gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Generation and characterization of human anti-human IL-21 neutralizing monoclonal antibodies (2012)

Interleukin-21 (IL-21) is a type I four-helical bundle cytokine that exerts a variety of significant effects on many hematopoietic cells, including T and B lymphocytes and natural killer cells. IL-21 is produced predominantly by CD4+ T cells and natural killer T cells and, when aberrantly overexpressed, appears to play important roles in a wide variety of autoimmune disorders. To generate potential therapeutic reagents capable of inhibiting IL-21 for clinical use, we immunized human immunoglobulin transgenic mice with IL-21 and then identified and cloned a panel of human anti-human IL-21 binding monoclonal antibodies. IL-21 neutralizing and IL-21-binding, non-neutralizing antibodies were assigned to distinct epitope "bins" based on surface plasmon resonance competition studies. The most potent neutralizing antibodies had extremely high (sub pM) affinity for IL-21 and were able to block IL-21 activity in various biological assays using either an IL-21R-transfected pre-B-cell line or primary human B cells, and their neutralizing activity was, in some cases, superior to that of a soluble form of the high affinity heterodimeric IL-21 receptor. Characterization of this panel of IL-21 antibodies provided the basis for the selection of a therapeutic candidate antibody capable of inhibiting IL-21 activity for the treatment of autoimmune and inflammatory diseases.
Probabilistic Diagnosis of Thermal Plants Condition (2006)

A thermal plant (such as a gas turbine) is a system subject to considerable stress, which causes creep and fatigue. The condition of each component-and therefore the overall plant performance-invariably degrades with operation time, until it is partially restored by some maintenance action. We present a pro-active solution for localizing and tracking the origin of the plant faults (compressor fouling, turbine erosion, etc.). The diagnosis is obtained by analyzing the observed symptoms (performance degradation in efficiency, flow capacity, etc.). The solution uses a probabilistic approach to compute on-line the probabilities of the potential origins of the faults given the latest process information. The updated probabilities encapsulate all the condition information and quantify how likely each fault origin is, thereby providing crucial input to risk-based planning of machine operation and maintenance
Long-range Alpha Detector (1992)

Historically, alpha-particle detectors have been limited by the very short range of alpha particles in air. This results in a number of problems inherent to alpha contamination detectors, such as relatively poor sensitivity, geometry limitations, and inefficient monitoring techniques. In this paper, we document tests of a new long-range alpha detector. The charges generated by the interaction of alpha particles with air can be transported over significant distances (several meters) in a moving current of air generated by a small fan. An ion chamber located in front of the fan measures the current carried by the moving ions and, hence, detects the alpha decays.
Activating qualified thesaurus terms for automatic indexing with taxonomy-based WSD (2014)

Many thesauri contain a number of descriptors consisting of the term proper plus a sux in brackets meant to explain the term’s intended interpretation. For instance, the MeSH thesaurus contains a term Polymorphism (Genetics). For dierent thesauri, these terms account for 1%-5% of all descriptors. For automatic indexing based on recognizing term occurrences in free text, these terms are practically useless |free text never or very rarely contains term references of this form. A naive text annotation method, matching these terms with their bracketed qualiers stripped o (the ‘bare’ terms) results in frequently wrong interpretations. We investigated to what extent short forms of qualied terms (viz. Polymorphism) can be disambiguated by looking for concepts in their textual environment that are ontologically related to the represented concepts (in casu, Genetic Polymorphism), or to the concepts used to qualify (Genetics). Using the NLP framework of the Elsevier Fingerprint Engine r we created a set-up to test
Renaturation of Recombinant<i>Treponema pallidum</i>Rare Outer Membrane Protein 1 into a Trimeric, Hydrophobic, and Porin-Active Conformation (1999)

We have previously observed that while native Treponema pallidum rare outer membrane protein 1 (Tromp1) is hydrophobic and has porin activity, recombinant forms of Tromp1 do not possess these properties. In this study we show that these properties are determined by conformation and can be replicated by proper renaturation of recombinant Tromp1. Native Tromp1, but not the 47-kDa lipoprotein, extracted from whole organisms by using Triton X-114, was found to lose hydrophobicity after treatment in 8 M urea, indicating that Tromp1's hydrophobicity is conformation dependent. Native Tromp1 was purified from 0.1% Triton X-100 extracts of whole organisms by fast-performance liquid chromatography (FPLC) and shown to have porin activity in planar lipid bilayers. Cross-linking studies of purified native Tromp1 with an 11 A cross-linking agent showed oligomeric forms consistent with dimers and trimers. For renaturation studies of recombinant Tromp1 (rTromp1), a 31,109-Da signal-less construct was expressed in Escherichia coli and purified by FPLC. FPLC-purified rTromp1 was denatured in 8 M urea and then renatured in the presence of 0.5% Zwittergent 3,14 during dialysis to remove the urea. Renatured rTromp1 was passed through a Sephacryl S-300 gel exclusion column previously calibrated with known molecular weight standards. While all nonrenatured rTromp1 eluted from the column at approximately the position of the carbonic anhydrase protein standard (29 kDa), all renatured rTromp1 eluted at the position of the phosphorylase b protein standard (97 kDa), suggesting a trimeric conformation. Trimerization was confirmed by using an 11 A cross-linking agent which showed both dimers and trimers similar to that of native Tromp1. Triton X-114 phase separations showed that all of renatured rTromp1, but none of nonrenatured rTromp1, phase separated exclusively into the hydrophobic detergent phase, similar to native Tromp1. Circular dichroism of nonrenatured and renatured rTromp1 showed a marked loss in alpha-helical secondary structure of renatured rTromp1 compared to the nonrenatured form. Finally, renatured rTromp1, but not the nonrenatured form, showed porin activity in planar liquid bilayers. These results demonstrate that proper folding of rTromp1 results in a trimeric, hydrophobic, and porin-active conformation similar to that of the native protein.
Performance of polymer light-emitting diodes with saturated red-emitting poly(fluorine-co-4,7-dithien-2-yl-2,1,3-benzothiadiazole-carbazole or triphenylamine) (2005)

Since electron or hole injection is a limiting factor for most electroluminescen t polymers, a matching of the work function of cathodes and anodes and the LUMO ＼HOMO energy level of polymers is one of the important factors for high perform ance polymer light emitting devices. In this paper, we report the effect of the cathodes on the performance of the device based on saturated red emitter, three- component copolymer poly (fluorine-co-4, 7-dithien-2-yl-2, 1,3-benzothiadiazole- carbazole or triphenylamine) copolymers. By thermal deposition in combination wi th spin-coating of electron injection layer, we investigated the influence of va rious cathode meterials with different ionization potentials in order to optimiz e the balance of the electron and hole injection. The external quantum efficien cy reached 1.49% with luminance 466cd/m2，the EL spectrum peak is loc ated at 657nm with the color coordinate: x=0.69, y=0.30 for PFO-5Cz-15DBT.
Translating queries into snippets for improved query expansion (2008)

User logs of search engines have recently been applied successfully to improve various aspects of web search quality. In this paper, we will apply pairs of user queries and snippets of clicked results to train a machine translation model to bridge the "lexical gap" between query and document space. We show that the combination of a query-to-snippet translation model with a large n-gram language model trained on queries achieves improved contextual query expansion compared to a system based on term correlations.
Cr(VI) resistance and reduction in Shewanella alga, strain bry (1995)

The dissimilatory metal-reducing microorganism Shewanella alga strain BrY was used to study dissimilatory Cr(VI) reduction, Strain BrY produced a terminal reductase which could reduce Cr(VI), but Cr(VI) was toxic to this organism under growth conditions. A Cr(VI)-resistant mutant was isolated by exposing BrY to gradually increasing concentrations of Cr(VI). This mutant, designated strain BrY-MT, had a minimum inhibitory concentration of 8 mM Cr(VI),which was 30 fold greater than that of strain BrY. The Cr(VI)-sensitive strain BrY took up 2.4 times more {sup 51}CrO{sub 4}{sup 2-} than the Cr(VI)-resistant strain BrY-MT. The initial rate of {sup 51}CrO{sub 4}{sup 2-} uptake by BrY was 41.3 pmol/min./mg protein, while the intial rate of {sup 51}CrO{sub 4}{sup 2-} uptake by strain BrY-MT was 9.92 pmol/min/mg protein. Aerobic growth of either BrY or BrY-MT in the presence of Cr(VI) was enhanced by the addition of SO{sub 4}{sup 2-} and inhibited by the addition of djenkolic acid. BrY-MT produced an active Cr(VI) reductase, but did not reduce Cr(VI) under aerobic conditions. Strain BrY-MT gained energy to support anaerobic growth by coupling the oxidation of lactate to the reduction of Cr(VI), It is the first organism shown to grow with Cr(VI) as the sole terminal electron acceptor,more » and thus may be a useful organism for Cr(VI) bioremediation.« less
A Floating Sleeve Antenna Yields Localized Hepatic Microwave Ablation (2006)

We report a novel coaxial antenna for hepatic microwave ablation. This device uses a floating sleeve, that is, a metal conductor electrically isolated from the outer connector of the antenna coaxial body, to achieve a highly localized specific absorption rate pattern that is independent of insertion depth. This floating sleeve coaxial dipole antenna has low power reflection in the 2.4-GHz IMS band. Ex vivo experiments confirm our numerical simulation results. Index Terms-Ablation, coaxial aperture antennas, finite element methods, floating sleeve, microwave heating.
Impact of memristor switching noise in a neuromorphic crossbar (2015)

Many existing memristor models have a direct relationship between resistance change and the voltage pulse applied. However, this results in a memristor model that can be tuned nearly to a floating point value if a small enough voltage pulse is applied. This paper discusses how noise can be added to the dynamic resistive switching component of a memristor model in SPICE. The proposed memristor model has a tunable degree of stochastic behavior during switching. Therefore, each time an identical voltage pulse is applied to a memristor device, a varying amount of resistance change will occur. This provides a much more realistic model of memristor behavior. Furthermore, this model is used in a neuromorphic circuit simulation to show that stochastic memristor devices can be trained according to a learning algorithm. The amount of switching noise in the memristors was varied to see what impact this may have on a neuromorphic circuit.
Spatial Context-Aware Networks for Mining Temporal Discriminative Period in Land Cover Detection (2019)

Detecting land use and land cover changes is critical to monitor natural resources and analyze global environmental changes. In this paper, we investigate the land cover detection using the remote sensing data from earth-observing satellites. Due to the natural disturbances, e.g., clouds and aerosoles, and the data acquisition errors by devices, remote sensing data frequently contain much noise. Also, many land covers cannot be easily identified in most dates of a year. Instead, they show distinctive temporal patterns only during certain period of a year, which is also referred to as the discriminative period. To address these challenges, we propose a novel framework which combines the spatial context knowledge with the LSTM-based temporal modeling for land cover detection. Specifically, the framework learns the spatial context knowledge selectively from its neighboring locations. Then we propose two approaches for discriminative period detection based on multi-instance learning and local attention mechanism, respectively. Our evaluations in two real-world applications demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed method in identifying land covers and detecting discriminative periods.
Design and development of a fully 3D dedicated x-ray computed mammotomography system (2005)

Our effort to implement a volumetric x-ray computed mammotomography (CmT) system dedicated to imaging breast disease comprises: demonstrated development of a quasi-monochromatic x-ray beam providing minimal dose and other optimal imaging figures of merit; new development of a compact, variable field-of-view, fully-3D acquisition gantry with a digital flat-panel detector facilitating more nearly complete sampling of frequency space and the physical breast volume; incorporation of iterative ordered-subsets transmission (OSTR) image reconstruction allowing modeling of the system matrix. Here, we describe the prototype 3D gantry and demonstrate initial system performance. Data collected on the prototype gantry demonstrate the feasibility of using OSTR with realistic reconstruction times. The gantry consists of a rotating W-anode x-ray tube using ultra-thick K-edge filtration, and an ~20x25cm<sup>2</sup> digital flat-panel detector located at <60cm SID. This source/detector combination can be shifted laterally changing the location of the central ray relative to the system center-of-rotation, hence changing the effective imaging field-of-view, and is mounted on a goniometric cradle allowing <50° polar tilt, then on a 360° azimuthal rotation stage. Combined, these stages provide for positioning flexibility in a banded region about a sphere, facilitating simple circle-plus-arc-like trajectories, as well as considerably more complex 3D trajectories. Complex orbits are necessary to avoid physical hindrances from the patient while acquiring the largest imaging volume of the breast. The system capabilities are demonstrated with fully-3D reconstructed images of geometric sampling and resolution phantoms, a fabricated breast phantom containing internal features of interest, and a cadaveric breast specimen. This compact prototype provides flexibility in dedicated, fully-3D CmT imaging of healthy and diseased breasts.
LixNi0.25Mn0.75Oy (0.5 ≤x≤ 2, 2 ≤y≤ 2.75) compounds for high-energy lithium-ion batteries (2009)

Manganese-rich and cobalt-free compounds of LixNi0.25Mn0.75Oy (0.5 ≤ x ≤ 2, 2 ≤ y ≤ 2.75) were investigated as the positive electrode materials for high energy lithium-ion batteries. Compounds with x = 0.5, 1, 1.25, 1.5, and 2 were prepared by a solid-state reaction from the same carbonate precursor, Ni0.25Mn0.75CO3, with an appropriate amount of Li2CO3. The structural and physical characteristics of these phases were determined by X-ray diffraction and scanning electron microscopy. With an increase of the lithium content, the LixNi0.25Mn0.75Oy evolved from a spinel (Fdm) structure (x = 0.5) to a mixed spinel-layered (Fdm and C2/c) structure (x = 1 and 1.25), to a more layered (Rm and C2/c) structure (x = 1.5 and 2). A similar structural trend was found for samples prepared from NiMn2O4–Mn2O3 mixed oxide, itself prepared by thermal decomposition of Ni0.25Mn0.75CO3carbonate precursor, to which appropriate amounts of Li2CO3 were added. An increase of the lithium content also affected the size of the primary particles and the roughness of the secondary particles, without any substantial change of their spherical morphology and packing densities. Further results showed that the electrochemical performance and safety characteristics of the LixNi0.25Mn0.75Oy materials were primarily governed by their structures.
Novel spintronic device: terahertz magnon-photon laser (2011)

A novel method of generating THz radiation is proposed. The method is based on pumping of non-equilibrium electrons into the upper (spin-down) subband of spin-polarized half-metallic ferromagnets or ferromagnetic semiconductors. The electrons rapidly emit magnons with THz frequency, pass into highly excited states of the spin-up subband, and fall into the ground state due to interaction with the equilibrium spin-up electrons or emitting optical phonons. The mechanism of magnon generation is similar to a three-level laser, and at a critical pumping intensive magnon lasing begins. Merging of two magnons generates a THz photon. Thus, a magnon laser becomes a THz photon laser, the generated power being of orders of milliwatt vs. several microwatt power generated by contemporary devices. The generated frequency is material dependent, and can be changed by tuning the magnetic field and the bias. The proposed device may have many applications in different fields including medicine (cancer surgery), molecular imaging, security problems etc.
Improved Bias Performance in Resonator Fiber Optic Gyros using a Novel Modulation Method for Error Suppression (2018)

A signal processing advancement for achieving navigation-grade resonator fiber optic gyros is reported. It simultaneously counters the effects of optical backscatter and modulation imperfections, leading to demonstrated short-term bias stability of 0.02+/−0.007 deg/hr.
A Constraint Optimization-Based Resolution of Verification Collisions in Self-Organizing Networks (2015)

The verification of Configuration Management (CM) changes is an important step in the operation of a Self-Organizing Network (SON). In order to perform its tasks, a verification mechanism makes use of an observation and a correction time window. In the first window it assesses the impact of deployed CM changes by monitoring the network's Performance Management (PM) data. Furthermore, it partitions the network in one or more verification areas, detects anomalies within them, and generates CM undo requests, each having the purpose to set CM parameters to some previous state. In the second window it deploys those requests to the network. However, two or more verification areas might be overlapping and share anomalous cells. As a consequence, we have verification collisions preventing two or more generated CM undo requests to be deployed at same time. Thereby, the verification mechanism might not be able to deploy all generated CM undo actions for the given correction window. In this paper, we propose a method that makes use of constraint optimization techniques to identify which requests can be merged together in order to meet the time requirement. We achieve our goal by using constraint softening based on so-called performance rating values of the requests. We evaluate our method in two different scenarios. First, we highlight the need for handling verification collisions by observing CM and PM data of a real Long Term Evolution (LTE) network. Second, a simulation study shows the ability of our method to keep the network performance at a high level.
Dual beam optical coherence tomography- high precision biometry and high-resolution fundus imaging of the human eye for ophthalmologic diagnosis (1997)

The dual beam version of OCT, an optical noninvasive technique based on partial coherence interferometry, uses a special interferometric setup to eliminate any influence of longitudinal eye motions during measurement.
An <i>N</i> -methyl- <scp>d</scp> -aspartate receptor channel blocker with neuroprotective activity (2001)

Excitotoxicity, resulting from sustained activation of glutamate receptors of the N-methyl-d-aspartate (NMDA) subtype, is considered to play a causative role in the etiology of ischemic stroke and several neurodegenerative diseases. The NMDA receptor is therefore a target for the development of neuroprotective agents. Here, we identify an N-benzylated triamine (denoted as NBTA) as a highly selective and potent NMDA-receptor channel blocker selected by screening a reduced dipeptidomimetic synthetic combinatorial library. NBTA blocks recombinant NMDA receptors expressed in Xenopus laevis oocytes with a mean IC(50) of 80 nM; in contrast, it does not block GluR1, a glutamate receptor of the non-NMDA subtype. The blocking activity of NBTA on NMDA receptors exhibits the characteristics of an open-channel blocker: (i) no competition with agonists, (ii) voltage dependence, and (iii) use dependence. Significantly, NBTA protects rodent hippocampal neurons from NMDA receptor, but not kainate receptor-mediated excitotoxic cell death, in agreement with its selective action on the corresponding recombinant receptors. Mutagenesis data indicate that the N site, a key asparagine on the M2 transmembrane segment of the NR1 subunit, is the main determinant of the blocker action. The results highlight the potential of this compound as a neuroprotectant.
Accurate polyp segmentation for 3D CT colongraphy using multi-staged probabilistic binary learning and compositional model (2008)

Accurate and automatic colonic polyp segmentation and measurement in Computed Tomography (CT) has significant importance for 3D polyp detection, classification, and more generally computer aided diagnosis of colon cancers. In this paper, we propose a three-staged probabilistic binary classification approach for automatically segmenting polyp voxels from their surrounding tissues in CT. Our system integrates low-, and mid-level information for discriminative learning under local polar coordinates which align on the 3D colon surface around detected polyp. More importantly, our supervised learning system has flexible modeling capacity, which offers a principled means of encoding semantic, clinical expert annotations of colonic polyp tissue identification and segmentation. The learning generality to unseen data is bounded by boosting [12, 11] and stacked generality [14]. Extensive experimental results on polyp segmentation performance evaluation and robustness testing with disturbances (using both training data and unseen data) are provided to validate our presented approach. The reliability of polyp segmentation and measurement has been largely increased to 98:2% (ie. errors les 3 mm), compared with other state of art work [4, 15] of about 75% ~ 80%.
Increase visibility for observation of micro objects in microassembly by an active imaging system (2009)

Vision technique used in automatic microassembly limits its application, due to several inherent problems such as occlusions and small field of view. However the microassembly often needs to detect micro parts with complex shape inside the wide field of view. To avoid this criticism, we proposed a view steering method using an active imaging system that enables adjustment of the view to keep targets inside field of view and to avoid occlusion automatically for microassmebly. The system integrates a telecentric scanner and a double wedge prisms system which can supply a flexible view with adjustable zenith and azimuth angles. A best view is generated with a high resolution without occlusion by artificial potential field method. The microassembly experiments show the advantages of the proposed method over the conventional vision system.