gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Ti <sup>3+</sup> ‐Free Multicomponent Titanophosphate Glasses as Ecologically Sustainable Optical Glasses (2006)

Ti 3+ ‐free multicomponent titanophosphate glasses were developed as ecologically sustainable optical glasses. Especially, recent advances in the glasses as molding glass, athermal glass, nonlinear optical glass, and self‐cleaning glass were presented. The Ti 3+ ‐free binary TiO 2 –P 2 O 5 glasses containing TiO 2 up to 74 mol% were prepared by melt quenching and long‐term post‐annealing around the glass transition temperature in the air, and possessed high transparency, high index, high dispersion, and low density. Li 2 O–ZnO–TiO 2 –P 2 O 5 glasses have the lowest T g (=560°C) among titanophosphate glasses, with high index ( n d =1.8), and high dispersion (ν d =22) being retained, while ZnO–TiO 2 –P 2 O 5 glasses have the highest refractive index ( n d =1.9) among glasses with T g lower than 600°C. Thus, ZnO–TiO 2 –P 2 O 5 and Li 2 O–ZnO–TiO 2 –P 2 O 5 glasses can be expected as high‐index molding glasses. A very small temperature coefficient of refractive index, d n /d T , or very small temperature coefficient of optical path length, d S /d T , was obtained for K 2 O–TiO 2 –P 2 O 5 glasses, meaning that they are considered as high‐index athermal glasses and athermal NLO glasses. Ag 2 O–TiO 2 –P 2 O 5 glasses showed photocatalytic activity and photo‐induced hydrophilicity comparable with commercially available TiO 2 ‐coated self‐cleaning glasses.
Dynamics and sensitivity analysis of high-frequency conduction block (2011)

The local delivery of extracellular high-frequency stimulation (HFS) has been shown to be a fast acting and quickly reversible method of blocking neural conduction and is currently being pursued for several clinical indications. However, the mechanism for this type of nerve block remains unclear. In this study, we investigate two hypotheses: (1) depolarizing currents promote conduction block via inactivation of sodium channels and (2) the gating dynamics of the fast sodium channel are the primary determinate of minimal blocking frequency. Hypothesis 1 was investigated using a combined modeling and experimental study to investigate the effect of depolarizing and hyperpolarizing currents on high-frequency block. The results of the modeling study show that both depolarizing and hyperpolarizing currents play an important role in conduction block and that the conductance to each of three ionic currents increases relative to resting values during HFS. However, depolarizing currents were found to promote the blocking effect, and hyperpolarizing currents were found to diminish the blocking effect. Inward sodium currents were larger than the sum of the outward currents, resulting in a net depolarization of the nodal membrane. Our experimental results support these findings and closely match results from the equivalent modeling scenario: intra-peritoneal administration of the persistent sodium channel blocker ranolazine resulted in an increase in the amplitude of HFS required to produce conduction block in rats, confirming that depolarizing currents promote the conduction block phenomenon. Hypothesis 2 was investigated using a spectral analysis of the channel gating variables in a single-fiber axon model. The results of this study suggested a relationship between the dynamical properties of specific ion channel gating elements and the contributions of corresponding conductances to block onset. Specifically, we show that the dynamics of the fast sodium inactivation gate are too slow to track the high-frequency changes in membrane potential during HFS, and that the behavior of the fast sodium current was dominated by the low-frequency depolarization of the membrane. As a result, in the blocked state, only 5.4% of nodal sodium channels were found to be in the activatable state in the node closest to the blocking electrode, resulting in conduction block. Moreover, we find that the corner frequency for the persistent sodium channel activation gate corresponds to the frequency below which high-frequency stimuli of arbitrary amplitude are incapable of inducing conduction block.
Optically Based Direct Sequence Binary Phase Shift Keying Modulation Scheme for Indoor Ultrawide-Band Wireless Systems (2006)

In this study, we focus on the design of an optical-based ultrawide-band (UWB) transmission system with a direct sequence-binary phase shift keying (DS-BPSK) modulation scheme for indoor wireless communication environments. The distinct pseudorandom noise (PN) code sequences are assigned to users that share a channel in the UWB multiple-access system. Filtered second-order Gaussian monocycle pulses can provide large bandwidths for very high-speed communications. Moreover, fiber dispersion and intersymbol interference (ISI) problems can be avoided by properly adjusting pulse width. The simulation and analytical results demonstrate that the presented scheme indeed provides several GHz bandwidths for future indoor UWB wireless applications.
Functional Proteomic Analysis of Advanced Serous Ovarian Cancer Using Reverse Phase Protein Array: TGF-β Pathway Signaling Indicates Response to Primary Chemotherapy (2010)

TGF-beta pathway signaling likely plays an important role as a marker or mediator of chemoresistance in advanced serous ovarian cancer. On this basis, future studies to develop and validate a useful predictor of treatment failure are warranted.
Proteomic profiling of extracellular vesicles allows for human breast cancer subtyping (2019)

Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are a potential source of disease-associated biomarkers for diagnosis. In breast cancer, comprehensive analyses of EVs could yield robust and reliable subtype-specific biomarkers that are still critically needed to improve diagnostic routines and clinical outcome. Here, we show that proteome profiles of EVs secreted by different breast cancer cell lines are highly indicative of their respective molecular subtypes, even more so than the proteome changes within the cancer cells. Moreover, we detected molecular evidence for subtype-specific biological processes and molecular pathways, hyperphosphorylated receptors and kinases in connection with the disease, and compiled a set of protein signatures that closely reflect the associated clinical pathophysiology. These unique features revealed in our work, replicated in clinical material, collectively demonstrate the potential of secreted EVs to differentiate between breast cancer subtypes and show the prospect of their use as non-invasive liquid biopsies for diagnosis and management of breast cancer patients.
A comparison of host response strategies to distinguish bacterial and viral infection (2021)

A gene expression signature was the most accurate host response strategy for classifying subjects with bacterial, viral, or non-infectious ARI.
A Mouse-Adapted Enterovirus 71 Strain Causes Neurological Disease in Mice after Oral Infection (2004)

A mouse-adapted enterovirus 71 (EV71) strain with increased virulence in mice, MP4, was generated after four serial passages of the parental EV71 strain 4643 in mice. Strain MP4 exhibited a larger plaque size, grew more rapidly, and was more cytotoxic in vitro than strain 4643. Although strains 4643 and MP4 both induced apoptosis of SK-N-SH human neuroblastoma cells, MP4 was more virulent than 4643 in 1-day-old mice (50% lethal doses, 10(2) and 10(4) PFU/mouse, respectively). Strain MP4 (5 x 10(6) PFU/mouse), but not 4643, could orally infect 7-day-old mice, resulting in rear-limb paralysis followed by death 5 to 9 days after inoculation with the virus. Histopathologically, neuronal loss and apoptosis were evident in the spinal cords as well as the brain stems of the infected mice. The limb muscles displayed massive necrosis. There was early and transient virus replication in the intestines, whereas the spinal cord, brain, and muscle became the sites of viral replication during the late phase of the infection. Virus transmission occurred among infected and noninfected cagemates, as demonstrated by the occurrence of seroconversion and the presence of viable viruses in the stool samples of the latter. Protection against EV71 challenge was demonstrated following administration of hyperimmune serum 1 day after inoculation with the virus. Nucleotide sequence analysis of the genome of EV71 strain MP4 revealed four nucleotide changes on the 5' untranslated region, three on the VP2 region, and eight on the 2C region, resulting in one and four amino acid substitutions in the VP2 and 2C proteins, respectively.
In vivo antimotility and antidiarrheal activity of lidamidine hydrochloride (WHR-1142A), a novel antidiarrheal agent. Comparison with diphenoxylate and loperamide. (1978)

1-(2,6-Dimethylphenyl)-3-methyl-amidinourea hydrochloride (WHR-1142A, lidamidine hydrochloride) was shown to have potent antimotility, antidiarrheal and intestinal antisecretory activity in mice, rats and dogs. Antimotility activity was demonstrated in charcoal intestinal motility, gastric emptying and gastric and intestinal intraluminal pressure studies. Antidiarrheal activity was evaluated in castor oil-, prostaglandin E2-, carbachol-, and serotonin-induced diarrhea. Intestinal secretion induced by cholera toxin was inhibited by WHR-1142A. In general, WHR-1142A was more potent than diphenoxylate and loperamide although species differences were noted. The ED50 for inhibition of castor oil-induced diarrhea was 1.8 mg/kg p.o. and the duration of action at 16 mg/kg p.o. was at least 6 h. Unlike diphenoxylate, WHR-1142A showed no tolerance.
Combined air-water flush in dead-end ultrafiltration (2001)

Dead-end ultrafiltration has proven itself as a technique for reclamation of backwash water of sand filters and as a pre-treatment step for spiral wound reverse osmosis. A direct result of dead-end filtration is a decreased flux caused by the accumulation of material in the membrane pores and on the membrane surface. Different cleaning techniques are used to remove this accumulated material. Recently a new technique has been introduced, the AirFlush. This technique makes use of air to create higher turbulence as compared to a water flush. At Delft University of Technology research has started into the fundamentals of the combined air- and water-flush. First a series of experiments has been carried out to determine the different flow patterns, followed by experiments to determine which air- and water-velocities give the best cleaning. Finally head loss experiments have been done to get information about the energy dissipated in the system. The results of the head loss experiments have been compared to the theoretical head loss calculated with the theory of heterogeneous two-phase flow.
2S Albumin Storage Proteins: What Makes them Food Allergens? (2008)

2S albumin storage proteins are becoming of increasing interest in nutritional and clinical studies as they have been reported as major food allergens in seeds of many mono- and di-cotyledonous plants. This review describes the main biochemical, structural and functional properties of these proteins thought to play a role in determining their potential allergenicity. 2S albumins are considered to sensitize directly via the gastrointestinal tract (GIT). The high stability of their intrinsic protein structure, dominated by a well-conserved skeleton of cysteine residues, to the harsh conditions present in the GIT suggests that these proteins are able to cross the gut mucosal barrier to sensitize the mucosal immune system and/or elicit an allergic response. The flexible and solvent-exposed hypervariable region of these proteins is immunodominant and has the ability to bind IgE from allergic patients sera. Several linear IgE-binding epitopes of 2S albumins spanning this region have been described to play a major role in allergenicity; the role of conformational epitopes of these proteins in food allergy is far from being understood and need to be investigated. Finally, the interaction of these proteins with other components of the food matrix might influence the absorption rates of immunologically reactive 2S albumins but also in their immune response.
TRACKING VESSELS TO ILLEGAL POLLUTANT DISCHARGES USING MULTISOURCE VESSEL INFORMATION (2015)

Abstract. Illegal discharge of bilge waters is a significant source of oil and other environmental pollutants in Canadian and international waters. Imaging satellites are commonly used to monitor large areas to detect oily discharges from vessels, off-shore platforms and other sources. While remotely sensed imagery provides a snap-shot picture useful for detecting a spill or the presence of vessels in the vicinity, it is difficult to directly associate a vessel to an observed spill unless the vessel is observed while the discharge is occurring. The situation then becomes more challenging with increased vessel traffic as multiple vessels may be associated with a spill event. By combining multiple sources of vessel location data, such as Automated Information Systems (AIS), Long Range Identification and Tracking (LRIT) and SAR-based ship detection, with spill detections and drift models we have created a system that associates detected spill events with vessels in the area using a probabilistic model that intersects vessel tracks and spill drift trajectories in both time and space. Working with the Canadian Space Agency and the Canadian Ice Service’s Integrated Satellite Tracking of Pollution (ISTOP) program, we use spills observed in Canadian waters to demonstrate the investigative value of augmenting spill detections with temporally sequenced vessel and spill tracking information.
Polytype heterostructures for electron tunneling devices (2003)

Polytype heterostructures of InAs-AlSb-GaSb exhibit interband tunneling due to the approximately 0.1-eV overlap of the InAs conduction band and the GaSb valence band. This broken-gap configuration results in a novel mechanism for negative differential resistance that has potential applications in high-speed devices. Nonresonant and resonant interband tunneling has been demonstrated, achieving peak-to-valley ratios at low temperature greater than 5:1 in single-barrier devices and greater than 60:1 in double-barrier devices. It is shown that distinct negative differential resistance characteristics can be obtained for thin (<or=2.5-nm) single barriers, even at room temperature. Good peak-to-valley ratios have been observed for double-barrier structures with InAs quantum wells as wide as 240 nm. Using a simple equivalent circuit model for a resonant tunneling transistor and calculated current-voltage characteristics, a unity gain cutoff frequency greater than 200 GHz is predicted.<<ETX>>
Connection and connectedness: Realizing the imperative for Indigenous Education (2015)

This article expands upon a keynote presentation delivered at the 42nd Annual Conference of the Australian and New Zealand Comparative and International Education Society in November 2014. The conference theme was International, Indigenous and Multicultural Imperatives for Education. The article considers the imperative for Indigenous Education and how it plays out within learning environments. Education for, by and with Indigenous peoples has for many years been a contested space defined by more questions than answers. Consequently, the challenge lies in understanding the motivation for the imperative, its classification and the responsibilities contained therein. The practice of connection and connectedness can support the conditions in which learners, educators, policy makers, researchers and communities may meet this challenge.
Pass-image authentication method tolerant to video-recording attacks (2011)

User authentication is widely used in automatic teller machines (ATMs) and Internet services. Recently, ATM passwords have been increasingly stolen using small charge-coupled device cameras. This article discusses a user authentication method in which graphical passwords instead of alphabetic ones are used as passwords in order for it to be tolerant to observation attacks. Several techniques for password authentications have been discussed in various studies. However, there has not been sufficient research on authentication methods that use pass-images instead of pass-texts. This article proposes a user authentication method that is tolerant to attacks when a user's pass-image selection operation is video recorded twice. In addition, usage guidelines recommending eight pass-images are proposed, and its security is evaluated.
Determinants of coronary blood flow in humans: quantification by intracoronary Doppler and ultrasound (2004)

The direct determinants of coronary flow are lumen area and blood flow velocity; however, the precise mechanisms that control these factors are not fully understood. The aim of the present study was to assess by which mechanisms lumen area and coronary flow velocity interact with hemodynamic and morphometric factors, thereby influencing coronary flow. Intracoronary Doppler and ultrasound measurements were performed in 28 patients without coronary lumen irregularities. Flow velocity and lumen cross-sectional area were measured in the proximal segments of all three coronary arteries. Global lumen cross-sectional area and global flow were obtained by adding up the values of all three coronary arteries. Left ventricular mass was assessed by echocardiography. Stress-mass-heart rate and pressure-rate products reflecting myocardial oxygen demand were calculated. Global coronary flow increased during adenosine-induced hyperemia from 197 +/- 72 to 637 +/- 204 ml/min (P < 0.001). Global coronary flow closely correlated with the stress-mass-heart rate product (r = 0.62; P < 0.001). Looking at the two constituents of flow separately, global coronary cross-sectional area was closely related to left ventricular muscle mass (r = 0.61; P < 0.001), whereas mean coronary flow velocity at rest showed a strong linear relation with the pressure-rate product (r = 0.64; P < 0.001). There was no interaction between cross-sectional area and blood flow velocity in any of the coronary vessels. Coronary lumen size and flow velocity, the two determinants of coronary flow, are principally determined by different physiological factors. Long-term flow adaptation is achieved by an increase in coronary lumen size, whereas short-term myocardial oxygen requirements are met by changes in resting flow velocity.
Diagnosing Hunter syndrome in pediatric practice: practical considerations and common pitfalls (2012)

Because routine newborn screening is not yet available for MPS II, the involvement and awareness of pediatricians, family practice physicians, and pediatric specialists is critical for early identification, diagnosis, and referral in order to help optimize patient outcomes.
Managing and Deployment of Applications with OSGi in the Context of Smart Home (2007)

The presence of a multitude of heterogeneous devices in a smart home environment create a whole puzzle when comes the time to deploy, update, or manage applications on these devices. The configuration and the updating of applications in that context can be expensive, as well as resource and time consuming, especially when there are several similar environments to implement. This paper considers those problems, brings a glimpse on possible solutions, and proposes the use of the OSGi framework to ease the deployment and the management of applications. Moreover this paper presents a summary of a distributed system currently in last phase of development that will resolve the proposed problematic. This system allows the remote managing and deployment in the context of a distributed and pervasive environment for cognitively impaired people.
Effect of tranexamic acid in traumatic brain injury: a nested randomised, placebo controlled trial (CRASH-2 Intracranial Bleeding Study) (2011)

This trial shows that neither moderate benefits nor moderate harmful effects of tranexamic acid in patients with traumatic brain injury can be excluded. However, the analysis provides grounds for further clinical trials evaluating the effect of tranexamic acid in this population. Trial registration ISRCTN86750102.
Expanded Polytetrafluoroethylene Episcleral Implants Used as Encircling Scleral Buckling (2000)

To investigate tissue changes induced by the implantation of expanded polytetrafluoroethylene (e-PTFE) used as encircling scleral buckling, an experimental and histopathological study was performed in rabbits. The eyes of 12 rabbits were implanted during 20-128 days with e-PTFE episcleral implants. Of these, 8 eyes were uncomplicated and enabled us to perform the histopathological study, 2 others were discarded for too short a time of implantation and, in 2 additional eyes, the episcleral implant was exposed with a wide conjunctival erosion. Surrounding the implant, a constant encapsulation was combined with numerous giant cells, forming a granuloma caused by irregularities of the implant outline. Its porous structure allowed a peripheral colonization by fibrovascular tissue. Scleral thinning and scleral invagination were the main scleral changes. No change of the conjunctiva made us suspect that a granuloma occurred before it was found histologically. The granulomatous changes did not seem to modify the apparently good experimental tolerance of the material after its implantation.
Antibody Binding Is a Dominant Determinant of the Efficiency of Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 Neutralization (2006)

ABSTRACT Primary and laboratory-adapted variants of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) exhibit a wide range of sensitivities to neutralization by antibodies directed against the viral envelope glycoproteins. An antibody directed against an artificial FLAG epitope inserted into the envelope glycoproteins of three HIV-1 isolates with vastly different neutralization sensitivities inhibited all three viruses equivalently. Thus, naturally occurring HIV-1 isolates that are neutralization resistant are not necessarily more impervious to the inhibitory consequences of bound antibody. Moreover, the binding affinity of the anti-FLAG antibody correlated with neutralizing potency, underscoring the dominant impact on neutralization of antibody binding to the envelope glycoproteins.
Towards an analog system design environment (1989)

An analog circuit design environment and its key features are presented. These are multifunctionality, advanced modeling, novel simulation approaches, general sizing algorithms, hierarchy, and automatic and interactive layout generation capabilities. Also, several developments in the field of analog design automation are discussed.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
VLSI design for reliability (1990)

This report describes the work accomplished during the period Jan 89 to Jan 90 on reliability analysis of VLSI CMOS circuits for electromigration prevention. The work involved three subtasks: (1) development of probabilistic simulation techniques to replace expensive exhaustive circuit simulation, (2) extraction and modeling of transistor circuit description and parasitics from layout, and (3) extraction of metal bus and line models from layout, and calculation of the current densities. In probabilistic simulation, new techniques for computing expected and variance current and voltage waveforms in CMOS circuits are developed and implemented in the program CREST. A proof that electromigration median-time-to-failure predictions are mathematically related to expected and variance current density waveforms in the busses is also given. For very large designs, transistor level probabilistic simulation, although significantly faster than exhaustive deterministic circuit simulation, is still not cost-effective. Thus the development of probabilistic macromodeling simulation techniques is initiated. Initial results show that such an approach is feasible. This will make it possible to include to include other technologies, such as BiCMOS.