gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
The role of dynamin-related protein 1 in cancer growth: a promising therapeutic target? (2013)

Mitochondrial functions are altered in many human diseases including cancer. Development of mitochondria-targeted therapies, either through restoring normal mitochondrial function or promoting mitochondrial-induced cell death, is one of the attractive strategies to improve the outcome of cancer treatment. Recent advances have revealed the important functional involvement of mitochondrial dynamics in cancer biology. Dynamin-related protein 1 (Drp1), a member of the dynamin family of GTPases required for mitochondrial fission, has been found upregulated in certain types of cancers, such as lung and breast cancers. In addition, the roles of Drp1 in cell cycle progression, genome instability, cell migration and apoptosis in cancer cells have also been recently uncovered. These findings raise the possibility of targeting Drp1-mediated mitochondrial fission as an effective therapy for treating cancer. This article explores the function of Drp1 in cancer cells and discusses the theoretical basis for the development of potential targeted therapy.
High conductivity glass electrolytes for sodium/sulfur batteries (1986)

High-soda glasses in the Na/sub 2/O-ZrO/sub 2/-Al/sub 2/O/sub 3/-SiO/sub 2/ system were tested for low resistivity and stability in Na, Na/sub 2/S/sub 4/, S, and Na/sub 2/S/sub 3/. The composition that was selected was: 42 (mol%) Na/sub 2/O, 8 Al/sub 2/O/sub 3/, 5 ZrO/sub 2/, 45 SiO/sub 2/. Effects of tube diameter on specific power and energy were studied. 3 figs.
On the road to recovery (2006)

Restoring data operations after a disaster is a daunting task: how should recovery be performed to minimize data loss and application downtime? Administrators are under considerable pressure to recover quickly, so they lack time to make good scheduling decisions. They schedule recovery based on rules of thumb, or on pre-determined orders that might not be best for the failure occurrence. With multiple workloads and recovery techniques, the number of possibilities is large, so the decision process is not trivial.This paper makes several contributions to the area of data recovery scheduling. First, we formalize the description of potential recovery processes by defining recovery graphs. Recovery graphs explicitly capture alternative approaches for recovering workloads, including their recovery tasks, operational states, timing information and precedence relationships. Second, we formulate the data recovery scheduling problem as an optimization problem, where the goal is to find the schedule that minimizes the financial penalties due to downtime, data loss and vulnerability to subsequent failures. Third, we present several methods for finding optimal or near-optimal solutions, including priority-based, randomized and genetic algorithm-guided ad hoc heuristics. We quantitatively evaluate these methods using realistic storage system designs and workloads, and compare the quality of the algorithms' solutions to optimal solutions provided by a math programming formulation and to the solutions from a simple heuristic that emulates the choices made by human administrators. We find that our heuristics' solutions improve on the administrator heuristic's solutions, often approaching or achieving optimality.
Mechanisms by Which Soluble Endothelial Cell Protein C Receptor Modulates Protein C and Activated Protein C Function (2000)

The endothelial cell protein C receptor (EPCR) functions as an important regulator of the protein C anticoagulant pathway by binding protein C and enhancing activation by the thrombin-thrombomodulin complex. EPCR binds to both protein C and activated protein C (APC) with high affinity. A soluble form of EPCR (sEPCR) circulates in plasma and inhibits APC anticoagulant activity. In this study, we investigate the mechanisms by which sEPCR modulates APC function. Soluble EPCR inhibited the inactivation of factor Va by APC only in the presence of phospholipid vesicles. By using flow cytometric analysis in the presence of 3 mM CaCl(2) and 0. 6 mM MgCl(2), sEPCR inhibited the binding of protein C and APC to phospholipid vesicles (K(i) = 40 +/- 7 and 33 +/- 4 nM, respectively). Without MgCl(2), the K(i) values increased approximately 4-fold. Double label flow cytometric analysis using fluorescein-APC and Texas Red-sEPCR indicated that the APC.sEPCR complex does not interact with phospholipid vesicles. By using surface plasmon resonance, we found that sEPCR also inhibited binding of protein C to phospholipid in a dose-dependent fashion (K(i) = 32 nM). To explore the possibility that sEPCR evokes structural changes in APC, fluorescence spectroscopy studies were performed to monitor sEPCR/Fl-APC interactions. sEPCR binds saturably to Fl-APC (K(d) = 27 +/- 13 nM) with a maximum decrease in Fl-APC fluorescence of 10.8 +/- 0.6%. sEPCR also stimulated the amidolytic activity of APC toward synthetic substrates. We conclude that sEPCR binding to APC blocks phospholipid interaction and alters the active site of APC.
Concept and Computational Design for a Bioartificial Nephron-On-A-Chip (2008)

A MEMS-based, (Micro Electro Mechanical System) bioartificial device is proposed for replicating the function of a single nephron. Consistent with the anatomy and physiology of humans, our device has 3 distinct sections, replicating the function of the glomerulus, the proximal tubule, and the loop of Henle. Construction of a bioartificial loop of Henle in particular requires control of diffusion-scale features. The proposed device can be built using existing microfabrication technologies and populated with various renal cell types. A computational model is also developed to analyze the coupled, multiphase mass transport in this system. Using the model, a design is generated with flow and solute transport properties matching those of the human nephron.
Link packing in mmWave networks (2017)

In this paper we formulate a general link packing problem for mmWave networks. Each link is a 4-tuple determined by the choice of receiving user, transmitting access point, transmit beamforming vector and receive beamforming vector. The problem seeks to optimize the weighted sum over active links, where each link is allowed to have any arbitrarily chosen weight or priority and an active link must satisfy a minimum link quality threshold. Our formulation models a practical scenario in which blockages due to arbitrarily placed obstacles in the propagation environment are allowed to occur, where we note that mmWave transmissions are extremely susceptible to blockages. This is a key departure from the classical link packing problem where only the signal attenuation based on propagation distance is modeled. We exploit the sparsity induced by the directional nature of propagation due to beamforming, limited diffraction and the significant signal attenuation due to high path, penetration losses. We propose a novel technique that exploits this sparsity and considers an alternate formulation which is a column-sparse binary packing problem. This alternate formulation is in general conservative and we derive sufficient conditions under which it is equivalent to the original problem. We construct an efficient iterative algorithm and show that it outperforms other heuristics and guarantees a constant factor approximation for input instances that are likely to occur in mmWave networks.
A centralized dynamic access probability protocol for next generation wireless networks (2002)

A multiple access protocol that is particularly suitable for cellular Internet access and satellite-based networks with on-board processing is developed. The basic idea is that when a user wishes to send a message, it transmits with a probability p/sub access/ that depends on the load on the channel. Under conditions of low load, the probability p/sub access/ approaches 1, while at high load p/sub access/ is relatively low. This media access control protocol guarantees high channel utilization at high load, as well as low delay at low load periods. Using the statistical usage of the shared channel, the load is estimated with certain uncertainty. Our analysis shows that using the statistical usage of the shared channel, the optimal access probability can be well estimated for a broad class of load distribution patterns. In addition, we propose to use a central station to broadcast the value of p/sub access/ in networks with poor collision detection capability, or long feedback delay. The proposed method is particularly suitable for shared channels with poor collision detection capability, under conditions of bursty traffic and a large number of users. Examples for such channels are the reservation channel in satellite-based networks with on-board processing, and the control channel in cellular networks. Hence, the proposed method can be used for cellular Internet access and for accessing public satellite-based networks. The broadcast mechanism that already exists in such networks can be used to inform the users the dynamic access probability.
High Mobility Field‐Effect Transistors with Versatile Processing from a Small‐Molecule Organic Semiconductor (2013)

Trialkylgermyl functionalization allows the development of high-performance soluble small-molecule organic semiconductors with mobilities greater than 5 cm(2) V(-1) s(-1) . Spray-deposited organic thin-film transistors show a record mobility of 2.2 cm(2) V(-1) s(-1) and demonstrate the potential for incorporation in large-area, low-cost electronic applications.
Enhanced delivery of <i>mda‐</i>7/IL‐24 using a serotype chimeric adenovirus (Ad.5/3) in combination with the apogossypol derivative BI‐97C1 (Sabutoclax) improves therapeutic efficacy in low CAR colorectal cancer cells (2011)

Adenovirus (Ad)-based gene therapy represents a potentially viable strategy for treating colorectal cancer. The infectivity of serotype 5 adenovirus (Ad.5), routinely used as a transgene delivery vector, is dependent on Coxsackie-adenovirus receptors (CAR). CAR expression is downregulated in many cancers thus preventing optimum therapeutic efficiency of Ad.5-based therapies. To overcome the low CAR problem, a serotype chimerism approach was used to generate a recombinant Ad (Ad.5/3) that is capable of infecting cancer cells via Ad.3 receptors in a CAR-independent manner. We evaluated the improved transgene delivery and efficacy of Ad.5/3 recombinant virus expressing melanoma differentiation associated gene-7/interleukin-24 (mda-7/IL-24), an effective wide-spectrum cancer-selective therapeutic. In low CAR human colorectal cancer cells RKO, wild-type Ad.5 virus expressing mda-7/IL-24 (Ad.5-mda-7) failed to infect efficiently resulting in lack of expression of MDA-7/IL-24 or induction of apoptosis. However, a recombinant Ad.5/3 virus expressing mda-7/IL-24 (Ad.5/3-mda-7) efficiently infected RKO cells resulting in higher MDA-7/IL-24 expression and inhibition of cell growth both in vitro and in nude mice xenograft models. Addition of the novel Bcl-2 family pharmacological inhibitor Apogossypol derivative BI-97C1 (Sabutoclax) significantly augmented the efficacy of Ad.5/3-mda-7. A combination regimen of suboptimal doses of Ad.5/3-mda-7 and BI-97C1 profoundly enhanced cytotoxicity in RKO cells both in vitro and in vivo. Considering the fact that Ad.5-mda-7 has demonstrated significant objective responses in a Phase I clinical trial for advanced solid tumors, Ad.5/3-mda-7 alone or in combination with BI-97C1 would be predicted to exert significantly improved therapeutic efficacy in colorectal cancer patients.
Conversion of coal to high octane gasoline. [synthesis of aromatic and alkylate gasoline with methanation of C2 portion of coal gas] (1977)

An integrated process for converting coal to high octane gasoline by gasifying the coal in such manner as to form a gas comprising carbon oxides, hydrogen and methane; contacting this gas in one or a series of steps with one or a series of catalysts, respectively comprising a special high silica to alumina ratio zeolite; converting the carbon oxides and hydrogen by such contact to a product comprising water, high octane aromatic gasoline and light hydrocarbon gases; alkylating the C/sub 3/ and C/sub 4/ olefins with the isobutane in the light gases to produce alkylate gasoline; admixing the aromatic and alkylate gasolines; and subjecting the C/sub 2/- portion of the product to catalytic methanation via a nickel catalyst to produce synthetic natural gas.
Metabotropic glutamate receptor 4 (mGlu<sub>4</sub>)-positive allosteric modulators for the treatment of Parkinson's disease: historical perspective and review of the patent literature (2012)

Although there has yet to be an mGlu(4)-positive allosteric modulator progressed into clinical trials, there is a wealth of preclinical data from the primary literature that shows the promise of this emerging target. A number of academic and industry laboratories have recently published exciting patent data covering a multitude of chemical matter. Positive allosteric modulation of mGlu(4) remains one of the more attractive non-dopaminergic therapies for Parkinson's disease, as well as emerging data for other indications such as pain, neuroinflammation, schizophrenia and diabetes, which could potentially make mGlu(4) a significant therapeutic target going forward.
Xanthine functionalized congeners as potent ligands at A2-adenosine receptors (1987)

Amide derivatives of a carboxylic acid congener of 1,3-dialkylxanthine, having a 4-[(carboxymethyl)oxy]phenyl substituent at the 8-position, have been synthesized in order to identify potent antagonists at A2-adenosine receptors stimulatory to adenylate cyclase in platelets. Distal structural features of amide-linked chains and the size of the 1,3-dialkyl groups have been varied. 1,3-Diethyl groups, more than 1,3-dimethyl or 1,3-dipropyl groups, favor A2 potency, even in the presence of extended chains attached at the 8-(p-substituted-phenyl) position. Polar groups, such as amines, on the chain simultaneously enhance water solubility and A2 potency. Among the most potent A2 ligands are an amine congener, 8-[4-[[[[(2-aminoethyl)amino]carbonyl]methyl]oxy]phenyl]- 1,3-diethylxanthine, and its D-lysyl conjugate, which have KB values of 21 and 23 nM, respectively, for the antagonism of N-ethyl-adenosine-5'-uronamide-stimulated adenylate cyclase activity in human platelet membranes. Strategies for the selection and tritiation of new radioligands for use in competitive binding assays at A2-adenosine receptors have been considered.
Nonlinear Black Phosphorus for Ultrafast Optical Switching (2017)

The outstanding electronic and optical properties of black phosphorus (BP) in a two-dimensional (2D) but unique single-layer puckered structure have opened intense research interest ranging from fundamental physics to nanoscale applications covering the electronic and optical domains. The direct and controllable electronic bandgap facilitating wide range of tunable optical response coupled with high anisotropic in-plane properties made BP a promising nonlinear optical material for broadband optical applications. Here, we investigate ultrafast optical switching relying on the optical nonlinearity of BP. Wavelength conversion for modulated signals whose frequency reaches up to 20 GHz is realized by four-wave-mixing (FWM) with BP-deposited D-shaped fiber. In the successful demonstration of the FWM based wavelength conversion, performance parameter has been increased up to ~33% after employing BP in the device. It verifies that BP is able to perform efficient optical switching in the evanescent field interaction regime at very high speed. Our results might suggest that BP-based ultra-fast photonics devices could be potentially developed for broadband applications.
Stereoselective Cyclization and Pyramidal Inversion Strategies for P-Chirogenic Phospholane Synthesis (2004)

Preparation of P-chirogenic mono- and bisphospholanes is reported. The demonstrated method employs a stereoselective cyclization of cyclic sulfates with primary phosphines in the presence of base to generate "cis" or "cis/cis" P-chirogenic phospholanes followed by heat-induced pyramidal inversion to provide "trans" or "trans/trans" P-chirogenic phospholanes. A rhodium complex of one "trans/trans" phospholane is applied to the highly enantioselective asymmetric hydrogenation of a substrate precursor to the pharmaceutical candidate pregabalin.
Harmonic coherent demodulation for improving sound coding in cochlear implants (2010)

The paper presents a promising application of the coherent demodulation technique to improving hearing with cochlear implants. It has been a challenge to encode temporal fine structure (TFS) in cochlear implants for better speech and music perception. We propose a pitch-synchronized coherent demodulation strategy-Harmonic Single Sideband Encoder (HSSE)-to efficiently encode TFS cues. A dynamic carrier estimation approach based on harmonic detection was chosen to enhance temporal pitch coding in cochlear implants. Acoustic analysis results showed that the HSSE strategy preserves temporal fine structure cues including fundamental frequency (F0) information as well. The coding of temporal fine structure cues in cochlear implants could be potentially improved with the F0-synchronized coherent demodulation.
Ultrafast Scanning Microscopy (1993)

Get PDF Email Share Share with Facebook Tweet This Post on reddit Share with LinkedIn Add to CiteULike Add to Mendeley Add to BibSonomy Get Citation Copy Citation Text S. Weiss, D. Botkin, and D. S. Chemla, "Ultrafast Scanning Microscopy," in Ultrafast Electronics and Optoelectronics, J. Shah and U. Mishra, eds., Vol. 14 of OSA Proceedings Series (Optica Publishing Group, 1993), paper E3. Export Citation BibTex Endnote (RIS) HTML Plain Text Citation alert Save article
Development of Proton Computed Tomography for Applications in Proton Therapy (2009)

Determination of the Bragg peak position in proton therapy requires accurate knowledge of the electron density and ratio of effective atomic number and mass (Z/A) of the body tissues traversed. While the Z/A ratio is fairly constant for human tissues, the density of tissues varies significantly. One possibility to obtain accurate electron density information of tissues is to use protons of sufficient energy to penetrate the patient and measure their energy loss. From these transmission measurements, it is possible to reconstruct a three‐dimensional map of electron densities using algebraic techniques. The interest in proton computed tomography (pCT) has considerably increased in recent years due to the more common use of proton accelerators for cancer treatment world‐wide and a modern design concept based on current high‐energy physics technology has been suggested. This contribution gives a status update on the pCT project carried out by the pCT Collaboration, a group of institutions sharing interest and expertise in the development of pCT. We will present updated imaging data obtained with a small pCT prototype developed in collaboration with the Santa Cruz Institute of Particle Physics and installed on the proton research beam line at Loma Linda University Medical Center. We will discuss hardware decisions regarding the next‐generation pCT scanner, which will permit scanning of head‐sized objects. Progress has also been made in the formulation of the most likely path of protons through an object and parallelizable iterative reconstruction algorithms that can be implemented on general‐purpose commodity graphics processing units. Finally, we will present simulation studies for utilizing pCT technology for on‐line proton dose verification and tumor imaging with positron emission tomography (PET).
A Flexible Spiraling‐Metasurface as a Versatile Haptic Interface (2020)

Abstract Haptic feedback is the most significant sensory interface following visual cues. Developing thin, flexible surfaces that function as haptic interfaces is important for augmenting virtual reality, wearable devices, robotics and prostheses. For example, adding a haptic feedback interface to prosthesis could improve their acceptance among amputees. State of the art programmable interfaces targeting the skin feel‐of‐touch through mechano‐receptors are limited by inadequate sensory feedback, cumbersome mechanisms, or narrow frequency of operation. Here, a flexible metasurface is presented as a generic haptic interface capable of producing complex tactile patterns on the human skin at wide range of frequencies. The metasurface is composed of multiple “pixels” that can locally amplify both input displacements and forces. Each of these pixels encodes various deformation patterns capable of producing different sensations on contact. The metasurface can transform a harmonic signal containing multiple frequencies into a complex preprogrammed tactile pattern. The findings, corroborated by user studies conducted on human candidates, can open new avenues for wearable and robotic interfaces.
Digital image processing techniques for patterned-wafer inspection (1993)

A new self-reference signal processing technique is proposed for detecting the location of any nonregularities and defects in a periodic two-dimensional signal or image. Using high- resolution spectral estimation algorithms, the proposed technique first extracts the period and structure of repeated patterns from the image to sub-pixel resolution in both directions, and then produces a defect-free reference image for making comparison with the actual image. Since the technique acquires all its needed information from a single image, on the contrary to the existing methods, there is no need for a database image, a scaling procedure, or any a- priori knowledge about the repetition period of the pattern. Results of applying the proposed technique to real images from microlithography are presented.
From low-level perception to high-level perception: a coherent approach for visual attention modeling (2004)

The saliency-based or bottom-up model of visual attention presented in this paper deals with still color images. The model we built is based on numerous properties of the human visual system (HVS), thus providing a biologically plausible system. The computation of early visual features such as color and orientation is a key step for any bottom-up model and the way to extract these visual features easily permits to differentiate a model from an other. The novelty of the proposed approach lies on the fact that the computation of early visual features is fully based on a HVS model consisting in projecting the picture into an opponent-colors space, applying a perceptual decomposition, contrast sensitivity and masking functions. Moreover, a strategy essentially based on a center surround mechanism and on the perceptual grouping phenomena underscores conspicuous locations by combining visual feature maps. A saliency map which is defined as a 2D topographic representation of conspicuity is then deduced. The model is applied to a number of natural images. Our results are then compared with the results of a well-know bottom-up model.