gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Complete Rescue of Lipoprotein Lipase–Deficient Mice by Somatic Gene Transfer of the Naturally Occurring LPL<sup>S447X</sup>Beneficial Mutation (2005)

The naturally occurring human lipoprotein lipase S447X variant (LPLS447X) exemplifies a gain-of function mutation with significant benefits including decreased plasma triglycerides (TG), increased high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol, and reduced risk of coronary artery disease. The S447X variant may be associated with higher LPL catalytic activity; however, in vitro data supporting this hypothesis are contradictory. We wanted to investigate the in vivo mechanism by which the LPLS447X variant improves the lipid profile of S447X carriers. We conducted a functional assessment of human LPLS447X compared with LPLWT in mice. LPL variants were compared in the absence of endogenous mouse LPL in newborn LPL(-/-) mice by adenoviral-mediated gene transfer. LPL(-/-) mice normally exhibit severe hypertriglyceridemia and die within 48 hours of birth. LPLWT gene transfer prolonged the survival of mice up to 21 days. In contrast, LPLS447X completely rescued 95% of the mice to adulthood and increased LPL catalytic activity in postheparin plasma 2.1-fold compared with LPLWT at day 3 (P=0.003). LPLS447X also reduced plasma TG 99% from baseline (P<0.001), 2-fold more than LPLWT, (P<0.01) and increased plasma HDL cholesterol 2.9-fold higher than LPLWT (P<0.01). These data provide in vivo evidence that the increased catalytic activity of LPLS447X improves plasma TG clearance and increases the HDL cholesterol pool compared with LPLWT.
Molecular characterization of Bordetella bronchiseptica filamentous haemagglutinin and its secretion machinery The GenBank accession numbers for the sequences reported in this paper are AF111794, AF111796, AF111797 and AF111798. (2000)

Two closely related pathogens, Bordetella pertussis and Bordetella bronchiseptica, share a number of virulence factors. Filamentous haemagglutinin (FHA) is widely regarded as the dominant adhesin of B. pertussis, and its multiple binding activities have been well characterized. This large protein is produced and secreted at high levels by B. pertussis and significantly lower levels by B. bronchiseptica strains. FHA secretion is mediated by a single outer-membrane accessory protein, FhaC. The genes encoding FHA and FhaC in B. bronchiseptica were characterized by sequencing and functional analyses and are highly similar to those of B. pertussis. The most distinctive feature of B. bronchiseptica FHA is additional repeats in the N-terminal portion of the predicted protein. Interestingly, a point mutation in the fhaB promoter region of the B. bronchiseptica GP1 isolate, relative to other isolates, was found to be detrimental to promoter activity and to FHA production. FhaC and the N-terminal secretion domain of FHA of B. bronchiseptica were fully functional for secretion in B. pertussis. Thus, the different levels of FHA secretion by these Bordetella species might reflect differences in physiology, composition and structure of cell envelope, or differential protein degradation. Characterization of FHA expression and function may provide clues as to the basis of host species tropism, tissue localization and receptor recognition.
Functional Insights into Recombinant TROSPA Protein from Ixodes ricinus (2013)

Lyme disease (also called borreliosis) is a prevalent chronic disease transmitted by ticks and caused by Borrelia burgdorferi s. l. spirochete. At least one tick protein, namely TROSPA from I. scapularis, commonly occurring in the USA, was shown to be required for colonization of the vector by bacteria. Located in the tick gut, TROSPA interacts with the spirochete outer surface protein A (OspA) and initiates the tick colonization. Ixodes ricinus is a primary vector involved in B. burgdorferi s. l. transmission in most European countries. In this study, we characterized the capacities of recombinant TROSPA protein from I. ricinus to interact with OspA from different Borrelia species and to induce an immune response in animals. We also showed that the N-terminal part of TROSPA (a putative transmembrane domain) is not involved in the interaction with OspA and that reduction of the total negative charge on the TROSPA protein impaired TROSPA-OspA binding. In general, the data presented in this paper indicate that recombinant TROSPA protein retains the capacity to form a complex with OspA and induces a significant level of IgG in orally immunized rats. Thus, I. ricinus TROSPA may be considered a good candidate component for an animal vaccine against Borrelia.
Tunable Superomniphobic Surfaces for Sorting Droplets by Surface Tension (2016)

We utilized tunable superomniphobic surfaces with flower-like TiO2 nanostructures to fabricate a simple device with precisely tailored surface energy domains that, for the first time, can sort droplets by surface tension. We envision that our methodology for droplet sorting will enable inexpensive and energy-efficient analytical devices for personalized point-of-care diagnostic platforms, lab-on-a-chip systems, biochemical assays and biosensors.
Route Prediction from Trip Observations (2008)

<div class="htmlview paragraph">This paper develops and tests algorithms for predicting the end-to-end route of a vehicle based on GPS observations of the vehicle's past trips. We show that a large portion a typical driver's trips are repeated. Our algorithms exploit this fact for prediction by matching the first part of a driver's current trip with one of the set of previously observed trips. Rather than predicting upcoming road segments, our focus is on making long term predictions of the route. We evaluate our algorithms using a large corpus of real world GPS driving data acquired from observing over 250 drivers for an average of 15.1 days per subject. Our results show how often and how accurately we can predict a driver's route as a function of the distance already driven.</div>
Hamamelitannin Analogues that Modulate Quorum Sensing as Potentiators of Antibiotics against <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i> (2016)

The modulation of bacterial communication to potentiate the effect of existing antimicrobial drugs is a promising alternative to the development of novel antibiotics. In the present study, we synthesized 58 analogues of hamamelitannin (HAM), a quorum sensing inhibitor and antimicrobial potentiator. These efforts resulted in the identification of an analogue that increases the susceptibility of Staphylococcus aureus towards antibiotics in vitro, in Caenorhabditis elegans, and in a mouse mammary gland infection model, without showing cytotoxicity.
Regiospecific total synthesis of 6-deoxyanthracyclines: 6-deoxycarminomycin (1984)

The regiospecific synthesis of the novel anthracycline 6-deoxycarminomycin (14b)is reported: the construction of the aglycone is based on the coupling of 1,4,5-trimethoxy-3-lithionaphthlene(3) to lactone(9) in a regioselective fashion, a new synthetic approach which provides a general route to 6-deoxyanthracyclinones.
Organo-Lewis Acids As Cocatalysts in Cationic Metallocene Polymerization Catalysis. Unusual Characteristics of Sterically Encumbered Tris(perfluorobiphenyl)borane (1996)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVCommunicationNEXTOrgano-Lewis Acids As Cocatalysts in Cationic Metallocene Polymerization Catalysis. Unusual Characteristics of Sterically Encumbered Tris(perfluorobiphenyl)boraneYou-Xian Chen, Charlotte L. Stern, Shengtian Yang, and Tobin J. MarksView Author Information Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University Evanston, Illinois 60208-3113 Cite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1996, 118, 49, 12451–12452Publication Date (Web):December 11, 1996Publication History Received8 July 1996Published online11 December 1996Published inissue 1 January 1996https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja962315dhttps://doi.org/10.1021/ja962315drapid-communicationACS PublicationsCopyright © 1996 American Chemical SocietyRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views1292Altmetric-Citations166LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (2)»Supporting Information Supporting Information SUBJECTS:Catalysts,Copolymerization,Ions,Physical and chemical properties,Sandwich compounds Get e-Alerts
Who Make Drivers Stop? Towards Driver-centric Risk Assessment: Risk Object Identification via Causal Inference (2020)

A significant amount of people die in road accidents due to driver errors. To reduce fatalities, developing intelligent driving systems assisting drivers to identify potential risks is in an urgent need. Risky situations are generally defined based on collision prediction in the existing works. However, collision is only a source of potential risks, and a more generic definition is required. In this work, we propose a novel driver-centric definition of risk, i.e., objects influencing drivers' behavior are risky. A new task called risk object identification is introduced. We formulate the task as the cause-effect problem and present a novel two-stage risk object identification framework based on causal inference with the proposed object-level manipulable driving model. We demonstrate favorable performance on risk object identification compared with strong baselines on the Honda Research Institute Driving Dataset (HDD). Our framework achieves a substantial average performance boost over a strong baseline by 7.5%.
Low loss factor Co2Z ferrite composites with equivalent permittivity and permeability for ultra-high frequency applications (2014)

Ferrite composites of nominal composition Ba3Co2+xIrxFe24−2xO41 were studied in order to achieve low magnetic and dielectric losses and equivalent permittivity and permeability over a frequency range of 0.3–1 GHz. Crystallographic structure was characterized by X-ray diffraction, which revealed a Z-type phase accompanied by increasing amounts of Y-type phase as the iridium amount was increased. The measured microwave dielectric and magnetic properties showed that the loss tan δε and loss tan δμ decreased by 80% and 90% at 0.8 GHz with the addition of iridium of x = 0.12 and 0.15, respectively. An effective medium approximation was adopted to analyze the composite ferrites having mixed phase structures. Moreover, adding Bi2O3 enabled equivalent values of real permittivity and real permeability over the studied frequency range. The resultant data give rise to low loss factors, i.e., tan δε/ε′ = 0.008 and tan δμ/μ′ = 0.037 at 0.8 GHz, while characteristic impedance was the same as that of free space.
Transmission of the BSE Agent to Mice in the Absence of Detectable Abnormal Prion Protein (1997)

The agent responsible for transmissible spongiform encephalopathies (TSEs) is thought to be a malfolded, protease-resistant version (PrPres) of the normal cellular prion protein (PrP). The interspecies transmission of bovine spongiform encephalopathy (BSE) to mice was studied. Although all of the mice injected with homogenate from BSE-infected cattle brain exhibited neurological symptoms and neuronal death, more than 55 percent had no detectable PrPres. During serial passage, PrPres appeared after the agent became adapted to the new host. Thus, PrPres may be involved in species adaptation, but a further unidentified agent may actually transmit BSE.
Demystifying memory access patterns of FPGA-based graph processing accelerators (2021)

Recent advances in reprogrammable hardware (e. g., FPGAs) and memory technology (e. g., DDR4, HBM) promise to solve performance problems inherent to graph processing like irregular memory access patterns on traditional hardware (e. g., CPU). While several of these graph accelerators were proposed in recent years, it remains difficult to assess their performance and compare them on common graph workloads and accelerator platforms, due to few open source implementations and excessive implementation effort.
Directional synthetic aperture flow imaging (2004)

A method for flow estimation using synthetic aperture imaging and focusing along the flow direction is presented. The method can find the correct velocity magnitude for any flow angle, and full color flow images can be measured using only 32 to 128 pulse emissions. The approach uses spherical wave emissions with a number of defocused elements and a linear frequency-modulated pulse (chirp) to improve the signal-to-noise ratio. The received signals are dynamically focused along the flow direction and these signals are used in a cross-correlation estimator for finding the velocity magnitude. The flow angle is manually determined from the B-mode image. The approach can be used for both tissue and blood velocity determination. The approach was investigated using both simulations and a flow system with a laminar flow. The flow profile was measured with a commercial 7.5 MHz linear array transducer. A plastic tube with an internal diameter of 17 mm was used with an EcoWatt 1 pump generating a laminar, stationary flow. The velocity profile was measured for flow angles of 90 and 60 degrees. The RASMUS research scanner was used for acquiring radio frequency (RF) data from 128 elements of the array, using 8 emissions with 11 elements in each emission. A 20-micros chirp was used during emission. The RF data were subsequently beamformed off-line and stationary echo canceling was performed. The 60-degree flow with a peak velocity of 0.15 m/s was determined using 16 groups of 8 emissions, and the relative standard deviation was 0.36% (0.65 mm/s). Using the same setup for purely transverse flow gave a standard deviation of 1.2% (2.1 mm/s). Variation of the different parameters revealed the sensitivity to number of lines, angle deviations, length of correlation interval, and sampling interval. An in vivo image of the carotid artery and jugular vein of a healthy 29-year-old volunteer was acquired. A full color flow image using only 128 emissions could be made with a high-velocity precision.
Soft x-ray fiber lasing using a plasma waveguide (1995)

A recently developed laser-produced plasma channel is shown to be a promising means to produce an efficient, compact soft x-ray laser. The channel provides a route for efficient high power laser pumping through optical waveguiding of the pump. The channel also acts as a waveguide for generated soft x-rays, since it has wavelength independent mode structure. Channel creation and guided laser pulses of moderate duration and energy can be highly effective in driving nonequilibrium behavior of these plasmas to generate substantial population inversions.
PH-NEUTRAL CONCRETE FOR ATTACHED MICROALGAE AND ENHANCED CARBON DIOXIDE FIXATION - PHASE I (1999)

The novelty/innovation of the proposed work is as follows. Supercritical carbon dioxide (SC-CO {sub 2})-based extrusion and molding technology can be used to produce significantly improved (in terms of strength/unit weight, durability, hardness and chemical resistance) cement-based products. SC-CO{sub 2} can rapidly convert the calcium hydroxide in cured cement to calcium carbonate, which increases the density and unconfined compressive strength in the treated region. In cured concrete, this treated region is typically a several-mm thick layer (generally <{approx}5mm, unless treatment time is excessive). However, we have found that by treating the entire cement matrix with SC-CO{sub 2} as part of the curing process, we can carbonate it rapidly, regardless of the thickness. By ''rapidly'' we mean simultaneous carbonation/curing in < 5 ks even for large cement forms, compared to typical carbonation times of several days or even years at low pressures. Carbonation changes the pH in the treated region from {approx}13 to {approx}8, almost exactly compatible with seawater. Therefore the leaching rates from these cements is reduced. These cement improvements are directed to the development of strong but thin artificial reefs, to which can be attached microalgae used for the enhanced fixation of CO{sub 2}. It is shown below that attached microalgae, as algal beds or reefs, are more efficient for CO{sub 2} fixation by a factor of 20, compared to the open ocean on an area basis. We have performed preliminary tests of the pH-neutral cements of our invention for attachment of microalgae populations. We have found pH-neutral materials which attach microalgae readily. These include silica-enriched (pozzolanic) cements, blast-furnace slags and fly ash, which are also silica-rich. We have already developed technology to simultaneously foam, carbonate and cure the cements; this foaming process further increases cement surface areas for microalgae attachment, in some cases to >10 m{sup 2}/g internal surface area. This project involves a team of researchers with backgrounds in cement technology, supercritical fluid technology, materials science, oceanography, and wetland biogeochemistry.
Modular-Concatenated-Cell (MCC) Multilevel Converter: A Novel Circuit Topology and Innovative Logic-Equations-Based Control Technique (2018)

This paper introduces a new circuit topology for multilevel converters. The proposed multilevel converter circuitry is realized by the cascaded connection of a 2-level converter and modular-concatenated-cell (MCC) H-bridge cells. In the proposed MCC multilevel topology, the classic two-level converter functions as the main converter through generating the major voltage-steps, whereas auxiliary concatenated H-bridge cells produce the intermediate voltage-levels. The overall output voltage is formed by adding the intermediate voltage-levels to the major ones. The crucial distinction between the cascaded H-bridge (CHB) converters and proposed MCC multilevel converter topology is that the latter exploits flying-capacitors (FCs) instead of isolated dc-voltage sources, and uses per-phase redundant switching states to regulate FC voltages. The voltage rating of semiconductor power switches and FCs within the concatenated cells of the proposed MCC multilevel converter all are 1 p.u. that lead to a modular structure.
How it Happened (2018)

Social networks like Twitter and Facebook are the largest sources of public opinion and real-time information on the Internet. If an event is of general interest, news articles follow and eventually a Wikipedia page. We propose the problem of automatic event story generation and archiving by combining social and news data to construct a new type of document in the form of a Wiki-like page structure. We introduce a technique that shows the evolution of a story as perceived by the crowd in social media, along with editorially authored articles annotated with examples of social media as supporting evidence. At the core of our research, is the temporally sensitive extraction of data that serve as context for retrieval purposes. Our approach includes a fine-grained vote counting strategy that is used for weighting purposes, pseudo-relevance feedback and query expansion with social data and web query logs along with a timeline algorithm as the base for a story. We demonstrate the effectiveness of our approach by processing a dataset comprising millions of English language tweets generated over a one year period and present a full implementation of our system.
Extremely thermostable amylolytic enzyme from the archaebacterium Pyrococcus furiosus (1990)

One of the most thermostable and thermoactive enzymes ever described has been characterized from a hyperthermophilic archaebacterium Pyrococcus furiosus. The enzyme system of this bacterium was capable of hydrolyzing starch forming a mixture of various oligosaccharides. Unlike the amylases from aerobic bacteria this enzyme does not require metal ions for activity or stability. The enzyme is catalytically active over a very broad temperature range, namely between 40°C and 140°C. The half life of this peculiar enzyme during autoclaving at 120°C is 2 h.
Probing the adenosine receptor with adenosine and xanthine biotin conjugates (1985)

Biotin-containing analogs of a potent agonist (N6-phenyladenosine) and a potent antagonist (1,3-dipropyl-8-phenylxanthine) of adenosine receptor activity have been synthesized. A spacer chain to the biotin moiety is attached in both cases to the para-position of the phenyl ring. Two biotin conjugates of N6-phenyladenosine differing only in the length of the spacer chain bind to the adenosine receptor and to avidin simultaneously. The shorter-chain derivative was more potent in inhibiting binding of N6-[3H]cyclohexyladenosine to rat cerebral cortical membranes (Ki of 11 nM in the absence of avidin, 36 nM for the avidin complex). Three biotin conjugates of 1,3-dipropyl-8-phenylxanthine bound competitively to the adenosine receptor, but only in the absence of avidin. The results are interpreted in terms of the possible orientation of the ligands at the receptor binding site.
Algorithm for parallel inverse halftoning using partitioning of Look-Up Table (LUT) (2008)

The look-up table (LUT) method for inverse halftoning is fast and computation-free technique employed to obtain good quality images. In this work we propose a new algorithm to parallelize the LUT method so that more pixels can be concurrently inverse halftoned using minimum additional hardware. The proposed algorithm partitions the single LUT of serial LUT method into N smaller look-up tables (s-LUTs) such that the total number of entries in all s-LUTs remain equal to the number of entries in the single LUT of serial LUT method. The proposed algorithm can be implemented on a single FPGA (field programmable gate arrays) device with external memories to store s-LUTs.
Magnetic Tunnel Junctions with Perpendicular Anisotropy Using a Co$_{2}$FeAl Full-Heusler Alloy (2012)

We fabricated perpendicularly magnetized magnetic tunnel junctions (p-MTJs) with an ultrathin Co2FeAl (CFA) full-Heusler alloy electrode having large interface magnetic anisotropy of CFA/MgO. An out-of-plane tunnel magnetoresistance (TMR) ratio of 53% at room temperature was observed in CFA/MgO/Co20Fe60B20 p-MTJs. By inserting a 0.1-nm-thick Fe (Co50Fe50) layer between the MgO and Co20Fe60B20 layers, The TMR ratio was significantly enhanced to 91% (82%) due to the improved interface. The bias voltage dependence of differential conductance did not clearly show coherent tunneling characteristics for ultrathin CFA-MTJs, suggesting that a higher TMR ratio may be achieved by improving the B2 ordering of CFA and/or interface structure.
From x-ray telescopes to neutron focusing (2011)

In the case of neutrons the refractive index is slightly less than unity for most elements and their isotopes [1]. Consequently, thermal and cold neutrons can be reflected from smooth surfaces at grazing-incidence angles. Hence, the optical technologies developed for x-ray astronomy can be applied for neutron focusing. The focusing capabilities of grazing incidence neutron imaging optics have been successfully demonstrated using nickel mirrors. The mirrors were fabricated using an electroformed nickel replication process at Marshall Space Flight Center. Results of the neutron optics experiments and current status of the multilayer coating replication technique development are presented.