gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Nurses' knowledge and Attitude about Covid-19 among elderly patients at Intensive Care Units: suggested education (2020)

Covid-19is health emergency causing fatal acute respiratory distress syndrome in elderly patients. Knowledge of nurses working with elderly infected had an impact on the attitude and care provided. Aim: assess nurses’ knowledge and attitude about Covid-19 among elderly patients at intensive care units. Design: descriptive research. Sample: purposive sample of 78 nurses (male, female) selected conveniently included nurses working at isolation ICUs at Cardiothoracic, Health Insurance, and Malawi Isolation Hospital in Minia city, Egypt. Results: (62.8%) of the sample were female, (48.1%) of them had bachelor degree, and (47.4%) institute. (29.5 %) had a satisfactory knowledge (25.6%) had `positive attitude. Mean ± S.D of knowledge (9.50±0.68) for satisfactory group and (6.48±0.68) for unsatisfactory. (21.5±1.10) had positive attitude and (10.7±3.53) were negative. A high statistical significant difference between both domains presented by P value (0.000**). Conclusion: nurses had lower knowledge level about caring of elderly patients with COVID-19which reflected on their attitude.
MicroRNA-214 Suppresses Growth and Invasiveness of Cervical Cancer Cells by Targeting UDP-N-acetyl-α-d-galactosamine:Polypeptide N-Acetylgalactosaminyltransferase 7 (2012)

MicroRNAs are a class of small noncoding RNAs that function as key regulators of gene expression at the post-transcriptional level. In this study, we demonstrate that miR-214 is frequently down-regulated in cervical cancer, and its expression reduces the proliferation, migration, and invasiveness of cervical cancer cells, whereas inhibiting its expression results in enhanced proliferation, migration, and invasion. miR-214 binds to the 3'-UTR of UDP-N-acetyl-α-D-galactosamine:polypeptide N-acetylgalactosaminyltransferase 7 (GALNT7), thereby repressing GALNT7 expression. Furthermore, we are the first to show, using quantitative real-time PCR, that GALNT7 is frequently up-regulated in cervical cancer. The knockdown of GALNT7 markedly inhibits cervical cancer cell proliferation, migration, and invasion, whereas ectopic expression of GALNT7 significantly enhances these properties, indicating that GALNT7 might function as an oncogene in cervical cancer. The restoration of GALNT7 expression can counteract the effect of miR-214 on cell proliferation, migration, and invasiveness of cervical cancer cells. Together, these results indicate that miR-214 is a new regulator of GALNT7, and both miR-214 and GALNT7 play important roles in the pathogenesis of cervical cancer.
Iterative demapping for OFDM with zero-padding or cyclic prefix (2004)

In this paper, we extend the iterative demapping technique, also known as turbo demodulation, to OFDM.We first introduce an inner code which serves to remove the error floor, which is present in current iterative demapping schemes. This technique is then applied to OFDM with cyclic prefix of zero-padding. Using the EXIT chart, we illustrate the performance differences of various mappings and design a low-complexity inner coding scheme based on differential encoding with code doping. It is shown that this scheme removes the error floor without altering the code rate and while adding very little complexity.
Circulating KL-6 Predicts the Outcome of Rapidly Progressive Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis (1998)

Abstract Searching for early predictive markers of the therapeutic effects of high-dose corticosteroids (“pulse therapy”) on patients with rapidly progressing idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF), we evaluated 14 such patients, who had received weekly pulse therapy for at least 3 wk. Eight patients responded to the treatment and survived. However, six patients failed to respond, and all of them died within 3 mo after treatment. Serum levels of KL-6 (MUC1 mucin), neutrophil elastase (NE), and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) were measured before, and at 1 wk and 3 wk after treatment. Levels of KL-6 decreased significantly in patients who lived, whereas KL-6 levels tended to increase in patients who died. The values of NE did not change significantly. LDH levels decreased significantly at 1 wk, and tended to decrease at 3 wk in patients who lived. However, in patients who died, they did not significantly change. At the first cycle of treatment when clinical effects may not be evident, the decrease in KL-6 but not LDH levels was significantly related to a favorable outcome, whereas their increase was related to a poor outcome. Results suggest that monitoring with KL-6 may contribute to early clinical decisions for alternative therapy in the management of rapidly progressing IPF.
Multi-Modal Domain Adaptation for Fine-Grained Action Recognition (2019)

Fine-grained action recognition datasets exhibit environmental bias, where multiple video sequences are captured from a limited number of environments. Training a model in one environment and deploying in another results in a drop in performance due to an unavoidable domain shift. Unsupervised Domain Adaptation (UDA) approaches have frequently utilised adversarial training between the source and target domains. However, these approaches have not explored the multi-modal nature of video within each domain. In this work we exploit the correspondence of modalities as a self-supervised alignment approach for UDA in addition to adversarial alignment (Fig. 1). We test our approach on three kitchens from the large-scale EPIC-Kitchens dataset, using two modalities commonly employed for action recognition: RGB and Optical Flow. We show that multi-modal self-supervision alone improves the performance over source-only training by 2.4% on average. We then combine adversarial training with multi-modal self-supervision, showing that our approach outperforms other UDA methods by 3%.
Inhalable nanocatchers for SARS-CoV-2 inhibition (2021)

The global coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS)-like coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2), presents an urgent health crisis. More recently, an increasing number of mutated strains of SARS-CoV-2 have been identified globally. Such mutations, especially those on the spike glycoprotein to render its higher binding affinity to human angiotensin-converting enzyme II (hACE2) receptors, not only resulted in higher transmission of SARS-CoV-2 but also raised serious concerns regarding the efficacies of vaccines against mutated viruses. Since ACE2 is the virus-binding protein on human cells regardless of viral mutations, we design hACE2-containing nanocatchers (NCs) as the competitor with host cells for virus binding to protect cells from SARS-CoV-2 infection. The hACE2-containing NCs, derived from the cellular membrane of genetically engineered cells stably expressing hACE2, exhibited excellent neutralization ability against pseudoviruses of both wild-type SARS-CoV-2 and the D614G variant. To prevent SARS-CoV-2 infections in the lung, the most vulnerable organ for COVID-19, we develop an inhalable formulation by mixing hACE2-containing NCs with mucoadhesive excipient hyaluronic acid, the latter of which could significantly prolong the retention of NCs in the lung after inhalation. Excitingly, inhalation of our formulation could lead to potent pseudovirus inhibition ability in hACE2-expressing mouse model, without imposing any appreciable side effects. Importantly, our inhalable hACE2-containing NCs in the lyophilized formulation would allow long-term storage, facilitating their future clinical use. Thus, this work may provide an alternative tactic to inhibit SARS-CoV-2 infections even with different mutations, exhibiting great potential for treatment of the ongoing COVID-19 epidemic.
Exposure to oscillating magnetic fields influences sensitivity to electrical stimuli. I. experiments on pigeons (1995)

The comparison of two measurements of the pigeon threshold for electrical stimuli, performed 2 h apart, reveals stress-induced analgesia as a result of stressful manipulations between the two tests. When pigeons are exposed to a weak, oscillating magnetic field between the two measurements, the analgesic response is inhibited and a hyperalgesic effect is recorded. The present findings are in agreement with previous studies showing that magnetic treatments may alter pigeons' emotional state and some of their behavioral patterns.
以高排列性聚(偏氟乙烯-三氟乙烯)微米絲為基礎之柔性壓電血壓計開發 (2018)

本論文主旨是以高靈敏度之可撓式壓電薄膜感測器為基礎，開發可貼附於皮膚之穿戴式血壓計。而為了達到長時間連續生理訊號量測以及可貼附於表皮上，感測器材料必須具有生物相容性與可撓性，而本論文所選用的壓電聚合物，聚(偏氟乙烯-三氟乙烯) P(VDF-TrFE)除了具生物相容性、可撓性之外亦具有良好的化學抗性。
薄膜的製作是利用靜電紡絲製成方法搭配高轉速之滾筒收集器，以製備具有高排列性的壓電微米絲線薄膜，並經過退火、電暈極化等製成提高壓電性質，而由於薄膜是由微米絲線堆疊而成，因薄膜中具有許多孔隙，而這也使得薄膜中同時具有壓電效應與靜電效應。在感測器的製作上，利用平板式電極將電訊號取出，並探討電極幾何、微米絲線方向及彎曲方向對於靈敏度的影響，此外亦探討壓電效應與靜電效應的對於輸出的貢獻，在量化量測上，利用四點彎曲法得出應變與輸出訊號的關係，其結果顯示，在10 mm×10 mm的電極面積下，彎曲方向與絲線方向在平行與垂直的情況下靈敏度具有7.4 到19.3倍的差異，彎曲方向與絲線方向在平行時，壓電效應與靜電效應對靈敏度貢獻分別為68%及32%，而在垂直方向，靜電相對壓電則是-43%的輸出，彎曲方向與絲線方向平行時具有最高的靈敏度，可達到1.06pA/μe，另外在2 mm×10 mm電極面積下測試的結果則顯示在電極的長邊與微米絲線平行的情況下，其方向性的比值亦有6.6~12.6倍的差異。
在人體試驗上，除了橈動脈的量測以外，亦比較不同條件下的感測器對於手部運動的抵抗能力，而其結果顯示，在絲線、電極長邊、血管方向三者平行的情況下，具最佳的脈搏波形輸出，且手部運動對於感測器的影響最小，而在不同受試者的量測上，皆可量測到完整的脈搏波形，且感測器之輸出與PPG訊號、血流速訊號皆有相對應的特徵，如心室收縮所造成的波峰、下半身的反射波等，而與PPG訊號的心率比較，差值皆不超過0.09秒。
Regioselective N<sup>1</sup>-Alkylation of Guanosine Derivatives Protected at<i>N</i><sup>2</sup>by an<i>N,N</i>-Dialkyl Amidine Group (1999)

International audience
Nanostructured thermoelectric cobalt oxide by exfoliation/restacking route (2012)

We report on enhanced thermoelectric (TE) properties of two-dimensional (2D)-nanostructured cobalt oxides prepared by the exfoliation/restacking method. Polycrystalline [(NaxCoO2)/(CaO)n] (x = 0.48-0.58 and n = 0.14-0.23) were synthesized by restacking the exfoliated Na0.7CoO2 with CaCl2. The composite oxide of [(NaxCayCoO2)/(LizCoO2)m] (x = 1.8, y = 1.2, and z = 0.24; m = 5) was produced with a 2D-superlattice structure, in which the exfoliated NaxCoO2 and LizCoO2 nanolayers were alternately stacked. The substitution of Ca2+ for Na+ of the restacked compounds decreases the carrier density, which results in increases of Seebeck coefficient and resistivity. The doping of the restacked compounds was found to be comparable to that of NaxCoO2 (x &gt; 0.85). Despite the decreased vacancy of interlayer cations, the present restacked compounds show reduced thermal conductivity compared to the pristine sample. Due to the decrease of in-plane thermal conductivity, figure of merit (ZT) values of the restacked compounds increase in comparison to that of the pristine samples, which shows the beneficial effect of the nanostructure on the thermoelectric property. According to the increasing amount of calcium during the restacking process, the carrier density decreased by lower hole doping, resulting in the increased in-plane Seebeck coefficients, however, the resulting ZT value remains between 0.3∼0.4 because of the increased thermal conductivity due to higher sintering temperature. It has been found that the cobalt oxide exfoliated by tetramethylammonium (TMA) exhibits more significantly reduced thermal conductivity than that by octylamine (OA), resulting in a larger ZT value. This result implies that the nanolayer of NaxCoO2 exfoliated by TMA is thinner than by OA, which results in more significant phonon scattering in two-dimensional CoO2 layer.
Xenotransplantation: past, present, and future (2017)

Purpose of review To review the progress in the field of xenotransplantation with special attention to most recent encouraging findings which will eventually bring xenotransplantation to the clinic in the near future. Recent findings Starting from early 2000, with the introduction of galactose-α1,3-galactose (Gal)-knockout pigs, prolonged survival especially in heart and kidney xenotransplantation was recorded. However, remaining antibody barriers to non-Gal antigens continue to be the hurdle to overcome. The production of genetically engineered pigs was difficult requiring prolonged time. However, advances in gene editing, such as zinc finger nucleases, transcription activator-like effector nucleases, and most recently clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR) technology made the production of genetically engineered pigs easier and available to more researchers. Today, the survival of pig-to-nonhuman primate heterotopic heart, kidney, and islet xenotransplantation reached more than 900, more than 400, and more than 600 days, respectively. The availability of multiple-gene pigs (five or six genetic modifications) and/or newer costimulation blockade agents significantly contributed to this success. Now, the field is getting ready for clinical trials with an international consensus. Summary Clinical trials in cellular or solid organ xenotransplantation are getting closer with convincing preclinical data from many centers. The next decade will show us new achievements and additional barriers in clinical xenotransplantation.
Exploring the use of the tripeptide Gly–Gly–His as a selective recognition element for the fabrication of electrochemical copper sensors (2003)

The modification of electrodes with the tripeptide Gly-Gly-His for the detection of copper in water samples is described in detail. The tripeptide modified electrode was prepared by first self-assembling 3-mercaptopropionic acid (MPA) onto the gold electrode followed by covalent attachment of the tripeptide to the self-assembled monolayer using carbodiimide coupling. The electrodes were characterized using electrochemistry, a newly developed mass-spectrometry method and quantum mechanical calculations. The mass spectrometry confirmed the modification to proceed as expected with peptide bonds formed between the carboxylic acids of the MPA and the terminal amine of the peptide. Electrochemical measurements indicated that approximately half the MPA molecules in a SAM are modified with the peptide. The peptide modified electrodes exhibited high sensitivity to copper which is attributed to the stable 4N coordinate complex the peptide formed around the metal ion to give copper the preferred tetragonal coordination. The formation of a 4 coordinate complex was predicted using quantum mechanical calculation and confirmed using mass spectrometry. The adsorption of the copper to the peptide modified electrode was consistent with a Langmuir isotherm with a binding constant of (8.1 +/- 0.4) 10(10) M(-1) at 25 degrees C.
Synthesis of Highly Twisted and Fully π-Conjugated Porphyrinic Oligomers (2014)

Highly twisted π-conjugated molecules have been attractive but challenging targets. We report here an efficient synthesis of highly twisted diporphyrins with 126° and 136° twist angles that involves an oxidative fusion reaction of planar aminoporphyrin precursors at room temperature. Repeated amination-oxidative fusion sequences provide a unidirectionally twisted tetramer. The twisting angle of the tetramer is 298°.
Numerical Study of Primary Blast Injury to Human and Sheep Lung Induced by Simple and Complex Blast Loadings (2009)

Abstract : Detailed finite element models of two-dimensional horizontal slices of a human and a sheep thorax have been developed and validated with the limited data available in the open literature. The main goal of this study is to verify if the injuries observed in the animal are truly representative of human lung injuries for simple and complex blast loadings for different blast wave orientation. The sheep and human models were subjected to simple and complex blast loadings. In the case of simple blasts, nine curves that represent the threshold for lung injury and 1% and 50% probabilities of lethal lung damage for three different positive phase durations were simulated. Three different criteria were used for the assessment of lung damage from the numerical results. They are the maximum lung overpressure, the percentage of the lung volume as a function of the lung maximum pressure and the pressure-time history within the lung. Results showed that humans are predicted to have higher tolerance to blast than sheep. Lung damage development in sheep is predicted to be more dependent on the blast wave duration and orientation than in the human lung. In the case of complex blasts, three curves were simulated; each characterized by two different peak overpressures. Results show that damage to human and sheep lungs is considerable when the second peak overpressure closely follows the first one.
A METHODOLOGY FOR TESTING ACCESSIBLE ACCOMMODATION INFORMATION PROVISION FORMATS (2007)

The combined effects of the increased ageing of the population, the relationship between ageing and disability rates and the proportion of the population who have a disability have significant implications for global tourism. Numerous studies have identified that the foundation of any tourism experience for people with mobility disabilities is locating appropriate accommodation. Such studies have identified serious issues with the way that accommodation information is documented, promoted and marketed by the accommodation sector. Other studies have identified that there is a considerable difference between the accommodation sector's understanding of access and that of people with disabilities. This research seeks to understand the 'discourse of access' between the demand and supply of accessible accommodation. To this point in time, no research has sought to assess the preferred accessible accommodation information formats for this group. This exploratory study presents a methodology for market testing four information formats for the mobility dimension of accessible accommodation. The information formats are based on current practice and proposed information formats. They are: AAA Tourism access icons; Spinal Cord Injury Australia's representation of AS1428; floorplan representation; and virtual tours/OSSATE. It is believed that the outcomes of this methodology will provide a suitable foundation for including access considerations as part of the broader Australian Tourism Data Warehouse; developing a business case for this class of accommodation through improved occupancy rates; and satisfaction with the presented information formats.
Thrombotic microangiopathy and associated renal disorders (2012)

Thrombotic microangiopathy (TMA) is a pathological process involving thrombocytopenia, microangiopathic haemolytic anaemia and microvascular occlusion. TMA is common to haemolytic uraemic syndrome (HUS) associated with shiga toxin or invasive pneumococcal infection, atypical HUS (aHUS), thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura (TTP) and other disorders including malignant hypertension. HUS complicating infection with shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli (STEC) is a significant cause of acute renal failure in children worldwide, occurring sporadically or in epidemics. Studies in aHUS have revealed genetic and acquired factors leading to dysregulation of the alternative complement pathway. TTP has been linked to reduced activity of the ADAMTS13 cleaving protease (typically with an autoantibody to ADAMTS13) with consequent disruption of von Willebrand factor multimer processing. However, the convergence of pathogenic pathways and clinical overlap create diagnostic uncertainty, especially at initial presentation. Furthermore, recent developments are challenging established management protocols. This review addresses the current understanding of molecular mechanisms underlying TMA, relating these to clinical presentation with an emphasis on renal manifestations. A diagnostic and therapeutic approach is presented, based on international guidelines, disease registries and published trials. Early treatment remains largely empirical, consisting of plasma replacement/exchange with the exception of childhood STEC-HUS or pneumococcal sepsis. Emerging therapies such as the complement C5 inhibitor eculizumab for aHUS and rituximab for TTP are discussed, as is renal transplantation for those patients who become dialysis-dependent as a result of aHUS.
MPEG-2 video compression (1995)

MPEG-2 is an extension of the MPEG-1 international standard for digital compression of audio and video signals. MPEG-1 was designed to code progressively scanned video at bit rates up to about 1.5 Mbit/s for applications such as CD-I (compact disc interactive). MPEG-2 is directed at broadcast formats at higher data rates; it provides extra algorithmic `tools' for efficiently coding interlaced video, supports a wide range of bit rates and provides for multichannel surround sound coding. This tutorial paper introduces the principles used for compressing video according to the MPEG-2 standard, outlines the general structure of a video coder and decoder, and describes the subsets (`profiles') of the toolkit and the sets of constraints on parameter values (`levels') defined to date.
Cladinose Analogues of Sixteen-membered Macrolide Antibiotics. I. Synthesis of 4-0-Alkyl-L-cladinose Analogues via Glycosylation. (1996)

The synthesis and biological evaluation of sixteen-membered macrolides possessing a 4-O-alkyl-alpha-L-cladinosyl moiety as the neutral sugar are described. The nine novel derivatives have been synthesized by glycosylation with 1-thio sugars. The most active derivative of them showed prolonged antibacterial activity in rat plasma in vitro and improved pharmacokinetics.
A robust slip estimation method for skid-steered mobile robots (2008)

This paper presents a robust slip estimation method for skid-steered mobile robots when they traverse over rough terrain. An optical flow-based visual sensor looking down the terrain surface is employed to recover motion of a mobile robot by tracking features selected from the terrain surface. The motion states of the mobile robot are initially estimated by the visual sensor, however, the estimates are prone to noise and uncertainty which degrades the accuracy and robustness of estimation. To cope with the noise and uncertainty from the visual sensor, a sliding mode observer (SMO) based on the kinematics model of the skid-steered mobile robot is delicately designed to simultaneously estimate slip parameters. The SMO scheme can give more accurate estimates than the extended Kalman filter (EKF) when the slip of the mobile robot has significant changes at abrupt steering. The complete slip estimation method is independent of terrain parameters and robust in the presence of noise and uncertainty. Experimental results show that the method has confident potential for slip estimation of skid-steered mobile robots.
Chaotic Image Encryption with Hash Keying as Key Generator (2016)

This paper proposes an image encryption algorithm using Hash key as key generator for permutation and diffusion. SHA-1 algorithm is used to generate symmetric secret key for encryption/decryption process. One-dimensional Logistic map periodic window problem is addressed by employing multiple chaotic maps. In the permutation process, the permutation order is generated in bitwise using Logistic-Sine maps. For diffusion process, the diffusion bits are generated by Logistic-Tent and Tent-Sine maps. Multiple chaotic maps are used for permutation and diffusion to encrypt the images. The image encryption is repeated for four rounds and in each round, different keys are selected to resist chosen plain text attack. The image is encrypted for both gray and color images and satisfactory level of security is achieved. Simulation results are tested for key space analysis, key sensitivity analysis, histogram analysis, quantity analysis, correlation coefficient and average correlation analysis, information entropy analysis and differential attack analysis. The performance analysis tests revealed that the proposed algorithm is robust against cryptanalysis attacks.