gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A framework to create video-transition effects (2005)

The paper presents a framework for developing a variety of video transition effects. The framework is designed to deal with the problem of inefficiency for programmers to generate more and more diversified video transition, which is caused by excessive coupling between the sub-modules of the system. So the framework is designed to be modular, flexible and extensible. Based on the analysis of common features of different effects, the implementation of video transition effect is divided into 4 sub-modules, each of which can be designed and developed independently. Furthermore, these sub-modules can be easily substituted, modified and reused. We present a formal description of our framework, and give typical study cases to show the extensive utility of the framework.
The Identification of a Cis-element and a Trans-acting Factor Involved in the Response to Polyamines and Polyamine Analogues in the Regulation of the Human Spermidine/Spermine N 1-Acetyltransferase Gene Transcription (1998)

The superinduction of spermidine/spermine N1-acetyltransferase (SSAT) gene has been associated with a cytotoxic response to a new class of antineoplastic polyamine analogues. The initial mechanism of SSAT superinduction is an increase in transcription in response to analogue exposure. This increased transcription appears to be modulated through the association between a nuclear protein factor and a cis-element described here as the polyamine-responsive element (PRE). The PRE was identified as a 9-base pair sequence, 5'-TATGACTAA-3', in the context of a 31-base pair stretch from -1522 to -1492 base pairs with respect to the SSAT transcriptional start site. This element binds a nuclear factor from polyamine analogue-responsive cells, but not from polyamine analogue-insensitive cells. The labeled PRE was used to clone and identify the transcription factor, Nrf-2, that binds constitutively to the PRE sequence. Although the PRE sequence shares homology to the originally identified Nrf-2 recognition sequence, the two sequences are not identical. The Nrf-2 transcription factor appears only to be present in cell types that are capable of expressing high amounts of SSAT. The results of these studies suggest that Nrf-2, bound to the PRE, plays an important regulatory role of expression of the human SSAT gene.
The Importance of the Sperm Motility Classes - Future Directions (2010)

The 2010 WHO Laboratory Manual for the Examination and Processing of Human Semen has established a new classification of sperm motility, as follows: a) progressive motility, which includes both forward progression (rapid and slow) and sluggish motility; b) non progressive motility. Unfortunately, this new classification is insufficient to allow for detailed evaluation of the sperm kinetic properties seen in clinical practice, especially with regard to forward motility. Computer Aided Sperm Analysis Systems are still not available in all andrology laboratories, even though 20 years have passed since their introduction. Therefore, our group has created a dedicated software, the Superimposed Image Analysis System, which superimposes a sequence of images on a monitor, producing a final image with a motion effect. This system allows for the objective evaluation of the tracks described by spermatozoa and can subdivide sperm into four motility classes based on straight-line velocity, curvilinear velocity and linearity values.
Automated Extraction of Rich Software Models from Limited System Information (2016)

Reverse engineering a software system is challenged by the typically very limited information available about existing systems. Useful reverse engineering tasks include recovering a system's architectural, behavioral, and usage models, which can then be leveraged to answer important questions about a system. For example, using such models to analyze and predict a system's non-functional properties would help to efficiently assess the system's current state, planned adaptations, scalability issues, etc. Existing approaches typically only extract a system's static architecture, omitting the dynamic information that is needed for such analyses. The contribution of this paper is an automated technique that extracts a system's static architecture, behavior, and usage models from very limited, but readily available information: source code and test cases. These models can then be fed into known performance, reliability, and cost prediction techniques. We evaluated our approach for accuracy against systems with already established usage models, and observed that our approach finds the correct, but more detailed usage models. We also analyzed 14 open source software systems spanning over 2 million lines of code to evaluate the scalability of our approach.
Nuclear quadrupole resonance measurement of the anisotropic magnetic shielding and quadrupole coupling constants of<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mml:mrow><mml:mmultiscripts><mml:mrow><mml:mi mathvariant="normal">Eu</mml:mi></mml:mrow><mml:mrow/><mml:mrow><mml:mn>3</mml:mn><mml:mo>+</mml:mo></mml:mrow><mml:mrow/><mml:mrow/><mml:mprescripts/><mml:mrow/><mml:mrow><mml:mn>151</mml:mn></mml:mrow><mml:mrow/><mml:mrow/></mml:mmultiscripts></mml:mrow></mml:math>and<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mml:mrow><mml:mmultiscripts><mml:mrow><mml:mi mathvariant="normal">Eu</mml:mi></mml:mrow><mml:mrow/><mml:mrow><mml:mn>3</mml:mn><mml:mo>+</mml:mo></mml:mrow><mml:mrow/><mml:mrow/><mml:mprescripts/><mml:mrow/><mml:mrow><mml:mn>153</mml:mn></mml:mrow><mml:mrow/><mml:mrow/></mml:mmultiscripts></mml:mrow></mml:math>dilute in YAl<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mml:mrow><mml:msub><mml:mrow><mml:mi mathvariant="normal">O</mml:mi></mml:mrow><mml:mrow><mml:mn>3</mml:mn></mml:mrow></mml:msub></mml:mrow></mml:math>single crystal (1981)

The nuclear quadrupole resonance spectra of ${\mathrm{Eu}}^{3+}$ in YAl${\mathrm{O}}_{3}$ single crystal at \ensuremath{\sim} 10 K are reported. From the ratio of the quadrupole interaction parameters of $^{151}\mathrm{Eu}$ and $^{153}\mathrm{Eu}$, the ratio of the quadrupole moments corrected for the pseudoquadrupole interaction is obtained $\frac{{Q}^{153}}{{Q}^{151}}=2.5812\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.0010$. With low-magnetic-field studies the anisotropic magnetic shielding factors are measured. They are ${\ensuremath{\alpha}}_{x}=0.58$, ${\ensuremath{\alpha}}_{y}=0.80$, ${\ensuremath{\alpha}}_{z}=0.47$ compared to an estimate of ${\ensuremath{\alpha}}_{z}=0.89$ by Elliott. A measured value $〈{r}^{\ensuremath{-}3}〉=39$ ${\mathrm{\AA{}}}^{\ensuremath{-}3}$ is obtained using Elliott's formulation and the experimental values of the anisotropic magnetic shielding factors.
Inhibition of toxicity and protofibril formation in the amyloid-β peptide β(25–35) using N-Methylated derivatives (2002)

Beta (25-35) is a fragment of beta-amyloid that retains its wild-type properties. N-methylated derivatives of beta(25-35) can block hydrogen bonding on the outer edge of the assembling amyloid, so preventing the aggregation and inhibiting the toxicity of the wild-type peptide. The effects are assayed by Congo Red and thioflavin T binding, electron microscopy and an MTT [3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide] toxicity assay. N-methyl-Gly-25 has similar properties to the wild- type, while five other methylation sites have varying effects on prefolded fibrils and fibril assembly. In particular, N-methyl-Gly-33 is able to completely prevent fibril assembly and reduces the toxicity of prefolded amyloid. With N-methyl-Leu-34 the fibril morphology is altered and toxicity reduced. A preliminary study of beta(25-35) structure in aqueous solution was made by small-angle neutron scattering (SANS). The protofibrillar aggregates are best described as a disc of radius 140 A and height 53 A (1 A = 0.1 nm), though the possibility of polydisperse aggregates cannot be ruled out. No aggregates form in the presence of N-methyl-Gly-33. We suggest that the use of N-methylated derivatives of amyloidogenic peptides and proteins could provide a general solution to the problem of amyloid deposition and toxicity and that SANS is an important technique for the direct observation of protofibril formation and destruction in solution.
Thermal response of paraplegic skin to the application of localized pressure. (1981)

The skin temperature response of paraplegic skin to application of localized pressure has been measured and compared to the response of nonparalyzed skin. Following pressure release, skin temperature generally increased to a maximum value and then decreased slowly. The peak temperature rise observed was dependent on the magnitude and duration of applied pressure, with higher values of peak temperature rise associated with higher values of both the magnitude and duration of applied pressure. This trend is similar to that observed with nonparalyzed subjects. For both of these groups, the general pattern of temperature response curves are similar, and the magnitudes of peak temperature values are not much different. Skin temperature responses are believed to be due to reactive hyperemia. Pressure magnitudes and pressure application times used were below those needed to cause pressure sore formation.
ChemInform Abstract: Photochemistry of α‐Oxo Oximes. Part 11. Photochemical E‐Z Isomerization of Two 2‐(Methoxyimino)‐1‐indanones (I). Evidence for Excimer Formation Upon Direct Excitation at λ 300 nm. (1991)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
The radioprotective agent, amifostine, suppresses the reactivity of intralysosomal iron (2003)

Amifostine (2-[(3-aminopropyl)amino]ethane-thiol dihydrogen phosphate ester; WR-2721) is a radioprotective agent used clinically to minimize damage from radiation therapy to adjacent normal tissues. This inorganic thiophosphate requires dephosphorylation to produce the active, cell-permeant thiol metabolite, WR-1065. The activation step is presumably catalyzed by membrane-bound alkaline phosphatase, activity of which is substantially higher in the endothelium of normal tissues. This site-specific delivery may explain the preferential protection of normal versus neoplastic tissues. Although it was developed several decades ago, the mechanisms through which this agent exerts its protective effects remain unknown. Because WR-1065 is a weak base (pKa = 9.2), we hypothesized that the drug should preferentially accumulate (via proton trapping) within the acidic environment of intracellular lysosomes. These organelles contain abundant 'loose' iron and represent a likely initial target for oxidant- and radiation-mediated damage. We further hypothesized that, within the lysosomal compartment, the thiol groups of WR-1065 would interact with this iron, thereby minimizing iron-catalyzed lysosomal damage and ensuing cell death. A similar mechanism of protection via intralysosomal iron chelation has been invoked for the hexadentate iron chelator, desferrioxamine (DFO; although DFO enters the lysosomal compartment by endocytosis, not proton trapping). Using cultured J774 cells as a model system, we found substantial accumulation of WR-1065 within intracellular granules as revealed by reaction with the thiol-binding fluorochrome, BODIPY FL L-cystine. These granules are lysosomes as indicated by co-localization of BODIPY staining with LysoTracker Red. Compared to 1 mM DFO, cells pre-treated with 0.4 microM WR-1065 are protected from hydrogen peroxide-mediated lysosomal rupture and ensuing cell death. On a molar basis in this experimental system, WR-1065 is approximately 2500 times more effective than DFO in preventing oxidant-induced lysosomal rupture and cell death. This increased effectiveness is most likely due to the preferential concentration of this weak base within the acidic lysosomal apparatus. By electron spin resonance, we found that the generation of hydroxyl radical, which normally occurs following addition of hydrogen peroxide to J774 cells, is totally blocked by pretreatment with either WR-1065 or DFO. These findings suggest a single and plausible explanation for the radioprotective effects of amifostine and may provide a basis for the design of even more effective radio- and chemoprotective drugs.
In vivo functional human imaging using photoacoustic microscopy: response to ischemic and thermal stimuli (2010)

We report results of two in vivo functional human imaging experiments using photoacoustic microscopy. In Experiment 1, the hemodynamic response to an ischemic event was measured. The palm of a volunteer was imaged and a single cross-section was monitored while periodic arterial occlusions were administered using a blood pressure cuff wrapped around the upper arm and inflated to ~280 mmHg. Significant relative decreases in oxygen saturation (sO<sub>2</sub>) and total hemoglobin (HbT) were observed during periods of ischemia. Upon release of the occlusion, significant relative increases in sO2 and HbT due to post-occlusive reactive hyperemia were recorded. Experiment 2 explored the vascular response to a local, external thermal stimulus. Thermal hyperemia is a common physiological phenomenon and thermoregulation function in which blood flow to the skin is increased to more efficiently exchange heat with the ambient environment. The forearm of a volunteer was imaged and a single cross-section was monitored while the imaged surface was exposed to an elevated temperature of ~46°C. Due to thermal hyperemia, relative increases in sO<sub>2</sub> and HbT were measured as the temperature of the surface was raised. These results may contribute as clinically relevant measures of vascular functioning for detection and assessment of vascular related diseases.
Evaluation of a commercial PCR test for the diagnosis of dermatophyte nail infections (2014)

Tinea unguium, known as onychomycosis, is a dermatophyte infection of nails with worldwide distribution. Conventional methods for detecting fungi in nail specimens are either non-specific (microscopy) or insensitive (culture). PCR has been used to improve sensitivity in detecting the causative fungi in nail specimens from patients with suspected onychomycosis. Results of a commercial multiplex PCR for the detection of dermatophytes, especially Trichophyton rubrum (the main dermatophyte implicated), as compared to conventional methods are presented. A total of 418 nail scrapings obtained from dermatological outpatients were handled in the Laboratory of Microbiology between May 2010 and May 2013. Among them, multiplex PCR detected 126 (30.1 %) dermatophyte-positive samples, whereas culture revealed 44 (10.5 %). Direct microscopy revealed 63 (15.1 %) positive specimens. T. rubrum was identified in 116 out of 126 (92 %) positive PCR samples and 40 out of 44 (91 %) dermatophyte-positive cultures. Implementation of PCR increased species-specific detection of dermatophytes by 21.1 %, leading to a threefold increase as compared to culture alone. Multiplex PCR offers a time-saving diagnostic tool for tinea unguium and augments laboratory assistance to clinical evaluation for proper treatment.
Mesenchymal stem-cell-derived exosomal miR-145 inhibits atherosclerosis by targeting JAM-A (2020)

Atherosclerosis is a chronic inflammatory disease associated with the development of plaques that can be converted into an acute clinical event by thrombosis or plaque rupture. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) exhibit therapeutic effects for the treatment of various diseases, including atherosclerosis. In this study, we show that microRNA-145 (miR-145) is associated with atherosclerosis by microRNA sequencing and bioinformatics analysis. MSC-derived miR-145-rich exosomes could efficiently deliver miR-145 from MSCs to human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs). Treatment of miR-145-rich exosomes could downregulate JAM-A, inhibit migration <i>in vitro</i>, and reduce atherosclerotic plaque <i>in vivo</i>. Our study suggests that MSC-derived miR-145-rich exosomes have great potential for atherosclerosis prevention.
Quantum descriptors for biological macromolecules from linear‐scaling electronic structure methods (2004)

The characterization of electrostatic and chemical properties at the surface of biological macromolecules is of interest in elucidating the fundamental biological structure-function relationships as well as in problems of rational drug design. This paper presents a set of macromolecular quantum descriptors for the characterization of biological macromolecules in solution that can be obtained with modest computational cost from linear-scaling semi-empirical quantum/solvation methods. The descriptors discussed include: solvent-polarized electrostatic surface potential maps, equilibrated atomic charges, Fukui reactivity indices, approximate local hardness maps, and relative proton potentials. These properties are applied to study the conformational dependence of the electrostatic surface potential of the solvated phosphate-binding protein mutant (T141D), the regioselectivity of the zinc finger domains of HIV-1 nucleocapsid (NC) protein, and the order of pKa values of acidic residues in turkey ovomucoid third domain (OMTKY3) and of the zinc-binding residues in the carboxyl terminal zinc finger of NC. In all cases, insight beyond that obtainable from purely classical models is gained and can be used to rationalize the experimental observations. The macromolecular quantum descriptors presented here greatly extend the arsenal of tools for macromolecular characterization and offer promise in applications to modern structure-based drug design.
Experimental evaluation of out-of-plane distortion of electrostatically chucked EUV reticle (2008)

"Reticle protection during storage, handling and use" is one of the critical issues of EUV lithography because no practical pellicle has been found for EUV reticles as yet. The front surface of an EUV reticle has to be protected from particles larger than 20-30 nm to maintain the image quality on the wafer plane, and the backside also has to be protected to maintain the flatness of the reticle chucked on an electrostatic chuck (ESC). In this paper, we are focusing on particles on the backside of the reticle. If a particle lies between the reticle and the chuck, it has a strong impact on the flatness of the reticle, and the wafer overlay is degraded by out-of-plane distortion (OPD) and in-plane distortion (IPD) due to the particle<sup>1-5</sup>. From this point of view, we need to know the maximum permissible size of particles on the backside of the reticle. MIRAI-Selete introduced an experimental setup that can measure the flatness of the chucked reticle in a vacuum. An electrostatic chuck is installed in the vacuum chamber of Mask Protection Engineering Tool (MPE Tool)<sup>6</sup>, a reticle is automatically carried from a reticle pod to the chuck in the tool. The flatness of the reticle can be measured by an interferometer through a viewport underneath the chamber. We can measure the reticle flatness with 3-nm@rms reproducibility using this setup. We report results of experimental evaluation about the relationship between the reticle OPD, the size of particle and the chucking force of ESC.
Single‐Cell Mass Spectrometry for Discovery Proteomics: Quantifying Translational Cell Heterogeneity in the 16‐Cell Frog (<i>Xenopus</i>) Embryo (2016)

We advance mass spectrometry from a cell population-averaging tool to one capable of quantifying the expression of diverse proteins in single embryonic cells. Our instrument combines capillary electrophoresis (CE), electrospray ionization, and a tribrid ultrahigh-resolution mass spectrometer (HRMS) to enable untargeted (discovery) proteomics with ca. 25 amol lower limit of detection. CE-μESI-HRMS enabled the identification of 500-800 nonredundant protein groups by measuring 20 ng, or <0.2% of the total protein content in single blastomeres that were isolated from the 16-cell frog (Xenopus laevis) embryo, amounting to a total of 1709 protein groups identified between n=3 biological replicates. By quantifying ≈150 nonredundant protein groups between all blastomeres and replicate measurements, we found significant translational cell heterogeneity along multiple axes of the embryo at this very early stage of development when the transcriptional program of the embryo has yet to begin.
Treatment of Thumb Ulnar Collateral Ligament Ruptures with the Mitek Bone Anchor (1995)

Complete thumb ulnar collateral ligament (UCL) injuries usually require primary repair. The ulnar collateral ligament is often torn from its insertion site and reattachment is difficult. Seven patients underwent repair with the Mitek bone anchor (Mitek Surgical Products, Norwood, MA) for complete ulnar collateral ligament disruptions. A Stener lesion was found in four patients. Follow-up examination was at approximately 1 year. All patients regained a stable metacarpophalangeal joint to valgus stress. X-ray films demonstrated accurate placement of the bone anchor with protraction of the metallic wings within cancellous bone. Range of motion revealed a 7% loss of metacarpophalangeal flexion-extension and a 21% loss of interphalangeal motion. Pinch strength in apposition averaged 98% and in opposition 97% of the uninvolved hand. Grip strength was 96% of the contralateral extremity.
In-vitro development of early preantral ovarian follicles from postpuberal mice in a simplified culture system (2005)

The developmental competence in vitro of immature oocytes from mouse early preantral follicles in a simplified culture was investigated. The follicles ware obtained from 4-10 weeks and 14 days old mice, respectively. On day 12 of culture, most of cultured follicles ware survived (100% vs 97%) in this culture system. The granulosa cell outgrowth was observed in all of surviving follicles. The oocytes grown in vitro ware leaded to GVBD (84% vs 96%), and 44% of them reached Metaphase II, respectively. This results show that this culture system is valid in not only preantaral follicles from prepuberal mouse but also that of postpuberal periods.
Online access to NODC information services (2003)

Oceanographic data holdings of the National Oceanographic data Center (NODC) are large and varied. A goal at NODC is to provide timely information about those data to users by online computer access. Recently, NODC has developed a prototype system, called NOSIE (NODC Ocean Science Information Exchange), that includes descriptions of NODC data files, helps for sending or ordering data, interactive inventory summaries, and bulletin boards. NOSIE is a menu-driven, modular system to which information resources of various types can easily be added. It was designed using system software for screen management to provide a consistent look and feel during each session. Future plans are to expand inventory summaries, add detailed inventories, and make subsets of ocean files or special data sets directly accessible online.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>