gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Integrated photonic MEMS chemical sensors (2009)

We report micro-electro-mechanical systems (MEMS) chemical sensors with improved on-chip optical interrogation method. A silicon-on-insulator (SOI) MEMS resonator is coupled to a waveguide Fabry-Perot microcavity enabling high resolution displacement and mechanical resonance measurement. By coating the MEMS resonator with a chemo-selective polymer, exposure to chemical analytes results in beam bending (static mode) as well as mass loading and a mechanical resonant frequency shift (dynamic mode). Proof-of-concept relative humidity sensing is demonstrated. Integrated waveguide power splitters/combiners are investigated for interconnecting many sensors on a chip.
Inverse design of fluid flow structure with Turing pattern (2019)

Microchannel reactors are critical in biological plus energy-related applications and require meticulous design of hundreds-to-thousands of fluid flow channels. Such systems commonly comprise intricate space-filling microstructures to control the fluid flow distribution for the reaction process. Traditional flow channel design schemes are intuition-based or utilize analytical rule-based optimization strategies that are oversimplified for large-scale domains of arbitrary geometry. Here, a gradient-based optimization method is proposed, where effective porous media and fluid velocity vector design information is exploited and linked to explicit microchannel parameterizations. Reaction-diffusion equations are then utilized to generate space-filling Turing pattern microchannel flow structures from the porous media field. With this computationally efficient and broadly applicable technique, precise control of fluid flow distribution is demonstrated across large numbers (on the order of hundreds) of microchannels.
Narrowband signal detection in correlated Rayleigh fading with a moving antenna (2009)

The performances of a single moving antenna receiver in detecting a narrowband signal in a correlated Rayleigh fading is considered. The single moving antenna captures spatial samples during antenna displacement that provides a realization of a synthetic antenna array. It is shown that there is a net processing gain in applying synthetic antenna array over keeping antenna stationary. This processing gain is subject to have uncorrelated signals at different antenna position. This paper examines the performance of synthetic array in correlated Rayleigh fading environment. An optimum detector based on estimator-correlator (EC) is developed and its performance is compared with that of non-coherent suboptimal equal-gain (EG) combiner in different channel correlation scenarios. An extensive set of measurements based on CDMA-2000 pilot signals using stationary and moving antennas are used to experimentally verify these theoretical findings.
Coherent Subnanometric Plate Precipitates Formed during Crystallization of As-Sputtered Ti-Ni films (1997)

It is shown by high resolution electron microscopy that coherent plate precipitates with 0.5-1 nrn thickness are formed in Ti-rich Ti-Ni thin films when heat treated directly eom the sputter-deposited amorphous state near the crystallization temperature. The precipitates are Ti-rich and formed on (100) planes of the B2 matrix phase with perfect coherency. The crystal structure of the precipitate is a body centered tetragonal with the oaxis normal to the habit plane. Owing to the existence of these coherent subnanometric precipitates, the parent phase is greatly strengthened, resulting in very excellent shape memory properties such as 6 % recoverable shape memory strain at the stress level of 300 MPa without any appreciable plastic deformation.
Automated Ranking of Database Query Results (2003)

Ranking and returning the most relevant results of a query is a popular paradigm in Information Retrieval. We discuss challenges and investigate several approaches to enable ranking in databases, including adaptations of known techniques from information retrieval. We present results of preliminary experiments.
A Discriminative Syntactic Word Order Model for Machine Translation (2007)

We present a global discriminative statistical word order model for machine translation. Our model combines syntactic movement and surface movement information, and is discriminatively trained to choose among possible word orders. We show that combining discriminative training with features to detect these two different kinds of movement phenomena leads to substantial improvements in word ordering performance over strong baselines. Integrating this word order model in a baseline MT system results in a 2.4 points improvement in BLEU for English to Japanese translation. 1
Goldilocks (2007)

Data races often result in unexpected and erroneous behavior. In addition to causing data corruption and leading programs to crash, the presence of data races complicates the semantics of an execution which might no longer be sequentially consistent. Motivated by these observations, we have designed and implemented a Java runtime system that monitors program executions and throws a DataRaceException when a data race is about to occur. Analogous to other runtime exceptions, the DataRaceException provides two key benefits. First, accesses causing race conditions are interruptedand handled before they cause errors that may be difficult to diagnose later. Second, if no DataRaceException is thrown in an execution, it is guaranteed to be sequentially consistent. This strong guarantee helps to rule out many concurrency-related possibilities as the cause of erroneous behavior. When a DataRaceException is caught, the operation, thread, or program causing it can be terminated gracefully. Alternatively, the DataRaceException can serve as a conflict-detection mechanism inoptimistic uses of concurrency.
Pixel reconfigurable antennas: Towards low-complexity full reconfiguration (2016)

The explosive growth of wireless communications has brought new requirements in terms of compactness, mobility and multi-functionality that make reconfigurable antennas excellent candidates for future wireless networks. Pixel antennas are particularly interesting due to their ability to dynamically reshape its active surface to change their properties. Despite their outstanding reconfigurability, pixel antennas require a level of complexity and cost that prevents their implementation in commercial systems. In this paper we cover the main concepts for the design and optimization of pixel antennas and propose novel pixel architectures. These new pixel structures allow us to reduce the antenna complexity, maximize their reconfigurability and eventually contribute to the development of pixel antennas from a conceptual structure to a practical reconfigurable architecture.
MAC aggregation resilient to DoS attacks (2011)

In today's and future building management systems, scores of cheap low-power sensors report measurements, such as temperature, electricity consumption and other parameters, to a control node. To save power and reduce deployment costs, it is often the case that data is sent wirelessly, and sensors serve as relay nodes that retransmit messages from other, more remote sensors. To prevent en route accidental and malicious data corruption, each message is authenticated with a MAC (Message Authentication Code), keyed with a key known to the generating sensor and the control node. Because transmission channel capacity is often small, MACs represent a significant overhead. Indeed, a typical 128-bit MAC is as much as an order of magnitude larger than the data it authenticates a temperature or consumption reading, even with a timestamp, can be stored in 10-15 bits. To mitigate these overheads, methods to compute aggregate MACs, of length much shorter than the concatenation of constituent MACs, were proposed in cryptographic community. However, these MACs are not resilient to denial-of-service (DOS) attacks, where a rogue node or a man-in-the-middle attacker can easily disrupt the entire set of MACs, and hence prevent using all of the transmitted data. In this work we propose a new way of MAC aggregation, which will allow the relay sensors to greatly reduce transmission overhead due to MACs, while achieving full unforgeability, and, simultaneously, much stronger resilience to DOS attacks.
Selection for contrasting seed tocopherol content in sunflower seeds (2010)

SUMMARY Sunflower oil, with more than 0·9 of tocopherols in the alpha-tocopherol form, supplies more vitamin E than any other vegetable oil. Thus far, no breeding to increase vitamin E levels in sunflower seeds has been conducted. The objective of the present research was to develop sunflower lines with high and low total seed tocopherol content through evaluation and subsequent selection of a large germplasm collection (952 sunflower entries). A range of variation from 119 to 491 mg/kg was found. Selection conducted from S 1 to S 4 plant generations allowed the isolation of line IAST-413, with an increased tocopherol content of 467 mg/kg compared to 251 mg/kg in the control line HA89, and line IAST-522, with a reduced tocopherol content of 73 mg/kg. Another accession with potentially high tocopherol content, but completely self-incompatible, was crossed to the line HA89 followed by plant-to-row selection up to the F 5 plant generation; it averaged 463 mg/kg compared to 240 mg/kg in HA89. Two field experiments carried out at Córdoba in southern Spain in 2006 and 2007 with different sowing dates confirmed that the increased tocopherol content in the selected lines was consistently expressed across environments.
Analysis of variance to assess statistical significance of Laplacian estimation accuracy improvement due to novel variable inter-ring distances concentric ring electrodes (2017)

Concentric ring electrodes have shown promise in non-invasive electrophysiological measurement demonstrating their superiority to conventional disc electrodes, in particular, in accuracy of Laplacian estimation. Recently, we have proposed novel variable inter-ring distances concentric ring electrodes. Analytic and finite element method modeling results for linearly increasing distances electrode configurations suggested they may decrease the truncation error resulting in more accurate Laplacian estimates compared to currently used constant inter-ring distances configurations. This study assesses statistical significance of Laplacian estimation accuracy improvement due to novel variable inter-ring distances concentric ring electrodes. Full factorial design of analysis of variance was used with one categorical and two numerical factors: the inter-ring distances, the electrode diameter, and the number of concentric rings in the electrode. The response variables were the Relative Error and the Maximum Error of Laplacian estimation computed using a finite element method model for each of the combinations of levels of three factors. Effects of the main factors and their interactions on Relative Error and Maximum Error were assessed and the obtained results suggest that all three factors have statistically significant effects in the model confirming the potential of using inter-ring distances as a means of improving accuracy of Laplacian estimation.
<i>In situ</i>bioremediation of trichloroethylene-contaminated water by a resting-cell methanotrophic microbial filter (1993)

Abstract An in situ microbial filter technology is being tested and developed for remediating migrating subsurface plumes contaminated with low concentrations of trichloroethylene (TCE). The current focus is the establishment of a replenishable bioactive zone (catalytic filter) along expanding plume boundaries by the injection of a representative methanotrophic bacterium, Methylosinus trichosporium OB3b. This microbial filter strategy has been successfully demonstrated using emplaced, attached resting cells (no methane additions) in a 1.1 m flow-through test bed loaded with water-saturated sand. Two separate 24 h pulses of TCE (109 ppb and 85 ppb), one week apart, were pumped through the system at a flow velocity of 15 mm h−1; no TCE (< 0.5 ppb) was detected on the downstream side of the microbial filter. Subsequent excavation of the wet sand confirmed the existence of a TCE-bioactive zone 21 days after it had been created. An enhanced longevity of the cellular, soluble-form methane monooxygenase produced by this methanotroph is a result of the laboratory bioreactor culturing conditions. Additional experiments with cells in sealed vials and emplaced in the 1.1 m test bed yielded a high resting-cell finite TCE biotransformation capacity of about 0.25 mg per mg of bacteria; this is suitable for a planned sand-filled trench field demonstration at a Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory site.
Cache-conscious coallocation of hot data streams (2006)

The memory system performance of many programs can be improved by coallocating contemporaneously accessed heap objects in the same cache block. We present a novel profile-based analysis for producing such a layout. The analysis achieves cacheconscious coallocation of a hot data stream H (i.e., a regular data access pattern that frequently repeats) by isolating and combining allocation sites of object instances that appear in H such that intervening allocations coming from other sites are separated. The coallocation solution produced by the analysis is enforced by an automatic tool, cminstr , that redirects a program's heap allocations to a run-time coallocation library comalloc . We also extend the analysis to coallocation at object field granularity. The resulting field coallocation solution generalizes common data restructuring techniques, such as field reordering, object splitting, and object merging, and allows their combination. Furthermore, it provides insight into object restructuring by breaking down the coallocation benefit on a per-technique basis, which provides the opportunity to pick the "sweet spot" for each program. Experimental results using a set of memory-performance-limited benchmarks, including a few SPECInt2000 programs, and Microsoft VisualFoxPro, indicate that programs possess significant coallocation opportunities. Automatic object coallocation improves execution time by 13% on average in the presence of hardware prefetching. Hand-implemented field coallocation solutions for two of the benchmarks produced additional improvements (12% and 22%) but the effort involved suggests implementing an automated version for type-safe languages, such as Java and C#.
In Vitro Colonization of Micropropagated Pieris floribunda by Ericoid Mycorrhizae. II. Effects on Acclimatization and Growth (2001)

Inoculation of microshoots of Pieris floribunda (Pursh ex Sims) Benth. and Hook. (mountain andromeda) with isolates of Hymenoscyphus ericae (Read) Korf and Kernan ericoid mycorrhizal fungi stimulated growth during 1 month in vitro. However, no benefits were apparent after 3 months in a greenhouse. Acclimatization of plantlets of P. floribunda to greenhouse conditions following in vitro inoculation improved survival (42% vs. 16% for controls). The protocol reported herein is similar to procedures utilized currently for micropropagation of various ericaceous species and has potential to improve plantlet survival during acclimatization.
Vaccine self-assembling immune matrix (VacSIM) is a non-viral delivery platform that augments responses to recombinant protein vaccines (VAC6P.940) (2014)

Abstract Vaccination remains the most effective public health tool to prevent infectious disease. However, many vaccines remain marginally effective, especially for immune-compromised populations. To enhance vaccine immunogenicity, we exploited the biphasic property of certain synthetic oligopeptides to create a new vaccine delivery method, VacSIM (vaccine self-assembling immune matrix). Vaccine components are easily mixed with the VacSIM solution for injection, after which the peptides self-assemble into hydrated nanofiber gel-matrices, forming a vaccine depot. Thus, we have a non-viral, inert, biodegradable delivery system, not requiring formulation, which we can use to deliver a multitude of vaccines. Analogous to a treat-dispensing dog toy, VacSIM is a carrier for vaccine components, allowing for gradual release, rather than immediate administration. We believe this depot attracts antigen presenting cells, driving enhanced vaccine-specific responses that improve both the quantity and quality of the response. We have tested this delivery platform with live bacterial vectors, inactivated virus and multiple recombinant protein vaccines. Shown here, VacSIM augments vaccine responses to the recombinant Hepatitis B surface antigen and recombinant HIV Envelope in 2 strains of mice. Enhancement of vaccine responses by VacSIM administration could represent a fundamental paradigm shift in how vaccines are delivered.
CD4-Immunoglobulin G2 Protects Hu-PBL-SCID Mice against Challenge by Primary Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 Isolates (1998)

CD4-immunoglobulin G2 (IgG2) is a fusion protein comprising human IgG2 in which the Fv portions of both heavy and light chains have been replaced by the V1 and V2 domains of human CD4. Previous studies found that CD4-IgG2 potently neutralizes a broad range of primary human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) isolates in vitro and ex vivo. The current report demonstrates that CD4-IgG2 protects against infection by primary isolates of HIV-1 in vivo, using the hu-PBL-SCID mouse model. Passive administration of 10 mg of CD4-IgG2 per kg of body weight protected all animals against subsequent challenge with 10 mouse infectious doses of the laboratory-adapted T-cell-tropic isolate HIV-1(LAI), while 50 mg of CD4-IgG2 per kg protected four of five mice against the primary isolates HIV-1(JR-CSF) and HIV-1(AD6). In contrast, a polyclonal HIV-1 Ig fraction exhibited partial protection against HIV-1(LAI) at 150 mg/kg but no significant protection against the primary HIV-1 isolates. The results demonstrate that CD4-IgG2 effectively neutralizes primary HIV-1 isolates in vivo and can prevent the initiation of infection by these viruses.
Paper No S5.2: Polymer Stabilized Blue Phase Liquid Crystal Dispersions (2015)

Abstract A polymer‐stabilized and polymer‐dispersed blue phase (PS‐PDBP) device operating at room temperature is demonstrated. The encapsulated blue phase liquid crystal droplets were formed in a polymer solution. With polymer stabilization, the blue phase temperature range of the blue phase dispersion was remarkably increased more than 53 ° C. In this presentation, we also describe the electro‐optical properties of the PS‐PDBP films made from different compositions.
Functional characterization of human α7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor genetic variants (1147.4) (2014)

The α7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) is a ligand‐gated ion channel that is abundantly expressed throughout the central nervous system (CNS) and has been linked to Alzheimer’s disease, Parkinson’s, and Schizophrenia. In addition, the α7 nAChR has been identified in non‐neuronal cells such as macrophages, where it plays an essential role in the control of inflammation through the cholinergic anti‐inflammatory pathway; and cancer cells, where its activation promotes tumor growth, angiogenesis, metastasis, and cancer stem cell proliferation. Consistent with its protagonistic role in various diseases, the α7 nAChR is extensively studied by the pharmaceutical industry. The CHRFAM7A gene, a partial duplication of the gene encoding the α7 nAChR (CHRNA7), encodes dupα7, which is a protein that was recently demonstrated to act as negative regulator of the α7 functionality. The objective of the research presented herein was to examine whether genetic variants of the CHRNA7 gene could result in α7 receptors with significant changes in functionality, expression, and proneness to dupα7 regulation. To achieve this objective, two‐electrode voltage clamp, cell‐attached patch clamp and confocal microscopy experiments were performed using Xenopus laevis oocytes as expression system. We found that genetic variants of the CHRNA7 gene can result in significant changes in functionality and expression of the α7 nAChR in addition to significantly affecting the capacity of dupα7 to negatively regulate α7. In conclusion, our results demonstrate that genetic variants of the CHRNA7 gene can modify the functionality, expression, and regulation of the α7 nAChR, and should thus be considered when designing drugs that target this important receptor. Grant Funding Source : Supported by NIMH grant # P30MH075673‐07 and NIMHD grant # 8U54MD007587‐03.
RD2-MolPack- <i>Chim3,</i> a Packaging Cell Line for Stable Production of Lentiviral Vectors for Anti-HIV Gene Therapy (2013)

Over the last two decades, several attempts to generate packaging cells for lentiviral vectors (LV) have been made. Despite different technologies, no packaging clone is currently employed in clinical trials. We developed a new strategy for LV stable production based on the HEK-293T progenitor cells; the sequential insertion of the viral genes by integrating vectors; the constitutive expression of the viral components; and the RD114-TR envelope pseudotyping. We generated the intermediate clone PK-7 expressing constitutively gag/pol and rev genes and, by adding tat and rd114-tr genes, the stable packaging cell line RD2-MolPack, which can produce LV carrying any transfer vector (TV). Finally, we obtained the RD2-MolPack-Chim3 producer clone by transducing RD2-MolPack cells with the TV expressing the anti-HIV transgene Chim3. Remarkably, RD114-TR pseudovirions have much higher potency when produced by stable compared with transient technology. Most importantly, comparable transduction efficiency in hematopoietic stem cells (HSC) is obtained with 2-logs less physical particles respect to VSV-G pseudovirions produced by transient transfection. Altogether, RD2-MolPack technology should be considered a valid option for large-scale production of LV to be used in gene therapy protocols employing HSC, resulting in the possibility of downsizing the manufacturing scale by about 10-fold in respect to transient technology.
Ethanol vapor deactivation of gossypol in cottonseed meal (1996)

Abstract Most cottonseed cultivars contain gossypol, a polyphenolic antinutritional compound. “Free” gossypol is a physiologically active form of gossypol, which is toxic to young‐ and nonruminant animals. To utilize solvent‐extracted cottonseed meal as a general feed, gossypol must be either removed or deactivated to a minimum level specified for each class of animal. Normally, deactivation is carried out prior to oil extraction; however, the desired level of deactivation is not always attained. A new supplemental method of deactivation has been found by using either ethanol or isopropanol vapors on solventextracted meal. In a bench‐top set‐up, ethanol vapor reduced free gossypol from 0.115 to 0.053%, and a further reduction to 0.026% has been observed with the addition of ferrous sulfate. The supplemental deactivation method can, in most cases, reduce free gossypol to significantly safer levels for feeding, thus increasing utility, and possibly demand, for cottonseed meal as a general animal feed protein source.