gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Afterpulsing in Geiger-mode avalanche photodiodes for 1.06μm wavelength (2006)

We consider the phenomenon of afterpulsing in avalanche photodiodes (APDs) operating in gated and free-running Geiger mode. An operational model of afterpulsing and other noise characteristics of APDs predicts the noise behavior observed in the free-running mode. We also use gated-mode data to investigate possible sources of afterpulsing in these devices. For 30-μm-diam, 1.06-μm-wavelength InGaAsP∕InP APDs operated at 290K and 4V overbias, we obtained a dominant trap lifetime of τd=0.32μs, a trap energy of 0.11eV, and a baseline dark count rate 245kHz.
Organic semiconductor-incorporated two-dimensional halide perovskites (2021)

Organic semiconductor-incorporated halide perovskites (OSiP) have emerged as a promising new family of 2D hybrid materials with exceptional structural tunability, optical and electronic properties, and environmental stability.
Electrical detection of airborne particulates using surface ionization techniques (1975)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTElectrical detection of airborne particulates using surface ionization techniquesRichard L. Myers and Wade L. FiteCite this: Environ. Sci. Technol. 1975, 9, 4, 334–336Publication Date (Print):April 1, 1975Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 April 1975https://doi.org/10.1021/es60102a001Request reuse permissionsArticle Views84Altmetric-Citations44LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (383 KB) Get e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
A Modified Block Matching Method for Real-Time Freehand Strain Imaging (2002)

This manuscript reports a technical innovation that has been developed for real-time, freehand strain imaging. This work is based on a well-known block-matching algorithm with two significant modifications. First, since displacements are estimated row-by-row, displacement estimates from the previous row are used to predict the displacement estimates in the current row, thereby drastically reducing the search-region size and increasing computational efficiency. Second, a displacement error detection and correction method is developed to overcome the local tracking errors that may be more severe with freehand scanning and thereby improve the robustness of the algorithm. This algorithm has been implemented on a clinical ultrasound imaging system, and with real-time imaging feedback, long sequences of high quality strain images are observed using freehand compression. Displacement estimation errors with this method are experimentally measured and compared with results from simulation. We report only a specific implementation, with no comparison to other displacement estimators in the literature and no optimization of this specific technique. Images of tissue-mimicking phantoms with small spherical targets are used to test the ability to detect small lesions using the strain imaging technique. In vivo strain images of breast and thyroid are also shown.
A double-density dual-mode phase change memory using a novel background storage scheme (2014)

Conventional phase change memory (PCM) stores information in amorphous/crystalline states that can be read out as HRS/LRS. In this work we report a radically different mode of storage that can concurrently and independently work with the conventional storage mode. By stressing the memory cell with current we can shift the threshold for RESET switching, and the resulting R-I curve can be used to store logic states. These two modes of storage, HRS/LRS and R-I characteristics, are completely independent and do not interfere with each other, thus allow dual-mode storage. The background (R-I mode) and foreground (HRS/LRS) data can be independently written and read. Furthermore, the total number of bits stored is the multiplication of foreground and background storage. A 4-bit per cell storage scheme is illu strated.
Pulsed amperometric detection of carbohydrates on an electrophoretic microchip (2002)

The first report of pulsed amperometric detection (PAD) on an electrophoretic microchip is presented. A hybrid poly-(dimethylsiloxane)/glass device was coupled with a platinum working electrode for the electrochemical detection of glucose, maltose, and xylose. Under optimized detection conditions, glucose was found to respond linearly from 20 to 500 microM with a measured detection limit of 20 microM. The coupling of PAD with a microchip provides a straightforward approach to the analysis of a wide range of carbohydrates using microfluidics.
Selective radioprotection of normal tissues by new cerium oxide nanoparticles (2007)

754 Background: Selective or preferential protection of normal tissues is an attractive and potential approach to improve radiotherapy of cancer patients. Currently, we are using nanotechnology as a tool to intervene biological functions that may enhance the radiation treatment and provide a new approach in radioprotection for cancer patients. The efficacy of cancer radiotherapy is limited by normal-tissue injury in the radiation field. Although the use of precise radiation field sizes and accurate dose planning minimize these unwanted side effects, they still occur in a large percentage of treated patients. The side effects may be too severe and compromise optimal radiation dose delivery and significantly reduce the quality of life of patients. Methods and Results: In preliminary studies, we have identified a radioprotective property of the nanoparticle, cerium oxide (also known as nanoceria). We have shown that nanoceria can render protection against chemical, biological and radiological insults on a variety of cultured cell lines. In the first study, rat astrocytes were treated with 10 Gy radiation in the presence or absence of nanoceria. The results showed that in the presence of the optimal biological dose of 10 nM nanoceria, the rat astrocytes were protected from radiation-induced cell death. In another set of experiments, human normal breast (CRL8798) and breast cancer (MCF-7) cell lines were exposed to up to 5000 nM nanoceria as a single treatment. Interestingly, no nanoceria-induced cytotoxicity was observed. When 10 Gy radiation was administered as single therapy, radiation-induced cell death was observed in both the normal and cancer cell lines. However, when nanoceria was administered in combination with radiation, 10 nM nanoceria protected 99% of only the normal breast cells from radiation-induced cell death. In sharp contrast, human MCF-7 breast cancer cells exposed to the same doses of radiation combined with nanoceria were not protected from radiation-induced cell death. Conclusion: These data suggest that cerium oxide nanoparticles are an effective radioprotectant for normal tissues. Cerium oxide nanoparticles can protect normal but not cancer cells from radiation-induced cell death which will lead to novel approaches for eliminating the undesirable side effects of radiation and will ultimately lead to better efficacy of radiation therapy for cancer patients.
Kernel Loadable Wrappers for Information Assurance (2002)

Abstract : Employing kernel loadable wrappers is an approach for selectively securing operating system functionality to provide robustness and security. Kernel loadable wrappers are loadable kernel modules that hook into system interfaces to perform pre-call and post-call processing. Their key features are that they are unbypassable, since they are in the kernel, and they are easy to install, requiring no modification to the operating system kernel. They can be used to make selected components more robust or to perform various security functions, such as fine-grained mandatory access control and monitoring network connections.
Tenant based dynamic processor mapping in the cloud network function virtualization system (2016)

In this paper, we present a novel processor mapping method for Cloud Network Function Virtualization System which ensures that network traffic processing of virtual machines belonging to the same tenant is not affected by congestion in network traffic of virtual machines belonging to different tenant. In this paper, we provide a method of dynamically mapping a processor, the method including extracting tenant information on a tenant and information on a virtual machine generated by a Cloud OS or controller; classifying virtual machine queues and processors to process the virtual machine queues by tenant; and dynamically mapping the virtual machine queues onto the processors by tenant. The dynamically mapping of the virtual machine queues onto the processors by tenant may include dynamically mapping the processors to process the VMQs in proportion to either a total number of virtual machine queues belonging to the same tenant, or a total number of virtual machine queues belonging to the same tenant. Finally, we describe the operation of the Tenant based Dynamic Processor Mapping including both spreading process and coalescing process with flow chart.
Reduced Burden of Salmonella enterica in Bovine Subiliac Lymph Nodes Associated with Administration of a Direct-fed Microbial (2015)

Despite effective food safety interventions within abattoirs, Salmonella enterica remains a common contaminant of raw ground beef. Research has recently implicated peripheral lymph nodes (PLNs) as a potential route by which Salmonella contaminates ground beef. This study examined the efficacy of using Lactobacillus animalis (formerly designated Lactobacillus acidophilus; NP51) and Propionibacterium freudenreichii (NP24), at 10(9) cfu/head/day, as a direct-fed microbial (DFM) in feedlot cattle diets to control Salmonella within PLNs. Two studies were conducted in which cattle were randomly allocated into either control or DFM treatment groups. Diets of treated cattle were supplemented with 10(9) cfu/head/day of the DFM, while control groups received no DFM supplementation. During slaughter at abattoirs, one subiliac lymph node (SLN) per carcass was collected from 627 carcasses from one study and 99 carcasses from the second study. Lymph nodes were cultured to estimate the presence and concentration of Salmonella. In the first study, effects of DFM supplementation varied across slaughter days. On the first and second slaughter days, prevalence was reduced by 50% (P = 0.0072) and 31% (P = 0.0093), respectively. No significant difference was observed on slaughter day three (P = 0.1766). In the second study, Salmonella was 82% less likely (P = 0.008) to be recovered from SLNs of treatment cattle. While a greater relative risk reduction was observed in the latter study, absolute risk reductions were similar across studies. A significant reduction in the concentration of Salmonella in SLNs (P < 0.0001) on a cfu/g and cfu/node basis was also observed in cattle administered NP51 and NP24 in the first study; in the second study, too few quantifiable SLNs were observed to facilitate meaningful comparisons. The results indicate that NP51 and NP24 supplementation may aid in reducing the prevalence and concentration of Salmonella in SLNs and, therefore, serve as an effective control measure to reduce Salmonella in ground beef products.
Physical and functional interaction of the active zone proteins, CAST, RIM1, and Bassoon, in neurotransmitter release (2004)

We have recently isolated a novel cytomatrix at the active zone (CAZ)-associated protein, CAST, and found it directly binds another CAZ protein RIM1 and indirectly binds Munc13-1 through RIM1; RIM1 and Munc13-1 directly bind to each other and are implicated in priming of synaptic vesicles. Here, we show that all the CAZ proteins thus far known form a large molecular complex in the brain, including CAST, RIM1, Munc13-1, Bassoon, and Piccolo. RIM1 and Bassoon directly bind to the COOH terminus and central region of CAST, respectively, forming a ternary complex. Piccolo, which is structurally related to Bassoon, also binds to the Bassoon-binding region of CAST. Moreover, the microinjected RIM1- or Bassoon-binding region of CAST impairs synaptic transmission in cultured superior cervical ganglion neurons. Furthermore, the CAST-binding domain of RIM1 or Bassoon also impairs synaptic transmission in the cultured neurons. These results indicate that CAST serves as a key component of the CAZ structure and is involved in neurotransmitter release by binding these CAZ proteins.
Robust Fault Detection of Hybrid Switched-Capacitor Dickson Converter for Fault-Tolerant Automotive Applications (2019)

This paper presents short-circuit and open-circuit fault detection schemes for power switching devices and flying capacitors in a hybrid Dickson dc-dc converter. The methods only rely on the switching-node voltage characteristics, which eliminates the need for high-voltage sensing circuitry. The performance of the design is verified using a 36-W four-phase 48-to-3.3-V 4-to-1 hybrid Dickson converter prototype.
Abstract 3870: Construction and characterization of completely human serine protease therapeutics targeting Her2/neu (2012)

Abstract The serine protease granzyme B (GrB) is a powerful enzymatic inducer of apoptosis via a multi-modal intracellular mechanism including direct activation of the caspase cascade, damaging mitochondria resulting in the release of cytochrome C, and damaging nuclear matrix. We developed a novel recombinant immunotoxin linking GrB to a humanized Herceptin-derived scFv (4D5) specific for the Her2/neu cell-surface domain. The GrB/4D5 fusion constructs were efficiently expressed in HEK 293T mammalian cells as active glycosylated molecules and purified by immobilized cobalt affinity chromatography. In vitro studies demonstrated that GrB/4D5 retained the affinity and specificity of the original Herceptin antibody with a Kd of 0.24nM, as well as the biological activity of GrB (BAADT assay, enzymatic activity of 2.08×105U/µM, vs 1.39×105U/µM for free GrB). Target cell-specific activity was observed with IC50 of 10 to 50nM against a panel of Her2/neu positive tumor cells. In addition, the rapid induction of apoptosis in cells was confirmed by Annexin V staining and detection of activated caspase-3 in the cytosol. GrB/4D5 was active against BT474 M1 parental cells as well as Herceptin-resistant cells, despite the fact that these cells were more than 150 fold resistant to Herceptin. Addition of EGF or NRG-1 had no inhibitory effect on the cytotoxicity of the fusion construct against BT474 M1 cells. This is the first report of GrB-based immunotoxins having the potential to overcome Herceptin resistance arising in breast tumor cells. Further in vitro characterization against Her2/neu positive cancer cells expressing MDR or MRP-related proteins and in vivo xenograft model studies are ongoing. Research conducted, in part, by the Clayton Foundation for Research. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 103rd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2012 Mar 31-Apr 4; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2012;72(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 3870. doi:1538-7445.AM2012-3870
Polarization measurements using a commercial off-the-shelf digital camera (2005)

This paper presents a methodology to obtain polarization profiles using a commercial off-the-shelf (COTS) digital camera. It contains calibration techniques to ensure robust and accurate determination of the Stokes parameters and the system polarization state. It calculates the Stokes parameters for each scene pixel along with the degree of polarization, azimuth, and ellipticity angles for each of the RGB channels. A detailed calculation shows that the quasimonochromatic approximation for the wavelength dependence of the quarterwave plate can be extended to include the broadband RGB channels. A simple and inexpensive camera calibration converts RGB values to optical density and then to relative intensity values. An analysis is presented for the wavelength-dependent response of the tuned zero-order quartz quarterwave retarder, the broadband RGB channels, and the fourth Stokes parameter. The noise characteristics of the digital camera are analyzed along with a detailed calibration of the imagery for target characterization applications. An extensive validation process, using white light, compares calculated theoretical results with the empirical results from the COTS camera. A RGB pseudocoloring scheme, related to the Poincaré sphere, is introduced for the visualization of polarization parameters of daylight scenes.
Analysis of Transcriptionally Active Gene Clusters of Major Outer Membrane Protein Multigene Family in<i>Ehrlichia canis</i>and<i>E. chaffeensis</i> (2001)

Ehrlichia canis and E. chaffeensis are tick-borne obligatory intramonocytic ehrlichiae that cause febrile systemic illness in humans and dogs, respectively. The current study analyzed the pleomorphic multigene family encoding approximately 30-kDa major outer membrane proteins (OMPs) of E. canis and E. chaffeensis. Upstream from secA and downstream of hypothetical transcriptional regulator, 22 paralogs of the omp gene family were found to be tandemly arranged except for one or two genes with opposite orientations in a 28- and a 27-kb locus in the E. canis and E. chaffeensis genomes, respectively. Each locus consisted of three highly repetitive regions with four nonrepetitive intervening regions. E. canis, in addition, had a 6.9-kb locus which contained a repeat of three tandem paralogs in the 28-kb locus. These total 47 paralogous and orthologous genes encoded OMPs of approximately 30 to 35 kDa consisting of several hypervariable regions alternating with conserved regions. In the 5'-end half of the 27-kb locus or the 28-kb locus of each Ehrlichia species, 14 paralogs were linked by short intergenic spaces ranging from -8 bp (overlapped) to 27 bp, and 8 remaining paralogs in the 3'-end half were connected by longer intergenic spaces ranging from 213 to 632 bp. All 22 paralogs, five unknown genes, and secA in the omp cluster in E. canis were transcriptionally active in the monocyte culture, and the paralogs with short intergenic spaces were cotranscribed with their adjacent genes, including the respective intergenic spaces at both the 5' and the 3' sides. Although omp genes are diverse, our results suggest that the gene organization of the clusters and the gene locus are conserved between two species of Ehrlichia to maintain a unique transcriptional mechanism for adaptation to environmental changes common to them.
Laser differential confocal map microimaging method and device (2015)

The invention belongs to the technical field of optical microimaging and spectral measurement, and relates to a high-spatial resolution laser differential confocal map microimaging imaging method and device. The core thought of the method is that a differential confocal detection technology is merged with a spectrum detection technology together, and a dichroic beam splitting system (13) is used to carry out nondestructive separation on Reyleigh scattering light and Raman scattering light, wherein the Raman scattering light is treated by spectrum detection, the Reyleigh scattering light is treated by geometric position detection, based on the characteristic that the position of a zero crossing point of a differential confocal curve (43) is accurately corresponding to the focus position, spectrum information of the excitation spot focus position is captured through zero crossing point triggering, the high-spatial resolution spectrum detection is realized, and a method and a device capable of realizing the high-spatial resolution spectrum detection on micro zones of samples are formed. The method and the device have the advantages of being accurate in location, high in spatial resolution, high in sensitivity of spectrum detection and controllable in measurement of focal spot size, and the like, and have a wide application prospect in the fields of biomedicine, evidence collection of tribunal, and the like.
A New Microencapsulation Technique Based on the Solvent Exchange Method (2006)

Protein microencapsulation is difficult because of the sensitivity of proteins to various stresses encountered during the encapsulation process and release period. In an attempt to overcome such difficulties, a new microencapsulation method has been developed based on an interfacial phenomenon between a polymer solution and an aqueous solution, which we call "solvent exchange." A dual microdispenser system consisting of two ink-jet nozzles was employed to test the concept. This article describes the concept and advantages of the solvent exchange method.
A novel macrolactam-disaccharide antifungal antibiotic. Taxonomy, fermentation, isolation, physico-chemical properties, structure elucidation and biological activity. (1993)

A novel natural product (1), with antifungal activity was isolated from the culture broth of an actinomadurae. The active compound was separated from broth by n-butanol extraction and purified by silica gel and multicoil counter current chromatography. Physico-chemical data suggested the structure of this compound to be a novel macrolactam disaccharide related to Sch 38518 (3). The structure was determined by spectroscopic studies on the acetate derivative. It was active against Candida spp. (MIC's, 4 approximately 64 micrograms/ml) but less than the monosaccharide, Sch 38518 (MIC's, 1 approximately 16 micrograms/ml).
Simulating multi-camera imaging systems for depth estimation, enhanced photography and video effects (2015)

Multi-camera systems have numerous applications in computational photography such as for depth estimation to enable many photography effects. We present a method for simulating multi-camera systems and results comparing different algorithms and camera geometries.
Practical risk aggregation in RBAC models (2012)

This paper describes our system, built as part of a commercially available product, for inferring the risk in an RBAC policy model, i.e., the assignment of permissions to roles and roles to users. Our system implements a general model of risk based on any arbitrary set of properties of permissions and users. Our experience shows that fuzzy inferencing systems are best suited to capture how humans assign risk to such assignments. To implement fuzzy inferencing practically we need the axiom of monotonicity, i.e., risk can not decrease when more permissions are assigned to a role or when the role is assigned to fewer users. We describe the visualization component which administrators can use to infer aggregate risk in role assignments as well as drill down into which assignments are actually risky. Administrators can then use this knowledge to refactor roles and assignments.