gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A next-best-view system for autonomous 3-D object reconstruction (2000)

The focus of this paper is to design and implement a system capable of automatically reconstructing a prototype 3D model from a minimum number of range images of an object. Given an ideal 3D object model, the system iteratively renders range and intensity images of the model from a specified position, assimilates the range information into a prototype model, and determines the sensor pose (position and orientation) from which an optimal amount of previously unrecorded information may be acquired. Reconstruction is terminated when the model meets a given threshold of accuracy. Such a system has applications in the context of robot navigation, manufacturing, or hazardous materials handling. The system has been tested successfully on several synthetic data models, and each set of results was found to be reasonably consistent with an intuitive human search. The number of views necessary to reconstruct an adequate 3D prototype depends on the complexity of the object or scene and the initial data collected. The prototype models which the system recovers compare well with the ideal models.
Mechanical and Clinical Evaluation of a Shape Memory Alloy and Conventional Struts in a Flexible Scoliotic Brace (2018)

Smart materials have attracted considerable attention in the medical field. In particular, shape memory alloys (SMAs) are most commonly utilized for their superelasticity (SE) in orthopaedic treatment. In this study, the resin struts of a flexible brace for adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (AIS) are replaced with different conventional materials and an SMA. The corrective mechanism mainly depends on the compressive force applied by the brace at the desired location. Therefore, the mechanical properties of the materials used and the interface pressure are both critical factors that influence the treatment effectiveness. The results indicate that titanium is the most rigid among the five types of materials, whereas the brace with SMA struts presents the best recovery properties and the most stable interface pressure. A radiographic examination of two patients with AIS is then conducted to validate the results, which shows that the SMA struts can provide better correction of thoracic curvature. These findings suggest that SMAs can be applied in orthoses because their SE allows for continuous and controllable corrective forces.
Color Image Segmentation Based on Different Color Space Models Using Automatic GrabCut (2014)

This paper presents a comparative study using different color spaces to evaluate the performance of color image segmentation using the automatic GrabCut technique. GrabCut is considered as one of the semiautomatic image segmentation techniques, since it requires user interaction for the initialization of the segmentation process. The automation of the GrabCut technique is proposed as a modification of the original semiautomatic one in order to eliminate the user interaction. The automatic GrabCut utilizes the unsupervised Orchard and Bouman clustering technique for the initialization phase. Comparisons with the original GrabCut show the efficiency of the proposed automatic technique in terms of segmentation, quality, and accuracy. As no explicit color space is recommended for every segmentation problem, automatic GrabCut is applied with RGB, HSV, CMY, XYZ, and YUV color spaces. The comparative study and experimental results using different color images show that RGB color space is the best color space representation for the set of the images used.
Disaggregated Cloud Memory with Elastic Block Management (2018)

With the growing importance of in-memory data processing, cloud service providers have launched large memory virtual machine services to accommodate memory intensive workloads. Such large memory services using low volume scaled-up machines are far less cost-efficient than scaled-out services consisting of high volume commodity servers. By exploiting memory usage imbalance across cloud nodes, disaggregated memory can scale up the memory capacity for a virtual machine in a cost-effective way. Disaggregated memory allows available memory in remote nodes to be used for the virtual machine requiring more memory than its locally available memory. It supports high performance with the faster direct memory while satisfying the memory capacity demand with the slower remote memory. This paper proposes a new hypervisor-integrated disaggregated memory system for cloud computing. The hypervisor-integrated design has several new contributions in its disaggregated memory design and implementation. First, with the tight hypervisor integration, it investigates a new page management mechanism and policy tuned for disaggregated memory in virtualized systems. Second, it restructures the memory management procedures and relieves the scalability concern for supporting large virtual machines. Third, exploiting page access records available to the hypervisor, it supports application-aware elastic block sizes for fetching remote memory pages with different granularities. Depending on the degrees of spatial locality for different regions of memory in a virtual machine, the optimal block size for each memory region is dynamically selected. The experimental results with the implementation integrated to the KVM hypervisor, show that the disaggregated memory can provide on average 6 percent performance degradation compared to the ideal local-memory only machine, even though the direct memory capacity is only 50 percent of the total memory footprint.
Copy detection for intellectual property protection of VLSI designs (1999)

We give the first study of copy detection techniques for VLSI CAD applications; these techniques are complementary to previous watermarking-based IP protection methods in finding and proving improper use of design IP. After reviewing related literature (notably in the text processing domain), we propose a generic methodology for copy detection based on determining basic elements within structural representations of solutions (IPs), calculating (context-independent) signatures for such elements, and performing fast comparisons to identify potential violators of IP rights. We give example implementations of this methodology in the domains of scheduling, graph coloring and gate-level layout; experimental results show the effectiveness of our copy detection schemes as well as the low overhead of implementation. We remark on open research areas, notably the potentially deep and complementary interaction between watermarking and copy detection.
Polymer Structure and Solvent Effects on the Selective Dispersion of Single-Walled Carbon Nanotubes (2008)

Combinations of different aromatic polymers and organic solvents have been studied as dispersing agents for preparing single-walled carbon nanotubes solutions, using optical absorbance, photoluminescence-excitation mapping, computer modeling, and electron microscopic imaging to characterize the solutions. Both the polymer structure and solvent used strongly influence the dispersion of the nanotubes, leading in some cases to very high selectivity in terms of diameter and chiral angle. The highest selectivities are observed using toluene with the rigid polymers PFO-BT and PFO to suspend isolated nanotubes. The specific nanotube species selected are also dependent on the solvent used and can be adjusted by the use of THF or xylene. Where the structure has more flexible conformations, the polymers are shown to be less selective but show an enhanced overall solubilization of nanotube material. When chloroform is used as the solvent, there is a large increase in the overall solubilization, but the nanotubes are suspended as bundles rather than as isolated tubes which leads to a quenching of their photoluminescence.
A model of human p210bcr/ABL-mediated chronic myelogenous leukemia by transduction of primary normal human CD34+ cells with a BCR/ABL-containing retroviral vector (2001)

Most insights into the molecular mechanisms underlying transformation by the p210(BCR/ABL) oncoprotein are derived from studies in which BCR/ABL cDNA was introduced into hematopoietic or fibroblast cell lines. However, such cell line models may not represent all the features of chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML) caused by additional genetic abnormalities and differences in the biology of cell lines compared with primary hematopoietic progenitor and stem cells. A primary human hematopoietic progenitor cell model for CML was developed by the transduction of b3a2 BCR/ABL cDNA in normal CD34(+) cells. Adhesion of BCR/ABL-transduced CD34(+) cells to fibronectin was decreased, but migration over fibronectin was enhanced compared with that of mock-transduced CD34(+) cells. Adhesion to fibronectin did not decrease the proliferation of BCR/ABL-transduced CD34(+) cells but decreased the proliferation of mock-transduced CD34(+) cells. This was associated with elevated levels of p27(Kip) in p210(BCR/ABL)-expressing CD34(+) cells. In addition, the presence of p210(BCR/ABL) delayed apoptosis after the withdrawal of cytokines and serum. Finally, significantly more and larger myeloid colony-forming units grew from BCR/ABL than from mock-transduced CD34(+) cells. Thus, the transduction of CD34(+) cells with the b3a2-BCR/ABL cDNA recreates most, if not all, phenotypic abnormalities seen in primary CML CD34(+) cells. This model should prove useful for the study of molecular mechanisms associated with the presence of p210(BCR/ABL) in CML.
Statistical estimation of word acquisition with application to readability prediction (2009)

Models of language learning play a central role in a wide range of applications: from psycholinguistic theories of how people acquire new word knowledge, to information systems that can automatically match content to users' reading ability. We present a novel statistical approach that can infer the distribution of a word's likely acquisition age automatically from authentic texts collected from the Web. We then show that combining these acquisition age distributions for all words in a document provides an effective semantic component for predicting reading difficulty of new texts. We also compare our automatically inferred acquisition ages with norms from existing oral studies, revealing interesting historical trends as well as differences between oral and written word acquisition processes.
Coverage Predictions and Selection Criteria for Satellite Constellations. (1982)

To assist in the prediction of the Earth-coverage capabilities of large constellations of satellites, studies have been conducted of patterns based on regular tesselations of a plane surface and of others based on regular polyhedra. This work has identified trends associated with increasing numbers of satellites and degrees of coverage, permitting extrapolation from the known capabilities of smaller satellite constellations. An investigation of selection criteria has emphasized the importance of the minimum inter-satellite distance, which provides a particularly convenient criterion for use in preliminary studies, and this in turn has been used in an examination of some non-uniform orbital patterns, which has suggested an improved method of synthesizing such patterns. Results obtained have been discussed with reference to the requirements of the GPS(Global Positioning Systems) navigation satellite system.
Probiotic yogurt in the elderly with intestinal bacterial overgrowth: endotoxaemia and innate immune functions (2008)

A study was conducted in healthy elderly living independently in senior housing to assess the impact of a probiotic yoghurt supplement on small intestinal bacterial overgrowth. Twenty-three participants with positive and thirteen participants with negative hydrogen breath test were studied before and after a period of 4 weeks of probiotic yoghurt administration. Intestinal permeability, plasma endotoxin levels, phagocytic activity of leucocytes, cytokine production by monocytes and free radical response of neutrophils were determined. Intestinal permeability was similar for the two groups and was unaffected by probiotic treatment. Both plasma endotoxin levels and the basal phagocytic activity of leucocytes decreased after yoghurt intake in the two groups. Exposure of monocytes and neutrophils ex vivo led to an increased cytokine response and free radical response, respectively. The normalisation of the various cytokine responses was more apparent in the group with positive breath test. In addition, the plasma levels of lipoplysaccharide binding protein and soluble CD14, lipoplysaccharide pattern recognition receptors and surrogate markers of lipoplysaccharide permeability were diminished by the end of the study. In conclusion, probiotic administration in the elderly normalises the response to endotoxin, and modulates activation markers in blood phagocytes, and therefore may help reduce low-grade chronic inflammation.
Suppression of Cucumber Powdery Mildew by Supplemental UV-B Radiation in Greenhouses Can be Augmented or Reduced by Background Radiation Quality (2014)

This study demonstrates that the spectral quality of radiation sources applied with ultraviolet-B (UV-B; background radiation) affects the suppression of cucumber powdery mildew (Podosphaera xanthii) by UV-B. Suppression provided by daily UV-B exposure of 1 W/m<sup>2</sup> for 10 min was greatest in the presence of red light or by a complete lack of background light, and powdery mildew suppression was least in the presence of ultraviolet-A (UV-A) or blue radiation compared with plants exposed only to 16 h of daily natural light supplemented with high-pressure sodium lamps that supply broad-spectrum radiation with peaks in the yellow-orange region. Exposure of powdery mildew-inoculated plants to supplemental red light without UV-B, beginning at the end of the daylight period, also reduced disease severity; however, supplemental blue light applied in the same fashion had no effect. Daily application of UV-B at 1 W/m<sup>2</sup> beginning on the day of inoculation significantly reduced the severity of powdery mildew to 15% compared with 100% severity on control plants. Maximum suppression of powdery mildew was observed following 15 min of exposure to UV-B (1.1% severity compared with 100% severity on control plants) but exposure time had to be limited to 5 to 10 min to reduce phytotoxicity. There was no additional disease suppression when plants were exposed to UV-B beginning 2 days prior to inoculation compared with plants exposed to UV-B beginning on the day of inoculation. UV-B inhibited germination, infection, colony expansion, and sporulation of P. xanthii. The results suggest that efficacy of UV-B treatments, alone or in combination with red light, against P. xanthii can be enhanced by exposure of inoculated plants to these wavelengths of radiation during the night, thereby circumventing the counteracting effects of blue light and UV-A radiation. The effect of UV-B on powdery mildew seemed to be directly upon the pathogen, rather than induced resistance of the host. Night exposure of plants to 5 to 10 min of UV-B at 1 W/m<sup>2</sup> and inexpensive, spectral-specific, light-emitting diodes may provide additional tools to suppress powdery mildews of diverse greenhouse crops.
An Unexpected Reaction between 5-Hydroxymethylfurfural and Imidazolium-Based Ionic Liquids at High Temperatures (2011)

A new compound was detected during the production of 5-hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF) from glucose and cellulose in the ionic liquid 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride ([Bmim]Cl) at high temperatures. Further experiments found that it was derived from the reaction of HMF with [Bmim]Cl. The structure of new compound was established as 1-butyl-2-(5'-methyl-2'-furoyl)imidazole (BMI) based on nuclear magnetic resonance and mass spectrometry analysis, and a possible mechanism for its formation was proposed. Reactions of HMF with other imidazolium-based ionic liquids were performed to check the formation of BMI. Our results provided new insights in terms of side reactions between HMF and imidazolium-based ionic liquids, which should be valuable for designing better processes for the production of furans using biomass and related materials.
Integrity Primitives for Ibc (2005)

Due to security requirements, services and management of Integrated Broadband Communication (IBC) are crucially dependent on the use of cryptographic techniques. Within the RACE program (Research and Development in Advanced Communications Technologies in Europe), the RIPE project (RACE Integrity Primitives Evaluation) aims to put forward a portfolio of such techniques to meet the anticipated security requirements of IBC. The goal of this contribution is to describe background and status of the RIPE project.
A mouse mammary tumor virus promoter element near the transcription initiation site (1993)

Transcription from the promoter of mouse mammary tumor virus is subject to both positive and negative control by cellular factors, and proviral promoter elements that mediate a basal level of transcription must in some way respond to these cellular regulatory signals. Several such elements, including a TATA box, a region containing three octamer-related sequences, and a binding site for nuclear factor 1, have been previously defined. Additional promoter mutations have allowed a fourth basal promoter element to be identified near the transcription initiation site between +2 and +10. Sequence alterations within this element affect transcription both in vivo and in vitro. Gel electrophoresis mobility shift and DNase I footprinting assays define a nuclear protein, termed initiation site-binding protein, that specifically recognizes this region of the promoter. Optimal levels of transcription from the mouse mammary tumor virus promoter require initiation site-binding protein, as demonstrated by a correlation between protein affinity and transcriptional activity and by specific inhibition of transcription in vitro by an oligonucleotide capable of titrating the protein from transcriptionally active fractions.
Induction of apoptosis and inhibition of prostate and breast cancer growth by BGP-15, a new calcipotriene-derived vitamin D3 analog (2010)

The role of vitamin D3 in cancer prevention and its potential as an anticancer therapeutic agent have been researched and are well established. However, the clinical use of the natural vitamin D3 metabolite, 1alpha,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 [1,25(OH)2D3 or calcitriol] is limited by a possible cause of hypercalcemia and hypercalciuria. A new 24-chloro calcipotriene-based vitamin D3 analog (BGP-15) was synthesized and examined for antiproliferative activity in the androgen-dependent cell lines of prostate cancer (LNCaP) and breast cancer (MCF-7). The new analog led to significant decrease in cell viability in cultured LNCaP and MCF-7 cell lines compared with calcipotriene and 1,25(OH)2D3. We observed elevated vitamin D receptor protein levels in both LNCaP and MCF-7 cells, which were treated with 5 micromol/l of 1,25(OH)2D3, calcipotriene or BGP-15 for 20 h, indicating vitamin D receptor-binding ability. Treatments of LNCaP and MCF-7 cells with 5 micromol/l BGP-15 and calcipotriene for 20 h generated procaspase-3 cleavage and therefore, apoptosis. Interestingly, BGP-15, and to a lesser extent calcipotriene, but not 1,25(OH)2D3, activated caspase-3 in MCF-7 cells, a cell line that normally lacks this specific caspase (and procaspase). It is presumed that management of MCF-7 with BGP-15 modulates procaspase-3 expression and cleavage, and a subsequent activation of caspase-3. Similar treatments of LNCaP cells induced procaspase-9 cleavage and therefore caspase-9 activation, whereas similar treatments of MCF-7 cells failed to induce caspase-9 activation. Cytochrome c release was, however, detected in both cell lines, LNCaP and MCF-7. In-vivo results suggested that BGP-15 (similar to its parent drug) did not cause calcium-related toxic side effects after chronic treatment.
Effect of grain size on magnetic properties of melt spun Md-Fe-B magnets (1999)

The bonded Nd-Fe-B market has been experienced the fastest growth of any permanent magnet industry. The rapidly solidified Nd-Fe-B forms the basis for the entire bonded magnet industry. Other techniques such as atomization are being investigated; however all the production powders are manufactured by melt spinning. The melt spun powders due to the nature of quenching process are generally isotropic in nature.
Iron absorption and transport?An update (2000)

Iron is vital for all living organisms. However, excess iron is hazardous because it produces free radical formation. Therefore, iron absorption is carefully regulated to maintain an equilibrium between absorption and body loss of iron. In countries where heme is a significant part of the diet, most body iron is derived from dietary heme iron because heme binds few of the luminal intestinal iron chelators that inhibit absorption of non-heme iron. Uptake of luminal heme into enterocytes occurs as a metalloporphyrin. Intracellularly, iron is released from heme by heme oxygenase so that iron leaves the enterocyte to enter the plasma as non-heme iron. Ferric iron is absorbed via a beta(3) integrin and mobilferrin (IMP) pathway that is not shared with other nutritional metals. Ferrous iron uptake is facilitated by DMT-1 (Nramp-2, DCT-1) in a pathway shared with manganese. Other proteins were recently described which are believed to play a role in iron absorption. SFT (Stimulator of Iron Transport) is postulated to facilitate both ferric and ferrous iron uptake, and Hephaestin is thought to be important in transfer of iron from enterocytes into the plasma. The iron concentration within enterocytes reflects the total body iron and either upregulates or satiates iron-binding sites on regulatory proteins. Enterocytes of hemochromatotics are iron-depleted similarly to the absorptive cells of iron-deficient subjects. Iron depletion, hemolysis, and hypoxia each can stimulate iron absorption. In non-intestinal cells most iron uptake occurs via either the classical clathrin-coated pathway utilizing transferrin receptors or the poorly defined transferrin receptor independent pathway. Non-intestinal cells possess the IMP and DMT-1 pathways though their role in the absence of iron overload is unclear. This suggests that these pathways have intracellular functions in addition to facilitating iron uptake.
Calcineurin Enhances MEF2 DNA Binding Activity in Calcium-dependent Survival of Cerebellar Granule Neurons (1999)

Myocyte enhancer factor 2 (MEF2) has been shown recently to be necessary for mediating activity-dependent neuronal survival. In this study, we show that calcium signals regulate MEF2 activity through a serine/threonine phosphatase calcineurin. In cultured primary cerebellar granule neurons, the electrophoretic mobility of MEF2A protein was sensitive to the level of extracellular potassium chloride (KCl) and depolarizing concentrations of KCl led to hypophosphorylation of the protein. The specific inhibitors of calcineurin cyclosporin A (CsA) and FK506 could overcome KCl-dependent MEF2A hypophosphorylation. The effects of CsA and FK506 were KCl specific as they had little effect on MEF2A phosphorylation when granule neurons were cultured in the presence of full media. Hyperphosphorylation of MEF2A led to the loss of its DNA binding activity as determined by DNA mobility shift assay. Consistent with this, CsA/FK506 also inhibited MEF2-dependent reporter gene expression. These findings demonstrate that regulation of MEF2A by calcium signals requires the action of protein phosphatase calcineurin. By maintaining MEF2A in a hypophosphorylated state, calcineurin enhances the DNA binding activity of MEF2A and therefore maximizes its transactivation capability. The identification of MEF2 as a novel target of calcineurin may provide in part a biochemical explanation for the therapeutic and toxic effects of immunosuppressants CsA and FK506.