gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Minimizing Offset for Latching Voltage-Mode Sense Amplifiers for Sub-Threshold Operation (2008)

This paper examines latch style voltage mode sense amplifiers for operation in the sub-threshold region, where V <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">DD</sub> <V <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">T</sub> . We show that the offset gets worse relative to strong inversion as technology scales. Furthermore, increasing the sizes of devices in the sense amplifier does not yield the reduction of input referred offset according to 1/(WL) <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">0.5</sup> that is achieved for strong inversion operation. We analyze the source of the offset and propose circuit level operating principles for minimizing its impact in subthreshold SAs. This design methodology will optimize sub- V <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">T</sub> SAs for more robust ultra low power operation.
Comparison of dose calculation algorithms for treatment planning in external photon beam therapy for clinical situations (2006)

A study of the performance of five commercial radiotherapy treatment planning systems (TPSs) for common treatment sites regarding their ability to model heterogeneities and scattered photons has been performed. The comparison was based on CT information for prostate, head and neck, breast and lung cancer cases. The TPSs were installed locally at different institutions and commissioned for clinical use based on local procedures. For the evaluation, beam qualities as identical as possible were used: low energy (6 MV) and high energy (15 or 18 MV) x-rays. All relevant anatomical structures were outlined and simple treatment plans were set up. Images, structures and plans were exported, anonymized and distributed to the participating institutions using the DICOM protocol. The plans were then re-calculated locally and exported back for evaluation. The TPSs cover dose calculation techniques from correction-based equivalent path length algorithms to model-based algorithms. These were divided into two groups based on how changes in electron transport are accounted for ((a) not considered and (b) considered). Increasing the complexity from the relatively homogeneous pelvic region to the very inhomogeneous lung region resulted in less accurate dose distributions. Improvements in the calculated dose have been shown when models consider volume scatter and changes in electron transport, especially when the extension of the irradiated volume was limited and when low densities were present in or adjacent to the fields. A Monte Carlo calculated algorithm input data set and a benchmark set for a virtual linear accelerator have been produced which have facilitated the analysis and interpretation of the results. The more sophisticated models in the type b group exhibit changes in both absorbed dose and its distribution which are congruent with the simulations performed by Monte Carlo-based virtual accelerator.
Identification of Three gp350/220 Regions Involved in Epstein-Barr Virus Invasion of Host Cells (2005)

Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) invasion of B-lymphocytes involves EBV gp350/220 binding to B-lymphocyte CR2. The anti-gp350 monoclonal antibody (mAb)-72A1 Fab inhibits this binding and therefore blocks EBV invasion of target cells. However, gp350/220 regions interacting with mAb 72A1 and involved in EBV invasion of target cells have not yet been identified. This work reports three gp350/220 regions, defined by peptide 11382, 11389, and 11416 sequences, that are involved in EBV binding to B-lymphocytes. Peptides 11382, 11389, and 11416 bound to CR2(+) but not to CR2(-) cells, inhibited EBV invasion of cord blood lymphocytes (CBLs), were recognized by mAb 72A1, and inhibited mAb 72A1 binding to EBV. Peptides 11382 and 11416 binding to peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBLs) induced interleukin-6 protein synthesis in these cells, this phenomenon being inhibited by mAb 72A1. The same behavior has been reported for gp350/220 binding to PBLs. Anti-peptide 11382, 11389, and 11416 antibodies inhibited EBV binding and EBV invasion of PBLs and CBLs. Peptide 11382, 11389, and 11416 sequences presented homology with the C3dg regions coming into contact with CR2 (C3dg and gp350 bound to similar CR2 regions). These peptides could be used in designing strategies against EBV infection.
Modeling and inversion of PS-wave moveout asymmetry for tilted TI media: Part I — Horizontal TTI layer (2006)

Abstract One of the distinctive features of mode-converted waves is their asymmetric moveout (i.e., the PS-wave traveltime in general is different if the source and receiver are interchanged) caused by lateral heterogeneity or elastic anisotropy. If the medium is anisotropic, the PS-wave moveout asymmetry contains valuable information for parameter estimation that cannot be obtained from pure reflection modes. Here, we generalize the so-called PP+PS=SS method, which is designed to replace reflected PS modes in velocity analysis with pure (unconverted) SS-waves, by supplementing the output SS traces with the moveout-asymmetry attributes of PS-waves. The time-asymmetry attribute ΔtPS is computed in the slowness domain as the difference between the paired traveltimes of the PS arrivals corresponding to ray parameters (horizontal slownesses) of equal magnitude but opposite sign. Another useful asymmetry attribute is the offset xmin of the PS-wave traveltime minimum on a common-midpoint (CMP) gather. We demonstrate the effectiveness of the developed algorithmand the importance of including the asymmetry attributes of PS-waves in anisotropic velocity analysis for a horizontal transversely isotropic layer with a tilted symmetry axis (or TTI) medium. Simple analytic expressions for the moveout asymmetry of PSV-waves, derived in the weak-anisotropy approximation, are verified by anisotropic ray tracing. The attribute ΔtPS is proportional to the anellipticity parameter η and reaches its maximum when the symmetry axis deviates by 20°–30° from the vertical or horizontal direction. All relevant parameters of a TTI layer can be estimated by a nonlinear inversion of the NMO velocities and zero-offset traveltimes of PP- and SS- (SVSV) waves combined with the moveout-asymmetry attributes of the PSV-wave. The inversion of pure-mode (PP and SS) moveouts alone is nonunique, while the addition of the attributes ΔtPS and xmin yields stable parameter estimates from 2D data acquired in the vertical symmetry-axis plane. If the TTI model is formed by obliquely dipping fractures, the anisotropic parameters can be inverted further for the fracture orientation and compliances.
Microfibrillated cellulose: Energy-efficient preparation techniques and applications in paper (2015)

Lung ultrasound is a useful tool for the assessment of patients with both acute and chronic heart failure, but the use of different image acquisition methods, inconsistent reporting of the technique employed and variable quantification of 'B-lines,' have all made it difficult to compare published reports. We therefore need to ensure that future studies utilizing lung ultrasound in the assessment of heart failure adopt a standardized approach to reporting the quantification of pulmonary congestion. Strategies to improve patient care by use of lung ultrasound in the assessment of heart failure have been difficult to develop. In the present document, key aspects of standardization are discussed, including equipment used, number of chest zones assessed, the method of quantifying B-lines, the presence and timing of additional investigations (e.g. natriuretic peptides and echocardiography) and the impact of therapy. This consensus report includes a checklist to provide standardization in the preparation, review and analysis of manuscripts. This will serve as a guide for investigators and clinicians and enhance the quality and transparency of lung ultrasound research.
Lossless data compression using adaptive filters (2002)

The paper describes the application of adaptive filters in a two stage lossless data compression algorithm. The term lossless implies that the original data can be recovered exactly. The first stage of the scheme consists of a lossless adaptive predictor while the second stage performs arithmetic coding. The unique aspects of the paper are: (a) defining the concept of a reversible filter as opposed to an invertible filter; (b) performing lossless data compression using primarily floating-point operations; (c) designing lossless adaptive predictors; (d) using a modified arithmetic coding algorithm that can readily handle inputs consisting of more than 14 bits.
A cell atlas of human thymic development defines T cell repertoire formation (2020)

The thymus provides a nurturing environment for the differentiation and selection of T cells, a process orchestrated by their interaction with multiple thymic cell types. We used single-cell RNA sequencing to create a cell census of the human thymus across the life span and to reconstruct T cell differentiation trajectories and T cell receptor (TCR) recombination kinetics. Using this approach, we identified and located in situ CD8αα<sup>+</sup> T cell populations, thymic fibroblast subtypes, and activated dendritic cell states. In addition, we reveal a bias in TCR recombination and selection, which is attributed to genomic position and the kinetics of lineage commitment. Taken together, our data provide a comprehensive atlas of the human thymus across the life span with new insights into human T cell development.
Collaborative decision making information management in airports (2003)

This paper discusses the implementation of a Collaborative Airport Information System (CAIS) to support Collaborative Decision Making (CDM) procedures and applications in airports. CAIS uses information from all involved operators to create one unique prediction of the progress of a particular flight including the progress during the ground handling. The system links arriving and departing flights of a particular airframe together with the planned airport scheduled in order to clearly see the impact that a late arriving flights will have on the related departing flight. A number of indicators and alarms are defined. These indicators and alarms prompt operators to reschedule the operations as early as possible when the preparation of a departing flight or the related arriving flights are running late according to the plan. The alarms highlight information that is not in accordance with the Airport Schedule, or duplicate flight plans corresponding to the same Airport Slot The information system is seen as a basic enabler for a number of more advanced CDM applications.
Evaluation of NLP Systems (2010)

This chapter contains sections titled: Introduction Fundamental Concepts Evaluation Paradigms in Common Evaluation Settings Case Study: Evaluation of Word-Sense Disambiguation Case Study: Evaluation of Question Answering Systems Summary Notes
Architectural Guidelines for Multipath TCP Development (2011)

Hosts are often connected by multiple paths, but TCP restricts
communications to a single path per transport connection. Resource
usage within the network would be more efficient were these multiple
paths able to be used concurrently. This should enhance user
experience through improved resilience to network failure and higher
throughput. This document outlines architectural guidelines for the
development of a Multipath Transport Protocol, with references to how
these architectural components come together in the development of a
Multipath TCP protocol. This document lists certain high level design
decisions that provide foundations for the design of the MPTCP
protocol, based upon these architectural requirements.
Compressed Sensing Construction of Spectrum Map for Routing in Cognitive Radio Networks (2011)

Cooperative relay enables general multi-hop cognitive radio networks (CRN) over cognitive radios (CR) and nodes of primary system (PS). However, successful CR networking such as routing relies on the knowledge of radio resource availability associated with location, which is a challenge of traditional spectrum sensing. We introduce the concept of spectrum map encompassing spectrum and location information to deterministically assist multi-hop routing in highly dynamic environment, while common routing of CRN paying attention to statistical nature of opportunistic links. Since it is not feasible to construct the entire spectrum map as traditional spectrum sensing only knows local information of CR transmitter, we adopt the novel compressed sensing technique to establish spectrum map based on a small number of available local sensing results, and then to reliably route packets of CRs in an end-to-end way, under the guaranteed outage for nodes in PS and no dedicated bandwidth for CRs. In other words, we enlarge the scope of cooperative sensing to effectively facilitate routing of CRN, beyond traditional CR scope, which is justified by numerical results.
Fibroblast cell therapy enhances initial healing in recessive dystrophic epidermolysis bullosa wounds: results of a randomized, vehicle-controlled trial (2013)

A single intradermal injection of allogeneic fibroblasts increases the initial rate of erosion healing in subjects with RDEB within the first 28 days but not thereafter. Further studies are needed to address the potential benefits of retreatment as well as optimal cell delivery.
The Study of Obliquity on the Ballistic Performance of Basket Fabric Composite Materials (2007)

The main purpose of this study is to investigate the ballistic resistance behavior of basket 2 × 2 fabric aramid laminate composite materials experiencing oblique impact. The ballistic resistance performance at normal impact is discussed widely in most reports. However, the reports concerning ballistic resistance behavior at oblique impact are limited in metal material. The research of the oblique ballistic behavior of fabrics composites is rarely to be seen. The ballistic results show that the degree of ricochet of aramid laminates is greater than metal (>75 ° or even more). The offset direction when a projectile perforates the laminate is converse with those of metal plates. Both sliding and embedding behaviors were found in the laminate after impact. So, the possibility that a basket weave causes a ricochet will be less than that of a plain weave.
Aging of Pressure Sensitive Adhesives. II: Use of Multidetector Sec (1983)

Abstract The use of multiple detector size exclusion chromatography is described for the study of aging of pressure sensitive adhesive films based on styrene-isoprene-styrene block copolymers. In this preliminary investigation of thin films, room temperature oxidation resulted in the formation of an easily detected carbonyl chromophore. While the chromophore concentration was monitored with a UV detector on the chromatograph, the molecular weight distribution was measured with a differential refractometer. Several important general implications of this combination of detectors in SEC are described.
Sensitivity and specificity of a gamma interferon blood test for tuberculosis infection. (1998)

The measurement of IFN-gamma released from PPD-stimulated blood lymphocytes is a specific, sensitive and rapid method of detecting Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection. The IFN-gamma assay may be a useful and practical tool for the early diagnosis of tuberculosis infection, especially in immunocompetent individuals.
A Monoclonal Antibody Against RAGE Alters Gene Expression and is Protective in Experimental Models of Sepsis and Pneumococcal Pneumonia (2011)

The RAGE (receptor for advanced glycation end products) is believed to play a role in sepsis by perpetuating inflammation. The interaction of RAGE with a variety of host-derived ligands that accumulate during stress and inflammation further induces the expression of RAGE. It was previously shown that a rat anti-RAGE monoclonal antibody protected mice from lethality in a cecal ligation and puncture model. We studied the effects of a humanized anti-RAGE monoclonal antibody in the murine pneumococcal pneumonia model of sepsis. Moreover, a gene expression analysis was performed in lung tissue of animals that underwent cecal ligation and puncture and treated with the rat anti-RAGE monoclonal antibody, compared with controls. Administration of humanized anti-RAGE mAb 6 h after intratracheal infection with Streptococcus pneumoniae improved mortality in BALB/c mice whether a 7.5 mg/kg (P < 0.01) or a 15 mg/kg dose (P < 0.01) was administered in combination with antibiotics. Gene expression analysis showed that many of the genes modulated by treatment with the anti-RAGE antibody were those that play an important role in regulating inflammation. Anti-RAGE monoclonal antibody offered a survival advantage to septic mice. This protective role in treated animals is supported by the observed gene expression profile changes of genes involved in sepsis and inflammation.
5G Network Capacity: Key Elements and Technologies (2014)

It has been projected that, in the next decade, a mobile traffic increase on the order of 1,000 times is expected compared to what we experience today. To meet that dramatic traffic growth, next-generation mobile networks are also expected to achieve a 1,000-fold capacity increase compared to the current generation of wireless network deployments. In this article, we discuss how such capacity growth could be achieved in a ten-year time frame. We discuss the techniques that we expect to have the highest opportunity for increasing the system capacity and estimate their gains based on analysis and simulation. We observe that the main driver of capacity growth is expected to come from network architecture advancements, with heterogeneous networks and convergence of information and communication technology being two of the key techniques. We also estimate that the air-interface evolution would focus not only on improving the link and system spectrum efficiency but also on facilitating the required network efficiency improvements. This article provides insights into the communication technology evolution and can be used as a guideline for technology development toward the fifth generation (5G).
Single-sensor multi-channel maximum power point tracking controller for photovoltaic solar systems (2012)

This study presents a maximum power point tracking (MPPT) method and controller for a multi-channel (N-channel) photovoltaic solar system. The N-channel single-sensor MPPT (SS-MPPT) controller is able to track the maximum power point (MPP) of each solar panel using only one output current sensor in the N-channels. Compared with a conventional N-channel MPPT system which requires N voltage sensors, N current sensors, 2N analogue-to-digital converters (ADCs) (or an ADC with 2N channels) and N-MPPT controllers along with the associated conditioning circuitries, the proposed method only requires one sensor, one ADC and one MPPT controller. In the proposed N-channel SS-MPPT controller, the MPPT for each channel is achieved by tracking the maxima of the output (load) current (resulting in the maxima of the system output power) using the Perturb and Observe algorithm and the maxima of each channel power via channel output current difference optimisation. Two algorithms which can be used to realise the SS-MPPT controller are discussed and compared. The concept and operation of the SS-MPPT controller is presented, analysed and verified by results obtained from a proof-of-concept experimental prototype.
AtABCA9 transporter supplies fatty acids for lipid synthesis to the endoplasmic reticulum (2012)

Fatty acids, the building blocks of biological lipids, are synthesized in plastids and then transported to the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) for assimilation into specific lipid classes. The mechanism of fatty acid transport from plastids to the ER has not been identified. Here we report that AtABCA9, an ABC transporter in Arabidopsis thaliana, mediates this transport. AtABCA9 was localized to the ER, and atabca9 null mutations reduced seed triacylglycerol (TAG) content by 35% compared with WT. Developing atabca9 seeds incorporated 35% less (14)C-oleoyl-CoA into TAG compared with WT seeds. Furthermore, overexpression of AtABCA9 enhanced TAG deposition by up to 40%. These data strongly support a role for AtABCA9 as a supplier of fatty acid substrates for TAG biosynthesis at the ER during the seed-filling stage. AtABCA9 may be a powerful tool for increasing lipid production in oilseeds.
The Toxicology of Mycotoxins (1985)

Mycotoxin problems are one of great concern to health scientists. Toxic fungal metabolites such as aflatoxins, trichothecenes, zearalenone and others are contaminated in our environments and induce various diseases. In this manuscript, the author will summarize the recent advances on toxicology of mycotoxins in special references to toxicological characters, cytotoxicity, genotoxicity (mutagenicity and carcinogenicity), metabolism, and biochemical mode of action. Interaction of mycotoxins with cellular components will be reviewed in order to clarify the toxicological characteristics of mycotoxins such as aflatoxins, trichothecenes, zearalenone, toxic peptides, and anthraquinoid mycotoxins.
Hydrobromination of residual vinyl groups on divinylbenzene polymer particles followed by atom transfer radical surface graft polymerization (2009)

Abstract Rigid and monodisperse spherical polymer particles with 2.36 ± 0.18 μm diameter containing residual surface vinyl groups were prepared by photoinitiated precipitation polymerization of divinylbenzene. Anti‐Markovnikov addition of HBr to the surface vinyl groups yielded a 2‐bromoethyl functionality that was used as macroinitiator for atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP), providing the possibility for further functionalization by controlled “grafting from” processes. This was demonstrated by grafting of glycidyl methacrylate brushes from the particle surface, using an ATRP system based on CuBr and pentamethyl diethylenetriamine. Existence of a methacrylic overlayer was verified by FTIR and XPS measurements, and the grafted particles were easily dispersed in water, confirming conversion of the particle surface from hydrophobic to hydrophilic. Hydrobromination of residual vinyl groups yields a macroinitiator that can be used for grafting of glycidyl methacrylate by ATRP. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 47: 1259–1265, 2009