gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Antihypertensive indole derivatives of phenoxypropanolamines with .beta.-adrenergic receptor antagonist and vasodilating activity (1980)

A series of 25 aryloxypropanolamines containing the 3-indolyl-tert-butyl [i.e., 1,1-dimethyl-2-(1H-indol-3-yl)ethyl] or substituted 3-indolyl-tert-butyl moiety as the N substituent is reported. These compounds have been tested for antihypertensive activity in spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR), beta-adrenergic receptor antagonist action in conscious normotensive rats, vasodilating activity in ganglion-blocked rats with blood pressure maintained by angiotensin II infusion, and for intrinsic sympathomimetic action (ISA) in reserpinized rats. Some of the compounds exhibit antihypertensive activity in combination with beta adrenergic receptor antagonist and vasodilating action. The structure--activity relationships in these tests are discussed.
Multipoint laser Doppler vibrometry with single detector: principles, implementations, and signal analyses (2011)

A 20-point laser Doppler vibrometer with single photodetector is presented for noncontact dynamic measurement. A 5×4 beam array with various frequency shifts is generated by a 1.55 μm distributed feedback laser and four acousto-optic devices, and illuminating different points on vibrating objects. The reflected beams are coupled into a single-mode fiber by a pigtailed collimator and interfere with a reference beam. The signal output from a high-speed photodetector is amplified and then digitized by a high-speed analog-to-digital converter with a sampling rate of 1 gigasample per second (1 GS/s). Several methods are introduced to avoid the cross talk among different frequencies and extract the vibration information of 20 points from a one-dimensional signal. Two signal processing algorithms based on Fourier transform and windowed Fourier transform are illustrated to extract the vibration signals at different points. The experimental results are compared with that from a commercial single-point laser vibrometer. The results show simultaneous vibration measurement can be realized on multiple points using a single laser source and a single photodetector.
Two-stage feed-forward carrier phase recovery algorithm for high-order coherent modulation formats (2010)

An improved linewidth-tolerant two-stage feed-forward carrier phase recovery algorithm is proposed for high-order coherent modulation formats. Experimentally we show that the proposed new algorithm can reduce the required compute power by more than a factor of two for square 36QAM.
Two Chicken B Cell Lines Resistant to Ouabain for the Production of Chicken Monoclonal Antibodies. (1996)

Two chicken B cell lines, termed MuH1 and MuH4, which are resistant to ouabain, were established as fusion partners for production of chicken monoclonal antibody from the parental cell lines R27H1 and R27H4 which were deficient in thymidine kinase activity. The MuH1 synthesized, but did not secrete mu chain, whereas the MuH4 secreted non-specific IgM. Fusions of the MuH1 and MuH4 with spleen cells from chickens immunized with human IgG resulted in successful preparations of hybridomas secreting antibodies specific to human IgG. Transformed cells insensitive to HAT appeared in many culture wells after cell hybridizations with R27H4, but on hybridization with MuH1 or MuH4 the appearance of such unfavorable cells could be avoided by the inclusion of ouabain in HAT medium. Thus, in comparison with the R27H4 line, the MuH1 and MuH4 lines did not provide higher fusion efficiencies, but gave increased opportunities to obtain hybridomas producing specific antibodies. Among a total of eight hybridomas, four derived from HuM1 and four derived from MuH4, seven secreted both IgG and IgM, and the remaining one derived from MuH1 secreted only IgG. In all eight hybridoma lines IgG was specifically reactive to human IgG.
Material Gradients in Stretchable Substrates toward Integrated Electronic Functionality (2016)

The approach toward a stretchable electronic substrate employs multiple soft polymer layers patterned around silicon chips, which act as surrogates for conventional electronics chips, to create a controllable stiffness gradient. Adding just one intermediate polymer layer results in a six-fold increase in the strain failure threshold enabling the substrate to be stretched to over twice its length before delamination occurs.
Detection and mapping of homologous, repeated and amplified DNA sequences by DNA renaturation in agarose gets (1983)

A new molecular hybridization approach to the analysis of complex genomes has been developed. Tracer and driver DNAs were digested with the same restriction enzyme(s), and tracer DNA was labeled with 32P using T4 DNA polymerase. Tracer DNA was mixed with an excess amount of driver, and the mixture was electrophoresed in an agarose gel. Following electrophoresis, DNA was alkali-denatured in situ and allowed to reanneal in the gel, so that tracer DNA fragments could hybridize to the driver only when homologous driver DNA sequences were present at the same place in the gel, i.e. within a restriction fragment of the same size. After reannealing, unhybridized single-stranded DNA was digested in situ with S1 nuclease. The hybridized tracer DNA was detected by autoradiography. The general applicability of this technique was demonstrated in the following experiments. The common EcoRI restriction fragments were identified in the genomes of E. coli and four other species of bacteria. Two of these fragments are conserved in all Enterobacteriaceae. In other experiments, repeated EcoRI fragments of eukaryotic DNA were visualized as bands of various intensity after reassociation of a total genomic restriction digest in the gel. The situation of gene amplification was modeled by the addition of varying amounts of lambda phage DNA to eukaryotic DNA prior to restriction enzyme digestion. Restriction fragments of lambda DNA were detectable at a ratio of 15 copies per chicken genome and 30 copies per human genome. This approach was used to detect amplified DNA fragments in methotrexate (MTX)-resistant mouse cells and to identify commonly amplified fragments in two independently derived MTX-resistant lines.
Hyperlipidemic mice as a model for a real‐time in vivo detection of atherosclerosis by gold nanorods‐based diffusion reflection technique (2018)

Atherosclerosis (AS), the leading cause of morbidity and mortality in cardiovascular disease, needs an early detection for treatment and prevention of fatal events. Here, for the first time, we applied gold nanorods (GNRs)-assisted diffusion reflection (DR), a noninvasive technique for in vivo detection of AS in a high-fat-diet-induced c57bl mouse model, which resembles the manifestation of AS in humans. DR simply detects the change in light reflection profile of tissue due to the accumulation of GNRs in the AS plaques and enables clear detection of AS lesions in carotid and femoral arteries of these hyperlipidemic mice. After 24 hours post-GNRs injection, DR showed the highest efficiency of AS detection. Moreover, the sensitivity of the DR method is much higher than computed tomography (CT) and is comparable to ex vivo high-resolution CT. Our results strongly suggest that the DR method can detect early atherosclerotic lesions in a sensitive and specific manner.
Identification of full length β-amyloid precursor protein in human neuronal and non-neuronal cell culture supernatant: a possible extracellular source for the generation of Aβ (1994)

Abstractβ protein (Aβ) which is deposited in the amyloid plaques and vasculature in brains of Alzheimer's Disease (AD) patients is a 39 to 43 amino acid peptide proteolytically derived from the amyloid precursor protein (AβPP). Three major isoforms are expressed in the brain: AβPP751 and AβPP770 which contain a Kunitz-like protease inhibitor domain (KPI), and AβPP695 To date it is still unknown which AβPP isoforms are the precursors of Aβ, which proteolytic pathways are involved in its production, and if the processing occurs intracellularly and/or extracellularly. We now report the identification, by Western blot analysis, of an Aβ-containing AβPP protein which co-migrates with full length recombinant AβPP751 in the culture supernatant of two human neuroblastoma cell lines and in one human kidney cell line. This protein is recognized with six different antibodies towards AβPP targeting intracellular, extracel lular, and the Aβ region of AβPP. The immunodetection of this Aβ precursor is shown to be specific by absorption. The presence of full length AβPP in culture supernatant strongly suggests that some processing of ApPP may occur extracellularly. The recent identification of two soluble and/ or secreted proteases from AD and monkey brain both capable of processing recombinant AβPP in vitro1,2 suggests that Aβ production may occur extracellularly in vivo by an undescribed mechanism.Key Words: ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE (AD)AMYLOID PRECURSOR PROTEIN (AβPP)AMYLOID BETA PROTEIN (Aβ)CELL CULTUREEXTRACELLULAR PROCESSINGAMYLOID PRECURSOR-LIKE PROTEIN (APLP)
Cross-Protective Immune Responses Elicited by Live Attenuated Influenza Vaccines (2013)

The desired effect of vaccination is to elicit protective immune responses against infection with pathogenic agents. An inactivated influenza vaccine is able to induce the neutralizing antibodies directed primarily against two surface antigens, hemagglutinin and neuraminidase. These two antigens undergo frequent antigenic drift and hence necessitate the annual update of a new vaccine strain. Besides the antigenic drift, the unpredictable emergence of the pandemic influenza strain, as seen in the 2009 pandemic H1N1, underscores the development of a new influenza vaccine that elicits broadly protective immunity against the diverse influenza strains. Cold-adapted live attenuated influenza vaccines (CAIVs) are advocated as a more appropriate strategy for cross-protection than inactivated vaccines and extensive studies have been conducted to address the issues in animal models. Here, we briefly describe experimental and clinical evidence for cross-protection by the CAIVs against antigenically distant strains and discuss possible explanations for cross-protective immune responses afforded by CAIVs. Potential barriers to the achievement of a universal influenza vaccine are also discussed, which will provide useful guidelines for future research on designing an ideal influenza vaccine with broad protection without causing pathogenic effects such as autoimmunity or attrition of protective immunity against homologous infection.
Broadly Protective Vaccine for <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i> Based on an in Vivo-Expressed Antigen (1999)

Vaccines based on preferential expression of bacterial antigens during human infection have not been described. Staphylococcus aureus synthesized poly-N-succinyl beta-1-6 glucosamine (PNSG) as a surface polysaccharide during human and animal infection, but few strains expressed PNSG in vitro. All S. aureus strains examined carried genes for PNSG synthesis. Immunization protected mice against kidney infections and death from strains that produced little PNSG in vitro. Nonimmune infected animals made antibody to PNSG, but serial in vitro cultures of kidney isolates yielded mostly cells that did not produce PNSG. PNSG is a candidate for use in a vaccine to protect against S. aureus infection.
Polymer Filtration Membranes (2009)

Abstract Polymer filtration membranes have been a focus of research since the late eighteenth century and became a thriving industry in the twentieth century. Today, membranes are used in commercial applications spanning from drinking water purification to gas separations, with a market that is expected to grow to more than $10 billion by 2010. This article describes the materials and morphologies commonly found in today's commercial membranes, along with their methods of manufacture. Membranes classified according to retentate size as microfiltration, ultrafiltration, nanofiltration, or reverse osmosis are introduced, along with ion exchange and gas separation membranes. The primary mechanisms by which these different membranes achieve separation during filtration are described, as well as example applications. Permeability, molecular weight cutoff, and rejection/retention are introduced as metrics for membrane performance comparisons. Membrane fouling is discussed as a chief obstacle to the more widespread use of membranes in wastewater treatment and other applications involving high concentrations of organics in the feed stream. Mechanisms of membrane fouling are described along with approaches commonly employed to limit fouling, including membrane surface modification, process optimization, and pretreatment of the feed. The future outlook of the polymer filtration membrane industry is touched upon in the context of increasing demand for fresh water and continuing improvements in membrane performance anticipated by research advances.
Serum Metabolite Profiling for the Detection of Pancreatic Cancer (2016)

Our validation results confirmed that a reduction in PC-594, along with 3 other serum-based choline metabolites, is highly associated with PC.
Trophoblasts Isolated from the Maternal Circulation: In Vitro Expansion and Potential Application in Non-invasive Prenatal Diagnosis (2005)

Prenatal diagnosis based on rare fetal cells in maternal blood is currently not a feasible option. An effort was made to improve cell yields by targeting trophoblast cells. After sorting, the HLA-G-positive cell fraction was analyzed directly or after culture. In situ hybridization technology was applied to prove fetal cell source in samples from women carrying a male fetus and to predict gender in samples without previous knowledge of fetal sex. In vitro culture led to a significant increase in fetal cells and accurate gender prediction in 93% of these samples. This approach might be useful for non-invasive prenatal diagnosis.
An iterative learning controller for reduction of repetitive runout in disk drives (2006)

This paper considers the design of an iterative learning controller for the reduction of repeatable runout (RRO) in disk drives. The advocated controller is an add-on controller that does not require modification to the existing track following controller. A design methodology is provided for the selection of the parameters of the update law to ensure convergent learning. It is shown that the update law to ensure convergent learning is equivalent to stabilization of a multi-input multi-output system using static output feedback. Experimental results using a 3.5-in Western Digital drive show that a 50% reduction in the sigma of the RRO is achieved in ten iterations when the levels of repetitive and nonrepeatable runout in the position error signal are comparable.
Characterization of Inhibitory Anti-insulin-like Growth Factor Receptor Antibodies with Different Epitope Specificity and Ligand-blocking Properties (2009)

Therapeutic antibodies directed against the type 1 insulin-like growth factor receptor (IGF-1R) have recently gained significant momentum in the clinic because of preliminary data generated in human patients with cancer. These antibodies inhibit ligand-mediated activation of IGF-1R and the resulting down-stream signaling cascade. Here we generated a panel of antibodies against IGF-1R and screened them for their ability to block the binding of both IGF-1 and IGF-2 at escalating ligand concentrations (>1 microm) to investigate allosteric versus competitive blocking mechanisms. Four distinct inhibitory classes were found as follows: 1) allosteric IGF-1 blockers, 2) allosteric IGF-2 blockers, 3) allosteric IGF-1 and IGF-2 blockers, and 4) competitive IGF-1 and IGF-2 blockers. The epitopes of representative antibodies from each of these classes were mapped using a purified IGF-1R library containing 64 mutations. Most of these antibodies bound overlapping surfaces on the cysteine-rich repeat and L2 domains. One class of allosteric IGF-1 and IGF-2 blocker was identified that bound a separate epitope on the outer surface of the FnIII-1 domain. Using various biophysical techniques, we show that the dual IGF blockers inhibit ligand binding using a spectrum of mechanisms ranging from highly allosteric to purely competitive. Binding of IGF-1 or the inhibitory antibodies was associated with conformational changes in IGF-1R, linked to the ordering of dynamic or unstructured regions of the receptor. These results suggest IGF-1R uses disorder/order within its polypeptide sequence to regulate its activity. Interestingly, the activity of representative allosteric and competitive inhibitors on H322M tumor cell growth in vitro was reflective of their individual ligand-blocking properties. Many of the antibodies in the clinic likely adopt one of the inhibitory mechanisms described here, and the outcome of future clinical studies may reveal whether a particular inhibitory mechanism leads to optimal clinical efficacy.
Review efforts reduction by partitioning of static analysis warnings (2013)

Static analysis has been successfully employed in software verification, however the number of generated warnings and cost incurred in their manual review is a major concern. In this paper we present a novel idea to reduce manual review efforts by identifying redundancy in this review process. We propose two partitioning techniques to identify redundant warnings - 1) partitioning of the warnings with each partition having one leader warning such that if the leader is a false positive, so are all the warnings in its partition which need not be reviewed and 2) further partitioning the leader warnings based on similarity of the modification points of variables referred to in their expressions. The second technique makes the review process faster by identifying further redundancies and it also makes the reviewing of a warning easier due to the associated information of modification points. Empirical results obtained with these grouping techniques indicate that, on an average, 60% of warnings are redundant in the review context and skipping their review would lead to a reduction of 50-60% in manual review efforts.
Semi-active, fail-safe magneto-rheological fluid dampers for mountain bicycles (2003)

This paper presents the development and evaluation of field-controllable, semi-active fail-safe magneto-rheological fluid (MRF) dampers for a mountain bicycle. A fail-safe damper refers to a damper that retains a minimum required damping capacity in the event of a power supply or electronic system failures. Two new MRF dampers are designed and tested with the intent of being used on the front and rear suspension of a mountain bicycle. The MRF dampers are designed to emulate the performance of the original equipment manufacturer (OEM) shock absorbers in the passive off mode (i.e. no magnetic field). Procedures and results are presented for the design and experimental characterisation of these MRF dampers.
Simplex air blast fuel injection (1993)

An air blast fuel injection system for the atomization of fuel for ignition to drive a gas turbine is described, comprising: a nozzle having an orifice, the nozzle being sized and constructed to produce a stream of atomized fuel issuing form its orifice at least at a minimum fuel pressure during the operation of the turbine; fuel supply means for supplying the fuel to the nozzle at least at the minimum fuel pressure during the turbine operation, the fuel supply means also supplying fuel to the same nozzle during startup of the turbine but at a pressure which is substantially lower than the minimum fuel pressure to form a fuel film issuing from the nozzle orifice which is insufficiently atomized to permit initiation of ignition; air supply means for supplying air at least at a minimum pressure to the fuel issuing from the nozzle orifice during turbine operation and at a pressure substantially lower than the minimum pressure during turbine startup; and air directing means for imparting a swirling motion to the substantially lower pressure air from the air supply means and directing the swirling air toward the insufficiently atomized fuel film as it issues from the orifice during startupmore » of the turbine to explode and atomize the film sufficiently to permit initiation of ignition.« less
Tilted ion implantation as a cost-efficient sublithographic patterning technique (2016)

Tilted ion implantation (TII) is experimentally demonstrated to be a promising approach to pattern features smaller than pre-existing mask features on the surface of a wafer substrate. A key to this approach is a substantial change in the etch rate of a thin masking layer by TII. Fifteen degrees-tilted Ar+ implantation into a 10 nm-thick thermally grown silicon dioxide (SiO2) masking layer at a dose of 3 × 1014 cm−2 enhances its etch rate in dilute hydrofluoric acid solution by a factor of approximately 9. The features defined by TII are shown to be self-aligned to the pre-existing mask features and to have critical dimensions that can be adjusted by changing the implant tilt angle (θ) and/or geometrical dimensions of the pre-existing mask features. In this work, trenches of width as small as ∼9 nm and sub-20 nm holes are achieved by TII-enhanced patterning.
Synthesis and Pharmacological Evolution of Tetrahydroisoquinolines as Anti Breast Cancer Agents (2014)

Breast cancer is leading cause of mortality among women, resulting in more than half a million deaths worldwide each year. Unfortunately, the recovery rate of advanced breast cancer by current available drug treatment is till unacceptably low. Chemotherapy is the main stay of cancer treatment and most of the drugs cause general toxicity to any non-proliferating cells, which can severely limit the therapeutic values of these drugs. Tetrahydroisoqinoline derivatives (THIQs) were identified as subtype selective estrogen receptor antagonists/agonists hence, potential therapeutic agents for breast cancer. Substituted THIQs were synthesized and well characterized. Antiproliferative activity against human ER (+) MCF-7 (Breast), ER(-) MDA-MB-231 (breast) and Ishikawa (endometrial) cancer cell lines were studied after 72 hours drug exposure employing CellTiter-Glo assay at concentrations ranging from 0.01-100,000 nM. The activities of these compounds were compared with Tamoxifen (TAM). <i>In-vitro</i> results indicated that most of the compounds showed better activity than TAM. The most active compounds obtained in this study were <b>6a</b>, <b>6b</b>, <b>6d</b> and <b>6j</b> (IC<sub>50</sub>=0.63, 0.23; 0.93, 0.21; 043, 0.01; 0.7, 0.02 μg/ml) against MCF-7 and Ishikawa cell lines, in comparison to Tamoxifen activity (IC<sub>50</sub>=5.14, 4.55 μg/ml). The newly synthesized molecules were docked in the active sites of the ER-α (PDB: 3ERT) and ER-β (PDB: 3ERT) crystal structures and probable binding modes of this class of molecules were determined.