gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Welding Consumable Selection for a Cryogenic (4K) Application (1995)

This paper provides a brief description of the development and qualification of an appropriate welding consumable for a demanding cryogenic magnet application. It began with a search through the research conducted in the past decade on cryogenic fracture toughness of wrought and welded austenitic stainless steels.This research shows that certain elements of the composition have a powerful effect upon the steel's fracture toughness at 4 K. In particular, the higher oxygen in the weld manifests itself as inclusions, which have a severe detrimental effect upon the fracture toughness. This one factor accounts for most of the difference in toughness between matching composition wrought and weld material, and is a function of the weld process. Also, welds enriched with manganese and nickel have demonstrated improved fracture toughness. These discoveries were combined in the development of a nitrogen and manganese modified, high nickel stainless steel alloy. It produced gas metal arc welds with superior cryogenic mechanical properties (yield strength near 900 MPa at 4 Kand a Charpy V-Notch impact energy near 140 J at 76 K), when the procedures were modified to reduce the oxygen content.
Fine tuning metabolism of biochemically active abiraterone metabolites to optimize anti-androgen therapy in prostate cancer. (2016)

5016 Background: Abiraterone inhibits CYP17A1 and blocks androgen synthesis, prolonging survival in castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC). Abiraterone is metabolized in patients to D4A, which has even greater anti-tumor activity and structural similarities to endogenous steroidal 5α-reductase substrates, such as testosterone. Other steroidal abiraterone metabolites might also harbor biochemical activity that could be relevant to clinical response or resistance to abiraterone. Furthermore, clinical manipulation of abiraterone metabolites might be an approach to optimizing anti-androgen therapy. Methods: We synthesized 3 5α-reduced and 3 5β-reduced abiraterone metabolites as standards for mass spectrometry analysis and to interrogate biochemical function. Serum was analyzed by mass spectrometry in 12 patients treated with abiraterone acetate plus prednisone for CRPC and in 16 patients treated on a clinical trial of abiraterone acetate (1000 mg) plus prednisone for 2 cycles, followed by the addition of dutasteride (3.5 mg) for 4 cycles. The activity of selected novel abiraterone metabolites was tested in assays for steroidogenic enzymes, androgen receptor binding studies, gene expression studies and xenograft models. Results: D4A is converted to at least 3 5α-reduced and 3 5β-reduced metabolites. The initial 5α-reduced metabolite, 5α-abi, is more abundant than D4A in patients with prostate cancer taking abiraterone, and is an androgen receptor (AR) agonist, which promotes prostate cancer progression. In a clinical trial of abiraterone alone, followed by abiraterone plus dutasteride, 5α-abi and downstream metabolites are depleted, while D4A concentrations rise, effectively blocking production of a tumor promoting metabolite and permitting D4A accumulation. Furthermore, dutasteride does not deplete three 5β-reduced metabolites, which were also clinically detectable, demonstrating the specific biochemical effects of pharmacologic 5α-reductase inhibition on abiraterone metabolism. Conclusions: Our findings suggest a previously unappreciated and biochemically specific method of clinically fine tuning abiraterone metabolism to optimize therapy.
Effects of Specimen Size on Strength of Sintered Silicon Nitride (1982)

The strength of sintered silicon nitride was measured by three‐point bending, four‐point bending, and expanded‐ring tests at room temperature. The data obtained were analyzed using Weibull statistics. The results indicate that effective volume is the major factor determining strength.
8×18 top emitting independently addressable surface emitting laser arrays with uniform threshold current and low threshold voltage (1993)

Fabrication of 8×18 independently addressable vertical cavity surface emitting laser arrays (VC-SELA) with uniform threshold current, threshold voltage, and high optical output power is reported. The top surface emitting array contains GaAs multiquantum well active regions and exhibits uniform characteristics over a 4×9 mm2 area. The cw threshold current is ≊4.2∓0.2 mA, the threshold voltage is 2.65∓0.1 V, and the output optical power is greater than 2 mW for the individual elements of the array. To realize these large VC-SELAs, a novel ion implantation mask fabrication was developed.
Control of Ion Distortion in Field Asymmetric Waveform Ion Mobility Spectrometry via Variation of Dispersion Field and Gas Temperature (2008)

Field asymmetric waveform ion mobility spectrometry (FAIMS) has emerged as an analytical tool of broad utility, especially in conjunction with mass spectrometry. Of particular promise is the use of FAIMS and 2-D ion mobility methods that combine FAIMS with conventional IMS to resolve and characterize protein and other macromolecular conformers. However, FAIMS operation requires a strong electric field, and ions are inevitably heated by energetic collisions with buffer gas molecules. This may induce ion isomerization or dissociation, which distort the separation properties of FAIMS (and subsequent stages) or reduce instrumental sensitivity. As FAIMS employs a periodic waveform, whether those processes are controlled by ion temperature at maximum or average field intensity has been debated. Here we address this issue by measuring the unfolding of compact ubiquitin ion geometries as a function of waveform amplitude (dispersion field, E(D)) and gas temperature, T. The field heating is quantified by matching the dependences of structural transitions on E(D) and T: increasing E(D) from 12 to 16 or from 16 to 20 kV/cm is equivalent to heating the (N2) gas by approximately 15-25 degrees C. The magnitude of field heating for any E(D) can be estimated using the two-temperature theory, and raising E(D) by 4 kV/cm augments heating by approximately 15-30 degrees C for maximum and approximately 4-8 degrees C for average field in the FAIMS cycle. Hence, isomerization of ions in FAIMS appears to be determined by the excitation at waveform peaks.
Development of a Plate Heat Exchanger for High-Temperature and High-Pressure (2013)

A gasketed plate heat exchanger that has a seal pressure of 6.5 MPa or more has been developed. This heat exchanger can be applied to heat exchangers (design temperature: 182°C, design pressure: 3.43 MPa) for the residual heat removal (RHR) systems of boiling water reactors (BWR). Practical use of gasketed plate heat exchangers under the condition of higher temperature and higher pressure has been achieved by developing a high-pressure-retaining plate and frame, as well as a heat- and radiation-resistant gasket. Various element tests related to strength and performance were conducted in the process of this development. A verification test using a prototype heat exchanger was also conducted, and pressure resistance, heat resistance, radiation resistance, endurance against thermal transients, and heat transfer performance have been confirmed. As a result of this development, gasketed plate heat exchangers can be applied for use under the condition of higher temperature and higher pressure, and various effects such as lower system flow, smaller footprint, easier maintenance, and lower cost for weld inspection are expected, compared to conventional shell & tube heat exchangers.
A Novel Modulation and Multiplexing Technology for Reducing Out-of-Band Leakage Based on Multicarrier Schemes (2020)

In this paper, a novel modulation and multiplexing technology for reducing out-of-band leakage is proposed for multicarrier schemes based on CP-OFDM. The proposed method is to spread data of <inline-formula xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$N$ </tex-math></inline-formula> layers with <inline-formula xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$N$ </tex-math></inline-formula> selected spreading codes, then multiplex them into a data sequence and transmit it on <inline-formula xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$2K$ </tex-math></inline-formula> subcarriers. The <inline-formula xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$N$ </tex-math></inline-formula> spreading codes, which can suppress out-of-band leakage, are selected out from a complete set of mutual orthogonal spreading codes. The simulation results show that the data modulation and multiplexing technology effectively reduces interference with neighboring frequency bands or adjacent sub-bands for different numerologies and so significantly improves spectrum efficiency
Thermally-assisted ultrasonic separation of giant vesicles (2016)

We report on a newly-developed membrane stiffness-based separation of vesicles using a thermally-assisted acoustophoretic approach. By tuning the temperature, we achieved the separation of vesicles of the same size, shape, and charge but with different stiffness values. It was observed that at a specific transition point, the acoustic contrast factor of vesicles changed sign from positive to negative. This change was mainly due to the change in the acoustic compressibility of the vesicles, which is inversely proportional to stiffness. The acoustic contrast temperature, corresponding to the temperature at which the acoustic contrast factor switches sign, was determined to be unique to the composition of the vesicles. This unique temperature signature allowed us to develop a separation method of vesicles with distinct membrane stiffness with target outlet purities exceeding 95%. Our studies suggest that this method may be applied for the separation of cells affected by diseases that affect the cellular stiffness.
Single-pulse, Fourier-transform spectrometer having no moving parts (1994)

A Wollaston prism is used in the design of a polarizing Fourier-transform spectrometer with no moving parts. The effective path difference between orthogonally polarized components varies across the aperture of the instrument, forming an interferogram in the spatial rather than temporal domain. The use of a charge-integrating linear detector array permits the entire interferogram to be sampled simultaneously so that a full spectrum is obtained for a single pulse of light.
AMF configurations: checking for service protection using heuristics (2011)

AMF (Availability Management Framework) is a middleware service that manages the availability of applications. AMF has been defined by the Service Availability Forum (SA Forum). An AMF configuration for an application running on top of AMF is a logical organization of hardware and software resources to provide and protect services. Resources, namely components, are grouped into logical entities such as service units and service groups and are set together at configuration time to provide and protect services represented as component service instances and service instances. The assignment of component service instances and service instances to components and service units, respectively, is performed at runtime by the AMF middleware. However, the configuration is valid if and only if it satisfies all AMF constraints, including the provisioning and protection of the services. Therefore, the problem is how to ensure at configuration time that the services will be protected at runtime. In a previous work, we tackled this problem and proved it to be NP-hard in general for most redundancy models. Here, we tackle the problem of AMF configuration validation further with heuristics using extended versions of heuristics developed for the bin-packing problem. We consider all the redundancy models for which the problem is NP-hard. In addition, we propose an approach which incrementally adds resources to a likely invalid configuration and transforms it into a valid one.
Cardiotonic agents. 3. Synthesis and biological activity of novel 6-(substituted 1H-imidazol-4(5)-yl)-3(2H)-pyridazinones (1986)

Several 6-(substituted 1H-imidazol-4(5)-yl)-3(2H)-pyridazinones were synthesized and evaluated for positive inotropic activity. The 1H-imidazol-4-yl regioisomers 4,5-dihydro-6-(1-methyl-2-phenyl-1H-imidazol-4-yl)-3(2H)-pyridazinone (25a) and 6-(1-methyl-2-phenyl-1H-imidazol-4-yl)-3(2H)-pyridazinone (28a) were potent positive inotropic agents. By contrast, the corresponding 1H-imidazol-5-yl regioisomers 25b and 28b were only weak positive inotropic agents. Compounds 25a and 28a were also potent inhibitors of cardiac phosphodiesterase fraction III.
Comparison of Three Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assays to Detect <i>Porcine Circovirus-2</i> (PCV-2)—Specific Antibodies after Vaccination or Inoculation of Pigs with Distinct PCV-1 or PCV-2 Isolates (2008)

Porcine circovirus-2 (PCV-2) serology is frequently used to determine PCV-2 status and optimal timing of PCV-2 vaccination in the field. The objectives of the current study are to determine the diagnostic accuracy of 3 currently available commercial anti-immunoglobulin G (IgG) PCV-2 enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISAs) and to compare the ability of the 3 assays to detect and differentiate between anti-PCV-2a and anti-PCV-2b antibodies, as well as anti-PCV-2 and anti-PCV-1 antibodies. Fifty-five 3-week-old, conventional pigs were randomly allocated to 7 groups: 1) negative controls (n = 7), 2) PCV-2a (n = 8; inoculated with PCV-2 ISU-40895), 3) PCV-2b (n = 8; inoculated with PCV-2 NC-16845), 4) PCV-1 (n = 8), 5) vaccine A (n = 8; Ingelvac CircoFLEX), 6) vaccine B (n = 8; Circumvent PCV2), and 7) vaccine C (n = 8; Suvaxyn PCV2 One Dose). Blood samples were collected weekly, and all sera were tested by 3 different anti-PCV-2 IgG ELISAs. The results indicated that all ELISAs had area under the receiver operating curve values greater than 0.94, detected both anti-PCV-2a and -2b antibodies with no differentiation, and did not detect anti-PCV-1 antibodies in infected animals. One of the ELISAs was able to distinguish pigs vaccinated with vaccine B from pigs inoculated with either PCV-2a or PCV-2b.
Red blood cell as a universal optoacoustic sensor for non-invasive temperature monitoring (2014)

Optoacoustic (photoacoustic) temperature imaging could provide improved spatial resolution and temperature sensitivity as compared to other techniques of non-invasive thermometry used during thermal therapies for safe and efficient treatment of lesions. However, accuracy of the reported optoacoustic methods is compromised by biological variability and heterogeneous composition of tissues. We report our findings on the universal character of the normalized temperature dependent optoacoustic response (ThOR) in blood, which is invariant with respect to hematocrit at the isosbestic point of hemoglobin. The phenomenon is caused by the unique homeostatic compartmentalization of blood hemoglobin exclusively inside erythrocytes. On the contrary, the normalized ThOR in aqueous solutions of hemoglobin showed linear variation with respect to its concentration and was identical to that of blood when extrapolated to the hemoglobin concentration inside erythrocytes. To substantiate the conclusions, we analyzed optoacoustic images acquired from the samples of whole and diluted blood as well as hemoglobin solutions during gradual cooling from +37 to -15 °C. Our experimental methodology allowed direct observation and accurate measurement of the temperature of zero optoacoustic response, manifested as the sample's image faded into background and then reappeared in the reversed (negative) contrast. These findings provide a framework necessary for accurate correlation of measured normalized optoacoustic image intensity and local temperature in vascularized tissues independent of tissue composition.
Das Restless-legs-Syndrom (RLS) – Erfahrungsbericht mit einem<i>Vitex agnus-castus</i>(VAC)-Extrakt (2010)

Ethanolische Extrakte der Früchte von Vitex agnus-castus (VAC) wirken als gemischter Dopamin-D2/D3-Rezeptoragonist. Das RLS wird therapiert mit Dopaminagonisten. Ein erster Therapieversuch mit einem standardisierten VAC-Extrakt, d.h. mit einem pflanzlichen Dopaminagonisten, an einer kleinen Patientenzahl (n = 12) ergab vielversprechende Ergebnisse, die durch systematische Untersuchungen zu verifizieren sind.
Hydrophobic Inactivation of Influenza Viruses Confers Preservation of Viral Structure with Enhanced Immunogenicity (2008)

The use of inactivated influenza virus for the development of vaccines with broad heterosubtypic protection requires selective inactivation techniques that eliminate viral infectivity while preserving structural integrity. Here we tested if a hydrophobic inactivation approach reported for retroviruses could be applied to the influenza virus. By this approach, the transmembrane domains of viral envelope proteins are selectively targeted by the hydrophobic photoactivatable compound 1,5-iodonaphthyl-azide (INA). This probe partitions into the lipid bilayer of the viral envelope and upon far UV irradiation reacts selectively with membrane-embedded domains of proteins and lipids while the protein domains that localize outside the bilayer remain unaffected. INA treatment of influenza virus blocked infection in a dose-dependent manner without disrupting the virion or affecting neuraminidase activity. Moreover, the virus maintained the full activity in inducing pH-dependent lipid mixing, but pH-dependent redistribution of viral envelope proteins into the target cell membrane was completely blocked. These results indicate that INA selectively blocks fusion of the virus with the target cell membrane at the pore formation and expansion step. Using a murine model of influenza virus infection, INA-inactivated influenza virus induced potent anti-influenza virus serum antibody and T-cell responses, similar to live virus immunization, and protected against heterosubtypic challenge. INA treatment of influenza A virus produced a virus that is noninfectious, intact, and fully maintains the functional activity associated with the ectodomains of its two major envelope proteins, neuraminidase and hemagglutinin. When used as a vaccine given intranasally (i.n.), INA-inactivated influenza virus induced immune responses similar to live virus infection.
Metal–Ceramic Composite Actuators (1992)

A new type of actuator composed of metal (brass) end caps and piezoelectric ceramics has been developed as a displacement transducer. Shallow cavities positioned between the metal caps and the central ceramic disk convert and amplify the radial displacement of the piezoelectric ceramic into a large axial motion of the metal end caps. Large d 33 coefficients exceeding 2500 pC/N are obtained with the composite actuators. The behavior of the electrically induced strain with geometric variables, such as the thickness of the metal end caps, and with pressing force and driving frequency has been evaluated. Sizeable strains are obtained with both PZT (piezoelectric lead zirconate titanate) and PMN (electrostrictive lead magnesium niobate) ceramics.
Detecting Bacteria by Direct Counting of Structural Protein Units by IVDS and Mass Spectrometry (2006)

This report explores the direct counting of "hair-like" struc-tures specific for Gram-positive bacteria. Indications show that these structures are intact after removal from the cell and are sufficiently different from species to species of bacteria to give an indication of bacteria type if not actual identification. Their detection would represent a new approach to bacteria detection and identification. This report documents the detection of the bacterial structures using the physical nanometer counting methodology in the Integrated Virus Detection System (IVDS) and electrospray ionization-mass spectrometry.
The Wireless/Power-Line Diversity Channel (2010)

Wireless devices are often connected to power outlets in residential data and smart-home networks. As a result, physical layer performance can be improved by using the power distribution tree as a diversity channel. This paper proposes a hardware-efficient, low intermediate-frequency (low-IF) transceiver architecture which allows existing wireless protocols to be used over both wireless and power-line communication (PLC) channels. A signal model for this form of hybrid transmission is presented assuming Rayleigh flat-fading and Middleton Class A impulsive noise in the wireless and PLC channels, respectively. Analysis of maximal-ratio combining (MRC) reveals that detector input noise is also Class A-distributed. Expressions for average bit-error rate (BER) of a BPSK subcarrier show that BER is a function of PLC impulsiveness and significant improvement can be achieved with diversity and PLC SNR > 10 dB. In regions of low and high wireless SNR, BER curves are approximately linear with slope of 0 and -1, respectively. The inflection point between these two regions can be used by transceivers to select between PLC-only and hybrid transmission modes.
Terbium Ion Doping in Ca3Co4O9: A Step towards High-Performance Thermoelectric Materials (2017)

The potential of thermoelectric materials to generate electricity from the waste heat can play a key role in achieving a global sustainable energy future. In order to proceed in this direction, it is essential to have thermoelectric materials that are environmentally friendly and exhibit high figure of merit, ZT. Oxide thermoelectric materials are considered ideal for such applications. High thermoelectric performance has been reported in single crystals of Ca<sub>3</sub>Co<sub>4</sub>O<sub>9</sub>. However, for large scale applications single crystals are not suitable and it is essential to develop high-performance polycrystalline thermoelectric materials. In polycrystalline form, Ca<sub>3</sub>Co<sub>4</sub>O<sub>9</sub> is known to exhibit much weaker thermoelectric response than in single crystal form. Here, we report the observation of enhanced thermoelectric response in polycrystalline Ca<sub>3</sub>Co<sub>4</sub>O<sub>9</sub> on doping Tb ions in the material. Polycrystalline Ca<sub>3-x</sub>Tb<sub>x</sub>Co<sub>4</sub>O<sub>9</sub> (x = 0.0-0.7) samples were prepared by a solid-state reaction technique. Samples were thoroughly characterized using several state of the art techniques including XRD, TEM, SEM and XPS. Temperature dependent Seebeck coefficient, electrical resistivity and thermal conductivity measurements were performed. A record ZT of 0.74 at 800 K was observed for Tb doped Ca<sub>3</sub>Co<sub>4</sub>O<sub>9</sub> which is the highest value observed till date in any polycrystalline sample of this system.
Using Magnetic Levitation for Non‐Destructive Quality Control of Plastic Parts (2015)

Magnetic levitation (MagLev) enables rapid and non-destructive quality control of plastic parts. The feasibility of MagLev as a method to: i) rapidly assess injection-molded plastic parts for defects during process optimization, ii) monitor the degradation of plastics after exposure to harsh environmental conditions, and iii) detect counterfeit polymers by density is demonstrated.
Polychromatic SSVEP stimuli with subtle flickering adapted to brain-display interactions (2016)

As a first step in developing an embedded SSVEP stimulus in commercial displays, this study provides a foundation for developing a combination of three primary colour flickering backlights with adjustable luminance proportions to create a subtle flickering polychromatic light that can elicit SSVEPs at the basic flickering frequency.