gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Hydraulic Testing of Ordnance Components (2006)

This paper describes a range of hydraulic fatigue and pressure tests carried out on gun barrels and ordnance components in support of weapons research and development programs. Cyclic testing of representative sections of large caliber guns has been routinely carried out to determine safe fatigue life for operational use. Ultrasonic techniques have been developed for mapping multiple cracks within the gun barrels by which periodic examinations of barrels during testing have been used to build up histories of crack initiation and growth. In relatively unworn barrels multiple cracks, initiated along each rifling groove, are shown to form in an extremely stable array that can grow to several millimeters depth, in agreement with calculated stress intensity factors, before one crack accelerates to dominate final failure. The development of localized erosion from extensive firing is shown to significantly affect the subsequent hydraulic fatigue cycling by generation of only one or two cracks as well as the prior removal of heavily prestressed bore material. Tests on fume extractor sections of barrels show that cracking initiates in the jet holes and only grows to the bore at late stages. Introduction of different levels of autofrettage acts to bias the radial location of the cracks. An extensive experimental program of work has been carried out in support of design studies on mid-wall cooled gun barrels exploring a number of different configurations for construction of compound tubes and the results of numerical simulations of the assembly process have been compared with strain gauge measurements during the experimental procedure on scale tubes. Subsequent hydraulic cycling was used to determine the fatigue implications of the processing route.
Psychobiotics in mental health, neurodegenerative and neurodevelopmental disorders (2019)

Psychobiotics are a group of probiotics that affect the central nervous system (CNS) related functions and behaviors mediated by the gut-brain-axis (GBA) via immune, humoral, neural, and metabolic pathways to improve not only the gastrointestinal (GI) function but also the antidepressant and anxiolytic capacity. As a novel class of probiotics, the application of psychobiotics has led researchers to focus on a new area in neuroscience. In the past five years, some psychobiotics strains were reported to inhibit inflammation and decreased cortisol levels, resulting in an amelioration of the symptoms of anxiety and depression. Psychobiotics are efficacious in improving neurodegenerative and neurodevelopmental disorders, including autism spectrum disorder (ASD), Parkinson's disease (PD) and Alzheimer's disease (AD). Use of psychobiotics can improve GI function, ASD symptoms, motor functions of patients with PD and cognition in patients with AD. However, the evidence for the effects of psychobiotics on mental and neurological conditions/disorders remains limited. Further studies of psychobiotics are needed in order to determine into their effectiveness and mechanism as treatments for various psychiatric disorders in the future.
More Than a Feeling: Learning to Grasp and Regrasp Using Vision and Touch (2018)

For humans, the process of grasping an object relies heavily on rich tactile feedback. Most recent robotic grasping work, however, has been based only on visual input, and thus cannot easily benefit from feedback after initiating contact. In this letter, we investigate how a robot can learn to use tactile information to iteratively and efficiently adjust its grasp. To this end, we propose an end-to-end action-conditional model that learns regrasping policies from raw visuo-tactile data. This model - a deep, multimodal convolutional network - predicts the outcome of a candidate grasp adjustment, and then executes a grasp by iteratively selecting the most promising actions. Our approach requires neither calibration of the tactile sensors nor any analytical modeling of contact forces, thus reducing the engineering effort required to obtain efficient grasping policies. We train our model with data from about 6450 grasping trials on a two-finger gripper equipped with GelSight high-resolution tactile sensors on each finger. Across extensive experiments, our approach outperforms a variety of baselines at 1) estimating grasp adjustment outcomes, 2) selecting efficient grasp adjustments for quick grasping, and 3) reducing the amount of force applied at the fingers, while maintaining competitive performance. Finally, we study the choices made by our model and show that it has successfully acquired useful and interpretable grasping behaviors.
P2RY1/ALK3-Expressing Cells within the Adult Human Exocrine Pancreas Are BMP-7 Expandable and Exhibit Progenitor-like Characteristics (2018)

Treatment of human pancreatic non-endocrine tissue with Bone Morphogenetic Protein 7 (BMP-7) leads to the formation of glucose-responsive β-like cells. Here, we show that BMP-7 acts on extrainsular cells expressing PDX1 and the BMP receptor activin-like kinase 3 (ALK3/BMPR1A). In vitro lineage tracing indicates that ALK3<sup>+</sup> cell populations are multipotent. PDX1<sup>+</sup>/ALK3<sup>+</sup> cells are absent from islets but prominently represented in the major pancreatic ducts and pancreatic duct glands. We identified the purinergic receptor P2Y1 (P2RY1) as a surrogate surface marker for PDX1. Sorted P2RY1<sup>+</sup>/ALK3<sup>bright+</sup> cells form BMP-7-expandable colonies characterized by NKX6.1 and PDX1 expression. Unlike the negative fraction controls, these colonies can be differentiated into multiple pancreatic lineages upon BMP-7 withdrawal. RNA-seq further corroborates the progenitor-like nature of P2RY1<sup>+</sup>/ALK3<sup>bright+</sup> cells and their multilineage differentiation potential. Our studies confirm the existence of progenitor cells in the adult human pancreas and suggest a specific anatomical location within the ductal and glandular networks.
[Protective effect of methylprednisolone and Naloxone on pulmonary ischemia/reperfusion injury in rats]. (2008)

MP and Na inhibit apoptosis in lung I/R injury by either decreasing the activation of I Kappa B-alpha or caspase-3.MP and Na when used together in early period of lung I/R injury could exert more effective protection to lung tissue.
Implementation and application of the embedded discrete fracture model (EDFM) for reservoir simulation in fractured reservoirs (2016)

Fractured reservoirs have gained continuous attention from oil and gas industry. A huge amount of hydrocarbon are trapped in naturally fractured carbonate reservoirs. Besides, the advanced technology of multi-stage hydraulic fracturing have gained a great success in economic development of unconventional oil and gas reservoirs. Fractures add complexity into reservoir flow and significantly impact the ultimate recovery. Therefore, it is important yet challenging to accurately and effectively predict the recovery from fractured reservoirs. Conventional dual-continuum approaches, although effective in the simulation of naturally fractured reservoirs, may fail in some cases due to the highly idealized reservoir model. The unstructured-grid discrete fracture models, although flexible in representing complex fracture geometries, are restricted by the high complexity in gridding and high computational cost. An Embedded Discrete Fracture Model (EDFM) was recently developed to honor the accuracy of discrete fracture models while keeping the efficiency offered by structured gridding. By dividing the fractures into segments using matrix cell boundaries and creating non-neighboring connections (NNCs), the flow influence of fractures can be efficiently modeled through transport indices. In this work, the EDFM was implemented in UTCHEM, a chemical flooding in-house reservoir simulator developed at The University of Texas, to study complex recovery processes in fractured reservoirs. In addition, the model was applied in commercial simulators by making use of the non-intrusive property of the EDFM and the NNC functionality offered by the simulators. The accuracy of the EDFM in the modeling of orthogonal, non-orthogonal, and inclined fractures was verified against fine-grid explicit fracture simulations. Furthermore, case studies were performed to investigate the influence of hydraulic fracture orientations on primary depletion and the impact of large-scale natural fractures on water flooding processes. The influence of matrix grid size and fracture relative permeability was also studied. Finally, with modifications in NNC transmissibility calculation, the EDFM was applied to the modeling of a multi-lateral well stimulation technology. The accuracy of the modified formulations was verified through comparison with a multi-branch well method. The simulations carried out in this work confirmed the flexibility, applicability, and extensiveness of the EDFM.
Testing the uniqueness of gravitational lens mass models (2018)

The positions of images produced by the gravitational lensing of background sources provide unique insight into galaxy-lens mass distribution. However, even quad images of extended sources are not able to fully characterize the central regions of the host galaxy. Most previous work has focused either on the radial density profile of the lenses or localized substructure clumps. Here, we concentrate on the azimuthal mass asymmetries near the image circle. The motivation for considering such mass inhomogeneities is that the transition between the central stellar- and the outer dark matter-dominated regions, though well represented by a power-law density profile, is unlikely to be featureless, and encodes information about the dynamical state and assembly history of galaxies. It also happens to roughly coincide with the Einstein radius. We ask if galaxies that have mass asymmetries beyond ellipticity can be modelled with simpler lenses, i.e. can complex mass distributions masquerade as simple elliptical+shear lenses? Our preliminary study indicates that for galaxies with elliptical stellar and dark matter distributions, but with no mass asymmetry, and an extended source filling the diamond caustic, an elliptical+shear lens model can reproduce the images well, thereby hiding the potential complexity of the actual mass distribution. For galaxies with non-zero mass asymmetry, the answer depends on the size and brightness distribution of the source, and its location within the diamond caustic. In roughly half of the cases, we considered the mass asymmetries can easily evade detection.
Using Plasma Deposits to Promote Cell Population of the Porous Interior of Three‐Dimensional Poly(<scp>D,L</scp>‐Lactic Acid) Tissue‐Engineering Scaffolds (2005)

Abstract Cell adhesion and proliferation on poly( D,L ‐lactic acid) (P DL LA) tissue‐engineering scaffolds is low. This is generally regarded to be due to the surface chemistry of the P DL LA polymer, although topographic features often worsen the situation. This study reports for the first time successful deposition of a plasma polymer throughout the porous network of a three‐dimensional scaffold. This allylamine plasma deposit was used to improve cell adhesion on the P DL LA surface. X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) analysis of sectioned scaffolds was used to demonstrate the penetration of nitrogen species to the inner surfaces and to compare the virgin P DL LA scaffold and the plasma polymer coated P DL LA scaffold with plasma‐grafted allylamine. The nitrogen concentration at the exterior and interior scaffold surfaces was greater for the plasma deposits than for the grafted surfaces, and the chemical state of the incorporated surface nitrogen using the two methods was found to be different. Evaluation in vitro was carried out by studying 3T3 fibroblast attachment, morphology, and metabolic activity on the scaffolds. Cell activity and attachment was found to be greater for the plasma deposits than the plasma‐grafted P DL LA scaffolds, and both were greater than for the virgin P DL LA scaffolds. It is concluded that plasma deposition is a viable method of increasing cell attachment throughout porous P DL LA scaffolds without changing the bulk characteristics of the polymer.
Dependence between criteria and multiple criteria decision aid (1998)

In this paper, we present a model allowing to determine the weights related to interactive (correlated) criteria. This is done on the basis of the knowledge of a partial ranking over a reference set of alternatives (prototypes), a partial ranking over the set of criteria, and a partial ranking over the set of interactions between pairs of criteria.
Zirconia in dental implantology: A review (2015)

Literature search showed that some of the properties of zirconia seem to be suitable for making it an ideal dental implant, such as biocompatibility, osseointegration, favourable soft tissue response and aesthetics due to light transmission and its color. At the same time, some studies also point out its drawbacks. It was also found that most of the studies on zirconia dental implants are short-term studies and there is a need for more long-term clinical trials to prove that zirconia is worth enough to replace titanium as a biomaterial in dental implantology.
Target Gene-Specific Modulation of Myocardin Activity by GATA Transcription Factors (2004)

Myocardin is a transcriptional coactivator that regulates cardiac and smooth muscle gene expression by associating with serum response factor. We show that GATA transcription factors can either stimulate or suppress the transcriptional activity of myocardin, depending on the target gene. Modulation of myocardin activity by GATA4 is mediated by the physical interaction of myocardin with the DNA binding domain of GATA4 but does not require binding of GATA4 to DNA. Paradoxically, the transcription activation domain of GATA4 is dispensable for the stimulatory effect of GATA4 on myocardin activity but is required for repression of myocardin activity. The ability of GATA transcription factors to modulate myocardin activity provides a potential mechanism for fine tuning the expression of serum response factor target genes in a gene-specific manner.
A Review on HVDC Circuit Breakers (2014)

The increasing interest in development, operation and integration of large amount of renewable energy resources like offshore wind farms and photovoltaic generation in deserts leads to an emerging demand on development of multi-terminal high voltage direct current (MTDC) systems. Due to preformed studies, voltage source converter based HVDC (VSC-HVDC) system is the best option for realising future multi-terminal HVDC system to integrate bulk amount of energy over long distances to the AC grid. The most important drawback of VSC-HVDC systems is their need for fast HVDC circuit breakers. This paper aims at summarizing HVDC circuit breakers technologies including recent significant attempts in development of modern HVDC circuit breaker. A brief functional analysis of each technology is presented. Additionally, different technologies based on derived information from literatures are compared. Finally, recommendations for improvement of circuit breakers are presented.
Uniform doping of graphene close to the Dirac point by polymer-assisted assembly of molecular dopants (2018)

Tuning the charge carrier density of two-dimensional (2D) materials by incorporating dopants into the crystal lattice is a challenging task. An attractive alternative is the surface transfer doping by adsorption of molecules on 2D crystals, which can lead to ordered molecular arrays. However, such systems, demonstrated in ultra-high vacuum conditions (UHV), are often unstable in ambient conditions. Here we show that air-stable doping of epitaxial graphene on SiC-achieved by spin-coating deposition of 2,3,5,6-tetrafluoro-tetracyano-quino-dimethane (F4TCNQ) incorporated in poly(methyl-methacrylate)-proceeds via the spontaneous accumulation of dopants at the graphene-polymer interface and by the formation of a charge-transfer complex that yields low-disorder, charge-neutral, large-area graphene with carrier mobilities ~70 000 cm<sup>2</sup> V<sup>-1</sup> s<sup>-1</sup> at cryogenic temperatures. The assembly of dopants on 2D materials assisted by a polymer matrix, demonstrated by spin-coating wafer-scale substrates in ambient conditions, opens up a scalable technological route toward expanding the functionality of 2D materials.
A novel crystal form of pyrrolysyl-tRNA synthetase reveals the pre- and post-aminoacyl-tRNA synthesis conformational states of the adenylate and aminoacyl moieties and an asparagine residue in the catalytic site (2012)

Structures of Methanosarcina mazei pyrrolysyl-tRNA synthetase (PylRS) have been determined in a novel crystal form. The triclinic form crystals contained two PylRS dimers (four monomer molecules) in the asymmetric unit, in which the two subunits in one dimer each bind N(ℇ)-(tert-butyloxycarbonyl)-L-lysyladenylate (BocLys-AMP) and the two subunits in the other dimer each bind AMP. The BocLys-AMP molecules adopt a curved conformation and the C(α) position of BocLys-AMP protrudes from the active site. The β7-β8 hairpin structures in the four PylRS molecules represent distinct conformations of different states of the aminoacyl-tRNA synthesis reaction. Tyr384, at the tip of the β7-β8 hairpin, moves from the edge to the inside of the active-site pocket and adopts multiple conformations in each state. Furthermore, a new crystal structure of the BocLys-AMPPNP-bound form is also reported. The bound BocLys adopts an unusually bent conformation, which differs from the previously reported structure. It is suggested that the present BocLys-AMPPNP-bound, BocLys-AMP-bound and AMP-bound complexes represent the initial binding of an amino acid (or pre-aminoacyl-AMP synthesis), pre-aminoacyl-tRNA synthesis and post-aminoacyl-tRNA synthesis states, respectively. The conformational changes of Asn346 that accompany the aminoacyl-tRNA synthesis reaction have been captured by X-ray crystallographic analyses. The orientation of the Asn346 side chain, which hydrogen-bonds to the carbonyl group of the amino-acid substrate, shifts by a maximum of 85-90° around the C(β) atom.
Direct mask-free patterning of molecular organic semiconductors using organic vapor jet printing (2004)

We demonstrate the solvent-free, high-resolution direct printing of molecular organic semiconductors for use in low cost optoelectronic applications. In this method, called organic vapor jet printing, hot inert carrier gas picks up the molecular organic vapor and expands it through a microscopic nozzle, resulting in physisorption of the molecules onto a cooled substrate. Pattern resolution and printing speed are determined by the nozzle shape, nozzle-to-substrate distance, downstream pressure, and molecular mass of the carrier gas. Quantitative models are developed using a combination of scaling analysis, direct simulation Monte Carlo modeling, and printing experiments. Pattern resolutions of up to 1000dpi and local deposition rates exceeding 2300Å∕s are achieved. Pentacene channel thin film transistors are printed at a local deposition rate of 700Å∕s at both low and atmospheric pressures, resulting in a field-effect mobility of 0.25cm2∕Vs and a current on/off ratio of 7×105 for devices grown at a background pressure of 0.24Torr. The high directionality of the molecular jets and well-defined shape of the deposits enables combinatorial printing of structures and devices, while affording considerable control over film morphology. The method is also readily applicable to document printing using solvent-free inks.
Seven Direct Methods for Measuring HDL and LDL Cholesterol Compared with Ultracentrifugation Reference Measurement Procedures (2010)

Six of 8 HDL-C and 5 of 8 LDL-C direct methods met the National Cholesterol Education Program total error goals for nondiseased individuals. All the methods failed to meet these goals for diseased individuals, however, because of lack of specificity toward abnormal lipoproteins.
Anatomy of a Resource Management System for HPC Clusters (2001)

Workstation clusters are often not only used for high-throughput computing in time-sharing mode but also for running complex parallel jobs in space-sharing mode. This poses several difficulties to the resource management system, which must be able to reserve computing resources for exclusive use and also to determine an optimal process mapping for a given system topology. On the basis of our CCS software, we describe the anatomy of a modern resource management system. Like Codine, Condor, and LSF, CCS provides mechanisms for the user-friendly system access and management of clusters. But unlike them, CCS is targeted at the effective support of space-sharing parallel and even metacomputers. Among other features, CCS provides a versatile resource description facility, topology-based process mapping, pluggable schedulers, and hooks to metacomputer management.
Shock-Assisted Superficial Hexagonal-to-Cubic Phase Transition in GaN/Sapphire Interface Induced by Using Ultra-violet Laser Lift-Of Techniques (2009)

Ultra-violet (KrF excimer laser, λ = 248 nm) laser lift-of (LLO) techniques have been operated to the GaN/sapphire structure to separate GaN from the sapphire substrate. Hexagonal to cubic phase transformation induced by the ultra-violet laser lift-of (UV-LLO) has been characterized by micro-Raman spectroscopy, micro-photoluminescence, along with high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM). HRTEM indicates that UV-LLO induced phase transition takes place above the LLO interface, without phase transition under the LLO interface. The formed cubic GaN often exists as nanocrystal grains attaching on the bulk hexagonal GaN. The half-loop-cluster-like UV-LLO interface indicates that the LLO-induced shock waves has generated and played an assistant role in the decomposition of the hexagonal GaN and in the formation of cubic GaN grains at the LLO surface.
Realization of multigigabit channel equalization and crosstalk cancellation integrated circuits (2004)

In this paper, we present integrated circuit solutions that enable high-speed data transmission over legacy systems such as short reach optics and electrical backplanes. These circuits compensate for the most critical signal impairments, intersymbol interference and crosstalk. The finite impulse response (FIR) filter is the cornerstone of our architecture, and in this study we present 5- and 10-Gsym/s FIR filters in 2-/spl mu/m GaAs HBTs and 0.18-/spl mu/m CMOS, respectively. The GaAs FIR filter is used in conjunction with spectrally efficient four-level pulse-amplitude modulation to demonstrate 10-Gb/s data throughput over 150 m of 500 MHz/spl middot/km multimode fiber. The same filter is also used to demonstrate equalization and crosstalk cancellation at 5 Gb/s on legacy backplane. The crosstalk canceller improves the bit error rate by five orders of magnitude. Furthermore, our CMOS FIR filter is tested and demonstrates backplane channel equalization at 10 Gb/s. Finally, building blocks for crosstalk cancellation at 10 Gb/s are implemented in a 0.18-/spl mu/m CMOS process. These circuits will enable 10-Gb/s data rates on legacy systems.
World Intellectual Property Report 2011- The Changing Face of Innovation (2011)

WIPO’s World Intellectual Property Report 2011 focuses on the Changing Face of Innovation. It describes key trends in the innovation landscape – including the increasingly open, international and collaborative character of the innovation process; the causes of the increased demand for IP rights; and the rising importance of technology markets.