gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Cooxidation of styrene by horseradish peroxidase and phenols: a biochemical model for protein-mediated cooxidation (1987)

Styrene is oxidized to styrene oxide and benzaldehyde when incubated with horseradish peroxidase, H2O2, and 4-methylphenol. Styrene oxide is not formed in the absence of any of these reaction components or of molecular oxygen. The coupling products 2-(4-methylphenoxy)-1-phenylethane, 2-(4-methylphenoxy)-1-phenylethan-1-ol, and 2-(4-methylphenoxy)-2-phenylethan-1-ol are not formed, but the ortho-linked dimer of 4-methylphenol is a major product. The epoxide oxygen is labeled in the presence of 18O2 but not H218O2. Styrene oxide formation is not inhibited by mannitol or superoxide dismutase. The stereochemistry of trans-[1-2H]styrene is partially scrambled in the epoxide product. EPR signals attributable to the 2,4-dihydroxy-5-methylphenoxy radical, a product of the oxidation of 4-methylcatechol, are observed if Zn2+ is added to stabilize the radical. This radical is only detected in the presence of styrene. The results imply that styrene is epoxidized by the hydroperoxy radical generated by addition of molecular oxygen to the 4-methylphenoxy radical. The epoxidation mimics the chemistry proposed to occur in the protein-mediated cooxidation of styrene by hemoglobin and myoglobin.
Dysregulation of LPS-Induced Toll-Like Receptor 4-MyD88 Complex Formation and IL-1 Receptor-Associated Kinase 1 Activation in Endotoxin-Tolerant Cells (2002)

Prior exposure to LPS induces a transient state of cell refractoriness to subsequent LPS restimulation, known as endotoxin tolerance. Induction of LPS tolerance has been reported to correlate with decreased cell surface expression of the LPS receptor complex, Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4)/MD-2. However, other results have underscored the existence of mechanisms of LPS tolerance that operate downstream of TLR4/MD-2. In the present study we sought to delineate further the molecular basis of LPS tolerance by examining the TLR4 signaling pathway in endotoxin-tolerant cells. Pretreatment of human monocytes with LPS decreased LPS-mediated NF-kappaB activation, p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase phosphorylation, and TNF-alpha gene expression, documenting the induction of endotoxin tolerance. FACS and Western blot analyses of LPS-tolerant monocytes showed increased TLR2 expression, whereas TLR4 expression levels were not affected. Comparable levels of mRNA and protein for myeloid differentiation factor 88 (MyD88), IL-1R-associated kinase 1 (IRAK-1), and TNFR-associated factor-6 were found in normal and LPS-tolerant monocytes, while MD-2 mRNA expression was slightly increased in LPS-tolerant cells. LPS induced the association of MyD88 with TLR4 and increased IRAK-1 activity in medium-pretreated cells. In LPS-tolerant monocytes, however, MyD88 failed to be recruited to TLR4, and IRAK-1 was not activated in response to LPS stimulation. Moreover, endotoxin-tolerant CHO cells that overexpress human TLR4 and MD-2 also showed decreased IRAK-1 kinase activity in response to LPS despite the failure of LPS to inhibit cell surface expression of transfected TLR4 and MD-2 proteins. Thus, decreased TLR4-MyD88 complex formation with subsequent impairment of IRAK-1 activity may underlie the LPS-tolerant phenotype.
Silicon-Nitride Platform for Narrowband Entangled Photon Generation (2015)

CMOS-compatible photonic chips are highly desirable for real-world quantum optics devices due to their scalability, robustness, and integration with electronics. Despite impressive advances using Silicon nanostructures, challenges remain in reducing their linear and nonlinear losses and in creating narrowband photons necessary for interfacing with quantum memories. Here we demonstrate the potential of the silicon nitride (Si3N4) platform by realizing an ultracompact, bright, entangled photon-pair source with selectable photon bandwidths down to 30 MHz, which is unprecedented for an integrated source. Leveraging Si3N4's moderate thermal expansion, simple temperature control of the chip enables precise wavelength stabilization and tunability without active control. Single-mode photon pairs at 1550 nm are generated at rates exceeding 107 s-1 with mW's of pump power and are used to produce time-bin entanglement. Moreover, Si3N4 allows for operation from the visible to the mid-IR, which make it highly promising for a wide range of integrated quantum photonics applications.
Incorporating relational data into the Semantic Web. (2006)

Relational.OWL ist ein Verfahren, mit dem relationale Datenbestande automatisch in ihre Semantic Web Reprasentation uberfuhrt werden konnen. Dieses Verfahren ermoglicht es somit, Anwendungen des Semantic Web, auf diese vormals relationalen Daten zuzugreifen. Nachdem eine derartige Darstellung aber keine echte Semantik enthalt, zeigen wir zusatzlich wie die Daten unter Benutzung einer abgeschlossenen RDF-Anfragesprache, zu Instanzen einer Ziel-Ontologie umgewandelt werden konnen. Mit den aktuellen Methoden des Semantic Web, kann ein relationaler Datenbestand nach seiner Umwandlung in RDF nicht wieder bis zu seiner ursprunglichen Datenquelle zuruckverfolgt werden. Deshalb fuhren wir in dieser Arbeit zusatzlich ein neuartiges URI-Schema ein, mit dem sich relationale Datenbanken, einschlieslich ihrer Daten- und Schema-Komponenten eindeutig kennzeichnen lassen.
Agent Collaborative Target Localization and Classification in Wireless Sensor Networks (2007)

Wireless sensor networks (WSNs) are autonomous networks that have beenfrequently deployed to collaboratively perform target localization and classification tasks.Their autonomous and collaborative features resemble the characteristics of agents. Suchsimilarities inspire the development of heterogeneous agent architecture for WSN in thispaper. The proposed agent architecture views WSN as multi-agent systems and mobileagents are employed to reduce in-network communication. According to the architecture,an energy based acoustic localization algorithm is proposed. In localization, estimate oftarget location is obtained by steepest descent search. The search algorithm adapts tomeasurement environments by dynamically adjusting its termination condition. With theagent architecture, target classification is accomplished by distributed support vectormachine (SVM). Mobile agents are employed for feature extraction and distributed SVMlearning to reduce communication load. Desirable learning performance is guaranteed bycombining support vectors and convex hull vectors. Fusion algorithms are designed tomerge SVM classification decisions made from various modalities. Real world experimentswith MICAz sensor nodes are conducted for vehicle localization and classification.Experimental results show the proposed agent architecture remarkably facilitates WSNdesigns and algorithm implementation. The localization and classification algorithms alsoprove to be accurate and energy efficient.
Novel Hydrophobic Standards for Membrane Protein Molecular Weight Determinations via Sodium Dodecyl Sulfate−Polyacrylamide Gel Electrophoresis (2010)

Sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) is a universally employed technique that separates proteins on the basis of molecular weight (MW). However, membrane proteins are known to size anomalously on SDS-PAGE calibrated with conventional standards, an issue that complicates interpretation of protein identity, purity, degradation, and/or stoichiometry. Here we describe the preparation of novel polyleucine hydrophobic standards for SDS-PAGE that reduce the average deviation of the apparent MW from the formula MW of natural membrane proteins to 7% versus 20% with commercially available standards. Our results suggest that gel calibration with hydrophobic standards may facilitate the interpretation of membrane protein SDS-PAGE experiments.
Viscoelastic properties of Pseudomonas aeruginosa variant biofilms (2018)

Pseudomonas aeruginosa evolves during chronic pulmonary infections of cystic fibrosis (CF) patients, forming pathoadapted variants that are persistent. Mucoid and rugose small-colony variants (RSCVs) are typically isolated from sputum of CF patients. These variants overproduce exopolysaccharides in the biofilm extracellular polymeric substance (EPS). Currently, changes to the biophysical properties of RSCV and mucoid biofilms due to variations in EPS are not well understood. This knowledge may reveal how lung infections resist host clearance mechanisms. Here, we used mechanical indentation and shear rheometry to analyse the viscoelasticity of RSCV and mucoid colony-biofilms compared to their isogenic parent at 2-, 4-, and 6-d. While the viscoelasticity of parental colony-biofilms underwent fluctuating temporal changes, in contrast, RSCV and mucoid colony-biofilms showed a gradual progression to more elastic-solid behaviour. Theoretical indices of mucociliary and cough clearance predict that mature 6-d parental and RSCV biofilms may show reduced cough clearance from the lung, while early mucoid biofilms may show reduced clearance by both mechanisms. We propose that viscoelasticity be considered a virulence property of biofilms.
A new 3-bit programming algorithm using SLC-to-TLC migration for 8MB/s high performance TLC NAND flash memory (2012)

We have developed a new 3-bit programming algorithm of high performance TLC(Triple-level-cell, 3-bit/cell) NAND flash memories for 20nm node and beyond. By using the proposed 3-bit algorithm based on reprogramming with SLC-to-TLC migration, performance and BER is improved by 50% and 68%, respectively, compared to conventional method. The proposed algorithm is successfully implemented in 21nm 64Gb TLC NAND flash product that provides 8MB/s write and 400MB/s read throughputs.
An efficient baseband modem technique for data transmission over analog FM links (1992)

In mobile radio where data are transmitted over existing analog FM systems, the receive bandpass bandwidth, which is adapted to the analog speech transmission, is larger than would be required by data transmission. This results in poor error performance. A novel baseband modem technique which drastically improves the error performance is proposed and analyzed. A smearing filter is used to convert the compound baseband noise at the limiter discriminator output to approximately Gaussian noise. This optimizes the performance at large carrier-to-noise ratios (CNRs). A baseband click detection and elimination scheme, which improves the performance at small CNR is proposed. Simulation results show that this system requires 3.8 dB less CNR than the conventional digital FM system to achieve a bit error probability of 10/sup -4/. It is concluded that the technique is attractive for data transmission over analog FM links.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
The via squeeze (1999)

Already less than 150 μm in diameter, vias can no longer be economically produced by mechanical drilling, as are conventional throughholes. Instead, they must be made by such alternative processes as laser ablation or the photochemical etching of thin dielectrics built up on either side of a conventional circuit board core. The new microvias are electrical paths less than 0.1 mm in diameter running between one layer of the circuit board structure and another. The first major change in the technology in 30 years, microvias are gaining momentum and pushing the printed-circuit industry to use new materials and new processes.
The Near-field Radiation Pattern of an OLED Panel and Its Application in Detection (2018)

Organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs) show several attractive features superior to traditional semiconductor LEDs, especially on flexibility. In this paper, we model the near-field radiation pattern of an OLED panel for the first time. In this scenario, the OLED cannot be viewed as a point light source, and its shape and size are considered in modeling. As the OLED panel can be seen as an aggregation of massive tiny Lambertian light sources, we obtain its radiation pattern through 3-dimensional analytical integration and evaluate it numerically. We also propose a parametric mixed Gaussian model to fit its pattern and find model parameters by simulation. An application of the OLED in detection is further studied. Compared with the Lambertian source, the OLED panel has broader irradiation range and shows better performance on detection. The distance between optical source and the obstacle can be estimated by the time of arrival according to the impulse response.
Contemporary Approaches to Modulating the Nitric Oxide–cGMP Pathway in Cardiovascular Disease (2017)

Endothelial cells lining the vessel wall control important aspects of vascular homeostasis. In particular, the production of endothelium-derived nitric oxide and activation of soluble guanylate cyclase promotes endothelial quiescence and governs vasomotor function and proportional remodeling of blood vessels. Here, we discuss novel approaches to improve endothelial nitric oxide generation and preserve its bioavailability. We also discuss therapeutic opportunities aimed at activation of soluble guanylate cyclase for multiple cardiovascular indications.
Virtual Mirror Rendering With Stationary RGB-D Cameras and Stored 3-D Background (2013)

Mirrors are indispensable objects in our lives. The capability of simulating a mirror on a computer display, augmented with virtual scenes and objects, opens the door to many interesting and useful applications from fashion design to medical interventions. Realistic simulation of a mirror is challenging as it requires accurate viewpoint tracking and rendering, wide-angle viewing of the environment, as well as real-time performance to provide immediate visual feedback. In this paper, we propose a virtual mirror rendering system using a network of commodity structured-light RGB-D cameras. The depth information provided by the RGB-D cameras can be used to track the viewpoint and render the scene from different prospectives. Missing and erroneous depth measurements are common problems with structured-light cameras. A novel depth denoising and completion algorithm is proposed in which the noise removal and interpolation procedures are guided by the foreground/background label at each pixel. The foreground/background label is estimated using a probabilistic graphical model that considers color, depth, background modeling, depth noise modeling, and spatial constraints. The wide viewing angle of the mirror system is realized by combining the dynamic scene, captured by the static camera network with a 3-D background model created off-line, using a color-depth sequence captured by a movable RGB-D camera. To ensure a real-time response, a scalable client-and-server architecture is used with the 3-D point cloud processing, the viewpoint estimate, and the mirror image rendering are all done on the client side. The mirror image and the viewpoint estimate are then sent to the server for final mirror view synthesis and viewpoint refinement. Experimental results are presented to show the accuracy and effectiveness of each component and the entire system.
Ad auctions with data (2012)

The holy grail of online advertising is to target users with ads matched to their needs with such precision that the users respond to the ads, thereby increasing both advertisers' and users' value. The current approach to this challenge utilizes information about the users: their gender, their location, the websites they have visited before, and so on. Incorporating this data in ad auctions poses an economic challenge: can this be done in a way that the auctioneer's revenue does not decrease (at least on average)? This is the problem we study in this paper. Our main result is that in Myerson's optimal mechanism, additional data leads to additional revenue. However in simpler auctions, namely the second price auction with reserve prices, there are instances in which additional data decreases the revenue, albeit by only a small constant factor.
Blockchains Can Work for Car Insurance: Using Smart Contracts and Sensors to Provide On-Demand Coverage (2018)

Blockchains and sensors installed on a vehicle could be combined to semiautomatically activate/deactivate car insurance coverage in an envisaged on-demand insurance scenario. We present a prototype that includes a mobile application (app) and a portable electronic device to be installed onboard. The mobile app lets the driver dynamically change the status of specific insurance coverage (in some cases, after pictures of the vehicle have been taken to attest to its conditions). Each modification and picture hash (a fixed-length alphanumeric summary of data content) are saved on the blockchain within a smart contract to certify changes made as well as the vehicle's status. Sensors embedded in the electronic device are used to collect passengers' and the vehicle?s data. Data are then used to automatically modify insurance coverage based on car/environment conditions and the preferences set. The proposed solution could help lower policy modification costs and limit insurance fraud.
Two-dimensional asymptotic iterative elastic inversion (1992)

An asymptotic linearized iterative elastic inversion method is proposed to invert 2-D Earth parameters from multicomponent data and is tested numerically. The forward problem is solved by a combination of the Born approximation and ray theoretical methods. We express the perturbed seismogram in terms of perturbations of P- and S-wave impedances and density. The inversion method is based on generalized least squares. We introduce a special form of the ℓ2 norm with a weighting function that corrects for geometrical spreading and obliquity of the reflectors. The Hessian for this norm could be estimated in a closed form that is asymptotically valid at high frequencies. We propose a quasi-Newtonian iterative method for the solution of the inverse problem. The first iteration of this inversion method resembles the operator proposed by Beylkin (1985) and Beylkin & Burridge (1990) for the asymptotic inversion of seismic data. Our method is more general than theirs because it can handle arbitrary discrete distributions of sources and receivers. Elastic inversion is generally ill-posed because the problem is overdetermined but undersampled. We study the resolution of the asymptotic inversion method for general sets of sources and receivers. We show that simultaneous inversion for both P- and S-wave impedance is generally ill-conditioned if data for a single scattering mode are available. In particular, it seems that only one parameter can be reliably resolved from marine data. Simultaneous inversion for a finite set of parameters can be resolved only for multicomponent elastic data containing both P-wave and S-wave information. Inversion tests using synthetic data calculated by finite-differences demonstrates that it is possible to invert simultaneously for P and S impedances.
Lessons Learned From the History of Herbicide Resistance (2014)

The selection of herbicide-resistant weed populations began with the introduction of synthetic herbicides in the late 1940s. For the first 20 years after introduction, there were limited reported cases of herbicide-resistant weeds. This changed in 1968 with the discovery of triazine-resistant common groundsel. Over the next 15 yr, the cases of herbicide-resistant weeds increased, primarily to triazine herbicides. Although triazine resistance was widespread, the resistant biotypes were highly unfit and were easily controlled with specific alternative herbicides. Weed scientists presumed that this would be the case for future herbicide-resistant cases and thus there was not much concern, although the companies affected by triazine resistance were somewhat active in trying to detect and manage resistance. It was not until the late 1980s with the discovery of resistance to Acetyl Co-A carboxylase (ACCase) and acetolactate synthase (ALS) inhibitors that herbicide resistance attracted much more attention, particularly from industry. The rapid evolution of resistance to these classes of herbicides affected many companies, who responded by first establishing working groups to address resistance to specific classes of herbicides, and then by formation of the Herbicide Resistance Action Committee (HRAC). The goal of these groups, in cooperation with academia and governmental agencies, was to act as a forum for the exchange of information on herbicide-resistance selection and to develop guidelines for managing resistance. Despite these efforts, herbicide resistance continued to increase. The introduction of glyphosate-resistant crops in the 1995 provided a brief respite from herbicide resistance, and farmers rapidly adopted this relatively simple and reliable weed management system based on glyphosate. There were many warnings from academia and some companies that the glyphosate-resistant crop system was not sustainable, but this advice was not heeded. The selection of glyphosate resistant weeds dramatically changed weed management and renewed emphasis on herbicide resistance management. To date, the lesson learned from our experience with herbicide resistance is that no herbicide is invulnerable to selecting for resistant biotypes, and that over-reliance on a weed management system based solely on herbicides is not sustainable. Hopefully we have learned that a diverse weed management program that combines multiple methods is the only system that will work for the long term.
The interleukin‐1 signalling pathway in astrocytes: a key contributor to inflammation in the brain (2005)

A dysregulated inflammatory response in the central nervous system (CNS) lies at the heart of many neuropathological conditions such as multiple sclerosis and Alzheimer's disease. A key component of these inflammatory conditions is the accumulation of leukocytes in the CNS. The infiltration of leukocytes into the brain is dependent on the induction of leukocyte adhesion molecules and chemoattractant chemokines. Recent studies have suggested the astrocyte to be a key cell in mediating the inflammatory process in the brain and in expressing adhesion molecules and chemokines. Here I overview work in my laboratory and others that demonstrates interleukin-1 (IL-1) to be a key inducer of the expression of these molecules in astrocytes. The temporal expression is sustained in nature and this is due to prolonged activation of the transcription factor NFkappaB. The molecular basis to the sustained activation of NFkappaB is also discussed. The IL-1 signalling pathway thus emerges as a valuable therapeutic target in the treatment of presently incurable neuropathological conditions.
Marker-Based Embodied Interaction for Handheld Augmented Reality Games (2024)

This article deals with embodied user interfaces for handheld augmented reality games, which consist of both physical and virtual components. We have developed a number of spatial interaction techniques that optically capture the device's movement and orientation relative to a visual marker. Such physical interactions in 3-D space enable manipulative control of mobile games. In addition to acting as a physical controller that recognizes multiple game-dependent gestures, the mobile device augments the camera view with graphical overlays. We describe three game prototypes that use ubiquitous product packaging and other passive media as backgrounds for handheld augmentation. The prototypes can be realized on widely available off-the-shelf hardware and require only minimal setup and infrastructure support.
Serum Cholesterol in Wisconsin Epidemiologic Study of Diabetic Retinopathy (1992)

By the National Cholesterol Education Program guidelines, 17% of younger-onset and 30% of older-onset insulin users and 32% of older-onset subjects not taking insulin were in the high-risk range for total cholesterol. Lower levels of glycosylated hemoglobin might result in lower cholesterol levels.