gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Fluorous Materials for Biomedical Uses (2004)

This chapter contains sections titled: Introduction Specific Properties of Highly Fluorinated Materials That Are the Basis for Their Uses in Medicine and Biology Perfluoroalkyl Chains: Bulkier, Stiffer, Hydrophobic and Lipophobic Perfluorocarbons: Inert Liquids with Gas-like Behavior Fluorinated Amphiphiles: a Predilection for Self-Assembly Fluorocarbon–Hydrocarbon Diblocks: Fluorophilic/Lipophilic Amphiphiles Contrast Agents for Diagnostic Imaging Gaseous Fluorocarbon-Loaded Microbubbles as Sound Reflectors for Ultrasound Imaging Needs and Challenges Principles of In Vivo Microbubble Stabilization: a Key Role for Perfluorochemicals Bubble-Specific Imaging – Harmonics and Pulse Inversion Techniques Controlled Bubble Destruction: Monitoring Tissue Perfusion The Products Medical Imaging Applications Targeted Fluorinated Colloids for Molecular Imaging – Molecular Markers for Specific Pathologies “Passive” Targeting of Microbubbles Active Site-Directed Targeting of Microbubbles Targeted Fluorocarbon Emulsions for Diagnosis by Ultrasound or Magnetic Resonance Imaging Further Uses of Fluorocarbons in Diagnosis In Vivo Oxygen Delivery: Fluorocarbon-in-Water Emulsions Objectives and Challenges Selecting a Fluorocarbon with Lipophilic Character: Perfluorooctyl Bromide Stabilizing Fluorocarbon Emulsions: Counteracting Molecular Diffusion Fluorocarbon Emulsion Physiology and Clinical Trials Further Research on Fluorocarbon Emulsions for Oxygen Delivery Fluorocarbons as Therapeutic Aids and Tissue-Sustaining Devices Pulmonary Applications – an Anti-Inflammatory Effect? Cardiovascular Uses: Thrombolysis Topical Applications: Fluorocarbon Gels Ophthalmologic Applications Organ and Tissue Preservation, Cell Cultures Delivery of Bioactive Agents The Parenteral Route Microbubbles and Ultrasound Targeted Fluorocarbon Emulsions Fluorinated Vesicles and Other Self-Assembled Fluoro-Colloids The Pulmonary Route – Dispersions of Particles within a Fluorous Phase Highly Fluorinated Materials as Research Tools, Processing Aids, etc. Research Tools Fluorocarbons and Fluorinated Colloids as Processing Aids Summary and Perspectives
Ethylene Polymerization Characteristics of an Electron-Deficient Nickel(II) Phenoxyiminato Catalyst Modulated by Non-Innocent Intramolecular Hydrogen Bonding (2010)

The synthesis and characterization of the neutrally charged electron-deficient nickel(II) phenoxyiminato catalyst {2-(hydroxydiphenylmethyl)-4-tert-butyl-[6-(2,6-diisopropylphenyl)]salicylaldiminato}methyl(trimethylphosphine)nickel(II) (1b) with an intramolecular hydrogen bond directed toward the active catalytic site is reported. At room temperature, catalyst 1b exhibits 2.5× greater ethylene polymerization activity and 2× greater polyethylene product branching than an analogous catalyst without the hydrogen bond (2b). Furthermore, catalyst 1b produces substantially greater polyethylene yields in the presence of polar additives such as ethyl ether, acetone, and water than does 2b under identical conditions. This enhanced polymerization activity in the presence of polar additives suggests that the hydrogen bonding proximate to the metal center significantly modifies the relative rates of competing enchainment and chain transfer processes.
<i>The</i> <i>Sun</i>: <i>Our</i> <i>Future</i> <i>Energy</i> <i>Source</i> (1979)

First Page
Decorated, Tapered, and Highly Nonlinear Granular Chain (2006)

It has been seen that inertial mismatches in 1D granular chains lead to remarkable energy absorption which increases with the number of spheres, N, and tapering, q. Short chains, however, are limited in that regard, and we therefore present one solution which greatly improves performance for any size chain. These strongly nonlinear and scalable systems feature surprisingly complicated dynamics and are inadequately represented by a hard-sphere approximation. Additionally, such systems have shock absorption capacities that vary as a function of position along the chain. In this Letter, we present results in the form of normalized kinetic energy diagrams to illustrate the impressive mitigation capability of both original and improved tapered chains.
Anal Fissure: New Concepts in Pathogenesis and Treatment (1996)

The posterior commissure of the anal canal is less well perfused than the other segments of the anoderm. There is growing evidence that the increased activity of the internal anal sphincter, which is found in almost all patients with a chronic anal fissure, further decreases the anodermal blood supply, especially at the posterior midline. Reduction of anal pressure, either by anal dilatation or by lateral internal sphincterotomy, is the most important step in the treatment of chronic anal fissure. However, both procedures frequently result in permanent sphincter defects and subsequent continence disturbances. Recently, nitric oxide (NO) has been identified as the chemical messenger mediating relaxation of the internal anal sphincter. It has been shown that local application of exogenous NO donors such as nitroglycerin and isosorbide-di-nitrate reduces anal pressure and improves anodermal blood flow. This dual effect results in fissure healing in more than 80% of patients.
Partial purification and characterization of an escherichia coli toxic factor that induces morphological cell alterations (1983)

A factor produced by several strains of Escherichia coli isolated from enteritis-affected children has been shown to produce both a necrotizing effect on rabbit skin and striking morphological alterations on CHO, Vero, and HeLa cells. The same strains were found to have hemolytic activity on sheep erythrocytes. The toxic, cell-altering factor was demonstrated to be different from both heat-labile and heat-stable enterotoxins and from Vero toxin. The main effect induced by the isolated factor on cultured cells was the formation of large multinucleated cells. The partial purification achieved suggests that the same factor (most likely a protein with a molecular weight of 70,000 to 80,000) is responsible for toxic and cell-altering activities, whereas a different molecular species is responsible for hemolytic activity.
Performance criteria for the transmission of real time interactive speech over local area networks employing the Manufacturing Automation Protocol/Technical Office Protocol in a computer integrated manufacturing environment (1990)

The paper outlines the problems involved in implementing real time interactive speed on LANs designed for use in a CIM environment, and proposes strategies for minimising certain difficulties and obviating others, to produce a reasonable quality of speech over the common network. This is the first step towards providing a fully integrated speech and data network-the interactive information system.
Near-field communication sensors and cloud-based smart restaurant management system (2016)

In this paper, we introduce an efficient and user-friendly Smart Restaurant Management System. This system will solve key problems faced by restaurants today through the use of technologies such as Mobile and Web applications, Internet of Things (IoT), Near-Field Communications (NFC) sensors, and cloud computing. Restaurants have many inefficiencies due to human limitations that can be resolved through automation and device-to-device communication. This Smart Restaurant Management System accomplishes this by providing two interfaces for the two types of users in restaurants; an Android mobile application for customers and a web application for restaurant staff members. The Android mobile application allows customers to have a seamless dining experience with features such as finding available parking spaces easier through internet-connected infrared proximity sensors in the parking lot, finding available tables at the restaurant easier through NFC sensors, ordering dishes through an interactive menu, and being able to pay the bill from their NFC equipped phones. The web application provides staff members benefits such as collecting data and statistics on the restaurant's performance in real time and automating the order placement system for waiters and cooks via IoT technology.
Effects of Sc and Zr Addition on Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of AA5182 (2021)

The effects of 0.1 wt.% Sc and 0.1 wt.% Zr addition in AA5182 on microstructure and mechanical properties were investigated. Results show that Al<sub>3</sub>(Sc<sub>x</sub>Zr<sub>1-x</sub>) dispersoids formed in AA5182. Observation of ingots microstructures showed that the grain size of 5182-Sc-Zr alloy was 56% lower than that of based AA5182. Isothermal annealing between 230 °C and 500 °C for 2 h was performed to study the recrystallization, tensile properties and dispersoid coarsening. The recrystallization was inhibited by the dispersoids, and the alloy microstructure remained deformed after annealing. Al<sub>3</sub>(Sc<sub>x</sub>Zr<sub>1-x</sub>) in AA5182 was stable when annealing below 400 °C, while parts of dispersoids coarsened significantly when heating at 500 °C. The addition of Sc and Zr allowed YS of 5182 alloy to achieve 247.8 MPa, which is 100 MPa higher than the corresponding AA5182. The contributions of Orowan strengthening and grain boundary strengthening were obtained by calculation.
Transcriptional activation of phosphodiesterase 7B1 by dopamine D1 receptor stimulation through the cyclic AMP/cyclic AMP‐dependent protein kinase/cyclic AMP‐response element binding protein pathway in primary striatal neurons (2004)

Phosphodiesterase (PDE) 7B, a cAMP-specific PDE which is dominantly expressed in striatum, is expected to be involved in dopaminergic signaling in striatal neurons. Here we show, for the first time, the involvement of the dopaminergic signaling pathway in transcriptional activation of rat PDE7B in primary striatal culture. RT-PCR analysis revealed that dopamine, D1 agonist, forskolin and 8-Br-cAMP stimulation potentiated PDE7B transcription in striatal neurons, while D2 agonist failed to activate the PDE7B transcription. Pre-treatment with D1 antagonist abolished the dopamine- or D1 agonist-induced transcriptional activation of PDE7B. The activation of PDE7B transcription by these stimulators was completely ablated by pre-treatment of the cells with a cAMP-dependent protein kinase inhibitor, H-89. RT-PCR using splice variant-specific primers revealed that transcription of PDE7B1, but not of other splice variants, was activated by D1 agonist. We determined the putative transcription start site of PDE7B1, a brain-specific splice variant of PDE7B, by 5'-RACE and identified a promoter region of PDE7B1. Sequence analysis of the PDE7B1 promoter revealed the presence of a canonical cAMP-response element at 166 bp upstream of the putative transcription start site. The cAMP-responsiveness of the PDE7B1 promoter was demonstrated by functional promoter analysis using the luciferase reporter system. Deletion and mutation of the cAMP-response element site in the PDE7B1 promoter abolished the forskolin-induced activation of the PDE7B1 promoter activity. Electrophoretic mobility shift assay showed the binding of cAMP-response element binding protein to the PDE7B1 promoter. These data demonstrate the dopamine D1 receptor-mediated transcriptional activation of PDE7B through the cAMP/cAMP-dependent protein kinase/cAMP-response element binding protein pathway in striatal neurons.
Apollon gene silencing induces apoptosis in breast cancer cells through p53 stabilisation and caspase-3 activation (2009)

We analysed the effects of small interfering RNA (siRNA)-mediated silencing of Apollon, a member of the inhibitors of apoptosis protein family, on the proliferative potential and ability of human breast cancer cell lines to undergo apoptosis. In wild-type p53 ZR75.1 cells, Apollon knockdown resulted in a marked, time-dependent decline of cell growth and an increased rate of apoptosis, which was associated with p53 stabilisation and activation of the mitochondrial-dependent apoptotic pathway. Pre-incubation of cells with a p53-specific siRNA resulted in a partial rescue of cell growth inhibition, as well as in a marked reduction of the apoptotic response, indicating p53 as a major player in cell growth impairment consequent on Apollon silencing. Apollon knockdown induced consistently less pronounced anti-proliferative and pro-apoptotic effects in mutant p53 MDA-MB-231 cells than in ZR75.1 cells. Furthermore, the activation of caspase-3 seemed to be essential for the induction of apoptosis after Apollon knockdown, as the Apollon-specific siRNA had no effect on the viability of caspase-3-deficient, wild-type p53 MCF-7 cells or the ZR75.1 cells after RNA interference-mediated caspase-3 silencing. Our results indicate that p53 stabilisation and caspase-3 activation concur to determine the apoptotic response mediated by Apollon knockdown in breast cancer cells, and suggest Apollon to be a potential new therapeutic target for this malignancy.
Production of pseudoephedrine HCl pellets in a high shear mixer-granulator (1994)

Pelletization in a high shear mixer-granulator was tested as an alternative for the most widely used pelletization process, which is extrusion followed by spheronization. High dosage range pellets were produced with pseudoephedrine HCl as a model drug substance and microcrystalline cellulose as the main excipient. Strong pellets with a relatively narrow particle size distribution were produced. Two conclusions could be made. Firstly, the pseudoephedrine HCl concentration and particle size of the pellets influenced the bulk and true density; secondly, pseudoephedrine HCl was completely released from the pellets in a few minutes accordingly the Higuchi equation.
Low voltage, highly tunable diffraction grating based on dielectric elastomer actuators (2007)

We present an electrically tunable diffraction grating, driven by thin-film dielectric elastomer actuators. The device combines the advantages of dielectric elastomer actuators, capable of generating very large strains, with the desirable properties of Micro-Opto-Electro-Mechanical Systems (MOEMS). The soft materials based tunable diffraction grating achieves a continuous grating period change of 19.2%, when a voltage of 500 V is applied. This is an improvement by a factor of 90 compared to conventional analog tunable diffraction gratings based on hard materials. Further device characterization yielded a tunable angular range of more than 100 mrad. Additionally, we show that in combination with a collimated white light source (e.g. white light emitting diode), the discussed tunable diffraction grating can be used for wavelength-adjustable luminous sources. Integrated into displays, these light sources could facilitate the first technology able to reproduce all perceivable colors.
Calcium phosphate nanoparticles as nuclei for the preparation of colloidal calcium phytate (2008)

Colloidal calcium phytate was prepared by anion-exchange of phosphate by phytate, starting from calcium phosphate nanoparticles. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) showed spherical nanoparticles of narrow size distribution, in good agreement with dynamic light scattering (DLS) results, whose diameter could be adjusted between about 40 to 250 nm depending on the employed synthesis conditions. The particle surface is covered by phytate anions as indicated by the strongly negative zeta potential of −40 to −50 mV. The preparation of a stable colloid was only possible within a narrow range of the ratio of calcium to phytate. Infrared spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction and elemental analysis showed that the particles consisted of X-ray amorphous calcium phytate. The colloidal dispersions were stable for about two weeks before precipitation occurred.
Scanning-tunneling-microscopy study on the growth mode of vapor-deposited gold films (1992)

The growth of gold deposits on smooth glass from the vapor phase at 30 ${\mathrm{nm}}^{\mathrm{\ensuremath{-}}1}$ ${\mathrm{s}}^{\mathrm{\ensuremath{-}}1}$, 298 K, and incident angle near the substrate normal covering the 30--1000 nm average film thickness (h\ifmmode\bar\else\textasciimacron\fi{}) range is investigated through scanning tunneling microscopy (STM) complemented with oxygen-adatom electrosorption measurements. The STM images of the deposits reveal a columnar structure resulting from a mechanism involving shadowing and surface diffusion. Quantitative data are obtained directly from STM images. The height distribution N(h) of the interface obeys an N(h)\ensuremath{\propto}${\mathit{e}}^{\mathrm{\ensuremath{-}}\mathit{k}\mathit{h}}$ relationship. For h\ifmmode\bar\else\textasciimacron\fi{}500 nm, the interface thickness (\ensuremath{\xi}) increases as a power law with h\ifmmode\bar\else\textasciimacron\fi{}, whereas for h\ifmmode\bar\else\textasciimacron\fi{}>500 nm it reaches a steady state. Under the latter condition, \ensuremath{\xi} depends on the STM scan length (S) as \ensuremath{\xi}\ensuremath{\propto}${\mathit{S}}^{\mathrm{\ensuremath{\alpha}}}$ with \ensuremath{\alpha} close to 1/3. These results indicate that the growth process of the gold deposits results in compact nonfractal structures with self-affine fractal surfaces, as predicted by ballistic deposition models. However, the latter fail to describe some aspects of the morphology and evolution of thin vapor-deposited gold films on this substrate.
DFT Perspective on the Thermochemistry of Carbon Nitride Synthesis (2016)

Graphitic (g)-CxNyHz has become a popular family of photoharvesters in photocatalytic water splitting cells, as well as other applications in chemistry. In this Article, different g-CxNyHz structures were studied thermochemically using DFT. Following a benchmark study with different families of functionals, the B3LYP functional was shown to accurately capture the thermochemistry of carbon nitride synthesis. A triple-ζ polarized basis set, in combination with Civalleri’s modification to Grimme’s D2 formalism (with s6 = 0.5) for dispersion interactions, yielded accurate geometries. Grimme’s D3 formalism with Becke–Johnson damping was used to refine the energetic description of dispersion interactions. The stepwise cycloaddition of cyanamide to form melamine was shown to be exergonic, whereas the stepwise deamination of melamine to form g-C3N4 was shown to be endergonic. Of those structures respecting the [C6N9H3]n chemical formula, the structure commonly known as “melon” was found to be most stable, whereas the sp3-hybridized [C6N9H3]n elucidated by Horvath-Bordon et al. was found to be the least stable. Fully polymerized triazine-based g-C3N4 appeared slightly more stable than heptazine-based g-C3N4.
Catalytic Upgrading of Bioethanol to Fuel Grade Biobutanol: A Review (2015)

Biobutanol is increasingly attracting industrial interest as a fuel additive because of its numerous advantages over bioethanol that include higher calorific value, fuel efficiency, and reduced-engine problems. Therefore, bioethanol valorization to biobutanol provides a good option for the energy industry. This paper reviews literature on the recent progress for the ethanol to butanol (ETB) process. Issues related to catalyst development and the role of compositional properties (i.e., catalyst nature and acidity-basicity) and reaction parameters in enhancing butanol yield were critically examined. The mini review also discussed the reaction mechanisms involved and identified new paths for further studies.
Repair or Replacement--A Joint Perspective (2009)

Insights into the molecular origins of cartilage lubrication could lead to more efficient tissue repair and to longer-lasting prostheses for hip and knee joints.
Design and fabrication of a hybrid in tegrated optical pickup device (2002)

A hybrid integrated optical pickup device was designed and prepared thr ough optical design and chip design.It consists of micro lens,photo detectors and CMOS integrated circuits.During the testing,the hybrid integrated opti cal pickup device shows pretty good o utput characteristics,which infers that the basic function of opt ical pickup device is achieved.
Den svenska modellens uppgång och fäll —En essä. (1998)

Den svenska modellen ar stadd i snabb forvittring konstaterade Maktutred­ ningen i sin slutrapport 1990. Nu atta ar senare finns det fog for att havda att den slutligen har ramnat. Lonebildningen ar allmant okoordinerad. Den stora intresseorganisationerna ar inte langre foretradda i den offentliga forvaltning­ ens styrelser. Parterna kan inte komma overens ens om smarre modifieringar i arbetsratten. Den generella valfardspolitiken vittrar och full sysselsattning ar inte langre ett samlande och overordnat politiskt mal. Som framgar av denna upprakning ar begreppet den svenska modellen omstritt. Man har pekat pa en rad olika saker som den aktiva arbetsmarknadspolitiken, det centraliserade svenska loneforhandlingssystemet, de starka intresseorganisationernas infly­ tande over politiken och nara samarbete med staten, den generella valfardspo­ litiken och annat. Aven om dessa politiska foreteelser kan inga i begreppet den svenska modellen sa tror jag att ingen av dem fangar essensen bakom denna samhallsmodell. Forskarna har, och har tillhor jag sjalv en av de svarar­ tade syndarna, i huvudsak fangat modellens ytfenomen, eller om man skall vara vanligare, dess framtradelseformer. Grundbulten i modellen var enligt min mening nagot annat, namligen fortroende. Under 1920-talet ledde som valkant Sverige statistiken over antalet forlorade arbetsdagar till foljd av in­ dustriella konflikter. Klasskampen rasade, och produktionen stod till foljd av detta ofta stilla. Samtidigt blev det alltmer klart att detta i det lage som gavs var en situation med huvudsakligen forlorare. Situationen kan beskrivas som ett klassiskt socialt dilemma. Ett sadant utmarks av foljande logik: 1. Situationen ar sadan att vinner pa om valjer att samarbeta. 2. Men—om man inte litar pa att alla de samarbetar, ar det menings­ lost att sjalv valja att samarbeta eftersom det som skall astadkommas kraver att atminstone nastan andra ocksa samarbetar.
Review of catalytic systems and thermodynamics for the Guerbet condensation reaction and challenges for biomass valorization (2015)

This review deals with homogeneous and heterogeneous catalytic processes for the Guerbet condensation, as well as discusses biomass sources, thermodynamics and technological considerations.
Fucose α1,3-Linked to the Core Region of Glycoprotein N-Glycans Creates an Important Epitope for IgE from Honeybee Venom Allergic Individuals (1993)

The reactivity of sera from honeybee venom allergic patients with the N-glycan of phospholipase A2 was investigated using neoglycoproteins with an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Of 122 sera with appreciable levels of IgE antibodies directed against bee venom as measured by radioallergosorbent test, 34 sera exhibited significant amounts of glycan-reactive IgE. These sera cross-reacted with the N-glycan from the plant glycoprotein bromelain. The interaction of IgE with the N-glycan from phospholipase could be inhibited with glycopeptides from bromelain which shares the alpha 1,3-fucosylation of the asparagine-bound N-acetylglucosamine with bee venom phospholipase. Since defucosylated bromelain glycopeptides or glycopeptides containing a Man3GlcNAc2 oligosaccharide were not recognized by most of these sera, we conclude that alpha 1,3-fucosylation of the innermost N-acetylglucosamine residue of N-glycoproteins forms an IgE-reactive determinant. This structural element is frequent in glycoproteins from plants, and it occurs also in insects. It is suspected to be one of the major causes of the broad allergenic cross-reactivity among various allergens from insects and plants.