gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Maskless micro-ion-beam reduction lithography (1999)

An ion projection lithography (IPL) technique called maskless micro-ion-beam reduction lithography (MMRL) is being studied for future dynamic random access memory and microprocessors manufacturing. In addition to minimum feature sizes of 50 nm or less required of next generation lithography, this MMRL system is proposed to completely eliminate the first stage of the conventional IPL system that contains the complicated beam optics design in front of the stencil mask and the mask itself. Its main components consist of a multi-cusp, rf plasma generator, a multi-beamlet extraction system, and an accelerator column for beam reduction. The viability of this MMRL system hinges upon the successful development of these components, most importantly the proposed all-electrostatic accelerator column. This article describes the different components of the MMRL system and its ion optics. Computational results of beam demagnification and optics optimization are also presented along with design progress of the prototype MMRL system.
High‐aperture cryogenic light microscopy (2009)

We report here the development of instruments and protocols for carrying out high numerical aperture immersion light microscopy on cryogenic specimens. Imaging by this modality greatly increases the lifetimes of fluorescence probes, including those commonly used for protein localization studies, while retaining the ability to image the specimen with high fidelity and spatial resolution. The novel use of a cryogenic immersion fluid also minimizes the refractive index mismatch between the sample and lens, leading to a more efficient coupling of the light from the sample to the image forming system. This enhancement is applicable to both fluorescence and transmitted light microscopy techniques. The design concepts used for the cryogenic microscope can be applied to virtually any existing light-based microscopy technique. This prospect is particularly exciting in the context of 'super-resolution' techniques, where enhanced fluorescence lifetime probes are especially useful. Thus, using this new modality it is now possible to observe dynamic events in a live cell, and then rapidly vitrify the specimen at a specific time point prior to carrying out high-resolution imaging. The techniques described can be used in conjunction with other imaging modalities in correlated studies. We have also developed instrumentation to perform cryo-light imaging together with soft X-ray tomography on the same cryo-fixed specimen as a means of carrying out high content, quantifiable correlated imaging analyses. These methods are equally applicable to correlated light and electron microscopy of frozen biological objects.
Visualizations everywhere: A Multiplatform Infrastructure for Linked Visualizations (2010)

In order to use new visualizations, most toolkits require application developers to rebuild their applications and distribute new versions to users. The WebCharts Framework take a different approach by hosting JavaScript from within an application and providing a standard data and events interchange. In this way, applications can be extended dynamically, with a wide variety of visualizations. We discuss the benefits of this architectural approach, contrast it to existing techniques, and give a variety of examples and extensions of the basic system.
A method for achieving constant rotation rates in a microorthogonal linkage system (2000)

Silicon micromachine designs include engines that consist of orthogonally oriented linear comb-drive actuators mechanically connected to a relating gear. These gears are as small as 50 /spl mu/m in diameter and can be driven at rotation rates exceeding 300000 r/min. Generally, these engines will run with nonuniform rotation rates if the drive signals are not properly designed and maintained over a range of system parameters. We present a method for producing constant rotation rates in a microengine driven by an orthogonal linkage system. We show that, provided the values of certain masses, springs, damping factors, and lever arms are in the right proportions, the system behaves as though it were symmetrical. We will refer to systems built in this way as being quasi-symmetrical. We show that if a system is built quasi-symmetrically, then it is possible to achieve constant rotation rates even if one does not know the form of the friction function or the value of the friction. We analyze this case in some detail.
Notice of Removal: Acoustic methods for cavitation threshold modulation (2017)

Removed.
Tunable antenna techniques for compact handset applications (2013)

Today's handset antenna needs to support many more bands complying with the standards specifications, yet still within the handset confined form factor. This study presents novel tunable antennas techniques. The antenna tuning here is achieved by loading the antenna aperture. Different loading types, topologies and placement options for optimised performance are investigated leading to design recommendations and guidelines. These are used in the successful design of two planar inverted‐F antenna‐based handset antennas with a low band tuning range of 620–950 MHz and a high band tuning range of 1.5–2.1 GHz. The designed tunable antennas are miniaturised in the process while maintaining very good radiation performance.
<title>X(2) dispersion and waveguiding measurements in acentric chromophoric self-assembled NLO materials</title> (1994)

An attractive and challenging approach to the construction of robust, thin film materials with large second-order optical nonlinearities is the covalent self-assembly of aligned arrays of high-(beta) molecular chromophores into multilayer superlattices. In this paper, we describe the dispersion of the large second harmonic generation (SHG) response in a self-assembled film containing stilbazolium chromophore building blocks. We also describe a new approach to fabricating SHG waveguides with such materials as well as preliminary confirmatory experimental results.
A Highly Digital MDLL-Based Clock Multiplier That Leverages a Self-Scrambling Time-to-Digital Converter to Achieve Subpicosecond Jitter Performance (2008)

This paper presents a mostly digital multiplying delay-locked loop (MDLL) architecture that leverages a new time-to-digital converter (TDC) and a correlated double-sampling technique to achieve subpicosecond jitter performance. The key benefit of the proposed structure is that it provides a highly digital technique to reduce deterministic jitter in the MDLL output with low sensitivity to mismatch and offset in the associated tuning circuits. The TDC structure, which is based on a gated ring oscillator (GRO), is expected to benefit other PLL/DLL applications as well due to the fact that it scrambles and first-order noise shapes its associated quantization noise. Measured results are presented of a custom MDLL prototype that multiplies a 50 MHz reference frequency to 1.6 GHz with 928 fs rms jitter performance. The prototype consists of two 0.13 mum integrated circuits, which have a combined active area of 0.06 mm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> and a combined core power of 5.1 mW, in addition to an FPGA board, a discrete DAC, and a simple RC filter.
Distinct Cellular Localization and Regulation of Endothelin-1 and Endothelin-Converting Enzyme-1 Expression in the Bovine Corpus Luteum: Implications for Luteolysis (2001)

Endothelin-1 (ET)-1 within the corpus luteum (CL) is rapidly up-regulated during natural or PGF(2 alpha)-induced luteolysis; however, such an increase was not observed at early luteal stage, when the CL is refractory to PGF(2 alpha). The mature and active form of ET-1 is derived from the inactive intermediate peptide, big ET-1, by ET-converting enzyme (ECE)-1. This study therefore examined the developmental and cell-specific expression of ECE-1 in bovine CL. A significant, 4-fold, elevation in ECE-1 expression (mRNA and protein levels) occurred during the transition of the CL from early to midluteal phase. Analysis using in-situ hybridization and enriched luteal cell subpopulations showed that both steroidogenic and endothelial cells of the CL expressed high levels of ECE-1 mRNA; prepro ET-1 mRNA, on the other hand, was only expressed by resident endothelial cells. These data suggest that luteal parenchymal and endothelial cells may cooperate in the biosynthesis of mature bioactive ET-1. In the mature CL, ECE-1 mRNA increase occurred both in steroidogenic and endothelial cells and was accompanied by a significant rise in ET-1 peptide. However, in contrast to ECE-1, prepro ET-1 mRNA levels were similar in early and midluteal-phase CL. Low ECE-1 levels during the early luteal phase, restricting the production of active ET-1, may explain why the immature CL is able to withstand PGF(2 alpha)-induced luteolysis.
Decomposition of PCBs in Oils Using Gamma Radiolysis A Treatability Study - Final Report (1996)

Several legacy hydraulic oil waste streams contaminated with Aroclor 1260 and small amounts of Cesium-137 have been in storage at the Idaho National Engineering Laboratory (INEL) due to the lack of appropriate treatment facilities. The goal of this study was to demonstrate that polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) could be selectively decomposed in the oils. Removal of the PCB component to less than the 2 mg/L treatment standard should result in a waste oil that is not regulated by the Toxic Substances Control Act. Irradiation of the oils with high gamma-ray doses produces free electrons in the solution that react with PCBs. The reaction results in dechlorination of the PCBs to produce biphenyl. The gamma-ray source was spent reactor fuel stored in the Advanced Test Reactor canal at the INEL. A dry tube extends into the canal which allowed for positioning of samples in the proximity of the fuel. The gamma-ray dose rates at the samples varied from 10 to 30 kGy/h. This was measured using commercially available FWT-60 dosimeters. Irradiation of samples in a series of progressively increasing absorbed doses allowed the generation of rate constants used to predict absorbed doses necessary to meet the 2 mg/kg treatment standard. Three separate irradiation experiments were performed. The first irradiation used a maximum absorbed dose of 183 kGy. This experiment demonstrated that the PCB concentration decreased and allowed calculation of preliminary rate constants. The second irradiation used a maximum absorbed dose of 760 kGy. From this experiment, accurate rate constants were calculated, and the necessary absorbed dose to achieve the treatment standard was calculated. In the third irradiation of 2,242 kGy, all three waste streams were adequately decontaminated.
Experiments in holographic video imaging (1990)

Reduction of the information content of a hologram to the minimum necessary to support strong spatial perception makes possible the interactive computation, transmission, and display of three-dimensional animated holographic images.
Antitumor Benzothiazoles. 3. Synthesis of 2-(4-Aminophenyl)benzothiazoles and Evaluation of Their Activities against Breast Cancer Cell Lines <i>in </i><i>Vitro </i>and <i>in Vivo</i> (1996)

A new series of 2-(4-aminophenyl)benzothiazoles substituted in the phenyl ring and benzothiazole moiety has been synthesized by simple, high-yielding routes. The parent molecule 5a shows potent inhibitory activity in vitro in the nanomolar range against a panel of human breast cancer cell lines, but is inactive (IC50 > 30 microM) against other cell types: activity against the sensitive breast lines MCF-7 and MDA 468 is characterized by a biphasic dose-response relationship. Structure-activity relationships derived using these cell types has revealed that activity follows the heterocyclic sequence benzothiazole > benzoxazole >> benzimidazole and that 2-(4-aminophenyl)benzothiazoles bearing a 3'-methyl- 9a, 3'-bromo- 9c, 3'-iodo- 9f, and 3'-chloro-substituent 9i are especially potent and their activity extends to ovarian, lung, and renal cell lines. Four compounds have been evaluated in vivo against human mammary carcinoma models in nude mice. Compound 9a showed the most potent growth inhibition against the ER+ (MCF-7 and BO) and ER- (MT-1 and MT-3) tumors. Our efforts to identify a pharmacological mechanism of action for these intriguing compounds have not, as yet, been successful.
Reconstruction of permittivity images from capacitance tomography data by using very fast simulated annealing (2004)

In this paper we introduce an image reconstruction technique for imaging permittivity distributions using electrical capacitance tomography, based on global optimization by very fast simulated annealing. Electrical capacitance measurement data are obtained between electrodes placed around the outer wall of an electrically insulating pipe. Such data are used to infer material distributions inside the pipe. The data are processed in order to reconstruct an image of the spatial distribution of the relative electrical permittivity (also known as dielectric constant) inside the pipe, which reflects a material distribution. In the very fast simulated annealing method, the permittivity image is reconstructed by minimizing iteratively a cost function related to the difference between the measured data and those calculated for an estimated permittivity distribution that is repeatedly updated, in a semi-random search process that mimics the thermodynamic phenomena of annealing (as metals slowly cool down) or crystallization (as liquids freeze). The images are refined until their calculated capacitance data match the measured data, in which case it is considered that such images properly resemble the permittivity distribution that produced the measured capacitance data.
Impact of the isolation medium for detection of carbapenemase-producing Enterobacteriaceae using an updated version of the Carba NP test (2014)

Microbiology Society journals contain high-quality research papers and topical review articles. We are a not-for-profit publisher and we support and invest in the microbiology community, to the benefit of everyone. This supports our principal goal to develop, expand and strengthen the networks available to our members so that they can generate new knowledge about microbes and ensure that it is shared with other communities.
A FUZZY LOGIC APPROACH TO SUPERVISED SEGMENTATION FOR OBJECT- ORIENTED CLASSIFICATION (2006)

Object-oriented classification has shown a great potential in the classification of very high resolution satellite images, such as QuickBird and Ikonos. In the object-oriented classification, object segmentation is a crucial process and it significantly influences the classification results. Current techniques heavily rely on the operator’s experience to find appropriate segmentation parameters for achieving an acceptable classification result, which is a labour intensive and time consuming work. The success of the classification often depends on the knowledge and expertise of the operator. This paper presents a fuzzy logic approach to the determination of suitable object segmentation parameters leading to an improved object-oriented classification result. To obtain a set of optimum object segmentation parameters, an initial segmentation needs to be applied to the input image at a finer scale for identifying object’s primitive segments. The primitive segments are then used to train the fuzzy logic system. After the training, a set of optimum segmentation parameters can be found by the fuzzy logic system, resulting in optimum classification results. This fuzzy logic approach also significantly increases the classicisation efficiency by reducing iterative, knowledge-based, interactive adjustments of segmentation parameters. Testing rests demonstrated that this approach is promising to significantly improve current object-oriented classification techniques.
Author response: Integrin alpha11 is an Osteolectin receptor and is required for the maintenance of adult skeletal bone mass (2018)

Integrin a11 is identified as an Osteolectin receptor, revealing a new mechanism for adult skeletal bone maintenance in which Osteolectin/a11b1 signaling promotes bone formation by activating the Wnt pathway.
Integrated Bi-Directional AC/DC and DC/DC Converter for Plug-in Hybrid Electric Vehicle Conversion (2007)

As the result of a wide range of efforts to improve fuel economy and reduce emissions of conventional vehicles, hybrid electric vehicle (HEV) technology has been commercialized. HEVs show better mile per gallon (MPG) than conventional vehicles. As a new practical breakthrough to reduce air pollution and fuel consumption, particularly in urban areas, converting HEVs into plug-in hybrid electric vehicles (PHEVs) has been considered significant. PHEVs have a battery pack of high energy density and can run solely on electric power for a given range. The battery pack can be recharged by neighborhood outlet charger. In this paper, a novel integrated bi-directional AC/DC and DC/DC converter (IBADDDC) will be proposed, which is able to function as a battery charger and to transfer electrical energy between battery pack and the high voltage bus of the electric drive train system. It is shown that IBADDDC can provide the reduced number of high current inductors and current transducers, and fault current tolerance in high power applications for PHEV conversion.
IDENTIFICATION OF SUGARCANE PROTEINS INVOLVED IN POSTTRANSCRIPTIONAL GENE SILENCING (2001)

One role of posttranscriptional gene silencing (PTGS) in plants is to limit virus replication and spread. Different plant viral proteins have recently been identified as suppressors of PTGS. These different viral proteins have also been shown to act at different steps in the silencing pathway. We have demonstrated that the Sorghum mosaic virus (SrMV) Pllhelper component-proteinase (PIIHCPro) can reverse silencing in transgenic sugarcane tissues where it was already established and thus seems to disrupt the maintenance step of PTGS. We have begun to isolate sugarcane proteins involved in PTGS by using the HC-Pro and P1 proteins of SrMV as baits in yeast two-hybrid screens.
Protective and nonprotective epitopes of chemically synthesized peptides of the NH2-terminal region of type 6 streptococcal M protein. (1986)

The protective immunogenicity of chemically synthesized copies of the NH2-terminal region of type 6 streptococcal M protein was investigated. Four overlapping peptides were synthesized by copying residues 1-20, 10-20, 12-31, and 22-31. Rabbit antisera raised against whole cells of type 6 streptococci reacted at high dilutions (1/12,800 to 1/51,200) with S-M6(1-20) and S-M6(10-20), and at low dilutions (1/100-1/800) with S-M6(12-31) and S-M6(22-31), indicating that the NH2-terminal region of type 6 M protein bears immunodominant epitopes. When covalently linked to tetanus toxoid and emulsified in complete Freund's adjuvant, the synthetic peptides S-M6(1-20), S-M6(10-20), and S-M6(12-31), but not S-M6(22-31), evoked type-specific opsonic antibodies against type 6 streptococci. Although the immune sera reacted in low dilutions by enzyme linked immunoabsorbent assay (ELISA) with the heterologous M protein polypeptides pep M5, pep M19, and pep M24, they failed to opsonize the streptococci from which these M protein polypeptides were derived. Each of the immune sera reacted in high dilution by ELISA with the respective immunizing peptides. All except those against S-M6(22-31) also reacted with pep M6. None of the immune sera reacted with human cardiac tissue by immunofluorescence or with muscle myosin by ELISA. The pattern of the inhibition of opsonization by each of the synthetic peptides of each of the immune sera indicates the presence of at least three protective epitopes in the NH2-terminal region of type 6 M protein. Our results indicate that the NH2-terminal region of type 6 M protein contains both protective and nonprotective epitopes, and chemically synthesized copies of this region lack cardiac tissue cross-reactive epitopes. These studies hold promise for the development of safe and effective vaccines against group A streptococci, especially against the strains giving rise to rheumatic fever and rheumatic heart disease.
Economic evaluation of low temperature thermal stripping of volatile organic compounds from soil. Technical report, February-August 1986 (1986)

A field demonstration project was conducted at Letterkenny Army Depot in the fall of 1985. This pilot testing project demonstrated that the low-temperature thermal stripping process could successfully remove volatile organic compounds (VOC's) from soils. Soils were treated in a thermal processor, an indirect heat exchanger used to heat and dry the contaminated soil. The net effect of heating the soil was to evaporate volatile contaminants. A carrier gas (i.e., air) was introduced to the unit to enhance contaminant removal. Contaminatns in the off-gases were thermally destroyed in an afterburner. This report presents the results of a comprehensive study that evaluates the economics of four separate low temperature thermal stripping (LTTS) system sizes and two separate system configurations (i.e., with and without flue-gas scrubbing) for application at three separate size sites. LTTS system capital and operating costs are presented in total dollars and unit cost.
The distributed meetings system (2004)

Meetings are an integral part of everyday life for most work-groups. However, due to travel, time, or other constraints, people are often not able to attend all the meetings they need to. Teleconferencing and recording of meetings can address this problem. We describe a system that provides these features, as well as a user study evaluation of the system. The system uses a variety of capture devices (a novel 360/spl deg/ camera, a whiteboard camera, an overview camera, PC graphics capture, and a microphone array) to provide a rich experience for people who want to participate in a meeting from a distance. The system is also combined with speaker clustering, spatial indexing, and time compression to provide a rich experience for people who miss a meeting and want to watch it afterward.
Mucosal Healing and anti TNFs in IBD (2010)

Mucosal healing has been incorporated in the assessment of treatment efficacy in ulcerative colitis, but in Crohn's disease this concept has only emerged after biological therapies have been evaluated in clinical trials. Systemic steroids don't induce mucosal healing in Crohn's disease, but purine analogues and anti TNF agents have a potential to heal mucosal ulcerations. Evidence for mucosal healing has now been provided for the anti TNF agents infliximab, adalimumab and certolizumab. For infliximab mucosal healing is associated with a reduction in hospitalizations and surgeries. On the contrary, the benefit of treating patients with IBD more intensively until they achieve mucosal healing has not been proven. In clinical practice assessing mucosal healing should be considered in patients with persistent symptoms despite adequate therapy and when treatment discontinuation is being considered.
Solid-liquid composite structures: elastic beams with embedded liquid-filled parallel-channel networks (2014)

Deformation due to embedded fluidic networks is currently studied in the context of soft-actuators and soft-robotics. Expanding on this concept, beams can be designed so that the pressure in the channel-network is created directly from external forces acting on the beam, and thus can be viewed as passive solid-liquid composite structure. We obtain a continuous function relating the network geometry to the deformation. This enables design of networks creating arbitrary steady and time varying deformation-fields as well as to eliminate deformation created by external forces.