gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Sensing Characteristics and Working Mechanism of Four‐Probe Type Solid‐State Hydrogen Sensor Using Proton Conductor (1989)

A solid‐state proton conductor (antimonic acid) sensor capable of detecting dilute hydrogen in air at room temperature has been developed. The sensor element has a four‐probe type structure with two inner Ag probes and two outer Pt electrodes. With the outer electrodes short‐circuited, the potential difference between the two inner probes was used as a signal output. It was found that the output was not only proportional to hydrogen concentration (up to 1.3%) in air, but also independent of relative humidity (7–90%). The 90% response time was as short as 20s to 0.2% at 25°C. The signal output had a small positive temperature coefficient (ca. 2 mV/°C) in the range from 10° to 35°C. The sensor was fairly stable during the test period of about one month. A hydrogen sensing mechanism was proposed and discussed with supporting evidence about electric potential profiles inside the proton conductor.
Tourette syndrome: clinical and psychological aspects of 250 cases. (1985)

Tourette syndrome is a common hereditary neuropsychiatric disorder consisting of multiple tics and vocal noises. We summarize here clinical aspects of 250 consecutive cases seen over a period of 3 years. The sex ratio was four males to one female, and the mean age of onset was 6.9 years. Only 10% were Jewish, indicating that it is not more prevalent in Ashkenazi Jews. Only 33% had compulsive swearing (coprolalia), indicating that this is not necessary for the diagnosis. The most frequent initial symptoms were rapid eye-blinking, facial grimacing, and throat-clearing. In this series, it was clear that Tourette syndrome is a psychiatric as well as a neurological disorder. Significant discipline problems and/or problems with anger and violence occurred in 61%, and 54% had attention-deficit disorder with hyperactivity. Some degree of exhibitionism was present in 15.9% of males and 6.1% of females. Obsessive-compulsive behavior was seen in 32%. Other than tics and vocal noises, the most common parental complaints were of short temper and everything being a confrontation. There were no significant clinical differences between familial and sporadic cases. Whenever a child presents with a learning disorder, attention-deficit disorder, or significant discipline or emotional problems, the parents should be questioned about the presence of tics or vocal noises in the patient and other family members.
Paramagnetic Properties of Metal‐Free Boron‐Doped Graphene Quantum Dots and Their Application for Safe Magnetic Resonance Imaging (2016)

A boron-doped graphene quantum dot (B-GQD) as a metal-free multimodal contrast agent (CA) for safe magnetic resonance imaging and fluorescence imaging is reported. In vivo T<sub>1</sub> -weighted magnetic resonance images show that B-GQDs induce significant contrast enhancement on the heart, liver, spleen, and kidney, and sustain for more than 1 h, about 10 times longer than Gd-based CAs currently used in clinic.
The Use of High-Frequency Pulsed Laser Diodes in Fringe Type Laser Doppler Anemometry (1989)

The benefits obtained by using pulsed laser diodes with repetition rates much higher than the Doppler frequency are described and the advantages over cw- and long-pulse operation are shown. These benefits are achieved by several characteristics of pulsed laser operation. First, in pulsed mode the time-averaged number of photons may be considerably higher than in cw-mode. Second, for some of the LDA data acquisition systems the laser pulses can be synchronized with the sampling process of the acquisition systems, and third, in multiple-component systems the phases of the laser pulses in the emitter parts can be shifted with respect to each other so that one single receiver part is sufficient for all components and an identical wavelength can be used for all components. Experimental verification proves the feasibility of these conceptions.
Automatic and Efficient Heap Data Management for Limited Local Memory Multicore Architectures (2013)

Limited Local Memory (LLM) multi-core architectures substitute cache with scratch pad memories (SPM), and therefore have much lower power consumption. As they lack of automatic memory management, programming on such architectures becomes challenging, in the sense that it requires the programmer/compiler to efficiently manage the limited local memory. Managing heap data of the tasks executing in the cores of an LLM multi-core is an important problem. This paper presents a fully automated and efficient scheme for heap data management. Specifically, we propose i) code transformation for automation of heap management, with seamless support for multi-level pointers, and ii) improved data structures to more efficiently manage unlimited heap data. Experimental results on several benchmarks from MiBench demonstrate an average 43% performance improvement over previous approach [1].
IDEA (1996)

The analysis of business data is often an ill-defined task characterized by large amounts of noisy data. Because of this, business data analysis must combine two kinds of intertwined tasks: exploration and analysis. Exploration is the process of finding the appropriate subset of data to analyze, and analysis is the process of measuring the data to provide the business answer. While there are many tools available both for exploration and for analysis, a single tool or set of tools may not provide full support for these intertwined tasks. We report here on a project that set out to understand a specific business data analysis problem and build an environment to support it. The results of this understanding are, first of all, a detailed list of requirements of this task; second, a set of capabilities that meet these requirements; and third, an implemented client-server solution that addresses many of these requirements and identifies others for future work. Our solution incorporates several novel perspectives on data analysis and combines a history mechanism with a graphical, re-usable representation of the analysis and exploration process. Our approach emphasizes using the database itself to represent as many of these functions as possible.
Imperfect and Unmatched CSIT is Still Useful for the Frequency Correlated MISO Broadcast Channel (2013)

Since Maddah-Ali and Tse showed that the completely stale transmitter-side channel state information (CSIT) still benefits the Degrees of Freedom (DoF) of the Multiple-Input-Multiple-Output (MISO) Broadcast Channel (BC), there has been much interest in the academic literature to investigate the impact of imperfect CSIT on \emph{DoF} region of time correlated broadcast channel. Even though the research focus has been on time correlated channels so far, a similar but different problem concerns the frequency correlated channels. Indeed, the imperfect CSIT also impacts the DoF region of frequency correlated channels, as exemplified by current multi-carrier wireless systems. This contribution, for the first time in the literature, investigates a general frequency correlated setting where a two-antenna transmitter has imperfect knowledge of CSI of two single-antenna users on two adjacent subbands. A new scheme is derived as an integration of Zero-Forcing Beamforming (ZFBF) and the scheme proposed by Maddah-Ali and Tse. The achievable DoF region resulted by this scheme is expressed as a function of the qualities of CSIT.
Generation of High Affinity Monoclonal Antibodies for the Prevention of HIV Infection (2009)

The most critical issue for the application of high affinity monoclonal antibodies is their creation. Here, we summarize the cellular and molecular mechanisms by which high affinity antibodies are generated, and then review the attempts of many investigators to create high affinity monoclonal antibodies against various target molecules. High affinity monoclonal antibodies are generated by one or a combination of the following three major methods. (1) The improvement of antibody affinity by introducing mutations in the immunoglobulin V-region genes by in vitro mutagenesis. (2) Screening many clones from a random combinatory repertoire of IgV-region genes using a phage library established in yeast or bacteria. (3) Attempting to introduce many somatic hypermutation of IgV-region genes. We summarize the advantages and applications of each of these methods including recent patents to facilitate informed individual choice. We also extend our review to the current creation of antibodies for HIV research.
Providing transactional quality of service in event stream processing middleware (2009)

We present an efficient algorithm for providing transactional guarantees when federating a transactional object store with a stream processing engine. The object store allows transactions to programmatically access and update persistent tables as inmemory map objects. The stream processing engine processes continuous queries on events from designated map objects to generate continuously updated derived views. Stream processing traditionally provides an “eventual correctness” guarantee; however our clients insisted upon a uniform transactional quality of service for the federated system: in particular, the system must guarantee that no transaction can observe an updated map object and a stale value of a derived view. A straightforward approach would entail executing all stream processing within the scope of transactions, and this comes at a performance cost. Our approach, based on a hybrid optimistic concurrency control technique, allows stream processing to proceed in parallel, usually after commit time. We present our algorithm along with experimental performance evaluations of both approaches.
A novel tetracycline from Actinomadura brunnea. Fermentation, isolation and structure elucidation. (1987)

A novel tetracycline antibiotic, Sch 33256, was isolated from a culture broth of a new species of Actinomadura. The antibiotic was isolated by solvent extraction, Sephadex G-25 column chromatography and crystallization. The structure was determined by comparison of the spectra with that of chlortetracycline. Spectroscopic analysis of the compound yielded 2'-N-methyl-8-methoxychlortetracycline as the proposed structure.
Composite Solid Electrolyte For Lithium Cells (1994)

Composite solid electrolyte material consists of very small particles, each coated with thin layer of Lil, bonded together with polymer electrolyte or other organic binder. Material offers significant advantages over other solid electrolytes in lithium cells and batteries. Features include high ionic conductivity and strength. Composite solid electrolyte expected to exhibit flexibility of polymeric electrolytes. Polymer in composite solid electrolyte serves two purposes: used as binder alone, conduction taking place only in AI2O3 particles coated with solid Lil; or used as both binder and polymeric electrolyte, providing ionic conductivity between solid particles that it binds together.
16 kbps wideband speech coding technique based on algebraic CELP (1991)

The application of algebraic code excited linear prediction (ACELP) coding to wideband speech is presented. An algebraic codebook with a 20 bit address can be used without any storage requirements and, more importantly, with a very efficient search procedure which allows for real-time implementation. The authors describe an efficient procedure for searching such a large codebook deploying a focused search strategy, where less than 0.1% of the codebook is searched with performance very close to that of a full search. High-quality speech at a bit rate of 13 kbps was obtained.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
IC‐P‐030: MCI diagnosis via manifold based classification of functional brain networks (2010)

Accumulated evidence from fMRI studies has demonstrated that Alzheimer's disease (AD) is associated with abnormalities of brain functional networks (FNs) in medial temporal lobe, frontal, temporal, and parietal cortices. Identifying brain FNs affected by mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and optimally utilizing them in diagnosis could potentially improve early detection of AD. This study applied independent component analysis (ICA) to extract brain FNs from fMRI data of MCI and cognitively normal (CN) elderly subjects during their performance of a simple semantic memory task and resting visual fixation. Advanced pattern classification techniques identified the optimal combination of FNs for diagnostic determination. A manifold based classification algorithm was used to classify fMRI data of 12 MCIs and 12 CNs. A group ICA was used to extract FNs which were encoded by spatial independent components (ICs) and a back-reconstruction technique was used to compute subject specific FNs. The FNs of each individual were used as bases for spanning a linear subspace, referred to as a functional connectivity pattern (FCP), which facilitated a comprehensive characterization of temporal signals of fMRI data. The FCPs of different individuals were analyzed on the Grassmann manifold by adopting a principal angle based subspace distance. In conjunction with a k-nearest neighbor classifier, a forward component selection technique was used to select ICs for constructing the most discriminative FCP whose discriminative power was measured using leave-one-out cross validation. We identified a FCP spanned by 7 FNs, including temporal, parietal, and frontal regions, which were most characteristic of MCI. This combined cognitive challenge and resting state FCP correctly distinguished 20 out 24 subjects, cross-validated using leave-one-out method. This result is better than those obtained by the classifiers built on FCPs spanned by either all available FNs (50%) or any individual FN (the best performance: 54.2%). The manifold based classification method has the potential to identify MCI associated FNs, which could serve as surrogate biomarkers for early detection of individuals at risk for AD. Furthermore, the FCP spanned by multiple discriminative FNs has superior diagnostic value compared to either any individual FN or the FCP spanned by all available FNs.
A confidence measure invariant to language and grammar (2005)

Confidence measures are necessary in all voiced activated applications to decide whether a recognized word, or a sentence, should be accepted or rejected.A confidence measure should not only be reliable, but possibly application independent, i.e. its dynamic range should be uniform for different languages, grammars, and vocabularies.This is an important practical issue because it allows the application developers to use the same value of the threshold for different applications and to expect comparable rejection rates.This eases their task at least in the first phase of application development.In this paper, we introduce a confidence measure that has these properties.It allows eliminating the cumbersome experimental procedure necessary to tune individually the rejection threshold for every developed recognition object.We present the results of a set of experiments that demonstrate the "normalization" quality of our confidence measure for six different grammars in different languages.
On-Board Signal Monitoring Unit for Future Galileo Satellites (2010)

Distortions affecting the transmitted navigation signals
have to be regarded as one of the major threats which may
lead to an erroneous receiver position. Both Galileo and
EGNOS integrity concepts propose to monitor the
received signals with a network of sensor stations to
detect any signal quality degradation and warn promptly
the user. One of the advantages of this solution is that the
number of sensor stations can be scaled to fulfil the integrity requirements. However, these measurements are
strongly attenuated by the free-space losses and affected
by perturbations either during the signal propagation (e.g.
scintillation), or at the sensor station itself (e.g. local
multipath or interferences), which might degrade the
detection performances.
In this paper, it is therefore proposed to monitor the signal
quality at the transmission source itself, i.e. on-board the
satellite. Basically, a satellite Signal Monitoring Unit
(SMU) captures the transmitted signal and compares it
with an ideal replica to reveal any potential deviation. The
algorithms applied in the SMU are derived from the
signal quality monitoring (SQM) concept already used for
the integrity verification of the WAAS systems: a multicorrelator
GNSS receiver continuously tracks the
transmitted signal with one pair of correlators, while all
other correlators (including the prompt channel) sample
the correlation function at different early-late spacings.
Then, metrics are built by combining the different
correlator samples to monitor the quality of the
correlation function (flatness, asymmetry). Detection of
signal distortions is achieved by comparing these metrics
with thresholds adapted to the signal characteristics and to
the integrity and continuity system requirements.
This paper will first describe the general architecture of
the SMU. Several options either for capturing the
monitored signal or for the generation of the replica will
be proposed. It will also be shown that the available
(C/No) lies around 100 dB-Hz. This characteristic, which
will significantly ease the detection of any signal
distortion, will be one of the main justifications for the
SQM migration from on-ground to on-board. An example
based on the monitoring of both Galileo Safety of Life
signals (SoL) will serve to describe the main steps of the
SQM concept. This concerns the definition of the
ensemble of modelled signal distortions, called “threat
space”, the definition of the ensemble SoL receiver
settings, called “user space” and the determination of the
detection thresholds. It will be shown that 100 % of the
signal distortions thus defined can be detected and that the
high sensitivity of the SMU will offer more flexibility in
the setting of the working point.
An additional section will highlight other potential
benefits of the SMU to improve the integrity
performance. This especially concerns the possibility to
detect any relevant degraded code carrier coherency, any
relevant reduction of the Equivalent Isotropically
Radiated Power (EIRP), or any corruption of the
disseminated data.
Direct and Label‐Free Detection of Solid‐Phase‐Bound Compounds by Using Surface‐Enhanced Raman Scattering Microspectroscopy (2007)

Sensitive and specific: By using surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) microspectroscopy, solid-phase-bound compounds can be detected directly and marker-free in a few seconds on a single polystyrene bead. No significant contributions of the matrix are observed, as demonstrated by reference Raman spectra. Supporting information for this article is available on the WWW under http://www.wiley-vch.de/contents/jc_2002/2007/z605190_s.pdf or from the author. Please note: The publisher is not responsible for the content or functionality of any supporting information supplied by the authors. Any queries (other than missing content) should be directed to the corresponding author for the article.
Heterogeneous diffusion model for simulation of resist process (2006)

There have been imposed quite incompatible requirements on lithographic simulation tool for OPC, that is it should be enough accurate and enough fast. Though diffused aerial image model (DAIM) has achieved these goals successfully, rapid transition of lithography into very low k1 and sub-resolution regime makes it very difficult to meet these goals without loss of any of speed or accuracy. In this paper we suggested new modeling method of resist process which is called heterogeneous diffusion of aerial image. First, various examples of CD discrepancy between experiment and simulation with DAIM are suggested. Then the theoretical background of new model is explained and finally CD prediction performance of new model is demonstrated in 60nm 0.29k1 patterning of real DRAM devices. Improved CD prediction capability of new model is observed in various critical patterning of DRAM.
Graphene as transmissive electrodes and aligning layers for liquid-crystal-based electro-optic devices (2017)

In a conventional liquid crystal (LC) cell, polyimide layers are used to align the LC homogeneously in the cell, and transmissive indium tin oxide (ITO) electrodes are used to apply the electric field to reorient the LC along the field. It is experimentally presented here that monolayer graphene films on the two glass substrates can function concurrently as the LC aligning layers and the transparent electrodes to fabricate an LC cell, without using the conventional polyimide and ITO substrates. This replacement can effectively decrease the thickness of all the alignment layers and electrodes from about 100 nm to less than 1 nm. The interaction between LC and graphene through π-π electron stacking imposes a planar alignment on the LC in the graphene-based cell-which is verified using a crossed polarized microscope. The graphene-based LC cell exhibits an excellent nematic director reorientation process from planar to homeotropic configuration through the application of an electric field-which is probed by dielectric and electro-optic measurements. Finally, it is shown that the electro-optic switching is significantly faster in the graphene-based LC cell than in a conventional ITO-polyimide LC cell.
Full-Frame Video Stabilization (2005)

Video stabilization is an important video enhancement technology which aims at removing annoying shaky motion from videos. We propose a practical and robust approach of video stabilization that produces full-frame stabilized videos with good visual quality. While most previous methods end up with producing low resolution stabilized videos, our completion method can produce full-frame videos by naturally filling in missing image parts by locally aligning image data of neighboring frames. To achieve this, motion inpainting is proposed to enforce spatial and temporal consistency of the completion in both static and dynamic image areas. In addition, image quality in the stabilized video is enhanced with a new practical deblurring algorithm. Instead of estimating point spread functions, our method transfers and interpolates sharper image pixels of neighbouring frames to increase the sharpness of the frame. The proposed video completion and deblurring methods enabled us to develop a complete video stabilizer which can naturally keep the original image quality in the stabilized videos. The effectiveness of our method is confirmed by extensive experiments over a wide variety of videos.
A Holographic Alcohol Sensor (1999)

A simple liquid-phase alcohol sensor based on a reflection hologram distributed throughout the volume of a cross-linked poly(hydroxyethyl methacrylate) film is described. The sensor is interrogated optically through the back of the film, by measuring the peak wavelength of the narrow-band reflection spectrum when the hologram is illuminated with white light. This procedure makes it possible to measure thickness changes in the film with great precision. The presence of alcohol in the sample medium causes the polymer film to swell in a concentration-dependent manner, whence the alcohol content can be determined by measurement of the wavelength of the reflected spectral peak. The sensor exhibits a wide dynamic range, which can easily be tuned for specific applications, and is unaffected by highly colored and turbid samples, since the light path does not pass through the sample. The sensor is relatively insensitive to pH in the range 3−6.5 and is highly stable, both in use and in storage. The performance of the sensor was demonstrated by measuring the alcohol contents of a wide range of alcoholic beverages such as wines and beers, with no sample pretreatment. Most alcohol concentrations were determined to be within approximately ±0.3 vol % of their stated values.