gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Design Of An Imaging Microscope For Soft X-Ray Applications (1988)

The objective of this investigation was the design and analysis of an imaging soft x-ray multilayer microscope with a spatial resolution of 0.1 microns. Since the optical aberrations of grazing incidence mirrors are large, and since x-ray scattering effects can severely degrade performance, an x-ray microscope using normal incidence multilayer optics has been designed. Recently, a normal incidence multilayer Cassegrain x-ray telescope was flown and produced high spatial resolution images of the Sun with extremely low x-ray scattering. These images clearly indicate that aplanatic imaging soft x-ray/XUV microscopes should be achievable using normal incidence multilayer optics technology. The microscope we have chosen to investigate is of the Schwarzschild configuration, which consists of two concentric spherical mirrors with their radii of curvature chosen such that the third-order spherical aberration, coma, and astigmatism are minimized. A ray tracing analysis of the optical system has been performed which indicates that diffraction-limited performance can be expected for an object height of 0.2 mm. Plans for fabrication of this imaging soft x-ray microscope will also be discussed.
Centrifugal separation of white and green protein fractions from alfalfa juice following controlled heating (1973)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTCentrifugal separation of white and green protein fractions from alfalfa juice following controlled heatingDonald De Fremery, Raymond E. Miller, Richard H. Edwards, Benny E. Knuckles, E. M. Bickoff, and George O. KohlerCite this: J. Agric. Food Chem. 1973, 21, 5, 886–889Publication Date (Print):May 1, 1973Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 May 1973https://doi.org/10.1021/jf60189a020RIGHTS & PERMISSIONSArticle Views228Altmetric-Citations28LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (523 KB) Get e-Alerts Get e-Alerts
TGF‐beta Regulation by the Matricellular Protein Thrombospondin 1 (2020)

Thrombospondin 1 (TSP1) is a matricellular protein that plays multiple roles in disease. Activation of the TGF‐beta latent complex is a major regulatory node for controlling TGF‐beta in homeostasis and disease. TSP1 can regulate the conversion of latent transforming growth factor‐beta (TGF‐beta) to its biologically active form in certain fibrotic diseases and cancers. We have developed peptide and small molecule antagonists that block TSP1 binding to the latent complex and inhibit TSP1‐dependent activation of latent TGF‐beta. These antagonists reduce TGF‐beta activity and extracellular matrix production and fibrosis in multiple rodent models, particularly in fibrotic complications of diabetes. TGF‐beta also plays a role in the osteolytic bone destruction characteristic of the plasma cell cancer, multiple myeloma. In both immune competent syngeneic mouse and human xenograft models, we showed that treatment with the TSP1‐TGF‐beta antagonist reduced disease burden, TGF‐beta activity, and prevented bone destruction via a decrease in osteoclasts and an increase in osteoblasts. Current studies are examining the role of the TSP1‐TGF‐beta pathway in immune dysregulation in multiple myeloma. Support or Funding Information The most recent studies (myeloma, drug development) are supported by grants from the Alabama Drug Discovery Alliance and the UAB Comprehensive Cancer Center pilot grant program, the American Society for Hematology Bridge Grant with supporting funds from the UAB Department of Pathology, and NIH grant 1R01CA175012.
Cell classification using big data analytics plus time stretch imaging(Conference Presentation) (2016)

We show that blood cells can be classified with high accuracy and high throughput by combining machine learning with time stretch quantitative phase imaging. Our diagnostic system captures quantitative phase images in a flow microscope at millions of frames per second and extracts multiple biophysical features from individual cells including morphological characteristics, light absorption and scattering parameters, and protein concentration. These parameters form a hyperdimensional feature space in which supervised learning and cell classification is performed. We show binary classification of T-cells against colon cancer cells, as well classification of algae cell strains with high and low lipid content. The label-free screening averts the negative impact of staining reagents on cellular viability or cell signaling. The combination of time stretch machine vision and learning offers unprecedented cell analysis capabilities for cancer diagnostics, drug development and liquid biopsy for personalized genomics.
In vitro degradation and cytocompatibility of Magnesium-Zinc-Strontium alloys with human embryonic stem cells (2012)

Magnesium-based alloys have attracted great interest for medical applications due to their unique biodegradable capability and desirable mechanical properties. When considered for medical applications, the degradation rate of these alloys must be tailored so that: (i) it does not exceed the rate at which the degradation products can be excreted from the body, and (ii) it is slow enough so that the load bearing properties of the implant are not jeopardized and do not conflict prior to and during synthesis of new tissue. Implant integration with surrounding cells and tissues and mechanical stability are critical aspects for clinical success. This study investigated Magnesium-Zinc-Strontium (ZSr41) alloy degradation rates and the interaction of the degradation products with human embryonic stem cells (hESC) over a 72 hour period. An in vitro hESC model was chosen due to the higher sensitivity of ESCs to known toxicants which allows to potentially detect toxicological effects of new biomaterials at an early stage. Four distinct ZSr41 compositions (0.15 wt.%, 0.5 wt.%, 1 wt.%, and 1.5 wt.% Sr) were designed and produced through metallurgical processing. ZSr41 alloy mechanical properties, degradation, and cytocompatibility were investigated and compared to pure polished Magnesium (Mg). Mechanical properties evaluated included hardness, ultimate tensile strength, and elongation to failure. Degradation was characterized by measuring total weight loss of samples and pH change in the cell culture media. Cytocompatibility was studied by comparing fluorescence and phase contrast images of hESCs after co-culture with Mg alloys. Results indicated that the Mg-Zn-Sr alloy with 0.15 wt.% Sr improved cytocompatibility and provided slower degradation as compared with pure Mg.
Organic Electronics (2020)

Abstract Organic electronics is a platform for very low cost and high performance optoelectronic and electronic devices that cover large areas, are lightweight, and can be both flexible and conformable to irregularly shaped surfaces such as foldable smart phones. Organics are at the core of the global organic light emitting device (OLED) display industry, and also having use in efficient lighting sources, solar cells, and thin film transistors useful in medical and a range of other sensing, memory and logic applications. This book introduces the theoretical foundations and practical realization of devices in organic electronics. It is a product of both one and two semester courses that have been taught over a period of more than two decades. The target audiences are students at all levels of graduate studies, highly motivated senior undergraduates, and practicing engineers and scientists. The book is divided into two sections. Part I, Foundations, lays down the fundamental principles of the field of organic electronics. It is assumed that the reader has an elementary knowledge of quantum mechanics, and electricity and magnetism. Background knowledge of organic chemistry is not required. Part II, Applications, focuses on organic electronic devices. It begins with a discussion of organic thin film deposition and patterning, followed by chapters on organic light emitters, detectors, and thin film transistors. The last chapter describes several devices and phenomena that are not covered in the previous chapters, since they lie outside of the current mainstream of the field, but are nevertheless important.
Non-orthogonal subband/transform coder (1993)

The present invention is directed to a simplified digital subband coder/decoder. In the present invention a signal is fed into a coder. The coder uses a non-orthogonal algorithm that is simply implemented in the coder hardware. The simple non-orthogonal design is then used in the implementation of the decoder to decode the signal.
Polarization analysis and polarization filtering of three-component signals with the time-frequency<i>S</i>transform (2006)

From basic Fourier theory, a one-component signal can be expressed as a superposition of sinusoidal oscillations in time, with the Fourier amplitude and phase spectra describing the contribution of each sinusoid to the total signal. By extension, three-component signals can be thought of as superpositions of sinusoids oscillating in the x-, y-, and z-directions, which, when considered one frequency at a time, trace out elliptical motion in three-space. Thus the total three-component signal can be thought of as a superposition of ellipses. The information contained in the Fourier spectra of the x-, y-, and z-components of the signal can then be re-expressed as Fourier spectra of the elements of these ellipses, namely: the lengths of their semi-major and semi-minor axes, the strike and dip of each ellipse plane, the pitch of the major axis, and the phase of the particle motion at each frequency. The same type of reasoning can be used with windowed Fourier transforms (such as the S transform), to give time-varying spectra of the elliptical elements. These can be used to design signal-adaptive polarization filters that reject signal components with specific polarization properties. Filters of this type are not restricted to reducing the whole amplitude of any particular ellipse; for example, the 'linear' part of the ellipse can be retained while the 'circular' part is rejected. This paper describes the mathematics behind this technique, and presents three examples: an earthquake seismogram that is first separated into linear and circular parts, and is later filtered specifically to remove the Rayleigh wave; and two shot gathers, to which similar Rayleigh-wave filters have been applied on a trace-by-trace basis.
Characterization of three-color CARS in a two-pulse broadband CARS spectrum (2007)

We demonstrate that a broadband coherent anti-Stokes Raman scattering (CARS) spectrum generated with a typical two-pulse scheme contains two distinct, significant signals: '2-color' CARS, where the pump and probe are provided by a narrowband pulse and the continuum pulse constitutes the Stokes light, and '3-color' CARS, where the pump and Stokes are provided by two different frequency components in the continuum pulse and the narrowband pulse serves as the probe. The CARS spectra from the two different mechanisms show distinct characteristics in Raman shift range, laser power dependence, and chirping dependence. We discuss the potential for a 3-color CARS signal to cover the fingerprint region with reduced photodamage of live cells. Official contribution of the National Institute of Standards and Technology; not subject to copyright in the United States.
A Middle Ear Microphone Design Based on the Physiology of the Human Ear (2011)

A capacitive displacement sensor matching the physiological characteristic of the human middle ear is presented. The transducer measures tiny deflections of the umbo, a part of the middle ear bone chain, to evaluate sound events stimulating the eardrum. Compared to other approaches, our sensor delivers a lower susceptibility to gravity due to a higher resonant frequency. Furthermore, measurement results in the lower frequency range are competitive to other research groups. Within the frequency range of 200 Hz to 10 kHz, a resolution of 4 pm is achieved using a signal processing bandwidth of 100 Hz. This resolution is equivalent to the lower threshold of speech or to a loudness level of 40 phon.
Identification of single‐domain, Bax‐specific intrabodies that confer resistance to mammalian cells against oxidative‐stress‐induced apoptosis (2006)

Bax is a proapoptotic protein implicated in cell death involved in several neurodegenerative diseases. Intracellularly expressed antibody (Ab) fragments (intrabodies) inhibiting Bax function would have potential for developing therapeutics for the aforementioned diseases and can serve as research tools. We report identification, cloning, and functional characterization of several Bax‐specific single‐domain antibodies (sdAbs). These minimal size Ab fragments, which were isolated from a llama V H H phage display library by panning, inhibited Bax function in in vitro assays. Importantly, as intrabodies, these sdAbs, which were stably expressed in mammalian cells, were nontoxic to their host cells and rendered them highly resistant to oxidative‐stress‐induced apoptosis. The intrabodies prevented mitochondrial membrane potential collapse and apoptosis after oxidative stress in the host cells. These anti‐Bax V H H s could be used as tools for studying the role of Bax in oxidative‐stress‐induced apoptosis and for developing novel therapeutics for the degenerative diseases involving oxidative stress.—Gueorguieva, D., Li, S., Walsh, N., Mukerji, A., Tanha, J., Pandey, S. Identification of single‐domain, Bax‐specific intrabodies that confer resistance to mammalian cells against oxidative‐stress‐induced apoptosis. FASEB J. 20, E2209–E2219 (2006)
Repetitive, pulsed electron heating in atmospheric pressure glow discharges (2002)

Summary form only given, as follows. Atmospheric pressure plasmas have gained much interest because of their possible uses as plasma reactors, as light sources, for thin film deposition or surface modification, and as plasma ramparts. For plasma ramparts the electron density needs to be on the order of 10/sup 13/ cm/sup -3/ at a gas temperature below 2000 K. At equilibrium conditions, where the electron energy distribution (EEDF) is fully determined by the reduced electric field, E/N, the power required to sustain such plasmas is on the order of 5 kW/cm/sup 3/. However, by shifting the EEDF temporarily (on a time scale of less than the time constant for glow-to-arc transition) towards higher energies, and consequently increase the rate coefficient for ionization it is possible to reduce the average sustaining power considerably. This power savings effect has been demonstrated with a single 10 ns pulse applied to a DC glow in atmospheric pressure air. As a first step towards repetitive pulsed electric field operation, required to obtain a semi-DC plasma with high average electron density we have designed and constructed two types of dual pulse generators. Both utilize 10 /spl Omega/ pulse forming networks (PFN) in a strip line configuration with high-pressure spark gaps as switches. The first generator concept utilizes two pulse generators operated in parallel, which deliver the two subsequent pulses directly to the load. The trigger pulses for the two switches can be adjusted in time between 1 /spl mu/s and 10 ms. The second concept utilizes two PFNs, which are arranged in series. After the first PFN is discharged into the load through a high power switch, the second PFN will be discharged into the first one, which then acts as a regular transmission line. Pulse amplitudes of 13 kV have been reached, but amplitudes of up to 50 kV seem to be possible.
E-QED: Electrical Bug Localization During Post-Silicon Validation\n Enabled by Quick Error Detection and Formal Methods (2017)

During post-silicon validation, manufactured integrated circuits are\nextensively tested in actual system environments to detect design bugs. Bug\nlocalization involves identification of a bug trace (a sequence of inputs that\nactivates and detects the bug) and a hardware design block where the bug is\nlocated. Existing bug localization practices during post-silicon validation are\nmostly manual and ad hoc, and, hence, extremely expensive and time consuming.\nThis is particularly true for subtle electrical bugs caused by unexpected\ninteractions between a design and its electrical state. We present E-QED, a new\napproach that automatically localizes electrical bugs during post-silicon\nvalidation. Our results on the OpenSPARC T2, an open-source\n500-million-transistor multicore chip design, demonstrate the effectiveness and\npracticality of E-QED: starting with a failed post-silicon test, in a few hours\n(9 hours on average) we can automatically narrow the location of the bug to\n(the fan-in logic cone of) a handful of candidate flip-flops (18 flip-flops on\naverage for a design with ~ 1 Million flip-flops) and also obtain the\ncorresponding bug trace. The area impact of E-QED is ~2.5%. In contrast,\ndeter-mining this same information might take weeks (or even months) of mostly\nmanual work using traditional approaches.\n
Radiation and ultrasound-triggered bubble contrast agents based on superheated drops (2000)

Superheated drop compositions have been formulated for infusion in the body. Low doses of x rays or diagnostic ultrasound pulses are sufficient to nucleate the vaporization of these drops, producing bubbles that can serve as ultrasound contrast agents for imaging. Drugs can be carried in the drop material and can be released at a specific site where the radiation or ultrasound is focused. The current work describes the status of: (1) the optimization of the components that make up the composition, which include the superheated material, another liquid to adjust the degree of superheated, an encapsulant, and possibly a drug; (2) tests of the sensitivity of these drops to being triggered either by x rays or sufficiently intense pulses of ultrasound; (3) the analytic tools for characterizing the compositions and their triggering; and (4) the practical challenges to making this system suitable for clinical application.
Out-of-Band Authentication in Group Messaging: Computational, Statistical, Optimal. (2018)

Extensive efforts are currently put into securing messaging platforms, where a key challenge is that of protecting against man-in-the-middle attacks when setting up secure end-to-end channels. The vast majority of these efforts, however, have so far focused on securing user-to-user messaging, and recent attacks indicate that the security of group messaging is still quite fragile.
Silicon permeable base transistors fabricated with a new submicron technique (1982)

A new approach for the fabrication of Peameable Base Transistors (PBT) has been realized with silicon. This approach uses highly anisotropic orientation dependent chemical etch to form U-grooves in silicon and self-aligned metal evaporation to form emitter contact and base schottky barrier. A new submicron technique, capable of fabricating microstructures with a few hundred angstrom dimensions, has been developed and used to meet the dimensional requirement for PBT. Computer simulation of the new PBT structures indicates there is no significant difference in performance from the previous structures with embedded base.
X-Optogenetics and U-Optogenetics: Feasibility and Possibilities (2015)

Optogenetics is an established technique that uses visible light to modulate membrane voltage in neural cells. Although optogenetics allows researchers to study parts of the brain like never before, it is limited because it is invasive, and visible light cannot travel very deeply into tissue. This paper proposes two new techniques that remedy these challenges. The first is x-optogenetics, which uses visible light-emitting nanophosphors stimulated by focused x-rays. X-rays can penetrate much more deeply than infrared light and allow for nerve cell stimulation in any part of the brain. The second is u-optogenetics, which is an application of sonoluminescence to optogenetics. Such a technique uses ultrasound waves instead of x-rays to induce light emission, so there would be no introduction of radiation. However, the tradeoff is that the penetration depth of ultrasound is less than that of x-ray. The key issues affecting feasibility are laid out for further investigation into both x-optogenetics and u-optogenetics.
Use of Modified Live Vaccines in Aquaculture (2009)

Abstract Vaccination is an important disease management strategy used to maintain human and animal health worldwide. Vaccines developed for aquaculture have reduced antibiotic use in fish production. Original fish vaccines were bacterins (formalin‐killed bacteria) delivered through immersion or injection that induced humoral (antibody) immunity. Next generation vaccines relied on multiple killed antigens delivered with an adjuvant to enhance vaccine effectiveness. Work in the 1990s showed the use of various strategies to develop modified live vaccines for use in fish. A modified live vaccine is a live pathogen that has been rendered non‐pathogenic or avirulent by physical, chemical, or genetic engineering methods. The modified live vaccine typically retains its ability to infect the host which allows for effective presentation of protective antigens to generate cellular immunity (CD4 or CD8 T‐cell responses). Modified live vaccines are advantageous in that they can be easily delivered (i.e., by immersion to young fish) and stimulate both humoral and cellular immunity of long duration. Disadvantages include issues with modified live vaccine safety to the host and environment. A successful modified live vaccine for use in warm water aquaculture is used to highlight the live vaccine strategy.
Sustained Photobiological Hydrogen Gas Production upon Reversible Inactivation of Oxygen Evolution in the Green Alga<i>Chlamydomonas reinhardtii</i>  (2000)

The work describes a novel approach for sustained photobiological production of H(2) gas via the reversible hydrogenase pathway in the green alga Chlamydomonas reinhardtii. This single-organism, two-stage H(2) production method circumvents the severe O(2) sensitivity of the reversible hydrogenase by temporally separating photosynthetic O(2) evolution and carbon accumulation (stage 1) from the consumption of cellular metabolites and concomitant H(2) production (stage 2). A transition from stage 1 to stage 2 was effected upon S deprivation of the culture, which reversibly inactivated photosystem II (PSII) and O(2) evolution. Under these conditions, oxidative respiration by the cells in the light depleted O(2) and caused anaerobiosis in the culture, which was necessary and sufficient for the induction of the reversible hydrogenase. Subsequently, sustained cellular H(2) gas production was observed in the light but not in the dark. The mechanism of H(2) production entailed protein consumption and electron transport from endogenous substrate to the cytochrome b(6)-f and PSI complexes in the chloroplast thylakoids. Light absorption by PSI was required for H(2) evolution, suggesting that photoreduction of ferredoxin is followed by electron donation to the reversible hydrogenase. The latter catalyzes the reduction of protons to molecular H(2) in the chloroplast stroma.