gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Cystic Fibrosis Mouse Models (2006)

Animal models of cystic fibrosis (CF) are powerful tools that enable the study of the mechanisms and complexities of human disease. Murine models have several intrinsic advantages compared with other animal models, including lower cost, maintenance, and rapid reproduction rate. Mice can be easily genetically manipulated by making transgenic or knockout mice, or by backcrossing to well-defined inbred strains in a reasonably short period of time. However, anatomic and immunologic differences between mice and humans mean that murine models have inherent limitations that must be considered when interpreting the results obtained from experimental models and applying these to the pathogenesis of CF disease in humans. This review will focus on the different CF mouse models available that represent diverse phenotypes observed in humans with CF and that can help researchers elucidate the diverse functions of the CFTR protein.
Algorithmic control of walking (2003)

The authors suggest that there are two components required in most control schemes: an algorithmic component which takes a high-level goal and generates joint trajectories, and a dynamics component which takes these joint trajectories and generates the required joint torques. The joint torques are then sent to the mechanism, which (it is hoped) achieves the high-level goal. An approach is presented which simplifies the programming of the algorithmic component for high-degree-of-freedom objects. Instead of supplying a complete set of joint trajectories as a function of time, the algorithm controls other, more intuitive, degrees of freedom. The degrees of freedom are automatically converted to the more conventional joint trajectories. The algorithm can underconstrain the object, in which case constrained optimization is used in converting to joint trajectories. This approach is applied to generate joint trajectories for a walking biped. The walking algorithm, is presented along with the results from testing with the authors' Newton simulation system (ibid., vol.3, p.1806-11).< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
HCCI Engine Control by Thermal Management (2000)

<div class="htmlview paragraph">This work investigates a control system for HCCI engines, where thermal energy from exhaust gas recirculation (EGR) and compression work in the supercharger are either recycled or rejected as needed. HCCI engine operation is analyzed with a detailed chemical kinetics code, HCT (Hydrodynamics, Chemistry and Transport), that has been extensively modified for application to engines. HCT is linked to an optimizer that determines the operating conditions that result in maximum brake thermal efficiency, while meeting the restrictions of low NO<sub>x</sub> and peak cylinder pressure. The results show the values of the operating conditions that yield optimum efficiency as a function of torque and RPM. For zero torque (idle), the optimizer determines operating conditions that result in minimum fuel consumption. The optimizer is also used for determining the maximum torque that can be obtained within the operating restrictions of NO<sub>x</sub> and peak cylinder pressure. The results show that a thermally controlled HCCI engine can successfully operate over a wide range of conditions at high efficiency and low emissions.</div>
Spatiotemporal Data Fusion Using Temporal High-Pass Modulation and Edge Primitives (2015)

Most spaceborne sensors have a tradeoff between high spatial and high temporal resolutions. This tradeoff limits the use of remote sensing data in various applications that require images in both the high spatial and high temporal resolutions. In this paper, we propose a novel technique to create a fine spatial and high temporal resolution images at a ground-based data processing system. Resourcesat-2 is one of the Indian Space Research Organization missions, and it carries the Linear Imaging Self-Scanning sensors (LISS III and LISS IV) and an Advanced Wide-Field Sensor (AWiFS) onboard. The spatial resolution of LISS III is 23.5 m, and that of AWiFS is 56 m. The temporal resolution of LISS III is 24 days, and that of AWiFS is five days. The proposed method creates a synthetic LISS-III image at 23.5-m spatial and five-day temporal resolutions. It is based on the subpixel relationship between a single AWiFS–LISS-III image pair, which is acquired before or after the prediction date. In temporal data composition, spurious spatial discontinuities are inevitable for land-cover type changes. These discontinuities were identified with temporal edge primitives and were smoothed with a spatial-profile-averaging method. A synthetic LISS-III image for time <inline-formula xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$t_{k}$</tex-math></inline-formula> is predicted from an AWiFS image at time <inline-formula xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$t_{k}$</tex-math></inline-formula> and a single AWiFS–LISS-III image pair at time <inline-formula xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$t_{0}$</tex-math></inline-formula> , where <inline-formula xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$t_{0}\ne t_{k}$</tex-math></inline-formula> . Experimental results demonstrated that the proposed method is superior in terms of the computational efficiency and prediction accuracy with the other existing methods.
Automated detection of lung nodules and coronary artery calcium using artificial intelligence on low-dose CT scans for lung cancer screening: accuracy and prognostic value (2021)

We conclude the AI prototype rapidly and accurately identifies significant risk factors for cardiopulmonary disease on standard screening low-dose chest CT. This information can be used to improve diagnostic ability, facilitate intervention, improve morbidity and mortality, and decrease healthcare costs. There is also potential application in countries with limited numbers of cardiothoracic radiologists.
Neural network to support unstructured economic decision process (1991)

The authors use an artificial neural network to support unstructured economic decision processes. Based on the features of the economic decision process and the weaknesses of the error backpropagation algorithm, they derived an improved backpropagation algorithm and applied it in a macroeconomic evaluation decision process, with better results. The improved error backpropagation algorithm overcomes the limitations of the slow convergence rate in the original backpropagation algorithm, to implement reasoning and decision making in unstructured economic decision processes.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Interfacial Mechanophore Activation Using Laser-Induced Stress Waves (2018)

A new methodology is developed to activate and characterize mechanochemical transformations at a solid interface. Maleimide-anthracene mechanophores covalently anchored at a fused silica-polymer interface are activated using laser-induced stress waves. Spallation-induced mechanophore activation is observed above a threshold activation stress of 149 MPa. The retro [4+2] cycloaddition reaction is confirmed by fluorescence microscopy, XPS, and ToF-SIMS measurements. Control experiments with specimens in which the mechanophore is not covalently attached to the polymer layer exhibit no activation. In contrast to activation in solution or bulk polymers, whereby a proportional increase in mechanophore activity is observed with applied stress, interfacial activation occurs collectively with spallation of the polymer film.
A new algorithm for solving ill conditioned linear systems (1996)

A new algorithm is presented for solving ill-conditioned linear equations. This method is radically different from conventional methods. We improve the condition of the linear equation first and then solve the well-conditioned one. The approximate solution is modified to get the exact solution. Numerical simulations show that the proposed method is effective enough to be applied to the practical finite element problems. Mathematical soundness of the algorithm is also shown. Several implementation techniques are discussed. It can be used not only for solving ill-conditioned equations but also for inverse problems and many other areas.
The variation of delays in stress-induced anisotropic polarization anomalies (1981)

Polarization anomalies in seismic shear wavetrains, diagnostic of propagation through anisotropic media, have now been observed in dilatancy zones in seismic regions. Stress-induced dilatancy will open cracks with preferred orientations, which will be effectively anisotropic to short-period seismic waves. The polarization anomalies are due to the shear waves splitting, in propagation through anisotropic media, into components with different polarizations and different velocities. This writes characteristic signatures into the shear wavetrains. The paper examines ways in which the differential shear-wave anisotropy (the delay between the split shear-waves) varies with direction by plotting stereograms of the relative delays, and their polarizations, for possible dilatancy symmetry-systems. It seems likely, that if sufficient observations of these anomalies can be obtained at each stage of the dilatancy episode, it will be possible to estimate the symmetry directions of the dilatancy and the geometry of the stress-induced crack-system, as well as monitoring the progress of the dilatancy episode.
P5J-3 Design of a Piezocomposite Matrix Transducer Configuration for Multi-Mode Operation in HIFU Applications (2007)

High Intensity Focused Ultrasound (HIFU) is now a recognized method for the non-invasive treatment of tumors, and transducers are required to have more and more capabilities. The most advanced HIFU transducers can produce enough power for thermal ablation and can also electronically steer and focus the power ultrasonic beam to create a defined volume necrosis using 2D transducer arrays. In addition, the formation of the necrosis must be controlled by monitoring the treatment through an appropriate imaging method, usually either external ultrasound imaging (UI) or magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). The proposed design, based on power piezocomposite technology, combines UI and HIFU capabilities with the same active area. To achieve this goal, the electro-acoustic structure is optimized, as well as the acoustical and electrical matching of the transducer elements. The 2D structure of the array is designed to allow both the electronic driving of the HIFU focal point into a volume and also the monitoring of the treatment through the imaging of the area of interest around the necrosis. Additional functions such as tracking the movements made during the treatment can also be carried out with elements of the array. The MRI compatibility of the whole transducer can be achieved by the right choice of materials, making the simultaneous control by MRI and UI possible. It is expected that this multi-mode matrix type of transducer has good potential for both external and endocavitary HIFU applications.
Superfast encodings for fermionic quantum simulation (2019)

Fermionic quantum simulation often require transforming the fermionic Hamiltonian to qubit operators. The authors provide a fermion-to-qubit encoding that simplifies the qubit Hamiltonian by introducing redundant degrees of freedom. This can be used to correct all single qubit errors in the simulation.
Mussel-Inspired Polydopamine Coated Hollow Carbon Microspheres, a Novel Versatile Filler for Fabrication of High Performance Syntactic Foams (2014)

Syntactic foams, which can be synthesized by mechanical mixing of hollow microspheres with a matrix material, are a special class of lightweight composite materials. Developing of high-performance syntactic foams remains challenges. In this work, a facile and environmentally friendly surface modification method employing polydopamine (PDA) as a surface treatment agent for hollow carbon microspheres (HCMs) was used, aiming to extend the application of syntactic foams to seldom touched areas. The PDA coating was used as a strategy for interfacial interaction enhancement and also as a platform for further metal coating meant for electromagnetic interference (EMI) shielding. The stronger interfacial interaction between microspheres and polymer matrix provided effective interfacial stress transfer, as a result of the syntactic foams with high strength to weight ratio. Furthermore, the PDA coating on HCMs served as a versatile platform for the growth of noble metals on the surface of PDA-HCMs. Silver nanoparticles was grown by PDA medium. The silver coated HCMs (Ag-PDA-HCMs) impacted the complex permittivity of the syntactic foams leading to high EMI shielding effectiveness (SE). The specific EMI SE reached up to 46.3 dB·cm(3)/g, demonstrated the Ag-PDA-HCMs/epoxy syntactic foam as a promising candidate for lightweight high-performance EMI shielding material.
Coordinate regulation of ribosome biogenesis and function by the ribosomal protein S6 kinase, a key mediator of mTOR function (2007)

Current understanding of the mechanisms by which cell growth is regulated lags significantly behind our knowledge of the complex processes controlling cell cycle progression. Recent studies suggest that the mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) pathway is a key regulator of cell growth via the regulation of protein synthesis. The key mTOR effectors of cell growth are eukaryotic initiation factor 4E-binding protein 1 (4EBP-1) and the ribosomal protein S6 kinase (S6K). Here we will review the current models for mTOR dependent regulation of ribosome function and biogenesis as well as its role in coordinating growth factor and nutrient signaling to facilitate homeostasis of cell growth and proliferation. We will place particular emphasis on the role of S6K1 signaling and will highlight the points of cross talk with other key growth control pathways. Finally, we will discuss the impact of S6K signaling and the consequent feedback regulation of the PI3K/Akt pathway on disease processes including cancer.
Backbone Curvature in Polythiophenes (2010)

A series of five polymers containing different benzodithiophene isomers copolymerized with alkylated dithiophene have been synthesized and characterized in terms of their semiconducting properties. Because of the different bonding geometry of the benzodithiophene monomers, a varying degree of curvature is introduced into the polymer backbone chain. The influence of this curvature on the solubility, the electronic levels, the morphology in a film, and the charge carrier mobility in organic field-effect transistors has been investigated. It turns out that an increased degree of curvature improves the solubility, but decreases the order in the film. As a result, the polymer with an intermediate degree of curvature yields the highest charge-carrier mobilities. These findings shall serve as guideline for the rational design of other semiconducting polymers.
Interlaminar Fracture of Composite Materials (1982)

Interlaminar fracture characteristics of a graphite/epoxy composite material (AS1/3501-6) are investigated under the opening, shearing and mix ed mode conditions. The Arcan test fixture was modified to accomodate the composite specimen containing an embedded interlaminar crack. Both critical stress intensity factor and strain energy release rate data were deter mined and the quadratic interaction for mixed mode behavior was compared to experimental data. Results of over sixty tests showed that the test fixture yielded results which compare favorably with results from contemporary test fixtures. Critical fracture parameters for the opening and shearing modes were shown to differ by a factor of 9.1. Further, the test results showed general agreement with the quadratic interaction relation.
Numerical analysis of Bragg polarization gratings (2019)

Here we study Bragg regime polarization gratings (PGs) using an anisotropic rigorous coupled-wave analysis method. We simulate the most important diffraction properties without paraxial approximation, including the angular, spectral, and polarization responses. We first focus on the angular and spectral bandwidths of the transmissive and reflective Bragg PGs optimized for normal incidence. The effects of material birefringence and average index of refraction were investigated. Second, we examine the nonideal Bragg PGs with nonplanar director profiles and identified degradation in optical performance due to the high tilt of the liquid crystal director. Third, we simulate the polarization response of both types of Bragg PGs and observed complicated angular dependence of the polarization output. Qualitatively, good agreement can be observed between the simulation results and prior experimental work. Finally, we fit the measured angular and polarization data to retrieve actual grating parameters and demonstrated excellent quantitative correspondence, which can be particularly useful in closing the gap between design and fabrication.
A virtual memory system for the Hewlett Packard 2100A (1977)

article A virtual memory system for the Hewlett Packard 2100A Share on Authors: R. A. Hagan Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, AustraliaView Profile , C. S. Wallace Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, AustraliaView Profile Authors Info & Claims ACM SIGARCH Computer Architecture NewsVolume 6Issue 5December 1977 pp 5–13https://doi.org/10.1145/859412.859413Online:01 December 1977Publication History 2citation122DownloadsMetricsTotal Citations2Total Downloads122Last 12 Months0Last 6 weeks0 Get Citation AlertsNew Citation Alert added!This alert has been successfully added and will be sent to:You will be notified whenever a record that you have chosen has been cited.To manage your alert preferences, click on the button below.Manage my AlertsNew Citation Alert!Please log in to your account Save to BinderSave to BinderCreate a New BinderNameCancelCreateExport CitationPublisher SiteGet Access
Conjugated polymers with tethered electron‐accepting moieties as ambipolar materials for photovoltaics (2007)

Abstract Conjugated polymers are of increasing interest as semiconductors for soft (opto)electronic devices, including photovoltaic elements. A promising conversion of solar energy into electrical energy is possible with blends of soluble electron donor‐type conjugated polymers and fullerenes as electron‐acceptor, transporting component. This approach, called bulk‐heterojunction, suggested the preparation of intrinsic ambipolar materials to control simultaneously the electronic and morphological properties. On these bases, the covalent grafting of acceptor moieties onto conjugated backbones seemed attractive for the preparation of intrinsically ambipolar polymeric materials (‘double‐cable’ polymers) as an alternative to donor–acceptor composites. The design, characterisation and application of this novel class of polymers are reviewed taking into account the current understanding of organic photovoltaics. Copyright © 2007 Society of Chemical Industry
Evaluation of Extraction Techniques for the Determination of Butyltin Compounds in Sediments Using Isotope Dilution-GC/ICPMS with <sup>118</sup>Sn and <sup>119</sup>Sn-Enriched Species (2001)

Different liquid-solid extraction techniques, including room-temperature leaching with mechanical shaking, ultrasonic, and microwave-assisted extractions, have been evaluated for the quantitative speciation of tin for mono-, di-, and tributyltin (MBT, DBT, and TBT, respectively) in PACS-2 and BCR-646 certified reference materials. A methanol-acetic acid mixture was used as the extractant reagent in all cases. For this purpose, a mixed spike containing 119Sn-enriched MBT (79.7 At%), 118Sn-enriched DBT (86.7 At%), and 119Sn-enriched TBT (83.1 At%), was synthesized, characterized, and used for isotope dilution analysis. The isotopic composition of the mixed spike was determined by gas chromatography/ICPMS after aqueous ethylation using sodium tetraethylborate, and the determination of the concentration of the different species in the spike was performed by means of reverse isotope-dilution analysis using natural MBT, DBT, and TBT standards. In the analysis of the certified sediments, the sample was spiked with the mixed spike, extracted under different conditions, derivatized with sodium tetraethylborate, and extracted into hexane, and the isotope ratios 120/118 and 120/119 were measured as peak area ratios for all butyltin species after GC/ICPMS. Mass bias was corrected using a derivatized natural standard every three sample injections. Sequential degradation reactions during extraction (from TBT to DBT, from DBT to MBT, and from MBT to inorganic tin) were assumed, and mathematical equations were developed that allowed the determination of the correct species concentration and the decomposition factor for each of the transformation reactions. For ultrasonic extraction and mechanical shaking, negligible degradation reactions were observed. However, for microwave assisted extractions, degradation factors up to 7% (TBT to DBT) and 16% (DBT to MBT) were obtained for both reference materials when high-MW energy was applied in the extraction step. For the three extraction techniques tested, the DBT and TBT concentration values obtained for PACS-2 closely matched the certified values. However, for MBT the concentrations found by microwave and ultrasonic extraction were much higher than the certified value. This was not the case for mechanical shaking. The results obtained for BCR-646 using microwave assisted extraction were in good agreement with the certified values for all tin species.
Wideband RF interconnects for organic chip packages comparison of single ended and differential transitions (2015)

Embedding of semiconductor chips into organic substrates allows a cheap and high degree of miniaturization. For RF applications the connection between chip and package is as important as the connection between package and baseboard. This paper presents both single ended and differential transitions for RF packages with special reference to what should be considered when using organic printed circuit boards (PCBs). Because of the fully impedance controlled design process the presented transitions can be used from DC to 60 GHz and guarantee best signal integrity. In addition a fast and flexible measurement of the package - baseboard transition is shown by the use of a specific contact structure. Moreover it is figured out how the discontinuities of the interconnect structure of the chip package can be localized in detail using TDR measurements.
Blood lipid and lipoprotein concentrations and colorectal cancer risk in the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition (2011)

These findings show that high concentrations of serum HDL are associated with a decreased risk of colon cancer. The mechanism behind this association needs further elucidation.