gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Optimizing Dewatering of Biosolids from Autothermal Thermophilic Aerobic Digesters (ATAD) Using Inorganic Conditioners (2000)

Biosolids obtained through the autothermal thermophilic aerobic digestion (ATAD) process exhibit greater polymer demand for dewatering than those obtained through conventional mesophilic aerobic digestion processes. An increase in ATAD retention time and operating temperature resulted in an increase in proteins and polysaccharides in solution, and this resulted in a corresponding increase in cationic polymer demand and an increase in dewatered cake filtrate chemical oxygen demand (COD). Alternative chemical conditioners were used to minimize polymer consumption. Coagulation of solution phase biological polymers (proteins and polysaccharides) using ferric chloride or alum was extremely effective in reducing cationic polymer conditioning demand and dewatered cake filtrate COD. Ferric chloride and alum in laboratory experiments were also able to precipitate and remove phosphate, thus preventing its recycle to the influent of the plant.
Novel Nuclear Factor-KappaB Targeting Peptide Suppresses β-Amyloid Induced Inflammatory and Apoptotic Responses in Neuronal Cells (2016)

In the central nervous system (CNS), activation of the transcription factor nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κβ) is associated with both neuronal survival and increased vulnerability to apoptosis. The mechanisms underlying these dichotomous effects are attributed to the composition of NF-κΒ dimers. In Alzheimer’s disease (AD), β-amyloid (Aβ) and other aggregates upregulate activation of p65:p50 dimers in CNS cells and enhance transactivation of pathological mediators that cause neuroinflammation and neurodegeneration. Hence selective targeting of activated p65 is an attractive therapeutic strategy for AD. Here we report the design, structural and functional characterization of peptide analogs of a p65 interacting protein, the glucocorticoid induced leucine zipper (GILZ). By virtue of binding the transactivation domain of p65 exposed after release from the inhibitory IκΒ proteins in activated cells, the GILZ analogs can act as highly selective inhibitors of activated p65 with minimal potential for off-target effects.
Diodes formed by laser drilling and diffusion (1982)

Novel three-dimensional diode arrays have been produced in semiconductor wafers by a two-step process involving laser drilling and solid state diffusion. Holes are first produced through the wafer by laser drilling. Under suitable conditions, little or no damage to the wafer results from laser drilling. Then cylindrical p-n junctions around the laser-drilled holes are formed by diffusing an impurity into the wafer from a source in contact with the walls of the laser-drilled holes. Three applications of drilled diodes are discussed: microchannel interconnections through wafers, isolation grids, and radiation imagers.
The stage‐specific in vitro efficacy of a malaria antigen cocktail provides valuable insights into the development of effective multi‐stage vaccines (2015)

Multicomponent vaccines targeting different stages of Plasmodium falciparum represent a promising, holistic concept towards better malaria vaccines. Additionally, an effective vaccine candidate should demonstrate cross-strain specificity because many antigens are polymorphic, which can reduce vaccine efficacy. A cocktail of recombinant fusion proteins (VAMAX-Mix) featuring three diversity-covering variants of the blood-stage antigen PfAMA1, each combined with the conserved sexual-stage antigen Pfs25 and one of the pre-erythrocytic-stage antigens PfCSP_TSR or PfCelTOS, or the additional blood-stage antigen PfMSP1_19, was produced in Pichia pastoris and used to immunize rabbits. The immune sera and purified IgG were used to perform various assays determining antigen specific titers and in vitro efficacy against different parasite stages and strains. In functional in vitro assays we observed robust inhibition of blood-stage (up to 90%), and sexual-stage parasites (up to 100%) and biased inhibition of pre-erythrocytic parasites (0-40%). Cross-strain blood-stage efficacy was observed in erythrocyte invasion assays using four different P. falciparum strains. The quantification of antigen-specific IgGs allowed the determination of specific IC50 values. The significant difference in antigen-specific IC50 requirements, the direct correlation between antigen-specific IgG and the relative quantitative representation of antigens within the cocktail, provide valuable implementations for future multi-stage, multi-component vaccine designs.
Detection of chimeric transcripts in desmoplastic small round cell tumor and related developmental tumors by reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction. A specific diagnostic assay. (1995)

Desmoplastic small round cell tumor is a recently described entity associated with fusion of the EWS and WT1 genes and with expression of a chimeric transcript. To investigate the structure and potential diagnostic utility of the detection of EWS-WT1 chimeric RNA in desmoplastic small round cell tumor, 12 examples of this entity and 49 other tumors that enter in its differential diagnosis were studied by reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction for the presence of EWS-WT1, EWS-FLI-1, PAX3-FKHR, and PAX7-FKHR chimeric transcripts. EWS-WT1 was detected in 11 of 12 desmoplastic small round cell tumors but not in any other tumor type studied, including 17 Wilms' tumors, 10 Ewing's sarcomas/primitive neuroectodermal tumors, 13 alveolar rhabdomyosarcomas, and 9 embryonal rhabdomyosarcomas. One desmoplastic small round cell tumor was found to have a variant EWS-WT1 chimeric product that included exon 8 of EWS EWS-FLI-1 chimeric RNA was present in all Ewing's sarcoma/primitive neuroectodermal tumor and not identified in any other tumor types, including desmoplastic small round cell tumor. PAX3/PAX7-FKHR chimeras were present in 9 of 13 alveolar rhabdomyosarcomas but not in any other tumors. Detection of chimeric transcripts by reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction is a very specific aid in differential diagnosis of developmental tumors and further establishes desmoplastic small round cell tumor as a distinct entity.
Pyrazolo[3,4-d]pyrimidine ribonucleosides as anticoccidials. 2. Synthesis and activity of some nucleosides of 4-(alkylamino)-1H-pyrazolo[3,4-d]pyrimidines (1982)

A series of 4-(alkylamino)-1-beta-D-ribofuranosyl-1H-pyrazolo[3, 4-d]pyrimidines was synthesized by enzymatic and chemical methods. On the basis of the previous finding that 4-(alkylthio)-1-beta-D-ribofuranosyl-1H-pyrazolo[3,4-d]pyrimidines were effective anticoccidial agents, this series was examined for efficacy against Eimera tenella in chicks. The most active anticoccidial agent in the present study was the 4-cyclopentylamino derivative (8), which cleared chicks of the parasite at 200 ppm in the diet. Some members of this series were toxic to embryonic chick liver cells, mouse cells, and human cells in vitro. The 4-diethylamino derivative (16), which was not toxic in vitro, appeared to be toxic in chicks.
Rapid Antibiotic Susceptibility Testing Based on Bacterial Motion Patterns With Long Short- Term Memory Neural Networks (2020)

Antibiotic resistance is an increasing public health threat. To combat it, a fast method to determine the antibiotic susceptibility of infecting pathogens is required. Here we present an optical imaging-based method to track the motion of single bacterial cells and generate a model to classify active and inactive cells based on the motion patterns of the individual cells. The model includes an image-processing algorithm to segment individual bacterial cells and track the motion of the cells over time, and a deep learning algorithm (Long Short-Term Memory network) to learn and determine if a bacterial cell is active or inactive. By applying the model to human urine specimens spiked with an Escherichia coli lab strain, we show that the method can accurately perform antibiotic susceptibility testing as fast as 30 minutes for five commonly used antibiotics.
12 Pushing the Limits of Solid-Phase Peptide Synthesis with Continuous Flow (2018)

Abstract Since its invention by Bruce Merrifield, solid-phase peptide synthesis has conventionally been performed in batch reactors. With systems created by Atherton, Dryland, and Sheppard in the 1980s, flow-chemistry techniques began to be applied to enhance solid-phase peptide synthesis, improving mixing and enabling time-resolved monitoring of Fmoc removal. Here, we review the history of flow-chemical techniques for solid-phase peptide synthesis, advances in solid supports that make flow chemistry on the solid phase feasible, the rationale behind using flow chemistry for amino acid activation, and other techniques for synthesizing peptides in flow, including the use of solid-supported coupling reagents and soluble macromolecular supports. Advantages of flow-chemistry techniques for both solid- and liquid-phase peptide synthesis include precise control of reagent heating and chiral integrity of incorporated amino acids, improvements in amino acid coupling times, and in-process detection of problematic peptide sequences.
Investigation of the Piezoelectric Effect as a Means to Generate X-Rays (2012)

The piezoelectric effect is analyzed as a means to produce X-rays. A mass of crystalline piezoelectric material is used to convert a low-voltage input electrical signal into a high-voltage output signal by storing energy in a longitudinally vibrating mechanical wave. Output energy is extracted in the form of a high-voltage electron beam using a field-emission diode mounted on the surface of the crystal. The electron beam produces X-rays via bremsstrahlung interactions with a metallic surface.
Chemical Vapor Deposition of Copper Thin Films Using New Organometallic Precursors with Alkoxysilylolefin Ligands (1997)

Two new organometallic precursors (hfac)Cu(L), where hfac = hexafluoroacetylacetonate, (I): L = dimethoxymethylvinylsilane (dmomvs), and (II): L = triethoxyvinylsilane (teovs), for chemical vapor deposition of copper thin films were developed These copper (+1) precursors containing alkoxysilylolefin ligands are more thermally stable than the previously known (hfac)Cu(tmvs), where tmvs represents trimethylvinylsilane. At the deposition temperature of 195°C, the resulting copper films had a resistivity of 2.0 μΩ cm using precursor I in the presence of water, and using precursor II without water additive. The thickness of the films ranged from 4400 to 8000 Å with deposition times of 8 to 10 min.
Non Stationary Plurigaussian Simulations with Auto-adaptative Truncation Diagrams Using the CART Algorithm (2017)

Summary Pluri-Gaussian Simulation is now widely used for simulating facies properties. One of its advantages is to be able to reproduce transitions between lithotypes in the geological domain by the mean of a truncation diagram or lithotype rule. However, simulating in a context of non-stationary lithotypes proportions remains difficult because most implementations lack a coherent and automatic algorithm to modify the truncation diagram so that it matches the local proportions. The proposed method aims at proposing a solution to this limitation. An adapted version of the CART algorithm is used to build the truncation diagram from (measured) geological properties. This method allows to design potentially complex truncation diagrams. The same algorithm is also used during the simulations to automatically adapt the truncation diagram to the local proportions. The algorithm is shown to be very efficient and to deliver simulation results that are ensuring the reproduction of the proportion trend maps while producing lithotype maps that coherent with respect to the expected contacts.
Synthesis of Novel Hydrophilic and Hydrophobic Multifunctional Acrylic Monomers (1993)

A unique formaldehyde/acrylate insertion-condensation reaction can be used to form novel difunctional and multifunctional hydrophilic and hydrophobic monomers and oligomers. Hydrophilic polyethylene glycol diacrylates, formed more viscous, water soluble oligomeric products without the need for a solvent. Because of the predominant 1,6-arrangement of double bonds in these oligomers, they have a propensity to undergo cyclopolymerization as well as the usual crosslinking associated with the free radical polymerization of multifunctional monomers and oligomers. However, the synthesis of analogous hydrophobic difunctional monomers and multifunctional oligomers derived from highly fluorinated and siloxane-containing acrylic monomers required the use of a dipolar aprotic solvent such as dimethyl sulfoxide. The siloxane oligomers had the expected predominance of 1,6-diene structure. In contrast, the fluorinated difunctional monomers and multifunctional oligomers were characterized by a predominantly 1,4-diene structure. These novel oligomeric monomers have potential utility in a wide spectrum of dental and medical applications.
A Novel Class of Gibberellin 2-Oxidases Control Semidwarfism, Tillering, and Root Development in Rice (2008)

Gibberellin 2-oxidases (GA2oxs) regulate plant growth by inactivating endogenous bioactive gibberellins (GAs). Two classes of GA2oxs inactivate GAs through 2beta-hydroxylation: a larger class of C(19) GA2oxs and a smaller class of C(20) GA2oxs. In this study, we show that members of the rice (Oryza sativa) GA2ox family are differentially regulated and act in concert or individually to control GA levels during flowering, tillering, and seed germination. Using mutant and transgenic analysis, C(20) GA2oxs were shown to play pleiotropic roles regulating rice growth and architecture. In particular, rice overexpressing these GA2oxs exhibited early and increased tillering and adventitious root growth. GA negatively regulated expression of two transcription factors, O. sativa homeobox 1 and TEOSINTE BRANCHED1, which control meristem initiation and axillary bud outgrowth, respectively, and that in turn inhibited tillering. One of three conserved motifs unique to the C(20) GA2oxs (motif III) was found to be important for activity of these GA2oxs. Moreover, C(20) GA2oxs were found to cause less severe GA-defective phenotypes than C(19) GA2oxs. Our studies demonstrate that improvements in plant architecture, such as semidwarfism, increased root systems and higher tiller numbers, could be induced by overexpression of wild-type or modified C(20) GA2oxs.
Improved field‐mapping and artifact correction in multispectral imaging (2017)

The proposed methods not only enable field-mapping with reduced noise sensitivity but are able to create deblurred images with less distortion and better signal-to-noise ratio with no additional scan time, thereby enabling improved visualization of underlying anatomy near metallic implants. Magn Reson Med 78:2022-2034, 2017. © 2017 International Society for Magnetic Resonance in Medicine.
Broadband single polarization optical fiber (1990)

Single-mode, single polarization (SP), optical fibers of the W-tunneling type have been previously reported.1 Unfortunately, the width of the SP band has been small, 5%, making mass production uneconomical. We report a similar fiber with a much larger SP width, 13%. Our explanation for this improvement points to a class of broadband polarizer.
Super-Ring Resonators: Taking Advantage of Resonance Variability (2012)

We show that 20 microresonators collectively behave as a single resonance and are controllable with a single voltage signal, thereby exploiting the inherent variability of microresonators enabling multi-ring Balanced SCISSOR devices with two drive signals.
Site-specific Gene Insertion Mediated by a Cre-loxP-carrying Lentiviral Vector (2010)

Retroviral vectors have been used to treat patients with the X-linked severe combined immunodeficiency disease and chronic granulomatous disease. In both cases, success has been undermined by clonal expansion of transduced cells in some patients due to insertional mutagenesis induced by random vector integration. This outcome underscores the importance of designing vectors for site-specific gene insertion to avoid unanticipated gene disruption or gene activation. In the present study, we incorporated the sequence-specific Cre protein into lentiviral virions. We demonstrated that the virion-associated Cre protein remained enzymatically active and was capable of directing site-specific insertion of a gene in the vector into a defined loxP site in the host genome. As there are loxP-like sequences throughout human genome that can be recognized by either wild-type Cre or Cre variants, our study demonstrates a new strategy of designing lentiviral-based vector for gene targeting.
Scheme of computed tomography (2007)

Since Katsevich's work on cone-beam CT in 2002, a series of new reconstruction formulae for cone-beam and fan-beam reconstruction have been published. To understand these new results in a unified way, two schemes were proposed in the literature: one is based on the Radon formula, while the other on the Tuy formula. In the paper, we present a general two-step scheme for parallel-, fan- and cone-beam CT based on the inverse Fourier transform. We first derive parallel-beam formulae and then translate them to the divergent-beam case via a standardized method. This complete framework not only provides a single mechanism for the deduction of most existing CT formulae but also generates new algorithms. Meanwhile, along the development of this new framework some minor flaws are identified and fixed in publications. Additionally, the traditional assumption that an object be compactly supported inside a scanning trajectory is no longer needed.
Integrating Local Neighborhood Congestion and Path Stability into QoS Routing for Tactical Networks (2007)

Routing protocols for wireless Mobile Ad Hoc Networks (MANETs) have been explored extensively in recent years. However, most of the work thus far has focused on finding a feasible route from a source to a destination in a timely and efficient manner without considering the impact on the transport performance of existing application traffic or the newly added flows. As a result, parts of the network become saturated with no means of adaptively compensating for or routing traffic around the overloaded areas, thereby lowering network efficiency. While this limitation may be acceptable for best-effort or delay-tolerant data transfers, real-time applications often require a certain level of Quality-of-Service (QoS) from the network. A comprehensive QoS-enabled MANET solution benefits from a QoS-aware routing scheme that considers the application's transport requirements and the data transport conditions of available paths. We propose a distributed multi-path QoS-aware routing scheme that leverages common MANET characteristics (e.g., neighborhood congestion and path stability) to meet the transport service requirements of real-time applications. The QoS routing scheme implements a method of superimposing distributed neighborhood congestion, neighborhood density, link stability and delay information over multiple discovered paths when calculating the next hop decision. In addition, the solution increases overall network capacity by using otherwise idle network resources. In this paper, we discuss multi-path discovery, the associated QoS metric calculations, and the QoS-aware path selection process.
Pilot Production and Properties of ALUHAB Aluminium Foams (2014)

ALUHAB is a new type of aluminium foams with controlled, homogeneous cell sizes which has a wide range of alloy compositions, and attractive mechanical properties. The technology results in extremely stable metal foams which can be cast into complex forms and re-melted without loss of foam integrity. ALUHAB aluminium foams are manufactured from aluminium alloy containing ultrafine particles (typically below 3 μm). Special high temperature admixing technology is used in order to homogeneously disperse the particles and thus create a stable, foamable aluminium melt. Our unique loud-nozzle technology permits the injection of bubbles with optimal size which can vary between 0.5 mm and 5 mm. CT imaging, different analytical techniques and mechanical tests were used to characterize the influence of the alloy composition and the cell structure on the compression properties. Our recent pilot plant technology is capable to produce 100 kg/day aluminium foam block of maximum 200 mm width and the thickness can be varied from 20 mm to 50 mm.
Dual-core photonic crystal fibre (2003)

Summary form only given. In order to study the coupling between guided modes in multicore photonic crystal fibers (PCF) and to verify the predictions of the effective index model for PCF we have fabricated a photonic crystal fiber with two closely coupled cores. We investigated the coupling between the guided modes in these fibers using tunable single-frequency diode laser light, focused onto just one core at the input face. We then monitored the intensity of the light in each of the cores at the output face of the fiber, as the wavelength of the diode laser was scanned.
<title>Cylindrical holographic radar camera</title> (1998)

A novel personnel surveillance system has been developed to rapidly obtain 360 degree, full-body images of humans for the detection and identification of concealed threats. Detectable threats include weapons fabricated with metal, plastic, and ceramic, as well as explosive solids and liquids. This new system uses a cylindrical mechanical scanner to move a seven-foot, 384 element, Ka band (26 - 30 GHz) array circumferentially around a person in four to seven seconds. Low power millimeter-waves, which are nonionizing and not harmful to humans, are employed because they readily penetrate clothing barriers and reflect from concealed threats. The reflected waves provide information that is reconstructed into 3-D cylindrical holographic images with high-speed, digital signal processing (DSP) boards. This system is capable of displaying in an animation format eight, sixteen, thirty-two or sixty-four image frames at various aspect angles around the person under surveillance. This new prototype surveillance system is operational and is presently under laboratory testing and evaluation.
Near‐IR Light‐Mediated Cleavage of Antibody–Drug Conjugates Using Cyanine Photocages (2015)

Despite significant progress in the clinical application of antibody drug conjugates (ADCs), novel cleavage strategies that provide improved selectivity are still needed. Herein is reported the first approach that uses near-IR light to cleave a small molecule from a biomacromolecule, and its application to the problem of ADC linkage. The preparation of cyanine antibody conjugates, drug cleavage mediated by 690 nm light, and initial in vitro and in vivo evaluation is described. These studies provide the critical chemical underpinning from which to develop this near-IR light cleavable linker strategy.
BIM-based Building Performance Monitor (2010)

This video presents a set of visualization techniques for displaying real-time building behavior and usage, for the purposes of energy minimization, in the context of a semantically-rich building information model. Ambient occlusion shading is used to visualize the 3D space of the building, over which other visualizations may be layered. Specifically, occupancy, power usage, heat sources, air flow, and temperature are presented, as well as aggregated data sets such as “activity”. 1. OVERVIEW Real-time building performance monitors, that visualize information collected from sensors distributed throughout a building, typically show the raw data values as simple text labels on 2D floor plans. This video shows how the same
A Randomized, Double-Blind, Multicenter, Noninferiority Study Comparing Paliperidone Palmitate 6-Month Versus the 3-Month Long-Acting Injectable in Patients With Schizophrenia (2021)

Clinical Trials.gov identifier: NCT03345342.