gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Monofilar Spiral Slot Antenna for Dual-Frequency Dual-Sense Circular Polarization (2011)

A dual-band antenna with right-hand circular polarization for the first frequency and the counter polarization at the second frequency is realized with compact printed spiral slots. The coupled spiral slots are fed by a 50 Ω microstrip line. Dual-sense circularly-polarized performance is achieved by realizing oppositely-directed current rotation for the two frequency bands. A parametric study shows that the additional slot significantly improves the bandwidth for both frequency bands. Measured results show that the fractional impedance bandwidth is greater than 18% for both bands. The 3 dB axial-ratio bandwidths are 4.5% and 3.5% for the RHCP and LHCP bands, respectively.
Determination of complex residual error parameters of a calibrated vector network analyzer (2007)

A novel technique for the determination of the residual directivity and the residual source match of a calibrated one-port vector network analyzer is investigated. The method corresponds to the “ripple extraction” schemes and is based on a single reflection measurement employing a high precision airline terminated by a short. The complex-valued residual system errors are not directly measured, but will be extracted over the entire measured frequency range by a sophisticated data analyzing scheme utilizing, among other things, bandpass filtering and linear prediction. By modeling the utilized short, also the residual reflection tracking can be estimated. Thus, in comparison with a standard SOL calibration (performed with sliding load), a VNA accuracy enhancement can be achieved by second-order error correction.
POXN: A New Passive Optical Cross-Connection Network for Low-Cost Power-Efficient Datacenters (2014)

Passive optical devices, characterized by low cost, zero energy consumption, and high reliability, are essential building blocks for today's telecom network infrastructure, permeating from conventional backbone transport networks towards next-generation broadband access networks. Motivated by the striking features of passive optical devices, in this paper, we seek their potential applications in emerging datacenter networks to tackle the scalability challenges arising from cost and power. Specifically, we propose passive optical cross-connection networks (POXNs) that enable cost-saving, power-efficient, and reliable communication within datacenters. To support POXNs in warehouse-scale datacenters, we address physical-layer scalability challenges by using advanced interconnection techniques. Next, we propose a distributed polling protocol to address link-layer issues that arise from the broadcast nature of the medium. The performance of our protocol is studied through analysis and simulation. In particular, we develop an analytical model to compute lower and upper bounds on the expected delay of a packet. Numerical results show that the mean packet delay is equal to the lower bound in one regime, while converges to the upper bound in the complementary regime. Results also show that our protocol can achieve high bandwidth efficiency (no less than 85% in our studied case). Additionally, we demonstrate that our protocol can embrace scheduling algorithms that support fairness and QoS. Last, we sketch the roles POXNs can play in various datacenter network architectures in terms of capital and operational cost reductions.
Capillary Electrophoresis−Fluorescence Line-Narrowing System for On-Line Structural Characterization of Molecular Analytes (1996)

We have demonstrated, for the first time, that capillary electrophoresis (CE) can be interfaced with low-temperature fluorescence line-narrowing (FLN) spectroscopy for on-line structural characterization. Detection by laser-induced fluorescence spectroscopy, under fluorescence non-line-narrowing and line-narrowing conditions, provides three-dimensional electropherograms and FLN spectra, which lead to significantly improved overall resolution and allow for structural characterization ("fingerprinting") of molecular analytes. This novel CE-FLN system consists of a modular CE system, instrumentation for FLN spectroscopy, and a specially designed capillary cryostat (CC). An absorbance detector serves to determine the migration rates of analytes. After the 77 K fluorescence-based electropherogram is generated, the temperature of the capillary is lowered to 4.2 K for high-resolution FLN characterization. Automated translation of the CC and capillary in the direction of the capillary axis allows the separated analytes to be sequentially characterized by fluorescence spectroscopy as the capillary is translated through the laser excitation region. Detection of fluorescence from stationary CE-separated analytes significantly improves the accuracy of quantitation and structural characterization. We believe that this interfacing represents an exciting addition to the rapidly evolving field of CE, providing a new and powerful tool for chemical analysis. The first application of the CE-FLN system to a mixture of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons is presented; prospects and future applications of CE-FLN are briefly addressed.
Fluorescence depth estimation from wide-field optical imaging data for guiding brain tumor resection: a multi-inclusion phantom study (2017)

Studies have shown that fluorescent agents demarcate tumor from surrounding brain tissue and offer intraoperative guidance during resection. However, visualization of fluorescence signal from tumor below the surgical surface or through the appearance of blood in the surgical field is challenging. We have previously described red light imaging techniques for estimating fluorescent depths in turbid media. In this study, we evaluate these methods over a broader range of fluorophore concentrations, and investigate the ability to resolve multiple fluorescent emissions in the same plane or at different depths along the axis of imaging. A tungsten halogen lamp is used as a broadband white light source for reflectance imaging. Fluorescence from Alexa Fluor 647 is excited with a 635 nm diode laser. Reflectance and fluorescence spectral data are gathered between 670 and 720 nm with the use of a liquid crystal tunable filter and recorded on a sCMOS camera. Results show that two fluorescent emissions can be resolved within 2 mm if they are in the same plane or within 3 mm if they are at different depths along the axis of imaging up to 6 mm below the surface.
CTAS: a novel low‐cost capillary‐based cell and tissue acquisition system (2010)

Heterogeneity in tissue samples and cell cultures is a limiting factor that hinders sound cell‐specific molecular studies of disease and health both for gene expression and proteomic analyses. Tissue microdissection and cell sorting technologies have advanced in the last decade from manual dissection to sophisticated but costly laser capture microdissection (LCM) instruments and high speed fluorescence assisted cell sorting systems (FACS). We have developed a low‐cost user‐friendly microdissection device that offers similar capabilities to LCM and FACS. This instrument is a novel capillary‐based vacuum‐assisted cell and tissue acquisition system (CTAS). CTAS is attached to an inverted microscope, and offers a way to dissect tissues and cell cultures at a cellular resolution. RNA and protein isolated from cells harvested with CTAS are of high quality fit for downstream applications, such as microarrays and Western blots. Further, cells collected using CTAS are viable, and can be used for cell cultures. CTAS is currently a fully functional prototype that has demonstrated its capabilities in the central nervous system samples, i.e. spinal cord and brain. This instrument can be applied for the collection of cells from various tissues, and is able to do so more cost effectively than the existing technology of LCM and FACS. This work was supported by NIH Grant RR024059‐01 (LCK).
Design, Synthesis, and Biological Evaluation of Aminoalkylindole Derivatives as Cannabinoid Receptor Ligands with Potential for Treatment of Alcohol Abuse (2013)

Attenuation of increased endocannabinoid signaling with a CB1R neutral antagonist might offer a new therapeutic direction for treatment of alcohol abuse. We have recently reported that a monohydroxylated metabolite of the synthetic aminoalkylindole cannabinoid JHW-073 (3) exhibits neutral antagonist activity at CB1Rs and thus may serve as a promising lead for the development of novel alcohol abuse therapies. In the current study, we show that systematic modification of an aminoalkylindole scaffold identified two new compounds with dual CB1R antagonist/CB2R agonist activity. Similar to the CB1R antagonist/inverse agonist rimonabant, analogues 27 and 30 decrease oral alcohol self-administration without affecting total fluid intake and block the development of alcohol-conditioned place preference. Collectively, these initial findings suggest that design and systematic modification of aminoalkylindoles such as 3 may lead to development of novel cannabinoid ligands with dual CB1R antagonist/CB2R agonist activity with potential for use as treatments of alcohol abuse.
<i>Ex Vivo</i> Programming of Dendritic Cells by Mitochondria-Targeted Nanoparticles to Produce Interferon-Gamma for Cancer Immunotherapy (2013)

One of the limitations for clinical applications of dendritic cell (DC)-based cancer immunotherapy is the low potency in generating tumor antigen specific T cell responses. We examined the immunotherapeutic potential of a mitochondria-targeted nanoparticle (NP) based on a biodegradable polymer and zinc phthalocyanine (ZnPc) photosensitizer (T-ZnPc-NPs). Here, we report that tumor antigens generated from treatment of breast cancer cells with T-ZnPc-NPs upon light stimulation activate DCs to produce high levels of interferon-gamma, an important cytokine considered as a product of T and natural killer cells. The remarkable ex vivo DC stimulation ability of this tumor cell supernatant is a result of an interleukin (IL)-12/IL-18 autocrine effect. These findings contribute to the understanding of how in situ light activation amplifies the host immune responses when NPs deliver the photosensitizer to the mitochondria and open up the possibility of using mitochondria-targeted-NP-treated, light-activated cancer cell supernatants as possible vaccines.
Scintillation event energy measurement via a pulse model based iterative deconvolution method (2013)

This work focuses on event energy measurement, a crucial task of scintillation detection systems. We modeled the scintillation detector as a linear system and treated the energy measurement as a deconvolution problem. We proposed a pulse model based iterative deconvolution (PMID) method, which can process pileup events without detection and is adaptive for different signal pulse shapes. The proposed method was compared with digital gated integrator (DGI) and digital delay-line clipping (DDLC) using real world experimental data. For singles data, the energy resolution (ER) produced by PMID matched that of DGI. For pileups, the PMID method outperformed both DGI and DDLC in ER and counts recovery. The encouraging results suggest that the PMID method has great potentials in applications like photon-counting systems and pulse height spectrometers, in which multiple-event pileups are common.
Supercontinuum generation in a fiber grating (2004)

We show that supercontinuum generation in a fiber containing a Bragg grating exhibits &gt;10× enhancement near the Bragg resonance wavelength. We also show that the grating dispersion exceeds the waveguide dispersion over a bandwidth far in excess of its photonic band gap. The observed enhancement is consistent with nonlinear Schrödinger equation simulations of the supercontinuum formation that combine grating and waveguide dispersion.
Additive and Synergistic Bactericidal Activity of Antibodies Directed against Minor Outer Membrane Proteins of <i>Neisseria meningitidis</i> (2007)

Neisseria meningitidis serogroup B is a major cause of bacterial meningitis in younger populations. The available vaccines are based on outer membrane vesicles obtained from wild-type strains. In children less than 2 years old they confer protection only against strains expressing homologous PorA, a major, variable outer membrane protein (OMP). We genetically modified a strain in order to eliminate PorA and to overproduce one or several minor and conserved OMPs. Using a mouse model mimicking children's PorA-specific bactericidal activity, it was demonstrated that overproduction of more than one minor OMP is required to elicit antibodies able to induce complement-mediated killing of strains expressing heterologous PorA. It is concluded that a critical density of bactericidal antibodies needs to be reached at the surface of meningococci to induce complement-mediated killing. With minor OMPs, this threshold is reached when more than one antigen is targeted, and this allows cross-protection.
Synthesis of substituted 2H-benzo[e]indazole-9-carboxylate as a potent antihyperglycemic agent that may act through IRS-1, Akt and GSK-3β pathways (2016)

Based on high throughput screening of our chemical library, we identified two 4,5-dihydro-2<i>H</i>-benzo[<i>e</i>]indazole derivatives (<b>5d</b> and <b>5g</b>), which displayed a significant effect on glucose uptake in L6 skeletal muscle cells. Based on these lead molecules, a series of benzo[<i>e</i>]indazole derivatives were prepared. Among all the synthesized dihydro-2<i>H</i>-benzo[<i>e</i>]indazoles, 8-(methylthio)-2-phenyl-6-<i>p</i>-tolyl-4,5-dihydro-2<i>H</i>-benzo[<i>e</i>]indazole-9-carboxylate (<b>5e</b>) showed significant glucose uptake stimulation in L6 skeletal muscle cells, even better than lead compounds. Additionally, <b>5e</b> decreased glucagon-induced glucose release in HepG2 hepatoma cells. The 2<i>H</i>-benzo[<i>e</i>]indazole <b>5e</b> exerted an antihyperglycemic effect in normal, sucrose challenged streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats and type 2 diabetic <i>db</i>/<i>db</i> mice. Treatment with <b>5e</b> at a dose of 30 mg kg<sup>-1</sup> in <i>db</i>/<i>db</i> mice caused a significant decrease in triglyceride and total cholesterol levels and increased the HDL-C level in a significant manner. The mechanistic studies revealed that the 2<i>H</i>-benzo[<i>e</i>]indazole <b>5e</b> significantly stimulated insulin-induced signaling at the level of IRS-1, Akt and GSK-3β in L6 skeletal muscle cells, possibly by inhibiting protein tyrosine phosphatase-1B. This new 2<i>H</i>-benzo[<i>e</i>]indazole derivative has potential for the treatment of diabetes with improved lipid profile.
<title>Identification of anisoelasticity for electrostatic trimming of rate-integrating gyroscopes</title> (2002)

This paper describes a technique for detection of anisoelasticities in rate integrating gyroscopes as part of a self-calibrative control architecture. In contrast to laser trimming typically done in post processing to compensate for structural imperfections, the on-chip control architecture uses feedforward voltage control to tune the non-linear negative spring effects inherent in parallel plate electrodes in order to electrostatically 'trim' the structural non-idealities. As the first steps toward the feedforward control realization, we present three different algorithms that can be implemented on-chip for identification of structural anisoelasticities. The first technique utilizes the results of measured static displacements, requiring precise knowledge of displacements and applied forces. The second technique involves solving for the non-ideal stiffness parameters using Principal Component Analysis and Fourier transforms of the dynamic system response. The last technique embellishes on the second by the addition of an energy compensation control to overcome damping effects in low Q systems. Finally, the implementation of this algorithm in the electrostatic trimming' of structural imperfections is discussed.
High efficiency terahertz generation and detection in the organic nonlinear optical crystal OH1 (2009)

We demonstrate highly efficient generation and detection of broadband THz pulses in the organic nonlinear optical crystal OH1. We achieved a photon conversion efficiency of 11 percent through optical rectification of 45 μJ laser pulses.
Discovery Proxy for Multicast DNS-Based Service Discovery (2020)

This document specifies a network proxy that uses Multicast DNS to
automatically populate the wide-area unicast Domain Name System
namespace with records describing devices and services found on the
local link.
Delay analysis of selective-repeat ARQ with applications to link adaptation in wireless packet data systems (2005)

Radio link control (RLC) protocols are typically employed for reliable in-sequence delivery of service data units (SDUs) in wireless packet data systems. The RLC layer segments packets obtained from the upper layer (referred to as SDUs) into smaller RLC transmission units (or blocks) and uses selective-repeat automatic repeat request (SR-ARQ) for error recovery of RLC blocks. In earlier work, SR-ARQ performance is typically characterized in terms of the long-term throughput or in-sequence delivery delay of RLC blocks. The SDU delivery delay which is a more meaningful measure of RLC performance (in terms of the service provided to a higher layer, e.g., transmission control protocol) has not been quantified. In this paper, we analyze the SDU delivery delay of SR-ARQ as a function of the SDU size and the channel coding scheme employed. Closed-form delay expressions as well as approximations are provided. The analysis is verified through enhanced general packet radio service RLC simulations. Based on the analysis, we propose that link adaptation be backlog dependent in order to reduce the SDU delivery delay at the RLC layer.
A Shadow Removal Method for a Mobile Robot Localization Using External Surveillance Cameras (2015)

Shadow detection and removal is important to deal with vision based mobile robot localization. The shadow cast by objects within environment which a mobile robot moves can lead to inaccurate object feature extraction and an erroneous scene analysis. To remove the shadow of an object, the difference image between the original and background image is usually used. However, as the shadow area caused by the light source comes out, it should be removed to obtain the accurate object image. In this paper, we used the surveillance cameras installed at the room ceiling for vision based robot localization. Time-consuming algorithm is difficult applied for the mobile robot localization. Therefore, we proposed a fast shadow removal algorithm based the HSV color space. Generally, the shadow removal method by the HSV color space is speedy but not enough to find shadow property compared with other methods. Shadow mask and HSV color space are used together to detect the shadow region. Experimental results show that the proposed method is simple to understand, can detect and remove shadow effectively for a mobile robot localization.
Visible light generation by self-frequency doubling in Nd:YCOB (1998)

Summary form only given. We report on an alternate approach to generate high-power, visible laser light by incorporating the harmonic conversion element into the gain medium. We describe the first results of self-frequency doubling in one of a new class of laser hosts, the oxoborates. This new laser material, 2% Nd:YCa/sub 4/O(BO/sub 3/)/sub 3/ (Nd:YCOB) was grown by the Czochralski method. Single crystals can be grown exceeding 40 mm in diameter and 150 mm in length from a congruent melt. The crystals are nonhygroscopic with good optical and mechanical properties, permitting easy fabrication of laser samples. Preliminary absorption spectroscopy indicates several strong absorption peaks near 808 nm, making this material amenable to laser diode pumping. Initial experiments were performed to investigate the potential of this material as a laser medium.
Applications of the NTID speech recognition test (NSRT(®)). (2015)

Among its numerous results, the NSRT yields quantitative predictions of frequency-specific hearing thresholds, provides insight into the phonetic errors that affect speech understanding in adults who suffer from sensorineural hearing loss, primarily in the - 10 to 55 dB HL range, and has implications for the design of individualized auditory training programs.
A survey of applied robotics for tree pruning near overhead power lines (2014)

This paper presents a review of several robotic tools applied to the activity of pruning near power distribution lines. Power utilities prune trees to minimize the tree-caused power outages, because they are the greatest single cause of outages for power utilities in overhead distribution systems. Pruning trees around overhead power lines is considered a dangerous task due to many factors such as the risk of fall, electrical shock, accidents with the pruning tools and insect attack. Therefore robotic systems may provide a significant increase not only in productivity but also may provide a safe environment to perform the task. The article discusses both airborne and ground-based robots. Since most existing works in the literature are related to rural areas, this paper discusses some requirements to enable this kind of technology in urban areas.
Gene probes for the detection of 6-deoxyhexose metabolism in secondary metabolite-producing streptomycetes (1992)

DNA probes were designed from the streptomycin production genes strDELM of Streptomyces griseus involved in the biosynthesis of the 6-deoxyhexose (6DOH) dihydrostreptose which could detect the genomic fragments coding for 6DOH formation in other actinomycetes strains. In about 70% of the 43 strains tested at least one signal could be detected with strD-, strE- or strL M-specific probes. Evidence is presented that the hybridizing genes are mostly clustered and probably engaged in the formation of secondary metabolites. Because of the wide-spread use of 6DOH constituents in natural products these probes should allow to detect a vast array of different secondary metabolic gene clusters in actinomycetes.
Self-navigated motion correction using moments of spatial projections in radial MRI (2004)

Interest in radial MRI, also known as projection reconstruction (PR) MRI, has increased recently for uses such as fast scanning and undersampled acquisitions. Additionally, PR acquisitions have intrinsic advantages over standard two-dimensional Fourier transform (2DFT) imaging with respect to motion of the imaged object. It is well known that alignment of each spatial domain projection's center of mass (calculated using each projection's 0th and 1st moments) to the center of the field of view corrects shifts caused by in-plane translation. Here we report a previously unrealized ability to determine the in-plane rotational motion of an imaged object using the 2nd moments of the translation-corrected spatial domain projections. The correction requires only the PR data itself and a new projection view angle acquisition time order. The proposed view angle time order allows the acquisition to be "self-navigating" with respect to both in-plane translation and rotation. Image reconstruction using the aligned projections and detected acquisition angles can eliminate or significantly reduce image artifacts due to such motion. We describe the theory of the correction technique and demonstrate its effectiveness using a computer-controlled motion phantom executing 2-D in-plane translations and a customized pulse sequence capable of introducing known in-plane rotational errors.
A balanced optical-RF phase detector (2006)

A balanced optical-RF phase detector for the extraction of low-jitter RF-signals from optical pulse trains, which is robust against drifts and photodetector nonlinearities, is presented. Sub-10 fs in-loop relative timing jitter is demonstrated.