gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A TH-UWB Receiver with Near-MUD Performance for Multiple Access Interference Environments (2009)

The multiple access interference (MAI) in a time-hopping (TH) ultra-wideband (UWB) system is known to be non-Gaussian even when the system has a moderately large number of active users. Therefore, the conventional matched filter (CMF) receiver, the optimal structure for Gaussian noise which maximizes the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) and minimizes the probability of detection error in the absence of non-Gaussian interference, is not necessarily optimal. We express and prove a stronger claim that even the outputs of the matched filters in the conventional UWB receiver can not provide a sufficient decision statistic for detecting the information bits transmitted by the desired user. Further, a novel TH-UWB receiver is introduced which uses a similar methodology to the optimal multiuser detection (MUD) algorithm for detecting the information bits. However, the complexity of this new receiver is much less than that of the optimal MUD algorithm. It employs only one matched filter instead of a bank of matched filters resulting in a simple and low-cost TH-UWB receiver. Simulation results show that the new receiver outperforms previous single-user TH-UWB receivers and achieves essentially the performance of the CMF receiver operating in a single-user system.
Guiding Device for Precision Grafting of Peripheral Nerves in Complete Thoracic Spinal Cord Injury: Design and Sizing for Clinical Trial (2018)

A set of SCI guiding devices of seven sizes can cover the variability of human thoracic spinal cord segments T2-T12 with an acceptable error-of-fit for the elliptical shape as well as guiding channels. The computational framework developed can be used with other medical technologies involving the human spinal cord where exact sizes and positioning are of importance.
Dual-mode integrated circuit for imaging and HIFU with 2-D CMUT arrays (2015)

Successful high intensity focused ultrasound (HIFU) operation requires a reliable guidance and monitoring method such as magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) or ultrasound imaging. However, both widely used modalities are typically separate from the HIFU system, which makes co-registration of HIFU with cross-sectional imaging difficult. In this paper, we present a dual-mode integrated circuit (IC) that can perform both ultrasound imaging and HIFU with a single 2D capacitive micromachined ultrasonic transducer (CMUT) array, combining these two systems for ease of use. The dual-mode IC consists of pulsers, transmit beamforming circuitry, and low-noise amplifiers for imaging mode and switches for HIFU mode. By turning this switching network on and off, the system can alternately operate the imaging mode and HIFU mode on demand. The dual-mode IC was designed and fabricated in the 0.18-µm HV 4LM process provided by Maxim Inc. We fabricated a 32×32-element CMUT array that has a center frequency of 5 MHz using a sacrificial release process and flip-chip bonded this CMUT array to the IC. With the back-end system, real-time volumetric imaging on the wire phantom and HIFU ablation on ex-vivo tissue were performed respectively.
Topologically robust transport of entangled photons in a 2D photonic system (2016)

We theoretically study the transport of time-bin entangled photon pairs in a two-dimensional topological photonic system of coupled ring resonators. This system implements the integer quantum Hall model using a synthetic gauge field and exhibits topologically robust edge states. We show that the transport through edge states preserves temporal correlations of entangled photons whereas bulk transport does not preserve these correlations and can lead to significant unwanted temporal bunching or anti-bunching of photons. We study the effect of disorder on the quantum transport properties; while the edge transport remains robust, bulk transport is very susceptible, and in the limit of strong disorder, bulk states become localized. We show that this localization is manifested as an enhanced bunching/anti-bunching of photons. This topologically robust transport of correlations through edge states could enable robust on-chip quantum communication channels and delay lines for information encoded in temporal correlations of photons.
Chimeric Antigen Receptor T Cells with Dissociated Signaling Domains Exhibit Focused Antitumor Activity with Reduced Potential for Toxicity <i>In Vivo</i> (2013)

Adoptive immunotherapy using T lymphocytes genetically modified to express a chimeric antigen receptor (CAR-T) holds considerable promise for the treatment of cancer. However, CAR-based therapies may involve on-target toxicity against normal tissues expressing low amounts of the targeted tumor-associated antigen (TAA). To specify T cells for robust effector function that is selective for tumor but not normal tissue, we developed a trans-signaling CAR strategy, whereby T-cell activation signal 1 (CD3z) is physically dissociated from costimulatory signal 2 (CD28) in two CARs of differing antigen specificity: mesothelin and a-folate receptor (FRa). Human T cells were genetically modified to coexpress signal 1 (anti-Meso scFv-CD3z) and signal 2 (anti-FRa scFv-CD28) CARs in trans. Trans-signaling CAR-T cells showed weak cytokine secretion against target cells expressing only one TAA in vitro, similar to first-generation CAR-T cells bearing CD3z only, but showed enhanced cytokine secretion upon encountering natural or engineered tumor cells coexpressing both antigens, equivalent to that of second-generation CAR-T cells with dual signaling in cis. CAR-T cells with dual specificity also showed potent anticancer activity and persistence in vivo, which was superior to first-generation CAR-T cells and equivalent to second-generation CARs. Importantly, second-generation CAR-T cells exhibited potent activity against cells expressing mesothelin alone, recapitulating normal tissue, whereas trans-signaling CAR-T cells did not. Thus, a dual specificity, trans-signaling CAR approach can potentiate the therapeutic efficacy of CAR-T cells against cancer while minimizing parallel reactivity against normal tissues bearing single antigen.
Subtask 2.11 - An Investigation into the EERC Staged Electrostatic Precipitator Concept (2008)

A new concept of electrostatic precipitator (ESP), named a Staged ESP (an Energy & Environmental Research Center proprietary), was conceived in June 2004. The concept is based on a simple design that can be retrofitted on existing coal-fired power plants to provide high particulate matter (PM) collection efficiency without compromising reliability. A prototype of Staged ESP was designed, fabricated, and tested in two different combustion coal flue gases with different fly ash resistivities. Several design parameters of the Staged ESP were evaluated under various operating conditions to optimize PM collection performance. A set of particulate sampling data, including aerodynamic particle sizer, scanning mobility particle sizer, and U.S. Environmental Protection Agency Method 5 data, was collected to determine PM emissions of the Staged ESP configurations. These data were compared against data collected with a conventional ESP configuration. Compared to PM capture performance in conventional ESPs, an additional 30% to 70% reductions on total PM emissions were achieved for Staged ESPs in flue gas with medium- to high-resistivity fly ashes. Experimental data proved that the Staged ESP concept is capable of achieving higher PM collection efficiency, especially for particles in the submicrometer size range typically thought difficult to capture in an ESP.
Influence of Uniaxial Stress on the Shear-Wave Spectrum Propagating in Steel Members (2019)

Structural health monitoring technologies have provided extensive methods to sense the stress of steel structures. However, monitored stress is a relative value rather than an absolute value in the structure's current state. Among all the stress measurement methods, ultrasonic methods have shown great promise. The shear-wave amplitude spectrum and phase spectrum contain stress information along the propagation path. In this study, the influence of uniaxial stress on the amplitude and phase spectra of a shear wave propagating in steel members was investigated. Furthermore, the shear-wave amplitude spectrum and phase spectrum were compared in terms of characteristic frequency (CF) collection, parametric calibration, and absolute stress measurement principles. Specifically, the theoretical expressions of the shear-wave amplitude and phase spectra were derived. Three steel members were used to investigate the effect of the uniaxial stress on the shear-wave amplitude and phase spectra. CFs were extracted and used to calibrate the parameters in the stress measurement formula. A linear relationship was established between the inverse of the CF and its corresponding stress value. The test results show that both the shear-wave amplitude and phase spectra can be used to evaluate uniaxial stress in structural steel members.
A Catalytic Enantioselective Route to Hydroxy-Substituted Quaternary Carbon Centers:  Resolution of Tertiary Aldols with a Catalytic Antibody (1999)

Aldolase antibody 38C2-catalyzed resolutions of tertiary aldols were studied. Tertiary aldols proved to be very good substrates for antibody catalyzed retro-aldol reactions. The catalytic proficiency, (kcat/KM)/kuncat, of the antibody for these reactions was on the order of 1010 M-1. A fluorogenic tertiary aldol allowed for the quantitative study of enantiomeric excess as a function of reaction conversion, revealing an E value of ca. 160 in this case. Study of a variety of substrates demonstrated that antibody-catalyzed retro-aldolization provides rapid entry to highly enantiomerically enriched tertiary aldols, typically >95% ee, containing structurally varied, heteroatom-substituted quaternary carbon centers. The utility of this approach to natural product syntheses has been demonstrated with the syntheses of (+)-frontalin, the side chain of Saframycin H, and formal syntheses of (+)- and (−)-mevalonolactone.
<title>THz standoff detection and imaging of explosives and weapons (Invited Paper)</title> (2005)

Recently, there has been a significant interest in employing Terahertz (THz) technology, spectroscopy and imaging for standoff detection applications. There are three prime motivations for this interest: (a) THz radiation can detect concealed weapons since many non-metallic, non-polar materials are transparent to THz radiation, (b) target compounds such as explosives, and bio/chemical weapons have characteristic THz spectra that can be used to identify these compounds and (c) THz radiation poses no health risk for scanning of people. This paper will provide an overview of THz standoff detection of explosives and weapons including discussions of effective range, spatial resolution, and other limitations. The THz approach will be compared to alternative detection modalities such as x-ray and millimeter wave imaging.
Effects of tracer arrival time on flow estimates in MR perfusion‐weighted imaging (2003)

A common technique for calculating cerebral blood flow (CBF) and mean transit time (MTT) is to track a bolus of contrast agent using perfusion-weighted MRI (PWI) and to deconvolve the change in concentration with an arterial input function (AIF) using singular value decomposition (SVD). This method has been shown to often overestimate the volume of tissue that infarcts and in cases of severe vasculopathy to produce CBF maps that are inconsistent with clinical presentation. This study examines the effects of tracer arrival time differences between tissue and a user-selected global AIF on flow estimates. CBF and MTT were calculated in both numerically simulated and clinically acquired PWI data where the AIF and tissue signals were shifted backward and forward in time with respect to one another. Results show that when the AIF leads the tissue, CBF is underestimated independent of extent of delay, but dependent on MTT. When the AIF lags the tissue, flow may be over- or underestimated depending on MTT and extent of timing differences. These conditions may occur in practice due to the application of a user-selected AIF that is not the "true AIF" and therefore caution must be taken in interpreting CBF and MTT estimates.
A very wide bandwidth Faraday cup suitable for measuring gigahertz structure on ion beams with velocities down to. beta. lt 0. 01 (1990)

A stripline Faraday Cup of exceptional bandwidth (DC to 6.1 gigahertz) has been developed. An electrostatic shield in the ground-plane geometry prevents electric-field coupling of incoming ions so that the time distribution of low-velocity ({beta} {approx gt} .01c) particles can be measured. The cup is very rugged compared to other detectors used for ion-bunch timing measurements. We have measured bunch widths of 400 picoseconds on 3.9 MeV {sup 84}Kr{sup +15} beams (200 nanoampere average). Bunch widths down to 100 picoseconds should be observable with a sampling oscilloscope. Beam bunch shapes have been monitored at current levels of 1.0 nanoampere to 10 microampere average.
Bioactive Cycloperoxides Isolated from the Puerto Rican Sponge <i>Plakortis halichondrioides</i> (2010)

Two new five-membered-ring polyketide endoperoxides, epiplakinic acid F methyl ester (1) and epiplakinidioic acid (3), and a peroxide-lactone, plakortolide J (2), were isolated from the Puerto Rican sponge Plakortis halichondrioides, along with two previously reported cyclic peroxides, 4 and 5. The structures of the new metabolites were determined by spectroscopic and chemical analyses. The absolute stereostructures of 1, 2, and 5 were determined by degradation reactions followed by application of Kishi's method for the assignment of absolute configuration of alcohols. Biological screening of cycloperoxides 1-5 and semisynthetic analogues 7-12 for cytotoxic activity against various human tumor cell lines revealed that compounds 3, 4, and 11 are very active. Upon assaying for antimalarial and antitubercular activity, some of the compounds tested showed strong activity against the pathogenic microbes Plasmodium falciparum and Mycobacterium tuberculosis.
The construction of high efficiency human bone marrow tissue ex vivo (1991)

The successful ex vivo reconstruction of human bone marrow is an extraordinarily important basic scientific and clinical goal. Fundamentally, the system is the paradigm of a complex interactive tissue, in which the proliferation and regulated differentiation of one parenchymal cell type (the hematopoietic stem cell) is governed by the surrounding stromal cells. Understanding and reproducing the molecular interactions between bone marrow stromal cells and stem cells in tissue culture models is therefore the critical step in successful bone marrow tissue culture. Clinically, successful reconstruction of human bone marrow would permit the controlled production of mature blood cells for transfusion therapy, and immature bone marrow stem cells for bone marrow transplantation. In approaching the bone marrow culture system, we recognize the critical role that hematopoietic growth factors (HGFs) play in hematopoiesis. Since stromal cells in traditional human bone marrow cultures produce little HGFs, we have begun by asking whether local supplementation of hematopoietic growth factors via genetically engineered stromal cells might augment hematopoiesis in liquid cultures. The results indicate that locally produced GM-CSF and IL-3 do augment hematopoiesis for several weeks in culture. In combination with geometric and dynamic approaches to reconstructing physiological bone marrow microenvironments, we believe that this approach has promise for reconstructing human bone marrow ex vivo, thereby permitting its application to a variety of basic and clinical problems.
Draft Genome Sequences of Three Aeromonas hydrophila Isolates from Catfish and Tilapia (2017)

Aeromonas hydrophila is a Gram-negative bacterium that is particularly adapted to freshwater environments and can cause severe infections in fish and humans. Here, we report the draft genomes of three A. hydrophila catfish and tilapia isolates.
Nanogels as a Basis for Network Construction (2013)

Reactive nanogels with diverse chemical and physical compositions were synthesized using solution free radical polymerization. Conventional monomer resins show a reduction in polymerization shrinkage and stress as well as improved bond strength when nanogels are used as a filler. Nanogels dispersed in inert solvent at appropriate concentrations form macroscopic networks with chemical compositions that are not directly available from the starting monomers.
Nuclear waste drum assayer (1990)

This paper describes a completely transportable, one-man-operable nuclear waste drum assayer capable of determining the concentrations of all radioisotopes in the drum. The principal radiation measuring devices are a segmented gamma-ray spectrometer utilizing a collimated germanium diode detector and two banks of neutron-sensitive proportional counters nearly surrounding the rotating drum. The neutron counters provide a sensitive measure of the transuranic activities present, and the germanium spectrometer provides a quantitative determination of the gamma-ray emitting radioactivities. The bremsstrahlung radiation from {sup 90}Sr is also measured by the germanium detector and is used to quantify this isotope. Software algorithms determine the concentrations of the so-called difficult-to-measure radionuclides based on the directly measured nuclides and operator input regarding the source waste stream. The system can quantitatively sort waste into transuranic, low-level, or even the proposed new category of below regulatory concern.'' 4 refs.
Recovery of Jointly Sparse Signals from Few Random Projections (2005)

Compressed sensing is an emerging field based on the revelation that a small group of linear projections of a sparse signal contains enough information for reconstruc-tion. In this paper we introduce a new theory for distributed compressed sensing (DCS) that enables new distributed coding algorithms for multi-signal ensembles that exploit both intra- and inter-signal correlation structures. The DCS theory rests on a new concept that we term the joint sparsity of a signal ensemble. We study three simple models for jointly sparse signals, propose algorithms for joint recov-ery of multiple signals from incoherent projections, and characterize theoretically and empirically the number of measurements per sensor required for accurate re-construction. In some sense DCS is a framework for distributed compression of sources with memory, which has remained a challenging problem in information theory for some time. DCS is immediately applicable to a range of problems in sensor networks and arrays. 1
Enhanced dynamic radio resource allocation performance using a gradient descent algorithm (2002)

Mobility of the wireless user creates uncertainty in demand and non-optimum use of radio resources. Current wireless networks are periodically re-configured manually to improve network performance. Dynamic channel assignment (DCA) methods can be used to reconfigure radio channels automatically. But many of these DCA techniques use "parochial" allocation schemes which consider only the received interference levels and do not consider the impact of the new interference generated by a particular channel assignment on other cells. These DCA algorithms typically allocate channels on an instantaneous need basis so there is little computation time to consider the impact of network wide interference. This paper will propose a new DCA approach which uses time intervals to estimate traffic trends. These traffic trends will be used to estimate radio requirements for each period. All investigated DCA algorithms will consider network wide interference impact and select radio configurations which minimize overall interference. This paper will examine the performance of two different DCA approaches, the gradient descent algorithm (GDA) and cell level radio tuning algorithm (CLRTA) methods. The different DCA algorithms will also be compared to static allocation algorithms. The GDA is shown to have superior performance to that of the CLRTA by approximately 2-4 dB depending on the number of available radio channels. The DCA approach is approximately 3-5 dB better than conventional fixed channel allocation (FCA) scheme.
Prediction of intradialytic morbid events in hemodialysis patients by monitoring the second derivative of relative blood volume (2012)

Intradialytic morbid events (IME) are a major issue affecting hemodialysis (HD) patients. Change in relative blood volume (RBV) reflects change in plasma refilling rate (PRR) and variability of ultrafiltration rate (UFR). However, degree of fluid overload influences this relationship. We propose a method using a second derivative of RBV (SDRBV) model to detect decrease in PRR during HD which is a major factor associated with IME. Forty-five HD patients (age 55.7±14 years, height 167.7±10 cm, Pre HD weight 79.3±16.6 kg) were studied with a total of 245 treatments, with IME occurring in 124 treatments. Predictions of IME with the SDRBV model showed 92 % sensitivity for 124 IME and 43 % specificity of 121 non IME treatments respectively. The average time between prediction and IMEs was -30.8±36 minutes. A high positive predictive value was due to 1) using a low-pass filter to reduce possible interferences in the RBV curve and 2) use of 5 minutes sample frequency to apply the SDRBV model. These results indicate that the SDRBV model is a useful tool in clinical practice to predict and prevent IME.
Automatic synthesis of a digital circuit employing an algorithm (2004)

Automatic synthesis of a digital circuit employing an algorithm can be useful for several applications where speed is a vital issue. The digital circuit diagram is provided in AND, OR, NOT and NAND logical bases. The synthesis employs DFG (data flow graph) directed cycles to determine the theoretically optimal insertion of latch setting. The computer program performs the actual synthesis and reduces the effect of human errors. The subalgorithms case is also solved.
A mixed-mode management system for grid scale energy storage units (2015)

Grid scale storage offers valuable benefits for economic and reliable operation of the grid. To justify expensive capital cost of this new technology, it is desirable to increase the revenue stream for storage providers by stacking multiple applications on a single unit. In this paper, we present a mixed-mode management system for grid scale storage which can forecast day-ahead market prices, schedule the storage for participation in energy and frequency regulation markets, and provide voltage regulation service to the grid in real-time. Simulation results show the effectiveness of the proposed method in scheduling and operation of grid scale storage for multiple applications.