gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Estimating near‐infrared leaf reflectance from leaf structural characteristics (2001)

The relationship between near-infrared reflectance at 800 nm (NIRR) from leaves and characteristics of leaf structure known to affect photosynthesis was investigated in 48 species of alpine angiosperms. This wavelength was selected to discriminate the effects of leaf structure vs. chemical or water content on leaf reflectance. A quantitative model was first constructed correlating NIRR with leaf structural characteristics for six species, and then validated using all 48 species. Among the structural characteristics tested in the reflectance model were leaf trichome density, the presence or absence of both leaf bicoloration and a thick leaf cuticle (>1 μm), leaf thickness, the ratio of palisade mesophyll to spongy mesophyll thickness (PM/SM), the proportion of the mesophyll occupied by intercellular air spaces (%IAS), and the ratio of mesophyll cell surface area exposed to IAS (A(mes)) per unit leaf surface area (A), or A(mes)/A. Multiple regression analysis showed that measured NIRR was highly correlated with A(mes)/A, leaf bicoloration, and the presence of a thick leaf cuticle (r = 0.93). In contrast, correlations between NIRR and leaf trichome density, leaf thickness, the PM/SM ratio, or %IAS were relatively weak (r < 0.25). A model incorporating A(mes)/A, leaf bicoloration, and cuticle thickness predicted NIRR accurately for 48 species (r = 0.43; P < 0.01) and may be useful for linking remotely sensed data to plant structure and function.
Requirement for a Growth Substrate During Lignin Decomposition by Two Wood-Rotting Fungi (1976)

Decomposition of C-labeled lignin to CO(2) by the lignin-decomposing fungi Phanerochaete chrysosporium and Coriolus versicolor required a growth substrate such as cellulose or glucose. Growth with lignin as sole carbon addition to an otherwise complete medium was negligible.
Jobshop scheduling with imprecise durations: a fuzzy approach (1997)

Jobshop scheduling problems are NP-hard problems. The durations in the reality of manufacturing are often imprecise and the imprecision in data is very critical for the scheduling procedures. Therefore, the fuzzy approach, in the framework of the Dempster-Shafer theory, commands attention. The fuzzy numbers are considered as sets of possible probabilistic distributions. After a review of some issues concerning fuzzy numbers, we discuss the determination of a unique optimal solution of the problem and then we cast a meta-heuristic (simulated annealing-SA) to this particular framework for optimization. It should be stressed that the obtained schedule remains feasible for all realizations of the operations durations.
1.25 Gbps wireless Gigabit ethernet link at 60 GHz-band (2003)

A 1.25 Gbps 60 GHz-band full duplex wireless Gigabit Ethernet link has been developed. Direct ASK modulation and demodulation scheme is adopted for the 60 GHz-band transceiver. CPW MMIC's and planar filters are flip-chip mounted in TX and RX LTCC MCM's. The wireless Gigabit Ethernet link has the function of converting an optical fiber link to a wireless link seamlessly combining a 60 GHz-band transceiver with a 1000Base-SX optical in/out module. The size is 159/spl times/97/spl times/44 mm/sup 3/.
[The clearance function of the bronchial epithelium]. (1995)

Modern literature is reviewed in terms of different views on cytological basis of clearing function of the bronchial epithelium, on the whole, and of its separate parts. Different factors influencing the mucociliary clearance are described. The necessity to elaborate some better, more objective methods of clearance disturbances diagnosis is emphasized. Principal attention is paid to regenerative-restorative processes, which normally occur in the bronchial epithelium, and to expediency of influencing them.
Inhibition of Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 Tat- <i>trans</i> -Activation-Responsive Region Interaction by an Antiviral Quinolone Derivative (2004)

WM5, a 6-aminoquinolone derivative, binds with high affinity to the bulge of the trans-activation-responsive region (TAR), whereas it displays low binding affinity for the loop and stem regions of TAR and for random RNA and DNA sequences. Furthermore, WM5 disrupts the natural protein-nucleic acid complex with a 50% inhibitory concentration in the low micromolar range in both in vitro and in vivo assays.
The fluctuating wall-shear stress and the velocity field in the viscous sublayer (1988)

The fluctuating wall-shear stress was measured with various types of hot-wire and hot-film sensors in turbulent boundary-layer and channel flows. The rms level of the streamwise wall-shear stress fluctuations was found to be 40% of the mean value, which was substantiated by measurements of the streamwise velocity fluctuations in the viscous sublayer. Heat transfer to the fluid via the probe substrate was found to give significant differences between the static and dynamic response for standard flush-mounted hot-film probes with air or oil as the flow medium, whereas measurements in water were shown to be essentially unaffected by this problem.
Expression and Function of mARC: Roles in Lipogenesis and Metabolic Activation of Ximelagatran (2015)

Recently two novel enzymes were identified in the outer mitochondrial membrane, mARC1 and mARC2. These molybdenum containing enzymes can reduce a variety of N-hydroxylated compounds, such as N-hydroxy-guanidines and sulfohydroxamic acids, as well as convert nitrite into nitric oxide (NO). However, their endogenous functions remain unknown. Here we demonstrate a specific developmental pattern of expression of these enzymes. mARC1, but not mARC2, was found to be expressed in fetal human liver, whereas both, in particular mARC2, are abundant in adult liver and also expressed in omental and subcutaneous fat. Caloric diet restriction of obese patients caused a decreased expression of mARC2 in liver, similar to that seen in the livers of starved rats. Knock down of mARC2 expression by siRNA in murine adipocytes had statistically significant effect on the level of diglycerides and on the fatty acid composition of some triglycerides, concomitantly a clear trend toward the reduced formation of most of triglyceride and phospholipid species was observed. The involvement of mARC2 in the metabolism of the hepatotoxic drug ximelagatran was evaluated in hepatocytes and adipocytes. Ximelagatran was shown to cause oxidative stress and knock down of mARC2 in adipocytes prevented ximelagatran induced inhibition of mitochondrial respiration. In conclusion, our data indicate that mARC1 and mARC2 have different developmental expression profiles, and that mARC2 is involved in lipogenesis, is regulated by nutritional status and responsible for activation of ximelagatran into a mitotoxic metabolite(s).
Deep Convolutional Neural Models for Picture-Quality Prediction: Challenges and Solutions to Data-Driven Image Quality Assessment (2017)

Convolutional neural networks (CNNs) have been shown to deliver standout performance on a wide variety of visual information processing applications. However, this rapidly developing technology has only recently been applied with systematic energy to the problem of picture-quality prediction, primarily because of limitations imposed by a lack of adequate ground-truth human subjective data. This situation has begun to change with the development of promising data-gathering methods that are driving new approaches to deep-learning-based perceptual picture-quality prediction. Here, we assay progress in this rapidly evolving field, focusing, in particular, on new ways to collect large quantities of ground-truth data and on recent CNN-based picture-quality prediction models that deliver excellent results in a large, real-world, picture-quality database.
Quantification of Faecalibacterium prausnitzii- and Subdoligranulum variabile-like bacteria in the cecum of chickens by real-time PCR (2010)

The intestinal microbial community is playing an important role in health and production performance of chickens. To understand the effect on the intestinal microflora induced by various feeding strategies, feed additives, infections, and intestinal disorders, it is important to have methods for quantifying potentially important bacteria in the intestine. We describe a real-time quantitative assay for detection and quantification of a whole group of Faecalibacterium prausnitzii and Subdoligranulum variabile-like bacteria, which has recently been found to dominate in the cecum of broiler chickens. The F. prausnitzii-S. variabile-like bacteria were quantified using a multiprobe assay in which one primer set was used to amplify DNA from all bacteria, whereas 2 probes detected all bacteria and the group of F. prausnitzii-S. variabile-like bacteria, respectively. The multiprobe assay accurately quantified the percentage of this group in a sample if it constituted more than approximately 5% of the total bacterial community. If the fraction of F. prausnitzii-S. variabile-like bacteria was lower than 5%, a duplex assay was applied in which the total bacteria were amplified in one tube and the F. prausnitzii-S. variabile-like group of bacteria was amplified in another tube using a specific forward primer. The F. prausnitzii-S. variabile-like group of bacteria was quantified in the cecum and ileum of conventional and organic raised chickens, in chickens kept in an isolator from 1 d of age, and in hatcher material. Quantification of this group of F. prausnitzii-S. variabile-like bacteria has not been performed before by real-time PCR, but results confirm previous results obtained by cloning and sequencing showing that the F. prausnitzii-S. variabile-like group of bacteria constitutes a major fraction of the cecal bacterial community in chickens. Furthermore, results indicate that the poultry farm environment plays a role in recruitment and development of these bacteria in the intestinal microflora.
Peyronie’s Disease: A Review (2003)

Currently patients with Peyronie's disease have had improvements in prognosis and experienced an expansion of the available therapeutic options.
Plasmon assisted thermal modulation in nanoparticles (2013)

Single-particle interactions hold the promise of nanometer-scale devices in areas such as data communications and storage, nanolithography, waveguides, renewable energy and therapeutics. We propose that the collective electronic properties possessed by noble metal nanoparticles may be exploited for device actuation via the unapparent mechanism of plasmon-assisted heat generation and flux. The temperature dependence of the dielectric function and the thermal transport properties of the particles play the central role in the feasibility of the thermally-actuated system, however the behavior of these thermoplasmonic processes is unclear. We experimentally and computationally analyzed modulation via thermoplasmonic processes on a test system of gold (Au) nano-islands. Modulation and energy transport in discontinuous domains exhibited quantitatively different characteristics compared to thin films. The results have implications for all surface plasmon based nano-devices where inevitable small-scale thermal processes are present.
Solution- and Solid-Phase Strategies for the Design, Synthesis, and Screening of Libraries Based on Natural Product Templates:  A Comprehensive Survey (2001)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEReviewNEXTSolution- and Solid-Phase Strategies for the Design, Synthesis, and Screening of Libraries Based on Natural Product Templates: A Comprehensive SurveyDennis G. Hall, Sukhdev Manku, and Fan WangView Author Information Department of Chemistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2G2 Canada Cite this: J. Comb. Chem. 2001, 3, 2, 125–150Publication Date (Web):February 8, 2001Publication History Received20 November 2000Published online8 February 2001Published inissue 1 March 2001https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/cc0001001https://doi.org/10.1021/cc0001001review-articleACS PublicationsCopyright © 2001 American Chemical SocietyRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views1523Altmetric-Citations165LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access options SUBJECTS:Cells,Genetics,Mixtures,Organic polymers,Pharmaceuticals Get e-Alerts
A mutation in the <i>Arabidopsis thaliana</i> cell wall biosynthesis gene <i>pectin methylesterase 3</i> as well as its aberrant expression cause hypersensitivity specifically to Zn (2013)

Defects in metal homeostasis factors are often accompanied by the loss of metal tolerance. Therefore, we screened for mutants with compromised growth in the presence of excess Zn(2+) in order to identify factors involved in Zn biology in plants. Here we report the isolation of six ozs (overly Zn sensitive) ethyl methanesulfonate Arabidopsis thaliana mutants with contrasting patterns of metal sensitivity, and the molecular characterization of two mutants hypersensitive specifically to Zn(2+) . Mutant ozs1 represents a non-functional allele of the vacuolar Zn transporter AtMTP1, providing additional genetic evidence for its major role in Zn(2+) tolerance in seedlings. Mutant ozs2 carries a semi-dominant mutation in the gene encoding pectin methylesterase 3 (AtPME3), an enzyme catalyzing demethylesterification of pectin. The mutation results in impaired proteolytic processing of AtPME3. Ectopic expression of AtPME3 causes strong Zn(2+) hypersensitivity that is tightly correlated with transcript abundance. Together these observations suggest detrimental effects on Golgi-localized processes. The ozs2 but not the ozs1 phenotype can be suppressed by extra Ca(2+) , indicating changes in apoplastic cation-binding capacity. However, we did not detect any changes in bulk metal-binding capacity, overall pectin methylesterification status or cell wall ultrastructure in ozs2, leading us to hypothesize that the ozs2 mutation causes hypersensitivity towards the specific interference of Zn ions with cell wall-controlled growth processes.
Books (1980)

Journal Article Books Get access The Consort and Keyboard Music of William Byrd (The Music of William Byrd, 3) OLIVER NEIGHBOUR FarberLondon, 1978, £15 WARWICK EDWARDS WARWICK EDWARDS Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Early Music, Volume 8, Issue 1, January 1980, Pages 93–94, https://doi.org/10.1093/earlyj/8.1.93 Published: 01 January 1980
Engineering the Stereochemistry of Cephalosporin for Specific Detection of Pathogenic Carbapenemase‐Expressing Bacteria (2014)

Reported herein is the design of fluorogenic probes specific for carbapenem-resistant Enterobacteriaceae (CRE) and they were designed based on stereochemically modified cephalosporin having a 6,7-trans configuration. Through experiments using recombinant β-lactamase enzymes and live bacterial species, these probes demonstrate the potential for use in the specific detection of carbapenemases, including metallo-β-lactamases in active bacterial pathogens.
First-principles calculation of elastic moduli of early-late transition metal alloys (2014)

Motivated by interest in the elastic properties of high-strength amorphous metals, we examine the elastic properties of select crystalline phases. Using first-principles methods, we calculate elastic moduli in various chemical systems containing transition metals, specifically early (Ta,W) and late (Co,Ni). Theoretically predicted alloy elastic properties are verified for Ni-Ta by comparison with experimental measurements using resonant ultrasound spectroscopy. Comparison of our computed elastic moduli with effective medium theories shows that alloying leads to enhancement of bulk moduli relative to averages of the pure elements and considerable deviation of predicted and computed shear moduli. Specifically, we find an enhancement of bulk modulus relative to effective medium theory and propose a candidate system for high-strength, ductile amorphous alloys. Trends in the elastic properties of chemical systems are analyzed using force constants, electronic densities of state, and crystal overlap Hamilton populations. We interpret our findings in terms of the electronic structure of the alloys.
Disposable collection kit for rapid and reliable collection of saliva (2015)

The disposable saliva collection kit allows accurate and repeatable collection of fixed amounts of whole saliva and does not interfere with subsequent measurements of salivary cortisol. The simple collection process, lack of elaborate specimen recovery steps, and the short turnaround time (<3 min) should render the kit attractive to test subjects and researchers alike.
Ultrathin Bronchoscopy as an Adjunct to Standard Bronchoscopy in the Diagnosis of Peripheral Lung Lesions (2002)

Ultrathin bronchoscopy appears to be a useful adjunct to standard bronchoscopy by providing an accurate pathway to the lesion in question. However, further studies with larger patient groups are warranted.
The analysis and compensation of dead-time effects in PWM inverters (1991)

The quantitative prediction of the dead-time effect in pulse width modulated (PWM) inverters is addressed. Through analysis and simulation it is shown that the effect results in a decrease of the fundamental component and an increase in the low-order harmonics in the output voltage of the inverter. To compensate the effect, two simple methods, which are adequate for sinusoidal PWM and memory-based PWM, respectively, are presented. Experimental results show the validity of the analysis and the usefulness of the compensation methods.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Correlation of α-Fetoprotein Expression in Normal Hepatocytes during Development with Tyrosine Phosphorylation and Insulin Receptor Expression (1998)

The molecular mechanism of hepatic cell growth and differentiation is ill defined. In the present study, we examined the putative role of tyrosine phosphorylation in normal rat liver development and in an in vitro model, the alpha-fetoprotein-producing (AFP+) and AFP-nonproducing (AFP-) clones of the McA-RH 7777 rat hepatoma. We demonstrated in vivo and in vitro that the AFP+ phenotype is clearly associated with enhanced tyrosine phosphorylation, as assessed by immunoblotting and flow cytometry. Moreover, immunoprecipitation of proteins with anti-phosphotyrosine antibody showed that normal fetal hepatocytes expressed the same phosphorylation pattern as stable AFP+ clones and likewise for adult hepatocytes and AFP- clones. The tyrosine phosphorylation of several proteins, including the beta-subunit of the insulin receptor, insulin receptor substrate-1, p85 regulatory subunit of phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase, and ras-guanosine triphosphatase-activating protein, was observed in AFP+ clones, whereas the same proteins were not phosphorylated in AFP- clones. We also observed that fetal hepatocytes and the AFP+ clones express 4 times more of the insulin receptor beta-subunit compared with adult hepatocytes and AFP- clones and, accordingly, that these AFP+ clones were more responsive to exogenous insulin in terms of protein tyrosine phosphorylation. Finally, growth rate in cells of AFP+ clones was higher than that measured in cells of AFP- clones, and inhibition of phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase by LY294002 and Wortmannin blocked insulin- and serum-stimulated DNA synthesis only in cells of AFP+ clones. These studies provide evidences in support of the hypothesis that signaling via insulin prevents hepatocyte differentiation by promoting fetal hepatocyte growth.
Adaptive infrared-reflecting systems inspired by cephalopods (2018)

Materials and systems that statically reflect radiation in the infrared region of the electromagnetic spectrum underpin the performance of many entrenched technologies, including building insulation, energy-conserving windows, spacecraft components, electronics shielding, container packaging, protective clothing, and camouflage platforms. The development of their adaptive variants, in which the infrared-reflecting properties dynamically change in response to external stimuli, has emerged as an important unmet scientific challenge. By drawing inspiration from cephalopod skin, we developed adaptive infrared-reflecting platforms that feature a simple actuation mechanism, low working temperature, tunable spectral range, weak angular dependence, fast response, stability to repeated cycling, amenability to patterning and multiplexing, autonomous operation, robust mechanical properties, and straightforward manufacturability. Our findings may open opportunities for infrared camouflage and other technologies that regulate infrared radiation.
Live video synopsis for multiple cameras (2015)

Video surveillance cameras generate most of recorded video, and there is far more recorded video than operators can watch. Much progress has recently been made using summarization of recorded video, but such techniques do not have much impact on live video surveillance. We assume a camera hierarchy where a Master camera observes the decision-critical region, and one or more Slave cameras observe regions where past activity is important for making the current decision. We propose that when people appear in the live Master camera, the Slave cameras will display their past activities, and the operator could use past information for real-time decision making. The basic units of our method are action tubes, representing objects and their trajectories over time. Our object-based method has advantages over frame based methods, as it can handle multiple people, multiple activities for each person, and can address re-identification uncertainty.
Enzyme Electrokinetics:  Using Protein Film Voltammetry To Investigate Redox Enzymes and Their Mechanisms (2003)

Protein film voltammetry is a relatively new approach to studying redox enzymes, the concept being that a sample of a redox protein is configured as a film on an electrode and probed by a variety of electrochemical techniques. The enzyme molecules are bound at the electrode surface in such a way that there is fast electron transfer and complete retention of the chemistry of the active site that is observed in more conventional experiments. Modulations of the electrode potential or catalytic turnover result in the movement of electrons to, from, and within the enzyme; this is detected as a current that varies in characteristic ways with time and potential. Henceforth, the potential dimension is introduced into enzyme kinetics. The presence of additional intrinsic redox centers for providing fast intramolecular electron transfer between a buried active site and the protein surface is an important factor. Centers which carry out cooperative two-electron transfer, most obviously flavins, produce a particularly sharp signal that allows them to be observed, even as transient states, when spectroscopic methods are not useful. High catalytic activity produces a large amplification of the current, and useful information can be obtained even if the coverage on the electrode is low. Certain enzymes display optimum activity at a particular potential, and this can be both mechanistically informative and physiologically relevant. This paper outlines the principles of protein film voltammetry by discussing some recent results from this laboratory.