gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Estimating Millions of Dynamic Timing Patterns in Real Time (2001)

In some business applications, the transaction behavior of each customer is tracked separately with a customer signature. A customer's signature for buying behavior, for example, may contain information on the likely place of purchase, value of goods purchased, type of goods purchased, and timing of purchases. The signature may be updated whenever the customer makes a transaction, and, because of storage limitations, the updating may be able to use only the new transaction and the summarized information in the customer's current signature. Standard sequential updating schemes, such as exponentially weighted moving averaging, can be used to update a characteristic that is observed at random, but timing variables like day of the week are not observed at random, and standard sequential estimates of their distributions can be badly biased. This article derives a fast, space-efficient sequential estimator for timing distributions that is based on a Poisson model that has periodic rates that may evolve over time. The sequential estimator is a variant of an exponentially weighted moving average. It approximates the posterior mean under a dynamic Poisson timing model and has good asymptotic properties. Simulations show that it also has good finite sample properties. A telecommunications application to a random sample of 2,000 customers shows that the model assumptions are adequate and that the sequential estimator can be useful in practice.
Plasma polymerization of tetrafluoroethylene (1979)

Abstract The plasma polymerization of C 2 F 4 was carried out in both continuous wave and pulsed rf discharges to establish the effects of reaction conditions on the kinetics of polymer deposition and the polymer structure. ESCA spectra of the polymer show evidence for CF 3 , CF 2 , and CH 2  groups. Under conditions favoring low deposition rates, the dominant functional group is CF 2 . At higher deposition rates the concentration of CF 2  groups is reduced and a more crosslinked polymer is produced. Both polymer deposition rates and polymer structures were essentially identical when using continuous wave and pulsed rf discharges.
G-CSF as an Adjunctive Therapy with Umbilical Cord Blood Cell Transplantation for Traumatic Brain Injury (2015)

Traumatic brain injury (TBI), a major contributor to deaths and permanent disability worldwide, has been recently described as a progressive cell death process rather than an acute event. TBI pathophysiology is complicated and can be distinguished by the initial primary injury and the subsequent secondary injury that ensues days after the trauma. Therapeutic opportunities for TBI remain very limited with patients subjected to surgery or rehabilitation therapy. The efficacy of stem cell-based interventions, as well as neuroprotective agents in other neurological disorders of which pathologies overlap with TBI, indicates their potential as alternative TBI treatments. Furthermore, their therapeutic limitations may be augmented when combination therapy is pursued instead of using a single agent. Indeed, we demonstrated remarkable combined efficacy of human umbilical cord blood (hUCB) cell therapy and granulocyte-colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF) treatment in TBI models, providing essential evidence for the translation of this approach to treat TBI. Further studies are warranted to determine the mechanisms underlying therapeutic benefits exerted by hUCB + G-CSF in order to enhance its safety and efficacy in the clinic.
Increasing multicore system efficiency through intelligent bandwidth shifting (2015)

Memory bandwidth is a crucial resource in computing systems. Current CMP/SMT processors have a significant number of cores and they can run many threads concurrently. This large thread count adds high pressure to the memory bus, which demands high bandwidth to service memory requests from the cores. Hardware data prefetching is a well-known technique for hiding memory latency. Due to its speculative nature, however, in some situations prefetching does not effectively work, wasting memory bandwidth and polluting the caches. Data prefetching efficiency depends on the prefetching algorithm. It also depends on the characteristics of the applications running on the system. In this paper we propose an online bandwidth shifting mechanism that dynamically assigns bandwidth to applications according to their prefetch efficiency. This mechanism maximizes the utilization of memory bandwidth, thereby improving system performance and/or reducing memory power consumption. To the best of our knowledge, this solution is the first to not require hardware support. We evaluate the benefits of using our bandwidth shifting mechanism on a real system - the IBM POWER7. We obtain speedups in the order of 10-20% (in one instance, speedup exceeds 1.6X). Our mechanism does not generate a significant degree of unfairness among the applications. In many cases individual thread performance increases by 10-35%, while virtually no thread experiences a slowdown larger than 5%.
Ultrasensitive parity-time-symmetric micro-ring laser gyroscope (2017)

We propose a new scheme for ultrasensitive micro-scale ring laser gyroscopes based on the physics of exceptional points. In judiciously de signed non-Hermitian systems, the frequency s plitting becomes proportional to the square root of the gyration speed, thus enhancing the sensitivity to low rotation by orders of magnitudes.
Detection of microcalcifications in breast tomosynthesis reconstructed with multiscale bilateral filtering regularization (2013)

We are developing a CAD system to assist radiologists in detecting microcalcification clusters (MCs) in digital breast tomosynthesis (DBT). In this study, we investigated the feasibility of using as input to the CAD system an enhanced DBT volume that was reconstructed with the iterative simultaneous algebraic reconstruction technique (SART) regularized by a new multiscale bilateral filtering (MBiF) method. The MBiF method utilizes the multiscale structures of the breast to selectively enhance MCs and preserve mass spiculations while smoothing noise in the DBT images. The CAD system first extracted the enhancement-modulated calcification response (EMCR) in the DBT volume. Detection of the seed points for MCs and individual calcifications were guided by the EMCR. MC candidates were formed by dynamic clustering. FPs were further reduced by analysis of the feature characteristics of the MCs. With IRB approval, two-view DBT of 91 subjects with biopsy-proven MCs were collected. Seventy-eight views from 39 subjects with MCs were used for training and the remaining 52 cases were used for independent testing. For view-based detection, a sensitivity of 85% was achieved at 3.23 FPs/volume. For case-based detection, the same sensitivity was obtained at 1.63 FPs/volume. The results indicate that the new MBiF method is useful in improving the detection accuracy of clustered microcalcifications. An effective CAD system for microcalcification detection in DBT has the potential to eliminate the need for additional mammograms, thereby reducing patient dose and reading time.
Application of Hollow Fiber Forward Osmosis Membranes for Produced and Process Water Volume Reduction: An Osmotic Concentration Process (2016)

Produced and process water (PPW) from oil and gas operations, specifically in Qatar, are disposed of by deep well injection in onshore facilities. Disposing large volumes of PPW may affect deep well formation sustainability highlighting the need for effective PPW management. Forward osmosis (FO) was applied as an "osmotic concentration" process to reduce PPW injection volumes by 50% using brines and seawater as draw solutions (DS). The energy intensive step of restoring the salinity of the DS was eliminated; the diluted DS would be simply discharged to the ocean. Both hollow fiber and flat sheet FO membranes were tested and the former exhibited better flux and rejection; they are the focus of this study. Optimization experiments, conducted using Box-Behnken statistical design, confirmed that temperature and DS concentration had a substantial effect on performance. To validate the concept, a long-term experiment, under optimized conditions, was conducted with PPW as feed and brine from thermal desalination plant as DS which yielded an average flux of 24 L/m(2)h. The results confirmed that low-energy osmotic concentration FO has the potential for full-scale implementation to reduce PPW injection volumes. Pilot testing opportunities are being evaluated to demonstrate the effectiveness of this technology under field conditions.
13,14-Dihydroxy-retinol, a New Bioactive Retinol Metabolite (1995)

Deprivation of vitamin A (retinol) leads to reduced potential of B cell proliferation and nearly complete block of T cell activation in vitro. Retinol, which is thought to function as a pro-hormone, is enzymatically converted into intracellular messenger molecules. Thus, 14-hydroxy-retro-retinol (14-HRR) is an intracellular messenger molecule linked to activation and growth regulation of lymphocytes; whereas, anhydroretinol, another natural retro-retinoid, is an antagonist of 14-HRR effects. In this article, we describe the isolation, structure determination, synthesis, and biological properties of a new intracellular retinol derivative, 13,14-dihydroxy-retinol (DHR), which also supports the viability of retinol-deprived lymphocytes. DHR is found in numerous cell lines representing a large cross-section of tissues and animals from insects to mammals. In T lymphocytes the production of DHR and 14-HRR is up-regulated by phorbol ester. DHR is converted to 14-HRR by mild acid treatment, but not by cells; therefore DHR is not a biosynthetic intermediate in the conversion of retinol to 14-HRR. DHR is a distinct end point of retinol metabolism. Although it is linked to cell proliferation, its biological role remains to be determined.
<title>Boundary effects in 3D wavelet video coding</title> (2000)

3-D wavelet-based scalable video coding provides a viable alternative to standard MC-DCT coding. However, many current 3-D wavelet coders experience severe boundary effects across group of picture (GOP) boundaries. This paper proposes a memory efficient transform technique via lifting that effectively computes wavelet transforms of a video sequence continuously on the fly, thus eliminating the boundary effects due to limited length of individual GOPs. Coding results show that the proposed scheme completely eliminates the boundary effects and gives superb video playback quality.
Nuclear matrix protein alterations associated with colon cancer metastasis to the liver. (2002)

Data provided here demonstrate that the NMP composition is able to differentiate liver metastases from normal liver tissue and normal hepatocytes and that these proteins are also expressed in colon cancer. These results further show that the adjacent normal liver tissue changes its NMP pattern of expression. Development of an assay to detect these specific NMPs in tissue and/or serum specimens is a promising modality for early detection of liver metastases from colon cancer or potentially as a prognostic tool. In addition the functional characterization of these proteins will significantly enhance our understanding of the development of liver metastases of this disease.
Protein Thioester Synthesis Enabled by Sortase (2012)

Proteins containing a C-terminal thioester are important intermediates in semisynthesis. Currently there is one main method for the synthesis of protein thioesters that relies upon the use of engineered inteins. Here we report a simple strategy, utilizing sortase A, for routine preparation of recombinant proteins containing a C-terminal αthioester. We used our method to prepare two different anthrax toxin cargo proteins: one containing an αthioester and another containing a D-polypeptide segment situated between two protein domains. We show that both variants can translocate through protective antigen pore. This new method to synthesize a protein thioester allows for interfacing of sortase-mediated ligation and native chemical ligation.
Biotreatment of Refinery Spent Sulfidic Caustic by Specialized Cultures and Acclimated Activated Sludge (1996)

Sodium hydroxide solutions are used in petroleum refining to remove hydrogen sulfide from various hydrocarbon streams. The resulting sulfide-laden waste stream is called spent sulfidic caustic. Two microbial cultures have been investigated to compare their ability to biotreat refinery spent sulfidic caustic. One culture was a specialized flocculated culture of the autotrophic sulifide oxidizer Thiobacillus denitrcans strain F. The other was an acclimated culture enriched from a refinery-activated sludge treatment system. Both cultures were capable of complete oxidation of caustic sulfides to sulfate at specific activities of 1.0–1.3 mmol sulfide/h/g mixed liquor suspended solids (MLSS). However, the enrichment culture exhibited less stable operation in terms of hydrogen sulfide emissions and was less tolerant of reduced temperatures. Use of caustic carbonates as the sole carbon source for sulfide oxidizers and the effect of refinery waste water on spent caustic treatment was also investigated.
Azaindole Hydroxamic Acids are Potent HIV-1 Integrase Inhibitors (2009)

HIV-1 integrase (IN) is one of three enzymes encoded by the HIV genome and is essential for viral replication. Recently, HIV-1 IN inhibitors have emerged as a new promising class of therapeutics. Herein, we report the discovery of azaindole carboxylic acids and azaindole hydroxamic acids as potent inhibitors of the HIV-1 IN enzyme and their structure-activity relationships. Several 4-fluorobenzyl substituted azaindole hydroxamic acids showed potent antiviral activities in cell-based assays and offered a structurally simple scaffold for the development of novel HIV-1 IN inhibitors.
Hereditary Postprandial Hypertriglyceridemic Rabbit Exhibits Insulin Resistance and Central Obesity (2006)

PHT rabbit shows insulin resistance along with central obesity. PHT rabbit will serve as a model for elucidating genetic predisposition and pathophysiology in metabolic syndrome.
A complete cell search and synchronization in LTE (2017)

The initial process of identifying any available base station (BS) by a user equipment (UE) that wants to communicate is termed as cell search. To ensure a reliable communication, any UE has to be synchronized with the BS both in time and frequency domains. Cell search process is said to be complete once cell ID associated with long-term evolution (LTE) BS is decoded successfully. This paper presents a series of cell search and synchronization algorithms, which efficiently estimated time and frequency offsets as well as cell ID. The synchronization signals present in LTE, namely, primary synchronization signal (PSS) and secondary synchronization signal, that carry cell ID are critically exploited in the algorithms. The aforementioned algorithms are classified into two modules, namely, module I and module II, based on their computation complexity. In module I, a cyclic prefix (CP)-based maximum likelihood (ML) estimator is employed to obtain a coarse estimate of time and fractional frequency offset; however, the estimates are refined using synchronization signals. A joint estimation of timing, integer frequency offset (IFO), and PSS ID (sector ID) is carried out in module II. Both the modules operate on the cross-correlation approach of PSS with the received signal for obtaining timing and sector ID. IFO as a part of module II is detected from a finite hypotheses set using synchronization signals. Extensive simulations are carried out on a time-varying frequency-selective channel to analyze the performance of the algorithms.
STODER: a robust and efficient algorithm for handling spurious retransmit timeouts in TCP (2005)

TCP frequently experiences spurious timeouts in wireless wide-area networks (WWAN), because of the large delay variance in wireless links. Due to the retransmission ambiguity, the conventional TCP sender fails to identify spurious timeouts and therefore unnecessarily decreases the throughput. Several schemes have been proposed to detect the spurious timeouts, but they have downsides like: 1) undesirable overhead; 2) fail to detect in certain situations; and 3) may bring new security concerns. In this paper, we present a novel spurious timeout detection algorithm, named STODER. STODER exploits TCP repacketization to detect spurious timeouts without any additional overhead in data packets. Since STODER relies only on the basic TCP reliable semantics, unlike existing works, it does not bring new attacks from misbehaving receivers. Our simulations show it yields improved performance comparing to existing schemes in general situations
Platinum-Catalyzed Tandem Indole Annulation/Arylation for the Synthesis of Diindolylmethanes and Indolo[3,2-<i>b</i>]carbazoles (2013)

Various diindolylmethanes were prepared from propargylic ethers and substituted indoles via a platinum-catalyzed tandem indole annulation/arylation cascade. The resulting diindolylmethanes could be converted to natural product malassezin by formylation or indolo[3,2-b]carbazoles by cyclization.
Production of the HV1 variant of hirudin by recombinant DNA methodology (1991)

Recombinant DNA technologies now allow the preparation of virtually any polypeptide sequence. Very efficient expression systems for prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells have been developed which may yield large quantities of the desired protein. Bacterial systems are still the most widely used while alternative organisms are often considered when post-translational modifications could influence the biological behaviour of the product. For hirudin or its analogues, two important molecular characteristics should be taken into account. First, it is necessary that no extra amino acid residue, such as the initial methionine, is present on the NH2 end of the recombinant polypeptide. It is known that a free N-terminal sequence is crucial for the thrombin inhibitory activity. Second, a sulphate group on tyrosine at position 63 is found in natural hirudin extracted from leeches. Such post-translational modification has never been observed for all the recombinant hirudin preparations reported to date even though the importance of the sulphate group on the in vitro and in vivo activity of hirudin has not yet been clarified. Finally, the recombinant DNA methodology of choice for the commercial development of hirudin must also take into consideration yield and cost factors which ultimately will affect the widespread use of this product particularly if it has to compete with heparin. We will review our work on the preparation of recombinant hirudin describing bacterial and insect cell expression systems and addressing some of the questions mentioned above.
Numerical Simulation of Ultrafast Directional Beam Switching in Coupled VCSELs (2001)

A mechanism is proposed for directional beam switching through the use of two coupled VCSELs. The simulation results show directional switching at a speed of about forty gigahertz and between directions about eight degrees apart.
CaSm: an Sm-like protein that contributes to the transformed state in cancer cells. (1997)

A novel gene encoding a protein containing Sm motif-like domains was found to have elevated expression in pancreatic cancer and in several cancer-derived cell lines. CaSm (for Cancer-associated Sm-like) mRNA is up-regulated in 87.5% (seven of eight) of pancreatic tumor/normal pairs. Similarly, cell lines from cancers originating in liver, ovary, lung, and kidney show increased CaSm expression compared to their normal tissue cognates. CaSm encodes a 133-amino acid open reading frame that contains the two Sm motifs found in the common snRNP proteins, with the greatest homology to the Sm G protein (60% similarity). Two hypothetical proteins from Caenorhabditis elegans and Saccharomyces cerevisiae share even greater similarity (72.8 and 67.7%, respectively), suggesting a broad family of proteins containing Sm motifs. Antisense CaSm RNA is able to alter the transformed phenotype of pancreatic cancer cells by reducing their ability to form large colonies in soft agar when compared to untransfected cells. Therefore, CaSm expression appears to be necessary for maintenance of the transformed state.
DSFS: Decentralized security for large parallel file systems (2010)

This paper describes DSFS, a decentralized security system for large parallel file system. DSFS stores global access control lists (ACLs) in a centralized decision-making server and pushes pre-authorization lists (PALs) into storage devices. Thus DSFS allows users to flexibly set any access control policy for the global ACL or even change the global ACL system without having to upgrade the security code in their storage devices. With pre-authorization lists, DSFS enables a network-attached storage device to immediately authorize I/O, instead of demanding a client to acquire an authorization from a centralized authorization server at a crucial time. The client needs to acquire only an identity key from an authentication server to access any devices she wants. Experimental results show that DSFS achieves higher performance and scalability than traditional capability-based security protocols.
Dipyrimidine Amines: A Novel Class of Chemokine Receptor Type 4 Antagonists with High Specificity (2010)

The C-X-C chemokine receptor type 4 (CXCR4)/stromal cell derived factor-1 (SDF-1 or CXCL12) interaction and the resulting cell signaling cascade play a key role in metastasis and inflammation. On the basis of the previously published CXCR4 antagonist 5 (WZ811), a series of novel nonpeptidic anti-CXCR4 small molecules have been designed and synthesized to improve potency. Following a structure-activity profile around 5, more advanced compounds in the N,N'-(1, 4-phenylenebis(methylene)) dipyrimidin-2-amines series were discovered and shown to possess higher CXCR4 binding potential and specificity than 5. Compound 26 (508MCl) is the lead compound and exhibits subnanomolar potency in three in vitro assays including competitive binding, Matrigel invasion and Gα(i) cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) modulation signaling. Furthermore, compound 26 displays promising effects by interfering with CXCR4 function in three mouse models: paw inflammation, Matrigel plug angiogenesis, and uveal melanoma micrometastasis. These data demonstrate that dipyrimidine amines are unique CXCR4 antagonists with high potency and specificity.
Genomic meta-analysis of growth factor and integrin pathways in chronic kidney transplant injury (2013)

CAN/IFTA with chronic kidney injury is characterized by expression of distinct growth factors and specific integrin adhesion molecules as well as their canonical signaling pathways. Drug target mapping suggests several novel candidates for the next generation of therapeutics to prevent or treat progressive transplant dysfunction with interstitial fibrosis.
Binary Optic Beam Steering Techniques (1993)

The steering of a collimated laser beam is a fundamental building block for many optical systems. Common examples include bar code scanners, laser radars, laser machining applications and laser printers.
The mechanisms of human recognition as a guideline for security feature development (2006)

Security features for automated processing and / or forensic identification of bank notes have proven to reliably recognize and select counterfeit bank notes in circulation. As a result of this development the decisive first line of defense is the public, where either the criminal fraternities or opportunity counterfeiters try to place their antisocial products. Therefore those security features, which fit into the range of subconscious recognition and habitual knowledge, are those of major importance in application and development. This paper tries to answer some questions how the human recognition, its well-developed functionality and how these through evolution-acquired capabilities may considerably influence the improvement of public security features in bank notes.