gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Cannabis and Cannabinoids: Pharmacology and Rationale for Clinical Use (1999)

It is now known that there are at least two types of cannabinoid receptors. These are CB1 receptors, present mainly on central and peripheral neurones, and CB2 receptors, present mainly on immune cells. Endogenous cannabinoid receptor agonists ('endocannabinoids') have also been identified. The discovery of this 'endogenous cannabinoid system' has led to the development of selective CB1 and CB2 receptor ligands and fueled renewed interest in the clinical potential of cannabinoids. Two cannabinoid CB1 receptor agonists are already used clinically, as antiemetics or as appetite stimulants. These are D 9 - tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) and nabilone. Other possible uses for CB1 receptor agonists include the suppression of muscle spasm/spasticity associated with multiple sclerosis or spinal cord injury, the relief of chronic pain and the management of glaucoma and bronchial asthma. CB1 receptor antagonists may also have clinical applications, e. g. as appetite suppressants and in the management of schizophrenia or disorders of cognition and memory. So too may CB2 receptor ligands and drugs that activate cannabinoid receptors indirectly by augmenting endocannabinoid levels at cannabinoid receptors. When taken orally, THC seems to undergo variable absorption and to have a narrow 'therapeutic window' (dose range in which it is effective without producing significant unwanted effects). This makes it difficult to predict an oral dose that will be both effective and tolerable to a patient and indicates a need for better cannabinoid formulations and modes of administration. For the therapeutic potential of cannabis or CB1 receptor agonists to be fully exploited, it will be important to establish objectively and conclusively (a) whether these agents have efficacy against selected symptoms that is of clinical significance and, if so, whether the benefits outweigh the risks, (b) whether cannabis has therapeutic advantages over individual cannabinoids, (c) whether there is a need for additional drug treatments to manage any of the disorders against which cannabinoids are effective, and (d) whether it will be possible to develop drugs that have reduced psychotropic activity and yet retain the ability to act through CB1 receptors to produce their sought-after effects.
Overlapping motion hints with polynomial motion for video communication (2014)

In a recent work, we propose the use of motion hints for communicating motion. A motion hint describes motion that is accurate (describes the actual motion) for only a region inside a domain associated with that motion hint; it is the job of the client or decoder to decide the exact region of applicability (ROA). The motion described by a motion hint is invertible and global; that is, it allows the prediction of the ROA associated with a motion hint from any frame that has that hint. Motion hints are applicable to closed-loop prediction, but they are more useful in open-loop prediction scenarios, such as remote browsing of surveillance footage, communicated by a JPIP server, which is the focus of this work. This work proposes a probabilistic multi-scale framework to identifying the ROA; the framework is applicable to multiple overlapping motion hints. The proposed approach is localized (and therefore amenable to parallel processing) and robust to noise, quantization, and changes in contrast. We show that motion hints can be used for real video sequences, and we also present results for the case of three overlapping motion hints (one background and two overlapping foregrounds).
Transient Induced Molecular Electronic Spectroscopy (TIMES) for study of protein-ligand interactions (2016)

We present a method, Transient Induced Molecular Electronic Spectroscopy (TIMES), to detect protein-ligand interactions without any protein engineering or chemical modification. We developed a physics model for the TIMES signal and mathematically formulated the problem to attain physical insight of protein-ligand interactions without any disturbances by molecular probes, fluorescent labels, or immobilization of molecules. To demonstrate the functionality of this method, we have used the TIMES signals to find the dissociation constants for the affinity of reactions, the shear-stress dependent adsorption time of molecules on surface, and other interesting features of protein-ligand interaction in native conditions. As a unique tool, TIMES offers a simple and effective method to investigate fundamental protein chemistry and drug discoveries.
A Cryogenic Waveguide Mount for Microstrip Circuit and Material Characterization (2016)

A waveguide split-block fixture used in the characterization of thin-film superconducting planar circuitry at millimeter wavelengths is described in detail. The test fixture is realized from a pair of mode converters, which transition from rectangular-waveguide to on-chip microstrip-line signal propagation via a stepped ridge-guide impedance transformer. The observed performance of the W-band package at 4.2 K has a maximum in-band transmission ripple of 2 dB between 1.53 and 1.89 times the waveguide cutoff frequency. This metrology approach enables the characterization of superconducting microstrip test structures as a function of temperature and frequency. The limitations of the method are discussed and representative data for superconducting Nb and NbTiN thin-film microstrip resonators on single-crystal Si dielectric substrates are presented.
Combined Multistatic Adaptive Pulse Compression and Adaptive Beamforming for Shared-Spectrum Radar (2007)

The recently proposed Multistatic Adaptive Pulse Compression (MAPC) algorithm has been shown to successfully suppress both range sidelobes and interference from multiple radars operating in the same spectrum, thus enabling shared-spectrum multistatic radar. In this paper, we present a method to increase the overall information capacity of the MAPC algorithm by performing joint adaptive pulse compression in conjunction with adaptive beamforming. The addition of an adaptive beamforming stage to the MAPC algorithm enables further mutual interference suppression and thus better estimation performance such that the number of multistatic radars simultaneously operating in the same spectrum may be increased for the same mean-square estimation error. Analysis of the performance of the adaptive beamforming MAPC algorithm in a variety of scenarios is presented. In addition, Monte Carlo analyses on the number of shared-spectrum radars are also presented
IEEE 802.11s: WLAN mesh standardization and high performance extensions (2008)

In recent years, remarkable market competition and economy of scale has resulted in the price erosion of wireless devices for consumer electronics. Especially for wireless data networks, IEEE project 802 provides the standards for mass markets. With ever-growing usage, the demand for ubiquitous wireless networks increases. However, the achievable data rates decrease with the increasing distance of client devices from the infrastructure, and a sufficiently dense deployment of infrastructure devices is required to fulfill the customers' demand for broadband access. Today, these infrastructure devices rely on a wired backbone for background services; however, to reduce their costly deployment, they should interconnect wirelessly. In this case, devices mutually serve as wireless relays that forward and route packets over multiple wireless hops, and wireless mesh networks come into existence. In this article we provide an overview of wireless mesh networking and provide insights into the related standardization efforts in IEEE 802. For a more in-depth analysis, we focus on the draft WLAN mesh standard IEEE 802.11s and identify challenges for medium access control in multihop communication. Derived from our proposal to 802.1 Is, the current draft incorporates an optional medium access scheme that circumvents a performance gap. By means of simulations, we compare the performance of both solutions and provide an outlook for future 802 wireless systems that will be more reliable.
Removal of artificial resonances for divide and conquer analysis using boundary element method (2016)

This paper presents a mechanism to remove artificial plane resonances using matched termination when analyzing signal channels in a multilayered PCB using a mix of 3D and hybrid boundary element based methodology to model the via transitions and routing areas, respectively.
Distributed scheduler design for multiuser detection enabled wireless mobile ad-hoc networks (2010)

There is a need for military and commercial wireless radio networks that can operate in dynamic environments while supporting high spectral efficiency with throughput guarantees and low latency. This is particularly challenging in wireless mobile ad-hoc networks (MANET). Multiuser detection (MUD) technology promises to address these needs. But most research in MUD technology to date has focused on the physical layer (PHY) challenges with little attention being paid to design of efficient MUD scheduler in medium access control layer (MAC). Our research described in this paper presents a distributed scheduler that addresses many challenging issues associated with a wireless MANET such as dynamic allocation of resources, handling of hidden and exposed nodes, QoS, and scalability. In particular, our research shows that the exposed node problem in MUD enabled radio systems is different from that in conventional interference avoidance systems. We provide guidelines to resolve this problem. Some simulation results are presented. The scheduler design is used in the DARPA Interference Multiple Access (DEVIA) communications program.
D-ToSS: A Distributed Throwaway Spatial Index Structure for Dynamic Location Data (2016)

Many applications deal with moving object datasets, e.g., mobile phone social networking, scientific simulations, and ride-sharing services. These applications need to handle a tremendous number of spatial objects that continuously move and execute spatial queries to explore their surroundings. To manage such update-heavy workloads, several throwaway index structures have recently been proposed, where a static index is rebuilt periodically from scratch rather than updated incrementally. It has been shown that throwaway indices outperform specialized moving-object indices that maintain location updates incrementally. However, throwaway indices suffer from scalability due to their single-server design and the only distributed throwaway index (D-MOVIES), extension of a centralized approach, does not scale out as the number of servers increases, especially during query processing phase.
Structural characteristics of pendant and copolymeric cyclodextrin polysiloxane stationary phases and their influence on chiral selectivity and resolution in capillary gas chromatography (1995)

Abstract The dependence of gas chromatographic properties on stationary phase structural characteristics was evaluated for three different types of cyclodextrin‐bonded polysiloxanes: small‐rim‐tethered, large‐rim‐tethered, and copolymeric. Separation efficiency, chiral selectivity, and resolution were investigated as functions of stationary phase structural features such as length and chemical composition of the connecting arms, chemical composition of the substituent groups on the small rim of the cyclodextrin toroid, and the position(s) of connecting arm attachment(s) on the cyclodextrin rims. For all of the solutes and experimental conditions used in this study, the small‐rim‐tethered cyclodextrin phases were found to provide superior chromatographic performances compared to the other two types of cyclodextrin phases. The chiral selectivities of the investigated phases were found to depend both on chemical composition and length of the connecting arm(s). Shorter connecting arms were found to provide improved chiral selectivities. Stationary phases having a four‐carbon connecting arm with an etheric oxygen linkage in the chain provided higher chiral selectivities compared to stationary phases with hydrocarbon or phenoxy group‐containing connecting arm(s). The chiral selectivities of the studied phases did not change when the substituents at the C‐6 positions were changed from ‐CH 2 OCH 2 to ‐CH 3 . Efficiency values of up to 5,000 theoretical plates per meter were obtained using 200 μm i.d. columns. Column efficiency was found to be independent of structural features of the cyclodextrin toroid and the connecting arms.
An Accurate Land-Vehicle MEMS IMU/GPS Navigation System Using 3D Auxiliary Velocity Updates (2007)

ABSTRACT: In the last decade, the Land-Vehicle Navigation (LVN) market has grown rapidly. For most LVN systems, GPS is used for positioning. However, GPS has poor accuracy in urban areas due to signal blockages. Therefore, the LVN market has targeted the integration of other sensors with GPS. In this case, sensors' cost and size are major issues. Recent advances in MEMS inertial sensors made it possible to develop low-cost and compact IMUs. However, MEMS provide poor accuracy when used without updates (e.g., during GPS outages). In such periods, other updates are required for better performance. Vehicle full-stops, i.e., Zero-Velocity-Updates (ZUPTs), are usually applied for this purpose. However, this is not practical especially when GPS blockages are frequent. In this paper, 3D Auxiliary Velocity Updates (AVUs) are used, namely, non-holonomic constraints and odometer-derived velocity. Using kinematic MEMS/GPS data with several GPS signal blockages, the results showed a significant accuracy improvement after applying AVUs.
Functionalization of the active chain ends of poly(vinyl chloride) obtained by single‐electron‐transfer/degenerative‐chain‐transfer mediated living radical polymerization: Synthesis of telechelic α,ω‐di(hydroxy)poly(vinyl chloride) (2005)

Abstract The chloroiodomethyl chain ends of poly(vinyl chloride) (PVC) obtained by the single‐electron‐transfer/degenerative‐chain‐transfer mediated living radical polymerization of vinyl chloride initiated with iodoform were quantitatively functionalized by the reaction with 2‐allyloxyethanol (CH 2 CHCH 2 OCH 2 CH 2 OH). This reaction was performed in dimethyl sulfoxide at 70 °C and was catalyzed by sodium dithionite/sodium bicarbonate. The resulting product is the first example of telechelic PVC [α,ω‐di(hydroxy)PVC]. A possible mechanism for this reaction was suggested. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 43: 1255–1260, 2005
Observation of large low field magnetoresistance in ramp-edge tunneling junctions based on doped manganite ferromagnetic electrodes and a SrTiO{sub 3} insulator (1998)

The authors report the fabrication of ferromagnet-insulator-ferromagnet junction devices using a ramp-edge geometry based on (La{sub 0.7}Sr{sub 0.3})MnO{sub 3} ferromagnetic electrodes and a SrTiO{sub 3} insulator. The multilayer thin films were deposited using pulsed laser deposition and the devices were patterned using photolithography and ion milling. As expected from the spin-dependent tunneling, the junction magnetoresistance depends on the relative orientation of the magnetization in the electrodes. The maximum junction magnetoresistance (JMR) of 30% is observed below 300 Oe at low temperatures (T < 100 K).
Fetal protection following exposure to calves persistently infected with bovine viral diarrhea virus type 2 sixteen months after primary vaccination of the dams. (2006)

This study demonstrated that the bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV; types 1 and 2) fractions of a multivalent vaccine protected pregnant heifers and their fetuses at 149 to 217 days of gestation against exposure to calves persistently infected with BVDV type 2a. Eighty percent (eight of 10) of the control heifers were viremic at least 1 day following challenge, whereas all (20 of 20) BVDV-vaccinated heifers were virus isolation-negative on all postchallenge assessment days. Ninety percent (nine of 10) of the calves born to control heifers but only 5% (one of 20) of calves born to BVDV-vaccinated heifers seroconverted to BVDV type 2 before ingesting colostrum. One calf born to a control heifer was persistently infected. No calves from BVDV-vaccinated heifers were persistently infected.
Caprine pregnancy-associated glycoproteins (PAG): Their cloning, expression, and evolutionary relationship to other PAG (2000)

Pregnancy-associated glycoproteins (PAG) are structurally related to aspartic proteinases and belong to an extensive, rapidly evolving family of recently duplicated genes expressed in the placentas of artiodactyl species. The aim of the present study was to clone PAG from the goat, study their temporal and cell-specific expression, and determine their phylogenetic relationship to PAG from other species. RT-PCR was used to generate PAG cDNA from pooled placental RNA obtained between days 45 and 115 of pregnancy. A total of 11 cDNA, which differed by > 5% from each other, were selected for complete bidirectional sequencing from 60 clones analyzed. A group of nine (caPAG1, caPAG3-7(var), caPAG9-11), which displayed > 80% sequence identity with each other, were expressed after day 45 of pregnancy and were localized to trophoblast binucleate cells. These PAG demonstrated an unusually high ratio of nonsynonymous (amino acid changing) to synonymous nucleotide differences. CaPAG2, by contrast, was detectable only in early pregnancy (days 18 and 19) and expressed throughout trophectoderm. It was of more ancient origin than the PAG1 group, but more recent than caPAG8. The latter was expressed at all stages examined (days 18 to 115). The data confirm that many PAG genes, with different patterns of temporal and spatial expression, are transcribed in the placenta of the goat. The data also suggest that the recently duplicated PAG genes are being selected for rapid diversification of function.
Abstract B222: Dicer substrate siRNAs to MYC, B-catenin, and other target genes effectively induce in vivo target gene knockdown and tumor inhibition. (2013)

Abstract Although there are now multiple successful examples of targeted therapeutics in cancer, many key protein targets have remained largely ‘undruggable’, including transcription factors such as B-catenin (CTNNB1) and MYC. B-catenin mediates Wnt signaling, which is overactive in many cancers including hepatocarcinoma (HCC). RNAi offers a way to reach such undruggable targets by inhibiting their expression at the mRNA level. Dicer substrate siRNAs (“DsiRNAs”) can be particularly effective for gene silencing. DsiRNAs are longer than conventional siRNAs, and therefore are substrates for processing by Dicer, after which the product RNA duplexes are incorporated into RISC, leading to target mRNA knockdown. We have used DsiRNAs to target B-catenin, MYC, and other key genes in HCC and other cancers. Through large-scale DsiRNA screening, we have identified a series of high potency DsiRNAs with picomolar to sub-picomolar IC50 values for mRNA knockdown. Lead DsiRNAs fully tolerated extensive 2’-OMe modification, retaining high potency, and lacked detectable immunostimulatory activity. To test the effect of target gene knockdown on tumor growth in vivo, we used a lipid nanoparticle (LNP) delivery system. LNP/DsiRNA particles effectively delivered to tumors in mouse tumor models, leading to rapid knockdown of target gene mRNA and protein. Knockdown of B-catenin, MYC, and other target genes strongly inhibited tumor growth. B-catenin knockdown also strongly reduced expression of the B-catenin-regulated genes Axin2 and MYC, a potential mechanism for tumor inhibition. In summary, we have developed high potency DsiRNAs to cancer target genes, and effectively delivered these DsiRNAs to tumors in vivo, resulting in inhibition of target gene expression and inhibition of tumor growth. DsiRNA therapeutics show promise as novel agents for reaching traditionally undruggable target genes. Citation Information: Mol Cancer Ther 2013;12(11 Suppl):B222. Citation Format: Hank Dudek, Kathleen Wortham, Rokhand Arvan, Anee Shah, Bo Ying, Wendy Cyr, Hailin Yang, Wei Zhou, Utsav Saxena, Yi Zhou, Rohan Diwanji, Ben Holmes, Ruchir Farkiwala, Aalok Shah, Bob Brown. Dicer substrate siRNAs to MYC, B-catenin, and other target genes effectively induce in vivo target gene knockdown and tumor inhibition. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR-NCI-EORTC International Conference: Molecular Targets and Cancer Therapeutics; 2013 Oct 19-23; Boston, MA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Mol Cancer Ther 2013;12(11 Suppl):Abstract nr B222.
A Feasibility Study of Bihormonal Closed-Loop Blood Glucose Control Using Dual Subcutaneous Infusion of Insulin and Glucagon in Ambulatory Diabetic Swine (2009)

We demonstrate the feasibility of bihormonal closed-loop BG regulation using a control system that employs SC infusion of insulin and glucagon as governed by an algorithm that reacts only to BG without any feed-forward information regarding carbohydrate consumption or physical activity. As such, this study can reasonably be regarded as the first practical implementation of an artificial endocrine pancreas that has a hormonally derived counterregulatory capability.
An Accurate Fractional Period Delay Generation System (2012)

An all-digital technique is proposed for generating an accurate delay irrespective of the inaccuracies of a controllable delay line. A subsampling technique-based delay measurement unit (DMU) capable of measuring delays accurately for the full period range is used as the feedback element to build accurate fractional period delays based on input digital control bits. The proposed delay generation system periodically measures and corrects the error and maintains it at the minimum value without requiring any special calibration phase. Up to 40 improvement in accuracy is demonstrated for a commercial programmable delay generator chip. The time-precision trade-off feature of the DMU is utilized to reduce the locking time. Loop dynamics are adjusted to stabilize the delay after the minimum error is achieved, thus avoiding additional jitter. Measurement results from a high-end oscilloscope also validate the effectiveness of the proposed system in improving accuracy.
Non-Planar Gyros And Magnetic Biases (1984)

A summary is given of the uses and calculation of modes and phase shifts in a non-planar ring laser cavity. The multioscillator ring gyro configuration is used as an example of an application of non-planar cavities. A discussion follows on how the possible bias magnetic sensitivity due to a slightly out-of-plane path in a nominally planar gyro may be dramatically reduced by proper control of mirror birefringences and differential reflectivities.
Polarimetric glucose sensing in an artificial eye anterior chamber (2012)

The application of optical polarimetry to glucose sensing in the anterior chamber of the eye has emerged as a potential technique to noninvasively ascertain blood glucose levels. One of the major limiting factors preventing the realization of such a device is the time varying corneal birefringence due to motion artifact in the eye. The varying birefringence confounds the optical activity of glucose, and thus, needs to be taken into account in order to successfully predict the glucose concentration in the aqueous humor of the eye. Our group has developed a multi-spectral optical polarimetric approach which can minimize the effect of corneal birefringence coupled with motion artifact by treating it as common mode noise to multiple wavelengths. Here, we present the application of a real-time closed-loop dual wavelength polarimeter to ex vivo glucose sensing in excised New Zealand White rabbits' corneas mounted on an artificial anterior chamber. Our PID control system can reach stability in less than 100 ms which is fast enough to overcome motion artifact due to heart beat and respiration. The system can predict the glucose concentration with a standard error of less than 26 mg/dL in the physiologic glucose range of 0 - 500 mg/dL. Our results indicate that dualwavelength polarimetry has the potential to noninvasively probe glucose through the anterior chamber of the eye.