gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Formation of silicon carbide defect qubits with optically transparent electrodes and atomic layer deposited silicon oxide surface passivation (2017)

Defect qubits in silicon carbide are an emerging system for quantum information science and technology. It is important to passivate and protect the surface to preserve the particular defect configurations as well as to provide means to tune the opto-electronic properties via electronic or opto-electronic gating. In this work, we construct defect qubit device structures that integrate Indium-Tin-Oxide (ITO) electrodes and a thin atomic layer deposited (ALD) siliconoxide surface passivation. The devices are formed via 12C ion implantation and high temperature annealing of 4H and 6H silicon carbide. The process involves the integration of optically transparent indium tin oxide electrodes and a surface passivation film of silicon-oxide by atomic layer deposition. We find good contact is formed between ITO and SiC, and after complete processing, the measured broad-band photoluminescence (PL) with excitation at 785 nm in a scanning PL system is consistent with the formation of silicon vacancies. We find minimal change in the room temperature emission in regions beneath the ITO electrodes and the SiOx-SiC passivated surface. We evaluate the ability of an electric field to tune the optically detected magnetic resonance (ODMR) response of the qubit system by simulations of the spectrum with a modified spin Hamiltonian that considers the Stark Effect. We quantify the simulated strength of the electric-field tuning of the energy levels and ODMR response for the various identified spin 3/2 transitions of the silicon vacancy.
Characterization of an intronless CD4 minigene expressed in mature CD4 and CD8 T cells, but not expressed in immature thymocytes (1996)

The expression of the CD4 gene undergoes a complex pattern of regulation during T cell development. Results obtained in transgenic mice suggest that a combination of proximal enhancer and a silencer from the CD4 gene is sufficient to obtain a developmentally controlled expression along T cell maturation. We generated transgenic mice expressing the human CD4 cDNA under the control of the human CD4 promoter and the murine CD4 minimal proximal enhancer. No other regulatory sequences, including the silencer, were included. The pattern of expression of this transgene is restricted to mature peripheral T cells, to the only mature heat-stable Ag(HSA)low/- single positive thymocytes, and to some NK cells. Surprisingly, no expression was found in double positive or in immature HSAhigh single positive thymocytes. These results suggest that additional, yet uncharacterized genomic sequences are necessary for CD4 expression in immature thymocytes and that there is a change in transcription factors occurring at the late states of T cell development. Finally, since this is the first combination of regulatory sequences that possess such a T mature specific pattern of expression, it should provide a novel tool to address several immunologic questions or for therapeutic purposes.
High‐efficiency Detection of 66 000 Da Protein Molecules Using a Cryogenic Detector in a Matrix‐assisted Laser Desorption/Ionization Time‐of‐flight Mass Spectrometer (1996)

We present the first experimental results obtained using a cryogenically-cooled Nb–Al2O3–Nb superconductor–insulator–superconductor (SIS) tunnel junction detector operating at 1.3 K as an ion detector in a time-of-flight mass spectrometer. As opposed to microchannel-plate ion detectors (MCPs) commonly used in such systems, cryogenic detectors such as SIS detectors offer a near 100% detection efficiency for all ions including single, very massive, slow-moving macromolecules. We describe the operating principle of an SIS detector and its use as an ion detector in our matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization (MALDI) time-of-flight mass spectrometer and compare its response to an MCP detector operated in the same system. To our knowledge, this is the first direct comparison of these detector types in this application. A comparison of count rates and time-of-flight spectra obtained with both detectors for human serum albumin (molecular weight 66 000 Da) indicates a two to three orders of magnitude higher detection efficiency per unit area for the SIS detector at this mass. For higher molecular masses we expect an even higher relative efficiency for cryogenic detectors since MCPs show a rapid decline in detection efficiency as ion mass increases, which is not expected to be the case for cryogenic detectors. Our results imply that time-of-flight techniques could be extended beyond the current upper mass limit if cryogenic detectors are used. Initially, cryogenic detectors will be used for the analysis of large protein molecules. If non-fragmenting ionization techniques can be perfected, cryogenic detectors will also open the possibility of the rapid analysis of large DNA molecules and perhaps intact microorganisms.
Bragg gratings as phase matching elements to extend continuum generation at short wavelengths (2007)

We show that a Bragg grating can act as a phase matching element allowing a continuum pulse to generate light in narrow bandwidth beyond the short wavelength edge determined by fiber dispersion.
Ultrafast method for the analysis of fluorescence lifetime imaging microscopy data based on the Laguerre expansion technique (2005)

We report a new deconvolution method for fluorescence lifetime imaging microscopy (FLIM) based on the Laguerre expansion technique. The performance of this method was tested on synthetic and real FLIM images. The following interesting properties of this technique were demonstrated. 1) The fluorescence intensity decay can be estimated simultaneously for all pixels, without a priori assumption of the decay functional form. 2) The computation speed is extremely fast, performing at least two orders of magnitude faster than current algorithms. 3) The estimated maps of Laguerre expansion coefficients provide a new domain for representing FLIM information. 4) The number of images required for the analysis is relatively small, allowing reduction of the acquisition time. These findings indicate that the developed Laguerre expansion technique for FLIM analysis represents a robust and extremely fast deconvolution method that enables practical applications of FLIM in medicine, biology, biochemistry, and chemistry.
SEISMIC ISOLATION OF BRIDGES USING FRICTION PENDULUM BEARINGS (1999)

This paper presents recent examples of bridges seismically isolated using Friction Pendulum seismic isolation bearings. The Friction Pendulum bearings were used to achieve an elastic, no-damage seismic design, and provided the lowest total construction cost for this performance level.
An Immune Response Directed to Proteinase and Adhesin Functional Epitopes Protects against <i>Porphyromonas gingivalis</i>-Induced Periodontal Bone Loss (2005)

Porphyromonas gingivalis, a pathogen associated with periodontitis, bound to fibrinogen, fibronectin, hemoglobin, and collagen type V with a similar profile to that of its major virulence factor, the cell surface RgpA-Kgp proteinase-adhesin complex. Using peptide-specific, purified Abs in competitive inhibition ELISAs and epitope mapping assays, we have identified potential adhesin binding motifs (ABMs) of the RgpA-Kgp complex responsible for binding to host proteins. The RgpA-Kgp complex and synthetic ABM and proteinase active site peptides conjugated to diphtheria toxoid, when used as vaccines, protected against P. gingivalis-induced periodontal bone loss in the murine periodontitis model. The most efficacious peptide and protein vaccines were found to induce a high-titer IgG1 Ab response. Furthermore, mice protected in the lesion and periodontitis models had a predominant P. gingivalis-specific IL-4 response, whereas mice with disease had a predominant IFN-gamma response. The peptide-specific Abs directed to the ABM2 sequence (EGLATATTFEEDGVA) protected against periodontal bone loss and inhibited binding of the RgpA-Kgp complex to fibrinogen, fibronectin, and collagen type V. Furthermore, the peptide-specific Abs directed to the ABM3 sequence (GTPNPNPNPNPNPNPGT) protected against periodontal bone loss and inhibited binding to hemoglobin. However, the most protective Abs were those directed to the active sites of the RgpA and Kgp proteinases. The results suggest that when the RgpA-Kgp complex, or functional binding motif or active site peptides are used as a vaccine, they induce a Th2 response that blocks function of the RgpA-Kgp complex and protects against periodontal bone loss.
A Self-Aware Machine Platform in Manufacturing Shop Floor Utilizing MTConnect Data (2014)

   We propose a framework of self-aware machines based on data collected using the MTConnect protocol. Beyond exist- ing applications of OEE (Overall Equipment Effectiveness) reporting, the proposed framework integrates multiple sources of information for work-piece and machine condition monitoring, and equipment time to failure prediction in manufacturing processes, and provides feedback to shop supervisor. Firstly, we propose a method to predict component wear and failure based on operational data. ICP (Interactive Closest Point) algorithm is used to find the best matching tool path given a certain tool number to identify similar machining pro- cesses. The result of ICP tool path matching, together with other parameters such as spindle speed, feed rate and tool number, are used to adaptively cluster the machining pro- cesses. For each process cluster, a particle filter based prognostic algorithm is used to predict tool wear and/or spindle bearing failure. Secondly, we propose to use anomaly detection methods to detect changes in normal behavior of the machines. Various machine learning algorithms are utilized to detect anomalies based on real-time data, and a voting mechanism is used to decide when to trigger an alarm. Thirdly, the axes traverse is aggregated to provide a measure of the wear on various axes in the machine, which is correlated to errors in position comparing to the commanded positions and nominal tool paths. Spindle load verse rotating speed is also examined to facilitate shop floor scheduling to avoid damage caused by unintentionally excessive machine usage. The proposed framework has been demonstrated using published data from two Mazak machine tools.
Antineoplastic agents 300. Isolation and structure of the rare human cancer inhibitory macrocyclic lactones spongistatins 8 and 9 (1994)

Two trace (0.7 and 2.2 × 10–7% yields) potent antineoplastic macrocyclic lactones termed spongistatins 8 (2a) and 9 (2b) have been isolated from the African marine sponge Spirastrella spinispirulifera and found to be very potent inhibitors of glutamate-induced tubulin polymerization.
Poultry manure as raw material for mercury adsorbents in gas applications (2009)

The quantity of poultry manure generated each year is large, and technologies that take advantage of the material should be explored. At the same time, increased emphasis on the reduction of mercury emissions from coal-fired electric power plants has resulted in environmental regulations that may, in the future, require application of activated carbons as mercury sorbents. The sorbents could be injected into the flue gas stream, where they could adsorb the mercury. The sorbents (now containing mercury) would be removed via filtration or other means from the flue gas. Our preliminary work has demonstrated that activated carbon made from poultry manure can adsorb mercury from air with good efficiency. In laboratory experiments, an activated carbon made from turkey cake manure removed the majority of elemental mercury from a hot air stream. Other activated carbons made from chicken and turkey litter manure were also efficient. In general, unwashed activated carbons made from poultry manure were more efficient in removing mercury than their acid-washed counterparts. The results suggest that the adsorption of mercury was mainly due to chemisorption on the surface of the carbon. Other potential uses for the activated carbons are the removal of mercury from air and natural gas.
k-Zero Day Safety: A Network Security Metric for Measuring the Risk of Unknown Vulnerabilities (2013)

By enabling a direct comparison of different security solutions with respect to their relative effectiveness, a network security metric may provide quantifiable evidences to assist security practitioners in securing computer networks. However, research on security metrics has been hindered by difficulties in handling zero-day attacks exploiting unknown vulnerabilities. In fact, the security risk of unknown vulnerabilities has been considered as something unmeasurable due to the less predictable nature of software flaws. This causes a major difficulty to security metrics, because a more secure configuration would be of little value if it were equally susceptible to zero-day attacks. In this paper, we propose a novel security metric, k-zero day safety, to address this issue. Instead of attempting to rank unknown vulnerabilities, our metric counts how many such vulnerabilities would be required for compromising network assets; a larger count implies more security because the likelihood of having more unknown vulnerabilities available, applicable, and exploitable all at the same time will be significantly lower. We formally define the metric, analyze the complexity of computing the metric, devise heuristic algorithms for intractable cases, and finally demonstrate through case studies that applying the metric to existing network security practices may generate actionable knowledge.
Novel transform domain principal component analysis (PCA) techniques and some applications: facial and automatic target recognition (2007)

Abstract:- Novel transform domain formulations and implementations of PCA techniques will be given. It will be shown that this new approach results in considerable computational and storage savings while yielding very high accuracy. Useful applications such as Facial and Automatic Target Recognition are given confirming the considerable performance improvement.
GPS Roadside Integrated Precision Positioning System (1999)

A real-time integrated navigation system with 2-cm position accuracy was developed using commercial off-the shelf (COTS) equipment including inertial sensors and differential Global Positioning System (GPS) receivers, and was demonstrated for transportation applications with an emphasis on lane departure detection. A 900-MHz radiofrequency communications link transmits GPS base station range and carrier phase measurements to a GPS receiver on the vehicle. The GPS receiver calculates the vehicle position relative to the surveyed base location. The loosely coupled eight-state extended Kalman filter with 10-Hz navigation aids provides smoothed position information between 2-Hz GPS updates and provides graceful degradation in the presence of GPS blockages or communication dropouts. Currently, the navigation aids include anti-lock braking system wheel turns, electronic compass heading and pitch, and map vertical height. Data acquisition and Kalman filtering systems were developed to handle real-time processing and recording of all instrument data for further post-test system evaluation to determine the optimum configuration. An accurate rapid survey and map representation approach for measuring lane boundaries was validated using a vehicle, demonstrating inherit repeatability by the GPS positioning system. Real-time lane departure monitoring was developed. A video camera was installed to assist in accurate surveying and real-time system validation. This GPS-based positioning system is suitable for highway speeds during all weather conditions. It can be extended to other collision avoidance, drowsy driver awareness, advanced curve or intersection warnings, SOS, tracking, automated control, fast precision road mapping, and traffic management applications.
Output power enhancement of a palmtop terahertz-wave parametric generator (2006)

Broadband terahertz (THz) waves were generated by optical parametric processes based on laser light scattering from the polariton mode of a nonlinear crystal. By using the parametric oscillation of a MgO-doped LiNbO3 crystal pumped by a nanosecond Q-switched Nd:YAG laser, we have realized a broadband, high-energy and compact THz-wave source. We report the development of a THz-wave parametric generator (TPG) using a small pump source with a short pulse width and a top-hat beam profile. These characteristics of the pump beam permit high-intensity pumping especially close to the output surface of the THz wave without thermal damage to the crystal surface. We also calculated the outcoupled THz wave for beams with two different intensity profiles: a top-hat beam (in this experiment) and a Gaussian beam (previously reported). The result shows the mechanism of the output energy and/or power enhancement.
New 16-plex PCR method for rapid detection of diarrheagenic Escherichia coli directly from stool samples (2009)

A rapid 16-plex polymerase chain reaction (PCR) suitable for routine diagnostics of diarrheagenic Escherichia coli (EHEC, EIEC, EAEC, ETEC, and EPEC) was developed, validated with control strains, and tested with 250 diarrhoeal stool samples. The specificity was 100% when tested with 289 control bacterial strains, and the analytical sensitivity of automated DNA extraction directly from stool samples was made by boiling the bacterial culture (10(4)-10(5) colony forming units/ml). The assay design starting directly from extraction of stool DNA allowed same day analysis without compromising sensitivity and specificity, which makes it superior compared to PCR after culturing the bacteria. The 16-plex PCR method demonstrated high prevalence of diarrheagenic E. coli in stool samples of patients returning from abroad (39.0%) in contrast to the patients with no travel history (8.7%; p < 0.001). The high prevalence of diarrheagenic E. coli suggests that their screening should be part of normal diarrhoea diagnostics, at least in the leading diagnostic laboratories.
Neural cell adhesion molecule (NCAM) as a target for the development of drugs for the treatment of neurodegenerative disorders (2003)

NCAM plays an essential role in neural development and regeneration. We have recently demonstrated a direct interaction between the fibronectin type III modules (F3) of NCAM and the extracellular part of the FGF receptor and also identified a binding site localized in the second F3 module. The corresponding peptide motif (FGL) activated the FGF receptor, promoted neuritogenesis and protected DA neurons in vitro . In a rat model of A‐beta (amyloid‐beta peptide) induced neurite toxicity, FGL rescued the deficit in learning and improved neuropathology. Thus, small artificial mimetics of NCAM with agonist‐like effects are attractive lead‐candidates for drug development for the treatment of neurodegenerative diseases.
Introducing Basic Principles of Haptic Cinematography and Editing (2016)

Adding the sense of touch to hearing and seeing would be necessary for a true immersive experience. This is the promise of the growing "4D-cinema" based on motion platforms and others sensory effects (water spray, wind, scent, etc.). Touch provides a new dimension for filmmakers and leads to a new creative area, the haptic cinematography. However design rules are required to use this sensorial modality in the right way for increasing the user experience. This paper addresses this issue, by introducing principles of haptic cinematography editing. The proposed elements are based on early feedback from different creative works performed by the authors (including a student in cinema arts), anticipating the role of haptographers, the experts on haptic content creation. Three full short movies have been augmented with haptic feedback and tested by numerous users, in order to provide the inputs for this introductory paper.
Single/dual polarized filtering patch antennas without using extra circuits (2016)

In this paper, two kinds of filtering patch antennas without using extra filtering circuits are introduced, one for single-polarization and the other one for dual-polarization. The single-polarized antenna is composed of a stacked patch and a driven patch embedded with three shorting pins and a U-slot. A quasi-elliptic bandpass response with three radiation nulls generated by the stacked patch, shorting pins and U-slot in the boresight gain is achieved. The dual-polarized antenna consists of two orthogonal H-shaped feeding lines, a driven patch and a stacked patch. Also, a quasi-elliptic bandpass response with two radiation nulls provided by H-shaped line and stacked patch is achieved for the dual-polarized filtering antenna.
Idea: Ecient Evaluation of Access Control Constraints (2010)

Business requirements for modern enterprise systems usually comprise a variety of dynamic constraints, i.e., constraints that require a complex set of context information only available at runtime. Thus, the ecient evaluation of dynamic constraints, e.g., expressing separa- tion of duties requirements, becomes an important factor for the overall performance of the access control enforcement. In distributed systems, e.g., based on the service-oriented architecture (SOA), the time for evaluating access control constraints depends signif- icantly on the protocol between the central Policy Decision Point (PDP) and the distributed Policy Enforcement Points (PEPs). In this paper, we present a policy-driven approach for generating cus- tomized protocol for the communication between the PDP and the PEPs. We provide a detailed comparison of several approaches for querying context information during the evaluation of access control constraints.
Phosphate Glass Fiber Laser Materials and Architectures (2003)

Kigre, Inc. is developing new rare-earth-doped fiber laser materials specifically for use in large mode area and super mode fiber laser architectures. In this work we describe new end-pumped clad fiber laser designs fabricated from high performance phosphate laser glass compositions. These fibers include erbium/ytterbium and ytterbium-only doped double clad designs with large mode areas and a third neodymium-doped “super mode” design with multiple cores, pumped at 940/975 and 808 nanometers respectively. Additional data on new heavily doped, low NA, side-pumped fiber laser architectures is also presented.
Concurrent blind deconvolution for channel equalization (2002)

The constant modulus algorithm (CMA) is recognized as the most widely used algorithm in blind channel equalization practice. However, the CMA cost function exhibits local minima, which often leads to ill-convergence. This paper proposes a concurrent equalizer, in which a least mean square (LMS) equalizer operates cooperatively with a CMA equalizer, controlled through a non-linear link that depends on the system a priory state. Simulation results using M-QAM signalling have shown that the concurrent equalizer presents a much lower sensitivity to local minima than the CMA approach.