gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Placement of replicated tasks for distributed stream processing systems (2010)

We propose an algorithm for placing tasks of data flows for streaming systems onto servers within a message-oriented middleware where certain tasks can be replicated. Our work is centered on the idea that certain transformations are stateless and can therefore be replicated. Replication in this case can cause workloads to be partitioned among multiple machines, thus enabling message processing to be parallelized and lead to improvements in performance. We propose a guided replication approach for this purpose that iteratively computes the optimal placement of replicas where each subsequent iteration of the algorithm takes as input optimal solutions computed in the previous run. As a result, the system performance is consistently improved, which eventually converges as shown in simulation results. We demonstrate, through simulation experiments with both simple and complex task flow graphs and network topologies that introducing our replication mechanism can lead to improvements in runtime performance. When system resources are scarce, the benefits of applying our replication mechanism are even greater.
Using thermoelectric coolers and diamond films for temperature control of power electronic circuits. (1995)

Conventional packaging materials have difficulty dealing with thermal management problems due to high power densities. However, it is possible to combine both active and passive cooling by using thin film thermoelectric coolers and diamond substrates for the temperature control of these high density electronic circuits. The highest power components would be mounted directly onto thin film thermoelectric elements, which would maintain the temperature of these components from a few degrees to tens of degrees below that of the diamond substrate. This allows these components to operate within their required temperature range, effectively manage temperature spikes and junction temperatures, and increase clockspeed. To maximize the efficiency of the thermoelectric cooler, diamond films acting as thermal lenses would be used to spread the heat from the small power device to the larger coolers.
Application of statistical reduced isometry property to design of line arrays for compressive beamforming (2013)

The Statistical Reduced Isometry Property (StRIP) and Statistical Null Space Property (SNSP) are presented and reduced to numerical algorithms. These properties are used to predict the utility of a specific subsampled array for use in compressive sensing. Three examples of subsampling an equally spaced array are presented: random, Golomb and Wichmann. The Golomb array uses a Golomb ruler that has no repeated sensor element spacings. The Wichmann array includes at least one of every possible interval of sensor element spacings. The SNSP is shown to be insensitive to subsampling in the type of cases shown. The Golomb array is predicted to have superior performance to the Wichmann for comparable subsampling. The use of these two subsamplings for beamforming using at-sea data from the Five Octave Research Array (FORA) is shown. [Research funded by the Office of Naval Research.]
Efficient multicast schemes for optical burst-switched WDM networks (2002)

In this paper, we study several multicast schemes in optical burst-switched WDM networks taking into consideration of the overheads due to control packets and guard bands (GBs) of bursts on separate channels (wavelengths). A straightforward scheme is called separate multicasting (S-MCAST) where each source node constructs separate bursts for its multicast (per each multicast session) and unicast traffic. To reduce the overhead due to GBs (and control packets), one may piggyback the multicast traffic in bursts containing unicast traffic using a scheme called multiple unicasting (M-UCAST). The third scheme is called tree-shared multicasting (TS-MCAST) whereby multicast traffic belonging to multiple multicast sessions can be mixed together in a burst, which is delivered via a shared multicast tree. The multicast schemes (M-UCAST and TS-MCAST) are compared with S-MCAST in terms of bandwidth consumed and processing load.
A Sleep Apnea Therapy Device Uses No Added Pressure (2018)

Sleep Apnea is a common sleeping disorder that affects over 25 million Americans. Due to the complex nature of sleep apnea, and the human body, neither an effective nor comfortable treatment option for sleep apnea has been developed. Accordingly, we describe a novel alternative to current sleep apnea therapies, including CPAP therapy. A comfortable device for treating sleep apnea incorporates a mask, a flexible hose and a chamber for collecting expired air containing CO<sub>2</sub>. A sensor detects apnea and a control system automatically adjusts the amount of rebreathed CO<sub>2</sub> minimize apnea and also minimize arousal.
DNA-decorated graphene nanomesh for detection of chemical vapors (2013)

The promise of graphene for use as a vapor sensor motivated exploration of the vapor responses of graphene nanomesh (GNM) functionalized with single stranded DNA. Devices detected different vapor types, including carboxylic acids, aldehydes, organophosphates, and explosives. As-fabricated GNM field effect transistors (FETs) had larger vapor responses than standard graphene FETs due to the effect of oxidized edges and lattice defects. DNA-GNM devices discriminated between homologous species with detection limits of a few parts per million, with fast response and recovery. Responses varied significantly when the base sequence of the DNA was changed, making the sensor class an intriguing candidate for use in an electronic nose system.
Simultaneous reconstruction of emission activity and attenuation coefficient distribution from TOF data, acquired with external transmission source (2013)

The simultaneous PET data reconstruction of emission activity and attenuation coefficient distribution is presented, where the attenuation image is constrained by exploiting an external transmission source. Data are acquired in time-of-flight (TOF) mode, allowing in principle for separation of emission and transmission data. Nevertheless, here all data are reconstructed at once, eliminating the need to trace the position of the transmission source in sinogram space. Contamination of emission data by the transmission source and vice versa is naturally modeled. Attenuated emission activity data also provide additional information about object attenuation coefficient values. The algorithm alternates between attenuation and emission activity image updates. We also proposed a method of estimation of spatial scatter distribution from the transmission source by incorporating knowledge about the expected range of attenuation map values. The reconstruction of experimental data from the Siemens mCT scanner suggests that simultaneous reconstruction improves attenuation map image quality, as compared to when data are separated. In the presented example, the attenuation map image noise was reduced and non-uniformity artifacts that occurred due to scatter estimation were suppressed. On the other hand, the use of transmission data stabilizes attenuation coefficient distribution reconstruction from TOF emission data alone. The example of improving emission images by refining a CT-based patient attenuation map is presented, revealing potential benefits of simultaneous CT and PET data reconstruction.
Complete single-shot measurement of arbitrary nanosecond laser pulses in time (2011)

For essentially all applications, laser pulses must avoid variations in their intensity and phase within a pulse and from pulse to pulse. Currently available devices work very well for both long (>10ns) and short (<100ps) pulses. But intermediate (~ns) pulses remain difficult to measure and, not surprisingly, are the least stable. Here we describe a simple, elegant, complete, all-optical, single-shot device that measures ~ns pulses and that does not require a reference pulse or assumptions about the pulse shape. It simultaneously achieves a very high spectral resolution of <1pm and a very large delay range of ~10ns (several meters of light travel). It accomplishes both goals using high-efficiency, high-finesse etalons: one to generate high angular dispersion for a high-resolution spectrometer, and another to tilt the pulse front by ~89.9° without distorting it in time. Using this device, we completely measure microchip and fiber-amplifier pulses.
Model-Based Reconstruction for Magnetic Particle Imaging (2009)

Magnetic particle imaging (MPI) is a new imaging modality capable of imaging distributions of superparamagnetic nanoparticles with high sensitivity, high spatial resolution and, in particular, high imaging speed. The image reconstruction process requires a system function, describing the mapping between particle distribution and acquired signal. To date, the system function is acquired in a tedious calibration procedure by sequentially measuring the signal of a delta sample at the positions of a grid that covers the field of view. In this work, for the first time, the system function is calculated using a model of the signal chain. The modeled system function allows for reconstruction of the particle distribution in a 1-D MPI experiment. The approach thus enables fast generation of system functions on arbitrarily dense grids. Furthermore, reduction in memory requirements may be feasible by generating parts of the system function on the fly during reconstruction instead of keeping the complete matrix in memory.
Synthesis and biological activity of new HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors. 2. Derivatives of 7-(1H-pyrrol-3-yl)-substituted-3,5-dihydroxyhept-6(E)-enoic (-heptanoic) acids (1990)

A series of 7-(1H-pyrrol-3-yl)-substituted-3,5-dihydroxyhept-6(E)- enoates (-heptanoates) 1 and 2 have been prepared and tested for inhibiti 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-coenzyme A reductase. The most potent compounds exceeded mevinolin's activity in vitro and in vivo.
Characterization of optical properties of bacterial micro-colonies via the comprehensive morphology analyzer (2011)

To experimentally analyze the morphological characteristics and to predict the resulting scattering patterns of different bacterial colonies, an optical morphology analyzer was constructed based on a laser confocal displacement meter to simultaneously obtain the optical properties of colonies. The profile data was accurately captured using the confocal laser triangulation technology and the transmitted light was collected by a photodiode circuit. The analog signals were read into a data acquisition board in parallel for off-line signal processing. This approach showed promising results for differentiation of micro-colonies in the range of 100~300 μm based on the morphological differences among different species using light scattering.
MOLECULAR CLONING OF cDNA OF HEPATITIS C VIRUS (HCV) GENOME FROM A HEALTHY CARRIER IN AN ABORIGINAL COMMUNITY IN TAIWAN WITH HIGH PREVALENCE OF HCV INFECTION (1991)

We analyzed hepatitis C virus (HCV) obtained from a healthy HCV carrier in an aboriginal community with high prevalence of HCV infection. By use of random primers and specific oligonucleotide primers, a cDNA fragment of putative non-structural 3 (NS3) region of the HCV genome was cloned by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) using RNA extracted from a serum sample of a healthy HCV carrier in Taur-Yuan village. The nucleotide and deduced amino acid sequences from the 583 nucleotides long cDNA were compared with those of equivalent region of HCV of other previously reported clones: [J1, HCV-J (regarded as major type of HCV in Japan) and US prototype]. They had 93.7% (546/583), 93.1% (543/583) and 80.4% (469/583) homology at the nucleotide level and 96.9% (188/194), 96.9% (188/194) and 91.8% (178/194) homology at the amino acid level, respectively. These results showed that HCV prevalent in an aboriginal community in Taiwan is more similar to Japanese type than to the US prototype.
Harmonic Vector Quantization (2015)

Audio coding of harmonic signals is a challenging task for conventional MDCT coding schemes. In this paper we introduce a novel algorithm for improved transform coding of harmonic audio. The algorithm does not deploy the conventional scheme of splitting the input signal into a spectrum envelope and a residual, but models the spectral peak regions. The presented coding scheme is part of the recently standardized 3GPP EVS codec.
An RFID system with enhanced hardware-enabled authentication and anti-counterfeiting capabilities (2010)

This paper introduces a new RFID system with enhanced hardware-enabled authentication and anti-counterfeiting capabilities. The system relies on the near-field RF effects between the multiple antennas of the reader and the uniquely modified substrate of the RF certificates of authenticity. A new stand-alone, low cost reader with 5 by 5 antennas is used to accurately extract the near-field response of RF certificates of authenticity meant to complement typical RFID tags in the 5 to 6 GHz frequency range. The RF characterization of all the reader's components, with an emphasis on accuracy and insertion loss introduced, has been performed for calibration purposes. The design methodology for generating RF-COA instances that yield unique RF fingerprints is outlined. Rigorous, yet preliminary, performance and robustness test results, including uniqueness among different instances, repeatability robustness for same instance, 2D to 3D projection comparison and variation in conductive material density, are reported and verify the unique features of this technology.
Improving the lens design and performance of a contemporary electromagnetic shock wave lithotripter (2014)

The efficiency of shock wave lithotripsy (SWL), a noninvasive first-line therapy for millions of nephrolithiasis patients, has not improved substantially in the past two decades, especially in regard to stone clearance. Here, we report a new acoustic lens design for a contemporary electromagnetic (EM) shock wave lithotripter, based on recently acquired knowledge of the key lithotripter field characteristics that correlate with efficient and safe SWL. The new lens design addresses concomitantly three fundamental drawbacks in EM lithotripters, namely, narrow focal width, nonidealized pulse profile, and significant misalignment in acoustic focus and cavitation activities with the target stone at high output settings. Key design features and performance of the new lens were evaluated using model calculations and experimental measurements against the original lens under comparable acoustic pulse energy (E+) of 40 mJ. The -6-dB focal width of the new lens was enhanced from 7.4 to 11 mm at this energy level, and peak pressure (41 MPa) and maximum cavitation activity were both realigned to be within 5 mm of the lithotripter focus. Stone comminution produced by the new lens was either statistically improved or similar to that of the original lens under various in vitro test conditions and was significantly improved in vivo in a swine model (89% vs. 54%, P = 0.01), and tissue injury was minimal using a clinical treatment protocol. The general principle and associated techniques described in this work can be applied to design improvement of all EM lithotripters.
Instant Outdoor Localization and SLAM Initialization from 2.5D Maps (2015)

We present a method for large-scale geo-localization and global tracking of mobile devices in urban outdoor environments. In contrast to existing methods, we instantaneously initialize and globally register a SLAM map by localizing the first keyframe with respect to widely available untextured 2.5D maps. Given a single image frame and a coarse sensor pose prior, our localization method estimates the absolute camera orientation from straight line segments and the translation by aligning the city map model with a semantic segmentation of the image. We use the resulting 6DOF pose, together with information inferred from the city map model, to reliably initialize and extend a 3D SLAM map in a global coordinate system, applying a model-supported SLAM mapping approach. We show the robustness and accuracy of our localization approach on a challenging dataset, and demonstrate unconstrained global SLAM mapping and tracking of arbitrary camera motion on several sequences.
Immunochemical analysis of the types Ia and Ib group B streptococcal polysaccharides. (1985)

The types Ia and Ib group B streptococcal type-specific polysaccharides have remarkable immunologic differences despite a great deal of structural similarity. Although these two complex polysaccharides differ only by a single glycosidic linkage, they are antigenically distinct. Furthermore, terminal sialic acid residues appear to be critical to the immunodeterminant on the type Ia polysaccharide, whereas the antigenicity of the type Ib polysaccharide does not show this dependence on sialic acid. In the current investigation we defined better the immunodeterminant of these polysaccharides. With homologous rabbit antiserum, the type Ia native and core polysaccharides demonstrated partial serologic identity, whereas the type Ib native and core polysaccharides demonstrated complete serologic identity. Surprisingly, the type I degalactosylated polysaccharide, degraded structure, was capable of reacting with a population of antibodies present in type Ia antiserum similar to the complete type Ia native polysaccharide, although demonstrating a reduced level of immunodeterminant expression. Unlike the reactions of the type Ia polysaccharides with homologous rabbit antiserum, the Ib native and core polysaccharides were able to react with identical populations of antibodies in type Ib-specific antiserum. A minor population of antibodies was demonstrated in the type Ib antiserum, which was reactive with the degalactosylated polysaccharide. That a population of antibodies reactive toward the degalactosylated polysaccharide is present in both type Ia and type Ib antisera suggests that the Iabc cross-reacting determinant is due to the presence of serum antibodies reactive with this trisaccharide repeating unit, which is shared by both the type Ia and the type Ib native and core polysaccharides.
On the selection of trending image from the web (2015)

The recommendation of trending images has become a popular feature used by commercial search engines to attract public attention. By browsing through trending images, search engine users can discover trending events at a glance. However, the selection of trending images is very challenging and remains an open issue. Most existing work is highly dependent on editorial efforts, though some preliminarily identify a few plain features for trending images. In this paper, we investigate a set of perceptual factors that can distinguish trending images from common ones. We propose a set of trending-aware features based on several common criteria, which reflect the characteristics of trending images. We further construct a manually labeled dataset based on a commercial search engine's query log over a two-week timespan. We evaluate our proposed method on this dataset and the results demonstrate its effectiveness.
Impossibility of faithfully storing single photons with the three-pulse photon echo (2010)

The three-pulse photon echo is a well-known technique to store intense light pulses in an inhomogeneously broadened atomic ensemble. This protocol is attractive because it is relatively simple and it is well suited for the storage of multiple temporal modes. Furthermore, it offers very long storage times, greater than the phase relaxation time. Here, we consider the three-pulse photon echo in both two- and three-level systems as a potential technique for the storage of light at the single-photon level. By explicit calculations, we show that the ratio between the echo signal corresponding to a single-photon input and the noise is smaller than one. This severely limits the achievable fidelity of the quantum state storage, making the three-pulse photon echo unsuitable for single-photon quantum memory.
Activity of stereoisomers of serricornin, sex pheromone of the cigarette beetle (Lasioderma serricorne F.). (1984)

(1984). Activity of Stereoisomers of Serricornin, Sex Pheromone of the Cigarette Beetle ( Lasioderma serricorne F.) Agricultural and Biological Chemistry: Vol. 48, No. 11, pp. 2833-2834.
<title>Object-based video coding using forward-tracking 2D mesh layers</title> (1997)

This paper proposes mesh-based methods for object-based video coding in a similar context as MPEG-4. The mesh-based approach is aimed at supporting a wide variety of applications for object-based bitstream manipulation and editing. We combine recent mesh-based motion models with the object-based video representation of MPEG-4. A mesh tracking algorithm is developed that enables the tracking of foreground video objects, through forward motion estimation, piecewise affine warping and dynamic mesh updates. Techniques to compress the mesh node positions and motion vectors are discussed. The proposed methods were tested on MPEG test sequences of varying complexity. We have replaced block-based motion compensation of the MPEG-4 video verification model with mesh-based tracking and motion compensation and evaluated the performance of the resulting object-based coder.
Abdominal Ultrasound for Diagnosis of Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease (NAFLD) (2007)

Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is one of the most common causes of chronic liver disease. The progressive subtype of NAFLD or nonalcoholic steatohepatitits (NASH), may progress to cirrhosis and its complications. Unfortunately, accurate noninvasive modalities for diagnosing NASH and monitoring its progression are unavailable, necessitating a liver biopsy. Abdominal ultrasound (US) is widely used for screening asymptomatic patients with an incidental elevation of liver enzymes. However, US cannot detect small amounts of hepatic steatosis and cannot establish the diagnosis of NASH or stage of hepatic fibrosis. In this issue of AJG, a new radiologic scoring system has been reported to have excellent performance in diagnosing NAFLD and visceral obesity. However, the utility of this scoring system in establishing the diagnosis of NASH and hepatic fibrosis, has not been shown. Additionally, validity of this scoring system to other populations (i.e. obese) and in the setting of private practice must be proven. In summary, this study provides some valuable data regarding the utility of radiologic modalities in detecting hepatic steatosis and abdominal fat but still falls short in answering some important diagnostic and prognostic questions in NAFLD. The evolving field of diagnostic imaging for NAFLD holds promise. A combination of serum biomarkers and radiologic modalities may one day provide the best diagnostic approach for patients with NAFLD, and potentially replace the necessity for liver biopsy in most patients.
CRUSE (2006)

The user interfaces for mobile devices generally have space and entry restrictions. These restrictions often limit both the usage and usefulness of many mobile applications. The Context Reactive User Experience (CRUSE) is a user interface framework enabling the delivery of applications and services to mobile users in a standard usable form. CRUSE is designed to both maximize the amount of useful information presented to a user, and to minimize the difficulty the user has in accessing information missing from the user interface. At any given time CRUSE takes available context, user preferences and user behavior to present options that have the most likelihood of being selected by the user. Such a prediction cannot be foolproof at all times therefore it is augmented by a natural language text box.