gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A smart power converter module for buck applications operating at high input power factor (2003)

This paper proposes a single stage, single switch, isolated converter configuration using a hybrid combination of forward and flyback converters. The converter operates at a high input power factor with a regulated DC output voltage. It makes use of a novel control scheme combining the duty cycle and frequency control. Although frequency control is required, a continuous variable frequency control is not needed. The proposed configuration has the advantage of reduced peak current stresses on the devices and is specifically suited for 'buck' applications where low DC output voltages (e.g. 24 V, 48 V) are needed. The proposed configuration will be of specific interest to industries associated with battery charging and UPS systems. Keeping in view the wide industrial application it may have, the entire system is being integrated into a smart power module with the help of Advanced Power Technology-Europe (APTE). The theory of the proposed topology and the control scheme is discussed. Computer simulation results using PSPICE software are included. The details of the smart power module design and fabrication done at APTE, France, are presented as are the experimental results with a laboratory prototype.
Fuel-water vapor premix for low NO/sub x/ burning (1978)

John Zink Co.'s new method for burning fuels (particularly gases) with air greatly reduces the production of nitrogen oxides by premixing water vapor with the fuel prior to combustion. Because of the low retention of water vapor at low temperatures, the fuel is preheated before being sprayed with water so that it will take up enough water vapor to produce the desired NO/sub x/ reduction.
Two different device physics principles for operating MoS2 transistor biosensors with femtomolar-level detection limits (2015)

We experimentally identify two different physics principles for operating MoS2 transistor biosensors, which depend on antibody functionalization locations. If antibodies are functionalized on an insulating layer coated on a MoS2 transistor, antibody-antigen binding events mainly modify the transistor threshold voltage, which can be explained by the conventional capacitor model. If antibodies are directly grafted on the MoS2 transistor channel, the binding events mainly modulate the ON-state transconductance of the transistor, which is attributed to the antigen-induced disordered potential in the MoS2 channel. This work advances the device physics for simplifying the transistor biosensor structures targeting for femtomolar-level quantification of biomolecules.
Discovery and Characterization of Novel Selective Inhibitors of Carbonic Anhydrase IX (2014)

Human carbonic anhydrase IX (CA IX) is highly expressed in tumor tissues, and its selective inhibition provides a potential target for the treatment of numerous cancers. Development of potent, highly selective inhibitors against this target remains an unmet need in anticancer therapeutics. A series of fluorinated benzenesulfonamides with substituents on the benzene ring was designed and synthesized. Several of these exhibited a highly potent and selective inhibition profile against CA IX. Three fluorine atoms significantly increased the affinity by withdrawing electrons and lowering the pKa of the benzenesulfonamide group. The bulky ortho substituents, such as cyclooctyl or even cyclododecyl groups, fit into the hydrophobic pocket in the active site of CA IX but not CA II, as shown by the compound's co-crystal structure with chimeric CA IX. The strongest inhibitor of recombinant human CA IX's catalytic domain in human cells achieved an affinity of 50 pM. However, the high affinity diminished the selectivity. The most selective compound for CA IX exhibited 10 nM affinity. The compound that showed the best balance between affinity and selectivity bound with 1 nM affinity. The inhibitors described in this work provide the basis for novel anticancer therapeutics targeting CA IX.
Differentiation of antineutrophil nuclear antibodies in inflammatory bowel and autoimmune liver diseases from antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibodies (p-ANCA) using immunofluorescence microscopy (2001)

Perinuclear antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibodies (p-ANCA) directed against cytoplasmic proteins of neutrophils have been studied extensively in patients with systemic vasculitides. Recent data indicate that antineutrophil antibodies in sera from patients with chronic inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD) or autoimmune liver disorders, currently called 'atypical p-ANCA', recognize a nuclear target antigen, rendering the term 'ANCA' inaccurate. Specific microscopic criteria to distinguish atypical p-ANCA from p-ANCA are lacking. We used planar and confocal laser scanning indirect immunofluorescence microscopy to examine the labelling characteristics of ethanol-, methanol- and formaldehyde-fixed neutrophils by antineutrophil antibodies in 153 serum samples from patients with IBD, autoimmune liver disorders, systemic vasculitides or healthy blood donors. On ethanol- or methanol-fixed neutrophils, multiple intranuclear fluorescent foci together with either a rim-like peripheral nuclear staining ('type A') or a combined cytoplasmic and peripheral nuclear staining ('type B') was noted exclusively with atypical p-ANCA in sera from patients with IBD or autoimmune liver disorders. Intranuclear foci, which probably corresponded to invaginations of the nuclear envelope, were not labelled by p-ANCA from patients with microscopic polyangiitis or cytoplasmic ANCA (c-ANCA) from patients with Wegener's granulomatosis. On formaldehyde-fixed neutrophils, atypical p-ANCA gave a fine rim-like staining of the nuclear periphery, whereas ANCA diffusely labelled the cytoplasm. To distinguish reliably between the patterns produced by atypical p-ANCA or p-ANCA, particularly p-ANCA, careful indirect immunofluorescence microscopy on ethanol- as well as on formaldehyde-fixed neutrophils is necessary, with particular emphasis on the presence of multiple intranuclear fluorescent foci.
Dermoscopy diagnosis of cancerous lesions utilizing dual deep learning algorithms via visual and audio (sonification) outputs: Laboratory and prospective observational studies (2019)

Adding a second stage of processing, which includes a deep learning algorithm of sonification and heuristic inspection with machine learning, significantly improves diagnostic accuracy. A combined two-stage system is expected to assist clinical decisions and de-escalate the current trend of over-diagnosis of skin cancer lesions as pathological. FUND: Bostel Technologies. Trial Registration clinicaltrials.gov Identifier: NCT03362138.
Single channel reverberation suppression based on sparse linear prediction (2014)

Reverberation degrades speech intelligibility in telecommunications as well as it increases the word error rate in automatic speech recognition tasks. Several dereverberation methods have been proposed recently in order to counter these effects. In the single microphone case, the dereverberation problem is underdetermined and reverberation suppression approaches are preferred. In this paper we propose a novel method for single channel reverberation suppression. Late reverberation is estimated in the time-frequency domain as a sparse linear combination of previous frames. The predictors associated to the model are determined in a Lasso framework and a spectral subtraction filter is designed to produce the enhanced signal. This model does not require any additional information about the room acoustics and it is well suited for real-time applications. The method has state-of-the-art performance in terms of both reverberation suppression and spectral distortion.
Transfection of a retroviral construct carrying a non producer HIV-1 variant induces HIV-1 resistance in CD4+ CEMss cells. (1994)

The phenotype of Human Immunodeficiency Virus-1 (HIV)-infected HUT-78 cell clone (F12) has been described (Federico et al, AIDS Res Hum Retrov 1989; 5: 365-96). Briefly, F12 cells are: i) CD4 down-regulated, ii) non producer and iii) fully resistant to homologous superinfection. We tested whether this phenotype was dependent upon the expression of the HIV-1 genome integrated therein. The SstI/SstI F12 provirus was cloned and inserted in the pLj retroviral vector bearing the neomycin (neo)-Geneticine resistance gene. CD4+ HIV-susceptible CEMss cells were transfected with this construct in the sense orientation. Neo-resistant clones exhibited an integrated viral DNA, low viral mRNA expression and (as in F12 cells) the presence of uncleaved gp160, no gp41 and a small amount of p55 gag precursor. Superinfection of the F12/HIV-DNA-transfected CEMss clones showed that these CD4+ cells had acquired a significant (0.7-1.5 logs) resistance towards superinfection with HIV-1. This was observed in all four transfected clones where the F12/HIV DNA was expressed, but not in the control clone that was transfected with the pLj vector alone. These results confirm those that were obtained with human CD4+ CEMss cells infected with a recombinant retrovirus bearing the same SstI/SstI F12/HIV genome (Federico et al, J Gen Virol, 1993, in press). Both sets of results indicate that the expression of this genome in bio-engineered CD4+ human cells results in their intracellular immunization against HIV-1.
Fusion for Neutrons: A Realizable Fusion Neutron Source (2012)

For 60 years, fusion research has been focused on fusion for energy as the ultimate carbon-free solution to the world's energy problems. It is proving a worthy but difficult task. However, it is relatively easy to produce high-energy fusion neutrons. The many potential applications of a 14-MeV neutron source are outlined, and a range of existing designs for such a source, based on a D-T fuelled spherical tokamak (ST), are reviewed. It is shown that the problems of high build and operating costs can be eased by a small device super-compact fusion neutron source (SCFNS) of major radius ~ 0.5 m, which although operating at modest plasma performance can provide megawatt-level neutron output. This breakthrough is achieved via the effectiveness of beam-plasma fusion, which becomes dominant in these conditions. Such a device would provide a resolution of the uncertainties in fusion STs (such as start-up, ramp-up, and steady-state operation), be an effective neutron source for research, and be an ideal entry vehicle for development of more powerful neutron sources in the new objective of “fusion for neutrons.”
Online Oxygen Control for Sulfide Oxidation in Anaerobic Treatment of High Sulfate Wastewater (2005)

A new technique for sulfide control was investigated in an upflow-anaerobic filter (UAF) treating high-strength, sulfate-rich wastewater. The technique used periodic oxygen injection using oxidation-reduction potential (ORP) as a controlling parameter to regulate oxygen injection. The UAF was operated at a constant influent total-organic carbon of 6740 mg/L but with different influent sulfates of 1000, 3000, and 6000 mg/L. At 1000 and 3000 mg/L influent sulfates, the produced sulfide did not impose any inhibition to methane-producing bacteria (MPB). However, at 6000 mg/L influent sulfate, the produced dissolved sulfide of 804 mg S/L (free sulfide = 280 mg S/L) severely inhibited the methanogenesis, but not the sulfidogenesis. Upon oxygen injection at elevated ORP of -265 mV, sulfides were almost completely eliminated with a concomitant improvement in methane yield by 46%. If oxygenation was excessive because of an oversetting of ORP, the excess oxygen could be used rapidly by facultative heterotrophs, thereby protecting the MPB from oxygen stress. Regarding online sulfide oxidation, it was found that the biogas and injected oxygen needed to pass through an aqueous layer containing trace metals, which were found to have a significant catalytic effect on abiotic sulfide oxidation.
Multispectral iris fusion for enhancement, interoperability, and cross wavelength matching (2009)

Traditionally, only a narrow band of the Near-Infrared (NIR) spectrum (700-900nm) is utilized for iris recognition since this alleviates any physical discomfort from illumination, reduces specular reflections and increases the amount of texture captured for some iris colors. However, previous research has shown that matching performance is not invariant to iris color and can be improved by imaging outside of the NIR spectrum. Building on this research, we demonstrate that iris texture increases with the frequency of the illumination for lighter colored sections of the iris and decreases for darker sections. Using registered visible light and NIR iris images captured using a single-lens multispectral camera, we illustrate how physiological properties of the iris (e.g., the amount and distribution of melanin) impact the transmission, absorbance, and reflectance of different portions of the electromagnetic spectrum and consequently affect the quality of the imaged iris texture. We introduce a novel iris code, Multispectral Enhanced irisCode (MEC), which uses pixel-level fusion algorithms to exploit texture variations elicited by illuminating the iris at different frequencies, to improve iris matcher performance and reduce Failure-To-Enroll (FTE) rates. Finally, we present a model for approximating an NIR iris image using features derived from the color and structure of a visible light iris image. The simulated NIR images generated by this model are designed to improve the interoperability between legacy NIR iris images and those acquired under visible light by enabling cross wavelength matching of NIR and visible light iris images.
Multi-Layer Ensembling Techniques for Multilingual Intent Classification (2018)

In this paper we determine how multi-layer ensembling improves performance on multilingual intent classification. We develop a novel multi-layer ensembling approach that ensembles both different model initializations and different model architectures. We also introduce a new banking domain dataset and compare results against the standard ATIS dataset and the Chinese SMP2017 dataset to determine ensembling performance in multilingual and multi-domain contexts. We run ensemble experiments across all three datasets, and conclude that ensembling provides significant performance increases, and that multi-layer ensembling is a no-risk way to improve performance on intent classification. We also find that a diverse ensemble of simple models can reach perform comparable to much more sophisticated state-of-the-art models. Our best F 1 scores on ATIS, Banking, and SMP are 97.54%, 91.79%, and 93.55% respectively, which compare well with the state-of-the-art on ATIS and best submission to the SMP2017 competition. The total ensembling performance increases we achieve are 0.23%, 1.96%, and 4.04% F 1 respectively.
Video Frame Synthesis Using Deep Voxel Flow (2017)

We address the problem of synthesizing new video frames in an existing video, either in-between existing frames (interpolation), or subsequent to them (extrapolation). This problem is challenging because video appearance and motion can be highly complex. Traditional optical-flow-based solutions often fail where flow estimation is challenging, while newer neural-network-based methods that hallucinate pixel values directly often produce blurry results. We combine the advantages of these two methods by training a deep network that learns to synthesize video frames by flowing pixel values from existing ones, which we call deep voxel flow. Our method requires no human supervision, and any video can be used as training data by dropping, and then learning to predict, existing frames. The technique is efficient, and can be applied at any video resolution. We demonstrate that our method produces results that both quantitatively and qualitatively improve upon the state-of-the-art.
Sora: High Performance Software Radio Using General Purpose Multi-core Processors (Best Paper Award, Test-of-Time Award) (2009)

This paper presents Sora, a fully programmable software radio platform on commodity PC architectures. Sora combines the performance and fidelity of hardware SDR platforms with the programmability and flexibility of general-purpose processor (GPP) SDR platforms. Sora uses both hardware and software techniques to address the challenges of using PC architectures for highspeed SDR. The Sora hardware components consist of a radio front-end for reception and transmission, and a radio control board for high-throughput, low-latency data transfer between radio and host memories. Sora makes extensive use of features of contemporary processor architectures to accelerate wireless protocol processing and satisfy protocol timing requirements, including using dedicated CPU cores, large low-latency caches to store lookup tables, and SIMD processor extensions for highly efficient physical layer processing on GPPs. Using the Sora platform, we have developed a demonstration radio system called SoftWiFi. SoftWiFi seamlessly interoperates with commercial 802.11a/b/g NICs, and achieves equivalent performance as commercial NICs at each modulation.
Effects of quantization and overflow in recursive digital filters (1976)

A classification is given of the various possible nonlinear effects that can occur in recursive digital filters due to signal quantization and adder overflow. The effects include limit cycles, overflow oscillations, and quantization noise. A review is given of recent literature on this subject. Alternative methods of avoiding some of these nonlinear phenomena are discussed.
Stimulated Brillouin Scattering Suppression in Fiber Amplifiers via Chirped Diode Lasers (2011)

Abstract : We propose to simultaneously suppress stimulated Brillouin scattering (SBS) and enable coherent combination by seeding fiber amplifiers with a linearly-chirped diode laser. The seed spectrum will appear broadband to suppress the SBS, but the well-defined chirp will have sufficient coherence to allow the active phasing of multiple amplifiers. The phasing can be accomplished without strict optical path-length matching by interfering each amplifier's output with a reference, processing the resulting signal with a phase-locked loop, and using the error signal to drive an acousto-optic frequency shifter at the frontend of each fiber amplifier.
AUTHOR'S VIEW Genomic profile, smoking, and response to anti-PD-1 therapy in non-small cell lung carcinoma (2016)

The recent successes of immune checkpoint therapies have established a new era for the treatment of patients with cancer, yet the predictors of response remain largely undetermined. We recently demonstrated that the genomic landscape of lung cancers substantially influences the response to programmed cell death 1 receptor (PD-1) blockade, providing new insights into the molecular determinants of the response to immunotherapy. Patients with a lasting >6 months (termed durable clinical benefit or DCB) had a significantly higher mutation burden than those with no (NDB) (median 299 versus 127 mutations, p D 0.0008). Additionally, the rate of objective response, DCB, and progression-free sur- vival were all significantly greater in patients with an elevated mutation burden (59% versus 12%, p D 0.01; 79% versus 18%, p D 0.001; hazard ratio (HR) 0.19, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.08-0.47, respectively). As rates of DCB were similar in the 51-75th percentile (86%) and the 76-100th percentile (71%) of mutation burden in our cohort, the clinical correlation between mutation burden and response to PD-1 blockade appears to have a threshold effect. Thus, in the context of considering mutation burden as a potential biomarker, it may be feasible to identify a binary cut- point that efficiently identifies those patients most likely to ben- efit from PD-1 blockade. In our cohort, only one patient with a mutation burden <178 had DCB (8%) compared to 72% for patients with mutation burden � 178. We are currently per- forming additional larger prospective trials in patients with NSCLC who were treated with PD-1 blockade to determine exact mutational thresholds that associate with clinical to immunotherapy. We are also working to enhance the speed of bioinformatics processing of whole-exome sequencing and determination of mutational burden so that we can apply these genomic biomarkers as real-time predictive tools. Molecular smoking signature and from immunotherapy When considering the correlation between mutation burden and clinical from PD-1 blockade, a fundamental ques- tion arises: what biologic processes are responsible for the vari- ation in somatic mutations in NSCLC? It is known that the
Non-invasive in vivo determination of body surface and epicardial geometries for electrocardiographic imaging (2002)

The inverse problem in electrocardiography involves determining, noninvasively, epicardial potentials and activation isochrones from measured body surface potentials. Although much theoretical work and some preliminary clinical work has been done in this area. One major obstacle to bringing this technique into the clinical arena involves determining, noninvasively, body surface and epicardial surface geometry. Clinical procedures coupling body surface potential mapping (BSPM) with computer tomography (CT)-yielded body surface and epicardial geometries, as well as BSPM electrode position, in six healthy volunteers, accurately and reproducibly. As part of these procedures, CT scans localized electrode position on the body surface of a 224 electrode BSPM vest.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Bacterial Rhodopsin: Evidence for a New Type of Phototrophy in the Sea (2000)

Extremely halophilic archaea contain retinal-binding integral membrane proteins called bacteriorhodopsins that function as light-driven proton pumps. So far, bacteriorhodopsins capable of generating a chemiosmotic membrane potential in response to light have been demonstrated only in halophilic archaea. We describe here a type of rhodopsin derived from bacteria that was discovered through genomic analyses of naturally occuring marine bacterioplankton. The bacterial rhodopsin was encoded in the genome of an uncultivated gamma-proteobacterium and shared highest amino acid sequence similarity with archaeal rhodopsins. The protein was functionally expressed in Escherichia coli and bound retinal to form an active, light-driven proton pump. The new rhodopsin exhibited a photochemical reaction cycle with intermediates and kinetics characteristic of archaeal proton-pumping rhodopsins. Our results demonstrate that archaeal-like rhodopsins are broadly distributed among different taxa, including members of the domain Bacteria. Our data also indicate that a previously unsuspected mode of bacterially mediated light-driven energy generation may commonly occur in oceanic surface waters worldwide.
Fluid-Bed Studies of Olefin Production from Methanol (1987)

Studies at Mobil Research have shown that light olefins instead of gasoline can be made from methanol by modifying both the ZSM-5-type MTG (Methanol-to-Gasoline) catalyst and the operating conditions. Work carried out in micro-scale fluidizedbed reactors show that methanol can be completely converted to a mixture of hydrocarbons containing about 76 wt% C2-C5 olefins. The remaining hydrocarbons are 9% C1-C5 paraffins, of which the major component is isobutane, and 15% C6+, half of which is aromatic. It is likely that future commercialization of Methanolto-Olefins (MTO) will take place in a fluid-bed reactor for many of the same reasons which encouraged fluid-bed MTG development, including better temperature control and constant product composition. The olefins produced by this process can be readily converted to gasoline, distillate and/or aviation fuels by commercially available technologies such as Mobil's MOGD process. Scale-up of MTO has proceeded through bench-scale and 4 BPD pilot units and has been tested in a 100 BPD reactor.