gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
White-Light Whispering-Gallery-Mode Optical Resonators (2006)

Whispering-gallery-mode (WGM) optical resonators can be designed to exhibit continuous spectra over wide wavelength bands (in effect, white-light spectra), with ultrahigh values of the resonance quality factor (Q) that are nearly independent of frequency. White-light WGM resonators have potential as superior alternatives to (1) larger, conventional optical resonators in ring-down spectroscopy, and (2) optical-resonator/electro-optical-modulator structures used in coupling of microwave and optical signals in atomic clocks. In these and other potential applications, the use of white-light WGM resonators makes it possible to relax the requirement of high-frequency stability of lasers, thereby enabling the use of cheaper lasers. In designing a white-light WGM resonator, one exploits the fact that the density of the mode spectrum increases predictably with the thickness of the resonator disk. By making the resonator disk sufficiently thick, one can make the frequency differences between adjacent modes significantly less than the spectral width of a single mode, so that the spectral peaks of adjacent modes overlap, making the resonator spectrum essentially continuous. Moreover, inasmuch as the Q values of the various modes are determined primarily by surface Rayleigh scattering that does not depend on mode numbers, all the modes have nearly equal Q. By use of a proper coupling technique, one can ensure excitation of a majority of the modes. For an experimental demonstration of a white-light WGM resonator, a resonator disk 0.5-mm thick and 5 mm in diameter was made from CaF2. The shape of the resonator and the fiberoptic coupling arrangement were as shown in Figure 1. The resonator was excited with laser light having a wavelength of 1,320 nm and a spectral width of 4 kHz. The coupling efficiency exceeded 80 percent at any frequency to which the laser could be set in its tuning range, which was >100-GHz wide. The resonator response was characterized by means of ring-down tests in which the excitation was interrupted by a shutter having a rise and a fall time of 5 ns. The ring-down time of photodiodes and associated circuitry used to measure the interrupted excitation and the resonator output was <1 ns. Figure 2 shows the shapes of representative input and output light pulses. The average ring-down time was found to be 120 ns, corresponding to Q=2x10(exp 8). The variations of Q with the laser carrier frequency were found to be <5 percent. Hence, the resonator was shown to have the desired white light properties.
Chemical Synthesis and Immunological Evaluation of <i>Helicobacter pylori</i> Serotype O6 Tridecasaccharide O‐Antigen Containing a <scp>dd</scp>‐Heptoglycan (2020)

Abstract The development of glycoconjugate vaccines against Helicobacter pylori is challenging. An exact epitope of the H. pylori lipo‐polysaccharide (LPS) O‐antigens that contain Lewis determinant oligosaccharides and unique dd ‐heptoglycans has not yet been identified. Reported here is the first total synthesis of H. pylori serotype O6 tridecasaccharide O‐antigen containing a terminal Le y tetrasaccharide, a unique α‐(1→3)‐, α‐(1→6)‐, and α‐(1→2)‐linked heptoglycan, and a β‐ d ‐galactose connector, by an [(2×1)+(3+8)] assembly sequence. Seven oligosaccharides covering different portions of the entire O‐antigen were prepared for immunological investigations with a particular focus on elucidation of the roles of the dd ‐heptoglycan and Le y tetrasaccharide. Glycan microarray analysis of sera from rabbits immunized with isolated serotype O6 LPS revealed a humoral immune response to the α‐(1→3)‐linked heptoglycan, a key motif for designing glycoconjugate vaccines for H. pylori serotype O6.
Cripto Is a Noncompetitive Activin Antagonist That Forms Analogous Signaling Complexes with Activin and Nodal (2007)

Cripto plays critical roles during embryogenesis and has been implicated in promoting the growth and spread of tumors. Cripto is required for signaling by certain transforming growth factor-beta superfamily members, such as Nodal, but also antagonizes others, such as activin. The opposing effects of Cripto on Nodal and activin signaling seem contradictory, however, because these closely related ligands utilize the same type I (ALK4) and type II (ActRII/IIB) receptors. Here, we have addressed this apparent paradox by demonstrating that Cripto forms analogous receptor complexes with Nodal and activin and functions as a noncompetitive activin antagonist. Our results show that activin-A and Nodal elicit similar maximal signaling responses in the presence of Cripto that are substantially lower than that of activin-A in the absence of Cripto. In addition, we provide biochemical evidence for complexes containing activin-A, Cripto, and both receptor types and show that the assembly of such complexes is competitively inhibited by Nodal. We further demonstrate that Nodal and activin-A share the same binding site on ActRII and that ALK4 has distinct and separable binding sites for activin-A and Cripto. Finally, we show that ALK4 mutants with disrupted activin-A binding retain Cripto binding and prevent the effects of Cripto on both activin-A and Nodal signaling. Together, our data indicate that Cripto facilitates Nodal signaling and inhibits activin signaling by forming receptor complexes with these ligands that are structurally and functionally similar.
Diffuse Imaging: Creating Optical Images With Unfocused Time-Resolved Illumination and Sensing (2011)

Conventional imaging uses steady-state illumination and light sensing with focusing optics; variations of the light field with time are not exploited. We develop a signal processing framework for estimating the reflectance of a Lambertian planar surface in a known position using omnidirectional, time-varying illumination and unfocused, time-resolved sensing in place of traditional optical elements such as lenses and mirrors. Our model associates time sampling of the intensity of light incident at each sensor with a linear functional of . The discrete-time samples are processed to obtain -regularized estimates of . Improving on previous work, using nonimpulsive, bandlimited light sources instead of impulsive illumination significantly improves signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) and reconstruction quality. Our simulations suggest that practical diffuse imaging applications may be realized with commercially-available temporal light intensity modulators and sensors used in standard optical communication systems.
Making the Seismic Hydraulic Vibrator Better (2010)

The results of improvements to the physical design of a seismic Vibrator are shown. These improvements lead to improved low and high frequency energy levels, improved Vibrator control under variable ground conditions and an improvement in the weighted sum signal such that it better matches the ground force, or source signature, of the Vibrator. These improvements will lead directly to significantly better seismic data in a variety of terrains.
Interfacial Synthesis in the Preparation of Reverse Osmosis Membranes (1981)

Abstract Reverse osmosis membranes are currently finding increasing use in the production of potable water from salt-laden water sources, and in the purification and recycle of industrial process waters. Most reverse osmosis membranes are comprised either of polyamide hollow fibers or cellulose acetate sheet films. A new type of reverse osmosis membrane, made by the interfacial synthesis of ultrathin membranes directly on microporous support media, is being explored. Two types of interfacially formed membranes are specifically described. One is based on an ultrathin polyamide barrier layer made by interfacial reaction of polyethylenimine with isophthaloyl chloride. The barrier material is supported by a heat-polymerized intermediate zone of polyethylenimine, supported in turn by a microporous polysulfone substrate. The second membrane consists of a polyamide formed from piperazine and a mixed acyl halide reagent. This nonpolymeric amine leads to a different surface texture and the absence of an intermediate zone between the barrier film and the microporous polysulfone substrate. This latter membrane exhibits excellent water fluxes (as high as 4.0 m3/m2 -day at 100 atm) under seawater reverse osmosis test conditions, and shows very high rejection (99+%) of inorganic salts containing polyvalent anions. Differences in the morphology of the salt barrier layers for these two cases are described, and the resulting effects on membrane desalination properties are discussed.
A Rationally Engineered Capsid Variant of AAV9 for Systemic CNS-Directed and Peripheral Tissue-Detargeted Gene Delivery in Neonates (2018)

Adeno-associated virus (AAV) has provided the gene therapy field with the most powerful <i>in vivo</i> gene delivery vector to realize safe, efficacious, and sustainable therapeutic gene expression. Because many clinically relevant properties of AAV-based vectors are governed by the capsid, much research effort has been devoted to the development of AAV capsids for desired features. Here, we combine AAV capsid discovery from nature and rational engineering to report an AAV9 capsid variant, designated as AAV9.HR, which retains AAV9's capability to traverse the blood-brain barrier and transduce neurons. This variant shows reduced transduction in peripheral tissues when delivered through intravascular (IV) injection into neonatal mice. Therefore, when IV AAV delivery is used to treat CNS diseases, AAV9.HR has the advantage of mitigating potential off-target effects in peripheral tissues compared to AAV9. We also demonstrate that AAV9.HR is suitable for peripheral tissue-detargeted CNS-directed gene therapy in a mouse model of a fatal pediatric leukodystrophy. In light of recent success with profiling diversified natural AAV capsid repertoires and the understanding of AAV capsid sequence-structure-function relationship, such a combinatory approach to AAV capsid development is expected to further improve vector targeting and expand the vector toolbox for therapeutic gene delivery.
<title>Improved cell design for Schottky barrier infrared detector arrays</title> (1995)

The responsivity of large scale platinum silicide arrays, having small pixels, is low compared to the responsivity of large area test diodes fabricated on the same wafer. Often, the responsivity loss is described by assigning a lower Fowler emission coefficient to the detectors. We find the reduced responsivity to be the direct result of a reduction in the effective active area of the detector. This reduction in effective active area becomes more pronounced as the detector cell size is reduced. We provide a simple model for the area reduction in terms of modulation of detector Schottky potential by the underlying depletion region of the detector guard ring. We also suggest changes in the detector array unit cell design, which will maximize responsivity.
Conceptual design for robotic arm wrestling (2005)

Senior welfare problems become more and more serious in modern civilized societies. It is important to assist the senior to keep their physical and mental health in order to lessen social welfare cost and to improve the quality of life of them. This paper presents the conceptual design of a robotic arm wrestling system that is an intelligent exercise machine to help the senior physically and mentally. This robotic machine is intended to perform arm wrestling games with seniors on a table. The robotic machine will determine randomly the winner (robot or human) and the scenario. The proposed scenario generates game process that the arm-wrestler cannot predict in advance and arm wrestler's will influences it.
A Novel Route to Poly(ether ketone)—Polycondensate Block Copolymers (1992)

Poly (etherketones) containing ester groups were synthesized and transesterified with an aromatic polycarbonate to give block copolymers. Block copolymer formation was proven using SEC, film studies, DSC, DMA, and TEM. The poly(etherketone) / polycarbonate block copolymers formed clear films whereas the analogous blends were cloudy and macrophase separated. The block copolymers exhibited only a single Tg as measured by DSC but further DMA and TEM studies showed the block copolymers to be microphase separated. The domains were = 10 nm. The block copolymers showed synergistic physical properties superior to the analogous blends.
Consistency in a Stream Warehouse (2011)

A stream warehouse is a Data Stream Management System (DSMS) that stores a very long history, e.g. years or decades; or equivalently a data warehouse that is continuously loaded. A stream warehouse enables queries that seamlessly range from realtime alerting and diagnostics to long-term data mining. However, continuously loading data from uncontrolled sources into a realtime stream warehouse introduces a new consistency problem: users want results in as timely a fashion as possible, but “stable” results often require lengthy synchronization delays. In this paper we develop a theory of consistency for stream warehouses that allows for multiple consistency levels, we show how to restrict query answers to a given consistency level, and we show how warehouse maintenance can be optimized using knowledge of the consistency levels required by materialized views. 1.
Use of Amantadine as Substrate for SSAT-1 Activity as A Reliable Clinical Diagnostic Assay for Breast and Lung Cancer (2018)

The high urine concentration of AA could be used as a simple and useful test for the detection of breast and lung cancer.
Patterning Metal Nanowire-Based Transparent Electrodes by Seed Particle Printing (2017)

This article describes a unique combination of inkjet printing of functional materials with an intricate self-assembly process. Gold-silver nanowire (NW) mesh films were produced by a sequential deposition process, in which small metal seed nanoparticle film was deposited at desired areas by inkjet printing, followed by coating with a thin film of NW growth solution. Two different types of NW growth solutions were used: the first, based on benzylhexadecyldimethylammonium chloride, exhibited a bulk solution growth mode and was thus suitable for coverage of large uniform areas. The second type was based on hexadecyltrimethylammonium bromide, which induced NW growth confined to the substrate-solution interface and thus enabled patterning of small transparent electrode features, which have the same dimensions as the deposited seed droplets. A selective silver plating bath was used to thicken the ultrathin NWs, stabilize them, and reduce the sheet resistance, resulting in films with sheet resistance in the range of 20-300 Ω/sq, 86-95% light transmission, and a relatively low haze. This simple patterning method of the NW film works at ambient conditions on many different types of substrates and has the potential to replace the conventional photolithography used for indium tin oxide patterning for applications such as touch sensors and flexible/stretchable electronics.
P‐177L: <i>Late‐News Poster</i> : Development of High Strength Chemically Strengthened Glass (2014)

Abstract Newly developed chemically strengthened glass, T2X‐1, is demonstrated. T2X‐1 has high strength and excellent ion‐exchange properties. Fracture strength of T2X‐1 is 20% higher than conventional Alumino‐silicate glass (CX‐01). T2X‐1 has twice as fast ion‐exchange speed and durable compressive stress against four times more Na + contamination in molten KNO 3 than conventional Alumino‐silicate glass (CX‐01).
Fluxonic Processing of Photonic Synapse Events (2019)

Much of the information processing performed by a biological neuron occurs in the dendritic tree. For artificial neural systems using light for communication, it is advantageous to convert signals to the electronic domain at synaptic terminals, so dendritic computation can be performed with electrical circuits. Here, we present circuits based on Josephson junctions and mutual inductors that act as dendrites, processing signals from synapses receiving single-photon communication events with superconducting detectors. We show simulations of circuits performing basic temporal filtering, logical operations, and nonlinear transfer functions. We further show how the synaptic signal from a single photon can fan out locally in the electronic domain to enable the dendrites of the receiving neuron to process a photonic synapse event or pulse train in multiple different ways simultaneously. Such a technique makes efficient use of photons, energy, space and information.
Characterization of the Anti–PD-1 Antibody REGN2810 and Its Antitumor Activity in Human <i>PD-1</i> Knock-In Mice (2017)

Abstract The Programmed Death-1 (PD-1) receptor delivers inhibitory checkpoint signals to activated T cells upon binding to its ligands PD-L1 and PD-L2 expressed on antigen-presenting cells and cancer cells, resulting in suppression of T-cell effector function and tumor immune evasion. Clinical antibodies blocking the interaction between PD-1 and PD-L1 restore the cytotoxic function of tumor antigen-specific T cells, yielding durable objective responses in multiple cancers. This report describes the preclinical characterization of REGN2810, a fully human hinge-stabilized IgG4(S228P) high-affinity anti–PD-1 antibody that potently blocks PD-1 interactions with PD-L1 and PD-L2. REGN2810 was characterized in a series of binding, blocking, and functional cell-based assays, and preclinical in vivo studies in mice and monkeys. In cell-based assays, REGN2810 reverses PD-1–dependent attenuation of T-cell receptor signaling in engineered T cells and enhances responses of human primary T cells. To test the in vivo activity of REGN2810, which does not cross-react with murine PD-1, knock-in mice were generated to express a hybrid protein containing the extracellular domain of human PD-1, and transmembrane and intracellular domains of mouse PD-1. In these mice, REGN2810 binds the humanized PD-1 receptor and inhibits growth of MC38 murine tumors. As REGN2810 binds to cynomolgus monkey PD-1 with high affinity, pharmacokinetic and toxicologic assessment of REGN2810 was performed in cynomolgus monkeys. High doses of REGN2810 were well tolerated, without adverse immune-related effects. These preclinical studies validate REGN2810 as a potent and promising candidate for cancer immunotherapy. Mol Cancer Ther; 16(5); 861–70. ©2017 AACR.
Development of a Novel Noncompetitive Antagonist of IL-1 Receptor (2008)

IL-1 is a major proinflammatory cytokine which interacts with the IL-1 receptor I (IL-1RI) complex, composed of IL-1RI and IL-1R accessory protein subunits. Currently available strategies to counter pathological IL-1 signaling rely on a recombinant IL-1 receptor antagonist, which directly competes with IL-1 for its binding site. Presently, there are no small antagonists of the IL-1RI complex. Given this void, we derived 15 peptides from loops of IL-1R accessory protein, which are putative interactive sites with the IL-1RI subunit. In this study, we substantiate the merits of one of these peptides, rytvela (we termed "101.10"), as an inhibitor of IL-1R and describe its properties consistent with those of an allosteric negative modulator. 101.10 (IC(50) approximately 1 nM) blocked human thymocyte proliferation in vitro, and demonstrated robust in vivo effects in models of hyperthermia and inflammatory bowel disease as well as topically in contact dermatitis, superior to corticosteroids and IL-1ra; 101.10 did not bind to IL-1RI deficient cells and was ineffective in vivo in IL-1RI knockout mice. Importantly, characterization of 101.10, revealed noncompetitive antagonist actions and functional selectivity by blocking certain IL-1R pathways while not affecting others. Findings describe the discovery of a potent and specific small (peptide) antagonist of IL-1RI, with properties in line with an allosteric negative modulator.
On angular-domain channel estimation for one-bit massive MIMO systems with fixed and time-varying thresholds (2017)

This paper considers angular-domain channel estimation for massive MIMO systems with one-bit analog-to-digital converters (ADCs) at base stations. We characterize analytical performance, in terms of the Cramer-Rao bound (CRB), on estimating the two-dimensional channel matrix (including angle-of-departure, angle-of-arrival and associated channel path gains) in the angular-domain representation. Our analysis provides a simple tool to compare channel estimation performance among several one-bit quantization schemes. We demonstrate that, with a fixed zero-threshold and when the noise variance is unknown, the Fisher information matrix becomes singular due to an ambiguity between the channel path gain and noise variance. This ambiguity can be removed if one-bit ADCs use a non-zero or a time-varying threshold quantization scheme. Numerical results are provided for performance verification as a function of SNR and the number of pilots.
Noncontact Elastic Wave Imaging Optical Coherence Elastography for Evaluating Changes in Corneal Elasticity Due to Crosslinking (2015)

The mechanical properties of tissues can provide valuable information about tissue integrity and health and can assist in detecting and monitoring the progression of diseases such as keratoconus. Optical coherence elastography (OCE) is a rapidly emerging technique, which can assess localized mechanical contrast in tissues with micrometer spatial resolution. In this work we present a noncontact method of optical coherence elastography to evaluate the changes in the mechanical properties of the cornea after UV-induced collagen cross-linking. A focused air-pulse induced a low amplitude (μm scale) elastic wave, which then propagated radially and was imaged in three dimensions by a phase-stabilized swept source optical coherence tomography (PhS-SSOCT) system. The elastic wave velocity was translated to Young's modulus in agar phantoms of various concentrations. Additionally, the speed of the elastic wave significantly changed in porcine cornea before and after UV-induced corneal collagen cross-linking (CXL). Moreover, different layers of the cornea, such as the anterior stroma, posterior stroma, and inner region, could be discerned from the phase velocities of the elastic wave. Therefore, because of noncontact excitation and imaging, this method may be useful for <i>in vivo</i> detection of ocular diseases such as keratoconus and evaluation of therapeutic interventions such as CXL.