gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Processing Interval Joins On Map-Reduce (2014)

In this paper we investigate the problem of processing multi-way interval joins on map-reduce platform. We look at join queries formed by interval predicates as defined by Allen’s interval algebra. These predicates can be classified in two groups: colocation based predicates and sequence based predicates. A colocation predicate requires two intervals to share at least one common point while a sequence predi-cate requires two intervals to be disjoint. An interval join query can therefore be thought of as belonging to one of the three classes: (a) queries containing only colocation based predicates, (b) queries containing only sequence based pred-icates and (c) queries containing both classes of predicates. We address these three classes of join queries, discuss the challenges and present novel approaches for processing these queries on map-reduce platform. We also discuss why the current approaches developed for handling join queries on real-valued data can not be directly used to handle inter-val joins. We finally extend the approaches developed to handle join queries containing multiple interval attributes as well as join queries containing both interval as well as non-interval attributes. Through experimental evaluations both on synthetic and real life datasets, we demonstrate that the proposed approaches comfortably outperform naive ap-proaches. 1.
Phthalocyanato Tin(IV) Dichloride: An Air‐Stable, High‐Performance, n‐Type Organic Semiconductor with a High Field‐Effect Electron Mobility (2008)

Phthalocyanato tin(IV) dichloride, an axially dichloriniated MPc, is an air-stable high performance n-type organic semiconductor with a field-effect electron mobility of up to 0.30 cm2 V−1 s−1. This high mobility together with good device stability and commercial availability make it a most suitable n-type material for future organic thin-film transistor applications.
Abstract 823: Identification of FISH biomarkers to detect chromosome abnormalities associated with prostate adenocarcinoma in tumor and field effect environment (2010)

Abstract Introduction. The focal nature of prostate cancer (CA) contributes to needle biopsy sampling error with false negative rates of 15-30%. Here we used fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) analysis to assess molecular abnormalities in prostate specimens as an aid to CA diagnosis. We also evaluated the feasibility of combined immunofluorescence and FISH to facilitate assessment of chromosomal abnormalities. Experimental Procedure. 33 radical prostatectomy (RP) specimens from patients with adenocarcinoma of the prostate were evaluated by FISH with MYC, LPL, PTEN and centromere 8 probes. For each specimen, a tissue section was scribed by a pathologist to mark the tumor region(s). For 17 of the RP cases, a second section was available with only histologically benign tissue. FISH signals were enumerated in 50-100 cells per section. 26 hyperplasia (BPH) specimens, served as controls. Immunofluorescence (IF) with AMACR antibody was also used in the same assay with FISH. Results. Chromosomal copy number abnormalities were observed in most RP specimens, both within tumor regions and extending beyond histologically evident tumor, while few abnormalities were observed in the BPH specimens, using a cut-off value for FISH positivity based on the mean +/- 2 SD of cells with less than or greater than 2 signals in BPH specimens. A combination of MYC gain, LPL loss, PTEN loss or chromosome 8 aneusomy within the scribed tumor regions identified adenocarcinoma in 82% (27/33) of RP specimens, with a specificity of 81% relative to BPH (χ2 p&lt;0.001). When detected in regions of normal histology, these abnormalities correlated with adenocarcinoma in 47% (8/17 RP specimens, χ2 p=0.05 relative to BPH). IF combined with FISH facilitated selection of the abnormal regions of interest for molecular assessment in the heterogeneous prostate specimens. The IF-staining closely correlated with morphological assessment of tumor by a trained pathologist. Conclusions. This study identified FISH probes for detection of chromosomal abnormalities associated with prostate CA that could potentially serve as a diagnostic aid in biopsy specimens. This study also indicates that chromosome abnormalities are present in RP specimens within regions of normal histology, indicating a substantial tumor field effect. Therefore, a molecular test based on FISH to measure abnormal MYC, LPL, PTEN and centromere 8 copy numbers may allow detection of cancer otherwise missed by histopathological examination and thus improve diagnosis of prostate cancer by reducing sampling error of needle biopsies. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 101st Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2010 Apr 17-21; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2010;70(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 823.
Automated QT Analysis That Learns from Cardiologist Annotations (2009)

Background: Reliable, automated QT analysis would allow the use of all the ECG data recorded during continuous Holter monitoring, rather than just intermittent 10‐second ECGs. Methods: BioQT is an automated ECG analysis system based on a Hidden Markov Model, which is trained to segment ECG signals using a database of thousands of annotated waveforms. Each sample of the ECG signal is encoded by its wavelet transform coefficients. BioQT also produces a confidence measure which can be used to identify unreliable segmentations. The automatic generation of templates based on shape descriptors allows an entire 24 hours of QT data to be rapidly reviewed by a human expert, after which the template annotations can automatically be applied to all beats in the recording. Results: The BioQT software has been used to show that drug‐related perturbation of the T wave is greater in subjects receiving sotalol than in those receiving moxifloxacin. Chronological dissociation of T‐wave morphology changes from the QT prolonging effect of the drug was observed with sotalol. In a definitive QT study, the percentage increase of standard deviation of QT c for the standard manual method with respect to that obtained with BioQT analysis was shown to be 44% and 30% for the placebo and moxifloxacin treatments, respectively. Conclusions: BioQT provides fully automated analysis, with confidence values for self‐checking, on very large data sets such as Holter recordings. Automatic templating and expert reannotation of a small number of templates lead to a reduction in the sample size requirements for definitive QT studies.
In Vitro Assays for Neural Stem Cell Differentiation (2003)

Neural stem cells (NSCs) are an undifferentiated population of cells residing in the tissue lining the ventricular system of both the embryonic and adult mammalian central nervous system (CNS) (1–3). When isolated under the appropriate genetic or epigenetic conditions, NSCs have the ability to self renew and produce clinical amounts of cells that may be well characterized in vitro and in vivo, cryopreserved, or ready for therapeutic use. Upon transplantation into the adult CNS, NSCs integrate seamlessly within the host tissue and differentiate according to the local microenvironment into any one of the principal CNS cell types (neurons, astrocytes, or oligodendrocytes). These attributes make NSCs a good source of cells for cell replacement therapy for neurological disorders. However, this source of neural tissue will not reach the clinical stage unless it is well characterized both in vitro and in animal models.
Single-shot measurement of terahertz temporal waveform using pulse-front tilting by a direct vision dispersion prism (2009)

We demonstrated a single-shot measurement of terahertz temporal waveform using pulse-front tilting by a direct vision dispersion prism (DVDP). An advantage of this technique is the simplicity with which an electro-optic terahertz imaging optical system can be changed into a single-shot measurement system by inserting a DVDP in the probe beam path. In this technique, control of the angle of pulse-front tilting is very important. We precisely designed DVDP and measured the angle of the pulse-front tilting by interference measurement. We obtained a terahertz temporal waveform with a single shot with a time window of 3.2 ps.
Lidar-based change detection and change-type determination in urban areas (2012)

Change detection of objects, such as buildings, is essential for map updating. Traditionally, detection is usually performed through spectral analysis of multi-temporal images. This article proposes a method that employs multi-temporal interpolated lidar data. The objective of this study is to perform change detection and change-type determination via geometric analysis. A shape difference map is generated between the digital surface models in two different time periods. The areas with small shape differences are treated as non-changed areas and are excluded from the segmentation. The object's properties are then applied to determine the change types. Experimental results demonstrate that the proposed scheme achieves accuracy as high as 80%. Most of the errors from this study occurred in small or vegetation areas.
Characteristic Comparison of the Superconducting Fault Current Limiter With Various Bypass Reactors (2010)

A resistive superconducting fault current limiter (SFCL) has two drawbacks-relatively higher impedance and longer recovery time than the requirement of the electric power system. A parallel-connected bypass reactor (BPR) can be a solution to both problems. As a stage of proof-of-concept, an SFCL comprised of an YBCO S/N switch and a Bi2223-BPR had been presented in the former paper. Although the previous one has shorter recovery time, the generated impedance after a fault was too low to satisfy the requirement of the power system. To apply the SFCL into the power system, the SFCL has proper impedance during the fault. Therefore, we proposed bypass reactors to achieve higher impedance than the previous one in this paper. The SFCLs with a bypass reactor were fabricated and short-circuit test with the SFCLs were conducted. The test results were compared in point of current limiting characteristics and recovery. This research would be applied to a conceptual design of BPR.
A novel cavity ringdown heterodyne spectroscopy: 1 x 10 -10 sensitivity with microwatt light power (2000)

We present a novel technique in cavity ringdown spectroscopy that permits 1 X 10-10 absorption sensitivity with microwatt level light power. Heterodyne detection is employed between two alternating cavity modes, with one of them interacting with a molecular resonance.
Processing of polymers in high magnetic fields (1996)

Many organic molecules and polymers have an anisotropic diamagnetic susceptibility, and thus can be aligned in high magnetic fields. The presence of liquid crystallinity allows cooperative motions of the individual molecules, and thus the magnetic energy becomes greater than the thermal energy at experimentally obtainable field strengths. This work has determined the effect of magnetic field alignment on the thermal expansion and mechanical properties of liquid crystalline thermosets in the laboratory. Further advances in magnet design are needed to make magnetic field alignment a commercially viable approach to polymer processing. The liquid crystal thermoset chosen for this study is the diglycidyl ether of dihydroxy-{alpha}-methylstilbene cured with the diamine sulfamilamide. This thermoset has been cured at field strengths up to 18 Tesla.
Flexible thermoelectric generator with liquid metal interconnects and low thermal conductivity silicone filler (2021)

Abstract Harvesting body heat using thermoelectricity provides a promising path to realizing self-powered, wearable electronics that can achieve continuous, long-term, uninterrupted health monitoring. This paper reports a flexible thermoelectric generator (TEG) that provides efficient conversion of body heat to electrical energy. The device relies on a low thermal conductivity aerogel–silicone composite that secures and thermally isolates the individual semiconductor elements that are connected in series using stretchable eutectic gallium-indium (EGaIn) liquid metal interconnects. The composite consists of aerogel particulates mixed into polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) providing as much as 50% reduction in the thermal conductivity of the silicone elastomer. Worn on the wrist, the flexible TEGs present output power density figures approaching 35 μWcm − 2 at an air velocity of 1.2 ms − 1 , equivalent to walking speed. The results suggest that these flexible TEGs can serve as the main energy source for low-power wearable electronics.
Breast Cancer Related Proteins Are Present in Saliva and Are Modulated Secondary to Ductal Carcinoma<i>In Situ</i>of the Breast (2008)

The study suggests that saliva is a fluid suffused with solubilized by-products of oncogenic expression and that these proteins may be modulated secondary to DCIS. Additionally, there may be salivary protein profiles that are unique to both DCIS and fibroadenoma tumors.
Improvement of Chromatic Aberration of a Plastic Rod Lens Array 1 Combination-Color Lens Arrays Consisting of Several Kinds of Rod Lenses with Different Gradient Constants and Different Color Filter Functions (2004)

We propose a new type of rod lens array with improved chromatic aberration. The new rod lens array consists of several kinds of rod lenses with different gradient constants and different color filter functions. The gradient constant of each lens was prepared such that the total conjugate length was identical to the specific wavelength of the lens with a constant lens length. We call our new type of rod lens array a combination-color lens array. The characteristics of this color-type lens array are as follows: high angular aperture, short focal length, and ease of production with established procedures. The optical resolution of the rod lens array is 300 dpi in a wide wavelength range that is high enough to be applied to color scanners.
High-speed switching of spin polarization for proposed spin-photon memory (2009)

Nonvolatile high-speed optical memory is proposed, which utilizes the magnetization reversal of nanomagnet by spin-polarized photoexcited electrons. It was demonstrated experimentally that one selected pulse from the train of two optical data pulses with interval of 450 fs can solely excite the spin-polarized electrons without a disturbance from the unselected optical data pulse. That proves feasibility for operation of the memory with speed of 2.2 Tbits/s.
The influence of mammogram acquisition on the mammographic density and breast cancer association in the mayo mammography health study cohort (2012)

We confirmed a strong association between mammographic density and breast cancer risk that was not confounded by mammogram acquisition technique.
Activated Microglia Targeting Dendrimer–Minocycline Conjugate as Therapeutics for Neuroinflammation (2017)

Brain-related disorders have outmatched cancer and cardiovascular diseases worldwide as the leading cause of morbidity and mortality. The lack of effective therapies and the relatively dry central nervous system (CNS) drug pipeline pose formidable challenge. Superior, targeted delivery of current clinically approved drugs may offer significant potential. Minocycline has shown promise for the treatment of neurological diseases owing to its ability to penetrate the blood-brain barrier (BBB) and potency. Despite its potential in the clinic and in preclinical models, the high doses needed to affect a positive therapeutic response have led to side effects. Targeted delivery of minocycline to the injured site and injured cells in the brain can be highly beneficial. Systemically administered hydroxyl poly(amidoamine) (PAMAM) generation-6 (G6) dendrimers have a longer blood circulation time and have been shown to cross the impaired BBB. We have successfully prepared and characterized the in vitro efficacy and in vivo targeting ability of hydroxyl-G6 PAMAM dendrimer-9-amino-minocycline conjugate (D-mino). Minocycline is a challenging drug to carry out chemical transformations due to its inherent instability. We used a combination of a highly efficient and mild copper catalyzed azide-alkyne click reaction (CuAAC) along with microwave energy to conjugate 9-amino-minocycline (mino) to the dendrimer surface via enzyme responsive linkages. D-mino was further evaluated for anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activity in lipopolysaccharides-activated murine microglial cells. D-mino conjugates enhanced the intracellular availability of the drug due to their rapid uptake, suppressed inflammatory cytokine tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α) production, and reduced oxidative stress by suppressing nitric oxide production, all significantly better than the free drug. Fluorescently labeled dendrimer conjugate (Cy5-D-mino) was systematically administered (intravenous, 55 mg/kg) on postnatal day 1 to rabbit kits with a clinically relevant phenotype of cerebral palsy. The in vivo imaging study indicates that Cy5-D-mino crossed the impaired blood-brain barrier and co-localized with activated microglia at the periventricular white matter areas, including the corpus callosum and the angle of the lateral ventricle, with significant implications for positive therapeutic outcomes. The enhanced efficacy of D-mino, when combined with the inherent neuroinflammation-targeting capability of the PAMAM dendrimers, may provide new opportunities for targeted drug delivery to treat neurological disorders.
Robust speaker adaptation using a piecewise linear acoustic mapping (1992)

In a large vocabulary speech recognition system, it is desirable to make use of previously acquired speech data when encountering new speakers. The authors describe an adaptation strategy based on a piecewise linear mapping between the feature space of a new speaker and that of a reference speaker. This speaker-normalizing mapping is used to transform the previously acquired parameters of the reference speaker onto the space of the new speaker. This results in a robust speaker adaptation procedure which allows for a drastic reduction in the amount of training data required from the new speaker. The performance of this method is illustrated on an isolated utterance speech recognition task with a vocabulary of 20000 words.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Multiparametric Color-encoded Brain MR Imaging in Talairach Space (2002)

Clinical magnetic resonance (MR) imaging of the brain is typically performed in the standard three orthogonal planes of the magnet, with little regard to head positioning. Multiple sequences with different imaging parameters are performed, and gray-scale images are obtained and displayed separately. The authors have implemented, and currently advocate, the routine acquisition of coregistered transverse images after roll, yaw, and pitch correction to Talairach space. Talairach, anterior commissure (AC)-posterior commissure (PC) referenced, stereotactic space has been widely embraced by the neuroscience community. This standardization should lead to more reproducible and readily interpretable MR examinations. A method is described to obtain direct AC-PC referenced (Talairach space) MR images. Sample protocols are provided. Coregistered T1-weighted, T1-weighted with contrast material administration, T2-weighted, fluid-attenuated inversion recovery (FLAIR), MR angiography, fractional anisotropy, and functional MR imaging sequences are presented, depicting a wide range of imaging parameters applied to normal brain anatomy in Talairach space. Illustrative examples of pathology are also provided. Color encoding is discussed and exploited to display and integrate multiparameter MR imaging contrast and white-matter-tract direction (anisotropy). The color composites may reduce the number of images needed for review by a factor of three or four and facilitate interpretation.
Selective Oxidizer For Removal Of Carbon Monoxide (1996)

Catalytic apparatus selectively oxidizes most of carbon monoxide (without oxidizing hydrogen) in stream of reformed fuel gas fed to low-temperature fuel cell. Multiple catalytic stages at progressively lower temperatures operate without becoming poisoned. Catalysts used to oxidize CO selectively include platinum on alumina and commercial catalyst known as Selectoxo.
<title>Adaptive wavelet coding of hyperspectral imagery</title> (1996)

A system is presented for compression of hyperspectral imagery. Specifically, DPCM is used for spectral decorrelation, while an adaptive 2-D discrete wavelet coding scheme is used for spatial decorrelation. Trellis coded quantization is used to encode the wavelet coefficients. Side information and rate allocation strategies are discussed. Entropy-constrained codebooks are designed using a modified version of the generalized Lloyd algorithm. This entropy constrained system achieves a compression ratio of greater than 70:1 with an average PSNR of the coded hyperspectral sequence exceeding 41 dB.
Abstract 1463: Efficacy of Tumor Treating Fields (TTFields) and Aurora B kinase inhibitor (2018)

Abstract Tumor Treating Fields (TTFields) are an effective antineoplastic treatment modality delivered via noninvasive application of low-intensity, intermediate-frequency, alternating electric fields. TTFields is approved for the treatment of both newly diagnosed and recurrent glioblastoma. A promising approach to enhance the efficiency of TTFields is the use of drugs that extend metaphase-anaphase transition and telophase. Specifically, inhibitors or drugs interfering with components of the chromosomal passenger complex, in particular affecting Aurora B kinase, are potential candidates for combinatorial use with TTFields. The goal of the present study is to test the hypothesis that TTFields effect on tumor cells can be exaggerated by an additional inhibition of cytokinesis through chemical inhibition of Aurora B kinase. Efficacy of the combined treatment of TTFields and Aurora B kinase inhibitors (AZD1152) was tested in 3 different glioma cell lines: U87-MG, U87-MGshP53 and U-251. TTFields (1.6 V/cm RMS, 200 kHz) were applied for 72 hours using the inovitro system. AZD1152 was added to the media in concentrations of up to 100 nmol/L. Cell counts, cell cycle and clonogenic potential were determined at the end of treatment. Formation of multinuclear cells was determined using microscopic images of cells stained with crystal violet. The combined treatment of TTFields and AZD1152 led to a significant reduction in the number of U251, U-87 MG and U-87 MGshP53 cells (2-way ANOVA, p&lt;0.001 in all three cell lines) as compared to each treatment alone. The overall effect taking into account not just the cytotoxic effect at the end of treatment, but also the clonogenic potential, demonstrated a significant reduction in U87-MG, U87-MGshP53 and U-251 cells (2-way ANOVA, p&lt;0.001 in all 3 cell lines) as compared to each treatment alone. Microscopy images of U87-MG and U87-MGshP53 cells stained with crystal violet after treatment revealed high prevalence of multinuclear cells in cells exposed to TTFields and AZD1152 (25nM) as compared to cells treated with AZD1152 (25nM) alone. Cells treated with TTFields and higher doses of AZD1152 (50-100nM) demonstrated increased rates of pyknosis. The results presented in this work demonstrate that the combination of TTFields and AZD1152 can be an effective treatment against glioma cells. Based on the above, there is a strong rationale to continue exploring the potential of combining TTFields and AZD1152 in the clinical settings. Citation Format: Dietmar Krex, Achim Temme, Rosa S Schneiderman,, Einav Zeevi, Karnit Gotlib, Tali Voloshin, Moshe Giladi, Adrian Kinzel, Eilon D Kirson, Uri Weinberg, Yoram Plati. Efficacy of Tumor Treating Fields (TTFields) and Aurora B kinase inhibitor [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2018; 2018 Apr 14-18; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2018;78(13 Suppl):Abstract nr 1463.