gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Activated protein C resistance: a comparison between two clotting assays and their relationship to the presence of the factor V Leiden mutation (1996)

Resistance to the anticoagulant effect of activated protein C (APC resistance), a frequent abnormality in patients with a history of venous thrombosis, is known to be due, in the large majority of cases, to the presence of an abnormal factor V: the factor V Leiden. It is reasonable to surmise that screening for this abnormality should be performed with a clotting method for APC resistance, before submitting the patients with abnormal results to DNA analysis. The present study was performed on 216 individuals enrolled at the Bologna centre, of which 189 were unrelated patients with a history of juvenile venous thromboembolism and 27 were relatives with or without thrombosis. APC resistance was first measured in Bologna by a standard commercial method and then, in Leiden, by an in-house method: DNA analysis was performed in those cases in which at least one of the clotting methods was abnormal. The data obtained confirm the good performance and the optimal positive predictive value for the Leiden mutation (100%) of the Leiden in-house clotting method. Performance of the commercial method was less satisfactory but markedly improved by expressing the data in relation to the values simultaneously obtained with a normal plasma pool. Even with optimal data expression, however, the positive predictive value of the commercial method, versus DNA analysis, did not exceed 88%. It is concluded that further standardization of the commercial method here evaluated is necessary before it can be widely adopted for the screening of APC resistance and prediction of the presence of factor V Leiden.
"Mode Stability In A Quasi-Optical Gyrotron" (1988)

The stability of modes in a quasi-optical gyrotron is examined analytically and numerically for both free running, mode locked and phase locked equilibria. One key to the analysis is the fact that the mode eigenfrequencies are nearly integral multiples of a fundamental frequency corresponding to the reciprocal of the radiation transit time between mirrors. Analytically, results are obtained with the use of a klystron model.1,2
Concurrent browsing of bilingual Web sites by content-synchronization and difference-detection (2004)

We propose a new way of browsing bilingual Web sites through concurrent browsing with automatic similar-content synchronization and difference-detection facilities. Our prototype browser system is called the bilingual comparative Web browser (B-CWB) and it concurrently presents bilingual web pages in a way that enables their content of the Web pages to be automatically synchronized. The B-CWB allows users to browse two Web news sites concurrently and compare the similar news articles written in different languages (English and Japanese). The major characteristics of the B-CWB are its content synchronization and difference detection: content synchronization means that user operation (scrolling or clicking) on one Web page automatically invokes not necessarily same operations on the other Web page to preserve similarity of content between the two Web pages. For example, scrolling a Web page may involve passage-level similarity retrieval on the other Web page. Clicking a Web page (and obtaining a new Web page) invokes page-level similarity retrieval within the other Web site pages through the use of a English-Japanese dictionary. Difference detection means that the B-CWB analyzes two similar Web pages shown concurrently to discover the several "differences" between them. This facility is important in comparing two news articles that report the same affairs.
Adoptive Immunotherapy of Feline Leukemia Virus Infection Using Autologous Lymph Node Lymphocytes (1998)

Adoptive immunotherapy using autologous cells expanded ex vivo from lymph nodes was examined in cats infected with the retrovirus feline leukemia virus (FeLV). Cells were obtained from popliteal lymph nodes from 18 FeLV-antigen-positive cats without complications; a mean of 6.2 x 10(7) cells were obtained. Lymph node cells were cultured with 600 IU/ml interleukin-2 (IL-2) for 7 days. Cells expanded 0.8- to 11-fold (mean, 2.7; median, 2.4); were 80% +/- 8.0% CD3+, 29% +/- 8.1% CD4+, and 41% +/- 7.0% CD8+, and exhibited cytolytic activity against FeLV-transformed FL74 cells. Sixteen cats received a single intravenous infusion of 0.13 to 3.9 x 10(8) cells. Cell infusion was well tolerated; fever developed approximately 1 hour postinfusion. Clinical activity, antiviral activity, or both was observed in 10 cats. Nine cats had clinical responses with improvement in weight, activity, appearance, or a combination of these that began 2 to 4 weeks after cell infusion and that lasted for up to 13 or more months. FeLV antigen became undetectable in 4 cats. These results indicate that adoptive immunotherapy using autologous lymph node cells, activated and expanded ex vivo in short-term cultures with low concentrations of IL-2, can modulate the course of a retroviral infection.
Active learning for spoken language understanding (2003)

We describe active learning methods for reducing the labeling effort in a statistical call classification system. Active learning aims to minimize the number of labeled utterances by automatically selecting for labeling the utterances that are likely to be most informative. The first method, inspired by certainty-based active learning, selects the examples that the classifier is least confident about. The second method, inspired by committee-based active learning, selects the examples that multiple classifiers do not agree on. We have evaluated these active learning methods using a call classification system used for AT&T customer care. Our results indicate that it is possible to reduce human labeling effort at least by a factor of two.
SocialStories (2016)

This study present SocialStories - a system based on incremental clustering for streaming tweets, for identifying fine-grained stories within a broader trending topic on Twitter. The contributions include a novel tf-metric, called the inverse cluster frequency, and a decay weighting for entities. We present our experiments on 0.19 million tweets posted in June 2014, revolving around the mentions of a software brand before, during and after a marketing conference and a software release. The novelty of our work is the text-based similarity calculation metrics, including a new similarity metric, called the inverse cluster frequency, and time-specific metrics that allow for the decay of old entities with the passage of time and preserve the homogeneity and the freshness of stories. We report improved performance and higher recall of 80%, against the gold standard (posthoc journalistic reports), as compared to LDA-, and Wavelet-based systems. Our algorithm is able to cluster 80% of all tweets into story-based clusters, which are 86% pure. It also enables earlier detection of trending stories than manual reports, and is far more accurate in identifying fine-grained stories within sub-topics as compared to baseline systems.
Revised minimum reciprocity configuration and actualization methodology of interferometric all-fiber-optic gyroscopes (2011)

We propose a revised minimum reciprocity configuration (MRC) of an interferometric all-fiber-optic gyroscope (all-fiber I-FOG), based on our design of a fused-taper polarization-maintaining fiber coupler. This MRC reduces the insertion loss and production cost of the optical path, yet maintains the principle of reciprocity. Experimental results show that this I-FOG with five optical components exhibits better performance than a conventional I-FOG with six optical components. Using the revised MRC, the angle random walk and the bias instability of an I-FOG are improved from 0.025 deg/√hr to 0.011 deg/√hr, and 0.48 deg/hr to 0.21 deg/hr, respectively.
Phase III study of granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor in advanced HIV disease: effect on infections, CD4 cell counts and HIV suppression (2000)

GM-CSF significantly increased CD4 cell count and decreased virological breakthrough and overall infection rate in subjects with advanced HIV disease.
Pattern-effect-free semiconductor optical amplifier achieved using quantum dots (2002)

It is experimentally shown that the pattern effect inherent in semiconductor optical amplifiers can be eliminated by using self-assembled quantum dots in the active region. This property comes from the ultrafast response of the dominant gain nonlinearity, or spectral-hole burning, which can respond as fast as <3 ps due to intra-dot carrier relaxation, thereby enabling operation up to 160 Gbit/s.
Combatting Synthetic Designer Opioids: A Conjugate Vaccine Ablates Lethal Doses of Fentanyl Class Drugs (2016)

Fentanyl is an addictive prescription opioid that is over 80 times more potent than morphine. The synthetic nature of fentanyl has enabled the creation of dangerous "designer drug" analogues that escape toxicology screening, yet display comparable potency to the parent drug. Alarmingly, a large number of fatalities have been linked to overdose of fentanyl derivatives. Herein, we report an effective immunotherapy for reducing the psychoactive effects of fentanyl class drugs. A single conjugate vaccine was created that elicited high levels of antibodies with cross-reactivity for a wide panel of fentanyl analogues. Moreover, vaccinated mice gained significant protection from lethal fentanyl doses. Lastly, a surface plasmon resonance (SPR)-based technique was established enabling drug-specificity profiling of antibodies derived directly from serum. Our newly developed fentanyl vaccine and analytical methods may assist in the battle against synthetic opioid abuse.
Dynamic polarization compensating system for optical communications receiver (1974)

Electro-optic cell is located in optical path of input light beam. Cell includes crystal for controlling phase between two polarization states. Cell axes are rotated 45 deg to receiver axes defined by vertical and horizontal polarization states. Voltage across cell compensates for bias by introducing different phase retardation along crystal axes.
Binding of HSV-1 Glycoprotein K (gK) to Signal Peptide Peptidase (SPP) Is Required for Virus Infectivity (2014)

Glycoprotein K (gK) is a virion envelope protein of herpes simplex virus types 1 (HSV-1) and 2 (HSV-2), which plays important roles in virion entry, morphogenesis and egress. Two-hybrid and pull-down assays were utilized to demonstrate that gK and no other HSV-1 genes specifically binds to signal peptide peptidase (SPP), also known as minor histocompatibility antigen H13. SPP dominant negative mutants, shRNA against SPP significantly reduced HSV-1 replication in vitro. SPP also affected lysosomes and ER responses to HSV-1 infection. Thus, in this study we have shown for the first time that gK, despite its role in fusion and egress, is also involved in binding the cytoplasmic protein SPP. These results also suggest that SPP plays an important role in viral replication and possibly virus pathogenesis. This makes SPP unique in that its function appears to be required by the virus as no other protein can compensate its loss in terms of viral replication.
Tuning of read/write/erase processes in Electron Trapping Optical Memory media (1992)

The wavelengths of light used for the Read/Write/Erase processes in Electron Trapping Optical Memory have been shown to be tunable. Simulation and excitation efficiency spectra of nine samples of these IR stimulable phosphors were measured. Tuning was accomplished through compositional modifications of the ETOM<SUP>TM</SUP> pseudobinary host lattice. The host lattice systems investigated were CaS, SrS, BaS, Sr<SUB>x</SUB>Ca<SUB>1-x</SUB>S, and Sr<SUB>x</SUB>Ba<SUB>1-x</SUB>S (0 <EQ X <EQ 1). Shifts in the read wavelength of over 125 nm and in the write wavelength of 5 nm were achieved.
Other transgenic mutation assays: APRT: A versatile in vivo resident reporter of local mutation and loss of heterozygosity (1996)

We describe an in vivo mutagenesis model that utilizes reverse mutation and forward mutation at the endogenous Aprt locus. Reverse mutation provides an in situ method for detecting environments or agents that cause point mutations. Forward mutation detects large chromosomal events, including mitotic recombination, chromosome loss, and large multilocus deletion, all of which can lead to loss of heterozygosity. Detection of reverse mutation in vivo is based on the differential capacity of Aprt+ and Aprt− cells to sequester radiolabeled adenine by catalyzing its conversion to adenosine monophosphate with subsequent incorporation into nucleic acids. Cells lacking APRT activity cannot accumulate exogenously administered, tagged adenine, whereas Aprt− cells can and will thereby become marked. Thus, genetically modified mice with mutant but revertible Aprt alleles should be a useful vehicle for in situ detection of mutagenic activity in the whole animal. The feasibility of this model has been illustrated, first, by showing that APRT-deficient mice are viable and, second, by demonstrating that the minority of Aprt+ cells within a chimeric tumor growing in an Aprt− mouse can be selectively labeled following IP injection of [14C]-adenine and can be identified by autoradiography. Forward mutation, detected by growth in selective medium of primary cells derived from Aprt+/- heterozygous mice, provides an independent estimate of in viva mutation frequency. The frequency with which Aprt− colonies arise provides a measure of the frequency of Aprt−-negative cells in the tissue at that point in time. Culture of skin fibroblasts in 2,6-diaminopurine (DAP) produced Aprt− colonies with a frequency of about 10−4. This frequency is similar to that found for human T lymphocytes from individuals heterozygous at the Aprt locus. In both cases, the majority of mutagenic events involved allele loss. Polymerase chain reaction with linked polymorphic microsatellites on mouse chromosome 8 demonstrated that allele loss was mediated mostly by mitotic recombination, as was the case for human T lymphocytes. The high frequency of mitotic recombination and allele loss at a neutral locus has significant implications for the process of tumorigenesis and argues that spontaneous or induced mitotic recombination may play a causal role in the progression to cancer. © 1996 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Preparation and evaluation of a lubricious treated cartridge used for implantation of intraocular lenses (2006)

In the last decades, many surface modification technologies have been developed in an attempt to improve the function of medical device surfaces by adding or enhancing surface characteristics. These value-added processes included treatment to affect lubricity, hemocompatibility and drug delivery. A unique hydrophilic, lubricious coating was developed to treat hydrophobic polymer surfaces. The coating platforms described are composed of a polyelectrolyte molecular film containing hydrophilic, lubricant molecules. The molecular film is then further cross-linked with di-functional aldehyde molecules to form an interpenetrating network (IPN). The IPN entraps lubricant molecules in the matrix and provides for prolonged stability of the lubricity. This coating was applied to cartridges which were used to deliver intraocular lenses (IOLs) that replaced the cataractous crystalline lenses in patients In order to determine the safety and effectiveness of the coating, a rabbit in vivo study was designed to evaluate the ease of implantation and postoperative response to implantation of the foldable acrylic IOLs. The performance evaluation of the lubricious treated cartridges focused on the ease of insertion and post-IOL implantation response. It was found that the UNFOLDER Emerald Insertion System (Advanced Medical Optics) with lubricious treated cartridges generally required lower insertion forces than the standard UNFOLDER Emerald cartridges. The postoperative inflammatory response following lens extraction and posterior chamber implantation of low (6D), medium (20D) and high (30D) diopter foldable acrylic IOLs with both treated and standard cartridges was mild. Inflammation generally resolved by 3 weeks. Thus, in this animal study, the coating was shown to be effective in assisting the delivery of IOLs through cartridges, without causing any adverse effects.
Requirements for Session Recording Protocol (SRP) (2009)

Session recording is a critical requirement in many business
communications environments such as call centers and financial trading
floors. In some of these environments, all calls must be recorded for
regulatory and compliance reasons. In others, calls may be recorded
for quality control or business analytics. Recording is typically done
by sending a copy of the media to the recording devices. This document
specifies requirements for a protocol that will manage delivery of
media from an end-point that originates media or that has access to it
to a recording device. This protocol is being referred to as Session
Recording Protocol and will most likely be based on SIP.
A New Approach to Closed-Loop Autotuning for Proportional−Integral−Derivative Controllers (1998)

A simple method for the autotuning of proportional−integral−derivative (PID) controllers which keeps the PID controllers in a closed loop is proposed. A limit cycle is generated through setpoint relay to extract relevant information about the process dynamics. Ziegler−Nichols tuning formulas based on the reaction curve method and the ultimate gain and ultimate period method are used to calculate the PID parameters. Extensive simulations have shown that the proposed method is accurate and needs not to switch off the existing controller.
Online estimation of IGBT junction temperature (Tj) using gate-emitter voltage (Vge) at turn-off (2013)

The paper presents a novel method for online estimation of the junction temperature (Tj) of semiconductor chips in IGBT modules, based on evaluating the gate-emitter voltage (Vge) during the IGBT switch off process. It is shown that the Miller plateau width (in the Vge waveform) depend linearly on the junction temperature of the IGBT chips. Hence, a method can be proposed for estimating the junction temperature even during converter operation - without the need of additional thermal sensors or complex Rth network models. A measurement circuit was implemented at gate level to measure the involved time duration and its functionality was demonstrated for different types of IGBT modules.
Asymmetric Hydrogenation of Ketones by Ruthenium Catalysis (2014)

Key words asymmetric hydrogenation - bisdihydrobenzooxaphospholes - ruthenium
Design considerations in cardiac CT (2006)

In cardiac CT temporal resolution is directly related to the gantry rotation time of 3<sup>rd</sup> generation CT scanners. This time cannot be substantially reduced below current standards of 0.33 s - 0.35 s due to mechanical limitations. As an alternative we present a dual source CT (DSCT) system. The system is equipped with two X-ray tubes and two corresponding detectors that are mounted onto the rotating gantry with an angular offset of 90°. Due to the simultaneous data acquisition and the angular offset, complementary quarter-scan data are measured at the same phase in the cardiac cycle. Hence, the exposure time of any image slice is reduced by a factor of two and the temporal resolution is improved by the same factor. In contrast to single source cardiac CT with multi-segment image reconstruction, the temporal resolution does not depend on the heart rate. Since multi-segment reconstruction techniques applied in single source cardiac CT, which limit the table speed, are no longer needed, faster volume coverage in cardiac spiral imaging can be achieved. As a consequence of these concepts, patient dose in cardiac CT can be significantly reduced. ECG correlated image reconstruction is based on 3D backprojection of the Feldkamp type. Data truncation coming from the fact that one detector (A) covers the entire scan field of view (50 cm in diameter), while the other detector (B) is restricted to a smaller, central field of view (26 cm in diameter), has to be treated. We evaluate temporal resolution and dose efficiency by means of phantom scans and computer simulations. We present first patient scans to illustrate the performance of DSCT for ECG correlated cardiac imaging.
Ex Vivo Rapamycin Generates Donor Th2 Cells That Potently Inhibit Graft-versus-Host Disease and Graft-versus-Tumor Effects via an IL-4-Dependent Mechanism (2005)

Rapamycin (sirolimus) inhibits graft-vs-host disease (GVHD) and polarizes T cells toward Th2 cytokine secretion after allogeneic bone marrow transplantation (BMT). Therefore, we reasoned that ex vivo rapamycin might enhance the generation of donor Th2 cells capable of preventing GVHD after fully MHC-disparate murine BMT. Using anti-CD3 and anti-CD28 costimulation, CD4+ Th2 cell expansion was preserved partially in high-dose rapamycin (10 microM; Th2.rapa cells). Th2.rapa cells secreted IL-4 yet had reduced IL-5, IL-10, and IL-13 secretion relative to control Th2 cells. BMT cohorts receiving wild-type (WT) Th2.rapa cells, but not Th2.rapa cells generated from IL-4-deficient (knockout) donors, had marked Th2 skewing post-BMT and greatly reduced donor anti-host T cell alloreactivity. Histologic studies demonstrated that Th2.rapa cell recipients had near complete abrogation of skin, liver, and gut GVHD. Overall survival in recipients of WT Th2.rapa cells, but not IL-4 knockout Th2.rapa cells, was constrained due to marked attenuation of an allogeneic graft-vs-tumor (GVT) effect against host-type breast cancer cells. Delay in Th2.rapa cell administration until day 4, 7, or 14 post-BMT enhanced GVT effects, moderated GVHD, and improved overall survival. Therefore, ex vivo rapamycin generates enhanced donor Th2 cells for attempts to balance GVHD and GVT effects.
Predicting Perceived Brand Personality with Social Media (2021)

Brand personality has been shown to affect a variety of user behaviors such as individual preferences and social interactions. Despite intensive research efforts in human personality assessment, little is known about brand personality and its relationship with social media. Leveraging the theory in marketing, we analyze how brand personality associates with its contributing factors embodied in social media. Based on the analysis of over 10K survey responses and a large corpus of social media data from 219 brands, we quantify the relative importance of factors driving brand personality. The brand personality model developed with social media data achieves predicted R2 values as high as 0.67. We conclude by illustrating how modeling brand personality can help users find brands suiting their personal characteristics and help companies manage brand perceptions.
Problem or solution: The strange story of glucagon (2018)

Globally, 13% of the world's adult population is obese, and more than 400 million people suffer from diabetes. These conditions are both associated with significant morbidity, mortality and financial cost. Therefore, finding new pharmacological treatments is an imperative. Relative hyperglucagonaemia is seen in all types of diabetes, and has been implicated in its pathogenesis. Consequently, clinical trials are underway using drugs which block glucagon activity to treat type 2 diabetes. Conversely, exogenous glucagon can increase energy expenditure. Therefore, researchers are designing peptides that combine activation of the glucagon receptor with further incretin properties, which will treat obesity while mitigating the hyperglycaemic effects of glucagon. This review will discuss these conflicting physiological properties of glucagon, and the attempts to harness these effects pharmacologically.