gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Measurement of Void Content and Distribution in Composite Materials through Digital Microscopy (2008)

The use of digital optical microscopy techniques to measure the volume fraction and spatial distribution of voids in composite materials manufactured by filament winding is presented and discussed. The volume fraction was measured using the usual technique of object measurement from several individual fields and using mosaic images formed by assembling low magnification fields. The results obtained were consistent showing the usefulness of the mosaic image approach that also provides a global view of the complex microstructure of the material. From the mosaic images contour maps of void number and void area fraction were generated providing a semi-quantitative evaluation of void distribution. Using the tessellation technique for neighborhood analysis the coefficient of variation of the distance between nearest neighboring voids was measured. This parameter allows a quantitative measure of void spatial distribution, revealing homogeneity or clustering of the void population.
Neuropathic pain in the general population: A systematic review of epidemiological studies (2013)

Most patients with neuropathic pain symptoms present and are managed in primary care, with only a minority being referred for specialist clinical assessment and diagnoses. Previous reviews have focused mainly on specific neuropathic pain conditions based in specialist settings. This is the first systematic review of epidemiological studies of neuropathic pain in the general population. Electronic databases were searched from January 1966 to December 2012, and studies were included where the main focus was on neuropathic pain prevalence and/or incidence, either as part of a specific neuropathic pain-related condition or as a global entity in the general population. We excluded studies in which data were extracted from pain or other specialist clinics or focusing on specific population subgroups. Twenty-one articles were identified and underwent quality assessment and data extraction. Included studies differed in 3 main ways: method of data retrieval, case ascertainment tool used, and presentation of prevalence/incidence rates. This heterogeneity precluded any meta-analysis. We categorised comparable incidence and prevalence rates into 2 main subgroups: (1) chronic pain with neuropathic characteristics (range 3-17%), and (2) neuropathic pain associated with a specific condition, including postherpetic neuralgia (3.9-42.0/100,000 person-years [PY]), trigeminal neuralgia (12.6-28.9/100,000 PY), painful diabetic peripheral neuropathy (15.3-72.3/100,000 PY), glossopharyngeal neuralgia (0.2-0.4/100,000 PY). These differences highlight the importance of a standardised approach for identifying neuropathic pain in future epidemiological studies. A best estimate of population prevalence of pain with neuropathic characteristics is likely to lie between 6.9% and 10%.
Epitaxial growth of CoSi2 film by Co/a-Si/Ti/Si(100) multilayer solid state reaction (2001)

Epitaxial growth of CoSi2 by solid state reaction of Co/a-Si/Ti/Si(100) is investigated. A Ti/a-Si composite interlayer is used to modify the diffusion barrier and influence the epitaxial growth process. The epitaxial quality of the CoSi2 is improved compared to the film grown by Co/Ti/Si reaction. A multielement amorphous layer is formed by a solid-state amorphization reaction at the initial stage of the multilayer reaction. This layer acts as a diffusion barrier, which controls the atomic interdiffusion of Co and Si while limiting the supply of Co atoms. CoSi2 grows as the first phase and the growth interface of the epitaxial CoSi2 is at both the CoSi2/Si and CoSi2/CoSi interfaces. Investigation of the growth kinetics shows that the activation energy of CoSi2 formation is larger than that without an amorphous Si layer.
The Reaction of Glucono Delta Lactone with Proteins (1985)

An indirect method to measure the reaction of glucono delta lactone with protein was developed. Glucono delta lactone reacts with lysine, tyrosine, threonine, arginine, and serine residues of protein, protecting them from attack by nitrous acid.
Pre-tension generates strongly reversible adhesion of a spatula pad on substrate (2008)

Motivated by recent studies on reversible adhesion mechanisms of geckos and insects, we investigate the effect of pre-tension on the orientation-dependent adhesion strength of an elastic tape adhering on a substrate. Our analysis shows that the pre-tension can significantly increase the peel-off force at small peeling angles while decreasing it at large peeling angles, leading to a strongly reversible adhesion. More interestingly, we find that there exists a critical value of pre-tension beyond which the peel-off force plunges to zero at a force-independent critical peeling angle. We further show that the level of pre-tension required for such force-independent detachment at a critical angle can be induced by simply dragging a spatula pad along a substrate at sufficiently low angles. These results provide a feasible explanation of relevant experimental observations on gecko adhesion and suggest possible strategies to design strongly reversible adhesives via pre-tension.
Metal Halide Perovskite Single Crystals: From Growth Process to Application (2018)

As a strong competitor in the field of optoelectronic applications, organic-inorganic metal hybrid perovskites have been paid much attention because of their superior characteristics, which include broad absorption from visible to near-infrared region, tunable optical and electronic properties, high charge mobility, long exciton diffusion length and carrier recombination lifetime, etc. It is noted that perovskite single crystals show remarkably low trap-state densities and long carrier diffusion lengths, which are even comparable with the best photovoltaic-quality silicon, and thus are expected to provide better optoelectronic performance. This paper reviews the recent development of crystal growth in single-, mixed-organic-cation and fully inorganic halide perovskite single crystals, in particular the solution approach. Furthermore, the application of metal hybrid perovskite single crystals and future perspectives are also highlighted.
Integrated optical isolators with sputter-deposited thin-film magnets (1996)

This letter describes the use of a compact sputter-deposited thin-film magnet that is directly integrated onto a waveguide isolator fabricated in magnetic thin-film garnets. Film magnets of different thicknesses are sputtered onto the waveguides, and isolation ratios of 29 dB are obtained with negligible excess loss. Stress-birefringent effects due to the ferromagnetic film overlayer are eliminated by the use of an aluminum compliant buffer.
Second consensus statement on the diagnosis of multiple system atrophy (2008)

These new criteria have simplified the previous criteria, have incorporated current knowledge, and are expected to enhance future assessments of the disease.
Genetic variation occurring on the genome of an in vitro insertion mutant of poliovirus type 1 (1989)

An insertion sequence of 72 nucleotides prepared from a polylinker sequence of plasmid pUC18 was introduced at nucleotide position 702 of the 5' noncoding sequence (742 nucleotides long) of the genome of the Sabin strain of poliovirus type 1 by using an infectious cDNA clone of the virus strain. The insertion mutant thus obtained showed a small-plaque phenotype compared with that of the parent virus. Apparent revertants (large-plaque variants) were easily generated from the insertion mutant. Nucleotide sequence analysis was performed on the revertant genomes to determine the mutation(s) by which the plaque size of the parent virus was regained. Some large-plaque variants lacked genomic sequences including all or a part of the insertion sequence. A computer-aided search for secondary structures with respect to the deletion sites detected possible supporting sequences which provided fairly stable secondary structures at the deletion sites. This result was consistent with our supporting sequence-loop model which had been proposed as a new copy-choice model for the generation of genetic rearrangements occurring on single-stranded RNA genomes (S. Kuge, I. Saito, and A. Nomoto, J. Mol. Biol. 192:473-487, 1986). The other large-plaque variants had point mutations at any one of three positions of an AUG existing in the insertion sequence. A small-plaque phenotype was observed when an AUG codon was inserted in frame or out of frame with regard to the initiation site of viral polyprotein synthesis. Our data strongly suggest that an AUG sequence in this genome region is deleterious for efficient poliovirus replication.
Developmental Epigenetics: Phenotype and the Flexible Epigenome (2018)

The term "epigenetics" has been widely used and abused Epigenetic information persists after the original inductive process that drove the modification has ceased, providing a cellular memory of the process or exposure in subsequent generations. Epigenetic marks allow the cell to remember what kind of cell it is irrespective of positional information and other extracellular information. Parent cells use epigenetic marks to "tell" their daughter cells what type of cell they will become, a message that may persist through thousands of cell divisions for the lifetime of the organism, unless they are actively erased or lost through epimutation. Epigenetic processes are fundamentally important for cell identity, lineage determination, regeneration and re-establishing of the next generation. They explain how an identical set of genomic instructions can generate all the required cell types for the organism without the need, in most cases, to alter gene sequence.
Novel Synthetic Pathways for Bis(acyl)phosphine Oxide Photoinitiators (2012)

Photoactive: A cheap, safe, and widely functional-group-tolerant synthetic protocol to an important class of photoinitiators, bis(acyl)phosphine oxides (BAPOs), has been disclosed, together with examples of application to stain-proof fabrics and photoactive polymeric films.
The WRKY70 Transcription Factor: A Node of Convergence for Jasmonate-Mediated and Salicylate-Mediated Signals in Plant Defense[W] (2004)

Cross talk between salicylic acid (SA)- and jasmonic acid (JA)-dependent defense signaling has been well documented in plants, but how this cross talk is executed and the components involved remain to be elucidated. We demonstrate that the plant-specific transcription factor WRKY70 is a common component in SA- and JA-mediated signal pathways. Expression of WRKY70 is activated by SA and repressed by JA. The early induction of WRKY70 by SA is NPR1-independent, but functional NPR1 is required for full-scale induction. Epistasis analysis suggested that WRKY70 is downstream of NPR1 in an SA-dependent signal pathway. Modulation of WRKY70 transcript levels by constitutive overexpression increases resistance to virulent pathogens and results in constitutive expression of SA-induced pathogenesis-related genes. Conversely, antisense suppression of WRKY70 activates JA-responsive/COI1-dependent genes. The effect of WRKY70 is not caused by subsequent changes in SA or JA levels. We suggest that WRKY70 acts as an activator of SA-induced genes and a repressor of JA-responsive genes, integrating signals from these mutually antagonistic pathways.
Effects of Solvents on Polymorphism and Shape of Mefenamic Acid Crystals (2018)

Mefenamic acid [2-(2, 3-dimethylphenyl) amino benzoic acid] is an active pharmaceutical compound that exist in different polymorphic form and shape. In this work the effect of solvents on polymorphism and shape of mefenamic acid crystals were examined. The solvents used were ethanol, isopropanol, ethyl acetate, dimethyl acetamide, dimethyl formamide, and acetone. Natural cooling was employed during the crystallisation process. The crystals produced were dried and analysed using optical microscopy, differential scanning calorimetry, thermal gravimetric analysis, x-ray powder diffraction (XRPD) and fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). The analysis confirmed that the crystals obtained using ethyl acetate, ethanol, isopropanol, and acetone are pure Form I with a needle-like flat shape. Meanwhile, the crystallisation using DMF produced polymorphic Form II in cubic shape.
Hardware Encapsulation of Security Services (2008)

Hardware security modules can be used to encapsulate simple security services that bind security functions such as decryption with authorisation and authentication. Such hardware secured services provide a functional root of trust that can be placed within context of a wider IT solution hence enabling strong separations of control and duty. This paper describes an approach to using such hardware-encapsulated services to create virtual trust domains within a deployed solution. This trust domain is defined by the hardware protection regime, the service code and the policies under which it is managed. An example is given, showing how a TLS session within a web service environment can be protected and how this service can extend the secure communications into the backend systems. 1
On security in capability-based systems (1989)

article Free Access Share on On security in capability-based systems Author: Li Gong University of Cambridge, Cambridge, England University of Cambridge, Cambridge, EnglandView Profile Authors Info & Claims ACM SIGOPS Operating Systems ReviewVolume 23Issue 2April 1989 pp 56–60https://doi.org/10.1145/858344.858349Published:01 April 1989Publication History 15citation534DownloadsMetricsTotal Citations15Total Downloads534Last 12 Months17Last 6 weeks3 Get Citation AlertsNew Citation Alert added!This alert has been successfully added and will be sent to:You will be notified whenever a record that you have chosen has been cited.To manage your alert preferences, click on the button below.Manage my Alerts New Citation Alert!Please log in to your account Save to BinderSave to BinderCreate a New BinderNameCancelCreateExport CitationPublisher SiteeReaderPDF
The Propagation Characteristics of Surface Acoustic Waves on Singly and Doubly Rotated Cuts of Quartz (1981)

The temperature variation of surface acoustic wave (SAW) propagation characteristics on doubly rotated cutsofalphaquartz are discussed. Extensive numerical calculations were used previously to identify families of doubly rotated cuts on which surface acoustic waves exhibit a greater delay time temperature stability than previously reported. Second order temperature coefficients of frequency (TCF) as low as -1.3 x 10-8and zero first order temperature coefficients of frequency were calculated for these families of cuts. In this paper, experimental measurementsof the temperature coefficients of the frequency of selected members of these families of doubly rotated cuts of quartz are presented. Theexperimental measurementsof the temperaturecoefficientsof frequency are compared with the previously calculated values. Phase-temperature plots, coupling coefficients and velocities for these cuts are also presented. In addition, numerical calculations of the temperaturedependence of the surface acoustic wave power flow angle and of the anisotropy parameter Y , which is related to the diffraction effects of the surface acoustic wave, are presented. Power flow variations of 3 degrees and variations of the anisotropy parameter Y of 10 percent (5 percent for the ST-cut) over the temperature range -50°C to 150°C are typical. Experimental measurements of the temperature variation of the surface acoustic wave power flow angle (PFA) are shown to be in close agreement with the calculated variation. The effect of the temperature dependence of the power flow angle and the anisotropy parameter Y on surface wave filters, reflective array devices, and delay lines are discussed both for doubly rotated and the more popular singly rotated Orientations. Techniques for utilizing the temperature dependence of the surface acoustic wave power flow angle to produce temperature stable delay lines are presented. Choice of optimum doubly rotated cuts of quartz for this purpose is discussed, and experimental results are presented.
All-optical axial super resolving imaging using a low-frequency binary-phase mask (2006)

In this paper we present a new approach for obtaining all-optical axial super-resolving imaging by using a non-diffractive binary phase mask inserted at the entrance pupil of an imaging lens. The designed element is tested numerically and experimentally on various practical testing benches and eventually is inserted into the lens of a cellular phone camera.
Evaluation and applications of porous layer open tubular columns made by the dynamic method (1972)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTEvaluation and applications of porous layer open tubular columns made by the dynamic methodJ. G. NikellyCite this: Anal. Chem. 1972, 44, 3, 625–627Publication Date (Print):March 1, 1972Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 March 1972https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ac60311a042https://doi.org/10.1021/ac60311a042research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views104Altmetric-Citations20LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
P‐44: High Video Image Quality Technology: Dynamic Scanning Backlight with Black Insertion (DSBBI) Implemented in a 32″ OCB‐LCD TV (2007)

Abstract “Dynamic Scanning Backlight with Black Insertion” method was proposed to enhance video image quality. This method utilizes the dynamic backlight luminance control to increase contrast and the scanning backlight with black insertion to reduce MPRT. This technology was successfully implemented in a 32″ OCB‐LCD TV. As the results, the DSBBI technology increased contrast ratio over 1000:1, and reduced the MPRT less than 6ms.
Local Translation in Primary Afferent Fibers Regulates Nociception (2008)

Recent studies have demonstrated the importance of local protein synthesis for neuronal plasticity. In particular, local mRNA translation through the mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) has been shown to play a key role in regulating dendrite excitability and modulating long-term synaptic plasticity associated with learning and memory. There is also increased evidence to suggest that intact adult mammalian axons have a functional requirement for local protein synthesis in vivo. Here we show that the translational machinery is present in some myelinated sensory fibers and that active mTOR-dependent pathways participate in maintaining the sensitivity of a subpopulation of fast-conducting nociceptors in vivo. Phosphorylated mTOR together with other downstream components of the translational machinery were localized to a subset of myelinated sensory fibers in rat cutaneous tissue. We then showed with electromyographic studies that the mTOR inhibitor rapamycin reduced the sensitivity of a population of myelinated nociceptors known to be important for the increased mechanical sensitivity that follows injury. Behavioural studies confirmed that local treatment with rapamycin significantly attenuated persistent pain that follows tissue injury, but not acute pain. Specifically, we found that rapamycin blunted the heightened response to mechanical stimulation that develops around a site of injury and reduced the long-term mechanical hypersensitivity that follows partial peripheral nerve damage--a widely used model of chronic pain. Our results show that the sensitivity of a subset of sensory fibers is maintained by ongoing mTOR-mediated local protein synthesis and uncover a novel target for the control of long-term pain states.
quemao, a Drosophila Bristle Locus, Encodes Geranylgeranyl Pyrophosphate Synthase (1998)

The quemao (qm) locus of Drosophila melanogaster is characterized by a P-element-associated mutant lacking most of the large bristles on the thorax and by several EMS-induced recessive lethals. quemao was cloned using a transposon tagging strategy. P-element-mediated transformation demonstrated that the cloned qm DNA sequence (from the 65F cytological region) rescues the mutant phenotype. A 2.3-kb qm transcript was identified by Northern blot analysis by sequencing of the isolated qm cDNA clones and by 5' rapid amplification cDNA end (RACE). The predicted amino acid sequence (338 residues) of the coding region of the qm transcript shares 42, 31, 13, 20, and 12% identical amino acid sequences with the geranylgeranyl pyrophosphate synthase (GGPPS) of fungi, yeast, plants, archaebacteria, and eubacteria, respectively. It also contains five highly conserved domains common among all known isoprenyl pyrophosphate synthases. The P element associated with the original qm mutant is inserted in the 5' untranslated region of the transcript. An EMS-induced qm nonsense mutation at the 12th codon leads to recessive lethality at the first larval instar, indicating the essential role of qm in the isoprenoid biosynthesis of insects.
Enhanced Release of Drugs from Silicone Elastomers (II): Induction of Swelling and Changes in Microstructure (1985)

Incorporation of glycerol into silicone elastomers was found to enhance the release of hydrophilic drugs as well as to cause the polymeric device to swell as a result of water uptake. There are similarities between the kinetics of drug release from the matrix of silicone elastomers and the kinetics of swelling, water uptake, and leaching of tritiated glycerol, in that they all follow a matrix diffusion-controlled mechanism. The results of absorption, desorption, and resorption kinetic studies suggest that the two processes of swelling and water uptake are reversible. The amount of glycerol which leached out from devices containing up to 20% glycerol was only 4 → 10−4 to 6 → 10−4% of the amount of glycerol that had been originally incorporated into the device. A scanning electron microscopic examination of a silicone device containing glycerol revealed a microstructure in which glycerol vesicles are dispersed. In contrast to this, the matrix of a silicone device containing no glycerol was shown to be a continuous network. The microstructure of a glycerol-containing silicone device became more “spongy” after leaching than it was before leaching.
Active sensor networks (2005)

We propose using application specific virtual machines (ASVMs) to reprogram deployed wireless sensor networks. ASVMs provide a way for a user to define an application-specific boundary between virtual code and the VM engine. This allows programs to be very concise (tens to hundreds of bytes), making program installation fast and inexpensive. Additionally, concise programs interpret few instructions, imposing very little interpretation overhead. We evaluate ASVMs against current proposals for network programming runtimes and show that ASVMs are more energy efficient by as much as 20%. We also evaluate ASVMs against hand built TinyOS applications and show that while interpretation imposes a significant execution overhead, the low duty cycles of realistic applications make the actual cost effectively unmeasurable.