gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A metric of visual comfort for stereoscopic motion (2013)

We propose a novel metric of visual comfort for stereoscopic motion, based on a series of systematic perceptual experiments. We take into account disparity, motion in depth, motion on the screen plane, and the spatial frequency of luminance contrast. We further derive a comfort metric to predict the comfort of short stereoscopic videos. We validate it on both controlled scenes and real videos available on the internet, and show how all the factors we take into account, as well as their interactions, affect viewing comfort. Last, we propose various applications that can benefit from our comfort measurements and metric.
Diffraction-Limited Fundamental Mode Operation of Core-Pumped Very-Large-Mode-Area Er Fiber Amplifiers (2009)

Diffraction-limited fundamental mode amplification is demonstrated in Er-doped fibers with mode areas ranging from 900 to 1800 mum <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> . The amplifiers are core-pumped with Raman fiber lasers with both signal and pump selectively launched into the fundamental mode. This scheme results in differential gain for the fundamental mode and stabilizes it against mode mixing caused by perturbations in the core. Gains that are greater than 30 dB are demonstrated from a single stage without significant amplified spontaneous emission. The low nonlinearity of the large mode areas enables amplification to high peak powers without resorting to unconventional microstructured or higher order mode fibers.
Deviation magnification (2015)

Structures and objects are often supposed to have idealized geometries such as straight lines or circles. Although not always visible to the naked eye, in reality, these objects deviate from their idealized models. Our goal is to reveal and visualize such subtle geometric deviations, which can contain useful, surprising information about our world. Our framework, termed Deviation Magnification , takes a still image as input, fits parametric models to objects of interest, computes the geometric deviations, and renders an output image in which the departures from ideal geometries are exaggerated. We demonstrate the correctness and usefulness of our method through quantitative evaluation on a synthetic dataset and by application to challenging natural images.
Automated Discrimination of Dicentric and Monocentric Chromosomes by Machine Learning-based Image Processing (2016)

Abstract Dose from radiation exposure can be estimated from dicentric chromosome (DC) frequencies in metaphase cells of peripheral blood lymphocytes. We automated DC detection by extracting features in Giemsa-stained metaphase chromosome images and classifying objects by machine learning (ML). DC detection involves i) intensity thresholded segmentation of metaphase objects, ii) chromosome separation by watershed transformation and elimination of inseparable chromosome clusters, fragments and staining debris using a morphological decision tree filter, iii) determination of chromosome width and centreline, iv) derivation of centromere candidates and v) distinction of DCs from monocentric chromosomes (MC) by ML. Centromere candidates are inferred from 14 image features input to a Support Vector Machine (SVM). 16 features derived from these candidates are then supplied to a Boosting classifier and a second SVM which determines whether a chromosome is either a DC or MC. The SVM was trained with 292 DCs and 3135 MCs, and then tested with cells exposed to either low (1 Gy) or high (2-4 Gy) radiation dose. Results were then compared with those of 3 experts. True positive rates (TPR) and positive predictive values (PPV) were determined for the tuning parameter, σ. At larger σ, PPV decreases and TPR increases. At high dose, for σ= 1.3, TPR = 0.52 and PPV = 0.83, while at σ= 1.6, the TPR = 0.65 and PPV = 0.72. At low dose and σ = 1.3, TPR = 0.67 and PPV = 0.26. The algorithm differentiates DCs from MCs, overlapped chromosomes and other objects with acceptable accuracy over a wide range of radiation exposures.
Interferometry and ophthalmics at the College of Optical Sciences (2014)

A long-term research program has been in place at the College of Optical Sciences to apply interferometry to ophthalmic applications. These unique systems have been developed in response to industrial need. The first system is a transmission Mach-Zehnder interferometer used to measure the transmitted wavefront of a contact lens while it is submersed in saline. This interferometer allows the refractive power distribution of the lens to be measured. A second system makes use of a low-coherence interferometer to measure the index of refraction of contact lens materials. This task is complicated by the fact that the material is only available in very thin, flexible samples, and because the sample must remain hydrated in saline during the measurement. A third system also makes use of low-coherence interferometry to characterize the surface profile of both surfaces of a contact lens. Combined with index information, a complete model of the contact lens can be produced. Two additional interferometers examine the dynamics of fluid layers on the surface of a contact lens (in vitro) and of the tear film on the surface of the cornea (in vivo). Both systems are instantaneous phase shifting Twyman-Green interferometers. The evolution and changes to the fluid surface is measured at video rates with sub-wavelength precision. This paper tells the story of this research program.
Novel semiconductor-laser-integrated active AFM optical probe with ultrashort pulses and nanoscale aperture (2022)

Optical characterization at the nanoscale currently requires instruments such as NSOM/TERS, or hybrid AFM with specialized far-field optical microscopes that are quite complicated and do not provide any time-resolved data. We have demonstrated a novel class of probes for Scanning Probe Microscopy (SPM) - an Ultrafast Pulsed Atomic Force Microscopy Optical Probe (UFP AAOP) that will enhance characterization capabilities at the nanoscale and provide an exciting opportunity for obtaining both space- and time-resolved chemical information simultaneously. In the UFP AAOP design, a two-section quantum-dot mode-locked laser is monolithically integrated with an SPM probe fabricated from GaAs, with a nanoscale opening at the apex of the tip as the output aperture. With UFP AAOP, the light is supplied through the tip; hence, there is no scattered far-field light and thus significantly reduced background. Furthermore, the difficulties associated with laser alignment onto the tip and with imaging the signal onto a detector are avoided with the UFP AAOP. The UFP AAOP provides pulses with less than 4 ps duration and spatial resolution better than 300 nm at 1240 nm wavelength. It is potentially possible to reduce the pulse width to ~ 0.3 ps and to improve lateral resolution to ~ 1 nm. These unique optical probes will perform the functions of conventional AFM probes and simultaneously provide information about chemical properties of the sample at the nanoscale together with time-resolved spectroscopy. UFP AAOP will facilitate the creation of a new microscopy/spectroscopy instrument with combined single-molecule spatial resolution and ultrafast time-resolved capability.
Generation of antibodies that target and kill MUC1 expressing cancer cells via a novel cell-tethered MUC1 α/β junction epitope (2007)

3034 Background: MUC1 protein has generated considerable interest as a target for tumor killing. However, a serious shortcoming of anti-MUC1 antibodies generated to date is that they recognize epitopes within the strongly immunogenic tandem-repeat-array of the MUC1 a- chain which is released from the cell into the circulation. Soluble shed MUC1 a-chain sequesters anti-tandem-repeat-array antibodies, severely limiting their ability to reach MUC1-expressing malignant cells. Rather than target freely circulating MUC1 a-chain, we identified the junction of the MUC1 a-subunit to cell-membrane-bound MUC1 β-subunit as a preferable cell-tethered MUC1 epitope; since the site is not shed, antibodies recognizing it are more effective in targeting MUC1 expressing cells. Methods: To circumvent the immunogenicity of the a-chain tandem repeat array we formulated a novel antibody generating protocol utilizing immunization with both MUC1 cDNA and with the alternatively-spliced MUC1/X protein isoform from which the tandem repeat array is deleted. After immunization and hybridoma formation, anti- MUC1 a/β junction antibodies were selected. Results: DMC209 monoclonal antibodies uniquely specific for the MUC1 a/β junction were generated. The antibodies specifically bind the MUC1 a/β junction on full-length MUC1 expressed by breast and ovarian cancer cells, and on MUC1-positive malignant plasma cells of multiple myeloma. To demonstrate that anti-MUC1 a/β junction antibodies kill malignant cells, immunotoxin conjugates were formed with anti-MUC1 a/β junction polyclonal antibodies generated in our cDNA/protein immunization protocol and PE38, a powerful pseudomonas exotoxin. The antibody-exotoxin conjugates were potently cytocidal to MUC1-expressing malignant cells. Significantly, cell killing was abrogated by addition of soluble MUC1/X protein, highlighting that the cell-killing immunotoxin gains cell entry via the MUC1 a/β junction. Conclusions: The MUC1 a/β junction has been identified as an important cell-tethered MUC1 epitope against which highly specific antibodies can be generated capable of killing MUC1-expressing cells. These studies point to effective anti-MUC1-based immuno-therapeutic strategies. No significant financial relationships to disclose.
Skin biopsy analysis reveals predisposition to stretch mark formation (2005)

A series of in vitro tests led to the discovery of a dormant phenotype in dermal fibroblasts from patients with stretch marks. The described tests may serve as a diagnostic tool for predicting predisposition to stretch marks. The reported reversibility of impaired fibroblast phenotypes opens a new perspective for preventive treatments for people predisposed to stretch mark formation.
Poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) (PEDOT) infused TiO<sub>2</sub>nanofibers: the role of hole transport layer in photocatalytic degradation of phenazopyridine as a pharmaceutical contaminant (2016)

PEDOT infused TiO<sub>2</sub>nanofibers exhibit enhanced photocatalytic performance by improved hole transfer for the degradation of PAP.
Mechanisms of leukemogenesis induced by bovine leukemia virus: prospects for novel anti-retroviral therapies in human (2007)

In 1871, the observation of yellowish nodules in the enlarged spleen of a cow was considered to be the first reported case of bovine leukemia. The etiological agent of this lymphoproliferative disease, bovine leukemia virus (BLV), belongs to the deltaretrovirus genus which also includes the related human T-lymphotropic virus type 1 (HTLV-1). This review summarizes current knowledge of this viral system, which is important as a model for leukemogenesis. Recently, the BLV model has also cast light onto novel prospects for therapies of HTLV induced diseases, for which no satisfactory treatment exists so far.
Reaction Kinetics and Coking Behavior for Furan Deoxygenation via Catalytic Pyrolysis Using Methane (2017)

Abstract The effective deoxygenation of oxygenates remains a major challenge that needs to be overcome for industrial‐scale conversion of biomass to fuels. Present technology uses expensive gaseous hydrogen for deoxygenation. This work looks at the possibility of using methane or natural gas as an alternative for the deoxygenation process. Catalytic pyrolysis studies were carried out using furan as the model oxygenate in the presence of methane in a fixed‐bed reactor over 5 % Ni/HZSM‐5 as catalyst. The effects of temperature and space velocity on the catalyst activity, reaction kinetics, and deactivation behavior were studied. It was found that the deoxygenation of furan was first and second order with respect to furan and methane concentration, respectively. Deactivation studies suggested that catalyst deactivation takes place through poisoning, fouling, and sintering.
High-Performance Capillary Gel Electrochromatography with Replaceable Media (1998)

Capillary gel electrochromatography is evaluated with an entangled polymer solution which is pumped into the capillary and run under fritless conditions. The polymer used has an acid backbone with grafted hydrophobic segments, the polyacid giving the electroosmotic flow and the hydrophobe segments providing the retentive component. Experimental evaluation of this type of system reveals performance similar to capillary electrophoresis and other forms of electrochromatography. The analysis of plate height data demonstrates that zone broadening is primarily due to diffusion with little contribution from nonequilibrium zone broadening. Hence, operation at high velocities (high voltages) is most desirable as opposed to most chromatographic methods. Some of the advantages of this type of experiment include being able to replace the retentive media in a few minutes, fast and reproducible high-performance separation, and having a retention mechanism similar to reversed-phase liquid chromatography. Disadvantages include a low retentive phase concentration and hence low sample loadability and limited solvent compatibility of the polymer. A number of different separations are demonstrated including separation of alkyl benzoates, alkylphenones, alkylbenzenes, oxidation inhibitors, and PAHs.
Fast conjugate phase image reconstruction based on a Chebyshev approximation to correct for B0 field inhomogeneity and concomitant gradients (2008)

Off-resonance effects can cause image blurring in spiral scanning and various forms of image degradation in other MRI methods. Off-resonance effects can be caused by both B0 inhomogeneity and concomitant gradient fields. Previously developed off-resonance correction methods focus on the correction of a single source of off-resonance. This work introduces a computationally efficient method of correcting for B0 inhomogeneity and concomitant gradients simultaneously. The method is a fast alternative to conjugate phase reconstruction, with the off-resonance phase term approximated by Chebyshev polynomials. The proposed algorithm is well suited for semiautomatic off-resonance correction, which works well even with an inaccurate or low-resolution field map. The proposed algorithm is demonstrated using phantom and in vivo data sets acquired by spiral scanning. Semiautomatic off-resonance correction alone is shown to provide a moderate amount of correction for concomitant gradient field effects, in addition to B0 imhomogeneity effects. However, better correction is provided by the proposed combined method. The best results were produced using the semiautomatic version of the proposed combined method.
On the reuse of read and write assist circuits to improve test efficiency in low-power SRAMs (2013)

Read and write assist techniques are widely adopted to allow voltage scaling in low-power SRAMs. In particular, this paper analyzes two assist techniques: word line level reduction and negative bit line boost. The analyzed assist techniques improve read stability and write margin of core-cells when the SRAM operates at a lowered supply voltage. In this work, we investigate the impact of such assist techniques on the faulty behavior of low-power SRAMs. This analysis is based on extensive injection of resistive-open and resistive-bridging defects in core-cells of a commercial low-power SRAM. Our study determines the most stressful configuration of assist circuits to detect each faulty behavior induced by injected defects. We show that, by applying most stressful configurations of assist circuits during test phase, defect coverage can be increased up to 89% w.r.t. test solutions that do not exploit assist circuits. Based on this analysis, we present an efficient test solution that exploits the configuration of assist circuits as a parameter to maximize the detection of studied defects, while reducing time complexity up to 73% w.r.t. test flows using state-of-the-art test algorithms.
Synthesis of boron nitride ceramics from 2,4,6-triaminoborazine (1989)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTSynthesis of boron nitride ceramics from 2,4,6-triaminoborazineChaitanya K. Narula, Riley Schaeffer, Ahbaya Datye, and Robert T. PaineCite this: Inorg. Chem. 1989, 28, 21, 4053–4055Publication Date (Print):October 1, 1989Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 October 1989https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ic00320a025https://doi.org/10.1021/ic00320a025research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views197Altmetric-Citations38LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (1)»Supporting Information Supporting Information Get e-Alerts
Stable Cyclic (Alkyl)(Amino)Carbenes as Rigid or Flexible, Bulky, Electron‐Rich Ligands for Transition‐Metal Catalysts: A Quaternary Carbon Atom Makes the Difference (2005)

CAACs (cyclische (Alkyl)(amino)carbene) sind starke σ-Donoren mit drastisch von denen sperriger, elektronenreicher Phosphine (A) und cyclischer Diaminocarbene (B) abweichenden sterischen Umgebungen. Diese einfach zugänglichen Carbene sind reizvolle Katalysatorliganden, wie die erste Palladium-vermittelte α-Arylierung von Ketonen und Aldehyden mit nichtaktivierten Arylchloriden bei Raumtemperatur belegt.
Role of the E2 Hypervariable Region (HVR1) in the Immunogenicity of a Recombinant Hepatitis C Virus Vaccine (2018)

Current evidence supports a protective role for virus-neutralizing antibodies in immunity against hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection. Many cross-neutralizing monoclonal antibodies have been identified. These antibodies have been shown to provide protection or to clear infection in animal models. Previous clinical trials have shown that a gpE1/gpE2 vaccine can induce antibodies that neutralize the <i>in vitro</i> infectivity of all the major cell culture-derived HCV (HCVcc) genotypes around the world. However, cross-neutralization appeared to favor certain genotypes, with significant but lower neutralization against others. HCV may employ epitope masking to avoid antibody-mediated neutralization. Hypervariable region 1 (HVR1) at the amino terminus of glycoprotein E2 has been shown to restrict access to many neutralizing antibodies. Consistent with this, other groups have reported that recombinant viruses lacking HVR1 are hypersensitive to neutralization. It has been proposed that gpE1/gpE2 lacking this domain could be a better vaccine antigen to induce broadly neutralizing antibodies. In this study, we examined the immunogenicity of recombinant gpE1/gpE2 lacking HVR1 (ΔHVR1). Our results indicate that wild-type (WT) and ΔHVR1 gpE1/gpE2 antigens induced antibodies targeting many well-characterized cross-genotype-neutralizing epitopes. However, while the WT gpE1/gpE2 vaccine can induce cross-genotype protection against various genotypes of HCVcc and/or HCV-pseudotyped virus (HCVpp), antisera from ΔHVR1 gpE1/gpE2-immunized animals exhibited either reduced homologous neutralization activity compared to that of the WT or heterologous neutralization activity similar to that of the WT. These data suggest that ΔHVR1 gpE1/gpE2 is not a superior vaccine antigen. Based on previously reported chimpanzee protection data using WT gpE1/gpE2 and our current findings, we are preparing a combination vaccine including wild-type recombinant gpE1/gpE2 for clinical testing in the future.<b>IMPORTANCE</b> An HCV vaccine is an unmet medical need. Current evidence suggests that neutralizing antibodies play an important role in virus clearance, along with cellular immune responses. Previous clinical data showed that gpE1/gpE2 can effectively induce cross-neutralizing antibodies, although they favor certain genotypes. HCV employs HVR1 within gpE2 to evade host immune control. It has been hypothesized that the removal of this domain would improve the production of cross-neutralizing antibodies. In this study, we compared the immunogenicities of WT and ΔHVR1 gpE1/gpE2 antigens as vaccine candidates. Our results indicate that the ΔHVR1 gpE1/gpE2 antigen confers no advantages in the neutralization of HCV compared with the WT antigen. Previously, we showed that this WT antigen remains the only vaccine candidate to protect chimpanzees from chronic infection, contains multiple cross-neutralizing epitopes, and is well tolerated and immunogenic in humans. The current data support the further clinical development of this vaccine antigen component.
Artificial Control of Cell Signaling Using a Photocleavable Cobalt(III)–Nitrosyl Complex (2019)

Cells use gaseous molecules such as nitric oxide (NO) to transmit both intracellular and intercellular signals. In principle, the endogenous small molecules regulate physiological changes, but it is unclear how randomly diffusive molecules trigger and discriminate signaling programs. Herein, it is shown that gasotransmitters use time-dependent dynamics to discriminate the endogenous and exogenous inputs. For a real-time stimulation of cell signaling, we synthesized a photo-cleavable metal-nitrosyl complex, [Co<sup>III</sup> (MDAP)(NO)(CH<sub>3</sub> CN)]<sup>2+</sup> (MDAP=N,N'-dimethyl-2,11-diaza[3,3](2,6)pyridinophane), which can stably deliver and selectively release NO with fine temporal resolution in the cytosol, and used this to study the extracellular signal-regulated kinases (ERKs), revealing how cells use both exogenous and endogenous NO to disentangle cellular responses. This technique can be to understand how diverse cellular signaling networks are dynamically interconnected and also to control drug delivery systems.
Novel analogs of choline as potential neuroprotective agents (2005)

The ability of choline to serve as a full, though low potency agonist for the alpha7 nicotinic receptor has provided the impetus to develop analogs that exhibit levels of potency and effectiveness suitable for use as therapeutic agents. Seven analogs of choline were synthesized based on previous work with the analog pyrrolidinecholine. The drugs were administered to differentiated PC-12 cells 24 hr prior to growth factor withdrawal which itself induced cytotoxicity in 30-40% of the cells. Three of 7 choline analogs exhibited potency and efficacy similar to that for nicotine as cytoprotective agents. Despite being tertiary amines, 4 of the choline analogs were more potent than choline in inhibiting [(3)H]choline uptake into cultured fibroblasts transfected with the high affinity, sodium-dependent choline transporter. One of the most effective analogs JAY 2-21-29 was shown to produce a potent (EC50 approximately 30 nM) cytoprotective action that was blocked by pretreatment with the alpha7 nicotinic receptor selective antagonist methyllycaconitine, but not by thealpha2 subtype-preferring antagonist dihydro-beta-erythroidin. These preliminary studies support the further neurochemical characterization of these compounds 1) as selectivealpha7 nicotinic receptor agonists and, 2) based on their interaction with the choline transporter, as potential cholinergic false neurotransmitters as has been demonstrated for pyrrolidinecholine.