gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
van der Waals Heterojunction Devices Based on Organohalide Perovskites and Two-Dimensional Materials (2015)

The recently emerged organohalide perovskites (e.g., CH3NH3PbI3) have drawn intense attention for high efficiency solar cells. However, with a considerable solubility in many solvents, these perovskites are not typically compatible with conventional lithography processes for more complicated device fabrications that are important for both fundamental studies and technological applications. Here, we report the creation of novel heterojunction devices based on perovskites and two-dimensional (2D) crystals by taking advantage of the layered characteristic of lead iodide (PbI2) and vapor-phase intercalation. We show that a graphene/perovskite/graphene vertical stack can deliver a highest photoresponsivity of ∼950 A/W and photoconductive gain of ∼2200, and a graphene/WSe2/perovskite/graphene heterojunction can display a high on/off ratio (∼10(6)) transistor behavior with distinct gate-tunable diode characteristics and open-circuit voltages. Such unique perovskite-2D heterostructures have significant potential for future optoelectronic research and can enable broad possibilities with compositional tunability of organohalide perovskites and the versatility offered by diverse 2D materials.
Detecting display energy hotspots in Android apps (2017)

Summary The energy consumption of mobile apps has become an important consideration for developers as the underlying mobile devices are constrained by battery capacity. Display represents a significant portion of an app's energy consumption—up to 60% of an app's total energy consumption. However, developers lack techniques to identify the user interfaces in their apps for which energy needs to be improved. This paper presents a technique for detecting display energy hotspots—user interfaces of a mobile app whose energy consumption is greater than optimal. The technique leverages display power modeling and automated display transformation techniques to detect these hotspots and prioritize them for developers. The evaluation of the technique shows that it can predict display energy consumption to within 14% of the ground truth and accurately rank display energy hotspots. Furthermore, the approach found 398 display energy hotspots in a set of 962 popular Android apps, showing the pervasiveness of this problem. For these detected hotspots, the average power savings that could be realized through better user interface design was 30%. Taken together, these results indicate that the approach represents a potentially impactful technique for helping developers to detect energy related problems and reduce the energy consumption of their mobile apps.
Local distance preservation in the GP-LVM through back constraints (2006)

S.513-520
Changes in anthropometric measurements, body composition, blood pressure, lipid profile, and testosterone in patients participating in a low-energy dietary intervention (2013)

Weight loss and improvements in total cholesterol and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels occurred after a low-energy-density dietary intervention plus regimented supplementation program.
Enhanced efficacy and reduced toxicity of multifactorial adjuvants compared with unitary adjuvants as cancer vaccines (2008)

Identification of Toll-like receptors (TLRs) and their ligands, and tumor necrosis factor-tumor necrosis factor receptor (TNF-TNFR) pairs have provided the first logical, hypothesis-based strategies to molecularly concoct adjuvants to elicit potent cell-mediated immunity via activation of innate and adaptive immunity. However, isolated activation of one immune pathway in the absence of others can be toxic, ineffective, and detrimental to long-term, protective immunity. Effective engineered vaccines must include agents that trigger multiple immunologic pathways. Here, we report that combinatorial use of CD40 and TLR agonists as a cancer vaccine, compared with monotherapy, elicits high frequencies of self-reactive CD8(+) T cells, potent tumor-specific CD8(+) memory, CD8(+) T cells that efficiently infiltrate the tumor-burdened target organ; therapeutic efficacy; heightened ratios of CD8(+) T cells to FoxP3(+) cells at the tumor site; and reduced hepatotoxicity. These findings provide intelligent strategies for the formulation of multifactorial vaccines to achieve maximal efficacy in cancer vaccine trials in humans.
Microvasular and macrovascular complications in diabetes mellitus: Distinct or continuum? (2016)

Diabetes and related complications are associated with long-term damage and failure of various organ systems. The line of demarcation between the pathogenic mechanisms of microvascular and macrovascular complications of diabetes and differing responses to therapeutic interventions is blurred. Diabetes induces changes in the microvasculature, causing extracellular matrix protein synthesis, and capillary basement membrane thickening which are the pathognomic features of diabetic microangiopathy. These changes in conjunction with advanced glycation end products, oxidative stress, low grade inflammation, and neovascularization of vasa vasorum can lead to macrovascular complications. Hyperglycemia is the principal cause of microvasculopathy but also appears to play an important role in causation of macrovasculopathy. There is thought to be an intersection between micro and macro vascular complications, but the two disorders seem to be strongly interconnected, with micro vascular diseases promoting atherosclerosis through processes such as hypoxia and changes in vasa vasorum. It is thus imperative to understand whether microvascular complications distinctly precede macrovascular complications or do both of them progress simultaneously as a continuum. This will allow re-focusing on the clinical issues with a unifying perspective which can improve type 2 diabetes mellitus outcomes.
A Coarse-to-Fine Two-Stage Attentive Network for Haze Removal of Remote Sensing Images (2020)

In many remote sensing (RS) applications, haze seriously degrades the quality of optical RS images and even brings inconvenience to the following high-level visual tasks such as RS detection. In this letter, we address this challenge by designing a first-coarse-then-fine two-stage dehazing neural network, named FCTF-Net. The structure is simple but effective: the first stage of image dehazing extracts multiscale features through the encoder–decoder architecture and, therefore, allows the second stage of dehazing for better refining the results of the previous stage. In addition, we combine the channel attention mechanism with the basic convolution block, considering that different channel characteristics contain entirely different weighting information, to effectively deal with irregular distribution of haze in RS images. Owing to the scarcity of various and quality hazy RS data sets, we adopt two different synthesis methods to generate large-scale image pairs for uniform and nonuniform hazy images. This two-stage network, when trained in an end-to-end fashion, yields the state-of-the-art performances on both the synthetic data sets and real-world images with more visually pleasing dehazed results. Both the synthetic data set and the code are publicly available at <uri xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">https://github.com/cxtalk/FCTF-Net</uri> .
Real-time speech-driven 3D face animation (2003)

In this paper, we present an approach for real-time speech-driven 3D face animation using neural networks. We first analyze a 3D facial movement sequence of a talking subject and learn a quantitative representation of the facial deformations, called the 3D motion units (MUs). A 3D facial deformation can be approximated by a linear combination of the MUs weighted by the MU parameters (MUPs) - the visual features of the facial deformation. The facial movement sequence synchronizes with a audio track. The audio track is digitized and the audio features of each frame are calculated. A real-time audio-to-MUP mapping is constructed by training a set of neural networks using the calculated audio-visual features. The audio-visual features are divided into several groups based on the audio features. One neural network is trained per group to map the audio features to the corresponding MUPs. Given a new audio feature vector, we first classify it into one of the groups and select the corresponding neural network to map the audio feature vector to MUPs, which are used for face animation. The quantitative evaluation shows the effectiveness of the proposed approach.
A Traveling Wave Ultrasonic Transducer (1982)

A new type of coupled-mode bulk acoustic wave transducer is descirbed. Distributed, directional coupling is made possible by the use of an electrical delay line which slows the electrical signal into synchronism with the acoustic signal. Since the coupling is distributed, materials with low electromechanical coupling can be used to achieve highly efficient broadband transducers. Several configurations are described which use lumped element electrical delay lines and stacks of acoustic resonators. A theory, and experimental results, are presented.
An Efficient Availability Guaranteed Deployment Scheme for IoT Service Chains over Fog-Core Cloud Networks (2018)

High availability is one of the important requirements of many end-to-end services in the Internet of Things (IoT). This is a critical issue in network function virtualization (NFV) and NFV-enabled service function chaining (SFC) due to hard- and soft-ware failures. Thus, merely mapping primary VNFs is not enough to ensure high availability, especially for SFCs deployed over fog - core cloud networks due to resource limitations of fogs. As a result, additional protection schemes, like VNF redundancy deployments, are required to improve the availability of SFCs to meet predefined requirements. With limited resources of fog instances, a cost-efficient protection scheme is required. This paper proposes a cost-efficient availability guaranteed deployment scheme for IoT services over fog-core cloud networks based on measuring the improvement potential of VNFs for improving the availability of SFCs. In addition, various techniques for redundancy placement for VNFs at the fog layer are also presented. Obtained analysis and simulation results show that the proposed scheme achieves a significant improvement in terms of the cost efficiency and scalability compared to the state-of-the-art approaches.
I Know What You're Thinking (2012)

Abstract Since the 1980s, MRI scanners have told us much about brain function and played an important role in the clinical diagnosis of a number of conditions — both in the brain and the rest of the body. Their routine use has made the diagnosis of brain tumours and brain damage both quicker and more accurate. However, some neuroscientific advances, in particular those that relate specifically to the mind have provoked excitement and discussion in a number of disciplines. One of the most thought provoking developments in recent neuroscience has been the progress made with ‘mind-reading’. There seems nothing more private than one's thoughts, some of which we might choose to share with others, and some not. Yet, until now, little has been published on the particular issue of privacy in relation to ‘brain’ or ‘mind’ reading. This book presents an interdisciplinary account of the neuroscientific evidence on ‘mind reading’, as well as a thorough analysis of both legal and moral accounts of privacy. The book considers such issues as the use of imaging to detect awareness in those considered to be in a vegetative state. It looks at issues of mental imaging and national security, the neurobiology of violence, and issues regarding diminished responsibility in criminals, and thus reduced punishment. It also considers how the use of neuroimaging can and should be regulated.
Spotlight on ramucirumab in the treatment of nonsmall cell lung cancer: design, development, and clinical activity (2017)

The vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and receptor is a therapeutic target because of the importance of this pathway in carcinogenesis. This pathway regulates and promotes angiogenesis as well as increases endothelial cell proliferation, permeability, and cancer survival. Ramucirumab is a new fully human monoclonal antibody that targets the VEGF receptor-2, an important key receptor implicated in angiogenesis. Ramucirumab has been approved for the treatment of second-line advanced or metastatic non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) in combination with the chemotherapy agent docetaxel. This was based on the result of the randomized trial REVEL of 1,253 patients with metastatic NSCLC previously treated with a platinum-based combination therapy. The authors observed a significant improvement in overall survival (OS) with an acceptable toxicities profile. In this study, patients were randomized to receive ramucirumab plus docetaxel or placebo with docetaxel. The combination of docetaxel and ramucirumab showed an improved OS (hazard ratio [HR]: 0.86; 95% CI: 0.75, 0.98). Median OS was 10.5 months in the ramucirumab arm versus 9.1 months in the placebo arm. Regarding side effects, the toxicity described on the ramucirumab arm were principally diarrhea, fatigue, and neutropenia. The most common (5%) adverse reactions of grade 3 and 4 in the ramucirumab arm were fatigue, neutropenia, febrile neutropenia, leukopenia, and hypertension. Adding ramucirumab to docetaxel improves QoL of patients, and does not impair symptoms or functioning. There are currently several trials in progress evaluating the effects of ramucirumab in combination with other drugs in patients with advanced NSCLC.
Differential contribution by conserved glutamate residues to an ion‐selectivity site in the L‐type Ca<sup>2+</sup> channel pore (1993)

In voltage-gated cation channels, it is thought that residues responsible for ion-selectivity are located within the pore-lining SS1-SS2 segments. In this study, we compared the ion permeation properties of mutant calcium channels in which highly conserved glutamate residues, located at analogous positions in the SS2 regions of all four motifs, were individually replaced. All of the mutants exhibited a loss of selectivity for divalent over monovalent cations. However, the permeation properties of the individual mutants varied in a position dependent manner. The results provide strong evidence that these glutamate residues, positioned at equivalent locations in the aligned sequences, play significantly different roles in forming the selectivity barrier of the calcium channel, and are probably arranged in an asymmetrical manner inside the ion-conducting pore.
Deep Sentence Embedding Using the Long Short-Term Memory Networks (2015)

This paper develops a model that addresses sentence embedding, a hot topic in current natural language processing research, using recurrent neural networks (RNN) with Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM) cells. The proposed LSTM-RNN model sequentially takes each word in a sentence, extracts its information, and embeds it into a semantic vector. Due to its ability to capture long term memory, the LSTM-RNN accumulates increasingly richer information as it goes through the sentence, and when it reaches the last word, the hidden layer of the network provides a semantic representation of the whole sentence. In this paper, the LSTM-RNN is trained in a weakly supervised manner on user click-through data logged by a commercial web search engine. Visualization and analysis are performed to understand how the embedding process works. The model is found to automatically attenuate the unimportant words and detects the salient keywords in the sentence. Furthermore, these detected keywords are found to automatically activate different cells of the LSTM-RNN, where words belonging to a similar topic activate the same cell. As a semantic representation of the sentence, the embedding vector can be used in many different applications. These automatic keyword detection and topic allocation abilities enabled by the LSTM-RNN allow the network to perform document retrieval, a difficult language processing task, where the similarity between the query and documents can be measured by the distance between their corresponding sentence embedding vectors computed by the LSTM-RNN. On a web search task, the LSTM-RNN embedding is shown to significantly outperform several existing state of the art methods.
Revisiting the Oxidizing Capacity of the Periodate–H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub> Mixture: Identification of the Primary Oxidants and Their Formation Mechanisms (2022)

This study reexamined the mechanisms for oxidative organic degradation by the binary mixture of periodate and H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub> (PI/H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub>) that was recently identified as a new advanced oxidation process. Our findings conflicted with the previous claims that (i) hydroxyl radical (<sup>•</sup>OH) and singlet oxygen (<sup>1</sup>O<sub>2</sub>) contributed as the primary oxidants, and (ii) <sup>•</sup>OH production resulted from H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub> reduction by superoxide radical anion (O<sub>2</sub><sup>•-</sup>). PI/H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub> exhibited substantial oxidizing capacity at pH < 5, decomposing organics predominantly by <sup>•</sup>OH. The likelihood of a switch in the major oxidant under varying pH conditions was revealed. IO<sub>4</sub><sup>-</sup> as the major PI form under acidic conditions underwent one-electron reduction by H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub> to yield radical intermediates, whereas H<sub>2</sub>I<sub>2</sub>O<sub>10</sub><sup>4-</sup> preferentially occurring at pH > 7 caused <sup>1</sup>O<sub>2</sub> generation through two-electron oxidation of H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub>. PI reduction by O<sub>2</sub><sup>•-</sup> was suggested to be a key reaction in <sup>•</sup>OH production, on the basis of the electron paramagnetic resonance detection of methyl radicals in the dimethyl sulfoxide solutions containing PI and KO<sub>2</sub>, and the absence of deuterated and <sup>18</sup>O-labeled hydroxylated intermediates during PI activation using D<sub>2</sub>O and H<sub>2</sub><sup>18</sup>O<sub>2</sub>. Finally, simple oxyanion mixing subsequent to electrochemical PI and H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub> production achieved organic oxidation, enabling a potential strategy to minimize the use of chemicals.
Partial automation of database acquisition in the FAVRET face tracking and recognition system using a bootstrap approach (2000)

The FAVRET face recognition system uses a database built from multiple labeled views of each individual to achieve both profile-to-profile tracking of face pose and pose-invariant recognition. Adding a new individual to the database, however, is non-trivial. This work describes the use of a modified version of the FAVRET system as a module in a graphical user interface (GUI) for database acquisition, which automaticallv detects and tracks face regions- in in~ut video or still-frame material and estimates the data which would otherwise have to be entered manually. The estimates can be adjusted manually if necessary. The first application is to update the database in the GUI module itself, using data more accurate than that from which the original prototype database was built. 1.
Correlation between pulsed electromagnetic fields exposure time and cell proliferation increase in human osteosarcoma cell lines and human normal osteoblast cells in vitro (1999)

We have exposed cultured bone cells to a pulsed electromagnetic field (PEMF) for different times to find the minimal exposure time necessary to stimulate an increase of DNA synthesis. We used two different human osteosarcoma cell lines, TE-85 and MG-63, and human normal osteoblast cell (NHOC) obtained from surgical bone specimens. The cells were placed in multiwell plates and set in a tissue culture incubator between a pair of Helmoltz coils powered by a pulse generator (1.3-ms pulse, repeated at 75 Hz) for different periods of time. [3H]Thymidine incorporation was used to evaluate cell proliferation. The two osteosarcoma cell lines increase their thymidine incorporation when exposed to a PEMF for at least 30 min, both in a medium containing 10% fetal calf serum and in a serum-free medium. NHOC are known to increase their cell proliferation when exposed to PEMF but only if cultured in the presence of 10% fetal calf serum. In this experimental condition, three of the four cell lineages studied required at least 9 h of PEMF exposure to increase their DNA synthesis, whereas one cell lineage increased its cell proliferation after 6 h of PEMF exposure. Our observations confirm the hypothesis that the proliferative responses of NHOC and human osteosarcoma cell lines to PEMF exposure are quite different. Moreover, NHOC required minimal exposure times to PEMF to increase their cell proliferation, similar to that needed to stimulate bone formation in vivo.
Review: Breast Cancer in Elderly Patients (1994)

Journal Article Review: Breast Cancer in Elderly Patients Get access H. DE GRAAF, H. DE GRAAF Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, University Hospital GroningenOostersingel 59, 9713 EZ Groningen, The Netherlands Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar P. H. B. WILLEMSE, P. H. B. WILLEMSE Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, University Hospital GroningenOostersingel 59, 9713 EZ Groningen, The Netherlands Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar D. TH. SLEIJFER D. TH. SLEIJFER Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, University Hospital GroningenOostersingel 59, 9713 EZ Groningen, The Netherlands Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Age and Ageing, Volume 23, Issue 5, September 1994, Pages 427–434, https://doi.org/10.1093/ageing/23.5.427 Published: 01 September 1994 Article history Revision received: 09 July 1993 Published: 01 September 1994
Towards a fault-tolerant multi-agent system architecture (2000)

Multi-agent systems are prone to failures typical of any distributed system. Agents and resources may become unavailable due to machine crashes, communication breakdowns, process failures, and numerous other hardware and software failures. Most of the work done in fault handling in multi-agent systems deals with detection and recovery from faults such as state-inconsistencies, relying on the traditional techniques for recovering from other distributed systems failure. However, the traditional fault-tolerance techniques are designed for specific situations and they require special infrastructural support. We argue for fault-tolerance techniques that can be readily implemented using a generic agent shell with minimal or no modification to the agent infrastructure. We propose that theories from multi-agent systems literature can be effectively combined with basic fault-tolerance principles to design robust multi-agent systems. In particular, we argue that (1) teamwork may be used to create a robust brokered architecture that can recover a multi-agent system from broker failures without incurring undue overheads, (2) teamwork may also be used to guarantee a specified number of brokers in a large multi-agent system, and (3) agent autonomy can be used to prevent thrashing and guarantee acceptable levels of quality of service by an agent. We also describe the Adaptive Agent Architecture (AAA), a fault-tolerant brokered multi-agent system architecture, and present experimental evidence using the AAA to validate our approach.