gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Renal Sympathetic Denervation: An Effective Non-Pharmacological Treatment Strategy for Sympathetic Over-Activation Related Diseases (2016)

The renal sympathetic nerve is a main target in cardiovascular diseases, because of the special relationship between the heart and kidney. Therefore, many drugs that inhibit the neuroendocrine system, such as angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors/angiotensin receptor blocker (ACEI/ARB), beta blockers, and aldosterone inhibitors, have emerged to treat cardiovascular diseases. Renal sympathetic denervation (RDN) is the most influential non-pharmacological treatment method and was first reported by the Lancet in 2009. Although the negative conclusions of the Symplicity HTN-3 trial have hindered the application of RDN in resistant hypertension, there is increasing interest in RDN for the treatment of diseases other than hypertension because of its ability to inhibit sympathetic nerve overactivity. Therefore, we reviewed current studies about RDN with a focus on sympathetic nerve over-activation related diseases, such as, ventricular tachycardia, atrial fibrillation, myocardial remodeling, endothelium dysfunction, insulin resistance, obstructive sleep apnea, and so on.
The Edge Formability of High-Strength Cold-Rolled Steel (1983)

<div class="htmlview paragraph">Little information is available about the influence of inclusions and edge condition on the edge Formability of cold-rolled steels. For this reason a series of high-strength cold-rolled steels was evaluated through the hole expansion test. The steels examined were a rephosphorized steel microalloyed 50 and 60 ksi steels and recovery annealed 60 and 70 ksi steels.</div> <div class="htmlview paragraph">Edge formability has been found to be greatly influenced by the condition of the punched edge. Samples that were “dressed” (i.e. by removal of the shear burr along with the worked metal at the edge) exhibited a larger percentage hole expansion when compared to those evaluated in the as-blanked condition. The effect of inclusions on crack initiation is more significant in the de-burred condition than in the as-blanked condition because of the lower incidence of defect sites present at the edge. Hole expansion was found to be better in materials having higher total elongation and plastic anisotropy r<sub>m</sub>. Likewise an increase in tensile strength was found to be detrimental to hole expansion performance. The percentage hole expansion was not affected by variations in the observable crack length. Therefore this test is insensitive to crack length within the normal limits of the test and thus is not operator-dependent. Microstructural analysis supports the argument that cold-rolled high-strength containing a high density of inclusions will exhibit reduced edge formability.</div>
Compelling evidence for a prostate cancer gene at 22q12.3 by the International Consortium for Prostate Cancer Genetics (2007)

Previously, an analysis of 14 extended, high-risk Utah pedigrees localized in the chromosome 22q linkage region to 3.2 Mb at 22q12.3-13.1 (flanked on each side by three recombinants) contained 31 annotated genes. In this large, multi-centered, collaborative study, we performed statistical recombinant mapping in 54 pedigrees selected to be informative for recombinant mapping from nine member groups of the International Consortium for Prostate Cancer Genetics (ICPCG). These 54 pedigrees included the 14 extended pedigrees from Utah and 40 pedigrees from eight other ICPCG member groups. The additional 40 pedigrees were selected from a total pool of 1213 such that each pedigree was required to contain both at least four prostate cancer (PRCA) cases and exhibit evidence for linkage to the chromosome 22q region. The recombinant events in these 40 independent pedigrees confirmed the previously proposed region. Further, when all 54 pedigrees were considered, the three-recombinant consensus region was narrowed down by more than a megabase to 2.2 Mb at chromosome 22q12.3 flanked by D22S281 and D22S683. This narrower region eliminated 20 annotated genes from that previously proposed, leaving only 11 genes. This region at 22q12.3 is the most consistently identified and smallest linkage region for PRCA. This collaborative study by the ICPCG illustrates the value of consortium efforts and the continued utility of linkage analysis using informative pedigrees to localize genes for complex diseases.
Optimal pulse penetration in Rocard-Powles-Debye model dielectrics using the Brillouin precursor (2004)

When an ultrawideband electromagnetic pulse penetrates into a causally dispersive dielectric, the interrelated effects of phase dispersion and frequency dependent attenuation alter the pulse in a fundamental way that results in the appearance of precursor fields. For a dielectric described by the Rocard-Powles extension of the Debye model, the dynamical field evolution is dominated by the Brillouin precursor as the propagation depth typically exceeds a single penetration depth evaluated at the carrier frequency of the input pulse. This is because the peak amplitude in the Brillouin precursor decays only as the square root of the inverse of the propagation distance. Because of its unique nonexponential peak decay, the Brillouin precursor has direct application to foliage and ground penetrating radar, remote sensing and wireless communications in adverse environments. Of equal importance is the frequency structure of the Brillouin precursor which exhibits a complicated dependence on both the material dispersion and the input pulse characteristics. A Brillouin pulse is then defined and shown to possess near optimal (if not indeed optimal) material penetration.
Adaptive forward error correction for fast data transmission over the mobile radio channel (2003)

The authors describe an adaptive forward error correction (AFEC) protocol in which the information symbols are sent first and subsequently more and more redundancy symbols are added until the receiver has enough symbols to correct the detected errors. Thus, the required redundancy is automatically adapted to the actual channel state. The AFEC works best with maximum distance separable codes, such as Reed-Solomon codes. The authors discuss the throughput and residual error rate performance of this method to facilitate a comparison with existing protocols. When AFEC is used in connection with a fixed-rate data source or communication network, buffers can be used to level out channel fluctuations. Two applications (the wideband CD 900 cellular digital mobile phone system and the pan-European GSM standard) are presented, verifying the efficiency of the proposed data transmission method.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Side-tunnel fibre: an approach to polarisation-maintaining optical waveguiding scheme (1982)

A new type of polarisation-maintaining fibre is proposed, analysed, and preliminary fabrication and measurement are described. The new fibre features two ‘side tunnels’ bored on both sides of the core, and exhibits an absolutely single-polarisation characteristic or a relatively strong modal birefringence. The normalised birefringence obtained so far is 0.73×10−4. This value is appreciably lower than expected. Two possible reasons are discussed.
The Prognostic Significance of Whole Blood Global and Specific DNA Methylation Levels in Gastric Adenocarcinoma (2010)

Analysis of global and site-specific DNA methylation in peripheral blood by pyrosequencing provides quantitative DNA methylation values that may serve as important prognostic indicators.
Analysis of Kink Reduction in SOI MOSFET Using Selective Back Oxide Structure (2012)

This paper presents a complete analysis of the kink effect in SOI MOSFET and proposes a method for eliminating kink effect observed in the current-voltage output characteristics of a partially depleted SOI MOSFET device. In this method, back oxide for the device is introduced at selected regions below the source and drain and not continuously as in an SOI device giving rise to what is termed a “SELBOX” structure. Selective back oxide structure with different gap lengths and thicknesses was studied. Results obtained through numerical simulations indicate that the proposed structure can significantly reduce the kink while still preserving major advantages offered by conventional SOI structure. Although the new structure is capable of eliminating kink, for narrow gaps the device may still exhibit some kink effect. A device model that explains the kink behavior of the structure for varying gap lengths is also developed.
HIGH PERFORMANCE SIGNAL ACQUISITION SYSTEMS FOR SONAR APPLICATIONS (2024)

Very large scale integration (VLSI) produces digital signal processing (DSP) systems with massive computing power at a modest cost.However, the overall performance of such systems in real time sonar applications is often limited by the front end signal acquisition circuits feeding the digital processors, where cost, power and volume constraints force the system designer to make a number of practical engineering compromises.These arise when mapping a conceptual front end design (i.e.linear, wide dynamic range) onto standard, commercially available components initially developed for other signal capture applications, often with very different system parameters and design aims.This implementation/performance trade-off can be by passed in critical DSP areas [1], using computer aided design (CAD) tools to generate VLSI application specific integrated circuits (ASICs), in high density gate array or macro-cell technologies.However, the VLSI ASIC technologies do not produce good analogue circuits: indeed, the very improvements in semi-conductor device geometries that allow the high level of integration needed for DSP result in devices with degraded analogue signal handing capabilities and, although emerging mixed analogue/digital technologies like BiCMOS go some way towards redressing the balance, current silicon ASIC technologies provide only limited dynamic ranges (around 80 dB) in front end circuits where a significant amount of analogue circuitry is integrated with complex digital logic.Consequently the cost/performance ratio and the lack of integrated analogue CAD tools do not yet make mixed analogue/digital ASIC front end designs cost effective in sonar applications: this situation will change as the mixed technologies mature.Full custom device development, in either low voltage CMOS or BiCMOS, is possible for front end circuits but the high development cost and low volume requirements in sonar do not make this attractive either, except in a few very high value-added applications.Consequently, most sonar front end designs use devices and techniques developed in the first instance for other high volume applications, for example for digital audio or telecommunications systems.This limits the choices open to the system designer and, as well as potentially limiting operational sonar performance, constrains data acquisition system
Optical pumped ultra-short pulse CO2 lasers as drivers of laser-plasma accelerators and other applications (2019)

Optically pumped CO<sub>2</sub> lasers can operate with high efficiency, high repetition rate and large bandwidths, suitable for producing ultra-short pulses at terawatts to petawatts, in contrast to conventional discharge-pumped CO<sub>2</sub> lasers, which are restricted by the requirements of discharge dynamics in high-pressure gas. We show how an optically pumped CO<sub>2</sub> laser can be realised and we consider its application in laser-driven acceleration. There is potential to replace conventional transversely excited atmospheric CO<sub>2</sub> lasers with diode-pumped solid-state lasers as a pump laser for a high-pressure CO<sub>2</sub> gain medium, making it suitable for amplifying ultra-short pulses. We show that by driving a laser plasma wakefield accelerator with an ultra-short pulse CO<sub>2</sub> laser, a very high charge, high average current, high energy accelerator can be constructed. This could have a major impact on the application of these novel accelerators and radiation sources based on them.
Struktur‐Wirkungs‐Beziehungen bei Histaminanaloga, 20. Mitt. Absolute Konfiguration und histaminartige Wirkung der enantiomeren α‐Methylhistamine (1980)

Abstract Es wird die Synthese der enantiomeren α‐Methylhistamine (+)‐ 5 und (‐)‐ 5 , die Bestimmung der absoluten Konfiguration sowie die histaminartige Wirksamkeit der Enantiomere am Ileum (H 1 ) und Atrium (H 2 ) des Meerschweinchens beschrieben.
Haloperidol alone or in combination for acute mania (2006)

There is some evidence that haloperidol is an effective treatment for acute mania. From the limited data available, there was no difference in overall efficacy of treatment between haloperidol and olanzapine or risperidone. Some evidence suggests that haloperidol could be less effective than aripiprazole. Referring to tolerability, when considering the poor evidence comparing drugs, clinicians and patients should consider different side effect profiles as an important issue to inform their choice.
ChemInform Abstract: REDUCTION OF DIBROMODIFLUOROMETHANE BY LEAD ‐ NOVEL PATHWAY TO DIFLUOROCARBENE (1982)

Abstract Blei (zerkleinerte Folie oder feinkörnig) reduziert CBr 2 CF 2 in Dichlormethan, ‐ethan oder Acetonitril in Gegenwart von [Bu 4 N]Br zum Carben CF 2 (schon bei 40‐60°C schnell), das mit Olefinen zu 1,1‐Difluor‐cyclopropanen (bis zu 90% Ausb.) abgefangen werden kann.
Aminopropyltransferases: Function, Structure and Genetics (2006)

Aminopropyltransferases use decarboxylated S-adenosylmethionine as an aminopropyl donor and an amine acceptor to form polyamines. This review covers their structure, mechanism of action, inhibition, regulation and function. The best known aminopropyltransferases are spermidine synthase and spermine synthase but other members of this family including an N(1)-aminopropylagmatine synthase have been characterized. Spermidine synthase is an essential gene in eukaryotes and is very widely distributed. Key regions in the active site, which are very highly conserved, were identified by structural studies with spermidine synthase from Thermotoga maritima bound to S-adenosyl-1,8-diamino-3-thiooctane, a multisubstrate analog inhibitor. A general mechanism for catalysis by aminopropyltransferases can be proposed based on these studies. Spermine synthase is less widely distributed and is not essential for growth in yeast. However, Gy mice lacking spermine synthase have multiple symptoms including a profound growth retardation, sterility, deafness, neurological abnormalities and a propensity to sudden death, which can all be prevented by transgenic expression of spermine synthase. A large reduction in spermine synthase in human males due to a splice site variant causes Snyder-Robinson syndrome with mental retardation, hypotonia and skeletal abnormalities.
Traditional Chinese Medicines: Molecular Structures, Natural Sources and Applications (2018)

This title was first published in 2003. In laboratories around the world the active principles in traditional herbal medicines are being isolated and characterized. A systematic effort at the Chinese Academy of Sciences is underway to identify the structure-activity relationships that result from the link between chemistry and medicine that is permitted by this data. This book, which provides the only systematic English-language description of the chemical structures and pharmacological effects of compounds active in traditional Chinese medicines (TCMs), is now in its second edition. The new edition provides English-language monographs on over 9000 chemicals isolated from nearly 4000 natural sources used in Chinese medicine and features the addition of in-depth bioactivity data for many of the compounds. Effects and indications of the medicines are included. Extensive indexing permits cross-referencing among English, Chinese and Latin names for natural medicinal sources, effects and indications, and the chemical components of the medicines. The second edition of Traditional Chinese Medicines includes 2300 new compounds, 2400 additional plant sources, more CAS Registry Numbers, and more pharmacological data. The structure of the book has been extensively reorganised to make cross referencing the data much simpler. This new edition is therefore a substantial improvement on the first edition of this important reference on the structural chemistry of traditional Chinese medicines.
Early results from a high-resolution hybrid terrestrial and bathymetry mapping LiDAR (2012)

Over the last two decades airborne terrestrial and bathymetric LiDAR systems have experienced exponential development. However, the design criteria for either terrestrial or bathymetric systems have created a gap where these systems are not operational. This gap is in the interface and overlap of land surface and very shallow water (<; 5 m) bodies such as lakes, lagoons, rivers, intracoastal waterways, and the surf zone. These areas are of high interest for geoscientists and engineers, and mapping this topography at high resolution in a single pass with a single system until now has been unachievable. In this paper we present a new LiDAR system that integrates design characteristics of terrestrial and bathymetric systems which enables the high resolution topographic mapping of land and shallow water bathymetry in a single pass. We will also present early results from test flights of the system under different conditions and outline future work.
Loyalty trends for the twenty‐first century (2005)

Abstract Purpose – As loyalty marketing programs have reached a state of maturity, the aim of this paper is to outline the key loyalty‐marketing trends for the twenty‐first century that can serve as guideposts as marketers create, expand and revamp their loyalty and customer relationship management (CRM) strategies. Design/methodology/approach – The paper uses data and statistics from numerous loyalty‐marketing programs to support its conclusions. Findings – Five key loyalty‐marketing trends are identified and explored in detail: ubiquity; technology enables but imagination wins; coalition lite; customer analytics; and the Wow! factor Practical implications – The challenge for marketers is to reinvigorate the market with new strategies, tactics, and technologies backed by imagination, innovation and sound program design. The five key loyalty‐marketing trends for the twenty‐first century identified in this paper can serve as guideposts as marketers create, expand and revamp their loyalty and CRM strategies in the new century. Originality/value – Provides a view point based on the authors' opinion or interpretation of the key loyalty‐marketing trends for the twenty‐first century.
An OWL DL ontology based on classification of web services into communities (2014)

This paper proposes an OWL DL ontology that organizes the space of Web service into communities. The proposed ontology provides a set of key concepts: community, abstract service and concrete service and describes the relationships between them using the axioms of the description logic. Concrete services are defined as instances of communities and communities are defined as sub-concepts of the concept describing concrete services. Subsequently, we propose a classification of services in their communities by imposing the condition that a specific service must have at least all the operations of abstract service describing the functionality of the community, to ensure that the discovered concrete services meet correctly the user request. This classification will generate automatically SPARQL queries to query and reason on the proposed ontology developed in OWL DL.
Internalization and action of an immunotoxin containing mistletoe lectin A-chain. (1991)

An immunotoxin consisting of the enzymatically active A-chain of mistletoe lectin I and a monoclonal antibody against a surface protein on mouse leukemia L1210V cells was found to inhibit protein synthesis in these cells as efficiently as the native mistletoe toxin. The immunotoxin was somewhat more slowly endocytosed than the native toxin, but in both cases the endocytic uptake continued under conditions in which uptake from clathrin-coated pits was inhibited by mild acidification of the cytosol. This indicates that the toxin and the immunotoxin were at least partially internalized by a non-clathrin-dependent uptake mechanism and that uptake by this pathway is responsible for most of the toxic effect on the cells. The results indicate that efficient immunotoxins can be made with antibodies against cell surface epitopes that are endocytosed by a mechanism not involving clathrin-coated pits.
Infection Process of the Hepatitis B Virus Depends on the Presence of a Defined Sequence in the Pre-S1 Domain (1999)

During the life cycle of hepatitis B virus (HBV), the large envelope protein (L) plays a pivotal role. Indeed, this polypeptide is essential for viral assembly and probably for the infection process. By performing mutagenesis experiments, we have previously excluded a putative involvement of the pre-S2 domain of the L protein in viral infectivity. In the present study, we have evaluated the role of the pre-S1 region in HBV infection. For this purpose, 21 mutants of the L protein were created. The entire pre-S1 domain was covered by contiguous deletions of 5 amino acids. First, after transfection into HepG2 cells, the efficient expression of both glycosylated and unglycosylated L mutant proteins was verified. The secretion rate of envelope proteins was modified positively or negatively by deletions, indicating that the pre-S1 domain contains several regulating sequences able to influence the surface protein secretion. The ability of mutant proteins to support the production of virions was then studied. Only the four C-terminal deletions, covering the 17 amino acids suspected to interact with the cytoplasmic nucleocapsids, inhibited virion release. Finally, the presence of the modified pre-S1 domain at the external side of all secreted virions was confirmed, and their infectivity was assayed on normal human hepatocytes in primary culture. Only a short sequence including amino acids 78 to 87 tolerates internal deletions without affecting viral infectivity. These results confirm the involvement of the L protein in the infection step and demonstrate that the sequence between amino acids 3 and 77 is involved in this process.
Synthetic Dynamic PMU Data Generation: A Generative Adversarial Network Approach (2018)

This paper concerns with the production of synthetic phasor measurement unit (PMU) data for research and education purposes. Due to the confidentiality of real PMU data and no public access to the real power systems infrastructure information, the lack of credible realistic data becomes a growing concern. Instead of constructing synthetic power grids and then producing synthetic PMU measurement data by time simulations, we propose a model-free approach to directly generate synthetic PMU data. we train the generative adversarial network (GAN) with real PMU data, which can be used to generate synthetic PMU data capturing the system dynamic behaviors. To validate the sequential generation by GAN to mimic PMU data, we theoretically analyze GAN's capacity of learning system dynamics. Further by evaluating the synthetic PMU data by a proposed quantitative method, we verify GAN's potential to synthesize realistic samples and meanwhile realize that GAN model in this paper still has room to improve. Moreover it is the first time that such generative model is applied to synthesize PMU data.