gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Theoretical Analysis of a Water Desalination System Using Low Grade Solar Heat (2003)

Theoretical analysis of a solar desalination system utilizing an innovative new concept, which uses low-grade solar heat, is presented. The system utilizes natural means of gravity and atmospheric pressure to create a vacuum, under which liquid can be evaporated at much lower temperatures and with less energy than conventional techniques. The uniqueness of the system is in the way natural forces are used to create vacuum conditions and its incorporation in a single system design where evaporation and condensation take place at appropriate locations without any energy input other than low grade heat. The system consists of solar heating system, an evaporator, a condenser, and injection, withdrawal, and discharge pipes. The effect of various operating conditions, namely, withdrawal rate, depth of water body, temperature of the heat source, and condenser temperature were studied. Numerical simulations show that the proposed system may have distillation efficiencies as high as 90% or more. Vacuum equivalent to 3.7 kPa (abs) or less can be created depending on the ambient temperature at which condensation will take place.
Cranial Osteogenesis and Suture Morphology in Xenopus laevis: A Unique Model System for Studying Craniofacial Development (2009)

A better understanding of the dramatic transformation from cartilaginous head structures to bony skull during Xenopus metamorphosis may provide insights into tissue remodelling and regeneration in other systems. Our studies provide some new molecular insights into this process.
Wearable Millimeter-Wave Device for Contactless Measurement of Arterial Pulses (2019)

Wearable monitors for measuring vital signs such as blood pressure will greatly impact the medical field. This work presents a millimeter-wave, radar-based system for performing accurate measurements of arterial pulse waveforms without contacting the region that is pulsing. Electromagnetic and radar-system simulation models are utilized to demonstrate the viability and safety of this approach. This is followed by hardware/software implementation and a study on 12 human subjects. Measured radial arterial waveforms exhibit signal strengths that are well above the noise floor of the system and a morphology that would be expected in an arterial pulse. Finally, comparison of the radar-based signals with a reference tonometer indicates a strong correlation between waveforms, as well as similar spectral signatures. The results observed suggest a millimeter-wave based approach for arterial pulse detection is very promising for future applications in pulse wave analysis and pulse transit time measurement for blood pressure tracking.
Volterra filter identification using penalized least squares (2002)

Volterra filters have been applied to many nonlinear system identification problems. However, obtaining good filter estimates from short and/or noisy data records is a difficult task. We propose a penalized least squares estimation algorithm and derive appropriate penalizing functionals for Volterra filters. An example demonstrates that penalized least squares estimation can provide much more accurate filter estimates than ordinary least squares estimation.
Molecular Epidemiology of Clinical Isolates of Carbapenem-Resistant <i>Acinetobacter</i> spp. from Chinese Hospitals (2007)

Carbapenem resistance in Acinetobacter spp. is an emerging problem in China. We investigated the molecular epidemiology and carbapenemase genes of 221 nonrepetitive imipenem-resistant clinical isolates of Acinetobacter spp. collected from 1999 to 2005 at 11 teaching hospitals in China. Genotyping by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) found 15 PFGE patterns. Of these, one (clone P) was identified at four hospitals in Beijing and another (clone A) at four geographically disparate cities. Most imipenem-resistant isolates exhibited high-level resistance to all beta-lactams and were only susceptible to colistin. bla(OXA-23)-like genes were found in 97.7% of isolates. Sequencing performed on 60 representative isolates confirmed the presence of the bla(OXA-23) carbapenemase gene. Analysis of the genetic context of bla(OXA-23) showed the presence of ISAba1 upstream of bla(OXA-23). All of the 187 A. baumannii isolates identified by amplified RNA gene restriction analysis carried a bla(OXA-51)-like oxacillinase gene, while this gene was absent from isolates of other species. Sequencing indicated the presence of bla(OXA-66) for 18 representative isolates. Seven isolates of one clone (clone T) carried the plasmid-mediated bla(OXA-58) carbapenemase gene, while one isolate of another clone (clone L) carried the bla(OXA-72) carbapenemase gene. Only 1 isolate of clone Q carried the bla(IMP-8) metallo-beta-lactamase gene, located in a class 1 integron. Of 221 isolates, 77.8% carried bla(PER-1)-like genes. Eleven different structures of class 1 integrons were detected, and most integrons carried genes mediating resistance to aminoglycosides, rifampin, and chloramphenicol. These findings indicated clonal spread of imipenem-resistant Acinetobacter spp. and wide dissemination of the OXA-23 carbapenemase in China.
Path tracking of UAV using self-tuning PID controller based on fuzzy logic (2010)

The main purpose of this paper is to develop a robust control methodology for an unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) with quad-rotor mechanism. A conventional proportional-integral-derivative (PID) controller and self-tuning PID based on fuzzy logic are compared and analyzed. Self-tuning PID based on fuzzy logic is suitable for systems suffering from uncertain parameters, such as variation in payload, as the algorithm is able to adjust the gain of the PID controllers so that they maintain robustness and performance. The performance results of the two controllers when applied to a quad-rotor UAV are demonstrated using numerical simulation.
Statistical models based password candidates generation for specified language used in wireless LAN security audit (2013)

The purpose of this article is to describe a new method which is proposed to be the best practice for creating a very effective password candidate lists for specified language, which could be then also used to test the security level of wireless networks protected by WPA/WPA2 PSK standards. The main principle of this technique is to create the statistical model of the new target language which could be used for password candidates generation in controlled order for security audit of the wireless network. It means that the list starts with more probable combinations, going to the less probable ones, so it can be said that this approach means sorting the Brute-force candidates according to specified language, or predicting the usage of letter combinations according to the specified language statistics. The tests have shown that this approach of generating more probable combinations as first, could improve the procedure since it is about 15 times faster in finding about 70% of passwords than common Brute-force attack, comparing to about 20% effectiveness of old dictionary attacks.
L-Phenylalanine concentration in blood of phenylketonuria patients: a modified enzyme colorimetric assay compared with amino acid analysis, tandem mass spectrometry, and HPLC methods (2010)

The results reported here confirm that Phe concentrations determined by our ECA method are comparable to those determined by other widely used methods for a broad range of plasma Phe concentrations.
Adaptive modulation and coding (AMC) for bit-interleaved coded OFDM (BIC-OFDM) (2004)

Adaptive modulation and coding (AMC) is receiving increasing attention as an effective method to enhance the performance of wireless systems. This paper proposes AMC as a method for the bit-interleaved coded OFDM (BIC-OFDM) packet transmission. We provide a pair-wise error probability (PEP) analysis of AMC-BIC-OFDM in a slowly fading frequency selective channel. We maximize the total rate by optimally selecting the code and efficiently allocating rate and power over the frequency band. The proposed method improves the performance of uniform rate and power allocation scheme by 8 to 19 dB.
Ecommerce in Rural Areas and Environmental Sustainability: The Last-Mile Delivery (2017)

Ecommerce models offer many benefits for business operations, such as convenience and easiness, decreased cost of inventory management, expanded customer base, enabled globalization and business analytics, etc. Virtual business models also promote sustainability by reducing energy and resource usage. Despite its pronounced benefits, ecommerce is still subject to challenges of environmental sustainability especially in rural areas. This research-in-progress study intends to better understand environmental implications of ecommerce in rural areas with the exploration of three questions: 1) how are sellers and buyers conscious about ecommerce sustainability in rural areas, 2) What eco-innovation practices are engaged by business, and 3) what are environmental consequences associated with various types of deliver innovations.
Analyzing user profiles in electronic markets (2010)

The electronic markets have reached a huge volume of users and transactions with the popularization of the Web applications. Thus, it is essential to understand clearly the behavior of the users of these applications to improve the services and also to offer new features to them. In this context, this paper presents a workload characterization and evaluates the navigation profiles of humans and bots in an electronic market. We use a graph model to represent the user navigation, identifying typical differences among their behaviors, as the action of data collecting performed by bots, and the typical act of searching from humans. Besides proposing a methodology for user session tracking characterization, the results of this paper can be applied in order to design new personalization techniques or to improve the user-system interaction.
PARP Inhibition Suppresses Growth of EGFR-Mutant Cancers by Targeting Nuclear PKM2 (2016)

Upon growth factor stimulation or in some EGFR mutant cancer cells, PKM2 translocates into the nucleus to induce glycolysis and cell growth. Here, we report that nuclear PKM2 binds directly to poly-ADP ribose, and this PAR-binding capability is critical for its nuclear localization. Accordingly, PARP inhibition prevents nuclear retention of PKM2 and therefore suppresses cell proliferation and tumor growth. In addition, we found that PAR level correlates with nuclear localization of PKM2 in EGFR mutant brain and lung cancers, suggesting that PAR-dependent nuclear localization of PKM2 likely contributes to tumor progression in EGFR mutant glioblastoma and lung cancers. In addition, some EGFR-inhibitor-resistant lung cancer cells are sensitive to PARP inhibitors. Taken together, our data indicate that suppression of PKM2 nuclear function by PARP inhibitors represents a treatment strategy for EGFR-inhibitor-resistant cancers.
Adaptive Beaconing Approaches for Vehicular Ad Hoc Networks: A Survey (2016)

Vehicular communication requires vehicles to self-organize through the exchange of periodic beacons. Recent analysis on beaconing indicates that the standards for beaconing restrict the desired performance of vehicular applications. This situation can be attributed to the quality of the available transmission medium, persistent change in the traffic situation and the inability of standards to cope with application requirements. To this end, this paper is motivated by the classifications and capability evaluations of existing adaptive beaconing approaches. To begin with, we explore the anatomy and the performance requirements of beaconing. Then, the beaconing design is analyzed to introduce a design-based beaconing taxonomy. A survey of the state of the art is conducted with an emphasis on the salient features of the beaconing approaches. We also evaluate the capabilities of beaconing approaches using several key parameters. A comparison among beaconing approaches is presented, which is based on the architectural and implementation characteristics. The paper concludes by discussing open challenges in the field.
Covalent functionalization and biomolecular recognition properties of DNA-modified silicon nanowires (2005)

The direct covalent modification of silicon nanowires with DNA oligonucleotides, and the subsequent hybridization properties of the resulting nanowire–DNA adducts, are described. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and fluorescence imaging techniques have been used to characterize the covalent photochemical functionalization of hydrogen-terminated silicon nanowires grown on SiO2 substrates and the subsequent chemistry to form covalent adducts with DNA. XPS measurements show that photochemical reaction of H-terminated Si nanowires with alkenes occurs selectively on the nanowires with no significant reaction with the underlying SiO2 substrate, and that the resulting molecular layers have a packing density identical to that of planar samples. Functionalization with a protected amine followed by deprotection and use of a bifunctional linker yields covalently linked nanowire–DNA adducts. The biomolecular recognition properties of the nanowires were tested via hybridization with fluorescently tagged complementary and non-complementary DNA oligonucleotides, showing good selectivity and reversibility, with no significant non-specific binding to the incorrect sequences or to the underlying SiO2 substrate. Our results demonstrate that the selective nature of the photochemical functionalization chemistry permits silicon nanowires to be grown, functionalized, and characterized before being released from the underlying SiO2 substrate. Compared with solution-phase modification, the ability to perform all chemistry and characterization while still attached to the underlying support makes this a convenient route toward fabrication of well characterized, biologically modified silicon nanowires.
Sunday, Bloody Sunday (1993)

On Easter Sunday (April 11, 1993) at the Southern Ohio Correctional Facility (SOFO located in Lucasville, Ohio, the years of oppression exploded into a full-blown riot.For all familiar with the treatment and conditions there, it was known to be long overdue.Brutality, racism, murder, and inhumane treatment have been documented with the state and federal courts as well as with Amnesty International and other human rights organizations -yet the prisoncrats just kept tightening the screws.Years of whitewashing by the state legislative watchdog committee (Correctional Institution Inspection Committee, CUO didn't help.The CIIC in 1990 called for a full-scale investigation into conditions at Lucasville that they turned into a political fiasco by creating an 800 member Aryan Brotherhood (AB) and focusing on that aspect, saying the AB controlled gambling, drugs, and prostitution inside the prison.No mention was made of the otherfactions, and the fallacy about the AB just caused younger prisoners to want to start one or join.Governor Celeste called for a full-scale investigation by the State Highway Patrol after the FBI, SHP and CUC had just investigated allegations of two black prisoners being killed by white guards for touching a white nurse.All the SHP did was twist and turn their investigation to cover for the guards' and prisoncrats' illegal activities.SHP also called for more security; the hiring of additional guards and putting the prison on senilockdown.This created the increase in tension and oppression that led to the events of the Bloody Easter Sunday riot.The failure of the courts and legislature to provide relief from the oppressive conditions, coupled with the constant harassment of prisoners who tried to use legal avenues to address the everyday constitutional violations left only one option -revolution.Judges, politicians, and even prisoncrats pay lip service to the pu blic about how prisoners should and are encouraged to use the courts and grievance system to air complaints and violations.In reality, they bog down prisoner cases for years, dismissing 90% of them without a trial, then retaliate with long-term isolation in control unitscell and body searches for harassment purposes and the thousands of other ways they harass us.The years of frustration came to a head when forced/mandatory TB testing was done after the state had put active TB carriers in areas of the prisons where it could spread -refusing to isolate them properly.When gorilla tactics were used by prisoncrats to enforce this mandatory testing, prisoners rebelled.What started as a spontaneous event turned into a takeover of all of L Side, the taking of eight guards hostage, and the killing of nine prisoners and one guard before the takeover was
Transducer frequency response and impact on TPOAT signal (2008)

Ideal transducers have perfectly uniform response to incoming pressure waves, regardless of frequency. In practice, piezoelectric transducers are designed with a particular center frequency (CF) and are most sensitive to signals with strong frequency content near CF, bandpass filtering signal - and reconstructed images. We characterized the frequency dependent receive sensitivity of three single-element transducers with CFs ranging from 1 to 3.5 MHz. The resulting sensitivity response curves are applied to ideal thermo/photo/opto-acoustic (TPOAT) signals generated by ideal spherical absorbers to show the impact of transducer frequency response on measured TPOAT data and reconstructed images.
Efficient processing of past-future spatiotemporal queries (2006)

Spatiotemporal databases emerge as an evolving scientific field due to a great variety of applications, tracking mobile objects being one of them. For this purpose, a number of methods have been proposed to efficiently organize and index moving objects and answer spatiotemporal queries. The majority of all these methods are addressing either the past or the future movement of the moving objects. Up until now, addressing both the past and the future movement of the objects in an integrated manner has rarely appeared in the literature. In the current paper, based on a spatiotemporal access method, the XBR-tree, we propose algorithms for the efficient processing of spatiotemporal window (past) and timestamp (past, present and future) queries. Moreover, we experimentally study the efficiency of processing these queries based on the XBR-tree against using an existing structure, the RPPF-tree.
A Simple Assay for Xylanase Using<i>o</i>-Nitrophenyl-<i>β</i>-<scp>D</scp>-xylobioside (1996)

We measured xylanase activities upon eight chromogenic substrates, o- or p-nitrophenyl-beta-D-xylopyranoside (oNP-X or pNP-X) and o- or p-nitrophenyl-beta-D-xylooligosaccharides (oNP-Xn or pNP-Xn, n = 2-4), and studied for their uses as substrates in a kinetic study. The Kcat and K(m) of Bacillus pumilus xylanase (EC 3.2.1.8) activities for pNP-X2 were 0.24s-1 and 0.5 mM, respectively. The relative xylanase activities with the other substrates to that with pNP-X2, pNP-X3, pNP-X4, oNP-X, oNP-X2, oNP-X3, and oNP-X4 were < 0.001, 9.4, 9.7, < 0.001, 19, 190, and 200, respectively. HPLC analysis of the digestion products of oNP-X2 or pNP-X2 showed that the xylanase hydrolyzed each of the substrates only at the ether bond between nitrophenol and xylobiose. All ether bonds of pNP-X3, oNP-X3, pNP-X4, or oNP-X4 were hydrolyzed by the xylanase and further hydrolyses proceeded in the digestion products, e.g., oNP-X2 and oNP-X3 from oNP-X4. Therefore, oNP-X2 was screened as a useful substrate in a kinetic study of the xylanase. The K(m) and Kcat of the xylanase for oNP-X2 were 0.38 mM 2.29s-1, respectively. Thermodynamic studies showed that the higher reaction rate obtained with oNP-X2 than that with pNP-X2 was due to a significant decrease in the activation energy change, despite a decrease in the activation entropy change.
Polymer composite thermistors for temperature and current sensors (1996)

The electrical resistivity of polymer composites is studied as a function of temperature. The initial resistivity ρ of thermoplastic or thermoset containing a metallic filler is in the range of 1–10×10−2 Ω cm. Around the curing temperature of epoxies, the resistivity increases by eight to twelve orders of magnitude. For thermoplastic polymers, however, the transition temperature is related to the melting temperature at which a strong volume increase occurs. Hence, the choice of polymer and its processing determine the transition temperature from a conducting state to an insulating state. For a variety of polymers we have observed transitions between 80 and 200 °C. Due to a sharp and strong transition at a predetermined temperature, such materials can be used as temperature sensors. Since the resistivity of the cold state is low, they can also carry rather high currents. The balance between heating and cooling determines then a critical value for the current. Thus, the materials can also serve as current sensors.
Expression of the integrin α<sub>E</sub>β<sub>7</sub>identifies unique subsets of CD25<sup>+</sup>as well as CD25<sup>−</sup>regulatory T cells (2002)

Regulatory CD25(+)CD4(+) T cells are considered as important players in T cell homeostasis and self-tolerance. Here we report that the integrin alpha(E)beta(7), which recognizes epithelial cadherin, identifies the most potent subpopulation of regulatory CD25(+) T cells. Strikingly, CD25-negative alpha(E)+CD4(+) T cells displayed regulatory activity. Both alpha(E)+ subsets, CD25(+) and CD25(-), express CTLA-4, suppress T cell proliferation in vitro, and protect mice from colitis in the severe combined immunodeficient model (SCID) in vivo. Whereas alpha(E)+CD25(+) T cells produce almost no cytokines, alpha(E)+CD25(-) T cells represent a unique subset in which high IL-2, IFN-gamma and T helper 2-cytokine production is linked with suppressive function. Thus, the integrin alpha(E)beta(7) can be regarded as a novel marker for subsets of highly potent, functionally distinct regulatory T cells specialized for crosstalk with epithelial environments.
<sup>177</sup>Lu-DOTATATE Peptide Receptor Radionuclide Therapy: Dose Response in Small Intestinal Neuroendocrine Tumors (2019)

It was not possible to demonstrate a tumor dose-response relationship in SI-NET metastases with the applied dosimetry method, contrary to what was previously shown for pancreatic NETs.
An Architecture for Web-Services Based Interest Management in Real Time Distributed Simulation (2004)

The Experimentation Command and Control Interface (XC2I) project has developed an architecture for a Web-service based viewer/controller for use with distributed simulations supporting military experiments. As part of this activity, a capability for Interest Management with three functions is being created. The functions are Role-Based Access Control (RBAC), Area of Interest Management (AOIM), and Aggregation Interest Management (AGIM). While the approach is compatible with High Level Architecture (HLA) for Modeling and Simulation, primary information exchange takes place using the Web services, i.e. software-to-software messaging interfaces that operate over Web protocols such as XML/SOAP. This paper presents a Web Services Internet Management (WSIM) architecture designed to achieve these capabilities in a way that is compatible with simulations using the HLA. The protocols and information flow structure are described, along with the architecture's design rationale, interest management rules, and plans for its implementation. The paper concludes with a description of potential for future development of WSIM, including adoption of the Command and Control Information Exchange Data Model (C2IEDM) and use of Overlay Multicast for data distribution.