gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Identifying Presentation Styles in Online Educational Videos (2014)

The rapid growth of online educational videos has resulted in huge redundancy. The same underlying content is often available in multiple videos with varying quality, presenter, and presentation style (slide show, whiteboard presentation, demo, etc). The fact that there are so many videos on the same content makes it important to retrieve videos that are attuned to user preferences. While there are several aspects that drive user engagement, we focus on the presentation style of the video. Based on a large scale manual study, we identify the 11 dominant presentation styles that typically employed. We propose a reference algorithm combining a set of 3-Way Decision Forests with probabilistic fusion and using a large set of image, face and motion features. We analyze our empirical results to provide understanding of the difficulties of the problem and to highlight directions for future research on this new application. We also make the data available.
Strain variation of Babesia bovis merozoite surface-exposed epitopes (1991)

Babesia bovis merozoites are exposed to antibodies during the extraerythrocytic phase, and surface polypeptides bearing exposed epitopes are possible immunogens. Monoclonal antibodies reactive with the merozoite surface bind either immunodominant epitopes expressed diffusely on the merozoite surface or, alternatively, epitopes expressed in a polar pattern. Epitopes expressed diffusely on the immunodominant 42- and 44-kDa merozoite polypeptides were not conserved among strains from geographically diverse regions. In contrast, epitopes expressed in a polar pattern on the merozoite surface were conserved among nine strains and clones. Identification of variables and conserved epitopes provides a basis for defining antigenic variation and cross-protective immunity.
Catalysis at the Organic Ligands (2013)

Crystalline metal organic frameworks containing catalytically active organic linkers or ancillary ligands (i.e., catalysts at the organic ligands) are an intriguing sub‐set of heterogeneous catalysts. These catalysts are atomically defined and offer a platform to readily designed single‐site catalysts. The literature encompasses approximately fifty experimental examples from which we highlight a handful of what we perceive to be,key conceptual papers. It is clear that many of the attractive visions for MOF catalysts—including, “multi‐catalyst architectures”, “metal coordination environments that can be achieved in no other ways” and “reactivity‐defining microenvironments”—are starting to be realized.
Opioid Glycopeptide Analgesics Derived from Endogenous Enkephalins and Endorphins (2012)

Over the past two decades, potent and selective analgesics have been developed from endogenous opioid peptides. Glycosylation provides an important means of modulating interaction with biological membranes, which greatly affects the pharmacodynamics and pharmacokinetics of the resulting glycopeptide analogues. Furthermore, manipulation of the membrane affinity allows penetration of cellular barriers that block efficient drug distribution, including the blood-brain barrier. Extremely potent and selective opiate agonists have been developed from endogenous peptides, some of which show great promise as drug candidates.
Atomistic modeling trap-assisted tunneling in hole tunnel field effect transistors (2018)

Tunnel Field Effect Transistors (FETs) have the potential to achieve steep Subthreshold Swing (S.S.) below 60 mV/dec, but their S.S. could be limited by trap-assisted tunneling (TAT) due to interface traps. In this paper, the effect of trap energy and location on OFF-current (IOFF) of tunnel FETs is evaluated systematically using an atomistic trap level representation in a full quantum transport simulation. Trap energy levels close to band edges cause the highest leakage. Wave function penetration into the surrounding oxide increases the TAT current. To estimate the effects of multiple traps, we assume that the traps themselves do not interact with each other and as a whole do not modify the electrostatic potential dramatically. Within that model limitation, this numerical metrology study points to the critical importance of TAT in the IOFF in tunnel FETs. The model shows that for Dit higher than 1012/(cm2 eV) IOFF is critically increased with a degraded ION/IOFF ratio of the tunnel FET. In order to have an ION/IOFF ratio higher than 104, the acceptable Dit near Ev should be controlled to no larger than 1012/(cm2 eV).
Hidden Markov model-based gesture recognition with FMCW radar (2016)

In this paper we present experimental results for the development of a gesture recognition system using a 77 GHz FMCW radar system. We measure the micro-Doppler signature of a gesturing hand to construct an energy distribution in velocity space over time. A gesturing hand is fundamentally a dynamical system with unobservable “state” (i.e. the name of the gesture) which determines the sequence of associated observable velocity-energy distributions, so a Hidden Markov Model is used to for gesture recognition, a more tailored approach than the SVM classifiers used in previous work. We also describe a method for reducing the length of our feature vectors by a factor of 12 without hurting the recognition performance, by reparameterizing them in terms of a sum of Gaussians.
Lifting-Based View Compensated Compression of Volume Rendered Images for Efficient Remote Visualization (2008)

Remote visualization of volumetric images has gained importance over the past few years in medical and industrial applications. Volume visualization is a computationally intensive process, often requiring hardware acceleration to achieve a real time viewing experience. One remote visualization model that can accomplish this would transmit rendered images (with dedicated hardware) from the server based on view-point requests from a client. For a given server-client bandwidth, an efficient compression scheme is vital for transmitting high quality rendered images. In this paper, we present a new compression scheme that utilizes the geometric relationship between view-points to exploit the correlation between successive rendered images. The proposed method performs better than AVC, the state of the art video compression standard. Additionally, our scheme obviates motion estimation between rendered images, enabling significant reduction to the complexity of the encoder.
Biochemical And Genetic Modification Of Polysaccharides (1993)

Bacteriophages producing endopolysaccharase-type enzymes used to produce, isolate, and purify high yields of modified polysaccharides from polysaccharides produced by, and incorporated into capsules of, certain bacteria. Bacteriophages used in conversion of native polysaccharide materials into polymers of nearly uniform high molecular weight or, alternatively, into highly pure oligosaccharides. Also used in genetic selection of families of polysaccharides structurally related to native polysaccharide materials, but having altered properties. Resulting new polysaccharides and oligosaccharides prove useful in variety of products, including pharmaceutical chemicals, coating materials, biologically active carbohydrates, and drag-reducing additives for fluids.
Robust Vision-Based Approaches for Structural Health Monitoring (2011)

Automated health monitoring and maintenance of civil infrastructure systems is an active yet challenging area of research. Nondestructive evaluation techniques, including the use of optical instrumentation (e.g., digital cameras), image processing and computer vision are promising approaches for structural health monitoring to complement sensor-based approaches. This study applies and evaluates the underlying technical elements for the development of an integrated inspection tool that is based on the use of commercially available digital cameras. The proposed system can help an inspector to visually assess a target structure remotely, without the need of having to travel to the bridge site, and by bypassing needed traffic detouring. Also, a contact-less vision-based crack detection methodology is introduced and evaluated. Illustrative examples are provided to demonstrate the capabilities as well as the limitations of the proposed vision-based approaches
Combinations of Lambda Interferon with Direct-Acting Antiviral Agents Are Highly Efficient in Suppressing Hepatitis C Virus Replication (2012)

The clinical efficacy of a pegylated form of human lambda 1 interferon (IFN-λ1; also referred to herein as lambda) has been demonstrated in patients chronically infected with hepatitis C virus (HCV) representing genotypes 1 through 4. In these proof-of-concept studies, lambda showed an improved safety profile compared to the pegylated form of alpha interferon (referred to herein as alfa). In the study described in this report, an assessment of the in vitro antiviral activity of type III IFNs toward different HCV replicons revealed that the unpegylated recombinant form of IFN-λ1 (rIFN-λ1) exerted the most robust effect, while rIFN-λ3 exhibited greater activity than rIFN-λ2. More importantly, cross-resistance to rIFN-λ1 was not observed in replicon cell lines known to have reduced susceptibility to investigational direct-acting antiviral (DAA) agents targeting the essential HCV nonstructural protein NS3, NS5A, or NS5B. When combined with either rIFN-α, the NS3 protease inhibitor (NS3 PI) asunaprevir (ASV), the NS5A replication complex inhibitor (NS5A RCI) daclatasvir (DCV), or the NS5B polymerase site I inhibitor (NS5B I) BMS-791325, rIFN-λ1 displayed a mixture of additive and synergistic effects. In three-drug combination studies, inclusion of lambda with ASV and DCV also yielded additive to synergistic effects. In line with these observations, it was demonstrated that a regimen that used a combination of rIFN-λ1 with one or two DAAs was superior to an IFN-free regimen in clearing HCV RNA in genotype 1a cell lines representing wild-type and NS3 protease inhibitor-resistant sequences. Overall, these data support further clinical development of lambda as part of alternative combination treatments with DAAs for patients chronically infected with HCV.
Equilibrium and Fixed Bed Adsorption of 1‐Butene, Propylene and Propane Over 13X Zeolite Pellets (2008)

Abstract Propylene‐propane separation is one of the most difficult and demanding energetic operation currently practiced using cryogenic distillation. Extensive studies on various alternatives showed that cyclic adsorption processes, and particularly pressure swing adsorption (PSA), might be an option to replace the traditional distillation. In spite of the promising results of the PSA process, much attention is currently being paid to the simulated moving bed technology (SMB) for gas‐phase separations. The ingenious principle of this process is based on the choice of an adequate adsorbent‐desorbent couple. Thus, in the present work 1‐butene has been studied as an interesting desorbent to displace adsorbed propylene‐propane mixture on 13X zeolite. The measurements of pure 1‐butene adsorption isotherms over 13X zeolite were performed with a gravimetric experimental device for pressure ranging from 0 to 110 kPa and at temperature of 333, 353, 373, and 393 K. The experimental adsorption data were correlated using Toth model. The heat of adsorption at zero coverage and the maximum loading capacity of 1‐butene were found to be 54.4 kJ/mol and 2.10 mol/kg, respectively. The adsorption and desorption of 1‐butene on 13X zeolite packed on a fixed bed initially saturated either by a propane‐propylene mixture or a pure C3 hydrocarbon has been studied. The performance of 1‐butene has been compared with isobutane that was previously proposed to be a highly effective desorbent for C3H6/C3H8 separation. A model based on a double LDF approximation for the mass transfer combined to a heterogeneous energy balance taking into account a variable velocity of the gaseous bulk phase, has been used to describe the breakthrough curves obtained experimentally at 373 K and 110 kPa.
Energy and Force Optimization of a Network of Novel Electromagnetic Soft Actuators (2020)

This paper discusses how to optimally design polygonal profiles of Electromagnetic Soft Actuators (ESAs) to be used in a network to achieve maximum output force with minimum energy consumption. The soft actuators work based on operating principle of solenoids but are made of intrinsically soft materials. It was, previously, confirmed that by miniaturizing the size, the amount of output force decreases for a single ESA however, by the ratio of force to volume increases. Therefore, networking small sized ESAs, would increase the output force. Initially, ESAs were made with circular cross-section profiles. However, we prove here that the shape of the cross-section profile can affect the output force. A polygonal shape with fewer sides would result in higher output force for a single ESA. However, with a network of ESAs, another parameter, packing density, plays an important role in the output force. Our optimization results suggest that even though triangular cross-section profiles lead to the highest amount of force for a single ESA, the best choice would be hexagonal shapes when they are networked.
Orally Active Amino Functionalized Antimalarial 1,2,4‐Trioxanes. (2004)

Abstract For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
A New Technique for Low Concentration Diffusion of Boron into Silicon (1977)

A new technique is proposed for doped-oxide diffusion of boron into silicon, providing a controlled surface concentration in a wide range from 1015 to 1020 cm-3. The principle is based on our finding that if the source borosilicate film deposited is heat-treated in an NH3 ambient prior to the drive-in step, the transfer of boron into silicon is remarkably suppressed. The concentration of boron diffused in silicon is strongly dependent on the temperature and/or time of the NH3-heat-treatment. It is also found that an undoped SiO2 or Si3N4 film deposited on the source film works as a mask against the NH3 ambient. As a result, a simultaneous local diffusion of boron can be performed from a single film source to plural regions where different boron profiles are desired.
Intracranial MR angiography: comparison of single-volume three-dimensional time-of-flight and multiple overlapping thin slab acquisition techniques. (1994)

We conclude that MOTSA is better than single-volume 3D TOF for showing intracranial abnormalities. The major advantage of MOTSA is decreased sensitivity to flow saturation.
Novel strategies towards construction of non-ionic and achiral backbones in antisense oligonucleotides. (1992)

A convenient synthesis of a thymidine (T) nucleoside dimer (T-3'-CH2-O-NCH3-CH2-4'-T) 12 has been accomplished via a nucleoside coupling reaction. An alternative synthesis of 3'-deoxy-3'-C-hydroxymethyl-thymidine is described. The new dimer and methodology is useful for the development of backbone-modified antisense oligonucleosides.
Dual apodization technique for improved contrast (2008)

We propose a method to use dual apertures or dual apodization functions to reduce side lobes and clutter for ultrasound imaging. Using a common transmit aperture but different receive apodizations or apertures, we create two point spread functions with very similar main lobes and different sidelobe and clutter signals. Main lobe signals can be distinguished from clutter signals using normalized cross-correlation of the raw radio-frequency data. The normalized cross-correlation coefficient is used as a pixel-by-pixel weighting to pass main-lobe signals and suppress side lobe and clutter signals. Main lobe signals will have a high cross-correlation coefficient near 1 and clutter signals will have coefficients between 0 and -1. Point target simulations show a narrowing of the main beam compared to conventional beamforming at beamwidths -20 dB and lower. Using a 5 MHz 128-element linear array, improvements of contrast-to-noise ratio (CNR) of an anechoic cyst compared to delay and sum beamforming exceed 130% in both simulations and experiments. We also evaluated this method for robustness in the presence of phase aberration. Aberrators ranging from 25-45 ns rms with correlation lengths of 3-5 mm were used. Here, improvements in CNR also exceed 100% in many cases.
High-Speed and Unified ECC Processor for Generic Weierstrass Curves over GF(p) on FPGA (2021)

In this paper, we present a high-speed, unified elliptic curve cryptography (ECC) processor for arbitrary Weierstrass curves over GF(p), which to the best of our knowledge, outperforms other similar works in terms of execution time. Our approach employs the combination of the schoolbook long and Karatsuba multiplication algorithm for the elliptic curve point multiplication (ECPM) to achieve better parallelization while retaining low complexity. In the hardware implementation, the substantial gain in speed is also contributed by our n-bit pipelined Montgomery Modular Multiplier (pMMM), which is constructed from our n-bit pipelined multiplier-accumulators that utilizes DSP primitives as digit multipliers. Additionally, we also introduce our unified, pipelined modular adder/subtractor (pMAS) for the underlying field arithmetic, and leverage a more efficient yet compact scheduling of the Montgomery ladder algorithm. The implementation on the 7-series FPGA: Virtex-7, Kintex-7, and XC7Z020, yields 0.139, 0.138, and 0.206 ms of execution time, respectively. Furthermore, since our pMMM module is generic for any curve in Weierstrass form, we support multi-curve parameters, resulting in a unified ECC architecture. Lastly, our method also works in constant time, making it suitable for applications requiring high speed and SCA-resistant characteristics.
Putative Treponema pallidum cytadhesins share a common functional domain (1985)

Three putative Treponema pallidum ligands (P1, P2, and P3) that bind host fibronectin were characterized by peptide mapping. Papain digestion of each protein yielded a comigrating peptide of approximately 12,000 molecular weight. An antibody to this protein fragment inhibited T. pallidum host cytadherence, indicating that this peptide may be the functional domain of these treponemal adhesins.
Three-function semiconductor laser amplifiers (1992)

Multifunction operations of semiconductor laser amplifiers (SLAs) may find interesting uses in optical computing and communication systems. SLA receivers amplifying and detecting optical signals simultaneously have been demonstrated.1,2 This paper reports using an SLA as a three-function device, i.e., amplifier, detector, and transmitter, in a 622-Mbit/s digital system.
Topological Persistence for Medium Access Control (2012)

The primary function of the medium access control (MAC) protocol is managing access to the shared communication channel. From the viewpoint of the transmitters, the MAC protocol determines each transmitter's channel occupancy, the fraction of time that it spends transmitting over the channel. In this paper, we define a set of topological persistences that conform to both network topology and traffic load. We employ these persistences as target occupancies for the MAC layer protocol. A centralized algorithm is developed for calculating topological persistences and its correctness is established. A distributed algorithm and implementation are developed that can operate within scheduled and contention-based MAC protocols. In the distributed algorithm, network resources are allocated through auctions at each receiver in which transmitters participate as bidders to converge on the topological allocation. Very low overhead is achieved by piggybacking auction and bidder communication on existing data packets. The practicality of the distributed algorithm is demonstrated in a wireless network via simulation using the ns-2 network simulator. Simulation results show fast convergence to the topological solution and, once operating with topological persistences, improved performance compared to IEEE 802.11 in delay, throughput, and drop rate.
CLASSIFICATION PERFORMANCE OF VARIOUS ARE DISCRETIZED REAL-LIFE DATA SETS WHEN THE FEATURES (2001)

The Bayesian Data Reduction Algorithm is applied to a collection of thirty real-life data sets primarily found at the University of California at Irvine’s Repository of Machine Learning databases. The algorithm works by fmding the best performing quantization complexity of the feature vectors, and this makes it necessary to discretize all continuous valued features. Therefore, results are given by showing the initial quantization of the continuous valued features that yields best performance. Further, the Bayesian Data Reduction Algorithm is also compared to a conventional linear classifier, which does not discretize any feature values. In general, the Bayesian Data Reduction Algorithm outperforms the linear classifier by obtaining a lower probability of error, as averaged over all thirty data sets.
Performance evaluation of an advanced method for automated identification of view positions of chest radiographs by use of a large database (2002)

For implementation of computer-aided diagnostic systems for chest radiographs, it is important to correctly identify the view position, i.e., posteroanterior (PA) or lateral view. Our purpose is to develop an advanced computerized method by using a template matching technique for correctly identifying either PA or lateral view, and to apply this method to approximately 48,000 PA and 16,000 lateral chest radiographs. To evaluate the similarity with templates, correlation values of a chest image with various templates were obtained and compared for determining whether a chest image is either a PA or a lateral view. By considering the variation in terms of patient's sizes, lung opacities, and lung sizes, we produced 24 templates of PA and lateral views. In the first step, two largest correlation values of an unknown case with 3 PA and 2 lateral templates for medium-size patients were compared for determining the view position. In the second step, the unidentifiable cases in the first step were re-examined by comparison of the correlation values with 11 to 19 templates for small and large patients. With the computerized method based on a template matching technique, 99.99%(=63,788/63,791) of chest images in the large database were correctly identified in terms of PA or lateral views.
Integrating Well Data and Seismic Data for Improved Quantification of Source Rock Parameters (2011)

In an effort to improve our risking of hydrocarbon basins, plays and prospects, a new workflow has been developed which allows us to confidently map source rocks on seismic data and extract source rock parameters for use in hydrocarbon generation modelling. By applying fundamental relationships between organic content, rock properties and seismic responses of hydrocarbon source rocks we are able to predict presence, extent, thickness and richness of the source rock from seismic data, all being important input parameters to basin modelling. The workflow has been applied in an area on the Norwegian Continental Shelf where the existence of a functioning petroleum system has been confirmed by numerous discoveries. The generation modelling predicted smaller, and perhaps more realistic, volumes when seismically derived source rock parameters were used in the modelling than when standard input parameters were used. The results demonstrate the effect of utilising information inherent in the seismic data in hydrocarbon generation modelling.