gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Design Genetic Fluorescent Probes to Detect Protease Activity and Calcium-Dependent Protein-Protein Interactions in Living Cells (2022)

Proteases are essential for regulating a wide range of physiological and pathological processes. The imbalance of protease activation and inhibition will result in a number of major diseases including cancers, atherosclerosis, and neurodegenerative diseases. Although fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET)-based protease probes, a small molecular dye and other methods are powerful, they still have drawbacks or limitations for providing significant information about the dynamics and pattern of endogenous protease activation and inhibition in a single living cell or in vivo. Currently protease sensors capable of quantitatively measuring specific protease activity in real time and monitoring activation and inhibition of enzymatic activity in various cellular compartments are highly desired. In this dissertation, we report a novel strategy to create protease sensors by grafting an enzymatic cleavage linker into a sensitive location for changing chromophore properties of enhanced green fluorescent protein (EGFP) following protease cleavage, which can be used to determine protease activity and track protease activation and inhibition with a ratiometric measurement mode in living cells. Our designed protease sensors exhibit large relative ratiometric optical signal change in both absorbance and fluorescence, and fast response to proteases. Meanwhile, these protease sensors exhibiting high enzymatic selectivity and kinetic responses are comparable or better than current small peptide probes and FRET-based protease probes. Additionally, our protease sensors can be utilized for real-time monitoring of cellular enzymogen activation and effects of inhibitors in living cells. This novel strategy opens a new avenue for developing specific protease sensors to investigate enzymatic activity in real time, to probe disease mechanisms corresponding to proteases in vitro and in vivo, and to screen protease inhibitors with therapeutic effects. Strong fluorescence was still retained in the cleaved EGFP-based protease sensors, which stimulated us to identify the EGFP fragment with fluorescence properties for further understanding chromophore formation mechanisms and investigating protein-protein interactions through fluorescence complementation of split EGFP fragments. Through fusing EF-hand motifs from calbindin D9k to split EGFP fragments, a novel molecular probe was developed to simultaneously track the calcium change or calcium signaling pathways and calcium-dependent protein-protein interaction in living cells in real time.
Problems and Suggestions for the Development of Child Care Service System (2023)

The current development of child care services face many problems, in order to improve the overall planning of the child care service system, for every family with infants and young children to provide the necessary needs, the current child care services related departments according to each region's child care industry associations and child care in each region's leading enterprises, need to carry out a study of the child care service system, to promote the development and progress of the child care service system. This paper focuses on the current problems faced by the child care service system, based on the problems and puts forward relevant countermeasures, in the hope of promoting a more perfect child care service system.
Abstract 246: Transdifferentiation of Human Fibroblasts to Endothelial Cells: Role of Innate Immunity (2013)

Cell fate is fluid, and may be altered experimentally by the forced expression of master regulators mediating cell lineage. Such nuclear reprogramming has been achieved using viral vectors encoding transcription factors. We recently discovered that the viral vectors are more than passive vehicles for transcription factors, as they participate actively in the process of nuclear reprogramming to pluripotency. Viral vectors, by activating innate immunity, cause global changes in the expression of epigenetic modifiers, favoring an open chromatin state (Cell, 151 2012). Based on the recognition that activation of innate immunity increases epigenetic plasticity, we hypothesized that small molecule activators of toll-like receptor 3 (TLR3), together with external microenvironmental cues that drive EC specification, might be sufficient to induce transdifferentiation of fibroblasts into ECs (iECs). Here we show that TLR3 agonist Poly I:C, combined with exogenous EC growth factors, transdifferentiated human fibroblasts into ECs (in the absence of viral vectors or transcription factors). These iECs were comparable to HMVEC in immunohistochemical, genetic and functional assays, including the ability to form capillary-like structures and to incorporate acetylated-LDL. Furthermore, iECs significantly improved limb perfusion and neovascularization in the murine ischemic hindlimb compared to parental fibroblasts. Finally, using genetic knockdown studies, we find that the effective transdifferentiation of human fibroblasts to endothelial cells requires innate immune activation. This study suggests that manipulation of innate immune signaling may be generally used to modify cell fate. Our observations raise the question as to whether epigenetic plasticity and cell fate fluidity generally participate in the immune defense against pathogens. Because similar signaling pathways are activated by damage associated molecular patterns, epigenetic plasticity induced by innate immunity may play a fundamental role in transdifferentiation during wound healing and regeneration. Finally, this study is a first step toward development of a small molecule strategy for therapeutic transdifferentiation in vivo.
The KDIGO Clinical Practice Guidelines for the Care of Kidney Transplant Recipients (2010)

The clinical guideline for care of renal transplant recipients was written by a committee of 15 people from nine countries, supported by an evidence review team The scope of the review was care of the patient after a renal transplant-not evaluation or selection of recipients and donors, focusing on the issue specific to the immunosuppressed transplant patient. A total of 12,327 articles comprising 3168 randomized controlled trials, 7543 cohort studies, and 1609 reviews were selected by a formal search. Each article was formally evaluated for the quality of the data from A to D. A consistent set of statements were based on the strength of the evidence. Level 1 evidence: "we recommend" means that if you were a patient, most people would want to do this; if a clinician, you should recommend this course of action to most patients; and if a policy maker, you should adopt this as a reasonable standard. Level 2 evidence: "we suggest" means the majority of patients would want do this; to the clinician, it means that different solutions may well be needed for different patients; whereas to the health policy maker, this is a strong warning to engage stakeholders in the creation of a particular local policy. Because 69% of the advice is "suggested" on the basis of level C or D evidence, one outcome of this work is to make it clear where the current evidence for clinical decisions runs out of data.
Enantioselective hydrogenation of olefins with homogeneous Ziegler-Natta catalysts (1990)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTEnantioselective hydrogenation of olefins with homogeneous Ziegler-Natta catalystsRobert Waymouth and P. PinoCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1990, 112, 12, 4911–4914Publication Date (Print):June 1, 1990Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 June 1990https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00168a042https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00168a042research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views590Altmetric-Citations120LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Solvatochromism and Solvation Dynamics of Structurally Related Cyanine Dyes (2002)

Absorption, fluorescence, and magic-angle pump−probe experiments characterize the solvatochromism and relaxation dynamics of three structurally related near-infrared tricarbocyanine dyes (HDITCP, IR125, and IR144) in solution. Agreement with solvatochromic theory is found in solvents where the conductivity approximately matches that predicted for complete ionic dissociation. The nonpolar solvatochromism of HDITCP and IR125 allows the polar solvatochromism of the IR144 absorption spectrum to be attributed to a specific functional group. Resonance structure arguments predict a dipole moment decrease upon electronic absorption by IR144, consistent with the observed solvatochromism. Assuming a point dipole, spherical cavity reaction field model, self-consistent feedback between the solvent and the polarizable IR144 solute accounts for 1/2 to 1/3 of the observed polar solvent shifts. A geometry change in the excited state leads to nearly nonpolar solvatochromism in the IR144 emission spectrum. Femtosecond magic-angle pump−probe transients show similar underdamped intramolecular vibrational quantum beats in all three molecules, but find solvent-dependent overdamped responses on a picosecond time scale in all three dyes. The quantum beat decays determine inhomogeneous vibrational dephasing times of a few picoseconds. Vibrational relaxation, nonpolar solvation, and dielectric relaxation all take place on similar time scales, but the picosecond relaxations are all slower and of larger amplitude for IR144 (polar solvatochromism) than HDITCP (nonpolar solvatochromism). In contrast to HDITCP, IR144 has a prominent solvent-dependent "coherence spike" near T = 0 which is attributed to femtosecond polar solvation dynamics.
Heterogeneous microstructures of spherulites of lipid mixtures characterized with synchrotron radiation microbeam X-ray diffraction (2011)

We observed microstructures of spherulites made of two triacylglycerols (TAGs) (POP (1,3-dipalmitoyl-2-oleoyl-sn-glycerol) and OPO (1,3-dioleoyl-2-palmitoyl-sn-glycerol)), which exhibit the mixing behavior of a molecular compound (MC) formation at a ratio of POP : OPO = 50 : 50, using synchrotron radiation microbeam (beam area of 5 × 5 μm2) X-ray diffraction (SR-μ-XRD). The spherulites were grown from neat liquid, and from solution containing 50% n-dodecane and 50% POP + OPO. SR-μ-XRD analysis revealed heterogeneous distributions of MCPOP:OPO and component TAGs in every spherulite; TAG compositions in the inner and outer areas differed when the relative ratios of POP and OPO were changed. In the 75POP : 25OPO spherulites, MCPOP:OPO always occupied the inner areas and POP dominated the outer areas as a result of different rates of crystallization of MCPOP:OPO and POP in the spherulite. In contrast, in the 25POP : 75OPO spherulites, the entire area was homogeneously occupied either with almost all OPO or with coexisting MCPOP:OPO and OPO. The microstructures of the spherulites grown from n-dodecane solutions demonstrated basically the same characteristics as those grown from the neat liquid both for 75POP : 25OPO and 25POP : 75OPO. SR-μ-XRD also clarified that the lamellar planes of the crystals are directed parallel to the radial direction from the central to the outer regions of the spherulites.
Mass spectrometric detection of cross-linked fatty acids formed during radical-induced lesion of lipid membranes (1989)

A mass spectrometric method is described for the quantitative determination of dimers of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) formed in the hepatic endoplasmic reticulum of rats upon inhalation of tetrachloromethane. The results show that dimers account for a considerable fraction of microsomal PUFA which disappear during CCl4 metabolism. Cross-linking of the membrane lipids of the endoplasmic reticulum seems to be a significant process with respect to cell toxicity.
Clock- and data-recovery IC with demultiplexer for a 2.5 Gb/s ATM physical layer controller (1996)

A Clock- and Data-Recovery (CDR) IC for a Physical Layer Controller in an Asynchronous Transfer Mode (ATM) system operating at a bit rate of 2.488 Gb/s is presented. The circuit was designed and fabricated in a 0.8 /spl mu/m BiCMOS process featuring 13 GHz f/sub T/ bipolar transistors. Clock-recovery is accomplished with a Phase-Locked Loop (PLL). The PLL uses a Phase- and Frequency Detector (PFD) to increase the pull-in range. No external components are required. A novel Voltage Controlled Oscillator (VCO) generating both in-phase and quadrature clocks, required by the PFD, is presented. The CDR includes a 1:8 demultiplexer with bit-rotation. Emitter Coupled Logic (ECL) is used in the PLL, data-regeneration and part of the demultiplexer, while the low-speed parts of the demultiplexer are implemented in dynamic CMOS using the True Single-Phased Clock (TSPC) approach.
A Novel Desalting Workflow - A West Africa Case History (2015)

Summary Ray tracing tomography is a mature technology that allows high resolution updates over large 3D surveys and is widely used in different geological settings as the main driver for velocity model building. There is an important caveat however that must be considered when using tomography; the inversion is sensitive to the initial velocity model used to start the process, so building a good initial velocity model is essential to produce meaningful results after tomography. Initial velocity models built from RMS velocities using Dix’s inversion, are typically noisy and are heavily smoothed to avoid plaguing the tomography with velocity oscillations and bulls eyes. For areas in a salt environment, like our case study, legacy velocity models are historically linked to velocity analysis in the time domain, which solves properly the velocity for the sedimentary basins, but introduces spurious velocities for subsalt events. In this paper, we present a novel workflow for editing and removing spurious and noisy velocities for velocity model building. We have used our workflow successfully in a deep water West Africa survey. The result shows that our novel workflow is a powerful tool for complex geological areas.
Introduction: The continuing relevance of the local government review (1997)

(1997). Introduction: The continuing relevance of the local government review. Local Government Studies: Vol. 23, Local Government Reorganisation: The Review and its Aftermath, pp. 1-4.
High-Speed Single-Photon Detection with Avalanche Photodiodes in the Near Infrared (2015)

As the requisite optical components in quantum information processing, single-photon detectors of high performance at the near-infrared wavelengths are in urgent need. In this paper, we review our recent development in high-speed single-photon detection with avalanche photodiodes, increasing the working repetition frequency up to GHz. Ingenious techniques, such as capacitance-balancing, self-differencing, low-pass filtering, and frequency up-conversion, were employed to achieve high-speed single-photon detection with high detection efficiency and low error counts, offering facility for many important applications, such as laser ranging and imaging, quantum key distribution at GHz clock rate.
Diuretic Effect of Clonidine during Isoflurane, Nitrous Oxide, and Oxygen Anesthesia (1994)

Oral preanesthetic medication of clonidine 2.5 or 5 micrograms.kg-1 caused a significant diuretic effect during surgery under general anesthesia, though it did not apparently relate to AVP action. This effect of clonidine could be related to its pharmacological action as an alpha 2-adrenoceptor agonist not necessarily restricted to the kidney. The diuretic effect of clonidine implicates its clinical importance in the management of patients during anesthesia.
The relationship of surface reflectance measurements to optical properties of layered biological media (1992)

Reflectance from a turbid biological tissue is discussed for a diffusive light source illuminating the surface of the medium, and is related to the optical property distribution within the medium and to photon propagation through the medium. A three-dimensional photon diffusion model with closed form is developed to describe the photon diffuse intensity in a homogeneous medium. The solution is extended by numerical methods to the medium with layered structure. The concepts of photon flux paths and of reflectance indexes are utilized, together with reflectance data, to extract information about the internal optical properties of a medium. The flux path concept was corroborated by successfully detecting in vivo and ex vivo layered differences in optical properties within the biological medium. These studies suggest that the optical properties of subdermal tissue can be measured from light reflectance and that the effect of the upper skin layers can be eliminated.
Improved regenerative myogenesis and muscular dystrophy in mice lacking Mkp5 (2013)

Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) is a degenerative skeletal muscle disease caused by mutations in dystrophin. The degree of functional deterioration in muscle stem cells determines the severity of DMD. The mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs), which are inactivated by MAPK phosphatases (MKPs), represent a central signaling node in the regulation of muscle stem cell function. Here we show that the dual-specificity protein phosphatase DUSP10/MKP-5 negatively regulates muscle stem cell function in mice. MKP-5 controlled JNK to coordinate muscle stem cell proliferation and p38 MAPK to control differentiation. Genetic loss of Mkp5 in mice improved regenerative myogenesis and dystrophin-deficient mdx mice lacking Mkp5 exhibited an attenuated dystrophic muscle phenotype. Hence, enhanced promyogenic MAPK activity preserved muscle stem cell function even in the absence of dystrophin and ultimately curtailed the pathogenesis associated with DMD. These results identify MKP-5 as an essential negative regulator of the promyogenic actions of the MAPKs and suggest that MKP-5 may serve as a target to promote muscle stem cell function in the treatment of degenerative skeletal muscle diseases.
Genetic Diversity and Molecular Identification of Kenaf Germplasm (2003)

To investigate the diversity and genetic relationships, twenty - three kenaf accessions and two accessions of its relative, roselle ( H. sabdariffa var. altissima), were analyzed by AFLP analysis. In this study, a total of 505 polymorphic markers were produced by six selected AFLP primer combinations. It is concluded from this study that AFLP fingerprinting is the more effective tool in identifying of kenaf varieties and determining their genetic relationships. Kenaf and roselle are independent species with close relationships, based on the analysis of the AFLP markers. The AFLP analysis strongly supports the opinion that kenaf originated in Africa. It also demonstrated that the dissemination of kenaf was from Africa through Asia to Central and North America.
The Profound Effect of Fluorine Substitution on the Reactivity and Regioselectivity of Nucleophilic Substitution Reactions of Strained Heterocycles. A Study of Aziridine and Its Derivatives (2006)

Unlike the synthetically exploited oxiranes and thiiranes, aziridines that lack electron-withdrawing substituents, such as acyl or sulfonyl functionalities at nitrogen, are rather unreactive. As expected, three-membered aziridine 6 was calculated to be significantly more reactive than azetidine 7 in nucleophilic cleavage by ammonia, a typical nucleophile. The reactivity of 7 was about the same as that of an acyclic model compound, 8, when release of ring strain in the transition state was taken into account. Fluorine due to its similar size but vastly different electronegativity has been substituted for hydrogen as a means of modifying chemical properties for varied applications. In the present investigation, the effect of fluorine substitution at aziridine positions other than nitrogen was studied. Computations at the MP2(Full)/6-311++G(d,p)//MP2(Full)/6-31+G(d) level found a vast preference for attack by ammonia at the 3-position of 2-fluoroaziridine in the gas phase at 298 K. When release of ring strain was taken into account, this compound reacted more than 10(11) times faster than 6. The reaction rate with trans-2,3-difluoroaziridine was about twice that of 2-fluoroaziridine, while its diastereomer reacted with ammonia considerably slower. Acyclic fluorinated amine model compounds were employed to assess the generality of the effects produced by fluorine substitution. The results were rationalized by the energy contributions of strain energy releases, stabilization of the leaving group, and the relative electrostatic energies of the heterocycles in the transition states. The more reactive fluoroaziridines underwent nucleophilic attack at rates comparable to those of N-acetylaziridine.
Case 1 (2010)

Abstract This is a case from the Normal Anatomy section of Cardiac Imaging Cases. The specific content of each case and its diagnosis are necessarily hidden from this abstract. Each case contains case history, followed immediately by the diagnosis, which is supported with findings, differential diagnosis, teaching points, management, and further reading suggestions.
Guidance of an agricultural robot with variable angle-of-view camera arrangement in cornfield (2014)

Guidance performances of an agricultural robot were evaluated when the robot traveled along cornrows and performed the row to row turning maneuver in cornfield with variable angle of view (AOV) camera arrangement. The arrangement with one low-cost camera has flexible AOV by controlling Servo motors motions as human vision. In this work, a forward far AOV was used to segment clearly and quickly cornrows due to more crop information and strong contrast between cornrows and soil, and a forward near AOV with less crop information was chosen once the number of crops pixels reduced due to the spacing headland. And a lateral near AOV was adopted to guide the robot by acquiring the crop image near the end of cornrows, due to a blind spot area in front of the robot for the near AOV arrangement. Then the headland turning was performed. During headland turning, the robot obtained the cornrows information using a lateral far AOV arrangement. After the headland turning, the robot traveled in the next cornrow with the AOV same to the first far AOV camera arrangement. Guidance information was detected with an image-processing algorithm employing mathematically morphological operations, and fuzzy logic control was applied to guide the robot according to guidance information. Tests showed that the robot traveled successfully and performed the headland turning in corn field with three replications. Test data from GPS were processed and showed stable guidance behavior with a maximum guidance error 22.58 mm and good headland turning operation. The low-cost variable AOV camera arrangement has a promising field application for autonomous agricultural vehicles.   Key words: Machine vision, agricultural robot, row guidance, headland turning.