gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Composition-Controlled Synthesis of Bimetallic Gold−Silver Nanoparticles (2004)

This paper reports findings of an investigation of the synthesis of monolayer-capped binary gold-silver (AuAg) bimetallic nanoparticles that is aimed at understanding the control factors governing the formation of the bimetallic compositions. The synthesis of alkanethiolate-capped AuAg nanoparticles was carried out using two related synthetic protocols using aqueous sodium borohydride as a reducing agent. One involves a two-phase reduction of AuCl(4)(-), which is dissolved in organic solution, and Ag(+), which is dissolved in aqueous solution. The other protocol involves a two-phase reduction of AuCl(4)(-) and AgBr(2)(-), both of which are dissolved in the same organic solution. AuAg nanoparticles of 2-3 nm core sizes with different compositions in the range of 0-100% Au have been synthesized. The two synthetic routes were compared in terms of bimetallic composition and size properties. Our new findings have allowed us to establish the correlation between synthetic feeding of metals and metal compositions in the bimetallic nanoparticles, which have important implications to the exploration of gold-based bimetallic nanoparticles for constructing sensing and catalytic nanomaterials.
Synthesis and Gas-Permeation Characterization of a Novel High-Surface Area Polyamide Derived from 1,3,6,8-Tetramethyl-2,7-diaminotriptycene: Towards Polyamides of Intrinsic Microporosity (PIM-PAs) (2019)

A triptycene-based diamine, 1,3,6,8-tetramethyl-2,7-diamino-triptycene (TMDAT), was used for the synthesis of a novel solution-processable polyamide obtained via polycondensation reaction with 4,4'-(hexafluoroisopropylidene)bis(benzoic acid) (6FBBA). Molecular simulations confirmed that the tetrasubstitution with <i>ortho</i>-methyl groups in the triptycene building block reduced rotations around the C⁻N bond of the amide group leading to enhanced fractional free volume. Based on N₂ sorption at 77 K, 6FBBA-TMDAT revealed microporosity with a Brunauer⁻Emmett⁻Teller (BET) surface area of 396 m² g<sup>-1</sup>; to date, this is the highest value reported for a linear polyamide. The aged 6FBBA-TMDAT sample showed moderate pure-gas permeabilities (e.g., 198 barrer for H₂, ~109 for CO₂, and ~25 for O₂) and permselectivities (e.g., αH₂/CH₄ of ~50) that position this polyamide close to the 2008 H₂/CH₄ and H₂/N₂ upper bounds. CO₂⁻CH₄ mixed-gas permeability experiments at 35 °C demonstrated poor plasticization resistance; mixed-gas permselectivity negatively deviated from the pure-gas values likely, due to the enhancement of CH₄ diffusion induced by mixing effects.
Noncatalytic Organic Synthesis Using Supercritical Water: The Peculiarity Near the Critical Point (1999)

Pinacol and Beckmann rearrangements can be carried out effectively by using supercritical water (scH(2)O) both as an acid catalyst as well as a medium. In the near-critical region not only are the rates significantly accelerated (see picture), but the nature of supercritical water can be adjusted to give weak acidity, which opens a new reaction pathway to a Diels-Alder adduct between dehydrated products.
Specular-reflection-based flatness tester (2004)

The inspection of plastic film flatness is approached by utilizing the light specular reflection off the film. A grating image formed by the reflection provides the slope information of the film surface. The wedge test shows the specular reflection-based flatness tester can achieve the slope accuracy of 0.01°. The film test shows the capability of the tester on the surface with a variety of slopes resulting in RMS and PV values of the slope. The film appearance in terms of the amount of interference rings is correlated to the RMS value of slope derivative.
Set Partitioning in Hierarchical Trees for Point Cloud Attribute Compression (2021)

We propose an embedded attribute encoding method for point clouds based on set partitioning in hierarchical trees (SPIHT). The encoder is used with the region-adaptive hierarchical transform which has been a popular transform for point cloud coding, even included in the standard geometry-based point cloud coder (G-PCC). The result is an encoder that is efficient, scalable, and embedded. That is, higher compression is achieved by trimming the full bit-stream. G-PCCs RAHT coefficient prediction prevents the straightforward incorporation of SPIHT into G-PCC. However, our results over other RAHT-based coders are promising, improving over the original, nonpredictive RAHT encoder, while providing the key functionality of being embedded.
Design and numerical simulations of W-diamond transmission target for distributed x-ray sources (2018)

Distributed x-ray sources enable novel designs of x-ray imaging systems. However, the x-ray power of such sources is limited by the focal spot power density of the fixed anode. To further improve x-ray output, we have designed and evaluated a diamond-W transmission target for multi-pixel x-ray sources. The target features a thin layer of tungsten deposited on a diamond substrate. The thickness of tungsten layer was optimized for maximum fluence through Monte Carlo simulations. Finite element thermal simulations were performed to evaluate focal spot temperature in the target under different power loadings and dwell duration. The results showed that the optimal thickness of the tungsten layer in the W-diamond transmission target is linearly proportional to the electron energy. A 5-6 <i>μ</i>m tungsten thickness is suitable for the kVps ranges from 60 kVp to 140 kVp. A W-diamond transmission target produces up to 20% more x-ray fluence than a traditional W reflection target in the beam center depending on the kVp settings. The x-ray spectrum of the transmission target shows less characteristic x-rays than that of reflection target. The thermal performance of W-diamond targets for peak power is significantly better than that of reflection targets. The maximum focal spot power densities of W-diamond transmission and W reflection targets are both strongly dependent on the dwell duration. For longer pulse durations, the W-diamond target allows as much as a four-fold increase in power and an eight-fold increase in power density in comparison to a traditional W reflection target for the same temperature spikes. The stability of the W-diamond bond needs to be tested experimentally. Nevertheless, the W-diamond transmission target is an appealing target that can significantly simplify the design and improve the performance of distributed x-ray sources.
An in vitro method for the prediction of renal proximal tubular toxicity in humans (2013)

The kidney is one of the major target organs for drug-induced toxicity. The renal proximal tubule is frequently affected due to its roles in drug transport and in concentrating the glomerular filtrate. Drug-induced kidney injury is associated with increased morbidity and mortality of patients. During drug development, nephrotoxicity is typically detected only late, which leads to high costs for the pharmaceutical industry. A central problem is the lack of pre-clinical models with high predictability. Regulatory accepted or validated in vitro models for the prediction of nephrotoxicity are not available. We developed a novel in vitro model for the prediction of renal proximal tubular toxicity in humans. It employs human primary renal proximal tubular cells and the expression levels of interleukin (IL)-6 and IL-8 were used as the endpoint. The model was evaluated with 41 well-characterized drugs and chemicals. The median values of the major performance metrics (balanced accuracy, sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, negative predictive value and area under the curve of the receiver operating characteristic curve) ranged between 0.76 and 0.85. This revealed that the predictability of the model is high and it would be expected that in ∼76%-85% of the cases where compounds were predicted as positives or negatives the predictions would be correct. Altogether, the data suggest that the model would allow the prediction of drug-induced proximal tubular toxicity at early pre-clinical stages during drug development. Future work will aim at further validating this model and adapting it to recently developed renal proximal tubular-like cells derived from human pluripotent stem cells.
Fiber optic liquid level monitoring system using microstructured polymer fiber Bragg grating array sensors: performance analysis (2015)

A highly sensitive liquid level monitoring system based on microstructured polymer optical fiber Bragg grating (mPOFBG) array sensors is reported for the first time. The configuration is based on five mPOFBGs inscribed in the same fiber in the 850 nm spectral region, showing the potential to interrogate liquid level by measuring the strain induced in each mPOFBG embedded in a silicone rubber (SR) diaphragm, which deforms due to hydrostatic pressure variations. The sensor exhibits a highly linear response over the sensing range, a good repeatability, and a high resolution. The sensitivity of the sensor is found to be 98 pm/cm of water, enhanced by more than a factor of 9 when compared to an equivalent sensor based on a silica fiber around 1550 nm. The temperature sensitivity is studied and a multi-sensor arrangement proposed, which has the potential to provide level readings independent of temperature and the liquid density.
Optical fiber sensor technique for strain measurement during materials deposition, chemical reaction, and relaxation (1988)

Laser light from a common source is split and conveyed through two similar optical fibers and emitted at their respective ends to form an interference pattern, one of the optical fibers having a portion thereof subjected to a strain. Changes in the strain cause changes in the optical path length of the strain fiber, and generate corresponding changes in the interference pattern. The interference pattern is received and transduced into signals representative of fringe shifts corresponding to changes in the strain experienced by the strained one of the optical fibers. These signals are then processed to evaluate strain as a function of time, typical examples of the application of the apparatus including electrodeposition of a metallic film on a conductive surface provided on the outside of the optical fiber being strained, so that strains generated in the optical fiber during the course of the electrodeposition are measurable as a function of time. In one aspect of the invention, signals relating to the fringe shift are stored for subsequent processing and analysis, whereas in another aspect of the invention the signals are processed for real-time display of the strain changes under study. 9 figs.
Mechanochemical Synthesis of Extended Iptycenes (2016)

Iptycenes are intriguing compounds receiving considerable attention as a result of their rigid noncompliant three-dimensional architecture. The preparation of larger iptycenes is often problematic, as a result of their limited solubility and synthetic procedures involving multiple Diels-Alder reactions under harsh extended reaction conditions. We report a mechanochemical synthesis of structurally well-defined iptycenes through an iterative reaction sequence, wherein Diels-Alder reactions and a subsequent aromatization afford higher order iptycenes. We further report that double Diels-Alder reactions under solvent-free condition provide facile access to highly functionalized iptycenes with molecular weights over 2000 Da. Quartz crystal microbalance measurements reveal that these materials efficiently absorb the aromatic hydrocarbons benzene and toluene.
Oral hypoglycemic agents. Discovery and structure-activity relationships of phenacylimidazolium halides (1989)

Blood glucose levels in viable, yellow, obese, diabetic mice are reduced following oral administration of phenacylimidazolium halides. Compounds 2 and 3 produced reductions of ca. 40% 2 h after doses of 100 mg/kg po. Since these mice do not respond to sulfonylureas, the glucose-lowering activity of phenacylimidazolium salts in this model suggests a mechanism other than that of stimulating insulin secretion. Only phenacylimidazolium halides with electron-donating groups were active; other azolium salts or variations in the phenacyl portion (alterations in the keto function; chain lengthening or extensive branching) produced inactive compounds.
Abstract 1630: The PKC inhibitor Sotrastaurin selectively inhibits the growth of CD79 mutant diffuse-large B-cell lymphoma (2011)

Abstract The activated B-cell-like (ABC) subtype of diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) is characterized by constitutive activation of the oncogenic NF-κB pathway and is associated with poor prognosis. Recent studies demonstrated dependence on NF-κB pathway activation and identified genetic lesions in NF-κB pathway regulators, including CARD11/CARMA1, A20/TNFAIP3, and CD79A/B. In this study, we evaluated the therapeutic potential of the selective PKC inhibitor sotrastaurin (STN) in preclinical models of DLBCL. We found that a significant fraction of ABC DLBCL cell lines exhibited strong sensitivity to sotrastaurin and detected that responsiveness can be predicted based on the molecular nature of NF-κB pathway lesions. While mutations in CD79A/B correlate with sensitivity to PKC inhibitors, mutations in CARD11 render ABC DLBCL cell lines insensitive to PKC inhibitors. The growth inhibitory effect of PKC inhibitors correlates with NF-κB pathway inhibition and is mediated by the induction of a G1 cell cycle arrest and/or apoptosis. Collectively, our study provides a strong rationale for the clinical evaluation of sotrastaurin in ABC DLBCL patients that harbor CD79 mutations, and furthermore illustrates the necessity to stratify DLBCL patients according to their genetic abnormalities. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 102nd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2011 Apr 2-6; Orlando, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2011;71(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 1630. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2011-1630
Reducing Campylobacter jejuni Colonization of Poultry via Vaccination (2014)

Campylobacter jejuni is a leading bacterial cause of human gastrointestinal disease worldwide. While C. jejuni is a commensal organism in chickens, case-studies have demonstrated a link between infection with C. jejuni and the consumption of foods that have been cross-contaminated with raw or undercooked poultry. We hypothesized that vaccination of chickens with C. jejuni surface-exposed colonization proteins (SECPs) would reduce the ability of C. jejuni to colonize chickens, thereby reducing the contamination of poultry products at the retail level and potentially providing a safer food product for consumers. To test our hypothesis, we injected chickens with recombinant C. jejuni peptides from CadF, FlaA, FlpA, CmeC, and a CadF-FlaA-FlpA fusion protein. Seven days following challenge, chickens were necropsied and cecal contents were serially diluted and plated to determine the number of C. jejuni per gram of material. The sera from the chickens were also analyzed to determine the concentration and specificity of antibodies reactive against the C. jejuni SECPs. Vaccination of chickens with the CadF, FlaA, and FlpA peptides resulted in a reduction in the number of C. jejuni in the ceca compared to the non-vaccinated C. jejuni-challenged group. The greatest reduction in C. jejuni colonization was observed in chickens injected with the FlaA, FlpA, or CadF-FlaA-FlpA fusion proteins. Vaccination of chickens with different SECPs resulted in the production of C. jejuni-specific IgY antibodies. In summary, we show that the vaccination of poultry with individual C. jejuni SECPs or a combination of SECPs provides protection of chickens from C. jejuni colonization.
Data from RNF6 Promotes Colorectal Cancer by Activating the Wnt/β-Catenin Pathway via Ubiquitination of TLE3 (2023)

<div>Abstract<p>Gene amplification is a hallmark of cancer and is frequently observed in colorectal cancer. Previous whole-genome sequencing of colorectal cancer clinical specimens identified amplification of Ring finger protein 6 (RNF6), a RING-domain E3 ubiquitin ligase. In this study, we showed that <i>RNF6</i> is upregulated in 73.5% (147/200) of patients with colorectal cancer and was positively associated with <i>RNF6</i> gene amplification. Furthermore, RNF6 expression and its gene amplification were independent prognostic factors for poor outcome of patients with colorectal cancer. RNF6 promoted cell growth, cell-cycle progression, and epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition in colorectal cancer cells; RNF6 also promoted colorectal tumor growth and lung metastasis in mouse models. Mechanistic investigations revealed that RNF6 bound and ubiquitylated transducin-like enhancer of split 3 (TLE3), a transcriptional repressor of the β-catenin/TCF4 complex. RNF6-mediated degradation of TLE3 significantly suppressed the association of TLE3 with TCF4/LEF, which in turn led to recruitment of β-catenin to TCF4/LEF, triggering Wnt/β-catenin activation. Restoration of TLE3 expression abolished the oncogenic effects of RNF6. Taken together, these results demonstrate that RNF6 plays a pivotal oncogenic role in colorectal tumorigenesis.</p><p><b>Significance:</b> RNF6-mediated ubiquitination and degradation of TLE3 activates the Wnt/β-catenin pathway in colorectal carcinogenesis. <i>Cancer Res; 78(8); 1958–71. ©2018 AACR</i>.</p></div>
Notch2 Is Required for Inflammatory Cytokine-Driven Goblet Cell Metaplasia in the Lung (2014)

The balance and distribution of epithelial cell types is required to maintain tissue homeostasis. A hallmark of airway diseases is epithelial remodeling, leading to increased goblet cell numbers and an overproduction of mucus. In the conducting airway, basal cells act as progenitors for both secretory and ciliated cells. To identify mechanisms regulating basal cell fate, we developed a screenable 3D culture system of airway epithelial morphogenesis. We performed a high-throughput screen using a collection of secreted proteins and identified inflammatory cytokines that specifically biased basal cell differentiation toward a goblet cell fate, culminating in enhanced mucus production. We also demonstrate a specific requirement for Notch2 in cytokine-induced goblet cell metaplasia in vitro and in vivo. We conclude that inhibition of Notch2 prevents goblet cell metaplasia induced by a broad range of stimuli and propose Notch2 neutralization as a therapeutic strategy for preventing goblet cell metaplasia in airway diseases.
Distributed-feedback terahertz quantum-cascade lasers using laterally corrugated metal waveguides. (2005)

We report the demonstration of distributed-feedback terahertz quantum-cascade lasers based on a first-order grating fabricated via a lateral corrugation in a double-sided metal ridge waveguide. The phase of the facet reflection was precisely set by lithographically defined facets by dry etching. Single-mode emission was observed at low to moderate injection currents, although multimode emission was observed far beyond threshold owing to spatial hole burning. Finite-element simulations were used to calculate the modal and threshold characteristics for these devices, with results in good agreement with experiments.
Sequential Linear Detection in One-Bit Quantized Uplink Massive MIMO with Oversampling (2018)

Owing to their low power consumption and cost, employing 1-bit analog-to-digital converters (ADC) in massive multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) systems has attracted significant attention, which resulted in such systems to be examined widely in the recent literature. In our previous studies, benefits of temporal oversampling in 1-bit quantized uplink massive MIMO systems is investigated by employing a high complexity zero-forcing (ZF) detector. In this study, we propose a sequential linear receiver as an alternative to the existing ZF receiver for the temporal oversampling case in literature. The complexity of the proposed receiver for temporally oversampled uplink massive MIMO with 1-bit ADC increases linearly with block length while the complexity of the existing ZF receiver grows with the cube of block length. Furthermore, significant reduction for the delay in the estimation of the transmitted data symbols is achieved with the proposed receiver.
Self-Synchronized, Continuous Body Weight Monitoring Using Flexible Force Sensors and Ground Reaction Force Signal Processing (2020)

Change patterns in body weight are significant indicators of a variety of medical conditions and in some instances, such as congestive heart failure, strong predictors of critical care interventions. The continuous monitoring of body weight can therefore help care givers and patients reduce the risks that are inherent in ignoring body weight changes or in measuring them infrequently. One possible approach to continuous body weight monitoring is to use shoe-integrated sensors. Such approach is however hampered by the lack of patient's adherence to medical protocols and by the detrimental impact of motion artifacts on weight measurements during body movement. The objective of this paper is to show that both problems can be readily addressed by pushing body weight measurement into the background of the patient's daily routine and by adapting piezoresistive flexible force sensors to the specific requirements of accurate body weight measurement during motion. The proposed solution is enabled by two major innovations. The first is a sensor array architecture that helps in collecting the total vertical GRF on each foot during the walk cycle. The second is based on extracting unique features from the waveforms of ground reaction forces (GRFs) as measured by the flexible force sensor array. This paper is dedicated to a full and detailed description of this second innovation that includes the extraction of GRF waveform features using real-time signal processing and the elimination of motion artifacts using accurate estimates of the vertical acceleration of the body's center of mass. A prototype demo system of the proposed solution is described along with testing results using a human subject in various walk conditions. The prototype is comprised of three subsystems: the shoe-integrated flexible sensor array, a sentinel subsystem implemented as a wearable smart watch, and a communication subsystem between sensors and sentinel. The prototype is distinguished with several unique features that ensures its wearability and low cost, including its self synchronizing data collection and the absence of any inertial motion units.
Efficient Symbol-Spreading Strategies for Wireless Communication (1994)

Includes bibliographical references (p. 76-78).
Thermally Rearranged (TR) Poly(ether−benzoxazole) Membranes for Gas Separation (2011)

Thermal rearrangement of hydroxyl-containing polyimides in solid state formed microporous polybenzoxazoles showing extraordinarily fast molecular transport for small gas molecules. Their microporous structure and size distribution can be tuned easily by varying the chemical structure of the precursor hydroxyl−polyimide and by using different thermal treatment protocols. This manuscript reports, for the first time, the synthesis of ether containing polybenzoxazole, that is, poly(ether−benzoxazole) (PEBO) membranes by thermal rearrangement of a novel fluorinated poly(o-hydroxy ether−imide). The effect of increased chain flexibility on the physical and transport properties of the resultant thermally rearranged (TR) polymer membranes for different thermal treatment protocols (e.g., final temperature and thermal dwell time) have been examined and reported in detail.