gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Poly(sodium 4-styrenesulfonate) Stabilized Janus Nanosheets in Brine with Retained Amphiphilicity (2018)

Maintaining colloidal stability in unfriendly environments while retaining surface chemical properties is challenging for fundamental science and crucial for many applications. Here, we report for the first time that by using a low concentration of poly(sodium 4-styrenesulfonate) (PSS), graphene-based amphiphilic Janus nanosheets (AJNs) can be stabilized in high salt brine (3 wt % NaCl and 0.5 wt % CaCl<sub>2</sub>), whereas the interfacial behavior of the nanosheets is not affected. The adsorption of PSS on the hydrophilic and hydrophobic surfaces of AJNs in brine was investigated experimentally and by molecular dynamics simulations. Simulations further showed that the spatial configuration of absorbed PSS molecules with sulfonate functional groups facing outward favored the generation of electrosteric repulsive interactions. Calculations of the interaction energy between PSS molecules and the nanosheet revealed surface charge as a key parameter to stabilize AJNs in the salt environment, as demonstrated by the case of graphene oxide with higher surface charge. Simulations were also used to examine the interfacial behavior of graphene-based AJNs in biphasic systems. The AJNs, which exhibited asymmetry in surface wettability, remained at the oil/brine interface because of PSS detachment from the hydrophobic surface. The results were subsequently experimentally confirmed, consistent with our previously reported graphene-based AJN fluid prepared in fresh water. The process was thermodynamically supported by the demonstrated negative change of Gibbs free energy. We believe that such a strategy could benefit for the stabilization of other AJNs with surface chemical accessibility under harsh conditions.
Synthesis and insecticidal activities of novel solanidine derivatives (2018)

Our synthetic neoglycoalkaloids affected Macrosiphum euphorbiae survival at the nymphal stage as well as at the adult stage. Furthermore, they induced a decrease in fecundity. Our results show that chemical modifications of by-products may afford new sustainable compounds for crop and plant protection. © 2018 Society of Chemical Industry.
The rationale for FLEX (cochlear implant) electrode with varying array lengths (2020)

With cochlear implantation (CI) being the standard of care for profoundly deaf cases, more and more patients with low frequency residual hearing are currently being treated with CI. In view of preserving the residual hearing, the ultimate aim of both the surgeons and the CI companies is to achieve zero-degree of electrode insertion trauma. Variations in the size and shape of cochlea, cross-sectional dimensions of ST, electrode insertion techniques with and without metal stylet rod and the experience level of the operating surgeons, all play a role in the electrode array related insertion trauma. An effective electrode design must include flexible array to accommodate the cochlear shape variation, electrode with variety of array lengths to support the concept of cochlear size specific electrode array and finally smaller cross-sectional dimensions of electrode array in matching the cross-sectional dimensions of ST. As per published reports, FLEX electrode array design offers minimal degree of electrode insertion trauma along with the possibility of patient specific electrode array length matching their cochlear size. Looking at the cross-sectional dimensions of FLEX electrode array along with its volume, it appear to be highly safe to the cochlea by not taking too much volume inside the ST. To offer additional support, otological pre-planning software tool like OTOPLAN is now clinically available in measuring the cochlear size in finding the best electrode array match along with the possibilities of anatomy based post-operative speech processor fitting.
Identification and characterization of zeta-opioid receptor in human colon cancer (1996)

Opioid growth factor (OGF, [Met5]enkephalin) inhibits the growth of human colon cancer in nude mice in a receptor-mediated fashion. Ligand binding assays using HT-29 human colon cancer tissue and [3H][Met5]enkephalin were performed to characterize the receptor responsible for the growth-regulatory effects of OGF in colon cancer. Specific and saturable binding was detected, and Scatchard analysis revealed that the data were consistent for a single binding site with a binding affinity of 15.4 +/- 2.0 nM and a binding capacity of 364.8 +/- 25.7 fmol/mg protein. Subcellular fractionation studies revealed that binding was restricted to the nuclear fraction. Competition experiments showed that cold [Met5]enkephalin was the most effective ligand at displacing [3H][Met5]enkephalin. Binding to radiolabeled [Met5]enkephalin also was detected in colon cancers obtained from surgical resections. The function, pharmacological and biochemical characteristics, distribution, and subcellular location of this OGF receptor in human colon cancer are consistent with the zeta-opioid receptor.
Axial rotation dependence of resonances in curvedCO <sub>2</sub> -laser-induced long-period fibre gratings (2000)

The magnitude and wavelength of transmission resonances in curved CO2-laser-induced long-period fibre gratings (LPFGs) are shown to exhibit a strong dependence on the axial rotational orientation of the LPFGs.
An analog VLSI velocity sensor (2002)

An integrated circuit that computes the velocity vector of a visual stimulus in one dimension is presented. The circuit combines optical sensors and associated electronics on a single silicon chip, processed with standard CMOS technology. The velocity is inferred from the time delay of the appearance of an image feature at two fixed locations on the chip. The circuit operates quite robustly for high-contrast stimuli over considerable irradiance and velocity ranges. With lower-contrast stimuli the output signal for a given velocity tends to decrease, while the direction selectivity is still maintained. The individual motion-sensing cells are compact, and they are therefore suited for use in dense 1D or 2D imaging arrays.
The Latest Plasma-Enhanced Chemical-Vapor Deposition Technology for Large-Size Processing (2007)

The thin-film transistor liquid crystal display (TFT-LCD) industry has in recent years demanded ever-larger- area substrate processing capability to keep up with consumer market demands for larger and larger displays. This paper discusses the latest plasma-enhanced chemical-vapor deposition (PECVD) system, the AKT 50 K PECVD, which handles up to 2160 x 2460 mm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> substrates. As substrate size increases, lowering the processing temperature is getting even more important to improve production reliability and cost performance. The most commonly used process temperature for the so-called active layers of amorphous silicon (a-Si) TFTs is approximately 350 degC. In this paper, a newly developed single-chamber low-temperature PECVD active-layers process is discussed. In particular, our low-temperature process maintains film performance at the same level as high-temperature active layers while also maintaining system productivity and throughput.
Fourier rebinning of time-of-flight PET data (2005)

This paper explores fast reconstruction strategies for 3D time-of-flight (TOF) positron emission tomography (PET), based on 2D data rebinning. Starting from pre-corrected 3D TOF data, a rebinning algorithm estimates for each transaxial slice the 2D TOF sinogram that would have been acquired by a single-ring scanner. The rebinned sinograms can then be reconstructed using any algorithm for 2D TOF reconstruction. We introduce TOF-FORE, an approximate rebinning algorithm obtained by extending the Fourier rebinning method for non-TOF data. In addition, we identify two partial differential equations that must be satisfied by consistent 3D TOF data, and use them to derive exact rebinning algorithms and to characterize the degree of the approximation in TOF-FORE. Numerical simulations demonstrate that TOF-FORE is more accurate than two different TOF extensions of the single-slice rebinning method, and suggest that TOF-FORE will be a valuable tool for practical TOF PET in the range of axial apertures and time resolutions typical of current scanners.
<title>Class-specific feature selection based on uniform dirichlet priors</title> (2000)

In this paper, the Bayesian Data Reduction Algorithm (BDRA) is applied to reducing the dimensionality of a data set that contains class-specific feature. The BDRA uses the probability of error, conditioned on the training data, and a 'greedy' approach for reducing irrelevant features from the data. Here, the BDRA is shown to be an effective means of selecting binary valued class-specific feature, where the remaining non-class-specific features are irrelevant to correct classification. In fact, performance results reveal that when using a small number of training data relative to feature dimensionality, the BDRA outperforms the appropriate class-specific classifier.
The situation manager rule language. (2002)

This paper presents the “situation manager” rule language. The situation manager is a tool that includes both a language and an efficient runtime execution mechanism, aimed at reducing the complexity of active applications. It follows the observation that in many cases, there is a gap between current tools that enable to react to a single event (following the ECA: Event-Condition-Action paradigm), and the reality, in which a single event may not require any reaction, but the reaction should be given to patterns over the event history. The concept of situation presented in this paper, extends the concept of composite event, in its expressive power, flexibility, and usability. This paper motivates the work, surveys other efforts in this area, and discusses the situation manager’s rule language.
Access priority schemes in UMTS MAC (2003)

UMTS is a third generation radio access network which supports multimedia-capable mobile communication such as packet data and Internet access. In order to provide end-to-end quality of service (QoS) in the UMTS network, certain features need to be incorporated into the MAC design. One possible way of providing different QoS is via providing priority mechanisms. The priority mechanism can be implemented in terms of access priority, service priority and/or buffer management schemes. In this paper, we three access priority schemes based on the random access channel structure. The three schemes are: random chip delay access (RCDAP), random backoff based access (RBBAP), and variable logical channel based access priority (VLCAP). We discuss scenarios where such access priority schemes may be useful. Via simulations, we evaluated and compared these three access priority schemes, Our results indicate that all three schemes provide delay differentiation. However, only the RBBAP scheme provides delay differentiation among different priority classes over a wide range of access request rates without impacting the throughput of the access requests. The other two schemes may cause the throughput of access requests from the lower priority classes to drop apart from forcing them to have a higher access delay.
Unintentional Islanding Detection Performance with Mixed DER Types (2018)

Most inverters for use in distribution-connected distributed energy resource applications (distributed generation and energy storage) are tested and certified to detect and cease to energize unintentional islands on the electric grid. The requirements for the performance of islanding detection methods are specified in IEEE 1547-2018, and specified conditions for certification- type testing of islanding detection are defined in IEEE 1547.1. Such certification-type testing is designed to ensure a minimum level of confidence that these inverters will not island in field applications. However, individual inverter certification tests do not address interactions between dissimilar inverters or between inverter and synchronous machines that may occur in the field. This work investigates the performance of different inverter island detection methods for these two circumstances that are not addressed by the type testing: 1) combinations of different inverters using different types of islanding detection methods, and 2) combinations of inverters and synchronous generators. The analysis took into consideration voltage and frequency ride- through requirements as specified in IEEE 1547-2018, but did not consider grid support functionality such as voltage or frequency response. While the risk of islanding is low even in these cases, it is often difficult to deal with these scenarios in a simplified interconnection screening process. This type of analysis could provide a basis to establish a practical anti- islanding screening methodology for these complex scenarios, with the goal of reducing the number of required detailed studies. Eight generic Groups of islanding detection behavior are defined, and examples of each are used in the simulations. The results indicate that islanding detection methods lose effectiveness at significantly different rates as the composition of the distributed energy resources (DERs) varies, with some methods remaining highly effective over a wide range of conditions.
Inhibition of Glycogen Synthase II with RNAi Prevents Liver Injury in Mouse Models of Glycogen Storage Diseases (2018)

Glycogen storage diseases (GSDs) of the liver are devastating disorders presenting with fasting hypoglycemia as well as hepatic glycogen and lipid accumulation, which could lead to long-term liver damage. Diet control is frequently utilized to manage the potentially dangerous hypoglycemia, but there is currently no effective pharmacological treatment for preventing hepatomegaly and concurrent liver metabolic abnormalities, which could lead to fibrosis, cirrhosis, and hepatocellular adenoma or carcinoma. In this study, we demonstrate that inhibition of glycogen synthesis using an RNAi approach to silence hepatic Gys2 expression effectively prevents glycogen synthesis, glycogen accumulation, hepatomegaly, fibrosis, and nodule development in a mouse model of GSD III. Mechanistically, reduction of accumulated abnormally structured glycogen prevents proliferation of hepatocytes and activation of myofibroblasts as well as infiltration of mononuclear cells. Additionally, we show that silencing Gys2 expression reduces hepatic steatosis in a mouse model of GSD type Ia, where we hypothesize that the reduction of glycogen also reduces the production of excess glucose-6-phosphate and its subsequent diversion to lipid synthesis. Our results support therapeutic silencing of GYS2 expression to prevent glycogen and lipid accumulation, which mediate initial signals that subsequently trigger cascades of long-term liver injury in GSDs.
Whole Heart Coronary Imaging with Flexible Acquisition Window and Trigger Delay (2015)

Coronary magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) requires a correctly timed trigger delay derived from a scout cine scan to synchronize k-space acquisition with the quiescent period of the cardiac cycle. However, heart rate changes between breath-held cine and free-breathing coronary imaging may result in inaccurate timing errors. Additionally, the determined trigger delay may not reflect the period of minimal motion for both left and right coronary arteries or different segments. In this work, we present a whole-heart coronary imaging approach that allows flexible selection of the trigger delay timings by performing k-space sampling over an enlarged acquisition window. Our approach addresses coronary motion in an interactive manner by allowing the operator to determine the temporal window with minimal cardiac motion for each artery region. An electrocardiogram-gated, k-space segmented 3D radial stack-of-stars sequence that employs a custom rotation angle is developed. An interactive reconstruction and visualization platform is then employed to determine the subset of the enlarged acquisition window for minimal coronary motion. Coronary MRI was acquired on eight healthy subjects (5 male, mean age = 37 ± 18 years), where an enlarged acquisition window of 166-220 ms was set 50 ms prior to the scout-derived trigger delay. Coronary visualization and sharpness scores were compared between the standard 120 ms window set at the trigger delay, and those reconstructed using a manually adjusted window. The proposed method using manual adjustment was able to recover delineation of five mid and distal right coronary artery regions that were otherwise not visible from the standard window, and the sharpness scores improved in all coronary regions using the proposed method. This paper demonstrates the feasibility of a whole-heart coronary imaging approach that allows interactive selection of any subset of the enlarged acquisition window for a tailored reconstruction for each branch region.
Frequency discrimination with sequential or simultaneous stimulation in MED-EL cochlear implants (2007)

Results show an average frequency discrimination of 8.8% for sequential stimulation and 11.2% for simultaneous stimulation, of the nominal test frequency. Frequency discrimination ability varied across subjects and test electrode pairs. The difference in performance between sequential and simultaneous stimulation was not statistically significant.
Unification of replication and transaction processing in three-tier architectures (2003)

In this paper we describe a software infrastructure that unifies replication and transaction processing in three-tier architectures and, thus, provides high availability and fault tolerance for enterprise applications. The infrastructure is based on the Fault Tolerant CORBA and CORBA Object Transaction Service standards, and works with commercial-off-the-shelf application servers and database systems. The infrastructure replicates the application servers to protect the business logic processing. In addition, it replicates the transaction coordinator which renders the two-phase commit protocol non-blocking and, thus, avoids potentially long service disruptions caused by coordinator failure. The infrastructure handles the interactions between the application servers and the database servers through replicated gateways that prevent duplicate requests from reaching the database servers. The infrastructure implements client-side automatic failover mechanisms, which guarantees that clients know the outcome of the requests that they have made. The infrastructure starts the transactions at the application servers, and retries aborted transactions, caused by process or communication failures, automatically on the behalf of the clients.
Hot-phonon generation in THz quantum cascade lasers (2007)

Observation of non-equilibrium optical phonons population associated with electron transport in THz quantum cascade lasers is reported. The phonon occupation number was measured by using a combination of micro-probe photoluminescence and Stokes/Anti-Stokes Raman spectroscopy. Energy balance analysis allows us to estimate the phonon relaxation rate, that superlinearly increases with the electrical power in the range 1.5 W - 1.95 W, above laser threshold. This observation suggests the occurrence of stimulated emission of optical phonons.
Developing rare earth permanent magnet alloys for gas atomization (1996)

The development of inert gas atomization (IGA) as a primary production route for Nd - Fe - B type magnets has not been commercially successful due to a cooling rate which is much lower than the maximum achievable in melt-spinning (MS). It is further complicated by the fact that powder particles of a range of sizes are produced which solidify at different rates and form significantly different microstructures. The role of the cooling rate is analysed in a general way by processing the same alloy composition by IGA and MS. MS allows a much broader but controlled range of cooling rates to be studied than is possible in IGA. General MS concepts of underquenching and overquenching are applied to IGA to indicate the state of the microstructure. Although the bulk of the IGA powder was formed in an underquenched condition, energy products approaching those obtainable in optimally quenched MS ribbons could be achieved in the finest size fraction () of powder. Changes in susceptibility show the general trend of improvement in hard magnetic property with decreasing scale of the microstructure. Quenchability diagrams show that TiC additions to the base alloy increase the quenchability and may allow future IGA alloys to be produced in an overquenched condition.
30.2: Improving Operating Lifetime of Organic Light‐Emitting Diodes with Perylene and Derivatives as Aggregating Light‐Emitting‐Layer Additives (2007)

Abstract Aggregating PAHs of the perylene class are useful as LEL additives. They greatly improve the device operating half‐life up to 1,000,000 h at the initial luminance of 1540 cd/m 2 (20 mA/cm 2 ). There appear to be at least three factors in the lifetime increase: takeover of the LEL functions by the PAHs, aggregation, and an expansion of the recombination and/or emission zone.
Longitudinal magnetic recording media with thermal stabilization layers (2000)

We introduce promising longitudinal recording media with enhanced thermal stability compared to conventional media. The media consist of one or more magnetic layers disposed between the recording layer and the underlayer with the magnetization direction of the layers being antiparallel to the adjacent layer or layers. Antiferromagnetic coupling is induced through a thin Ru layer between the Co-based magnetic layers. Comparison with conventional media with the same remanence magnetization and thickness product reveals improved thermal stability and read-write properties for the proposed media.
Development of an Integrated Reaction–Distillation Process for the Production of Methylal (2016)

An integrated reaction–distillation process for the production of methylal from aqueous, methanolic formaldehyde solutions is developed. The process consists of a serial connection of a reactor in which the feed is converted to chemical equilibrium by a heterogeneously catalyzed reaction followed by a pressure-swing distillation sequence, in which a heterogeneously catalyzed reactive section as well as a vapor side draw are used. The catalyst is an acidic ion-exchange resin. The process yields methylal in purities over 0.999 g/g; methanol can be recovered in purities over 0.94 g/g, and water is withdrawn in a purity of 0.99 g/g. The conversion of formaldehyde is above 99.9%. The process development is carried out based on steady-state simulations with a model which explicitly accounts for the oligomerization reactions of formaldehyde in aqueous, methanolic formaldehyde solutions. The model is validated by a comparison to experiments that are carried out in a laboratory glass distillation column.
Fast Spatially-Varying Indoor Lighting Estimation (2019)

We propose a real-time method to estimate spatiallyvarying indoor lighting from a single RGB image. Given an image and a 2D location in that image, our CNN estimates a 5th order spherical harmonic representation of the lighting at the given location in less than 20ms on a laptop mobile graphics card. While existing approaches estimate a single, global lighting representation or require depth as input, our method reasons about local lighting without requiring any geometry information. We demonstrate, through quantitative experiments including a user study, that our results achieve lower lighting estimation errors and are preferred by users over the state-of-the-art. Our approach can be used directly for augmented reality applications, where a virtual object is relit realistically at any position in the scene in real-time.