gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
THE GLOBAL EPIDEMIOLOGY, SYNDROMIC CLASSIFICATION, MANAGEMENT, AND PREVENTION OF SPIDER BITES (2004)

Spiders are carnivorous arthropods that coexist with humans and ambush or ensnare prey. Unlike other arthropods, spiders rarely transmit communicable diseases, and play a critical role in the ecosystem by consuming other arthropods that frequently transmit human diseases, such as mosquitoes and flies. There are more than 30,000 species of spiders, most of which are venomous, but they cannot inflict serious bites due to delicate mouthparts and short fangs. The differential diagnosis of spider bites is extensive and includes other arthropod bites, skin infections, and exposure to chemical or physical agents. However, approximately 200 species from 20 genera of spiders worldwide can cause severe human envenomings, with dermonecrosis, systemic toxicity, and death. Spider bites can usually be prevented by simple personal and domestic measures. Early species identification and specific management may help prevent serious sequelae of spider bites.
<i>In vivo</i>autofluorescence in the biological windows: the role of pigmentation (2015)

Small animal deep-tissue fluorescence imaging in the second Biological Window (II-BW, 1000-1350 nm) is limited by the presence of undesirable infrared-excited, infrared-emitted (900-1700 nm) autofluorescence whose origin, spectral properties and dependence on strains is still unknown. In this work, the infrared autofluorescence and laser-induced whole body heating of five different mouse strains with distinct coat colors (black, grey, agouti, white and nude) has been systematically investigated. While neither the spectral properties nor the magnitude of organ autofluorescence vary significantly between mouse strains, the coat color has been found to strongly determine both the autofluorescence intensity as well as the laser-induced whole body heating. Results included in this work reveal mouse strain as a critical parameter that has to be seriously considered in the design and performance of small animal imaging experiments based on infrared-emitting fluorescent markers.
The chemistry of and physics with porous sol-gel glasses (1987)

Porous media with well-defined pore diameters can be employed as hosts within which one may study a wealth of physical phenomena in well-characterized confining geometries. In this paper we describe the procedures for forming variable pore size glasses via the sol-gel process. Two general methods were used to form the gels from which the porous glasses were formed; the hydrolysis of the alkoxides and the gelling of colloidal silica, e.g., DuPont LUDOX. By controlling the pH of the gelling solution, the water/silica ratio and the firing temperature, glasses with pore diameters ranging from less than 2–12 nm were formed from the alkoxide hydrolysis. Larger pore diameters were obtained from colloidal silica gels, the largest being in the 45-nm range in glasses made from leached alkali silicate gels. Extensive high resolution transmission electron microscopy analysis showed both ‘‘colloidal’’ and ‘‘polymeric’’ type glasses, in addition to an intraparticle structure in the 1–3 nm range. An example is given where subpicosecond optical birefringence techniques have been used to directly probe the rotational dynamics of different molecular liquids in several glasses having different pore sizes. Thus, a systematic evaluation of the liquid behavior as a function of its geometrical confinement is obtained and the results discussed.
Cyclopolymerization of diallylsilanes (1977)

Abstract A survey has been made of the polymerizability of diallysilanes, including a number of new compounds. Rates of polymerization are generally low with radical or Ziegler‐Natta techniques, but excellent yields are often obtained when the initiator is aluminum bromide.
Development of a single photon avalanche diode (SPAD) array in high voltage CMOS 0.8 &#x00B5;m dedicated to a 3D integrated circuit (3DIC) (2012)

We present the realization of Single Photon Avalanche Diode (SPA D) arrays for Positron Emission Tomography (PET). These SPAD arrays are designed in Teledyne BALSA High Voltage (HV) CMOS technology targeted for a 3 dimensional (3D) heterogeneous integration with deep-submicron CMOS readout electronics to realize a 3D Single Photon Counting Module (3DSPCM). We are developing a post-process Through Silicon Vias (TSV) technology at Universite de Sherbrooke to implement the 3D heterogeneous bonding. The 3D integration of SPAD and electronics reduces the SPAD interconnect parasitic capacitance, greatly increases the photosensitive area and improves overall performances. Also, SPAD are known for their excellent timing performance which enables Time of Flight capabilities in PET, significantly improving image contrast and spatial resolution. For this purpose, we designed, fabricated and characterized SPAD arrays with active quenching circuit using the HV CMOS 0.8 μm technology. The chosen structure is a p+ anode in an n-well using a p-well isolation layer to achieve 54 % of fill factor and takes full advantage of the 3D integration scheme. SPAD evaluation results show a Photodetection Efficiency (PDE) up to 49 % at 480 nm, Dark Count Rate (DCR) of 50 kcps, afterpulsing probability <;2 %, crosstalk probability <;1 %, and timing jitter of 100 ps at room temperature.
Current-perpendicular spin valves with partially oxidized magnetic layers for ultrahigh-density magnetic recording (2003)

Magnetoresistance (MR) of current-perpendicular spin valves with nano-oxide layers (NOLs) has been investigated. Insertion of a NOL in a spacer between free and pinned magnetic layers can increase both resistance and MR ratio of the spin valves to the level that satisfies the needs for over 150-Gb/in/sup 2/ recording density. It is shown that the MR enhancement is strongly NOL-material dependent; ferromagnetic CoFe(B) alloys are found to be quite effective in the improvement, while nonmagnetic composites such as TaCu and RuCu degrade the MR ratio. The NOL-thickness dependence of the MR ratio is also measured. It is presented that the CoFe(B) NOL thicker than 1 nm greatly enhances the MR ratio. Nominal-thickness dependence of residual magnetic moment of the NOLs shows that partially oxidized CoFe(B) layers are most effective for the MR enhancement. Little degradation of the free-layer response to an applied magnetic field by the NOL insertion has been observed. From the current-voltage (I-V) characteristic, the electronic transport is revealed to be dominated by metallic conduction rather than tunneling. It suggests that the enhancement stems from the conduction through pinholes.
Functions of Cancer-Derived Extracellular Vesicles in Immunosuppression (2017)

Extracellular vesicles, including exosomes, constitute an important element of intercellular communication by carrying a variety of molecules from producer to target cells. The transport of mRNA and miRNA can directly modulate gene expression in the target cells. The miRNA content in exosomes is characteristic for the cell from which the vesicles were derived enabling the usage of exosomes as biomarkers for the diagnosis various diseases, including cancer. Cancer-derived exosomes support the survival and progression of tumors in many ways and also contribute to the neutralization of the anti-cancer immune response. Exosomes participate in all known mechanisms by which cancer evades the immune system. They influence the differentiation and activation of immune suppressor cells, they modulate antigen presentation, and are able to induce T-cell apoptosis. Although cancer-derived exosomes mainly suppress the immune system and facilitate tumor progression, they are also important sources of tumor antigens with potential clinical application in stimulating immune responses. This review summarizes how exosomes assist cancer to escape immune recognition and to acquire control over the immune system.
Rapid heterogeneous liver-cell on-chip patterning via the enhanced field-induced dielectrophoresis trap (2006)

Biomimetic heterogeneous patterning of hepatic and endothelial cells, which start from randomly distributed cells inside the microfluidic chamber, via the chip design of enhanced field-induced dielectrophoresis (DEP) trap is demonstrated and reported in this paper. The concentric-stellate-tip electrode array design in this chip generates radial-pattern electric fields for the DEP manipulation of the live liver cells. By constructing the geometric shape and the distribution of stellate tips, the DEP electrodes enhance the desired spatial electric-field gradients to guide and snare individual cells to form the desired biomimetic pattern. With this proposed microfluidic chip design, the original randomly distributed hepatocytes inside the microfluidic chamber can be manipulated in parallel and align into the desired pearl-chain array pattern. This radial pattern mimics the lobular morphology of real liver tissue. The endothelial cells, then, are snared into the additional pearl-chain array and settle at the space in-between the previous hepatic pearl-chain array. By this cell-lab chip, we demonstrate the in vitro reconstruction of the heterogeneous lobule-mimetic radial pattern with good cell viability after cell patterning. This work reports the rapid in-parallel patterning of the dual types of live liver cells via the enhanced DEP trap inside the microfluidic chip.
Tumor cell cycle arrest induced by shear stress: Roles of integrins and Smad (2008)

Interstitial flow in and around tumor tissue affects the mechanical microenvironment to modulate tumor cell growth and metastasis. We investigated the roles of flow-induced shear stress in modulating cell cycle distribution in four tumor cell lines and the underlying mechanisms. In all four cell lines, incubation under static conditions for 24 or 48 h led to G(0)/G(1) arrest; in contrast, shear stress (12 dynes/cm(2)) induced G(2)/M arrest. The molecular basis of the shear effect was analyzed, and the presentation on molecular mechanism is focused on human MG63 osteosarcoma cells. Shear stress induced increased expressions of cyclin B1 and p21(CIP1) and decreased expressions of cyclins A, D1, and E, cyclin-dependent protein kinases (Cdk)-1, -2, -4, and -6, and p27(KIP1) as well as a decrease in Cdk1 activity. Using specific antibodies and small interfering RNA, we found that the shear-induced G(2)/M arrest and corresponding changes in G(2)/M regulatory protein expression and activity were mediated by alpha(v)beta(3) and beta(1) integrins through bone morphogenetic protein receptor type IA-specific Smad1 and Smad5. Shear stress also down-regulated runt-related transcription factor 2 (Runx2) binding activity and osteocalcin and alkaline phosphatase expressions in MG63 cells; these responses were mediated by alpha(v)beta(3) and beta(1) integrins through Smad5. Our findings provide insights into the mechanism by which shear stress induces G(2)/M arrest in tumor cells and inhibits cell differentiation and demonstrate the importance of mechanical microenvironment in modulating molecular signaling, gene expression, cell cycle, and functions in tumor cells.
Localized surface plasmon enhanced light-emitting devices (2012)

In this paper, localized surface plasmon enhanced n-ZnO/i-ZnO/MgO/p-GaN structured light-emitting devices have been designed and constructed. It is found that the electroluminescence of the devices can be enhanced at selective wavelengths that match the localized surface plasmon extinction spectra of the metal nanoparticles.
Computing the n-dimensional Delaunay tessellation with application to Voronoi polytopes (1981)

The Delaunay tessellation in n-dimensional space is a space-filling aggregate of n-simplices. These n-simplices are the dual forms of the vertices in the commonly used Voronoi tessellation. Several efforts have been made to simulate the 2-dimensional Voronoi tessellation on the computer. Additional problems occur for the 3 and higher dimensional implementations but some of these can be avoided by alternatively computing the dual Delaunay tessellation. An algorithm that finds the topological relationships in these tessellations is given.
Impromidin-analoge Guanidine: Synthese und Wirkung am Histamin-H2-Rezeptor. 29. Mitteilung: Histamin-Analoga (1988)

Impromidine-analogous guanidines: synthesis and activity at the histamine H2-receptor. 29. Histamine analogs. /\n19 impromidine analogous guanidines were synthetized by acid hydrolysis of the corresponding N-cyanoguanidines. The guanidines were tested on the isolated spontaneously beating guinea-pig atrium for histamine H2-receptor affinity. Lengthening the ethyl chain of cysteamine by one methylene group leads to partial agonists of decreased activity. Impromidine congeners containing a branched cimetidine side chain prove to be potent H2-agonists with maximal or near maximal response. Affinity ratios in favour of the (R)-configurated enantiomers are moderate but clearly significant. The interaction between the affinity contributing moiety and the complementary receptor area shows a lower degree of stereoselectivity than does the efficacy contributing (imidazole-4-yl)propyl substituent of impromidine and sopromidine, respectively. Homoisohistamine derivatives dramatically lose both efficacy and affinity.
Periodic and Disordered Structures in a Modulated Gas-Driven Granular Layer (2003)

Experiments with a thin gas-fluidized granular layer revealed a sequence of well-defined transitions as the amplitude and frequency of the gas flow modulation are varied. The observed patterns include subharmonic squares and stripes, quasiperiodic and disordered structures. The wavelength of subharmonic patterns increases with the mean flow rate and decreases with the modulation frequency.
Pharmacokinetics of cabozantinib tablet and capsule formulations in healthy adults (2016)

Cabozantinib capsules (COMETRIQ) are approved for the treatment of patients with progressive metastatic medullary thyroid cancer. Cabozantinib tablets are investigational drug products considered to be potentially preferred pharmaceutical dosing forms. Two phase I open-label single-dose studies in healthy individuals were carried out to characterize the plasma pharmacokinetics of cabozantinib capsule and tablet formulations: a two-way crossover bioequivalence study (n=77) comparing the tablet formulation and the marketed capsule formulation at the approved 140 mg dose and a dose-proportionality study (n=21 per treatment arm) evaluating the 20, 40, and 60 mg tablet strengths. In the bioequivalence study, plasma exposure [area under the plasma concentration-time curve (AUC0-t and AUC0-inf)] values were similar (<10% difference) for both formulations and the 90% confidence intervals (CIs) around the ratio of geometric least-squares means (GLSM) were within the accepted bioequivalence limits of 80-125%. However, the GLSM for Cmax was 19% higher for the tablet formulation and the upper 90% CI for the ratio of GLSM (131.65%) was beyond the 80-125% range. Thus, the tablet and capsule formulations failed to fulfill the bioequivalence study acceptance criteria. In the dose-proportionality study, single doses of the 20, 40, and 60 mg cabozantinib tablet strengths showed dose-proportional increases where the 95% CIs for the slopes of the ln-transformed Cmax, AUC0-t, and AUC0-inf values versus ln-transformed cabozantinib dose included the value of 1. These findings indicate that cabozantinib plasma exposures increased proportionally with increasing cabozantinib dose over the 20-60 mg tablet strength dose range.
Depressive Symptoms Among Adults Visiting an Indian Health Service Primary Care Clinic (1995)

Depression is common among patients visiting primary care clinics. In order to describe the prevalence of depressive syndromes in an American Indian primary care clinic population and to help define the clinical correlates of depressive syndromes in this setting, a clinic-based research study of depression was undertaken by the Indian Health Service (IHS). One hundred and six patients from an IHS primary care clinic were systematically enlisted for participation in the study. Participants completed the Inventory for Diagnosing Depression (IDD). Twenty-two (20.7%) responded with answers scoring positive for a depressive syndrome. Nine of these 22 (8.9% of the 106 participants) met IDD criteria for a major depressive syndrome. A diagnosis of depression, a past history of depression, use of mental health facilities, unexplained pains, and antidepressant medication use were associated with the presence of a depressive syndrome.
Recognition of negative emotions from the speech signal (2005)

This paper reports on methods for automatic classification of spoken utterances based on the emotional state of the speaker. The data set used for the analysis comes from a corpus of human-machine dialogues recorded from a commercial application deployed by SpeechWorks. Linear discriminant classification with Gaussian class-conditional probability distribution and k-nearest neighbors methods are used to classify utterances into two basic emotion states, negative and non-negative The features used by the classifiers are utterance-level statistics of the fundamental frequency and energy of the speech signal. To improve classification performance, two specific feature selection methods are used; namely, promising first selection and forward feature selection. Principal component analysis is used to reduce the dimensionality of the features while maximizing classification accuracy. Improvements obtained by feature selection and PCA are reported. We also report the results.
<i>In Vitro</i> Positive Biocompatibility Evaluation of Glass–Glass Ceramic Thermoseeds for Hyperthermic Treatment of Bone Tumors (2008)

A new kind of magnetic thermoseed for bone tissue engineering has been synthesized. The materials used are specially designed to restore bone tissue after tumor extirpation, because they exhibit bioactive behavior and the ability to act as thermoseeds for cancer treatment using hyperthermia. The L929 cell line of mouse fibroblasts has been used in a wide biocompatibility study concerning cell proliferation and morphology studies, mitochondrial function determination, lactate dehydrogenase measurement, and flow cytometry studies, including cell cycle analysis, cell size and complexity, and intracellular reactive oxygen species content. The results presented in this work indicate that these bioactive magnetic materials are highly biocompatible and show greater cell response for thermoseeds with a higher magnetic phase content. There were no significant alterations detected in the cell cycle, and the interaction between fibroblasts and the different mixtures did not induce significant apoptosis.
Retrospective Study of Risk Factors for Myocardial Damage in Patients With Critical Coronavirus Disease 2019 in Wuhan (2020)

BACKGROUND The novel severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 threatens human health, and the mortality rate is higher in patients who develop myocardial damage. However, the possible risk factors for myocardial damage in patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) are not fully known. METHODS AND RESULTS Critical type patients were selected randomly from 204 confirmed COVID-19 cases occurring in Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University from February 1, 2020 to February 24, 2020. Univariate analyses were used to compare the 2 groups: the myocardial damage group and the non-myocardial damage group. A total of 82 critical patients with COVID-19 were recruited: 34 with myocardial damage and 48 without myocardial damage. A total of 30 patients died in the myocardial damage group, and 20 died in the non-myocardial damage group. In univariate analysis, the proportion of elderly patients (>70 years old, 70.59% versus 37.50%; <i>P</i>=0.003) and patients with cardiovascular disease (41.18% versus 12.50%; <i>P</i>=0.003) was higher among myocardial damage patients than among non-myocardial damage patients. Multivariate analysis showed that age >70 years old (hazard ratio [HR], 2.44; 95% CI, 1.01-5.40), CRP (C-reactive protein) >100 mg/L (HR, 1.92; 95% CI, 0.94-3.92), lactate dehydrogenase >300 U/L (HR, 2.67; 95% CI, 1.03-6.90), and lactic acid >3 mmol/L (HR, 3.25; 95% CI, 1.57-6.75) were independent risk factors for myocardial damage in patients with COVID-19. CONCLUSIONS Old age (>70 years old), CRP >100 mg/L, lactate dehydrogenase >300 U/L, and lactic acid >3 mmol/L are high-risk factors related to myocardial damage in critical patients with COVID-19.
Multicore software technologies (2009)

Multicore architectures require parallel computation and explicit management of the memory hierarchy, both of which add programming complexity and are unfamiliar to most programmers. While MPI and OpenMP still have a place in the multicore world, the learning curves are simply too steep for most programmers. New technologies are needed to make multicore processors accessible to a larger community. The signal and image processing community stands to benefit immensely from such technologies. This article provides a survey of new software technologies that hide the complexity of multicore architectures, allowing programmers to focus on algorithms instead of architectures.
Highly Sensitive and Ultra-Broadband VO<sub>2</sub>(B) Photodetector Dominated by Bolometric Effect (2021)

In this study, Wadsley B phase vanadium oxide (VO<sub>2</sub>(B)) with broad-band photoabsorption ability, a large temperature coefficient of resistance (TCR), and low noise was developed for uncooled broad-band detection. By using a freestanding structure and reducing the size of active area, the VO<sub>2</sub>(B) photodetector shows stable and excellent performances in the visible to the terahertz region (405 nm to 0.88 mm), with a peak TCR of -4.77% K<sup>-1</sup> at 40 °C, a peak specific detectivity of 6.02 × 10<sup>9</sup> Jones, and a photoresponse time of 83 ms. A terahertz imaging ability with 30 × 30 pixels was demonstrated. Scanning photocurrent imaging and real-time temperature-photocurrent measurements confirm that a photothermal-type bolometric effect is the dominating mechanism. The study shows the potential of VO<sub>2</sub>(B) in applications as a new type of uncooled broad-band photodetection material and the potential to further raise the performance of broad-band photodetectors by structural design.