gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Ultraviolet and Infrared Irradiations Sensing of Gel-Orange Dye Composite-Based Flexible Electrochemical Cells (2022)

The flexible and shockproof rubber-based Al/OD-Gel/Cu electrochemical cell was designed, fabricated, and investigated for the detection of IR and UV irradiations. For this purpose, the transparent gel-orange dye composite was deposited on the porous rubber substrate between aluminum and copper electrodes. It was observed that the gel-orange dye composite was mechanically like a gel: soft and flexible. Electrically, this composite (gel-orange dye) forms a flexible electrolyte. It was found that the impedance of the samples under the effect of infrared irradiation decreased by 2.02 to 2.19 times on changing frequency from 100 Hz to 200 kHz. Accordingly, under the effect of ultraviolet irradiation, the impedance of the samples decreased by 1.23 to 1.45 times on increasing frequency from 100 Hz to 200 kHz. Under the effect of infrared irradiation up to 4000 W/m<sup>2</sup>, the cell's open-circuit voltage increased by 1.59 times. The cell's open-circuit voltage also increased by 1.06 times under the effect of ultraviolet irradiation up to 200 uW/cm<sup>2</sup>. The mechanism of the absorption of the infrared and ultraviolet irradiations by the OD-Gel composite has been discussed in detail. The fabricated flexible rubber substrate-based Al/OD-Gel/Cu electrochemical cells can be used as a prototype for the development of gel electronics-based devices.
Isolation and Characterization of a Sialic Acid-specific Lectin from Hemolymph of the Southeast Asian Horseshoe Crab<i>Tachypleus gigas</i> (1993)

A lectin was isolated from hemolymph of the Southeast Asian horseshoe crab Tachypleus gigas by using glycophorin HA affinity chromatography and Sephacryl S-300 gel filtration. The purified lectin had a molecular mass of approximately 396kDa and was composed of 13 identical subunits with molecular masses of 31 kDa. The serological specificity of the purified lectin was specifically inhibited by sialic acids sialoglycoproteins, but not by neutral sugars, hexosamines, N-acetylhexosamines, or asialoglycoproteins. Although the N-terminal amino acid sequence of the lectin from T. gigas was identical to that from American horseshoe crab (liphemin) by the same purification method and cross reacted with the anti-liphemin serum, the calcium concentration of hemagglutinating activity of the purified lectin showed a smaller optimal concentration than that of liphemin.
A Dirichlet Neumann Representation Method for Simulating Flow in Reservoirs (2011)

Abstract Reservoir simulation models multiphase flow in reservoirs. Since geological models usually are heterogeneous and may contain millions of cells, upscaling is often a necessary step to reduce the model size to make them suitable for simulation. When grid coarsening is done to obtain fast simulation results, simulation grid cells can be quite large and may also contain localized geological features. Obviously, the upscaled model, though easier to simulate, is only an approximation of the original model. Errors introduced in the upscaling process generally may be small when flow field is relatively smooth but could be large otherwise. A critical technical challenge in upscaling is to be able to coarsen the reservoir model for fast computational performance while maintaining a high degree of accuracy for the results. In this paper we propose a new Dirichlet Neumann representation method, DNR for short, for upscaling and simulating flow in reservoirs. With DNR, expressions are derived for flow rates as linear functions of multiple discrete pressure values along the boundary of each coarse block and pressure value at the center of the block. The number of pressure values at the boundary is flexible and may be chosen so that those pressure points provide an adequate representation of the possible pressure profiles and flow distributions during the simulation. Because of this, the error induced by artificial boundary conditions in traditional upscaling methods is greatly reduced. Test results show that DNR produces substantially more accurate results when compared to existing approaches using similar number of unknown variables, especially for reservoirs which contain high permeability streaks or are highly channelized. This method makes it possible to coarsen reservoir models while preserving a high degree of reliability for simulation results. DNR also allows straightforward reconstruction of fine-scale flow solutions and so can be used as part of a multiscale computational procedure.
Abstract 617: Small molecule that simultaneously inhibits Myc oncoprotein and activates HIF1A (2011)

Abstract Aberrant expression of Myc oncoproteins is a major causal factor in a large proportion of human cancer. In particular, MYCN oncogene amplification is one of the most powerful prognostic markers identified in the childhood cancer neuroblastoma and, as such, represents a valuable therapeutic target for the development of novel treatment approaches. A diverse chemical library of small molecules was screened using a cell-based assay to identify inhibitors of MYCN. Among a number of molecules identified as potential Myc inhibitors, M606 was found to reduce protein expression of MYCN and its downstream target genes in the MYCN-amplified neuroblastoma cell line BE(2)-C. A similar effect was also observed in a number of c-Myc over-expressing tumor cell lines. Analysis of signalling pathways affected by M606 using FACTORIAL™ technology (Attagene Inc.) indicated that this small molecule inhibited Myc mediated transcription in a dose-dependent manner. Interestingly, hypoxia inducible factor 1 alpha (HIF1A) was induced ∼100 fold. Consistently, we observed HIF1A protein accumulation and nuclear translocation post-M606 treatment under normoxic conditions accompanied by activation of transcription of the HIF1A target, VEGF. siRNA-mediated knockdown of c-Myc or HIF1A in HepG2 cells followed by M606 treatment demonstrated that downregulation of c-Myc and upregulation of HIF1A by M606 are two independent events. Furthermore, inhibition of HIF1A prolyl hydroxylases by dimethyloxalylglycine (DMOG) resulted in downregulation of c-Myc protein independent of any HIFA upregulation. These results suggest that the same molecular mechanism, targeted by M606 and presumably involving inhibition of prolyl hydroxylases, can affect both HIF1A and Myc but in opposite ways. Further development of this compound may be useful in the treatment of cancers in which Myc oncoproteins are overexpressed as well as in the treatment or prevention of ischemic injury since recent studies suggest HIF1A activation may protect against ischemia-reperfusion injury. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 102nd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2011 Apr 2-6; Orlando, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2011;71(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 617. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2011-617
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis, Crystal Structure, and Luminescence Properties of a Novel Green‐Yellow Emitting Phosphor LiZn<sub>1‐x</sub>PO<sub>4</sub>:Mn<sub>x</sub> for Light Emitting Diodes. (2008)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Expression of symbiotic genes of Rhizobium japonicum USDA 191 in other rhizobia (1985)

A 200-megadalton plasmid was mobilized from Rhizobium japonicum USDA 191 to other Rhizobium strains either that cannot nodulate soybeans or that form Fix- nodules on certain cultivars. The symbiotic properties of the transconjugants indicate that both soybean specificity for nodulation and cultivar specificity for nitrogen fixation are plasmid encoded.
Rate distortion in image coding from embedded optimization constraints in vector quantization (2002)

We compared the performance of two recently developed vector quantization algorithms using different optimization criteria for clustering, namely, the adaptive fuzzy leader clustering, a neuro-fuzzy algorithm, and the deterministic annealing, another unsupervised clustering algorithm based on probabilistic and statistical physics frameworks, with the rate distortion criterion as a performance measure. Such a comparison is useful for evaluating the efficiency of clustering algorithms for the purpose of image vector quantization instead of the conventional misclassification evaluation. This method is extended from the analysis of image coding in a spatial domain to sample vectors in the wavelet domain with predictable distribution. These sample vectors possess a multidimensional generalized Gaussian distribution through the new multi-scale feature extraction method. Our preliminary results show much improvement on the reconstructed image quality over JPEG.
PPR (2007)

Bit errors occur in wireless communication when interference or noise overcomes the coded and modulated transmission. Current wireless protocols may use forward error correction (FEC) to correct some small number of bit errors, but generally retransmit the whole packet if the FEC is insufficient. We observe that current wireless mesh network protocols retransmit a number of packets and that most of these retransmissions end up sending bits that have already been received multiple times, wasting network capacity. To overcome this inefficiency, we develop, implement, and evaluate a partial packet recovery (PPR) system. PPR incorporates two new ideas: (1) SoftPHY , an expanded physical layer (PHY) interface that provides PHY-independent hints to higher layers about the PHY's confidence in each bit it decodes, and (2) a postamble scheme to recover data even when a packet preamble is corrupted and not decodable at the receiver. Finally, we present PP-ARQ , an asynchronous link-layer ARQ protocol built on PPR that allows a receiver to compactly encode a request for retransmission of only those bits in a packet that are likely in error. Our experimental results from a 31-node Zigbee (802.15.4) testbed that includes Telos motes with 2.4 GHz Chipcon radios and GNU Radio nodes implementing the 802.15.4 standard show that PP-ARQ increases end-to-end capacity by a factor of 2x under moderate load.
HERO: Hierarchical Energy Optimization for Data Center Networks (2013)

The rapid escalating power consumption has become critically important to modern data centers. Existing works on reducing the power consumption of network elements formulate the power optimization problem for a general network topology and require a centralized controller. As the scale of data centers increases, the complexity of solving this optimization problem increases rapidly. Inspired from the hierarchical data center network (DCN) topologies and data center traffic patterns, we design a two-level, pod-level, and core-level power optimization model, namely, Hierarchical EneRgy Optimization (HERO), to reduce the power consumption of network elements by switching off network switches and links while still guaranteeing full connectivity and maximizing link utilization. Given a physical DCN topology and a traffic matrix, we illustrate that two-level power optimizations in HERO fall in the class of capacitated multicommodity minimum cost flow (CMCF) problem, which is NP-hard. Therefore, we design several heuristic algorithms based on different switch elimination criteria to solve the proposed HERO optimization problem. The power-saving performance of the proposed HERO model is evaluated by several experiments with different traffic patterns. Our simulations demonstrate that HERO can reduce power consumptions of network elements effectively with reduced complexity.
Fluid catalytic cracking with catalyst stripping zones (1988)

This patent describes a process for fluid catalytic cracking of a hydrocarbon feedstock, comprising: passing a cracking catalyst and feedstock upwardly through a riser conversion zone under fluid catalytic cracking conditions to crack the feedstock and form a mixture of cracking products and catalyst, discharging the mixture at a discharge temperature from the riser; centrifugally separating catalyst from the mixture of cracking products and catalyst, stripping the separated catalyst by contacting it with a stream of stripping gas in a confined preliminary stripping zone, combining the stripping gas from the preliminary stripping zone with the cracking products and passing them to an exit of the preliminary stripping zone, heating the stripped catalyst from the preliminary stripping zone by combining it with regenerated catalyst from a fluid catalytic cracking catalyst regenerator vessel to from combined catalyst, hot stripping the combined catalyst by contact with a stream of stripping gas in a hot stripping zone at a hot stripping temperature between 100/sup 0/F above the discharge temperature and 1500/sup 0/F, the regenerated catalyst having a temperature between 100/sup 0/F above the hot stripping temperature and 1600/sup 0/F, to form hot stripped catalyst and a stream of stripping gas and stripped hydrocarbons.
Design and control of lossless multi-way power combining and outphasing systems (2011)

A lossless multi-way power combining and outphasing system has been recently proposed which offers major performance advantages over conventional approaches such as Chireix power combining. This paper presents a new outphasing control strategy for the proposed system that enables output power control through effective load modulation of the power amplifiers while minimizing susceptive variations in loading. Moreover, a simple methodology for designing the combiner is introduced.
Acute stroke, Bayes’ theorem and the art and science of emergency decision-making (2013)

decisions (in fact, most decisions made in everyday life) are generated rapidly and unconsciously through the implicit system. Algorithms, protocols and checklists help to defend the practitioner from making poor decisions by directing them through a series of rigid unbiased evidence-based steps. In the process of developing these algorithms and protocols for an emergency situation, the time taken to follow the algorithm has to be balanced against the benefit it provides in the overall process. In the setting of acute ischemic stroke and the treatments of thrombolysis or thrombectomy, there are several important factors to consider when attempting to improve upon clinician decision-making.
TFET-based cellular neural network architectures (2013)

It is well known that CMOS scaling trends are now accompanied by less desirable byproducts such as increased energy dissipation. To combat the aforementioned challenges, solutions are sought at both the device and architectural levels. With this context, this work focuses on embedding a low voltage device, a Tunneling Field Effect Transistor (TFET) within a Cellular Neural Network (CNN) -- a low power analog computing architecture. Our study shows that TFET-based CNN systems, aside from being fully functional, also provide significant power savings when compared to the conventional resistor-based CNN. Our initial studies suggest that power savings are possible by carefully engineering lower voltage, lower current TFET devices without sacrificing performance. Moreover, TFET-based CNN reduces implementation footprints by eliminating the hardware required to realize output transfer functions. Application dynamics are verified through simulations. We conclude the paper with a discussion of desired device characteristics for CNN architectures with enhanced functionality.
Generation of Storable Retinal Organoids and Retinal Pigmented Epithelium from Adherent Human iPS Cells in Xeno-Free and Feeder-Free Conditions (2017)

Human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs) are potentially useful in regenerative therapies for retinal disease. For medical applications, therapeutic retinal cells, such as retinal pigmented epithelial (RPE) cells or photoreceptor precursors, must be generated under completely defined conditions. To this purpose, we have developed a two-step xeno-free/feeder-free (XF/FF) culture system to efficiently differentiate hiPSCs into retinal cells. This simple method, relies only on adherent hiPSCs cultured in chemically defined media, bypassing embryoid body formation. In less than 1 month, adherent hiPSCs are able to generate self-forming neuroretinal-like structures containing retinal progenitor cells (RPCs). Floating cultures of isolated structures enabled the differentiation of RPCs into all types of retinal cells in a sequential overlapping order, with the generation of transplantation-compatible CD73<sup>+</sup> photoreceptor precursors in less than 100 days. Our XF/FF culture conditions allow the maintenance of both mature cones and rods in retinal organoids until 280 days with specific photoreceptor ultrastructures. Moreover, both hiPSC-derived retinal organoids and dissociated retinal cells can be easily cryopreserved while retaining their phenotypic characteristics and the preservation of CD73<sup>+</sup> photoreceptor precursors. Concomitantly to neural retina, this process allows the generation of RPE cells that can be effortlessly amplified, passaged, and frozen while retaining a proper RPE phenotype. These results demonstrate that simple and efficient retinal differentiation of adherent hiPSCs can be accomplished in XF/FF conditions. This new method is amenable to the development of an in vitro GMP-compliant retinal cell manufacturing protocol allowing large-scale production and banking of hiPSC-derived retinal cells and tissues. Stem Cells 2017;35:1176-1188.
Characteristics of a weakly ionized non-neutral plasma (1996)

A scheme that allows stable confinement of a weakly ionized non‐neutral plasma is discussed. The method requires the forced rotation of the neutral gas within the trap about an axis that roughly coincides with the trap’s magnetic and mechanical axes. A number of the basic equilibrium and nonequilibrium properties of such a trapped plasma are calculated.
Learning constitutive equations of physical components with predefined feasibility conditions (2019)

Complete models of physical systems enable a plethora of model-based methods in control, diagnosis or prognosis. Proprietary information and system complexity often hinder building such models. We address here the problem of learning physical representations of components in partially known physical systems. These representations need to be feasible: when included in the system model, at minimum the model has to simulate. We propose mathematical models for the component representations and give necessary and sufficient conditions for their feasibility. We demonstrate our approach on a illustrative example where we learn different representations of an unknown resistor component in an electrical circuit.
Stabilized precoder for indoor radio communications (2000)

A low complexity, stabilized precoder for broadband indoor radio is presented, which uses radial root reduction for stability, and so avoids the use of a module operator. Simulations show that the stabilized precoder has comparable performance to Tomlinson-Harashima (1971) precoding with perfect automatic gain control (AGC), and is immune to AGC fluctuations which degrade the performance of TH precoding.
Ultrasonic sensing for noninvasive characterization of oil-water-gas flow in a pipe (2017)

A technique for noninvasive ultrasonic characterization of multiphase crude oil-water-gas flow is discussed. The proposed method relies on determining the sound speed in the mixture. First, important issues associated with making real-time noninvasive measurements are discussed. Then, signal processing approach adopted to determine the sound speed in the multiphase mixture is presented. Finally, results from controlled experiments on crude oil-water mixture in both the presence and absence of gas are presented.
A class of digitally programmable <i>n</i>th‐order filters (2011)

SUMMARY A family of new high‐order filters capable of providing all filter functions without changing the circuit topology is proposed for integrated circuit applications. The proposed filters are based on simple active elements, namely, digitally controlled current amplifiers (DCCAs) and unity gain voltage buffers (VBs). Gains of DCCAs are digitally programmed to adjust the coefficients of transfer functions. R2R ladders are also utilized to increase the tuning flexibility of the proposed filters. A filter replicating the famous KHN biquad is extended to realize general n th‐order filters. Comparison with the recent works shows that the proposed approach results in more efficient realizations compared with its counterparts based on other current‐mode active elements. Experimental results obtained from a fourth‐order filter implemented using devices fabricated in a 0.35‐µm CMOS process are provided. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Interferometric droplet imaging for in situ aerosol characterization in an inductively coupled plasma (2006)

Size, velocity and evaporation rate of droplets in an Ar inductively coupled plasma (ICP) are simultaneously measured for the first time using a novel laser based imaging technique. In interferometric droplet imaging (IDI), an interference pattern created by the reflected and refracted rays from a droplet are collected in an out-of-focus image. The droplet diameter is determined by counting the number of fringes in the collected interference pattern. Combination of IDI and particle tracking velocimetry (PTV) provides the capability of monitoring droplet properties during the journey inside ICP. Using a demountable-direct injection high efficiency nebulizer, droplets in the range of 3–30 μm in diameter traveling at 15–70 m s−1 are observed in the analytical zone of the ICP. The upper velocity threshold for surviving droplets is determined by the nebulizer gas flow rate, whereas the lower threshold is mainly influenced by thermal expansion of the plasma gas. Droplet evaporation rates (0.26–0.36 mm2 s−1) are in good agreement with other reports and theoretical simulations for droplets in a 3000 K Ar environment.
Towards targeted therapy for Angelman syndrome (2016)

Introduction: Angelman syndrome (AS) is a monogenic disorder with a prevalence of 1 in 10-15,000 and is characterized by severe developmental delay, ataxia, and epilepsy. AS is associated with a neuron-specific loss of function of the maternal UBE3A allele, a gene that encodes for a ubiquitin ligase. The null mutation AS mouse model lends well to therapeutic evaluation related to potential treatments for this disorder.Areas covered: This outlook focuses on advances in both pharmacological and molecular therapies that have been explored specifically in the AS mouse model. The utility of the animal model has broadened our current understanding of the disorder and potential therapeutic targets, and provides a better idea of how therapeutics may look in the future as we advance toward clinical trials in this population.Expert opinion: Great advances in all areas of Angelman syndrome research is tempered by requirements to be met at the level of target identification, models of AS, addressing the needs of the AS population, and the clinical trials that will seek their involvement.
Quantum computation with optical coherent states (2003)

We show that quantum computation circuits using coherent states as the logical qubits can be constructed from simple linear networks, conditional photon measurements, and ``small'' coherent superposition resource states.