gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Mechanisms of anguilliform locomotion in fishes studied using simple three-dimensional physical models (2016)

Physical models enable researchers to systematically examine complex and dynamic mechanisms of underwater locomotion in ways that would be challenging with freely swimming animals. Previous research on undulatory locomotion, for example, has used rectangular flexible panels that are effectively two-dimensional as proxies for the propulsive surfaces of swimming fishes, but these bear little resemblance to the bodies of elongate eel-like swimming animals. In this paper we use a polyurethane rod (round cross-section) and bar (square cross-section) to represent the body of a swimming Pacific hagfish (Eptatretus stoutii). We actuated the rod and bar in both heave and pitch using a mechanical controller to generate a propulsive wave at frequencies between 0.5 and 2.5 Hz. We present data on (1) how kinematic swimming patterns change with driving frequency in these elongate fish-like models, (2) the thrust-generating capability of these simple models, (3) how forces and work done during propulsion compare between cross-sectional shapes, (4) the wake flow patterns in these swimming models using particle image velocimetry. We also contrast kinematic and hydrodynamic patterns produced by bar and rod models to comparable new experimental data on kinematics and wake flow patterns from freely swimming hagfish. Increasing the driving frequency of bar and rod models reduced trailing edge amplitude and wavelength, and above 2 Hz a nodal point appeared in the kinematic wave. Above 1 Hz, both the rod and bar generated net thrust, with the work per cycle reaching a minimum at 1.5 Hz, and the bar always requiring more work per cycle than the rod. Wake flow patterns generated by the swimming rod and bar included clearly visible lateral jets, but not the caudolaterally directed flows seen in the wakes from freely swimming hagfish.
Laboratory verification of on-line lithium analysis using ultraviolet absorption spectrometry (1992)

Several laboratory experiments were performed to evaluate the capability of absorption spectrometry in the ultraviolet-visible wavelength range with the objective of developing methods for on-line analysis of lithium directly in the primary coolant of Pressurized Water Reactors using optical probes. Although initial laboratory tests seemed to indicate that lithium could be detected using primary absorption (detection of natural spectra unassisted by reagents), subsequent field tests demonstrated that no primary absorption spectra existed for lithium in the ultraviolet-visible wavelength range. A second series of tests that were recently conducted did, however, confirm results reported in the literature to the effect that reagents were available that will react with lithium to form chelates that possess detectable absorption and fluorescent signatures. These results point to the possible use of secondary techniques for on-line analysis of lithium.
The Role of New Technologies in Defining a Manufacturing Process for PPARα Agonist LY518674 (2009)

The impact of several new technologies on the development of a manufacturing process for LY518674 is described. Extensive use of process analytical technology (PAT) throughout development, both at laboratory and pilot-plant scale, enabled data-rich experiments, shortened development cycle times, and obviated the requirement of PAT for process control at larger scale. In situ ReactIR was used to develop a kinetic model for a one-pot preparation of a semicarbazide intermediate. Parallel crystallizers fitted with online focused-beam reflectance measurement (FBRM) and particle vision and measurement (PVM) probes were used in the development of several challenging crystallization processes. Application of the process knowledge afforded by these technologies, combined with the principles of Quality by Design, resulted in excellent purity control throughout the four-step process. A single, 5-min, MS-friendly method capable of separating over 30 components was developed using a combination of chromatography modeling software, sub-2 μm column technology, and higher-pressure LC equipment. The method was used across all four processing steps, greatly facilitating impurity tracking, and reducing assay time and solvent use by 85% and 93%, respectively.
Autophagy, Inflammation, and Metabolism (AIM) Center of Biomedical Research Excellence: supporting the next generation of autophagy researchers and fostering international collaborations (2018)

Recently, NIH has funded a center for autophagy research named the Autophagy, Inflammation, and Metabolism (AIM) Center of Biomedical Research Excellence, located at the University of New Mexico Health Science Center (UNM HSC), with aspirations to promote autophagy research locally, nationally, and internationally. The center has 3 major missions: (i) to support junior faculty in their endeavors to develop investigations in this area and obtain independent funding; (ii) to develop and provide technological platforms to advance autophagy research with emphasis on cellular approaches for high quality reproducible research; and (iii) to foster international collaborations through the formation of an International Council of Affiliate Members and through hosting national and international workshops and symposia. Scientifically, the AIM center is focused on autophagy and its intersections with other processes, with emphasis on both fundamental discoveries and applied translational research.
Tetrahydrofuran Ring Opening with Acyloxyphosphonium Bromide Catalysed by Allylsamarium Bromide: A Novel and Effective Method for the Preparation of 4-Bromobutyl Esters (2002)

A tetrahydrofuran ring can be opened with acyloxyphosphonium bromide generated in situ catalysed by allylsamarium bromide to afford 4-bromobutyl esters under mild conditions in good to excellent yields.
Intermittent dosing with vemurafenib in BRAF V600E-mutant melanoma: review of a case series (2014)

The selective BRAF inhibitors, vemurafenib and dabrafenib, yield high response rates and improved overall survival in patients with BRAF V600E-mutant metastatic melanoma. Acquired drug resistance and drug toxicity are key challenges when using these drugs. We investigated whether vemurafenib toxicity could successfully be managed with intermittent dosing, and if its therapeutic efficacy could be maintained on intermittent dosing. Six patients with BRAF V600E-mutated metastatic melanoma were treated with an intermittent dosing regimen of vemurafenib. In three patients, toxicities were successfully managed with an intermittent dosing regimen. In the other three patients, intolerable toxicities continued on intermittent dosing. Our experience shows that intermittent dosing can successfully manage vemurafenib toxicities where continuous dosing at a reduced dose does not. Intermittent treatment improves drug tolerability and can achieve or maintain melanoma shrinkage. We recommend that in clinical practice, intermittent dosing should be considered as an alternative to dose reduction/termination in the management of vemurafenib toxicity.
Stabilization of a Turbulent Premixed Flame Using a Nanosecond Repetitively Pulsed Plasma (2006)

<para xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> A nanosecond repetitively pulsed plasma (NRPP) produced by electric pulses of 10 kV during 10 ns at a frequency of up to 30 kHz has been used to stabilize and improve the efficiency of a 25-kW lean turbulent premixed propane/air flame <formula formulatype="inline"><tex>$({\rm Re}_{D} = 30\,000)$</tex></formula> at atmospheric pressure. We show that, when placed in the recirculation zone of the flow, the plasma significantly increases the heat release and the combustion efficiency, thus allowing to stabilize the flame under lean conditions where it would not exist without plasma. Stabilization is obtained with a very low level of plasma power of about 75 W, or 0.3% of the maximum power of the flame. In addition, they find that at high flow rates, where the flame should normally blow out, the NRPP allows the existence of an intermittent V-shaped flame with significant heat release, and at even higher flow rates the existence of a small dome-shaped flame confined near the electrodes that can serve as a pilot flame to reignite the combustor. Optical emission spectroscopy measurements are presented to determine the temperature of the plasma-enhanced flame, the electron number density, and to identify the active species produced by the plasma, namely O, H, and OH. </para>
Microphase-Separated Structure (2004)

非相容な高分子成分から構成されるブロック共重合体が,その凝集状態で自発的に形成するミクロ相分離構造について,基礎的事項を中心として概説する。まず,研究の歴史的な発展を紹介し,現象論的な解釈よりもむしろ構造形成への分子論的な解釈の基礎を与える。後半は近年のモルホロジー研究の進展について述べ,その最前線にも触れる。
Fuzzy logic-based directional full-range tuning control of wireless power pickups (2012)

A fuzzy logic-integrated directional full-range tuning controller (DTC) for the output voltage regulation of a contactless parallel-tuned inductor–capacitor (LC) power pickup by switching the parallel tuning capacitor of the pickup circuit to make the equivalent tuning capacitance variable has been explained. Unlike the classical DTC that varies the equivalent tuning capacitance by a fixed step-size through trial and error approach, the proposed controller uses fuzzy-based reasoning to automatically select the tuning step-size for the DTC. The effectiveness of the proposed power pickup control method and its applicability to general wireless power transfer applications under variations in magnetic coupling, circuit tuning and the load has been verified by both simulation and experimental results. The controller can effectively reduce the output voltage chattering and steady-state error with faster response compared with the classical directional tuning controller.
Magic decorator (2015)

Assigning textures and materials within 3D scenes is a tedious and labor-intensive task. In this paper, we present Magic Decorator , a system that automatically generates material suggestions for 3D indoor scenes. To achieve this goal, we introduce local material rules , which describe typical material patterns for a small group of objects or parts, and global aesthetic rules , which account for the harmony among the entire set of colors in a specific scene. Both rules are obtained from collections of indoor scene images. We cast the problem of material suggestion as a combinatorial optimization considering both local material and global aesthetic rules. We have tested our system on various complex indoor scenes. A user study indicates that our system can automatically and efficiently produce a series of visually plausible material suggestions which are comparable to those produced by artists.
Flexible three-dimensional camera-based reconstruction and calibration of tracked instruments (2016)

Navigated instruments commonly include applied parts, e.g. burrs or saw blades, that need to be calibrated with respect to the attached or integrated tracker. Since this calibration has to be very precise, it is often performed by the manufacturer. However, due to the great variety of instruments and the option to exchange the applied parts (e.g. burrs) there is a definite demand for flexible and generic calibration techniques. Furthermore, if we look into the medical field, there is also a need for calibrating sterile instruments. We propose a new and flexible camera-based calibration technique that addresses these demands by working contactlessly, precisely, and generically for a large variety of tracked instruments. This is realized using one or more tracked cameras which are calibrated with respect to an attached or integrated tracker. The tracked instrument is rotated in front of the camera(s) and its 3D geometry and surface are reconstructed from the 2D images in the coordinate system of the attached or integrated tracker. The 3D geometry of the navigated instrument was reconstructed with an accuracy of under 0.2 mm. The radius of a sphere-shaped instrument was reconstructed with an RMS deviation of 0.015mm.
Protein–protein interactions among West Nile non-structural proteins and transmembrane complex formation in mammalian cells (2013)

To study the membrane orientation of flavivirus non-structural proteins (NSPs) in the replication complex, the seven major West Nile (WN) NSPs were separately expressed in monkey cells, and their subcellular localization was investigated by imaging-based techniques. First, we observed by confocal microscopy that four small transmembrane proteins (TP) (NS2A, NS2B, NS4A, and NS4B) were located to the endoplasmic reticulum (ER), whereas the largest NSPs, NS1, NS3, and NS5 were not. We then analyzed the colocalization and the association of WN NSPs using the methods of confocal microscopy, fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET), and biologic fluorescence complementation (BiFC). Through these combined imaging techniques, protein-protein interactions (PPI) among WNNSPs were detected. Our data demonstrate that there are interactions between NS2A and NS4A, and interactions of NS2B with three other TPs (NS2A, NS4A, and NS4B) as well as the expected interaction with NS3. PPI between NS2A and NS4B or between NS4A and NS4B were not detected. By the criteria of these techniques, NS5 interacted only with NS3, and NS1 was not shown to be in close proximity with other NSPs. In addition, homo-oligomerization of some NSPs was observed and three-way interactions between NS2A, NS4A, and NA4B with NS2B-NS3 were also observed, respectively. Our results suggest that the four TPs are required for formation of transmembrane complex. NS2B protein seems to play a key role in bringing the TPs together on the ER membrane and in bridging the TPs with non-membrane-associated proteins (NS3 and NS5).
Endpoints in pulmonary arterial hypertension: the role of clinical worsening (2010)

As the field of PAH develops and progresses, time to clinical worsening may be the best way currently of distinguishing between the increasing number of treatment options available. A clear definition must, therefore, be established, with adjudication by an expert panel; the needs of clinicians, patients, and regulators should be balanced when selecting the most appropriate endpoints.
Effect of Demineralized Bone Matrix on Bone Growth within a Porous HA Material: A Histologic and Histometric Study (1995)

Coralline hydroxyapatite (cHA) is an osteoconductive material currently being used as a bone graft substitute. Created by the hydrothermal conversion of the calcium carbonate skeleton of coral to hydroxyapatite, this material has a porous structure similar to cancellous bone. Addition of demineralized bone matrix (DBM) would conceivably create a composite with both osteoconductive and osteoinductive properties. This pilot study evaluated the healing of rabbit cranial defects that had been filled with cHA or cHA augmented with a DBM gel formed by adding glycerol to the DBM particulate. Data from these were then compared to unfilled defects from a previous study. Results indicated enhancement of new bone formation and an increase in the rate of healing in the defects filled with the cHA-DBM gel composite. Further studies are warranted.
Unsupervised Learning of Visual Features by Contrasting Cluster Assignments (2020)

Unsupervised image representations have significantly reduced the gap with supervised pretraining, notably with the recent achievements of contrastive learning methods. These contrastive methods typically work online and rely on a large number of explicit pairwise feature comparisons, which is computationally challenging. In this paper, we propose an online algorithm, SwAV, that takes advantage of contrastive methods without requiring to compute pairwise comparisons. Specifically, our method simultaneously clusters the data while enforcing consistency between cluster assignments produced for different augmentations (or views) of the same image, instead of comparing features directly as in contrastive learning. Simply put, we use a swapped prediction mechanism where we predict the cluster assignment of a view from the representation of another view. Our method can be trained with large and small batches and can scale to unlimited amounts of data. Compared to previous contrastive methods, our method is more memory efficient since it does not require a large memory bank or a special momentum network. In addition, we also propose a new data augmentation strategy, multi-crop, that uses a mix of views with different resolutions in place of two full-resolution views, without increasing the memory or compute requirements much. We validate our findings by achieving 75.3% top-1 accuracy on ImageNet with ResNet-50, as well as surpassing supervised pretraining on all the considered transfer tasks.
Reactive magnetron sputtering of molybdenum sulfide thin films: <i>In situ</i> synchrotron x-ray diffraction and transmission electron microscopy study (2004)

The nucleation and growth of magnetron sputtered MoSx films has been investigated by in situ energy dispersive x-ray diffraction, electron microscopy, and elastic recoil detection analysis. The MoSx films (0.5⩽x⩽2) were prepared by reactive magnetron sputtering from a molybdenum target in an argon–hydrogen sulfide mixture at substrate temperatures up to 700 °C. Using time-resolved in situ x-ray diffraction it was found that the films start to grow with (001) orientation where the van der Waals planes are parallel to the substrate surface. Depending on the deposition conditions a crossover of texture to the (100) orientation occurs, which leads to very rough surfaces. This texture crossover occurs earlier at low substrate temperatures and/or high deposition rates and/or high energetic particle bombardment of the growing films. The MoSx films exhibit significant lattice strain (up to 4%) in the c direction, i.e., perpendicular to the van der Waals planes, which decreases at high substrate temperatures and/or low deposition rates. This lattice expansion is not caused by film stress. Instead, it seems to be connected with disturbed or turbostratic growth due to crystallographic defects induced by energetic bombardment of the films. Also, intercalation of hydrogen could be responsible for lattice expansion, since significant amounts of hydrogen were detected by elastic recoil detection analysis. The sulfur deficiency (up to 20%) found in films that were deposited at temperatures higher than 200 °C could have been initiated by the reducing effect of the atomic hydrogen in our Ar/H2S plasma.
An economic feasibility study for a broadband virtual path SONET/ATM self-healing ring architecture (1992)

A ring architecture that uses the asynchronous transfer mode (ATM) virtual path (VP) concept to reduce the SONET ring cost in terms of bandwidth management is discussed. The add-drop multiplexer (ADM) proposed for VP ring architectures can evolve from existing SONET ADMs by replacing the STS-3 termination cards by the ATM STS-3c line cards. Existing standard self-healing schemes and protocol SONET rings can be applied to proposed ATM/SONET VP rings. A case study based on a BCC (Bellcore client company) ring network and the sensitivity analysis suggests that the proposed ATM VP ring architecture may be a cost-effective option for implementing the distributed ring grooming system at the DS 1 level. The proposed VP self-healing rings are not only used to carry existing DS 1 and DS 3 service, but can also be used to more cost-effectively consolidate switches for public-switched services and for SMDS, frame relay, and FDDI in metropolitan areas.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Connectome spectral analysis to track EEG task dynamics on a subsecond scale (2020)

Abstract We present an approach for tracking fast spatiotemporal cortical dynamics in which we combine white matter connectivity data with source-projected electroencephalographic (EEG) data. We employ the mathematical framework of graph signal processing in order to derive the Fourier modes of the brain structural connectivity graph, or “network harmonics”. These network harmonics are naturally ordered by smoothness. Smoothness in this context can be understood as the amount of variation along the cortex, leading to a multi-scale representation of brain connectivity. We demonstrate that network harmonics provide a sparse representation of the EEG signal, where, at certain times, the smoothest 15 network harmonics capture 90% of the signal power. This suggests that network harmonics are functionally meaningful, which we demonstrate by using them as a basis for the functional EEG data recorded from a face detection task. There, only 13 network harmonics are sufficient to track the large-scale cortical activity during the processing of the stimuli with a 50 ms resolution, reproducing well-known activity in the fusiform face area as well as revealing co-activation patterns in somatosensory/motor and frontal cortices that an unconstrained ROI-by-ROI analysis fails to capture. The proposed approach is simple and fast, provides a means of integration of multimodal datasets, and is tied to a theoretical framework in mathematics and physics. Thus, network harmonics point towards promising research directions both theoretically - for example in exploring the relationship between structure and function in the brain - and practically - for example for network tracking in different tasks and groups of individuals, such as patients.
Indole is an intermediate in the biosynthesis of cyclic hydroxamic acids in maize (1996)

Mass spectrometry, deuterium NMR and TLC radioactivity analysis of 2,4-dihydroxy-7-methoxy-2H-1,4-benzoxazin-3(4H)-one (DIMBOA) 8, recovered from maize shoots grown in the presence of indole-[2H6] and 2-[14C]indole show that indole is a precursor of DIMBOA.
Stachybotrin C and Parvisporin, Novel Neuritogenic Compounds. I. Taxonomy, Isolation, Physico-chemical and Biological Properties. (1997)

Stachybotrin C and parvisporin, novel neuritogenic compounds, were isolated from the culture broth of Stachybotrys parvispora F4708. Stachybotrin C induced significant neurite outgrowth in PC12 cells and showed cell survival activity in the primary culture of cerebral cortical neurons. Parvisporin demonstrated only weak neuritogenic activity.
Millimeter-wave AlGaAs/InGaAs/GaAs quantum well power MISFET (2003)

State-of-the-art millimeter-wave power transistors using quantum-well MISFET structures have been developed. Single- and double-quantum-well devices have been built, with maximum currents of 700 mA/mm for the single-well and 900 mA/mm for the double-well devices. The single-well devices delivered a power density of 0.76 W/mm with 3.6-dB gain and 19% efficiency at 60 GHz. The double well MISFETs had a power density of 0.96 W/mm with 3-dB gain and 24% power-added efficiency at 55 GHz. The highest power-added efficiency was 31% with 0.68 W/mm power density and 4-dB gain. The power performance of the double-well device was better than that of the single-well device.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>