gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Microlaser: A laser with One Atom in an Optical Resonator (1994)

We have demonstrated laser oscillation with one atom in an optical resonator. In our experiment a beam of $^{138}\mathrm{Ba}$ atoms traverses a single-mode cavity with a finesse of 8 \ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{} ${10}^{5}$. The atoms are excited by a $\ensuremath{\pi}$ pulse from the $^{1}S_{0}$ ground state to the $^{3}P_{1}(m=0)$ excited state before they enter the cavity. Laser oscillation at 791 nm ($^{3}P_{1}\ensuremath{\rightarrow}^{1}S_{0}$) has been observed, with the mean number of atoms inside the mode ranging from 0.1 to 1.0, resulting in the mean number of photons inside the cavity changing from 0.14 to 11. The results are in good agreement with a fully quantized micromaser theory adapted to our experiment.
Electrostatic dust collector for use in vacuum systems (1989)

An electrostatic dust collector was developed for use in vacuum systems. The particles was collected using an electrostatic force only or using an electron beam. A dust collecting method in which a thin film tape is rolled together to collect the particles was developed and used. The potential of the tape can be varied to a maximum of 10 kV. The current of the electron beam was 14 μA, and the vacuum pressure in the test chamber ranged from 10−6−10−7 Torr. The dust collecting device was tested with several conducting and nonconducting particle materials about 60 μm in size on substrate materials of stainless steel, Al, Si wafers, and quartz. Particle removal was monitored using an optical microscope with a video camera or a photographic camera. The results show that the electrostatic dust collector removes all of the particles from the four substrates.
A novel broad specificity fucosidase capable of core α1-6 fucose release from N-glycans labeled with urea-linked fluorescent dyes (2018)

Exoglycosidases are often used for detailed characterization of glycan structures. Bovine kidney α-fucosidase is commonly used to determine the presence of core α1-6 fucose on N-glycans, an important modification of glycoproteins. Recently, several studies have reported that removal of core α1-6-linked fucose from N-glycans labeled with the reactive N-hydroxysuccinimide carbamate fluorescent labels 6-aminoquinolyl-N-hydroxysuccinimidylcarbamate (AQC) and RapiFluor-MS is severely impeded. We report here the cloning, expression and biochemical characterization of an α-fucosidase from Omnitrophica bacterium (termed fucosidase O). We show that fucosidase O can efficiently remove α1-6- and α1-3-linked core fucose from N-glycans. Additionally, we demonstrate that fucosidase O is able to efficiently hydrolyze core α1-6-linked fucose from N-glycans labeled with any of the existing NHS-carbamate activated fluorescent dyes.
Demonstration of AlN Schottky Barrier Diodes With Blocking Voltage Over 1 kV (2017)

This letter reports the first demonstration of 1-kV-class AlN Schottky barrier diodes on sapphire substrates by metal organic chemical vapor deposition. The device structure mimics the silicon-on-insulator (SOI) technology, consisting of thin <inline-formula xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$n$ </tex-math></inline-formula> -AlN epilayer as the device active region and thick resistive AlN underlayer as the insulator. At room temperature, the devices show outstanding performances with a low turn-ON voltage of 1.2 V, a high ON/OFF ratio of <inline-formula xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\sim 10^{5}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> , a low ideality factor of 5.5, and a low reverse leakage current below 1 nA. The devices also exhibit excellent thermal stability over 500 K owing to the ultra-wide bandgap of AlN. The breakdown voltage of the devices can be further improved by employing field plate, edge termination technologies, and optimizing the SOI-like device structure. This letter presents a cost-effective route to high performance AlN-based Schottky barrier diodes for high-power, high-voltage, and high-temperature applications.
Efficient Forced Convergence algorithm for low power LDPC decoders (2013)

This paper proposes an efficient Forced Convergence (FC) algorithm to reduce the computational complexity of LDPC decoders. To reduce the computational complexity, the proposed algorithm uses only one threshold value and two conditions of variable nodes (VNs) while the existing FC algorithm uses two threshold values and two conditions. The simulation results show that the proposed algorithm achieves the bit error rate (BER) performance close to the typical Min-Sum algorithm. however, it can significantly reduce the computational complexity compared to the existing FC algorithm.
Telecommunications management network: vision vs. reality (1995)

Since the early 1980s, the standards bodies have been specifying the telecommunications management network (TMN) principles. Millions of dollars have been spent. The TMN principles aim at being applicable across telecommunications technologies. They recommend the use of independent management networks to manage telecommunications networks, elements in the telecommunications networks (managed networks), and managing systems (in managing networks), communicating via well defined, standardized interfaces. The standards bodies envisioned TMN as a possible solution to the complex problem of telecommunications networks and services operation, administration, maintenance and provisioning (OAM and P) in the open, multivendor environment. However, the vision stumbles against the reality. Various factors still hinder the implementation of TMN-based OAM and P systems. The present article provides a tutorial on TMN by contrasting the vision and the reality.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
A flexible metro WDM ring using wavelength-independent subscriber equipment to share bandwidth (2002)

Transparent optical networking has been proposed as a means for increasing capacity, improving performance, and decreasing costs, while simplifying network operations. For example, one facet of DARPA's next generation internet (NGI) initiative is focused on the development of transparent networks capable of handling IP traffic riding directly over WDM. We propose and demonstrate a transparent WDM metro ring architecture in which optics enables simultaneous provisioning of dedicated wavelengths for high-end users, while low-end users share wavelengths on "virtual rings". In both cases the customer's "end station" consists of low cost wavelength-independent components.
Sub-Nanosecond Time of Flight on Commercial Wi-Fi Cards (2015)

The time-of-flight of a signal captures the time it takes to propagate from a transmitter to a receiver. Time-of-flight is perhaps the most intuitive method for localization using wireless signals. If one can accurately measure the time-of-flight from a transmitter, one can compute the transmitter's distance simply by multiplying the time-of-flight by the speed of light. Today, GPS, the most widely used outdoor localization system, localizes a device using the time-of-flight of radio signals from satellites. However, applying the same concept to indoor localization has proven difficult. Systems for localization in indoor spaces are expected to deliver high accuracy (e.g., a meter or less) using consumer-oriented technologies (e.g., Wi-Fi on one's cellphone). Unfortunately, past work could not measure time-of-flight at such an accuracy on Wi-Fi devices. As a result, over the years, research on accurate indoor positioning has moved towards more complex alternatives such as employing large multi-antenna arrays to compute the angle-of-arrival of the signal. These new techniques have delivered highly accurate indoor localization systems. Despite these advances, time-of-flight based localization has some of the basic desirable features that state-of-the-art indoor localization systems lack. In particular, measuring time-of-flight does not require more than a single antenna on the receiver. In fact, by measuring time-of-flight of a signal to just two antennas, a receiver can intersect the corresponding distances to locate its source. Thus, a receiver can locate a wireless transmitter with no support from the surrounding infrastructure. This is quite unlike current indoor localization systems, which require multiple access points at known locations, to find the distance between a pair of mobile devices. Furthermore, each of these access points need to have many antennas -- far beyond what is supported in commercial Wi-Fi devices. In this demo, we will present Chronos, a system that combines a set of novel algorithms to measure the time-of-flight to sub-nanosecond accuracy on commercial Wi-Fi cards. In particular, we will measure distance/time-of-flight between two devices equipped with commercial Wi-Fi cards, without any support from the infrastructure or environment fingerprinting.
Improved imide polymerization catalyst (1979)

Catalyzation of imide polymers with metallic salts of 2-ethyl hexanoic acid allows reaction in production of flame resistant foams to proceed in one step without formation of undesirable heat-sensitive byproducts.
Method for preparation of textured YBa.sub.2 Cu.sub.3 O.sub.x superconductor (1998)

The present invention relate to textured YBa.sub.2 Cu.sub.3 O.sub.x (Y-123) superconductors and a process of preparing them by directional recrystallization of compacts fabricated from quenched YBCO powders at temperatures about 100.degree. C. below the peritectic temperature to provide a superconductor where more than 75% of the YBa.sub.2 Cu.sub.3 O.sub.x phase is obtained without any Y.sub.2 BaCuO.sub.5 .
Surgical precision JIT compilers (2014)

Just-in-time (JIT) compilation of running programs provides more optimization opportunities than offline compilation. Modern JIT compilers, such as those in virtual machines like Oracle's HotSpot for Java or Google's V8 for JavaScript, rely on dynamic profiling as their key mechanism to guide optimizations. While these JIT compilers offer good average performance, their behavior is a black box and the achieved performance is highly unpredictable. In this paper, we propose to turn JIT compilation into a precision tool by adding two essential and generic metaprogramming facilities: First, allow programs to invoke JIT compilation explicitly. This enables controlled specialization of arbitrary code at run-time, in the style of partial evaluation. It also enables the JIT compiler to report warnings and errors to the program when it is unable to compile a code path in the demanded way. Second, allow the JIT compiler to call back into the program to perform compile-time computation. This lets the program itself define the translation strategy for certain constructs on the fly and gives rise to a powerful JIT macro facility that enables "smart" libraries to supply domain-specific compiler optimizations or safety checks. We present Lancet, a JIT compiler framework for Java bytecode that enables such a tight, two-way integration with the running program. Lancet itself was derived from a high-level Java bytecode interpreter: staging the interpreter using LMS (Lightweight Modular Staging) produced a simple bytecode compiler. Adding abstract interpretation turned the simple compiler into an optimizing compiler. This fact provides compelling evidence for the scalability of the staged-interpreter approach to compiler construction. In the case of Lancet, JIT macros also provide a natural interface to existing LMS-based toolchains such as the Delite parallelism and DSL framework, which can now serve as accelerator macros for arbitrary JVM bytecode.
Multilayer discrete-time neural-net controller with guaranteed performance (1996)

A family of novel multilayer discrete-time neural-net (NN) controllers is presented for the control of a class of multi-input multi-output (MIMO) dynamical systems. The neural net controller includes modified delta rule weight tuning and exhibits a learning while-functioning-features. The structure of the NN controller is derived using a filtered error/passivity approach. Linearity in the parameters is not required and certainty equivalence is not used. This overcomes several limitations of standard adaptive control. The notion of persistency of excitation (PE) for multilayer NN is defined and explored. New online improved tuning algorithms for discrete-time systems are derived, which are similar to sigma or epsilon-modification for the case of continuous-time systems, that include a modification to the learning rate parameter plus a correction term. These algorithms guarantee tracking as well as bounded NN weights in nonideal situations so that PE is not needed. An extension of these novel weight tuning updates to NN with an arbitrary number of hidden layers is discussed. The notions of discrete-time passive NN, dissipative NN, and robust NN are introduced. The NN makes the closed-loop system passive.
Regioselective formation of interlocked dicarba bridges in naturally occurring cyclic peptide toxins using olefin metathesis (2009)

Bis-dicarba analogues of native dicystine-containing alpha-conotoxin Rg1A, an analgesic peptide isolated from cone snail venom, were constructed on resin using a regioselective metathesis-hydrogenation strategy.
Water-soluble third generation antitumor platinum complexes, [2,2-bis(aminomethyl)-1,3-propanediol-N,N']-[1,1-cyclobutanedicarboxylato(2-)-O,O']platinum(II) and [1,1-cyclobutanedicarboxylato(2-)-O,O'][tetrahydro-4H-pyran-4,4-dimethanamine-N,N']platinum(II) (1989)

The synthesis, stability, and antitumor activity of a series of water-soluble third generation platinum(II) complexes have been described. Among these complexes, [2,2-bis(aminomethyl)-1,3- propanediol-N,N'] [1,1-cyclobutanedicarboxylato(2-)-O,O']platinum(II) and [1,1-cyclobutanedicarboxylate(2-)-O,O'](tetrahydro-4H-pyran-4,4- dimethanamine-N,N'-)platinum(II) have shown the greatest promise for further investigation and are currently under clinical evaluation.
AutoHair (2016)

We introduce AutoHair , the first fully automatic method for 3D hair modeling from a single portrait image, with no user interaction or parameter tuning. Our method efficiently generates complete and high-quality hair geometries, which are comparable to those generated by the state-of-the-art methods, where user interaction is required. The core components of our method are: a novel hierarchical deep neural network for automatic hair segmentation and hair growth direction estimation, trained over an annotated hair image database; and an efficient and automatic data-driven hair matching and modeling algorithm, based on a large set of 3D hair exemplars. We demonstrate the efficacy and robustness of our method on Internet photos, resulting in a database of around 50K 3D hair models and a corresponding hairstyle space that covers a wide variety of real-world hairstyles. We also show novel applications enabled by our method, including 3D hairstyle space navigation and hair-aware image retrieval.
Segmented polyether ester copolymers—A new generation of high performance thermoplastic elastomers (1974)

Abstract This paper reviews a series of high‐melting thermoplastic polyether esters prepared by transesterification from dimethyl terephthalate, polytetramethylene ether glycol (MW 600–2000), and 1,4‐butanediol. The resulting copolyesters exhibit a two‐phase domain structure consisting of amorphous polyether ester soft segments and crystalline tetramethylene terephthalate hard segments. By proper selection of the relative amounts of soft and hard segments, polymers ranging from relatively soft elastomers to impact resistant elastoplastics may be obtained. The preparation, polymer structure as well as the physical and environmental properties of polyether esters are discussed. The combination of good melt flow properties, excellent melt stability, and rapid hardening rates permits the processing of these polymers by a wide variety of methods. The excellent processing characteristics in conjunction with the unusual physical and mechanical properties of segmented polyether esters has led to their wide acceptance.
Shape-based similarity retrieval of Doppler images for clinical decision support (2010)

Flow Doppler imaging has become an integral part of an echocardiographic exam. Automated interpretation of flow doppler imaging has so far been restricted to obtaining hemodynamic information from velocity-time profiles depicted in these images. In this paper we exploit the shape patterns in Doppler images to infer the similarity in valvular disease labels for purposes of automated clinical decision support. Specifically, we model the similarity in appearance of Doppler images from the same disease class as a constrained non-rigid translation transform of the velocity envelopes embedded in these images. The shape similarity between two Doppler images is then judged by recovering the alignment transform using a variant of dynamic shape warping. Results of similarity retrieval of doppler images for cardiac decision support on a large database of images are presented.
Nmr conformational analysis of cyclopeptidic substrates of serine proteases, containing an <i>ortho</i> or <i>meta</i> aminobenzoic acid residue (1990)

Abstract Cyclopeptides I and II containing an ortho ‐ or meta ‐aminobenzoic acid residue are comparatively analysed by 1 H‐ and 13 C‐nmr. The 1 H‐nmr results, i.e., the temperature coefficients ΔδNH/Δ T , the exchange rates of the amide protons, and nuclear Overhauser effects, suggest a predominant conformation for cyclopeptides I. The meta analogues II present a greater conformational mobility. This observation is related to the greater reactivity of peptides II toward enzymatic hydrolysis, compared to their ortho analogues I.
Comparing the Device Physics and Morphology of Polymer Solar Cells Employing Fullerenes and Non‐Fullerene Acceptors (2014)

There is a need to find electron acceptors for organic photovoltaics that are not based on fullerene derivatives since fullerenes have a small band gap that limits the open‐circuit voltage ( V OC ), do not absorb strongly and are expensive. Here, a phenylimide‐based acceptor molecule, 4,7‐bis(4‐(N‐hexyl‐phthalimide)vinyl)benzo[c]1,2,5‐thiadiazole (HPI‐BT), that can be used to make solar cells with V OC values up to 1.11 V and power conversion efficiencies up to 3.7% with two thiophene polymers is demonstrated. An internal quantum efficiency of 56%, compared to 75–90% for polymer‐fullerene devices, results from less efficient separation of geminate charge pairs. While favorable energetic offsets in the polymer‐fullerene devices due to the formation of a disordered mixed phase are thought to improve charge separation, the low miscibility (<5 wt%) of HPI‐BT in polymers is hypothesized to prevent the mixed phase and energetic offsets from forming, thus reducing the driving force for charges to separate into the pure donor and acceptor phases where they can be collected.
A Study of a Vehicle Ground Speed Sensor Using the Doppler Effect of Ultrasonic Waves (1990)

A study was made to examine the Doppler effect efficiency and the Doppler signal measurement. The results led to determination of the two best conditions for the transmission of the ultrasonic wave signal and reception of the Doppler signal. The transmission condition was found to be mostly dependent on wavelength. A new sensing method for the Doppler signal, the reception frequency being fixed at the most reasonable frequency determined by the best transmission conditions, was effective in raising the signal's measurement accuracy.
Optical focusing inside scattering media with time-reversed ultrasound microbubble encoded light (2015)

Focusing light inside scattering media in a freely addressable fashion is challenging, as the wavefront of the scattered light is highly disordered. Recently developed ultrasound-guided wavefront shaping methods are addressing this challenge, albeit with relatively low modulation efficiency and resolution limitations. In this paper, we present a new technique, time-reversed ultrasound microbubble encoded (TRUME) optical focusing, which can focus light with improved efficiency and sub-ultrasound wavelength resolution. This method ultrasonically destroys microbubbles, and measures the wavefront change to compute and render a suitable time-reversed wavefront solution for focusing. We demonstrate that the TRUME technique can create an optical focus at the site of bubble destruction with a size of ∼2 μm. We further demonstrate a twofold enhancement in addressable focus resolution in a microbubble aggregate target by exploiting the nonlinear pressure-to-destruction response of the microbubbles. The reported technique provides a deep tissue-focusing solution with high efficiency, resolution, and specificity.
Cloning and expression in Escherichia coli of the 135-kDa insecticidal protein gene from Bacillus thuringiensis subsp. aizawai IPL7. (1988)

Bacillus thuringiensis subsp. aizawai IPL7 produced 130-kDa and 135-kDa insecticidal proteins. The 135-kDa protein gene was cloned from a cured derivative of strain IPL7, which lacked the 130-kDa protein gene. The cloned 3.6-kb DNA fragment contained a 3, 623-bp protein-coding region with 72-bp 5'-flanking and 20-bp 3'-flanking regions. The open reading frame encoded a 133, 161-Da protein consisting of 1, 176 amino acid residues. When compared with the amino acid sequence of the 130-kDa protein reported previously, it was found that amino acid substitutions mainly occurred in three regions; amino acid residues 206 to 455, 788 to 819, and 1, 061 to 1, 137 of the 135-kDa protein. The cloned 135-kDa protein gene was expressed in Escherichia coli under the control of the tac promoter and rrnB terminator. The synthesized 135-kDa protein amounted to 30% of the total cellular protein. The purified 135-kDa protein had insecticidal activity against Plutella xylostella larvae.
Poxvirus Recombinant Vaccines (1990)

The poxvirus family, subfamily Chordopoxviridae, contains six genera. The basic criteria distinguishing membership in a genus is cross-neutralization and host-range predilection. Members of the genus Orthopoxvirus (vaccinia) and of the genus Avipoxvirus (fowlpox) have been genetically engineered to express genes from heterologous pathogens, thus providing a means of assessing these recombinant viruses as live recombinant vaccines. Vaccinia virus recombinants which have a broad host range can be useful vectors for both human and veterinary applications, while fowlpox virus recombinants, with a host range restricted to avian species, provide useful vectors for application to poultry diseases. Significantly, avipoxviruses have also been shown to be useful as vaccinating vectors in non-avian species. The results presented in this paper were selected to provide the reader with a sense of the extensive potential present in recombinant poxviruses as live recombinant vaccine candidates. The broad host range of vaccinia vectors and the narrower host range of avipoxvirus provide interesting applications. The surprising results obtained in non-avian species with recombinant fowlpox viruses are quite intriguing. The ability to generate a recombinant live vaccine that can readily be amplified in tissue culture, yet is non-proliferative in vivo, provides unique properties and interesting potential applications.