gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Experimental Turbulence Effects on Crosstalk and System Power Penalty over a Free Space Optical Communication Link using Orbital Angular Momentum Multiplexing (2013)

Turbulence-induced crosstalk and system penalty for an OAM-multiplexed free space optical communication link is experimentally investigated. The power penalty is found to exceed 10 dB in weak turbulence condition due to severe crosstalk.
Water Enables Efficient CO<sub>2</sub> Capture from Natural Gas Flue Emissions in an Oxidation-Resistant Diamine-Appended Metal–Organic Framework (2019)

Supported by increasingly available reserves, natural gas is achieving greater adoption as a cleaner-burning alternative to coal in the power sector. As a result, carbon capture and sequestration from natural gas-fired power plants is an attractive strategy to mitigate global anthropogenic CO<sub>2</sub> emissions. However, the separation of CO<sub>2</sub> from other components in the flue streams of gas-fired power plants is particularly challenging due to the low CO<sub>2</sub> partial pressure (∼40 mbar), which necessitates that candidate separation materials bind CO<sub>2</sub> strongly at low partial pressures (≤4 mbar) to capture ≥90% of the emitted CO<sub>2</sub>. High partial pressures of O<sub>2</sub> (120 mbar) and water (80 mbar) in these flue streams have also presented significant barriers to the deployment of new technologies for CO<sub>2</sub> capture from gas-fired power plants. Here, we demonstrate that functionalization of the metal-organic framework Mg<sub>2</sub>(dobpdc) (dobpdc<sup>4-</sup> = 4,4'-dioxidobiphenyl-3,3'-dicarboxylate) with the cyclic diamine 2-(aminomethyl)piperidine (2-ampd) produces an adsorbent that is capable of ≥90% CO<sub>2</sub> capture from a humid natural gas flue emission stream, as confirmed by breakthrough measurements. This material captures CO<sub>2</sub> by a cooperative mechanism that enables access to a large CO<sub>2</sub> cycling capacity with a small temperature swing (2.4 mmol CO<sub>2</sub>/g with Δ<i>T</i> = 100 °C). Significantly, multicomponent adsorption experiments, infrared spectroscopy, magic angle spinning solid-state NMR spectroscopy, and van der Waals-corrected density functional theory studies suggest that water enhances CO<sub>2</sub> capture in 2-ampd-Mg<sub>2</sub>(dobpdc) through hydrogen-bonding interactions with the carbamate groups of the ammonium carbamate chains formed upon CO<sub>2</sub> adsorption, thereby increasing the thermodynamic driving force for CO<sub>2</sub> binding. In light of the exceptional thermal and oxidative stability of 2-ampd-Mg<sub>2</sub>(dobpdc), its high CO<sub>2</sub> adsorption capacity, and its high CO<sub>2</sub> capture rate from a simulated natural gas flue emission stream, this material is one of the most promising adsorbents to date for this important separation.
Loss Analysis of Monocrystalline CdTe Solar Cells With 20% Active-Area Efficiency (2017)

We report a monocrystalline CdTe/MgCdTe double-heterostructure solar cell with an a-Si:H hole contact and an ITO/SiO <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">x</sub> electrode stack. Similar designs have achieved high open-circuit voltages, but low short-circuit current densities and fill factors have limited the cell efficiencies. We investigate the origin of these losses, and, in addressing some of them, achieve a maximum total-area efficiency of 18.5% and active-area efficiency of 20.3% measured under AM1.5G illumination. Additional cells have been measured with open-circuit voltages of up to 1.11 V, while still maintaining respectable fill factors and no rollover. The lack of rollover, either before or after open circuit, confirms the potential of this approach to reach very high efficiencies. The optical losses within the device are quantified and analyzed across the spectrum to determine if there exists potential for increased current generation through a reduction in parasitic absorption. In addition, fitting the current-voltage characteristic reveals that the leading cause of the less-than-ideal fill factor is series resistance, which contributes a 7% absolute loss.
NKp44-Derived Peptide Binds Proliferating Cell Nuclear Antigen and Mediates Tumor Cell Death (2018)

Proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) is considered as a hub protein and is a key regulator of DNA replication, repair, cell cycle control, and apoptosis. PCNA is overexpressed in many cancer types, and PCNA overexpression is correlated with cancer virulence. Membrane-associated PCNA is a ligand for the NKp44 (NCR2) innate immune receptor. The purpose of this study was to characterize the PCNA-binding site within NKp44. We have identified NKp44-derived linear peptide (pep8), which can specifically interact with PCNA and partly block the NKp44-PCNA interaction. We then tested whether NKp44-derived pep8 (NKp44-pep8) fused to cell-penetrating peptides (CPPs) can be employed for targeting the intracellular PCNA for the purpose of anticancer therapy. Treatment of tumor cells with NKp44-pep8, fused to R11-NLS cell-penetrating peptide (R11-NLS-pep8), reduced cell viability and promoted cell death, in various murine and human cancer cell lines. Administration of R11-NLS-pep8 to tumor-bearing mice suppressed tumor growth in the 4T1 breast cancer and the B16 melanoma <i>in vivo</i> models. We therefore identified the NKp44 binding site to PCNA and further developed an NKp44-peptide-based agent that can inhibit tumor growth through interfering with the function of intracellular PCNA in the tumor cell.
Optical Fiber Refractive Index Profiling by Iterative Optical Diffraction Tomography (2018)

A non-destructive iterative interferometric tomographic technique is proposed for imaging fibers with high refractive index contrast, complex structures, and/or large optical path differences. Both simulation and experimental results demonstrate that this technique enables the reconstruction of fiber refractive index profiles accurately and robustly with sub-wavelength resolution.
A 180 Kbit Embeddable MRAM Memory Module (2008)

<para xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> A 180 Kbit magnetoresistive random access memory (MRAM) organized as 22 bits by 8 Kwords has been developed for embedding in a 0.28 micron CMOS process. The memory cell is based on a 1-transistor 1-magnetic tunnel junction (1T1MTJ) bit cell with a toggle MTJ. For reads, the memory is architected with word lines connecting a row of bits to bit lines with a pass transistor and two stages of columns selection transistors connecting bit lines to dual sense amplifiers. For writes, a read is first performed to determine the state of bits to be written followed by a toggle decision to enable bit line toggle drivers. Overlapping bit and word line currents toggle the selected bits. The new dual sense amplifier architecture separates the amplifier reference bits from the bias bits thereby improving sensitivity and reducing offset. The write driver uses a switched capacitor and charge sharing to improve ground bounce immunity and reduce area. Embedded test registers control internal memory timing, reference voltages, reference currents and access features enabling detailed characterization of the memory and optimization of the design. An example describing optimization of the write parameters is presented. </para>
Adaptive optical processing system with optical associative memory (1993)

An architecture for a novel adaptive optical processing system using optical associative memory with learning capability is proposed. The optical system consists of an optical preprocessor for feature extraction and optical associative memory. The feature-extraction ability can give excellent processing capability to the optical associative memory. In order to demonstrate this system, an optical Fourier transform is used as the preprocessor, and the system can achieve shift invariance. An all-optical configuration of the system is proposed, and the experimental results applied to handwritten-character recognition by using an hybrid opto-electronic system are shown and discussed.
Microfluidic-Enabled Liposomes Elucidate Size-Dependent Transdermal Transport (2014)

Microfluidic synthesis of small and nearly-monodisperse liposomes is used to investigate the size-dependent passive transdermal transport of nanoscale lipid vesicles. While large liposomes with diameters above 105 nm are found to be excluded from deeper skin layers past the stratum corneum, the primary barrier to nanoparticle transport, liposomes with mean diameters between 31-41 nm exhibit significantly enhanced penetration. Furthermore, multicolor fluorescence imaging reveals that the smaller liposomes pass rapidly through the stratum corneum without vesicle rupture. These findings reveal that nanoscale liposomes with well-controlled size and minimal size variance are excellent vehicles for transdermal delivery of functional nanoparticle drugs.
A Hybrid Approach for Clustering-Based Data Aggregation in Wireless Sensor Networks (2009)

In a wireless sensor network application for tracking multiple mobile targets, large amounts of sensing data can be generated by a number of sensors. These data must be controlled with efficient data aggregation techniques to reduce data transmission to the sink node. Several clustering methods were used previously to aggregate the large amounts of data produced from sensors in target tracking applications. However, such clustering based data aggregation algorithms show effectiveness only in restricted type of sensing scenarios, while posing great problems when trying to adapt to various environment changes. To alleviate the problems of existing clustering algorithms, we propose a hybrid clustering based data aggregation scheme. The proposed scheme can adaptively choose a suitable clustering technique depending on the status of the network, increasing the data aggregation efficiency as well as energy consumption and successful data transmission ratio. Performance evaluation via simulation has been made to show the effectiveness of the proposed scheme.
Therapeutic potential evaluation of green synthesized silver nanoparticles derived from olive (Olea europaea L.) leaf extracts against breast cancer cells (2021)

The improvement of a green synthetic approach that focuses on the use of olive leaf extract took place to produce silver nanoparticles (AgNPs). This synthesis is known for its cost efficiency and ecological safety, with the potential to be applied in massive AgNP production. The cytotoxic, anticancer, and antioxidant activities of olive leaf extracts with AgNPs were examined on breast cancer cell lines following preparation of olive leaf extracts utilizing a method of extraction at a temperature of (0°C/8 h). Total flavonoids and phenolics for olive leaves with extraction through ethanolic and water solvents were 43.52 mg / ml and 132.9 and 64.73 mg / ml and 293.32, respectively. UV-Vis spectroscopy that has the sizes of absorption peaks from 420 to 440 mm was used to describe the synthesized AgNPs nanoparticles. Scanning electron microscopy verified these particles, specifying that they are characterized by the spherical shape of and being 100 nm on average. AgNPs’s antioxidant activity was significant. Additionally, a cytotoxic activity dependent on concentration was shown by green synthesized AgNPs. This is the initial study that established olive leaf extracts biological activity at 0°C/8 h temperature utilizing ethanol and water solvents followed by biosynthesized AgNPs from the extracts and their therapeutic potential.
Tunable holographic Fabry–Perot étalon fabricated from poor-quality glass substrates (1990)

A novel holographic recording method has been demonstrated for fabricating highly reflectant mirror coatings on a glass substrate of poor surface quality. Electro-optically tunable characteristic fringes of a high-finesse Fabry-Perot étalon have been observed from a cavity consisting of a thin nematic liquid-crystal layer and coated with holographic mirrors. Good agreement has been found between measured values and values predicted by coupledwave theory.
A new static power clamp co-designed with input ESD protection circuit (2016)

A new static power clamp circuit integrated with input ESD protection is proposed in this paper. By skillfully incorporating traditional input ESD protection, the proposed circuit replaces the protection resistor by the active switch and merging the signal control circuit into trigger circuit of static power clamp. The proposed circuit is a whole-chip ESD protection scheme that has a low leakage and the excellent ESD performance.
Faceted search and browsing of audio content on spoken web (2010)

Spoken Web is a web of VoiceSites that can be accessed by a phone. The content in a VoiceSite is audio. Therefore Spoken Web provides an alternate to the World Wide Web (WWW) in developing regions where low Internet penetration and low literacy are barriers to accessing the conventional WWW. Searching of audio content in Spoken Web through an audio query-result interface presents two key challenges: indexing of audio content is not accurate, and the presentation of results in audio is sequential, and therefore cumbersome. In this paper, we apply the concepts of faceted search and browsing to the SpokenWeb search problem. We use the concepts of facets to index the meta-data associated with the audio content. We provide a mechanism to rank the facets based on the search results. We develop an interactive query interface that enables easy browsing of search results through the top ranked facets. To our knowledge, this is the first system to use the concepts of facets in audio search, and the first solution that provides an audio search for the rural population.
Localization of inter‐rib spaces for lung texture analysis and computer‐aided diagnosis in digital chest images (1988)

An automated method for sampling lung textures in digital posterior/anterior chest images is being developed for use in computer-aided diagnosis of interstitial pulmonary diseases. In our present approach, two vertical profiles in the periphery of both lungs are fitted with a shift-variant sinusoidal function from which we estimate locations of posterior ribs and inter-rib spaces. Regions of interest (ROI's) for sampling lung textures are then automatically centered on the calculated locations of inter-rib spaces. In tests with 66 chest images, the overall success rate in placing 6.4 mm X 6.4 mm ROI's within inter-rib spaces with this method was 71%, with an average of 18 ROI's selected in 4-5 s/image by a VAX11/750 computer. When four additional alternative ROI's were selected on the sides of each original ROI, the success rate in having at least one ROI correctly located in an inter-rib space increased to 94%. Since we are still developing a fully automated sampling method, the present approach has been incorporated into a semiautomated method that is currently being used to sample lung textures from a large number of clinical cases.
Icon based error concealment for JPEG and JPEG 2000 images (2004)

This paper describes methods to recover the useful data in JPEG and JPEG 2000 compressed images and to estimate data for those portions of the image where correct data cannot be recovered. These techniques are designed to handle the loss of hundreds of bytes in the file. No use is made of restart markers or other optional error detection features of JPEG and JPEG 2000, but an uncorrupted low resolution version of the image, such as an icon, is assumed to be available. These icons are typically present in Exif or JFIF format JPEG files.
Design and fabrication of a multi-electrode array for spinal cord epidural stimulation (2014)

A detailed design, fabrication, characterization and test of a flexible multi-site platinum/polyimide based electrode array for electrical epidural stimulation in spinal cord prosthesis is described in this paper. Carefully designed 8.4 μm-thick structure fabrication flow achieves an electrode surface modification with 3.8 times enhanced effective surface area without extra process needed. Measured impedance and phase of two type of electrodes are 2.35±0.21 KΩ and 2.10±0.11 KΩ, -34.25±8.07° and -27.71±8.27° at 1K Hz, respectively. The fabricated arrays were then in-vitro tested by a multichannel neural stimulation system in physiological saline to validate the capability for electrical stimulation. The measured channel isolation on adjacent electrode is about -34dB. Randles cell model was used to investigate the charging waveforms, the model parameters were then extracted by various methods. The measured charge transfer resistance, double layer capacitance, and solution resistance are 1.9 KΩ, 220 nF and 15 KΩ, respectively. The results show that the fabricated array is applicable for electrical stimulation with well characterized parameters. Combined with a multichannel stimulator, this system provides a full solution for versatile neural stimulation applications.
Enzymatic Regioselection for the Synthesis and Biodegradation of Porphysome Nanovesicles (2012)

A select few: An enzyme screen is used to identify two enzymes that selectively cleave porphyrin–lipid regioisomers (see picture). Either of the isomerically pure conjugates assembles into physically similar porphysome nanovesicles. Although porphysomes formed from both regioisomers are stable in serum in vivo, only one regioisomer rapidly degrades upon uptake in the liver. Detailed facts of importance to specialist readers are published as ”Supporting Information”. Such documents are peer-reviewed, but not copy-edited or typeset. They are made available as submitted by the authors. Please note: The publisher is not responsible for the content or functionality of any supporting information supplied by the authors. Any queries (other than missing content) should be directed to the corresponding author for the article.
Boron neutron capture synovectomy: Treatment of rheumatoid arthritis based on the nuclear reaction (1999)

A novel application of the nuclear reaction for the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis is under investigation. Rheumatoid arthritis is characterized by a painful inflammation of the membrane (synovium) lining articular joints. Since the tissue targeted for treatment is the diseased synovial membrane and the goal is synovial ablation (“synovectomy”), the proposed treatment is called Boron Neutron Capture Synovectomy. Development of this therapeutic modality has been carried out in a number of areas, including the ex vivo and in vivo evaluation of in arthritic synovium, and the design and construction of a dedicated neutron beam assembly for joint irradiation. Ex vivo evaluation of boron uptake in human arthritic synovium using has demonstrated that concentrations of 550–2400 ppm are repeatedly obtained. Preliminary in vivo experiments in an arthritic rabbit model have shown that synovial boron concentrations of approximately 265–950 ppm are obtained at 15 min post intra‐articular injection. With these uptake levels experimental evaluation of the efficacy of BNCS in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis in an animal model can be carried out. Optimal neutron beams suitable for joint irradiation are shown to be lower in energy than those used for BNCT. An assembly comprising a graphite reflector surrounding a moderator has been designed, constructed, and installed on the 4.1 MeV tandem electrostatic accelerator at MIT's Laboratory for Accelerator Beam Applications. Monte Carlo calculations predict a total therapy time of between 8.4 and 31 min for the human knee, depending on the charged particle reaction used; a particle beam current of 1 mA is assumed. Therapy times to treat a human finger joint range from 4 to 14 min for a 1 mA accelerator current. These treatment times are based on average in vivo uptake levels (observed experimentally in the rabbit knee) of 950 ppm and a 10 000 RBE‐cGy treatment dose. It is concluded that Boron Neutron Capture Synovectomy, consisting of intra‐articular injection of a ‐labeled compound followed by neutron irradiation of the joint, has considerable potential as a means of treating rheumatoid arthritis.
Design of diffractive singlets for monochromatic imaging (1991)

The Seidel aberrations of a rotationally-symmetric diffractive lens with an arbitrary phase profile are presented. It is shown that by a proper choice of phase function and aperture stop position, third-order coma and astigmatism can be eliminated for any chosen conjugate ratio. Since a diffractive lens has an inherent zero value for the Petzval sum, the image plane is flat in both tangential and sagittal meridians. The substrate curvature of the lens may be chosen to introduce a prescribed amount of distortion to allow for use as a Fourier transform lens or a laser scan lens. Examples are given of lens performance in finite conjugate imaging and laser scanning, where the f - theta condition is satisfied.
Targeting adenovirus to the serotype 3 receptor increases gene transfer efficiency to ovarian cancer cells. (2002)

Gene delivery efficiency in clinical cancer gene therapy trials with recombinant adenoviruses (Ads) based on serotype 5 (Ad5) has been limited partly because of variable expression of the primary Ad5 receptor, the coxsackie and adenovirus receptor (CAR), on human primary cancer cells. As a means of circumventing CAR deficiency, Ad vectors have been retargeted by creating chimeric fibers possessing knob domains of alternate Ad serotypes. In this study, we have constructed an Ad5-based vector, Ad5/3luc1, with a chimeric fiber protein featuring a knob domain derived from Ad3. This virus is retargeted to the Ad3 receptor and, therefore, has different tissue tropism. A novel knob binding assay was used to measure expression of CAR and the Ad3 receptor. Further, to evaluate the correlation of receptor expression and infectivity by Ad, a panel of ovarian cancer cell lines and purified primary cancer cells were infected with Ad5luc1 and Ad5/3luc1 at 50, 200, and 1000 viral particles/cell. Our results confirm that Ad5/3luc1 is retargeted to the Ad3 receptor. Furthermore, the Ad3 receptor is present at higher levels than CAR on ovarian adenocarcinoma cells. Also, the amount of binding to primary receptor appears to be the major factor determining the efficiency of transgene expression. The Ad5/3 chimera displays enhanced infectivity for ovarian cancer cell lines and purified primary tumor cells, which could translate into increased efficacy in clinical trials.
Cloning and functional expression of a mammalian Na+/nucleoside cotransporter. A member of the SGLT family. (1992)

Complementary DNAs encoding seven different proteins related to the rabbit intestinal Na+/glucose cotransporter, SGLT1, were isolated from a rabbit renal cDNA library at relatively high stringency. The messages for RK-B to RK-F were single mRNA species at 2.3 kilobases (kb) in heart and kidney. The message for RK-A was 4 kb and was found in brain, lung, intestine, liver, and kidney. RK-I mRNA was approximately 3 kb and was found in all tissues tested. The most abundant clone, RK-C, constituted nucleotides 66-2150 of the sodium-nucleoside cotransporter, SNST1. The 672-amino acid protein encoded by SNST1 is 61% identical and 80% similar in sequence to SGLT1. Expression of SNST1c in Xenopus oocytes resulted in nucleoside-stimulated 22Na uptake and sodium-dependent [3H]uridine uptake. The uptake of [3H]uridine was inhibited by a range of nucleosides, including the anti-human immunodeficiency virus drug, dideoxycytidine. The results of this study show that there is a family of SGLT1-related proteins found in a wide variety of tissues and that one of these is a Na+/nucleoside cotransporter.