gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Towards Computer-Aided Diagnostics of Screening Mammography Using Content-Based Image Retrieval (2011)

Screening mammography has been established worldwide for early detection of breast cancer, one of the main causes of death among women in occidental countries. In this paper, we aim at moving towards computer-aided diagnostics of screening mammography. Tissue and lesion are classified using the methodology of content-based image retrieval. In addition, we aim at comprehensive evaluation and have established a large database of annotated reference images (ground truth), which has been merged and unified from different sources publicly available to research. In total, 10,509 mammographic images have been collected from the different sources. From this, 3,375 images are provided with one and 430 radiographs with more than one chain code annotations. This data supports experiments with up to 12 classes, and 233 images per class if a equal distribution is required. Using a two-dimensional principal component analysis with four eigenvalues and a support vector machine with Gaussian kernel for feature extraction and image retrieval, respectively, the precision of computer-aided diagnosis is above 80%. It therefore may be used as second opinion in screening mammography.
Enhanced Dissolution of Ibuprofen Using Solid Dispersion with Polyethylene Glycol 20000 (2008)

To improve its dissolution, ibuprofen solid dispersions (SDs) were prepared in a relatively easy and simple manner, characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and evaluated for solubility and in vitro drug release. Loss of individual surface properties during melting and re-solidification as revealed by SEM micrographs indicated the formation of effective SDs. Absence or shifting toward the lower melting temperature of the drug peak in SDs in DSC study indicated the possibilities of drug-polymer interactions. FTIR spectra showed the presence of drug crystalline in SDs. The effect of improved dissolution on the oral absorption of ibuprofen in rats was also studied. Quicker release of ibuprofen from SDs in rat intestine resulted in a significant increase in AUC and C(max), and a significant decrease in T(max) over pure ibuprofen. Preliminary results from this study suggested that the preparation of fast dissolving ibuprofen SDs by low-temperature melting method using polyethylene glycol 20000 as a meltable hydrophilic polymer carrier could be a promising approach to improve solubility, dissolution, and absorption rate of ibuprofen.
Synthesis and Biological Evaluation of N-(Aminopyridine) Benzamide Analogues as Histone Deacetylase Inhibitors (2012)

A series of benzamide-based histone deacetylases (HDACs) inhibitors possessing N-(aminopyridine) residue as the zinc binding site of HDAC were synthesized and evaluated. Among these derivatives, compounds with N-(2-amino-4-pyridine) benzamide moiety have been found as the most potent ones. Moreover, introduction of appropriate substituents on the terminal aryl group acting as the surface-recognition domain could significantly improve the antiproliferative activity. In particular, the compound 4k possessed favorable pharmacokinetic characteristics and exhibited potent antitumor activity on xenograft model in mice at well tolerated doses, thus suggesting a good therapeutic index.
Mild Traumatic Brain Injury Results in Extensive Neuronal Degeneration in the Cerebral Cortex (2011)

Mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI) leads to long-term cognitive and emotional difficulties and behavioral disturbances, but the diagnosis and treatment of mTBI have historically been hampered by a lack of evidence-based correlates of these clinical manifestations. Unlike moderate and severe TBI, mTBI does not show significant tissue lesions or cavities in the cortex. Moreover, neuroimaging by magnetic resonance imaging or computed tomography is usually negative, suggesting that the damage is beyond the resolution of current structure-based scanning technologies. Therefore, we investigated the morphologies of spared neurons in the mouse cortex after mTBI in a controlled cortical impact injury model. Our results indicate that, although mTBI caused only a mild extent of cell death, it led to extensive dendrite degeneration and synapse reduction in the cortex in this model. This study sheds light on the neuropathologic consequences of mTBI in humans and suggests that neurodegeneration may be a novel target for developing diagnostic methods and therapeutic approaches for mTBI.
Vref optimization in DDR4 RDIMMs for improved timing margins (2014)

JEDEC DDR4 SDRAM adopted the internal Data (DQ) reference voltage (VREFDQ) generation scheme as opposed to DDR3 SDRAM where VREF was generated by an external device that produced fixed (constant) voltage irrespective of the loading on the device, power supply variations, temperature changes, and the passage of time. With the introduction of Per DRAM Addressability (PDA) in DDR4 memory and the internal VREF combined, discussed in this paper is a novel approach to determine the best VREF settings for a given topology. We will use memory controller built-in-self-test (MCBIST) to get a stressed pattern in place of simple Multi Purpose Register (MPR) data pattern and will be exercised as part of post DRAM training. Data pattern complexity, total training time and accuracy of training are investigated and optimized. Initial training of the DRAM is done with the initial VREF calculated based on driver strength and On Die Termination (ODT) condition. Complexities of different VREF settings are applied on multiple ranks in the same DIMM using the PDA to maximize timing margin and power efficiency. Per-DRAM VREF training has been also performed using PDA to study tradeoff between timing margin and total training time. Our results show significant benefits with respect to PDA vs rank basis Vref training.
The Development of Articulated Buoyant Column Systems as an Aid to Economic Offshore Production (1980)

Abstract Floating or compliant platform systems are beginning to feature more strongly in proposed development scenarios, particularly in relation to economic production from both deeper waters and more complex or low reserve fields. This paper examines the applicability, function and performance of articulating buoyant column systems in such roles, as determined from a comprehensive research and development programme undertaken by Taylor Woodrow over the past three years. The scope of the programme, covering hydrodynamic, material and structural studies, interfacing with production technology and construction and economic assessments is described. Particular emphasis is placed upon the evaluation of the complex interaction between compliant structures and the environment. It is concluded that articulated columns can provide cost effective alternative production systems over a range of applications, with functional and technical benefits.
Coherent transient optical pulse-shape storage/recall using frequency-swept excitation pulses (1986)

We demonstrate that frequency-chirped laser excitation pulses may be employed to generate coherent transient signals possessing the same temporal profile as a particular excitation pulse. In comparison with the short, fixedfrequency pulses used in previous studies of this effect, chirped pulses can be temporally longer, of lower intensity, and hence easier to generate. The experiment was performed on the 555.6-nm transition of vapor-phase atomic ytterbium, and pulse-shape information was stored in a coherence between excited-state Zeeman levels. A simple theoretical analysis of our results is presented.
Alternating Hemiplegia of Childhood-Related Neural and Behavioural Phenotypes in Na+,K+-ATPase α3 Missense Mutant Mice (2013)

Missense mutations in ATP1A3 encoding Na(+),K(+)-ATPase α3 have been identified as the primary cause of alternating hemiplegia of childhood (AHC), a motor disorder with onset typically before the age of 6 months. Affected children tend to be of short stature and can also have epilepsy, ataxia and learning disability. The Na(+),K(+)-ATPase has a well-known role in maintaining electrochemical gradients across cell membranes, but our understanding of how the mutations cause AHC is limited. Myshkin mutant mice carry an amino acid change (I810N) that affects the same position in Na(+),K(+)-ATPase α3 as I810S found in AHC. Using molecular modelling, we show that the Myshkin and AHC mutations display similarly severe structural impacts on Na(+),K(+)-ATPase α3, including upon the K(+) pore and predicted K(+) binding sites. Behavioural analysis of Myshkin mice revealed phenotypic abnormalities similar to symptoms of AHC, including motor dysfunction and cognitive impairment. 2-DG imaging of Myshkin mice identified compromised thalamocortical functioning that includes a deficit in frontal cortex functioning (hypofrontality), directly mirroring that reported in AHC, along with reduced thalamocortical functional connectivity. Our results thus provide validation for missense mutations in Na(+),K(+)-ATPase α3 as a cause of AHC, and highlight Myshkin mice as a starting point for the exploration of disease mechanisms and novel treatments in AHC.
Particle Dynamics in a Front-Opening Unified Pod/Load Port Unit Minienvironment in the Presence of a 300 mm Wafer in Various Positions (2005)

This article reports airflow, particle transport, and pressure differential control of a front-opening unified pod/load port unit (FOUP/LPU) minienvironment system using both experimental and computational fluid dynamics (CFD) approaches. The stochastic tracking approach in the Discrete Phase Model of Fluent software was adopted to predict particle trajectory. The predicted velocity vectors were verified by experimental ones, which were measured by a 3D ultrasonic anemometer. Particles from the upper edge of the FOUP produce a greater contamination risk than those from the lower edge of the FOUP. Particles generated on the moving part of the LPU can be entrained to the back surface of wafer in the bottom position. The parameters that affect the pressure differential between the minienvironment and surrounding environment were analyzed. The minimum pressure differential required to prevent particles from ingression to the minienvironment was determined.
Using Sensitivity Analysis to Validate Bayesian Networks for Airplane Subsystem Diagnosis (2006)

In this paper, we introduce our practice of building Bayesian networks for airplane subsystem diagnosis. We use an efficient sensitivity analysis method to validate our diagnostic models. The algorithm is based on relevance-based decomposition in joint tree computation framework. We also describe how to use sensitivity analysis in model elicitation procedure to validate Bayesian network models based on our practice of model building for airplane subsystem fault isolation.
La violazione dell’autorizzazione allo scarico di acque reflue tra sostanze pericolose, limiti tabellari e misure cautelari (2015)

L?attivit? d?impresa pu? avere effetti negativi nei confronti degli ecosistemi, in particolare dell?acqua. Il legislatore europeo ha consolidato i suoi sforzi soprattutto verso l?introduzione di regole per proteggere le risorse idriche dalle sostanze pericolose. In relazione allo scarico delle acque reflue, la direttiva 2000/60/CE del Parlamento europeo e del Consiglio, del 23 ottobre 2000 (GU n. L 327 del 22/12/2000), definisce il quadro per l?azione comunitaria in materia di acque, sulla base di un approccio integrato alla pianificazione e gestione delle risorse idriche. In tale contesto l?Italia ? chiamata ad adottare misure concrete per evitare il deterioramento dello stato di tutti gli elementi delle acque sotterranee, vietando in esse l?immissione delle sostanze inquinanti elencate negli allegati della direttiva. L?obiettivo generale del provvedimento europeo ? quello di raggiungere il "buono stato" delle acque superficiali, utilizzando - come riferimento - la comunit? scientifica internazionale e determinati parametri e indicatori chimico-fisici. Nell?ordinamento italiano, inoltre, esiste nel Codice dell?ambiente una specifica disciplina autorizzatoria sugli obblighi del gestore di uno scarico di acque con sostanze pericolose, fondata sul principio dello "sviluppo sostenibile", che sempre pi? frequentemente deve essere coordinata con gli strumenti preventivi cautelari disposti dal codice di procedura penale.
Asset health management using predictive and prescriptive analytics for the electric power grid (2016)

Electric utilities make up an asset-intensive industry with a broad geographical spread of assets, such as poles, transformers, cables, and switchgear. The utilities face a backlog of aging assets that are pending replacement. Increasingly, a consensus has been reached on moving away from time-based maintenance planning of assets to developing a proactive and smarter asset health management program to meet the competing constraints of reducing customer downtimes, meeting regulatory standards, and managing ever-expanding infrastructure within budget. Incomplete information, fragmented data, and a diversity of asset classes collectively make a holistic assessment of the grid extremely challenging. Working with DTE Energy and Alliander N.V., IBM Research has developed advanced analytics to model asset health and network reliability by predicting the aging of assets, identifying the remaining lifecycle, and computing the network robustness. The analytics exploit data from multiple systems such as enterprise asset management, work management, geographic information systems, supervisory control and data acquisition systems, advanced metering infrastructure, weather systems, and outage management systems. The algorithms systematically evaluate asset health and prioritize preventive, proactive, and corrective maintenance strategies for all asset classes in the electrical network. We describe outcomes, summarizing an overall health score and risk ranking along with a suggested optimal maintenance strategy considering budgetary constraints.
Development of an Immunoassay for Human Serum Osteoclastic Tartrate-Resistant Acid Phosphatase* (1990)

A tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase (TrACP), which has been suggested to be very similar to the osteoclastic TrACP, was partially purified from the spleen of a patient with hairy cell leukemia. The purification procedure consisted of carboxymethyl-Sepharose, phosphocellulose, Sephacryl S-200, and phenyl-Sepharose chromatographies. Polyclonal antibodies were generated in guinea pigs with a titer of at least 1:6000. Immunohistochemical staining of fetal rat tibia with the antisera revealed that only the lysosomes of osteoclasts, but not osteoblasts, were stained. An enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was developed with the antisera. There was no cross-reactivity with 1) partially purified acid phosphatases (ACPs) from normal human and beef spleens, 2) ACPs in extracts of human osteoblastic cells, 3) purified bovine bone matrix TrACP, or 4) commercial prostatic ACP. However, extracts of giant cell bone tumors, containing large amounts of bona fide osteoclasts, showed large amounts of cross-reactive material, which diluted in parallel with the partially purified hairy cell leukemic TrACP in the ELISA. Commercial serum band 5b TrACP also displaced in parallel with the partially purified hairy cell leukemic TrACP. Immunoblotting studies revealed that the antiserum, but not nonimmune guinea pig serum, reacted with the homogeneous hairy cell leukemia splenic band 5 TrACPs, which were recently purified by our laboratory. Preliminary application of the ELISA to sera of patients with metabolic bone diseases revealed that normal healthy individuals had measurable amounts of the immunoreactive material, and patients with Paget's disease or hyperparathyroidism, who should have high bone turnover, had elevated levels of this immunoreactive material in their sera. In contrast, the level of serum osteoclastic TrACP in a patient with an acute lymphatic leukemia was normal. In summary, 1) we have shown that hairy cell leukemia splenic TrACP shares significant immunological similarity with the osteoclastic TrACP and with the serum band 5b TrACP, and 2) the ELISA holds promise for a sensitive and specific assay for bone resorption.
Multilevel inverters: A literature survey on topologies and control strategies (2012)

Multilevel inverters have been attracting in favor of academia as well as industry in the recent decade for high-power and medium-voltage energy control. In addition, they can synthesize switched waveforms with lower levels of harmonic distortion than an equivalently rated two-level converter. The multilevel concept is used to decrease the harmonic distortion in the output waveform without decreasing the inverter power output. This paper presents the most important topologies like diode-clamped inverter (neutral- point clamped), capacitor-clamped (flying capacitor), and cascaded multilevel with separate dc sources. This paper also presents the most relevant modulation methods developed for this family of converters: multilevel sinusoidal pulse width modulation, multilevel selective harmonic elimination, and space-vector modulation. Authors strongly believe that this survey article will be very much useful to the researchers for finding out the relevant references in the field of topologies and modulation strategies of multilevel inverter.
Highly efficient genome editing via CRISPR–Cas9 in human pluripotent stem cells is achieved by transient BCL-XL overexpression (2018)

Genome editing of human induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) is instrumental for functional genomics, disease modeling, and regenerative medicine. However, low editing efficiency has hampered the applications of CRISPR-Cas9 technology in creating knockin (KI) or knockout (KO) iPSC lines, which is largely due to massive cell death after electroporation with editing plasmids. Here, we report that the transient delivery of BCL-XL increases iPSC survival by ∼10-fold after plasmid transfection, leading to a 20- to 100-fold increase in homology-directed repair (HDR) KI efficiency and a 5-fold increase in non-homologous end joining (NHEJ) KO efficiency. Treatment with a BCL inhibitor ABT-263 further improves HDR efficiency by 70% and KO efficiency by 40%. The increased genome editing efficiency is attributed to higher expressions of Cas9 and sgRNA in surviving cells after electroporation. HDR or NHEJ efficiency reaches 95% with dual editing followed by selection of cells with HDR insertion of a selective gene. Moreover, KO efficiency of 100% can be achieved in a bulk population of cells with biallelic HDR KO followed by double selection, abrogating the necessity for single cell cloning. Taken together, these simple yet highly efficient editing strategies provide useful tools for applications ranging from manipulating human iPSC genomes to creating gene-modified animal models.
A program integration algorithm that accommodates semantics-preserving transformations (1992)

Given a program Base and two variants, A and B , each created by modifying separate copies of Base , the goal of program integration is to determine whether the modifications interfere, and if they do not, to create an integrated program that includes both sets of changes as well as the portions of Base preserved in both variants. Text-based integration techniques, such as the one used by the Unix diff 3 utility, are obviously unsatisfactory because one has no guarantees about how the execution behavior of the integrated program relates to the behaviors of Base , A , and B . The first program-integration algorithm to provide such guarantees was developed by Horwitz et al.[13]. However, a limitation of that algorithm is that it incorporates no notion of semantics-preserving transformations. This limitation causes the algorithm to be overly conservative in its definition of interference. For example, if one variant changes the way a computation is performed (without changing the values computed) while the other variant adds code that uses the result of the computation, the algorithm would classify those changes as interfering. This paper describes a new integration algorithm that is able to accommodate semantics-preserving transformations.
Faster clinical response to the onset of adverse events: A wearable metacognitive attention aid for nurse triage of clinical alarms (2018)

Existing device-centric alarm/alert notification solutions can require too much time and effort for nurses to access and understand. As a result, nurses may ignore alarms/alerts as they focus on other important work. There has been extensive research on reducing alarm frequency in healthcare. However, alarm safety remains a top problem. Empirical observations reported here highlight the potential of improving patient safety by supporting the meta-work of checking alarms.
Optimization and miniaturization of a filter/antenna multi-function module using a composite ceramic-foam substrate (2003)

In view of optimizing a CPW-fed microstrip patch antenna, a composite ceramic-foam substrate is investigated. Using a global synthesis technique, a multilayer multitechnology miniature band-pass filter is integrated on the back-side ceramic while a microstrip patch is laid down on the upper foam dielectric. This combination leads to an efficient and compact multi-function module.
Necdin Interacts with the Msx2 Homeodomain Protein via MAGE-D1 to Promote Myogenic Differentiation of C2C12 Cells (2004)

Necdin is a potent growth suppressor that is expressed predominantly in postmitotic cells such as neurons and skeletal muscle cells. Necdin shows a significant homology to MAGE (melanoma antigen) family proteins, all of which contain a large homology domain. MAGE-D1 (NRAGE, Dlxin-1) interacts with the Dlx/Msx family homeodomain proteins via an interspersed hexapeptide repeat domain distinct from the homology domain. Here we report that necdin associates with the Msx homeodomain proteins via MAGE-D1 to modulate their function. In vitro binding and co-immunoprecipitation analyses revealed that MAGE-D1 directly interacted with necdin via the homology domain and Msx1 (or Msx2) via the repeat domain. A ternary complex of necdin, MAGE-D1, and Msx2 was formed in vitro, and an endogenous complex containing these three proteins was detected in differentiating embryonal carcinoma cells. Co-expression of necdin and MAGE-D1 released Msx-dependent transcriptional repression. C2C12 myoblast cells that were stably transfected with Msx2 cDNA showed a marked reduction in myogenic differentiation, and co-expression of necdin and MAGE-D1 canceled the Msx2-dependent repression. These results suggest that necdin and MAGE-D1 cooperate to modulate the function of Dlx/Msx homeodomain proteins in cellular differentiation.
Combining events and threads for scalable network services implementation and evaluation of monadic, application-level concurrency primitives (2007)

This paper proposes to combine two seemingly opposed programming models for building massively concurrent network services: the event-driven model and the multithreaded model. The result is a hybrid design that offers the best of both worlds--the ease of use and expressiveness of threads and the flexibility and performance of events.