gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Synthesis and Cytotoxic and Antiviral Activity Profiling of All‐Four Isomeric Series of Pyrido‐Fused 7‐Deazapurine Ribonucleosides (2020)

All four isomeric series of novel 4-substituted pyrido-fused 7-deazapurine ribonucleosides possessing the pyridine nitrogen atom at different positions were designed and synthesized. The total synthesis of each isomeric fused heterocycle through multistep heterocyclization was followed by glycosylation and derivatization at position 4 by cross-coupling reactions or nucleophilic substitutions. All compounds were tested for cytostatic and antiviral activity. The most active were pyrido[4',3':4,5]pyrimidine nucleosides bearing MeO, NH<sub>2</sub> , MeS, or CH<sub>3</sub> groups at position 4, which showed submicromolar cytotoxic effects and good selectivity for cancer cells. The mechanism involved activation by phosphorylation and incorporation to DNA where the presence of the modified ribonucleosides causes double-strand breaks and apoptosis.
Variable focus video: Reconstructing depth and video for dynamic scenes (2012)

Traditional depth from defocus (DFD) algorithms assume that the camera and the scene are static during acquisition time. In this paper, we examine the effects of camera and scene motion on DFD algorithms. We show that, given accurate estimates of optical flow (OF), one can robustly warp the focal stack (FS) images to obtain a virtual static FS and apply traditional DFD algorithms on the static FS. Acquiring accurate OF in the presence of varying focal blur is a challenging task. We show how defocus blur variations cause inherent biases in the estimates of optical flow. We then show how to robustly handle these biases and compute accurate OF estimates in the presence of varying focal blur. This leads to an architecture and an algorithm that converts a traditional 30 fps video camera into a co-located 30 fps image and a range sensor. Further, the ability to extract image and range information allows us to render images with artistic depth-of field effects, both extending and reducing the depth of field of the captured images. We demonstrate experimental results on challenging scenes captured using a camera prototype.
Running-code optical CDMA at 2 × 10 Gbit/s and 40 Gbit/s (2010)

A continuously running-code optical CDMA system useful for secure communications is reported. The system utilises acousto-optic modulator-based pulse shapers as spectral phase en-/decoding devices, which are capable of microsecond-scale code sequence refresh rates. The codes are generated on-the-fly by a stream cipher. Transmit/receive code synchronisation is independent of the data stream, allowing for a flexible data rate. Two multiplexed 10 Gbit/s channels and a single 40 Gbit/s channel are demonstrated.
Instantaneous phase shifting deflectometry (2016)

An instantaneous phase shifting deflectometry measurement method is presented and implemented by measuring a time varying deformable mirror with an iPhone <sup>®</sup> 6. The instantaneous method is based on multiplexing phase shifted fringe patterns with color, and decomposing them in x and y using Fourier techniques. Along with experimental data showing the capabilities of the instantaneous deflectometry system, a quantitative comparison with the Fourier transform profilometry method, which is a distinct phase measuring method from the phase shifting approach, is presented. Sources of error, nonlinear color-multiplexing induced error correction, and hardware limitations are discussed.
Tunable Kernels for Tracking (2006)

We present a tunable representation for tracking that simultaneously encodes appearance and geometry in a manner that enables the use of mean-shift iterations for tracking. The classic formulation of the tracking problem using mean-shift iterations encodes spatial information very loosely (i.e. using radially symmetric kernels). A problem with such a formulation is that it becomes easy for the tracker to get confused with other objects having the same feature distribution but different spatial configurations of features. Subsequent approaches have addressed this issue but not to the degree of generality required for tracking specific classes of objects and motions (e.g. humans walking). In this paper, we formulate the tracking problem in a manner that encodes the spatial configuration of features along with their density and yet retains robustness to spatial deformations and feature density variations. The encoding of spatial configuration is done using a set of kernels whose parameters can be optimized for a given class of objects and motions, off-line. The formulation enables the use of meanshift iterations and runs in real-time. We demonstrate better tracking results on synthetic and real image sequences as compared to the original mean-shift tracker.
Further cost reduction of adaptive echo and next cancellers for high-speed Ethernet transceivers (2008)

Efficient implementation of adaptive echo and near end crosstalk (NEXT) cancellers in high-speed Ethernet transceivers continues to be a challenging problem. In our previous work, we proposed a new method based on word-length reduction technique to reduce hardware cost of the filter part in adaptive echo and NEXT cancellers. However, the high hardware cost of the weight update part in these adaptive cancellers was not reduced by the above method. This paper presents a new complexity reduction scheme for the weight update part in adaptive echo and NEXT cancellers. By reducing hardware cost of the weight update part, the overall hardware cost of these cancellers can be further reduced. It is shown that, by applying the proposed scheme to the 10 Gigabit Ethernet over copper (10 GBASE-T) system, the hardware cost of adaptive echo and NEXT cancellers can be reduced by about 42.02% only with 1.5 dB performance loss, compared with the traditional design.
Enhanced patterning by tilted ion implantation (2016)

Tilted ion implantation (TII) is proposed as a lower-cost alternative to self-aligned double patterning (SADP) for pitch halving. This new approach is based on an enhancement in etch rate of a hard-mask layer by implant-induced damage. Ar<sup>+</sup> implantation into a thin layer of silicon dioxide (SiO<sub>2</sub>) is shown to enhance its etch rate in dilute hydrofluoric acid (HF) solution, by up to 9× for an implant dose of 3×10<sup>14</sup> cm<sup>-2</sup>. The formation of sub-lithographic features defined by masked tilted Ar<sup>+</sup> implantation into a SiO<sub>2</sub> hard-mask layer is experimentally demonstrated. Features with sizes as small as ~21 nm, self-aligned to the lithographically patterned mask, are achieved. As compared with SADP, enhanced patterning by TII requires far fewer and lower-cost process steps and hence is expected to be much more cost-effective.
Lateral insulated gate transistors with improved latching characteristics (1986)

Lateral insulated gate transistors (LIGT's) were fabricated to study their applicability for power integrated circuits. Three independent techniques for improving LIGT latching current are described in this paper. Devices that latch at 510 A/cm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> have been fabricated; devices that current-limit at 475 A/cm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> without latching have also been demonstrated.
Measuring Microinvisible Loss MILT Time in Drilling Operations (2020)

Abstract Within both productive and nonproductive time (NPT), a drilling operation can include invisible lost time (ILT), which is the time lost because a portion of the drilling operations is not performed at maximum efficiency. Within this ILT, another dimension of lost time can exist because of the inherent nature of the process, use of unoptimized equipment, or because the process might not have been performed at the optimum efficiency. Both NPT and ILT concepts have been discussed in the literature. Some concepts are based on the maximum theoretical performance (MTP), and others are based on threshold time calculation. Regardless of the estimation method used, NPT and ILT are generally quantified in the literature as products of downhole conditions. Another dimension of NPT: microinvisible lost time (MILT) is introduced in this work. MILT is identified as being affected by two major factors: surface equipment design and efficiency and process optimization. MILT also includes ergonomic human inefficiencies attributable to these factors. A case study is presented to identify the MILT using an online statistical analysis method. It can be integrated with future management and well design plans to improve the efficiency of drilling operations. The objective is to help identify the commonly ignored hidden factors that contribute to NPT; consequently, it can help promote faster, more efficient, and more cost-effective drilling.
Preventing Memory Error Exploits with WIT (2008)

Attacks often exploit memory errors to gain control over the execution of vulnerable programs. These attacks remain a serious problem despite previous research on techniques to prevent them. We present write integrity testing (WIT), a new technique that provides practical protection from these attacks. WIT uses points-to analysis at compile time to compute the control-flow graph and the set of objects that can be written by each instruction in the program. Then it generates code instrumented to prevent instructions from modifying objects that are not in the set computed by the static analysis, and to ensure that indirect control transfers are allowed by the control-flow graph. To improve coverage where the analysis is not precise enough, WIT inserts small guards between the original program objects. We describe an efficient implementation with optimizations to reduce space and time overhead. This implementation can be used in practice because it compiles C and C++ programs without modifications, it has high coverage with no false positives, and it has low overhead. WIT's average runtime overhead is only 7% across a set of CPU intensive benchmarks and it is negligible when IO is the bottleneck.
Discovery and Optimization of Benzotriazine Di-<i>N</i>-Oxides Targeting Replicating and Nonreplicating Mycobacterium tuberculosis (2012)

Compounds bactericidal against both replicating and nonreplicating Mtb may shorten the length of TB treatment regimens by eliminating infections more rapidly. Screening of a panel of antimicrobial and anticancer drug classes that are bioreduced into cytotoxic species revealed that 1,2,4-benzotriazine di-N-oxides (BTOs) are potently bactericidal against replicating and nonreplicating Mtb. Medicinal chemistry optimization, guided by semiempirical molecular orbital calculations, identified a new lead compound (20q) from this series with an MIC of 0.31 μg/mL against H37Rv and a cytotoxicity (CC(50)) against Vero cells of 25 μg/mL. 20q also had equivalent potency against a panel of single-drug resistant strains of Mtb and remarkably selective activity for Mtb over a panel of other pathogenic bacterial strains. 20q was also negative in a L5178Y MOLY assay, indicating low potential for genetic toxicity. These data along with measurements of the physiochemical properties and pharmacokinetic profile demonstrate that BTOs have the potential to be developed into a new class of antitubercular drugs.
Differential Mobility Spectrometry and Its Application to High‐Throughput Analysis (2023)

Differential mobility spectrometry (DMS) separates ions based upon differences in ion mobility in alternating high and low electric fields, thereby exploiting the unique field-dependent ion mobility behavior for a given compound. The separations are orthogonal to mass, particularly when chemical modifiers or clustering agents are added to the transport gas flow. The separation time is on the order of milliseconds and therefore DMS is ideally suited for use with ultra-high throughput analysis systems such as acoustic ejection mass spectrometry (AEMS). While the peak capacity is limited relative to liquid chromatography, sufficient separations can be achieved to enable many workflows. This chapter will discuss the benefits of combining DMS with AEMS, while also highlighting some of the challenges of high throughput analysis in the absence of liquid chromatography.
Low-Temperature Process for Advanced Si Thin Film Transistor Technology (2006)

Low-temperature Si thin film transistor (TFT) and its possibility as a new device process are described. Currently, an extensive study is performed in order to realize an advanced system on glass (SoG) by incorporating additional functional devices or circuits. By reducing further the process temperature down to 200 °C or below and by improving the fabrication process as an ultra-low temperature polycrystalline Si (U-LTPS), not only liquid crystal display (LCD) but also organic light emitting diode (O-LED) flat panel display (FPD) driven by using polycrystalline Si (poly-Si) TFTs is expected to be mounted on a flexible plastic substrate. Although technical issues to be solved remain for the fabrication of channels, gate insulator etc., it is possible for the Si TFT to be developed into a smart system on plastic for unique applications as well as a functional Si system-on-insulator in a ubiquitous information technology (IT) era.
A 112W GaN dual input Doherty-Outphasing Power Amplifier (2016)

This paper presents a novel dual-input Doherty-Outphasing Power Amplifier (DOPA) architecture that combines the efficiency advantages of Doherty and Outphasing amplifiers in power back-off (PBO). The proposed architecture, utilizes Doherty operation from peak power to −6dB PBO and mixed-mode outphasing from −6 to −14 dB PBO. A 2.14 GHz 112W GaN DOPA has been designed to demonstrate the concept, it provides 66% peak efficiency and more than 50% efficiency over a 12 dB PBO range.
A comparison based digital waveform generator for high resolution duty cycle (2018)

A comparison-based digital waveform generator has been developed that directly enables purely duty cycle controlled digital mass filters. This waveform generator operates by the comparison of a periodic waveform and a DC level to produce a digital waveform. The improved duty cycle realized by this method of waveform generation is demonstrated by producing a mass spectrum of electrosprayed lysozyme by varying the duty cycle of a digital waveform applied to a quadrupole rod set. Operation and control of the waveform generator using an inexpensive open-source microcontroller is discussed.
A methodology for feature interaction detection in the AIN 0.1 framework (1998)

We propose an integrated methodology for specifying AIN (advanced intelligent networks) and switch based features and analyzing their interactions in the AIN 0.1 framework. The specification of each individual feature is tied to the AIN call model and requires only a minimum amount of information in terms of control and data for interaction analysis. Once a feature is specified, its specification is then validated for consistency with respect to control and data. Interaction analysis is conducted for a set of features based on the sharing of call variables between the SSP and the SCP. With this approach, one can detect the following interactions involving AIN features: (1) side effects, where a call variable modified by one feature is used by another feature and (2) disabling, where one feature disconnects a call, preventing another feature from execution. We also develop a theory that is based on the computation of sequences of messages exchanged between the SSP and the SCP and their call variable usage. This theory is shown to dramatically reduce the number of cases considered during the analysis. A brief overview of a tool that makes use of this methodology to aid in the task of feature interaction detection is also given.
Circulating tumor cells as a possible marker for micrometastatic disease in patients with localized pancreatic cancer. (2013)

175 Background: Circulating tumor cells (CTCs) are cells shed into circulation from tumors. They are increasingly recognized to be important biomarkers of disease burden in patients with solid tumors. Studies in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) have been limited due in part to low sensitivity of existing assays with extremely low numbers detected (0-15 per 7.5-15ml of blood). The development of newer microfluidic platforms has resulted in the ability to detect substantially greater numbers of CTCs. Methods: 15 patients with PDAC were enrolled in an IRB-approved study. Blood was collected in EDTA tubes and processed within 3 hours. CTCs were selected from 2-3ml of whole blood using monoclonal antibodies against epithelial cell adhesion molecule (EpCAM) and enumerated using a novel microfluidic platform. CTCs were confirmed by DAPI, CK8/18/19 and CD45 staining. Results: Patients with metastatic disease (n=12) had a mean of 29.7, median of 22 (3.5-107) CTCs per 1ml of blood. Patients with localized disease (n=3) had a mean of 3.8, median of 2.9 (2.3-6.2) CTCs per 1ml of blood. 0.5-1 CTCs per 1ml were detected in normal controls (n=2). The number of CTCs was significantly different between localized, metastatic and normal patients (p=0.01). 1 patient, initially thought to have localized disease by standard imaging but found to be metastatic at time of operation, had a mean of 45.9 CTCs per 1ml of blood compared to a mean of 3.8 CTCs per 1ml in patients who underwent a curative resection (p=0.009). Conclusions: Studies of CTCs in PDAC have been very limited. Our ability to detect large numbers of CTCs with good dynamic range suggests that further investigation into CTCs as a prognostic marker in PDAC is warranted. This is the first study that we are aware of to find CTCs in patients with localized disease. The presence of CTCs in patients with localized PDAC is surprising and may be associated with findings of unexpected metastatic disease at surgery. Further follow-up will be needed to determine if the presence of CTCs in these patients is a harbinger of shorter progression-free survival and overall survival after curative operations.
Evaluation of a Ferromagnetic Marker Technology for Intraoperative Localization of Nonpalpable Breast Lesions (2019)

The MOLLI system offers an accurate and efficient alternative lesion localization method for nonpalpable breast lesions.
Detection of Neospora sp. from Infected Bovine Tissues by PCR and Probe Hybridization (1997)

Neospora sp. can cause fetal abortion or neurological disease in congenitally infected calves. Latent tissue stages in infected cows may contribute to vertical transmission of Neospora sp. from dam to offspring in multiple pregnancies. In this investigation, the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and Neospora-specific assay were employed to detect Neospora sp. by amplification of nuclear small-subunit rRNA gene sequences in infected cattle tissues. Tissues from 11 cattle, including 6 experimentally and 2 naturally infected cows, 1 naturally infected newborn calf, and 2 uninfected control cows, were evaluated in this study. Neospora-specific PCR products were amplified from DNAs of different bovine tissues, including brain, spinal cord, heart, lung, kidney, diaphragm, skeletal muscle, and placenta, as well as amniotic fluid samples of infected cattle. The PCR-based amplification and probe hybridization system proved useful in assessing the location of tissue-stage parasites in naturally and experimentally infected cattle, even when Neospora sp. antibody titers fall below normal cut-off values by an indirect immunofluorescent antibody test.
Sub 100 fs pulse generation via a Si3N4 micro-resonator based frequency comb (2013)

Ultrashort optical pulses have been generated on chip from a frequency comb generated within a Si3N4 micro-resonator. The pulses are measured using frequency resolved optical gating and found to have a FWHM of 74 fs.
Segment Routing Egress Peer Engineering BGP-LS Extensions (2015)

Segment Routing (SR) leverages source routing. A node steers a packet
through a controlled set of instructions, called segments, by
prepending the packet with an SR header. A segment can represent any
instruction, topological or service-based. SR allows to enforce a flow
through any topological path and service chain while maintaining per-
flow state only at the ingress node of the SR domain. The Segment
Routing architecture can be directly applied to the MPLS dataplane
with no change on the forwarding plane. It requires minor extension to
the existing link-state routing protocols. This document outline a
BGP-LS extension for exporting BGP egress point topology information
(including its peers, interfaces and peering ASs) in a way that is
exploitable in order to compute efficient Egress Point Engineering
policies and strategies.
A Pore-Filling Electrolyte Membrane-Electrode Integrated System for a Direct Methanol Fuel Cell Application (2002)

To develop a high performance direct methanol fuel cell, a novel electrolyte membrane is needed. This electrolyte membrane should be durable up to 130°C to improve the catalytic reaction, and the methanol crossover should be reduced. Our approach was to design a pore-filling-type polyelectrolyte membrane, where the polyelectrolyte is filled into the pores of a porous substrate. This makes an integrated system with a membrane and a catalyst layer. The porous substrate was completely inert to aqueous methanol solution and was durable at high temperature. The substrate matrix could suppress membrane swelling to reduce methanol crossover, and showed mechanical strength at high temperatures. A radical polymerization technique was employed to fabricate the pore-filling membrane. A porous silica sol-gel thin base membrane on a carbon electrode was used as a membrane-electrode integrated system. The substrate pores were filled with a poly(acrylic acid-co-vinyl sulfonic acid) network. The membranes showed high proton conductivity, thermal stability, and low methanol permeation. © 2002 The Electrochemical Society. All rights reserved.
Denoising of human speech using combined acoustic and EM sensor signal processing (2002)

Low power EM radar-like sensors have made it possible to measure properties of the human speech production system in real-time, without acoustic interference. This greatly enhances the quality and quantify of information for many speech related applications (see Holzrichter, Burnett, Ng, and Lea, J. Acoustic. Soc. Am. 103 (1) 622 (1998)). By using combined glottal-EM-sensor-and acoustic-signals, segments of voiced, unvoiced, and no-speech can be reliably defined. Real-time de-noising filters can be constructed to remove noise from the user's corresponding speech signal.