gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A discrete-scatterer model for ultrasonic images of rough surfaces (2000)

Automated analysis of ultrasonic images could be greatly improved with model-based Bayesian methods for image analysis. Such an approach would require an accurate probabilistic image model representing ultrasonic images in terms of the gross shape of underlying anatomical structure. Existing probabilistic models for ultrasonic image data do not adequately incorporate structure shape or system characteristics; thus, a substantially new approach is warranted. Toward that goal, we have developed models for the imaging system and rough surface with the following objectives: (1) accuracy in representation of basic image characteristics such as the texture and intensity, (2) a minimum of computational requirements, and (3) a form that is naturally extendable to an appropriate probabilistic image model. The imaging system was modeled as a linear system with a separable three-dimensional point-spread function with an envelope of Gaussian curves in each dimension. The rough surface was modeled as a collection of discrete scatterers placed on the continuum and parametrized by a surface roughness and scatterer concentration. Models were evaluated by a visual comparison of actual and simulated images of a cadaveric lumbar vertebra. The gross shape of the vertebral surface was estimated from computed tomography images of the vertebra, and simulated images were generated using the models and the gross surface shape. Actual images were registered with the surface and simulated images to within 2 mm. The similarity of the actual and simulated images was quite remarkable considering the simplicity of the models. Differences between the images were less than those between two simulated images separated by 0.4 mm or one-fifth the registration error. Further assessment of the models would require a statistical approach not yet available. The models do, however, provide the basis for the development of a computationally tractable probabilistic image model for image analysis. Such a model will provide the means for a statistical evaluation of the system and surface models.
Inhibition of rat passive cutaneous anaphylaxis by 3-(tetrazol-5-yl)quinolines (1979)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTInhibition of rat passive cutaneous anaphylaxis by 3-(tetrazol-5-yl)quinolinesEdward H. Erickson, Carol F. Hainline, Larry S. Lenon, Charles J. Matson, Thomas K. Rice, Karl F. Swingle, and Michael Van WinkleCite this: J. Med. Chem. 1979, 22, 7, 816–823Publication Date (Print):July 1, 1979Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 July 1979https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jm00193a013https://doi.org/10.1021/jm00193a013research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views463Altmetric-Citations15LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Region-of-interest coding based on set partitioning in hierarchical trees (2002)

In many image coding applications, such as Web browsing, image database and telemedicine, it is useful to reconstruct only a region of interest (ROI) before the rest of the image is reconstructed. An ROI coding functionality is incorporated with the set partitioning in hierarchical trees (SPIHT) algorithm (see Said and Pearlman, IEEE Trans. Circuits and Systems for Video Technology, vol.6, p.243-50, 1996). By emphasizing the ROI coefficients, they are coded with higher fidelity than the rest of the image in early stages of progressive reconstruction. The main thrust of this research is how to identify necessary coefficients for the decoder to reconstruct the desired region. The proposed method provides better performance than the previous method.
Cloning and Characterization of a Constitutive Lysophosphatidic Acid Acyltransferase 2 (LPAT2) Gene from Tropaeolum majus L~!2009-07-22~!2009-09-25~!2010-03-12~! (2010)

The cloning and characterization of a lyso-phosphatidic acid acyltransferase (LPAT2; EC 2.3.1.51) from Tropaeolum majus from a 20,000 EST collection is described. The 1358 bp TmLPAT2 gene encodes a 42.6 kD polypeptide; the primary sequence has a membrane bound O-acyltransferase, MBOAT, Box I motif, and Boxes II, III and IV typical of LPATs from various species. Unlike many LPAT2s, the gene was constitutively expressed in all tissues. The TmLPAT2 functionality was confirmed by expression in a yeast LPAT deletion (SLC1 -) mutant. The TmLPAT2 could use a range of acyl-CoAs as acyl donor, including 22:1-CoA and 20:1-CoA and either 18:1-LPA or 22:1-LPA as acyl acceptor. This new LPAT2 could enable the production of Brassica seed oils with enhanced levels of very long-chain fatty acids.
Method for determining the junction temperature of alternating current light-emitting diodes (2009)

A numerical simulation was used to simulate the temperature distribution during AC and DC operations of an alternating current light-emitting diode (AC LED). The relationship between the junction temperature and the temperature at the centre of the bottom surface of the submount of an AC LED was measured under DC operation. This relationship was confirmed by numerical simulation. The numerical results were consistent with the experimental observations in that the temperature at the centre of the bottom surface of the submount was insensitive to the current variations that occur in an AC LED, probably because of the large mass of the submount. However, it was difficult to measure the temperature oscillation at the junctions in an AC LED, although this oscillation can be clearly seen in the numerical results. Thus, the authors propose a formula for predicting the range of the oscillating junction temperature for an AC LED.
Frequency-Selective High-Order Phase Shift Keying (2019)

This paper presents a candidate arbitrary-phase spread spectrum modulation technique that offers similar performance to spread continuous phase modulation (CPM) waveforms, yet supports additional capabilities for programming a chosen frequency domain spectra into the resulting spread spectrum signal. The proposed frequency-selective high-order phase shift keying (PSK) signaling (FS-HOPS) waveform is derived from arbitrary-phase sequence-based spread spectrum signals, with multi-bit resolution chaos-based sequences defining incremental phase words, enabling real-time efficient generation of practically non-repeating waveforms. The result of the FS-HOPS formulation is a parameterized hybrid modulation capable of selectively mitigating narrowband interference. Adaptation in this modulation may be easily implemented as a time-varying evolution, increasing the security of the waveform against tone jammers, while retaining many efficiently implementable receiver design characteristics of standard PSK modulations.
ChemInform Abstract: SYNTHESIS AND ANTIALLERGY ACTIVITY OF 10‐OXO‐10H‐PYRIDO(1,2‐A)THIENO(3,2‐D)PYRIMIDINES AND 10‐OXO‐10H‐PYRIDO(1,2‐A)THIENO(3,4‐D)PYRIMIDINES (1984)

Abstract Tetrazolylsubstituierte Carbonsäureamide (III) und Heterocyclen (VI) erhält man direkt aus der Carbonsäure (II) oder über die Derivate (IV) und (V).
Novel Membrane and Device for Direct Contact Membrane Distillation-Based Desalination Process (2004)

In the direct contact membrane distillation (DCMD) process for desalination, the water vapor flux is strongly affected by the hot brine heat transfer coefficient, conductive heat loss, and long-term flux decline due to membrane pore wetting/fouling, etc. The DCMD process has been explored here using porous hydrophobic polypropylene hollow fibers having three different dimensions and two different wall thicknesses. The outside surfaces of the fibers have been coated with a variety of microporous plasmapolymerized silicone−fluoropolymer coating. A large number of rectangular modules having the hot brine in cross flow over the outside of the fibers and cold distillate flowing in the tube side have been investigated for their DCMD performances with hot brine (1% NaCl) over a brine temperature range of 60−90 °C. The module MXFR 3 containing fibers with larger internal diameter (i.d.) and wall thickness, and having the best performance, was tested in a continuous DCMD run for 120 h with 85 °C brine flowing at a Reynolds number of 70. The remarkably high water vapor flux (41−79 kg/m2·h) obtained in such modules and the complete absence of pore wetting over 400 h of experiments without any module cleaning demonstrate the excellent DCMD potential of such hollow fiber membranes and modules.
Overview on Applications of Antisense-Mediated Exon Skipping (2012)

Antisense-mediated exon skipping has multiple therapeutic applications. This chapter gives an overview of how this tool has been employed to restore normal splicing for cryptic splicing mutations, to switch between alternative splicing isoforms, to induce exon inclusion, to correct the reading frame to allow the production of internally deleted proteins, or to induce reading frame disruptions to achieve partial protein knockdown. For each application, examples are discussed and the current state of the art is described.
A novel approach to part-of-speech tagging based on latent analogy (2008)

Part-of-speech tagging is a necessary pre-processing step for many natural language tasks. Recent statistical approaches, such as conditional random fields, rely on well chosen feature functions to ensure that important characteristics of the empirical training distribution are reflected in the trained model. In practice, however, it is not always clear how to best select these feature functions in order to obtain a suitably robust model. This paper proposes an alternative strategy based on the principle of latent analogy. For each sentence under consideration, we construct a neighborhood of globally relevant training sentences through an appropriate data-driven mapping of the input surface form. Tagging then proceeds via locally optimal sequence alignment and maximum likelihood position scoring. Empirical evidence shows that this solution is competitive with state-of-the-art Markovian techniques.
Increased prevalence of EPAS1 variant in cattle with high-altitude pulmonary hypertension (2015)

High-altitude pulmonary hypertension (HAPH) has heritable features and is a major cause of death in cattle in the Rocky Mountains, USA. Although multiple genes are likely involved in the genesis of HAPH, to date no major gene variant has been identified. Using whole-exome sequencing, we report the high association of an EPAS1 (HIF2α) double variant in the oxygen degradation domain of EPAS1 in Angus cattle with HAPH, mean pulmonary artery pressure >50 mm Hg in two independent herds. Expression analysis shows upregulation of 26 of 27 HIF2α target genes in EPAS1 carriers with HAPH. Of interest, this variant appears to be prevalent in lowland cattle, in which 41% of a herd of 32 are carriers, but the variant may only have a phenotype when the animal is hypoxemic at altitude. The EPAS1 variant will be a tool to determine the cells and signalling pathways leading to HAPH.
Cancellation of B-integral accumulation for CPA lasers (1998)

The B-integral accumulated in a chirped-pulse-amplification (CPA) laser can be canceled using a semiconductor with a negative nonlinear index of refraction. We demonstrate this experimentally using GaAs at 1.053 /spl mu/m. The compressed-pulse duration was broadened due to self-phase modulation (SPM) of the chirped pulse. It was reduced to its unmodulated value with substantial wing reduction after passing through a semiconductor wafer before compression. Optimum semiconductor sample parameters for minimizing the B-integral such as gap energy, nonlinear and linear absorption, nonlinear refraction, and thickness for different pulse durations and intensities are discussed.
Horizontal current bipolar transistor (HCBT): a new concept of silicon bipolar transistor technology (2001)

A new concept of silicon bipolar transistor technology is proposed. The resulting horizontal current bipolar transistor (HCBT) is simulated assuming the 0.25 /spl mu/m technology. The surface of the device is smaller than conventional super-self aligned bipolar transistors. The same doping profile as in known vertical current devices is achieved by simpler technology using single polysilicon layer, without conventional epitaxial and n/sup +/ buried layers and with reduced number of lithography masks and technological steps. The simulated dc and ac characteristics of HCBT are similar to the characteristics of standard SST devices.
Susceptibility Ranking of Electrical Feeders: A Case Study (2008)

Ranking problems arise in a wide range of real world applications where an ordering on a set of examples is preferred to a classification model. These applications include collaborative filtering, information retrieval and ranking components of a system by susceptibility to failure. In this paper, we present an ongoing project to rank the feeder cables of a major metropolitan area's electrical grid according to their susceptibility to outages. We describe our framework and the application of machine learning ranking methods, using scores from Support Vector Machines (SVM), RankBoost and Martingale Boosting. Finally, we present our experimental results and the lessons learned from this challenging real-world application.
Turnable cw bulk semiconductor platelet laser (1981)

We report the first tunable laser action of a platelet semiconductor in an external cavity. We have achieved cw output powers of up to 9 mW from a CdS platelet optically pumped by an Ar+ laser at 476 nm. The energy conversion efficiency is 10% into the TEM00 mode. Tunability of the laser output was demonstrated from 495 to 501 nm using an intracavity prism with the crystal kept at a temperature of 95 K. Additional tuning to 504 nm was achieved by varying the temperature to 140 K.
MoChlo: A Versatile, Modular Cloning Toolbox for Chloroplast Biotechnology (2019)

Plant synthetic biology is a rapidly evolving field with new tools constantly emerging to drive innovation. Of particular interest is the application of synthetic biology to chloroplast biotechnology to generate plants capable of producing new metabolites, vaccines, biofuels, and high-value chemicals. Progress made in the assembly of large DNA molecules, composing multiple transcriptional units, has significantly aided in the ability to rapidly construct novel vectors for genetic engineering. In particular, Golden Gate assembly has provided a facile molecular tool for standardized assembly of synthetic genetic elements into larger DNA constructs. In this work, a complete modular chloroplast cloning system, MoChlo, was developed and validated for fast and flexible chloroplast engineering in plants. A library of 128 standardized chloroplast-specific parts (47 promoters, 38 5' untranslated regions [5'UTRs], nine promoter:5'UTR fusions, 10 3'UTRs, 14 genes of interest, and 10 chloroplast-specific destination vectors) were mined from the literature and modified for use in MoChlo assembly, along with chloroplast-specific destination vectors. The strategy was validated by assembling synthetic operons of various sizes and determining the efficiency of assembly. This method was successfully used to generate chloroplast transformation vectors containing up to seven transcriptional units in a single vector (∼10.6-kb synthetic operon). To enable researchers with limited resources to engage in chloroplast biotechnology, and to accelerate progress in the field, the entire kit, as described, is available through Addgene at minimal cost. Thus, the MoChlo kit represents a valuable tool for fast and flexible design of heterologous metabolic pathways for plastid metabolic engineering.
Microwave Plasma Etching of Si with  CF 4 and  SF 6 Gas (1982)

The Si etch rate dependences of microwave plasma etching using a or mixture on the etching parameters, such as wafer temperature, microwave power, mixing ratio of , impinging ion energy, and coverage of the Si surface with C atoms or C‐F compounds, are investigated under the low gas pressure conditions which make anisotropic etching possible. The results reveal the following: (i) The Si etch rate shows negligible dependence on the wafer temperature (50°–300°C) or microwave power greater than 80W. (ii) The Si etch rate depends heavily on the surface coverage by C atoms or C‐F compounds. Then, (carbon free etching gas) is tested and the results reveal that the Si etch rate and the selectivity to in reach 110 nm/min and 4.4–30, respectively. These values are 5.5 and 4.4–30 times larger than those for gas.
Area of Left Ventricular Regional Conduction Delay and Preserved Myocardium Predict Responses to Cardiac Resynchronization Therapy (2005)

The presence of a larger amount of LV area with late Endo-AT and preserved LV myocardium measured by electromechanical mapping could identify patients who have better acute improvement in systolic performance during LV stimulation.
Gyroscope architecture with structurally forced anti-phase drive-mode and linearly coupled anti-phase sense-mode (2009)

This paper reports, for the first time, a vibratory MEMS z-axis rate gyroscope architecture with structurally forced anti-phase drive-mode and linearly coupled, dynamically balanced anti-phase sense-mode. The new design utilizes two symmetrically-decoupled tines with drive- and sense-mode synchronization mechanisms, and prioritizes sense-mode quality factor. The levered drive-mode mechanism structurally forces the anti-phase drive-mode motion and eliminates the lower frequency spurious modes. The linearly coupled, dynamically balanced antiphase sense-mode design minimizes substrate energy dissipation. SOI prototypes characterized in vacuum demonstrated drive-mode quality factor of 67,000 and ultra-high sense-mode quality factor of 125,000, yielding mechanical scale factor of 0.4 nm/(deg/h) for mode-matched operation.
Diffractive Endoscope for Real-time Ultrahigh-resolution Volumetric OCT Imaging at 800 nm (2014)

We presented a new OCT endoscope design for ultrahigh-resolution 3D imaging at 800nm by using a diffractive microlens for chromatic aberration management. The performance of the OCT imaging catheter was demonstrated by in vivo experiments.
<i>TERT</i> promoter mutations occur frequently in gliomas and a subset of tumors derived from cells with low rates of self-renewal (2013)

Malignant cells, like all actively growing cells, must maintain their telomeres, but genetic mechanisms responsible for telomere maintenance in tumors have only recently been discovered. In particular, mutations of the telomere binding proteins alpha thalassemia/mental retardation syndrome X-linked (ATRX) or death-domain associated protein (DAXX) have been shown to underlie a telomere maintenance mechanism not involving telomerase (alternative lengthening of telomeres), and point mutations in the promoter of the telomerase reverse transcriptase (TERT) gene increase telomerase expression and have been shown to occur in melanomas and a small number of other tumors. To further define the tumor types in which this latter mechanism plays a role, we surveyed 1,230 tumors of 60 different types. We found that tumors could be divided into types with low (<15%) and high (≥15%) frequencies of TERT promoter mutations. The nine TERT-high tumor types almost always originated in tissues with relatively low rates of self renewal, including melanomas, liposarcomas, hepatocellular carcinomas, urothelial carcinomas, squamous cell carcinomas of the tongue, medulloblastomas, and subtypes of gliomas (including 83% of primary glioblastoma, the most common brain tumor type). TERT and ATRX mutations were mutually exclusive, suggesting that these two genetic mechanisms confer equivalent selective growth advantages. In addition to their implications for understanding the relationship between telomeres and tumorigenesis, TERT mutations provide a biomarker that may be useful for the early detection of urinary tract and liver tumors and aid in the classification and prognostication of brain tumors.
Paroxysmal Bundle Branch Block of Supraventricular Origin: A Possible Source of Misdiagnosis in Detecting Ventricular Tachycardia Using Time Domain Analyses of Intraventricular Electrograms (1990)

Current implantable antitachycardia devices use several methods for differentiating sinus rhythm (SR) from supraventricular tachycardia (SVT) or ventricular tachycardia (VT). These methods include sustained high rate, the rate of onset, changes in cycle length, and sudden onset. Additional methods for detecting VT include techniques based upon ventricular electrogram morphology. The morphological approach is based on the assumption that the direction of cardiac activation, as sensed by a bipolar electrode in the ventricle, is different when the patient is in SR as compared to VT. Whether paroxysmal bundle branch block of supraventricular origin (BBB) can be differentiated from VT has not been determined. In this study, we compared the morphology of the ventricular electrogram during sinus rhythm with a normal QRS (SRNIQRS) or SVT with a normal QRS (SVTNIQRS) with the morphologies of BBB and VT in 30 patients undergoing cardiac electrophysiology studies. Changes in ventricular electrogram morphology were determined using three previously proposed time domain methods for VT detection: Correlation Waveform Analysis (CWA), Area of Difference (AD), and Amplitude Distribution Analysis (ADA). CWA, AD, and ADA distinguished VT from SRNIQRS or SVTNIQRS in 16/17 (94%), 14/17 (82%), and 12/17 (71%) patients, and BBB from SRNIQRS or SVTNIQRS in 15/15 (100%), 13/15 (87%), and 6/15 (40%) patients, respectively. However, the ranges of values during BBB using these methods overlapped with ranges of values during VT in all cases for CWA, AD, and ADA. Hence, BBB may be a source of misdiagnosis in detecting VT when these time domain methods are used for ventricular electrogram analysis.