gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Salivary contribution to exhaled nitric oxide (1999)

Dietary and metabolic nitrate is distributed from the blood to the saliva by active uptake in the salivary glands, and is reduced to nitrite in the oral cavity by the action of certain bacteria. Since it has been reported that nitric oxide may be formed nonenzymatically from nitrite this study aimed to determine whether salivary nitrite could influence measurements of exhaled NO. Ten healthy subjects fasted overnight and ingested 400 mg potassium nitrate, equivalent to approximately 200 g spinach. Exhaled NO and nasal NO were regularly measured with a chemiluminescence technique up to 3 h after the ingestion. Measurements of exhaled NO were performed with a single-breath procedure, standardized to a 20-s exhalation, at a flow of 0.15 L x s(-1), and oral pressure of 8-10 cmH2O. Values of NO were registered as NO release rate (pmol x s(-1)) during the plateau of exhalation. Exhaled NO increased steadily over time after nitrate load and a maximum was seen at 120 min (77.0+/-15.2 versus 31.2+/-3.0 pmol x s(-1), p<0.01), whereas no increase was detected in nasal NO levels. Salivary nitrite concentrations increased in parallel; at 120 min there was a four-fold increase compared with baseline (1.56+/-0.44 versus 0.37+/-0.09 mM, p<0.05). The nitrite-reducing conditions in the oral cavity were also manipulated by the use of different mouthwash procedures. The antibacterial agent chlorhexidine acetate (0.2%) decreased NO release by almost 50% (p<0.01) 90 min after nitrate loading and reduced the preload control levels by close to 30% (p<0.05). Sodium bicarbonate (10%) also reduced exhaled NO levels, but to a somewhat lesser extent than chlorhexidine acetate. In conclusion, salivary nitric oxide formation contributes to nitric oxide in exhaled air and a large intake of nitrate-rich foods before the investigation might be misinterpreted as an elevated inflammatory activity in the airways. This potential source of error and the means for avoiding it should be considered in the development of a future standardized method for measurements of exhaled nitric oxide.
IMPROVEMENT OF THE VIEWING ANGLE FOR DISPLAY DEVICES WITH GRAY SCALE (1995)

A liquid crystal electro-optical effect with an optically “self-compensating” director configuration is proposed to provide a device that has a wide angle of view at all gray levels. Calculations and data are presented to show the beneficial results of coupling a tunable birefringence L.C. device that has reverse pretilt alignment with a negative birefringence compensator plate.
Carboxylate surfactant systems exhibiting phase behavior suitable for enhanced oil recovery (1984)

Abstract A large variety of aliphatic and aromatic carboxylate surfactants with alcohols as cosurfactants displayed phase behavior with n‐decane that indicated they could be useful in enhanced oil recovery. Three‐phase systems with large volume fraction middle‐phase microemulsions were observed with sodium isostearate and sodium oleate. The interfacial tension between top and bottom phases was at a minimum (∼0.001 dyne/cm) at the optimal salinity where the uptake of oil and water in the middle phase was equal. The phase behavior of carboxylates was affected by pH and added bases. In cases where a bicarbonate‐carbonate buffer was used to control pH, the optimal salinity decreased as the pH decreased. Use of ethoxylated alcohols as cosurfactants increased optimal salinities markedly and caused formation of very large volume fraction middle phases. Neutralized tall oils and tall oil fatty acids with alcohols as cosurfactants gave 3‐phase behavior with n‐decane with large volume fraction middle‐phase microemulsions.
Activated factor XI and tissue factor in aortic stenosis (2011)

In our previous studies, we showed that a significant proportion of patients with various cardiovascular diseases have active tissue factor (TF) and factor (F)XIa in their plasma. The objective of the present study was to evaluate these two proteins in plasma from patients with aortic stenosis and establish their relationship with the severity of the disease. Fifty-four consecutive patients with aortic stenosis, including 38 (70.4%) severe aortic stenosis patients, were studied. Plasma FXIa and TF activity were determined in clotting assays by measuring the response to inhibitory monoclonal antibodies. TF activity was detectable in plasma from 14 of 54 patients (25.9%), including 13 of 38 with severe aortic stenosis (34.2%) and one of 16 (6.25%) with moderate aortic stenosis (P=0.052). FXIa activity was found in 12 (22.2%) patients, mostly in individuals with severe aortic stenosis (11 of 38, 28.9%, P=0.067). All 12 patients with circulating FXIa had active TF in their plasma as well. Severe aortic stenosis patients with detectable TF had higher maximal (111±20 vs. 97±16 mmHg, P=0.02) and mean (61±12 vs. 53±8 mmHg, P=0.02) transvalvular gradient, compared with those without such activity in plasma. In severe aortic stenosis patients with detectable active TF, prothrombin fragment 1.2, a thrombin generation marker, was higher than that in patients without TF (375±122 vs. 207±64 pM, P<0.001). Detectable FXIa and TF activity was observed for the first time in aortic stenosis patients, primarily in severe ones. This activity correlates with thrombin generation in those patients.
Occurrence mechanism of lacustrine shale oil in the Paleogene Shahejie Formation of Jiyang Depression, Bohai Bay Basin, China (2019)

To determine the occurrence mechanism and mobility of shale oil in the Shahejie Formation in the Jiyang Depression, organic geochemistry analysis, thin-section petrological observation, low-temperature nitrogen adsorption, high-pressure mercury intrusion porosimetry, field emission scanning electron microscopy experiments were conducted on shale samples to reveal its storage mechanism, including pore size, ratio of adsorbed oil to free oil, mobility and its influencing factors, and mode of storage. Residual shale oil is mainly present in pores less than 100 nm in diameter under the atmospheric temperature and pressure. The lower limit of pore size for free oil is 5 nm, and the lower limit of pore size for movable oil occurrence is about 30 nm. The light components, low TOC and high porosity are the main factors contributing to the high proportion of movable oil. Each type of pore can contain residual shale oil, but not all pores have shale oil. Pore connectivity and surface wettability are the determinants of shale oil enrichment degree and enrichment state.
Protected Amine Labels: A Versatile Molecular Scaffold for Multiplexed Nominal Mass and Sub-Da Isotopologue Quantitative Proteomic Reagents (2014)

We assemble a versatile molecular scaffold from simple building blocks to create binary and multiplexed stable isotope reagents for quantitative mass spectrometry. Termed Protected Amine Labels (PAL), these reagents offer multiple analytical figures of merit including, (1) robust targeting of peptide N-termini and lysyl side chains, (2) optimal mass spectrometry ionization efficiency through regeneration of primary amines on labeled peptides, (3) an amino acid-based mass tag that incorporates heavy isotopes of carbon, nitrogen, and oxygen to ensure matched physicochemical and MS/MS fragmentation behavior among labeled peptides, and (4) a molecularly efficient architecture, in which the majority of hetero-atom centers can be used to synthesize a variety of nominal mass and sub-Da isotopologue stable isotope reagents. We demonstrate the performance of these reagents in well-established strategies whereby up to four channels of peptide isotopomers, each separated by 4 Da, are quantified in MS-level scans with accuracies comparable to current commercial reagents. In addition, we utilize the PAL scaffold to create isotopologue reagents in which labeled peptide analogs differ in mass based on the binding energy in carbon and nitrogen nuclei, thereby allowing quantification based on MS or MS/MS spectra. We demonstrate accurate quantification for reagents that support 6-plex labeling and propose extension of this scheme to 9-channels based on a similar PAL scaffold. Finally, we provide exemplar data that extend the application of isotopologe-based quantification reagents to medium resolution, quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometers.
Generating local addresses and communication sets for data-parallel programs (1993)

Generating local addresses and communication sets is an important issue in distributed-memory implementations of data-parallel languages such as High Performance Fortran. We show that for an array A affinely aligned to a template that is distributed across p processors with a cyclic(k) distribution, and a computation involving the regular section A(l:h:s), the local memory access sequence for any processor is characterized by a finite state machine of at most k states. We present fast algorithms for computing the essential information about these state machines, and extend the framework to handle multidimensional arrays. We also show how to generate communication sets using the state machine approach. Performance results show that this solution requires very little runtime overhead and acceptable preprocessing time.
Alternating Dual-Pulse, Dual-Frequency Techniques for Range and Velocity Ambiguity Mitigation on Weather Radars (2010)

Abstract This paper introduces a family of alternating dual-pulse, dual-frequency (ADPDF) techniques. These are based on frequency diversity and are proposed as a means to mitigate range and velocity ambiguities on Doppler weather radars. ADPDF techniques are analyzed theoretically and through simulated and real weather data collected with a prototype C-band radar. Analogous to single-frequency, multiple-pulse-repetition-time (mPRT) techniques, such as staggered or triple PRT, it is demonstrated that ADPDF techniques can extend the maximum unambiguous velocity beyond what is achievable with uniform sampling. However, unlike mPRT techniques, ADPDF techniques exhibit better statistical performance and, more importantly, may be designed to preserve uniform sampling on one of the frequency channels, thus avoiding some of the difficulties associated with processing nonuniformly sampled data.
Intermodal injection locking of semiconductor lasers (1984)

Injection locking of a GaAlAs laser by coupling into non-lasing Fabry-Perot modes is described. Locking of a slave laser mode as far as 22 mode spacings (60 Å) away from the gain curve centre is obtained. The dependence of the locking bandwidth on the injected power and the wavelength separation between the free-running and injected mode (Δλ) is described. The dependence of the power required for locking on the magnitude of Δλ is consistent with a 192 Å-wide quadratic gain profile.
An enhanced concurrency control scheme for multidimensional index structures (2004)

We propose an enhanced concurrency control algorithm that maximizes the concurrency of multidimensional index structures. The factors that deteriorate the concurrency of index structures are node splits and minimum bounding region (MBR) updates in multidimensional index structures. The properties of our concurrency control algorithm are as follows: First, to increase the concurrency by avoiding lock coupling during MBR updates, we propose the PLC (partial lock coupling) technique. Second, a new MBR update method is proposed. It allows searchers to access nodes where MBR updates are being performed. Finally, our algorithm holds exclusive latches not during whole split time but only during physical node split time that occupies the small part of a whole split process. For performance evaluation, we implement the proposed concurrency control algorithm and one of the existing link technique-based algorithms on MIDAS-III that is a storage system of a BADA-IV DBMS. We show through various experiments that our proposed algorithm outperforms the existing algorithm in terms of throughput and response time. Also, we propose a recovery protocol for our proposed concurrency control algorithm. The recovery protocol is designed to assure high concurrency and fast recovery.
A novel murine retrovirus identified during testing for helper virus in human gene transfer trials (1996)

An important requirement for the use of retroviral vectors in human gene transfer experiments is the avoidance of human exposure to replication-competent (helper) retroviruses. To meet this requirement, we used a sensitive marker rescue assay for helper virus to screen vector-transduced cells prior to reinfusion into patients. This assay utilized Mus dunni cells harboring a retroviral vector that can be rescued by helper retroviruses. The assay indicated the presence of helper virus in medium exposed to hematopoietic cells from all patients tested, including six patients with various cancers and one patient with Gaucher's disease, whether or not the patient cells had been exposed to retroviral vectors. All of the helper viruses were in a single interference group. We have now shown that treatment of the M. dunni marker rescue assay cells with 5-iodo-2'-deoxyuridine or hydrocortisone can activate production of an apparently identical helper virus, which we have named M. dunni endogenous virus (MDEV). Thus, production of virus in the assays of patient materials was likely due to exposure of the marker rescue assay cells to the hydrocortisone present in the hematopoietic cell growth medium. MDEV does not belong to any of the known murine leukemia virus groups by interference analysis, and we have called the new group multitropic because of the wide range of cells from different species that MDEV can infect.
Inhibition of<i>β</i>-Galactosidase by Galactostatin, Galactostatin-lactam, and 1-Deoxygalactostatin (1988)

Galactostatin obtained from the fermentation broth of Streptomyces lydicus PA-5726 strongly inhibited β-galactosidase. Its derivatives, galactostatin-lactam and 1-deoxygalactostatin, were also inhibitors. Galactostatin and 1-deoxygalactostatin were fully competitive inhibitors with high affinities for Penicillium multicolor β-galactosidase, and their Ki values were 4.0 × 10−9 and 3.3 × 10−8m at pH 6.0, respectively, using ONPG as substrate. In their presence, the steady-state velocities of the enzyme were reached in a matter of minutes. Galactostatin-lactam, in contrast, showed no detectable lag time on interaction with the enzyme, and the type of inhibition was also competitive with a Ki value of 1.3 × 10−5 m. These three inhibitors bound to the enzyme in the same molar ratio (1:1).
Therapeutic strategies for a functional cure of chronic hepatitis B virus infection (2014)

Treatment of chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection with the viral DNA polymerase inhibitors or pegylated alpha-interferon has led to a significant retardation in HBV-related disease progression and reduction in mortality related to chronic hepatitis B associated liver decompensation and hepatocellular carcinoma. However, chronic HBV infection remains not cured. The reasons for the failure to eradicate HBV infection by long-term antiviral therapy are not completely understood. However, clinical studies suggest that the intrinsic stability of the nuclear form of viral genome, the covalently closed circular (ccc) DNA, sustained low level viral replication under antiviral therapy and homeostatic proliferation of hepatocytes are the critical virological and pathophysiological factors that affect the persistence and therapeutic outcomes of HBV infection. More importantly, despite potent suppression of HBV replication in livers of the treated patients, the dysfunction of HBV-specific antiviral immunity persists. The inability of the immune system to recognize cells harboring HBV infection and to cure or eliminate cells actively producing virus is the biggest challenge to finding a cure. Unraveling the complex virus-host interactions that lead to persistent infection should facilitate the rational design of antivirals and immunotherapeutics to cure chronic HBV infection.
Detection and tissue tropism of white spot syndrome baculovirus (WSBV) in captured brooders of Penaeus monodon with a special emphasis on reproductive organs (1997)

In cultured shrimp, w h ~t e spot syndrome 'baculovirus' (WSBV) Infection IS characterized by a wide range of target tissues, rapid disease onset and high mortality Dunng the viremic phase of infection, the virus is present in many organs However, the s~tuation in the natural environment remalns unclear To identify the pattern of the t ~s s u e t r o p ~s m of WSBV infection in adult Penaeus monodon (black tiger shnmp) of wild ongin, w e conducted a c o m b ~n e d study using currently available nucleic acid diagnostic tools and conventional histological observat~ons uslng light (LM) and transnxssion electron (TEM) mlcroscopy to examine the sites for virus mult~plication S ~x t e e n parts excised from shnmp specimens were examined pleopods, gills, stomach, abdominal muscle, hemolymph. m ~d g u t , heart, pereiopods lymphoid organs, integument, nervous tissue, hepatopancreas, testes, ovaries, spermatophores, and eye stalks All these tissues/organs were found to support WSBV replic a t ~o n For the f ~r s t t ~m e in s ~t u hybridization and TEM showed evidence of WSBV in reproduct~ve organs of black tiger shrlmp In testes, WSBV-positive cells were located in the connective Ussue layer surrounding the seminiferous tubules and no germ cells were found to b e infected In the spermatophore only muscle and connective t ~s s u e cells were WSBV posltive In the ovary, foll~cle cells oogonla oocytes and connective tissue cells were WSBV positlve However, the fact that w e were unable to find any Infected mature eggs suggested that infected e g g cells were killed by the virus before maturation
A Dual-Responsive Nanocomposite toward Climate-Adaptable Solar Modulation for Energy-Saving Smart Windows (2017)

In this work, a novel fully autonomous photothermotropic material made by hybridization of the poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) (PNIPAM) hydrogel and antimony-tin oxide (ATO) is presented. In this photothermotropic system, the near-infrared (NIR)-absorbing ATO acts as nanoheater to induce the optical switching of the hydrogel. Such a new passive smart window is characterized by excellent NIR shielding, a photothermally activated switching mechanism, enhanced response speed, and solar modulation ability. Systems with 0, 5, 10, and 15 atom % Sb-doped ATO in PNIPAM were investigated, and it was found that a PNIPAM/ATO nanocomposite is able to be photothermally activated. The 10 atom % Sb-doped PNIPAM/ATO exhibits the best response speed and solar modulation ability. Different film thicknesses and ATO contents will affect the response rate and solar modulation ability. Structural stability tests at 15 cycles under continuous exposure to solar irradiation at 1 sun intensity demonstrated the performance stability of such a photothermotropic system. We conclude that such a novel photothermotropic hybrid can be used as a new generation of autonomous passive smart windows for climate-adaptable solar modulation.
Long wavelength pseudomorphic InGaPAsSb type-I and type-II active layers grown on GaAs (2000)

GaPAsSb type-I quantum wells and symmetric InGaAs/GaPAsSb/InGaAs type-II quantum wells are proposed as long wavelength active layers for GaAs based optoelectronic devices. Room temperature photoluminescence from 1.2 to 1.5 μm is observed from the type-II quantum wells, while low temperature photoluminescence at 1.25 μm is observed from type-I quantum wells. A reflection high-energy electron diffraction peak that is extended parallel to the surface, while its width is perpendicular to the surface is narrow, suggests that spontaneous lateral composition modulation occurs in the GaPAsSb layers.
Virulent strain associated outer membrane proteins of Borrelia burgdorferi. (1995)

We have isolated and purified outer membrane vesicles (OMV) from Borrelia burgdorferi strain B31 based on methods developed for isolation of Treponema pallidum OMV. Purified OMV exhibited distinct porin activities with conductances of 0.6 and 12.6 nano-Siemen and had no detectable beta-NADH oxidase activity indicating their outer membrane origin and their lack of inner membrane contamination, respectively. Hydrophobic proteins were identified by phase partitioning with Triton X-114. Most of these hydrophobic membrane proteins were not acylated, suggesting that they are outer membrane-spanning proteins. Identification of palmitate-labeled lipoproteins revealed that several were enriched in the OMV, several were enriched in the protoplasmic cylinder inner membrane fraction, and others were found exclusively associated with the inner membrane. The protein composition of OMV changed significantly with successive in vitro cultivation of strain B31. Using antiserum with specificity for virulent strain B31, we identified OMV antigens on the surface of the spirochete and identified proteins whose presence in OMV could be correlated with virulence and protective immunity in the rabbit Lyme disease model. These virulent strain associated outer membrane-spanning proteins may provide new insight into the pathogenesis of Lyme disease.
American Sign Language Recognition Using RF Sensing (2020)

Many technologies for human-computer interaction have been designed for hearing individuals and depend upon vocalized speech, precluding users of American Sign Language (ASL) in the Deaf community from benefiting from these advancements. While great strides have been made in ASL recognition with video or wearable gloves, the use of video in homes has raised privacy concerns, while wearable gloves severely restrict movement and infringe on daily life. Methods: This article proposes the use of RF sensors for HCI applications serving the Deaf community. A multi-frequency RF sensor network is used to acquire non-invasive, non-contact measurements of ASL signing irrespective of lighting conditions. The unique patterns of motion present in the RF data due to the micro-Doppler effect are revealed using time-frequency analysis with the Short-Time Fourier Transform. Linguistic properties of RF ASL data are investigated using machine learning (ML). Results: The information content, measured by fractal complexity, of ASL signing is shown to be greater than that of other upper body activities encountered in daily living. This can be used to differentiate daily activities from signing, while features from RF data show that imitation signing by non-signers is 99% differentiable from native ASL signing. Feature-level fusion of RF sensor network data is used to achieve 72.5% accuracy in classification of 20 native ASL signs. Implications: RF sensing can be used to study dynamic linguistic properties of ASL and design Deaf-centric smart environments for non-invasive, remote recognition of ASL. ML algorithms should be benchmarked on native, not imitation, ASL data.