gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Adaptive video delivery using semantics (2005)

The diffusion of network appliances such as cellular phones, personal digital assistants and hand-held computers has created the need to personalize the way media content is delivered to the end user. Moreover, recent devices, such as digital radio receivers with graphics displays, and new applications, such as intelligent visual surveillance, require novel forms of video analysis for content adaptation and summarization. To cope with these challenges, we propose an automatic method for the extraction of semantics from video, and we present a framework that exploits these semantics in order to provide adaptive video delivery. First, an algorithm that relies on motion information to extract multiple semantic video objects is proposed. The algorithm operates in two stages. In the first stage, a statistical change detector produces the segmentation of moving objects from the background. This process is robust with regard to camera noise and does not need manual tuning along a sequence or for different sequences. In the second stage, feedbacks between an object partition and a region partition are used to track individual objects along the frames. These interactions allow us to cope with multiple, deformable objects, occlusions, splitting, appearance and disappearance of objects, and complex motion. Subsequently, semantics are used to prioritize visual data in order to improve the performance of adaptive video delivery. The idea behind this approach is to organize the content so that a particular network or device does not inhibit the main content message. Specifically, we propose two new video adaptation strategies. The first strategy combines semantic analysis with a traditional frame-based video encoder. Background simplifications resulting from this approach do not penalize overall quality at low bitrates. The second strategy uses metadata to efficiently encode the main content message. The metadata-based representation of object's shape and motion suffices to convey the meaning and action of a scene when the objects are familiar. The impact of different video adaptation strategies is then quantified with subjective experiments. We ask a panel of human observers to rate the quality of adapted video sequences on a normalized scale. From these results, we further derive an objective quality metric, the semantic peak signal-to-noise ratio (SPSNR), that accounts for different image areas and for their relevance to the observer in order to reflect the focus of attention of the human visual system. At last, we determine the adaptation strategy that provides maximum value for the end user by maximizing the SPSNR for given client resources at the time of delivery. By combining semantic video analysis and adaptive delivery, the solution presented in this dissertation permits the distribution of video in complex media environments and supports a large variety of content-based applications.
Intramolecular Diels−Alder/1,3-Dipolar Cycloaddition Cascade of 1,3,4-Oxadiazoles (2006)

Full details of a systematic exploration of the intramolecular [4 + 2]/[3 + 2] cycloaddition cascade of 1,3,4-oxadiazoles are disclosed in which the scope and utility of the reaction are defined.
A sharp-switching gateless device (Z3-FET) in advanced FDSOI technology (2016)

A systematic study of a novel band modulation device (Z <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3</sup> -FET: Zero gate, Zero swing slope and Zero impact ionization) fabricated in most advanced Fully Depleted Silicon-On-Insulator technology is presented. Since the device has no front gate, the operation mechanism is controlled by two buried ground planes. Characteristics such as sharp switching, low leakage, and controllable triggering are measured and discussed. We explore several variants (thin and thick silicon film) and show promising results in terms of high current and switching performance.
Yogurt: a novel precursor for heavily nitrogen doped supercapacitor carbon (2014)

The transformation of the globular structures of yogurt into a porous high-capacitive carbon material, displaying the perfect double layer capacitive behavior.
Leucine‐rich amelogenin peptide (LRAP) as a surface primer for biomimetic remineralization of superficial enamel defects: An <i>in vitro</i> study (2015)

This study was carried out to obtain more information about the assembly of hydroxyapatite bundles formed in the presence of Leucine-Rich Amelogenin Peptide (LRAP) and to evaluate its effect on the remineralization of enamel defects through a biomimetic approach. One or 2 mg/mL LRAP solutions containing 2.5 mM of Ca(+2) and 1.5 mM phosphate were prepared (pH = 7.2) and stored at 37 °C for 24 h. The products of the reaction were studied using atomic force microscopy (AFM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and selected area electron diffraction (SAED). Vickers surface microhardness recovery (SMR%) of acid-etched bovine enamel, with or without LRAP surface treatment, were calculated to evaluate the influence of peptide on the lesion remineralization. Distilled water and 1 or 2 mg/mL LRAP solution (pH = 7.2) were applied on the lesions and the specimens were incubated in mineralization solution (2.5mM Ca(+2) , 1.5mM PO4 (-3) , pH = 7.2) for 24 h. One-way ANOVA and Tukey's multi-comparison tests were used for statistical analysis. The pattern of enamel surface repair was studied using FE-SEM. AFM showed the formation of highly organized hierarchical structures, composed of hydroxyapatite (HA) crystals, similar to the dental enamel microstructure. ANOVA procedure showed significant effect of peptide treatment on the calculated SMR% (p < 0.001). Tukey's test revealed that peptide treated groups had significantly higher values of SMR%. In conclusion, LRAP is able to regulate the formation of HA and enhances the remineralization of acid-etched enamel as a surface treatment agent.
Achromatic linear polarization rotators by tandem twisted nematic liquid crystal cells (2018)

An achromatic linear polarization rotator based on a tandem-2ϕ-twisted nematic liquid crystal cell (tandem-2ϕ-TNLC cell, where 2ϕ represents the total twisted angle) is theoretically analyzed and experimentally demonstrated. The tandem-2ϕ-TNLC cell comprises two conventional ϕ-TNLC cells with the required arrangement that the LC director close to the last layer of the first ϕ-TNLC cell should be perpendicular to that close to the first layer of the second ϕ-TNLC cell. With such a simple combination, the TNLC performances are considerably improved. According to the experimental results and theoretical analyses by Jones Calculus, the tandem-2ϕ-TNLC polarization rotator with suitable parameters is achromatic and insensitive to the polarization plane of incident light. Such properties provide these polarization rotators with potential for practical applications.
Decision Support Tools for Clinical Diagnosis of Disease in Cows with Suspected Bovine Spongiform Encephalopathy (2004)

Reporting of clinically suspected cattle is currently the most common method for detecting cases of bovine spongiform encephalopathy (BSE). Improvement of clinical diagnosis and decision-making remains crucial. A comparison of clinical patterns, consisting of 25 signs, was made between all 30 BSE cases, confirmed in Belgium before October 2002, and 272 suspected cases that were subsequently determined to be histologically, immunohistochemically, and scrapie-associated-fiber negative. Seasonality in reporting suspected cases was observed, with more cases being reported during wintertime when animals were kept indoors. The median duration of illness was 30 days. The 10 most relevant signs of BSE were kicking in the milking parlor, hypersensitivity to touch and/or sound, head shyness, panic-stricken response, reluctance to enter in the milking parlor, abnormal ear movement or carriage, increased alertness behavior, reduced milk yield, teeth grinding, and temperament change. Ataxia did not appear to be a specific sign of BSE. A classification and regression tree was constructed by using the following four features: age of the animal, year of birth, number of relevant BSE signs noted, and number of clinical signs, typical for listeriosis, noted. The model had a sensitivity of 100% and a specificity of 85%. This approach allows the use of an interactive decision-support tool, based entirely on odds ratios, a statistic independent of disease prevalence.
Synthesis and characterization of C60O, the first fullerene epoxide (1992)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTSynthesis and characterization of C60O, the first fullerene epoxideKathleen M. Creegan, John L. Robbins, Win K. Robbins, John M. Millar, Rexford D. Sherwood, Paul J. Tindall, Donald M. Cox, John P. McCauley Jr., David R. Jones, and Cite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1992, 114, 3, 1103–1105Publication Date (Print):January 1, 1992Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 January 1992https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00029a058https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00029a058research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views1863Altmetric-Citations421LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (1)»Supporting Information Supporting Information Get e-Alerts
A contactless capacitive angular-position sensor (2003)

This paper presents an absolute capacitive angular-position sensor with a contactless rotor. The sensor is mainly composed of three parts: the capacitive sensing element, a signal processor, and a microcontroller. The electrically floating rotor can be either conductive or dielectric. For the dielectric material, we chose plastic, and for the conductive rotor, we chose aluminum. The sensing element has a redundant structure, which reduces mechanical nonidealities. The signal processor has a multicapacitance input and a single output, which is a period-modulated square-wave voltage. The microcontroller acquires output data from the processor and sends them to a PC, which calculates the rotor position. Theoretical analysis, supported by experimental results, show that the sensitivity to mechanical nonidealities of the sensing element is higher in the case of a conductive rotor. The resolution of the capacitive angular-position sensor over the full range (360°) was better than 1". The measured nonlinearity was ± 100" and ± 300" for the dielectric and the conductive rotor, respectively.
Revisiting the Anomalous Bending Elasticity of Sharply Bent DNA (2015)

Several recent experiments suggest that sharply bent DNA has a surprisingly high bending flexibility, but the cause of this flexibility is poorly understood. Although excitation of flexible defects can explain these results, whether such excitation can occur with the level of DNA bending in these experiments remains unclear. Intriguingly, the DNA contained preexisting nicks in most of these experiments but whether nicks might play a role in flexibility has never been considered in the interpretation of experimental results. Here, using full-atom molecular dynamics simulations, we show that nicks promote DNA basepair disruption at the nicked sites, which drastically reduces DNA bending energy. In addition, lower temperatures suppress the nick-dependent basepair disruption. In the absence of nicks, basepair disruption can also occur but requires a higher level of DNA bending. Therefore, basepair disruption inside B-form DNA can be suppressed if the DNA contains preexisting nicks. Overall, our results suggest that the reported mechanical anomaly of sharply bent DNA is likely dependent on preexisting nicks, therefore the intrinsic mechanisms of sharply bent nick-free DNA remain an open question.
Differential gene‐expression profiling in the leukemia cell lines derived from indolent and aggressive phases of CD56<sup>+</sup> T‐cell large granular lymphocyte leukemia (2004)

As a rule, T cell large granular lymphocyte (T-LGL) leukemia runs a chronic clinical course without need for therapy. Some cases, however, progress to an aggressive disease after the indolent clinical stage. The transformation mechanism into a high-grade malignancy has not been well studied. We have established 2 leukemia cell lines, MOTN-1 and PLT-2, derived from the same clone of CD56+ T-LGL leukemia in chronic and aggressive phases, respectively. The paired availability of such cell lines is valuable in biologic and genetic investigation of T-LGL leukemia. We used a microarray containing 406 cDNAs to elucidate alterations of gene expression between the 2 cell lines. We found a number of genes that were differentially expressed: 13 genes with increased expression and 3 genes with reduced expression in PLT-2 cells as compared to MOTN-1 cells. Increased expression of the dek, rac, Op18, CD6, CD58, CD106, Id2, ATF4, IRF5, ELL2 and D6 genes, and reduced expression of the GzmA and GzmK genes were confirmed by real-time quantitative reverse transcription-PCR, whose results paralleled the microarray data. These upregulated genes encode oncoproteins, cell surface antigens including molecules related to T cell proliferation, transcription factors, and a chemokine receptor. The two downregulated genes encode granzymes that play an important role for induction of cell death. These findings suggest that there is differential gene expression in different clinical phases of T-LGL leukemia and these differentially expressed genes would be potential targets for further studies to identify the genes involved in the transformation process of T-LGL leukemia.
Effects of light, temperature and canopy position on net photosynthesis and isoprene emission from sweetgum (Liquidambar styraciflua) leaves (1996)

In June 1993, net photosynthetic rates, stomatal conductance and isoprene emission rates of sweetgum leaves (Liquidambar styraciflua L.) were measured at the top of the forest canopy (sun leaves) and within the canopy at a height of 8-10 m above ground level (shade leaves). Large differences in net photosynthetic rates and stomatal conductance were found between sun and shade leaves. Mean rates of isoprene emission, expressed on a leaf area basis, were significantly lower in shade leaves than in sun leaves (4.1 versus 17.1 nmol m(-2) s(-1)); however, because specific leaf area of sun leaves was lower than that of shade leaves (0.0121 versus 0.0334 m(2) g(-1)), the difference between sun and shade leaves was less, though still significant, when isoprene emissions were expressed on a dry mass basis (45.5 versus 29.0 micro g C g(-1) h(-1)). Saturation of both net photosynthesis and isoprene emission occurred at lower PPFDs in shade leaves than in sun leaves. The effect of leaf temperature on isoprene emissions also differed between sun and shade leaves. Sun leaves lost a significantly greater percentage of fixed carbon as isoprene than shade leaves. The leaf-level physiological measurements were used to derive parameters for a canopy-level isoprene flux model. The importance of incorporating differences between sun- and shade-leaf properties into existing models is discussed.
Intravenous injection of oncolytic picornavirus SVV-001 prolongs animal survival in a panel of primary tumor–based orthotopic xenograft mouse models of pediatric glioma (2013)

SVV-001 possesses strong antitumor activity against pediatric malignant gliomas and utilizes α2,3-linked and α2,6-linked sialic acids as mediators of tumor cell infection. Our findings support the consideration of SVV-001 for clinical trials in children with malignant glioma.
Data-guided repair of selection statements (2014)

Database-centric programs form the backbone of many enterprise systems. Fixing defects in such programs takes much human effort due to the interplay between imperative code and database-centric logic. This paper presents a novel data-driven approach for automated fixing of bugs in the selection condition of database statements (e.g., WHERE clause of SELECT statements) – a common form of bugs in such programs. Our key observation is that in real-world data, there is information latent in the distribution of data that can be useful to repair selection conditions efficiently. Given a faulty database program and input data, only a part of which induces the defect, our novelty is in determining the correct behavior for the defect-inducing data by taking advantage of the information revealed by the rest of the data. We accomplish this by employing semi-supervised learning to predict the correct behavior for defect-inducing data and by patching up any inaccuracies in the prediction by a SAT-based combinatorial search. Next, we learn a compact decision tree for the correct behavior, including the correct behavior on the defect-inducing data. This tree suggests a plausible fix to the selection condition. We demonstrate the feasibility of our approach on seven realworld examples.
Expression of bone morphogenetic proteins of human neoplastic epithelial cells (1997)

Bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs) are crucial factors of osteogenesis. We investigated the expressions of BMP subtypes in human salivary adenocarcinoma cell line (HSG-S8), tongue squamous cell (HSC-4) and gingival squamous cell (Ca9-22) carcinoma cell lines, gastric poorly differentiated adenocarcinoma cell (MNK45) and signet ring cell (KATOIII) carcinoma cell lines, rectal adenocarcinoma (RCM-1, RCM-2, and RCM-3), and thyroid (8505C) and bladder (T24) carcinoma cell lines by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). RT-PCR disclosed that BMP-1 was expressed in all cell lines examined, and BMP-2 was amplified in almost all cells except MKN45. Two squamous cell carcinomas, HSC-4 and Ca9-22, and KATOIII expressed only BMP-1 and BMP-2. MKN45 did not express BMP-2, but expressed BMP-7 and weakly BMP-4 and BMP-5. In addition to the expression BMP-7, and HSG-S8 expressed BMP-6. These findings indicated that the neoplastic epithelial cells possessed a rather great potency to express BMP mRNAs. On the other hand, among these carcinoma cells, HSG-S8 solely induced bone in nude mouse tumors, and HSC-4 and KATOIII contained many calcified masses in tumors while the rest did not induce either.
The utilization of glycogen accumulating organisms for mixed culture production of polyhydroxyalkanoates (2009)

Production of polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHAs) by an open mixed culture enriched in glycogen accumulating organisms (GAOs) under alternating anaerobic-aerobic conditions with acetate as carbon source was investigated. The culture exhibited a stable enrichment performance over the 450-day operating period with regards to phenotypic behavior and microbial community structure. Candidatus Competibacter phosphatis dominated the culture at between 54% and 70% of the bacterial biomass throughout the study, as determined by fluorescence in situ hybridization. In batch experiments under anaerobic conditions, PHA containing 3-hydroxybutyrate (3HB) and 27 mol-% 3-hydroxyvalerate (3HV) was accumulated up to 49% of cell dry weight utilizing the glycogen pool stored in the SBR cycle. Under aerobic and ammonia limited conditions, PHA comprising only 3HB was accumulated to 60% of cell dry weight. Glycogen was consumed during aerobic PHA accumulation as well as under anaerobic conditions, but with different stoichiometry. Under aerobic conditions 0.31 C-mol glycogen was consumed per consumed C-mol acetate compared to 0.99 under anaerobic conditions. Both the PHA biomass content and the specific PHA production rate obtained were similar to what is typically obtained using the more commonly applied aerobic dynamic feeding strategy.
Spatial and Temporal Modulation of Thermal Emission (2017)

Precise control of a material's emissivity is critical for thermal-engineering applications. Metamaterials, which derive their optical properties from sub-wavelength structures, have emerged as a promising way to tune emissivity over a wide parameter space. However, metamaterial designs have not yet achieved simultaneous spatial and temporal control of emissivity, which is important for advanced engineering applications such as adaptive thermal management and reconfigurable infrared camouflage. Here, spatiotemporal emissivity control is demonstrated by designing and fabricating a large-area, infrared metamaterial that is modulated with ultraviolet (UV) light. The UV light generates free carriers in a photosensitive ZnO spacer layer, which changes the metamaterial optical properties and causes a localized increase in emissivity. Thermal imaging of the metamaterial during UV illumination reveals an apparent temperature increase as a result of the emissivity change. The imaged temperature fluctuation is recorded under exposure from a temporally modulated and spatially patterned UV illumination source to characterize both the temporal response and spatial resolution of the emissivity change. The results of this work demonstrate new capabilities for thermal metamaterials that could bring about the next generation of thermal-engineering devices.
High power plasma spraying of oxide ceramics (1995)

New developed high power plasma spray (HPPS) systems offer opportunities for generating both high thermal as well as high kinetic energy transfer to the powder particles. The operation level can be elevated up to 250 kW for continuous processing. PLCs and mass flow controls support high power processing under production conditions. The process is designed for applying large quantities even of high melt materials, such as oxide ceramics. High power plasma processing may result in enhanced coating characteristics. The work in this paper shows first conclusions for processing commercial powders such as alumina, alumina-titania, chromia and a recently developed multicomponent oxide with a HPPS system. Particle velocities were measured after optimizing spraying parameters. Coatings were evaluated by optical microscopy (microstructure and porosity), microhardness and pin-on-disc abrasive wear tests. Powder types and sizes as well as the systems configuration are considered for a general discussion of the capability and limitation in high power plasma spraying.
Ship 3D model estimation from an ISAR image sequence (2004)

ISAR imagery measures range and radial velocity of scatterers from targets of interest. Due to wave action, a ship has constantly changing roll, yaw and pitch angular velocities, which makes the ISAR images quite changeable from frame to frame. A method is described for extracting 3D model information from a sequence of two dimensional ISAR images, with no knowledge of the ship motion, but with the assumption that the scatterers can be correctly labelled from frame to frame. A later paper will describe a labelling method for use with real images which justifies this assumption.