gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
The L-Z complexity of exercise-induced muscle fatigue based on acoustic myographye (2014)

The mechanism of exercise fatigue was investigated during exercise using L-Z complexity of non-linear analysis. Muscle fatigue was induced in the sitting position by lifting the heel under a load. An acoustic myogram of the gastrocnemius was obtained until exhaustion. The different modes of the speed responses were calculated using the L-Z complexity method, which analyzes muscle fibers participation, while the exercise is in progress. The L-Z complexity decreased incrementally with decreases in muscle strength, reaching a minimum value when the muscle was exhausted. Our data indicate that the L-Z complexity method is easy to use and effective at revealing the dynamic characteristics and variations of exercise fatigue. This method could be used to monitor sports training.
Tunable, colorimetric DNA-based pH sensors mediated by A-motif formation (2012)

A colorimetric pH sensor has been developed based on GNP aggregation mediated by A-motif formation under acidic conditions. The pH response of the sensor can be tuned in the range of pH 2-5.5 by changing the length and the sequence of the A-motif forming poly dA tracts.
Time-Contrastive Networks: Self-Supervised Learning from Multi-view Observation (2017)

We propose a self-supervised approach for learning representations of relationships between humans and their environment, including object interactions, attributes, and body pose, entirely from unlabeled videos recorded from multiple viewpoints (Fig. 2). We train an embedding with a triplet loss that contrasts a pair of simultaneous frames from different viewpoints with temporally adjacent and visually similar frames (Fig. 1). We call this model Time- Contrastive Networks (TCN). The contrastive signal encourages the model to discover meaningful dimensions and attributes that can explain the changing state of objects and the world from visually similar frames while learning invariance to viewpoint, occlusions, motion blur, lighting, background. The experimental evaluation of our multiviewpoint embedding technique examines its application to reasoning about object interactions, as well as human pose imitation with a real robot. We demonstrate that our model can correctly identify corresponding steps in complex object interactions, such as pouring (Table 1), between different videos and with different instances. We also show what is, to the best of our knowledge, the first self-supervised results for end-to-end imitation learning of human motions with a real robot (Table 2). Results are best visualized in videos available at <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">1</sup> and the full paper is available at <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> .
Approximate arithmetic coding for bus transition reduction in low power designs (2005)

We present a method for reducing the power consumption of compressed-code systems by selectively inverting bits that are transmitted on the bus. By incorporating bus inversion into code compression/decompression, we reduce power consumption with no cost in hardware or power relative to code compression without inversion. Inverting has to be done carefully to ensure that the codes can still be decoded. As an additional challenge, compression will generally increase bit-toggling as it removes redundancies from the code transmitted. Therefore, we need to find the right balance between compression ratio and bit-toggling reduction. This paper presents a suitable algorithm that will combine approximate compression techniques with bit-toggling reduction and will explore the various tradeoffs. We take advantage of the approximations introduced to modify codes and reduce bit-toggling, while maintaining compression performance and decoding speed. An interesting result that is derived from our work is that high compression ratios do not necessarily result in the lowest power consumption. By using our method, bus-related power consumption has been reduced by as much as 35% compared to a system with no compression, and as much as 14% compared to a compressed-code system. Bit-toggling reduction does not impose any additional hardware costs other than the decompression engine. We also present a detailed analysis on how bus widths affect bit-toggling when transmitting compressed code, and we show experimental results on ARM, MIPS, and SPARC code. We finally compare our work with Bus Invert and show results that are superior except for the random data case where Bus Invert performs better.
Boron nitride nanotubes: Pronounced resistance to oxidation (2004)

Boron nitride (BN) nanotubes have the same nanostructure as carbon nanotubes but are found to exhibit significant resistance to oxidation at high temperatures. Our systematic study has revealed that BN nanotubes are stable at 700 °C in air and that some thin nanotubes (diameter less than 20 nm) with perfect multiwalled cylindrical structure can survive up to 900 °C. Thermogravimetric analysis reveals an onset temperature for oxidation of BN nanotubes of 800 °C compared with only 400 °C for carbon nanotubes under the same conditions. This more pronounced resistance of BN nanotubes to oxidation is inherited from the hexagonal BN and also depends on the nanocrystalline structure. This high level of resistance to oxidation allows promising BN nanotube applications at high temperatures.
Base technologies for vehicular networking applications: review and case studies (2007)

In this paper, we review the state of the art of two key hardware technologies that support vehicular applications: on-board embedded systems and wireless sensor networks (WSN). We focus on pre-competitive or state-of-the-art hardware, and illustrate its use with two case studies: on-line navigation assistance and data collection in a mobile WSN. In the first case (based on a joint collaboration within project FUNCMOV PGIDIT05TIC00501CT, Xunta de Galicia, Spain), we describe our development experience with automotive embedded systems. In the second case, we analyze the feasibility of wake-up schema to gather data from highly dispersed sensor nodes. The goal of the paper is to offer a perspective on the current possibilities of these hardware systems.
Modeling and Optimizing a Chiller System Using a Machine Learning Algorithm (2019)

This study was conducted to develop an energy consumption model of a chiller in a heating, ventilation, and air conditioning system using a machine learning algorithm based on artificial neural networks. The proposed chiller energy consumption model was evaluated for accuracy in terms of input layers that include the number of input variables, amount (proportion) of training data, and number of neurons. A standardized reference building was also modeled to generate operational data for the chiller system during extended cooling periods (warm weather months). The prediction accuracy of the chiller’s energy consumption was improved by increasing the number of input variables and adjusting the proportion of training data. By contrast, the effect of the number of neurons on the prediction accuracy was insignificant. The developed chiller model was able to predict energy consumption with 99.07% accuracy based on eight input variables, 60% training data, and 12 neurons.
Plasmid-mediated TEM-3 extended-spectrum beta-lactamase production in Salmonella typhimurium in Casablanca (2002)

Isolates of extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL)-producing Salmonella typhimurium were recovered from children admitted to the IbnRochd University Hospital of Casablanca in 1994. These isolates produced TEM-3 as shown by PCR, isoelectric focusing and sequencing. Production of TEM-3 and resistance to gentamicin were encoded by a 10 kb plasmid that could be transferred by conjugation and transformation. This report extends the list of ESBLs produced by S. typhimurium and stresses the need for continuous surveillance of non-typhoidal Salmonella to adapt antibiotic treatment and preventive measures.
Spectroscopic ellipsometry and reflectometry: a user's perspective (2002)

We discuss how analytical tools in a characterization lab can be used to enhance metrology tools in a fab. The emphasis is on the interaction between a characterization lab and a wafer fab belonging to the same industrial company. Specifically this work will deal with ex situ analysis rather than in situ metrology. A metrology tool in a fab must be clean, fast, simple to operate, and must be able to measure small features. A classical example is a reflectometry tool. On the other hand, a tool in a characterization lab can handle a much more complex sample, can take a significantly longer time for the analysis, and often has the luxury of using a blanket wafer. The analyst is also available for consulting with regard to optimum samples configuration in order to generate the information required. Our emphasis will be on using spectroscopic ellipsometry in a characterization lab to develop optical constants of unusual material so that this information can be used in a reflectometry tool in the fab.
Topoisomerase I-related parameters and camptothecin activity in the colon carcinoma cell lines from the National Cancer Institute anticancer screen. (1995)

Camptothecin (CPT) derivatives are a new family of anticancer agents which are selective inhibitors of DNA topoisomerase I (top1) and have entered clinical trials with promising results. The cellular determinants for CPT activity were studied in the seven cell lines of the National Cancer Institute anticancer screen. These cell lines exhibit natural differences in sensitivity to CPT and can be divided into three groups, according to their increasing resistance: colo205, SW620, HCT116 < HT29, HCC2998 < HCT15, and KM12. The differential sensitivity range was approximately 17-fold between KM12 and colo205 cells. CPT uptake varied only by less than a factor of three among the cell lines. Top1 mRNA, measured by Northern blotting analysis, and top1 protein levels, measured by Western blotting, varied by 2-fold or less among the cell lines and were correlated neither with the CPT cytotoxicity nor the levels of cleavable complexes measured by alkaline elution in the various cell lines. An overall log-linear correlation was observed between CPT-induced top1-cleavable complexes and growth inhibition, indicating the importance of cleavable complex formation rather than top1 levels for cell killing in this panel of cell lines. Also, some cell lines displayed marked growth inhibition differences with minimal differences in cleavable complexes and S-phase fraction, suggesting that parameters downstream from the cleavable complexes are also critical for CPT cytotoxicity.
REMOTE SENSING ENHANCED MOTOR VEHICLE EMISSIONS CONTROL FOR POLLUTION REDUCTION IN THE CHICAGO METROPOLITAN AREA: SITING AND ISSUES ANALYSIS (1991)

The report describes three specific scenarios for implementation of remote sensing to enhance inspection and maintenance programs for controlling motor vehicle emissions. Screening at centralized stations, mobile sensors, and modular fixed sensors describe the range of potential applications of a Fuel Efficiency Automobile Test (FEAT) remote sensor to motor vehicle emissions control. A combination of two or all three scenarios would be most effective in identifying high mileage gross polluting vehicles. The preliminary implementation framework of each scenario is described for the purpose of the work is to contribute to the development of acceptable plans for the further reduction of emissions from vehicles in the Chicago metropolitan area. Remote sensing of vehicle emissions to identify the small percentage of vehicles responsible for most of the motor vehicle pollution can contrribute to an efficient and effective air pollution control strategy that can be implemented.
Lightning Currents on Fastening Assemblies of an Aircraft Fuel Tank—Part III: Validation of the Current Assessment Method With Measurement (2020)

This article proposes a new fastener model and validate the stochastic process for the lightning current assessment in the aircraft assemblies proposed in the previous parts. In particular, the stochastic method concerns the finite-difference time domain (FDTD) fastener modeling for which the variability of the contact resistance has to be taken into account. The principle is to merge an electromagnetic fastener model with an uncertainty model. The new fastener model proposed in this article is a wire with a lumped resistor on a low conductive plate. This model is an improvement of the model of Part I, where the fastener is only represented by a wire with a lumped resistor. The proposed model in this article is able to ensure a good shielding effectiveness without current distribution disruptions provided that the conductivity of the plate is weak in contrast to the lumped resistor. Moreover, it has the benefits to be able to represent any fastener without location constraint in the FDTD grid. A log-normal distribution has been previously established as uncertainty model that represents the variability of the resistive parameter. The fastener model is included in the FDTD modeling of a realistic fuel tank with each lumped resistor taking a probabilistic value according to the log-normal law. To take into account, the variability of resistors, several simulations with different sets of resistance values are performed. The aim is to surround current measurements with simulated currents at various locations of the fuel tank for a lightning injection performed directly on a fuel tank fastener. This article demonstrates that a specific attention must be given to the modeling of fasteners close to the lightning injection point for the current assessment. Moreover, the results highlight the relevance of the use of an uncertainty model and its reliability for the lightning current assessment.
The Prospective Randomized, Controlled Trial of Endoscopic Ultrasound-Guided Fine-Needle Aspiration Using 22G and 19G Aspiration Needles for Solid Pancreatic or Peripancreatic Masses (2010)

EUS-FNA with a 19-gauge aspiration needle may be a valuable method for the diagnosis of pancreatic/peripancreatic masses when an on-site cytopathologist is not available.
Enhanced Nerve Regeneration by Minimizing Intraneural Scarring using a Semi-Permeable Nano-Construct Nerve Wrap (2014)

Sarhane, Karim A. MD, MSc; Ibrahim, Zuhaib MD; Martin, Russell; Krick, Kellin BS; Cashman, Chris BA; Tuffaha, Sami H. MD; Mi, Ruifa MD, PhD; Lee, Andrew W.P. MD; Mao, Hai-Quan PhD; Brandacher, Gerald MD Author Information
Roles of <i>rapH</i> and <i>rapG</i> in Positive Regulation of Rapamycin Biosynthesis in <i>Streptomyces hygroscopicus</i> (2007)

Rapamycin is an important macrocyclic polyketide produced by Streptomyces hygroscopicus and showing immunosuppressive, antifungal, and antitumor activities as well as displaying anti-inflammatory and neuroregenerative properties. The immense pharmacological potential of rapamycin has led to the production of an array of analogues, including through genetic engineering of the rapamycin biosynthetic gene cluster. This cluster contains several putative regulatory genes. Based on DNA sequence analysis, the products of genes rapH and rapG showed high similarities with two different families of transcriptional activators, LAL and AraC, respectively. Overexpression of either gene resulted in a substantial increase in rapamycin biosynthesis, confirming their positive regulatory role, while deletion of both from the chromosome of S. hygroscopicus resulted in a complete loss of antibiotic production. Complementation studies indicated an essential role of the RapG regulator for rapamycin biosynthesis and a supportive role of RapH. A direct effect of rapH and rapG gene products on the promoter of the rapamycin polyketide synthase operon, rapA-rapB, was observed using the chalcone synthase gene rppA as a reporter system.
Enrichment and Vacuum-Sinterincg Activity of Colloidal Carbon Submicro-Spheres (2009)

This chapter contains sections titled: Abstract Introduction Experimental Section Results and Discussions Conclusions Acknowledgments References
India Shaping Up as a Micro-economic 'Miracle' (2011)

By changing the lives of the poorest in India, it is possible to change society, the economy and harness the population dividend.
Canonical Wnt Signaling Is Required for Pancreatic Carcinogenesis (2013)

Wnt ligand expression and activation of the Wnt/β-catenin pathway have been associated with pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma, but whether Wnt activity is required for the development of pancreatic cancer has remained unclear. Here, we report the results of three different approaches to inhibit the Wnt/β-catenin pathway in a established transgenic mouse model of pancreatic cancer. First, we found that β-catenin null cells were incapable of undergoing acinar to ductal metaplasia, a process associated with development of premalignant pancreatic intraepithelial neoplasia lesions. Second, we addressed the specific role of ligand-mediated Wnt signaling through inducible expression of Dkk1, an endogenous secreted inhibitor of the canonical Wnt pathway. Finally, we targeted the Wnt pathway with OMP-18R5, a therapeutic antibody that interacts with multiple Frizzled receptors. Together, these approaches showed that ligand-mediated activation of the Wnt/β-catenin pathway is required to initiate pancreatic cancer. Moreover, they establish that Wnt signaling is also critical for progression of pancreatic cancer, a finding with potential therapeutic implications.
A Decision Aid for COPD patients considering inhaled steroid therapy: development and before and after pilot testing (2007)

We have developed a computer-based interactive DA for COPD patients considering inhaled steroids serving as a model for other DAs in COPD, in particular related to inhaled therapies. Future research should assess the DA effectiveness.
Critical Data for Critical Needs (1981)

Various types of scientific and technical data are required for the solution of key societal problems such as energy supply, environmental quality, and industrial productivity. Ensuring the quality of these data bases is essential. Modern computer and telecommunications technology offers opportunities for major improvements in the dissemination of data, but data management must be given a higher priority by the scientific community, industry, and government.
Effect of air pollution on daily mortality in Hong Kong. (2001)

In different weather conditions, constituents and concentrations of pollutants, personal exposure, and biologic responses to air pollution may vary. In this study we assessed the effects of four air pollutants on mortality in both cool and warm seasons in Hong Kong, a subtropical city. Daily counts of mortality, due to all nonaccidental causes, and cardiovascular and respiratory diseases were modeled with daily pollutant concentrations [24-hr means for nitrogen dioxide, sulfur dioxide, and particulate matter < 10 microm in aerodynamic diameter (PM(10)); 8-hr mean for ozone]. using Poisson regression. We controlled for confounding factors by fitting the terms in models, in line with those recommended by the APHEA (Air Pollution and Health: a European Approach) protocol. Exposure-response relationships in warm and cool seasons were examined using generalized additive modeling. During the cool season, for a linear extrapolation of 10th-90th percentiles in the pollutant concentrations of all oxidant pollutants, NO(2), SO(2), and O(3), we found significant effects on all the mortality outcomes under study, with relative risks (RR) of 1.04-1.10 (p < 0.038, except p = 0.079 for SO(2) on respiratory mortality). We observed consistent positive exposure-response relationships during the cool season but not during the warm season. The effects of PM(10) were marginally significant (RR = 1.06; p = 0.054) for respiratory mortality but not for the other outcomes (p > 0.135). In this subtropical city, local air quality objectives should take into account that air pollution has stronger health effects during the cool rather than warm season and that oxidant pollutants are more important indicators of health effects than particulates.
Neurohormone melatonin prevents cell damage: effect on gene expression for antioxidant enzymes (1996)

It is well known that porphyrins cause a toxic light-mediated effect due to their capability to generate free radicals. Several reports have proved that melatonin is a potent free radical scavenger. The aim of this work has been to study the ability of melatonin to prevent the cell damage caused by porphyrins in the Harderian gland of female Syrian hamsters. Cell injury was evaluated estimating the percentage of damaged cells found in the gland and analyzing the degree of this damage at ultrastructural level. To explain the mechanism by which this hormone could prevent the cell damage caused by porphyrins, its capability to both decrease porphyrin synthesis and increase the mRNA levels for antioxidant enzymes was evaluated. Our results demonstrate that melatonin administration decreases the percentage of damaged cells, porphyrin synthesis, and aminolevulinate synthase (ALA-S) mRNA levels and increases the mRNA levels for manganese superoxide-dismutase and copper-zinc superoxide dismutase. When observed under an electron microscope, the lesions in the clear cells of the treated females were much less severe than in the corresponding cells of the control animals. Melatonin exerts a cytoprotective effect by inhibiting the ALA-S gene expression (and so porphyrin synthesis) and by raising the mRNA levels for several antioxidant enzymes.
Teaching Evolution of Open-Source Projects in Software Engineering Courses (2006)

In the traditional software engineering courses, the students develop small programs from scratch. This does not correspond to industry practice where programmers spend most of their time evolving medium to large systems. In order to narrow this gap, we developed a course where students practice software evolution through the implementation of change requests on medium-sized open-source software systems. The results of the course show that this type of software engineering course gives students a more realistic experience than traditional software engineering courses. In the survey at the end of the course, the students expressed a higher level of satisfaction with both rating the course and assessing how much they learned. Additionally, the resources required by such a course are not excessive
Router Jigs & Techniques (1988)

Hundreds of before-you-buy tips and how-to-use techniques for dozens of jigs, bits, aids, and devices, with 800 photos and draftsman drawings. Includes dozens ofjig inventions. Bonus: plans for the ultimate router table. The latest in router usage and technology...neatly illustrated.-- Booklist . The best...a gold-mine.-- Popular Woodworking . 383 pages, 800 b/w illus., 8 x 10.
Stem cell research and cell transplantation for myocardial regeneration☆ (2005)

Several human organs are not capable of functional regeneration following a tissue defect and react with scar formation. In stem cell transplantation, undifferentiated or partly differentiated precursor cells are applied to defective tissue for therapeutic regeneration. After promising preclinical investigations, the transplantation of autologous stem cells for myocardial infarction treatment is being transferred to clinical use. Mesenchymal stem cells and endothelial precursor cells derived from the bone marrow or circulating blood as well as skeletal myoblasts are employed in clinical trials. Furthermore, indications for cell transplantation and delivery routes vary considerably throughout current investigations. Initial results suggest a potential for restoration of cardiac function in stem cell-treated patients; however, the mechanisms are not fully understood. This overview will focus on objectives, recent achievements, and future perspectives of diverse stem cell transplantation approaches.