gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
New insights into <scp>HLA</scp>‐G mediated tolerance (2014)

Human Leukocyte Antigen G (HLA-G) is a nonclassical HLA class I molecule with well-characterized immunomodulatory activities. HLA-G was first described as a regulatory molecule that allows the fetus to elude the maternal immune response. In the last decade it has become evident that HLA-G is involved in modulating both innate and adaptive immune responses, in maintaining tolerance in autoimmune and inflammatory diseases and after transplantation, and in promoting immune escape in cancer and infectious diseases. HLA-G exerts its modulatory/regulatory functions directly by interacting with specific inhibitory receptors. The expression of HLA-G is finely tuned by genetic variations in the noncoding region of the locus. The recent discovery of dendritic cells-10 (DC-10) as naturally occurring HLA-G-expressing dendritic cells opens new perspectives in the identification of the molecular and cellular mechanisms underlying HLA-G-mediated tolerance. An overview on the HLA-G-mediated inhibition of innate and adaptive immune cells, on the genetic influence on HLA-G expression, and on HLA-G-expressing DC-10 is presented. Moreover, we discuss the central and critical role of DC-10 in the HLA-G-mediated tolerance.
Studies on <i>O</i>‐glycans of <i>Plasmodium‐falciparum</i>‐infected human erythrocytes Evidence for <i>O</i>‐GlcNAc and <i>O</i>‐GlcNAc‐transferase in malaria parasites (1993)

O-Glycosylation is the major form of protein glycosylation in human erythrocytes infected with the asexual intraerythrocytic stage of the malaria parasite. Plasmodium falciparum. This study compares aspects of O-glycosylation in P. falciparum-infected and uninfected erythrocytes. Non-labeled and metabolically glucosamine-labeled O-glycans were obtained from the protein fraction of infected or uninfected erythrocytes by beta elimination. Additional label was introduced by reduction with sodium borohydride, or by the attachment of radioactive Gal to peripheral GlcNAc using galactosyltransferase. 2-4-times more labeled O-glycans were obtained from infected erythrocytes compared to the same number of uninfected ones, consistent with additional biosynthesis by the parasite. Our analysis of these O-glycans showed no significant qualitative divergence between the O-glycans of the infected and those of the uninfected red cell. According to preliminary alditol analyses, the O-glycans of P. falciparum-infected red cells do not contain GalNAc at their reducing terminus. Moreover, GalNAc was not synthesized by P. falciparum from either Glc, Gal, GlcN or GalN. At least one O-glycan found in P. falciparum-infected erythrocytes contains GlcNAc at its reducing terminus. Gel-filtration results had suggested the presence of O-GlcNAc on proteins in the infected erythrocyte. Probing with a synthetic pentapeptide, we could show that P. falciparum expresses its own O-GlcNAc transferase during intraerythrocytic development. Using this peptide, the enzyme was characterized to some degree. The localization and function of O-GlcNAc in P. falciparum remains to be elucidated.
Sensor Fusion-Based Vacant Parking Slot Detection and Tracking (2013)

This paper proposes a vacant parking slot detection and tracking system that fuses the sensors of an Around View Monitor (AVM) system and an ultrasonic sensor-based automatic parking system. The proposed system consists of three stages: parking slot marking detection, parking slot occupancy classification, and parking slot marking tracking. The parking slot marking detection stage recognizes various types of parking slot markings using AVM image sequences. It detects parking slots in individual AVM images by exploiting a hierarchical tree structure of parking slot markings and combines sequential detection results. The parking slot occupancy classification stage identifies vacancies of detected parking slots using ultrasonic sensor data. Parking slot occupancy is probabilistically calculated by treating each parking slot region as a single cell of the occupancy grid. The parking slot marking tracking stage continuously estimates the position of the selected parking slot while the ego-vehicle is moving into it. During tracking, AVM images and motion sensor-based odometry are fused together in the chamfer score level to achieve robustness against inevitable occlusions caused by the ego-vehicle. In the experiments, it is shown that the proposed method can recognize the positions and occupancies of various types of parking slot markings and stably track them under practical situations in a real-time manner. The proposed system is expected to help drivers conveniently select one of the available parking slots and support the parking control system by continuously updating the designated target positions.
Tafenoquine inhibits replication of SARS-Cov-2 at pharmacologically relevant concentrations <i>in vitro</i> (2020)

ABSTRACT Tafenoquine [TQ] exhibited EC50/90s of ~ 2.6/5.1 μM against SARS-CoV-2 in VERO E6 cells and was 4-fold more potent than hydroxychloroquine [HCQ]. Time-of-addition experiments were consistent with a different mechanism for TQ v HCQ. Physiologically based pharmacokinetic (PBPK) modeling suggested that lung unbound concentrations of TQ in COVID-19 patients may exceed the EC90 for at least 8 weeks after administration. The therapeutic potential for TQ in management of COVID-19 should be further evaluated.
Monte Carlo methods (2013)

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Synthesis, Electrochemical and Spectroelectrochemical Properties of Viologen Derivative of PEDOT (2004)

Poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) (PEDOT) is a highly conductive, low band gap (1.6 eV) polymer. In the oxidized state, thin films of PEDOT are stable and nearly transparent. We present here a derivative of EDOT, a new compound, 1-methyl-1'(6-(2,3-dihydrothieno[3,4-b][1,4]-dioxine-2-yl-methoxy)-hexyl)-4,4'-bipyridylium bis(hexafluorophosphorane). During electro-polymerization it forms a polymer combining good electrochemical and electrical properties of PEDOT with redox and electrochromic properties of viologen. The monomer was also copolymerized with EDOT. The stability of these polymers was examined using cyclic voltammetry (CV). The CV curves of the thin films of PEDOTM-C 6 -V 2 + 2PF - 6 and the copolymer obtained in the solution of the pure electrolyte have proved the existence of the characteristic, reversible redox system at -0.50 V that is assigned to the viologen radical cation.
Why English? The cultural foundation (2003)

‘I have undertaken to write a grammar of English’, says John Wallis in the preface to his Grammar of the English language, ‘because there is clearly a great demand for it from foreigners, who want to be able to understand the various important works which are written in our tongue.’ And he goes on: ‘all kinds of literature are widely available in English editions, and, without boasting, it can be said that there is scarcely any worthwhile body of knowledge which has not been recorded today, adequately at least, in the English language’.
An intercomparison of oceanic methane and nitrous oxide measurements (2018)

Abstract. Large scale climatic forcing is impacting oceanic biogeochemical cycles and is expected to influence the water-column distribution of trace gases including methane and nitrous oxide. Our ability as a scientific community to evaluate changes in the water-column inventories of methane and nitrous oxide depends largely on our capacity to obtain robust and accurate concentration measurements which can be validated across different laboratory groups. This study represents the first formal, international, intercomparison of oceanic methane and nitrous oxide measurements whereby participating laboratories received batches of seawater samples from the subtropical Pacific and the Baltic Sea. Additionally, compressed gas standards from the same calibration scale were distributed to the majority of participating laboratories to improve the analytical accuracy of the gas measurements. The computations used by each laboratory to derive the dissolved gas concentrations were also evaluated for inconsistencies (e.g. pressure and temperature corrections, solubility constants). The results from the intercomparison and intercalibration exercises provided invaluable insights into methane and nitrous oxide measurements. It was observed that analyses of seawater samples with the lowest concentrations of methane and nitrous oxide had the lowest precisions. In comparison, while the analytical precision for samples with the highest concentrations of trace gases was better, the variability between the different laboratories was higher; 36 % for methane and 27 % for nitrous oxide. In addition, the comparison of different batches of seawater samples with methane and nitrous oxide concentrations that ranged over an order of magnitude revealed the ramifications of different calibration procedures for each trace gas. Overall, this paper builds upon the intercomparison results to develop a framework for improving oceanic methane and nitrous oxide measurements, with the aim of precluding future analytical discrepancies between laboratories.
Disease Progression and Yield Losses from Root Diseases Caused by Soilborne Pathogens of Spinach (1992)

Severity of spinach diseases caused by soilborne pathogens, mainly Aphanomycyces cochlioides, but also Phytophthora cryptogea, Pythium spp., and Fusarium spp., was determined in a total of 2.1 commercial fields located in southern Sweden. Disease progress curves increased rapidly from emergence to when the cotyledons and the first pair of true leaves were fully developed. Thereafter, disease did not increase. A field disease severity index (ranging from 0 to 100), read after plant developmental stage 2 (one true leaf pair), was correlated with spinach yield (...)
Stop helping me - I'm bored! (2015)

With the demographic change and a generally increasing product complexity, there is a growing demand for assistance technology to cognitively support workers during industrial production processes. Many approaches including head-mounted displays, smart gloves, or in-situ projections have been suggested to provide cognitive support for the workers. Recently, research focused on improving the cognitive feedback by using activity recognition to make it context-aware. Thereby an assistance technology is able to detect work steps and provide additional feedback in case the worker makes mistakes. However, when designing feedback for a rather monotonous task, such as product assembly, it should be designed in a way it does neither over-challenge nor under-challenge the worker. In this paper, we sketch out requirements for providing cognitive assistance at the workplace that can adapt to the worker's needs in real-time. Further, we discuss challenges and provide design suggestions.
Corruption and corruption control: An introduction (2009)

Corruption and control of corruption have become a focal concern in developed and developing countries. European countries - where corruption for a long time had been thought to present a plague strictly confined to underdeveloped countries - now are recognizing eminent dangers of corruption and an urgent need to control corrupt practices in the political, administrative and economic system. The Council of Europe has declared corruption a key political issue in Europe and stresses the links between corruption on the one hand and organized and serious economic crime on the other hand. However, one can say that also governments in European countries and elsewhere have (re)discovered the enormous moral, emotional and symbolic value of declaring wars against corruption. This becomes evident when for instance in the LIMA declaration corruption is depicted as a cancer, as something which has to be eradicated completely and as a disease like social phenomenon which threatens the social fabric at large. Other voices declare corruption to represent an attack on the “heart of the state”. In particular the view that corruption is closely linked to organized and transnational crime and that control of corruption should also be part of a medicine against organized crime at large has fueled attempts to strengthen repressive and preventive policies against corruption. This has led also to see corruption not only as a threat to proper public administration and law enforcement and effective anti-corruption policies as a precondition of good governance, but as a strategic instrument used by organized crime groups to establish parallel worlds and a system of impunity. Increased media attention certainly is contributing to the growing awareness of problems of corruption and corruption control. The European Union has expressed interest in corruption control in particular with a view of protecting the system of European subsidies and the European Union’s budget. However, corruption evidently exists without organized crime and without supranational opportunities to deviate funds from supranational budgets. While control of corruption and bribery for most of the 20th Century was conceived as a task entrusted to national law enforcement and national criminal justice systems, in the last two decades of the 20th Century – following the discourse on transnational organized crime – corruption control became an issue with an European, international and transnational dimension. Transnational corruption was raised as a problem in particular through the US Foreign Corrupt Practices Act 1977 which – after an extended multilateral discourse – initiated drafting and enactment of similar legislation in industrialized countries.
Polarized Light (2011)

Polarized light is a pervasive influence in our world—and scientists and engineers in a variety of fields require the tools to understand, measure, and apply it to their advantage. Offering an in-depth examination of the subject and a description of its applications, Polarized Light, Third Edition serves as a comprehensive self-study tool complete with an extensive mathematical analysis of the Mueller matrix and coverage of Maxwell’s equations. Links Historical Developments to Current Applications and Future Innovations This book starts with a general description of light and continues with a complete exploration of polarized light, including how it is produced and its practical applications. The author incorporates basic topics, such as polarization by refraction and reflection, polarization elements, anisotropic materials, polarization formalisms (Mueller–Stokes and Jones) and associated mathematics, and polarimetry, or the science of polarization measurement. New to the Third Edition: A new introductory chapter Chapters on: polarized light in nature, and form birefringence A review of the history of polarized light, and a chapter on the interference laws of Fresnel and Arago—both completely re-written A new appendix on conventions used in polarized light New graphics, and black-and-white photos and color plates Divided into four parts, this book covers the fundamental concepts and theoretical framework of polarized light. Next, it thoroughly explores the science of polarimetry, followed by discussion of polarized light applications. The author concludes by discussing how our polarized light framework is applied to physics concepts, such as accelerating charges and quantum systems. Building on the solid foundation of the first two editions, this book reorganizes and updates existing material on fundamentals, theory, polarimetry, and applications. It adds new chapters, graphics, and color photos, as well as a new appendix on conventions used in polarized light. As a result, the author has re-established this book’s lofty status in the pantheon of literature on this important field.
Exogenous Surfactant Therapy for Pediatric Patients with Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome (1997)

Exogenous surfactant administration is currently being tested in patients with the acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). The results of the studies have varied because several factors may influence the host’s response to this therapy. This clinical pilot study was designed to evaluate the safety and efficacy of exogenous surfactant administration in pediatric patients with ARDS. Surfactant was administered to 13 patients with severe lung dysfunction, and eight of these patients experienced a significant improvement in oxygenation after the first dose of surfactant. In these patients the exogenous surfactant was administered within 48 h of the diagnosis of ARDS, whereas in the five patients who did not respond, surfactant was administered several days after the onset of ARDS. Responders also spent fewer days on a mechanical ventilator and less time in intensive care compared with nonresponders. Based on the results of this pilot study, a more appropriate multicentre clinical trial should be designed to evaluate this treatment strategy.
Automatic segmentation of the prostate in 3D MR images by atlas matching using localized mutual information (2008)

An automatic method for delineating the prostate (including the seminal vesicles) in three-dimensional magnetic resonance scans is presented. The method is based on nonrigid registration of a set of prelabeled atlas images. Each atlas image is nonrigidly registered with the target patient image. Subsequently, the deformed atlas label images are fused to yield a single segmentation of the patient image. The proposed method is evaluated on 50 clinical scans, which were manually segmented by three experts. The Dice similarity coefficient (DSC) is used to quantify the overlap between the automatic and manual segmentations. We investigate the impact of several factors on the performance of the segmentation method. For the registration, two similarity measures are compared: Mutual information and a localized version of mutual information. The latter turns out to be superior (median DeltaDSC approximately equal 0.02, p < 0.01 with a paired two-sided Wilcoxon test) and comes at no added computational cost, thanks to the use of a novel stochastic optimization scheme. For the atlas fusion step we consider a majority voting rule and the "simultaneous truth and performance level estimation" algorithm, both with and without a preceding atlas selection stage. The differences between the various fusion methods appear to be small and mostly not statistically significant (p > 0.05). To assess the influence of the atlas composition, two atlas sets are compared. The first set consists of 38 scans of healthy volunteers. The second set is constructed by a leave-one-out approach using the 50 clinical scans that are used for evaluation. The second atlas set gives substantially better performance (DeltaDSC=0.04, p < 0.01), stressing the importance of a careful atlas definition. With the best settings, a median DSC of around 0.85 is achieved, which is close to the median interobserver DSC of 0.87. The segmentation quality is especially good at the prostate-rectum interface, where the segmentation error remains below 1 mm in 50% of the cases and below 1.5 mm in 75% of the cases.
A rule-based VLSI process flow validation system with macroscopic process simulation (1990)

As the integration scale of very large-scale integration (VLSI) circuits increases, it is becoming increasingly difficult to design long and complex process flows because there is a great amount of knowledge required in VLSI process technology. To assist in process-flow design, a rule-based validation system has been developed. This system checks designed process flows by using process knowledge related to contamination, cleaning methods, and the various constraints between the wafer structure and the process or equipment. It can point out error conditions that lead to such destructive results as contamination of the process equipment. The system applies process knowledge, expressed as if/then rules, to the process conditions and to macroscopic wafer structures derived from rule-based simulation. Due to the complexity of VLSI multilayered structures, information related to wafer structure is very important. This information can be obtained by rule-based simulation of such various macroscopic attributes of wafer structure as substance, contamination, and layer thickness. The validation system can precisely check various process flows and substantially improve the efficiency and quality of process-flow design.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
A Novel Wearable EEG and ECG Recording System for Stress Assessment (2019)

Suffering from continuous stress can lead to serious psychological and even physical disorders. Objective stress assessment methods using noninvasive physiological responses such as heart rate variability (HRV) and electroencephalograms (EEG) have therefore been proposed for effective stress management. In this study, a novel wearable device that can measure electrocardiograms (ECG) and EEG simultaneously was designed to enable continuous stress monitoring in daily life. The developed system is easily worn by hanging from both ears, is lightweight (i.e., 42.5 g), and exhibits an excellent noise performance of 0.12 μVrms. Significant time and frequency features of HRV and EEG were found in two different stressors, namely the Stroop color word and mental arithmetic tests, using 14 young subjects. Stressor situations were classified using various HRV and EEG feature selections and a support vector machine technique. The five-fold cross-validation results obtained when using both EEG and HRV features showed the best performance with an accuracy of 87.5%, which demonstrated the requirement for simultaneous HRV and EEG measurements.
Expression of Crisp‐1 mRNA Splice Variants in the Rat Epididymis, and Comparative Analysis of the Rat and Mouse Crisp‐1 Gene Regulatory Regions (2001)

The rat Crisp-1 gene encodes Protein DE (acidic epididymal glycoprotein; AEG), a glycoprotein secreted by the epididymal epithelium that associates with maturing sperm and has been implicated in the process of sperm-egg fusion. Previous characterization of the Crisp-1 messenger RNA in the rat epididymis has demonstrated the presence of 3 splice variants (Klemme et at, 1999). This study was undertaken to determine if expression of the Crisp-1 splice variants in the rat epididymis is region-specific and correlates with the region-specific pattern of synthesis of the D and E forms of the Crisp-1 protein. Expression of each of the splice variants was shown by RNase protection assays to be under the control of androgens, but they are not differentially regulated either within the epididymal segments or along the length of the organ. The reported structure of the mouse Crisp-1 gene does not include an exon that is equivalent to the rat exon 1, suggesting that the rat splice variants cannot exist in the mouse and may be specific to the rat. Furthermore, the mouse transcription start site is situated in a different region of the gene than in the rat. In this study, a comparison of the mouse and rat genes in the region flanking the mouse exon 1 and the rat exon 2 (within the rat intron 1) shows greater than 80% sequence identity, including the conservation of several putative androgen receptor binding sites. In addition, the rat gene is shown to have a corrupted TATA box in intron 1 that corresponds to the TATA box located in the mouse gene. These observations explain the preferential transcription for the mouse gene in this region, while the predominant start site for the rat gene is 5' of the upstream exon 1. Although an exon corresponding to the rat exon 1 has not been found in the mouse gene, reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction experiments using mouse epididymal RNA suggest that such an exon exists in the mouse gene and is transcribed at low frequency.