gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Sb-based quantum dots for creating novel light-emitting devices for optical communications (2006)

We present a fabrication technique for creating high-quality structures of antimonide-based quantum dots (Sb-based QDs), which show long-wavelength emissions for fiber-optic communications. By using the Sb-based QDs as the active medium, we successfully demonstrated optical-emissions in the 1.3- and 1.5-μm wavebands from a long-wavelength vertical-cavity surface emitting laser (VCSEL) structure fabricated on a GaAs substrate. Additionally, we describe a growth technique for Sb-based QDs on a silicon wafer, which may become novel-materials for silicon photonics technology.
Time‐varying boundary conditions in simulation of seismic wave propagation (2011)

We propose two new boundary conditions to regulate coherent reflections from the model boundaries in numerical solutions of wave equations. Both boundary conditions have the common feature that the boundary condition is varied with respect to time. The first boundary condition expands or contracts the computational model during a modeling simulation. The effect is to cause a Doppler shift in the reflected wavefield that can be used to shift energy outside a frequency band of interest. Additionally, when the computational domain is expanding, the range of possible incidence angles on the boundary is restricted. This can be used to increase the effectiveness of many existing absorbing boundary conditions that are more effective for incidence angles close to normal. The second boundary condition is an extension of random boundaries. By carefully changing the realization of a random boundary over time, a more diffusive wavefield can be simulated. We show results with 2D numerical simulations of the scalar wave equation for both these boundary conditions. While the first boundary condition has application to modeling, both of these boundary conditions have potential applications within algorithms that rely upon modeling kernels, such as reverse‐time migration and full‐waveform inversion.
Multi-Task Convolutional Neural Network for Patient Detection and Skin Segmentation in Continuous Non-Contact Vital Sign Monitoring (2017)

Patient detection and skin segmentation are important steps in non-contact vital sign monitoring as skin regions contain pulsatile information required for the estimation of vital signs such as heart rate, respiratory rate and peripheral oxygen saturation (SpO2). Previous methods based on face detection or colour-based image segmentation are less reliable in a hospital setting. In this paper, we develop a multi-task convolutional neural network (CNN) for detecting the presence of a patient and segmenting the patient's skin regions. The multi-task model has a shared core network with two branches: a segmentation branch which was implemented using a fully convolutional network, and a classification branch which was implemented using global average pooling. The whole network was trained using images from a clinical study conducted in the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) of the John Radcliffe hospital, Oxford, UK. Our model can produce accurate results and is robust to changes in different skin tones, pose variations, lighting variations, and routine interaction of clinical staff.
<i>Botrytis cinerea</i>virulence factors: new insights into a necrotrophic and polyphageous pathogen (2007)

Botrytis cinerea is responsible for the gray mold disease on more than 200 host plants. This necrotrophic ascomycete displays the capacity to kill host cells through the production of toxins, reactive oxygen species and the induction of a plant-produced oxidative burst. Thanks to an arsenal of degrading enzymes, B. cinerea is then able to feed on different plant tissues. Recent molecular approaches, for example on characterizing components of signal transduction pathways, show that this fungus shares conserved virulence factors with other phytopathogens, but also highlight some Botrytis-specific features. The discovery of some first strain-specific virulence factors, together with population data, even suggests a possible host adaptation of the strains. The availability of the genome sequence now stimulates the development of high-throughput functional analysis to decipher the mechanisms involved in the large host range of this species.
Versatile generation of optical vector fields and vector beams using a non-interferometric approach (2012)

We present a versatile, non-interferometric method for generating vector fields and vector beams which can produce all the states of polarization represented on a higher-order Poincaré sphere. The versatility and non-interferometric nature of this method is expected to enable exploration of various exotic properties of vector fields and vector beams. To illustrate this, we study the propagation properties of some vector fields and find that, in general, propagation alters both their intensity and polarization distribution, and more interestingly, converts some vector fields into vector beams. In the article, we also suggest a modified Jones vector formalism to represent vector fields and vector beams.
Evidence for incorporation of free-floating mesothelial cells as a mechanism of serosal healing (2002)

Regeneration of the mesothelium is unlike that of other epithelial-like surfaces, as healing does not occur solely by centripetal migration of cells from the wound edge. The mechanism of repair of mesothelium is controversial, but it is widely accepted, without compelling evidence, that pluripotent cells beneath the mesothelium migrate to the surface and differentiate into mesothelial cells. In this study we examined an alternative hypothesis, using in vivo cell-tracking studies, that repair involves implantation, proliferation and incorporation of free-floating mesothelial cells into the regenerating mesothelium. Cultured mesothelial cells, fibroblasts and peritoneal lavage cells were DiI- or PKH26-PCL-labelled and injected into rats immediately following mesothelial injury. Implantation of labelled cells was assessed on mesothelial imprints using confocal microscopy, and cell proliferation was determined by proliferating cell nuclear antigen immunolabelling. Incorporation of labelled cells, assessed by the formation of apical junctional complexes, was shown by confocal imaging of zonula occludens-1 protein. Labelled cultured mesothelial and peritoneal lavage cells, but not cultured fibroblasts, implanted onto the wound surface 3, 5 and 8 days after injury. These cells proliferated and incorporated into the regenerated mesothelium, as demonstrated by nuclear proliferating cell nuclear antigen staining and membrane-localised zonula occludens-1 expression, respectively. Furthermore, immunolocalisation of the mesothelial cell marker HBME-1 demonstrated that the incorporated, labelled lavage-derived cells were mesothelial cells and not macrophages as it had previously been suggested. This study has clearly shown that serosal healing involves implantation, proliferation and incorporation of free-floating mesothelial cells into the regenerating mesothelium.
Roles of roflumilast, a selective phosphodiesterase 4 inhibitor, in airway diseases (2017)

Asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) are common chronic respiratory diseases. Both diseases have incompletely distinct pathophysiology, clinical manifestation, and treatment responsiveness. Pulmonary and systemic inflammations are the hallmarks of COPD. Most asthma responds to inhaled corticosteroid (ICS) treatment. In contrast, COPD is a corticosteroid-resistant disease. Bronchodilators are a preferred treatment method of COPD, with the aim of improving symptoms and preventing exacerbation. In addition, corticosteroid insensitivity is an underlying mechanism in severe asthma. An overlap of features between asthma and COPD, which was described as asthma-COPD overlap syndrome (ACOS) is not uncommon in practice. Novel nonsteroidal therapies focusing on inflammation in asthma and COPD have been developed. Selective phosphodiesterase 4 (PDE4) inhibitor is a promising class of drugs that has been studied for the treatment of COPD. Selective PDE4 inhibitor is different from xanthine in terms of mechanisms and pharmacokinetic profiles. This review focuses on clinical data on PDE4 inhibitors and its future roles in asthma, COPD, bronchiectasis, ACOS and other chronic non-pulmonary diseases.
Designable and dynamic single-walled stiff nanotubes assembled from sequence-defined peptoids (2018)

Despite recent advances in the assembly of organic nanotubes, conferral of sequence-defined engineering and dynamic response characteristics to the tubules remains a challenge. Here we report a new family of highly designable and dynamic nanotubes assembled from sequence-defined peptoids through a unique "rolling-up and closure of nanosheet" mechanism. During the assembly process, amorphous spherical particles of amphiphilic peptoid oligomers crystallize to form well-defined nanosheets before folding to form single-walled nanotubes. These nanotubes undergo a pH-triggered, reversible contraction-expansion motion. By varying the number of hydrophobic residues of peptoids, we demonstrate tuning of nanotube wall thickness, diameter, and mechanical properties. Atomic force microscopy-based mechanical measurements show peptoid nanotubes are highly stiff (Young's Modulus ~13-17 GPa). We further demonstrate the precise incorporation of functional groups within nanotubes and their applications in water decontamination and cellular adhesion and uptake. These nanotubes provide a robust platform for developing biomimetic materials tailored to specific applications.
Efficient and broad band coupling between silicon and ultra-low-loss silicon nitride waveguides (2016)

We demonstrate a very low loss coupler between a silicon nanowire waveguide and ultra-low loss (less than 2 dB/m) silicon nitride waveguide. Coupling between layers is achieved loss below 0.1 dB per transition over 50 nm of bandwidth.
An Embedded Non-Contact Body Temperature Measurement System with Automatic Face Tracking and Neural Network Regression (2016)

In the last decade, many advances have been made in the field of automatic temperature estimation, including wearable sensor technologies (WST), infrared thermography (IRT), and non-contact infrared thermometer (NCIT). In contrast with the WST and IRT, NCIT is inexpensive without the risk of potential skin irritation. Nevertheless, NCIT is limited in short valid estimation distance (<;12 cm), resulting in the non-satisfaction of the surging application requirements nowadays. This paper proposed an algorithm based on Neural Network Regression not only to reduce the error from 0.6° to 0.12°, which is close to the medical instrument level, but as well to lengthen the valid distance to the range between 50 cm and 100 cm. Furthermore, this study developed an embedded automatic body temperature estimation system which could continuously and unconsciously measure the human temperature in real-time. Integrated with face tracking and fuzzy-control of Pan-tilt unit, the system ensures that human face is focused while measuring. With wireless communication techniques, users can review their physiological Information via App and Web, which is beneficial to remote healthcare.
An Interactive Simulation Tool for Production Planning in Bacon Factories (1994)

The paper describes an interactive simulation tool for production planning in bacon factories. The main aim of the tool is to make it possible to combine the production plans of all parts of the factory...
Theoretical prediction and experimental verification of quantum well electroabsorption modulators with bandwidths exceeding 40 GHz (2003)

We experimentally verify the bandwidth and extinction ratio performance of electroabsorption modulators predicted from our simulation. Modulators with bandwidth exceeding 40 GHz for <2 V DC bias have been demonstrated in InGaAsP-InGaAsP multiple quantum wells.
α<sub>v</sub>β<sub>3</sub>Integrin Mediates the Cell-adhesive Capacity and Biological Activity of Basic Fibroblast Growth Factor (FGF-2) in Cultured Endothelial Cells (1997)

Fibroblast growth factor-2 (FGF-2) immobilized on non-tissue culture plastic promotes adhesion and spreading of bovine and human endothelial cells that are inhibited by anti-FGF-2 antibody. Heat-inactivated FGF-2 retains its cell-adhesive activity despite its incapacity to bind to tyrosine-kinase FGF receptors or to cell-surface heparan sulfate proteoglycans. Recombinant glutathione-S-transferase-FGF-2 chimeras and synthetic FGF-2 fragments identify two cell-adhesive domains in FGF-2 corresponding to amino acid sequences 38-61 and 82-101. Both regions are distinct from the FGF-receptor-binding domain of FGF-2 and contain a DGR sequence that is the inverse of the RGD cell-recognition sequence. Calcium deprivation, RGD-containing eptapeptides, soluble vitronectin (VN), but not fibronectin (FN), inhibit cell adhesion to FGF-2. Conversely, soluble FGF-2 prevents cell adhesion to VN but not FN, thus implicating VN receptor in the cell-adhesive activity of FGF-2. Accordingly, monoclonal and polyclonal anti-alphavbeta3 antibodies prevent cell adhesion to FGF-2. Also, purified human alphavbeta3 binds to immobilized FGF-2 in a cation-dependent manner, and this interaction is competed by soluble VN but not by soluble FN. Finally, anti-alphavbeta3 monoclonal and polyclonal antibodies specifically inhibit mitogenesis and urokinase-type plasminogen activator (uPA) up-regulation induced by free FGF-2 in endothelial cells adherent to tissue culture plastic. These data demonstrate that FGF-2 interacts with alphavbeta3 integrin and that this interaction mediates the capacity of the angiogenic growth factor to induce cell adhesion, mitogenesis, and uPA up-regulation in endothelial cells.
O-PCF algorithm for one-class classification (2019)

One-class classification, or outlier detection, is of great importance when data can be properly obtained from only one target class. The problem has many applications in various areas when the outlier class, defined as the complementary set to the target class, is absent. In this paper, we develop a novel one-class classification algorithm called the one-class polyhedral conic functions (O-PCF) algorithm. In this algorithm, the decision boundary for the target class is defined by PCFs' level sets. The level set of a PCF is a convex polyhedron; thus, only convex decision boundaries can be obtained with one PCF. However, the target class may have a non-convex structure. Thus, the O-PCF algorithm divides the target class into k clusters and obtains a PCF for each cluster. O-PCF constructs the final classifier as the minimum of k PCFs to generate non-convex separating surfaces. The performance of the O-PCF algorithm is presented in comparison with other methods in the literature. The test results lead us to conclude that the O-PCF algorithm outperforms the other methods in many cases.
Analogs of diaminopimelic acid as inhibitors of meso-diaminopimelate dehydrogenase and LL-diaminopimelate epimerase. (1988)

Analogs 1-8 of diaminopimelic acid (DAP) were synthesized and tested for inhibition of purified meso-DAP D-dehydrogenase from Bacillus sphaericus and of LL-DAP epimerase from Escherichia coli. The dehydrogenase was assayed by monitoring NADPH formation spectrophotometrically at 340 nm. N-Hydroxy DAP 4, N-amino DAP 5, and 4-methylene DAP 6 are substrates of the dehydrogenase with relative rates exceeding those of the meso isomers of the thia analogs 1ab, 2ab, and 3ab. DAP epimerase was assayed by coupling the epimerization of LL-DAP to DL-DAP (Km = 0.26 mM) with the dehydrogenase-catalyzed oxidation of DL-DAP by NADP. Lanthionine isomers 1ab and 1c were stronger inhibitors of the epimerase (Ki = 0.18 mM, Ki' = 0.67 mM, and Ki = 0.42 mM, respectively) than the corresponding meso-sulfoxide 2ab or the meso-sulfone 3ab. Other isomers of 2 and 3, as well as compounds 7 and 8, showed no epimerase inhibition. N-Hydroxy DAP 4 was the most potent competitive inhibitor (Ki = 0.0056 mM) of the epimerase, whereas N-amino DAP 5 is weaker (Ki = 2.9 mM) and 4-methylene DAP 6 is a noncompetitive inhibitor (Ki' = 0.95 mM). Although none of the analogs tested showed time-dependent inactivation of either enzyme, compounds 4, 5, 6, and 7 display substantial antibacterial activities. Possible mechanisms of epimerase inhibition and significance of the DAP pathway as a target for antibiotics are discussed.
Effective Image Retrieval System Using Dot-Diffused Block Truncation Coding Features (2015)

This paper presents a new approach to derive the image feature descriptor from the dot-diffused block truncation coding (DDBTC) compressed data stream. The image feature descriptor is simply constructed from two DDBTC representative color quantizers and its corresponding bitmap image. The color histogram feature (CHF) derived from two color quantizers represents the color distribution and image contrast, while the bit pattern feature (BPF) constructed from the bitmap image characterizes the image edges and textural information. The similarity between two images can be easily measured from their CHF and BPF values using a specific distance metric computation. Experimental results demonstrate the superiority of the proposed feature descriptor compared to the former existing schemes in image retrieval task under natural and textural images. The DDBTC method compresses an image efficiently, and at the same time, its corresponding compressed data stream can provide an effective feature descriptor for performing image retrieval and classification. Consequently, the proposed scheme can be considered as an effective candidate for real-time image retrieval applications.
Admission Source to the Medical Intensive Care Unit Predicts Hospital Death Independent of APACHE II Score (1990)

This study was conducted to determine if the source of admission to the medical intensive care unit (MICU) is associated with hospital death independent of the Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation (APACHE) II score. We calculated APACHE II scores and predicted risks of hospital death for 235 patients who were admitted to the MICU. The predicted death rate was the same as the actual rate for patients who were admitted directly from the emergency department (25% vs 22%), but was less than the actual rate for patients who were transferred from hospital floors (38% vs 55%), the medical intermediate care unit (32% vs 59%), and other hospitals (21% vs 36%). Logistic regression analysis confirmed an independent association between the MICU admission source and risk of death. Our findings suggest that APACHE II does not measure illness severity accurately in all patients who are admitted to intensive care units. If our results are generalizable, using APACHE II to compare intensive care outcomes among hospitals could lead to wrong conclusions about quality of care. Improving predictions of hospital death rates among patients who are in MICUs may require the inclusion of new types of information in the classification system.
Lung Cancer in Radon-Exposed Miners and Estimation of Risk From Indoor Exposure (1995)

In the miners, about 40% of all lung cancer deaths may be due to radon progeny exposure, 70% of lung cancer deaths in never-smokers, and 39% of lung cancer deaths in smokers. In the United States, 10% of all lung cancer deaths might be due to indoor radon exposure, 11% of lung cancer deaths in smokers, and 30% of lung cancer deaths in never-smokers. This risk model estimates that reducing radon in all homes exceeding the U. S. Environmental Protection Agency's recommended action level may reduce lung cancer deaths about 2%-4%. These estimates should be interpreted with caution, because concomitant exposures of miners to agents such as arsenic or diesel exhaust may modify the radon effect and, when considered together with other differences between homes and mines, might reduce the generalizability of findings in miners.
In-Pixel Storage Techniques for CMOS Burst-Mode Ultra-High-Speed Imagers (2024)

This work presents in-pixel circuit techniques for burst-mode ultra-high-speed imagers to improve the noise performance while maintaining a dense analog memory storage for each pixel. Together with an AC coupling CDS stage, in-pixel amplification is demonstrated to be useful to improve effective frame depth for longer recording time. Considering the benefits on scaling and power consumption, a 108-cell memory bank (10fF/cell) is implemented inside the pixel. Two types of pixel variations were fabricated in CMOS 130nm technology. The photon transfer curves of both pixel types are measured over different operation speeds up to 20Mfps showing noise performance of both variations to be less than 10e- noise.
Evaluation of airborne contaminant exposure in a single-bed isolation ward equipped with a protected occupied zone ventilation system (2019)

Effective ventilation in general hospital wards is important for controlling the transmission of airborne infectious agents that may cause respiratory diseases. This study investigates the potential of protected occupied zone ventilation (POV) to reduce the risk of cross-infection in hospital isolation wards. Two life-size breathing thermal manikins were used to simulate an infected patient lying in a bed and a sitting, receiving health care worker. N 2 O was used as a tracer gas to simulate the droplet nuclei exhaled by patients. The contaminant exposure index <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline" overflow="scroll"> <mml:mrow> <mml:msub> <mml:mi>ε</mml:mi> <mml:mrow> <mml:mi>e</mml:mi> <mml:mi>x</mml:mi> <mml:mi>p</mml:mi> </mml:mrow> </mml:msub> </mml:mrow> </mml:math> was used to assess the risk of cross-infection for different configurations of the supply velocity, the patient’s lying position and the exhaust openings. The contaminant exposure index <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline" overflow="scroll"> <mml:mrow> <mml:mtext> </mml:mtext> <mml:mrow> <mml:mo stretchy="true">(</mml:mo> <mml:mrow> <mml:msub> <mml:mi>ε</mml:mi> <mml:mrow> <mml:mi>e</mml:mi> <mml:mi>x</mml:mi> <mml:mi>p</mml:mi> </mml:mrow> </mml:msub> </mml:mrow> <mml:mo stretchy="true">)</mml:mo> </mml:mrow> </mml:mrow> </mml:math> shows that the ventilation strategy is effective, but this is also highly dependent on the supply velocity and the location of the exhaust relative to the patient’s breathing zone. The patient’s posterior position does not affect the personal exposure of the receiving patient. Compared to traditional ventilation systems, the POV system can reduce the risk of cross-infection in hospital isolation rooms. The full potential of a POV system can be achieved in an isolation ward where movement between the infected and protected zones is restricted or prohibited.