gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
99mTc-Labeled carbonic anhydrase IX (CA IX) inhibitors for molecular imaging of cancer (2010)

1533 Objectives CA IX is upregulated in cancer in response to hypoxia making it an attractive molecular target for radiopharmaceutical development. A series of small molecule benzenesulfonamide (BzSA)-based compounds incorporating novel tridentate chelates for labeling with the M(CO)3 core (M = Re or 99mTc), were synthesized and evaluated as inhibitors of CA IX. Methods CA IX inhibitors were synthesized starting with a BzSA moiety tethered via an ethylene linker to bis-pyridyl amine or functionalized bis-imidazolyl amine chelates. Re compounds were tested at 1-10,000 nM for inhibition of CA IX and CA II via 4-nitrophenylacetate hydrolysis. 99mTc compounds were studied in vivo in nude mice bearing HeLa xenografts. Specific tumor localization was determined by competition with a 10 mg/kg acetazolamide (AZO) co-injection. Results BzSA analogs containing novel chelates were prepared: 4-(2-((X, Y)amino)ethyl)benzenesulfonamide, where X = Y = (pyridin-2-ylmethyl) (1), X = (pyridin-2-ylmethyl), Y = carboxymethyl (2), X = Y = (1-(carboxymethyl)-1H-imidazol-2-yl)methyl (3), and X = Y = (1-(2-(bis(carboxymethyl)amino)-2-oxoethyl)-1H-imidazol-2-yl)methyl (4). High affinity binding to CA IX was observed (IC50= 23-93 nM, 2 3>2>1 at 1 h. Specificity for carbonic anhydrases was confirmed by competition with AZO. Conclusions A series of BzSA analogs containing novel chelates were shown to bind to CA IX with high affinity and selectivity over CA II. The uptake of 99mTc analogs in HeLa xenografts was specific to carbonic anhydrases. These novel compounds may be exploited to significantly impact the current paradigm for diagnosis, staging, treatment selection and therapy of solid tumors. Research Support 1 R43 CA134013-01A
Mid-IR interband cascade lasers operating with &lt; 30 mW of input power (2012)

The performance of mid-IR interband cascade lasers (ICLs) has been improved by introducing heavier doping into the electron injector regions with the purpose of increasing the electron density in the active region to the level commensurate with the active hole density. For devices emitting at wavelengths in the 3.6-3.9 μm range, the improvements include pulsed room temperature (RT) threshold current density as low as 170 A/cm<sup>2</sup>, maximum cw operating temperature as high as 109 °C, and RT cw input power as low as 29 mW. Epi-down-mounted ridges display RT cw wall-plug efficiencies as high as 14.6% as well as emission of > 200 mW into a nearly diffraction-limited beam. RT cw operation has also been demonstrated for considerably longer wavelengths extending to 5.7 μm with threshold power densities of ≈1kW/cm2, which are an order of magnitude lower than those in state-of-theart quantum cascade lasers. The very low operating powers are expected to lengthen battery lifetimes and greatly relax packaging and size/weight requirements for fielded chemical-sensing systems.
Identification of a Pharmacophore for Thrombopoietic Activity of Small, Non-Peptidyl Molecules. 2. Rational Design of Naphtho[1,2-<i>d</i>]imidazole Thrombopoietin Mimics (2002)

The invention of a new class of naphtho[1,2-d]imidazole thrombopoietin mimics based on a pharmacophore hypothesis for small-molecule thrombopoietic agonists is discussed. Parallel array synthesis and purification techniques allowed for the rapid exploration of structure-activity relationships within this class and for the improvement in TPO mimetic potencies and efficacies.
Effective space division multiplexing by Multi-Core Fibers (2010)

The minimum fiber diameter of Multi-Core SMF was investigated taking the cladding diameter, core pitch and attenuation loss into account. A way to suppress the failure rate in case of high core density was also discussed.
Optical trap for both transparent and absorbing particles in air using a single shaped laser beam (2015)

Optical trapping of airborne particles is emerging as an essential tool in applications ranging from online characterization of living cells and aerosols to particle transport and delivery. However, existing optical trapping techniques using a single laser beam can trap only transparent particles (via the radiative pressure force) or absorbing particles (via the photophoretic force), but not particles of either type-limiting the utility of trapping-enabled aerosol characterization techniques. Here, we present the first optical trapping technique capable of trapping both transparent and absorbing particles with arbitrary morphology using a single shaped laser beam. Such a general-purpose optical trapping mechanism could enable new applications such as trapping-enabled aerosol characterization with high specificity.
GlycoBase and autoGU: tools for HPLC-based glycan analysis (2008)

Abstract Summary: The development of robust high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) technologies continues to improve the detailed analysis and sequencing of glycan structures released from glycoproteins. Here, we present a database (GlycoBase) and analytical tool (autoGU) to assist the interpretation and assignment of HPLC-glycan profiles. GlycoBase is a relational database which contains the HPLC elution positions for over 350 2-AB labelled N-glycan structures together with predicted products of exoglycosidase digestions. AutoGU assigns provisional structures to each integrated HPLC peak and, when used in combination with exoglycosidase digestions, progressively assigns each structure automatically based on the footprint data. These tools are potentially very promising and facilitate basic research as well as the quantitative high-throughput analysis of low concentrations of glycans released from glycoproteins. Availability: http://glycobase.ucd.ie Contact: matthew.campbell@nibrt.ie
Multi3D Manufacturing: 3D Printing of Geometrically-Complex Aerospace Structures with Embedded Electronics (2015)

Recent efforts have concentrated on 3D printing for use not only in creating conceptual models but functional end-use products as well and the expiration of many of the additive manufacturing process patents of the 1980s has led to lower cost systems in general. The freedom of 3D printing along with the change in economics is leading to the democratization of manufacturing, where products will soon be fabricated locally and with requirements specified individually by the end user. However, currently 3D printing is limited to single material fabrication and consequently can only create mechanical structures. For additively manufactured end-use products to be relevant, additional features will need to be incorporated into the complex structures in terms of electronic, electromechanical, electromagnetic and thermal composition. Recent research has been reported of embedding electronic components and electrical interconnect into 3D printed structures either by interrupting the process or by inserting the additional content after the structure has been built. However, only until recently with an investment from the presidential initiative on manufacturing ï¿½ America Makes ï¿½ has there been a focused research effort on technology that produces multi-functionality with enhanced 3D printing, where additional manufacturing technologies are leveraged. This presentation will describe the development and status of the Multi3D Manufacturing System underway at the University of Texas at El Paso.
Physics of perpendicular magnetic recording: Playback (2003)

The physics of the playback process in perpendicular recording is explored. It is shown that due to the existence of effectively two layers of the “magnetic charges” in a perpendicular medium, the stray field sensed by a reader rolls off with the areal density essentially differently than it does in longitudinal recording. Comparing three recording modes, longitudinal recording and perpendicular recording without and with a soft underlayer (SUL), at equivalent conditions, with a 10 nm thick recording layer at a bit aspect ratio of 1:1, the density roll-off is the fastest for the longitudinal mode, while it is the slowest for the perpendicular mode without a SUL. It is shown that although at relatively low linear and track densities the use of a SUL increases the playback signal, the signal does not depend on the use of a SUL at high densities. It is shown that for both perpendicular modes, although at sufficiently low track densities (below ∼50 ktpi) the signal disappears at relatively low linear densities, there is a significant nonzero signal even at zero linear density if the track density is sufficiently high (above ∼300 ktpi). Using the magnetic image model, it is shown that, fundamentally, the use of a SUL could not improve the resolution of a recording system. As an example, the Reciprocity Principle is utilized to analyze and compare four different reader designs.
Magnetic force scanning tunneling microscopy: theory and experiment (1993)

The method of magnetic force scanning tunneling microscopy for imaging surface magnetic fields and magnetization distributions is presented. The key elements in its implementation, including probe fabrication, are reviewed, and experimentally supported theoretical modeling to interpret the images is presented. The technique is applied to study important issues in magnetic recording, namely, effects accompanying wavelength reduction in increasing density, and effects associated with insufficient overwrite due to tracking misregistration.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
SOLID PHASE ASSAY OF URINE CYSTINE SUPERSATURATION IN THE PRESENCE OF CYSTINE BINDING DRUGS (2001)

Changes in solid phase cystine accurately reflect buffer or urine supersaturation when thiol drugs are present. The solid phase assay is a technically straightforward and reliable way of assessing cystine movement into and out of urine that avoids complexity of measurement and distortions of assay systems by drugs. This assay enables one to assess the level of drug effect and the need for a change in dosing.
Efficient techniques for sensor fingerprint matching in large image and video databases (2010)

Several promising techniques have been recently proposed to bind an image or video to its source acquisition device. These techniques have been intensively studied to address performance issues, but the computational efficiency aspect has not been given due consideration. Considering very large databases, in this paper, we focus on the efficiency of the sensor fingerprint based source device identification technique.1 We propose a novel scheme based on tree structured vector quantization that offers logarithmic improvements in the search complexity as compared to conventional approach. To demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed approach several experiments are conducted. Our results show that with the proposed scheme major improvement in search time can be achieved.
Human Domain Antibodies against Virulence Traits of<i>Candida albicans</i>Inhibit Fungus Adherence to Vaginal Epithelium and Protect against Experimental Vaginal Candidiasis (2006)

Antibody variable domains (domain antibodies [DAbs]) are genetically engineered antibody fragments that include individual heavy-chain (VH) or kappa-chain (Vkappa) variable domains and lack the Fc region. Human DAbs against the 65-kDa mannoprotein (MP65) or the secretory aspartyl proteinase (SAP)-2 of Candida albicans (monospecific DAbs) or against both fungal antigens (heterodimeric, bispecific DAbs) were generated from phage expression libraries. Both monospecific and bispecific DAbs inhibited fungus adherence to the epithelial cells of rat vagina and accelerated the clearance of vaginal infection with the fungus. When heterodimeric DAbs were used, the clearance of infection was at least equivalent to treatment with fluconazole. The in vivo protective effects of DAbs were demonstrated by both pre- and postchallenge schedules of DAb administration and with both fluconazole-susceptible and fluconazole-resistant strains of C. albicans. This is the first demonstration that human DAbs lacking the Fc constituent can efficiently control an infection and can act largely by inhibiting adherence.
ChemInform Abstract: Preparative Supercritical Fluid Chromatography (1999)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Abstract PO-031: Repurposing of alexidine dihydrochloride as an apoptosis-initiator and cell cycle inhibitor in human pancreatic cancer (2020)

Abstract Purpose: Highly aggressive and resistant to chemotherapy, pancreatic cancers are the fourth leading cause of cancer-related deaths in the western world. The absence of effective chemotherapeutics is leading researchers to develop novel drugs or repurpose existing chemicals. Alexidine dihydrochloride (AD), an orally bioavailable bis-biguanide compound, is an apoptosis stimulating reagent. It induces mitochondrial damage by inhibiting a mitochondrial-specific protein tyrosine phosphatase, PTPMT1. The aim of this study was to test AD as a novel compound to induce apoptosis in a human pancreatic adenocarcinoma cell lines, Panc-1, MIA PaCa-2, AsPC-1, and Psn-1. Methods: After IC50 value of the AD was determined by cytotoxicity assay, apoptosis was observed by a variety of methods including the detection of early apoptosis marker Annexin V and the proteomic profile screening by apoptosis array. Multicaspase and mitochondrial depolarization were measured and changes in cell cycle were analyzed. Results: AD is found to initiate apoptosis by activating the intrinsic pathway and inhibit cell cycle in pancreatic cancer cell lines. Conclusions: As a conclusion, considering its anti-cancer properties and bioavailability, Alexidine dihydrochloride can be considered as a potential candidate against pancreatic adenocarcinomas. Citation Format: Ezgi Kasikci, Esra Aydemir, Bekir Mustafa Yogurtcu, Fikrettin Sahin, Omer Faruk Bayrak. Repurposing of alexidine dihydrochloride as an apoptosis-initiator and cell cycle inhibitor in human pancreatic cancer [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Virtual Special Conference on Pancreatic Cancer; 2020 Sep 29-30. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2020;80(22 Suppl):Abstract nr PO-031.
Comparison of endless polarization control and data-induced polarization switching in an ultrasensitive FSK heterodyne system (1990)

Endless polarization control1,2 (EPC) and data-induced polarization switching3,4 (DIPS) have been suggested to solve the polarization problem in optical FSK heterodyne receivers. We compare both methods, we believe for the first time, in terms of receiver sensitivity and polarization response speed.
Immortalization of normal human mammary epithelial cells in two steps by direct targeting of senescence barriers does not require gross genomic alterations (2014)

Telomerase reactivation and immortalization are critical for human carcinoma progression. However, little is known about the mechanisms controlling this crucial step, due in part to the paucity of experimentally tractable model systems that can examine human epithelial cell immortalization as it might occur in vivo. We achieved efficient non-clonal immortalization of normal human mammary epithelial cells (HMEC) by directly targeting the 2 main senescence barriers encountered by cultured HMEC. The stress-associated stasis barrier was bypassed using shRNA to p16(INK4); replicative senescence due to critically shortened telomeres was bypassed in post-stasis HMEC by c-MYC transduction. Thus, 2 pathologically relevant oncogenic agents are sufficient to immortally transform normal HMEC. The resultant non-clonal immortalized lines exhibited normal karyotypes. Most human carcinomas contain genomically unstable cells, with widespread instability first observed in vivo in pre-malignant stages; in vitro, instability is seen as finite cells with critically shortened telomeres approach replicative senescence. Our results support our hypotheses that: (1) telomere-dysfunction induced genomic instability in pre-malignant finite cells may generate the errors required for telomerase reactivation and immortalization, as well as many additional "passenger" errors carried forward into resulting carcinomas; (2) genomic instability during cancer progression is needed to generate errors that overcome tumor suppressive barriers, but not required per se; bypassing the senescence barriers by direct targeting eliminated a need for genomic errors to generate immortalization. Achieving efficient HMEC immortalization, in the absence of "passenger" genomic errors, should facilitate examination of telomerase regulation during human carcinoma progression, and exploration of agents that could prevent immortalization.
Sapphire ball lensed fiber probe for common-path optical coherence tomography in ocular imaging and sensing (2013)

We describe a novel common-path optical coherence tomography (CP-OCT) fiber probe design using a sapphire ball lens for cross-sectional imaging and sensing in retina vitrectomy surgery. Single mode Gaussian beam (TEM<sup>00</sup>) simulation was used to optimize lateral resolution and working distance (WD) of the common-path probe. A theoretical sensitivity model for CP-OCT was prosed to assess its optimal performance based an unbalanced photodetector configuration. Two probe designs with working distances (WD) 415μm and 1221μm and lateral resolution 11μm and 18μm, respectively were implemented with sensitivity up to 88dB. The designs are also fully compatible with conventional Michelson interferometer based OCT configurations. The reference plane of the probe, located at the distal beam exit interface of the single mode fiber (SMF), was encased within a 25-gauge hypodermic needle by the sapphire ball lens facilitates its applications in bloody and harsh environments. The performances of the fiber probe with 11μm of lateral resolution and 19μm of axial resolution were demonstrated by cross-sectional imaging of a cow cornea and retina <i>in vitro</i> with a 1310nm swept source OCT system. This probe was also attached to a piezoelectric motor for active compensation of physiological tremor for handheld retinal surgical tools.
Laser-based control of microfluidic droplets (2004)

We have constructed a simple optical system to control small droplets over a wide range of sizes (30 μm −1.5 mm diameter), based on the thermal Marangoni effect. We observed droplet fusion and rapid mixing (<30 ms), and we have performed an absorption-based protein detection assay.
Lonomycins B and C. Two new components of polyether antibiotics fermentation, isolation and characterization. (1980)

Lonomycin B (II), C44H75O14Na, m.p. 181-182 degrees C, and lonomycin C (III), C43H73O14Na, m.p 186-187 degrees C, were isolated as their sodium salts from the fermentation broth of Streptomyces ribosidificus TM-481. Their physicochemical properties demonstrated that II and III are closely related congeners of lonomycin A (I). The identical mass spectra of methyl esters of I and II indicated that II is a stereoisomer of I. On the other hand, the mass spectrum of a methyl ester of III showed a peak at m/e 810 due to M+-H2O which is smaller by 14 mass units than the maximum peak at m/e 824 due to M+-H2O of the methyl esters of I and II. This result together with the elemental analysis strongly suggested that III is a demethyl derivative of I or II. II and III are slightly less active than I in their antimicrobial activities.
Visualizing the Finer Cluster Structure of Large-Scale and High-Dimensional Data (2020)

Dimension reduction and visualization of high-dimensional data have become very important research topics because of the rapid growth of large databases in data science. In this paper, we propose using a generalized sigmoid function to model the distance similarity in both high- and low-dimensional spaces. In particular, the parameter b is introduced to the generalized sigmoid function in low-dimensional space, so that we can adjust the heaviness of the function tail by changing the value of b. Using both simulated and real-world data sets, we show that our proposed method can generate visualization results comparable to those of uniform manifold approximation and projection (UMAP), which is a newly developed manifold learning technique with fast running speed, better global structure, and scalability to massive data sets. In addition, according to the purpose of the study and the data structure, we can decrease or increase the value of b to either reveal the finer cluster structure of the data or maintain the neighborhood continuity of the embedding for better visualization. Finally, we use domain knowledge to demonstrate that the finer subclusters revealed with small values of b are meaningful.
Continuous tritium monitor for aqueous process streams (1988)

A process monitor is introduced that exploits semipermeable membranes for selective, online determination of aqueous tritium activity. Results from laboratory studies and an in-plant application to a nuclear-fuel-dissolver off-gas processing environment are presented. Under slowly changing tritium concentrations the accuracy is near 2%. Potential uses of the monitor in low-level operating environments are discussed.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Metal processing with ultrashort laser pulses (2000)

Femtosecond laser ablation has been shown to produce well-defined cuts and holes in metals with minimal heat effect to the remaining material. Ultrashort laser pulse processing shows promise as an important technique for materials processing. We will discuss the physical effects associated with processing based experimental and modeling results. Intense ultra-short laser pulse (USLP) generates high pressures and temperatures in a subsurface layer during the pulse, which can strongly modify the absorption. We carried out simulations of USLP absorption versus material and pulse parameters. The ablation rate as function of the laser parameters has been estimated. Since every laser pulse removes only a small amount of material, a practical laser processing system must have high repetition rate. We will demonstrate that planar ablation is unstable and the initially smooth crater bottom develops a corrugated pattern after many tens of shots. The corrugation growth rate, angle of incidence and the polarization of laser electric field dependence will be discussed. In the nonlinear stage, the formation of coherent structures with scales much larger than the laser wavelength was observed. Also, there appears to be a threshold fluence above which a narrow, nearly perfectly circular channel forms after a few hundred shots. Subsequent shots deepen this channel without significantly increasing its diameter. The role of light absorption in the hole walls will be discussed.