gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Calcium released by photolysis of DM‐nitrophen stimulates transmitter release at squid giant synapse. (1990)

1. Transmitter release at the squid giant synapse was stimulated by photolytic release of Ca2+ from the 'caged' Ca2+ compound DM-nitrophen (Kaplan & Ellis-Davies, 1988) inserted into presynaptic terminals. 2. Competing binding reactions cause the amount of Ca2+ released by DM-nitrophen photolysis to depend on the concentrations of DM-nitrophen, total Ca2+, Mg+, ATP and native cytoplasmic Ca2+ buffer. Measurements of presynaptic [Ca2+] changes by co-injection of the fluorescent indicator dye Fura-2 show that DM-nitrophen photolysis causes a transient rise in Ca2+ followed by decay within about 150 ms to an increased steady-state level. 3. Rapid photolysis of Ca2(+)-loaded nitrophen within the presynaptic terminal was followed in less than a millisecond by depolarization of the postsynaptic membrane. As with action potential-evoked excitatory postsynaptic potentials (EPSPs), the light-evoked response was partially and reversibly blocked by 1-3 mM-kainic acid which desensitizes postsynaptic glutamate receptors. 4. Release was similar in magnitude and rate to normal action potential-mediated EPSPs. 5. The release of transmitter by photolysis of Ca2(+)-loaded DM-nitrophen was not affected by removal of Ca2+ from the saline or addition of tetrodotoxin. Photolysis of DM-nitrophen injected into presynaptic terminals without added Ca2+ did not stimulate release of transmitter nor did it interfere with normal action potential-mediated release. 6. Stimulation of presynaptic action potentials in Ca2(+)-free saline during the light-evoked response did not elicit increased release of transmitter if the ganglion was bathed in Ca2(+)-free saline, i.e. in the absence of Ca2+ influx. Increasing the intensity of the light or stimulating presynaptic action potentials in Ca2(+)-containing saline increased the release of transmitter. Therefore the failure of presynaptic voltage change to increase transmitter release resulting from release of caged Ca2+ was not due to saturation or inhibition of the release mechanism by light-released Ca2+. 7. Decreasing the temperature of the preparation increased the delay to onset of the light-evoked response and reduced its amplitude and rate of rise to an extent similar to that observed for action potential-evoked EPSPs.
Cloning, sequencing and expression in <i>Escherichia coli</i> of Pha a 1 and four isoforms of Pha a 5, the major allergens of canary grass pollen (1995)

Group 1 and four isoforms of group 5 allergens of canary grass pollen have been cloned and upon sequencing demonstrated strong nucleotide and amino acid sequence identities with other group 1 and 5 grass pollen allergens.
Preparation and characterization of porous polyelectrolyte complex membranes for nanofiltration (2014)

Flexible and freestanding PEC membranes for nanofiltration are prepared through a combination of blend film casting and ammonia soaking procedure.
Isolation of Human Transcribed Sequences from Human-Rodent Somatic Cell Hybrids (1989)

A method was developed for selectively isolating genes from localized regions of the human genome that are contained in interspecific hybrid cells. Complementary human DNA was prepared from a human-rodent somatic cell hybrid that contained less than 1% human DNA, by using consensus 5' intron splice sequences as primers. These primers would select immature, unspliced messenger RNA (still retaining species-specific repeat sequences) as templates. Screening a derived complementary DNA library for human repeat sequences resulted in the isolation of human clones at the anticipated frequency with characteristics expected of exons of transcribed human genes--single copy sequences that hybridized to discrete bands on Northern (RNA) blots.
Fast-food-based hyper-alimentation can induce rapid and profound elevation of serum alanine aminotransferase in healthy subjects (2008)

Hyper-alimentation per se can induce profound ALT elevations in less than 4 weeks. Our study clearly shows that in the evaluation of subjects with elevated ALT the medical history should include not only questions about alcohol intake but also explore whether recent excessive food intake has occurred.
Symbiosis of nurse and machine through fuzzy logic: Improved specificity of a neonatal pulse oximeter alarm (1995)

This article describes the theoretical underpinnings that preceded the design of a new neonatal pulse oximeter alarm that differentiates true from false alarms based on an artificial intelligence theory called "fuzzy logic." The connection between the intuition and sense of advocacy gained through neonatal primary nursing and the application of fuzzy logic to solve the problem of false alarms--that is, the symbiosis between nurse and machine--are explained. Emphasis is placed throughout on the importance of involving nurses in the development of the technology for which they are responsible.
Ternary-level thermometer C-DAC switching scheme for flash-assisted SAR ADCs (2015)

A ternary-level thermometer capacitive digital-to-analog converter (C-DAC) switching scheme is proposed for flash-assisted successive-approximation register (FA-SAR) analog-to-digital converters (ADCs). By minimizing the capacitor reference switching operations of the C-DAC with the help of thermometer codes readily available from the assistant flash ADC, integral nonlinearity (INL) and differential nonlinearity (DNL), as well as C-DAC switching energy, are significantly improved from conventional switching schemes, which in turn makes near thermal-noise-limited capacitor designs feasible without complex capacitor weight calibrations.
Rubella serology: a comparison of four methods for exclusion of non-specific serum inhibitors (1981)

The ability of the pyrogenic silica Aerosil 380R to exclude non-specific serum inhibitors (NSI) of rubella virus haemagglutination was evaluated. The developed procedure was compared with the kaolin, heparin/MnCl2 and dextran sulphate/CaCl2 methods. Aerosil and kaolin were found superior for the elimination of non-specific inhibitors and high density lipoproteins (HDL). The other methods left NSI and HDL in a majority of the sera, occasionally in high titres. Aerosil seemed to be somewhat more efficient than kaolin in NSI and HDL exclusion. The Aerosil method offers the opportunity to detect sera with rubella antibody titres less than 10. Among eight such sera, six were shown to contain rubella antibodies, while two were false positives.
Leakage Region Detection of Gas Insulated Equipment by Applying Infrared Image Processing Technique (2017)

Gas insulation equipment are widely used in high voltage electrical field, which use SF6 gas as insulation medium and have many advantages such as low maintenance and high reliability. But SF6 leakage caused by factors such as manufacturing, installation and material aging will severely reduce the insulation performance of equipment and eventually lead to the occurrence of insulation fault. Therefore, the detection of SF6 leakage is of great significance to the safe operation of the equipment. The traditional off-line detection methods have disadvantages of low degree of automation, low sensitivity and low precision, while the existing on-line leak detectors are unable to locate the leakage region accurately. Therefore, this paper proposes a SF6 leak detection method by using infrared image processing technique. First of all, original infrared image is improved by using histogram equalization and wiener adaptive filtering algorithm. Then the rapid location of leakage region is realized by using improved Surendra algorithm. Theoretical simulation and field test show that this method can realize the fast and accurate location of the SF6 leakage region.
Experiments in interactive map retrieval (1992)

The thesis deals with the problem of constructing an interactive, visual browser for a large database of geographic data. Results are presented from work in two areas: one area is that of graphical user interfaces, the other is the structuring of a geographic database for rapid retrieval of information for interactive display. The design is discussed of a user interface for a map browsing system. Proposals are then made about how a map database should appear to the user, and the functions that a map browsing system should provide. Observations are made about user interface systems in general. Particular reference is made to the difficulty, with present user interface systems, of ensuring consistency of the style, or "look and feel", of the user interface between applications, and of allowing the style to be customised to suit user preferences. An architecture for user interface systems is proposed in which applications are independent of the style of the user interface, so that the user may change the style at will. Suggestions are made as to how such a system might be realised. The NeWS extensible window server, based on the PostScript graphics programming language, is examined. Some characteristics of PostScript are identified which make this language attractive for the task of displaying maps. Possibilities offered by NeWS for customisable user interfaces are explored. To overcome the difficulties in writing large PostScript programs by hand, the author devised a new language P. A user interface toolkit for NeWS, written by the author in P, is described. Use of P made the task of writing the toolkit much easier. General observations are made about the design of such toolkits in the NeWS environment. Suggestions are made for improving the NeWS server-client communication model and support tools. The second part of the thesis discusses the design of geographic databases. Some extensions are suggested to general geographic data models to support the specific requirements of interactive browsing. Results are presented from a set of experiments with different techniques of implementing these extensions. Implementations are compared of several spatial indexing methods in a relational database environment. Locality of reference in map browsing is discussed. Experimental assessments are made of the following methods for exploiting this locality: clustering, caching, and pre-fetching. From the results of these experiments, conclusions are drawn about how to efficiently organise and index spatial data for interactive browsing in a conventional relational database system. Many of these conclusions are applicable in general to other forms of database management system.
MANAGEMENT OF ENDOCRINE DISEASE: The burden of Cushing's disease: clinical and health-related quality of life aspects (2012)

These findings highlight the significant burden associated with CD. As current treatment options may not fully reverse the burden of chronic hypercortisolism, there is a need for both improved diagnostic tools to reduce the time to diagnosis and effective therapy, particularly a targeted medical therapy.
The Role of the ER-Induced UPR Pathway and the Efficacy of Its Inhibitors and Inducers in the Inhibition of Tumor Progression (2019)

Cancer is the second most frequent cause of death worldwide. It is considered to be one of the most dangerous diseases, and there is still no effective treatment for many types of cancer. Since cancerous cells have a high proliferation rate, it is pivotal for their proper functioning to have the well-functioning protein machinery. Correct protein processing and folding are crucial to maintain tumor homeostasis. Endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress is one of the leading factors that cause disturbances in these processes. It is induced by impaired function of the ER and accumulation of unfolded proteins. Induction of ER stress affects many molecular pathways that cause the unfolded protein response (UPR). This is the way in which cells can adapt to the new conditions, but when ER stress cannot be resolved, the UPR induces cell death. The molecular mechanisms of this double-edged sword process are involved in the transition of the UPR either in a cell protection mechanism or in apoptosis. However, this process remains poorly understood but seems to be crucial in the treatment of many diseases that are related to ER stress. Hence, understanding the ER stress response, especially in the aspect of pathological consequences of UPR, has the potential to allow us to develop novel therapies and new diagnostic and prognostic markers for cancer.
Lactobacillus plantarum MB452 enhances the function of the intestinal barrier by increasing the expression levels of genes involved in tight junction formation (2010)

This research indicates that enhancing the expression of genes involved in tight junction signalling is a possible mechanism by which L. plantarum MB452 improves intestinal barrier function.
Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Is Required for Coronary Collateral Growth in the Rat (2005)

From these results, we conclude that the expression of VEGF is critical to the growth of coronary collaterals.
Single-shot phase-shifting incoherent digital holography (2017)

We propose single-shot incoherent digital holography in which a single-path in-line configuration and phase-shifting interferometry are adopted. Space-division multiplexing and polarization states of the waves are utilized to implement parallel phase-shifting holography. A single-path setup in parallel phase-shifting is constructed to capture an incoherent hologram easily with a compact system. An instantaneous and three-dimensional (3D) object image is obtained without undesired diffraction waves using parallel phase-shifting. The validity of the proposed technique is experimentally demonstrated for both transparent and reflective objects.
Comparative molecular field analysis of anticoccidial triazines (1992)

Comparative molecular field analysis (CoMFA) of 2-(substituted phenyl)-1,2,4-triazine-3,5(2H,4H)-diones (triazines henceforth) resulted in an excellent correlation of their anticoccidial potencies with their physical properties. Two items about this work are notable: (i) the biological data are from a whole animal infectious disease model; and (ii) for the best results CoMFA required columns of measured "lipophilicity" and "acidity" data in addition to the calculated data in the steric field and electrostatic field columns. CoMFA resulted in a quantitative description of the major steric and electrostatic field effects, and gave significant new insights to factors governing potency. The model was used to "predict" the potencies of diverse triazines not used in making the model itself.
Case 3-1985 (1985)

Presentation of CaseA 33-year-old man was admitted to the hospital because of facial weakness and ophthalmopleia without ptosis.He was well until 15 years earlier, when it was observed that he was unable to close his right eyelids fully when asleep. Two years later horizontal diplopia developed on left lateral gaze. During the next 10 years there was subtle progression of the diplopia. Eight years before entry he noticed that his smile was asymmetric, with a droop of the right side of the face, and an examiner found that the right palpebral fissure could be opened when he was . . .
Inductive plasma sources for plasma implantation and deposition (1998)

External and reentrant radio frequency inductive plasma sources are developed for plasma ion implantation and deposition processes in a 1.8 m/sup 3/ vacuum vessel. Plasma densities in the range 10/sup 16/-10/sup 17/ m/sup -3/ desirable for the above processes. External plasma sources could not yield the required plasma densities because of high particle losses in the transition region between the source and the main vessel. The particle losses are clarified through experiments and analysis, with and without multipole magnetic confinement. Reentrant plasma sources eliminate transmission losses and yield high plasma densities with good spatial uniformity.
A Population and Familial Study of the Defective Alicyclic Hydroxylation of Debrisoquine among Egyptians (1979)

Abstract1. Debrisoquine hydroxylation exhibited profound variation in 72 Egyptian volunteers.2. The frequency distribution histogram of the metabolic ratio (ratio unchanged drug: 4-hydroxy metabolite in 0-8 h urine) was polymodal.3. From family data it was possible to define more clearly than before the heterozygous characteristics.4. Egyptians appear in general to be more extensive oxidizers of debrisoquine than do English subjects.5. Ramadan fasting was found to lower the absorption of debrisoquine.
<i>Ab initio</i>calculation of the geometric, electronic and magnetic properties of neutral and anionic Au<sub><i>n</i></sub>Pd (<i>n</i> = 1–9) clusters (2011)

Abstract The ab initio method based on density functional theory at the B3PW91 level has been applied to study the geometric, electronic, and magnetic properties of neutral and anionic Au n Pd (n = 1–9) clusters. The results show that the most stable geometric structures adopt a three-dimensional structure for neutral Au7Pd and Au8Pd clusters, but for anionic clusters, no three-dimensional lowest-energy structures were obtained. The relative stabilities of neutral and anionic Au n Pd clusters were analysed by means of the dependent relationships between the binding energies per atom, the dissociation energies, the second-order difference of energies, the HOMO–LUMO energy gaps and the cluster size n, and a local odd–even alternation phenomenon was found. Natural population analysis indicates the sequential transfer from the Pd atom to the Au n frame in Au1,2,3,5Pd and Au2,3Pd− clusters, and from the Au n frame to the Pd atom in other clusters. Much to our surprise, irrespective of whether it is the total magnetic moment or the local magnetic moment, the magnetic moment presents an odd–even alternation phenomenon as a function of the cluster size n. The magnetic effects are mainly localized on the various atoms (Au or Pd) for different cluster size n. Keywords: neutral and anionic Au n Pd clustersgeometrical configurationdensity function method Acknowledgements This work was supported, in part, by Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities (No. 2009SCU11134) and the National Natural Science Foundation (Nos. 10774103 and 10974138).
Exercise training reduces the acute physiological severity of post‐menopausal hot flushes (2015)

A post-menopausal hot flush consists of profuse physiological elevations in cutaneous vasodilatation and sweating that are accompanied by reduced brain blood flow. These responses can be used to objectively quantify hot flush severity. The impact of an exercise training intervention on the physiological responses occurring during a hot flush is currently unknown. In a preference-controlled trial involving 21 post-menopausal women, 16 weeks of supervised moderate intensity exercise training was found to improve cardiorespiratory fitness and attenuate cutaneous vasodilatation, sweating and the reductions in cerebral blood flow during a hot flush. It is concluded that the improvements in fitness that are mediated by 16 weeks of exercise training reduce the severity of physiological symptoms that occur during a post-menopausal hot flush. A hot flush is characterised by feelings of intense heat, profuse elevations in cutaneous vasodilatation and sweating, and reduced brain blood flow. Exercise training reduces self-reported hot flush severity, but underpinning physiological data are lacking. We hypothesised that exercise training attenuates the changes in cutaneous vasodilatation, sweat rate and cerebral blood flow during a hot flush. In a preference trial, 18 symptomatic post-menopausal women underwent a passive heat stress to induce hot flushes at baseline and follow-up. Fourteen participants opted for a 16 week moderate intensity supervised exercise intervention, while seven participants opted for control. Sweat rate, cutaneous vasodilatation, blood pressure, heart rate and middle cerebral artery velocity (MCAv) were measured during the hot flushes. Data were binned into eight equal segments, each representing 12.5% of hot flush duration. Weekly self-reported frequency and severity of hot flushes were also recorded at baseline and follow-up. Following training, mean hot flush sweat rate decreased by 0.04 mg cm(2) min(-1) at the chest (95% confidence interval 0.02-0.06, P = 0.01) and by 0.03 mg cm(2) min(-1) (0.02-0.05, P = 0.03) at the forearm, compared with negligible changes in control. Training also mediated reductions in cutaneous vasodilatation by 9% (6-12%) at the chest and by 7% (4-9%) at forearm (P ≤ 0.05). Training attenuated hot flush MCAv by 3.4 cm s(-1) (0.7-5.1 cm s(-1) , P = 0.04) compared with negligible changes in control. Exercise training reduced the self-reported severity of hot flushes by 109 arbitrary units (80-121, P < 0.001). These data indicate that exercise training leads to parallel reductions in hot flush severity and within-flush changes in cutaneous vasodilatation, sweating and cerebral blood flow.
Model decomposition and simulation: a component based qualitative simulation algorithm (1997)

Traditionally, qualitative simulation uses a global, state--based representation to describe the behavior of the modeled system. For larger, more complex systems this representation proves extremely inefficient since it provides a complete temporal ordering of all potential distinctions leading to a large, complex behavioral description that obscures relevant distinctions, or even fails to terminate. The model decomposition and simulation algorithm (DecSIM) uses a divide and conquer approach to qualitative simulation. Variables within the system are partitioned into components. Each component is viewed as a separate system and is simulated using a state--based representation limited to the variables within the component. Interactions between components are reasoned about separately. DecSIM provides a promising paradigm for qualitative simulation whose complexity is driven by the complexity of the problem specification rather than the inference mechanism used. Introduction In The Scien...
Isolation and storage of peripheral blood hematopoietic stem cells for autotransplantation into children with cancer (1989)

Peripheral blood stem cells (PBSC) were collected for autotransplantation by a total of 46 continuous-flow leukaphereses in 17 children with various types of cancer in whom the stem-cell pool had been expanded by chemotherapy. As the cells collected by leukapheresis were contaminated with many visible cell clumps, platelets, and erythrocytes, they were separated from the platelet-rich plasma (PRP) by slow-speed centrifugation and fractionated on a discontinuous gradient of Percoll. All the hematopoietic progenitors (CFU-GM, CFU- GEMM) in the starting samples were recovered at the interface of 40% and 60% Percoll solutions largely free of other cellular components and with a substantial reduction in volume. The separation and freezing procedures could be completed within three hours after obtaining cells by leukapheresis. After their fractionation and storage, these PBSC were shown to be able to reconstitute normal hematopoiesis in ten children with poor prognosis leukemia or neuroblastoma for whom no HLA- compatible marrow donors were available and who had been subjected to marrow-ablative therapy. This separation procedure is simple, efficient, and readily available and can be used for children as a routine procedure for PBSC autotransplantation.