gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A novel direct power control strategy of double hysteresis and multiple switching tables for rectifiers (2011)

In order to alleviate the problems, such as the periodic fluctuations of reactive power, the poor quality of ac current and the long steady-state response time, caused by the traditional direct power control(DPC) in three-phase voltage source (Pulse Width Modulation)PWM rectifier, a novel DPC strategy of double hysteresis comparator bands and multiple switching tables (DM-DPC) is put forward in this paper. According to the instantaneous errors between the commanded and estimated active and reactive power, the different switching table and hysteresis comparator band are selected in the new strategy. The effect intensity table, which is used to increase/decrease active and reactive powers through switching state vectors in different sector, is summarized. Based on the effect intensity table, four switching tables are provided. The simulation model is constructed to compare the results obtained from both the proposed and the traditional direct power control strategy. The simulation results show that, by using the novel scheme, not only the reactive power becomes more stable, but the ac current harmonic total distortion rate (THD) and the time that the system takes to reach the steady-state are also reduced to 33.5%, 62.5% of the classical one respectively.
Three Dimensional Printing: Rapid Tooling and Prototypes Directly from CAD Representation (2018)

Industrial productivity and competitive success depend on fast, efficient product\ndevelopment technologies. The flexible manufacture of tooling and mechanical prototypes\ncan greatly reduce the time required for bringing a product to market. Tooling frequently\ndominates manufacturing time and cost, thereby determining the minimum economic batch\nsize for a given process. Tooling can be extremely complex and is generally one-of-a-kind,\nrequiring much human attention to detail. As a result, fabrication of tooling for such\nprocesses as injection molding or lost wax casting, commonly requires several months of\nwork. Three Dimensional Printing offers an alternative to conventional options which do\nnot adequately answer the demands for rapid prototyping and speedy, low-cost production\nof tooling.
Evaluation of Lipid Layer Thickness Measurement of the Tear Film as a Diagnostic Tool for Meibomian Gland Dysfunction (2013)

The positive correlation between the LLT and expressible meibomian glands found in this study suggests a higher probability of MGD in patients with a low LLT. This automated assessment of the LLT might be a suitable screening test for detecting MGD. However, further prospective studies are needed to confirm these results and to identify potential confounders.
Compact Real-Time Inter-Frame Histogram Builder for 15-Bits High-Speed ToF-Imagers Based on Single-Photon Detection (2018)

Time-of-flight (ToF) image sensors based on single-photon detection, i.e., SPADs, require some filtering of pixel readings. Accurate depth measurements are only possible if the jitter of the detector is mitigated. Moreover, the time stamp needs to be effectively separated from uncorrelated noise, such as dark counts and background illumination. A powerful tool for this is building a histogram of a number of pixel readings. Future generation of ToF imagers are seeking to increase spatial and temporal resolution along with the dynamic range and frame rate. Under these circumstances, storing the complete histogram for every pixel becomes practically impossible. Considering that most of the information contained by the histogram represents noise, we propose a highly efficient method to store just the relevant data required for the ToF computation. This method makes use of the shifted inter-frame histogram. It requires a memory as low as 128 times smaller than storing the complete histogram if the pixel values are coded on up to 15 bits. Moreover, a fixed 2 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">8</sup> words memory is enough to process histograms containing up to 2 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">15</sup> bins. In exchange, the overall frame rate only decreases to one half. The hardware implementation of this algorithm is presented. Its remarkable robustness for a low SNR of the ToF estimation is demonstrated by Matlab simulations and FPGA implementation using input data from a SPAD camera prototype.
Relaxation of retinal pericyte contractile tone through the nitric oxide-cyclic guanosine monophosphate pathway. (1994)

Sodium nitroprusside, which releases nitric oxide, strongly relaxes pericytes through an increase of cGMP. Therefore, the presence of the endothelium-derived relaxing factor nitric oxide in the microcirculation can modulate the tone of pericytes, and it thus has the potential to influence blood flow in capillaries.
Disentangled Multidimensional Metric Learning for Music Similarity (2020)

Music similarity search is useful for a variety of creative tasks such as replacing one music recording with another recording with a similar "feel", a common task in video editing. For this task, it is typically necessary to define a similarity metric to compare one recording to another. Music similarity, however, is hard to define and depends on multiple simultaneous notions of similarity (i.e. genre, mood, instrument, tempo). While prior work ignore this issue, we embrace this idea and introduce the concept of multidimensional similarity and unify both global and specialized similarity metrics into a single, semantically disentangled multidimensional similarity metric. To do so, we adapt a variant of deep metric learning called conditional similarity networks to the audio domain and extend it using track-based information to control the specificity of our model. We evaluate our method and show that our single, multidimensional model outperforms both specialized similarity spaces and alternative baselines. We also run a user-study and show that our approach is favored by human annotators as well.
Synthesis of β-Lactones by the Regioselective, Cobalt and Lewis Acid Catalyzed Carbonylation of Simple and Functionalized Epoxides (2001)

The PPNCo(CO)(4) and BF(3) x Et(2)O catalyzed carbonylation of simple and functionalized epoxides in DME gives the corresponding beta-lactones regioselectively in good to high yields. The carbonylation occurred selectively at the unsubstituted C-O bond of the epoxide ring, and this reaction tolerates various functional groups such as alkenyl, halide, hydroxy, and alkyl ether.
The neuropeptide head activator is a high-affinity ligand for the orphan G-protein-coupled receptor GPR37 (2006)

The neuropeptide head activator (HA) is a mitogen for mammalian cell lines of neuronal or neuroendocrine origin. HA signalling is mediated by a G-protein-coupled receptor (GPCR). Orphan GPCRs with homology to peptide receptors were screened for HA interaction. Electrophysiological recordings in frog oocytes and in mammalian cell lines as well as Ca(2+) mobilisation assays revealed nanomolar affinities of HA to GPR37. HA signal transduction through GPR37 was mediated by an inhibitory G protein and required Ca(2+) influx through a channel of the transient receptor potential (TRP) family. It also required activation of Ca(2+)-dependent calmodulin kinase and phosphoinositide 3-kinase. Respective inhibitors blocked HA signalling and HA-induced mitosis in GPR37-expressing cells. HA treatment resulted in internalisation of GPR37. Overexpression of GPR37 led to aggregate formation, retention of the receptor in the cytoplasm and low survival rates of transfected cells, confirming the notion that misfolded GPR37 contributes to cell death, as observed in Parkinson's disease.
دور عناصر التدقيق التسويقي في الاداء التسويقي دراسة استطلاعية لاراء عينة من مديري الوحدات في مصانع انتاج المياه المعدنية في السليمانية (2022)

يهدف البحث الى تحديد العلاقة والتاثير لعناصر التدقيق التسويقي في الاداء التسويقي لمصانع انتاج المياه المعدنية في محافظة السليمانية، واستخدام في البحث المنهج الوصفي التحليلي لاختبار عينة عشوائية مكونة من (67) بوظائف مديري المصانع والاقسام والوحدات في المصانع المبحوثة عينة البحث،واستخدمت الاستبانة وسيلة في جمع البيانات لقياس ابعاد البحث عن طريق معرفة وجود الارتباط والتاثير بين عناصر التدقيق التسويقي والاداء التسويقي للمصانع المبحوثة للإجابة عن تساؤلات مشكلة البحث والوصول إلى الاهداف الموضوعة ،وقد تم استخدام عدد من الاساليب الاحصائية من اجل معالجة البيانات والوصول للنتائج باستخدام البرنامج الاحصائي (spss) ، وتوصل البحث الى مجموعة استنتاجات اهمها ( أن أكثر المتغيرات التي أخضعت للدراسة تأثيرا في الاداء التسويقي كان تدقيق النظم التسويقة ، ثم جاءت المتغيرات الأخرى وهي تدقيق الانتاجية التسويقية، وتدقيق التنظيم التسويقي وتدقيق الاستراتيجية التسويقية، وتدقيق البيئة التسويقية متسلسلة التأثير فضلا عن تأثيرها كان تأثيرها معنويا) .
Black glasses, bulk and fibers: Obtaining information in the infrared (2000)

International audience
Ecdysone agonists: Mechanism and importance in controlling insect pests of agriculture and forestry (2003)

Molting is the result of the expression of a cascade of genes that is sequentially both up and down-regulated by the molting hormone, 20-hydroxyecdysone (20E), which is secreted as a pulse during each instar. Benzoyl hydrazine analogs of 20E act like the native molting hormone at the molecular level by binding with the ecdysone receptor complex and transactivating a succession of molt initiating transcription factors that, in turn, induce the expression of a group of molt-related genes. As a result of the expression of these up-regulated genes, the larva undergoes apolysis and head capsule slippage and takes on the appearance of the pharate larva. However, unlike 20E, which is cleared at this juncture, allowing the down-regulated genes to be expressed, these synthetic analogs bind strongly to the receptors and remain in place and repress all the down-regulatory genes such as the ones necessary for cuticle elaboration, sclerotization, and ecdysis resulting in a developmental arrest in this state. As a result, the treated larva goes into a precocious incomplete molt that is lethal. Two of the analogs, tebufenozide and methoxyfenozide, are lepidopteran specific and have good control potential for open feeding larvae that ingest this material while a third one, halofenozide, acts on coleopteran larvae. Since they specifically act through an insect receptor complex, they have little or no effect on non-target species, making them environmentally attractive pest control agents. Some insects, however, show resistance to these analogs and this could be, inter alia, due to an ATP Binding Cassette Transporter like system that selectively pumps out the analogs.
Mechanism of signaling by growth hormone receptor (1996)

Growth hormone (GH) has long been known to stimulate linear growth and regulate metabolism. The cellular mechanism by which GH elicits these effects has only recently begun to be understood. This review provides an overview of a current model of GH signaling. Briefly, binding of GH to GH receptor induces receptor dimerization and activation of the tyrosine kinase JAK2. Tyrosyl phosphorylation of GH receptor and JAK2 recruits and activates signaling molecules such as Stat transcription factors, SHC, and insulin receptor substrates 1 and 2 that lead to the release of second messengers such as diacylglycerol, calcium, and nitric oxide and the activation of enzymes such as mitogen-activated protein kinase, protein kinase C, phospholipase A2, and phosphatidylinositol 3'-kinase. These pathways regulate cellular function including gene transcription, metabolite transport, and enzymatic activity that result in the ability of GH to control body growth and metabolism.
IMMOBILIZATION OF GLUCOSE OXIDASE ON NANO STRUCTURE OF GRAPHENE APPLIED IN BLOOD GLUCOSE SENSORS (2012)

: Background: Enzymes Immobilization methods on the fixed bed are very important for recovery, reuse and also increasing catalytic activity of enzyme. In the beginning of this review we define immobilization, then methods of enzyme immobilization are presented. Then immobilization of glucose Oxidase (Gox) on grapheme substrate and determination of glucose by this catalyst is described. Gox is a biocatalyst that accelerates the reaction of Hydrogen Peroxide production from glucose. Most of the conventional glucometers for sensing blood glucose follow this method. In this review, all the recent articles correspond to new advantages of glucose sensing based on graphene substrate are discussed. Materials and Methods: Due to the novelty of this method, there are few reports about graphene based sensors e.g. the first one was reported on 2009. Novelties lead to increasing bio-compatibility for in vivo application of sensors, decreasing LOD of sensor. Conclusion: Due to increasing importance of chemical and biochemical sensors in early diagnosis of disease, and also obvious perspective of sensor industries and special capabilities of nanotechlogy applications in this field, this is expected to diagnose many of the disease in early steps in a near future. Herald role of glucose sensors in rapid response and low limit of detection is remarkable. Graphene shows excellent properties such as bio compatibility, cost effective, rapid response and etc, than to the other members of nano-carbonic structres.
Critical evaluation of the streptozotocin model of painful diabetic neuropathy in the rat (1999)

Streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetes in the rat has been increasingly used as a model of painful diabetic neuropathy to assess the efficacies of potential analgesic agents. We have established this model, and here we question whether the changes in nocifensive reflex activity, used as a measure of hyperalgesia, are genuinely indicative of peripheral neuropathy or may rather be attributed to the extreme poor health of the animals. For comparison we have examined animals with peripheral neuropathy induced by partial ligation of the sciatic nerve. Diabetic animals were chronically ill, with reduced growth rate, polyuria, diarrhoea, and had enlarged and distended bladders. Indicative of their poor health, diabetic animals showed markedly reduced motor activity. In contrast, following partial sciatic nerve ligation rats showed none of these adverse effects and their motor activity was not different to naive animals. Diabetic animals displayed marked mechanical hyperalgesia, and some thermal hypoalgesia. Morphine and L-baclofen partially reversed established STZ-induced mechanical hyperalgesia, whilst the NK-1 receptor-antagonist RP-67580, the NMDA-antagonists MK801 and ketamine, and the nitric oxide synthase inhibitor L-NAME were without significant effect. Morphine and L-baclofen produced greater reversal of mechanical hyperalgesia following partial nerve ligation, although RP67580 and MK801 showed little or no activity. These data confirm previous findings that STZ-induced diabetes in rats produces long-lasting mechanical, but not thermal hyperalgesia. In our experience this mechanical hyperalgesia is largely resistant to a range of pharmacological tools. However, we feel that the profound ill-health of the animals, together with the poor activity of a range of potential analgesic drugs, must raise questions on the predictive value of these animals as a model for the human condition of chronic diabetic pain seen in patients receiving long-term insulin treatment, as well as ethical concerns on the use of the animals themselves.
Human monocytes both enhance and inhibit the growth of human pancreatic cancer in SCID mice. (2008)

Monocytes may both facilitate and suppress the growth of human tumours in SCID mice and both the number of monocytes, as well as the state of monocyte deactivation are critical for the final outcome of monocyte-tumour interactions.
Preferred orientation of TiN films studied by a real time synchrotron x-ray scattering (1997)

The orientational crossover phenomena in a radio frequency (rf) sputtering growth of TiN films were studied in in situ, real time synchrotron x-ray scattering experiments. For the films grown with pure Ar sputtering gas, the crossover from the (002)-oriented grains to the (111)-oriented grains occurred as the film thickness was increased. As the sputtering power was increased, the crossover thickness, at which the growth orientation changes from the 〈002〉 to the 〈111〉 direction, seemed to decrease. The addition of N2 besides Ar as sputtering gas suppressed the crossover, and consequently resulted in the (002) preferred orientation without exhibiting the crossover. We attribute the observed crossover phenomena to the competition between the surface and the strain energy. The x-ray powder diffraction, the x-ray reflectivity, and the ex situ atomic force microscopy surface topology studies consistently suggest that the microscopic growth front was in fact always the (002) planes. In the initial stage of growth, the (002) planes were aligned to the substrate surface to minimize the surface energy. At later stages, however, the (002) growth front tilted away from the surface by about 60° to relax the strain, which caused the crossover of the preferred growth direction to the 〈111〉 direction.
A Minimal Common Osteochondrocytic Differentiation Medium for the Osteogenic and Chondrogenic Differentiation of Bone Marrow Stromal Cells in the Construction of Osteochondral Graft (2009)

To regenerate the complex tissue such as bone-cartilage construct using tissue engineering approach, controllable differentiation of bone marrow stromal cells (BMSCs) into chondrogenic and osteogenic lineages is crucially important. This study proposes to test a minimum common osteochondrocytic differentiation medium (MCDM) formulated by including common soluble supplements (dexamethasone and ascorbic acid) used to induce chondrogenic and osteogenic differentiation. The MCDM coupled with supplemented growth factors was tested for its ability to differentiate BMSCs into osteogenic and chondrogenic lineages in both two-dimensional and three-dimensional culture systems. When transforming growth factor beta3 was added to MCDM, BMSCs differentiated to chondrocyte-like cells, evidenced by the expression of glycosaminoglycans and type II collagen, whereas osteogenic differentiation was induced by supplementing osteogenic protein-1, resulting in detectable expression of osteopontin and osteocalcin. These chondrogenic and osteogenic differentiation markers were significantly enhanced in the three-dimensional cultures compared to the two-dimensional monolayer cultures. The results achieved in this study lay a foundation for future development of osteochondral graft, which could be engineered from bilayered scaffold with spatially loaded growth factors to control BMSC differentiation.
Genetic Organization of the Region Encoding Regulation, Biosynthesis, and Transport of Rhizobactin 1021, a Siderophore Produced by <i>Sinorhizobium meliloti</i> (2001)

Eight genes have been identified that function in the regulation, biosynthesis, and transport of rhizobactin 1021, a hydroxamate siderophore produced under iron stress by Sinorhizobium meliloti. The genes were sequenced, and transposon insertion mutants were constructed for phenotypic analysis. Six of the genes, named rhbABCDEF, function in the biosynthesis of the siderophore and were shown to constitute an operon that is repressed under iron-replete conditions. Another gene in the cluster, named rhtA, encodes the outer membrane receptor protein for rhizobactin 1021. It was shown to be regulated by iron and to encode a product having 61% similarity to IutA, the outer membrane receptor for aerobactin. Transcription of both the rhbABCDEF operon and the rhtA gene was found to be positively regulated by the product of the eighth gene in the cluster, named rhrA, which has characteristics of an AraC-type transcriptional activator. The six genes in the rhbABCDEF operon have interesting gene junctions with short base overlaps existing between the genes. Similarities between the protein products of the biosynthesis genes and other proteins suggest that rhizobactin 1021 is synthesized by the formation of a novel siderophore precursor, 1,3-diaminopropane, which is then modified and attached to citrate in steps resembling those of the aerobactin biosynthetic pathway. The cluster of genes is located on the pSyma megaplasmid of S. meliloti 2011. Reverse transcription-PCR with RNA isolated from mature alfalfa nodules yielded no products for rhbF or rhtA at a time when the nifH gene was strongly expressed, indicating that siderophore biosynthesis and transport genes are not strongly expressed when nitrogenase is being formed in root nodules. Mutants having transposon insertions in the biosynthesis or transport genes induced effective nitrogen-fixing nodules on alfalfa plants.
Screening of Paclitaxel-Binding Molecules from a Library of Random Peptides Displayed on T7 Phage Particles Using Paclitaxel-Photoimmobilized Resin (2007)

Paclitaxel (Taxol), an effective anticancer agent, is known to bind to tubulin and induce tubulin polymerization. Several other binding proteins of paclitaxel, such as Bcl-2, heat shock proteins, and NSC-1, have also been reported. Here, we describe a T7 phage-based display to screen for paclitaxel-binding molecules from a random peptide library using paclitaxel-photoimmobilized TentaGel resin. Specific phage particles that bind the paclitaxel-immobilized resin were obtained. Among them, two phage clones included the same consensus amino acid sequence (KACGRTRVTS). Analysis of the protein database using BLAST revealed that a portion of this sequence is conserved in the zinc finger domain of human NFX1. Binding affinity of paclitaxel against the partial recombinant protein of NFX1 (424aa-876aa) was confirmed by pull-down assays and surface plasmon resonance analyses.
Dimethyl Sulfoxide Suppresses Mouse 4T1 Breast Cancer Growth by Modulating Tumor-Associated Macrophage Differentiation (2014)

Our findings suggest that DMSO could exert antitumor effects in 4T1 cancer-bearing mice by reversing TAM orientation and polarization from M2- to M1-type TAMs. These data may provide novel insight into studying breast cancer immunotherapy.
MATERIAL FROM THE 'MUSAEUM' OF RALPH THORESBY (1658 1725) PRESERVED AT BURTON CONSTABLE HALL, EAST YORKSHIRE (1998)

The museum of Ralph Thoresby (1658–1725) of Leeds was dispersed soon after his death and, until now, very few items therefrom have been traced However, nineteen specimens have recently been discovered amongst the collections assembled by William Constable (1721–91) at Burton Constable Hall, East Yorkshire. The newly recognized Thoresby items at Burton Constable include geological, zoological, archaeological and ethnographic specimens William Constable appears to have acquired them via Dr John Burton (1697–1771) of York A manuscript list survives which indicates that Constable once possessed more than fifty-five items or groups of items, from the Musœum Thoresbyanum At least seven of these ex-Thoresby items, not now traceable, can be shown to have passed into the museum founded by George Wallis (1731–1803), a gunsmith and antiquary of Hull.