gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
The La Protein (2002)

Ubiquitous in eukaryotic cells, the La protein associates with the 3' termini of many newly synthesized small RNAs. RNAs bound by the La protein include all nascent transcripts made by RNA polymerase III as well as certain small RNAs synthesized by other RNA polymerases. Recent genetic and biochemical analyses have revealed that binding by the La protein protects the 3' ends of these RNAs from exonucleases. This La-mediated stabilization is required for the normal pathway of pre-tRNA maturation, facilitates assembly of small RNAs into functional RNA-protein complexes, and contributes to nuclear retention of certain small RNAs. Studies of mutant La proteins have given some insights into how the La protein specifically recognizes its RNA targets. However, many questions remain regarding the molecular mechanisms by which La protein binding influences multiple steps in small RNA biogenesis. This review focuses on the roles of the La protein in small RNA biogenesis and also discusses data that implicate the La protein in the translation of specific mRNAs.
Induction of Emetic Response to Staphylococcal Enterotoxins in the House Musk Shrew ( <i>Suncus murinus</i> ) (2002)

The emetic responses induced by staphylococcal enterotoxin A (SEA), SEB, SEC2, SED, SEE, SEG, SEH, and SEI in the house musk shrew (Suncus murinus) were investigated. SEA, SEE, and SEI showed higher emetic activity in the house musk shrew than the other SEs. SEB, SEC2, SED, SEG, and SEH also induced emetic responses in this animal model but relatively high doses were required. The house musk shrew appears to be a valuable model for studying the mechanisms of emetic reactions caused by SEs.
The silicon photomultiplier: fundamentals and applications of a modern solid-state photon detector (2020)

The silicon photomultiplier (SiPM) is an established device of choice for a variety of applications, e.g. in time of flight positron emission tomography (TOF-PET), lifetime fluorescence spectroscopy, distance measurements in LIDAR applications, astrophysics, quantum-cryptography and related applications as well as in high energy physics (HEP). To fully utilize the exceptional performances of the SiPM, in particular its sensitivity down to single photon detection, the dynamic range and its intrinsically fast timing properties, a qualitative description and understanding of the main SiPM parameters and properties is necessary. These analyses consider the structure and the electrical model of a single photon avalanche diode (SPAD) and the integration in an array of SPADs, i.e. the SiPM. The discussion will include the front-end readout and the comparison between analog-SiPMs, where the array of SPADs is connected in parallel, and the digital SiPM, where each SPAD is read out and digitized by its own electronic channel. For several applications a further complete phenomenological view on SiPMs is necessary, defining several SiPM intrinsic parameters, i.e. gain fluctuation, afterpulsing, excess noise, dark count rate, prompt and delayed optical crosstalk, single photon time resolution (SPTR), photon detection effieciency (PDE) etc. These qualities of SiPMs influence directly and indirectly the time and energy resolution, for example in PET and HEP. This complete overview of all parameters allows one to draw solid conclusions on how best performances can be achieved for the various needs of the different applications.
Using Oracle8 (1998)

From the Publisher:
Learn how to build an efficient Oracle8 database, understand database organization and predict storage requirements, find out how to use Oracle's tools to manage your database, become proficient at backing up and tuning your database, and get expert hints and tips to help DBAs on their job.
From Research Subgroup to Clinical Syndrome: Modifying the PANDAS Criteria to Describe PANS (Pediatric Acute-onset Neuropsychiatric Syndrome) (2012)

Despite continued debates about the role of Group A streptococcal infections in the etiopathogenesis of PANDAS (Pediatric Autoimmune Neuropsychiatric Disorders Associated with Streptococcal infections), experts on both sides of the controversy agree that a subgroup of children with obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) have an unusually abrupt onset of symptoms, accompanied by a variety of comparably severe and acute neuropsychiatric symptoms. The acuity of symptom onset is the hallmark feature of their clinical presentation and the basis for the name proposed for an expanded clinical entity: Pediatric Acute-onset Neuropsychiatric Syndrome (PANS). Modifying the PANDAS criteria to eliminate etiologic factors and to clarify the initial clinical presentation produced three potential diagnostic criteria for PANS. These three criteria are discussed in detail. The article also proposes strategies for applying the PANS criteria in clinical settings and evaluating their validity and reliability through prospective research investigations.
The role of the miR-200 family in epithelial-mesenchymal transition (2010)

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are single-stranded, non-coding RNA molecules that regulate gene expression at the post-transcriptional level. Genes encoding miRNAs are located in regions of the genome that are commonly amplified, deleted or rearranged. They are commonly dysregulated in human cancers and known to act as oncogenes or tumor suppressors. Members of the miR-200 miRNA family are downregulated in human cancer cells and tumors due to aberrant epigenetic gene silencing and play a critical role in the suppression of epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT), tumor cell adhesion, migration, invasion and metastasis, by targeting and repressing the expression of key mRNAs that are involved in EMT (ZEB1 and ZEB2), β-catenin/Wnt signaling (β-catenin), EGFR inhibitor resistance (ERRFI-1) and chemoresistance to therapeutic agents (TUBB3). Since the miR-200 family functions as putative tumor suppressors and represent biomarkers for poorly differentiated and aggressive cancers, restoration of miR-200 expression may have therapeutic implications for the treatment of metastatic and drug-resistant tumors.
A novel 3D antenna for LTE MIMO systems (2017)

Two low-profile and compact 3D antennas operating at LTE, GSM and UMTS frequency bands (790-2690 MHz) are here numerically analyzed for a vehicular MIMO system. After an analysis of the single element performance, two identical 3D antennas are considered. A preliminary numerical analysis on the effect of geometrical parameters such as inter-element distance and reciprocal orientation have been discussed to improve the two-antenna system performance in terms of impedance matching, isolation and envelope correlation coefficient.
Human vision is determined based on information theory (2016)

It is commonly accepted that the evolution of the human eye has been driven by the maximum intensity of the radiation emitted by the Sun. However, the interpretation of the surrounding environment is constrained not only by the amount of energy received but also by the information content of the radiation. Information is related to entropy rather than energy. The human brain follows Bayesian statistical inference for the interpretation of visual space. The maximization of information occurs in the process of maximizing the entropy. Here, we show that the photopic and scotopic vision absorption peaks in humans are determined not only by the intensity but also by the entropy of radiation. We suggest that through the course of evolution, the human eye has not adapted only to the maximum intensity or to the maximum information but to the optimal wavelength for obtaining information. On Earth, the optimal wavelengths for photopic and scotopic vision are 555 nm and 508 nm, respectively, as inferred experimentally. These optimal wavelengths are determined by the temperature of the star (in this case, the Sun) and by the atmospheric composition.
Strategies for Exploiting Independent Cloud Implementations of Biometric Experts in Multibiometric Scenarios (2014)

Cloud computing represents one of the fastest growing areas of technology and offers a new computing model for various applications and services. This model is particularly interesting for the area of biometric recognition, where scalability, processing power, and storage requirements are becoming a bigger and bigger issue with each new generation of recognition technology. Next to the availability of computing resources, another important aspect of cloud computing with respect to biometrics is accessibility. Since biometric cloud services are easily accessible, it is possible to combine different existing implementations and design new multibiometric services that next to almost unlimited resources also offer superior recognition performance and, consequently, ensure improved security to its client applications. Unfortunately, the literature on the best strategies of how to combine existing implementations of cloud‐based biometric experts into a multibiometric service is virtually nonexistent. In this paper, we try to close this gap and evaluate different strategies for combining existing biometric experts into a multibiometric cloud service. We analyze the (fusion) strategies from different perspectives such as performance gains, training complexity, or resource consumption and present results and findings important to software developers and other researchers working in the areas of biometrics and cloud computing. The analysis is conducted based on two biometric cloud services, which are also presented in the paper.
WSN platform Plug-and-Play (PnP) customization (2014)

Configuring a WSN platform to work seamlessly for various applications is a desirable feature in WSN platforms. Such feature allows expedited design and deployment catering for new applications using existing platforms. This paper describes a Plug-and-Play (PnP) protocol which allows the customizing of WSN platforms for a broad range of applications using sensor modules. Sensor modules are independent sensing devices that attach to a WSN platform and provide an application dependent solution. Sensor modules are automatically detected and configured by Sprouts upon their attachment to one of the available PnP sensor module ports.
Interpolation of missing data in image sequences (1995)

This paper presents a number of model based interpolation schemes tailored to the problem of interpolating missing regions in image sequences. These missing regions may be of arbitrary size and of random, but known, location. This problem occurs regularly with archived film material. The film is abraded or obscured in patches, giving rise to bright and dark flashes, known as "dirt and sparkle" in the motion picture industry. Both 3-D autoregressive models and 3-D Markov random fields are considered in the formulation of the different reconstruction processes. The models act along motion directions estimated using a multiresolution block matching scheme. It is possible to address this sort of impulsive noise suppression problem with median filters, and comparisons with earlier work using multilevel median filters are performed. These comparisons demonstrate the higher reconstruction fidelity of the new interpolators.
Low-cost, Concurrent Checking of Pointer and Array Accesses in C Programs (1997)

Illegal pointer and array accesses are a major cause of failure for C programs. We present a technique called ‘guarding’ to catch illegal array and pointer accesses. Our implementation of guarding for C programs works as a source-to-source translator. Auxiliary objects called guards are added to a user program to monitor pointer and array accesses at run time. Guards maintain attributes to catch out of bounds array accesses and accesses to deallocated memory. Our system has found a number of previously unreported errors in widely-used Unix utilities and SPEC92 benchmarks. Many commonly used programs have bugs which may not always manifest themselves as a program crash, but may instead produce a subtly wrong answer. These programs are not routinely checked for run-time errors because the increase in execution time due to run-time checking can be very high. We present two techniques to handle the high cost of run-time checking of pointer and array accesses in C programs: ‘customization’ and ‘shadow processing’. Customization works by decoupling run-time checking from original computation. A user program is customized for guarding by throwing away computation not relevant for guarding. We have explored using program slicing for customization. Customization can cut the overhead of guarding by up to half. Shadow processing uses idle processors in multiprocessor workstations to perform run-time checking in the background. A user program is instrumented to obtain a ‘main process’ and a ‘shadow process’. The main process performs computations from the orignal program, occasionally communicating a few key values to the shadow process. The shadow process follows the main process, checking pointer and array accesses. The overhead to the main process which the user sees is very low – almost always less than 10%. © 1997 by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Coffee and tea consumption and the risk of Parkinson's disease (2007)

Several prospective studies have assessed the association between coffee consumption and Parkinson's disease (PD) risk, but the results are inconsistent. We examined the association of coffee and tea consumption with the risk of incident PD among 29,335 Finnish subjects aged 25 to 74 years without a history of PD at baseline. During a mean follow-up of 12.9 years, 102 men and 98 women developed an incident PD. The multivariate-adjusted (age, body mass index, systolic blood pressure, total cholesterol, education, leisure-time physical activity, smoking, alcohol and tea consumption, and history of diabetes) hazard ratios (HRs) of PD associated with the amount of coffee consumed daily (0, 1-4, and > or = 5 cups) were 1.00, 0.55, and 0.41 (P for trend = 0.063) in men, 1.00, 0.50, and 0.39 (P for trend = 0.073) in women, and 1.00, 0.53, and 0.40 (P for trend = 0.005) in men and women combined (adjusted also for sex), respectively. In both sexes combined, the multivariate-adjusted HRs of PD for subjects drinking > or = 3 cups of tea daily compared with tea nondrinkers was 0.41 (95% CI 0.20-0.83). These results suggest that coffee drinking is associated with a lower risk of PD. More tea drinking is associated with a lower risk of PD.
Reduced expression of thrombopoietin is involved in thrombocytopenia in human and rat liver cirrhosis (1998)

It is widely accepted that thrombocytopenia associated with liver cirrhosis is caused by increased platelet destruction in the enlarged spleen, but this issue has not yet been analysed sufficiently in terms of platelet production. Thrombopoietin is produced mainly in the liver and strongly promotes platelet production. We studied serum thrombopoietin and the levels of its mRNA in liver tissue of cirrhotic patients and also in a rat model of liver cirrhosis. Furthermore, to clarify the influence of the spleen, we investigated thrombopoietin mRNA in splenectomized rats. The serum thrombopoietin level in humans with liver cirrhosis was not significantly reduced instead of thrombocytopenia. The expression of thrombopoietin mRNA in liver tissue decreased with the progression of liver cirrhosis in both patients and the rat model and no compensatory expression was observed in other organs or non-parenchymal cells. The level of thrombopoietin mRNA did not differ significantly in splenectomized cirrhotic rats before or after administration of dimethylnitrosamine, but was lower than that in splenectomized rats without cirrhosis. We conclude that thrombocytopenia in liver cirrhosis is caused not only by platelet destruction but also by decreased platelet production, perhaps due to reduction of thrombopoietin mRNA in the liver.
Spontaneous Efferent Activity in Branches of the Vagus Nerve Controlling Heart Rate and Ventilation in the Dogfish (1985)

Efferent activity was recorded from cranial nerves in the decerebrate dogfish (Scyliorhinus canicula) before and after injection of paralysing drugs. The recordings were made from the mandibular (Vth) and glossopharyngeal (IXth) nerves and the branchial (respiratory) and cardiac branches of the vagus (Xth) nerve. All the respiratory branches (Vth, IXth and Xth) and both cardiac branches fired rhythmic bursts of activity, synchronous with ventilation, which continued (at a higher rate) following paralysis, indicating that they originated in the CNS rather than arising reflexly from stimulation of pharyngeal mechanoreceptors. A burst of activity in the Vth nerve was followed by a burst in the IXth then, after a 30-ms delay, simultaneous bursts in the three respiratory branches of the Xth. The bursts in the branchial cardiac branches had a fixed phase relationship with activity in the respiratory branches, the onset of each burst preceding that in the immediately adjacent branch (branchial III), whereas the bursts in the visceral cardiac branches had a variable phase relationship with all other branches. The branchial cardiac branches alone contained units which fired sporadically between the bursts and increased their rate of firing during hypoxia. Both the bursting and non-bursting units responded to mechanical stimulation of the gill area. Separate oscillatory inputs driving the Vth, IXth and Xth respiratory motoneurones and an excitatory input to the bursting cardiac vagal motoneurones from expiratory motoneurones or the respiratory rhythm generator are implied by these relationships. The sporadically firing units in the branchial cardiac nerves clearly receive non-oscillatory inputs.
Tailoring of Deep‐Red Luminescence in Ca<sub>2</sub>SiO<sub>4</sub>:Eu<sup>2+</sup> (2014)

Abstract We report a new dicalcium silicate phosphor, Ca 2− x Eu x SiO 4 , which emits red light in response to blue‐light excitation. When excited at 450 nm, deep‐red emission at 650 nm was clearly observed in Ca 1.2 Eu 0.8 SiO 4 , the external and internal quantum efficiencies of which were 44 % and 50 %, respectively. The red emission from Ca 2− x Eu x SiO 4 was strongly related to the peculiar coordination environments of Eu 2+ in two types of Ca sites. The red‐emitting Ca 2 SiO 4 :Eu 2+ phosphors are promising materials for next‐generation, white‐light‐emitting diode applications.
Inhibition of<i>Plasmodium falciparum</i>Growth In Vitro and Adhesion to Chondroitin-4-Sulfate by the Heparan Sulfate Mimetic PI-88 and Other Sulfated Oligosaccharides (2006)

A panel of sulfated oligosaccharides was tested for antimalarial activity and inhibition of adhesion to the placental malaria receptor chondroitin-4-sulfate (CSA). The heparan sulfate mimetic PI-88, currently undergoing phase II anticancer trials, displayed the greatest in vitro antimalarial activity against Plasmodium falciparum (50% inhibitory concentration of 7.4 microM) and demonstrated modest adhesion inhibition to cell surface CSA.
Targeting Unoccupied Surfaces on Protein–Protein Interfaces (2017)

The use of peptidomimetic scaffolds to target protein–protein interfaces is a promising strategy for inhibitor design. The strategy relies on mimicry of protein motifs that exhibit a concentration of native hot spot residues. To address this constraint, we present a pocket-centric computational design strategy guided by AlphaSpace to identify high-quality pockets near the peptidomimetic motif that are both targetable and unoccupied. Alpha-clusters serve as a spatial representation of pocket space and are used to guide the selection of natural and non-natural amino acid mutations to design inhibitors that optimize pocket occupation across the interface. We tested the strategy against a challenging protein–protein interaction target, KIX/MLL, by optimizing a single helical motif within MLL to compete against the full-length wild-type MLL sequence. Molecular dynamics simulation and experimental fluorescence polarization assays are used to verify the efficacy of the optimized peptide sequence.
Performance, energy, and reliability tradeoffs in replicating hot cache lines (2003)

The importance of L1 data caches makes their performance, power consumption, and data integrity characteristics extremely critical in embedded systems design. We examine these issues in the context of a mechanism that tries to enhance data cache reliability by replicating cache lines (blocks) in active use. When replicating data cache lines, it is important to not evict other lines that may be needed or to not incur very high power consumption. We evaluate the tradeoffs between these three goals (reliability, energy, and performance) by modulating two important parameters, namely, the hot-block threshold and the dead-block threshold. We show that having a hot-block threshold in the range of 10-1000 cycles can provide good reliability characteristics, without compromising on performance or power. At the same time, our results indicate that one could use aggressive dead-block thresholds to provide leakage power savings without compromising on the performance and reliability characteristics. The results from this paper can be used to design power, performance, and reliability enhanced cache architectures.
Scalable focused ion beam creation of nearly lifetime-limited single quantum emitters in diamond nanostructures (2017)

The controlled creation of defect centre-nanocavity systems is one of the outstanding challenges for efficiently interfacing spin quantum memories with photons for photon-based entanglement operations in a quantum network. Here we demonstrate direct, maskless creation of atom-like single silicon vacancy (SiV) centres in diamond nanostructures via focused ion beam implantation with ∼32 nm lateral precision and <50 nm positioning accuracy relative to a nanocavity. We determine the Si+ ion to SiV centre conversion yield to be ∼2.5% and observe a 10-fold conversion yield increase by additional electron irradiation. Low-temperature spectroscopy reveals inhomogeneously broadened ensemble emission linewidths of ∼51 GHz and close to lifetime-limited single-emitter transition linewidths down to 126±13 MHz corresponding to ∼1.4 times the natural linewidth. This method for the targeted generation of nearly transform-limited quantum emitters should facilitate the development of scalable solid-state quantum information processors.
Low cost actuator and sensor for high-fidelity haptic interfaces (2004)

This paper describes a novel motor and encoder concept that is designed to reduce cost. The new design uses a low-cost stepper motor and a low-resolution optical encoder, together with high speed digital signal processing to achieve high torque levels with low ripple, as well as accurate position and velocity sensing. While more involved electronics and signal processing are required, the cost of these components continue to decrease compared to that of motors and sensors, making the overall proposed design feasible and economical. Data from a prototype implementation demonstrate the promise of this design.
EM-ANN models for design of CPW patch antennas (2002)

EM-ANN models have been developed for design of a CPW patch antenna fed at the radiating edge. A wide-band sample design has been carried out at 5.5 GHz. Experimental results reported validate the procedure developed.