gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Microfluidic approaches for gene delivery and gene therapy (2011)

Recent advances in microfluidics have created new and exciting prospects for gene delivery and therapy. The micro-scaled environment within microfluidic systems enables precise control and optimization of multiple processes and techniques used in gene transfection and the production of gene and drug transporters. Traditional non-viral gene transfection methods, such as electroporation, microinjection and optical gene transfection, are improved from the use of innovative microfluidic systems. Additionally, microfluidic systems have also made the production of many viral and non-viral vectors controlled, automated, and reproducible. In summary, the development and application of microfluidic systems are producing increased efficiency in gene delivery and promise improved gene therapy results.
Gradient Operators for the Determination of Optical Flow (2007)

Gradient operators for the determination of optical flow in images are designed using classical linear regression methods. Two general approaches are presented: the first method assumes that the linear models in each spatial and temporal dimension are separable; the second (and less-commonly used) method does not rely on this assumption. The second method allows complex shapes and modes of motion to be captured. The methods are optimized by adjusting filter latency, model order and window size. Performance is compared using synthetic data. The second method is shown to outperform the first method.
Glycophorin A Helical Transmembrane Domains Dimerize in Phospholipid Bilayers: A Resonance Energy Transfer Study (1994)

Glycophorin A and its isolated transmembrane region (GpATM) are each known to form sequence-specific dimers in SDS micelles. Whether this behavior accurately reflects behavior in red cell membranes or lipid bilayers, however, has remained unclear. Resonance energy transfer between labeled GpATM peptides has been used to observe dimerization of GpATM in bilayers. Separate populations of GpATM peptides were labeled with 2,6-dansyl chloride as the donor chromophore and dabsyl chloride as the acceptor. Quenching of the 2,6-dansyl chloride by the dabsyl group demonstrated an association of the labeled peptides. The quenching was not affected by increases in the amount of lipid present or by unlabeled heterologous peptides but was decreased by the addition of unlabeled GpATM. GpATM was determined to form dimers by fitting the observed energy transfer for a number of donor to acceptor ratios and fitting to the expected number of donor labeled peptides in an oligomer with an acceptor as a function of oligomer number. The finding that the GpATM peptide forms helical dimers in lipid bilayers supports the idea that GpA is a dimer in the erythrocyte membrane. The resonance energy transfer approach may extend to the study of other oligomeric complexes.
Reduction of NOx Emissions of D. I. Diesel Engines by Application of the Miller-System: An Experimental and Numerical Investigation (1996)

<div class="htmlview paragraph">Emissions and performance parameters of a medium size, medium speed D.I. diesel engine with increased charge air pressure and reduced but fixed inlet valve opening period have been measured and compared to the standard engine. While power output and fuel consumption are slightly improved, nitric oxide emissions can be reduced by up to 20%. The measurements confirm the results of simulations for both performance and emissions, for which a quasidimensional model including detailed chemistry for nitric oxide prediction has been developed.</div>
Channel Power Excursions in GMPLS End-to-End Optical Restoration with Single-Step Wavelength Tuning (2012)

Power excursions resulting from SRS tilt-induced coupling created >3dB excursion in simulations of GMPLS end-to-end restoration on a continental scale network and the impact of wavelength dependent gain is investigated for different add channel combinations.
A Multi-Task Approach for Disentangling Syntax and Semantics in Sentence Representations (2019)

Mingda Chen, Qingming Tang, Sam Wiseman, Kevin Gimpel. Proceedings of the 2019 Conference of the North American Chapter of the Association for Computational Linguistics: Human Language Technologies, Volume 1 (Long and Short Papers). 2019.
Efficiency optimization of high-power, Er^3+–Yb^3+-codoped fiber amplifiers for wavelength-division-multiplexing applications (2003)

A rate-equations model that takes into account the energy transfer between Er3+ and Yb3+, as well as Er3+ clustering, is employed to analyze the power conversion efficiency (PCE) of high-power, gain-flattened, Er3+–Yb3+-codoped fiber amplifiers (EYDFA). Numerical results for C-band EYDFA and L-band EYDFA show that the PCE strongly depends on the excess pump losses and on the pump-band amplified spontaneous emission (ASE). It is found that the L-band EYDFA is more efficient in the limit of strong injected signal powers and large cladding areas. It is also shown that the PCE significantly improves on increasing the Yb3+ concentration in the C-band EYDFA, whereas in the L-band EYDFA it mainly depends on the pump wavelength. The effect of Er3+ clusters on the PCE is discussed.
A New Advancement in Noninvasive Electrophysiology: A Standard Laboratory Stimulator Pulse Coupled with an Implanted Pacemaker (1986)

A new device for coupling the pulse from a standard laboratory stimulator to commercially available implanted pacemakers for use in noninvasive electrophysiology testing has been developed. When programmed to an electrophysiology mode, a 37 kHz carrier wave, generated by the programmer, maintains communication with the implanted pacemaker. Stimuli generated from a standard lab stimulator cause a break in the carrier wave and an output from the pacemaker. Cycle lengths as short as 127 msec can be attained. In addition to standard electrophysiology testing, this noninvasive electrophysiological technique can be used to fibrillate the heart to test the efficacy of automatic implantable cardioverter/defibrillators.
Sleep-disordered breathing in C57BL/6J mice with diet-induced obesity (2018)

Obesity leads to sleep-disordered breathing (SDB) manifested by recurrent upper airway obstructions termed obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) and carbon dioxide retention due to hypoventilation. The objective of this work was to characterize breathing during sleep in C57BL6/J mice with diet-induced obesity (DIO). Arterial blood gas was measured in nine obese and nine lean mice during wakefulness. Nine male mice with DIO and six lean male C57BL/6J mice were head mounted with electroencephalogram (EEG) and electromyogram (EMG) electrodes. Sleep recordings were performed in the whole body plethysmography chamber; upper airway obstruction was characterized by the presence of inspiratory flow limitation in which airflow plateaus with increases in inspiratory effort. Obese mice showed significantly lower pH and higher partial pressure of arterial CO2 (PaCO2) in arterial blood gas compared to lean mice, 7.35 ± 0.04 versus 7.46 ± 0.06 (p < 0.001) and 38 ± 8 mm Hg versus 30 ± 5 mm Hg (p < 0.001). Obese mice had similar levels of minute ventilation to lean mice during sleep and wakefulness, despite higher body weight and temperature, indicating an increase in the metabolic rate and hypoventilation. Obese mice also showed baseline hypoxemia with decreased mean oxyhemoglobin saturation across sleep/wake states. Obese mice had a higher prevalence of flow-limited breathing compared to lean mice during sleep. However, the oxygen desaturation index in lean and obese mice did not differ. We conclude that DIO in mice leads to hypoventilation. Obesity also increases the frequency of inspiratory limited breaths, but it does not translate into progression of OSA.
Molecular tools for targeted imaging and therapy of cancer (2003)

Here we review an approach to the design and production of antibody/ligand pairs for use in cell targeting procedures, to achieve functional affinity far greater than avidin/biotin. Using fundamental chemical principles, we have developed antibody/ligand pairs that retain the binding specificity of the antibody, but do not dissociate. By eliminating the dissociation of the ligand from the antibody, we have made the affinity functionally infinite. This methodology is applicable to other biological binding pairs.
The Successful Use of Anti-Whirl Technology in Conventional Coring (1994)

ABSTRACT Anti-Whirl PDC bit technology, proven in full-hole bit designs, has been successfully applied to conventional coring operations. Coring operations were conducted during Amoco's Deep Water Drilling Program in water depths ranging from 3250 to 6521 ft. This paper reviews the coring operations on three wells and compares the results to those achieved in other Deep Water applications. Also included are the results of laboratory testing to establish hydraulic levels required to core Gulf Coast shales.
Inventory velocity : all the right moves (2005)

Subtitle: The need for speed is clear to retailers, manufacturers, and distributors--especially at this time of year. How are companies speeding their freight and inventory to meet customer demands? By collaborating with technology firms and outside logistics experts to gain greater visibility into the supply chain, increase inventory turns, and get the right products to the right place at the right time.
Performance analysis of low complexity multi-user MIMO scheduling schemes for massive MIMO system (2016)

Massive MIMO is a promising technology for the 5G mobile communications system and contributes to the enhancement of multi-user MIMO transmission. However, the user scheduling of multi-user MIMO transmission requires a high computational complexity because the matrix operation is performed to estimate SINR, which is used as a user selection criterion. In this paper, we investigate low complexity multi-user MIMO scheduling schemes that estimate the SINR without the matrix operation. The schemes are the polynomial approximation scheme, which approximately estimates the SINR by channel correlation between users, and the single-user based scheme, which uses the SINR of single-user transmission instead of the SINR of multi-user MIMO transmission. Simulation results show that the complexity of the polynomial approximation scheme is reduced to a few tenths of that of the matrix operation based scheme without throughput degradation. It is also shown that the complexity of the single-user based scheme is reduced to a few thousandths of that of the matrix operation based scheme with little throughput degradation as the number of spatially multiplexed users increases.
People with Disabilities in Christian Community (2014)

During His time on earth, Jesus walked alongside all types of people, showing no partiality in His ministry. He saw ALL people as bearers of the image of God and desired to share His Kingdom with everyone, especially those whom society deemed unworthy. This research study was developed to evaluate the Christian community of today and determine whether or not they hold true to a similar mindset; specifically in regards to people with disabilities. To determine this current status of the Christian community, an online survey was created and distributed. The survey consisted of six open-ended questions asking about three main subjects: (1) current status of disability in the Christian community, (2) barriers to inclusion in the Christian community, and (3) positive actions made to aid inclusion in the Christian community. Upon evaluation of the submitted responses, it was observed that the Christian community is making strides towards effective inclusion but still has much work to do. This study was not only intended to provide a general snapshot of the status of disability in the Christian community but to also be used to identify specific areas in which the community can improve.
Terminating Telephony Services on the Internet (2004)

We propose a general purpose service architecture for realizing services which start in the Public Switched Telephone Network (PSTN) but terminate and execute on the Internet. We discuss the needs for such services, our early research efforts in this direction which lead to prototyping certain benchmark services, and the current state of work in this area. We demonstrate the feasibility of the architecture by focusing on services which involve wireline PSTN as well as the wireless aspects (2 G, 2.5 G) of the PSTN. Our methodology is attractive since it keeps each of the domains (PSTN and Internet) unaware as to where the service is executing with respect to which domain actually requested the service. Individual entities participating in the service do not have any knowledge that external entities from another domain also contributed in the execution and fulfillment of such services. Our approach, as embodied in the service architecture, is to leverage the best of the Internet protocols (SIP, XML, HTTP) and technologies (instant messaging, presence) to provide a general framework for personalized service specification and execution.
Sceletium alkaloids. Part 12. Synthesis of (.+-.)-mesembranol and (.+-.)-O-methyljoubertiamine. Aza-ring expansion of cis-bicyclo[4.2.0]octanones (1982)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTSceletium alkaloids. Part 12. Synthesis of (.+-.)-mesembranol and (.+-.)-O-methyljoubertiamine. Aza-ring expansion of cis-bicyclo[4.2.0]octanonesPeter W. Jeffs, Nicholas A. Cortese, and Joachim WolframCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1982, 47, 20, 3881–3886Publication Date (Print):September 1, 1982Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 September 1982https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo00141a015https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00141a015research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views227Altmetric-Citations18LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Prefacio (2017)

El Volumen 45 de la Serie de Estudios del ICOFOM contiene los materiales presentados en el 39º Simposio del Comité Internacional de Museología, que formó parte de la 24ª Conferencia General del ICOM celebrada en Milán del 3 al 9 de julio de 2016. El tema del ICOFOM este año fue El museo depredador, un tema que resultó ser provocativo y desafiante. Se presentan aquí los interesantes resultados. Dadas las limitaciones de tiempo de una reunión dentro de la Conferencia General y el gran número de...
City-scale mapping of pets using georeferenced images (2017)

We investigate the mapping of pet activity using social media. Specifically, we perform cat and dog detection in a large collection of georeferenced images in San Francisco. We compare detection based on keyword search in user-supplied tags to detection based on image content using state-of-the-art deep-learning classification methods. The resulting city-scale spatial distribution of cat and dog activity makes sense based on our knowledge of the region. Our approach represents a general framework for mapping phenomena that are difficult to observe through traditional means.
尼日利亚阿比亚州山羊养殖农民使用改进生产技术的评估 (2021)

该研究为尼日利亚阿比亚州（Abia State）农村农民使用改进山羊生产技术提供了经验证据。研究的具体目标是描述受访者的社会经济特征，确定改进山羊生产技术的使用范围，确定影响改进山羊生产技术使用的因素，并确定在研究区域获得和使用改进山羊生产技术的限制因素。采用多阶段随机抽样技术对120名受访者进行抽样。通过使用问卷收集研究数据，采用描述性和推断性统计分析为研究收集的数据。社会经济特征结果显示，受访者的平均年龄为43岁，大多数（69.16%）已婚，大约45%有中等教育，平均家庭规模的6人，多数（66.67%）为农民，平均武装经验为5.7年，平均月收入 102,000，平均农场规模为11只山羊，大多数（78.33%）为非合作社成员。改进山羊生产技术使用程度的结果表明，受访者高度使用了大多数改进山羊生产技术，总体平均值=3.20。关于使用改进的山羊生产技术的限制因素，所有受访者（100%）同意缺乏信贷会限制使用，100%同意缺乏技术信息来源的可信度，99.2%同意他们害怕承担风险，93.3%同意技术应用的困难等。OLS回归估计了受访者的社会经济特征对研究区域使用改进山羊生产技术的影响，结果表明，10%的年龄、1%的教育程度、1%的家庭规模、1%的耕作经验、1%的农场规模、1%的收入和5%的信贷获得是研究区域使用改进山羊生产技术的决定因素，并且否定了无效假设。总之，更多地使用现有的改进技术将提高生产力，因此需要有关机构适当地宣传和提高认识。研究建议，相关政府和非政府机构应向农民提供信贷，以提高现有改进技术的使用水平。
Physical growth of Swiss children from birth to 20 years of age. First Zurich longitudinal study of growth and development. (1989)

Physical growth from birth to adulthood in healthy Swiss children born 1954-1956 is described. The data are based on the First Zurich Longitudinal Study in which 137 individuals of each sex have been followed from birth to adulthood between 1954 and 1976. Distance standards of 20 anthropometric measurements such as weight, height and head circumference are presented as mean values and standard deviations or as median values (for weight and skinfold thickness) with smoothed empirical centiles. Velocity standards are provided for seven anthropometric parameters. The following standard growth charts for clinical use are presented: weight, length/height and head circumference in the perinatal period, in the age range of 0-48 months and in the age range of 1-18 years (including some data on puberty), as well as weight for length/height and height velocity (cross-sectional and peak height centered). Comparison of the growth standards with those of previous Swiss studies and of recent foreign studies revealed only minor differences. Various aspects relevant for the clinical use of growth standards, such as measurement error or secular trend, are discussed.
Potential Sweetening Agents of Plant Origin. III. Organoleptic Evaluation of Stevia Leaf Herbarium Samples For Sweetness (1982)

A total of 184 Stevia leaf samples taken from herbarium specimens, representing 110 species and 121 taxa, were screened organoleptically for their taste sensation. Fragments of a 62-year-old leaf of S. rebaudiana exhibited a potent and prolonged sensation of sweetness, thereby indicating the stability of its sweet ent-kaurene glycoside constituents to drying, preservation, mounting and storage. No other leaf samples exhibited an intensity of sweetness equivalent to that of S. rebaudiana, though 18 species and varieties were considered to exhibit a sweet taste. These taxa appear to be promising candidates for future phytochemical investigation for new and known ent-kaurene glycosides.
Introduction of Tissue Doppler Imaging Echocardiography—Based on Pulsed-wave Mode (2008)

Noninvasive evaluation of global left ventricular (LV) myocardial contractile function using echocardiography has depended on M-mode and two-dimensional measurement of the LV dimension and area changes between diastolic and systolic phases, which provide an estimation of volume changes between diastole and systole, to calculate the ejection fraction as an index of LV contractile function. The LV ejection fraction represents a contractile function in summary of several LV myocardial segments. Noninvasive evaluation by echocardiography for regional myocardial contractile function depends mainly on visual assessment of the segmental myocardial motion velocity, especially the endocardial inward motion velocity. Human visual assessment is subjective and, hence, has a certain degree of intraobserver and interobserver variability. Tissue Doppler imaging (TDI) echocardiography, a technique which can have a frame rate of up to 200 frames per second (fps), is far beyond the capability of human vision (30 fps). TDI can detect the high-intensity, low- velocity motion of regional myocardium, mainly on the LV longitudinal axis using three apical views. The myocardium of the LV basal segments moves towards the apex during systole; hence, the systolic motion velocity is highest in the basal segments, middle in the LV mid-segments, and lowest in apical segments. The strain (S) image calculates regional myocardial deformation and is defined as the change in length divided by the original length, (L1–L0)/L0. The S is expressed as the percentage change, that is, the degree of regional deformation. A negative S represents a regional myocardial shortening, and a positive S represents a regional myocardial lengthening. The rate at which the S change occurs is called the strain rate (SR) image. The SR is expressed as 1/second and a negative value represents a regional rate of change in deformation during systolic shortening. A total displacement (D) at end-systole of a certain segment can also represent a regional myocardial contractile function. A segmental mean D can be acquired quickly and coded in colors to represent a semi-quantitative regional myocardial contractile function index display using a color bar. Recently, a tissue synchronization image mode has been developed for a more convenient quantification of time-to-peak velocity on several myocardial segments. In this context, examples on each mode acquired from normal and diseased regional myocardium will be shown. Thus, TDI will hopefully be more easily and widely accepted by echocardiographers and in clinical applications.
Wavelet transforms associated with finite cyclic groups (1993)

Multiresolution analysis via decomposition on wavelet bases has emerged as an important tool in the analysis of signals and images when these objects are viewed as sequences of complex or real numbers. An important class of multiresolution decompositions are the Laplacian pyramid schemes, in which the resolution is successively halved by recursively low-pass filtering the signal under analysis and decimating it by a factor of two. In general, the principal framework within which multiresolution techniques have been studied and applied is the same as that used in the discrete-time Fourier analysis of sequences of complex numbers. An analogous framework is developed for the multiresolution analysis of finite-length sequences of elements from arbitrary fields. Attention is restricted to sequences of length 2/sup n/, for n a positive integer, so that the resolution may be recursively halved to completion. As in finite-length Fourier analysis, a cyclic group structure of the index set of such sequences is exploited to characterize the transforms of interest for the particular cases of complex and finite fields.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
A randomized trial of recombinant human granulocyte-macrophage colony stimulating factor for patients with acute lung injury* (2011)

In a randomized phase II trial, granulocyte-macrophage colony stimulating factor treatment did not increase the number of ventilator-free days in patients with acute lung injury/acute respiratory distress syndrome. A larger trial would be required to determine whether treatment with granulocyte-macrophage colony stimulating factor might alter important clinical outcomes, such as mortality or multiorgan failure. (ClinicalTrials.gov number, NCT00201409 [ClinicalTrials.gov]).