gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Joint pricing, assortment, and inventory decisions for a retailer's product line (2007)

Abstract Consider a set of product variants that are differentiated by some secondary attributes such as flavor, color, or size. The retailer's problem is to jointly determine the set of variants to include in her product line (“assortment”), together with their prices and inventory levels, so as to maximize her expected profit. We model the consumer choice process using a multinomial logit choice model and consider a newsvendor type inventory setting. We derive the structure of the optimal assortment for some important special cases, including the case of horizontally differentiated items, and propose a dominance relationship for the general case that simplifies the search for an optimal assortment. We also discuss structural properties of the optimal prices. Finally, motivated by our analytical results, we propose a heuristic solution procedure, which is shown to be quite effective through a numerical study. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Naval Research Logistics, 2007
Apparatus for accelerating response time of active mass damper earthquake attenuator (1992)

First Page
Experimental and Theoretical Insight into Electrocatalytic Hydrogen Evolution with Nickel Bis(aryldithiolene) Complexes as Catalysts (2015)

A series of neutral and monoanionic nickel dithiolene complexes with p-methoxyphenyl-substituted 1,2-dithiolene ligands have been prepared and characterized with physicochemical methods. Two of the complexes, the monoanion of the symmetric [Ni{S2C2(Ph-p-OCH3)2}2] (3(-)) with NBu4(+) as a counterion and the neutral asymmetric [Ni{S2C2(Ph)(Ph-p-OCH3)}2] (2), have been structurally characterized by single-crystal X-ray crystallography. All complexes have been employed as proton-reducing catalysts in N,N-dimethylformamide with trifluoroacetic acid as the proton source. The complexes are active catalysts with good faradaic yields, reaching 83% for 2 but relatively high overpotential requirements (0.91 and 1.55 V measured at the middle of the catalytic wave for two processes observed depending on the different routes of the mechanism). The similarity of the experimental data regardless of whether the neutral or anionic form of the complexes is used indicates that the neutral form acts as a precatalyst. On the basis of detailed density functional theory calculations, the proposed mechanism reveals two different main routes after protonation of the dianion of the catalyst in accordance with the experimental data, indicating the role of the concentration of the acid and the influence of the methoxy groups. Protonation at sulfur seems be more favorable than that at the metal, which is in marked contrast with the catalytic mechanism proposed for analogous cobalt dithiolene complexes.
Internet-Enabled Mobile Handheld Devices for Mobile Commerce (2005)

The emergence of wireless and mobile networks has made possible the introduction of electronic commerce to a new application and research area: mobile commerce. Internet-enabled mobile handheld devices are one of the core components of a mobile commerce system, making it possible for mobile users to directly interact with mobile commerce applications. Much of a mobile user’s first impression of the application will be formed by his or her interaction with the device, therefore the success of mobile commerce applications is greatly dependent on how easy they are to use. This article first explains the role of handheld devices in mobile commerce systems and then discusses the devices in detail. A mobile handheld device includes six major components: i) a mobile operating system, ii) a mobile central processor unit, iii) a microbrowser, iv) input/output devices, v) a memory, and vi) batteries. Each component is described in detail and major products and technologies for the component are given. The technology needed for synchronization with desktop PCs and various mobile commerce applications is also presented.
Physical and technological limitations and their optimization in submicron ULSI interconnect (2002)

The trend of the performance degradation, noise and reliability issues and their potential solutions are analyzed for submicron ULSI interconnect lines. The analysis shows that a copper (Cu) line will improve electromigration, but not the interconnect delay and cross-talk noise significantly. The low temperature operation improves the interconnect delay and electromigration, but increases the cost of system packaging. The optimum approach a combination of additional layers of nonscaled metal lines in a higher level and the use of repeaters to maximize the performance, noise and reliability and to minimize the risk and cost.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Detection of Human Bocavirus in Canadian Children in a 1-Year Study (2006)

Human bocavirus was detected by PCR in 65 (5.1%) of 1,265 respiratory specimens collected in 2002 and 2003 from the Stollery Children's Hospital from children <17 years of age. The spectrum of illness included upper respiratory infection, croup, bronchiolitis, and pneumonia with a prominence of cough and fever.
Learning Web Content Extraction with DOM Features (2018)

Content extraction is the process that aims to separate the main content of web pages from the bulk of template and decorative components. We present a method of doing this which achieves competitive performance on the Cleaneval dataset and sets a new state-of-the-art with an F1 score of 0.96 on the Dragnet dataset. We accomplish this by modeling the task as a classification problem over HTML tags using features based on information from the DOM tree. Not only do we obtain a performance increase over current methods, but we do so with minimal feature engineering and without the extensive preprocessing steps of other methods.
Frontotemporal dementia and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis-associated disease protein TDP-43 promotes dendritic branching (2009)

These findings reveal an essential role for TDP-43 in dendritic structural integrity, supporting the notion that loss of normal TDP-43 function in diseased neurons may compromise neuronal connectivity before neuronal cell loss in FTD and ALS.
Global Locate Indoor GPS Chipset & Services (2001)

Indoor GPS, or more precisely High-sensitivity GPS, is a
combination of Assisted-GPS (A-GPS) and massive
parallel correlation. This paper describes a worldwide
reference network that provides assistance data for AGPS
receivers, and a GPS chipset that uses a massively parallel
architecture, along with the assistance data, to provide
unprecedented GPS performance. Both the network and the
GPS receiver demonstrate performance improvements of
10× or greater over previous state-of-the-art. The
worldwide reference network predicts GPS orbits ten days
into the future. The GPS receiver achieves time-to-first-fix
of 100 milliseconds, when outdoors, and 2 to 5 seconds
when indoors. The receiver can power up, acquire
satellites, and get an accurate fix when in the closed trunk
of a car, inside office buildings, deep urban canyons,
parking garages, or shopping malls.
The paper also describes the chipset architecture, and
shows how it is unlike any previous GPS receiver. By
having enough correlators to observe all possible code
delays simultaneously, the receiver removes the old
distinction between acquisition and tracking. This makes
it possible to integrate weak signals for hundreds of
milliseconds, and thus acquire signals hundreds of times
weaker than a standard GPS receiver.
Music aesthetic teaching and emotional visualization under emotional teaching theory and deep learning (2022)

The study aims to overcome the shortcomings of the traditional music teaching system, for it cannot analyze the emotions of music works and does not have the advantages in music aesthetic teaching. First, the relevant theories of emotional teaching are expounded and the important roles of emotional teaching and aesthetic teaching in shaping students' personalities are described. Second, a music emotion classification model based on the deep neural network (DNN) is proposed, and it can accurately classify music emotions through model training. Finally, according to the emotional teaching theory and the model based on DNN, a visual system of music teaching is designed for visualizing the emotions, which is helpful to students' understanding of music works and the improvement of teaching effect. The results show that: (1) the teaching system designed has five parts, namely the audio input layer, emotion classification layer, virtual role perception layer, emotion expression layer, and output layer. The system can classify the emotions of the current input audio and map it to the virtual characters for emotional expression. Finally, the emotions are displayed to the students through the display screen layer to realize the visualization of the emotions of music works, so that the students can intuitively feel the emotional elements in the works. (2) The accuracy of the music emotion classification model based on DNN is more than 3.4% higher than other models and has better performance. The study provides important technical support for the upgrading of the teaching system and improving the quality of music aesthetic teaching.
An 80-117V Pseudo-Adiabatic Drive Circuit for Microrobotic Actuators with Optical Power Delivery and Peak Power Reduction Factor over 14× (2020)

This work presents an efficient high-voltage drive circuit for mm-scale electrostatic and piezoelectric microrobotic transducers. A reconfigurable series-parallel switched-capacitor (SC) DC-DC converter interfaces between either on-chip photovoltaic cells or a single off-chip battery, and a high-voltage MEMs actuator. The SC converter boosts a nominal -5-7.4V input by -16× to 80-117V. By charging the output sequentially and recovering charge in discharge cycles, the converter reduces power consumption by over 14×, compared to a conventional hard-switching driver. Measured results show effective operation with loads up to 20nF and operating frequency over 50kHz.
The Role of Treg Cells in the Cancer Immunological Response (2009)

Problem statement: T cell-mediated immunosuppression has been 
observed for decades without clarification as to which factor was responsible 
for this observation. The identification of CD4+CD25+ regulatory T (Treg) cells 
represents a milestone in the filed of immunology and provides an explanation 
for T-cell-mediated immunosuppression. Although Treg cells were originally identified 
for their ability to prevent organ-specific autoimmune disease in mice, emerging 
evidence suggests that Treg cells play a pivotal role in tumor immunity and contribute 
to tumor growth and progression, thereby having an important impact on the outcome 
of cancer patients. Approach: This article reviewed the medical 
literature to describe how Treg cells affect anti-tumor immunity. Results: 
Treg cells suppressed anti-tumor immunity by inhibiting the effector functions 
of tumor-specific T cells and NK cells. Importantly, tumor cells played an active 
role in recruiting and generating Treg cells and creating a suppressive tumor 
microenvironment. Strategies to deplete Treg cells or inhibit their function had 
yielded promising results by enhancing anti-tumor immunity in experimental studies 
as well as clinical practice. Conclusion: A better understanding 
of the pathophysiology of Treg cells not only increased our knowledge in a variety 
of aspects of immunology but also potentially benefited cancer patients.
Modeling and control of a wind turbine driven doubly fed induction generator (2003)

This paper presents the simulation results of a grid-connected wind driven doubly fed induction machine (DFIM) together with some real machine performance results. The modeling of the machine considers operating conditions below and above synchronous speed, which are actually achieved by means of a double-sided PWM converter joining the machine rotor to the grid. In order to decouple the active and reactive powers generated by the machine, stator-flux-oriented vector control is applied. The wind generator mathematical model developed in this paper is used to show how such a control strategy offers the possibility of controlling the power factor of the energy to be generated.
Fluorescent probes for organelle-targeted bioactive species imaging (2019)

Bioactive species, including reactive oxygen species (ROS, including O<sub>2</sub>˙<sup>-</sup>, H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub>, HOCl, <sup>1</sup>O<sub>2</sub>, ˙OH, HOBr, <i>etc.</i>), reactive nitrogen species (RNS, including ONOO<sup>-</sup>, NO, NO<sub>2</sub>, HNO, <i>etc.</i>), reactive sulfur species (RSS, including GSH, Hcy, Cys, H<sub>2</sub>S, H<sub>2</sub>S <sub><i>n</i></sub> , SO<sub>2</sub> derivatives, <i>etc.</i>), ATP, HCHO, CO and so on, are a highly important category of molecules in living cells. The dynamic fluctuations of these molecules in subcellular microenvironments determine cellular homeostasis, signal conduction, immunity and metabolism. However, their abnormal expressions can cause disorders which are associated with diverse major diseases. Monitoring bioactive molecules in subcellular structures is therefore critical for bioanalysis and related drug discovery. With the emergence of organelle-targeted fluorescent probes, significant progress has been made in subcellular imaging. Among the developed subcellular localization fluorescent tools, ROS, RNS and RSS (RONSS) probes are highly attractive, owing to their potential for revealing the physiological and pathological functions of these highly reactive, interactive and interconvertible molecules during diverse biological events, which are rather significant for advancing our understanding of different life phenomena and exploring new technologies for life regulation. This review mainly illustrates the design principles, detection mechanisms, current challenges, and potential future directions of organelle-targeted fluorescent probes toward RONSS.
Role of PRAS40 in Akt and mTOR signaling in health and disease (2012)

The proline-rich Akt substrate of 40 kDa (PRAS40) acts at the intersection of the Akt- and mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR)-mediated signaling pathways. The protein kinase mTOR is the catalytic subunit of two distinct signaling complexes, mTOR complex 1 (mTORC1) and mTORC2, that link energy and nutrients to the regulation of cellular growth and energy metabolism. Activation of mTOR in response to nutrients and growth factors results in the phosphorylation of numerous substrates, including the phosphorylations of S6 kinase by mTORC1 and Akt by mTORC2. Alterations in Akt and mTOR activity have been linked to the progression of multiple diseases such as cancer and type 2 diabetes. Although PRAS40 was first reported as substrate for Akt, investigations toward mTOR-binding partners subsequently identified PRAS40 as both component and substrate of mTORC1. Phosphorylation of PRAS40 by Akt and by mTORC1 itself results in dissociation of PRAS40 from mTORC1 and may relieve an inhibitory constraint on mTORC1 activity. Adding to the complexity is that gene silencing studies indicate that PRAS40 is also necessary for the activity of the mTORC1 complex. This review summarizes the regulation and potential function(s) of PRAS40 in the complex Akt- and mTOR-signaling network in health and disease.
Some necessary questions of the play: a stage-centered analysis of Shakespeare's Hamlet (1995)

This book examines Hamlet's use of real space and time as elements of narration, Hamlet's use of wit and soliloquy, and the expectation that the audience brings to the theatre.
Performance Measurement without Benchmarks: An Examination of Mutual Fund Returns (1993)

This article introduces a new measure of portfolio performance and applies it to study the performance of a large sample of mutual funds. In contrast to previous studies of mutual fund performance, the measure used in this study employs portfolio holdings and does not require the use of a benchmark portfolio. It finds that the portfolio choices of mutual fund managers, particularly those that managed aggressive growth funds, earned significantly positive risk-adjusted returns in the 1976-85 period. Copyright 1993 by University of Chicago Press.
Time Series Forecasting by Evolutionary Neural Networks (2011)

This chapter presents a hybrid evolutionary computation/neural network combination for time series prediction. Neural networks are innate candidates for the forecasting domain due to advantages such as nonlinear learning and noise tolerance. However, the search for the ideal network structure is a complex and crucial task. Under this context, evolutionary computation, guided by the Bayesian Information Criterion, makes a promising global search approach for feature and model selection. A set of 10 time series, from different domains, were used to evaluate this strategy, comparing it with a heuristic model selection, as well as with conventional forecasting methods (e.g., Holt-Winters & Box-Jenkins methodology).Request access from your librarian to read this chapter's full text.
Magnetic iron oxide–silica nanocomposites. Synthesis and characterization (1996)

Composite materials containing nanoparticles of maghaemite (γ-Fe2O3) dispersed in a silica matrix have been made by polymerizing a silica precursor (triethoxysilane or silicic acid) inside an aqueous sol of maghaemite particles. After gelation, the examination of xerogels by electron microscopy does not reveal noticeable aggregation of particles. The structure and composition of the silica matrices were deduced from 29Si MAS NMR spectroscopy. Thermal analysis, FTIR and NIR spectroscopic studies showed that the particles and silanol groups of the matrix remain solvated in the composite materials. No Si–O–Fe bonds are formed in the xerogels and the dispersion of particles in the matrix seems to result from the mutual solvation of particle surfaces and remaining silanol groups, as indicated by strongly associated hydrogen-bonded water molecules.
Influence of the calcium ionophore A23187 on rat egg behavior and cortical F‐actin (1987)

Rat eggs treated with the calcium ionophore A23187 and subjected to long-term observation by phase microscopy were found to undergo many developmental changes that are normally associated with fertilization. These included cortical granule exocytosis and the abstriction of the second polar body. In addition, time-lapse video microscopy revealed that, unlike untreated eggs, whose surfaces remained relatively immotile, the ionophore-treated eggs underwent a lengthy period of surface undulatory activity. Since all of these events were remarkably similar in timing and morphology to those seen in fertilized eggs, we conclude that A23187 is capable of activating rat eggs. Using NBD-phallacidin, the distribution of F-actin in ionophore-activated eggs was determined. During most of the postactivation period the eggs possessed an uninterrupted, uniform band of polymerized actin encompassing the entire cortex of the egg. However, during a discrete 1.5-h period after the formation of the second polar body, an area adjacent to the region of polar body abstriction exhibited more intense staining than the rest of the cortex. Cytochalasin B treatment caused a dramatic reduction and/or rearrangement in cortical NBD-phallacidin staining in activated eggs as compared to activated controls not exposed to the drug. We observed that all the developmental changes described above could be produced in the absence of exogenous calcium, suggesting that the rat egg possesses internal stores of calcium sufficient to elicit an activational response. We conclude that the ionophore-induced release of free calcium ions into the cytosol stimulates many of the developmental changes that are normally seen during fertilization. These results indicate that calcium influx and cytoskeletal activity are correlated during the activation of this animal egg.
Estimating Characteristic Points of Human Body for Automatic Hand Pointing Gesture Recognition (2007)

Multimodal user interfaces enable users to communicate with computers using the modality that best suits their requirements. Besides conventional mouse or keyboard input, these modalities include handwriting,
Designing better strategies against human adversaries in network security games (2012)

In a Network Security Game (NSG), security agencies must allocate limited resources to protect targets embedded in a network, such as important buildings in a city road network. A recent line of work relaxed the perfect-rationality assumption of human adversary and showed significant advantages of incorporating the bounded rationality adversary models in non-networked security domains. Given that real-world NSG are often extremely complex and hence very difficult for humans to solve, it is critical that we address human bounded rationality when designing defender strategies. To that end, the key contributions of this paper include: (i) comprehensive experiments with human subjects using a web-based game that we designed to simulate NSGs; (ii) new behavioral models of human adversary in NSGs, which we train with the data collected from human experiments; (iii) new algorithms for computing the defender optimal strategy against the new models.
Theoretical Trends in Particle Size Effects for the Oxygen Reduction Reaction (2007)

A simple, first principles-based model of the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) is used to determine ORR kinetics on the (111), (100), and (211) facets of eleven transition metals (Au, Ag, Pt, Pd, Ir, Cu, Rh, Ni, Ru, Co, Fe). For most metals, the unreconstructed (100) facets are found to have an activity comparable to, or slightly higher than, the (111) facets. In contrast, (211) steps are found to be significantly less active than the terraces, with the exception of the most noble metals. These results are combined with simple models of the geometries of catalytic nanoparticles to estimate the average ORR activity of Pt and Au nanoparticles of various sizes. On Pt, a modest decrease in the activity with decreasing particle size is predicted, while for Au, the opposite trend is found.
Managing axle saturation for vehicle stability control with independent wheel drives (2011)

This paper proposes a new stability control method that quantifies and uses the level of lateral force saturation on each axle of a vehicle featuring an independent wheel drive system. The magnitude of the saturation, which can be interpreted as a slip-angle deficiency, is determined from estimated nonlinear axle lateral forces and comparisons with linear projections that use estimates of the cornering stiffness. Once known, the per-axle saturation levels are employed in a saturation balancing control structure that biases the drive/brake torque to either the front or rear axles with the goal of minimizing excessive under- or over-steer. The approach is then combined with a direct yaw-moment controller to obtain enhanced stability and responsiveness. The benefits of the proposed approach are demonstrated for a nominally unstable vehicle in an extreme obstacle avoidance type maneuver.
Commodity-Based Indicators: Separating the Wheat from the Chaff (1993)

Commercial products
Hybrid Positioning Algorithm Based on Optimization (2010)

In this paper,a hybrid positioning algorithm based on optimization is proposed for applications of wireless sensor networks (WSNs).The presented method starts from the initial node which has the most neighbors in the network.Then,the relative coordinates of the initial node and its neighbors are estimated by multi-dimensional scaling (MDS) algorithm and broadcasted.The un-localized nodes estimate their coordinates with the maximum likelihood algorithm based on their received coordinates and ranged distances to each neighbor.In the end,all nodes absolute coordinates are obtained by coordinate translation.Furthermore,the global and distributed optimization strategies are integrated into the presented algorithm for improving the positioning precision.The simulation results show that the proposed algorithms are valid and can localize sensor nodes precisely.