gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Universal source coding theory based on grammar transforms (2003)

A new universal lossless source coding theory is presented. Within this theory, a lossless source code called a grammar based code first transforms the original data sequence to be compressed into a context free grammar, from which the original data sequence can be fully reconstructed by performing parallel substitutions, and then uses an arithmetic coding algorithm to compress the context free grammar of the corresponding sequence of parsed phrases. It is shown that if a grammar-based code transforms each data sequence into an irreducible context free grammar, then the grammar-based code is universal for the class of stationary, ergodic sources. Specific redundancy bounds are also given.
A Visual Analytics Approach for Correlation, Classification, and Regression Analysis (2013)

New approaches that combine the strengths of humans and machines are necessary to equip analysts with the proper tools for exploring today’s increasingly complex, multivariate data sets. In this chapter, a visual data mining framework, called the Multidimensional Data eXplorer (MDX), is described that addresses the challenges of today’s data by combining automated statistical analytics with a highly interactive parallel coordinates based canvas. In addition to several intuitive interaction capabilities, this framework offers a rich set of graphical statistical indicators, interactive regression analysis, visual correlation mining, automated axis arrangements and filtering, and data classification techniques. This chapter provides a detailed description of the system as well as a discussion of key design aspects and critical feedback from domain experts.
Development and Validation of an On-Wing Engine Thrust Measurement System (2017)

Maintenance on aircraft engines is usually performed on an on-condition basis. Monitoring the engine condition during operation is an important prerequisite to provide efficient maintenance. Engine Condition Monitoring (ECM) has thus become a standard procedure during operation. One of the most important parameters, the engine thrust, is not directly measured, however, and can therefore not be monitored, which makes it difficult to distinguish whether deteriorating trends e.g. in fuel comsumption must be attributed to the engine (e.g. due to thermodynamic wear) or to the aircraft (e.g. due to increased drag). Being able to make this distinction would improve troubleshooting and maintenance planning and thus help to reduce the cost of ownership of an aircraft. As part of the research project APOSEM (Advanced Prediction of Severity effects on Engine Maintenance), Lufthansa Technik (LHT) and the Institute of Jet Propulsion and Turbomachinery of Technische Universität Braunschweig develop a method for direct measurement of engine thrust during the operation. In this paper, the design process of the On-Wing (OW) Measurement System is presented, including the validation in labratory tests, the mechanical and thermal calibration as well as the final ground test during an engine test run at LHT test cell and the work on the flight test certification.
Reducing radiation-hardened DigitalCircuit power consumption (2005)

Low-power radiation-hardened sequential digital circuits supporting multiple supply voltages, integrated logic, and a low standby power state are presented. By basing the design on proven radiation hard circuits, single event effects hardness is guaranteed. The circuit is based on differential cascode voltage switch logic, which provides an integral level shift and allows storage at the full supply voltage supported by the process, while allowing the combinatorial logic supply voltage to scale for power savings. When compared to a conventional master-slave flip-flop design, the proposed flip-flop design provides up to 80% energy reduction with logic operating at reduced voltage and speed. Fifty-percent energy reduction is obtained without compromising speed when operating with all circuits at maximum voltage.
Terahertz imaging with quantum cascade lasers (2016)

Milliwatt average power terahertz quantum cascade lasers (THz-QCLs) combined with microbolometer focal plane array cameras allow for acquisition rates on the order of 1×10<sup>6</sup> pixels/s. This system enables real-time imaging in transmission and reflection modes with signal to noise ratios of >25 dB per pixel. While these system allow rapid imaging for fairly transparent samples, signal to noise ratios of > 90 dB can be achieved with single element detectors where the samples are more opaque or require higher SNR. Systems using LongWave's terahertz QCLs and single/multi-element detectors will be presented.
Neurohormonal Regulation of Pheromone Biosynthesis in Heliothis Zea: Evidence for Multiple Forms of the Hormone (1986)

Females of the corn earworm, Heliothis zea, produce the sex pheromone only during the scotophase (Raina et al., 1986). A brain factor has been reported to control pheromone production in this species (Raina and Klun, 1984). The activity was found in both female and male brains, even though the role of this factor in the males is not yet known. The factor has recently been characterized as a neuropeptide hormone originating in the suboesophageal ganglion (SOG) and released through the corpora cardiaca (CC) into the hemolymph to activate pheromone production (Raina et al., in manuscript). The hormone has been designated “pheromone-biosynthesis-activating neuropeptide” or PBAN.
Subminiature Monolithic Piezoelectric Gyro-Sensor (2002)

One of the key elements in succeeding in the development of the piezoelectric gyro-sensor is considered to be the reduction of the leakage output caused by complicated couplings, such as harmful mechanical coupling between the drive vibration mode and the detection vibration mode [N. Ishida and Y. Tomikawa: Jpn. J. Appl. Phys. 38 (1999) 3228]. In this report we describe the realization of the monolithic piezo-type tuning fork resonator which applies two types of poling, horizontal and vertical poling, as a means of reduction of the leakage output. The establishment of the V-groove edge clamp support method for the piezo-resonator and photolithographic patterning method for the piezo-electrodes are also described. Realization of the monolithic piezo-type tuning fork resonator enabled the reduction of dispersion of characteristics because of the high tooling accuracy for resonator dimensions. The V-groove edge clamp support structure enabled the stabilization of the leakage output. The photolithographic patterning method enabled small dispersion of the sensor characteristics in the production stage, because of the high accuracy of electrode patterning. Moreover, the success in photolithographic patterning on piezoceramics enabled not only the use of aluminum wire bonding as signal wiring but also the minimization of the influence of signaling wire on the characteristics of the gyro-sensor. With the development of these core technologies, the subminiature monolithic piezoelectric gyro-sensor was realized.
Multispectral Superconducting Quantum Detectors (1999)

Abstract : Superconducting quantum detector structures were formulated, designed, fabricated and tested. As designed, the expected photoresponse depends on the superconducting current's kinetic inductance. The kinetic inductance, inversely proportional to the Cooper pair density, changes with photoabsorption. Photons with sufficient energy to breaks Cooper pairs, modulate the superconducting current's kinetic inductance. The modulation depends on the photoabsorbed photon flux density and the quasiparticle excitation lifetime. Such a photoresponse is consistent with a quantum detector. For maximum response, we have fabricated photodetector structures with significantly reduced geometrical inductance and maximum kinetic inductance. These quantum detectors were monolithic with Josephson-junction readout circuits. A multi-level YBa2Cu3O(7-delta) processes was used for fabrication. These devices were tested at cryogenic temperatures in a specially designed and fabricated facility. Electrically, the SQUID read out performed well. Modulation of the SQUID critical current was successful, revealing that we successfully fabricated these detector structures. This modulation was achieved by injecting a dc current into one half of the quantum photodetector, thereby changing the average phase across Josephson junctions from pi/2. This phase change reduced the SQUID's critical current. The quasiparticle lifetime was too short to measure a quantum response at low frequencies. The experimentally observed short quasiparticle lifetime may be due to intrinsic or extrinsic effects. Given the relative immaturity of high temperature superconducting fabrication technology, it is not unreasonable to expect material defects to severely reduce the quasiparticle lifetime and hence mask any low frequency quantum responses. A second possibility is that unlike the BCS superconductors, the quasiparticle lifetimes in high temperature superconductors do not exponentially increase with lower temperatures. c
ChemInform Abstract: Hierarchy Concepts: Classification and Preparation Strategies for Zeolite Containing Materials with Hierarchical Porosity (2016)

Abstract Review: 204 refs.
Dose-Dependent Effects of Closed-Loop tACS Delivered During Slow-Wave Oscillations on Memory Consolidation (2018)

Sleep is critically important to consolidate information learned throughout the day. Slow-wave sleep (SWS) serves to consolidate declarative memories, a process previously modulated with open-loop non-invasive electrical stimulation, though not always effectively. These failures to replicate could be explained by the fact that stimulation has only been performed in open-loop, as opposed to closed-loop where phase and frequency of the endogenous slow-wave oscillations (SWOs) are matched for optimal timing. The current study investigated the effects of closed-loop transcranial Alternating Current Stimulation (tACS) targeting SWOs during sleep on memory consolidation. 21 participants took part in a three-night, counterbalanced, randomized, single-blind, within-subjects study, investigating performance changes (correct rate and F1 score) on images in a target detection task over 24 h. During sleep, 1.5 mA closed-loop tACS was delivered in phase over electrodes at F3 and F4 and 180° out of phase over electrodes at bilateral mastoids at the frequency (range 0.5-1.2 Hz) and phase of ongoing SWOs for a duration of 5 cycles in each discrete event throughout the night. Data were analyzed in a repeated measures ANOVA framework, and results show that verum stimulation improved post-sleep performance specifically on generalized versions of images used in training at both morning and afternoon tests compared to sham, suggesting the facilitation of schematization of information, but not of rote, veridical recall. We also found a surprising inverted U-shaped dose effect of sleep tACS, which is interpreted in terms of tACS-induced faciliatory and subsequent refractory dynamics of SWO power in scalp EEG. This is the first study showing a selective modulation of long-term memory generalization using a novel closed-loop tACS approach, which holds great potential for both healthy and neuropsychiatric populations.
Mitigation of Geomagnetically Induced Currents by Neutral Switching (2015)

This paper presents a novel mitigation technique to reduce the effects of geomagnetically induced currents (GICs) on high-voltage power systems. The method consists of connecting switching devices at the neutral grounding connection point of transformer banks. Only one transformer bank needs to be grounded through a switch to reduce GIC in a two-terminal system. For multiterminal systems, n-1 switches are necessary and the operation is independent from each other. The switching frequency and the duty cycle are selected from a tradeoff between the effectiveness of the method and the detection of fault currents. Transient simulations on a two-bus 230/500 kV system show that the proposed switching at the neutral successfully mitigates the GIC. This proposed technique opens the door to a new family of GIC mitigation methods.
Scattering contrast in GHz frequency ultrasound subsurface atomic force microscopy for detection of deeply buried features (2020)

While Atomic Force Microscopy is mostly used to investigate surface properties, people have almost since its invention sought to apply its high resolution capability to image also structures buried within samples. One of the earliest techniques for this was based on using ultrasound excitations to visualize local differences in effective tip-sample stiffness caused by the presence of buried structures with different visco-elasticity from their surroundings. While the use of ultrasound has often triggered discussions on the contribution of diffraction or scattering of acoustic waves in visualizing buried structures, no conclusive papers on this topic have been published. Here we demonstrate and discuss how such acoustical effects can be unambiguously recognized and can be used with Atomic Force Microscopy to visualize deeply buried structures.
Identification of Five Structurally Unrelated Quorum-Sensing Inhibitors of Pseudomonas aeruginosa from a Natural-Derivative Database (2013)

Bacteria communicate by means of small signal molecules in a process termed quorum sensing (QS). QS enables bacteria to organize their activities at the population level, including the coordinated secretion of virulence factors. Certain small-molecule compounds, known as quorum-sensing inhibitors (QSIs), have been shown to effectively block QS and subsequently attenuate the virulence of Pseudomonas aeruginosa, as well as increasing its susceptibility to both antibiotics and the immune system. In this study, a structure-based virtual screening (SB-VS) approach was used for the discovery of novel QSI candidates. Three-dimensional structures of 3,040 natural compounds and their derivatives were obtained, after which molecular docking was performed using the QS receptor LasR as a target. Based on docking scores and molecular masses, 22 compounds were purchased to determine their efficacies as quorum-sensing inhibitors. Using a live reporter assay for quorum sensing, 5 compounds were found to be able to inhibit QS-regulated gene expression in P. aeruginosa in a dose-dependent manner. The most promising compound, G1, was evaluated by isobaric tag for relative and absolute quantitation (iTRAQ)-based proteomic analysis, and it was found to significantly affect the abundance of 46 proteins (19 were upregulated; 27 were downregulated) in P. aeruginosa PAO1. It specifically reduced the expression of several quorum-sensing-regulated virulence factors, such as protease IV, chitinase, and pyoverdine synthetases. G1 was also able to reduce extracellular DNA release and inhibited the secretion of the virulence factor, elastase, whose expression is regulated by LasR. These results demonstrate the utility of SB-VS for the discovery of target-specific QSIs.
Ultrasensitive displacement sensing using photonic crystal waveguides (2005)

We present an ultrasensitive displacement sensor and sensing technique based on photonic crystal waveguides (PCWG), useful for integration with microelectromechanical system (MEMS) structures. The sensor consists of two PCWGs aligned along a common axis, one mounted on a moving part and the other fixed to a stationary substrate. A gap between the fixed and moving PCWGs creates an intersection with a third, perpendicular PCWG, which has two branches. The intensity exiting each PCWG changes when the suspended PCWG moves in plane relative to the fixed one. The difference in intensities exiting the two perpendicular PCWG branches can be correlated with the relative displacement between the fixed and moving PCWGs. Numerical simulations predict a sensitivity of ∼1[μm−1] using a light source of 9.02μm.
Motor analysis for protection engineers (1991)

A motor analysis program called MotorLab, which allows a protection engineer to complete a motor analysis in a matter of minutes, is described. MotorLab uses the minimum essential motor rating, torque, and thermal data to produce plots of the starting current, terminal voltage, speed and torque for any desired condition of source voltage and impedance. The program plots the time-current plot of the motor thermal limit and starting current in log-log format and automatically coordinates the stator, locked rotor, and fault characteristic. It also checks the security of the application. The main purpose of the program is to determine the temperature rise in the motor, which is used to determine settings for a microprocessor-based relay that employs thermal models to determine temperature. The attributes of the program are illustrated by an analysis of a 4160 volt, 6000 HP, 720 RPM, high-inertia, induced-draft fan motor.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Efficient concerted integration of retrovirus-like DNA in vitro by avian myeloblastosis virus integrase (1994)

We report the efficient concerted integration of a linear virus-like DNA donor into a 2.8 kbp circular DNA target by integrase (IN) purified from avian myeloblastosis virus. The donor was 528 bp, contained recessed 3' OH ends, was 5' end labeled, and had a unique restriction site not found in the target. Analysis of concerted (full-site) and half-site integration events was accomplished by restriction enzyme analysis and agarose gel electrophoresis. The donor also contained the SupF gene that was used for genetic selection of individual full-site recombinants to determine the host duplication size. Two different pathways, involving either one donor or two donor molecules, were used to produce full-site recombinants. About 90% of the full-site recombinants were the result of using two donor molecules per target. These results imply that juxtapositioning an end from each of two donors by IN was more efficient than the juxtapositioning of two ends of a single donor for the full-site reaction. The formation of preintegration complexes containing integrase and donor on ice prior to the addition of target enhanced the full-site reaction. After a 30 min reaction at 37 degrees C, approximately 20-25% of all donor/target recombinants were the result of concerted integration events. The efficient production of full-site recombinants required Mg2+; Mn2+ was only efficient for the production of half-site recombinants. We suggest that these preintegration complexes can be used to investigate the relationships between the 3' OH trimming and strand transfer reactions.
A Nanostructured Long-Wave Infrared Range Thermocouple Detector (2015)

Infrared (IR) detectors for the long-wave infrared range (LWIR) based on nanostructured thermocouples exhibit response times in the order of picoseconds and will open new areas of applications in THz broadband communication systems. We show experimental evidence for a nonzero relative Seebeck coefficient between the narrow and the wide wire segments of single-material thermocouples, and we investigate the thermal dynamics of nano-thermocouples for a substrate heated by a nanostructured thermocouple patch. Due to its low thermal capacity a mesoscopic thermocouple is an extremely fast square-law detector with cutoff frequencies up to several hundred GHz.
Semi-insulating InP grown at low temperature by metalorganic chemical vapor deposition (1994)

The growth of semi-insulating epitaxial InP layers at low substrate temperature (460 °C) by low-pressure metalorganic chemical vapor deposition has been demonstrated using CCl4 as a dopant source. The resistivity of the material is a function of diluted CCl4 flow rate used during growth. For flow rates less than 5 sccm the material is n type, but for higher flows the resistivity of the material is approximately 5×109 Ω cm. The semi-insulating behavior of the material is maintained after annealing at 600 °C. Transmission electron microscopy does not reveal the presence of phosphorus precipitates in as-grown samples or in samples annealed at 400 and 600 °C. There is significant carbon, hydrogen, and chlorine incorporation in the layers, as measured by secondary ion mass spectrometry. Room-temperature photoluminescence measurements suggest that nonradiative recombination is significant in the material and increases in samples grown with higher CCl4 flows.
Near-optimal tape transport control with feedback of velocity and tension (2016)

With the increasing recording areal density and volumetric density targeted by magnetic tapes, high-performance tape transport is of fundamental importance to achieve the required reliability in tape storage systems. In this paper, the time-varying characteristics of tape transport are taken into account to design a velocity and tension feedback control system using p-type controllers that depend on the longitudinal tape position. Analytical expressions are given for the controller gains, for which all transfer functions become essentially independent of longitudinal position. Experimental results are presented for a tape system where feedback of tension is provided by a tension sensing roller.
The Oomycete Pythium oligandrum Can Suppress and Kill the Causative Agents of Dermatophytoses (2018)

Pythium oligandrum (Oomycota) is known for its strong mycoparasitism against more than 50 fungal and oomycete species. However, the ability of this oomycete to suppress and kill the causal agents of dermatophytoses is yet to be studied. We provide a complex study of the interactions between P. oligandrum and dermatophytes representing all species dominating in the developed countries. We assessed its biocidal potential by performing growth tests, on both solid and liquid cultivation media and by conducting a pilot clinical study. In addition, we studied the molecular background of mycoparasitism using expression profiles of genes responsible for the attack on the side of P. oligandrum and the stress response on the side of Microsporum canis. We showed that dermatophytes are efficiently suppressed or killed by P. oligandrum in the artificial conditions of cultivations media between 48 and 72 h after first contact. Significant intra- and interspecies variability was noted. Of the 69 patients included in the acute regimen study, symptoms were completely eliminated in 79% of the patients suffering from foot odour, hyperhidrosis disappeared in 67% of cases, clinical signs of dermatomycoses could no longer be observed in 83% of patients, and 15% of persons were relieved of symptoms of onychomycosis. Our investigations provide clear evidence that the oomycete is able to recognize and kill dermatophytes using recognition mechanisms that resemble those described in oomycetes attacking fungi infecting plants, albeit with some notable differences.
Single SLM optical pattern recognition (1988)

We describe a joint Fourier transform image correlator that employs thresholding at both the input plane and the Fourier plane. This suggests using a single binary spatial light modulator (SLM) to read in sequentially the binarized input signal and the binarized Fourier transform interference intensity. The performance of the single SLM joint Fourier transform correlator (JTC) is compared with that of the classical JTC in the areas of correlation peak intensity, peak-to-sidelobe ratio, signal-to-noise ratio, and correlation width. We know that the single SLM JTC outperforms the classical JTC in all such areas. Using a single binary SLM results in a significant reduction in cost, size, and complexity of the system.