gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Left-handed mode propagating in the structure composed of metal strips put alternately (2012)

A left-handed material with a simple structure is proposed. The metamaterial is composed of metal strips on both sides of periodic dielectric substrates. The metal strips have both an electric property and a magnetic property. By putting the strips alternately on both sides, a double negative region can be obtained. The dispersion relations and the transmission characteristics are confirmed experimentally. Moreover the propagation characteristics of modes in a composite right/left-handed (CRLH) material are shown.
Protective molecules in Alzheimer's disease: Therapeutic antibodies (2002)

Treatment of Alzheimer's disease by recruiting an immune response against beta-amyloid was suggested by the findings that monoclonal antibodies against beta-amyloid peptide can keep the peptides from aggregating into neurotoxic fibrils and dissolve already formed amyloid. Subsequent beta-amyloid vaccination studies in transgenic mice models of Alzheimer's disease have shown a significant reduction in the number of amyloid plaques and overall amyloid burden and even some improvement in cognitive performance. It is not yet clear if immunization with soluble or fibrillar forms of beta-amyloid peptide will end up being a treatment to prevent or treat Alzheimer's disease. However, various strategies for mobilizing the immune system may be effective toward treatment and prevention of Alzheimer's disease in humans. (c) 2002 Prous Science. All rights reserved.
Mutation spectrum and predicted function of laforin in Lafora’s progressive myoclonus epilepsy (2000)

The identification of mutations in exon 1 of EPM2A establishes its role in the pathogenesis of Lafora's disease. The presence of potential carbohydrate binding and cleaving domains suggest a role for laforin in the prevention of accumulation of polyglucosans in healthy neurons.
Nanostructured Lithium Nickel Manganese Oxides for Lithium-Ion Batteries (2010)

Nanostructured lithium nickel manganese oxides were investigated as advanced positive electrode materials for lithium-ion batteries designated to power plug-in hybrid electric vehicles and all-electric vehicles. The investigation included material characterization and electrochemical testing. In cell tests, the Li(1.375)Ni(0.25)Mn(0.75)O(2.4375) composition achieved high capacity (210 mAh g(-1)) at an elevated rate (230 mA g(-1)), which makes this material a promising candidate for high energy density Li-ion batteries, as does its being cobalt-free and uncoated. The material has spherical morphology with nanoprimary particles embedded in micrometer-sized secondary particles, possesses a multiphase character (spinel and layered), and exhibits a high packing density (over 2 g cm(-3)) that is essential for the design of high energy density positive electrodes. When combined with the Li(4)Ti(5)O(12) stable anode, the cell showed a capacity of 225 mAh g(-1) at the C/3 rate (73 mA g(-1)) with no capacity fading for 200 cycles. Other chemical compositions, Li((1+x))Ni(0.25)Mn(0.75)O((2.25+x/2)) (0.32 < x < 0.65), were also studied, and the relationships among their structural, morphological, and electrochemical properties are reported.
DozyAP (2012)

Wi-Fi tethering (i.e., sharing the Internet connection of a mobile phone via its Wi-Fi interface) is a useful functionality and is widely supported on commercial smartphones. Yet existing Wi-Fi tethering schemes consume excessive power: they keep the Wi-Fi interface in a high power state regardless if there is ongoing traffic or not. In this paper we propose DozyAP to improve the power efficiency of Wi-Fi tethering. Based on measurements in typical applications, we identify many opportunities that a tethering phone could sleep to save power. We design a simple yet reliable sleep protocol to coordinate the sleep schedule of the tethering phone with its clients without requiring tight time synchronization. Furthermore, we develop a two-stage, sleep interval adaptation algorithm to automatically adapt the sleep intervals to ongoing traffic patterns of various applications. DozyAP does not require any changes to the 802.11 protocol and is incrementally deployable through software updates. We have implemented DozyAP on commercial smartphones. Experimental results show that, while retaining comparable user experiences, our implementation can allow the Wi-Fi interface to sleep for up to 88% of the total time in several different applications, and reduce the system power consumption by up to 33% under the restricted programmability of current Wi-Fi hardware.
Způsob detoxikace sulfidického yperitu psobenímhalogenalkandehalogenázami (2005)

This invention relates to method for detoxification of yperite
by using haloalkane dehalogenases (Enzyme Commission number EC
3.8.1.5) as a primary, chemically active component of
decontamination compositions. Decontamination compositions are
designated for detoxification of yperite
(2,2`-dichlorodiethylsulfide) on the surface of military
hardware, transportational, industrial and agricultural
hardware, technical devices and constructional objects
(hereafter instrumentation), peoples or animals skin and
elements of environment (water, soil, sediments and air), that
are contaminated by this highly toxic blistering substance.
Cloning and expression of the Acinetobacter calcoaceticus mutarotase gene in Escherichia coli (1986)

This article describes the cloning of the mutarotase gene from Acinetobacter calcoaceticus and its expression in Escherichia coli. Purification of mutarotase (EC 5.1.3.3) led to a single polypeptide of 40 kilodaltons. The sequences of 27 N-terminal and 76 C-terminal amino acids were determined. From six amino acids of the N-terminal and seven amino acids of the C-terminal portion of the protein, the sequences of two oligonucleotides were deduced. These were synthesized and used as gene probes. Completely restricted chromosomal DNA from A. calcoaceticus was size fractioned, and only fractions hybridizing with the gene probes were used to construct gene banks enriched for the mutarotase determinant. With the N-terminal gene probe, a bank of 6- to 7-kilobase-pair BclI fragments in pBR327 was obtained. A total of 1,200 candidates were screened by colony hybridization followed by dot-blot analysis of purified plasmids from positive candidates and subsequent Southern blot analysis of the respective restricted plasmids, and 500 base pairs (bp) from the 5' end of the mutarotase gene were isolated by this procedure. The 3' portion of the gene was isolated from a gene bank containing 1,500-bp-long HindIII fragments inserted in M13mp11. This bank was screened by dot-blot analysis of single-stranded phage DNA with the C-terminal gene probe. The isolated gene fragments were fused at a common restriction site in their overlapping region to yield the complete mutarotase gene. High-level expression of mutarotase in E. coli was achieved when the gene was placed under transcriptional control of the phage lambda promoter pL. More than 90% of mutarotase activity was found in the culture medium. The E. coli-derived mutarotase was purified and shown to be identical to the A. calcoaceticus-derived product with respect to the molecular weight and N-terminal amino acid sequence. The expression of mutarotase in E. coli was increased 200-fold in comparison to that the wild-type A. calcoaceticus.
Optimizations of Label Switched Path State Synchronization Procedures for a Stateful PCE (2017)

A stateful Path Computation Element (PCE) has access to not only the
information disseminated by the network's Interior Gateway Protocol
(IGP) but also the set of active paths and their reserved resources
for its computation. The additional Label Switched Path (LSP) state
information allows the PCE to compute constrained paths while
considering individual LSPs and their interactions. This requires a
State Synchronization mechanism between the PCE and the network, the
PCE and Path Computation Clients (PCCs), and cooperating PCEs. The
basic mechanism for State Synchronization is part of the stateful PCE
specification. This document presents motivations for optimizations to
the base State Synchronization procedure and specifies the required
Path Computation Element Communication Protocol (PCEP) extensions.
Novel Irreversible Small Molecule Inhibitors of Replication Protein A Display Single-Agent Activity and Synergize with Cisplatin (2011)

Replication protein A (RPA) is a single-strand DNA-binding protein with essential roles in DNA replication, recombination, and repair. It is necessary for the formation of the preincision complex that is required for proper incision of damaged DNA nucleotides during DNA repair. We have previously identified small molecule inhibitors (SMI) with the ability to disrupt RPA-binding activity to ssDNA. Further characterization of these RPA inhibitors was done using both lung and ovarian cancer cell lines. Lung cancer cell lines showed increased apoptotic cell death following treatment with the SMI MCI13E, with IC(50) values of approximately 5 μmol/L. The ovarian cancer cell line A2780 and the p53-null lung cancer cell line H1299 were particularly sensitive to MCI13E treatment, with IC(50) values less than 3 μmol/L. Furthermore, a cell-cycle effect was observed in lung cancer cell lines that resulted in a lengthening of either G(1) or S-phases of the cell cycle following single-agent treatment. Sequential treatment with MCI13E and cisplatin resulted in synergism. Overall, these data suggest that decreasing DNA-binding activity of RPA via a SMI may disrupt the role of RPA in cell-cycle regulation. Thus, SMIs of RPA hold the potential to be used as single-agent chemotherapeutics or in combination with current chemotherapeutic regimens to increase efficacy.
Analysis and Design of an Ultra-Low-Power Bluetooth Low-Energy Transmitter With Ring Oscillator-Based ADPLL and 4$\times$ Frequency Edge Combiner (2019)

In this paper, we present an all-digital ring oscillator (RO)-based Bluetooth low-energy (BLE) transmitter (TX) for ultra-low-power radios in short range Internet-of-Things (IoT) applications. The power consumption of state-of-the-art BLE TXs has been limited by the relatively power-hungry local oscillator (LO) due to the use of LC oscillators for superior phase noise (PN) performance. This paper addresses this issue by analyzing the PN limit of a BLE TX and proposes an RO-based solution for power and cost savings. The proposed transmitter features: 1) a wideband all-digital phase-locked loop (ADPLL) featuring an f <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">RF</sub> /4 RO, with an embedded 5-bit TDC; 2) a 4× frequency edge combiner to generate the 2.4-GHz signal; and 3) a switch-capacitor digital PA optimized for high efficiency at low transmit power levels. These not only help reduce the power consumption and improve PN performance but also enhance the TX efficiency for short range applications. The TX is prototyped in 40-nm CMOS, occupies an active area of 0.0166 mm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> , and consumes 486 μW in its low-power mode, while configured as a non-connectable advertiser. The TX has been validated by wirelessly communicating beacon messages to a mobile phone.
Novel Approaches to Polynuclear Platinum Pro-Drugs. Selective Release of Cytotoxic Platinum−Spermidine Species through Hydrolytic Cleavage of Carbamates (2001)

BBR3464 is a novel trinuclear platinum drug currently in Phase II clinical trials. Polyamine-bridged dinuclear platinum compounds as represented by [[trans-Pt(NH(3))(2)Cl](2)-mu-spermidine-N(1),N(8)]Cl(3) (1) are highly interesting second-generation analogues of BBR3464 because the hydrogen-bonding and electrostatic contributions of the central platinum-amine group in BBR3464 are replicated by the free, noncoordinated "central" quaternary nitrogens of the linear polyamine linker while the presence of two separate Pt-Cl bonds maintains the bifunctional binding mode on the DNA adducts. Preclinical investigations confirm the potency of these species with cytotoxicity in the nanomolar range. This remarkable potency results in a relatively narrow therapeutic index. To enhance the therapeutic index of these drugs, we investigated the potential for "pro-drug" delivery of less toxic and better tolerated derivatives such as the compounds [[trans-Pt(NH(3))(2)Cl](2)-mu-N(4)-R-spermidine-N(1),N(8)]Cl(2) where N(4)-R represents BOC (tert-butyl), CBz (benzyl), and Fmoc (fluorenylmethyl) carbamate blocking groups, 2-4, respectively. The bulky Fmoc derivative showed evidence for conformational isomers by (1)H NMR spectroscopy due to the inequivalence of the two n-propyl and n-butyl side chains of the spermidine moiety. The rate constants for hydrolysis and release of 1 were calculated. Release of cytotoxic 1 at physiologically relevant pH followed the order 4 > 2 > 3. The calculated values for 4 (pH 5, 6.0(+/-3.9) x 10(-10) s(-1); pH 6, 6.5(+/-0.2) x 10(-9) s(-1); pH 7, 6.0(+/-0.2) x 10(-8) s(-1); pH 8, 1.6(+/-0.1) x 10(-7) s(-1)) show a more pronounced pH dependence compared to 2 (pH 5, 4.6(+/-0.1) x 10(-8) s(-1); pH 6, 4.2(+/-0.1) x 10(-8) s(-1); pH 7, 3.2(+/-0.1) x 10(-8) s(-1)). Preliminary biological assays of cellular uptake and cytotoxicity confirm the utility of the pro-drug concept. While blocked-polyamine compounds such as 2-4 are, in general, 2-3 orders of magnitude less cytotoxic than 1, there is significant cell type variability. Specifically, the Fmoc derivative 4 showed significantly enhanced cytotoxicity warranting further study of the pro-drug concept for greater selectivity and/or oral delivery.
Photosensitivity in optical fiber and silica-on-substrate waveguides (1993)

Ultraviolet light irradiation of optical fibers or silica-on-silica channel optical waveguides photoinduces a permanent refractive index change in the core of the optical waveguide. The effect called `photosensitivity' provides a versatile photolithographic means for processing glass in the form of optical fiber or planar optical waveguides in order to fabricate optical waveguide devices that have applications in optical fiber communications and optical sensor systems. This paper reports on some recent experimental results on photosensitivity in optical fibers and planar optical waveguides and its use in the fabrication of optical waveguide devices.
Rapid spectral-domain localization (2013)

We present a method to dynamically image structures at nanometer spatial resolution with far-field instruments. We propose the use of engineered nanoprobes with distinguishable spectral responses and the measurement of coherent scattering, rather than fluorescence. Approaches such as PALM/STORM have relied on the rarity of emission events in time to distinguish signals from distinct probes. By distinguishing signals in the spectral domain, we enable the acquisition of data in a multiplex fashion and thus circumvent the fundamental problem of slow data acquisition of current techniques. The described method has the potential to image dynamic systems with a spatial resolution only limited to the size of the scattering probes.
Mid-infrared quantum cascade lasers (2002)

The achievement of laser action associated with intersubband transitions opens the door to a new class of infrared sources in a technologically important spectral region. Recently, we have demonstrated low temperature lasing action using a coupled-well structure with a graded-gap electron injector imbedded in a waveguide. In this work, we demonstrate high temperature (125K) operation of a similar GaInAs QW laser device.
Optimal experiment design for magnetic resonance fingerprinting (2016)

Magnetic resonance (MR) fingerprinting is an emerging quantitative MR imaging technique that simultaneously acquires multiple tissue parameters in an efficient experiment. In this work, we present an estimation-theoretic framework to evaluate and design MR fingerprinting experiments. More specifically, we derive the Cramér-Rao bound (CRB), a lower bound on the covariance of any unbiased estimator, to characterize parameter estimation for MR fingerprinting. We then formulate an optimal experiment design problem based on the CRB to choose a set of acquisition parameters (e.g., flip angles and/or repetition times) that maximizes the signal-to-noise ratio efficiency of the resulting experiment. The utility of the proposed approach is validated by numerical studies. Representative results demonstrate that the optimized experiments allow for substantial reduction in the length of an MR fingerprinting acquisition, and substantial improvement in parameter estimation performance.
Cross-Linked Micellar Spherical Nucleic Acids from Thermoresponsive Templates (2017)

A one-pot synthesis of micellar spherical nucleic acid (SNA) nanostructures using Pluronic F127 as a thermoresponsive template is reported. These novel constructs are synthesized in a chemically straightforward process that involves intercalation of the lipid tails of DNA amphiphiles (CpG motifs for TLR-9 stimulation) into the hydrophobic regions of Pluronic F127 micelles, followed by chemical cross-linking and subsequent removal of non-cross-linked structures. The dense nucleic acid shell of the resulting cross-linked micellar SNA enhances their stability in physiological media and facilitates their rapid cellular internalization, making them effective TLR-9 immunomodulatory agents. These constructs underscore the potential of SNAs in regulating immune response and address the relative lack of stability of noncovalent constructs.
Efficient and stable laser-driven white lighting (2013)

Laser-based white lighting offers a viable option as an efficient and color-stable high-power solid-state white light source. We show that white light generation is possible using blue or near-UV laser diodes in combination with yellow-emitting cerium-substituted yttrium aluminum garnet (YAG:Ce) or a mixture of red-, green-, and blue-emitting phosphors. A variety of correlated color temperatures (CCT) are achieved, ranging from cool white light with a CCT of 4400 K using a blue laser diode to a warm white light with a CCT of 2700 K using a near-UV laser diode, with respective color rendering indices of 57 and 95. The luminous flux of these devices are measured to be 252 lm and 53 lm with luminous efficacies of 76 lm/W and 19 lm/W, respectively. An estimation of the maximum efficacy of a device comprising a blue laser diode in combination with YAG:Ce is calculated and the results are used to optimize the device.
A high-throughput 5 Gbps timing and jitter test module featuring localized processing (2005)

A compact timing and jitter test system that leverages custom integrated circuit measurement methods and localized test result processing is presented. It consists of five timing measurement units (TMU) and five timing generation units (TGU) as well as hardware digital processing units for local test result processing or parameter extraction. The TMU channels rely on a component-invariant vernier-delay measurement circuit and the TGU channels rely on linear programmable delay circuitry. The system supports both LVDS and CML highspeed digital interface standards at rates of up to 5 Gbps. This solution occupies 3"/spl times/4" of board area, which makes it suitable for placement on the DUT-board. It has a relative delay generation resolution of 3 ps at 5 Gbps, and is capable of autonomous, platform-independent pass-fail testing.
Teaching machines to understand data science code by semantic enrichment\n of dataflow graphs (2018)

Your computer is continuously executing programs, but does it really\nunderstand them? Not in any meaningful sense. That burden falls upon human\nknowledge workers, who are increasingly asked to write and understand code.\nThey deserve to have intelligent tools that reveal the connections between code\nand its subject matter. Towards this prospect, we develop an AI system that\nforms semantic representations of computer programs, using techniques from\nknowledge representation and program analysis. To create the representations,\nwe introduce an algorithm for enriching dataflow graphs with semantic\ninformation. The semantic enrichment algorithm is undergirded by a new ontology\nlanguage for modeling computer programs and a new ontology about data science,\nwritten in this language. Throughout the paper, we focus on code written by\ndata scientists and we locate our work within a larger movement towards\ncollaborative, open, and reproducible science.\n
SiC thin-film thermistor (1982)

A thermistor using a sputtered SiC film has been developed as a temperature-sensing device which is able to detect temperatures accurately over the wide range of 30-300 degrees C. The thermistor has a unique characteristic in that the B constant increases linearly with an increase of temperature. The typical values of the B constant increase from 1950K at 50 degrees C to 3080K at 250 degrees C. From this unique characteristic, the temperature dependence of resistance was calculated with high accuracy by an experimental equation. The thermistor consists of a thermistor element and a package. The thermistor element comprises the SiC film temperature sensor. The package comprises a small glass tube in which the thermistor element is sealed hermetically. The characteristics of the thermistor are very stable for long periods under various test conditions.
Neutralizing Antibodies Against Adeno-Associated Viral Capsids in Patients with <i>mut</i> Methylmalonic Acidemia (2016)

Isolated methylmalonic acidemia (MMA), a group of autosomal recessive inborn errors of metabolism, is most commonly caused by complete (mut(0)) or partial (mut(-)) deficiency of the enzyme methylmalonyl-CoA mutase (MUT). The severe metabolic instability and increased mortality experienced by many affected individuals, especially those with mut(0) MMA, has led centers to use elective liver transplantation as a treatment for these patients. We have previously demonstrated the efficacy of systemic adeno-associated viral (AAV) gene delivery as a treatment for MMA in a murine model and therefore sought to survey AAV antibody titers against serotypes 2, 8, and 9 in a group of well-characterized MMA patients, accrued via a dedicated natural history study ( clinicaltrials.gov ID: NCT00078078). Plasma samples provided by 42 patients (8 mut(-) and 34 mut(0); 10 had received organ transplantation), who ranged in age between 2 and 31 years, were analyzed to examine AAV2 (n = 35), AAV8 (n = 41), and AAV9 (n = 42) antibody titers. In total, the seroprevalence of antibodies against AAV2, AAV8, or AAV9 was 20%, 22%, and 24%, respectively. We observed a lower-than-expected seropositivity rate (titers ≥1:20) in the pediatric MMA patients (2-18 years) for both AAV2 (p < 0.05) and AAV8 (p < 0.01) neutralizing antibodies (NAbs) compared with historical controls. Those with positive NAb titers were typically older than 18 years (p < 0.05 all serotypes) or had received solid organ transplantation (p < 0.01 AAV8, AAV9). The mut(0) patients who had not been transplanted (n = 24)-that is, the subset with the greatest need for improved treatments-represented the seronegative majority, with 21 out of 24 patients lacking Abs against all AAV capsids tested. The unexpected lack of NAbs against AAV in this patient population has encouraging implications for systemic gene delivery as a treatment for mut MMA.