gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Subcutaneous Interstitial Fluid Albumin Concentration in Long-Term Diabetes Mellitus (1973)

By a wick method human interstitial fluid was collected from the subcutaneous tissue of the forearm. 12 normal men had an average interstitial fluid albumin concentration of 2.66 g/100 ml (S.D. 0.30) and a ratio between interstitial albumin concentration and serum albumin concentration of 0.63 (S.D. 0.09). 8 male, juvenile long-term diabetics, matched for age, had the corresponding values of 1.46 g/100 ml (S.D. 0.47) and 0.38 (S.D. 0.12) respectively (p < 0.001). In 3 male juvenile short-term diabetics normal values were found. In view of other reports pointing to increased microvascular albumin permeability in long-term diabetes, the results suggest a much enhanced net water flux (lymph formation) in the tissue studied.
Recent Advances in the Synthesis of Biologically Active Compounds Containing Benzo[b]Furans as a Framework (2015)

Benzofuran derivatives are the scaffold of many natural products, many of which are biologically active and/or found to have high potential as pharmacological agents. Therefore, benzofuran derivatives are expected to be invaluable moieties as far as biology and pharmacology are concerned. In this review, we try to highlight the recent advances in the synthetic approaches to a wide variety of its derivatives in particular those showing biological activity.<b></b><br>
Load Balancing in Cloud Computing Environment Using Improved Weighted Round Robin Algorithm for Nonpreemptive Dependent Tasks (2016)

Cloud computing uses the concepts of scheduling and load balancing to migrate tasks to underutilized VMs for effectively sharing the resources. The scheduling of the nonpreemptive tasks in the cloud computing environment is an irrecoverable restraint and hence it has to be assigned to the most appropriate VMs at the initial placement itself. Practically, the arrived jobs consist of multiple interdependent tasks and they may execute the independent tasks in multiple VMs or in the same VM's multiple cores. Also, the jobs arrive during the run time of the server in varying random intervals under various load conditions. The participating heterogeneous resources are managed by allocating the tasks to appropriate resources by static or dynamic scheduling to make the cloud computing more efficient and thus it improves the user satisfaction. Objective of this work is to introduce and evaluate the proposed scheduling and load balancing algorithm by considering the capabilities of each virtual machine (VM), the task length of each requested job, and the interdependency of multiple tasks. Performance of the proposed algorithm is studied by comparing with the existing methods.
Carbocyclic Isoadenosine Analogues of Neplanocin A (2003)

[structure: see text] Isoadenosine (IsoA), a structural isomer of adenosine, was shown to possess interesting biological activity but was inherently unstable. In an effort to overcome this, we have designed a series of carbocyclic IsoA analogues, combining the unique connectivity of IsoA with the structural features of some biologically significant Neplanocin A analogues. Their design, synthesis, and structural elucidation is reported.
<title>Design and implementation of a digital TV transport system</title> (1995)

We, in ETRI, have developed a real-time digital TV (DTV) system for direct broadcasting satellite (DBS) service. In this paper, we described hardware design and implementation of a DTV transport system, which is based on the MPEG-2 system specification. We also explain the system architecture and design considerations behind the development of the hardware system with field programmable gate arrays (FPGAs).
Energy-Efficient Device-to-Device Edge Computing Network: An Approach Offloading Both Traffic and Computation (2018)

Edge computing is expected to enable the cloud computing services in proximity and leverage the computational capacities at the edge of a network. Driven by massive data-hungry and energy-hungry applications, future wireless networks will need to provide various cloud-based multimedia services in a "greener" manner. However, limited computing capacity, wireless resources, and power supply prevent edge computing from evolving and maturing in terms of high sustainability and energy efficiency. In this article, we attempt to further improve the energy-efficient communication in mobile edge computing by proposing a device-to-device (D2D) offloading architecture. The D2D technique, in line with mobile edge computing, is responsible for offloading wireless traffic as well as computational tasks. Cooperative relay-aided transmission is also used in this architecture to pursue further improvements in a multi-cell scenario. Finally, offloading and balancing technologies are introduced to increase the total energy efficiency, decrease the inter/ intra-cell interference, deal with traffic/computational congestion, and provide better services to end users.
Interactively stylizing camera motion (2014)

Movie directors and cinematographers impart style onto video using techniques that are learned through years of experience: camera movement, framing, color, lighting, etc. Without this experience and expensive equipment, it is very difficult to control stylistic aspects of a video. We introduce a novel approach for post-hoc editing of one specific aspect of cinematography -- camera motion style -- via an equalizer-like set of controls that manipulates the power spectra of a video's apparent motion path. We explore free manipulation of apparent camera motion as well as the transfer of motion styles from an example video to a new video to create a wide range of stylistic variations. We report on a user study confirming the ability of non-expert users to create motion styles.
Legal Geography (2017)

Legal geography, a highly fragmented subfield, is defined by formal attention to the spatial aspects of law and the legal dimensions of space and place. (Indeed, one may easily write of legal geographies.) Most work in the area concerns issues of jurisdiction, property, public/private space, race, and/or rights, although there is considerable variation in how these concepts are addressed. The majority of research is on common law systems, particularly in the United States, although there is a degree of attention to non‐Western and informal legal systems as well. The scholarship on legal and geographic issues outside common law systems and in the developing world tends to be categorized as legal anthropology or sociology, with relatively weak disciplinary links to geography. This separation, however, is generally institutional rather than intellectual, and there are numerous opportunities for greater cross‐disciplinary work. Much of the scholarship in legal geography is from a critical perspective, seeking to challenge established legal (or sociolegal) practices and to highlight the inequalities created or reinforced by and through them.
CENTRALLY INDUCED HYPOTENSION AND BRADYCARDIA AFTER ADMINISTRATION OF α‐METHYLNORADRENALINE INTO THE AREA OF THE NUCLEUS TRACTUS SOLITARII OF THE RAT (1976)

1 In anaesthetized rats, bilateral injections of alpha-methylnoradrenaline, noradrenaline or adrenaline into the area of the nucleus tractus solitarii (NTS) of the brain stem caused dose-dependent decreases of systemic arterial blood pressure and heart rate. The effects of alpha-methylnoradrenaline were most pronounced and lasted longest. 2 The cardiovascular effects of alpha-methylnoradrenaline appeared to be restricted to the medio-caudal part of the NTS. 3 Prior administration of the alpha-adrenoceptor blocking agent, phentolamine, reversed the fall in blood pressure and heart rate induced by alpha-methylnoradrenaline into an increase. 4 Systemic administration of atropine combined with vagotomy potentiated the inhibitory effects of alpha-methylnoradrenaline on the cardiovascular system.
Optimal design of online auctions (2001)

Internet auctions are projected to account for 30% of all e-commerce by 2002. The Internet not only dramatically reduces the cost of running and participating in auctions, it also introduces new capabilities and hence new degrees of freedom in carrying out online auctions. This dissertation uses both economic modeling and data analysis techniques to build decision tools to optimally design online auctions. We quantify the market impact of increasing the number of units that are offered in a single auction, and show how to set the optimal auction duration and optimal lot-size. We find that increased dispersion in consumers' valuations exposes the auctioneer to higher risk with respect to the auction's closing price, which may go up or down. The net effect is determined by the relationship among the website traffic, the auction duration, and the lot-size. We then study the effects of splitting the available inventory into multi-period auctions, each offering a smaller lot. We demonstrate that it may significantly increase the auctioneer's profit and show how to compute the optimal number of periods and the optimal lot-size in each period. By learning the dispersion of consumers' valuations at the end of each period, the auctioneer can improve the design of future auctions and considerably increase his profit. We find that learning is vital when the website traffic is low, the holding costs are high, and the dispersion is low. Also, with learning the optimal lot-size policy may no longer be monotonic. Finally, we study the effects of concurrently offering the same good via both an online auction and an electronic retail store. We find that auction winners enjoy an average discount of 25% over purchasing an identical product in e-retail. We also measure the extent and magnitude of the cases in which the auction price ended up higher than the retail price. Modeling the consumer as making a choice between the two mechanisms, we provide an explanation for the discounts observed in our research. Our model shows that despite cannibalization of e-retail sales, retailers may be better off introducing auctions on their websites. These results provide a cohesive framework for electronic auction designers, beginning with analyzing the decision whether to introduce an auction at all, continue with devising tools to optimally design a single auction, and concluding with the design of a series of auctions.
Front Cover of Artizein: Special Edition "The Peter London Papers" (2016)

Cover designed by Jodi A. Patterson.
Hybrid connection admission control in ATM networks (2003)

The author proposes a new connection admission control (CAC) method called hybrid CAC. The hybrid CAC provides two cell loss rate classes, and requires the declaration of each virtual circuit's (VC's) peak cell rate as a traffic parameter. The admission of a low-priority VC is decided based on the measured number of cells arriving from connected VCs and the specific peak rates. The bandwidth assigned to a high-priority VC is the specified peak, but the bandwidth that is not actually used by the high-priority VC can be used by low-priority VCs. Therefore, the hybrid CAC attains high utilization and high quality for high-priority VCs with only the peak cell rate needing to be specified.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Multimodal Speaker Diarization Using a Pre-Trained Audio-Visual Synchronization Model (2019)

Speaker diarization systems aim to find 'who spoke when?' in multi-speaker recordings. The dataset usually consists of meetings, TV/talk shows, telephone and multi-party interaction recordings. In this paper, we propose a novel multimodal speaker diarization technique, which finds the active speaker through audio-visual synchronization model for diarization. A pre-trained audio-visual synchronization model is used to find the synchronization between a visible person and the respective audio. For that purpose, short video segments comprised of face-only regions are acquired using a face detection technique and are then fed to the pre-trained model. This model is a two streamed network which matches audio frames with their respective visual input segments. On the basis of high confidence video segments inferred by the model, the respective audio frames are used to train Gaussian mixture model (GMM)-based clusters. This method helps in generating speaker specific clusters with high probability. We tested our approach on a popular subset of AMI meeting corpus consisting of 5.4 h of recordings for audio and 5.8 h of different set of multimodal recordings. A significant improvement is noticed with the proposed method in term of DER when compared to conventional and fully supervised audio based speaker diarization. The results of the proposed technique are very close to the complex state-of-the art multimodal diarization which shows significance of such simple yet effective technique.
Thermal Characterization of Heat Sink Adhesive Systems for Spacecraft Electronics by Time-Resolved Infrared Radiometry (1993)

A new thermal characterization technique, time-resolved infrared radiometry (TRIR), is used to investigate three different heat sink adhesive systems used in spacecraft electronics - a filled epoxy, a filled silicone and a tape adhesive. Measurements of heat sink efficiency are presented as a function of thermal cycling and the TRIR results are compared with ultrasonic and X-ray imaging techniques and with destructive analysis. The TRIR technique is shown to provide a measure of the relative heat sink capabilities of the different systems and can detect subsurface delamination in the filled epoxy system resulting from the development of cracks due to thermal cycling.
<title>MASPINN: novel concepts for a neuroaccelerator for spiking neural networks</title> (1999)

We present the basic architecture of a Memory Optimized Accelerator for Spiking Neural Networks. The accelerator architecture exploits two novel concepts for an efficient computation of spiking neural networks: weight caching and a compressed memory organization. These concepts allow a further parallelization in processing and reduce bandwidth requirements on accelerator's components. Therefore, they pave the way to dedicated digital hardware for real-time computation of more complex networks of pulse-coded neurons in the order of 10<SUP>6</SUP> neurons. The programmable neuron model which the accelerator is based on is described extensively. This shall encourage a discussion and suggestions on features which would be desirable to add to the current model.
Autonomous robot navigation based on OpenStreetMap geodata (2010)

This paper introduces the appliance of standardized, free to use and globally available geodata for autonomous robot navigation. For this, data from the famous collaborative OpenStreetMap (OSM) mapping project are used. These geodata are public domain and include rich information about streets, tracks, railways, waterways, points of interest, land use, building information and much more. Beyond the spatial information, the geodata contain detailed information about the name, type and width of the streets as well as public speed limits. As a contribution of this paper, the OSM data are integrated for the first time into the robot tasks of localization, path planning and autonomous vehicle control. Following the description of the approach, experimental results in outdoor environments demonstrate the effectiveness of this approach.
Human and rat malignant-tumor-associated mRNAs encode stromelysin-like metalloproteinases (1989)

Rat transin and human stromelysin 2 mRNAs, which have been associated with malignant tumors, code for potential proteins with significant sequence homology to the metalloproteinases collagenase and stromelysin. We have used an expression system that allows easy purification of these proteins after transfection of COS cells with a vector containing the corresponding cDNA. This system has allowed us to prepare transin and stromelysin 2 as active proteinases that are inhibited by inhibitors of metalloproteinases. Further analysis of these enzymes indicates that they degrade several components of the extracellular matrix including collagen types III, IV, and V and fibronectin, as well as gelatins formed from several denatured collagen types. In addition, both transin and stromelysin 2 are capable of activating procollagenase in vitro. Thus, in malignant tumors these proteinases may act, both directly and indirectly, to degrade the extracellular matrix and permit tumor invasion of neighboring tissues.
A Standalone Burst-Mode Receiver With Clock and Data Recovery, Clock Phase Alignment, and RS(255, 239) Codes for SAC-OCDMA Applications (2008)

We demonstrate a standalone (no global clock) burst-mode receiver (BMRx) for a 7 times 622 Mb/s incoherent spectral-amplitude-coded optical code-division multiple-access system. The receiver provides the following functions: quantization (intensity noise filtering), clock and data recovery, burst-mode functionality (automatic phase acquisition) using a clock phase aligner (CPA), framing (for byte synchronization), and forward-error correction (FEC) using a (255, 239) Reed-Solomon decoder. The receiver provides an instantaneous (zero preamble bit) phase acquisition time for any phase step (plusmn2pi rads) between consecutive packets. With the CPA, we report a zero packet loss ratio (PLR) for up to four simultaneous users and more than a 300-fold improvement in the PLR for a fully loaded system. The BMRx also accomplishes more than 2.5 dB of coding gain, and achieves error-free (bit-error rate ) operation for a fully loaded system.
[Serological diagnostic studies of the occurrence of coronavirus infections in cattle with respiratory diseases]. (1989)

Of paired serum samples of 196 cattle with respiratory disease from 37 herds which were tested for hemagglutination inhibiting antibodies against coronavirus (BCV) 185 of the first specimens and 190 of the second ones gave positive results. This difference was due to five animals of five different farms showing seroconversions between the time of the blood collections. A significant rise in antibody titer (no less than 4-fold) was evident in 28 cattle from 3 of the above mentioned and 12 other farms. Altogether serological indication of acute coronavirus infections were gained in 33 (16.8%) of animals with respiratory diseases which derived from 17 of 37 herds. Most of these infections (about 35%) occurred in animals older than 6 months while calves up to 3 or 6 months were only affected in a ratio of ca. 10%, respectively.
Abrogation of macrophage migration inhibitory factor decreases West Nile virus lethality by limiting viral neuroinvasion (2007)

The flavivirus West Nile virus (WNV) is an emerging pathogen that causes life-threatening encephalitis in susceptible individuals. We investigated the role of the proinflammatory cytokine macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF), which is an upstream mediator of innate immunity, in WNV immunopathogenesis. We found that patients suffering from acute WNV infection presented with increased MIF levels in plasma and in cerebrospinal fluid. MIF expression also was induced in WNV-infected mice. Remarkably, abrogation of MIF action by 3 distinct approaches (antibody blockade, small molecule pharmacologic inhibition, and genetic deletion) rendered mice more resistant to WNV lethality. Mif(-/-) mice showed a reduced viral load and inflammatory response in the brain when compared with wild-type mice. Our results also indicate that MIF favors viral neuroinvasion by compromising the integrity of the blood-brain barrier. In conclusion, the data obtained from this study provide direct evidence for the involvement of MIF in viral pathogenesis and suggest that pharmacotherapeutic approaches targeting MIF may hold promise for the treatment of WNV encephalitis.
Scintillator Pixel Detectors for Measurement of Compton Scattering (2019)

The Compton scattering of gamma rays is commonly detected using two detector layers, the first for detection of the recoil electron and the second for the scattered gamma. We have assembled detector modules consisting of scintillation pixels, which are able to detect and reconstruct the Compton scattering of gammas with only one readout layer. This substantially reduces the number of electronic channels and opens the possibility to construct cost-efficient Compton scattering detectors for various applications such as medical imaging, environment monitoring, or fundamental research. A module consists of a 4 × 4 matrix of lutetium fine silicate scintillators and is read out by a matching silicon photomultiplier array. Two modules have been tested with a 22 Na source in coincidence mode, and the performance in the detection of 511 keV gamma Compton scattering has been evaluated. The results show that Compton events can be clearly distinguished with a mean energy resolution of 12.2% ± 0.7% in a module and a coincidence time resolution of 0.56 ± 0.02 ns between the two modules.
Na,K‐ATPase function in alternating electric fields <sup>1</sup> (1992)

Alternating currents affect ion transport processes and ATP splitting through changes in the activation of the membrane Na,K-ATPase. Both processes vary with the frequency, and the effective range includes the environmental 60 Hz. ATP splitting by Na,K-ATPase suspensions decreases for the enzyme under normal conditions, with the maximum effect at 100 Hz. ATP splitting increases when the enzyme activity is lowered to less than half its optimal value by changes in temperature, ouabain concentration, etc. These observations can be explained by the effects of the ionic currents on ion binding at the enzyme activation sites. Such a mechanism could account for the effects of electromagnetic fields on cells, as the transmembrane enzyme can convey the effect of an extracellular signal into the cell via ionic fluxes, and the measured threshold field is within the range of reported biological effects.
Integrity Protection and Attestation of Security Critical Executions on Virtualized Platform in Cloud Computing Environment (2013)

As cloud infrastructure saves cloud user the budget to purchase relatively expensive and easily outdated hardware and the energy to maintain system, some compromises comes along as well, such as computing environment and stored data out of control, which put cloud user on the horns of a dilemma. In order for cloud users to have more faith with the security of computing environment and data on the remote uncontrolled cloud, trust should be built between them. It's easier to trust when you can verify. We took advantage of sealed storage of trust computing to improve traditional trust chain technology in order to provide a dual verifiable trusted bootstrap to make sure each compartment during system bootstrap not to be maliciously changed. We extend trusted chain to memory by developing monitoring tools in privileged domain using features provided by virtual machine monitor to monitor and record runtime states of security critical application in targeted virtual machine instance. Inspiring by traditional security technology such as sandbox, we designed and implemented a "out-of-box" fine-grained security critical application monitoring utilizing system call interposition and virtual machine introspection. Measurements of system configurations stored in platform configuration registers of TPM along with runtime states of application in cloud user's virtual machine are reported to corresponding cloud user through remote attestation which is a key feature of trusted computing as well in order to provide genuine evidences to cloud user.