gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
On the accuracy of the global positioning system—A test using a hand-held receiver (1992)

Abstract This study aims to evaluate the accuracy of location (x, y and z) using a Magellan GPS NAV 1000 receiver. The position of a known reference point was compared with 50 fix points measured in two-dimensional (2D) mode (x, y) and with 50 fix points measured in three-dimensional (3D) mode (x, y and z). The mean errors and the root mean square errors (RMSE) in the Euclidian distances between the reference point and the measured fix points were 17·9 m and 20·0 m respectively for the 2D measurements, and 25·7 m and 34·8 m respectively for the 3D measurements. The mean error in elevation was 0·2 m and the corresponding RMSE was 39·1 m. The study indicates a significant difference in the total error (Euclidian distance) between points obtained with different signal qualities and different geometric qualities. The error in the Euclidian distance never exceeded 44·0 m using 2D mode, which suggests that the Magellan GPS NAV 1000 receiver should be a useful supportive tool for many remote sensing applications.
Signal Peptide Peptidase:  Biochemical Properties and Modulation by Nonsteroidal Antiinflammatory Drugs (2006)

Signal peptide peptidase (SPP) is an intramembrane aspartyl protease that cleaves remnant signal peptides after their release by signal peptidase. SPP contains active site motifs also found in presenilin, the catalytic component of the gamma-secretase complex of Alzheimer's disease. However, SPP has a membrane topology opposite that of presenilin, cleaves transmembrane substrates of opposite directionality, and does not require complexation with other proteins. Here we show that, upon isolation of membranes and solubilization with detergent, the biochemical characteristics of SPP are remarkably similar to gamma-secretase. The majority of the SPP-catalyzed cleavages occurred at a single site in a synthetic substrate based on the prolactin (Prl) signal sequence. However, as seen with cleavage of substrates by gamma-secretase, additional cuts at other minor sites are also observed. Like gamma-secretase, SPP is inhibited by helical peptidomimetics and apparently contains a substrate-binding site that is distinct from the active site. Surprisingly, certain nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs known to shift the site of proteolysis by gamma-secretase also alter the cleavage site of Prl by SPP. Together, these findings suggest that SPP and presenilin share certain biochemical properties, including a conserved drug-binding site for allosteric modulation of substrate proteolysis.
Influence of Injectable Hyaluronic Acid Hydrogel Degradation Behavior on Infarction-Induced Ventricular Remodeling (2011)

Increased myocardial wall stress after myocardial infarction (MI) initiates the process of adverse left ventricular (LV) remodeling that is manifest as progressive LV dilatation, loss of global contractile function, and symptomatic heart failure, and recent work has shown that reduction in wall stress through injectable bulking agents attenuates these outcomes. In this study, hyaluronic acid (HA) was functionalized to exhibit controlled and tunable mechanics and degradation once cross-linked, in an attempt to assess the temporal dependency of mechanical stabilization in LV remodeling. Specifically, two hydrolytically degrading (low and high HeMA-HA, degrading in ~3 and 10 weeks, respectively) and two stable (low and high MeHA, little mass loss even after 8 weeks) hydrogels with similar initial mechanics (low: ~7 kPa; high: ~35-40 kPa) were evaluated in an ovine model of MI. Generally, the more stable hydrogels maintained myocardial wall thickness in the apical and basilar regions more efficiently (low MeHA: apical: 6.5 mm, basilar: 7 mm, high MeHA: apical: 7.0 mm basilar: 7.2 mm) than the hydrolytically degrading hydrogels (low HeMA-HA: apical: 3.5 mm, basilar: 6.0 mm, high HeMA-HA: apical: 4.1 mm, basilar: 6.1 mm); however, all hydrogel groups were improved compared to infarct controls (IC) (apical: 2.2 mm, basilar: 4.6 mm). Histological analysis at 8 weeks demonstrated that although both degradable hydrogels resulted in increased inflammation, all treatments resulted in increased vessel formation compared to IC. Further evaluation revealed that while high HeMA-HA and high MeHA maintained reduced LV volumes at 2 weeks, high MeHA was more effective at 8 weeks, implying that longer wall stabilization is needed for volume maintenance. All hydrogel groups resulted in better cardiac output (CO) values than IC.
The effect of Plasmodium falciparum malaria on HIV-1 RNA blood plasma concentration (1999)

HIV-1 blood viral burden is higher in patients with P. falciparum malaria than in controls and this viral burden can, in some patients, be partly reduced with antimalarial therapy.
Evaluation of Extracranial Carotid Arteries in Ischemic Stroke Patients Using Color Doppler Sonography and Correlation with Various Risk Factors (2019)

Background: Cerebral ischemic stroke is the major cause of death after ischemic heart disease and malignancies, among which major cases of stroke results from atherosclerosis of intra and extra-cranial carotid vessels. The aim of this study is to evaluate the extracranial carotid arteries in patients with ischemic stroke and correlation with various risk factors. Materials and Methods: A cross sectional study of the patients with ischemic stroke presented in Radiology department of Nobel Medical College were evaluated for a period of one year from February 2017- January 2018 using color Doppler ultrasound and correlated with various risk factors. A total of 50 patients were included in the study. All age groups and sex were included. Results: Out of 50 patients, 29 patients (58%) were males and 21 patients (42%) were females. Stroke was present in 24 patients on right side and 26 patients on left side. A total of 36 patients had extra-cranial carotid stenosis. Among them, 18 patients had <50% stenosis, 17 patients had >50% stenosis and 1 patient had complete occlusion. The most common cause of obstruction was found to be atherosclerotic changes in the form of atheromatous plaque. Out of 50 patients 27 had history of hypertension and 19 had history of smoking. Out of 27 hypertensive patients, 23 had stenosis which is statistically significant (p value 0.024). Conclusion: The current study shows the importance of color Doppler ultrasound as an economic, safe and non-invasive method of demonstrating the cause of stroke in extra-cranial carotid artery system
Experimental demonstration of 112-Gbit/s PAM-4 over up to 80 km SSMF at 1550 nm for Inter-DCI applications (2016)

We experimentally demonstrate 112-Gbit/s PAM-4 over 80 km SSMF at 1550 nm. It is shown, that a channel shortening filter (CSF) matched to the memory of a subsequent MLSE significantly improves the performance while keeping complexity manageable.
Smoke Simulation Based on Particle System in Virtual Environments (2010)

The realistic rendering of smoke scene is one of the most challenging tasks in computer graphics. Smoke simulation based on particle system is studied in this paper. In the real-time animation simulation of smoke model, we consider the impact of the wind on smoke particles. Different dense smokes are simulated by controlling the amounts of smoke particle. The realistic rendering of smoke scene is implemented by combining with texture mapping technology. Related methods about smoke simulation are designed. Experiment results show that proposed method is feasible and effective. The model is simple and can meet real-time requirements. It can be easily integrated into virtual scene.
Keywords (and their Variants) (2006)

A summary is not available for this content so a preview has been provided. Please use the Get access link above for information on how to access this content.
Synthesis and Crystal Structure Characterization of Silicate Apatite Sr <sub>2</sub> Y <sub>8</sub> (SiO <sub>4</sub> ) <sub>6</sub> O <sub>2</sub> (2010)

Pure Sr 2 Y 8 (SiO 4 ) 6 O 2 powders were obtained after a solid‐state reaction at 1400 °C for 6 h using the nanosized Y 2 O 3 , commercial SrCO 3 , and silica gel. The nanosized Y 2 O 3 powder was synthesized by a precipitation method using Y(NO 3 ) 3 and NH 4 HCO 3 , followed by a heat treatment. The crystal structure of Sr 2 Y 8 (SiO 4 ) 6 O 2 was characterized by powder X‐ray diffraction, Rietveld refinement, and high‐resolution transmission electron microscopy. Results show that Sr 2 Y 8 (SiO 4 ) 6 O 2 has a typical apatite‐type structure A I 4 A II 6 (BO 4 ) 6 X 2 in the P 6 3 / m space group. The lattice parameters are a =9.3884(6) Å and c =6.8657(4) Å. There are two special sites, A I (4f) and A II (6h), in the apatite structure. The A II sites are fully occupied by Y, while the A I sites are randomly filled by Y and Sr atoms. The crystallographic data obtained from Sr 2 Y 8 (SiO 4 ) 6 O 2 and other silicate oxyapatites are compared and summarized.
Localized expression of amphiphysin Ir, a retina‐specific variant of amphiphysin I, in the ribbon synapse and its functional implication (2004)

In the vertebrate retina, presynaptic terminals of photoreceptors and bipolar cells form ribbon synapses and release neurotransmitter continuously. Endocytic machinery in the ribbon synapse is likely to differ from that in conventional synapses because of the much higher rate of synaptic vesicle recycling. However, protein components of the ribbon synapse identified so far are quite similar to those of the conventional synapses. Recently we identified amphiphysin I splice variants, termed amphiphysin Ir, that are transcribed specifically in retina from the authentic amphiphysin I gene [Y. Terada et al. (2002) FEBS Lett., 519, 185-190]. Amphiphysin I is a nerve terminal-enriched protein, and involved in synaptic vesicle endocytosis as heterodimer with amphiphysin II, an isoform of amphiphysin I. We report here that the retina-specific amphiphysin Ir is expressed exclusively in the ribbon synapse and not in conventional synapses. This is the first endocytosis-related, ribbon synapse-specific protein identified in the retina. By immunoprecipitation and double-immunolabelling, amphiphysin Ir was shown to be associated not only with amphiphysin II, but also with dynamin, clathrin and alpha-adaptin that are involved in synaptic vesicle recycling. The results suggest that endocytosis of the synaptic vesicle membrane in retinal ribbon synapses proceeds through a pathway similar to the one that is used in conventional synapses, although amphiphysin Ir is substituted for amphiphysin I. Amphiphysin Ir may play an essential role in the avid endocytic activity of ribbon synapses by associating with yet unknown protein partner(s) through its large insertional domain, which is absent from the conventional amphiphysin I.
Applications of Raman lasers and amplifiers in fiber communication systems (1998)

The development of practical high power fiber lasers has created a resurgence of interest in Raman amplifiers for telecommunications systems. In this paper, we review the applications of cladding-pumped fiber lasers and cascaded Raman lasers to distributed and discrete, analog and digital Raman amplifiers at both 1.3 and 1.5 micrometers and to remotely pumped amplifiers in repeaterless communication systems.
Tracking User Application Activity by using Machine Learning Techniques on Network Traffic (2019)

A network eavesdropper may invade the privacy of an online user by collecting the passing traffic and classifying the applications that generated the network traffic. This collection may be used to build fingerprints of the user's Internet usage. In this paper, we investigate the feasibility of performing such breach on encrypted network traffic generated by actual users. We adopt the random forest algorithm to classify the applications in use by users of a campus network. Our classification system identifies and quantifies different statistical features of user's network traffic to classify applications rather than looking into packet contents. In addition, application classification is performed without employing a port mapping at the transport layer. Our results show that applications can be identified with an average precision and recall of up to 99%.
Clinical and critical care concerns in severely ill obese patient (2012)

The incidence of obesity has acquired an epidemic proportion throughout the globe. As a result, increasing number of obese patients is being presented to critical care units for various indications. The attending intensivist has to face numerous challenges during management of such patients. Almost all the organ systems are affected by the impact of obesity either directly or indirectly. The degree of obesity and its prolong duration are the main factors which determine the harmful effect of obesity on human body. The present article reviews few of the important clinical and critical care concerns in critically ill obese patients.
A new architecture for direct drive robots (2003)

A practical architecture, using a four-bar-linkage, is considered for the University of Minnesota direct-drive robot. This statically-balanced direct-drive robot has been constructed for stability analysis of the robot in constrained manipulation. As a result of the elimination of the gravity forces (without any counterweights), smaller actuators and consequently smaller amplifiers were chosen. The motors yield acceleration of 5g at the end point without overheating. High torque, low speed, brushless AC synchronous motors are used to power the robot. Graphite epoxy composite material is used for the construction of the robot links. A four-node parallel processor is used to control the robot. The dynamic tracking accuracy with the computed torque method as a control law has been derived experimentally.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Optimal Utilization of Donor Grafts With Extended Criteria (2006)

Extended criteria donors can be scored using readily available parameters. Optimizing perioperative variables and matching ECD allografts to appropriately selected recipients are crucial to maintain acceptable outcomes and represent a preferable alternative to both high waiting list mortality and to a potentially futile transplant that utilizes an ECD for a critically ill recipient.
Continuing Patient Care during Electronic Health Record Downtime (2019)

This study documents the extent to which downtime events are disruptive to hospital operations. It further highlights the challenge of quantitatively assessing the implication of downtimes events, due to a lack of otherwise EHR-recorded data. Organizations that seek to improve and evaluate their downtime contingency plans need to find more effective methods to collect data during these times.
Toward Grid-Aware Time Warp (2005)

The authors study the adaptation of an optimistic Time Warp kernel to cross-cluster computing on the Grid. Wide-area communication, the primary source of overhead, is offloaded onto dedicated routing processes. This allows the simulation processes to run at full speed and thus significantly decreases the performance gap caused by the wide-area distribution. Further improvements are obtained by employing message aggregation on the wide-area links and using a distributed global virtual time algorithm. The authors achieve many of their objectives for a cellular automaton simulation with lazy cancellation and moderate communication. High communication rates, especially with aggressive cancellation, present a challenge. This is confirmed by the experiments with synthetic loads. Even then, a satisfactory speedup can be achieved, provided that the computational grain of events is large enough.
Spin orbit torques and Dzyaloshinskii-Moriya interaction in dual-interfaced Co-Ni multilayers (2016)

We study the spin orbit torque (SOT) and Dzyaloshinskii-Moriya interaction (DMI) in the dual-interfaced Co-Ni perpendicular multilayers. Through the combination of top and bottom layer materials (Pt, Ta, MgO and Cu), SOT and DMI are efficiently manipulated due to an enhancement or cancellation of the top and bottom contributions. However, SOT is found to originate mostly from the bulk of a heavy metal (HM), while DMI is more of interfacial origin. In addition, we find that the direction of the domain wall (DW) motion can be either along or against the electron flow depending on the DW tilting angle when there is a large DMI. Such an abnormal DW motion induces a large assist field required for hysteretic magnetization reversal. Our results provide insight into the role of DMI in SOT driven magnetization switching, and demonstrate the feasibility of achieving desirable SOT and DMI for spintronic devices.
Evidence against an X-linked visual loss susceptibility locus in Leber hereditary optic neuropathy. (1996)

Pedigree analysis of British families with Leber hereditary optic neuropathy (LHON) closely fits a model in which a pathogenic mtDNA mutation interacts with an X-linked visual loss susceptibility locus (VLSL). This model predicts that 60% of affected females will show marked skewing of X inactivation. Linkage analysis in British and Italian families with genetically proven LHON has excluded the presence of such a VLSL over 169 cM of the X chromosome both when all families were analyzed together and when only families with the bp 11778 mutation were studied. Further, there was no excess skewing of X inactivation in affected females. There was no evidence for close linkage to three markers in the pseudoautosomal region of the sex chromosomes. The mechanism of incomplete penetrance and male predominance in LHON remains unclear.
Electrophysiological sensory demyelination in typical chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy (2010)

Sensory electrophysiological demyelination is present and may be diagnostically useful in typical CIDP. SCB detection and SNAP duration prolongation appear to represent more useful markers of demyelination than SNCV reduction.
IMMUNOREACTIVITY FOR HEPATOCYTE GROWTH FACTOR/SCATTER FACTOR AND ITS RECEPTOR, met, IN HUMAN LUNG CARCINOMAS AND MALIGNANT MESOTHELIOMAS (1996)

Paraffin sections from 29 lung carcinomas (28 primary and 1 metastatic) and 9 pleural malignant mesotheliomas were immunostained with antisera to human hepatocyte growth factor/scatter factor (HGF/SF) and its receptor, met. For HGF/SF, immunoreactivity was demonstrated in all 9 mesotheliomas, 9 of 12 adenocarcinomas, and 7 of 10 squamous cell carcinomas. None of seven cases of small cell anaplastic carcinoma was positive. The adenocarcinomas frequently showed enhanced luminal staining, suggesting possible secretion of HGF/SF, and this pattern of staining was also seen occasionally in bronchial epithelium adjacent to the tumour. Stromal fibroblasts also showed immunoreactivity for HGF/SF in 6/8 cases of mesothelioma but in only 3/12 adenocarcinomas, 1/10 squamous cell carcinomas, and 1/4 small cell anaplastic carcinomas. All tumours stained for met, usually strongly. The staining was mainly cytoplasmic in nature, but some plasma membrane staining was usually evident. Adenocarcinomas showed strong luminal membrane staining, as did adjacent, histologically normal bronchial epithelium. This study demonstrates the presence of HGF/SF and met in most of the tumour types described, particularly mesotheliomas, and suggests that the HGF/SF/met signalling system may play a role in the development of these tumours, either by autocrine or by paracrine mechanisms.
Evaluating similarity-based visualisations as interfaces for image browsing (2021)

Large collections of digital images are becoming more and more common, and the users of these collections need computer-based systems to help them find the images they require. Digital images are easy to shrink to thumbnail size, allowing a large number of them to be presented to the user simultaneously. Generally, current image browsing interfaces display thumbnails in a two-dimensional grid, in some default order, and there has been little exploration of possible alternatives to this model. With textual document collections, information visualisation techniques have been used to produce representations where the documents appear to be clustered according to their mutual similarity, which is based on the words they have in common. The same techniques can be applied to images, to arrange a set of thumbnails according to a defined measure of similarity. In many collections, the images are manually annotated with descriptive text, allowing their similarity to be measured in an analogous way to textual documents. Alternatively, research in content-based image retrieval has made it possible to measure similarity based on low-level visual features, such as colour. The primary goal of this research was to investigate the usefulness of such similarity-based visualisations as interfaces for image browsing. We concentrated on visual similarity, because it is applicable to any image collection, regardless of the availability of annotations. Initially, we used conventional information retrieval evaluation methods to compare the relative performance of a number of different visual similarity measures, both for retrieval and for creating visualisations. Thereafter, our approach to evaluation was influenced more by human-computer interaction: we carried out a series of user experiments where arrangements based on visual similarity were compared to random arrangements, for different image browsing tasks. These included finding a given target image, finding a group of images matching a generic requirement, and choosing subjectively suitable images for a particular purpose (from a shortlisted set). As expected, we found that similarity-based arrangements are generally more helpful than random arrangements, especially when the user already has some idea of the type of image she is looking for. Images are used in many different application domains; the ones we chose to study were stock photography and personal photography. We investigated the organisation and browsing of personal photographs in some depth, because of the inevitable future growth in usage of digital cameras, and a lack of previous research in this area.
Van Hove singularity and apparent anisotropy in the electron-phonon interaction in graphene (2008)

We show that the electron-phonon coupling strength obtained from the slopes of the electronic energy vs wave vector dispersion relations, as often done in analyzing angle-resolved photoemission data, can differ substantially from the actual electron-phonon coupling strength due to the curvature of the bare electronic bands. This effect becomes particularly important when the Fermi level is close to a van Hove singularity. By performing ab initio calculations on doped graphene, we demonstrate that, while the apparent strength obtained from the slopes of experimental photoemission data is highly anisotropic, the angular dependence of the actual electron-phonon coupling strength in this material is negligible.
The human histone gene expression regulator HBP/SLBP is required for histone and DNA synthesis, cell cycle progression and cell proliferation in mitotic cells (2004)

Histone proteins are essential for chromatin formation, and histone gene expression is coupled to DNA synthesis. In metazoans, the histone RNA binding protein HBP/SLBP is involved in post-transcriptional control of histone gene expression. In vitro assays have demonstrated that human HBP/SLBP is involved in histone mRNA 3' end formation and translation. We have inhibited human HBP/SLBP expression by RNA interference to determine its function during the mitotic cell cycle. Inhibition of HBP/SLBP expression resulted in the inhibition of histone gene expression and DNA synthesis, the inhibition of cell cycle progression in S phase and the inhibition of cell proliferation. These findings indicate that human HBP/SLBP is essential for the coordinate synthesis of DNA and histone proteins and is required for progression through the cell division cycle.