gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Multicast with cache (Mcache): an adaptive zero-delay video-on-demand service (2002)

This paper presents a closed-loop (demand-driven) approach towards VoD services, called multicast with caching (Mcache). Servers use multicast to reduce bandwidth usage by serving multiple requests using a single data stream. However, this requires clients to delay receiving the movie until the multicast starts. Using regional cache servers, Mcache removes initial playout delays at the clients, because the clients can receive the prefix of a requested clip from regional caches while waiting for the multicast to start. In addition, the multicast containing the later portion of the movie can wait until the prefix is played out. While this use of caches has been proposed before, the novelty of our scheme lies in that the requests coming after the multicast starts can still be batched together to be served by multicast patches without any playout delays. The use of patches has been proposed to be used either with unicast or with playout delays. Mcache effectively hires the idea of a multicast patch with caches to provide a truly adaptive VoD service whose bandwidth usage is up to par with the best known open-loop schemes under high request rates while using only minimal bandwidth under low request rates. In addition, efficient use of multicast and caches removes the need for a priori knowledge of client request rates and client disk storage requirements which some of the existing schemes assume. This makes Mcache ideal for the current heterogeneous Internet environments where those parameters are hard to predict.
Organic lateral heterojunction devices for vapor-phase chemical detection (2009)

Thesis (Ph. D.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, 2009.
High Volume Rate 3D Ultrasound Imaging Using Fast-Tilting Reflectors (2020)

3-D ultrasound imaging is essential for accurate measurement of volumes, proper interpretation of anatomy, and guiding interventional procedures in the clinic. Furthermore, 3-D ultrasound imaging with a high volume rate is critical for advancing emerging techniques such as elastography, blood flow imaging, functional ultrasound (fUS) and super-resolution ultrasound localization microscopy from 2-D to 3-D. However, current 3-D ultrasound techniques are burdened by the low imaging volume rate of methods based on 1-D arrays, and the high fabrication and computational costs of 2-D arrays. Although some of the drawbacks can be mitigated by techniques such as row-column-addressing arrays, sparse arrays, and micro-beamforming, a viable solution that provides high imaging quality, low-cost, and high volume rates remains elusive. To address this challenge, this paper proposes a novel 3-D ultrasound imaging technique: Fast Acoustic Steering via Tilting Electromechanical Reflectors (FASTER). FASTER uses a water-immersible and fast-tilting microfabricated electromechanical mirror to steer ultrafast plane waves in the elevational direction to achieve large field-of-view (FOV) 3-D imaging at a high volume rate with conventional 1-D transducers. A wire phantom study using a 15 MHz transducer demonstrated that FASTER could provide spatially accurate 3-D images (48 degree or 20 mm range at 25 mm depth in the elevational direction) with a 500 Hz imaging volume rate, which has comparable imaging resolution with conventional 3-D imaging based on the mechanical translation of the 1-D transducers. A tissue-mimicking phantom study shows that FASTER provides a comparable contrast level with mechanical translation-based 3-D imaging. FASTER offers a unique solution providing high imaging volume rates, large FOVs, and low-cost 3-D imaging that can be conveniently implemented on existing clinical systems with few hardware or software modifications.
Innovative integrated ferrite phased array technologies for EHF radar and communication applications (2002)

Novel EHF integrated electronically steered ferrite antennas based on application of electrically controlled planar FDF-waveguide (ferrite-dielectric-ferrite) are presented. The FDF-waveguide integrates different electromagnetic functions in one unit: waveguiding, phase-shifting, electromagnetic power distribution, radiation and coupling. Design ideas and research results of microstrip patch antennas (active or passive) and FDF-waveguide combination resulting in the new antenna concept with very simplified beam position electrical control are discussed.
<i>Mycobacterium riyadhense</i>Pulmonary Infection, France and Bahrain (2012)

4 showed susceptibility to amikacin, ciprofl oxacin, clarithromycin, and doxycycline but resistance to cefoxitin, sulfamethoxazole, rifampin (MIC >16 g/mL) and intermediate-resistance to imipenem (MIC 8-16 g/mL).
Minimal-cost-variance control of clock signals (2016)

The continuing promotion of statistical optimal controls is sought as an integral aspect of creating autonomous and robust remote timing systems that are capable of becoming master clock reference signals should the need arise. Achieving robust steering operations and reliability-by-design processes are intertwined and mutually reinforcing goals as being incorporated into the framework of minimal-cost-variance control theory. Yet it is hoped that these findings would lead to better understanding of clock steering in the application of robust remote backup timing systems.
Identification of Active-Site Peptides from 3H-Labeled 2-Ethynylnaphthalene-Inactivated P450 2B1 and 2B4 Using Amino Acid Sequencing and Mass Spectrometry (1994)

2-Ethynylnaphthalene (2EN) is a mechanism-based inactivator of rat cytochrome P450 (P450) 2B1 with 1.3 mol of adduct bound per mole of P450 inactivated [Roberts, E.S., Hopkins, N.E., Alworth, W.L., & Hollenberg, P.F. (1993) Chem. Res. Toxicol. 6, 470-479]. Further studies have shown that 2EN is also an efficient mechanism-based inactivator of the 7-ethoxycoumarin O-deethylase activity of rabbit P450 2B4 with 0.83 mol of adduct bound per mole of P450. Cleavage of [3H]2EN-inactivated 2B1 with cyanogen bromide, separation of the peptides by HPLC, and further purification of the radiolabeled fraction by Tricine-sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) led to the identification by autoradiography of a radiolabeled peptide (M(r) approximately 3000). Amino acid sequence analysis of the first 12 N-terminal residues revealed the sequence ISLLSLFFAGTE corresponding to positions 290-301 in the protein. When the radiolabeled fraction from the HPLC separation was analyzed by matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization mass spectrometry (MALDI-MS), peaks at m/z 2722.5 and 2890.6 were detected. The lower mass peak corresponds to the molecular ion (average mass) of the cyanogen bromide peptide Ile290 to Met314 (theoretical 2722.2), while the higher mass peak corresponds to the same peptide with a bound 2-naphthylacetyl group (theoretical 2890.4). When [3H]2EN-inactivated 2B4 was treated with cyanogen bromide, the peptides were separated by HPLC, and the fractions were analyzed by Tricine-SDS-PAGE, two radiolabeled peptides (M(r) = 5000 and 8000) were identified by autoradiography. Amino acid sequence analysis of the first 11 residues revealed identical N-termini with the sequence EKDKSDPSSEF corresponding to positions 273-283.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Ecology and Population Structure of Two Heathland Species, Endemic in Southern Portugal. Centaurea crocata and Centaurea fraylensis (Asteraceae) (2002)

Distribution, sociology and population structure of Centaurea crocata and C. fraylensis were studied in the Serra de Monchique, the mountainous hinterland of the Algarve. The Serra is the main area of distribution of Centaurea crocata and the exclusive area of distribution of C. fraylensis. Field data were collected from April to July 1998. 51 phytosociological relevés were made in all kinds of habitats where Centaureae occurred. To analyse their population structure, vegetative morphometric parameters (plant height, rosette diameter, root collar diameter) were measured on 434 individuals of C. crocata and 296 of C. fraylensis. All studies were restricted to non-destructive observations. The species are restricted to the more humid western and northern parts of the Serra. C. crocata shows a wider ecological range than C. fraylensis with respect to the number of populations (38; 15), altitude (290-840m; 300-500m a.s.l.), substrate (schists and syenite; only schists) and total distribution. Both species are constant character species of the Querco-Stauracanthetum, a vegetation type which originated on wind exposed mountain ridges with shallow soils in the mesomediterranean belt. The main strategy of the Centaurea-species is that of a sitter; they can resprout from the napiform root after damage or burning. The generative reproduction strategy is supported by vegetative propagation. If vital populations are nearby, they are able to colonise roadside verges, forest pathways, firebreaks and terraced slopes with Eucalyptus plantations. There, they are associates of [Ericion umbellatae]-basal communities. The pioneer character of C. crocata is more distinct than that of C. fraylensis. The enormous variability of all the measured vegetative parameters does not allow one to draw conclusions about the age structure of the populations studied or to look for correlations between population structure and habitat. Both species must be considered as potentially endangered by the current land-use changes in the Serra. Finally, some deficits in the knowledge of their reproductive biology and further research topics are mentioned and the needs for conservation efforts are strengthened.
Repeated Auctions with Budgets in Ad Exchanges: Approximations and Design (2015)

Ad exchanges are emerging Internet markets where advertisers may purchase display ad placements, in real time and based on specific viewer information, directly from publishers via a simple auction mechanism. Advertisers join these markets with a prespecified budget and participate in multiple second-price auctions over the length of a campaign. This paper studies the competitive landscape that arises in ad exchanges and the implications for publishers’ decisions. The presence of budgets introduces dynamic interactions among advertisers that need to be taken into account when attempting to characterize the bidding landscape or the impact of changes in the auction design. To this end, we introduce the notion of a fluid mean-field equilibrium (FMFE) that is behaviorally appealing and computationally tractable, and in some important cases, it yields a closed-form characterization. We establish that an FMFE approximates well the rational behavior of advertisers in these markets. We then show how this framework may be used to provide sharp prescriptions for key auction design decisions that publishers face in these markets. In particular, we show that ignoring budgets, a common practice in this literature, can result in significant profit losses for the publisher when setting the reserve price. This paper was accepted by Dimitris Bertsimas, optimization.
Optimizing bioreactors by extremum seeking (1999)

The optimization of the operation of biological reactors is an interesting non-linear problem whose solution offers potential economic benefit. We apply a peak seeking method to approach the maximum biomass production rate in a continuous stirred tank bioreactor. Two models, Monod and Haldane, are investigated and it is shown by simulation that the peak seeking scheme achieves optimization for both cases. A stabilizing feedback controller with a washout filter is designed to extend the operating range for the Haldane model. Copyright © 1999 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Enantioseparation of ( <i>RS</i> )-Bupropion and determination of configuration (2018)

Racemate of (RS)-Bupropion (Bup) has been separated by derivatization approach and thin layer chromatography (TLC). It was extracted from commercially available tablets, purified, and characterized. A new chiral derivatization reagent (CDR) was synthesized by introducing L-leucine amide and butoxy group in cyanuric chloride (CC) moiety. Derivatization reaction was carried out using a two-fold molar excess of CDR under microwave irradiation (MWI). The diastereomeric pair was separated by TLC and the same were recovered by the preparative method; these were purified and characterized. Absolute configuration of the Bup moiety in the diastereomeric derivatives was confirmed by recording their 1HNMR spectra and thus elution order was also established.
Printable Transparent Conductive Films for Flexible Electronics (2018)

Printed electronics are an important enabling technology for the development of low-cost, large-area, and flexible optoelectronic devices. Transparent conductive films (TCFs) made from solution-processable transparent conductive materials, such as metal nanoparticles/nanowires, carbon nanotubes, graphene, and conductive polymers, can simultaneously exhibit high mechanical flexibility, low cost, and better photoelectric properties compared to the commonly used sputtered indium-tin-oxide-based TCFs, and are thus receiving great attention. This Review summarizes recent advances of large-area flexible TCFs enabled by several roll-to-roll-compatible printed techniques including inkjet printing, screen printing, offset printing, and gravure printing using the emerging transparent conductive materials. The preparation of TCFs including ink formulation, substrate treatment, patterning, and postprocessing, and their potential applications in solar cells, organic light-emitting diodes, and touch panels are discussed in detail. The rational combination of a variety of printed techniques with emerging transparent conductive materials is believed to extend the opportunities for the development of printed electronics within the realm of flexible electronics and beyond.
Mixed Reversible Covalent Crosslink Kinetics Enable Precise, Hierarchical Mechanical Tuning of Hydrogel Networks (2017)

Hydrogels play a central role in a number of medical applications and new research aims to engineer their mechanical properties to improve their capacity to mimic the functional dynamics of native tissues. This study shows hierarchical mechanical tuning of hydrogel networks by utilizing mixtures of kinetically distinct reversible covalent crosslinks. A methodology is described to precisely tune stress relaxation in PEG networks formed from mixtures of two different phenylboronic acid derivatives with unique diol complexation rates, 4-carboxyphenylboronic acid, and o-aminomethylphenylboronic acid. Gel relaxation time and the mechanical response to dynamic shear are exquisitely controlled by the relative concentrations of the phenylboronic acid derivatives. The differences observed in the crossover frequencies corresponding to pK<sub>a</sub> differences in the phenylboronic acid derivatives directly connect the molecular kinetics of the reversible crosslinks to the macroscopic dynamic mechanical behavior. Mechanical tuning by mixing reversible covalent crosslinking kinetics is found to be independent of other attributes of network architecture, such as molecular weight between crosslinks.
Direct Observation of Unstained Biological Specimens in Water by the Frequency Transmission Electric-Field Method Using SEM (2014)

Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) is a powerful tool for the direct visualization of biological specimens at nanometre-scale resolution. However, images of unstained specimens in water using an atmospheric holder exhibit very poor contrast and heavy radiation damage. Here, we present a new form of microscopy, the frequency transmission electric-field (FTE) method using SEM, that offers low radiation damage and high-contrast observation of unstained biological samples in water. The wet biological specimens are enclosed in two silicon nitride (SiN) films. The metal-coated SiN film is irradiated using a focused modulation electron beam (EB) at a low-accelerating voltage. A measurement terminal under the sample holder detects the electric-field frequency signal, which contains structural information relating to the biological specimens. Our results in very little radiation damage to the sample, and the observation image is similar to the transmission image, depending on the sample volume. Our developed method can easily be utilized for the observation of various biological specimens in water.
Online Classifier Adaptation in Brain-Computer Interfaces (2006)

Brain-computer interfaces (BCIs) aim to provide a new channel of communication by enabling the subject to control an external systems by using purely mental commands. One method of doing this without invasive surgical procedures is by measuring the electrical activity of the brain on the scalp through electroencephalography (EEG). A major obstacle to developing complex EEG-based BCI systems that provide a number of intuitive mental commands is the high variability of EEG signals. EEG signals from the same subject vary considerably within a single session and between sessions on the same or different days. To deal with this we are investigating methods of adapting the classifier while it is being used by the subject. By keeping the classifier constantly tuned to the EEG signals of the current session we hope to improve the performance of the classifier and allow the subject to learn to use the BCI more effectively. This paper discusses preliminary offline and online experiments towards this goal, focusing on the initial training period when the task that the subject is trying to achieve is known and thus supervised adaptation methods can be used. In these experiments the subjects were asked to perform three mental commands (imagination of left and right hand movements, and a language task) and the EEG signals were classified with a Gaussian classifier.
XANES Mo <i>L</i>-Edges and XPS Study of Mo Loaded in HY Zeolite (2002)

Molybdena-containing ultrastable (HY) zeolites, prepared using several Mo precursors and activation procedures, were characterized by X-ray absorption near-edge structure (XANES) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). Combined XANES Mo L-edge and XPS results revealed that the Mo 4d electronic level is not strongly influenced by the preparation procedures but that it is clearly modified by the presence of Pd. The splitting of 2.4−2.6 eV obtained in the white line at both Mo LII,III-edges clearly indicated that Mo was tetrahedrally coordinated in all dehydrated catalysts. The Mo oxidation state, evaluated by the energy shift in the absorption edge, was also independent of the synthesis process. The Mo LII-edge is discussed for the first time as a very sensitive probe to determine the nature of Mo species. Even the XANES LIII-edge relative intensity of the maximum at the split white line depends on the Mo coordination; at the LII-edge, intensities do not depend on Mo coordination alone. This aspect should be associated, consistent with the binding energy (BE) of 3d levels observed by XPS, with the presence of Al atoms at the second Mo-surrounding in Mo-exchanged sites in zeolites.
Reinvestigation of Culture (2023)

Due to the culture revolution, inflation of economy and globalization, China has been suffering from mass unqualified products of architecture, loss of culture and traditions, also unaffordable real estate; causing the instability of the society, in which emptiness, anxiety, uncertainty of people are occupied. Burdons must be released. And culture need to be revitalized. By studying I-Ching and Taoism, the origins of Chinese civilization, finding the philosophy of Tao which can be carried into architecture, the equilibrium between culture and globalization is established. The nation-wide uniformed apartments built under the welfare oriented housing distribution system in the 1980’s, are now either torn down or hidden behind the high rises and forgotten. The ones which are survived from the development of real estate, could be reconstructed to be a nice and affordable community where social interaction is encouraged, virtue of individual is cultivated and culture is renovated. In the philosophy of Tao, when one side is compelling and overwhelming, the counterpart could be perked up by yielding and returning. Therefore, in the design of the reconstruction, deduction is the motion of Tao. Introducing light scoops into the building to created horizontal and vertical courtyard, sunlight, rainwater and wind is able to come into the building. people is able to perceive the nature inside where balance of artificial and the nature is built. Also the light scoop divides the spaces into layers so that people have a private space to think as well as a semi-public space where social interactions are forced to happen. The space of light scoop is functionally blank, though. It is spiritually abondant.
Interaction model for predicting bead geometry for Lab Joint in GMA welding process (2009)

Purpose: The prediction of the optimal bead geometry is an important aspect in robotic welding process. Therefore, the mathematical models that predict and control the bead geometry require to be developed. This paper focuses on investigation of the development of the simple and accuracy interaction model for prediction of bead geometry for lab joint in robotic Gas Metal Arc (GMA) welding process. Design/methodology/approach: The sequent experiment based on full factorial design has been conducted with two levels of five process parameters to obtain bead geometry using a GMA welding process. The analysis of variance (ANOVA) has efficiently been used for identifying the significance of main and interaction effects of process parameters. General linear model and regression analysis has been employed as a guide to achieve the linear, curvilinear and interaction models. The fitting and the prediction of bead geometry given by these models were also carried out. Graphic results display the effects of process parameter and interaction effects on bead geometry. Findings: The fitting and the prediction capabilities of interaction models are reliable than the linear and curlinear models and it was found that welding voltage, arc current, welding speed and 2-way interaction CTWD welding angle have the large significant effects on bead geometry. Research limitations/implications: The these models developed are extended to shielding gas composition, weld joint position, polarity and many other parameters which are not included in this research in order to establish a closed loop feedback control system to minimize possible errors from uncontrolled variations. Practical implications: The developed models apply real-time control for bead geometry in GMA welding process and perform the Design of Experiments (DOE) analysis steps in order to solve optimisation problems in GMA welding process. Originality/value: The interaction factors, welding voltage arc current, CTWD welding angle, also imposes a significant effect on bead geometry. With the experimental data of this study, the interaction models have a more reliable fitting and better predicting than that of linear and curvilinear models.