gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Voxel Cloud Connectivity Segmentation - Supervoxels for Point Clouds (2013)

Unsupervised over-segmentation of an image into regions of perceptually similar pixels, known as super pixels, is a widely used preprocessing step in segmentation algorithms. Super pixel methods reduce the number of regions that must be considered later by more computationally expensive algorithms, with a minimal loss of information. Nevertheless, as some information is inevitably lost, it is vital that super pixels not cross object boundaries, as such errors will propagate through later steps. Existing methods make use of projected color or depth information, but do not consider three dimensional geometric relationships between observed data points which can be used to prevent super pixels from crossing regions of empty space. We propose a novel over-segmentation algorithm which uses voxel relationships to produce over-segmentations which are fully consistent with the spatial geometry of the scene in three dimensional, rather than projective, space. Enforcing the constraint that segmented regions must have spatial connectivity prevents label flow across semantic object boundaries which might otherwise be violated. Additionally, as the algorithm works directly in 3D space, observations from several calibrated RGB+D cameras can be segmented jointly. Experiments on a large data set of human annotated RGB+D images demonstrate a significant reduction in occurrence of clusters crossing object boundaries, while maintaining speeds comparable to state-of-the-art 2D methods.
“大肉”的诱惑——顶峰俱乐部餐厅酒廊 (2013)

精致的摆盘上，焦棕褐色的大肉表面透着香甜的肉汁，切开后粉红色肉质鲜嫩诱人，细细咀嚼，满口肉香回味无穷。对于年轻时尚的“食肉族”来说，牛扒的魅力实在让人无法抵挡。在北京，顶峰俱乐部餐厅酒廊就是最顶级的扒房之一。
A 2.56 Gb/s soft RS (255,239) decoder chip for optical communication systems (2011)

Due to the increasing uncertainty of data for higher transmission rate, the Forward Error Correction (FEC) devices need to provide more powerful error correcting capability for optical communication systems. As compared with traditional hard RS decoders, the soft RS decoders can perform substantial coding gain but require much higher hardware complexity. In this paper, a decision-confined algorithm is proposed to enhance the error correcting performance with an area-efficient architecture. The novelty is that, instead of decoding numerous possible transmitted codewords and choosing the most likely one, only one candidate sequence will be decoded after confining the degree of error-locator polynomial Λ(x). For RS (255,239) codes, simulation results confirm that our approach provides 0.4 dB performance gain at 10 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">4</sup> CER over the hard RS decoders. The experimental result reveals that our soft decoder can achieve 2.56 Gb/s throughput in standard CMOS 90 nm technology while having similar complexity as a hard decoder. It can fit well for 10-40 Gb/s with 16 RS decoders in optical fiber systems and 2.5 Gb/s GPON applications.
Next-generation infrared focal plane arrays for high-responsivity low-noise applications (2017)

High-quality infrared focal plane arrays (FPAs) are used in many satellite, astronomical, and terrestrial applications. These applications require highly-sensitive, low-noise FPAs, and therefore do not benefit from advances made in low-cost thermal imagers where reducing cost and enabling high-temperature operation drive device development. Infrared detectors used in FPAs have been made for decades from alloys of mercury cadmium telluride (MCT). These infrared detectors are nearing the believed limit of their performance. This limit, known in the infrared detector community as Rule 07, dictates the dark current floor for MCT detectors, in their traditional architecture, for a given temperature and cutoff wavelength. To overcome the bounds imposed by Rule 07, many groups are working on detector compounds other than MCT. We focus on detectors employing III-V-based gallium-free In As Sb superlattice active regions while also changing the basic architecture of the pixel to improve signal-to-noise. Our architecture relies on a resonant, metallic, subwavelength nanoantenna patterned on the absorber surface, in combination with a Fabry-Perot cavity, to couple the incoming radiation into tightly confined modes near the nanoantenna. This confinement of the incident energy in a thin layer allows us to greatly reduce the volume of the absorbing layer to a fraction of the free-space wavelength, yielding a corresponding reduction in dark current from spontaneously generated electron-hole pairs in the absorber material. This architecture is detector material agnostic and could be applied to MCT detector structures as well, although we focus on using superlattice antimonide-based detector materials. This detector concept has been applied to both mid-wave (3–5 μm) and longwave (8–12 μm) infrared detectors and absorbers. Here we examine long-wave devices, as these detectors currently have a larger gap between desired device performance and that of currently existing detectors. The measured structures show an external quantum efficiency exceeding 50%. We present a comparison of the modeled and measured photoresponse of these detectors and compare these detectors to currently available commercial detectors using relevant metrics such as external quantum efficiency. We also discuss modeling of crosstalk between adjacent pixels and its influence on the potential for a dual-wavelength detector. Finally, we evaluate potential advances in these detectors that may occur in the near future.
pT E X and Japanese Typesetting (2008)

We describe the rules of Japanese typesetting and how the combination of ASCII's pTEX, Kobayashi's jis font metric, and the present author's js document classes implements them.
Space-time code performance bounds on quasistatic fading channels (2004)

We evaluate truncated union bounds on the frame error rate performance of space-time (ST) codes operating over the quasistatic fading channel and compare them to the results from computer simulation. Both ST trellis and block codes are considered. We calculate these bounds by characterizing the set of codeword differences from a general expression for the exact pairwise error probability (PEP). We discussed in detail the significantly tighter numerical bound for quasistatic fading and demonstrate the code properties that account for this tightness. Using this improved bound we show empirical evidence that for some codes a set of dominant error events characterize the FER performance. We also compare these performance results to outage capacity.
Graphics-to-video encoding for 3g mobile game viewer multicast using depth values (2005)

Towards the goal of streaming mobile network game sequences in standard compliant video to thousands of game observers, a specialized video encoder called grencoder that takes 3D game graphics as input is discussed. In particular, we present a framework that increases the visual quality of regions of interest (ROI) of the video by performing intelligent mode selection during h.263+ video encoding. The regions of interest are identified by extracting the depth values of pixels in the frame buffer made available when 3D objects are projected to a 2D surface during rasterization. Results show that by performing ROI mode selection, PSNR of test sequence slightly increases while subjective quality of nearby objects increases noticeably.
Peritoneo-Venous Shunting for Ascites (1974)

A new minor surgical procedure for ascites has been devised wherein a specially designated one way pressure activated valve is implanted to create a permanent peritoneo-venous shunt. The normally closed valves opens only when the peritoneal pressure rises 3-5 cm higher than the intrathoracic venous pressure thus preventing backflow of blood and closing the valve should the venous pressure rise from the over-infusion of ascitic fluid. The procedure has been performed on 45 patients but nine were terminal at the time of surgery. Prolonged relief of ascites occurred in 28 of 37 cases.
High-Resolution Harmonics Ultrasound Imaging for Non-Invasive Characterization of Wound Healing in a Pre-Clinical Swine Model (2015)

This work represents the first study employing non-invasive high-resolution harmonic ultrasound imaging to longitudinally characterize skin wound healing. Burn wounds (day 0-42), on the dorsum of a domestic Yorkshire white pig were studied non-invasively using tandem digital planimetry, laser speckle imaging and dual mode (B and Doppler) ultrasound imaging. Wound depth, as measured by B-mode imaging, progressively increased until day 21 and decreased thereafter. Initially, blood flow at the wound edge increased up to day 14 and subsequently regressed to baseline levels by day 21, when the wound was more than 90% closed. Coinciding with regression of blood flow at the wound edge, there was an increase in blood flow in the wound bed. This was observed to regress by day 42. Such changes in wound angiogenesis were corroborated histologically. Gated Doppler imaging quantitated the pulse pressure of the primary feeder artery supplying the wound site. This pulse pressure markedly increased with a bimodal pattern following wounding connecting it to the induction of wound angiogenesis. Finally, ultrasound elastography measured tissue stiffness and visualized growth of new tissue over time. These studies have elegantly captured the physiological sequence of events during the process of wound healing, much of which is anticipated based on certain dynamics in play, to provide the framework for future studies on molecular mechanisms driving these processes. We conclude that the tandem use of non-invasive imaging technologies has the power to provide unprecedented insight into the dynamics of the healing skin tissue.
Detecting flames and insults in text (2008)

While the Internet has become the leading source of information, it is also become the medium for flames, insults and other forms of abusive language, which add nothing to the quality of information available.A human reader can easily distinguish between what is information and what is a flame or any other form of abuse.It is however much more difficult for a language processor to do this automatically.This paper describes a new approach for an automated system to distinguish between information and personal attacks containing insulting or abusive expressions in a given document.In Linguistics, insulting or abusive messages are viewed as an extreme subset of the subjective language because of its extreme nature.We create a set of rules to extract the semantic information of a given sentence from the general semantic structure of that sentence to separate information from abusive language.
The Mechanical Properties of Wood Fiber-reinforced Polymethylmethacrylate (1989)

Abstract The mechanical properties, e.g. tensile modulus (at 0.1% strain), tensile strength at maximum point and corresponding elongation and breaking energy, as well as impact strength, of compression molded PMMA and PMMA filled with wood fibers (10%-40% by weight of composite) have been investigated. Optimization of molding conditions, (e.g. temperature, time, pressure and mixing aids) was carried out. In optimum conditions of mixing and molding, the effect of different parameters, (e.g. nature and concentration of coupling agents (isocyanates), coating treatment, nature of wood species in the form of various pulps) on the mechanical properties of the resulting composites were evaluated. PMPPIC having 2%-4% (by weight of polymer) was found to behave as a true coupling agent because modulus as well as the tensile and impact strengths were improved. Moreover, PMPPIC acted as a coupling agent even when it was used for treatment of PMMA and fiber or to precoat the fiber. A distinct effect of the morphology of wood species and fiber-making techniques on the mechanical properties of wood fiber-filled composites was also observed.
Tribology of Abrasive Machining Processes (2004)

The monograph Tribology of Abrasive Machining Processes is written by highly esteemed experts in abrasive and grinding processes. The authors looked on these important, quality of high tech products determining processes from the view of tribological science which makes the book unique and most interesting both for advanced practitioners in the manufacturing field as well as students and scientists. It gives fundamentals and practical advice and is a comprehensive basis for industrial applications and academic interest. The book starts with a systematic approach of the tribosystem and shows the main kinematic models of grinding and abrasive processes in general, from where the contact mechanics, forces and energy are derived. Consequently, the thermal balance and the surface impact on the work piece are discussed. The very modern tool of molecular dynamics (MD) has been successfully introduced into the grinding process. It gives an interesting insight in mechanisms of plastomechanics and tribology in an atomic and nanogeometric scale. The book is rounded up by a thorough report and discussion of all objects which take part in the process: the grinding tool, the coolant and fluid delivery, typical materials to be machined, and—most deserving—the dressing and conditioning processes. The tribochemical aspects of the interactions of these objects are explained. Tribology of Abrasive Machining Processes is a standard monograph for finishing processes and the newest R&D achievements in the field.
Oriented Gaussian Mixture Models for Nonrigid 2D/3D Coronary Artery Registration (2014)

2D/3D registration of patient vasculature from preinterventional computed tomography angiography (CTA) to interventional X-ray angiography is of interest to improve guidance in percutaneous coronary interventions. In this paper we present a novel feature based 2D/3D registration framework, that is based on probabilistic point correspondences, and show its usefulness on aligning 3D coronary artery centerlines derived from CTA images with their 2D projection derived from interventional X-ray angiography. The registration framework is an extension of the Gaussian mixture model (GMM) based point-set registration to the 2D/3D setting, with a modified distance metric. We also propose a way to incorporate orientation in the registration, and show its added value for artery registration on patient datasets as well as in simulation experiments. The oriented GMM registration achieved a median accuracy of 1.06 mm, with a convergence rate of 81% for nonrigid vessel centerline registration on 12 patient datasets, using a statistical shape model. The method thereby outperformed the iterative closest point algorithm, the GMM registration without orientation, and two recently published methods on 2D/3D coronary artery registration.
Design of athermal all-polymer waveguide microring resonator (2009)

The athermal all-polymer waveguide microring resonator is realized by selecting polymer substrate with proper thermal expansion coefficient to substitute the silicon one. The designed results show that the maximal resonant wavelength shift is -0.0085nm and the maximal temperature dependent wavelength shift slope is -0.0009nm/K when the temperature varies from 20°C to 65°C.
The biocompatibility and osteoconductive activity of a novel hydroxyapatite/collagen composite biomaterial, and its function as a carrier of rhBMP-2 (2000)

A hydroxyapatite/type I collagen (HAp/Col) composite, in which the hydroxyapatite nanocrystals align along the collagen molecules, has been prepared. The biocompatibility, osteoconductive activity, and efficacy as a carrier of recombinant human bone morphogenetic proteins (rhBMPs) of this novel biomaterial were examined. The composite material was implanted in the backs of Wistar rats, and specimens were collected for histological observations until week 24. In a second experiment, other samples of the composite material (5 x 5 x 10 mm3) were drilled and immersed in a solution of rhBMP-2 (0, 200, 400 microg/mL), and subsequently grafted in radii and ulnae in beagle dogs. As a control, three unfilled holes were left in one radius and ulna. X-ray images were prepared, and specimens collected for histological observation at weeks 8 and 12. Histological findings of the composites grafted in rats showed that the surface of the material was eroded as a result of macrophage infiltration. X-ray images and histological findings for the composites implanted in dogs support the idea that HAp/ Col has a high osteoconductive activity and is able to induce bone-remodeling units. In cases where the implants are grafted at weight bearing sites, treatment with rhBMP-2 at a dose of 400 microg/mL may be useful to shorten the time needed until bone union has occurred.
Rituximab or Cyclosporine in the Treatment of Membranous Nephropathy (2019)

Rituximab was noninferior to cyclosporine in inducing complete or partial remission of proteinuria at 12 months and was superior in maintaining proteinuria remission up to 24 months. (Funded by Genentech and the Fulk Family Foundation; MENTOR ClinicalTrials.gov number, NCT01180036.).
ChemInform Abstract: Studies on the Mode of Ring‐Opening of N‐Aryl Phthalisoimidium Perchlorates. (1995)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Plastic materials as a radiation shield for β<sup>−</sup>sources: a comparative study through Monte Carlo calculation (2009)

We have developed a Monte Carlo simulation in Geant4 to compare the attenuation properties and the bremsstrahlung radiation yield of different types of plastic materials employed as shields for beta- radioactive sources. Code validation results against Sandia and NIST data are presented. For polypropylene (C3H6), polystyrene (C2H3), polyamide nylon-6 (C6H11ON), poly-methyl methacrylate (C5H8O2), polycarbonate (C16H6O3), polyethylene terephthalate (C10H8O4), polyvinyl chloride (C2H3Cl) and polytetrafluoroethylene (C2F4) we evaluated the mean and maximum ranges for electrons originating from 90Sr and 90Y, as well as the number and spectrum of the bremsstrahlung x-rays produced. Significant differences appear between the various materials, and the choice of the best one also depends on the physical properties requested for each specific application.
Reemergence of<i>Mycobacterium chimaera</i>in Heater–Cooler Units despite Intensified Cleaning and Disinfection Protocol (2016)

Invasive Mycobacterium chimaera infections after open-heart surgery have been reported internationally. These devastating infections result from aerosols generated by contaminated heater-cooler units used with extracorporeal circulation during surgery. Despite intensified cleaning and disinfection, surveillance samples from factory-new units acquired during 2014 grew nontuberculous mycobacteria after a median of 174 days.
Benchmarking advanced architecture computers (1990)

Abstract Recently, a number of advanced architecture machines have become commercially available. These new machines promise better cost performance than traditional computers, and some of them have the potential of competing with current supercomputers, such as the CRAY X‐MP, in terms of maximum performance. This paper describes the methodology and results of a pilot study of the performance of a broad range of advanced architecture computers using a number of complete scientific application programs. The computers evaluated include: shared‐memory bus architecture machines such as the Alliant FX/8, the Encore Multimax, and the Sequent Balance and Symmetry shared‐memory network‐connected machines such as the Butterfly distributed‐memory machines such as the NCUBE, Intel and Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL)/Caltech hypercubes very long instruction word machines such as the Cydrome Cydra‐5 SIMD machines such as the Connection Machine ‘traditional’ supercomputers such as the CRAY X‐MP, CRAY‐2 and SCS‐40. Seven application codes from a number of scientific disciplines have been used in the study, although not all the codes were run on every machine. The methodology and guidelines for establishing a standard set of benchmark programs for advanced architecture computers are discussed. The CRAYs offer the best performance on the benchmark suite; the shared memory multiprocessor machines generally permitted some parallelism, and when coupled with substantial floating point capabilities (as in the Alliant FX/8 and Sequent Symmetry), provided an order of magnitude less speed than the CRAYs. Likewise, the early generation hypercubes studied here generally ran slower than the CRAYs, but permitted substantial parallelism from each of the application codes.
The stability of a sulphite-free epidural analgesic solution containing fentanyl, bupivacaine, and adrenaline (2013)

The solution containing adrenaline, fentanyl, and bupivacaine, stabilised with disodium edetate, is stable for several months at 2-8°C, and at least for 7 days at room temperature without the addition of sulphites.
Cavity Attenuated Phase Shift-Based Monitoring of Atmospheric Species (2009)

Author Institution: Aerodyne Research, Inc., Billerica, MA 01821
Light and electron microscopic evaluation of biocompatibility, resorption and penetration characteristics of human collagen graft material (1991)

This study was initiated to test the biocompatibility, resorption and penetration characteristics of human collagen graft material in vitro and in vivo using light (LM) and electron microscopy (EM). To study this relationship, pieces of glutaraldehyde cross-linked collagen sponges (1 x 1 x 0.5 cm), were: (1) cultured in sterile Petri dishes with human gingival fibroblasts and human periodontal ligament fibroblasts for 2 weeks; (2) implanted in subcutaneous pockets made in both thighs (total 20 sites) of 10 Sprague-Dawley rats for 7-56 days. The behaviour of the growth of the fibroblasts was studied by inverted light microscopy (LM), then tissue culture specimens were studied from without and within using low-temperature scanning electron microscopy (LTSEM). Blocks obtained from the graft sites of the rat were processed for LM and transmission EM. Long-term LM observations showed attachment and random orientation of cells on and around the collagen sponge in culture during the first 48 h. Between 7 and 14 days, the majority of the cells adjacent to the sponge were orientated at right angles to its margin with their long axes approximately parallel to each other. The LTSEM revealed that large numbers of HGF and HPLF grew onto the collagen sponges, but no cellular penetration to the middle of the sponge was seen. LM and TEM of the rat specimens showed a cellular reaction to the collagen graft, as well as slow resorption, and fibroblast invasion of the graft at 6-8 weeks. It was concluded that the human collagen graft was biocompatible with HGF and HPLF, with penetration first observed at 42 days post-implantation. In the in vivo study, the collagen underwent slow resorption over a period of 8 weeks.