gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Fast X-Ray Sum Calculation Algorithm for Computed Tomography Problem (2020)

In iterative methods of computed tomography, each iteration requires to calculate a multitude of sums over values for the current reconstruction approximation. Each summable set is an approximation of a straight line in the three-dimensional space. In a cone-beam tomography, the number of sums to be calculated on each iteration has a cubic dependence on the linear size of the reconstructed image. Direct calculation of these sums requires the number of summations in a quartic dependence on the linear image size, which limits the performance of the iterative methods. The novel algorithm proposed in this paper approximates the three-dimensional straight lines using dyadic patterns, and, using the adjustment of precalculation and inference complexity similar to the adjustment employed in the Method of Four Russians, provides the calculation of these sums with a sub-quartic dependence on the linear size of the reconstructed image.
Clinical and Biomarker Changes in Dominantly Inherited Alzheimer's Disease (2012)

as the completely reversible nature of the symptoms, suggests that the abnormal plasma-cell clone and monoclonal gammopathy are the likely cause of the TEMPI syndrome.Efforts to identify the antigenic target of the paraprotein are under way.We suspect that there exist other patients with the TEMPI syndrome -as well as patients with other disorders -whose symptoms might be explained by a plasma-cell dyscrasia or underlying monoclonal gammopathy.We welcome any reader insights into this unusual syndrome.
VE-cadherin simultaneously stimulates and inhibits cell proliferation by altering cytoskeletal structure and tension (2003)

Engagement of vascular endothelial (VE)-cadherin leads to the cessation of proliferation commonly known as 'contact inhibition'. We show that VE-cadherin inhibits growth by mediating changes in cell adhesion to the extracellular matrix. Increasing cell-cell contact decreased cell spreading and proliferation, which was reversed by blocking engagement of VE-cadherin. Using a new system to prevent the cadherin-induced changes in cell spreading, we revealed that VE-cadherin paradoxically increased proliferation. Treating cells with inhibitors of PKC and MEK abrogated the stimulatory signal at concentrations that disrupted the formation of actin fibers across the cell-cell contact. Directly disrupting actin fibers, blocking actin-myosin-generated tension, or inhibiting signaling through Rho specifically inhibited the cadherin-induced proliferative signal. By progressively altering the degree to which cell-cell contact inhibited cell spreading, we show that cell-cell contact ultimately increased or decreased the overall proliferation rate of the population by differentially shifting the balance between the two opposing proliferative cues. The existence of opposing growth signals induced by VE-cadherin that are both mediated through crosstalk with cytoskeletal structure highlights the complex interplay of mechanical and chemical signals with which cells navigate in their physical microenvironment.
Experimental investigation of the deformable mirror with bidirectional thermal actuators (2015)

A deformable mirror with actuators of thermoelectric coolers (TECs) is introduced in this paper. Due to the bidirectional thermal actuation property of the TEC, both upward and downward surface control is available for the DM. The response functions of the actuators are investigated. A close-loop wavefront control experiment is performed too, where the defocus and the astigmatism were corrected. The results reveal that there is a promising prospect for the novel design to be used in corrections of static aberrations, such as in the Inertial Confinement Fusion (ICF).
Conductive thin films and membranes their scientific foundations and industrial applications (pt. 2) (1990)

Abstract Beside the fundamental studies on polymerization processes, conduction mechanism and chemical stability of conductive polymers, attention was focused on the application feasibilities of these materials. Although the major application of conducting polymers was suggested in several types of advanced energy conversion and storage devices, their specific features such as plasticity, thin film fabrication with ease, chromatic contrast and the like offers ample possibilities for the utilization of such materials in many instances of modern technology. Consequently, among several conductive polymers investigated, in this communication, as part of a project work, perfluorosulfonate ionomer (e.g. Nafion) and polyaniline modified electrodes were taken into account. Typical examples of application, such as in fuel cells and chlor‐alkali membrane cells etc., are provided. Characterization and performances of the material as well as the kinetics and mechanism of the corresponding reactions are briefly considered. In the case of polyaniline, the electropolymerization process, characterization of the product film, its application in high energy density Li‐batteries together with the kinetics and mechanism of polymer doping, the charge‐discharge reactions, including the parameters affecting the cell efficiencies, are discussed in some details. Merits and problem of the process and corresponding devices are pointed out. A cell having the configuration Pb/PbO 2 /H 2 SO 4 /PAN/Pt was constructed, accordingly various characteristics of the electrode materials and cell system are extensively discussed.
A Common Interface for Bluetooth-based Health Monitoring Devices (2013)

Due to the late introduction of relevant communication standards, Bluetooth-based health equipment manufacturers often use proprietary data structures and protocols. Monitoring a particular disease typically requires to keep track of multiple vital parameters, often measured by many independent devices. In practice, these devices are provided by different vendors, which causes the need to use separate, dedicated software to exchange data. Therefore, there is a need for a common interface for Bluetooth-based health monitoring equipment. In order to enable unified control over various sensors, we developed an adapter service for Android-based mobile devices. It provides a secure protocol, based on JSON and HTTPS, which relays the measurements from the sensors to a central medical server. Collected data records can be exported to the HL7 standard, which facilitates cooperation with existing services. Our medical data exchange interface was tested on various Android-based smartphones, from the most popular vendors. The experimental setup involved several monitors and sensors, both CHA-compliant and not. The described solution allows for multiple, concurrent connections with several medical devices. It eliminates the need to use independent software for each of the sensors.
A Factor 5 water saving with a cooling systems innovation (2009)

Melbourne-based manufacturer Muller Industries Australia’s new cooling system saves 80 per cent of the average water usage in commercial office buildings that use water-based cooling towers.
Treatment of low back pain with a herbal or synthetic anti-rheumatic: a randomized controlled study. Willow bark extract for low back pain (2001)

There was no significant difference in effectiveness between the two treatments at the doses chosen. Treatment with Assalix was less expensive.
Conus Venoms: A Rich Source of Neuroactive Peptides (1985)

Purification of toxins from the venoms of two fish-hunting gastropod cone snails, Conus geographus and Conus magus has revealed the presence of three classes of paralytic peptide toxins. These are: 1) the w-conotoxins, which block voltage activated calcium channels at the presynaptic terminus; 2) the α-conotoxins, which block the acetylcholine receptor and 3) the ω-conotoxins, which inhibit muscle sodium channels, and therefore prevent propagation of the muscle action potential. These toxins are basic peptides from 13–27 amino acids long, rich in cystine residues which are present as disulfides. A number of α-conotoxins and one a-conotoxin have been chemically synthesized.In addition to the paralytic conotoxins, the venoms of Conus have other toxins which have not yet been completely characterized. A large number of neuroactive peptides and proteins have also been found. Since there are approximately 300 species of Conus, all of which produce venoms, the cone snails promise to be a rich source of neuroactive peptides in the years ahead.
OCCUPATIONAL ACTIVITY AND OSTEOARTHRITIS OF THE KNEE (1993)

OBJECTIVES--To test the hypothesis that specific occupational physical activities are risk factors for knee osteoarthritis (OA). METHODS--A population-based case-control study of knee osteoarthritis was carried out in which 109 men and women with painful, radiographically confirmed knee OA were compared with 218 age and sex matched controls who had not suffered knee pain and had normal radiographs. Information collected included a lifetime occupational history and details of specific workplace physical activities. RESULTS--After adjustment for obesity and Heberden's nodes, the risk of knee OA was significantly elevated in subjects whose main job entailed more than 30 minutes per day squatting (OR 6.9, 95% CI 1.8-26.4) or kneeling (OR 3.4, 95% CI 1.3-9.1), or climbing more than ten flights of stairs per day (OR 2.7, 95% CI 1.2-6.1). The increase in risk associated with kneeling or squatting appeared to be more marked in subjects whose jobs entailed heavy lifting, but the size of the study did not permit precise delineation of any such interaction. CONCLUSIONS--These data suggest that prolonged or repeated knee bending is a risk factor for knee OA, and that risk may be higher in jobs which entail both knee bending and mechanical loading.
Quantum Nonlinear Optics with a Germanium-Vacancy Color Center in a Nanoscale Diamond Waveguide (2017)

We demonstrate a quantum nanophotonics platform based on germanium-vacancy (GeV) color centers in fiber-coupled diamond nanophotonic waveguides. We show that GeV optical transitions have a high quantum efficiency and are nearly lifetime broadened in such nanophotonic structures. These properties yield an efficient interface between waveguide photons and a single GeV center without the use of a cavity or slow-light waveguide. As a result, a single GeV center reduces waveguide transmission by 18±1% on resonance in a single pass. We use a nanophotonic interferometer to perform homodyne detection of GeV resonance fluorescence. By probing the photon statistics of the output field, we demonstrate that the GeV-waveguide system is nonlinear at the single-photon level.
The Measurement of Particle Sizes Below 0.1 Micrometers (1985)

The paper examines the size domain of particles below 0.3 μm with considerable emphasis on the 0.1 μm and below size range, encompassing the size range of molecules and nuclei which have been described as Rayleigh and Mie scatterers, respectively, after the individuals first responsible for theoretical treatment of the optical scattering properties. Contamination control for critical manufacturing environments is emphasized. Theoretical limits of detection using available lasers are defined and instrumental techniques resulting from compromises reached in their practical application are described. Discussion focuses on aerosol and is extended to include liquids and surfaces.
Bibliographic review, systematic status, and biogeographic notes on Korean and far east Russian stoneflies (Insecta: Plecoptera) with their new Korean records (1998)

Comprehensive bibliographic sources of Plecoptera systematics in Korea and Far East Russia were provided. Systematic status and distributional features of stoneflies in those areas were also discussed. Based on comprehensive type and non‐type material examinations in those areas, new synonymies of Sweltsa colorata Zhiltzova and Levanidova, 1978 [= Sweltsa nikkoensis (Okamoto), 1912] and Capnia KUa (Yoon and Aw, 1986) [=Paracapnia recta Zhiltzova, 1984] were established; and the following species were newly recorded from Korea: Taenionema japonicum (Okamoto), Paraleuctra cercia (Okamoto), Leuctra fusca (Linnaeus), Eucapnopsis stigmatica Okamoto, Paracapnia recta Zhiltzova, Nemoura jezoensis (Okamoto), Stavsolus japonicus (Okamoto), Isoperla flavescens Zhiltzova and Potikha, Alloperla joosti Zwick, A rostellata (Klapalek), Sweltsa nikkoensis (Okamoto), and S. lepnevae Zhiltzova
TABLA: A unified template-based framework for accelerating statistical machine learning (2016)

A growing number of commercial and enterprise systems increasingly rely on compute-intensive Machine Learning (ML) algorithms. While the demand for these compute-intensive applications is growing, the performance benefits from general-purpose platforms are diminishing. Field Programmable Gate Arrays (FPGAs) provide a promising path forward to accommodate the needs of machine learning algorithms and represent an intermediate point between the efficiency of ASICs and the programmability of general-purpose processors. However, acceleration with FPGAs still requires long development cycles and extensive expertise in hardware design. To tackle this challenge, instead of designing an accelerator for a machine learning algorithm, we present TABLA, a framework that generates accelerators for a class of machine learning algorithms. The key is to identify the commonalities across a wide range of machine learning algorithms and utilize this commonality to provide a high-level abstraction for programmers. TABLA leverages the insight that many learning algorithms can be expressed as a stochastic optimization problem. Therefore, learning becomes solving an optimization problem using stochastic gradient descent that minimizes an objective function over the training data. The gradient descent solver is fixed while the objective function changes for different learning algorithms. TABLA provides a template-based framework to accelerate this class of learning algorithms. Therefore, a developer can specify the learning task by only expressing the gradient of the objective function using our high-level language. Tabla then automatically generates the synthesizable implementation of the accelerator for FPGA realization using a set of hand-optimized templates. We use Tabla to generate accelerators for ten different learning tasks targeted at a Xilinx Zynq FPGA platform. We rigorously compare the benefits of FPGA acceleration to multi-core CPUs (ARM Cortex A15 and Xeon E3) and many-core GPUs (Tegra K1, GTX 650 Ti, and Tesla K40) using real hardware measurements. TABLA-generated accelerators provide 19.4x and 2.9x average speedup over the ARM and Xeon processors, respectively. These accelerators provide 17.57x, 20.2x, and 33.4x higher Performance-per-Watt in comparison to Tegra, GTX 650 Ti and Tesla, respectively. These benefits are achieved while the programmers write less than 50 lines of code.
Variable Selection via Partial Correlation (2017)

Partial correlation based variable selection method was proposed for normal linear regression models by Bühlmann, Kalisch and Maathuis (2010) as a comparable alternative method to regularization methods for variable selection. This paper addresses two important issues related to partial correlation based variable selection method: (a) whether this method is sensitive to normality assumption, and (b) whether this method is valid when the dimension of predictor increases in an exponential rate of the sample size. To address issue (a), we systematically study this method for elliptical linear regression models. Our finding indicates that the original proposal may lead to inferior performance when the marginal kurtosis of predictor is not close to that of normal distribution. Our simulation results further confirm this finding. To ensure the superior performance of partial correlation based variable selection procedure, we propose a thresholded partial correlation (TPC) approach to select significant variables in linear regression models. We establish the selection consistency of the TPC in the presence of ultrahigh dimensional predictors. Since the TPC procedure includes the original proposal as a special case, our theoretical results address the issue (b) directly. As a by-product, the sure screening property of the first step of TPC was obtained. The numerical examples also illustrate that the TPC is competitively comparable to the commonly-used regularization methods for variable selection.
Interactions of GIPC with Dopamine D<sub>2</sub>, D<sub>3</sub>but not D<sub>4</sub>Receptors Define a Novel Mode of Regulation of G Protein-coupled Receptors (2003)

The C-terminus domain of G protein-coupled receptors confers a functional cytoplasmic interface involved in protein association. By screening a rat brain cDNA library using the yeast two-hybrid system with the C-terminus domain of the dopamine D(3) receptor (D(3)R) as bait, we characterized a new interaction with the PDZ domain-containing protein, GIPC (GAIP interacting protein, C terminus). This interaction was specific for the dopamine D(2) receptor (D(2)R) and D(3)R, but not for the dopamine D(4) receptor (D(4)R) subtype. Pull-down and affinity chromatography assays confirmed this interaction with recombinant and endogenous proteins. Both GIPC mRNA and protein are widely expressed in rat brain and together with the D(3)R in neurons of the islands of Calleja at plasma membranes and in vesicles. GIPC reduced D(3)R signaling, cointernalized with D(2)R and D(3)R, and sequestered receptors in sorting vesicles to prevent their lysosomal degradation. Through its dimerization, GIPC acts as a selective scaffold protein to assist receptor functions. Our results suggest a novel function for GIPC in the maintenance, trafficking, and signaling of GPCRs.
Predicting the risk of documented ventilator-associated pneumonia for benchmarking: Construction and validation of a score* (2009)

: The ventilator-associated pneumonia rate may be useful for benchmarking provided the ratio of observed over theoretical rates is used. External validation of our prediction score is needed.
Planar Dielectric Accelerator Structures at W-band (2000)

We describe the operating principles, design, fabrication, assembly, and bench-test of a miniature planar dielectric traveling-wave accelerator structure made from dielectric brazed to oxygen-free electronic grade (OFE) copper. This work focuses on alumina ceramic (AL995) and diamond as dielectrics. This two-port device is matched to WR10 at input and output, and designed for charged particle acceleration at 91.392 GHz (W-band).
Low-intensity repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation requires concurrent visual system activity to modulate visual evoked potentials in adult mice (2018)

Repetitive transcranial stimulation (rTMS) is an increasingly popular method to non-invasively modulate cortical excitability in research and clinical settings. During rTMS, low-intensity magnetic fields reach areas perifocal to the target brain region, however, effects of these low-intensity (LI-) fields and how they interact with ongoing neural activity remains poorly defined. We evaluated whether coordinated neural activity during electromagnetic stimulation alters LI-rTMS effects on cortical excitability by comparing visually evoked potentials (VEP) and densities of parvalbumin-expressing (PV+) GABAergic interneurons in adult mouse visual cortex after LI-rTMS under different conditions: LI-rTMS applied during visually evoked (strong, coordinated) activity or in darkness (weak, spontaneous activity).We also compared response to LI-rTMS in wildtype and ephrin-A2A5<sup>-/-</sup> mice, which have visuotopic anomalies thought to disrupt coherence of visually-evoked cortical activity. Demonstrating that LI-rTMS effects in V1 require concurrent sensory-evoked activity, LI-rTMS delivered during visually-evoked activity increased PV+ immunoreactivity in both genotypes; however, VEP peak amplitudes changed only in wildtypes, consistent with intracortical disinhibition. We show, for the first time, that neural activity and the degree of coordination in cortical population activity interact with LI-rTMS to alter excitability in a context-dependent manner.
Promotive and Inhibitory Effects of Raw Starch Adsorbable Fragments from Pancreatic α-Amylase on Enzymatic Digestions of Raw Starch (1991)

The enzymatically inactive but raw-starch-adsorbable peptide fragments designated as Gp-pan P and Gp-pan I were obtained from a tryptic digest of heat-inactivated hog pancreatic α-amylase. These two glycopeptide fragments were purified with Sephadex G-75, DEAE-Sephadex A-50, and HPLC and were found to be homogeneous on disc gel electrophoresis. Gp-pan P and I had molecular weights of 20,000 and 30,000 with SDS-PAGE, carbohydrate contents of 10% and 7%, N-terminal amino acids Gly-Trp and Ala-Val, and C-terminal amino acids Gly-Arg and Ile-Lys. Gp-pan P had promotive but Gp-pan I inhibitory effects on raw starch digestion by Aspergillus awamori var. kawachi glucoamylase I and Bacillus subtilis 65 α-amylase.
Tyrosine Phosphorylation of α-Actinin in Activated Platelets (1999)

The integrin alpha(IIb)beta(3) mediates tyrosine phosphorylation of a 105-kDa protein (pp105) in activated platelets. We have partially purified a 105-kDa tyrosine-phosphorylated protein from platelets stimulated with phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate and obtained the sequence of an internal 12-mer peptide derived from this protein. The sequence was identical to human alpha-actinin sequences deposited in the Swiss Protein Database. alpha-Actinin, a 105-kDa protein in platelets, was subsequently purified from activated platelets by four sequential chromatographic steps. Fractions were analyzed by Western blotting and probed with alpha-actinin and anti-phosphotyrosine antibodies. The distribution of alpha-actinin and pp105 overlapped throughout the purification. Furthermore, in the course of this purification, a 105-kDa tyrosine-phosphorylated protein was only detected in fractions that contained alpha-actinin. The purified alpha-actinin protein was immunoprecipitated with antibodies to phosphotyrosine in the absence but not in the presence of phenyl phosphate. alpha-Actinin resolved by two-dimensional gel electrophoresis of activated platelet lysates was recognized by the antibodies to phosphotyrosine, whereas pretreatment of the platelets with bisindolylmaleimide, a protein kinase C inhibitor that prevents tyrosine phosphorylation of pp105, inhibited the reactivity of the antibodies to phosphotyrosine with alpha-actinin. Taken together, these data demonstrate that a fraction of alpha-actinin is tyrosine-phosphorylated in activated platelets.
Mining User Mobility Features for Next Place Prediction in Location-Based Services (2012)

Mobile location-based services are thriving, providing an unprecedented opportunity to collect fine grained spatio-temporal data about the places users visit. This multi-dimensional source of data offers new possibilities to tackle established research problems on human mobility, but it also opens avenues for the development of novel mobile applications and services. In this work we study the problem of predicting the next venue a mobile user will visit, by exploring the predictive power offered by different facets of user behavior. We first analyze about 35 million check-ins made by about 1 million Foursquare users in over 5 million venues across the globe, spanning a period of five months. We then propose a set of features that aim to capture the factors that may drive users' movements. Our features exploit information on transitions between types of places, mobility flows between venues, and spatio-temporal characteristics of user check-in patterns. We further extend our study combining all individual features in two supervised learning models, based on linear regression and M5 model trees, resulting in a higher overall prediction accuracy. We find that the supervised methodology based on the combination of multiple features offers the highest levels of prediction accuracy: M5 model trees are able to rank in the top fifty venues one in two user check-ins, amongst thousands of candidate items in the prediction list.