gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
The parathyroid hormone, its fragments and analogues - potent bone-builders for treating osteoporosis (2000)

As populations age a rising number of men and women, but especially women during the first decade after menopause, become victims of a severe, accelerated loss of bone with crippling fractures known as osteoporosis. This often results in costly, prolonged hospitalisation and perhaps indirectly, death. Osteoporosis in women is caused by the menopausal oestrogen decline, which removes several key restraints on the generation, longevity and activity of bone-resorbing osteoclasts. Although there are many antiresorptive drugs on or coming onto the market (calcitonin, bisphosphonates, oestrogen and SERMS) that can slow or stop further bone loss, there are none that can restore lost bone mechanical strength by directly stimulating osteoblast activity and bone growth. However, there is a family of potent bone-building peptides, namely the 84 amino acid parathyroid hormone (PTH). Its 31 to 38 amino acid N-terminal fragments are currently in or about to enter clinical trials. We can predict that these peptides will be effective therapeutics for osteoporosis especially when supplemented with bisphosphonates or SERMs to protect the new bone from osteoclasts. These peptides should also accelerate the healing of fractures in persons of all ages and restore lost bone mass and mechanical strength to astronauts following their return to earth after long voyages in space.
Channel Charting: Locating Users Within the Radio Environment Using Channel State Information (2018)

We propose channel charting (CC), a novel framework in which a multi-antenna network element learns a chart of the radio geometry in its surrounding area. The channel chart captures the local spatial geometry of the area so that points that are close in space will also be close in the channel chart and vice versa. CC works in a fully unsupervised manner, i.e., learning is only based on channel state information (CSI) that is passively collected at a single point in space, but from multiple transmit locations in the area over time. The method then extracts channel features that characterize large-scale fading properties of the wireless channel. Finally, the channel charts are generated with tools from dimensionality reduction, manifold learning, and deep neural networks. The network element performing CC may be, for example, a multi-antenna base-station in a cellular system and the charted area in the served cell. Logical relationships related to the position and movement of a transmitter, e.g., a user equipment (UE), in the cell can then be directly deduced from comparing measured radio channel characteristics to the channel chart. The unsupervised nature of CC enables a range of new applications in UE localization, network planning, user scheduling, multipoint connectivity, hand-over, cell search, user grouping, and other cognitive tasks that rely on CSI and UE movement relative to the base-station, without the need of information from global navigation satellite systems.
Removal of Penicillin G from Contaminated Milk by Ultrafiltration (1985)

Penicillin G purposedly added to whole raw milk at concentrations from .05 to .20 IU/ml was removed to undetectable levels by a combination of ultrafiltrations and permeate washes. After penicillin removal, whole milk 3:1 vol/vol concentrated retentates were reconstituted to milk with antibiotic-free permeate with little change in composition and with very good to excellent flavor. Washing 3:1 vol/vol concentrated retentates from penicillin-contaminated milks with water also removed penicillin to an undetectable level but changed the composition of product, which displayed a flat flavor.
Network-Coded Multiple Access with Higher-Order Modulations (2015)

This paper presents the first network-coded multiple access (NCMA) system operated on higher- order modulations beyond BPSK. NCMA allows multiple nodes to transmit simultaneously to an access point (AP) to boost throughput of wireless local area networks (WLAN): the key idea is to jointly exploit multiuser decoding (MUD) and physical-layer network coding (PNC). High- order modulations are commonly adopted in WLAN systems when the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) is medium or high. However, direct generalization of the existing NCMA decoding algorithm, originally designed for BPSK, to higher-order modulations will lead to huge performance degradation. We find that the throughput degradation is caused by the relative phase offset between received signals from different nodes. To circumvent the throughput degradation, this paper investigates an NCMA system with multiple receive antennas at the AP, referred to as MIMO-NCMA. We have implemented MIMO-NCMA on software-defined radios. Our experimental results show that, at SNR of 10dB, the throughput of MIMO-NCMA outperforms single-antenna NCMA and conventional distributed MIMO-MUD, respectively. We believe that MIMO-NCMA throughput can be further improved with modulations beyond QPSK (e.g., 64-QAM).
Tissue-like Silicon Nanowires-Based Three-Dimensional Anodes for High-Capacity Lithium Ion Batteries (2015)

Here, we report on the scalable synthesis and characterization of novel architecture three-dimensional (3D) high-capacity amorphous silicon nanowires (SiNWs)-based anodes with focus on studying their electrochemical degradation mechanisms. We achieved an unprecedented combination of remarkable performance characteristics, high loadings of 3-15 mAh/cm(2), a very low irreversible capacity (10% for the 3-4 mAh/cm(2) anodes), current efficiency greater than 99.5%, cycle stability (both in half cells and a LiFePO4 battery), a total capacity of 457 mAh/cm(2) over 204 cycles and fast charge-discharge rates (up to 2.7C at 20 mA/cm(2)). These SiNWs-based binder-free 3D anodes have been cycled for over 200 cycles, exhibiting a stable cycle life. Notably, it was found that the growth of the continuous SEI layer thickness, and its concomitant increase in resistivity, represents the major reason for the observed capacity loss of the SiNWs-based anodes. Importantly, these NWs-based anodes of novel architecture meet the requirements of lithium batteries for future portable, and electric-vehicle, applications.
Development of easy detection device &#x0022;SURGE PRINT&#x0022; for lightning surge current (2011)

At this time, Sankosha developed the compact and power unnecessary easy detection device for lightning surge current (product name: SURGE PRINT). This device has a display for the magnetic response and the display shows the current flow sign when display receives the magnetic field produced by the surge current. We can therefore see the past flow sign of the surge current by installing the SURGE PRINT to existing ground cable etc,. And we also are able to know the operation of SPD, and are able to estimate pathway of the lightning surge current using the several results of SURGE PRINTs. From the operation test results for this device which used simulated lightning current, we can understand that this device can detect even the small current. Also we tested at field and got the results. We present the feature of the developed SURGE PRINT, the test results of the simulated lightning current and field test, and some installation examples.
Memory optimization of MAP turbo decoder algorithms (2001)

Turbo codes are the most recent breakthrough in coding theory. However, the decoder's implementation cost limits their incorporation in commercial systems. Although the decoding algorithm is highly data dominated, no true memory optimization study has been performed yet. We have extensively and systematically investigated different memory optimizations for the maximum a posteriori (MAP) class of decoding algorithms. It turns out that it is not possible to present one decoder structure as being optimal. In fact, there are several tradeoffs, which depend on the specific turbo code, the implementation target (hardware or software), and the selected cost function. We therefore end up with a parametric family of new optimized algorithms out of which the designer can choose. The impact of our optimizations is illustrated by a representative example, which shows a significant decrease in both decoding energy (factor 2.5) and delay (factor 1.7).
High-Density Electromyography and Motor Skill Learning for Robust Long-Term Control of a 7-DoF Robot Arm (2015)

Myoelectric control offers a direct interface between human intent and various robotic applications through recorded muscle activity. Traditional control schemes realize this interface through direct mapping or pattern recognition techniques. The former approach provides reliable control at the expense of functionality, while the latter increases functionality at the expense of long-term reliability. An alternative approach, using concepts of motor learning, provides session-independent simultaneous control, but previously relied on consistent electrode placement over biomechanically independent muscles. This paper extends the functionality and practicality of the motor learning-based approach, using high-density electrode grids and muscle synergy-inspired decomposition to generate control inputs with reduced constraints on electrode placement. The method is demonstrated via real-time simultaneous and proportional control of a 4-DoF myoelectric interface over multiple days. Subjects showed learning trends consistent with typical motor skill learning without requiring any retraining or recalibration between sessions. Moreover, they adjusted to physical constraints of a robot arm after learning the control in a constraint-free virtual interface, demonstrating robust control as they performed precision tasks. The results demonstrate the efficacy of the proposed man-machine interface as a viable alternative to conventional control schemes for myoelectric interfaces designed for long-term use.
Tetraphenylporphyrin Tethered Chitosan Based Carriers for Photochemical Transfection (2013)

Water-soluble amphiphilic chitosan nanocarriers tethered with the photosensitizer meso-tetraphenylporphyrin were synthesized in a seven-step procedure, starting from 3,6-di-O-tert-butyldimethylsilyl-chitosan and 5-(p-aminophenyl)-10,15,20-triphenylporphyrin. The lipophilic photosensitizer could be introduced in a quantitative and reproducible reaction to give either 0.1 or 0.25 degrees of substitution per glucosamine monomer. Fluorescence and NMR investigations revealed the dynamic structures of the carriers, which formed nanoparticles in aqueous solution with a core of π-stacked photosensitizers. These carriers can then unfold in the lipophilic environment, and the photosensitizer moiety can thus be inserted into the cell membrane. The efficacy of the carriers for photochemical internalization (PCI) mediated gene delivery was evaluated in vitro using the HCT116/LUC human colon carcinoma cell line. The efficacy of transfection was comparable to what could be achieved by the reference compound and current clinical candidate TPCS(2a).
High-remanence square-loop Fe-Ni and Fe-Mn magnetic alloys (1980)

This paper describes the magnetic properties of Fe-rich, Fe-Ni and Fe-Mn binary alloys processed to exhibit high remanence and square hysteresis loops. Recrystallization and decomposition of the cold worked alloys within the low temperature (α+γ) two-phase region lead to an extremely fine but essentially isotropic microstructure with an average particle dia. of 2000-4000 Å. A subsequent wire drawing results in an elongated and aligned fine-scale two-phase (α+α') structure with an average calculated particle diameter of several hundred angstroms and a length-to-dia, aspect ratio of 100-300. The Fe-Ni alloys exhibit much lower coercive forces compared with the Fe-Mn alloys, which is attributed to the smaller difference in magnetic saturation moment between the two decomposed phases in the Fe-Ni alloys. An Fe-8 wt% Mn alloy gives magnetic properties ( <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">Br \sim 18000</tex> G, <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">Br/Bs \sim 0.96</tex> , and <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">Hc \sim 28</tex> Oe) comparable to or better than those of the high-cobalt Remendur or Nibcolloy alloys currently used in the remanent reed switches but contains no strategic element such as cobalt, and is very ductile for easy metallurgical processing. The Fe-Mn alloys with higher Mn contents exhibit a potential as permanent magnet alloys.
On the Input Resistance of a Reconfigurable Switched Capacitor DC–DC Converter-Based Maximum Power Point Tracker of a Photovoltaic Source (2012)

The use of a switched capacitor (SC) dc–dc converter for tracking the maximum power point (MPP) of a photovoltaic (PV) array with the possibility of partial shading is described. The SC converter topology can be reconfigured to maximize conversion efficiency depending on the solar radiation and load. A new control scheme for MPP tracking based on tuning the input resistance (R <formula formulatype="inline" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"><tex Notation="TeX">$_{\rm IN}$</tex></formula> ) of the SC converter MPP tracker with a battery tied load to match the output resistance of the array at MPP is proposed. R <formula formulatype="inline" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"><tex Notation="TeX">$_{\rm IN}$</tex></formula> of the SC converter MPP tracker is studied extensively. The limits of R <formula formulatype="inline" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"><tex Notation="TeX">$_{\rm IN}$</tex> </formula> and its sensitivity to Pulse-width modulation (PWM), frequency modulation (FM), and circuit parameters of the SC converter are analyzed. Based on the sensitivity analysis, the proposed control scheme consists of an inner FM loop for fine control, an outer PWM loop for coarse control, and a provision to increase the dynamic range of R <formula formulatype="inline" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"><tex Notation="TeX">$_{\rm IN}$</tex></formula> with adjustments of certain converter circuit parameters. A hardware prototype of a 10-W SC converter-based MPP tracker is built. Experimental measurements on the hardware model confirm the theoretical analysis. An algorithm to implement the MPP tracking control scheme is also tested.
A Peripheral Blood Gene Expression Signature to Diagnose Subclinical Acute Rejection (2019)

Our targeted expression assay enabled noninvasive diagnosis of subclinical acute rejection and inflammation in the graft and may represent a useful tool to risk-stratify kidney transplant recipients.
Cardiac phase-resolved late gadolinium enhancement imaging (2022)

Late gadolinium enhancement (LGE) with cardiac magnetic resonance (CMR) imaging is the clinical reference for assessment of myocardial scar and focal fibrosis. However, current LGE techniques are confined to imaging of a single cardiac phase, which hampers assessment of scar motility and does not allow cross-comparison between multiple phases. In this work, we investigate a three step approach to obtain cardiac phase-resolved LGE images: (1) Acquisition of cardiac phase-resolved imaging data with varying T 1 weighting. (2) Generation of semi-quantitative <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" id="M1"><mml:msubsup><mml:mrow><mml:mstyle class="text"><mml:mtext mathvariant="bold">T</mml:mtext></mml:mstyle></mml:mrow><mml:mrow><mml:mstyle class="text"><mml:mtext mathvariant="bold">1</mml:mtext></mml:mstyle></mml:mrow><mml:mrow><mml:mstyle class="text"><mml:mtext mathvariant="bold">*</mml:mtext></mml:mstyle></mml:mrow></mml:msubsup></mml:math> maps for each cardiac phase. (3) Synthetization of LGE contrast to obtain functional LGE images. The proposed method is evaluated in phantom imaging, six healthy subjects at 3T and 20 patients at 1.5T. Phantom imaging at 3T demonstrates consistent contrast throughout the cardiac cycle with a coefficient of variation of 2.55 ± 0.42%. In-vivo results show reliable LGE contrast with thorough suppression of the myocardial tissue is healthy subjects. The contrast between blood and myocardium showed moderate variation throughout the cardiac cycle in healthy subjects (coefficient of variation 18.2 ± 3.51%). Images were acquired at 40–60 ms and 80 ms temporal resolution, at 3T and 1.5, respectively. Functional LGE images acquired in patients with myocardial scar visualized scar tissue throughout the cardiac cycle, albeit at noticeably lower imaging resolution and noise resilience than the reference technique. The proposed technique bears the promise of integrating the advantages of phase-resolved CMR with LGE imaging, but further improvements in the acquisition quality are warranted for clinical use.
Multiplexing of optical channels as a function of orbital angular momentum of photons (2008)

Presence of orbital angular momentum is experimentally verified in channels of spatially multiplexed fiber optic systems. A novel multiplexing scheme based on orbital angular momentum of photons is also presented.
Normalization of Tumor Vasculature by Oxygen Microbubbles with Ultrasound (2019)

Tumor microenvironment influences the efficacy of anti-cancer therapies. The dysfunctional tumor vasculature limits the efficiency of oxygenation and drug delivery to reduce treatment outcome. A concept of tumor vascular normalization (VN), which inhibits angiogenesis to improve vessel maturity, blood perfusion, and oxygenation, has been demonstrated under the anti-angiogenic therapy. The efficiency of drug delivery and penetration is increased by enhancing perfusion and reducing interstitial fluid pressure during the time window of VN. However, anti-angiogenic agents only induce transient VN and then prune vessels to aggravate tumor hypoxia. To repair tumor vessels without altering vessel density, we proposed to induce tumor VN by local oxygen release via oxygen microbubbles with ultrasound. With tumor perfusion enhancement under ultrasound contrast imaging tracing, the time window of VN was defined as 2-8 days after a single oxygen microbubble treatment. The enhanced tumor oxygenation after oxygen microbubble treatment inhibited hypoxia inducible factor-1 alpha (HIF-1α)/vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) pathway to improve the morphology and function of tumor vasculature. The pericyte coverage and Hoechst penetration of tumor vessels increased without any changes to the vessel density. Finally, the intratumoral accumulation of anti-cancer drug doxorubicin could be increased 3-4 folds during tumor VN. These findings demonstrate that regulating tumor oxygenation by oxygen microbubbles could normalize dysfunctional vessels to enhance vascular maturity, blood perfusion, and drug penetration. Furthermore, ultrasound perfusion imaging provides a simple and non-invasive way to detect the VN time window, which increases the feasibility of VN in clinical cancer applications.
3-Trehalosamine, a new disaccharide antibiotic. (1980)

3-Amino-3-deoxy-alpha-D-glucopyranosyl-alpha-D-glucopyranoside (alpha, alpha--3-trehalosamine) was isolated from a culture of Nocardiopsis trehalosei sp. nov. (NRRL 12026). The structure was determined using a combination of spectroscopic techniques on derivatives of the component sugars, especially gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. The compound exhibited antibiotic activity against Gram-positive organisms at levels similar to what was found for the 2- and 4-trehalosamines.
Discovery and Characterization of Inhibitors of <i>Pseudomonas aeruginosa</i> Type III Secretion (2010)

The type III secretion system (T3SS) is a clinically important virulence mechanism in Pseudomonas aeruginosa that secretes and translocates up to four protein toxin effectors into human cells, facilitating the establishment and dissemination of infections. To discover inhibitors of this important virulence mechanism, we developed two cellular reporter assays and applied them to a library of 80,000 compounds. The primary screen was based on the dependence of the transcription of T3SS operons on the T3SS-mediated secretion of a negative regulator and consisted of a transcriptional fusion of the Photorhabdus luminescens luxCDABE operon to the P. aeruginosa exoT effector gene. Secondary assays included direct measurements of the T3SS-mediated secretion of a P. aeruginosa ExoS effector-beta-lactamase fusion protein as well as the detection of the secretion of native ExoS by the sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) analysis of culture supernatants. Five inhibitors in three chemical classes were demonstrated to inhibit type III secretion selectively with minimal cytotoxicity and with no effects on bacterial growth or on the type II-mediated secretion of elastase. These inhibitors also block the T3SS-mediated secretion of a YopE effector-beta-lactamase fusion protein from an attenuated Yersinia pestis strain. The most promising of the inhibitors is a phenoxyacetamide that also blocks the T3SS-mediated translocation of effectors into mammalian cells in culture. Preliminary studies of structure-activity relationships in this phenoxyacetamide series demonstrated a strict requirement for the R-enantiomer at its stereocenter and indicated tolerance for a variety of substituents on one of its two aromatic rings.
An analog front-end circuit with dual-directional SCR ESD protection for UHF-band passive RFID tag (2011)

In this study, we demonstrate an analog front-end (AFE) circuit with ESD protection for a passive RFID tag at UHF-band (860~960 MHz) in a 0.18-μm CMOS technology. A dual-directional silicon-controlled-rectifier (dual-SCR) structure is proposed for the ESD protection under the large-signal operation at the RFID input. With the well-designed dual-SCR, a large trigger voltage (V <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">T</sub> ) of ~16.9 V is obtained. The parasitic capacitance of the ESD block is only ~34 fF, which has virtually no impact on the core circuits at the frequency of interest. The measured ESD levels achieve 3.0-kV human-body-mode (HBM) and 200-V machine-mode (MM), respectively. The RF-DC rectifier in the RFID circuit can generate a stable power supply output about 1.2 V when the RF input power exceeds -7.5 dBm.
Homogeneous Hydrogenation Art of Nitrile Butadiene Rubber: A Review (2013)

Hydrogenation of nitrile butadiene rubber (NBR) is an important research topic in the field of chemical modification of unsaturated polymers. This review provides an overview of the fundamental data, challenges, and recent advances in the research area of homogeneous hydrogenation of NBR. Besides NBR and its hydrogenation product HNBR, some other important elastomers such as styrene butadiene rubber (SBR), polybutadiene rubber (BR), polystyrene-b-polybutadiene-b-polystyrene (SBS block copolymer), and natural rubber (NR) were also involved for the related hydrogenation reactions and characterization. A brief comparison of hydrogenation catalysts including the heterogeneous and homogeneous catalysts was first conducted and the importance of rhodium (Rh) complex catalysts for homogeneous hydrogenation of elastomers was addressed. This article continued to discuss the reaction pathways for realization of the homogeneous hydrogenation of NBR. This was followed by an examination of the microstructures and characterization techniques of NBR and HNBR. After that the recovery/recycle of precious metal catalysts from the reaction substrate, which have been drawing much attention from industrial manufacturers, was reviewed and highlighted in this article. The applications of HNBR were then summarized. In the end, future research directions were suggested.