gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
<scp>SERS</scp> Nanosensors and Nanoreporters: Golden Opportunities in Biomedical Applications (2014)

This article provides an overview of recent developments and applications of surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) nanosensors and nanoreporters in our laboratory for use in biochemical monitoring, medical diagnostics, and therapy. The design and fabrication of different types of plasmonics-active nanostructures are discussed. The SERS nanosensors can be used in various applications including pH sensing, protein detection, and gene diagnostics. For DNA detection the 'Molecular Sentinel' nanoprobe can be used as a homogenous bioassay in solution or on a chip platform. Gold nanostars provide an excellent multi-modality theranostic platform, combining Raman and SERS with two-photon luminescence (TPL) imaging as well as photodynamic therapy (PDT), and photothermal therapy (PTT). Plasmonics-enhanced and optically modulated delivery of nanostars into brain tumor in live animals was demonstrated; photothermal treatment of tumor vasculature may induce inflammasome activation, thus increasing the permeability of the blood brain-tumor barrier. The imaging method using TPL of gold nanostars provides an unprecedented spatial selectivity for enhanced targeted nanostar delivery to cortical tumor tissue. A quintuple-modality nanoreporter based on gold nanostars for SERS, TPL, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), computed tomography (CT), and PTT has recently been developed. The possibility of combining spectral selectivity and high sensitivity of the SERS process with the inherent molecular specificity of bioreceptor-based nanoprobes provides a unique multiplex and selective diagnostic modality. Several examples of optical detection using SERS in combination with other detection and treatment modalities are discussed to illustrate the usefulness and potential of SERS nanosensors and nanoreporters for medical applications.
GIPRdn transgenic pigs – a novel model for studying consequences of impaired incretin hormone function (2007)

The incretin effect delineates the phenomenon that an oral glucose load elicits a higher insulin response than does an intravenous glucose load. Responsible for this effect are two hormones, glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (GIP) and glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1). In patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus the overall incretin effect is reduced. This fact is mostly put down to an obviously lowered insulinotropic effect of GIP, while the effect of GLP-1 is vastly preserved. In order to better understand the consequences of impaired function of GIP, knockout mice lacking a functional GIP receptor (GIPR-/-) as well as transgenic mice expressing a dominant negative GIPR (GIPRdn) were established. While GIPR-/- mice show only relatively mild changes in glucose homeostasis, GIPRdn mice develop severe diabetes mellitus due to disturbed development of the endocrine pancreas. To further clarify the underlying mechanisms we generated transgenic pigs expressing a GIPRdn under the control of the rat Ins2 promoter (RIP). RIP-GIPRdn transgenic pigs develop normally and do not develop diabetes mellitus up to at least one year of age. However, similar as observed in GIPR-/- mice, RIP-GIPRdn transgenic pigs exhibited reduced insulin release and higher glucose levels in an oral glucose tolerance test than non-transgenic littermate controls. The area under the curve (AUC) for insulin was 49% smaller (p<0.01), the AUC for glucose 26% larger (p<0.05) in RIP-GIPRdn transgenic pigs (n=5) than in their non-transgenic littermate controls (n=5). These findings demonstrate that expression of a GIPRdn, which was shown by RT-PCR in isolated pancreatic islets, disturbs the function of GIP in transgenic pigs. Thus we have created a novel animal model, which is more similar to the human than the mouse physiology, for studying the roles of the GIP/GIPR system. Quantitative morphological studies of the pancreas are being performed to clarify whether islet development of RIP-GIPRdn transgenic pigs is disturbed like in the mouse model.
Staining-free, Automated Sperm Analysis for In Vitro Fertilization Lab Use (2022)

Automated sperm analysis revealed high reproducibility and reliability. The system is designed for routine use in in vitro fertilization labs to perform quantitative sperm analysis on live samples.
A Review of Prostaglandins and the Treatment of Tumor Metastasis (1983)

SummaryHematogenous metastasis is thought to be facilitated by the interaction of tumor cells with host platelets. The mechanism(s) by which such interactions facilitate metastasis is unknown. We have explored the possible relationships between arachidonic acid metabolism in tumor cell-induced platelet aggregation in vitro and tumor cell-platelet-vessel wall interaction in vivo. Our working hypothesis has been that the primary tumor, circulating tumor cells and membrane vesicles spontaneously shed from tumor cells alter the balance between thromboxane, a proaggregatory agent, produced by the platelet and prostacyclin, an antiaggregatory agent, produced by the vascular endothelium. In vitro we have demonstrated that prostacyclin inhibits aggregation of human platelet rich plasma induced by a variety of murine and rat tumors. Tumor cell induced-platelet aggregation occurred concomitantly with generation of thromboxane A2 and thromboxane synthetase inhibitors reduced platelet aggregation although much less effectively than did prostacyclin. In vivo we have demonstrated that both endogenous and exogenous prostacyclin reduce lung colony formation from tail-vein injected tumor cells. Nafazatrom, a drug believed to stimulate endogenous production of prostacyclin by the vascular wall, inhibited formation of lung colonies from tail-vein injected tumor cells and spontaneous pulmonary metastases from subcutaneous tumors.Platelet aggregating activity has been found in tumor cells, tumor cell shed membrane vesicles and in material extracted from tumor cell membranes.The identity of the platelet aggregating activity is not yet clear. We propose that one principle responsible for tumor cell-induced platelet aggregation and possibly for tumor cell procoagulant activity is a tumor cell-derived cathepsin B-like cysteine proteinase. We have shown that there was parallel inhibition of 15 16 amclanotic melanoma cathepsin B activity by selective inhibitors of cysteine proteinases. In addition, we have used papain, a plant cy steine proteinase, with 100% active site and active site groove sequence homology to cathepsin B as a mimicking agent for cathepsin B. Papain-induced platelet aggregation and papain cathepsin B-like enzyme activity were inhibited in parallel by selective cysteine proteinase inhibitors. Platelet aggregation induced by papain occurred concomitantly with generation of thromboxane A2 and was inhibited by prostacyclin.Collectively our studies indicate that selective manipulation of arachidonic acid metabolism could alter the tumor cell platelet-vessel wall interactions to decrease metastasis.
Extraction of Molybdenum and Vanadium from spent Desulfurization Catalyst (1983)

The extraction of molybdenum and vanadium from spent desulfurization catalyst was carried out by using sodium carbonate solution containing hydrogen peroxide. The leaching test was done under the following conditions; the range of sodium carbonate concentration from 10 to 200g/l, the range of hydrogen peroxide concentration from 0 to 6 %, pulp density range from 20 to 200g/l, leaching temperature range from 20 to 80°C and the range of leaching time from 5 to 240 minutes. In the leaching using only sodium carbonate solution, the extraction of metallic constituents was low. On the other hand, the addition of hydrogen peroxide as the oxidizing agent to the sodium carbonate solution increased the extraction of molybdenum and vanadium considerably, while nickel, cobalt and aluminium remainded in the residue. For instance, the extraction rates of the constituents on leaching at pulp density of 20g/l for 60 minutes in the mixed solution of 160g/l sodium carbonate and 6% hydrogen peroxide were 97.9% for Mo, 85.0% for V, 0.6% for Ni, 4.9% for Co and 1.9% for Al respectivelly. Consequently, in the mixed solution of sodium carbonate and hydrogen peroxide, both molybdenum and vanadium were selectively extracted from the spent desulfurization catalyst.
Optimized secondary path modeling technique for active noise control systems (2002)

This paper presents a secondary path modeling technique for active noise control (ANC) systems. The optimum delay for the adaptive prediction error filter to reduce the interference in system modeling is derived. This delay is determined by the length of the impulse response of the secondary path to be modeled. The modeling technique developed in this paper can be applied for both on-line and off-line modeling with faster convergence and higher modeling accuracy when primary noise and other interference exist.
Fertile and diploid nuclear transplants derived from embryonic cells of a small laboratory fish, medaka ( <i>Oryzias latipes</i> ) (2001)

Fertile and diploid nuclear transplants were successfully generated by using embryonic cells as donors in a small laboratory fish, medaka (Oryzias latipes). Embryonic cell nuclei from transgenic fish carrying the green fluorescent protein (GFP) gene were transplanted into unfertilized eggs enucleated by x-ray irradiation. In this study, 1 out of 588 eggs transplanted in the first experiment and 5 out of 298 eggs transplanted in the second experiment reached the adult stage. All of these nuclear transplants were fertile and diploid, and the natural and GFP markers of the donor nuclei were transmitted to the F(1) and F(2) offspring in a Mendelian fashion. This systematic study proves the feasibility of generating nuclear transplants by using embryonic cells from fish as donors, and it is supported by convincing evidence.
Preparation of a wide array of ultra-high purity metals, metal oxides, and mixed metal oxides with uniform particle sizes from 1 nm to bulk (2007)

In this paper, we discuss the materials that can now be produced using a novel method for producing large quantities of high-purity metal, metal oxide, and mixed-metal oxide particles. Particles are uniform in size with dimensions that can range from 1 nm to greater than 10μm. Extraordinarily crystalline particles as well as amorphous materials can be prepared. The metal oxides produced by this method include most of the metals and semi-metals found in the periodic table, including but not limited to the transition metals, rare earth metals, and the Groups I, II, and III metals of the Periodic Table. The mixed-metal oxides that can be produced by this method comprise any combination of the aforementioned metals. This new method allows control of the final oxidation state of the metal even to the extent of producing metals and metal combinations as indicated with the metal and mixed-metal oxides. A unique feature and advantage of the present method is the use of a simple process to prepare a vast array of metal oxides, mixed metal oxides, and metals with purity levels as high as 99.999+%, with tight control of the particle size, and in large quantities. The present method is also much lower in cost and more environmentally benign than other techniques currently available.
Novel BER improvement method for OFDM simulcast road vehicle communication system (2003)

When road to vehicle communication (RVC) is applied to an intelligent transport system (ITS), we sometimes need a larger or more complicated shaped radio zone than the usual dedicated short range communication (DSRC) system. One solution for extending the zone is to place another transmitter that sends the identical data to the original one. The OFDM capability of combining a number of delayed signals from each transmitter enables to adopt the same carrier frequency for every transmitter. However, in the overlap of two radio zones in such a single frequency system, the received power at a vehicle could drop sharply due to the interference of direct waves resulting in the occurrence of severe transmission errors. We propose a technique to control the constellation of each subcarrier to avoid this problem. We show, by computer simulations, that this technique is effective.
A Nano-Scale Module with Full Spin-Wave Interconnectivity for Integrated Circuits (2006)

In this paper, we present a nano-scale spin-wave-based fully interconnected architecture, in which each node can simultaneously broadcast to all other nodes, and can concurrently receive and process multiple data. This design allows nodes to intercommunicate in constant time, and has an O(N 2 ) area. Here, unlike traditional spin-based architectures that transmit charge, the information is encoded into the phase of spin waves. As a result of this, the presented nano-scale design may have low power consumption.
Group and Strain-Specific Neutralization Sites of Infectious Bursal Disease Virus Defined with Monoclonal Antibodies (1988)

Two somatic cell hybridizations were performed utilizing splenocytes from mice immunized with one or more strains of infectious bursal disease virus (IBDV). Supernatants from hybridoma cell lines were initially screened by the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) against multiple strains of IBDV. Cell lines that secreted antibodies with ELISA reactivity patterns of interest were cloned, and their monoclonal antibodies (MCAs) were subsequently tested in cross-virus-neutralization tests. Two of the nine MCAs selected exhibited strong neutralizing activity and precipitated IBDV antigens in agar gel precipitin tests as well. MCA B69 significantly neutralized only the cloned D78 strain of IBDV, whereas MCA R63 neutralized all IBDV strains (representing both serotype I and II viruses) against which it was tested. Results of competitive ELISAs that used the R63 and B69 MCAs showed that the two neutralization sites on the D78 strain were not overlapping.
Firewall Architectures for High-Speed Networks: Final Report (2007)

Firewalls are a key component for securing networks that are vital to government agencies and private industry. They enforce a security policy by inspecting and filtering traffic arriving or departing from a secure network. While performing these critical security operations, firewalls must act transparent to legitimate users, with little or no effect on the perceived network performance (QoS). Packets must be inspected and compared against increasingly complex rule sets and tables, which is a time-consuming process. As a result, current firewall systems can introduce significant delays and are unable to maintain QoS guarantees. Furthermore, firewalls are susceptible to Denial of Service (DoS) attacks that merely overload/saturate the firewall with illegitimate traffic. Current firewall technology only offers a short-term solution that is not scalable; therefore, the \textbf{objective of this DOE project was to develop new firewall optimization techniques and architectures} that meet these important challenges. Firewall optimization concerns decreasing the number of comparisons required per packet, which reduces processing time and delay. This is done by reorganizing policy rules via special sorting techniques that maintain the original policy integrity. This research is important since it applies to current and future firewall systems. Another method for increasing firewall performance is with new firewall designs. The architectures under investigation consist of multiple firewalls that collectively enforce a security policy. Our innovative distributed systems quickly divide traffic across different levels based on perceived threat, allowing traffic to be processed in parallel (beyond current firewall sandwich technology). Traffic deemed safe is transmitted to the secure network, while remaining traffic is forwarded to lower levels for further examination. The result of this divide-and-conquer strategy is lower delays for legitimate traffic, higher throughput, and traffic differentiation (a key component for maintaining QoS). Furthermore, the distributed design is scalable to traffic loads and is less susceptible to DoS attacks. Simulation and analytical results show these new architectures out-perform any current firewall system, providing higher throughput, lower delays, and predictable traffic differentiation.
A Smart Multicoil Inductively Coupled Array for Wireless Power Transmission (2014)

This paper presents a novel resonance-based multicoil array structure to wirelessly charge or power up apparatus, like smart phones, computer mouses, smart animal research systems, or implanted medical devices. The proposed array consists of a novel multicoil inductive link, whose primary resonator is made of several identical coil elements connected in parallel and arranged in an array. Such a structure presents several key features compared to previous inductive coil arrays. The proposed approach can do the following: 1) deliver power with superior efficiency over longer separation distances; 2) naturally track the receiver position and localize transmitted power through nearby coil array elements without the need for complex control and detection circuitry; and 3) accommodate either short- or long-range power transmission applications simply by slightly modifying the receiver topology. The performance of the proposed structure is verified by measurement results. In a three-coil configuration, the prototype provides a power transfer efficiency (PTE) of 83.3% and a power delivered to the load (PDL) of 3.87 W for a separation distance below 1 cm, while in a four-coil configuration, it provides a PTE of 76% and a PDL of 115 mW for a separation distance of 4 cm.
Construction of <i>Escherichia coli</i> Strains for Conversion of Nitroacetophenones to <i>ortho</i> -Aminophenols (2003)

ABSTRACT The predominant bacterial pathway for nitrobenzene (NB) degradation uses an NB nitroreductase and hydroxylaminobenzene (HAB) mutase to form the ring-fission substrate ortho -aminophenol. We tested the hypothesis that constructed strains might accumulate the aminophenols from nitroacetophenones and other nitroaromatic compounds. We constructed a recombinant plasmid carrying NB nitroreductase ( nbzA ) and HAB mutase A ( habA ) genes, both from Pseudomonas pseudoalcaligenes JS45, and expressed the enzymes in Escherichia coli JS995. IPTG (isopropyl-β- d -thiogalactopyranoside)-induced cells of strain JS995 rapidly and stoichiometrically converted NB to 2-aminophenol, 2-nitroacetophenone (2NAP) to 2-amino-3-hydroxyacetophenone (2AHAP), and 3-nitroacetophenone (3NAP) to 3-amino-2-hydroxyacetophenone (3AHAP). We constructed another recombinant plasmid containing the nitroreductase gene ( nfs1 ) from Enterobacter cloacae and habA from strain JS45 and expressed the enzymes in E. coli JS996. Strain JS996 converted NB to 2-aminophenol, 2-nitrotoluene to 2-amino-3-methylphenol, 3-nitrotoluene to 2-amino-4-methylphenol, 4-nitrobiphenyl ether to 4-amino-5-phenoxyphenol, and 1-nitronaphthalene to 2-amino-1-naphthol. In larger-scale biotransformations catalyzed by strain JS995, 75% of the 2NAP transformed was converted to 2AHAP, whereas 3AHAP was produced stoichiometrically from 3NAP. The final yields of the aminophenols after extraction and recovery were >64%. The biocatalytic synthesis of ortho -aminophenols from nitroacetophenones suggests that strain JS995 may be useful in the biocatalytic production of a variety of substituted ortho -aminophenols from the corresponding nitroaromatic compounds.
Ultrasound parametric imaging of bone in vivo (2002)

The measurement of ultrasound frequency-dependent attenuation and velocity is a new technique of investigation of skeletal status. An ultrasound transmission scanning system was constructed to make in vivo parametric images of the acoustic properties of the heel. Images were obtained in transmit mode by using a pair of broadband focused transducers (center frequency 0.5 MHz, diameter 29 mm, focus 50 mm) immersed in a water bath at room temperature. The total duration of the acquisition period was 3 minutes. Comparison between the image of the slope of attenuation and the X-ray radiograph of the calcaneus was possible in one case. All the anatomical details could be identified on both images. The images reported here demonstrate the wide range of values of slope of attenuation found in the bone thus reinforcing the idea of tremendous heterogeneity of the acoustic properties of bone. This suggest that the accurate control of the position of the measurement site is of the utmost importance for between subject comparison and for repetitive measurements.
Histopathogenesis of malignant skin melanoma induced in genetically susceptible transgenic mice. (1993)

Animal models of human malignant skin melanoma were created in melanoma-susceptible inbred-strain transgenic mice by grafting skin from donors of high-susceptibility lines to hosts of a low-susceptibility line, thereby overcoming the problem of early death of the more susceptible animals from eye melanomas. As already described [Mintz, B. & Silvers, W. K. (1993) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 90, 8817-8821], melanocytes within the grafts selectively proliferated in close proximity to areas of greatest wound healing, presumably in response to mitogenic factors from cells contributing to wound repair. An orderly sequence of externally visible events culminated in malignant melanoma. We examine here the histogenetic concomitants of these changes and find that they define a stepwise sequence strikingly comparable to that leading to human cutaneous melanoma. Moreover, the histological details suggest some of the underlying mechanisms. While the early lesions are first seen in the superficial dermis in the mouse, and in the basal layer of the epidermis in the human, both progress by radial growth followed by vertical growth. Melanocytic hyperplasia resulted in nests of densely melanized fusiform cells which were losing their dendrites. Some discrete lesions in the deep dermis appeared as blue nevi. As radial proliferation advanced, cellular atypia increased and the previously independent melanocytes cohered closely and formed a small solid tumor; the cells were usually then hypomelanotic or amelanotic. Ulceration of tumor through the epidermis occurred early. The tumor mass grew rapidly in the deep dermis and invaded and destroyed subcutaneous tissue and muscle. Primary tumors in the skin were often heterogeneous, with lobules or regions differing in pigmentation or atypia. However, the cells in circulating emboli, or in metastases in lymph nodes and lungs, appeared relatively homogeneous. These genetically uniform transgenic mouse models provide experimental access to the multistage genesis of melanoma.
A Portable Gamma Dose-Rate Meter for Survival Use. (1976)

A miniature gamma dose-rate meter is described which uses three differently coloured flashing light emitting diodes to cover the dose-rate range 0.1 to 100 R/h. This low cost instrument has considerable potential as a survival instrument for both military and civilian application.
Enzyme immunoassay measurement of thymosin beta 4 in human serum. (1988)

An enzyme immunoassay (EIA) for measurement of human serum thymosin beta 4 is described. Antiserum to synthetic thymosin beta 4, raised in rabbits, is incubated with a standard or serum. The unbound antibody in liquid-phase then binds with solid-phase thymosin beta 4. The EIA is both sensitive and accurate and is capable of detecting as little as 2.5 ng/ml thymosin beta 4 in serum. No cross-reactivity was observed with common serum proteins or other putative thymic hormones. High-performance liquid chromatography of serum samples reveals a single thymosin beta 4 peak that corresponds to the authentic thymosin beta 4 peak in the standard. Human serum levels range from 3 to 82 ng/ml in 142 healthy adult human volunteers. Newborn cord serum levels of thymosin beta 4 are lower than in adults.