gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Gene delivery into the renal glomerulus by transfer of genetically engineered, autologous mesangial cells. (1996)

To obviate the problem of rejection in situations where cells are used as vectors for gene delivery, the feasibility of using autologous mesangial cells cultured from renal biopsy specimens was studied for the purpose of gene transfer into the glomerulus. Using the calcium-phosphate co-precipitation method, a reporter gene which encodes bacterial beta-galactosidase was introduced into cultured mesangial cells derived from renal biopsy tissue of rats. Stable transfectants were established in the presence of a selection drug and then transferred back into the contralateral kidneys of the same animals via renal artery injection. Among 5 rats tested, expression of beta-galactosidase was detected in the isolated glomeruli from 4 injected kidneys. One week after cell injection, 31 +/- 13% of the glomeruli showed positive X-gal (5-bromo-4-chloro-3-indolyl beta- D-galactopyranoside) staining, indicating expression of the transferred gene. The use of autologous mesangial cells from biopsy specimens is thus realistic and would be useful to obviate the risk of rejection in the mesangial cell vector system.
Librando (2013)

Just-in-time compilers (JITs) are here to stay. Unfortunately, they also provide new capabilities to cyber attackers, namely the ability to supply input programs (in languages such as JavaScript) that will then be compiled to executable code. Once this code is placed and marked as executable, it can then be leveraged by the attacker.
Highly Luminescent Lanthanide Complexes of 1-Hydroxy-2-pyridinones (2008)

The synthesis, X-ray structure, stability, and photophysical properties of several trivalent lanthanide complexes formed from two differing bis-bidentate ligands incorporating either alkyl or alkyl ether linkages and featuring the 1-hydroxy-2-pyridinone (1,2-HOPO) chelate group in complex with Eu(III), Sm(III), and Gd(III) are reported. The Eu(III) complexes are among some of the best examples, pairing highly efficient emission (Phi tot (Eu) approximately 21.5%) with high stability (pEu approximately 18.6) in aqueous solution, and are excellent candidates for use in biological assays. A comparison of the observed behavior of the complexes with differing backbone linkages shows remarkable similarities, both in stability and photophysical properties. Low temperature photophysical measurements for a Gd(III) complex were also used to gain insight into the electronic structure and were found to agree with corresponding time-dependent density functional theory (TD-DFT) calculations for a model complex. A comparison of the high resolution Eu(III) emission spectra in solution and from single crystals also revealed a more symmetric coordination geometry about the metal ion in solution due to dynamic rotation of the observed solid state structure.
Uranium Adsorbent Fibers Prepared by Atom-Transfer Radical Polymerization from Chlorinated Polypropylene and Polyethylene Trunk Fibers (2015)

Seawater contains a large amount of uranium (∼4.5 billion tons) which can serve as a nearly limitless supply for an energy source. However, to make the recovery of uranium from seawater economically feasible, lower manufacturing and deployment costs are desirable, and good solid adsorbents must have high uranium uptake, reusability, and high selectivity toward uranium. In this study, atom-transfer radical polymerization (ATRP), without the high-cost radiation-induced graft polymerization, was used for grafting acrylonitrile and tert-butyl acrylate from a new class of trunk fibers, forming adsorbents in a readily deployable form. The new class of trunk fibers was prepared by the chlorination of polypropylene (PP) round fiber, hollow-gear PP fiber, and hollow-gear polyethylene fiber. During ATRP, degrees of grafting (d.g.) varied according to the structure of active chlorine sites on trunk fibers and ATRP conditions, and the d.g. as high as 2570% was obtained. Resulting adsorbent fibers were evaluated in U-spiked simulated seawater, and the maximum adsorption capacity of 146.6 g U/kg, much higher than that of a standard adsorbent Japan Atomic Energy Agency fiber (75.1 g/kg), was obtained. This new type of trunk fiber can be used for grafting a variety of uranium-interacting ligands, including designed ligands that are highly selective toward uranium.
All-Magnonic Spin-Transfer Torque and Domain Wall Propagation (2011)

The spin-wave transportation through a transverse magnetic domain wall (DW) in a magnetic nanowire is studied. It is found that the spin wave passes through a DW without reflection. A magnon, the quantum of the spin wave, carries opposite spins on the two sides of the DW. As a result, there is a spin angular momentum transfer from the propagating magnons to the DW. This magnonic spin-transfer torque can efficiently drive a DW to propagate in the opposite direction to that of the spin wave.
High frequency ZnO-SiO <sub>2</sub> -Si surface acoustic wave convolvers (1981)

The separate comb grating transducer configuration is used in the fabrication of high frequency convolvers in the metal-ZnO-SiO2-Si surface acoustic wave device structure. A Rayleigh convolver with an operating frequency of 285 MHz and a Sezawa convolver with an operating frequency of 355 MHz are reported.
ADENOVIRUS INTERACTION WITH ITS CELLULAR RECEPTOR CAR. (2001)

The mechanism of adenovirus attachment to the host cell plasma membrane has been revealed in detail by research over the past 10 years. It has long been known that receptor binding activity is associated with the viral fibers, trimeric spike proteins that protrude radially from the vertices of the icosahedral capsid (Philipson et al. 1968). In some adenovirus serotypes, fiber and other virus structural proteins are synthesized in excess and accumulate in the cell nucleus during late stages of infection. Fiber protein can be readily purified from lysates of cells infected with subgroup C viruses, for example Ad2 and Ad5 (Boulanger and Puvion 1973). Addition of purified fiber protein to virus suspensions during adsorption strongly inhibits infection, indicating that fiber and intact virus particles compete for binding sites on host cells (Philipson et al. 1968; Hautala et al. 1998). Cell binding studies using purified radiolabeled fiber demonstrated that fiber binds specifically and with high affinity to the cell plasma membrane, and that cell lines typically used for laboratory propagation of adenovirus have approximately 10{sup 4} high-affinity receptor sites per cell (Persson et al. 1985; Freimuth 1996). Similar numbers of high-affinity binding sites for radiolabeled intact virus particles also were observed (Seth et al. 1994).
A new framework for itemset generation (1998)

The problem of finding association rules in a large database of sales transactions has been widely studied in the literature, We discuss some of the weaknesses of the large itemset method for association rule generation. A different method for evaluating and finding itemsets referred to as otrongIyl collective itemsets is proposed. The concepts of "support" of an itemset and correlation of the items within an itemset are related, though not quite the same. This criterion stresses the importance of the actual correlation of the items with one another rather than the absolute support, Previously proposed methods to provide correlated itemsets are not necessarily applicable to very large databases, We provide an algorithm which provides very good computational efficiency, while maintaining statistical robuetneas, The fact that this algorithm relies on relative measures rather than absolute measures such as support also implies that the method can be applied to find association rules in datasets in which items may appear in a sizeable percentage of the transactions (dense datasets), datasets in which the items have varying density, or even negative association rules,
Particle Concentrations in Occupational Settings Measured with a Nanoparticle Respiratory Deposition (NRD) Sampler (2018)

There is an increasing need to evaluate concentrations of nanoparticles in occupational settings due to their potential negative health effects. The Nanoparticle Respiratory Deposition (NRD) personal sampler was developed to collect nanoparticles separately from larger particles in the breathing zone of workers, while simultaneously providing a measure of respirable mass concentration. This study compared concentrations measured with the NRD sampler to those measured with a nano Micro Orifice Uniform-Deposit Impactor (nanoMOUDI) and respirable samplers in three workplaces. The NRD sampler performed well at two out of three locations, where over 90% of metal particles by mass were submicrometer particle size (a heavy vehicle machining and assembly facility and a shooting range). At the heavy vehicle facility, the mean metal mass concentration of particles collected on the diffusion stage of the NRD was 42.5 ± 10.0 µg/m3, within 5% of the nanoMOUDI concentration of 44.4 ± 7.4 µg/m3. At the shooting range, the mass concentration for the diffusion stage of the NRD was 5.9 µg/m3, 28% above the nanoMOUDI concentration of 4.6 µg/m3. In contrast, less favorable results were obtained at an iron foundry, where 95% of metal particles by mass were larger than 1 µm. The accuracy of nanoparticle collection by NRD diffusion stage may have been compromised by high concentrations of coarse particles at the iron foundry, where the NRD collected almost 5-fold more nanoparticle mass compared to the nanoMOUDI on one sampling day and was more than 40% different on other sampling days. The respirable concentrations measured by NRD samplers agreed well with concentrations measured by respirable samplers at all sampling locations. Overall, the NRD sampler accurately measured concentrations of nanoparticles in industrial environments when concentrations of large, coarse mode, particles were low.
Progress on Raman amplifiers (2002)

Raman amplifiers are of interest both as discrete amplifiers at wavelengths where no attractive rare-earth-doped silica fiber amplifiers are available and as distributed amplifiers for repeaterless applications and capacity upgrades. Recent advances in high-power fiber lasers have enabled the construction of the practical pump lasers needed to pump Raman amplifiers, thereby renewing interest in this versatile technology. In this paper, we describe the technologies that have made this revival possible and review recent progress on Raman amplifiers, discrete and distributed, analog and digital, at both 1.3 and 1.5 /spl mu/m.
Open Domain Web Keyphrase Extraction Beyond Language Modeling (2019)

Lee Xiong, Chuan Hu, Chenyan Xiong, Daniel Campos, Arnold Overwijk. Proceedings of the 2019 Conference on Empirical Methods in Natural Language Processing and the 9th International Joint Conference on Natural Language Processing (EMNLP-IJCNLP). 2019.
An Estimation of Randomness of Scattering Media by Power Spectrum of Ultrasonic Scattering Wave (1989)

Two methods are shown for characterizing shapes of a power spectrum to estimate distribution (randomness) of the spacings of the scatterers. One method is FFT of cepstrum (FFTC). The other is fractal-based analysis which is useful for characterization of complex figures such as geometry. Using a one-dimensional scattering model, trial estimations of the randomness of the scatterers were performed, and it was found that the randomness could be discriminated by both methods.
ChemInform Abstract: SYNTHESIS OF SOME 1,8‐ AND 2,8‐DISUBSTITUTED DERIVATIVES OF ADENOSINE CYCLIC 3′,5′‐PHOSPHATE AND THEIR INTERACTION WITH SOME ENZYMES OF CAMP METABOLISM (1976)

Abstract Aus den beiden Adenosin‐3′,5′‐cyclophosphaten (Ia) und (Ib) erhält man mit Brom die Brom‐Verbindungen (II), die zu (III) substituiert werden.
NADEEF (2013)

Despite the increasing importance of data quality and the rich theoretical and practical contributions in all aspects of data cleaning, there is no single end-to-end off-the-shelf solution to (semi-)automate the detection and the repairing of violations w.r.t. a set of heterogeneous and ad-hoc quality constraints. In short, there is no commodity platform similar to general purpose DBMSs that can be easily customized and deployed to solve application-specific data quality problems. In this paper, we present NADEEF, an extensible, generalized and easy-to-deploy data cleaning platform. NADEEF distinguishes between a programming interface and a core to achieve generality and extensibility. The programming interface allows the users to specify multiple types of data quality rules, which uniformly define what is wrong with the data and (possibly) how to repair it through writing code that implements predefined classes. We show that the programming interface can be used to express many types of data quality rules beyond the well known CFDs (FDs), MDs and ETL rules. Treating user implemented interfaces as black-boxes, the core provides algorithms to detect errors and to clean data. The core is designed in a way to allow cleaning algorithms to cope with multiple rules holistically, i.e. detecting and repairing data errors without differentiating between various types of rules. We showcase two implementations for core repairing algorithms. These two implementations demonstrate the extensibility of our core, which can also be replaced by other user-provided algorithms. Using real-life data, we experimentally verify the generality, extensibility, and effectiveness of our system.
Suppression of welding defects in deep penetration CO2 laser welding (2000)

Characteristics of deep penetration welding have been investigated using 20 kW CO2 laser facility. Formation mechanism of the porosity has also been discussed. The porosity forms most significantly for upper focussing conditions, under which the low power density of the laser beam tends to incline the keyhole front wall at the root. The laser beam reflected at the inclined keyhole front superheats the molten metal, resulting in forming the porosity at the root. The porosity is not observed in N2 shield welding, although large N-plasma is formed during welding. The suppression might be caused by periodical change in the heat input due to periodical plasma formation and dissolution of the shielding gas in the molten pool. Pulse welding of low frequency is effective in suppressing the porosity due to promoting the periodical molten metal flow.
Identification, characterization and application of sulfide- oxidizing bacteria in oil fields (1999)

The cycling of sulfur in oil field brines has focused predominantly on bacteria involved in the reduction of sulfur species to sulfides, which are detrimental to the production of these fields. However, recent interest in the addition of nitrates and nitrites to oil field brines for the remediation and control of sulfides has rekindled new interest in sulfide bio-oxidation. Addition of nitrate and phosphates to produced brine from an oil field in Western Canada resulted in the stoichiometric conversion of sulfide to elemental sulfur and nitrate to nitrogen gas. Isolation and characterization of sulfide-oxidizers from this brine revealed the presence of two novel, autotrophic, colorless sulfur bacteria. Culture techniques and reverse sample genome probing were applied to field brines to confirm the identity and role of one of these isolates during a field test. The results suggest that sulfide-oxidizers exist in oil field brines that can be selectively activated in situ through the addition of limiting nutrients. However, similar tests applied to oil field brines from West Texas (WT) suggested that heterotrophic sulfide-oxidizers might play a more predominant role in sulfide oxidation in these habitats.
Better safe than sorry: new CRISPR/Cas9 tools for improved genome engineering (2017)

CRISPR nucleases are efficient tools to edit cellular genomes in a variety of organisms. However, the in vivo application of this technology is still severely limited by unwanted genomic cleavages, that are further increased by long-term expression of the nuclease and can lead to unpredictable results. To address this limitation, we developed a yeast-based assay which allows to simultaneously evaluate the on- and off-target activity towards two engineered genomic targets in order to select optimized Streptococcus pyogenes Cas9 (SpCas9) variants. The screening of SpCas9 variants obtained by random mutagenesis of the Rec1-II domain allowed the identification of hits with increased on/off ratios. Through the combination of the identified mutations within a single variant we isolated the best performing nuclease, that we named evoCas9 (evolved Cas9). Side by side analyses with recently reported rationally designed variants demonstrated a significant improvement in fidelity of our evoCas9. In addition, to control Cas9 persistence into cells over time, we developed a Self-Limiting Cas9 circuitry for Enhanced Safety (SLiCES) which consists of an expression unit for SpCas9, a self-targeting sgRNA and a second sgRNA targeting a chosen genomic locus. This self-limiting circuit, by controlling Cas9 levels, results in increased genome editing specificity. For its in vivo utilization, we integrated SLiCES into a lentiviral delivery system (lentiSLiCES) via circuit inhibition to achieve viral particle production. Following its delivery into target cells, the lentiSLiCES circuit is switched on to edit the intended genomic locus while simultaneously promoting its own neutralization through SpCas9 inactivation. The two strategies here developed represent complementary approaches to address a major issue in the genome editing field. On one hand, by preserving target cells from residual nuclease activity, our hit and go SLiCES system increases the safety margins for genome engineering. On the other, if compared to published structure-guided protein engineering approaches, our in vivo screening increases the likelihood to identify the best combination of amino acid substitutions for the generation of novel, error-free SpCas9 and could represent a valid strategy to enhance the specificity of other RNA-guided nucleases.
Sequence and DNA structural determinants of N4 virion RNA polymerase–promoter recognition (1998)

Coliphage N4-coded, virion-encapsidated RNA polymerase (vRNAP) is able to bind to and transcribe promoter-containing double-stranded DNAs when the template is supercoiled and Escherichia coli single-stranded DNA-binding protein (Eco SSB) is present. We report that vRNAP-promoter recognition and activity on these templates require specific sequences and a hairpin structure on the template strand. Hairpin extrusion, induced by Mg(II) and physiological superhelical density, is essential to provide the correct DNA structure for polymerase recognition, as mutant promoters that do not form hairpins show reduced in vitro activity. Therefore, a supercoil-induced DNA structural transition regulates N4 vRNAP transcription. Eco SSB activates transcription at physiological superhelical densities by stabilizing the template-strand hairpin. Specific sequences at the promoters are conserved to provide proper contacts for vRNAP, to support hairpin extrusion, or both. We propose a model for in vivo utilization of the vRNAP promoters, and discuss the roles of DNA supercoiling and Eco SSB in promoter activation.
Automatic selection of tube potential for radiation dose reduction in CT: A general strategy (2009)

A general strategy to automatically select the most dose efficient tube potential for CT exams was developed that takes into account patient size and diagnostic task. Dependent on the patient size and the selection of noise constraint parameter for different diagnostic tasks, the dose reduction at each tube potential, quantified explicitly with the RDF, varies significantly.
A generic method for determining the up/down orientation of text in Roman and non-Roman scripts (2005)

This paper presents a method for determining the up/down orientation of text in a scanned document of unknown orientation. The method analyzes the "open" portions of text blobs to determine the direction in which the open portions face. By determining the respective densities of blobs opening in a pair of opposite directions (e.g., right or left), the method can establish the direction in which the text as a whole is oriented. We first discuss the orientation of Roman text based on the asymmetry in the openness of Roman letters in the horizontal direction. For non-Roman text such as Pashto and Hebrew, we determine a direction that is the most asymmetric, and therefore the most useful for orientation, given a training dataset. This direction is then used for orientation. This work can be used for automated orientation of mail, checks in ATM envelopes, and scanned, copied, or faxed documents.
A Scalable Fabrication Process for Liquid Crystal-Based Uncooled Thermal Imagers (2016)

A novel sensor is being developed for a new uncooled imager technology that is scalable to large formats (tens of megapixels), which is greater than what is achieved by commercial microbolometer arrays. In this novel sensor, a liquid-crystal transducer is used to change a long-wavelength infrared scene into a visible image that can be detected using a conventional visible imager. This approach has the potential for making a more flexible thermal sensor that can be optimized for a variety of applications. In this paper, we describe the microfabrication processes required to create an array of sealed thermally isolated micro-cavities filled with liquid crystals to be used for an uncooled thermal imager. Experimental results from the fabricated arrays will also be discussed.
Selective Tumor Hypoxia Targeting by Hypoxia-Activated Prodrug TH-302 Inhibits Tumor Growth in Preclinical Models of Cancer (2011)

The results show that TH-302 has broad antitumor activity and selectively targets hypoxic tumor tissues.
New Nondestructive Pavement Evaluation Method (1988)

Rapid nondestructive evaluation of pavements is needed to help maintain highways and airport runways. A review of current techniques for measuring pavement profile, texture, and deflection under load is conducted. Rapid evaluation of these parameters is needed, due to the high cost of closing highways and runways. The problem of improving the ability of pavement engineers to make these measurements is addressed first by reviewing existing procedures for obtaining these measurements, and then by presenting a new procedure to allow the pavement engineer to measure these three criteria. Currently there are no devices for the absolute measurement of pavement profile. The proposed procedure allows this absolute measurement to be made.
Real Time & 3D Photoacoustic Remote Sensing (2020)

As photoacoustic techniques begin to progress towards clinical adoption, live operator feedback becomes a high priority. In this report, we present a method capable of achieving 3D & real-time frame rates for a live display.
Behaviour of fused silica capillaries subjected to gamma radiation. Part 2: Physical aspects (1983)

Abstract Five commercial varieties of uncoated fused silica capillary tubing used in high resolution gas chromatography were subjected to cobalt‐60 gamma radiation. The advantages and superior performance of fused silica open tubular columns coated with OV‐1 and subsequently immobilized or crosslinked in situ by radiation is reported in a previous paper in this Journal; however, in this investigation a loss in flexibility of irradiated capillaries was also noted. Quantitative measurements on flexibility were performed on specimens of irradiated fused silica capillaries, indicating that changes do indeed occur upon irradiation. Scanning electron micrographs also illustrate slight deterioration of the outer protective polyimide coating. Most surprisingly, it was also established that a variation does exist in the flexibility of the commercially available raw material studied.