gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Binding Characteristics of a Monoclonal β‐Endorphin Antibody Recognizing the N‐Terminus of Opioid Peptides (1983)

The present paper describes the isolation and characterization of a clone of hybrid myelomas (3-E7) secreting a mouse monoclonal antibody to beta-endorphin. An examination of its specificity against a series of human beta-lipotropin fragments and other opioid peptides revealed that the N-terminus portion of beta-endorphin is the determinant. Complete or almost complete cross-reactivity was obtained to methionine- and leucine-enkephalin, beta-lipotropin 60-65, and BAM 22; partial cross-reactivity was seen to dynorphin1-13 and alpha-neo-endorphin, whereas beta-lipotropin, alpha-N-acetyl-beta-endorphin, Des-Tyr1-beta-endorphin, in addition to a series of synthetic enkephalin derivatives, completely lacked cross-reactivity. The use of the monoclonal antibody in radioimmunoassay (RIA) for beta-endorphin resulted in a lower sensitivity related to respective polyclonal antibodies. An increase of 100% in tracer binding could, however, be obtained by use of beta-endorphin iodinated with its N-terminal tyrosine protected by coupling to an antibody. A solid-phase RIA was developed involving the internally 3H-labeled monoclonal antibody, which resulted in a 10-fold increase in sensitivity as compared with the homogenous RIA. These data indicate that for the binding to this antibody a tyrosine residue in position 61 is essential, and it thus recognizes a site that is of functional significance for many naturally occurring opioid peptides.
DESIGN AND CONSTRUCTION OF TWO FRP PEDESTRIAN BRIDGES IN HALEAKALA NATIONAL PARK, MAUI, HAWAII (1996)

The construction of two fiberglass reinforced plastic (FRP) truss bridges in Haleakala National Park on the island of Maui, in Hawaii have been investigated in this study. The two bridges, 12.3 m (40 feet) and 24.6 m (80 feet) in length, were constructed using ET Techtonics, Inc.'s new lightweight FRP building system (LONGSPAN PRESTEK). The system is constructed using fiberglass/isophthalic polyester resin channels and tubes. The case study will address the structural problems posed by the longspan nature of the project, the difficult site constraints which had to be overcome in the shipping and the erection of the bridges, and the overall advantages derived in using the LONGSPAN PRESTEK System in comparison to traditional structural systems such as wood, steel and concrete in a tropical environment of this type. It will also evaluate the aesthetic considerations in the overall design of the bridges and resulting visual image in the landscape. (A) For the covering abstract see ITRD E104933.
Effectiveness of Multilevel (Tongue and Palate) Radiofrequency Tissue Ablation for Patients with Obstructive Sleep Apnea Syndrome (2004)

Multilevel (tongue base and palate) TCRFTA is a low-morbidity, office-based procedure performed with local anesthesia and is an effective treatment option for patients with OSAS. On average, abnormalities in daytime somnolence, quality of life, and reaction time testing demonstrated improvement from baseline and were normalized after treatment. Polysomnographic respiratory parameters also demonstrated significant improvement with multilevel TCRFTA.
Experimental Demonstration of Performance Enhancement of MFMIS and MFIS for 5-nm × 12.5-nm Poly-Si Nanowire Gate-All-Around Negative Capacitance FETs Featuring Seed-Layer and PMA-Free Process (2019)

We have experimentally demonstrated fully suspended nanowire (NW) gate-all-around (GAA) negative-capacitance (NC) field-effect transistors (FETs) with ultrasmall channel dimensions (5-nm × 12.5-nm); they exhibit a remarkable I <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">on</sub> -I <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">off</sub> ratio of over 10 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">10</sup> . This work, for the first time, experimentally studies and compares the structures of metal-ferroelectric-metal-insulator-semiconductor (MFMIS) and metal-ferroelectric-insulator-semiconductor (MFIS) NCFETs. The GAA with the MFMIS structure has a higher on-state current owing to the metallic equal-potential layer and superior S.S <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">min</sub> of 39.22 mV/decade. A ZrO <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> seed-layer is inserted under HfZr <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">1-x</sub> O <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">x</sub> (HZO) to improve the ferroelectric crystallinity. Consequently, post-metal annealing (PMA), the conventional crystallization annealing step, can be omitted in the presence of o-phase. The gate current (I <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">G</sub> ) is monitored to verify the multi-domain HZO. A negative DIBL of -160 mV/V is observed because of the strong NC effect corresponding to previous simulated results.
Creation of ESL power models for communication architectures using automatic calibration (2013)

Power consumption is an important factor in chip design. The fundamental design decisions drawn during early design space exploration at electronic system level (ESL) have a large impact on the power consumption. This requires to estimate power already at ESL, which is usually not possible using standard ESL component libraries due to missing power models. This work proposes a methodology that allows extension of ESL models with a power model and to automatically calibrate it to match a power trace obtained by gate-level simulation or measurements. Two case studies show that the methodology is suitable even for complex communication architectures.
Determination of Capsaicin and Dihydrocapsaicin in <i>Capsicum</i> Fruits by Liquid Chromatography−Electrospray/Time-of-Flight Mass Spectrometry (2006)

A simple, highly selective, sensitive, and reproducible liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization/time-of-flight mass spectrometry method has been developed for the direct and simultaneous determination of capsaicin and dihydrocapsaicin in Capsicum fruit extracts. Capsaicin and dihydrocapsaicin are the two major members of the so-called capsaicinoid family, which includes other minor analogues, and usually account for at least 90% of the pungency trait in Capsicum fruits. Chromatographic separation of capsaicin and dihydrocapsaicin was achieved with a reversed-phase chromatography column, using a gradient of methanol and water. Quantification was done using as an internal standard (4,5-dimethoxybenzyl)-4-methyloctamide, a synthetic capsaicin analogue not found in nature. Analytes were base-peak resolved in less than 16 min, and limits of detection were 20 pmol for capsaicin and 4 pmol for dihydrocapsaicin. The intraday repeatability values were lower than 0.5 and 12% for retention time and peak area, respectively, whereas the interday repeatability values were lower than 0.6 and 14% for retention time and peak area, respectively. Analyte recoveries found were 86 and 93% for capsaicin and dihydrocapsaicin, respectively. The method developed has been applied to the identification and quantification of capsaicin and dihydrocapsaicin in fruit extracts from different Capsicum genotypes, and concentrations found ranged from 2 to 6639 mg kg(-1).
Time-domain full waveform inversion using instantaneous phase information with damping (2018)

In time domain, the instantaneous phase can be obtained from the complex seismic trace using Hilbert transform. The instantaneous phase information has great potential in overcoming the local minima problem and improving the result of full waveform inversion. However, the phase wrapping problem, which comes from numerical calculation, prevents its application. In order to avoid the phase wrapping problem, we choose to use the exponential phase combined with the damping method, which gives instantaneous phase-based multi-stage inversion. We construct the objective functions based on the exponential instantaneous phase, and also derive the corresponding gradient operators. Conventional full waveform inversion and the instantaneous phase-based inversion are compared with numerical examples, which indicates that in the case without low frequency information in seismic data, our method is an effective and efficient approach for initial model construction for full waveform inversion.
Energy detection threshold optimization for cooperative spectrum sensing (2010)

Cognitive radio has been recognized as one of the most promising technologies dealing with the scarcity of the radio spectrum. In cognitive radio system, with spectrum sensing, secondary users are allowed to utilize the frequency bands of primary users when the bands are idle. Hence, how to accurately detect the idle frequency bands has attracted many researchers' eyes. Energy detection is the common method for idle band detection. However, the improper energy detection threshold setting can dramatically affect the performance of the cognitive radio system. There are two types of errors in spectrum sensing: false alarm and miss-detection. The lower probability of false alarm means more underutilized spectrum can be reused by secondary users and the lower probability of miss-detection, the better primary users are protected. In this paper, we propose a fast and accurate search method for optimal local energy detection threshold, which can minimize the total errors in spectrum sensing. Simulation results show that our estimated optimal energy threshold is consistent with the actual one.
Loop assembly: a simple and open system for recursive fabrication of <scp>DNA</scp> circuits (2018)

High-efficiency methods for DNA assembly have enabled the routine assembly of synthetic DNAs of increased size and complexity. However, these techniques require customization, elaborate vector sets or serial manipulations for the different stages of assembly. We have developed Loop assembly based on a recursive approach to DNA fabrication. The system makes use of two Type IIS restriction endonucleases and corresponding vector sets for efficient and parallel assembly of large DNA circuits. Standardized level 0 parts can be assembled into circuits containing 1, 4, 16 or more genes by looping between the two vector sets. The vectors also contain modular sites for hybrid assembly using sequence overlap methods. Loop assembly enables efficient and versatile DNA fabrication for plant transformation. We show the construction of plasmids up to 16 genes and 38 kb with high efficiency (> 80%). We have characterized Loop assembly on over 200 different DNA constructs and validated the fidelity of the method by high-throughput Illumina plasmid sequencing. Our method provides a simple generalized solution for DNA construction with standardized parts. The cloning system is provided under an OpenMTA license for unrestricted sharing and open access.
Streptococcal viability and diminished stress tolerance in mutants lacking the signal recognition particle pathway or YidC2 (2005)

The signal recognition particle (SRP)-translocation pathway is conserved in all three domains of life and delivers membrane and secretory proteins to the cytoplasmic membrane or endoplasmic reticulum. We determined the requirement in the cariogenic oral pathogen Streptocococcus mutans of the three universally conserved elements of the SRP pathway: Ffh/SRP54, scRNA, and FtsY/SRalpha. Previously, we reported that insertional interruption of S. mutans ffh was not lethal, but resulted in acid sensitivity. To test whether S. mutans could survive extensive disruption of the SRP pathway, single and double deletions of genes encoding Ffh, scRNA, and FtsY were generated. Without environmental stressors, all mutant strains were viable, but unlike the wild-type, none could initiate growth at pH 5.0 or in 3.5% NaCl. Survival of challenge with 0.3 mM H(2)O(2) was also diminished without ffh. Members of the YidC/Oxa1/Alb3 family are also ubiquitous, involved in the translocation and assembly of membrane proteins, and have been identified in prokaryotes/mitochondria/chloroplasts. Two genes encoding YidC homologs, YidC1 and YidC2, are present in streptococcal genomes with both expressed in S. mutans. Deletion of YidC1 demonstrated no obvious phenotype. Elimination of YidC2 resulted in a stress-sensitive phenotype similar to SRP pathway mutants. Mutants lacking both YidC2 and SRP components were severely impaired and barely able to grow, even in the absence of environmental stress. Here, we report the dispensability of the cotranslational SRP protein translocation system in a bacterium. In S. mutans, this pathway contributes to protection against rapid environmental challenge and may overlap functionally with YidC2.
Engineering the Human Thymic Microenvironment to Support Thymopoiesis In Vivo (2014)

A system that allows manipulation of the human thymic microenvironment is needed both to elucidate the extrinsic mechanisms that control human thymopoiesis and to develop potential cell therapies for thymic insufficiency. In this report, we developed an implantable thymic microenvironment composed of two human thymic stroma populations critical for thymopoiesis; thymic epithelial cells (TECs) and thymic mesenchyme (TM). TECs and TM from postnatal human thymi were cultured in specific conditions, allowing cell expansion and manipulation of gene expression, before reaggregation into a functional thymic unit. Human CD34+ hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells (HSPC) differentiated into T cells in the aggregates in vitro and in vivo following inguinal implantation of aggregates in immune deficient mice. Cord blood HSPC previously engrafted into murine bone marrow (BM), migrated to implants, and differentiated into human T cells with a broad T cell receptor repertoire. Furthermore, lentiviral-mediated expression of vascular endothelial growth factor in TM enhanced implant size and function and significantly increased thymocyte production. These results demonstrate an in vivo system for the generation of T cells from human HSPC and represent the first model to allow manipulation of gene expression and cell composition in the microenvironment of the human thymus.
CO<sub>2</sub>Transport in Polysulfone Membranes Containing Zeolitic Imidazolate Frameworks As Determined by Permeation and PFG NMR Techniques (2009)

This work describes the preparation of mixed matrix membranes by casting from poly(1,4-phenylene ether−ether−sulfone) chloroform solutions containing dispersed zeolitic imidazolate frameworks. Diffusive studies of CO2 in the pristine poly(1,4-phenylene ether−ether−sulfone) membrane and composite membranes were performed at 6 bar and 298 K, using pulsed field gradient NMR techniques. The evolution of the heterogeneity of the diffusion environments as seen by NMR was monitored in terms of the diffusion time and a stretching parameter. The values of the self-diffusion coefficient increase with filler content, from 2.1 × 10−8 cm2 s−1 for pristine membranes to 9.3 × 10−8 cm2 s−1 for membranes with 30 wt % of filler. Sorption and permeation experiments carried out at different pressures were used to determine the dual-mode model parameters that describe the transport processes. Apparent diffusion coefficients of CO2 in the membranes were obtained from the time lag method, from parameters of the dual-mode model, and directly from the derivatives of the steady flux, expressed in terms of concentration and pressure, with respect to pressure. In general, the values of the apparent diffusion coefficients obtained by the three methods for pristine membranes are in rather good agreement with the self-diffusion coefficient obtained by the NMR technique. In composite membranes, the values of the self-diffusion coefficients are nearly 2 times those obtained using permeation and sorption experiments. The discrepancies between the values of the self-diffusion coefficients and the results obtained for the diffusion coefficient by other techniques are discussed. The filler contributes greatly to gas permeation by increasing the gas solubility in the composite membranes.
Rear Seat Restraint System Optimization for Older Children in Frontal Crashes (2013)

The balance of reducing head and knee excursions and preventing submarining indicates that an optimization approach is necessary to improve protection for 6- to 12-year-old child occupants. The findings of this study provided design guidelines for future rear seat restraint system.
A modified direct power control strategy allowing the connection of three-phase inverter to the grid through LCL filters (2005)

This paper proposes a novel approach to adapt the conventional direct power control (DPC) for high power applications with a third order LCL filter. The strong resonance present in the LCL filter is damped with additional effort in the system control. The application of DPC to the control of three-phase voltage source inverter (VSI) connected to the grid through a LCL filter has not yet been considered. An active damping strategy for the LCL filter together with harmonic rejection control is proposed over the conventional DPC. The steady state as well as the dynamic performance of the proposed system is presented by means of the simulation results and compared with the conventional approach.
Evidence for the Existence of an Effective Interfacial Tension between Miscible Fluids:  Isobutyric Acid−Water and 1-Butanol−Water in a Spinning-Drop Tensiometer (2006)

We report definitive evidence for an effective interfacial tension between two types of miscible fluids using spinning-drop tensiometry (SDT). Isobutyric acid (IBA) and water have an upper critical solution temperature (UCST) of 26.3 degrees C. We created a drop of the IBA-rich phase in the water-rich phase below the UCST and then increased the temperature above it. Long after the fluids have reached thermal equilibrium, the drop persists. By plotting the inverse of the drop radius cubed (r(-)(3)) vs the rotation rate squared (omega(2)), we confirmed that an interfacial tension exists and estimated its value. The transition between the miscible fluids remained sharp instead of becoming more diffuse, and the drop volume decreased with time. We observed droplet breakup via the Rayleigh-Tomotika instability above the UCST when the rotation rate was decreased by 80%, again demonstrating the existence of an effective interfacial tension. When pure IBA was injected into water above the UCST, drops formed inside the main drop even as the main drop decreased in volume with time. We also studied 1-butanol in water below the solubility limit. Effective interfacial tension values measured over time were practically constant, while the interface between the two phases remains sharp as the volume of the drop declines. The effective interfacial tension was found to be insensitive to changes in temperature and always larger than the equilibrium interfacial tension. Although these results may not apply to all miscible fluids, they clearly show that an effective interfacial tension can exist and be measured by SDT for some systems.
Lentiviral vectors escape innate sensing but trigger p53 in human hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells (2017)

Clinical application of lentiviral vector (LV)-based hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells (HSPC) gene therapy is rapidly becoming a reality. Nevertheless, LV-mediated signaling and its potential functional consequences on HSPC biology remain poorly understood. We unravel here a remarkably limited impact of LV on the HSPC transcriptional landscape. LV escaped innate immune sensing that instead led to robust IFN responses upon transduction with a gamma-retroviral vector. However, reverse-transcribed LV DNA did trigger p53 signaling, activated also by non-integrating Adeno-associated vector, ultimately leading to lower cell recovery <i>ex vivo</i> and engraftment <i>in vivo</i> These effects were more pronounced in the short-term repopulating cells while long-term HSC frequencies remained unaffected. Blocking LV-induced signaling partially rescued both apoptosis and engraftment, highlighting a novel strategy to further dampen the impact of <i>ex vivo</i> gene transfer on HSPC. Overall, our results shed light on viral vector sensing in HSPC and provide critical insight for the development of more stealth gene therapy strategies.
Non-binary adaptive LDPC codes for frequency selective channels: code construction and iterative decoding (2006)

We propose a new type of non-binary LDPC codes defined over multiple Galois fields. The so called multi-Galois LDPC code can adapt to the profile of a frequency selective channel and is suitable for multi-carrier transmissions with quadrature amplitude modulations
Fusion of Remotely Sensed Displacement Measurements: Current status and challenges (2016)

Nowadays, data fusion constitutes the key subject in numerous applications of remotely sensed displacement measurements, with the increasing availability of remote sensing data and the requirement of improving the measurement accuracy. This article addresses the current status and challenges in the fusion of remotely sensed displacement measurements. An overview is given to discuss the remote sensing sources and techniques extensively used for displacement measurement and the recent development and achievement of displacement measurements fusion. The fusion between displacement measurements and the integration of a geophysical model are discussed. The fusion strategies and uncertainty propagation approaches are illustrated in two main applications: 1) the surface displacement measurements fusion to retrieve surface displacement with a reduced uncertainty in case of redundancy, with larger spatial extension, or of a higher level in case of complementarity, and 2) the surface displacement measurements fusion to estimate the geometrical parameters of a physical deformation model in case of redundancy and complementarity. Finally, the current status and challenges of remotely sensed displacement measurements fusion are highlighted. Moreover, some potential ways to deal with heterogeneous data types and to assimilate remote sensing data into physical models to realize near-real-time displacement monitoring are proposed.
Enhanced online PD evaluation on power transformers using wavelet techniques and frequency rejection filter for noise suppression (2003)

In this contribution different digital filtering algorithms, which use new approaches like the wavelet transform as well as a new introduced adaptive frequency rejection filter in the frequency domain, are investigated concerning their ability to suppress different kinds of noise as they appear during online partial discharge (PD) measurements on power transformers. Therefore various investigations on measured PD signals in the laboratory superimposed by synthetically generated noises have been performed leading to recommendations how different noise types can be efficiently suppressed.