gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Multimodal Spatiotemporal Representation for Automatic Depression Level Detection (2020)

Physiological studies have shown that there are some differences in speech and facial activities between depressive and healthy individuals. Based on this fact, we propose a novel spatio-temporal attention (STA) network and a multimodal attention feature fusion (MAFF) strategy to obtain the multimodal representation of depression cues for predicting the individual depression level. Specifically, we first divide the speech amplitude spectrum/video into fixed-length segments and input these segments into the STA network, which not only integrates the spatial and temporal information through attention mechanism, but also emphasizes the audio/video frames related to depression detection. The audio/video segment-level feature is obtained from the output of the last full connection layer of the STA network. Second, this article employs the eigen evolution pooling method to summarize the changes of each dimension of the audio/video segment-level features to aggregate them into the audio/video level feature. Third, the multimodal representation with modal complementary information is generated using the MAFF and inputs into the support vector regression predictor for estimating depression severity. Experimental results on the AVEC2013 and AVEC2014 depression databases illustrate the effectiveness of our method.
In situ healing of dendrites in a potassium metal battery (2020)

The use of potassium (K) metal anodes could result in high-performance K-ion batteries that offer a sustainable and low-cost alternative to lithium (Li)-ion technology. However, formation of dendrites on such K-metal surfaces is inevitable, which prevents their utilization. Here, we report that K dendrites can be healed in situ in a K-metal battery. The healing is triggered by current-controlled, self-heating at the electrolyte/dendrite interface, which causes migration of surface atoms away from the dendrite tips, thereby smoothening the dendritic surface. We discover that this process is strikingly more efficient for K as compared to Li metal. We show that the reason for this is the far greater mobility of surface atoms in K relative to Li metal, which enables dendrite healing to take place at an order-of-magnitude lower current density. We demonstrate that the K-metal anode can be coupled with a potassium cobalt oxide cathode to achieve dendrite healing in a practical full-cell device.
VLSI implementation-oriented (3, k)-regular low-density parity-check codes (2002)

In the past few years, Gallager's low-density parity-check (LDPC) codes received a lot of attention and many efforts have been devoted to analyzing and improving their error-correcting performance. However, little consideration has been given to the LDPC decoder VLSI implementation. The straightforward fully parallel decoder architecture usually incurs too high complexity for many practical purposes and should be transformed to a partly parallel realization. Unfortunately, due to the randomness of LDPC codes, it is nearly impossible to develop an effective transformation for an arbitrarily given LDPC code. We propose a joint code and decoder design approach to construct a class of (3, k)-regular LDPC codes which exactly fit a partly parallel decoder implementation and have a very good performance. Moreover, for such LDPC codes, we propose a systematic, efficient encoding scheme by effectively exploiting the sparseness of its parity check matrix.
Inhibiting platelet-stimulated blood coagulation by inhibition of mitochondrial respiration (2012)

Platelets are important mediators of blood coagulation that lack nuclei, but contain mitochondria. Although the presence of mitochondria in platelets has long been recognized, platelet mitochondrial function remains largely unaddressed. On the basis of a small amount of literature that suggests platelet mitochondria are functional, we hypothesized that the inhibition of platelet mitochondria disrupts platelet function and platelet-activated blood coagulation. To test this hypothesis, members of the tetrazole, thiazole, and 1,2,3-triazole families of small molecule heterocycles were screened for the ability to inhibit isolated mitochondrial respiration and coagulation of whole blood. The families of heterocycles screened were chosen on the basis of the ability of the heterocycle family to inhibit a biomimetic model of cytochrome c oxidase (CcO). The strength of mitochondrial inhibition correlates with each compound's ability to deter platelet stimulation and platelet-activated blood clotting. These results suggest that for this class of molecules, inhibition of blood coagulation may be occurring through a mechanism involving mitochondrial inhibition.
Prosody templates in word-level synthesis (1999)

This paper describes an approach to word-level prosody with the goal of achieving natural-sounding human intonation. This study comprised about 3000 words in sentence initial position, uttered by a female native speaker of American English. From these recordings general F0 and duration templates were extracted, initially based on stress-pattern alone. Results with regards to F0 templates [F. Holm and K. Hata, ICSLP (1998)] had previously been reported, which showed great promise for a practical synthesis implementation. In this paper duration templates will be focused on. Obtaining temporal prosody patterns is a much harder problem than it is for F0 contours. This is largely due to the fact that one cannot separate a high-level prosodic intent from purely articulatory constraints merely by examining individual segmental data. This methodology relies on a concept of stretchability, which gives a clear measure of how much a given cluster of segments can change its duration in natural speech. The higher this measure is, the more of the speaker’s intentional temporal adjustment is expected to be found in that cluster. Using this concept, a template-generating procedure has been formulated that achieves a very high prediction rate of a speaker’s duration patterns.
Macromolecular Design Strategies for Preventing Active‐Material Crossover in Non‐Aqueous All‐Organic Redox‐Flow Batteries (2017)

Intermittent energy sources, including solar and wind, require scalable, low-cost, multi-hour energy storage solutions in order to be effectively incorporated into the grid. All-Organic non-aqueous redox-flow batteries offer a solution, but suffer from rapid capacity fade and low Coulombic efficiency due to the high permeability of redox-active species across the battery's membrane. Here we show that active-species crossover is arrested by scaling the membrane's pore size to molecular dimensions and in turn increasing the size of the active material above the membrane's pore-size exclusion limit. When oligomeric redox-active organics (RAOs) were paired with microporous polymer membranes, the rate of active-material crossover was reduced more than 9000-fold compared to traditional separators at minimal cost to ionic conductivity. This corresponds to an absolute rate of RAO crossover of less than 3 μmol cm<sup>-2</sup> day<sup>-1</sup> (for a 1.0 m concentration gradient), which exceeds performance targets recently set forth by the battery industry. This strategy was generalizable to both high and low-potential RAOs in a variety of non-aqueous electrolytes, highlighting the versatility of macromolecular design in implementing next-generation redox-flow batteries.
CO chain-reaction chemical laser. I. Experimental (1976)

A chain-reaction CO chemical laser fueled by carbon monosulfide (CS) and molecular oxygen (O2) has been demonstrated. Initiation by the chain carriers (either O or S atoms) is necessary; the chain lenght λ* increases rapidly with the CS/CS2 fuel mole ratio, reaching a value λ*?10 at CS/CS2=1.57. Mass flow efficiencies up to 67 kJ/1b have been measured with a small-scale subsonic device, and laser operation has been observed up to 64-Torr cavity pressure. Gain measurements and subsonic mixing effects have been investigated. This work was made possible by developing a thermoelectric CS gas generator, which is also described.
Friction and Wear Mechanisms of Smooth Diamond Films During Sliding in Air and Dry Nitrogen (1997)

Under the influence of extreme contact pressure and high factional heating, the real contact areas of diamond films may undergo phase transformation and gradual wear during long-duration dry sliding contacts. The wear debris particles that accumulate at the contact interface can then dominate the long-term sliding friction and wear performance of these films. In this study, employing a combination of transmission electron microscopy, electron diffraction, Raman spectroscopy, and electron energy loss spectroscopy, the authors explored the structural chemistry of the diamond debris particles and the sliding contact interfaces of smooth diamond films (surface roughness: 20–40 nm, root mean square (RMS)) and described their friction and wear mechanisms in open air and dry nitrogen (N2). The results of tribological tests indicated that the friction coefficients of Si3N4 balls against smooth diamond films were 0.04 in dry N2 but 0.1–0.15 in air. Friction fluctuated substantially in dry N2, especially during long-duration tests. The wear rates of Si3N4 balls were by factors of 5 to 6 lower in dry N2 than in air, but a reverse situation was observed for diamond films; their wear rates were significantly higher in dry N2 than in air. The results of the surface and structure analytical studies have suggested that the sp3-bonded crystalline diamond had transformed to a sp2-bonded amorphous state, but not to crystalline graphite.
Myeloma-derived Dickkopf-1 disrupts Wnt-regulated osteoprotegerin and RANKL production by osteoblasts: a potential mechanism underlying osteolytic bone lesions in multiple myeloma (2008)

Multiple myeloma (MM) is characterized by osteolytic bone lesions (OBL) that arise as a consequence of osteoblast inactivation and osteoclast activation adjacent to tumor foci within bone. Wnt signaling in osteoblasts regulates osteoclastogenesis through the differential activation and inactivation of Receptor Activator of Nuclear factor Kappa B Ligand (RANKL) and osteoprotegerin (OPG), positive and negative regulators of osteoclast differentiation, respectively. We demonstrate here that MM cell-derived DKK1, a soluble inhibitor of canonical Wnt signaling, disrupted Wnt3a-regulated OPG and RANKL expression in osteoblasts. Confirmed in multiple independent assays, we show that pretreatment with rDKK1 completely abolished Wnt3a-induced OPG mRNA and protein production by mouse and human osteoblasts. In addition, we show that Wnt3a-induced OPG expression was diminished in osteoblasts cocultured with a DKK1-expressing MM cell line or primary MM cells. Finally, we show that bone marrow sera from 21 MM patients significantly suppressed Wnt3a-induced OPG expression and enhanced RANKL expression in osteoblasts in a DKK1-dependent manner. These results suggest that DKK1 may play a key role in the development of MM-associated OBL by directly interrupting Wnt-regulated differentiation of osteoblasts and indirectly increasing osteoclastogenesis via a DKK1-mediated increase in RANKL-to-OPG ratios.
A phase-noise and spur filtering technique using reciprocal-mixing cancellation (2013)

Recent passive-mixer-based architectures, such as [1], have shown that blockers as large as 0dBm can be tolerated without excessive gain compression. However, even in a perfectly linear receiver, reciprocal mixing of the blocker with LO phase noise deposits additive noise on the wanted signal, as shown in Fig. 5.3.1. This is an inevitable limitation to any mixer-based receiver. Assuming that the blocker experiences no passive RF filtering, the noise figure of such a receiver in the presence of a given blocker is only lowered through improving the LO phase noise. To overcome this challenge, most wireless receivers use LC-oscillators that despite their superior phase noise to ring oscillators [2], still consume a large portion of the radio power. As the quality factor of on-chip resonators does not scale with technology, the phase noise of an LC-oscillator can only be improved by consuming more power, while the benefits of circuit innovation are fundamentally limited [3]. Although increasing current helps, it does come at a cost, and is ultimately limited by the maximum allowable amplitude, and how reliably small inductor values can be fabricated without Q-degradation. In this paper, we propose a mixed-signal reciprocal-mixing cancellation technique that leads to a substantial reciprocal-mixing noise figure improvement independent of the LO phase noise.
Computer-Aided Auscultation of the Heart: From Anatomy and Physiology to Diagnostic Decision Support (2006)

There is a clear and present need for computer-aided auscultation of the heart which arises from the highly informative nature of heart sounds, the inherent difficulty of auscultation and increasing pressure in healthcare for rapid, accurate, objective, documented and cost-effective patient evaluation and diagnostic decision making. There are advanced signal processing technologies that hold promise for developing computer-aided auscultation solutions that are intuitive, efficient, informative and accurate. Computer-aided auscultation offers an objective, quantitative and cost-effective tool for acquiring and analyzing heart sounds, providing archival records that support the patient evaluation and referral decision as well as serial comparisons for patient monitoring. There is the further promise of new quantitative acoustic measures and auscultatory findings that have more precise correlation with underlying physiological parameters. These solutions are being developed with the benefits of a rich literature of clinical studies in phonocardiography, the added insights derived from echocardiography, and advances in signal processing technology.
Synthesis of 9,10-dihydroanthracen-9,10-imines (1979)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTSynthesis of 9,10-dihydroanthracen-9,10-iminesPaul S. Anderson, Marcia E. Christy, C. Dylion Colton, Wasyl Halczenko, Gerald S. Ponticello, and Kenneth L. ShepardCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1979, 44, 9, 1519–1533Publication Date (Print):April 1, 1979Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 April 1979https://doi.org/10.1021/jo01323a032Request reuse permissionsArticle Views1249Altmetric-Citations49LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (1 MB) Get e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
TMIC-38. ENHANCED EFFICACY OF TUMOR TREATING FIELDS AND AURORA B KINASE INHIBITOR COMBINATION IN GLIOMA CELL LINES (2018)

Tumor Treating Fields (TTFields) are anti-mitotic, low intensity, intermediate frequency, alternating electric fields approved for glioblastoma. The efficiency of TTFields may be enhanced by drugs that extend metaphase-anaphase transition and telophase such as Aurora B kinase. We studied if TTFields’ effect on tumor cells is enhanced by additional inhibition of cytokinesis through Aurora B kinase. TTFields and Aurora B kinase inhibitors (AZD1152) combination was tested in glioma cell lines: in U87-MG, U87-MGshP53 and U-251, and U87-MG, first and then in two primary glioblastoma cell lines (HT16360, HT18503). TTFields (1.6 V/cm RMS, 200 kHz) were applied for 72 hours using the inovitro system. AZD1152 was added up to 100 nmol/L. Cell counts, cell cycle and clonogenic potential were determined. Multinuclear cells formation was determined using crystal violet staining. TTFields and AZD1152 combination led to a significant reduction in the number of U251, U-87 MG and U-87 MGshP53 cells (2-way ANOVA, pshP53 and U-251 cells (2-way ANOVA, pshP53 cells stained with crystal violet after treatment revealed high prevalence of multi nuclear cells in cells exposed to TTFields and AZD1152 (25nM) versus AZD1152 (25nM) alone. Cells treated with TTFields and higher doses of AZD1152 (50-100nM) demonstrated increased rates of pyknosis. Data could be confirmed in primary tumor-cell lines. These results demonstrate that combining TTFields and AZD1152 can be an effective treatment in glioma. There is a strong rational to continue exploring the potential of combining TTFields and AZD1152 in the clinical settings.
Learning Rich Features at High-Speed for Single-Shot Object Detection (2019)

Single-stage object detection methods have received significant attention recently due to their characteristic realtime capabilities and high detection accuracies. Generally, most existing single-stage detectors follow two common practices: they employ a network backbone that is pretrained on ImageNet for the classification task and use a top-down feature pyramid representation for handling scale variations. Contrary to common pre-training strategy, recent works have demonstrated the benefits of training from scratch to reduce the task gap between classification and localization, especially at high overlap thresholds. However, detection models trained from scratch require significantly longer training time compared to their typical finetuning based counterparts. We introduce a single-stage detection framework that combines the advantages of both fine-tuning pretrained models and training from scratch. Our framework constitutes a standard network that uses a pre-trained backbone and a parallel light-weight auxiliary network trained from scratch. Further, we argue that the commonly used top-down pyramid representation only focuses on passing high-level semantics from the top layers to bottom layers. We introduce a bi-directional network that efficiently circulates both low-/mid-level and high-level semantic information in the detection framework. Experiments are performed on MS COCO and UAVDT datasets. Compared to the baseline, our detector achieives an absolute gain of 7.4% and 4.2% in average precision (AP) on MS COCO and UAVDT datasets, respectively using VGG backbone. For a 300×300 input on the MS COCO test set, our detector with ResNet backbone surpasses existing single-stage detection methods for single-scale inference achieving 34.3 AP, while operating at an inference time of 19 milliseconds on a single Titan X GPU. Code is avail- able at https://github.com/vaesl/LRF-Net.
Galfan - A New Zinc-Alloy Coated Steel for Automotive Body Use (1983)

<div class="htmlview paragraph">A new corrosion-resistant coating system, known as Galfan, has been developed for steel sheet and. wire. This alloy consists of eutectic zinc-5% aluminum plus a small addition of mischmetal (&lt; 0.1%). It has demonstrated corrosion resistance more than twice that of conventional galvanized steel sheet or wire under similar conditions and similar coating thicknesses. The coating also has extremely good ductility under cold forming conditions and behaves comparably to conventional galvanized steel sheet with respect to spot weldability and paintability. The bath operating temperature is slightly lower than required for conventional continuous galvanizing baths, providing maximum economy in energy utilization and compatibility in coating high carbon steel spring wire. Conventional continuous galvanizing lines of the Sendzimir, Selas or Heurtey type can be converted to Galfan coating with a nominal capital investment, provided a cast iron or ceramic crucible is available. Recent research shows that Galfan may be adaptable to a Cook-Norteman continuous galvanizing line and to batch galvanizing. The development of this product fills a commercial need for a superior product with minimal changes in established conventional galvanizing processing methods.</div>
Evaluation of a Nonpeptidic Ligand for Imaging of Cholecystokinin 2 Receptor–Expressing Cancers (2014)

Because the uptake of CRL-3-(99m)Tc by nonmalignant tissues was negligible and retention in the kidneys was only transient, we suggest that CRL-3-(99m)Tc may be a useful radioimaging agent for the detection, sizing, and monitoring of CCK2R-expressing tumors.
Molecular size heterogeneity of human leukocyte interferon (1978)

Molecular sieving of human leukocyte interferon revealed an apparent molecular weight of 26,000. However, after denaturation by guanidine hydrochloride in the presence of a reducing agent and reactivation by extensive dialysis, a molecular weight of only 21,000 was observed. The reactivated human leukocyte interferon (mol wt 21,000) gave a single peak of activity when analyzed by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, confirming that a single molecular weight species was generated by the denaturation and reactivation procedure. A partial unfolding of the molecule was evident when the interferon preparation was heated to 50 degrees C in the absence or presence of an unfolding agent and then sieved on Sephadex G-100 Superfine. These results suggest that the interferon molecule undergoes a proteolytic cleavage probably by a protease present in extracellular fluid. Thus, a peptide fragment dissociates from the parent molecule when human leukocyte interferon is denatured in the presence of a reducing agent, resulting in a drop of 5,000 in molecular weight; interestingly, the resultant 21,000 molecular weight form still retains its antiviral activity.
Label-free detection of proteins from dried-suspended droplets using surface enhanced Raman scattering (2012)

A simple sample preparation method to obtain rich and reproducible surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) spectra from proteins regardless of their surface properties and dimensions for label-free detection and identification is reported. The method uses colloidal silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) as substrates and is based on suspending the droplet of a mixture containing AgNPs and proteins from a hydrophobic surface. Drying the droplet at this suspended configuration allows the accumulation and packing of AgNPs and protein molecules in the middle of the droplet area rather than getting jammed at the edges of drying droplets as the solvent evaporates. A detection limit of down to 0.05 μg mL(-1) for some of the model proteins used in this study is obtained with this simple approach. The advantage of this method is its simplicity and improved sensitivity over other approaches reported in the literature.