gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Structure and Lithium-Ion Dynamics in Fluoride-Doped Cubic Li<sub>7</sub>La<sub>3</sub>Zr<sub>2</sub>O<sub>12</sub> (LLZO) Garnet for Li Solid-State Battery Applications (2018)

The lithium-stuffed garnet Li7La3Zr2O12 (LLZO), when suitably doped, is a promising candidate material for use as a solid-state electrolyte within advanced Li-ion batteries. It possesses the thermal and mechanical stability of many inorganic ceramics, while exhibiting high Li+ ionic conductivities often associated with conventional liquid electrolytes, making it an ideal component for large-scale energy storage. However, only the high-temperature cubic phase has any meaningful Li-ion conductivity. Typically the formation of this phase is achieved through cation doping (e.g., Al3+ on the Li site) to lower the Li content and so disrupt Li ordering. However, Li-site doping, in particular, may potentially lead to some disruption of the Li-ion conduction pathways and suboptimal ionic conductivities. Consequently, other novel doping strategies involving the anion site are gaining traction, for example, F– for O2– as an alternative strategy to lower the Li content without directly blocking the lithium-diffusion pathways. For the first time, classical potential-based simulations have been employed to simulate the incorporation of fluoride anions into LLZO. Low incorporation energies have been calculated, suggesting fluoride anions are stable on the oxygen sites with a compensating lithium-ion vacancy defect. Molecular dynamics calculations suggest a definitive phase transition to the more desirable cubic phase of LLZO when doped with fluoride at temperature significantly lower than that for the tetragonal–cubic phase transition found for pure LLZO. Remarkably, the lithium-ion transport properties are shown to improve in the fluoride-doped samples particularly at low temperatures due to the stabilization of the cubic phase, suggesting anion doping of garnet systems may be a compelling alternative route to optimize the ionic conductivity.
Sequencing and overexpression of the <i>Escherichia coli aroE</i> gene encoding shikimate dehydrogenase (1988)

The Escherichia coli aroE gene encoding shikimate dehydrogenase was sequenced. The deduced amino acid sequence was confirmed by N-terminal amino acid sequencing and amino acid analysis of the overproduced protein. The complete polypeptide chain has 272 amino acid residues and has a calculated Mr of 29,380. E. coli shikimate dehydrogenase is homologous to the shikimate dehydrogenase domain of the fungal arom multifunctional enzymes and to the catabolic quinate dehydrogenase of Neurospora crassa.
Acetohydroxamic Acid: Clinical Studies of a Urease Inhibitor in Patients With Staghorn Renal Calculi (1978)

The hydrolysis of urea by the bacterial enzyme urease pathologically increase urinary ammonia, bicarbonate, carconate and alkalinity. These factors contribute to the formation of urinary stones and to the virulence of bacteria. Acetohydroxamic acid, a potent inhibitor of urease, has been administered to 23 patients with staghorn renal calculi and urea-splitting urinary infection. Urinary ammonia and alkalinity has been reduced in every patient. A dose of 1.0 gm. acetohydroxamic acid daily has been well tolerated and effective for 2 to 12 months, even in patients with impaired renal function.
Multivariate analysis of a 100-nm process measured by in-line scatterometry (2004)

In addition to being more accurate and non-destructive compared to CD-SEM metrology, scatterometry provides more information that is usable for Advanced Process Control (APC). The integrated Optical Digital Profilometry (iODP) scatterometry tool included in the TEL Clean Track product line is designed to give not only a quick in-line pattern characterization but also to allow possible identification and correction of the parameters responsible for the process variation. In the case of a trapezoidal approximation of the resist profile, three partially independent responses such as top CD, sidewall angle and height of the pattern are available. If the process drifts, it is likely that the pattern shape will behave differently depending on the parameter responsible for the variation. A design of experiment was run on a 100nm process with different resist softbake (PAB), exposure, focus and post-exposure bake (PEB) conditions. The data measured by iODP was then analyzed using a multivariate technique. A Projection to Latent Structures (PLS) model was built between the processing conditions and the profile measurement enabling the separation of three groups of profile variation. Additional experiments have shown that variations of bottom antireflective thickness can be separated from the other process parameters.
Refined localization of the cerebral cavernous malformation gene (CCM1) to a 4-cM interval of chromosome 7q contained in a well-defined YAC contig. (1995)

Cerebral cavernous malformations (CCM) are vascular lesions present in some 20 million people worldwide that are responsible for seizures, migraine, hemorrhage, and other neurologic problems. Familial cases ofCCM can be inherited as an autosomal dominant disorder with variable expression. A gene for CCM (CCM/)was recently mapped to a 33-cM segment of chromosome 7q in a large Hispanic family (Dubovsky et al.1995). Here, the collection of several new short tandem repeat polymorphisms (STRPs) within the region of interest on 7q and the refinement of the marker order in this region using both linkage analysis in CEPH families and especially YAC-based STS content mapping are described. Affected members of three Hispanic families share allele haplotypes indicating a common ancestral mutation within these families. Using the shared haplotype information along with analysis of crossovers in affected individuals from both the Hispanic and Caucasian families, the region likely to contain the CCMI gene has been reduced to a 4-cM segment of 7q between D7S2410 and D7S689. All markers within the refined chromosomal segment were located on a single YAC contig estimated to be approximately 2 Mb in size. Four potential candidate genes have been mapped to this region.
Regulation of breast cancer metastasis by Runx2 and estrogen signaling: the role of SNAI2 (2011)

E2 antagonizes Runx2-induced EMT and invasiveness of BCa cells, partly through attenuating expression of SNAI2, a Runx2 target required for mediating its pro-metastatic property. That ERα loss promotes non-osseous metastasis by unleashing Runx2/SNAI2 is supported by the negative correlation observed in corresponding tumors. Unknown mechanisms in bone-seeking BCa allow high Runx2/SNAI2 expression despite high ERα level.
A Practical and Catalytic Reductive Olefin Coupling (2014)

A redox-economic method for the direct coupling of olefins that uses an inexpensive iron catalyst and a silane reducing agent is reported. Thus, unactivated olefins can be joined directly to electron-deficient olefins in both intra- and intermolecular settings to generate hindered bicyclic systems, vicinal quaternary centers, and even cyclopropanes in good yield. The reaction is not sensitive to oxygen or moisture and has been performed on gram-scale. Most importantly, it allows access to many compounds that would be difficult or perhaps impossible to access using other methods.
Water oxidation chemistry of photosystem II (2007)

Photosystem II (PSII) uses light energy to split water into protons, electrons and O 2 . In this reaction, nature has solved the difficult chemical problem of efficient four-electron oxidation of water to yield O 2 without significant amounts of reactive intermediate species such as superoxide, hydrogen peroxide and hydroxyl radicals. In order to use nature's solution for the design of artificial catalysts that split water, it is important to understand the mechanism of the reaction. The recently published X-ray crystal structures of cyanobacterial PSII complexes provide information on the structure of the Mn and Ca ions, the redox-active tyrosine called Y Z and the surrounding amino acids that comprise the O 2 -evolving complex (OEC). The emerging structure of the OEC provides constraints on the different hypothesized mechanisms for O 2 evolution. The water oxidation mechanism of PSII is discussed in the light of biophysical and computational studies, inorganic chemistry and X-ray crystallographic information.
MAPT (Tau) expression is a biomarker for an increased rate of survival for low‑grade glioma (2018)

The association of MAPT (Tau) with various tauopathies and other neurological disorders has long been established. However, the role of microtubule‑associated protein Tau (MAPT) expression in brain cancer is largely unknown. To determine whether MAPT expression is related to low‑grade glioma (LGG) survival rates, RNASeq data representing samples from the Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) were assessed. Results revealed that high expression of the MAPT gene is very strongly associated with increased overall and disease‑free survival in LGG but not in breast cancer or melanoma. No such association was apparent for either amyloid precursor protein or α‑synuclein gene expression. The expression levels of particular apoptosis‑ and pro‑proliferative‑effector genes were consistent with the Tau‑associated increased survival rates. It has been well established that the Tau protein plays a neurodegenerative role, and in this study we identified, for the first time, a potential cell apoptosis function that Tau may play in cancers of the central nervous system.
Thiolactomycin, a new antibiotic. II. Structure elucidation. (1982)

Thiolactomycin, a new antibiotic produced by a soil isolate, Nocardia sp. No. 2-200, is shown to have the structure (4S)-(2E, 5E)-2, 4, 6-trimethyl-3-hydroxy-2, 5, 7-octatriene-4-thiolide on the basis of spectroscopic and X-ray crystallographic analyses. This compound containing an unusual thiolactone moiety is reported here as a representative of a new type of antibiotic.
Setting standards and establishing criteria (2010)

Central to any clinical audit and, in particular, criterion-based audit, is knowledge and recognition of the ‘standards of care’ for a particular condition. Once it is established exactly what should be done, then you can compare this with what is currently done and work out how to make improvements.
The concurrent validity of the <i>N</i> -back task as a working memory measure (2010)

The N-back task is used extensively in literature as a working memory (WM) paradigm and it is increasingly used as a measure of individual differences. However, not much is known about the psychometric properties of this task and the current study aims to shed more light on this issue. We first review the current literature on the psychometric properties of the N-back task. With three experiments using task variants with different stimuli and load levels, we then investigate the nature of the N-back task by investigating its relationship to WM, and its role as an inter-individual difference measure. Consistent with previous literature, our data suggest that the N-back task is not a useful measure of individual differences in WM, partly because of its insufficient reliability. Nevertheless, the task seems to be useful for experimental research in WM and also well predicts inter-individual differences in other higher cognitive functions, such as fluid intelligence, especially when used at higher levels of load.
Office-based colonoscopy in a family practice. (1992)

A total of 112 patients, 64 women and 48 men, underwent 157 in-office colonoscopies with intravenous sedation. A total of 113 polyps were found. Thirty polyps were of the diminutive (less than 0.6 cm) hyperplastic (metaplastic) or nonneoplastic type. Forty-three were of the diminutive adenomatous, or villous, neoplastic type, and 40 were neoplastic but larger than 0.6 cm. Biopsies and polypectomies were done. There were no instances of perforation, hemorrhage, or other major complications. A spectrum of other colorectal pathology was found, the majority of which was treated in the office. Patients were risk stratified for surveillance according to polyp histopathology, with nonneoplastic polyps assigned no risk, and neoplastic polyps assigned high risk status. This study demonstrates that for the most reliable prognostication and risk stratification, all polyps should be removed for histopathological assessment.
Formation of organic thin films by electrolysis of surfactants with the ferrocenyl moiety (1991)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTFormation of organic thin films by electrolysis of surfactants with the ferrocenyl moietyTetsuo Saji, Katsuyoshi Hoshino, Yoshiyuki Ishii, and Masayuki GotoCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1991, 113, 2, 450–456Publication Date (Print):January 1, 1991Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 January 1991https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00002a011https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00002a011research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views1245Altmetric-Citations154LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
A Polar Effects Controlled Enantioselective 1,2-Chlorine Atom Migration via a Chlorine-Bridged Radical Intermediate (2002)

An enantioselective 1,2-chlorine atom migration was observed in the tributyltin hydride reduction of various dihalogenated dihydrocinnamic acid derivatives. It is proposed that the reduction involves the formation of a chlorine-bridged radical intermediate, followed by hydrogen atom transfer to either the beta- or the alpha-carbon. The product distribution is affected by electron-withdrawing groups in that hydrogen atom transfer to the proximate carbon is favored. Presumably, this is due to the transition state of the hydrogen delivery step being electron rich, due to the relatively electropositive tin radical. These results demonstrate a 1,2-chlorine atom migration reaction governed by polar effects.
Engineered Polymer for Controlled Metal Nanoparticle Synthesis (2010)

A designer polymethylhydrosiloxane molecule, modified with nitrile and silanol groups, offers independent control of metal loading and particle size distribution when used to assist the preparation of metal nanoparticles.
Performance evaluation of the extended distributed queueing protocol for MAN (2002)

Scheduling in a network is different from scheduling in a centralised environment where all resource requests are immediately known to the centralised scheduler. In metropolitan or wide area networks communication delays can be long and scheduling has to be carried out in parallel by distributed nodes with partial or delayed information. The extended DQDB protocol proposed by Budrikis for the accommodation of connection oriented time critical services, tries to augment the degree of resource utilisation of a dual bus shared medium network while meeting the quality of service requirements. The performance of the extended DQDB protocol will be compared to the performance of the queueing discipline the protocol tries to implement. We study the impact of internode distance and loading conditions on access delay distribution and demonstrate the effect of the presence of low priority traffic on the high priority traffic delays. These measurements are performed on a simplified centralised queueing model and on a detailed simulation model for the DQDB and the discrepancies between target and reality are discussed.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Hepatocyte Growth Factor, a Key Tumor-Promoting Factor in the Tumor Microenvironment (2017)

The tumor microenvironment plays a key role in tumor development and progression. Stromal cells secrete growth factors, cytokines and extracellular matrix proteins which promote growth, survival and metastatic spread of cancer cells. Fibroblasts are the predominant constituent of the tumor stroma and Hepatocyte Growth Factor (HGF), the specific ligand for the tyrosine kinase receptor c-MET, is a major component of their secretome. Indeed, cancer-associated fibroblasts have been shown to promote growth, survival and migration of cancer cells in an HGF-dependent manner. Fibroblasts also confer resistance to anti-cancer therapy through HGF-induced epithelial mesenchymal transition (EMT) and activation of pro-survival signaling pathways such as ERK and AKT in tumor cells. Constitutive HGF/MET signaling in cancer cells is associated with increased tumor aggressiveness and predicts poor outcome in cancer patients. Due to its role in tumor progression and therapeutic resistance, both HGF and MET have emerged as valid therapeutic targets. Several inhibitors of MET and HGF are currently being tested in clinical trials. Preclinical data provide a strong indication that inhibitors of HGF/MET signaling overcome both primary and acquired resistance to EGFR, HER2, and BRAF targeting agents. These findings support the notion that co-targeting of cancer cells and stromal cells is required to prevent therapeutic resistance and to increase the overall survival rate of cancer patients. HGF dependence has emerged as a hallmark of therapeutic resistance, suggesting that inhibitors of biological activity of HGF should be included into therapeutic regimens of cancer patients.
Ad Slotting and Pricing: New Media Planning Models for New Media (2010)

scheduling, and pricing of ad slots in technology-enabled modes of advertising, including webpage banner ads, video games, electronic outdoor billboards, and the next generation of digital TV. This work contributes to practice by being the first academic work to rigorously study the scheduling of dynamic in-game advertising; contributes to the body of theory by formally studying the aggregation of audience segments using duality theory; generates managerial insights for directing pricing strategy; and makes numerous modeling contributions, hence the title: New Media Planning Models for New Media. A synopsis of the three main chapters follows. Chapter 1: “Scheduling of Dynamic In-Game Advertising” Dynamic in-game advertising is a new form of advertising in which ads are served to video game consoles in real-time over the Internet. We present a model for the in-game ad scheduling problem faced by Massive Inc., a wholly-owned subsidiary of Microsoft, and a leading global network provider of in-game ad space. Our model has two components: 1) a linear program (solved periodically) establishes target service rates, and 2) a real-time packing heuristic (run whenever a player enters a new level) tracks these service rates. We benchmark our model against Massive’s legacy algorithm: When tested on historical data, we observe 1) an 80-87 % reduction in make-good costs (depending
Architecture and frontal cortical connections of the premotor cortex (area 6) in the rhesus monkey (1987)

Abstract The premotor cortex (area 6) has several architectonic sectors that can be delineated on the basis of cytoarchitectonic and myeloarchitectonic features. Area 6 may be broadly subdivided into a dorsal and a ventral sector at the spur of the arcuate sulcus. Dorsal 6 lacks a granular layer IV, but ventral 6 has an emergent layer IV that separates laminae III and V. Dorsal 6 has a higher myelin content than ventral 6. Dorsal area 6 is further subdivided into a caudal and a rostral sector on the basis of the presence of large pyramidal cells in the caudal but not in the rostral sector. The rostral sector of area 6 can be subdivided into a medial region distinguished from a more laterally situated area by the presence of more compact and darkly stained cells in layers III and V. Ventral area 6 can be subdivided into an upper and lower division. The upper part has more prominent pyramidal cells in layers III and V, and a better developed outer Baillarger band and vertical plexus than the lower division. The efferent and afferent connections of area 6 were studied with anterograde and retrograde tracers. The frontal connections of dorsal area 6 are restricted to neighboring dorsal frontal regions. Only the caudal sector of dorsal area 6 is connected with the motor cortex. In contrast, ventral area 6 is not only connected with the prefrontal cortex, but also directly with the motor cortex, the parainsular gustatory area, and with somatosensory areas in the frontal operculum. The widespread connections of ventral area 6 may be related to the specialization of the head, neck, and face structures that are represented ventrally within the premotor cortex.
Protein extraction for two‐dimensional electrophoresis from olive leaf, a plant tissue containing high levels of interfering compounds (2003)

The purpose of this research is to establish a routine procedure for the application of proteomic analysis to olive tree. Olive leaf tissue is notoriously recalcitrant to common protein extraction methods due to high levels of interfering compounds. We developed a protocol for isolating proteins suitable for two-dimensional electrophoresis (2-DE) from olive leaf. The remarkable characteristics of the protocol include: (i) additional grinding dry acetone powder of leaf tissue to a finer extent, (ii) after extensive organic solvent washes to remove pigments, lipids etc., using aqueous tricholoroacetic acid washes to remove water-soluble contaminants, and (iii) phenol extraction of proteins in the presence of sodium dodecyl sulfate. The final protein preparation is free of interfering compounds based on its well-resolved 2-DE patterns. The protocol can be completed within 3 h, and protein yield is approximately 2.49 mg.g(-1) of aged leaf. We also evaluated the protocol by immunoblotting with anti-tyrosinate alpha-tubulin antibody. To our knowledge, this is the first time that a protocol for protein extraction from olive leaf appears to give satisfactory and reproducible results. The protocol is expected to be applicable to other recalcitrant plant tissues and could be of interest to laboratories involved in plant proteomics.
Protocol for Primary Mouse Hepatocyte Isolation (2020)

Primary hepatocytes are a vital tool in various biomedical research disciplines, serving as an <i>ex vivo</i> model for liver physiology. Obtaining high yields of viable primary mouse hepatocytes is technically challenging, limiting their use. Here, we present an improved protocol based on the classic two-step collagenase perfusion technique. The liver is washed by perfusion, hepatocytes are dissociated by collagenase, separated from other cells, and cultured. This protocol was optimized to significantly reduce procedure duration and improve hepatocyte yield and viability.