gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A Reduced Order Model to Determine the Coupling Factor Between Magnetic Pads Used in Wireless Power Transfer (2016)

Inductive power transfer has become increasingly popular for various charging applications, including cellphone charging and electric vehicles (EVs). In order to design the magnetic pads for these applications, many individual simulations have to be performed to determine magnetic properties, including the inductances, coupling, and quality factors given these change with varying offsets and tolerances. Consequently, the magnetic design of such systems becomes increasingly complex, resulting in exponential increases in the number of required simulations, which are time and resource intensive. This paper focuses on the EV application and presents a simplified coupling function based on spiral coils which, for each known secondary design, can accurately predict the expected coupling over a range of primary pad sizes after performing a small number of simulations, or with measurement results of known primary areas. The proposed model is validated in practice and shown to be valid for all considered coil arrangements under both aligned and misaligned conditions.
Frequency tuning of piezoelectric energy harvesters thanks to a short-circuit synchronous electric charge extraction (2018)

Abstract This paper introduces a new electrical strategy for maximizing the energy scavenged from highly coupled and lowly damped piezoelectric energy harvesters (PEHs). The proposed strategy named Short-circuit synchronous electric charge extraction (SC-SECE) introduces a SC phase whose start time ϕ s and duration Δ ϕ can be adjusted. The control of ϕ s and Δ ϕ allows to electrically adapt the dynamics of the electromechanical harvester. In a first part, we analytically derive the influences of ϕ s and Δ ϕ on the harvester dynamics, and prove that they both affect the damping induced by the electrical interface on the mechanical resonator and its resonant frequency. Thereafter, we numerically evaluate the SC-SECE performances as a function of the intrinsic harvester’s characteristics. We expose that if the coupling and/or mechanical quality factor of the harvester are important enough, the SC-SECE leads to enhanced power frequency responses compared to SECE and SEH strategies. Experimental results on a high coupling PEH associated with the SC-SECE strategy have been realized and are in good agreement with the analytical predictions. Under various vibrations amplitudes, the harvester’s resonant frequency has been tuned on a frequency range as large as 35% of its natural resonant frequency. We have been able to harvest more than 92 μ W for vibration frequencies ranging from 90 to 140 Hz, under an external acceleration of 0.2 G.
Electrochemical Analysis of Mechanically Flexible Magnesiumion Battery Electrodes in a Polymer Gel Perchlorate Electrolyte (2018)

Over the past decade, rechargeable batteries based on lithium metal ion chemistries have enabled the practical development of many new products and technologies. Today, Li-ion batteries are often the primary means of providing electrical power to a diverse and growing number of devices, from mobile phones to electric vehicles. Despite many advances, Li-ion battery technologies suffer from some limitations that can prevent their use in emerging market sectors such as wearables, IoT, and grid-scale energy storage. While still in the research and development phase, it is anticipated that divalent metal-ion battery chemistries based on zinc or magnesium will present viable alternatives to conventional lithium-ion cells in these markets. Lithium ion batteries have a high theoretical gravimetric capacity of 3829mAh/g but only a modest volumetric capacity of 2044mAh/cm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3</sup> . By comparison, divalent batteries based on zinc or magnesium ions have theoretical volumetric capacities of 5854mAh/cm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3</sup> and 3882mAh/cm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3</sup> respectively. Volumetric capacity is especially important in IoT devices and wearables, where thin, flexible batteries which can cover large areas are ideal. In addition to a somewhat low volumetric capacity, lithium is far less common in the earth's crust than magnesium or zinc and possesses higher reactivity. Because of this, lithium-ion batteries are anticipated to be less environmentally friendly and cost effective than divalent metal-ion batteries in applications requiring many large battery cells. In this proceeding, we study the components of an experimental magnesium ion half-cell constructed from solid, flexible materials. A magnesium-ion cell was chosen due to its low material cost, good theoretical volumetric capacity, simple fabrication steps, and separator-free reaction chemistry. Flexible, insertion-type anodes and cathodes were fabricated using bismuth nanotubes and tungsten disulfide respectively. A polymer-based electrolyte made of PVDF-HFP and magnesium perchlorate was chosen for its demonstrated high ionic conductivity and mechanical flexibility. Each interface of the half-cell was characterized though the use of cyclic voltammetry. Cell fabrication, component/interface electrochemistry, electrode materials and packaging, will be described in detail.
The structure of the lipooligosaccharide (LOS) from the  -1,2-N-acetyl glucosamine transferase (rfaKNMB) mutant strain CMK1 of Neisseria meningitidis: implications for LOS inner core assembly and LOS-based vaccines (2001)

The inner core structures of the lipooligosaccharides (LOS) of Neisseria meningitidis are potential vaccine candidates because both bactericidal and opsonic antibodies can be generated against these epitopes. In an effort to better understand LOS biosynthesis and the potential immunogenicity of the LOS inner core, we have determined the LOS structure from a meningococcal rfaK mutant CMK1. The rfaK gene encodes the transferase that adds an alpha-N-acetylglucosaminosyl residue to O-2 of the inner core heptose (Hep) II of the LOS. The LOS oligosaccharide from this mutant was previously shown to contain only Hep, 3-deoxy-D-manno-2-octulosonic acid (Kdo), and multiple phosphoethanolamine (PEA) substituents (Kahler et al., 1996a, J. Bacteriol., 178, 1265-1273). The complete structure of the oligosaccharide (OS) component of the LOS from mutant CMK1 was determined using glycosyl composition and linkage analyses, and 1H, 13C, and 31P nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. The CMK1 OS structure contains a PEA group at O-3 of Hep II in place of the usual glucosyl residue found at this position in the completed L2 LOS glycoform from the parent NMB strain. The PEA group at O-6 of Hep II, however, is present in both the CMK1 mutant LOS and parental NMB L2 LOS structures. The structure of the OS from CMK1 suggests that PEA substituents are transferred to both the O-3 and O-6 positions of Hep II prior to: (1) the incorporation of the alpha-GlcNAc on Hep II; (2) the synthesis of the alpha-chain on Hep I; and (3) the substitution of the glycosyl residue at the O-3 Hep II, which distinguishes L2 and L3 immunotypes. The LOS structure of the CMK1 mutant makes it a candidate immunogen that could generate broadly cross-reactive inner-core LOS antibodies.
Investigation Organizer: the development and testing of a Web-based tool to support mishap investigations (2005)

Investigation Organizer (IO) is a collaborative Web-based system designed to support the conduct of mishap investigations. IO provides a common repository for a wide range of mishap related information, and allows investigators to make explicit, shared, and meaningful links between evidence, causal models, findings and recommendations. It integrates the functionality of a database, a common document repository, a semantic knowledge network, a rule-based inference engine, and causal modeling and visualization. Thus far, IO has been used to support four mishap investigations within NASA, ranging from a small property damage case to the loss of the Space Shuttle Columbia. This paper describes how the functionality of IO supports mishap investigations and the lessons learned from the experience of supporting two of the NASA mishap investigations: the Columbia Accident Investigation and the CONTOUR loss investigation.
Acyl-hydrazide derivatives of a xanthine carboxylic congener (XCC) as selective antagonists at human A2B adenosine receptors (1999)

The structure-activity relationships (SAR) of 8-phenyl-1,3-dipropylxanthine derivatives in binding to recombinant human A<sub>2B</sub> adenosine receptors were explored, in order to identify selective antagonists. Based on the finding of receptor selectivity in MRS 1204, containing an N-hydroxysuccinimide ester attached through the <i>p</i>-position of the 8-phenyl substituent [Jacobson et al. (1999): Drug Dev. Res., 47:45-53], a hydrazide and its more stable imide derivatives were synthesized. The hydrazide of XCC (8-[4-[[[carboxy]methyl]oxy]phenyl]-1,3-dipropylxanthine) was acylated with a variety of mono- and dicarboxylic acids. K<sub>i</sub> values were determined in the adenosine receptor binding assays. At recombinant human A<sub>2B</sub> receptors expressed in membranes of HEK-293 cells, antagonist radioligands used were the xanthine <sup>125</sup>I-ABOPX (<sup>125</sup>I-3-(4-amino-3-iodobenzyl)-8-oxyacetate-1-propyl-xanthine) and the nonxanthine antagonist [<sup>3</sup>H]ZM 241385 ([<sup>3</sup>H]4-(2-[7-amino-2-{furyl}{1,2,4}triazolo{2,3-a}{1,3,5}triazin-5-ylamino-ethyl)phenol). The initial screening utilized rat A<sub>1</sub>/A<sub>2A</sub> receptors and human A<sub>3</sub> receptors, and selected compounds were examined at the human A<sub>1</sub>/A<sub>2A</sub> subtypes. A 1,2-dimethylmaleimide derivative, <b>14</b> (MRS 1595), bound to human A<sub>2B</sub> receptors with a Ki of 19 nM and proved to be selective vs. human A<sub>1</sub>/A<sub>2A</sub>/A<sub>3</sub> receptors by 160-, 100-, and 35-fold, respectively. Enprofylline (3-propylxanthine) is slightly selective for A<sub>2B</sub> receptors, suggesting removal of the 1-propyl group; however, combination of the 1-H-3-Pr and 8-phenyl substituents eliminated the selectivity. Other potent and moderately selective A<sub>2B</sub> antagonists were a tetrahydrophthaloyl derivative <b>18b</b> (MRS 1614, K<sub>i</sub> value 10 nM) and amino acid conjugates of the XCC-hydrazide, i.e., the glutarimide <b>24b</b> (MRS 1626, K<sub>i</sub> value 13 nM), and protected dipeptide <b>27</b> (MRS 1615, K<sub>i</sub> value 11 nM). Drug Dev. Res. 47:178-188, 1999.
Application of hydrophobic interaction displacement chromatography for an industrial protein purification (2003)

Recently it has been established that low molecular weight displacers can be successfully employed for the purification of proteins in hydrophobic interaction chromatography (HIC) systems. This work investigates the utility of this technique for the purification of an industrial protein mixture. The study involved the separation of a mixture of three protein forms, that differed in the C-terminus, from their aggregate impurities while maintaining the same relative ratio of the three protein forms as in the feed. A batch high-throughput screening (HTS) technique was employed in concert with fluorescence spectroscopy for displacer screening in these HIC systems. This methodology was demonstrated to be an effective tool for identifying lead displacer candidates for a particular protein/stationary-phase system. In addition, these results indicate that surfactants can be employed at concentrations above their CMCs as effective displacers. Displacement of the recombinant proteins with PEG-3400 and the surfactant Big Chap was shown to increase the productivity as compared to the existing step-gradient elution process.
A Phase I trial of pulse calcitriol in patients with refractory malignancies: pulse dosing permits substantial dose escalation. (2001)

Calcitriol is the principal biologically active metabolite of vitamin D. Calcitriol's activity against many neoplasms is well documented, but calcitriol's therapeutic application has been hampered by predictable hypercalcemia when it is given daily. Because laboratory data has suggested that intermittent exposure to high levels of calcitriol may be sufficient to produce antiproliferative effects, the authors developed a Phase I trial to determine the maximal tolerated dose, dose-limiting toxicity, and the pharmacokinetic profile of calcitriol given weekly by mouth.Patients with refractory malignancies were enrolled for 4 weeks of treatment followed by 4 weeks of observation. Reenrollment at a higher dose level was permitted for patients who had evidence of response or stable disease and no Grade 3 or greater toxicity. The starting dose was 0.06 microg/kg.Fifteen patients received 20 cycles of therapy. Doses up to 2.8 microg/kg of calcitriol weekly produced no dose-limiting toxicity. While peak levels and the area under the serum concentration-time curve of calcitriol increased in a linear fashion at lower doses, saturable absorption was observed at doses above 0.48 microg/kg. Doses of 0.48 microg/kg and above produced mean peak calcitriol levels of 1625 pg/mL, approximately 25-fold greater than top normal levels and well within the therapeutic range suggested by in vitro experiments. Eight patients experienced self-limiting Grade 1 hypercalcemia.Weekly dosing of oral calcitriol permitted substantial dose escalation with minimal toxicity. Peak serum calcitriol levels were in the predicted therapeutic range. A dose of 0.5 microg/kg was selected for evaluation in Phase II studies.
An integrated process for the extraction of fuel and chemicals from marine macroalgal biomass (2016)

We describe an integrated process that can be applied to biomass of the green seaweed, Ulva fasciata, to allow the sequential recovery of four economically important fractions; mineral rich liquid extract (MRLE), lipid, ulvan, and cellulose. The main benefits of our process are: a) its simplicity and b) the consistent yields obtained from the residual biomass after each successive extraction step. For example, dry Ulva biomass yields ~26% of its starting mass as MRLE, ~3% as lipid, ~25% as ulvan, and ~11% as cellulose, with the enzymatic hydrolysis and fermentation of the final cellulose fraction under optimized conditions producing ethanol at a competitive 0.45 g/g reducing sugar. These yields are comparable to those obtained by direct processing of the individual components from primary biomass. We propose that this integration of ethanol production and chemical feedstock recovery from macroalgal biomass could substantially enhance the sustainability of marine biomass use.
Flexible Power Electronic Converters for Producing AC Superimposed DC (ACsDC) Voltages (2017)

Several applications such as power supplies for electric precipitators, ozone generation, partial discharge, etc., require ac superimposed dc (ACsDC) voltage supply. Most of such applications use intransigent systems for producing ACsDC voltages. In this paper, three different kinds of flexible power electronic converters are proposed for producing ACsDC voltages. These converters have two power conversion stages: input and output. In the input stage, two isolated dc voltages are obtained by using an isolated three-port dc-dc converter or two isolated two-port dc-dc converters. In the output stage, one of the input-stage dc voltages is used to generate an ac voltage and the obtained ac voltage is added to the remaining input-stage dc voltage to obtain an ACsDC voltage. Based on the converters used in the input stage, the proposed ACsDC converters are named as a dual active bridge (DAB) converter-based ACsDC converter (DAB-ACsDC), triple port active bridge (TAB) converter-based ACsDC converter (TAB-ACsDC), and dual transformer-based asymmetrical triple port active bridge (DT-ATAB) converter-based ACsDC converter (DTATAB-ACsDC). A detailed analysis of these ACsDC converters and their verifications using simulations and experimental studies are presented, which depict that the proposed converters can be used effectively for producing ACsDC voltages.
Tractography-based connectomes are dominated by false-positive connections (2016)

Abstract Fiber tractography based on non-invasive diffusion imaging is at the heart of connectivity studies of the human brain. To date, the approach has not been systematically validated in ground truth studies. Based on a simulated human brain dataset with ground truth white matter tracts, we organized an open international tractography challenge, which resulted in 96 distinct submissions from 20 research groups. While most state-of-the-art algorithms reconstructed 90% of ground truth bundles to at least some extent, on average they produced four times more invalid than valid bundles. About half of the invalid bundles occurred systematically in the majority of submissions. Our results demonstrate fundamental ambiguities inherent to tract reconstruction methods based on diffusion orientation information, with critical consequences for the approach of diffusion tractography in particular and human connectivity studies in general.
Process for selective removal of H/sub 2/S from mixtures containing H/sub 2/S and CO/sub 2/ with tertiary amino azabicyclic alcohols (1983)

The selective removal of H/sub 2/S gas from a normally gaseous mixture containing H/sub 2/S and CO/sub 2/ is accomplished by contacting the gaseous mixture with an absorbent solution comprising a tertiary amino azabicyclic alcohol whereby H/sub 2/S is selectively absorbed from the mixture.
Optimum fish passage and guidance designs are based in the hydrogeomorphology of natural rivers (2008)

Abstract Understanding hydrodynamic cues used by outmigrating juvenile salmon (emigrants) to guide fine‐scale swim path selection is critical to successful fish guidance and passage at man‐made structures. We show how these cues can be inferred from channel features and complex flow fields of natural rivers through which emigrants pass. We then describe a new cue, ‘total hydraulic strain’, integrating properties of flow acceleration and turbulence through the spatial gradients in velocity to create a single flow field distortion metric amenable to the analysis of fish movement at the scale of large man‐made structures. We explain how total hydraulic strain, together with the magnitude of velocity, provide sufficient information for any fish to distinguish between the two categories of channel features with their mechanosensory system. We demonstrate that total hydraulic strain, velocity magnitude and hydrostatic pressure can be integrated into rule‐sets (the Strain–Velocity–Pressure (SVP) Hypothesis) to explain emigrant swim path selection near dams. To confirm the reasonableness of the SVP Hypothesis, we describe how its separate elements can be detected by different components of the fish mechanosensory system. We evaluate the SVP Hypothesis by (1) using it to explain the traces made by acoustically tagged emigrants overlaid on coincident total hydraulic strain and velocity magnitude fields, (2) using it to explain different passage efficiencies of competing bypass designs and (3) testing it via stepwise discriminant analysis to infer the relationship between hydrodynamic pattern and emigrant orientation. We conclude the SVP Hypothesis is a reasonable and useful approximation of the strategy used by emigrants to select their swim path through complex flow fields sufficient to serve as the basis of guidance and bypass system design. Published in 2008 by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Robust image compression with packetization: the MPEG-4 still texture case (2002)

In this paper, we propose a bit-stream packetization approach to make the MPEG-4 still texture bit-stream robust to channel degradation. Our approach does not affect the spatial/quality scalability features of the still texture algorithm, and it has limited effect on coding efficiency. Also, this packetization approach requires minimal changes to the syntax and a small overhead. Finally, the proposed technique is shown to provide good error robustness over a wide range of error conditions.
N6-Substituted Adenosine Receptor Agonists. Synthesis and Pharmacological Activity as Potent Antinociceptive Agents (1994)

Novel N6-(indol-3-yl)alkyl derivatives of adenosine were synthesized. The adenosine receptor affinity and the antinociceptive activity of these compounds were assessed in binding studies and the phenylbenzoquinone-induced writhing test. Most of these analogues exhibited a potent analgesic activity without side effects. Among them, compound 3c (UP 202-32) bound to A1 (Ki = 110 nM) and A2 (Ki = 350 nM) adenosine receptors in a specific manner since it did not interact with many other receptors, especially opioid binding sites. The antinociceptive activity in the phenylbenzoquinone assay (ED50 = 3.3 mg/kg po) was antagonized by 8-cyclopentyltheophylline, suggesting that an adenosinergic mechanism underlies the analgesic activity observed with this compound. The data obtained with these new N6-substituted adenosine receptor agonists emphasize the interest of such compounds in the treatment of pain.
Use of artificial neural networks in the analysis of trabecular bone on digitized radiographs (2002)

Bone architecture is an important factor that determines bone strength in addition to bone mass. Yet it is only bone mass that is measured in bone mineral densitometry (BMD), which is the most common, clinically used method to assess bone strength. Texture analysis of the trabecular bone pattern on radiographs is being investigated as a potential means to characterize the bone architecture. In this study the authors examined the use of an artificial neural network to merge several texture measures to obtain a single measure related to bone strength. The texture analyses were performed on digitised radiographs of excised femoral necks. Compressive strength measurements of the specimens were used in the training of the ANN. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis was used to measure the performance of the ANN in distinguishing between strong and weak bone. With direct exposure radiographs, the ANN achieved an area under the ROC curve (A/sub Z/) of 0.98/spl plusmn/0.05 in consistency testing and 0.83/spl plusmn/0.08 in round-robin analysis. In comparison, BMD measurements on the specimens yielded an A/sub z/ value of 0.72/spl plusmn/0.11. These results indicate that the texture analysis of trabecular bone pattern on radiographs, merged with the use of an ANN, may be a useful method to noninvasively assess bone strength.
Dynamic interferometry: measurement of space optics and structures (2017)

Over the last two decades the use of single-frame interferometric techniques, known as Dynamic Interferometry, has become widely available in commercial interferometer systems and they have been used extensively in the production of state-of-the-art space-based optical systems. This paper presents an overview of the techniques and configurations used to build dynamic interferometers and measurement results for a variety of space-based optical components as well as the structures that hold them under simulated space-flight conditions. These techniques and configurations have applicability for many non-space applications as well.