gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Rule-Based Problem Classification in IT Service Management (2009)

Problem management is a critical and expensive element for delivering IT service management and touches various levels of managed IT infrastructure. While problem management has been mostly reactive, recent work is studying how to leverage large problem ticket information from similar IT infrastructures to probatively predict the onset of problems. Because of the sheer size and complexity of problem tickets, supervised learning algorithms have been the method of choice for problem ticket classification, relying on labeled (or pre-classified) tickets from one managed infrastructure to automatically create signatures for similar infrastructures. However, where there are insufficient preclassified data, leveraging human expertise to develop classification rules can be more efficient. In this paper, we describe a rule-based crowdsourcing approach, where experts can author classification rules and a social networking-based platform (called xPad) is used to socialize and execute these rules by large practitioner communities. Using real data sets from several large IT delivery centers, we demonstrate that this approach balances between two key criteria: accuracy and cost effectiveness.
Transformer Transducer: A Streamable Speech Recognition Model with Transformer Encoders and RNN-T Loss (2020)

In this paper we present an end-to-end speech recognition model with Transformer encoders that can be used in a streaming speech recognition system. Transformer computation blocks based on self-attention are used to encode both audio and label sequences independently. The activations from both audio and label encoders are combined with a feed-forward layer to compute a probability distribution over the label space for every combination of acoustic frame position and label history. This is similar to the Recurrent Neural Network Transducer (RNN-T) model, which uses RNNs for information encoding instead of Transformer encoders. The model is trained with the RNN-T loss well-suited to streaming decoding. We present results on the LibriSpeech dataset showing that limiting the left context for self-attention in the Transformer layers makes decoding computationally tractable for streaming, with only a slight degradation in accuracy. We also show that the full attention version of our model beats the-state-of-the art accuracy on the LibriSpeech benchmarks. Our results also show that we can bridge the gap between full attention and limited attention versions of our model by attending to a limited number of future frames.
Improving the data quality of relational databases using OBDA and OWL 2 QL (2009)

The Semantic Web aims to enable the integration and sharing of data across different applications and organizations. A first step toward reaching this goal is a closer cooperation between the best technology to deal with large volumes of data, i.e. currently relational DBMS, and ontologies. The Ontology-Based Data
Universal Style Transfer via Feature Transforms (2017)

Universal style transfer aims to transfer arbitrary visual styles to content images. Existing feed-forward based methods, while enjoying the inference efficiency, are mainly limited by inability of generalizing to unseen styles or compromised visual quality. In this paper, we present a simple yet effective method that tackles these limitations without training on any pre-defined styles. The key ingredient of our method is a pair of feature transforms, whitening and coloring, that are embedded to an image reconstruction network. The whitening and coloring transforms reflect direct matching of feature covariance of the content image to a given style image, which shares similar spirits with the optimization of Gram matrix based cost in neural style transfer. We demonstrate the effectiveness of our algorithm by generating high-quality stylized images with comparisons to a number of recent methods. We also analyze our method by visualizing the whitened features and synthesizing textures by simple feature coloring.
Trust management through reputation mechanisms (2000)

The members of electronic communities are often unrelated to each other; they may have never met and have no information on each other's reputation. This kind of information is vital in electronic commerce interactions, where the potential counterpart's reputation can be a significant factor in the negotiation strategy. Two complementary reputation mechanisms are investigated which rely on collaborative rating and personalized evaluation of the various ratings assigned to each user. While these reputation mechanisms are developed in the context of electronic commerce, it is believed that they may have applicability in other types of electronic communities such as chatrooms, newsgroups, mailing lists, etc.
Fiber-optic extrinsic Fabry–Perot interferometer sensors with three-wavelength digital phase demodulation (1999)

A three-wavelength-based passive quadrature digital phase-demodulation scheme has been developed for readout of fiber-optic extrinsic Fabry-Perot interferometer vibration, acoustic, and strain sensors. This scheme uses a superluminescent diode light source with interference filters in front of the photodiodes and real-time arctan calculation. Quasi-static strain and dynamic vibration sensing with up to an 80-kHz sampling rate is demonstrated. Periodic nonlinearities owing to dephasing with increasing fringe number are corrected for with a suitable algorithm, resulting in significant improvement of the linearity of the sensor characteristics.
Blends of a thermotropic LCP and a thermoplastic elastomer. II: Formation and stability of LCP fibers (1994)

Abstract The formation of fibers during blending of a thermotropic liquid crystalline polymer (LCP) with a thermoplastic elastomer (TPE) using shear flow, and the stability of the fibers and the blend morphologies at elevated temperatures were studied. The polymers used were Vectra A900 (LCP) and Kraton G1650 (TPE). Fiber formation in (predominantly) shear flow was studied using a single screw extruder of which the die was removed. Fibers were obtained in blends with 5 vol% LCP at shear rates as low as 6.3 s −1 . Conventional extrusion through a die was used for preparing materials for the studies of the thermal stability of blends and isolated fibers–isolated LCP‐fibers surrounded by a TPE‐matrix disintegrate when held above the melting point of the LCP. Annealing of the blends at this melting temperature results in changes of the morphology and in a fairly rapid decrease of the modulus of elasticity.
Placeto: Learning Generalizable Device Placement Algorithms for Distributed Machine Learning (2019)

We present Placeto, a reinforcement learning (RL) approach to efficiently find device placements for distributed neural network training. Unlike prior approaches that only find a device placement for a specific computation graph, Placeto can learn generalizable device placement policies that can be applied to any graph. We propose two key ideas in our approach: (1) we represent the policy as performing iterative placement improvements, rather than outputting a placement in one shot; (2) we use graph embeddings to capture relevant information about the structure of the computation graph, without relying on node labels for indexing. These ideas allow Placeto to train efficiently and generalize to unseen graphs. Our experiments show that Placeto requires up to 6.1x fewer training steps to find placements that are on par with or better than the best placements found by prior approaches. Moreover, Placeto is able to learn a generalizable placement policy for any given family of graphs, which can then be used without any retraining to predict optimized placements for unseen graphs from the same family. This eliminates the large overhead incurred by prior RL approaches whose lack of generalizability necessitates re-training from scratch every time a new graph is to be placed.
Synthesis and in Vitro Antimalarial Testing of Neocryptolepines: SAR Study for Improved Activity by Introduction and Modifications of Side Chains at C2 and C11 on Indolo[2,3-<i>b</i>]quinolines (2013)

To obtain a high antimalarial activity with neocryptolepine derivatives, modifying and changing the side chains at the C11 position with varying the substituents of an electron-withdrawing or electron-donating nature at the C2 position for a SAR study were executed. Installation of alkylamino and ω-aminoalkylamino groups at the C11 position of the neocryptolepine core was successful. For further variation, the aminoalkylamino substituents were transformed into the corresponding acyclic or cyclic carbamides or thiocarbamides. These side chain modified neocryptolepine derivatives were tested for antimalarial activity against CQR (K1) and CQS (NF54) of Plasmodium falciparum in vitro and for cytotoxicity toward mammalian L6 cells. Among the tested compounds, the compound 17f showed an IC50 of 2.2 nM for CQS (NF54) and a selectivity index of 1400, and 17i showed an IC50 of 2.2 nM for CQR (K1), a selectivity index of 1243, and a resistance index of 0.5.
A concise review: Iron absorption—The mucin‐mobilferrin‐integrin pathway. A competitive pathway for metal absorption (1993)

Newly identified iron binding proteins isolated from rat duodenal homogenates permit better understanding of iron absorption. Mucins bind iron at acid pH to keep iron soluble and available for absorption at the more alkaline pH of the duodenum; this explains iron deficiency following prolonged achlorhydria. Integrin (90/150 kD) was identified on the absorptive surface of enterocytes in association with radioiron and is believed to facilitate transit of iron through the microvillous membrane. Mobilferrin, a 56 kD iron binding protein, was isolated from enterocyte cytosol. It coprecipitates with integrin and appears in close association with integrins in the apical cytoplasm. We postulate it accepts dietary iron from integrin and acts as the shuttle protein for iron in the cytoplasm. Since iron in enterocytes remains in equilibrium with body stores, we postulate mucosal iron uptake is regulated by the number of iron binding sites either occupied or unoccupied by iron on mobilferrin. Iron repletion of enterocytes from body stores is accomplished via transferrin receptors on the posterolateral membranes of enterocytes. Increased transfer of iron from blood into absorptive enterocytes occurs in iron replete animals to inhibit mucosal uptake of dietary iron. Little transfer of iron from plasma to enterocytes occurs in iron deficiency. Enhanced mucosal transfer of iron into the body occurs with increased body need for iron. The exact mechanism for mucosal transfer of iron into the plasma has not been defined but may also be mediated by an integrin.
T-lymphocytic leukemia expresses complex, branched O-linked oligosaccharides on a major sialoglycoprotein, leukosialin (1991)

Leukocytes express a major sialoglycoprotein, leukosialin, of which the apparent molecular weight (mol wt) can be variable according to the differences in O-glycans attached to this molecule. In the present study, we analyzed the structures of O-glycans attached to leukosialin present in various T-lymphocytic leukemia cells. T-lymphoid cells from patients with acute T-lymphocytic leukemia express a large amount of the branched hexasaccharides, NeuNAc alpha 2----3Gal beta 1----3(NeuNAc alpha 2----3Gal beta 1----4GlcNAc beta 1----6)GalNAc, which are also expressed in activated normal T lymphocytes, but that are almost absent in resting normal T lymphocytes. T-lymphoid cells from patients with chronic T-lymphocytic leukemia, on the other hand, mainly express the tetrasaccharides NeuNAc alpha 2----3Gal beta 1----3(NeuNAc alpha 2----6)GalNAc on leukosialin, but they also express a small significant amount of the hexasaccharides. The same hexasaccharides can be detected in thymocytes. The increased amount of the hexasaccharides in acute leukemia is associated with increased activity of beta 1----6 GlcNAc-transferase, a key enzyme in forming the hexasaccharides. Immunoblot analysis of cell lysates showed that monoclonal antibody (MoAb) T-305 reacts preferentially with leukosialin of high mol wt containing the hexasaccharides. These findings indicate that T-lymphocytic leukemia cells reexpress the oligosaccharides present in immature cells.
Magnetic and recording properties of Co/Pd islands on prepatterned substrates (2004)

Magnetically isolated single domain islands with perpendicular anisotropy have been prepared by depositing Co/Pd multilayer films on prepatterned sub-50 nm SiO2/Si islands. The island arrays were fabricated by both direct write electron beam lithography and nanoimprinting. Nanoimprinting allows the creation of large area, 4 mm×4 mm, samples appropriate for characterization by conventional measurement techniques. Magnetic force microscopy and vibrating sample magnetometry showed that the reversal behavior of the patterned islands is quite different from that of the continuous films with a large increase in both switching field and switching field distribution. Recording on island arrays with a periodicity of 100 nm, produced from prepatterned substrates, was demonstrated using a quasistatic tester.
Interkeukin‐34, a cytokine crucial for the differentiation and maintenance of tissue resident macrophages and <scp>L</scp>angerhans cells (2014)

IL ‐34 is a recently discovered cytokine that acts on tissue resident macrophages and L angerhans cells upon binding the receptor for CSF ‐1, CSF ‐1 R . The existence of two ligands for CSF ‐1 R , IL ‐34, and CSF ‐1, raises several intriguing questions. Are IL ‐34 and CSF ‐1 redundant or does each perform temporally and spatially distinct functions? Is IL ‐34 involved in human pathology? Would therapeutic strategies based on selective inhibition or administration of either IL ‐34 or CSF ‐1 be advantageous for preventing human pathology? Recent in vivo studies indicate that IL ‐34 promotes the development, survival, and function of microglia and L angerhans cells; therefore, this cytokine may predominately function in brain and skin biology. Here, we review the evidence for IL ‐34 as a key cytokine in the development and function of these two diverse cell types and discuss its potential role in pathological conditions.
Single-event upset and snapback in silicon-on-insulator devices and integrated circuits (2000)

The characteristics of ion-induced charge collection and single-event upset are studied in silicon-on-insulator (SOI) transistors and circuits with various body tie structures. Impact ionization effects, including single-event snapback, are shown to be very important. Focused ion microbeam experiments are used to find single-event snapback drain voltage thresholds in n-channel SOI transistors as a function of device width. Three-dimensional device simulations are used to determine single-event upset and snapback thresholds in SOI SRAMs, and to study design tradeoffs for various body-tie structures. A window of vulnerability to single-event snapback is shown to exist below the single-event upset threshold. The presence of single-event snapback in commercial SOI SRAMs is confirmed through broadbeam ion testing, and implications for hardness assurance testing of SOI integrated circuits are discussed.
Synthesis, structure, and additive properties of a novel macrocyclic polydisulfide (1976)

Preparation and antiwear and antioxidant properties of a 16-membered ring polydisulfide are reported. Results of structure studies are included along with data on performance of lubricant additive. (JRD)
Split-and-Combine Singular Value Decomposition for Large-Scale Matrix (2013)

The singular value decomposition (SVD) is a fundamental matrix decomposition in linear algebra. It is widely applied in many modern techniques, for example, high- dimensional data visualization, dimension reduction, data mining, latent semantic analysis, and so forth. Although the SVD plays an essential role in these fields, its apparent weakness is the order three computational cost. This order three computational cost makes many modern applications infeasible, especially when the scale of the data is huge and growing. Therefore, it is imperative to develop a fast SVD method in modern era. If the rank of matrix is much smaller than the matrix size, there are already some fast SVD approaches. In this paper, we focus on this case but with the additional condition that the data is considerably huge to be stored as a matrix form. We will demonstrate that this fast SVD result is sufficiently accurate, and most importantly it can be derived immediately. Using this fast method, many infeasible modern techniques based on the SVD will become viable.
Energy Harvesting Using Nanowires? (2008)

DOI: 10.1002/adma.200800272. An error appears in the above article. The correct representation of reference [19] is as follows: [19] S. C. Masmanidis, R. B. Karabalin, I. D. Vlaminck, G. Borghs, M. Freeman, M. L. Roukes, 2007, 317, 780.
Free-energy-based Reinforcement Learning in a Partially Observable Environment (2010)

Abstract. Free-energy-based reinforcement learning (FERL) can handle Markov decision processes (MDPs) with high-dimensional state spaces by approximating the state-action value function with the negative equilibrium free energy of a restricted Boltzmann machine (RBM). In this study, we extend the FERL framework to handle partially observable MDPs (POMDPs) by incorporating a recurrent neural network that learns a memory representation sufficient for predicting future observations and rewards. We demonstrate that the proposed method successfully solves POMDPs with high-dimensional observations without any prior knowledge of the environmental hidden states and dynamics. After learning, task structures are implicitly represented in the distributed activation patterns of hidden nodes of the RBM. 1
Palladium-catalyzed cycloisomerizations of enynes and related reactions (1990)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTPalladium-catalyzed cycloisomerizations of enynes and related reactionsBarry M. TrostCite this: Acc. Chem. Res. 1990, 23, 2, 34–42Publication Date (Print):February 1, 1990Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 February 1990https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ar00170a004https://doi.org/10.1021/ar00170a004research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views2956Altmetric-Citations446LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
A ???Bubble-Tip??? (Airguide??) Tracheal Tube System (1994)

Epistaxis and tubal obstruction in the subglottic region are difficulties encountered during nasotracheal intubation. Trauma to the nasal airway must be avoided, especially in patients receiving anticoagulant therapy. In addition, smooth passage of the tracheal tube through the larynx is desired. The tip of an Airguide tracheal tube system has a soft, round, glossy balloon head which should be less traumatic to the nasal mucosa than other more commonly used tubes. We, therefore, determined whether the Airguide reduces the incidence of epistaxis and increases smooth passage of the tracheal tube in the subglottic region during nasotracheal intubation. Sixty-six patients were divided into two groups, Airguide (n = 39) and Standard (n = 27). Each group was divided into two subgroups, topical epinephrine application as a mucosal decongestant and non-epinephrine. The incidences of epistaxis and smooth passage were compared between the two groups. The Airguide group had a significantly lower incidence of epistaxis (9/39 vs 13/26; P < 0.05; bleeding was not checked in one patient in the Standard group) and provided a significantly smoother passage in the subglottic region than the Standard group (tube impingement in the subglottic region, 0/39 vs 11/27; P < 0.01). There was no significant difference in the incidence of epistaxis between the subgroups with and without topical application of epinephrine. The Airguide helps to minimize epistaxis and increases navigability in the subglottic region during nasotracheal intubation.
Evaluation of the viability of In-111-labeled DTPA coupled to fibrinogen. (1982)

In earlier work, DTPA has been covalently coupled to albumin via the cyclic anhydride of DTPA. Using fibrinogen, we have studied the effect of such coupling on protein viability by both an in vitro and an in vivo assay. Clotting time remained identical to that of the native protein whether the anhydride-to-protein molar ratio was 1:1 or 5:1. In vivo studies were done in dogs, with human fibrinogen labeled with 1-125 and In-111. Throughout 130 hr, blood clearances for the two tracers agreed whether with 1:1 or 5:1 coupling. In a dog model with a thrombogenic catheter, the clot-to-blood ratios for the two radiotracers agreed within experimental error. Finally, 1:1-coupled canine fibrinogen, labeled with In-111, was administered to dogs with a catheter in a jugular vein, and scintigrams at 24 hr clearly showed clotting along the length of the catheter. We conclude that fibrinogen, coupled to DTPA, retains its viability, behaving like radioiodinated fibrinogen in vivo, and In-111 labeled fibrinogen looks promising as a clinical diagnostic agent.
A prototype broadcast-and-select photonic ATM switch with a WDM output buffer (1998)

A rack-mounted prototype of a broadcast-and-select (B and S) photonic ATM switch is fabricated. This switch has an optical output buffer utilizing wavelength division multiplexed (WDM) signals. The WDM technology solves. The cell-collision problem in a broadcast-and-select network and leads to a simple network architecture and the broadcast/multicast function. The prototype can handle 10-Gb/s nonreturn-to-zero (NRZ) coded cells and 5-Gb/s Manchester-coded cells and has a switch size of four. In this prototype, the level and timing design are key issues. Cell-by-cell level fluctuation is overcome by minimizing the loss difference between the optical paths and adopting a differential receiver capable of auto-thresholding. The temperature control of delay lines was successful in maintaining the phase synchronization. Using these techniques, we are able to provide a WDM highway with a bit error rate of less than 10/sup -12/. Fundamental photonic ATM switching functions, such as optical buffering and fast wavelength-channel selection, are achieved. We show our experimental results and demonstrate the high performance and stable operation of a photonic ATM switch for use in high-speed optical switching systems as an interconnect switch for a modular ATM switch and an ATM cross-connect switch.
Relations among the number of Citations, References and Authors: Revisited (2012)

Relations among references, citations and authors are studied based on the data collected from two journals – Annals of Mathematics and Econometrica. The distribution of citations in the field of mathematics and econometrics was also identified -- the lognormal distribution fits the empirical data on citations. It has also been observed that the linear relation between references and citations, authors and citations, references and citation per year and authors and citation per year is very weak.