gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Molecular analysis of herbivore‐induced condensed tannin synthesis: cloning and expression of dihydroflavonol reductase from trembling aspen (<i>Populus tremuloides</i>) (2002)

In order to study condensed tannin synthesis and its induction by herbivory, a dihydroflavonol reductase (DFR) cDNA was isolated from trembling aspen (Populus tremuloides). Bacterial overexpression demonstrated that this cDNA encodes a functional DFR enzyme, and Southern analysis revealed that DFR likely is a single-copy gene in the aspen genome. Aspen plants that were mechanically wounded showed a dramatic increase in DFR expression after 24 h in both wounded leaves and unwounded leaves on wounded trees. Feeding by forest tent caterpillar (Malacosoma disstria) and satin moth (Leucoma salicis) larvae, and treatment with methyl jasmonate, all strongly induced DFR expression. DFR enzyme activity was also induced in wounded aspen leaves, and phytochemical assays revealed that condensed tannin concentrations significantly increased in wounded and systemic leaves. The expression of other genes involved in the phenylpropanoid pathway were also induced by wounding. Our findings suggest that the induction of condensed tannins, compounds known to be important for defense against herbivores, is mediated by increased expression of DFR and other phenylpropanoid genes.
The scientific basis for regarding vitamin A and its analogues as anti-carcinogenic agents (1983)

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PP.28.07 (2015)

Objective: We have reported that angiotensinogen gene expression was increased in the hypertrophic hearts of salt-sensitive hypertensive (SSH) rats. The methylated status of the promoter region of angiotensinogen gene influences its gene expression. In order to clarify the relationships between the methylation status of angiotensinogen gene and high salt diet, we examined the three parts of CpG islands of angiotensinogen gene in the hearts of SSH rats. Design and method: Five male SSH rats were fed with high salt diet (8% NaCl) or normal salt diet (0.45%) for 8 weeks. Plasma aldosterone and PRA were measured at 8 weeks. The DNA and RNA were extracted from the hearts of each experimental group. Histological analysis of the hearts was done. The methylation status was estimated by bisulfite sequencing. The expression levels of mRNA of angiotensinogen were measured by quantitative real time PCR. Results: High salt diet significantly increased blood pressure and heart weight compared with normal salt diet (p < 0.05). Plasma aldosterone and PRA were decreased. The mRNA levels of angiotensinogen in the hearts were significantly increased (p < 0.05) in the high-salt diet group. Hypomethylated status of the angiotensinogen gene was seen in the hearts of SSH rats fed with high salt diet. Conclusions: Epigenetic influence of high salt diet may affect gene expression of angiotensinogen and partly induced hypertrophy of the hearts of SSH rats.
Photoresponsive Liquid Crystal Elastomers as Feedback Controlled Light-driven Actuators – Theory, Real-time Behaviour, Limitations (2016)

Liquid Crystal Elastomers constitute a class of intelligent materials and actuators. External stimulation induces an internal phase-change that results in a mechanical motion of the Liquid Crystal Elastomer. External stimuli can be humidity, thermal energy but also radiation with an appropriate wavelength. In this paper we use the photomechanic response of Liquid Crystal Elastomers as a driving force for a controlled actuator, operating in feedback constellation with a tuned cascade-compensator. To accomplish this, we go the methodical route of dynamic system investigation consisting of an analysis of the phenomenological system-properties, the identification of the dynamic behaviour and the overall synthesis of the feedback-control loop. Since we also take practical considerations into account, we present a coordinated hard- and software concept to realize the application of the Liquid Crystal Elastomer as a controlled actuator. An application guide complements the paper and discusses the limits of this class of actuators.
Influence of the Sintering Conditions on the Properties of PM Materials (2018)

The present paper reports the effect of the three steps of the sintering conditions - dewaxing - sintering - cooling- on the properties of PM steels. Three grades of PM materials have been studied with three different alloying elements. The effect of a copper (mixing), a chromium (prealloyed) and a silicon (prealloyed) addition to iron powder for production of motor parts, synchronizer parts and soft magnetic materials is investigated.
Effects of pildralazine alone and in combination on severe hypertension and cerebrovascular lesions in saline-drinking spontaneously hypertensive rats. (1984)

The efficacy of long-term treatments with the vasodilator antihypertensive pildralazine alone and in combination with propranolol or dihydrochlorothiazide in preventing blood pressure increase and cerebrovascular lesions in saline-drinking spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) was evaluated. Groups of 20-40 animals were treated daily for 13 weeks. At the end of the experiments the brains were examined histologically and vascular lesions, ranging from arterial wall damage to cerebral infarction, were checked. In the control groups (n = 60), systolic blood pressure gradually rose to over 200 mmHg, and about 74% of the animals had lesions. Pildralazine at a dose of 1 mg/kg p.o. significantly inhibited the onset of severe hypertension; the combination of pildralazine with moderately effective doses of propranolol (10 mg/kg p.o.) or dihydrochlorothiazide (5 mg/kg p.o.) completely prevented the blood pressure increase. When blood pressure control was achieved, the incidence of cerebrovascular lesions was also significantly reduced.
Stromal Fibroblasts in Cancer: A Novel Tumor-Promoting Cell Type (2006)

Tumors are highly complex tissues composed of neoplastic cells and, in the case of carcinomas, stromal cell compartments containing a variety of mesenchymal cells, notably fibroblasts, myofibroblasts, endothelial cells, pericytes, and a variety of inflammatory cells associated with the immune system. Fibroblasts and myofibroblasts often represent the majority of the stromal cells within various types of human carcinomas, yet the specific contributions of these cells to tumor growth are poorly understood. Recent work has demonstrated that stromal fibroblast fractions, named carcinoma-associated fibroblasts (CAFs), that have been extracted from a number of invasive human breast carcinomas are more competent to promote the growth of mammary carcinoma cells and to enhance tumor angiogenesis than are comparable cells derived from outside of these tumor masses. CAFs include large populations of myofibroblasts that secrete elevated levels of stromal cell-derived factor 1 (SDF-1), also called CXCL12, which plays a central role in the promotion of tumor growth and angiogenesis; CAF-derived SDF-1 not only stimulates carcinoma cell growth directly through the CXCR4 receptor displayed on tumor cells but also serves to recruit endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) into tumors, thereby furthering neoangiogenesis. In this review, we highlight the importance of this SDF-1-CXCR4 signaling pathway in the tumor microenvironment and discuss the mechanisms by which stromal fibroblasts within mammary carcinomas enhance tumor growth.
Fetal ECG during labour: a presentation of a microprocessor system (1988)

Changes in the ST waveform of the fetal ECG have been detected in 47 term deliveries with vertex presentations using a specially developed microprocessor-based system for on-line recording of T wave amplitude. The T wave was quantified by the T/QRS ratio. The recording included one scalp electrode for exploration and a maternal skin electrode as reference. Signal quality allowed optimal ST waveform assessment in 89% of the cases. The degree of perinatal asphyxia was judged from cord artery acid-base status and the neonatal outcome. In completely normal fetuses at term the mean T/QRS ratio was 0.148 with a standard deviation of 0.048. With this basic information we can proceed in the investigation of the T/QRS ratio as a means for fetal surveillance.
Effective capacity-based delay performance estimators for LTE radio bearer QoS provision (2014)

The long term evolution (LTE) technology supports end-to-end Quality of Service (QoS). QoS-supported systems assess QoS performance of different traffic flows and then allocate resources to balance QoS among these flows. For assessing delay performance, there are two effective capacity-based estimators: the conventional Effective Capacity (EC) estimator and the discrete-time EC estimator. In this work, an integration of these estimators into LTE radio bearers is proposed. Furthermore, a comparison of these two estimators is undertaken. We build a multi-layer simulation platform of video streaming over LTE downlink air interface. Results indicate that the discrete-time EC estimator is more appropriate for LTE networks.
Improved Low-Bitrate HEVC Video Coding Using Deep Learning Based Super-Resolution and Adaptive Block Patching (2019)

Good-quality video coding for low-bitrate applications is essential for narrow bandwidth transmission and limited capacity storage. In this paper, we propose an adaptive downsampling-based coding model to improve the low-bitrate compression efficiency of high-efficiency video coding (HEVC). At the encoder, the video sequence is adaptively divided into key frames (KFs) and nonkey frames (NKFs), which are encoded at the original resolution and at a reduced resolution, respectively. At the decoder, a super-resolution method based on deep learning and gradient transformation is used to upscale the NKFs. To improve the quality of NKFs without additional information during decoding, we use motion estimation to find the most similar blocks between the upscaled NKFs and the associated high-resolution KFs. Then, an adaptive patching-based method is used to warp the low-quality NKF blocks with the high-quality KF blocks. Experimental results indicate that for standard high-definition test video sequences, the maximum improvement in the peak signal-to-noise ratio can reach 3.54 dB, and the critical bitrate can reach 9.89 Mb/s at a low bitrate when compared to HEVC. These results demonstrate significant improvements compared to existing methods.
Minimum Mean-Square Error Estimation of Discrete Fourier Coefficients With Generalized Gamma Priors (2007)

This paper considers techniques for single-channel speech enhancement based on the discrete Fourier transform (DFT). Specifically, we derive minimum mean-square error (MMSE) estimators of speech DFT coefficient magnitudes as well as of complex-valued DFT coefficients based on two classes of generalized gamma distributions, under an additive Gaussian noise assumption. The resulting generalized DFT magnitude estimator has as a special case the existing scheme based on a Rayleigh speech prior, while the complex DFT estimators generalize existing schemes based on Gaussian, Laplacian, and Gamma speech priors. Extensive simulation experiments with speech signals degraded by various additive noise sources verify that significant improvements are possible with the more recent estimators based on super-Gaussian priors. The increase in perceptual evaluation of speech quality (PESQ) over the noisy signals is about 0.5 points for street noise and about 1 point for white noise, nearly independent of input signal-to-noise ratio (SNR). The assumptions made for deriving the complex DFT estimators are less accurate than those for the magnitude estimators, leading to a higher maximum achievable speech quality with the magnitude estimators.
auto-AID: A data mining framework for autonomic anomaly identification in networked computer systems (2010)

Networked computer systems continue to grow in scale and in the complexity of their components and interactions. Component failures become norms instead of exceptions in these environments. A failure will cause one or multiple computer(s) to be unavailable, which affects the resource utilization and system throughput. When a computer fails to function properly, health-related data are valuable for troubleshooting. However, it is challenging to effectively identify anomalies from the voluminous amount of noisy, high-dimensional data. In this paper, we present auto-AID, an autonomic mechanism for anomaly identification in networked computer systems. It is composed of a set of data mining techniques that facilitates automatic analysis of system health data. The identification results are very valuable for the system administrators to manage systems and schedule the available resources. We implement a prototype of auto-AID and evaluate it on a production institution-wide compute grid. The results show that auto-AID can effectively identify anomalies with little human intervention.
Digital Portfolios: A Confluence of Portfolio Assessment and Technology (1998)

Two powerful trends in teacher education are rapidly intersecting. The first is the use of performance-based portfolios for assessment, instruction, and profes sional development. The second involves the transformation of the computer from a complicated instrument of a few zealots to a seamless, universally available tool that facilitates tasks involving the access to and processing of knowledge. This article briefly summarizes each of these two trends, explores their connections, and poses some possibili David Georgi is an ties that teacher educators may want to consider as associate professor in the they plan for the future. Teacher Education Department at California The Trend Toward Performance State University, Bakersfield; Judith Based Assessment and Portfolios Crowe is an instructor in The use of portfolios is becoming commonplace the School of Education in today's schools and universities. They reflect a at California Lutheran trend toward assessments of performance that go University, Thousand beyond the bubble of such devices as multiple Oaks. choice exams. Portfolio assessment is generally
Solid-Phase Synthesis of Polymers Using the Ring-Opening Metathesis Polymerization (2005)

We report a general method for the solid-phase synthesis of polymers via the ring-opening metathesis polymerization (ROMP). The method involves polymerization in solution to form a block copolymer, immobilization of the polymer via reaction of one block with a resin-bound functional group, modification of the other block, and liberation of the polymer from the resin. We demonstrated the utility of this approach by generating a block copolymer with an N-hydroxysuccinimidyl ester-substituted block (for on-resin functionalization) and a maleimide-substituted block (for conjugation to the resin). We showed that the Diels-Alder reaction can be employed to immobilize the polymers and that amines of diverse structure can be used to modify the resin-bound polymers. The reversibility of the furan-maleimide Diels-Alder adduct was exploited to liberate the polymer from the support. Specifically, treatment of the resin with cyclopentadiene resulted in complete polymer release. The resulting polymers are functional: they were as potent in assays with the lectin concanavalin A as polymers generated by traditional solution routes. We anticipate that this method can be used for the rapid synthesis of diverse polymers via ROMP.
An ultrasensitive ELISA method for the detection of procalcitonin based on magnetic beads and enzyme-antibody labeled gold nanoparticles (2016)

Sepsis is a potentially fatal systemic body infection with a significant mortality rate worldwide. Procalcitonin (PCT) is a specific marker for severe sepsis caused by bacterial infection. Herein, an ultrasensitive ELISA method based on magnetic beads and enzyme-antibody labeled gold nanoparticles was reported for the detection of PCT.
Distinct Relapse Rates and Risk Predictors After Discontinuing Tenofovir and Entecavir Therapy (2017)

Discontinuation of tenofovir disoproxil fumarate treatment rather than entecavir treatment is associated with earlier relapse, and NUC-specific posttherapy monitoring is necessary.
Genetic and genomic resources to study natural variation in <i>Brassica rapa</i> (2020)

The globally important crop <i>Brassica rapa,</i> a close relative of Arabidopsis, is an excellent system for modeling our current knowledge of plant growth on a morphologically diverse crop. The long history of <i>B. rapa</i> domestication across Asia and Europe provides a unique collection of locally adapted varieties that span large climatic regions with various abiotic and biotic stress-tolerance traits. This diverse gene pool provides a rich source of targets with the potential for manipulation toward the enhancement of productivity of crops both within and outside the Brassicaceae. To expand the genetic resources available to study natural variation in <i>B. rapa,</i> we constructed an Advanced Intercross Recombinant Inbred Line (AI-RIL) population using <i>B. rapa</i> subsp. <i>trilocularis</i> (Yellow Sarson) R500 and the <i>B. rapa</i> subsp. <i>parachinensis</i> (Cai Xin) variety L58. Our current understanding of genomic structure variation across crops suggests that a single reference genome is insufficient for capturing the genetic diversity within a species. To complement this AI-RIL population and current and future <i>B. rapa</i> genomic resources, we generated a de novo genome assembly of the <i>B. rapa</i> subsp. <i>trilocularis</i> (Yellow Sarson) variety R500, the maternal parent of the AI-RIL population. The genetic map for the R500 x L58 population generated using this de novo genome was used to map Quantitative Trait Loci (QTL) for seed coat color and revealed the improved mapping resolution afforded by this new assembly.
An error concealment scheme for MPEG-2 coded video sequences (2002)

The problem of errors occurring in MPEG-2 coded video sequences, caused by signal loss during transmission, is examined in this paper and an attempt is made to reconstruct the lost parts at each frame. The proposed error concealment scheme exploits reconstructed temporal information from previously decoded frames in order to conceal bitstream errors in all types of frames: I, P, or B, as long as temporal information is available. Since no such information is available for the first frame (I-frame) of an MPEG-2 coded sequence, another concealment technique is added to the proposed scheme, which uses spatial information from neighbouring macroblocks (MBs). The simulation results compared with other methods prove to be better judging from both PSNR values and the perceived visual quality of the reconstructed sequence. Its quality ameliorates with time.
Population structure and genetic diversity in a commercial maize breeding program assessed with SSR and SNP markers (2010)

Information about the genetic diversity and population structure in elite breeding material is of fundamental importance for the improvement of crops. The objectives of our study were to (a) examine the population structure and the genetic diversity in elite maize germplasm based on simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers, (b) compare these results with those obtained from single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) markers, and (c) compare the coancestry coefficient calculated from pedigree records with genetic distance estimates calculated from SSR and SNP markers. Our study was based on 1,537 elite maize inbred lines genotyped with 359 SSR and 8,244 SNP markers. The average number of alleles per locus, of group specific alleles, and the gene diversity (D) were higher for SSRs than for SNPs. Modified Roger's distance (MRD) estimates and membership probabilities of the STRUCTURE matrices were higher for SSR than for SNP markers but the germplasm organization in four heterotic pools was consistent with STRUCTURE results based on SSRs and SNPs. MRD estimates calculated for the two marker systems were highly correlated (0.87). Our results suggested that the same conclusions regarding the structure and the diversity of heterotic pools could be drawn from both markers types. Furthermore, although our results suggested that the ratio of the number of SSRs and SNPs required to obtain MRD or D estimates with similar precision is not constant across the various precision levels, we propose that between 7 and 11 times more SNPs than SSRs should be used for analyzing population structure and genetic diversity.
Tbx5 and the Retinotectum Projection (2000)

Dorsal and ventral aspects of the eye are distinct from the early stages of development. The developing eye cup grows dorsally, and the choroidal fissure is formed on its ventral side. Retinal axons from the dorsal and ventral retina project to the ventral and dorsal tectum, respectively. Misexpression of the Tbx5 gene induced dorsalization of the ventral side of the eye and altered projections of retinal ganglion cell axons. Thus, Tbx5 is involved in eye morphogenesis and is a topographic determinant of the visual projections between retina and tectum.
Recent progress in poultry reproduction (1989)

The identification and maximization of the use of superior sires has been prompted by great improvements in the growth rate and meat yield of meat-type poultry. This paper highlights a few areas of recent research on spermatozoal production and function and on management procedures concerned with selecting and maximizing the use of elite sires. Methods of semen evaluation, improved methods of storing and spreading semen, factors affecting the inherent quality of spermatozoa, retention of membrane integrity of spermatozoa in vitro and their survival in the oviduct are reviewed.
cDNA cloning and characterisation of an α‐glucosidase gene from potato (<i>Solanum tuberosum</i> L.) (1998)

Using an Arabidopsis thaliana expressed sequence tag with sequence similarity to human lysosomal alpha-glucosidase as a probe, a potato cDNA was isolated. The cDNA encodes a polypeptide with an Mr value of 105,400 and the most significant matches of the deduced amino acid sequence are with members of family 31 of glucosyl transferase. The potato cDNA was expressed in a strain of Saccharomyces cerevisiae that is deficient in maltase activity and unable to grow using maltose as a carbon source (ABYSMAL81). Expression of the potato cDNA in the mutant yeast strain restores its ability to use maltose as a carbon source for growth. Additionally, alpha-glucosidase activity could be measured in extracts of the yeast cells following complementation. A range of maltodextrins were substrates for this activity. The steady-state expression level of the potato alpha-glucosidase gene was low in most tissues examined, the highest levels occurring in sprouting tubers and source leaves.