gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A high voltage nanosecond pulser with variable pulse width and pulse repetition frequency control for nonequilibrium plasma applications (2014)

Eagle Harbor Technologies, Inc. (EHT) is developing a high voltage nanosecond pulser capable of generating non-equilibrium plasmas, including dielectric barrier discharges, pseudospark discharges, and liquid plasma discharges for plasma medicine, material science, enhanced combustion, drag reduction, and other research applications. EHT nanosecond pulsers are capable of producing high voltage (up to 60 kV) pulses (width 20 – 500 ns) with fast rise times (< 10 ns) at high pulse repetition frequency (adjustable up to 100 kHz) for continuous operation. The pulser does not require the use of saturable core magnetics, which allows for the output voltage, pulse width, and pulse repetition frequency to be independently adjustable, enabling researchers to explore non-equilibrium plasmas over a wide range of parameters. A magnetic compression stage can be added to improve the rise time and drive lower impedance loads without sacrificing high pulse repetition frequency operation.
Excimers and Exciplexes of Conjugated Polymers (1994)

Observations of intermolecular excimers in several pi-conjugated polymers and exciplexes of these polymers with tris(p-tolyl) amine are reported. It is shown that the luminescence of conjugated polymer thin films originates from excimer emission and that the generally low quantum yield is the result of self-quenching. Thus, in sufficiently dilute solution, the "single-chain" emission has a quantum yield of unity. Exciplex luminescence and exciplex-mediated charge photogeneration have much higher quantum yields than the excimer-mediated photophysical processes. These results provide a basis for understanding and controlling the photophysics of conjugated polymers in terms of supramolecular structure and morphology.
Intestinal microbiota in infants at high risk for allergy: Effects of prebiotics and role in eczema development (2017)

We showed that a partially hydrolyzed protein infant formula with specific prebiotics modulated the gut microbiota closer to that of breast-fed infants. Additionally, we identified a potential link between microbial activity and onset of eczema, which might reflect a suboptimal implementation of gut microbiota at specific developmental stages in infants at high risk for allergy.
<title>Optimally stable electron cyclotron resonance plasma generation for precise ULSI patterning</title> (1993)

This paper discusses microwave absorption around the electron cyclotron resonance (ECR) region in relation to the magnetic field profiles and microwave conditions, and shows how to achieve stable, uniform, and efficient microwave absorption in an ECR plasma to prevent the instability. A high-performance multi-coil system and a new microwave introduction method developed for stable plasma generation are described. Experimental results show that sufficiently precise patterning suitable for practical use is achieved.
Certificate Assignment Strategies for a PKI-Based Security Architecture in a Vehicular Network (2008)

This paper proposes novel certificate assignment strategies for use in vehicular networks in order to significantly reduce the complexity of managing the public key infrastructure (PKI) framework. The strategy involves segmenting a country into a number of geographic regions, and the assignment of region-specific certificates to an OBU resident on a vehicle. A vehicle is also assigned multiple certificates corresponding to several regions in its vicinity as advance preparation for migration into nearby regions. Segmentation based on geographic regions is shown to significantly reduce the size of certificate revocation lists (CRLs). Next, a scalable design for the back-end certifying authority (CA) with region-based certificates is presented. The paper concludes with a simple analysis of the performance of the proposed strategies.
Single-photon avalanche diode with ultrafast pulse response free from slow tails (1993)

A single-photon avalanche diode (SPAD) with a novel structure is presented. The slow tail in the pulse response, which plagued the performance of previous ultrahigh-speed SPADs, has been eliminated. The pulse response is cleaner and sharper than that of the fastest microchannel-plate photomultipliers, making the new devices almost ideal for photon timing measurements on fast optical waveforms. The typical photon detection efficiencies are 16% at 630 nm and 4% at 850 nm, and the timing resolution of the 8- mu m devices is 45 ps full width at half maximum (FWHM). Unprecedented performance is demonstrated: just 300 ps after a light pulse, a signal three orders of magnitude weaker can be easily measured.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Characterization of vapor deposited diamond with cathodoluminescence. (1990)

An tentative evaluation was made by cathodoluminescence for diamond films deposited by microwave plasma CVD. The diamond was prepared from source gases of either H2 + CH4 or H2 + CO. Results obtained by CL analysis were compared with those by XRD, Raman spectroscopy and SE microscopy, and CL turned out to be a very effective technique for evaluating crystallinity of diamonds -both CVD-deposited and natural.
Zero vector modulation method for voltage source inverter operating near zero output frequency (2004)

A new zero vector modulation (ZVM) method is developed for usage in voltage source inverters operating near zero output frequency. In automotive applications during hill-holding maneuver a condition occurs requiring the electric drive system to produce high output current at zero or near zero output frequency. This mode of operation represents an increased stress for the VSI, since, depending upon the chosen modulation strategy, individual switch losses can exceed those occurring in normal operating modes. In the proposed ZVM method, the additional degree of freedom, choice of zero vectors, is used to distribute conduction losses among the inverter switches in the leg carrying the largest current. The zero vectors are altered periodically, at relatively low frequency (10 Hz-100 Hz). The method utilizes the fact that near zero speed, the average output voltage is small, and the time for which a zero vector is applied is significant. The method was tested experimentally on a 600 V, 400 A/sub rms/ inverter equipped with thermal-couples for the junction temperature measurements. For the tested inverter, the ZVM method enabled increased current rating at zero output fundamental frequency compared to commonly use discontinuous PWM method by approximately 15% and by about 30% compared to the space vector PWM modulation method with the same switching frequency.
RevRank: A Fully Unsupervised Algorithm for Selecting the Most Helpful Book Reviews (2009)

We present an algorithm for automatically ranking user-generated book reviews according to review helpfulness. Given a collection of reviews, our RevRank algorithm identifies a lexicon of dominant terms that constitutes the core of a virtual optimal review. This lexicon defines a feature vector representation. Reviews are then converted to this representation and ranked according to their distance from a "virtual core" review vector. The algorithm is fully unsupervised and thus avoids costly and error-prone manual training annotations. Our experiments show that RevRank clearly outperforms a baseline imitating the Amazon user vote review ranking system.
<title>Delta-doped CCDs as stable, high-sensitivity, high-resolution UV imaging arrays</title> (1994)

Delta-doped CCDs have achieved stable quantum efficiency, at the theoretical limit imposed by reflection from the Si surface in the near UV and visible. In this approach, an epitaxial silicon layer is grown on a fully-processed commercial CCD using molecular beam epitaxy. During the silicon growth on the CCD, 30% of a monolayer of boron atoms are deposited nominally within a single atomic layer, resulting in the effective elimination of the backside potential well. These devices are highly uniform and have exhibited long-term stability. To achieve significantly higher total quantum efficiency, antireflection layers can be directly deposited on the device. This was demonstrated in the 250-400 nm region.
Effect of Sidewell Completion on Steamflood Performance of Inverted Nine-Spot Patterns (1991)

ABSTRACT A numerical simulation study was undertaken to determine the best completion scheme for the sidewell in an inverted nine-spot pattern. Simulation results showed that completing the sidewell across the bottom 20% (1/5) of the target interval produces the largest cumulative oil at the lowest cumulative steam-oil ratio. This completion scheme was found to be best regardless of the pattern size (2.5 or 5.0 acres) and the initial reservoir temperature (90 or 200°F). If an intermediate shale lense is present in the sand, the oil additionally recovered by partially completing the sidewell over that by fully completing it decreases with a decrease in vertical permeability of the shale lense. This results because the effects of steam override and gravity drainage diminish with decreasing vertical permeability.
DISCRIMINATIVELY TRAINED SPOKEN DOCUMENT SIMILARITY MODELS AND THEIR APPLICATION TO PROBABILISTIC LATENT SEMANTIC ANALYSIS (2006)

This paper presents a novel framework for discriminatively training spoken document similarity models. Traditional similarity methods such as Vector Space Modeling and Probabilistic Latent Semantic Analysis suffer from a mismatch in modeling and evaluation objective functions. This work proposes reconciling this mismatch by using a discriminative training process in conjunction with prior knowledge of known document relationships to train an ensemble of spoken document similarity models. The reported experiments demonstrate dramatic improvements in mAP performance for the tasks of related document search and query-by-document retrieval, and highlight the ability of the resulting models to better generalize to unseen topics and unseen documents.
Revealing Triple‐Shape Memory Effect by Polymer Bilayers (2009)

Bilayer polymers that consist of two epoxy dual-shape memory polymers of well-separated glass transition temperatures have been synthesized. These bilayer epoxy samples exhibit a triple-shape memory effect (TSME) with shape fixities tailorable by changing the ratio between the two layers. The triple-shape fixities of the bilayer epoxy polymers can be explained by the balance of stress between the two layers. Based on this work, it is believed that the following three molecular design criterions should be considered in designing triple-shape memory polymers with optimum TSME: 1) well-separated thermal transitions, 2) a strong interface, and 3) an appropriate balance of moduli and relative ratios between the layers (or microphases).
Inductance compensation of multiple capacitors with application to common- and differential-mode filters (2006)

Capacitor parasitic inductance often limits the high-frequency performance of Electromagnetic Interference (EMI) filters in both common- and differential-mode filtering domains. However, these limitations can be overcome through the use of specially-coupled magnetic windings that effectively nullify the capacitor parasitic inductance. This document explores the use of a single coupled magnetic winding to provide inductance compensation for multiple capacitors (e.g. both differential- and common-mode capacitors) simultaneously, reducing the number of coils previously required. The substantial advantages of this method are illustrated both in a proof-of-concept test circuit and in an improved version of an existing EMI filter. The coupling between multiple inductance compensation windings in a single filter enclosure is also investigated.
Near-Field Tomography without Phase Retrieval (2001)

We investigate the near-field inverse scattering problem with evanescent waves. An analytic solution to this problem within the weak-scattering approximation is used to show that the usual Rayleigh limit may be overcome even when measurements are made without phase information. Applications to a novel form of three-dimensional microscopy with subwavelength resolution are described.
Optimization of a Magnetodynamic Receiver for Versatile Low-Frequency Wireless Power Transfer (2019)

Magnetodynamic wireless power transfer (WPT), also known as electrodynamic wireless power transfer, is a low-frequency WPT technology based on an electromechanical receiver comprising a permanent magnet moving in a coil. Because of the low-frequency field, this technology is safe around humans and enables transfer through conductive media. In this paper, we focus on the design and the optimization of the power receiver with advanced modelling methods. Two operating modes, namely a continuously rotating mode and a resonant mode, targeting high-power-density and mid-range power transfer respectively, are investigated and compared to previous versions. The fabricated 25-cm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3</sup> receiver presents substantial improvements in terms of transferred power (3.3W) and power density (x7) compared to previous receivers in the same conditions of fields.
Relevance weighting for query independent evidence (2005)

A query independent feature, relating perhaps to document content, linkage or usage, can be transformed into a static, per-document relevance weight for use in ranking. The challenge is to find a good function to transform feature values into relevance scores. This paper presents FLOE, a simple density analysis method for modelling the shape of the transformation required, based on training data and without assuming independence between feature and baseline. For a new query independent feature, it addresses the questions: is it required for ranking, what sort of transformation is appropriate and, after adding it, how successful was the chosen transformation? Based on this we apply sigmoid transformations to PageRank, indegree, URL Length and ClickDistance, tested in combination with a BM25 baseline.
Improved Subtyping of Staphylococcus aureus Clonal Complex 8 Strains Based on Whole-Genome Phylogenetic Analysis (2018)

Strains of <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i> in clonal complex 8 (CC8), including USA300, USA500, and the Iberian clone, are prevalent pathogens in the United States, both inside and outside health care settings. Methods for typing CC8 strains are becoming obsolete as the strains evolve and diversify, and whole-genome sequencing has shown that some strain types fall into multiple sublineages within CC8. In this study, we attempt to clarify the strain nomenclature of CC8, classifying the major strain types based on whole-genome sequence phylogenetics using both methicillin-resistant <i>S. aureus</i> (MRSA) and methicillin-susceptible <i>S. aureus</i> (MSSA) genomes. We show that isolates of the Archaic and Iberian clones from decades ago make up the most basal clade of the main CC8 lineages and that at least one successful lineage of CC8, made up mostly of MSSA, diverged before the other well-known strain types USA500 and USA300. We also show that the USA500 type includes two clades separated by the previously described "Canadian epidemic MRSA" strain CMRSA9, that one clade containing USA500 also contains the USA300 clade, and that the USA300-0114 strain type is not a monophyletic group. Additionally, we present a rapid, simple CC8 strain-typing scheme using real-time PCR assays that target single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) derived from our CC8 phylogeny and show the significant benefit of using more stable genomic markers based on evolutionary lineages over traditional <i>S. aureus</i> typing techniques. This more accurate and accessible <i>S. aureus</i> typing system may improve surveillance and better inform the epidemiology of this very important pathogen.<b>IMPORTANCE</b><i>Staphylococcus aureus</i> is a major human pathogen worldwide in both community and health care settings. Surveillance for <i>S. aureus</i> strains is important to our understanding of their spread and to informing infection prevention and control. Confusion surrounding the strain nomenclature of one of the most prevalent lineages of <i>S. aureus</i>, clonal complex 8 (CC8), and the imprecision of current tools for typing <i>S. aureus</i> make surveillance and source tracing difficult and sometimes misleading. In this study, we clarify the CC8 strain designations and propose a new typing scheme for CC8 isolates that is rapid and easy to use. This typing scheme is based on relatively stable genomic markers, and we demonstrate its superiority over traditional typing techniques. This scheme has the potential to greatly improve epidemiological investigations of <i>S. aureus</i>.
Structure-Based Design and Characterization of Novel Platforms for Ricin and Shiga Toxin Inhibition (2001)

Ribosome inhibiting proteins, RIPs, are a widespread family of toxic enzymes. Ricin is a plant toxin used as a poison and biological warfare agent; shiga toxin is a homologue expressed by pathogenic strains of E. coli. There is interest in creating effective antidote inhibitors to this class of enzymes. RIPs act by binding and hydrolyzing a specific adenine base from rRNA. Previous virtual screens revealed that pterins could bind in the specificity pocket of ricin and inhibit the enzyme. In this paper we explore a range of compounds that could serve as better platforms for inhibitor design. This establishes the importance of key hydrogen bond donors and acceptors for active-site complementarity. 8-Methyl-9-oxoguanine is a soluble compound that has the best inhibitory properties of any platform tested. The X-ray structure of this complex revealed that the inhibitor binds in an unexpected way that provides insight for future design. Several inhibitors of ricin were also shown to be inhibitors of shiga toxin, suggesting this program has the potential to develop effective antidotes to an important form of food poisoning.
Biological Activity of Recombinant Der p 2, Der p 5 and Der p 7 Allergens of the House-Dust Mite <i>Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus</i> (1997)

Der p 2, Der p 5 and Der p 7 are three allergens of the house-dust mite Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus that have been cloned and expressed in Escherichia coli as fusion proteins with glutathione-S-transferase (GST). We showed that these recombinant allergens produced immediate hypersensitivity skin-test reactions in 70, 60 and 52% respectively of a group of mite-sensitive allergic patients who were strongly positive to whole mite extract (WME). Comparable positivities were found for serum levels of specific IgE antibody against these allergens, as measured by the radioallergosorbant test (RAST). Overall, for the group of allergic patients that we evaluated, the serum IgE antibody concentrations against Der p 2, 5 and 7 were calculated to represent about one third, one quarter and one fifth respectively of the levels measured against the WME. However, for some patients the activity determined against the separate allergens was far higher than that detected against the WME, thus indicating that the concentration of these can be limiting in the WME. We found no significant correlations between the RAST levels against Derp 2 and either Derp 5 or 7, and RAST-inhibition tests indicated a lack of cross-reactivity between Der p 2 and the other two allergens. In contrast, the RAST results revealed the existence of a significant immunological relationship between Der p 5 and 7. Although a certain degree of reactivity against the GST fusion partner was found in the allergic patients studied, this was not a significant influence in determining the positivity against the recombinant allergens. These results confirm the in vivo biological activity of recombinant Der p 2, 5 and 7, and indicate that whilst Der p 2 is undoubtedly a major mite allergen, both Der p 5 and 7 make important contributions toward the overall allergenic activity of house-dust mites.
Offline and Online Search: UAV Multiobjective Path Planning Under Dynamic Urban Environment (2017)

This paper is concerned with path planning for unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) flying through low altitude urban environment. Although many different path planning algorithms have been proposed to find optimal or near-optimal collision-free paths for UAVs, most of them either do not consider dynamic obstacle avoidance or do not incorporate multiple objectives. In this paper, we propose a multiobjective path planning (MOPP) framework to explore a suitable path for a UAV operating in a dynamic urban environment, where safety level is considered in the proposed framework to guarantee the safety of UAV in addition to travel time. To this aim, two types of safety index maps (SIMs) are developed first to capture static obstacles in the geography map and unexpected obstacles that are unavailable in the geography map. Then an MOPP method is proposed by jointly using offline and online search, where the offline search is based on the static SIM and helps shorten the travel time and avoid static obstacles, while the online search is based on the dynamic SIM of unexpected obstacles and helps bypass unexpected obstacles quickly. Extensive experimental results verify the effectiveness of the proposed framework under the dynamic urban environment.
Primitive delay faults: identification, testing, and design for testability (1999)

We investigate two strategies to guarantee temporal correctness of a combinational circuit. We first propose a new technique to identify and test primitive faults. A primitive fault is a path delay fault that has to be tested to guarantee the performance of the circuit. Primitive faults can consist of single- (SPDF's) or multiple path delay faults (MPDF's). Testing strategies for single primitive faults exist. In this paper, we focus on identifying and testing multiple primitive faults. Identification and testing of these faults is important for at least two reasons: (1) a large percentage of paths in production circuits remain untestable under the SPDF model, and (2) distributed manufacturing defects usually adversely affect more than one path and these defects can be detected only by analyzing multiple affected paths. The SPDF's contained in a multiple primitive fault have to merge at some gate(s). Our methodology can quickly (1) rule out a large number of gates as possible merging gates for primitive faults, and (2) prune the combinations of paths that can never belong to any primitive fault. Our identification procedure also finds a test for the fault. We present a complete algorithm for identifying and testing double path delay faults, Identifying and testing all primitive faults is impractical for large designs. This is because no efficient methods are known for testing primitive faults that include a large number of paths. However, to guarantee that the performance of a digital circuit is not affected by timing defects, it is necessary to test all primitive faults. Our second contribution is a new design for testability method. Our method guarantees that only primitive faults with at most two paths can exist in the circuit in the test mode. The main idea is to efficiently identify a small set of signals for inserting test points to eliminate primitive faults with more than two paths. Our test points only provide controllability. Addition of a single test point can lower the cardinality of several primitive faults. Our approach efficiently re-evaluates primitive delay fault testability of the circuit after insertion of a test point. After a few iterations only primitive faults with at most two paths can exist in the circuit in the test mode. Experimental results on several multilevel combinational benchmark circuits are included to demonstrate the usefulness of our techniques.