gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Interleukin-1 Receptors in Mouse Kidney: Identification, Localization, and Modulation by Lipopolysaccharide Treatment (1991)

The cytokine interleukin-1 (IL-1) has a variety of effects in the kidney involving induction of nephritis and renal injury. In addition, recent reports suggest that IL-1 regulates natriuresis and renin secretion in the kidney. To examine the potential sites of action of IL-1 in the kidney, we used iodine-125-labeled recombinant human interleukin-1 alpha ([125I]IL-1 alpha) to identify and characterize IL-1 receptors in crude membrane preparations of mouse (C57BL/6) kidney. The binding of [125I] IL-1 alpha was linear over a broad range of membrane protein concentrations, saturable, reversible, and of high affinity, with an equilibrium dissociation constant (Kd) of 66 +/- 10 pM and a maximum number of binding sites of 1.04 +/- 0.24 fmol/mg protein. In competition studies, recombinant human IL-1 alpha, recombinant human IL-1 beta, and a weak IL-1 beta analog (IL-1 beta+) inhibited [125I]IL-1 alpha binding to mouse kidney in parallel with their relative bioactivities in the T-cell comitogenesis assay, with inhibitory binding affinity constant (Ki) values of 28 +/- 19, 53 +/- 23, and 5560 +/- 2098 pM, respectively; rat/human CRF and human tumor necrosis factor had no effect on [125I]IL-1 alpha binding. In autoradiographic studies, IL-1 receptors were heterogeneously distributed in the kidney, with significantly higher densities present in the medulla than in the cortex. To study the effects of endogenous IL-1 in modulating [125I]IL-1 alpha-binding sites in kidney, we injected 30 micrograms of the bacterial endotoxin lipopolysaccharide (LPS) to mice ip. Autoradiographic studies demonstrated substantial decreases in [125I]IL-1 alpha binding in both the kidney cortex (control, 34.7 +/- 6.2 fmol/mg tissue equivalent; LPS, 11.3 +/- 0.3; P less than 0.05) and medulla (52.7 +/- 8.1 vs. 26.0 +/- 1.0; P less than 0.05) 24 h after injection of LPS. Saturation studies in whole kidney homogenates demonstrated that the LPS-induced decrease in [125I]IL-1 alpha binding was primarily due to a down-regulation of IL-1 receptors (i.e. decrease in the maximum number of binding sites). The identification of IL-1 receptors in kidney with characteristics similar to those of IL-1 receptors in the brain-endocrine-immune axis provides further support for a physiological role for IL-1 in regulating renal function.
Extremely parallel memristor crossbar architecture for convolutional neural network implementation (2017)

This paper presents a simulated memristor crossbar based Convolutional Neural Network (CNN). Deep networks implemented on GPU clusters have become the state of the art in providing excellent classification ability, at the cost of a more complex data manipulation process. In this work we show that once deep networks are trained, the analog crossbar circuits in this paper can parallelize the recognition phase of a CNN algorithm. With the massively parallel structure proposed in this work, we are able to generate multiple output feature maps in a single processing cycle. We show the proposed system is capable of operating with a negligible loss in classification accuracy if the memristors utilized are able to store at least 16 unique values (essentially acting as 4-bit devices). Furthermore, we quantify the amount of classification accuracy lost due to analog amplification in the signal path. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first paper that presents a memristor based circuit that is able to completely parallelize the CNN recognition process.
Continuous-wave hybrid index-antiguided and thermal-guided planar waveguide laser with large mode area (2015)

We present lasing experiments in index-antiguided (IAG) planar waveguides made of Nd:YAG (refractive index = 1.820) sandwiched by Terbium Gallium Garnet (refractive index = 1.954). For a core width of 220 μm, we observe fundamental mode oscillation with maximal 2.62 W output power and 0.109 slope efficiency. An analytical model is developed taking into account simultaneous index-antiguiding, gain guiding and thermal induced refractive focusing. For a core width of 400 μm, fundamental mode oscillation is only observed near the lasing threshold, suggesting that the maximally core width in IAG waveguides for fundamental mode operation depends on the strength of index antiguiding.
Endocardial Electrograms From the Right Ventricular Outflow Tract After Induced Ventricular Fibrillation in Patients With Brugada Syndrome (2007)

Slow conduction at the RVOT may contribute to the induction of VF by PVS. However, the role of slow conduction in spontaneous VF remains controversial.
Essential turmeric oils enhance anti-inflammatory efficacy of curcumin in dextran sulfate sodium-induced colitis (2017)

Turmeric has been used as a medicinal herb for thousands of years for treatment of various disorders. Although curcumin is the most studied active constituents of turmeric, accumulating evidence suggests that other components of turmeric have additional anti-inflammatory and anti-tumorigenic properties. Herein, we investigated anti-inflammatory efficacy and associated gene expression alterations of a specific, curcumin preparation containing essential turmeric oils (ETO-curcumin) in comparison to standard curcumin at three specific doses (0, 5, 25 or 50 mg/kg), in an animal model of dextran sodium sulfate (DSS)-induced colitis. The present study showed that both ETO and standard curcumin treatments provided protection against DSS-induced inflammation. However, ETO-curcumin improved disease ﻿activity index (DAI) dose-dependently, while the anti-inflammatory efficacy of standard curcumin remained constant, suggesting that ETO-curcumin may provide superior anti-inflammatory efficacy compared to standard curcumin. Gene expression analysis revealed that anti-inflammatory cytokines including IL-10 and IL-11 as well as FOXP3 were upregulated in the colon by ETO-curcumin. Collectively, these findings suggest that the combined treatment of curcumin and essential turmeric oils provides superior protection from DSS-induced colitis than curcumin alone, highlighting the anti-inflammatory potential of turmeric.
Differential Effects of 1,4‐Dihydropyridine Calcium Channel Blockers: Therapeutic Implications (1987)

Increasing recognition of the importance of calcium in the pathogenesis of cardiovascular disease has stimulated research into the use of calcium channel blocking agents for treatment of a variety of cardiovascular diseases. The favorable efficacy and tolerability profiles of these agents make them attractive therapeutic modalities. Clinical applications of calcium channel blockers parallel their tissue selectivity. In contrast to verapamil and diltiazem, which are roughly equipotent in their actions on the heart and vascular smooth muscle, the dihydropyridine calcium channel blockers are a group of potent peripheral vasodilator agents that exert minimal electrophysiologic effects on cardiac nodal or conduction tissue. As the first dihydropyridine available for use in the United States, nifedipine controls angina and hypertension with minimal depression of cardiac function. Additional members of this group of calcium channel blockers have been studied for a variety of indications for which they may offer advantages over current therapy. Once or twice daily dosage possible with nitrendipine and nisoldipine offers a convenient administration schedule, which encourages patient compliance in long-term therapy of hypertension. The coronary vasodilating properties of nisoldipine have led to the investigation of this agent for use in angina. Selectivity for the cerebrovascular bed makes nimodipine potentially useful in the treatment of subarachnoid hemorrhage, migraine headache, dementia, and stroke. In general, the dihydropyridine calcium channel blockers are usually well tolerated, with headache, facial flushing, palpitations, edema, nausea, anorexia, and dizziness being the more common adverse effects.
Low-Loss Metamaterials Based on Classical Electromagnetically Induced Transparency (2009)

We demonstrate theoretically that electromagnetically induced transparency can be achieved in metamaterials, in which electromagnetic radiation is interacting resonantly with mesoscopic oscillators rather than with atoms. We describe novel metamaterial designs that can support a full dark resonant state upon interaction with an electromagnetic beam and we present results of its frequency-dependent effective permeability and permittivity. These results, showing a transparency window with extremely low absorption and strong dispersion, are confirmed by accurate simulations of the electromagnetic field propagation in the metamaterial.
Amino Acid Sequence of Winged Bean (Psophocarpus tetragonolobus (L.) DC.) Chymotrypsin Inhibitor, WCI-31 (1988)

The complete amino acid sequence of winged bean chymotrypsin inhibitor 3 (WCI-3) was determined by the conventional methods. WCI-3 consisted of 183 amino acid residues, but was heterogeneous in the carboxyl terminal region owing to the loss of one to four carboxyl terminal amino acid residues. The sequence of WCI-3 was highly homologous with those of soybean trypsin inhibitor Tia, winged bean trypsin inhibitor WTI-1, and Erythrina latissima trypsin inhibitor DE-3. One of the reactive site peptide bonds of WCI-3 was identified as Leu(65)-Ser(66), which was located at the same position as those of the other Kunitz-family leguminous proteinase inhibitors.
Fiber-based optical parametric oscillator for high resolution coherent anti-Stokes Raman scattering (CARS) microscopy (2014)

Imaging based on coherent anti-Stokes Raman scattering (CARS) relies on the interaction of high peak-power, synchronized picosecond pulses with narrow bandwidths and a well-defined frequency difference. Recently a new type of fiber-based CARS laser source based on four-wave-mixing (FWM) has been developed. In order to enhance its spectral resolution and efficiency, a FWM based fiber optical parametric oscillator (FOPO) is proposed in this work. The source delivers 180 mW with 5.6 kW peak power for the CARS pump and 130 mW with 2.9 kW peak power for the Stokes signal. CARS resonances around 2850 and 2930 cm(-1) can be resolved with a resolution of 1 cm(-1) enabling high-contrast, spectrally resolved CARS imaging of biological tissue.
Vapor Pressure and Liquid Heat Capacity of Alkylene Carbonates (2004)

New experimental data on vapor pressure (T = 397 to 523 K) and liquid heat capacity, Cp, (T = 283 to 393 K) of ethylene carbonate, propylene carbonate, butylene carbonate, and glycerine carbonate were developed using ebulliometery and differential scanning calorimetry techniques. These vapor pressure and liquid heat capacity data were combined with selected literature data and correlated using Wagner, Clapeyron, and polynomial-type equations.
Correcting a PoS-tagged corpus using three complementary methods (2009)

The quality of the part-of-speech (PoS) annotation in a corpus is crucial for the development of PoS taggers. In this paper, we experiment with three complementary methods for automatically detecting errors in the PoS annotation for the Icelandic Frequency Dictionary corpus. The first two methods are language independent and we argue that the third method can be adapted to other morphologically complex languages. Once possible errors have been detected, we examine each error candidate and hand-correct the corresponding PoS tag if necessary. Overall, based on the three methods, we hand-correct the PoS tagging of 1,334 tokens (0.23% of the tokens) in the corpus. Furthermore, we re-evaluate existing state-of-the-art PoS taggers on Icelandic text using the corrected corpus.
Money Growth and Inflation: How Long is the Long-Run? (1999)

In their efforts to maintain low inflation, policymakers pay little attention to the growth rate of the money supply. Yet many studies have found that money growth and inflation a closely related, at least in the long run. But how long must money growth remain strong before it begins to concern policymakers? That is, what is the shortest period over which money growth seems to be reliably associated with inflation?
Interdisciplinary perspectives on designing, understanding and evaluating digital technologies for autism (2017)

Purpose Interdisciplinary perspectives and collaboration in technology research are regarded as vital for producing effective and usable solutions that meet real needs. The purpose of this paper is to draw upon the fifth seminar in an Economic and Social Research Council funded series in the UK on “Innovative Technologies for Autism”. This seminar focused on the contributions that different disciplines can make to the field of autism and technology, and offers some interesting avenues for future research. Design/methodology/approach A synthesis of key messages from the speakers’ talks is presented, interspersed with comments and observations from delegates which were written on post-it notes during the day and shared amongst the group. Findings Interdisciplinarity can be conceptualised in many different ways and is not simply about academic contributions. Collaborative research involving genuine stakeholder participation can provide fertile grounds for respecting and exploring individual differences and needs. Investigating the uses of existing technologies as well as developing innovative ideas and prototypes through inclusive design are important avenues for future research. Originality/value This paper offers a rare glimpse into a range of perspectives within a broad field of research and draws out some important connections between these different viewpoints. There are valuable avenues for collaboration and further exploration that would extend research in productive ways.
Enhanced durability and reactivity for zinc ferrite desulfurization sorbent (1989)

AMAX Research Development Center (AMAX R D) has been investigating methods for enhancing the reactivity and durability of the zinc ferrite desulfurization sorbent. Zinc ferrite sorbents are intended for use in desulfurization of hot coal gas in integrated gasification combined cycle (IGCC) or molten carbonate fuel cell (MCFC) applications. For the present program, the reactivity of the sorbent may be defined as its sulfur sorption capacity at the breakthrough point and at saturation in a bench-scale, fixed-bed reactor. Durability may be defined as the ability of the sorbent to maintain important physical characteristics such As size, strength, and specific surface area during 10 cycles of sulfidation and oxidation.
(C7H13BF2N2)Cr(CO)3: a vinamidine (1,5-diazapenta-1,3-diene) boron difluoride as a cyclohexadienide type ligand (1989)

The vinamidine boron difluoride (difluorodiazaborinane)(1) acts as a 6-electron donor ligand in the tricarbonylchromium complex (3); the X-ray structure of (3) shows (1) to be a ligand analogous to cyclohexadienide.
Environmental factors in multiple sclerosis (2013)

Although genetic susceptibility explains the clustering of multiple sclerosis (MS) cases within families, the changes in MS risk that occur with migration can be explained only by changes in the environment. The strongest known risk factor for MS is infection with Epstein-Barr virus (EBV). Compared with uninfected individuals, the hazard of developing MS is approximately 15-fold higher among individuals infected with EBV in childhood and about 30-fold higher among those infected with EBV in adolescence or later in life. Although the mechanisms underlying this association remain unclear, the data provide strong evidence of a causal relation between EBV infection and MS risk. Relevant aspects of MS epidemiology beyond genetics are not explained by EBV involvement, however, implying the involvement of other factors. Modifiable factors for MS risk include smoking and childhood obesity. Increased risk of MS in individuals with vitamin D insufficiency has been proposed to explain the strong latitude gradient in MS prevalence. Results of case-control studies that relied on prevalent MS cases have been mixed, however, and potentially influenced by selection and recall biases. In a recent case-control study of individuals presenting with a first demyelinating episode, higher levels of vitamin D, sun exposure or actinic damage were found to be associated with reduced MS risk. Two longitudinal studies have thus far been completed. In the first, based on assessment of vitamin D intake from diet and supplements, the risk of MS was found to be 30% lower among women in the highest quintile compared with those in the lowest quintile. In the second study, conducted among young adults in the US military, vitamin D status was assessed by averaging multiple season-adjusted measures of 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25[OH]D). During an average of 5 years' follow-up, MS risk among healthy young adults with serum levels of 25(OH) vitamin D >100 nmol/l was about 60% lower than in individuals of the same age and sex with serum 25(OH) vitamin D levels <100 nmol/l. If confirmed, these findings suggest that a high proportion of MS cases could be effectively prevented by vitamin D supplementation. Furthermore, there is growing evidence that vitamin D insufficiency is a risk factor for conversion from clinically isolated syndrome to MS and for MS progression. Both prevention and treatment trials with vitamin D are needed to confirm these findings and to determine optimal levels of vitamin D.
Multi modulus Blind Equalizations for Coherent Spectrum Shaped PolMux Quadrature Duobinary Signal Processing (2013)

A novel DSP scheme for spectrum shaped polarization-multiplexed quadrature duobinary signal based on multi-modulus blind equalizations is proposed and demonstrated with simulation and experimental results on 25GHz Nyquist-WDM channels with 112Gb/s PM-QPSK and SE >4bit/s/Hz.
High-power output over 200 mW of 1.3 µm GaInAsP VIPS lasers (1987)

Maximum CW output power was investigated in GaInAsP 1.3μm V-grooved inner stripe on P-substrate (VIPS) lasers considering both cavity length and facet reflectivity. Long-cavity lasers show a strong dependence of maximum output power on front reflectivity. A CW light output over 200 mW was obtained at room temperature using a 700 μm long cavity laser with 5 and 98 percent reflectivity of the front and rear facets, respectively. The fundamental transverse mode operation was confirmed up to 170 mW. A coupled power over 110 mW into a single-mode fiber was achieved with a coupling efficiency of 58 percent. We have verified the high reliability under high power levels, as high as 75 percent of the maximum CW output powers at room temperature.
<title>Ultrafast photoinduced processes in fullerene-metal nanostructures</title> (2006)

Investigation of photo-induced processes in Sn nanocrystals covered by a submonolayer of C<sub>60</sub> anions was performed with femtosecond pump-probe method. Samples in thin films were excited by 150 fs laser pulse at 400 nm (10<sup>9</sup> W/cm<sup>2</sup>). Dynamics of difference transmission and reflection has been measured in the spectral range of 1 100-1700 nm. The dynamics of relaxation are quite different for various nanostructures depending on the deposition mode and the ratio of tin and fullerene content. Relaxation, observed in the samples, is explained by electron transfer from excited anions to metal followed by energy transfer from excited C<sub>60</sub> molecules to anions in the ground state.
A Theory to Explain the Relationship Between Corn Population and Grain Yield<sup>1</sup> (1984)

The objective of the paper is to add to development of a better understanding of the nature of competition among corn ( Zea mays L.) plants in planting patterns. Competition is hypothesized to consist of two components, crowding and the effect of crowding on grain yield. Crowding within a planting pattern is the sum of the independent crowding attributed to each plant as a function of its distance from the target plant. The effect of crowding on yield is a function of genotypes and environment. The theory explains the precise mathematical relationships previously observed between corn grain yield and plant population and why corn grain yield per unit area goes through a maximum as plant population increases. Relative grain yields that are independent of genotype and environment are given for a wide range of row widths and plant populations.
Efficacy of<i>Spodoptera exigua</i>multiple nucleopolyhedrovirus as a biological insecticide for beet armyworm control in greenhouses of southern Spain (2007)

Abstract Chemical control measures targeted at Spodoptera exigua in greenhouse sweet pepper crops in Spain have resulted in pest resistance to virtually all commercially available insecticidal products. A multicapsid nucleopolyhedrovirus (SeMNPV), isolated from diseased S. exigua in Spain, was produced in laboratory reared larvae, tested for insecticidal activity in a laboratory bioassay, and was then applied in eleven commercial greenhouses planted with sweet pepper. Virus occlusion bodies (OBs) were applied on two occasions, at an interval of ∼7 days, at a rate of 5×108 OBs/L of spray in a volume of ∼600 L/ha, depending on crop phenology and greenhouse area. The percentage of plants showing recent (<48 h old) feeding damage fell dramatically in greenhouses with high infestations of S. exigua; the same pattern was observed, although less dramatically, in greenhouses with low infestations. Average mortality of larvae collected from treated plants at 4 days after each application, and reared in the laboratory until death, was high (70–89%) and was not significantly affected by the degree of crop infestation. In a separate trial, the rate of acquisition of infection was examined in larvae that fed on plants treated with 1×108 or 5×108 OBs/L of spray. Of the 27 and 60% of larvae, respectively, that acquired infection in the 48 h period after spraying, about half became infected in the first 6 h post-application, irrespective of application rate. Acquisition of infection proceeded more slowly during the night-time compared to the daytime period, underlining the advantages of early morning applications of the virus. We conclude that the Spanish SeMNPV isolate merits registration as a biological insecticide for use in greenhouse crops in this region.