gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Effect of a Snack Bar Optimized to Reduce Alcohol Bioavailability: A Randomized Controlled Clinical Trial in Healthy Individuals (2019)

Alcohol intoxication impairs judgment and reaction times and the level of blood alcohol concentration (BAC) is highly correlated with accidents and injury. We hypothesized that a food optimized to delay gastric emptying, a reduced alcohol bioavailability bar (RABB), would decrease postprandial BAC and alcohol bioavailability with greater caloric-efficiency than control foods. Therefore, we evaluated the RABB in a randomized, crossover trial in 21 overnight fasted healthy adults (10 male, 11 female). Just before consuming a moderate dose of alcohol (0.3-0.35 g/kg body weight), participants ate either (1) no food (NF, 0 kcal), (2) the RABB (210 kcal), (3) a savory snack mix (SSM, 210 kcal), or (4) a multicomponent meal (MCM, 635 kcal) and their BAC was measured over 90 minutes using a breathalyzer, the primary endpoint being peak BAC (pBAC). pBACs were analyzed by repeated measures analysis of variance (ANOVA) (<i>F</i> = 107.5, <i>P</i> < .0001) with the differences between means assessed using Tukey's honestly significant difference test. The pBAC of each group was different (<i>P</i> < .001) from all other groups (NF = 0.064 ± 0.003, SSM = 0.047 ± 0.002, RABB = 0.031 ± 0.002, MCM = 0.020 ± 0.002%; mean ± standard error of the mean). Furthermore, the bioavailability of alcohol over 90 minutes (BA90) was reduced compared to the NF group by similar margins (SSM = 22.0 ± 2.2, RABB = 45.0 ± 3.8, MCM = 67.9 ± 3.1%) with the mean BA90 of each group different from all other groups (<i>P</i> < .001). Compared to the NF condition, the average reduction of pBAC per 100 calories of food consumed was higher for the RABB (24.0%) than either the SSM (11.8%) or the MCM (10.7%). This study demonstrates that the RABB can reduce both pBAC and alcohol bioavailability with high caloric-efficiency.
MOF Nano‐Vesicles and Toroids: Self‐Assembled Porous Soft‐Hybrids for Light Harvesting (2013)

Abstract Metal‐organic vesicular and toroid nanostructures of Zn(OPE)·2H 2 O are achieved by coordination‐directed self‐assembly of oligo ‐phenyleneethynylenedicarboxylic acid (OPEA) as a linker with Zn(OAc) 2 by controlling the reaction parameters. Self‐assembled nanostructures are characterized by powder X‐ray diffraction, field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and adsorption study. The amphiphilic nature of the coordination‐polymer with long alkyl chains renders different soft vesicular and toroidal nanostructures. The permanent porosity of the framework is established by gas adsorption study. Highly luminescent 3D porous framework is exploited for Froster's resonance energy transfer (FRET) by encapsulation of a suitable cationic dye ( DSMP ) which shows efficient funneling of excitation energy. These results demonstrate the dynamic and soft nature of the MOF, resulting in unprecedented vesicular and toroidal nanostructures with efficient light harvesting applications.
Error-Free Arithmetic and Architecture for H.264 (2006)

H.264/AVC is the newest international video coding standard. The standard uses a new DCT-like integer transform (Int-DCT) which is an integer orthogonal approximation to the classical DCT. The objective of using integer coefficients is to provide a completely reversible transform and also reduce the implementation complexity. The main disadvantage is that it increases the quantizer complexity and, consequently, the hardware costs. In this paper we present a new error-free encoding, based on algebraic integers, for a classical DCT and its hardware implementation. This can be used as an alternative transform for H.264 encoders, which results in a simple, parallel, and multiplication-free architecture, and also minimizes the complexity of the quantizer and the dynamic range of the computations. We propose an initial FPGA implementation where the system can process around 1650 Mpixel/sec, and satisfies all real time constraints for digital multimedia applications
Handbook of blind source separation independent component analysis and applications (2010)

ISBN = 978-0-12-374726-6 http://www.elsevier.com/wps/find/bookdescription.cws_home/717222/description
Fast diffusion imaging with high angular resolution (2016)

The proposed imaging strategy can generate HARDI results with relatively good geometrical fidelity and low scan duration, which may help facilitate the transition of HARDI from a successful research tool to a practical clinical one. Magn Reson Med 77:696-706, 2017. © 2016 International Society for Magnetic Resonance in Medicine.
Hybrid algorithm for optimisation of m-loop electric power distribution networks (2004)

A heuristic method using artificial neural networks (ANN) for designing m-loop electric power distribution networks is presented. The task is to connect transformer stations (with given locations and loads) into m loops in order to minimise the given aim function, subject to technical constraints. The problem of designing the described network is similar to the travelling salesman problem and is a NP-hard problem. As the optimisation criterion, the minimal annual cost of electric power network was chosen. The network structure obtained with use of ANN is improved in the last stage of the proposed algorithm by the simulated annealing method or by manual exchange of transformer stations. Definition of the problem, as well as a short algorithm and some results of tests performed on m-loop electric power network models, are presented in the paper.
The anterior gradient 2 (AGR2) gene is overexpressed in prostate cancer and may be useful as a urine sediment marker for prostate cancer detection (2010)

AGR2 enhances the invasion phenotype of prostate cancer cells while at the same time attenuating cell-cycle progression. This function, its expression pattern and the increased level of AGR transcripts in urine sediments of prostate cancer patients call for further exploration as a prostate cancer marker and a modulator of tumor growth and invasion.
Training Sparse Neural Networks (2016)

Deep neural networks with lots of parameters are typically used for large-scale computer vision tasks such as image classification. This is a result of using dense matrix multiplications and convolutions. However, sparse computations are known to be much more efficient. In this work, we train and build neural networks which implicitly use sparse computations. We introduce additional gate variables to perform parameter selection and show that this is equivalent to using a spike-and-slab prior. We experimentally validate our method on both small and large networks and achieve state-of-the-art compression results for sparse neural network models.
Variable-Gain, Low-Noise Amplification for Sampling Front Ends (2011)

This paper presents a low-noise front-end amplifier with configurable gain, targeting the recording of small signals, such as the electrocardiogram (ECG) or electroneurogram (ENG). The circuit consists of a continuous-time input stage using lateral bipolar transistors realized in complementary metal-oxide semiconductor (CMOS) technology followed by a switched-capacitor integrating stage. The voltage gain is adjustable by varying the phase delay between two system clocks. Simulated and measured results for a chip fabricated in 0.35-μm CMOS technology are reported. The amplifier occupies an active area of 0.064 mm(2), yields a nominal gain of 630 V/V with more than a 50-dB tuning range, less than 16 nVrms/√Hz input noise and a common-mode rejection of more than 97 dB. Its power consumption is 280 μW with a ±1.5-V supply.
Electroless Production of Fertilizer (Struvite) and Hydrogen from Synthetic Agricultural Wastewaters (2020)

The drive toward sustainable phosphorus (P) recovery from agricultural and municipal wastewater streams has intensified. However, combining P recovery with energy conservation is perhaps one of the greatest challenges of this century. In this study, we report for the first time the simultaneous electroless production of struvite and dihydrogen from aqueous ammonium dihydrogen phosphate (NH<sub>4</sub>H<sub>2</sub>PO<sub>4</sub>) solutions in contact with either a pure magnesium (Mg) or a Mg alloy as the anode and 316 stainless steel (SS) as the cathode placed in a bench-scale electrochemical reactor. During the electroless process (i.e., in the absence of external electrical power), the open circuit potential (OCP), the formation of struvite on the anode, and the generation of dihydrogen at the cathode were monitored. We found that struvite is formed, and that struvite crystal structure/morphology and precipitate film thickness are affected by the concentration of the H<sub><i>n</i></sub>PO<sub>4</sub><sup><i>n</i>-3</sup>/NH<sub>4</sub><sup>+</sup> in solution and the composition of the anode. The pure Mg anode produced a porous 0.6-4.1 μm thick film, while the AZ31 Mg alloy produced a more compact 1.7-9.9 μm thick struvite film. Kinetic analyses revealed that Mg dissolution to Mg<sup>2+</sup> followed mostly a zero-order kinetic rate law for both Mg anode materials, and the rate constants (<i>k</i>) depended upon the struvite layer morphology. Fourier-transform infrared spectrometry, X-ray diffraction, and scanning electron microscopy indicated that the synthesized struvite was of high quality. The dihydrogen and Mg<sup>2+</sup> in solution were detected by a gas chromatography-thermal conductivity detector and ion chromatography, respectively. Furthermore, we fully demonstrate that the reactor was able to remove ∼73% of the H<sub><i>n</i></sub>PO<sub>4</sub><sup><i>n</i>-3</sup> present in a natural poultry wastewater as mainly struvite. This study highlights the feasibility of simultaneously producing struvite and dihydrogen from wastewater effluents with no energy input in a green and sustainable approach.
Ionization-detected Raman studies of the 1600 cm−1 Fermi dyad of benzene (1985)

We present the first rotationally resolved Raman spectrum of a degenerate rovibrational transition in benzene as a demonstration of the high spectral resolving power and sensitivity attainable by ionization detected stimulated Raman spectroscopy (IDSRS). The double-resonance form of the technique allows the clean separation of the Raman spectra of the Fermi dyad composed of the ν16 fundamental and ν2+ν18 combination vibrations.
Detailed model of the afterglow region of a microwave generated oxygen plasma (1992)

A one-dimensional mass continuity equation was used to model a low pressure, high radical concentration, nonisothermal oxygen afterglow reactor. This type of afterglow system has never been modeled despite its broad range of uses: low temperature passivation of polycrystalline silicon thin film transistors, chemical vapor deposition and etching, ceramic superconductor oxidation, growing silicon dioxide surfaces, and surface cleaning including the removal of photoresist films. It was shown that the model, with no adjustable parameters, yielded very good agreement with experimental measures of O-atom flux. The temperature profile and charged particle concentration profile used in the model were measured experimentally. The model was manipulated to study the influence of temperature profile, pressure, homogeneous and heterogeneous kinetics, O-atom generation, and flow rate on the afterglow plasma. Some results were surprising, such as the finding that the value and position of maximum O-atom concentration can be readily manipulated. The model was also used to assess the validity of a frequently used probe of O-atom flux.
3D inversion of a scalar radio magnetotelluric field data set (2003)

Abstract A radio magnetotelluric (MT) field data set, acquired in scalar mode, over a buried waste site has been successfully analyzed using a 3D MT inversion scheme using nonlinear conjugate gradients. The results of this analysis demonstrate the utility of the scheme where more than 4800 data points collected on multiple measurement profiles have been inverted simultaneously. The resulting image clearly detects the buried waste; when receiver profiles cross pit boundaries, the image maps the lateral extent of the pit. However, the base of the pit is poorly resolved, and depends upon the starting model used to launch the inversion. Hence, critical information on whether contamination is leaching into a resistive gravel bed lining the base of the pit, as well as the deeper geological horizons consisting of brown coal, clay, and tertiary sands, is inconclusive. Nevertheless, by incorporating within the inversion process a priori information of the background media that is host to the waste, sharper images of the base of the pit are obtained, which are in good agreement with borehole data. The 3D analysis applied in this paper overcomes previous limitations in the radio magnetotelluric (RMT) method using 2D data analysis and inversion. With 3D analysis, it is unnecessary to make assumptions regarding geological strike, and near-surface statics can be accommodated in both source polarizations. Our findings also indicate that 2D MT interpretation can overestimate the pit's depth extent. This may lead to the erroneous conclusion that the geological horizons beneath the pit have been contaminated.
Anti-reflective coating for multipatterning lithography (2008)

New bottom anti-reflective coatings (BARCs) have been developed that can be incorporated into multiple patterning schemes utilizing scanner-track-only processes. The BARCs have modifiable optical properties and can be removed during the resist development step. Several dual patterning schemes were investigated for trench printing. The most promising process produced 110 nm trenches with approximately 1:1 space ratios. The etch characteristics of these BARCs under fluorinated and oxygenated gases were determined.
A study of photothermal laser ablation of various polymers on microsecond time scales (2014)

To analyze the photothermal ablation of polymers, we designed a temperature measurement setup based on spectral pyrometry. The setup allows to acquire 2D temperature distributions with 1 μm size and 1 μs time resolution and therefore the determination of the center temperature of a laser heating process. Finite element simulations were used to verify and understand the heat conversion and heat flow in the process. With this setup, the photothermal ablation of polystyrene, poly(α-methylstyrene), a polyimide and a triazene polymer was investigated. The thermal stability, the glass transition temperature Tg and the viscosity above Tg were governing the ablation process. Thermal decomposition for the applied laser pulse of about 10 μs started at temperatures similar to the start of decomposition in thermogravimetry. Furthermore, for polystyrene and poly(α-methylstyrene), both with a Tg in the range between room and decomposition temperature, ablation already occurred at temperatures well below the decomposition temperature, only at 30-40 K above Tg. The mechanism was photomechanical, i.e. a stress due to the thermal expansion of the polymer was responsible for ablation. Low molecular weight polymers showed differences in photomechanical ablation, corresponding to their lower Tg and lower viscosity above the glass transition. However, the difference in ablated volume was only significant at higher temperatures in the temperature regime for thermal decomposition at quasi-equilibrium time scales.
Gene Therapy for Choroideremia Using an Adeno-Associated Viral (AAV) Vector (2014)

Choroideremia is an outer retinal degeneration with a characteristic clinical appearance that was first described in the nineteenth century. The disorder begins with reduction of night vision and gradually progresses to blindness by middle age. The appearance of the fundus in sufferers is recognizable by the characteristic pale color caused by the loss of the outer retina, retinal-pigmented epithelium, and choroidal vessels, leading to exposure of the underlying sclera. Choroideremia shows X-linked recessive inheritance and the choroideremia gene (CHM) was one of the first to be identified by positional cloning in 1990. Subsequent identification and characterization of the CHM gene, which encodes Rab escort protein 1 (REP1), has led to better comprehension of the disease and enabled advances in genetic diagnosis. Despite several decades of work to understand the exact pathogenesis, no established treatments currently exist to stop or even slow the progression of retinal degeneration in choroideremia. Encouragingly, several specific molecular and clinical features make choroideremia an ideal candidate for treatment with gene therapy. This work describes the considerations and challenges in the development of a new clinical trial using adeno-associated virus (AAV) encoding the CHM gene.
Visualizing real-time language-based feedback on teamwork behavior in computer-mediated groups (2009)

While most collaboration technologies are concerned with supporting particular tasks such as workflows or meetings, many work groups do not have the teamwork skills essential to effective collaboration. One way to improve teamwork is to provide dynamic feedback generated by automated analyses of behavior, such as language use. Such feedback can lead members to reflect on and subsequently improve their collaborative behavior, but might also distract from the task at hand. We have experimented with GroupMeter - a chat-based system that presents visual feedback on team members' language use. Feedback on proportion of agreement words and overall word count was presented using two different designs. When receiving feedback, teams in our study expressed more agreement in their conversations and reported greater focus on language use as compared to when not receiving feedback. This suggests that automated, real-time linguistic feedback can elicit behavioral changes, offering opportunities for future research.
Inspired CO<sub>2</sub>and O<sub>2</sub>in sleeping infants rebreathing from bedding: relevance for sudden infant death syndrome (2001)

Some infants sleep facedown for long periods with no ill effects, whereas others become hypoxemic. Rebreathing of expired air has been determined by CO(2) measurement; however, O(2) levels under such conditions have not been determined. To evaluate this and other factors influencing inspired gas concentrations, we studied 21 healthy infants during natural sleep while facedown on soft bedding. We measured gas exchange with the environment and bedding, ventilatory response to rebreathing, and concentrations of inspired CO(2) and O(2). Two important factors influencing inspired gas concentrations were 1) a variable seal between bedding and infants' faces and 2) gas gradients in the bedding beneath the infants, with O(2)-poor and CO(2)-rich air nearest to the face, fresher air distal to the face, and larger tidal volumes being associated with fresher inspired air. Minute ventilation increased significantly while rebreathing because of an increase in tidal volume, not frequency. The measured drop in inspired O(2) was significantly greater than the accompanying rise in inspired CO(2). This appears to be due to effects of the respiratory exchange ratio and differential tissue solubilities of CO(2) and O(2) during unsteady conditions.
Secretory Systems and Toxins (2003)

1. Synaptic Vesicle Proteins - A Molecular Study 2. Dissection of the Secretory Machinery 3. Regulatory Roles for Lipids in Vesicle Trafficking and Secretion 4. Fusion Proteins and the Fusion Events 5. Chromaffin Cells as a Secretory System - The Use of Neurotoxins 6. Botulinum Neurotoxins and Their Substrates 7. Purification, Function and Selectivity in a-Latrotoxin 8. The Synapsins and Neurotransmission 9. Morphological Studies of the Secretory Machinery Using Neurotoxin Probes 10. Molecular Mechanisms of the Action of Clostridium botulinum Type B Neurotoxin 11. Neurotoxins and Safety-Latches of the Secretory Process
Copper-Triggered Bioorthogonal Cleavage Reactions for Reversible Protein and Cell Surface Modifications (2019)

Temporal and reversible control over protein and cell conjugations holds great potential for traceless release of antibody-drug conjugates (ADCs) on tumor sites as well as on-demand altering or removal of targeting elements on cell surface. We herein developed a bioorthogonal and traceless releasable reaction on proteins and intact cells to fulfill such purposes. A systematic survey of transition metals in catalyzing the bioorthogonal cleavage reactions revealed that copper complexes such as Cu(I)-BTTAA and dual-substituted propargyl (dsPra) or propargyloxycarbonyl (dsProc) moieties offered a bioorthogonal releasable pair for reversible blockage and rescue of primary amines and phenol alcohols on small molecule drugs, protein side chains, as well as intact cell surface. For proof-of-concept, we employed such Cu(I)-BTTAA/dsProc and Cu(I)-BTTAA/dsPra pairs as a "traceless linker" strategy to construct cleavable ADCs to unleash cytotoxic compounds on cancer cells in situ and as a "reversible modification" strategy for cell surface engineering. Furthermore, by coupling with the genetic code expansion strategy, we site-specifically modulated ligand-receptor interactions on live cell membranes. Together, our work expanded the transition-metal-mediated bioorthogonal cleavage tool kit from terminal decaging to internal-linker breakage, which offered a temporal and reversible conjugation strategy on therapeutic proteins and cells.
Video Transformer for Deepfake Detection with Incremental Learning (2021)

Face forgery by deepfake is widely spread over the internet and this raises severe societal concerns. In this paper, we propose a novel video transformer with incremental learning for detecting deepfake videos. To better align the input face images, we use a 3D face reconstruction method to generate UV texture from a single input face image. The aligned face image can also provide pose, eyes blink and mouth movement information that cannot be perceived in the UV texture image, so we use both face images and their UV texture maps to extract the image features. We present an incremental learning strategy to fine-tune the proposed model on a smaller amount of data and achieve better deepfake detection performance. The comprehensive experiments on various public deepfake datasets demonstrate that the proposed video transformer model with incremental learning achieves state-of-the-art performance in the deepfake video detection task with enhanced feature learning from the sequenced data.
KBGAN: Adversarial Learning for Knowledge Graph Embeddings (2017)

We introduce KBGAN, an adversarial learning framework to improve the performances of a wide range of existing knowledge graph embedding models. Because knowledge graphs typically only contain positive facts, sampling useful negative training examples is a non-trivial task. Replacing the head or tail entity of a fact with a uniformly randomly selected entity is a conventional method for generating negative facts, but the majority of the generated negative facts can be easily discriminated from positive facts, and will contribute little towards the training. Inspired by generative adversarial networks (GANs), we use one knowledge graph embedding model as a negative sample generator to assist the training of our desired model, which acts as the discriminator in GANs. This framework is independent of the concrete form of generator and discriminator, and therefore can utilize a wide variety of knowledge graph embedding models as its building blocks. In experiments, we adversarially train two translation-based models, TransE and TransD, each with assistance from one of the two probability-based models, DistMult and ComplEx. We evaluate the performances of KBGAN on the link prediction task, using three knowledge base completion datasets: FB15k-237, WN18 and WN18RR. Experimental results show that adversarial training substantially improves the performances of target embedding models under various settings.