gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Efficient Learning on Point Clouds with Basis Point Sets (2019)

With the increased availability of 3D scanning technology, point clouds are moving into the focus of computer vision as a rich representation of everyday scenes. However, they are hard to handle for machine learning algorithms due to their unordered structure. One common approach is to apply occupancy grid mapping, which dramatically increases the amount of data stored and at the same time loses details through discretization. Recently, deep learning models were proposed to handle point clouds directly and achieve input permutation invariance. However, these architectures often use an increased number of parameters and are computationally inefficient. In this work, we propose basis point sets (BPS) as a highly efficient and fully general way to process point clouds with machine learning algorithms. The basis point set representation is a residual representation that can be computed efficiently and can be used with standard neural network architectures and other machine learning algorithms. Using the proposed representation as the input to a simple fully connected network allows us to match the performance of PointNet on a shape classification task while using three orders of magnitude less floating-point operations. In a second experiment, we show how the proposed representation can be used for registering high-resolution meshes to noisy 3D scans. Here, we present the first method for single-pass high-resolution mesh registration, avoiding time-consuming per-scan optimization and allowing real-time execution.
Context-sensitive synthesis of executable functional models of cyber-physical systems (2013)

The high complexity of cross-domain engineering in combination with the pressure for product innovation, higher quality, time-to-market, and budget constraints make it imperative for companies to use integrated engineering methods and tools. Computer engineering tools are mainly focused on a particular domain and therefore it is difficult to combine different tools for systemlevel analysis. This paper presents a novel approach and tool for integrated cyber-physical systems (CPS) design based on the FBS (Function-Behavior-State) methodology where multi-domain simulation models capturing both the behavioral-structural aspects of a system are automatically generated from its functional description. Our approach focuses on simulation-enabled FBS models using automatic and context-sensitive mappings of standard Functional Basis elementary functions to simulation components described in physical modeling languages (i.e. Modelica). Using a real electro-mechanical CPS application we demonstrate how our context-sensitive synthesis approach generates industry-quality executable functional models of higher quality than state-of-the-art approaches using manual mapping.
Theranostic Oxygen Reactive Polymers for Treatment of Traumatic Brain Injury (2016)

Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is the leading cause of disability and death in children and adults under 45, with approximately ten million new cases per year worldwide. Significant progress has been made in understanding the complex pathophysiological response to TBI; however, reducing the damage associated with the reactive oxygen species (ROS)‐dependent secondary phase of the injury remains a substantial challenge. The development of an image‐guided, Gd‐conjugated, oxygen reactive polymer (ORP) to reduce ROS levels in damaged brain tissue is reported. ORP effectively sequesters ROS while remaining biocompatible even at elevated concentrations. ORP is retained in damaged brains of controlled cortical impact (CCI) mouse models of TBI for over 24 h when injected intravenously immediately and up to 3 h post‐CCI. The polymer reduces neurodegeneration tenfold and gliosis twofold in these mouse models. ORP shows initial promise as an effective therapy for TBI and helps provide a better understanding of nanomaterial interaction with damaged brain.
Initial Clinical Results With a Novel Monofocal-Type Intraocular Lens for Extended Macular Vision in Patients With Macular Degeneration (2018)

Initial results indicate this novel IOL has a safety profile comparable with standard IOLs. Visual benefits may exceed those obtained with existing technologies in patients with macular disease. Further work is required to determine the full potential of extended macular vision technology. [J Refract Surg. 2018;34(11):718-725.].
Cooperative Carbon Dioxide Adsorption in Alcoholamine‐ and Alkoxyalkylamine‐Functionalized Metal–Organic Frameworks (2019)

Abstract A series of structurally diverse alcoholamine‐ and alkoxyalkylamine‐functionalized variants of the metal–organic framework Mg 2 (dobpdc) are shown to adsorb CO 2 selectively via cooperative chain‐forming mechanisms. Solid‐state NMR spectra and optimized structures obtained from van der Waals‐corrected density functional theory calculations indicate that the adsorption profiles can be attributed to the formation of carbamic acid or ammonium carbamate chains that are stabilized by hydrogen bonding interactions within the framework pores. These findings significantly expand the scope of chemical functionalities that can be utilized to design cooperative CO 2 adsorbents, providing further means of optimizing these powerful materials for energy‐efficient CO 2 separations.
Measurement of chromatic dispersion of long spans of single-mode fibre: a factory and field test method (1984)

A simple and accurate method for measuring the chromatic dispersion of long spans of single-mode fibre in the vicinity of the minimum-dispersion wavelength is described. Agreement with Nd-YAG/Raman measurements is better than 0.5 ps/km nm within ±30 nm of λ0. A summary of recent field results is also given.
Cathodes for Solid-State Lithium–Oxygen Cells: Roles of Nasicon Glass-Ceramics (2010)

The roles of lithium aluminum germanium phosphate (LAGP) glass-ceramic (GC) in cathodes of totally solid-state lithium–oxygen electrochemical cells are delineated by conducting discharge experiments as a function of cathode chemistry. It is proposed that LAGP possesses an inherent characteristic to adsorb oxygen molecules due to its open structure. The adsorption is followed by reduction of oxygen to superoxide and peroxide molecules. Subsequently, these molecules react with lithium ions to form respective discharge products. In addition to being an important constituent of the cathode, the LAGP also serves as a solid-state electrolyte membrane due to its superionic lithium-ion conductivity. The dual functions of the LAGP GCs make it a feasible material to process an integrated membrane–cathode element of a cell, although this is not demonstrated in this paper.
Superiority of 3-D Hematopoietic Stem Cell (HSC) & Stroma Cell Co-Cultures in Supporting the Proliferation of Transplantable HSC. (2004)

Abstract Stem cells are intimately associated in-vivo with discrete niches within the 3-dimensional (3-D) bone marrow micro-environment collectively provide molecular signals that mediate their differentiation and self-renewal. A recently developed Plug-Flow Bioreactor System (PluriXTM), which closely mimics the physiological bone marrow environment by combining 3-D stromal cultures with a continuous flow system, is capable of supporting long term maintenance/expansion of transplantable human HSC. The stroma cells, growing inside the PluriXTM bioreactor on porrosive carriers enable the propagation of high density (&gt;100-fold input) 3-D stroma cell cultures for prolonged periods of time. Within 40 days, the number of primary human stroma cells seeded in the bioreactor at a density of 5*104 cells/ml reached 1.5*106 cells/ml and the stroma cell lines reached a density of 5*107–1*108 cells/ml. Three-dimensional static stroma HSC co-cultures were found to be superior to 2-D co-cultures in supporting the maintenance of CB HSC and early hematopoietic progenitors. When cord blood CD34+ cells were seeded on 2-D & 3-D stroma cell static cultures, the 3-D stroma cultures proved superior in supporting the growth of CD34+, CD34+38− and CD34+38−CXCR4+ cells. The 3-D primary human stroma static cultures supported these cells 4.7, 22, 7.4 fold better than the 2-D cultures, respectively. The CD34+ cells seeded on the high-density 3-D stroma cell cultures within the PluriXTM bioreactor demonstrated significant superiority to 2-D and 3-D stroma cell static cultures and 2-D stroma cultures in supporting the growth and expansion of HSC and earlier hematopoietic progenitors. These findings verify that a system based on 3-D stroma co-cultures is preferable for ex-vivo expansion of human HSC’s. The PluriXTM system offers wide-range potential for expansion of stem cells from cord blood and production of specific blood products.
Proof-of concept for a self-tracking solar concentrator (2013)

A phase change material actuator is used for a passive, self-tracking solar concentrator system capable of achieving effective concentration factors of 100X with reasonable dimensions (40 × 10 cm2). We show simulations and an experimental proof-of concept demonstrator of the proposed system.
Time is of the essence (2010)

Realtime web search refers to the retrieval of very fresh content which is in high demand. An effective portal web search engine must support a variety of search needs, including realtime web search. However, supporting realtime web search introduces two challenges not encountered in non-realtime web search: quickly crawling relevant content and ranking documents with impoverished link and click information. In this paper, we advocate the use of realtime micro-blogging data for addressing both of these problems. We propose a method to use the micro-blogging data stream to detect fresh URLs. We also use micro-blogging data to compute novel and effective features for ranking fresh URLs. We demonstrate these methods improve effective of the portal web search engine for realtime web search.
Polymorphic type inference for machine code (2016)

For many compiled languages, source-level types are erased very early in the compilation process. As a result, further compiler passes may convert type-safe source into type-unsafe machine code. Type-unsafe idioms in the original source and type-unsafe optimizations mean that type information in a stripped binary is essentially nonexistent. The problem of recovering high-level types by performing type inference over stripped machine code is called type reconstruction, and offers a useful capability in support of reverse engineering and decompilation. In this paper, we motivate and develop a novel type system and algorithm for machine-code type inference. The features of this type system were developed by surveying a wide collection of common source- and machine-code idioms, building a catalog of challenging cases for type reconstruction. We found that these idioms place a sophisticated set of requirements on the type system, inducing features such as recursively-constrained polymorphic types. Many of the features we identify are often seen only in expressive and powerful type systems used by high-level functional languages. Using these type-system features as a guideline, we have developed Retypd: a novel static type-inference algorithm for machine code that supports recursive types, polymorphism, and subtyping. Retypd yields more accurate inferred types than existing algorithms, while also enabling new capabilities such as reconstruction of pointer const annotations with 98% recall. Retypd can operate on weaker program representations than the current state of the art, removing the need for high-quality points-to information that may be impractical to compute.
A Monomeric Variant of Insulin Degrading Enzyme (IDE) Loses Its Regulatory Properties (2010)

These findings serve to establish the dimer interface in IDE and demonstrate the requirement for an oligomeric form of the enzyme for its regulatory properties. The data support a mechanism where the binding of activators to oligomeric IDE induces a conformational change that cannot occur in the monomeric variant. Since a conformational change from a closed to a more open structure is likely the rate-determining step in the IDE reaction, the subunit induced conformational change likely shifts the structure of the oligomeric enzyme to a more open conformation.
Ethylene Polymers, Chlorosulfonated (2001)

Abstract Chlorosulfonated polyethylene, introduced in 1951, represents a family of chlorinated polymers based on various types of polyolefins and some prefunctionalized resins. They are usually prepared by simultaneous chlorination and chlorosulfonation in a homogeneous solution with an inert solvent. Introduction of chlorine atoms onto the polyolefin chain interrupts its regularity, converting the crystalline polymer into semiplastic, elastomeric, or rigid plastic consistency, depending on the level and distribution of chlorine atoms. The sulfonyl chloride group provides a site for a variety of cross‐linking reactions for thermoset applications. Raw polymer processing and vulcanizate mechanical properties depend on the base resin parameters of molecular weight, molecular weight distribution, and density, in addition to the chlorine and cross‐link type. When properly compounded and cross‐linked, these polymers give superior resistance to oil, heat, and ozone compared to most other elastomers, making them valuable in many automotive, construction, and coating applications. Specific adhesion characteristics of the sulfonyl chloride group and other functionality, eg, maleic anhydride graft, leads to special applications as primers and binders.
Uncertainty analysis of drug concentration in pharmaceutical mixtures. (2008)

Using a Taylor expansion to first order, a novel method was developed to calculate the uncertainty of drug concentration in pharmaceutical dosage forms. The method allows, in principle, calculation of the maximum potential error in drug concentration in a mixture composed of an infinite number of ingredients that are measured on multiple balances of variable sensitivity requirements.
Abstract 962: Identification of a PFKFB3 inhibitor suitable for phase I trial testing that synergizes with the B-Raf inhibitor vemurafenib (2014)

Abstract In human cancers, loss of PTEN, stabilization of hypoxia inducible factor-1α, and activation of Ras and AKT converge to increase the activity of a regulator of glycolysis, 6-phosphofructo-2-kinase/fructose-2,6-bisphosphatase (PFKFB3). This enzyme synthesizes fructose-2,6-bisphosphate, which is an activator of 6-phosphofructo-1-kinase, a key step of glycolysis that is tightly controlled by multiple metabolic feedback mechanisms. We recently identified the first competitive small molecule inhibitor of PFKFB3, 3-(3-pyridinyl)-1-(4-pyridinyl)-2-propen-1-one (3PO), and demonstrated that this agent is selectively cytotoxic to Ras-transformed epithelial cells and displays broad anti-tumor activity. We now report the discovery of a novel 3PO-derivative, PFK158, that is markedly more potent than 3PO, has excellent pharmacokinetic properties and causes ∼80% growth inhibition in several mouse models of human-derived tumors. Importantly, IND-enabling safety and toxicity studies have demonstrated that PFK158 is well tolerated in rats and dogs, providing support for a phase 1 trial in cancer patients planned for early 2014. Once the maximum tolerated dose is identified, we intend to conduct multiple phase 1/2 trials of PFK158 in combination with targeted agents given the ability of PFK158 to suppress glucose metabolism and multiple survival mechanisms. One such targeted agent, vemurafenib, is a mutant B-Raf inhibitor that was recently FDA-approved for BRAFV600E-positive melanoma patients. Unfortunately, a multitude of resistance mechanisms have resulted in disease progression in less than one year for the majority of melanoma patients treated with vemurafenib. We hypothesized that PFK158 would sensitize vemurafenib-resistant melanoma cells and found that the addition of PFK158 to vemurafenib caused a marked increase in the apoptotic death of several melanoma cell lines in vitro. These data provide rationale for the conduct of pre-clinical studies of PFK158 combined with vemurafenib in transgenic BRAFV600E melanoma mouse models which are in turn expected to justify a phase I/II trial of the combination in BRAFV600E-positive melanoma patients. In conclusion, PFK158 is the first PFKFB3 inhibitor to be examined in a phase I trial and may have significant clinical utility when combined with agents that target driver oncogenes. Citation Format: Julie O'Neal, Gilles Tapolsky, Brian Clem, Sucheta Telang, Jason Chesney. Identification of a PFKFB3 inhibitor suitable for phase I trial testing that synergizes with the B-Raf inhibitor vemurafenib. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 105th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2014 Apr 5-9; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2014;74(19 Suppl):Abstract nr 962. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2014-962
Crystallization Inhibitors and Extenders for Trimedlure, the Attractant for the Mediterranean Fruit Fly (Diptera: Tephritidae)1 (1987)

Certain esters of 4(and 5)-chloro-trans-2-methylcyclohexane-1-carboxylic acid that are attractive to the Mediterranean fruit fly, Ceratitis capitata (Wiedemann), and are of lower volatility than trimedlure (TML), 1,1-dimethylethyl 4(and 5)-chloro-trans-2-methylcyclohexane-1-carboxylate, the attractant for C.capitata, can act in a dual and advantageous capacity when added to TML. The additives, when mixed with TML in 25–50% mixtures, prevent or greatly reduce crystallization of the solid TML isomers that occurs during storage or use during cool weather. The additives act as extenders of TML’s attractiveness and do not adversely affect the efficacy of the lure. The 1-methylbutyl ester was the additive that was most effective in accomplishing this dual function.
An Erasure Coded Archival Storage System (2012)

There is an ever increasing need of storage capacity for storage of digital archives and historical data-digital preservation, because of regulatory and compliance requirements. There is an increasing interest in disk based archival system. Major technical challenges in creating large disk based storage archive are - providing large capacity at low costs, large read and write throughput, data integrity and sustaining hardware and operating system refresh. In this paper we present the architecture and working principle of an archival storage system that uses an erasure-coded redundancy scheme. We present the design of a Quality of Service (QoS) framework that tries to achieve an optimum balance between file availability, performance and system availability. The design includes a file encoding and placement scheme that allows files to be read from the archive without the need to access any metadata. Finally, we present the results obtained from running an experimental setup on Amazon Web Services.
Toxicity and Metabolism of Exogenous α,β-Unsaturated Carbonyls in Potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) Tubers (2012)

A group of aliphatic α,β-unsaturated carbonyl compounds was evaluated for their utility as inhibitors of sprout growth in stored potato tubers (Solanum tuberosum L.). Nondormant tubers were treated with vapors of six 8-10-carbon compounds of this chemistry. Subsequent sprout growth at 16 °C (95% relative humidity) over ca. 3 months in storage was suppressed by all compounds in a concentration-dependent manner. The volatile metabolites produced by sprout and associated tuber tissues following treatment with 3-octen-2-one, 3-nonen-2-one, and 3-decen-2-one were the corresponding alkyl ketones and alkyl secondary alcohols. In contrast, (E)-2-octenal, (E)-2-nonenal, and (E)-2-decenal were metabolized by two pathways: (1) parent compound to the corresponding alkyl aldehyde and then to the alkyl primary alcohol and (2) parent compound to the alkenyl primary alcohol. Residues of 3-nonen-2-one and (E)-2-nonenal and their metabolites were analyzed in whole tubers over a 28 day post-treatment period. The concentrations of the parent ketone and aldehyde declined rapidly following application, and the most persistent metabolites were 2-nonanol and (E)-2-nonen-1-ol, respectively. The sequence of reactions leading from the α,β-unsaturated carbonyls to the alcohols was determined by application of each of the 9-carbon compounds individually to tubers. In long-term efficacy studies, a single application of (E)-2-nonenal and 3-nonen-2-one to nondormant tubers terminated sprout growth and prevented regrowth for 2-3 months. A second application suppressed sprouting for at least 4-5 additional months. This efficacy, combined with rapid metabolism and low residue levels, makes the 8-10-carbon α,β-unsaturated ketones and aldehydes worth consideration for use as sprout inhibitors.
["Death and survival of neuronal cells exposed to Alzheimer's disease-relevant insults"]. (2002)

The mechanism for neuronal cell death by familial Alzheimer's disease (FAD) genes turned out to consist of various elemental combinations by the different types of cytotoxicity. We therefore tried a new approach toward identifying novel anti-AD suppressors of neuronal death, termed disease-based death trap screening. The identified genes were classified into three categories. In the first category, there were known anti-cell death genes; in the second, there were known genes with unknown function; and in the third, there were novel genes. The cDNA that encodes a 24-residue peptide, termed HN, is in the third category. HN protects neuronal death caused not only by all known kinds of FAD genes (mutant APP, PS1 and PS2), but also by anti-APP antibody and Abeta peptides, but not by long polyQ or SOD1 mutants. HN is a secretory peptide and exerts its protective function from the outside of the cell. The function of HN strictly depends on the structure. C8A-HN lost the activity and S14G-HN had approximately 1000 times increased potency of its action. Immunoblot analysis detected 3-kDa HN immunoreactive peptide in the testis and the colon in 3-week-old mice and only in the testis in 12-week-old mice. Notably, no HN immunoreactivity was detected in the brain. However, in an AD brain, not in an age-matched control, HN immunoreactivity was detected in neurons in the occipital lobe and in reactive glias in the hippocampal sections. The specific binding for HN exists on the neuronal cells and the rescue action of HN is specifically inhibited by genistein but not by wortmannin, suggesting that HN acts through the neuronal surface receptor linked to certain tyrosine kinases, but different from typical receptor tyrosine kinases. This study will provide a new insight into the research of AD.
Ambipolar Organic Thin Film Transistor-like Behavior of Cationic and Anionic Phthalocyanines Fabricated Using Layer-by-Layer Deposition from Aqueous Solution (2003)

Organic thin film field effect transistors of water-soluble cationic and anionic phthalocyanine derivatives were successfully prepared using the layer-by-layer deposition technique. The alternating film growth and subsequent transistor properties were studied with a variety of techniques including ellipsometry, UV−vis spectroscopy, polarized UV−vis spectroscopy, AFM, and field effect transistor measurements. A stepwise and regular deposition of copper(II) phthalocyanine tetrakis(methyl pyridinium) chloride and copper(II) phthalocyanine tetrasulfonic acid, tetrasodium salt multilayers in both pure water and 0.03 M NaCl solution was observed. Differences in linear growth were observed between pure water and 0.03 M NaCl-based solutions. Polarized UV−vis spectra indicated that the conjugated phthalocyanine ring lies almost flat on the substrate surface with a random orientation within the plane of the substrate. Unusual “ambipolar” transistor-like behavior was found for the films that can be attributed to an ion-modulated electrical conduction mechanism, which relies on the assistance of mobile ions to stabilize the oxidized or reduced species in the channel region.