gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Information-Dense Nonlinear Photonic Physical Unclonable Function (2017)

We present a comprehensive investigation into the complexity of a new private key storage apparatus: a novel silicon photonic physical unclonable function (PUF) based on ultrafast nonlinear optical interactions in a chaotic silicon microcavity that is both unclonable and impossible to emulate. This device provides remarkable improvements to total information content (raw cryptographic material), information density, and key generation rates over existing optical scattering PUFs and is also more easily integrated with both CMOS electronics and telecommunications hardware. Our device exploits the natural nonlinear optical behavior of silicon to neutralize commonly used attacks against PUFs and vastly enhance device complexity. We confirm this phenomenon with thorough experimental results on prototype devices and present a detailed estimate of their total information content. Our compact, micron-scale approach represents an entirely new generation of ultrafast and high information density photonic PUF devices that can be directly incorporated into integrated circuits to ensure authenticity and provide secure physical storage of private key material.
Fully Automatic Potentiometric Titrations [New analytical methods (9)] (1977)

Abstract Fully automatic titration systems consist of at least two units: the sample‐changing system and the measuring system, the latter including addition of the reagent. These systems are preferably coupled to a computer. The possibilities of fully automatic titration can be best utilized if the sources of error are taken into account and the evaluation procedure optimal for the specific analysis is selected.
Comparisons of Hydroperoxide Isomerase and Monooxygenase Activities of Cytochrome P450 for Conversions of Allylic Hydroperoxides and Alcohols to Epoxyalcohols and Diols:  Probing Substrate Reorientation in the Active Site (2001)

Ferric cytochrome P450 (P450) catalyzes intramolecular rearrangements of hydroperoxides to diols by heterolytic scission of the O-O bond and insertion of the terminal oxygen atom into the resulting alcohol. The goals of this work were to further characterize the regio- and stereochemistry of P450 isomerase activity using allylic hydroperoxides and to compare these reactions with NADPH-supported monooxygenations of the corresponding alcohols. Microsomes from phenobarbital-treated rats or purified P450 2B1 catalyzed the conversions of several peroxyquinols, including 2-tert-butyl-4-hydroperoxy-4-methylcyclohexa-2,5-dien-1-one (BMPOOH) and its 2,6-dimethyl derivative (TMPOOH), to diols and to alpha,beta-epoxyquinols by predominant (>93%) cis addition of oxygen to the least hindered double bond. Monooxygenation of the 4-hydroxy analogues (quinols) yielded identical cis-epoxyquinols, and both isomerization and monooxygenation reactions exhibited similar enantioselectivities (32-74% enantiomer excess). Regioselectivities were similar for BMPOOH and BMPOH (epoxyquinol:diol ratios of 5.8-7.6), but quite different for TMPOOH and TMPOH (ratios of 0.6 and 6.4, respectively). Bulky peroxyquinols and quinols derived from the A-rings of 17beta-estradiol and estrone were utilized to further compare these reactions. Both estradiol derivatives underwent approximately equal amounts of 6beta-hydroxylation and 1,2-epoxidation. The estrone derivatives also underwent 6beta-hydroxylation, but only estrone quinol yielded a second product consistent with hydroxylation at position 16. The results support several conclusions. (i) Allylic hydroperoxides may be isomerized to alpha,beta-epoxyalcohols by a heterolytic O-O cleavage mechanism with high stereoselectivity. (ii) Hydroperoxide isomerization is an efficient process relative to monooxygenation. (iii) Isomerase substrates remain in proximity to the P450 oxoferryl intermediate and are rapidly captured by the oxidant. Monooxygenase substrates, on the other hand, may bind to ferric P450 in multiple orientations and undergo more extensive substrate reorientation prior to oxidative attack.
Diagnosis and management of acute and chronic oral complications of nonsurgical cancer therapies. (1992)

This article has reviewed selected oral complications that can develop in the myelosuppressed or head and neck radiation cancer patient. Many of these complications can be prevented by treating diseased oral sites prior to initiation of cancer therapy. Further, cancer treatment often causes changes in oral tissues that require long-term management. The dentist thus can play an important role in the overall care of many cancer patients.
Pharmacodynamics of Cidofovir for Vaccinia Virus Infection in an In Vitro Hollow-Fiber Infection Model System (2008)

Variola major virus remains a potent weapon of bioterror. There is currently an investigational-new-drug application for cidofovir for the therapy of variola major virus infections. Stittelaar and colleagues compared the levels of effectiveness of postexposure smallpox vaccination (Elstree-RIVM) and antiviral treatment with cidofovir or an acyclic nucleoside phosphonate analogue 6-[2-(phosphonomethoxy)alkoxy]-2,4-diaminopyrimidine (HPMPO-DAPy) after lethal intratracheal infection of cynomolgus monkeys with monkeypox virus, a variola virus surrogate. Their results demonstrated that either compound was more effective than vaccination with the Ellstree vaccine (K. J. Stittelaar et al., Nature 439:745-748, 2006). An unanswered question is how to translate this information into therapy for poxvirus infections in people. In a proof-of-principle study, we used a novel in vitro hollow-fiber infection model system to determine the pharmacodynamics of vaccinia virus infection of HeLa-S3 cells treated with cidofovir. Our results demonstrate that the currently licensed dose of cidofovir of 5 mg/kg of body weight weekly with probenecid (which ameliorates nephrotoxicity) is unlikely to provide protection for patients intentionally exposed to Variola major virus. We further demonstrate that the antiviral effect is independent of the schedule of drug administration. Exposures (area under the concentration-time curve) to cidofovir that will have a robust protective effect will require doses that are 5 to 10 times that currently administered to humans. Such doses may cause nephrotoxicity, and therefore, approaches that include probenecid administration as well as schedules of administration that will help ameliorate the uptake of cidofovir into renal tubular epithelial cells need to be considered when addressing such treatment for people.
The Heart of the Matter [The Editor's Desk (2010)

This issue starts with an article by Meyyappan and Lee, which discusses fabrication technique and potential applications for inorganic nanowires. As the authors write: “Material science is at the heart of the nanotechnology revolution, and development of nanomaterials is key to its success,” inorganic nanowires are an important nanomaterial that will offer many new applications in nanodevices just like carbon nanotubes.
Fiber Bragg grating-based thermometer for drill bit temperature monitoring (2019)

The temperature measurement of a drill bit during an implantology drilling process is proposed by using a fiber Bragg grating fitted inside the drill bit. Due to the rotational nature of the drilling process, a free-space fiber-optic rotary joint is used for interrogating the fiber Bragg grating. Due to mechanical clearances and interferometric noise induced at this rotary joint, signal integrity is strongly deteriorated and is not workable without adequate measures. These measures involve a proper fiber lensing and a signal processing in order to remove the interferometric noise. Finally, a heating measurement on an implantology drill bit is performed and discussed for drilling several holes on a pork jaw sample.
A l'origine des maux. Chasse, guerre et violence dans la conquête coloniale (Royaume-Uni, France, Belgique, 1870-1914) (2012)

En analysant les rapports entre chasse, guerre et violence dans la conquête coloniale, j’espère pouvoir contribuer aux nombreux débats qui entourent cet espace de réflexion (mortalité, pacifications, contrôle des populations, etc.). Afin de rendre la démonstration plus aisée, je me concentrerai sur le cas de l’Afrique en prenant trois puissances européennes aux parcours différents mais non moins rapprochés (France, Royaume-Uni, Belgique).\n
Multi-sensor synthetic data generation for performance characterization (2019)

This paper introduces an innovative framework for the development of multi-sensor datasets for target recognition. This framework goes beyond the paradigm of generating synthetic data to augment algorithm training; it employs carefully generated training and test data to characterize algorithm performance over any desired operating conditions, culminating in the ability to generate algorithm performance models for use in fusion, sensor resource management, and mission simulation. The current system instantiates the full path, from operating conditions to synthetic data to results, for synthetic aperture radar. Fully integrated electro-optic and laser radar paths, to be completed in 2019, will comprise a complete multi-sensor testbed for performance prediction. Future work will add sensor modes as well as automated decision and feature fusion for target identification.
Microfluidics in biotechnology (2004)

Microfluidics enables biotechnological processes to proceed on a scale (microns) at which physical processes such as osmotic movement, electrophoretic-motility and surface interactions become enhanced. At the microscale sample volumes and assay times are reduced, and procedural costs are lowered. The versatility of microfluidic devices allows interfacing with current methods and technologies. Microfluidics has been applied to DNA analysis methods and shown to accelerate DNA microarray assay hybridisation times. The linking of microfluidics to protein analysis techologies, e.g. mass spectrometry, enables picomole amounts of peptide to be analysed within a controlled micro-environment. The flexibility of microfluidics will facilitate its exploitation in assay development across multiple biotechnological disciplines.
Changes in Iowa's Capital Gains Tax (2015)

Late in the 1998 Legislative session, the Iowa legislature passed and Governor Branstad signed into law a provision that eliminates state capital gains tax when a business is sold to a lineal descendant. Why did this happen, and what are the likely effects?
The mechanism of aggrecan release from cartilage differs with tissue origin and the agent used to stimulate catabolism (2002)

The mechanisms of aggrecan degradation in adult human articular, adult bovine nasal and fetal bovine epiphyseal cartilage in response to either interleukin-1β (IL-1β) or retinoic acid were compared using an explant culture system. Bovine nasal cartilage cultured with either IL-1β or retinoic acid exhibited significant release of glycosaminoglycan (GAG). For both factors, aggrecan proteolysis occurred predominantly at the ‘aggrecanase’ site, with no evidence for the action of matrix metalloproteinases, and resulted in the appearance of the corresponding G1 fragment in tissue extracts and in culture media. In human cartilage, little effect of IL-1β was seen, but abundant release of GAG occurred in the presence of retinoic acid, with evidence of aggrecanase action. Treatment of fetal epiphyseal cartilage with retinoic acid resulted in significant GAG release, whereas treatment with IL-1β did not. In the retinoic acid-treated tissue, however, no evidence for the cleavage of aggrecan in the interglobular region was apparent. Thus, in the fetal system, agents in addition to aggrecanase and matrix metalloproteinases appear to be active. Taken together, these data demonstrate that the pathways utilized for aggrecan catabolism may vary between different cartilages for a given stimulatory agent, and that, for a given tissue, different factors may elicit aggrecan release via different pathways.
Fourier transform infrared spectroscopic study of the adsorption of cetyltrimethylammonium bromide and cetylpyridinium chloride on silica (1993)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTFourier transform infrared spectroscopic study of the adsorption of cetyltrimethylammonium bromide and cetylpyridinium chloride on silicaKing Hsi S. Kung and Kim F. HayesCite this: Langmuir 1993, 9, 1, 263–267Publication Date (Print):January 1, 1993Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 January 1993https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/la00025a050https://doi.org/10.1021/la00025a050research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views1674Altmetric-Citations215LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Nonparametric identification of the elbow joint stiffness under compliant loads (2005)

Several nonparametric system identification techniques have been used to estimate the dynamic joint stiffness of the human elbow. Most studies involved a very stiff environment, but some studies have also shown that stiffness is modified in response to environmental compliance. However, using the same identification technique used under very stiff conditions to do identification under compliant conditions leads to a biased estimate. This is due to the presence of feedback in the latter. In this paper, we use a nonparametric identification algorithm to demonstrate this problem. We then show how instrumental variables can be employed to obtain an unbiased estimate of the same. Both simulations as well as experimental data are used to this effect.
Assessment of methods and indexes of insulin sensitivity (2014)

Insulin resistance contributes to the pathophysiology of diabetes and is a hallmark of obesity, metabolic syndrome, and many cardiovascular diseases. Therefore, quantifying insulin sensitivity/resistance in humans and animal models is of great importance. Various methods are used to assess insulin sensitivity both in individuals and in study populations. Validity, reproducibility, cost, and degree of subject burden are important factors for both clinicians and researchers to consider when weighing the merits of a particular method. Some methods rely on steady-state analysis of glucose and insulin, whereas others rely on dynamic testing. Each of these methods has distinct advantages and limitations. Thus, optimal choice and employment of a specific method depend on the nature of the studies being performed. Established direct methods for measuring insulin sensitivity in vivo are relatively complex. Finally, simple surrogate indexes for insulin sensitivity/resistance are available that are derived from blood insulin and glucose concentrations under fasting conditions (steady state) or in the postprandial state (dynamic). This article highlight merits, limitations, and appropriate use of current in vivo measures of insulin sensitivity/resistance and presents the advantages and disadvantages of each. A resistência à insulina contribui para a fisiopatologia da diabetes e é uma característica marcante da obesidade, da síndrome metabólica, e de doenças cardiovasculares. Assim, quantificar a sensibilidade à insulina vs resistência à insulina em humanos e em modelos animais é de grande importância. Existem vários métodos para avaliar a sensibilidade à insulina, tanto em indivíduos, como em populações de estudo. A validade, reprodutibilidade, custo e envolvimento dos indivíduos são fatores importantes a considerar para os clínicos e investigadores aquando da escolha de um determinado método de avaliação da sensibilidade e/ou resistência à insulina. Alguns métodos dependem da quantificação dos níveis de glucose e de insulina no estado estacionário, embora outros métodos possam ser utilizados no estado dinâmico. Cada um destes métodos tem vantagens e limitações distintas. Assim, a escolha e a aplicabilidade correta de um método específico depende da natureza dos estudos a serem realizados. O desenho de métodos diretos para medir a sensibilidade à insulina in vivo é relativamente complexo. Existem alguns índices simples para avaliar a sensibilidade e/ou resistência à insulina, que resultam da avaliação das concentrações de insulina e glucose em jejum (estado estacionário) ou no estado pós-prandial (estado dinâmico). Este artigo destaca as limitações e a utilização adequada dos atuais métodos de avaliação de sensibilidade e/ou resistência à insulina e apresenta as vantagens e desvantagens de cada um dos métodos.
Molecular characterization of partial fusion gene and C-terminus extension length of haemagglutinin-neuraminidase gene of recently isolated Newcastle disease virus isolates in Malaysia (2010)

The study concluded that the occurrence of three types of NDV genotypes and presence of varied carboxyl terminus extension lengths among Malaysian isolates incriminated for sporadic cases.
Schizophrenia Diagnosis (1993)

The last century has witnessed many attempts to establish schizophrenia as a disease entity
Immortalization and characterization of rat microglial cells (1995)

Microglial cell lines from rat brain were established by transfer of a temperature sensitive simian virus 40 large tumour antigen by means of a retrovirus. Four weeks after infection, colonies were generated in the presence of neomycin and granulocyte-macrophage colony stimulating factor (GM-CSF), and subsequently subcloned. Both bulk cell lines and clones proliferate actively at 33 degrees C, whereas the rate of division was significantly decreased at 39 degrees C when the large T antigen is non-functional. At 39 degrees C, these cells take on the microglial phenotype as demonstrated by immunoreactivity to ED-1 (an intracellular antigen), OX-42 (complement type 3 receptor), W3/25 (CD4 homologue), OX-6 (MHC class II antigen) and OX-18 (MHC class I antigen). These cells are capable of active phagocytosis and retain these properties for 10-15 passages. Long-term culture of these lines and clones, greater than 15 passages, displayed a gradual down-regulation of all cell surface specific antigens that were not rescued by lipopolysaccharide (LPS), interferon-gamma (gamma-IFN), GM-CSF or colony-stimulating factor-1 (CSF-1). The expression of the SV-40 large T antigen was unaffected. These results demonstrate the feasibility of immortalizing short-term cell lines with the SV-40 large T antigen for their use in the characterization of microglial properties.
A Study on Flavonoids of Propolis (1983)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTA Study on Flavonoids of PropolisV. S. Bankova, S. S. Popov, and N. L. MarekovCite this: J. Nat. Prod. 1983, 46, 4, 471–474Publication Date (Print):July 1, 1983Publication History Published online1 July 2004Published inissue 1 July 1983https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/np50028a007https://doi.org/10.1021/np50028a007research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views1125Altmetric-Citations104LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Coils for Insertion into the Human Body (2007)

The sections in this article are 1 Introduction 2 Special Considerations in the Design of Internal Coils 3 Commercially Produced Endorectal Coils 4 Comparison of SNR for Internal and External Coils 5 Biographical Sketches Related Articles
Dissecting noncoding and pathogen RNA–protein interactomes (2014)

RNA-protein interactions are central to biological regulation. Cross-linking immunoprecipitation (CLIP)-seq is a powerful tool for genome-wide interrogation of RNA-protein interactomes, but current CLIP methods are limited by challenging biochemical steps and fail to detect many classes of noncoding and nonhuman RNAs. Here we present FAST-iCLIP, an integrated pipeline with improved CLIP biochemistry and an automated informatic pipeline for comprehensive analysis across protein coding, noncoding, repetitive, retroviral, and nonhuman transcriptomes. FAST-iCLIP of Poly-C binding protein 2 (PCBP2) showed that PCBP2-bound CU-rich motifs in different topologies to recognize mRNAs and noncoding RNAs with distinct biological functions. FAST-iCLIP of PCBP2 in hepatitis C virus-infected cells enabled a joint analysis of the PCBP2 interactome with host and viral RNAs and their interplay. These results show that FAST-iCLIP can be used to rapidly discover and decipher mechanisms of RNA-protein recognition across the diversity of human and pathogen RNAs.
Preparation of Silicon Carbide/Aluminum Nitride Ceramics Using Organometallic Precursors (1990)

Solid solutions of 2H ‐SiC/AlN can be prepared at temperatures less than 1600°C by rapid pyrolysis (“hot drop”) of mixtures of [(Me 3 Si) 0.80 ((CH 2 =CH)MeSi) 1.0 (MeHSi) 0.35 ] n (VPS) or [MeHSiCH 2 ] n (MPCS) with [R 2 AlNH 2 ] 3 , where R=Et, i ‐Bu or simply by slow pyrolysis of the precursor mixture in the case of [Et 2 AlNH 2 ] 3 . In contrast, slow pyrolysis of mixtures of VPS or MPCS with [ i ‐Bu 2 AlNH 2 ] 3 yields a composite of 2 H ‐AlN and 3 C ‐SiC at 1600°C, which transforms into a single 2 H ‐SiC/AlN solid solution on heating to 2000°C. The influences of the nature of the precursor and processing conditions on the structure, composition, and purity of the SiC/AlN materials are discussed.