gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Recent developments in subterranean robotics (2006)

Abstract Robotic systems exhibit remarkable capability for exploring and mapping subterranean voids. Information about subterranean spaces has immense value for civil, security, and commercial applications where problems, such as encroachment, collapse, flooding and subsidence can occur. Contemporary method for underground mapping, such as human surveys and geophysical techniques, can provide estimates of void location, but cannot achieve the coverage, quality, or economy of robotic approaches. This article presents the challenges, mechanisms, sensing, and software of subterranean robots. Results obtained from operations in active, abandoned, and submerged subterranean spaces will also be shown. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Enhanced hypertext categorization using hyperlinks (1998)

A major challenge in indexing unstructured hypertext databases is to automatically extract meta-data that enables structured search using topic taxonomies, circumvents keyword ambiguity, and improves the quality of search and profile-based routing and filtering. Therefore, an accurate classifier is an essential component of a hypertext database. Hyperlinks pose new problems not addressed in the extensive text classification literature. Links clearly contain high-quality semantic clues that are lost upon a purely term-based classifier, but exploiting link information is non-trivial because it is noisy. Naive use of terms in the link neighborhood of a document can even degrade accuracy. Our contribution is to propose robust statistical models and a relaxation labeling technique for better classification by exploiting link information in a small neighborhood around documents. Our technique also adapts gracefully to the fraction of neighboring documents having known topics. We experimented with pre-classified samples from Yahoo!1 and the US Patent Database2. In previous work, we developed a text classifier that misclassified only 13% of the documents in the well-known Reuters benchmark; this was comparable to the best results ever obtained. This classifier misclassified 36% of the patents, indicating that classifying hypertext can be more difficult than classifying text. Naively using terms in neighboring documents increased error to 38%; our hypertext classifier reduced it to 21%. Results with the Yahoo! sample were more dramatic: the text classifier showed 68% error, whereas our hypertext classifier reduced this to only 21%.
The plasma concentration‐time profile of beta‐alanine using a controlled‐release formulation (Carnosyn <sup>®</sup> ) (2008)

Carnosine (β‐Alanylhistidine) synthesis in muscle cells is limited by the availability of β‐Alanine, but can be increased 80% or more when the diet is supplemented with β‐Ala. This is of interest to athletes since increased levels of muscle Carnosine have been shown to improve exercise performance. Above 10mg/kg bwt, however, β‐Ala in solution or rapidly‐dissolving capsules causes symptoms of paraesthesia, despite the amount being less than that available from normal‐size portions of meat. PURPOSE To investigate β‐Ala absorption using a controlled‐release formulation. METHOD Three males and 3 females were given 1600mg β‐Ala dissolved in water (C), 2 × 800mg β‐Ala controlled release tablets (T2) and 4 tablets (T4), on separate occasions. Controlled release tablets were Carnosyn™ supplied by Collegiate Sports Nutrition. Plasma from 100μl capillary blood samples was collected over 6h, initially every 0.25h, and analysed for β‐Ala by HPLC. RESULTS Subjects reported significant paraesthesia with C, no symptoms with T2 and zero/trace symptoms with T4. Peak β‐Ala (P) with C was 219±78μM with return to ~10uM at 3h. Increases in P were greatly attenuated with T2 (126±36μM) and T4 (177±123μM) but greatly extended (>50μM at 3h). Areas under the plasma concentration curve were C: 286±48; T2: 309±154; T4: 518±220 μM.h. with C or T2 vs T4: P<0.05; C vs T2: P>0.05. CONCLUSION : T2 was bioequivalent to C but did not cause paraesthesia.
Superconducting array for high-field magnetic resonance imaging (2007)

We report on the design of a planar 200MHz superconducting two-resonator array for magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) applications. The array was made out of a double-sided thin YBa2Cu3O7−x film on r-cut sapphire substrate and consists of two 24mm diameter resonators with built-in planar capacitors for coupling to the tuning and matching electronics. Required for the performance of the MRI array, rf isolation of two resonators was accomplished by built-in planar capacitors, and the mechanism of resonator-to-resonator decoupling was analyzed. The signal-to-noise gain as a result of using high-Tc superconductor resonators/arrays was calculated and compared with experimental data.
Fractional Lambda Switching/spl trade/ (2003)

Fractional Lambda (/spl lambda/) Switching (F/spl lambda/S/spl trade/) adds the necessary efficiency to wavelength division multiplexing (WDM) while preserving the simplicity of whole /spl lambda/ switching. Due to its provisioning capability, from a fraction of STS-1 to a full optical channel capacity, F/spl lambda/S/spl trade/ will extend the reach of optical networking all the way to the network edges in the metro and enterprise. Finally, F/spl lambda/S/spl trade/ uniquely enables the implementation of dynamic all-optical switches since its operation does not require (1) optical processing (e.g., packet header processing) and (2) optical buffering.
SiGe FinFET for practical logic libraries by mitigating local layout effect (2017)

SiGe FinFET has been explored for its benefit of high current drivability provided by channel strain [1-5]. We have demonstrated SiGe CMOS FinFET at 10nm technology ground rules including epitaxial defectivity control, DC performance and reliability benefit [6-8]. One concern of SiGe FinFET is channel strain relaxation by fin cut process [9] inducing local layout effect (LLE), which is crucial for product design. In this paper, we thoroughly examined LLE in SiGe pFinFET and explored its mitigation techniques. Two techniques are proposed and demonstrated successful LLE mitigation, which drives forward SiGe FinFET insertion to technology.
A maximally stable extremal regions system-on-chip for real-time visual surveillance (2015)

This paper presents a novel implementation of the Maximally Stable Extremal Regions (MSER) detector on system-on-chip (SoC) using 65 nm CMOS technology. The novel SoC was developed following the Application Specific Integrated Circuit (ASIC) design flow which significantly enhanced its realization and fabrication, and overall performances. The SoC has very low area requirement (around 0.05 mm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> ) and is capable of detecting both bright and dark MSERs in a single run, while computing simultaneously their associated regions' moments, simplifying its interfacing with other image algorithms (e.g. SIFT and SURF). The novel MSER SoC is power-efficient (requires 2.25 mW) and memory-efficient as it saves more than 31% of the memory space reported in the state-of-the-art MSER implementation on FPGA, making it suitable for mobile devices. With 256×256 resolution and its operating frequency of 133 MHz, the SoC is expected to have a 200 frames/second processing rate, making it suitable (when integrated with other algorithms in the system) for time-critical real-time applications such as visual surveillance.
Changes in Serum Hepatitis C Virus RNA in Interferon Nonresponders Retreated With Interferon Plus Ribavirin (1999)

Ribavirin, a nucleoside analogue, inhibits replication of RNA and DNA viruses and may control hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection through modulation of anti-inflammatory and antiviral actions. Ribavirin monotherapy has no effect on serum HCV RNA levels. In combination with interferon, this agent appears to enhance the efficacy of interferon. The aim of this study was to monitor serum HCV RNA levels early during therapy with interferon and ribavirin compared with that previously seen in the same patients during interferon monotherapy. Five patients who previously showed no response to therapy with interferon alfa 3 MU three times weekly for 6 months were retreated with the identical dose of interferon alfa 2b in combination with oral ribavirin 1,000 mg/day. Serum HCV RNA levels were monitored at baseline, week 4, week 8, and week 12 of therapy by a quantitative multicycle polymerase chain reaction assay. In the first 8 to 12 weeks, serum HCV RNA levels showed a greater decrease in all patients when retreated with combination therapy compared with interferon alone. Mean (+/- SEM) serum HCV RNA levels for interferon therapy alone were 3.3 +/- 0.95, 1.2 +/- 0.95, 1.6 +/- 1.2, and 2.3 +/- 1.2 x 10(6) copies/ml at week 0, 4, 8, and 12, respectively. This was compared with 3.3 +/- 0.83, 0.3 +/- 0.2, 0.03 +/- 0.02, and 0.15 +/- 0.14 x 10(6), respectively, for the interferon and ribavirin group (p < 0.07 at week 8). Two of five patients had undetectable serum HCV RNA during combination therapy. Combination therapy with interferon and ribavirin in prior interferon nonresponders reduces serum HCV RNA levels compared with interferon alone. This may suggest some additional antiviral effect of ribavirin when given with interferon.
Parallel-hole collimator concept for stationary SPECT imaging (2015)

Parallel-hole SPECT collimators have traditionally been manufactured by stacking sheets of lead foil or by casting. These techniques significantly restrict our options in terms of collimator geometry. However, recent developments in metal additive manufacturing are making novel collimator designs possible, giving rise to new opportunities in SPECT imaging. In this paper we propose an innovative type of collimator for stationary SPECT, using parallel-holes whose collimation direction depends on their axial position. Its main advantage compared to current stationary SPECT systems (which are based on pinholes) is that, using only axial bed translations, we can achieve complete angular sampling of an increased portion of the transaxial area of the collimator bore. This allows the system to be much more compact than current stationary SPECT systems that image objects of the same size. We describe three possible designs, for full-body, brain and small-animal imaging, respectively, and test their feasibility using simulations. The system modeling method is validated against realistic Monte Carlo simulations, and then used in the evaluation of the systems' performances and reconstructions. The simulations show that the system is able to reconstruct objects occupying the predicted field of view ([Formula: see text] of the transaxial area of the bore) without sampling artifacts. In particular, we perform reconstructions from noisy projection data obtained for an activity and scanning time similar to standard protocols for the three applications, and the resulting images indicate the possibility of using the proposed systems in practice.
The synthesis and manufacture of zeolites (1988)

Zeolites, used mainly in catalysis, separation, purification, and ion exchange, are finding more applications as their structures expand.
Chronic fractalkine administration improves glucose tolerance and pancreatic endocrine function (2018)

We have previously reported that the fractalkine (FKN)/CX3CR1 system represents a novel regulatory mechanism for insulin secretion and β cell function. Here, we demonstrate that chronic administration of a long-acting form of FKN, FKN-Fc, can exert durable effects to improve glucose tolerance with increased glucose-stimulated insulin secretion and decreased β cell apoptosis in obese rodent models. Unexpectedly, chronic FKN-Fc administration also led to decreased α cell glucagon secretion. In islet cells, FKN inhibited ATP-sensitive potassium channel conductance by an ERK-dependent mechanism, which triggered β cell action potential (AP) firing and decreased α cell AP amplitude. This results in increased glucose-stimulated insulin secretion and decreased glucagon secretion. Beyond its islet effects, FKN-Fc also exerted peripheral effects to enhance hepatic insulin sensitivity due to inhibition of glucagon action. In hepatocytes, FKN treatment reduced glucagon-stimulated cAMP production and CREB phosphorylation in a pertussis toxin-sensitive manner. Together, these results raise the possibility of use of FKN-based therapy to improve type 2 diabetes by increasing both insulin secretion and insulin sensitivity.
Abstract LB-009: Intracellular delivery with SOCS3 suppresses angiogenesis in tumors (2018)

Abstract Introduction: Suppressor of cytokine signaling 3 (SOCS3) is a negative feedback regulator in the Janus kinase/signal transducer and activator of transduction (JAK/STAT) signaling pathway, in which it suppresses inflammation and cancer. The JAK/STAT pathway is activated in some tumors thus enhancing the expression of genes involved in proliferation and angiogenesis, notably, vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF), angiopoietin-1 and phospoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K)-protein kinase B (AKT). Objective: The aim of this study is to develop an improved cell-permeable (iCP)-SOCS3 and determine its applicability as an anti-angiogenic agent to treat cancer. Methods: The iCP-SOCS3 was expressed in E. coli as a 37 kDa recombinant protein fused to an advanced macromolecule transduction domain (aMTD) and humanized solubilization domain (SD). Uptake of a fluorescently tagged iCP-SOCS3 by cells and tissues was monitored by flow cytometry and confocal microscopy. Biological and biochemical activities of iCP-SOCS3 were determined by in vitro angiogenesis assays and changes in biomarker expression and anti-tumor activities were analyzed in mice bearing human tumor xenografts. Results: The iCP-SOCS3 improved on an earlier generation of CP-SOCS3 fused to FGF4-derived membrane translocating motif (MTM) with regard to solubility, yield, delivery into cells and tissues and biological activity. The iCP-SOCS3 suppressed proliferation of human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) by 60% and migration by 54% via inhibition of AKT/mTOR signaling pathway. Moreover, iCP-SOCS3 inhibited invasion of EC cells in PANC-1 and U87MG conditioned medium by 38% and 95%, respectively. In tube formation assay, iCP-SOCS3 reduced the number of branch points by 79% and tube length by 60% compared to the vehicle. In chick chorioallantoic membrane (CAM) assay, iCP-SOCS3 significantly inhibited angiogenesis by 83% in dose dependent manner compared to the reference drug, retinoic acid. The anti-angiogenic activity of iCP-SOCS3 was also shown in matrigel plug assay. The new vessel formation induced by U87-MG glioblastoma cells was significantly reduced by the treatment of iCP-SOCS3. In PANC-1, U87-MG and HepG2 cell-derived xenograft models, iCP-SOCS3 suppressed expression of pro-angiogenic factors including VEGF, ERK and angiopoietin 1. Conclusion: These results validate iCP-SOCS3 targets in promoting angiogenesis and suggest ways to reduce angiogenesis in various types of tumors. Citation Format: Yukdong Jung, Kuysook Lee, Youngsil Choi, Daewoong Jo. Intracellular delivery with SOCS3 suppresses angiogenesis in tumors [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2018; 2018 Apr 14-18; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2018;78(13 Suppl):Abstract nr LB-009.
Functional characterization of the two alcohol oxidase genes from the yeast Pichia pastoris. (1989)

In Pichia pastoris, alcohol oxidase (AOX) is the first enzyme in the methanol utilization pathway and is encoded by two genes, AOX1 and AOX2. The DNA and predicted amino acid sequences of the protein-coding portions of the genes are closely homologous, whereas flanking sequences share no homology. The functional roles of AOX1 and AOX2 in the metabolism of methanol were examined. Studies of strains with disrupted AOX genes revealed that AOX1 was the major source of methanol-oxidizing activity in methanol-grown P. pastoris. The results of two types of experiments each suggested that the difference in AOX activity contributed by the two genes was a consequence of sequences located 5' of the protein-coding portions of the genes. First, the coding portion of AOX2 was able to functionally substitute for that of AOX1 when placed under the control of AOX1 regulatory sequences. Second, when labeled oligonucleotide probes specific for the 5' nontranslated region of each gene were used, it was apparent that the steady-state level of AOX1 mRNA was much higher than that of AOX2. Except for the difference in the amount of mRNA present, the two genes appeared to be regulated in the same manner. A physiological reason for the existence of AOX2 was sought but was not apparent.
A Local/Regional Based CAD System for Early Diagnosis of Alzheimer's Disease Using sMRI Scans (2019)

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is one of the neurodegenerative diseases, an irreparable one, that targets the central nervous system and causes dementia. During its progression, the disease goes through a number of stages where the diagnosis of the disease at its early stage is highly recommended. Despite this recommendation, accomplishing this diagnosis task faces a number of obstacles including the variable impact of the disease on its sufferers. This paper mainly aims to assist in the early diagnosis process of AD through introducing a brain regional based computer-aided diagnosis (CAD) system, using structural magnetic resonance imaging (sMRI), that goes through four main stages: preprocessing, brain labeling, extracting the discriminant features, as well as diagnosing. The novelty of the our work is to offer a local/regional diagnosis to serve the subject-dependent effect of the disease followed by a global diagnosis with an overall promising performance as evaluated with the related work. The experimental results show accuracy of 96.6%, specificity of 100%, and sensitivity of 94.25%. Validating our system with the related work and some well-known classifiers shows promising results in addressing this research point.
Steno (2011)

Declarative queries enable programmers to write data manipulation code without being aware of the underlying data structure implementation. By increasing the level of abstraction over imperative code, they improve program readability and, crucially, create opportunities for automatic parallelization and optimization. For example, the Language Integrated Query (LINQ) extensions to C# allow the same declarative query to process in-memory collections, and datasets that are distributed across a compute cluster. However, our experiments show that the serial performance of declarative code is several times slower than the equivalent hand-optimized code, because it is implemented using run-time abstractions---such as iterators---that incur overhead due to virtual function calls and superfluous instructions. To address this problem, we have developed Steno, which uses a combination of novel and well-known techniques to generate code for declarative queries that is almost as efficient as hand-optimized code. Steno translates a declarative LINQ query into type-specialized, inlined and loop-based imperative code. It eliminates chains of iterators from query execution, and optimizes nested queries. We have implemented Steno for uniprocessor, multiprocessor and distributed computing platforms, and show that, for a real-world distributed job, it can almost double the speed of end-to-end execution.
Optimal Content Distribution in Video-on-Demand Tree Networks (2009)

Video-on-demand (VOD) services are expected to grow significantly over time, providing diverse programs for home entertainment, distance instruction, news on demand, and other applications. These services require large bandwidth resources. We present a model for a tree network where each node may have demands for multiple different VOD program families, where each program family is an aggregation of similar programs. The decision variables include location of VOD servers and assignment of program families to servers. The model considers cost of servers, cost of assigning program families to servers, and cost of link bandwidths used to broadcast programs. The objective is to minimize the sum of all these costs. The model is formulated as an integer program. We develop a dynamic programming formulation with multiple state variables and an algorithm that solves this model. Starting from the end nodes of the tree network, the algorithm determines optimal solutions to subtrees, eventually reaching the root node with the central server, thus providing an optimal solution to the entire network.
An Integrated Dual-Output Isolated Converter for Plug-in Electric Vehicles (2017)

This paper proposes a unique integrated and isolated dual-output dc-dc resonant converter, which can interface both HV traction batteries and LV loads. In addition, the proposed topology is bidirectional, capable of delivering power from HV traction batteries to the grid for vehicle-to-grid (V2G) applications. To increase the power density of the converter, the dual-output dc-dc resonant converter combines magnetic components of resonant networks into a single three-winding electromagnetically integrated transformer. The resonant converter uses a half-bridge topology with split capacitors as the resonant network components to further reduce the size of a converter. The variable dc-link voltage strategy is utilized to enhance the efficiency over the entire output voltage range. A 3.3-kW converter is designed and developed for validation of various operation modes, including grid-to-vehicle, V2G, and HV-to-LV charging.
Noninvasive laser Raman detection of carotenoid antioxidants in living human skin (2001)

We have used resonance Raman scattering as a novel non- invasive optical technology to measure carotenoid antioxidants in human skin of healthy volunteers. Using blue-green laser excitation, clearly distinguishable carotenoid Raman spectra are obtained which are superimposed on a large skin autofluorescence background. The Raman spectra are obtained rapidly, i.e. within about 30 seconds, and the required laser light exposure levels are well within safety standards. Our technique can be used for rapid screening of carotenoid antioxidant levels in large populations and may have applications for assessing the risk for cutaneous diseases.
Improved Pyrite Rejection by Chemically-Modified Fine Coal Flotation† (1989)

Abstract Improved pyrite rejection during fine coal flotation can be achieved by chemical pretreatment of the coal prior to flotation. The process involves conditioning the suspension with potassium monopersulfate or other peroxy compounds followed by conventional flotation. The ambient-temperature treatment seems to improve the hydrophobic character of certain low-rank coals as is evident from induction time measurements and bench-scale flotation experiments. In addition, the chemical pretreatment leads to an improvement in ash rejection and to enhanced depression of pyrite. Notes Presented at the 2nd International Conference on Processing and Utilization of High Sulfur Coals, Carbondale, IL, Sept. 27-Oct. l, 1987.
Broadband fast semiconductor saturable absorber (1992)

Kerr lens mode-locked (KLM) solid-state lasers are typically not self-starting. We address this problem by introducing a broadband semiconductor saturable absorber that could be used as a tunable, all-solid-state, passive starting mechanism. We extend the wavelength tunability of a semiconductor saturable absorber to more than 100 nm using a band-gap-engineered low-temperature molecular-beam-epitaxy (MBE)-grown bulk AlGaAs semiconductor saturable absorber in which the absorption edge of the saturable absorber has been artificially broadened by continuously reducing the Al concentration during the MBE growth. We demonstrate its tunability and its feasibility as a starting mechanism for KLM with a picosecond resonant passive mode-locked Ti:sapphire laser. The extension to femtosecond KLM lasers has been discussed previously.