gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
ContractFuzzer: fuzzing smart contracts for vulnerability detection (2018)

Decentralized cryptocurrencies feature the use of blockchain to transfer values among peers on networks without central agency. Smart contracts are programs running on top of the blockchain consensus protocol to enable people make agreements while minimizing trusts. Millions of smart contracts have been deployed in various decentralized applications. The security vulnerabilities within those smart contracts pose significant threats to their applications. Indeed, many critical security vulnerabilities within smart contracts on Ethereum platform have caused huge financial losses to their users. In this work, we present ContractFuzzer, a novel fuzzer to test Ethereum smart contracts for security vulnerabilities. ContractFuzzer generates fuzzing inputs based on the ABI specifications of smart contracts, defines test oracles to detect security vulnerabilities, instruments the EVM to log smart contracts runtime behaviors, and analyzes these logs to report security vulnerabilities. Our fuzzing of 6991 smart contracts has flagged more than 459 vulnerabilities with high precision. In particular, our fuzzing tool successfully detects the vulnerability of the DAO contract that leads to USD 60 million loss and the vulnerabilities of Parity Wallet that have led to the loss of USD 30 million and the freezing of USD 150 million worth of Ether.
Analysis of vacuum tower asphalt extender and effect on bitumen and asphalt properties (2015)

Interest has increased related to the impact on asphalt performance of bitumen containing vacuum tower asphalt extender (VTAE), the non-distillable fraction from re-refining used engine oil. This laboratory study provides information on bitumen and asphalt characteristics with and without VTAE. VTAE was blended with PG 64-22 to achieve bitumen grade of PG 58-28. To serve as control a second PG 58-28 was formulated using PG 52-28 with the same PG 64-22. The bitumens were analysed for Superpave PG grade, X-ray fluorescence and polycyclic aromatic compound content, and also using gel permeation chromatography and thermogravimetric analysis. Grade results showed no appreciable difference in ageing between the two PG 58-28 bitumens after Rolling Thin-Film Oven and Pressure Ageing Vessel ageing. The second portion of the study compares asphalt prepared with the two PG 58-28 bitumens including volumetric properties, resistance to moisture damage and rutting, stiffness and fatigue resistance. Fatigue specimens were subjected to short-term and long-term ageing. Asphalt with the VTAE bitumen had equal or increased fatigue resistance in both the short-term and long-term aged conditions. Bitumen was recovered from each ageing condition and tested for binder grade. Comparing the two PG 58-28 bitumens showed no significant difference in stiffness or low temperature properties.
Investigating effective methods for integration of building's map with low cost inertial sensors and wifi-based positioning (2013)

In this paper a study has been made to investigate effective methods for utilizing building map information to complement indoor positioning using wifi positioning and inertial sensors. Two solutions have been developed which utilize Particle filter to integrate wifi positioning, inertial sensors and two different representations of the building map information. The first representation of the map information is a Computer Aided Drawing (CAD) that provides information of the walls inside a building. The information of the walls can be utilized for removing particles with impossible movements i.e. crossing walls. The second representation is a graph that provides information of the walkable areas inside a building. The motion of the user is constrained to the walkable areas only helping to remove the particles on the wrong trajectory. The performances of the developed solutions have been evaluated for the accuracy, consistency, number of particles and processing time needed for the calculation of the position estimate. Both of the developed solutions provide satisfactory performance. They run in real time on a tablet with dual core processor with mean error being less than 3m and consistency more than 90%. The analysis of the results indicates that the use of graphs in constraining the position estimate is an accurate and compact method for providing position aiding to the indoor positioning system based on wifi-positioning and inertial sensors.
Design of a Tank Electrolyser for In-situ Generation of NaClO (2009)

Sodium hypochlorite (NaClO) is used on a large scale for surface purification, fabric bleaching, odour removal and water disinfection. It has numerous advantages namely simple dosage, safe storage and transportation and leaves no residual effluent. Electro synthesis of NaClO is preferred due to the environmental hazard associated with the storage and transportation of liquid chlorine. It is now becoming popular for users to produce their own hypochlorite solutions by means of undivided electrolytic cells by direct electrolysis of weak brine or seawater. These cells can be designed for any desired production capacity. Design of a simple tank electrolyser for the in - situ generation of NaClO is presented Index Terms— in-situ generation, undivided cell, sodium hypochlorite. of NaClO is preferred due to the environmental hazard associated with the storage and transportation of liquid chlorine. It is now becoming popular for users to produce their own hypochlorite solutions by means of undivided electrolytic cells by direct electrolysis of weak brine or seawater. These cells can be designed for any desired production capacity. Design of a simple tank electrolyser for the in - situ generation of NaClO is presented in this paper. II. PRINCIPLE AND METHODOLOGY
Necroptosis: A novel manner of cell death, associated with stroke (Review) (2017)

Cell death is indispensable in the physiology, pathology, growth, development, senility and death of an organism. In recent years, the identification of a highly regulated form of necrosis, known as necroptosis, has challenged the traditional concept of necrosis and apoptosis, which are two major modes of cell death. This novel manner of cell death is similar in form to necrosis in terms of morphological features, and it can also be regulated in a caspase‑independent manner. Therefore, necroptosis can be understood initially as a combination of necrosis and apoptosis. The mechanism of its regulation, induction and inhibition is complicated, and involves a range of molecular expression and regulation. According to the recent literature, necroptosis takes place in the physiological regulatory processes of an organism and is involved in the occurrence, development and prognosis of a variety of diseases that have a necrosis phenotype, including neurodegenerative diseases, ischemic disease, hemorrhagic disease, inflammation and viral infectious diseases. In the present review, the features, molecular mechanism and identification of necroptosis under pathological conditions are discussed, with particular emphasis on its association with stroke.
The Molecule Evoluator. An Interactive Evolutionary Algorithm for the Design of Drug-Like Molecules (2006)

We developed a software tool to design drug-like molecules, the "Molecule Evoluator", which we introduce and describe here. An atom-based evolutionary approach was used allowing both several types of mutation and crossover to occur. The novelty, we claim, is the unprecedented interactive evolution, in which the user acts as a fitness function. This brings a human being's creativity, implicit knowledge, and imagination into the design process, next to the more standard chemical rules. Proof-of-concept was demonstrated in a number of ways, both computationally and in the lab. Thus, we synthesized a number of compounds designed with the aid of the Molecule Evoluator. One of these is described here, a new chemical entity with activity on alpha-adrenergic receptors.
Lumped-mass method for the study of band structure in two-dimensional phononic crystals (2004)

A lumped-mass method is introduced to study the propagation of elastic waves in two-dimensional periodic systems. First, it is used to calculate the band structure of an array of Pb columns in an epoxy background. Second, the method is applied to the same array of Pb columns in a soft rubber background. The results are compared with those calculated with the well-known plane-wave expansion formalism, where the advantages of the lumped-mass method are pointed out and analyzed. These advantages make it possible for easy calculations of band structures of phononic crystals with interfaces of large contrast of elastic constants as well as units of any shapes.
Current topics in flavours and fragrances : towards a new millennium of discovery (1999)

Preface. Introduction K.A.D. Swift. The Total Synthesis of Synthetically Interesting Perfumery Natural Products K.A.D. Swift. Advances in the Trandition Metal (Rh, Ru)-BINAP-Catalysed Asymmetric Synthesis of Chiral Compounds for Flavours and Fragrances and Their Associated Sensory Properties T. Yamamoto. Towards Environmentally Friendly Chemical Processes R.A. Sheldon. Advances in the Industrial Synthesis of Medium to Large Ring Molecules S. Ellwood, T. Haines. Analysis Technology A. Chaintreau. Flavour Matrix Interactions A.J. Taylor. Biotransformation in the Flavour Industry R.G. Berger, et al. Lipid Derived Flavours W. Fitz, et al. Safety and Legislation of Flavourings F. Grundschober. Index.
TIMP-1 in patients with cirrhosis: relation to liver dysfunction, portal hypertension, and hemodynamic changes (2014)

TIMP-1 is significantly increased in patients with cirrhosis and correlates with the severity of the disease, degree of portal hypertension, and vasodilatory state. TIMP-1 is therefore a promising new noninvasive marker to predict hemodynamic-related complications in cirrhosis.
Human colonic goblet cells. Demonstration of distinct subpopulations defined by mucin-specific monoclonal antibodies. (1986)

We studied glycoprotein content of human colonic goblet cells, using a library of monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) directed against purified human colonic mucin (HCM). Using indirect immunofluorescence (IIF), we found that 17 of 23 anti-HCM MAbs stained some or all goblet cells of normal human colonic mucosa. We observed a variety of cellular staining patterns, including (a) diffuse (homogeneous) staining of intracellular mucin, (b) speckled (inhomogeneous) staining of mucin droplets, (c) peripheral staining of intracellular droplets, (d) cytoplasmic staining of goblet cells, and (e) apical (luminal) surface staining. Staining patterns were not associated with particular HCM species. In addition to variable patterns of IIF within individual cells, anti-HCM MAbs varied in the proportion of goblet cells stained. Some MAbs stained all goblet cells, while others stained a limited number of goblet cells. Although each goblet cell contained more than one type mucin, HCM species III, and IV and V appeared to exist in mutually exclusive goblet cell populations and it was possible to define at least seven subpopulations of goblet cells in colonic mucosa by their content of various combinations of HCM species. Anti-HCM MAbs stained goblet cells from other sites within the gastrointestinal tract to a varying extent. Anti-HCM MAbs also showed extensive cross-reactivity with rodent, rabbit, and monkey colonic mucosa. However, several anti-HCM MAbs stained only human colonic mucosa. These data show that human colonic mucosa contains discrete subpopulations of goblet cells that produce distinctive combinations of specific mucin glycoprotein species.
Amino Acid Derivatives by Multicomponent Reactions (1997)

The ideal synthesis uses simple, inexpensive starting materials that can be converted in a single step and in excellent yield into the final product. Multicomponent reactions such as the palladium-catalyzed amidocarbonylation (a) described by Beller et al. are aimed at approaching this ideal situation.
Silicon-gate n-well CMOS process by full ion-implantation technology (1980)

A silicon-gate n-well CMOS process for an application of digital circuits operated by TTL compatible supply voltage was developed. Full ion-implantation technology, a new photolithography technique, n <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">+</sup> -doped polysilicon gate which contain no boron impurities, and thin gate oxide of 65 nm can realize CMOS circuits of 2-µm gate length. Average impurity concentrations measured from substrate bias effect of MOSFET's and junction depth are in good agreement with those expected from impurity profiles calculated by a simple diffusion theory. So, the process design for CMOS circuits operated by any supply voltage is possible, by adjusting threshold voltages. The process can easily be extended to n-MOS/CMOS process (E/D MOS and CMOS on the same chip), if a photomask to fabricate depletion-type n-MOSFET's is provided.
Melanosome Maturation Defect in Rab38-deficient Retinal Pigment Epithelium Results in Instability of Immature Melanosomes during Transient Melanogenesis (2007)

Pathways of melanosome biogenesis in retinal pigment epithelial (RPE) cells have received less attention than those of skin melanocytes. Although the bulk of melanin synthesis in RPE cells occurs embryonically, it is not clear whether adult RPE cells continue to produce melanosomes. Here, we show that progression from pmel17-positive premelanosomes to tyrosinase-positive mature melanosomes in the RPE is largely complete before birth. Loss of functional Rab38 in the "chocolate" (cht) mouse causes dramatically reduced numbers of melanosomes in adult RPE, in contrast to the mild phenotype previously shown in skin melanocytes. Choroidal melanocytes in cht mice also have reduced melanosome numbers, but a continuing low level of melanosome biogenesis gradually overcomes the defect, unlike in the RPE. Partial compensation by Rab32 that occurs in skin melanocytes is less effective in the RPE, presumably because of the short time window for melanosome biogenesis. In cht RPE, premelanosomes form but delivery of tyrosinase is impaired. Premelanosomes that fail to deposit melanin are unstable in both cht and tyrosinase-deficient RPE. Together with the high levels of cathepsin D in immature melanosomes of the RPE, our results suggest that melanin deposition may protect the maturing melanosome from the activity of lumenal acid hydrolases.
Isolation of ultrapure supercoiled plasmid‐DNA using preparative electrophoresis (1998)

A large-scale preparative polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (PAGE) system for the isolation of high-purity supercoiled plasmid-DNA is described. This method should prove suitable for the isolation of large DNA molecules, either plasmid or linear DNA, that is required for the production of transgenic animals, for instance. The efficiency of the method is illustrated by the isolation of the gene for the green fluorescent protein, cloned into a mammalian expression vector and used for transfection of eukaryotic cells.
Managing music in orchestras (1999)

The typical orchestra manages a huge amount of information. A symphonic work's main score often runs to more than 100 pages, while an operatic score can run 600 or more. From the main score, the conductor draws some 15 to 30 different instrumental parts and distributes them to 40 or more lecterns so that 70 musicians can play from them during rehearsals and performances. This overhead increases significantly if the piece requires a chorus as well. A typical performance ranges from a few minutes to more than two hours. Individual musicians often make simple changes to the score, writing them manually on their parts during rehearsals, most often by adding interpretation symbols such as dynamics, expression marks, and string bowings. More complex changes-such as arrangements for different instruments, transpositions, and the deletion or addition of music sections-must be decided by the conductor. Operas, ballets, and new symphonic works frequently require such time-consuming modifications. Many performing organizations and publishers could benefit from a computerized option that allows storage of multiple versions and reduces the amount of repetitive work involved. The authors discuss their approach: the Music Object-Oriented Distributed System.
Realizing a Concept for High Efficiency and Excellent Driveability: The Downsized and Supercharged Hybrid Pneumatic Engine (2009)

<div class="htmlview paragraph">Pneumatic hybridization of internal combustion engines may prove to be a viable and cost-efficient alternative to electric hybridization. This paper evaluates the effects of pneumatic hybridization of various engine concepts using the criteria of fuel efficiency, driveability, emissions, and cost efficiency.</div> <div class="htmlview paragraph">The most promising engine concept is found to be the pneumatic hybridization combined with downsizing and supercharging spark-ignited engines. With this concept, a fuel consumption reduction of over 30% compared to a standard engine with the same rated power can be achieved. The poor driveability usually associated with heavily downsized and supercharged engines is completely overcome by injecting additional air during transients.</div> <div class="htmlview paragraph">The most important design issues for this new concept are discussed and several possible solutions are presented. Following these considerations, the first fully functional hybrid pneumatic engine was realized.</div> <div class="htmlview paragraph">Experimental results for all additional engine modes are shown, i.e., conventional combustion, supercharged mode, pneumatic motor mode, and pneumatic pump mode. Transient mode switches, beginning with pneumatic engine start, are also tested successfully. Up to now, the experimental results fully confirm the promising simulation results for all engine modes.</div>
Introduction to fluorescence spectroscopy (1999)

The Origin of Fluorescence. Environmental Effects on Fluorescence. Measurement of Fluorescence Spectra. Time and Phase Resolved Fluorimeters. Fluorescence Analytical Methods and Their Applications. Index.
A Cobalt‐Free Oxygen‐Permeable Membrane Based on the Perovskite‐Type Oxide Ba<sub>0.5</sub>Sr<sub>0.5</sub>Zn<sub>0.2</sub>Fe<sub>0.8</sub>O<sub>3–δ</sub> (2005)

A Zn-containing perovskite structure of composition Ba0.5Sr0.5Zn0.2Fe0.8O3–δ is proposed as an oxygen-transport material with good phase stability at low oxygen partial pressures at temperatures up to 950 °C. The material has been successfully tested in a membrane reactor in the partial oxidation of methane to synthesis gas (see Figure).
Choristomas of the seventh and eighth cranial nerves. (1997)

Choristomas, masses of normal tissues in aberrant locations, contain smooth muscle fibers and fibrous tissues. We describe the MR imaging features of two choristomas located in the internal auditory canals and arising from the facial and vestibulocochlear nerves. Both lesions enhanced with contrast material. In one case, enhancement was seen in the geniculate ganglion and greater superficial petrosal nerve. In the other, a medial component enhanced less than the lateral component did.
<title>One-Step White-Light Transmission Holography</title> (1980)

Although the two-step holographic technique for producing white-light-transmission, or "rainbow", holograms has proven the most practical for producing display images, one-step apertured-lens techniques can also be useful in producing such holograms. Typically, the diameter of the lens limits the field of view, but not the image size, for pseudoscopic image presentation, or imposes an intermediate vignetting aperture in the orthoscopic case. Here we describe how the combination of conjugate wavefront illumination and conjugate diffraction can be used to produce a large-area, undistorted, orthoscopic image, with only the field of view limited by the lens size. The resulting holograms enjoy very high image contrast, and rival the results of the two-step process in many respects.
Effects of crossed-olivocochlear-bundle stimulation on cat auditory nerve fiber responses to tones (1983)

Phase, synchronization index, and average firing rate were calculated from period histograms of tone burst responses obtained from sound level series with and without electrical stimulation of the cross-olivocochlear-bundle (COCB). For most fibers, at low sound levels, COCB stimulation shifted the rate and synchronization index level functions up in sound level but did not shift the phase-level function in the same way. These effects can be accounted for if the stage at which the COCB acts precedes the stage at which analog signals are changed into neural firing patterns with a given rate and synchronization index, but does not precede the stage at which the level dependence of phase is introduced. Some level series show an abrupt phase change and "dips" in rate and synchronization-index level functions at high sound levels. COCB stimulation shifted these abrupt phase changes and dips down in sound level and usually had little effect at sound levels above these abrupt phase changes and dips. The following explanatory hypothesis is developed: excitation of an auditory-nerve fiber is the result of two factors which are out of phase and have different growth functions. The two factors cancel when they are equal in amplitude producing the dips and phase changes. COCB stimulation reduces the more sensitive factor but does not change the other factor so the two factors cancel at a lower sound level with COCB stimulation.
Data-driven methods for statistical verification of uncertain nonlinear systems (2018)

Thesis: Ph. D., Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Department of Aeronautics and Astronautics, 2018.
Isolation of new thermophilic aerobic bacteria which produse thermostable .ALPHA.-amylase. (1990)

Three strains of endospore forming, thermophilic and aerobic bacteria tentatively named JF1, JF2 and D strains were isolated from Chinese traditional koji. These strains were gram positive and belonged to the genus Bacillus. The optimal growth temperature was 55 to 65°C; and the optimal pH, 6 to 8. They produced extracellular thermostable α-amylase in media containing lactose, galactose, raffinose, ethanol or other carbohydrates.It is suggested that strains JF and D are two new species of the Bacillus genus.
Search for Half-Metallic Compounds in Co<sub>2</sub>MnZ (Z=IIIb, IVb, Vb Element) (1995)

Electronic structures of Heusler alloys Co 2 MnZ (Z=sp elements) were calculated to search half-metallic compounds. In this paper, it will be shown that stoichiometric compounds Co 2 MnZ are half-metallic when Z is Si and Ge. Considering the effect of Z atom on the band structure, we can predict that there are half-metallic compounds in nonstoichiometric compounds Co 2 MnZ 1- x Z x ' and that the position of the Fermi level is adjustable in the energy gap of the minority-spin state by changing the composition x .
Venous Thromboembolism Guidebook, Fourth Edition (2003)

From the Division of Cardiology and the Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center; and the Cardiovascular Division, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA. Revised and updated, July 2003. Please address reprint request/correspondence to: Samuel Z. Goldhaber, Division of Cardiology, 75 Francis St., Boston, MA 02115.