gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Use-dependent plasticity of the human motor cortex in health and disease (2005)

The adult brain can reorganize to accommodate environmental modifications and to compensate for lost function, a process known as plasticity. The last few years have provided extraordinary evidence regarding the mechanisms underlying plastic changes and have spurred the development of new strategies to modulate these processes. The ability of the mature brain to constantly reorganize has gained further credibility with the advent of transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS). Plasticity is thought to be influenced by neurotransmitters and decreases substantially with normal aging. TMS has demonstrated that remarkable plastic changes occur in response to pharmacological agents and peripheral or central nervous system injury. Plastic changes are also associated with intense motor training such as constraint-induced therapy (CIT). For instance, premedication with amphetamine resulted in faster induction, increased magnitude, and prolonged duration of plasticity elicited by motor training compared to a placebo. Similarly, peripheral sensory stimulation resulted in enhancement of plastic changes. Finally, TMS cortical motor maps enlarge after CIT in stroke patients. This work discusses the potential of TMS as a useful tool to probe novel strategies to enhance plasticity in humans.
Automatic landmark detection in cephalometry using a modified Active Shape Model with sub image matching (2007)

This paper introduces a modification on using Active Shape Models (ASM) for automatic landmark detection in cephalometry and combines many new ideas to improve its performance. In first step, some feature points are extracted to model the size, rotation, and translation of skull. A Learning Vector Quantization (LVQ) neural network is used to classify images according to their geometrical specifications. Using LVQ for every new image, the possible coordinates of landmarks are estimated, knowing the class of new image. Then a modified ASM with a multi resolution approach is applied and a principal component analysis (PCA) is incorporated to analyze each template and the mean shape is calculated. The local search to find the best match to the intensity profile is then used and every point is moved to get the best location. Finally a sub image matching procedure, based on cross correlation, is applied to pinpoint the exact location of each landmark after the template has converged. On average 24 percent of the 16 landmarks are within 1 mm of correct coordinates, 61 percent within 2 mm, and 93 percent within 5 mm, which shows a distinct improvement on other proposed methods.
See More, Do More, Teach More: Surgical Resident Autonomy and the Transition to Independent Practice (2016)

The graduate medical education system is tasked with training competent and autonomous health care providers while also improving patient safety, delivering more efficient care, and cutting costs. Concerns about resident autonomy and preparation for independent and safe practice appear to be growing, and the field of surgery faces unique challenges in preparing graduates for independent practice. Multiple factors are contributing to an erosion of resident autonomy and decreased operative experience, including differing views of autonomy, financial forces, duty hours regulations, and diverse community health care needs. Identifying these barriers and developing solutions to overcome them are vital first steps in reversing the trend of diminishing autonomy in surgical residency training. This Commentary highlights the problem of decreasing autonomy, outlines specific threats to resident autonomy, and discusses potential solutions to mitigate their impact on the successful transition to independent practice.
A randomized, double-blind study of romiplostim to determine its safety and efficacy in children with immune thrombocytopenia (2011)

Romiplostim, a thrombopoietin-mimetic peptibody, increases and maintains platelet counts in adults with immune thrombocytopenia (ITP). In this first study of a thrombopoietic agent in children, patients with ITP of ≥ 6 months' duration were stratified by age 1:2:2 (12 months-< 3 years; 3-< 12 years; 12-< 18 years). Children received subcutaneous injections of romiplostim (n = 17) or placebo (n = 5) weekly for 12 weeks, with dose adjustments to maintain platelet counts between 50 × 10(9)/L and 250 × 10(9)/L. A platelet count ≥ 50 × 10(9)/L for 2 consecutive weeks was achieved by 15/17 (88%) patients in the romiplostim group and no patients in the placebo group (P = .0008). Platelet counts ≥ 50 × 10(9)/L were maintained for a median of 7 (range, 0-11) weeks in romiplostim patients and 0 (0-0) weeks in placebo patients (P = .0019). The median weekly dose of romiplostim at 12 weeks was 5 μg/kg. Fourteen responders received romiplostim for 4 additional weeks for assessment of pharmacokinetics. No patients discontinued the study. There were no treatment-related, serious adverse events. The most commonly reported adverse events in children, as in adults, were headache and epistaxis. In this short-term study, romiplostim increased platelet counts in 88% of children with ITP and was well-tolerated and apparently safe. The trial was registered with http://www.clinicaltrials.gov as NCT00515203.
Cryo-EM structure of a native, fully glycosylated, cleaved HIV-1 envelope trimer (2016)

The envelope glycoprotein trimer (Env) on the surface of HIV-1 recognizes CD4(+) T cells and mediates viral entry. During this process, Env undergoes substantial conformational rearrangements, making it difficult to study in its native state. Soluble stabilized trimers have provided valuable insights into the Env structure, but they lack the hydrophobic membrane proximal external region (MPER, an important target of broadly neutralizing antibodies), the transmembrane domain, and the cytoplasmic tail. Here we present (i) a cryogenic electron microscopy (cryo-EM) structure of a clade B virus Env, which lacks only the cytoplasmic tail and is stabilized by the broadly neutralizing antibody PGT151, at a resolution of 4.2 angstroms and (ii) a reconstruction of this form of Env in complex with PGT151 and MPER-targeting antibody 10E8 at a resolution of 8.8 angstroms. These structures provide new insights into the wild-type Env structure.
BYTE SLICING GRØSTL - Optimized Intel AES-NI and 8-bit Implementations of the SHA-3 Finalist Grøstl (2011)

Grostl is an AES-based hash function and one of the 5 finalists of the SHA-3 competition. In this work we present high-speed implementations of Grostl for small 8-bit CPUs and large 64-bit CPUs with the recently introduced AES instructions set. Since Grostl does not use the same MDS mixing layer as the AES, a direct application of the AES instructions seems difficult. In contrast to previous findings, our Grostl implementations using the AES instructions are currently by far the fastest known. To achieve optimal performance we parallelize each round of Grostl by taking advantage of the whole bit width of the used processor. This results in implementations running at 12.2 cylces/byte for Grostl-256 and 18.6 cylces/byte for Grostl-512.
Handbook of Silicon Photonics (2013)

The development of integrated silicon photonic circuits has recently been driven by the Internet and the push for high bandwidth as well as the need to reduce power dissipation induced by high data-rate signal transmission. To reach these goals, efficient passive and active silicon photonic devices, including waveguide, modulators, photodetectors, etc.
Active Queue Management in TCP Networks Based on Fuzzy-Pid Controller (2012)

We introduce a novel and robust active queue management (AQM) scheme based on a fuzzy controller, called hybrid fuzzy-PID controller. In the TCP network, AQM is important to regulate the queue length by passing or dropping the packets at the intermediate routers. RED, PI, and PID algorithms have been used for AQM. But these algorithms show weaknesses in the detection and control of congestion under dynamically changing network situations. In this paper a novel Fuzzy-based proportional-integral derivative (PID) controller, which acts as an active queue manager (AQM) for Internet routers, is proposed. These controllers are used to reduce packet loss and improve network utilization in TCP/IP networks. A new hybrid controller is proposed and compared with traditional RED based controller. Simulations are carried out to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed method and show that, the new hybrid fuzzy PID controller provides better performance than random early detection (RED) and PID controllers
The Feast of Tabernacles and the Book of Revelation (2000)

A few studies have offered evidence for a connection between the Hebrew festivals and the book of Revelation.' Others have noted specifically the relation between the Feast of Tabernacles and Rev 7:9-17.2This study seeks to explore in greater detail the relation between the Feast of Tabernacles (FT) and the book of Revelation.Specifically, it extensively examines the O T elements of the FT and takes note of parallels in Revelation that seem to suggest a typological function for the FT that finds its fulfillment in the eschatology of the Apocalypse.If such a relation can be demonstrated, we can learn more about the eschatology of Revelation from a close study of the FT. The Feast of TabernaclesIn order to study the relation between the FT and the book of Revelation, it is important to explore extensively the OT background and significance of the FT.This includes its relation to the other Hebrew festivals, as well as the details of the FT itself and the explicit commemorative and other significance given it in the OT. General BackgrozlndThe FT was the major pilgrim festival of the nation of Israel.It was the last of six cultic festivals mandated by Yahweh in Lev 23, namely, the 'See, e.g.,
Pulse retrieval in frequency-resolved optical gating based on the method of generalized projections (1994)

We use the algorithmic method of generalized projections (GP's) to retrieve the intensity and phase of an ultrashort laser pulse from the experimental trace in frequency-resolved optical gating (FROG). Using simulations, we show that the use of GP's improves significantly the convergence properties of the algorithm over the basic FROG algorithm. In experimental measurements, the GP-based algorithm achieves significantly lower errors than previous algorithms. The use of GP's also permits the inclusion of an arbitrary material response function in the FROG problem.
Coactivator AIB1 links estrogen receptor transcriptional activity and stability (2004)

Agonist-mediated degradation of estrogen receptor alpha (ERalpha) has been associated with its transcriptional activity. However, the mechanism by which ERalpha is targeted for degradation and whether there is a direct functional link between ERalpha stability and ERalpha-mediated transactivation have not been elucidated. Here we provide evidence that the p160 coactivator, AIB1, uniquely mediates agonist-induced, but not antagonist-induced, ERalpha degradation. We show that AIB1 recruitment by ERalpha is not only necessary but also sufficient to promote degradation. Suppression of AIB1 levels leads to ERalpha stabilization in the presence of 17beta-estradiol and, despite increased ERalpha levels, reduced recruitment of ERalpha to endogenous target gene promoters. In addition, association of RNA polymerase II with ERalpha target promoters is lost when AIB1 is suppressed, leading to inhibition of target gene transcription. AIB1 thus plays a dual role in regulating ERalpha activity, one in recruiting transcription factors including other coactivators involved in gene activation and the other in regulating ERalpha protein degradation mediated by the ubiquitin-proteosome machinery.
Implementation of a real-time voice encryption system (2008)

In this master thesis, a voice encryption system was programmed as a real-time\nsoftware application. The idea was based on a previous graduation thesis and is\nmeant to show an example of the possibilities of signal processing for educational\nuse. The application uses a frequency scrambling technique on an audio signal taken\nfrom the computer microphone input and plays it scrambled back to the speakers, or\nother way around to descramble the signal. The basic idea is to use a frequency\nchannel decomposition through digital signal filtering and down-sampling.\nReassembling these sub-bands in a different order, a scrambled voice signal is the\nresult. In addition, the scrambling process is embedded into a “software framework”\nwhich allows the use of an audio data stream from and to a sound card through\ndifferent APIs so a computer platform real-time application can be accomplished.
Computation of the Phase Response Curve: A Direct Numerical Approach (2006)

Neurons are often modeled by dynamical systems—parameterized systems of differential equations. A typical behavioral pattern of neurons is periodic spiking; this corresponds to the presence of stable limit cycles in the dynamical systems model. The phase resetting and phase response curves (PRCs) describe the reaction of the spiking neuron to an input pulse at each point of the cycle. We develop a new method for computing these curves as a by-product of the solution of the boundary value problem for the stable limit cycle. The method is mathematically equivalent to the adjoint method, but our implementation is computationally much faster and more robust than any existing method. In fact, it can compute PRCs even where the limit cycle can hardly be found by time integration, for example, because it is close to another stable limit cycle. In addition, we obtain the discretized phase response curve in a form that is ideally suited for most applications. We present several examples and provide the implementation in a freely available Matlab code.
Spatial Cloud Detection and Retrieval System for Satellite Images (2012)

In last the decade we witnessed a large increase in data generated by earth observing satellites. Hence, intelligent processing of the huge amount of data received by hundreds of earth receiving stations, with specific satellite image oriented approaches, presents itself as a pressing need. One of the most important steps in earlier stages of satellite image processing is cloud detection. Satellite images having a large percentage of cloud cannot be used in further analysis. While there are many approaches that deal with different semantic meaning, there are rarely approaches that deal specifically with cloud detection and retrieval. In this paper we introduce a novel approach that spatially detect and retrieve clouds in satellite images using their unique properties .Our approach is developed as spatial cloud detection and retrieval system (SCDRS) that introduce a complete framework for specific semantic retrieval system. It uses a Query by polygon (QBP) paradigm for the content of interest instead of using the more conventional rectangular query by image approach. First, we extract features from the satellite images using multiple tile sizes using spatial and textural properties of cloud regions. Second, we retrieve our tiles using a parametric statistical approach within a multilevel refinement process. Our approach has been experimentally validated against the conventional ones yielding enhanced precision and recall rates in the same time it gives more precise detection of cloud coverage regions.
Hyper-IL-6 Gene Therapy Reverses Fulminant Hepatic Failure (2001)

Fulminant hepatic failure is a catastrophic condition caused by massive hepatocellular apoptosis and necrosis. Inhibition of hepatocyte apoptosis and the enhancement of the endogenous potential for liver regeneration could potentially form an effective basis for treatment of this condition. In response to injury in the liver, IL-6 mediates the acute-phase response and induces both cytoprotective and mitogenic functions. Hyper-IL-6 is a superagonistic designer cytokine consisting of human IL-6 linked by a flexible peptide chain to the secreted form of the IL-6 receptor. In a mouse model of acute liver failure induced by d-galactosamine administration, a single low dose of a hyper-IL-6-encoding adenoviral vector, in contrast to an adeno-IL-6 vector, maintained liver function, prevented the progression of liver necrosis, and induced liver regeneration, leading to dramatically enhanced survival. Thus, hyper-IL-6 gene therapy may be useful for the treatment of fulminant hepatic failure, which is often fatal even following treatment by transplantation.
Evaluation of the effect of red guava (<em>Psidium guajava</em>) fruit extract on tyrosinase (EC 1.14.18.1) activity by spectrophotometry (2012)

Tyrosinase is one of the most important enzymes in melanin biosynthesis. Inhibition of tyrosinase activity will cause a decrease in melanin production. Tyrosinase inhibitory activity by ascorbic acid has been studied before. Based on reported experiments, ascorbic acid can inhibit tyrosinase activity in enzymatic reaction competitively. As an effort to find out a skin whitening agent which is effective, safe and have minimum adverse effect, the inhibitory activities of Psidium guajava extract was studied on tyrosinase activity. This is one of the fruits that contains high amount of ascorbic acid. To determine the efficacy of tyrosinase inhibition, L-tyrosine was used as the substrate, P. guajava ex-tract as inhibitor and ascorbic acid as positive control that was measured by spectrophotometry. The optimization of method was also performed. The inhibitory kinetics was determined by measuring the absorbance of dopachrome as the end product of the tyrosinase reaction. Michaelis-Menten constant (Km) and maximum velocity (Vmax) of the ty-rosinase were determined by Lineweaver-Burks plots. The Km and Vmax without the fruit extract were 0.315mM and 0.0265?mol/min. The Km value with the fruit extract of 1%, 2% & 3% w/v were 0.4824, 0.698 & 0.543mM, while the Vmax value were 0.0269, 0.0283 & 0.0255 ?mol/min, respectively. Lineweaver-Burks plots in presence of P. guajava fruit extract showed that the extract inhibited tyrosinase competitively. From the plots, the IC50 of the fruit extract was determined as 0.26mM; the control in 0.26mM concentration inhibited 56.523%. Finally, P. guajava fruit extract showed higher effect than ascorbic acid on Tyrosinase activity.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/icpj.v1i5.10280International Current Pharmaceutical Journal 2012, 1(5): 92-97
Transcriptome profiling identifies regulators of pathogenesis in collagen VI related muscular dystrophy (2017)

Differentially expressed genes identified here may help identify new targets for development of therapies and biomarkers to assess the efficacy of treatments.
Cognitive-Behavioral Psychotherapy for Pediatric Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder (2001)

Discusses the cognitive-behavioral psychotherapy for pediatric obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD). Over the past 15 years, cognitive-behavioral psychotherapy has emerged as the psychosocial treatment of choice for OCD across lifespan. Unlike other psychotherapies that have been applied usually unsuccessfully to OCD, cognitive-behavioral treatment (CBT) presents a logically consistent and compelling relationship between the disorder, the treatment, and the specified outcome. Nevertheless, despite a consensus that CBT is usually helpful, clinicians routinely complain that patients will not comply with behavioral treatments and parents routinely complain that clinicians are poorly trained in CBT, with the result that many if not most children and adolescents are denied access to effective psychosocial treatment. This unfortunate situation may be avoidable, given an increased understanding regarding the implementation of CBT in children and adolescents with OCD. To this end, we review the principles and the practical aspects of the cognitive-behavioral treatment of OCD in youth, move on to discuss empirical studies supporting the use of CBT in the pediatric age group, and conclude by discussing directions for future research.
Method for the addition of vulcanized waste rubber to virgin rubber products (2023)

The invention is a method of using enzymes from thiophyllic microbes for selectively breaking the sulfur rubber cross-link bonds in vulcanized rubber. The process is halted at the sulfoxide or sulfone step so that a devulcanized layer is reactive with virgin rubber.
Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs): A Survey on Civil Applications and Key Research Challenges (2019)

The use of unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) is growing rapidly across many civil application domains, including real-time monitoring, providing wireless coverage, remote sensing, search and rescue, delivery of goods, security and surveillance, precision agriculture, and civil infrastructure inspection. Smart UAVs are the next big revolution in the UAV technology promising to provide new opportunities in different applications, especially in civil infrastructure in terms of reduced risks and lower cost. Civil infrastructure is expected to dominate more than $45 Billion market value of UAV usage. In this paper, we present UAV civil applications and their challenges. We also discuss the current research trends and provide future insights for potential UAV uses. Furthermore, we present the key challenges for UAV civil applications, including charging challenges, collision avoidance and swarming challenges, and networking and security-related challenges. Based on our review of the recent literature, we discuss open research challenges and draw high-level insights on how these challenges might be approached.
Monoclonal Lym-1 antibody-dependent lysis of B-lymphoblastoid tumor targets by human complement and cytokinine-exposed mononuclear and neutrophilic polymorphonuclear leukocytes (1996)

Lym-1 is a murine IgG2a monoclonal antibody that recognizes a polymorphic variant of HLA-DR antigens on malignant B cells, with minimal cross-reactivity with normal tissues. Because it can be safely administered in vivo, a detailed knowledge of its ability to recruit and trigger the antitumor immune effector systems is required to optimize potential serotherapeutic approaches in B-lymphoma patients. By using Raji cells as a model of B-lymphoma targets, we found that Lym-1 activates complement-mediated lysis efficiently. Moreover, Lym-1 was capable of triggering the antibody-dependent cellular cytolysis (ADCC) by peripheral blood mononuclear cells (MNCs). On the contrary, it failed to trigger neutrophilic polymorphonuclear leukocyte (PMN)-mediated ADCC activity. In an attempt to enhance Lym-1 ADCC by MNCs and PMNs, nine biologic response modifiers were tested. MNC-mediated Lym-1 ADCC was significantly stimulated by interleukin-2 (IL-2) and unaffected by other mediators, including gamma-interferon (gamma-IFN), tumor necrosis factor a (TNFalpha), and granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF). On the other hand, PMN-mediated Lym-1 ADCC was induced or significantly augmented by various cytokines, such as GM-CSF, TNFalpha, and gamma-IFN, and chemotaxins, such as formyl peptides (FMLP), complement fragment C5a, and IL-8. Both MNC- and PMN-mediated ADCC was unaffected by granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G- CSF) and insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1). Finally, only GM-CSF and TNFalpha augmented the number of PMNs actually engaged in the binding of Raji target cells. The findings presented here, in particular those showing stimulatory activity of biologic response modifiers, may inspire new attempts for developing Lym-1 antibody-based approaches to the therapy of B lymphomas.