gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
C19-Steroid Metabolism by Canine Prostate, Epididymis and Perianal Glands. Application of the Twin-Ion Technique of Gas Chromatography/Mass Spectrometry to Establish 7alpha-Hydroxylation (1980)

The present study applied the twin-ion technique of gas chromatography/mass spectrometry to establish 7 alpha-hydroxylation of 5 alpha-androstane-3 beta, 17 beta-diol by canine prostate, epididymis and perianal glands. 5 alpha-[4-14C, 7 beta-2H0.52]Androstane-3 beta, 17 beta-diol (0.5 microM) was incubated for 60 min at 37 degrees C with minced canine prostate and epididymis in 50 ml 0.067 M phosphate buffer (pH 7.4) containing NADPH (0.2 mM). The principal radioactive metabolite fraction was isopolar in thin-layer chromatography with 5 alpha-androstane-3 beta, 7 alpha, 17 beta-triol and contained 24% (prostate incubation) and 23% (epididymis incubation) of the radioactivity added. Following gas chromatography of the trimethylsilyl ether derivative of these metabolites, the peak with the retention time of the derivative of 5 alpha-androstane-3 beta, 7 alpah, 17 beta-triol yielded a mass spectrum consistent with that of the authentic standard triol and gave the characteristic twin-ion, though with some loss of deuterium. Incubation of 5 alpha-[4-14C, 7 beta-2H0.46]dihydrotestosterone (7 microM) and minced canine perianal glands and NADPH (0.2 mM) gave in 5% yield a transformation product with an RF-value of 5 alpha-androstane-3 beta, 7 alpha, 17 beta-triol. One half of the chromatographic fraction was subjected to gas chromatography/mass spectrometry as the free steroid, the other as the CrO3-oxidation product. The site of hydroxylation was identified as 7 alpha from the gas chromatography retention time of the free 7 beta-deuterated (twin-ion) triol and mass-spectrometry loss of deuterium in the 3,7,17-trione produced by mild CrO3 oxidation. Results of a comparative study of the metabolism of [4-14C]testosterone and 5 alpha-dihydro[4-14C]-testosterone with minced canine perianal glands and shoulder skin showed that, whereas both tissues contain a high level of 3 beta-hydroxysteroid oxidoreductase, only the perianal glands were able to transform radioactive testosterone to the 5 alpha-reduced derivatives and thence to the 7 alpha-hydroxylated product.
Design goals and solutions for display of hyperspectral images (2005)

Design goals and solutions are proposed for the display of hyperspectral imagery on tristimulus displays. The requirements of a hyperspectral visualization depend on the task. We focus on creating consistent representations of hyperspectral data that can facilitate understanding and analysis of hyperspectral scenes, and may be used in conjunction with task-specific visualizations. Fixed linear spectral weighting envelopes are given, creating natural-looking imagery where hue, brightness, saturation, and whitepoint have meanings consistent with the human visual system interpretation of natural scenes. For Airborne Visible/Infrared Imaging Spectrometer images, hue interpretation of water and vegetation is also preserved. The proposed designs avoid the preattentive distractions of principal component analysis imagery, and appear to provide comparable or enhanced spectral and edge discriminability.
Sensor Error Model for a Uniform Linear Array (2008)

We derive a measurement error model for a uniform linear array whose output is the bearing to a single narrowband acoustic source. The measurement error depends on various array as well as environmental parameters, which include the number of hydrophones in the array, spacing between adjacent hydrophones, frequency of the acoustic signal, speed of sound and signal-to-noise ratio. Most importantly, we show that the measurement error is a function of the true bearing from the array to the acoustic source.
Remote Terminal Units for Distribution Automation: Development and Commissioning Experience (2008)

This paper describes indigenous design, development, and commissioning of Remote Terminal Units (RTUs) for computer-aided monitoring and control of 10 MVA power distribution network of Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur in India. RTUs play a significant role in data monitoring and control of the power distribution network from a remote location. Remote monitoring and control of the distribution system is also called Distribution Automation (DA). The developed and commissioned RTUs are based on an architecture that eliminates the requirement of DC transducer stage. This significantly reduces the cost and size of the RTU and the effort required during installation and commissioning of the RTU. The developed RTUs support the industry standard open protocol “Distributed Network Protocol (DNP3.0)” for data communication.
Oversupply of Free Fatty Acids to the Systemic Circulation is Not a Distinct Feature of Insulin Resistance or Obesity (2013)

Measurements of free fatty acid (FFA), also known to as non-esterified fatty acid, and glucose kinetics have shown that obese individuals have adipose tissue that is insulin resistant [Jensen MD, Nielsen S. Metabolism 2007]. It is commonly thought that oversupply of FFA is a major contributor to the development of insulin resistance in obesity. This article discusses the known molecular mechanisms for the phenomenon of insulin resistance in adipose tissue and challenged the notion of oversupply of FFA in obesity.
Synthesis of novel Z-scheme AgI/Ag/AgBr composite with enhanced visible light photocatalytic activity (2012)

Novel Z-scheme AgI/Ag/AgBr composite was synthesized through a facile in-situ ion exchange method along with light reduction. The as-prepared AgI/Ag/AgBr was characterized by XRD, SEM, DRS, XPS, EDS, BET and PL technology to study its phase structures, morphologies, optical properties, element components and surface areas. AgI/Ag/AgBr displayed excellent photocatalytic activity for the degradation of methyl orange under visible light ( λ > 420 nm), which can be ascribed to the efficient separation of photogenerated electrons and holes through Z-scheme system composed of AgI, Ag and AgBr. The photocatalytic mechanism investigation demonstrates that •O 2 − was the main reactive species for methyl orange (MO) degradation. ► Novel Z-scheme AgI/Ag/AgBr composite was reported for the first time. ► AgI/Ag/AgBr was prepared by ion exchange method followed by light reduction. ► AgI/Ag/AgBr displayed excellent visible light photocatalytic activity. ► The resulting •O 2 − played the major roles for MO degradation. ► Photo-induced carriers can be effectively separated by Z-scheme AgI/Ag/AgBr.
Asynchronous low power VLSI implementation of the International Data Encryption Algorithm (2002)

An asynchronous VLSI implementation of the International Data Encryption Algorithm (IDEA) is presented in this paper. In order to evaluate the asynchronous design, a synchronous version of the algorithm was also designed. The VHDL hardware description language was used in order to describe the algorithm. By using Synopsys commercially available tools, the VHDL code was synthesized. After placing and routing, both designs were fabricated with 0.6 /spl mu/m CMOS technology. With a system clock of up to 8 MHz and a power supply of 5 V, the two chips were tested and evaluated, comparing them with the software implementation of the IDEA algorithm. This new approach proves efficiently the lower power consumption of the asynchronous implementation compared to the existing synchronous one. Therefore the asynchronous chip performs efficiently in WEP (Wireless Encryption Protocols) and high speed networks.
Review of Text Reduction Algorithms and Text Reduction using Sentence Vectorization (2014)

The reduced text of a document is the collection of sentences that contains the important sentences containing keywords of the document. The authentic keywords extraction is the primary target for any text reduction algorithm. The presented survey shows the primary algorithm used for document summarization based on keywords. Also, the work presents a novel approach for keywords identification and in turn text reduction based on words histogram, the no. of sentences containing the words and knowledge corpus. The text summary is extracted using the sentence vectorization process. The sentence vectorization gives the sentences that have at least one of the key words in the sentence from the entire document. The algorithm works fine for the textual matter in the document in MS Notepad format. Factual information that is normally covered under double inverted comas is also given due attention in text summary.
On the interplay between audio compression and spatialization: bit-rate reduction without quality damage (2002)

In a MPEG-4 analytic audio scene, spatialization filters can be used after an audio coder. When properly tuned, a MPEG advanced audio coder (AAC), generates an inaudible distortion if a sufficient output bit-rate is available, and, more important in the context of our study, as long as the listener has direct access to the unprocessed output of the decoder. We show that using a spatialization filter after the decoder, as described in the MPEG-4 standard, may damage the perceived quality. We propose solutions and present a modified encoder working with a hearing model that includes all audio processing (including spatialization), which allows bit-rate reduction without quality damage.
Synthesis, Screening, and Molecular Modeling of New Potent and Selective Antagonists at the α<sub>1d</sub> Adrenergic Receptor (2004)

In the present study, more than 75 compounds structurally related to BMY 7378 have been designed and synthesized. Structural variations of each part of the reference molecule have been introduced, obtaining highly selective ligands for the alpha(1d) adrenergic receptor. The molecular determinants for selectivity at this receptor are essentially held by the phenyl substituent in the phenylpiperazine moiety. The integration of an extensive SAR analysis with docking simulations using the rhodopsin-based models of the three alpha(1)-AR subtypes and of the 5-HT(1A) receptor provides significant insights into the characterization of the receptor binding sites as well as into the molecular determinants of ligand selectivity at the alpha(1d)-AR and the 5-HT(1A) receptors. The results of multiple copies simultaneous search (MCSS) on the substituted phenylpiperazines together with those of manual docking of compounds BMY 7378 and 69 into the putative binding sites of the alpha(1a)-AR, alpha(1b)-AR, alpha(1d)-AR, and the 5-HT(1A) receptors suggest that the phenylpiperazine moiety would dock into a site formed by amino acids in helices 3, 4, 5, 6 and extracellular loop 2 (E2), whereas the spirocyclic ring of the ligand docks into a site formed by amino acids of helices 1, 2, 3, and 7. This docking mode is consistent with the SAR data produced in this work. Furthermore, the binding site of the imide moiety does not allow for the simultaneous involvement of the two carbonyl oxygen atoms in H-bonding interactions, consistent with the SAR data, in particular with the results obtained with the lactam derivative 128. The results of docking simulations also suggest that the second and third extracellular loops may act as selectivity filters for the substituted phenylpiperazines. The most potent and selective compounds for alpha(1d) adrenergic receptor, i.e., 69 (Rec 26D/038) and 128 (Rec 26D/073), are characterized by the presence of the 2,5-dichlorophenylpiperazine moiety.
Visual continuity across saccades is influenced by expectations (2016)

As we make saccades, the image on each retina is displaced, yet our visual perception is uninterrupted. This is commonly referred to as transsaccadic perceptual stability, but such a description is inadequate. Some visual objects are stable (e.g., rocks) and should be perceived as such across saccades, but other objects may move at any time (e.g., birds). Stability is probabilistic in natural scenes. Here we extend the common notion of transsaccadic visual stability to a more general, ecologically based hypothesis of transsaccadic visual continuity in which postsaccadic percepts of objects depend on expectations about their probability of movement. Subjects made a saccade to a target and reported whether it seemed displaced after the saccade. Targets had varying probabilities of movement (ranging from 0.1-0.9) that corresponded to their color (spectrum from blue to red). Performance was compared before and after subjects were told about the color-probability pairings ("uninformed" vs. "informed" conditions). Analyses focused on signal detection and psychometric threshold measures. We found that in the uninformed condition, performance was similar across color-probability pairings, but in the informed condition, response biases varied with probability of movement, and movement-detection sensitivities were higher for rarely moving targets. We conclude that subjects incorporate priors about object movement into their judgments of visual continuity across saccades.
A Unique Human Norovirus Lineage with a Distinct HBGA Binding Interface (2015)

Norovirus (NoV) causes epidemic acute gastroenteritis in humans, whereby histo-blood group antigens (HBGAs) play an important role in host susceptibility. Each of the two major genogroups (GI and GII) of human NoVs recognizes a unique set of HBGAs through a distinct binding interface that is conserved within a genogroup, indicating a distinct evolutionary path for each genogroup. Here, we characterize a Lewis a (Lea) antigen binding strain (OIF virus) in the GII.21 genotype that does not share the conserved GII binding interface, revealing a new evolution lineage with a distinct HBGA binding interface. Sequence alignment showed that the major residues contributing to the new HBGA binding interface are conserved among most members of the GII.21, as well as a closely related GII.13 genotype. In addition, we found that glycerol inhibits OIF binding to HBGAs, potentially allowing production of cheap antivirals against human NoVs. Taken together, our results reveal a new evolutionary lineage of NoVs selected by HBGAs, a finding that is important for understanding the diversity and widespread nature of NoVs.
Diluted magnetic (semimagnetic) semiconductors (1987)

These proceedings collect papers from a symposium on semiconductors. Topics include: magnetism of (Cd, Mn) Te alloys, cadmium-manganese-tellurium systems, cadmium-manganese-selenium systems, magnetic properties of Pb/sub 1-x/Gd/sub x/Te, ion-carrier exchange interactions, NMR and EPR studies of semimagnetic semiconductors at low temperatures, magnetic properties of Gd-substituted yttrium nitride, and optical properties of (Pb, Eu) Te thin films and superlattices.
Diffractive multifocal intraocular lens implants for unilateral cataracts in prepresbyopic patients. (1992)

Multifocal intraocular lenses allow pseudophakic patients to obtain good near and distance visual acuities without an additional near correction. We report our experiences in implanting diffractive multifocal intraocular lenses in prepresbyopic patients with acquired unilateral cataracts and assess their postoperative visual acuities and stereoscopic vision. Accommodative function in patients following cataract surgery is discussed.
Pengaruh Kinerja Mitra Binaan (UMKM) Terhadap Pertumbuhan Ekonomi Di Indonesia (Studi Kasus : UMKM Mitra Binaan CSR&SMEPP Jatim BaliNus MOR V) (2017)

Pertumbuhan ekonomi Indonesia tak terlepas dari peran Usaha Mikro Kecil Menengah (UMKM) yang mayoritas berbasis padat karya. Dengan kata lain Indonesia memiliki penawaran tenaga kerja yang cukup berlimpah. Untuk merespon positif hal tersebut pemerintah memberikan kebijakan pada setiap BUMN agar memberikan bantuan dan binaan kemitraan, khususnya UMKM. Salah satu BUMN tersebut adalah PT. Pertamina yang bergerak pada sektor gas dan minyak bumi. Dalam penelitian kali ini mengangkat studi kasus mitra binaan PT. Pertamina MOR V area Jawa Timur, Bali, dan Nusa Tenggara. Menggunakan metode pengolahan FEM (Fixed Effect Model) yang bertujuan untuk melihat pengaruh jumlah mitra binaan (UMKM), pendapatan operasional mitra binaan, pendapatan bunga CSR&SMEPP PT Pertamina JATIM BALINUS MOR V, dan tenaga kerja mitra binaan wilayah JATIM BALINUS terhadap pertumbuhan ekonomi di Indonesia dengan wilayah Jawa Timur, Bali dan Nusa Tenggara periode 2007-2015. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pengaruh jumlah mitra binaan (UMKM) dan tenaga kerja secara berurut-turut negatif dan positif signifikan terhadap pertumbuhan ekonomi Indonesia wilayah Jawa Timur, Bali dan Nusa Tenggara. Sedangkan untuk pendapatan operasional dan pendapatan bunga tidak signifikan mempengaruhi pertumbuhan ekonomi Indonesia wilayah Jawa Timur, Bali dan Nusa Tenggara.
Changes of plasma renin activity and atrial natriuretic factor during intravenous nicardipine treatment of severe hypertension. (1989)

Intravenous nicardipine was given to 32 severe hypertensive patients in an increasing dose, titration fashion. Samples for plasma renin activity and plasma atrial natriuretic factor concentration were obtained at the following times: before treatment, at the time of titration response and at the end of a maintenance period. The mean time required to achieve the titration response was 29 min. Plasma renin activity was increased by 32% (p less than 0.05) at the titration response and 181% (p less than 0.005) at the end of an 8-12 h maintenance nicardipine infusion. Atrial natriuretic factor concentration was unchanged from baseline at titration response and was decreased by 25% (p less than 0.005) at the end of maintenance. Mean plasma nicardipine dose was 6.95 mg/h at the titration response and 8.76 mg/h at the end of maintenance. These results suggest that alterations in plasma renin activity and atrial natriuretic factor concentrations may be associated with blood pressure reduction rather than with a direct drug action on release mechanisms.
A comprehensive Chinese experience against SARS-CoV-2 in ophthalmology (2020)

The 2019 novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19) has now swept through the continents and poses a global threat to public health. Several investigations have been conducted to identify whether COVID-19 can be transmitted through the ocular route, and the conclusion is that it is a potential route but remains uncertain. Due to the face-to-face communication with patients, frequent exposure to tears and ocular discharge, and the unavoidable use of equipment which requires close proximity, ophthalmologists carry a high risk of contracting severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). Based on 33 articles published by Chinese scholars, guidelines and clinical practice experience in domestic hospitals, we have summarized the Chinese experience through the lens of ophthalmology, hoping to make a contribution to protecting ophthalmologists and patients around the world.
Selective small-molecule inhibitor reveals critical mitotic functions of human CDK1 (2006)

CDK1 is a nonredundant cyclin-dependent kinase (CDK) with an essential role in mitosis, but its multiple functions still are poorly understood at a molecular level. Here we identify a selective small-molecule inhibitor of CDK1 that reversibly arrests human cells at the G(2)/M border of the cell cycle and allows for effective cell synchronization in early mitosis. Inhibition of CDK1 during cell division revealed that its activity is necessary and sufficient for maintaining the mitotic state of the cells, preventing replication origin licensing and premature cytokinesis. Although CDK1 inhibition for up to 24 h is well tolerated, longer exposure to the inhibitor induces apoptosis in tumor cells, suggesting that selective CDK1 inhibitors may have utility in cancer therapy.
Design and synthesis of multisubstrate analog inhibitors of one-carbon transfer reactions. (1986)

The design and synthesis of multisubstrate analog enzyme inhibitors offer new opportunities in the creation of potent, highly specific drug molecules. Selected examples of inhibitors of 1-carbon transfer serve to illustrate the potential of this approach. Inhibitors of indole-N-methyltransferase, L-aspartyl transcarbamoylase, and thymidylate synthase are illustrative of many compounds that have demonstrated considerable specificity and potency. Several of these inhibitors and the rationale for their syntheses are described.
Characterizing Asymmetric Collaborative Interactions in Virtual and Augmented Realities (2019)

We present an assessment of asymmetric interactions in Collaborative Virtual Environments (CVEs). In our asymmetric setup, two co-located users interact with virtual 3D objects, one in immersive Virtual Reality (VR) and the other in mobile Augmented Reality (AR). We conducted a study with 36 participants to evaluate performance and collaboration aspects of pair work, and compare it with two symmetric scenarios, either with both users in immersive VR or mobile AR. To perform this experiment, we adopt a collaborative AR manipulation technique from literature and develop and evaluate a VR manipulation technique of our own. Our results indicate that pairs in asymmetric VR-AR achieved significantly better performance than the AR symmetric condition, and similar performance to VR symmetric. Regardless of the condition, pairs had similar work participation indicating a high cooperation level even when there is a visualization and interaction asymmetry between the participants.
Photon‐Upconverting Ionic Liquids: Effective Triplet Energy Migration in Contiguous Ionic Chromophore Arrays (2015)

Inspired by the bicontinuous ionic-network structure of ionic liquids (ILs), we developed a new family of photofunctional ILs which show efficient triplet energy migration among contiguously arrayed ionic chromophores. A novel fluorescent IL, comprising an aromatic 9,10-diphenylanthracene 2-sulfonate anion and an alkylated phosphonium cation, showed pronounced interactions between chromophores, as revealed by its spectral properties. Upon dissolving a triplet sensitizer, the IL demonstrated photon upconversion based on triplet-triplet annihilation (TTA-UC). Interestingly, the TTA-UC process in the chromophoric IL was optimized at a much lower excitation intensity compared to the previous nonionic liquid TTA-UC system. The superior TTA-UC in this IL system is characterized by a relatively high triplet diffusion constant (1.63×10(-6) cm(2) s(-1)) which is ascribed to the presence of ionic chromophore networks in the IL.
Eigenvalue communication (1993)

The authors propose a communication method for a nonlinear and dispersive medium such as an optical fiber that is based on eigenvalues of associated equations for the wave amplitude. In optical communications, the communication distance measured by the carrier wavelength reaches the order of 10/sup 11/-10/sup 13/. As a result, dispersive and nonlinear effects, even if small, contribute significantly to the distortion of signal information contained in waveforms or in frequency spectra. Thus, it is desirable to use other parameters which remain unaltered. The eigenvalues of the associated equation for the nonlinear Schrodinger equation which describes the lightwave envelope in fibers constitute such parameters. Soliton-based communication corresponds to the case of one eigenvalue.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>