gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Policy Modeling and Optimization at the Example of Main Corridor Coordination (2012)

Main corridor coordination is one essential feature of urban traffic signal control. The usually applied policy is to concentrate the traffic on main corridors and to make the usage of side roads un-alluring. Traffic optimization methods however search for a system optimum which may lead to non optimal traffic conditions for the main corridors in favor of subordinated flows, either crossing or entering the main roads. For that reason a new control model is introduced. The well known approach of performance indices is extended by a term which takes the policy into account. The policy is modeled in an additional policy variable within the traffic flow model using approaches borrowed from the modeling of routes in macroscopic models for freeway networks. This contribution presents the control model as well as the traffic flow model. Detailed equations are given. For completeness also the optimization algorithm is shown. The efficiency of the method is proven through an independent study of the Ruhr Universitaet Bochum commissioned by the town of Muenster which is referenced.
Inhibin: A Candidate Gene for Premature Ovarian Failure (2001)

Shelling, Andrew N.; Burton, Karen A.; Chand, Ashwini L.; van Ee, Cynthia C.; France, John T.; Farquhar, Cynthia M.; Milsom, Stella R.; Love, Donald R.; Gersak, Ksenija; Aittomäki, Kristiina; Winship, Ingrid M.
Recent Advances in Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation (1997)

Mechanical and pharmacologic measures intended to increase blood flow to vital organs are the mainstay of therapy for patients in cardiac arrest. Several new cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) techniques as well as novel devices and pharmacologic agents have been developed and tested since the first report of manual closed chested CPR over three decades ago. These recent mechanical and pharmacologic advances in the treatment of cardiac arrest are described. Some of these new techniques, devices, and drug therapies are presently undergoing clinical evaluation in patients in cardiac arrest. While many of these new methods and techniques have shown promise in small clinical trials in humans, none have yet to be found to be conclusively superior to manual closed chested CPR and treatment with standard pharmacologic agents.
L-Methionine γ-Lyase: Its Essential Cysteine Residues (1987)

L-Methionine γ-lyase is composed of four identical polypeptide chains, and contains 4 cysteinyl residues per subunit. One of them is catalytically essential, and the amino acid sequence around it was determined.
Designing of a Cofactor Self-Sufficient Whole-Cell Biocatalyst System for Production of 1,2-Amino Alcohols from Epoxides (2019)

Optically pure 1,2-amino alcohols are highly valuable products as intermediates for chiral pharmaceutical products. Here we designed an environmentally friendly non-natural biocatalytic cascade for efficient synthesis of 1,2-amino alcohols from cheaper epoxides. A redesignated ω-transaminase PAKω-TA was tested and showed good bioactivity at a lower pH than other reported transaminases. The cascade was efficiently constructed as a single one-pot E. coli recombinant, by coupling SpEH (epoxide hydrolase), MnADH (alcohol dehydrogenase), and PAKω-TA. Furthermore, RBS regulation strategy was used to overcome the rate limiting step by increasing expression of MnADH. For cofactor regeneration and amino donor source, an interesting point was involved as that a cofactor self-sufficient system was designed by expression of GluDH. It established a "bridge" between the cofactor and the cosubstrate, such that the cofactor self-sufficient system could release cofactor (NADP<sup>+</sup>) and cosubstrate (l-Glutamine) regenerated simultaneously. The recombinant E. coli BL21 (SGMP) with cofactor self-sufficient whole-cell cascade biocatalysis showed high ee value (>99%) and high yield, with 99.6% conversion of epoxide ( S)-1a to 1,2-amino alcohol ( S)-1d in 10 h. It further converted ( S)-2a-5a to ( S)-2d-5d with varying conversion rates ranging between 65-96.4%. This study first provides one-step synthesis of optically pure 1,2-amino alcohols from ( S)-epoxides employing a synthetic redox-self-sufficient cascade.
Advancing Memristive Analog Neuromorphic Networks: Increasing Complexity, and Coping with Imperfect Hardware Components (2016)

We experimentally demonstrate classification of 4x4 binary images into 4 classes, using a 3-layer mixed-signal neuromorphic network ("MLP perceptron"), based on two passive 20x20 memristive crossbar arrays, board-integrated with discrete CMOS components. The network features 10 hidden-layer and 4 output-layer analog CMOS neurons and 428 metal-oxide memristors, i.e. is almost an order of magnitude more complex than any previously reported functional memristor circuit. Moreover, the inference operation of this classifier is performed entirely in the integrated hardware. To deal with larger crossbar arrays, we have developed a semi-automatic approach to their forming and testing, and compared several memristor training schemes for coping with imperfect behavior of these devices, as well as with variability of analog CMOS neurons. The effectiveness of the proposed schemes for defect and variation tolerance was verified experimentally using the implemented network and, additionally, by modeling the operation of a larger network, with 300 hidden-layer neurons, on the MNIST benchmark. Finally, we propose a simple modification of the implemented memristor-based vector-by-matrix multiplier to allow its operation in a wider temperature range.
Novel short-gas-residence-time electron cyclotron resonance plasma etching (1993)

Novel short-gas-residence-time electron cyclotron resonance (ECR) plasma etching is described. Using a newly equipped high-pumping-rate etching system (5000 ℓ/s), we obtained a high etch rate and high anisotropic etching of silicon at low pressure and high gas flow rate. The residence time obtained was 30 ms. The silicon etch rate with Cl2 dramatically increased up to 1 μm/min as the gas flow rate increased to 90 sccm at 0.5 mTorr. It was proven by plasma emission measurement that the reaction products were minimized by the present method. These results indicate that the short-gas residence time produces a small amount of reaction products and a large amount of etching species.
A Sigma-Delta ADC with Decimation and Gain Control Function for a Bluetooth Receiver in 130 nm Digital CMOS (2006)

We present a discrete-time second-order multibit sigma-delta ADC that filters and decimates by two the input data samples. At the same time it provides gain control function in its input sampling stage. A 4-tap FIR switched capacitor (SC) architecture was chosen for antialiasing filtering. The decimation-by-two function is realized using divided-by-two clock signals in the antialiasing filter. Antialiasing, gain control, and sampling functions are merged in the sampling network using SC techniques. This compact architecture allows operating the preceding blocks at twice the ADC's clock frequency, thus improving the noise performance of the wireless receiver channel and relaxing settling requirements of the analog building blocks. The presented approach has been validated and incorporated in a commercial single-chip Bluetooth radio realized in a 1.5 V 130 nm digital CMOS process. The measured antialiasing filtering shows better than 75 dB suppression at the folding frequency band edge. A 67 dB dynamic range was measured with a sampling frequency of 37.5MHz.
Modular Closed-Loop Control of Diabetes (2012)

Modularity plays a key role in many engineering systems, allowing for plug-and-play integration of components, enhancing flexibility and adaptability, and facilitating standardization. In the control of diabetes, i.e., the so-called "artificial pancreas," modularity allows for the step-wise introduction of (and regulatory approval for) algorithmic components, starting with subsystems for assured patient safety and followed by higher layer components that serve to modify the patient's basal rate in real time. In this paper, we introduce a three-layer modular architecture for the control of diabetes, consisting in a sensor/pump interface module (IM), a continuous safety module (CSM), and a real-time control module (RTCM), which separates the functions of insulin recommendation (postmeal insulin for mitigating hyperglycemia) and safety (prevention of hypoglycemia). In addition, we provide details of instances of all three layers of the architecture: the APS© serving as the IM, the safety supervision module (SSM) serving as the CSM, and the range correction module (RCM) serving as the RTCM. We evaluate the performance of the integrated system via in silico preclinical trials, demonstrating 1) the ability of the SSM to reduce the incidence of hypoglycemia under nonideal operating conditions and 2) the ability of the RCM to reduce glycemic variability.
A Compact Disc Compatible Digital Video Disc Pickup Using Annular Mask (1996)

Recently, the techniques related to DVD have been developed rapidly. Among these, several techniques[1] are proposed for achieving CD compatible DVD pickup. To reduce aberration, mainly coma, the thickness of the DVD was chosen as 0.6mm which is different from a CD. The thickness difference makes it difficult for the optical pickup which is optimized for the DVD disc, to be compatible with the CD.
SVD Compression for Magnetic Resonance Fingerprinting in the Time Domain (2014)

Magnetic resonance (MR) fingerprinting is a technique for acquiring and processing MR data that simultaneously provides quantitative maps of different tissue parameters through a pattern recognition algorithm. A predefined dictionary models the possible signal evolutions simulated using the Bloch equations with different combinations of various MR parameters and pattern recognition is completed by computing the inner product between the observed signal and each of the predicted signals within the dictionary. Though this matching algorithm has been shown to accurately predict the MR parameters of interest, one desires a more efficient method to obtain the quantitative images. We propose to compress the dictionary using the singular value decomposition, which will provide a low-rank approximation. By compressing the size of the dictionary in the time domain, we are able to speed up the pattern recognition algorithm, by a factor of between 3.4-4.8, without sacrificing the high signal-to-noise ratio of the original scheme presented previously.
Fibre-optic laser Doppler anemometer with Bragg frequency shift utilising polarisation-preserving single-mode fibre (1982)

A fibre-optic laser Doppler anemometer (LDA) utilising a single-mode polarisation-preserving fibre as a (transmitting) link is discussed. Since these fibres are bimodal in the sense that they can sustain two modes with orthogonal polarisations, they can be used to transmit the two beams of a normal LDA in which one beam is frequency shifted. By rotating the polarisation of one beam 90 degrees before coupling it to the fibre, the two beams propagate independently through the fibre and can be separated again at the fibre exit. The performance of this type of fibre in a laser Doppler set-up is investigated and experimental results are given. A miniature optical measuring head using this principle and operating in backscatter is described. The backscattered light is collected by a conventional multi-mode fibre.
<title>Contrast enhancement and assessment in Raman chemical imaging of a breast tissue model system</title> (1997)

In continuing efforts to develop a Raman `optical biopsy' technique, the lipid and protein distribution in an animal model system was differentiated without the use of invasive contrast agents. Tissue component discrimination is based on the unique vibrational spectra intrinsic to lipids and proteins. Component discrimination is possible using ratiometric image analysis techniques. However, chemical image contrast is enhanced when processing techniques are employed that use more the Raman spectrum than simply one or two Raman spectral bands. Contrast enhancement is quantitated by using an edge detection technique to objectively evaluate the effectiveness of multivariate processing.
A small molecule inhibitor of Caspase 1 (2011)

A nitrile-containing propionic acid moiety as an electrophile for covalent attack by the active site cysteine residue of caspase 1 was investigated. Several cyanopropanate containing small molecules were synthesized, including one based upon the optimized peptidic scaffold of the prodrug VX-765. A number of these compounds were potent inhibitors of caspase 1 (IC50s ≤ 1 nM). Examination of these small molecules versus a caspase panel demonstrated an impressive degree of selectivity for caspase 1 inhibition. The small molecular probe ML132 (CID-4462093; NCGC-00183434) is the most potent caspase 1 inhibitor reported to date. It also possesses a unique selectivity pattern relative to other reported caspase inhibitors. A number of these compounds were assessed for their hydrolytic stability and selected absorption, distribution, metabolism and elimination (ADME) properties.
Caries-associated oral microbiome in head and neck cancer radiation patients: a longitudinal study (2019)

Head and neck cancer (HNC) therapy often leads to caries development. Our goal was to characterize the oral microbiome of HNC patients who underwent radiation therapy (RT) at baseline (T0), and 6 (T6) and 18 (T18) months post-RT, and to determine if there was a relationship with increased caries. HOMI<i>NGS</i> was used to determine the relative abundance (RA) of >600 bacterial species in oral samples of 31 HNC patients. The DMFS score was used to define patient groups with tooth decay increase (DMFS[+]) or no increase (DMFS[-]).A change in microbiome beta-diversity was observed at T6 and T18. The <i>Streptococcus mutans</i> RA increased at T6 in both DMFS[+] and DMFS[-] groups. The RA of <i>Prevotella melaninogenica</i>, the species often associated with caries in young children, decreased at T6 in the DMFS[-] group. The RA of the health-associated species, <i>Abiotrophia defective</i>, decreased in the DMFS[+] group. The oral microbiome underwent significant changes in radiation-treated HNC patients, whether they developed caries or not. Caries rates were not associated with a difference in salivary flow reduction between DMFS[+] andDMFS[-] groups. Patients who develop caries might be more susceptible to certain species associated with oral disease or have fewer potentially protective oral species.
Assessment, origin, and implementation of breath volatile cancer markers (2013)

A new non-invasive and potentially inexpensive frontier in the diagnosis of cancer relies on the detection of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in exhaled breath samples. Breath can be sampled and analyzed in real-time, leading to fascinating and cost-effective clinical diagnostic procedures. Nevertheless, breath analysis is a very young field of research and faces challenges, mainly because the biochemical mechanisms behind the cancer-related VOCs are largely unknown. In this review, we present a list of 115 validated cancer-related VOCs published in the literature during the past decade, and classify them with respect to their "fat-to-blood" and "blood-to-air" partition coefficients. These partition coefficients provide an estimation of the relative concentrations of VOCs in alveolar breath, in blood and in the fat compartments of the human body. Additionally, we try to clarify controversial issues concerning possible experimental malpractice in the field, and propose ways to translate the basic science results as well as the mechanistic understanding to tools (sensors) that could serve as point-of-care diagnostics of cancer. We end this review with a conclusion and a future perspective.
GENT-19. INSULATOR DYSFUNCTION AS AN ONCOGENIC DRIVER IN GLIOMA (2016)

Gain-of-function IDH mutations are initiating events that define major clinical and prognostic classes of gliomas. Mutant IDH protein produces a novel onco-metabolite, 2-hydroxyglutarate (2-HG), that interferes with iron-dependent hydroxylases, including the TET family of 5’-methylcytosine hydroxylases. TET enzymes catalyze a key step in the removal of DNA methylation. IDH mutant gliomas thus manifest a CpG island methylator phenotype (G-CIMP), though the functional significance of this altered epigenetic state remains unclear. We show that IDH mutant gliomas exhibit hyper-methylation at CTCF binding sites, compromising binding of this methylation-sensitive insulator protein. CTCF is a critical factor for the control of the topological structure of the genome and the control of activating elements in the genome known as enhancers. Reduced CTCF ­binding is associated with loss of insulation between topological domains and aberrant gene activation. We specifically demonstrate that loss of CTCF at a domain boundary permits a constitutive housekeeping enhancer to aberrantly interact with the receptor tyrosine kinase gene PDGFRA, a prominent glioma oncogene. Treatment of IDH mutant gliomaspheres with demethylating agent partially restores insulator function and down-regulates PDGFRA. Conversely, CRISPR-mediated disruption of the CTCF motif in IDH wildtype gliomaspheres up-regulates PDGFRA and increases proliferation. We also demonstrate that directed epigenetic editing can affect CTCF binding and insulator function in glioma. Our study suggests that IDH mutations promote gliomagenesis by disrupting chromosomal topology and allowing aberrant regulatory interactions that induce oncogene expression.
Distributed delay-line interferometer based on a Bragg grating in transmission mode (2016)

A novel approach for a delay line interferometer (DLI) based purely on forward Bragg scattering is proposed. We have numerically and experimentally demonstrated that a Bragg grating can deliver the functionality of a DLI in its transmission mode along a single common interfering optical path, instead of the conventional DLI implementation with two interfering optical paths. As a proof of concept, a fiber Bragg grating has been designed and fabricated, showing the desired functionality in the transmission mode of the Bragg grating. The proposed "Bragg-DLI" approach is applicable to any kind of Bragg grating technology, such as volume Bragg gratings, dielectric mirrors, silicon photonics, and other optical waveguide based Bragg structures.
BinRank: Scaling Dynamic Authority-Based Search Using Materialized Subgraphs (2010)

Dynamic authority-based keyword search algorithms, such as ObjectRank and personalized PageRank, leverage semantic link information to provide high quality, high recall search in databases, and the Web. Conceptually, these algorithms require a query-time PageRank-style iterative computation over the full graph. This computation is too expensive for large graphs, and not feasible at query time. Alternatively, building an index of precomputed results for some or all keywords involves very expensive preprocessing. We introduce BinRank, a system that approximates ObjectRank results by utilizing a hybrid approach inspired by materialized views in traditional query processing. We materialize a number of relatively small subsets of the data graph in such a way that any keyword query can be answered by running ObjectRank on only one of the subgraphs. BinRank generates the subgraphs by partitioning all the terms in the corpus based on their co-occurrence, executing ObjectRank for each partition using the terms to generate a set of random walk starting points, and keeping only those objects that receive non-negligible scores. The intuition is that a subgraph that contains all objects and links relevant to a set of related terms should have all the information needed to rank objects with respect to one of these terms. We demonstrate that BinRank can achieve subsecond query execution time on the English Wikipedia data set, while producing high-quality search results that closely approximate the results of ObjectRank on the original graph. The Wikipedia link graph contains about 10^8 edges, which is at least two orders of magnitude larger than what prior state of the art dynamic authority-based search systems have been able to demonstrate. Our experimental evaluation investigates the trade-off between query execution time, quality of the results, and storage requirements of BinRank.
Restoration of defaced serial numbers using lock-in infrared thermography (Part II) (2019)

This paper details continuing work on the development of a substantive non-destructive method to recover defaced serial numbers stamped or laser engraved into metallic objects based on lock-in infrared thermography. This method relies on the existence of a local zone of plastic strain created from stamping pressures in mechanically stamped pieces and a heat-affected zone in laser engraved samples, both extending to depths below the visible characters. The grain structure within these zones is dislocated due to the external forces applied. These deformed areas are exposed to the surface when the serial numbers are defaced. Infrared thermography utilises the change in thermal conductivity, based on local variation in the thermal gradient from thermal energy applied at the surface. Observation of the thermal gradient at the surface as it propagates through the object allows for identification of these deformed regions and subsequent recovery of the serial number. Principal component analysis is used to enhance the thermographic images. Pseudo Zernike moments and subsequently multiple similarity measures are utilised to identify the numbers based on a reference library of numbers. Several fusion rules are used to obtain a consensus across the similarity measures. This process is tested on several datasets including stamped numbers on a gun barrel, laser engraved numbers on a needle holder and the defaced vehicle identification number of a stolen motorcycle.
Advances in Diode-Laser-Based Water Vapor Differential Absorption Lidar (2016)

An advanced diode-laser-based water vapor differential absorption lidar (WV-DIAL) has been developed. The next generation design was built on the success of previous diode-laser-based prototypes and enables accurate measurement of water vapor closer to the ground surface, in rapidly changing atmospheric conditions, and in daytime cloudy conditions up to cloud base. The lidar provides up to 1 min resolution, 150 m range resolved measurements of water vapor in a broad range of atmospheric conditions. A description of the instrument and results from its initial field test in 2014 are discussed.
Gluten and non-gluten proteins of wheat as target antigens in autism, Crohn’s and celiac disease (2017)

Studies show that patients with celiac disease react not only with gluten wheat proteins but also with non-gluten wheat components. Our goal was to measure IgG or IgA antibodies against wheat proteins or peptides that would provide the most sensitive method for the detection of wheat immune reaction in children with autism spectrum disorder, and patients with Crohn's and celiac disease (CD). Using ELISA, we measured these antibodies against various gluten and non-gluten wheat proteins. Compared to controls in all three conditions, the strongest reaction was against CXCR3-binding gliadin peptide, followed by a wheat protein mixture, and α-gliadin 33-mer peptide. We determined that a sample that strongly reacted against non-gluten proteins also reacted strongly against gluten proteins. We also found that IgA antibodies against CXCR3-binding gliadin peptide were strongly reactive in a subgroup of 33% in the autism group, 42% in the Crohn's group, and all tested samples with CD. The results indicate that measuring IgG and IgA antibodies against non-gluten proteins adds nothing to the pathologic relevance of these antibodies. Further research is needed on CXCR3-binding gliadin peptide antibodies as a possible biomarker and as a guide for dietary elimination in CD, Crohn's disease and a subgroup of children with ASD.