gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Plasma (1→3)‐β‐D‐glucan assay and immunohistochemical staining of (1→3)‐β‐D‐glucan in the fungal cell walls using a novel horseshoe crab protein (T‐GBP) that specifically binds to (1→3)‐β‐D‐glucan (1997)

A highly sensitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay specific to (13)--Dglucans (GBP-ELISA) has been developed using a novel (13)--D-glucan-binding protein (T-GBP), which was purified from the amebocyte lysate of the Japanese horseshoe crab, Tachypleus tridentatus. This method allowed quantitation of the glucans in a concentration range of 0.1-1,000 ng/ml, regardless of linear and branched structures, and was applied to determine the amounts of (13)--D-glucan in human and animal plasmas for diagnosis of fungemia. High levels of plasma glucan contents in clinical samples were found to be correlated closely with the severity of fungal infection. T-GBP was successfully utilized for indirect immunofluorescence staining of (13)--D-glucan in Candida albicans cell walls.
Weaving Content with Coordination Widgets (2011)

Text is a texture of interwoven threads that enable comprehension. Beyond the words themselves, conventions and structures, which we call coordination widgets, have been developed to support the reader's comprehension and navigation of text. These coordination widgets include Tables of Contents, Structured Abstracts, Reference Lists, and Footnotes. Although they are known to every reader, they are rarely considered as a group. The widgets depend on a high degree of structure in the text and are related to the structural descriptions of composite hypertexts. They also depend on the type of descriptive material that links to the text. We develop a framework for these widgets that builds on hypertext structure, discourse elements and genre theory. The framework both describes traditional widgets that have been developed to support paper-based publishing, and can be applied to environments for supporting interaction with electronic text. As eBooks and eReaders proliferate, the need grows for tools to support better navigation and comprehension of electronic text. Ultimately, the widgets, and the proposed framework, point the way to a new generation of publishing standards for interacting with multimedia and hypermedia environments.
The chemistry of tryptanthrin and its derivatives (2012)

quinazoline-6,12-dione) is a natural product which shows significant biological activity as an antibacterial, antiparasitic, and antineoplastic agent. Historically, tryptanthrin has been found as a component of many dyes as well as a constituent of medicinal herbal treatments. This review describes the synthesis of tryptanthrin and some related compounds which also have a quinazoline ring fused to an indolo moiety as a core.
The Functional Divide for Primary Reinforcement of D-Amphetamine Lies between the Medial and Lateral Ventral Striatum: Is the Division of the Accumbens Core, Shell, and Olfactory Tubercle Valid?: Figure 1. (2005)

When projection analyses placed the nucleus accumbens and olfactory tubercle in the striatal system, functional links between these sites began to emerge. The accumbens has been implicated in the rewarding effects of psychomotor stimulants, whereas recent work suggests that the medial accumbens shell and medial olfactory tubercle mediate the rewarding effects of cocaine. Interestingly, anatomical evidence suggests that medial portions of the shell and tubercle receive afferents from common zones in a number of regions. Here, we report results suggesting that the current division of the ventral striatum into the accumbens core and shell and the olfactory tubercle does not reflect the functional organization for amphetamine reward. Rats quickly learned to self-administer D-amphetamine into the medial shell or medial tubercle, whereas they failed to learn to do so into the accumbens core, ventral shell, or lateral tubercle. Our results suggest that primary reinforcement of amphetamine is mediated via the medial portion of the ventral striatum. Thus, the medial shell and medial tubercle are more functionally related than the medial and ventral shell or the medial and lateral tubercle. The current core-shell-tubercle scheme should be reconsidered in light of recent anatomical data and these functional findings.
Regulation of mitochondrial bioenergetic function by hydrogen sulfide. Part <scp>I</scp>. Biochemical and physiological mechanisms (2013)

Until recently, hydrogen sulfide (H2 S) was exclusively viewed a toxic gas and an environmental hazard, with its toxicity primarily attributed to the inhibition of mitochondrial Complex IV, resulting in a shutdown of mitochondrial electron transport and cellular ATP generation. Work over the last decade established multiple biological regulatory roles of H2 S, as an endogenous gaseous transmitter. H2 S is produced by cystathionine γ-lyase (CSE), cystathionine β-synthase (CBS) and 3-mercaptopyruvate sulfurtransferase (3-MST). In striking contrast to its inhibitory effect on Complex IV, recent studies showed that at lower concentrations, H2 S serves as a stimulator of electron transport in mammalian cells, by acting as a mitochondrial electron donor. Endogenous H2 S, produced by mitochondrially localized 3-MST, supports basal, physiological cellular bioenergetic functions; the activity of this metabolic support declines with physiological aging. In specialized conditions (calcium overload in vascular smooth muscle, colon cancer cells), CSE and CBS can also associate with the mitochondria; H2 S produced by these enzymes, serves as an endogenous stimulator of cellular bioenergetics. The current article overviews the biochemical mechanisms underlying the stimulatory and inhibitory effects of H2 S on mitochondrial function and cellular bioenergetics and discusses the implication of these processes for normal cellular physiology. The relevance of H2 S biology is also discussed in the context of colonic epithelial cell physiology: colonocytes are exposed to high levels of sulfide produced by enteric bacteria, and serve as a metabolic barrier to limit their entry into the mammalian host, while, at the same time, utilizing it as a metabolic 'fuel'.
Retour d’expérience sur la crise Covid-19 dans une maternité française de type 3 (2020)

L’arrivée brutale de l’épidémie sanitaire liée au SARS-CoV-2 dans la région Grand Est a conduit les services de soins de cette région à s’adapter rapidement à la situation. Le Plan blanc a été déployé dans les hôpitaux de Strasbourg et Nancy dès le 13 mars 2020 afin de faire face à un afflux massif de patients. Face à cette urgence sanitaire d’un type nouveau, la maternité de Nancy s’est réorganisée forte de l’expérience des services strasbourgeois rapidement mis en tension afin d’assurer l’accueil et de dispenser les meilleurs soins possible aux parturientes dans un environnement limitant au maximum leur risque de contamination. Du fait du haut risque de transmission virale, un suivi anténatal par téléconsultations et visites à domicile par le réseau de ville (sages-femmes libérales, généralistes) a été organisé pour les grossesses à bas risque. Sur site, un triage des admissions a rapidement été mis en place ainsi que la création d’un circuit spécifique dédié aux patientes à risque ou confirmées porteuses du SARS-CoV-2. Des procédures de prise en charge gynéco-obstétricales, anesthésiques et pédiatriques ont été rédigées et révisées par les différentes équipes au fur et à mesure de l’évolution des connaissances et des recommandations émises par les sociétés savantes. L’objectif de cet article est de détailler l’ensemble de l’organisation mise en place, de décrire les difficultés de fonctionnement rencontrées lors du pic de l’épidémie et d’analyser les points d’amélioration mis en évidence.
Privacy Threat Analysis of Smart Metering (2011)

Smart Grid and Smart Metering are being rolled out all over the world. However, the media, politicians and consumers are very sceptic about the potentially involved privacy loss. In this paper, we discuss the types of data the Smart Grid utilizes and what level of access the different roles of the Smart Grid need for their legitimate business. Furthermore, we provide some scenarios for how this data could be abused by stakeholders of the Smart Grid as well as external attackers.
High Durability Missile Domes. (1978)

Heat seeking missiles designed for air-to-air engagements face severe operational hazards that either reduce their effectiveness or raise the overall system's cost. The missiles are carried unprotected in exposed positions on aircraft. The infrared transparent dome can be broken during routine handling, pitted by sand and debris during takeoff and landing, or eroded by water droplet impact in flight through rain squalls. These problems are becoming increasingly severe as airspeeds are increased and as the introduction of terrain avoidance radar allows supersonic flight at very low altitudes. Impact damage that leaves the dome intact but roughens the originally polished outer surface will degrade seeker performance in two ways. First, the minimum resolvable target size will be increased. In the current operational air-to-air missile, this factor is not critical. However, in the designs under consideration for the next generation missiles, seeker resolution will be severely affected by dome erosion. Second, roughening of the dome increases the amount of sunlight scattered into the seeker optics, raising the noise level in the infrared detection system and thus limiting the ability to detect targets. While these effects have not been well characterized, it is of considerable concern in current development of seekers designed for head-on approach.
Detecting Abandoned Luggage Items in a Public Space (2006)

Visual surveillance is an important computer vision research problem. As more and more surveillance cameras appear around us, the demand for automatic methods for video analysis is increasing. Such methods have broad applications including surveillance for safety in public transportation, public areas, and in schools and hospitals. Automatic surveillance is also essential in the fight against terrorism. In this light, the PETS 2006 data corpus contains seven left-luggage scenarios with increasing scene complexity. The challenge is to automatically determine when pieces of luggage have been abandoned by their owners using video data, and set an alarm. In this paper, we present a solution to this problem using a two-tiered approach. The first step is to track objects in the scene using a trans-dimensional Markov Chain Monte Carlo tracking model suited for use in generic blob tracking tasks. The tracker uses a single camera view, and it does not differentiate between people and luggage. The problem of determining if a luggage item is left unattended is solved by analyzing the output of the tracking system in a detection process. Our model was evaluated over the entire data set, and successfully detected the left-luggage in all but one of the seven scenarios. 1.
Electrical stress damage reversal in non-passivatedfully self-aligned InP HBTs by ozone surface treatment (1999)

The authors report that the degradation of device characteristics due to electrical stressing in non-passivated fully self-aligned InP-based heterostructure bipolar transistors (HBTs) can be reversed by a simple surface treatment in ozone. The technique is demonstrated on MOCVD-grown InP/GaAs0.51Sb0.49/InP double heterostructure bipolar transistors (DHBTs) with a C-doped base, and on conventional MBE-grown InP/Ga0.47In0.53As single heterostructure bipolar transistors (SHBTs) with a Be-doped base. This is the first report of the reversibility of bias stress damage in the extrinsic region of III-V HBTs: the experiments presented confirm that stress damage occurs at the exposed emitter periphery, thus explaining the success of emitter ledge passivation techniques.
Frequency discretization in dielectrophoretic assisted cell sorting arrays to isolate neural cells (2012)

We present an automated dielectrophoretic assisted cell sorting (DACS) device for dielectric characterization and isolation of neural cells. Dielectrophoretic (DEP) principles are often used to develop cell sorting techniques. Here we report the first statistically significant neuronal sorting using DACS to enrich neurons from a heterogeneous population of mouse derived neural stem/progenitor cells (NSPCs) and neurons. We also study the dielectric dispersions within a heterogeneous cell population using a Monte-Carlo (MC) simulation. This simulation model explains the trapping behavior of populations as a function of frequency and predicts sorting efficiencies. The platform consists of a DEP electrode array with three multiplexed trapping regions that can be independently activated at different frequencies. A novel microfluidic manifold enables cell sorting by trapping and collecting cells at discrete frequency bands rather than single frequencies. The device is used to first determine the percentage of cells trapped at these frequency bands. With this characterization and the MC simulation we choose the optimal parameters for neuronal sorting. Cell sorting experiments presented achieve a 1.4-fold neuronal enrichment as predicted by our model.
Clinical and molecular characterization of Rubinstein‐Taybi syndrome patients carrying distinct novel mutations of the <i><scp>EP300</scp></i> gene (2014)

Rubinstein-Taybi syndrome (RSTS) is a rare congenital neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by postnatal growth deficiency, skeletal abnormalities, dysmorphic features and cognitive deficit. Mutations in two genes, CREBBP and EP300, encoding two homologous transcriptional co-activators, have been identified in ˜55% and ˜3-5% of affected individuals, respectively. To date, only eight EP300-mutated RSTS patients have been described and 12 additional mutations are reported in the database LOVD. In this study, EP300 analysis was performed on 33 CREBBP-negative RSTS patients leading to the identification of six unreported germline EP300 alterations comprising one deletion and five point mutations. All six patients showed a convincing, albeit mild, RSTS phenotype with minor skeletal anomalies, slight cognitive impairment and few major malformations. Beyond the expansion of the RSTS-EP300-mutated cohort, this study indicates that EP300-related RSTS cases occur more frequently than previously thought (˜8% vs 3-5%); furthermore, the characterization of novel EP300 mutations in RSTS patients will enhance the clinical practice and genotype-phenotype correlations.
The Dealloying Critical Potential (2002)

This paper reexamines the concept of the dealloying critical potential by considering the critical potential to be a kinetically controlled morphological transition dependent not only on extensive system parameters such as alloy and electrolyte composition, but also on the rate of application of an intrinsic parameter such as the potential ramp rate. In the limit of a quasi-static potential sweep rate, an expression for the critical potential is derived which considers both compositional and morphological fluctuations on the alloy surface at the incipient point of either stability (passivation) or instability (bulk dealloying). In addition, we present detailed critical potential results for the entire range of Ag-Au alloy compositions in and and 1). These results are shown to be consistent with the expression for the critical potential. Finally, we present and discuss ancillary experiments examining the effect of potential sweep rate on the determination of the critical potential. © 2002 The Electrochemical Society. All rights reserved.
Being AWARE about academic integrity (2016)

•What is academic integrity? •How do we become AWARE about academic integrity? •How to identify potential issues •Discussion/questions •References
FreeStyle <sup>™</sup> : A Small-Volume Electrochemical Glucose Sensor for Home Blood Glucose Testing (2000)

FreeStyle accurately measures the concentration of glucose in a 300-nL volume of capillary blood obtained with significantly reduced pain from the forearm where the density of capillaries is much lower than in the fingertips. The readings are independent of temperature, of altitude (O2 pressure) and of hematocrit in the 0%-60% range. At their physiological levels, none of the often interfering constituents of blood affect the readings.
Feasibility Analysis of RAIM to Provide LPV-200 Approaches with Future GPS (2007)

The FAA formed a panel with an objective to evaluate GNSS-based architectures to provide robust LPV-200 service worldwide circa 2020–2025. One of a few architectures considered by the panel relies on Receiver Autonomous Integrity Monitoring (RAIM). In the 2020 to 2025 time frame, it is expected that a dramatically improved capability for modernized GPS will be available which will include multiple-frequency civil signals available on the satellites and possibly a larger number of satellites. RAIM could be a viable means to provide worldwide LPV-200 service. This paper develops and analyzes two RAIM methods to accommodate the new LPV-200 requirements which are still being defined by the FAA. In particular, a new approach is considered in which the integrity risk requirement is freely allocated among different satellite integrity failures in order to achieve a higher RAIM availability. The results show that, in order to provide worldwide LPV-200 service with a sufficiently high availability using this method, a constellation of at least 30 satellites is required.
Techniques for early stopping and error detection in turbo decoding (2003)

In this letter, we present three new criteria for early stopping and error detection in turbo decoding. The approaches are based on monitoring the mean of the absolute values of the log-likelihood ratio of the decoded bits, which we show to be directly related to the variance of the metachannel. We demonstrate that this mean value increases as the number of errors in a frame decreases, and as a result, propose the simple mean-estimate criterion. We show that the systematic component of a terminated recursive systematic convolutional encoder used in turbo codes provides a built-in cyclic redundancy check (CRC). To further improve the performance, we also propose the mean-sign-change (MSC) criterion and the MSC-CRCeb criterion, in which a short external CRC code and the built-in CRC are concatenated with the MSC criterion.
A new algorithm for simultaneous gate sizing and threshold voltage assignment (2009)

Gate sizing and threshold voltage (Vt) assignment are popular techniques for circuit timing and power optimization. Existing methods, by and large, are either sensitivity-driven heuristics or based on rounding continuous optimization solutions. Sensitivity-drive heuristics are easily trapped in local optimum and the rounding is subject to remarkable errors. In this paper, we propose a systematic combinatorial approach for simultaneous gate sizing and Vt assignment. The core ideas of this approach include consistency relaxation and coupled bi-directional search. Our algorithm is compared with a state-of-the-art previous work on benchmark circuits. The results from our algorithm can lead to about 24% less power dissipation subject to the same timing constraints.
High-Temperature Oxygen Sensors Based on Electrochemical Oxygen Pumping (1986)

This paper reviews the area of high temperature oxygen sensors based on oxygen pumping. After an initial discussion of the principle of oxygen pumping, the various sensor designs developed over the years are described and their properties are analyzed and compared in detail. The main characteristic of all these sensors is that their signal output is linearly proportional to the oxygen partial pressure. Their other characteristics, however, depend on the specifics of the sensor design. It is shown that these sensors have several advantages over other oxygen sensors such as the Nernst concentration cell and the metal oxide resistive sensors including higher sensitivity to oxygen and weaker dependence on temperature.
Charging and discharging properties of electron traps created by hot-carrier injections in gate oxide of <i>n</i>-channel metal oxide semiconductor field effect transistor (1993)

The charging and discharging properties of electron traps created by hot-carrier injections in the thin gate oxide of n-channel metal oxide semiconductor transistors are analyzed by means of the effects that charge state transitions induce on the low-level gate current (lower than 1 pA) of the transistor. This current is measured by a very senstive floating-gate technique [F.H. Gaensslen and J.M. Aitken, IEEE Electron. Device Lett. EDL-1, 231 (1980)]. Two traps with electron capture cross sections of the order of 10−14 and 10−15 cm2 are analyzed which are linked with optical and field-dependent measurements of electron emission properties. Thermal and optical ionization energies of these defects are determined at ≊1.7±0.2 and ≊3.0±0.5 eV, respectively. Comparison with theory suggests that Si dangling bonds or oxygen vacancy in the oxide should be the defects created by hot-carrier injections.
Strengthening of existing buildings: an introduction (2021)

This article discusses how strengthening an existing building can enable changes of use, achieve compliance with modern building codes, resist a previously unforeseen environmental load or increase resilience. It gives a broad description of some common strengthening options, as well as guidance on where to find more information.
Assistive mobile manipulation for self-care tasks around the head (2014)

Human-scale mobile robots with arms have the potential to assist people with a variety of tasks. We present a proof-of-concept system that has enabled a person with severe quadriplegia named Henry Evans to shave himself in his own home using a general purpose mobile manipulator (PR2 from Willow Garage). The robot primarily provides assistance by holding a tool (e.g., an electric shaver) at user-specified locations around the user's head, while he/she moves his/her head against it. If the robot detects forces inappropriate for the task (e.g., shaving), it withdraws the tool. The robot also holds a mirror with its other arm, so that the user can see what he/she is doing. For all aspects of the task, the robot and the human work together. The robot uses a series of distinct semi-autonomous subsystems during the task to navigate to poses next to the wheelchair, attain initial arm configurations, register a 3D model of the person's head, move the tool to coarse semantically-labeled tool poses (e.g, “Cheek”), and finely position the tool via incremental movements. Notably, while moving the tool near the user's head, the robot uses an ellipsoidal coordinate system attached to the 3D head model. In addition to describing the complete robotic system, we report results from Henry Evans using it to shave both sides of his face while sitting in his wheelchair at home. He found the process to be long (54 minutes) and the interface unintuitive. Yet, he also found the system to be comfortable to use, felt safe while using it, was satisfied with it, and preferred it to a human caregiver.