gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Kit-Like <sup>18</sup>F-Labeling of Proteins: Synthesis of 4-(Di-<i>tert</i>-butyl[<sup>18</sup>F]fluorosilyl)benzenethiol (Si[<sup>18</sup>F]FA-SH) Labeled Rat Serum Albumin for Blood Pool Imaging with PET (2009)

Radiosyntheses of 18F-radiopharmaceuticals for positron emission tomography (PET) normally require an extraordinarily high effort of technical equipment and specially trained personnel. We recently reported a novel method for the introduction of fluorine-18 into peptides for PET-imaging based on silicon-18F-chemistry (SiFA technique). We herewith introduce the first SiFA-based Kit-like radio-fluorination of a protein (rat serum albumin,RSA) and demonstrate its usefulness for in vivo imaging with microPET in normal rats as well as in a rat heterotropic transplanted heart model. As a labeling agent, we prepared 4-(di-tert-butyl[18F]fluorosilyl)benzenethiol (Si[18F]FASH)by simple isotopic exchange in 40-60% radiochemical yield (RCY) and coupled it directly to a Sulfo-SMCC derivatized RSA in an overall RCY of 12% within 20-30 min. The technically simple labeling procedure does not require any elaborated purification procedures and is a straightforward example of a successful application of Si-18F chemistry for in vivo imaging with PET.
A self organizing map based method for understanding features associated with high aesthetic value evolved abstract images (2014)

We show a method that allows the pixel data of a set of images to be analyzed independently of any set of computed features. If the high and low aesthetic value images can be separated in the high dimensional space of pixel intensities then for any given set of features computed from the images, those features relevant to high aesthetic value can be determined and the range of feature values that correlate with high aesthetic appeal can be quantified. The method uses the Self Organizing Map to project raw pixel data of images onto a feature map. The aesthetic class of these images is overlayed on the feature map, yielding a semantic map. Average feature values are visualized in gray-scale heat maps and features relevant to aesthetic value are identified. We call this the Pixel Array Self Organizing Map (PASOM) method. For the set of images analyzed, brightness and texture features were identified as being discriminatory between images of high and low aesthetic value. High aesthetic value images tend to have higher brightness and richer textures. These findings were corroborated by a professional artist/photographer as being consistent with the principles for attaining aesthetic value in visual media. The PASOM method yields a semantic map and a visualization of feature value variation that together make possible a detailed analysis of features associated with the aesthetic value of images.
Immobilization of Yeast Cells in Porous Silica Carrier with Sol-Gel Process (1992)

The porous silica gels were prepared from tetramethoxysilane (TMOS)-polyethyleneglycol (PEG)-H2O-methanol solution by the sol-gel process. Microstructure of gel was affected by the composition of starting solutions. The pore diameter of porous gels ranged from 0.1μm to 10μm. The pore diameter increased with increasing H2O and H2SO4 contents and with increasing molecular weight of PEG, whilst it decreased with increasing PEG concentration. Yeast cells were immobilized in porous silica gels prepared from TMOS-PEG solutions by the sol-gel process. Yeast cells were immobilized as spores. After incubation, yeast spores germed and growth of the yeasts were comfirmed.
Hochfrequenztechnik (2009)

Dieses Lehr- und Fachbuch vermittelt anschaulich die Grundlagen der HF-Technik und gibt konkrete Beschreibungen fÃ¼r den Entwurf von Leitungen und linearer Komponenten in High-Speed- und Hochfrequenzschaltungen. Dem Leser wird vermittelt, wie diese Schaltungen analysiert, synthetisiert, optimiert und modelliert werden. Mit Hilfe frei verfÃ¼gbarer Simulationssoftware kÃ¶nnen hochintegrierte Schaltungen selbst entwickelt werden. Viele Ãbungsbeispiele ermÃ¶glichen die Eigenkontrolle des Wissensstandes. Neben einer detaillierten Darstellung der wichtigsten Grundlagen, Bauelemente, Komponenten, Leitungen und Systeme der Hochfrequenztechnik werden komplexe Komponenten und Subsysteme wie Hochfrequenzmischer, Oszillatoren und Synthesegeneratoren in ihrer FunktionalitÃ¤t dargestellt. Die Mixed-Mode-Leitungs- und Schaltungstechnik fÃ¼r Anwendungen der schnellen Digital- und der modernen HF-Technik ist ausfÃ¼hrlich beschrieben. ZuzÃ¼glich zu den HF-Messsystemen wird in der 2. Auflage auf Funksysteme einschlieÃlich des neuartigen Dual-Mode-Funks sowie auf die Nutzung von digitalen ECL-Gattern eingegangen. Dem Leser wird somit ermÃ¶glicht, komplexe Hochfrequenzsysteme insbesondere mit On-Wafer-, SMD- und LTCC-Schaltungen zu entwickeln.
Learning and Using Formal Language (2004)

Keywords: POP-I.B. cognitive processes, POP-II.A learning styles, POP-VI.E computer science education Regular expressions are a convenient and simple notation for expressing the members of a regular language. This simplicity enables regular expressions to serve as models of more complex context-free programming languages. To examine techniques in teaching programming, we exposed first year students with no knowledge of regular expressions to two tasks. The tasks asked participants to identify occurrences of a given expression (matching) or to create an expression to describe a set of occurrences (creation). Matching and creation can be viewed as parallel to reading and writing, suggesting that as reading skills help to develop writing skills, then similarly, matching skills help to develop creation skills. We hypothesised that a practice effect exists and that exposure to the matching task before the creation task improves performance on the latter. However, in an experimental setting, this hypothesis is not supported. Practice on recognition tasks provided no measurable benefits and suggests that the learning of formal language differs significantly from that of natural language. To verify this finding in an alternative setting, we performed a second experiment to test the hypothesis that performance will be similar when locating errors in HTML and when creating HTML. This experiment revealed no significant performance differences. One explanation for these results is that novices lack a lexicon of concepts to which language constructs can be mapped, and therefore view formal languages as rule-based systems. Consequently, the skills used for learning natural language can not be applied. These findings also suggest that for formal languages there is a greater need for instructional interventions such as performance feedback.
PAST EFFACED. PAST RECOVERED. DREAMS AND MEMORY CONTROL IN RECENT DYSTOPIAN CINEMA (2022)

Utopia is considered to be a perfect state, a place where all desires and longings can be finally fulfilled. Dystopia is frequently described as a failed utopia, a place which becomes an expression of our deepest fears and concerns. Instead of granting liberty and promoting free thinking, it is a space of surveillance and oppression. The techniques the ones in control use to exercise power and impose order are manifold. Control over memory and the past is one of them. This paper analyses two 2005 films: Karyn Kusama’s Aeon Flux and Michael Bay’s The Island which portray worlds with cloning as the hallmark of civilisation. The article shows how the centre of power can be challenged by recovering memory of the forbidden past. Furthermore, it emphasises the importance of dreams as a triggering force for the resistance. It draws on Freud’s concept of the uncanny and Baudrillard’s idea of simulation to examine the consequences of cloning as well as the significance of memories and dreams in dystopian narratives.
Mechanism of demyelination in DM20 transgenic mice involves increased fatty acylation (1998)

Transgenic mice (ND4) containing 70 copies of the transgene encoding DM20 were clinically normal up to 3 months of age, spontaneously demyelinated there-after and died in 8-10 months. Whereas the myelin fraction from normal mice increased in amount from 1-4 months as expected, the corresponding fraction in ND4 mice remained constant over this period. In order to study the mechanism by which decreased myelin synthesis was manifest in the ND4 mouse, we investigated the amounts of proteolipids at various ages. The amount of proteolipid protein (PLP) was greatly decreased after 1-2 months in the ND4 mice. Although the message for DM20 was increased (transgene mRNA), very little DM20 was found in myelin at 1 month. It subsequently increased so that at 3-4 months the amount of DM20 in myelin isolated from transgenic animals was much higher than in normal mice. Characterization of the DM20 and PLP at 1 month of age showed that the amount of fatty acid (stearate and palmitate) was increased and the N-terminal glycine was methylated. These data suggested that high copy numbers of the cDNA for DM20 affected post translational events which we postulate affected the proper insertion of both DM20 and PLP in the myelin bilayer.
Interactions of Human Growth Hormone and Prolactin on Pituitary and Leydig Cell Function in Adult Transgenic Mice Expressing the Human Growth Hormone Gene1 (1991)

Adult male transgenic mice expressing the human growth hormone (hGH) gene are hypoprolactinemic. To evaluate the effects of exogenous prolactin (PRL) and endogenously secreted hGH on pituitary and Leydig cell function, adult male transgenic and nontransgenic mice (10-16 wk of age) were treated s.c. with either saline-polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) or oPRL (100 micrograms/mouse) in saline-PVP. Animals were treated twice daily; a total of 7 injections were given. One hour after the last injection, each group of mice was treated i.p. either with saline or oLH (0.3 microgram/g BW); 2 h later, blood was obtained via heart puncture. Plasma FSH, LH, PRL, androstenedione (A-dione), and testosterone (T) levels were measured by validated RIAs. Basal PRL levels were significantly lower (p less than 0.001) and basal LH concentrations were significantly higher (p less than 0.01) in transgenic than in nontransgenic mice. Administration of PRL significantly decreased (p less than 0.01) plasma LH levels in transgenic mice, whereas similar treatment of nontransgenic mice increased (p less than 0.01) circulating LH concentrations. Plasma FSH levels were unaffected in transgenic and nontransgenic mice treated with saline or PRL. Basal plasma A-dione and T levels were similar in both groups of animals and were significantly increased after treatment with LH. Administration of PRL increased T levels in transgenic and nontransgenic mice, but the T response to LH treatment was greater in PRL-treated transgenic mice, indicating the synergistic effect of hGH in the biosynthesis of T.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
<title>Airborne visible hyperspectral imaging spectrometer: optical and system-level description</title> (1996)

During the past year, Kestrel Corporation has designed and built a low cost Fourier transform hyperspectral imager for deployment in a light aircraft. The instrument is a pushbroom imaging spectrometer employing a Sagnac interferometer. The instrument operates over a range of 350- 1050 nm with 256 spectral channels, and a 13 degree FOV with an 0.8 mrad IFOV. Installed with the optical instrument are attitude sensors, a scene camera, a downwelling sensor and in-flight calibration equipment. This paper will focus on the description of both the optical system and the support equipment used in this revolutionary instrument.
Carding Kenaf for Nonwovens (1998)

Kenaf is a bast fiber that offers the advantage of being biodegradable, renewable, and environmentally safe. Unfortunately, mechanically harvested (raw) kenaf fibers are coarse, brittle, and difficult to process through conventional textile and nonwoven equipment. Kenaf batts can be prepared by an air-laid process, but the batts do not have stable uniform structures. In earlier work, we attempted to card kenaf on a cotton card, since carded batts should provide better structural integrity than air-laid batts. Unfortunately, it was impossible to card raw kenaf fibers on a conventional cotton card, because the raw kenaf was discharged from the card as trash. Carding of treated ( chem ically processed) kenaf was moderately successful, although a fair proportion of kenaf was still lost during the carding process. We modified a conventional cotton card to process kenaf fibers into nonwoven structures by using different wire combinations, carding plates, card speeds, and settings. Kenaf batts (pure or blended with polypro pylene) were carded on this modified machine. Nonwoven mats were made using three methods: through-air thermal bonding, needle punching, and needle punching followed by thermal bonding. Although each of these procedures produced kenaf mats with good strength and uniformity, the combined treatment produced the strongest mats. Details of card modification as well as gathered data and properties of the mats are presented.
Pharmacokinetic Interactions between Buprenorphine and Antiretroviral Medications (2006)

Buprenorphine is used for the treatment of opioid dependence. As the number of persons receiving buprenorphine treatment and antiretroviral therapy continues to grow, so too does the existence and clinical impact of drug interactions between buprenorphine and medications for treating human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection. Awareness that such interactions exist may deter some patients and physicians from initiating potentially lifesaving therapy or lead to complications among patients whose treatment is already under way. Complications include nonadherence to antiretroviral therapy and the development of viral resistance. Illicit drug use is a frequent consequence of adverse drug effects experienced by injection drug users. The occurrence of unrecognized drug interactions can lead to unsuccessful therapy for HIV infection and the treatment of substance dependence. The present review is organized to provide a working background of buprenorphine pharmacology. Review of the current state of knowledge regarding specific interactions between buprenorphine and antiretrovirals is followed by a review of the clinical applicability of these interactions.
Analysis of Precipitated Phase in Heat Treated Inconel Alloy 617 (1978)

The microstructure was studied after short-and {OIlg-time exposure of INCONEL 617 at high temperature (1000C ). The precipitated phases were identified in this solid solution hardening alloy.
Systematic Evaluation of Patients Treated With Neurothrombectomy Devices for Acute Ischemic Stroke (2017)

URL: http://www.clinicaltrials.gov. Unique identifier: NCT02239640.
Contingency selection method for on‐line small signal stability monitoring (2003)

Abstract To make greater use of existing electric power transmission facilities, security assessment utilizing on‐line data is thought to be one of the effective measures that can be taken. To realize on‐line assessment of postfault small signal stability for a number of supposed contingencies, it is effective to identify severe contingencies to be analyzed with a precise assessment program, such as the S‐method. We developed a contingency selection method that has two indices for selection. One of the indices is postfault eigenvalue estimation based on second‐order approximation of the eigenvalue change in response to system matrix change, which is effective for relatively weak nonlinear eigenvalue change. The other one is the Nonlinearity index, which indicates the strength of nonlinearity eigenvalue change. It is effective in detecting strong nonlinear eigenvalue changes that cannot be estimated correctly by second‐order approximation. Calculation results with IEEJ Bulk Power System Models show that the proposed method can effectively decrease the number of contingencies that must be analyzed by the precise Small Signal Analysis method. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electr Eng Jpn, 145(4): 20–27, 2003; Published online in Wiley InterScience ( www.interscience.wiley.com ). DOI 10.1002/eej.10186
The Filmmaker's Guide to Visual Effects: The Art and Techniques of VFX for Directors, Producers, Editors and Cinematographers (2017)

The Filmmaker’s Guide to Visual Effects offers a practical, detailed guide to visual effects for non-VFX specialists working in film and television. In contemporary filmmaking and television production, visual effects are used extensively in a wide variety of genres and formats to contribute to visual storytelling, help deal with production limitations, and reduce budget costs. Yet for many directors, producers, editors, and cinematographers, visual effects remain an often misunderstood aspect of media production. In this book, award-winning VFX supervisor and instructor Eran Dinur introduces readers to visual effects from the filmmaker’s perspective, providing a comprehensive guide to conceiving, designing, budgeting, planning, shooting, and reviewing VFX, from pre-production through post-production. (source : éditeur)
Vaccinia virus-free recovery of vesicular stomatitis virus. (2001)

The advent of reverse-genetics represents a powerful new approach to elucidate aspects of negative-sense RNA virus replication. The reverse-genetics system established previously for vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV) required four plasmids encoding the nucleoprotein (N), phosphoprotein (P), polymerase (L), and the full-length, anti-genomic RNA. Transcription to yield the antigenomic RNA as well as the N, P, and L, mRNAs was initiated by bacteriophage T7 polymerase expressed from a recombinant Vaccinia virus. In this report, we describe the successful recovery of infectious VSV in the absence of Vaccinia virus. The N, P, and L genes of VSV were inserted downstream of both the T7 promoter and an internal ribosomal entry site (IRES element). T7 polymerase was expressed constitutively from BSR-T7/5 cells. RTPCR was used to confirm that the recovered VSV was derived from transfected DNA. Virion protein profile, CPE in tissue culture, and virus titer of the recombinant VSV were indistinguishable from those of parental VSV. Thus, the need for Vaccinia virus is eliminated with this system, making it an attractive, alternative approach for the recovery of infectious VSV from DNA.
An Update on JAK Inhibitors (2018)

Janus kinases (JAKs) are a family of non-receptor tyrosine kinases, composed by four members, JAK1, JAK2, JAK3 and TYK2. JAKs are involved in different inflammatory and autoimmune diseases, as well as in malignancies, through the activation of the JAK/STAT signalling pathway. Furthermore, the V617F mutation in JAK2 was identified in patients affected by myeloproliferative neoplasms. This knowledge prompted researchers from academia and pharmaceutical companies to investigate this field in order to discover small molecule JAK inhibitors. These efforts recently afforded to the market approval of four JAK inhibitors. Despite the fact that all these drugs are pyrrolo[2,3-d]pyrimidine derivatives, many compounds endowed with different heterocyclic scaffolds have been reported in the literature as selective or multi-JAK inhibitors, and a number of them is currently being evaluated in clinical trials. In this review we will report many representative compounds that have been published in articles or patents in the last five years (period 2013-2017). The inhibitors will be classified on the basis of their chemical structure, focusing, when possible, on their structure activity relationships, selectivity and biological activity. For every class of derivatives, compounds disclosed before 2013 that have entered clinical trials will also be briefly reported, to underline the importance of a particular chemical scaffold in the search for new inhibitors.
Nitric oxide and p53 in cancer‐prone chronic inflammation and oxyradical overload disease (2004)

Nitric oxide (NO(.)), which is generated under chronic inflammatory conditions that predispose individuals to cancer, has paradoxical effects. NO(.) can activate p53, which can result in anti-carcinogenic effects, or it can be mutagenic and increase cancer risk. We explored the mechanisms by which NO(.) induced p53 activation in vitro and found that NO(.) induced p53 accumulation and phosphorylation, particularly at ser-15, via ATM and ATR kinases, which then led to cell cycle arrest at G(2)/M. We next examined proteins in these pathways in both inflamed and normal human colon tissue. Inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) levels and p53-P-ser15 levels were positively correlated with the degree of inflammation and with each other. Additionally, the p53 targets, HDM-2 and p21 (WAF1), were present in ulcerative colitis (UC) colon, but undetectable in normal colon, consistent with activated p53. We also found higher p53 mutant frequencies of both G:C --> A:T transitions at the CpG site of codon 248 and C:G --> T:A transitions at codon 247 in lesional colon tissue from UC cases versus nonlesional tissue from these cases or colon tissue from normal adult controls. Consistent with nitrosative stress and the deamination of 5-methylcytosine, p53 mutations were also detected in sporadic colon cancer tissue and were associated with iNOS activity in these tissues. These studies identified a potential mechanistic link between NO(.) and p53 in UC and sporadic colon cancer.
Compile-time synchronization optimizations for software DSMs (2002)

Sofware distributed-shared-memory (DSM) systems provide a desirable target for parallelizing compilers due to their flexibility. However, studies show synchronization and load imbalance are significant sources of overhead. The authors investigate the impact of compilation techniques for eliminating synchronization overhead in software DSMs, developing new algorithms to handle situations found in practice. They evaluate the contributions of synchronization elimination algorithms based on 1) dependence analysis, 2) communication analysis, 3) exploiting coherence protocols in software DSMs, and 4) aggressive expansion of parallel SPMD regions. They also found suppressing expensive parallelism to be useful for one application. Experiments indicate these techniques eliminate almost all parallel task invocations, and reduce the number of barriers executed by 66% on average. On a 16 processor IBM SP-2, speedups are improved on average by 35%, and are tripled for some applications.
Contributions of 3D Cell Cultures for Cancer Research (2017)

Cancer cell lines have contributed immensely in understanding the complex physiology of cancers. They are excellent material for studies as they offer homogenous samples without individual variations and can be utilised with ease and flexibility. Also, the number of assays and end-points one can study is almost limitless; with the advantage of improvising, modifying or altering several variables and methods. Literally, a new dimension to cancer research has been achieved by the advent of 3Dimensional (3D) cell culture techniques. This approach increased many folds the ways in which cancer cell lines can be utilised for understanding complex cancer biology. 3D cell culture techniques are now the preferred way of using cancer cell lines to bridge the gap between the 'absolute in vitro' and 'true in vivo'. The aspects of cancer biology that 3D cell culture systems have contributed include morphology, microenvironment, gene and protein expression, invasion/migration/metastasis, angiogenesis, tumour metabolism and drug discovery, testing chemotherapeutic agents, adaptive responses and cancer stem cells. We present here, a comprehensive review on the applications of 3D cell culture systems for these aspects of cancers. J. Cell. Physiol. 232: 2679-2697, 2017. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.