gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Mechanism of the Reaction between Iodate and Iodide Ions in Acid Solutions (Dushman Reaction) (1999)

Evidence is given for a stepwise mechanism in the Dushman reaction by using accelerated-flow mixing to measure reaction rates at high [H+] and [I-], where pseudo-first-order rate constants vary from 213 to 6700 s-1. The typical [H+]2 dependence is lowered due to the formation of appreciable [HIO3]. The typical [I-]2 dependence is lowered because I2O2 is a steady-state intermediate. The rate expression is: −d[IO3]T/dt = k1(k2/k-1)KH[H+]2[I-]2[IO3]T/[(1 + KH[H+])(1 + (k2/k-1)[I-])], where k1 = 4.8 × 107 M-2 s-1, k2/k-1 = 2.3 M-1, and KH = 2.5 M-1 at μ = 0.50 M, 25 °C.
Management of Water Quality by the Point Source in Mokpo Inner Bay (2006)

The results of COD concentration on August of 2004 were 6.80 ppm in North Mokpo Inner Bay, 4.42 ppm un front of YongSang Bank and 4.60 ppm in front of ShinAn Beach Hotel which is over III level Marine Environmental Standard. The others researched five stations sea water quality of Mokpo inner bay are reached II-III level. The concentration of total nitrogen range from 1.23 ppm to 3.56 ppm and total phosphorous concentration was range from 0.07 ppm to 0.12 ppm which are to be II-III level. This results show that the Mokpo inner bay is unsuitable for aquaculture and for use of marine resort, it can be only avaliable for industrial and harbour port use. In this study, we researched 12 point source flow into Mokpo Inner bay. The rate from YoungSang river in total inflow of TN was up to 70-93 % and rate of TP was up to 31-91 % respectively. In this results, we have to control the discharge from YoungSang river first of all then control the discharge from North Harbour domestic wastewater treatment, InAm river and NamHae domestic wastewater treatment in order to improve the water quality of Mokpo Inner bay.
LCANet: End-to-End Lipreading with Cascaded Attention-CTC (2018)

Machine lipreading is a special type of automatic speech recognition (ASR) which transcribes human speech by visually interpreting the movement of related face regions including lips, face, and tongue. Recently, deep neural network based lipreading methods show great potential and have exceeded the accuracy of experienced human lipreaders in some benchmark datasets. However, lipreading is still far from being solved, and existing methods tend to have high error rates on the wild data. In this paper, we propose LCANet, an end-to-end deep neural network based lipreading system. LCANet encodes input video frames using a stacked 3D convolutional neural network (CNN), highway network and bidirectional GRU network. The encoder effectively captures both short-term and long-term spatio-temporal information. More importantly, LCANet incorporates a cascaded attention-CTC decoder to generate output texts. By cascading CTC with attention, it partially eliminates the defect of the conditional independence assumption of CTC within the hidden neural layers, and this yields notably performance improvement as well as faster convergence. The experimental results show the proposed system achieves a 1.3% CER and 3.0% WER on the GRID corpus database, leading to a 12.3% improvement compared to the state-of-the-art methods.
Dynamic Data Distribution (D3) in a Shared-Nothing Multiprocessor Data Store (1992)

Redundant storage of data can make a multiprocessor database system tolerant of single processor failures. The D3 algorithm described here enables such a system to dynamically reorganize after a failure in order to protect itself against further failures, without interruption of service. The algorithm also permits addition or removal of a processor, and data migration for load balancing, without interruption of service.
KANERVA’S SPARSE DISTRIBUTED MEMORY: AN ASSOCIATIVE MEMORY ALGORITHM WELL-SUITED TO THE CONNECTION MACHINE (1989)

The advent of the Connection Machine profoundly changes the world of supercomputers. The highly nontraditional architecture makes possible the exploration of algorithms that were impractical for standard Von Neumann architectures. Sparse distributed memory (SDM) is an example of such an algorithm. Sparse distributed memory is a particularly simple and elegant formulation for an associative memory. The foundations for sparse distributed memory are described, and some simple examples of using the memory are presented. The relationship of sparse distributed memory to three important computational systems is shown: random-access memory, neural networks, and the cerebellum of the brain. Finally, the implementation of the algorithm for sparse distributed memory on the Connection Machine is discussed.
Algebraic solution for geometry from dimensional constraints (1991)

Article Free Access Share on Algebraic solution for geometry from dimensional constraints Author: J. C. Owen D-Cubed Ltd., 68 Castle Street, Cambridge, England D-Cubed Ltd., 68 Castle Street, Cambridge, EnglandView Profile Authors Info & Claims SMA '91: Proceedings of the first ACM symposium on Solid modeling foundations and CAD/CAM applicationsMay 1991Pages 397–407https://doi.org/10.1145/112515.112573Published:01 May 1991Publication History 124citation1,035DownloadsMetricsTotal Citations124Total Downloads1,035Last 12 Months99Last 6 weeks7 Get Citation AlertsNew Citation Alert added!This alert has been successfully added and will be sent to:You will be notified whenever a record that you have chosen has been cited.To manage your alert preferences, click on the button below.Manage my AlertsNew Citation Alert!Please log in to your account Save to BinderSave to BinderCreate a New BinderNameCancelCreateExport CitationPublisher SiteeReaderPDF
3D EMHD reconnection in a laboratory plasma (2014)

In a large laboratory plasma, reconnection of three-dimensional (3D) magnetic fields is studied in the parameter regime of electron magnetohydrodynamics (EMHD). The field topologies are spheromak-like with two-dimensional null lines and three-dimensional spiral null points. The relaxation of an initial vortex field by spontaneous reconnection is studied in the absence of boundary effects. Reconnection rates and energy conversion from fields to particles are measured. The frozen-in condition appears to be destroyed by viscous effects rather than inertia or collision. Finally, the non-driven merging of two EMHD spheromaks into a long-lived FRC is observed. These basic physics experiments demonstrate that reconnection is an important process in the parameter regime of unmagnetized ions, which is always encountered near absolute magnetic null points.
Copper Nanoparticles for Printed Electronics: Routes Towards Achieving Oxidation Stability (2010)

In the past few years, the synthesis of Cu nanoparticles has attracted much attention because of its huge potential for replacing expensive nano silver inks utilized in conductive printing. A major problem in utilizing these copper nanoparticles is their inherent tendency to oxidize in ambient conditions. Recently, there have been several reports presenting various approaches which demonstrate that copper nanoparticles can resist oxidation under ambient conditions, if they are coated by a proper protective layer. This layer may consist of an organic polymer, alkene chains, amorphous carbon or graphenes, or inorganic materials such as silica, or an inert metal. Such coated copper nanoparticles enable achieving high conductivities by direct printing of conductive patterns. These approaches open new possibilities in printed electronics, for example by using copper based inkjet inks to form various devices such as solar cells, Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) tags, and electroluminescence devices. This paper provides a review on the synthesis of copper nanoparticles, mainly by wet chemistry routes, and their utilization in printed electronics.
Pulse pressure velocity measurement — A wearable sensor (2011)

Pulse pressure velocity measurements (PPV) may be a source of useful information on artery state. A 2007 guideline of the European Society of Hypertension recommends assessing arterial stiffness in patients with arterial hypertension, by measuring the PPV. Mechanical changes in the cardiovascular tree involved in the blood ejection have been measured at the thorax level and on the wrist using impedance techniques, in combination with a one channel electrocardiographic signal. Performing impedance measurements on the wrist is a very challenging task because of the very low conductivity changes in combination with the relatively high value of the basal impedance. This is especially a problem, when the dimensions of the measuring probe are required to be adequate for integration into a whole day wearable sensor. In this study, it has been shown that such measurements are indeed possible, and that they may deliver very useful information on pulse pressure velocity when compared to the classical approach based on the measurement of the PPV delay in relation to the ECG signal. However, it has been found that a significant discrepancy may exists between results obtained using the classical approach and the impedance measurement technique proposed here.
Neuronal Stem Cells Biology and Plasticity (2003)

Recent studies have suggested that stem cells are able to cross primordial tissue barriers. Their ability to respond to unrelated microenvironmental signals strongly suggest that they have greater potential than previously imagined especially for their future clinical use for the regeneration of tissues or even perhaps organ systems. In particular there is an intriguing reciprocal relationship between the hematopoietic and neuronal stem cell systems. Both stem cell pools appear to respond to microenvironmental signals that are not developmental related. These intriguing observations have led to a number of studies that have attempted to explore this apparent phenomenon of plasticity associated with both hematopoietic and neuronal stem cell populations.
Effects of pH and salt concentration on the siRNA binding activity of the RNA silencing suppressor protein p19 (2007)

The RNA silencing pathway is an important component of the anti-viral immune response in eukaryotes, particularly in plants. In turn, many viruses have evolved mechanisms to evade or suppress this pathway. Tombusviruses such as the Carnation Italian ringspot virus (CIRV) express a 19kDa protein (p19) that is a suppressor of RNA silencing in infected plants. This protein acts as a dimer and binds specifically to short-interfering RNA (siRNA) through electrostatic interactions between charged residues in the binding cleft. Since pH and salt concentrations can vary widely from host to host, we have investigated the influence of these parameters on the siRNA binding activity of CIRV p19. Previously, we established a convenient fluorescence-based method for assaying CIRV p19:siRNA binding using Ni(2+)-NTA coated 96-well plates. Using this method, we observe that the CIRV p19 protein binds to siRNA with nanomolar affinity and that this binding is sensitive to pH and salt concentration. The pH-dissociation constant profile shows that CIRV p19:siRNA binding is dependent on three different apparent pK(a) values. The values extrapolated from the curve are 7.1, 8.0 and 10.6 that we interpret as the ionization of one or more histidine, cysteine and lysine residues, respectively. We find that the optimal suppression of RNA silencing by CIRV p19 occurs in the pH range from 6.2 to 7.6.
Handbook of Nonlinear Optics (2003)

Elements of the theory of nonlinear optics frequency doubling and mixing optical parametric generation, amplification, and oscillation characterization of second order nonlinear optical materials properties of selected second order nonlinearoptical materials nonlinear index of refraction characterization of nonlinear refractive index materials optical properties of selected third order nonlinear optics materials nonlinear absorption experimental techniques in nonlinear absorption ultrafast characterization techniques laser flash photolysis nonlinear absorption properties of selected materials stimulated Raman scattering stimulated Brillouin scattering properties of selected stimulated light-scattering materials theelectro-optic effect.
A Multiprotein Binding Interface in an Intrinsically Disordered Region of the Tumor Suppressor Protein Interferon Regulatory Factor-1 (2011)

The interferon-regulated transcription factor and tumor suppressor protein IRF-1 is predicted to be largely disordered outside of the DNA-binding domain. One of the advantages of intrinsically disordered protein domains is thought to be their ability to take part in multiple, specific but low affinity protein interactions; however, relatively few IRF-1-interacting proteins have been described. The recent identification of a functional binding interface for the E3-ubiquitin ligase CHIP within the major disordered domain of IRF-1 led us to ask whether this region might be employed more widely by regulators of IRF-1 function. Here we describe the use of peptide aptamer-based affinity chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry to define a multiprotein binding interface on IRF-1 (Mf2 domain; amino acids 106-140) and to identify Mf2-binding proteins from A375 cells. Based on their function as known transcriptional regulators, a selection of the Mf2 domain-binding proteins (NPM1, TRIM28, and YB-1) have been validated using in vitro and cell-based assays. Interestingly, although NPM1, TRIM28, and YB-1 all bind to the Mf2 domain, they have differing amino acid specificities, demonstrating the degree of combinatorial diversity and specificity available through linear interaction motifs.
Type IV Pili Are Required for Virulence, Twitching Motility, and Biofilm Formation of <i>Acidovorax avenae</i> subsp. <i>citrulli</i> (2009)

Acidovorax avenae subsp. citrulli is the causal agent of bacterial fruit blotch (BFB), a threatening disease of watermelon, melon, and other cucurbits. Despite the economic importance of BFB, relatively little is known about basic aspects of the pathogen's biology and the molecular basis of its interaction with host plants. To identify A. avenae subsp. citrulli genes associated with pathogenicity, we generated a transposon (Tn5) mutant library on the background of strain M6, a group I strain of A. avenae subsp. citrulli, and screened it for reduced virulence by seed-transmission assays with melon. Here, we report the identification of a Tn5 mutant with reduced virulence that is impaired in pilM, which encodes a protein involved in assembly of type IV pili (TFP). Further characterization of this mutant revealed that A. avenae subsp. citrulli requires TFP for twitching motility and wild-type levels of biofilm formation. Significant reductions in virulence and biofilm formation as well as abolishment of twitching were also observed in insertional mutants affected in other TFP genes. We also provide the first evidence that group I strains of A. avenae subsp. citrulli can colonize and move through host xylem vessels.
Music: a better alternative than pain? (2013)

Over 7 million people suffer from chronic pain in the UK1 and GPs will encounter the difficulties of relieving their symptoms on a daily basis. Music, as well as being known to have emotional, mental, and spiritual benefits since Biblical times, has been investigated for its possible analgesic properties. A large number of studies have provided considerable evidence that music can decrease pain levels. Pain relief may occur by the release of endorphins or changes in catecholamine levels or, as patients are distracted by memories away from their pain.2,3

A Cochrane review4 recognised that there is great diversity in music and pain studies and experimentally-induced pain cannot fully mimic the experience of chronic pain.5 Not only do complex psychological and social factors influence a person’s pain, but studies are …
An Application of Lagrangian Relaxation to Scheduling in Power-Generation Systems (1977)

Two major decisions are made when scheduling the operations of a fossil-fuel power-generating system over a short time horizon. The “unit commitment” decision indicates what generating units are to be in use at each point in time. The “economic dispatch” decision is the allocation of system demand among the generating units in operation at any point in time. Both these decisions must be considered to achieve a least-cost schedule over the short time horizon. In this paper we present a mixed integer programming model for the short time horizon power-scheduling problem. The objective of the model is to minimize the sum of the unit commitment and economic dispatch costs subject to demand, reserve, and generator capacity and generator schedule constraints. A branch-and-bound algorithm is proposed using a Lagrangian method to decompose the problem into single generator problems. A sub gradient method is used to select the Lagrange multipliers that maximize the lower bound produced by the relaxation. We present computational results that indicate the technique is capable of solving large problems to within acceptable error tolerances.
Chelating Peptide-Immobilized Metal-Ion Affinity Chromatography (1990)

A new method for purifying recombinant proteins called, Chelating Peptide-immobilized Metal Ion Affinity Chromatography, or CP-IMAC is described. This method is based on the hypothesis that a specific chelating peptide (CP) with a high affinity for immobilized metal ions can be used to purify a recombinant protein by extending the gene sequence of the recombinant protein to code for the extra amino acids in the chelating peptide sequence. The resulting fusion protein can then be purified using immobilized metal ion affinity chromatography (IMAC). A four step strategy was followed to develop CP-IMAC: identifying chelating peptides, attaching a CP to a polypeptide to test the feasibility of this concept, purifying a recombinant CP-protein, and lastly purifying a CP-X-protein where X is an enzymatic cleavage site which allows the CP to be removed so as to generate the desired protein.
Quantitative assessment of early brain damage in a rat model of focal cerebral ischaemia. (1987)

A method for the volumetric assessment of early cerebral infarction, together with its statistical and biological validation, is described. In halothane anaesthetised rats the stem of the right middle cerebral artery was occluded and 3 hours later (with full monitoring of respiratory and cardiovascular status) the animals were killed by perfusion fixation. In normotensive normocapnic animals the volume of infarction was 52 +/- 4 mm3 in the cerebral cortex and 21 +/- 1 mm3 in the corpus striatum. The reproducibility of the volumetric assessment was found to be excellent (coefficient of correlation 0.995 on 18 replicate measurements). The minimum number of stereotactic levels which must be assessed to yield accurate volumetric measurements of infarction is 8. The method is sensitive at detecting alterations in the amount of infarction. For example, it can readily detect the increase in amount of structural damage in cerebral cortex following a transient episode of hypotension. This approach allows an objective assessment of drug therapy and management strategies in the treatment of cerebral infarction.
An accurate continuous calibration system for high voltage current transformer (2011)

A continuous calibration system for high voltage current transformers is presented in this paper. The sensor of this system is based on a kind of electronic instrument current transformer, which is a clamp-shape air core coil. This system uses an optical fiber transmission system for its signal transmission and power supply. Finally the digital integrator and fourth-order convolution window algorithm as error calculation methods are realized by the virtual instrument with a personal computer. It is found that this system can calibrate a high voltage current transformer while energized, which means avoiding a long calibrating period in the power system and the loss of power metering expense. At the same time, it has a wide dynamic range and frequency band, and it can achieve a high accuracy measurement in a complex electromagnetic field environment. The experimental results and the on-site operation results presented in the last part of the paper, prove that it can reach the 0.05 accuracy class and is easy to operate on site.
Die Therapie der Frühphase des idiopathischen Parkinson-Syndroms (2005)

Zusammenfassung Durch eine gute, adäquate Therapie in der Frühphase lassen sich die motorischen Symptome des Parkinson-Syndroms über viele Jahre gut behandeln, und die Prognose wird deutlich verbessert. Eine für alle Patienten verbindliche Therapie gibt es nicht, vielmehr ist ein individuelles Vorgehen angezeigt, bei dem vor allem das Alter des Patienten und die Kardinalsymptome berücksichtigt werden. In der Frühphase wird man versuchen, den Einsatz von L-Dopa hinauszuzögern und, falls notwendig, die L-Dopa-Dosis gering zu halten. Bevorzugt werden Dopaminagonisten eingesetzt, die durch Amantadin oder MAO-Hemmer ergänzt werden können. Bei unzureichendem Effekt auf den Tremor kann Budipin Einsatz finden. Aktuelle Entwicklungen zielen neben einer pharmakologischen Überlegenheit gegenüber herkömmlichen Präparaten vor allem auf eine neuroprotektive Therapie.
Building a Trusted Path for Applications Using COTS Components (2004)

Client computers are often a weak link in a technical network infrastructure. Increasing the security of client systems and applications against malicious software attacks increases the security of the network as a whole. Our work solves integrity and authenticity of input, confidentiality, integrity and authenticity of output. We present components to integrate a trusted path into an application to directly communicate with a user at a personal computer. This allows security sensitive parts of applications to continue operating while being attacked with malicious software in an event-driven system. Our approach uses widely employed COTS software – DirectX – and can be varied in design and implementation, hence making it more difficult to defeat with generic attack tools. Client computers are often a weak link in a technical network infrastructure. Confidentiality and integrity of connections between nodes in a network can be secured employing strong cryptography. However, this does not help against attacks by malicious software. Trojan horse programs, i.e., programs with additional hidden, often malicious, functions, are more and more popular forms of attack. These assail the endpoints
<i>En bloc</i> transurethral resection of bladder lesions: a trick to retrieve specimens up to 4.5 cm (2012)

The present technique maintains the integrity of voluminous lesions during extraction. Pathological analysis is consequently improved and a proper evaluation of the surgical margins is also possible. Papillary lesions of up to 4.5 cm are amenable to en bloc resection and extraction, while solid lesions comply less well with the urethra and sometimes are very difficult to extract. Nevertheless, the main limitation of the technique remains that lesions originating from the bladder neck are not amenable to en bloc resection,while particular attention should be paid during resection of lesions involving the ureteric orifice to avoid ureteric stripping.
Mass-Production of Pigment Nanocrystals by the Reprecipitation Method and their Encapsulation (2006)

ABSTRACT Quinacridone nanocrystals with controlled size and morphology were readily fabricated by using a pump as an injection apparatus of the reprecipitation method for mass-production and injecting concentrated N-methyl-2-pyrrolidinone solution. Encapsulation of quinacridone nanocrystals using polymer was achieved and quite improved dispersibility was confirmed for the encapsulated nanocrystals.