gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
An augmented reality tool for facilitating on-site interpretation of 2d construction drawings (2013)

Two-dimensional drawings are the only type of design document that is legally approved for construction. For large construction projects, because of the drawings’ high level of abstraction and because of the very large number of drawings, interpretation and correct understanding of drawings is identified by some construction firms as their greatest single challenge. To do the building work as designed, the builder must understand the meaning of the drawings, and this comes from establishing a visual correspondence between the abstract 2D drawings and the physical environment. Unfortunately, that correspondence may not be easy to obtain when the structure of interest is not clearly visible from the user’s position (occlusion, differences between the model and the actual building, etc.). In this paper, we propose a technique that enables the display of 2D drawings into the real world using augmented reality in a way that can overcome those kinds of limitations. The tool enables users to browse the real world in search of drawings, or to request the real location that a specific drawing represents, and to view each drawing within a context composed of a combination of captured photographic reality and designed virtual modeling. Augmentation is achieved by displaying the drawing using either an animated sliding plane that shows it being inserted into the real building, or a clipping technique that displays the drawing inside a clipped 3D model which in turn is inside the real building. The 2 techniques were implemented and tested in a situation where section drawings are visualized from the outside of the building. Our results show that those visualization techniques provide good 3D perception in a representation that is easy to understand visually. They also enable quick localization of the drawing in its environment, and provide a better understanding of the drawing with respect to its context: the 3D model and the built environment.
Molecular Cloning and Expression of Two Distinct Human Chondroitin 4-O-Sulfotransferases That Belong to the HNK-1 Sulfotransferase Gene Family (2000)

Using an expression cloning strategy, the cDNA encoding the human HNK-1 sulfotransferase (HNK-1ST) has been cloned. During this cloning we found that HNK-1ST and other Golgi-associated sulfotransferases cloned before share homologous sequences including the RDP motif (Ong, E., Yeh, J.-C., Ding, Y., Hindsgaul, O., and Fukuda, M. (1998) J. Biol. Chem. 223, 5190-5195). Using this conserved sequence in HNK-1ST as a probe, we identified two expressed sequence tags in EST data base which have 31.6 and 30.7% identity with HNK-1ST at the amino acid levels. Expression of these two full-length cDNAs failed to form HNK-1 glycan nor to add sulfate to CD34 or NCAM. Surprisingly, proteins expressed by these cDNAs transferred sulfate to the C-4 position of N-acetylgalactosamine in chondroitin and desulfated dermatan sulfate, thus we named these two enzymes, chondroitin 4-O-sulfotransferase 1 and -2 (C4ST-1 and C4ST-2). Both C4ST-1 and C4ST-2, however, did not form 4, 6-di-O-sulfated N-acetylgalactosamine when chondroitin sulfate C was used as an acceptor. Moreover, analysis of (35)S-labeled dermatan sulfate formed by C4ST-1 indicate that sulfation preferentially took place in GlcA-->GalNAc unit than in IdoA-->GalNAc unit, suggesting that 4-O-sulfation at N-acetylgalactosamine may precede epimerization of glucuronic acid to iduronic acid during dermatan sulfate biosynthesis. Northern analysis demonstrated that the transcript for C4ST-1 is predominantly expressed in peripheral leukocytes and hematopoietic tissues while the C4ST-2 transcript is more widely expressed in various tissues. These results indicate C4ST-1 and C4ST-2 play complementary roles in chondroitin and dermatan sulfate synthesis in different tissues.
A Methodology for Making a Three-Coil Wireless Power Transfer System More Energy Efficient Than a Two-Coil Counterpart for Extended Transfer Distance (2014)

A new methodology for ensuring that a three-coil wireless power transfer system is more energy efficient than a two-coil counterpart is presented in this paper. The theoretical proof and the conditions for meeting the objective are derived and practically verified in a practical prototype. The key features of the magnetic design are to: 1) shift the current stress from the primary driving circuit to the relay resonator; and 2) generate a large relay current for maximizing magnetic coupling with the receiver coil for efficient power transfer. Consequently, the current rating and cost of the driving circuit can be reduced and the overall quality factor and system energy efficiency are improved. This approach utilizes the combined advantages of the maximum efficiency principle and the use of relay resonator to overcome the energy efficiency problem for applications with extended energy transfer distances.
ChemInform Abstract: Regiocontrolled Synthesis of the Trimeric Quinone Framework of Conocurvone. (2002)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Properties of Ultrasonically Marked Leads (1989)

We have developed an ultrasonic marking system for pacing leads and the electrophysiological study of catheters. The aim of this study was to evaluate the accuracy of our system, its usability in the measurement of performance of implanted leads, and to investigate the potential of electrical shock and ultrasonic hazard. The measurements have shown that different applications require specific electronic design, involving some compromise between accuracy and sensitivity. A higher sensitivity at the beginning of the ultrasonically guided cardiac lead implantation yields poorer accuracy. Quantitative measurements show that accuracy can be subsequently improved by reduction of sensitivity of the marking system. The transponder marking circuit is better suited for general use and the passive electronic circuit is better suited for multiple electrode electrophysiological studies. Experiments concerning electrical safety show that in the worst failure case, the energy of the marking system released within the heart is less than 10(-9) J per pulse within the pacing frequency spectrum and the current was below 50 microamperes. Ultrasound intensities were within the safety limits set by international and national organizations. The experiments using the marking system for detection of the pacing lead failure showed that the system can yield an early warning of the lead malfunction. The system can significantly reduce the exposure of the medical staff and the patients to x rays as well as improve patient follow-up accuracy.
Optical bonding reinforced by femtosecond laser welding (2011)

Previous work on welding of optical materials with ultrashort laser pulses demonstrated that the ability to achieve good contact between components limits the applicability of the technology to only very small components. We have overcome this limitation and demonstrated the capability to weld similar and dissimilar materials using femtosecond laser pulses over several mm<sup>2</sup> areas between intimately contacted surfaces. Our joining process is realised in two steps. Firstly, the two pieces which must be joined are direct bonded, thereby inducing optical contact throughout the whole potentially bondable surface. Subsequently, the direct bond is reinforced by the inscription of femtosecond laser weld seams in a sealing pattern in order to enclose the central region of the direct bond. We demonstrated the applicability of this process to identical glass, dissimilar glass and glass-semiconductor. We also measured a mean threefold increase in joint strength for such bonds between fused silica windows with only a few welding seams. The final assembly is free from macroscopic surface deformations. Furthermore, by optimizing the laser exposure parameters, we can avoid microscopic defects inside and around weld seams. Finally, the bonding method does not alter the optical transmission properties at the center of the sealed region. As opposed to the use of adhesives, such bonds resist to important thermal constraints and are free from chemical contaminants, degassing and ageing. Potential applications may be considered in the fields of aerospace, laser manufacturing, semiconductor industry, solar cell protection, precision manufacturing and many more.
Non-peptide fibrinogen receptor antagonists. 31. The synthesis of [3H]L-767,685 and [3H]L-767,679 (1998)

The synthesis of the fibrinogen receptor antagonist [3H]L-767,679 and its ethyl ester prodrug [3H]L-767,685 is described. Bromination of an appropriate benzolactam followed by catalytic tritiation with tritium gas gave a labelled benzolactam that was converted to [3H]L-767,685 via a coupling/deprotection sequence. Hydrolysis of [3H]L-767,685 then gave the acid [3H]L-767,679. These two compounds were obtained with a specific activity of 10–16 Ci/mmol. © 1998 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Carborane-based metal–organic frameworks as highly selective sorbents for CO2 over methane (2008)

Separation of CO(2)/CH(4) mixtures was studied in carborane-based metal-organic framework materials with and without coordinatively unsaturated metal sites; high selectivities for CO(2) over CH(4) ( approximately 17) are obtained, especially in the material with open metal sites.
A new MRI method, tested <i>in vitro</i> for the assessment of thermal coagulation and demonstrated <i>in vivo</i> on focused ultrasound ablation (2007)

A new MRI method is described. It is implemented for the assessment of thermal coagulation after thermal treatment. The method does not require injection of a contrast agent. The image is based on the amount of magnetization exchange between macromolecules and water in the tissue. Coagulated tissue has a faster magnetization exchange rate, forming the new contrast. In this study, the new imaging method is shown to have good contrast between coagulated and untreated excised tissues of porcine liver and muscle. The method is also successfully demonstrated in vivo in rat thigh muscle thermally treated with focused ultrasound.
Direct Photothermal Measurement of Optical Absorption in a Flow System (2019)

We describe here a simple photothermal detection scheme in a flow stream based on the temperature difference upstream and downstream of the point of illumination. We use a single, two-junction 25 μm diameter thermocouple to measure the temperature change. The baseline standard deviation in the dark is ∼0.001 °C that increases up to 0.0016 °C depending on the illumination source. We demonstrate the detection of several chromatographically separated dyes both with a 1.5 mm and a 0.1 mm i.d. detection cell, respectively, with a white LED and a solid-state laser source. With an inexpensive 660 nm, 19 mW laser as the light source, the estimated detection limit for methylene blue (MB) was 30 nM, corresponding to 120 amol in the illuminated volume. The dimerization constant of MB and the quantum efficiency of the monomer was determined.
Merging dietary assessment with the adolescent lifestyle (2013)

The use of image-based dietary assessment methods shows promise for improving dietary self-report among children. The Technology Assisted Dietary Assessment (TADA) food record application is a self-administered food record specifically designed to address the burden and human error associated with conventional methods of dietary assessment. Users would take images of foods and beverages at all eating occasions using a mobile telephone or mobile device with an integrated camera [e.g. Apple iPhone, Apple iPod Touch (Apple Inc., Cupertino, CA, USA); Nexus One (Google, Mountain View, CA, USA)]. Once the images are taken, the images are transferred to a back-end server for automated analysis. The first step in this process is image analysis (i.e. segmentation, feature extraction and classification), which allows for automated food identification. Portion size estimation is also automated via segmentation and geometric shape template modeling. The results of the automated food identification and volume estimation can be indexed with the Food and Nutrient Database for Dietary Studies to provide a detailed diet analysis for use in epidemiological or intervention studies. Data collected during controlled feeding studies in a camp-like setting have allowed for formative evaluation and validation of the TADA food record application. This review summarises the system design and the evidence-based development of image-based methods for dietary assessment among children.
Fractal dimension rectified meter for quantification of liver fibrosis and other irregular microscopic objects. (2003)

This method can measure liver fibrosis during chronic liver disease as well as any other irregular biologic structure that cannot be correctly quantified using traditional Euclidean-based metric methodologies.
Sequence-based physical mapping of complex genomes by whole genome profiling (2011)

We present whole genome profiling (WGP), a novel next-generation sequencing-based physical mapping technology for construction of bacterial artificial chromosome (BAC) contigs of complex genomes, using Arabidopsis thaliana as an example. WGP leverages short read sequences derived from restriction fragments of two-dimensionally pooled BAC clones to generate sequence tags. These sequence tags are assigned to individual BAC clones, followed by assembly of BAC contigs based on shared regions containing identical sequence tags. Following in silico analysis of WGP sequence tags and simulation of a map of Arabidopsis chromosome 4 and maize, a WGP map of Arabidopsis thaliana ecotype Columbia was constructed de novo using a six-genome equivalent BAC library. Validation of the WGP map using the Columbia reference sequence confirmed that 350 BAC contigs (98%) were assembled correctly, spanning 97% of the 102-Mb calculated genome coverage. We demonstrate that WGP maps can also be generated for more complex plant genomes and will serve as excellent scaffolds to anchor genetic linkage maps and integrate whole genome sequence data.
Alkaloids from the Sponge Stylissa carteri Present Prospective Scaffolds for the Inhibition of Human Immunodeficiency Virus 1 (HIV-1) (2016)

The sponge Stylissa carteri is known to produce a number of secondary metabolites displaying anti-fouling, anti-inflammatory, and anti-cancer activity. However, the anti-viral potential of metabolites produced by S. carteri has not been extensively explored. In this study, an S. carteri extract was HPLC fractionated and a cell based assay was used to evaluate the effects of HPLC fractions on parameters of Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV-1) infection and cell viability. Candidate HIV-1 inhibitory fractions were then analyzed for the presence of potential HIV-1 inhibitory compounds by mass spectrometry, leading to the identification of three previously characterized compounds, i.e., debromohymenialdisine (DBH), hymenialdisine (HD), and oroidin. Commercially available purified versions of these molecules were re-tested to assess their antiviral potential in greater detail. Specifically, DBH and HD exhibit a 30%–40% inhibition of HIV-1 at 3.1 μM and 13 μM, respectively; however, both exhibited cytotoxicity. Conversely, oroidin displayed a 50% inhibition of viral replication at 50 μM with no associated toxicity. Additional experimentation using a biochemical assay revealed that oroidin inhibited the activity of the HIV-1 Reverse Transcriptase up to 90% at 25 μM. Taken together, the chemical search space was narrowed and previously isolated compounds with an unexplored anti-viral potential were found. Our results support exploration of marine natural products for anti-viral drug discovery.
Intuitive Clinician Control Interface for a Powered Knee-Ankle Prosthesis: A Case Study (2018)

This paper presents a potential solution to the challenge of configuring powered knee-ankle prostheses in a clinical setting. Typically, powered prostheses use impedance-based control schemes that contain several independent controllers which correspond to consecutive periods along the gait cycle. This control strategy has numerous control parameters and switching rules that are generally tuned by researchers or technicians and not by a certified prosthetist. We propose an intuitive clinician control interface (CCI) in which clinicians tune a powered knee-ankle prosthesis based on a virtual constraint control scheme, which tracks desired periodic joint trajectories based on a continuous measurement of the phase (or progression) of gait. The interface derives virtual constraints from clinician-designed joint kinematic trajectories. An experiment was conducted in which a certified prosthetist used the control interface to configure a powered knee-ankle prosthesis for a transfemoral amputee subject during level-ground walking trials. While it usually takes engineers hours of tuning individual parameters by trial and error, the CCI allowed the clinician to tune the powered prosthesis controller in under 10 min. This allowed the clinician to improve several amputee gait outcome metrics, such as gait symmetry. These results suggest that the CCI can improve the clinical viability of emerging powered knee-ankle prostheses.
Genetic approaches to understanding the causes of stuttering (2011)

Stuttering is a common but poorly understood speech disorder. Evidence accumulated over the past several decades has indicated that genetic factors are involved, and genetic linkage studies have begun to identify specific chromosomal loci at which causative genes are likely to reside. A detailed investigation of one such region on chromosome 12 has identified mutations in the GNPTAB gene that are associated with stuttering in large families and in the general population. Subsequent studies identified mutations in the functionally related GNPTG and NAGPA genes. Mutations in these genes disrupt the lysosomal targeting pathway that generates the Mannose 6-phosphate signal, which directs a diverse group of enzymes to their target location in the lysosome of the cell. While mutations in these three genes can be identified in less than 10% of cases of familial stuttering, this knowledge allows a variety of new studies that can help identify the neuropathology that underlies this disorder.
Resonant interband tunneling FET (1995)

A lateral three-terminal Resonant Interband Tunneling Field Effect Transistor (RITFET) has been fabricated. It consists of a resonant interband tunnel diode (RITD) built using the GaSb-AlSb-InAs material system and a pseudomorphic InGaAs channel FET in which the current is controlled by a Schottky gate. The three terminal device has current-voltage characteristics that exhibit negative differential conductance with a peak-to-valley current ratio of 8 at room temperature.
Multi-Layer Hidden Markov Model Based Intrusion Detection System (2018)

The all IP nature of the next generation (5G) networks is going to open a lot of doors for new vulnerabilities which are going to be challenging in preventing the risk associated with them. Majority of these vulnerabilities might be impossible to detect with simple networking traffic monitoring tools. Intrusion Detection Systems (IDS) which rely on machine learning and artificial intelligence can significantly improve network defense against intruders. This technology can be trained to learn and identify uncommon patterns in massive volume of traffic and notify, using such as alert flags, system administrators for additional investigation. This paper proposes an IDS design which makes use of machine learning algorithms such as Hidden Markov Model (HMM) using a multi-layer approach. This approach has been developed and verified to resolve the common flaws in the application of HMM to IDS commonly referred as the curse of dimensionality. It factors a huge problem of immense dimensionality to a discrete set of manageable and reliable elements. The multi-layer approach can be expanded beyond 2 layers to capture multi-phase attacks over longer spans of time. A pyramid of HMMs can resolve disparate digital events and signatures across protocols and platforms to actionable information where lower layers identify discrete events (such as network scan) and higher layers new states which are the result of multi-phase events of the lower layers. The concepts of this novel approach have been developed but the full potential has not been demonstrated.
Quantum cascade laser: Temperature dependence of the performance characteristics and high <i>T</i>0 operation (1994)

The design and temperature dependence of the performance characteristics of a quantum cascade intersubband laser operating pulsed in the midinfrared (λ≂4.3 μm) are reported. The threshold current density varies exponentially with temperature [exp(T/T0)] from ≊6.0 kA/cm2 at 50 K to ≊9.3 kA/cm2 up to the maximum operating temperature (125 K) with a T0∼112 K. This weak temperature dependence, compared to interband lasers operating at similar wavelengths, is due to the intersubband nature of the laser transition, to the physics of optical phonons scattering, and to the negligible intersubband Auger transition rates. The measured peak optical power varies from 32 mW at 10 K to 18 mW at 80 K for a 1.2-mm cavity length. The measured slope efficiency is 52 mW/A at 80 K which corresponds to an estimated differential quantum efficiency of ≂3.4×10−2 per facet per stage.
Physical Characteristics of a New Cleaning and Polishing Agent for Use in a Prophylaxis Paste (1975)

A prophylaxis composition containing a sodium-potassium aluminum silicate abrasive system was evaluated in the laboratory in comparison with several different commercial prophylaxis pastes. The in vitro data indicate that the new composition increases enamel polish and decreases abrasion characteristics without sacrificing cleaning efficacy when compared with the commercial products tested.
Piezoelectrically actuated transducer and droplet ejector (2002)

This paper presents a variation on the design of a flextensional transducer that can be used to generate sound in air or water. By placing a fluid behind one face of the transducer, and an orifice in the center, a drop of the fluid can be ejected on demand, and for every cycle of transducer excitation. We report on an optimum design for the transducer based on finite element modelling, and we present results of ejection of water, ink, powder, and photoresist. We coat silicon wafers with photoresist with minimum waste, a very costly and expensive step in integrated circuit manufacturing. The ejector is harmless to sensitive fluids and can also be used to eject fuels, chemical and biological samples.
Electrode array positioning after cochlear reimplantation from single manufacturer (2023)

In this study examining revision cochlear implantation from a single manufacturer, we demonstrated no significant change in key indicators of EA positioning, even when revising with a different style of electrode. However, the revision EA is not necessarily confined by the initial trajectory and there may be an increased risk of translocation.
High performance InGaAs/GaAs quantum well infrared photodetectors (1994)

We have measured the optical and transport properties of In0.2Ga0.8As/GaAs quantum well infrared photodetectors based on bound-to-bound, bound-to-quasibound, and bound-to-continuum intersubband transitions. Excellent hot electron transport and high detectivity D*=1.8×1010 cm√Hz/W (at λp=16.7 μm) were achieved at temperature T=40 K.