gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Leukotriene B4-loaded microspheres: a new therapeutic strategy to modulate cell activation (2008)

LTB4-loaded MS preserve the biological activity of the encapsulated mediator indicating their use as a new strategy to modulate cell activation, especially in the innate immune response.
Glycerol hyperhydration: hormonal, renal, and vascular fluid responses (1995)

Glycerol ingestion has been shown to mediate hyperhydration; however, the mechanism(s) responsible for this improved fluid retention is not well understood. This study examined the hormonal, renal, and vascular fluid responses to glycerol hyperhydration in 11 resting male volunteers who ingested one of two experimental solutions and then a water bolus. The volume of fluid ingested was determined from the subjects' measured total body water (TBW; total volume = 37 ml/l TBW, 1,765 +/- 162 ml). Experimental solutions (5.0 ml/l TBW) were matched for color and taste and differed only in that one contained 1.5 g glycerol/l TBW (total osmolar load = 777 +/- 24 mosmol). Nine of the 11 subjects also completed a control trial during which no fluid was ingested. Glycerol ingestion (GI) resulted in greater fluid retention than the ingestion of water alone (WI; 60 vs. 32% 3-h posthyperhydration, P < 0.01). This improved fluid retention with GI resulted from lower urine flow rates (peak 6.2 vs. 10.5 ml/min, P < 0.01) associated with lower free water clearance rates (peak = 1.2 vs. 8.2 ml/min, P < 0.01). Hyperhydration had no effect on plasma atrial natriuretic peptide concentrations. Changes in plasma aldosterone were unrelated to differences in fluid retention. Antidiuretic hormone concentrations (ADH) were significantly reduced from prehyperhydration levels during both hyperhydration trials but tended (P = 0.07) to rise during GI compared with WI at the very time urine flow and free water clearance differences were also evident. This suggests that ADH may, in part, be responsible for glycerol's effectiveness, although differences in ADH concentrations were small and near the assay's sensitivity limits. Alternatively, glycerol's effectiveness may result from its directly increasing the kidneys' medullary concentration gradient and, hence, water reabsorption.
Unit Nonresponse in a Population-Based Study of Prostate Cancer (2016)

Low unit response rates can increase bias and compromise study validity. Response rates have continued to fall over the past decade despite all efforts to increase participation. Many factors have been linked to reduced response, yet relatively few studies have employed multivariate approaches to identify characteristics that differentiate respondents from nonrespondents since it is hard to collect information on the latter. We aimed to assess factors contributing to enrollment of prostate cancer (PCa) patients. We combined data from the North Carolina-Louisiana (LA) PCa Project's LA cohort, with additional sources such as US census tract and LA tumor registry data. We included specific analyses focusing on blacks, a group often identified as hard to enroll in health-related research. The ability to study the effect of Hurricane Katrina, which occurred amidst enrollment, as a potential determinant of nonresponse makes our study unique. Older age (≥ 70) for blacks (OR 0.65) and study phase with respect to Hurricane Katrina for both races (OR 0.59 for blacks, OR 0.48 for whites) were significant predictors of participation with lower odds. Neighborhood poverty for whites (OR 1.53) also was a significant predictor of participation, but with higher odds. Among blacks, residence in Orleans parish was associated with lower odds of participation (OR 0.33) before Katrina. The opposite occurred in whites, with lower odds (OR 0.43) after Katrina. Our results overall underscore the importance of tailoring enrollment approaches to specific target population characteristics to confront the challenges posed by nonresponse. Our results also show that recruitment-related factors may change when outside forces bring major alterations to a population's environment and demographics.
Piezoelectrically tunable electromagnetic vibration harvester (2010)

The presented electromagnetic vibration harvester consists of NdFeB magnets fixed to an elastic suspension in close vicinity to the coil. The suspension is realized with a piezoelectric bimorph cantilever with oppositely polarized layers. If an electric field is applied to that configuration the elastostriction alters the cantilevers bending stiffness. As a consequence the eigenfrequency of the harvester can be tuned up to 20%. This beneficial effect is explained with an analytical model including nonlinear piezoelectric properties. Under tuning operation mode, more than 50 ¿W are scavenged continuously across the entire frequency range.
Stratus Not Altocumulus: A New View of the Yeast Protein Interaction Network (2006)

Systems biology approaches can reveal intermediary levels of organization between genotype and phenotype that often underlie biological phenomena such as polygenic effects and protein dispensability. An important conceptualization is the module, which is loosely defined as a cohort of proteins that perform a dedicated cellular task. Based on a computational analysis of limited interaction datasets in the budding yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae, it has been suggested that the global protein interaction network is segregated such that highly connected proteins, called hubs, tend not to link to each other. Moreover, it has been suggested that hubs fall into two distinct classes: "party" hubs are co-expressed and co-localized with their partners, whereas "date" hubs interact with incoherently expressed and diversely localized partners, and thereby cohere disparate parts of the global network. This structure may be compared with altocumulus clouds, i.e., cotton ball-like structures sparsely connected by thin wisps. However, this organization might reflect a small and/or biased sample set of interactions. In a multi-validated high-confidence (HC) interaction network, assembled from all extant S. cerevisiae interaction data, including recently available proteome-wide interaction data and a large set of reliable literature-derived interactions, we find that hub-hub interactions are not suppressed. In fact, the number of interactions a hub has with other hubs is a good predictor of whether a hub protein is essential or not. We find that date hubs are neither required for network tolerance to node deletion, nor do date hubs have distinct biological attributes compared to other hubs. Date and party hubs do not, for example, evolve at different rates. Our analysis suggests that the organization of global protein interaction network is highly interconnected and hence interdependent, more like the continuous dense aggregations of stratus clouds than the segregated configuration of altocumulus clouds. If the network is configured in a stratus format, cross-talk between proteins is potentially a major source of noise. In turn, control of the activity of the most highly connected proteins may be vital. Indeed, we find that a fluctuation in steady-state levels of the most connected proteins is minimized.
Attaching and Effacing<i>Escherichia coli</i>Infections in Calves, Pigs, Lambs, and Dogs (1989)

Attaching and effacing Escherichia coli (AEEC) adhere to mucosal epithelium in both small and large intestine and induce a distinctive lesion characterized by an irregular scalloped appearance of the epithelial layer. Infection with attaching and effacing E. coli was detected in 14 calves, 7 pigs, 2 lambs, and 3 dogs. Affected animals were from farms and kennels in South Dakota, Minnesota, Iowa, Nebraska, and Wisconsin. Ages of affected animals were calves, 2 days to 4 months; pigs, 1-6 weeks; lambs, 1 week; and dogs, 7-8 weeks. Clinical signs included diarrhea in all animals, but other nonenteric disease problems were present in some animals. Concurrent infection with other enteropathogens was detected in 9 calves and 5 pigs. Infection with AEEC appeared to be the sole cause of illness and death in some animals. There was evidence of intestinal hemorrhage in 5 of the calves and in all 3 dogs. Attaching and effacing lesions varied from small scattered foci to widespread involvement of large areas of intestinal mucosa. Verotoxin was produced by E. coli strains isolated from 9 calves, but not by strains from pigs, lambs, or dogs.
Role of chemotaxis in the association of motile bacteria with intestinal mucosa: in vivo studies (1981)

In vivo loops were prepared in the small intestine of rabbits and injected with mixtures of Vibrio cholerae and polystyrene spheres (1.1-micrometers diameter). The loops were removed and frozen after 15 min and then sectioned in a cryostat. The locations of particles and vibrios were determined microscopically. The vibrio/particle ratio was unity in the lumen of the loops, but increased 10-fold in the deep intervillous spaces, indicating active invasion of the mucus gel by the chemotactic parent strain. Motile nonchemotactic mutants and nonmotile mutants of this strain invaded the mucus at the same rate as inert particles. Similar results were obtained with intestinal loops prepared in germfree mice. When germfree mice were disassociated with mixtures of chemotactic (parent or revertant) and nonchemotactic mutant vibrios in equal proportions, the chemotactic strain rapidly outgrew its nonchemotactic counterpart in the intestine. Nonchemotactic mutants introduced as monoassociates into germfree mice were rapidly overgrown by nonmotile mutants which apparently arose spontaneously in the gut. Motility was therefore beneficial to survival only when it was directed by chemotactic stimuli, whereas it was a liability in the absence of such stimuli. Growth of chemotactic vibrios in small intestinal loops of rabbits paralleled that of nonchemotactic mutants for the first 4 to 6 h. Thereafter, the growth rate of the chemotactic vibrios was significantly faster. This was correlated with a significantly higher degree of association with the mucosa on the part of the chemotactic vibrios.
A cross-device drag-and-drop technique (2013)

Many interactions naturally extend across smart-phones and devices with larger screens. Indeed, data might be received on the mobile but more conveniently processed with an application on a larger device, or vice versa. Such interactions require spontaneous data transfer from a source location on one screen to a target location on the other device. We introduce a cross-device Drag-and-Drop technique to facilitate these interactions involving multiple touchscreen devices, with minimal effort for the user. The technique is a two-handed gesture, where one hand is used to suitably align the mobile phone with the larger screen, while the other is used to select and drag an object between devices and choose which application should receive the data.
Review—Recent Progress in Flexible and Stretchable Piezoresistive Sensors and Their Applications (2020)

The recent advances in wearable electronics and intelligent human-machine interface systems have garnered great interests in electromechanical sensors, which can measure and quantify physical stimuli. Among different types of electromechanical sensors, piezoresistive sensors have been extensively investigated due to the excellent sensitivity, simple construction, and durability. Especially, there have been remarkable developments of flexible and stretchable piezoresistive sensors for wearable devices by investigating novel material/structural strategies to obtain highly sensitive piezoresistive sensors with skin-like flexibility. Here, we give a comprehensive overview of the recent progress in flexible and stretchable piezoresistive sensors and their applications. Based on the material composition and structural characteristics, the piezoresistive sensors are categorized into three types—conductive polymeric composite, porous conductive material, and architected conductive material. Subsequently, we have summarized their transduction mechanisms, fabrication processes, sensing performances, and applications. Finally, we have discussed current challenges and future opportunities for piezoresistive sensors.
Advances in Microwave Near-Field Imaging: Prototypes, Systems, and Applications (2020)

Microwave imaging employs detection techniques to evaluate hidden or embedded objects in a structure or media using electro-magnetic (EM) waves in the microwave range, 300 MHz-300 GHz. Microwave imaging is often associated with radar detection such as target location and tracking, weather-pattern recognition, and underground surveillance, which are far-field applications. In recent years, due to microwaves' ability to penetrate optically opaque media, short-range applications, including medical imaging, nondestructive testing (NDT) and quality evaluation, through-the-wall imaging, and security screening, have been developed. Microwave near-field imaging most often occurs when detecting the profile of an object within the short range (when the distance from the sensor to the object is less than one wavelength to several wave-lengths) and depends on the electrical size of the antenna(s) and target.
Incorporation of Oxygen from Water into Toluene and Benzene during Anaerobic Fermentative Transformation (1986)

Toluene and benzene were anaerobically transformed and eventually mineralized in mixed methanogenic cultures. However, the source of oxygen for the initial oxidation step had been unknown, owing to the presence of both methanol and water. No exogenous electron acceptors other than carbon dioxide, toluene, and benzene were present in the defined mineral medium. Through the use of O-labeled water, the oxygen incorporated into the monoaromatic compounds was shown to come from water. The cresol from the toluene and the phenol from the benzene contained up to 8% O label after incubation in 9% O-labeled medium. Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry was used to detect the O-labeled aromatic metabolites.
Laser terahertz emission microscopy (2008)

Laser terahertz (THz) emission microscopy (LTEM) is reviewed. Femtosecond lasers can excite THz waves in various electronic materials due to ultrafast current modulation. The current modulation is realized by the acceleration or deceleration of photo-excited carriers, and thus LTEM visualizes the dynamic photo-response of substances. We construct a free-space type and scanning probe type with transmission or reflection modes. The developed systems have a minimum spatial resolution better than 2 μm, which is defined by the laser beam diameter. We present some examples of LTEM applications, such as ferroelectric domain imaging, quantitative supercurrent distribution in high- <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" overflow="scroll"> <mml:msub> <mml:mi>T</mml:mi> <mml:mi>c</mml:mi> </mml:msub> </mml:math> superconductors, defect detection of MOS devices as well as the visualization of the photo-responses in materials and devices.
Oxygen-dependence of mitochondrial ROS production as detected by Amplex Red assay (2018)

The initial rates of superoxide plus hydrogen peroxide (ROS) generation by intact or permeabilized rat heart mitochondria and coupled inside-out bovine heart submitochondrial particles (SMP) oxidizing NAD-dependent substrates, NADH, and succinate were measured by detecting resorufin formation in the Amplex Red assay at various oxygen concentrations. Linear dependences of the initial rates on oxygen concentration within the range of ~125-750 μM were found for all significant mitochondrial generators, i.e. the respiratory complexes and ammonium-stimulated dihydrolipoamide dehydrogenase. At lower oxygen concentrations upon its decrease from air saturation level to zero, the time-course of resorufin formation by SMP catalyzing coupled oxidation of succinate (the total ROS production by respiratory complexes II and III and by the reverse electron transfer (RET)-mediated by complex I) also corresponds to the linear dependence on oxygen with the same first-order rate constant determined in the initial rate studies. Prolonged incubation of SMP generating succinate-supported complex I-mediated ROS affected neither their NADH oxidase nor ROS generating activity. In contrast to SMP significant deviation from the first-order oxygen dependence in the time-course kinetics during coupled oxidation of succinate by intact mitochondria was evident. Complex I catalyzes the NADH:resorufin oxidoreductase reaction resulting in formation of colorless reduced resorufin. Hydrogen peroxide oxidizes reduced resorufin in the presence of peroxidase, thus showing its dihydroresorufin peroxidase activity. Combined NADH:resorufin reductase and dihydroresorufin peroxidase activities result in underestimation of the amount of hydrogen peroxide generated by mitochondria. We conclude that only initial rates of the mitochondrial ROS production, not the amount of resorufin accumulated, should be taken as the reliable measure of the mitochondrial ROS-generating activity, because of the cycling of the oxidized and reduced resorufin during Amplex Red assays fed by NADH and other possible reductant(s) present in mitochondria.
Scalable Video Streaming Based on JPEG2000 Transcoding with Adaptive Rate Control (2007)

This paper describes a scalable video streaming system based on JPEG2000 with various modes of streaming. A core function of the proposed system is a low-complexity transcoding technique that adapts the quality and resolution of the scene based on available bandwidth. One key feature of this technique that is important for surveillance applications is that interesting regions of the scene are assigned higher quality than background regions. To cope with varying network conditions, we also present a rate control algorithm that adaptively transcodes stored JPEG2000 frames. The proposed algorithm is designed to improve overall quality over a uniform rate control method by increasing bandwidth utilization, while satisfying buffer constraints and maintaining consistent quality over time. Simulation results confirm the effectiveness of the proposed system and rate control algorithm in terms of both objective measures and subjective evaluation. Complexity is also evaluated.
Biomaterials for endogenous regenerative medicine: Coaxing stem cell homing and beyond (2018)

Over the past two decades, an accumulating body of evidence indicates that well-designed biomaterials are able to coax the homing of resident stem cells to injured sites and orchestrate their behaviors and functions to promote tissue regeneration. This paradigm opens a new research avenue, termed endogenous regenerative medicine (ERM) in this manuscript, that takes advantage of the body's own regenerative capacity to manage a broad spectrum of ischemic and degenerative diseases. By building on the hidden regenerative potential of resident stem cells, ERM circumvents the complex processes involved in tissue engineering and thereby facilitates the development of clinically translatable regenerative approaches. In fact, tremendous progress has been achieved in the field of ERM, and a large body of literature covering both biological discoveries made in the laboratory and preclinical successes in animal models supports the notion that ERM technologies should be translated to clinical scenarios aimed at curing disease states. In this manuscript, we summarize the strategies with either demonstrated effectiveness or significant potential for harnessing stem cell homing in therapeutics with the aims of defining new criteria for biomaterial design in the field of ERM and predicting future developments in this ever-evolving and rapidly advancing arena.
A new uroflowmeter for routine clinical use. (1975)

The views of trial participants, trial investigators and others connected to clinical trial research in Canada suggest that researchers have an obligation to participants to publicly report clinical trial results and that reporting results is necessary for honouring informed consent.
A Ring-Shaped Photodiode Designed for Use in a Reflectance Pulse Oximetry Sensor in Wireless Health Monitoring Applications (2010)

We report a photodiode for use in a reflectance pulse oximeter for use in autonomous and low-power homecare applications. The novelty of the reflectance pulse oximeter is a large ring shaped backside silicon pn photodiode. The ring-shaped photodiode gives optimal gathering of light and thereby enable very low light-emitting diode (LED) driving currents for the pulse oximeter. The photodiode also have a two layer SiO <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> /SiN interference filter yielding 98% transmission at the measuring wavelengths, 660 nm and 940 nm, and suppressing other wavelengths down to 50% transmission. The photodiode has a radius of 3.68 mm and a width of 0.78 mm giving an area of 18 mm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> . The capacitance of the photodiode is measured to 34.5 nF. The quantum efficiency of the photodiode is measured to 55% and 62% at 660 nm and 940 nm, respectively. It is acceptable for this prototype but can be improved. The sensor also has an on-chip integrated Au thermistor for measuring the skin temperature of the body. The thermistor has a Temperature Coefficient of Resistance of 2.7·10 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">-3</sup> K <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">-1</sup> and a repeatability on temperature measurements of ±0.26°C. The photodiode is fabricated in a clean room environment by two diffusion processes and an Advanced Silicon Etch to make the hole in the middle for the LEDs. The sensor is designed to be integrated in a sticking patch of hydrocolloid polymer together with integrated electronics, radio communication unit, and a coin cell battery. The reflectance pulse oximetry sensor is demonstrated to work in a laboratory setup with a Ledtronics dual LED with wavelengths of 660 and 940 nm. Using this setup photoplethysmograms which clearly show the cardiovascular cycle have been recorded. The sensor is shown to work very well with low currents of less than 10 mA.
Why Are There Great Fluctuations in the Prices of Vegetables? (2013)

The normal supply of vegetables is related to the people's livelihood and social stability, and smooth prices of vegetables are vital to social development. Based on the phenomenon of great fluctuations in the prices of vegetables in recent years, we use living example to analyze the real reasons for great fluctuations in the prices of vegetables from the perspective of supply chain node of vegetables and macroeconomic policies. Finally, from the balance of supply and demand, industry standardization, circulation, market order and the government mechanism, we put forth the following management strategies for controlling great fluctuations in the prices of vegetables: establishing and improving the channels of information transmission, making the production and marketing information symmetrical, and balancing supply and demand; actively promoting the industry standardization of vegetables; reducing the intermediate links, and curtailing the circulation cost of vegetables; regulating the "green channel" of vegetables, and preventing uptick in the prices of vegetables in the "last mile"; cracking down on the vegetable speculation behavior to ensure the healthy development of the vegetable market; actively giving play to the role of government, and building the vegetable protection system.