gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Characterization of the angular memory effect of scattered light in biological tissues (2015)

High resolution optical microscopy is essential in neuroscience but suffers from scattering in biological tissues and therefore grants access to superficial brain layers only. Recently developed techniques use scattered photons for imaging by exploiting angular correlations in transmitted light and could potentially increase imaging depths. But those correlations ('angular memory effect') are of a very short range and should theoretically be only present behind and not inside scattering media. From measurements on neural tissues and complementary simulations, we find that strong forward scattering in biological tissues can enhance the memory effect range and thus the possible field-of-view by more than an order of magnitude compared to isotropic scattering for ∼1 mm thick tissue layers.
Dexamethasone Attenuation of Cytokine-Mediated Articular Cartilage Degradation in Experimental Lapine Haemophilus Arthritis (1993)

The role of cytokines in the regulation of articular inflammation and cartilage degradation was evaluated in the rabbit model of Haemophilus influenzae type b arthritis. At 6 and 12 h after intraarticular infection, treatment with IB4 monoclonal antibody to the CD18 leukocyte receptor alone or in combination with dexamethasone resulted in significant reduction of synovial fluid (SF) neutrophil concentration. Treatment with dexamethasone alone was associated with lower SF concentrations of interleukin-1 (IL-1), tumor necrosis factor-alpha, and stromelysin than in other groups. At 24 h after infection, increased cartilage degradation was detected in untreated controls and in animals treated with IB4 alone or in combination with dexamethasone compared with those treated with dexamethasone alone. Multiple regression analyses indicated SF concentration of IL-1 and stromelysin as the significant predictors of cartilage degradation. These data suggest that IL-1 mediates cartilage degradation by regulation of metalloproteinases, such as stromelysin, during acute experimental bacterial arthritis.
Bacterial Spore Detection by [Tb<sup>3+</sup>(macrocycle)(dipicolinate)] Luminescence (2007)

Dipicolinic acid (DPA) is a unique constituent of bacterial spores, a dormant form of Bacillus and Clostridium, which can be detected using DPA-triggered Tb3+ luminescence. [Tb(DO2A)]+ improves the sensitivity of bacterial spore detection over Tb3+(aq) owing to the exclusion of coordinated water molecules and represents the first step toward construction of a DPA receptor site with enhanced binding selectivity. The title ternary [Tb(DO2A)(DPA)]- complex was structurally characterized and features two DO2A-DPA interligand hydrogen interactions that stabilize the complex.
Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for measurement of antibody responses to Dirofilaria immitis in experimentally infected dogs. (1981)

The chronology of the antibody response to Dirofilaria immitis was measured in 2 groups of experimentally infected Beagle dogs. An enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), using a semipurified, adult D immitis-derived antigen was used to quantitate antibody levels. Group A consisted of 4 dogs inoculated once with D immitis infective larvae, 4 dogs inoculated twice with D immitis infective larvae, and 4 noninoculated dogs. Group B consisted of 26 dogs which were all infected with D immitis; however, 16 of these were given daily prophylactic concentrations of diethylcarbamazine (DEC) beginning 5 days before inoculation. Significant levels of antibody were demonstrable 16 weeks after inoculation of group A dogs and remained significantly increased throughout the study. There were no significant differences in antibody levels in dogs inoculated once or twice. Nontreated and diethylcarbamazine-treated dogs in group B developed significant antibody titers 11 weeks after inoculation. Significant differences in antibody titers between treated and nontreated dogs were first observed 13 weeks after inoculation; these differences remained for the duration of the investigation. There was no apparent correlation between antibody levels and either adult worm numbers or microfilaria counts.
A long-reach ultra-dense 10 Gbit/s WDM-PON using a digital coherent receiver (2010)

We investigate the impact of channel spacing and nonlinear transmission over 120 km of standard single mode fiber for a 10 Gbit/s long-reach wavelength division multiplexed passive optical network (WDM-PON). We employed polarization division multiplexed quadrature phase shift keying (PDM-QPSK), which allowed data transmission at 3.125 GBaud, including a 25% overhead for forward error correction. To receive this spectrally efficient modulation format, a digital coherent receiver was employed, allowing for both frequency selectivity and an increased sensitivity of -45 dBm (25 photons/bit).We investigated a channel spacing as low as 5 GHz, for which the loss budget was 48.6 dB, increasing to 54.0 dB for a 50 GHz grid.
Scheduling techniques evaluation in LTE systems with mixed data traffic (2010)

In this paper we implement and evaluate two scheduling techniques for mixed data traffic (VoIP and Video Streaming-VS) in LTE systems. We present results regarding resources allocation and traffic evaluation (mean throughput per user) for the Best CQI scheduler and compare to those for a Round Robin (RR) scheduler. Both services are delay-critical services but by prioritizing VoIP in the Best CQI scheduler, we achieve VoIP performance comparable to that in pure VoIP system. For VS users the remaining capacity is granted according to CQI. Comparing the schedulers results the required QoS (throughput per user) is reached for a greater number of VS users with the Best CQI scheduler.
Low back pain, lead aprons, and the angiographer. (2000)

There has long been anecdotal evidence that the wearing of lead aprons for prolonged periods of time contributes to low back and neck pain in radiologists and cardiologists, particularly those performing interventional procedures. Moore et al [(1)][1] were unable to show a statistical correlation
Bootstrap your own latent: A new approach to self-supervised Learning (2020)

We introduce Bootstrap Your Own Latent (BYOL), a new approach to self-supervised image representation learning. BYOL relies on two neural networks, referred to as online and target networks, that interact and learn from each other. From an augmented view of an image, we train the online network to predict the target network representation of the same image under a different augmented view. At the same time, we update the target network with a slow-moving average of the online network. While state-of-the art methods rely on negative pairs, BYOL achieves a new state of the art without them. BYOL reaches $74.3\%$ top-1 classification accuracy on ImageNet using a linear evaluation with a ResNet-50 architecture and $79.6\%$ with a larger ResNet. We show that BYOL performs on par or better than the current state of the art on both transfer and semi-supervised benchmarks. Our implementation and pretrained models are given on GitHub.
Herbivore-induced terpenoid emission in Medicago truncatula: concerted action of jasmonate, ethylene and calcium signaling (2007)

Plant volatiles emitted by Medicago truncatula in response to feeding larvae of Spodoptera exigua are composed of a complex blend of terpenoids. The cDNAs of three terpene synthases (TPSs), which contribute to the blend of terpenoids, were cloned from M. truncatula. Their functional characterization proved MtTPS1 to be a beta-caryophyllene synthase and MtTPS5 to be a multi-product sesquiterpene synthase. MtTPS3 encodes a bifunctional enzyme producing (E)-nerolidol and geranyllinalool (precursors of C11 and C16 homoterpenes) from different prenyl diphosphates serving as substrates. The addition of jasmonic acid (JA) induced expression of the TPS genes, but terpenoid emission was higher from plants treated with JA and the ethylene precursor 1-amino-cyclopropyl-1-carboxylic acid. Compared to infested wild-type M. truncatula plants, lower amounts of various sesquiterpenes and a C11-homoterpene were released from an ethylene-insensitive mutant skl. This difference coincided with lower transcript levels of MtTPS5 and of 1-deoxy-D: -xylulose-5-phosphate synthase (MtDXS2) in the damaged skl leaves. Moreover, ethephon, an ethylene-releasing compound, modified the extent and mode of the herbivore-stimulated Ca2+ variations in the cytoplasm that is necessary for both JA and terpene biosynthesis. Thus, ethylene contributes to the herbivory-induced terpenoid biosynthesis at least twice: by modulating both early signaling events such as cytoplasmic Ca2+-influx and the downstream JA-dependent biosynthesis of terpenoids.
Colorimetric and fluorescent sensing of pyrophosphate in 100% aqueous solution by a system comprised of rhodamine B compound and Al3+ complex (2010)

We developed a simple dual signal (color and 'Off-On' fluorescent change) ensemble system based on the complex between a rhodamine derivative 1 and Al(3+) for the detection of pyrophosphate (PPi) in 100% aqueous solutions. The complex between the rhodamine compound and Al(3+) was utilized as a chemosensing ensemble for the first time. The ensemble showed highly sensitive and selective fluorescent and colorimetric response to pyrophosphate among the anions in 100% aqueous solutions and no interference of the potent biological competitors including ATP, ADP, and phosphate for the detection of PPi in 100% aqueous solutions at pH 7.4.
Fluid–Structure Interaction Modeling of Vertical-Axis Wind Turbines (2014)

Full-scale, 3D, time-dependent aerodynamics and fluid–structure interaction (FSI) simulations of a Darrieus-type vertical-axis wind turbine (VAWT) are presented. A structural model of the Windspire VAWT (Windspire energy, http://www.windspireenergy.com/) is developed, which makes use of the recently proposed rotation-free Kirchhoff–Love shell and beam/cable formulations. A moving-domain finite-element-based ALE-VMS (arbitrary Lagrangian–Eulerian-variational-multiscale) formulation is employed for the aerodynamics in combination with the sliding-interface formulation to handle the VAWT mechanical components in relative motion. The sliding-interface formulation is augmented to handle nonstationary cylindrical sliding interfaces, which are needed for the FSI modeling of VAWTs. The computational results presented show good agreement with the field-test data. Additionally, several scenarios are considered to investigate the transient VAWT response and the issues related to self-starting.
Statistical Geometric Features for Texture Classification (1995)

This paper proposes a novel set of 16 features based on the statistics of geometrical attributes of connected regions in a sequence of binary images obtained from a texture image.Systematic comparison using all the Brodatz textures shows that the new set achieves a higher correct classification rate than the well-known Statistical Gray Level Dependence Matrix method, the recently proposed Statistical Feature Matrix, and Liu's features.The deterioration in performance with the increase in the number of textures in the set is less with the new SGF features than with the other methods, indicating that SGF is capable of handling a larger texture population.The new method's performance under additive noise is also shown to be the best of the four. Texture analvsisFeature extraction Statistical features Geometrical features Additive noise
Carbohydrates regulate the dimerization of angiotensin‐converting enzyme (1998)

Regulation of the catalytic activity and supramolecular structure of angiotensin-converting enzyme was studied in reverse micelles of Aerosol OT in octane as biomembrane model. The kinetic experiments and the sedimentation analysis demonstrated that the enzyme can function both in monomeric and dimeric form. The degree of dimerization was strongly dependent on the concentration and structure of mono- and disaccharides added to the media, indicating the specific role of carbohydrates in forming the supramolecular structure of angiotensin-converting enzyme. The existence of carbohydrate-binding center on the enzyme molecule is proposed.
Enhanced frequency-domain adaptive algorithm for stereo echo cancellation (2002)

Highly cross-correlated input signals create the problem of slow convergence of misalignment in stereo echo cancellation even after undergoing non-linear preprocessing. We propose a new frequency-domain adaptive algorithm that improves the convergence rate by increasing the contribution of non-linearity in the adjustment vector. Computer simulation showed that it is effective when the non-linearity gain is small.
Plastic solid waste identification system based on near infrared spectroscopy in combination with support vector machine (2019)

In this paper, identification system of plastic solid waste (PSW) based on near-infrared (NIR) reflectance spectroscopy in combination with Support Vector Machine (SVM) was presented. A device applied to obtain NIR spectra of plastics in the detection platform was developed. After pre-processing (normalized, 1st derivative and smooth), the repeatability of spectral absorption features was improved, which would assist the identification. A “principal component analysis (PCA)SVM” identification method was proposed to identify polypropylene (PP), polystyrene (PS), polyethylene (PE), poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA), acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (ABS) and polyethylene terephthalate (PET) among plastics, and its identification accuracy can reach 97.5%. The type of samples could clearly be identified and the shape of samples could also be roughly discerned. It is clearly shown that this system can achieve good identification results while reducing costs considerably, which has great potential in industrial recycling. Keywords: Plastic identification, Near-infrared spectroscopy, Principal component analysis, Support vector machine
Percutaneous and Limited Open Reduction of the Articular Surface of the Distal Radius (1991)

Between 1979 and 1986, 40 patients with intraarticular fractures of the distal radius, in which anatomic reduction could not be obtained by closed manipulation or external fixation, underwent a combination of percutaneous and/or limited open reduction techniques to restore articular congruity. All 40 patients' radiographs that were retrospectively reviewed with an average follow-up of 4 years showed satisfactory extraarticular alignment in 85% of cases, and 37 patients (92.5%) demonstrated an articular step-off of less than or equal to 1 mm. Thirty-one patients retrieved for follow-up had a good functional result. The treatment goals of intraarticular fractures of the distal radius are anatomic restoration of the joint surface and optimal fixation to maintain reduction in an effort to prevent posttraumatic arthrosis of the wrist.
Benzoyl Coenzyme A Pathway-Mediated Metabolism of <i>meta</i> -Hydroxy-Aromatic Acids in Rhodopseudomonas palustris (2013)

Photoheterotrophic metabolism of two meta-hydroxy-aromatic acids, meta-, para-dihydroxybenzoate (protocatechuate) and meta-hydroxybenzoate, was investigated in Rhodopseudomonas palustris. When protocatechuate was the sole organic carbon source, photoheterotrophic growth in R. palustris was slow relative to cells using compounds known to be metabolized by the benzoyl coenzyme A (benzoyl-CoA) pathway. R. palustris was unable to grow when meta-hydroxybenzoate was provided as a sole source of organic carbon under photoheterotrophic growth conditions. However, in cultures supplemented with known benzoyl-CoA pathway inducers (para-hydroxybenzoate, benzoate, or cyclohexanoate), protocatechuate and meta-hydroxybenzoate were taken up from the culture medium. Further, protocatechuate and meta-hydroxybenzoate were each removed from cultures containing both meta-hydroxy-aromatic acids at equimolar concentrations in the absence of other organic compounds. Analysis of changes in culture optical density and in the concentration of soluble organic compounds indicated that the loss of these meta-hydroxy-aromatic acids was accompanied by biomass production. Additional experiments with defined mutants demonstrated that enzymes known to participate in the dehydroxylation of para-hydroxybenzoyl-CoA (HbaBCD) and reductive dearomatization of benzoyl-CoA (BadDEFG) were required for metabolism of protocatechuate and meta-hydroxybenzoate. These findings indicate that, under photoheterotrophic growth conditions, R. palustris can degrade meta-hydroxy-aromatic acids via the benzoyl-CoA pathway, apparently due to the promiscuity of the enzymes involved.
Antimalarial drug resistance: the pace quickens (1992)

For an infection affecting approximately 5% of the World's population at any time, and killing between one and two million children each year, there are remarkably few drugs available for the treatment of falciparum malaria. Traditionally, antimalarial drug research has been stimulated by wars in tropical malarious areas involving economically-powerful temperate-climate powers. Armies fighting in the tropics lose more soldiers to malaria than bullets (Melville, 1911). The Second World War and the conflict in Vietnam brought us most of the drugs available today. The list is small, and the parasite has not been idle: Plasmodium falciparum has now developed resistance to all of our available drugs. The situation is particularly bad in South-East Asia.
Debugging Big Data Analytics in Spark with <i>BigDebug</i> (2017)

To process massive quantities of data, developers leverage Data-Intensive Scalable Computing (DISC) systems such as Apache Spark. In terms of debugging, DISC systems support only post-mortem log analysis and do not provide any debugging functionality. This demonstration paper showcases BigDebug: a tool enhancing Apache Spark with a set of interactive debugging features that can help users in debug their Big Data Applications.
Simulation of laser heating distribution for a thermoplastic composite: effects of AFP head parameters (2020)

Abstract Laser-assisted automated fiber placement (AFP) is highly suitable for an efficient production of thermoplastic-matrix composite parts, especially for aeronautic/aerospace applications. Heat input by laser heating provides many advantages such as better temperature controls and uniform heating projections. However, this laser beam distribution can be affected by the AFP head system, mainly at the roller level. In this paper, a new optico-thermal model is established to evaluate the laser energy quantity absorbed by a poly(ether ether ketone) reinforced with carbon fibers (APC-2). During the simulation process, the illuminated radiative material properties are characterized and evaluated in terms of the roller deformation, the tilt of the robot head, and the reflection phenomenon between the substrate and the incoming tape. After computing the radiative source term using a ray-tracing method, these data are used to predict the temperature distribution on both heated surfaces of the composite during the process. The results show that both the roller deformation and the tilt of head make it possible to focus the laser beam on a small area, which considerably affects the quality of the finished part. These findings demonstrate that this optico-thermal model can be used to predict numerically the insufficient heating area and thermoplastic composites heating law.
Adaptive Cardinality Estimation (2017)

In this paper we address cardinality estimation problem which is an important subproblem in query optimization. Query optimization is a part of every relational DBMS responsible for finding the best way of the execution for the given query. These ways are called plans. The execution time of different plans may differ by several orders, so query optimizer has a great influence on the whole DBMS performance. We consider cost-based query optimization approach as the most popular one. It was observed that cost-based optimization quality depends much on cardinality estimation quality. Cardinality of the plan node is the number of tuples returned by it. In the paper we propose a novel cardinality estimation approach with the use of machine learning methods. The main point of the approach is using query execution statistics of the previously executed queries to improve cardinality estimations. We called this approach adaptive cardinality estimation to reflect this point. The approach is general, flexible, and easy to implement. The experimental evaluation shows that this approach significantly increases the quality of cardinality estimation, and therefore increases the DBMS performance for some queries by several times or even by several dozens of times.
Authentication handover and privacy protection in 5G hetnets using software-defined networking (2015)

Recently, densified small cell deployment with overlay coverage through coexisting heterogeneous networks has emerged as a viable solution for 5G mobile networks. However, this multi-tier architecture along with stringent latency requirements in 5G brings new challenges in security provisioning due to the potential frequent handovers and authentications in 5G small cells and HetNets. In this article, we review related studies and introduce SDN into 5G as a platform to enable efficient authentication hand-over and privacy protection. Our objective is to simplify authentication handover by global management of 5G HetNets through sharing of userdependent security context information among related access points. We demonstrate that SDN-enabled security solutions are highly efficient through its centralized control capability, which is essential for delay-constrained 5G communications.
The real response of bone to exercise (2003)

This review presents findings made in studies of large mammalian bones, especially from racehorse training experiments (2-8 years old, third metacarpal, tarsal) and human autopsy orthopaedic femoral implant retrievals and other human biopsy and autopsy cases. Samples were cleaned to analyse mineralized matrix in three dimensions, or poly methyl-methacrylate embedded and micromilled to delete topography and study the superficial c. 0.5-microm two-dimensional section using quantitative backscattered electron imaging. With experimental implant studies in rabbits, observations were also made in vivo using confocal microscopy. Cracks in both calcified cartilage and bone may be removed by infilling with calcified matrix. This may be a general repair mechanism for calcified connective tissue crack repair. The fraction of the organ volume occupied by any form of bone tissue in equine distal third metacarpal extremities was increased in the more exercised groups by bone deposited within former marrow adipocytic space. Where deposited upon prior lamellar bone surfaces, this occurred without the intervention of prior resorption and without the formation of a hypermineralized cement line. Exercise inhibited osteoclastic resorption at external anatomical growth modelling sites where it normally occurs. Addition is not coupled to time-wasting resorption: both internally and externally, it occurs both by layering on existing cancellous surfaces and by creation of new immature scaffold, with de novo incorporation of a rich, capillary blood vessel supply. The real response within bone organs subjected to mechanical overload exercise within normal physiological limits is to make more, and to lose less, bone.