gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
An Anti-Islanding Method for Single-Phase Inverters Based on a Grid Voltage Sensorless Control (2006)

The detection of the islanding condition of a distributed generation (DG) system is crucial for safety reasons, as discussed in the IEEE standards and specifically required by some national codes. Several anti-islanding methods that are resident in the inverter have been investigated and classified as passive (measurement of the natural effects of islanding) or active (based on the measurement of the effects due to transients or harmonics deliberately introduced in the system). In case the power drained by the load matches the power generated by the DG inverter, the effect of islanding is small, and the passive methods fail. However, the active methods, which have been developed to overcome these limits, create disturbances that can interact with those generated by other DG systems. In this paper, a new anti-islanding method is proposed. It exploits the natural sensitivity of a grid-voltage sensorless control to disturbances to highlight the islanding condition. The adopted grid-voltage sensorless control is adapted to a single-phase system with the use of resonant controllers based on the internal model control law: resonant-controller-based observer results. Then, a Kalman-filter-based algorithm is used to detect the islanding condition based on the energy mismatch between the estimated third and fifth harmonics and the real ones. Experimental results support the analysis
Antibacterial properties of silver nanoparticles in three different sizes and their nanocomposites with a new waterborne polyurethane (2010)

Silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) are strong bactericidal agents but they are also cytotoxic. Embedding them in a polymer matrix may reduce their cytotoxic effect. In the present study, AgNPs in three average sizes were tested for their antibacterial activities and cytotoxicity. Nanocomposites from a new waterborne polyetherurethane (PEU) ionomer and AgNPs were prepared without the use of any crosslinker. It was observed that the antibacterial activity of AgNPs against Escherichia coli started at the effective concentration of 0.1-1 ppm, while that against Staphylococcus aureus started at higher concentrations of 1-10 ppm. Cytotoxicity of AgNPs was observed at the concentration of 10 ppm. AgNPs with smaller average size showed greater antibacterial activity as well as cytotoxicity. The PEU synthesized in this study showed high tensile strength, and the addition of AgNPs at all sizes further increased its thermal stability. The delicate surface features of nanophases, however, were only observed in nanocomposites with either small-or medium-sized AgNPs. PEU-Ag nanocomposites had a strong bacteriostatic effect on the growth of E. coli and S. aureus. The proliferation of endothelial cells on PEU-Ag nanocomposites was enhanced, whereas the platelet adhesion was reduced. The expression of endothelial nitric oxide synthase gene was upregulated on PEU-Ag containing small-sized AgNPs (30 ppm) or medium-sized AgNPs (60 ppm). This effect was not as remarkable in nanocomposites from large-sized AgNPs. Overall, nanocomposites from the PEU and 60 ppm of the medium-sized (5 nm) AgNPs showed the best biocompatibility and antibacterial activity. Addition of smaller or larger AgNPs did not produce as substantial an effect in PEU, especially for the larger AgNPs.
Fast 2-D and 3-D Terahertz Imaging With a Quantum-Cascade Laser and a Scanning Mirror (2013)

A terahertz imaging system based on a quantum-cascade laser (QCL), a fast scanning mirror, and a sensitive Ge:Ga detector is demonstrated. Transmission images are obtained by scanning the beam of the QCL across an object. Images with a diameter of approximately 40 mm and a signal-to-noise ratio of up to 28 dB were obtained within 1.1 s. The system was also used to obtain three-dimensional images of objects in an ellipsoidal volume with axes of approximately 40 mm by computed tomography within 87 s.
Modeling of a plasma processing machine for semiconductor wafer etching using energy-functions-based neural networks (1997)

The complex processing of plasma etching and deposition is highly nonlinear and its modeling is intractable by analytical basic-principles techniques. Neural network approaches have shown initial success for specific plasma processes in extracting implicit relations/models based on input-output measurements. The resulting modeling techniques naturally depend on the neural structure, the adopted learning algorithms, and the specific plasma process and machine. We describe a plasma processing machine designed and in operation at Michigan State University, East Lansing, which has been equipped with select sensing devices. The machine exhibits a hysteresic nonlinearity in the desirable processing modes of operation. The experimental data characterize a testbed plasma etching process using Argon gas with control inputs including incident microwave power, pressure, and cavity size. The internal states and the outputs include reflected power, electric field, and ion density. We employ several tailored networks with novel learning algorithms derived from functions that include the polynomial and the exponential energy functions. It is shown that the learning algorithms enable fast and satisfactory convergence of parameters (weights and biases) in several scenarios of modeling and generalizing the input-state-output relations of the plasma process.
Air-stable photoconductive films formed from perylene bisimide gelators (2014)

The photoconductivity of perylene-bisimide gelators correlates with the perylene radical anion, which is unusually highly stable in air for many hours.
Fabrication of functionalized citrus pectin/silk fibroin scaffolds for skin tissue engineering (2018)

In this study, novel porous three-dimensional (3D) scaffolds from silk fibroin (SF) and functionalized (amidated and oxidized) citrus pectin (PEC) were developed for skin tissue engineering applications. Crosslinking was achieved by Schiff's reaction in borax presence as crosslinking coordinating agent and CaCl<sub>2</sub> addition. After freeze-drying and methanol treatment, plasma treatment (10 W, 3 min) was applied to remove surface skin layer formed on scaffolds. 3D matrices had high porosity (83%) and interconnectivity with pore size about 120 µm that providing suitable microenvironment for cells. Modifications on PEC chain and crosslinking of scaffolds were verified by fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) analysis and spectrophotometric assay. Scaffolds showed low weight loss (21.3% in 40 days) and high water uptake ability in phosphate-buffered saline (800% in 24 h). Mechanical properties of 3D matrices satisfied the stability of scaffolds under compressive stress and supported adhesion, proliferation and penetration of fibroblast cells. Our results suggested that modified PEC-SF scaffolds would be proposed for use in tissue engineered skin dermal substitutes. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part B: Appl Biomater, 106B: 2625-2635, 2018.
mTORC1 Directly Phosphorylates and Regulates Human MAF1 (2010)

mTORC1 is a central regulator of growth in response to nutrient availability, but few direct targets have been identified. RNA polymerase (pol) III produces a number of essential RNA molecules involved in protein synthesis, RNA maturation, and other processes. Its activity is highly regulated, and deregulation can lead to cell transformation. The human phosphoprotein MAF1 becomes dephosphorylated and represses pol III transcription after various stresses, but neither the significance of the phosphorylations nor the kinase involved is known. We find that human MAF1 is absolutely required for pol III repression in response to serum starvation or TORC1 inhibition by rapamycin or Torin1. The protein is phosphorylated mainly on residues S60, S68, and S75, and this inhibits its pol III repression function. The responsible kinase is mTORC1, which phosphorylates MAF1 directly. Our results describe molecular mechanisms by which mTORC1 controls human MAF1, a key repressor of RNA polymerase III transcription, and add a new branch to the signal transduction cascade immediately downstream of TORC1.
Human Experience with Transvenous Biventricular Defibrillation Using an Electrode in a Left Ventricular Vein (2002)

BUTTER, C., et al. : Human Experience with Transvenous Biventricular Defibrillation Using an Elec‐trode in a Left Ventricular Vein. This study investigated the safety and feasibility of transvenous biventricular defibrillation in ICD patients. Some patients may have high DFTs due to weak shock field intensity on the LV. Animal studies showed a LV shocking electrode dramatically lowered DFTs. This approach might benefit heart failure patients already receiving a LV lead or conventional ICD patients with high DFTs. A modified guidewire was used as a temporary left venous access defibrillation electrode (LVA lead). In 24 patients receiving an ICD, the LVA lead was advanced through a guide catheter in the coronary sinus (CS) and into a randomized LV vein (anterior or posterior) using a venogram for guidance. Paired DFT testing compared a standard right ventricular defibrillation system to a biventricular defibrillation system. There were no complications or adverse events. As randomized, LVA lead insertion success was 87% and 71% for anterior and posterior veins, respectively, and 100% after crossover. Total insertion process time included venogram time ( 32.5 ± 26.9 minutes, range 5–115, mode 15 minutes ) and LVA lead insertion time ( 15 ± 14 minutes, range 1–51, mode 7 minutes ). An apical LVA lead position was achieved in 11 (45%) of 24 patients and 7 (64 %) of these 11 displayed a DFT reduction; however, mean DFTs were not statistically different. Transvenous biventricular defibrillation is feasible and was safe under the conditions tested. Additional clinical studies are justified to determine if optimized LV lead designs, lead placement, and shock configurations can yield the same large DFT reductions as observed in animals.
Crohn's Disease in the Ileal Pouch After Total Colectomy for Ulcerative Colitis: Findings on Pouch Enemas in Six Patients (2005)

Pouch enemas showed characteristic findings of Crohn's disease, including nodularity, thickened folds, ulceration, cobblestoning, strictures, sinus tracks, and fistulas to the perianal region and vagina. It is important for radiologists to be aware of the findings of Crohn's disease in the ileal pouch and distal ileum on radiographic studies of the pouch after total proctocolectomy and ileal pouch-anal anastomosis for ulcerative colitis because of the implications for patient management.
Determination of the human antibody response to the epitope defined by the hepatitis C virus-neutralizing monoclonal antibody AP33 (2007)

Hepatitis C virus (HCV) is a major cause of liver disease worldwide and there is a pressing need for the development of a preventative vaccine as well as new treatments. It was recently demonstrated that the mouse monoclonal antibody (mAb) AP33 potently neutralizes infectivity of HCV pseudoparticles (HCVpp) carrying E1E2 envelopes representative of all of the major genotypes of HCV. This study determined the prevalence of human serum antibodies reactive to the region of HCV E2 recognized by AP33. Antibodies recognizing this region were present in less than 2.5 % of sera obtained from individuals with chronic HCV infection. A similar prevalence was found in a smaller cohort of individuals who had experienced an acute infection, suggesting that AP33-like antibodies do not play a major role in natural clearance of HCV infection. Sera exhibited different patterns of reactivity to a panel of peptides representing circulating variants, highlighting the presence of distinct epitopes in this region. Only two sera contained antibodies that could recognize a specific AP33-reactive peptide mimotope. AP33-like antibodies made a measurable contribution to the ability of these sera to inhibit E2-CD81 interaction, but not to the overall neutralization of cell entry. Together, these data show that antibodies to the AP33 epitope are not commonly generated during natural infection and that generation of such antibodies via vaccination may require modified immunogens to focus the generation of specific antibodies. Importantly, individuals harbouring AP33-like antibodies are an important potential source of human mAbs for future therapeutic development.
How Valid are Product Descriptions and Protocols in Choice Experiments? (1981)

Journal Article How Valid Are Product Descriptions and Protocols in Choice Experiments? Get access Raymond J. Smead, Raymond J. Smead Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar James B. Wilcox, James B. Wilcox Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Robert E. Wilkes Robert E. Wilkes Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Journal of Consumer Research, Volume 8, Issue 1, June 1981, Pages 37–42, https://doi.org/10.1086/208838 Published: 01 June 1981 Article history Received: 01 August 1978 Revision received: 01 October 1980 Published: 01 June 1981
Material-Specific Infrared Recognition of Single Sub-10 nm Particles by Substrate-Enhanced Scattering-Type Near-Field Microscopy (2007)

We study the optical material contrast of single nanoparticles in infrared scattering-type near-field optical microscopy (IR s-SNOM) in the presence of strong probe-substrate coupling. It is shown theoretically and experimentally that the contrast depends on both the dielectric properties of the nanoparticles and on their size. We can separate the two dependencies by correlating the simultaneously acquired topography and near-field images pixel-by-pixel. This allows us to establish material-specific mapping of polydisperse nanoparticle mixtures with nanoscale spatial resolution. We experimentally demonstrate the differentiation between sub-10 nm gold and polymer particles adsorbed on a Si substrate. Possible applications of our method range from the material-specific mapping of nanoparticle assemblies to the measurement of the doping concentration in single semiconductor nanoparticles.
A projection filter for use with parameterised learning models (2002)

This paper presents a projection filter for use with parameterised learning models. Two aspects of the projection filter are considered. Firstly, the filter's operation is demonstrated using the perceptron learning rule on a simple two class discrimination problem. Secondly, the projection filter is used to extend the learning capabilities of a nonlinear spatio-temporal neural network model. An experiment was undertaken to compare the effectiveness of applying temporal backpropagation to a multilayer feedforward network employing either finite impulse response (FIR) or projection filters. Results show that the projection filter reached a lower mean square error (MSE) when compared to the FIR version of the network.
Decontamination Procedures for Skin Exposed to Phenolic Substances (1975)

Abstract Spraying or swabbing with a mixture of polyethylene glycol 300/industrial methylated spirits (PEG-300/IMS) (2:1 by volume) has been shown to substantially reduce mortality, systemic effects, and skin burns resulting from skin contamination by phenol, cumene hydroperoxide, or phenol/acetone cleavage product. The skin-damaging potentials of sodium hydroxide and sulfuric acid have also been investigated. PEG-300/IMS (2:1 by volume) mixture was found, in rats, to be slightly less effective than water as means of decontamination. The PEG-300/IMS mixture has been shown not to cause eye irritation, and so should not present a hazard where this mixture is used as a decontaminant spray.
A novel one-hour <sup>13</sup> C-sorbitol breath test versus the H <sub>2</sub> -sorbitol breath test for assessment of coeliac disease (2009)

The novel (13)C-SBT has superior diagnostic properties compared to the H(2)-SBT, which has unsatisfactory specificity in clinical practice. The 1-h (13)C-SBT may be a useful supplemental test when investigating for coeliac disease.
Small-signal modeling and control of the quasi-square-wave boost converter (1998)

Sampled-data techniques are used to examine the dynamic characteristics and closed-loop performance of the quasi-square-wave boost converter. Direct duty-ratio control and current-mode control are considered. With direct duty-ratio control, the system poles remain well damped under all load conditions, and there is no zero in the control-to-output transfer function. Good closed-loop performance is therefore achieved. Under current-mode control, the requirement for a stabilizing ramp is seen to depend on load conditions, and the achievable voltage control-loop bandwidth is smaller than that using direct duty-ratio control; however, there is a significant reduction in the magnitude of the DC source to output-voltage frequency response.
[Transcranial magnetic stimulation in research of emotion in the healthy and patients with epilepsy]. (2005)

The main aim of this work was by using transcranial magnetic stimulation to investigate mechanisms of interhemispheric organization the emotion in the healthy and patients with epilepsy. The research was carried out on three groups: the first and second groups of healthy and third group of the patients with idiopatical epilepsy. The first and third groups received transcranial magnetic stimulation on right and left frontalis area. The second group was control (sham transcranial magnetic stimulation). Is shown, that transcranial magnetic stimulation of right frontalis area increases the examining time on negative photos and decreases on positive photos. Transcranial magnetic stimulation of left frontalis area in the healthy and patients with epilepsy increases the examining time on positive photos and decreases on negative photos. The right hemisphere at the healthy and patients with epilepsy in the greater degree is connected to negative marks of emotions, and left hemisphere with positive marks of emotions.
Phased array calibration and diagnostics utilizing a student-built planar near-field system (2010)

A low-cost planar near-field system was designed, built, and programmed by students from the University of Rhode Island as a Capstone design project sponsored by Applied Radar, Inc. The objective of this paper is to explore the implementation of microwave holographic metrology (MHM) for the use of calibration and diagnosis of phased array performance on this near-field system. The simplest form of MHM is to analyze the near-field data on the collected planar surface, but this is not ideal because of a loss of resolution from the spreading introduced by the measurement distance. A more attractive approach is to project a focused planar “hologram” of the radiation pattern on the surface of the aperture of the antenna under test (AUT) through manipulation of the angular spectrum. The resulting hologram allows for the observation of amplitude and phase distributions on the aperture. This paper will provide insight into the design of the back-projection algorithm and present results for faulted and calibrated phased array scenarios to verify proper functionality of the algorithm.
Amifostine is a Nephro-Protectant in Patients Receiving Treatment with Cisplatin- Myth, Mystery or Matter-of-Fact? (2021)

Despite reports of amifostine possibly protecting nephrotoxicity from cisplatin, it has not been recommended by any guidelines committees or routinely prescribed in clinical practice over the past decade. In this article, we review literature and guidelines regarding use of amifostine in oncology practice for protection against adverse effects from certain chemotherapeutic agents, in particular as a nephro-protectant in patients receiving cisplatin.
Tuning the Optical and Electronic Properties of 4,8-Disubstituted Benzobisoxazoles via Alkyne Substitution (2011)

In an effort to design new electron-deficient building blocks for the synthesis of conjugated materials, a series of new trans-benzobisoxazoles bearing halogen or alkynyl substituents at the 4,8-positions was synthesized. Additionally, the impact of these modifications on the optical and electronic properties was investigated. Theoretical calculations predicted that the incorporation of various alkynes can be used to tune the energy levels and band gaps of these small molecules. The targeted 4,8-disubstituted benzobisoxazoles were easily prepared in good yields using a two-step reaction sequence: Lewis acid catalyzed orthoester cyclization followed by Sonogashira cross-coupling. The experimentally determined HOMO values for these 4,8-disubstituted benzobisoxazoles ranged from -4.97 to -6.20 eV and showed reasonable correlation to the theoretically predicted values, with a percent deviation that ranged from 2.4-12.8%. However, the deviation between actual and predicted HOMO values was reduced to less than 3.5% when the theoretical values were extrapolated to the long-chain limit and compared to copolymers containing the 4,8-disubstituted benzobisoxazoles. Collectively, these results indicate that these 4,8-disubstituted trans-benzobisoxazoles can be used for the synthesis of new conjugated materials with electronic properties that are variable and predictable.
Visualizing Proteins and Macromolecular Complexes by Negative Stain EM: from Grid Preparation to Image Acquisition (2011)

Single particle electron microscopy (EM), of both negative stained or frozen hydrated biological samples, has become a versatile tool in structural biology. In recent years, this method has achieved great success in studying structures of proteins and macromolecular complexes. Compared with electron cryomicroscopy (cryoEM), in which frozen hydrated protein samples are embedded in a thin layer of vitreous ice, negative staining is a simpler sample preparation method in which protein samples are embedded in a thin layer of dried heavy metal salt to increase specimen contrast. The enhanced contrast of negative stain EM allows examination of relatively small biological samples. In addition to determining three-dimensional (3D) structure of purified proteins or protein complexes, this method can be used for much broader purposes. For example, negative stain EM can be easily used to visualize purified protein samples, obtaining information such as homogeneity/heterogeneity of the sample, formation of protein complexes or large assemblies, or simply to evaluate the quality of a protein preparation. In this video article, we present a complete protocol for using an EM to observe negatively stained protein sample, from preparing carbon coated grids for negative stain EM to acquiring images of negatively stained sample in an electron microscope operated at 120kV accelerating voltage. These protocols have been used in our laboratory routinely and can be easily followed by novice users.
Methylobacterium and Its Role in Health Care-Associated Infection (2014)

Methylobacterium species are a cause of health care-associated infection, including infections in immunocompromised hosts. The ability of Methylobacterium species to form biofilms and to develop resistance to high temperatures, drying, and disinfecting agents may explain the colonization of Methylobacterium in the hospital environment in, e.g., endoscopes. Due to its slow growth, it can be easily missed during microbiological surveillance of endoscope reprocessing. The purpose of this minireview is to present an overview of documented infections and cross-contaminations with Methylobacterium related to endoscopic procedures and to illustrate the health care-associated relevance of this slow-growing bacterium.