gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Cross-Market Model Adaptation with Pairwise Preference Data for Web Search Ranking (2010)

Machine-learned ranking techniques automatically learn a complex document ranking function given training data. These techniques have demonstrated the effectiveness and flexibility required of a commercial web search. However, manually labeled training data (with multiple absolute grades) has become the bottleneck for training a quality ranking function, particularly for a new domain. In this paper, we explore the adaptation of machine-learned ranking models across a set of geographically diverse markets with the market-specific pairwise preference data, which can be easily obtained from clickthrough logs. We propose a novel adaptation algorithm, Pairwise-Trada, which is able to adapt ranking models that are trained with multi-grade labeled training data to the target market using the target-market-specific pairwise preference data. We present results demonstrating the efficacy of our technique on a set of commercial search engine data. 1
In vitro validation of a 3-dimensional transrectal ultrasound system for prostate biopsiess (2007)

Introduction: Transrectal ultrasound (TRUS) prostate biopsy (Bx) is currently confined to 2D information to both target and record 3D Bx locations. Accurate placement of Bx needles cannot be verified without 3D information, and recording Bx sites in 2D does not provide sufficient information to accurately guide the high incidence of repeat Bx. We have designed a 3D TRUS prostate Bx system that augments the current 2D TRUS system and provides tools for biopsy-planning, needle guidance, and recording of the biopsy core locations entirely in 3D. Methods: Our Bx system displays a 3D model of the patient’s prostate, which is generated intra-procedure from a collection of 2D TRUS images, representative of the particular prostate shape. Bx targets are selected, needle guidance is facilitated, and 3D Bx sites are recorded within the 3D context of the prostate model. The complete 3D Bx system was validated, in vitro, by performing standard ten-core Bx on anatomical phantoms of two patient’s prostates. The accuracy of the needle-guidance, Bx location recording, and 3D model volume and surface topology were validated against a CT gold standard.  Results: The Bx system successfully reconstructed the 3D patient prostate models with a mean volume error of 3.2 ± 7.6%. Using the 3D system, needles were accurately guided to the pre-determined targets with a mean error of 2.26 ± 1.03 mm and the 3D locations of the Bx cores were accurately recorded with a mean distance error of 1.47 ± 0.79 mm.  Conclusion: We have successfully developed a 3D TRUS prostate biopsy system and validated the system in vitro. A pilot study has been initiated to apply the system clinically.
Novel Process for the Preparation of Fiber‐Reinforced Ceramic‐Matrix Composites (1988)

A procedure for the reproducible production of monofilament/powder composites has been developed. The process consists of making a slurry of the powder in a solventless ultraviolet‐curing resin, and coating the fiber with this slurry in a continuous process whereby the coating solidifies immediately after leaving the coater. The fast curing prevents the breakup of coating into globules, which usually occurs with monofilaments. This technique can be applied to any composite using continuous filaments and matrices available in the form of particulate precursors. The application of the technique for preparing a silicon carbide monofilament/glass composite is demonstrated.
Treatment of experimental stroke with opiate antagonists (1986)

The effects are reported of acute and long-term continuous administration of three opiate antagonists--naloxone, naltrexone, and diprenorphine--on neurological function, survival, and infarct size in a feline model of acute focal cerebral ischemia. All three drugs produced statistically significant improvement in motor function following acute administration without concomitant changes in level of consciousness; saline had no effect. Naloxone and naltrexone significantly prolonged survival (p less than 0.01); diprenorphine did not. Infarct size was not altered by any treatment administered. These findings confirm previous work suggesting that, with the appropriate methodology, treatment with opiate antagonists partially reverses neurological deficits. They also show that opiate antagonists prolong survival in certain conditions of acute and subacute focal cerebral ischemia without altering the area of infarcted tissue.
Scale up, optimization and stability analysis of Curcumin C3 complex-loaded nanoparticles for cancer therapy (2012)

A successful effort towards formulating, optimizing and scaling up PLGA-CURC by using Solid-Oil/Water emulsion technique was demonstrated. The process used CCD-RSM for optimization and further scaled up to produce 5 g of PLGA-CURC with almost similar physicochemical characteristics as that of the primary formulated batch.
Direct-detection wind-speed Doppler lidar systems (1997)

Direct detection Doppler lidar systems for tropospheric wind speed profiling are considered, concentrating on the spaceflight application. A precisely developed model for the fringe imaging technique is extended to the case of the aerosol signal with a significant Rayleigh background. An analytic model for the Doppler precision of an edge technique analyzer with dual filters, offset in frequency, is developed, also with provision for the Rayleigh background signal. The two models are compared to recent modeling results from McGill at NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, and good agreement found. The less rigorous analytic models developed here offer insights into the design and limitations of fringe imaging and edge detection Doppler analyzers. In particular, a requirement here offer insights into the design and limitations of fringe imaging and edge detection Doppler analyzers. In particular, a requirement for wide wind speed dynamic range implies low sensitivity for he edge detection technique, but not for the fringe imaging technique. The fringe imaging and edge detection techniques are compare for relative precision, for lidar signals of specified amplitude. A detailed conceptual design of a spaceflight Doppler wind lidar system, employing a very large optical collector in order to obtain adequate backscatter signals, shows that the fringe imaging analyzer is a factor 10 superior to the dual-etalon edge detector.
External cavity wavelength tunable laser utilizing on-chip VOA (2006)

We demonstrated an external cavity wavelength tunable laser using a novel gain chip with monolithically integrated VOA function. Over 15-dBm output power and an output power tuning range of 55 dB were obtained over the whole C-band.
Soft-Decision Decoding of Reed–Muller Codes With Applications to Partial Response Channels (2004)

We propose a new approach to the soft-decision decoding of Reed-Muller codes, which takes direct advantage of the Reed decoding algorithm. The proposed decoder has highly parallel and modularized structure compared to the decoder of the random low-density parity-check (LDPC) codes. We apply the new decoding algorithm to the both longitudinal and perpendicular magnetic recording channels.
Biological function and mode of action of nuclear xenobiotic receptors (2003)

Two related nuclear receptors, the pregnane X receptor (PXR) and the constitutive androstane receptor (CAR), act as xenobiotic sensors that protect the body from a multitude of foreign chemicals (xenobiotics) and play a central role in the metabolism and clearance of steroids and toxic endogenous lipids (endobiotics). A structurally diverse array of chemicals including pharmaceutical drugs, steroids, herbal extracts, and pesticides activate PXR or CAR. This activation results in induction of overlapping, but yet distinct drug clearance pathways consisting of cytochrome P450 enzymes, conjugating enzymes, drug transporters, and other related proteins. Similar pathways are also utilized to protect the body from toxic compounds of endogenous origin. Thus, the xenobiotic regulatory circuit contributes both to drug-drug and food-drug interactions as well as endocrine disruption. Consistent with the notion that xenobiotic receptors regulate drug clearance, single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in either the receptors themselves or receptor-binding sites in the regulatory region of genes encoding metabolic enzymes appear to contribute to the polymorphic expression of components of drug clearance pathways. Together, the xenobiotic receptors PXR and CAR confer metabolic immunity via the ability to control an integrated array of target genes.
ModelPlex: Verified Runtime Validation of Verified Cyber-Physical System Models (CMU-CS-14-121) (2018)

Formal verification and validation play a crucial role in making cyber-physical systems (CPS) safe. Formal methods make strong guarantees about the system behavior if accurate models of the system can be obtained, including models of the controller and of the physical dynamics. In CPS, models are essential; but any model we could possibly build necessarily deviates from the real world. If the real system fits to the model, its behavior is guaranteed to satisfy the correctness properties verified w.r.t. the model. Otherwise, all bets are off. This paper introduces ModelPlex, a method ensuring that verification results about models apply to CPS implementations. ModelPlex provides correctness guarantees for CPS executions at runtime: it combines offline verification of CPS models with runtime validation of system executions for compliance with the model. ModelPlex ensures that the verification results obtained for the model apply to the actual system runs by monitoring the behavior of the world for compliance with the model, assuming the system dynamics deviation is bounded. If, at some point, the observed behavior no longer complies with the model so that offline verification results no longer apply, ModelPlex initiates provably safe fallback actions. This paper, furthermore, develops a systematic technique to synthesize provably correct monitors automatically from CPS proofs in differential dynamic logic.
HSP70 induces liver X receptor pathway activation and cholesterol reduction in vitro and in vivo (2019)

These data demonstrate that HSP70 exerts a cholesterol lowering effect in primary human cells and animals and uncover a nuclear action of HSP70 in mediating cross-talk between HSP and LXR transcriptional regulation.
Stereophonic acoustic echo cancellation-an overview of the fundamental problem (1995)

As teleconferencing systems evolve to an ever more lifelike and transparent audio/video medium, it will be necessary to incorporate multichannel audio, which at a minimum involves two channels, i.e., stereophonic sound. However, before full-duplex stereophonic teleconferencing can be deployed, the acoustic echo cancellation (AEC) problem must be solved in this regime. This paper draws attention to a fundamental problem of multichannel AEC that concerns the nonunique nature of the estimated receiving room impulse responses. Various potential solutions are discussed but are shown to be not entirely satisfactory.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Birefringent multilayer polymer beamsplitters (2001)

Birefringent multilayer films offer improved optical designs for both polarizing and non-polarizing beamsplitters, including color separation filters. Multilayer polymer film technology has provided a realization of some of these designs in useful forms.
A Generic Method for Rational Scalable Synthesis of Monodisperse Metal Sulfide Nanocrystals (2012)

A rational synthetic method is developed to produce monodisperse metal sulfide nanocrystals (NCs) in organic nonpolar solutions by using (NH(4))(2)S as a sulfide precursor. (NH(4))(2)S is stabilized in an organic primary amine solution and exhibits high reactivity toward metal complexes. This novel technique exhibits wide applicability for organic phase metal sulfide NC synthesis: a large variety of monodisperse NCs have been synthesized, including Cu(2)S, CdS, SnS, ZnS, MnS, Ag(2)S, and Bi(2)S(3). The stoichiometric reactions between (NH(4))(2)S and metal salts afford high conversion yields, and large-scale production of monodisperse NCs (more than 30 g) can be synthesized in a single reaction. The high reactivity of (NH(4))(2)S enables low temperature (<100 °C) syntheses, and the air-stable materials (such as CdS NCs) can be produced in air. Moreover, this low-temperature technique can be used to produce small size NCs which are difficult to be synthesized by the conventional high temperature methods, such as sub-5 nm Ag(2)S and Bi(2)S(3) quantum dots.
Cryptococcus neoformans Cda1 and Cda2 coordinate deacetylation of chitin during infection to control fungal virulence (2021)

Chitosan, a deacetylated form of chitin, is required for the virulence of <i>Cryptococcus neoformans</i>. There are three chitin deacetylase genes (CDA) that are essential for chitosan production, and deletion of all three genes results in the absence of chitosan, loss of virulence, and induction of a protective host response when used as a vaccine. Cda1 plays a major role in deacetylating chitin during pulmonary infection of CBA/J mice. Inoculation with the <i>cda</i>1Δ strain did not lead to a lethal infection. However, the infection was not cleared. The persistence of the fungus in the host suggests that chitin is still being deacetylated by Cda2 and/or Cda3. To test this hypothesis, we subjected strains deleted of two CDA genes to fungal virulence in CBA/J, C57BL/6 and BALB/c and found that <i>cda</i>1Δ<i>cda</i>2Δ was avirulent in all mouse lines, as evidenced by its complete clearance. Consistent with the major role of Cda1 in CBA/J, we found that <i>cda</i>2Δ<i>cda</i>3Δ was as virulent as its wild-type progenitor KN99. On the other hand, <i>cda</i>1Δ<i>cda</i>3Δ displayed virulence comparable to that of <i>cda</i>1Δ. The virulence of each mutant correlates with the amount of chitosan produced when grown under host-mimicking culture conditions. In addition, the avirulence of <i>cda</i>1Δ<i>cda</i>2Δ was followed by the induction of a protective immune response in C57BL/6 and CBA/J mice, when a live or heat-killed form of the mutant was used as a vaccine respectively. Taken together, these data imply that, in <i>C. neoformans</i>, coordinated activity of both Cda1 and Cda2 is essential for mediating fungal virulence.
Arabic Online Handwriting Recognition (AOHR) (2017)

This article comprehensively surveys Arabic Online Handwriting Recognition (AOHR). We address the challenges posed by online handwriting recognition, including ligatures, dots and diacritic problems, online/offline touching of text, and geometric variations. Then we present a general model of an AOHR system that incorporates the different phases of an AOHR system. We summarize the main AOHR databases and identify their uses and limitations. Preprocessing techniques that are used in AOHR, viz. normalization, smoothing, de-hooking, baseline identification, and delayed stroke processing, are presented with illustrative examples. We discuss different techniques for Arabic online handwriting segmentation at the character and morpheme levels and identify their limitations. Feature extraction techniques that are used in AOHR are discussed and their challenges identified. We address the classification techniques of non-cursive (characters and digits) and cursive Arabic online handwriting and analyze their applications. We discuss different classification techniques, viz. structural approaches, Support Vector Machine (SVM), Fuzzy SVM, Neural Networks, Hidden Markov Model, Genetic algorithms, decision trees, and rule-based systems, and analyze their performance. Post-processing techniques are also discussed. Several tables that summarize the surveyed publications are provided for ease of reference and comparison. We summarize the current limitations and difficulties of AOHR and future directions of research.
Scatter correction using beam stop array algorithm for cone-beam CT breast imaging (2006)

In flat-panel detector-based cone-beam CT breast imaging (CBCTBI), scatter is an important factor that degrades image quality. It has been shown that despite the use of a large air gap, scatter still causes problems when imaging a large breast phantom with our CBCTBI prototype. The SPR at the center region near the chest wall of a C-cup phantom is about 0.5, and this value goes up to 0.9 for the D-cup phantom. As a result, the linear attenuation coefficient (LAC) distortion and reduced contrast were obvious in the reconstruction slices. To conquer the scattering problem, the beam-stop array (BSA) algorithm was presented in previous papers by our group. Since the breast is nearly axially symmetric, only one or two more projections for scatter images are required for the BSA algorithm. Therefore, the angular interpolation part in the algorithm could be simplified. The accuracy of the BSA algorithm is evaluated with a water phantom and the error of LAC reconstruction is proven to be less than 2%. The results of a C-cup phantom study shows that the LAC distortion in CBCT breast imaging could be corrected, and the CNR of target tumors is increased by a small amount. The number of sampled scattering patterns for CBCTBI is also discussed. The results showed that the BSA algorithm worked well for our CBCTBI prototype system. It could remove the scatter efficiently and improve the image quality.
Optically optimized transmittive and reflective bistable twisted nematic liquid crystal displays (2000)

A new Mueller matrix approach is developed for the design of optical modes for all nematic liquid crystal displays (LCD). In particular, for linearly polarized light going into the LC cell, conditions for linear polarization and circular polarization outputs are obtained. By considering the switching between different polarization modes, new transmittive and reflective bistable twisted nematic (BTN) LCD operating conditions with optimized contrast and brightness are discovered. A passive matrix driven single polarizer reflective BTN display was fabricated with reasonably good measured optical performance and fast selection time.
New developments for virtual model displays (1997)

This article introduces two new technology developments in the field of virtual model displays (VMD). Projection-based stereo systems have typically only been able to produce a single head-tracked image and have been constrained to non-adjustable surfaces.The first new technology, the Duo, allows two simultaneous and individually head-tracked stereo pairs to be displayed. This brings the virtual models to life, as two people can now share the workspace by pointing at the model and sharing virtual props to manipulate the model just as if it were sitting in front of them. The motion of either viewer does not impact the view of the other.The second new development in the field of VMDs is the ability to adjust the angle of the projection surface to provide a natural workspace depending on the application and associated virtual models.
An architecture for the aggregation and analysis of scholarly usage data (2006)

Although recording of usage data is common in scholarly information services, its exploitation for the creation of value-added services remains limited due to concerns regarding, among others, user privacy, data validity, and the lack of accepted standards for the representation, sharing and aggregation of usage data. This paper presents a technical, standards-based architecture for sharing usage information, which we have designed and implemented. In this architecture, OpenURL-compliant linking servers aggregate usage information of a specific user community as it navigates the distributed information environment that it has access to. This usage information is made OAI-PMH harvestable so that usage information exposed by many linking servers can be aggregated to facilitate the creation of value-added services with a reach beyond that of a single community or a single information service. This paper also discusses issues that were encountered when implementing the proposed approach, and it presents preliminary results obtained from analyzing a usage data set containing about 3,500,000 requests aggregated by a federation of linking servers at the California State University system over a 20 month period.
Exudative macular degeneration and intravitreal triamcinolone A pilot study (1995)

The preliminary results are encouraging and no serious side effects of a single injection of triamcinolone have been detected in patients followed for up to 18 months. The treatment should, however, continue to be regarded as unproven and only administered in the context of a prospective, case-controlled clinical trial.
Kinetics of glycerol conversion to hydrocarbon fuels over Pd/H‐ZSM‐5 catalyst (2017)

The utilization of glycerol, primary byproduct of biodiesel production, is important to enhance process economics. In our recent prior work, it was shown that glycerol can be converted to hydrocarbon fuels over bifunctional catalysts, containing a noble metal supported on H‐ZSM‐5. Over Pd/H‐ZSM‐5 catalyst, an optimal ∼60% yield of hydrocarbon fuels was obtained. In the present work, based on experimental data over Pd/H‐ZSM‐5 catalyst, a lumped reaction network and kinetic model are developed. Using differential kinetic experiments over the temperature range 300–450°C, the rate constants, reaction orders, and activation energies are obtained for each reaction step. The predicted values match well with experimental data for glycerol conversion up to ∼90%. © 2017 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J , 63: 5445–5451, 2017
Microwave-assisted Intramolecular Dehydrogenative Diels-Alder Reactions for the Synthesis of Functionalized Naphthalenes/Solvatochromic Dyes (2013)

Functionalized naphthalenes have applications in a variety of research fields ranging from the synthesis of natural or biologically active molecules to the preparation of new organic dyes. Although numerous strategies have been reported to access naphthalene scaffolds, many procedures still present limitations in terms of incorporating functionality, which in turn narrows the range of available substrates. The development of versatile methods for direct access to substituted naphthalenes is therefore highly desirable. The Diels-Alder (DA) cycloaddition reaction is a powerful and attractive method for the formation of saturated and unsaturated ring systems from readily available starting materials. A new microwave-assisted intramolecular dehydrogenative DA reaction of styrenyl derivatives described herein generates a variety of functionalized cyclopenta[b]naphthalenes that could not be prepared using existing synthetic methods. When compared to conventional heating, microwave irradiation accelerates reaction rates, enhances yields, and limits the formation of undesired byproducts. The utility of this protocol is further demonstrated by the conversion of a DA cycloadduct into a novel solvatochromic fluorescent dye via a Buchwald-Hartwig palladium-catalyzed cross-coupling reaction. Fluorescence spectroscopy, as an informative and sensitive analytical technique, plays a key role in research fields including environmental science, medicine, pharmacology, and cellular biology. Access to a variety of new organic fluorophores provided by the microwave-assisted dehydrogenative DA reaction allows for further advancement in these fields.