gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
The <i>ZIC</i> gene family in development and disease (2005)

The human ZIC gene family is comprised of five members encoding zinc-finger transcription factors, which are the vertebrate homologs of the Drosophila odd-paired gene. Mutations in ZIC genes in humans have recently been implicated in a wide variety of congenital malformations, including Dandy-Walker malformation, holoprosencephaly, neural tube defects, and heterotaxy. Mutant analysis of these genes in mice has underscored the conserved developmental roles of these genes. Further, this analysis has begun to elucidate the molecular and developmental mechanisms underlying these important birth defects.
Preparation, Characterization, and Property of Chitosan/Polyethylene Oxide Electrospun Nanofibrous Membrane for Controlled Drug Release (2014)

Composite nanofibrous membranes of chitosan (CS) and polyethylene oxide (PEO) were prepared by electrospinning, which can be used as wound dressing scaffolds for controlled drug loading and release. Besides, 5-Fluorouracil (5-FU) which had been successfully electrospun into nanofibers was employed as a model of antitumor drug to electrospin within the nanofibrous membranes. The properties of the membranes were characterized by the means, such as SEM, AFM, FTIR spectra, XRD and DSC. Furthermore, this thesis investigates the drug releasing profile from the CS/PEO electrospun nanofibrous membrane. According to investigations, it is showed that when the composite nanofibrous membranes were decomposing, the drugs on the scaffolds were released, which was related to the molecular weight of polymers, the mass ratio of CS/PEO, different total concentrations of polymers and the variation of pH value of in solution. This reversible pH-responsive property of the drug delivery system will regulate the drug release of anticancer therapy in the organism. Therefore, possible mechanisms of controlled drug release were anticipated. Supplemental materials are available for this article. Go to the publisher's online edition of Integrated Ferroelectrics to view the free supplemental file.
On the effect of the acoustic environment on the accuracy of perception of speaker orientation from auditory cues alone (2012)

The ability of people, and of machines, to determine the position of a sound source in a room is well studied.The related ability to determine the orientation of a directed sound source, on the other hand, is not, but the few studies there are show people to be surprisingly skilled at it.This has bearing for studies of face-toface interaction and of embodied spoken dialogue systems, as sound source orientation of a speaker is connected to the head pose of the speaker, which is meaningful in a number of ways.The feature most often implicated for detection of sound source orientation is the inter-aural level difference -a feature which it is assumed is more easily exploited in anechoic chambers than in everyday surroundings.We expand here on our previous studies and compare detection of speaker orientation within and outside of the anechoic chamber.Our results show that listeners find the task easier, rather than harder, in everyday surroundings, which suggests that inter-aural level differences is not the only feature at play.
Clinical Study of the Laser Sheath for Lead Extraction: The Total Experience in the United States (2002)

The laser sheath uses optical fibers, delivering pulsed ultraviolet excimer laser light, to vaporize fibrotic tissue binding intravenous cardiac leads to the vein or heart wall during lead extraction from the implant vein. The total investigational experience with laser sheaths is reported. During the period from October 1995 to December 1999, 2,561 pacing and defibrillator leads were treated in 1,684 patients at 89 sites in the United States with three sizes of laser sheath. Endpoints were complete removal of the lead, partial removal (leaving the tip behind), or failure (abandoning the lead, onset of complications, change to transfemoral or transatrial approach). Minimal follow-up at 30 days was recorded. Of the leads, 90% were completely removed, 3% were partially removed, and the balance were failures. Major perioperative complications (tamponade, hemothorax, pulmonary embolism, lead migration, and death) were observed in 1.9% of patients with in hospital death in 13 (0.8%). Minor complications were seen in an additional 1.4% of patients. Multivariate analysis showed that implant duration was the only preoperative independent predictor of failure; female sex was the only multivariate predictor of complications. Success and complications were not dependent on laser sheath size. At follow-up, various extraction related complications were observed in 2% of patients. The learning curve showed a trend toward fewer complications with experience. Lead extraction with the laser sheath can be safely practiced with high success rates. Success is independent of laser sheath size. Major complications can be expected in < 2% of patients, and occur more often during an investigator's early experience.
Toll-Like Receptor 4 Signaling by Intestinal Microbes Influences Susceptibility to Food Allergy (2004)

The mechanisms by which signaling by the innate immune system controls susceptibility to allergy are poorly understood. In this report, we show that intragastric administration of a food allergen with a mucosal adjuvant induces allergen-specific IgE, elevated plasma histamine levels, and anaphylactic symptoms in three different strains of mice lacking a functional receptor for bacterial LPS (Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4)), but not in MHC-matched or congenic controls. Susceptibility to allergy correlates with a Th2-biased cytokine response in both the mucosal (mesenteric lymph node and Peyer's patch) and systemic (spleen) tissues of TLR4-mutant or -deficient mice. TLR4-mutant mice are not inherently impaired in their ability to regulate Th1 cytokine production because they respond to stimulation via TLR9. Coadministration of CpG oligodeoxynucleotides during sensitization of TLR4-mutant mice with allergen plus CT abrogates anaphylactic symptoms and Ag-specific IgE, and results in a Th1-polarized cytokine response. When the composition of the bacterial flora is reduced and altered by antibiotic administration (beginning at 2 wk of age), TLR4 wild-type mice become as susceptible to the induction of allergy as their TLR4-mutant counterparts. Both allergen-specific IgE and Th2 cytokine responses are reduced in antibiotic-treated mice in which the flora has been allowed to repopulate. Taken together, our results suggest that TLR4-dependent signals provided by the intestinal commensal flora inhibit the development of allergic responses to food Ags.
Recent Trends of Foaming in Polymer Processing: A Review (2019)

Polymer foams have low density, good heat insulation, good sound insulation effects, high specific strength, and high corrosion resistance, and are widely used in civil and industrial applications. In this paper, the classification of polymer foams, principles of the foaming process, types of blowing agents, and raw materials of polymer foams are reviewed. The research progress of various foaming methods and the current problems and possible solutions are discussed in detail.
Design of a space-based radar signal processor (1998)

Space-based radar (SBR) is capable of providing flexible wide-area coverage of air, land, and sea targets. Numerous studies have been carried out in the United States and Canada in recent years to investigate different concepts for SBR. The design of a suitable radar signal processor (RSP) is challenging due to the effects caused by the moving platform on target integration and clutter spectral spread. A candidate RSP is described that uses a corporate fed array (CFA) antenna as its primary radar sensor. The algorithmic definitions of the signal processing functions are provided; the relationships between these functions and the reasons for their location in the signal processing chain are also discussed. In addition, techniques for reducing the computational requirements are also presented.
Localization of the essential histidine and carboxylate group in <scp>d</scp>-xylose isomerases (1990)

D-Xylose isomerases from different bacterial strains were chemically modified with histidine and carboxylate-specific reagents. The active-site residues were identified by amino acid sequence analysis of peptides recognized by differential peptide mapping on ligand-protected and unprotected derivatized enzyme. Both types of modified residues were found to cluster in a region with consensus sequence: Phe-His-Asp-Xaa-Asp-Xaa-Xaa-Pro-Xaa-Gly, conserved in all D-xylose isomerases studied so far. These results are consistent with the recently published X-ray data of the enzyme active centre from Streptomyces rubiginosus showing hydrogen bond formation between Asp-57 and His-54 which locks the latter in one tautomeric form. A study of the pH-dependence of the kinetic parameters suggests the participation of a histidine group in the substrate-binding but not in the isomerization process. Comparison of the N-terminal amino acid sequences of several D-xylose isomerases further revealed a striking homology among the Actinomycetaceae enzymes and identifies them as a specific class of D-xylose isomerases.
<i>Pd<scp>EPF</scp>1</i> regulates water‐use efficiency and drought tolerance by modulating stomatal density in poplar (2015)

Water deficiency is a critical environmental condition that is seriously reducing global plant production. Improved water-use efficiency (WUE) and drought tolerance are effective strategies to address this problem. In this study, PdEPF1, a member of the EPIDERMAL PATTERNING FACTOR (EPF) family, was isolated from the fast-growing poplar clone NE-19 [Populus nigra × (Populus deltoides × Populus nigra)]. Significantly, higher PdEPF1 levels were detected after induction by dehydration and abscisic acid. To explore the biological functions of PdEPF1, transgenic triploid white poplars (Populus tomentosa 'YiXianCiZhu B385') overexpressing PdEPF1 were constructed. PdEPF1 overexpression resulted in increased water deficit tolerance and greater WUE. We confirmed that the transgenic lines with greater instantaneous WUE had approximately 30% lower transpiration but equivalent CO2 assimilation. Lower transpiration was associated with a 28% reduction in abaxial stomatal density. PdEPF1 overexpression not only strongly enhanced WUE, but also greatly improved drought tolerance, as measured by the leaf relative water content and water potential, under limited water conditions. In addition, the growth of these oxPdEPF1 plants was less adversely affected by reduced water availability than plants with a higher stomatal density, indicating that plants with a low stomatal density may be well suited to grow in water-scarce environments. Taken together, our data suggest that PdEPF1 improves WUE and confers drought tolerance in poplar; thus, it could be used to breed drought-tolerant plants with increased production under conditions of water deficiency.
Methacrylate-capped fluoro side chain siloxanes: Synthesis, characterization, and their use in the design of oxygen-permeable hydrogels (1997)

Methacrylate end-capped 3-(2,2,3,3,-tetrafluoropropoxy)propyl, 3-(2,2,3,3,4,4,5,5-octafluoropentoxy)propyl, and 3-(2,2,3,3,4,4,5,5,6,6,7,7-dodecafluorotridecoxy)propyl side chain siloxanes were evaluated for potential use in hydrogels for contact lens application. The preparation of the methacrylate end-capped perfluoro side chain siloxanes was accomplished in two relatively simple synthetic steps. The first step consisted of the acid-catalyzed co-ring opening polymerization of octamethylcyclotetrasiloxane, tetramethylcyclotetrasiloxane, and 1,3-bis-methacryloxybutyltetramethyldisiloxane, followed by a platinum-catalyzed hydrosilation with the tetrafluoro-, octafluoro-, and dodecafluoro-substituted allylic ethers. The incorporation of the terminal [—CF2—H] functionality had a dramatic effect on the increased solubility of the fluoro siloxane with hydrophilic monomers. Radical bulk polymerization of the methacrylate-capped fluoro side chain siloxanes with hydrophilic monomers, such as dimethylacrylamide and N-vinyl pyrrolidinone, resulted in transparent hydrogels possessing a wide range of water contents, high oxygen permeability, and a low modulus of elasticity. © 1997 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 65:1081–1089, 1997
TL antigen as a transplantation antigen recognized by TL-restricted cytotoxic T cells. (1994)

In contrast to broadly expressed classical class I antigens of the major histocompatibility complex, structurally closely related TL antigens are expressed in a highly restricted fashion. Unlike classical class I antigens, TL antigens are not known to be targets of cytotoxic T cells or to mediate graft rejection. Whereas classical class I antigens function as antigen-presenting molecules to T cell receptors (TCR), the role of TL is yet to be defined. To elucidate the function of TL, we have derived transgenic mice expressing TL in most tissues including skin by introducing a TL gene, T3b of C57BL/6 mouse origin, driven by the H-2Kb promoter. By grafting the skin of transgenic mice, we demonstrate that TL can serve as a transplantation antigen and mediate a TCR-alpha/beta+ CD8+ cytotoxic T cell response. This T cell recognition of TL does not require antigen presentation by H-2 molecules. Furthermore, we show that C57BL/6 F1 mice develop CD8+ T cells that are cytotoxic for C57BL/6 TL+ leukemia cells, providing further support for the concept that aberrantly expressed nonmutated proteins such as TL can be recognized as tumor antigens.
Hydrogen‐Borrowing Alkylation of 1,2‐Amino Alcohols in the Synthesis of Enantioenriched γ‐Aminobutyric Acids (2021)

For the first time we have been able to employ enantiopure 1,2-amino alcohols derived from abundant amino acids in C-C bond-forming hydrogen-borrowing alkylation reactions. These reactions are facilitated by the use of the aryl ketone Ph*COMe. Racemisation of the amine stereocentre during alkylation can be prevented by the use of sub-stoichiometric base and protection of the nitrogen with a sterically hindered triphenylmethane (trityl) or benzyl group. The Ph* and trityl groups are readily cleaved in one pot to give γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) products as their HCl salts without further purification. Both steps may be performed in sequence without isolation of the hydrogen-borrowing intermediate, removing the need for column chromatography.
Performance comparison between the InAs-based and GaSb-based type-II superlattice photodiodes for long wavelength infrared detection (2017)

In this paper, we report on the characterization of InAs/GaAsSb type-II superlattice long wavelength infrared photodiodes grown on InAs substrates by molecular-beam epitaxy and also present the device performance comparison with the superlattice devices grown on GaSb substrates. These devices with PIN structures had a 100% cutoff wavelength of 10 μm. The dark current density of InAs-based device at -30 mV reverse bias was 4.01 × 10<sup>-4</sup> A/cm<sup>2</sup> and the resistance-area product at zero bias (R<sub>0</sub>A) was 36.9 Ωcm<sup>2</sup>. The dark current density of GaSb-based device is higher more than one order of magnitude than that of InAs-based device. The temperature-dependence and bias-dependence of the dark current are studied experimentally and correlated to the theory. Good agreement was achieved between the measured I-V curves and the simulated ones, and between the experimental and theoretically predicted differential resistance values. Compared with InAs-based superlattice device, the generation-recombination current of GaSb-based device is larger and dominates in a wider temperature range due to shorter carrier lifetime and higher defect density.
A Survey of Motion Planning and Control Techniques for Self-driving Urban Vehicles (2016)

Self-driving vehicles are a maturing technology with the potential to reshape mobility by enhancing the safety, accessibility, efficiency, and convenience of automotive transportation. Safety-critical tasks that must be executed by a self-driving vehicle include planning of motions through a dynamic environment shared with other vehicles and pedestrians, and their robust executions via feedback control. The objective of this paper is to survey the current state of the art on planning and control algorithms with particular regard to the urban setting. A selection of proposed techniques is reviewed along with a discussion of their effectiveness. The surveyed approaches differ in the vehicle mobility model used, in assumptions on the structure of the environment, and in computational requirements. The side-by-side comparison presented in this survey helps to gain insight into the strengths and limitations of the reviewed approaches and assists with system level design choices.
Unsupervised High-Resolution Depth Learning From Videos With Dual Networks (2019)

Unsupervised depth learning takes the appearance difference between a target view and a view synthesized from its adjacent frame as supervisory signal. Since the supervisory signal only comes from images themselves, the resolution of training data significantly impacts the performance. High-resolution images contain more fine-grained details and provide more accurate supervisory signal. However, due to the limitation of memory and computation power, the original images are typically down-sampled during training, which suffers heavy loss of details and disparity accuracy. In order to fully explore the information contained in high-resolution data, we propose a simple yet effective dual networks architecture, which can directly take high-resolution images as input and generate high-resolution and high-accuracy depth map efficiently. We also propose a Self-assembled Attention (SA-Attention) module to handle low-texture region. The evaluation on the benchmark KITTI and Make3D datasets demonstrates that our method achieves state-of-the-art results in the monocular depth estimation task.
ChemInform Abstract: NICKEL HYDROXIDE (NI(OH)2)‐IMPREGNATED ANODES FOR ALKALINE WATER ELECTROLYSIS (1983)

Abstract Für die O 2 ‐Entwicklung benutzte, mit porösem Ni beschichtete Anoden wurden elektrochemisch mit Ni(OH) 2 imprägniert.
Optimal placement of access points for indoor positioning using a genetic algorithm (2017)

Currently, building accurate indoor positioning systems is a crucial challenge facing scientific researchers. One of the most effective metrics that increases positioning accuracy is the placement of access points (APs) in the service area. In this paper, we propose a genetic algorithm based framework, GenoPlacement, to solve APs placement problem. GenoPlacement handles different types of building walls such as concrete, brick, and glass. Our objective is to find an APs setup with unique fingerprints at each signal test point (STP) while maximizing diversity among these fingerprints. To evaluate GenoPlacement, we compare the proposed objective function with the traditional one which maximizes the received signal strength at each STP. Then, we compare GenoPlacement with two nominated approaches. The results confirm that building indoor positioning system considering the optimal places of APs decreases the positioning error down to four meters at 90% precision.
A Study On The Effect Of Variation Of The Cross-Sectional Area Of Spiral Volute Casing For Centrifugal Pump (2012)

The impeller and the casing are the key components of a centrifugal pump. Although there have been many studies on the impeller and the volute casing of centrifugal pump, further study of the volute casing to improve the performance of centrifugal pumps is needed. In this paper, the effect of cross-sectional area on the performance of volute casing was investigated using a commercial CFD code. The performance characteristics, not only at the off-design point but also for a full type model are required these days. So we conducted numerical analysis for all operating points by using complete geometry through transient analysis. Transient analysis on the complete geometry of a real product has the advantage of simulating realistic flow. The results of this study show the variation of a performance curve by modifying the above-mentioned design parameter.
Organocatalytic Ring-Opening Copolymerization of Trimethylene Carbonate and Dithiolane Trimethylene Carbonate: Impact of Organocatalysts on Copolymerization Kinetics and Copolymer Microstructures (2018)

The ring opening copolymerization of trimethylene carbonate (TMC) and dithiolane trimethylene carbonate (DTC) using acidic and basic organocatalysts, i.e., diphenyl phosphate (DPP) and triazabicyclo[4.4.0]dec-5-ene (TBD), was systemically investigated. Interestingly, DPP and TBD gave rise to completely different polymerization kinetics and copolymer sequences. The copolymerization of TMC and DTC using methoxy poly(ethylene glycol) (mPEG-OH) as an initiator and DPP as a catalyst proceeded in a first-order manner and to near completion in 72 h for both monomers, yielding well-controlled copolymers with random sequences, predictable molar mass, and low dispersity ( M<sub>w</sub>/ M<sub>n</sub> = 1.09-1.19). By contrast, TBD brought about much faster copolymerization of TMC and DTC under similar conditions (high monomer conversion achieved in 2-4 h), to furnish copolymers with controlled molar mass and moderate dispersity ( M<sub>w</sub>/ M<sub>n</sub> = 1.27-1.80). Moreover, polymerization kinetics revealed that DTC was preferentially polymerized followed by first-order polymerization of TMC, leading to blocky copolymers. These results signify that type of organocatalysts has a critical influence on polymerization kinetics of cyclic carbonates, copolymer sequence, and molar mass control.
β‐cell development: the role of intercellular signals (2008)

Understanding in detail how pancreatic endocrine cells develop is important for many reasons. From a scientific point of view, elucidation of such a complex process is a major challenge. From a more applied point of view, this may help us to better understand and treat specific forms of diabetes. Although a variety of therapeutic approaches are well validated, no cure for diabetes is available. Many arguments indicate that the development of new strategies to cure diabetic patients will require precise understanding of the way beta-cells form during development. This is obvious for a future cell therapy using beta-cells produced from embryonic stem cells. This also holds true for therapeutic approaches based on regenerative medicine. In this review, we summarize our current knowledge concerning pancreatic development and focus on the role of extracellular signals implicated in beta-cell development from pancreatic progenitors.
Interval Mapping of Multiple Quantitative Trait Loci (1993)

The interval mapping method is widely used for the mapping of quantitative trait loci (QTLs) in segregating generations derived from crosses between inbred lines. The efficiency of detecting and the accuracy of mapping multiple QTLs by using genetic markers are much increased by employing multiple QTL models instead of the single QTL models (and no QTL models) used in interval mapping. However, the computational work involved with multiple QTL models is considerable when the number of QTLs is large. In this paper it is proposed to combine multiple linear regression methods with conventional interval mapping. This is achieved by fitting one QTL at a time in a given interval and simultaneously using (part of) the markers as cofactors to eliminate the effects of additional QTLs. It is shown that the proposed method combines the easy computation of the single QTL interval mapping method with much of the efficiency and accuracy of multiple QTL models.