gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Accumulation of Ferrous Iron in <i>Chlamydomonas reinhardtii</i>. Influence of CO2 and Anaerobic Induction of the Reversible Hydrogenase (2003)

The green alga, Chlamydomonas reinhardtii, can photoproduce molecular H(2) via ferredoxin and the reversible [Fe]hydrogenase enzyme under anaerobic conditions. Recently, a novel approach for sustained H(2) gas photoproduction was discovered in cell cultures subjected to S-deprived conditions (A. Melis, L. Zhang, M. Forestier, M.L. Ghirardi, M. Seibert [2000] Plant Physiol 122: 127-135). The close relationship between S and Fe in the H(2)-production process is of interest because Fe-S clusters are constituents of both ferredoxin and hydrogenase. In this study, we used Mössbauer spectroscopy to examine both the uptake of Fe by the alga at different CO(2) concentrations during growth and the influence of anaerobiosis on the accumulation of Fe. Algal cells grown in media with (57)Fe(III) at elevated (3%, v/v) CO(2) concentration exhibit elevated levels of Fe and have two comparable pools of the ion: (a) Fe(III) with Mössbauer parameters of quadrupole splitting = 0.65 mm s(-1) and isomeric shift = 0.46 mm s(-1) and (b) Fe(II) with quadrupole splitting = 3.1 mm s(-1) and isomeric shift = 1.36 mm s(-1). Disruption of the cells and use of the specific Fe chelator, bathophenanthroline, have demonstrated that the Fe(II) pool is located inside the cell. The amount of Fe(III) in the cells increases with the age of the algal culture, whereas the amount of Fe(II) remains constant on a chlorophyll basis. Growing the algae under atmospheric CO(2) (limiting) conditions, compared with 3% (v/v) CO(2), resulted in a decrease in the intracellular Fe(II) content by a factor of 3. Incubating C. reinhardtii cells, grown at atmospheric CO(2) for 3 h in the dark under anaerobic conditions, not only induced hydrogenase activity but also increased the Fe(II) content in the cells up to the saturation level observed in cells grown aerobically at high CO(2). This result is novel and suggests a correlation between the amount of Fe(II) cations stored in the cells, the CO(2) concentration, and anaerobiosis. A comparison of Fe-uptake results with a cyanobacterium, yeast, and algae suggests that the intracellular Fe(II) pool in C. reinhardtii may reside in the cell vacuole.
Chronobiological Characteristics of Neuropathic Pain (2013)

These observations suggest that neuropathic pain progressively increases throughout the day with clinically relevant morning-evening differences and further indicate that sex and underlying etiology may be important determinants of diurnal rhythmicity in neuropathic pain. Consideration of these patterns may guide improved therapeutic strategies and stimulate new directions of research that will improve our understanding and treatment of neuropathic pain.
Incorporation of Membrane Proteins in Solid‐Supported Lipid Layers (1995)

Monomolecular lipid mono- and bilayers having peptide spacer groups are prepared in situ on gold substrates. By fusion with liposomes containing ATPase, they spontaneously form lipid bilayers. Surface plasmon resonance spectroscopy and electrochemical measurements indicate that the enzyme is incorporated into the lipid layer (depicted schematically on the right). The activity of the enzyme, in this case the translocation of protons across the lipid layer, is detected by the current due to the discharge of protons at the gold electrode.
Anticonvulsants Based on the α-Substituted Amide Group Pharmacophore Bind to and Inhibit Function of Neuronal Nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptors (2016)

Although the antiepileptic properties of α-substituted lactams, acetamides, and cyclic imides have been known for over 60 years, the mechanism by which they act remains unclear. I report here that these compounds bind to the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) and inhibit its function. Using transient kinetic measurements with functionally active, nondesensitized receptors, I have discovered that (i) α-substituted lactams and cyclic imides are noncompetitive inhibitors of heteromeric subtypes (such as α4β2 and α3β4) of neuronal nAChRs and (ii) the binding affinity of these compounds toward the nAChR correlates with their potency in preventing maximal electroshock (MES)-induced convulsions in mice. Based on the hypothesis that α-substituted amide group is the essential pharmacophore of these drugs, I found and tested a simple compound, 2-phenylbutyramide. This compound indeed inhibits nAChR and shows good anticonvulsant activity in mice. Molecular docking simulations suggest that α-substituted lactams, acetamides, and cyclic imides bind to the same sites on the extracellular domain of the receptor. These new findings indicate that inhibition of brain nAChRs may play an important role in the action of these antiepileptic drugs, a role that has not been previously recognized.
Latest developments in fiber manufacture by MCVD and RFMCVD (1984)

The MCVD process1 is now in large scale manufacture by Western Electric and used by many companies throughout the world to make economical high-quality communications grade lightguides. The simplicity, flexibility, and versatility of the technique coupled with considerable process understanding, automation, and control result not only in a high-quality product but allow production to adapt easily to manufacture of single-mode or multimode lightguides, as demand dictates. Moreover, the process versatility allows a wide variety of complex designs, including optimized depressed cladding single-mode structures, to be readily fabricated using fluorine doping. The rf plasma variation on MCVD2 has extended the attainable deposition rate and incorporation efficiency and shows great promise as a fabrication technique. High-strength lightguides are important, especially for underseas applications, and the MCVD process parameters to attain high strength are well understood, resulting in excellent long-length high strength3 as well as high-strength fusion splicing techniques.4
Heterogeneous Catalysis (1998)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTHeterogeneous CatalysisNoritaka Mizuno and Makoto MisonoView Author Information Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113, Japan Cite this: Chem. Rev. 1998, 98, 1, 199–218Publication Date (Web):January 8, 1998Publication History Received3 May 1997Revised2 September 1997Published online8 January 1998Published inissue 1 February 1998https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/cr960401qhttps://doi.org/10.1021/cr960401qresearch-articleACS PublicationsCopyright © 1998 American Chemical SocietyRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views17164Altmetric-Citations1889LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose SUBJECTS:Catalysts,Hydrogen,Oxidation,Redox reactions,Salts Get e-Alerts
Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury and Pregnancy Initiate Time-Dependent and Robust Signs of Up-Regulation of Cardiac Progenitor Cells (2012)

To explore how cardiac regeneration and cell turnover adapts to disease, different forms of stress were studied for their effects on the cardiac progenitor cell markers c-Kit and Isl1, the early cardiomyocyte marker Nkx2.5, and mast cells. Adult female rats were examined during pregnancy, after myocardial infarction and ischemia-reperfusion injury with/out insulin like growth factor-1(IGF-1) and hepatocyte growth factor (HGF). Different cardiac sub-domains were analyzed at one and two weeks post-intervention, both at the mRNA and protein levels. While pregnancy and myocardial infarction up-regulated Nkx2.5 and c-Kit (adjusted for mast cell activation), ischemia-reperfusion injury induced the strongest up-regulation which occurred globally throughout the entire heart and not just around the site of injury. This response seems to be partly mediated by increased endogenous production of IGF-1 and HGF. Contrary to c-Kit, Isl1 was not up-regulated by pregnancy or myocardial infarction while ischemia-reperfusion injury induced not a global but a focal up-regulation in the outflow tract and also in the peri-ischemic region, correlating with the up-regulation of endogenous IGF-1. The addition of IGF-1 and HGF did boost the endogenous expression of IGF and HGF correlating to focal up-regulation of Isl1. c-Kit expression was not further influenced by the exogenous growth factors. This indicates that there is a spatial mismatch between on one hand c-Kit and Nkx2.5 expression and on the other hand Isl1 expression. In conclusion, ischemia-reperfusion injury was the strongest stimulus with both global and focal cardiomyocyte progenitor cell marker up-regulations, correlating to the endogenous up-regulation of the growth factors IGF-1 and HGF. Also pregnancy induced a general up-regulation of c-Kit and early Nkx2.5+ cardiomyocytes throughout the heart. Utilization of these pathways could provide new strategies for the treatment of cardiac disease.
A feedback based charge pump (2011)

A new feedback based charge pump circuit with the controllable output voltage is proposed. By using the feedback loop and two charging channels, the output voltage can be set accurately and continuously while the input voltage is being adjusted. This technique overcomes the drawback of the traditional charge pumps which can only provide voltage that is discrete and dependent on V <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">DD</sub> , and also alleviates the V <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">thn</sub> induced pumping gain loss and single charge channel induced low charging rate. A charge pump using the new circuit technique is designed and integrated into a high-speed and high-resolution A/D converter to drive a buffer. The output voltage of the charge pump ranges from 3.9V to 6.1V while the input voltage is adjusted from 0.8V to 3V. The A/D converter is fabricated in a standard 0.35-μm CMOS process technology, achieves 95.33-dBc spurious free dynamic range and 75.75-dBc signal-to-noise ratio for a 10.1-MHz input at -0.9dBFS at 100MSPS sampling rate.
Hot Dry Rock: A Versatile Alternative Energy Technology (1995)

Abstract Hot dry rock (HDR) is the most abundant geothermal resource, and is found almost everywhere at depth. The technology to extract energy from HDR for practical use has been under development at the Los Alamos National Laboratory for more than twenty years. During the 1970’s, the possibility of mining the heat from HDR by circulating water through an engineered geothermal reservoir was first demonstrated on a small scale. Between 1980 and 1986, a larger, deeper, and hotter HDR reservoir was constructed. This large reservoir was subsequently mated to a permanent surface plant. A number of flow tests of this large HDR reservoir were conducted between 1991 and 1995. The results of these tests have indicated that it should be practical to operate an HDR heat mining facility to produce power on a sustained basis. An industry-led, government cost-shared project to produce and market energy generated from HDR is currently being put in place. That project should help demonstrate that HDR reservoirs can be operated to provide energy for long periods of time at rates sufficient to be commercially viable. In the longer run, additional applications of HDR technology such as water and waste treatment, and steam generation for oil field flooding may come into widespread use.
Introduction (2018)

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Cytoplasmic and nuclear distribution of the protein complexes mTORC1 and mTORC2: rapamycin triggers dephosphorylation and delocalization of the mTORC2 components rictor and sin1 (2008)

The mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) is part of two distinct complexes, mTORC1, containing raptor and mLST8, and mTORC2, containing rictor, mLST8 and sin1. Although great endeavors have already been made to elucidate the function and regulation of mTOR, the cytoplasmic nuclear distribution of the mTOR complexes is unknown. Upon establishment of the proper experimental conditions, we found mTOR, mLST8, rictor and sin1 to be less abundant in the nucleus than in the cytoplasm of non-transformed, non-immortalized, diploid human primary fibroblasts. Although raptor is also high abundant in the nucleus, the mTOR/raptor complex is predominantly cytoplasmic, whereas the mTOR/rictor complex is abundant in both compartments. Rapamycin negatively regulates the formation of both mTOR complexes, but the molecular mechanism of its effects on mTORC2 remained elusive. We describe that in primary cells short-term treatment with rapamycin triggers dephosphorylation of rictor and sin1 exclusively in the cytoplasm, but does not affect mTORC2 assembly. Prolonged drug treatment leads to complete dephosphorylation and cytoplasmic translocation of nuclear rictor and sin1 accompanied by inhibition of mTORC2 assembly. The distinct cytoplasmic and nuclear upstream and downstream effectors of mTOR are involved in many cancers and human genetic diseases, such as tuberous sclerosis, Peutz-Jeghers syndrome, von Hippel-Lindau disease, neurofibromatosis type 1, polycystic kidney disease, Alzheimer's disease, cardiac hypertrophy, obesity and diabetes. Accordingly, analogs of rapamycin are currently tested in many different clinical trials. Our data allow new insights into the molecular consequences of mTOR dysregulation under pathophysiological conditions and should help to optimize rapamycin treatment of human diseases.
Optimizing radiation therapy inverse treatment planning using the simulated annealing technique (1995)

Abstract The role of simulated annealing in therapy planning is discussed from a historical, theoretical and practical viewpoint. The properties of the method are discussed in detail together with available options and specific implementations.
Society of Critical Care Medicine 50th Anniversary Review Series: Critical Care Education (2021)

Bion, Julian MD; Brown, Celia PhD; Gomersall, Charles FCICM; Boulanger, Carole RN; Isherwood, Peter FFICM; Schulman, David MD Author Information
Experimental investigation of a surface plasmon-basedintegrated-optic humidity sensor (1996)

A humidity sensor has been fabricated by coating a surface plasmon waveguide with a thin layer of Nafion fluoropolymer. The refractive index of Nafion varies as a function of humidity, causing a shift in the plasmon resonance wavelength. The present device is able to measure relative humidity over a range of at least 20% to 50%, while exhibiting good linearity. Furthermore, humidity-induced index changes to Nafion occur rapidly and appear to be fully reversible.
Failure Prediction of Aircraft Equipment Using Machine Learning with a Hybrid Data Preparation Method (2020)

There is a large amount of information and maintenance data in the aviation industry that could be used to obtain meaningful results in forecasting future actions. This study aims to introduce machine learning models based on feature selection and data elimination to predict failures of aircraft systems. Maintenance and failure data for aircraft equipment across a period of two years were collected, and nine input and one output variables were meticulously identified. A hybrid data preparation model is proposed to improve the success of failure count prediction in two stages. In the first stage, ReliefF, a feature selection method for attribute evaluation, is used to find the most effective and ineffective parameters. In the second stage, a K -means algorithm is modified to eliminate noisy or inconsistent data. Performance of the hybrid data preparation model on the maintenance dataset of the equipment is evaluated by Multilayer Perceptron (MLP) as Artificial Neural network (ANN), Support Vector Regression (SVR), and Linear Regression (LR) as machine learning algorithms. Moreover, performance criteria such as the Correlation Coefficient (CC), Mean Absolute Error (MAE), and Root Mean Square Error (RMSE) are used to evaluate the models. The results indicate that the hybrid data preparation model is successful in predicting the failure count of the equipment.
Secure Personal Data Servers: a Vision Paper (2010)

An increasing amount of personal data is automatically gathered and stored on servers by administrations, hospitals, insurance companies, etc. Citizen themselves often count on internet companies to store their data and make them reliable and highly available through the internet. However, these benefits must be weighed against privacy risks incurred by centralization. This paper suggests a radically different way of considering the management of personal data. It builds upon the emergence of new portable and secure devices combining the security of smart cards and the storage capacity of NAND Flash chips. By embedding a full-fledged Personal Data Server in such devices, user control of how her sensitive data is shared by others (by whom, for how long, according to which rule, for which purpose) can be fully reestablished and convincingly enforced. To give sense to this vision, Personal Data Servers must be able to interoperate with external servers and must provide traditional database services like durability, availability, query facilities, transactions. This paper proposes an initial design for the Personal Data Server approach, identifies the main technical challenges associated with it and sketches preliminary solutions. We expect that this paper will open exciting perspectives for future database research. 1.
Performance analysis of hierarchical task queue organization for parallel systems (2003)

A hierarchical task queue organization that avoids the task queue bottleneck associated with the centralized organization and provides performance better than centralized and distributed organizations is proposed. A detailed performance analysis shows that the hierarchical organization is less sensitive to parameters like the branching factor and transfer factor. Therefore, it is suitable for large parallel systems.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Mutation in NS5 protein attenuates mouse neurovirulence of yellow fever 17D vaccine virus. (1998)

The 17D-204 vaccine manufactured in South Africa (17D-204-SA) and a large plaque variant (17D-LP) derived from it were highly virulent in adult mice. The LD50 of 17D-LP virus was 0-2 p.f.u. for mice following intracerebral inoculation. In comparison, a medium plaque variant derived from 17D-LP, termed 17D-MP virus, was found to be attenuated in adult mice following the same route of inoculation (> 10(4) p.f.u./LD50). Replication of 17D-MP virus was decreased in infected mouse brains compared to 17D-LP virus. Also, 17D-MP virus was slightly temperature sensitive at 39.5 degrees C. Compared to its parent viruses, 17D-204-SA and 17D-LP, 17D-MP virus had one unique mutation at nt 8045 in the genome which resulted in a single amino acid substitution (Pro --> Ser) at residue 137 of the NS5 protein and appeared to be the mutation responsible for the attenuation of 17D-MP virus. This is the first time that altered virulence of a flavivirus caused by mutation in a non-structural protein gene, other than NS1, has been reported.
Glycomics Data Mining (2009)

The amount of glycomics data being generated is rapidly increasing as a result of improvements in analytical and computational methods. Correlation and analysis of this large, distributed data set requires an extensible and flexible representational standard that is also 'understood' by a wide range of software applications. An XML-based data representation standard that faithfully captures essential structural details of a glycan moiety along with additional information (such as data provenance) to aid the interpretation and usage of glycan data, will facilitate the exchange of glycomics data across the scientific community. We reviewed importance of data warehouse, showing a method of applying data mining techniques using XML, and some of the data issues, analysis problems, and results.
The Antibiotic Cement Nail for Infection After Tibial Nailing (2004)

This article introduces the antibiotic-impregnated cement nail for the treatment of tibial shaft fracture infection and outlines the technique regarding its placement.
Emergency department capacity planning for a pandemic scenario: Nurse allocation (2009)

The problem considered in this research is the efficient allocation of resources in an emergency department during a large flow of patient consequent to a pandemic influenza breakout. Predicting the impact of a Pandemic Influenza is very complex due to the many unknown variables that may play a role to how severe a pandemic can be. Scenario planning is considered in this research to forecast different potential outcomes and help decision makers better understand the role of uncertainties and become prepared to make important decisions. The goal is to first create a forecast model to estimate the patient demand during the breakout period accessing an emergency department and employ it as input of a simulation model to replicate the dynamics of the system under a set of pandemic influenza scenarios.\nThe results yielded by this approach will be used as decision tool for hospital managers to better utilize and allocate medical staff considering the fluctuant demand of the system on the zones of the emergency department: triage, red, yellow, green, and black. Emergency departments are already overwhelmed during everyday operations; thus, it is expected in a case of pandemic influenza, their operations will be challenged beyond their limits. Hospitals are the first responders in a case of pandemic influenza since they will admit and treat the first cases, also they will be the first to identify the new virus. It is critical for hospitals to plan and create strategies to more effectively face the large number of patients arriving, and the best use of the available resources. Once the simulation model has been run and verified, and optimization procedure will be put in place to minimize the number of patients waiting in queue to be treated while maximizing flow of patients.\nThe model is built using ARENA simulation software and OptQuest heuristic optimization to propose various combinations for the number of nurses needed for healthcare delivery. The proposed method significantly improves system efficiency by reducing the number of patients waiting in queue for health treatment and care, and also increases the total number of patients treated.
Application of Intra-Oral Dental Scanners in the Digital Workflow of Implantology (2012)

For making impressions of implant cases for digital workflows, the most accurate scanner with the scanning protocol that will ensure the most accurate digital impression should be used. In our study model that was the Lava COS with the high accuracy scanning protocol.