gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Femtosecond Laser Nonlinear Lithography (2010)

Micro-optical elements with precisely controlled three-dimensional surfaces are expected to play important roles in the fields of functional photonic devices, micro-opto-electromechanical systems, lab-on-a-chip devices, and so forth. For example, blazed gratings exhibit more than two times higher diffraction efficiencies than those of their standard binary counterparts. Aspheric lenses are effective for precise control of light refraction for compensation of optical spherical aberration. Sub-wavelength periodic structures can markedly suppress Fresnel-reflection losses−generated at the interface between lens materials and air−over a wide spectral bandwidth and a large field of view. Most micro-optical elements are manufactured using semiconductor fabrication technology including lithography and various etching methods. Although such a technology is an effective means for arbitrary nano/microstructures with high quality on a wafer, the crosssectional profiles of the structures are limited to binary shapes. Consequently, the fabrication of three-dimensional surfaces such as slopes and hemispherical shapes remains a challenging task. For obtaining slope structures, a gray-scale mask method (Suleski & O’Shea, 1995), a multiple mask technique (Herzig, 1997), and a moving mask process (Hirai et al., 2007) are often used. Electron-beam direct writing with dose control can also be utilized (Fujita et al., 1982). However, these techniques entail strong restrictions in spatial resolution and cross-sectional profiles of the resist. Alternatively, highly precise control of exposure conditions and stage alignments are required. In addition to this limitation, the semiconductor fabrication technology has another problem: this technology typically cannot be applied to the microfabrication on non-flat substrates because of its planar nature. When photoresists are coated onto non-flat substrates, the resist thickness varies from area to area because of the surface tension. The focal position and the light power are modulated by the resist thickness. Consequently, the pattern sizes are strongly affected by the depth profiles of underlying substrates. The spraycoating technique was reported to obtain uniform distribution of the resist thickness even on non-flat substrates (Singh et al., 2005). However, its long-focal-depth optics is unsuitable for achieving high spatial resolution. Some research groups have demonstrated the lithographic fabrication onto convex or concave lenses using specially modified stage systems with ultraviolet laser sources (Radtke & Zeitner, 2007). Although this technique is useful, complex exposure systems are necessary. To overcome these difficulties of current semiconductor fabrication technology, we have proposed a combined process of nonlinear lithography and plasma etching, and have
A pilot symbol assisted interference cancellation scheme for an asynchronous DS/CDMA system (2002)

We consider a single cell asynchronous BPSK DS/CDMA system with successive interference cancellation. The system operates in a Rayleigh flat fading channel and pilot symbols are inserted periodically to the transmitted data for the purpose of channel estimation. We introduced previously a pilot symbol assisted interference canceller that was made up of two parts-a decorrelating receiver for the faded pilot symbols, followed by a successive interference canceller (SIC) for the data symbols. The receiver could operate in small cells with a maximum round trip delay of a quarter of a symbol time and was able to provide a performance improvement over a pure SIC receiver for both the pilot and the data symbols. We introduce two fragile structures that allow the usage of the hybrid receiver in larger cells with a round trip delay of one symbol time. Furthermore, the complexity of the decorrelator is kept at a moderate level. The performance of the hybrid receiver operating on both frame structures is compared and a comparison is made with a pure SIC cancelling receiver. It was found that one of the investigated frame structures in conjunction with the hybrid receiver increased the system capacity as compared to a pure SIC receiver and offers moreover a comparable system complexity.
Synthesis and conformational analysis of GM3 lactam; a hydrolytically stable analog of GM3 ganglioside lactone (1992)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTSynthesis and conformational analysis of GM3 lactam; a hydrolytically stable analog of GM3 ganglioside lactoneAsim K. Ray, Ulf Nilsson, and Goeran MagnussonCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1992, 114, 6, 2256–2257Publication Date (Print):March 1, 1992Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 March 1992https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00032a049https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00032a049research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views201Altmetric-Citations35LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
The effect of stress on core and peripheral body temperature in humans (2013)

Even though there are indications that stress influences body temperature in humans, no study has systematically investigated the effects of stress on core and peripheral body temperature. The present study therefore aimed to investigate the effects of acute psychosocial stress on body temperature using different readout measurements. In two independent studies, male and female participants were exposed to a standardized laboratory stress task (the Trier Social Stress Test, TSST) or a non-stressful control task. Core temperature (intestinal and temporal artery) and peripheral temperature (facial and body skin temperature) were measured. Compared to the control condition, stress exposure decreased intestinal temperature but did not affect temporal artery temperature. Stress exposure resulted in changes in skin temperature that followed a gradient-like pattern, with decreases at distal skin locations such as the fingertip and finger base and unchanged skin temperature at proximal regions such as the infra-clavicular area. Stress-induced effects on facial temperature displayed a sex-specific pattern, with decreased nasal skin temperature in females and increased cheek temperature in males. In conclusion, the amplitude and direction of stress-induced temperature changes depend on the site of temperature measurement in humans. This precludes a direct translation of the preclinical stress-induced hyperthermia paradigm, in which core temperature uniformly rises in response to stress to the human situation. Nevertheless, the effects of stress result in consistent temperature changes. Therefore, the present study supports the inclusion of body temperature as a physiological readout parameter of stress in future studies.
NiCo2S4 microspheres grown on N, S co-doped reduced graphene oxide as an efficient bifunctional electrocatalyst for overall water splitting in alkaline and neutral pH (2021)

It is of vital importance to design efficient and low-cost bifunctional catalysts for the electrochemical water splitting under alkaline and neutral pH conditions. In this work, we report an efficient and stable NiCo2S4/N, S co-doped reduced graphene oxide (NCS/NS-rGO) electrocatalyst for water splitting, in which NCS microspheres are composed of one-dimentional (1D) nanorods grown homogeneously on the surface of NS-rGOs). The synergetic effect, abundant active sites, and hybridization of NCS/NS-rGO endow their outstanding electrocatalytic performance for hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) and oxygen evolution reaction (OER) in both alkaline and neutral conditions. Furthermore, NCS/NS-rGO employed as both anode and cathode in a two-electrode alkaline and neutral system electrolyzers deliver 10 mA/cm2 with the low cell voltage of 1.58 V in alkaline and 1.91 V in neutral condition. These results illustrate the rational design of carbon-supported nickel-cobalt based bifunctional materials for practical water splitting over a wide pH range.
Network protocols for frequency-hop packet radios with decoder side information (1994)

Reliable data distribution within spread-spectrum packet radio networks requires high performance from the network protocols. This paper describes research in forwarding and routing protocols that are designed specifically for slow-frequency hop (SFH) packet radio networks in which some of the radios are subjected to excessive interference. It is shown that information extracted from the decoder can be used to aid the network protocols. New metrics are introduced that use this information to give a quantitative assessment of the interference environment experienced by the receiver in an SFH radio. Forwarding protocols are developed that can react quickly to local sources of interference, and the metrics that are introduced permit the routing algorithm to react to changes in the interference conditions in the network.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
A RELAÇÃO ENTRE O SAGRADO E A MORALIDADE LAICA NA TEORIA DURKHEIMIANA (2013)

Meu objetivo neste artigo é o de apresentar a centralidade do livro As Formas Elementares da Vida Religiosa para a teoria moral durkheimiana. Mais especificamente, pretendo mostrar sua relevância para a dimensão propriamente normativa de sua teoria, que consiste na defesa da instituição de uma moralidade laica. Para tanto, proponho apresentar a articulação entre duas ideias aparentemente contraditórias, quais sejam, moralidade laica e sagrado. Essa articulação se dá a partir da discussão sobre o conceito de ideal, enquanto aspecto constitutivo da moral, e sobre o processo de efervescência, enquanto mecanismo criador do sagrado, fazendo com que ideias se convertam em ideais morais. Em última instância, trata-se de argumentar que a ideia de moralidade laica também tem como fundamento uma “ideia sagrada”, qual seja, o ideal do respeito à pessoa humana, que Durkheim apresenta como ideal do “individualismo moral”.ABSTRACTMy main purpose in this paper is to defend the centrality of the book The Elemental Forms of Religious Life to Durkheimian moral theory. More specifically, I intend to show its relevance to the normative dimension of this theory, consisting in the defence of the institution of a secular morality. In order to do so, I will present the articulation between two ideas that at a first sight might seem contradictory, secular morality e sacred. This articulation will be put forward while discussing the concept of ideal, as a constitutive aspect of morality, and the process of effervescence, as the key mechanism in the creation of the sacred, converting ideas into moral ideals. Ultimately, is about arguing that the very idea of secular morality also has as its ground a “sacred idea’, the ideal of respect of the human person, presented by Durkheim as the ideal of “moral individualism”.KEYWORDS Émile Durkheim; Sacred; Secular Morality; Effervescence; Ideals
Quantised innovation Kalman filter: performance analysis and design of quantised level (2014)

This study provides a performance analysis for the quantised innovation Kalman filter (QIKF). The covariance matrix of the estimation error is analysed with the correlation between the measurement error and the quantising error. By taking the quantisation errors as a random perturbation in the observation system, an equivalent state‐observation system is obtained. Accordingly, the QIKF for the original system is equivalent to a Kalman‐like filtering for the equivalent state‐observation system. The boundedness of the error covariance matrix of the QIKF is obtained under some weak conditions. A sufficient condition for the stability of the QIKF is also obtained in the general vector case. Then, the relationship between the standard Kalman filtering and the QIKF for the original system is discussed. Based on the analysis of the stability of the QIKF, the design of number of quantised levels is discussed. The relationship between the filtering performance and the number of quantisation levels is also given. Finally, the validity of these results is demonstrated by numerical simulations.
TGF-β1 modulates microglial phenotype and promotes recovery after intracerebral hemorrhage (2016)

Intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) is a devastating form of stroke that results from the rupture of a blood vessel in the brain, leading to a mass of blood within the brain parenchyma. The injury causes a rapid inflammatory reaction that includes activation of the tissue-resident microglia and recruitment of blood-derived macrophages and other leukocytes. In this work, we investigated the specific responses of microglia following ICH with the aim of identifying pathways that may aid in recovery after brain injury. We used longitudinal transcriptional profiling of microglia in a murine model to determine the phenotype of microglia during the acute and resolution phases of ICH in vivo and found increases in TGF-β1 pathway activation during the resolution phase. We then confirmed that TGF-β1 treatment modulated inflammatory profiles of microglia in vitro. Moreover, TGF-β1 treatment following ICH decreased microglial Il6 gene expression in vivo and improved functional outcomes in the murine model. Finally, we observed that patients with early increases in plasma TGF-β1 concentrations had better outcomes 90 days after ICH, confirming the role of TGF-β1 in functional recovery from ICH. Taken together, our data show that TGF-β1 modulates microglia-mediated neuroinflammation after ICH and promotes functional recovery, suggesting that TGF-β1 may be a therapeutic target for acute brain injury.
Technologies of current sensors suitable for hot high density power electronics (2008)

The paper describes the review of technologies of current sensors dedicated for high temperature power electronics. Two solutions are taken into consideration as the drive system and DC/DC converter implemented in hybrid and electric cars requires different parameters of current measurement system - the current range and switching frequency are various in both cases. Demands for current sensors, ideas of basic system are described.
Claudin18.2 is a novel molecular biomarker for tumor-targeted immunotherapy (2022)

The claudin18.2 (CLDN18.2) protein, an isoform of claudin18, a member of the tight junction protein family, is a highly selective biomarker with limited expression in normal tissues and often abnormal expression during the occurrence and development of various primary malignant tumors, such as gastric cancer/gastroesophageal junction (GC/GEJ) cancer, breast cancer, colon cancer, liver cancer, head and neck cancer, bronchial cancer and non-small-cell lung cancer. CLDN18.2 participates in the proliferation, differentiation and migration of tumor cells. Recent studies have identified CLDN18.2 expression as a potential specific marker for the diagnosis and treatment of these tumors. With its specific expression pattern, CLDN18.2 has become a unique molecule for targeted therapy in different cancers, especially in GC; for example, agents such as zolbetuximab (claudiximab, IMAB362), a monoclonal antibody (mAb) against CLDN18.2, have been developed. In this review, we outline recent advances in the development of immunotherapy strategies targeting CLDN18.2, including monoclonal antibodies (mAbs), bispecific antibodies (BsAbs), chimeric antigen receptor T (CAR-T) cells redirected to target CLDN18.2, and antibody-drug conjugates (ADCs).
Estimating the Empirical Lorenz Curve and Gini Coefficient in the Presence of Error (2007)

The Lorenz curve is a graphical tool that is widely used to characterize the concentration of a measure in a population, such as wealth. It is frequently the case that the measure of interest used to rank experimental units when estimating the empirical Lorenz curve, and the corresponding Gini coefficient, is subject to random error. This error can result in an incorrect ranking of experimental units which inevitably leads to a curve that exaggerates the degree of concentration (variation) in the population. We explore this bias and discuss several widely available statistical methods that have the potential to reduce or remove the bias in the empirical Lorenz curve. The properties of these methods are examined and compared in a simulation study. This work is motivated by a health outcomes application which seeks to assess the concentration of black patient visits among primary care physicians. The methods are illustrated on data from this study.
Erratum: Leucine-nicotinic acid synergy stimulates AMPK/Sirt1 signaling and regulates lipid metabolism and lifespan in Caenorhabditis elegans, and hyperlipidemia and atherosclerosis in mice. (2017)

Leu amplifies the effects of NA on lipid metabolism, hyperlipidemia and atherosclerosis in mice, at least in part by activation of the AMPK/Sirt1 axis. This combination may be a potential therapeutic alternative for hyperlipidemia and atherosclerosis.
Dynamic Reconfiguration of Real-Time Network Interfaces (2004)

The programmable resources of reconfigurable computing architectures are commonly used to support application specific processing. Dynamic reconfiguration enables hardware adaptation even during run-time. This paper concentrates on extending the application of dynamically reconfigurable logic to the area of network interface logic. The benefits and consequences of implementing even low-level networking functions in programmable hardware over fixed realizations are explained, and the possibilities arising from reconfigurable network interfaces are shown. Concerning reconfiguration of the network interface subsystem at run-time, maintaining connections, preventing packet loss, and guaranteeing response times during reconfiguration is crucial. Methods for dynamically replacing network interface hardware are described, and the current prototype is shown.
CYP24 inhibition as a therapeutic target in FGF23-mediated renal phosphate wasting disorders (2016)

CYP24A1 (hereafter referred to as CYP24) enzymatic activity is pivotal in the inactivation of vitamin D metabolites. Basal renal and extrarenal CYP24 is usually low but is highly induced by its substrate 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D. Unbalanced high and/or long-lasting CYP24 expression has been proposed to underlie diseases like chronic kidney disease, cancers, and psoriasis that otherwise should favorably respond to supplemental vitamin D. Using genetically modified mice, we have shown that renal phosphate wasting hypophosphatemic states arising from high levels of fibroblast growth factor 23 (FGF23) are also associated with increased renal Cyp24 expression, suggesting that elevated CYP24 activity is pivotal to the pathophysiology of these disorders. We therefore crossed 2 mouse strains, each with distinct etiology for high levels of circulating FGF23, onto a Cyp24-null background. Specifically, we evaluated Cyp24 deficiency in Hyp mice, the murine homolog of X-linked dominant hypophosphatemic rickets, and transgenic mice that overexpress a mutant FGF23 (FGF23R176Q) that is associated with the autosomal dominant form of hypophosphatemic rickets. Loss of Cyp24 in these murine models of human disease resulted in near-complete recovery of rachitic/osteomalacic bony abnormalities in the absence of any improvement in the serum biochemical profile. Moreover, treatment of Hyp and FGF23R1760-transgenic mice with the CYP24 inhibitor CTA102 also ameliorated their rachitic bones. Our results link CYP24 activity to the pathophysiology of FGF23-dependent renal phosphate wasting states and implicate pharmacologic CYP24 inhibition as a therapeutic adjunct for their treatment.
SDN Enhanced Ethernet VPN for Data Center Interconnect (2019)

Ethernet Virtual Private Network (EVPN) is an emerging technology that addresses the networking challenges presented by geo-distributed Data Centers (DCs). One of the major advantages of EVPN over legacy layer 2 VPN solutions is providing All-Active (A-A) mode of operation so that the traffic can truly be multi-homed on Provider Edge (PE) routers. However, A-A mode of operation introduces new challenges. In the case where the Customer Edge (CE) router is multi-homed to one or more PE routers, it is necessary that only one of the PE routers should forward Broadcast, Unknown unicast, and Multicast (BUM) traffic into the DC. The PE router that assumes the primary role for forwarding BUM traffic to the CE device is called the Designated Forwarder (DF). The proposed solution to select the DF in the EVPN standard is based on a distributed algorithm which has a number of drawbacks such as unfairness and intermittent behavior. In this paper, we introduce a Software-Defined Networking (SDN) based architecture for EVPN support, where the SDN controller interacts with EVPN control plane. We demonstrate how our solution mitigates existing problems for DF selection which leads to improved EVPN performance.
INTEGRANDO MATEMÁTICA E QUÍMICA EM UMA ATIVIDADE SOBRE AQUECIMENTO E RESFRIAMENTO DE SOLUÇÕES COM ESTUDANTES DE UM CURSO TÉCNICO (2023)

Este artigo tem como objetivo analisar uma proposta pedagógica sobre aquecimento e resfriamento de soluções, aproximando o conteúdo de função exponencial das ideias introdutórias de termoquímica, desenvolvida com estudantes do primeiro ano do Curso Técnico de Química Integrado ao Ensino Médio. Nosso referencial teórico perpassa a ideia de interdisciplinaridade defendida em pesquisas acadêmicas e nas das Diretrizes Curriculares Nacionais para a Educação Profissional e Tecnológica. Também consideramos possiblidades da modelagem matemática no ensino e dialogamos com as habilidades previstas na Base Nacional Comum Curricular. A coleta de dados aconteceu a partir do roteiro de atividades e de registros fotográficos. Ao final, verificamos que a atividade aproximou as disciplinas de Matemática e Química numa perspectiva interdisciplinar e, além disso, tangenciou o mundo do trabalho do Técnico em Química. Com isso, concluímos que a experiência favoreceu a formação integral dos estudantes envolvidos.
Effect of Metformin vs Placebo on Invasive Disease–Free Survival in Patients With Breast Cancer (2022)

ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT01101438.
Inhibition of GABA<sub>B</sub> Receptor Binding by Guanyl Nucleotides (1984)

GTP and GDP decreased the saturable binding of [3H]baclofen or [3H]gamma-aminobutyric acid ( [3H]GABA) to GABAB but not GABAA receptors whereas GMP displayed negligible activity. This effect was specific to guanyl nucleotides and was not mimicked by high concentrations of ATP. The inhibition of ligand binding was the result of a diminished receptor affinity with no change in receptor number. The use of a complete physiological saline solution rather than Tris buffer plus Ca2+ or Mg2+ increased the potency of GTP at the GABAB receptor. The results are discussed in relation to the effects of GABA and GTP on adenylate cyclase activity in the brain.