gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Time‐resolved 3D contrast‐enhanced MRA of an extended FOV using continuous table motion (2004)

A method is presented for acquiring 3D time-resolved MR images of an extended (>100 cm) longitudinal field of view (FOV), as used for peripheral MR angiographic runoff studies. Previous techniques for long-FOV peripheral MRA have generally provided a single image (i.e., with no time resolution). The technique presented here generates a time series of 3D images of the FOV that lies within the homogeneous volume of the magnet. This is achieved by differential sampling of 3D k-space during continuous motion of the patient table. Each point in the object is interrogated in five consecutive 3D image sets generated at 2.5-s intervals. The method was tested experimentally in eight human subjects, and the leading edge of the bolus was observed in real time and maintained within the imaging FOV. The data revealed differential bolus velocities along the vasculature of the legs.
Pulse Harmonic Strength of facial video signal for the detection of atrial fibrillation (2014)

It is estimated that 3.2 million people have developed atrial fibrillation (AF) in the United States and 30% of AF patients are unaware of their diagnosis (silent AF). We tested a new technology for contactless detection of AF based on facial video recordings in patients undergoing electrical cardioversion for AF. The proposed technique uses the facial video signal to extract the beat-to-beat variations of the skin color reflecting the cardiac pulsatile signal. We developed the concept of Pulse Harmonic Strength (PHS) to capture AF patterns from this signal. Also, we quantified the variability of the heart rate and pulse rate using additional measurements of heart rate variability. Eleven subjects (65±6 years, 8 males) were enrolled in the study and 407 epochs of 15 sec. were acquired simultaneously with ECG and facial video signals. PHS was associated with a 20% detection error rate of AF in reference to human interpretation while the error rates of the automatic ECG-based measurements ranged between 17% and 29% across the investigated HRV parameters.
Transport-based quantitative photoacoustic tomography: simulations and experiments (2010)

In this paper we describe a method for quantitative photoacoustic tomography (qPAT) based on the photon radiative transfer equation (RTE) coupled with the Helmholtz photoacoustic wave equation. Considerable simulations and tissue-like phantom experiments are conducted to evaluate transport-based qPAT in comparison with diffusion-based qPAT. In these comparative simulations and experiments, we systematically examine the effects of the ratio of mu(a)/mu'(s) (absorption/reduced scattering coefficient), the anisotropy factor (g) and the imaging domain size on the transport- and diffusion-based photoacoustic image reconstruction. The results obtained show that transport-based qPAT allows for clearly more accurate recovery of the absolute absorption coefficient images of heterogeneous media over diffusion-based qPAT for all the cases examined and provides considerably improved image quality for cases where the photon diffusion approximation (DA) is invalid.
Burn Depth Estimation Using Thermal Excitation and Imaging (1998)

Accurate estimation of the depth of partial-thickness burns and the early prediction of a need for surgical intervention are difficult. A non-invasive technique utilizing the difference in thermal relaxation time between burned and normal skin may be useful in this regard. In practice, a thermal camera would record the skin's response to heating or cooling by a small amount-roughly 5{degrees} Celsius for a short duration. The thermal stimulus would be provided by a heat lamp, hot or cold air, or other means. Processing of the thermal transients would reveal areas that returned to equilibrium at different rates, which should correspond to different burn depths. In deeper thickness burns, the outside layer of skin is further removed from the constant-temperature region maintained through blood flow. Deeper thickness areas should thus return to equilibrium more slowly than other areas. Since the technique only records changes in the skin's temperature, it is not sensitive to room temperature, the burn's location, or the state of the patient. Preliminary results are presented for analysis of a simulated burn, formed by applying a patch of biosynthetic wound dressing on top of normal skin tissue.
<title>Bias of integrated optics Pockels cell high-voltage sensors</title> (1994)

The results of measurements of the intrinsic phase-differences of titanium- indiffused lithium niobate waveguides, for use in integrated optics Pockels cell high-voltage sensors, are presented. The dependencies of the intrinsic phase-differences of these waveguides on their lengths and widths are investigated; a change of between 4.9 and 5.9 degree(s)/micrometers /mm was obtained. Also, the change in the intrinsic phase-difference as a function of both temperature and time was investigated; a typical change of 0.02 degree(s)/ degree(s)C/mm was measured and, following a small initial change, the bias was found not to drift with time. Some suggestions for possible post-processing of the output signals, of the integrated optics Pockels cell high-voltage sensors, to increase the dynamic range and to compensate for small changes in the bias, are presented.
Integrated structure vacuum tube: A Concept (1974)

Cathode emission is made to occur by heating entire structure to 600 C, and positive potential is applied to anode with negative potential on grids. Electron flow takes place from ring to circular anode through electric field produced by grids.
ChemInform Abstract: 1,2,5‐Thiadiazole‐1‐oxides. Part 4. Ring Transformation of 1,2,3,5‐Thiatriazole and 1,2,4,6‐Thiatriazene‐1‐oxide. (1986)

Abstract Bei der Behandlung mit den Hydrazinen (II) erhält man aus dem Thiadiazol‐oxid (I) die Umlagerungsprodukte (II), die mit Bicarbonat zu (III) hydrolysiert werden.
Pulsed 140 GHz fourier transform microwave spectrometer (1985)

An improved pulsed microwave spectrometer for the detection of rotational transitions in gaseous molecules in the frequency range of 130–150 GHz is described. It incorporates a tunable Fabry-Perot cavity and a low noise superheterodyne receiver for the detection of the molecular emission signals. The molecules are excited by π/2 pulses provided by a high efficiency frequency doubler which is pulse modulated at an IF frequency of 1.4 GHz.
The conformational feasibility for the formation of reaching dimer in ASV and HIV integrase: a molecular dynamics study (2016)

Retroviral integrases are reported to form alternate dimer assemblies like the core–core dimer and reaching dimer. The core–core dimer is stabilized predominantly by an extensive interface between two catalytic core domains. The reaching dimer is stabilized by N-terminal domains that reach to form intermolecular interfaces with the other subunit’s core and C-terminal domains (CTD), as well as CTD–CTD interactions. In this study, molecular dynamics (MD), Brownian dynamics (BD) simulations, and free energy analyses, were performed to elucidate determinants for the stability of the reaching dimer forms of full-length Avian Sarcoma Virus (ASV) and Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) IN, and to examine the role of the C-tails (the last ~16–18 residues at the C-termini) in their structural dynamics. The dynamics of an HIV reaching dimer derived from small angle X-ray scattering and protein crosslinking data, was compared with the dynamics of a core–core dimer model derived from combining the crystal structures of two-domain fragments. The results showed that the core domains in the ASV reaching dimer express free dynamics, whereas those in the HIV reaching dimer are highly stable. BD simulations suggest a higher rate of association for the HIV core–core dimer than the reaching dimer. The predicted stability of these dimers was therefore ranked in the following order: ASV reaching dimer < HIV reaching dimer < composite core–core dimer. Analyses of MD trajectories have suggested residues that are critical for intermolecular contacts in each reaching dimer. Tests of these predictions and insights gained from these analyses could reveal a potential pathway for the association and dissociation of full-length IN multimers.
Spare Capacity Allocation for Non-Linear Link Cost and Failure-Dependent Path Restoration (2001)

Abstract — The design of survivable mesh based communication networks has received considerable attention in recent years. One task is to route backup paths and allocate spare capacity in the network to guarantee seamless communications services survivable to a set of failure scenarios. This is a complex multi-constraint optimization problem, called spare capacity allocation (SCA). This paper presents a matrix based model for the NP-complete SCA problem on directed networks and develops an approximation algorithm, termed successive survivable routing (SSR) to include non-linear capacity cost and failure-dependent path restoration. The SCA problem using a modular link cost function is studied using SSR. Numerical results of total spare capacity and total cost are compared showing that SSR finds solutions with lower total costs when a non-linear cost function is considered. Moreover, the SCA problem using failure-dependent path restoration, which finds multiple backup paths for each working path, is discussed. A numerical comparison among different path restoration schemes using SSR is given showing the tradeoffs. Keywords—spare capacity allocation, protection and restoration algorithms, network survivability, survivable routing I.
Combining Full Waveform Inversion and Tomography: Full Waveform Inversion-guided Tomography (2015)

Summary With the new broadband acquisitions, allowing to record frequencies down to 2.5 Hz, and the new tomographic tools, allowing to resolve for vertical velocity components up to 6 Hz, we have moved velocity model building from the situation of a “mid-frequency gap” to the situation of an overlapping area in terms of the resolution we can expect from tomography and migration-inversion approaches. Full waveform inversion-guided migration velocity analysis has been proposed to take advantage of this new situation. We show here a first real data application of this innovative approach.
Advanced Pipeline Vibroacoustic Monitoring (2013)

Remote real-time monitoring of pipelines reliability is becoming a key factor for the environmental sustainability of oil&gas industry. Multipoint Acoustic Sensing (MAS) technology makes use of multi sensors placed at discrete distances to detect Third Party Interference (TPI) and fluid leaks along the pipeline. In fact, any interaction with the pipe generates pressure waves that are guided within the fluid (gas or oil) for long distances, carrying information on the source event. Pressure propagation is mainly governed by the absorption coefficient and the sound speed. These parameters are in turn complicated functions of the frequency, the geometrical and elastic parameters of the pipe shell, the elastic parameters of the surrounding medium, and the acoustic and thermodynamic properties of the transported fluid. We have analyzed these aspects while processing acoustic data collected on crude oil and gas transportation pipelines, in different operational and flow conditions. This study describes the acquisition campaigns and the data analysis steps used for the experimental derivation of fluid properties and pipe anomalies. The results are also used for the validation of mathematical models of pressure waves propagation in fluid filled pipes.
Elimination of interface defects in mismatched epilayers by a reduction in growth area (1988)

We have eliminated interface defects from the mismatched In0.05Ga0.95As/ (001)GaAs interface by controlling the size of the growth area. 2-μm-high pillars with different lateral shapes and dimensions were defined within the GaAs substrate before the molecular beam epitaxial growth of 3500 Å of In0.05Ga0.95As, greater than four times the critical thickness. On the pillars, the linear density of misfit dislocations was reduced from &gt;5000 dislocations/cm for large (several hundred μm lateral dimensions) growth areas to nearly zero for 25 μm lateral dimensions. The dislocation density remains less than 800 dislocations/cm for lateral dimensions up to 100 μm. We find that there is also a decrease in dislocation density in narrow channels between the pillars; therefore, the pillars also block the glide of misfit dislocations.
Low pull-in voltage electrostatic MEMS switch using liquid dielectric (2014)

In this paper, we present an electrostatic MEMS switch with liquids as dielectric to reduce the actuation voltage. The concept is verified by simulating a lateral dual gate switch, where the required pull-in voltage is reduced by more than 8 times after using water as a dielectric, to become as low as 5.36V. The proposed switch is simulated using COMSOL multiphysics using various liquid volumes to study their effect on the switching performance. Finally, we propose the usage of the lateral switch as a single switch XOR logic gate.
Extension of the unambiguous rotation sensing range of the fiber gyroscope using dual wavelength determination of the sagnac shift (1986)

A method for extending the unambiguous rotation sensing range, and thus dynamic range of the fiber gyroscope is described which is based on the measurement of the Sagnac shift at two wavelengths. Results obtained using an all-fiber gyro and sources at wavelengths of 812 and 842 nm are presented.
Anion-exchange resin-based desulfurization process. Quarterly technical progress report, October 1, 1992--December 31, 1992 (1992)

Under DOE Grant No. DE-FG22-90PC90309, the University of Tennessee Space Institute (UTSI) is contracted to further develop its anion-exchange, resin-based desulfurization concept to desulfurize alkali metal sulfates. From environmental as well as economic viewpoints, it is necessary to remove soluble sulfates from the wastes created by flue gas desulfurization systems. In order to do this economically, a low-cost desulfurization process for spent sorbents is necessary. UTSI`s anion-exchange resin-based desulfurization concept is believed to satisfy these requirements. During the reporting period, October 1, 1992--December 31, 1992, UTSI has completed the batch mode experiments to evaluate the performance enhancement effect caused by organic acids on the resin`s exhaustion efficiency. At present, batch mode experiments are being conducted to locate the position of the CO{sub 3}= and SO{sub 4}= ions in the affinity chart, and also reviewing/assessing the ASPEN Code`s capabilities for use in the development of the Best Process Schematic and related economics.
New Approaches to Non-PGM Electrocatalysts Using Porous Framework Materials (2010)

The catalytic oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) at the cathode is a critical process to proton exchange membrane fuel cell (PEMFC) operation. The current catalyst materials of choice are platinum group metals (PGMs) with high costs and limited reserves. Reported herein are our recent efforts in developing non-PGM electrocatalyst materials using rational design and synthesis. A variety of porous organic materials were developed as the catalyst precursors for preparing of ORR catalysts with high surface area and active site density free of carbon support. Electrocatalytic activities and physical properties of the new catalysts were investigated by various techniques in the process of understanding of the active site formation.
Protecting Privacy with a Declarative Policy Framework (2018)

This article describes a privacy policy framework that can represent and reason about complex privacy policies. By using a Common Data Model together with a formal shareability theory, this framework enables the specification of expressive policies in a concise way without burdening the user with technical details of the underlying formalism. We also build a privacy policy decision engine that implements the framework and that has been deployed as the policy decision point in a novel enterprise privacy prototype system. Our policy decision engine supports two main uses: (1) interfacing with user interfaces for the creation, validation, and management of privacy policies; and (2) interfacing with systems that manage data requests and replies by coordinating privacy policy engine decisions and access to (encrypted) databases using various privacy enhancing technologies.
Unambiguous state discrimination of coherent states with linear optics: Application to quantum cryptography (2002)

We discuss several methods for unambiguous state discrimination of N symmetric coherent states using linear optics and photodetectors. One type of measurement is shown to be optimal in the limit of small photon numbers for any N. For the special case of $N=4$ this measurement can be fruitfully used by the receiving end (Bob) in an implementation of the Bennett-Brassard 1984 (BB84) quantum key distribution protocol using faint laser pulses. In particular, if Bob detects only a single photon the procedure is equivalent to the standard measurement that he would have to perform in a single-photon implementation of BB84, if he detects two photons Bob will unambiguously know the bit sent to him in 50% of the cases without having to exchange basis information, and if three photons are detected, Bob will know unambiguously which quantum state was sent.
Ibrutinib in Previously Treated Waldenström’s Macroglobulinemia (2015)

Ibrutinib was highly active, associated with durable responses, and safe in pretreated patients with Waldenström's macroglobulinemia. MYD88 and CXCR4 mutation status affected responses to this drug. (Funded by Pharmacyclics and others; ClinicalTrials.gov number, NCT01614821.).
Tuning Ciprofloxacin Release Profiles from Liposomally Encapsulated Nanocrystalline Drug (2016)

This study provides another lever to achieve the desired release rate profile from a liposomal formulation by addition of surfactant and subsequent freeze-thaw, and thus may provide a personalized approach to treating patients.
Line-scanning laser ophthalmoscope (2006)

Scanning laser ophthalmoscopy (SLO) is a powerful imaging tool with specialized applications limited to research and ophthalmology clinics due in part to instrument size, cost, and complexity. Conversely, low-cost retinal imaging devices have limited capabilities in screening, detection, and diagnosis of diseases. To fill the niche between these two, a hand-held, nonmydriatic line-scanning laser ophthalmoscope (LSLO) is designed, constructed, and tested on normal human subjects. The LSLO has only one moving part and uses a novel optical approach to produce wide-field confocal fundus images. Imaging modes include multiwavelength illumination and live stereoscopic imaging with a split aperture. Image processing and display functions are controlled with two stacked prototype compact printed circuit boards. With near shot-noise limited performance, the digital LSLO camera requires low illumination power (<500 microW) at near-infrared wavelengths. The line-scanning principle of operation is examined in comparison to SLO and other imaging modes. The line-scanning approach produces high-contrast confocal images with nearly the same performance as a flying-spot SLO. The LSLO may significantly enhance SLO utility for routine use by ophthalmologists, optometrists, general practitioners, and also emergency medical personnel and technicians in the field for retinal disease detection and other diverse applications.
A semiconductor/mixed ion and electron conductor heterojunction for elevated-temperature water splitting (2013)

Photoelectrochemical cells (PECs) have been studied extensively for dissociating water into hydrogen and oxygen. Key bottlenecks for achieving high solar-to-hydrogen efficiency in PECs include increasing solar spectrum utilization, surmounting overpotential losses, and aligning the absorber/electrochemical redox levels. We propose a new class of solid-state PECs based on mixed ionic and electronic conducting (MIEC) oxides that operates at temperatures significantly above ambient and utilizes both the light and thermal energy available from concentrated sunlight to dissociate water vapor. Unlike thermochemical and hybrid photo-thermochemical water-splitting routes, the elevated-temperature PEC is a single-step approach operating isothermally. At the heart of the solid-state PEC is a semiconductor light absorber coated with a thin MIEC layer for improved catalytic activity, electrochemical stability, and ionic conduction. The MIEC, placed between the gas phase and the semiconductor light absorber, provides a facile path for minority carriers to reach the water vapor as well as a path for the ionic carriers to reach the solid electrolyte. Elevated temperature operation allows reasonable band misalignments at the interfaces to be overcome, reduces the required overpotential, and facilitates rapid product diffusion away from the surface. In this work, we simulate the behavior of an oxygen-ion-conducting photocathode in 1-D. Using the detailed-balance approach, in conjunction with recombination and electrochemical reaction rates, the practical efficiency is calculated as a function of temperature, solar flux, and select material properties. For a non-degenerate light absorber with a 2.0 eV band-gap and an uphill band offset of 0.3 eV, an efficiency of 17% and 11% is predicted at 723 and 873 K, respectively.
Bivalent Ligand Containing Curcumin and Cholesterol as a Fluorescence Probe for Aβ Plaques in Alzheimer’s Disease (2011)

A recently developed bivalent ligand BMAOI 14 (7) has been evaluated for its capability to label and detect aggregated β-amyloid (Aβ) peptide as a fluorescent probe. This probe contains curcumin as the Aβ recognition moiety and cholesterol as an anchorage to the neuronal cell membrane/lipid rafts. The results demonstrate that 7 binds to the monomers, oligomers as well as fibrils of Aβ42 with low micromolar to submicromolar binding affinities. This chemical probe also has many of the required optical properties for use in imaging and can rapidly cross the blood-brain barrier (BBB) in vivo. Furthermore, 7 specifically binds to Aβ plaques in both AD human patients and APP transgenic mouse brain tissues. Collectively, these results suggest that 7 is a strong candidate as an Aβ-imaging agent and encourage further optimization of 7 as a new lead to develop the next generation of Aβ-imaging probes.
High-resolution CW lidar altimetry using repeating intensity-modulated waveforms and Fourier transform reordering (2014)

An interpolation method is described for range measurements of high precision and altimetry using repeating intensity-modulated continuous wave (IM-CW) lidar waveforms, where the range is determined by means of a cross-correlation between the digital form of the transmitted signal and the digitized return signal collected by the lidar receiver. This method uses reordering of the array elements in the frequency domain to convert a repeating synthetic pulse signal to single highly interpolated pulse. The computation of this processing is marginally greater than the correlation itself, as it only involves reordering of the correlation in the frequency domain, which makes it possible to implement this in a real time application. It is shown through theoretical arguments and flight-testing that this is a viable method for high-speed interpolated range measurements. Standard deviation is 0.75 m over water with only 350 mw of transmitted power at 2600 m.
Bend resistance of large-mode-area higher-order-mode fibers (2006)

Higher-order-mode fibers with very large mode area are shown to be naturally resistant to bend induced mode distortion, an important limitation on amplifier fibers. Simulations and measurements display resistance of these fibers to bending