gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Closed-Loop Insulin Delivery Systems: Past, Present, and Future Directions (2022)

Closed-loop (artificial pancreas) systems for automated insulin delivery have been likened to the holy grail of diabetes management. The first iterations of glucose-responsive insulin delivery were pioneered in the 1960s and 1970s, with the development of systems that used venous glucose measurements to dictate intravenous infusions of insulin and dextrose in order to maintain normoglycemia. Only recently have these bulky, bedside technologies progressed to miniaturized, wearable devices. These modern closed-loop systems use interstitial glucose sensing, subcutaneous insulin pumps, and increasingly sophisticated algorithms. As the number of commercially available hybrid closed-loop systems has grown, so too has the evidence supporting their efficacy. Future challenges in closed-loop technology include the development of fully closed-loop systems that do not require user input for meal announcements or carbohydrate counting. Another evolving avenue in research is the addition of glucagon to mitigate the risk of hypoglycemia and allow more aggressive insulin dosing.
Vapor-phase growth and characterization of Mo<sub>1−x</sub>W<sub>x</sub>S<sub>2</sub>(0 ≤ x ≤ 1) atomic layers on 2-inch sapphire substrates (2013)

Atomically thin Mo(1-x)W(x)S2 (0 ≤ x ≤ 1) ternary compounds have been grown on 2-inch c-plane sapphire substrates with high uniformity by sulfurizing thin Mo(1-x)W(x) layers that were deposited at room temperature using a co-sputtering technique. Atomic force microscopy (AFM), Raman scattering, and optical absorbance spectroscopy (OAS) studies reveal that the Mo(1-x)W(x)S2 films consist of crystallites of two-to-four monolayers in thickness. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) shows that the core levels of Mo3d and W4f shift to lower binding energies while that of S2p shifts to higher ones with the increase in W compositions, which can be related to the larger electron affinity of W (0.8163 eV) than that of Mo (0.7473 eV). OAS has also shown that the direct bandgap of Mo(1-x)W(x)S2 is tuned from 1.85 to 1.99 eV by increasing x from 0 to 1. Both E(1/2)(g) and A(1g) phonon modes of the Mo(1-x)W(x)S2 films exhibit a two-mode behavior. The bandgap tuning and the two-mode phonon behaviors are typically the same as those recently observed in monolayer Mo(1-x)W(x)S2 obtained by mechanical exfoliation, thus shedding light on the bottom-up growth of large-scale two-dimensional Mo(1-x)W(x)S2 ternary alloys.
The Maize <i>rough sheath2</i> Gene and Leaf Development Programs in Monocot and Dicot Plants (1999)

Leaves of higher plants develop in a sequential manner from the shoot apical meristem. Previously it was determined that perturbed leaf development in maize rough sheath2 (rs2) mutant plants results from ectopic expression of knotted1-like (knox) homeobox genes. Here, the rs2 gene sequence was found to be similar to the Antirrhinum PHANTASTICA (PHAN) gene sequence, which encodes a Myb-like transcription factor. RS2 and PHAN are both required to prevent the accumulation of knox gene products in maize and Antirrhinum leaves, respectively. However, rs2 and phan mutant phenotypes differ, highlighting fundamental differences in monocot and dicot leaf development programs.
Bacterial diversity, community structure and potential growth rates along an estuarine salinity gradient (2012)

Very little is known about growth rates of individual bacterial taxa and how they respond to environmental flux. Here, we characterized bacterial community diversity, structure and the relative abundance of 16S rRNA and 16S rRNA genes (rDNA) using pyrosequencing along the salinity gradient in the Delaware Bay. Indices of diversity, evenness, structure and growth rates of the surface bacterial community significantly varied along the transect, reflecting active mixing between the freshwater and marine ends of the estuary. There was no positive correlation between relative abundances of 16S rRNA and rDNA for the entire bacterial community, suggesting that abundance of bacteria does not necessarily reflect potential growth rate or activity. However, for almost half of the individual taxa, 16S rRNA positively correlated with rDNA, suggesting that activity did follow abundance in these cases. The positive relationship between 16S rRNA and rDNA was less in the whole water community than for free-living taxa, indicating that the two communities differed in activity. The 16S rRNA:rDNA ratios of some typically marine taxa reflected differences in light, nutrient concentrations and other environmental factors along the estuarine gradient. The ratios of individual freshwater taxa declined as salinity increased, whereas the 16S rRNA:rDNA ratios of only some typical marine bacteria increased as salinity increased. These data suggest that physical and other bottom-up factors differentially affect growth rates, but not necessarily abundance of individual taxa in this highly variable environment.
Incorporation of indium on cubic GaN epitaxially induced on a nanofaceted Si(001) substrate by phase transition (2015)

The incorporation of In on the non-polar, piezoelectric-free (001) facet of cubic (c-) GaN epitaxially grown over a Si(001) substrate by metal-organic vapor phase epitaxy is reported. Relying on a hexagonal (h-) to c-phase transformation during epitaxy on an 800 nm-wide, Si(111)-faceted v-groove patterned into the substrate, the GaN epilayer at cross sectional view retains a triangular c-phase inside a chevron-shaped h-phase that results in a top surface bounded by a (001) facet parallel to Si(001) at the center and (11¯01) facets at both edges. A stack of five, ∼3 nm-thick, InxGa1−xN/GaN quantum wells (QWs) was deposited on the double-phased top surface. The c-phase region up to the QWs keeps extremely small misfit (∼0.002) to the fully relaxed h-GaN underneath it and is in tensile stress implying undefected by the h-c phase interface. The In incorporation on a strained non-polar (001) of c-GaN is comparable with that on totally relaxed semi-polar (11¯01) of h-GaN without noticeable adatom migration across the phase boundary, and sufficient to provide the room-temperature green emission at 496 nm from the c-InxGa1−xN/GaN QWs on Si(001) in photoluminescence.
Acoustic bubble detection - I. The detection of stable gas bodies (1994)

The ability to detect and measure bubbles within liquids is of importance to a wide range of applications. In this paper the optical and especially the acoustic techniques appropriate to populations of stable bubbles, or gas bodies, will be examined. In a second paper, techniques appropriate to transient cavitation will be discussed.
Epithelial–Mesenchymal Transition in Ovarian Carcinoma (2012)

Ovarian cancer is the most lethal gynecologic malignancy, with the majority of patients dying within 5 years of diagnosis. This poor survival of patients diagnosed with this malignancy is attributed to diagnosis at advanced stage, when the tumor has metastasized, and to chemotherapy resistance, either primary or developing along tumor progression. However, ovarian carcinomas, constituting the vast majority of ovarian cancers, additionally have unique biology, one aspect of which is the ability to co-express epithelial and mesenchymal determinants. epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), a physiological process by which mesenchymal cells are formed and migrate to target organs during embryogenesis, is involved in cancer cell invasion and metastasis. However, these changes do not fully occur in ovarian carcinoma, and are even reversed in tumor cells present in malignant peritoneal and pleural effusions. This review summarizes current knowledge in this area, including the characteristics of EMT related to adhesion, transcriptional regulation and chemoresistance, and their clinical relevance, as well as the recently observed regulation of EMT by microRNA.
Combining analytical and iterative reconstruction in helical cone-beam CT (2007)

Contemporary algorithms employed for reconstruction of 3D volumes from helical cone beam projections are so called non-exact algorithms. This means that the reconstructed volumes contain artifacts irrespective of the detector resolution and number of projection angles employed in the process. In this thesis, three iterative schemes for suppression of these so called cone artifacts are investigated. The first scheme, iterative weighted filtered backprojection (IWFBP), is based on iterative application of a non-exact algorithm. For this method, artifact reduction, as well as spatial resolution and noise properties are measured. During the first five iterations, cone artifacts are clearly reduced. As a side effect, spatial resolution and noise are increased. To avoid this side effect and improve the convergence properties, a regularization procedure is proposed and evaluated. In order to reduce the cost of the IWBP scheme, a second scheme is created by combining IWFBP with the so called ordered subsets technique, which we call OSIWFBP. This method divides the projection data set into subsets, and operates sequentially on each of these in a certain order, hence the name “ordered subsets”. We investigate two different ordering schemes and number of subsets, as well as the possibility to accelerate cone artifact suppression. The main conclusion is that the ordered subsets technique indeed reduces the number of iterations needed, but that it suffers from the drawback of noise amplification. The third scheme starts by dividing input data into high- and low-frequency data, followed by non-iterative reconstruction of the high-frequency part and IWFBP reconstruction of the low-frequency part. This could open for acceleration by reduction of data in the iterative part. The results show that a suppression of artifacts similar to that of the IWFBP method can be obtained, even if a significant part of high-frequency data is non-iteratively reconstructed.
Identification of enzymes and regulatory proteins in <i>Escherichia coli</i> that are oxidized under nitrogen, carbon, or phosphate starvation (2007)

Using proteomic technologies, we identified 62 proteins that are oxidized to carbonyl derivatives during growth of Escherichia coli under nitrogen starvation (NS), carbon starvation (CS), and phosphate starvation (PS) conditions. The carbonylated proteins were converted to 2,4-dinitrophenylhydrazone derivatives and these were identified using Western blotting and mass spectrometry by searching E. coli proteins in the Swiss-Prot and/or NCBI databases. Fourteen of the oxidized proteins were formed under both NS and CS conditions, and only three proteins were specifically oxidized under PS conditions. Interestingly, the carbonyl content of proteins in crude extracts of cells harvested after 48 h of stationary growth under NS and CS was significantly lower than that observed at mid-log and end-log phases of growth. In contrast, the carbonyl content of proteins in extracts of cells grown under PS conditions was fairly constant during comparable periods of growth.
Alternatively Spliced TCR mRNA Induced by Disruption of Reading Frame (2002)

Nonsense codons that prematurely terminate translation generate potentially deleterious truncated proteins. Here, we show that the T cell receptor-beta (TCRbeta) gene, which acquires in-frame nonsense codons at high frequency during normal lymphocyte development, gives rise to an alternatively spliced transcript [alternative messenger RNA (alt-mRNA)] that skips the offending mutations that generate such nonsense codons. This alt-mRNA is up-regulated by a transfer RNA-dependent scanning mechanism that responds specifically to mutations that disrupt the reading frame. The finding that translation signals regulate the levels of alternatively spliced mRNAs generated in the nucleus may alter the current view of how gene expression is controlled in eukaryotic cells.
Development of portable 3D optical measuring system using structured light projection method (2014)

Three-dimensional (3D) scanners are becoming increasingly common in many industries. However most of these scanning technologies have drawbacks for practical use due to size, weight, accessibility, and ease-of-use. Depending on the application, speed, flexibility and portability can often be deemed more important than accuracy. We have developed a solution to address this market requirement and overcome the aforementioned limitations. To counteract shortcomings such as heavy weight and large size, an optical sensor is used that consists of a laser projector, a camera system, and a multi-touch screen. Structured laser light is projected onto the measured object with a newly designed laser projector employing a single Micro Electro Mechanical Systems (MEMS) mirror. The optical system is optimized for the combination of a Laser Diode (LD), the MEMS mirror and the size of measurement area to secure the ideal contrast of structured light. Also, we developed a new calibration algorithm for this sensor with MEMS laser projector that uses an optical camera model for point cloud calculation. These technical advancements make the sensor compact, save power consumption, and reduce heat generation yet still allows for rapid calculation. Due to the principle of the measurement, structured light triangulation utilizing phase-shifting technology, resolution is improved. To meet requirements for practical applications, the optics, electronics, image processing, display and data management capabilities have been integrated into a single compact unit.
Guest Editorial Special Issue on Vacuum Electronics (2018)

The Time has come once again to chronicle recent advances in the vibrant and dynamic field of vacuum electronics. This Special Issue, published by the IEEE Transactions on Electron Devices, follows successful past issues published every four or five years since 2001. Dr. David Abe and Dr. David Whaley headed the group of Guest Editors for this issue, relying heavily on the expertise and dedication of their fellow Guest Editors, Dr. Jinjun Feng, Dr. John Jelonnek, and Dr. Lalit Kumar. Together, manuscripts covering the wide range of topics found within the following pages were ushered through a rigorous peer-reviewed process to provide a snapshot of the state-of-the-art in vacuum electronics technology for 2018. In a testament to the vitality and widespread activity in the field, contributions to this issue were submitted nearly equally from Europe, Asia, and the Americas. The subject matter of these contributions spans such a wide swath of applications that it is difficult to imagine that our lives are not impacted in some way every day by the benefits that this technology area provides. Communications, radar, accelerator and fusion research, satellite data links, and electronic defense are but a few examples.
Implementing Virtual Machine Replication: A Case Study Using Xen and KVM (2012)

Virtual machine (VM) replication has been recognized as an inexpensive way of providing high availability on commodity hardware. Unfortunately, its impact on system performance is far from negligible and strategies have been proposed to mitigate this problem. In this paper we take a look at VM replication from a different perspective: the choice of a hyper visor. Namely, the differences between hyper visors in terms of architecture and performance are well known and studied in the literature, but no analysis has been performed so far in the context of replication. Taking open-source hyper visors Xen and KVM as examples, we show what hyper visor services are necessary to implement a primary-backup replication scheme and how hyper visor design affects the development steps and the performance. Interestingly, our user space implementation on top of KVM achieves roughly the same performance as an already existing, more mature Xen implementation, which leads us to the conclusion that the inherent cost of the replication scheme dominates the differences between the chosen hyper visors.
The Influence of Transportation on Turkey Meat Quality (2000)

Previous research has indicated that antemortem stress factors can influence the development of pale, soft, and exudative (PSE) meat in swine as well as in turkeys. Such antemortem factors can include environmental temperatures, relative humidity, preslaughter handling practices, and transportation. However, the effect of transportation on meat quality of turkeys has not been extensively studied. Eighty Nicholas male turkeys (21 wk of age) were divided into two groups and were either transported in coops on a flatbed trailer for 3 h immediately prior to processing or processed without transportation. Breast muscle samples were collected for pH (0, 2, 24 h), L* value (2, 24 h), drip loss, and cook loss. Additionally, breast fillets were marinated and cooked to determine marination uptake, retention, and cook loss. The breast muscles from transported turkeys had significantly higher muscle pH at 0, 2, and 24 h; significantly lower L* values at 2 and 24 h; significantly higher marination retention (i.e., lower drip loss after marination); and significantly lower cook loss in the marinated fillets compared with fillets of the nontransported turkeys. There were no significant differences in drip loss and cook loss of the nonmarinated fillets or the marination uptake percentage between the transported and nontransported turkeys. These results suggest that transporting turkeys immediately before processing does not induce PSE meat and may actually improve water-holding properties.
Urea for the Treatment of Hyponatremia (2018)

Urea seems effective and safe for the treatment of inpatient hyponatremia, and it is well tolerated.
Synthesis of graphene on a Ni film by radio-frequency plasma-enhanced chemical vapor deposition (2012)

大区域的单身者 -- 或高质量的多层的 graphene 被无线电频率在 Ni 电影上综合在相对低的温度的提高血浆的化学蒸汽免职(RF-PECVD )(650 ??????  ???? 戠潩洭浩捩楫杮? 牧灡敨敮 ?? T
Image Texture Analysis - Survey (2013)

This paper discusses the various methods used to analyze the texture property of an image. Texture analysis is broadly classified into three categories: Pixel based, local feature based and Region based. Pixel based method uses grey level co occurrence matrices, difference histogram and energy measures and Local Binary Patterns(LBP) Local feature based method uses edges of local features and generalization of co occurrence matrices. Region based method uses region growing and topographic models.
Current status of Peterson–Barney vowel formant data (1991)

A question concerning the status of the Peterson-Barney vowel formant data is raised. Two machine-readable copies of the data were located, compared, and found to contain minor discrepancies. These discrepancies were resolved by comparison with a listing of the original data.
A New United Analysis Method for Epicardial Mapping Signals (2008)

Epicardial potential mapping (EPM) system is a main tool for cardiac electrophysiological research and clinically precise diagnosis. One of EPM's technical difficulties is how to analyze EPM signals effectively to get pivotal information. Therefore a new united method based on dynamic iso-potential map (DIM), time-dependent correlation waveform analysis (CWA) and energy distribution were used to analyze EPM signals. The results indicated that the DIM could reflect depolarization waves' spread visually and dynamically. Time- dependent CWA and energy distribution could reflect the depolarization waves' spread directions and paths statistically. The concept of time-dependency made analysis focus on certain or several depolarization waves and the results were more significative. In conclusion, this united method can reflect depolarization waves' spread law roundly and accurately. It's fit for EPM system.
Fragment Based Drug Discovery using rational design (2007)

Fragment‐based discovery has recently emerged as a new approach for the generation of novel small molecule therapeutic agents. The use of high throughput X‐ray crystallography, as well as NMR, in fragment‐based discovery approaches will be exemplified in this talk. Methodology that utilizes high throughput X‐ray crystallography and NMR to screen fragment libraries will be described. This approach for lead generation has distinct advantages over conventional bioassay‐based screening in that very low‐affinity fragments with novel structures can be identified. These “fragment hits” can then be rapidly optimized for potency and DMPK properties using iterative cycles of medicinal chemistry and structure‐based drug design. The development of novel lead compounds using this approach will be described for targets such as the cyclin‐dependant kinases and aurora kinase, key proteins involved in cancer. These compounds, AT7519 and AT9283, were identified using fragment‐discovery and are now being tested in clinical trials as potential anti‐cancer therapies.
A &#x002B;27.3dBm transformer-based digital Doherty polar power amplifier fully integrated in bulk CMOS (2014)

This paper presents a digital Doherty polar power amplifier fully integrated in a 65 nm bulk CMOS process. It achieves +27.3 dBm peak output power and 32.5% peak PA drain efficiency at 3.82 GHz and 3.60 GHz, respectively. The PA demonstrates a maximum 7% back-off efficiency enhancement compared with a class-B PA and shows a robust Doherty PA operation against load variations. The 90° signal splitting at the Doherty input is realized by a compact folded transformer-based differential quadrature coupler. Active Doherty load modulation and output power combining are achieved by two transformers in a parallel configuration at the PA output. The transformer-based passive networks make the PA design ultra-compact (2.1 mm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> ) and broadband (24.9% for -1 dB bandwidth). Measurements with QPSK (1 MSym/s)/16QAM (0.5 MSym/s) signals show 3.5/4.7% rms EVM with +23.5/+22.1 dBm average output power and 26.8/24.1% PA drain efficiency.
Bacterial neuraminidase facilitates mucosal infection by participating in biofilm production (2006)

Many respiratory pathogens, including Hemophilus influenzae, Streptococcus pneumoniae, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa, express neuraminidases that can cleave alpha2,3-linked sialic acids from glycoconjugates. As mucosal surfaces are heavily sialylated, neuraminidases have been thought to modify epithelial cells by exposing potential bacterial receptors. However, in contrast to neuraminidase produced by the influenza virus, a role for bacterial neuraminidase in pathogenesis has not yet been clearly established. We constructed a mutant of P. aeruginosa PAO1 by deleting the PA2794 neuraminidase locus (Delta2794) and tested its virulence and immunostimulatory capabilities in a mouse model of infection. Although fully virulent when introduced i.p., the Delta2794 mutant was unable to establish respiratory infection by i.n. inoculation. The inability to colonize the respiratory tract correlated with diminished production of biofilm, as assessed by scanning electron microscopy and in vitro assays. The importance of neuraminidase in biofilm production was further demonstrated by showing that viral neuraminidase inhibitors in clinical use blocked P. aeruginosa biofilm production in vitro as well. The P. aeruginosa neuraminidase has a key role in the initial stages of pulmonary infection by targeting bacterial glycoconjugates and contributing to the formation of biofilm. Inhibiting bacterial neuraminidases could provide a novel mechanism to prevent bacterial pneumonia.