gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
β-GLUCURONIDASE MUTANTS OF THE NEMATODE <i>CAENORHABDITIS ELEGANS</i> (1986)

Using a screening procedure that is based on a histochemical stain for the enzyme beta-glucuronidase, we have isolated several mutants of the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans affected in beta-glucuronidase activity. All of the mutations fall into one complementation group and identify a new gene, gus-1, which has been mapped on the right arm of linkage group I (LG I), 1.1 map units to the left of unc-54. The mutants have no visible phenotype, and their viabilities and fertilities are unaffected. Linked revertants of two of the mutations have been isolated. They restore enzyme activity to almost wild-type levels; the beta-glucuronidase that one of the revertants produces differs from that of the wild type. We propose that gus-1 is the structural locus for beta-glucuronidase.
Overview of NTCIR-12 Lifelog Task (2016)

In this paper we review the NTCIR12-Lifelog pilot task,\nwhich ran at NTCIR-12. We outline the test collection employed, along with the tasks, the eight submissions and the\nfindings from this pilot task. We finish by suggesting future\nplans for the task.
<i>Science Translational Medicine</i> Podcast: 23 March 2011 (2011)

A conversation with Timothy Chan about a new way to predict breast cancer metastasis.
Novel IL-21 signaling pathway up-regulates c-Myc and induces apoptosis of diffuse large B-cell lymphomas (2009)

Interleukin-21 (IL-21), a member of the IL-2 cytokine family, has diverse regulatory effects on natural killer (NK), T, and B cells. In contrast to other cytokines that are usually immunostimulatory, IL-21 can induce apoptosis of murine B cells at specific activation-differentiation stages. This effect may be used for treatment of B-cell malignancies. Herein we report that diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) cell lines exhibit widespread expression of the IL-21 receptor (IL-21R) and that IL-21 stimulation leads to cell-cycle arrest and caspase-dependent apoptosis. IL-21 also induces apoptosis in de novo DLBCL primary tumors but does not affect viability of human healthy B cells. Furthermore, IL-21 promotes tumor regression and prolongs survival of mice harboring xenograft DLBCL tumors. The antilymphoma effects of this cytokine are dependent on a mechanism involving IL-21-activated signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) up-regulating expression of c-Myc. This up-regulation promotes a decrease in expression of antiapoptotic Bcl-2 and Bcl-X(L) proteins triggering cell death. Our results represent one of the first examples in which the STAT3-c-Myc signaling pathway, which can promote survival and oncogenesis, can induce apoptosis in neoplastic cells. Moreover, based on IL-21's potency in vitro and in animal models, our findings indicate that this cytokine should be examined in clinical studies of DLBCL.
Sensing in the Collaborative Internet of Things (2015)

We are entering a new era of computing technology, the era of Internet of Things (IoT). An important element for this popularization is the large use of off-the-shelf sensors. Most of those sensors will be deployed by different owners, generally common users, creating what we call the Collaborative IoT. This collaborative IoT helps to increase considerably the amount and availability of collected data for different purposes, creating new interesting opportunities, but also several challenges. For example, it is very challenging to search for and select a desired sensor or a group of sensors when there is no description about the provided sensed data or when it is imprecise. Given that, in this work we characterize the properties of the sensed data in the Internet of Things, mainly the sensed data contributed by several sources, including sensors from common users. We conclude that, in order to safely use data available in the IoT, we need a filtering process to increase the data reliability. In this direction, we propose a new simple and powerful approach that helps to select reliable sensors. We tested our method for different types of sensed data, and the results reveal the effectiveness in the correct selection of sensor data.
Baculovirus-mediated promoter assay and transcriptional analysis of white spot syndrome virus orf427 gene (2005)

Our data suggested that latency-related orf427 might not play an important role in activating virus replication from latent phase due to its late transcription during the lytic infection.
Metal-Gate, Schottky-Source/Drain SOI-MOSFET for Complementary Integration (2001)

Schottky-source/drain MOS transistors were fabricated on a highly resistive SOI (Silicon On Insulator) substrate with either chromium or nickel gate electrode. Device isolation was realized by LOCOS process with the consideration for the planarization prior to the gate patterning by lift-off. Source and drain silicidation with titanium disilicide was done adopting the self-alignment process utilizing the gate electrode as a mask, without introducing the covering film on the gate sidewall. Submicron-channel devices with the gate length as shortt as 0.1μm were fabricated with chromium and nickel gate electrodes on the same substrate and satisfactory FET characteristics were observed both for p-type operation with chromium- and nickel- gate devices and for n-type operation with the chromium-gate device. Thus, p-type and n-type devices can be complementarily integrated in the same chip only by changing the gate metal, without the need of well structure in the substrate, This is favorable for higher-density integration.
MULTI-SAMPLE CLUSTER ANALYSIS AS AN ALTERNATIVE TO MULTIPLE COMPARISON PROCEDURES (1986)

This paper studies multi-sample cluster analysis, the problem of grouping samples, as an alternative to multiple comparison procedures through the development and the introduction of modelselection criteria such as those : Akaike's Information Criterion (AIC) and its extension CAIC also known as Schwarz's Criterion (SC), as new procedures for comparing means, groups, or samples, and so forth, in identifying and selecting the homogeneous groups or samples from the heterogeneous ones in multi-sample data analysis problems. An enumerative clustering technique is presented to generate all possible choices of clustering alternatives of groups, or samples on the computer using efficient combinatorial algorithms without forcing an arbitrary choice among the clustering alternatives, and to find all sufficiently simple groups or samples consistent with the data and a parsiidentify the best clustering among the alternative clusterings. Numerical examples are carried out and presented on a real data set on grouping the samples into fewer than $ K $ groups. Through a Monte Carlo study, an application of multi-sample cluster analysis is shown in designing optimal decision tree classifiers in reducing the dimensionality of remotely sensed heterogeneous data sets to achieve a parsimonious grouping of samples. The results obtained demonstrate the utility and versatility of modelselection criteria which avoid the notorious choice of levels of significance and which are free from the ambiguities inherent in the application of conventional hypothesis testing procedures.
Study on the kinetics of homogeneous enzyme reactions in a micro/nanofluidics device (2009)

In this paper, a micro/nanofluidic preconcentration device integrated with an electrochemical detector has been used to study the enrichment of enzymes and homogeneous enzyme reaction kinetics. The enzymes are first concentrated in front of a nanochannel via an exclusion-enrichment effect (EEE) mechanism of the nanochannel integrated in a microfluidics device. If a substrate is electrokinetically transported to the concentrated enzymes, homogeneous enzymatic reaction occurs. The enzymatic reaction product can penetrate through the nanochannel to be detected electrochemically. In this device, the enriched enzymes can be well retained and repeatedly used, thus, the enzymatic reaction occurs in a continuous-flow mode. For demonstration, Glucose oxidase (GOx) was chosen as the model enzyme to study the influence of enzyme concentration on its reaction kinetics. The different concentration of GOx in front of the nanochannel was simply achieved by using different enrichment time. When substrate glucose was introduced electrokinetically, a rapid electrochemical steady-state response could be obtained. It was found that the electrochemical response to a constant glucose concentration increased with the increase of enzyme enrichment time, which is expected for homogeneous enzymatic reactions. Under proper conditions, the electrochemical responds linearly to the glucose concentration ranging from 0 to 15 mM, and the Michaelis constants (K(m)) are relatively low, which indicates a more efficient complex formation between enzyme and substrate. These results suggest that the present micro/nanofluidics device is promising for the study of enzymatic reaction kinetics and other bioassays such as cell assays, drug discovery, and clinical diagnosis.
Document reading system for the visually disabled (2003)

In this paper, we present a system for reading printed documents, which can be used by the visually disabled. Our system uses speech to transmit printed information to users. To cope with the slowness of the information transmission speed caused by the one-dimensionality of speech, the logical structure of the scanned documents is extracted and used to accelerate the access to the information. A tree-traversing command is provided for navigating through the logical tree generated by the system.
Enhanced surface passivation of predictable quantum efficient detectors by silicon nitride and silicon oxynitride/silicon nitride stack (2018)

In this paper, we investigate three different passivating films for use in predictable quantum efficient detectors: two monolayer films of SiNx with different compositions and one double-layer stack of SiNxOy capped with SiNx, all deposited on very high resistivity silicon substrates. In addition to the conventional characterization methods, we also utilize the novel method of photoluminescence imaging under applied bias (PL-V) and high voltage soaking to modulate the fixed charge density Qf in the layers. All films exhibit very good passivating properties after deposition and annealing, with the oxynitride stack providing the best passivation, resulting in an effective carrier lifetime close to 20 ms. This value is explained by a relatively high fixed charge density of Qf = 1.12 × 1012 cm−2 and low interface defect density (S0,n = 6.0 × 102 cm/s), giving a chemical passivation which is an order of magnitude better than the investigated nitrides. Both nitride films were readily charged by voltage soaking, increasing the effective carrier lifetime by about 20%. Based on the passivating properties, photodetector device simulations predict that self-induced photodiodes made with any of these passivation layers will have an internal quantum deficiency well below 1 ppm for selected wavelengths at room temperature, and all the investigated materials are thus good candidates for use as passivating layers in such photodiodes.
On-line isotope dilution and sample dilution by flow injection and inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (1990)

A systematic investigation was made to demonstrate the applicability of a flow injection system for on-line isotope dilution and on-line sample dilution, as obtained by merging the sample solution with the spike solution or with the diluent, respectively. The effect of the sample to spike ratio on the precision and accuracy was examined, and the advantages and limitations of the proposed technique are demonstrated.
The Nucleating Effect of Carbon Nanotubes on Crystallinity in R‐BAPB‐Type Thermoplastic Polyimide (2005)

Abstract Summary: The relatively high degree of crystallinity of a new thermoplastic polyimide (PI) makes it a favorable matrix candidate for fiber reinforced composites. This advantage is the result of the ability of the matrix to recrystallize during the composite manufacturing process. In this study we examine the potential nucleating effect of carbon nanotubes on a thermoplastic PI. In addition to their inherent mechanical contribution, the carbon nanotubes help recover a significant proportion of the original crystallinity. Scanning electron micrograph of the spherulitic structure of a recrystallized carbon nanotube/polyimide film. magnified image Scanning electron micrograph of the spherulitic structure of a recrystallized carbon nanotube/polyimide film.
High-capacity coherent lightwave systems (1988)

Recent theoretical work on coherent optical detection systems is reviewed and experimental results in high-speed coherent transmission are summarized. The theoretical advantages and limitations of the various modulation and detection formats are discussed and experimental progress towards the implementation of these systems is reviewed. The most significant obstacles to the attainment of quantum-noise limited detection at higher speeds are seen to be the requirement of uniform frequency response from electronic components and the local oscillator laser power requirement, which increases as the square of the bit rate. To make full use of the single-mode fiber bandwidth, frequency-division multiplexing of many moderate-rate channels is a very promising technique for local systems. For long-distance applications, frequency multiplexing is still possible but is limited by the need for optical amplifiers or wavelength-selective multiplexers.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Regulation of Product Synthesis in Cell Cultures of<i>Catharanthus roseus</i>. III. Alkaloid Metabolism in Cultured Leaf Tissue and Primary Callus<sup>1</sup> (1986)

Cultured leaf discs of Catharanthus roseus produced visible callus under a variety of cultural conditions within 10 to 15 days. A peak of respiratory activity typical of rapidly growing callus was observed after 10-20 days culture. Photosynthesis was inactivated on transferring leaf tissue into culture within 5 days. During this period the two main leaf alkaloids, catharanthine and vindoline, were rapidly metabolised and were not found in primary callus or in the original leaf tissue after 40 days culture. The alkaloids serpentine and ajmalicine accumulated in leaf tissue but predominantly in callus, during the callus induction and growth period. Serpentine was the major alkaloid accumulated in the light and ajmalicine in the dark. Maximal alkaloid accumulation was found with the production media devised by Zenk but sustained callus growth did not occur. Cultures which accumulated high levels of serpentine over repeated subcultures were derived on other media, but these cultures did not contain catharanthine or vindoline.
Deep eutectic solvents (DESs) as low-cost and green electrolytes for electrochromic devices (2017)

The application of deep eutectic solvents based on choline chloride or lithium chloride with ethylene glycol and glycerol as low-cost, recyclable and green electrolytes for electrochromic devices is reported.
Anti-Ferroelectric Ceramics for High Energy Density Capacitors (2015)

With an ever increasing dependence on electrical energy for powering modern equipment and electronics, research is focused on the development of efficient methods for the generation, storage and distribution of electrical power. In this regard, the development of suitable dielectric based solid-state capacitors will play a key role in revolutionizing modern day electronic and electrical devices. Among the popular dielectric materials, anti-ferroelectrics (AFE) display evidence of being a strong contender for future ceramic capacitors. AFE materials possess low dielectric loss, low coercive field, low remnant polarization, high energy density, high material efficiency, and fast discharge rates; all of these characteristics makes AFE materials a lucrative research direction. However, despite the evident advantages, there have only been limited attempts to develop this area. This article attempts to provide a focus to this area by presenting a timely review on the topic, on the relevant scientific advancements that have been made with respect to utilization and development of anti-ferroelectric materials for electric energy storage applications. The article begins with a general introduction discussing the need for high energy density capacitors, the present solutions being used to address this problem, and a brief discussion of various advantages of anti-ferroelectric materials for high energy storage applications. This is followed by a general description of anti-ferroelectricity and important anti-ferroelectric materials. The remainder of the paper is divided into two subsections, the first of which presents various physical routes for enhancing the energy storage density while the latter section describes chemical routes for enhanced storage density. This is followed by conclusions and future prospects and challenges which need to be addressed in this particular field.
Optimized Xenograft Protocol for Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia Results in High Engraftment Efficiency for All CLL Subgroups (2019)

Preclinical drug development for human chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) requires robust xenograft models recapitulating the entire spectrum of the disease, including all prognostic subgroups. Current CLL xenograft models are hampered by inefficient engraftment of good prognostic CLLs, overgrowth with co-transplanted T cells, and the need for allogeneic humanization or irradiation. Therefore, we aimed to establish an effective and reproducible xenograft protocol which allows engraftment of all CLL subtypes without the need of humanization or irradiation. Unmanipulated NOD.Cg-<i>Prkdc<sup>scid</sup>Il2rg<sup>tm1Sug</sup>/</i>JicTac (NOG) mice in contrast to C.Cg-<i>Rag2<sup>tm1Fwa-/-</sup>Il2rg<sup>tm1Sug</sup>/</i>JicTac (BRG) mice allowed engraftment of all tested CLL subgroups with 100% success rate, if CLL cells were fresh, injected simultaneously intra-peritoneally and intravenously, and co-transferred with low fractions of autologous T cells (2%-4%). CLL transplanted NOG mice (24 different patients) developed CLL pseudofollicles in the spleen, which increased over 4-6 weeks, and were then limited by the expanding autologous T cells. Ibrutinib treatment studies were performed to validate our model, and recapitulated treatment responses seen in patients. In conclusion, we developed an easy-to-use CLL xenograft protocol which allows reliable engraftment for all CLL subgroups without humanization or irradiation of mice. This protocol can be widely used to study CLL biology and to explore novel drug candidates.
Future prospects and challenges of vaccines against filariasis (2011)

Filarial infections remain a major public health and socio-economic problem across the tropics, despite considerable effort to reduce disease burden or regionally eliminate the infection with mass drug administration programmes. The sustainability of these programmes is now open to question owing to a range of issues, not least of which is emerging evidence for drug resistance. Vaccination, if developed appropriately, remains the most cost-effective means of long-term disease control. The rationale for the feasibility of vaccination against filarial parasites including onchocerciasis (river blindness, Onchocerca volvulus) and lymphatic filariasis (Wuchereria bancrofti or Brugia malayi) is founded on evidence from both humans and animal models for the development of protective immunity. Nonetheless, enormous challenges need to be faced in terms of overcoming parasite-induced suppression without inducing pathology as well as the need to both recognize and tackle evolutionary and ecological obstacles to successful vaccine development. Nonetheless, new technological advances in addition to systems biology approaches offer hope that optimal immune responses can be induced that will prevent infection, disease and/or transmission.
Neurofilament Heavy Polypeptide Regulates the Akt-β-Catenin Pathway in Human Esophageal Squamous Cell Carcinoma (2010)

Aerobic glycolysis and mitochondrial dysfunction are common features of aggressive cancer growth. We observed promoter methylation and loss of expression in neurofilament heavy polypeptide (NEFH) in a significant proportion of primary esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) samples that were of a high tumor grade and advanced stage. RNA interference-mediated knockdown of NEFH accelerated ESCC cell growth in culture and increased tumorigenicity in vivo, whereas forced expression of NEFH significantly inhibited cell growth and colony formation. Loss of NEFH caused up-regulation of pyruvate kinase-M2 type and down-regulation of pyruvate dehydrogenase, via activation of the Akt/beta-catenin pathway, resulting in enhanced aerobic glycolysis and mitochondrial dysfunction. The acceleration of glycolysis and mitochondrial dysfunction in NEFH-knockdown cells was suppressed in the absence of beta-catenin expression, and was decreased by the treatment of 2-Deoxyglucose, a glycolytic inhibitor, or API-2, an Akt inhibitor. Loss of NEFH activates the Akt/beta-catenin pathway and increases glycolysis and mitochondrial dysfunction. Cancer cells with methylated NEFH can be targeted for destruction with specific inhibitors of deregulated downstream pathways.
High electron mobility AlGaN/GaN heterostructure on (111) Si (2000)

Room-temperature Hall mobilities exceeding 900 cm2/V s are obtained for AlGaN/GaN heterostructures on (111) Si by single-temperature flow modulation organometallic vapor phase epitaxy. Thin pseudomorphic AlGaN top layers exhibit a 1.5 nm surface roughness and induces a two-dimensional electron gas sheet carrier concentration of 1.0×1013 cm−2. The GaN buffer layer has a background carrier concentration of 1.0×1015 cm−3, 130 arcsec x-ray diffraction full width at half maximum, and a low-temperature photoluminescence linewidth of 10 meV. An AlN nucleation layer provides static electrical isolation between the AlGaN/GaN and the conducting Si substrate. Large crack-free areas of high-crystalline-quality epitaxial material are obtained and have been successfully used for transistor fabrication.
Defense factors in human milk (1994)

The newborn infant is more susceptible to infections than older children or adults. This is because all three lines of defense against microbial invasion, ie, barrier functions, innate immunity, and specific immunity, are to a greater or lesser extent immature at birth. Nature's response to the immaturity of the infant's immune system is to provide ready-made defense factors from the mother. This is achieved first by the transplacental passage of IgG antibodies, and later via the breast milk. Breastfeeding has been shown to decrease morbidity in gastroenteritis, septicemia, otitis media, urinary tract infection, and necrotizing enterocolitis. Breast milk contains a wide variety of defense factors, ie, immunoglobulins, leukocytes, hormones, cytokines, and complex oligosaccharides in free form or bound to macromolecules. These factors are reviewed and their potential protective effects in the abovementioned clinical states are discussed.