gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Next Generation Device Grade Silicon-Germanium on Insulator (2015)

High quality single crystal silicon-germanium-on-insulator has the potential to facilitate the next generation of photonic and electronic devices. Using a rapid melt growth technique we engineer tailored single crystal silicon-germanium-on-insulator structures with near constant composition over large areas. The proposed structures avoid the problem of laterally graded SiGe compositions, caused by preferential Si rich solid formation, encountered in straight SiGe wires by providing radiating elements distributed along the structures. This method enables the fabrication of multiple single crystal silicon-germanium-on-insulator layers of different compositions, on the same Si wafer, using only a single deposition process and a single anneal process, simply by modifying the structural design and/or the anneal temperature. This facilitates a host of device designs, within a relatively simple growth environment, as compared to the complexities of other methods, and also offers flexibility in device designs within that growth environment.
Local Rules and Procedures of the United States Court of Appeals for the Federal Circuit (1983)

The Federal Courts Improvement Act of 1982 abolished the United States Court of Claims and the United States Court of Customs and Patent Appeals and created the United States Court of Appeals for the Federal Circuit (CAFC) and the United States Claims Court. The Act provided for an advisory committee to be appointed by the CAFC in order to study the proposed rules of practice and internal operating procedures of the court. The recommendations of the advisory committee were given considerable weight when the court promulgated the Rules of the United States Court of Appeals for the Federal Circuit (CAFC Rules), and a procedural handbook effective October 1, 1982. The rules are intended to supplement the Federal Rules of Appellate Procedure and to reflect the court's nationwide and varied jurisdiction, as well as a commitment to the expeditious determination of cases brought before it. This Article walks through the more pertinent rules which help to illustrate how the court will operate, as well as clarify earlier points of confusion.
Cytology, function and dynamics of stem and progenitor cells in decapod crustaceans (2021)

Stem cells play key roles in development, tissue homeostasis, regeneration, ageing and diseases. Comprehensive reviews on stem cells are available for the determinately growing mammals and insects and some lower invertebrates like hydra but are rare for larger, indeterminately growing invertebrates that can live for many decades. This paper reviews the cytology, function and dynamics of stem and progenitor cells in the decapod crustaceans, a species-rich and ecologically and economically important animal group that includes mainly indeterminate growers but also some determinate growers. Further advantages of decapods for stem cell research are almost 1000-fold differences in body size and longevity, the regeneration of damaged appendages and the virtual absence of age-related diseases and tumours in the indeterminately growing species. The available data demonstrate that the Decapoda possess a remarkable variety of structurally and functionally different stem cells in embryos and larvae, and in the epidermis, musculature, haematopoietic tissue, heart, brain, hepatopancreas, olfactory sense organs and gonads of adults. Some of these seem to be rather continuously active over a lifetime but others are cyclically activated and silenced in periods of days, weeks and years, depending on the specific organ and function. Stem cell proliferation is triggered by signals related to development, moulting, feeding, reproduction, injury, infection, environmental enrichment and social status. Some regulatory pathways have already been identified, including the evolutionarily conserved GATA-binding and runt-domain transcription factors, the widespread neurotransmitter serotonin, the arthropod-specific hormone 20-hydroxyecdysone and the novel astakine growth factors. Knowledge of stem cells in decapods primarily refines our picture on the development, growth and maintenance of tissues and organs in this animal group. Cultured decapod stem cells have good potential for toxicity testing and virus research with practical relevance for aquaculture. Knowledge of stem cells in decapods also broadens our understanding of the evolution of stem cells and regeneration in the animal kingdom. The stem cells of long-lived, indeterminately growing decapods may hold the key to understanding how stem and progenitor cells function into old age without adverse side effects, possibly evoking new ideas for the development of anti-ageing and anti-cancer treatments in humans.
Efeitos adversos associados à aplicação de toxina botulínica na face: revisão sistemática com meta-análise (2008)

Ptosis was the most frequent adverse effect and showed the higher relative risk associated with botulinum toxin. It is necessary to perform a pattern of adverse effects related for better understanding the relationship between adverse effects and use of botulinum toxin.
LN-Annote (2015)

Personal mobile devices offer a growing variety of personalized services that enrich considerably the user experience. This is made possible by increased access to personal information, which to a large extent is extracted from user email messages and archives. There are, however, two main issues. First, currently these services can be offered only by large web-service companies that can also deploy email services. Second, keeping a large amount of structured personal information on the cloud raises privacy concerns. To address these problems, we propose LN-Annote, a new method to extract personal information from the email that is locally available on mobile devices (without remote access to the cloud). LN-Annote enables third-party service providers to build a question-answering system on top of the local personal information without having to own the user data. In addition, LN-Annote mitigates the privacy concerns by keeping the structured personal information directly on the personal device. Our method is based on a named-entity recognizer trained in two separate steps: first using a common dataset on the cloud and then using a personal dataset in the mobile device at hand. Our contributions include also the optimization of the implementation of LN-Annote: in particular, we implemented an OpenCL version of the custom-training algorithm to leverage the Graphic Processing Unit (GPU) available on the mobile device. We present an extensive set of experiment results: beside proving the feasibility of our approach, they demonstrate its efficiency in terms of the named-entity extraction performance as well as the execution speed and the energy consumption spent in mobile devices.
A review of the practical limitations of designing antennas for portable applications (2010)

In this paper a summary is presented of the practical limitations, both electrical and physical, of designing antennas for body-worn and man-portable applications.
Inflammation in the pathogenesis of ischemic stroke (2015)

Ischemic stroke is a common cause of permanent disability in adults worldwide. Inflammation plays a significant role in the pathogenesis of ischemic stroke and its mechanism is complex. Both pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory mediators are involved in the pathogenesis of ischemic stroke, an imbalance of which leads to inflammation. Inflammatory cells from both the innate and acquired immune systems are involved in ischemic stroke-related inflammation; processes that are linked by the action of interleukin-17A (IL-17A). Although most inflammatory cells promote inflammation, T regulatory cells (Tregs) may have a protective function at the early stages of an ischemic injury, but a negative role during later stages. However, the precise mechanism of inflammation in ischemic stroke remains elusive; further understanding of it may provide new ideas for the prevention and treatment of ischemic stroke. In this review, we discuss the role of pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory mediators and related immune cells in the pathogenesis of ischemic stroke.
Long-Term Catheterization of the Intestinal Lymph Trunk and Collection of Lymph in Neonatal Pigs (2016)

Catheterization of the intestinal lymph trunk in neonatal pigs is a technique allowing for the long-term collection of large quantities of intestinal (central) efferent lymph. Importantly, the collection of central lymph from the intestine enables researchers to study both the mechanisms and lipid constitutes associated with lipid metabolism, intestinal inflammation and cancer metastasis, as well as cells involved in immune function and immunosurveillance. A ventral mid-line surgical approach permits excellent surgical exposure to the cranial abdomen and relatively easy access to the intestinal lymph trunk vessel that lies near the pancreas and the right ventral segment of the portal vein underneath the visceral aspect of the right liver lobe. The vessel is meticulously dissected and released from the surrounding fascia and then dilated with sutures allowing for insertion and subsequent securing of the catheter into the vessel. The catheter is exteriorized and approximately 1 L/24 hr of lymph is collected over a 7 day period. While this technique enables the collection of large quantities of central lymph over an extended period of time, the success depends on careful surgical dissection, tissue handling and close attention to proper surgical technique. This is particularly important with surgeries in young animals as the lymph vessels can easily tear, potentially leading to surgical and experimental failure. The video demonstrates an excellent surgical technique for the collection of intestinal lymph.
Association rule mining methods for applying encryption techniques in transaction dataset (2016)

Data mining is one of the techniques in the knowledge discovery process and denotes to mining information from large amount of records. One of the significant and popular data mining process is association rule mining which is used to find frequent patterns in the given dataset in which the apriori algorithm are the most common for mining frequent item set. This paper explored DES algorithm in client side for generating the secret key to encrypt the items of the support table. Apriori algorithm is used at server side for getting transaction data from the client side by applying threshold or sigma value to filter out the item set whose frequency has to less than sigma value. The main focus of this paper is to achieve more security of the client side.
Dynamic Ionization of Water under Extreme Conditions (2005)

Raman spectroscopy in a laser heated diamond anvil cell and first principles molecular dynamics simulations have been used to study water in the temperature range 300 to 1500 K and at pressures to 56 GPa. We find a substantial decrease in the intensity of the O-H stretch mode in the liquid phase with pressure, and a change in slope of the melting line at 47 GPa and 1000 K. Consistent with these observations, theoretical calculations show that water beyond 50 GPa is "dynamically ionized" in that it consists of very short-lived (<10 fs) H2O, H3O+, and OH- species, and also that the mobility of the oxygen ions decreases abruptly with pressure, while hydrogen ions remain very mobile. We suggest that this regime corresponds to a superionic state.
Significant differences in global genomic DNA methylation by gender and race/ethnicity in peripheral blood (2011)

Reduced levels of global DNA methylation are associated with genomic instability and are independent predictors of cancer risk. Little is known about the environmental determinants of global DNA methylation in peripheral blood. We examined the association between demographic and lifestyle factors and levels of global leukocyte DNA methylation in 161 cancer-free subjects enrolled in the North Texas Healthy Heart Study aged 45-75 years in 2008. We used in-person interviews for demographics and lifestyle factors, a self-administrated Block food frequency questionnaire for diet, and bioelectrical impedance analysis and CT-scan for body composition. We measured genomic DNA methylation using bisulfite conversion of DNA and pyrosequencing for LINE-1. Body composition measures including body mass index, waist circumference, areas of subcutaneous fat and visceral fat, percent of fat mass and fat-free mass were not associated with global genomic DNA methylation after controlling the effect of age, gender and race/ethnicity. Instead, female gender was significantly associated with a reduced level of global methylation (β = -2.77, 95% CI: -4.33, -1.22). Compared to non-Hispanic whites, non-Hispanic blacks (β = -2.02, 95% CI: -3.55, -0.50) had significantly lower levels of global methylation. No association was found with age, cigarette smoking, alcohol drinking and dietary intake of nutrients in one-carbon metabolism. Global leukocyte DNA methylation differs by gender and race/ethnicity, suggesting these variables need to be taken into consideration in studies of global DNA methylation as an epigenetic marker for cancer.
The Shuttle Radar Topography Mission (2007)

The Shuttle Radar Topography Mission produced the most complete, highest‐resolution digital elevation model of the Earth. The project was a joint endeavor of NASA, the National Geospatial‐Intelligence Agency, and the German and Italian Space Agencies and flew in February 2000. It used dual radar antennas to acquire interferometric radar data, processed to digital topographic data at 1 arc sec resolution. Details of the development, flight operations, data processing, and products are provided for users of this revolutionary data set.
A study on the rear-end collision warning system by considering different perception-reaction time using multi-layer perceptron neural network (2015)

A rear-end Collision Warning System (CWS) is applied for mitigating collision risk to the frontal motor vehicle under the traffic conditions. Most of the previous studies have been performed to address the braking behavior related problems based on the deterministic or stochastic parametric methods. However, these algorithms are of doubtful validity in the context of individual driving characteristics such as Perception-Reaction Time (PRT). This paper proposes a framework on Rear-end CWS to take into consideration of PRT effects based on the Artificial Neural Network (ANN). Multi-layer perceptron neural network based rear-end collision warning algorithm (MCWA) is developed and evaluated through a comparison between the conventional algorithms such as Time To Collision (TTC) and Stopping Distance Algorithm (SDA). The comparison study demonstrates that the proposed algorithm outperforms other traditional algorithms for detecting and predicting the rear-end collision risks. The proposed algorithm could be used for rear-end collision warning in car-following case without the influence of different human PRT.
Self-Assembled Peptide–Lanthanide Nanoclusters for Safe Tumor Therapy: Overcoming and Utilizing Biological Barriers to Peptide Drug Delivery (2018)

Developing a sophisticated nanomedicine platform to deliver therapeutics effectively and safely into tumor/cancer cells remains challenging in the field of nanomedicine. In particular, reliable peptide drug delivery systems capable of overcoming biological barriers are still lacking. Here, we developed a simple, rapid, and robust strategy to manufacture nanoclusters of ∼90 nm in diameter that are self-assembled from lanthanide-doped nanoparticles (5 nm), two anticancer peptides with different targets (BIM and PMI), and one cyclic peptide iNGR targeted to cancer cells. The peptide-lanthanide nanoclusters (LDC-PMI-BIM-iNGR) enhanced the resistance of peptide drugs to proteolysis, disassembled in response to reductive conditions that are present in the tumor microenvironment and inhibited cancer cell growth in vitro and in vivo. Notably, LDC-PMI-BIM-iNGR exhibited extremely low systemic toxicity and side effects in vivo. Thus, the peptide-lanthanide nanocluster may serve as an ideal multifunctional platform for safe, targeted, and efficient peptide drug delivery in cancer therapy.
Antiradiation properties of alpha tocopherol, anthocyans, and pyracetam administered combined as a pretreatment course. (1990)

The effects of an pretreatment course (2 x 5 days) combining vitamin E 20 mg/kg, anthocyans 50 mg/kg, and pyracetam 200 mg/kg on animal survival after lethal irradiation (8 Gy) and blood formation after sublethal irradiation (6 Gy) were studied in mice. Assessments were based on records of an integral criterion, 30-day survival, of spleen weight and cellularity, and of bone-marrow cellularity. Pretreatment with the mixture distinctly raised survival rate (50%) in the protected population. The effect observed was shown to result from potentiating interactions between mixture components. Blood-forming organs experienced less radiation damage, and recovery processes in them were stimulated.
Fast Macroblock Mode Determination to Reduce H.264 Complexity (2005)

The rate-distortion optimization (RDO) method is an informative technology that improves the coding efficiency, but increases the computational complexity, of the H.264 encoder. In this letter, a fast Macroblock mode determination algorithm is proposed to reduce the computational complexity of the H.264 encoder. The proposed method reduces the encoder complexity by 55%, while maintaining the same level of coding efficiency.
A Two-Stage Hybrid Local Search for the Vehicle Routing Problem with Time Windows (2004)

The vehicle routing problem with time windows is a hard combinatorial optimization problem that has received considerable attention in the last decades. This paper proposes a two-stage hybrid algorithm for this transportation problem. The algorithm first minimizes the number of vehicles, using simulated annealing. It then minimizes travel cost by using a large neighborhood search that may relocate a large number of customers. Experimental results demonstrate the effectiveness of the algorithm, which has improved 10 (17%) of the 56 best published solutions to the Solomon benchmarks, while matching or improving the best solutions in 46 problems (82%). More important perhaps, the algorithm is shown to be very robust. With a fixed configuration of its parameters, it returns either the best published solutions (or improvements thereof) or solutions very close in quality on all Solomon benchmarks. Very preliminary results on the extended Solomon benchmarks are also given.
Higher blood flow and circulating NO products offset high-altitude hypoxia among Tibetans (2007)

The low barometric pressure at high altitude causes lower arterial oxygen content among Tibetan highlanders, who maintain normal levels of oxygen use as indicated by basal and maximal oxygen consumption levels that are consistent with sea level predictions. This study tested the hypothesis that Tibetans resident at 4,200 m offset physiological hypoxia and achieve normal oxygen delivery by means of higher blood flow enabled by higher levels of bioactive forms of NO, the main endothelial factor regulating blood flow and vascular resistance. The natural experimental study design compared Tibetans at 4,200 m and U.S. residents at 206 m. Eighty-eight Tibetan and 50 U.S. resident volunteers (18-56 years of age, healthy, nonsmoking, nonhypertensive, not pregnant, with normal pulmonary function) participated. Forearm blood flow, an indicator of systemic blood flow, was measured noninvasively by using plethysmography at rest, after breathing supplemental oxygen, and after exercise. The Tibetans had more than double the forearm blood flow of low-altitude residents, resulting in greater than sea level oxygen delivery to tissues. In comparison to sea level controls, Tibetans had >10-fold-higher circulating concentrations of bioactive NO products, including plasma and red blood cell nitrate and nitroso proteins and plasma nitrite, but lower concentrations of iron nitrosyl complexes (HbFeIINO) in red blood cells. This suggests that NO production is increased and that metabolic pathways controlling formation of NO products are regulated differently among Tibetans. These findings shift attention from the traditional focus on pulmonary and hematological systems to vascular factors contributing to adaptation to high-altitude hypoxia.
Groundnut Shell Ash as Partial Replacement of Cement in Concrete (2017)

Ordinary Portland cement is recognized as a major construction material throughout the world. Researchers all over the world today are focusing on ways of utilizing either industrial or agricultural waste, as a source of raw materials for industry. This waste, utilization would not only be economical, but may also result in foreign exchange earnings and environmental pollution control as industrial wastes, such as blast furnace slag, sugar cane bagasse ash, ground nut shell ash, fly ash and silica fume are being used as supplementary cementing materials (SCMs). The utilization of industrial and agricultural waste produced by industrial process has been the focus of waste reduction research for economical, environmental, and technical reasons. The present study is aimed at ground nut shell ash (GSA), with partial replacement of cement. The replacement is done at various percentages like 0%, 5%, 10%, 15% and its effect on properties of concrete was investigated. Fresh and hardened properties were exercised with various replacement levels. The study indicated that ground nut shell ash can effectively be used as cement replacement (up to 10%) without substantial change in strength.
DNA-dependent protein kinase defects are linked to deficiencies in DNA repair and V(D)J recombination (1996)

DNA-dependent protein kinase is a nuclear serine/threonine kinase whose catalytic properties are expressed only when the enzyme is bound to DNA ends or other discontinuities in the DNA. DNA-PK comprises two components: one mediates binding to DNA and corresponds to the heterodimeric human autoimmune antigen Ku; the other, DNA-PK catalytic subunit (DNA-PKcs), is a polypeptide of approximately 450 kDa. DNA-PK deficiencies are associated with certain mutant rodent cell lines that display defects in DNA double strand break repair and V(D)J recombination. Specifically, hamster xrs-6 cells lack Ku function, whereas murine scid and hamster V3 cells lack functional DNA-PKcs. Furthermore, the phenotypes of xrs-6 and V3 cells can be corrected by the expression of the genes encoding the 80 kDa component of Ku or DNA-PKcs, respectively. These results imply that DNA-PK is an important component of the DNA double strand break repair/recombination apparatus. Possible roles for DNA-PK in these processes are discussed.
Integrated Nanophotonic Platform for High Bandwidth and High Resolution Optogenetic Excitation (2016)

We present a new on-chip platform for neural excitation that is high bandwidth and high resolution. We demonstrate neural excitation in vivo in the visual cortex and the hippocampus by combining the platform with a recording electrode.
Unusual Formation of Single‐Crystal Manganese Sulfide Microboxes Co‐mediated by the Cubic Crystal Structure and Shape (2012)

Es bleibt beim Würfel: MnS-Mikrokästchen, die als Anodenmaterial für Lithiumionenbatterien fungieren können, wurden durch ein einfaches Sulfidierungsverfahren mit H2S-Gas synthetisiert. Die intrinsisch kubische Kristallstruktur und die nahezu kubische Form der Vorstufe MnCO3 unterstützen die Bildung der Einkristalle. Die transmissionselektronenmikroskopischen Bilder zeigen poröse und hohle Mikrowürfel sowie ein Mikrokästchen.