gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Malignant transformation of an infinite life span human fibroblast cell strain by transfection with v-Ki-ras. (1990)

To determine if human fibroblasts can be transformed into malignant cells by transfection of a K-ras oncogene, we transfected the provirus of Kirsten murine sarcoma virus (v-Ki-ras) into an infinite life span human cell strain, MSU-1.1, which has a normal morphology, is not anchorage independent, and has a stable, near-diploid karyotype. The transfected populations gave rise to distinct foci composed of morphologically-altered cells. The cells from several independent foci were isolated, propagated, and assayed for anchorage independence and/or tumorigenicity. They formed large-sized colonies in soft agar at a high frequency. Cell strains derived from colonies isolated from agar as well as focus-derived cell strains were injected subcutaneously into athymic mice to test for tumorigenicity. One cell strain yielded myxoid fibromas, the rest produced well-differentiated, progressively-growing, invasive, myxoid or spindle cell sarcomas. The karyotype of each of the cell strains tested, including cell strains derived from tumors, was identical to that of non-transfected MSU-1.1 cells. Two focus-derived strains, and two cell strains derived from sarcomas produced from them, were tested and shown by DNA and RNA hybridization to contain and express the v-Ki-ras oncogene. Radioimmunoprecipitation analysis showed that these strains expressed ras-specific p21 products not found in non-transfected MSU.1.1 cells. When injected intraperitoneally, a cell strain derived from a myxoid tumor gave rise to invasive myxoid tumors at various sites in the body. The same cell strain gave rise to invasive spindle cell sarcomas when injected into the tail vein of the animals.
In-situ Micro-sample Mechanical Testing in the SEM (2006)

Extended abstract of a paper presented at Microscopy and Microanalysis 2006 in Chicago, Illinois, USA, July 30 – August 3, 2005
Information flow between stock indices (2008)

Using transfer entropy, we observed the strength and direction of information flow between stock indices. We uncovered that the biggest source of information flow is America. In contrast, the Asia/Pacific region the biggest is receives the most information. According to the minimum spanning tree, the GSPC is located at the focal point of the information source for world stock markets.
Response of oxidative stress defense systems in rice (<i>Oryza sativa</i>) leaves with supplemental UV‐B radiation (1997)

The impact of elevated ultraviolet‐B radiation (UV‐B, 280–320 nm) on membrane systems and lipid peroxidation, and possible involvement of active oxygen radicals was investigated in leaves of two UV‐B susceptible rice cultivars ( Oryza sativa L. cvs IR74 and Dular). Rice seedlings were grown in a greenhouse for 10 days and then treated with biologically effective UV‐B (UV‐B BE ) radiation for 28 days. Oxidative stress effects were evaluated by measuring superoxide anion (O 2 ) generation rate, hydrogen peroxide (H 2 O 2 ) content, malondialdehyde (MDA) concentration and relative electrolyte conductivity (EC) for IR74 and Dular at 0 (control), 6 or 13 kJ m −2 day −1 UV‐B BE . Significant increases in these parameters were found in rice plants grown at 13 vs 0 kJ m −2 day −1 UV‐B BE after 28 days; indicating that disruption of membrane systems may be an eventual reason for UV‐B‐induced injury in rice plants. There was a positive correlation between O 2 − generation and increases in EC or MDA in leaves. Activities of enzymatic and nonenzymatic free radical scavengers were measured for IR74 after 7, 14, 21 and 28 days of exposure to 13 or 0 UV‐B BE to evaluate dynamics of these responses over time. Activities of catalase and superoxide dismutase (but not ascorbate peroxidase) and concentrations of ascorbic acid and glutathione were enhanced by 13 vs 0 UV‐B BE after 14 days of UV‐B exposure. Further exposure to 28 days of UV‐B was associated with a decline in enzyme activities and ascorbic acid, but not glutathione. It is suggested that UV‐B‐induced injury may be associated with disturbance of active oxygen metabolism through the destruction and alteration of both enzymatic and nonenzymatic defense systems in rice.
ACTIONS OF <scp>l</scp>‐ AND <scp>d</scp>‐HOMOCYSTEATE IN RAT CNS: A CORRELATION BETWEEN LOW‐AFFINITY UPTAKE AND THE TIME COURSES OF EXCITATION BY MICROELECTROPHORETICALLY APPLIED L‐GLUTAMATE ANALOGUES (1977)

Abstract— A correlation has been attempted between the uptake characteristics of l ‐ and d ‐homocysteate and the time courses of neuronal excitation by these and other amino acids related to l ‐glutamate. The uptake of l ‐ and d ‐homocysteate and of l ‐[ 35 S]homocysteate was studied in individual slices of rat cerebral cortex at 37°C. Tissue: medium ratios attained over l0 min for the unlabelled enantiomers at 2.5 mM were 3.7 for l ‐homocysteate but only 0.8 for the d ‐isomer. The uptake of l ‐[ 35 S]homocysteate over the concentration range 0.09 μ m ‐2 m m can be attributed mainly to a low‐affinity transport process with K m approx 3 m m and V max 1.7 μmol/g/min, but a high‐affinity process of low V max may make a minor contribution at the lower concentrations within this range. In terms of dependence on energy metabolism and [Na + ], and on inhibition by p‐chloromercuriphenylsulphonate, ouabain and structural analogues of the amino acid, the main uptake system for L‐[ 35 S]homocysteate appears to be similar to that mediating low‐affinity uptake of l ‐glutamate and other acidic amino acids. d ‐Homocysteate was but a weak inhibitor of this uptake system compared with other structural analogues. The time courses of excitation by 6 amino acids were determined by microelectrophoretic application to rat spinal neurones. d ‐Homocysteate induced responses with recovery times considerably longer than those of the other amino acids; this correlates with the absence of rapid uptake systems demonstrated for this amino acid in cortical tissue. d ‐Glutamate and l ‐homocysteate, which are only accumulated by low‐affinity transport mechanisms, induced responses with recovery periods similar to those of l ‐glutamate, l ‐aspartate and d ‐aspartate, which are accumulated by both high‐ and low‐affinity uptake systems. Although contributions of other factors to the observed time courses, such as rates of association and dissociation of the amino acid‐receptor complexes, cannot be excluded, the present results are consistent with the hypothesis that low‐affinity uptake systems of high V max play an important role in the rapid termination of the effects of amino acid excitants.
Structural and photoluminescence properties of silicon nanowires extracted by means of a centrifugation process from plasma torch synthesized silicon nanopowder (2017)

We report on a method for the extraction of silicon nanowires (SiNWs) from the by-product of a plasma torch based spheroidization process of silicon. This by-product is a nanopowder which consists of a mixture of SiNWs and silicon particles. By optimizing a centrifugation based process, we were able to extract substantial amounts of highly pure Si nanomaterials (mainly SiNWs and Si nanospheres (SiNSs)). While the purified SiNWs were found to have typical outer diameters in the 10-15 nm range and lengths of up to several μm, the SiNSs have external diameters in the 10-100 nm range. Interestingly, the SiNWs are found to have a thinner Si core (2-5 nm diam.) and an outer silicon oxide shell (with a typical thickness of ∼5-10 nm). High resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM) observations revealed that many SiNWs have a continuous cylindrical core, whereas others feature a discontinuous core consisting of a chain of Si nanocrystals forming a sort of 'chaplet-like' structures. These plasma-torch-produced SiNWs are highly pure with no trace of any metal catalyst, suggesting that they mostly form through SiO-catalyzed growth scheme rather than from metal-catalyzed path. The extracted Si nanostructures are shown to exhibit a strong photoluminescence (PL) which is found to blue-shift from 950 to 680 nm as the core size of the Si nanostructures decreases from ∼5 to ∼3 nm. This near IR-visible PL is shown to originate from quantum confinement (QC) in Si nanostructures. Consistently, the sizes of the Si nanocrystals directly determined from HRTEM images corroborate well with those expected by QC theory.
Chemical microsensors and microinstrumentation (1984)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTChemical Microsensors and MicroinstrumentationHank WohltjenCite this: Anal. Chem. 1984, 56, 1, 87A–103APublication Date (Print):January 1, 1984Publication History Published online14 December 2011Published inissue 1 January 1984https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ac00265a780https://doi.org/10.1021/ac00265a780research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views124Altmetric-Citations57LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Structural Characterization of Bovine Collectin‐43 (1997)

Bovine collectin-43 (CL-43), the most recently disclosed member of the collectin group, has been characterized structurally at the protein level by a combination of mass spectrometry and protein sequencing. The molecular mass of reduced CL-43 was determined by the use of mass spectrometry to be 33.6 +/- 0.1 kDa. Furthermore, the mass spectrum showed the presence of a truncated version of the polypeptide, which has also previously been shown by SDS/PAGE and N-terminal sequencing. N-terminal Edman degradation of peptides from a tryptic digestion of native CL-43 verified the published sequence derived from cDNA studies and partial protein sequencing [Lim, B.-L., Willis, A. C., Reid, K. B. M., Lu, J., Lauersen, S. B., Jensenius, J. C. & Holmskov, U. (1994) J. Biol. Chem. 269, 11820-11824] with two exceptions. Using mass spectrometry and N-terminal sequencing, a large number of post-translational modifications were found in the collagen-like region (repetitive Gly-Xaa-Yaa sequence). All proline residues located in the Yaa-position in the collagen-like region were found to be partially hydroxylated while all lysine residues in the Yaa position were fully hydroxylated and glycosylated. The glycosylation was determined as glycosyl-galactosyl O-linked to a hydroxylated lysine residue. Mass spectrometric analysis of a peptic digest of the N-terminal tryptic peptide revealed that the three polypeptide chains were disulphide linked in a rather surprising pattern. The cysteine residues were inter-chain disulphide linked by Cys15 in polypeptide chain 1 to Cys15 in polypeptide chain 2, Cys20 in chain 2 to Cys20 in chain 3 and Cys20 in chain 1 to Cys15 in chain 3. The four cysteine residues at the C terminus were intra-chain disulphide linked, Cys204 to Cys299 and Cys277 to Cys291, as expected for a C-type lectin.
MOF Crystal Chemistry Paving the Way to Gas Storage Needs: Aluminum-Based <b>soc</b>-MOF for CH<sub>4</sub>, O<sub>2</sub>, and CO<sub>2</sub> Storage (2015)

The molecular building block approach was employed effectively to construct a series of novel isoreticular, highly porous and stable, aluminum-based metal-organic frameworks with soc topology. From this platform, three compounds were experimentally isolated and fully characterized: namely, the parent Al-soc-MOF-1 and its naphthalene and anthracene analogues. Al-soc-MOF-1 exhibits outstanding gravimetric methane uptake (total and working capacity). It is shown experimentally, for the first time, that the Al-soc-MOF platform can address the challenging Department of Energy dual target of 0.5 g/g (gravimetric) and 264 cm(3) (STP)/cm(3) (volumetric) methane storage. Furthermore, Al-soc-MOF exhibited the highest total gravimetric and volumetric uptake for carbon dioxide and the utmost total and deliverable uptake for oxygen at relatively high pressures among all microporous MOFs. In order to correlate the MOF pore structure and functionality to the gas storage properties, to better understand the structure-property relationship, we performed a molecular simulation study and evaluated the methane storage performance of the Al-soc-MOF platform using diverse organic linkers. It was found that shortening the parent Al-soc-MOF-1 linker resulted in a noticeable enhancement in the working volumetric capacity at specific temperatures and pressures with amply conserved gravimetric uptake/working capacity. In contrast, further expansion of the organic linker (branches and/or core) led to isostructural Al-soc-MOFs with enhanced gravimetric uptake but noticeably lower volumetric capacity. The collective experimental and simulation studies indicated that the parent Al-soc-MOF-1 exhibits the best compromise between the volumetric and gravimetric total and working uptakes under a wide range of pressure and temperature conditions.
Effectiveness of Reverse Transcription-PCR, Virus Isolation, and Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay for Diagnosis of Influenza A Virus Infection in Different Age Groups (2002)

ABSTRACT The degrees of effectiveness of reverse transcription (RT)-PCR, virus isolation, and antigen enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for the detection of influenza A virus were evaluated with nasopharyngeal swabs from 150 patients (1 week to 86 years old) with influenza A virus infection. RT-PCR had a sensitivity for influenza A virus in stock virus preparations 10 3 times higher than virus isolation and 10 6 to 10 7 times higher than ELISA. The detection rate achieved by RT-PCR in clinical samples was clearly higher (93%) than that by virus isolation (80%) and ELISA (62%). Despite low overall detection rates achieved by antigen ELISA, samples from patients younger than 5 years old yielded higher-than-average rates in this rapid assay (88%). The likelihood of negative results in the ELISA increased significantly with increasing age of the patient ( P < 0.01). The degrees of effectiveness of RT-PCR and virus isolation were not influenced by the age of the patient. Neither influenza immunizations nor the interval between onset of symptoms and laboratory investigation (mean, 4.7 days; standard deviation, 3.3 days) affected results obtained by the three test systems. Our results demonstrate that the ELISA is reliable for rapid laboratory diagnosis of influenza in infants and young children, but for older patients application of RT-PCR or virus isolation is necessary to avoid false negative results.
Conductive layer for charge dissipation during electron-beam exposures (2012)

Electron beam resists develop a surface potential during exposure, which can lead to image placement errors of up to several nanometers [1] and result in poor CD uniformity and image quality. To address this problem, we have synthesized a conductive polymer that can be coated onto a resist. Our conductive discharge layer (CDL) is water-soluble and is easily removed during subsequent processing steps. Having established that our material has a low enough resistance for full charge dissipation, we have carried out extensive tests to evaluate the impact of the layer on lithographic performance. We will report these findings, which include measurements of the effect of the CDL on the resolution, roughness, and speed of the resist.
Design of dihydrofolate reductase inhibitors from X-ray crystal structures. (1986)

Dihydrofolate reductase (DHFR) is an important therapeutic target for treatment of cancer and microbial disease. Its species specificity has resulted in the sequencing of a number of vertebrate and bacterial DHFRs, and the three-dimensional structure of isozymes from Escherichia coli, Lactobacillus casei, and chicken liver has been elucidated, in the presence of the coenzyme NADPH and of a number of inhibitors. This information has enabled scientists to try to design improved and more selective inhibitors, based on the known coordinates of the enzyme features. Simple use of computer graphics or wire models has resulted in the design of inhibitors with 50 times the activity of trimethoprim, an antibacterial DHFR inhibitor, by making use of an unused ionic binding site. However, in a number of instances this approach was completely unsuccessful because hydrophobic sites of interaction were preferred. More sophisticated techniques involve energy minimization of the small molecule-macromolecule interactions to optimize the geometry. In this paper I describe the use of a molecular mechanics program, AMBER, for predicting the geometry and relative energetics of binding. Very encouraging results have been obtained for a closely related series of compounds. Where differing entropic and solvent effects are involved, predictions may be poor. The use of super computers and molecular dynamics methods should increase this capability in the near future.
Sequence specific interstrand photocrosslinking for effective SNP typing (2007)

We describe a simple and inexpensive SNP typing method by using sequence specific interstrand photocrosslinking via p-carbamoylvinyl phenol nucleosides. Interstrand photocrosslinking showed a high degree of single nucleotide specificity as high as 10(3)-fold and more, and can be used in the diagnostic detection of DNA sequences.
Cognitive Radio enabling opportunistic spectrum access in LTE-Advanced femtocells (2012)

The Cognitive Radio (CR) paradigm provides mechanisms and methodologies for an utmost and efficient use of scarce spectrum resources. Among its implementations, Opportunistic Spectrum Access (OSA) enables the use of otherwise-unutilized licensed spectrum provided no interference is caused to the licensee. This paper focuses on the application of this concept for indoor femtocell deployments where, in addition to own licensed spectrum resources, opportunistic spectrum resources can be aggregated. Provided certain interference among femtocells, coordination mechanisms are required. In this framework, this paper studies the use of Media Independent Handover (MIH) signaling to report interference measurements that allow a central controller to make femtocells share white spaces. Moreover, whenever an excessive femto-to-femto interference would require coordination, the proposed opportunistic spectrum access scheme enhances spectrum efficiency and reduces interferences. Results indicate that the proposed opportunistic system significantly improves capacity without requiring additional intelligence in the femtocell.
Critical Issues and Optimized Practices in Quantification of Protein Abundance Level to Determine Interindividual Variability in DMET Proteins by LC‐MS/MS Proteomics (2017)

Protein quantification data on drug metabolizing enzymes and transporters (collectively referred as DMET proteins) in human tissues are useful in predicting interindividual variability in drug disposition. While targeted proteomics is an emerging technique for quantification of DMET proteins, the methodology involves significant technical challenges especially when multiple samples are analyzed in a single study over a long period of time. Therefore, it is important to thoroughly address the critical variables that could affect DMET protein quantification.
Encapsulating peritoneal sclerosis – an overview (2011)

Encapsulating peritoneal sclerosis (EPS) is a rare but life-threatening complication of peritoneal sclerosis (PD). In 2000, the International Society for Peritoneal Dialysis outlined diagnostic guidelines and a clinical definition of EPS. Over the intervening years, new evidence was published and several centers became more experienced managing patients with EPS. Although, further networking was initiated (European EPS Working Group), evidence regarding therapy and diagnosis of EPS is still lacking. Multicenter trials are needed to establish evidence regarding the management of EPS. Risk factors for EPS are identified and patients at risk should be monitored closely. In case of emerging signs of EPS, patients should be referred to an EPS-center before initiation of therapy. Morphology and immunohistochemistry will play a central role in the near future. Nowadays, most pathologists are not sophisticated in the pathology of peritoneal biopsies. Clear histological criteria are warranted. For the outcome of the patient, it is crucial that an EPS experienced surgeon conducts surgery.
High performance <i>n</i>-type bismuth telluride with highly stable thermoelectric figure of merit (2004)

The n-type Bi2(Te0.94Se0.06)3 ingots doped with and without 0.010 wt. % CuBr in addition to the codoping of 0.102 wt. % I and 0.026 wt. % Te were grown by the Bridgman method at a rate of 6 cm/h. The thermoelectric properties of these specimens were measured before and after annealing, where annealing was done in the temperature range from 473 up to 673 K for 2–5 h in a vacuum and a hydrogen stream. When the n-type specimens doped without and with CuBr were annealed for 2 h at 473 K in a hydrogen stream and at 573 K in a vacuum, respectively, the thermoelectric figure of merits ZT at 298 K for CuBr nondoped and doped specimens were enhanced by 37% and 20% and reached great values of 1.04 and 0.91, respectively. The thermal stability of the ZT of the former specimen was improved significantly by optimizing the total additional content of I and Te alone, so that the ZT changed little with temperature, at least in the temperature range from 298 to 433 K. In addition, this specimen also exhibited a remarkably high power factor of 6.57×10−3 W/mK2 at 298 K, which is the greatest among the bismuth tellurides reported previously.
Culture or faith? Origins of conflict in our society: A Catholic perspective (2009)

This is a revised text presented at the Fifth International Inter-Religious Abraham Conference, Sydney, August 2006, which took as its theme Interfaith Relations in Confronting Cultural Conflict.
나노기술을 이용한 알루미늄 합금 가공용 Low Mist형 청정절삭유 개발에 관한 연구 (2006)

This research is achieved for manufacturing friendly-environmental aluminium alloy metal working fluid which has low oil mist, low toxic and biodegradability. First of all, Synthesized main compound of water soluble metal working fluid is fatty acid alkanol amide and then evaluated several properties of matter which are bio-resistance, lubricity, anti forming property, surface tension, oral toxicity in order to confirm possibility of raw materials for water soluble metal working fluid. We minimized mist generation with colloid of fatty acid alkanol amide is used for main raw material of this metal working fluids makes use of high pressure homogenizer in designated condition and developed excellent water soluble metal working fluid which has low toxic, high lubricity, CNC cutting property and biodegradability comparison with existing products that evaluated bio-resistance, lubricity, CNC cutting property, anti forming, surface tension, Oral toxicity, amount of oil mist, bio-degradability. Synthesized of 76 kinds of Fatty acid alkanol amide with amide synthesis method, we found Caprylic Monoethanol amide and Capric acid Monoethanol amide have good bio resistance and metal working fluid ability, in our consideration both of raw materials have low toxicity, bic-resistance, over LD?? 2000㎎/㎏.