gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
DNA sequencing of close to 1000 bases in 40 minutes by capillary electrophoresis using dimethyl sulfoxide and urea as denaturants in replaceable linear polyacrylamide solutions (2002)

The goal of this work was to reduce the capillary electrophoresis (CE) separation time of DNA sequencing fragments with linear polyacrylamide solutions while maintaining the previously achieved long read lengths of 1000 bases. Separation speed can be increased while maintaining long read lengths by reducing the separation matrix viscosity and/or raising the column temperature. As urea is a major contributor to the separation buffer viscosity, reducing its concentration is desirable both for increase in the separation speed and easier solution replacement from the capillary. However, at urea concentrations below 6 M, the denaturing capacity of the separation buffer is not sufficient for accurate base-calling. To restore the denaturing properties of the buffer, a small amount of an organic solvent was added to the formulation. We found that a mixture of 2 M urea with 5% v/w of dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) resulted in 975 bases being sequenced at 70 degrees C in 40 min with 98.5% accuracy. To achieve this result, the software was modified to perform base-calling at a peak resolution as low as 0.24. It is also demonstrated that the products of thermal decomposition of urea had a deleterious effect on the separation performance at temperatures above 70 degrees C. With total replacement of urea with DMSO, at a concentration of 5% v/w in the same linear polyacrylamide (LPA)-containing buffer, it was possible to increase the column temperature up to 90 degrees C. At this temperature, up to 951 bases with 98.5% accuracy could be read in only 32 min of separation. However, with DMSO alone, some groups of C-terminated peaks remained compressed, and column temperature at this level cannot at present be utilized with existing commercial instrumentation.
Channel-separable halftone independent methods for color drift correction (2008)

Color printer calibration is the process of deriving correction functions for device signals (e.g., CMYK), so that the device can be maintained with a fixed known characteristic color response. Since the colorimetric response of the printer can be a strong function of the halftone, the calibration process must be repeated for every halftone supported by the printer. The effort involved in the calibration process thus increases linearly with the number of halftoning methods. In the past few years, it has become common for high-end digital color printers to be equipped with a large number of halftones, thus making the calibration process onerous. We propose a halftone independent method for correcting color (CMY or CMYK) printer drift. Our corrections are derived by measuring a small number of halftone independent fundamental binary patterns based on the 22 binary printer model by Wang et al. Hence, the required measurements do not increase as more halftoning methods are added. First, we derive a halftone correction factor (HCF) that exploits the knowledge of the relationship between the true printer response and the 22-model predicted response for a given halftoning scheme. Therefore, the true color drift can be accurately predicted from halftone-independent measurements and corrected correspondingly. Further, we develop extensions of our proposed color correction framework to the case when the measurements of our fundamental binary patches are acquired by a common desktop scanner. Finally, we exploit the application of the HCF to correct color drift across different media (papers) and for halftoneindependent spatial nonuniformity correction.
Aptameric inhibition of p210<sup>bcr-abl</sup>tyrosine kinase autophosphorylation by oligodeoxynucleotides of defined sequence and backbone structure (1994)

Protein tyrosine kinases play key roles in cellular physiology. Specific inhibitors of these enzymes are important laboratory tools and may prove to be novel therapeutic agents. In this report we describe a new class of tyrosine kinase inhibitor, synthetic oligodeoxynucleotides (ODNs). An ODN is described which specifically inhibits p210bcr-abl tyrosine kinase autophosphorylation in vitro with a Ki of 0.5 microM. Inhibition is non-competitive with respect to ATP. The effects upon inhibitory activity of ODN structure modifications are described. The inhibition described is not mediated by classical antisense mechanisms and represents an example of the recently recognized aptameric properties of ODNs.
Distributed measurement of the Brillouin dynamic grating spectrum using the correlation-domain method with a fixed correlation peak position (2021)

We demonstrated the distributed measurement of Brillouin dynamic grating spectra along a polarization-maintaining optical fiber without moving the correlation peak position, which is a measurement position scanned in the conventional correlation-domain methods. Our results present new possibilities for developing spatially resolved measurement methods using the correlation-domain technique.
Influence of aromatic substitution patterns on azo dye degradability by Streptomyces spp. and Phanerochaete chrysosporium (1992)

Twenty-two azo dyes were used to study the influence of substituents on azo dye biodegradability and to explore the possibility of enhancing the biodegradabilities of azo dyes without affecting their properties as dyes by changing their chemical structures. Streptomyces spp. and Phanerochaete chrysosporium were used in the study. None of the actinomycetes (Streptomyces rochei A10, Streptomyces chromofuscus A11, Streptomyces diastaticus A12, S. diastaticus A13, and S. rochei A14) degraded the commercially available Acid Yellow 9. Decolorization of monosulfonated mono azo dye derivatives of azobenzene by the Streptomyces spp. was observed with five azo dyes having the common structural pattern of a hydroxy group in the para position relative to the azo linkage and at least one methoxy and/or one alkyl group in an ortho position relative to the hydroxy group. The fungus P. chrysosporium attacked Acid Yellow 9 to some extent and extensively decolorized several azo dyes. A different pattern was seen for three mono azo dye derivatives of naphthol. Streptomyces spp. decolorized Orange I but not Acid Orange 12 or Orange II. P. chrysosporium, though able to transform these three azo dyes, decolorized Acid Orange 12 and Orange II more effectively than Orange I. A correlation was observed between the rate of decolorization of dyes by Streptomyces spp. and the rate of oxidative decolorization of dyes by a commercial preparation of horseradish peroxidase type II, extracellular peroxidase preparations of S. chromofuscus A11, or Mn(II) peroxidase from P. chrysosporium. Ligninase of P. chrysosporium showed a dye specificity different from that of the other oxidative enzymes.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Measuring Skin Reflectance and Subsurface Scattering (2005)

It is well known that human facial skin has complex reflectance properties that are difficult to model, render, and edit. We built two measurement devices to analyze and reconstruct the reflectance properties of facial skin. One device is a dome-structured face scanning system equipped with 16 cameras and 150 point light sources that is used to acquire BRDF samples of a face. The other device is a touch-based HDR imaging system to measure subsurface scattering properties of the face. In this technical report we describe how these devices are constructed, calibrated, and used to acquire high-quality reflectance data of human faces.
Thoracic Epidural Catheter Placement Via the Caudal Approach in Infants by Using Electrocardiographic Guidance (2002)

Epidural electrocardiography may be used to guide the positioning of the thoracic epidural catheter tip via the caudal approach to the appropriate dermatome for optimum analgesia.
Noble Gas Adsorption in Metal–Organic Frameworks Containing Open Metal Sites (2014)

The adsorption of noble gases (Ar, Kr, Xe, and Rn) and N2 by a diverse range of Metal–Organic Frameworks (MOFs) containing open metal sites (OMS) was systematically investigated using volumetric gas porosimetry and grand canonical Monte Carlo simulation. The ten MOFs considered are grouped into two series. The first, MOF-74-x, is based upon MOF-74/CPO-27, which has divalent metal ions Mg, Co, Ni, and Zn, and was chosen to explore the effect of metal identity within a constant topology. The second series, nbo-MOFs, consists of NOTT-100, NOTT-101, NOTT-102, NOTT-103, and PCN-14 and probes the effect of pore size while maintaining constant OMS identity and similar coordination environment. Comparisons of the nbo-MOFs with HKUST-1 are also made, since this MOF has a similar chemical structure, although the topology is different from the nbo structures. Gas uptake and Henry's constant (kH) for nbo-MOFs increase with decreasing pore size, and as pore size decreases, the effect of gas polarizability on kH becomes more profound. This implies that tailored pore size can strongly influence kH, especially for the more polarizable gases Kr and Xe. A detailed analysis of the void space in the nbo-series reveals large cages connected by narrow pores, resulting in tortuous, zigzag diffusion pathways that likely increase the strength of the MOF–gas interaction. Data for the MOF-74-x series show that both the density of OMS and their accessibility in this topology enhance the framework interaction with the noble gases. However, because the interaction is largely due to (point charge)−(induced-dipole) interactions and the charge on the metal ion varies little, the specific identity of the metal ion is relatively unimportant. Consequently, new MOFs tailored to maximize noble gas uptake from air should target structures with both a high density of OMS and pores that are approaching the size of the gas of interest.
Coal flow meter development. Phase II. Laboratory evaluation (1981)

With the increased application of new combustion and power generating techniques, the need has arisen for better means to accurately measure the coal flowing into a fluidized bed through small pipes. To be most useful, the flowmeter should provide real-time data on the coal flow rate, the moisture level in the coal and the heating value of the coal. The techniques of electron and nuclear magnetic resonance (ESR and NMR) offer the potential of meeting these criteria in a non-invasive manner. Phase I of the program measured the ESR and the hydrogen NMR characteristics of a wide variety of coals and related these signals to the calorific value, moisture level and coal composition. Under Phase II an experimental apparatus was assembled and evaluated in the laboratory to develop the detailed concept of the combined ESR-NMR flowmeter to be constructed in Phase III. The evaluation of the laboratory model indicates a good general utility of the concept for coal flow measurements. The program will continue in Phase III with the construction and testing under actual flow conditions of a 3/8 inch model.
Noncontact thermal-wave imaging of subsurface structure with infrared detection (1984)

A noncontact thermal imaging system using infrared detection is described. The system uses a chopped and scanned electron beam as a heat source to produce a temperature pattern on the surface of the sample. The resulting thermal radiation is detected and used for numerical image reconstruction of the sample’s subsurface structure.
Coding for Network-Coded Slotted ALOHA (2015)

Slotted ALOHA can benefit from physical-layer network coding (PNC) by decoding one or multiple linear combinations of the packets simultaneously transmitted in a timeslot, forming a system of linear equations. Different systems of linear equations are recovered in different timeslots. A message decoder then recovers the original packets of all the users by jointly solving multiple systems of linear equations obtained over different timeslots. We propose the batched BP decoding algorithm that combines belief propagation (BP) and local Gaussian elimination. Compared with pure Gaussian elimination decoding, our algorithm reduces the decoding complexity from cubic to linear function of the number of users. Compared with the ordinary BP decoding algorithm for low-density generator-matrix codes, our algorithm has better performance and the same order of computational complexity. We analyze the performance of the batched BP decoding algorithm by generalizing the tree-based approach and provide an approach to optimize the system performance.
INTERFACIAL STABILITY OF THIN FILM HYDROGEN SENSORS (2000)

The real and perceived hazards of hydrogen fuel use, its production, and storage require extensive safety precautions and codes to be put in place before any serious movement can be made towards a hydrogen based energy future. Currently, commercial hydrogen detectors are not useful for widespread use, particularly in transportatio n, because they are too bulky, expensive, and dangerous. Recent work sponsored by the DOE Hydrogen Program has developed promising technologies for satisfying the future demands. Sensors that exhibit physical or optical changes when exposed to hydrogen have been fabricated and tested, and promise to provide inexpensive hydrogen detection. For example, there are thick film and thin film metallic sensors that exhibit a conductivity change when hydrogen adsorbs on the surface and is incorporated into the lattice. There are thin film sensors that are deposited as a part of a field-effect transistor, where accumulation of atomic hydrogen at the metal/insulator interface results in a change of response from the circuit. Finally, there are chemochromic sensors, where reaction of thin films with hydrogen gas results in an optical change that can be sensed by a probe beam of light. All of these sensors have the potential for degradation in their performance over time due either to mechanisms that are inherent in their construction, a result of their cyclic interaction with hydrogen, or contamination from impurities in the environments in which they will be used. Research to study those issues in order to rank their importance to the various sensor concepts, to determine the relevant mechanisms, and to mitigate these factors is reported here.
SU‐C‐220‐03: Texture‐Based Identification of Pathologic Change on Temporally Subtracted Radiographic Chest Images (2011)

Purpose: Temporal subtraction images created from sequential chest radiographs provide a tool for the enhanced visualization of pathologic change. Although these images provide valuable information to radiologists, the presence of misregistration artifacts could confound the appreciation of actual pathologic change regions. The purpose of this study was to develop a method for the automated identification of pathologic change depicted on temporal subtraction images using a texture‐based classification framework.Methods: Eighty‐eight temporal subtraction images derived from the posteroanterior chest radiographs of 49 patients were created using an existing temporal subtraction algorithm. With the corresponding computed tomography (CT) scan as a reference, an experienced radiologist manually outlined all regions of pathologic change on each subtraction image to provide the “truth.” Generated with each subtraction image was a corresponding “lung mask” image that defined the spatial extent of the lung fields within the image. Candidate pathologic change regions were segmented within the lung mask using a gray‐level thresholding technique, and morphological features computed for each region (e.g., area, circularity, perimeter) were used to reduce false positives. Texture features extracted from a 64×64‐pixel region of interest (ROI) placed over the centroid of each remaining candidate within the subtraction image were input to an automated linear discriminant classifier, which was trained using the regions of actual change outlined by the radiologist. Performance was evaluated using receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis.Results: A resubstitution classifier training/testing paradigm applied to the set of change region candidates yielded an area‐under‐the‐ROC‐curve value (Az) of 0.75. A 10‐fold cross validation training/testing paradigm for evaluating “truth” regions yielded Az=0.88 Conclusions: This study demonstrates the potential for texture features to distinguish regions of pathologic change from misregistration artifacts on temporal subtraction images of the chest. Future work will seek to improve the extraction of initial region candidates. Disclosure statement: SGA and HM receive royalties and licensing fees through the University of Chicago related to computer‐aided diagnosis. HM is a consultant for Riverain Medical.
Automated detection and segmentation of follicles in 3D ultrasound for assisted reproduction (2018)

Follicle quantification refers to the computation of the number and size of follicles in 3D ultrasound volumes of the ovary. This is one of the key factors in determining hormonal dosage during female infertility treatments. In this paper, we propose an automated algorithm to detect and segment follicles in 3D ultrasound volumes of the ovary for quantification. In a first of its kind attempt, we employ noise-robust phase symmetry feature maps as likelihood function to perform mean-shift based follicle center detection. Max-flow algorithm is used for segmentation and gray weighted distance transform is employed for post-processing the results. We have obtained state-of-the-art results with a true positive detection rate of >90% on 26 3D volumes with 323 follicles.
Analysis of high frequency MID-QRS potentials vs ST segment and T wave analysis for the diagnosis of ischemic heart disease (2003)

The objective of the present study was to examine the effect of induced ischemia on the morphology of the high frequency MID-QRS (HF-QRS) potentials in patients referred to Thallium stress myocardial perfusion (SPECT) imaging. High-resolution ECG waveforms from 12 leads were analyzed before, during, and following stress testing using BSP Biological Signal Processing Ltd. (Tel Aviv, Israel) system. The changes in the HF-QRS total energy were examined. Also conventional ST-T analysis for ischemic heart disease was performed. The results from the HF-QRS and the conventional ECG analysis were compared to the nuclear imaging results. The high frequency method detected 24 out of 28 of the ischemic patients (86%), and 37 out of 52 of the non-ischemic patients (71%). The conventional ST segment and T wave analysis detected only 11 out of 28 of the ischemic patients (39%), and 34 out of 52 of the non-ischemic patients (65%). In conclusion, the present study shows that the HF ECG has better clinical diagnostic performance compared to the conventional ECG based methods.
Surface Decontamination of Type 304L Stainless Steel with Electrolytically Generated Hydrogen: Design and Operation of the Electrolyzer (1993)

The surface of tritiated Type 304L stainless steel is decontaminated by isotopic exchange with the hydrogen generated in an electrolyzer. This steel had previously been exposed to tritium in a tritium gas facility for several years. The electrolyzer for the decontamination uses a conducting solid polymer electrolyte made of a Nafion membrane. The cathode where the hydrogen is formed is nickel deposited on one of the polymer surfaces. This cathode is placed next to the region of the steel to be decontaminated. The decontamination involves, essentially, the tritiated oxide layers of which the initial radioactivity is ∼5 kBq/cm2. After treatment for 1 h, the decontamination factor is 8.
Carrier-envelope phase stabilization by controlling compressor grating separation (2008)

Previously, we demonstrated the stabilization of the carrier-envelope (CE) phase of the laser pulses from a chirped pulse amplifier by controlling the effective grating separation in the stretcher. In this work, we show that the CE phase can also be stabilized to ∼230mrad by controlling the grating separation in a compressor. The cutoff frequency of the piezoelectric transducer mounted grating for the phase stabilization system was found to be higher than 60Hz.
A Snapback-Free Reverse Conducting Insulated-Gate Bipolar Transistor With Discontinuous Field-Stop Layer (2018)

In this paper, a novel reverse conducting insulator gate bipolar transistor (RC-IGBT) with discontinuous field-stop (DFS) layer is proposed and investigated. The DFS increases the distributed resistance near the collector side in the unipolar mode; and thus, eliminates the snapback phenomenon with a reduced half-cell pitch of 60 μm. In the blocking state, the depletion region is pinched off by the DFS and thus punchthrough is avoided, ensuring high breakdown voltage of 1200 V. The DFS RC-IGBT shows higher short-circuit ruggedness and increases the shortcircuit duration time by 30% compared with the conventional RC-IGBT due to the decreased base transport factor. The proposed structure also achieves better tradeoff between turn-OFF loss and forward voltage drop. For the same forward voltage drop, the turn-OFF loss is reduced by 30%.
AUTOMATIC MULTI-PROJECTOR CALIBRATION - A Review of Systems for Non-experienced Users (2011)

Multi-projector systems are widely used in many application areas. Such systems are for instance employed to increase the brightness or the resolution of projected images. Intrinsic to multi-projector systems are problems like geometric misalignment, especially when projecting onto complex arbitrarily formed projection surfaces, and photometric deviations. Therefore, several difficult calibration tasks (geometry, brightness, color) have to be performed. A high-quality and easy-to-use calibration process is the key to good usability for untrained or unexperienced users. Due to the fact that manual calibration is time-consuming and imprecise, automatic approaches were developed in recent years. This paper analyzes the most popular state-of-the-art algorithms and setups with respect to their advantages and disadvantages. We summarize the general working principles of calibration algorithms and provide an outlook into the fields in which the described algorithms are most useful.
Cantilever couplers for fiber coupling to silicon photonic integrated circuits (2010)

Cantilever couplers for fiber coupling to silicon photonic integrated circuits are presented. The couplers consist of silicon inverse width tapers embedded within silicon dioxide cantilevers that are deflected out-of plane by residual stress. Coupling efficiencies of 1.6 dB per connection for TE polarization and 2 dB per connection for TM polarization are achieved. Finite difference time domain simulations are conducted to assess coupling loss as a function of cantilever geometry and fiber-to-cantilever misalignment. The cantilever couplers enable high efficiency propagation of light from optical fibers to photonic integrated circuits directly on a chip surface without dicing or cleaving.
The Total Synthesis of Eleutherobin: A Surprise Ending (1998)

An "sp<sup>2</sup> -sp<sup>3</sup> Stille coupling" of the vinyl triflate 1 and the stannyl compound 2 is a key step toward the completion of the total synthesis of eleutherobin, a natural product exhibiting taxol-like cytotoxic activity.