gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Coordinate-transform technique for closed-fringe analysis by the Fourier-transform method (2001)

A coordinate-transform technique is proposed that enables the Fourier-transform method to analyze an interferogram that includes a closed-fringe pattern. First, the closed-fringe pattern is converted to an open-fringe pattern by transformation of the Cartesian coordinate system to a polar coordinate system. Then the phase distribution for the open-fringe interferogram is determined by the conventional Fourier-transform method. The phase distribution for the original closed-fringe pattern is obtained by inverse coordinate transformation from the polar coordinate system back to the Cartesian coordinate system. Computer simulation and experiments were performed for a closed-fringe pattern generated by interference of a spherical wave with a reference plane wave, and results are presented that demonstrate the validity of the proposed technique.
Full-Duplex Systems Using Multi-Reconfigurable Antennas (2014)

Full-duplex systems are expected to achieve 100% rate improvement over half-duplex systems if the self-interference signal can be significantly mitigated. In this paper, we propose the first full-duplex system utilizing Multi-Reconfigurable Antenna (MRA) with ?90% rate improvement compared to half-duplex systems. MRA is a dynamically reconfigurable antenna structure, that is capable of changing its properties according to certain input configurations. A comprehensive experimental analysis is conducted to characterize the system performance in typical indoor environments. The experiments are performed using a fabricated MRA that has 4096 configurable radiation patterns. The achieved MRA-based passive self-interference suppression is investigated, with detailed analysis for the MRA training overhead. In addition, a heuristic-based approach is proposed to reduce the MRA training overhead. The results show that at 1% training overhead, a total of 95dB self-interference cancellation is achieved in typical indoor environments. The 95dB self-interference cancellation is experimentally shown to be sufficient for 90% full-duplex rate improvement compared to half-duplex systems.
Glucose repression can be alleviated by reducing glucose phosphorylation rate in Saccharomyces cerevisiae (2018)

Microorganisms commonly exhibit preferential glucose consumption and diauxic growth when cultured in mixtures of glucose and other sugars. Although various genetic perturbations have alleviated the effects of glucose repression on consumption of specific sugars, a broadly applicable mechanism remains unknown. Here, we report that a reduction in the rate of glucose phosphorylation alleviates the effects of glucose repression in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Through adaptive evolution under a mixture of xylose and the glucose analog 2-deoxyglucose, we isolated a mutant strain capable of simultaneously consuming glucose and xylose. Genome sequencing of the evolved mutant followed by CRISPR/Cas9-based reverse engineering revealed that mutations in the glucose phosphorylating enzymes (Hxk1, Hxk2, Glk1) were sufficient to confer simultaneous glucose and xylose utilization. We then found that varying hexokinase expression with an inducible promoter led to the simultaneous utilization of glucose and xylose. Interestingly, no mutations in sugar transporters occurred during the evolution, and no specific transporter played an indispensable role in simultaneous sugar utilization. Additionally, we demonstrated that slowing glucose consumption also enabled simultaneous utilization of glucose and galactose. These results suggest that the rate of intracellular glucose phosphorylation is a decisive factor for metabolic regulations of mixed sugars.
Angle-multiplexed metasurfaces (2018)

We introduce angle-multiplexed metasurfaces for encoding independent wavefronts in a single metasurface under different illumination angles. As proof of concept, we demonstrate an angle-multiplexed hologram, which projects different images under normal and oblique illumination angles.
ChemInform Abstract: POTENTIAL HISTAMINE H2‐RECEPTOR ANTAGONISTS. 4. BENZYLHISTAMINES (1983)

Abstract Durch eine Verlängerung der Seitenkette des Imidazols (I) entsteht das Histamin (II) in geringer Ausbeute.
NbN Capping Layer for Enhanced Thermal Processing of Group III-Nitride Semiconductor Devices (2016)

Annealing of GaN and GaN based ternaries at high temperatures requires a capping layer, which can withstand applied temperatures and protect the surface of the III-nitride material from decomposition. AlN cap is often used as this capping layer, but it is very resistant to wet etching and requires harsh chemical, largely KOH-based etchants, for removal. In this work NbN was used as a new material for high temperature capable cap that is easily removable using wet processing. It was shown that NbN is capable of avoiding decomposition when used on an InGaN layer that is subjected to annealing temperatures up to 1220°C. In addition, it was demonstrated that the NbN capping layer can be completely removed using a HF/HNO3 wet process.
The softphy abstraction: from packets to symbols in wireless network design (2008)

At ever-increasing rates, we are using wireless systems to communicate with others and retrieve content of interest to us. Current wireless technologies such as WiFi or Zigbee use forward error correction to drive bit error rates down when there are few interfering transmissions. However, as more of us use wireless networks to retrieve increasingly rich content, interference increases in unpredictable ways. This results in errored bits, degraded throughput, and eventually, an unusable network. We observe that this is the result of higher layers working at the packet granularity, whereas they would benefit from a shift in perspective from whole packets to individual symbols. 
From real-world experiments on a 31-node testbed of Zigbee and software-defined radios, we find that often, not all of the bits in corrupted packets share fate. Thus, today's wireless protocols retransmit packets where only a small number of the constituent bits in a packet are in error, wasting network resources. In this dissertation, we will describe a physical layer that passes information about its confidence in each decoded symbol up to higher layers. These SoftPHY hints have many applications, one of which, more efficient link-layer retransmissions, we will describe in detail. PP-ARQ is a link-layer reliable retransmission protocol that allows a receiver to compactly encode a request for retransmission of only the bits in a packet that are likely in error. Our experimental results show that PP-ARQ increases aggregate network throughput by a factor of approximately 2× under various conditions. Finally, we will place our contributions in the context of related work and discuss other uses of SoftPHY throughout the wireless networking stack. (Copies available exclusively from MIT Libraries, Rm. 14-0551, Cambridge, MA 02139-4307. Ph. 617-253-5668; Fax 617-253-1690.)
Production of indium phosphide solar cells for space power generation (1988)

A large-scale commercial process for producing high-efficiency n/sup +/-p homojunction InP solar cells is described. The n/sup +/-p junction is fabricated by diffusing sulfur into p-type InP substrates in a sealed quartz ampoule. In one diffusion cycle, 300 1*2 cm/sup 2/ cells are fabricated from 50 2-in. InP wafers. The dependence of solar cell parameters on diffusion temperature and substrate carrier concentration and further improvement of cell performance by mesa etching are also discussed. The conversion efficiency of the best 2*2 cm/sup 2/ cell is 16.6% (total area, one-sun, air mass zero).< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Phase-sensitive swept-source interferometry for absolute ranging with application to measurements of group refractive index and thickness (2011)

Interferometric range measurements using a wavelength-tunable source form the basis of several measurement techniques, including optical frequency domain reflectometry (OFDR), swept-source optical coherence tomography (SS-OCT), and frequency-modulated continuous wave (FMCW) lidar. We present a phase-sensitive and self-referenced approach to swept-source interferometry that yields absolute range measurements with axial precision three orders of magnitude better than the transform-limited axial resolution of the system. As an example application, we implement the proposed method for a simultaneous measurement of group refractive index and thickness of an optical glass sample.
Interband Cascade Lasers (2020)

Recent advances in midwave infrared interband cascade lasers (ICLs) include novel distributed feedback configurations, vertical-cavity surface-emitting lasers, light-emitting devices, frequency combs, dual-comb spectroscopy, and ICLs incorporated into photonic integrated circuits on silicon and III-V platforms.
Ultra-low-loss superconducting strip-type transmission lines, circuits, and resonators (1989)

Abstract : A method of constructing ultra-low-loss miniaturized microstrip type microwave transmission lines, circuits, and resonators and their resulting structures are disclosed. The method includes etching a groove of the appropriate width and depth into the surface of a first substrate as determined by a preselected characteristic impedance. Appropriate thin film superconductors are then deposited on the surfaces of the first substrate and a second substrate. The thin film superconductors are then patterned after which the two substrates are sealed together by field-assisted thermal bonding such that a novel two-conductor electromagnetic transmission line results. Patent applications. (rrh)
A maximum likelihood approach to estimating articulator positions from speech acoustics (1996)

This proposal presents an algorithm called maximum likelihood continuity mapping (MALCOM) which recovers the positions of the tongue, jaw, lips, and other speech articulators from measurements of the sound-pressure waveform of speech. MALCOM differs from other techniques for recovering articulator positions from speech in three critical respects: it does not require training on measured or modeled articulator positions, it does not rely on any particular model of sound propagation through the vocal tract, and it recovers a mapping from acoustics to articulator positions that is linearly, not topographically, related to the actual mapping from acoustics to articulation. The approach categorizes short-time windows of speech into a finite number of sound types, and assumes the probability of using any articulator position to produce a given sound type can be described by a parameterized probability density function. MALCOM then uses maximum likelihood estimation techniques to: (1) find the most likely smooth articulator path given a speech sample and a set of distribution functions (one distribution function for each sound type), and (2) change the parameters of the distribution functions to better account for the data. Using this technique improves the accuracy of articulator position estimates compared to continuity mapping -- the only other technique that learns the relationship between acoustics and articulation solely from acoustics. The technique has potential application to computer speech recognition, speech synthesis and coding, teaching the hearing impaired to speak, improving foreign language instruction, and teaching dyslexics to read. 34 refs., 7 figs.
Effect of Contact Liner Stress in High-Performance FDSOI Devices with Ultra-Thin Silicon Channels and 30 nm Gate Lengths (2006)

We have investigated for the first time the effect of stressed contact liners on the performance of fully depleted ultra-thin channel CMOS devices with a raised source/drain. Significant enhancement in mobility and drive current is observed in both nFETs and pFETs. The observed enhancement shows a strong dependence on the Si channel thickness and the height of the raised source/drain, consistent with stress simulations.
Innovative Differential Protection of Power Transformers Using Low Energy Current Sensors (2009)

Traditional differential protection systems are applied on large power transformers using current transformers (CTs). However, because of high secondary currents (often exceeding 100 kA RMS) differential protection systems for electric arc furnace (EAF) transformers have not been applied in the past due to the lack of commercially available CTs. This paper will present differential protection systems that have been in use for many years using Rogowski Coil (RC) current sensors. These protection systems use high precision printed circuit board (PCB) Rogowski coil (RC) current sensors. The paper reviews the characteristics, designs, and application of these RC sensors for advanced protection, control, and metering systems with new multifunction relays. The paper compares performance characteristics of new solutions based on RC sensors with the conventional differential protection systems based on CTs, demonstrating that the new systems do not have the limitations of conventional technology. Operating experience from several site applications will be included.
Antineoplastic Agents. 485. Isolation and Structure of Cribrostatin 6, a Dark Blue Cancer Cell Growth Inhibitor from the Marine Sponge <i>Cribrochalina </i>sp.<sup>,1a</sup> (2003)

Cribrostatin 6, a dark blue cancer cell growth inhibiting (P388 ED(50) 0.3 microg/mL) constituent of the Republic of Maldives marine sponge Cribrochalina sp., has been assigned structure 3 on the basis of a combination of HRMS, high-field (500 MHz, HMBC, and GOESY experiments) (15)N, (1)H, and (13)C NMR, and X-ray crystal structure analyses. Cribrostatin 6 also was found to inhibit the growth of a number of pathogenic bacteria and fungi.
Boosted deformable model for human body alignment (2008)

This paper studies image alignment, the problem of learning a shape and appearance model from labeled data and efficiently fitting the model to a non-rigid object with large variations. Given a set of images with manually labeled landmarks, our model representation consists of a shape component represented by a point distribution model and an appearance component represented by a collection of local features, trained discriminatively as a two-class classifier using boosting. Images with ground truth landmarks are the positive training samples while those with perturbed landmarks are considered as negatives. Enabled by piece-wise affine warping, corresponding local feature positions across all training samples form a hypothesis space for boosting. Image alignment is performed by maximizing the boosted classifier score, which is our distance measure, through iteratively mapping the feature positions to the image, and computing the gradient direction of the score with respect to the shape parameter. We apply this approach to human body alignment from surveillance-type images. We conduct experiments on the MIT pedestrian database where the body size is approximately 110 times 46 pixels, and demonstrate our real-time alignment capability.
MUC1‐C oncoprotein confers androgen‐independent growth of human prostate cancer cells (2012)

These findings indicate that MUC1-C suppresses AR expression in prostate cancer cells and confers a more aggressive androgen-independent phenotype that is sensitive to MUC1-C inhibition.
Properties of epitaxial barium titanate thin films using a highly volatile Ba(<i>hfa</i>)2triglyme precursor (2015)

Ferroelectric barium titanate (BaTiO3) epitaxial films were grown by metal-organic chemical vapor deposition using a new precursor Ba(hfa)2·triglyme. The precursor has both a low melting point and a stable vapor pressure. The as-deposited layers are highly tensile-strained up to a thickness of 300 nm due to the lattice mismatch between epitaxial BaTiO3 and the MgO (100) substrate. Thus, the thin films are predominantly a-domain. However, as the thickness further increases, the tensile strain relaxes by creating a mixed a- and c-domain structure. The dependence of domain structure on film thicknesses was investigated with high-resolution x-ray diffraction and a piezoelectric force microscopy and ferroelectric hysteresis measurements.
NarE: a novel ADP‐ribosyltransferase from <i> Neisseria meningitidis</i> (2003)

Mono ADP-ribosyltransferases (ADPRTs) are a class of functionally conserved enzymes present in prokaryotic and eukaryotic organisms. In bacteria, these enzymes often act as potent toxins and play an important role in pathogenesis. Here we report a profile-based computational approach that, assisted by secondary structure predictions, has allowed the identification of a previously undiscovered ADP-ribosyltransferase in Neisseria meningitidis (NarE). NarE shows structural homologies with E. coli heat-labile enterotoxin (LT) and cholera toxin (CT) and possesses ADP-ribosylating and NAD-glycohydrolase activities. As in the case of LT and CT, NarE catalyses the transfer of the ADP-ribose moiety to arginine residues. Despite the absence of a signal peptide, the protein is efficiently exported into the periplasm of Neisseria. The narE gene is present in 25 out of 43 strains analysed, is always present in ET-5 and Lineage 3 but absent in ET-37 and Cluster A4 hypervirulent lineages. When present, the gene is 100% conserved in sequence and is inserted upstream of and co-transcribed with the lipoamide dehydrogenase E3 gene. Possible roles in the pathogenesis of N. meningitidis are discussed.
Novel 2-methoxyestradiol analogues with antitumor activity. (2003)

2-Methoxyestradiol (2-ME2) is a natural estrogen metabolite that, while devoid of estrogenic effects, has both antiangiogenic and antitumor effects. 2-ME2 is currently being evaluated in Phase I and Phase II clinical trials for the treatment of multiple types of cancer. Novel analogues of 2-ME2 were tested for activities that predict antiangiogenic and antitumor effects. Selected analogues were tested for inhibitory activity against endothelial cell proliferation and invasion. The results show that these analogues are effective inhibitors of endothelial cell activities that may predict antiangiogenic activity, and one analogue, 2-methoxy-14-dehydroestradiol (14-dehydro-2-ME2), was 6-15-fold more potent than the parental compound in these assays. The analogues were also evaluated for inhibition of proliferation and cytotoxicity against multiple tumor cell lines and found to be potent and effective. 14-Dehydro-2-ME2 was approximately 15-fold more potent than 2-ME2 against various tumor cell lines, and 2-methoxy-15-dehydroestradiol was particularly effective against DU 145 and PC3 prostate cancer cell lines. In vivo antitumor activity was observed for the three analogues tested in the murine xenograft MDA-MB-435 model; however, 2-ME2 provided no antitumor activity in this trial. The two most effective analogues, 14-dehydro-2-ME2 and 2-methoxyestradiol-15 alpha,16 alpha-acetonide, provided 29.4% and 26.7% inhibition of tumor burden, respectively. Mechanism of action studies indicate that the analogues cause mitotic spindle disruption, mitotic arrest, microtubule depolymerization, and inhibition of the assembly of purified tubulin similar to the effects of 2-ME2. Consistent with antimitotics that inhibit the dynamic instability of tubulin and initiate apoptosis, these novel 2-ME2 analogues cause Bcl-2 phosphorylation and activation of mitogen-activated protein kinase signaling pathways.
Cell surface antigens of human bladder cancer defined by mouse monoclonal antibodies. (1984)

Mouse monoclonal antibodies were obtained by immunization with cultured human bladder cancer or lysates of bladder papilloma. They identify 11 distinct antigenic systems as defined by serological analysis of cultured cells and studies of antigen distribution in normal and neoplastic tissues. The most restricted of these antigens, Om5, defines a subset of bladder tumors. Om5 is not detected in normal bladder urothelium or in any other normal or malignant tissue. T101 and JP165 are also subset markers for bladder cancer that are not detected in normal tissues. T16, T43, T87, and J143 (antigens represented on many cultured cells) are found in specific areas of the normal urinary tract and in a distinctive range of other normal and malignant cell types--e.g., T16 expression in pluristratified epithelium of skin, exocervix, and esophagus. T138 antigen is also a common feature of cultured cell lines, but its expression in sections of normal tissues is restricted to endothelial cells. In contrast, T110 is poorly represented on cultured cells but can be detected in culture supernatants. Localization of T110 in normal tissues showed that it is a component of the extracellular matrix. All determinants detected by this series of antibodies are heat labile and not related to A, B, H, I, Lewis blood group antigens. Six of the antibodies immunoprecipitated glycoproteins from radiolabeled cell lysates: AbT16 (Mrs 48,000 and 42,000), AbT87 (Mr 60,000), AbT43 (Mr 85,000), AbJ143 (Mr 140,000, 120,000, 60,000), AbT43 (Mr 85,000), AbJ143 (Mr 140,000, 120,000, and 30,000), and AbT110 (Mr 240,000).
Comment on progress in scandate cathodes (1989)

Emission capability and emission recovery after ion bombardment are discussed. Impregnated top-layer scandate cathodes show better performance than cathodes with a mixed matrix of tungsten and scandia and impregnated cathodes with a sputtered layer consisting of tungsten and scandia. The recovery of scandate cathodes has been considerably improved, and it has been shown that fast emission recovery after ion bombardment is most probably feasible at a cathode operating temperature of 950 degrees C/sub b/.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
PET imaging of tumor glycolysis downstream of hexokinase through noninvasive measurement of pyruvate kinase M2 (2015)

Cancer cells reprogram their metabolism to meet increased biosynthetic demands, commensurate with elevated rates of replication. Pyruvate kinase M2 (PKM2) catalyzes the final and rate-limiting step in tumor glycolysis, controlling the balance between energy production and the synthesis of metabolic precursors. We report here the synthesis and evaluation of a positron emission tomography (PET) radiotracer, [(11)C]DASA-23, that provides a direct noninvasive measure of PKM2 expression in preclinical models of glioblastoma multiforme (GBM). In vivo, orthotopic U87 and GBM39 patient-derived tumors were clearly delineated from the surrounding normal brain tissue by PET imaging, corresponding to exclusive tumor-associated PKM2 expression. In addition, systemic treatment of mice with the PKM2 activator TEPP-46 resulted in complete abrogation of the PET signal in intracranial GBM39 tumors. Together, these data provide the basis for the clinical evaluation of imaging agents that target this important gatekeeper of tumor glycolysis.