gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Evaluating and Combining Name Entity Recognition Systems (2016)

Name entity recognition (NER) is an important subtask in natural language processing. Various NER systems have been developed in the last decade. They may target for different domains, employ different methodologies, work on different languages, detect different types of entities, and support different inputs and output formats. These conditions make it difficult for a user to select the right NER tools for a specific task. Motivated by the need of NER tools in our research work, we select several publicly available and well-established NER tools to validate their outputs against both Wikipedia gold standard corpus and a small set of manually annotated documents. All the evaluations show consistent results on the selected tools. Finally, we constructed a hybrid NER tool by combining the best performing tools for the domains of our interest.
Terahertz spectroscopy: A powerful tool for the characterization of plastic materials (2010)

Terahertz (THz) spectroscopy holds a high potential as non-destructive, contact-free testing tool for the analysis of macromolecules, the monitoring of plastic processing and the inspection of plastic components. Even molecular properties, such as the glass transition temperature of highly-crystalline polymers, can be derived from THz measurements. Furthermore, we have identified a plethora of emerging applications in the plastics industry. To appeal to these upcoming challenges, we developed the first THz time-domain spectroscopy (TDS) system for the inline monitoring of compounding processes, which was awarded the Otto von Guericke Prize 2009. It has been demonstrated that the filler content at the end of the extrusion line could be precisely determined by time-of-flight measurements. In addition, THz technology is capable of measuring the water content sensitively, THz birefringence measurements reveal the fiber orientation in reinforced plastics and the quality of plastic weld joints or adhesive bonds can be inspected by the interference evaluation of the THz data. Due to the outstanding dielectric contrast of materials at THz frequencies, even contaminations invisible to x-rays or ultrasonic measurements can be revealed by THz TDS imaging opening the door for a new generation of non-destructive, contact-free quality control systems.
Friction and Wear of Metal Particle, Barium Ferrite and Metal Evaporated Tapes in Rotary Head Recorders (1996)

Abstract The friction and wear mechanisms of particulate (metal particle and barium ferrite) and metal evaporated (ME) magnetic tapes were investigated. We conducted tests on these tapes in contact with metal-in-gap (MIG) video heads, using a rotary head recorder in the still (pause) mode. We measured signal degradation and friction during the tests. We conducted chemical and surface analyses of the interface components after the tests. We found discernible differences between the tribological behavior of particulate tapes, and that of the ME tape. The particulate tapes exhibited a more stable friction and head output than the ME tape. We attributed this to a cleaner contact region, due to effective action of the head cleaning agents (HCAs) found in the particulate tapes. The particulate tapes exhibited wear lifetime longer by an order of magnitude, than that of the ME tape. Mild continuous adhesive wear occurred on particulate tapes followed by catastrophic failure. Tape fatigue possibly led to the catastrophic failure. On the ME tape surface, damage initiated at high points or bumps, which resulted in localized delaminations of the tape coating. This led to a catastrophic removal of the entire magnetic coating over the rubbing track. The major difference between the particulate and ME tapes was that signal dropouts concurrent with increases in friction, which resulted from debris accumulation on the video head, preceded the catastrophic failure in the case of ME tapes. We investigated the running-in process of the video head. We found that the durability of a tape and the initial head output increased, and the initial friction force on a tape decreased, as the head ran-in with the tape. We attributed this result to the tape forming a favorable contour on the head rubbing surface. Deposits on the head surface consisted of binder for the particulate tapes, and lubricant and the magnetic coating for ME tape. Tape materials transferred preferentially to the recessed metal core and the recessed glass of the MIG head.
Blood Pressure, Risk of Ischemic Cerebrovascular and Ischemic Heart Disease, and Longevity in α <sub>1</sub> -Antitrypsin Deficiency (2003)

ZZ alpha(1)-antitrypsin deficiency and MZ intermediate deficiency in the context of IHD are associated with reduced blood pressure, and MZ is associated with reduced risk of ICVD and IHD. Because MZ heterozygosity was associated with increased age, MZ heterozygosity could be a beneficial condition.
NASICON-type air-stable and all-climate cathode for sodium-ion batteries with low cost and high-power density (2019)

The development of low-cost and long-lasting all-climate cathode materials for the sodium ion battery has been one of the key issues for the success of large-scale energy storage. One option is the utilization of earth-abundant elements such as iron. Here, we synthesize a NASICON-type tuneable Na<sub>4</sub>Fe<sub>3</sub>(PO<sub>4</sub>)<sub>2</sub>(P<sub>2</sub>O<sub>7</sub>)/C nanocomposite which shows both excellent rate performance and outstanding cycling stability over more than 4400 cycles. Its air stability and all-climate properties are investigated, and its potential as the sodium host in full cells has been studied. A remarkably low volume change of 4.0% is observed. Its high sodium diffusion coefficient has been measured and analysed via first-principles calculations, and its three-dimensional sodium ion diffusion pathways are identified. Our results indicate that this low-cost and environmentally friendly Na<sub>4</sub>Fe<sub>3</sub>(PO<sub>4</sub>)<sub>2</sub>(P<sub>2</sub>O<sub>7</sub>)/C nanocomposite could be a competitive candidate material for sodium ion batteries.
Rebalancing the rebalancers: optimally routing vehicles and drivers in mobility-on-demand systems (2013)

In this paper we study rebalancing strategies for a mobility-on-demand urban transportation system blending customer-driven vehicles with a taxi service. In our system, a customer arrives at one of many designated stations and is transported to any other designated station, either by driving themselves, or by being driven by an employed driver. When some origins and destinations are more popular than others, vehicles will become unbalanced, accumulating at some stations and becoming depleted at others. This problem is addressed by employing rebalancing drivers to drive vehicles from the popular destinations to the unpopular destinations. However, with this approach the rebalancing drivers themselves become unbalanced, and we need to “rebalance the rebalancers” by letting them travel back to the popular destinations with a customer. In this paper we study how to optimally route the rebalancing vehicles and drivers so that the number of waiting customers remains bounded while minimizing the number of rebalancing vehicles traveling in the network and the number of rebalancing drivers needed; surprisingly, these two objectives are aligned, and one can find the optimal rebalancing strategy by solving two decoupled linear programs. We determine the minimum number of drivers and minimum number of vehicles needed to ensure stability in the system. Our simulations suggest that, in Euclidean network topologies, one would need between 1/3 and 1/4 as many drivers as vehicles.
Selective P2X7 receptor antagonists for chronic inflammation and pain (2008)

ATP, acting on P2X(7) receptors, stimulates changes in intracellular calcium concentrations, maturation, and release of interleukin-1beta (IL-1beta), and following prolonged agonist exposure, cell death. The functional effects of P2X(7) receptor activation facilitate several proinflammatory processes associated with arthritis. Within the nervous system, these proinflammatory processes may also contribute to the development and maintenance of chronic pain. Emerging data from genetic knockout studies have indicated specific roles for P2X(7) receptors in inflammatory and neuropathic pain states. The discovery of multiple distinct chemical series of potent and highly selective P2X(7) receptor antagonists have enhanced our understanding of P2X(7) receptor pharmacology and the diverse array of P2X(7) receptor signaling mechanisms. These antagonists have provided mechanistic insight into the role(s) P2X(7) receptors play under pathophysiological conditions. In this review, we integrate the recent discoveries of novel P2X(7) receptor-selective antagonists with a brief update on P2X(7) receptor pharmacology and its therapeutic potential.
Flicker reduction technique in MPEG-2 video by post-processing (2005)

Flicker is one of the artifacts of MPEG-2 coded video caused by the display's gamma characteristics and depends on the picture texture. In order to improve the picture quality, we have developed a technique of reducing the flicker by display gamma simulations in the decoded pictures. The effectiveness was confirmed by experiments. The process is less complex, and the implementation of this technique in digital TV receivers is expected to improve the coded picture quality.
Inserção do bibliotecário na equipe multidisciplinarde ensino a distância: crítica ao princípio de autonomia para aprendizagem e busca de informações (2008)

O trabalho identifica três características que as Bibliotecas Digitais e o Ensino a Distância têm em comum: uma proposta que rompe com a concepção de “espaço”, a suposta autonomia para aprendizagem e uma grande divergência conceitual em relação aos termos. A discussão central objetiva defender a inclusão de um profissional da informação na equipe multidisciplinar de Ensino a Distância. Este profissional, geralmente com formação na área de Biblioteconomia exercerá o mesmo papel que o bibliotecário de referência exerce no ensino tradicional e poderá ser chamado de cibertecário. O estudo também aborda a questão da autonomia na aprendizagem em ambientes virtuais e sua interferência na implantação de bibliotecas nos projetos de EAD. As questões éticas de informação são comentadas relacionando-se os serviços disponibilizados pelas bibliotecas tradicionais e Bibliotecas Digitais.
General parameterization of Auger recombination in crystalline silicon (2002)

A parameterization for band-to-band Auger recombination in silicon at 300 K is proposed. This general parameterization accurately fits the available experimental lifetime data for arbitrary injection level and arbitrary dopant density, for both n-type and p-type dopants. We confirm that Auger recombination is enhanced above the traditional free-particle rate at both low injection and high injection conditions. Further, the rate of enhancement is shown to be less for highly injected intrinsic silicon than for lowly injected doped silicon, consistent with the theory of Coulomb-enhanced Auger recombination. Variations on the parameterization are discussed.
The Do-Calculus Revisited (2012)

The do-calculus was developed in 1995 to facilitate the identification of causal effects in non-parametric models. The completeness proofs of [Huang and Valtorta, 2006] and [Shpitser and Pearl, 2006] and the graphical criteria of [Tian and Shpitser, 2010] have laid this identification problem to rest. Recent explorations unveil the usefulness of the do-calculus in three additional areas: mediation analysis [Pearl, 2012], transportability [Pearl and Bareinboim, 2011] and metasynthesis. Meta-synthesis (freshly coined) is the task of fusing empirical results from several diverse studies, conducted on heterogeneous populations and under different conditions, so as to synthesize an estimate of a causal relation in some target environment, potentially different from those under study. The talk surveys these results with emphasis on the challenges posed by meta-synthesis. For background material, see http://bayes.cs.ucla.edu/csl_papers.html
High-risk human papillomavirus E6 protein has two distinct binding sites within p53, of which only one determines degradation (1996)

Human papillomavirus (HPV) E6 protein can inactivate tumor suppressor p53 by inducing its degradation. We now find that high-risk HPV E6 binds to p53 at two distinct sites; one is within the core structure of p53, and another is at the C terminus of p53. Binding to the core of p53 is required for E6-mediated degradation, as shown by deletion analysis and the properties of a point mutant at residue 135. Both low- and high-risk HPV E6 can bind to a C-terminal region of p53, but these interactions do not induce degradation. These results resolve previous seemingly contradictory findings that attributed the distinctive functional properties of high- and low-risk E6 proteins to either a difference in their abilities to associate with p53 or a difference in their N-terminal structures.
Fabrication of ultrathin magnetic structures by nanostencil lithography in dynamic mode (2007)

The fabrication of magnetic elements containing constrictions is demonstrated using nanostencil lithography in dynamic mode, i.e., by a continuous translation of a shadow mask with respect to the sample. The authors quantify the current resolution limits of this technique, demonstrating edge profile widths of 120nm and thickness variations of 10%, and discuss prospects and challenges of dynamic nanostencil lithography.
Antibacterial activity of hen egg white lysozyme against Listeria monocytogenes Scott A in foods (1989)

Egg white lysozyme killed or prevented growth of Listeria monocytogenes Scott A in several foods. Lysozyme was more active in vegetables than in animal-derived foods that we tested. For maximum activity in certain foods, EDTA was required in addition to lysozyme. Lysozyme with EDTA effectively killed inoculated populations of 10(4) L. monocytogenes per g in fresh corn, fresh green beans, shredded cabbage, shredded lettuce, and carrots during storage at 5 degrees C. Control incubations without lysozyme supported growth of L. monocytogenes to 10(6) to 10(7)/g. Lysozyme had less activity in animal-derived foods, including fresh pork sausage (bratwurst) and Camembert cheese. In bratwurst, lysozyme with EDTA prevented L. monocytogenes from growing for 2 to 3 weeks but did not kill significant numbers of cells and did not prevent eventual growth. The control sausages not containing lysozyme supported rapid and heavy growth, which indicated that lysozyme was bacteriostatic for 2 to 3 weeks in fresh pork sausage. We also prepared Camembert cheese containing 10(4) L. monocytogenes cells per g and investigated the changes during ripening in cheeses supplemented with lysozyme and EDTA. Cheeses with lysozyme by itself or together with EDTA reduced the L. monocytogenes population by approximately 10-fold over the first 3 to 4 weeks of ripening. In the same period, the control cheese wheels without added lysozyme with and without chelator slowly started to grown and eventually reached 10(6) to 10(7) CFU/g after 55 days of ripening.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Effective march algorithms for testing single-order addressed memories (2002)

The testing problems for the single-order addressed (SOA) memory, are discussed and a family of test algorithms for it are presented. SOA memories are used in various applications, such as FIFOs, where the sequence of addressing need to be in a certain order, more specifically in a single-order (e.g., from address 0 to n-1). Consequently this restricted addressing capability allows faster address generation, and hence shorter overall access time. The existing march test algorithms, which are developed to test random-access memories, cannot be adopted by the users of SOA memories, due to the fact that all these algorithms march through the memory in two directions; whereas SOA memories are limited in terms of address order to a single direction. However, the existing march tests provide a basis for a new family of algorithms targeting SOA memories. These algorithms can be used as externally applied tests or can be implemented as BIST hardware.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Stem cells take a shortcut to the bone marrow (2003)

One of the major problems limiting stem cell–based therapies, beyond simple transplantation of mononuclear cells or positive selection of CD34+ cells, is the absence of a clear understanding of the composition of the stem cell (HSC) pool in humans. The right cell must be targeted for the right
Hierarchic control architecture for intelligent structures (1991)

A new hierarchic control architecture is presented for flexible structures with widely distributed actuators and sensors. The control arrangement is a two-level combination of a centralized global controller and a set of distributed residual controllers. The global controller governs the overall motion of the structure using a reduced-order model of the finite element system. The residual controllers aggregate and pass information up to the global controller. The residual controllers also regulate the local deviations between the system and estimates obtained from the global model. A method for calculating the global and residual models and their associated controllers is developed. The coupling between these two structural models is also discussed, and some techniques for minimizing its effects are given. Finally, a simple example demonstrating the advantages of this design approach is presented. AgAr C e Fr) K M mi n
Improved Radar Ice Water Content Retrieval Algorithms Using Coincident Microphysical and Radar Measurements (2005)

Abstract Airborne radar reflectivity measurements at frequencies of 9.6 and 94 GHz, with collocated, in situ particle size distribution and ice water content measurements from the Cirrus Regional Study of Tropical Anvils and Cirrus Layers (CRYSTAL) Florida Area Cirrus Experiment (FACE) in Florida in July 2002, offer one of the first opportunities to evaluate and improve algorithms for retrieving ice water content from single-wavelength spaceborne radar measurements. Both ice water content and radar reflectivity depend on the distribution of particle mass with size. It is demonstrated that single, power-law, mass dimensional relationships are unable to adequately account for the dominating contribution of small particles at lower reflectivities and large particles at higher reflectivities. To circumvent the need for multiple, or complex, mass dimensional relationships, analytic expressions that use particle ensemble mean ice particle densities that are derived from the coincident microphysical and radar observations are developed. These expressions, together with more than 5000 CRYSTAL FACE size distributions, are used to develop radar reflectivity–ice water content relationships for the two radar wavelengths that appear to provide improvements over earlier relationships, at least for convectively generated stratiform ice clouds.
Software bug localization with markov logic (2014)

Software bug localization is the problem of determining buggy statements in a software system. It is a crucial and expensive step in the software debugging process. Interest in it has grown rapidly in recent years, and many approaches have been proposed. However, existing approaches tend to use isolated information to address the problem, and are often ad hoc. In particular, most existing approaches predict the likelihood of a statement being buggy sequentially and separately.
A Real Estate Valuation Model Using Boosted Feature Selection (2021)

To estimate real estate values, a complex valuation model based on artificial neural network (ANN) has been established as a successful means in modern machine learning research, specifically when high-dimensional data are available. Unfortunately, the real estate data in many locations, such as Thailand, are quite limited in terms of features. Hence, it becomes mandatory to reduce the complexity using feature selection techniques. These techniques aim to improve performance by identifying significant factors and help decrease the computational overload and model construction. However, due to the lack of explicability and interpretability in ANNs, the analysis of input factors cannot be explained directly by model composition. In this research, we apply a combination of a boosting strategy and input sensitivity analysis in an improved Garson's algorithm to perform feature selection that can adjust its selection criteria through each iteration on an ANN model. This proposed technique is then compared with other traditional feature selection techniques using synthetic data and real-world house valuation data. The results show that our model can maintain the sensitivity coefficient for every informative feature. The technique of this study provides a set of features that influences the house price and implies the character of each specific area. It also contributes to statistical improvement in most valuation cases, with a lower error than that obtained without a selected feature dataset, and it placed in the top 24% of the public leaderboard in the Zillow Prize competition.
Toll-Like Receptor 3 and Suppressor of Cytokine Signaling Proteins Regulate CXCR4 and CXCR7 Expression in Bone Marrow-Derived Human Multipotent Stromal Cells (2012)

These results demonstrate that SOCS1 and SOCS3 each play a functionally distinct role in modulating TLR3, JAK/STAT, and CXCR4/CXCR7 signaling in hMSC and shed further light on the way hMSC respond to danger signals.
Thermodynamic optimization of an open cycle of an externally fired micro gas turbine. Part 2: Performance optimization (2012)

The power and efficiency of the open regenerative cycle of an externally fired micro gas turbine power plant without blade cooling with pressure drop irreversibilities are optimized based on the model established using thermodynamic optimization theory in Part 1 of this article by adjusting the mass flow rate (or the distribution of pressure losses along the flow path). It is shown that there are optimal air mass flow rates (or the distribution of pressure losses along the flow path) which maximize the net power output, and the maximum has an additional maximum with respect to the compressor pressure ratio. When the optimization is performed with the constraints of the fixed fuel flow and the plant size, the net power output and the thermal conversion efficiency of the cycle can be maximized again by properly allocating the fixed flow area among the compressor inlet and the power turbine outlet. The numerical examples show the effects of the design parameters on the power output and heat conversion efficiency and that both the power output and conversion efficiency increase with the increase in the effectiveness of the regenerator, which is different from the open cycle regenerator gas turbine power plant.
Vector coupled-mode calculation of guided vector modes on an equilateral three-core optical fiber (1991)

The guided vector modes propagating on an equilateral three-core optical fiber in which the component cores are identical, single-mode, and arrayed in an equilateral triangle are determined using the coupled-mode approach. It is shown that in the case of weakly guiding fibers, the polarization patterns of the six vector array modes can be correctly obtained if the vectorial-form coupled-mode theory is applied and the coupling among the six HE/sub 11/ modes of the individual cores is considered. However, it is found that the accuracy of the coupled-mode analysis decreases as the fibers become more strongly guiding, and the predicted field patterns are distorted.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>