gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Clusters of intragenic Alu repeats predispose the human C1 inhibitor locus to deleterious rearrangements. (1990)

Frequent alterations in the structure of the complement component C1 inhibitor gene have been found in patients affected by the common variant of hereditary angioedema, characterized by low plasma levels of C1 inhibitor. This control protein limits the enzymic activity of the first component of complement and of other plasma serine proteases. Sequence comparisons of a 4.6-kilobase-long segment of the normal gene and the corresponding gene segments isolated from two patients carrying family-specific DNA deletions point to unusually long clusters of tandem repeats of the Alu sequence family as a source of genetic instability in this locus. Unequal crossovers, in a variety of registers, among Alu sequences of the clusters result in deletions of variable length that encompass exon 4. In a third family, exon 4 was instead found to be duplicated along with the same tracts of flanking introns lost in one of the deletions. In addition to undergoing Alu-mediated partial deletions and duplications, the gene is also a target for more recent retroposition events. Gross alterations in the C1 inhibitor gene account for about 20% of the hereditary angioedema chromosomes and consequently make this gene a prime example of the mutagenic liability of Alu repeats.
The alterations of macular vascular density and the area of foveal avascular zone in branch retinal vein occlusion eyes (2018)

Objective
To observe the alterations of macular vascular density and the area of foveal avascular zone (FAZ) in branch retinal vein occlusion (BRVO) eyes.


Methods
A retrospective case-control study. Forty-five patients with unilateral BRVO and macular edema were enrolled in this study. Optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA) was performed on the BRVO and fellow eyes. The scanning region in the macular area was 3 mm×3 mm. Macular vascular density and FAZ area in the superficial and deep retinal capillary plexi were measured in all eyes. The values of macular vascular density and FAZ area between BRVO eyes and fellow eyes, affected sector and unaffected sector were compared.


Results
The mean overall vascular density measured in the entire scan was lower in BRVO eyes compared with fellow eyes in both the superficial and deep capillary plexus (t=14.186, 9.468; P<0.05). The reduce degree of vascular density in the deep capillary plexus (7.65%) was higher than that in the superficial plexus (7.27%). In the superficial plexus, the vascular density was lower in the affected sector and the unaffected sector of the BRVO eyes compared with the corresponding sector in the fellow eyes (t=15.386, 9.435; P<0.05). The FAZ area enlarged in the BRVO eyes compared with the fellow eyes in the superficial capillary plexus and in the deep capillary plexus (t=3.216, 5.119; P<0.05). The degree of enlargement of FAZ area in the deep capillary plexus (0.19 mm2) was higher than that in the superficial plexus (0.11 mm2).


Conclusions
In eyes with BRVO, quantitative OCTA measurements confirm that vascular density decreased and FAZ area enlarged in the superficial and deep capillary plexi. The reduce degree of vascular density and enlargement degree of FAZ area in the deep capillary plexus are higher than those in the superficial plexus.


Key words: 
Retinal vein occlusion/diagnosis; Regional blood flow; Tomography, optical coherence
[Taxol (paclitaxel), first molecule of a new class of cytotoxic agents: taxanes]. (1994)

Taxol is the first of the taxanes, a new class of cytotoxic agents whose cellular target is the microtubules network. Taxol induces the polymerisation of the alpha and beta sub-units of the tubulin. This mechanism of action which is different from the vinca-alkaloids explains the main cytotoxic activity of paclitaxel through the formation of abnormal and stable bundles of microtubules. Severe hypersensitivity reactions which were seen in early phase I studies are prevented by an oral corticosteroids and H1 and H2 blockers premedication. Profound neutropenia is frequent but of short duration explaining that infectious manifestations are rare and neutropenia not cumulative. Thrombopenia and anemia are rare. Neurotoxicity is dose related but severe peripheral neuropathy is rare. Conduction abnormalities are mainly asymptomatic bradycardias. In second line ovarian cancer and breast metastatic cancer a noticeable level of activity has been observed, and in lung and head and neck cancer Taxol has proved to be effective.
Correction: Native Gating Behavior of Ion Channels in Neurons with Null-Deviation Modeling (2013)

Computational modeling has emerged as an indispensable approach to resolve and predict the intricate interplay among the many ion channels underlying neuronal excitability. However, simulation results using the classic formula-based Hodgkin-Huxley (H-H) model or the superior Markov kinetic model of ion channels often deviate significantly from native cellular signals despite using carefully measured parameters. Here we found that the filters of patch-clamp amplifier not only delayed the signals, but also introduced ringing, and that the residual series resistance in experiments altered the command voltages, which had never been fully eliminated by improving the amplifier itself. To remove all the above errors, a virtual device with the parameters exactly same to that of amplifier was introduced into Markov kinetic modeling so as to establish a null-deviation model. We demonstrate that our novel null-deviation approach fully restores the native gatingkinetics of ion-channels with the data recorded at any condition, and predicts spike waveform and firing patterns clearly distinctive from those without correction.
Digestive Symptoms in COVID-19 Patients With Mild Disease Severity: Clinical Presentation, Stool Viral RNA Testing, and Outcomes (2020)

We describe a unique subgroup of COVID-19 patients with mild disease severity marked by the presence of digestive symptoms. These patients are more likely to test positive for viral RNA in stool, to have a longer delay before viral clearance, and to experience delayed diagnosis compared with patients with only respiratory symptoms.
A Megaplasmid-Borne Anaerobic Ribonucleotide Reductase in Alcaligenes eutrophus H16 (1999)

The conjugative 450-kb megaplasmid pHG1 is essential for the anaerobic growth of Alcaligenes eutrophus H16 in the presence of nitrate as the terminal electron acceptor. We identified two megaplasmid-borne genes (nrdD and nrdG) which are indispensable under these conditions. Sequence alignment identified significant similarity of the 76.2-kDa gene product NrdD and the 30.9-kDa gene product NrdG with anaerobic class III ribonucleotide reductases and their corresponding activases. Deletion of nrdD and nrdG in A. eutrophus abolished anaerobic growth and led to the formation of nondividing filamentous cells, a typical feature of bacteria whose DNA synthesis is blocked. Enzyme activity of NrdD-like ribonucleotide reductases is dependent on a stable radical at a glycine residue in a conserved C-terminal motif. A mutant of A. eutrophus with a G650A exchange in NrdD showed the DNA-deficient phenotype as the deletion strain, suggesting that G650 forms the glycyl radical. Analysis of transcriptional and translational fusions indicate that nrdD and nrdG are cotranscribed and that the translation efficiency of nrdD is 40-fold higher than that of nrdG. Thus, the two proteins NrdD and NrdG are not synthesized at a stoichiometric level.
Implanted Biofuel Cell Operating in a Living Snail (2012)

Implantable biofuel cells have been suggested as sustainable micropower sources operating in living organisms, but such bioelectronic systems are still exotic and very challenging to design. Very few examples of abiotic and enzyme-based biofuel cells operating in animals in vivo have been reported. Implantation of biocatalytic electrodes and extraction of electrical power from small living creatures is even more difficult and has not been achieved to date. Here we report on the first implanted biofuel cell continuously operating in a snail and producing electrical power over a long period of time using physiologically produced glucose as a fuel. The "electrified" snail, being a biotechnological living "device", was able to regenerate glucose consumed by biocatalytic electrodes, upon appropriate feeding and relaxing, and then produce a new "portion" of electrical energy. The snail with the implanted biofuel cell will be able to operate in a natural environment, producing sustainable electrical micropower for activating various bioelectronic devices.
Towards Continuous and Passive Authentication via Touch Biometrics: An Experimental Study on Smartphones (2014)

Current smartphones generally cannot continuously authenticate users during runtime. This poses severe security and privacy threats: A malicious user can manipulate the phone if bypassing the screen lock. To solve this problem, our work adopts a continuous and passive authentication mechanism based on a user’s touch operations on the touchscreen. Such a mechanism is suitable for smartphones, as it requires no extra hardware or intrusive user interface. We study how to model multiple types of touch data and perform continuous authentication accordingly. As a first attempt, we also investigate the fundamentals of touch operations as biometrics by justifying their distinctiveness and permanence. A onemonth experiment is conducted involving over 30 users. Our experiment results verify that touch biometrics can serve as a promising method for continuous and passive authentication.
The Nitrogen Ion Laser (1974)

Abstract : The characterization and thermal scaling of the nitrogen ion laser pumped by charge transfer from He(3+) is reported in this work. Intense laser emission in the violet at 427 nm has been observed and found to have a linewidth less than 0.3 A. The pumping ions, He(2+) and He(3+), were produced by discharge of a fast-pulsed electron beam gun, APEX-1, into several atmospheres of a mixture of helium and nitrogen. Excitation current densities ranged from 1.1 to 2.5 KA/sq cm at 1 MV over a 1 x 10 cm transverse geometry. Under these conditions, the efficiency of the emission of 427 nm laser radiation was found to be proportional to the total pressure raised to the 1.2 power. Efficiencies of 1.6 relative to the energy lost by the electron beam in the radiating volume have been achieved in volumes of 16 cc at room temperature. Outputs of 35 mJ have been obtained from the 16 cc working volume at 30 atm pressure under these conditions. Thermal scaling of the laser has been investigated and a strong inverse dependence of laser output on gas temperature was observed.
Xcp‐mediated protein secretion in <i>Pseudomonas aeruginosa</i>: identification of two additional genes and evidence for regulation of <i>xcp</i> gene expression (1993)

In Pseudomonas aeruginosa, several exoproteins synthesized with a signal sequence (elastase, lipase, phospholipases, alkaline phosphatase and exotoxin A) are secreted by a two-step mechanism. They first cross the inner membrane in a signal sequence-dependent way, and are further translocated across the outer membrane in a second step requiring secretion functions encoded by several xcp genes. Ten xcp genes have already been characterized (Bally et al., 1992a). In this study, two additional xcp genes, xcpP and xcpQ, are described. They are located in the 40 min region of the chromosome where they probably define an operon, divergent from the xcpR-Z operon previously characterized in this region. These two genes encode two proteins, XcpP and XcpQ, similar to PulC and PulD of the pul system of Klebsiella oxytoca. Moreover, the two divergent operons share a common regulation which is growth-phase dependent.
Polypropylene Vaginal Mesh Grafts in Gynecology (2010)

Basic concepts are presented for the use of polypropylene mesh in gynecology for prolapse and stress-incontinence repair. The vagina is a clean-contaminated environment, and it is not possible to insert polypropylene mesh devices without bacterial contamination, despite standard antibiotic usage. Once inserted, the host tissue immediately attaches to the polypropylene and attempts to defend it from bacterial invasion, but if the bacteria have already reached the surface of the device, then dislodgement is difficult. The devices with larger surface areas result in greater bacterial contamination, more polypropylene degradation, increased inflammatory response, fibrous tissue stimulation, and erosion. Noninert polypropylene degrades into potentially toxic compounds that would be expected to stimulate a greater inflammatory reaction leading to erosion. If the physician does not place the mesh below full-thickness vaginal epithelium, penetrates the epithelium during insertion, or if there is hematoma formation near the vaginal incision, then defective healing and erosion may result. Scar tissue causes contraction to less than 50% of the implanted size, which results in dyspareunia and tension on the pelvic mesh attachments. Such contraction may cause pelvic pain and subsequent erosion into adjacent organs. An individual response in fibrosis also exists, with some individuals being "high responders." Manufacturers need encouragement to develop meshes that are inert and incorporate without contraction along with routine clinical tests to detect "high responders" to avoid complications. Polypropylene is not inert within the human body.
TurfCast: A Service for Controlling Information Dissemination in Wireless Networks (2012)

Recent years have witnessed mass proliferation of mobile devices with rich wireless communication capabilities as well as emerging mobile device-based information dissemination applications that leverage these capabilities. This paper proposes TurfCast, a novel information dissemination service that selectively broadcasts information in particular "turfs,â abstract logical spaces in which receivers are situated. Such turfs can be temporal or spatial based on receivers' lingering time or physical areas, respectively. TurfCast has many applications such as electronic proximity advertising and mobile social networking. To enable TurfCast, we propose two supporting technologies: TurfCode and TurfBurst. TurfCode is a nested 0-1 fountain code that enables the broadcaster to transmit either all information or none at all to receivers. TurfBurst exploits the Shannon bound to differentiate among receivers: those who cannot receive information fast enough receive none at all, even if they linger near the broadcaster. We implement TurfCast on real-world devices and conduct experiments in both indoor and outdoor environments. Our experimental results illustrate TurfCast's potential for controlling information dissemination in wireless networks.
Efficacy and safety of inhalation therapy in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and asthma. (1997)

The inhaled route has a number of well-recognized advantages over other routes for administration of drugs to the lungs. As the drug is delivered directly to its required site of action, only a small quantity is required for an adequate therapeutic response. Consequently, there is a low incidence of systemic side-effects compared with oral or intravenous administration. In addition, the onset of action of inhaled drugs is generally faster than that achieved by oral administration. Factors that can affect the quantity of inhaled particles reaching the lungs and their topographical distribution are manner of inhalation, aerosol characteristics and subject characteristics. The main types of inhaler device are metered-dose inhalers (MDIs), dry powder inhalers (DPIs) and nebulizers (jet and ultrasonic). There are advantages and disadvantages associated with all types of currently available inhaler device and there is still a clear need to develop more efficient devices that are easy to use. Respimat (Boehringer Ingelheim) is a novel soft mist inhaler that operates via a mechanism utilizing mechanical power rather than gas propellants, and represents an exciting development in this field.
Polymer/Carbon Nanotube Nano Composite Fibers–A Review (2014)

Carbon nanotubes (CNTs) are regarded as ideal filler materials for polymeric fiber reinforcement due to their exceptional mechanical properties and 1D cylindrical geometry (nanometer-size diameter and very high aspect ratio). The reported processing conditions and property improvements of CNT reinforced polymeric fiber are summarized in this review. Because of CNT polymer interaction, polymer chains in CNTs' vicinity (interphase) have been observed to have more compact packing, higher orientation, and better mechanical properties than bulk polymer. Evidences of the existence of interphase polymers in composite fibers, characterizations of their structures, and fiber properties are summarized and discussed. Implications of interphase phenomena on a broader field of fiber and polymer processing to make much stronger materials are now in the early stages of exploration. Beside improvements in tensile properties, the presence of CNTs in polymeric fibers strongly affects other properties, such as thermal stability, thermal transition temperature, fiber thermal shrinkage, chemical resistance, electrical conductivity, and thermal conductivity. This paper will be helpful to better understand the current status of polymer/CNT fibers, especially high-performance fibers, and to find the most suitable processing techniques and conditions.
Site diversity performance in multipath fading environment (2002)

By adding site diversity techniques to space diversity systems, the BER (bit error rate) floor at cell edges in cellular system, which mainly depends on the effect of time delay spread, can be significantly improved. Site diversity techniques can reduce the cost of installing a system by expanding the distance between CSs (cell stations) without increasing the transmission power. This paper presents improvement of BER with site diversity in the presence of Rayleigh fading, log-normal shadowing, path loss, and time delay spread. Time delay spread, which varies with distance, is treated as noise.
Static Aeroelastic Control Using Strain Actuated Adaptive Structures (1991)

In this study, the feasibility of using representative box wing adaptive structures for static aeroelastic control is examined. A deformable typical section is uti lized to derive the optimal and suboptimal relations for induced strain actuated adaptive wings, and the relations developed are used to design representative adaptive lifting sur faces which are assessed in trade studies. The optimal relations developed showed that op timal adaptive airfoil designs are possible for some realistic configurations, and effective sub-optimal designs can be achieved for others. In addition, the important parameters associated with inducing curvature and twist, thereby altering the lifting forces on the air foil, are determined. The most important of which were found to be the airfoil thickness ratio, the actuation strain produced by the induced strain actuators, and the relative stiff ness ratio of the actuator to the wing skin for both camber and twist control. The stiffness coupling parameter and the wing aspect ratio were also found to be important for twist control. The potential benefits of using adaptive airfoils for aeroelastic control, rather than conventional articulated control surfaces, is demonstrated in trade studies. It was found that greater control authority along with a lower weight penalty is achievable using adap tive aeroelastic structures for a variety of wing designs. Thus, strain actuated adaptive wings may be used rather than conventional lifting surfaces to increase performance while reducing weight, decreasing loads in critical areas, improving the radar cross section, and maximizing the lift-to-drag ratio for many flight conditions.
Purification, crystallization and preliminary X-ray diffraction analysis of the C-terminal fragment of the MvfR protein from<i>Pseudomonas aeruginosa</i> (2012)

The LysR-type transcriptional regulator MvfR plays a critical role in Pseudomonas aeruginosa pathogenicity via the transcriptional regulation of multiple quorum-sensing-regulated virulence factors. The protein also controls pathogenic type VI secretion loci. MvfRC87, a 242-residue C-terminal segment of MvfR, was produced in Escherichia coli, purified and crystallized. X-ray diffraction data were collected using synchrotron radiation and crystallographic parameters were determined.
A class of window functions with nearly minimum sidelobe energy for designing FIR filters (2003)

A class of window functions is introduced for designing FIR filters. These window functions are obtained from the rectangular window by using a simple frequency transformation. The frequency transformation contains an adjustable parameter with which the mainlobe width and, correspondingly, the minimum stopband attenuation of the resulting filter can be controlled. The transition bandwidth of the filter can then be controlled by the filter order. Like the well-known Kaiser window, the proposed windows are close approximations to the discrete prolate functions which minimize the sidelobe energy. The FIR filters obtained by using the new window are slightly better than those obtained by using the Kaiser window. The main advantages of the proposed window compared to the Kaiser window are that the new window possesses analytic expressions in both the time and frequency domains and no power series expansions are required in evaluating the window function. Furthermore, it provides a better approximation to the discrete prolate functions.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Accurate calibration method for a structured light system (2008)

System calibration is crucial for any 3-D shape measurement system. An accurate method is proposed to calibrate a 3-D shape measurement system based on a structured light technique. The projector is treated as a camera to unify the calibration procedures of a structured light system and a well-established stereo vision system. The key to realizing this method is to establish a highly accurate correspondence between camera pixels and projector pixels and generate digital micromirror device (DMD) image sets for projector calibration. A phase-shifting method is used to accomplish this task. A precalibrated lookup table and a linear interpolation algorithm are proposed to improve the accuracy of the generated DMD image, and accordingly improve the accuracy of the projector calibration and the 3-D measurement. Some experimental results are presented to demonstrate the performance of the system calibration.
Cytoplasmic transduction peptide mediated protein transduction technology and its application in medical field (2013)

Cytoplasmic transduction peptide (CTP) is a new type of transduction peptide to deliver a large variety of bioactive macromolecules into cytoplasm,including proteins,peptides and nucleic acids.The majority of the CTP and CTP fusion protein remain in the cytoplasm after transduction rather than in the nuclear.In addition,CTP displays its unique organ-tropisms and tissue infiltration properties,and exhibits an efficient ability of intercellular transport.These significant features of CTP have received extensive attention in the medical field,including infectious diseases,cancer and leukemia.The molecular structure and transduction characteristics of CTH and its applications in medical practice are summarized in this article.

Key words: 
Adaptor proteins,signal transducing; Cytoplasmic transduction peptide; Application