gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A Tenfold Reduction in Interface Thermal Resistance for Heat Sink Mounting (2004)

Reactive NanoTechnologies (RNT) has developed a new platform joining technology that can form a metallic bond between a chip package and a heat sink and thereby offer a thermal interface resistance that is up to ten times lower than current thermal interface materials (TIM). The joining process is based on the use of reactive multilayer foils as local heat sources. The foils are a new class of nano-engineered materials, in which self-propagating exothermic reactions can be initiated at room temperature with a hot filament or laser. By inserting a multilayer foil between two solder layers and a chip package and heat sink, energy generated by a chemical reaction in the foil heats the solder to melting and consequently bonds the components. The joining process can be completed in air, argon or vacuum in approximately one second. The resulting metallic joints exhibit thermal resistances up to an order of magnitude lower, than current commercial TIMs. We also demonstrate, using numerical modeling, that the thermal exposure of microelectronic packages during joining is very limited. Finally we show numerically that reactive joining can be used to solder Si dies directly to heat sinks without thermally damaging the chip.
Aspartyl-asparagyl β hydroxylase over-expression in human hepatoma is linked to activation of insulin-like growth factor and notch signaling mechanisms (2006)

Aspartyl-(asparagyl)-beta-hydroxylase (AAH) is overexpressed in various malignant neoplasms, including hepatocellular carcinomas (HCCs). The upstream regulation of AAH and its functional role in Notch-mediated signaling and motility in HCC cells was accessed. The mRNA transcript levels of AAH, insulin receptor substrate (IRS), insulin and insulin-like growth factor (IGF) receptors and polypeptides, Notch, Jagged, and HES were measured in 15 paired samples of HCC and adjacent HCC-free human liver biopsy specimens using real-time quantitative RT-PCR and Western blot analysis. Overexpression of AAH was detected in 87% of the HCC relative to the paired HCC-free liver tissue. IRS-1, IRS-2, and IRS-4 were each overexpressed in 80% of the HCC samples, and IGF-I and IGF-2 receptors were overexpressed in 40% and 100% of the HCCs, respectively. All HCC samples had relatively increased levels of Notch-1 and HES-1 gene expression. Overexpression of AAH led to increased levels of Notch, and co-immunoprecipitation experiments demonstrated a direct interaction between AAH and Notch as well as its ligand Jagged. In conclusion, contributions to the malignant phenotype of HCC is due to activation of IGF-I and IGF-II signaling that results in over-expression of both AAH and Notch. The functional role of AAH in relation to cell motility has been linked to increased activation of the Notch signaling pathway.
Summary of the IPCC Special Report on Carbon Dioxide Capture and Storage (2018)

Carbon Dioxide capture and storage (CCS) is an option for reducing atmospheric emissions of CO2 from human activities. CCS involves the use of technology to first collect and concentrate the CO2 produced at industrial and energy related sources, transport it to a suitable storage location, and then store it away from the atmosphere for a long period of time. The IPCC Special Report asesses the current state of knowledge regarding the technical, scientific, environmental, economic, and societal dimensions of CCS.
Ionic Liquids and Their Interaction with Cellulose (2009)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVReviewNEXTIonic Liquids and Their Interaction with CelluloseAndré Pinkert†, Kenneth N. Marsh*†, Shusheng Pang†, and Mark P. Staiger‡View Author Information Department of Chemical and Process Engineering and Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Canterbury, Christchurch, New Zealand* To whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail: [email protected]. Tel.: +64 3364 2140. Fax: +64 3364 2063.†Department of Chemical and Process Engineering.‡Department of Mechanical Engineering.Cite this: Chem. Rev. 2009, 109, 12, 6712–6728Publication Date (Web):September 16, 2009Publication History Received17 May 2009Published online16 September 2009Published inissue 9 December 2009https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/cr9001947https://doi.org/10.1021/cr9001947review-articleACS PublicationsCopyright © 2009 American Chemical SocietyRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views19672Altmetric-Citations1228LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose SUBJECTS:Anions,Biopolymers,Cellulose,Salts,Solvents Get e-Alerts
‘Different Branches from the Same Root’: Similarity and Specificity of Five Saponins from Panax Notoginseng in Cardiovascular-Related Therapeutic Effects and Mechanisms (2019)

Saponins are the major extracts of Panax notoginseng, which is one of the most commonly used herbal medicine in East Asia. Increasing evidences suggest that Panax notoginseng saponins (PNS) have various therapeutic effects on cardiovascular diseases. The therapeutic effects of PNS is through the complex combination of saponins. Notoginsenoside R1, ginsenosides Rb1, Rg1, Rd and Re are the major components of PNS, which have been studied thoroughly in recent years. In this review the authors summarize and compare the cardiovascular-related effects and mechanisms of these five saponins respectively. Anti-atherosclerosis, anti-inflammatory, anti-apoptosis are the most shared functions. But some of the functions are contradictory, such as GRb1 inhibit the endothelial tube formation and angiogenesis, while GRg1 promote the VEGF synthesis and angiogenic tube formation. Even GRg1 itself functions contradictory in angiogenesis. The comprehensive summary of the effects and mechanisms of saponins shed lights on the understanding of the diverse functions PNS exert, and lay groundwork for the development and utilization of saponins in cardiovascular diseases.
Multimedia Content Repurposing in Heterogeneous Network Environments (2006)

The growing diversity of clients and their network connections as well as varying user requirements pose a new challenge in accessing multimedia content over heterogeneous network environments. In such heterogeneous network environments, efficient multimedia content repurposing approach is required to tackle the challenge. In this paper, a proxy-based multimedia content repurposing prototype is described which repurpose multimedia content based on client characteristics, network characteristics and user preferences. The experimental results show that our approach is efficient means for repurposing multimedia content from one form to another.
Deformities in birds of the Great Lakes region. Assigning causality (1994)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTDeformities in birds of the Great Lakes region. Assigning causalityJohn P. Giesy, James P. Ludwig, and Donald E. TillittCite this: Environ. Sci. Technol. 1994, 28, 3, 128A–135APublication Date (Print):March 1, 1994Publication History Published online23 September 2008Published inissue 1 March 1994https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/es00052a002https://doi.org/10.1021/es00052a002research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views199Altmetric-Citations105LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Theoretical Research on Sand Penetration Grouting Based on Cylindrical Diffusion Model of Tortuous Tubes (2022)

The penetration paths of grouts in sand layers are tortuous, and there is no reasonable penetration grouting theory at present. By employing tortuous circular tubes as the internal penetration pore channels of the sand layer, the cylindrical diffusion model is established for sand-layer penetration grouting. First, the permeability of porous media and average penetration velocity of Bingham slurry were deduced by considering tortuosity. Second, based on the penetration continuity equation, the active steady-state penetration differential equation of Bingham slurry and the pressure distribution function of slurry in the diffusion region were obtained. Finally, combined with the indoor penetration grouting test results, the attenuation law of slurry pressure and the influencing factors of diffusion radius were discussed. The results show that the cylindrical diffusion model of tortuous tubes can better characterize the diffusion process of penetration grouting in the sand layer. The stop condition for diffusion during penetration grouting is the reduction of the pressure gradient of the slurry to its starting value. The slurry pressure attenuation has obvious stages. The slurry pressure attenuation is faster in the area close to the grouting tube. At 50% of the maximum diffusion radius, the pressure attenuation is 70.01~75.41% of the total pressure attenuation within the diffusion region. Increasing the grouting pressure and permeability coefficient and reducing the slurry viscosity ratio can greatly increase the slurry diffusion radius. These results provide a theoretical basis for determining sand grouting parameters in the future.
Method and apparatus for rapid biohydrogen phenotypic screening of microorganisms using a chemochromic sensor (2023)

The invention provides an assay system for identifying a hydrogen-gas-producing organism, including a sensor film having a first layer comprising a transition metal oxide or oxysalt and a second layer comprising hydrogen-dissociative catalyst metal, the first and second layers having an inner and an outer surface wherein the inner surface of the second layer is deposited on the outer surface of the first layer, and a substrate disposed proximally to the outer surface of the second layer, the organism being isolated on the substrate.
New synthetic pathways from gibberellins to antheridiogens isolated from the fern genus Anemia (1990)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTNew synthetic pathways from gibberellins to antheridiogens isolated from the fern genus AnemiaMark Furber, Lewis N. Mander, and Graham L. PatrickCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1990, 55, 16, 4860–4870Publication Date (Print):August 1, 1990Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 August 1990https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo00303a020https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00303a020research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views671Altmetric-Citations20LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (1)»Supporting Information Supporting Information Get e-Alerts
First Downhole Application of Distributed Acoustic Sensing for Hydraulic-Fracturing Monitoring and Diagnostics (2012)

Summary The first exploration-and-production downhole field trial of distributed acoustic sensing (DAS) fiber-optic technology was conducted during the completion of a tight gas well in February 2009. DAS is a novel technology that allows the detection, discrimination, and location of acoustic events on a standard telecom single-mode fiber several kilometers long. Using a combination of the measurement of backscattered light and advanced signal processing, the DAS interrogator system segregates the fiber into an array of individual microphones. To date, the technology has been applied mainly in the defense and security industries. One of the most exciting applications for downhole application of DAS is in the area of hydraulic fracturing of tight-sand and shale-gas reservoirs. Balancing the cost of hydraulic-fracture stimulation with the production benefit is crucial in tight-sand and shale-gas developments because, after drilling costs, the completion is the largest single cost component of the well. Recordings can be made while tools are run in hole, bridge plugs are set and perforations are shot and during the fracture-stimulation treatment. The technology is sufficiently reliable and sensitive to detect and monitor these in-well activities. The fidelity of the recordings made during hydraulic-fracturing and flowback operations provides a step-change improvement in the ability to perform real-time and post-job diagnostics and analyses of the stimulation. The different case studies presented in this paper will illustrate how, even in its earliest form, DAS has the potential to enhance the capability of monitoring and understanding in-wellbore activities. The technology enables the optimization of hydraulic-fracturing design and execution, which can drive down completion costs and lead to increased well productivity and ultimate recovery.
Effect of temperature on the formation of thallium-based superconductors (1989)

An investigation of reaction pathways for the Tl-Ca-Ba-Cu-O system, starting with different stoichiometries (2:0:2:2, 2:1:2:2, 2:2:2:3, 1:1:2:2, 1:2:2:2:3, 1:3:2:4) and employing various temperatures (775, 825, 865 and 890 degrees C), was conducted. BaCuO2, CuO, CaO and Tl2O3 were used as reactants. The relative amounts of the various compounds present in the samples heated for various time intervals were determined by X-ray diffraction. Melting as well as rapid loss of thallium were observed in the samples heated at 890 degrees C. The reaction rates were very slow at 775 and 825 degrees C and the thallium loss was negligible at 775 degrees C. For the stoichiometries 2:1:2:2, 2:2:2:3, 1:2:2:3 and 1:3:2:4, the 2021 and the 2122 were the only superconducting phases detected in the samples heated at 775 and 825 degrees C for 5 min to several hours. The samples contained, however, numerous other compounds. For the 1:1:2:2 stoichiometry, the 2021, 2122 and 1122 superconducting phases were detected in the samples heated at 775 and 825 degrees C. For the 2:0:2:2 stoichiometry, the 2021 phase was detected at 775 and 825 degrees C. For samples with the 2:1:2:2 and the 1:1:2:2 stoichiometries calcined at 865 degrees C, the sequential transformations 2021 to 2122 to 1122 were observed. For the 2:2:2:3, 1:2:2:3 and 1:3:2:4 stoichiometries, the sequential transformations 2021 to 2122 to 2223 to 1324 occurred. The 1223 phase was not detected in any of the calcined samples, including the samples with the 1:2:2:3 stoichiometry. The 2122 and 2223 compounds were obtained in large amounts (2122 as a single phase) starting from the 2:1:2:2 and 2:2:2:3 stoichiometries, respectively. They are therefore most suitable to achieve high critical current densities.
Nonreciprocal few-photon routing schemes based on chiral waveguide-emitter couplings (2016)

We demonstrate the possibility of designing efficient, nonreciprocal few-photon devices by exploiting the chiral coupling between two waveguide modes and a single quantum emitter. We show how this system can show nonreciprocal photon transport at the single-photon level by exploiting a single-photon routing mechanism. Afterwards, we also demonstrate how the fundamentally different two-photon response makes the system show a transistorlike behavior, where a first photon can open a transmission channel for a second incoming photon. The efficiency in both cases is shown to be large for feasible experimental implementations. Our results illustrate the potential of chiral waveguide-emitter couplings for applications in quantum circuitry.
Impact of Agricultural activities-motor Vehicles and e-waste on Sediment Characteristics of the Serin River, Malaysia (2009)

Sediment is a sink for organic materials, nutrients and heavy metals and sediment condition affects the overlying water. Though Serin River is a source of drinking water, agricultural and waste disposal activities in the watershed may impact the sediment of the river. Therefore, the objective of this study was to investigate the organic matter, nutrients and heavy metals in the sediment of the Serin River. Five stations were selected for sediment sample collection. Results of the study show that organic matter (OM) ranged from 0.7% to 5.9%, TP was l00-366 (mg/kg), TAN was 16-141 (mg/kg), TON was 550-3019(mg/kg), and TKN was 566-3160 (mg/kg). Sediment oxygen demand (SOD20) ranged from 5.6 to 14.2 (g O/m^2/d). Among the five stations OM, TKN, and SOD of the sediment were second highest at the two stations downstream of animal (fish, chicken and pig) farming. TP and TAN were the second highest at the station downstream of fish farming and third highest at the station downstream of pig farming. Zn, Cu and Cd ranged from 132-357 (mg/kg), 26.7-96.7 (mg/kg) and 4.0-19.3(mg/kg). According to USEPA guideline, sediments at four stations were heavily polluted with Zn, Cu and Cd whereas the station that was farthest upstream, near a village, was slightly polluted with Zn and Cu. This study indicates that animal farming has an impact on the organic matter content, nutrients (N and P), oxygen demand and heavy metals of the sediment. Motor vehicles and discarded e-waste also contributed to the heavy metals in the sediment. Farm effluents and storm water should be treated and e-waste recycled to protect the water quality of the river for its designated use.
Evidence that an RGD-dependent receptor mediates the binding of oligodendrocytes to a novel ligand in a glial-derived matrix. (1988)

A simple adhesion assay was used to measure the interaction between rat oligodendrocytes and various substrata, including a matrix secreted by glial cells. Oligodendrocytes bound to surfaces coated with fibronectin, vitronectin and a protein component of the glial matrix. The binding of cells to all of these substrates was inhibited by a synthetic peptide (GRGDSP) modeled after the cell-binding domain of fibronectin. The component of the glial matrix responsible for the oligodendrocyte interaction is a protein which is either secreted by the glial cells or removed from serum by products of these cultures; serum alone does not promote adhesion to the same extent as the glial-derived matrix. The interaction of cells with this glial-derived matrix requires divalent cations and is not mediated by several known RGD-containing extracellular proteins, including fibronectin, vitronectin, thrombospondin, type I and type IV collagen, and tenascin.
<i>In vitro</i> protective effect of <i>Rhodiola rosea</i> extract against hypochlorous acid‐induced oxidative damage in human erythrocytes (2004)

Rhodiola rosea L. (Crassulaceae) is a plant living at high altitudes in Europe and Asia. Its roots have long been used in the traditional medical system of these geographical areas to increase the organism resistance to physical stress; today, it has become an important component of many dietary supplements. In this study we investigate the antioxidant capacity of the R. rosea aqueous extract evaluating its ability to counteract some of the main damages induced by hypochlorous acid (HOCl), a powerful oxidant generated by activated phagocytes, to human erythrocytes. Ascorbic acid was used as a reference substance because of its physiological HOCl-scavenging ability. Our study demonstrates that R. rosea is able to significantly protect, in a dose-dependent manner, human RBC from glutathione (GSH) depletion, glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH) inactivation and hemolysis induced by the oxidant. Furthermore, we demonstrate that R. rosea aqueous extract acts from the inside of the erythrocyte suggesting a probable involving of cell components. The protection on GSH afforded by the R. rosea extract with respect to ascorbic acid, occurred also if added 2 or 5 min. later than the oxidant, suggesting a more rapid or powerful effect.
Immobilized metal complexes in porous hosts: catalytic oxidation of substituted phenols in CO2 media (2006)

Development of processes that utilize heterogeneous catalysis in environmentally beneficial media is of fundamental and practical importance. The oxidation of 2,6-di-tert-butylphenol (DTBP) to 2,6-di-tert-butyl-1,4-benzoquinone (DTBQ) and 3,5,3′,5′-tetra-tert-butyl-4,4′-diphenoquinone (TTBDQ) has been investigated to evaluate the factors necessary to achieve high product conversion and selectivity in various media. A series of porous materials with immobilized Co(II) complexes served as catalysts and their reactivities using O2 as the terminal oxidant were screened in neat acetonitrile, supercritical carbon dioxide (scCO2), and CO2-expanded acetonitrile. The highest conversions were found with the catalysts that had high affinity for dioxygen. Moreover, the greatest conversions (∼60%) were obtained when reactions were done in scCO2, which is attributed to improved mass transfer of O2 and substrates through the porous catalysts. Furthermore, the heterogeneous catalysts can be recycled with some loss of activity (∼30%) after three cycles; nonetheless these results suggest that the polymer hosts efficiently protect the immobilized catalytic sites from destructive bimolecular routes.