gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A Study on infection symptom of infectious pancreatic necrosis virus(IPNV) in chinook salmon embryo cell line (1992)

CHSE(Chinook Salmon Embryo)-214 fish cell lines was cultured in Eagle's minimal medium (MEM) supplemented with 10% fetal bovine serum and 2mM-glutamin. Optimum growth temperature of CHSE-214 cell line was . Infectious pancreatic necrosis virus(IPNV) was successfuly multiplied and showed the cytopathic effect in CHSE-214 cell line. Infection symptom of IPNV was observed with inverted phase contrast microscopy. At 6h-12hrs post-infection, the cells infected with IPNV were similer to normal cells. At 18-24hrs post-infection, the cells were somewhat round form and a little swollen form than normal cells. At 30hs post-infection, the cells were becoming more abnormal cells. At 48-68 post-infection, the infected cells were lysed and showed the severe cytopathic effect.
Substrate-Induced Nanoscale Undulations of Borophene on Silver (2016)

Two-dimensional (2D) materials tend to be mechanically flexible yet planar, especially when adhered on metal substrates. Here, we show by first-principles calculations that periodic nanoscale one-dimensional undulations can be preferred in borophenes on concertedly reconstructed Ag(111). This "wavy" configuration is more stable than its planar form on flat Ag(111) due to anisotropic high bending flexibility of borophene that is also well described by a continuum model. Atomic-scale ultrahigh vacuum scanning tunneling microscopy characterization of borophene grown on Ag(111) reveals such undulations, which agree with theory in terms of topography, wavelength, Moiré pattern, and prevalence of vacancy defects. Although the lattice is coherent within a borophene island, the undulations nucleated from different sides of the island form a distinctive domain boundary when they are laterally misaligned. This structural model suggests that the transfer of undulated borophene onto an elastomeric substrate would allow for high levels of stretchability and compressibility with potential applications to emerging stretchable and foldable devices.
Phase Behavior of Amphiphilic Diblock Co-oligomers with Nonionic and Ionic Hydrophilic Groups (2013)

The synthesis of a series of co-oligomer amphiphiles by RAFT and their self-assembly behavior in water is described. These novel amphiphiles, comprised of styrene, butyl acrylate, and alkyl hydrophobes together with ionic acrylic acid and nonionic hydroxyethylacrylate hydrophilic moieties and with a total degree of polymerization from 5 to 17, represent a new class of small-molecule surfactants that can be formed from the immense potential library of all polymerizable monomers. Examples of micellar solutions and discrete cubic, hexagonal, lamellar, and inverted hexagonal lyotropic phases, as well as vesicle dispersions and coexisting lamellar phases, are reported and characterized by small-angle scattering. The variation of self-assembly structure with co-oligomer composition, concentration, and solution conditions is interpreted by analogy with the surfactant packing parameter used for conventional small-molecule amphiphiles.
The role of interest in memory for trivia questions: An investigation with a large-scale database. (2017)

The importance of interest for memory performance has been established in previous studies. One way to induce interest in experiments is to use trivia questions. However, previous studies have used only a limited number of trivia questions and these questions differ substantially across studies, making it difficult to ensure the comparability and generalizability of the findings. Most of these studies also have not differentiated between interest in the trivia question itself and interest in the corresponding answer. To address these issues, the current study established a normative database for 244 trivia questions with a large sample (<i>N</i> = 1498) and examined how pre-answer interest (i.e., interest in the question) and post-answer interest (i.e., interest in the answer) relate to learning performance. Participants were presented with trivia questions, asked to provide their best guess for the answer, rated their confidence in the guess, and indicated their interest in learning the true answer. Following the presentation of the answer, participants indicated their post-answer interest. One week later, participants were given a memory test on the questions. A multilevel structural equation model revealed that the positive relationship between pre-answer interest and memory was fully mediated by post-answer interest (i.e., interest in the questions' answer). Confidence had both a direct and a mediated effect (over interest) on memory. These results provide a more fine-grained analysis of how interest can fuel learning.
Comparison of Drusen Area Detected by Spectral Domain Optical Coherence Tomography and Color Fundus Imaging (2013)

There was only fair agreement between drusen area measurements obtained from SD-OCT images and color fundus photos. Drusen area measurements on color fundus images were larger than those with SD-OCT scans. This difference can be attributed to the fact that the OCT algorithm defines drusen in terms of RPE deformations above a certain threshold, and will not include small, flat drusen and subretinal drusenoid deposits. The two approaches provide complementary information about drusen.
Synthesis of 2,3-Dihydroisoxazoles from Propargylic <i>N</i>-Hydroxylamines via Zn(II)-Catalyzed Ring-Closure Reaction (2000)

A novel cyclization reaction of propargylic N-hydroxylamines to 2,3, 5-trisubstituted 2,3-dihydroisoxazoles in the presence of catalytic amounts (10 mol %) of ZnI(2) and DMAP is reported. The methodology provides a mild new approach to this useful class of substituted heterocycles that complements extant methods. The unique reactivity of the propargylic N-hydroxylamine substrates in the presence of Zn(II) and DMAP may have additional applications in other, related alkyne cyclization reactions.
ASIC cryptographical processor based on DES (1991)

To date, many commercial applications in telecommunications, data transmission and data storage require a high level of cryptographical protection. The ASIC processor, presented here, can be programmed to execute a large set of cryptographical functions, not found in other cryptographical devices. Novel architectures for both data path and controller have been designed to realize this high degree of programmability, while still reaching a high throughput. The compact processor counts 18 K transistors on 25 mm/sup 2/ in a 2.4 mu m CMOS process and yet it reaches a throughput of 30 Mbit/s for every single-encryption mode. It is the fastest data encryption standard (DES) processor currently available.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Identification of an IL-6 response element in the human LCAT promoter (2002)

LCAT is a key enzyme of reverse cholesterol transport that is essential to maintain HDL-mediated lipid transport and cholesterol homeostasis. Alterations in LCAT expression have a profound effect on plasma HDL cholesterol concentrations. Previously LCAT mRNA and activity were shown to be regulated by several inflammatory cytokines, including the pleiotrophic cytokine interleukin-6 (IL-6). A series of full-length and sequential deletion LCAT promoter constructs were used to determine whether inflammatory stimuli affect LCAT transcription and to further identify functional, cytokine-responsive promoter regions that mediate this response. Using transfected HepG2 cells, results indicate that treatment with IL-6 induced a 2.5-fold activation of full-length LCAT promoter activity. A minimal (-1514 bp to -1508 bp) IL-6 response element with high sequence homology to the signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT) family member, STAT3, was mapped within the distal promoter and shown to be sufficient to mediate the IL-6 response. Further, overexpression of STAT3 significantly enhanced the effect of IL-6 on LCAT promoter activity. These data suggest that the IL-6 responsive transcription factor, STAT3, contributes to LCAT transcriptional regulation. The elucidation of distinct biochemical signaling pathways associated with inflammation may provide new insight into transcriptional regulation of genes involved in lipid metabolism.
Fast primal-dual projected linear iterations for distributed consensus in constrained convex optimization (2010)

In this paper we study the constrained consensus problem, i.e. the problem of reaching a common point from the estimates generated by multiple agents that are constrained to lie in different constraint sets. First, we provide a novel formulation of this problem as a convex optimization problem but with coupling constraints. Then, we propose a primal-dual decomposition method for solving this type of coupled convex optimization problems in a distributed fashion given restrictions on the communication topology. The proposed algorithm is based on consensus principles (as an efficient strategy for information fusion in networks) in combination with local subgradient updates for the primal-dual variables. We show, for the first time, that the nonnegative weights corresponding to the consensus process can be interpreted as dual variables and thus they can be updated using arguments from duality theory. Therefore, in our algorithm the weights are updated following some precise rules, while in most of the existing distributed algorithms based on consensus principles the weights have to be tuned. Preliminary simulation results show that our algorithm works, an average, ten times faster than some existing methods.
Optimal Sleep/Wake Scheduling for Time-Synchronized Sensor Networks With QoS Guarantees (2009)

We study sleep/wake scheduling for low-duty cycle sensor networks. Our work explicitly considers the effect of synchronization error. We focus on a widely used synchronization scheme and show that its synchronization error is nonnegligible and using a conservative guard time is energy wasteful. We formulate an optimization problem that aims to set the capture probability threshold for messages from each individual node such that the expected energy consumption is minimized, and the collective quality of service (QoS) over the nodes is guaranteed. The problem is nonconvex. Nonetheless, we are able to obtain a solution with energy consumption that is provably at most 37% larger than the optimal solution. Simulations demonstrate the efficacy of our solution.
An analytical review of 24 controlled clinical trials for fibromyalgia syndrome (FMS) (1996)

We performed a combined manual and computer search of the FMS literature to identify controlled clinical trials in FMS from 1980 to June 1994 inclusive. Our specific objectives were: 1) to determine which outcome measures have been used in clinical trials for FMS, and the methods utilized to measure these outcomes; 2) to identify which outcome measures were most and least sensitive in distinguishing between treatment groups, and 3) to identify weakness in trial design. Our analysis of 24 clinical trials demonstrates the large diversity of outcome measures and measurement instruments that have been used to detect differences between treatment and placebo in the management of FMS. Whereas certain outcomes, such as self-reported pain and sleep quality, were frequently measured, other clinically important outcomes, such as functional and psychological status, were infrequently included in data collection. Finally, we identified several significant potential sources of bias, including potential flaws in subject selection and group allocation, inadequate randomization, incomplete blinding, errors in outcome measurement, and inappropriate analysis of data.
Subtypes of masked hypertension and target organ damage in untreated outpatients (2020)

<b>Purpose:</b> Masked hypertension (MHT) is characterised as an office normotension in the presence of out-of-office hypertension, and can be further categorised as isolated daytime (dMHT), night-time (nMHT) or day-night MHT (dnMHT) according to the time when hypertension is present. MHT is associated with adverse cardiovascular outcome. However, no previous studies contrasted these MHT subtypes in their associations with target organ damage (TOD).<b>Materials and methods:</b> Consecutive untreated patients referred for ambulatory blood pressure (BP) monitoring to our Hypertension Clinic were recruited. Office and ambulatory BPs were measured using the Omron 7051 and SpaceLabs 90217 monitors, respectively. The BP thresholds of daytime and night-time hypertension were of ≥135/85 mmHg and ≥120/70 mmHg, respectively. We performed various TOD measurements, including carotid-femoral pulse wave velocity (cfPWV), carotid intima-media thickness (cIMT), left ventricular mass index (LVMI) and E/E', estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) and urinary albumin-to-creatinine ratio (UACR).<b>Results:</b> The 1808 participants (mean age, 51 years; women, 52%) included 672 (37.2%) MHT subjects, among whom 123 (18.3%) had dMHT, 78 (11.6%) nMHT, and 471 (70.1%) dnMHT. In all participants as well as patients with office normotension (<i>n</i> = 1222), ambulatory daytime and night-time BPs were similarly associated with all TOD measurements (<i>p</i> ≥ 0.20) after multivariate adjustment. Compared to normotensive subjects (<i>p</i> < 0.05), patients with dMHT had faster cfPWV (7.81 vs. 7.58 m/s) and thicker cIMT (637.6 vs. 610.4 µm), patients with nMHT had thicker cIMT (641.8 vs. 610.4 µm) and increased UACR (0.79 vs. 0.59 mg/mmol), and patients with dnMHT had all worse TOD measures mentioned-above plus elevated eGFR (120.7 vs. 116.8 ml/min/1.73m<sup>2</sup>).<b>Conclusion:</b> MHT was associated with TOD irrespective of subtype, although TOD varied slightly across these subtypes. The study highlights the importance of controlling both daytime and night-time BP in hypertensive patients.
A 3.84 GIPS integrated memory array processor with 64 processing elements and a 2-Mb SRAM (1994)

An integrated memory array processor (IMAP) ULSI with 64 processing elements and a 2-Mb SRAM has been developed for image processing. The chip attains a 3.84 GIPS peak performance through the use of SIMD parallel processing and a 1.28 GByte/s on-chip processor-memory bandwidth. The IMAP is capable of parallel indirect addressing, which increases applications for parallel algorithms. Large power consumption with the wide memory bandwidth is avoided by reducing the number of active sense amplifiers and adopting dynamic power control. Fabricated with a 0.55-/spl mu/m BiCMOS double layer metal process technology, the IMAP contains 11 million transistors in a 15.1/spl times/15.6 mm/sup 2/ die area.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Optimal Design of a Novel V-Type Interior Permanent Magnet Motor with Assisted Barriers for the Improvement of Torque Characteristics (2014)

This paper performs a study on the optimal design of V-type interior permanent magnet motors (VIPMMs), in which the rotor is equipped with assisted barriers for the improvement of average torque and torque ripple. The approach differs from the conventional interior permanent magnet motors, in which the reluctance torque due to saliency reaches a maximum value at a current phase angle located 45 electrical degrees with respect to the maximum value obtained from the magnetic torque produced by the rotor magnets. The adoption of assisted barriers is employed to improve the torque production by creating rotor asymmetry to allow the reluctance torque and the magnetic torque reach a maximum value near or at the same current phase angle. To evaluate the contribution, the frozen permeability method is utilized to segregate the torque into its reluctance and magnetic torque components. First, an iterative optimization is performed on a concept design of a 6/4 VIPMM for demonstrating the design principle based on finite element method. Then, the VIPMM is further optimized by algorithms, such as the kriging method and genetic algorithm for improving the torque characteristics and efficiency. As a result, the optimal VIPMM with assisted barriers shows the substantially improved performance compared with a conventional design.
<title>Image Perspective Transformations</title> (1980)

This paper discusses a technique for converting digitized oblique aerial photography to gray level imagery as seen from other viewing perspectives. The one- and two-camera perspective transformations are derived and applied. Inputs to these transformations are camera model information and a stick figure representation of the scene. The required camera model information is extracted from the imagery in conjunction with limited map data. Three-dimensional stick figure models are constructed interactively using the camera model and the digitized photograph. Using the stick figure information, pixel-by-pixel gray level transformations and hidden surface corrections are performed to produce the new perspective views. The resulting images maintain the noise and resolution qualities of the original digitized imagery.
Effect of a single overnight topical application of miconazole nitrate paste on acne papules (2006)

A single overnight application of miconazole nitrate paste appears to reduce the erythematous aspect of acne papules.
An Optical Imaging Method for Wafer Warpage Measurements (1985)

A simple optical imaging method is developed for quick evaluation of wafer surface quality and warpage. Surface irregularities 50–100Å deep can be detected by this method. The detection limit is about 270m for the radius of curvature. The sense of curvature can be unambiguously determined by image contrast and image size. The principle of this method for warpage measurements is described. A comparison of this method with the optical interference method and the x‐ray method is given and discussed.
Susceptibility of Mobiluncus species to 23 antimicrobial agents and 15 other compounds (1987)

The susceptibility of 12 strains of Mobiluncus curtisii and 10 strains of M. mulieris to 23 antimicrobial agents and 15 other compounds was determined. All strains were susceptible to chloramphenicol, clindamycin, rifampin, tobramycin, vancomycin, virginiamycin, and all beta-lactam antibiotics tested, including imipenem. One strain of M. mulieris was resistant to erythromycin and josamycin. All were resistant to colistin, cycloserine, nalidixic acid, and neomycin. Tetracycline had variable activity. All M. curtisii strains were resistant to metronidazole and its hydroxy metabolite. Of 10 M. mulieris strains, 5 were resistant to metronidazole and 2 were resistant to its hydroxy metabolite. All 12 M. curtisii and 1 of 10 M. mulieris strains were resistant to tinidazole. M. curtisii and M. mulieris produced two mutually exclusive clusters of MICs when tested against ampicillin, cefoxitin, cephalothin, moxalactam, alizarin red, Evans blue, and sodium fluoride. Gardnerella vaginalis was more susceptible to Nile blue A than was either M. curtisii or M. mulieris. Clindamycin and imipenem may be useful agents in the therapy of metronidazole-resistant bacterial vaginosis. Metronidazole, tinidazole, and Nile blue A may be of value in the development of a selective agar for Mobiluncus species.
Effects of zinc supplementation in chronic haemodialysis patients (1993)

Journal Article Effects of zinc supplementation in chronic haemodialysis patients Get access M. Bonomini, M. Bonomini 1Institute of Nephrology, University of ChietiItaly Correspondence and offprint requests to: Mario Bonomini MD, Institute of Nephrology, S. Camillo de Lellis Hospital, Via C. Forlanini, 66100, Chieti, Italy Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar B. Di Paolo, B. Di Paolo 1Institute of Nephrology, University of ChietiItaly Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar F. De Risio, F. De Risio 2Health and Prophylaxis LaboratoryChieti, Italy Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar L. Niri, L. Niri 2Health and Prophylaxis LaboratoryChieti, Italy Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar H. Klinkmann, H. Klinkmann 3Clinic of Internal Medicine, University of RostockGermany Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar P. Ivanovich, P. Ivanovich 4Department of Medicine, Northwestern University and VA Lakeside Medical CenterChicago, III, USA Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar A. Albertazzi A. Albertazzi 1Institute of Nephrology, University of ChietiItaly Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Nephrology Dialysis Transplantation, Volume 8, Issue 10, 1993, Pages 1166–1168, https://doi.org/10.1093/ndt/8.10.1166 Published: 01 January 1993 Article history Received: 16 March 1992 Published: 01 January 1993 Accepted: 05 January 1993
Achieved IPC Performance (1997)

Extensibility can be based on cross-address-space interprocess communication (IPC) or on grafting application-specific modules into the operating system. For comparing both approaches, we need to explore the best achievable performance for both models. This paper reports the achieved performance of cross-address-space communication for the L4 microkernel on Intel Pentium, Mips R4600 and DEC Alpha processors. The direct costs range from 45 cycles (Alpha) to 121 cycles (Pentium). Since only 2.3% of the L1 cache are required (Pentium), the average indirect costs are not to be expected much higher.
An all-fiber-optic endoscopy platform for simultaneous OCT and fluorescence imaging (2012)

We present an all-fiber-optically based endoscope platform for simultaneous optical coherence tomography (OCT) and fluorescence imaging. This design entails the use of double-clad fiber (DCF) in the endoscope for delivery of OCT source and fluorescence excitation light while collecting the backscattered OCT signal through the single-mode core and fluorescence emission through the large inner cladding of the DCF. Circumferential beam scanning was performed by rotating a 45° reflector using a miniature DC motor at the distal end of the endoscope. Additionally, a custom DCF coupler and a wavelength division multiplexer (WDM) were utilized to seamlessly integrate both imaging modalities to achieve an entirely fiber-optically based dual-modality imaging system. We demonstrated simultaneous intraluminal 3D OCT and 2D (surface) fluorescence imaging in ex vivo rabbit esophagus using the dual-modal endomicroscopy system. Structural morphologies (provided by OCT) and fluorophore distribution (provided by the fluorescence module) could be clearly visualized, suggesting the potential of the dual-modality system for future in vivo and clinical applications.
Reactivity of Valganciclovir in Aqueous Solution (2005)

The rates of hydrolysis of valganciclovir to ganciclovir and L-valine and isomerization of the R and S diastereomers of valganciclovir in aqueous buffer solution from pH 3.8 to 11.5 were determined at 37 degrees C. The kinetics of hydrolysis were first order for at least two half-lives in neutral and basic solutions. In acidic solutions where less than 10% degradation occurred, the rate of hydrolysis was determined assuming a first-order loss in drug. At 37 degrees C and pH 7.08, the half life is 11 h. The maximum stability at the pH values studied occurred at pH 3.81 with a half life of 220 days. The kinetics of the approach to equilibrium for the isomerization were first order and the ratio of the R:S isomer at equilibrium was 52:48. Isomerization was approximately 10 fold faster than hydrolysis over the pH range studied with a half-life at pH 7.01 of 1 h. The maximum stability toward isomerization (t1/2>533 h) occurs at a pH below 3.8. The pH-rate profile for the hydrolysis and the isomerization reaction are best described by hydroxide ion catalyzed mechanisms. In acidic and neutral solutions, the hydroxide reacts with the protonated form of the drug, while in basic solutions, the hydroxide reacts with the neutral form of the drug.