gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A two-satellite method for measurement of sea surface temperature (1984)

Abstract A major factor limiting the accuracy of satellite infrared measurements of sea surface temperature is the inability to accurately account for the absorption and emission of the intervening atmosphere. A new method of atmospheric correction is proposed which utilizes simultaneous coverage by two satellites. The two-satellite method incorporates differences in the temperatures observed by the two satellites into a simple atmospheric model to derive a point-by-point correction for atmospheric effects. Compensation for the horizontal variability of the atmosphere is thereby achieved and the assumption of horizontal atmospheric uniformity, implicit in many previous correction techniques, is avoided. Data from the Gulf of Mexico is used to evaluate the accuracy of the method. This test case shows a mean error of − 0-40°C between surface truth and surface temperatures derived by the two-satellite technique. The standard deviation around the mean error is 10-60°C.
Anisotropic Depth Velocity Model Estimation Above the Receiver Array in Walkaway and 3D VSP Data (2010)

This paper presents a new method for interval VTI anisotropic parameter estimation from walkaway VSP data. The method utilizes duplex downgoing multiples (multiples with two reflections: from the boundary and free surface) for estimation of a layered depth velocity model above the borehole receiver array. A three-term NMO approximation function is used to estimate NMO velocity and a non-hyperbolic parameter. Assuming that the interval vertical velocity is known from zero-offset VSP data, Dix-type inversion is applied to the three parameters to invert them to interval Thomsen anisotropic parameters ε, δ above the receivers. Modeling results show reasonable accuracy for the interval Thomsen parameter estimates above the VSP receiver array. For 3D or multi-azimuthal walkaway survey, this approach is generalized for a model with horizontal homogeneous orthorhombic layers.
A new approach to online generation of association rules (2001)

We discuss the problem of online mining of association rules in a large database of sales transactions. The online mining is performed by preprocessing the data effectively in order to make it suitable for repeated online queries. We store the preprocessed data in such a way that online processing may be done by applying a graph theoretic search algorithm whose complexity is proportional to the size of the output. The result is an online algorithm which is independent of the size of the transactional data and the size of the preprocessed data. The algorithm is almost instantaneous in the size of the output. The algorithm also supports techniques for quickly discovering association rules from large itemsets. The algorithm is capable of finding rules with specific items in the antecedent or consequent. These association rules are presented in a compact form, eliminating redundancy. The use of nonredundant association rules helps significantly in the reduction of irrelevant noise in the data mining process.
CINE turbo spin echo imaging (2011)

High-resolution turbo spin echo (TSE) images have demonstrated important details of carotid artery morphology; however, it is evident that pulsatile blood and wall motion related to the cardiac cycle are still significant sources of image degradation. Although ECG gating can reduce artifacts due to cardiac-induced pulsations, gating is rarely used because it lengthens the acquisition time and can cause image degradation due to nonconstant repetition time. This work introduces a relatively simple method of converting a conventional TSE acquisition into a retrospectively ECG-correlated cineTSE sequence. The cineTSE sequence generates a full sequence of ECG-correlated images at each slice location throughout the cardiac cycle in the same scan time that is conventionally used by standard TSE sequences to produce a single image at each slice location. The cineTSE images exhibit reduced pulsatile artifacts associated with a gated sequence but without the increased scan time or associated nonconstant repetition time effects.
Predictive tools for stabilization of therapeutic proteins (2009)

Monoclonal antibodies represent the fastest growing class of pharmaceuticals. A major problem, however, is that the proteins are susceptible to aggregation at the high concentration commonly used during manufacturing and storage. Our recent publication describes a technology based on molecular simulations to identify aggregation-prone regions of proteins in silico. The technology, called spatial aggregation propensity (SAP), identifies hot-spots for aggregation based on the dynamic exposure of spatially-adjacent hydrophobic amino acids. Monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) in which patches with high-SAP scores are changed to patches with significantly reduced SAP scores via a single mutation are more stable than wild type, thus validating the SAP method for mapping aggregation-prone regions on proteins. We propose that the SAP technology will be useful for protein stabilization, and as a screening tool to bridge discovery and development of protein-based therapeutics by a rational assessment of the developability of candidate protein drugs.
Automated Real-Time Measurement o f Chemotactic Cell Motilit y (2001)

We have developed a novel method , (ECIS/taxis), for monitoring cell movemen t in response to chemotactic and chemokine t ic factors. In this system, cells migrate in a n under-agarose environment, and their pos i tions are monitored using the electric cell substrate impedance sensor technology t o measure the impedance change at a targe t electrode, that is lithographed onto the su b strate, as the cells arrive at the target. In th e studies reported here, Dictyostelium di s coideumwas used as a prototypical, motil e eukaryotic cell. Using the ECIS/taxis sy s tem, the arrival of cells at the target ele c trode was proportional to the dose of folat e used to stimulate the cells and could be a s sessed by changes in resistance at the ele c trode. ECIS/taxis was readily able to disti n guish between wild-type cells and a mutan t that is deficient in its chemotactic response . Finally, we have shown that an agent tha t interferes with chemotactic motility leads t o the delayed arrival of cells at the targe t electrode. The multi-well assay configur a tion allows for simultaneous automate d screening of many samples for chemotacti c or anti-chemotactic activity. This assay sy s tem is compatible with measurements o f mammalian cell movement and should b e valuable in the assessment of both agonist s and antagonists of cell movement .
MIMO Spatial Mode Adaptation at the Cell Edge Using Interferer Spatial Correlation (2009)

In conventional MIMO cellular systems, the spatial transmission mode, e.g. spatial multiplexing or transmit diversity, is chosen independently in each cell. Unfortunately, the optimum transmission mode for users that are interference limited depends to a large extent on the transmission mode used by interfering base stations. This paper proposes interference-aware link adaptation where base stations exchange their transmission plans with neighboring base stations and broadcast this information to the active users. Each user measures its long term susceptibility to spatial interference and returns this information to the base station via a spatial mode table. The base stations then schedule active users according to the decisions made in interfering base stations and the preferred transmission strategies of its own users. Simulations illustrate the ergodic sum rate the performance of switching between spatial multiplexing and statistical beamforming in different spatially correlated channels.
A Novel Coding Metasurface for Wireless Power Transfer Applications (2019)

We propose and implement a novel 1-bit coding metasurface that is capable of focusing and steering beam for enhancing power transfer efficiency of the electromagnetic (EM) wave-based wireless power transfer systems. The proposed metasurface comprises 16 × 16 unit cells which are designed with a fractal structure and the operating frequency of 5.8 GHz. One PIN diode is incorporated within each unit cell and enables two states with 180 ° phase change of the reflected signal at the unit cell. The two states of the unit cell correspond to the ON and OFF states of the PIN diode or “0” and “1” coding in the metasurface. By appropriately handling the ON/OFF states of the coding metasurface, we can control the reflected EM wave impinged on the metasurface. To verify the working ability of the coding metasurface, a prototype metasurface with a control board has been fabricated and measured. The results showed that the coding metasurface is capable of focusing beam to desired direction. For practical scenarios, we propose an adaptive optimal phase control scheme for focusing the beam to a mobile target. Furthermore, we prove that the proposed adaptive optimal phase control scheme outperforms the random phase control and beam synthesis schemes.
Electrochemical Reactions (2010)

Abstract The sections in this article are Introduction Electrochemical Methods Analytes Electrolytes Electrochemical Cell and Supercritical Fluid Delivery System Electrodes Working Electrode Reference Electrode Solvents Supercritical Carbon Dioxide Electrode Modification Hydrophobic Electrolytes Water‐in‐Carbon Dioxide Microemulsions Hydrofluorocarbon Supercritical Solvents Applications Electrochemical Synthesis in Supercritical Solvents Electrochemical Detection in Supercritical Solvents Conclusion and Outlook
Message-to-Satellite Allocation Strategies for Long GNSS Messages and application to the Galileo High Accuracy Service (2021)

Galileo is going to introduce the High Accuracy Service (HAS) in the near future. The HAS encoded message is longer than traditional GNSS messages and requires particular satellite allocation methods in order to avoid page repetitions. This paper proposes two candidate algorithms to allocate pages to satellites in an optimal way, then provides a preliminary characterization. By pairing satellites with the maximum possible in-between distances users on earth will experience a very low number of page repetitions ensuring a fast message retrieval.
Ph-positive Leukemia: A Transgenic Mouse Model (1993)

The presence of the BCR/ABL chimeric gene is the hallmark of defined types of human leukemia. To increase our knowledge of the oncogenic processes and to develop a model for this type of leukemia we generated a BCR/ABL (P190) transgenic mouse line. Over 95% of mice of this line die of leukemia or leukemia/lymphoma within 35-200 days of age. Karyotypically visible genetic alterations were absent from the early stages of BCR/ABL generated leukemia. A high frequency of aneuploidy was found in advanced leukemia indicating a primary and pivotal role for BCR/ABL in leukemogenesis. Moreover, the data suggest that BCR/ABL has a destabilizing effect on the regulation of the cell cycle. BCR/ABL expression was also found in tissues other than hematopoietic cells. However, this did not result in the development of solid tumors, strongly suggesting that the oncogenicity of BCR/ABL is limited to the hematopoietic lineage.
A sub-threshold FPGA with low-swing dual-VDD interconnect in 90nm CMOS (2010)

This paper presents a sub-threshold Field Programmable Gate Array (FPGA) that uses a low-swing dual-V <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">DD</sub> global interconnect fabric to reduce energy and improve delay. A 90nm chip implements the FPGA with 1134 LUTs, which is 2.7X smaller, 14X faster, and 4.7X less energy than a sub-threshold FPGA using conventional interconnect and 22X less energy than an equivalent FPGA at full V <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">DD</sub> .
Using UNFOLD to remove artifacts in parallel imaging and in partial‐Fourier imaging (2002)

Abstract In dynamic MRI, it is often difficult to achieve the acquisition speed required to resolve or freeze the temporal variations of the imaged object. Several MRI methods aim at speeding up the image acquisition process. Through assumptions and/or prior knowledge, these dynamic MRI methods allow part of the needed data to be calculated instead of acquired. For example, partial‐Fourier imaging assumes that phase varies smoothly within the object, and parallel imaging (e.g., simultaneous acquisition of spatial harmonics (SMASH) and sensitivity encoding (SENSE)) uses prior knowledge about receiver‐coil sensitivity. While these methods accelerate acquisition, they can introduce artifacts or amplify noise in doing so. The present work aims at accelerating image acquisition significantly, while introducing almost no artifacts or noise amplification. It is shown here that new, extra information is gained if dynamic MRI methods are modified so that the sampling function changes in specific ways from time‐frame to time‐frame. In other words, the set of k ‐space locations that are acquired (instead of calculated) changes with time. The present temporal strategy, based on the UNaliasing by Fourier‐encoding the Overlaps in the temporaL Dimension (UNFOLD) method, can be incorporated into common dynamic MRI methods. Results with partial‐Fourier, SMASH, and SENSE imaging are presented here, where UNFOLD's contribution is to very significantly reduce the artifact and/or amplified noise content. Used in this way, UNFOLD contributes indirectly, rather than directly to the improvement in image acquisition speed, as it allows companion methods to operate properly at greater acceleration settings than would otherwise be feasible. Magn Reson Med 48:493–501, 2002. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Novel C-arm based cone-beam CT using a source trajectory of two concentric arcs (2007)

The first results from an interventional C-arm based computed tomography system where a complete source trajectory was used are presented. A scan with two arcs which are joined approximately at the center of their paths (CC trajectory) is utilized here. This trajectory satisfies Tuy's sufficiency condition for a large volume, but is not well populated with PI-lines. Therefore, a non-PI-line based reconstruction method is required. The desire for high dose efficiency led to the selection of an equal weighting based method. An FBP type reconstruction algorithm which was derived for two orthogonal concentric circles was utilized for reconstruction. The concept of a virtual image object was used to relate the projections from the two acquired non-orthogonal arcs to projections of a virtual object from two orthogonal arcs. Geometrical calibration is vital when performing tomography from an interventional system, and was incorporated here with the use of a homogeneous virtual projection matrix. The results demonstrate a significant reduction in cone-beam artifacts when the complete source trajectory is utilized.
Gene transfer into the rat renal glomerulus via a mesangial cell vector: site-specific delivery, in situ amplification, and sustained expression of an exogenous gene in vivo. (1994)

To evaluate the pathophysiological function of specific molecules in the renal glomerulus, selective, sustained, and modifiable expression of such molecules will be required. Towards achieving this end, we devised a gene transfer system using the glomerular mesangial cell as a vector for gene delivery. A reporter gene which encodes bacterial beta-galactosidase was introduced into cultured rat mesangial cells, and the stable transfectants were transferred into the rat kidney via the renal artery, leading to selective entrapment within the glomeruli. In the normal kidney, the reporter cells populated into 57 +/- 13% of glomeruli site specifically, and the expression of beta-galactosidase was sustained for 4 wk and declined thereafter. Within the glomerulus, some of the reporter cells remained in the glomerular capillaries, while others repopulated the mesangial area and, in part, extended their cytoplasmic processes toward the surrounding capillaries. When the cells were transferred into glomeruli subjected to transient mesangiolysis induced by monoclonal antibody 1-22-3, in situ expression of beta-galactosidase was amplified 7-12-fold, and the enhanced level of expression continued for up to 8 wk. The mesangial cell vector system thus achieves site-specific delivery of an exogenous gene into the glomerulus and is amenable to in situ amplification and sustained expression by preconditioning of the target site.
Frequent <i>ATRX</i> , <i>CIC</i> , <i>FUBP1</i> and <i>IDH1</i> mutations refine the classification of malignant gliomas (2012)

Mutations in the critical chromatin modifier ATRX and mutations in CIC and FUBP1, which are potent regulators of cell growth, have been discovered in specific subtypes of gliomas, the most common type of primary malignant brain tumors. However, the frequency of these mutations in many subtypes of gliomas, and their association with clinical features of the patients, is poorly understood. Here we analyzed these loci in 363 brain tumors. ATRX is frequently mutated in grade II-III astrocytomas (71%), oligoastrocytomas (68%), and secondary glioblastomas (57%), and ATRX mutations are associated with IDH1 mutations and with an alternative lengthening of telomeres phenotype. CIC and FUBP1 mutations occurred frequently in oligodendrogliomas (46% and 24%, respectively) but rarely in astrocytomas or oligoastrocytomas ( more than 10%). This analysis allowed us to define two highly recurrent genetic signatures in gliomas: IDH1/ATRX (I-A) and IDH1/CIC/FUBP1 (I-CF). Patients with I-CF gliomas had a significantly longer median overall survival (96 months) than patients with I-A gliomas (51 months) and patients with gliomas that did not harbor either signature (13 months). The genetic signatures distinguished clinically distinct groups of oligoastrocytoma patients, which usually present a diagnostic challenge, and were associated with differences in clinical outcome even among individual tumor types. In addition to providing new clues about the genetic alterations underlying gliomas, the results have immediate clinical implications, providing a tripartite genetic signature that can serve as a useful adjunct to conventional glioma classification that may aid in prognosis, treatment selection, and therapeutic trial design.
Electrochemical processing of electrically conductive polymer fibers (1993)

Macroscopic fibers of conducting polymers could be woven into lightweight antistatic fabrics, used as electrodes in batteries, or employed in light‐emitting displays. For this to be possible the fibers will need to exhibit high strength and flexibility. Here, an electrochemical process is presented which is based on the use of hydrodynamic forces to control the direction of polymer deposition. The process also has potential for application to other organic conductors and superconducting oxides.
Microwave Photonic Arbitrary Waveform Generation With Radically Increased Time Bandwidth Product (2013)

The far-field condition sets strict limits on RF waveform generation via spectral shaping and frequency-to-time mapping. We present a new technique which overcomes previous restrictions and achieves high fidelity arbitrary waveforms with radically increased time-bandwidth product.
Dosimetric evaluation of an atlas‐based synthetic <scp>CT</scp> generation approach for <scp>MR</scp>‐only radiotherapy of pelvis anatomy (2018)

We investigated the potential of a multiatlas approach to generate synthetic CT images for the pelvis. Our results demonstrate excellent results in terms of HU value assignment compared to the original CT and dosimetric consistency.
Development of triode-type carbon nanotube field-emitter arrays with suppression of diode emission by forming electroplated Ni wall structure (2003)

Triode-type field-emitter arrays were developed by screen printing a photosensitive paste including single-walled carbon nanotubes. Ni wall structure (NWS) was electroplated to form a thick gate to suppress diode emission induced by strong electric strengths due to an anode potential and to focus electron beams to their destined color subpixels. It was observed in computer simulations, as well in experiments that the NWS with the optimum thickness was effective in reducing the diode emission and enhancing electron-beam focusing by modifying electrical potentials around the carbon nanotube emitters. Our fully sealed field-emission display panel using the field-emitter arrays with the NWS demonstrated full color moving images without serious diode emission and with satisfactory color separation.
Force-Enabled Sculpting of CAD Models (2000)

Abstract Transferring geometrical information between Computer-Aided Design models and physical prototypes is a time-intensive task and as such is one of the critical bottlenecks in the automotive design process. Sculpting of free-form surfaces in force enabled CAD applications could bridge the gap between digital models and certain physical prototypes. In this paper a novel force-enabled surface manipulation method called stick-to-surface/stick-to-pen is presented. During sculpting, the haptic device is constrained to follow the virtual surface, and simultaneously the surface is controlled to follow the device. The trade-off between which follows which is managed by partitioning the Cartesian space into a browsing subspace and a manipulation subspace.
Low-Toxicity PMR Polyimide (1994)

New low-toxicity PMR system developed and designated LaRC-RP46. Exhibits better processability, toughness, and thermo-oxidative stability than does PMR-15. Polyimide inexpensive and readily processed into high-quality graphite-fiber-reinforced composite. Used as high-performance, high-temperature-resistant adhesive, molding, composite, film, and coating material where low toxicity desired characteristic. Significantly extends applications of PMR-type polyimides.
A Cryogenic Process for Antisolvent‐Free High‐Performance Perovskite Solar Cells (2018)

A cryogenic process is introduced to control the crystallization of perovskite layers, eliminating the need for the use of environmentally harmful antisolvents. This process enables decoupling of the nucleation and the crystallization phases by inhibiting chemical reactions in as-cast precursor films rapidly cooled down by immersion in liquid nitrogen. The cooling is followed by blow-drying with nitrogen gas, which induces uniform precipitation of precursors due to the supersaturation of precursors in the residual solvents at very low temperature, while at the same time enhancing the evaporation of the residual solvents and preventing the ordered precursors/perovskite from redissolving into the residual solvents. Using the proposed techniques, the crystallization process can be initiated after the formation of a uniform precursor seed layer. The process is generally applicable to improve the performance of solar cells using perovskite films with different compositions, as demonstrated on three different types of mixed halide perovskites. A champion power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 21.4% with open-circuit voltage (V<sub>OC</sub> ) = 1.14 V, short-circuit current density ( J<sub>SC</sub> ) = 23.5 mA cm<sup>-2</sup> , and fill factor (FF) = 0.80 is achieved using the proposed cryogenic process.
Mass-producible micro-holographic tags (1996)

Microtags are microscopic computer-generated holograms with 130-nm features and are mass-producible with EUVL. This fabrication method renders microtags difficult to counterfeit. Applications includ tagging and tracking of microprocessors, memory chips, currencey, and credit cards.