gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Stable aqueous dispersions of optically and electronically active phosphorene (2016)

Understanding and exploiting the remarkable optical and electronic properties of phosphorene require mass production methods that avoid chemical degradation. Although solution-based strategies have been developed for scalable exfoliation of black phosphorus, these techniques have thus far used anhydrous organic solvents in an effort to minimize exposure to known oxidants, but at the cost of limited exfoliation yield and flake size distribution. Here, we present an alternative phosphorene production method based on surfactant-assisted exfoliation and postprocessing of black phosphorus in deoxygenated water. From comprehensive microscopic and spectroscopic analysis, this approach is shown to yield phosphorene dispersions that are stable, highly concentrated, and comparable to micromechanically exfoliated phosphorene in structure and chemistry. Due to the high exfoliation efficiency of this process, the resulting phosphorene flakes are thinner than anhydrous organic solvent dispersions, thus allowing the observation of layer-dependent photoluminescence down to the monolayer limit. Furthermore, to demonstrate preservation of electronic properties following solution processing, the aqueous-exfoliated phosphorene flakes are used in field-effect transistors with high drive currents and current modulation ratios. Overall, this method enables the isolation and mass production of few-layer phosphorene, which will accelerate ongoing efforts to realize a diverse range of phosphorene-based applications.
Bounded Verification with On-the-Fly Discrepancy Computation (2015)

Simulation-based verification algorithms can provide formal safety guarantees for nonlinear and hybrid systems. The previous algorithms rely on user provided model annotations called discrepancy function, which are crucial for computing reachtubes from simulations. In this paper, we eliminate this requirement by presenting an algorithm for computing piece-wise exponential discrepancy functions. The algorithm relies on computing local convergence or divergence rates of trajectories along a simulation using a coarse over-approximation of the reach set and bounding the maximal eigenvalue of the Jacobian over this over-approximation. The resulting discrepancy function preserves the soundness and the relative completeness of the verification algorithm. We also provide a coordinate transformation method to improve the local estimates for the convergence or divergence rates in practical examples. We extend the method to get the input-to-state discrepancy of nonlinear dynamical systems which can be used for compositional analysis. Our experiments show that the approach is effective in terms of running time for several benchmark problems, scales reasonably to larger dimensional systems, and compares favorably with respect to available tools for nonlinear models.
Structural analysis of an innate immunostimulant from broccoli, <i>Brassica oleracea</i> var. <i>italica </i> (2017)

Vegetables are eaten as part of a healthy diet throughout the world, and some are also applied topically as a traditional medicine. We evaluated the innate immunostimulating activities of hot water extracts of various vegetables using the silkworm muscle contraction assay system, and found that broccoli, Brassica oleracea var. italica, contains a strong innate immunostimulant. We purified the innate immunostimulant from broccoli, and characterized the chemical structure by chemical analyses and NMR spectroscopy. The innate immunostimulant comprised galacturonic acid, galactose, glucose, arabinose, and rhamnose, and had a pectic-like polysaccharide structure. To determine the structural motif involved in the innate immunostimulating activity, we modified the structure by chemical and enzymatic treatment, and found that the activity was attenuated by pectinase digestion. These findings suggest that a pectic-like polysaccharide purified from broccoli has innate immune-stimulating activity, for which the polygalacturonic acid structure is necessary.
One-step Multi-material Preform Extrusion for Robust Chalcogenide Glass Optical Fibers (2012)

We demonstrate a novel process of one-step extrusion of multi-material fiber preforms containing chalcogenide glasses and polymers. The polymer lends mechanical robustness to the drawn chalcogenide infrared fibers and tapers.
Design and Optimization of a Maximum Power Point Tracking controller for a PV battery charger (2007)

In this paper the design criteria for a Maximun Power Point Tracking (MPPT) controller of a dc-dc converter for photovoltaic (PV) applications are presented. The switching converter matches a single panel with a battery and performs the maximum power point tracking at the battery's terminals instead that at the panel's output. Comparisons among analytic results, simulations and experimental measurements on a laboratory prototype are presented and discussed.
Modeling and Optimal Control of an Energy-Storing Prosthetic Knee (2012)

Advanced prosthetic knees for transfemoral amputees are currently based on controlled damper mechanisms. Such devices require little energy to operate, but can only produce negative or zero joint power, while normal knee joint function requires alternative phases of positive and negative work. The inability to generate positive work may limit the user's functional capabilities, may cause undesirable adaptive behavior, and may contribute to excessive metabolic energy cost for locomotion. In order to overcome these problems, we present a novel concept for an energy-storing prosthetic knee, consisting of a rotary hydraulic actuator, two valves, and a spring-loaded hydraulic accumulator. In this paper, performance of the proposed device will be assessed by computational modeling and by simulation of functional activities. A computational model of the hydraulic system was developed, with methods to obtain optimal valve control patterns for any given activity. The objective function for optimal control was based on tracking of joint angles, tracking of joint moments, and the energy cost of operating the valves. Optimal control solutions were obtained, based on data collected from three subjects during walking, running, and a sit-stand-sit cycle. Optimal control simulations showed that the proposed device allows near-normal knee function during all three activities, provided that the accumulator stiffness was tuned to each activity. When the energy storage mechanism was turned off in the simulations, the system functioned as a controlled damper device and optimal control results were similar to literature data on human performance with such devices. When the accumulator stiffness was tuned to walking, simulated performance for the other activities was sub-optimal but still better than with a controlled damper. We conclude that the energy-storing knee concept is valid for the three activities studied, that modeling and optimal control can assist the design process, and that further studies using human subjects are justified.
Allogeneic-syngeneic cultured epithelia. A successful therapeutic option for skin regeneration. (1995)

Organ transplantation has progressed rapidly during the last decades. Furthermore, tissue engineering has and will continue to enlarge the scope of organ grafting. Thus, severe skin wounds, as observed in large burn trauma patients, can now be permanently treated with cultured autologous epithelial sheets. However, the time required for autologous cell growth is a major limitation. We propose to alleviate this pitfall through a novel chimeric (allogeneic-syngeneic) epithelial cell culture technique. These chimeric epidermal grafts implanted in an animal model have been shown to allow the reappearance of a histologically normal epidermal coverage similar to simultaneously performed isografts. The regenerated epidermis contained only syngeneic keratinocytes. Thus, allogeneic cells were eliminated passively. This new culture technology could find multiple applications, notably in various skin disease therapies.
Research on simulating the movement track of consumers holding cigarettes by using manipulator (2022)

Abstract Consumers’ different smoking habits and movement trajectories in the process of smoking have an important impact on cigarette combustion quality and consumption feeling. By analysing the typical action of holding a cigarette, the position, posture and spatial trajectory of the cigarette were described, and the position and posture of the end effector at the beginning and end of the smoking process were considered. The curve function connecting two endpoints can be selected according to the actual constraints. There are 6 degrees of freedom in space of cigarettes, therefore, in order to simulate the motion trajectory of consumers holding cigarettes, 6R industrial robot can realize the motion trajectory of cigarettes in space. The cigarette is clamped by the cigarette holder installed on the flange at the end of the robot, and the robot drives the cigarette holder to complete the movement track of the cigarette.
<title>Plastic optical fibre sensor for structural health monitoring</title> (2005)

Plastic optical fibre sensors offer remarkable ease of handling and recent research has shown their potential as a low-cost sensor for damage detection and structural health monitoring applications. This paper presents details of a novel plastic optical fibre sensor and the results of a series of mechanical tests conducted to assess its potential for structural health monitoring. The intensity-based optical fibre sensor proposed in this study relies on the modulation of light intensity as a function of a physical parameter (typically strain) as a means to monitor the response of the host structure to an applied load. Initially, the paper will reveal the design of the sensor and provide an summary of the sensor fabrication procedure followed by an outline of the experimental programme conducted in this study. Two types of sensor design will be evaluated in terms of their strain sensitivity, linearity and signal repeatability. Results from a series of quasi-static tensile tests conducted on aluminium specimen with four surface-attached optical fibre sensors showed that these sensors offer excellent linear strain response over the range of the applied load. Free vibration tests based-on a cantilever beam configuration were also conducted to assess the dynamic response of the sensor. The results demonstrate excellent agreement with conventional sensor readings.
Performance improvement of fast packet switching by LDOLL queueing (1992)

Low delay or low loss (LDOLL) queuing policies for asynchronous transfer model (ATM) fast packet switching allow either retrieval priority or storage priority to be given to the ATM cells of traffic streams with different performance requirements. The improvements in performance that can be achieved by using one bit in the ATM cell header to make the binary LDOLL distinction are analyzed. In the analysis, simulation of the level, where the cell transmission rate of a source may vary between zero and the peak rate and computation at the level, where queuing of individual cells is considered, are combined. It is shown that LDOLL queuing, compared with FIFO queuing in ATM switches, can reduce cell loss probability by many orders of magnitude for low loss traffic. Low delay traffic incurs a slightly higher cell loss which is compensated with a reduced cell delay mean and variance.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Indirect Measurement Of Arterial Pressure In The Limbs Of Babies & Children By the Volume Oscillometric Method (1987)

Indirect measuremtn of the systotic, mean and diastolic arterial pressure was successfully carried out in the forearms and ankles of babies and children by a newly designed volume oscillometric sphygmomanometer. This apparatus consists of a conventional pneumatic cuff for arterial occlusion and a reflection-type, infrared photoelectric plethysmograph (RIPP) for detercting arterial volume waves. The systolic and mean pressures were determined from the cuff pressure corresponding to the appearance and the maximum point of the arterial volume waves. The diastolic pressure was calculated from these pressure values using a coefficient obtained by integrating the arterial volume waveforms. The indirect pressure values were compared with those recorded simultaneously by the direct method in the barchial, radial, or superficial temporal arteries in 12 patients aged form 2 months to 10 years and five months. The accuracy of this method, estimated through a comparative study, was +5 mmHg for the systolic and the mean +7 mmHg for the diastolic pressure.
Tube‐wave effects in cross‐well seismic data at Stratton Field (2005)

The analysis of crosswell seismic data for a gas reservoir in Texas revealed two newly detected seismic wave effects, recorded 2000 feet above the reservoir. The first is that the dominant late phases on the records are the tube waves generated in the source well and later converted into laterally propagating waves through the reservoir in gas/water saturated layers, which convert back to tube‐waves in the receiver well. The tube‐wave train showed good correlation with multilayered reservoir zone structure, suggesting that the recorded wave field has strong dependence on the reservoir parameters. The second effect is that the recorded field is composed of multiple low‐velocity tube‐waves. The modeling results suggest that imperfect cementation is the likely cause of this phenomenon.
Polymorphic chemokine receptor and ligand genes in HIV infection (2003)

Human immunogenetic studies beginning in 1996 have produced clear evidence that initial acquisition of HIV-1 infection can be effectively blocked by homozygosity for a 32-bp deletion (Δ32) in the open reading frame of the beta (C-C motif) chemokine receptor 5 (CCR5) and further inhibited by the Δ32 heterozygous genotype or by Δ32 in combination with another mutation that also introduces a premature stop codon in CCR5. Conversely, homozygosity for the CCR2-CCR5 HHE haplotype defined by several single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) appears to enhance HIV-1 acquisition. The two closely related CCR2-CCR5 haplotypes HHE and HHG*2 (=CCR5-Δ32) and probably others [e.g., HHF*2 (=CCR2-64I)] are also associated with varying rates of HIV-1 disease progression against certain ethnic backgrounds. Additional but less consistent associations with both HIV-1 infection and disease progression have been documented for SDF-1, RANTES (SCYA5), CX3CR1, and MIP-1α polymorphisms within the chemokine receptor and ligand system. Both chance association and population heterogeneity probably account for some of the inconsistencies. More recent recognition of CCR2-CCR5 haplotype-mediated effects on HIV-1 RNA concentration implies that CCR polymorphisms are important early determinants of the virus–host equilibrium. Evolving usage of chemokine receptors by HIV-1 may cloud the interpretation of newly acquired data and impede translation of this research into improvements in clinical care. The functional complexity of the chemokine system and its interactions with other host and viral factors calls for a comprehensive analytic approach to the elucidation of immunogenetic influences on HIV/AIDS and vigilance for effects of viral adaptation.
Spin Stabilized Magnetic Levitation of Horizontal Rotors (2003)

In this paper we present an analysis of a new configuration for achieving spin stabilized magnetic levitation. In the classical configuration, the rotor spins about a vertical axis; the spin stabilizes the lateral instability of the top in the magnetic field. In this new configuration the rotor spins about a horizontal axis; the spin stabilizes the axial instability of the top in the magnetic field.
Mutational and Functional Analysis of the β-Carotene Ketolase Involved in the Production of Canthaxanthin and Astaxanthin (2006)

Biosynthesis of the commercial carotenoids canthaxanthin and astaxanthin requires beta-carotene ketolase. The functional importance of the conserved amino acid residues of this enzyme from Paracoccus sp. strain N81106 (formerly classified as Agrobacterium aurantiacum) was analyzed by alanine-scanning mutagenesis. Mutations in the three highly conserved histidine motifs involved in iron coordination abolished its ability to catalyze the formation of ketocarotenoids. This supports the hypothesis that the CrtW ketolase belongs to the family of iron-dependent integral membrane proteins. Most of the mutations generated at other highly conserved residues resulted in partial activity. All partially active mutants showed a higher amount of adonixanthin accumulation than did the wild type when expressed in Escherichia coli cells harboring the zeaxanthin biosynthetic gene cluster. Some of the partially active mutants also produced a significant amount of echinenone when expressed in cells producing beta-carotene. In fact, expression of a mutant carrying D117A resulted in the accumulation of echinenone as the predominant carotenoid. These observations indicate that partial inactivation of the CrtW ketolase can often lead to the production of monoketolated intermediates. In order to improve the conversion rate of astaxanthin catalyzed by the CrtW ketolase, a color screening system was developed. Three randomly generated mutants, carrying L175M, M99V, and M99I, were identified to have improved activity. These mutants are potentially useful in pathway engineering for the production of astaxanthin.
Classification of dermoscopy patterns using deep convolutional neural networks (2016)

Detection of dermoscopic patterns, such as typical network and regular globules, is an important step in the skin lesion analysis. This is one of the steps, required to compute the ABCD-score, commonly used for lesion type classification. In this article, we investigate the possibility of automatically detect dermoscopic patterns using deep convolutional neural networks and other image classification algorithms. For the evaluation, we employ the dataset obtained through collaboration with the International Skin Imaging Collaboration (ISIC), including 211 lesions manually annotated by domain experts, generating over 2000 samples of each class (network and globules). Experimental results demonstrates that we can correctly classify 88% of network examples, and 83% of globules example. The best results are achieved by a convolutional neural network with 8 layers.
Sampling Strategies for Epidemic-Style Information Dissemination (2008)

We consider epidemic-style information dissemination strategies that leverage the nonuniformity of host distribution over subnets (e.g., IP subnets) to optimize the information spread. Such epidemic-style strategies are based on random sampling of target hosts according to a sampling rule. The objective is to optimize the information spread with respect to minimizing the total number of samplings to reach a target fraction of the host population. This is of general interest for the design of efficient information dissemination systems and more specifically, to identify requirements for the containment of worms that use subnet preference scanning strategies. We first identify the optimum number of samplings to reach a target fraction of hosts, given global information about the host distribution over subnets. We show that the optimum can be achieved by either a dynamic strategy for which the per host sampling rate over subnets is allowed to vary over time or by a static strategy for which the sampling over subnets is fixed. These results appear to be novel and are informative about (a) what best possible performance is achievable and (b) what factors determine the performance gain over oblivious strategies such as uniform random scanning. We then consider several simple, online sampling strategies that require only local knowledge, where each host biases sampling based on its observed sampling outcomes and keeps only O(1) state at any point in time. Using real datasets from several large-scale Internet measurements, we evaluate the significance of the factors revealed by our analytical results on the sampling efficiency.
Selective inhibition of calcineurin-NFAT signaling by blocking protein–protein interaction with small organic molecules (2004)

Transient or reversible protein-protein interactions are commonly used to ensure efficient targeting of signaling enzymes to their cellular substrates. These interactions include direct binding to substrate, interaction with an accessory or scaffold protein, and positioning at subcellular locations in proximity to substrates. The existence of specialized targeting mechanisms raises the possibility of designing inhibitors that do not block enzyme activity per se, but rather interfere with targeting of the enzyme to one or more of its substrates within the cell. Here, we identify small organic molecules that specifically block targeting of the protein phosphatase calcineurin to its substrate nuclear factor of activated T cells (NFAT, also termed NFATc) and show that they are effective inhibitors of calcineurin-NFAT signaling.
An innovative noise and vibration suppression technique based on the combination of vibration control by confinement and layered damping approaches (1996)

A feasibility study was conducted to demonstrate that vibration control by confinement (VCC) is a viable approach to today’s noise and vibration problems. Two types of structures were examined. First, a finite beam carrying a critical component on one side and subjected to harmonic disturbances on the other side was simulated. In this part of the investigation, the vibration suppression criterion was to minimize vibrations transmitted to the critical component. The VCC approach was compared with current passive methods, such as tuned isolators, vibration absorbers, and two cases of layered damping. As the second example, a plate, resembling the panel section of a car door, was investigated. The plate was subjected to transient and harmonic excitations. The objective was to determine the degree of improvement on the effectiveness of layered damping materials when used in conjunction with VCC. The results of the computer simulation combining VCC with layered damping materials covering 100% and 63% of the plate were of interest in this study. The finite element method was used to model both structures. Results clearly show that VCC can be used as a stand-alone mechanism to suppress or isolate vibrations, or combined with layered damping materials to significantly improve performance. [Work supported jointly by QRDC, Inc., 3M, and the Department of Defense.]
Atmospheric Pressure Plasma Initiated Chemical Vapor Deposition Using Ultra‐Short Square Pulse Dielectric Barrier Discharge (2014)

A simple, efficient and scalable method for the atmospheric pressure plasma initiated chemical vapor deposition of conventional polymer is demonstrated. Ultra‐short square pulse dielectric barrier discharge, which allows high deposition rates even for plasma duty cycle as low as 0.01%, is used to deposit a glycidyl methacrylate (GMA) polymer layer. The polymer structure of the thin films is evidenced by matrix‐assisted laser desorption/ionization high‐resolution mass spectrometry. Polymer molecular weights up to 30 000 g mol −1 are found by size exclusion chromatography (SEC), highlighting the suitability of the plasma initiated CVD method for the deposition of polymer layers.