gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A common air interface between wide‐area cordless telephone and urban cellular radio: Frequency channel doubly‐reused cellular systems (1994)

Abstract This paper proposes a new system [1] in which the frequency channel of the wide‐area cordless telephone is reused doubly by the frequency channel employed in the urban cellular mobile telephone with a weak power. A condition is imposed whereby the two systems can operate with equal telephone qualities when cochannel interferences exist between two systems. The radius of the microcell and the weak power are analyzed and completed. According to the analysis, the theoretical limit of the spectrum efficiency of the new system is doubled compared to the system where the frequency bands of the two systems are placed independently in adjacent bands (AB) [2, 3]. To realize the cooperation between the wide‐area cordless telephone and the urban cellular mobile telephone on the equally coexistent condition, an autonomous spectrum distributed management system is proposed in principle [3] which can maintain in a simple way the cochannel interference sharing.
Characterization of Domain–Peptide Interaction Interface: Prediction of SH3 Domain-Mediated Protein–Protein Interaction Network in Yeast by Generic Structure-Based Models (2012)

Determination of the binding specificity of SH3 domain, a peptide recognition module (PRM), is important to understand their biological functions and reconstruct the SH3-mediated protein-protein interaction network. In the present study, the SH3-peptide interactions for both class I and II SH3 domains were characterized by the intermolecular residue-residue interaction network. We developed generic MIEC-SVM models to infer SH3 domain-peptide recognition specificity that achieved satisfactory prediction accuracy. By investigating the domain-peptide recognition mechanisms at the residue level, we found that the class-I and class-II binding peptides have different binding modes even though they occupy the same binding site of SH3. Furthermore, we predicted the potential binding partners of SH3 domains in the yeast proteome and constructed the SH3-mediated protein-protein interaction network. Comparison with the experimentally determined interactions confirmed the effectiveness of our approach. This study showed that our sophisticated computational approach not only provides a powerful platform to decipher protein recognition code at the molecular level but also allows identification of peptide-mediated protein interactions at a proteomic scale. We believe that such an approach is general to be applicable to other domain-peptide interactions.
Glutamine depletion by crisantaspase hinders the growth of human hepatocellular carcinoma xenografts (2014)

The combination of Crisantaspase and MSO reduces glutamine supply to CTNNB1-mutated HCC xenografts and hinders their growth.
1.5 terabit/s submarine 4000 km system validation over a deployed line with industrial margins using 25 GHz channel spacing and NRZ format over NZDSF (2002)

We have transmitted 1.5 Tbit/s over a deployed line of 4000 km of NZDSF using only C-band EDFAs with 25 GHz spacing and NRZ modulation format. The average performance obtained correspond to a 4.8 dB margin for a system designed with Enhanced 7% redundancy FEC scheme based on concatenated Reed-Solomon code. This experiment demonstrates for the first time the industrial feasibility of a 1.5 Tbit/s regional network transmission which is compatible with 0.4 (bit/s)/Hz. The use of NRZ format has two advantages. The first one is a low cost and compact terminal equipment due to less modulation stages compared to RZ or CRZ. The second one is a better compatibility with high channel density allowing simpler and lower cost repeaters for a given capacity. Furthermore, the demonstration of the excellent robustness of NRZ format over NZDSF allow direct field deployment or upgrades.
Teaching Differential Equations without Computer Graphics Solutions is a Crime (2018)

In the early 1980s computer graphics revolutionized the teaching of ordinary differential equations (ODEs). Yet the movement to teach and learn the qualitative methods that interactive graphics affords seems to have lost momentum. There still exist college courses, even at big universities, being taught without the immense power that computer graphics has brought to differential equations. The vast majority of ODEs that arise in mathematical models are nonlinear, and linearization only approximates solutions sufficiently near an equilibrium. Introductory courses need to include nonlinear DEs. Graphs of phase plane trajectories and time series solutions allow one to see and analyze the crucial behaviors, whether or not analytic solutions exist. Furthermore, interactivity is key to experimenting with parameters in order to modify behaviors. Now, a quarter of a century later, we have far more technology--but many features of the original software have been lost in the rush to the future. We have both educational and software concerns. This is not only an academic issue--scientists at multiple nonacademic agencies (e.g., FDA, NIH, USCGS) immediately took up our software tools in the late 1980s, and increasingly more of our students come from fields that did not traditionally require mathematics background. We should not be depriving today's students of the skills to analyze behaviors of solutions to ODEs.
<title>Development of a night-driving simulator concept for night vision image-intensification device training</title> (1997)

The use of night vision devices (NVDs) by US Army foot soldiers, aviator,s and drivers of combat and tactical wheeled vehicles has enhanced operations at night by allowing increased mobility and potentially safer operations. With this increased capability in the night environment has come an increased exposure to the hazards of that environment and the risks that the command structure must manage and balance with mission requirements. Numerous vehicular accidents have occurred during night filed exercises involving drivers wearing image intensification (I<SUP>2</SUP>) systems. These accidents can frequently be attributed to perceptual problems experienced by the drivers. Performance with NVDs generally increases with practice and experience. However, there is little formal training provided in night driving skills and few opportunities to practice these skills under realistic conditions. This paper reports the approach and preliminary result of an effort to define and demonstrate a low-cost night driving simulator concept for training night driving skills with I<SUP>2</SUP> devices and to identify and evaluate the techniques and resources that are available for implementing this approach.
Electrical balance isolation for flexible duplexing in 5G mobile devices (2015)

Exploiting new technologies will be vital in meeting the demanding requirements of 5G radio access. Flexible duplexing architectures will be a key enabling technology in 5G handsets, virtualising the radio spectrum, reducing cost, and increasing link capacity through full duplex radio communication. The tunability, low cost and small form factor of Electrical Balance (EB) duplexing technology makes it an attractive choice for flexible duplexing in small form factor devices. Circuit simulations incorporating measured antenna data have been used to investigate the performance of a dual notch EB duplexer in a full duplex mode at 1900MHz. Results show that, in general, the isolation bandwidth of a dual notch EB duplexer increases with the notch separation frequency, and that at bandwidths below 75MHz, dual notch balancing achieves transmit to receive isolation within 3dB of optimal balancing. The simulated duplexer provides a 30dB isolation bandwidth of up to 200MHz. Therefore, in addition to providing tunable frequency division duplexing functionality, EB duplexing technology can also serve as a component of a broadband full duplex transceiver, thus providing a fully integrated flexible duplexing solution.
Artificial intelligence and machine learning in design of mechanical materials (2020)

Artificial intelligence, especially machine learning (ML) and deep learning (DL) algorithms, is becoming an important tool in the fields of materials and mechanical engineering, attributed to its power to predict materials properties, design de novo materials and discover new mechanisms beyond intuitions. As the structural complexity of novel materials soars, the material design problem to optimize mechanical behaviors can involve massive design spaces that are intractable for conventional methods. Addressing this challenge, ML models trained from large material datasets that relate structure, properties and function at multiple hierarchical levels have offered new avenues for fast exploration of the design spaces. The performance of a ML-based materials design approach relies on the collection or generation of a large dataset that is properly preprocessed using the domain knowledge of materials science underlying chemical and physical concepts, and a suitable selection of the applied ML model. Recent breakthroughs in ML techniques have created vast opportunities for not only overcoming long-standing mechanics problems but also for developing unprecedented materials design strategies. In this review, we first present a brief introduction of state-of-the-art ML models, algorithms and structures. Then, we discuss the importance of data collection, generation and preprocessing. The applications in mechanical property prediction, materials design and computational methods using ML-based approaches are summarized, followed by perspectives on opportunities and open challenges in this emerging and exciting field.
An NMR study of ligand binding by maltodextrin binding protein (1998)

Proton NMR spectra of maltodextrin binding protein from Escherichia coli were used to monitor conformational changes that accompany ligand binding. Chemical shift changes associated with the binding of different maltodextrins to maltodextrin binding protein were studied using one-dimensional difference spectra. Line-shape analysis of an isolated upfield methyl resonance was used to measure the kinetics of maltose binding at several temperatures. Maltose and linear maltodextrins caused similar changes to the upfield protein spectrum with no detectable differences between alpha and beta sugar anomers. Binding of a cyclic ligand, beta-cyclodextrin, caused smaller chemical shift changes than binding of linear maltodextrins. Two maltodextrin derivatives were also studied. Both maltohexaitol and maltohexanoic acid gave one-dimensional difference spectra that were intermediate between those of linear maltodextrins and beta-cyclodextrin. The methyl resonances at -1 and -0.35 ppm were assigned to leucine 160 on the basis of homonuclear COSY and TOCSY experiments and theoretical chemical shift calculations using the X-ray crystal structure of maltodextrin binding protein.Key words: maltose binding protein, chemical shifts, chemical exchange, sugar anomer specificity.
Acidic Ionic Liquids (2016)

Ionic liquid with acidic properties is an important branch in the wide ionic liquid field and the aim of this article is to cover all aspects of these acidic ionic liquids, especially focusing on the developments in the last four years. The structural diversity and synthesis of acidic ionic liquids are discussed in the introduction sections of this review. In addition, an unambiguous classification system for various types of acidic ionic liquids is presented in the introduction. The physical properties including acidity, thermo-physical properties, ionic conductivity, spectroscopy, and computational studies on acidic ionic liquids are covered in the next sections. The final section provides a comprehensive review on applications of acidic ionic liquids in a wide array of fields including catalysis, CO2 fixation, ionogel, electrolyte, fuel-cell, membrane, biomass processing, biodiesel synthesis, desulfurization of gasoline/diesel, metal processing, and metal electrodeposition.
Induced Resistance to Methionyl-tRNA Synthetase Inhibitors in Trypanosoma brucei Is Due to Overexpression of the Target (2013)

New classes of antiparasitic drugs active against Trypanosoma brucei are needed to combat human African trypanosomiasis. Inhibitors of methionyl-tRNA synthetase (MetRS) have excellent potential to be developed for this purpose (S. Shibata, J. R. Gillespie, A. M. Kelley, A. J. Napuli, Z. Zhang, K. V. Kovzun, R. M. Pefley, J. Lam, F. H. Zucker, W. C. Van Voorhis, E. A. Merritt, W. G. Hol, C. L. Verlinde, E. Fan, and F. S. Buckner, Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. 55:1982-1989, 2011). In order to assess the potential for resistance to develop against this new class of inhibitors, T. brucei cultures were grown in the presence of MetRS inhibitors or comparison drugs. Resistance up to ∼50 times the baseline 50% inhibitory concentration (IC50) was induced against a MetRS inhibitor after ∼120 days. A similar level of resistance to the clinical drug eflornithine was induced after ∼50 days and for pentamidine after ∼80 days. Thus, resistance was induced more slowly against MetRS inhibitors than against clinically used drugs. The parasites resistant to the MetRS inhibitor were shown to overexpress MetRS mRNA by a factor of 35 over the parental strain. Southern analysis indicated that the MetRS gene was amplified in the genome by nearly 8-fold. When injected into mice, the MetRS inhibitor-resistant parasites caused a reduced level of infection, indicating that the changes associated with resistance attenuated their virulence. This finding and the fact that resistance to MetRS inhibitors developed relatively slowly are encouraging for further development of this class of compounds. Published studies on other antitrypanosomal drugs have primarily shown that alterations in membrane transporters were the mechanisms responsible for resistance. This is the first published report of induced drug resistance in the African trypanosome due to overexpression of the target enzyme.
Investigation of the structure of nanocrystalline refractory oxides by X-ray diffraction, electron microscopy, and atomic force microscopy (2006)

The structures of nanocrystalline fibrous powders of refractory oxides have been investigated by different methods: determination of coherent-scattering regions, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and atomic-force microscopy (AFM). The sizes of nanograins of different crystalline phases of refractory metal oxides have been determined during the formation of these nanograins and the dynamics of their growth during heat treatment in the temperature range 600–1600°C has been studied. The data on the structure of nanocrystalline refractory oxide powders, obtained by different methods, are in good agreement. According to the data on coherent-scattering regions, the sizes of the ZrO2 (Y2O3) and Al2O3 grains formed are in the range 4–6 nm, and the particle sizes determined according to the TEM and AFM data are in the ranges 5–7 and 2–10 nm, respectively. SEM analysis made it possible to investigate the dynamics of nanoparticle growth at temperatures above 1000°C and establish the limiting temperatures of their consolidation in fibers.
Enhancement of the intensity, persistence, and passive transfer of delayed-type hypersensitivity lesions by pertussigen in mice. (1983)

Pertussigen, a purified protein from Bordetella pertussis, was shown to increase delayed-type hypersensitivity (DTH) to protein antigens in mice. First, it caused an approximately twofold enhancement of the magnitude of 24-h DTH reactions. Second, the peak magnitude of DTH was delayed to 4-7 d after challenge, at which time it was five times more intense than in mice not receiving pertussigen. This reaction was antigen specific, and histologically was characterized by a dense mononuclear infiltrate. Third, pertussigen prolonged DTH so that it was still detectable 3-6 wk after challenge. The effect of pertussigen was seen only in antigen-driven reactions and was time and dose dependent, with 400 ng given 3 d after immunization resulting in the most prolonged reaction. The administration of pertussigen to the recipients of sensitized lymph node cells resulted in DTH that was more intense and prolonged than the reactions in control mice. Administration of pertussigen provides a model of prolonged and enhanced T cell-dependent inflammatory responses.
Asymptotics of sliced inverse regression (1995)

Sliced Inverse Regression is a method for reducing the dimension of the explanatory variables x in non-parametric regression problems. Li (1991) discussed a version of this method which begins with a partition of the range of y into slices so that the conditional covariance matrix of x given y can be estimated by the sample covariance matrix within each slice. After that the mean of the conditional covariance matrix is estimated by averaging the sample covariance matrices over all slices. Hsing and Carroll (1992) have derived the asymptotic properties of this procedure for the special case where each slice contains only two observations. In this paper we consider the case that each slice contains an arbitrary but fixed number of yi and more generally the case when the number of yi per slice goes to infinity. The asymptotic properties of the associated eigenvalues and eigenvectors are also obtained.
Zero-overhead profiling via EM emanations (2016)

This paper presents an approach for zero-overhead profiling (ZOP). ZOP accomplishes accurate program profiling with no modification to the program or system during profiling and no dedicated hardware features. To do so, ZOP records the electromagnetic (EM) emanations generated by computing systems during program execution and analyzes the recorded emanations to track a program’s execution path and generate profiling information. Our approach consists of two main phases. In the training phase, ZOP instruments the program and runs it against a set of inputs to collect path timing information while simultaneously collecting waveforms for the EM emanations generated by the program. In the profiling phase, ZOP runs the original (i.e., uninstrumented and unmodified) program against inputs whose executions need to be profiled, records the waveforms produced by the program, and matches these waveforms with those collected during training to predict which parts of the code were exercised by the inputs and how often. We evaluated an implementation of ZOP on several benchmarks and our results show that ZOP can predict path profiling information for these benchmarks with greater than 94% accuracy on average.
The insulin-secretory-granule carboxypeptidase H. Purification and demonstration of involvement in proinsulin processing (1987)

A carboxypeptidase B-like enzyme was detected in the soluble fraction of purified insulin secretory granules, and implicated in insulin biosynthesis. To investigate the role of this activity further, we purified the enzyme from rat insulinoma tissue by gel-filtration chromatography and affinity elution from p-aminobenzoyl-arginine. A yield of 42%, with a purification factor of 674 over the homogenate, was achieved. Analysis of the purified carboxypeptidase by SDS/polyacrylamide-gel electrophoresis under either reducing or non-reducing conditions showed it to be a monomeric protein of apparent Mr 55,000. The preparation was also homogeneous by high-performance gel-filtration chromatography. The enzyme bound to concanavalin A, showing it to be a glycoprotein. Amino acid analysis or chemical deglycosylation and SDS/polyacrylamide-gel electrophoresis indicated a protein Mr of 50,000, suggesting a carbohydrate content of approx. 9% by weight. The purified enzyme was able to remove basic amino acids from the C-terminus of proinsulin tryptic peptides to generate insulin, but did not further degrade the mature hormone. It was inhibited by EDTA, 1,10-phenanthroline and guanidinoethylmercaptosuccinic acid, and stimulated 5-fold by CoCl2. The pH optimum of the conversion of diarginyl-insulin into insulin was in the range 5-6, with little activity above pH 6.5. Activity was also expressed towards a dansylated tripeptide substrate (dansyl-phenylalanyl-leucyl-arginine; Km = 17.5 microM), and had a pH optimum of 5.5. These properties are indistinguishable from those of the activity located in secretory granules, and are compatible with the intragranular environment. The insulin-secretory-granule carboxypeptidase shared several properties of carboxypeptidase H from bovine adrenal medulla and pituitary. We propose that the carboxypeptidase that we purified is the pancreatic isoenzyme of carboxypeptidase H (crino carboxypeptidase B; EC 3.4.17.10), and is involved in the biosynthesis of insulin in the pancreatic beta-cell.
Mitochondrial d-loop sequence variation and phylogeny of gobiobotine fishes (2002)

The mitochondrial DNA control region is amplified and sequenced from 8 genera and 10 species of gobiobotine fishes. The phylogenetic tree of Gobiobotinae and some representative species of other Cyprinid subfamilies obtained by the method of neighborhood joining, maximum likelihood and maximum parsimony with Danio rerio as an outgroup indicates that Gobiobotinae fishes are a monophyletic group which is close to Gobioninae subfamily. Gobiobotinae should be included into subfamily Gobioninae in terms of phylogenetic analysis. The research result supports that Gobiobotinae can be divided into genus Xenophysogobio and Gobiobotia. Xenophysogabio is the most primitive genera in the subfamily.
A surface acoustic wave (SAW)-enhanced grating-coupling phase-interrogation surface plasmon resonance (SPR) microfluidic biosensor (2016)

A surface acoustic wave (SAW)-enhanced, surface plasmon resonance (SPR) microfluidic biosensor in which SAW-induced mixing and phase-interrogation grating-coupling SPR are combined in a single lithium niobate lab-on-a-chip is demonstrated. Thiol-polyethylene glycol adsorption and avidin/biotin binding kinetics were monitored by exploiting the high sensitivity of grating-coupling SPR under azimuthal control. A time saturation binding kinetics reduction of 82% and 24% for polyethylene and avidin adsorption was obtained, respectively, due to the fluid mixing enhancement by means of the SAW-generated chaotic advection. These results represent the first implementation of a nanostructured SAW-SPR microfluidic biochip capable of significantly improving the molecule binding kinetics on a single, portable device. In addition, the biochip here proposed is suitable for a great variety of biosensing applications.
Chemotactic signaling via carbohydrate phosphotransferase systems in <i>Escherichia coli</i> (2012)

Chemotaxis allows bacteria to follow gradients of nutrients, environmental stimuli, and signaling molecules, optimizing bacterial growth and survival. Escherichia coli has long served as a model of bacterial chemotaxis, and the signal processing by the core of its chemotaxis pathway is well understood. However, most of the research so far has focused on one branch of chemotactic signaling, in which ligands bind to periplasmic sensory domains of transmembrane chemoreceptors and induce a conformational change that is transduced across the membrane to regulate activity of the receptor-associated kinase CheA. Here we quantitatively characterize another, receptor-independent branch of chemotactic signaling that is linked to the sugar uptake through a large family of phosphotransferase systems (PTSs). Using in vivo characterization of intracellular signaling and protein interactions, we demonstrate that signals from cytoplasmic PTS components are transmitted directly to the sensory complexes formed by chemoreceptors, CheA and an adapter protein CheW. We further conclude that despite different modes of sensing, the PTS- and receptor-mediated signals have similar regulatory effects on the conformation of the sensory complexes. As a consequence, both types of signals become integrated and undergo common downstream processing including methylation-dependent adaptation. We propose that such mode of signaling is essential for efficient chemotaxis to PTS substrates and may be common to most bacteria.