gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Supplier Evaluation Model on SAP ERP Application using Machine Learning Algorithms (2018)

For business enterprises, supplier evaluation is a mission critical process. On ERP (Enterprise Resource Planning) applications such as SAP, the supplier evaluation process is performed by configuring a linear score model, however this approach has a limited success. Therefore, author in this paper has proposed a two-stage supplier evaluation model by integrating data from SAP application and ML algorithms. In the first stage, author has applied data extraction algorithm on SAP application to build a data model comprising of relevant features. In the second stage, each instance in the data model is classified, on a rank of 1 to 6, based on the supplier performance measurements such as on-time, on quality and as promised quantity features. Thereafter, author has applied various machine learning algorithms on training sample with multi-classification objective to allow algorithm to learn supplier ranking classification. Encouraging test results were observed when learning algorithms,(DT) and Support Vector Machine (SVM), were tested with more than 98 percent accuracy on test data sets. The application of supplier evaluation model proposed in the paper can therefore be generalised to any other other information management system, not only limited to SAP, that manages Procure to Pay process.
Second Generation Steroidal 4-Aminoquinolines Are Potent, Dual-Target Inhibitors of the Botulinum Neurotoxin Serotype A Metalloprotease and <i>P. falciparum</i> Malaria (2014)

Significantly more potent second generation 4-amino-7-chloroquinoline (4,7-ACQ) based inhibitors of the botulinum neurotoxin serotype A (BoNT/A) light chain were synthesized. Introducing an amino group at the C(3) position of the cholate component markedly increased potency (IC50 values for such derivatives ranged from 0.81 to 2.27 μM). Two additional subclasses were prepared: bis(steroidal)-4,7-ACQ derivatives and bis(4,7-ACQ)cholate derivatives; both classes provided inhibitors with nanomolar-range potencies (e.g., the Ki of compound 67 is 0.10 μM). During BoNT/A challenge using primary neurons, select derivatives protected SNAP-25 by up to 89%. Docking simulations were performed to rationalize the compounds' in vitro potencies. In addition to specific residue contacts, coordination of the enzyme's catalytic zinc and expulsion of the enzyme's catalytic water were a consistent theme. With respect to antimalarial activity, the compounds provided better IC90 activities against chloroquine resistant (CQR) malaria than CQ, and seven compounds were more active than mefloquine against CQR strain W2.
Synthesis and properties of polyimides containing hexaisobutyl-substituted T<sub>8</sub> cages in their main chains (2016)

We prepared two types of polyimides containing T<sub>8</sub> cages in the main chains by polymerization of <italic>para</italic>-substituted bis(3-aminopropyl)hexaisobutyl-substituted T<sub>8</sub> cage, and studied their mechanical, thermal, and optical properties.
Specific adoptive immunotherapy with tumor-specific cytotoxic T-lymphocyte clone for murine malignant gliomas. (1984)

The efficacy of glioma-specific cytotoxic T-lymphocyte for a syngeneic murine malignant glioma (a 20-methylcholanthrene-induced ependymoblastoma, 203-glioma) was investigated. The cytotoxic clone (G-CTLL 1), established and expanded exponentially by T-cell growth factor, has retained target specificity for more than 6 months. In adoptive therapy and Winn assay, the in vivo antitumor activity of G-CTLL 1 was demonstrated against mice inoculated intracranially with 203-glioma cells. The therapeutic effects in adoptive immunotherapy were largely dependent on dose and time of i.v. administration, although the therapy was rather ineffective in condition of increased intracranial pressure due to the tumor growth. The mechanisms responsible for the in vivo protection were probably related to the killing activity of G-CTLL 1 or the tumor-specific production of immune interferon by G-CTLL 1.
Octreotide, a Somatostatin Analogue, Mediates Its Antiproliferative Action in Pituitary Tumor Cells by Altering Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinase Signaling and Inducing Zac1 Expression (2006)

Somatostatin limits cell growth by inhibiting the proliferative activity of growth factor receptors. In this study, it is shown that in pituitary tumor cells, the somatostatin analogue octreotide produces its antiproliferative action by inducing the expression the tumor suppressor gene Zac1. ZAC/Zac1 induces cell cycle arrest and apoptosis and is highly expressed in normal pituitary, mammary, and ovarian glands but is down-regulated in pituitary, breast, and ovarian tumors. Knocking down Zac1 by RNA interference abolished the antiproliferative effect of octreotide in pituitary tumor cells, indicating that Zac1 is necessary for the action of octreotide. The effect of octreotide on Zac1 expression was pertussis toxin sensitive and was abolished after transfection with a dominant negative vector for SHP-1. Zac1 is a target of the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K) survival pathway. Octreotide treatment decreased the tyrosine phosphorylation levels of the PI3K regulatory subunit p85, induced dephosphorylation of phosphoinositide-dependent kinase 1 (PDK1) and Akt, and activated glycogen synthase kinase 3beta (GSKbeta). Therefore, in pituitary tumor cells, somatostatin analogues produce their antiproliferative action by acting on the PI3K/Akt signaling pathway and increasing Zac1 gene expression.
A comparison of methods using optical coherence tomography to detect demineralized regions in teeth (2011)

Optical coherence tomography (OCT) is a three- dimensional optical imaging technique that can be used to identify areas of early caries formation in dental enamel. The OCT signal at 850 nm back-reflected from sound enamel is attenuated stronger than the signal back-reflected from demineralized regions. To quantify this observation, the OCT signal as a function of depth into the enamel (also known as the A-scan intensity), the histogram of the A-scan intensities and three summary parameters derived from the A-scan are defined and their diagnostic potential compared. A total of 754 OCT A-scans were analyzed. The three summary parameters derived from the A-scans, the OCT attenuation coefficient as well as the mean and standard deviation of the lognormal fit to the histogram of the A-scan ensemble show statistically significant differences (p < 0.01) when comparing parameters from sound enamel and caries. Furthermore, these parameters only show a modest correlation. Based on the area under the curve (AUC) of the receiver operating characteristics (ROC) plot, the OCT attenuation coefficient shows higher discriminatory capacity (AUC = 0.98) compared to the parameters derived from the lognormal fit to the histogram of the A-scan. However, direct analysis of the A-scans or the histogram of A-scan intensities using linear support vector machine classification shows diagnostic discrimination (AUC = 0.96) comparable to that achieved using the attenuation coefficient. These findings suggest that either direct analysis of the A-scan, its intensity histogram or the attenuation coefficient derived from the descending slope of the OCT A-scan have high capacity to discriminate between regions of caries and sound enamel.
A 6-bit 2.5-GS/s Time-Interleaved Analog-to-Digital Converter Using Resistor-Array Sharing Digital-to-Analog Converter (2014)

This paper presents a 6-bit 2.5-GS/s time-interleaved (TI) successive-approximation-register (SAR) analog-to-digital converter (ADC) that uses a resistor-array sharing digital-to-analog converter (RASD). By applying the input folding technique in the input stage and utilizing the flash-assisted TI-SAR ADC with the proposed RASD, the static power dissipation is reduced by 69%. ON-chip and OFF-chip calibration techniques are used to compensate the interchannel error sources. The prototype was fabricated in a 65-nm CMOS process technology. The peak integral nonlinearity and differential nonlinearity are measured as 0.52 and 0.51 LSB, respectively. At 2.5 GS/s, a signal-to-noise and distortion ratio (SNDR) of 18.6/31.9 dB and a spurious-free dynamic range (SFDR) of 23.7/42.1 dBc are measured before and after the calibration at the Nyquist input frequency with 1 Vpp-diff input signal, and the figure of merit is 0.27 pJ/conversion-step. This chip consumes 22 mW at 1.2-V supply and occupies 0.27-mm2 area.
In vitro proteolytic processing of a diubiquitin and a truncated diubiquitin formed from in vitro-generated mRNAs. (1988)

Ubiquitin, a highly conserved protein of 76 amino acids found in all eukaryotes, is translated from mRNAs that contain either multiple, contiguous coding sequences of the protein or a single ubiquitin coding sequence fused to sequences coding for 52 or 76 amino acids. We describe here formation of monoubiquitin from in vitro translation of mRNAs containing either two complete sequences or one complete ubiquitin and 60% of a second ubiquitin. No diubiquitin precursor was found with the complete diubiquitin mRNA, but the truncated mRNA formed proteins with apparent molecular masses of 30, 24, 7, and 4 kDa. The latter two are the expected products from truncated ubiquitin mRNA. The 30-kDa protein was immunoprecipitated by anti-ubiquitin antibodies and was converted to ubiquitin and the 4-kDa form by a ubiquitin isopeptidase-like activity in wheat germ. Other data indicated that the 30-kDa protein had multiple ubiquitins, all linked by isopeptide bonds to the truncated ubiquitin. One of these was the radiolabeled translation product, which should have been linked to the truncated protein by a normal peptide bond. A model is proposed in which ubiquitin itself participates in a transpeptidase activity.
A NAC domain protein family contributing to the regulation of wood formation in poplar (2011)

Wood harvested from trees is one of the most widely utilized natural materials on our planet. Recent environmental issues have prompted an increase in the demand for wood, especially as a cost-effective and renewable resource for industry and energy, so it is important to understand the process of wood formation. In the present study, we focused on poplar (Populus trichocarpa) NAC domain protein genes which are homologous to well-known Arabidopsis transcription factors regulating the differentiation of xylem vessels and fiber cells. From phylogenetic analysis, we isolated 16 poplar NAC domain protein genes, and named them PtVNS (VND-, NST/SND- and SMB-related proteins) genes. Expression analysis revealed that 12 PtVNS (also called PtrWND) genes including both VND and NST groups were expressed in developing xylem tissue and phloem fiber, whereas in primary xylem vessels, only PtVNS/PtrWND genes of the VND group were expressed. By using the post-translational induction system of Arabidopsis VND7, a master regulator of xylem vessel element differentiation, many poplar genes functioning in xylem vessel differentiation downstream from NAC domain protein genes were identified. Transient expression assays showed the variation in PtVNS/PtrWND transactivation activity toward downstream genes, even between duplicate gene pairs. Furthermore, overexpression of PtVNS/PtrWND genes induced ectopic secondary wall thickening in poplar leaves as well as in Arabidopsis seedlings with different levels of induction efficiency according to the gene. These results suggest that wood formation in poplar is regulated by cooperative functions of the NAC domain proteins.
Effective Heat Inactivation of SARS-CoV-2 (2020)

The outbreak of the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2 or 2019-nCoV) has quickly turned into a global pandemic. Infectious viruses had been isolated from oro- or naso-pharyngeal swabs, sputum and possibly stool samples of infected individuals. Handling these clinical specimens therefore poses a biosafety risk to both healthcare professionals and laboratory workers. In this study, we aimed to evaluate the stability of SARS-CoV-2 under different heat conditions and report that the virus is stable at 37 C for at least 24 hours. Heating at 56 C for 30 minutes, however, effectively inactivated the virus while preserved the stability of viral RNA in both human sera and sputum samples. These findings provide critical information regarding the biology of the virus as well as a practical way to inactivate infectious virus that is potentially found in clinical specimens.
Amorphous thin films of ferroelectric oxides (1992)

Amorphous thin films of ferroelectric LiNbO<SUB>3</SUB> and Pb(Zr<SUB>0.52</SUB>Ti<SUB>0.48</SUB>)O<SUB>3</SUB> were prepared on a variety of substrates. Their properties were characterized in comparison with typical ferroelectric crystal behavior. It was found that these amorphous thin films show ferroelectric-like behaviors well before being crystallized. These findings suggest possible practical applications in areas where ferroelectric crystals are routinely in use. A structural model is proposed to account for the ferroelectric-like behaviors in the amorphous phases.
New Fe-Pt media for perpendicular magnetic recording (1999)

An ordered FePt intermetallic compound has a large uniaxial anisotropy energy (Ku=7X10^7 erg/cm^3), a large saturation magnetization (Ms=1150 emu/cm^3), and a high corrosion resistivity.
Asymmetric bipolar resistive switching in solution-processed Pt/TiO<sub>2</sub>/W devices (2010)

The resistive switching characteristics of Pt/TiO 2 /W devices in a submicrometre via-hole structure are investigated. TiO 2 film is grown by the sol–gel spin coating technique. The device exhibits reversible and reproducible bistable resistive switching with a rectifying effect. The Schottky contact at the Pt/TiO 2 interface limits electron injection under reverse bias resulting in a rectification ratio of >60 at 2 V in the low-resistance state. The switching mechanism in our device can be interpreted as an anion migration-induced redox reaction at the tungsten bottom electrode (W). The rectifying effect can significantly reduce the sneak path current in a crossbar array and provide a feasible way to achieve high memory density.
An innovative simulated annealing approach to the long-term hydro scheduling problem (2002)

This paper presents a new simulated annealing algorithm (SAA) to solve the long-term hydro scheduling problem (LTHSP). A new algorithm for randomly generating feasible trial solutions is introduced. The problem is a hard nonlinear optimization problem in continuous variables. An adaptive cooling schedule and a new method for variables discretization are implemented to enhance the speed and convergence of the original SAA. A significant reduction in the number of the objective function evaluations, and consequently less iterations are required to reach the optimal solution. The proposed algorithm has been applied successfully to solve a system with four series cascaded reservoirs. Numerical results show an improvement in the solutions compared to previously obtained results.
[Be practical and innovative, to promote the scientific research on vertiginous disease in both basic and clinical aspects]. (2012)

自2006年中华耳鼻咽喉头颈外科杂志编委会和中华医学会耳鼻咽喉科学分会主办全国听力和前庭医学专题学术会议（贵阳），修订、制定并发表“梅尼埃病及良性阵发性位置性眩晕（BPPV）诊断依据和疗效评估”[1-2]以来，我国耳源性眩晕临床工作发展迅速，期间取得了一些成绩和进步，但我们也应该清醒地认识到尚存在不足之处，正确认识国内眩晕领域的研究现状将有助于学科的进一步发展。
Fluid flow in drying drops (2013)

How water drops evaporate from a superhydrophobic substrate *
Cobalt(I)‐Mediated Preparation of Polyborylated Cyclohexadienes: Scope, Limitations, and Mechanistic Insight (2007)

Abstract A series of 1,3‐ and 1,4‐diboryl‐1,3‐cyclohexadienes have been prepared by intermolecular CoCp‐mediated [2+2+2] cocyclizations of alkynylboronic pinacolate esters with alkenes, followed by oxidative demetallation with iron(III) chloride. The effect of substitution at the borylated alkyne on chemo‐ and regioselectivities has been studied, suggesting steric control. The proper choice of substituents allowed the preparation of 1,3‐diborylated cyclohexadienes in a highly selective manner. Alternatively, 1,4‐diborylated cyclohexadienes could be prepared from diborylated diynes. The scope of this reaction has been examined and found to include electron‐poor, electron‐rich, linear, and cyclic alkenes. The diborylated cyclohexadienes were submitted to single or double Suzuki–Miyaura cross‐coupling reactions with haloarenes to afford polyarylated systems. The mechanism of the title reaction, including the regioselectivity of the cycloaddition steps, has been analyzed by means of DFT computations.
Electrical performance of lightweight CNT-Cu composite wires impacted by surface and internal Cu spatial distribution (2017)

We report ultralong conducting lightweight multiwall carbon nanotube (MWCNT)-Cu composite wires with MWCNTs uniformly distributed in a continuous Cu matrix throughout. With a high MWCNT vol% (40-45%), the MWCNT-Cu wire density was 2/3<sup>rd</sup> that of Cu. Our composite wires show manufacturing potential because we used industrially compatible Cu electrodeposition protocols on commercial CNT wires. Further, we systematically varied Cu spatial distribution on the composite wire surface and bulk and measured the associated electrical performance, including resistivity (ρ), temperature dependence of resistance, and stability to current (measured as current carrying capacity, CCC in vacuum). We find that a continuous Cu matrix with homogeneous MWCNT distribution, i.e., maximum internal Cu filling within MWCNT wires, is critical to high overall electrical performances. Wires with maximum internal Cu filling exhibit (i) low room temperature ρ, 1/100th of the starting MWCNT wires, (ii) suppressed resistance-rise with temperature-increase and temperature coefficient of resistance (TCR) ½ that of Cu, and (iii) vacuum-CCC 28% higher than Cu. Further, the wires showed real-world applicability and were easily soldered into practical circuits. Hence, our MWCNT-Cu wires are promising lightweight alternatives to Cu wiring for weight-reducing applications. The low TCR is specifically advantageous for stable high-temperature operation, e.g., in motor windings.
Automated method of detecting SRAF and sidelobe printing with automated CD-SEM recipes (2008)

In development of optical proximity correction (OPC) for new technology nodes, optimization of assist features requires multiple placement scenarios for each line/space or hole combination. Additionally, illumination and process conditions are varied to determine the optimal process window. Under some illumination and process conditions, optimal printing of the desired features is attained; however, undesired printing of sidelobes or sub-resolution assist features (SRAFs) also occurs. Currently, CD sizes are measured for the desired feature and images are hand checked for unwanted features (sidelobe or SRAF printing). This takes a large amount of time, given the hundreds to thousands of CDSEM measurements required to generate a given OPC model. This problem is multiplied if several passes of data collection are needed to optimize each OPC model and each layer. An automated method has been developed to quickly screen a large number of SEM images for unwanted features, and if they exist, flag the measurement point so it can be easily identified as an undesirable area of the process window. This method employs edge placement measurement capabilities available with automated SEM recipe generation software to identify the presence of an unwanted feature within a given image. A simple Boolean filter is used to exclude this process area as SRAF or sidelobe printing process space so it may be excluded from the OPC model and from the operational process space. This automated method for identification of SRAFs or sidelobes provides significant engineering time savings and allows characterization of the onset of undesirable features to assist in optimization of OPC within a given process window.
Micromagnetic modeling of a narrow-track dual magnetoresistive head (1994)

The reproduce performance of a narrow-track (2 micron) dual magnetoresistive (DMR) reproduce head is theoretically analyzed using three-dimensional micromagnetic modelling. Down-track and cross-track response, side-reading, and nonlinear effects are considered. The DMR bias state with antiparallel components of bias magnetization is shown to maximize performance. Single-domain stabilization of the antiparallel DMR, comparison to the shielded-MR, and the shielded-DMR are discussed.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Silicon ingot casting, heat exchanger method multi-wire slicing, fixed abrasive slicing technique. Phase 3: Silicon sheet growth development for the large area sheet task of the low-cost solar array project (1979)

Several 20 cm diameter silicon ingots, up to 6.3 kg. were cast with good crystallinity. The graphite heat zone can be purified by heating it to high temperatures in vacuum. This is important in reducing costs and purification of large parts. Electroplated wires with 45 um synthetic diamonds and 30 um natural diamonds showed good cutting efficiency and lifetime. During slicing of a 10 cm x 10 cm workpiece, jerky motion occurred in the feed and rocking mechanisms. This problem is corrected and modifications were made to reduce the weight of the bladeheat by 50%.
Use of the Pd‐Promoted <i>Extended One‐Pot</i> (<i>EOP</i>) Synthetic Protocol for the Modular Construction of Poly‐(arylene ethynylene) <i>co</i>‐Polymers [ArCCAr′CC]<sub>n</sub>, Opto‐ and Electro‐Responsive Materials for Advanced Technology (2005)

Abstract We report on the use of our novel multistep/one‐pot/Pd‐promoted synthetic strategy, named extended one‐pot ( EOP ), for the preparation of polymeric conjugated systems characterized by a backbone composed of regularly alternating alkyne and arylene moieties of type [CC A CC B ] n . The “ A ” unit (or module) is in charge of impressing mechanical strength, chemical stability and processability to the polymer, while different “ B ” units (or modules) have been selected to obtain polymers with different functional properties. With this “modular approach” concept, a series of co ‐poly(arylene ethynylene)s, of general formula [ArCCAr′CC] n [Ar=2,5‐bis(octyloxy)benzene; Ar′=1,10‐phenanthroline, hydroquinone, pyridine, tetrafluorobenzene, dithiophene, benzene, and anthracene] potentially useful for the fabrication of sensory, electroactive and light‐emitting materials, have been formed. Investigations of the photophysical properties of these materials, both in solution and in the solid state, have demonstrated a large degree of variation of properties depending on the nature of Ar′ and the extension of the conjugation in the polymeric backbone. This EOP synthetic protocol, with its multiple and sequential one‐pot Pd‐catalyzed processes, is characterized by a very low catalyst charge loading, a consistent cut‐down of reaction times, ease of operation and cost with respect to conventional procedures to obtain ethynylated polymers. Moreover, although it is based on the Pd‐catalyzed coupling of organostannanes and aromatic halides (Stille reaction), the EOP synthetic route optimizes and reduces the use of tin, because during the multi‐step one‐pot process, tin intermediates are in situ formed by complete reconversion of tin by‐products generated in the course of the transformation. In addition, after formation and isolation of polymeric materials, tin‐containing products are recovered and reused to form new reagents for the delivery of the alkyne moiety into the polymer backbone.