gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Kikuchi‐Fujimoto Disease: A Case Report (2003)

We describe a rare but typical case of Kikuchi-Fujimoto disease (KFD). Two subcutaneous nodules appeared suddenly on the right of the neck of a 15-year-old girl. Microscopy of a surgical specimen of the larger nodule showed necrotizing lymphadenitis. Prompt treatment with mepirizole resulted in the disappearance of the smaller nodule. No recurrence was noted during 6 months of follow-up. KFD is a rare, self-limiting, necrotizing histiocytic lymphadenitis that needs to be differentiated from malignant lymphoma. Any nodal biopsy showing fragmented nuclei, necrosis, and karyorrhexis without prominent neutrophils should alert the physician to consideration of KFD, especially in a young woman presenting with cervical lymphadenopathy.
Active-Oxygen Scavenging Activity of Plant Extracts. (1995)

To find antioxidative compounds present in plants, 65 types of plant extract were tested using the neotetrazolium method for evidence of superoxide anion-scavenging effects and 7 plant extracts were selected for further investigation. The activity of active-oxygen scavengers such as superoxide anion radicals, hydroxyl radicals, singlet oxygens and lipid peroxides in the 7 plant extracts (Aeseclus hippocastanum L., Hamamelis virginiana L. Polygonum cuspidatum Sieb., Quercus robur L., Rosemarinous officinalis L., Salvia officinalis L. and Sanguisorba officinalis L.) was examined in detail by both ESR spin-trapping and malondialdehyde generation. Furthermore, the active-oxygen scavenging activity of these plant extracts was evaluated using a murine dermal fibroblast culture system. Both Aeseclus hippocastanum L. and Hamamelis virginia L. were found to have strong active-oxygen scavenging activity of and protective activity against cell damage induced by active oxygen. Both Aeseclus hippocastanum L. and Hamamelis virginiana L. are proposed as potent plant extracts with potential application as anti-aging or anti-wrinkle material for the skin.
Metal hydride reductions of unsymmetrically substituted cyclic anhydrides attached to strained ring systems (1982)

A dramatic reversal in regioselectivity is observed in the metal hydride reduction of unsymmetrical cyclic anhydrides such as 2,3, and 4 compared to cyclic anhydrides attached to bridged ring systems (e.g. 1). The synthesis of model cyclic anhydrides attached to strained rings is described and the ratios of isomeric lactones obtained upon reduction with metal hydride are reported. On the basis of theoretical calculations and, taking into account the intrinsic reactivity of the carbonyl group, the antiperiplanar effect, and steric congestion, an explanation is offered for the regioselectivity observed in the reduction of these compounds.
Profile of bavituximab and its potential in the treatment of non-small-cell lung cancer (2014)

Irene Stasi, Federico Cappuzzo Medical Oncology Department, Istituto Toscano Tumori, Ospedale Civile, Livorno, Italy Abstract: Bavituximab is a an unconjugated, chimeric immunoglobulin G1 (IgG1) monoclonal antibody directed against the phosphatidylserine (PS) expressed on tumor endothelium, with a specific mechanism of action. PS is an anionic membrane phospholipid, physiologically restricted to the internal membrane leaflet; various pathophysiologic processes cause the exposure of PS on the external membrane leaflet. Bavituximab, once bound, starts up host effector activities, such as antibody dependent cellular cytotoxicity, causing vessel destruction and enhancing antitumor immunity. Phase I clinical trials of bavituximab administered as monotherapy or in combination with other chemotherapeutic agents in adults with pretreated solid tumors have been accomplished, indicating that bavituximab can be safely dispensed weekly, with a recommended dose of 1 and 3 mg/kg. A Phase II randomized, placebo-controlled trial of bavituximab plus docetaxel, in the second-line therapy setting of locally advanced or metastatic non-small-cell lung cancer, has been conducted and recently presented, suggesting a clinical benefit of the combination, with an overall response rate of 17% and median overall survival of more than 11 months. A Phase III trial is currently ongoing. Bavituximab has been studied in combination with platinum-based doublets with promising results. In the present paper we summarize the preclinical development and clinical experience with bavituximab in non-small-cell lung cancer. Keywords: bavituximab, NSCLC, targeted therapy, vascular disrupting agent, vascular targeting agent
논문 : MEMS 및 센서시스템 ; 한국형 고속전철의 디스크 제동력 측정 방법에 관한 연구 (2004)

In general, the braking system of high speed train has an important role for the safety of the train. To stop safely the train at its pre-decided position, it is necessary to combine properly the various brakes. Korean high speed train (HSR 350x) has adopted a combined electric and mechanic (friction) braking system. Electric brakes are consist of rheostatic brake, regenerative brake and eddy current brake and mechanical brakes are composed of disc brake, wheel disc brake and tread brake. In this paper, the measuring method that can take a measurement of the braking forces for disc brake and wheel disc brake has been suggested and we have verified that this method is valid through on-line test of HSR 350x.
Valvetrain system design and materials (1997)

Over the past twenty years, the valvetrain for the internal combustion engine has seen significant changes. Market and regulatory demands faced by the engine manufacturers have been the driving forces of this evolution. While these demands will continue in the future, so will the development of valvetrain systems and components. As in the past, the advances to be made will depend on the ingenuity and foresight of the many valvetrain system designers and engineers as well as the suppliers of valvetrain component designs and materials. The proceedings of this conference will provide a historical perspective that will lay the foundation of where valvetrain systems and components will be heading in the future from both aspects of design and materials. Experts from the valvetrain industry have been called upon to share their insight and foresight on where we`ve been and where we are going. It is hoped that this background and open forum will provide additional insight into what is an important topic - taking the valvetrain for the internal combustion engine into the next century. Separate abstracts have been indexed into the database for contributions to this proceedings.
Sequencing with Earliness and Tardiness Penalties: A Review (1990)

We consider the problem of scheduling n jobs to minimize the total earliness and tardiness penalty. We review the literature on this topic, providing a framework to show how results have been generalized starting with a basic model that contains symmetric penalties, one machine and a common due date. To this base we add such features as parallel machines, complex penalty functions and distinct due dates. We also consolidate many of the existing results by proving general forms of two key properties of earliness/tardiness models.
Microstructure and <i>In Vitro</i> Biodegradable Properties of Fe-Zn Alloys Prepared by Electroforming (2014)

New biodegradable Fe-Zn alloys with different concentration of zinc were prepared by electroforming in this paper. The composition, phase and microstructure of the Fe-Zn alloys were investigated by EDX, XRD and SEM, respectively. The potentiodynamic polarization and static immersion test were used to evaluate the in vitro biodegradation properties of these alloys. The results revealed that the alloys consist of single-phase Fe-Zn solid solution and have a better degradation property than pure iron, which make it a potential material used for bioabsorbable endovascular stent.
Experiments With A Predictive Display And Shared Compliant Control For Time-delayed Teleoperation (2005)

An advanced force-reflecting telemanipulation system has been evolved with additional features of predictive displays and shared compliant control. Experiments per- formed with these two new features indicate that human telemanipulation task performance increases significantly with predictive displays and shared compliant control for time-delayed telemanipulation.
ChemInform Abstract: 3β‐(4′‐Chlorophenyl)tropan‐2β‐carboxamides and Cocaine Amide Analogues: New High Affinity and Selective Compounds for the Dopamine Transporter. (1994)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Testing the robustness of two-boundary control policies in semiconductor manufacturing (1996)

A simulation model based on a real wafer fabrication is used to investigate the robustness of the two-boundary (TB) production control strategy to the existing uniform loading policy used in a semiconductor fab. Our findings confirm that the TB policy is the most robust of all when random interference, such as machine breakdowns and demand variations, exist. It is also observed that the performance of the wafer fabrication facility under investigation can be improved significantly in terms of reducing cycle time, decreasing work-in-progress (WIP), and cutting down inventory cost.
2-Deoxy-d-glucose is a potent inhibitor of biofilm growth in Escherichia coli (2016)

Escherichia coli strain 15 (ATCC 9723), which forms robust biofilms, was grown under optimal biofilm conditions in NaCl-free Luria-Bertani broth (LB*) or in LB* supplemented with one of the non-metabolizable analogues 2-deoxy-d-glucose (2DG), methyl α-d-mannopyranoside (αMM), or methyl α-d-glucopyranoside (αMG). Biofilm growth was inhibited by mannose analogue 2DG even at very low concentration in unbuffered medium, and the maximal inhibition was enhanced in the presence of either 100 mM KPO4 or 100 mM MOPS, pH 7.5; in buffered medium, concentrations of 0.02 % (1.2 mM) or more inhibited growth nearly completely. In contrast, mannose analogue αMM, which should not be able to enter the cells but has been reported to inhibit biofilm growth by binding to FimH, did not exhibit strong inhibition even at concentrations up to 1.8 % (108 mM). The glucose analogue αMG inhibited biofilm growth, but much less strongly than did 2DG. None of the analogues inhibited planktonic growth or caused a change in pH of the unbuffered medium. Similar inhibitory effects of the analogues were observed in minimal medium. The effects were not strain-specific, as 2DG and αMG also inhibited the weak biofilm growth of E. coli K12.
CLASSIFICATION OF IMBALANCED DATA: A REVIEW (2009)

Classification of data with imbalanced class distribution has encountered a significant drawback of the performance attainable by most standard classifier learning algorithms which assume a relatively balanced class distribution and equal misclassification costs. This paper provides a review of the classification of imbalanced data regarding: the application domains; the nature of the problem; the learning difficulties with standard classifier learning algorithms; the learning objectives and evaluation measures; the reported research solutions; and the class imbalance problem in the presence of multiple classes.
Femtocell versus WiFi - A survey and comparison of architecture and performance (2009)

Femtocells use common cellular air access technologies, but claim to improve system capacity according to Shannon's law by reducing distance between transmitter and receiver and thus improving the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR). Femtocells, however, use the IP network as backhaul architecture instead of the conventional cellular network infrastructure. Thus, femtocell and WiFi infrastructure networks have a lot in common. This raises a curiosity whether femtocell technology would replace existing WiFi technology. This can be answered only by carefully analyzing the similarities and differences between the two technologies. This paper provides a technical comparison between femtocells and WiFi in terms of architecture, operation and standards.
Jumping on water: Surface tension–dominated jumping of water striders and robotic insects (2015)

Jumping on water is a unique locomotion mode found in semi-aquatic arthropods, such as water striders. To reproduce this feat in a surface tension-dominant jumping robot, we elucidated the hydrodynamics involved and applied them to develop a bio-inspired impulsive mechanism that maximizes momentum transfer to water. We found that water striders rotate the curved tips of their legs inward at a relatively low descending velocity with a force just below that required to break the water surface (144 millinewtons/meter). We built a 68-milligram at-scale jumping robotic insect and verified that it jumps on water with maximum momentum transfer. The results suggest an understanding of the hydrodynamic phenomena used by semi-aquatic arthropods during water jumping and prescribe a method for reproducing these capabilities in artificial systems.
Development and commercialization of a 5 million Btu/hr pulse combustion commercial/industrial steam boiler with modulating capabilities. Final report, September 1987-November 1992 (1993)

A 2,500,000 Btu/hr pulse combustion boiler module was successfully developed and proof-of-concept was achieved. Two modules can be installed in a common pressure vessel to build low- and high-pressure versions of a 5,000,000 Btu/hr steam boiler. A market is also anticipated for stand-alone 2,500,000 Btu/hr boilers. An input-stepping control system was developed which allows the input rate to be switched between 1,250,000 and 2,500,000 Btu/hr without stopping the unit. Overall performance of the boiler module was very good. Heat-transfer efficiency was 82.5% and can be improved by changing the diameter of some of the 34 exhaust pipes. With flue-gas recirculation into the incoming air, NOx emissions were 23-25 ppm (3% oxygen basis) and CO emissions were 20-50 ppm (air-free basis).
ChemInform Abstract: μ‐Peroxox‐μ‐oxo‐bis(bis(trimethylsilylmethyl)tin): The First Structurally Characterized Main‐Group Metal η2‐Peroxide, a Formal Tin Analogue of an Ozonide. (1991)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Identification and Characterization of PERK Activators by Phenotypic Screening and Their Effects on NRF2 Activation (2015)

Endoplasmic reticulum stress plays a critical role to restore the homeostasis of protein production in eukaryotic cells. This vital process is hence involved in many types of diseases including COPD. PERK, one branch in the ER stress signaling pathways, has been reported to activate NRF2 signaling pathway, a known protective response to COPD. Based on this scientific rationale, we aimed to identify PERK activators as a mechanism to achieve NRF2 activation. In this report, we describe a phenotypic screening assay to identify PERK activators. This assay measures phosphorylation of GFP-tagged eIF2α upon PERK activation via a cell-based LanthaScreen technology. To obtain a robust assay with sufficient signal to background and low variation, multiple parameters were optimized including GFP-tagged eIF2α BacMam concentration, cell density and serum concentration. The assay was validated by a tool compound, Thapsigargin, which induces phosphorylation of eIF2α. In our assay, this compound showed maximal signal window of approximately 2.5-fold with a pEC50 of 8.0, consistent with literature reports. To identify novel PERK activators through phosphorylation of eIF2α, a focused set of 8,400 compounds was screened in this assay at 10 µM. A number of hits were identified and validated. The molecular mechanisms for several selected hits were further characterized in terms of PERK activation and effects on PERK downstream components. Specificity of these compounds in activating PERK was demonstrated with a PERK specific inhibitor and in PERK knockout mouse embryonic fibroblast (MEF) cells. In addition, these hits showed NRF2-dependent anti-oxidant gene induction. In summary, our phenotypic screening assay is demonstrated to be able to identify PERK specific activators. The identified PERK activators could potentially be used as chemical probes to further investigate this pathway as well as the link between PERK activation and NRF2 pathway activation.
Parallel-incidence-type waveguide-mode sensor with spectral-readout setup (2015)

A waveguide-mode sensor of the spectral-readout type can be used to detect changes in the complex refractive index in the vicinity of the surface of a sensing plate by observing the change in the spectrum of light reflected on the surface. The sensor's configuration can be simplified by adopting a parallel-incidence-type optical setup. To obtain a high sensitivity, the optimization of the sensing-plate structure, incidence angle, and detection wavelength band is essential for the sensor. In the present report, the results predicted by simulations are compared with experimental results in order to evaluate their validity. A discussion of the optimal design for the parallel-incidence-type sensor is also presented, according to the results obtained.
Autistic Enterocolitis: Fact or Fiction? (2009)

Autism spectrum disorder refers to syndromes of varying severity, typified by impaired social interactions, communicative delays and restricted, repetitive behaviours and interests. The prevalence of autism spectrum disorders has been on the rise, while the etiology remains unclear and most likely multifactorial. There have been several reports of a link between autism and chronic gastrointestinal symptoms. Endoscopy trials have demonstrated a higher prevalence of nonspecific colitis, lymphoid hyperplasia and focally enhanced gastritis compared with controls. Postulated mechanisms include aberrant immune responses to some dietary proteins, abnormal intestinal permeability and unfavourable gut microflora. Two autism spectrum disorder patients with chronic intestinal symptoms and abnormal endoscopic findings are described, followed by a review of this controversial topic.
Computational approaches to the identification of heparin-binding sites on the surfaces of proteins (2006)

The identification of heparin-binding sites is important for understanding the physiological function of many secreted proteins. Most of the experimental techniques for mapping these sites do not define them to atomic resolution. The use of automated docking methods can aid this process by facilitating both the design of experiments and visualization of their results. A method designed for a systematic search over the whole protein surface for heparin-binding sites, using heparin oligosaccharide structures as ligands, is described, with its validation and details of several published applications. The scope and limitations of this crude but effective computational chemistry method are discussed.
The synthesis and aggregation properties of a novel anionic gemini surfactant (1998)

The aggregation of a peptide-based anionic gemini surfactant has been found to be highly dependent on the environment in which this property is measured; dimensions of aggregates varied from those generally observed in micellar species to those in fibrillar material.
Measuring venous blood oxygenation in fetal brain using susceptibility‐weighted imaging (2013)

We have reported the first in vivo measurement of human fetal cerebral venous oxygen saturation using MRI.
Delayed Complications and Long-Term Management of Sulfur Mustard Poisoning: A Narrative Review of Recent Advances by Iranian Researchers Part ІІ: Clinical Management and Therapy. (2018)

The present study aimed to review and discuss the recommended and recently suggested protocols by Iranian researchers for a long-term treatment of delayed complications of sulfur mustard (DCSM) in veterans. As indicated clinically, patients who suffer from delayed ocular complications of sulfur mustard (DOCS) benefit from treatments for dry eyes, therapeutic contact lenses, amniotic membrane transplantation; blepharorrhaphy, tarsorrhaphy, limbal stem cell transplantation; corneal transplantation, topical steroids, and immunosuppressive. In spite of penetrating keratoplasty, lamellar keratoplasty and keratolimbal allograft had a good long-term survival. Delayed respiratory complications (DRCS) are the most common effects and life-threatening in Iranian veterans. The recommended treatment protocols include regular clinical evaluations, respiratory physiotherapy and rehabilitation, N-acetyl cysteine; warm humidified air, long-acting b2-agonists, and inhaled corticosteroids. Azithromycin has also been effective in improving clinical conditions, pulmonary function tests, inflammatory indexes, and life quality of the veterans. Interferon gamma (IFN-γ) and helium: oxygen combination were also used in severe DRCS with good results. Some of the delayed cutaneous complications (DCCS) such as itching affects the quality of life of victims. Regular but not frequent showering and bathing, applying sunscreen compounds, topical corticosteroids, and systemic antihistamines reduce the problems of DCCS patients. Several compounds such as capsaicin cream, pimecrolimus, IFN-γ, phenol-menthol; Aloe vera/olive oil cream, cetirizine, doxepine, and hydroxyzine were evaluated in DCCS patients with some benefits. The physicians in charge of veterans emphasize the importance of a healthy lifestyle, appropriate financial/social/cultural supports, and a degree of reassurance and supportive care on the clinical improvement of patients.
Synthesis and Antibiotic Properties of Chloramphenicol Reduction Products (1978)

Analogs of chloramphenicol were prepared for the first time in which the nitro group was replaced by hydroxylamine, nitroso, hydroxamic acid, methyl hydroxamate, and O-acetyl hydroxamate functional groups. These compounds were tested for antibiotic activity in order to determine whether the antibiotic activity of chloramphenicol is mediated by one or more of these potential metabolites of chloramphenicol. None of these analogs was as active as chloramphenicol against the four test organisms, and two of the compounds were essentially devoid of activity. The significance of these findings with regard to the importance of the nitro group to the biological activity of chloramphenicol is discussed.
Ybiv from <i>Escherichia coli</i> K12 is a HAD phosphatase (2005)

The protein YbiV from Escherichia coli K12 MG1655 is a hypothetical protein with sequence homology to the haloacid dehalogenase (HAD) superfamily of proteins. Although numerous members of this family have been identified, the functions of few are known. Using the crystal structure, sequence analysis, and biochemical assays, we have characterized YbiV as a HAD phosphatase. The crystal structure of YbiV reveals a two-domain protein, one with the characteristic HAD hydrolase fold, the other an inserted alpha/beta fold. In an effort to understand the mechanism, we also solved and report the structures of YbiV in complex with beryllofluoride (BeF3-) and aluminum trifluoride (AlF3), which have been shown to mimic the phosphorylated intermediate and transition state for hydrolysis, respectively, in analogy to other HAD phosphatases. Analysis of the structures reveals the substrate-binding cavity, which is hydrophilic in nature. Both structure and sequence homology indicate YbiV may be a sugar phosphatase, which is supported by biochemical assays that measured the release of free phosphate on a number of sugar-like substrates. We also investigated available genomic and functional data in an effort to determine the physiological substrate.