gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Daily vision testing can expose the prodromal phase of migraine (2017)

Background Several visual tasks have been proposed as indirect assays of the balance between cortical inhibition and excitation in migraine. This study aimed to determine whether daily measurement of performance on such tasks can reveal perceptual changes in the build up to migraine events. Methods Visual performance was measured daily at home in 16 non-headache controls and 18 individuals with migraine using a testing protocol on a portable tablet device. Observers performed two tasks: luminance increment detection in spatial luminance noise and centre surround contrast suppression. Results Luminance thresholds were reduced in migraine compared to control groups ( p < 0.05), but thresholds did not alter across the migraine cycle; while headache-free, centre-surround contrast suppression was stronger for the migraine group relative to controls ( p < 0.05). Surround suppression weakened at around 48 hours prior to a migraine attack and strengthened to approach their headache-free levels by 24 hours post-migraine (main effect of timing, p < 0.05). Conclusions Daily portable testing of vision enabled insight into perceptual performance in the lead up to migraine events, a time point that is typically difficult to capture experimentally. Perceptual surround suppression of contrast fluctuates during the migraine cycle, supporting the utility of this measure as an indirect, non-invasive assay of the balance between cortical inhibition and excitation.
Distance-Adaptive Virtual Network Embedding in Software-Defined Optical Networks (2013)

We address the first distance-adaptive virtual network embedding problem in software-defined optical networks, and propose a fragmentation-aware algorithm. The impacts of fixed and flexible grid transports are evaluated in the number of embedded virtual instances.
A Novel Capacitive Detection Scheme With Inherent Self-Calibration (2007)

This paper reports a novel capacitive detection method, called the sideband-ratio (SBR) detection, which is robust to variations of such critical parameters as the nominal capacitance, frequency, and amplitude of the probing voltage and gain of the transimpedance amplifier. The approach constructively utilizes the inherent nonlinearity of parallel-plate sense capacitors in order to measure the amplitude of sinusoidal motion. In the case of parallel-plate detection signal, multiple harmonics exist and each carry information about the amplitude of mechanical motion. The SBR method robustly extracts the amplitude of motion from the ratio of multiple sidebands. This paper presents theoretical background and analysis of this nonlinear measurement method. A real-time measurement algorithm is implemented in software and simulated. Feasibility of the developed approach is demonstrated experimentally.
Hydrolysis of Rosmarinic Acid from Rosemary Extract with Esterases and Lactobacillus johnsonii in Vitro and in a Gastrointestinal Model (2009)

Rosmarinic acid (RA) was identified as one of the main components of rosemary extracts and has been ascribed to a number of health benefits. Several studies suggested that after ingestion, RA is metabolized by gut microflora into caffeic acid and derivatives. However, only limited information on the microorganisms and enzymes involved in this biotransformation is available. In this study, we investigated the hydrolysis of RA from rosemary extract with enzymes and a probiotic bacterium Lactobacillus johnsonii NCC 533. Chlorogenate esterase from Aspergillus japonicus (0.02 U/mg) hydrolyzed 90% of RA (5 mg/mL) after 2 h at pH 7.0 and 40 degrees C. Complete hydrolysis of RA (5 mg/mL) was achieved with a preparation of L. johnsonii (25 mg/mL, 3.3 E9 cfu/g) after 2 h of incubation at pH 7.0 and 37 degrees C. No hydrolysis of RA was observed after the passage of rosemary extract through the gastrointestinal tract model (GI model). Thus, RA is hydrolyzed neither chemically under the conditions of the GI model (temperature, pH, and bile salts) nor by secreted enzymatic activity (lipase and pancreatic enzymes). The addition of L. johnsonii cells to rosemary extract in the GI model resulted in substantial hydrolysis of RA (up to 99%).
Discovery of a Linear Peptide for Improving Tumor Targeting of Gene Products and Treatment of Distal Tumors by IL-12 Gene Therapy (2011)

Like many effective therapeutics, interleukin-12 (IL-12) therapy often causes side effects. Tumor targeted delivery may improve the efficacy and decrease the toxicity of systemic IL-12 treatments. In this study, a novel targeting approach was investigated. A secreted alkaline phosphatase (SEAP) reporter gene-based screening process was used to identify a mini-peptide which can be produced in vivo to target gene products to tumors. The coding region for the best peptide was inserted into an IL-12 gene to determine the antitumor efficacy. Affinity chromatography, mass spectrometry analysis, and binding studies were used to identify a receptor for this peptide. We discovered that the linear peptide VNTANST increased the tumor accumulation of the reporter gene products in five independent tumor models including one human xenogeneic model. The product from VNTANST-IL-12 fusion gene therapy increased accumulation of IL-12 in the tumor environment, and in three tumor models, VNTANST-IL-12 gene therapy inhibited distal tumor growth. In a spontaneous lung metastasis model, inhibition of metastatic tumor growth was improved compared to wild-type IL-12 gene therapy, and in a squamous cell carcinoma model, toxic liver lesions were reduced. The receptor for VNTANST was identified as vimentin. These results show the promise of using VNTANST to improve IL-12 treatments.
Migration and Proliferation of Intact and Genetically Modified Primordial Germ Cells and the Generation of a Transgenic Chicken1 (2009)

This study evaluated gonadal migration and postmigratory proliferation of intact and genetically modified chicken primordial germ cells (PGCs). A randomized, controlled trial was conducted with the gonadal population of PGCs and transgenic chicken production as major parameters. PGCs (0, 90, 900, 1800, or 3000 cells) were transferred into 53-h-old embryos. The percentage of PGCs migrating on Day 6 of development was highest (35.8%) following the transfer of 900 PGCs and did not change with increases in transferred PGCs. The number of migrating PGCs gradually increased (P = 0.0001) as the number of transferred PGCs was increased. Gonadal migration was detected after the transfer of intact and genetically modified PGCs, but prominent decreases in PGC migration (from 21.9% to 0.38%) and chimera ratio (from 0.4 to 0.007) occurred with genetically modified PGCs. However, subsequent vigorous proliferation of the modified PGCs (3.67-fold increase from transferred number) led to the derivation of a germline chimera and produced a transgenic hatchling. In conclusion, the number of migrating PGCs increased as the number of transferred cells increased. Vigorous proliferation after transfer compensated for the decreased migration capacity of genetically modified PGCs and resulted in the production of a transgenic chicken.
AB diblock copolymers as charge directors in liquid toners (1990)

AB diblock copolymer additives offer many process and product improvements in liquid electrostatic toners. One area where AB diblocks are superior is as hydrocarbon-soluble charge directors. Unlike conventional charging agents for liquid toners, which are typically natural occurring substances or by-products of the oil industry, these polymers are synthetic, thus can be made reproducibly and pure. Also, their high molecular weights result in very low toxicity vs. nonpolymeric charge directors. In the past, polymeric charge directors for liquid toners have been random copolymers, made from at least two monomers: a polar one to impart charge, and a non-polar one for hydrocarbon solublity. AB diblock copoiymer charge directors have been found to be superior to conventional and random diblock copolymers.1 In random copolymers, the mixing of the polar and nonpolar components dilute the desired charging, resin compatibility, and hydrocarbon solubility of the additives. With AB diblocks, the non-polar and polar segments of the polymer are completely separated, resulting in a sufactant-type structure, which can form inverse micelles with toner particles in hydrocarbon dispersants. Also, since these polymers are grown stepwise, the length and composition of each block can be precisely controlled to optimize for a specific toner. In this work, syntheses of hydrocarbon-soluble AB diblock quaternary ammonium salts and their behavior as negative charge directors in toners are discussed.
Patterned Growth of Carbon Nanotubes or Nanofibers (2004)

A method and apparatus for the growth of carbon nanotubes or nanofibers in a desired pattern has been invented. The essence of the method is to grow the nanotubes or nanofibers by chemical vapor deposition (CVD) onto a patterned catalyst supported by a substrate. The figure schematically depicts salient aspects of the method and apparatus in a typical application. A substrate is placed in a chamber that contains both ion-beam sputtering and CVD equipment. The substrate can be made of any of a variety of materials that include several forms of silicon or carbon, and selected polymers, metals, ceramics, and even some natural minerals and similar materials. Optionally, the substrate is first coated with a noncatalytic metal layer (which could be a single layer or could comprise multiple different sublayers) by ion-beam sputtering. The choice of metal(s) and thickness(es) of the first layer (if any) and its sublayers (if any) depends on the chemical and electrical properties required for subsequent deposition of the catalyst and the subsequent CVD of the carbon nanotubes. A typical first-sublayer metal is Pt, Pd, Cr, Mo, Ti, W, or an alloy of two or more of these elements. A typical metal for the second sublayer or for an undivided first layer is Al at a thickness .1 nm or Ir at a thickness .5 nm. Proper choice of the metal for a second sublayer of a first layer makes it possible to use a catalyst that is chemically incompatible with the substrate. In the next step, a mask having holes in the desired pattern is placed over the coated substrate. The catalyst is then deposited on the coated substrate by ion-beam sputtering through the mask. Optionally, the catalyst could be deposited by a technique other than sputtering and/or patterned by use of photolithography, electron- beam lithography, or another suitable technique. The catalytic metal can be Fe, Co, Ni, or an alloy of two or more of these elements, deposited to a typical thickness in the range from 0.1 to 20 nm.
A rateless coded protocol for half-duplex wireless relay channels (2010)

We propose a rateless coded protocol for a half-duplex wireless relay channel where all links experience independent quasi-static Rayleigh fading. The protocol utilizes a combination of rateless coded decode-forward and compress-forward relaying schemes. Assuming very limited feedback from the destination, we derive the theoretical performance limits specifically with BPSK modulation. We then implement the rateless coded relaying protocol using carefully designed Raptor codes.
Thermoacoustic Cryocooler. Influence of Gas Displacement and Phase Difference on Pulse Tube Cold Side on the Performance of the Pulse Tube Refrigerator. (1998)

In this study, the behavior of the gas in a pulse tube is visualized using a shuttle (light resinous ball), acrylic pulse tube, and acrylic vacuum chamber. In the case of an orifice pulse tube refrigerator, the lowest temperature was 173K at 3Hz. This paper presents the influence of gas displacement and phase difference between gas displacement and pressure in a pulse tube on the performance of a pulse tube refrigerator. Experimental results show that, in the case of an orifice pulse tube refrigerator, not only must gas phase difference be magnified but also gas displacement must be optimized because larger gas displacement results in larger regenerator loss. In the case of a double-inlet pulse tube refrigerator, we observed a DC flow in the pulse tube and measured the DC flow rate under specific conditions. DC flow rate was 0.3×10-6m3/s when the Cv value of the bypass valve was 0.03. By holding down the DC flow rate to 0×10-6m3/s with the use of a check valve and DC flow control valve, the performance of the double-inlet pulse tube refrigerator was improved. Furthermore, gas displacement and phase difference could be measured under no DC flow in the double-inlet pulse tube refrigerator. Experimental results show that optimized gas displacement in the double-inlet pulse tube refrigerator is smaller than the optimized gas displacement in the orifice pulse tube refrigerator, and optimized phase difference in the double-inlet pulse tube refrigerator is larger than the optimized phase difference in the orifice pulse tube refrigerator. Therefore, the performance of the double-inlet pulse tube refrigerator is better than that of the orifice pulse tube refrigerator.
Doa Estimation Via Coarray Tensor Completion with Missing Slices (2022)

In this paper, a coarray tensor completion-based direction-of-arrival (DOA) estimation method is proposed for coprime planar array. To perform Nyquist-matched coarray signal processing, the completion of the coarray tensor corresponding to an augmented discontinuous virtual array is pursued. However, it is difficult to impose a low-rank regularization on the incomplete coarray tensor with slices of missing elements for its completion. To solve this problem, a structural tensorization approach is designed to reshape the incomplete coarray tensor into one with distributed missing elements. As such, a coarray tensor completion problem based on tensor nuclear norm minimization is formulated to complete these missing elements. By exploiting the filled virtual array obtained from the completed coarray tensor, a super-resolution DOA estimation can be achieved in closed-form.
Dupilumab with concomitant topical corticosteroid treatment in adults with atopic dermatitis with an inadequate response or intolerance to ciclosporin A or when this treatment is medically inadvisable: a placebo-controlled, randomized phase III clinical t (2017)

Dupilumab + TCS significantly improved signs and symptoms of atopic dermatitis and QoL in adults with a history of inadequate response to/intolerance of CsA, or for whom CsA treatment was medically inadvisable. No new safety signals were identified.
Role of physisorption in atomic layer etching of silicon nitride (2020)

Atomic layer etching (ALE) techniques are growing in popularity due to their various benefits such as low damage, high selectivity, and precise and controlled etching. In ALE, surface modification is typically achieved by chemisorption of radicals generated in a plasma followed by ion assisted removal of the modified surface. A surface modification process assisted by a plasma may lead to unwanted side effects such as excessive polymerization or spontaneous etching. In this work, the authors demonstrate the feasibility of atomic layer etching of silicon nitride by physisorption of hydrofluorocarbon gas precursors [CHxF(4−x), x = 1−4] in the absence of a plasma. Self-limited SiN etching was observed for all hydrofluorocarbon gases, with the largest etch depth per cycle observed for CF4 and CHF3 adsorption (∼15 Å/cycle), and smallest etch depth per cycle observed using CH3F adsorption (∼6 Å/cycle). Etch precursor availability on the surface was manipulated by varying absolute pressure, partial pressure of the adsorbate, and adsorption time. The results of these experiments indicated that of physisorption of precursors is enough to modify the surface, leading to its removal in the subsequent plasma assisted desorption step.
Fundamental Investigation on Production Conditions of New Iron Ore Agglomerates for Blast Furnace Burdens and Evaluation of Their Properties (1987)

Although conventional agglomerates, such as pellets and sinter, have superior properties as blast furnace burdens, they also have inferior properties. The purpose of the present investigation is to develop a new iron ore agglomeration process that differs from the conventional ones and to improve properties of the agglomerates. The main results obtained are as follows:(1) Differing from conventional mini-pellets adding sinter, the agglomerates, composed of diffusional bonding structure, were constituted of aggregates of irregular shaped pellets controlled 5 to 10 mm in size.(2) Fine ores such as pellet feeds could be used in large quantities as raw materials for this process as compared with conventional sinter process, because they were granulated completely.(3) According to an estimation method by mathematical model for fine coke addition to the raw materials, it was clarified that the method for preferential addition of the coke on surface of green ball was suitable because of the effective coke combustion. It was verified by pot grate furnace tests.(4) The properties of the new agglomerates produced experimentally were found to be superior to those of sinter. The good properties were considered to depend mainly on the micro-and macro-structures and process characteristics.
Adaptively preserving power amplifier linearity under antenna mismatch (2004)

An adaptive method is proposed to preserve power amplifier linearity under severe antenna mismatch condition, as an alternative to an isolator. At high output power and mismatch conditions voltage clipping, due to collector voltage saturation of the bipolar power transistor, is demonstrated to be the main cause of distortion. Linearity degradation can be properly monitored by minimum voltage detection, which is used adaptively to control the gain of a pre-amplifier in order to prevent collector voltage clipping. Measurement results demonstrate a significant linearity improvement under severe mismatch conditions. For an EDGE power amplifier an EVM improvement of 5% and an ACPR improvement of 10dB have been obtained at 28.5 dBm output power and a VSWR of 4:1.
Sintered Valve Seat Insert for High Performance Engine (1988)

<div class="htmlview paragraph">A liquid phase sintered valve seat insert has been developed for use in high performance engine. The material consists of Fe-Cr-C sintered alloy in which hard alloys and lubricating alloys dispersed uniformly. High wear resistance can be attained through proper dispersion of these alloys in the matrix. Containing more than 10 % Cr, the matrix material has high heat resistance and creep strength.</div> <div class="htmlview paragraph">IN JAPAN MANY CAR manufacturers are now developing new types of maitenance-free engines. These new engines will have a higher performance than that of the present engines. To make high performance engines it is necessary not only to have a good design, but also to improve the material properties used for engine parts. A valve seat insert is one of these parts that must be improved. High performance engines need a valve seat insert that has both wear resistance and heat resistance properties.</div> <div class="htmlview paragraph">Several years ago, we developed a double layer valve seat insert by P/M process for high performance diesel engines and have actually utilized it in diesel engines.</div> <div class="htmlview paragraph">In prototypes of the neWly developed engines, the insert lacked sufficient wear resistance and heat resistance.</div> <div class="htmlview paragraph">Therefore, we have started to develop a liquid phase sintered valve seat insert. The following are some experimental results relating to these properties.</div>
The continuous measurement of the temperature of the upper layer of the sea—a practical approach (1984)

Abstract A new instrument for the continuous direct measurement of temperature in the upper layer of the sea (within the first millimetre) is described. The technique makes use of a miniature thermistor in a surface-floating hydrophobic support. A wide range of possible applications in fields such as oceanography and climatology exist, and the method also provides a promising alternative to the conventional ‘bottle and reversing thermometers’ or ‘bucket’ methods currently used to provide in situ data for comparison with remote-sensing measurements.
CD16A Activation of NK Cells Promotes NK Cell Proliferation and Memory-Like Cytotoxicity against Cancer Cells (2018)

CD16A is a potent cytotoxicity receptor on human natural killer (NK) cells, which can be exploited by therapeutic bispecific antibodies. So far, the effects of CD16A-mediated activation on NK cell effector functions beyond classical antibody-dependent cytotoxicity have remained poorly elucidated. Here, we investigated NK cell responses after exposure to therapeutic antibodies such as the tetravalent bispecific antibody AFM13 (CD30/CD16A), designed for the treatment of Hodgkin lymphoma and other CD30<sup>+</sup> lymphomas. Our results reveal that CD16A engagement enhanced subsequent IL2- and IL15-driven NK cell proliferation and expansion. This effect involved the upregulation of CD25 (IL2Rα) and CD132 (γ<sub>c</sub>) on NK cells, resulting in increased sensitivity to low-dose IL2 or to IL15. CD16A engagement initially induced NK cell cytotoxicity. The lower NK cell reactivity observed 1 day after CD16A engagement could be recovered by reculture in IL2 or IL15. After reculture in IL2 or IL15, these CD16A-experienced NK cells exerted more vigorous IFNγ production upon restimulation with tumor cells or cytokines. Importantly, after reculture, CD16A-experienced NK cells also exerted increased cytotoxicity toward different tumor targets, mainly through the activating NK cell receptor NKG2D. Our findings uncover a role for CD16A engagement in priming NK cell responses to restimulation by cytokines and tumor cells, indicative of a memory-like functionality. Our study suggests that combination of AFM13 with IL2 or IL15 may boost NK cell antitumor activity in patients by expanding tumor-reactive NK cells and enhancing NK cell reactivity, even upon repeated tumor encounters. <i>Cancer Immunol Res; 6(5); 517-27. ©2018 AACR</i>.
A frequency selection scheme for increased imaging speed in ECT (2012)

Electrical Capacitance Tomography (ECT) is a method to determine the material distribution within the interior of a closed object by measuring the capacitance values across externally mounted electrodes. Traditionally, an AC excitation pulse is applied to a pair of electrodes that form a capacitor during each measurement step, in order to determine the capacitance from the output current measured. This paper investigates how the speed of inter-electrode capacitance measurement can be improved by applying and receiving multiple excitation signals simultaneously on multiple electrodes. An excitation frequency selection scheme is derived to discuss the effect of bandwidth on the interference between the simultaneously sampled measurement channels. The new scheme opens up new possibilities for ECT as an effective tool for online, real-time monitoring of a wide range of dynamical processes.
High-resolution adaptive optics scanning laser ophthalmoscope with dual deformable mirrors (2007)

Adaptive optics scanning laser ophthalmoscopes have been used to produce noninvasive views of the human retina. However, the range of aberration compensation has been limited by the choice of deformable mirror technology. We demonstrate that the use of dual deformable mirrors can effectively compensate large aberrations in the human eye while maintaining the quality of the retinal imagery. We verified experimentally that the use of dual deformable mirrors improved the dynamic range for correction of the wavefront aberrations compared with the use of the micro-electro-mechanical-system mirror alone and improved the quality of the wavefront correction compared with the use of the bimorph mirror alone. We also demonstrated that the large-stroke bimorph deformable mirror improved the capability for axial sectioning with the confocal imaging system by providing an easier way to move the focus axially through different layers of the retina.