gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Automated measurement method for the determination of vitamin E in plasma lipoprotein classes (2014)

In a subendothelial space of atherosclerotic arteries, apolipoprotein B-containing lipoproteins are accumulated and oxidized, and the oxidized lipoproteins promote macrophage foam cell formation. Therefore, the analysis of vitamin E, a major antioxidant in lipoproteins, is important for understanding atherosclerotic pathogenesis. A new method for the automated measurement of vitamin-E (γ- and α-tocopherols) in plasma HDL, LDL, and VLDL was established by using anion-exchange-chromatography for separation of lipoproteins, reverse-phase-chromatography for separation of γ- and α-tocopherols in each of lipoproteins, and fluorescent detection. The within-day assay and between-day assay coefficients of variation for lipoprotein tocopherol levels were 4.73-12.84% and 7.00-14.73%, respectively. The γ- and α-tocopherol/cholesterol ratios of VLDL were higher in healthy plasma than in plasma of untreated patients with dyslipidemia, but the ratios of LDL and HDL were not different. This new estimated method can provide the reliable data of lipoprotein vitamin-E and would be useful for the clinical settings.
Cross-Polarization Cancellation and Equalization in Digital Transmission Over Dually Polarized Multipath Fading Channels (1985)

A theory for data-aided equalization and cancellation in digital data transmission over dually polarized fading radio channels is presented. The present theory generalizes and extends previous work by admitting decision feedback structures with finite-tap transversal filter implementations. Subject to the assumption that some past and/or future data symbols are correctly detected, formulas and algorithms for evaluating the least mean-square error for different structures are presented. In a sequence of curves we evaluate and compare the performance of various structures for a particular propagation model and several fading events. We find improvement in performance for decision feedback over linear equalization. More importantly, we discovered that in this application, as in the single-channel transmission case, decision feedback/ canceler structures are much less sensitive to timing phase than linear equalizers.
A microfluidic flow analyzer with integrated lensed optical fibers (2020)

Rapid optical interrogation of flowing cells or particles is a powerful tool in the field of biomedical diagnostics. Determination of size and composition of fast-flowing cells, with diameters in the range of 2- <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mml:mn>15</mml:mn> <mml:mspace></mml:mspace> <mml:mi>μ</mml:mi> <mml:mrow><mml:mi>m</mml:mi></mml:mrow> </mml:math> , often require complex open-space optics and expensive high-speed cameras. In this work, a method to overcome these challenges by using a hydrodynamic flow-based microfluidic platform coupled with on-chip integrated fiber optics is reported. The lab-scale portable device developed uses a combination of on-chip lensed and non-lensed optical fibers for precision illumination. The narrow light beam produced by the lensed fiber <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mml:mo>(</mml:mo> <mml:mi>f</mml:mi> <mml:mo>=</mml:mo> <mml:mn>150</mml:mn> <mml:mspace></mml:mspace> <mml:mi>μ</mml:mi> <mml:mrow><mml:mi>m</mml:mi></mml:mrow> <mml:mo>)</mml:mo></mml:math> enables precise optical analysis with high sensitivity. A planar arrangement of optical fibers at various angles facilitates multi-parametric analysis from a single point of interrogation. As proof of concept, the laboratory-scale portable bench-top prototype is used to measure fluorescence signals from CD4 immunostained cells and human blood samples. The performance of microfluidic flow analyzer is also compared to the conventional Guava® easyCyte 8HT flow cytometer.
Corrigendum: Dendritic Luminescent Gold(III) Complexes for Highly Efficient Solution‐Processable Organic Light‐Emitting Devices (2013)

In the fourth paragraph of this Communication, the reduction potentials for the alkynylgold(III) complexes 1-3 in dichloromethane (0.1 mol dm 3 nBu 4 NPF 6 ) were incorrectly given as + 0.94 V, + 1.05 V, and + 1.12 V, respectively, versus saturated calomel electrode (SCE). The correct values are + 0.83 V, + 0.94 V, and + 1.06 V versus SCE, which are given correctly in the fifth paragraph. This error does not affect the results and conclusions in the manuscript.
Optimizing Quality-of-Experience for HTTP-based Adaptive Video Streaming (2016)

In this work, the authors present a novel bandwidth management solution for optimizing overall quality of experience (QoE) of multiple video streaming sessions. Instead of allocating bandwidth equally among competing flows, they propose to tailor the bandwidth allocation to both content complexity of requested video and playout buffer status of individual clients. The authors formulate the multi-client bandwidth allocation problem within the convex optimization framework, which is flexible enough to accommodate a wide variety of video quality metrics. Further, the authors present a practical architecture based on software defined networking (SDN) with two components: video quality monitoring and video quality optimization. Testbed-based experiments confirm that with quality-optimized allocation the network can support up to 75% more users at the same level of quality-of-experience (QoE) than conventional equal-rate allocations.
Development of 3-D ultrasound system for assessment of adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (AIS): And system validation (2013)

Adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (AIS) is a common spinal disease and the prevalence of AIS is 2 to 4 % of the youngsters in the United States. Radiograph based Cobb's method is regarded as the gold standard. AIS patients normally have to undergo regular X-ray assessment every 4 to 6 months until skeletal maturity is reached. Because of radiation hazard, X-ray images cannot be taken frequently, and thus it is difficult to perform close monitoring for the disease progression and treatment outcomes. In this study, a free-hand 3D ultrasound imaging system has been successfully developed for the radiation-free assessment of AIS. A series of B-mode ultrasound images with their spatial information were exploited to form a spine model for measuring the spine curvature. Sixteen spine phantoms with different simulated deformity were scanned by both conventional X-ray imaging and the 3D ultrasound system. The results showed that there was a strong correlation (R(2) = 0.759) between the Cobb's angles obtained by the two methods. The results also demonstrated a very good intra- and inter-observer reproducibility with ICC of 0.99 and 0.89, repectively. The findings suggest that it is feasible to use 3D ultrasound imaging for the assessment of scoliosis and deserves further clinical tests on patients with spine deformity.
Herba Thymi serpylli (Wild Thyme) – traditional herbal plant for digestive health (2021)

Background Wild Thyme herb (Lamiaceae) consists of the whole or cut, dried and flowering aerial parts of Thymus serpyllum L.s.l. Acc. to the monograph in Ph.Eur. The drug should contain not less than 3.0 ml/kg essential oil, calc. with reference to the dried drug [1]. Moreover, dominant substance groups as tannins, total hydroxycinnamonic acids, flavonoids, flavonones and triterpenes have been identified [2]. Due to their non-volatile phenolic components Serpylli herba preparations demonstrate spasmolytic effects, stimulate gastric juice secretion and help digestion, so they are so often used for stomach upsets and intestinal disorders.
Refractometry of microscopic objects using digital holography (2003)

Digital holography has some desirable properties for refractometry of microscopic objects since it gives phase and amplitude information of an object in all depths of focus from one set of exposures. The refractive index of the object can be determined by observation of the movements of the Becke lines between diﬀerent focus depths. It is also shown that one single phase image provides an independent technique to determine sign of the relief between an object and the surrounding medium.
Analysis of Tumor Specimens at the Time of Acquired Resistance to EGFR-TKI Therapy in 155 Patients with <i>EGFR</i> -Mutant Lung Cancers (2013)

This is the largest series reporting mechanisms of acquired resistance to EGFR-TKI therapy. We identified EGFR T790M as the most common mechanism of acquired resistance, whereas MET amplification, HER2 amplification, and small cell histologic transformation occur less frequently. More comprehensive methods to characterize molecular alterations in this setting are needed to improve our understanding of acquired resistance to EGFR-TKIs.
Integrated Genomics Identifies Five Medulloblastoma Subtypes with Distinct Genetic Profiles, Pathway Signatures and Clinicopathological Features (2008)

The new medulloblastoma classification presented in this study will greatly enhance the understanding of this heterogeneous disease. It will enable a better selection and evaluation of patients in clinical trials, and it will support the development of new molecular targeted therapies. Ultimately, our results may lead to more individualized therapies with improved cure rates and a better quality of life.
Remote lasing in air by recombination and electron impact excitation of molecular nitrogen (2012)

We analyze and simulate the physical mechanisms for a remote atmospheric lasing configuration which utilizes a combination of an ultrashort pulse laser to form a plasma filament of seed electrons, and a heater beam to heat the seed electrons. Nitrogen molecules are excited by electron impact and recombination processes to induce lasing in the ultraviolet. Recombination excitation, thermal excitation, gain, and saturation are analyzed and simulated. The lasing gain is sufficiently high to reach saturation within the length of the plasma filament. A remotely generated ultraviolet source may have applications for standoff detection of biological and chemical agents.
Integration of InP-Based Thin Film Emitters and Detectors Onto a Single Silicon Circuit (1995)

Multi-material monolithic integration can be achieved through the integration of thin film compound semiconductor devices with silicon circuitry. This type of integration enables the system designer to use the optimal material to achieve the desired cost and performance requirements of the system. Silicon, the acknowledged leading technology for low cost electronics, is a particularly attractive host substrate on which to integrate thin film devices with optoelectronic capabilities. In this paper, we report the integration of InP-based emitters and detectors with a single silicon circuit which contains an emitter drive circuit and a detector amplifier circuit. These optoelectronic integrated circuits (OEICs), which operate at a wavelength of 1.3 μm, are useful as receivers and transmitters for optoelectronic interconnection schemes which include three dimensional, massively parallel computational systems using through-silicon wafer optoelectronic interconnects, grating/waveguide optical interconnection layers for multichip modules, and optical fiber.
Performance of very high repetition rate ArF lasers (2000)

We report the performance of a very high repetition rate ArF laser optimized for next generation, high NA, high throughput scanner. The laser's repetition rate exceeds 4kHz, at 5mJ, and at bandwidths of less than 1.2 pm. We discuss the complexity of high power operation, and make some estimates about the robustness of this technology. In particular, we discuss the risks of scaling to this high repetition rate, and prospects of exceeding 4kHz to near 6kHz with 95 percent bandwidths of less than 1pm.
A Model-Based Interpretation Methodology for Evaluating Carbonate Reservoirs (2001)

Abstract Carbonate rocks are diverse, and their pore space complex. Petrophysical evaluation of carbonates with techniques developed for siliciclastic environments often fall short. In this paper, we present a new methodology that combines diverse texture and facies sensitive measurements. The method parametrizes the pore structure in terms of a multiporosity system of fractures, vugs, inter- and intra-granular porosities, and evaluates the parameters from the measurements. The process is based on physics and relies minimally on empirical correlations. The first step is to separate the fracture from the matrix using borehole images and then quantify mineral volumes and porosity through nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) and/or nuclear logs with new mineral standards. Next, we classify the lithology with a self-organizing-map (SOM) algorithm using a vector of log-inputs. Following this, the vug fraction is estimated using shear modulus data and borehole image analysis. Finally, we separate the inter- and intragranular components using NMR data. This analysis includes molecular diffusion between different pore types. The NMR processing scheme also depends on lithology. The porosity components and the relevant length scales enable us to predict resistivity and permeability using an effective medium theory in an internally consistent manner. Our interpretation methodology was validated successfully with core/log data from the Middle East. The facies ranged from mudstone to grainstone.
A partial scan method for sequential circuits with feedback (1990)

A method of partial scan design is presented in which the selection of scan flip-flops is aimed at breaking up the cyclic structure of the circuit. Experimental data are given to show that the test generation complexity may grow exponentially with the length of the cycles in the circuit. This complexity grows only linearly with the sequential depth. Graph-theoretic algorithms are presented to select a minimal set of flip-flops for eliminating cycles and reducing the sequential depth. Tests for the resulting circuit are generated by a sequential logic test generator. An independent control of the scan clock allows insertion of scan sequences within the vector sequence produced by the test generator. An independent control of the scan clock allows insertion of scan sequences within the vector sequences produced by the test generator. 98% fault coverage is obtained for a 5000-gate circuit by scanning just 5% of the flip-flops.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Transflective Liquid Crystal Displays (2010)

A transflective display includes pixels each including a reflective (R) sub-pixel, a transmissive (T) sub-pixel, and electrodes having features to cause multiple domains to form in a liquid crystal layer of the R sub-pixel and the T sub-pixel. The electrodes in the R sub-pixels have features that are different from features of the electrodes in the T sub-pixel to cause the liquid crystal layer in the R sub-pixel to have an optical phase retardation that is between 20% to 80% of an optical phase retardation of the liquid crystal layer in the T sub-pixel. The R sub-pixel and the T sub-pixel have substantially the same cell gap and are driven by the same pixel voltage.
Performance of Dairy Cows Fed Forage and Grain Separately Versus a Total Mixed Ration (1986)

Forty multiparous cows beyond peak production were fed forage ad libitum behind Calan doors and grain at 1 kg/2.5 kg milk through a computer controlled feeder, and 40 similar cows were fed a total mixed ration balanced for 32 kg milk behind Calan doors ad libitum. Based on mean milk production from d 16 through 21 of a preliminary period, cows were balanced into two groups within each group of 40 cows. Both groups received the originally assigned ration during d 22 through 49. During d 50 through 77, 20 cows were switched abruptly to the other ration and 20 remained on the original. Cows fed forage and grain separately had milk yields similar to those fed total mixed ration. Dry matter intake was lower for cows fed forage and grain separately from d 22 through 49 due to reduced forage intake and was also lower from d 50 through 77 due to decreased grain intake. Four percent fat-corrected milk production efficiency was higher for cows fed forage and grain separately. Abruptly changing cows from one feeding system to another did not influence milk yield, milk composition, or body weight gain. The computer controlled feeder system is an effective method to allot grain according to milk production requirements in freestall housing.
Synthesis and anti-juvenile hormone activity of 1-citronellyl-5-substituted imidazoles. (1984)

A number of 1-citronellyl-5-substituted imidazoles were synthesized and bioassayed on the silkworm, Bombyx mori, in order to assess their anti-juvenile hormone activity. Most of the 1-citronellyl-5-substituted imidazoles induced precocious metamorphosis in the 3rd and 4th instar larvae of B. mori by topical application. The percentage of precocious metamorphosis correlated well with the dosage. Among the compounds tested, 1-citronellyl-5-(2-chlorophenyl)imidazole (8) and the 2-methylphenyl analog 10 showed the highest activity. When compounds 8 and 10 were applied to the 4th instar larvae at 10μg/larva, precocious pupation was induced in 100% without any lethal effects.
Punch through stop layer optimization in bulk FinFETs (2014)

Punch through leakage is a main component of off-state leakage in bulk FinFETs and it is usually suppressed by forming a punch through stop layer (PTSL). With triangular fins being used in 1 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">st</sup> generation FinFET industrial volume production, this paper focuses on PTSL process optimization for FinFETs with triangular-shaped fins. The conditions of PTSL implantation are optimized and the sequence of PTSL formation process (before fin formation versus after fin formation) has been explored for the 1 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">st</sup> time. The resultant n-type FinFETs (nFETs) exhibit low off-state leakage of 1.5 nA/um, steep sub-threshold slope of 66 mV/dec and outstanding DIBL which are better than that of the previously reported 22 nm FinFETs.
Semiochemicals To Monitor Insect Pests – Future Opportunities for an Effective Host Plant Volatile Blend To Attract Navel Orangeworm in Pistachio Orchards (2014)

The navel orangeworm (Amyelois transitella) has been a major insect pest of California tree nut orchards for the past five decades. In particular, almond and pistachio orchards suffer major annual economic damage due to physical and associated fungal damage caused by navel orangeworm larvae. Until recently, the only viable option, albeit inconsistent, for monitoring navel orangeworm populations within these orchards has been the use of almond meal in egg traps. Over the past several years a synthetic blend of host plant volatiles, based on various almond emissions, has demonstrated effective attractancy of both male and female navel orangeworm in field trapping studies in almond orchards. However, this attractiveness did not extend into the mid- to late-season in pistachio orchards, thus suggesting either an orchard specificity of the moth or perhaps a temporal component expressed as a change in background odors of the orchard. Using information and approaches learned during the development of the almond host plant volatile blend, research within these ARS laboratories has focused on the volatile emissions from various pistachio matrices to ascertain potential semiochemicals capable of attracting navel orangeworm moths in pistachio orchards. Provided herein is a perspective on the challenges and progress of developing a synthetic host plant volatile blend for an agricultural insect pest that has a diverse range of hosts and has proven difficult to monitor.
Investigations of the impact of altered auditory feedback in‐the‐ear devices on the speech of people who stutter: initial fitting and 4‐month follow‐up (2004)

Abstract Background : Self‐contained ear‐level devices delivering altered auditory feedback (AAF) for the application with those who stutter have only been recently developed. Aims : The paper examines the first therapeutic application of self‐contained ear‐level devices in three experiments. The effect of the device on the proportion of stuttered syllables and speech naturalness was investigated following initial fitting and at 4 months post‐fitting. Methods & Procedures : Three experiments were undertaken: In Experiment 1, the effect of a self‐contained in‐the‐ear device delivering AAF was investigated with those who stutter during reading and monologue. Two adolescents and five adults who stuttered read and produced monologue with and without a device fit monaurally. The device provided a frequency shift of +500 Hz in combination with a delayed auditory feedback of 60 ms. Custom‐made ITC and CIC devices were fabricated for four adults and four youths in Experiment 2. The effect of group (i.e. youth versus adult), time (i.e. initial fitting versus 4‐month follow‐up), speech task (i.e. reading versus monologue), and device (i.e. present versus absent) on stuttering rate was examined. In Experiment 3, 15 naïve listeners rated the speech naturalness of speech produced by the participants in Experiment 2. Speech samples from six conditions were rated: reading and monologue without the device at the initial visit, reading and monologue with the device at the initial visit, and reading and monologue with the device at 4 months. Outcomes & Results : In Experiment 1, the proportion of stuttered syllables was significantly ( p =0.011) reduced by approximately 90% during reading and 67% during monologue with the device relative to no device. Only a significant main effect of device ( p =0.0028) was found in Experiment 2. That is, stuttering rate was significantly reduced with the device in place regardless of speech task or group and remained so 4 months later. In Experiment 3, speech samples generated while wearing the device were judged to be more natural sounding than those without the device ( p <0.0001) for reading and monologue with both adults and youths. There was no significant difference between the mean naturalness ratings of speech samples generated during the initial fitting with the device relative to that at 4 months with the device ( p >0.05) in all cases except with the youths while engaged in monologue. For that condition, raters judged the speech produced at the initial fitting as more natural. Conclusions : These findings support the notion that a self‐contained in‐the‐ear device delivering AAF assists those who stutter. With the device in place, stuttering is reduced and speech produced is judged to be more natural than with out the device.
Current status of human papillomavirus vaccines (2014)

Cervical cancer is a malignant neoplasm arising from cells that originate in the cervix uteri. It is the second most prevalent cancer among women. It can have several causes; an infection with some type of human papillomavirus (HPV) is the greatest risk factor for cervical cancer. Over 100 types of HPVs have been identified, and more than 40 types of HPVs are typically transmitted through sexual contact and infect the anogenital region. Among these, a number of HPVs types, containing types 16 and 18, are classified as "high-risk" HPVs that can cause cervical cancer. The HPVs vaccine prevents infection with certain species of HPVs associated with the development of cervical cancer, genital warts, and some less common cancers. Two HPVs vaccines are currently on the global market: quadrivalent HPVs vaccine and bivalent HPV vaccine that use virus-like particles as a vaccine antigen. This review discusses the current status of HPVs vaccines on the global market, clinical trials, and the future of HPVs vaccine development.