gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Production and Characterization of T Cell Hybridomas (2003)

T-cell hybridomas were first produced some 20 yr ago (). They have been used for research in almost all aspects of T-cell biology ranging from experiments on T-cell receptors and their specificity to the cytokines produced by T cells and the factors that lead to T-cell death. For biological studies, T-cell hybridomas have several advantages over normal T cells and T-cell lines. T-cell hybridomas grow rapidly in tissue culture. Their proliferation does not require components other than those of normal medium and serum. The cells divide spontaneously. Normal resting T cells do not divide in culture and must be freshly isolated from animals immediately before use. T-cell lines and clones do divide in vitro, however they require stimulation in the form of antigen and antigen presenting cells and/or cytokines such as interleukin 2 (IL-2). These nontransformed cells are therefore more trouble and more expensive to culture than hybridomas are and there is always the danger that inappropriate cells from the antigen presenting population will contaminate the specific T-cell preparation. There is also the danger that T-cell lines will senesce, a phenomenon which does not apply to hybridomas. T-cell hybridomas are usually easy to clone and may have plating efficiencies approaching the ideal. Finally, because they grow so well in culture, T-cell hybridomas, unlike their untransformed counterparts, can be selected for mutants, infected and transformed, thus allowing genetic manipulations that are not possible in normal T cells.
Necroptosis inhibitors as therapeutic targets in inflammation mediated disorders - a review of the current literature and patents (2016)

Recent studies have shown substantial interplay between the apoptosis and necroptosis pathways. Necroptosis, a form of programmed cell death, has been found to stimulate the immune system contributing to the pathophysiology of several inflammation-mediated disorders. Determining the contribution of necroptotic signaling pathways to inflammation may lead to the development of selective and specific molecular target implicated necroptosis inhibitors. Areas covered: This review summarizes the recently published and patented necroptosis inhibitors as therapeutic targets in inflammation-mediated disorders. The role of several necroptosis inhibitors, focusing on specific signaling molecules, was discussed with particular attention to inflammation-mediated disorders. Data was obtained from Espacenet®, WIPO®, USPTO® patent websites, and other relevant sources (2006-2016). Expert opinion: Necroptosis inhibitors hold promise for treatment of inflammation-mediated clinical conditions in which necroptotic cell death plays a major role. Although necroptosis inhibitors reviewed in this survey showed inhibitory effects against several inflammation-mediated disorders, only a few have passed to the stage of clinical testing and need extensive research for therapeutic practice. Revisiting the existing drugs and developing novel necroptosis inhibiting agents as well as understanding their mechanism are essential. A detailed study of necroptosis function in animal models of inflammation may provide us an alternative strategy for the development of drug-like necroptosis inhibitors.
Hydrogen in the mechanically prepared nanostructured graphite (1999)

Nanostructured graphite was prepared by mechanical milling under hydrogen atmosphere. Several samples obtained after different milling times were systematically examined to get fundamental information about the structures and hydrogen concentrations. After the expansion of the graphite interlayer, the long-range ordering of the interlayer disappears continuously with increasing milling time. The hydrogen concentration reaches up to 7.4 mass % (CH0.95) after milling for 80 h. Judging from the radial distribution function determined by the neutron diffraction measurement, there are two types of deuterium coordinations: deuterium atoms in the graphite interlayers and that with the CDx covalent bonds, respectively.
Poly(vinyl alcohol) films crosslinked by glutaraldehyde under mild conditions (2008)

Abstract The use of mild conditions to perform the entrapment of biomolecules in polymeric matrices is a crucial step in a broad range of applications as biosensors, biocarrier‐mediated facilitated transport membranes, and drug‐controlled release devices. In this study, we investigated the crosslinking of poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) by glutaraldehyde in the absence of an acid catalyst and organic solvents to improve the water resistance of the hydrophilic biocompatible polymer. Glutaraldehyde was chosen as the crosslinking agent because it favors the intermolecular reaction with PVA and is able to bind nonspecifically to proteins. The effects of the temperature and glutaraldehyde content on the thermal and structural properties of the PVA films were examined. Membranes prepared at 40°C showed a maximum crosslinking density for low glutaraldehyde content namely, 0.04 wt % in the spreading solution. Higher amounts of the crosslinker led to the branching of PVA. The increase in membrane thermal properties and reduction in crystallinity were ascribed to the crosslinking treatment, which was confirmed by Fourier transform infrared analysis. The oxygen permeability of the films was reduced up to 2.7 times, which indicated that the crosslinking of the polymer was successfully accomplished. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2009
Oxaliplatin and UFT/oral calcium folinate for advanced colorectal carcinoma. (1999)

Oxaliplatin is a unique platinum compound with single-agent activity in both chemotherapy-naïve colorectal cancer patients and patients who progressed on 5-fluorouracil (5-FU). The combination of oxaliplatin and 5-FU has demonstrated preclinical synergy, and recent clinical trials have demonstrated enhanced activity for the combination in the clinical setting as well. UFT (uracil plus tegafur in a 4:1 molar ratio) plus oral calcium folinate (Orzel) is an oral fluoropyrimidine with several potential advantages over intravenous 5-FU and known activity in colorectal cancer. The current trial was designed to evaluate the role of these agents in combination in the treatment of patients with advanced colorectal cancer.
Determination of free and total carbon in suspended air particulate matter collected on glass fiber filters (1980)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTDetermination of free and total carbon in suspended air particulate matter collected on glass fiber filtersJames A. Pimenta and George R. WoodCite this: Environ. Sci. Technol. 1980, 14, 5, 556–561Publication Date (Print):May 1, 1980Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 May 1980https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/es60165a003https://doi.org/10.1021/es60165a003research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views112Altmetric-Citations14LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Death of a Labour Lawyer? (2004)

This chapter echoes the previous argument in warning developing nations against ‘racing to the bottom’, as well as in responding to broader claims about the ‘death of labour law’ in an era of globalization. It makes the case that even an impoverished nation experiencing extraordinarily high unemployment, like the new South Africa, should resist the temptation to lower labour standards, citing evidence that other factors have a greater impact on export performance and foreign direct investment than protective labour legislation. It concludes that the nation-state can still play an important role, both in developing new forms of regulation suited to new economic circumstances and in enabling new forms of resistance to and struggle against work-based forms of inequality and exploitation.
Japanese text-to-speech synthesizer based on residual excited speech synthesis (2005)

A Japanese text-to-speech conversion technology has been developed, where a new text analysis method and a new speech synthesis method have been employed to improve pronunciation of Kanji characters and phoneme articulation. Morpheme analysis is first performed for an input text, and pronunciation and grammatical information are extracted. For word identification in Kanji character strings, an efficient method based on Japanese word statistics is introduced, and the text is converted into Kana strings, Kana strings are represented with a string of Dyad-type units(CV,VC,VV). Speech parameters for the Dyad-type units are concatenated to produce continuous speech. Residual signal is used as an excitation source for LSP synthesis in unvoiced consonant periods. An articulation test has shown that the residual signal is more effective than a noise signal and significantly improves explosive consonant synthesis.
Toward a decentralized trust-based access control system for dynamic collaboration (2005)

As ad-hoc collaborative environments become more common, the need for access control becomes more imperative. Centralized access control determination fails to work in mobile ad-hoc networking environments, as the information necessary for pre-configuration is not available. This situation is exacerbated by the dynamic nature of the environment's membership, so that the time and resources expended in offline management are largely wasted. This paper presents a decentralized access control system that implements sociological trust constructs in a quantitative system to evaluate interaction partners. A distributed, node-centric approach to reputation management processes nodal behavior feedback and provides a reputation index that nodes use to determine trustworthiness their peers before establishing associations. The availability of a reputation index gives a measure of expectation of a peer's behavior, based on past performance, and makes a MANET a more distributed operational environment.
Conservation and Sex-Specific Splicing of the transformer Gene in the Calliphorids Cochliomyia hominivorax, Cochliomyia macellaria and Lucilia sericata (2013)

Transformer (TRA) promotes female development in several dipteran species including the Australian sheep blowfly Lucilia cuprina, the Mediterranean fruit fly, housefly and Drosophila melanogaster. tra transcripts are sex-specifically spliced such that only the female form encodes full length functional protein. The presence of six predicted TRA/TRA2 binding sites in the sex-specific female intron of the L. cuprina gene suggested that tra splicing is auto-regulated as in medfly and housefly. With the aim of identifying conserved motifs that may play a role in tra sex-specific splicing, here we have isolated and characterized the tra gene from three additional blowfly species, L. sericata, Cochliomyia hominivorax and C. macellaria. The blowfly adult male and female transcripts differ in the choice of splice donor site in the first intron, with males using a site downstream of the site used in females. The tra genes all contain a single TRA/TRA2 site in the male exon and a cluster of four to five sites in the male intron. However, overall the sex-specific intron sequences are poorly conserved in closely related blowflies. The most conserved regions are around the exon/intron junctions, the 3' end of the intron and near the cluster of TRA/TRA2 sites. We propose a model for sex specific regulation of tra splicing that incorporates the conserved features identified in this study. In L. sericata embryos, the male tra transcript was first detected at around the time of cellular blastoderm formation. RNAi experiments showed that tra is required for female development in L. sericata and C. macellaria. The isolation of the tra gene from the New World screwworm fly C. hominivorax, a major livestock pest, will facilitate the development of a "male-only" strain for genetic control programs.
Characterization of an endogenous metalloproteinase in human vitreous (1994)

The vitreous is a gel-like connective tissue that undergoes liquefaction during aging and pathological processes. We isolated and characterized a degradative enzyme from the vitreous of different species and identified it to be matrix metalloproteinase-2 (MMP-2). This enzyme was found in a latent form and may be associated with endogenous inhibitors. Vitreous isolated from both non-diabetic and diabetic patients contained MMP-2 in the same concentrations. However, the diabetic samples had an additional gelatinase activity at 92 kDa which may be associated with a compromised vasculature. These results suggest that the normal human vitreous contains an endogenous MMP and the appearance of an additional activity is associated with pathologic conditions.
Mesoporous Li<sub>4</sub>Ti<sub>5</sub>O<sub>12</sub> nanoclusters anchored on super-aligned carbon nanotubes as high performance electrodes for lithium ion batteries (2015)

Mesoporous lithium titanate (LTO) nanoclusters are in situ synthesized in a network of super aligned carbon nanotubes (SACNTs) via a solution-based method followed by heat treatment in air. In the LTO-CNT composite, SACNTs not only serve as the skeleton to support a binder-free electrode, but also render the composite with high conductivity, flexibility, and mechanical strength. The homogeneously dispersed LTO nanoclusters among the SACNTs allow each LTO grain to effectively access the electrolyte and the conductive network, benefiting both ion and electron transport. By the incorporation of LTO into the CNT network, mechanical reinforcement is also achieved. When serving as a negative electrode for lithium ion batteries, such a robust composite-network architecture provides the electrodes with effective charge transport and structural integrity, leading to high-performance flexible electrodes with high capacity, high rate capability, and excellent cycling stability.
Taxiway Navigation and Situation Awareness (T-NASA) System: Problem, Design Philosophy, and Description of an Integrated Display Suite for Low-Visibility Airport Surface Operations (1996)

<div class="htmlview paragraph">An integrated cockpit display suite, the T-NASA (Taxiway Navigation and Situation Awareness) system, is under development for NASA's Terminal Area Productivity (TAP) Low-Visibility Landing and Surface Operations (LVLASO) program. This system has three integrated components: Moving Map -- track-up airport surface display with ownship, traffic and graphical route guidance; Scene-Linked Symbology -- route/taxi information virtually projected via a Head-up Display (HUD) onto the forward scene; and, 3-D Audio Ground Collision Avoidance Warning (GCAW) system -- spatially-localized auditory traffic alerts. In this paper, surface operations in low-visibility conditions, the design philosophy of the T-NASA system, and the T-NASA system display components are described.</div>
Evaluation of Hemolysis in the VentrAssist Implantable Rotary Blood Pump (2003)

The VentrAssist implantable rotary blood pump (IRBP) is an implantable centrifugal blood pump with a hydrodynamically suspended impeller; optimal efficiency requires small running clearances (70-300 microm). The effect of running clearance and polish on hemolysis was evaluated in vitro. Three different human blood suspensions were compared: phosphate buffered saline (PBS), plasma volume expander (Hemaccel), and whole blood. The test conditions were: blood hematocrit 30%, flow rate 5 L/min, pressure across pump 100 mm Hg, 6 h flow period, and 37 degrees C. Normalized Index of Hemolysis (NIH) for the Biomedicus BP-80, used as a control, was: 0.0040 +/- 0.0023 (n = 9; x +/- SD) and 0.00014 +/- 0.00009 (n = 5) for pooled blood suspensions in PBS and Hemaccel respectively, and 0.00053 +/- 0.0002 (n = 3) in whole blood. Hemolysis was reduced by improved surface finish and unaffected by running clearance. NIH for the VentrAssist IRBP with 0.2 microm Ra surface finish was 0.000167 +/- 0.00007 (n = 4) g/100 L in whole human blood, demonstrating minimal hemolysis.
Block-adaptive kernel-based CDMA multiuser detection (2003)

The paper investigates the application of a recently introduced learning technique, referred to as the relevance vector machine (RVM), to construct a block-adaptive kernel-based nonlinear multiuser detector (MUD) for direct-sequence code-division multiple-access (DS-CDMA) signals transmitted through multipath channels. It is demonstrated that the RVM MUD is capable of closely matching the performance of the optimal Bayesian one-shot detector, with the aid of a significantly more sparse kernel representation than that required by the state-of-the-art support vector machine (SVM) technique.
Alignment of Cylindrical Microdomains on a Grating Substrate by Binary Blends of Polystyrene-Poly(methyl methacrylate) (2007)

We have investigated the effect of blending on the orientation of cylindrical domains in binary mixture of asymmetric polystyrene-block-poly(methyl methacrylate) (PS-b-PMMA) block copolymers. Thin films of PMMA-cylinder-forming block copolymer were prepared on flat substrate with silicon oxide surface. Atomic force microscope observation reveals that the PMMA cylinders orient perpendicular to the substrate by tuning the film thickness. Further, the grating substrate was used to guide the alignment of the perpendicular cylinders. As a result, an array of highly ordered, hexagonally-packed PMMA cylinders in PS matrix with domain spacing of less than 30nm has been produced.
Identification of alkylureas after nitrosation-denitrosation of a bonito fish product, crab, lobster, and bacon (1980)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTIdentification of alkylureas after nitrosation-denitrosation of a bonito fish product, crab, lobster, and baconSidney S. Mirvish, Kazimierz Karlowski, David A. Cairnes, James P. Sams, Rose Abraham, and James NielsenCite this: J. Agric. Food Chem. 1980, 28, 6, 1175–1182Publication Date (Print):November 1, 1980Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 November 1980https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jf60232a061https://doi.org/10.1021/jf60232a061research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views50Altmetric-Citations15LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
The Mammalian Circadian Clock Gene Per2 Modulates Cell Death in Response to Oxidative Stress (2015)

Living in the earth's oxygenated environment forced organisms to develop strategies to cope with the damaging effects of molecular oxygen known as reactive oxygen species (ROS). Here, we show that Per2, a molecular component of the mammalian circadian clock, is involved in regulating a cell's response to oxidative stress. Mouse embryonic fibroblasts (MEFs) containing a mutation in the Per2 gene are more resistant to cytotoxic effects mediated by ROS than wild-type cells, which is paralleled by an altered regulation of bcl-2 expression in Per2 mutant MEFs. The elevated survival rate and alteration of NADH/NAD(+) ratio in the mutant cells is reversed by introduction of the wild-type Per2 gene. Interestingly, clock synchronized cells display a time dependent sensitivity to paraquat, a ROS inducing agent. Our observations indicate that the circadian clock is involved in regulating the fate of a cell to survive or to die in response to oxidative stress, which could have implications for cancer development and the aging process.
Purification and characterization of bacteriophage T4 gene 59 protein. A DNA helicase assembly protein involved in DNA replication (1994)

The T4 bacteriophage gene 59 protein is required for normal T4 DNA replication. We have purified this protein to homogeneity in two steps and show that it binds both to single-stranded DNA and to the T4 gene 32 protein, a DNA single strand binding protein. In in vitro assays, covering DNA with 32 protein makes this DNA inaccessible to the 41 protein, the highly processive DNA helicase, that associates with the T4 DNA primase (gene 61 protein) to form an active primosome. However, the 59 protein brings about the rapid assembly of 41 protein onto single-stranded DNA, even if this DNA is covered with 32 protein. The 59 protein is therefore a DNA helicase assembly protein. The observed requirements for the 59 protein in the vivo T4 DNA replication are explained by there being two alternative pathways for loading the 41 protein onto a replication fork at early times of T4 DNA synthesis, with only a 59 protein-mediated pathway remaining operative for the recombination-mediated replication that dominates later in infection (Barry, J., and Alberts, B. M. (1994) J. Biol. Chem. 269, 33063-33068).
What is the difference between Denial-of-Service (DoS) and Distributed-Denial-of-Service (DDoS)? (2002)

The obvious answer is that the latter is distributed! However on closer inspection the two threats are poles apart in terms of the potential disruption they pose to the legitimate activity of executing business on the Internet.
Some Biological Functions of Matrix Components in Benthic Algae in Relation to Their Chemistry and the Composition of Seawater (1977)

The Organizing Committe must first be thanked for inviting me to participate in this interesting meeting and to give a lecture here today. When the invitation came about a year ago, the proposed title of the lecture was made so broad as to cover several possible directions and developments in our research within the general area of obtaining some molecular understanding of the biological functions of extracellular components in Benthic algae. The lecture today will be confined to their function in cementing the cells together and giving the plants sufficient rigidity to tolerate the large stresses caused by the rapid movements of the sea. A further narrowing of the scope of this lecture is made in that only brown algae will be considered. Most brown algae contain alginate as the major intercellular substance and only some 1-10% of the dry matter as cellulose (1,2), the common structure substance in most