gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
DoS Attacks on Your Memory in Cloud (2017)

In cloud computing, network Denial of Service (DoS) attacks are well studied and defenses have been implemented, but severe DoS attacks on a victim's working memory by a single hostile VM are not well understood. Memory DoS attacks are Denial of Service (or Degradation of Service) attacks caused by contention for hardware memory resources on a cloud server. Despite the strong memory isolation techniques for virtual machines (VMs) enforced by the software virtualization layer in cloud servers, the underlying hardware memory layers are still shared by the VMs and can be exploited by a clever attacker in a hostile VM co-located on the same server as the victim VM, denying the victim the working memory he needs. We first show quantitatively the severity of contention on different memory resources. We then show that a malicious cloud customer can mount low-cost attacks to cause severe performance degradation for a Hadoop distributed application, and 38X delay in response time for an E-commerce website in the Amazon EC2 cloud. Then, we design an effective, new defense against these memory DoS attacks, using a statistical metric to detect their existence and execution throttling to mitigate the attack damage. We achieve this by a novel re-purposing of existing hardware performance counters and duty cycle modulation for security, rather than for improving performance or power consumption. We implement a full prototype on the OpenStack cloud system. Our evaluations show that this defense system can effectively defeat memory DoS attacks with negligible performance overhead.
Granulocyte-Colony Stimulating Factor-Producing Pancreatic Adenosquamous Carcinoma Showing Aggressive Clinical Course (2009)

Herein, we encountered an 89-year-old woman with pancreatic cancer who presented with fever without infective focus, leukocytosis of 45,860 /microL, and elevation of serum granulocyte-colony stimulating factor (G-CSF). The patient could not receive any curative therapy due to an extremely aggressive clinical course. Specimens taken at necropsy revealed an adenosquamous carcinoma positive for G-CSF by immunohistochemistry; it was only the second reported case to date. She was finally diagnosed with G-CSF-producing pancreatic cancer. In light of the above, clinicians should consider the presence of G-CSF-producing tumors, including pancreatic cancer, when presented with patients showing leukocytosis of unknown origin and fever without infective focus.
Extraction of Carbon Dioxide and Hydrogen from Seawater by an Electrochemical Acidification Cell. Part 3. Scaled-up Mobile Unit Studies (Calendar Year 2011) (2012)

Abstract : An electrochemical acidification cell was developed and tested as a method for extracting large quantities of CO2 from seawater for use as a feedstock for jet-fuel synthesis at sea. After the technology was successfully demonstrated in the laboratory, it was scaled-up and integrated into a mobile skid design. This report details the results of four separate evaluations (January 22-27, April 25-29, July 11-5, August 28-September 1) of the electrochemical acidification cell performance as a function of pH, current, time, polarity reversal, and CO2 and H2 recovery.
Heteronuclear diatomic transition-metal cluster ions in the gas phase: reactions of ScFe+ with hydrocarbons (1989)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTHeteronuclear diatomic transition-metal cluster ions in the gas phase: reactions of ScFe+ with hydrocarbonsLeo M. Lech, Ben S. Freiser, and James R. GordCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1989, 111, 23, 8588–8592Publication Date (Print):November 1, 1989Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 November 1989https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00205a005https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00205a005research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views73Altmetric-Citations12LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Automated Detection and Quantification of COVID-19 Airspace Disease on Chest Radiographs (2021)

Our CNN trained with DRR using CT-derived airspace quantification achieved expert radiologist level of accuracy in the quantification of AD on CXR in patients with positive reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction test results for COVID-19.
On-body skin confined propagation for Body Area Networks (BAN) (2017)

The augmenting need for remote monitoring and treating patients by biophysical sensors interconnected via Body Area Networks (BAN) has recently called researchers' attention. The private and confidential transferred data in such application require high information security. One of the solutions is to use human body as a transmission channel. The body surface-confined transmission restricts the off-body detection, increasing the system security. Also, it reduces the interference between BAN users. For better understanding the body channel propagation mechanism, a lossy multilayered human body model, made of skin, fat, muscle tissues, is established for numeric analysis in this paper, using complex frequency dependent dielectric property for each tissue. Transverse Resonance Method is applied to calculate dispersion and attenuation in the propagation direction up to 60GHz. Since the tissue thickness varies with different localization and different person, 3 skin thicknesses, typically 0.5 mm, 1 mm, and 1.5 mm, are considered and compared.
In vitro maturation of oocytes alters gene expression and signaling pathways in bovine cumulus cells (2012)

In vitro maturation (IVM) of immature oocytes is widely used in assisted reproduction technologies in cattle, and is increasingly used to treat human infertility. The development competence of IVM oocytes, however, is lower than preovulatory, in vivo-matured oocytes. During maturation, cumulus cells (CC) are metabolically coupled with an oocyte and support the acquisition of its developmental potential. Our objective was to identify genes and pathways that were affected by IVM in bovine CC. Microarray transcriptomic analysis of CC enclosing in vitro- or in vivo-mature oocytes revealed 472 differentially expressed genes, including 28% related to apoptosis, correlating with twofold higher cell death after IVM than in vivo, as detected by TUNEL. Genes overexpressed after IVM were significantly enriched in functions involved in cell movement, focal adhesion, extracellular matrix function, and TGF-beta signaling, whereas under-expressed genes were enriched in regulating gene expression, energy metabolism, stress response, and MAP kinases pathway functions. Differential expression of 15 genes, including PAG11 (increased) and TXNIP (decreased), which were never detected in CC before, was validated by real-time RT-PCR. Moreover, protein quantification confirmed the lower abundance of glutathione S-transferase A1 and prostaglandin G/H synthase 2, and the higher abundance of hyaluronan synthase 2 and SMAD4, a member of TGF-beta pathway, in CC after IVM. Phosphorylation levels of SMAD2, MAPK3/1, and MAPK14, but not MAPK8, were higher after IVM that in vivo. In conclusion, IVM provokes the hyper-activation of TGF-beta and MAPK signaling components, modifies gene expression, leads to increased apoptosis in CC, and thus affects oocyte quality.
A Test Data Generation Tool for Unit Testing of C Programs (2006)

This paper describes a prototype tool, called SimC, which automatically generates test data for unit testing of C programs. The tool symbolically simulates the execution of the given program. It simulates pointer operations precisely. This makes it capable of generating test data for programs involving pointer and structure operations. Experiments on real-world programs including the GNU coreutils are presented. Some trade-offs of simulation schemes are also discussed
Analyses of the hidden units of the multi-layer perceptron and its application in acoustic-to-articulatory mapping (2002)

An artificial neural network (ANN) is applied to perform the task of acoustic-to-articulatory inversion. The objective is to model the highly nonlinear mapping from linear predictive coding (LPC) code to corresponding articulatory parameters with a multilayer perceptron ANN structure. Such information will facilitate the study of the relationships between the acoustic signal and the physical vocal tract which produces it. Several novel approaches for devising the ANN structure have been evaluated. Specifically, the performance of two learning algorithms, a backpropagation (BP) algorithm, and a random optimization (RM) algorithms, are compared. To reduce excessive, redundant hidden units in the multilayer perceptron model, a singular value decomposition is applied to either the weight matrix or the output covariance matrix of the hidden units to check their corresponding ranks. In both cases, their ranks are closely related to the number of essential decision regions in the input data.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Novel porphyrins from copper(II)-mediated cyclizations of 1',8'-dimethyl-A,C-biladiene salts: mechanism of the cyclization reaction (1985)

Copper(II)-mediated cyclizations of the 1',8'-dimethyl-a,c-biladiene 8 under various conditions afford the expected porphyrin 7, along with 7-methyl-(9), 7-(dialkylamino)-(10 and 11), 6-formyl-(12), and γ-formylporphyrins (13). Carbon-13-enriched a,c-biladienes (14 and 15) were used to establish the origins of the γ carbons, 7 substituents, and γ-formyl groups; possible mechanistic pathways for the formation of porphyrins by copper(II)-mediated cyclizations of 1,S'-dimethyl-a,c-biladiene salts are proposed. © 1985, American Chemical Society. All rights reserved.
Addendum to environmental and social management framework (2017)

The development objective of the Sindh Enhancing Response to Reduce Stunting Project for Pakistan is to contribute the reduction of the stunting rate in Sindh from 48 percent to 43 percent by the end of the project. Some of the negative impacts and mitigation measures include: (1) building on the proposed multi-sectoral actions for nutrition project (MSAN) in 13 districts to make villages open defecation free (ODF) named as Saaf Suthro Sindh (SSS), the accelerated action plan for reduction of stunting and malnutrition (AAP) plans to expand coverage across Sindh. In addition to supporting the ODF initiative, project will incentivize an enhanced program on hand washing; and (2) building on a flexible and demand driven approach to be piloted in 20 union councils of 4 districts under the MSAN project named as agriculture for nutrition (A4N), the department plans to scale up to 10 districts with a high incidence of stunting with nutrition sensitive interventions that will contribute to enhancing household food diversity and access to high nutritive value foods, especially of the poorest and most food insecure households; and to consumption of high nutrition content food, especially by pregnant-nursing women, children under five, and adolescents.
[Evaluation of IGL-1, a new organ preservation solution: preclinical results in renal transplantation]. (2005)

In animal renal transplantation, IGL-1 ensures better resumption of renal function than UW, which currently remains the "gold standard"preservation solution. Further studies must be conducted to determine whether this new generation solution can replace UW as the reference solution.
A monoclonal antibody specific for a cytochrome <i>c</i> T cell stimulatory peptide inhibits T cell responses and affects the way the peptide associates with antigen‐presenting cells (1991)

A monoclonal antibody (mAb) specific for the 93-104 segment of pigeon cytochrome c (cyt) was shown to block interleukin 2 production and proliferation by pigeon cyt-specific T cells in response to the pigeon cyt 81-104 peptide using either the LK35.2 B cell hybridoma or normal splenocytes as antigen-presenting cells (APC). The mAb inhibited the response to soluble peptide antigen presented by metabolically inactive paraformaldehyde-fixed APC but not the response to APC that were pre-pulsed with Ag. These results suggest that the mAb blocked the formation of peptide-major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class II molecule complexes at the cell surface but did not displace the peptide once bound to the MHC class II molecule. As determined by direct binding experiments using labeled peptide, the major means of free peptide association with live APC was fluid-phase endocytosis. No free peptide associated directly with the MHC class II molecule at the cell surface near 0 degrees C since APC pulsed with peptide on ice did not activate cyt-specific T cells. The mAb enhanced the association of the radiolabeled peptide with APC at 4 degrees C apparently by binding of the peptide-mAb complex to Fc receptors. By stripping molecules from the LK35.2 cell surface using a nonspecific protease it was shown that the peptide-mAb complexes were not internalized either at 4 degrees C or 37 degrees C. Since the mAb was found to stably bind the peptide at pH levels below that of endosomes (pH 5.5-6.2) even if the peptide-mAb complexes were taken up by fluid-phase endocytosis, it is likely that the peptide would not be able to associate with MHC class II molecules inside the APC. This mAb appears to inhibit T cell activation by blocking the formation of peptide-MHC class II molecule complexes at the cell surface and by interfering with uptake of the peptide into endosomes. Therefore, it is different from other antibodies that have been reported to block T cell receptor recognition of preformed peptide/MHC class II molecule complexes.
Increasing cytostatic effects of ricin A chain and Staphylococcus aureus enterotoxin A through in vitro hydrophobization with fatty acid residues (1990)

In order to impart an ability for receptor-independent transmembrane transfer to water-soluble proteins, it has been suggested that they be hydrophobized by lipid groups (fatty acids, etc.). To this end, systems of reversed micelles of surfactants in organic solvents were used as reaction media for protein modification. It was shown that after introduction of a hydrophobic anchor (stearic acid residue) the toxic effect of ricin A-chain (in the absence of B-chain) on intact cells became very close to that of the native toxin. As a result of stearic acid acylation, the activity of Staphylococcal enterotoxin A increased by nearly 1.5-2 orders. The observed phenomena can be explained by receptor-independent intracellular translocation of the hydrophobized toxins.
An artificial neural network approach for screening test escapes (2017)

In this paper we investigate the application of an artificial neural network (ANN) for screening test escapes. Specifically, we propose to train an autoencoder, an ANN, in an unsupervised way to fit the good chip population, i.e. using good chips only as the training set. The autoencoder is designed with both its input and output layers representing a set of features that characterize the test data of the chips under test, where we use the Euclidean distance between the values in the input and output layers as the cost function for training. Based on the trained autoencoder, if the test measurement of a query chip has an abnormally large value for the cost function, the chip is likely to be a test escape because it does not fit the characteristics of the good chip population captured by the model. We demonstrate that an autoencoder-based classification could achieve a higher detection rate for test escapes and a significant reduction in runtime and memory usage, compared with an SVM applied on the same features and some additional proximity features generated from multiple nonlinear transformations.
Cross-Linking of T Cell Mitogens: Effects on B and T Cell Proliferation and Immunoglobulin Synthesis (1977)

The T cell mitogens Pa-2, concanavalin A (con A) and its dimeric derivative succinyl-con A, were each cross-linked with the bifunctional reagent dimethyl suberimidate. Although the dose-response curves of these insoluble aggregated products were markedly changed from those of the soluble mitogens, each aggregate continued to stimulate DNA synthesis by murine thymus and T cells. Both aggregated Pa-2 and aggregated succinyl con A stimulated DNA synthesis by B cells from athymic (Nu/Nu) mice. Aggregated con A did not stimulate these cells and, like soluble con A, depressed the background incorporation of 3H-thymidine. Unlike soluble Pa-2, aggregated Pa-2 also greatly increased Ig production by both the B cell cultures and B + T cell cultures from normal (BALB/c) mice.
Supporting Trust Calibration and the Effective Use of Decision Aids by Presenting Dynamic System Confidence Information (2006)

The findings from this research can inform the design of decision support systems in a variety of event-driven high-tempo domains.
Direct Viscosity Enhancement of Carbon Dioxide (1989)

A high pressure, visual, falling-cylinder viscometer has been designed for use over a wide range of temperature and pressure, including near-critical and supercritical conditions. The viscometer consists of a precision-bore glass capillary which is contained within a high pressure windowed cell. The terminal velocity an aluminum cylinder falling through this tube was used to determine fluid viscosity. A vent at the bottom of the tube eliminated any pressure differential across the tube wall. This viscometer was used in the evaluation of several additives which were thought to have the potential of enhancing the viscosity of dense carbon dioxide when present in dilute concentrations. Solutions of liquid CO2 which were saturated with several surfactants did not have viscosities significantly different from pure CO2, even when water was introduced into the system to stabilize and swell any micelles. Tri-n-butyltin fluoride forms weakly associating, linear polymers in light alkanes if its concentration is greater than about 0.3 weight percent. Although tri-n-butyltin fluoride is very soluble in pentane (29 weight percent) at ambient temperature, the use of pentane as a cosolvent did not increase the solubility of this compound in CO2 (0.13 weight percent). High pressure mixtures of the semi-fluorinated alkanes in CO2 did result in the formation of stable gels due to the microfibrillar morphology of the small excess amount of the semi-fluorinated alkane in the saturated liquid. This class of compound does, therefore, have potential for applications in which dramatic increases in CO2 viscosity are desired.
Resource management in data-intensive clouds: Opportunities and challenges (2010)

Today's cloud computing platforms have seen much success in running compute-bound applications with time-varying or one-time needs. In this position paper, we will argue that the cloud paradigm is also well suited for handling data-intensive applications, characterized by the processing and storage of data produced by high-bandwidth sensors or streaming applications. The data rates and the processing demands vary over time for many such applications, making the on-demand cloud paradigm a good match for their needs. However, today's cloud platforms need to evolve to meet the storage, communication, and processing demands of data-intensive applications. We present an ongoing GENI project to connect high-bandwidth radar sensor networks with computational and storage resources in the cloud and use this example to highlight the opportunities and challenges in designing end-to-end data-intensive cloud systems.
Analysis of HPV 18 E6/E7 oncogenes expression in association with DNA amplification from integrated HPV segments in HeLa cells (2005)

aa -amino acid bp -base pair BPV 1 -Bovine Papillomavirus 1 cdk -cyclin dependent kinase CMV -cytomegalovirus CR -conserved region DNA -deoxyribonucleic acid DTT -dithiotreitol GFP -green fluorescent protein E1BS -binding site for the E1 protein E2BS -binding site for the E2 protein E6-AP -E6-associated protein EDTA -ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid EGFP -enhanced green fluorescent protein FACS -fluorescence activated cell sorter FCS -fetal calf serum FITC -fluorescein isothiocyanate HDAC -histone
Multi-Camera Topology Recovery from Coherent Motion (2007)

Given a surveillance system with many cameras, which cover a wide and complex area, it is important to know the camera network topology. I.e., which cameras have overlapping fields of view. This is useful for inferring 3D structure and tracking. The computational model assumed in this paper is that each camera has its own computing unit able to perform simple processing operations and is connected via a communication network to all the other cameras. Due to the similar nature of the scenes photographed by the cameras, it might be hard to compute the overlap by matching features. This paper therefore suggests to accomplish the task automatically, using a distributed algorithm. Each camera detects motion locally and transmits the detected motion position to the other cameras. The overlap is detected by searching for correlations defined by simultaneous activity in image regions. The areas of these regions are chosen so that they optimize the number of frames required to determine whether there is an overlap and to reduce the number of false decisions. Each camera determines the number of regions based on the amount of motion detected in its field of view. The algorithm has been implemented and tested both in simulated and real multi-camera image sequences.
Sweat Mineral-Element Responses during 7 h of Exercise-Heat Stress (2007)

Sweat sodium, potassium, and calcium losses during multiple hours of sustained sweating can be predicted from initial sweat composition. Estimates of sweat zinc losses, however, will be overestimated if sweat zinc conservation is not accounted for in sweat zinc-loss estimates.