gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Acoustic-Based Emergency Vehicle Detection Using Convolutional Neural Networks (2020)

This work investigates how to detect emergency vehicles such as ambulances, fire engines, and police cars based on their siren sounds. Recognizing that car drivers may sometimes be unaware of the siren warnings from the emergency vehicles, especially when in-vehicle audio systems are used, we propose to develop an automatic detection system that determines whether there are siren sounds from emergency vehicles nearby to alert other vehicles' drivers to pay attention. A convolutional neural network (CNN)-based ensemble model (SirenNet) with two network streams is designed to classify sounds of traffic soundscape to siren sounds, vehicle horns, and noise, in which the first stream (WaveNet) directly processes raw waveform, and the second one (MLNet) works with a combined feature formed by MFCC (Mel-frequency cepstral coefficients) and log-mel spectrogram. Our experiments conducted on a diverse dataset show that the raw data can complement the MFCC and log-mel features to achieve a promising accuracy of 98.24% in the siren sound detection. In addition, the proposed system can work very well with variable input length. Even for short samples of 0.25 seconds, the system still achieves a high accuracy of 96.89%. The proposed system could be helpful for not only drivers but also autopilot systems.
Structural and optical properties of GaAlInAs lattice matched to InP grown by low-pressure metalorganic vapor phase epitaxy (1988)

We report for the first time, the metalorganic vapor phase epitaxy (MOVPE) growth of the quaternary alloy GaxAlyIn1−x−yAs, lattice matched to InP. Single epitaxial layers were prepared showing specular morphologies and lattice matching within Δa/a=10−3. Epilayers showed a high degree of crystallinity with routine x-ray linewidths of 20–40 seconds of arc. The lowest linewidth achieved was 22 seconds of arc. Room temperature and 4 K photoluminescence (PL) studies demonstrated very narrow excitonic transitions with ΔE at 4 K down to 5.4 meV. Band-gap energies, obtained from the absorption edge and PL peak energies, plotted against Al composition showed that the alloy was best described by a straight line relationship between the ternary end points, Ga0.47In0.53As and Al0.48In0.52As with no bowing observed.
Color Image Segmentation that Preserves Boundary by using Mean Shift Algorithm and Region Merging Method (2006)

Mean shift algorithm is a nonparametric statistical method for seeking the main modes of a point sample distribution. This process achieves a high quality, discontinuity preserving spatial filtering. For the segmentation task, the convergence points sufficiently close in the joint domain are fused to obtain the homogeneous regions in the image. However, a color image is segmented differently according to the inputted spatial parameter or range parameter and the image is broken into many small regions in case of the small parameter. In this paper, to improve this demerit, we propose the method that groups similar regions using region merging method for oversegmented images. The proposed method converts an over-segmented image in RGB color space into in HSI color space and merges similar regions by hue information. Here, to preserve edge information, the proposed method use by region merging constraints to decide whether regions is merged or not. After then, we merge the regions in RGB color space for nonprocessed regions in HSI color space. Experimental results show the proposed method is superior to conventional methods in region's segmentation results.
Tumor necrosis factor-α and the failing human heart-TNFα and heart failure (1995)

Tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF alpha) is a proinflammatory cytokine with negative inotropic effects. Recently, elevated levels of TNF alpha have been identified in patients with advanced heart failure. Although the clinical significance of this finding is unclear at present, there is increasing evidence that this cytokine may play a primary pathophysiologic role in the development and pathogenesis of heart failure in humans. Indeed, many of the clinical hallmarks of heart failure, including left ventricular dysfunction, cardiomyopathy, and pulmonary edema can be explained by the known biological effects of TNF alpha in humans. The present review will summarize recent evidence with regard to the biological role for TNF alpha in the adult mammalian heart, as well as summarize the increasing body of clinical information that implicates this cytokine in the pathophysiology of heart failure.
High-Accuracy Robotic Drilling/Milling of 737 Inboard Flaps (2011)

<div class="section abstract"><div class="htmlview paragraph">The processes of drilling and milling Boeing 737 inboard flaps at Triumph Aerostructures have been enhanced by an accurate articulated robotic system. Tool point positioning is handled by an off-the-shelf 6-axis KUKA KR360 robot riding on a linear axis. Each of the 7 axes is enhanced with secondary position encoders. A single process head performs all required functions, including one-sided pressure application, touch probing, barcode scanning, drilling/countersinking, measurement of hole diameter and countersink depth, and face milling. The system is controlled by a Siemens 840Dsl CNC which handles all process functions, robot motion, and executes software technologies developed for superior positional accuracy including enhanced kinematics, automated normality correction, and anti-skid correction. The layout of the assembly cell allows the robot to span four fixture zones. Part programs are generated offline in the Catia environment using an offline programming and simulation package.</div></div>
Protective effects of transduced Tat-DJ-1 protein against oxidative stress and ischemic brain injury (2012)

Reactive oxygen species (ROS) contribute to the development of a number of neuronal diseases including ischemia. DJ-1, also known to PARK7, plays an important role in transcriptional regulation, acting as molecular chaperone and antioxidant. In the present study, we investigated whether DJ-1 protein shows a protective effect against oxidative stress-induced neuronal cell death in vitro and in ischemic animal models in vivo. To explore DJ-1 protein's potential role in protecting against ischemic cell death, we constructed cell permeable Tat-DJ-1 fusion proteins. Tat-DJ-1 protein efficiently transduced into neuronal cells in a doseand time-dependent manner. Transduced Tat-DJ-1 protein increased cell survival against hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) toxicity and also reduced intracellular ROS. In addition, Tat-DJ-1 protein inhibited DNA fragmentation induced by H2O2. Furthermore, in animal models, immunohistochemical analysis revealed that Tat-DJ-1 protein prevented neuronal cell death induced by transient forebrain ischemia in the CA1 region of the hippocampus. These results demonstrate that transduced Tat-DJ-1 protein protects against cell death in vitro and in vivo, suggesting that the transduction of Tat-DJ-1 may be useful as a therapeutic agent for ischemic injuries related to oxidative stress.
Sequence Variation of the Hydroxymethyldihydropterin Pyrophosphokinase: Dihydropteroate Synthase Gene in Lines of the Human Malaria Parasite, <i>Plasmodium falciparum</i>, with Differing Resistance to Sulfadoxine (1994)

Dihydropteroate synthase (H2Pte synthase) is the target of the sulfur-based antimalarial drugs, which are frequently used in synergistic combination with inhibitors of dihydrofolate reductase (H2folate reductase) to combat chloroquine-resistant malaria. We have isolated the H2Pte synthase coding sequence of the most pathogenic human parasite Plasmodium falciparum. It forms part of a longer coding sequence, located on chromosome 8, that also specifies 6-hydroxymethyl-7,8-dihydropterin pyrophosphokinase (CH2OH-H2pterinPP kinase) at its 5' proximal end. This domain is unusually large, with two long insertions relative to other CH2OH-H2pterinPP kinase molecules. To investigate a possible genetic basis for clinical resistance to sulfa drugs, we sequenced the complete H2Pte synthase domains from eleven isolates of P. falciparum with diverse geographical origins and levels of sulfadoxine resistance. Overall, point mutations in five positions were observed, affecting four codons. Parasite lines exhibiting high-level resistance were found to carry either a double mutation, altering both Ser436 and Ala613, or a single mutation affecting Ala581. The mutations at positions 436 and 581 have the same location relative to each of two degenerate repeated amino acid motifs that are conserved across all other known H2Pte synthase molecules. The amino acid alteration at residue 613 is identically positioned relative to a different conserved motif. The fourth amino acid residue (437) affected by mutation, though adjacent to the apparently crucial residue 436, shows no obvious correlation with resistance. Although these mutations have no exact counterparts in any other organism, that at position 581 falls within a region of three amino acids where H2Pte synthase is modified in various ways in a number of sulfonamide-resistant pathogenic bacteria. Copy-number analysis indicated that there was no amplification of the H2Pte synthase domain in resistant parasite lines of P. falciparum, compared to sensitive lines.
Inhibition of H1N1 influenza virus infection by zinc oxide nanoparticles: another emerging application of nanomedicine (2019)

Taken together, our study indicated that PEGylated ZnO-NPs could be a novel, effective, and promising antiviral agent against H1N1 influenza virus infection, and future studies can be designed to explore the exact antiviral mechanism of these nanoparticles.
Multiple Perspectives on Economic Rationalism and the New Managerialism: Power and Public Interest? (2000)

The economic rationalist, new managerialist (ERNM) paradigm of public management, based on neo-classical economics is promoted as offering potential benefits for all. It could be argued that adoption of an ERNM-directed framework by governments favors power elites at the expense of the rest of the community. In this environment, the rhetoric of wider opportunity may be used simply for electoral purposes to persuade the polity that there is some egalitarian benefit from adherence to such a paradigm. Another interpretation suggests that political elites have been unwittingly persuaded by the rhetoric of the business and intellectual neo-liberalists to develop strategic public governance frameworks that favor them. The third possibility is that altruism has motivated key elites who are acting in the interests of all the polity. In this article, the first and second possibilities are the basis of an examination of the extent to which power is a critical influence on contemporary government policy and administrative action.
Hierarchical RNN Networks for Structured Semantic Web API Model Learning and Extraction (2017)

RESTful Web APIs have no description files like WSDL in traditional Web service. Although some REST API definition models have been arising recently, there is still lacking in structured description format for existing large mounts of Web APIs. Almost all Web APIs are documented in semi-structured web pages, and these documentation formats are various for different sites. It's hard for machine to read the semantics of Web APIs. In this paper, we have proposed a novel hierarchical recurrent neural network to convert REST API documentation to structured machine-readable description format -- the Swagger REST API specification. The network extracts the Swagger defined attributes of a REST API from HTML web pages without any feature engineering. With the extracted API specifications, we built an API repository to index, search and compose Web APIs. Experiment showed that the hierarchical RNN model performed well even with only a few training samples.
Validation of cytokeratin 5/6 as an effective substitute for keratin 903 in the differentiation of benign from malignant glands in prostate needle biopsies (2002)

CK5/6 has superior sensitivity and reliability compared with that of K903 when evaluating routine prostate needle biopsies, including improved staining of atrophic prostatic glands. While K903 is traditionally used to differentiate benign glands from malignant glands, these results support the use of CK5/6 as an effective and reliable substitute for K903 in routine clinical practice.
Romantic Amplification: The Way of Plagiarism (2008)

This article argues that for the British romantic poets, including William Wordsworth, Robert Southey, Mary Robinson, and Peter Bayley, appropriative behaviors that constitute plagiarism according to most agreed-upon definitions might pass unremarked if the plagiarist either was allied with or had power over the plagiarized poet. On the other hand, if the plagiarist opposed the plagiarized or had less power, accusations of plagiarism followed. Further, plagiarisms by allies and opponents alike led the poets to re-appropriate and amplify their textual materials in games of literary—and sometimes social and political—one-upmanship. In this limited sense, plagiarism helped make romantic literature.
Fiber‐Based Materials: Application Challenges in Fiber and Textile Electronics (Adv. Mater. 5/2020) (2020)

In article number 1901971, Peining Chen, Bingjie Wang, Huisheng Peng, and co-workers discuss the application challenges faced by fiber and textile electronics, considering single-fiber-based devices, continuously scalable fabrication, encapsulation and testing, and exploration of application modes. The evolutionary trends and new directions for the future study are also highlighted.
Modification of protein crystal packing by systematic mutations of surface residues: Implications on biotemplating and crystal porosity (2009)

Bioinspired nano-scale biotemplating for the development of novel composite materials has recently culminated in several demonstrations of nano-structured hybrid materials. Protein crystals, routinely prepared for the elucidation of protein 3D structures by X-ray crystallography, present an ordered and highly accurate 3D array of protein molecules. Inherent to the 3D arrangement of the protein "building blocks" in the crystal, a complementary 3D array of interconnected cavities--voids array, exhibiting highly ordered porosity is formed. The porous arrays of protein crystal may serve as a nano-structured, accurate biotemplate by a "filling" process. These cavities arrays are shaped by the mode of protein packing throughout the crystallization process. Here we propose and demonstrate feasibility of targeting site specific mutations to modify protein's surface to affect protein crystal packing, enabling the generation of a series of protein crystal "biotemplates" all originating from same parent protein. The selection of these modification sites was based on in silico analysis of protein-protein interface contact areas in the parent crystal. The model protein selected for this study was the N-terminal type II cohesin from the cellulosomal scaffold in ScaB subunit of Acetivibrio cellulolyticus and mutations were focused on lysine residues involved in protein packing as prime target. The impact of systematically mutating these lysine residues on protein packing and its resulting interconnected cavities array were found to be most significant when surface lysine residues were substituted to tryptophan residues. Our results demonstrate the feasibility of using pre-designed site directed mutations for the generation of a series of protein crystal biotemplates from a "parent" protein.
Structurally Characterized Hetero‐Oligopolyphenylenes: Synthetic Advances Toward Next‐Generation Heterosuperbenzenes (2006)

The successful Diels-Alder [2+4] cycloaddition of dipyrimidyl acetylene and suitably substituted 2,3,4,5-tetraarylcyclopenta-2,4-dien-1-ones (3-7) generates a series of selectively functionalized hexaarylbenzenes. Each has two pairs of peripheral functional groups (R' and R=tert-butyl 8 and R=methyl 9, methoxy 10, bromo 11, triisopropylsilylethynyl 12) and four ortho-imine nitrogen atoms. The dibromo derivative 11 is a useful precursor for the formation of a mono ethynyl 13 and diethynyl 14 substituted polyphenylene. Changing the dienophile to di(2-thienyl)acetylene gives an S-heteroatom polyphenylene 15. The compounds were fully characterized by using (1)H, (13)C and a range of 2 D NMR spectroscopic techniques, elemental analysis, and mass spectrometry. Oxidative cyclodehydrogenation of dimethoxy hexaphenylbenzene 10 by using iron(III) chloride results in the formation of a spirocyclic dienone 16, which in a separate reaction undergoes dienone/phenol rearrangement to give the first 4-fused-ring, N-heterosuperbenzene (HSB) 17. Six single crystal molecular structures reveal the commonality of unidirectional twisting of the external aromatic rings in these heteroatom polyphenylenes. The twist angles and any H-bonding or interdigitation in these structures are discussed.
Regulatory T Cells in Human Autoimmune Thyroid Disease (2006)

Although T regulatory cells are abundant in inflamed thyroid tissue, they are apparently unable, in most cases, to downmodulate the autoimmune response and the tissue damage seen in AITD.
Nobody is Perfect: ATR's Hybrid Approach to Spoken Language Translation (2005)

This paper describes ATR’s hybrid approach to spoken language translation and it’s application to the IWSLT 2005 translation task. Multiple corpus-based translation engines are used to translate the same input, whereby the best translation among the element MT outputs is selected according to statistical models. The evaluation results of the Japanese-to-English and Chinese-to-English translation tasks for different training data conditions showed the potential of the proposed hybrid approach and revealed new directions in how to improve the current system performance. 1.
Bone tissue engineering scaffolding: computer-aided scaffolding techniques (2014)

Tissue engineering is essentially a technique for imitating nature. Natural tissues consist of three components: cells, signalling systems (e.g. growth factors) and extracellular matrix (ECM). The ECM forms a scaffold for its cells. Hence, the engineered tissue construct is an artificial scaffold populated with living cells and signalling molecules. A huge effort has been invested in bone tissue engineering, in which a highly porous scaffold plays a critical role in guiding bone and vascular tissue growth and regeneration in three dimensions. In the last two decades, numerous scaffolding techniques have been developed to fabricate highly interconnective, porous scaffolds for bone tissue engineering applications. This review provides an update on the progress of foaming technology of biomaterials, with a special attention being focused on computer-aided manufacturing (Andrade et al. 2002) techniques. This article starts with a brief introduction of tissue engineering (Bone tissue engineering and scaffolds) and scaffolding materials (Biomaterials used in bone tissue engineering). After a brief reviews on conventional scaffolding techniques (Conventional scaffolding techniques), a number of CAM techniques are reviewed in great detail. For each technique, the structure and mechanical integrity of fabricated scaffolds are discussed in detail. Finally, the advantaged and disadvantage of these techniques are compared (Comparison of scaffolding techniques) and summarised (Summary).
Micromethod for analysis for chloride in physiological fluids. (1976)

A micromethod for the analysis for chloride, based on the chemical precipitation of silver chloride by radial diffusion through agar gel containing silver nitrate, is described. The method is simple to run, requires little or no instrumentation, and requires only 10 mul of sample. Results by coulometric titration (Buchler Cotlove Chloridometer) correlated well for serum (r = 0.961), urine (r = 0.997), cerebrospinal fluid (r = 0.991), and sweat (r = 0.998). Other halide ions or protein do not interfere. Precision studies gave a within-day reproducibility (CV) of 1.3% and a day-to-day variability of 2.1% for a serum sample averaging 115 mmol/liter.
The DOCSIS (Data-Over-Cable Service Interface Specifications) Device Class DHCP (Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol) Relay Agent Information Sub-option (2002)

This document proposes a new sub-option to the DHCP (Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol) Relay Agent Information Option. This new sub-option is for use with DOCSIS (Data-Over-Cable Service Interface Specifications) cable modems and describes a to which the cable modem belongs. The cable modem signals its device class information to the Relay Agent using DOCSIS signaling, and the Relay Agent forwards the device class information to the DHCP Server which can then make a policy decision based on it.
Mutation, allelotyping, and transcription analyses of the p73 gene in prostatic carcinoma. (1998)

A novel gene, p73, encoding a protein with significant homology to p53, was recently identified at 1p36. To investigate penetrance of p73 in prostatic carcinogenesis, mutation, allelotyping, and transcription analyses of p73 were performed in prostatic carcinoma. No types of mutation causing amino acid substitutions or frameshifts were found in 106 cases examined. Loss of heterozygosity in the gene was found in 2 of 38 cases (5.3%). Various expression levels of p73 alpha variant were observed in tumor compared with those in normal tissue. These data suggest that the p73 gene is not playing an essential role, but expression of p73 may associate with tumor growth in prostatic carcinogenesis.
A Difference in Receptor Mechanisms for Muscarinic Full and Partial Agonists (1991)

Concentration-response curves of 4 muscarinic full agonists were progressively inhibited by 10 to 50-min treatments of the longitudinal muscle of guinea pig ileum with propylbenzilylcholine mustard (PrBCM. 3 × 10-6M). A 90-min treatment with PrBCM had no further significant inhibitory effect on their curves. The 50-min treatment with PrBCM (3 × 10 M) completely inhibited the concentration-response curves of 6 partial agonists. The limiting effect of PrBCM observed on the concentration-response curves of the full agonists was not found on the curves of the partial agonists. These results suggest that there are two subtypes of M3-cholinoceptors, PrBCM-sensitive receptors and PrBCM-resistant ones. Pilocarpine, a partial agonist, shifted the concentration-response curve of carbachol, a full agonist, in a parallel fashion in the strips treated with PrBCM (3 × 10-6 M) for 50 min, suggesting that an interaction of pilocarpine with PrBCM-resistant cholinoceptors does not induce contraction. The full agonists contract the longitudinal muscle through the interaction of two cholinoceptors, PrBCM-sensitive and -resistant ones, while the partial agonists produce the contraction through the activation of PrBCM-sensitive ones.
Molecular cytogenetic analysis of cytokeratin 20-labeled cells in primary tumors and bone marrow aspirates from colorectal carcinoma patients (1997)

CK20-labeled cells occurred at frequencies approximately 5 x 10(-5) in control bone marrow aspirates from patients without colorectal carcinomas. Approximately 10(-4) CK20-labeled cells were present in 4 of 11 bone marrow aspirates (45%) from patients with Dukes stage D colon carcinoma. The mean frequency (5 x 10(-5) of CK20-labeled cells in Dukes stage C and D rectal carcinoma patients was statistically similar to control values. CONCLUSIONS. A subset of CK20-labeled cells in primary tumors and hepatic metastases are aneusomic. CK20-labeled cells in bone marrow aspirates are cytogenetically normal. These data demonstrate that CK20 cells in solid tumors may be cytogenetically aberrant, but suggest caution in the use of CK20 to detect micrometastases in bone marrow aspirates.