gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Hot-filament chemical vapor deposition of selectively deposited diamond and silicone thin films (1997)

Hot-filament pyrolytic chemical vapor deposition was used to deposit thin films of diamond and silicone. While these materials have very different materials properties, the CVD process to make them share many similarities, including precursor generation, gas phase transport, and surface reaction. One of the key hurdles to the successful commercialization of diamond thin films for bulk applications such as thermal management substrates is the low rate of deposition. While it has been known for some time that the presence of atomic hydrogen is very important to the diamond deposition process, there has been no clear consensus as to whether the gas phase transport limited concentration of H-atoms at the substrate is the primary determining factor for the growth rate. In order to try to make that determination, two different methods were used to selectively nucleate diamond deposits on a silicon substrate. The variation in deposition rate across the substrate was measured by analyzing the difference in surface coverage. This variation was analyzed through a three dimensional, finite-difference model that included growth
Enhancement of isoleucine hydroxamate-mediated growth inhibition and improvement of isoleucine-producing strains of Serratia marcescens (1977)

Growth inhibition by isoleucine hydroxamate in Serratia marcescens was significantly enhanced by adding valine plus leucine and by using glycerol as the carbon source. Isoleucine hydroxamate-resistant mutants were isolated under conditions in which growth inhibition was enhanced. One of the mutants, strain GIHVLr2179, lacked both feedback inhibition and repression of threonine deaminase. An alpha-aminobutyric acid-resistant mutant derived from strain GIHVLr2179, strain GIHVLAr2795, produced 12 mg of isoleucine per ml in the medium containing glucose and urea as carbon and nitrogen sources (a twofold increase over prior reports). This strain had increased activities of threonine deaminase, acetohydroxy acid synthase, aspartokinase, and homoserine dehydrogenase.
The physical characterisation of complex glyceride mixtures (1993)

Gelucires, which are the glyceride-based pharmaceutical excipients, may be used as matrix forming materials to control the drug release from dosage forms such as molten filled hard gelatin capsules. A knowledge of the effects of manufacturing conditions on the physical properties of the bases is important for controlling product performances. The morphological, thermal, mechanical, rheological and dielectric properties of a range of gelucires with various melting points and HLB values prepared by different cooling rates were then examined. In addition, the changes of the physical properties of the bases after ageing for various periods of time were monitored. The release characteristic of a model drug, theophylline, from the bases was also studied.\n\nExamination by differential scanning calorimetry indicated that slow cooling allowed fractional crystallisation of various components in the bases while fast cooling resulted in the bases that extensively form solid solutions. The cooling rates also affected the crystallisation of stable and unstable polymorphic forms of glycerides. As a result of these microstructural differences, the physical properties such as morphological, thermal, mechanical (in term of tensile strength) and dielectric properties, of the slowly and fast cooled bases were different. Polymorphic transformation of glyceride components in the bases occurred during storage, leading to the change in their microstructures and hence their physical properties.\n\nThe release of theophylline from gelucire matrices was found to be either diffusional or erosion-diffusional controlled. The PEG esters in gelucires could attract water into the matrices and dissolve or swell thus creating channels for drug diffusion or causing erosion of the matrices. Cooling rate also affected the release of the drug from some gelucire matrices. The rate of drug release from the bases also changed during storage as a result of microstructural change or the degradation of the bases. Moisture accelerated the change in the release rate since it influenced the structural change and the degradation of gelucires.
Hardware-in-the-loop testing of the NATO standardisation agreement 4572 interface using high precision navigation equations (2008)

This paper describes the development of a real-time navigation system, embodying high precision navigation equations, which was designed, built, and used by QinetiQ specifically for comprehensive hardware-in-the-loop testing of the STANAG 4572 inertial measurement unit interface standard. The results provided give confidence that the STANAG 4572 interface is fundamentally more than adequate for implementation within a deeply integrated (ultra-tightly-coupled) navigation system as well as an external test interface for deeply integrated navigation systems.
Endophytic Detection in Selected European Herbal Plants (2016)

A total of 181 cultivable endophytic bacterial isolates were collected from stems of 13 species of herbs inhabiting Europe (Poland): Chelidonium majus L., Elymus repens L., Erigeron annuus L., Euphrasia rostkoviana Hayne, Foeniculum vulgare L., Geranium pratense L., Humulus lupulus L., Matricaria chamomilla L., Mentha arvensis L., Papaver rhoeas L., Rosmarinus officinalis L., Solidago gigantea L. and Vinca minor L. The isolates were screened for their antifungal activity and fifty three were found to inhibit fungal growth. Of these, five had strong antifungal properties. These selected isolates were identified as: Pseudomonas azotoformans, P. cedrina, Bacillus subtilis group and Erwinia persicina.
Low-Temperature Melt Processing of Organic−Inorganic Hybrid Films (2002)

The thermal properties of semiconducting tin(II) iodide based hybrid perovskites have been modified by tailoring the organic component of the structure, thereby reducing the melting temperature (b) well below the decomposition point (c) for these systems. The more stable melt phase has enabled the first demonstration of crystallographically oriented, melt-processed, hybrid films on flexible Kapton substrates. In addition, a premelting structural transition (a) has been characterized for the perovskite systems using thermal analysis and temperature-programmed X-ray diffraction.
Sense through wall human detection using UWB radar (2011)

In this article, we discuss techniques for sense through wall human detection for different types of walls. We have focused on detection of stationary human target behind wall based on breathing movements. In detecting the breathing motion, a Doppler based method is used. Also a new approach based on short time Fourier transform is discussed and an already proposed clutter reduction technique based on singular value decomposition is applied to different measurements.
Correlation between silicon hydride species and the photoluminescence intensity of porous silicon (1992)

The role of silicon hydride species in the photoluminescence intensity behavior of porous Si has been studied. The surfaces of luminescent porous Si samples were converted to a predominate SiH termination using a remote H plasma. The as-passivated samples were then immersed in various concentrations of hydrofluouric solutions to regulate the recovery of SiH2 termination on the surface. Photoluminescence measurements and transmission Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy have shown that predominant silicon monohydride (SiH) termination results in weak photoluminescence. In contrast, it has been observed that the appearance of silicon dihydride (SiH2) coincides with an increase in the photoluminescence intensity.
MS/MS Data Improves Automated Determination of Molecular Formulas by Mass Spectrometry (2011)

Abstract. In theory, the molecular formula of an unknown compound can be calculated from its exact molecular mass. However, even with highly accurate modern mass spectrometers with an accuracy of 1 ppm or lower, it is generally not possible to determine the molecular formula uniquely from measurements. Intensities of isotopic peaks are typically used as additional information to narrow down possible formulas associated with a mass spectrum (MS) peak, but this is not sufficient for larger compounds. Here, we introduce a method that takes information from fragment peak masses of the MS/MS into account to improve the reliability of formula determination. Matchvalues that reflect the consistency with MS isotope peaks and MS/MS fragment patterns are computed for candidate molecular formulas. We demonstrate that these matchvalues outperform methods based on isotope peak intensities alone. In test cases with medium sized organic molecules (&lt; 1000 u) the true molecular formula achieves the highest matchvalues using the MS/MS data. 15 1.
The role of chemokines in neutrophil biology (2007)

Neutrophils are the first to be recruited to a site of infection or a diseased site. Among various inflammatory mediators, CXC chemokines including IL-8 (CXCL8), MIP-2 (CXCL2), and KC (CXCL1) are the most critical for such recruitment. Neutrophils have been considered as effector cells that kill bacteria or destroy affected tissues mainly through the production of reactive oxygen species. Recent studies, however, revealed that neutrophils are involved in the production of chemokines in response to a variety of stimulants including LPS, TNF-alpha, and IFN-gamma, thereby contributing to immunomodulation. These functions are also regulated by selectins during infiltration into various sites. In this review, I summarize the current knowledge on this area and propose that neutrophils are a fascinating target for basic as well as clinical scientists.
Synthesis of Glutaconic Acid Salt from Cesium 3-Butenoate with Carbon Dioxide. (1995)

Cesium carbonate (Cs2CO3) is an effective catalyst used for the carboxylation of cesium 3-butenoate (1) with carbon dioxide, in dimethylformamide, affording cesium glutaconate (2) in good yields (-55%) at temperature of 100°C and pressure of 42atm. The reaction is restricted to 1-Cs2CO3 system. It is essential to use more than unity of the Ce2CO3/1 ratio to attain high yield. Other system such as potassium 3-butenoate-K2CO3 system is inactive. The effects of the pressure of CO2, reaction temperature and the amount of Cs2CO3 on the yield of carboxylated product were examined.
Complement and complement inhibitors (1998)

The role of complement in the pathogenesis of renal injury is now being confirmed with the use of knockout technology and specific inhibitors. Chronic injury, particularly of the tubules and interstitium, and local complement synthesis are emerging as potential additional targets for complement-based therapy. Strategies are being developed to prevent complement-induced injury both in transplant and in native kidneys.
Hair self shadowing and transparency depth ordering using occupancy maps (2009)

This paper presents a method for quickly constructing a high-quality approximate visibility function for high frequency semi-transparent geometry such as hair. We can then reconstruct the visibility for any fragment without the expensive compression needed by Deep Shadow Maps and with a quality that is much better than what is attainable at similar framerates using Opacity Maps or Deep Opacity Maps. The memory footprint of our method is also considerably lower than that of previous methods. We then use a similar method to achieve back-to-front sorted alpha blending of the fragments with results that are virtually indistinguishable from depth-peeling and an order of magnitude faster.
A systems methodology for the development and evaluation of a telematic home haemodialysis service (2002)

The advent of telematic technology offers the prospects of developing home haemodialysis as a viable treatment for end-stage renal disease. In this paper, the role of systems methodology in devising such a service is discussed. It is shown how systems modelling enables the problem to be analysed, user requirements to be identified, the system architecture to be specified and a basis provided for evaluation. The approach adopted to system evaluation is described and a framework is produced. The current status and key issues are discussed.
A Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled, Randomized, Clinical Trial of the TLR-3 Agonist Rintatolimod in Severe Cases of Chronic Fatigue Syndrome (2012)

ClinicalTrials.gov NCT00215800.
Immediate-Release Oxybutynin for the Treatment of Clozapine-Induced Sialorrhea (2011)

To our knowledge, this is the first report of immediate-release oxybutynin successfully reducing clozapine-induced sialorrhea. If oxybutynin is considered for this indication, use of the immediate-release formulation seems prudent. Additional data, including randomized controlled trials, are needed to confirm whether immediate-release oxybutynin has a significant role in the management of this stigmatizing adverse effect.
FTIR-ATR Analysis of Brewed Coffee:  Effect of Roasting Conditions (2003)

FTIR-ATR was used to study the effect of roasting conditions on the flavor of brewed coffee using Guatemala Antigua coffee beans. The 1800-1680 cm(-1) carbonyl region for vinyl esters/lactones, esters, aldehydes, ketones, and acids was found to provide a flavor-print of the brewed coffee. A study of light, medium, and dark roasts indicated that when the rate of heating to the onset of the first and second cracks was kept constant, the types of carbonyl compounds formed were similar, varying only in their concentration. This difference in concentration is apparently due to the additional heating of the coffee bean beyond the second crack. When the heating rate to the onset of the first and second crack was varied, both the types and concentration of the carbonyl compounds formed during roasting were affected. Thus, heating rates of green coffee beans to the onset of the first and second cracks are important determinants of the basic taste and aroma of brewed coffee.
Surface and interface characterisation of high-k dielectric materials on silicon and III-V semiconductor substrates (2010)

Interface formation between high-k dielectric oxide materials and semiconductor surfaces is of critical importance to the development of the next generation of high\nspeed semiconductor devices. This thesis investigates the deposition and characterisation of a range of candidate high-k materials on both silicon and III-V (InGaAs and InP) semiconductor substrates, with the focus on interface formation.The primary characterisation techniques used to study the interface chemistry were x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and synchrotron radiation based photoemission, while atomic force microscopy (AFM) was used in some experiments\nfor surface roughness measurements. The first part of the study evaluates a range of surface preparation methods prior to dielectric deposition aimed at removing the\nnative oxides and passivating the surfaces while keeping surface roughness to a minimum. Methods investigated for silicon surface preparation included flash cleaning, hydrofluoric acid (HF) etching and the growth of self limiting ultra-thin oxides. For InGaAs the optimisation of the ammonium sulphide (NH4)2S and hydrogen sulphide (H2S) passivation treatments was investigated and an in-depth\nstudy of atomic hydrogen cleaning was undertaken. For InP surfaces, an (NH4)2S based treatment was compared to an alternative acid based etch. The dielectric/substrate systems investigated included the reactive deposition of\nmagnesium oxide (MgO) on Si studied by XPS and synchrotron radiation photoemission and aluminium oxide (Al2O3) deposited by atomic layer deposition (ALD) on indium gallium arsenide (InGaAs) also studied by XPS. Electron beam\ndeposition studies of HfO2 were also carried out on InP after various surface treatments, followed by XPS and electrical characterisation to determine the effect of\nthe surface treatments in terms of native oxide and defect generation.
Enhanced Dispersion of TiO2 Nanoparticles in a TiO2/PEDOT:PSS Hybrid Nanocomposite via Plasma-Liquid Interactions (2015)

A facile method to synthesize a TiO2/PEDOT:PSS hybrid nanocomposite material in aqueous solution through direct current (DC) plasma processing at atmospheric pressure and room temperature has been demonstrated. The dispersion of the TiO2 nanoparticles is enhanced and TiO2/polymer hybrid nanoparticles with a distinct core shell structure have been obtained. Increased electrical conductivity was observed for the plasma treated TiO2/PEDOT:PSS nanocomposite. The improvement in nanocomposite properties is due to the enhanced dispersion and stability in liquid polymer of microplasma treated TiO2 nanoparticles. Both plasma induced surface charge and nanoparticle surface termination with specific plasma chemical species are proposed to provide an enhanced barrier to nanoparticle agglomeration and promote nanoparticle-polymer binding.
Protein Motifs Involved in Coenzyme Interaction and Enzymatic Efficiency in <i>Anabaena</i> Ferredoxin-NADP<sup>+</sup> Reductase, (2009)

Ferredoxin-NADP+ reductases (FNRs) must determine the coenzyme specificity and allow the transient encounter between N5 of its flavin cofactor and C4 of the coenzyme nicotinamide for efficient hydride transfer. Combined site-directed replacements in different putative determinants of the FNR coenzyme specificity were simultaneously produced. The resulting variants were structurally and functionally analyzed for their binding and hydride transfer abilities to the FNR physiological coenzyme NADP+/H, as well as to NAD+/H. The previously studied Y303S mutation is the only one that significantly enhances specificity for NAD+. Combination of mutations from the pyrophosphate or 2′-phosphate regions, even including Y303S, does not improve activity with NAD+, despite structures of these FNRs show how particular coenzyme-binding regions resembled motifs found in NAD+/H-dependent enzymes of the FNR family. Therefore, the “rational approach” did not succeed well, and coenzyme specificity redesign in the FNR family will be more complex than that anticipated in other NADP+/NAD+ families.
Rolipram, a phosphodiesterase 4 inhibitor, prevented cancellous and cortical bone loss by inhibiting endosteal bone resorption and maintaining the elevated periosteal bone formation in adult ovariectomized rats. (2007)

Cyclic AMP (cAMP) is a continually produced nucleotide inactivated by hydrolysis to 5'AMP via phosphodiesterase (PDE) enzymes. Rolipram is a selective PDE4 inhibitor reported to have anti-inflammatory effects and used in the treatment of asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). The current study was designed to determine whether Rolipram could prevent and restore bone loss in ovariectomized (OVX) rats. Six-month-old Sprague Dawley rats underwent either sham-operated or bilateral ovariectomy, and were left untreated for 60 days to develop osteopenia. Then they were treated with vehicle, 6 mg/kg PGE(2), 3 microg/kg Alendronate or 0.1-1.0 mg/kg Rolipram for 60 days. At sacrifice, the right tibiae were processed for quantitative bone histomorphometric measurements. The right femurs were measured by dual energy A-ray absorptiometry and the 5th lumbar vertebrae were subjected to micro-computed tomography to access bone mass and architecture changes. Our results indicated that OVX induced negative bone balance in all five bone sites we tested, with bone resorption exceeding bone formation. Rolipram at 0.1-0.6 mg/kg dose levels prevented while at 1 mg/kg restored ovariectomy-induced cancellous and cortical bone loss in the tibia, femur and lumbar vertebra. Dynamic bone histomorphometry suggested that these beneficial effects were achieved by partially maintaining the elevated bone formation at the trabecular bone surface and increasing bone formation at the periosteal bone surface of the cortex. Furthermore, it reduced bone turnover at the trabecular and the endocortical bone surfaces. The prevention of further bone loss effects were comparable to those of an anti-resorption agent (Alendronate) but were not as great as those of an anabolic agent (PGE(2)). In addition, Rolipram treatment increased body and muscle weights compared to the vehicle-treated OVX rats. In conclusion, our study in an osteopenic rat model suggested that a selective PDE4 inhibitor may be used for the treatment of established osteoporosis.
Dantale: A New Danish Speech Material (1989)

A new Danish speech material (DANTALE) for clinical and experimental speech audiometry is digitally recorded on compact disc (CD). The speech material is designed to meet present audiological requirements at Danish hearing centres. One channel of the CD contains the speech signals and the other a masking noise. The CD also contains various calibration signals recorded on both channels at the end of the CD. The speech material compromises: 1) Digit triplets for the measurement of speech reception threshold (SRT). 2) Lists of monosyllabic words for the measurement of discrimination score (DS) for adults, children and small children. The word lists for the adults are equalized with regard to important phonetic and "visual" elements and the word lists for the children consist of minimal pairs. 3) Continuous speech for the measurement of the most comfortable loudness level (MCL), assessment of hearing aid fitting and the like. The masking noise is an amplitude-modulated, speech-shaped noise signal, which is designed to simulate a 4-person speech babble in order to assess both the frequency selectivity and the temporal resolution. The speech material is described and the long-term power spectra and modulation spectra are given.
Learning to Query, Reason, and Answer Questions On Ambiguous Texts (2017)

A key goal of research in conversational systems is to train an interactive agent to help a user with a task. Human conversation, however, is notoriously incomplete, ambiguous, and full of extraneous detail. To operate effectively, the agent must not only understand what was explicitly conveyed but also be able to reason in the presence of missing or unclear information. When unable to resolve ambiguities on its own, the agent must be able to ask the user for the necessary clarifications and incorporate the response in its reasoning. Motivated by this problem we introduce QRAQ (crack; Query, Reason, and Answer Questions), a new synthetic domain, in which a User gives an Agent a short story and asks a challenge question. These problems are designed to test the reasoning and interaction capabilities of a learning-based Agent in a setting that requires multiple conversational turns. A good Agent should ask only non-deducible, relevant questions until it has enough information to correctly answer the User's question. We use standard and improved reinforcement learning based memory-network architectures to solve QRAQ problems in the difficult setting where the reward signal only tells the Agent if its final answer to the challenge question is correct or not. To provide an upper-bound to the RL results we also train the same architectures using supervised information that tells the Agent during training which variables to query and the answer to the challenge question. We evaluate our architectures on four QRAQ dataset types, and scale the complexity for each along multiple dimensions.
Occludin Independently Regulates Permeability under Hydrostatic Pressure and Cell Division in Retinal Pigment Epithelial Cells (2008)

The data suggest that occludin regulates tight junction permeability in response to changes in hydrostatic pressure. Furthermore, these data suggest that occludin also contributes to the control of cell division, demonstrating a novel function for this tight junction protein.