gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Intrinsic and Extrinsically Limited Thermoelectric Transport within Semiconducting Single‐Walled Carbon Nanotube Networks (2019)

Abstract Doped networks of semiconducting single‐walled carbon nanotubes (s‐SWCNTs) have recently demonstrated high thermoelectric (TE) power factors and figures of merit. Efforts to further improve the TE performance of s‐SWCNT networks hinge upon deeper understanding of the mechanisms underlying charge transport. This study explores the dependence of conductivity, thermopower, and resulting TE power factor on carrier density and temperature in s‐SWCNT networks. Careful control of charge‐carrier density illustrates a distinct transition between transport that is limited by energetic barriers between nanotube bundles to an “intrinsic” regime where these barriers are small enough to reveal the intrinsic transport mechanism of the nanotubes. Transport is activated in the s‐SWCNT networks, although a critical survey of the literature demonstrates that the activation energies in s‐SWCNT networks are appreciably smaller than typical semiconducting polymers. At high conductivity, transport behavior is consistent with deformation potential scattering. The analysis demonstrates that mitigation of the “extrinsic” limitations to transport (e.g., inter‐nanotube junctions), and the concomitant reduction of conductivity activation energies, can lead to at least a doubling of the TE power factor. Further comparison to prototypical semiconducting polymers demonstrates that this strategy likely represents a general design principle for improving the TE performance of organic materials.
A recombinant platform for flavivirus vaccines and diagnostics using chimeras of a new insect-specific virus (2019)

Flaviviruses such as dengue, yellow fever, Zika, West Nile, and Japanese encephalitis virus present substantial global health burdens. New vaccines are being sought to address safety and manufacturing issues associated with current live attenuated vaccines. Here, we describe a new insect-specific flavivirus, Binjari virus, which was found to be remarkably tolerant for exchange of its structural protein genes (prME) with those of the aforementioned pathogenic vertebrate-infecting flaviviruses (VIFs). Chimeric BinJ/VIF-prME viruses remained replication defective in vertebrate cells but replicated with high efficiency in mosquito cells. Cryo-electron microscopy and monoclonal antibody binding studies illustrated that the chimeric BinJ/VIF-prME virus particles were structurally and immunologically similar to their parental VIFs. Pilot manufacturing in C6/36 cells suggests that high yields can be reached up to 10<sup>9.5</sup> cell culture infectious dose/ml or ≈7 mg/liter. BinJ/VIF-prME viruses showed utility in diagnostic (microsphere immunoassays and ELISAs using panels of human and equine sera) and vaccine applications (illustrating protection against Zika virus challenge in murine IFNAR<sup>-/-</sup> mouse models). BinJ/VIF-prME viruses thus represent a versatile, noninfectious (for vertebrate cells), high-yield technology for generating chimeric flavivirus particles with low biocontainment requirements.
Bandwidth reduction for stereoscopic video signals (2000)

The bandwidth required to transmit stereoscopic video signals is nominally twice that required for standard, monoscopic images. An effective method of reducing the required bandwidth is to code the two video streams asymmetrically. We assessed the impact of this bandwidth- reduction technique on image quality and overall sensation of depth. Images from the right-eye stream were spatially filtered on image quality and overall sensation of depth. Images from the right-eye stream were stream were spatially filtered to half and quarter resolution. Subsequently, the images were processed using an MPEG-2 codec at bit-rates of 6, 2, and 1 Mbit/s. Subjects assessed image quality and depth using a double-stimulus, continuous-quality scale method. It was found that perceived depth was relatively robust to spatial filtering and bit-rate reduction. Image quality was affected more by bit-rate reduction than by spatial filtering and, at the lower bit rates, ratings were much higher for stereoscopic than for non-stereoscopic sequences. The results indicate that asymmetrical coding of stereoscopic sequences can be an effective means of reducing bandwidth for storage and transmission.
Flavonoid Dimers as Bivalent Modulators for Pentamidine and Sodium StiboglucanateResistance in <i>Leishmania</i> (2006)

Drug resistance by overexpression of ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporters is an impediment in the treatment of leishmaniasis. Flavonoids are known to reverse multidrug resistance (MDR) in Leishmania and mammalian cancers by inhibiting ABC transporters. Here, we found that synthetic flavonoid dimers with three (compound 9c) or four (compound 9d) ethylene glycol units exhibited a significantly higher reversing activity than other shorter or longer ethylene glycol-ligated dimers, with approximately 3-fold sensitization of pentamidine and sodium stibogluconate (SSG) resistance in Leishmania, respectively. This modulatory effect was dosage dependent and not observed in apigenin monomers with the linker, suggesting that the modulatory effect is due to its bivalent nature. The mechanism of reversal activity was due to increased intracellular accumulation of pentamidine and total antimony in Leishmania. Compared to other MDR modulators such as verapamil, reserpine, quinine, quinacrine, and quinidine, compounds 9c and 9d were the only agents that can reverse SSG resistance. In terms of reversing pentamidine resistance, 9c and 9d have activities comparable to those of reserpine and quinacrine. Modulators 9c and 9d exhibited reversal activity on pentamidine resistance among LeMDR1(-/-), LeMDR1(+/+), and LeMDR1-overexpressed mutants, suggesting that these modulators are specific to a non-LeMDR1 pentamidine transporter. The LeMDR1 copy number is inversely related to pentamidine resistance, suggesting that it might be involved in importing pentamidine into the mitochondria. In summary, bivalency could be a useful strategy for the development of more potent ABC transporter modulators and flavonoid dimers represent a promising reversal agent for overcoming pentamidine and SSG resistance in parasite Leishmania.
Studies of the Use of Gyrotropic and Anisotropic Materials for Mode Conversion in Thin-Film Optical-Waveguide Applications (1972)

Wave propagation in thin-film optical waveguides using gyrotropic or anisotropic material as substrate is studied. At the film-substrate boundary, the relation between the incident and reflected fields can be expressed in terms of a scattering matrix with matrix elements representing the TE-to-TE and TM-to-TM reflection coefficients and the TE-to-TM and TM-to-TE conversion factors. The property of the scattering matrix is examined, and the condition for continuous and complete mode conversion is derived. Various schemes to achieve complete mode conversion are proposed and the performance characteristics, including the physical dimension and the tolerances in the incident angle and film thickness, for several mode-converting structures are computed and compared. Once the practicability of complete mode conversion is established, it is possible to study the feasibility of practical devices. Various schemes for the realization of such devices as the gyrator, the isolator, the optical switch, and the nondestructive read out are proposed.
An adaptive observer design methodology for bounded nonlinear processes (2004)

In this paper we address the problem of augmenting a linear observer with an adaptive element. The design of the adaptive element employs two nonlinearly parameterized neural networks, the input and output layer weights of which are adapted on line. The goal is to improve the performance of the linear observer when applied to a nonlinear system. The networks teaching signal is generated using a second linear observer of the nominal systems error dynamics. Boundedness of signals is shown through Lyapunov's direct method. The approach is robust to unmodeled dynamics and disturbances. Simulations illustrate the theoretical results.
ChemInform Abstract: A One‐Pot Transformation of Ketones into N‐(Meth)acryloyl‐2‐amino Acids. (1988)

Abstract The carbonyl compounds (I) are converted to the α‐amino nitriles (III) which are directly coupled with the acryloyl chlorides (IV) to produce the acrylamido nitriles (V).
A Spectrally Selective Shutter In Proximity To Focal Plane (1985)

This paper describes a repetitive spectrally selective shutter that can be installed between the optics and the focal plane to eliminate the requirement for covering the entire optical aperture with a large revolving filter. The optomechanical method used provides rapid "snap-shot" imagery by varying the tilt angle of one or two narrow-bandpass filters, v) that open aperture occurs only when their spectral transmission bands coincide. An optical design configuration allows the spectral shuttering to be performed in the same location normally designated for a chopper wheel. Under these conditions, spectral filter size needs only to encompass focal plane dimensions, rather than match optical aperture diameter as previously required. Ray trace diagrams and graphic plots of transmission versus time and angle are presented which analytically predict the effectiveness of this technique. These results are further substantiated by experimental data obtained in the laboratory. In addition, geometrical, dimensional, and material requirements for optimum two-filter performance are analyzed in detail, together with allowable tolerances.
Excellent Negative Differential Resistance of InAlAs/InGaAs Resonant Tunneling Barrier Structures Grown by MBE (1986)

Light electron effective mass was found to be a very important parameter for improving the negative differential resistance (NDR) of a resonant tunneling barrier (RTB) structure. An InAlAs (41 Å)/InGaAs (61.5 Å)/InAlAs (41 Å) RTB structure, lattice-matched to Ink, has been grown for the first time by MBE and dramatically improved NDR has been achieved. Peak current density as high as 2.2×10 4 A/cm 2 with an excellent peak-to-valley current ratio of 11.7 was obtained at 77 K, which is the best data ever reported so far for any RTB structures.
Coal hydrogenation with selective recycle of liquid to reactor. [product fractionation and recycle to optimize production of components boiling in the 400 to 800/sup 0/F range] (1977)

Coal is hydrogenated in an upflow, random motion, gas-liquid-catalyst process in which the heavy liquids (800 to 1000/sup 0/F) are recycled to the reactor to optimize production of preferred 400 to 800/sup 0/F boiling range end product liquids. The optimization is accomplished by not recycling to the reactor any liquid fraction boiling between about 600 and 800/sup 0/F.
A Motorized Robotic Walker for Human Walking Assistance (2017)

Impaired mobility is ranked as one of the most important factors that have both physical and mental impacts on patients’ life [1]. The impacts are especially serious for the rapidly expanding elderly population in the United States, which is expected to reach 71 million, approximately 20% of the total population, by 2030 [2]. Existing assistive tools, such as cane and walker/rollator, are helpful for such mobility-challenged individuals by providing additional support in walking. However, such tools also disrupt the users’ walking rhythm and increase their metabolic energy consumption. Wheelchairs, especially powered wheelchairs, are also used extensively among this population. Although wheelchairs are effective in transporting patients, they largely preclude the users’ lower limb muscle activities and bone load-carrying, and accelerate the musculoskeletal degeneration of the user’s lower limb [3]. To address the issues with existing assistive tools, the authors developed a new motorized robotic walker for mobility-challenged users. With the objective of assisting the users’ ambulation in a safe and convenient way, the robotic walker features two independently controlled wheels for the maneuverability of the robot, and two parallel bars for the user support in walking. Unlike similar robotic walkers in prior works (e.g. [4]), no wearable sensors are required for the user. Instead, a 3D computer vision system is used to measure the relative position of the user versus the robot, and the control commands are generated accordingly. The details of the robot design and control are presented in subsequent section.
Genetic Immunization With In Vivo Dendritic Cell-targeting Liposomal DNA Vaccine Carrier Induces Long-lasting Antitumor Immune Response (2015)

A major limiting factor retarding the clinical success of dendritic cell (DC)-based genetic immunizations (DNA vaccination) is the scarcity of biologically safe and effective carrier systems for targeting the antigen-encoded DNA vaccines to DCs under in vivo settings. Herein, we report on a potent, mannose receptor selective in vivo DC-targeting liposomes of a novel cationic amphiphile with mannose-mimicking shikimoyl head-group. Flow cytometric experiments with cells isolated from draining lymph nodes of mice s.c. immunized with lipoplexes of pGFP plasmid (model DNA vaccine) using anti-CD11c antibody-labeled magnetic beads revealed in vivo DC-targeting properties of the presently described liposomal DNA vaccine carrier. Importantly, s.c. immunizations of mice with electrostatic complex of the in vivo DC-targeting liposome and melanoma antigen-encoded DNA vaccine (p-CMV-MART1) induced long-lasting antimelanoma immune response (100 days post melanoma tumor challenge) with remarkable memory response (more than 6 months after the second tumor challenge). The presently described direct in vivo DC-targeting liposomal DNA vaccine carrier is expected to find future exploitations toward designing effective vaccines for various infectious diseases and cancers.
Equivalent EMF based position observers for sensorless synchronous machines (2010)

This paper provides a simple, robust, and universal position observer for position sensorless control of synchronous machines. The observer is designed using an equivalent EMF model of a synchronous machine or, alternately, using a sliding mode controller based on the equivalent EMF model. The sliding mode observer provides fast convergence and low sensitivity to parameter variations. Experimental results with a 5-hp Interior Permanent Magnet (IPM) machine have validated the effectiveness of the proposed equivalent EMF theory.
Comparative study of ZnO and GaN films grown by MOCVD (2005)

ZnO and GaN films were grown by MOCVD. AFM, DCXRD and photoluminescence were used to study the surface morphologies, structural and optical properties of the films. By a comparison of the measurement results, it was shown that the structural and optical properties of the ZnO films are superior to the GaN films. The (102) FWHM and the free/bound exciton intensity ratio of the ZnO films are the best results ever reported for ZnO films. To evaluate the overall quality of the GaN films, an InGaN/GaN MQW LED was fabricated and the LED showed good I-V characteristics and its light output power was 6 mW at 20 mA, which indicated the good quality of the GaN layers and then indirectly suggested the high quality of the ZnO films.
Tuning bands of PbSe for better thermoelectric efficiency (2013)

Improving the thermoelectric performance of PbSe over its previously reported maximum zT can be achieved by engineering its electronic band structure. We demonstrate here, using optical absorption spectra, first principles calculations, and temperature dependent transport measurements, that alloying PbSe with SrSe leads to a dramatic change of the band structure that increases the thermoelectric figure of merit, zT. The temperature where the two valence bands converge decreases with Sr addition. The zT value, when the carrier density is optimized, increases with Sr addition in Pb1−xSrxSe and when x = 0.08 a maximum zT of 1.5 at 900 K is achieved. The net benefit in zT comes from the band structure tuning even though in other thermoelectric solid solutions it is the thermal conductivity reduction from disorder that leads to net zT improvement.
A simple data link protocol for high-speed packet networks (2002)

Many popular point-to-point data link protocols use the high-level data link control (HDLC) framing mechanism, which delineates protocol data units (PDUs) by means of a special bit pattern or flag. When such a flag occurs in the payload portion of a frame, an escape byte used to pad the transmitted byte stream enables the receiver to differentiate between a true framing flag and an occurrence of the flag pattern in the user information. The need to process each byte in the incoming byte stream to identify the flag pattern makes this frame delineation method increasingly more complex and expensive to implement as the interface speed increases. In addition, the byte stuffing operation performed when the flag pattern appears in the user information stream expands the carried traffic, interfering with quality of service (QoS) management procedures and making the link susceptible to malicious attacks. These factors limit the scalability and QoS management capabilities of the flag-based data link protocols, particularly at high link rates. The increasing popularity of the packet over SONET (POS) protocol stack makes it desirable to find alternative framing protocols. In this paper, we present a simple data link (SDL) protocol. Based on using a Length Indicator field and a header cyclic redundancy check (CRC), rather than a flag, to delineate frames, SDL is inherently scalable to high speeds and provides constant transmission overhead. We discuss the error control, delineation, and resynchronization mechanisms used by SDL, and we describe a link scrambler designed to protect against malicious attacks that attempt to generate very low bit transition density on the line. We also present additional link control functions designed to make SDL suitable for next-generation multiservice networks.
Spectral phase encoding and decoding using fiber Bragg gratings (2003)

We demonstrate a new all-fiber technique for coherent spectral encoding and decoding based on temporal-spectral dispersion and recombination using suitably chirped fiber Bragg gratings. The application potential to optical-code division multiple access telecommunication is discussed.
Enhanced Atom Interferometer Readout through the Application of Phase Shear (2013)

We present a method for determining the phase and contrast of a single shot of an atom interferometer. The application of a phase shear across the atom ensemble yields a spatially varying fringe pattern at each output port, which can be imaged directly. This method is broadly relevant to atom-interferometric precision measurement, as we demonstrate in a 10 m 87Rb atomic fountain by implementing an atom-interferometric gyrocompass with 10 mdeg precision.
A Flexible Cystoscope Holder/Surgical Retractor that Really Works (1987)

Stabilization of equipment during endoscopic procedures frequently presents a problem. Most attempts to anchor a cystoscope have been cumbersome or have afforded transient stability. We describe an easily adjustable, flexible cystoscope holder that may be attached readily and locked in place after positioning. The unique open-sided clamp allows for a firm but delicate grasp of fiberoptic instruments. In addition to this function the flexible cystoscope holder may be adapted easily to become a surgical retractor. Our experience with this instrument has led to greater versatility during endoscopic and open procedures.
Sub-Nyquist Sampling of Short Pulses (2011)

We develop sub-Nyquist sampling systems for analog signals comprised of several, possibly overlapping, finite duration pulses with unknown shapes and time positions. Efficient sampling schemes when either the pulse shape or the locations of the pulses are known have been previously developed. To the best of our knowledge, stable and low-rate sampling strategies for continuous signals that are superpositions of unknown pulses without knowledge of the pulse locations have not been derived. The goal in this paper is to fill this gap. We propose a multichannel scheme based on Gabor frames that exploits the sparsity of signals in time and enables sampling multipulse signals at sub-Nyquist rates. Moreover, if the signal is additionally essentially multiband, then the sampling scheme can be adapted to lower the sampling rate without knowing the band locations. We show that, with proper preprocessing, the necessary Gabor coefficients, can be recovered from the samples using standard methods of compressed sensing. In addition, we provide error estimates on the reconstruction and analyze the proposed architecture in the presence of noise.
Reply to ‘‘Comments on ‘Unidirectional, second-order gradient microphone’ ’’ [J. Acoust. Soc. Am. <b>9</b> <b>2</b>, 583 x584 (1992)] (1992)

A statement by Korenbaum [J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 91, XXX–XXX (1992)] referring to ‘‘ a more sophisticated choice’’ of a design parameter of directional gradient microphones is questioned.
Dynamics of endoscopic snares: a new approach towards more practical and objective performance evaluation (2020)

Endoscopic resection using polypectomy snares is a standard method for treating gastrointestinal polyps. However, because few systems can objectively evaluate the capabilities of these snares, endoscopists tend to use them according to their personal preference. We developed a novel objective experimental system to evaluate the dynamic performance of these snares and evaluated their feasibility and reproducibility.
Enhancement of temperature stability via constant-structural-resistance control for MEMS resonators (2013)

In this work, we proposed a methodology to enhance thermal stability of MEMS resonators by the use of a constant-structural-resistance control where temperature coefficient of resistivity (TC <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">R</sub> ) of the MEMS resonator serves as an instrinsic temperature sensor, thus leading to a constant structural temperature to greatly alleviate the frequency drifts due to change of ambient temperature. As a proof of concept, the effective temperature coefficient of frequency (TC <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">f</sub> ) was measured under a manual control of bias power with one-point calibration to maintain constant structural resistance, ultimately demonstrating up to 46 times improvement of temperature stability as compared to uncompensated counterparts. This technology prevents the use of external temperature sensors or reference resonators with which errors occur due to indirect temperature measurement of the active MEMS resonator. Notably, this technology is well suited for all kinds of MEMS resonators featuring proper temperature-dependent structural resistance, such as capacitive, piezoresistive, piezoelectric, and thermal-piezoresistive silicon-based resonators.
From Poncelet's invariance principle to Active Disturbance Rejection (2009)

This is a brief survey of a little known field of disturbance estimation and subsequent cancellation, a field with a long history and is still rather disorganized. Researchers and results are scattered over almost two centuries, across East and West: from Jean-Victor Poncelet's Principle of Invariance in 1829, to Jingqing Han's conception of Active Disturbance Rejection in 1995 and beyond. But the field in recent years is maturing and coming into a focus with significant practical and theoretical implications abound. It provides a powerful alternative to the modern control paradigm in how real world control problems, of which disturbance rejection is a central theme, are viewed and solved. In this paper a reader will find a brief history of ideas, a new, unifying, problem formulation, and a summary of recent stability analysis results.