gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Isolation of a gene encoding <i>Arabidopsis</i> membrane‐associated acyl‐CoA binding protein and immunolocalization of its gene product (1999)

Until recently, only cytosolic acyl-CoA binding proteins (ACBPs) have been characterized. The isolation of an Arabidopsis thaliana cDNA encoding a novel membrane-associated ACBP that accumulates in developing seeds, designated ACBP1, has provided evidence for the existence of membrane-associated forms of ACBPs (Chye, 1998, Plant Mol. Biol. 38, 827-838). We now report on the isolation of its corresponding gene from an A. thaliana Columbia genomic library using the ACBP1 cDNA as a hybridization probe. Nucleotide sequence analysis of Arabidopsis ACBP1 showed that its promoter lacks a TATA box, resembling the promoters of rat, Drosophila and human genes encoding cytosolic ACBP and suggesting that it is a housekeeping gene. We show by Western blot analysis that ACBP1 expression in developing seeds coincides with lipid deposition and that homologues of membrane-associated ACBP1 exist in other plants. Using light microscopy, we show that ACBP1 is strongly expressed in the embryo at the cotyledons, hypocotyl, procambium of the axis and in most peripheral cells of the cotyledons and hypocotyl. Immunogold labelling localized ACBP1 to vesicles, to the plasma membrane especially at epidermal cells of heart, torpedo and cotyledonary stage embryos, and to the cell wall of the outer integument cells at the seed coat. Our results suggest that ACBP1 is involved in intermembrane lipid transport from the ER via vesicles to the plasma membrane where it could maintain a membrane-associated acyl pool; its immunolocalization to the cell wall of outer integument cells at the seed coat suggests a role in cuticle and cutin formation.
Surface-only liquids (2016)

We propose a novel surface-only technique for simulating incompressible, inviscid and uniform-density liquids with surface tension in three dimensions. The liquid surface is captured by a triangle mesh on which a Lagrangian velocity field is stored. Because advection of the velocity field may violate the incompressibility condition, we devise an orthogonal projection technique to remove the divergence while requiring the evaluation of only two boundary integrals. The forces of surface tension, gravity, and solid contact are all treated by a boundary element solve, allowing us to perform detailed simulations of a wide range of liquid phenomena, including waterbells, droplet and jet collisions, fluid chains, and crown splashes.
Patrick McCarthy and Gianfranco Pasquino (eds), The End of Post-War Politics in Italy. The Landmark 1992 Elections, Westview Press, Boulder, San Francisco and Oxford, 1993, 187 pp., ISBN 0-8133-8628-4, £21.95. (1997)

Patrick McCarthy and Gianfranco Pasquino (eds), The End of Post-War Politics in Italy. The Landmark 1992 Elections, Westview Press, Boulder, San Francisco and Oxford, 1993, 187 pp., ISBN 0-8133-8628-4, £21.95. - Volume 2
Post-translational modification of p53. (1994)

The p53 tumor suppressor protein is extensively post-translationally modified, mostly by phosphorylation. The phosphorylation sites are clustered into two distinct domains within the p53 polypeptide and the protein kinases and phosphatases which modify many of these sites have been identified. In addition, signaling pathways which modulate the phosphorylation state of p53, leading perhaps to changes in its activity, are being actively investigated. Similarly, the transforming proteins of DNA tumor viruses modulate p53 phosphorylation and may therefore be useful tools for probing these regulatory mechanisms. Given the very potent effects of p53 on cell growth and the extent of phosphorylation of this protein, p53 may well be controlled tightly and coordinately by more than one signaling mechanism.
Wind Retrievalfor Cfoscat Edge and Nadir Observations Based on Neural Networks And Improved Principle Component Analysis (2019)

CFOSCAT is the first rotating fan-beam scatterometer in space. It is on board the China France Oceanography Satellite (CFOSAT) launched on 29 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">th</sup> October, 2018. It can provide wind field products in the unit of Wind Vector Cells. One of the advantages for this novel antenna geometry is being able to obtain more observations of the scene, though for edge and nadir WVCs, sampling issues as well as larger noise level hinder wind retrievals. This is first analyzed in this paper and a new procedure is proposed, tailored for those observations of CFOSCAT. In the proposed method, wind speeds are retrieved from Neural Networks trained for specific edge and nadir WVCs, and based on the obtained speed, a modified principle component analysis (PCA) is applied for CFOSCAT wind direction retrieval. The new process chain is verified by simulated data, and further research is soon planned modifying it for real data after they are released.
Lactoperoxidase Activity in Human Milk and in Saliva of Newborn Infants (1975)

Human milk and saliva from newborn infants were analyzed for their content of lactoperoxidase and thiocyanate. The activity of lactoperoxidase in infant saliva was variable but generally higher than that found in calf saliva. In contrast, the activity in human colostrum was low ( approximately 5%) compared with that found in cow's milk. The enzyme was resistant to gastric juice. Thiocyanate was demonstrated in infant saliva in concentrations about one-third of that in adult saliva. The amounts of lactoperoxidase and thiocyanate in infant saliva are quite sufficient to inhibit bacterial growth in in vitro systems. The importance of this system in vivo has not yet been demonstrated. The availability of this system to both newborn calves and humans (in calves provided largely by colostrum and in human babies by saliva) might be indirect evidence of its importance.
Synthetic Oligonucleotides Inhibit CRISPR-Cpf1-Mediated Genome Editing (2018)

Previously, researchers discovered a series of anti-CRISPR proteins that inhibit CRISPR-Cas activity, such as Cas9 and Cpf1 (Cas12a). Herein, we constructed crRNA variants consisting of chemically modified DNA-crRNA and RNA-crRNA duplexes and identified that phosphorothioate (PS)-modified DNA-crRNA duplex completely blocked the function of Cpf1. More important, without prehybridization, these PS-modified DNA oligonucleotides showed the ability to suppress DNA double-strand breaks induced by two Cpf1 orthologs, AsCpf1 and LbCpf1. Time-dependent inhibitory effects were validated in multiple loci of different human cells. Further studies demonstrated that PS-modified DNA oligonucleotides were able to serve as Cpf1 inhibitors in a sequence-independent manner. Mechanistic studies indicate that PS-modified DNA oligonucleotides hinder target DNA binding and recognition by Cpf1. Consequently, these synthetic DNA molecules expand the sources of CRISPR inhibitors, providing a platform to inactivate Cpf1-mediated genome editing.
Selected-Control Synthesis of ZnO Nanowires and Nanorods via a PEG-Assisted Route (2003)

Long-chain polymer-assisted growth of one-dimensional (1D) nanostructures has been investigated in previous research. This kind mild method has lots of merits such as not requiring complex procedures, without template supporting etc. Can the short-chain polymer also be used to grow long nanowires? In the present work, a short-chain polymer (PEG400) was found to promote the formation of 1D ZnO nanostructures, which cannot be obtained by long-chain polymers (such as PEG10000). Moreover, nanowires and nanorods can be selectively synthesized by using short-chain polymers. The influence factors for the formation of 1D ZnO nanostructures were also investigated in detail. The XRD, Raman spectrum, XPS, SEM, TEM, ED, HRTEM, EDXA, and PL spectra have been provided for the characterization of the as-obtained nanowires and nanorods.
Glucan-Chitin Particles Enhance Th17 Response and Improve Protective Efficacy of a Multivalent Antigen (rCpa1) against Pulmonary Coccidioides posadasii Infection (2018)

Developing an effective and safe recombinant vaccine requires microbe-specific antigens combined with an adjuvant/delivery system to strengthen protective immunity. In this study, we designed and expressed a multivalent recombinant <i>Coccidioides</i> polypeptide antigen (rCpa1) that consists of three previously identified antigens (i.e., Ag2/Pra, Cs-Ag, and Pmp1) and five pathogen-derived peptides with high affinity for human major histocompatibility complex class II (MHC-II) molecules. The purified rCpa1 was encapsulated into four types of yeast cell wall particles containing β-glucan, mannan, and chitin in various proportions or was mixed with an oligonucleotide (ODN) containing two methylated dinucleotide CpG motifs. This multivalent antigen encapsulated into glucan-chitin particles (GCP-rCpa1) showed significantly greater reduction of fungal burden for human HLA-DR4 transgenic mice than the other adjuvant-rCpa1 formulations tested. Among the adjuvants tested, both GCPs and β-glucan particles (GPs) were capable of stimulating a mixed Th1 and Th17 response. Mice vaccinated with GCP-rCpa1 showed higher levels of interleukin 17 (IL-17) production in T-cell recall assays and earlier lung infiltration by activated Th1 and Th17 cells than GP-rCpa1-vaccinated mice. Both C57BL/6 and HLA-DR4 transgenic mice that were vaccinated with the GCP-rCpa1 vaccine showed higher survival rates than mice that received GCPs alone. Concurrently, the GCP-rCpa1 vaccine stimulated greater infiltration of the injection sites by macrophages, which engulf and process the vaccine for antigen presentation, than the GP-rCpa1 vaccine. This is the first attempt to systematically characterize the presentation of a multivalent coccidioidomycosis vaccine encapsulated with selected adjuvants that enhance the protective cellular immune response to infection.
Comparison of the functional potencies of ropinirole and other dopamine receptor agonists at human D<sub>2(long)</sub>, D<sub>3</sub> and D<sub>4.4</sub> receptors expressed in Chinese hamster ovary cells (1999)

1. The aim of the present study was to characterize functional responses to ropinirole, its major metabolites in man (SKF-104557 (4-[2-(propylamino)ethyl]-2-(3H) indolone), SKF-97930 (4-carboxy-2-(3H) indolone)) and other dopamine receptor agonists at human dopamine D2(long) (hD2), D3 (hD3) and D4.4 (hD4) receptors separately expressed in Chinese hamster ovary cells using microphysiometry. 2. All the receptor agonists tested (ropinirole, SKF-104557, SKF-97930, bromocriptine, lisuride, pergolide, pramipexole, talipexole, dopamine) increased extracellular acidification rate in Chinese hamster ovary clones expressing the human D2, D3 or D4 receptor. The pEC50s of ropinirole at hD2, hD3 and hD4 receptors were 7.4, 8.4 and 6.8, respectively. Ropinirole is therefore at least 10 fold selective for the human dopamine D3 receptor over the other D2 receptor family members. 3. At the hD2 and hD3 dopamine receptors all the compounds tested were full agonists as compared to quinpirole. Talipexole and the ropinirole metabolite, SKF-104557, were partial agonists at the hD4 receptor. 4. Bromocriptine and lisuride had a slow onset of agonist action which precluded determination of EC50s. 5. The rank order of agonist potencies was dissimilar to the rank order of radioligand binding affinities at each of the dopamine receptor subtypes. Functional selectivities of the dopamine receptor agonists, as measured in the microphysiometer, were less than radioligand binding selectivities. 6. The results show that ropinirole is a full agonist at human D2, D3 and D4 dopamine receptors. SKF-104557 the major human metabolite of ropinirole, had similar radioligand binding affinities to, but lower functional potencies than, the parent compound.
A Highly Efficient and Sustainable Biocatalytic Oxidation Process toward (<i>R</i>)-Undecavertol (2022)

A biotransformation to produce (R)-Undecavertol has been developed and demonstrated on the pilot scale. The process is a racemic resolution using a highly (S)-selective alcohol dehydrogenase in the oxidative direction and an NAD(P)H oxidase for cofactor regeneration. Oxygen limitation is prevented by supplying pure oxygen, achieving a >400 g L–1 substrate concentration and a space-time yield of 14 g L–1 h–1 on the pilot scale and even up to 680 g L–1 and a space-time yield of 21 g L–1 h–1 on the lab scale. In three pilot-plant batches, more than 85 kg of (R)-Undecavertol was produced biocatalytically.
A Paleogenomic Perspective on Evolution and Gene Function: New Insights from Ancient DNA (2014)

The publication of partial and complete paleogenomes within the last few years has reinvigorated research in ancient DNA. No longer limited to short fragments of mitochondrial DNA, inference of evolutionary processes through time can now be investigated from genome-wide data sampled as far back as 700,000 years. Tremendous insights have been made, in particular regarding the hominin lineage. With rare exception, however, a paleogenomic perspective has been mired by the quality and quantity of recoverable DNA. Though conceptually simple, extracting ancient DNA remains challenging, and sequencing ancient genomes to high coverage remains prohibitively expensive for most laboratories. Still, with improvements in DNA isolation and declining sequencing costs, the taxonomic and geographic purview of paleogenomics is expanding at a rapid pace. With improved capacity to screen large numbers of samples for those with high proportions of endogenous ancient DNA, paleogenomics is poised to become a key technology to better understand recent evolutionary events.
Novel Route to Functionalized Tetraaryltetra[2,3]naphthaloporphyrins via Oxidative Aromatization (2003)

A novel general route to substituted meso-tetraaryltetra[2,3]naphthaloporphyrins (Ar(4)TNP) and meso-tetraaryloctamethoxytetra[2,3]naphthaloporphyrins (Ar(4)(MeO)(8)TNP) via oxidative aromatization of nonaromatically fused porphyrin precursors is described. Ar(4)(MeO)(8)TNPs exhibit more red-shifted absorption bands than Ar(4)TNPs and differ dramatically in solubility. The first X-ray crystallographic structure of tetranaphthaloporphyrin, i.e., PdAr(4)TNP (Ar = 4-MeO(2)CC(6)H(4)), revealed that the degree of nonplanar distortion of this macrocycle is only slightly higher than that of the homologous tetrabenzoporphyrins (Ar(4)TBP).
Improved single-trial signal extraction of low SNR events (1994)

Initial investigations of Birch's outlier processing method (OPM) have demonstrated an ability to extract a special class of finite-duration signals from colored noise processes. This special class of signals are low SNR signals whose shapes and latencies can vary dramatically from trial to trial. Such signals, termed highly variable events (HVE) in the present paper, are commonly found in physiological signal analysis applications. The present paper identifies that the OPM produces suboptimal HVE estimates due to its use of time-invariant influence functions and demonstrates that the addition of time-varying influence functions (TVIFs) produce improved estimates. Simulation experiments with signals in white and colored noise processes were used to demonstrate the modified OPM algorithm's superior performance compared to the performance of the original algorithm and to the performance of a time-invariant minimum mean-square-error (MMSE) filter for linear and stationary processes. The simulation results indicate that the OPM algorithm with TVIFs can extract HVEs from a linear and stationary process for SNR levels above /spl minus/2.5 dB and can work effectively as low as /spl minus/10.0 dB in certain situations.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Influence of the Antarctic Circumpolar Wave on Australian Precipitation from 1958 to 1997 (2000)

Year-to-year changes are found in Australian precipitation (APP) covarying with those in sea surface temperature (SST) and troposphere moisture flux (MF) over the three oceans surrounding Australia for 40 yr from 1958 to 1997. Australia’s wet (dry) years are associated with warm (cool) SST anomalies surrounding Australia and convergent (divergent) MF anomalies directly overhead. Differences in APP (SST) between wet and dry years can reach 0.75 m (1.2°C) in northeast Australia (subtropical Indian Ocean). Wet (dry) years often occur during La Niña (El Niño), but significant differences in covarying SST, MF, and APP anomalies from one El Niño to the next are found, indicating that regional climate changes also influence APP. Covarying SST and MF anomalies on basin space scales and interannual timescales are found to take 2–3 yr to propagate eastward from Africa to Australia. This propagation occurs in association with the Antarctic Circumpolar Wave (ACW) in the Southern Ocean, the north branch of the ACW in the Indian Ocean, and the global El Niño–Southern Oscillation wave in the tropical ocean. A statistical climate prediction system based upon the slow eastward propagation of SST anomalies and their nearly one-to-one relationship with APP anomalies is constructed, yielding significant hindcast skill for predicting interannual APP anomalies at lead times of 1 and 2 yr. Best hindcast skill for the extratropical portion of Australia derives from the ACW south of Australia and the north branch of the ACW west of Australia. Eastward propagation of SST anomalies in these two oceanic domains is capable of predicting more than 50% of the total interannual variance over Victoria and New South Wales and over Western Australia poleward of 20°S over the 40-yr record. This percentage is much better than expected from chance or persistence, demonstrating the importance of the ACW upon year-to-year changes in APP at these latitudes.
Epsilon-near-zero response in indium tin oxide thin films: Octave span tuning and IR plasmonics (2020)

Epsilon near zero (ENZ) materials exhibit strongly confined optical modes and plasmonic response around and beyond the ENZ wavelength (λENZ). In order to exploit the novel properties of ENZ materials for real-world applications, it is important to develop material platforms that offer continuous tuning of λENZ. We report octave span, controllable, and reversible tuning of λENZ from 1280 nm to 2900 nm in commercially available thin films of indium tin oxide (ITO), employing a low temperature annealing protocol. Electrical, spectroscopic, and optical measurements establish the physical basis of the observed tunability in free electron density by over an order of magnitude and quantify the real and imaginary components of the refractive index for ITO thin films. Excitation of surface plasmon polaritons (SPPs) in the metallic regime of ITO probes its infrared plasmonic response demonstrating continuous tunability of SPP frequency and crossover to the tunable ENZ plasmon mode in ultrathin films. Finally, dispersion tuning of optical fiber modes by optical coupling with a tunable λENZ platform is demonstrated by investigating modal interference in a tapered silica fiber in contact with various custom tuned ITO films.
Longitudinal spatial coherence applied for surface profilometry (2000)

A method of optical coherence profilometry, believed to be new, is demonstrated. This method is based on the spatial, rather than the temporal, coherence phenomenon. Therefore the proposed interferometric system is illuminated by a quasi-monochromatic spatial incoherent source instead of a broadband light source. The surface profile is measured by means of shifting the spatial degree of coherence gradually along its longitudinal axis while keeping the optical path difference between the measured surface and a reference plane constant. Experimental proof of the new principle is presented.
Crystal structure of NS-134 in complex with bovine cathepsin B: a two-headed epoxysuccinyl inhibitor extends along the entire active-site cleft (2004)

The crystal structure of the inhibitor NS-134 in complex with bovine cathepsin B reveals that functional groups attached to both sides of the epoxysuccinyl reactive group bind to the part of active-site cleft as predicted. The -Leu-Pro-OH side binds to the primed binding sites interacting with the His110 and His111 residues with its C-terminal carboxy group, whereas the -Leu-Gly-Meu (-Leu-Gly-Gly-OMe) part (Meu, methoxycarbonylmethyl) binds along the non-primed binding sites. Comparison with the propeptide structures of cathepsins revealed that the binding of the latter part is least similar to the procathepsin B structure; this result, together with the two-residue shift in positioning of the Leu-Gly-Gly part, suggests that the propeptide structures of the cognate enzymes may not be the best starting point for the design of reverse binding inhibitors.
Effective Ring-Opening Reaction of Aziridines with Trimethylsilyl Compounds:  A Facile Access to β-Amino Acids and 1,2-Diamine Derivatives (2000)

Ring-opening reactions of aziridines with trimethylsilyl compounds triggered by tetrabutylammonium fluoride give the corresponding products regioselectively in excellent yield. It provides a facile and efficient procedure for the ring-opening reactions of aziridines and affords a practical access to the synthesis of cyano-, azido-, or chloroamines because of its efficiency and simplicity. The products are easily transformed to vicinal diamines or beta-amino acids.
Analysis of grating-coupled radiation in GaAs:GaAlAs lasers and waveguides - II: Blazing effects (1976)

Grating-coupled radiation in lasers and waveguides is analyzed for trapezoidal-shaped grating teeth which includes all triangular shapes. A perturbation technique is used which involves calculating the modes in a geometry with an inhomogeneous refractive index profile in the grating region. Curves are presented for radiated power from traveling waves as a function of blazing angle, grating tooth height, refractive index, and grating period. It is shown that the ratio of power radiated into the outer media depends greatly on tooth shape and size. By judiciously selecting parameters this ratio can exceed 50:1.
Introduction to Data Mining and its Applications to Manufacturing (2008)

This chapter provides a brief introduction to data mining, the data mining process, and its applications to manufacturing. Several examples are provided to illustrate how data mining, a key area of computational intelligence, offers a great promise to manufacturing companies. It also covers a brief overview of data warehousing as a strategic resource for quality improvement and as a major enabler for data mining applications. Although data mining has been used extensively in several industries, in manufacturing its use is more limited and new. The examples published in the literature of using data mining in manufacturing promise a bright future for a broader expansion of data mining and business intelligence in general into manufacturing. The author believes that data mining will become a main stream application in manufacturing and it will enhance the analytical capabilities in the organization beyond what is offered and used today from statistical methods.