gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Efficacy of Flexion and Extension Treatments Incorpoatin Braces for Low-Back Pain Patienst With Rerodiplacement, Spondylolisthesis, or Normal Sagittal Translation (1993)

Radiographic instability seemingly enjoys the status of a well-defined clinical syndrome. The concept is widely used, and specific treatments, usually spinal fusion, are routinely performed based on the diagnosis. The minimum standards necessary to establish radiographic instability as a legitimate clinical syndrome have not been established, however. The primary purpose of this study was to determine if treatment involving bracing, exercise, and education controlling either flexion or extension postures, would result in a distinctive pattern of favorable or unfavorable results, depending on the type of radiographic instability (retrodisplacement or spondylolisthesis). Fifty-six patients meeting strict study inclusion and radiographic evaluation criteria were assigned signed to a bracing treatment (flexion, extension, placebo-control) according to a randomization scheme, designed to ensure equal representation of translation categories (retro, normal, spondy) across treatment groups, and assessed at admission and 1-month follow-up. The sample was relatively evenly divided between men (46%) and women (54%), and by age. Translation classification was related to both gender and age, with men more likely classified as retro and women more likely spondy and patients in their 20s having lower incidence of spondy and higher incidence of normal translation. Translation classification was not related to selected indices of low-back pain history. Brace treatments were not shown to reduce patient range of motion or lessen trunk strength. A significant treatment by time interaction for the modified pain interference (VAS) scale indicated improvement for patients in extension compared with patients in flexion and control-placebo treatments. In conjunction with no significant three-way interaction between treatment, translation classification, and time, it was hypothesized that radiographic instability might more appropriately be considered a corroborative sign of advanced discogenic problems. Improvement in extension treatment, regardless of the type of radiographic abnormality, suggests that the treating clinician might consider extension treatment for chronic low-back pain patients. Causes and implications for the failure of this study to provide support for considering radiographic instability as a clinical syndrome are considered and future directions for this area of research suggested.
Hydrogenation of Hydrocarbons through Partial Oxidation in Supercritical Water (2000)

We propose a new process for the hydrotreatment of heavy oils in supercritical water (SCW). The discussion in this paper is composed of three parts: (1) hydrogenation through water-gas shift reaction in supercritical water, (2) selective formation of carbon monoxide by partial oxidation in supercritical water and through combinations of these two, and (3) hydrogenation of hydrocarbons through their partial oxidation in supercritical water. In the experiments involving hydrogenation of dibenzothiophene, carbazole, and naphthalene, faster hydrogenation rates could be obtained in a CO−SCW atmosphere than in a H2−SCW atmosphere. Even in the case of a H2−CO2−SCW atmosphere, similarly faster reaction rates were obtained, which suggests that an intermediate species of the water-gas shift reaction is the actual reason for the high hydrogenation rates. Partial oxidation experiments were conducted for hexylbenzene and n-hexadecane. The selectivity of CO increased with increasing density of water, while CO2 was the main product of the gas-phase reaction. Partial oxidation of dibenzothiophene (with a sulfur-treated NiMO/Al2O3 catalyst) and n-hexadecane (without catalysts) were also examined. Hydrodesulfurization of dibenzothiophene proceeds effectively in water. For n-hexadecane oxidation, the alkane/alkene ratio increased with increasing water density. The observed product distribution is probably due to the production of carbon monoxide, which is followed by the formation of active hydrogenating species via the water-gas shift reaction. This work demonstrates that hydrogenation reactions can be greatly accelerated in supercritical water through the use of either direct introduction of carbon monoxide or in situ formation of carbon monoxide through the partial oxidation of hydrocarbons.
Mesoporous Silica Spheres as Supports for Enzyme Immobilization and Encapsulation (2005)

We report the immobilization of various enzymes in mesoporous silica (MS) spheres followed by encapsulation via the layer-by-layer assembly of multilayered nanocomposite thin shells. A range of enzymes with different molecular sizes and isoelectric points (pI) (e.g., catalase, peroxidase, cytochrome C, and lysozyme) has been examined in MS particles with a series of pore sizes. MS spheres with a bimodal mesoporous structure (BMS, 2−3 nm and 10−40 nm) show faster immobilization rates and significantly improved enzyme immobilization capacity than similar particles with only the smaller mesopores. High enzyme loadings (20−40 wt %) and rapid uptake (several minutes) were observed in BMS spheres for enzymes with a molecular size ≤ 3 nm and pI ≥ 10. Following immobilization of the enzyme catalase, multilayered polyelectrolyte (PE) [poly(diallyldimethylammonium chloride), PDDA/poly(sodium 4-styrenesulfonate), PSS], or PE/nanoparticle [PDDA/silica nanoparticles, SiNP] shells were deposited onto the enzyme-loaded spheres. The activity of the encapsulated catalase was retained, even after exposure to enzyme-degrading substances (e.g., proteases). Catalase also exhibits enhanced stability in reaction conditions over a wide pH range (pH 5−10) and retains an activity of 70% after 25 successive batch reactions, demonstrating the usefulness of the loaded particles in biocatalytic applications. The PDDA/PSS multilayer-encapsulated catalase in BMS spheres shows a lower activity than catalase encapsulated by PDDA/SiNP multilayers. However, the enzyme possesses significantly enhanced reaction stability with increasing PDDA/PSS layer number, which might be caused by a reduced reaction rate. The approach presented provides a general strategy for the encapsulation of macromolecules in MS materials.
Depression in the Elderly: The Unique Features Related to Diagnosis and Treatment (2005)

Abstract Depression affects 6.5 million of the 35 million Americans ≥65 years of age. While depression usually begins earlier in life and recurs periodically, it can present for the first time in people 80–90 years of age as well. Depression throughout the lifespan has a genetic/biological component but is also very much affected by social environmental factors. As people age, demographic factors, social support, and negative life events remain important to overall mental health, while physical illness and disability begin to take on a much more prominent role. Depression in the elderly is associated with impairment, dependency, disability, and significant distress for the individual and their family. This population is likely to present with concomitant cognitive dysfunction and medical illness, which can complicate the identification and treatment of psychiatric conditions. Bereavement is almost universal in late life and is sometimes a deterrent to appropriate diagnosis and treatment of depression. Physical frailty and diminishing social resources further complicate the treatment of depression in the elderly. Elderly individuals respond well to standard pharmacotherapy and psychotherapy treatments for depression. However, due to the high rate of relapse of depression in this population, continuous treatment is often warranted. This monograph will review depression in the elderly in the context of social disruptions, such as bereavement, caregiver strain, interpersonal conflict, role transitions, and social isolation; late-onset vascular depression and cognitive impairment; and physical illness including disability.
Transcriptomic and open chromatin atlas of high-resolution anatomical regions in the rhesus macaque brain (2020)

The rhesus macaque is a prime model animal in neuroscience. A comprehensive transcriptomic and open chromatin atlas of the rhesus macaque brain is key to a deeper understanding of the brain. Here we characterize the transcriptome of 416 brain samples from 52 regions of 8 rhesus macaque brains. We identify gene modules associated with specific brain regions like the cerebral cortex, pituitary, and thalamus. In addition, we discover 9703 novel intergenic transcripts, including 1701 coding transcripts and 2845 lncRNAs. Most of the novel transcripts are only expressed in specific brain regions or cortical regions of specific individuals. We further survey the open chromatin regions in the hippocampal CA1 and several cerebral cortical regions of the rhesus macaque brain using ATAC-seq, revealing CA1- and cortex-specific open chromatin regions. Our results add to the growing body of knowledge regarding the baseline transcriptomic and open chromatin profiles in the brain of the rhesus macaque.
Low Levels of β-Lactam Antibiotics Induce Extracellular DNA Release and Biofilm Formation in Staphylococcus aureus (2012)

The widespread use of antibiotics as growth promoters in agriculture may expose bacteria to low levels of the drugs. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of low levels of antibiotics on bacterial autoaggregation and biofilm formation, two processes that have been shown to foster genetic exchange and antibiotic resistance. We found that low levels of β-lactam antibiotics, a class commonly used in both clinical and agricultural settings, caused significant autoaggregation and biofilm formation by the important human pathogen Staphylococcus aureus. Both processes were dependent on cell lysis and release of DNA into the environment. The effect was most pronounced among multidrug-resistant strains known as methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA). These results may shed light on the recalcitrance of some bacterial infections to antibiotic treatment in clinical settings and the evolution of antibiotic-resistant bacteria in agricultural settings.
A new measurement model of interferometric radar altimeter for terrain referenced navigation using particle filter (2017)

This paper proposes a novel method of grafting one of the measurements of interferometric radar altimeter (IRA) onto particle filter that uses sequential importance resampling (SIR) to enhance the performance of terrain referenced navigation (TRN). IRA which is a terrain sensor that measures slant range, slant angle and look angle to the closest terrain point from the aircraft is introduced. The procedure of numerically replicating the measurements of IRA when the position, velocity, and attitude of aircraft, and the terrain database is given is provided herein this paper. Although the degree of accuracy of IRA measurements is higher than radar altimeter (RA), performance of TRN that utilizes IRA stays in a similar level with RA-aided TRN or becomes even worse because the way of utilizing IRA measurements remains unchanged. Proposed method estimates the slant range from each of the particles to their closest terrain point to update the position of an aircraft. Numerical simulations that use actual terrain database is presented to observe the performance of proposed method in comparison with typical TRN that utilizes RA and another that makes use of IRA measurements in a conventional manner. Performance of TRN with proposed method gets improved in terms of root mean square error of aircraft's 2D position and initial position error correction.
Caracterización de lactantes menores de 6 meses con anemia ferropénica (2016)

Introduccion: la anemia es el trastorno hematologico mas frecuente, y se define como la disminucion de la concentracion de hemoglobina por debajo de los niveles aceptados como normales para la edad y el sexo. Objetivo: caracterizar a los lactantes menores de 6 meses con anemia ferripriva. Metodos: se realizo un estudio descriptivo, retrospectivo y transversal de 29 ninos con anemia ferripriva en el ano 2015, pertenecientes a dos consultorios: Plan C y Sao Grande, del Policlinico Docente Bartolome Maso Marquez, en Granma. Entre las variables estudiadas figuraron: el sexo, los factores de riesgo, el tratamiento y los cuidados de enfermeria. Resultados: existio un predominio en el sexo femenino 20 (68,97 %). Con respecto a los factores de riesgo presentes: 13 (61,90 %) de las madres tenian antecedentes de anemia durante el embarazo. Se observo que el mayor numero de ninos (14; 66,67 %) tenian anemia ligera. El tratamiento utilizado fue el fumarato ferroso en suspension y el acido folico (1 mg), complementado con la dieta. Al 100 % de los ninos se les brindaron los cuidados de enfermeria. Conclusiones: la anemia se clasifico como ligera. Se recomendo la lactancia materna exclusiva en los menores de 6 meses. Se brindaron cuidados de enfermeria en relacion con la nutricion y el tratamiento. Normal 0 21 false false false ES X-NONE X-NONE /* Style Definitions */
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Eye Development and Retinogenesis (2020)

Three embryonic tissue sources—the neural ectoderm, the surface ectoderm, and the periocular mesenchyme—contribute to the formation of the mammalian eye. For this reason, the developing eye has presented an invaluable system for studying the interactions among cells and, more recently, genes, in specifying cell fate. This article describes how the eye primordium is specified in the anterior neural plate by four eye field transcription factors and how the optic vesicle becomes regionalized into three distinct tissue types. Specific attention is given to how cross talk between the optic vesicle and surface ectoderm contributes to lens and optic cup formation. This article also describes how signaling networks and cell movements set up axes in the optic cup and establish the multiple cell fates important for vision. How multipotent retinal progenitor cells give rise to the six neuronal and one glial cell type in the mature retina is also explained. Finally, the history and progress of cellular therapeutics for the treatment of degenerative eye disease is outlined. Throughout this article, special attention is given to how disruption of gene function causes ocular malformation in humans. Indeed, the accessibility of the eye has contributed much to our understanding of the basic processes involved in mammalian development.
Bovine factors X<sub>1</sub>and X<sub> 2 </sub>(Stuart factor). Isolation and characterization (1972)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTBovine factors X1and X 2 (Stuart factor). Isolation and characterizationKazuo Fujikawa, Mark E. Legaz, and Earl W. DavieCite this: Biochemistry 1972, 11, 26, 4882–4891Publication Date (Print):December 19, 1972Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 19 December 1972https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/bi00776a002https://doi.org/10.1021/bi00776a002research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views125Altmetric-Citations141LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Empirical Evaluation of Genetic Clustering Methods Using Multilocus Genotypes From 20 Chicken Breeds (2001)

We tested the utility of genetic cluster analysis in ascertaining population structure of a large data set for which population structure was previously known. Each of 600 individuals representing 20 distinct chicken breeds was genotyped for 27 microsatellite loci, and individual multilocus genotypes were used to infer genetic clusters. Individuals from each breed were inferred to belong mostly to the same cluster. The clustering success rate, measuring the fraction of individuals that were properly inferred to belong to their correct breeds, was consistently approximately 98%. When markers of highest expected heterozygosity were used, genotypes that included at least 8-10 highly variable markers from among the 27 markers genotyped also achieved >95% clustering success. When 12-15 highly variable markers and only 15-20 of the 30 individuals per breed were used, clustering success was at least 90%. We suggest that in species for which population structure is of interest, databases of multilocus genotypes at highly variable markers should be compiled. These genotypes could then be used as training samples for genetic cluster analysis and to facilitate assignments of individuals of unknown origin to populations. The clustering algorithm has potential applications in defining the within-species genetic units that are useful in problems of conservation.
A case series of 21 patients with non-osteo-articular tuberculosis of limbs (2013)

BackgroundTuberculosis (TB) is a common disease in a tropical country like India. The commonest mode of presentation is pulmonary, followed by lymphatic, genitourinary, and osteoarticular. An even less common presentation is non-osteoarticular TB in a limb, and this may be bizarre when it involves a bursa or muscle tendon sheath. In such situations there is often a diagnostic problem. We present a consecutive case series of non-osteoarticular TB in the limbs. We look at the various clinical and laboratory aspects that would help to diagnose this uncommon but important presentation.Materials and methodsAll cases of chronic swelling in a limb with possible features of TB, presenting to a busy orthopaedic service, were assessed for history of contact with TB patients, clinical manifestations, radiological findings, Mantoux test, blood erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR), fine-needle aspiration cytology (FNAC), core biopsy of swelling, and bacteriological and histopathological examination (HPE) of biopsy material. After confirmation, patients were treated by anti-tuberculous drugs (ATDs) under directly observed treatment, short-course.ResultsTwenty-one suspected cases of non-osteoarticular TB of limb were studied in 3 years. There was an average delay of 8 months in diagnosis after onset of symptoms. Adults of all ages were affected (range 16–62 years) with a male:female ratio of 1:1.6. Diagnosis was confirmed by mycobacterial culture in 5 cases, HPE in 10 cases, and FNAC in 6 cases. All patients responded to ATD. The mean follow-up period was 15 months.ConclusionNon-osteoarticular TB in a limb is a diagnostic dilemma and is often not considered in differential diagnosis of any soft tissue swelling in limb. This leads to delay in diagnosis, with further increase in morbidity. Failure to isolate the mycobacterium in culture and sometimes negative histopathological findings make the task more difficult. However, a strong clinical suspicion aided by investigations like FNAC, core biopsy, culture, blood ESR, and Mantoux test can lead to early diagnosis.
Topological Acoustics (2015)

The manipulation of acoustic wave propagation in fluids has numerous applications, including some in everyday life. Acoustic technologies frequently develop in tandem with optics, using shared concepts such as waveguiding and metamedia. It is thus noteworthy that an entirely novel class of electromagnetic waves, known as "topological edge states," has recently been demonstrated. These are inspired by the electronic edge states occurring in topological insulators, and possess a striking and technologically promising property: the ability to travel in a single direction along a surface without backscattering, regardless of the existence of defects or disorder. Here, we develop an analogous theory of topological fluid acoustics, and propose a scheme for realizing topological edge states in an acoustic structure containing circulating fluids. The phenomenon of disorder-free one-way sound propagation, which does not occur in ordinary acoustic devices, may have novel applications for acoustic isolators, modulators, and transducers.
Eicheinrichtung für Fahrradergometer - Calibration device for bicycle ergometers (1982)

Article Eicheinrichtung für Fahrradergometer - Calibration device for bicycle ergometers was published on January 1, 1982 in the journal Biomedical Engineering / Biomedizinische Technik (volume 27, issue 4).
Optimal energy quanta to current conversion (2011)

We present a microscopic discussion of a nano-sized structure which uses the quantization of energy levels and the physics of single charge Coulomb interaction to achieve an optimal conversion of heat flow to directed current. In our structure the quantization of energy levels and the Coulomb blockade lead to the transfer of quantized packets of energy from a hot source into an electric conductor to which it is capacitively coupled. The fluctuation-generated transfer of a single energy quantum translates into the directed motion of a single electron. Thus in our structure the ratio of the charge current to the heat current is determined by the ratio of the charge quantum to the energy quantum. An important novel aspect of our approach is that the direction of energy flow and the direction of electron motion are decoupled.