gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Highly sensitive ultraviolet detector based on ZnO/LiNbO3 hybrid surface acoustic wave filter (2003)

Fabrication of a highly-sensitive UV detector based on the surface-acoustic-wave (SAW) principle is reported. The output voltage of the SAW oscillator constructed with a ZnO/LiNbO3 hybrid SAW filter was found to decrease linearly with increasing UV light intensity, and a very low intensity UV light of 10 μW/cm2 was detected easily. Our results show its potential use in wireless UV measurement systems.
Hedgehog Agonist Therapy Corrects Structural and Cognitive Deficits in a Down Syndrome Mouse Model (2013)

Down syndrome (DS) is among the most frequent genetic causes of intellectual disability, and ameliorating this deficit is a major goal in support of people with trisomy 21. The Ts65Dn mouse recapitulates some major brain structural and behavioral phenotypes of DS, including reduced size and cellularity of the cerebellum and learning deficits associated with the hippocampus. We show that a single treatment of newborn mice with the Sonic hedgehog pathway agonist SAG 1.1 (SAG) results in normal cerebellar morphology in adults. Further, SAG treatment at birth rescued phenotypes associated with hippocampal deficits that occur in untreated adult Ts65Dn mice. This treatment resulted in behavioral improvements and normalized performance in the Morris water maze task for learning and memory. SAG treatment also produced physiological effects and partially rescued both N-methyl-d-aspartate (NMDA) receptor-dependent synaptic plasticity and NMDA/AMPA receptor ratio, physiological measures associated with memory. These outcomes confirm an important role for the hedgehog pathway in cerebellar development and raise the possibility for its direct influence in hippocampal function. The positive results from this approach suggest a possible direction for therapeutic intervention to improve cognitive function for this population.
The effect of phenolic glycolipid-1 from Mycobacterium leprae on the antimicrobial activity of human macrophages. (1988)

Purified PGL-1 and dPGL from M. leprae can prevent bacterial killing by intact phagocytes and cell-free antimicrobial systems. Both glycolipids completely abolished the antimicrobial effect of the acetaldehyde-XO-Fe2+ system. Because the cytotoxicity of this system is inhibited by catalase, SOD, mannitol, and ethanol, but not by heated SOD or catalase, these data suggest that toxicity is due to OH. generated by the Haber-Weiss reaction. That the antimicrobial killing in the XO system is completely blocked by the addition of PGL-1 or dPGL suggests that these glycolipids can act as OH. scavengers. A modest protective effect against the cytotoxicity of the MPO-H2O2-halide system by both PGL-1 and dPGL was also observed. The antimicrobial activity of the MPO system was abolished with chloride, but not iodide, as the halide. The effect of the M. leprae-derived glycolipid on bacterial killing by intact phagocytes was examined. Two linking antibodies were used to bind the dPGL to a rapidly growing test organism, S. aureus, a murine IgM mAb specific for the terminal glycoside of PGL-1, and a rabbit IgG anti-mouse IgM which bound the staphylococcal protein A via its Fc region. Examination by transmission EM of human monocyte-derived macrophages which had ingested staphylococci either coated with both antibodies and dPGL, or coated only with the IgG and IgM antibodies, demonstrated the presence of bacteria in phagosomes of control and IFN-gamma-activated macrophages. Activation of the macrophage monolayers by pretreatment with IFN-gamma markedly increased their staphylocidal activity. When dPGL coated staphylococci were ingested, killing by both control and IFN-gamma-activated macrophages was completely blocked. These results, suggesting that PGL-1 can scavenge reactive oxygen species and prevent microbial death within the phagosome, may in part explain the intracellular survival of M. leprae in certain cell types.
Focus: A Multifaceted Battle Against Cancer: The Biology of Cancer (2015)

The field of cancer biology is a dynamic and rapidly expanding one, with new and exciting discoveries being made each day. Therefore, there is a strong need for a comprehensive guide that discusses not only the basics of cancer biology but also brings to the forefront new developments in the field. What sets the second edition of this popular textbook apart from its predecessor is the current information it provides about all areas of the field of cancer biology, including molecular biology, tumor immunology and cancer cell biology, and cell signaling. While it aims to provide broad, basic information on a variety of topics in cancer biology, this textbook emphasizes the molecular aspects of cancer.

The chapters are arranged in a good chronological sequence, which makes the book very easy to read and understand. The author, Robert A. Weinberg, a stalwart in the field of cancer biology, uses a clear, lucid writing style as well as excellent illustrations. The latter engage the reader and make it easy to understand concepts. In each chapter, once a concept is introduced, thought-provoking questions are posed to enable the reader to thoroughly understand the ideas put forth. More importantly, several examples are provided to illustrate the clinical application of each concept. Each chapter uses sidebars to describe important ideas and methodologies. The easy accessibility of this information is advantageous, as the reader does not have to sift through additional material. Furthermore, the illustrations and videos on the DVD are a great asset to visual learners.

This textbook would appeal to a diverse group of readers, including undergraduates, medical and graduate students, and researchers. In addition to being fairly detailed on basic concepts, the book is not overloaded with jargon. This makes it possible for even a layperson with little or no scientific background to grasp and understand the concepts. Overall, this book is an outstanding compilation of all of the important topics of cancer biology and a valuable asset to both the researcher and student.
Investigating the effects of age and disengagement in driving on driver’s takeover control performance in highly automated vehicles (2019)

Driving is closely linked to older people’s mobility and independence. However, age-related functional decline reduces their safe driving abilities and thereby their wellbeing may decline. The rapid development of vehicle automation has the potential to enhance the mobility of older drivers by enabling them to continue driving safer for longer. So far only limited work has been carried out to study older drivers’ interaction with highly automated vehicles (HAV). This study investigates the effect of age and level of driving disengagement on the takeover control performance in HAV. A driving simulation study with 76 drivers has been conducted. Results showed that 20 s was sufficient for drivers to take over control from HAV. Older drivers take longer to respond and make decisions than younger drivers. The age effect on some aspects of takeover quality, in terms of operating steering wheel and pedals, is still pronounced. In addition, complete disengagement in driving in HAV leads to a longer takeover time and worse takeover quality, and it affects older drivers more seriously than younger drivers. The results highlight that an age-friendly design of human-machine interaction is important for enhancing the safety and comfort of older drivers when interacting with HAVs.
Arousal Increases Social Transmission of Information (2011)

Social transmission is everywhere. Friends talk about restaurants, policy wonks rant about legislation, analysts trade stock tips, neighbors gossip, and teens chitchat. Further, such interpersonal communication affects everything from decision making and well-being (Asch, 1956; Mehl, Vazire, Holleran, & Clark, 2010) to the spread of ideas, the persistence of stereotypes, and the diffusion of culture (Heath, 1996; Heath, Bell, & Sternberg, 2001; Kashima, 2008; Schaller, Conway, & Tanchuk, 2002; Schaller & Crandall, 2004). But although it is clear that social transmission is both frequent and important, what drives people to share, and why are some stories and information shared more than others?
Intermetallic Pd<sub>3</sub>Pb nanowire networks boost ethanol oxidation and oxygen reduction reactions with significantly improved methanol tolerance (2017)

Intermetallic nanocrystals are currently receiving extensive attention due to their well-defined crystal structures, highly ordered atomic distribution and superior structural stability that endow them with optimized catalytic activities, stabilities and high selectivity for use as electrocatalysts for fuel cells.
On the Selective<i>N</i>-Methylation of BOC-Protected Amino Acids (2009)

The selective N-methylation of BOC-protected valine 1a with MeI and NaH in THF (i.e., in the presence of a free carboxyl group) has been attributed to the protection of the carboxylate by chelation to Na(+). An alternative mechanism, involving the formation of the carbene intermediate generated from MeI and its insertion into the N-H bond, has been ruled out by isotopic labeling.
3-D time-variant dip moveout by the f-k method (1993)

Abstract The standard seismic imaging sequence consists of normal moveout (NMO), dip moveout (DMO), stack, and zero-offset migration. Conventional NMO and DMO processes remove much of the effect of offset from prestack data, but the constant velocity assumption in most DMO algorithms can compromise the ultimate results. Time-variant DMO avoids the constant velocity assumption to create better stacks, especially for steeply dipping events.Time-variant DMO can be implemented as a 3-D, f-k domain process using the dip decomposition method. Prestack data are moved out with a set of NMO velocities corresponding to discrete values of in-line and crossline dips. The dip-dependent NMO velocity is computed to remove the trace offset and azimuth dependence of event times for an arbitrary velocity function of depth. After stacking the moved out CMP gathers, a three-dimensional (3-D) dip filter is applied to select the particular in-line and crossline dip. The final zero-offset image is obtained by summing all the dip-filtered sections.This process generates a saddle-shaped 3-D impulse response for a constant velocity gradient. The impulse response is more complicated for a general depth-variable velocity function, where the response exhibits secondary branches, or triplications, at steeper dips. These complicated impulse responses, including amplitude and phase effects, are implicitly produced by the f-k process.The dip-decomposition method of 3-D time-variant DMO is an efficient and accurate process to correct for the effect of offset in the presence of an arbitrary velocity variation with depth. The impulse response of this process implicitly contains complex features like a 3-D saddle shape, triplications, amplitude, and phase. Field data from the Gulf of Mexico shows significant improvement on a steep salt flank event.
Toward a Theory of Continuous Improvement and the Learning Curve (1998)

Continuous improvement (CI) unceasingly strives to improve the performance of production and service firms. The learning curve (LC) provides1988 Department of Industrial Engineering and a means to observe and track that improvement. At present, however, the concepts of CI are abstract and imprecise and the rationale underpinning the LC is obscure. For managers to improve processes effectively, they need a more scientific theory of CI and the LC. This paper begins to develop such a theory. Our approach is based on learning cycles, that is, in each period management takes an action to improve the process, observes the results, and thereby learns how to improve the process further over time. This analysis suggests a differential equation that not only characterizes continuous improvement but also reveals how learning might occur in the learning curve. This differential equation might help management to evaluate the effectiveness of various procedures and to improve and enhance industrial processes more quickly.
Selective Synthesis of <b><i>ent</i></b>-15-<b><i>epi</i></b>-F<sub>2t</sub>-Isoprostane and a Deuterated Derivative (2007)

Isoprostanes are an emerging class of lipid metabolites whose physiological properties are not well understood. The selective synthesis of ent-15-epi-F2t-isoprostane, an isomer active in a preliminary screening assay is described. The synthesis features a regioselective cross-metathesis on an enantiomerically enriched divinyl cyclopentyl intermediate to selectively differentiate the side-chains of the target. The route provides the isoprostane, as well as a d 4-labeled analogue, in 14 steps from readily available starting material­s.
Infrared Spectroscopic Study of the Cryogenic Thin Film and Matrix-Isolated Complexes of TiCl4 with NH3 and (CH3)3N (1995)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTInfrared Spectroscopic Study of the Cryogenic Thin Film and Matrix-Isolated Complexes of TiCl4 with NH3 and (CH3)3NJennifer B. Everhart and Bruce S. AultCite this: Inorg. Chem. 1995, 34, 17, 4379–4384Publication Date (Print):August 1, 1995Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 August 1995https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ic00121a016https://doi.org/10.1021/ic00121a016research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views76Altmetric-Citations13LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Theory of friction and boundary lubrication (1993)

When an external force acts on an adsorbate structure, the structure may slide or flow relative to the substrate. The mechanism behind this sliding motion is of fundamental importance for the understanding of friction and lubrication between two flat macroscopic surfaces, and is also related to the question of what boundary condition should be used for the velocity field at a solid-liquid interface when solving the Navier-Stokes equations of fluid dynamics. Here I study the friction which occurs when adsorbate structures slide on surfaces. I present results of simulations based on Langevin or Brownian-motion dynamics, where the dependence of the linear sliding friction on the temperature and on the coverage is studied. I also present results for the nonlinear (in the external driving force) sliding friction, which is found to exhibit hysteresis giving rise to the well-known phenomenon of ``stick-and-slip'' motion. The theory predicts that for a class of sliding systems the ratio ${\mathit{f}}_{\mathit{k}}$/${\mathit{f}}_{\mathit{s}}$ between the kinetic and the static friction coefficient should equal 1/2, in good agreement with experimental data.
Wideband mm-wave Non-diffracting Airy Beam Forming (2018)

We show the generation of 2D-Airy beams at mm wavelengths using a cubic phase spatial wave modulator. A cubic phase plate of dimensions 24.5x24.5 cm is designed to generate a non-diffracting Airy beam for a propagation distance of 40 m at 10 mm wavelength while achieving a maximum deviation of 33 cm. The cubic phase plate forms Airy beams from 5 GHz to more than 70 GHz resulting in, at least, 14:1 bandwidth for operation with corresponding beam deviation of 80 cm to 5 cm, respectively. Propagation of the non-diffracting Airy beam is simulated using the Fourier beam propagation method. Numerical results for plane wave and Gaussian beam excitations are presented and compared with the corresponding analytical solutions.
Evaluation of Sacroiliac Joint Interventions: ASystematic Appraisal of the Literature (2009)

The indicated evidence for the validity of diagnostic sacroiliac joint injections is Level II-2. The evidence for the accuracy of provocative maneuvers in the diagnosing of sacroiliac joint pain is limited (Level II-3). The evidence for radiofrequency neurotomy is also limited (Level II-3).
Mesenchymal stem cells release exosomes that transfer miRNAs to endothelial cells and promote angiogenesis (2017)

Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have been found to benefit patients with a variety of ischemic diseases via promoting angiogenesis. It is also well established that exosomes secreted from MSCs deliver bioactive molecules, including microRNAs (miRs) to recipient cells. Therefore, we hypothesized that exosomes secreted from MSCs deliver miRs into endothelial cells and mediate angiogenesis. The pro-angiogenic stimulatory capacity of exosomes was investigated using tube-like structure formation and spheroid-based sprouting of human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs), and in vivo Matrigel plug assay. The secretion of pro-angiogenic miRs (pro-angiomiRs) from MSCs into culture medium and transfer of the miRs to HUVECs were confirmed using real-time quantitative PCR. Supplementation of the exosome secretion blocker GW4869 (10 μM) reduced the pro-angiomiRs in the MSC-derived conditioned medium (CdMMSC). Addition of exosomes isolated from CdMMSC could directly 1) promote HUVEC tube-like structure formation in vitro; 2) mobilize endothelial cells into Matrigel plug subcutaneously transplanted into mice; and 3) increase blood flow inside Matrigel plug. Fluorescence tracking showed that the exosomes were internalized rapidly by HUVECs causing an upregulated expression of pro-angiomiRs in HUVECs. Loss-and-gain function of the pro-angiomiRs (e.g., miR-30b) in MSCs significantly altered the pro-angiogenic properties of these MSC-derived exosomes, which could be associated with the regulation of their targets in HUVECs. These results suggest that exosomal transfer of pro-angiogenic miRs plays an important role in MSC mediated angiogenesis and stem cell-to-endothelial cell communication.
Genetic and Biochemical Studies with Herpesvirus (1974)

Two strains of herpes simplex virus (17, a typical type 1 strain, and HSG 52, a typical type 2 strain) are used in our Institute in Glasgow for the detailed study of the genetics and biochemistry of this large DNA virus. Each strain was initially purified by repeated single-plaque isolation, and this cloned virus was then used for isolating the mutants described in this paper.
Application of a new perchloric acid treatment method to measure endotoxin in both amniotic fluid and cord blood by an endotoxin‐specific chromogenic <i>Limulus</i> test in intra‐amniotic infection (1996)

Endotoxin in both amniotic fluid and cord blood was measured to detect intra-amniotic fetal infection. Both amniotic fluid and cord blood plasma were pretreated by a perchloric acid treatment, and the endotoxin level was measured by Endospecy test. Cut off values for endotoxin in amniotic fluid and cord blood were 8.5 pg/mL and 7.6 pg/mL, respectively. Escherichia coli intra-amniotic infection caused respiratory distress syndrome (RDS)-mimicking pneumonia. Abnormally high values of endotoxin in both amniotic fluid and cord blood were detected. Intra-amniotic infection caused by Gram-positive bacteria (group B streptococci, Enterococcus fecalis) was shown to be endotoxin negative in both amniotic fluid and cord blood. In cases of negative amniotic fluid culture, measurement of the value of endotoxin in the amniotic fluid is useful in identifying intra-amniotic fetal infection.
Power Averaging for Block Effective Permeability (1986)

ABSTRACT A binary type permeability distribution with spatial autocorrelation is introduced to model the transition between shales and sand in a reservoir. The contrast between the two modal permeability values can be made realistically high, and the autocorrelation ranges can be made realistically large and anisotropic. A steady state, single phase flow simulation is run over a network whose block grids are informed from the previous permeability distribution. The resulting network effective permeabilities are plotted vs. the shale proportion and show that a power averaging process would yield a good estimate much more accurate than either the arithmetic average (power 1) or geometric average (power 0) traditionally used. Connections with percolation theory results are indicated.
The US Space Station programme (1985)

The Manned Space Station (MSS) involves NASA, and other countries, in the operation, maintenance and expansion of a permanent space facility. The extensive use of automation and robotics will advance those fields, and experimentation will be carried out in scientific and potentially commercial projects. The MSS will provide a base for astronomical observations, spacecraft assembly, refurbishment and repair, transportation intersection, staging for interplanetary exploration, and storage. Finally, MSS operations will be performed semi-autonomously from ground control. Phase B analysis is nearing completion, and precedes hardware development. Studies are being performed on generic advanced technologies which can reliably and flexibly be incorporated into the MSS, such as attitude control and stabilization, power, thermal, environmental and life support control, auxiliary propulsion, data management, etc. Guidelines are also being formulated regarding the areas of participation by other nations.
Pharmacokinetics of alprazolam. (1983)

The metabolic profile and human pharmacokinetics of alprazolam, a benzodiazepine of unique chemical structure, are discussed. Alprazolam's pharmacokinetics may be altered by age and sex, body weight, and concurrent treatment with cimetidine. The unique structure of alprazolam may be associated with a wider range of biologic activity than is seen with other benzodiazepines.
Follow-Me Cloud: When Cloud Services Follow Mobile Users (2016)

The trend towards the cloudification of the 3GPP LTE mobile network architecture and the emergence of federated cloud infrastructures call for alternative service delivery strategies for improved user experience and efficient resource utilization. We propose Follow-Me Cloud (FMC), a design tailored to this environment, but with a broader applicability, which allows mobile users to always be connected via the optimal data anchor and mobility gateways, while cloud-based services follow them and are delivered via the optimal service point inside the cloud infrastructure. Follow-Me Cloud applies a Markov-decision-process-based algorithm for cost-effective performance-optimized service migration decisions, while two alternative schemes to ensure service continuity and disruption-free operation are proposed, based on either software defined networking technologies or the locator/identifier separation protocol. Numerical results from our analytic model for follow-me cloud, as well as testbed experiments with the two alternative follow-me cloud implementations we have developed, demonstrate quantitatively and qualitatively the advantages it can bring about.