gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Exfoliation at the Liquid/Air Interface to Assemble Reduced Graphene Oxide Ultrathin Films for a Flexible Noncontact Sensing Device (2014)

Reduced graphene oxide ultrathin films are fabricated by a reproducible exfoliation method at the liquid/air interface, and they show high transparency, tunable sheet resistance, uniform electric conductivity, and structural homogeneity over a large area. A flexible relative humidity sensing matrix is demonstrated and it is shown to be excellent for close proximity sensing without touching it. This method opens up a novel avenue for future human-machine interaction applications.
Ontology-Based Named Entity Recognizer for Behavioral Health (2013)

Named-Entity Recognizers (NERs) are an important part of information extraction systems in annotation tasks. Although substantial progress has been made in recognizing domain-independent named entities (e.g. location,organizationandperson),thereisaneedtorecognize named entities for domain-specific applications in order to extract relevant concepts. Due to the growing need for smart health applications in order to address some of the latest worldwide epidemics of behavioral issues (e.g. over eating, lack of exercise, alcohol and drug consumption), we focused on the domain of behavior change, especially lifestyle change. To the best of our knowledge, there is no named-entity recognizer designed for the lifestyle change domain to enable applications to recognize relevant concepts. We describe the design of an ontology for behavioral health based on which we developed a NER augmented with lexical resources. Our NER automatically tags words and phrases in sentences with relevant (lifestyle) domain-specific tags(e.g.[un/]healthyfood,potentially-risky/healthyactivity, drug, tobacco and alcoholic beverage). We discuss the evaluation that we conducted with with manually collected test data. In addition, we discuss how our ontology enables systems to make further information acquisition for the recognized named entities by using semantic reasoners.
A Hybrid Approach for Efficient Privacy-Preserving Authentication in VANET (2017)

A vehicular ad hoc network (VANET) serves as an application of the intelligent transportation system that improves traffic safety as well as efficiency. Vehicles in a VANET broadcast traffic and safety-related information used by road safety applications, such as an emergency electronic brake light. The broadcast of these messages in an open-access environment makes security and privacy critical and challenging issues in the VANET. A misuse of this information may lead to a traffic accident and loss of human lives at worse and, therefore, vehicle authentication is a necessary requirement. During authentication, a vehicle's privacy-related data, such as identity and location information, must be kept private. This paper presents an approach for privacy-preserving authentication in a VANET. Our hybrid approach combines the useful features of both the pseudonym-based approaches and the group signature-based approaches to preclude their respective drawbacks. The proposed approach neither requires a vehicle to manage a certificate revocation list, nor indulges vehicles in any group management. The proposed approach utilizes efficient and lightweight pseudonyms that are not only used for message authentication, but also serve as a trapdoor in order to provide conditional anonymity. We present various attack scenarios that show the resilience of the proposed approach against various security and privacy threats. We also provide analysis of computational and communication overhead to show the efficiency of the proposed technique. In addition, we carry out extensive simulations in order to present a detailed network performance analysis. The results show the feasibility of our proposed approach in terms of end-to-end delay and packet delivery ratio.
Compact see‐through near‐eye display with depth adaption (2018)

Abstract Based on the recent development of Pancharatnam–Berry deflectors and lenses, we propose a compact and lightweight near‐eye display system with depth adaption. The compact design results from the polarization selectivity of Pancharatnam–Berry deflector waveguide coupler, and the fast‐switching Pancharatnam–Berry lenses can be exploited for generating correct light fields.
Endophytic Colonization and In Planta Nitrogen Fixation by a <i>Herbaspirillum</i> sp. Isolated from Wild Rice Species (2001)

Nitrogen-fixing bacteria were isolated from the stems of wild and cultivated rice on a modified Rennie medium. Based on 16S ribosomal DNA (rDNA) sequences, the diazotrophic isolates were phylogenetically close to four genera: Herbaspirillum, Ideonella, Enterobacter, and Azospirillum. Phenotypic properties and signature sequences of 16S rDNA indicated that three isolates (B65, B501, and B512) belong to the Herbaspirillum genus. To examine whether Herbaspirillum sp. strain B501 isolated from wild rice, Oryza officinalis, endophytically colonizes rice plants, the gfp gene encoding green fluorescent protein (GFP) was introduced into the bacteria. Observations by fluorescence stereomicroscopy showed that the GFP-tagged bacteria colonized shoots and seeds of aseptically grown seedlings of the original wild rice after inoculation of the seeds. Conversely, for cultivated rice Oryza sativa, no GFP fluorescence was observed for shoots and only weak signals were observed for seeds. Observations by fluorescence and electron microscopy revealed that Herbaspirillum sp. strain B501 colonized mainly intercellular spaces in the leaves of wild rice. Colony counts of surface-sterilized rice seedlings inoculated with the GFP-tagged bacteria indicated significantly more bacterial populations inside the original wild rice than in cultivated rice varieties. Moreover, after bacterial inoculation, in planta nitrogen fixation in young seedlings of wild rice, O. officinalis, was detected by the acetylene reduction and (15)N(2) gas incorporation assays. Therefore, we conclude that Herbaspirillum sp. strain B501 is a diazotrophic endophyte compatible with wild rice, particularly O. officinalis.
Mapping the Structural Transition in an Amyloidogenic Apolipoprotein A-I (2007)

The single amino acid mutation G26R in human apolipoprotein A-I (apoA-IIOWA) leads to the formation of beta-secondary structure rich amyloid fibrils in vivo. Here we show that full-length apoA-IIOWA has a decreased lipid-binding capability, an increased amino-terminal sensitivity to protease, and a propensity to form annular protofibrils visible by electron microscopy. The molecular basis for the conversion of apolipoprotein A-I to a proamyloidogenic form was examined by electron paramagnetic resonance spectroscopy. Our recent findings [Lagerstedt, J. O., Budamagunta, M. S., Oda, M. N., and Voss, J. C. (2007) J. Biol. Chem. 282, 9143-9149] indicate that Gly26 in the native apoprotein separates a preceding beta-strand structure (residues 20-25) from a downstream largely alpha-helical region. The current study demonstrates that the G26R variant promotes a structural transition of positions 27-56 to a mixture of coil and beta-strand secondary structure. Microscopy and staining by amyloidophilic dyes suggest that this alteration extends throughout the protein within 1 week of incubation in vitro, leading to insoluble aggregates of distinct morphology. The severe consequences of the Iowa mutation likely arise from the combination of losing the contribution of the native Gly residue in terminating beta-strand propagation and the promotion of beta-structure when an Arg is introduced adjacent to the succeeding residue of identical charge and size, Arg27.
Anisotropic reactive ion etching technique of GaAs and AlGaAs materials for integrated optical device fabrication (1985)

This paper reports a reactive ion etching (RIE) technique using a Cl2–Ar gas mixture for anisotropic microprocessing of GaAs and AlGaAs materials and its fundamental characteristics aimed to applications to monolithic integration of optical devices. This technique allows one to realize very fine as well as deep processing perpendicular to the wafer surface with smooth side walls, independent of the crystallographic orientation of these semiconductor materials. The etching rate was found to be controllable over a wide range by suitably adjusting the gas composition and the total gas pressure in this gas mixture. We experimentally obtained the optimum condition for smooth and perpendicular etching for both the materials at the total gas pressure of 2 Pa (1.5×10−2 Torr) with the gas flow ratio of Cl2 : Ar=1 : 5. Under this condition the etching rate ratio of GaAs to SiO2 was demonstrated more than 70. The surface damage introduced by this RIE was confirmed to be comparable at least to the case of the wet chemical etching through the measurement of photoluminescence intensities from GaAs samples.
Field Agnostic Sub-Nyquist Spectrum Reconstruction and Source Localization (2020)

In dealing with multiple sources emitting narrow band and spectrally non-overlapping signals, usually referred to as Multiband Signals (MBS), one encounters the situation where a receiver has to be designed not only to reconstruct MBS blindly, but also capable of localizing the individual sources irrespective of whether they are in the far field or in near field. The problem becomes more challenging when the sensor receiver array is operated at sub-Nyquist sampling rates. This triple combination of sub-Nyquist field agnostic MBS reconstruction is hitherto not considered in the existing literature. This paper proposes a novel methodlogy to achieve the said outcome and in the process also relax the requirements on the geometry of the sensor array by dealing with generic Uniform Centro-Symmetric structure. An effort has been made to systematically present the algorithmic pipeline which involves (1) an ESPRIT based technique to estimate the frequency and the direction of arrival pair of each of the sources (2) a strategy to determine whether a source is in near or far field by suitably using the MUSIC algorithm and also simultaneously obtaining the range information for the near-field sources (3) the MBS signal spectrum estimation using the estimated parameters. Typical results of extensive simulation study are provided to demonstrate the performance and usefulness of the approach, particularly in the mixed-field scenarios. Apart from appropriate comparisons, the rigor of the work is also reinforced by providing appropriate theoretical results on the identifiability conditions.
Combined microscopies study of the C-contamination induced by extreme-ultraviolet radiation: A surface-dependent secondary-electron-based model (2012)

SiO2 and Al2O3 surfaces exposed to periodically modulated extreme ultraviolet (EUV) light (λ = 46.9 nm) have been investigated at the μm scale by optical microscopy, scanning electron microscopy, scanning Auger microscopy, atomic force microscopy, and Kelvin probe force microscopy. The formation of a carbon contamination layer preserving the same periodical modulation of the EUV dose has been observed. The mechanisms of hydrocarbon molecules deposition have been studied with the help of correlation plots between the modulated Auger signal and the corresponding EUV dose. A surface-dependent secondary-electron-based model has been proposed.
Thermally conductive cementitious grout for geothermal heat pump systems (2023)

A thermally conductive cement-sand grout for use with a geothermal heat pump system. The cement sand grout contains cement, silica sand, a superplasticizer, water and optionally bentonite. The present invention also includes a method of filling boreholes used for geothermal heat pump systems with the thermally conductive cement-sand grout. The cement-sand grout has improved thermal conductivity over neat cement and bentonite grouts, which allows shallower bore holes to be used to provide an equivalent heat transfer capacity. In addition, the cement-sand grouts of the present invention also provide improved bond strengths and decreased permeabilities. The cement-sand grouts can also contain blast furnace slag, fly ash, a thermoplastic air entraining agent, latex, a shrinkage reducing admixture, calcium oxide and combinations thereof.
Attenuation of Pseudomonas aeruginosa biofilm formation by Vitexin: A combinatorial study with azithromycin and gentamicin (2016)

Microbial biofilm are communities of surface-adhered cells enclosed in a matrix of extracellular polymeric substances. Extensive use of antibiotics to treat biofilm associated infections has led to the emergence of multiple drug resistant strains. Pseudomonas aeruginosa is recognised as a model biofilm forming pathogenic bacterium. Vitexin, a polyphenolic group of phytochemical with antimicrobial property, has been studied for its antibiofilm potential against Pseudomonas aeruginosa in combination with azithromycin and gentamicin. Vitexin shows minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) at 260 μg/ml. It's antibiofilm activity was evaluated by safranin staining, protein extraction, microscopy methods, quantification of EPS and in vivo models using several sub-MIC doses. Various quorum sensing (QS) mediated phenomenon such as swarming motility, azocasein degrading protease activity, pyoverdin and pyocyanin production, LasA and LasB activity of the bacteria were also evaluated. Results showed marked attenuation in biofilm formation and QS mediated phenotype of Pseudomonas aeruginosa in presence of 110 μg/ml vitexin in combination with azithromycin and gentamicin separately. Molecular docking of vitexin with QS associated LuxR, LasA, LasI and motility related proteins showed high and reasonable binding affinity respectively. The study explores the antibiofilm potential of vitexin against P. aeruginosa which can be used as a new antibiofilm agent against microbial biofilm associated pathogenesis.
Hiding in plain sight: The secret contribution of the solitary ascidian <scp><i>Herdmania grandis</i></scp> to temperate reef nitrous oxide production (2021)

Abstract Large solitary ascidians, like Herdmania grandis (Heller), can dominate the benthic substrates of subtropical and temperate reefs; however, their influence on nitrogen cycling, particularly nitrous oxide (N 2 O) production, is unknown. Here, we incubated individual H. grandis and compared fluxes of dissolved inorganic and gaseous nitrogen species to fluxes from reef sediments. Nitrous oxide production rates per individual ascidian (21 ± 8 nmol ind h −1 ) are the highest reported for any marine invertebrate. An individual ascidian produced more N 2 O than 1 m 2 of inter‐reef sediment (1.7 ± 1.7 nmol m −2 h −1 ). Ascidian mediated N 2 O production was found to occur under nutrient depleted conditions. The addition of 15 N labeled organic material showed that the microbiota associated with H. grandis is capable of both nitrification and denitrification, but the contribution of these pathways to N 2 O production could not be ascertained. As the ecology of temperate reefs change, any range expansion of H. grandis will increase coastal N 2 O production.
Human Telomeric DNA Forms Parallel-Stranded Intramolecular G-Quadruplex in K<sup>+</sup> Solution under Molecular Crowding Condition (2007)

The G-rich strand of human telomeric DNA can fold into a four-stranded structure called G-quadruplex and inhibit telomerase activity that is expressed in 85-90% tumor cells. For this reason, telomere quadruplex is emerging as a potential therapeutic target for cancer. Information on the structure of the quadruplex in the physiological environment is important for structure-based drug design targeting the quadruplex. Recent studies have raised significant controversy regarding the exact structure of the quadruplex formed by human telomeric DNA in a physiological relevant environment. Studies on the crystal prepared in K+ solution revealed a distinct propeller-shaped parallel-stranded conformation. However, many later works failed to confirm such structure in physiological K+ solution but rather led to the identification of a different hybrid-type mixed parallel/antiparallel quadruplex. Here we demonstrate that human telomere DNA adopts a parallel-stranded conformation in physiological K+ solution under molecular crowding conditions created by PEG. At the concentration of 40% (w/v), PEG induced complete structural conversion to a parallel-stranded G-quadruplex. We also show that the quadruplex formed under such a condition has unusual stability and significant negative impact on telomerase processivity. Since the environment inside cells is molecularly crowded, our results obtained under the cell mimicking condition suggest that the parallel-stranded quadruplex may be the more favored structure under physiological conditions, and drug design targeting the human telomeric quadruplex should take this into consideration.
Comparison of three arrays in time-lapse ERT: Simulation of a leachate injection experiment (2009)

Leachate recirculation in bioreactor needs a careful optimization of water content and thus, the knowledge of the leachate plume geometry. Time-lapse Electrical Resistivity Tomography (ERT) is widely use for this purpose. However, in some situations, artefacts of ERT imaging can occur with classical inversion parameters. Using numerical modelling (simulating a 2D infi ltration experiment) and standard inversion parameters, this study shows that artefacts may occur using common symmetrical electrode arrays (Wenner-Schlumberger and dipole-dipole). We show that using asymmetrical array (pole-dipole with forward and reverse data sets), artefacts are signifi cantly reduced to get a more reliable ERT image of leachate infi ltration geometry.
New Concept of a High-Speed Low-Power Digital Interface for Multi-Standard Mobile Transceiver RFIC's in 0.13 μm CMOS (2006)

In this paper a new concept of a high-speed low power digital interface between the RF and the base-band chip of a multi-standard mobile phone is presented and compared to other popular interfaces. First, the requirements on a digital interface at the digital output of a multi-standard mobile phone RF front-end are explained. The paper gives an insight of popular digital interfaces and presents a new concept which is more robust against the ground bounce effect. We also show measurement results of a realized test chip that show functionality and benefits of the new concept.
A Facile Method for Preparation of Tailored Scaffolds for DNA‐Origami (2013)

A convenient PCR cloning strategy allows one to prepare hundreds of picomoles of circular single-stranded DNA molecules, which are suitable as scaffolds for the assembly of DNA origami structures. The method is based on a combination of site-directed mutagenesis and site- and ligation-independent cloning protocols, with simultaneous insertion of a nicking endonuclease restriction site on a double-stranded plasmid of desired length and sequence.
[Tinnitus--classification, causes, diagnosis, treatment and prognosis]. (2004)

Up to 45% of all adults in the industrialized countries are afflicted by noises in the ears--approximately one million people require treatment in Germany alone. Classification of tinnitus is oriented to the duration of symptoms and their severity, the latter taking into account the victim's distress both at work and during leisure time. Acute tinnitus is often caused by an ear condition or psychosocial stress. Chronic tinnitus can be caused by persistent exposure to noise, whiplash injuries or functional disorders of the cervical spine. The diagnosis is based on audiometric and otoneurologic investigations, possibly magnetic resonance tomography and serology when an infection is suspected. Acute tinnitus is treated with infusions--mostly with cortisone or pentoxifylline--or a short-term oral medication with these substances. Since no causal therapy is available for chronictinnitus, therapeutic counseling has a particular role to play with emphasis on informing the patient on the results of investigations and suggesting coping strategies. Following an appropriate diagnostic work-up, the patient should be advised of the harmless nature of the noises and encouraged to adopt a positively motivated approach to the symptoms. Tinnitus retraining therapy aims to permanently suppress conscious awareness of the noises in the ear. For this purpose, a noise generator, generally worn within the ear auricle, is employed among other things. The prognosis is dependent not only on the presence or otherwise of organic disease but also--almost always--on such aspects as perception and coping by the individual patient.
High Temperature Co‐Electrolysis of Steam and CO<sub>2</sub> in an SOC Stack: Performance and Durability (2013)

Abstract In this work, co‐electrolysis of steam and carbon dioxide was studied in a Topsoe Fuel Cell (TOFC®) 10‐cell stack, containing three different types of Ni/yttria stabilized zirconia (YSZ) electrode supported solid oxide electrolysis cells with a footprint of 12 × 12 cm. The stack was operated at 800 °C and –0.75 A cm –2 with 60% conversion for a period of 1,000 h. One type of the cells showed no long term degradation but actually activation during the entire electrolysis period, while the other two types degraded. The performance and durability of the different cell types is discussed with respect to cell material composition and microstructure. The results of this study show that long term electrolysis is feasible without notable degradation at 800 °C and a current density of –0.75 A cm –2 .
A Microcontroller-Based Adaptive Model Predictive Control Platform for Process Control Applications (2017)

Model predictive control (MPC) schemes employ dynamic models of a process within a receding horizon framework to optimize the behavior of a process. Although MPC has many benefits, a significant drawback is the large computational burden, especially in adaptive and constrained situations. In this paper, a computationally efficient self-tuning/adaptive MPC scheme for a simple industrial process plant with rate and amplitude constraints on the plant input is developed. The scheme has been optimized for real-time implementation on small, low-cost embedded processors. It employs a short (2-step) control horizon with an adjustable prediction horizon, automatically tunes the move suppression (regularization) parameter to achieve well-conditioned control, and presents a new technique for generating the reference trajectory that is robust to changes in the process time delay and in the presence of any inverse response. In addition, the need for a full quadratic programming procedure to handle input constraints is avoided by employing a quasi-analytical solution that optimally fathoms the constraints. Preliminary hardware-in-the-loop (HIL) test results indicate that the resulting scheme performs well and has low implementation overhead.