gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Business Models for NFC based mobile payments (2015)

Purpose: The purpose of the paper is to develop a business model framework for NFC based mobile payment solutions consisting of four mutually interdepended components: the value service, value network, value architecture, and value finance. Design: Using a comparative case study method, the paper investigates Google Wallet and ISIS Mobile Wallet and their underlying business models. Findings: Google Wallet and ISIS Mobile Wallet are focusing on providing an enhanced customer experience with their mobile wallet through a multifaceted value proposition. The delivery of its offering requires cooperation from multiple stakeholders and the creation of an ecosystem. Furthermore, they focus on the scalability of their value propositions. Originality / value: The paper offers an applicable business model framework that allows practitioners and academics to study current and future mobile payment approaches.
Study of Paging Enhancements for UE Energy Saving in 5G New Radio (2021)

The paging functionality in New Radio release 15 can be energy consuming, especially if a UE is rarely paged or its Paging Occasion (PO) suffers from a high false paging alarm rate. Therefore, paging enhancements for UE power saving are being developed in New Radio release 17. In this work, the concept of Early Paging Indication (EPI), where a UE is notified in advance of its PO whether the UE has to monitor the PO, is examined. As a result, the UE can skip the time-frequency synchronization phase prior to a PO, if the UE need not monitor the PO. The EPI can be signaled via a Downlink Control Information (DCI) message carried in the Physical Downlink Control Channel or via a Reference Signal, e.g. the Secondary Synchronization Signal. Furthermore, the EPI may carry sub-grouping information to divide the UEs, sharing the same PO, into sub-groups, resulting in lower group paging rate and fewer false paging alarms.Simulation results show the EPI can lead to 17 %-34 % energy savings as compared to the release 15 basic paging procedure, depending on the UE SINR radio conditions. If the EPI is complemented with sub-group information an additional 10 % energy can be saved, while also mitigating the impact of high group paging rates. The DCI-based EPI can flexibly contain the sub-group indication, and potentially also Short Message and other information, and is therefore the preferred option.
A methodology for efficient estimation of switching activity in sequential logic circuits (1994)

W e describe a computationally ecient s c heme to approximate average switching activity in sequential circuits which requires the solution of a non-linear system of equations of size N, where the variables correspond to state line probabilities. W e show that the approximation method is within 3% of the exact Chapman-Kolmogorov method, but is orders of magnitude faster for large circuits. Previous sequential switching activity estimation methods can have signicantly greater inaccuracies.
Elevated serum angiogenin levels in ALS (2006)

These data suggest a modest elevation in serum angiogenin in ALS at diagnosis. Further investigation will be required to assess the utility of serum angiogenin as a biomarker for ALS and as a predictor of disease progression.
High-quality splatting on rectilinear grids with efficient culling of occluded voxels (1999)

Splatting is a popular volume rendering algorithm that pairs good image quality with an efficient volume projection scheme. The current axis-aligned sheet-buffer approach, however, bears certain inaccuracies. The effect of these is less noticeable in still images, but clearly revealed in animated viewing, where disturbing popping of object brightness occurs at certain view angle transitions. In previous work, we presented a new variant of sheet-buffered splatting in which the compositing sheets are oriented parallel to the image plane. This scheme not only eliminates the condition for popping, but also produces images of higher quality. In this paper, we summarize this new paradigm and extend it in a number of ways. We devise a new solution to render rectilinear grids of equivalent cost to the traditional approach that treats the anisotropic volume as being warped into a cubic grid. This enables us to use the usual radially symmetric kernels, which can be projected without inaccuracies. Next, current splatting approaches necessitate the projection of all voxels in the iso-interval(s), although only a subset of these voxels may eventually be visible in the final image. To eliminate these wasteful computations we propose a novel front-to-back approach that employs an occlusion map to determine if a splat contributes to the image before it is projected, thus skipping occluded splats. Additional measures are presented for further speedups. In addition, we present an efficient list-based volume traversal scheme that facilitates the quick modification of transfer functions and iso-values.
H.264 Motion Estimation and Applications (2012)

A video signal represented as a sequence of frames of pixels contains vast amount of redundant information that can be eliminated with video compression technology enhancing the total transmission and hence storage becomes more efficient. To facilitate interoperability between compression at the video producing source and decompression at
A role for surface hydrophobicity in protein‐protein recognition (1994)

The role of hydrophobicity as a determinant of protein-protein interactions is examined. Surfaces of apo-protein targets comprising 9 classes of enzymes, 7 antibody fragments, hirudin, growth hormone, and retinol-binding protein, and their associated ligands with available X-ray structures for their complexed forms, are scanned to determine clusters of surface-accessible amino acids. Clusters of surface residues are ranked on the basis of the hydrophobicity of their constituent amino acids. The results indicate that the location of the co-crystallized ligand is commonly found to correspond with one of the strongest hydrophobic clusters on the surface of the target molecule. In 25 of 38 cases, the correspondence is exact, with the position of the most hydrophobic cluster coinciding with more than one-third of the surface buried by the bound ligand. The remaining 13 cases demonstrate this correspondence within the top 6 hydrophobic clusters. These results suggest that surface hydrophobicity can be used to identify regions of a protein's surface most likely to interact with a binding ligand. This fast and simple procedure may be useful for identifying small sets of well-defined loci for possible ligand attachment.
The MHC Molecules of Nonmammalian Vertebrates (1990)

There is very little known about the long-term evolution of the MHC and MHC-like molecules. This is because both the theory (the evolutionary questions and models) and the practice (the animals systems, functional assays and reagents to identify and characterize these molecules) have been difficult to develop. There is no molecular evidence yet to decide whether vertebrate immune systems (and particularly the MHC molecules) are evolutionarily related to invertebrate allorecognition systems, and the functional evidence can be interpreted either way. Even among the vertebrates, there is great heterogeneity in the quality and quantity of the immune response. The functional evidence for T-lymphocyte function in jawless and cartilagenous fish is poor, while the bony fish seem to have many characteristics of a mammalian immune system. The organization and sequence of fish Ig genes also indicate that important events in the evolution of the immune system and the MHC occurred in the fish, but thus far there is no molecular evidence for recognizable MHC-like molecules in any fish. There is clearly an MHC in amphibians and birds with many characteristics like the MHC of mammals (a single genetic region encoding polymorphic class I and class II molecules) and evidence for polymorphic class I and class II molecules in reptiles. However, many details differ from the mammals, and it is not clear whether these reflect historical accident or selection for different lifestyles or environment. For example, the adult frog Xenopus has a vigorous immune system with many similarities to mammals, a ubiquitous class I molecule, but a much wider class II tissue distribution than human, mouse and chicken. The Xenopus tadpole has a much more restricted immune response, no cell surface class I molecules and a mammalian class II distribution. The axolotl has a very poor immune response (as though there are no helper T cells), a wide class II distribution and, for most animals, no cell surface class I molecule. It would be enlightening to understand both the mechanisms for the regulation of the MHC molecules during ontogeny and the consequences for the immune system and survival of the animals. These animals also differ markedly in the level of MHC polymorphism. Another difference from mammals is the presence of previously uncharacterized molecules. In Xenopus and reptiles, there are two populations of class I alpha chain on the surface of erythrocytes, those in association with beta 2m and those in association with a disulfide-linked homodimer.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
Direct Gene Transfer into Plant Protoplasts (2003)

The techniques of plant molecular biology have advanced rapidly in the last 5 yr, and, for a number of plant species, including some crops, it is now possible to bypass traditional plant breeding techniques and introduce specific genes directly. The earliest reports of the transformation of plants with foreign genes exploited the fact that the soil bacterium Agrobacterium tumefaciens, which induces the formation of crown galls, transfers part of a plasmid (the tumor-inducing, Ti, plasmid) into its host (e.g., ref. 1). The isolation and modification of this plasmid by the insertion of one or more structural genes together with regulatory elements has provided the means of genetically manipulating intact plants, cultured plant tissues, and protoplasts.
Prediction of the crystal structures of perovskites using the software program <i>SPuDS</i> (2001)

The software program SPuDS has been developed to predict the crystal structures of perovskites, including those distorted by tilting of the octahedra. The user inputs the composition and SPuDS calculates the optimal structure in ten different Glazer tilt systems. This is performed by distorting the structure to minimize the global instability index, while maintaining rigid octahedra. The location of the A-site cation is chosen so as to maximize the symmetry of its coordination environment. In its current form SPuDS can handle up to four different A-site cations in the same structure, but only one octahedral ion. Structures predicted by SPuDS are compared with a number of previously determined structures to illustrate the accuracy of this approach. SPuDS is also used to examine the prospects for synthesizing new compounds in tilt systems with multiple A-site coordination geometries (a(+)a(+)a(+), a(0)b(+)b(+), a(0)b(-)c(+)).
Recent advances in the design and optimization of adenosine A2A receptor antagonists. (2005)

In recent years, the adenosine A2A receptor has gained interest as a potential therapeutic target for alleviating the symptoms of Parkinson's disease. Adenosine A2A receptor antagonists are orally effective in a variety of rodent models of Parkinson's disease. Traditionally, adenosine A2A, receptor antagonists are divided into two general classes, xanthine or non-xanthine derivatives. Extensive optimization among the xanthine derivatives has already led to the clinical candidate KW-6002 (Kyowa Hakko Kogyo Co Ltd). However, there is increasing interest among researchers in this field to explore other classes of compounds as potential antagonists for this particular receptor. This review highlights the more recent developments in the design and optimization of non-xanthine derivatives as adenosine A2A receptor antagonists.
Spin and motion dynamics with zigzag ion crystals in transverse magnetic gradients (2018)

Abstract We investigate the dynamics of ion crystals in zigzag configuration in transverse magnetic field gradients. A surface-electrode Paul trap is employed to trap 40 Ca + ions and features submerged current wires to generate magnetic field gradients of up to 16.3(9) T m −1 at the ions position. With the gradient aligned in the direction perpendicular to the axis of weakest confinement, along which linear ion crystals are formed, we demonstrate magnetic field gradient induced coupling between the spin and ion motion. We perform sideband spectroscopy upon directly driving the spins with a radiofrequency field for crystals of three ions on their linear-to-zigzag structural transition. Furthermore, we observe the rich excitation spectrum of vibrational modes in a planar crystal comprised of four ions.
Microcystin-LR Induced Immunotoxicity in Mammals (2016)

Microcystins are toxic molecules produced by cyanobacterial blooms due to water eutrophication. Exposure to microcystins is a global health problem because of its association with various other pathological effects and people all over the world are exposed to microcystins on a regular basis. Evidence shows that microcystin-LR (MC-LR) may adversely affect the immune system, but its specific effects on immune functions are lacking. In the present review, immunotoxicological effects associated with MC-LR in animals, humans, and in vitro models have been reported. Overall, the data shows that chronic exposure to MC-LR has the potential to impair vital immune responses which could lead to increased risk of various diseases including cancers. Studies in animal and in vitro models have provided some pivotal understanding into the potential mechanisms of MC-LR related immunotoxicity suggesting that further investigation, particularly in humans, is required to better understand the relationship between development of disease and the MC-LR exposure.
3D Contour Closing: A local operator based on Chamfer distance transformation (2013)

Visual perception evolved in a world of objects many of which are bounded by smooth closed contours. Especially with the three-dimensional dataset that need to be marked the locations of filaments to get the region of interest. There also exist other structures with high values (noise) or we may loose some information within the image through contour detection process. For instance, a simple global thresholding method based on gradient edge detection will give us poor results even when if we choose an optimal threshold value. Indeed, there exist many other structures with high grey level values. Global thresholding may keep noise if threshold parameter is too low, and we may loose some image information if threshold parameter is too large. The paper describes a new contour closing method, a local operator based on the so-called Chamfer distance transformation. Inside we give a quick overview of the original philosophy and motivation of this algorithm. In addition, some numerical simulations will be presented and applied to the 3D biological mice vessel network. 1
Understanding Genetic Variations as Risk Factors for Development Venous Thrombo-Embolism (VTE) (2016)

Venous thrombosis (VT) possess a major health problem worldwide and has a high incidence in several populations across the world. Its two clinical manifestations include deep vein thrombosis (DVT) and pulmonary embolism (PE). The pathogenetic mechanism of venous thromboembolism (VTE) is still not completely elucidated, however there are clear evidences that the process occurs by complex interaction of genetic and environmental factors, wherein, genetic risk factors plays a major role. These numerous conditions that are known for predisposition of venous thromboembolism are commonly referred to as ‘risk factors’. Classical risk factors for VTE include advancing age, prolonged immobilization, surgery, use of oral contraceptives or hormones, pregnancy, cancer etc. However, in the recent decades, studies have emerged that indicating a major role of novel genetic risk factors. These genetic risk factors include genes related to haemostatic system and coagulation cascade. Understanding the of role of these genes as predisposing factors for VTE represent a crucial step for a better understanding of pathogenesis of thrombosis. Several genes that have been studied for their mutations playing a role in VTE are factor V Leiden (FVL), antithrombin (AT), protein C, protein S, prothrombin, fibrinogen etc. The risk associated with each genetic defect might be relatively insignificant when studied individually but simultaneous involvement of several mutations increase the risk of susceptibility. In addition to this, acquired risk factors interacting with one or more genetic variations further add to the risk of VTE. This review has been complied to interrogate the role of several genetic and acquired risk factors across various populations as investigated in numerous studies.
Functional recovery with recombinant human IGF1 treatment in a mouse model of Rett Syndrome (2014)

Rett Syndrome is a neurodevelopmental disorder that arises from mutations in the X-linked gene methyl-CpG binding protein 2 (MeCP2). MeCP2 has a large number of targets and a wide range of functions, suggesting the hypothesis that functional signaling mechanisms upstream of synaptic and circuit maturation may contribute to our understanding of the disorder and provide insight into potential treatment. Here, we show that insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF1) levels are reduced in young male Mecp2-null (Mecp2(-/y)) mice, and systemic treatment with recombinant human IGF1 (rhIGF1) improves lifespan, locomotor activity, heart rate, respiration patterns, and social and anxiety behavior. Furthermore, Mecp2-null mice treated with rhIGF1 show increased synaptic and activated signaling pathway proteins, enhanced cortical excitatory synaptic transmission, and restored dendritic spine densities. IGF1 levels are also reduced in older, fully symptomatic heterozygous (Mecp2(-/+)) female mice, and short-term treatment with rhIGF1 in these animals improves respiratory patterns, reduces anxiety levels, and increases exploratory behavior. In addition, rhIGF1 treatment normalizes abnormally prolonged plasticity in visual cortex circuits of adult Mecp2(-/+) female mice. Our results provide characterization of the phenotypic development of Rett Syndrome in a mouse model at the molecular, circuit, and organismal levels and demonstrate a mechanism-based therapeutic role for rhIGF1 in treating Rett Syndrome.
Synthesis and biological evaluation of novel 2‐(4‐<i><scp>O</scp></i>‐β‐<scp>D</scp>‐glucosidoxyphenyl)‐4,5‐disubstituted imidazoles (2010)

Abstract magnified image A series of 2‐(4‐hydroxyphenyl)‐4,5‐disubstituted imidazoles ( 1a , 1b , 1c , 1d , 1e ) prepared from α‐diketones, ammonium acetate, and p ‐hydroxybenzaldehyde, which were glucosylated by using α‐acetobromoglucose to form 2‐(4‐ O ‐ β‐ D ‐2,3,4,6‐tetra‐ O ‐acetyl‐glucosidoxyphenyl)‐4,5‐disubstituted imidazoles ( 2a , 2b , 2c , 2d , 2e ) which on catalytic deacetylation with CH 3 ONa in methanol afforded the title compound 2‐(4‐ O ‐ β‐ D ‐glucosidoxyphenyl)‐4,5‐disubstituted imidazoles ( 3a , 3b , 3c , 3d , 3e ). Compounds were characterized by elemental analysis and by instrumental technique, similarly the title compounds were investigated for antimicrobial and antifungal activity. J. Heterocyclic Chem., (2010).
Mechanism of Heavy Metal Ion Activation of Phytochelatin (PC) Synthase (2000)

The dependence of phytochelatin synthase (gamma-glutamylcysteine dipeptidyltranspeptidase (PCS), EC ) on heavy metals for activity has invariably been interpreted in terms of direct metal binding to the enzyme. Here we show, through analyses of immunopurified, recombinant PCS1 from Arabidopsis thaliana (AtPCS1), that free metal ions are not essential for catalysis. Although AtPCS1 appears to be primarily activated posttranslationally in the intact plant and purified AtPCS1 is able to bind heavy metals directly, metal binding per se is not responsible for catalytic activation. As exemplified by Cd(2+)- and Zn(2+)-dependent AtPCS1-mediated catalysis, the kinetics of PC synthesis approximate a substituted enzyme mechanism in which micromolar heavy metal glutathione thiolate (e.g. Cd.GS(2) or Zn.GS(2)) and free glutathione act as gamma-Glu-Cys acceptor and donor. Further, as demonstrated by the facility of AtPCS1 for the net synthesis of S-alkyl-PCs from S-alkylglutathiones with biphasic kinetics, consistent with the sufficiency of S-alkylglutathiones as both gamma-Glu-Cys donors and acceptors in media devoid of metals, even heavy metal thiolates are dispensable. It is concluded that the dependence of AtPCS1 on the provision of heavy metal ions for activity in media containing glutathione and other thiol peptides is a reflection of this enzyme's requirement for glutathione-like peptides containing blocked thiol groups for activity.
Distributed indoor spectrum occupancy measurements in the UHF TV band (2014)

In this paper we present spectrum usage results from a measurement campaign conducted in Berlin (Germany) during the International Radio Exhibition in September 2013. The measurements were performed in order to understand the characteristics of spectrum usage in the UHF TV band within a large indoor area. The measurement campaign relies on a spectrum sensing grid which is installed across multiple halls on the fairground at the Messe Berlin. We present our measurement setup and report our main findings regarding duty cycles and spatial correlation. Additionally, we focus on the analysis of possible coexistence threats for professional wireless microphone systems.
Smart Home Security Using IoT and Face Recognition (2018)

The Internet of Things(IoT) has made it possible to set up a smart home security through which you can decide who can enter your home using your smartphone and web application. It's also made it simple and relatively affordable to monitor your home anytime and anywhere. the key issue in a traditional home security system is, it is easily breakable and quite outdated. This in turns, results in the robbery and also needs installation of the costly security system. To tackle this problem, we propose a smart home security system, which is IoT as well as face recognition enabled. In our system, the web camera is used which is connected to the raspberry pi accompanied by sensors such as Passive Infrared(Pir) and Ultrasonic sensor. On motion detection camera captures an image of the person in front of the door then real-time face recognition is done using local binary pattern (LBP). If person's image matches with one of the home members then the door will unlock, else doorbell will ring. if an intruder tries to break door then an alarm will be raised at the same time SMS and Email containing image of the intruder will be sent to the homeowner. Face recognition works well in multi-face recognition and stranger identification, which meet the requirement of home security. This system is battery powered in case of power failure. Furthermore, the house owner can keep track of activity happening in the house using android and web application connected to the raspberry pi using the internet. Using Android application or web application owner can also add new person's faces into the databases eg., guests.