gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Three-level Active Neutral-Point-Clamped Zero-Current-Transition Converter for Sustainable Energy Systems (2011)

The widespread use of renewable energy resources brings forth a requirement for high-power, high-efficiency, high-control-bandwidth grid-tied converters. This paper proposes a three-level active neutral-point-clamped zero-current-transition (3L-ANPC ZCT) converter for the sustainable energy power conversion systems. The proposed multilevel soft-switching topology can effectively increase efficiency and switching frequency of the systems by almost eliminating turn-OFF losses and greatly reducing turn-ON losses of semiconductor devices. The soft commutations of the main devices are achieved with simple auxiliary circuit of two auxiliary switches and one LC resonant tank for each phase leg as in the case of a two-level ZCT converter. The voltage rating of the auxiliary switches is the same as main switches, and is clamped to half of dc voltage, while the current rating is much smaller. Furthermore, the auxiliary switches switch under zero-current condition and have no switching losses. Compared with existing three-level diode neutral-point-clamped zero-current-transition (3L-DNPC ZCT) converter, the number of components in auxiliary circuit is halved, so the volume and cost are reduced. In addition, the deterioration of the soft commutation due to the parasitic inductances in the 3L-DNPC ZCT inverter does not exist in the proposed topology. The operation principle and comparison with the 3L-DNPC ZCT are analyzed in detail in this paper. Eighty kilowatt half-bridge prototypes of the 3L-ANPC ZCT converter and the 3L-DNPC ZCT converter are built and their circuit operation and analysis are experimentally verified.
Enhanced catalytic reduction of para-nitrophenol using <i>α</i>-MoO<sub>3</sub> molybdenum oxide nanorods and stacked nanoplates as catalysts prepared from different precursors (2018)

Molybdenum oxide, α-MoO3, nanorods and stacked nanoplates were prepared from oxalate, citrate and tartrate precursors. These molybdenum oxides showed high efficiencies in the reduction of para-nitrophenol to para-aminophenol in the presence of NaBH4. The prepared precursors were first characterized by thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA) and then thermally decomposed at 350°C (oxalate precursor) and 550°C (citrate and tartrate precursors). The final oxides were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and the Braunauer–Emmet–Teller (BET) technique. The oxalate precursor is the most efficient catalyst for the reduction reaction.
Group Clustering Using Inter-Group Dissimilarities (2017)

Various systems have natural groupings. For instance in large scale distributed system, we can have groups of virtual and/or physical devices. A system can also have groups of time series datasets collected at different time intervals. Such groups are usually characterized by multidimensional metrics (features) set. Clustering such groups using their multidimensional datasets has various applications, such as identifying different performance levels for anomaly detection and load balancing. Traditional algorithms focus on clustering a single time series dataset and not on such groups with multidimensional metrics datasets. In this paper, we present the design, implementation and analysis of two sets of group clustering algorithms. The first set is called one-to-many as it generates clusters of groups by comparing each group against all other groups. The second set of algorithms is called pairwise as it generates the clusters of groups using pairwise group dissimilarity matrix. Both sets of algorithms first generate group dissimilarity weights using metric ranking algorithms. We implemented the group clustering algorithms by extending a well known machine learning package and using a front-end visualizer.We validated the clustering algorithms using real world datasets on the VMware vSAN product. Experimental results show that 7 out of the 8 proposed algorithms can generate expected clusters in at least 4 out of the 6 detailed experiments. In 5 out of the 6 experiments, 3 out of the 8 proposed algorithms can generate the expected clusters. One of the pairwise algorithms can generate the expected clusters in all 6 of the 6 experiments.
Differentially Methylated Plasticity Genes in the Amygdala of Young Primates Are Linked to Anxious Temperament, an at Risk Phenotype for Anxiety and Depressive Disorders (2023)

Children with an anxious temperament (AT) are at a substantially increased risk to develop anxiety and depression. The young rhesus monkey is ideal for studying the origin of human AT because it shares with humans the genetic, neural, and phenotypic underpinnings of complex social and emotional functioning. Heritability, functional imaging, and gene expression studies of AT in young monkeys revealed that the central nucleus of the amygdala (Ce) is a key environmentally sensitive substrate of this at risk phenotype. Because epigenetic marks (e.g., DNA methylation) can be modulated by environmental stimuli, these data led us to hypothesize a role for DNA methylation in the development of AT. To test this hypothesis, we used reduced representation bisulfite sequencing to examine the cross-sectional genome-wide methylation levels in the Ce of 23 age-matched monkeys (1.3 ± 0.2 years) phenotyped for AT. Because AT reflects a continuous trait-like variable, we used an analytical approach that is consistent with this biology to identify genes in the Ce with methylation patterns that predict AT. Expression data from the Ce of these same monkeys were then used to find differentially methylated candidates linked to altered gene regulation. Two genes particularly relevant to the AT phenotype were BCL11A and JAG1. These transcripts have well-defined roles in neurodevelopmental processes, including neurite arborization and the regulation of neurogenesis. Together, these findings represent a critical step toward understanding the effects of early environment on the neuromolecular mechanisms that underlie the risk to develop anxiety and depressive disorders.
An Efficient Method for Evaluating the Performance of MEMS IMUs (2006)

Advances in MEMS technology combined with the miniaturization of electronics, have made it possible to produce chip-based inertial sensor for use in measuring angular velocity and acceleration. These chips are small, lightweight, consume very little power and are extremely reliable. They have therefore found a wide spectrum of applications in the automotive and other industrial applications. Currently, new MEMS inertial sensors or IMUs developed by various manufacturers continue to emerge on the market. However, such sensors should be evaluated in terms of navigation performance. Common testing in the lab can provide parameters such as sensor noise density and bias instability but cannot predict the corresponding performance of a full navigation system. IMU/GPS field testing is the only way to evaluate the performance of MEMS IMUs especially when GPS signals are temporarily blocked. However, testing every MEMS sensor (or IMU) in the field is not practical since it is a time- consuming and costly task. Therefore, the main objective of this paper is the development of an efficient method for evaluating the navigation performance of any MEMS IMU using lab testing only. The developed method is based on using MEMS sensors static data signals to estimate the MEMS sensor errors. Hence, by grafting these errors into the signals of a high quality IMU (gyro drift of 0.005 deg/h), collected in a previously conducted typical field test, a quasi field dataset of the MEMS is obtained since the high quality IMU signals can be considered as the true inertial sensor. Such emulated MEMS IMU field data can then be processed with the corresponding GPS data collected in the same test to evaluate the MEMS IMU navigation performance. To test the efficiency of the proposed method, several land-vehicle kinematic datasets with GPS, a high-quality IMU and different MEMS IMUs were used. Static data of the same MEMS IMUs was collected and then the proposed method was applied. The performance of the MEMS IMU actual and emulated datasets is compared during several GPS signal blockage periods. The results show that both solutions have a similar behavior with an average difference of only 20% in terms of accumulated position drifts. This illustrates the usefulness of the proposed technique in addition to the cost and time savings.
Anti-CEA chimeric antigen receptor T cells in combination with suppressor cell targeting for the treatment of colorectal cancer peritoneal metastases (VAC7P.1043) (2015)

Abstract Colorectal peritoneal metastases (PM) is a grave condition in which tumor cells disseminate throughout the abdomen. Chimeric antigen receptor T cell (CAR-T) immunotherapy is a promising therapy for PM. We developed a novel regional delivery approach to maximize CAR-T efficacy against PM while limiting systemic toxicity. Murine tumor cells expressing CEA and luciferase were injected intraperitoneally (IP) in mice to induce PM (day 0). We injected murine anti-CEA CAR-T IP on days 3 and 6, alone or in combination with antibodies against Ly6G/Ly6C, PDL1 or GITR to target myeloid suppressor cells (MSC) or regulatory T cells (Treg), which we have shown to be present in PM. Tumor burden was measured by bioluminescence. In comparison to unmodified T cells, CAR-T alone mediated a 22-fold reduction of tumor burden (p=0.028). The combination of CAR-T with anti-PDL1, anti-GITR or anti-Ly6G/Ly6C treated groups showed 25-fold, 104-fold and 153-fold reductions, respectively. The CAR-T + anti-GITR and CAR-T + anti-Ly6G/Ly6C groups had a significantly better treatment response than CAR-T alone (p=0.005 and p=0.017). On days 8 and 10, CAR-T + anti-Ly6G/Ly6C tumor burdens dropped below detectable levels. Upon gross inspection, CAR-T treated mice did not have detectable tumor. Our findings demonstrate that targeting MSC and Treg in addition to regional IP CAR-T delivery represents a viable immunotherapeutic strategy that resulted in complete responses in mice with established PM.
Interstitial ultrasound heating applicator for MR-guided thermal therapy. (2001)

The ability to control the shape of thermal coagulation was investigated for various interstitial heating applicators incorporating planar transducers and device rotation. Magnetic-resonance-compatible interstitial ultrasound applicators were constructed and the effects of ultrasound power, frequency, scan rate and heating time on lesion radius were studied in heating experiments in excised liver tissue. Continuous thermal lesions were generated by scanning heating applicators over a 180 angular sector. The region of thermal coagulation was restricted to the prescribed sector. Lesion radius increased with acoustic power and heating time and decreased with increasing frequency. The relationship between the temperature distribution generated by the applicator and the resulting thermal lesion was assessed with MRI. Analysis of MR temperature maps revealed that the temperature distribution could be measured accurately within 2 mm from the surface of the applicator, and the boundary of thermal coagulation was defined by a temperature of 54 +/- 12 degrees C. Calculations of temperature distributions indicated that slower scan rates can overcome the tendency of perfusion to reduce the radius of thermal lesion. This applicator design and delivery strategy make conformal interstitial heating possible.
Characterization of the Cure of Diether-Linked Phthalonitrile Resins (1982)

New organic resin systems are in constant demand because of the increasing use of fiber-reinforced organic matrix composites to replace metallic components in weight-critical aerospace and advanced marine applications. High temperature capability, low moisture absorption, and improved storage and processing properties are emphasized for new composite matrix materials. Diether-linked phthalonitrile resins recently developed at NRL promise to meet these requirements and are being evaluated as potential candidates for such applications. The linking structure R in the monomers include bisphenol-A, bisphenol-S, bisphenol-A6F, resorcinol, hydroquinone and dihydroxybiphenol. The results of the characterization of cured phthalonitrile resins are presented. This includes their thermal properties from thermal gravimetric analysis and differential scanning calorimetry, spectroscopic properties from the infra-red and nuclear magnetic resonance techniques, and mechanical properties from torsional pendulum analysis and fracture mechanics evaluation.
The task matrix: an extensible framework for creating versatile humanoid robots (2006)

The successful acquisition and organization of a large number of skills for humanoid robots can be facilitated with a collection of performable tasks organized in a task matrix. Tasks in the matrix can utilize particular preconditions and in conditions to enable execution, motion trajectories to specify desired movement, and references to other tasks to perform subtasks. Interaction between the matrix and external modules such as goal planners is achieved via a high-level interface that categorizes a task using its semantics and execution parameters, allowing queries on the matrix to be performed using different selection criteria. Performable tasks are stored in an XML-based file format that can be readily edited and processed by other applications. In its current implementation, the matrix is populated with sets of primitive tasks (e.g. reaching, grasping, arm-waving) and macro tasks that reference multiple primitive tasks (pick-and-place and facing-and-waving)
Construction of 6-Amino-2,2-Dimethyl-3,4,6-Trisubstituted-2<i>H</i>-1-Benzopyran Library by Solid Phase Synthesis (2003)

We report the solid-phase library construction of 2000 analogues of 6-amino-2,2-dimethyl-3,4,6-trisubstituted-2H-1-benzopyran. The polymer-bound hydroxyalkoxychromanes 5, produced by nucleophilic reactions with various alcohols on epoxides generated in situ, served as key intermediates for subsequent diversification. Further reactions on these hydroxyalkoxychromanes 5 with various electrophiles, such as alkyl halides and acid halides, produced the desired 6-amino-2,2-dimethyl-3,4,6-trisubstituted-2H-1-benzopyran analogues 9, 10, and 11. The progress of reactions could be monitored as solid-bound intermediates by ATR-FTIR or HR-MAS-NMR spectroscopy. The final compounds, obtained in good yields and high purity upon cleavage from the resins, were characterized by LC/MS, HRMS, (1)H NMR, and (13)C NMR spectroscopy.
MinDelay: Low-latency Forwarding and Caching Algorithms for Information-Centric Networks (2017)

We present a new unified framework for minimizing congestion-dependent network cost in information-centric networks by jointly optimizing forwarding and caching strategies. As caching variables are integer-constrained, the resulting optimization problem is NP-hard. To make progress, we focus on a relaxed version of the optimization problem, where caching variables are allowed to be real-valued. We develop necessary optimality conditions for the relaxed problem, and leverage this result to design MinDelay, an adaptive and distributed joint forwarding and caching algorithm, based on the conditional gradient algorithm. The MinDelay algorithm elegantly yields feasible routing variables and integer caching variables at each iteration, and can be implemented in a distributed manner with low complexity and overhead. Over a wide range of network topologies, simulation results show that MinDelay typically has significantly better delay performance in the low to moderate request rate regions. Furthermore, the MinDelay and VIP algorithms complement each other in delivering superior delay performance across the entire range of request arrival rates.
Spectral Analysis of Post-imaging Seismic Data (2015)

Summary A migrated seismic image represents the spatially variable reflectivity of the medium where migration effectively rotates the wavelet to be normal to the imaged reflectors. While this is the general case, it is often disregarded, and one-dimensional spectral analysis of the vertical coordinate is commonly used. We show that spectral processing of post-imaging data in the direction normal to the reflectors provides accurate results for steep and complex structures. We introduce the concept of Orthogonal-Image-Gathers (OIGs) which facilitate this approach while providing a platform for handling spatially variable spectral distortions due to the velocity field and other medium-related properties.
Gate assisted turn-off thyristor with cathode shunts and dynamic gate (1976)

A 1000V, 200A gate-assisted turn-off thyristor (GATT) is described that was developed for, and is being used in, circuitry for space applications requiring high efficiency and reliability as well as small size and weight. The design features include an interdigitated shunted cathode, a dynamic gate, a means for optimizing the carrier lifetime level, and a bypass diode. The bypass diode is necessary to permit the combination of both dynamic turn-on and gate-assisted turn-off in the same device. Two versions of this diode are described. The device physics of gate-assisted turn-off will be reviewed. Based on this, improvements in the design will be described. It is shown that a prime failure mode can be eliminated and that the gate-assist signal voltage can be substantially decreased by employing a shunted cathode emitter. The test data show excellent turn-on characteristics due to the dynamic gate and the long perimeter of the edge of the main cathode. Turn-off times as short as 3 µsec are obtained. The effect of the gate-assist current on the turn-off time is described. The combination of controlling the carrier lifetime with a precisely controlled and easily variable irradiation dose of high energy electrons with gate assist current provides for simple, precision tailoring of the device characteristics to the intended application.
Automation and heat transfer characterization of immersion mode spectroscopy for analysis of ice nucleating particles (2017)

Abstract. Ice nucleating particles (INPs) influence cloud properties and can affect the overall precipitation efficiency. Developing a parameterization of INPs in global climate models has proven challenging. More INP measurements – including studies of their spatial distribution, sources and sinks, and fundamental freezing mechanisms – must be conducted in order to further improve INP parameterizations. In this paper, an immersion mode INP measurement technique is modified and automated using a software-controlled, real-time image stream designed to leverage optical changes of water droplets to detect freezing events. For the first time, heat transfer properties of the INP measurement technique are characterized using a finite-element-analysis-based heat transfer simulation to improve accuracy of INP freezing temperature measurement. The heat transfer simulation is proposed as a tool that could be used to explain the sources of bias in temperature measurements in INP measurement techniques and ultimately explain the observed discrepancies in measured INP freezing temperatures between different instruments. The simulation results show that a difference of +8.4 °C between the well base temperature and the headspace gas results in an up to 0.6 °C stratification of the aliquot, whereas a difference of +4.2 °C or less results in a thermally homogenous water volume within the error of the thermal probe, ±0.2 °C. The results also show that there is a strong temperature gradient in the immediate vicinity of the aliquot, such that without careful placement of temperature probes, or characterization of heat transfer properties of the water and cooling environment, INP measurements can be biased toward colder temperatures. Based on a modified immersion mode technique, the Automated Ice Spectrometer (AIS), measurements of the standard test dust illite NX are reported and compared against six other immersion mode droplet assay techniques featured in Hiranuma et al. (2015) that used wet suspensions. AIS measurements of illite NX INP freezing temperatures compare reasonably with others, falling within the 5 °C spread in reported spectra. The AIS as well as its characterization of heat transfer properties allows higher confidence in accuracy of freezing temperature measurement, allows higher throughput of sample analysis, and enables disentanglement of the effects of heat transfer rates on sample volumes from time dependence of ice nucleation.
DNA Replicons for Plant Genome Engineering   (2014)

Abstract Sequence-specific nucleases enable facile editing of higher eukaryotic genomic DNA; however, targeted modification of plant genomes remains challenging due to ineffective methods for delivering reagents for genome engineering to plant cells. Here, we use geminivirus-based replicons for transient expression of sequence-specific nucleases (zinc-finger nucleases, transcription activator–like effector nucleases, and the clustered, regularly interspaced, short palindromic repeat/Cas system) and delivery of DNA repair templates. In tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum), replicons based on the bean yellow dwarf virus enhanced gene targeting frequencies one to two orders of magnitude over conventional Agrobacterium tumefaciens T-DNA. In addition to the nuclease-mediated DNA double-strand breaks, gene targeting was promoted by replication of the repair template and pleiotropic activity of the geminivirus replication initiator proteins. We demonstrate the feasibility of using geminivirus replicons to generate plants with a desired DNA sequence modification. By adopting a general plant transformation method, plantlets with a desired DNA change were regenerated in &lt;6 weeks. These results, in addition to the large host range of geminiviruses, advocate the use of replicons for plant genome engineering.
Magnetic annealing of amorphous alloys (1975)

Amorphous alloys with nominal composition of Ni <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">40</inf> Fe <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">40</inf> P <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">14</inf> B <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">6</inf> are shown to respond to annealing in a magnetic field. Coercive forces are reduced by a factor of 10 to 50 during annealing of straight ribbons to values of 0.003 Oe, as low as ever reported for potentially useful materials. Concurrently the ratio of the magnetization in 1 Oe applied field, to saturation, increases from about 0.5 to 0.95. These changes during annealing correlate with measured stress relief changes. It thus appears that most of the strain-magnetostriction contribution to the anisotropy is removed during annealing. Magnetic annealing at temperatures as low as 100°C results in noticeable changes in properties. From measurements transverse to the magneticaliy induced anisotropy axis, the induced anisotropy is calculated to be about 800 ergs/cm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3</sup> , considerably smaller than obtained in crystalline Ni <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">50</inf> Fe <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">50</inf> . This field-induced anisotropy is reversible in direction and magnitude by reheating the sample to its Curie temperature and then cooling in a field. Annealing of 1.5 cm diameter toroids, made from 50 μm thick tapes, increases the initial permeability by more than a factor of 10 and decreases losses by more than a factor of 10. Losses and permeabilities after heat treatment compare favorably to the Permalloys with similar saturation magnetizations.