gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Detection of t(11;18)(q21;q21) by interphase fluorescence in situ hybridization using API2 and MLTspecific probes (2000)

The translocation of chromosome 11, long arm, region 2, band 1, to chromosome 18, long arm, region 2, band 1 (t(11;18)(q21;q21)) represents a recurrent chromosomal abnormality in extranodal marginal zone B-cell lymphoma (MZBCL) of mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT) type and leads to a fusion of the apoptosis inhibitor-2 (API2) gene on chromosome 11 and the MALT lymphoma-associated translocation (MLT) gene on chromosome 18. A 2-color fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) assay, which can be used for the detection of t(11;18) in interphase nuclei and metaphase chromosomes on fresh and archival tumor tissue, was developed. The P1 artificial chromosome (PAC) clone located immediately telomeric to the MLT gene and the PAC clone spanning the API2 gene were differentially labeled and used to visualize the derivative chromosome 11 resulting from t(11;18), as evident by the overlapping or juxtaposed red and green fluorescent signals. The assay was applied to interphase nuclei of 20 cases with nonmalignant conditions and 122 B-cell non-Hodgkin's lymphomas (NHLs). The latter group comprised 20 cases of nodal follicle center cell lymphoma and diffuse large B-cell NHL, 10 cases of gastric diffuse large B-cell lymphoma, 10 cases of hairy cell leukemia, and 82 cases of MZBCL (41 extranodal from various locations, 19 nodal, and 22 splenic MZBCL) including 35 cases with an abnormal karyotype, 2 of which revealed t(11;18). By interphase FISH, t(11;18) was detected in 8 gastrointestinal low-grade MALT-type lymphomas including the 2 cytogenetically t(11;18)+ cases. In the 8 t(11;18)+ cases, the FISH results were confirmed by reverse transcriptase–polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) usingAPI2 and MLT specific primers. Our results indicate that t(11;18)(q21;q21) specifically characterizes a subgroup of low-grade MZBCL of the MALT-type and that the FISH assay described here is a highly specific and rapid test for the detection of this translocation.
Growth of AlGaN nanowires by metalorganic chemical vapor deposition (2005)

Growth of ternary AlGaN nanowires using metalorganic chemical vapor deposition is investigated. Structural, chemical, and optical characterization at nanoscopic scale is carried out by high resolution transmission electron microscopy, x-ray energy dispersive spectroscopy, and spatially resolved cathodoluminescence. Spontaneous formation of Al(Ga)N∕GaN coaxial nanowires with distinct emission at 370 nm is observed. It is identified that the interplay between surface kinetics and thermodynamics facilitates the catalytic growth of GaN core while a limited surface diffusion of Al adatoms leads to nonselective, vapor-solid growth of Al(Ga)N sheath. The observation points to a fundamental difference in nanosynthesis using near-equilibrium and nonequilibrium techniques.
Cryo-controlled Nucleation Method for High-efficiency Perovskite Solar Cells (2018)

A novel cryo-controlled nucleation technique is applied to synthesize organometal halide perovskite for solar cells (PSCs). A rapid reduction in the temperature causes a supersaturation condition in the precursor layer, prepared by solution technique, leading to a uniform nucleation sites for the subsequent crystallization phase. The low temperature condition inhibits the pre-mature crystallization of perovskites in the early stage before a uniform seed layer is formed and, thereby, decoupling the nucleation and crystallization phases. This approach allows the formation of a highly uniform nucleation layer and is crucial for the growth of perovskite films with excellent film quality. A power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 21.4 % for the champion PSC was achieved by using this perovskite growth method.
Polarized superfluorescent fiber source (1997)

We report the demonstration of a polarized superfluorescent fiber source (SFS) that increases the power output in the desired linearly polarized component by a factor of 1.76 over that of a standard, unpolarized SFS that uses the same pump power. This increase in efficiency is accomplished by insertion of a low-loss polarizer at an optimum point in the erbium-doped fiber of a standard SFS.
Accelerated Weatherability of the Low‐Density Polyethylene Nanocomposites with Silica, Clay, and Zinc Oxide (2014)

Nanocomposites based on low‐density polyethylene (LDPE) with MMT clay, nanosilica, and nanoscale zinc oxide (at 5 wt.%) were prepared by melt processing and evaluated for durability using laboratory accelerated weathering. The changes in tensile properties of the nanocomposites with the duration of exposure were compared to data from natural weathering outdoors. The enhancement of degradation rates of the LDPE matrix by the presence of nanofillers in accelerated weathering is reported.
Prediction of sound inside an automobile due to wind noise (1996)

A mathematical model and computer program has been developed to predict the sound inside an automotive passenger compartment due to wind noise. Using steady-state information on pressure distributions along the glass surfaces, the program computes the impact of vortices on the vibrational characteristics of the glass and the radiated sound from it. It also accounts for the sound radiated through the door seals and combines them for a composite sound-pressure level (SPL) estimate at the driver’s ear location. This SPL spectrum is computed at the 1/3-oct frequencies from 25 Hz to 10 kHz. The program also computes the overall SPL, loudness, and % speech intelligibility. Using optimization techniques, the model allows for a desired SPL spectrum to be specified along with a set of design variables. It then automatically computes the values needed by these variables to come as close as possible to the desired spectrum. The model has been validated over a wide range of cars and trucks. Typical accuracy is ± 3 dB within the frequency range, ± 1 dB for the overall SPL. Examples will be shown demonstrating this accuracy and illustrating how this system can help design quieter road vehicles.
Nanoporous, Bicontinuous Cubic Lyotropic Liquid Crystal Networks via Polymerizable Gemini Ammonium Surfactants (2010)

New polymerizable gemini ammonium surfactants can be cross-linked in a type I bicontinuous cubic lyotropic liquid crystal phase with water to afford nanoporous polymer membranes with sub-1 nm 3D pores for water nanofiltration applications.
Dynamic Management of Real-Time Location Data on GPS-Enabled Mobile Phones (2008)

Advanced location based services have the ability to track users with Global Positioning System (GPS)-enabled cell phones in real-time. These applications share a common problem; the continuous calculation and transmission of GPS fixes from the mobile phone to a server consumes a considerable amount of energy and increases data transmission costs. Therefore, an application-level algorithm is necessary to reduce the number of GPS fixes calculated and transmitted, while continuing to track the user in real-time and record an accurate representation of his or her travel path. In this paper, two complementary algorithms are presented: the critical point (CP) algorithm, which filters data points to be transmitted to the server, and the location-aware state machine, which dynamically manages the frequency of the location re-calculation update rate. Both algorithms were implemented in TRAC-IT, a Java Micro Edition (Java ME) application designed to automatically collect user travel behavior; the proposed algorithms allow TRAC-IT to build an accurate representation of the user's path with a considerably reduced number of fixes while significantly extending mobile device battery life.
Time Reversal Synthetic Aperture Radar Imaging In Multipath (2007)

Conventional spotlight synthetic aperture radar (SAR) assumes a single reflection of transmitted waveforms from targets [1]. Multiple reflections of targets due to surrounding scatterers appear as ghosting artifacts in conventional SAR images, which obscures true target image and leads to poor resolution. In this paper, we develop image formation techniques using time reversal, time reversal SAR (TR-SAR), to remove ghosting artifacts and achieve high resolution. The TR-SAR algorithm is tested using phase history data collected by a rail-mounted SAR sensor operated by Raytheon.
Observation of terahertz plasmon and plasmon-polariton splitting in a grating-coupled AlGaN/GaN heterostructure (2018)

Plasmon in two-dimensional electron gas (2DEG) has long been considered as a promising active medium for terahertz emitters and detectors. However, the efficiency of terahertz plasmonic devices is severely limited by the high damping rate of plasma wave in solid state. In addition to the enhancement of plasmon lifetime by using 2DEGs with higher carrier mobility, engineering on the boundary condition and electromagnetic environment of plasmon cavity helps to preserve the plasmon states. Here we report on terahertz reflection spectroscopy of plasmon states in a grating-coupled AlGaN/GaN-2DEG plasmonic device at 7 K in equilibrium with ambient blackbody irradiation. Localized plasmon states and plasmon-polariton states were observed when the core plasmonic device is integrated with a silicon lens and when it is embedded in a terahertz Fabry-Pérot cavity, respectively. Simulation results including the reflection spectra and total reflection power agree well with the measured results. The Rabi splitting is found to be inversely proportional to the resonance frequency, and follows a linear relation with the square root of the sheet electron density. A normalized coupling ratio, <i>Ω</i><sub>R</sub><i>ω</i><sub>0</sub>≈0.13, is achieved between the Rabi splitting Ω<sub>R</sub> and the resonance frequency ω<sub>0</sub>. The coupling ratio could be further increased to allow for ultrastrong coupling between terahertz photons and plasmons.
Combining the Influence of Two Low O<sub>2</sub> Affinity-Inducing Chemical Modifications of the Central Cavity of Hemoglobin (2007)

HexaPEGylated hemoglobin (Hb), a non-hypertensive Hb, exhibits high O2 affinity, which makes it difficult for it to deliver the desired levels of oxygen to tissues. The PEGylation of very low O2 affinity Hbs is now contemplated as the strategy to generate PEGylated Hbs with intermediate levels of O2 affinity. Toward this goal, a doubly modified Hb with very low O2 affinity has been generated. The amino terminal of the beta-chain of HbA is modified by 2-hydroxy, 3-phospho propylation first to generate a low oxygen affinity Hb, HPPr-HbA. The oxygen affinity of this Hb is insensitive to DPG and IHP. Molecular modeling studies indicated potential interactions between the covalently linked phosphate group and Lys-82 of the trans beta-chain. To further modulate the oxygen affinity of Hb, the alpha alpha-fumaryl cross-bridge has been introduced into HPPr-HbA in the mid central cavity. The doubly modified HbA (alpha alpha-fumaryl-HPPr-HbA) exhibits an O2 affinity lower than that of either of the singly modified Hbs, with a partial additivity of the two modifications. The geminate recombination and the visible resonance Raman spectra of the photoproduct of alpha alpha-fumaryl-HPPr-HbA also reflect a degree of additive influence of each of these modifications. The two modifications induced a synergistic influence on the chemical reactivity of Cys-93(beta). It is suggested that the doubly modified Hb has accessed the low affinity T-state that is non-responsive to effectors. The doubly modified Hb is considered as a potential candidate for generating PEGylated Hbs with an O2 affinity comparable to that of erythrocytes for developing blood substitutes.
Catalytic heterogeneous aziridination of alkenes using microporous materials (1998)

Copper-exchanged zeolite Y is a highly active catalyst for the aziridination of alkenes; modification using bis(oxazolines) leads to preparation of the first heterogeneous enantioselective aziridination catalyst.
2.3 An Energy-Efficient Configurable Lattice Cryptography Processor for the Quantum-Secure Internet of Things (2019)

Modern public key protocols, such as RSA and elliptic curve cryptography (ECC), will be rendered insecure by Shor's algorithm [1] when large-scale quantum computers are built. Therefore, cryptographers are working on quantum-resistant algorithms, and lattice-based cryptography has emerged as a prime candidate [1]. However, high computational complexity of these algorithms makes it challenging to implement lattice-based protocols on resource-constrained IoT devices, which need to secure data against both present and future adversaries. To address this challenge, we present a lattice cryptography processor with configurable parameters, which enables up to two orders of magnitude energy savings and 124K-gate reduction in system area through architectural optimizations. The ASIC demonstrates multiple lattice-based protocols proposed in Round 1 of the NIST post-quantum standardization process.
The combined use of interferon and radiotherapy in cancer management. (1986)

Preclinical studies have suggested combination therapy with interferon and radiation results in an enhanced cytotoxic effect. Both additive and synergistic effects have been reported in mammalian cells in tissue culture. A phase I trial was designed to determine patient tolerance to concomitant Schering interferon alfa-2b (Intron A) and radiation therapy (RT). RT was delivered in standard fashion (five times a week in 180 rad fractions). Interferon was injected subcutaneously 2 hours prior to irradiation. Sixteen patients, divided into groups of three, received interferon at dose levels of 2 X 10(6) to 30 X 10(6) IU/m2 given five or three times a week. Planned dose escalations were stopped at 5 X 10(6) IU/m2 by patient tolerance. We observed a significant difference in tolerance to treatment between the patients receiving interferon three times a week and those receiving interferon five times a week. Eight of nine patients treated five times a week developed grade III-IV toxicity resulting in hospitalization and discontinuation of interferon; radiation was not discontinued. Only two of seven patients treated three times a week were hospitalized, with grade II toxicity (anorexia), but both were subsequently able to continue treatment with both interferon and radiation. We have identified a maximum tolerated dose and schedule of interferon (5 X 10(6) IU/m2 three times a week) for use in future combined modality trials to assess the potential clinical effectiveness of interferon in combination with RT.
Some characteristics of the hollow-anode ion source (1992)

Hollow-anode ion source with a glass discharge tube has been studied. Such a source, apart from its simple construction, is suitable for the study of the hollow-anode discharge characteristics and their influence on the ion source properties. Ion current of 1 mA (limited by the extraction power supply), when operating gas is hydrogen, has been obtained.
Mesoporous Molybdenum–Tungsten Mixed Metal Oxide: A Solid Acid Catalyst for Green, Highly Efficient sp<sup>3</sup>–sp<sup>2</sup> C–C Coupling Reactions (2020)

A mesoporous molybdenum tungsten mixed metal oxide with high surface area (173 m<sup>2</sup>/g) was synthesized by using metal dissolution coupled with a surfactant assisted reverse micelle formation synthesis method. Comprehensive characterization of the mixed oxide was performed by using PXRD, Raman, BET, SEM, EDX, TEM, and XPS. Thus, the formation of α-Mo<sub>0.5</sub>W<sub>0.5</sub>O<sub>3</sub> with a homogeneous distribution of Mo and W throughout the material was seen. Furthermore, multiple oxidation states of molybdenum (Mo<sup>6+</sup> and Mo<sup>5+</sup>) and a single oxidation state of tungsten (W<sup>6+</sup>) were observed. The weak/moderate acidic sites present in the mixed metal oxide resulted in excellent catalytic properties toward the sp<sup>3</sup>-sp<sup>2</sup> carbon-carbon coupling reactions. The coupling of benzyl alcohol and toluene was completed within 15 min at 110 °C with 99% yield.
A Built-In Self-Repair Scheme for NOR-Type Flash Memory (2006)

The strong demand of non-volatile memory for SOC and SIP applications has made flash memory increasingly important. However, deep submicron defects and process uncertainties are causing yield loss of memory products. To solve the yield issue, built-in self-repair (BISR) is widely believed to be cost effective. It is, however, non-trivial to implement BISR on flash memories. In this paper we propose a BISR scheme for NOR-type flash memory. The BISR scheme performs built-in self-test (BIST), built-in redundancy analysis (BIRA), as well as on-chip repair. A typical redundancy architecture for NOR-type flash memory is assumed, based on which we present a redundancy analysis (RA) algorithm. Experimental result shows that the proposed BISR scheme can effectively repair most defective memories.
All-printed conformai electronically scanned phased array (2017)

We present a novel fully printed, conformal phased array antenna with beam forming capability. Analog phase shifters with a left handed transmission line (LHTL) design are used at the feed lines of four patch subarrays. The microstrip LHTL phase shifter is made of series tunable capacitors and shunt inductive stubs. The voltage-variable capacitor (varactor) is an interdigitated capacitor (IDC) filled with a novel ferroelectric nanocomposite. The sinterless nanocomposite dielectric is made by suspending especially-engineered nanoparticles of ferroelectric Barium Strontium Titanate (BST) in a thermoplastic polymer. Direct-ink writing techniques are used to digitally print the conductive and ferroelectric features on flexible substrates. RF measurements on varactors showed up to 10% capacitance tunability at 2GHz. Preliminary radiation pattern measurements showed an electronic beam steering with up to 15° of scanning. The proposed phased array design has the potential for roll-to-roll fabrication of ultralow-cost beamforming systems for communication and radar applications.
Fountain Flow Cytometry (2012)

Fountain Flow Cytometry (FFC) is a simple and inexpensive technology that is adaptable to situations requiring detection and enumeration of cells/organisms at low concentrations, but is limited to particles of relatively high fluorescence intensity. This work presents the basic physics behind the novel scheme Fountain Flow Cytometry employs for the detection of target particles, a hybrid of conventional flow cytometry and video epifluorescence microscopy. The method is based on LED-induced fluorescence of labeled particles and requires no filtration step. Unlike conventional flow cytometry, the resulting fluorescence is measured with a digital camera as the measured sample flows toward the camera along the optical axis. An automated target particle recognition and enumeration computer program, Biocount, is used to count particles. FFC allows for detection of target particles in transparent and translucent fluids, such as environmental water, blood, and beverages. In addition, FFC can be used for detection of target particles in the presence of high photometric background, including unbound fluorescent dye. This facilitates use of the technique in situations where cells are unwashed. Current applications extend, but are not limited to, particles from µm-size bacteria to multi-millimeter-sized multicellular organisms.
Primary genome scan to identify putative quantitative trait loci for feedlot growth rate, feed intake, and feed efficiency of beef cattle1 (2007)

Feed intake and feed efficiency of beef cattle are economically relevant traits. The study was conducted to identify QTL for feed intake and feed efficiency of beef cattle by using genotype information from 100 microsatellite markers and 355 SNP genotyped across 400 progeny of 20 Angus, Charolais, or Alberta Hybrid bulls. Traits analyzed include feedlot ADG, daily DMI, feed-to-gain ratio [F:G, which is the reciprocal of the efficiency of gain (G:F)], and residual feed intake (RFI). A mixed model with sire as random and QTL effects as fixed was used to generate an F-statistic profile across and within families for each trait along each chromosome, followed by empirical permutation tests to determine significance thresholds for QTL detection. Putative QTL for ADG (chromosome-wise P < 0.05) were detected across families on chromosomes 5 (130 cM), 6 (42 cM), 7 (84 cM), 11 (20 cM), 14 (74 cM), 16 (22 cM), 17 (9 cM), 18 (46 cM), 19 (53 cM), and 28 (23 cM). For DMI, putative QTL that exceeded the chromosome-wise P < 0.05 threshold were detected on chromosomes 1 (93 cM), 3 (123 cM), 15 (31 cM), 17 (81 cM), 18 (49 cM), 20 (56 cM), and 26 (69 cM) in the across-family analyses. Putative across-family QTL influencing F:G that exceeded the chromosome-wise P < 0.05 threshold were detected on chromosomes 3 (62 cM), 5 (129 cM), 7 (27 cM), 11 (16 cM), 16 (30 cM), 17 (81 cM), 22 (72 cM), 24 (55 cM), and 28 (24 cM). Putative QTL influencing RFI that exceeded the chromosome-wise P < 0.05 threshold were detected on chromosomes 1 (90 cM), 5 (129 cM), 7 (22 cM), 8 (80 cM), 12 (89 cM), 16 (41 cM), 17 (19 cM), and 26 (48 cM) in the across-family analyses. In addition, a total of 4, 6, 1, and 8 chromosomes showed suggestive evidence (chromosome-wise, P < 0.10) for putative ADG, DMI, F:G, and RFI QTL, respectively. Most of the QTL detected across families were also detected within families, although the locations across families were not necessarily the locations within families, which is likely because of differences among families in marker informativeness for the different linkage groups. The locations and direction of some of the QTL effects reported in this study suggest potentially favorable pleiotropic effects for the underlying genes. Further studies will be required to confirm these QTL in other populations so that they can be fine-mapped for potential applications in marker-assisted selection and management of beef cattle.
Solving constrained quadratic binary problems via quantum adiabatic\n evolution (2015)

Quantum adiabatic evolution is perceived as useful for binary quadratic\nprogramming problems that are a priori unconstrained. For constrained problems,\nit is a common practice to relax linear equality constraints as penalty terms\nin the objective function. However, there has not yet been proposed a method\nfor efficiently dealing with inequality constraints using the quantum adiabatic\napproach. In this paper, we give a method for solving the Lagrangian dual of a\nbinary quadratic programming (BQP) problem in the presence of inequality\nconstraints and employ this procedure within a branch-and-bound framework for\nconstrained BQP (CBQP) problems.\n
Reformulation of the MODTRAN band model for higher spectral resolution (2000)

The MODTRAN 1 cm-1 band model has been reformulated for application to higher spectral resolution. Molecular line center absorption is still determined from finite spectral bin equivalent widths but is now partitioned between the bin containing the molecular transition and its nearest neighbor bin. Also, the equivalent width calculation has been upgraded to retain to maintain high accuracy at the increased spectral resolution. The MODTRAN Lorentz line tail spectral bin absorption coefficient data has been replaced by a more general and accurate Pad? approximant for Voigt line tails, and higher order pressure dependencies are now modeled. Initial comparisons to the FASE model and to measurement data are presented.
Preclinical PET imaging with the novel human antibody <sup>89</sup>Zr-DFO-REGN3504 sensitively detects PD-L1 expression in tumors and normal tissues (2021)

This work supports the clinical translation of <sup>89</sup>Zr-REGN3504 immuno-PET for the assessment of PD-L1 expression. Future clinical studies will aim to investigate the utility of <sup>89</sup>Zr-REGN3504 immuno-PET for predicting and monitoring response to anti-PD-1 therapy.