gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
[The effect of ethylenediaminetetramethylenephosphonate on the biodistribution of tumor-seeking radionuclides]. (1993)

It is well known that after application of radioactive complexes for tumour diagnosis or therapy, such as 67Ga-citrate or radiolanthanide complexes (167Tm- or 169Yb-nitrilotriacetate, -citrate, -alpha-hydroxyisobutyrate, 90Y-citrate, etc.) activity is accumulated not only in the tumour but also in other organs, above all liver and bone. This is the main obstacle to their medical use. Recently published results encouraged us to use ethylenediaminetetramethylene phosphonate (EDTMP) for the reduction of extratumoural liver activity. The results show that even small amounts of EDTMP (1-2 mg/kg BW) reduce the activity deposition in the liver by about one order of magnitude. EDTMP provoked elimination of activity from tumour, skeleton and other tissues but not to the same extent as from the liver. Tumor/liver activity ratios > 5 are achievable in this manner.
Electrophysiological effects of tachykinins and capsaicin on guinea‐pig bronchial parasympathetic ganglion neurones. (1993)

1. We evaluated the effects of neurokinins, tachykinin analogues, or capsaicin on passive membrane properties of guinea-pig bronchial parasympathetic neurones using intracellular recording techniques. 2. Substance P (SP) and the tachykinin analogue, acetyl-[Arg6,Sar9,Met(O2)11]-SP(6-11) (ASMSP), at concentrations selective for the neurokinin (NK)-1 receptor subtype, depolarized the resting potential (3 and 5 mV, respectively) with no change in input resistance. Neurokinin A and beta Ala8NKA(4-10), at concentrations selective for the NK-2 receptor subtype (0.1 microM), were without effect. 3. Neurokinin B (NKB) and [Asp5,6,methyl-Phe8]SP(5-11) (senktide analogue), at concentrations selective for NK-3 receptor subtype, elicited maximum depolarizations of 16 +/- 2 mV for both agonists. The peak of the depolarization was associated with an decrease in membrane resistance (35 +/- 4 and 50 +/- 7%, respectively). 4. Capsaicin (1 microM) elicited a 3-24 mV depolarization of the resting potential of thirteen of eighteen bronchial ganglion neurones and decreased the input resistance of seven of thirteen of these neurones. The effects of capsaicin were reduced by desensitization with senktide analogue at a concentration selective for the NK-3 receptor subtype, whereas a non-peptide NK-1 receptor antagonist had no effect. 5. Using voltage clamp analysis, capsaicin and senktide analogue evoked an inward current and an increase in membrane conductance at the resting membrane potential. The reversal potential for senktide analogue was estimated to be + 4 mV. 6. These data support the hypothesis that neurokinin-containing nerve terminals are localized within guinea-pig bronchial parasympathetic ganglia and, when released, the predominant effect of the neurokinins is by activation of NK-3 receptors.
A Renewed Assault on an Old and Deadly Foe (2000)

After languishing for decades in the scientific backwaters, malaria research is suddenly being swept into the mainstream. Money is beginning to pour in from international finance and aid organizations, giving researchers who have been doggedly pursuing an intractable foe with limited resources the means to follow new leads. But on the ground, the disease is unyielding, and the current weapons are losing their effectiveness. In a series of related stories, Science explores the World Health Organization's crusade that aims to cut malaria mortality in half over the next 10 years, conditions on the front lines of clinical research in Africa, the challenges that have slowed development of a so-far elusive vaccine, renewed interest in a Chinese herbal remedy that could aid in the fight against drug-resistant malaria, progress in attacking the Plasmodium parasite through its genome, and the dream of building a malaria-proof mosquito.
Hydrogen-induced blistering mechanisms in thin film coatings (2011)

We report on the mechanisms of hydrogen-induced blistering of multilayer coatings. Blister formation is a result of highly localized delamination occurring at the two outermost metal-on-silicon interfaces. The number, size, and type of blisters formed varied depending on the composition and ion energy of the incident flux. The results are explained in terms of the multilayer structure being simultaneously susceptible to blistering via two independent mechanisms. A high density of small blisters developed when relatively energetic (several 100 eV) ions were present. Independently, a hydrogenation process that was facilitated by the presence of a small flux of low energy ions (≤ 50 eV) induced a low density of large blisters.
The Heterogeneous Investment Horizon and the Capital Asset Pricing Model: Theory and Implications (1990)

Cheng F. Lee, Chunchi Wu, K. C. John Wei, The Heterogeneous Investment Horizon and the Capital Asset Pricing Model: Theory and Implications, The Journal of Financial and Quantitative Analysis, Vol. 25, No. 3 (Sep., 1990), pp. 361-376
Mechanical Characteristic of Spark Plasma Sintered Composite Material Using Aluminum Alloy Powders and Fly Ash (2015)

From the point of view that fly ash has very fine particles which included silica and alumina component of ceramic material, composite materials using fly ash and aluminum powders were fabricated by spark plasma sintering technique. The bending strength showed the constant value of 530 MPa at the fly ash content lower than 9.1 %, however the strength decreased monotonically at the fly ash content higher than 9.1 %. In addition, the bending fracture strain decreased with increasing the fly ash content. From the fracture surface observation, the crack propagation was recognized as bypassing along interface of fly ash particle. This phenomenon indicated that the fly ash particles played a role for suppressing the crack propagation. By assuming fly ash particle as spherical shape, the Mises stress distributions were analyzed by finite element method. The high stress concentrated near interfaces of fly ash particles, because deformation degree of aluminum alloy matrix and fly ash were different. This result suggested that the cracks occurred around fly ash particle combined each other, because the agglomerated fly ash particles becomes large size when increasing the fly ash content. And the simulation results showed the agreement with experimental results of fracture strain on the bending test.
Multicomponent Polycoupling of Internal Diynes, Aryl Diiodides, and Boronic Acids to Functional Poly(tetraarylethene)s (2015)

This paper describes the development of a new three-component polymerization route to functional poly(tetraarylethene)s (PTAEs). The polycoupling reactions of internal diynes, aryl diiodides, and arylboronic acids proceed smoothly in the presence of PdCl2 and NaF at 70 °C in dimethylformamide, generating PTAEs with promising molecular weights in high yields from different monomers. Most of the PTAEs are soluble in common organic solvents and are thermally stable. Some of the PTAEs exhibit the phenomenon of aggregation-induced emission: their light emission in solution is enhanced by aggregate formation. The tetraphenylethene-containing PTAE can function as a fluorescent chemosensor for detecting Ru3+ ions with high sensitivity and specificity. It is also a promising material for the fabrication of fluorescent pattern by photolithography process. All the PTAEs possess good film-forming ability and their thin films exhibit high refractive index (RI = 1.7751–1.6382) at 632.8 nm, whose values are higher than those of commercial polymers such as polycarbonate and polystyrene.
Decrease of serotonin‐S<sub>2</sub> receptors in temporal cortex of patients with Parkinson's disease and progressive supranuclear palsy (1988)

The number of serotonin-S2 receptors was decreased in the temporal cortex of patients with Parkinson's disease and progressive supranuclear palsy (PSP). There was no significant modification of these receptors in the frontal cortex or in the hippocampus and putamen in both diseases. The decrease in number of receptors in PSP was unexpected, because the cerebral cortex is thought to be spared in this disease. There was no correlation between the decrease in number of serotonin-S2 receptors and the degree of dementia in Parkinson's disease, suggesting that these receptors are not directly involved in the deterioration of cognitive functions.
Machine learning for fast quadrupedal locomotion (2004)

For a robot, the ability to get from one place to another is one of the most basic skills. However, locomotion on legged robots is a challenging multidimensional control problem. This paper presents a machine learning approach to legged locomotion, with all training done on the physical robots. The main contributions are a specification of our fully automated learning environment and a detailed empirical comparison of four different machine learning algorithms for learning quadrupedal locomotion. The resulting learned walk is considerably faster than all previously reported hand-coded walks for the same robot platform.
Demonstration of a 3-bit digital-to-analog convertor based on silicon microring resonators (2014)

We propose an N-bit optical digital-to-analog convertor based on silicon microring resonators. As a proof of concept, a 3-bit optical digital-to-analog convertor is demonstrated at a speed of 500 MSample/s.
Alternating Copolymers Containing Bithiophene and Dialkoxynaphthalene for the Applications to Field Effect Transistor and Photovoltaic Cell: Performance and Stability (2009)

Poly(5′,5′′-bithiophene-alt-2,6-[(1,5-didecyloxy)naphthalene]) (PBDN) was synthesized from 2,6-dibromo-l,5-didecyloxynaphthalene and 1,1′-[2,2′-bithiophene]-5,5′-diylbis[1,1,1-trimethylstannane] and was used as the active layer in organic thin-film transistors (OTFTs) and organic photovoltaic cells (OPVs). The obtained PBDN was soluble in organic solvents such as chloroform, chlorobenzene, and toluene and had a weight-averaged molecular weight of 9100, with a polydispersity index of 1.31. The photoluminescence (PL) maximum of the polymer was found at 500 and 530 nm in solution and at 567 nm in the film state, respectively. The highest occupied molecular orbital (HOMO) level of PBDN was low (−5.38 eV, ultraviolet photoemission spectroscopy and cyclic voltammetry), and the solution-processed thin-film transistors (TFTs) prepared using this polymer only showed a minimal change in their performance (<15%) after air exposure for three months, thereby retaining a field-effect-transistor (FET) mobility of 0.02 cm2/(V s). This excellent air stability is superior to those of other solution-processed polymer-based OTFTs. Analysis of the thin-film structure by in situ grazing-incidence X-ray diffraction, near-edge X-ray absorption fine structure spectroscopy, and atomic force microscopy showed that not only the low HOMO level of PBDN but also the presence of close-packed frustrated structures in the polymer film were responsible for the superior stability of the devices. Photovoltaic performances of PBDN were also presented with a high open circuit voltage of 0.83 V and power conversion efficiency of 1.3% when blended with [6,6]-phenyl-C61-butyric acid methyl ester.
Power-Consumption Outage in Beyond Fifth Generation Mobile Communication Systems (2020)

One of the biggest problems facing future mobile systems beyond 5G (B5G) is the energy dissipation of mobile devices at high data rates. The heat generated by these devices can impact the performance as a result of a new type of outage called power-consumption outage. In this article, we propose a general definition of the power-consumption outage and describe its three features. Based on the heat transfer model in smartphones, the power-consumption outage probability is analyzed. Specifically, we derive the joint outage probability of channel and power-consumption outages in relation to the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR), communication duration, and initial temperature of the smartphone-back-plate. The joint outage probability is then used to obtain the upper bound of the maximum receiving rate of a typical smartphone. Furthermore, we propose and analyze the impact on the capacity of the power-consumption outage. Simulation results show that the power-consumption outage probability increases with an increase of SNR and with extension of the communication duration. The upper bound of the maximum receiving rate of a smartphone decreases with an extension of communication duration. Considering the joint outage probability, simulation results show that the outage capacities, i.e., channel and power-consumption outages, decrease with an increase of SNR after reaching a given capacity threshold.
Kaposi's sarcoma in a patient with SLE. (1986)

A 31-year-old woman with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) taking chronic corticosteroid therapy developed Kaposi's sarcoma. Three weeks after a single intravenous dose of cyclophosphamide for central nervous system vasculitis she died. Autopsy revealed disseminated Kaposi's sarcoma involving the skin and lung, as well as other visceral organs. This is the first case of widespread Kaposi's sarcoma developing in a patient with SLE.
3D Floorplanning with Thermal Vias (2006)

3D circuits have the potential to improve performance over traditional 2D circuits by reducing wirelength and interconnect delay. One major problem with 3D circuits is that their higher device density due to reduced footprint area leads to greater temperatures. Thermal vias are a potential solution to this problem. This paper presents a thermal via insertion algorithm that can be used to plan thermal via locations during floorplanning. The thermal via insertion algorithm relies on a new thermal analyzer based on random walk techniques. Experimental results show that, in many cases, considering thermal vias during floorplanning stages can significantly reduce the temperature of a 3D circuit
Optimal part deposition orientation in FDM by using a multicriteria genetic algorithm (2004)

In rapid prototyping processes, the deposition orientation of the part is very important as it affects part surface quality, production time and the requirement for support structure and hence cost. Depositing the part with thinner slices results in a larger build time. At the same time, if a large slice thickness is chosen, the surface finish is very poor due to stair-stepping. These are two contradicting issues and are tackled by using adaptive slicing. In adaptive slicing, slice thickness is calculated based on local geometry of the computer-aided design model and rapid proto-typing machine specifications. Even though adaptive slicing controls part surface quality by compromising on build time for a deposition orientation, an optimum orientation can further reduce build time and enhance part surface quality. In the present work, an attempt has been made to determine the optimal part deposition orientations by considering two objective functions at a time, namely average part surface roughness (average part surface quality) and build time. The two objectives are minimized simultaneously using a multicriteria genetic algorithm.
Lupus-specific antibodies reveal an altered pattern of somatic mutation. (1997)

The F4 idiotype is a heavy chain determinant expressed almost exclusively on IgG immunoglobulins and is highly associated with specificity for double-stranded DNA. Since high-titered F4 expression is present predominantly in sera of patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), we thought F4+ IgG antibodies might constitute a useful subset of immunoglobulins in which to investigate lupus-specific alterations in variable (V) region gene expression or in the process of somatic mutation. This molecular analysis of F4+ B cell lines generated from lupus patients demonstrates that despite the strong association of F4 reactivity with specificity for native DNA, there is no apparent VH gene restriction. Furthermore, VH gene segments encoding these antibodies are also used in protective immune responses. An examination of the process of somatic mutation in F4+ antibodies showed no abnormality in frequency of somatic mutation nor in the distribution of mutations in complementarity-determining regions or framework regions. However, there was a decrease in targeting of mutations to putative mutational hot spots. This subtle difference in mutations present in these antibodies may reflect an intrinsic defect in mutational machinery or, more likely, altered state of B cell activation that affects the mutational process and perhaps also negative selection.
Separating parsing and analysis in reverse engineering tools (2002)

The authors describe the lessons learned in extending the capabilities of a reverse engineering tool to analyze both an additional dialect of the language it was initially built to parse and a new embedded assembly language. The effort involved in this extension provides data to support the assertion that reverse engineering tools should create a clean separation between parsing the source code and analyzing it. A language independent modeling approach is discussed that will allow achieving this separation. Additional advantages that accrue by maintaining this separation, such as multiple language support and support for design recovery, are discussed.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
A Novel Speaker Verification Method (1999)

In this paper, on the basis of comparison of speaker verification and speaker identification, a novel speaker verification method is proposed. Compared to the conventional method, the speakerindependent speaker model is established to represent the universal feature of speech, and is used during the verification phase so that the decision threshold is adapted to different input speech and decided during verification phase. The difficulties of setting the decision threshold for the conventional method are alleviated by using the proposed method. Experiments show that this novel method can significantly decrease the false acceptance rate and the false rejection rate of a speaker verification system, providing a promising way for realizing practical speaker verification systems.
Handover in mobile communication networks: who is in control anyway? (2004)

The migration from 3rd generation mobile communication networks to 4th generation, purely IP-based networks leads to new chances, but also great risks for the traditional mobile network operators, as competition increases dramatically. While this competition potentially improves the cost-value ratio for mobile users, they might well find their freedom of seamless session mobility abruptly end at the administrative borders of wireless Internet service providers. We describe a possible and in our opinion likely scenario for future mobile wireless access, point out the inherent problem of current IP mobility management schemes when it comes to inter-provider handovers, have a look at why control over this process is currently shared between the network and the mobile end-devices, and describe approaches to shift the major part of control back to the user.
Fuzzy relational distance for large-scale object recognition (2002)

This paper presents a new similarity measure for object recognition from large libraries of line-patterns. The measure draws its inspiration from both the Hausdorff distance and a recently reported Bayesian consistency measure that has been successfully used for graph-based correspondence matching. The measure uses robust error-kernels to gauge the similarity of pair-wise attribute relations defined on the edges of nearest neighbour graphs. We use the similarity measure in a recognition experiment which involves a library of over 1000 line-patterns. A sensitivity study reveals that the method is capable of delivering a recognition accuracy of 98%. A comparative study reveals that the method is most effective when a Gaussian kernel or Huber's robust kernel is used to weight the attribute relations. Moreover, the method consistently outperforms Rucklidge's median Hausdorff distance (1995).
An alternative view on global radiotherapy optimization problems (2022)

Radiotherapy is one of the major forms in cancer treatment. The patient is irradiated with high-energetic photons or charged particles with the primary goal of delivering sufficiently high doses to the tumor tissue while simultaneously sparing the surrounding healthy tissue. The inverse search for the treatment plan giving the desired dose distribution is done by means of numerical optimization [11, Chapters 3-5]. For this purpose, the aspects of dose quality in the tissue are modeled as criterion functions, whose mathematical properties also affect the type of the corresponding optimization problem. Clinical practice makes frequent use of criteria that incorporate volumetric and spatial information about the shape of the dose distribution. The resulting optimization problems are of global type by empirical knowledge and typically computed with generic global solver concepts, see for example [16]. The development of good global solvers to compute radiotherapy optimization problems is an important topic of research in this application, however, the structural properties of the underlying criterion functions are typically not taken into account in this context.
Radical reactivity of α‐trifluoromethylstyrene (1988)

Abstract α‐Trifluoromethylstyrene (TFMST) does not undergo radical homopolymerization with azobis(isobutyronitrile) (AIBN) in bulk at 60°C. Low‐temperature initiation was not effective either. Radical copolymerization of TFMST ( M 2 ) with styrene (ST, M 1 ) has yielded monomer reactivity ratios as follows: r 1 = 0.60 and r 2 = 0.00. It has been found that the cyclohexyl radical generated by reaction of cyclohexylmercuric chloride with sodium borohydride adds to the β‐carbon of TFMST 7.5 times faster than that of ST. Combination of the copolymerization analysis and the “mercury method” has allowed us to estimate Alfrey–Price Q and e parameters for TFMST to be 0.43 and 0.90, respectively. Thus, due to the strongly electron‐withdrawing effect of the trifluoromethyl group, this styrene is highly electron deficient. In spite of the favorable electronic effect, however, the ceiling temperature appears very low, presumably due to the steric hindrance.
Local Patterns of Gradients for Face Recognition (2015)

We present a novel feature extraction method named local patterns of gradients (LPOGs) for robust face recognition. LPOG uses block-wised elliptical local binary patterns (BELBP), a refined variant of ELBP, and local phase quantization (LPQ) operators directly on gradient images for capturing local texture patterns to build up a feature vector of a face image. From one input image, two directional gradient images are computed. A symmetric pair of BELBP and a LPQ operator are then separately applied upon each gradient image to generate local patterns images. Histogram sequences of local patterns images' nonoverlapped subregions are finally concatenated to form the LPOG vector for the given image. Based on LPOG descriptor, we propose a novel face recognition system which exploits whitened principal component analysis (WPCA) for dimension reduction and weighted angle-based distance for classification. Experimental results on three large public databases (FERET, AR, and SCface) prove that LPOG WPCA system is robust against a wide range of challenges, such as illumination, expression, occlusion, pose, time-lapse variations, and low resolution. In addition, comparison with other systems shows that LPOG WPCA significantly outperforms the state-of-the-art methods. Computationally, timing benchmarks also demonstrate that our LPOG method is faster than many advanced feature extraction algorithms and can be applied in real-world applications.