gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Product and Process Design Principles: Synthesis, Analysis and Evaluation (2016)

1. Introduction to Chemical Product Design 1S Supplement to Chapter 1 2. Product-Development Process PART 1 BASIC CHEMICALS PRODUCT DESIGN 3. Materials Technology for Basic Chemicals: Molecular-Structure Design 3S Supplement to Chapter 3 4. Process Creation for Basic Chemicals 5. Simulation to Assist in Process Creation 6. Heuristics for Process Synthesis 7. Reactor Design and Synthesis of Networks Containing Reactors 7S Supplement to Chapter 7 8. Synthesis of Separation Trains 9. Heat and Power Integration 9S Suppliment to Chapter 9 Second Law Analysis 10. Mass Integration 11. Optimal Design and Scheduling of Batch Processes 12. Plantwide Controllability Assessment 12S Supplement to Chapter 12 Flowsheet Controllability Analysis 13. Basic Chemicals Product Design Case Studies PART 2 INDUSTRIAL CHEMICALS PRODUCT DESIGN 14. Materials and Process/Manufacturing Technologies for Industrial Chemical Products 15. Industrial Chemicals Product Design Case Studies PART 3 CONFIGURED CONSUMER PRODUCT DESIGN 16. Materials, Process/Manufacturing, and Product Technologies for Con?gured Consumer Products 16S Supplement to Chapter 16 17. Con?gured Consumer Product Design Case Studies PART 4 DETAILED DESIGN, EQUIPMENT SIZING, OPTIMIZATION, AND PRODUCT-QUALITY ANALYSIS 18. Heat Exchanger Design 19. Separation Tower Design 20. Pumps, Compressors, and Expanders 21. Polymer Compounding 22. Cost Accounting and Capital Cost Estimation 22S Supplement to Chapter 22 23. Annual Costs, Earnings, and Pro?tability Analysis 23S Supplement to Chapter 23 24. Design Optimization 25. Six-Sigma Design Strategies PART 5 DESIGN REPORT 26. Written Reports and Oral Presentations APPENDIXES INDICES
A comparative study of IR Ge photodiodes with a Schottky barrier contact and metal-semiconductor-metal structure (2014)

We report the characterization of germanium (Ge) infrared photodiodes fabricated with a Schottky barrier contact and a interdigitated metal-semiconductor-metal (MSM) structure with gold electrodes on n-Ge substrates. The current-volage (I-V) characteristics were studied, and parameters such as the ideality factor and the barrier height of the Schottky contacts were extracted. Furthemore, we estimated the dark current and the photocurrent under illumination with λ = 1550 nm light, and we measured the capacitance-voltage (C-V) characteristics and the dependence of the responsivity on the bias voltage of both photodiodes at room temperature. The dark currents of the Schottky and the MSM photodiodes were ~ 20.2 μA and ~ 26.0 μA under −1 V bias and −2 V bias, respectively. In addition, the reverse breakdown voltage was high, in excess of ~ −30 V. The Schottky barrier height was deduced to be 0.546 eV. A maximum responsivity of 0.27 A/W was achieved under illumination with λ = 1550 nm light at a 2-V bias. A typical peak was observed at a wavelength of 1600 nm, and a high responsivity was observed in the wavelength range from 1200 to 1800 nm.
Reactive oxygen signaling and MAPK activation distinguish Epstein–Barr Virus (EBV)-positive versus EBV-negative Burkitt's lymphoma (2004)

Burkitt's lymphoma (BL) is an aggressive B cell neoplasm, which is one of the most common neoplasms of childhood. It is highly widespread in East Africa, where it appears in endemic form associated with Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) infection, and around the world in a sporadic form in which EBV infection is much less common. In addition to being the first human neoplasm to be associated with EBV, BL is associated with a characteristic translocation, in which the Ig promoter is translocated to constitutively activate the c-myc oncogene. Although many BLs respond well to chemotherapy, a significant fraction fails to respond to therapy, leading to death. In this article, we demonstrate that EBV-positive BL expresses high levels of activated mitogen-activated protein kinase and reactive oxygen species (ROS), and that ROS directly regulate NF-kappaB activation. EBV-negative BLs exhibit activation of phosphoinositol 3-kinase, but do not have elevated levels of ROS. Elevated reactive oxygen may play a role in diverse forms of viral carcinogenesis in humans, including cancers caused by EBV, hepatitis B, C, and human T cell lymphotropic virus. Our findings imply that inhibition of ROS may be useful in the treatment of EBV-induced neoplasia.
Radio resource allocation for OSC downlink channels (2012)

In Voice services over Adaptive Multi-user channels on One Slot (VAMOS), which has been standardized as an extension to the Global System for Mobile Communications (GSM), the concept of Orthogonal Sub-channels (OSC) is employed. Two overlaid Gaussian minimum-shift keying (GMSK) signals are transmitted in the same time slot and on the same frequency. The aim of VAMOS is to approximately double the cell capacity compared to the legacy GSM system. This work studies the downlink radio resource allocation problem. The base station (BS) can decide which users should share the same time and frequency resource within a cell. Additionally, the power allocation for each user must be considered along with a limitation of the subchannel power imbalance ratio (SCPIR) of the users in each pair. Due to frequency hopping (FH) an estimation of the co-channel interference level is not possible. Therefore, this paper proposes a radio resource allocation scheme that allocates resources without the exact knowledge of the actual interference situation. To reduce the energy consumption of the BS, the resources are allocated for a minimum sum transmit power taking into account a prescribed target frame error rate (FER) at the receiver. Simulation results show that with the proposed resource allocation scheme a significant reduction of the required transmit power is possible. Furthermore, the influence of the equalizers on the FER performance, and therefore also the energy savings are evaluated, considering different VAMOS receiver algorithms.
The perforated intrauterine device: endoscopic retrieval. (2008)

The gynecologic surgeon should acquire familiarity with the complications of, and proficiency in managing, perforated and ectopic IUDs by using modern surgical techniques that permit the patient's rapid return to health.
A Scheme for Protecting the Information Leakage Via Portable Devices (2007)

Information leakage from corporate computer systems is a big social problem in terms of the protection of corporate assets and customers' privacy. Digital assets are usually brought out of companies with the portable devices such as USB memory sticks, PDAs, and laptop PCs. This paper proposes a scheme that protects the information leakage via portable devices so that the access to sensitive files on a storage device attached to a computing device is allowed only when the latter is located inside the company and is connected to the company's network. To detect this, we use the IP addresses of the company and the computing device, but also a challenge-response authentication protocol to prevent such attacks that simulate the company's system to camouflage the computing device's location.
Cu/Zeolite SCR on High Porosity Filters: Laboratory and Engine Performance Evaluations (2009)

<div class="htmlview paragraph">Selective catalytic reduction (SCR) is expected to be used extensively in the U.S. for diesel vehicle NOx control. Much progress has been made on improving performance and reducing complexity of SCR systems for vehicles in the past several years. SCR system complexity can be reduced further by implementation of SCR-coated diesel particulate filters (SCRFs). In this system, a high porosity (&gt; 50%) filter substrate is coated with an SCR formulation, ideally in the pores of the filter walls, so that the DPF and SCR functions can be combined into a single catalyst.</div> <div class="htmlview paragraph">Two state-of-the-art Cu/zeolite SCR formulations and three types of high porosity filter substrates were included in this study. Laboratory and engine-dynamometer tests were performed to measure NOx conversion under a variety of conditions to assess the impact of ammonia oxidation, inlet NO<sub>2</sub>/NOx ratio, ammonia/NOx ratio, oxygen level, space velocity, soot loading, and ammonia loading level. In general, SCRF technology was found to perform similarly to traditional channel-flow catalysts with the same type of active materials.</div>
Pulse Propagation in the Amplifier and in the Saturable Absorber of a High-Power Iodine Laser (1983)

Pulse propagation in a photo dissociation iodine laser amplifier and saturable absorber are investigated by the use of semi-classical treatments. Based upon the numerical integration of the semi-classical equations, the effects of the linear propagation loss and of the input pulse energy on nonlinear pulse amplification are discussed. From our calculations, it has been made clear that the pulse showing stable propagation through the amplifier is the one having a pulse area of 2.46π and which extracts energy efficiently from the amplifier. It is also shown that there is a close relation between the peak power of the propagated pulse and the rise time, and that the disadvantages of nonlinear amplification can be eliminated. In treating energy absorption, the results we obtained provide a good fit with those obtained experimentally. Our semi-classical equations are useful for analyzing pulse propagation in a complete iodine amplifier system with a saturable absorber.
32 phase×32 amplitude optical arbitrary waveform generation (2007)

We describe the precise shaping and mode-resolved amplitude and phase characterization of optical arbitrary waveforms by using a 20 GHz optical frequency comb and integrated 64 x 20 GHz channel arrayed waveguide grating pair. Complex waveforms with large variations in phase and amplitude between adjacent modes were generated and characterized.
SkyMedia - UAV-based capturing of HD/3D content with WSN augmentation for immersive media experiences (2011)

In the entertainment industry, technology advances are continuously improving and evolving the portfolio of services and distinguished features that can be experienced by the audience, whether it is attending the event on site or remotely. In this context, the SkyMedia system aims at exploring, designing, and demonstrating a novel multimedia end-to-end architecture that can provide unique immersive media experiences to audience during live events. UAV and WSN technologies play a central role as enabling technologies. UAVs capture HD and 3D videos and images from the sky, while wireless sensors form an augmentation network acquiring side-information to be fused with the main audiovisual contents. All technologies come together to form a very advanced Multimedia Service Platform able to manage in real-time HD/3D processing, and an immersive media experience demonstration is going to be performed during a public live event in order to prove the effectiveness of the system.
Solgel alumina coating for hollow waveguide delivery of CO_2 laser radiation (1995)

Solgel alumina films were prepared by use of the Yoldas process and were characterized optically and microstructurally. From nitrogen adsorption and electron microscopy, we determined that the material was highly porous, with pores and crystallites of the order of tens of nanometers in size. The infrared transmission and reflectance of the films were measured, and dispersion curves were calculated as a function of firing temperature by extracting the film optical constants from the reflectance and thickness data. The use of this material in a hollow waveguide structure for the delivery of CO(2) laser radiation for surgical applications is discussed. Calculated waveguide losses indicate that solgel-based alumina is a good candidate material for this application.
Fluctuations in syringe-pump infusions: association with blood pressure variations in infants (1995)

Flow continuity of two brands of syringe pumps and four brands of syringes was studied as a possible cause of hemodynamic fluctuations observed in neonates. Cyclical fluctuations were observed in the blood pressure of 14 neonates receiving dopamine infusions by syringe pump at flow rates from 0.2 to 1 mL/hr. Atom 235 and IVAC 770 pumps and various sizes of Terumo, Becton Dickinson, Omnifix, and IVAC syringes were evaluated. Flow continuity was assessed by using a gravimetric technique. The force needed to initiate and maintain syringe plunger motion was also measured. Noncontinuous flow was encountered most commonly with Terumo syringes, which delivered boluses at regular intervals at flow rates up to 5 mL/hr. The interval was dependent on flow rate and was similar to the time between the blood pressure fluctuations observed clinically. The syringe plunger force exhibited regular fluctuations indicative of the plunger sticking, and simultaneous measurement of flow established a direct temporal relationship with boluses. The other syringes tested did not exhibit such fluctuations. No differences were found between the two syringe pumps. Syringe plunger sticking, resulting in intermittent boluses and potential blood pressure fluctuations, may occur at low flow rates and with certain syringe brands. This appeared to be the cause of hemodynamic fluctuations in neonates receiving dopamine infusions.
Preparation and catalytic reaction of Au/Pd bimetallic nanoparticles in Apo-ferritin (2009)

We have succeeded in preparing Au/Pd core-shell nanoparticles in apo-ferritin and improving the catalytic reactivity of olefin hydrogenation relative to Pd0 nanoparticles in the cage.
Predicting 3-D Lower Back Joint Load in Lifting: A Deep Pose Estimation Approach (2019)

Goal: Lifting is a common manual material handling task performed in the workplaces. It is considered as one of the main risk factors for work-related musculoskeletal disorders. An important criterion to identify the unsafe lifting task is the values of the net force and moment at L5/S1 joint. These values are mainly calculated in a laboratory environment, which utilizes marker-based sensors to collect three-dimensional (3-D) information and force plates to measure the external forces and moments. However, this method is usually expensive to set up, time-consuming in process, and sensitive to the surrounding environment. In this study, we propose a deep neural network (DNN)-based framework for 3-D pose estimation, which addresses the aforementioned limitations, and we employ the results for L5/S1 moment and force calculation. Methods: At the first step of the proposed framework, full body 3-D pose is captured using a DNN, then at the second step, estimated 3-D body pose along with the subject's anthropometric information is utilized to calculate L5/S1 join's kinetic by a top-down inverse dynamic algorithm. Results: To fully evaluate our approach, we conducted experiments using a lifting dataset consisting of 12 subjects performing various types of lifting tasks. The results are validated against a marker-based motion capture system as a reference. The grand mean ± SD of the total moment/force absolute errors across all the dataset was 9.06 ± 7.60 N·m/4.85 ± 4.85 N. Conclusion: The proposed method provides a reliable tool for assessment of the lower back kinetics during lifting and can be an alternative when the use of marker-based motion capture systems is not possible.
Methods to focalize noninvasive electrical brain stimulation: principles and future clinical development for the treatment of pain (2013)

Keywords:: brain mappingclinical practiceelectrical stimulationelectrical stimulation therapyneuronal plasticitypaintranscranial direct current stimulationtranscranial magnetic stimulation
Inhibition of Tumor Growth by NK1.1+ Cells and CD8+ T Cells Activated by IL-15 through Receptor β/Common γ Signaling in <i>trans</i> (2008)

IL-15 is an important cytokine involved in the survival and function of CD8(+) T cells and NK cells. IL-15 can be presented by IL-15Ralpha (IL-15RA) to bind with the shared IL-2/IL-15Rbeta and common gamma-chains, which activate signaling pathways on NK cells and CD8(+) T cells. In the present study, we characterized the function of trans-presented IL-15 on NK cells and CD8(+) T cells using TC-1 tumor cells transduced with a retrovirus encoding IL-15 linked to IL-15RA (IL-15/IL-15RA). We demonstrated that the expression of IL-15/IL-15RA on TC-1 cells led to increased percentages of tumor-infiltrating NK cells, NKT cells, and CD8(+) T cells, resulting in the inhibition of tumor growth in challenged mice. Additionally, in vivo Ab depletion experiments demonstrated that NK1.1(+) cells and CD8(+) T cells were important in this inhibition of tumor growth. Furthermore, this accumulation of immune cells and inhibition of tumor growth was abolished by a single amino acid mutation in the common gamma-chain binding site on IL-15. We also observed that IL-15/IL-15RA-transduced TC-1 cells led to the activation of STAT5 in NK and CD8(+) T cells in trans, which was abolished in the mutated IL-15/IL-15RA-transduced TC-1 cells. Taken together, our data suggest that common gamma-chain binding-dependent activation of the shared IL-15/IL-2Rbeta/common gamma signaling pathway may play an important role in the activation of NK cells and CD8(+) T cells, resulting in IL-15/IL-15RA trans-presentation-mediated inhibition of tumor growth.
A Systematic Review of Gastric Acid-Reducing Agent-Mediated Drug–Drug Interactions with Orally Administered Medications (2019)

This review may provide a resource to healthcare professionals in aiding the care of patients by increasing awareness of interactions with ARAs and may also identify and potentially aid in avoiding clinically relevant DDIs and preventing risk of treatment failure and/or adverse effects. Advances in non-clinical predictions of gastric pH-mediated DDIs may guide the need for a future clinical evaluation.
Effects of Nonselective Cyclooxygenase Inhibition with Low-Dose Ibuprofen on Tumor Growth, Angiogenesis, Metastasis, and Survival in a Mouse Model of Colorectal Cancer (2005)

Ibuprofen, in part by modulating tumor angiogenesis, decreases both tumor growth and metastatic potential in mice. The ibuprofen doses were in the low range of therapeutic human plasma concentrations. Ibuprofen potentiates the antitumor properties of CPT-11 and improves survival of mice without increasing gastrointestinal toxicity.
CD73/Ecto-5′-Nucleotidase Protects Against Vascular Inflammation and Neointima Formation (2006)

Background— Although CD73/ecto-5′-nucleotidase has been implicated in maintaining vasoprotection, its role in regulating endothelial adhesion molecule or inflammatory monocyte recruitment (eg, in the context of vascular injury) remains to be defined. Methods and Results— Compared with wild-type mice, CD73-deficient (CD73 −/− ) mice exhibit increased luminal staining and protein and transcript expression for vascular cell adhesion molecule (VCAM)-1 in carotid arteries. In vitro, aortic endothelial cells (ECs) from CD73 −/− mice display an upregulation of mRNA and protein expression of VCAM-1, associated with increased nuclear factor (NF)-κB activity, as determined by chromatin cross-linking and immunoprecipitation or quantitative p65 binding assays. CD73 −/− ECs and carotid arteries perfused ex vivo supported increased monocyte arrest under flow conditions, which was mediated by α 4β1 integrin. After wire injury of carotid arteries, CD73 expression and activity were upregulated in wild-type mice, whereas neointimal plaque formation and macrophage content were increased in CD73 −/− mice versus wild-type mice, concomitant with elevated NF-κB activation, luminal VCAM-1 expression, and soluble VCAM-1 concentrations. In contrast, reconstitution of wild-type mice with CD73 −/− versus CD73 +/+ BM did not significantly exacerbate neointima formation. Treatment with the specific A 2A receptor agonist ATL-146e reversed the increased VCAM-1 transcript and protein expression in CD73 −/− ECs and inhibited monocyte arrest on CD73 −/− ECs. Continuous infusion of ATL-146e prevented neointima formation in CD73 −/− mice. Conclusions— Our data epitomize the importance of vascular CD73 in limiting endothelial activation and monocyte recruitment via generation of adenosine acting through the A 2A receptor, providing a molecular basis for therapeutic protection against vascular inflammation and neointimal hyperplasia.
Introduction: Chronic Kidney Disease: A Burgeoning Health Epidemic (2007)

CKD is costly. Preventing progression to ESRD may improve quality of life and help save health care dollars. A concerted approach to manage CKD patients effectively starts with early detection and integrated management by multiple specialties. Delaying disease progression is crucial and must include patient education and aggressive treatment and management of CKD and its comorbidities. Interdisciplinary care models in which pharmacists are integrally involved should be replicated.
Knoevenagel Adducts as Trimethylenemethane Dipole Surrogates (2015)

Knoevenagel adducts derived from readily available acetoxyacetone and malonic acid derivatives served as trimethylenemethane surrogates for formal 1,3-difunctionalization through a sequence of selective γ-deprotonation/α-alkylation and palladium(0)-catalyzed allylic alkylation. Herein, we report the discovery and development of a three-component 1,3-difunctionalization of Knoevenagel adducts as well as a unique palladium(0)-catalyzed branch-selective allylic alkylation.
In Vitro Sensitivity to Ultraviolet B Light and Skin Cancer Risk: A Case–Control Analysis (2005)

UVB-induced mutagen sensitivity may play a role in susceptibility to NMSC but not to CMM.
잠수함용 GFRP 표면결함 수리에 따른 기계적 특성변화 연구 (2020)

Purpose: The purpose of this study is to define guideline for fiber-glass-resin-putty repairing method for submarine GFRP by comparing structural strength between normal GFRP and putty repaired GFRP.
Methods: GFRP specimen tensile and flexural tests are conducted in accordance with ASTM D3039/3039M-17 and ASTM D790 Procedure A. The collected data was analysed whether satisfies its structural strength criteria. Furthermore, It is analysed to find dominant reason of structural strength changes.
Results: The result of the study is as follows; flexural strength of GFRP is satisfied strength criteria for all test cases, but tensile strength is not satisfied its criteria for some cases which over 2 mm depth of surface damage.
Conclusion: The fiberglass-resin-putty repairing method should be applied to under 2 mm depth of damage which is not affecting to roving fiber layer destruction in GREP laminate.
Thermal stability analysis of UV-induced fiber Bragg gratings (1997)

The phenomenon of decay in UV-induced Bragg gratings is examined. Thermal stability of gratings with large and small index changes are studied and compared. The role of stabilization in enhancing the thermal stability of gratings is explained. Approaches to analyzing and predicting grating decay are reviewed and compared.
What Has Driven the Recent Increase in Retirements (2011)

During the pandemic, the share of retirees in the U.S. population rose much faster than its normal pace. Typically, an increase in this share is driven by more people transitioning from employment to retirement. However, we show that the recent increase was instead driven by fewer people transitioning from retirement back into employment, likely due to pandemic-related health risks. More retirees may rejoin the workforce as these health risks fade, but the retirement share is unlikely to return to a normal level for some time.
Tensile Mechanics of Electrospun Multiwalled Nanotube/Poly(methyl methacrylate) Nanofibers (2007)

Carbon-nanotube-reinforced, single electrospun PMMA nanofibers (see figure) exhibit an improved Young's modulus and tensile strength relative to unreinforced PMMA nanofibers. The Young's modulus data fits well with the theoretical prediction of the Halpin–Tsai equation. The tensile strength data shows a relatively large variability, which can adequately be fitted by Poisson–Weibull statistics.