gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Autoantibody Signature for the Serologic Detection of Ovarian Cancer (2014)

Sera from patients with ovarian cancer contain autoantibodies (AAb) to tumor-derived proteins that are potential biomarkers for early detection. To detect AAb, we probed high-density programmable protein microarrays (NAPPA) expressing 5177 candidate tumor antigens with sera from patients with serous ovarian cancer (n = 34 cases/30 controls) and measured bound IgG. Of these, 741 antigens were selected and probed with an independent set of ovarian cancer sera (n = 60 cases/60 controls). Twelve potential autoantigens were identified with sensitivities ranging from 13 to 22% at >93% specificity. These were retested using a Luminex bead array using 60 cases and 60 controls, with sensitivities ranging from 0 to 31.7% at 95% specificity. Three AAb (p53, PTPRA, and PTGFR) had area under the curve (AUC) levels >60% (p < 0.01), with the partial AUC (SPAUC) over 5 times greater than for a nondiscriminating test (p < 0.01). Using a panel of the top three AAb (p53, PTPRA, and PTGFR), if at least two AAb were positive, then the sensitivity was 23.3% at 98.3% specificity. AAb to at least one of these top three antigens were also detected in 7/20 sera (35%) of patients with low CA 125 levels and 0/15 controls. AAb to p53, PTPRA, and PTGFR are potential biomarkers for the early detection of ovarian cancer.
Recent advances in phosphorescent OLEDs for small‐ and large‐area‐display sizes (2006)

Abstract— State‐of‐the‐art phosphorescent organic light‐emitting diode (PHOLED™) lifetime and efficiency performances for a range of emission colors are reported. Lifetimes in excess of 100,000 hours were demonstrated at display luminance levels for yellow‐green and NTSC deep‐red emission. In addition, external quantum efficiencies close to the theoretical maximum are demonstrated for long‐lived PHOLEDs.
A novel pruning model of deep learning for large-scale distributed data processing (2015)

In this paper, we propose a novel pruning model of deep learning for large-scale distributed data processing to simulate a potential application in the geographical neighbor of Internet of Things. We formulate a general model of pruning learning, and we investigate the procedure of pruning learning to satisfy hard constraint and soft constraint. The hard constraint is a class of non-flexible setting without parameter learning to match the structure of distributed data. The soft constraint is a process of adaptive parameter learning to satisfy an inequality without any degradation of accuracy if the size of training data is large enough. Based on the simulation using distributed MNIST image database with large-scale samples, the performance of the proposed pruning model is better than that of a state-of-the-art model of deep learning in case of big data processing.
Guided Bayesian optimal experimental design (2010)

A Bayesian methodology is described for designing experiments or surveys that will optimally complement all previously available information. This methodology uses strong prior information to linearize the problem, and to guide the design toward maximally reducing forecast uncertainties in the interpretation of the future experiment. The prior information could possibly be correlated among model parameters or the observation noise. With no prior information this approach reduces to the fast recursive implementation of the D-optimality criterion. Synthetic geophysical tomography examples are used to illustrate the benefits of this approach. The dependence of the design on the model representation is also discussed.
Luminescent detectors for free-space optical communication (2017)

We present a fast, large active area, and large field of view photodetector; a main challenge of free-space optical communications. We use fluorescent materials to increase the active area of a photodiode by orders of magnitude, maintaining its short response time and large field of view.
Polymerization of lactams, 22. Effect of the reaction conditions on the anionic polymerization of 2‐pyrrolidone (part 2) (1978)

Abstract The effects of temperature, initiator and activator concentrations, and their mole ratios on the yield of the anionic polymerization of 2‐pyrrolidone and on the molecular weight of the resulting polymer were investigated. Potassium tert ‐butoxide was used as the polymerization initiator, and N ‐benzoylpyrrolidone as the activator. Optimum polymerization conditions were determined with the help of statistical planning of the experiments with the orthogonal composite design method.
P‐86: Flexible Transparent Circuits from Carbon Nanotubes (2004)

Abstract Flexible, transparent circuits can be formed from carbon nanotube dispersions combined with polymeric binders, using wet coating and printing. Coatings exhibit significantly greater flex endurance and abrasion resistance than ITO. Structure / properties are described, including optical transparency, conductivity, flex and abrasion testing. Methods for fabricating circuits are also discussed.
Monolithic integration of quantum well infrared photodetector and modulator (1996)

A modulation depth of 40% (0.7 dB/μm) was obtained with an infrared (10.6 μm) modulator consisting of a stack of 50 pairs of weakly coupled asymmetric quantum wells monolithically integrated with a quantum well infrared photodetector. The monolithic integration is shown to be a promising technique for the ‘‘ac’’ coupling of infrared focal-plane arrays as well as for the direct study of the effects of electric fields and charge density variations on intersubband transitions.
High-pressure sodium lamp technology (1980)

Since the development of translucent polycrystalline alumina more than twenty years ago there has been a continuous improvement in high-pressure sodium lamp technology. Lamp lives have quadrupled and light output increased by 20%. There are approximately 16 manufacturers of h.p.s. lamps in the world today and more than 15 sizes of the lamps are now available from 45 to 1000 watts. The light source development is traced with emphasis on the material properties where future improvements can be made.
Alternative splicing promotes tumour aggressiveness and drug resistance in African American prostate cancer (2017)

Clinical challenges exist in reducing prostate cancer (PCa) disparities. The RNA splicing landscape of PCa across racial populations has not been fully explored as a potential molecular mechanism contributing to race-related tumour aggressiveness. Here, we identify novel genome-wide, race-specific RNA splicing events as critical drivers of PCa aggressiveness and therapeutic resistance in African American (AA) men. AA-enriched splice variants of PIK3CD, FGFR3, TSC2 and RASGRP2 contribute to greater oncogenic potential compared with corresponding European American (EA)-expressing variants. Ectopic overexpression of the newly cloned AA-enriched variant, PIK3CD-S, in EA PCa cell lines enhances AKT/mTOR signalling and increases proliferative and invasive capacity in vitro and confers resistance to selective PI3Kδ inhibitor, CAL-101 (idelalisib), in mouse xenograft models. High PIK3CD-S expression in PCa specimens associates with poor survival. These results highlight the potential of RNA splice variants to serve as novel biomarkers and molecular targets for developmental therapeutics in aggressive PCa.
Optical Synchronization Systems for Femtosecond X-raySources (2004)

In femtosecond pump/probe experiments using short X-Ray and optical pulses, precise synchronization must be maintained between widely separated lasers in a synchrotron or FEL facility. We are developing synchronization systems using optical signals for applications requiring different ranges of timing error over 100 meter of glass fiber. For stabilization in the hundred femtosecond range a CW laser is amplitude modulated at 1 10 GHz, the signal retroreflected from the far end, and the relative phase used to correct the transit time with a piezoelectric phase modulator. For the sub-10 fsec range the laser frequency itself is upshifted 55 MHz with an acousto-optical modulator, retroreflected, upshifted again and phase compared at the sending end to a 110 MHz reference. Initial experiments indicate less than 1 fsec timing jitter. To lock lasers in the sub-10 fs range we will lock two single-frequency lasers separated by several tera Hertz to a master modelocked fiber laser, transmit the two frequencies over fiber, and lock two comb lines of a slave laser to these frequencies, thus synchronizing the two modelocked laser envelopes.
High-efficiency multiple-quantum-well GaInNAs/GaNAs ridge-waveguide diode lasers (2002)

We present a new structure with nitrogen incorporation in barrier and new material with antimony for developing post-annealed long wavelength material. This new structure and new material result in a shift of the post-annealed luminescence out to 1.6 um. The new structure, nitrogen in barrier, reduces the blue-shift of the emission spectrum by suppressing nitrogen out-diffusion from the quantum wells (QWs) and decreasing carrier confinement between barriers and QWs. GaNAs or GaNAsSb barriers can also reduce the overall strain of the active region because the high indium mole fraction QWs are compressively strained and the barriers with nitrogen are tensely strained. By adding small amount of antimony, we were able to incorporate up to 46% indium. We will present results of high efficiency long wavelength multiple QW GaInNAs ridge-waveguide laser diodes using GaNAs barriers. We will also show GaInNAsSb QWs with GaNAsSb barriers ridge waveguide laser emitting at 1.465 um. We have observed photoluminescence up to 1.6 um with different indium and antimony concentrations. Our GaInNAs and GaInNAsSb ridge waveguide laser diodes have broad emission spectra covering 1.27 um to 1.465 um with pulsed operation up to 90 degree(s)C. The maximum output power at room temperature, under pulsed operation was 350 mW with a differential efficiency of 0.67 W/A.
Method for fluorination of actinide fluorides and oxyfluorides thereof using O.sub.2 F.sub.2 (1988)

Method for fluorination of actinides and fluorides and oxyfluorides thereof using O.sub.2 F.sub.2 which generates actinide hexafluorides, and for removal of actinides and compounds thereof from surfaces upon which they appear as unwanted deposits. The fluorinating agent, O.sub.2 F.sub.2, has been observed to readily perform the above-described tasks at sufficiently low temperatures that there is virtually no damage to the containment vessels. Moreover, the resulting actinide hexafluorides are thereby not destroyed by high temperature reactions with the walls of the reaction vessel. Dioxygen difluoride is easily prepared, stored and transferred to the desired place of reaction.
Sensitivity of interferometric OSNR measurements techniques to the variation in signal extinction ratio (2008)

We discuss calibration requirements for interferometric OSNR measurements. We show that variation of 0.25 dB in the signal extinction ratio could result in large errors in OSNR for 42.8 Gb/s modulated signals.
Fluoro-apatite and Calcium Phosphate Nanoparticles by Flame Synthesis (2004)

Calcium phosphate nanoparticles with calcium/phosphorus molar ratios ranging from 1.43 to 1.67 have been synthesized by simultaneous combustion of calcium carboxylate and tributyl-phosphate based precursors in a flame spray reactor. Fluoro-apatite and zinc or magnesium doped calcium phosphates were obtained by adding trifluoroacetic acid or corresponding carboxylates into the fuel. Nanoparticle morphology and the structure of sintered ceramics were studied using transmission and scanning electron microscopy. Thermal evolution of calcium phosphate phases was investigated by powder X-ray diffraction, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, and thermal analysis. A molar ratio of Ca/P < 1.5 in the precursor promoted the formation of dicalcium pyrophosphate (Ca2P2O7). Phase pure β-tricalcium phosphate was obtained with a precursor Ca/P ratio of 1.52 after subsequent calcination at 900 °C. The regular, open structure with interconnecting micropores and the facile substitution of both anions and cations suggests possible application as a biomaterial.
Automatic glaucoma diagnosis through medical imaging informatics (2013)

AGLAIA-MII demonstrates for the first time the capability of integrating patients' personal data, medical retinal image and genome information for automatic glaucoma diagnosis and screening in a large dataset from a population study. It paves the way for a holistic approach for automatic objective glaucoma diagnosis and screening.
Using configurable computing to accelerate Boolean satisfiability (1999)

The issues of software compute time and complexity are very important in current computer-aided design (CAD) tools. As field-programmable gate array (FPGA) speeds and densities increase, the opportunity for effective hardware accelerators built from FPGA technology has opened up. This paper describes and evaluates a formula-specific method for implementing Boolean satisfiability solver circuits in configurable hardware. That is, using a template generator, we create circuits specific to the problem instance to be solved. This approach yields impressive runtime speedups of up to several hundred times compared to the software approaches. The high performance comes from realizing fine-grained parallelism inherent in the clause evaluation and implication and from direct mapping of Boolean relations into logic gates. Our implementation uses a commercially available hardware system for proof of concept. This system yields more than 100 times run-time speedup on many problems, even though the clock rate of the hardware is 100 times slower than that of the workstation running the software solver. While the time to compile the solver circuit to configurable hardware can he quite long on current platforms (20-40 min per chip), this paper discusses new approaches to overcome this compilation overhead. More broadly, we view this work as a case study in the burgeoning domain of high performance configurable computing. Our approach realizes large amount of fine-grained parallelism, and has broad applications in the very large scale integration CAD area.
Downhole Fluid Analysis and Fluid-Comparison Algorithm as Aid to Reservoir Characterization (2008)

Summary In recent years, formation-sampling and formation-testing tools have provided a variety of new downhole optical measurements for downhole fluid analysis (DFA). DFA involves an in-situ measurement of optical absorption spectra used to compute properties such as hydrocarbon composition and gas/oil ratio (GOR). Abrupt changes in these fluid properties with depth may be markers for reservoir compartmentalization. However, hydrocarbon differences can be identified reliably only when the significance of uncertainties from measurement and the oil-based mud (OBM) filtrate have been taken into account. Recently, an algorithm called the fluid-comparison algorithm (FCA) was developed to address this issue. The FCA propagates uncertainties in optical measurement and contamination into uncertainties in fluid properties, such as color, composition, and GOR. The output of the FCA is the probability that two fluids are statistically different. Real-time application of the FCA can optimize capture of downhole-fluid samples and generation of a continuous downhole-fluid log representing the fluid complexity in the reservoir. In addition, by identifying abrupt changes in fluid properties that occur with depth, the FCA may in some circumstances be an assay for reservoir compartmentalization. In this paper, we briefly review the theory of the FCA. The strengths and limitations of the technique for an improved understanding of reservoir architecture and fluid complexities are presented in two case studies.
Characterization of a preliminary narrow-band absorption material for holographic data storage (2004)

A new holographic data storage material based on narrow-band absorption is currently being developed at General Electric. Experimental characterization results of the preliminary materials are presented.
A Wideband Sectoral Quasi-Yagi MIMO Antenna System With Multibeam Elements (2018)

A novel printed Quasi-Yagi based multiple-input-multiple-output (MIMO) antenna system is proposed in a triangular configuration targeting sectors of 120°. A novel and simple proof of concept for splitting the single main endfire directional beam of a typical Yagi-Uda antenna into multiple beams is proposed by carefully exciting the 3.5 λ <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">g</sub> resonance mode of the loop antenna. It has been shown that by proper excitation of the loop resonance modes, multiple beams can be achieved from a single Yagi element to suit the application of interest. The proposed MIMO antenna system has a measured impedance bandwidth of 16.2% targeting the 5.8 WLAN band. The board diameter of the antenna system is only 120 mm, making it suitable for small size wireless access points. A high front-to-back ratio (FBR) of 14 dB and a gain of around 6 dBi is achieved by carefully optimizing the multiple parasitic director elements in the location of the maximum energy densities. The proposed MIMO antenna system has high port isolation of 28 dB, very low held envelope correlation coefficient value of 0.012, and high total radiation efficiency of greater than 90% in the band of operation.
A Zn2+-specific fluorescent molecular probe for the selective detection of endogenous cyanide in biorelevant samples (2010)

A Zn(2+)-specific molecular probe 3 was developed for the selective detection of CN(-) under aqueous conditions. The fluorescent Zn(2+) complex of 3 upon CN(-) addition generates a bright blue fluorescence that allows the detection of the latter and is useful for the screening of natural products with and without endogenous cyanide content.
A stable, nonsense mutation associated with a case of infantile onset polycystic kidney disease 1 (PKD1) (1996)

Autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD) is the most common single gene disorder resulting in renal failure. It is generally an adult onset disease, but rarely, cases of severe childhood polycystic disease arise in ADPKD families. The clear clinical anticipation in these pedigrees has led to the suggestion that the mutation may be an unstable trinucleotide repeat. We have now identified a nonsense mutation, Tyr3818Stop, in one such family (P117) within the major ADPKD gene, polycystic kidney disease 1 (PKD1). The mutation is shown to be a de novo change in the father, and of grandpaternal origin. PKD1 manifests as typical adult onset disease in the father, but is seen as severe disease, detected as enlarged polycystic kidneys in utero, in one of a pair of dizygotic twins; the other twin has the mutation but no evidence of cysts, consistent with an adult onset disease course. The finding of the same stable mutation associated with very different disease severity in this family indicates that phenotypic variation in PKD1 is not due to a dynamic mutation. It seems most likely that a small number of modifying factors may radically affect the course of disease in PKD1; identification of such factors will have important prognostic implications in this disorder.
Applied Integrated Active Filter Auxiliary Power Module for Electrified Vehicles With Single-Phase Onboard Chargers (2016)

In single-phase onboard chargers for electrified vehicles, second-order harmonic currents and corresponding ripple voltages exist on the dc bus. The low-frequency harmonic current is normally filtered using a bulk film capacitor or an additional active filter (AF) circuit. This presents an obstacle for improving the power density as well as reducing the cost. This paper proposes a simple and effective method that reduces the bulk capacitor in single-phase chargers and alleviates the low-frequency sinusoidal harmonic current in automotive applications. It applies the low-voltage (LV) battery charger auxiliary power module as an AF to filter the low-frequency harmonic currents in the high-voltage (HV) battery charger when the HV battery is charging. Hence, the integrated active filter auxiliary power module (AFAPM)-based dual-voltage charging system can achieve the AF function without extra power switches, heat sinks, and corresponding gate-drive circuits. In addition, the proposed AFAPM converter can obtain an almost unchanged switch rating to achieve 2.4-kW LV battery charging and 6.6-kW HV active filtering functions. Therefore, the proposed method can reduce the cost for the dual-voltage charging system in electrified vehicles. A 1.2-kW proof-of-concept prototype has also been built and experiments show promising results confirming the effectiveness of the proposed concept.
Fabrication of n-type nickel doped B5C1+δ homojunction and heterojunction diodes (1997)

We have successfully nickel doped a boron carbide (B5C) alloy film. The nickel doped boron-carbide (Ni-B5C1+δ) thin films were fabricated from a single source carborane cage molecule and nickelocene [Ni(C5H5)2] using plasma enhanced chemical vapor deposition. Nickel doping transforms the highly resistive undoped film from a p-type material to an n-type material. This has been verified from the characteristics of diodes constructed ofNi-B5C1+δ on both n-type silicon and p-type B5C. The homojunction diodes exhibit excellent rectifying properties over a wide range of temperatures.
NEW BI-PREDICTION TECHNIQUES FOR B PICTURES CODING (2004)

In the conventional video codec, B pictures usually employ five prediction modes, including bi-prediction, direct prediction, forward prediction, backward prediction and intra modes. Among them, the direct and bi-prediction modes, whose prediction values are achieved from both forward and backward reference pictures, are more efficient in exploiting the temporal correlation between the reference pictures and the current B picture. In addition, the direct mode does not require any bits for coding the motion vectors. Therefore, the blocks coded with direct or bi-predictive mode are usually much more than the other modes. To further take advantage of the bi-prediction, in this paper we propose a new bi-predictive coding technique, which can achieve the good tradeoff between the bit-rate saving for motion vector coding and the prediction accuracy. Moreover, we also propose the spatial motion vector prediction and motion vector scaling techniques to improve the accuracy of derived direct mode motion vectors. All these techniques have been adopted in AVS 1 video coding standard. 1.
Fiber optic ionizing radiation detector (1992)

The authors describe a novel design for an ionizing radiation sensor using coiled optical fibers, which can be placed within or near a radioactive source. To evaluate this sensor, coiled fiber samples were placed inside metallic and metal-matrix composite cylinders to evaluate the sensitivity of the detector and the shielding effectiveness of the materials. Further study has shown that the proposed experimental setup can be used to determine the mass attenuation coefficient. The mass attenuation coefficient was then used to optimize the number of windings that would make the detector most effective for radiation detection. An advantage of this detector is that it will be possible to repair the damage caused by ionizing radiation. This can be done by heating the fibers to a moderate temperature and holding the temperature for a specific time to eliminate the color centers.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Grating Angle Magnification Enhanced Angular and Integrated Sensors for LISA Applications (2006)

The Laser Interferometer Space Antenna (LISA) and the Big Bang Observer (BBO) require angular sensing in their gravitational reference sensor (GRS), telescope pointing, and spacecraft control. The conventional angular sensing schemes utilize simple geometric reflections as the sensing mechanism.