gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A Proposed Method for High Efficiency Electrical Energy Storage Using Solid Oxide Cells (2011)

Large-scale electrical energy storage is becoming increasingly necessary due to the continued growth of intermittent renewable sources such as wind and solar. Reversible solid oxide cells (SOCs) have many desirable attributes for this application, but round trip efficiency is expected to be relatively low. Here we use thermodynamic calculations and gas chromatography measurements to demonstrate a reversible SOC storage chemistry where the fuel cycles between H2O-CO2-rich and CH4-H2-rich gases, enabled by operating at reduced temperature and/or increased pressure. The CH4-forming electrolysis reactions are less endothermic than the usual H2- or CO-forming reactions, thereby allowing an improved round-trip efficiency. SOC requirements for this application are discussed.
Modeling the Fault Tolerance Consequences of Deduplication (2011)

Modern storage systems are employing data deduplication with increasing frequency. Often the storage systems on which these techniques are deployed contain important data, and utilize fault-tolerant hardware and software to improve the reliability of the system and reduce data loss. We suggest that data deduplication introduces inter-file relationships that may have a negative impact on the fault tolerance of such systems by creating dependencies that can increase the severity of data loss events. We present a framework composed of data analysis methods and a model of data deduplication that is useful in studying the reliability impact of data deduplication. The framework is useful for determining a deduplication strategy that is estimated to satisfy a set of reliability constraints supplied by a user.
Hybrid holographic system (1972)

Improved holographic system has high degree of resolution and capability of providing a hologram of a moving object without requiring that the system have a high mechanical stability.
Expression of tumor suppressor REIC/Dkk-3 by a newly improved adenovirus vector with insertion of a hTERT promoter at the 3′-side of the transgene (2017)

Reduced expression in immortalized cells (REIC)/Dickkopf-3 (Dkk-3) overexpression, induced using an adenovirus (Ad)-REIC, has been revealed to have a dramatic therapeutic effect on multiple types of cancer. To achieve an improved therapeutic effect from Ad-REIC on cancer, our group previously developed an enhanced gene expression system, the C-TSC cassette [cytomegalovirus (CMV)-RU5' located upstream (C); another promoter unit composed of triple tandem promoters, human telomerase reverse transcriptase (hTERT), simian virus 40 and CMV, located downstream of the cDNA (TSC); plus a polyadenylation (polyA) signal]. When applied to the conventional Ad-REIC, this novel system induced the development of an enhanced product, Ad-C-TSC-REIC, which exhibited a noticeable anticancer effect. However, there were difficulties in terms of Ad-C-TSC-REIC productivity in HEK293 cells, which are a widely used donor cell line for viral production. Productivity of Ad-C-TSC-REIC was significantly reduced compared with the conventional Ad-REIC, as the Ad-C-TSC-REIC had a significantly higher ability to induce apoptotic cell death of not only various types of cancer cell, but also HEK293 cells. The present study aimed to overcome this problem by modifying the C-TSC structure, resulting in an improved candidate: A C-T cassette (C: CMV-RU5' located upstream; T: another promoter unit composed of a single hTERT promoter, located downstream of the cDNA plus a polyA signal), which demonstrated gene expression comparable to that of the C-TSC system. The improved adenovirus REIC/Dkk-3 product with the C-T cassette, named Ad-C-T-REIC, exhibited a higher expression level of REIC/Dkk3, similar to that of Ad-C-TSC-REIC. Notably, the vector mitigated the cell death of donor HEK293 cells, resulting in a higher rate of production of its adenovirus. These results indicated that Ad-C-T-REIC has the potential to be a useful tool for application in cancer gene therapy.
ZNF217 Is a Marker of Poor Prognosis in Breast Cancer That Drives Epithelial–Mesenchymal Transition and Invasion (2012)

The Krüppel-like zinc finger protein ZNF217 is a candidate oncogene in breast cancer. In this study, we showed that high levels of expression of ZNF217 mRNA are associated with poor prognosis and the development of metastases in breast cancer. Overexpression of ZNF217 in breast cancer cells stimulated migration and invasion in vitro and promoted the development of spontaneous lung or node metastases in mice in vivo. ZNF217 also promoted epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) in human mammary epithelial cells, and the TGF-β-activated Smad signaling pathway was identified as a major driver of ZNF217-induced EMT. In addition, a TGF-β autocrine loop sustained activation of the TGF-β pathway in ZNF217-overexpressing mammary epithelial cells, most likely because of ZNF217-mediated direct upregulation of TGFB2 or TGFB3. Inhibition of the TGF-β pathway led to the reversal of ZNF217-mediated EMT. Together, our findings indicate that ZNF217 mRNA expression may represent a novel prognostic biomarker in breast cancer. Therapeutic targeting of ZNF217 of the TGF-β signaling pathway may benefit the subset of patients whose tumors express high levels of ZNF217.
Analysis of a fixed-complexity sphere decoding method for spatial multiplexing MIMO (2009)

This study investigated the psychometric properties of the Insomnia Severity Index (ISI) in substance-using Ethiopian adults. A simple random sampling of houses and a purposive sampling selection was performed in Mizan city, Ethiopia (<i>n</i> = 406). Participants completed the ISI and a meta-cognition questionnaire and sociodemographic information. IBM SPSS software with Amos was used for data analysis. There was no major ceiling or floor effect in the ISI scores. The internal consistency (Cronbach's alpha = 0.68 and 0.78) and internal homogeneity (moderate to strong item-total ISI score correlations; <i>r</i> ≥ 0.47) were adequate. All of the ISI (item as well as total) scores correlated with the meta-cognition total scores (<i>r</i> = 0.16-0.44; <i>p</i> < .01). The exploratory factor analysis results were heterogeneous. However, the confirmatory factor analysis favored a 2-factor model. The ISI has good psychometric validity among Ethiopian adults with substance use.
Fabrication and Degradation of Nanofibers Based on Luminescent Boron Dye-PLGA Blends (2010)

Light emitting, oxygen sensing boron biomaterials fabricated as nanofibers could play useful roles in tissue engineering. As has been demonstrated with boron polylactide nanoparticles in tumor models, these dual emissive biomaterials can serve as ratiometric oxygen sensors with excellent spatial and temporal resolution. Imaging oxygenation is also important in tissue engineering contexts to assess nutrient flow, cell and tissue viability, and to correlate this important physiological parameter with other variables important to successful transplantation, regeneration, and healing. As a first step toward these ends, here we report the fabrication of boron dye/polylactide blends as nanofibers via electrospinning. Optical characterization of nanofibers and preliminary degradation studies are presented.
Overview of Mechanisms and Uses of <i>Trichoderma</i> spp. (2006)

ABSTRACT Fungi in the genus Trichoderma have been known since at least the 1920s for their ability to act as biocontrol agents against plant pathogens. Until recently, the principal mechanisms for control have been assumed to be those primarily acting upon the pathogens and included mycoparasitism, antibiosis, and competition for resources and space. Recent advances demonstrate that the effects of Trichoderma on plants, including induced systemic or localized resistance, are also very important. These fungi colonize the root epidermis and outer cortical layers and release bioactive molecules that cause walling off of the Trichoderma thallus. At the same time, the transcriptome and the proteome of plants are substantially altered. As a consequence, in addition to induction of pathways for resistance in plants, increased plant growth and nutrient uptake occur. However, at least in maize, the increased growth response is genotype specific, and some maize inbreds respond negatively to some strains. Trichoderma spp. are beginning to be used in reasonably large quantities in plant agriculture, both for disease control and yield increases. The studies of mycoparasitism also have demonstrated that these fungi produce a rich mixture of antifungal enzymes, including chitinases and beta-1,3 glucanases. These enzymes are synergistic with each other, with other antifungal enzymes, and with other materials. The genes encoding the enzymes appear useful for producing transgenic plants resistant to diseases and the enzymes themselves are beneficial for biological control and other processes.
Design of HIV-1 Protease Inhibitors with C3-Substituted Hexahydrocyclopentafuranyl Urethanes as P2-Ligands: Synthesis, Biological Evaluation, and Protein–Ligand X-ray Crystal Structure (2011)

We report the design, synthesis, biological evaluation, and the X-ray crystal structure of a novel inhibitor bound to the HIV-1 protease. Various C3-functionalized cyclopentanyltetrahydrofurans (Cp-THF) were designed to interact with the flap Gly48 carbonyl or amide NH in the S2-subsite of the HIV-1 protease. We investigated the potential of those functionalized ligands in combination with hydroxyethylsulfonamide isosteres. Inhibitor 26 containing a 3-(R)-hydroxyl group on the Cp-THF core displayed the most potent enzyme inhibitory and antiviral activity. Our studies revealed a preference for the 3-(R)-configuration over the corresponding 3-(S)-derivative. Inhibitor 26 exhibited potent activity against a panel of multidrug-resistant HIV-1 variants. A high resolution X-ray structure of 26-bound HIV-1 protease revealed important molecular insight into the ligand-binding site interactions.
Method For The Production Of Γ-linolenic Acid And/or Stearidonic Acid In Transgenic Brassicaceae And Linaceae (Patent US 8013216 B2 ) (2011)

The present invention relates to the production of γ-linolenic acid (18:3Δ6,9,12) or stearidonic acid (18:4Δ6,9,12,15) or γ-linolenic acid (18:3Δ6,9,12) and stearidonic acid (18:4Δ6,9,12,15) in transgenic plants of the family Brassicaceae, where the transgenic plants comprise at least 10% by weight of oleic acid based on the total fatty acid content and, as the result of the activity of the Δ6-desaturases used in the method, have an increased Δ6-C18-fatty acid content. The invention furthermore relates to novel nucleic acid sequences which code for the Δ6-desaturases used in the method, gene constructs comprising these nucleic acid sequences, a vector and transgenic plants comprising at least one nucleic acid sequence or a gene construct.
Infrared Pyrometers For Measuring Dust Explosion Temperatures (1982)

This paper will describe the design of two infrared optical pyrometers used to study dust explosions. One is a six-wavelength pyrometer which can measure both dust particle temperature and gas temperature by observing continuum and gas band emission in the 1 to 5µm infrared region using PbSe detectors. The second pyrometer measures particle continuum emission in the 0.8 to 1.0 µm region of the near infrared using Si detectors. Temperature data are presented for both laboratory and full-scale mine explosions.
Exosome-based detection of activating and resistance <i>EGFR</i> mutations from plasma of non-small cell lung cancer patients (2019)

Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is the most prevalent form of lung cancer and its molecular landscape has been extensively studied. The most common genetic alterations in NSCLC are mutations within the epidermal growth factor receptor (<i>EGFR</i>) gene, with frequencies between 10-40%. There are several molecular targeted therapies for patients harboring these mutations. Liquid biopsies constitute a flexible approach to monitor these mutations in real time as opposed to tissue biopsies that represent a single snap-shot in time. However, interrogating cell free DNA (cfDNA) has inherent biological limitations, especially at early or localized disease stages, where there is not enough tumor material released into the patient's circulation. We developed a qPCR- based test (ExoDx <i>EGFR</i>) that interrogates mutations within <i>EGFR</i> using Exosomal RNA/DNA and cfDNA (ExoNA) derived from plasma in a cohort of 110 NSCLC patients. The performance of the assay yielded an overall sensitivity of 90% for L858R, 83% for T790M and 73% for exon 19 indels with specificities of 100%, 100%, and 96% respectively. In a subcohort of patients with extrathoracic disease (M1b and MX) the sensitivities were 92% (L858R), 95% (T790M), and 86% (exon 19 indels) with specificity of 100%, 100% and 94% respectively.
ChemInform Abstract: High‐Pressure Transformation Toughening: A Case Study on Zirconia. (1986)

Abstract Transformation‐toughened zirconia compacts have been produced using a pressure‐induced phase of zirconia as the toughening agent.
Catalytic and regulatory properties of the heavy subunit of rat kidney gamma-glutamylcysteine synthetase. (1993)

gamma-Glutamylcysteine synthetase (rat kidney), which catalyzes the first step of GSH synthesis, can be dissociated into subunits (M(r) 73,000 and 27,700) by native gel electrophoresis after treatment with dithiothreitol (DTT); the heavy subunit, which exhibits catalytic activity and feedback inhibition by GSH (Seelig, G. F., Simondsen, R. P., and Meister, A. (1984) J. Biol. Chem. 259, 9345-9347), was cloned and sequenced (Yan, N., and Meister, A. (1990) J. Biol. Chem. 265, 1588-1593). Here, the cDNA for the heavy sub unit was expressed in Escherichia coli, and the recombinant enzyme was separated from E. coli gamma-glutamylcysteine synthetase and purified. The recombinant enzyme and the isolated heavy subunit have much lower affinity for glutamate and higher sensitivity to GSH inhibition than the holoenzyme, suggesting that the heavy subunit alone would not be very active in vivo. A GSH analog, gamma-Glu-alpha-aminobutyryl-Gly (ophthalmic acid), inhibits only slightly, but inhibits much more after treatment of the holoenzyme with DTT. In contrast, ophthalmic acid inhibits the recombinant and isolated heavy subunit enzymes substantially without DTT treatment. We conclude that (a) the light subunit has a regulatory function affecting the affinity of the enzyme for glutamate and GSH and (b) feedback inhibition by GSH involves reduction of the enzyme and also competition between GSH and glutamate for the glutamate site.
Transgenic Soybean Production of Bioactive Human Epidermal Growth Factor (EGF) (2016)

Necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) is a devastating condition of premature infants that results from the gut microbiome invading immature intestinal tissues. This results in a life-threatening disease that is frequently treated with the surgical removal of diseased and dead tissues. Epidermal growth factor (EGF), typically found in bodily fluids, such as amniotic fluid, salvia and mother's breast milk, is an intestinotrophic growth factor and may reduce the onset of NEC in premature infants. We have produced human EGF in soybean seeds to levels biologically relevant and demonstrated its comparable activity to commercially available EGF. Transgenic soybean seeds expressing a seed-specific codon optimized gene encoding of the human EGF protein with an added ER signal tag at the N' terminal were produced. Seven independent lines were grown to homozygous and found to accumulate a range of 6.7 +/- 3.1 to 129.0 +/- 36.7 μg EGF/g of dry soybean seed. Proteomic and immunoblot analysis indicates that the inserted EGF is the same as the human EGF protein. Phosphorylation and immunohistochemical assays on the EGF receptor in HeLa cells indicate the EGF protein produced in soybean seed is bioactive and comparable to commercially available human EGF. This work demonstrates the feasibility of using soybean seeds as a biofactory to produce therapeutic agents in a soymilk delivery platform.
OrganocatalytU Depolymerization of Poly(ethylene terephthalate) (2011)

We describe the organocatalytic depolymerization of polylethylene terephthalate) (PET), using a commercially available guanidine ca (TBD). Postconsumer processed with 1.0 n amount of ethylene gly atmospheric pressure t yst, 1,5,7-triazabicyclo(4.4.0)dec-5-ene ET beverage bottles were used and I % (0.7 wt %) of TBD and excess ol (EG) at 190 °C for 3.5 hours under give bis(2-hydroxyethyl) terephthalate (BHET) in 78% isolated yield. The catalyst efficiency was com- parable to other metal acetate/a I koxide catalysts that are com- monly used for depolymerization of PET. The BHET content in the glycolysis product was subject to the reagent loading. This
Adaptive Security for Smart Contracts using High Granularity Metrics (2019)

In this work, we present a systems centric approach towards implementing security in Blockchain ecosystems. First, we detail the motivation for our security approach. Then, we detail the foundation of this approach by describing the concept of inline, Non-invasive High Granularity Metrics (HGMs). Following this, we outline how such metrics can be used effectively to monitor Blockchain ecosystems to detect behavior that is not deemed secure. We describe how they can be used to build whitelist and blacklist access controls in an adaptive manner, and then describe how they can be effectively used to detect potentially malicious behavior that is not yet baked into the access control structures. Finally, we discuss scalability and potential improvements for future work.
Computer-assisted detection of systolic murmurs associated with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy: a pilot study. (2004)

A pilot study was conducted to ascertain the level of agreement between auscultatory findings derived from heart sound recordings by a cardiologist and the results of a computer-based heart sound analysis algorithm. Heart sound recordings were obtained from volunteer subjects previously diagnosed with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. Twenty-second recordings were obtained at each of 4 standard auscultatory locations on the precordium in 2 postures: standing and reclining. Detailed auscultatory findings were derived by a cardiologist, who listened to the heart sound recordings and was blinded to the study design. The recordings were analyzed by an algorithm that detects heart sounds and murmurs, and derives associated timing and energy parameters. The algorithm results were compared with the auscultatory findings provided by the cardiologist and correlated with the medical histories provided by the volunteer subjects. A high degree of concordance between the medical histories, auscultatory findings, and computer analyses was obtained. The 1st and 2nd heart sounds were detected with high sensitivity (90.7%) and positive predictivity (93.0%). Systolic murmurs were detected with a sensitivity that increased from 50% for grade 1 to 100% for grades 2-3 and 3. The signal energy in the mid-frequency range correlated well with murmur grade judgments, and also agreed well with the cardiologist's judgments of the relative loudness of murmurs in standing versus reclining postures. The computer analysis algorithm thus instantiates the objective detection and identification of apical systolic murmurs that are louder in standing than in reclining postures; such murmurs are a cardinal sign of hypertrophic obstructive cardiomyopathy.
Epitaxial growth of Al/GaAlAs films on (100) GaAs by hot vacuum deposition (1979)

Epitaxial growth of (100) GaAlAs and Al was achieved on (100) n-GaAs substrates using vacuum deposition in an ultrahigh vacuum system. In situ Auger electron analysis, microspot Auger electrospectroscopy, LEED, and reflection electron diffraction was used to characterize the films. Regions of GaAlAs and Al were identified. Electrical measurements indicated the presence of a stable Schottky barrier with a barrier height of 0.76 eV.
Accurate measurement of interferometer group delay using field-compensated scanning white light interferometer (2010)

Interferometers are key elements in radial velocity (RV) experiments in astronomy observations, and accurate calibration of the group delay of an interferometer is required for high precision measurements. A novel field-compensated white light scanning Michelson interferometer is introduced as an interferometer calibration tool. The optical path difference (OPD) scanning was achieved by translating a compensation prism, such that even if the light source were in low spatial coherence, the interference stays spatially phase coherent over a large interferometer scanning range. In the wavelength region of 500-560 nm, a multimode fiber-coupled LED was used as the light source, and high optical efficiency was essential in elevating the signal-to-noise ratio of the interferogram signal. The achromatic OPD scanning required a one-time calibration, and two methods using dual-laser wavelength references and an iodine absorption spectrum reference were employed and cross-verified. In an experiment measuring the group delay of a fixed Michelson interferometer, Fourier analysis was employed to process the interferogram data. The group delay was determined at an accuracy of 1×10(-5), and the phase angle precision was typically 2.5×10(-6) over the wide wavelength region.
Synthesis and antifungal activities of some thiolane-triazole derivatives. (1990)

As part of our search for active agents against systemic fungal infections, a new series of triazole compounds with a thiolane ring was synthesized. Their antifungal activities were investigated in vitro and in vivo. Some of these thiolanetriazoles showed promising activity, comparable to that of ketoconazole, against a mouse systemic Candida albicans infection, after oral or parenteral dosing.
Block and graft copolymers by selective cationic initiation. III. Synthesis and characterization of bigraft copolymers (1975)

Abstract The synthesis and characterization of new bigraft copolymers poly[(ethylene‐ co ‐propylene‐ co ‐1,4‐hexadiene)‐ g ‐styrene‐ g ‐α‐methylstyrene] (Nordel‐ g ‐PSt‐ g ‐PαMeSt) and poly[(ethylene‐ co ‐propylene‐ co ‐1,4‐hexadiene)‐ g ‐isobutylene] (Nordel‐ g ‐PSt‐ g ‐PIB) are described. The synthesis involves the use of a polyhydrocarbon backbone containing allylic chlorines and bromines (chlorobrominated Nordel) in conjunction with a suitable alkylaluminum compound to initiate selectively the polymerization of a monomer (generally styrene) from the chloride sites and subsequently to initiate the polymerization of another monomer (α‐methylstyrene or isobutylene) from the bromide sites. Conditions conductive to selective and sequential initiation have been worked out. The pure bigrafts are obtained by selective solvent extraction and their homogeneity (by gel permeation chromatography), overall composition (by nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy) and molecular weight (by osmometry) are determined.