gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Silicon Micro‐ and Nanofabrication for Medicine (2013)

This manuscript constitutes a review of several innovative biomedical technologies fabricated using the precision and accuracy of silicon micro- and nanofabrication. The technologies to be reviewed are subcutaneous nanochannel drug delivery implants for the continuous tunable zero-order release of therapeutics, multi-stage logic embedded vectors for the targeted systemic distribution of both therapeutic and imaging contrast agents, silicon and porous silicon nanowires for investigating cellular interactions and processes as well as for molecular and drug delivery applications, porous silicon (pSi) as inclusions into biocomposites for tissue engineering, especially as it applies to bone repair and regrowth, and porous silica chips for proteomic profiling. In the case of the biocomposites, the specifically designed pSi inclusions not only add to the structural robustness, but can also promote tissue and bone regrowth, fight infection, and reduce pain by releasing stimulating factors and other therapeutic agents stored within their porous network. The common material thread throughout all of these constructs, silicon and its associated dielectrics (silicon dioxide, silicon nitride, etc.), can be precisely and accurately machined using the same scalable micro- and nanofabrication protocols that are ubiquitous within the semiconductor industry. These techniques lend themselves to the high throughput production of exquisitely defined and monodispersed nanoscale features that should eliminate architectural randomness as a source of experimental variation thereby potentially leading to more rapid clinical translation.
Adaptation of Wild-Type Measles Virus to Tissue Culture (2002)

Measles has a host range restricted to humans and monkeys in captivity. Fresh measles virus (MV) isolates replicate readily in several human and simian B-cell lines but need a period of adaptation to other types of cells. The identification of CD46 and CD150 (SLAM) as cellular receptors for MV has helped to clarify certain aspects of the immunobiology of MV infections. We have examined the properties of an MV wild-type strain grown in the epithelial cell line Vero. After adaptation, this virus expressed high levels of both the viral glycoproteins (hemagglutinin and fusion protein) but did not induce fusion (syncytia). No changes in the amino acid sequence were found in either of the viral glycoproteins. Using several approaches, the Vero-adapted virus could not be shown to interact with CD46 either in the initiation or during the course of infection. The presence of human SLAM expressed in the Vero cells rapidly gave rise to fusion and lower yields of infectious virus.
Heavy and light chains of a mouse monoclonal autoantibody express the same idiotype. (1985)

We report on the detection of the same idiotype (Id62) on the heavy and light chains of a mouse monoclonal autoantibody to thyroglobulin. This result was obtained by a simple, sensitive, and reproducible technique, namely immunoblot on nitrocellulose paper of electrophoretically separated heavy and light chains by using a panel of 125I-labeled anti-idiotype probes. These included polyclonal heterologous and syngeneic affinity-purified antibodies and a syngeneic monoclonal antibody. The immunoblot findings were confirmed through the solid-phase radioimmunoassay binding of the anti-idiotype probes to isolated H and L polypeptide chains prepared by conventional chromatography methods. Because anti-idiotype probes define a putative regulatory idiotype of the BALB/c autoimmune response to thyroglobulin, it is suggested that the simultaneous presence of the same idiotype on H and L chains may confer to antibody regulatory properties within the idiotypic network. The significance of the existence of the same idiotype on H and L chains and the implication of this finding for the regulation of the immune response to self antigens are discussed.
1200V Interconnection Technique with Isolated Self-Shielding Structure (2006)

1200V interconnection technique with the isolated self-shielding concept was verified by simulation and realized without big process changes from the 600V HVIC process conditions. P-substrate resistivity, p-isolation dose, and interlayer thickness, which relieve the electric field under HV interconnection metal line, are found to be the main factors determining breakdown voltage. Experimental results have shown that over 1200V of breakdown voltage without isolation leakage current can be obtained when the p-substrate resistivity of 200ohm.cm and the p-isolation dose of 8.0e12cm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">-2</sup> are used
Production, Purification, and Study of the Amino Acid Composition of Microalgae Proteins (2021)

Microalgae are known to be rich in protein. In this study, we aim to investigate methods of producing and purifying proteins of 98 microalgae including <i>Chlorella vulgaris, Arthrospira platensis</i>, <i>Nostoc</i> sp., <i>Dunaliella salina</i>, and <i>Pleurochrysis carterae</i> (Baltic Sea). Therefore, we studied their amino acid composition and developed a two-stage protein concentrate purification method from the microalgae biomass. After an additional stage of purification, the mass fraction of protein substances with a molecular weight greater than 50 kDa in the protein concentrate isolated from the biomass of the microalga <i>Dunaliella salina</i> increased by 2.58 times as compared with the mass fraction before filtration. In the protein concentrate isolated from the biomass of the microalga <i>Pleurochrysis cartera</i>, the relative content of the fraction with a molecular weight greater than 50.0 kDa reached 82.4%, which was 2.43 times higher than the relative content of the same fractions in the protein concentrate isolated from this culture before the two-stage purification. The possibilities of large-scale industrial production of microalgae biomass and an expanded range of uses determine the need to search for highly productive protein strains of microalgae and to optimize the conditions for isolating amino acids from them.
Cytokines induced by Sendai virus in human peripheral blood leukocytes (1996)

Human peripheral blood leukocytes (hPBL) are a rich source of natural leukocyte interferon (IFN-alpha) when treated with Sendai virus. Sendai virus treatment of hPBL will also result in significant production of several chemokines and cytokines such as macrophage inflammatory protein-1alpha (MIP-1alpha), MIP-1beta, RANTES, tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha), interleukin-6 (IL-6), and IL-8, in a time-dependent way. A significant amount of MCP-1 is constitutively produced in overnight culture of leukocytes. The most abundant cytokine is IFN-alpha, which is induced to its maximum level approximately 11-15 h after addition of Sendai virus. The amount of IFN-alpha induced at 15 h after Sendai virus treatment is more than 16-fold higher than those of MIP-1alpha, MIP-1beta, and RANTES. IFN-alpha is also induced more than 60-fold higher than TNF-alpha and IL-8. The amount of IL-6 induced is approximately 400-fold less than IFN-alpha. Limited amounts of other cytokines such as IL-1alpha, IL-1beta, macrophage colony-stimulating factor, TNF-beta, and IFN-gamma are also induced in Sendai virus-treated hPBL. No measurable amount of granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor, granulocyte colony-stimulating factor, leukemia inhibitory factor, IL-2, IL-3, IL-4, IL-5, IL-7, IL-10, IL-11, or IL-12 was induced in the supernatant of Sendai virus-treated hPBL.
Simultaneous Determination of Amphetamine, Methamphetamine, Methylenedioxyamphetamine (MDA), Methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA), and Methylenedioxyethylamphetamine (MDEA) Enantiomers by GC-MS (1999)

A method is described for the simultaneous determination of the ratio of l- and d-enantiomers of amphetamine, methamphetamine, 3,4-methylenedioxyamphetamine (MDA), 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA), and 3,4-methylenedioxyethylamphetamine (MDEA) in urine. The assay uses liquid-liquid extraction followed by derivatization with trifluoroacetyl-l-prolyl chloride (l-TPC) and analysis by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. The assay was developed using prepared samples containing varying concentrations of each of the analytes over a range of percentages of each enantiomer. Results showed the method to provide accurate and reliable results in samples containing > or = 10 ng/mL amphetamine and methamphetamine and > or = 25 ng/mL MDA, MDMA, and MDEA. The assay was used to analyze urine samples from subjects of a controlled MDMA study. Results for each of the eight subjects showed a greater percentage of the l-enantiomer of MDMA initially, and the percentage increased with time postdose. Analysis of the metabolite MDA revealed that the proportion of d-enantiomer was initially greater than the l-enantiomer followed by a gradual increase in the proportion of l-enantiomer until it exceeded the amount of the d-enantiomer. In all cases, the l-MDA exceeded the d-MDA within the first 36 h postdose.
An introduction to programming with processing (2014)

Processing is a high-level programming language that is based on Java, and is known for its abstractions that simplify creating visually-based programs. Its easy to learn syntax make it a compelling choice for beginners wanting to learn basic programming concepts that can be scaled into more advanced applications. Processing applications (known as "sketches") can be deployed in various formats such as Java stand-alone applications, Javascript that can be embedded into HTML5 documents and Android Apps for Google's popular mobile platform.\nThis course assumes no prior programming knowledge as the learner is led through a guided tour of programming concepts that extend across many high-level languages, then demonstrates a practical implementation of these concepts within Processing sketches. The course encourages learners to work along-side the examples by creating their own programs or remixing the source code that is included with the documentation. This source code Includes a game emphasizing programmatic logic, data visualizations that read from external datasets and various other examples that cover all the major topics discussed within the documentation. \n\nAt the end of each major section a Quiz is included so that the learner can assess their personal progress and compare their results with other students that have taken the course.
Review of high-performance three-phase power-factor correction circuits (1997)

This paper reviews progress in topology, control, and design aspects in three-phase power-factor correction (PFC) techniques. Different switching rectifier topologies are presented for various applications. Representative soft-switching schemes, including zero-voltage and zero-current switched pulsewidth modulated (PWM) techniques, are investigated. Merits and limitations of these techniques are discussed and illustrated by experimental results obtained on prototype converters. Control and input filter design issues are also discussed.
NMR-based screening in drug discovery (1999)

1. Introduction 211 2. Screening methods 213 2.1 Chemical shifts 213 2.2 Diffusion 214 2.3 Transverse relaxation 218 2.4 Nuclear Overhauser effects 218 3. Strategies for drug discovery and design 221 3.1 Fragment-based methods 221 3.1.1 Linked-fragment approach 221 3.1.2 Directed combinatorial libraries 222 3.1.3 Modification of high-affinity ligands 223 3.1.4 Solvent mapping techniques 223 3.2 High-throughput NMR-based screening 224 3.3 Enzymatic assays 226 4. Discovery of novel ligands 227 4.1 High-affinity ligands for FKBP 227 4.2 Potent inhibitors of stromelysin 229 4.3 Ligands for the DNA-binding domain of the E2 protein 233 4.4 Discovery of Erm methyltransferase inhibitors 233 4.5 Phosphotyrosine mimetics for SH2 domains 236 5. Conclusions 237 6. References 237 A critical step in the drug discovery process is the identification of high-affinity ligands for macromolecular targets. Traditionally, the identification of such lead compounds has been accomplished through the high-throughout screening (HTS) of corporate compound repositories. Conventional HTS methodology has enjoyed widespread application and success in the pharmaceutical industry and, through recent technological advances in screening (Fernandes, 1998; Oldenburg et al . 1998; Silverman et al . 1998) and combinatorial chemistry (Fauchere et al . 1998; Fecik et al . 1998), these programs will continue to have a prominent role in drug discovery. However, suitable leads cannot always be found using conventional methods. This is not surprising since typical corporate libraries contain fewer than 10 6 compounds compared with the estimated 10 50 –10 80 universe of compounds (Martin, 1997). In addition, most conventional assays are limited to screening libraries of compounds against proteins with known function, excluding the large number of targets becoming available from genomics research. Recently, a number of NMR-based screening methods have been employed to identify and design lead ligands for protein targets (see Table 1). These NMR-based strategies can augment ongoing conventional HTS for identifying leads and can be used to aid in lead optimization. All of these techniques take advantage of the fact that upon complex formation between a target molecule and a ligand, significant perturbations can be observed in NMR-sensitive parameters of either the target or the ligand. These perturbations can be used qualitatively to detect ligand binding or quantitatively to assess the strength of the binding interaction. In addition, some of the techniques allow the identification of the ligand binding site or which part of the ligand is responsible for interacting with the target. In this article, the current state of NMR-based screening is reviewed.
Phytochemical analysis and In vitro antioxidant acitivity of hydroalcoholic seed extract of Nymphaea nouchali Burm. f. (2013)

To evaluate the phytochemical constituents and the antioxidant activity of hydroalcoholic extract of Nymphaea nouchali seed locally prescribed as a diet for diabetes mellitus. The antioxidant and free radical scavenging activity of hydroalcoholic extract of the plant was assessed against 1,1 diphenyl-2-picryl hydrazyl (DPPH), nitric oxide and lipid peroxidation using standard protocols. Total phenolics, flavonoids and tannins were also determined. Phytochemical analysis revealed the presence of phenols, flavones, tannins, protein, reducing sugars, glycosides, saponins, alkaloids and steroids. The activities of plant extract against DPPH, nitric oxide and lipid peroxidation was concentration dependent with IC50 value of 42.82, 23.58 and 54.65 μg/mL respectively. The total antioxidant capacity was high with 577.73 mg vitamin E/g of the extract and showed a moderately high vitamin C content of 197.22 mg/g. The total tannin content of hydroalcoholic seed extract was high (195.84 GE/g), followed by phenolics (179.56 GE/g) and flavonoids (23.55 QE/g). Our findings provide evidence that the crude extract of Nymphaea nouchali is a potential source of natural antioxidants and this justifies its use in folkloric medicine.
A complementary filter for attitude estimation of a fixed-wing UAV (2008)

This paper considers the question of using a nonlinear complementary filter for attitude estimation of fixed-wing unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) given only measurements from a low-cost inertial measurement unit. A nonlinear complementary filter is proposed that combines accelerometer output for low frequency attitude estimation with integrated gyrometer output for high frequency estimation. The raw accelerometer output includes a component corresponding to airframe acceleration, occurring primarily when the aircraft turns, as well as the gravitational acceleration that is required for the filter. The airframe acceleration is estimated using a simple centripetal force model (based on additional airspeed measurements), augmented by a first order dynamic model for angle-of-attack, and used to obtain estimates of the gravitational direction independent of the airplane manoeuvres. Experimental results are provided on a real-world data set and the performance of the filter is evaluated against the output from a full GPS/INS that was available for the data set.
Temperature and field interrelation study of low-k TDDB for Cu interconnects with and without liner - New insights to the roles of Cu for a competing breakdown process (2013)

Low-k time dependent dielectric breakdown (TDDB) is commonly considered an important reliability issue. It has been proposed that there is an interrelation of field and temperature dependence between TDDB thermal activation energies and field acceleration parameters, which could provide a more comprehensive picture to understand low-k TDDB breakdown mechanism. In this study, an extensive investigation of low-k TDDB degradation at 32nm over a wide range of fields and temperatures was conducted for Cu interconnects with and without regular TaN/Ta liner. New interrelations of field and temperature dependence between TDDB thermal activation energies and field acceleration parameters for Cu samples with and without liner were experimentally identified, which provide a new insight to roles of Cu in low-k TDDB breakdown model.
Modeling and fusing uncertain multi‐sensory data (1996)

To develop a Multi-Sensor System (MSS) one has to consider the following three important issues: (1) modeling the uncertainty that exists in the sensory measurements, (2) modeling the cooperation behavior among the sensors, and, finally, (3) developing fusion strategies that recognize both the uncertainty model and the cooperation behavior. In this article we propose a probabilistic approach for modeling the uncertainty and cooperation in sensory teams. We show how the Information Variation measure can be used to capture both the quality of sensory data and the interdependence relationships that might exist between the different sensors. This allows the sensor fusion procedures to avoid the assumption that the observations made by the different sensors are totally independent, an assumption that lessens the applicability of such procedures in many practical situations. We also show how DeGroot's Consensus model can be combined with the Information Variation model to fuse the uncertain sensory data. The proposed approach develops to an approximation of the Bayesian paradigm when the team constitutes more than two sensors. It is the computational burden as well as the difficulty associated with the construction of the exact Bayesian paradigm that motivated the development of this approach. © 1996 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Contraceptive Methods Women Have Ever Used: United States, 2015-2019 (2023)

This report provides health data from the National Center for Health Statistics.
SU‐FF‐I‐04: A Fast Variable‐Intensity Ring Suppression Algorithm (2006)

Purpose: Gain drifts and nonlinearities in amorphous silicon flat‐panel x‐ray detectors can produce ring artifacts in reconstructed cone‐beam computed tomography (CBCT) images. We have found that the magnitude of these artifacts can exceed 50 HU in clinical situations, and that the intensity of a given ring may not be uniform throughout an image. In some cases (e.g. half‐fan pelvic scans), discrete arcs may be produced. The goal of this study was to develop a post‐processing algorithm to efficiently suppress such variable‐intensity rings in axial slices. Method and Materials: Our approach builds upon the work of Sijbers and Postnov who showed that constant‐intensity rings can be estimated via radial median filtering of the input image after its transformation to polar coordinates. To characterize variable‐intensity rings and arcs, we developed a 2‐D estimation technique that uses a combination of row‐based (radial) and column‐based (angular) filters operating in the polar domain. The 2‐D estimates were transformed back to Cartesian space for subtraction from the original image. The new algorithm was implemented in C++ and tested on clinical and phantom CBCT images acquired using a Varian 4030CB detector. Results: Correction times (3.2GHz Intel Pentium4 processor), including coordinate transformations, averaged 55 msec/slice for 512×512 matrix sizes. Rings and arcs were reduced in intensity by more than an order of magnitude to levels well below the background noise intensity. By subtracting ring estimates in Cartesian space, the polar matrix size could be reduced without sacrificing spatial resolution in the final image. This permitted for a 4× reduction in execution time compared to the original Sijbers‐Postnov approach where subtraction occurs in polar space. Conclusion: The Sijbers‐Postnov algorithm ring suppression algorithm was modified to provide improved image quality and fast execution times suitable for clinical implementation. Conflict of Interest: Funding provided by Varian Medical Systems.
Transient Thermal Response Impact of 3.5GHz GaN HEMT Amplifier on TDD LTE Spectrum and Its Improvement Based on a Thermal Equivalent Circuit Approach (2016)

Thermal response of GaN HEMT amplifier under TDD operations causes ACLR degradation due to the fluctuation of output power. Transient response of the transistor channel temperature and corresponding output power is obtained analytically and numerically. Layered structure is modelled by Cauer thermal equivalent circuit where every thermal resistor and thermal capacitor is obtained assuming that the heat travels within a 45 degree angle range of mounting materials. The model also takes it into account that the amount of heat applied is changing according to the channel temperature because the dissipated power is determined by the output power that changes according to the channel temperature. It will be shown the model explains the experimental transient response of the ACLR degradation of a 2W-class 3.5GHz power amplifier. A potential measure to improve the response is also discussed.
Reducing Costs in Cloud Application Execution Using Redundancy-Based Scheduling (2014)

Public providers around the world offer computing, storage, and communication services as virtual machines in a pay-per-use model. From the user perspective, it is important to choose providers and charging models to run distributed applications with quality of service at lower costs. In this work, we introduce an innovative strategy to decrease the cost of VM requests scheduling on different public cloud providers. The mechanism is based on redundancy with a mixed utilization of reserved and spot virtual machine (VM) instances, and it allows the balancing between cost and availability. We implemented a QoS-aware architecture that allows the scheduling of applications considering different VM charging models. Then, we propose an integer linear program (ILP) and a heuristic algorithm to compute the QoS-aware scheduling. Experimental results show that the proposed approach computes schedules with smaller costs than alternative approaches.
NADPH Oxidase Subunit 4-Mediated Reactive Oxygen Species Contribute to Cycling Hypoxia-Promoted Tumor Progression in Glioblastoma Multiforme (2011)

Cycling hypoxia-induced ROS via Nox4 is a critical aspect of cancer biology to consider for therapeutic targeting of cycling hypoxia-promoted HIF-1 activation and tumor progression in GBM.