gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Calculation of Δn/sup 2/ and κ for an acoustically induced distributed Bragg reflector (ADBR) (1998)

The preliminary feasibility analysis and theoretical design of an acoustically induced distributed Bragg reflector (ADBR) suitable for possible integration with a III-V semiconductor laser is presented. The proposed ADBR structure consists of a simple unapodized interdigitated transducer (IDT) patterned by e-beam lithography atop a III-V compound semiconductor optical waveguide structure. It is proposed that a gigahertz-range surface acoustic wave (SAW) could present a tunable distributed Bragg reflector (DBR) index grating to a colinearly propagating guided optical wave. Both the change in the impermeabiility tensor, /spl Delta/n/sup 2/, and the resulting distributed feedback (DFB) coupling coefficient, /spl kappa/, in the ADBR section are calculated due to only the classic photoelastic effect by employing a Laguerre polynomial SAW analysis technique. The SAW fields are normalized using the normal mode IDT equivalent circuit model and a power balance technique to provide realistic /spl kappa/ values in order to assess the feasibility of this device while driven at its center frequency. The analysis of the ADBR /spl kappa/ is limited to the coupling between counterpropagating TE optical modes and is calculated using general overlap integral expression. For an example /spl lambda//sub 0/=1.55 /spl mu/m In/sub 1-x/Ga/sub x/As/sub y/P/sub 1-y/-InP multiple-quantum-well (MQW) laser structure coated with a 0.1-/spl mu/m ZnO piezoelectric layer, the maximum ADBR /spl kappa/ was calculated to be 4.9 cm/sup -1/ when using a series-inductor-tuned submicron electrode IDT-SAW reflector configuration driven by a RF source operating at approximately 2.9 GHz. It is shown that exceeding the maximum strain on the substrate or the occurrence of dielectric breakdown fan put an upper limit on the realizable value of /spl kappa/. The potential optical tunability of an ADBR section is estimated for the case when an unapodized LDT is used for SAW generation. Finally, various fabrication and design techniques are listed which may enhance the ADBR /spl kappa/ value, along with a list of other physical effects which may need to be considered in future analyses.
Real time anomaly detection in H.264 compressed videos (2013)

Real time anomaly detection is the need of the hour for any security applications. In this paper, we have proposed a real-time anomaly detection algorithm by utilizing cues from the motion vectors in H.264/AVC compressed domain. The discussed work is principally motivated by the observation that motion vectors (MVs) exhibit different characteristics during anomaly. We have observed that H.264 motion vector magnitude contains relevant information which can be used to model the usual behavior (UB) effectively. This is subsequently extended to detect abnormality/anomaly based on the probability of occurrence of a behavior. Additionally, we have suggested a hierarchical approach through Motion Pyramid for High Resolution videos to further increase the detection rate. The proposed algorithm has performed extremely well on UMN and Peds Anomaly Detection Video datasets, with a detection speed of >150 and 65-75 frames per sec in respective datasets resulting in more than 200× speedup along with comparable accuracy to pixel domain state-of-the-art algorithms.
Software measurement: a necessary scientific basis (1994)

Software measurement, like measurement in any other discipline, must adhere to the science of measurement if it is to gain widespread acceptance and validity. The observation of some very simple, but fundamental, principles of measurement can have an extremely beneficial effect on the subject. Measurement theory is used to highlight both weaknesses and strengths of software metrics work, including work on metrics validation. We identify a problem with the well-known Weyuker properties (E.J. Weyuker, 1988), but also show that a criticism of these properties by J.C. Cherniavsky and C.H. Smith (1991) is invalid. We show that the search for general software complexity measures is doomed to failure. However, the theory does help us to define and validate measures of specific complexity attributes. Above all, we are able to view software measurement in a very wide perspective, rationalising and relating its many diverse activities.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
After the Internet: Alien Intelligence (2000)

The Internet has transformed our world, but as world-renowned business and technology guru James Martin shows in his groundbreaking book, this is only the beginning of the radical changes computers will bring to our lives.
Whole-genome and transcriptome analysis enhances precision cancer treatment options (2022)

Integrating RNA expression and genome data illuminated treatment options that resulted in 46% of treated patients experiencing positive clinical benefit, supporting the use of comprehensive WGTA profiling in clinical cancer care.
Bildverarbeitungsunterstützte Laserknochenablation am humanen Felsenbein (2009)

Für die Grenzflächenerhaltung am Innenohr als mikrochirurgische Herausforderung und wichtiger Schritt zur bestmöglichen Versorgung von Schwerhörigen mit Cochleaimplantaten wird in dieser Arbeit die bildbasierte Regelung während eines laserbasierten Knochenabtrages eingesetzt. Dabei wird der Aufbau des Systems, Bildverarbeitungsalgorithmen für die Grenzflächenerkennung, Planung, Simulation und Modellierung des mikrochirurgischen Knochenabtrages sowie die experimentelle Verifikation beschrieben.
Hypertension Correlates With Lenticulostriate Arteries Visualized by 7T Magnetic Resonance Angiography (2009)

Hypertension, a major risk factor for stroke, is associated with altered arterial anatomy and function; however, the limited resolution of current imaging techniques has restricted the in vivo study of microvascular changes in the brain. In this report, we quantitatively examined the lenticulostriate arteries in hypertensive patients using ultrahigh-field 7T MRI. We compared the number of stems and branches, curvature, and tortuosity of the lenticulostriate arteries by 3D time-of-flight magnetic resonance angiography among 20 hypertensive patients (mean age: 46.6+/-9.1 years) and 20 age-matched healthy subjects (mean age: 47.7+/-8.1 years). The average numbers of stems and branches in hypertensive patients were significantly less than those of healthy subjects (P<0.002). However, this difference was abolished in older volunteers (>45 years old), whereas the difference between young hypertensive patients (< or = 45 years old) and age-matched healthy controls was augmented by 55% for stems and 91% for branches (P=0.001). In comparison, there were no differences in the average curvature and tortuosity of the lenticulostriate arteries and no significant difference when corrected for smoking (P=0.064). In conclusion, our results showed that there was a substantial difference in the lenticulostriate arteries of hypertensive patients compared with healthy individuals when observed in vivo by ultrahigh-resolution 7T magnetic resonance angiography, and the difference was considerable in young subjects.
Impact of Human Activity Patterns on the Dynamics of Information Diffusion (2009)

We study the impact of human activity patterns on information diffusion. To this end we ran a viral email experiment involving 31,183 individuals in which we were able to track a specific piece of information through the social network. We found that, contrary to traditional models, information travels at an unexpectedly slow pace. By using a branching model which accurately describes the experiment, we show that the large heterogeneity found in the response time is responsible for the slow dynamics of information at the collective level. Given the generality of our result, we discuss the important implications of this finding while modeling human dynamical collective phenomena.
SycE allows secretion of YopE–DHFR hybrids by the <i>Yersinia enterocolitica</i> type III Ysc system (2002)

The Ysc type III secretion system allows Yersinia enterocolitica to translocate virulence proteins, called Yop effectors, into the cytosol of eukaryotic cells. Some of the Yop effectors possess an individual chaperone called a Syc protein. The first 15 amino acids of the YopE effector constitute a secretion signal that is sufficient to promote secretion of several reporter proteins. Residues 15-50 of YopE comprise the minimal binding domain for the SycE chaperone. In this study, we investigated the secretion by the Ysc system of several YopE-DHFR hybrid proteins with different folding properties, and evaluated the role of SycE, the cognate chaperone of YopE, in this context. We have analysed the secretion of hybrids containing 16 (YopE16), 52 (YopE52) and 80 (the complete region covered by the chaperone, YopE80) amino acids of YopE or full-length YopE (YopEFL) with wild-type DHFR and two mutants with altered folding properties. The hybrids containing DHFR delta77, the mutant whose folding properties are the most drastically affected, could be secreted in all the conditions tested, even in the absence of the chaperone SycE. In contrast, DHFRwt could only be secreted fused to the first 52 amino acids of YopE, and its secretion was strictly dependent on SycE. The hybrids YopE80-DHFRwt and YopEFL-DHFRwt were not secreted. YopEFL-DHFRwt completely jammed the channel in an SycE-dependent fashion. Our experiments indicate that, in order to be secreted, proteins must be unfolded or only partially folded, and that TSS chaperones could keep their substrates in a secretion-competent conformation, probably by preventing their folding. In addition, they show that the secretion apparatus can reject folded proteins if they are not deeply engaged into the injectisome.
Bimetallic Nanoshells as Platforms for Metallo‐ and Biometallo‐Catalytic Applications (2015)

Abstract The use of gold, silver, platinum and palladium for preparation of bimetallic nanoshells (AgAu, AgPt, and AgPdNSs, respectively) and their use for metallo‐ and bio‐metallo catalytic applications have been described. Bimetallic nanoshells (metallo‐catalysts) were employed for silane oxidation to silanols and hydrogen (H 2 ) production. Fast and efficient oxidation of several silanes was observed after only 1 h at room temperature, by employing AgPd NSs as catalyst, acetone as solvent, and water as oxidant. Interestingly, bio‐metallo‐catalysts (NSs‐CALB) prepared from lipase attachment to the bimetallic nanoshells, displayed promising bi‐catalytic activities (enzymatic: transesterification; metallic: silane oxidation).
Interleukin 4 therapy for patients with chronic lymphocytic leukaemia: a phase I/II study (2001)

Interleukin 4 (IL-4) is a pleiotropic type II cytokine which has been shown to have a direct killing effect on lymphoma and B-cell chronic lymphocytic leukaemia (B-CLL) cells in vitro. The clinical effects and toxicity of IL-4 treatment in patients with B-CLL were evaluated. Fourteen patients with B-CLL who were in partial remission after chemotherapy received one, two or three 8-week cycles of escalating doses (2, 4 or 6 microg/kg/d s.c.) of IL-4 for 3 d/week. Clinical response was analysed after each treatment cycle and toxicity was monitored continuously. Ten patients (71%) had progressive disease (PD) during IL-4 treatment. This was mainly attributable to an increase (two- to fourfold) of the blood lymphocyte count during IL-4 therapy. After cessation of IL-4 treatment, the lymphocytosis decreased spontaneously in 8 out of 12 evaluable patients. Splenomegaly remained unchanged in 7/7 patients, whereas enlarged lymph nodes were reduced by > 50% in 1/13 patients and by 25-50% in 4/13 patients. None of the patients achieved an objective tumour regression (complete or partial remission). A temporary increase (16-60%) of the platelet count was observed during IL-4 treatment. The platelet count decreased in 8/11 patients after the end of IL-4 therapy. World Health Organization (WHO) grade I/II fever, arthralgia and fatigue was observed in one-third of the patients and was more commonly seen with the highest dose (6 microg/kg/d). One patient developed pulmonary oedema and WHO grade III neutropenia was recorded in three patients. IL-4 was well tolerated by most patients in an outpatient setting. The anti-tumour activity observed in previous in vitro studies was not verified by the present in vivo trial which showed that IL-4 may instead increase the number of CLL cells in blood, indicating that IL-4 may have induced a stimulatory or antiapoptotic effect on the CLL cells in blood. These results may have important implications for the development of immunotherapy of CLL. In addition, the potential platelet-stimulatory effect of IL-4 warrants further studies.
Online Robust Non-negative Dictionary Learning for Visual Tracking (2013)

This paper studies the visual tracking problem in video sequences and presents a novel robust sparse tracker under the particle filter framework. In particular, we propose an online robust non-negative dictionary learning algorithm for updating the object templates so that each learned template can capture a distinctive aspect of the tracked object. Another appealing property of this approach is that it can automatically detect and reject the occlusion and cluttered background in a principled way. In addition, we propose a new particle representation formulation using the Huber loss function. The advantage is that it can yield robust estimation without using trivial templates adopted by previous sparse trackers, leading to faster computation. We also reveal the equivalence between this new formulation and the previous one which uses trivial templates. The proposed tracker is empirically compared with state-of-the-art trackers on some challenging video sequences. Both quantitative and qualitative comparisons show that our proposed tracker is superior and more stable.
BimodalGaze: Seamlessly Refined Pointing with Gaze and Filtered Gestural Head Movement (2020)

Eye gaze is a fast and ergonomic modality for pointing but limited in precision and accuracy. In this work, we introduce BimodalGaze, a novel technique for seamless head-based refinement of a gaze cursor. The technique leverages eye-head coordination insights to separate natural from gestural head movement. This allows users to quickly shift their gaze to targets over larger fields of view with naturally combined eye-head movement, and to refine the cursor position with gestural head movement. In contrast to an existing baseline, head refinement is invoked automatically, and only if a target is not already acquired by the initial gaze shift. Study results show that users reliably achieve fine-grained target selection, but we observed a higher rate of initial selection errors affecting overall performance. An in-depth analysis of user performance provides insight into the classification of natural versus gestural head movement, for improvement of BimodalGaze and other potential applications.
Algorithms for a spot price responding residential load controller (1989)

A description is given of the algorithms designed for use in residential load control systems. The authors present the functions to be fulfilled by such a price-responsive device and describe the end-user devices available in residences and the control logics applicable to each. It is concluded that there is a need to understand customer attitudes and acceptance in the design of the response strategies and in the design of the man-machine interface.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Different solutions used for submucosal injection influenced early healing of gastric endoscopic mucosal resection in a preclinical study in experimental pigs (2008)

The use of glycerol-based solution for submucosal injection was associated with more pronounced histological signs of early healing of EMRs compared with hydroxypropyl methylcellulose.
Tamoxifen Decreases Renal Inflammation and Alleviates Disease Severity in Autoimmune NZB/W F1 Mice (2000)

It has been documented that sex hormone may play a role in the pathogenesis of murine lupus. To determine the effect of tamoxifen (TAM) on NZB/W F1 female mice, a total dose of 800 microg (22 mg/kg body weight) of TAM was administered subcutaneously every 2 weeks. The control mice were injected with peanut oil only. After treatment with TAM for 5 months, the mice were killed and immunological parameters were evaluated. The results suggest that NZB/W F1 mice treated with TAM had less severe proteinuria and increased survival rate compared to controls. Flow cytometric analysis of splenocytes revealed a significantly lower percentage of B cells and CD5+ B cells in the TAM-treated group. There was a significantly lower serum level of soluble tumour necrosis factor (TNF) receptor I and II molecules in the TAM-treated mice. Immunohistological study showed that control mice had severe immune complex deposition in the kidney. In contrast, TAM-treated mice had much less pathological change. In summary, this study demonstrated that TAM treatment might be able to alleviate the symptoms of lupus nephritis, influence B-cell count, modulate the expression of cytokine receptors and thereby subsequently affect immune function. Further studies to determine the cellular mechanisms in lupus nephritis may increase our understanding of this complex disease and provide additional targets for therapeutic intervention.
Stacked PCA Network (SPCANet): An effective deep learning for face recognition (2015)

High-level features can represent the semantics of the original data and it is a plausible way to avoid the problem of hand-crafted features for face recognition. This paper proposes an effective deep learning framework by stacking multiple output features that learned through each stage of the Convolutional Neural Network (CNN). Different from the traditional deep learning network, we use Principal Component Analysis (PCA) to get the filter kernels of convolutional layer, which is name as Stacked PCA Network (SPCANet). Our SPCANet model follows the basic architecture of the CNN, which comprises three layers in each stage: convolutional filter layer, nonlinear processing layer and feature pooling layer. Firstly, in the convolutional filter layer of our model, PCA instead of stochastic gradient descent (SGD) is employed to learn filter kernels, and the output of all cascaded convolutional filter layers is used as the input of nonlinear processing layer. Secondly, the following nonlinear processing layer is also simplified. We use hashing method for nonlinear processing. Thirdly, the block based histograms instead of max-pooling technique are employed in the feature pooling layer. In the last output layer, the output of each stage is stacked together as one final feature output of our model. Extensive experiments conducted on many different face recognition scenarios demonstrate the effectiveness of our proposed approach.
Suppression of Splenic Lymphocyte Proliferation by <i>Eucommia ulmoides</i> and Genipin (2015)

We investigated the modulation of innate and adaptive immune cell activation by Eucommia ulmoides Oliver extract (EUE) and its ingredient genipin. As an innate immunity indicator, the phagocytic activity of macrophages was determined by measuring engulfed, fluorescently labeled Escherichia coli. As a surrogate marker for the respective activation of cellular and humoral adaptive immunity, concanavalin A (Con A) and lipopolysaccharide (LPS) induction of primary splenocyte proliferation was assayed in in vitro and ex vivo systems. EUE and genipin suppressed the proliferation of primary splenic lymphocytes induced by Con A or LPS, but not macrophage phagocytosis. Oral administration of EUE and genipin to mice decreased splenic lymphocyte proliferation induced by Con A or LPS. These results revealed that E. ulmoides and genipin suppressed cellular and humoral adaptive immunity, and they suggest that E. ulmoides and genipin are promising candidates for immunosuppressive drugs that target diseases that involve excessive activation of adaptive immunity.
P16 methylation in serum as a potential marker for the malignancy of colorectal carcinoma. (2007)

The p16 methylation score might serve as a new parameter for the prognosis of colorectal carcinoma. Moreover, p16 methylation was found in the serum of patients in all clinical stages, suggesting that early colorectal carcinoma could be detected using the RTQ-MSP method.
[Paclitaxel (Taxol) and docetaxel (Taxotere): results of phase II trials in monochemotherapy]. (1995)

The taxanes, paclitaxel and docetaxel, are the two presents clinically available representatives of a cytotoxic class with a new mechanism of action: they enhance microtubule assembly and inhibit their depolymerization. Their activity has been demonstrated in ovarian, breast and lung cancers. Paclitaxel and docetaxel are also promising agents in the treatment of head and neck, gastric and pancreatic cancer. Neutropenia is the dose limiting toxicity. Currently, use of premedication allows to circumvent hypersensitivity reactions encountered earlier with paclitaxel. For docetaxel, measures to prevent fluid retention are essential.
Ontologies and the semantic web (2008)

How ontologies provide the semantics, as explained here with the help of Harry Potter and his owl Hedwig.
MER Spirit rover localization: Comparison of ground image– and orbital image–based methods and science applications (2011)

[1] During 6 years of continuous operations on the Martian surface, the Mars Exploration Rover (MER) Spirit has covered a traverse of approximately 7 km from the landing point to its current position at “Troy” near Home Plate. Localization of Spirit (and Opportunity) has been performed using two different methods: one that employs an incremental bundle adjustment (IBA) using rover imagery, and one that compares image features common to both a rover orthoimage and an orbital orthoimage. The IBA method continuously yields the desired 3-D rover positions at a very high level of accuracy and provides a simultaneous solution for high-quality topographic mapping of neighborhoods surrounding the rover. On the other hand, high-resolution orbital imagery can verify rover positions wherever the rover track is visible. Rapid rover localization on the orbital orthoimage is often achieved by comparing a rover orthoimage to the orbital orthoimage. In this paper, we present research results from a systematic comparison of these two localization methods over the entire length of the Spirit traverse. Two orbital orthoimages were generated from High Resolution Imaging Science Experiment (HiRISE) imagery. Integration of Mars Orbiter Laser Altimeter (MOLA) data into the HiRISE digital elevation model (DEM) and orthoimage generation was performed and proved to be effective in reducing large inconsistencies between MOLA and HiRISE data. This study found an overall difference of 1.5 percent of the traversed distance between the two sets of traverse positions derived using the two different localization methods. After a geometric transformation from one traverse to the other, the remaining inconsistency then represents the local differences between them and can be reduced to a level of less than 0.15 percent. Discussions of error sources and the strength and weakness of the methods are given. Scientific applications of the localization data are also briefly introduced.