gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Intelligent Forwarding Strategy Based on Online Machine Learning in Named Data Networking (2016)

The content-oriented model of Named Data Networking (NDN) allows consumers to pay more attention to the targeting data itself instead of the location of where the data is stored. Different from IP, NDN has a unique feature that forwarding plane enables each router to select the next forwarding hop independently without relying on routing. Therefore, forwarding strategies play a significant role for adaptive and efficient data transmission in NDN. Existing forwarding strategies are not smart enough to cope with the complexity of network and diversity of application demands. This paper presents an intelligent forwarding strategy, which integrates online machine learning method into the optimization of interface probabilities during forwarding process. Originally, a probabilistic binary tree structure is proposed to abstract the forwarding process as a path selection process traversing from the root node to the leaf node, which provides theoretical support for machine learning and reduces the complexity of forwarding process. In addition, we improved our strategy to prevent the convergence into limited local optimal solution by adopting the idea of simulated an nealing. Experimental results show that the proposed strategy can reduce time complexity, as well as achieve higher throughput, better load balance and lower packet drop rates in comparison with other existing forwarding strategies. The drop rates are reduced by 60% and 34% respectively in different scenarios compared with BestRoute, a strategy widely used in NDN.
17α-Estradiol Exerts Neuroprotective Effects on SK-N-SH Cells (1997)

Estradiol (E2) has been shown to exert organizational, neurotrophic, and neuroprotective effects in the CNS. The present study assessed the specificity of the neuroprotective effects of estradiol for the potent 17 beta-isomer. SK-N-SH cells from a human neuroblastoma cell line, which we have shown to be estrogen-responsive, were cultured at low or high plating density. Then cells were exposed to 17 beta-E2 (0.2 or 2 nM), 17 alpha-E2 (0.2 or 2 nM), or cholesterol, testosterone, dihydrotestosterone, progesterone, or corticosterone (all at 2 nM). Cultures were insulted by serum deprivation, which caused a profound loss of cells. At 1 or 2 d of serum deprivation and steroid hormone replacement, the protection afforded cells by the steroid addition was assessed. Serum deprivation killed approximately 90% of cells cultured at both low and high plating density. Both 17 alpha- and 17 beta-E2 provided protection of SK-N-SH cells at either plating density. Further, a 10-fold molar excess of tamoxifen antagonized only approximately one-third of the neuroprotective effects of either isomer of estradiol, and a 100-fold excess of tamoxifen had no additional effect on the neuroprotection by 17 beta-E2. By contrast, none of the other steroids tested protected cells from the insult of serum deprivation. These results indicate that the neuroprotective effects of estrogens are not attributable to the general steroid structure, and the majority of the neuroprotection may not be mediated via a tamoxifenantagonized receptor mechanism.
Development and Application of Yeast and Phage Display of Diverse Lanthipeptides (2018)

Peptide display has enabled identification and optimization of ligands to many targets. These ligands are usually linear or disulfide-containing peptides that are vulnerable to proteolysis or reduction. We report yeast surface and phage display of lanthipeptides, macrocyclic ribosomally synthesized and post-translationally modified peptides (RiPPs). Lanthipeptides contain multiple thioether cross-links that bestow their biological activities. We developed C-terminal yeast display of the class II lanthipeptides lacticin 481 and haloduracin β, and randomization of the C-ring of the former was used to select tight binders to αvβ3 integrin. This represents the first examples of bacterial RiPP production in <i>Saccharomyces cerevisiae</i> for identification of variants with new biological activities. We also report N-terminal phage display of the class I lanthipeptide nisin and randomization of its A- and B-rings to enrich binders to a small molecule, lipid II. The successful display and randomization of both class I and II lanthipeptides demonstrates the versatility and potential of RiPP display.
Complementary Barrier Infrared Detector (CBIRD) Contact Methods (2013)

The performance of the CBIRD detector is enhanced by using new device contacting methods that have been developed. The detector structure features a narrow gap adsorber sandwiched between a pair of complementary, unipolar barriers that are, in turn, surrounded by contact layers. In this innovation, the contact adjacent to the hole barrier is doped n-type, while the contact adjacent to the electron barrier is doped p-type. The contact layers can have wider bandgaps than the adsorber layer, so long as good electrical contacts are made to them. If good electrical contacts are made to either (or both) of the barriers, then one could contact the barrier(s) directly, obviating the need for additional contact layers. Both the left and right contacts can be doped either n-type or ptype. Having an n-type contact layer next to the electron barrier creates a second p-n junction (the first being the one between the hole barrier and the adsorber) over which applied bias could drop. This reduces the voltage drop over the adsorber, thereby reducing dark current generation in the adsorber region.
Block spreading CDMA system: a simplified scheme using despreading before equalisation for broadband uplink transmission (2009)

A block-spreading code division multiple access (BS-CDMA) system is proposed for broadband uplink transmission, giving rise to a significantly improved multiuser performance without using complex multiuser detection techniques. This is because the code orthogonality is easily maintained when channel variation across the consecutive blocks, in a block-by-block high-speed transmission, is negligible. The proposed system uses frequency domain equalisation at the receiver to combat multipath interference efficiently over frequency selective fading channels. We propose despreading before equalisation, which reduces the frequency domain process to symbol-wise operation. A cell-specific scrambling code is employed to suppress other-cell interference for uplink transmission in a multicell system. Our analytical and simulation studies show that the proposed BS-CDMA system has superior multiuser performance over the conventional direct sequence CDMA and cyclic prefix CDMA systems for uplink transmission.
Preclinical metrics to predict through-focus visual acuity for pseudophakic patients (2016)

This study compares the clinical through-focus visual acuity (VA) in patients implanted with different intraocular lens (IOL) to optical bench testing of the same IOLs to evaluate the suitability of optical metrics of predicting clinical VA. Modulation transfer function and phase transfer function for different spatial frequencies and US Air Force pictures were measured using an optical bench for two monofocal IOLs, three multifocal IOLs and an extended range of vision IOL. Four preclinical metrics were calculated and compared to the clinical through-focus VA collected in three different clinical studies (243 patients in total). All metrics were well correlated (R(2)≥0.89) with clinical data and may be suitable for predicting through-focus VA in pseudophakic eyes.
High-frame-rate A-mode ultrasound for calibration-free cuffless carotid pressure: feasibility study using lower body negative pressure intervention (2022)

The study demonstrated the method's potential for providing cuffless and calibration-free pressure measurements while reliably capturing the physiological aspects, such as PP amplification and dynamic pressure responses to intervention.
Canady Helios Cold Plasma Induces Breast Cancer Cell Death by Oxidation of Histone mRNA (2021)

Breast cancer is the most common cancer among women worldwide. Its molecular receptor marker status and mutational subtypes complicate clinical therapies. Cold atmospheric plasma is a promising adjuvant therapy to selectively combat many cancers, including breast cancer, but not normal tissue; however, the underlying mechanisms remain unexplored. Here, four breast cancer cell lines with different marker status were treated with Canady Helios Cold Plasma™ (CHCP) at various dosages and their differential progress of apoptosis was monitored. Inhibition of cell proliferation, induction of apoptosis, and disruption of the cell cycle were observed. At least 16 histone mRNA types were oxidized and degraded immediately after CHCP treatment by 8-oxoguanine (8-oxoG) modification. The expression of DNA damage response genes was up-regulated 12 h post-treatment, indicating that 8-oxoG modification and degradation of histone mRNA during the early S phase of the cell cycle, rather than DNA damage, is the primary cause of cancer cell death induced by CHCP. Our report demonstrates for the first time that CHCP effectively induces cell death in breast cancer regardless of subtyping, through histone mRNA oxidation and degradation during the early S phase of the cell cycle.
Neural Stem Cell Biology May Be Well Suited for Improving Brain Tumor Therapies (2003)

Neural stem cells (NSCs) are capable of tremendous migratory potential to areas of pathology in the central nervous system. When implanted into a diseased or injured nervous system, NSCs can travel through great distances to and engraft within areas of discrete as well as diffuse abnormalities. Engraftment is often followed by integration into the local neural milieu, accompanied by stable gene expression from the NSCs. In addition, the pluripotency of NSCs endows them with the capability to replace diseased tissues in an appropriate manner. Recent evidence has also suggested that engrafted exogenous NSCs may have effects on the surrounding microenvironment, such as promoting protection and/or regeneration of host neural pathways. These characteristics of NSCs would seem to make them ideal agents for the treatment of various central nervous system pathologies, especially brain tumors. Brain tumors are generally difficult to treat because of the unique location of the lesions. In primary gliomas, the extensive infiltrative nature of the tumor cells presents a challenge for their effective and total eradication, hence the high rate of treatment failure and disease recurrence. In addition, normal brain structures are distorted and are often destroyed by the growing neoplasm. Even with effective therapy to surgically resect and destroy the neoplastic tissues, the brain is still injured, which often leaves the patient in a debilitated state. The unique ability of NSCs to "home in" on tumor cells followed by the delivery of a desired gene product makes the NSC a very promising agent in brain tumor therapy. Cytolytic viruses and genes coding for anti-tumor cytokines, pro-drug converting enzymes, and various neurotrophic factors have all been engineered into engraftable NSCs for delivery to tumors. When they are specially tagged, such injected NSCs can be visualized with the use of novel imaging techniques and tracked in vivo within living animals over real time. If the NSCs were also capable of participating in the subsequent repair and regeneration of the tumor-afflicted brain-at present a potential but as-yet-unproven aspect of this intervention-then its role in abetting anti-tumor therapy would be complete. It is important to emphasize, however, that the use of NSCs is adjunctive and is not a replacement for other therapies that should be used in parallel.
Graft polymerization of acrylonitrile onto starch‐coated polyethylene film surfaces (2003)

Abstract Starch‐coated polyethylene (PE) films were prepared by immersing PE in a hot, jet cooked solution of starch. They were allowed to react with acrylonitrile (AN) in the presence of ceric ammonium nitrate initiator, and the graft polymerization that occurred produced starch‐ g ‐polyacrylonitrile (PAN) coatings that contained about 25 wt % grafted PAN. The starch‐ g ‐PAN coatings tightly adhered to the PE film surfaces. When grafted starch coatings were wetted with water and the surfaces vigorously rubbed, less than 20% of the coating was removed. The fact that PAN‐grafted coatings were not removed with boiling water provided further evidence for their strong adherence. When starch was removed from the coating by acid hydrolysis, the residual grafted PAN still remained adsorbed on the PE surface. Because the grafted coating was completely removed by treatment with refluxing 0.7 N sodium hydroxide, there is apparently no chemical bonding between starch‐ g ‐PAN and PE. The dimensional changes associated with the evaporation of water from these PAN‐grafted coatings caused the films to curl during drying. Because the final shape of these coated films depends upon the presence or absence of water in the surrounding environment, these films may be considered to be a type of stimulus‐responsive polymer. Attempts to graft polymerize methyl methacrylate and methyl acrylate onto starch‐coated PE surfaces, under conditions similar to those used with AN, were unsuccessful. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 89: 3323–3328, 2003
Estimating ionospheric reflection height from Doppler measurements (1977)

A method is described which allows estimating an ionospheric reflection height from Doppler measurements made over an oblique CW radio transmission. This method requires the presence of multihop signals. The assumptions pertaining to the method's validity are delineated and an example is illustrated.
Organ Surface Deformation Measurement and Analysis in Open Hepatic Surgery: Method and Preliminary Results From 12 Clinical Cases (2011)

The incidence of soft tissue deformation has been well documented in neurosurgical procedures and is known to compromise the spatial accuracy of image-guided surgery systems.Within the context of image-guided liver surgery (IGLS), no detailed method to study and analyze the observed organ shape change between preoperative imaging and the intra-operative presentation has been developed. Contrary to the studies of deformation in neurosurgical procedures, the majority of deformation in IGLS is imposed prior to resection and due to laparotomy and mobilization. As such, methods of analyzing the organ shape change must be developed to use the intra-operative data (e.g. laser range scan (LRS) surfaces) acquired with the organ in its fully deformed shape. To achieve this end we use a signed closest point distance deformation metric computed after rigid alignment of the intra-operative LRS data with organ surfaces generated from the preoperative tomograms. The rigid alignment between the intra-operative LRS surfaces and pre-operative image data was computed with a feature weighted surface registration algorithm. In order to compare the deformation metrics across patients, an inter-patient non-rigid registration of the pre-operative CT images was performed. Given the inter-patient liver registrations, an analysis was performed to determine the potential similarities in the distribution of measured deformation between patients for which similar procedures had been performed. The results of the deformation measurement and analysis indicates the potential for soft tissue deformation to compromise surgical guidance information and suggests a similarity in imposed deformation among similar procedure types.
Micromachined electron tunneling infrared sensors (1993)

The development of an improved Golay cell is reported. This new sensor is constructed entirely from micromachined silicon components. A silicon oxynitride (SiO(x)N(y)) membrane is deflected by the thermal expansion of a small volume of trapped gas. To detect the motion of the membrane, an electron tunneling transducer is used. This sensor detects electrons which tunnel through the classically forbidden barrier between a tip and a surface; the electron current is exponentially dependent on the separation between the tip and the surface. The sensitivity of tunneling transducers constructed was typically better than 10(exp -3) A/square root of Hz. Through use of the electron tunneling transducer, the scaling laws which have prevented the miniaturization of the Golay cell are avoided. This detector potentially offers low cost fabrication, compatibility with silicon readout electronics, and operation without cooling. Most importantly, this detector may offer better sensitivity than any other uncooled infrared sensor, with the exception of the original Golay cell.
The climbing crawling robot (a unique cable robot for space and Earth) (1991)

Some of the greatest concerns in robotic designs have been the high center of gravity of the robot, the irregular or flat surface that the robot has to work on, the weight of the robot that has to handle heavy weights or use heavy forces, and the ability of the robot to climb straight up in the air. This climbing crawling robot handles these problems well with magnets, suction cups, or actuators. The cables give body to the robot and it performs very similar to a caterpillar. The computer program is simple and inexpensive as is the robot. One of the important features of this system is that the robot can work in pairs or triplets to handle jobs that would be extremely difficult for single robots. The light weight of the robot allows it to handle quite heavy weights. The number of feet give the robot many roots where a simple set of feet would give it trouble.
Wavelength-dependent scattering in spectroscopic optical coherence tomography (2005)

The particle sizing capabilities of light scattering spectroscopy (LSS) and the spatial localization of optical coherence tomography (OCT) are brought together in a new modality known as scattering-mode spectroscopic OCT. An analysis is presented of the spectral dependence of the light collected in spectro-scopic OCT for samples comprised of spherical particles. Many factors are considered including the effects of scatterer size, interference between the fields scattered from closely adjacent scatterers, and the numerical aperture of the OCT system. The modulation of the spectrum of the incident light by scattering of a plane wave from a single sphere is a good indicator of particle size and composition. However, it is shown in this work that the sharp focusing of fields causes the spectral signature to shift and the presence of multiple scatterers has dramatic modulation effects on the spectra. Approaches for accurately matching physical structure with the observed signals under various conditions are discussed.
i-m-Top: An Interactive Multi-Resolution Tabletop Display System (2007)

This article presents "i-m-Top", a rear-projection interactive multi-resolution tabletop display system. This table allows the user to perform regular and long-term works such as reading and writing of documents. The design of the tabletop system well meets the following concerns: (1) provide movable high-resolution perception of the tabletop, (2) avoid the shadowing effect by rear projection, (3) reserve space for the user to place their legs with comfort and (4) allow interactions on the tabletop by bare hands and a pen.
A technique for the effective and automatic reuse of classical compiler optimizations on multithreaded code (2011)

A large body of data-flow analyses exists for analyzing and optimizing sequential code. Unfortunately, much of it cannot be directly applied on parallel code, for reasons of correctness. This paper presents a technique to automatically, aggressively, yet safely apply sequentially-sound data-flow transformations, without change , on shared-memory programs. The technique is founded on the notion of program references being "siloed" on certain control-flow paths. Intuitively, siloed references are free of interference from other threads within the confines of such paths. Data-flow transformations can, in general, be unblocked on siloed references. The solution has been implemented in a widely used compiler. Results on benchmarks from SPLASH-2 show that performance improvements of up to 41% are possible, with an average improvement of 6% across all the tested programs over all thread counts.
Double line scan diffusion imaging (1997)

A new double line scan diffusion imaging sequence (DLSDI) is presented. In DLSDI, two lines from two separate slices are acquired in each shot. As its predecessor, LSDI, DLSDI is insensitive to motion artifacts and it can be used on conventional MR scanners. In addition, DLSDI is almost twice as fast as LSDI. Preliminary results from phantom and patient studies show excellent agreement between ADC trace maps obtained with DLSDI and LSDI. The technical and the theoretical aspects of DLSDI are studied, and it is shown how the conditional random walk model can be used as an analytical tool to derive the diffusion sensitivity in the DLSDI sequence.
Electrophosphorescence from a Conjugated Copolymer Doped with an Iridium Complex: High Brightness and Improved Operational Stability (2003)

High efficiency electrophosphorescent light‐emitting diodes (LEDs) , with an emission peak at 600 nm, a luminance of 2200 cd m –2 , and good operational stability were fabricated from a conjugated copolymer doped with an iridium complex. The devices exhibited an external quantum efficiency of 1.5 % and a luminous efficiency of 3 cd A –1 . These results demonstrate that electrophosphorescent devices with high brightness and operational stability can be produced in the form of polymer LEDs fabricated by processing the active materials from solution.
Heating Value Sensor for Producer Gas (2011)

Today, producer gas is being utilized as a fuel gas in boilers, internal combustion engines and turbines for heat and power generation. The composition of producer gas varies depending upon the gasification parameters. For improved process control and optimum utilization of these heat and power generating systems, it is desirable to monitor the producer gas composition in real-time. A new method and apparatus has been developed and lab-tested for quantitative characterization of producer gas. Spectroscopic and non-spectroscopic measurements are performed in order to detect both — spectrally active and inactive gases. Both methods are cross-sensitive to more than one gas. The measurements are then processed using multivariate statistical methods — principal components regression and partial least squares to fit a regression model which correlates the experimental measurements to the composition and heating value of producer gas. The fitted regression model is used to estimate the properties of unknown mixtures. The measurements and data processing are done in real time using a high speed hardware control and data acquisition system. A commercialized version of this sensor is expected to cost less than half the price of gas chromatographs, which are widely used in the gas industry today.
Lyotropic chromonic liquid crystals in aligned films for applications as polarizing coatings (2004)

Abstract We describe dried oriented films with anisotropic structural and optical properties prepared from the aqueous solutions of plank‐like molecules, the so‐called Lyotropic Chromonic Liquid Crystals (LCLCs). The dried LCLC films may be used as optical elements, such as polarizers, compensators, color filters, or retardation plates in the UV, visible, or infrared parts of spectrums. The optical quality of the films is determined by the uniformity of the molecular alignment, which often distorted by periodic variations of the director field. We describe different ways to improve the alignment properties of the films by using additives. We present compositions capable of polarizing effects in visible and UV parts of spectrum.