gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Selective Functionalization of Carbon Nanotubes: Part II (2010)

An alternative method of low-temperature plasma functionalization of carbon nanotubes provides for the simultaneous attachment of molecular groups of multiple (typically two or three) different species or different mixtures of species to carbon nanotubes at different locations within the same apparatus. This method is based on similar principles, and involves the use of mostly the same basic apparatus, as those of the methods described in "Low-Temperature Plasma Functionalization of Carbon Nanotubes" (ARC-14661-1), NASA Tech Briefs, Vol. 28, No. 5 (May 2004), page 45. The figure schematically depicts the basic apparatus used in the aforementioned method, with emphasis on features that distinguish the present alternative method from the other. In this method, one exploits the fact that the composition of the deposition plasma changes as the plasma flows from its source in the precursor chamber toward the nanotubes in the target chamber. As a result, carbon nanotubes mounted in the target chamber at different flow distances (d1, d2, d3 . . .) from the precursor chamber become functionalized with different species or different mixtures of species. In one series of experiments to demonstrate this method, N2 was used as the precursor gas. After the functionalization process, the carbon nanotubes from three different positions in the target chamber were examined by Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy to identify the molecular groups that had become attached. On carbon nanotubes from d1 = 1 cm, the attached molecular groups were found to be predominantly C-N and C=N. On carbon nanotubes from d2 = 2.5 cm, the attached molecular groups were found to be predominantly C-(NH)2 and/or C=NH2. (The H2 was believed to originate as residual hydrogen present in the nanotubes.) On carbon nanotubes from d3 = 7 cm no functionalization could be detected - perhaps, it was conjectured, because this distance is downstream of the plasma source, all of the free ions and free radicals of the plasma had recombined into molecules.
Inductor Energy Reduction Schemes for Overshoot Mitigation in Voltage Regulators (2018)

High current voltage regulators for microelectronic loads like microprocessors and field programmable gate arrays have stringent overshoot requirements due to reliability and performance implications. Toward this end this paper presents two novel inductor energy reduction schemes for overshoot mitigation. In first scheme inductor energy is transferred to load capacitance in a physically adjacent domain via an inter-domain switch. Results show a 40% reduction in overshoot magnitude. The second scheme eliminates inductor energy increase via a fast duty ratio clamp resulting in 22 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">%</sup> overshoot reduction. Both schemes save overall system power - the former via energy transfer and the latter via reduction in energy build up, thereby making them superior to conventional methods. Salient equations describing overshoot behavior, and simulation results of mitigation mechanisms for multi-domain scenarios are provided.
Tandem photonic amplifier employing a pulsed master oscillator fiber power amplifier with programmable temporal pulse shape capability (2008)

We report on recent advances in the development of a 1064 nm pulsed master oscillator fiber power amplifier (MOFPA) with integrated modulators enabling programmable temporal pulse shapes and its employment in a tandem photonic amplifier. The MOFPA amplifier chain is seeded by a laser diode operated in the CW regime, yielding very stable spectral characteristics that are independent of the pulse repetition rate and pulse shape. The use of 3 GHz integrated LiNbO3 electro-optic modulators in conjunction with high speed digital electronics results in an excellent pulse shaping capability, a fine pulse amplitude stability and high repetition rate operation (100 kHz-1MHz) with fast rise times (<1ns). Energy per pulse of 8-10 μJ with good beam quality characteristics are obtained using advanced large mode area (LMA) fiber designs in the final power amplifier stage. The output is linearly polarized with a spectral bandwidth of < 0.1 nm. When employed in a tandem amplifier configuration, in which the MOFPA output is input to a single-stage, single-pass Nd:YVO<sub>4</sub> amplifier pumped by a single 30 W fiber-coupled 808 nm diode, a 600 mW average power at 100 KHz signal input from the MOFPA was amplified to 6 W with faithful amplification of the input temporal pulse profile while achieving excellent beam quality (M<sup>2</sup><1.1) and pulse amplitude stability (< ±3%, 3σ). A model of tandem amplifier performance shows good agreement with experimental results and indicates prospective performance of advanced tandem photonic amplifier configurations.
Computational Investigation of a Novel Box-Wing Aircraft Concept (2022)

With regard to the current needs for greener aviation, this study focuses on a novel concept of Box-Wing Aircraft (BWA). Labelled SmartLiner (BWA/SL), this conceptual aircraft comes as a triplane comprising backward and forward swept wings. The aerodynamic performance and structural characteristics of this BWA/SL aircraft are here explored through numerical simulation, using Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) and Fluid-Structure Interaction (FSI). The computational approach is first validated using NASA’s Common Research Model (CRM) aircraft, which is then taken as a reference solution against which to compare the aero-structural merits of the BWA/SL concept. Results show that, although its design is still preliminary and lacks optimization, the BWA/SL aircraft exhibits very decent aerodynamic performance, with higher lifting capacities and a reasonable lift-to-drag ratio. Moreover, thanks to the closed frame of its peculiar planform, it demonstrates superior structural characteristics, including under extreme loading scenarios. Based on this preliminary analysis and considering the room left for its further optimization, this conceptual aircraft thus appears as a potentially promising alternative for the development of more environmentally friendly airliners.
Chitin Catabolism in the Marine Bacterium Vibrio furnissii (2000)

Chitin catabolism by the marine bacterium Vibrio furnissii involves many genes and proteins, including two unique periplasmic hydrolases, a chitodextrinase and a beta-N-acetylglucosaminidase (Keyhani, N. O. , and Roseman, S. (1996) J. Biol. Chem. 271, 33414-33424 and 33425-33432). A specific chitoporin in the outer membrane may be required for these glycosidases to be accessible to extracellular chitooligosaccharides, (GlcNAc)(n), that are produced by chitinases. We report here the identification and molecular cloning of such a porin. An outer membrane protein, OMP (apparent molecular mass 40 kDa) was expressed when V. furnissii was induced by (GlcNAc)(n), n = 2-6, but not by GlcNAc or other sugars. Based on the N-terminal sequence of OMP, oligonucleotides were synthesized and used to clone the gene, chiP. The deduced amino acid sequence of ChiP is similar to several bacterial porins; OMP is a processed form of ChiP. In Escherichia coli, two recombinant proteins were observed, corresponding to processed and unprocessed forms of ChiP. A null mutant of chiP was constructed in V. furnissii. In contrast to the parental strain, the mutant did not grow on (GlcNAc)(3) and transported a nonmetabolizable analogue of (GlcNAc)(2) at a reduced rate. These results imply that ChiP is a specific chitoporin.
<title>VIS-IR transmitting BGG glass and glass-ceramics</title> (2000)

BaO-Ga<SUB>2</SUB>O<SUB>3</SUB>-GeO<SUB>2</SUB> (BGG) glasses have the desired properties for window applications in the 0.5 - 5 micrometers wavelength region. BGG glasses are low cost alternatives to the currently used window materials and are being scaled-up to large sizes for various Department of Defense applications. Fabrication of a high optical quality 6.5' X 8.5' X 0.5' rectangular BGG glass window has already been demonstrated. A transmitted wave front error of about (lambda) /15 at 632 nm has been achieved in polished BGG glasses. Although the mechanical properties of BGG glasses are acceptable for various window applications, it is demonstrated here that they can be further improved significantly either by the glass-ceramization process or by forming a composite. Neither process adds any significant cost to the final window material. The glass composite transmits in the 0.5 - 5 micrometers region while the crystallite size in the glass-ceramic currently limits its transmission to the 2 - 5 micrometers region.
Facile Synthesis of a Series of 2-(4-Alkyloxyphenyl)-5-cyanopyridine Liquid Crystalline Compounds (2008)

This study describes the facile synthesis of a homologous series of pyridine-containing liquid crystalline 2-(4-alkyloxyphenyl)-5-cyanopyridines (nOPPyCN, n = 3-7).The subject liquid crystals were prepared in a short two-step reaction.First, 4-alkyloxyphenylmagnesium bromides were added to Nphenyloxycarbonyl-3-cyanopyridinium chloride, affording a 1,2-dihydropyridine, which was then oxidized by o-chloronil.The resulting products, 2-(4alkyloxyphenyl)-5-cyanopyridines, were obtained in good yields (72%-83%).Thermotropic behaviors of these liquid crystals were investigated using differential scanning calorimetry (dsc) and polarized optical microscopy (pom).
Delay/doppler Radar Altimeter in Littoral Regions (1997)

Abstract : Recent discovery of the delay/Doppler technique (Raney, 1996) opens new opportunities for radar altimetry. This new technique promises relatively fine spatial resolution, greater precision, substantially improved tracking and measurement accuracy near coastlines and surface feature contrasts, and reduced on-board power requirements. These attributes should translate into better performance from a smaller, less expensive instrument, a prediction that as of now is untested. The main thrust of this and related projects is to respond to that challenge: demonstrate that the delay/Doppler altimeter is a compelling candidate for an advanced instrument that would meet the requirements of future satellite radar altimeter missions.
Lifting 2d Human Pose to 3d : A Weakly Supervised Approach (2019)

Estimating 3d human pose from monocular images is a challenging problem due to the variety and complexity of human poses and the inherent ambiguity in recovering depth from the single view. Recent deep learning based methods show promising results by using supervised learning on 3d pose annotated datasets. However, the lack of large-scale 3d annotated training data captured under in-the-wild settings makes the 3d pose estimation difficult for in-the-wild poses. Few approaches have utilized training images from both 3d and 2d pose datasets in a weakly-supervised manner for learning 3d poses in unconstrained settings. In this paper, we propose a method which can effectively predict 3d human pose from 2d pose using a deep neural network trained in a weakly-supervised manner on a combination of ground-truth 3d pose and ground-truth 2d pose. Our method uses re-projection error minimization as a constraint to predict the 3d locations of body joints, and this is crucial for training on data where the 3d ground-truth is not present. Since minimizing re-projection error alone may not guarantee an accurate 3d pose, we also use additional geometric constraints on skeleton pose to regularize the pose in 3d. We demonstrate the superior generalization ability of our method by cross-dataset validation on a challenging 3d benchmark dataset MPI-INF-3DHP containing in the wild 3d poses.
IV-VI semiconductor nanocrystals for passive Q-switch in IR (2004)

The use of semiconductor nanocrystals as a passive Q-switch in an eye-safe laser system is demonstrated. These lasers recently became popular in laser radar, three-dimensional scanning, targeting, and communication applications. Such applications require the laser to operate under Q-switching, generating a laser pulse with duration on the order of tens of nanoseconds, and a peak power on the order of a megawatt. Semiconductor nanocrystals exhibit unique physical properties, associated with the quantum size effect. The PbS and PbSe nanocrystals show a size-tunable absorption resonance in the near IR spectral region (1000-3000 nm), saturable absorbing properties, suitable as a functional Q-switch in eye-safe lasers. The quantum confinement effect and the saturable absorption can be manifested only in high quality nanocrystals with a narrow size distribution and passivated surfaces. Thus, a special synthetic procedures have been used for the preparation of PbSe core, PbSe/PbS core-shell and PbSe/PbSexS1-x core-alloyed shell nanocrystals. Then, a passively Q-switched Er:glass laser has been assembled, while the laser output energy, Q-switch threshold energies, and pulse width have been measured.
Intravitreal properties of porous silicon photonic crystals: a potential self-reporting intraocular drug-delivery vehicle (2008)

The porous silicon photonic crystals showed good biocompatibility and may be used as an intraocular drug-delivery system. The intravitreal injectable porous silicon photonic crystals may be engineered to host a variety of therapeutics and achieve controlled drug release over long periods of time to treat chronic vitreoretinal diseases.
Fault diagnosis of a sensor network (2012)

This paper proposes a novel fault diagnosis scheme for a sensor network of a cascade, parallel and feedback combination of subsystems. The objective is to detect and isolate a fault in any of the subsystems and measurement sensors which are subject to disturbances and measurement noise. A bank of Kalman filters (KF) is employed to detect and isolate faults. Each KF is driven by either a pair (a) of consecutive sensor measurements or (b) of a reference input and a measurement. It is shown that the KF residual is an indicator of a fault in subsystems and sensors located in the path between the pair of the KF's input. The simple and efficient procedure proposed here analyzes each of the associate paths and leads to the fault detection and isolation. The scheme is successfully evaluated on several simulated examples and a physical fluid system exemplified by a benchmarked laboratory-scale two-tank system to detect and isolate faults including sensor, actuator and leakage ones.
A Unified Probabilistic Approach to Referring Expressions (2012)

This paper proposes a probabilistic approach to the resolution of referring expressions for task-oriented dialogue systems. The approach resolves descriptions, anaphora, and deixis in a unified manner. In this approach, the notion of reference domains serves an important role to handle context-dependent attributes of entities and references to sets. The evaluation with the REX-J corpus shows promising results. 1
Jet printing flexible displays (2006)

Jet printing is an interesting patterning technique for electronic devices because it requires no physical mask, has digital control of ejection, and provides good layer-to-layer registration. It also has the potential to reduce display manufacturing costs and enable roll-to-roll processing. The technique is illustrated with examples of prototype printed displays using amorphous silicon and polymer semiconductors.
Manipulation with Tower Cranes Exhibiting Double-Pendulum Oscillations (2007)

The payload oscillation inherent to all cranes makes it challenging for human operators to manipulate pay-loads quickly, accurately, and safely. Under certain conditions, the problem is compounded when the payload creates a double-pendulum effect. This paper presents an input-shaping control method for suppressing double-pendulum payload oscillations. Local and teleoperation experiments performed on a portable tower crane are used to verify the effectiveness of the method. Data from these experiments show that operators performed manipulation tasks faster and safer when input shaping was utilized to reduce payload sway. Furthermore, the teleoperation delays did not degrade the input shaping effectiveness.
Novel Histone Deacetylase Inhibitors: Cyclic Tetrapeptide with Trifluoromethyl and Pentafluoroethyl Ketones. (2005)

Abstract For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
ESD-Protected K-Band Low-Noise Amplifiers Using RF Junction Varactors in 65-nm CMOS (2011)

This paper presents two K-band low-noise amplifiers (LNAs) in 65-nm CMOS using the proposed RF junction varactors as the ESD protection devices. The junction varactors are customized for the RF ESD applications with accurate equivalent circuit models. The experimental results demonstrate excellent second breakdown currents ( <i xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">It</i> <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> ) and high ratios of the ESD level to parasitic capacitances ( <i xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">V</i> <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">ESD</sub> / <i xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">C</i> <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">ESD</sub> ) . Using the dual-diode topology, the first LNA demonstrates an over 2-kV Human-Body-Model (HBM) ESD protection level with a noise figure (NF) of 2.8 dB and a peak gain of 14.3 dB at around 24 GHz under a power consumption of only 7 mW. By incorporating an RF junction varactor as the extra gate-source capacitance at the input stage as a part of the ESD network, the second LNA presents an enhanced failure current level up to 2.6 A (corresponding to an HBM ESD level of 3.9 kV), and a Charge-Device-Model (CDM) ESD level up to 10.7 A, characterized by the Very Fast Transmission Line Pulse (VFTLP) tests. The second LNA shows a NF of 3.2 dB and a power gain of 13.7 dB, also under 7 mW.
Gate antenna structures for monitoring oxide quality and reliability (2002)

Gate antenna structures have been developed to detect charge induced process damage to sub-micron gate oxide. For the first time, this damage is correlated with product failure due to gate oxide in accelerated life testing. These antenna structures are thus proven to be useful for wafer level gate oxide reliability screening.
Usable natural language interfaces through menu-based natural language understanding (1983)

Conventional natural language interfaces suffer from several ease-of-use problems. They require a user to type and to formulate questions in a way that the system can understand. They have high failure rates which often frustrate users, and users often do not use features of the systems because they are unaware of them or don't trust them. In addition, conventional natural language systems are expensive to build and require large amounts of storage to use. This paper describes a new approach to natural language interfaces called menu-based natural language understanding. This new approach solves the problems listed above. The paper compares the menu-based natural language approach to conventional natural language interfaces and to other forms of interface and discusses the advantages and limitations of this new approach.
KANEBO Knit Pattern Information Processing System (1975)

To achieve a technological progress in fashion field, a knit pattern information processing system that integrates systematically sales, desining and production has been designed and completed. Basic concepts of the system are as follows : (1) To process the highly leveled information of patterns, a communicatable system between machine and human is required.(2) A system having a high flexibility is required to meet an infinite possibility of patterns.The accomplished system, an unique total system comprising pattern analysing system, sample knitting system and producting system, is easy in use and highly processable for a variety of knit patterns.The main features of the system are : (1) Only one operator can manipulate from design making to supplying the pattern information for production.(2) Using a TV camera, an original design of knit pattern can be converted into a knit pattern immediately usable for production at a highspeed of 1/60 second.(3) Using a computerized designing system, an operator can create a knit pattern communicating with a colour character display.
Gluten exorphin C (1993)

A novel opioid peptide, Tyr-Pro-Ile-Ser-Leu, was isolated from the pepsin-trypsin-chymotrypsin digest of wheat gluten. Its IC50 values were 40 microM and 13.5 microM in the GPI and MVD assays, respectively. This peptide was named gluten exorphin C. Gluten exorphin C had a structure quite different from any of the endogenous and exogenous opioid peptides ever reported in that the N terminal Tyr was the only aromatic amino acid. The analogs containing Tyr-Pro-X-Ser-Leu were synthesized to study its structure-activity relationship. Peptides in which X was an aromatic amino acid or an aliphatic hydrophobic amino acid had opioid activity.
<i>Plasmodium falciparum</i> Merozoite Surface Protein 6 Displays Multiple Targets for Naturally Occurring Antibodies That Mediate Monocyte-Dependent Parasite Killing (2005)

Plasmodium falciparum MSP6 is a merozoite surface antigen that shows organization and sequence homologies similar to those of MSP3. Within its C-terminus conserved region, it presents some epitopes that are cross-reactive with MSP3 and others that are not, both being targets of naturally occurring antibodies that block the P. falciparum erythrocytic cycle in cooperation with monocytes.
Recombinant collagenase from Grimontia hollisae as a tissue dissociation enzyme for isolating primary cells (2020)

Collagenase products are crucial to isolate primary cells in basic research and clinical therapies, where their stability in collagenolytic activity is required. However, currently standard collagenase products from Clostridium histolyticum lack such stability. Previously, we produced a recombinant 74-kDa collagenase from Grimontia hollisae, which spontaneously became truncated to ~60 kDa and possessed no stability. In this study, to generate G. hollisae collagenase useful as a collagenase product, we designed recombinant 62-kDa collagenase consisting only of the catalytic domain, which exhibits high production efficiency. We demonstrated that this recombinant collagenase is stable and active under physiological conditions. Moreover, it possesses higher specific activity against collagen and cleaves a wider variety of collagens than a standard collagenase product from C. histolyticum. Furthermore, it dissociated murine pancreata by digesting the collagens within the pancreata in a dose-dependent manner, and this dissociation facilitated isolation of pancreatic islets with masses and numbers comparable to those isolated using the standard collagenase from C. histolyticum. Implantation of these isolated islets into five diabetic mice led to normalisation of the blood glucose concentrations of all the recipients. These findings suggest that recombinant 62-kDa collagenase from G. hollisae can be used as a collagenase product to isolate primary cells.