gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A layered approach to stereo reconstruction (2002)

We propose a framework for extracting structure from stereo which represents the scene as a collection of approximately planar layers. Each layer consists of an explicit 3D plane equation, a colored image with per-pixel opacity (a sprite), and a per-pixel depth offset relative to the plane. Initial estimates of the layers are recovered using techniques taken from parametric motion estimation. These initial estimates are then refined using a re-synthesis algorithm which takes into account both occlusions and mixed pixels. Reasoning about such effects allows the recovery of depth and color information with high accuracy even in partially occluded regions. Another important benefit of our framework is that the output consists of a collection of approximately planar regions, a representation which is far more appropriate than a dense depth map for many applications such as rendering and video parsing.
An analysis of a fiber-optic magnetometer with magnetic feedback (1987)

The magnetic feedback nulling technique in a fiber-optic magnetometer is analyzed both theoretically and experimentally. Results indicate that high nulling efficiency requires large closed loop gain, and large signal-to-noise ratio requires system bandwidth no larger than the signal bandwidth. Large linear dynamic range, freedom from magnetic hysteresis, and long term stability are achievable.
The ADRP domain from a virulent strain of infectious bronchitis virus is not sufficient to confer a pathogenic phenotype to the attenuated Beaudette strain (2018)

The replicase gene of the coronavirus infectious bronchitis virus (IBV) encodes 15 non-structural proteins (nsps). Nsp 3 is a multi-functional protein containing a conserved ADP-ribose-1″-phosphatase (ADRP) domain. The crystal structures of the domain from two strains of IBV, M41 (virulent) and Beaudette (avirulent), identified a key difference; M41 contains a conserved triple-glycine motif, whilst Beaudette contains a glycine-to-serine mutation that is predicted to abolish ADRP activity. Although ADRP activity has not been formally demonstrated for IBV nsp 3, Beaudette fails to bind ADP-ribose. The role of ADRP in virulence was investigated by generating rIBVs, based on Beaudette, containing either a restored triple-glycine motif or the complete M41 ADRP domain. Replication in vitro was unaffected by the ADRP modifications and the in vivo phenotype of the rIBVs was found to be apathogenic, indicating that restoration of the triple-glycine motif is not sufficient to restore virulence to the apathogenic Beaudette strain.
Thermal-wave detection and thin-film thickness measurements with laser beam deflection (1983)

A new technique has been developed that employs highly focused laser beams for both generating and detecting thermal waves in the megahertz frequency regime. This technique includes a comprehensive 3-D depth-profiling theoretical model; it has been used to measure the thickness of both transparent and opaque thin films with high spatial resolution. Thickness sensitivities of ±2% over the 500–25,000-Å range have been obtained for Al and SiO2 films on Si substrates.
Multivariate Signature using Algebraic Techniques (2006)

We propose an algebraic framework for designing trap-door one-way functions with applications in multivariate signature schemes. Multivariate schemes are attractive because of their efficiency. The proposed framework involves paraunitary matrices, a special subset of invertible polynomial-matrices. Using the algebraic framework, we propose the general template of paraunitary digital-signature scheme (PDSS). The general framework paves the way for a computational-security analysis of the PDSS. We also propose a practical instance of the PDSS that operates on the field GF (2 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">8</sup> ). The message block and the secret key both consist of 16 symbols from GF (2 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">8</sup> ). The signature is a block of length 26 symbols from GF (2 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">8</sup> ). The complexity analysis of this instance reveals that it is, at least, as efficient as the hidden-field equations (HFE) scheme. In addition, our cryptanalysis shows that the proposed instance is secure
Collapse and Reversibility of the Superhydrophobic State on Nanotextured Surfaces (2014)

Superhydrophobic coatings repel liquids by trapping air inside microscopic surface textures. However, the resulting composite interface is prone to collapse under external pressure. Nanometer-size textures should facilitate more resilient coatings owing to geometry and confinement effects at the nanoscale. Here, we use in situ x-ray diffraction to study the collapse of the superhydrophobic state in arrays of $\ensuremath{\approx}20\text{ }\text{ }\mathrm{nm}$-wide silicon textures with cylindrical, conical, and linear features defined by block-copolymer self-assembly and plasma etching. We reveal that the superhydrophobic state vanishes above critical pressures which depend on texture shape and size. This phenomenon is irreversible for all but the conical surface textures which exhibit a spontaneous, partial reappearance of the trapped gas phase upon liquid depressurization. This process is influenced by the kinetics of gas-liquid exchange.
Vocabulary-independent indexing of spontaneous speech (2005)

We present a system for vocabulary-independent indexing of spontaneous speech, i.e., neither do we know the vocabulary of a speech recording nor can we predict which query terms for which a user is going to search. The technique can be applied to information retrieval, information extraction, and data mining. Our specific target is search in recorded conversations in the office/information-worker scenario-teleconferences, meetings, presentations, and voice mails. The focus of this paper is on how to index phonetic lattices. We will show that an index should provide expected term frequencies (ETFs) of query terms. Since, at indexing time, it is unknown which phoneme sequences constitute valid query terms, we will introduce an approximation of ETFs of a query's phoneme sequence by M-gram phoneme language models, which are estimated on lattices and organized in an inverted index-like structure for fast access. We will discuss ranking, estimation, and integration of phoneme/word hybrid approaches. Compared with an unindexed baseline without approximation, our approximation leads only to a 3.4% relative loss of search accuracy on the Linguistic Data Consortium (LDC) voicemail task. We also propose a two-stage method for locating individual keyword occurrences using the above method as a fast match. A 20-times speedup is achieved over unindexed search at under a 2-point accuracy loss. Last, we will briefly introduce a prototype applet based on the above techniques.
Dark-field and stereo viewing with the acoustic microscope (1975)

Images from the acoustic microscope can be recorded with increased clarity and additional detail if one uses an ’’off-axis’’ arrangement wherein the axis of the output lens is tilted with respect to the input lens. Also, stereograms have been recorded by canting the plane of the object. With a stereoscopic viewer, depth information becomes apparent and texture can be seen.
Structure of the Wnt-Frizzled-LRP6 initiation complex reveals the basis for co-receptor discrimination (2022)

Abstract Wnt morphogens are critical for embryonic development and tissue regeneration. Canonical Wnts form ternary receptor complexes composed of tissue-specific Frizzled receptors together with the shared LRP5/6 co-receptors to initiate β-catenin signaling. The structure of a ternary complex of an affinity-matured XWnt8-Frizzled8-LRP6 complex elucidates the basis of co-receptor discrimination by canonical Wnts by means of their N-termini and linker domains that engage the LRP6 E1E2 domain funnels. Chimeric Wnts bearing modular linker ‘grafts’ were able to transfer LRP6 domain specificity between different Wnts and enable non-canonical Wnt5a to signal through the canonical pathway. Synthetic peptides comprising the linker domain serve as Wnt-specific antagonists. The structure of the ternary complex provides a topological blueprint for the orientation and proximity of Frizzled and LRP6 within the Wnt cell surface signalosome.
RED display structures having dynamic hysteresis characteristics (1979)

Display structures based on reversible electrodeposition (RED) in organic solvent based electrolytes containing tetra-alkyl ammonium iodide, ammonium iodide, and silver iodide have been studied. Cells were made up with these electrolytes together with a mixed opacifier containing a semiconducting oxide (such as impure TiO2) and an insulator (such as a very fine zeolite powder). The cells develop bistable characteristics which permit operation with good contrast (between deep burgundy and white) at drive voltages of less than 2 V while operating at 0.5 Hz. Contrast ratio, optical density, efficiency, and memory time were measured. Probable mechanisms for the development of bistable characteristics and the nature of the deposits are discussed.
Application of Foam Fluids To Minimize Damage During Fracturing (1992)

ABSTRACT High quality foam was developed as a premium cost fracturing fluid in the past decade, but many beneficial properties of foam may make it the fluid of choice for hydraulic fracturing in the 1990's. Foam fluids were first applied to gas reservoirs having low pressure, since gas in the foam expanded after the treatment to remove the fracturing fluid from the well, minimizing damage to the formation. But foams have also been applied to all types of wells, low or high pressure, gas or oil, where it was important to minimize damage. The low liquid content of foams leaves less liquid to remove from the well. Foam fluids have low fluid loss to the formation. In addition, the gel filtercake which is deposited on the formation face during fracturing is substantially thinner than filter cakes deposited by other fluid types such as crosslinked polymer fluids. Damage to fracture conductivity is minimized. The two-phase structure of foam fluids allows the generation of high viscosity fluids for fracture propagation, and its yield point characteristics provide enhanced proppant transport. Mathematical relations can calculate the foam composition required for specific applications over a broad range of gas qualities, temperatures, and polymer concentrations. The development and application of constant internal phase design concepts allow proppant to be added to a foam fluid while maintaining viscosity constant. High proppant concentrations can be carried with constant internal phase foams while minimizing frictional pressure losses. This paper discusses the relationships of rheology, fluid loss, constant internal phase design, and fluid recovery in application of foam to hydraulic fracturing.
Online marketing research (2004)

Marketing decisions are typically made on the basis of research conducted using direct mailings, mall intercepts, telephone interviews, focused group discussion, and the like. These methods of marketing research can be time-consuming and expensive, and can require a large amount of effort to ensure accurate results. This paper presents a novel approach for conducting online marketing research based on several concepts such as active learning, matched control and experimental groups, and implicit and explicit experiments. These concepts, along with the opportunity provided by the increasing numbers of online shoppers, enable rapid, systematic, and cost-effective marketing research.
Cognitive radio adhoc vehicular network (CRAVENET): Architecture, applications, security requirements and challenges (2016)

This paper proposes and discusses the topic of cognitive radio ad-hoc vehicular networks (CRAVENET) and their architecture along with applications, security requirements and challenges that arise in architecting such networks. With the ever grower demand for spectrum, there exists an urgent need to improve spectrum utilization in wireless networks. Cognitive radio technology, which serves as a means to improve spectrum utilization, is expected to become an important part of diverse fields including the field of vehicular ad-hoc networking. The CRAVENET paradigm introduces entirely new challenges and security threats. This paper proposes an architecture with reliable authentication scheme to enhance security in CRAVENET.
Interference Reduction in Multi-Cell Massive MIMO Systems With Large-Scale Fading Precoding (2018)

A wireless massive multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) system entails a large number of base station antennas serving a much smaller number of users, with large gains in spectral efficiency and energy efficiency compared with the conventional MIMO technology. Until recently, it was believed that as the number of base station antennas tends to infinity, the performance of such systems is limited by directed inter-cellular interference caused by unavoidable re-use of training sequences (pilot contamination) by users in different cells. We devise a new concept of large-scale fading precoding (LSFP) that leads to the effective elimination of inter-cell interference. The main idea of LSFP is that base stations linearly combine messages aimed at users from different cells that re-use the same training sequence. Crucially, the combining coefficients depend only on the large-scale fading coefficients between the users and the base stations. These coefficients change slowly and their number does not depend on the number of base station antennas. Thus, the traffic between base stations stays constant even if the number of antennas tends to infinity. Furthermore, we derive a capacity lower bound for massive MIMO systems with LSFP and a finite number of base station antennas. In this regime, mitigation of all types of interference, not only the pilot contamination, is required. We consider optimal and suboptimal LSFP precodings that take into account all sources of interference. Our simulations results show that LSFP provides significant gain even for the case of moderate number of base station antennas.
Relaxed Half-Stochastic Belief Propagation (2012)

Low-density parity-check codes are attractive for high throughput applications because of their low decoding complexity per bit, but also because all the codeword bits can be decoded in parallel. However, achieving this in a circuit implementation is complicated by the number of wires required to exchange messages between processing nodes. Decoding algorithms that exchange binary messages are interesting for fully-parallel implementations because they can reduce the number and the length of the wires, and increase logic density. This paper introduces the Relaxed Half-Stochastic (RHS) decoding algorithm, a binary message belief propagation (BP) algorithm that achieves a coding gain comparable to the best known BP algorithms that use real-valued messages. We derive the RHS algorithm by starting from the well-known Sum-Product algorithm, and then derive a low-complexity version suitable for circuit implementation. We present extensive simulation results on two standardized codes having different rates and constructions, including low bit error rate results. These simulations show that RHS can be an advantageous replacement for the existing state-of-the-art decoding algorithms when targeting fully-parallel implementations.
Flat start training of CD-CTC-SMBR LSTM RNN acoustic models (2016)

We present a recipe for training acoustic models with context dependent (CD) phones from scratch using recurrent neural networks (RNNs). First, we use the connectionist temporal classification (CTC) technique to train a model with context independent (CI) phones directly from the written-domain word transcripts by aligning with all possible phonetic verbalizations. Then, we devise a mechanism to generate a set of CD phones using the CTC CI phone model alignments and train a CD phone model to improve the accuracy. This end-to-end training recipe does not require any previously trained GMM-HMM or DNN model for CD phone generation or alignment, and thus drastically reduces the overall model building time. We show that using this procedure does not degrade the performance of models and allows us to improve models more quickly by updates to pronunciations or training data.
Methods to Construct Recombinant Adenovirus Vectors (2011)

The most efficient system to introduce genes of interest within the adenovirus genome is by homologous recombination in microorganisms. In this chapter, the most popular procedures are described: two for homologous recombination in Escherichia coli, and one in yeast. Main differences between procedures are found in the plasmids needed as well as in the selection system used to rapidly identify newly generated recombinant adenovirus. The adenovirus genomes are then analyzed to confirm their identity and integrity, and further linearized to generate a viral pre-stock in permissive human cells. Finally, as a previous step before its amplification at medium or large scale, the viral pre-stock must be analyzed to quantify its potency and infectivity as well as to exclude the presence of unwanted replication competent particles.
New Cross-Linkable Polymers with Huisgen Reaction Incorporating High μβ Chromophores for Second-Order Nonlinear Optical Applications (2012)

We report herein the synthesis, the functionalization, and the successful radical polymerization of very nonlinear optical (NLO) active push–pull polyene chromophores (CPO). Second, the thermal Huisgen cyclo-addition cross-linking reaction was implemented, and it proved to be fully compatible with a polyene-based push–pull chromophore. Toward this goal, PMMA-co-CPO-3 and two cross-linkable polymers (PCC1-CPO-3 and PCC2-CPO-3) were first prepared and characterized by a modified Teng and Man technique performed in transmission. These first series of polymers were not compatible with the applied poling conditions because an irreversible film degradation was systematically observed at a temperature significantly lower than the cross-linking temperature. Consequently, a second series of polymers was prepared, in which the cross-linking temperature was decreased by functionalizing acetylenic moieties with ester electron withdrawing groups, which decrease the activation energy of the thermal Huisgen cyclo-addition. These new polymers were stable until the cross-linking reaction, and they exhibit bulk electro-optic coefficients (r33) until 41 pm/V at 1.5 μm. Furthermore, it was shown that the Huisgen cross-linking reaction is compatible with such push–pull polyene-based chromophores, and it systematically enhances the stability of the electro-optic activity because chromophore orientation was maintained up to 96 °C against 70 °C for the same uncross-linked polymer.
An rfaH Mutant of Salmonella enterica Serovar Typhimurium is Attenuated in Swine and Reduces Intestinal Colonization, Fecal Shedding, and Disease Severity Due to Virulent Salmonella Typhimurium (2014)

Swine are often asymptomatic carriers of Salmonella spp., and interventions are needed to limit colonization of swine to enhance food safety and reduce environmental contamination. We evaluated the attenuation and potential vaccine use in pigs of a Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium mutant of rfaH, the gene encoding the RfaH antiterminator that prevents premature termination of long mRNA transcripts. Pigs inoculated with wild-type S. Typhimurium exhibited a significant elevation in average body temperature (fever) at 1 and 2 days post-inoculation; rfaH-inoculated pigs did not (n = 5/group). During the 7-day trial, a significant reduction of Salmonella in the feces, tonsils, and cecum were observed in the rfaH-inoculated pigs compared to wild-type inoculated pigs. To determine whether vaccination with the rfaH mutant could provide protection against wild-type S. Typhimurium challenge, two groups of pigs (n = 14/group) were intranasally inoculated with either the rfaH mutant or a PBS placebo at 6 and 8 weeks of age and challenged with the parental, wild-type S. Typhimurium at 11 weeks of age. The average body temperature was significantly elevated in the mock-vaccinated pigs at 1 and 2 days post-challenge, but not in the rfaH-vaccinated pigs. Fecal shedding at 2 and 3 days post-challenge and colonization of intestinal tract tissues at 7 days post-challenge by wild-type S. Typhimurium was significantly reduced in the rfaH-vaccinated pigs compared to mock-vaccinated pigs. Serological analysis using the IDEXX HerdChek Swine Salmonella Test Kit indicated that vaccination with the rfaH mutant did not stimulate an immune response against LPS. These results indicate that vaccination of swine with the attenuated rfaH mutant confers protection against challenge with virulent S. Typhimurium but does not interfere with herd level monitoring for Salmonella spp., thereby allowing for differentiation of infected from vaccinated animals (DIVA).
Anchor-based routing optimization extension for Proxy Mobile IPv6 in flat architectures (2011)

Proxy Mobile IPv6 (PMIPv6) relies on centralized data and signaling anchoring. Communications of mobile users are tunneled to and from a local mobility anchor (LMA) for routing decision. In a hierarchical architecture this centralization generates bottlenecks and scalability issues. In distributed architectures, PMIPv6 could be extended and optimized to take advantage of the distribution of network functions.
The Use of GPS Based Velocity Measurements for Measurement of Sideslip and Wheel Slip (2003)

Summary This paper details a novel method for measuring three key vehicle states – wheel slip, body sideslip angle, and tire sideslip angle – using GPS velocity information in conjunction with other sensors. Based on initial noise data obtained from the system components, a prediction of the accuracy of the angle measurements is obtained. These results demonstrate that the errors due to stochastic noise in the GPS signal are below one degree for meaningful vehicle speeds and approach a tenth of a degree at highway speeds. Hence the limiting factor for measuring these states is not the GPS receiver, but the manner in which other implementation issues – such as bias elimination, off-axis dynamics and dead-reckoning during loss of satellite visibility – are handled. Subsequent experiments validate both the error analysis and the methodology for obtaining the measurements. The experimental results for this preliminary implementation of GPS-based state estimation compare favorably to theoretical predictions, s...
Optimization of control gate material and structure for enhancing 20nm 64Gb NAND flash reliability (2012)

We developed the new control gate (CG) material and structure in order to overcome scaling limitation beyond 20nm NAND flash cell. New CG material can achieve excellent gap-fill without void and improvement of the Gate CD Gap (GCG). And also, by using new CG material, CG depletion between floating gate (FG) can be improved. As a result, gate coupling ratio, bit-line (BL) interference and tail-cell Vt distribution are drastically improved. These technologies play an important role in the characteristic of scaled NAND flash memory cell and reliability.