gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Heavy physical exercise decreases nitric oxide levels in the nasal airways in humans (1997)

A continuous production of nitric oxide (NO) takes place in human nasal airways. NO in the nasal airways is mainly derived from the paranasal sinuses. The factors that regulate NO synthesis in the upper airways are presently not known. We have investigated the effects of physical exercise on NO levels in the nasal airways. Nasal cavity NO levels were measured by chemiluminescence technique in five healthy non-smoking male subjects before, during and after 5 min of maximal exercise (245 W) on an ergometer cycle. In addition, in one subject NO levels were measured directly in the maxillary sinus during exercise. Nasal cavity NO levels were decreased by 47% after only 1 min of exercise compared with the control situation. A maxima 76% reduction was found at the end of the exercise period and thereafter NO levels slowly increased, reaching basal levels again in about 15-20 min. NO levels in the sinus decreased in a similar manner during exercise. The decrease in nasal cavity NO levels cannot be explained merely by dilution of nasal air due to changes in nasal cavity volume or increased ventilation. We conclude that the excretion of NO in the nasal airways is decreased acutely during heavy short term physical exercise.
Morphology Controllable ZnO Growth on Facet-Controlled Epitaxial Lateral Overgrown GaN/Sapphire Templates (2007)

High-quality epitaxial ZnO layers grown on facet-controlled epitaxial lateral overgrown (FACELO) GaN/sapphire templates were achieved by an evaporation−physical transport−condensation method. The ZnO/FACELO GaN heterostructures showed a substantial improvement in the crystalline quality with a lower defect density and excellent photoluminescence emission. The effects of the growth temperature and oxygen flow rate on the morphology of ZnO were systematically studied. The determining factors for the formation of different morphologies were found to be gas-phase supersaturation and the surface energy of the growing planes. In addition, the lattice matching between the ZnO and GaN leads to the improvement of the electric and optical properties. With such kind of perfect ZnO/GaN heterostructure interfaces obtained on the semipolar (112̄2) surface, the new opportunities for the fabrication of hybrid ZnO/GaN optoelectronic devices on sapphire are proposed.
Adversarial Learning for Fine-grained Image Search (2018)

Fine-grained image search is still a challenging problem due to the difficulty in capturing subtle differences regardless of pose variations of objects from fine-grained categories. In practice, a dynamic inventory with new fine-grained categories adds another dimension to this challenge. In this work, we propose an end-to-end network, called FGGAN, that learns discriminative representations by implicitly learning a geometric transformation from multi-view images for fine-grained image search. We integrate a generative adversarial network (GAN) that can automatically handle complex view and pose variations by converting them to a canonical view without any predefined transformations. Moreover, in an open-set scenario, our network is able to better match images from unseen and unknown fine-grained categories. Extensive experiments on two public datasets and a newly collected dataset have demonstrated the outstanding robust performance of the proposed FGGAN in both closed-set and open-set scenarios, providing as much as 10% relative improvement compared to baselines.
P‐104: Positive Column Tubular PDP (2006)

Abstract Positive column gas discharge tubular PDP with increased luminous efficiency, higher sustain voltage capability and pre‐discharge sustain priming. High speed addressing uses address priming. Independent sustain/address, row address and column data electrodes are separate from sustaining electrodes. The sharing of address electrodes between adjacent rows reduces row drivers by 50%.
Metallurgical Factors Affecting the Formability of Cold-rolled High Strength Steel Sheets (1981)

The metallurgical factors affecting the press formability of cold rolled high strength steels are discussed and the properties of the following 40 kgf/mm2 class tensile strength steels are examined: dual phase steel consisting of a ferrite-martensite structure, produced by rapid cooling in a continuous annealing line, which has a very low yield to tensile strength ratio and high n-value; rephosphorized steel, which is a batch-annealed aluminum-killed steel hardened with phosphorus and manganese, having a high r-value and a relatively low yield strength; and a recently developed steel of extra deep drawing quality and high strength which is characterized by its extremely high r-value, over 2.0, and low yield strength. This can be produced by continuous annealing of niobium-stabilized, extra low carbon, phosphorus-bearing steel. The formability and brittleness of the steels are also examined.
Effect of serum proteins on osteoblast adhesion to surface‐modified bioactive glass and hydroxyapatite (1999)

Previous studies indicate that modification of the surface of porous bioactive glass promotes osteoblast function. We hypothesize that bone formation on treated bioactive glass is due to the selective adsorption of serum attachment proteins. To test this hypothesis, we examined the profile of proteins adsorbed to treated bioactive glass and compared these proteins with those adsorbed to untreated bioactive glass and porous hydroxyapatite. Porous bioactive glass was treated with Tris-buffered electrolyte solution to generate a calcium phosphate-rich surface layer and then immersed in tissue-culture medium containing 10% serum. Proteins adsorbed to the ceramic surfaces were analyzed by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and Western blot analysis. Porous hydroxyapatite bound a higher amount of total protein than did the other substrates. However, surface-modified porous bioactive glass adsorbed more fibronectin than did hydroxyapatite. The effect of serum-protein adsorption on osteoblast adhesion to bioactive glass and hydroxyapatite was also evaluated. Cell adhesion to porous bioactive glass that was surface-modified and serum-treated was significantly greater than to porous bioactive glass that was either surface-modified or serum-treated. Furthermore, cell adhesion to porous bioactive glass treated to form the dual layer of calcium phosphate and serum protein was significantly higher than adhesion to porous hydroxyapatite with adsorbed serum protein. Results of the study strongly suggest that adsorption of serum fibronectin to the surface of modified porous bioactive glass coated with calcium phosphate may be responsible for enhanced osteoblast adhesion.
Built-in self-test for multi-port RAMs (2002)

Most multi-port memory BIST algorithms treat the memory as multiple individual single-port memories and test each independently using the algorithms developed for single-port RAMs. A major problem with this approach is the lack of coverage for multi-port specific defects, such as inter-port interferences due to shorts across ports. This paper proposes a novel BIST algorithm for multi-port RAMs that detects both The conventional single-port faults as well as inter-port shorts. The proposed algorithm performs a conventional single-port test such as MARCH (1991) or SMARCH (1990) on one port of the memory and simultaneously performs an inter-port test on all other ports. The algorithm does not impose any extra test time and requires the addition of only a few gates to a conventional single-port BIST controller, independently of the size of the memory.
Excitation of epsilon-near-zero resonance in ultra-thin indium tin oxide shell embedded nanostructured optical fiber (2018)

We report a novel optical waveguide design of a hollow step index fiber modified with a thin layer of indium tin oxide (ITO). We show an excitation of highly confined waveguide mode in the proposed fiber near the wavelength where permittivity of ITO approaches zero. Due to the high field confinement within thin ITO shell inside the fiber, the epsilon-near-zero (ENZ) mode can be characterized by a peak in modal loss of the hybrid waveguide. Our results show that such in-fiber excitation of ENZ mode is due to the coupling of the guided core mode to the thin-film ENZ mode. We also show that the phase matching wavelength, where the coupling takes place, varies depending on the refractive index of the constituents inside the central bore of the fiber. These ENZ nanostructured optical fibers have many potential applications, for example, in ENZ nonlinear and magneto-optics, as in-fiber wavelength-dependent filters, and as subwavelength fluid channel for optical and bio-photonic sensing.
A methodology for current density calculations in high-frequency RF resonators (1997)

As nuclear magnetic resonance imaging and spectroscopy move inexorably toward higher field-strength magnets in search of improved signal-to-noise ratio, spectral resolution, and spatial resolution, the way in which radiofrequency (RF) probes are designed changes. At higher frequencies, resonant cavities become the favored RF “coil” type and may be built using streamline elements to reduce the inductance of the system. In modeling such systems, the quasi-static approach of assuming that current flows evenly in all conductor cross sections and that adjacent conductors do not affect each other becomes less reasonable. The proximity of RF conductors in resonators typically causes RF eddy currents to flow, whereby the current density in each rung is altered by the RF fields generated by nearby conductors. The proper understanding and prediction of how resonators will perform require a model of the current densities flowing in conducting sections, including all RF eddy current effects. Very few models of this type have been presented in the literature. This article presents an overview of one such model and of how it may be applied to a variety of resonators, both shielded and unshielded, circular, and elliptical, in cross section. Results are presented from a shielded head coil operating at 2 tesla. ©1997 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Concepts Magn Reson 9: 195–210, 1997
Holographically formed liquid‐crystal/polymer device for reflective color display (1994)

Abstract— A new optical device whose reflection intensity can be electrically controlled at specific wavelengths has been demonstrated. This device has a liquid‐crystal/polymer multilayer structure formed by holography. The diffraction efficiency for Ar‐laser light is about 70%. The reflection intensity can be electrically controlled with a response time of less than 1 ms.
A Glucose BioFuel Cell Implanted in Rats (2010)

Powering future generations of implanted medical devices will require cumbersome transcutaneous energy transfer or harvesting energy from the human body. No functional solution that harvests power from the body is currently available, despite attempts to use the Seebeck thermoelectric effect, vibrations or body movements. Glucose fuel cells appear more promising, since they produce electrical energy from glucose and dioxygen, two substrates present in physiological fluids. The most powerful ones, Glucose BioFuel Cells (GBFCs), are based on enzymes electrically wired by redox mediators. However, GBFCs cannot be implanted in animals, mainly because the enzymes they rely on either require low pH or are inhibited by chloride or urate anions, present in the Extra Cellular Fluid (ECF). Here we present the first functional implantable GBFC, working in the retroperitoneal space of freely moving rats. The breakthrough relies on the design of a new family of GBFCs, characterized by an innovative and simple mechanical confinement of various enzymes and redox mediators: enzymes are no longer covalently bound to the surface of the electron collectors, which enables use of a wide variety of enzymes and redox mediators, augments the quantity of active enzymes, and simplifies GBFC construction. Our most efficient GBFC was based on composite graphite discs containing glucose oxidase and ubiquinone at the anode, polyphenol oxidase (PPO) and quinone at the cathode. PPO reduces dioxygen into water, at pH 7 and in the presence of chloride ions and urates at physiological concentrations. This GBFC, with electrodes of 0.133 mL, produced a peak specific power of 24.4 microW mL(-1), which is better than pacemakers' requirements and paves the way for the development of a new generation of implantable artificial organs, covering a wide range of medical applications.
Structure interpretation of text formats (2020)

Data repositories often consist of text files in a wide variety of standard formats, ad-hoc formats, as well as mixtures of formats where data in one format is embedded into a different format. It is therefore a significant challenge to parse these files into a structured tabular form, which is important to enable any downstream data processing. We present Unravel, an extensible framework for structure interpretation of ad-hoc formats. Unravel can automatically, with no user input, extract tabular data from a diverse range of standard, ad-hoc and mixed format files. The framework is also easily extensible to add support for previously unseen formats, and also supports interactivity from the user in terms of examples to guide the system when specialized data extraction is desired. Our key insight is to allow arbitrary combination of extraction and parsing techniques through a concept called partial structures . Partial structures act as a common language through which the file structure can be shared and refined by different techniques. This makes Unravel more powerful than applying the individual techniques in parallel or sequentially. Further, with this rule-based extensible approach, we introduce the novel notion of re-interpretation where the variety of techniques supported by our system can be exploited to improve accuracy while optimizing for particular quality measures or restricted environments. On our benchmark of 617 text files gathered from a variety of sources, Unravel is able to extract the intended table in many more cases compared to state-of-the-art techniques.
A probabilistic approach for rate-distortion modeling of multiscale binary shape (2002)

The purpose of this paper it to explore the relationship between the rate-distortion (R-D) characteristics of multi scale binary shape and Markov Random Field (MRF) parameters. In our experiments, we consider two prior models. The first MRF model takes into account pair-wise interaction between pels, and for the binary case, is typically referred to as the auto-logistic model; the second MRF model accounts for higher order spatial interactions and is referred to as the Chien model. Experimental results indicate that the auto-logistic model is not sufficient to characterize the R-D characteristics of multi scale binary shape data. However, higher order models, such as the Chien model, do seem feasible. We propose to use the statistical moments of the Chien model as input to a neural network to accurately predict the rate and distortion of the binary shape when coded at various scales.
Rectangular waveguide shape folded patch antenna (2010)

In this work, an quasi-omnidirectionally radiating, compact, folded patch antenna in a rectangular waveguide shape is demonstrated, where the folded ground plane of the patch antenna creates an EMI protected enclosed space and it can be used for electronic circuit implementation with little EMI from the patch antenna. An analysis on the EMI of a rectangular structure in a high speed digital system is available [6]. The demonstrated antenna can be used for a variety of commercial, military and bio-medical applications such as a compact GPS and a wireless endoscope for gastro-intestine monitoring etc..
Electrical properties tomography: Available contrast and reconstruction capabilities (2018)

MR-based electrical properties tomography converts the MRI transmit/receive RF field measurements to tissue electrical property maps through dedicated reconstruction algorithms. Recent reports showed that despite limitations, electrical properties tomography holds promise for generating additional contrast for tumor detection and patient-specific modeling of tissue-RF field interactions. This review summarizes the available tissue electrical property contrasts and compares them with the capabilities of the most commonly used electrical properties tomography reconstruction method. Future directions and prospects of clinical translation are discussed.
Signal Normalization Reduces Image Appearance Disparity Among Multiple Optical Coherence Tomography Devices. (2017)

The signal normalization would enable direct OCT images comparisons without concerning about device differences and broaden OCT usage by enabling long-term follow-ups and data sharing.
Remaining Opportunities in Capacitive Power Transfer Based on Duality With Inductive Power Transfer (2022)

Wireless power transfer (WPT) has proven to be an effective solution for electric vehicle charging. As two mainstream near-field WPT technologies, inductive and capacitive power transfer (IPT and CPT) have many similarities. This article aims to explore the remaining opportunities in CPT systems, not yet reported in existing literature, based on duality with the mature IPT technology. First, a generic modeling method based on two-port network theory is proposed, which contributes to unified modeling and analysis for both inductive and capacitive couplings. Then, power transfer mechanism of IPT and CPT couplers is compared, and unified transfer efficiency is derived, promoting CPT theory developments. Last, the duality between existing IPT and CPT circuits is demonstrated in two aspects: compensation circuit configuration and resonant relationship. The 14 CPT topologies are derived based on duality with the existing seven mainstream IPT circuits, of which 11 circuits do not exist in literature, offering future opportunities in CPT. Detailed comparison and evaluation of the derived 14 CPT circuits are conducted, and high-performance circuits are recommended. As a demonstration, a case study of a 2.1-kW, 3-MHz CPT system is implemented in hardware based on the newly proposed <inline-formula xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$M_{1}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> -SS topology. This example system achieves a peak efficiency of 93.19% with the predicted circuit properties of load-independent constant-voltage (CV) output and zero-phase-angle (ZPA) property.
Contact-dependent suppression pathways in non-human primate Tregs expanded ex vivo in the presence of Rapamycin (141.36) (2009)

Abstract Regulatory T cell therapy offers a safe and effective alternative to achieve long-term graft survival by establishing a state of operational tolerance in the transplant recipient. Prior to use in human clinical trials, Treg therapy must be tested in non-human primate (NHP) pre-clinical models. To assess tolerogenic potential of Treg therapy, we used CD3/CD28 costimulation and frequent, low doses of IL-2 to expand natural CD4+CD25hi Tregs purified from NHP peripheral blood, with and without rapamycin. We achieved 500-800 fold expansion in 21 days and maintained high levels of CD25 and Foxp3.The ex vivo expanded Tregs were capable of inhibiting CD4 proliferation to anti-CD3 and allostimulation by 90%. Preliminary analyses of potential regulatory mechanisms employed by ex vivo expanded Tregs show high expression of CTLA4 and Granzyme B but little or no expression of TGF-b and IL-10 suggesting that these Tregs may function primarily through contact-dependent pathway. To our knowledge this is the first report of potential suppressive pathways used by ex vivo expanded NHP Tregs. Further investigations into suppressive molecules used by freshly isolated Tregs and whether ex vivo expansion selectively induced CTLA4 and Granzyme B are underway. These data establish the feasibility of using ex vivo expanded Tregs as part of a tolerogenic protocol in NHP model of islet transplantation.
Scheduling Hybrid WDM/TDM Passive Optical Networks With Nonzero Laser Tuning Time (2010)

Owing to the high bandwidth provisioning, hybrid wavelength division multiplexing/time division multiplexing (WDM/TDM) passive optical network (PON) is becoming an attractive future-proof access network solution. In hybrid WDM/TDM PON, tunable lasers are potential candidate light sources attributed to their multiwavelength provisioning capability and color-free property. Currently, the laser tuning time ranges from a few tens of nanoseconds to seconds, or even minutes, depending on the adopted technology. Different laser tuning time may introduce different network performance. To achieve small packet delay and ensure fairness, the schedule length for given optical network unit (ONU) requests is desired to be as short as possible. This paper illustrates contributions in four main aspects. First, we show that both preemptive and nonpreemptive scheduling problems with the objective of minimizing the schedule length are NP-hard when the laser tuning time is nonzero. Second, we present a heuristic preemptive scheduling algorithm with an approximation factor of at most 2 and a heuristic nonpreemptive scheduling algorithm with an approximation factor of at most 2-1/ <i xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">m</i> , where <i xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">m</i> is the number of wavelengths. Third, extensive simulations have been conducted, and simulation results show that our proposed algorithms, which consider laser tuning time, achieve significantly better performances as compared to algorithms that are directly derived from existing algorithms without considering laser tuning time. Fourth, since the scheduling in one cycle is related to that in the last cycle, we provide some discussions on the scheduling in multiple cycles.
Identification of Constituent Sugars of Polysaccharide Bioabsorbent from<i>Alcaligenes Latus</i> (1995)

Constituent sugars of the polysaccharide bioabsorbent from Alcaligenes latus B-16, which can hold water at more than 1000- fold (maximum 2000-fold) its own weight, were identified by three methods, gas chromatography, high-pressure liquid chromatography, and gas mass spectroscopy. This polysaccharide bioabsorbent is composed of four different sugars: glucose, rhamnose, fucose, and glucuronic acid. The molar ratio of the constituent sugars was: glucose: rhamnose: glucuronic acid: fucose = 1.8: 1.1: 1: 1.
Proof-of-Search: Combining Blockchain Consensus Formation With Solving Optimization Problems (2019)

To address the large amount of energy wasted by blockchains, we propose a decentralized consensus protocol for blockchains in which the computation can be used to search for good approximate solutions to any optimization problem. Our protocol allows the wasted energy to be used for finding approximate solutions to problems submitted by any nodes (called clients). Our protocol works in a similar way to proof-of-work, and it makes nodes evaluate a large number of solution candidates to add a new block to the chain. A client provides a search program that implements any search algorithm that finds a good solution by evaluating a large number of solution candidates. The node that finds the best approximate solution is rewarded by the client. Our analysis shows that the probability of a fork and the variance in the block time with our protocol are lower than those in proof-of-work.