gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Generalized Approach for Modeling the Nonlinear Hysteretic Response of Reservoir Media (2008)

Significant progress has been made recently in the numerical simulation of heterogeneous reservoir media. One of the fundamental reasons for the hysteretic nonlinear behavior of porous reservoir media is that heterogeneous or damaged materials contain an enormous number of mesoscopic features such as microcracks and macrocracks, joints, and grain to grain contacts containing multiple phases. Each of these mesoscopic units exhibits a hysteretic behavior which dominates the macroscopic reservoir response. Based on the work of Preisach and Mayergoyz (P-M space model), Coleman and Hodgdon, a generalized phenomenological model has been developed to describe the hysteretic nonlinear response of capillary pressure and relative permeability. The proposed approach enables the description of active hysteresis by the solution of either a differential or an integral equation. The model focuses on the correct representation of the primary drainage (forced), the imbibition (spontaneous and forced), the secondary drainage (spontaneous and forced) curves and scanning curves. The functions and parameters used in the model can be fine-tuned to match different experimental data or can be used as history matching parameters. It is shown that the proposed model incorporates the Killough type hysteresis as one analytical solution. The differential form of the proposed model allows a smooth transition of both relative permeability and capillary pressures from drainage-to-imbibition or imbibition-to-drainage states and requires minimum storage of parameters during the simulation. Validation of the model indicates that the proposed hysteresis model is stable and robust. The results are presented and discussed and future studies outlined.
Joint Access-Selection and Power Allocation for Spectrum Sharing Cognitive Radio Networks (2016)

Dynamic spectrum access via active spectrum sharing has been considered as a promising approach to improve the spectrum utilization for future wireless systems. In this paper, based on our recent study on the optimal transmit-power allocation for an active spectrum sharing system comprised of single primary-user (PU) and multiple secondary-users (SUs) [7], we move a further step to investigate a more challenging scenario comprised of multiple PUs and multiple SUs. Specifically, we formulate a joint SU-selection and power allocation problem, in which the PUs properly select different groups of SUs to share channels with and the PUs and SUs then determine the proper transmit- powers. We aim at maximizing a system reward for serving the SUs' traffic while trading off the PUs' additional power consumptions to guarantee their required quality of service (QoS). We exploit the layered structure of the joint optimization problem and propose an efficient algorithm to solve it. Numerical results are provided to validate performances of the proposed algorithm and show advantages of performing the joint SU-selection and power allocation in active spectrum sharing.
A new method for the rapid identification of genes encoding restriction and modification enzymes (1991)

We have constructed derivatives of Escherichia coli that can be used for the rapid identification of recombinant plasmids encoding DNA restriction enzymes and methyltransferases. The induction of the DNA-damage inducible SOS response by the Mcr and Mrr systems, in the presence of methylated DNA, is used to select plasmids encoding DNA methyltransferases. The strains of E. coli that we have constructed are temperature-sensitive for the Mcr and Mrr systems and have been further modified to include a lacZ gene fused to the damage-inducible dinD locus of E. coli. The detection of recombinant plasmids encoding DNA methyltransferases and restriction enzymes is a simple, one step procedure that is based on the induction at the restrictive temperature of the lacZ gene. Transformants encoding DNA methyltransferase genes are detected on LB agar plates supplemented with X-gal as blue colonies. Using this method, we have cloned a variety of DNA methyltransferase genes from diverse species such as Neisseria, Haemophilus, Treponema, Pseudomonas, Xanthomonas and Saccharopolyspora.
Vessel to Image Registration using Rigid and Elastic Transformations (2003)

Abstract. Several recent studies demonstrate a real potential in taking tubular structures as a base for image registration. In this paper, we present a novel technique to conduct deformations on tubular structures. Our approach aligns a pre-extracted tubular model, e.g. vessels inside an organ or a set of bones, with an image by combining both rigid and elastic transformations. The physical structure and properties of the tubes are taken into account to drive the registration process. This model to image registration shows sub-voxel accuracy as well as robustness to noise and a convergence time of less than one minute. 1
Distributed Space-Frequency Coding in Broadband Ad Hoc Networks (2007)

A distributed space-frequency (SF) coded cooperative technique is proposed for broadband wireless ad-hoc networks. By employing an SF coding at the source node and a circular shift at each relay node, the proposed cooperative diversity technique can exploit the maximum relay diversity and multipath diversity. Pairwise error probability analysis shows that the achievable diversity gain is min (ML <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">1</sub> , ML <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> ), where M is the number of the relay nodes, and L <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">1</sub> and L <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> are the number of taps of the multipath fading channels from the source node to the relay nodes and from the relay nodes to the destination node, respectively.
The use of network-based migrating user agents for personal communication services (1995)

Proposes the use of a network-based agent that represents mobile users in a personal communication services (PCS) environment. The agent, called a user process, performs all the complex signalling functions on behalf of the mobile terminal, thus reducing the amount of signalling traffic that must travel over the valuable air interface. To achieve low call establishment delays, we propose migrating the user process as the mobile terminal moves. We examine three process migration techniques and determine the one mechanism that is most suited to our needs.
Functionality of Low Fat Mozzarella Cheese (1996)

Low fat Mozzarella cheese was made from milks containing casein to fat ratios of 3.0, 5.0, 7.0, and 8.0. Prior to addition of rennet, milk was pasteurized at 79C for 28 s and then acidified to pH 6.0 with lactic acid. Three replicates of each cheese were made in 7-L vats and stored at 4C. Functional properties as pizza cheese were evaluated. Cheese moisture and fat contents were evaluated at 1 d. Apparent viscosity and extent of flow of melted cheese, cook color, and proteolysis were evaluated at 1, 7, 14, and 28 d. Moisture content measured by a rapid microwave oven method underestimated the moisture content of low fat cheeses; probable moisture was calculated by component analysis. The part-skim Mozzarella control with 19% fat had a moisture content of 51%; the moisture contents of the low fat cheeses containing 2 to 5% fat were 63%. Low fat cheeses did not melt as well as did the part-skim Mozzarella cheese, although the differences between the cheeses with 2 and 5% fat were insignificant. Storage for 28 d only marginally increased the meltability of low fat cheese. Lower fat content also increased cook color. The amount of intact aS-CN decreased by at least 48% in all cheeses as a result of proteolysis during 28 d of storage.
Reliability Demonstration of a Ferroelectric Random Access Memory Embedded within a 130nm CMOS Process (2007)

Reliable operation of a 4 Mb ferroelectric random access memory (FRAM) embedded within a standard 130 nm CMOS process is demonstrated. Intrinsic endurance test to 5.4×10 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">12</sup> cycles shows no degradation of switched polarization. 10 year, 85degC, data retention life is demonstrated with 125°C data bake to 1,000 Hrs with no fails.
Investigation of the homogeneity of the distribution of sunscreen formulations on the human skin: characterization and comparison of two different methods (2006)

The efficacy of sun protection, mostly realized by the application of sunscreen formulations, is commonly described by the sun protection factor (SPF). Previous investigations have shown that the efficacy of the sun protection inter alia depends on the homogeneity of the distribution of the topically applied sunscreen formulation on the human skin. Therefore, suitable methods are required to determine the homogeneity of topically applied substances on the skin surface. This study provides and compares two different methods, which enable this determination. Laser scanning microscopy allows the analysis of tape strips removed from skin treated with a sunscreen. These reflect the inhomogeneous distribution on the skin that can complementary be determined directly, utilizing a dermatological laser scanning microscope. For the second method, a chromatic confocal setup was utilized, which enables the study of the microtopography of skin replicas before and after the application of a sunscreen product. The two methods were applied for the evaluation of three different sunscreen formulations for each method. A correlation of the homogeneity of distribution with the in vivo SPF could be confirmed. Both methods are suitable to investigate the homogeneity of the tested sunscreen formulations, although they provide different advantages and disadvantages.
Design and synthesis of ferroelectric liquid crystals. 22. side-by-side dimers for nonlinear optics (1996)

Abstract Possessing excellent processibility on silicon integrated circuits and a thermodynamically stable polar supermolecular structure, chiral smectic C (C*) ferroelectric liquid crystals (FLCs) are promising materials for use in ultra-fast (>500 MHz) integrated electro-optic modulators. In order to realize this promise, however, it is necessary to obtain FLC materials with values of the electronic second order nonlinear optical (NLO) susceptibility χ(2) larger than have been reported to date. One way to achieve this goal is to obtain orientation of “large β” organic functional arrays, composed of two rings with a conjugating spacer unit, along the polar axis in the C* phase. Such long molecular groupings, however, typically orient along the director in LC phases, normal to the C* polar axis. We present herein the results of the initial investigation of an approach for achieving large χ(2) in FLCs. In this case orientation of the prototypical large β chromophore found in the dye Disperse Red 1 (DR1) is achieved by incorporation of the chromophore into a side-by-side dimer structure. Characterization of C* mixtures incorporating the new dopant at concentrations up to 30% by weight shows that indeed the DR1 chromophore can be oriented along the polar axis in FLCs with a moderate degree of polar stereocontrol.
In Vitro Activity of Bisquinoline WR268,668 Against African Clones and Isolates of Plasmodium falciparum (1994)

The in vitro activity of a new bisquinoline, WR268,668, was determined against chloroquine-susceptible and chloroquine-resistant African clones and isolates of Plasmodium falciparum using an isotopic semimicro drug susceptibility assay. The chloroquine-resistant clone (mean 50% inhibitory concentration [IC50] = 61.2 nM) was 11 times less susceptible to WR268,668 than the chloroquine-susceptible clone (IC50 = 5.75 nM). A similar result was obtained with fresh clinical isolates, with the chloroquine-susceptible isolates (IC50 = 5.36 nM, n = 11) being significantly (P < 0.05) more susceptible to WR268,668 than the chloroquine-resistant isolates (IC50 = 16.1 nM, n = 18). The compound WR268,668 exhibited a high activity against some moderately chloroquine-resistant isolates. There was a significant positive correlation between the in vitro responses to chloroquine and WR268,668 (r = 0.904, P < 0.05). Combinations of WR268,668 and desipramine, a chloroquine efflux inhibitor, showed that resistance to WR268,668 can be reversed against the chloroquine-resistant clone and that desipramine has no effect on the activity of WR268,668 against the chloroquine-susceptible clone. The results of the study indicate the presence of cross-resistance between chloroquine and WR268,668, and suggest that the basis of resistance to WR268,668 may be similar to that of other 4-aminoquinolines.
Quantitative optical coherence elastography based on fiber-optic probe for in situ measurement of tissue mechanical properties (2016)

We developed a miniature quantitative optical coherence elastography (qOCE) instrument with an integrated Fabry-Perot force sensor, for in situ elasticity measurement of biological tissue. The technique has great potential for biomechanics modeling and clinical diagnosis. We designed the fiber-optic qOCE probe that was used to exert a compressive force to deform tissue at the tip of the probe. Using the space-division multiplexed optical coherence tomography (OCT) signal detected by a spectral domain OCT engine, we were able to quantify the probe deformation that was proportional to the force applied, and to quantify the tissue deformation corresponding to the external stimulus. Simultaneous measurement of force and displacement allowed us to extract Young's modulus of biological tissue. We experimentally calibrated our qOCE instrument, and validated its effectiveness on tissue mimicking phantoms and biological tissues.
A<sub>1</sub>adenosine receptor agonists and their potential therapeutic applications (2008)

The challenges associated with developing an A(1)-AdoR agonist for therapeutic intervention are now well defined in humans. Significant progress has been made in identifying agents for the treatment of atrial arrhythmias, T2D, and angina.
A Power Flow Method Using a New Bus Type for Computing Steady-State Voltage Stability Margins (2014)

In steady-state voltage stability analysis, it is well-known that as the load is increased toward the maximum loading condition, the conventional Newton-Raphson power flow Jacobian matrix becomes increasingly ill-conditioned. As a result, the power flow fails to converge before reaching the maximum loading condition. To circumvent this singularity problem, continuation power flow methods have been developed. In these methods, the size of the Jacobian matrix is increased by one, and the Jacobian matrix becomes non-singular with a suitable choice of the continuation parameter. In this paper, we propose a new method to directly eliminate the singularity by reformulating the power flow problem. The central idea is to introduce an AQ bus in which the bus angle and the reactive power consumption of a load bus are specified. For steady-state voltage stability analysis, the voltage angle at the load bus can be varied to control power transfer to the load, rather than specifying the load power itself. For an AQ bus, the power flow formulation consists of only the reactive power equation, thus reducing the size of the Jacobian matrix by one. This reduced Jacobian matrix is nonsingular at the critical voltage point. We illustrate the method and its application to steady-state voltage stability using two example systems.
Likelihood maximization approach to image registration (2002)

A likelihood maximization approach to image registration is developed in this paper. It is assumed that the voxel values in two images in registration are probabilistically related. The principle of maximum likelihood is then exploited to find the optimal registration: the likelihood that given image f, one has image g and given image g, one has image f is optimized with respect to registration parameters. All voxel pairs in the overlapping volume or a portion of it can be used to compute the likelihood. A knowledge-based method and a self-consistent technique are proposed to obtain the probability relation. In the knowledge-based method, prior knowledge of the distribution of voxel pairs in two registered images is assumed, while such knowledge is not required in the self-consistent method. The accuracy and robustness of the likelihood maximization approach is validated by single modality registration of single photon emission computed tomographic (SPECT) images and magnetic resonance (MR) images and by multimodality registration (MR/SPECT). The results demonstrate that the performance of the likelihood maximization approach is comparable to that of the mutual information maximization technique. Finally the relationship between the likelihood approach and the entropy, conditional entropy, and mutual information approaches is discussed.
Privacy for Smart Meters: Towards Undetectable Appliance Load Signatures (2010)

Smart grid privacy encompasses the privacy of information extracted by analysing smart metering data. In this paper, we suggest that home electrical power routing can be used to moderate the home's load signature in order to hide appliance usage information. In particular, (1) we introduce a power management model using a rechargeable battery, (2) we propose a power mixing algorithm, and (3) we evaluate its protection level by proposing three different privacy metrics: an information theoretic (relative entropy), a clustering classification, and a correlation/regression one; these are tested on different metering datasets. This paper sets the ground for further research on the subject of optimising home energy management with regards to hiding load signatures.
Biochemical Characterization of a Polysialyltransferase from Mannheimia haemolytica A2 and Comparison to Other Bacterial Polysialyltransferases (2013)

Polysialic acids are bioactive carbohydrates found in eukaryotes and some bacterial pathogens. The bacterial polysialyltransferases (PSTs), which catalyze the synthesis of polysialic acid capsules, have previously been identified in select strains of Escherichia coli and Neisseria meningitidis and are classified in the Carbohydrate-Active enZYmes Database as glycosyltransferase family GT-38. In this study using DNA sequence analysis and functional characterization we have identified a novel polysialyltransferase from the bovine/ovine pathogen Mannheimia haemolytica A2 (PSTMh). The enzyme was expressed in recombinant form as a soluble maltose-binding-protein fusion in parallel with the related PSTs from E. coli K1 and N. meningitidis group B in order to perform a side-by-side comparison. Biochemical properties including solubility, acceptor preference, reaction pH optima, thermostability, kinetics, and product chain length for the enzymes were compared using a synthetic fluorescent acceptor molecule. PSTMh exhibited biochemical properties that make it an attractive candidate for chemi-enzymatic synthesis applications of polysialic acid. The activity of PSTMh was examined on a model glycoprotein and the surface of a neuroprogenitor cell line where the results supported its development for use in applications to therapeutic protein modification and cell surface glycan remodelling to enable cell migration at implantation sites to promote wound healing. The three PSTs examined here demonstrated different properties that would each be useful to therapeutic applications.
Modeling of magnetostrictive sensors (1996)

A mathematical model of a generic single branch magnetostrictive sensor is presented in this article. The model is based on an equivalent magnetic circuit which accounts for all significant reluctance elements. Predictions of the model are compared to the experimental data obtained from a noncontacting magnetostrictive strain sensor and a force sensor. The model predicts the behavior of both sensors with reasonably good accuracy, despite the differences in their configurations.
Multiple polarization communications (2012)

If two independent signals are communicated using orthogonal polarizations, the communication throughput is doubled compared to a single polarization. Polarization reuse superimposes two independent signals in the same bandwidth and requires design attention to obtain adequate isolation between the signals to avoid cochannel interference. Polarization reuse is limited to doubling the communication throughput because any polarization has only one orthogonal polarization. A new technique uses multiple non-orthogonal polarizations and signal processing techniques to separate and combine multiple signal components and can more than double the communication throughput.
Silicon/Pyrex Planar Microbattery A Silicon Process-Compatible Micro-Power Source (2003)

The design, fabrication, and performance of a planar microbattery made from a silicon wafer with a bonded lid are presented. The battery is designed with two compartments, separated by four columns of micro-posts. These posts are 3 or 5 micrometers in diameter. The posts permit transport of liquid electrolyte, but stop particles of battery material from each compartment from mixing. The anode and cathode battery compartments, the posts, fill holes, and conductive vias are all made using high-aspect-ratio reactive ion (Bosch) etching. After the silicon wafer is completed, it is anodically bonded or adhesive bonded to a Pyrex{reg_sign} wafer lid. The battery materials are made from micro-disperse particles that are 3-5 micrometers in diameter. The lithium-ion chemistry is microcarbon mesobeads and lithium cobalt oxide. The battery capacity is 1.83 micro-amp-hrs/cm{sup 2} at a discharge rate of 25 microamps.
Multimode Fibers for Mode Division Multiplexing (2017)

Graded-index-core multimode fibers can be appropriately rescaled in diameters and optimized to have low differential mode group delays for 6 to 36 spatial modes for multiple-input-multiple-output mode-division-multiplexed transmissions.
Manufacture and Test of Small-Scale Superconducting Fault Current Limiter by Using the Bifilar Winding of Coated Conductor (2006)

Superconducting fault current limiters (SFCLs) have been developed by many research groups. However, there is no standard for current limiting device. Recently, YBCO coated conductor (C.C.) which is named as 2nd-generation wire has been developed rapidly. YBCO C.C. has many advantages for applying to fault current limiting material. In this paper, a bifilar winding type SFCL was manufactured using YBCO C.C. The bifilar coil was wound as pancake type, and the length of C.C. tape used was 8 m. The short-circuit test of the SFCL was performed successfully rated on 30V/80A. The SFCL had a very low impedance in normal operation and limited the fault current effectively when a fault occurred. From the result, it could be confirmed that the bifilar winding type FCL using YBCO C.C. is feasible. Large-scale SFCL using C.C. should be developed in the future
NoPeek: Information leakage reduction to share activations in\n distributed deep learning (2020)

For distributed machine learning with sensitive data, we demonstrate how\nminimizing distance correlation between raw data and intermediary\nrepresentations reduces leakage of sensitive raw data patterns across client\ncommunications while maintaining model accuracy. Leakage (measured using\ndistance correlation between input and intermediate representations) is the\nrisk associated with the invertibility of raw data from intermediary\nrepresentations. This can prevent client entities that hold sensitive data from\nusing distributed deep learning services. We demonstrate that our method is\nresilient to such reconstruction attacks and is based on reduction of distance\ncorrelation between raw data and learned representations during training and\ninference with image datasets. We prevent such reconstruction of raw data while\nmaintaining information required to sustain good classification accuracies.\n