gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Iron‐ and inflammation‐induced hepcidin gene expression in mice is not mediated by Kupffer cells in vivo† (2005)

Hepcidin, a recently discovered iron regulatory peptide, is believed to inhibit the release of iron from absorptive enterocytes and macrophages. Liver hepcidin synthesis is induced in vivo by iron stores and inflammation. The molecular basis of the regulation of hepcidin gene expression by these effectors in hepatocytes is currently unknown, although there is strong evidence that indirect mechanisms are involved. The aims of this study were to gain insight into these mechanisms and to determine to what extent other liver cell types are responsible for transducing the signal by which hepcidin expression is regulated in mouse hepatocytes. For this, we depleted Kupffer cells by injection of liposome-encapsulated clodronate and then studied iron- and inflammation-induced hepcidin gene expression. In addition, we directly evaluated the role of the inflammatory cytokine interleukin 6 (IL-6) by using IL-6-deficient mice. Our results show that iron is able to induce hepcidin gene expression independently of Kupffer cells in the liver and circulating IL-6. In contrast, we show that hepcidin gene induction by inflammation is also independent of Kupffer cells, but involves, at least partly, IL-6. In conclusion, these results show that two independent regulatory pathways control hepcidin gene expression and suggest that hepatocytes play a key role in the regulation of hepcidin gene expression by sensing iron and inflammatory signals.
Multiresolution Decomposition Schemes Using the Parameterized Logarithmic Image Processing Model with Application to Image Fusion (2010)

New pixel- and region-based multiresolution image fusion algorithms are introduced in this paper using the Parameterized Logarithmic Image Processing (PLIP) model, a framework more suitable for processing images. A mathematical analysis shows that the Logarithmic Image Processing (LIP) model and standard mathematical operators are extreme cases of the PLIP model operators. Moreover, the PLIP model operators also have the ability to take on cases in between LIP and standard operators based on the visual requirements of the input images. PLIP-based multiresolution decomposition schemes are developed and thoroughly applied for image fusion as analysis and synthesis methods. The new decomposition schemes and fusion rules yield novel image fusion algorithms which are able to provide visually more pleasing fusion results. LIP-based multiresolution image fusion approaches are consequently formulated due to the generalized nature of the PLIP model. Computer simulations illustrate that the proposed image fusion algorithms using the Parameterized Logarithmic Laplacian Pyramid, Parameterized Logarithmic Discrete Wavelet Transform, and Parameterized Logarithmic Stationary Wavelet Transform outperform their respective traditional approaches by both qualitative and quantitative means. The algorithms were tested over a range of different image classes, including out-of-focus, medical, surveillance, and remote sensing images.
Characterization of fowl adenoviruses isolated in Ontario and Quebec, Canada. (2008)

Fowl adenoviruses (FAdV) are generally considered ubiquitous, but certain serotypes and strains are known to be associated with primary diseases, such as inclusion body hepatitis (IBH). Fifty-two FAdV isolates were collected from the provinces of Ontario and Quebec over a 4-year period. These 2 provinces have the largest poultry industries in Canada. Except for one virus, which originated from a guinea fowl, all other viruses were isolated from chicken samples. Most of these were from broilers, although some were from broiler breeders, and one was from layer pullets. Thirty-four isolates were from clinical IBH cases with the final laboratory diagnosis of IBH; however, for 18 isolates, the varied case diagnosis was seemingly unrelated to FAdV. All IBH-associated viruses had deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) profiles compatible with FAdV species E (28 cases) or species D (6 cases), and the DNA fragment profiles of 26 species E viruses were indicative of serotype 8. Two viruses were serotype 6, as confirmed by virus neutralization. All species D viruses had a DNA profile similar to that of FAdV-2. The number of serotype 8 virus isolations has increased over the years, and by 2001 serotype 8 had become the dominant serotype in Ontario, and continues to be so. Moreover, this virus (FAdV-8) has shown a strong association with IBH.
Distributed feature composition: a virtual architecture for telecommunications services (1998)

Distributed Feature Composition (DFC) is a new technology for feature specification and composition, based on a virtual architecture offering benefits analogous to those of a pipe-and-filter architecture. In the DFC architecture, customer calls are processed by dynamically assembled configurations of filter-like components: each component implements an applicable feature, and communicates with its neighbors by featureless internal calls that are connected by the underlying architectural substrate.
"Blind" speech segmentation: automatic segmentation of speech without linguistic knowledge (2002)

A new automatic speech segmentation procedure, called the "Blind" speech segmentation, is presented. This procedure allows a speech sample to be segmented into sub-word units without the knowledge of any linguistic information (such as, orthographic or phonetic transcription). Hence, this procedure involves finding the optimal number of sub-word segments in the given speech sample, before locating the sub-word segment boundaries.
Glandular object based tumor morphometry in H&E biopsy samples for prostate cancer prognosis (2011)

Morphological and architectural characteristics of primary prostate tissue compartments, such as epithelial nuclei (EN) and cytoplasm, provide critical information for cancer diagnosis, prognosis and therapeutic response prediction. The subjective and variable Gleason grade assessed by expert pathologists in Hematoxylin and Eosin (H&E) stained specimens has been the standard for prostate cancer diagnosis and prognosis. We propose a novel morphometric, glandular object-oriented image analysis approach for the robust quantification of H&E prostate biopsy images. We demonstrate the utility of features extracted through the proposed method in predicting disease progression post treatment in a multi-institution cohort of 1027 patients. The biopsy based features were univariately predictive for clinical response post therapy; with concordance indexes (CI) ≤ 0.4 or ≥ 0.6. In multivariate analysis, a glandular object feature quantifying tumor epithelial cells not directly associated with an intact tumor gland was selected in a model incorporating preoperative clinical data, protein biomarker and morphological imaging features. The model achieved a CI of 0.73 in validation, which was significantly higher than a CI of 0.69 for the standard multivariate model based solely on clinical features currently used in clinical practice. This work presents one of the first demonstrations of glandular object based morphological features in the H&E stained biopsy specimen to predict disease progression post primary treatment. Additionally, it is the largest scale study of the efficacy and robustness of the proposed features in prostate cancer prognosis.
OIL TANKERS AND POLLUTION: A MICROBIOLOGICAL APPROACH (1977)

INTRODUCTION 379 CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF CRUDE OIL 380 PHYSICAL INTERACTIONS BETWEEN MICROORGANISMS AND HYDROCARBON 381 Water-Soluble Components of Petroleum 382 Water-Insoluble Liquid Hydrocarbons 382 Emulsion formation •• 384 Hydrocarbon uptake into cells 385 Water-Insoluble Solid Hydrocarbons 385 PETROLEUM BIODEGRADATION: GENERAL NUTRITIONAL REQUIREMENTS ...... 386 PETROLEUM DEGRADATION: METABOLIC SPECIFICITY 388 Initial Oxidation 388 Inducer Specificity 389 MICROBIOLOGICAL PROBLEMS ASSOCIATED WITH OIL TANKER OPERATIONS 390 Oil Tankers and the Ballast Voyage 390 Potential Applications 392
Memoir 71, Chapter 12: A Direct Method for Determining Complete Positive and Negative Capillary Pressure Curves for Reservoir Rock Using the Centrifuge (1999)

A method is developed for direct experimental determination of capillary pressure curves from saturation distributions produced while centrifuging fluids in a rock plug. A free-water level is positioned along the length of the plugs to enable simultaneous determination of both positive and negative capillary pressures. Octadecane, as the oil phase, is solidified by temperature reduction while centrifuging to prevent fluid redistribution upon removal from the centrifuge. The water saturation is then measured via magnetic resonance imaging. The saturation profile within the plug and the calculation of pressures for each point of the saturation profile allow for a complete capillary pressure curve to be determined from one experiment. Centrifuging under oil with a free-water level into a 100% water saturated plug results in the development of a primary drainage capillary pressure curve. Centrifuging similarly at initial water saturation in the plug results in the development of an imbibition capillary pressure curve. Examples of these measurements are presented for Berea sandstone and chalk rocks.
Cost-effective non-scan design for testability for actual testability improvement (2002)

A low-cost non-scan design for testability method is proposed, which is economical in pin, delay and area overheads. Unlike almost all of the previous non-scan design for testability methods which do not handle pin overhead well, our method allows a limited number of extra pins (3 or 5). A couple of effective techniques are presented to connect an extra input of a control test point to a primary input in order to avoid conflicts generated by the newly generated reconvergent fanouts. Techniques for extra control test points to share the same primary input are also presented. Sufficient experimental results are presented to demonstrate the effectiveness of the method.
Beryllium-aluminum alloys for investment castings (1997)

Beryllium-aluminum alloys containing greater than 60 wt % beryllium are very favorable materials for applications requiring light weight and high stiffness. However, when produced by traditional powder metallurgical methods, these alloys are expensive and have limited applications. To reduce the cost of making beryllium-aluminum components, Nuclear Metals Inc. (NMI) and Lockheed Martin Electronics and Missiles have recently developed a family of patented beryllium-aluminum alloys that can be investment cast. Designated Beralcast, the alloys can achieve substantial weight savings because of their high specific strength and stiffness. In some cases, weight has been reduced by up to 50% over aluminum investment casting. Beralcast is now being used to make thin wall precision investment castings for several advanced aerospace applications, such as the RAH-66 Comanche helicopter and F-22 jet fighter. This article discusses alloy compositions, properties, casting method, and the effects of cobalt additions on strength.
Separation of vocals from monaural music recordings using diagonal median filters and practical time-frequency parameters (2015)

In this paper we present a novel method for using median filters to separate vocals from single channel music recordings that contain harmonic and percussive sounds. The method incorporates diagonal median filters in addition to the horizontal and vertical ones to better match the characteristics of the vocal track. Further improvements are obtained through proper choices of the filters' lengths using time and frequency units. The effectiveness of the proposed method is demonstrated using a test set of songs by the Beach Boys.
Fast three-dimensional hybrid-dual-Fourier tomography using a radiative transfer forward model (2003)

A linear forward model of light propagation in turbid media for three dimensional (3D) optical tomography is formed based on the analytical cumulant solution of the Boltzmann radiative transfer equation., for time resolved, CW, and frequency-domain measurements in parallel slab geometry. This forward model is more accurate than the forward model based on the diffusive approximation. An inverse algorithm is developed, based on a fast 3D hybrid-dual-Fourier tomographic approach using multiple detectors and multiple sources in parallel geometry, which incorporates the cumulant radiative transfer model. The inverse algorithm runs fast that can produce a 3D image of a turbid medium with more than 20,000 voxels in 1-2 minutes using a PC computer. A 3D image is presented using simulated data.
Recurrent auctions in e-commerce (2007)

Recent developments of information technologies are causing shift from fixed pricing to dynamic pricing mechanisms in electronic marketplaces. The latter can improve revenue and resource utilization. However, the dynamism makes seller’s price decision and buyer’s budget planning difficult. Auction based dynamic pricing and negotiation mechanism can resolve such difficulties because price emerges from buyer’s (i.e., bidder’s) willingness to pay. Thanks to these advantages and inherent negotiation nature, the application domain of auction as dynamic pricing and negotiation mechanism covers service oriented electronic short-term contract marketplaces. Auctions in such markets are recurring since the contracts must be offered repeatedly for specific time intervals. In such recurring auction, uneven wealth distribution of bidders causes the least wealthy bidders to persistently lose auction rounds that motivate them to drop out of recurring auction. This bidder drop problem arises also in the traditional combinatorial winner selection strategy that only focuses on revenue maximization. The bidders dropping out of an auction decrease price competition and may cause a collapse of market price. At the same time, all available resources for fulfillment of electronic services must be sold in each auction round to avoid waste of resources. For these reasons, the previously designed traditional basic auction mechanisms may not be efficient in such service oriented electronic marketplaces.
To overcome these problems, this thesis proposes and evaluates novel auction mechanisms for selling short-term contracts in service oriented electronic marketplaces. For homogeneous market structure in which bidders’ requirements are homogeneous, we propose a Participation Incentive Optimal Recurring Auction (PI-ORA) mechanism that is incentive compatible and a Discriminatory Price Optimal Recurring Auction mechanism that is not incentive compatible. Compared to the traditional basic auction mechanisms, the proposed mechanisms (i.e., PI-ORA and DP-ORA) stabilize the market prices and increase the auctioneer’s revenue by preventing the bidder drop problem and avoiding the resource waste problem. Additionally, the proposed mechanisms achieve better long-term fairness of resource allocations. For markets in which bidders’ requirements are heterogeneous, we propose and evaluate a Participation Incentive Generalized Vickery Auction (PI-GVA) mechanism. Compared to the traditional Generalized Vickery Auction mechanism, the proposed PI-GVA mechanism prevents market price collapse and stabilizes the market by a novel combinatorial winner selection strategy in which bidder’s participation is directly rewarded.
The three proposed mechanisms also achieve other desirable properties for auction mechanism such as light communication overhead needed to reach agreement between auctioneer and bidders, the simple bidder’s optimal strategy that is desirable for implementing an auction in electronic environments, and the distributed resources allocation.
Thin Film Growth of Superconducting Materials Using Sprayed Salt Solutions. (1987)

Abstract : A method for growing a high Tc superconductive oxide film of the general formula XZ2Cu3O6+x, wherein X is yttrium, a lanthanide or a mixture thereof, Z is one or more alkaline earth elements and x is a number between 0 and 1. A preferred method of the invention comprises the steps of: preparing an aqueous solution of the nitrates of X, Z and Cu in the X:Z:Cu stoichiometric ratio of 1:2:3; spraying the aqueous nitrate solution onto a substrate heated to a temperature between about 300 C and about 700 C to form a thin film of XZ2Cu3Oy material on the substrate, wherein y is an undefined number; annealing the XZ2Cu3Oy film on the substrate at a temperature between about 800 C and about 950 C in an oxygen-rich atmosphere for a time sufficient to convert the XZ2Cu3Oy film to a low Tc superconductive film. Patent Applications. (mjm)
Ultra-Low-Power Current Sensor Utilizing Magnetoelectric Nanowires (2020)

The fabrication and characterization of an ultra-low power current sensor utilizing magnetoelectric lead zirconate titanate/nickel zinc ferrite (PZT-NZF) nanowires is presented. Low-cost, low-temperature, and post-CMOS-compatible fabrication methods were utilized in the fabrication of a nanowire array. This array was electrically and mechanically flip-chip bonded onto a printed circuit board (PCB) with a current trace. The PCB also contained a low-power amplification circuit to provide buffering and a gain of 10. Characterization of the sensor up to 70 mA showed a sensitivity of 3.24 mV/mA, sensitivity error of 1.16%, nonlinearity of 4%, noise floor of <; 2 mA, and noise density of 8.4 nA Hz <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">-1/2</sup> at 1kHz. Lastly the only power consumption necessary for device operation was the power required for a low power op amp, 0.225 mW.
Cloning and Expression of a DNA Sequence Encoding a 41-Kilodalton <i>Cryptosporidium parvum</i> Oocyst Wall Protein (1999)

This study was conducted to produce a recombinant species-specific oocyst wall protein of Cryptosporidium parvum. Antigens unique to C. parvum were identified by gradient sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and immunoblotting of oocyst proteins from several different Cryptosporidium species. Antiserum was then prepared against a 41-kDa antigen unique to C. parvum and used to identify a recombinant DNA clone, designated rCP41. Expression of CP41 mRNA in C. parvum oocysts was confirmed by reverse transcriptase PCR (RT-PCR). Although the CP41 sequence was shown by PCR to be present in the genome of C. baileyi, CP41 mRNA was not detected in this species by RT-PCR. Immunofluorescence staining with antiserum against recombinant CP41 detected native CP41 antigen on the surface of C. parvum oocysts but failed to detect CP41 on C. baileyi oocysts. Immunoelectron microscopy demonstrated that native CP41 was distributed unevenly on the C. parvum oocyst surface and was associated with amorphous oocyst wall material. In an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, purified rCP41 performed as well as native C. parvum oocyst protein in measuring the serological responses of young calves and adult cows to experimental and natural C. parvum infections. These results indicate that recombinant CP41 antigen may have potential in the immunodiagnosis of cryptosporidiosis.
Porphyrin‐Tape/C<sub>60</sub> Organic Photodetectors with 6.5% External Quantum Efficiency in the Near Infrared (2010)

Several porphyrin-dimer tapelike molecule/C60 heterojunction detectors are investigated. Their extended π-electron systems provide photovoltaic response into the near infrared, with an external quantum efficiency of up to 6.5% at a wavelength of λ = 1350 nm. Additionally, a specific detectivity of D* = 1.6 × 1011 Jones at λ = 1090 nm, and (2.3 ± 0.1) × 1010 Jones at λ = 1350 nm are detected. The optical response time of the detectors is resistance–capacitance limited at 1.87 ± 0.03 ns.
Evaluation of Image Quality Improvements When Adding Patient Outline Constraints into a Generalized Scatter PET Reconstruction Algorithm (2013)

Scattered coincidences degrade image contrast and compromise quantitative accuracy in positron emission tomography (PET). A number of approaches to estimating and correcting scattered coincidences have been proposed, but most of them are based on estimating and subtracting a scatter sinogram from the measured data. We have previously shown that both true and scattered coincidences can be treated similarly by using Compton scattering kinematics to define a locus of scattering which may in turn be used to reconstruct the activity distribution using a generalized scatter maximum-likelihood expectation maximization (GS-MLEM) algorithm. The annihilation position can be further confined by taking advantage of the patient outline (or a geometrical shape that encompasses the patient outline). The proposed method was tested on a phantom generated using GATE. The results have shown that for scatter fractions of 10–60% this algorithm improves the contrast recovery coefficients (CRC) by 4 to 28.6% for a source and 5.1 to 40% for a cold source while the relative standard deviation (RSD) was reduced. Including scattered photons directly into the reconstruction eliminates the need for (often empirical) scatter corrections, and further improvements in the contrast and noise properties of the reconstructed images can be made by including the patient outline in the reconstruction algorithm as a constraint.
A CNS-Targeting Prodrug Strategy for Nuclear Receptor Modulators (2020)

The blood-brain barrier is a major impediment for targeted central nervous system (CNS) therapeutics, especially with carboxylic acid-containing drugs. Nuclear receptor modulators, which often feature carboxylic acid motifs for target engagement, have emerged as a class of potentially powerful therapeutics for neurodegenerative CNS diseases. Herein is described a prodrug strategy that directs the biodistribution of parent drug nuclear receptor modulators into the CNS while masking them as functional receptor ligands in the periphery. This prodrug strategy targets a specific amidase, fatty acid amide hydrolase (FAAH), an enzyme with enriched expression in the CNS. Our results demonstrate that this prodrug strategy can be generalized to a variety of carboxylic acid-containing drug structures that satisfy the structural requirements of blood-brain barrier diffusion and FAAH substrate recognition.
The Effect of Ca<sub>2</sub>PbO<sub>4</sub> Addition on Superconductivity in a Bi-Sr-Cu-O System (1989)

We examined the effect of Ca 2 PbO 4 addition on superconductivity in a Bi-Sr-Cu-O system. We determined that Ca 2 PbO 4 is formed in Bi-Pb-Sr-Ca-Cu-O at temperatures lower than 750°C on the basis of powder X-ray diffraction and micro-Raman scattering. A high- T c phase was synthesized by adding Ca 2 PbO 4 to the Bi-Sr-Cu-O system which has a single CuO layer. It seems that the synthesis process of the high- T c phase is based on a reaction between the low- T c structure and Ca 2+ in the liquid phase which is caused by decomposition of Ca 2 PbO 4 at 822°C.
Adaptive Gradient Balancing for Undersampled MRI Reconstruction and Image-to-Image Translation (2021)

Recent accelerated MRI reconstruction models have used Deep Neural Networks (DNNs) to reconstruct relatively high-quality images from highly undersampled k-space data, enabling much faster MRI scanning. However, these techniques sometimes struggle to reconstruct sharp images that preserve fine detail while maintaining a natural appearance. In this work, we enhance the image quality by using a Conditional Wasserstein Generative Adversarial Network combined with a novel Adaptive Gradient Balancing (AGB) technique that automates the process of combining the adversarial and pixel-wise terms and streamlines hyperparameter tuning. In addition, we introduce a Densely Connected Iterative Network, which is an undersampled MRI reconstruction network that utilizes dense connections. In MRI, our method minimizes artifacts, while maintaining a high-quality reconstruction that produces sharper images than other techniques. To demonstrate the general nature of our method, it is further evaluated on a battery of image-to-image translation experiments, demonstrating an ability to recover from sub-optimal weighting in multi-term adversarial training.