gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Cardioprotective effect of sonic hedgehog ligand in pig models of ischemia reperfusion (2020)

Sonic hedgehog (SHH) signaling pathway is involved in embryonic tissue patterning and development. Our previous work identified, in small rodent model of ischemia reperfusion, SHH as a specific efficient tool to reduce infarct size and subsequent arrhythmias by preventing ventricular repolarization abnormalities. The goal of the present study was to provide a proof of concept of the cardioprotective effect of SHH ligand in a porcine model of acute ischemia. <b>Methods</b>: The antiarrhythmic effect of SHH, either by a recombinant peptide (N-SHH) or shed membrane microparticles harboring SHH ligand (MPs<sup>SHH+</sup>), was evaluated in a first set of pigs following a short (25 min) coronary artery occlusion (CAO) followed by 24 hours-reperfusion (CAR) (Protocol A). The infarct-limiting effect was evaluated on a second set of pigs with 40 min of coronary artery occlusion followed by 24 hours reperfusion (Protocol B). Electrocardiogram (ECG) was recorded and arrhythmia's scores were evaluated. Area at risk and myocardial infarct size were quantified. <b>Results</b>: In protocol A, administration of N-SHH 15 min. after the onset of coronary occlusion significantly reduced the occurrence of ventricular fibrillation compared to control group. Evaluation of arrhythmic score showed that N-SHH treatment significantly reduced the overall occurrence of arrhythmias. In protocol B, massive infarction was observed in control animals. Either N-SHH or MPs<sup>SHH+</sup> treatment reduced significantly the infarct size with a concomitant increase of salvaged area. The reduction in infarct size was both accompanied by a significant decrease in systemic biomarkers of myocardial injury, i.e., cardiac troponin I and fatty acid-binding protein and an increase of eNOS activation. <b>Conclusions</b>: We show for the first time in a large mammalian model that the activation of the SHH pathway by N-SHH or MPs<sup>SHH+</sup> offers a potent protection of the heart to ischemia-reperfusion by preventing the reperfusion arrhythmias, reducing the infarct area and the circulating levels of biomarkers for myocardial injury. These data open up potentially theranostic prospects for patients suffering from myocardial infarction to prevent the occurrence of arrhythmias and reduce myocardial tissue damage.
ChemInform Abstract: A Phosphine‐Mediated Conversion of Azides into Diazo Compounds. (2009)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Carbon Nanoparticles-Decorated Carbon Nanotubes (2020)

Multi walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) were decorated by activated carbon nanoparticles of resorcinol-formaldehyde aerogels. Carbon nanospheres and MWCNTs were mixed by equal mass ratios for different durations. The products were characterized by Raman spectroscopy, thermal gravimetric analysis, nanoscanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy and x-ray diffraction. The results indicated that a significant decoration with carbon nanoparticles occurred onto the MWCNTs.
193-nm negative resist based on acid-catalyzed elimination of polar molecules (2004)

Development of 193-nm negative resists that meet the stringent performance requirements of sub-100 nm resolution with conventional 0.26 N TMAH developer has proven to be a significant challenge. Most of the systems that are currently under development are based on cross-linking mechanisms. They commonly suffer from image distortion caused by micro-bridging. An alternative approach is to look at polarity switch mechanisms. We have investigated the acid-catalyzed elimination of polar molecules as one such mechanism which may provide a pathway to develop negative resists that do not suffer from micro-bridging.
Theory of the Stochastic Resonance Effect in Signal Detection—Part II: Variable Detectors (2008)

In Part I of this paper [ldquoTheory of the Stochastic Resonance Effect in Signal Detection: Part I-Fixed Detectors,rdquo IEEE Transactions on Signal Processing, vol. 55, no. 7, pt. 1, pp. 3172-3184], the mechanism of the stochastic resonance (SR) effect for a fixed detector has been examined. This paper analyzes the stochastic resonance (SR) effect under the condition that the detector structure or its parameters can also be changed. The detector optimization problem with SR noise under both Neyman-Pearson and Bayesian criteria is examined. In the Bayesian approach when the prior probabilities are unknown, the minimax approach is adopted. The form of the optimal noise pdf along with the corresponding detector as well as the maximum achievable performance are determined. The developed theory is then applied to a general class of weak signal detection problems. Under the assumptions that the sample size <i xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">N</i> is large enough and the test statistics satisfies the conditions of central limit theorem, the optimal SR noise is shown to be a constant vector and independent of the signal strength for both Neyman-Pearson and Bayesian criteria. Illustrative examples are presented where performance comparisons are made between the original detector and the optimal SR noise modified detector for different types of SR noise.
Novel crown ethers with pendant, proton‐ionizable, chromogenic groups (1989)

Abstract Synthesis of fifteen new chromogenic crown ethers is described in which one phenyl group of diphenylamine has been substituted at the 2‐, 4‐, and 6‐positions with strongly electron‐withdrawing groups and the other phenyl group bears an oxymethyl crown ether substituent. Structural variations include the crown ether ring size, identity of the electron‐withdrawing groups, acidity of the amine function, and positioning of the oxymethyl crown ether substituent ortho, meta , and para to the amine nitrogen. Preparation of a structurally‐related chromogenic bis(crown ether) is also reported.
INDUCTION AND CONDUCTION THERMOGRAPHY: OPTIMIZING THE ELECTROMAGNETIC EXCITATION TOWARDS APPLICATION (2009)

Active thermography, using electromagnetic excitation, allows detecting defects like cracks which distort the flow of current in the component under examination. Like other thermography techniques it is rapid and reliably utilizing infrared imaging. Electric current can be used in two ways for thermography: In induction thermography a current is coupled to the component by passing an AC current through a coil which is in close proximity to the component inspected, while in conduction thermography the current is coupled directly into the component. In this paper, the specific advantages of both coupling methods are discussed, including the efficiency of the coupling and optimization strategies for testing and also the necessary algorithms required to analyze the data. Taking these considerations into account a number of different systems for laboratory and practical application were developed.
Fast generation of statistically-based worst-case modeling of on-chip interconnect (1997)

In this paper, we describe a novel methodology for obtaining statistically-based worst case (i.e. 3-/spl sigma/) R (resistance), C (capacitance), and delay given variations in interconnect-related process parameters. Our approach is based on a weighted root-sum square method to derive 3-/spl sigma/ C. A Monte Carlo-based method is used for the generation of 3-/spl sigma/ R as well as randomized distributed RC nets to obtain realistic 3-/spl sigma/ delays for long interconnect nets such as global critical paths. Using this methodology for a long critical net analysis on a 0.35 /spl mu/m process, a more than 70% improvement in 3-/spl sigma/ delay estimation compared with the traditional skew-corner worst case delay can be realized.
Developmental studies for remote and in-situ detection of halogenated compounds by laser-induced photofragmentation/fragment detection spectrometry (2002)

The analytical capabilities of a one-color, laser-induced photofragmentation/fragment detection technique for the remote and in situ detection of halogenated compounds is reported. For brominated compounds, 260.634-nm laser radiation is used to fragment the target compound and also excite the characteristic Br atom photofragment by means of its two-photon 4p/sup 4/5p /sup 4/D/sub 3/2//sup 0//spl larr/4p/sup 5/ /sup 2/P/sub 3/2//sup 0/ transition, whose absorption cross section is estimated to be 3.8/spl times/10/sup -43/ m/sup 4/. Detection is accomplished by (2+1) resonance-enhanced multiphoton ionization, as well as, laser-induced fluorescence and stimulated emission from the 4p/sup 4/5p /sup 4/D/sub 3/2//sup 0//spl rarr/4p/sup 4/5s/sup 4/ P/sub 5/2.3/2/ transitions at 844 and 751 nm, respectively. The SE signal is distinct from the LIF signal in that it is coherent, bidirectional, and propagates coaxially with the laser beam. It is also approximately two orders of magnitude greater than the LIF signal at 844 nm because of photophysical amplification. The technique has been demonstrated for CH/sub 3/Br, CHClBr/sub 2/, and CHBr/sub 3/ at total gas pressures of 1-760 Torr with detection limits in the parts-per-billion.
A process for recovering germanium from effluents of optical fiber manufacturing (1985)

Germania is the primary dopant used to control the refractive index profile in optical waveguides. However, its poor efficiency of incorporation and its high cost create a need for recovery. This paper describes a system to recover the unused germanium from the manufacturing effluents. Briefly, the process includes 1) a gas scrubber to incorporate the unreacted germanium into solution, 2) a recirculation system to increase the germanium concentration, 3) a reaction to form a germanium precipitate, and 4) a filtration step to isolate the germanium-containing solids. The process is capable of recovering greater than 95 percent of the unreacted germanium.
Paradoxical behavior in a triple cascade of Mach–Zehnder interferometers (2012)

A gedanken experiment is considered using a cascade of three Mach–Zehnder interferometers (MZIs). The first MZI in the cascade is used to judiciously prepare the pre-selected state of a single photon launched into one of its input ports and the third MZI in the cascade is used to judiciously prepare the post-selected state of the photon emerging from one of its output ports. Paradoxical behavior arises when a weak measurement of photon occupation number is independently performed along each of the two paths emerging from the first MZI's output ports, i.e., the pointer associated with the weak measurement along one path registers a large positive occupation number and that for the weak measurement along the other path registers a large negative occupation number. Although each of these measurements contradicts the fact that there is only one photon in the interferometer, quantum mechanics resolves this paradox in an interesting way by ensuring that the sum of these occupation numbers is always 1.
A Strategy for Detection of All Beer-Spoilage Bacteria (2002)

From studies of various aspects of beer-spoilage bacteria, we concluded that “unknown beer-spoilers” would be very harmful to the establishment of better quality assurance in breweries. Thus, the following studies were carried out. First, we explored unknown beer-spoilers. Four new beer-spoilage bacteria (BS-1, ID20–1, 8019, and EM-63) were isolated from the environment of breweries. The information about their growth characteristic suggested that the new beer-spoilers could not be detected sufficiently by the conventional colony count method. Second, we developed a rapid and practical method for prediction of beer-spoilage ability. Three monoclonal antibodies (MAbs), BLb (for beer-spoilage strains in Lactobacillus brevis), BG (for those in L. lindneri), and PQ (for those in Pediococcus damnosus) were developed for prediction of the beer-spoilage ability of lactic acid bacteria. Furthermore, these antibodies also reacted to three of the new beer-spoilage lactobacilli (BS-1, ID20–1, and 8019), as was to be expected. Third, we developed a high-performance device for detection of all beer-spoilers. The MicroStar-RMDS-SPS, developed in collaboration with Nippon Millipore, detected not only well-known beer-spoilers (L. brevis, P. damnosus, and Pectinatus frisingensis), but also the new beer-spoilers (ID20–1, 8019, and EM-63) within two days. Thus, we expect that these MAbs and the MicroStar-RMDS-SPS could prove useful in detection of beer-spoilage bacteria, including unknown beer-spoilers that may be found in the future. Now, they are used in practically all of our breweries.
FTN-based MIMO transmission for efficient coexistence of broadband and sporadic traffics (2018)

This paper presents a method to interlace a sporadic traffic into a broadband traffic so that radio resources can be efficiently shared by both, beyond the Nyquist rate. The concept of faster-than Nyquist (FTN) transmission is employed to free some subcarriers from a multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) system with orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing (OFDM). Furthermore, we showed that offloading subcarriers with the ill-conditioned channel matrices reduces the performance penalty of FTN transmission, allowing 15.6% increase in channel efficiency with a 1dB more bit energy per noise ratio than Nyquist transmission.
Synthesis of (3S)- and (3R)-3-Hydroxy-β-ionone and Their Transformation into (3S)- and (3R)-β-Cryptoxanthin (2010)

(3R)-3-Hydroxy-β-ionone and (3S)-3-hydroxy-β-ionone were synthesized in high enantiomeric purity from commercially available (±)-α-ionone. These ionones were then transformed into (3R)-β-cryptoxanthin and (3S)-β-cryptoxanthin by a C15+C10+C15 Wittig coupling strategy according to known methods. This methodology can considerably simplify the total synthesis of optically active carotenoids with 3-hydroxy-β-end groups that possess significant biological activities.
Fluorescence correlation spectroscopy in a reverse Kretchmann surface plasmon assisted microscope (2008)

Fluorescence Correlation Spectroscopy (FCS) demands a high rate of photon detection per molecule, low background, and large fluctuations of fluorescence associated with translational motion. The new approach presented here, Surface Plasmon Assisted Microscope (SPAM), meets these requirements by drastically limiting the observation volume. In this method, the observational layer is made so thin that fluctuations are mostly due to the axial motion of molecules. This is conveniently realized by placing a sample on a thin metal film and illuminating it with a laser beam through an aqueous medium. The excited fluorophores close to the surface couple (via near-field interactions) to surface plasmons in the metal. Propagated surface plasmons decouple on opposite side of the metal film as a far-field radiation and emit in directional manner. Fluorescence is collected with a high Numerical Aperture objective. A confocal aperture inserted in its conjugate image plane reduces lateral dimensions of the detection volume to a diffraction limit. The thickness of the detection layer is reduced further by metal quenching of excited fluorophores at a close proximity (about 30 nm) to the surface. We used a suspension of fluorescent microspheres to show that FCS-SPAM is an efficient method to measure molecular diffusion.
RFQ Lens for LEBT Applications (1990)

Abstract : The U.S. Army Strategic Defense Command (USASDC) solicited proposals for new and innovative particle beam technologies which are relevant to the Neutral Particle Beam (NPB) Program. Since high brightness beams are required for NPB and beam emittance, in large part, is determined by the ion source and low energy matching section, innovations to improve the quality or efficiency of the low energy beam transport (LEBT) are important. Some preliminary studies on radio frequency quadrupole (RFQ) lenses indicated that such lenses could be developed with improved capabilities for preparing ion beams for injection into RFQ linacs. These improved capabilities derive from the fact that the focusing effect is inversely proportional to the square of the frequency so stronger focusing can be achieved if the frequency in the RFQ lens is less than that of the RFQ linac. The goal of this project is to design, build, and test an RFQ lens that demonstrates the possibility of decoupling the phase and frequency of the RFQ lens from that of the RFQ linac into which it is focusing ions. The design of the lens was based on two-dimensional beam dynamics and RF cavity geometry analyses performed with the TRACE and SUPERFISH codes, respectively. The lens was then fabricated by a combination of SAIC and subcontracted machine shops. After fabrication, the lens was assembled for verification of resonant frequency, mode separation, tuning, and power conditioning, prior to beam tests.
Laser-assisted Hair Removal by Selective Photothermolysis Preliminary Results (1997)

Selective melanin-based photothermolysis with a free running pulsed ruby laser seems to be a promising, noninvasive technique for long-term hair removal. More than one treatment is necessary since only anagen hair will be affected.
Identifying bovine respiratory syncytial virus by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction and oligonucleotide hybridizations (1993)

An assay to identify tissue culture cells infected with bovine respiratory syncytial virus (BRSV) that utilizes reverse transcription (RT), the polymerase chain reaction (PCR), and a synthetic oligonucleotide hybridization probe has been developed. The RT-PCR assay uses a BRSV-specific negative-sense oligonucleotide primer to synthesize cDNA from a BRSV fusion protein mRNA template and another BRSV-specific oligonucleotide primer (positive sense) upstream from the negative-sense primer for PCR amplification. In the presence of mRNA templates of BRSV isolates originating from locations throughout the United States, the BRSV RT-PCR assay resulted in amplified products (381 bp) that were specific to BRSV, as demonstrated in hybridizations with a positive-sense oligonucleotide probe complementary to internal sequences and in sequence comparisons with the F protein of BRSV 391-2. In analysis of the BRSV RT-PCR assay with prototype strains of human RSV subgroups A and B, amplification of a similar 381-bp RT-PCR product was not evident, and no RT-PCR product hybridized with the internal probe. We conclude that the specific ability to amplify DNA sequences of BRSV F protein mRNA by RT-PCR and then to demonstrate the presence of the amplified product with a BRSV-specific oligonucleotide probe will greatly add to the speed, sensitivity, and specificity of BRSV diagnostics.
Purification of plasmid DNA vectors by aqueous two-phase extraction and hydrophobic interaction chromatography (2005)

The current study explores the possibility of using a polyethyleneglycol(PEG)-ammonium sulphate aqueous two-phase system (ATPS) as an early step in a process for the purification of a model 6.1 kbp plasmid DNA (pDNA) vector. Neutralised alkaline lysates were fed directly to ATPS. Conditions were selected to direct pDNA towards the salt-rich bottom phase, so that this stream could be subsequently processed by hydrophobic interaction chromatography (HIC). Screening of the best conditions for ATPS extraction was performed using three PEG molecular weights (300, 400 and 600) and varying the tie-line length, phase volume ratio and lysate load. For a 20% (w/w) lysate load, the best results were obtained with PEG 600 using the shortest tie-line (38.16%, w/w). By further manipulating the system composition along this tie-line in order to obtain a top/bottom phase volume ratio of 9.3 (35%, w/w PEG 600, 6%, w/w NH4)2 SO4), it was possible to recover 100% of pDNA in the bottom phase with a three-fold increase in concentration. Further increase in the lysate load up to 40% (w/w) with this system resulted in a eight-fold increase in pDNA concentration, but with a yield loss of 15%. The ATPS extraction was integrated with HIC and the overall process compared with a previously defined process that uses sequential precipitations with iso-propanol and ammonium sulphate prior to HIC. Although the final yield is lower in the ATPS-based process the purity grade of the final pDNA product is higher. This shows that it is possible to substitute the time-consuming two-step precipitation procedure by a simple ATPS extraction.
Measurements Related to the Flow of Granular Material in a Torsional Rheometer (2001)

Abstract Some properties of a granular material (frac sand) is measured using an orthogonal rheometer in the torsional mode. The description and the operation of the torsional rheometer and the procedure of measurement are presented. A simple test provides some insight into the slip between the granular material and the disk. The raw data, namely torque and normal force, are documented for different compaction ratios, rotation rates, and sizes of the particles. Results show remarkably small variations and show that the measured normal force and torque decrease with increasing rotation rate. Results also show the residual forces after the disk stops. It is hard to find such data for granular materials in the literature, and it could be used to determine the material moduli for specific models. Keywords: Frac Sand Granular Materials Rheometer Torsional Flow Torsional Rheometer
Inter-Area Point-to-Multipoint (P2MP) Segmented Label Switched Paths (LSPs) (2015)

This document describes procedures for building inter-area point-tomultipoint (P2MP) segmented service label switched paths (LSPs) by partitioning such LSPs into intra-area segments and using BGP as the inter-area routing and Label Distribution Protocol (LDP). Within each IGP area, the intra-area segments are either carried over intraarea P2MP LSPs, using P2MP LSP hierarchy, or instantiated using ingress replication. The intra-area P2MP LSPs may be signaled using P2MP RSVP-TE or P2MP multipoint LDP (mLDP). If ingress replication is used within an IGP area, then (multipoint-to-point) LDP LSPs or (point-to-point) RSVP-TE LSPs may be used in the IGP area. The applications/services that use such inter-area service LSPs may be BGP Multicast VPN, Virtual Private LAN Service (VPLS) multicast, or global table multicast over MPLS.
Three-dimensional composite metallodielectric nanostructure for enhanced surface plasmon resonance sensing (2009)

The authors simulated, fabricated, and characterized a mushroomlike composite metallodielectric nanostructure that shows improved characteristics for surface plasmon resonance sensing applications with an enhancement in the normal electric field compared to the conventional nanohole structure. A fabrication method is introduced to give controllable linewidth by an oblique metal deposition process. A sensor built with the composite nanostructure was then used to determine the hydrophilicity of its surface by monitoring the resonant wavelength shift and computing the corresponding adsorption thickness.