gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Systematic Review of Patient-Derived Xenograft Models for Preclinical Studies of Anti-Cancer Drugs in Solid Tumors (2019)

Patient-derived xenograft (PDX) models are used as powerful tools for understanding cancer biology in PDX clinical trials and co-clinical trials. In this systematic review, we focus on PDX clinical trials or co-clinical trials for drug development in solid tumors and summarize the utility of PDX models in the development of anti-cancer drugs, as well as the challenges involved in this approach, following the preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analyses (PRISMA) guidelines. Recently, the assessment of drug efficacy by PDX clinical and co-clinical trials has become an important method. PDX clinical trials can be used for the development of anti-cancer drugs before clinical trials, with their efficacy assessed by the modified response evaluation criteria in solid tumors (mRECIST). A few dozen cases of PDX models have completed enrollment, and the efficacy of the drugs is assessed by 1 × 1 × 1 or 3 × 1 × 1 approaches in the PDX clinical trials. Furthermore, co-clinical trials can be used for personalized care or precision medicine with the evaluation of a new drug or a novel combination. Several PDX models from patients in clinical trials have been used to assess the efficacy of individual drugs or drug combinations in co-clinical trials.
Lossless Image Compression and Selective Encryption using a Discrete Radon Transform (2007)

In this paper we propose a new joint encryption and lossless compression technique designed for large images. The proposed technique takes advantage of the Mojette transform properties, and can easily be included in a distributed storage architecture. The basic crypto-compression scheme presented is based on a cascade of Radon projection which enables fast encryption of a large amount of digital data. Standard encryption techniques, such as AES, DES, 3DES, or IDEA can be applied to encrypt very small percentages of high resolution images. As the proposed scheme uses standard encryption, and only transmits uncorrelated data along with the encrypted part, this technique takes benefit of the security related to the chosen encryption standard, here, we assess its performances in terms of processing time and compression ratio.
Design reuse: An overview (1999)

This paper reviews the current research that has been carried out under the ‘design reuse’ umbrella. It classifies and discusses the work carried out in design reuse under seven categories, namely: focused innovation, cognitive studies on design reuse, computational perspective of design reuse, use of standard components, design reuse tools and methods, design reuse systems and issues in design reuse. In the light of this discussion it proposes future areas of work to enable design reuse to become an accepted tool for systematic design.
Hepatotoxicity in the Liver of Wistar Rats Administered with a Combination of Tramadol and Rophynol (2020)

International audience
Control and Design of Mutual Orthogonality in Bioorthogonal Cycloadditions (2012)

The azide-dibenzocyclooctyne and trans-cyclooctene-tetrazine cycloadditions are both bioorthogonal and mutually orthogonal: trans-cyclooctene derivatives greatly prefer to react with tetrazines rather than azides, while dibenzocyclooctyne derivatives react with azides but not with tetrazines under physiological conditions. DFT calculations used to identify the origins of this extraordinary selectivity are reported, and design principles to guide discovery of new orthogonal cycloadditions are proposed. Two new bioorthogonal reagents, methylcyclopropene and 3,3,6,6-tetramethylthiacycloheptyne, are predicted to be mutually orthogonal in azide and tetrazine cycloadditions.
Disseminated Intravascular Coagulation and Related Syndromes: A Clinical Review (1988)

Current concepts of the cause, pathophysiologic mechanisms, diagnosis, and management of acute and chronic DIC have been discussed. Considerable attention has been devoted to interrelationships that have remained confusing. Only by clearly understanding these pathophysiologic interrelationships can the clinician and laboratorian appreciate the divergent and wide clinical spectrum of often confusing clinical and laboratory findings in patients with DIC. Many of the therapeutic decisions to be made in these patients remain controversial and will remain so until more series of patients are published with respect to specific therapeutic modalities and survival patterns. Many syndromes that remain organ specific share common pathophysiologic properties with DIC but are identified as an independent disease entity, such as HUS, adult shock lung syndrome, eclampsia, and many other isolated organ-specific disorders. Many of these similar disorders, some systemic and some organ specific or multiorgan specific, are listed in Table 36.
Zinc‐Mediated Asymmetric Epoxidation of α‐Enones (1997)

Abstract A new efficient method for the asymmetric epoxidation of α‐enones with oxygen in the presence of diethylzinc and a chiral amino alcohol is presented. The epoxidation proceeds in moderate to excellent yields, complete diastereoselectivity and enantiomeric excesses of up to >99% by using enantiomerically pure (1 R ,2 R )‐ N ‐methylpseudoephedrine 7 as a chiral additive. The amino alcohol auxiliary 7 employed can be almost completely recovered with unchanged enantiomeric purity.
Four‐Bits‐Per‐Cell Operation in an HfO<sub>2</sub>‐Based Resistive Switching Device (2017)

The quadruple-level cell technology is demonstrated in an Au/Al<sub>2</sub> O<sub>3</sub> /HfO<sub>2</sub> /TiN resistance switching memory device using the industry-standard incremental step pulse programming (ISPP) and error checking/correction (ECC) methods. With the highly optimistic properties of the tested device, such as self-compliance and gradual set-switching behaviors, the device shows 6σ reliability up to 16 states with a state current gap value of 400 nA for the total allowable programmed current range from 2 to 11 µA. It is demonstrated that the conventional ISPP/ECC can be applied to such resistance switching memory, which may greatly contribute to the commercialization of the device, especially competitively with NAND flash. A relatively minor improvement in the material and circuitry may enable even a five-bits-per-cell technology, which can hardly be imagined in NAND flash, whose state-of-the-art multiple-cell technology is only at three-level (eight states) to this day.
A rapid albumin-binding 5-fluorouracil prodrug with a prolonged circulation time and enhanced antitumor activity (2017)

5-Fluorouracil (5-FU) is an antimetabolite widely used in the treatment of a variety of solid tumors. However, its clinical applications are greatly hindered by a very short residence time in blood circulation and non-specific distribution in the body. In order to overcome these challenges, 1-alkylcarbonyloxymethyl 5-FU was designed and linked with a maleimide group to form an albumin-binding 5-FU prodrug, named EMC-5-FU. In vitro incubation with bovine serum albumin (BSA) and fresh rat blood proved that the prodrug bound rapidly to cysteine-34 to form the drug-albumin conjugate nanomedicine. The conjugate BSA-EMC-5-FU was stable under acidic and neutral conditions but an unstable compound to release 5-FU in alkaline solution, and such a property was used for the determination of total 5-FU concentration in plasma. The t<sub>1/2</sub> and AUC values of total 5-FU after an intravenous injection of EMC-5-FU to SD rats were significantly increased, about 43-fold and 93-fold higher than those of 5-FU following 5-FU intravenous administration, respectively. In vivo fluorescence images of EMC-Cy5 indirectly demonstrated the selective tumor accumulation of EMC-5-FU. In H22 tumor-bearing mice models, treatment with EMC-5-FU was more efficacious in tumor inhibition compared to 5-FU intravenous administration. In conclusion, a rapid albumin-binding prodrug strategy addresses concerns related to the poor circulation half-life and non-specific distribution of anticancer drugs, and paves the way for the development of in vivo-forming nanomedicines in clinical cancer therapy.
Epidemiology and Aetiology of Middle Ear Cholesteatoma (1999)

A total of 500 patients with cholesteatoma diagnosed and operated during 1982-91 in the region of Tampere University Hospital and Mikkeli Central Hospital in Finland were analysed retrospectively. The mean annual incidence was 9.2 per 100,000 inhabitants (range 3.7-13.9) and during the study period the annual incidence decreased significantly. The incidence was higher among males under the age of 50 years. There was no accumulation of cholesteatoma diseases in lower social groups. The majority (72.4%) of cholesteatoma patients had suffered from otitis media episodes. Tympanostomy was carried out in 10.2% and adenoidectomy or adenotonsillectomy in 15.9% of all cholesteatoma ears prior to cholesteatoma surgery. Cholesteatoma behind an intact tympanic membrane with no history of otitis media was verified in 0.6% of patients and in cleft palate patients in 8%. In this study, 13.2% of patients had ear trauma or ear operation in anamnes.
Influence of sample thickness on the performance of photostrictive ceramics (1998)

Ferroelectric materials with high photovoltaic properties are of interest for new optical devices such as photostrictive ceramic actuators. However, fabrication of these devices requires development of materials exhibiting high photovoltage and photocurrent. In pursuit of these high performance photostrictive materials, the present research examines the influence of illumination intensity, degree of polarization, and sample thickness on the photostrictive response of WO3 doped lanthanum-modified lead zirconate titanate (Pb, La)(Zr, Ti)O3 ceramics prepared by oxide mixing process. A model for calculating the optimum sample thickness for maximum photostrictive response is proposed. This model agrees well with experimental results, and should be useful in designing photostrictive devices.
LightSeq: A High Performance Inference Library for Transformers (2020)

Transformer, BERT and their variants have achieved great success in natural language processing. Since Transformer models are huge in size, serving these models is a challenge for real industrial applications. In this paper, we propose LightSeq, a highly efficient inference library for models in the Transformer family. LightSeq includes a series of GPU optimization techniques to to streamline the computation of neural layers and to reduce memory footprint. LightSeq can easily import models trained using PyTorch and Tensorflow. Experimental results on machine translation benchmarks show that LightSeq achieves up to 14x speedup compared with TensorFlow and 1.4x compared with FasterTransformer, a concurrent CUDA implementation. The code is available at https://github.com/bytedance/lightseq.
Analysis and manipulation of distributed multi-language software code (2002)

The authors propose a formal model and a platform to deal with distributed multi-language software analysis. These provide a graph representation of the software codes (source codes and byte-codes), a change propagation process based on graph rewriting, and an automatic profiling tool to measure the contribution of any component to the global performance of the software. The program codes are structured by a multi-graph in which the nodes represent the software components linked by edges representing the meaningful relationships. The software components and their relationships are extracted from the byte-code files, using the mocha decompiler tool, and from the source codes files, using the Javacc tool. Javacc allows one to generate parsers, based on grammar specification files, which include features to produce an XML (eXtensible Markup Language) representation of the software components. Furthermore, a graph of the software components is constructed on the top of the XML files, providing program analysis. This is implemented by an integrated platform including the mocha decompiler, a multi-language parsing tool, a software change management module, and a profiling tool.
Estimation of the orientation and distance of a mirror from Kinect depth data (2013)

In many common applications of Microsoft Kinect™ including navigation, surveillance, 3D reconstruction, and the like; it is required to estimate the geometry of mirrors or other reflecting surfaces existing in the field of view. This often is difficult as in most positions a mirror does not support diffuse reflection of speckles and hence cannot be seen in the Kinect depth map. A mirror shows up as unknown depth. However, suitably placed objects reflecting in the mirror can provide important clues for the orientation and distance of the mirror. In this paper we present a method using a ball and its mirror image to set-up point-to-point correspondence between object and image points to solve for the geometry of the mirror. With this simple estimators are designed for the orientation and distance of a plane vertical mirror with respect to the Kinect camera. In addition an estimator is presented for the diameter of the ball. The estimators are validated through a set of experiments.
Influence of Archigram as a Little Magazine on Archigram's Architectural works and its Characteristics (2014)

The purpose of this study is to understand Archigram's architectural works by analysing Archigram, which was a little magazine issued from 1961 to 1974. Studies on the Archirgam's architectural works have been mostly focused on their projects themselves, not within the context of the medium, Archigram (little magazine). However, Archigram as a little magazine worked as a platforms where ideas and projects could be developed and communicated among the members. Therefore, this study focused on the distinct features of Archigram's architectural works which were influenced by its little magazine, Archigram. The major conclusion of this study is that Archigram's architectural works worked as media themselves; Archigram's architectural works are open-end conclusions which can be transformed and developed by other members; Archigram members created new temporality, creating 'up-to-the-minute' architecture.
Portable centrifugal analyzer for the determination of rapid reaction kinetics (1980)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTPortable centrifugal analyzer for the determination of rapid reaction kineticsWilliam D. Bostick, Martin L. Bauer, Robert. McCracken, and John E. MrochekCite this: Anal. Chem. 1980, 52, 2, 300–306Publication Date (Print):February 1, 1980Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 February 1980https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ac50052a021https://doi.org/10.1021/ac50052a021research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views51Altmetric-Citations3LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Research on the Data Storage and Access Model in Distributed Computing Environment (2008)

A classified distributed storage model and a layered access control model in distributed computing environment is presented in order to enhance the efficiency of data access and to protect the security of information. In classified distributed storage model, the data distributed in each physical storage spot is organized into four components which includes active data storage, static data storage, backup data storage and data warehouse. The efficiency is improved because regular data visiting is gathered at active data storage and static data storage. The layered access control mode is presented based on RBC model. In this model, security control is gathered at three layer which includes management layer, operation layer and application layer. The system has been applied to Zhejiang Fuchunjiang Limited Company, and gained good evaluation.
Large-scale preparation of highly purified human C1-inhibitor for therapeutic use. (1994)

A two-step chromatographic procedure has been developed to purify human C1-inhibitor from cryoprecipitate-poor plasma after removal of vitamin K-dependent proteins and antithrombin III. The procedure, which is fully compatible with modern plasma fractionation schemes, includes anion-exchange chromatography on DMAE-Fractogel EMD, viral inactivation by solvent-detergent treatment, adsorption on SO3-Fractogel EMD and viral removal by nanofiltration on 35- and 15-nm pore size membranes. Overall yields were about 45% and 58% for antigen and activity, respectively, providing 60-70 mg of highly purified inhibitor per litre of plasma. The purified inhibitor had a specific activity of 6.5 +/- 0.5 units/mg protein, representing a more than 400-fold increase in purity compared with plasma. C1-inhibitor purity with respect to total protein was greater than 80%. The main contaminant was complement component C3 which accounted for 4-10% of the total protein. Minor contaminants included low amounts of IgM, IgG, IgA, fibrinogen and albumin. Complement component C4 was undetectable. The purified inhibitor was stable throughout the purification process and for more than 24 h at room temperature after reconstitution of the freeze-dried material. Animal tests in rats and mice demonstrated that the C1-inhibitor concentrate was well tolerated at relatively high doses.
A transmit antenna coding scheme for spatial modulation (2014)

Spatial modulation (SM) is performed in both spatial and signal domains. The spatial-domain modulation involves the coding process of transmit antennas (TAs). The traditional coding method uses natural binary code, which leads to relatively poor bit error rate (BER) performance in spatial correlated channels. In this paper, we propose a simple yet efficient TA coding scheme by utilizing Gray code for SM. Considering a uniform linear array (ULA), due to the fact that the correlation of two adjacent TAs far exceeds that of the other TA pairs, the BER brought out by TA indices decision can be effectively mitigated by utilizing Gray code. Simulation results show that the proposed coding scheme can effectively mitigate the bit error due to incorrect decision and thus improve the BER.
Real-Time Video Inference on Edge Devices via Adaptive Model Streaming (2021)

Real-time video inference on edge devices like mobile phones and drones is challenging due to the high computation cost of Deep Neural Networks. We present Adaptive Model Streaming (AMS), a new approach to improving the performance of efficient lightweight models for video inference on edge devices. AMS uses a remote server to continually train and adapt a small model running on the edge device, boosting its performance on the live video using online knowledge distillation from a large, state-of-the-art model. We discuss the challenges of over-the-network model adaptation for video inference and present several techniques to reduce communication the cost of this approach: avoiding excessive overfitting, updating a small fraction of important model parameters, and adaptive sampling of training frames at edge devices. On the task of video semantic segmentation, our experimental results show 0.4–17.8 percent mean Intersection-over-Union improvement compared to a pretrained model across several video datasets. Our prototype can perform video segmentation at 30 frames-per-second with 40 milliseconds camera-to-label latency on a Samsung Galaxy S10+ mobile phone, using less than 300 Kbps uplink and downlink bandwidth on the device.
Quantitative real-time <i>in vivo</i> detection of magnetic nanoparticles by their nonlinear magnetization (2008)

A novel method of highly sensitive quantitative detection of magnetic nanoparticles (MP) in biological tissues and blood system has been realized and tested in real time in vivo experiments. The detection method is based on nonlinear magnetic properties of MP and the related device can record a very small relative variation of nonlinear magnetic susceptibility up to 10−8 at room temperature, providing sensitivity of several nanograms of MP in 0.1ml volume. Real-time quantitative in vivo measurements of dynamics of MP concentration in blood flow have been performed. A catheter that carried the blood flow of a rat passed through the measuring device. After an MP injection, the quantity of MP in the circulating blood was continuously recorded. The method has also been used to evaluate the MP distribution between rat’s organs. Its sensitivity was compared with detection of the radioactive MP based on isotope of Fe59. The comparison of magnetic and radioactive signals in the rat’s blood and organ samples demonstrated similar sensitivity for both methods. However, the proposed magnetic method is much more convenient as it is safe, less expensive, and provides real-time measurements in vivo. Moreover, the sensitivity of the method can be further improved by optimization of the device geometry.
Metabolic engineering of <i>Saccharomyces cerevisiae</i> for production of germacrene A, a precursor of beta-elemene (2017)

Beta-elemene, a sesquiterpene and the major component of the medicinal herb Curcuma wenyujin, has antitumor activity against various types of cancer and could potentially serve as a potent antineoplastic drug. However, its current mode of production through extraction from plants has been inefficient and suffers from limited natural resources. Here, we engineered a yeast cell factory for the sustainable production of germacrene A, which can be transformed to beta-elemene by a one-step chemical reaction in vitro. Two heterologous germacrene A synthases (GASs) converting farnesyl pyrophosphate (FPP) to germacrene A were evaluated in yeast for their ability to produce germacrene A. Thereafter, several metabolic engineering strategies were used to improve the production level. Overexpression of truncated 3-hydroxyl-3-methylglutaryl-CoA reductase and fusion of FPP synthase with GAS, led to a sixfold increase in germacrene A production in shake-flask culture. Finally, 190.7 mg/l of germacrene A was achieved. The results reported in this study represent the highest titer of germacrene A reported to date. These results provide a basis for creating an efficient route for further industrial application re-placing the traditional extraction of beta-elemene from plant sources.