gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Design and validation of a multi-electrode bioimpedance system for enhancing spatial resolution of cellular impedance studies (2013)

This paper reports the design and evaluation of a multi-electrode design that improves upon the statistical significance and spatial resolution of cellular impedance data measured using commercial electric cell-substrate impedance sensing (ECIS) systems. By evaluating cellular impedance using eight independent sensing electrodes, position-dependent impedance measurements can be recorded across the device and compare commonly used equivalent circuit and mathematical models for extraction of cell parameters. Data from the 8-electrode device was compared to data taken from commercial electric cell-substrate impedance sensing (ECIS) system by deriving a relationship between equivalent circuit and mathematically modelled parameters. The impedance systems were evaluated and compared by investigating the effects of arsenic trioxide (As2O3), a well-established chemotherapeutic agent, on ovarian cancer cells. Impedance spectroscopy, a non-destructive, label-free technique, was used to continuously measure the frequency-dependent cellular properties, without adversely affecting the cells. The importance of multiple measurements within a cell culture was demonstrated; and the data illustrated that the non-uniform response of cells within a culture required redundant measurements in order to obtain statistically significant data, especially for drug discovery applications. Also, a correlation between equivalent circuit modelling and mathematically modelled parameters was derived, allowing data to be compared across different modelling techniques.
<scp>1E7</scp>‐03, a low <scp>MW</scp> compound targeting host protein phosphatase‐1, inhibits <scp>HIV</scp>‐1 transcription (2014)

Our study shows that low MW compounds that functionally mimic the PP1-binding RVxF peptide can inhibit HIV-1 transcription by deregulating PP1.
THE ATTRACTION OF THE GRAPE ROOT BORER, VITACEA POLISTIFORMIS (HARRIS) (LEPIDOPTERA: SESIIDAE) TO (E,Z)-2,13 OCTADECADIENYL ACETATE AND THE EFFECTS OF RELATED ISOMERS ON ATTRACTION1 (1987)

The addition of one (1) percent (Z,Z)-3,13 octadecadienyl acetate to the grape root borer, Vitacea polistiformis (Harris), pheromone, (E,Z)-2,13 octadecadienyl acetate greatly increases capture of males in sticky traps. The numbers collected increased from 3 to 7 times depending on the test, location and time of year. The new blend is sufficiently attractive to provide an effect monitoring system for the species.
Clearing Series AC Arc Faults and Avoiding False Alarms Using Only Voltage Waveforms (2019)

A series ac arc fault detection method based only on the voltage waveform measured at the power source is implemented. A relay de-energizes the arc fault after receiving an arc fault detected signal. Traditional arc fault detection methods use the current waveform, which may have false alarms with loads, such as electric hand drills (which intentionally generate small electric arcs) and dimmer switches because they show similar energy characteristics to an arc fault. However, in the proposed voltage-based method, a symmetric energy profile is observed, unique to the arc fault, which allows improved detection. This symmetry in the voltage waveform is exploited to derive threshold values from the sample energy that are eventually used to detect the ac arc fault. The approach avoids non-stationary signal analysis, machine learning, and advanced filtering techniques. The experimental results validate that the algorithm can successfully detect an arc fault and avoid common unwanted tripping events. Finally, devices, such as surge protectors will be able to integrate this detection algorithm without the addition of current sensors.
Practical sub-Nyquist sampling via array-based compressed sensing receiver architecture (2016)

This paper introduces the Array-based Compressed sensing Receiver Architecture (ACRA). ACRA allows digital receiver arrays to operate at dramatically larger instantaneous bandwidths by sampling the signals from different array elements at different sub-Nyquist sampling rates. Signal processing inspired by the sparse fast Fourier transform allows for signal detection, estimation, and angle-of-arrival determination. Simulation results and measurements from an 18-45 GHz testbed are presented.
Design Concepts for Shape-Shifting Surfaces (2011)

This paper presents concepts for Shape-Shifting Surfaces (SSSs), i.e. surfaces that retain their effectiveness as physical barriers while undergoing changes in shape. These shape changes could be motions like expanding, shrinking, twisting, encircling, wiggling, swallowing or constricting that make the surface more effective at performing its function. The SSSs are a novel concept, and are composed of tiled arrays of polygonal cells, each cell consisting of specifically-designed compliant flexures attached to specifically-shaped overlapping thin plates or shells. Applications for such surfaces are anticipated at the micro-scale in cellular engineering and at the macro-scale for biomedical applications, recreational uses, national security, and environmental protection; each will be stem from the foundational concepts described in this paper.
Polarization-based and specular-reflection-based noncontact latent fingerprint imaging and lifting (2006)

In forensic science the finger marks left unintentionally by people at a crime scene are referred to as latent fingerprints. Most existing techniques to detect and lift latent fingerprints require application of a certain material directly onto the exhibit. The chemical and physical processing applied to the fingerprint potentially degrades or prevents further forensic testing on the same evidence sample. Many existing methods also have deleterious side effects. We introduce a method to detect and extract latent fingerprint images without applying any powder or chemicals on the object. Our method is based on the optical phenomena of polarization and specular reflection together with the physiology of fingerprint formation. The recovered image quality is comparable to existing methods. In some cases, such as the sticky side of tape, our method shows unique advantages.
Numerical tissue characterization in MS via standardization of the MR image intensity scale (2000)

Image intensity standardization is a recently developed postprocessing method that is capable of correcting the signal intensity variations in MR images. We evaluated signal intensity of healthy and diseased tissues in 10 multiple sclerosis (MS) patients based on standardized dual fast spin-echo MR images using a numerical postprocessing technique. The main idea of this technique is to deform the volume image histogram of each study to match a standard histogram and to utilize the resulting transformation to map the image intensities into standard scale. Upon standardization, the coefficients of variation of signal intensities for each segmented tissue (gray matter, white matter, lesion plaques, and diffuse abnormal white matter) in all patients were significantly smaller (2.3-9.2 times) than in the original images, and the same tissues from different patients looked alike, with similar intensity characteristics. Numerical tissue characterizability of different tissues in MS achieved by standardization offers a fixed tissue-specific meaning for the numerical values and can significantly facilitate image segmentation and analysis.
A Hierarchical Approach to the Treatment of Ventricular Tachycardias (1986)

Electrical management of ventricular tachycardias with an implanted device is greatly complicated by reduced hemodynamic tolerance to the tachycardia with increasing rate, and by the risk of accelerating the tachycardia into fibrillation. Pacing (extrastimuli, bursts), low-energy cardioversion, and high-energy defibrillation therapies are all useful in safely treating a ventricular tachycardia. A implantable device is described which allows the classification of up to four different arrhythmias each having their own detection criteria (including high rate, sudden onset, rate stability and sustained high rate). For each classified arrhythmia, up to four therapies may be programmed to be sequentially delivered. This scheme allows for increasing on the aggressiveness of the therapy based on elapsed time, increased rate, or both; and provides a large amount of flexibility for tailoring the desired therapies to individual patients.
Prompt re-treatment after photorefractive keratectomy (1998)

Prompt re-treatment after PRK for myopia allowed management of undercorrections and regressions with low morbidity and high refractive stability. By re-treating promptly, no additional complications were created and patients avoided long periods of unsatisfactory vision.
Novel concept for large distance ultrashort pulse fiber delivery without pre-chirping (2011)

Ultrashort pulse fiber delivery for Ti:Sapphire lasers is basically restricted to distances below a few meters which is due to the application of dispersion compensating devices that are not capable of managing third and higher order material dispersion. By the use of a fiber delivery concept based on higher order mode fibers ultrashort laser pulses in the 800 nm wavelength range are transmitted over 20 meters without the need for pulse pre-chirping. For the first time a large distance fiber delivery module is demonstrated, revealing its potential for remote THz imaging or spectroscopy using ultrashort laser pulses. Application of the fiber delivery is demonstrated by generating and detecting broadband THz radiation at the fiber output.
Unsupervised Streaming Feature Selection in Social Media (2015)

The explosive growth of social media sites brings about massive amounts of high-dimensional data. Feature selection is effective in preparing high-dimensional data for data analytics. The characteristics of social media present novel challenges for feature selection. First, social media data is not fully structured and its features are usually not predefined, but are generated dynamically. For example, in Twitter, slang words (features) are created everyday and quickly become popular within a short period of time. It is hard to directly apply traditional batch-mode feature selection methods to find such features. Second, given the nature of social media, label information is costly to collect. It exacerbates the problem of feature selection without knowing feature relevance. On the other hand, opportunities are also unequivocally present with additional data sources; for example, link information is ubiquitous in social media and could be helpful in selecting relevant features. In this paper, we study a novel problem to conduct unsupervised streaming feature selection for social media data. We investigate how to exploit link information in streaming feature selection, resulting in a novel unsupervised streaming feature selection framework USFS. Experimental results on two real-world social media datasets show the effectiveness and efficiency of the proposed framework comparing with the state-of-the-art unsupervised feature selection algorithms.
Evaluating the robustness of dual apodization with cross-correlation (2009)

We have recently presented a new method to suppress side lobes and clutter in ultrasound imaging called dual apodization with cross-correlation (DAX). However, due to the random nature of speckle, artifactual black spots may arise with DAX-processed images. In this paper, we present one possible solution, called dynamic DAX, to reduce these black spots. We also evaluate the robustness of dynamic DAX in the presence of phase aberration and noise. Simulation results using a 5 MHz, 128-element linear array are presented using dynamic DAX with aberrator strengths ranging from 25 ns root-mean-square (RMS) to 45 ns RMS and correlation lengths of 3 mm and 5 mm. When simulating a 3 mm diameter anechoic cyst, at least 100% improvement in the contrast-to-noise ratio (CNR) compared with standard beamforming is seen using dynamic DAX, except in the most severe case. Layers of pig skin, fat, and muscle were used as experimental aberrators. Simulation and experimental results are also presented using dynamic DAX in the presence of noise. With a system signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) of at least 15 dB, we have a CNR improvement of more than 100% compared with standard beamforming. This work shows that dynamic DAX is able to improve the contrast-to-noise ratio reliably in the presence of phase aberration and noise.
Humanization of T cell–mediated immunity in mice (2021)

Despite the enormous promise of T cell therapies, the isolation and study of human T cell receptors (TCRs) of dedicated specificity remains a major challenge. To overcome this limitation, we generated mice with a genetically humanized system of T cell immunity. We used VelociGene technology to replace the murine TCRαβ variable regions, along with regions encoding the extracellular domains of co-receptors CD4 and CD8, and major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I and II, with corresponding human sequences. The resulting “VelociT” mice have normal myeloid and lymphoid immune cell populations, including thymic and peripheral αβ T cell subsets comparable with wild-type mice. VelociT mice expressed a diverse TCR repertoire, mounted functional T cell responses to lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus infection, and could develop experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis. Immunization of VelociT mice with human tumor-associated peptide antigens generated robust, antigen-specific responses and led to identification of a TCR against tumor antigen New York esophageal squamous cell carcinoma-1 with potent antitumor activity. These studies demonstrate that VelociT mice mount clinically relevant T cell responses to both MHC-I– and MHC-II–restricted antigens, providing a powerful new model for analyzing T cell function in human disease. Moreover, VelociT mice are a new platform for de novo discovery of therapeutic human TCRs.
Macro-Mini Actuation of Pneumatic Pouches for Soft Wearable Haptic Displays (2021)

Pneumatic wearable haptic devices can provide distributed pressure feedback to human operators during robot teleoperation and in virtual and augmented reality. However, these devices have an inherent trade-off between the spatial coverage of their pressure output and their resolution and dynamic response. To achieve specified spatial resolution and dynamic response, we propose a macro-mini actuation approach that stacks a number of smaller inflatable pouches atop a larger inflatable pouch. We develop models for the static and dynamic responses of single and stacked pouches and compare these with experimental results, providing guidelines for the design of wearable stacked pneumatic displays. Finally, we demonstrate this pneumatic macro-mini approach by replicating the time series pressure profiles of data collected from a huggable robot embedded with distributed force sensors.
Optical pulse compression reflectometry: proposal and proof-of-concept experiment (2015)

This paper proposes a novel reflectometry based on the frequency modulation pulse-compression technology, called optical pulse compression reflectometry (OPCR). Linear frequency modulation (LFM) pulse is taken as an example to implement the OPCR. Its working principle and theoretical analysis are demonstrated. The spatial resolution is determined by the sweeping range of the LFM rather than the pulse width, which overcomes the tradeoff between spatial resolution and measurement range in the conventional pulse-based optical time domain reflectometry. The influence of the laser's phase noise on the integrated side lobe ratio and peak side lobe ratio is theoretically studied. Thanks to the continuous acquisition nature of the OPCR, time averaging is valid to eliminate the influence and results in the measurement range of the OPCR beyond a few times of the source coherent length. A proof-of-concept experiment of the OPCR is carried out to verify the spatial resolution and measurement range.
Acoustic Microfluidics (2020)

Acoustic microfluidic devices are powerful tools that use sound waves to manipulate micro- or nanoscale objects or fluids in analytical chemistry and biomedicine. Their simple device designs, biocompatible and contactless operation, and label-free nature are all characteristics that make acoustic microfluidic devices ideal platforms for fundamental research, diagnostics, and therapeutics. Herein, we summarize the physical principles underlying acoustic microfluidics and review their applications, with particular emphasis on the manipulation of macromolecules, cells, particles, model organisms, and fluidic flows. We also present future goals of this technology in analytical chemistry and biomedical research, as well as challenges and opportunities.
Ambulatory Rehabilitation Suspension System (2003)

This paper provides a new technique to assist patients during gait rehabilitation and safety support during exercise. The device can also be used by patients who have experienced physical trauma, and in need of assistance so that they can regain the strength needed to support them during rehabilitation. The procedure results in an adjustable gait rehabilitation lifting system and has the ability to support the weight of the user. The apparatus can lift a patient from a sitting position in a wheel chair to a standing position and has the provisions to remove a percentage of the patient’s body weight and recognize subtle changes in elevation. The patient requiring gait rehabilitation would be free to traverse a flat plane and climb a number of stairs and at the same time does not impede free walking and prevents sudden fall of the patient.
Registration of Volumetric Prostate Scans using Curvature Flow (2016)

Radiological imaging of the prostate is becoming more popular among researchers and clinicians in searching for diseases, primarily cancer. Scans might be acquired with different equipment or at different times for prognosis monitoring, with patient movement between scans, resulting in multiple datasets that need to be registered. For these cases, we introduce a method for volumetric registration using curvature flow. Multiple prostate datasets are mapped to canonical solid spheres, which are in turn aligned and registered through the use of identified landmarks on or within the gland. Theoretical proof and experimental results show that our method produces homeomorphisms with feature constraints. We provide thorough validation of our method by registering prostate scans of the same patient in different orientations, from different days and using different modes of MRI. Our method also provides the foundation for a general group-wise registration using a standard reference, defined on the complex plane, for any input. In the present context, this can be used for registering as many scans as needed for a single patient or different patients on the basis of age, weight or even malignant and non-malignant attributes to study the differences in general population. Though we present this technique with a specific application to the prostate, it is generally applicable for volumetric registration problems.
Synthesis and biological evaluation of a bioinspired, tissue-adhesive gellan gum-based hydrogel designed for minimally invasive delivery and retention of chondrogenic cells (2020)

A dopamine-modified, bioinspired gellan gum hydrogel (STM-148B) with improved physicochemical and biological characteristics, suitable for minimally invasive cell delivery and retention in the context of cartilage repair, is herein presented. STM-148B's putative game-changing design characteristics include a highly biocompatible, animal-free and chemically defined composition, reproducibility of manufacture and ease of formulation. STM-148B undergoes rapid ionic crossinking by physiologically relevant mono and divalent cations to form stable 3D hydrogels that possess excellent tissue adhesiveness, such that additional fixation aids are rendered superfluous. STM-148B hydrogels maintain viability of mammalian cells and further promote up-regulation of the expression of healthy chondrogenic extracellular matrix markers upon stimulation. STM-148B is currently undergoing pre-clinical safety and efficacy assessment as a medical device for cell delivery and retention focussing on regeneration of hyaline-like cartilage and may represent a valuable addition to the armamentarium of tissue-engineering therapies for treatment of focal cartilage lesions.
Carbon nanotube field-effect transistor for GHz operation (2006)

The paper reports high frequency (HF) performance of carbon nanotube field-effect transistors (CNT-FETs) with S-parameters measurements. The optimized device structure achieves current gain cut-off frequency F <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">T</sub> of 1 GHz, with a slope of -20dB/decade, for the first time
P-type Hybrid Heterojunction Solar Cells Naturally Incorporating Gettering and Bulk Hydrogenation (2018)

A p-type hybrid heterojunction solar cell structure and process sequence are presented with laser-doped, plated front contacts and a rear amorphous silicon-based heterojunction structure. External quantum efficiency measurements and wafer ray-tracing simulations show the optical advantages of the hybrid structure compared to a pure heterojunction device by avoiding light absorption in amorphous silicon and transparent conductive oxides on the front surface. The hybrid structure allows for natural incorporation of gettering and bulk hydrogenation throughout cell fabrication. Initial cell results demonstrate a V <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">OC</sub> of 657 mV, with less than 0.1% absolute efficiency loss due to light-induced degradation.
Effects of lung volume on diaphragm EMG signal strength during voluntary contractions (1998)

The use of esophageal recordings of the diaphragm electromyogram (EMG) signal strength to evaluate diaphragm activation during voluntary contractions in humans has recently been criticized because of a possible artifact created by changes in lung volume. Therefore, the first aim of this study was to evaluate whether there is an artifactual influence of lung volume on the strength of the diaphragm EMG during voluntary contractions. The second aim was to measure the required changes in activation for changes in lung volume at a given tension, i.e., the volume-activation relationship of the diaphragm. Healthy subjects (n = 6) performed contractions of the diaphragm at different transdiaphragmatic pressure (Pdi) targets (range 20-160 cmH2O) while maintaining chest wall configuration constant at different lung volumes. The diaphragm EMG was recorded with a multiple-array esophageal electrode, with control of signal contamination and electrode positioning. The effects of lung volume on the EMG were studied by comparing the crural diaphragm EMG root mean square (RMS), an index of crural diaphragm activation, with an index of global diaphragm activation obtained by normalizing Pdi to the maximum Pdi at the given muscle length (Pdi/Pdimax@L) at the different lung volumes. We observed a direct relationship between RMS and Pdi/Pdimax@L independent of diaphragm length. The volume-activation relationship of the diaphragm was equally affected by changes in lung volume as the volume-Pdi relationship (60% change from functional residual capacity to total lung capacity). We conclude that the RMS of the diaphragm EMG is not artifactually influenced by lung volume and can be used as a reliable index of diaphragm activation. The volume-activation relationship can be used to infer changes in the length-tension relationship of the diaphragm at submaximal activation/contraction levels.