gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Synthesis and Characterization of Hexagonal Boron Nitride Film as a Dielectric Layer for Graphene Devices (2012)

Hexagonal boron nitride (h-BN) is a promising material as a dielectric layer or substrate for two-dimensional electronic devices. In this work, we report the synthesis of large-area h-BN film using atmospheric pressure chemical vapor deposition on a copper foil, followed by Cu etching and transfer to a target substrate. The growth rate of h-BN film at a constant temperature is strongly affected by the concentration of borazine as a precursor and the ambient gas condition such as the ratio of hydrogen and nitrogen. h-BN films with different thicknesses can be achieved by controlling the growth time or tuning the growth conditions. Transmission electron microscope characterization reveals that these h-BN films are polycrystalline, and the c-axis of the crystallites points to different directions. The stoichiometry ratio of boron and nitrogen is close to 1:1, obtained by electron energy loss spectroscopy. The dielectric constant of h-BN film obtained by parallel capacitance measurements (25 μm(2) large areas) is 2-4. These CVD-grown h-BN films were integrated as a dielectric layer in top-gated CVD graphene devices, and the mobility of the CVD graphene device (in the few thousands cm(2)/(V·s) range) remains the same before and after device integration.
Surface Quality Enhancement of Fused Deposition Modeling (FDM) Printed Samples Based on the Selection of Critical Printing Parameters (2018)

The present paper shows an experimental study on additive manufacturing for obtaining samples of polylactic acid (PLA). The process used for manufacturing these samples was fused deposition modeling (FDM). Little attention to the surface quality obtained in additive manufacturing processes has been paid by the research community. So, this paper aims at filling this gap. The goal of the study is the recognition of critical factors in FDM processes for reducing surface roughness. Two different types of experiments were carried out to analyze five printing parameters. The results were analyzed by means of Analysis of Variance, graphical methods, and non-parametric tests using Spearman's <i>ρ</i> and Kendall's τ correlation coefficients. The results showed how layer height and wall thickness are the most important factors for controlling surface roughness, while printing path, printing speed, and temperature showed no clear influence on surface roughness.
Methyl bromide as a microbicidal fumigant for tree nuts (1977)

Methyl bromide (MeBr) has broad microbicidal activity, but its use as a disinfectant for food is limited by the resulting bromide residues. Increasing the MeBr concentration, exposure temperature, or exposure period of a treatment tended to increase both the microbicidal efficacy of MeBr and the bromide residues. Its sporicidal activity was less at high than at low relative humidity within the range of 20 to 99%. Both the efficacy and the resulting residues of a MeBr treatment varied inversely with the load of product in a fumigation chamber due to sorption of the fumigant. Fumigation tests with almond kernels inoculated with Escherichia coli or Salmonella typhimurium indicated that MeBr can be used to disinfect whole nut kernels without resulting in excessive bromide residues, although the MeBr level necessary is higher than that normally used for insect control.
Modified Oligonucleotides as Tools for Allele-Specific Amplification (2007)

Allele-specific polymerase chain reaction (PCR), a method that reports nucleotide variations through either the presence or the absence of a DNA product obtained through PCR amplification, holds the promise to combine target amplification and analysis in one single step. Recently, it has been reported that the selectivity of allele-specific PCR can be significantly increased through the employment of chemically modified primer probes. Here, we report on significant developments of primer probe design and synthesis along this line.
LONG-TERM COMPLETE REMISSION AND IMMUNE TOLERANCE AFTER INTENSIVE CHEMOTHERAPY FOR LYMPHOPROLIFERATIVE DISORDERS COMPLICATING LIVER TRANSPLANT1 (1999)

High-dose-intensity chemotherapy may be effective in the treatment of monoclonal LPD, as well as in the induction of immune tolerance for the prevention of allograft rejection and LPD recurrence.
Effect of the Pore-Size Distribution of Lime on the Reactivity for the Removal of SO<sub>2</sub> in the Presence of High-Concentration CO<sub>2</sub> at High Temperature (2002)

To develop a SO2 sorbent that is highly reactive in the presence of high concentrations of CO2 at high temperature, the effect of the pore-size distribution on the reactivity was investigated at 800 °C using a natural limestone, natural lime, modified macroporous lime, and limestone. The modified lime samples were prepared from a kind of natural lime by water−acetic acid swelling and water swelling methods. The modified limestone was prepared from the modified lime by carbonation. Pores smaller than ca. 200 nm in the modified lime and natural lime virtually disappeared, and pores larger than ca. 200 nm also considerably decreased in pore size after carbonization. The reactivity of the modified limestone depended on the degree of development of pores larger than 200 nm, because the macropores provided a diffusion route for SO2 in the sorbent during sulfation.
Cultures of sustainability (2010)

In our research, we have been expanding our conceptual and methodological frames of reference as designers, in order to explore the complexity of factors involved in environmental sustainability and the consequent challenges posed for design research. In this paper, we discuss some of these issues in user-centered and sustainable design, drawing out and developing relations to concepts from other fields of study, such as the sociology of consumption and material culture. In order to better understand the role that (sustainable) design products might play within peoples everyday lives and lifestyles, we interpret and discuss notions of socio-cultural practices of consumption and frame an approach to studying peoples ways of doing with artifacts. We point to two examples from our previous research on designing for energy awareness and for sustainable bathing practices. A current study is presented in depth, in which families and singles, resident in The Netherlands but originating from different countries, have been observed and interviewed during preparation of a meal, eating and clearing up afterwards. Through studying and reflecting on the different ways of doing cooking, we gained insights into how cooking and a range of associated practices and artifacts are deeply embedded in traditions, meanings and aspirations. Issues of environmental consumption, such as water, energy and waste, are at stake in such design research but, as we argue, so is attention and sensitivity to how these are interwoven in meaningful socio-cultural practices. The setup and findings are presented, as a point of departure for raising conceptual and methodological questions to be developed in future work.
Role of nitric oxide in reactive hyperemia in human forearm vessels. (1994)

Our results suggest that NO plays a minimal role in vasodilation at peak RH but plays a modest yet significant role in maintaining vasodilation after peak vasodilation. Our results also suggest that reactive hyperemia in human forearms is caused largely by mechanisms other than NO.
0.2-μm n-channel and p-channel MOSFETs integrated on oxidation-planarized twin-tubs (1996)

In CMOS circuits, for the purpose of isolation, n- and p-channel MOSFETs are normally fabricated on two separate Si areas doped opposite to the n- and p-MOSFETs, respectively. The two Si areas are called twin-tubs. In the conventional CMOS processes, the tub boundaries have a topography height, t/sub tub/, which varies from 100 to 200 nm. With such t/sub tub/, the current I-line lithography tools encounter severe difficulties when printing transistors with dimensions below 0.35 μm. In order to have good dimension control, while not making a major deviation from the conventional process sequence, we seek planarization of the tub boundaries. By utilizing the difference in Si oxidation rates in the linear and parabolic regimes, t/sub tub/ is reduced to 20 nm or less. MOSFETs with 0.3-μm physical lengths and 0.2-μm effective channel lengths are integrated on the planarized twin-tubs. We will discuss the transistor IV and the optimized process parameters which include implant conditions, tub profiles, doping concentrations, temperatures, oxidation times, and oxide thicknesses.
Nonorganic Failure to Thrive: A Pedia Tric Social Illness (1986)

Nonorganic failure to thrive is a pediatric social illness that can be treated in the home if it is identified early. Factors that contribute to this illness are varied but it is often the result of a faulty maternal-child interaction. In order to determine if the child's condition is organic or inorganic, several parameters need to be explored. Assessment factors and rationale are provided to assist in the evaluation of the child and family so that effective management can be instituted.
Enabling on-body transmissions with commodity devices (2016)

We show for the first time that commodity devices can be used to generate wireless data transmissions that are confined to the human body. Specifically, we show that commodity input devices such as fingerprint sensors and touchpads can be used to transmit information to only wireless receivers that are in contact with the body. We characterize the propagation of the resulting transmissions across the whole body and run experiments with ten subjects to demonstrate that our approach generalizes across different body types and postures. We also evaluate our communication system in the presence of interference from other wearable devices such as smartwatches and nearby metallic surfaces. Finally, by modulating the operations of these input devices, we demonstrate bit rates of up to 50 bits per second over the human body.
Measures of propinquity (1988)

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2-Hydroxy-<i>N</i>-(2-pyridyl)benzamide (2006)

The molecule of the title compound, C 12 H 10 N 2 O 2 , is nearly planar, with a dihedral angle of 3.7 (2)° between the planes of the benzene and pyridine rings. Molecules are linked by intermolecular O—H...N and C—H...O hydrogen bonds, as well as possible C—H...π interactions, forming a two-dimensional zigzag hydrogen-bonded network.
Acoustic theory of axisymmetric multisectioned ducts (1974)

Equations are developed for the acoustic field in a duct system which is made up of a number of connected circular and annular ducts. These equations are suitable for finding the acoustic field inside of and radiated from an aircraft turbofan engine. Acoustic modes are used as generalized coordinates in order to develop a set of matrix equations for the acoustic field. Equations for these modes are given for circular and annular ducts with uniform flow. Modal source equations are derived for point acoustic sources. General equations for mode transmission and reflection are developed and detailed equations are derived for ducts with multiple sections of acoustic treatment and for ducts with circumferential splitter rings. The general theory is applied to the special case of a uniform area circular duct with multisection liners and it is shown that the mode reflection effects are proportional to differences of the acoustic admittances of adjacent liners. A numerical example is given which shows that multisection liners may provide greater noise suppression than uniform liners.
Reduction of membrane potential, an immediate effect of colicin K. (1978)

Colicin K causes a rapid and drastic reduction of the membrane potential of Escherichia coli cells, as measured by the uptake of the lipophilic cation triphenylmethylphosphonium. The colicin causes no major changes in the pH gradient, as measured by the uptake of butyric acid. The decrease in membrane potential following addition of colicin K to the cells is a prompt response that parallels or precedes known physiological effects such as efflux of accumulated substrates. Hence the loss of membrane potential qualifies as the primary action by which the colicin uncouples membrane-associated function from respiration. Certain peculiarities of bacterial cells pretreated with EDTA in their response to uncoupling agents and lipophilic ions are described.
Grafting Polyimides from Nanodiamonds (2008)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVCommunication to the...Communication to the EditorNEXTGrafting Polyimides from NanodiamondsQingxin Zhang, Kimiyoshi Naito, Yoshihisa Tanaka, and Yutaka KagawaView Author Information Research Center for Advanced Science and Technology (RCAST), the University of Tokyo, 4-6-1, Komaba, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 153-8904, Japan, and Composites and Coatings Center, National Institute for Materials Science (NIMS), Sengen, Tsukuba 305-0047, Japan Cite this: Macromolecules 2008, 41, 3, 536–538Publication Date (Web):January 16, 2008Publication History Received11 October 2007Revised6 December 2007Published online16 January 2008Published inissue 1 February 2008https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ma702268xhttps://doi.org/10.1021/ma702268xrapid-communicationACS PublicationsCopyright © 2008 American Chemical SocietyRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views1214Altmetric-Citations74LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (1)»Supporting Information Supporting Information SUBJECTS:Carbon,Carbon nanomaterials,Nanocrystals,Nanoparticles,Polyimides Get e-Alerts
Airborne transmission of respiratory viruses (2021)

The COVID-19 pandemic has revealed critical knowledge gaps in our understanding of and a need to update the traditional view of transmission pathways for respiratory viruses. The long-standing definitions of droplet and airborne transmission do not account for the mechanisms by which virus-laden respiratory droplets and aerosols travel through the air and lead to infection. In this Review, we discuss current evidence regarding the transmission of respiratory viruses by aerosols-how they are generated, transported, and deposited, as well as the factors affecting the relative contributions of droplet-spray deposition versus aerosol inhalation as modes of transmission. Improved understanding of aerosol transmission brought about by studies of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection requires a reevaluation of the major transmission pathways for other respiratory viruses, which will allow better-informed controls to reduce airborne transmission.
Characterization of Exocellular Protein and Its Role in Bioflocculation (1997)

The relationship between exocellular biopolymer concentration and cation concentration was examined using laboratory scale activated sludge reactors with bactopeptone as a feed. An increase in the divalent cation concentration in the feed to the reactors was associated with an increase in the bound exocellular protein concentration, and high sodium concentrations resulted in a decrease in the bound protein concentration. The changes in bound biopolymer were explained according to the cation bridging model. Incubation of a laboratory activated sludge with a proteolytic enzyme resulted in deflocculation of the suspension as measured by an increase in the number of particles in the 5–40 μm range, which suggested that the exocellular protein was strongly involved in the aggregation of bacteria into flocs. SDS PAGE results revealed the presence of a single protein in the exocellular biopolymer extract from municipal, industrial, and laboratory activated sludge samples. The molecular weight of the protein was approximately 15 daltons. Amino acid analysis and amino acid sequencing results suggested the protein was a lectinlike protein, and binding site inhibition studies demonstrated that the protein had lectinlike activity.
Past, Present and Future: SiGe and CMOS Transistor Scaling (2010)

Abstract not Available.
A Fast and Accurate Method for Phase Angle Autocalibration in the Stable Source of AC Voltage and Current (2006)

The paper describes a new method for fast and accurate autocalibration of the phase angle between the two channels in the stable source of AC voltage and current using a slight modification of the asynchronous sampling method which has already been used for measurement of voltage and current with very good results. Mathematical background and results of measurement are included in the paper. Using the proposed method for phase angle calibration the two-channel source of AC voltage and current can serve as a high-performance calibrator for AC quantities such as voltage, current, power, phase angle / power factor etc.
Laser-induced permanent electrical conductivity in insulating metal-polymer composites (1996)

Laser induced permanent electrical conductivity was observed in polyimide and in initially non-conducting Ag/polyimide composites using the fourth harmonic of a Q-switched Nd:YAG laser. The critical number of laser pulses required for the metal-insulator phase transition in polyimide was less than 100, compared to the 300-350 pulses required when using a KrF excimer laser. The presence of the Ag in the composite contributed to the conducting volume fraction in the material and therefore further lowered the critical number of laser pulses to less than 50. These experiments represent a unique experimental demonstration of 'two-color' percolation, in which percolation occurs with two different types of conductors.
Promoter Methylation Inhibits <b> <i>APC</i> </b> Gene Expression by Causing Changes in Chromatin Conformation and Interfering with the Binding of Transcription Factor CCAAT-Binding Factor (2004)

As an important regulator in Wnt-signaling pathway, the APC gene is involved in apoptosis and cell cycle arrest. The loss of APC function is observed in most familial adenomatous polyposis-associated and sporadic colorectal cancer. APC gene is frequently inactivated by DNA mutations. However, hypermethylation in APC gene promoter was also observed in different cancers. In this study, by analyzing the methylation status of APC promoter in 22 colorectal cancer cell lines with different APC expression levels, we identified Regions A and B in the promoter, where the methylation of CpG sites was invariably correlated with the loss of gene expression. By nuclease accessibility assay, we also observed a correlation between the closed chromatin conformation in APC promoter and loss of gene expression. When the nonexpressing cell lines were treated with a DNA methyltransferase inhibitor, 5-Aza-2'-Deoxycytidine, the APC expression in these cells was induced, CpG sites were demethylated, and closed chromatin conformation was opened. However, when these cell lines were treated with a histone deacetylase inhibitor, Trichostatin A, no significant changes in APC expression, methylation status, and chromatin conformation were observed. Using transient transfection assay, a CCAAT box located in Region B was identified, which was involved in up-regulation of APC expression. Methylation of CpG sites around the CCAAT box resulted in a significant inhibition in the gene expression. The specific binding of a transcription factor CCAAT-binding factor (CBF) to the CCAAT box was determined by electrophoretic mobility shift analysis. The binding was inhibited after CpG sites close to the CCAAT box were methylated, indicating that DNA methylation can silence gene expression through interfering with the binding of transcription factors to the promoter. The biological function of CBF in APC gene regulation was further indicated by the decrease of luciferase activities in cells cotransfected with a plasmid carrying APC promoter/luciferase gene and a plasmid expressing dominant negative CBF mutant. In summary, methylation of CpG sites around CCAAT box in APC promoter inhibits the gene expression by changing the chromatin conformation and interfering with the binding of transcription factor CBF to CCAAT box.
Mandibular Reconstruction with the Titanium Hollow Screw Reconstruction Plate (THORP) System (1988)

The titanium hollow screw reconstruction plate (THORP) system for reconstruction of lower jaw defects provides a functional stable fixation and is used as a long-term or permanent implant in tumor surgery and in traumatology. The rigid fixation of the head of the screw to the plate, avoiding unphysiologic loads to the bone underneath the plate, and the titanium plasma-coated perforated hollow screws, enabling the development of direct bone-titanium contact as well as the ingrowth of bone into the lumen and perforations, are the major advantages of this system compared to conventional systems. The different surgical methods, such as preservation of the condylar process with only two screws, intraoperative freely adjustable condylar prosthesis, lingual application of the plate, and primary bone transplantation, are described. The evaluation of 62 patients reconstructed with the THORP system between 1981 and 1986 revealed no plate loosening, even in irradiated bone, and showed satisfactory aesthetic and functional results.