gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
ABE: providing a low-delay service within best effort (2001)

We propose alternative best effort (ABE), a novel service for IP networks, which idea of providing low-delay at the expense of maybe less throughput. The objective is to retain the simplicity of the original Internet single-class best-effort service while providing low-delay to interactive adaptive applications. With ABE, every best effort packet is marked as either green or blue. Green packets are guaranteed a low bounded delay in every router. In exchange, green packets are more likely to be dropped (or marked using congestion notification) during periods of congestion than blue packets. For every packet, the choice of color is made by the application based on the nature of its traffic and on global traffic conditions. Typically, an interactive application with real-time deadlines, such as audio, will mark most at its packets as green, as long as the network conditions offer large enough throughput. In contrast, an application that transfers binary data such as bulk data transfer will seek to minimize overall transfer time and send blue traffic. We propose router requirements that aim at enforcing benefits for all types of traffic, namely that green traffic achieves low-delay and blue traffic receives at least as much throughput as it would in a flat (legacy) best effort network. ABE is different from differentiated or integrated services in that neither packet color can be said to receive better treatment; thus, flat rate pricing may be maintained, and there is no need for reservations or profiles. We define the ABE service, its requirements, properties, and usage. We discuss the implications of replacing the existing IP best effort service by the ABE service. We propose and analyze an implementation based on a new scheduling method called duplicate scheduling with deadlines. It supports any mixture of TCP, TCP-friendly, and non-TCP-friendly traffic.
Rotational Acceleration Measurements - Evaluating Helmet Protection (2004)

Clear differences in rotational acceleration were demonstrated. Possible avenues of further investigation are discussed.
Numerical considerations on multipole-type electrostatic deflectors (1983)

High performance electrostatic deflectors are required for wide angle and high precision deflection systems. Much work has been performed and reported regarding multipole-type deflectors without asymmetrical errors. Asymmetrical errors may deteriorate wide range deflection properties. Conventional small angle deflection theory cannot be applied to such a wide area and high precision deflection system. In this paper, geometrical errors in manufacturing are taken into account in evaluating nonequisectored-type multipole electrostatic deflectors. A contribution factor is introduced to evaluate wide range deflection properties. Deflection performance of manufactured deflectors can be evaluated easily by the proposed method from their geometrical dimension. Furthermore, pattern distortion of a shaped beam is investigated.
Liquid Migration in Shear Thickening Suspensions Flowing through Constrictions (2019)

Dense suspensions often become more dilute as they move downstream through a constriction. We find that as a shear-thickening suspension is extruded through a narrow die and undergoes such liquid migration, the extrudate maintains a steady concentration ϕ_{out}^{LM}, independent of time or initial concentration. At low volumetric flow rate Q, ϕ_{out}^{LM} is a universal function of Q/r_{d}^{3}, a characteristic shear rate in the die of radius r_{d}, and coincides with the critical input concentration for the onset of LM, ϕ_{in}^{crit}. We predict this function by coupling the Wyart-Cates model for shear thickening and the "suspension balance model" for solvent permeation through particles.
Targeting the Wilms Tumor Antigen 1 by TCR Gene Transfer: TCR Variants Improve Tetramer Binding but Not the Function of Gene Modified Human T Cells (2007)

We have previously described the functional activity of a human TCR specific for an HLA-A2-presented peptide derived from the Wilms tumor Ag 1 (WT1). Recent studies showed that the expression and function of human TCR was improved by the introduction of an additional disulfide bond between the alpha- and beta-chains or by the exchange of the human constant region for murine sequences. In this study, we analyzed the functional activity of WT1-TCR variants expressed in Jurkat cells and in primary T cells. The introduction of cysteine residues or murine constant sequences into the WT1-TCR did not result in a global reduction of mispairing with wild-type TCR chains. Instead, the level of mispairing was affected by the variable region sequences of the wild-type TCR chains. The analysis of freshly transduced peripheral blood T cells showed that the transfer of modified TCR constructs generated a higher frequency of Ag-responsive T cells than the transfer of the wild-type TCR. After several rounds of peptide stimulation this difference was no longer observed, as all transduced T cell populations accumulated approximately 90% of Ag-responsive T cells. Although the Ag-responsive T cells expressing the modified TCR bound the HLA-A2/WT1 tetramer more efficiently than T cells expressing the wild-type TCR, this did not improve the avidity of transduced T cells nor did it result in a measurable enhancement in IFN-gamma production and cytotoxic activity. This indicated that the enhanced tetramer binding of modified WT1-TCR variants was not associated with improved WT1-specific T cell function.
Impact of vacancy ordering on thermal transport in crystalline phase-change materials (2014)

Controlling thermal transport in solids is of paramount importance for many applications. Often thermal management is crucial for a device's performance, as it affects both reliability and power consumption. A number of intricate concepts have been developed to address this challenge, such as diamond-like coatings to enhance the thermal conductivity or low symmetry complex super-structures to reduce it. Here, a different approach is pursued, where we explore the potential of solids with a high yet controllable degree of disorder. Recently, it has been demonstrated that an unconventionally high degree of structural disorder characterizes a number of crystalline phase-change materials (PCMs). This disorder strongly impacts electronic transport and even leads to disorder induced localization (Anderson localization). This raises the question how thermal transport is affected by such conditions. Here thermal transport in highly disordered crystalline Ge-Sb-Te (GST) based PCMs is investigated. Glass-like thermal properties are observed for several crystalline PCMs, which are attributed to strong scattering by disordered point defects. A systematic study of different compounds along the pseudo-binary line between GeTe and Sb2Te3 reveals that disordered vacancies act as point defects responsible for pronounced phonon scattering. Annealing causes a gradual ordering of the vacancies and leads to a more 'crystal-like' thermal conductivity. While both vibrational and electronic degrees of freedom are affected by disorder, the consequences differ for different stoichiometries. This opens up a pathway to tune electrical and thermal transport by controlling the degree of disorder. Materials with tailored transport properties may not only help to improve power efficiency and scaling in upcoming phase-change memories but are also of fundamental interest in the field of thermoelectric materials.
Roundtrip Ticket for Secretory IgA: Role in Mucosal Homeostasis? (2007)

An important activity of mucosal surfaces is the production of Ab referred to as secretory IgA (SIgA). SIgA serves as the first line of defense against microorganisms through a mechanism called immune exclusion. In addition, SIgA adheres selectively to M cells in intestinal Peyer's patches, thus mediating the transepithelial transport of the Ab molecule from the intestinal lumen to underlying gut-associated organized lymphoid tissue. In Peyer's patches, SIgA binds and is internalized by dendritic cells in the subepithelial dome region. When used as carrier for Ags in oral immunization, SIgA induces mucosal and systemic responses associated with production of anti-inflammatory cytokines and limits activation of dendritic cells. In terms of humoral immunity at mucosal surfaces, SIgA appears thus to combine properties of a neutralizing agent (immune exclusion) and of a mucosal immunopotentiator inducing effector immune responses in a noninflammatory context favorable to preserve local homeostasis of the gastrointestinal tract.
Micro-LED-based guided-wave optical links for visible light communications (2015)

Visible light communications (VLC) have attracted considerable research interest in recent years for use in both free-space and guided-wave optical links. In this paper, we review recent work on the development of guided-wave VLC links over plastic optical fibres (POF) and multimode polymer waveguides utilising micro-pixelated light-emitting diodes (μLEDs) and pulse amplitude modulation (PAM) schemes. Record 6.25 Gb/s single-directional and 10 Gb/s bi-directional data transmission have been achieved over 10 m of POF using this low-cost technology, while low-cost waveguide-based VLC systems achieving 4 Gb/s per channel have been developed.
Polymerization of styrene in a continuous filled tubular reactor (1996)

Abstract Free radical solution polymerization of styrene has been studied using a binary mixture of symmetrical bifunctional initiators in a filled tubular reactor packed with static mixers. Owing to intensive radial mixing induced by the static mixers, a near plug flow pattern was obtained in the reactor with some axial dispersion effect. The axial mass dispersion coefficient was determined from the residence time distribution experiment and a dynamic axial dispersion model has been developed and solved to investigate steady state and transient behavior of the filled tubular reactor. With a solvent volume fraction of 0.3, the monomer conversion up to 70% was obtained without fouling problems in the temperature range 90 to 120°C. The experimental filled tubular reactor was operated under various reaction conditions and a reasonably good agreement between the model and the experimental data was obtained without using any adjustable parameters.
Acceleration of finite field arithmetic algorithms in embedded processing platforms utilizing instruction set extensions (2007)

Finite field arithmetic is essential to error correction and cryptography. Instruction set extensions are an alternative to ASICs and DSPs while providing the same performance with embedded CPUs. An instruction set extension is presented that handles various fields in GF(2 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">m</sup> ). A MIPS DLX processor core is accelerated using an auxiliary processing interface to a finite field arithmetic unit. Additional instructions are added to the DLX core set which are used to create finite field arithmetic benchmarks. The processor core and extensions datapath are synthesized in a standard cell 0.18μm CMOS process achieving a 233MHz clock. The combined DLX and FFU system demonstrates a 355× speed-up when performing elliptical curve projective point doubling in GF(2 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">163</sup> ).
Urban Location and Housing Prices within a Hedonic Model (2008)

A measure of location relative to employment is often included in hedonic housing price models. This is most often distance to the center, based on the monocentric model, which does not consider the decentralization of employment in urban areas. This paper tests the perfor-mance of alternative measures of location, considering both distance and time to the center and to multiple employment centers and measures of accessibility to employment and change in accessibility. The measures using multiple employment centers and accessibility perform better than simple distance to the center, with the combination of accessibility to employment and change in accessibility doing best.
Generalized expectation criteria for bootstrapping extractors using record-text alignment (2009)

Traditionally, machine learning approaches for information extraction require human annotated data that can be costly and time-consuming to produce. However, in many cases, there already exists a database (DB) with schema related to the desired output, and records related to the expected input text. We present a conditional random field (CRF) that aligns tokens of a given DB record and its realization in text. The CRF model is trained using only the available DB and unlabeled text with generalized expectation criteria. An annotation of the text induced from inferred alignments is used to train an information extractor. We evaluate our method on a citation extraction task in which alignments between DBLP database records and citation texts are used to train an extractor. Experimental results demonstrate an error reduction of 35% over a previous state-of-the-art method that uses heuristic alignments.
Using Wavelet Transform and Fuzzy Neural Network for VPC Detection From the Holter ECG (2004)

A novel method for detecting ventricular premature contraction (VPC) from the Holter system is proposed using wavelet transform (WT) and fuzzy neural network (FNN). The basic ideal and major advantage of this method is to reuse information that is used during QRS detection, a necessary step for most ECG classification algorithm, for VPC detection. To reduce the influence of different artifacts, the filter bank property of quadratic spline WT is explored. The QRS duration in scale three and the area under the QRS complex in scale four are selected as the characteristic features. It is found that the R wave amplitude has a marked influence on the computation of proposed characteristic features. Thus, it is necessary to normalize these features. This normalization process can reduce the effect of alternating R wave amplitude and achieve reliable VPC detection. After normalization and excluding the left bundle branch block beats, the accuracies for VPC classification using FNN is 99.79%. Features that are extracted using quadratic spline wavelet were used successfully by previous investigators for QRS detection. In this study, using the same wavelet, it is demonstrated that the proposed feature extraction method from different WT scales can effectively eliminate the influence of high and low-frequency noise and achieve reliable VPC classification. The two primary advantages of using same wavelet for QRS detection and VPC classification are less computation and less complexity during actual implementation.
Printed diversity monopole antenna for WLAN operation (2002)

A printed diversity monopole antenna for WLAN operation in the 2.4 GHz band is presented. The antenna comprises two orthogonal linear monopoles placed symmetrically with respect to a T-shaped ground plane between them. The antenna has two highly decoupled ports and can provide spatial diversity to combat the multipath interference problem.
A Phase I Study of Foretinib, a Multi-Targeted Inhibitor of c-Met and Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Receptor 2 (2010)

The recommended dose of foretinib was determined to be 240 mg, given on the first 5 days of a 14-day cycle. This dose and schedule were identified as having acceptable safety and pharmacokinetics, and will be the dose used in subsequent phase II trials.
Benzyl and Cumyl Dithiocarbamates as Chain Transfer Agents in the RAFT Polymerization of <i>N</i>-Isopropylacrylamide. In Situ FT-NIR and MALDI−TOF MS Investigation (2002)

The principles of RAFT polymerization were applied to the polymerization of N-isopropylacrylamide (NIPAAm), which was carried out in the presence of the dithiocarbamates benzyl 1-pyrrolecarbodithioate and cumyl 1-pyrrolecarbodithioate, respectively, as chain transfer agents in 1,4-dioxane at 60 °C. A kinetic investigation using in situ FT-NIR spectroscopy shows very long induction periods which depend on the nature and concentration of the chain transfer agent. The resulting polymers have polydispersity indices Mw/Mn < 1.3 and have been investigated by MALDI−TOF mass spectrometry, GPC, NMR, and UV spectroscopy. The expected end group signals for chain transfer agent (CTA) and initiator could be identified together with fragmentation of the dithioester end group under MALDI conditions. The number-average molecular weights obtained by MALDI−TOF MS are significantly lower than those obtained by GPC with polystyrene calibration. With the use of the abovementioned dithiocarbamates, new thiocarbonylthio compounds have been applied in the RAFT polymerization of N-isopropylacrylamide.
Discovery of Potent Human Glutaminyl Cyclase Inhibitors as Anti-Alzheimer’s Agents Based on Rational Design (2017)

Glutaminyl cyclase (QC) has been implicated in the formation of toxic amyloid plaques by generating the N-terminal pyroglutamate of β-amyloid peptides (pGlu-Aβ) and thus may participate in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease (AD). We designed a library of glutamyl cyclase (QC) inhibitors based on the proposed binding mode of the preferred substrate, Aβ<sub>3E-42</sub>. An in vitro structure-activity relationship study identified several excellent QC inhibitors demonstrating 5- to 40-fold increases in potency compared to a known QC inhibitor. When tested in mouse models of AD, compound 212 significantly reduced the brain concentrations of pyroform Aβ and total Aβ and restored cognitive functions. This potent Aβ-lowering effect was achieved by incorporating an additional binding region into our previously established pharmacophoric model, resulting in strong interactions with the carboxylate group of Glu327 in the QC binding site. Our study offers useful insights in designing novel QC inhibitors as a potential treatment option for AD.
Detecting Insider Threats Using RADISH: A System for Real-Time Anomaly Detection in Heterogeneous Data Streams (2017)

We present a scalable system for high-throughput real-time analysis of heterogeneous data streams. Our architecture enables incremental development of models for predictive analytics and anomaly detection as data arrives into the system. In contrast with batch data-processing systems, such as Hadoop, that can have high latency, our architecture allows for ingest and analysis of data on the fly, thereby detecting and responding to anomalous behavior in near real time. This timeliness is important for applications such as insider threat, financial fraud, and network intrusions. We demonstrate an application of this system to the problem of detecting insider threats, namely, the misuse of an organization's resources by users of the system and present results of our experiments on a publicly available insider threat dataset.
Intruder detector: A continuous authentication tool to model user behavior (2016)

This paper presents techniques to continuously authenticate users as they interact with web-based software. Unique behavioral footprints, indicating patterns of use for groups of users, are captured from web server log files and integrated into an n-gram model. These statistical language models provide sequences and sub-sequences of user interaction, ordering, and temporal relationships. When users interact with web-based software, their stored usage profile is compared to their current interactions. Deviations may indicate malicious activity. We use our innovative tool, Intruder Detector (ID) to generate the profiles. Afterwards, we use various measures-of-effectiveness techniques to understand the feasibility of our approach. Our empirical study shows that session length and the prevalence of user data significantly affect the model's ability to correctly classify users.
Indoor location technology and its applications base on improved LANDMARC algorithm (2011)

Position sensing technology and its application is the prerequisite of The Internet of things. This paper mainly discussed the indoor positioning algorithm based on RFID target recognition. Compared to other positioning methods, RFID is advantageous for its non-contact and none-line-of-sight feature. RFID-based indoor positioning system LANDMARC most adjacent neighbor algorithm is a common indoor positioning algorithm, but its result has certain error. This paper introduces pseudo-absolute positioning algorithm and proposes an improved most adjacent neighbor algorithm to improve the precision of indoor positioning. The experiment proves that the improved algorithm has better positioning precision than the original method.
Insight into the effect of functional groups on visible-fluorescence emissions of graphene quantum dots (2016)

Various functional groups in graphene quantum dots may play critical roles in their fluorescent emissions, and different groups contribute to different light-emitting wavelengths.
Epigenetic silencing of RNA polymerase I transcription: a role for DNA methylation and histone modification in nucleolar dominance (1997)

Nucleolar dominance is an epigenetic phenomenon that describes nucleolus formation around rRNA genes inherited from only one progenitor of an interspecific hybrid or allopolyploid. The phenomenon is widespread, occurring in plants, insects, amphibians, and mammals, yet its molecular basis remains unclear. We have demonstrated nucleolar dominance in three allotetraploids of the plant genus Brassica. In Brassica napus, accurately initiated pre-rRNA transcripts from one progenitor, Brassica rapa are detected readily, whereas transcripts from the approximately 3000 rRNA genes inherited from the other progenitor, Brassica oleracea, are undetectable. Nuclear run-on confirmed that dominance is controlled at the level of transcription. Growth of B. napus seedlings on 5-aza-2'-deoxycytidine to inhibit cytosine methylation caused the normally silent, under-dominant B. oleracea rRNA genes to become expressed to high levels. The histone deacetylase inhibitors sodium butyrate and trichostatin A also derepressed silent rRNA genes. These results reveal an enforcement mechanism for nucleolar dominance in which DNA methylation and histone modifications combine to regulate rRNA gene loci spanning tens of megabase pairs of DNA.