gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Groupthink and Integrative Complexity in British Foreign Policy-Making: the Munich Case (1989)

Walker, S. G. and Watson, G. L. Groupthink and Integrative Complexity in British Foreign Policy-Making: the Munich Case. Cooperation and Conflict, XXIV, 1989, 199-212. We focus in this paper upon the groupthink construct as a partial explanation for the flawed decision-making by British leaders in managing the Munich crisis with Germany. In order to assess its explanatory power, we follow the precedent established in previous case studies, which explore the link between groupthink and the levels of integrative complexity exhibited by decision-makers. The hypothesis linking the two phenomena is that in cases where groupthink is present, the level of integrative complexity will be significantly lower than in cases where it is absent. The Munich case is a particularly appropriate case for replicating the test of this hypothesis because, unlike other groupthink cases, it did not lead to unsuccessful military interventions or escalations. Our results indicate that: (1) groupthink existed in the Munich case; however, it did not persist throughout the entire crisis. (2) Its presence and absence within the crisis fluctuated consistently with the expectations associated with the theory which accounts for its dynamics. (3) The integrative complexity exhibited by Prime Minister Chamberlain and Foreign Secretary Halifax varied as predicted by the hypothesis linking it with groupthink.
Genetic linkage of familial expansile osteolysis to chromosome 18q (1994)

Familial expansile osteolysis is a rare bone dysplasia which is transmitted as an autosomal dominant trait in a large kindred in Northern Ireland. The gene which causes the disease shows tight linkage with several polymorphic markers on chromosome 18q with a maximum lod score of 11.53 at a recombination fraction of 0.00 with D18S64. The gene is flanked by D18S35 and D18S61 and is located at chromosome 18q21.1-q22. Mapping a new locus for a gene involved in regulation of bone metabolism may also have implications in the study of Paget's disease of bone which is a common related bone dysplasia.
Angular-shaped naphthodifurans, naphtho[1,2-b;5,6-b′]- and naphtho[2,1-b;6,5-b′]-difuran: are they isoelectronic with chrysene? (2012)

Although angular-shaped naphthodifurans, naphtho[1,2-b;5,6-b']- and naphtho[2,1-b;6,5-b']-difuran, are formally isoelectronic with chrysene as their thiophene counterparts, naphtho[1,2-b;5,6-b']- and naphtho[2,1-b;6,5-b']-dithiophene, the HOMO energy level of naphthodifurans is much higher than those of naphthodithiophenes and chrysene. The difference in electronic structure in the ground state can be explained by distinct electronic perturbation from the outermost aromatic rings.
Expression of an Arabidopsis Vacuolar Sodium/Proton Antiporter Gene in Cotton Improves Photosynthetic Performance Under Salt Conditions and Increases Fiber Yield in the Field (2005)

Drought and salinity are two major limiting factors in crop productivity. One way to reduce crop loss caused by drought and salinity is to increase the solute concentration in the vacuoles of plant cells. The accumulation of sodium ions inside the vacuoles provides a 2-fold advantage: (i) reducing the toxic levels of sodium in cytosol; and (ii) increasing the vacuolar osmotic potential with the concomitant generation of a more negative water potential that favors water uptake by the cell and better tissue water retention under high soil salinity. The success of this approach was demonstrated in several plants, where the overexpression of the Arabidopsis gene AtNHX1 that encodes a vacuolar sodium/proton antiporter resulted in higher plant salt tolerance. Overexpression of AtNHX1 increases sodium uptake in vacuoles, which leads to increased vacuolar solute concentration and therefore higher salt tolerance in transgenic plants. In an effort to engineer cotton for higher drought and salt tolerance, we created transgenic cotton plants expressing AtNHX1. These AtNHX1-expressing cotton plants generated more biomass and produced more fibers when grown in the presence of 200 mM NaCl in greenhouse conditions. The increased fiber yield was probably due to better photosynthetic performance and higher nitrogen assimilation rates observed in the AtNHX1-expressing cotton plants as compared with wild-type cotton plants under saline conditions. Furthermore, the field-grown AtNHX1-expressing cotton plants produced more fibers with better quality, indicating that AtNHX1 can indeed be used for improving salt stress tolerance in cotton.
Thermal Dosimetry Session: Summary of Discussion (1984)

The purpose of this session was to discuss various concepts relating to thermal dosimetry. The first paper, presented by M. W. Dewhirst, explained how a particular thermal dose unit can be used to predict response in vivo in real-life clinical tumors. The second paper by J. W. Strohbehn discussed power depo sition and temperature distributions to be expected from certain power deposition patterns. R. B. Roemer presented the third paper concerning heat transfer models, and the fourth paper by P. Fessenden discussed temperature measurements within the clinic. The final paper, by T. C. Cetas, was speculative and presented other approaches to thermometry and, in particular, dealt with the issue of thermal tomography. Following the first paper, W. C. Dewey asked if the complica tions of thermal infarcts following therapy were a consequence of high temperature in the tumor or high normal tissue temper atures near the tumor. Dewhirst replied that the correlation was with very high tumor temperatures, and the infarcts probably resulted from damage to the microcirculation and in the release of local toxins by the tumor as a consequence of therapy. While his thermal dosimetry was not perfect, the impression was that the temperatures of the normal tissue were not excessive. B. Emami asked if the difference in response rates for radiofrequency heating and microwave heating was due to fundamen tal differences. Dewhirst replied that, in general, he was able to heat tumors more uniformly with the radiofrequency system than with the microwave system and, hence, was less likely to have cold spots and, therefore, a poor response. G. H. Nussbaum raised the issue of where the temperatures were measured within the tumor. Dewhirst replied that the thermometers were placed in a regular pattern, and temperatures were measured in each tumor. Specific locations selected thus became a problem in statistical sampling. He gave the analogy of walking into an alfalfa field and randomly selecting samples of plants. A search for a specific specimen is not made but, rather, one accepts what is given from a random sample and then attempts to generalize based upon the random sample. Following Strohbehn's lecture, there was substantial discus
Open Data Kit 2.0 (2017)

In resource-constrained communities, organizations often use information and communication technologies to amplify their limited resources to improve education, health, and economic opportunity. Over two-thirds of the world's population have mobile phones, yet less than half are connected to the Internet [23]. Organizations helping disadvantaged populations often rely on mobile devices as their primary computing resource because of their availability in resource-constrained contexts. However, to reach under-served populations, mobile applications often operate in areas with no connectivity or challenged network environments. Unfortunately, many mobile application frameworks are generally not well-suited for long periods of disconnected data collection and management. Furthermore, mobile application frameworks are generally aimed at users with significant technical skills and resources. In this paper, we discuss our experiences building, deploying, and refining the Open Data Kit (ODK) 2.0 tool suite. ODK 2.0 is a modular application framework that facilitates organizations with limited technical capacity to build application-specific information services for use in disconnected environments. We discuss ODK 2.0's flexible abstractions that enable users of varying technical skill levels to create customizable mobile data management solutions. We present ODK 2.0 case studies involving multiple organizations and discuss lessons learned from building a service-based mobile application framework for disconnected data management.
Fast copper-, ligand- and solvent-free Sonogashira coupling in a ball mill (2010)

A solvent-free method for the Sonogashira coupling reaction was established under ball milling conditions without the use of copper or additional ligands. Pd(OAc)2 or Pd(PPh3)4 in combination with 1,4-diazabicyclo[2.2.2]octane (DABCO) were chosen as catalysts and base, respectively. The reaction was investigated using a variety of aryl halides and acetylenes and with different amounts of the Pd-catalyst and DABCO. Results indicated that the employment of Pd(OAc)2 in combination with SiO2 as a grinding auxiliary preferentially induces the transformation of aryl iodides to the corresponding Sonogashira coupling products. In contrast, both the substitution of SiO2 by Al2O3 or replacement of Pd(OAc)2 with Pd(PPh3)4 enable the reaction of aryl bromides with phenylacetylenes. The selective reaction of bis-ethynyl compounds to double-coupled products and the influence of further common bases on the reaction was also scrutinized, confirming the high reactivity of DABCO as a base for solvent-free transformations.
Using a Cognitive Architecture for Opponent Target Prediction (2014)

18.02.14 KB. Ok to add accepted version to spiral, paper available on publisher website under CC license.
Character Recogntion System: Performance Comparison of Neural Networks and Genetic Algorithm (2015)

In this paper, we present a Character Recognition System: Performance Comparison of Artificial Neural Networks and Genetic Algorithm for the character recognition using the Artificial Neural Networks (ANN) and Genetic Algorithm (GA) and measure performance by changing various selection criteria of both algorithms. Mainly, Back propagation Learning Neural Network Algorithm (BPN) as the ANN is used. This system has been taken the character's image as its input. The input images have been filtered by filtering methods of image processing to remove noise and smoothing it and converted to binary image to detect its edges properly and clipped to get the actual image to input. Features of each individual clipped image have been extracted by taking a definite resize binary image value. These extracted features of input images of characters are used by the Back propagation Learning Neural Network Algorithm and Genetic Algorithm. Thus the network has been trained and creates a knowledge base of recognition. The same procedures have been applied for recognition but with only difference is that the neural network is used the previously learned weights and thresholds to calculate the output for BPN. In this paper, the performances of changing the various selection criteria of both algorithms have been also measured to learn and recognize the character.
Torsin Mediates Primary Envelopment of Large Ribonucleoprotein Granules at the Nuclear Envelope (2013)

A previously unrecognized mechanism through which large ribonucleoprotein (megaRNP) granules exit the nucleus is by budding through the nuclear envelope (NE). This mechanism is akin to the nuclear egress of herpes-type viruses and is essential for proper synapse development. However, the molecular machinery required to remodel the NE during this process is unknown. Here, we identify Torsin, an AAA-ATPase that in humans is linked to dystonia, as a major mediator of primary megaRNP envelopment during NE budding. In torsin mutants, megaRNPs accumulate within the perinuclear space, and the messenger RNAs contained within fail to reach synaptic sites, preventing normal synaptic protein synthesis and thus proper synaptic bouton development. These studies begin to establish the cellular machinery underlying the exit of megaRNPs via budding, offer an explanation for the "nuclear blebbing" phenotype found in dystonia models, and provide an important link between Torsin and the synaptic phenotypes observed in dystonia.
A Cubic 3-Axis Magnetic Sensor Array for Wirelessly Tracking Magnet Position and Orientation (2010)

In medical diagnoses and treatments, e.g., endoscopy, dosage transition monitoring, it is often desirable to wirelessly track an object that moves through the human GI tract. In this paper, we propose a magnetic localization and orientation system for such applications. This system uses a small magnet enclosed in the object to serve as excitation source, so it does not require the connection wire and power supply for the excitation signal. When the magnet moves, it establishes a static magnetic field around, whose intensity is related to the magnet's position and orientation. With the magnetic sensors, the magnetic intensities in some predetermined spatial positions can be detected, and the magnet's position and orientation parameters can be computed based on an appropriate algorithm. Here, we propose a real-time tracking system developed by a cubic magnetic sensor array made of Honeywell 3-axis magnetic sensors, HMC1043. Using some efficient software modules and calibration methods, the system can achieve satisfactory tracking accuracy if the cubic sensor array has enough number of 3-axis magnetic sensors. The experimental results show that the average localization error is 1.8 mm.
Nucleotide precursor in riboflavin biosynthesis. (1976)

it is well known through many reports (1-4) that purines are pre
Natural image understanding using algorithm selection and high-level feedback (2013)

Natural Image processing and understanding encompasses hundreds or even thousands of different algorithms. Each algorithm has a certain peak performance for a particular set of input features and configurations of the objects/regions of the input image (environment). To obtain the best possible result of processing, we propose an algorithm selection approach that permits to always use the most appropriate algorithm for the given input image. This is obtained by at first selecting an algorithm based on low level features such as color intensity, histograms, spectral coefficients. The resulting high level image description is then analyzed for logical inconsistencies (contradictions) that are then used to refine the selection of the processing elements. The feedback created from the contradiction information is executed by a Bayesian Network that integrates both the features and a higher level information selection processes. The selection stops when the high level inconsistencies are all resolved or no more different algorithms can be selected.
A Convenient Method for the Synthesis of Carbamate Esters from Amines and Tetraethylammonium Hydrogen Carbonate (1998)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVNoteNEXTA Convenient Method for the Synthesis of Carbamate Esters from Amines and Tetraethylammonium Hydrogen CarbonateAchille Inesi, Vittoria Mucciante, and Leucio RossiView Author Information Dipartimento di Chimica, Ingegneria Chimica e Materiali, Università degli Studi, I-67040 Monteluco di Roio, L'Aquila, Italy Cite this: J. Org. Chem. 1998, 63, 4, 1337–1338Publication Date (Web):January 30, 1998Publication History Received11 September 1997Published online30 January 1998Published inissue 1 February 1998https://doi.org/10.1021/jo971695yCopyright © 1998 American Chemical SocietyRIGHTS & PERMISSIONSArticle Views1372Altmetric-Citations45LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit Read OnlinePDF (26 KB) Get e-AlertsSupporting Info (1)»Supporting Information Supporting Information SUBJECTS:Amines,Inorganic carbon compounds,Organic compounds,Reactivity,Reagents Get e-Alerts
Bacteriophages: Uncharacterized and Dynamic Regulators of the Immune System (2019)

The human gut is an extremely active immunological site interfacing with the densest microbial community known to colonize the human body, the gut microbiota. Despite tremendous advances in our comprehension of how the gut microbiota is involved in human health and interacts with the mammalian immune system, most studies are incomplete as they typically do not consider bacteriophages. These bacterial viruses are estimated to be as numerous as their bacterial hosts, with tremendous and mostly uncharacterized genetic diversity. In addition, bacteriophages are not passive members of the gut microbiota, as highlighted by the recent evidence for their active involvement in human health. Yet, how bacteriophages interact with their bacterial hosts and the immune system in the human gut remains poorly described. Here, we aim to fill this gap by providing an overview of bacteriophage communities in the gut during human development, detailing recent findings for their bacterial-mediated effects on the immune response and summarizing the latest evidence for direct interactions between them and the immune system. The dramatic increase in antibiotic-resistant bacterial pathogens has spurred a renewed interest in using bacteriophages for therapy, despite the many unknowns about bacteriophages in the human body. Going forward, more studies encompassing the communities of bacteria, bacteriophages, and the immune system in diverse health and disease settings will provide invaluable insight into this dynamic trio essential for human health.
Anomaly Detection in Logged Sensor Data (2015)

Anomaly detection methods are used in a wide variety of fields to extract important information (e.g. credit\ncard fraud, presence of tumours or sensor malfunctions). Current anomaly detection methods are data- or\napplication specific; a general anomaly detection method would be a useful tool in many situations.\nIn this thesis a general method based on statistics is developed and evaluated. The method includes\nwell-known statistical tools as well as a novel algorithm (sensor profiling) which is introduced in this thesis.\nThe general method makes use of correlations found in complex sensor systems, which consists of several\nsensor signals. The method is evaluated using real sensor data provided by Volvo Car Corporation. The sensor\nprofiling can be used to find clusters of data with similar probability distributions. It is used to automatically\ndetermine the sensor performance across different external conditions.\nEvaluating the anomaly detection method on a data set with known anomalies in one sensor signal results\nin 94 % of anomalies detected at 6 % false detection rate. Evaluating the method on additional sensor signals\nwas not done. The sensor profiling revealed conditions where the sensor signal behaves qualitatively and\nquantitatively different. It is able to do this in data where other commonly used methods, such as regression\nanalysis, fail to extract any information. Sensor profiling may have additional applications beyond anomaly\ndetection as it is able to extract information when other methods can not.\nTo conclude, this thesis presents a seemingly natural method and tool chain to automatically detect anomalies\nin any sensor data that can be represented as a time series. The performance of this method is still to be\nproven on a large set of general sensor data, but it shows promise, mainly for sensor systems consisting of\nseveral sensor signals.
Molecular Diversity of VEGF-A as a Regulator of Its Biological Activity (2009)

The vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) family of proteins regulates blood flow, growth, and function in both normal physiology and disease processes. VEGF-A is alternatively spliced to form multiple isoforms, in two subfamilies, that have specific, novel functions. Alternative splicing of exons 5-7 of the VEGF gene generates forms with differing bioavailability and activities, whereas alternative splice-site selection in exon 8 generates proangiogenic, termed VEGF(xxx), or antiangiogenic proteins, termed VEGF(xxx)b. Despite its name, emerging roles for VEGF isoforms on cell types other than endothelium have now been identified. Although VEGF-A has conventionally been considered to be a family of proangiogenic, propermeability vasodilators, the identification of effects on nonendothelial cells, and the discovery of the antiangiogenic subfamily of splice isoforms, has added further complexity to their regulation of microvascular function. The distally spliced antiangiogenic isoforms are expressed in normal human tissue, but downregulated in angiogenic diseases, such as cancer and proliferative retinopathy, and in developmental pathologies, such as Denys Drash syndrome and preeclampsia. Here, we examine the molecular diversity of VEGF-A as a regulator of its biological activity and compare the role of the pro- and antiangiogenic VEGF-A splice isoforms in both normal and pathophysiological processes.
Disability and Poor Quality of Life Associated With Comorbid Anxiety Disorders and Physical Conditions (2006)

Anxiety disorders are independently associated with several physical conditions in the community, and this comorbidity is significantly associated with poor quality of life and disability.
Polarization-diversity Stokes-analyzer-based coherent receiver (2019)

Since the conventional coherent transceiver is costly to be deployed in short-reach networks due to its complicated receiver structure, it is desired to simplify the structure itself. In this paper, we propose a simple polarization-diversity coherent receiver structure by exploiting the concept of the Stokes analyzer. Compared to the conventional architecture, the number of the photodiodes (PDs) is reduced from eight to six without relying on complicated analog circuits. In addition, splitters and combiners for dual-polarization (DP) signals can be replaced with only one polarization beam splitter or combiner (PBS/C). For evaluation of the proof-of-concept (PoC), we developed a prototype of the receiver using free-space optical components. We demonstrate the transmission of 120-Gb/s DP quadrature phase-shift keying (QPSK) and DP 8-ary quadrature-amplitude modulation (8QAM) signals over a 100-km single-mode fiber (SMF). We believe that the demonstrated architecture could potentially be integrated monolithically on silicon-photonic or InP platforms to realize compact and low-cost coherent transceivers for short-reach applications.
ChemInform Abstract: METHYL 3,4‐DIPHENYLCYCLOPENTADIENONEDICARBOXYLATE‐ ADDITION AND PHOTOOXIDATION REACTIONS. 3,4‐DIPHENYL‐2‐FURANONE, 3,4‐DIPHENYL‐2‐PYRROLINONE AN CORRESPONDING DEHYDRODIMERS (1977)

Abstract Der Cyclodienondiester (II) reagiert mit Aceton unter 1,2‐Addition zu dem Ketoldiester (I) und mit den Agenzien (III) unter 1,4‐Addition zu den Derivaten (IV).