gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Differentially expressed patterns of glycosaminoglycan structure in heparan sulfate proteoglycans and free chains (1993)

The metabolic relationships between heparan sulfate proteoglycans, free chains, and oligosaccharides in different cell locations were evaluated by comparing their glycosaminoglycan structure. Metabolically labeled heparan sulfate proteoglycans of BALB/c 3T3 cell layers and in conditioned medium were compared with the heparan sulfate free chains (modal mass = 10 kDa) and oligosaccharides (modal mass = 3 kDa) of the cells. Nonlytic, in situ digestion with heparitinase I indicated that 90% of proteoglycans, 70% of the free chains, and 20% of the oligosaccharides were enzyme accessible, but there was no evidence using competitive ligands for binding of the products to the cell surface via the glycosaminoglycan moieties. Structurally, the membrane proteoglycans were the most O-/N-sulfated and yielded more tri- and tetra-sulfated di- and tetra-saccharides by nitrous acid degradation. In contrast, the side chains of medium proteoglycans were less sulfated and more polydisperse in mass, suggesting that most medium proteoglycans are not processed from membrane precursors. The heparan sulfate free chains were of lower mass, less sulfated, and more heterogeneous in distribution of the anionic groups than were proteoglycan side chains. Corroborating analytical heparitinase I digestion indicated that generation of di- and tetra-saccharides proportionately increased from membrane proteoglycan, to cell free chain, to medium proteoglycan categories. Because the structural patterns of the heparan sulfate free chains did not reveal a clear relationship with the side chains of the major proteoglycans, their origin was further probed by [3H]BH4-labeling of the reducing terminus under varying stringencies. The end-labeled residues obtained by nitrous or strong acid hydrolysis of the free chains showed insignificant amounts of galactose and xylose, but rather glucosamine N-sulfate and a residue likely generated from glucuronate. The effective labeling that was achieved with weak alkali indicated that covalent oligopeptide is not present. In summary, the heparan sulfate free chains, which in part are components of the cell surface, are of relatively low mass, are unassociated with covalent peptide, and most probably have a disaccharide motif of glucosamine N-sulfate and a uronate residue at the reducing end. Taken together, these observations suggest that the free chains originate by processing of precursor heparan sulfate proteoglycans on the cell surface via an endoglycosidase acting on an N-sulfated portion of the original polymer.
Rigid-rod polyesters with flexible side chains based on 1,4-dialkyl esters of pyromellitic acid. 1 (1991)

Rigid-rod polyesters with long alkyl side chains, denoted as H-Cn, have been prepared by reacting 1,4-dialkylesters of pyromellitic acid with hydroquinone. The alkyl groups were varied from hexyl (n=6) to octadecyl (n=18). The mesomorphic properties and structure of these polyesters were examined by optical microscopy, DSC and X-ray measurements. The experimental results indicate that the H-Cn polyesters with side-chain lengths of n≥12 exhibit liquid crystalline mesophases with a characteristic layered structure. In this structure, the aromatic main chains in the extended form pack into layers with one-dimensionally positional order in the lateral direction and the alkyl side chains in the disordered form occupy the space between the layers. This layered structure is considered to result from a kind of microphase separation of the aromatic and aliphatic components of the polymer, which results in an unusually observed increase in the isotropization temperatures of liquid crystals with an increase in the side-chain length.
Hybrid functionals based on a screened Coulomb potential (2003)

Hybrid density functionals are very successful in describing a wide range of molecular properties accurately. In large molecules and solids, however, calculating the exact (Hartree–Fock) exchange is computationally expensive, especially for systems with metallic characteristics. In the present work, we develop a new hybrid density functional based on a screened Coulomb potential for the exchange interaction which circumvents this bottleneck. The results obtained for structural and thermodynamic properties of molecules are comparable in quality to the most widely used hybrid functionals. In addition, we present results of periodic boundary condition calculations for both semiconducting and metallic single wall carbon nanotubes. Using a screened Coulomb potential for Hartree–Fock exchange enables fast and accurate hybrid calculations, even of usually difficult metallic systems. The high accuracy of the new screened Coulomb potential hybrid, combined with its computational advantages, makes it widely applicable to large molecules and periodic systems.
Implementation of a Fast Algorithm for Segmenting SAR Imagery (2002)

This report gives a detailed presentation of the implementation of a new fast algorithm for image segmentation. The original motivation for development of the algorithm was the segmentation of synthetic aperture radar (SAR) imagery into homogeneous regions for target detection in the Analysts' Detection Support System. However, the algorithm is a general one based upon Mumford-Shah functionals, and there is no technical reason why it could not also be used for other imaging modalities, including multiband imagery. The algorithm has computational complexity on the order of the Fast Fourier Transform, the benchmark for fast algorithms.
Understanding Geophysical Responses of Shale Gas Plays (2010)

Unconventional resources such as shale gas are becoming increasingly important exploration and production targets. However, the geophysical characterization of these unconventional reservoirs remains challenging because of limited understanding of reservoir properties such as total organic carbon (TOC). As a significantly important component of the rock, organic matter has unique features (e.g., being soft, resistive, and with non-zero shear modulus) that influence effective elastic properties differently than effective electrical properties, thus providing the basis for an integrated geophysical analysis of shale gas.
Palladium-Catalyzed Intramolecular α-Arylation of α-Amino Acid Esters (2001)

The Pd-catalyzed intramolecular alpha-arylation of alpha-amino acid esters is described. Starting from readily available amino acids, the synthesis of a variety of isoindolines and tetrahydroisoquinoline carboxylic acid esters has been accomplished. Additionally, fused tricyclic systems can be efficiently prepared from cyclic amino acid esters. Reaction conditions have been found that allow the use of tert-butyl ester and N-(benzyloxycarbonyl) protecting groups.
T suppressor lymphocytes regulation of adjuvant arthritis in two inbred strains of rats. (1982)

Adjuvant arthritis can be induced by a single injection of Freund's complete adjuvant (FCA) in the highly susceptible Lewis (LEW) rat strain, but not the resistant Wistar A.G. (WAG) strain. This strain-dependent susceptibility to the disease is correlated with differences in T suppressor cells regulation. In WAG rats, indeed, the in vitro response in LEW alloantigens was highly inhibited 11 days after FCA injection, while LEW rats in vitro response to WAG alloantigens was slightly increased. Furthermore, spleen cells from WAG rats given FCA 4 days before exhibited T cell-mediated active suppression of WAG in vitro response to LEW alloantigens when they were co-cultured with WAG normal spleen cells. This suppression was abolished by removal of T cells on nylon wool column. A previous irradiation of these T cells also inhibited their suppressive effect, suggesting that FCA-induced suppression might be due to soluble suppressor factor(s). On the other hand T cells from FCA treated LEW rats did not produce any modification of LEW in vitro response to WAG alloantigens. This suggests that the severe arthritis induced in LEW rats could be correlated with a defect of their suppressor cells functions, while in WAG rats FCA activated suppressor T cells could control the disease.
Cardiac Dysrhythmias, Cardiomyopathy and Muscular Dystrophy in Patients with Emery-Dreifuss Muscular Dystrophy and Limb-Girdle Muscular Dystrophy Type 1B (2005)

Emery-Dreifuss muscular dystrophy (EDMD) and limb-girdle muscular dystrophy type 1B (LGMD1B) are characterized by cardiac dysrhythmias, late-onset cardiomyopathy, slowly progressive skeletal myopathy and contractures of the neck, elbows and ankles. The causative mutation is either in the emerin gene (X-linked recessive EDMD) or lamin A/C gene (autosomal dominant EDMD2 or LGMD1B). We report three cases of EDMD, EDMD2 and LGMD1B. A 14-yr-old boy showed limitation of cervical flexion and contractures of both elbows and ankles. Sinus arrest with junctional escape beats was noted. He was diagnosed as X-linked recessive EDMD (MIM 310300). A 28-yr-old female showed severe wasting and weakness of humeroperoneal muscles. Marked limitation of cervical flexion and contractures of both elbows and ankles were noted. Varying degrees of AV block were noted. She was diagnosed as autosomal dominant EDMD2 (MIM 181350). A 41-yr-old female had contractures of both ankles and limb-girdle type muscular dystrophy. ECG revealed atrial tachycardia with high grade AV block. She was diagnosed as autosomal dominant LGMD1B (MIM 159001). Cardiac dysrhythmias in EDMD and LGMD1B include AV block, bradycardia, atrial tachycardia, atrial fibrillation, and atrial standstill, causing sudden death necessitating pacemaker implantation. Cardiologists should know about these unusual genetic diseases with conduction defects, especially in young adults.
Adaptive denoising based on SURE risk (1998)

A new adaptive denoising method is presented based on Stein's (1981) unbiased risk estimate (SURE) and on a new class of thresholding functions. First, we present a new class of thresholding functions that has a continuous derivative while the derivative of standard soft-thresholding function is not continuous. The new thresholding functions make it possible to construct the adaptive algorithm whenever using the wavelet shrinkage method. By using the new thresholding functions, a new adaptive denoising method is presented based on SURE. Several numerical examples are given. The results indicated that for denoising applications, the proposed method is very effective in adaptively finding the optimal solution in a mean square error (MSE) sense. It is also shown that this method gives better MSE performance than those conventional wavelet shrinkage methods.
Scaling and Sensitivity Analysis of Gas-Oil Gravity Drainage EOR (2008)

Abstract Gas injection is one of the key enhanced oil recovery (EOR) methods. Significant volumes of the residual oil, remaining after earlier EOR methods, has been reported to be recovered through the gravity drainage mechanism, following the crestal gas injection in the horizontal, dipping or reef type oil reservoirs. The rate of oil recovery is controlled by the viscous/capillary/gravity forces, the rate of gas injection and oil production, the difference of oil and gas density, the oil relative permeability, the oil viscosity and number of other operational parameters. Risk analysis of these parameters helps to identify their relative dominance during gas-oil gravity drainage process. The interactions between various process controlling parameters is studied through development of scaling groups that govern the displacement process. Functional relationships between those scaling groups and their effect on the overall performance of immiscible gas-driven gravity drainage EOR are investigated in this study. This enables an estimation of fractional oil recovery for the combinations of scaling groups. The results of numerical sensitivity analysis through the reservoir simulations are presented to map the effective combinations of the dimensionless scaling groups for gas-oil gravity drainage EOR method.
Placebo Response is Driven by UCS Revaluation: Evidence, Neurophysiological Consequences and a Quantitative Model (2016)

Despite growing scientific interest in the placebo effect and increasing understanding of neurobiological mechanisms, theoretical modeling of the placebo response remains poorly developed. The most extensively accepted theories are expectation and conditioning, involving both conscious and unconscious information processing. However, it is not completely understood how these mechanisms can shape the placebo response. We focus here on neural processes which can account for key properties of the response to substance intake. It is shown that placebo response can be conceptualized as a reaction of a distributed neural system within the central nervous system. Such a reaction represents an integrated component of the response to open substance administration (or to substance intake) and is updated through "unconditioned stimulus (UCS) revaluation learning". The analysis leads to a theorem, which proves the existence of two distinct quantities coded within the brain, these are the expected or prediction outcome and the reactive response. We show that the reactive response is updated automatically by implicit revaluation learning, while the expected outcome can also be modulated through conscious information processing. Conceptualizing the response to substance intake in terms of UCS revaluation learning leads to the theoretical formulation of a potential neuropharmacological treatment for increasing unlimitedly the effectiveness of a given drug.
High-differential quantum efficiency operation of GaInAsP/InP membrane distributed-reflector laser on Si (2017)

The high-external differential quantum efficiency operation of a GaInAsP/InP membrane distributed-reflector laser bonded on a Si substrate was achieved by adopting a short cavity design and reducing the waveguide loss and differential resistance. A threshold current of 0.21 mA, an external differential quantum efficiency of 32% for the front-side output, and a power-conversion efficiency of 12% were obtained with a 32-µm distributed feedback section length, a 50-µm distributed-Bragg-reflector section, and a 0.8-µm stripe width. A side-mode suppression ratio of 41 dB was obtained at a bias current of 1 mA.
On the Design of a Concurrent Object-Oriented Spreading Activation Architecture (1994)

The notion of spreading activation over a semantic network is one of the most frequently used approaches to several important problems in Artificial Intelligence. In this paper, we first argue that spreading activation subsumes not only marker-passing systems, but also local connectionist as well as recent 'hybrid' models ones. We then suggest that spreading activation reducea to the passing of messages between concurrent objects. We argue therefore in favor of the concurrent and objectoriented nature of a general architecture for spreading activation. Concurrency is required for massive parallelism; object-orientedness, for the mechanisms it readily provides for semantic modeling. We then overview an object-oriented framework for spreading activation, which we have implemented in both Smalltalk and ABCLll. The fundamental characmistic of this implementation is that it is programmable, and thus can modate most of the existing spreading activation models.
Pushing the limits of accelerator efficiency while retaining programmability (2016)

The waning benefits of device scaling have caused a push towards domain specific accelerators (DSAs), which sacrifice programmability for efficiency. While providing huge benefits, DSAs are prone to obsoletion due to domain volatility, have recurring design and verification costs, and have large area footprints when multiple DSAs are required in a single device. Because of the benefits of generality, this work explores how far a programmable architecture can be pushed, and whether it can come close to the performance, energy, and area efficiency of a DSA-based approach. Our insight is that DSAs employ common specialization principles for concurrency, computation, communication, data-reuse and coordination, and that these same principles can be exploited in a programmable architecture using a composition of known microarchitectural mechanisms. Specifically, we propose and study an architecture called LSSD, which is composed of many low-power and tiny cores, each having a configurable spatial architecture, scratchpads, and DMA. Our results show that a programmable, specialized architecture can indeed be competitive with a domain-specific approach. Compared to four prominent and diverse DSAs, LSSD can match the DSAs' 10× to 150× speedup over an OOO core, with only up to 4x more area and power than a single DSA, while retaining programmability.
Trace Element Contamination of Total Parenteral Nutrition. 1. Contribution of Component Solutions (1999)

All eight components tested were contaminated with trace elements not intended to be present in the product, and similarly, the multi-trace element component contained trace elements either above or below that which the label claimed.
An automated high pressure PVT apparatus for continuous recording of density and isothermal compressibility of fluids (1996)

A unique instrumentation which permits real-time automated recording of volume or density as a function of pressure is described. The system consists of a variable volume view cell with an internal movable piston, a piston position sensor, a motorized pressure generator, and computerized control and data acquisition units. The position of the piston and hence the internal volume of the cell is monitored in real time with the aid of a linear-variable differential transformer while the pressure of the cell is changed in a slow, programed fashion using the automated pressure generator. The system is fully automated and can be used to generate density and compressibility information for pure fluids and fluid mixtures over a wide range of temperatures (up to 473 K) and pressures (up to 70 MPa). The continuous recording of density makes it possible to detect subtle changes in the state of the fluid(s) and offers a convenient approach for precise determination of the phase transition conditions. The capabilities of the system are demonstrated for two pure fluids, carbon dioxide and n-pentane, at near- and supercritical conditions.
Design considerations for user authorization in the presence services based on SIP (2005)

SIP plays an important role in VoIP service infrastructure. Presence service is emerged to meet the needs of integrated service and presence service is a core function within integrated service. IETF SIMPLE WG generates standard SIP extensions for presence service. In this paper, we described the service scenarios of presence services based on SIMPLE. We also described the construction of presence system. Especially, we described the design considerations of presence agent supporting for multiple presence packages and those of presence agent supporting for user authorization function
Comparison of correction techniques for simultaneous<sup>201</sup>Tl/<sup>99m</sup>Tc myocardial perfusion SPECT imaging: a dog study (2000)

We compared two correction methods for simultaneous 201Tl/99mTc dual-isotope single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT). Both approaches use the information from the third energy window placed between the photopeak windows of the 201Tl and 99mTc. The first approach, described by Moore et al, corrects only for the contribution of the 99mTc to the 201Tl primary 70 keV window. We developed the three-window transformation dual isotope correction method, which is a simultaneous cross-talk correction. The two correction methods were compared in a simultaneous 201Tl/99mTc sestamibi cardiac dog study. Three separate acquisitions were performed in this dog study: two single-isotope and one dual-isotope acquisition. The 201Tl single-isotope images were used as references. The total number of counts, and the contrast between the left ventricular cavity (LVC) and the myocardium, were used in 70 keV short axis slices as parameters for evaluating the results of the dual-isotope correction methods. Three consecutive short-axis slices were used to calculate averaged contrast and the averaged total number of counts. The total number of the counts was 667000+/-500 and 414500+/-400 counts for the dual isotope (201Tl+/-99mTc) and single-isotope (201Tl-only) 70 keV images, respectively. The corrected dual-isotope images had 514700+/-700 and 368000+/-600 counts for Moore's correction and our approach, respectively. Moore's method improved contrast in the dual isotope 70 keV image to 0.14+/-0.03 from 0.11+/-0.02, which was the value in the 70 keV non-corrected dual-isotope image. Our method improved the same contrast to 0.22+/-0.03. The contrast in the 201Tl single-isotope 70 keV image was 0.28+/-0.02. Both methods improved the 70 keV dual-isotope images. However, our approach provided slightly better images than Moore's correction when compared with 201Tl-only 70 keV images.
A new 2-D image reconstruction algorithm based on FDTD and design sensitivity analysis (2002)

This paper proposes a numerical algorithm that reconstructs the complex permittivity profile of unknown scatterers by the design sensitivity analysis (DSA) and topology optimization technique. By introducing the DSA and adjoint-variable method, the derivatives of the error function with respect to the complex permittivity variables can be calculated, and the material property in each cell can be changed simultaneously using sensitivity information. The steepest descent method is used as an optimization technique. The proposed method is validated by applying it to reconstructions of unknown two-dimensional scatterers that are illuminated by TM/sup z/ with a Gaussian-pulsed plane wave.
Efeito residual da adubação fosfatada e torta de filtro na brotação de soqueiras de cana-de-açúcar (2012)

O fósforo é considerado um elemento essencial para as plantas e se encontra em baixa quantidade nos solos brasileiros. Na cana-de-açúcar, assume grande importância no enraizamento e no perfilhamento e, portanto, na produtividade final. São restritas as informações sobre o efeito residual da adubação fosfatada para a cana soca. Este trabalho teve por objetivo avaliar a rebrota da cana-de-açúcar em função da adubação com torta de filtro enriquecida com fontes solúveis de fósforo, realizada no plantio. O experimento foi realizado a campo em Presidente Prudente-SP com a variedade RB867515. Utilizou-se o delineamento experimental em blocos completos ao acaso, no esquema fatorial 5 x 4, sendo o primeiro fator os níveis de torta de filtro (0; 0,5; 1,0; 2,0 e 4,0 ton.ha-1) e o segundo os níveis de fósforo (0, 50, 100, 200 kg.ha-1 de P2O5), com 4 repetições. O número de perfilhos por metro linear foi avaliado aos 60 dias após a rebrota. As doses de fósforo associada à torta de filtro, aplicadas no plantio da cana-de-açúcar, favorecem a brotação da primeira soqueira. Doses de 4,0 ton.ha-1 de torta de filtro, aplicadas com o fósforo mineral, elevam a brotação das soqueiras, assim como as doses de P2O5, a partir de 50 Kg.ha-1.
Performance analysis of Modified Random Based Interleaver for OFDM-IDMA system (2014)

This paper in the mainly focuses on different interleavers used in Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM) and Interleave-Division-Multiple-Access (IDMA) system. An efficient Modified Random Based Interleaver is proposed which is simple and could produce orthogonal interleavers for generating user specific chip level interleavers for different users. The projected methodology reduces the computational complexity, memory requirement problem and also reduces the number of data exchanges between the base station (BS) and also the mobile station (MS). The simulation results are presented to indicate that the proposed Modified Random Based Interleaver gives better performance as compared to Master random Interleaver and Tree Based Interleaver in OFDM-IDMA system.