gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A Constraint-Based Approach to Constructing Continuous Cartograms (1998)

We present a new constraint-based continuous area cartogram construction method that is unique in its ability to preserve essential cues for recognition of region shapes. It automatically achieves desired region areas while maintaining correct map topology. The algorithm is compared with a number of existing methods, and results are shown to be superior in both accuracy and preservation of shape recognition cues. Through hierarchical resolution, we first perform gross adjustments upon a coarsely resampled map and later refine the map at progressively higher levels of detail.
Chronic hypoxia stress‐induced differential modulation of heat‐shock protein 70 and presynaptic proteins (2006)

Chronic hypoxia exposure can cause neurobehavioral dysfunction, but the underlying cellular and molecular mechanisms remain unclear. Here, we found that adult Lymnaea stagnalis snails maintained in low O(2) (approximately 5%) for 4 days developed slowed reactions to light stimuli, and reduced righting movement. Semiquantitative immunoblotting analyses showed that hypoxia exposure induced increased expression of heat-shock protein (HSP)70 in ganglion preparations, and suppressed expression of the presynaptic proteins syntaxin I, synaptic vesicle protein 2 (SV2) and synaptotagmin I. Detailed time course analyses showed that an early moderate increase developed within 6 h, preceding a substantial up-regulation of HSP70 after 4 days; an early reduction of syntaxin I in the first 24 h; a delayed reduction of synaptotagmin I after 4 days; and a biphasic change in SV2. Using a double-stranded RNA interference approach, we demonstrated that preventing the hypoxia inducible HSP70 enhanced down-regulation of syntaxin and synaptotagmin, and aggravated motor and sensory suppression. Co-immunoprecipitation analysis revealed an interaction between HSP70 and syntaxin. We have thus provided the first evidence that early induction of HSP70 by chronic hypoxia is critical for maintaining expression levels of presynaptic proteins. These findings implicate a new molecular mechanism underlying chronic hypoxia-induced neurobehavioral adaptation and impairment.
Domain structure and polarization reversal in ferroelectrics studied by atomic force microscopy (1995)

The ferroelectric domain structure and its dynamics under applied electric field have been studied with nanoscale resolution by atomic force microscopy (AFM). Two mechanisms responsible for the contrast between opposite domains are proposed: large built-in domains are delineated in friction mode due to the tip–sample electrostatic interaction, and small domains created by an external field are imaged in topography mode due to piezoelectric deformation of the crystal. The ability of effective control of ferroelectric domains by applying a voltage between the AFM tip and the bottom electrode is demonstrated. It is experimentally confirmed that the sidewise growth of domain proceeds through the nucleation process on the domain wall.
SD-1029 Inhibits Signal Transducer and Activator of Transcription 3 Nuclear Translocation (2006)

These results show that SD-1029 directly abrogates the Jak-Stat3 signaling pathway in human cancer cells expressing constitutively active Stat, and add to the growing literature that validates this pathway as a viable target for further drug development. Finally, SD-1029 may represent a suitable prototype for structural optimization and exploration as a therapeutic lead.
Swedish amyloid precursor protein mutation increases phosphorylation of eIF2α in vitro and in vivo (2007)

Swedish double mutation (KM670/671NL) of amyloid precursor protein (Swe-APP), a prevailing cause of familial Alzheimer's disease (FAD), is known to increase in Abeta production both in vitro and in vivo, but its underlying molecular basis leading to Alzheimer's disease (AD) pathogenesis remains to be elucidated, especially for the early phase of disease. We have confirmed initially that the expression of Swe-APP mutant transgene reduced cell viability via ROS production but this effect was eliminated by an anti-oxidative agent, vitamin E. We also found that eukaryotic translation initiation factor-2alpha (eIF2alpha), which facilitates binding of initiator tRNA to ribosomes to set on protein synthesis, was phosphorylated in cultured cells expressing Swe-APP. This increase in phosphorylated eIF2alpha was also attenuated significantly by treatment with vitamin E. The finding that eIF2alpha became highly phosphorylated by increased production of Abeta was substantiated in brain tissues of both an AD animal model and AD patients. Although an increase in Abeta production would result in cell death eventually (in late-phase of the disease), the altered phosphorylation state of eIF2alpha evoked by Abeta may account for the decreased efficacy of mRNA translation and de novo protein synthesis required for synaptic plasticity, and may consequently be one of molecular causes for impairment of cognitive functions exhibited in the early phase of AD patients.
Binary text image file preprocessing to account for printer dot gain (2014)

Dot gain is a classic problem in digital printing that causes printed halftones and text to appear darker than desired. For printing of text, we propose a method to preprocess the image sent to the printer in order to compensate for dot gain. It is based on an accurate model that predicts the printed absorptance for given local neighborhood in the digital image, a cost function to penalize lack of fidelity to the desired target text image, and the use of direct binary search (DBS) to minimize the cost.
Metal-plasma source (1987)

A metal-plasma source is described in which plasma fluxes are generated by semi-self-maintained vacuum discharge in vapors of the working material, which is evaporated from a water-cooled crucible-anode. A cell with crossed magnetic and electric fields is used for additional ionization of the plasma fluxes, which increases the degree of their ionization to 40-65%. The source is especially effective for metallization of dielectric substrates. The use of an additional-ionization cell increased by a factor of 5-8 the adhesion strength of Ni films to polykor substrates. The rate of Ni-film deposition was 0.1-1.0 nm/sec. The plasma source has been used to produce films of Cu, Cr, Ni, Ti, Mo, C, and W with thicknesses of 0.1-2.0 ..mu..m.
A Diversity-Oriented Strategy for Chemical Synthesis of Glycosphingolipids: Synthesis of Glycosphingolipid LcGg4 and Its Analogues and Derivatives (2021)

A diversity-oriented strategy was developed for the synthesis of glycosphingolipids (GSLs). This strategy was highlighted by using a simple lactoside containing the core structures of GSL glycan and lipid as the universal starting material to obtain different synthetic targets upon stepwise elongation of the glycan via chemical glycosylations and on-site remodeling of the lipid via chemoselective cross-metathesis and <i>N</i>-acylation. The strategy was verified with the synthesis of a lacto-ganglio GSL, LcGg4, which is a biomarker of undifferentiated malignant myeloid cells, and a series of its analogues or derivatives carrying different sugar chains and unique functionalities or molecular labels. This synthetic strategy should be widely applicable and, therefore, be utilized to rapidly access various GSLs and related derivatives by using different donors for glycosylations and different substrates for lipid remodeling following each glycosylation.
Removing JPEG blocking artifacts using machine learning (2014)

JPEG is a commonly used image compression method. While it normally yields very good compression ratios, it also introduces blocking artifacts and quantization noise. In this paper, we present a method to remove noise and blocking effects from JPEG-compressed images. We use machine learning techniques to predict DCT coefficients and pixel values in a compressed image. Results show a decrease in mean square error between our predicted images and the original uncompressed images when compared to the compressed images, as well as a clear reduction of blocking artifacts.
Dynamic query processing in a parallel object-oriented database system (1994)

de vele dingen die ik van je leer die de wetenschap ontstijgen.
Pathogenesis and Potential Strategies for Prevention and Treatment of Septic Shock: An Update (1994)

Septic shock is mediated by complex interactions of cells, cytokines, and humoral pathways. Clinical therapeutic strategies aimed at inhibiting selected pathways have been efficacious in subsets of patients. Experimental studies focusing on the activities of single cytokines have contributed to the understanding of the complex pathophysiology of septic shock. More precise delineation of the roles of each mechanism contributing to pathogenesis will permit the identification of subsets of patients who might benefit from particular therapeutic strategies and will guide the development of additional approaches to prevention and treatment.
Physiologic Control of IDO Competence in Splenic Dendritic Cells (2011)

Dendritic cells (DCs) competent to express the regulatory enzyme IDO in mice are a small but distinctive subset of DCs. Previously, we reported that a high-dose systemic CpG treatment to ligate TLR9 in vivo induced functional IDO exclusively in splenic CD19(+) DCs, which stimulated resting Foxp3-lineage regulatory T cells (Tregs) to rapidly acquire potent suppressor activity. In this paper, we show that IDO was induced in spleen and peripheral lymph nodes after CpG treatment in a dose-dependent manner. Induced IDO suppressed local T cell responses to exogenous Ags and inhibited proinflammatory cytokine expression in response to TLR9 ligation. IDO induction did not occur in T cell-deficient mice or in mice with defective B7 or programmed death (PD)-1 costimulatory pathways. Consistent with these findings, CTLA4 or PD-1/PD-ligand costimulatory blockade abrogated IDO induction and prevented Treg activation via IDO following high-dose CpG treatment. Consequently, CD4(+)CD25(+) T cells uniformly expressed IL-17 shortly after TLR9 ligation. These data support the hypothesis that constitutive interactions from activated T cells or Tregs and IDO-competent DCs via concomitant CTLA4→B7 and PD-1→PD-ligand signals maintain the default potential to regulate T cell responsiveness via IDO. Acute disruption of these nonredundant interactions abrogated regulation via IDO, providing novel perspectives on the proinflammatory effects of costimulatory blockade therapies. Moreover, interactions between IDO-competent DCs and activated T cells in lymphoid tissues may attenuate proinflammatory responses to adjuvants such as TLR ligands.
Fabrication of porous electrospun nanofibres (2006)

10.1088/0957-4484/17/3/047
[Photoprotective properties of melanins from grape (Vitis vinifera) and black tea (Thea sinensis)]. (2002)

Dark pigments of melanin type were extracted from the rind of ripe grapes Vitis vinifera (ring "Alfa") and pack tea (Thea sinensis). The study of photoprotection activity of the extracted pigments have shown that they intensively absorb radiation in the UV and visible. The increase of the photoprotection effect correlates with the concentration of paramagnetic centers in the melanins. The pigments reduce the number of damaged molecules of plasmid DNA pBR-322 and inhibition the IUV-induced lipid peroxidation.
Accumulation of Synaptosomal-Associated Protein of 25 kDa (SNAP-25) and Other Proteins Associated with the Secretory Pathway in GH4C1 Cells Upon Treatment with Estradiol, Insulin, and Epidermal Growth Factor (2000)

Treatment of rat pituitary GH4C1 cells with estradiol, insulin, and epidermal growth factor induces secretory granule accumulation, PRL storage, and stabilization of ICA512, a membrane protein associated with secretory granules. In these investigations we found that the same treatment induced accumulation over 2-fold of other proteins in the secretory pathway, including synaptosomal-associated protein of 25 kDa (SNAP-25), synaptotagmin III, synaptobrevin, synaptophysin, and cyclophilin B, and did not affect accumulation of others, including synaptotagmin I, calnexin, and glucose-regulated protein 94. The induction of proteins was not a coordinate event, because epidermal growth factor alone maximally stimulated SNAP-25 accumulation, but not that of synaptotagmin III. Induction of SNAP-25 accumulation occurred without an increase in its synthesis, and induction of cyclophilin B occurred without an increase in its messenger RNA accumulation, suggesting that accumulation may be caused by stabilization of the proteins. SNAP-25 immunofluorescence was located in the cytoplasm and on the plasma membrane and sometimes was heavily concentrated in protrusions from the cell surface, especially in hormone-treated cells. Frequenin immunofluorescence was also sometimes concentrated in intense patches, but did not colocalize with SNAP-25. Growth hormone and prolactin immunofluorescence was not found in the protrusions and sometimes did not colocalize with each other when they were present in the same cell. Hormone treatment of GH4C1 cells therefore induces accumulation of specific proteins in all parts of the secretory pathway and causes morphological changes in addition to accumulating secretory granules.
Self-assembly of magnesium-seamed hexameric pyrogallol[4]arene nanocapsules (2017)

The solvothermal synthesis of a metal-seamed hexameric nanocapsule from pyrogallol[4]arenes and magnesium is reported. The unique non-toxic and biocompatible nature of divalent magnesium cations in addition to the large inherent cavities make these nanocapsules promising for potential application in biomedicine. In addition, we show that these nanocapsules can form cocrystals with pyridine molecules through hydrogen bonding, which sheds light to cocrystallization of supramolecular nanocapsules with small pharmaceutics.
Malware and Disease: Lessons from Cyber Intelligence for Public Health Surveillance (2016)

Malicious software and infectious diseases are similar is several respects, as are the functional requirements for surveillance and intelligence to defend against these threats. Given these similarities, this article compares and contrasts the actors, relationships, and norms at work in cyber intelligence and disease surveillance. Historical analysis reveals that civilian cyber defense is more decentralized, private, and voluntary than public health in the United States. Most of these differences are due to political choices rather than technical necessities. In particular, political resistance to government institutions has shaped cyber intelligence over the past 30 years, which is a troubling sign for attempts to improve disease surveillance through local, state, and federal health departments. Information sharing about malware is also limited, despite information technology being integral to cyberspace. Such limits suggest that automation through electronic health records will not automatically improve public health surveillance. Still, certain aspects of information sharing and analysis for cyber defense are worth emulating or, at the very least, learning from to help detect and manage health threats.
A system for simultaneously measuring contact force, ultrasound, and position information for use in force-based correction of freehand scanning (2005)

During freehand ultrasound imaging, the sonographer places the ultrasound probe on the patient's skin. This paper describes a system that simultaneously records the position of the probe, the contact force between the probe and skin, and the ultrasound image. The system consists of an ultrasound machine, a probe, a force sensor, an optical localizer, and a host computer. Two new calibration methods are demonstrated: a temporal calibration to determine the time delay between force and position measurements, and a gravitational calibration to remove the effect of gravity on the recorded force. Measurements made with the system showed good agreement with those obtained from a standard materials testing machine. The system's uses include three-dimensional (3-D) ultrasound imaging, force-based deformation correction of ultrasound images, and indentation testing.
The biology of cytomegalovirus drug resistance (2011)

An increasing volume of information correlating CMV genotypes and drug susceptibility phenotypes is becoming available. This will improve the interpretation of sequence-based assays currently used for clinical diagnosis and guide the development of new antiviral drugs.
Development of Template-Free Form Recognition System (2011)

We present a new form recognition technique. In our work, we were especially interested in developing a 'template-free' form recognition technique that extracts and recognizes target characters without pre-defined layout knowledge (form-template). We also attempted to overcome well known difficulties in developing template-free form recognition techniques, i.e., extracting items from noisy form images and ambiguous alignment layout forms. We were able to use a hypothesis testing approach to successfully extract such items from such form images.
Organische Chemie an fester Phase (1996)

Abstract Bisher wurden überwiegend Oligomere, wie Peptide, Oligosaccharide, Peptoide, Oligocarbamate, vinyloge Peptide, Pyrrolin‐4‐on‐Oligomere, Peptidylphosphate und Peptidnucleinsäuren, durch repetitive Reaktionsfolgen der Festphasensynthese hergestellt. Wirksame Verbindungen dieser Art eignen sich in der Regel noch nicht als Therapeutica, sondern sind Leitstrukturen für Optimierungen. Mit dem Ziel, niedermolekulare Wirkstoffe ohne Umwege über Oligomere zu erhalten, wurden Verfahren der “kombinatorischen organischen Synthese” entwickelt. Dieses Konzept wurde erstmals 1971 von Ugi beschrieben [56f, g, 59c] . Die kombinatorische Synthese beinhaltet neue Strategien zur Herstellung von Molekülvielfalt (molecular diversity), die hinsichtlich Leitstrukturen einem Screening unterworfen werden. Solche kombinatorischen Synthesen können sowohl in Lösung als auch an festen Trägern durchgeführt werden. Mit den Erfolgen bei der Herstellung von Peptidbibliotheken wird deutlich, daß die Festphasensynthese perfekt automatisierbar ist. Diese Entwicklungen führten zu einer Renaissance der bereits in den 70er Jahren praktizierten “Organischen Chemie an fester Phase” (Solid Phase Organic Synthesis, SPOS). Die Erprobung und Optimierung von bekannten chemischen Reaktionen an festen Trägern sowie die Entwicklung von hocheffizienten Techniken zur simultanen, multiplen Synthese sind Voraussetzung für die vollautomatisierte Kombinatorische Chemie. Nahezu alle Standardreaktionen der Organischen Chemie lassen sich mit geeigneten Träger‐, Anker‐ und Schutzgruppen mit den Vorteilen der Festphasensynthese durchführen, die bisher nur vereinzelt von Synthetikern genutzt wurden. Zu den bis heute publizierten “organischen Reaktionen an festen Trägern” zählen unter anderem Diels‐Alder‐Reaktionen, 1,3‐dipolare Cycloadditionen, Wittig‐ und Wittig‐Horner‐Reaktionen, Michael‐Addition, Oxidationen, Reduktionen sowie Pd‐katalysierte C‐C‐Verknüpfungen. Dieser Übersichtsartikel informiert umfassend über bisher publizierte Festphasensynthesen von nichtpeptidischen organischen Verbindungen.
A Multi-Frequency Eddy Current Inversion Method for Characterizing Conductivity Gradients on Water Jet Peened Components (2004)

This paper describes a multi‐frequency eddy current inversion procedure for characterizing specimens that are water jet peened. Multi‐frequency inductance data was obtained by using well‐characterized eddy current probes. The inversion uses a multi‐layer axi‐symmetric finite element model as the forward model and the conductivity of each layer is found through interpolation of the inductance‐conductivity data generated by the forward model. Skin depth approximation was used to isolate the integral effects of the conductivity variation on the inductance signal. Inverted conductivity profiles of the water jet peened specimens was found to resemble the predicted profiles. Information regarding the shape of residual stress gradients and relative intensities of peening were inferred from the conductivity profiles.
Glutamine treatment of paclitaxel-induced myalgias and arthralgias. (1998)

Article Tools Article Tools OPTIONS & TOOLS Export Citation Track Citation Add To Favorites Rights & Permissions COMPANION ARTICLES No companion articles ARTICLE CITATION DOI: 10.1200/JCO.1998.16.12.3918 Journal of Clinical Oncology - published online before print September 21, 2016 PMID: 9850043 Glutamine treatment of paclitaxel-induced myalgias and arthralgias. D SavaresexD SavareseSearch for articles by this author , J BoucherxJ BoucherSearch for articles by this author , B CoreyxB CoreySearch for articles by this author https://doi.org/10.1200/JCO.1998.16.12.3918 First Page PDF © 1998 by American Society of Clinical Oncology
Demonstration of large-angle nonmechanical laser beam steering based on LC polymer polarization gratings (2011)

Polarization gratings (PGs) as polarization sensitive diffractive optical elements work in broadband (UV to Mid- IR) with nearly 100% diffraction efficiency. We have introduced and utilized the PGs in different types of beam steering modules presented in our previous papers. Here, we describe and demonstrate a nonmechanical beam steering device based on passive gratings, liquid crystal (LC) polymer PGs. The device covers a large-angle Field-Of-Regard (FOR) with high efficiency, and is based on a stack of alternating LC half-wave plates and LC polymer PGs. The half-wave plates are switchable and are used to select the handedness of the circularly polarized input beam. The polymer PGs diffract the input beam to either of the first diffraction orders based on the circular handedness of the beam previously selected. When compared with conventional beam steering methods based on active gratings (ternary and quasi-ternary designs), this technique is experimentally able to steer an equivalent number of angles with similar efficiency, but fewer LC cells, and hence, fewer transparent electrodes and lower absorption. We successfully demonstrate the ability to steer 80° FOR with roughly 2.6° resolution at 1064 nm wavelength.
Arabic Font Recognition using Decision Trees Built from Common Words (2005)

We present an algorithm for a priori Arabic optical Font Recognition (AFR). The basic idea is to recognize fonts of some common Arabic words. Once these fonts are known, they can be generalized to lines, paragraphs, or neighbor non-common words since these components of a textual material almost have the same font. A decision tree is our approach to recognize Arabic fonts. A set of 48 features is used to learn the tree. These features include horizontal projections, Walsh coefficients, invariant moments, and geometrical attributes. A set of 36 fonts is investigated. The overall success rate is 90.8%. Some fonts show 100% success rate. The average time required to recognize the word font is approximately 0.30 seconds.