gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of a Purified Enzyme Blend for the Recovery and Function of Canine Pancreatic Islets (1998)

Recently developed technologies enabling the production of a reproducible, purified enzyme blend for optimal human pancreatic islet isolation has renewed interest in clinical islet transplantation. The canine model has been an ideal preclinical model for the development of islet transplantation protocols. As seen in other species, the application of crude collagenase for isolating canine islets resulted in highly variable islet yields, extensive islet fragmentation, and variable islet functionality. We compared the function of commercially available crude collagenases with that of Liberase ™ -CI purified enzyme blend for canine islet isolation. We also compared two manufacturing runs of Liberase-CI enzyme (lots 1 and 2) to demonstrate reproducibility of islet recovery and function. We report on the improved recovery and function of islets isolated using Liberase-CI enzyme. No difference in dog age, mean body weight, or pancreas weight were observed between the experimental groups. We observed a significantly higher postpurification recovery of islet equivalent number (IE) from pancreases processed using two lots of Liberase-CI enzyme (189 ± 20 × 103 IE, n = 4) and lot 2 (234 ± 39 × 10 3 IE, n = 7) than that obtained from pancreases processed with Sigma Type V (116.8 ± 27 × 10 3 IE, n = 5), Serva collagenase (49 ± 11.6 × 10 3 IE, n = 5, p < 0.05) or Boehringer–Mannheim (BM) Type P collagenase (85.4 ± 25 × 10 3 IE, n = 5, p < 0.05, ANOVA). No significant differences were observed in islet yield recovery from pancreases processed using the two production lots of Liberase-CI enzyme. Islet survival after 48 h in culture at 37°C was significantly higher from islets isolated using Liberase-CI enzyme (88 ± 3.7% survival) when compared to Sigma Type V (81.8 ± 3.3%), Serva (71.7 ± 2.8%), and BM Type P (77 ± 7.2%) (p < 0.05). Islet functional testing in vitro demonstrated islets isolated using crude collagenase had an increased insulin basal release and a reduced insulin stimulated response when compared with islets isolated using the two lots of Liberase-CI enzyme. The calculated stimulation index was 7.8 ± 1.7, 3.1 ± 0.6, and 4.8 ± 1.1 for Sigma Type V, Serva, and BM Type P isolated islets, respectively, compared to 15.7 ± 1.6 and 16.2 ± 1.9 for islets isolated with Liberase-CI enzyme production lots 1 and 2, respectively (p < 0.05). This evaluation demonstrates that a purified enzyme blend can significantly improve islet recovery and function. It also demonstrates the manufacturing reproducibility of Liberase-CI enzyme lots resulting in the isolation of canine islets with the same degree of efficacy. A blend of purified enzymes, specifically formulated for canine islet isolation, can consistently yield large numbers of islets that survive longer in culture and demonstrate an improved insulin response in vitro.
High-resolution electron holography (1991)

The performance of an electron microscope usually is described in Fourier space by means of the wave transfer function WTF(R) = B(R) exp(iχ(R)) with the pupil function B(R) and the wave aberration χ(R). R means the spatial frequency, rotational symmetry is assumed. The exp(iχ(R)) term describes the coherent transfer of the object wave a(r)exp(iφ(r)) into the image wave A(r)exp(iФ(r)). For weak specimen (a≈1 and φ<<27π) this transfer can be sketched by means of fig. 1 which shows that a mixing occurs between the amplitudes and phases according to the respective transfer functions cosχ and sinχ. Usually, it is desirable to direct by an appropriate wave aberration x the phase of the object wave - containing the most interesting information about the object structure - into the image intensity A 2 . This is achieved best at Scherzer focus, however, only a comparably narrow band of spatial frequencies is evenly transferred. Lower spatial frequencies (“Large area phase contrast“) are not found in the image.
Deep learning for biomedical texture image analysis (2017)

This paper shows promising results in the application of Convolutional Neural Networks (CNN) to biomedical imaging. Texture is often dominant in biomedical imaging and its analysis is essential to automatically obtain meaningful information. Therefore, we introduce a method using a Texture CNN for the classification of biomedical images. We test our approach on three datasets of liver tissues images and significantly improve the state of the art.
Inhibitors of Sialyltransferases: Potential Roles in Tumor Growth and Metastasis (2003)

For over thirty years it has been evident that there is altered glycosyltransferase activity in neoplastic tissue when compared to healthy tissue. It has also long been speculated that disruption of the neoplastic expression of sialic acid on cellular glycoconjugates, is a valid target in anti-metastatic therapeutic development. Over the years attempts have been made to synthesize inhibitors of sialyltransferases in a effort to assist in the validation or dissolution of these enzymes as potential therapeutic targets.
A modified fountain spectrometer for measuring double differential cross sections in ion-atom collisions (1984)

An electron energy analyser has been designed using the concept of the 'fountain spectrometer' and the 30 degrees plane electrostatic field configuration. The advantages of the design are that measurements at a number of scattering angles from 0 to 120 degrees can be made simultaneously. The performance of the analyser is illustrated by measurements of the electron distributions from H+ on He collisions, which show the processes of charge exchange into the continuum and autoionisation of the doubly excited He atom.
Primary Seronegative but Molecularly Evident Hepadnaviral Infection Engages Liver and Induces Hepatocarcinoma in the Woodchuck Model of Hepatitis B (2014)

Hepadnavirus at very low doses establishes in woodchucks asymptomatic, serologically undetectable but molecularly evident persistent infection. This primary occult infection (POI) preferentially engages the immune system and initiates virus-specific T cell response in the absence of antiviral antibody induction. The current study aimed to determine whether POI with time may culminate in serologically identifiable infection and hepatitis, and what are, if any, its pathological consequences. Juvenile woodchucks were intravenously injected with inocula containing 10 or 100 virions of woodchuck hepatitis virus (WHV) to induce POI and followed for life or up to 5.5 years thereafter. All 10 animals established molecularly detectable infection with virus DNA in serum (<100-200 copies/mL) and in circulating lymphoid cells, but serum WHV surface antigen and antibodies to WHV core antigen remained undetectable for life. By approximately 2.5-3.5 years post-infection, circulating virus transiently increased to 103 copies/mL and virus replication became detectable in the livers, but serological markers of infection and biochemical or histological evidence of hepatitis remained undetectable. Nonetheless, typical hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) developed in 2/10 animals. WHV DNA integration into hepatic and lymphatic system genomes was identified in 9/10 animals. Virus recovered from the liver virus-negative or virus-positive phases of POI displayed the wild-type sequence and transmitted infection to healthy woodchucks causing hepatitis and HCC. In summary, for the first time, our data demonstrate that an asymptomatic hepadnaviral persistence initiated by very small amounts of otherwise pathogenic virus, advancing in the absence of traditional serological markers of infection and hepatitis, coincides with virus DNA integration into the host's hepatic and immune system genomes, retains liver pro-oncogenic potency and is capable of transmitting liver pathogenic infection. This emphasizes the role for primary occult hepatitis B virus infection in the development of seemingly cyptogenic HCC in seronegative but virus DNA reactive patients.
Isoflavone glucosides exist as their 6''-O-malonyl esters in Pueraria lobata and its cell suspension cultures. (1992)

Methanol extracts prepared by mild and careful procedure from cultured cells of P___-. lobata were analyzed by reverse phase high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) to reveal that most of the isoflavone 7-O___--glucosides daidzin(1) and genistin(2), and 8-C___--glucoside puerarin(3), exist as their 6"-O___--malonyl esters. The presence of malonyl esters of 1, 2 and 3 was also detected in the fresh roots and stems of P___-. lobata.
MECHANICAL PROPERTIES OF Sn3.5Ag AND Sn3.8Ag0.7Cu SOLDER BALLS FOR BGA PACKAGE (2007)

The use of Sn3.5Ag and Sn3.8Ag0.7Cu solder ball alloys on Ball Grid Array (BGA) components with Cu/Ni/Au pad finishing were characterised in order to identify the most suitable in respect of reliability of BGA package. The melting point of the solder ball alloys were studied using Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC). The Solder ball shear and cold pull strength tests were carried out after ball attach, high temperature storage (HTS) and multiple reflow to obtain the mechanical properties. Drop Tests also carried out to evaluate joints robustness againt vibration and impact shock. Melting properties and mechanical strength suggest that SnAg posses better overall performance. Thus, SnAg eutectic solder may be considered as a potential candidate for lead-free solder joint improvement, at least in term of mechanical strength and package robustness.
Image authentication based on QR decomposition and sinusoid (2016)

In this paper, we proposed a fragile watermarking scheme based on QR decomposition and sinusoid. The watermark was embedded into the image by modifying the elements of matrix R according to the properties of sine wave. To ensure the valid modification of matrix R, we built rules to define allowable modification ranges. In addition, we designed a two-phase tampering detection to decrease the false negative rate. The experimental results showed that the quality of the watermarked image was good and the tampering detection was effective.
Recent Advances in Nanomaterial‐Modified Pencil Graphite Electrodes for Electroanalysis (2015)

Abstract Pencil graphite electrodes (PGEs) have several advantages over other carbon‐based or commercial metal electrodes, including widespread availability, very low cost, and ease of modification. To make the best use of PGEs in electroanalysis, significant recent advances in the development of different nanomaterial‐PGEs have been observed. The literature published up to mid‐2015 is summarized in the present review, with a focus on the various methodologies used to readily modify graphite pencil electrodes using nanomaterials. This review also touches on the surface characterization of these electrodes and their potential applications in a variety of electrochemical detection applications. The review outlines the scope for further research in this area and discusses the importance of surface modifications of conventional PGE electrodes using nanomaterials or a combination of nanomaterials and electroactive polymers.
Ambipolarity Factor of Tunneling Field-Effect Transistors (TFETs) (2011)

The ambipolar behavior of tunneling fieldeffect transistors (TFETs) has been investigated quantitatively by introducing a novel parameter: ambipolarity factor (ν). It has been found that the malfunction of TFET can result from the ambipolar state which is not on- or off- state. Therefore, the effect of ambipolar behavior on the device performance should be parameterized quantitatively, and this has been successfully evaluated as a function of device structure, gate oxide thickness, supply voltage, drain doping concentration and body doping concentration by using ν.
Internal Damage to Optical Glasses with 3 ns-Pulse Laser (1981)

The beam of a 3 ns pulse laser (1060 nm) is focussed with a convex lense with 1,1 m focal length. The glass sample to be tested is 20 mm thick: its rear surface has a distance of 100 mm from the focus. The part of the sample which will be shot is illuminated with a Xenon lamp and inspected with a microscope with four fold magnification before and after the shot. In each case a photo is taken. Two types of internal damage are to be recognized: pointlike damage and threadlike damage. Some glass types show only pointlike damage, even at higher energies (applied energy densities up to 65 J/cm2); other glass types show only threadlike damage caused by self-focussing (dependent to the n2-value). In the most cases both damage types occur but at different levels of energy densities. In BK 1 and BK 7 glass no internal damage is to be seen when applying energy densities up to 65 J/cm2.
Interspecies Interaction between <i>Pseudomonas aeruginosa</i> and Other Microorganisms (2013)

Microbes interact with each other in multicellular communities and this interaction enables certain microorganisms to survive in various environments. Pseudomonas aeruginosa is a highly adaptable bacterium that ubiquitously inhabits diverse environments including soil, marine habitats, plants and animals. Behind this adaptivity, P. aeruginosa has abilities not only to outcompete others but also to communicate with each other to develop a multispecies community. In this review, we focus on how P. aeruginosa interacts with other microorganisms. P. aeruginosa secretes antimicrobial chemicals to compete and signal molecules to cooperate with other organisms. In other cases, it directly conveys antimicrobial enzymes to other bacteria using the Type VI secretion system (T6SS) or membrane vesicles (MVs). Quorum sensing is a central regulatory system used to exert their ability including antimicrobial effects and cooperation with other microbes. At least three quorum sensing systems are found in P. aeruginosa, Las, Rhl and Pseudomonas quinolone signal (PQS) systems. These quorum-sensing systems control the synthesis of extracellular antimicrobial chemicals as well as interaction with other organisms via T6SS or MVs. In addition, we explain the potential of microbial interaction analysis using several micro devices, which would bring fresh sensitivity to the study of interspecies interaction between P. aeruginosa and other organisms.
On the Interaction of Object-Oriented Design Patterns and Programming Languages (2019)

Design patterns are distilled from many real systems to catalog common programming practice. However, some object-oriented design patterns are distorted or overly complicated because of the lack of supporting programming language constructs or mechanisms. For this paper, we have analyzed several published design patterns looking for idiomatic ways of working around constraints of the implementation language. From this analysis, we lay a groundwork of general-purpose language constructs and mechanisms that, if provided by a statically typed, object-oriented language, would better support the implementation of design patterns and, transitively, benefit the construction of many real systems. In particular, our catalog of language constructs includes subtyping separate from inheritance, lexically scoped closure objects independent of classes, and multimethod dispatch. The proposed constructs and mechanisms are not radically new, but rather are adopted from a variety of languages and programming language research and combined in a new, orthogonal manner. We argue that by describing design patterns in terms of the proposed constructs and mechanisms, pattern descriptions become simpler and, therefore, accessible to a larger number of language communities. Constructs and mechanisms lacking in a particular language can be implemented using paradigmatic idioms.
Production of tannase through submerged fermentation of tannin-containing plant extracts by Bacillus licheniformis KBR6. (2006)

Tannins are water-soluble polyphenolic compounds found in plants as secondary metabolites. The presence of these substances in the barks of eight different plants was initially examined and their crude extracts were used separately as a substrate for production of tannase through submerged fermentation by Bacillus licheniformis KBR6. Tannase production as well as biodegradation of the substrate reached a maximum within 15 to 18 h against crude tannin extract obtained from Anacardium occidentale. Among different concentrations of the crude tannin tested, 0.5% (w/v) induced maximum synthesis of enzyme. Tannase production was higher by almost two-fold in the presence of crude tannin compared to pure tannic acid used as a substrate. It seems that industrial production of tannase, using bark extract of A. occidentale can be a very simple and suitable alternative to presently used procedures.
Functional salivary gland regeneration by transplantation of a bioengineered organ germ (2013)

Abstract Salivary gland hypofunction, also known as xerostomia, occurs as a result of radiation therapy for head cancer, Sjögren’s syndrome or aging, and can cause a variety of critical oral health issues, including dental decay, bacterial infection, mastication dysfunction, swallowing dysfunction and reduced quality of life. Here we demonstrate the full functional regeneration of a salivary gland that reproduces the morphogenesis induced by reciprocal epithelial and mesenchymal interactions through the orthotopic transplantation of a bioengineered salivary gland germ as a regenerative organ replacement therapy. The bioengineered germ develops into a mature gland through acinar formations with a myoepithelium and innervation. The bioengineered submandibular gland produces saliva in response to the administration of pilocarpine and gustatory stimulation by citrate, protects against oral bacterial infection and restores normal swallowing in a salivary gland-defective mouse model. This study thus provides a proof-of-concept for bioengineered salivary gland regeneration as a potential treatment of xerostomia.
The determination of residual stresses in plastic pipe and their role in fracture (1981)

Abstract A method for the determination of residual stresses in plastic pipe by layer removal and subsequent slitting is described. Results are analyzed from deflections measured on a high density polyethylene pipe. The use of these data in the calculation of K I around a semi‐elliptical flaw at the pipe wall is then discussed.
Synthesis and properties of a novel poly(diethynylbenzene-siloxane) resin (2012)

A novel kind of resin poly(diethynylbenzene-siloxane) was synthesized. The resin was easily processable at room temperature and thermally polymerized above 180 °C to form a heat-resistant thermoset. The progress and the nature of polymerization reaction were studied by Fourier transform Infrared spectrometry and differential scanning calorimetry. The conversion of the resin to a highly cross-linked thermoset was discussed. The cross-linked resin exhibited high thermal stability. The sintered product of the crosslinked resin above 1450 °C was analyzed by X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy and energy dispersive X-ray spectrometry.
A Micro-LED Driver with Bandwidth Expansion for Visible Light Communications (2017)

Visible light communication (VLC) using LEDs has generated strong research interest recently [1, 2]. Many existing LEDs in display applications can be employed as transmitters for the further deployment of VLC. The first active matrix LED (AMLED) micro-display with an embedded VLC transmitter was reported in [2], with a 5-Mb/s modulation bit rate. This paper presents an AMLED system, consisting of a proposed CMOS pixel driver and a flip-chip bonded blue gallium nitride (GaN) micro-LED (μLED) array with 36×64 pixels of 40×40 μm 2 , for simultaneous display and VLC applications. Measurement results show that the proposed pixel driver can achieve a 20-Mb/s bit rate at 10 cm, which is four times as large as the 5-Mb/s modulation bit rate in [2].
Fault Diagnosis Method of Photovoltaic Array Based on BP Neural Network (2019)

Abstract Photovoltaic arrays are prone to various failures due to long-term work. In order to quickly and accurately diagnose the type of failure of the PV array and implement online monitoring of the PV array, this paper proposes the BP neural network for PV array fault diagnosis, and proposes a network search method when training BP neural network. And the K-cross-validation method is used to select the number of hidden layer nodes. The BP neural network fault diagnosis model designed and trained by this method is proved to have high precision.
Publisher 2010 (2010)

Do you need an easy-to-follow software reference right at your fingertips? Our 6 page, tri-fold guides are the answer. These quick reference guides include step by step instructions to help users to learn software features more quickly, as well as full color screen graphics to highlight important features. Quick Source reference guides also include the software program s NEW features and give you quick access to time saving shortcuts. The Publisher 2010 Quick Source guide is a clear and concise tool for learning the features in Publisher 2010. Features contained in this guide include features such as: Using the Backstage View , Customizing the Quick Access Toolbar, Working with Page Setup, Linking Text Boxes, Inserting Pictures or Clip Art, Inserting a Building Block , E-Mailing a Publication, and much, much more! If you want a Quick Source Guide, but do not see the title you want, visit us at quicksourceguides.com.
Design of a Massively Parallel Vision Processor based on Multi-SIMD Architecture (2007)

Increasing demands for robust image recognition systems require vision processors not only with enormous computational capacities but also with sufficient flexibility to handle highly complicated recognition tasks. We describe a multi-SIMD architecture and the design of a vision processor based on it for carrying out such difficult image recognition tasks. The proposed architecture consists of two SIMD parallel processing modules and a shared memory, allowing highly parallelized and flexible computation of complicated recognition tasks, which were difficult to process on a conventional massively parallel SIMD architecture. We designed a prototype vision processor for evaluation purposes and confirmed that the processor could be implemented in FPGA.
Metabolism of no-carrier-added 2-[18F]fluoro-L-tyrosine in rats (2008)

This study confirms the potential of 2-[18F]fluoro-L-tyrosine as a tracer for the assessment of the rate of protein synthesis by positron emission tomography. The observed metabolism suggests a need for a correction for the appearance of metabolites, at least in plasma.
<scp>HPMC</scp> supplementation reduces abdominal fat content, intestinal permeability, inflammation, and insulin resistance in diet‐induced obese mice (2012)

Scope The effects of hydroxypropyl methylcellulose ( HPMC ), a highly viscous nonfermentable soluble dietary fiber, were evaluated on adipose tissue inflammation and insulin resistance in diet‐induced obese ( DIO ) mice fed a high‐fat ( HF ) diet supplemented with either HPMC or insoluble fiber. Methods and results DIO C 57 BL /6 J mice were fed a HF diet supplemented with 6% HPMC or 6% microcrystalline cellulose ( MCC ). Gene expression analyses of epididymal adipose tissue by exon microarray and real‐time PCR along with glucose and insulin tolerance and intestinal permeability were assessed. HPMC ‐fed mice exhibited significantly reduced body weight gain and adipose tissue weight as well as reduced areas under the curve for 2‐h insulin and glucose responses. HPMC significantly decreased HF diet‐induced intestinal permeability. Overall, HPMC enhanced insulin sensitivity and glucose metabolism and downregulated genes related to inflammation and immune response, adipogenesis, and oxidative stress markers. Pathway analysis of microarray data identified lipid metabolism, inflammatory disease, and acute phase response pathways as being differentially regulated by HPMC . Conclusion These results suggest HPMC consumption ameliorates HF diet effects on obesity‐induced insulin resistance, adipose tissue inflammatory and immune responses, weight gain, as well as intestinal permeability.