehicle. A special test vehicle was designed with daisy chain structures for electromigration testing and the packages we assembled on test cards. The testing is being done using five (5) stress conditions (combination of current and temperature) to estimate the current density exponent, n, and activation energy, Ea, parameters for Black's equation. The reliability data as well as failure modes for these bump metallurgies will be presented in the paper.
Vehicle Tracking with Non-overlapping Views for Multi-camera Surveillance System (2013)

With the rapid development of intelligent video surveillance system for transportation, traditional single-camera-based video analysis has become insufficient. Many researches have focused on the non-overlapping multi-camera target tracking. However, the tracking precision and the computing overhead are still big obstacles. This paper proposes a novel vehicle tracking approach for non-overlapping multi-camera targets with data fusion by using minimum cost and maximum flow method. Structured information of moving targets is extracted and associated with other information such as motion time, the topology of camera network to solve targeted vehicle tracks. Besides, to improve the performance of the process, a parallelization algorithm for camera network topology partitioning is presented, which makes it possible for each sub-graph to track target independently in parallel. The experiment results show that the presented approach is able to perform target vehicle tracking analysis with high efficiency and accuracy.
Cytokines and Hormones in the Regulation of Hypoxia Inducible Factor-1&#945; (HIF-1&#945;) (2006)

Hypoxia inducible factor-1 (HIF-1) is a central component of the oxygen sensing system that coordinates cellular responses to conditions of decreased oxygen availability. The hypoxia inducible transcription factor HIF-1 is a heterodimer composed of the helix-loop-helix-Per-Arnt-Sim (bHLH-PAS) proteins HIF-1alpha and the aryl hydrocarbon nuclear translocator (ARNT) also known as HIF-1beta. Transactivation of HIF-1 transmits a hypoxic signal into patho-physiological responses such as angiogenesis, erythropoiesis, vasomotor control, an altered energy metabolism, as well as cell survival decisions by regulating a staidly growing number of target genes. Among recent advances are the discoveries that cytokines and growth factors make use of the 'hypoxic signaling system' under normoxia. Here we summarize current knowledge and existing concepts that help to understand how cytokines and hormones affect protein accumulation of HIF-1alpha and discuss potential implications of activating HIF-1 under normoxia. Considering the fundamental role of cytokines during inflammation may predict a role of HIF-1alpha in coordinating cellular responses to pathogens and point to the connection of cancer and inflammation. Moreover, we will address potential feed-back mechanisms showing an impact of HIF-1 on cytokine production. These considerations suggest an intimate signaling cross-talk between cytokines and the HIF-1 system.
Suppression of transverse waveguide modes for SAW resonators with Pt and Pt/Rh/ZrO<inf>2</inf> electrodes (2009)

In this work, spurious transverse waveguide modes were suppressed from the frequency responses of Pt-electrode resonators on ST-X quartz [0°, 132.75°, 0°] and Pt- and Pt/Rh/ZrO <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> -electrode resonators on LGS [0°, 144°, 24°] through the design of the gratings, aperture, and transducers' active area. In particular, it will be shown that conventional shorted gratings cannot be used with Pt or Pt/Rh/ZrO <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> electrodes, since the velocity discontinuity between the grating and the bus bar leaks energy from the active area. Scalar potential theory is utilized to adjust the ratio of a transducer's active area to the total aperture, such that higher-order transverse waveguide resonances are filtered from the frequency response.
Outcomes after Scarf Osteotomy for Treatment of Adult Hallux Valgus Deformity (2010)

Level IV, therapeutic study. See Guidelines for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.
Koji amazake Maintains Water Content in the Left Cheek Skin of Healthy Adults: A Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled, Parallel-Group, Comparative Trial (2022)

Present study has shown that intake of <i>koji amazake</i> contributes to maintain the water content only on the left cheek. The content of GlcCer derived from <i>koji amazake</i> was adequate for maintenance of the water content compared to previous reports. Therefore, it was concluded that GlcCer in <i>koji amazake</i> acts as a functional ingredient.
Influence of docosahexaenoic acid <i>in vitro</i> on intracellular adriamycin concentration in lymphocytes and human adriamycin‐sensitive and ‐resistant small‐cell lung cancer cell lines, and on cytotoxicity in the tumor cell lines (1987)

An increase in the therapeutic effects of cancer chemotherapeutic agents and circumvention of drug resistance in cancer cells might result from an increase in the intracellular drug level. Alteration of the lipid domain of the cell membrane can result in a higher intracellular drug level. This alteration was achieved in human lymphocytes and in human adriamycin (ADR)-sensitive and -resistant small-cell lung carcinoma cells in vitro by incubation with docosahexaenoic acid (22:6). Incorporation of the fatty acid in cellular phospholipids was measured by gas chromatographic analysis. A significant increase of 22:6 could be reached without loss of viability in all 3 cell types. Incorporation was demonstrated notably in the phosphatidyl choline, phosphatidyl ethanolamine and phosphatidylserine, and was most pronounced in the phosphatidyl choline of the ADR-resistant line. After a 1-hr incubation with ADR, a 10-30% increase in intracellular adriamycin concentration was found in all 3 cell types previously incubated for 4 days with 22:6. After 1 hr incubation with ADR there was no increase in cytotoxicity in the sensitive cell line when measured by soft agar clonogenic assay and a partial reversal (52 to 14) of resistance factor (ratio of drug doses to produce 50% growth inhibition) in the resistant cell line. Increasing the time of ADR exposure from 1 to 4 hr further reduced the resistance factor to 8.6.
Formation of CuIn(Ga)Se<sub>2</sub> Thin Films by Selenization and Application to Solar Cells (1993)

Preparation conditions of device-quality CuInSe 2 (CIS) and CuIn 1- x Ga x Se 2 (CIGS) thin films were studied. We formed CIS and CIGS films by annealing different types of precursor films, such as Gu/In stacked films and Cu–In–Se co-deposited films, under H 2 Se atmosphere. We obtained CI(G)S films with large grain size using precursors prepared at 200°C. The grain sizes of CI(G)S film using stacked precursors were larger than those using co-deposited precursors. Use of co-deposited precursors reduced formation of MoSe 2 at Mo/CI(G)S boundary during selenization process. Fill-factor ( FF ) exceeding 0.7 was obtained for CIS cells using co-deposited precursors prepared at substrate temperature of 200°C.
T cell receptor signaling pathway is overexpressed in CD4+ T cells from HAM/TSP individuals (2015)

Human T-lymphotropic virus type 1 (HTLV-1) is a human retrovirus related to the chronic neuroinflammatory disease HTLV-1-associated myelopathy/tropical spastic paraparesis (HAM/TSP). CD4(+) T cells activation appears to play a key role on HTLV-1 infection. Here we investigated the expression of genes associated to T cell activation CD3e molecule, epsilon (CD3ɛ), lymphocyte-specific protein tyrosine kinase (LCK), vav 1 guanine nucleotide exchange factor (VAV1), and zeta-chain (TCR) associated protein kinase 70kDa (ZAP70) on T lymphocytes of HTLV-1-infected individuals and compared to healthy uninfected individuals (CT). We observed that CD3ɛ, LCK, ZAP70, and VAV1 gene expression were increased in CD4(+) T cells from HAM/TSP group compared to HTLV-1 asymptomatic patients (HAC). Moreover, ZAP70 and VAV1 were also upregulated in HAM/TSP compared to CT group. We detected a positive correlation among all these genes. We also observed that CD3ɛ, LCK, and VAV1 genes had a positive correlation with the proviral load (PVL) and Tax expression. These results suggest that PVL and Tax protein could drive CD3ɛ, LCK, and VAV1 gene expression in CD4(+) T cells, and these genes function on a synchronized way on the CD4(+) T cell activation. The elucidation of the mechanisms underlying T cell receptor signaling pathway is of considerable interest and might lead to new insights into the mechanism of HAM/TSP.
16$\,{\times}\,$107-Gb/s 12.5-GHz-Spaced PDM-36QAM Transmission Over 400 km of Standard Single-Mode Fiber (2010)

Employing raised-cosine pulse-shaped polarization-division-multiplexing (PDM) 36 quadrature amplitude modulation (QAM) format and standard single-mode fiber (SMF-28), 16 × 107-Gb/s PDM-36QAM signals in 12.5-GHz spacing have been realized to transmit over 400 km with a hybrid erbium-doped fiber amplifier and Raman amplification. The spectral efficiency (SE) for the 100 Gb/s is up to 8 b/s/Hz. This is the longest transmission for 100 Gb/s with an SE of 8 b/s/Hz.
A Java based system for specifying hierarchical control flow graph models (1997)

The portion of the Hierarchical Modeling &id Simulation &stem-Java (HiMASS-j) used for specifying Hierarchical Control Flow Graph (HCFG) Models is described.