gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Fatty acids suppress voltage-gated Na <sup>+</sup> currents in HEK293t cells transfected with the α-subunit of the human cardiac Na <sup>+</sup> channel (1998)

Studies have shown that fish oils, containing n-3 fatty acids, have protective effects against ischemia-induced, fatal cardiac arrhythmias in animals and perhaps in humans. In this study we used the whole-cell voltage-clamp technique to assess the effects of dietary, free long-chain fatty acids on the Na+ current (INa,alpha) in human embryonic kidney (HEK293t) cells transfected with the alpha-subunit of the human cardiac Na+ channel (hH1alpha). Extracellular application of 0.01 to 30 microM eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA, C20:5n-3) significantly reduced INa,alpha with an IC50 of 0.51 +/- 0.06 microM. The EPA-induced suppression of INa,alpha was concentration- and voltage-dependent. EPA at 5 microM significantly shifted the steady-state inactivation relationship by -27.8 +/- 1.2 mV (n = 6, P < 0.0001) at the V1/2 point. In addition, EPA blocked INa,alpha with a higher "binding affinity" to hH1alpha channels in the inactivated state than in the resting state. The transition from the resting state to the inactivated state was markedly accelerated in the presence of 5 microM EPA. The time for 50% recovery from the inactivation state was significantly slower in the presence of 5 microM EPA, from 2.1 +/- 0.8 ms for control to 34.8 +/- 2.1 ms (n = 5, P < 0.001). The effects of EPA on INa,alpha were reversible. Furthermore, docosahexaenoic acid (C22:6n-3), alpha-linolenic acid (C18:3n-3), conjugated linoleic acid (C18:2n-7), and oleic acid (C18:1n-9) at 5 microM and all-trans-retinoic acid at 10 microM had similar effects on INa,alpha as EPA. Even 5 microM of stearic acid (C18:0) or palmitic acid (C16:0) also significantly inhibited INa, alpha. In contrast, 5 microM EPA ethyl ester did not alter INa,alpha (8 +/- 4%, n = 8, P > 0.05). The present data demonstrate that free fatty acids suppress INa,alpha with high "binding affinity" to hH1alpha channels in the inactivated state and prolong the duration of recovery from inactivation.
Multi-ASON and GMPLS network domain interworking challenges (2008)

This article describes the intercarrier external network-to-network interface development challenges at the Kei-han-na Info-Communications Open Laboratory. The E-NNI prototype that was developed provides interworking functionality between the automatically switched optical network control plane function of the ITU-T and the generalized multiprotocol label-switching control plane function of the IETF. In this article, an analysis of the differences between ASON network technologies and GMPLS network technologies, a detailed signaling protocol and routing protocol interworking mechanism, and the interworking experimental results of nationwide ASON and GMPLS network domains are described.
Thin wafer processing - yield enhancement through integrated metrology (2011)

Thin wafer handling and processing is performed by temporary bonding to a rigid carrier wafer. The rigid carrier wafer gives mechanical support during wafer thinning and backside processing. Finally the thin wafer is debonded from the carrier wafer and attached to a dicing tape on film frame. While this technology has been demonstrated for a couple of years now in pilot line and small volume, it is an entirely different story to transfer such a technology to high volume manufacturing (HVM). Yield is the most important consideration for the transfer to HVM. At this point of the manufacturing flow the device wafers have seen complete front end processing and have a significant inherent value. Furthermore, wafer breakage does not only destroy the wafer, but it might be necessary to take the production tool down for chamber cleaning. However, wafer breakage itself is not the only concern. Defects at the wafer edge can nucleate micro cracks in the die, which can result in device failure at a later point of time. In this paper the potential defects during thin wafer processing are reviewed. A new integrated metrology module is presented, which allows 100% in-line inspection with full wafer scanning.
Directional power based admission control for WCDMA systems using antenna arrays (2002)

An uplink admission control algorithm for WCDMA base stations equipped with antenna arrays is presented. Conventional beamforming is used as a combining method. In order to capture the azimuth-dependent interference scenario, and take advantage of the spatial filtering properties of antenna arrays, an azimuth measure of load is defined. For each azimuth direction, the load is defined as the amount of received power.
DCC-digital compact cassette (1991)

The design philosophy of the DCC is described. The DCC system is a digital extension of the well-known compact cassette system. The main differences are: highly efficient source coding of the audio signal, called precision adaptive subband coding (PASC), resulting in excellent sound quality; digital multitrack recording, including error correction techniques; thin film techniques for head production; autoreverse feature in all players; and new features (e.g., text display). The system performance, the cassette, the tape format, and the PASC are discussed.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Assembly of Highly Organized Carbon Nanotube Architectures by Chemical Vapor Deposition (2003)

Controllable assembly of ordered nanoscale structural units in geometrically well-defined configurations is essential for building integrated nanoscale systems. Here, we describe a powerful method to simultaneously grow aligned carbon nanotube bundles in multiple, predetermined orientations on planar substrates to build one- to three-dimensional architectures. We effect multidirectional nanotube growth by gas-phase delivery of a xylene−ferrocene mixture on to lithographically machined silica surface templates. The preference of nanotubes to grow normal to, and selectively on, silica surfaces forces the nanotubes to inherit the topography of the substrate templates, enabling premeditated selection of both nucleation sites and growth direction. By using silica templates of different shapes, we can build a wide variety of organized nanotube structures of differing complexity and shapes, density, dimensions, and orientation, for example, mutually orthogonal arrays of pillars and platelets, films with hierarchical pores, and free-standing membranes. This fabrication route is scalable to large areas and compatible with silicon microfabrication technology and opens up attractive possibilities for constructing nanotube architectures for applications such as electronic switching, electromechanical actuation, and fluidic separation.
Implementation of CMP-based design rules and patterning practices (2002)

This paper discusses specific die patterning techniques utilized during the implementation of a CMP-based BEOL within Digital's Alpha technologies. Customary application of inter-level dielectric (ILD) CMP, to eliminate topographically induced defect mechanisms and increase photolithographic focal budget margins for Alpha, indicated the need to strictly control both interand intra-die dielectric capacitance and thickness. To this end, several die patterning strategies were used to minimize the feature size and pattern density dependencies of ILD CMP as well as aid in the fast paced evolution from test vehicle to product chip reticles. Quantification of inter-level and intra-die thickness control with respect to ghost/partial die patterning, zero level (ZL) and perimeter bordering, dummy/filler feature patterning and general CMP-based design rules will be addressed within the context of analysis of variance (ANOVA). Further discussed will be the empirical rules-of-thumb and critical dimension (CD) variance definitions which provided the planarity targets utilized throughout the framework of these experiments.
A Key-Recovery System for Long-term Encrypted Documents (2006)

Confidentiality is often one of the primary requirements for electronic documents. Often, encryption is used for achieving these confidential documents. From the perspective of an electronic document system, key management for long-term encrypted documents could become problematic, especially for big organizations. There are a number of non-trivial issues to be handled by such a system. In particular, some of the encrypted confidential documents need to be stored for a long period of time. It is possible that the keys for accessing these documents may get loss or corrupted. On the other hand, storing duplicates of these keys may not be secure. To handle this problem, we propose an electronic document system, which makes use of cryptographic hardware tokens. In this paper, we will describe the key recovery mechanism for this system. We use the secret sharing scheme, and integrate it into our system. It securely protects longterm encrypted documents without sacrificing users' convenience or system's scalability. Prototype has been implemented, and preliminary results have been encouraging.
Mode diversity coherent receiver with few-mode fiber-coupling for high-speed free-space optical communication under atmospheric turbulence (2018)

We report investigations on the mode diversity receiver applied in optical links from low-earth-orbital satellites to a ground terminal. We numerically simulated temporal power variations coupled to each mode of a FMF under atmospheric turbulence at several elevation angles. For weak influence of turbulence, the optical beam mainly coupled to the fundamental mode of the FMF; for strong influence of turbulence, it coupled significantly to higher order modes of the FMF and mode diversity reception was more effective. Emulating the fast-changing coupled power to each mode of the FMF with variable optical attenuators and arbitrary waveform generators, we experimentally evaluated the performance of three-mode diversity reception of 10 Gb/s QPSK. Digital signal processing was performed on 20-ms-long successively acquired data bursts, which were long enough to contain typical features of fading. We confirmed that digital combining could track the severe power variations regardless of elevation angles. We extended our investigation to the possibility of more severe conditions and we showed through simulation further improvement using multiple mode diversity receivers combined with aperture diversity.
Modeling of multi-photon-induced photoluminescence from organic fluorophores and metal-coated semiconductor nanoparticles (2006)

In this talk I will describe some applications of multiphysics modeling of molecular and nano-particle materials that have been carried out at our department. Among the various multiphysics approaches, those that combine quantum mechanics with wave mechanics and quantum mechanics with statistical mechanics have turned out to be particularly powerful for predicting optical properties of organic fluorophores, respectively, nanoparticles. The first type of combined approach allows to estimate the optical transmission from cross sections of multi-photon absorption processes and from considerations of propagation and saturation effects. The other type of combined approach, quantum mechanics with statistical mechanics, allows to account for the spontaneous photon emission of two-photon excited quantum dots including the nonradiative energy dissipation process of phonon scattering. Multi-photon quantum dots offer the combined advantage of brilliance and photo- resistance of normal quantum dots with the 3-dimensional confocality and penetration of multi-photon excitation, something that can have a broad ramification on fluorescence based experiments in biology. We have in particular investigated multiphoton-induced photoluminescence from metal-coated coated quantum dots under the influence of electromagnetic field enhancement associated with surface plasmon resonances. It is argued that up-conversion luminescence of coated quantum dots is a promising approach for bio-imaging as it can generate the multiphoton excitation at reduced laser intensities.
Dioxygen Activation at Non-Heme Iron: Insights from Rapid Kinetic Studies (2007)

One of the common biochemical pathways of binding and activation of dioxygen involves non-heme iron centers. The enzyme cycles usually start with an iron(II) or diiron(II) state and traverse via several intermediates (detected or postulated) such as (di)iron(III)-superoxo, (di)iron(III)-(hydro)peroxo, iron(III)iron(IV)-oxo, and (di)iron(IV)-oxo species, some of which are responsible for substrate oxidation. In this Account, we present results of kinetic and mechanistic studies of dioxygen binding and activation reactions of model inorganic iron compounds. The number of iron centers, their coordination number, and the steric and electronic properties of the ligands were varied in several series of well-characterized complexes that provided reactive manifolds modeling the function of native non-heme iron enzymes. Time-resolved cryogenic stopped-flow spectrophotometry permitted the identification of kinetically competent intermediates in these systems. Inner-sphere mechanisms dominated the chemistry of dioxygen binding, intermediate transformations, and substrate oxidation as most of these processes were controlled by the rates of ligand substitution at the iron centers.
Wavelet transforms and surrogate data for electroencephalographic spike and seizure localization (1994)

Wavelet transforms are used to analyze electroencephalographic data recorded from individual subdural electrodes and 2-D electrode grids in direct contact with the brain. Surrogate data techniques are used to filter noise and resolve structure in the data. Spike and seizure detection from individual electrodes with wavelet transforms are compared with windowed Fourier transforms. Wavelet transforms are a powerful means to identify epileptiform activity such as spikes from such data and also ofter a method to localize the foci of epileptic seizures from electrode grids.
Synthesis and Third‐Order Nonlinear Optical Properties of a Conjugated Porphyrin Polymer (1994)

The π–π* absorption edge (Q band) of the soluble porphyrin polymer 1 lies in the IR region and is unusually intense. Electroabsorption (Stark) spectra demonstrate that polymer 1 has an exceptionally large third-order nonlinear susceptibility.
Vascular endothelial growth factor affects dendritic cell activity in hypertensive disorders of pregnancy (2015)

Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) activity is involved in the growth and stability of the placenta, and its signaling has been implicated in the development of pregnancy‑induced hypertension (PIH). The present study sought to evaluate VEGF levels and dendritic cell (DC) profiles in patients with PIH, and to investigate the effects of VEGF expression on DC phenotypes. The present study assessed 162 patients, 112 of whom were diagnosed with PIH. Serum VEGF was measured by ELISA, while myeloid DC (mDC; (Lin1‑HLA‑DR+CD11c+) and plasmacytoid DC (pDC; Lin1‑HLA‑DR+CD123+) counts were determined using flow cytometry. In order to determine the effect of VEGF treatment on DC phenotypes, immature DCs (iDCs) were separated from monocytes by culturing in the presence of cytokines (GM‑CSF, IL‑4), and then pretreated with VEGF or lipopolysaccharide (LPS). The phenotype of dendritic cells (CD14, CD80, CD83, or CD86) was determined by flow cytometry. The levels of VEGF in the serum of patients with PIH were significantly lower than those in control subjects (P<0.05). The percentage of pDCs found in the serum of patients with preeclampsia was significantly lower than that in the other groups. The percentage of mDCs in the serum of patients with preeclampsia and eclampsia was significantly higher than that in the control and hypertensive disorder groups (P<0.05). The percentage of mDCs was significantly negatively correlated with the levels of VEGF in the preeclamptic and eclamptic patients (r=‑0.34 and r=‑0.42, respectively; P<0.05). Detected levels of CD80, CD83 and CD86 in DCs treated with VEGF were significant lower than those in DCs treated with LPS alone (P<0.05). In conclusion, abnormal expression of VEGF and an altered dendritic cell profile may be involved in the development of PIH.
A translational synthetic biology platform for rapid access to gram-scale quantities of novel drug-like molecules (2017)

Plants are an excellent source of drug leads. However availability is limited by access to source species, low abundance and recalcitrance to chemical synthesis. Although plant genomics is yielding a wealth of genes for natural product biosynthesis, the translation of this genetic information into small molecules for evaluation as drug leads represents a major bottleneck. For example, the yeast platform for artemisinic acid production is estimated to have taken >150 person years to develop. Here we demonstrate the power of plant transient transfection technology for rapid, scalable biosynthesis and isolation of triterpenes, one of the largest and most structurally diverse families of plant natural products. Using pathway engineering and improved agro-infiltration methodology we are able to generate gram-scale quantities of purified triterpene in just a few weeks. In contrast to heterologous expression in microbes, this system does not depend on re-engineering of the host. We next exploit agro-infection for quick and easy combinatorial biosynthesis without the need for generation of multi-gene constructs, so affording an easy entrée to suites of molecules, some new-to-nature, that are recalcitrant to chemical synthesis. We use this platform to purify a suite of bespoke triterpene analogs and demonstrate differences in anti-proliferative and anti-inflammatory activity in bioassays, providing proof of concept of this system for accessing and evaluating medicinally important bioactives. Together with new genome mining algorithms for plant pathway discovery and advances in plant synthetic biology, this advance provides new routes to synthesize and access previously inaccessible natural products and analogs and has the potential to reinvigorate drug discovery pipelines.
Collision-induced dissociation of protonated MK-0991: novel ring opening of a cyclic hexapeptide in the gas phase (1999)

Electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry was applied to probe the collision-induced dissociation (CID) of protonated MK-0991 {(4R,5S)-5-[(2-aminoethyl)amino]-N(2)-(10, 12-dimethyl-1-oxotetradecyl)-4-hydroxy-L-ornithyl-L-threonyl-trans -4- hydroxy-L-prolyl-(S)-4-hydroxy-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-L-threonyl-threo-3-h ydroxy-L-or-nithyl-trans-3-hydroxy-L-proline cyclic (6-1)-peptide} in the gas phase; MK-0991 is a newly developed, broad-spectrum pneumocandin antifungal drug. The study showed that protonated MK-0991 (m/z 1094) undergoes specific ring opening under the CID conditions to form two protonated linear peptides at m/z 1076 and 1034. This is different from the commonly observed ring opening of a cyclic peptide that occurs by the cleavage of the N-acyl bonds in many places on the peptide backbone. The structures of the two linear peptides were elucidated on the basis of their tandem mass spectra. The results strongly indicate that the specific ring opening of MK-0991 is affected by the ethylenediamine side-chain formed from the modification of one of the ornithine amino acids in this cyclic hexapeptide.
Regional estimation of the dielectric properties of inhomogeneous objects using near-field reflection data (2012)

We present a new inversion strategy that integrates radar-based methods with microwave tomography (MT) to efficiently provide low resolution information about an object's structure and average dielectric properties. For this preliminary investigation, we assume that the object may be characterized as having three regions: a thin outer layer and an interior with two inhomogeneous regions having dissimilar average dielectric properties. Our aim is not to reconstruct a detailed image of an object, but rather to provide information about its basic structure, including the geometric and mean dielectric properties of regions predominantly composed of a given material. The inversion technique is carried out in two steps. First, a reconstruction model indicating the locations and spatial features of the three regions of interest is constructed efficiently and quickly using ultrawideband (UWB) reflection data. The reconstruction model formed using radar-based techniques is then incorporated into the second step of the procedure which estimates the mean dielectric properties over each region using MT methods. Identifying the three homogeneous regions with radar-based techniques provides a priori information about an object's internal geometry and significantly simplifies the parameter space structure so that the inverse scattering problem solved with MT is not as ill-posed as those typically encountered. The performance of the proposed technique is first evaluated with both reflection and transmission data generated by progressively more complex 2D numerical models. Microwave breast imaging approaches would benefit from the internal structural information extracted by the algorithm, so a practical application is explored using 2D breast models formed from the magnetic resonance (MR) scans of a patient study. The algorithm's ability to infer the breast's basic internal structure is demonstrated with these examples.
Temperature dependence of stresses in GaN thin films grown on (0001) sapphire: Modeling of thermal stresses (2001)

Residual stresses and unstressed lattice parameters are characterized in heteroepitaxial GaN thin films grown on (0001) sapphire using three different deposition techniques. X-ray diffraction measurements in the temperature range of 25–600 °C indicate a reversible change of stresses in the films from compressive to tensile state and vice versa. The thermal behavior of stresses in the samples prepared by different methods is comparable. The experimental results are consistent with the model of thermal stresses originating from the mismatch of thermal expansion coefficients of GaN and sapphire.
Universal Linear Fit Identification: A Method Independent of Data, Outliers and Noise Distribution Model and Free of Missing or Removed Data Imputation (2015)

Data processing requires a robust linear fit identification method. In this paper, we introduce a non-parametric robust linear fit identification method for time series. The method uses an indicator 2/n to identify linear fit, where n is number of terms in a series. The ratio Rmax of amax - amin and Sn - amin*n and that of Rmin of amax - amin and amax*n - Sn are always equal to 2/n, where amax is the maximum element, amin is the minimum element and Sn is the sum of all elements. If any series expected to follow y = c consists of data that do not agree with y = c form, Rmax > 2/n and Rmin > 2/n imply that the maximum and minimum elements, respectively, do not agree with linear fit. We define threshold values for outliers and noise detection as 2/n * (1 + k1) and 2/n * (1 + k2), respectively, where k1 > k2 and 0 ≤ k1 ≤ n/2 - 1. Given this relation and transformation technique, which transforms data into the form y = c, we show that removing all data that do not agree with linear fit is possible. Furthermore, the method is independent of the number of data points, missing data, removed data points and nature of distribution (Gaussian or non-Gaussian) of outliers, noise and clean data. These are major advantages over the existing linear fit methods. Since having a perfect linear relation between two variables in the real world is impossible, we used artificial data sets with extreme conditions to verify the method. The method detects the correct linear fit when the percentage of data agreeing with linear fit is less than 50%, and the deviation of data that do not agree with linear fit is very small, of the order of ±10-4%. The method results in incorrect detections only when numerical accuracy is insufficient in the calculation process.