gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
MATERIAL CHARACTERIZATION BASED ON INSTRUMENTED AND SIMULATED INDENTATION TESTS (2009)

This paper reviews various techniques to characterize material by interpreting load-displacement data from instrumented indentation tests. Scaling and dimensionless analysis was used to generalize the universal relationships between the characteristics of indentation curves and their material properties. The dimensionless functions were numerically calibrated via extensive finite element analysis. The interpretation of load-displacement curves from the established relationships was thus carried out by either solving higher order functions iteratively or employing neural networks. In this study, the advantages and disadvantages of these techniques are highlighted. Several issues in an instrumented indentation test such as friction, size effect and uniqueness of reverse analysis algorithms are discussed. In this study, a new reverse algorithm via neural network models to extract the mechanical properties by dual Berkovich and spherical indentation tests is introduced. The predicted material properties based on the proposed neural network models agree well with the numerical input data.
Robot Imports and Employment Location Choice (2023)

As the “pearl at the top of the manufacturing industry,” the widespread use of robots is affecting the employment decisions of individual workers. This paper contributes to our understanding of this subject by analyzing the impact of imports of industrial robots on employment location choice at the inter-provinces level in China. The analysis applies a logit approach to microdata from the China Customs Database and China Labor Dynamics Survey. The results suggest that robot import positively affects employment location choice, supporting the theory of “coexistence” between intelligent robots and the labor force. Specifically, industrial robots attract skilled workers via the creation effect and drive away routine labor via the substitution effect, but the creation effect is greater than the substitution effect. Finally, the authors discuss the channels from the perspectives of “skill-biased” and “routine-biased.”
An adaptive calibration of an infrared light device used for gaze tracking (2003)

In this study, the measurement of gaze position is used to indicate the areas that attract the subject's attention in an image. An infrared light device is used to provide the horizontal and vertical eye movement. The calibration procedure is studied to perform the mapping between equipment coordinates and the image coordinates. A polynomial transformation of higher order is used to model this mapping by using a mean square error criterion. The method developed here allows an adaptive correction of the measured gaze positon according to user's characteristics.
Expression of Telomerase‐associated Genes: Reflection of Telomerase Activity in Gastric Cancer? (2001)

Telomerase activation is a characteristic of immortalized tumor cells but not of normal cells. Telomerase activity has been detected in approximately 85% of malignant tumors, and assaying for telomerase activity is thought to be useful for diagnosing cancer. Three telomerase-associated molecules [human telomerase RNA component (hTR), telomerase-associated protein (TEP1), and human telomerase reverse transcriptase (hTERT)] have been cloned. We semiquantitatively measured telomerase activity and the expression of these genes in cancerous and noncancerous regions of gastric cancer patients. We also investigated whether the expression of these genes correlated with telomerase activity. Telomerase activity in cancerous regions was significantly higher than in noncancerous regions, but there was no correlation between telomerase activity and the expression of these genes. Furthermore, no clear difference was observed between cancerous and noncancerous regions. These data indicate that the level of three telomerase-associated genes (i.e., hTR, TEP1 mRNA, hTERT mRNA), do not reflect telomerase activity, and the RNA levels of these genes are not useful markers for diagnosing gastric cancer.
Clinical development of talimogene laherparepvec (T-VEC): a modified herpes simplex virus type-1–derived oncolytic immunotherapy (2015)

Tumor immunotherapy is emerging as a promising new treatment option for patients with cancer. T-VEC is an intralesional oncolytic virus therapy based on a modified herpes simplex virus type-1. T-VEC selectively targets tumor cells, causing regression in injected lesions and inducing immunologic responses that mediate regression at uninjected/distant sites. In a randomized phase III trial, T-VEC met its primary endpoint of improving the durable response rate vs granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor in patients with unresectable melanoma. Responses were observed in injected and uninjected regional and visceral lesions. Exploratory analyses suggested survival differences in favor of T-VEC in patients with untreated or stage IIIB/IIIC/IVM1a disease. T-VEC was generally well tolerated, the most common adverse events being flu-like symptoms. Here, we overview recent advances in cancer immunotherapy, focusing on the clinical development of T-VEC, from first-in-human studies and studies in other cancer types, to ongoing combination trials with checkpoint inhibitors.
A model of the heme site of cytochrome P-450: Characterization of a sulfhydryl- and imidazole-containing peptide-heme system in solution. (1979)

The absorption and electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectral properties of model systems consisting of sulfhydryl- and imidazole-containing peptides (mercaptoacetylhistidine, β-mercaptopropionylhistidine, mercaptoacetylglycylhistidine and mercaptoacetylalanylhistidine) and hemin were studied at pH 7.2. In these systems, mixed spin states of ferric heme were observed, and analysis of the EPR data indicated the formation of three different types of complex. Addition of pyridine to these systems caused a spin transition to a single type of low spin state ferric heme, indicating the formation of-S■-Fe (III)-N coordination. The ligand-field parameters of low spin species of the model systems were calculated and compared with those of cytochrome P-450. A possible reaction sequence and proposed structures of the model complexes formed in the reaction between hemin and peptides in solution are presented.
Introduction (2011)

The introduction frames the project in relation to three clusters of issues: the conceptualization of religion in the modern West, the role of religion in politics, and recent, non-traditionalist interpretations of Hegel’s idealism. Lively recent scholarship has drawn attention to the impact and the Protestant background of modern Western concepts of religion, yet they have paid little attention to contestations among Protestants over the concept of religion. The history of the conceptualization of religion has also had tremendous consequences for debates over religion and the public sphere. In the recent work of scholars from John Rawls to Jeffrey Stout as well as in broader public discourse, these latter debates continue to rage. These issues provide the context for taking up Hegel’s philosophy of religion in relation to recent scholarship on Hegel that rejects more traditional interpretations of his project as a kind of cosmic monism.
The Cation-Responsive Protein NhaR of <i>Escherichia coli</i> Activates <i>pgaABCD</i> Transcription, Required for Production of the Biofilm Adhesin Poly-β-1,6- <i>N</i> -Acetyl- <scp>d</scp> -Glucosamine (2006)

The pgaABCD operon of Escherichia coli is required for production of the biofilm adhesin poly-beta-1,6-N-acetyl-d-glucosamine (PGA). We establish here that NhaR, a DNA-binding protein of the LysR family of transcriptional regulators, activates transcription of this operon. Disruption of the nhaR gene decreased biofilm formation without affecting planktonic growth. PGA production was undetectable in an nhaR mutant strain. Expression of a pgaA'-'lacZ translational fusion was induced by NaCl and alkaline pH, but not by CaCl(2) or sucrose, in an nhaR-dependent fashion. Primer extension and quantitative real-time reverse transcription-PCR analyses further revealed that NhaR affects the steady-state level of pga mRNA. A purified recombinant NhaR protein bound specifically and with high affinity within the pgaABCD promoter region; one apparent binding site overlaps the -35 element, and a second site lies immediately upstream of the first. This protein was necessary and sufficient for activation of in vitro transcription from the pgaA promoter. These results define a novel mechanism for regulation of biofilm formation in response to environmental conditions and suggest an expanded role for NhaR in promoting bacterial survival.
The Torsin-family AAA+ Protein OOC-5 Contains a Critical Disulfide Adjacent to Sensor-II That Couples Redox State to Nucleotide Binding (2008)

A subgroup of the AAA+ proteins that reside in the endoplasmic reticulum and the nuclear envelope including human torsinA, a protein mutated in hereditary dystonia, is called the torsin family of AAA+ proteins. A multiple-sequence alignment of this family with Hsp100 proteins of known structure reveals a conserved cysteine in the C-terminus of torsin proteins within the Sensor-II motif. A structural model predicts this cysteine to be a part of an intramolecular disulfide bond, suggesting that it may function as a redox sensor to regulate ATPase activity. In vitro experiments with OOC-5, a torsinA homolog from Caenorhabditis elegans, demonstrate that redox changes that reduce this disulfide bond affect the binding of ATP and ADP and cause an attendant local conformational change detected by limited proteolysis. Transgenic worms expressing an ooc-5 gene with cysteine-to-serine mutations that disrupt the disulfide bond have a very low embryo hatch rate compared with wild-type controls, indicating these two cysteines are essential for OOC-5 function. We propose that the Sensor-II in torsin family proteins is a redox-regulated sensor. This regulatory mechanism may be central to the function of OOC-5 and human torsinA.
A Randomized, Controlled Clinical Trial of a Novel Intravesical Pressure Attenuation Device for the Treatment of Stress Urinary Incontinence (2013)

Minimally invasive treatment for female stress urinary incontinence with a first-generation intravesical pressure attenuation device was safe and effective when evaluated by a composite end point. For those patients that can tolerate the device, the concept of pressure attenuation as a therapy for stress urinary incontinence is valid and feasible. Further modifications are anticipated for this device potentially resulting in improved outcomes.
Na-Fe-S-O System As Cathode Materials for Na-Ion Batteries: An Ab Initio Study (2014)

Sodium-ion rechargeable batteries have been attracting increasing interest as a cost effective alternative to lithium-ion batteries, particular for larger energy storage systems. However, sodium system has the intrinsic drawback of having lower voltage than lithium one. Exploration of cathode materials containing polyanions can led to high voltages and therefore is a meaningful remedy. Experiences gained in the studies of lithium battery show that sulphates (Li 2 Fe(SO 4 ) 2 ) deliver the highest voltage (3.83 V vs Li/Li + ) among polyanions such as phosphates and silicates due to the high formal charge of S and inductive effects[1]. The Na-Fe-S-O system also has the advantage of composing of elements high in natural abundances and low in costs. In exploring the Na-Fe-S-O system, our group found some new phases[2]. One of these can extract nearly all the Na atoms in the formula unit at an average voltage of 3.6 V vs Na/Na + . This is a significant improvement over the known Fe 2 (SO 4 ) 3 in the Nasicon phase[3], where only one Na atom can be inserted and at a lower voltage of 3.4 V vs Na/Na + . The rate capability and cycling performance are also very satisfactory. The new structure consists of peculiar edge sharing Fe 2 O 10 subunits forming tunnel spaces partially occupied by Na ions. In order to understand the structural origin of the excellent performance of this material we carried out ab initio study employing density functional theory. Migration activation energy ( E a ) calculations found that Na ions are very mobile in the structure with E a as low as 0.14 eV (Figure). This accounts for the high rate performance and hints at the application as solid-state electrolytes. On the voltage aspect, emphasis will be put on the origin of the higher voltage of the present system in comparison to the Nasicon phase. Theory for the trend of voltage in cathode material employing different polyanions is well known, however, it is highly controversial for polymorphs of compounds with the same chemical compositions. Phase behavior at different state of charge will also be discussed. References [1] J.B. Goodenough in H Reiss (Ed.) Progress in Solid State Chemistry , Vol 5. Pergamon Press, 1971, pp 145-387 [2] A. Yamada, P. Barpanda, S. Nishimura, G. Oyama, Patent JP-2013-187914 (2013). [3] A.K. Padhi, V. Manivannan, J.B. Goodenough, J. Electrochem. Soc . , 145(5) , 1518 (1998).
Ion kinetics in low-pressure, electropositive, RF glow discharge sheaths (1991)

Ion kinetics in low-pressure (e.g., 1 mtorr), electropositive, RF glow discharge sheaths are studied using a Monte-Carlo-based computer simulation. The numerical model integrates particle trajectories using a spatially nonlinear, time-varying model of the electric field in the RF sheath. A scaling relationship is then discussed, relating the normalized ion energy spread to the ratio of ion sheath transit time to the RF period. The scaled numerical data shows good agreement with existing numerical and experimental data.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Virtual home environment: building and testing an efficient prototype (2003)

The pace of evolution of mobile terminals and the networks supporting them is so fast that device- and network-dependence have become seriously restricting factors. Also, the exceptional growth of roaming users is rapidly increasing the demand for remote access to "home" services. Additionally, the globalization of economies and the creation of a single unrestricted marketplace urge companies to enable their customers, partners and employees to access information from wherever they are, whenever they might need it. Finally, the demand for personalized services tailored to meet users' special preferences is higher than ever. All these trends strongly impose the establishment of the virtual home environment (VHE) in the wide market as a solution that provides personal service environment portability across network boundaries and between different terminals. The IST Project VESPER investigates the provision of VHE services, while the first multiterminal-multiprotocol VHE prototype has already been developed, tested and evaluated. This article aims to present the pathway from the VHE concept towards a working VHE prototype, elaborated according to a proposed OSA/Parlay compatible VHE architecture.
Binding of a Macrocyclic Bisacridine and Ametantrone to CGTACG Involves Similar Unusual Intercalation Platforms (2000)

The binding of a macrocyclic bisacridine and an antitumor intercalator ametantrone to DNA has been studied. We carried out X-ray diffraction analyses of the complexes between both intercalators and CGTACG. We have determined the crystal structure, by the multiple-wavelength anomalous diffraction (MAD) method, of bisacridine complexed with CGTA[br(5)C]G at 1.8 A resolution. The refined native crystal structure at 1.1 A resolution (space group C222, a = 29.58 A, b = 54.04 A, c = 40.22 A, and R-factor = 0.163) revealed that only one acridine of the bisacridine drug binds at the C5pG6 step of the DNA, with the other acridine plus both linkers completely disordered. Surprisingly, both terminal G.C base pairs are unraveled. The C1 nucleotide is disordered, and the G2 base is bridged to its own phosphate P2 through a hydrated Co(2+) ion. G12 is swung toward the minor groove with its base stacked over the backbone. The C7 nucleotide is flipped away from the duplex part and base paired to a 2-fold symmetry-related G6. The central four base pairs adopt the B-DNA conformation. An unusual intercalator platform is formed by bringing four complexes together (involving the 222 symmetry) such that the intercalator cavity is flanked by two sets of G x C base pairs (i.e., C5 x G8 and G6 x C7) on each side, joined together by G6 x G8 tertiary base pairing interactions. In the bisacridine-CGTACG complex, the intercalation platform is intercalated with two acridines, whereas in the ametantrone-CGTACG complex, only one ametantrone is bound. NMR titration of the bisacridine to AACGATCGTT suggests that the bisacridine prefers to bridge more than one DNA duplex by intercalating each acridine to different duplexes. The results may be relevant in understanding binding of certain intercalators to DNA structure associated with the quadruplet helix and Holliday junction.
Mice With a Null Mutation in the NHE1 Na <sup>+</sup> -H <sup>+</sup> Exchanger Are Resistant to Cardiac Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury (2003)

Pharmacological studies indicate that Na+-H+ exchanger isoform 1 (NHE1) plays a central role in myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury; however, confirmation by alternative methods is lacking. To address this issue, we examined the role of NHE1 in ischemia-reperfusion injury using gene-targeted NHE1-null mutant (Nhe1-/-) mice. Nhe1-/- and wild-type hearts were perfused in a Langendorff apparatus in both the absence and presence of the NHE1 inhibitor eniporide, subjected to 40 minutes of ischemia and 30 minutes of reperfusion, and the effects of genetic ablation or inhibition of NHE1 on hemodynamic, biochemical, and pathological changes were assessed. In the absence of eniporide, left ventricular developed pressure, end-diastolic pressure, and coronary flow were significantly less impaired in Nhe1-/- hearts relative to wild-type hearts, and release of lactate dehydrogenase, morphological damage, and ATP depletion were also significantly less. In the presence of eniporide, however, wild-type hearts were significantly protected and there were no significant differences between the two genotypes with respect to cardiac performance, lactate dehydrogenase release, or morphological damage. Furthermore, the presence or absence of eniporide had no apparent effect on the degree of cardioprotection observed in Nhe1-/- hearts. These data demonstrate that genetic ablation of NHE1 protects the heart against ischemia-reperfusion injury. In addition to providing direct evidence that confirms previous pharmacological studies indicating a role for NHE1 in ischemia-reperfusion injury, these results suggest that the long-term absence of NHE1 does not elicit major compensatory changes that might negate the cardioprotective effects of blocking its activity over the short-term.
Managing Migraine Headaches in Children and Adolescents (2015)

The diagnosis and management of migraine headaches can be challenging in children and adolescents. The description of migraine in this population may include symptoms that are not typically described in adults. Treatment options for pediatric migraine is increasing, however remain limited. This article will go through the key components to diagnosing migraine in pediatric patients as well as give options for short and long-term management.
Chemical and Electrical Properties of Low-Temperature Solution-Processed In–Ga–Zn-O Thin-Film Transistors (2010)

We have fabricated a bottom-gate thin-film transistor (TFT) with the active layer of indium-gallium-zinc-oxide (IGZO) nanoparticles prepared from water solution. Polycrystallized InGaZn <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> O <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">5</sub> films were formed by a spin-coating method and postbaked at low temperature (95°C). The morphology of the IGZO film indicates that not only are the grain size and shape uniform but also the cross section of the film appears dense, considering that the films were fabricated by a solution process at low temperature. The TFT device shows good switching ability, high drain current (> 10 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">5</sup> A), and low threshold voltage (0.9 V). Its field-effect mobility of 2.3 cm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> /V · s and ON-OFF current ratio over 106 are very promising for TFT applications.
Facilitated replacement of Kupffer cells expressing a paraoxonase-1 transgene is essential for ameliorating atherosclerosis in mice (2005)

Resident macrophages (i.e., Kupffer cells) are derived from hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) and are primarily responsible for the removal from plasma of oxidized forms of low-density lipoprotein (LDL). The therapeutic potential of Kupffer cell expression of a transgene encoding paraoxonase-1 (PON1), whose plasma activity correlates with the protection from atherosclerosis, was examined in mice rendered atherosclerosis-susceptible through genetic deletion of the LDL receptor. Mice having their bone marrow engrafted with HSCs expressing the PON1 transgene (PON1-Tg) driven by a macrophage-specific promoter were injected i.v. with saline (vehicle only) or with gadolinium chloride (GdCl(3)), an agent that rapidly causes Kupffer cell apoptosis. One month later, GdCl(3)-facilitated Kupffer cell apoptosis increased the hepatic expression of transgenic PON1 mRNA by 9-fold. After 12 weeks of being fed a cholesterol-enriched atherogenic diet, mice injected with GdCl(3) exhibited 50% reductions in both aortic sinus atherosclerotic lesions (P < 0.0097) and surface lesions of the abdominal aorta (P < 0.006). In contrast, mice receiving HSCs expressing the PON1-Tg but not treated with GdCl(3) showed no protection from atherosclerosis. In addition, mice engrafted with HSCs not expressing the PON1-Tg but injected with GdCl(3) also showed no protection from atherosclerosis. These findings, showing that GdCl(3)-enhanced hepatic expression of the PON1-Tg is essential for reducing atherosclerosis, indicate that Kupffer cells play an important role in atherogenesis. GdCl(3)-facilated replacement of Kupffer cells may enhance the efficacy of other HSC-based gene therapies.
Intelligent embedded controller for optimal triggering (2009)

This paper presents the analysis, design and implementation of a high performance cost effective 1-ph BLDC motor compatible with appliances like fan and pump. The inherent advantages like high efficiency and low noise make the BLDC motors an attractive solution for electrical appliances. Conventional appliance motors are direct online start induction motors and universal motors, which give unsatisfactory control flexibility leading to unnecessary energy consumption. The BLDC motor with electronic controllers gives user-friendly control in appliance application, leading to energy savings. The electronic controller provides the required flexibilities in features and protections to add unique selling proposition (USP). It provides smooth speed control of the motor in wired and wireless mode. The additional electronic controller makes the 3-phase BLDC motor costlier as compared to conventional motors. The work describes an alternative. The present alternative is a low cost 1-phase BLDC motor. The work focuses on the commutation angle estimation and adjustment to get adequate starting torque and also for better efficiency at all the speed ranges. The work describes the effects of hall sensor position, its adaptive estimation and dynamic optimization techniques. The simulated and experimental results show the feasibility of the present design.