gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Organizational Intrusion: Organization Mining Using Socialbots (2012)

In the recent years we have seen a significant growth in the usage of online social networks. Common networks like Facebook, Twitter, Pinterest, and Linked In have become popular all over the world. In these networks users write, share, and publish personal information about themselves, their friends, and their workplace. In this study we present a method for the mining of information of an organization through the use of social networks and social bots. Our social bots sent friend requests to Facebook users who work in a targeted organization. Upon accepting a socialbot's friend request, users unknowingly expose information about themselves and about their workplace. We tested the proposed method on two real organizations and successfully infiltrated both. Compared to our previous study, our method was able to discover up to 13.55% more employees and up to 18.29% more informal organizational links. Our results demonstrate once again that organizations which are interested in protecting themselves should instruct their employees not to disclose information in social networks and to be cautious of accepting friendship requests from unknown persons.
Functional Organotrimethoxysilane Derivative with Strong Intermolecular π−π Interaction:  One-Pot Grafting Reaction on Oxidized Silicon Substrates (2006)

Although the fabrication of self-assembled monolayers (SAMs) on an oxidized silicon substrate with special functionality is an important topic for various applications, it is still very difficult to obtain a densely grafted monolayer. With a newly synthesized organotrimethoxysilane containing a 1-cyano-1,2-bisbiphenyl-ethylene (CNMBE) moiety which provides a strong pi-pi intermolecular interaction, an SAM of well-ordered structure is readily obtained by a one-pot grafting reaction under mild conditions. The aggregation process of the CNMBE moiety, which induced a close packing of organosilane on the substrate, was visually monitored by the fluorescence of the monolayer grafted on quartz.
A time-resolved proteomic and prognostic map of COVID-19 (2021)

COVID-19 is highly variable in its clinical presentation, ranging from asymptomatic infection to severe organ damage and death. We characterized the time-dependent progression of the disease in 139 COVID-19 inpatients by measuring 86 accredited diagnostic parameters, such as blood cell counts and enzyme activities, as well as untargeted plasma proteomes at 687 sampling points. We report an initial spike in a systemic inflammatory response, which is gradually alleviated and followed by a protein signature indicative of tissue repair, metabolic reconstitution, and immunomodulation. We identify prognostic marker signatures for devising risk-adapted treatment strategies and use machine learning to classify therapeutic needs. We show that the machine learning models based on the proteome are transferable to an independent cohort. Our study presents a map linking routinely used clinical diagnostic parameters to plasma proteomes and their dynamics in an infectious disease.
Metasurface eyepiece for augmented reality (2018)

Recently, metasurfaces composed of artificially fabricated subwavelength structures have shown remarkable potential for the manipulation of light with unprecedented functionality. Here, we first demonstrate a metasurface application to realize a compact near-eye display system for augmented reality with a wide field of view. A key component is a see-through metalens with an anisotropic response, a high numerical aperture with a large aperture, and broadband characteristics. By virtue of these high-performance features, the metalens can overcome the existing bottleneck imposed by the narrow field of view and bulkiness of current systems, which hinders their usability and further development. Experimental demonstrations with a nanoimprinted large-area see-through metalens are reported, showing full-color imaging with a wide field of view and feasibility of mass production. This work on novel metasurface applications shows great potential for the development of optical display systems for future consumer electronics and computer vision applications.
Involvement of arginine-specific cysteine proteinase (Arg-gingipain) in fimbriation of Porphyromonas gingivalis (1996)

Arginine-specific cysteine proteinase (Arg-gingipain [RGP], a major proteinase secreted from the oral anaerobic bacterium Porphyromonas gingivalis, is encoded by two separate genes (rgpA and rgpB) on the P. gingivalis chromosome and widely implicated as an important virulence factor in the pathogenesis of periodontal disease (K. Nakayama, T. Kadowaki, K. Okamoto, and K. Yamamoto, J. Biol. Chem. 270:23619-23626, 1995). In this study, we investigated the role of RGP in the formation of P. gingivalis fimbriae which are thought to mediate adhesion of the organism to the oral surface by use of the rgp mutants. Electron microscopic observation revealed that the rgpA rgpB double (RGP-null) mutant possessed very few fimbriae on the cell surface, whereas the number of fimbriae of the rgpA or rgpB mutant was similar to that of the wild-type parent strain. The rgpB+ revertants that were isolated from the double mutant and recovered 20 to 40% of RGP activity of the wild-type parent possessed as many fimbriae as the wild-type parent, indicating that RGP significantly contributes to the fimbriation of P. gingivalis as well as to the degradation of various host proteins, disturbance of host defense mechanisms, and hemagglutination. Immunoblot analysis of cell extracts of these mutants with antifimbrilin antiserum revealed that the rgpA rgpB double mutant produced small amounts of two immunoreactive proteins with molecular masses of 45 and 43 kDa, corresponding to those of the precursor and mature forms of fimbrilin, respectively. The result suggests that RGP may function as a processing proteinase for fimbrilin maturation. In addition, a precursor form of the 75-kDa protein, one of the major outer membrane proteins of P. gingivalis, was accumulated in the rgpA rgpB double mutant but not in the single mutants and the revertants, suggesting an extensive role for RGP in the maturation of some of the cell surface proteins.
Selecting a high-power fiber-optic laser beam delivery system (1996)

Multimode optical fibers enable efficient flexible laser beam delivery but at a loss in the quality of the delivered beam. The fiber-optic beam delivery system effectiveness is strengthened by the optimal selection of its components not only for minimizing beam quality degradation but also for robustness. Smaller fibers tend to produce less degradation to beam quality but the minimum usable fiber size is limited by the quality of the laser beam, focusing optic and the numerical aperture of the fiber. Selection of the appropriate fiber type is an important consideration because the characteristics of the output beam enhance or degrade the utility of the fiber-optic-delivered beam for different applications.The other components of the beam delivery system also impact performance. High-power handling requires high-quality fiber end-face finish and special connectors that can withstand back-reflections. Recent developments in optical materials allow the manufacture of very low aberration optics that are particularly useful for short focal length lenses in output optics.Harnessing the power of a high-power laser requires that knowledgeable and prudent choices be made when selecting the laser and its beam delivery system. We will focus on issues relevant to understanding and specifying a fiber-optic beam delivery system and provide some guidelines for specifying a system. Data obtained with high power Nd: Y AG lasers will be used as illustrative examples.
Development of a Hybrid Manufacturing Cell; Integration of Additive Manufacturing with CNC Machining (2011)

The application of Additive Manufacturing (AM) for production of injection molding tools and tooling inserts enables significant improvements in regards to, for example, product quality and cycle times. However, the AM based production of tools and inserts is most often far from being rapid and the inserts are usually considerably more expensive than conventionally produced. A combination of AM with CNC milling in a hybrid process route allows for the application of each process to the production of the section of the product geometry for which it is most advantageous. However, this approach also multiplies the number of process steps and therefore also the limiting factors and possible causes of failure. This paper describes the development of a Hybrid Manufacturing cell by integration of AM with conventional CNC milling in a robust, streamlined production sequence.
Safety and Efficacy of Everolimus With Exemestane vs. Exemestane Alone in Elderly Patients With HER2-Negative, Hormone Receptor–Positive Breast Cancer in BOLERO-2 (2013)

Adding EVE to EXE offers substantially improved PFS over EXE and was generally well tolerated in elderly patients with HR(+) advanced breast cancer. Careful monitoring and appropriate dose reductions or interruptions for AE management are recommended during treatment with EVE in this patient population.
A Wide-Swing Low-Noise Transconductance Amplifier and the Enabling of Large-Signal Handling Direct-Conversion Receivers (2011)

In this paper, the design of a wide-swing low-noise transconductance amplifier (LNTA) is presented in the context of passive mixer-based direct-conversion RF receivers, noting that the compression performance of such systems is limited by the initial voltage-to-current conversion. The proposed LNTA utilizes a stacked PMOS/NMOS common-gate configuration with its input common-mode voltage maintained by a class-AB operational transconductance amplifier (OTA). Linearization mechanisms and design procedures are explained both quantitatively and intuitively. Simulations of the LNTA at the typical corner, when ideally loaded, show an IIP3 of <formula formulatype="inline" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"><tex Notation="TeX">$+{\hbox {32.8}}~{\hbox {dBm}}$</tex></formula> extrapolated at a <formula formulatype="inline" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"><tex Notation="TeX">$+{\hbox {12.5}}~{\hbox {dBm}}$</tex></formula> / <formula formulatype="inline" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> <tex Notation="TeX">$-{\hbox {16.5}}~{\hbox {dBm}}$</tex></formula> CW blocking condition and an out-of-band 1-dB desensitization point of <formula formulatype="inline" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> <tex Notation="TeX">$+{\hbox {22}}~{\hbox {dBm}}$</tex></formula> . These results are also shown to qualitatively agree with those extracted from an analytical model of the LNTA.
A new wide dynamic range CMOS pulse-frequency-modulation digital image sensor with in-pixel variable reference voltage (2008)

This paper proposes a new pulse-frequency-modulation (PFM) digital pixel sensor (DPS) with an in-pixel variable reference voltage generator to increase the resolution of the pixel, especially when the level of illumination is low. The proposed PFM DPS offers the attractive characteristics of a reduced integration time when the level of illumination is low, reduced complexity of routing and silicon cost, and comparable fill factor as that of conventional PFM DPS, however, with a significantly improved dynamic range. The proposed digital image sensor is implemented in TSMC-0.18 mum 1.8 V CMOS technology and validated using Spectre with BSIM3V3 device models. Simulation results demonstrate that the PFM digital pixel has a dynamic range of 150 dB when integration time is set to 60 mus, approximately 70 dB more than the conventional PFM digital pixel sensors.
STELLAR: A Generic EM Side-Channel Attack Protection through Ground-Up Root-cause Analysis (2019)

The threat of side-channels is becoming increasingly prominent for resource-constrained internet-connected devices. While numerous power side-channel countermeasures have been proposed, a promising approach to protect the non-invasive electromagnetic side-channel attacks has been relatively scarce. Today's availability of high-resolution electromagnetic (EM) probes mandates the need for a low-overhead solution to protect EM side-channel analysis (SCA) attacks. This work, for the first time, performs a white-box analysis to root-cause the origin of the EM leakage from an integrated circuit. System-level EM simulations with Intel 32 nm CMOS technology interconnect stack, as an example, reveals that the EM leakage from metals above layer 8 can be detected by an external non-invasive attacker with the commercially available state-of-the-art EM probes. Equipped with this `white-box' understanding, this work proposes STELLAR: Signature aTtenuation Embedded CRYPTO with Low-Level metAl Routing, which is a two-stage solution to eliminate the critical signal radiation from the higher-level metal layers. Firstly, we propose routing the entire cryptographic core within the local lower-level metal layers, whose leakage cannot be picked up by an external attacker. Then, the entire crypto IP is embedded within a Signature Attenuation Hardware (SAH) which in turn suppresses the critical encryption signature before it routes the current signature to the highly radiating top-level metal layers. System-level implementation of the STELLAR hardware with local lower-level metal routing in TSMC 65 nm CMOS technology, with an AES-128 encryption engine (as an example cryptographic block) operating at 40 MHz, shows that the system remains secure against EM SCA attack even after 1M encryptions, with 67% energy efficiency and 1.23× area overhead compared to the unprotected AES.
Stable learning of functional maps in self-organizing spiking neural networks with continuous synaptic plasticity (2013)

This study describes a spiking model that self-organizes for stable formation and maintenance of orientation and ocular dominance maps in the visual cortex (V1). This self-organization process simulates three development phases: an early experience-independent phase, a late experience-independent phase and a subsequent refinement phase during which experience acts to shape the map properties. The ocular dominance maps that emerge accommodate the two sets of monocular inputs that arise from the lateral geniculate nucleus (LGN) to layer 4 of V1. The orientation selectivity maps that emerge feature well-developed iso-orientation domains and fractures. During the last two phases of development the orientation preferences at some locations appear to rotate continuously through ±180° along circular paths and referred to as pinwheel-like patterns but without any corresponding point discontinuities in the orientation gradient maps. The formation of these functional maps is driven by balanced excitatory and inhibitory currents that are established via synaptic plasticity based on spike timing for both excitatory and inhibitory synapses. The stability and maintenance of the formed maps with continuous synaptic plasticity is enabled by homeostasis caused by inhibitory plasticity. However, a prolonged exposure to repeated stimuli does alter the formed maps over time due to plasticity. The results from this study suggest that continuous synaptic plasticity in both excitatory neurons and interneurons could play a critical role in the formation, stability, and maintenance of functional maps in the cortex.
Novel Use of a Vascular Plug to Anchor an Azygous Vein ICD Lead (2009)

We describe the case of a young patient with severe hypertrophic cardiomyopathy and marginal defibrillation thresholds (DFTs) at implant of a standard transvenous implantable cardioverter-defibrillator (ICD) system. The patient subsequently experienced multiple failed ICD shocks during a prolonged episode of spontaneous ventricular tachycardia/fibrillation. Placement of a second single-coil shocking lead in the azygous vein resulted in acceptable DFTs, but the new lead migrated superiorly within hours of the procedure. To stabilize the lead position, a vascular plug was placed in the distal azygous vein, and the shocking lead screw was actively fixated to the meshwork of the device. Subsequent testing confirmed both adequate defibrillation and stable lead position.
Regulation of Long-Term Potentiation by H-Ras through NMDA Receptor Phosphorylation (2000)

The proto-oncogene ras plays a critical role in cell proliferation and differentiation. However, ras genes are abundantly expressed in the adult CNS, although neuronal cells normally do not proliferate. Recently, several lines of evidence implicated the involvement of Ras signaling pathway in synaptic plasticity. To explore the role of the Ras proteins in the CNS, we generated knock-out mice lacking the H-ras gene and then used them to study the roles of Ras in synaptic transmission and plasticity. An investigation of protein phosphorylation and synaptic transmission in H-ras null mutant mice has shown that the NMDA receptor is a final target molecule of the Ras protein pathway in the CNS. In the H-ras null mutant hippocampus, the tyrosine phosphorylation of NR2A (epsilon1) and NR2B (epsilon2) subunits of NMDA receptors is increased, and, correspondingly, NMDA synaptic responses are selectively enhanced. In addition, long-term potentiation is markedly enhanced in mutant mice, most likely because of a selective enhancement of NMDA synaptic responses. Therefore, although Ras proteins have been implicated in cell proliferation and differentiation, the regulation of activity-dependent synaptic plasticity in the adult animals by downregulation of the phosphorylation of the NMDA receptor may be another major and pivotal role for H-Ras protein.
Photonic band and whispering gallery mode emitters (2002)

Semiconductor microcavities have potentialities of ultra-small laser suitable for large scale integration and thresholdless operation under the single mode condition that only one cavity mode is allowed in the electron transition spectrum. They are categorized into VCSELs, photonic band crystals and whispering gallery mode cavities. Utilizing a high refractive index contrast between semiconductor and air, the latter two can realize a high-Q resonance and ultimate strong optical confinement, which are required for the single mode condition.
Reaction-Based Amine and Alcohol Gases Detection with Triazine Ionic Liquid Materials (2019)

We demonstrated in this work the use of affinity ionic liquids, <b>AIL 1</b> and <b>AIL 2</b>, for chemoselective detection of amine and alcohol gases on a quartz crystal microbalance (QCM). These detections of gaseous amines and alcohols were achieved by nucleophilic aromatic substitution reactions with the electrophilic 1,3,5-triazine-based <b>AIL 1</b> thin-coated on quartz chips. Starting with inexpensive reagents, bicyclic imidazolium ionic liquids <b>AIL 1</b> and <b>AIL 2</b> were readily synthesized in six and four synthetic steps with high isolated yields: 51% and 63%, respectively. The QCM platform developed in this work is readily applicable and highly sensitive to low molecular weight amine gases: for isobutylamine gas (a bacterial volatile) at 10 Hz decrease in resonance frequency (i.e., Δ<i>F</i> = -10 Hz), the detectability using <b>AIL 1</b> was 6.3 ppb. Our preliminary investigation on detection of the much less nucleophilic alcohol gas by <b>AIL 1</b> was also promising. To our knowledge, no example to date of reports based on nucleophilic aromatic substitution reactions demonstrating sensitive gas detection in these triazine ionic liquids on a QCM has been reported.
A New Method for B-Format to Binaural Transcoding (2010)

A frequency-domain parametric method for transcoding first-order B-format signals to a binaural format is introduced. The method provides better spatial sharpness than linear methods allow. A high angular resolution planewave decomposition of the B-format establishes two independent direction estimates per time/frequency bin. This alleviates the requirement that the sound sources in a mix are W-disjoint orthogonal, implicit in previous nonlinear methods. The characteristics and causes of audible artifacts are discussed. Methods are introduced that suppress the different types of artifacts. A listening test is presented that ranks the sound quality of the method between third-order and fifth-order linear ambisonics systems.
Evolution of Drug Resistance in <i>Candida Albicans</i> (2002)

The widespread deployment of antimicrobial agents in medicine and agriculture is nearly always followed by the evolution of resistance to these agents in the pathogen. With the limited availability of antifungal drugs and the increasing incidence of opportunistic fungal infections, the emergence of drug resistance in fungal pathogens poses a serious public health concern. Antifungal drug resistance has been studied most extensively with the yeast Candida albicans owing to its importance as an opportunistic pathogen and its experimental tractability relative to other medically important fungal pathogens. The emergence of antifungal drug resistance is an evolutionary process that proceeds on temporal, spatial, and genomic scales. This process can be observed through epidemiological studies of patients and through population-genetic studies of pathogen populations. Population-genetic studies rely on sampling of the pathogen in patient populations, serial isolations of the pathogen from individual patients, or experimental evolution of the pathogen in nutrient media or in animal models. Predicting the evolution of drug resistance is fundamental to prolonging the efficacy of existing drugs and to strategically developing and deploying novel drugs.
Network Traffic Anomaly Detection Using Adaptive Density-Based Fuzzy Clustering (2014)

Fuzzy C-means (FCM) clustering has been used to distinguish communication network traffic outliers based on the uncommon statistical characteristics of network traffic data. The raditional FCM does not leverage spatial information in its analysis, which leads to inaccuracies in certain instances. To address this challenge, this paper proposes an adaptive fuzzy clustering technique based on existing possibilistic clustering algorithms. The proposed technique simultaneously considers distance, density, and the trend of density change of data instances in the membership degree calculation. Specifically the membership degree is quickly updated when the distance or density is beyond the pre-defined threshold, or density change does not match the data distribution. In contrast, the traditional FCM updates its membership degree only based on the distance between data points and the cluster centroid. The proposed approach enables the clustering to reflect the inherent diversity nature of communication network traffic. Further, an adaptive threshold is introduced to speed up the iterative clustering process. The proposed algorithm has been evaluated via experiments using traffic from a real network. The results indicate that the adaptive fuzzy clustering reduces false negatives while improves true positive results.
A Direct Smoothing Method for Surface Meshes. (1999)

Various algorithms employed in automated meshing of surfaces often produce distorted elements in the first phase. Different methods are used in the second phase to improve the quality of the mesh. Smoothing is one such method. In this method, the nodes are relocated without altering the element connectivity to improve the mesh quality. The most commonly used smoothing is called Laplacian smoothing. It is an iterative method. In this paper, a direct, method is presented for smoothing surface meshes. It is shown that a system of equations can be generated for the new nodal locations and then be solved for the constraints at once. The generation of the system of equations is very similar to assembling of global stiffness matrix from the element stiffness matrices. The element stiffness matrices are constant in local coordinate systems. In this method, final mesh is independent of the initial locations of unconstrained nodes.