gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Use of electrospinning and dynamic air focusing to create three-dimensional cell culture scaffolds in microfluidic devices (2016)

Organs-on-a-chip has emerged as a powerful tool for pharmacological and physiological studies. A key part in the construction of such a model is the ability to pattern or culture cells in a biomimetic fashion. Most of the reported cells-on-a-chip models integrate cells on a flat surface, which does not accurately represent the extracellular matrix that they experience in vivo. Electrospinning, a technique used to generate sub-micron diameter polymer fibers, has been used as an in vitro cell culture substrate and for tissue engineering applications. Electrospinning of fibers directly into a fully sealed fluidic channel using a conventional setup has not been possible due to issues of confining the fibers into a discrete network. In this work, a dynamic focusing method was developed, with this approach enabling direct deposition of electrospun fibers into a fully sealed fluidic channel, to act as a matrix for cell culture and subsequent studies under continuous flowing conditions. Scanning electron microscopy of electrospun polycaprolactone fibers shows that this method enables the formation of fibrous layers on the inner wall of a 3D-printed fluidic device (mean fiber size = 1.6 ± 0.6 μm and average pore size = 113 ± 19 μm(2)). Cells were able to be cultured in this 3D scaffold without the addition of adhesion proteins. Media was pumped through the channel at high flow rates (up to 400 μL min(-1)) during a dynamic cell culture process and both the fibers and the cells were found to be strongly adherent. A PDMS fluidic device was also prepared (from a 3D printed mold) and coated with polycaprolactone fibers. The PDMS device enables optical detection and confocal imaging of cultured cells on the fibers. Finally, macrophages were cultured in the devices to study how the fibrous scaffold can affect cell behavior. It was found that under lipopolysaccharide stimulation, macrophages cultured on PCL fibers inside of a channel secreted significantly more cytokines than those cultured on a thin layer of PCL in a channel or directly on the inner channel wall. Overall, this study represents a new approach for in vitro cell studies, where electrospinning can be used to easily and quickly create 3D scaffolds that can improve the culture conditions in microfluidic devices.
Improved radical stability of viologen anolytes in aqueous organic redox flow batteries (2018)

A high voltage (1.38 V) total organic aqueous redox flow battery is reported using 1,1'-bis[3-(trimethylammonio)propyl]-4,4'-bipyridinium tetrachloride ((NPr)2V) as an anolyte and 4-trimethylammonium-TEMPO chloride (NMe-TEMPO) as a catholyte. The exceptional radical stability of [(NPr)2V]+˙ enabled the flow battery in achieving 97.48% capacity retention for 500 cycles and a power density of 128.2 mW cm-2.
A Pilot Cross-Over Study to Assess theHuman Bio Availability of â??Cureitâ? A BioAvailable Curcumin in Complete NaturalMatrix (2015)

Curcumin is a safe, effective and potential compound, finds its application as an ingredient for foods and medicines. In order to be effective as a medicine, it has to be more bio available than usual forms. Even though the concentration by composition is increased, it cannot be absorbed to the body- but, some formulations can. Curcumin is found to have potential benefits on treatment and prevention of several diseases. But, the low bioavailability makes a barrier for its use. Cureit, a novel bio available Curcumin formulation, have developed naturally, of which, bioavailability is compared with that of normal Curcumin. It is found to be >10 fold more bio available than the normal Curcumin.
High Performance Magnetic Separation Technology for Microtiter Plates, Microarrays, Single Molecule Manipulation and Beyond (2005)

Hybrid magnetic technology is in use in production and R&D molecular separation processes by the DOE Joint Genome Institute and is in continuing development at Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory. Its fields of applicability range from genomics, proteomics and single molecule microscopy to bio-medical and general industrial processes. The applications for this technology are constantly expanding. In addition to existing, production hybrid magnet plates for 384-well microtiter plate applications; new designs have been developed for 96-well, 384-well, 1536-well and deep well plates. These new, more advanced, second-generation magnet plates incorporate higher performance core structures that deliver higher fields and stronger gradients for faster drawdown and greater holding power for more robust processes. Field measurements of new prototypes have shown peak fields in excess of 11000 gauss. Development has proceeded on 1536-well magnetic structures that also have applicability for high-efficiency microarray processes. A newer field of application for hybrid structures is single molecule magnetic manipulation or magnetic tweezers. This technology has significant advantages over laser capture/manipulation techniques and has the ability to cover a manipulation force range from zero to that of atomic force microscope levels. A number of successful prototypes have been built at LBNL and are now in use at various institutions.In addition to established applications, hybrid magnetic technology shows promise in other areas such as bio-medical treatment techniques and industrial applications. This technology is currently being made available to industry through the Tech Transfer Department at Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory.
Neural networks within multi-core optic fibers (2016)

Hardware implementation of artificial neural networks facilitates real-time parallel processing of massive data sets. Optical neural networks offer low-volume 3D connectivity together with large bandwidth and minimal heat production in contrast to electronic implementation. Here, we present a conceptual design for in-fiber optical neural networks. Neurons and synapses are realized as individual silica cores in a multi-core fiber. Optical signals are transferred transversely between cores by means of optical coupling. Pump driven amplification in erbium-doped cores mimics synaptic interactions. We simulated three-layered feed-forward neural networks and explored their capabilities. Simulations suggest that networks can differentiate between given inputs depending on specific configurations of amplification; this implies classification and learning capabilities. Finally, we tested experimentally our basic neuronal elements using fibers, couplers, and amplifiers, and demonstrated that this configuration implements a neuron-like function. Therefore, devices similar to our proposed multi-core fiber could potentially serve as building blocks for future large-scale small-volume optical artificial neural networks.
Lupeol is a novel agent for skin cancer chemoprevention: Modulation of NFκB and Akt pathways. (2004)

3152 Chemoprevention has come of age as an effective cancer control modality, however, the search for novel agent(s) for the armamentarium of cancer chemoprevention continues. We argue that agents capable to inhibit promotion stage of tumorigenesis with ability to intervene at more than one critical pathway in the tumorigenesis process will have greater advantage over other single-target agents. Lupeol [Lup-20 (29)-en-3 β-ol], a triterpene is the principal constituent of common fruit plants such as olive, mango, fig and medicinal herbs that have been used to treat skin aliments. Lupeol has been reported to possess a wide range of medicinal properties both under in vitro and in vivo conditions that include strong anti-oxidant, anti-mutagenic, anti-inflammatory, anti-malarial and anti-arthritic effects. Lupeol has been shown to afford protection against benzoyl peroxide induced toxicity in mouse skin. In the present study, we evaluated whether lupeol possess anti-tumor promoting effects in a mouse skin tumorigenesis model. We first determined the effect of topical application of lupeol to CD-1 mouse against 12-O-tetradecanoyl- phorbol-13-acetate (TPA)- induced conventional markers, and other novel markers of skin tumor promotion. We found that topical application of lupeol (1- 2 mg / mouse) 30 min prior to TPA (3.2 nmole/mouse) application onto the skin of CD-1 mice afforded significant inhibition, in a time and dose-dependent manner, against TPA-mediated increase in (i) skin edema and hyperplasia, and (ii) epidermal ornithine decarboxylase (ODC) activity and protein expression of ODC, cycloxygenase-2 and nitric oxide synthase. Because of the role of nuclear factor kappa B (NFκB) and phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K) /Akt signaling in tumor promotion, we next determined the effect of topical application of lupeol to mouse skin against these signaling pathways. We found that lupeol treatment to mouse skin resulted in inhibition of TPA-induced (i) activation of PI3K, (ii) phosphorylation of Akt at Thr308, (iii) activation of NFκB and IKKα, and degradation of IKBα. We next assessed the effect of skin application of lupeol on TPA-induced skin tumor promotion in 7, 12-dimethybenz(a)anthracene-initiated CD-1 mouse. The animals pretreated with lupeol showed significantly reduced tumor incidence, lower tumor body burden and a significant delay in the latency period for tumor appearance. At the termination of the experiment at 28 weeks, 100% of the animals in TPA treated group exhibited 7-8 tumors / mouse whereas only 53% of the mice receiving lupeol prior to TPA treatment exhibited 1-3 tumors /mouse. These results for the first time provide evidence that lupeol possesses anti-skin-tumor promoting effects in CD-1 mouse and being capable to inhibit conventional as well as novel biomarkers of tumor promotion. We suggest that lupeol must also be evaluated in tumor models other than skin carcinogenesis.
Improvement of Rheological and Baking Properties of Cake Batters with Emulsifier Gels (2004)

ABSTRACT: Effect of emulsifier gels prepared using sodium stearoyl‐2 lactylate (SSL), distilled glycerol monostearate (DGMS), propylene glycol monostearate (PGMS), polysorbate‐60 (PS‐60), and sorbitan monostearate (SMS) in shortening medium and on the physical properties of cake batter and the quality of cake were studied. Both storage modulus (G') and loss modulus (G”) of batters containing emulsifier gels increased compared with the control. The evaluation of cake batters for batter density showed that the emulsifier gels decreased the batter density from 0.95 g/cm3 for the control to 0.85 g/cm3. The photomicrographs of cake batters with different emulsifier gels showed an increase in the number of air bubbles, which were evenly distributed when compared with the control, indicating a lighter batter and better air incorporation. Among the emulsifier gels, cakes with PS‐60 gel showed a maximum increase in specific volume followed by cakes with SSL, DGMS, PGMS, and SMS gels.
Robust Scheduling of Time-Constrained Dual-Arm Cluster Tools With Wafer Revisiting and Activity Time Disturbance (2017)

Wafer revisiting and residency time constraints complicate the scheduling problem of cluster tools in semiconductor manufacturing. Random disturbance to the activity time in operating a tool further complicates such a scheduling problem. To solve this challenging problem, this paper proposes a robust real-time schedule which consists of a real-time controller (RTC) and an off-line schedule. The former is developed to offset the activity time disturbance such that the wafer sojourn time fluctuation in a process module is minimized. With the RTC, to find the off-line schedule, necessary and sufficient schedulability conditions under which a feasible schedule exists are derived and these conditions can be easily checked. Then, the off-line schedule can be efficiently found by the proposed algorithms based on nondisturbed activity time if a feasible schedule exists. With the obtained real-time schedule, it is shown that the productivity of the system is maximized. Finally, examples are used to illustrate the proposed approach.
Efficient Software HEVC to AVS2 Transcoding (2016)

The second generation of Audio and Video coding Standard (AVS) is developed by the IEEE 1857 Working Group under project 1857.4 and was standardized in 2016 by the AVS Working Group of China as the new broadcasting standard AVS2. High Efficient Video Coding (HEVC) is the newest global video coding standard announced in 2013. More and more codings are migrating from H.264/AVC to HEVC because of its higher compression performance. In this paper, we propose an efficient HEVC to AVS2 transcoding algorithm, which applies a multi-stage decoding information utilization framework to maximize the usage of the decoding information in the transcoding process. The proposed algorithm achieves 11×–17× speed gains over the AVS2 reference software RD 14.0 with a modest BD-rate loss of 9.6%–16.6%.
Inside Cover: A Route to Three‐Dimensional Structures in a Microfluidic Device: Stop‐Flow Interference Lithography (Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 47/2007) (2007)

Stop-flow interference lithography inside a poly(dimethylsiloxane) microfluidic device is described by E. L. Thomas, P. S. Doyle, and co-workers in their Communication on page 9027 ff. This new route enables the fabrication of large numbers of three-dimensionally patterned, mask-defined, polymeric particles with sub-micrometer features. A wide range of monomers can be used to create complex overall particle shapes that have designed interior architectures and porosities.
Anti-E-cadherin antibody dissolves metastatic lymphovascular emboli in an inflammatory breast cancer xenograft model (2000)

Tomlinson, James S M.D.; Nguyen, Mai M.D.; Eilber, Frederick M.D., FACS; Barsky, Sanford H M.D. Author Information
Experimental demonstration of composite-packet-switched WDM network (2003)

We propose and demonstrate experimentally a novel technique for packet switching on a ring network. We use the wavelength dimension to increase the transmission line rate and a novel packet-stacking technique to add/drop packets. Packet stacking is used for transport rate multiplication and for equal loading of wavelengths on the physical layer. Packet stacking, switching, and unstacking have been successfully demonstrated on a four-node hubbed ring network serving five source-destination pairs on four wavelengths. Each wavelength was running at 1-Gb/s bit rate.
Automated bolus chase peripheral MR angiography: Initial practical experiences and future directions of this work-in-progress (1999)

Bolus chase 3-dimensional MR angiography (3D MRA) is a recent development that extends the effective field of view for arterial imaging from the typical single 40-50 cm to over 100 cm. This technique is well suited for imaging long vascular territories such as the lower extremity. Bolus chase peripheral 3D MRA is achieved with overlapping 3D gradient-echo scans during the arterial transit of a single intravenous injection of gadolinium-chelate contrast media. This technique can depict the arteries from the infrarenal aorta to the ankles in less than 2 minutes. The initial experiences with bolus chase peripheral MRA using an automated algorithm that controls both table translation and 3D data acquisition are described. Suggestions for future refinements to the technique are also discussed.
Freestanding Macroporous Silicon and Pyrolyzed Polyacrylonitrile As a Composite Anode for Lithium Ion Batteries (2012)

Silicon continues to draw great interest as an anode material for lithium ion batteries due to its large specific capacity for lithium. Macroporous silicon produced by electrochemical etching is one of several anode materials of interest, but its energy density is oftentimes limited due to its attachment to an unreactive silicon substrate. Here, we present a novel “lift-off” method by which a freestanding macroporous silicon film (MPSF) is electrochemically detached from the underlying bulk silicon and combined with pyrolyzed polyacrylonitrile (PAN), a conductive polymer that forms a conjugated-chain chemical structure. We report the performance of these silicon thin films with and without pyrolyzed PAN.
The Neuronal Nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptor α2 Subunit Gene Promoter Is Activated by the Brn-3b POU Family Transcription Factor and Not by Brn-3a or Brn-3c (1995)

The regulatory region of the neuronal nicotinic acetylcholine receptor alpha 2 subunit gene, which contains six copies of the octamer-related sequence CCCCATGCAAT, is activated by the Brn-3b POU family transcription factor but not by the closely related factors Brn-3a and Brn-3c. This effect is in contrast to the previously documented inhibitory effect of Brn-3b on octamer-containing promoters that are activated by Brn-3a and Brn-3c. Activation of the alpha 2 gene by Brn-3b requires that both the POU domain and other N-terminal sequences are derived from Brn-3b and is dependent on the intactness of the alpha 2 gene regulatory region, being lost in truncated derivatives containing one, two, or four copies of the octamer-related sequence. Surprisingly, however, these truncated derivatives are activated by Brn-3c. These effects are discussed in terms of both the influence of the target sequence and its context in the promoter on activation by the various forms of Brn-3 as well as of the processes that restrict expression of the alpha 2 subunit gene to a few cells in the nervous system.
Data from Small Molecule Inhibition of GDC-0449 Refractory Smoothened Mutants and Downstream Mechanisms of Drug Resistance (2023)

<div>Abstract<p>Inappropriate Hedgehog (Hh) signaling has been directly linked to medulloblastoma (MB), a common malignant brain tumor in children. GDC-0449 is an Hh pathway inhibitor (HPI) currently under clinical investigation as an anticancer agent. Treatment of a MB patient with GDC-0449 initially regressed tumors, but this individual ultimately relapsed with a D473H resistance mutation in Smoothened (SMO), the molecular target of GDC-0449. To explore the role of the mutated aspartic acid residue in SMO function, we substituted D473 with every amino acid and found that all functional mutants were resistant to GDC-0449, with positively charged residues conferring potential oncogenic properties. Alanine scan mutagenesis of SMO further identified E518 as a novel prospective mutation site for GDC-0449 resistance. To overcome this form of acquired resistance, we screened a panel of chemically diverse HPIs and identified several antagonists with potent <i>in vitro</i> activity against these GDC-0449–resistant SMO mutants. The bis-amide compound 5 was of particular interest, as it was able to inhibit tumor growth mediated by drug resistant SMO in a murine allograft model of MB. However, focal amplifications of the Hh pathway transcription factor <i>Gli2</i> and the Hh target gene cyclin D1 (<i>Ccnd1</i>) were observed in two additional resistant models, indicating that resistance may also occur downstream of SMO. Importantly, these HPI resistant MB allografts retained their sensitivity to PI3K inhibition, presenting additional opportunities for the treatment of such tumors. <i>Cancer Res; 71(2); 435–44. ©2010 AACR</i>.</p></div>
Novel Sub-character HMM Models for Arabic Text Recognition (2013)

Hidden Markov Model (HMM) is one of the most widely used classifier for text recognition. In this paper we are presenting novel sub-character HMM models for Arabic text recognition. Modeling at sub-character level allows sharing of common patterns between different contextual forms of Arabic characters as well as between different characters. The number of HMMs gets reduced considerably while still capturing the variations in shape patterns. This results in a compact and efficient recognizer with reduced model set and is expected to be more robust to the imbalance in data distribution. Experimental results using the sub-character model based recognition of handwritten Arabic text as well printed Arabic text are reported.
Optical control of photon tunneling through an array of nanometer-scale cylindrical channels (2002)

We report observation of photon tunneling gated by light at a different wavelength in an artificially created array of nanometer-scale cylindrical channels in a thick gold film. Polarization properties of gated light provide strong proof of the enhanced nonlinear optical mixing in nanometric channels involved in the process. This suggests the possibility of building a class of ``gated'' photon tunneling devices for massive parallel all-optical signal and image processing.
Allosteric Regulators of the Proteasome: Potential Drugs and a Novel Approach for Drug Design (2005)

The proteasome recently gained an exceptional attention as a novel drug target, therefore its inhibitors became important subjects for rational drug design. A synthetic competitive inhibitor Velcade was lately approved in a fast-track process to treat multiple myeloma and is tested with other types of cancers. The proteasome is a major proteolytic assembly in eukaryotic cells responsible for the degradation of most intracellular proteins, including proteins crucial to cell cycle regulation and apoptosis. The ubiquitin-proteasome pathway has been implicated in many diseases such as cancer, autoimmune diseases, inflammation, and stroke. The activity of the proteasome can be blocked for therapeutic purposes with competitive inhibitors like Velcade, which trigger apoptosis in target cells. However, much more versatile outcomes and a true control of the proteasome can be achieved with allosteric regulators. Certain natural proteins and peptides bind to the catalytic core of the proteasome and allosterically induce a wide array of effects ranging from changes in product size to substrate-specific inhibition. Designing small synthetic compounds allosterically interacting with the proteasome represents a novel approach that has enormous potential for the treatment of a wide range of diseases. Below we provide a review of current knowledge about proteasomal allosteric ligands.
<title>Low-cost, high-resolution telescopes for imaging low-earth-orbit satellites</title> (1990)

Telescopes designed for non-conventional imaging of near-earth satellites must follow a unique set of design rules. Costs must be reduced substantially and the design must accommodate a technique to circumvent the atmospheric distortions of the image. Apertures to 12 meters and beyond are required along with alt-alt mounts providing high tracking rates. A novel design for such a telescope has been generated which is optimized for speckle imaging. Its mount closely resembles a radar mount and it does not employ the conventional dome. Costs for this design are projected to be considerably reduced compared to conventional designs. Results of a detailed design study will be presented. Applications to astronomy will be discussed.
Linearly Dispersive Delay Lines at Microwave Frequencies Using Magnetostatic Waves (1979)

Calculations with confirmatory experimental results are presented which show that all three types of magnetostatic wave (forward, backward and surface) may be made to show an approximately linear group delay variation over some frequency range. Specific results are presented for magnetostatic waves propagating in epitaxial YIG films at S- and X-band frequencies. Depending on the type of wave and the YIG thickness the differential group delays were found to range from tens to hundreds of nanoseconds with bandwidths of linearity from 0.5 to 1.2 GHz.