gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A scanning system for intelligent imaging: I-ImaS (2007)

I-ImaS (Intelligent Imaging Sensors) is a European project aiming to produce adaptive x-ray imaging systems using Monolithic Active Pixel Sensors (MAPS) to create optimal diagnostic images. Initial systems concentrate on mammography and cephalography. The on-chip intelligence available to MAPS technology will allow real-time analysis of data during image acquisition, giving the capability to build a truly adaptive imaging system with the potential to create images with maximum diagnostic information within given dose constraints. In our system, the exposure in each image region is optimized and the beam intensity is a function not only of tissue thickness and attenuation, but also of local physical and statistical parameters found in the image itself. Using a linear array of detectors with on-chip intelligence, the system will perform an on-line analysis of the image during the scan and then will optimize the X-ray intensity in order to obtain the maximum diagnostic information from the region of interest while minimizing exposure of less important, or simply less dense, regions. This paper summarizes the testing of the sensors and their electronics carried out using synchrotron radiation, x-ray sources and optical measurements. The sensors are tiled to form a 1.5D linear array. These have been characterised and appropriate correction techniques formulated to take into account misalignments between individual sensors. Full testing of the mammography and cephalography I-ImaS prototypes is now underway and the system intelligence is constantly being upgraded through iterative testing in order to obtain the optimal algorithms and settings.
Isolation and mutational analysis of circulating tumor cells from lung cancer patients with magnetic sifters and biochips (2013)

Detection and characterization of circulating tumor cells (CTCs) may reveal insights into the diagnosis and treatment of malignant disease. Technologies for isolating CTCs developed thus far suffer from one or more limitations, such as low throughput, inability to release captured cells, and reliance on expensive instrumentation for enrichment or subsequent characterization. We report a continuing development of a magnetic separation device, the magnetic sifter, which is a miniature microfluidic chip with a dense array of magnetic pores. It offers high efficiency capture of tumor cells, labeled with magnetic nanoparticles, from whole blood with high throughput and efficient release of captured cells. For subsequent characterization of CTCs, an assay, using a protein chip with giant magnetoresistive nanosensors, has been implemented for mutational analysis of CTCs enriched with the magnetic sifter. The use of these magnetic technologies, which are separate devices, may lead the way to routine preparation and characterization of “liquid biopsies” from cancer patients.
Proprotein convertases promote processing of VEGF‐D, a critical step for binding the angiogenic receptor VEGFR‐2 (2007)

Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF)-D is a secreted glycoprotein that induces angiogenesis and lymphangiogenesis. It consists of a central domain, containing binding sites for VEGF receptor-2 (VEGFR-2) and VEGFR-3, and N- and C-terminal propeptides. It is secreted from the cell as homodimers of the full-length form that can be proteolytically processed to remove the propeptides. It was recently shown, using adenoviral gene delivery, that fully processed VEGF-D induces angiogenesis in vivo, whereas full-length VEGF-D does not. To better understand these observations, we monitored the effect of VEGF-D processing on receptor binding using a full-length VEGF-D mutant that cannot be processed. This mutant binds VEGFR-2, the receptor signaling for angiogenesis, with approximately 17,000-fold lower affinity than mature VEGF-D, indicating the importance of processing for interaction with this receptor. Further, we show that members of the proprotein convertase (PC) family of proteases promote VEGF-D processing, which facilitates the VEGF-D/VEGFR-2 interaction. The PCs furin and PC5 promote cleavage of both propeptides, whereas PC7 promotes cleavage of the C-terminal propeptide only. The finding that PCs promote activation of VEGF-D and other proteins with roles in cancer such as matrix metalloproteinases, emphasizes the importance of these enzymes as potential regulators of tumor progression and metastasis.
Vascular and Calcemic Effects of Plasma of Spontaneously Hypertensive Rats (1990)

Circulating substances that increase intracellular calcium, and other circulating substances that increase blood pressure, have been described in hypertensive animals and humans. In this study, we report the existence of a factor of the plasma of spontaneously hypertensive rats that does both. These effects were dose-dependent, and the time course for such effects was correlated with the time course for potentiation of pressor agents by the plasma. In addition, the plasma of spontaneously hypertensive rats was found to inhibit the depressor effects of parathyroid hormone. Our results confirm the presence of a circulating hypertensive factor in the plasma of spontaneously hypertensive rats, which may act by increasing calcium uptake in vascular smooth muscle. These findings may also help explain the secondary increase in parathyroid hormone noted in some forms of human and experimental hypertension.
Reliable through silicon vias for 3D silicon applications (2009)

The use of through silicon vias (TSVs) is required to implement 3D chip stacking technology. This work explores a method to fabricate highly reliable TSVs that is compatible with CMOS processing. The key feature of the TSVs is a redundant tungsten bar with a high temperature thermal oxide insulating liner. Care must be taken when exposing the TSVs from the back side so that material is not left on the surface that can cause a leakage path to the silicon wafer. TSVs were produced with that had no fails through standard JDEC testing.
Structural and Functional Characterization of Liposomal Recombinant Hepatitis B Vaccine (1996)

Liposomal hepatitis B vaccine was prepared by encapsulating recombinant 22-nm hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) particles derived from a Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cell line in multilammelar lipid vesicles (MLV) composed of 9:1 dimyristoyl phosphatidyl-choline/dimyristoyl phosphatidylglycerol. The CHO-derived HBsAg particles reveal 6 bands in polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis related to the presence of 3 peptides (S, M, & L). Four different methods were used to prepare the MLV vaccine, each resulting in freeze-dried powder which upon hydration gave MLV of a similar mean size, 4.5 μm. The humoral response to these 4 liposomal vaccines in mice was dependent on the method of preparation, but for all of them it was better than the response to alum-based vaccine (especially at a low dose of antigen). Comparison of vaccination using “naked” HBsAg particles, particles adsorbed to alum, and particles encapsulated in liposomes demonstrated that at low dose of antigen the liposomal vaccine was superior in eliciting humoral response. Encapsulation in liposomes did not improve specific cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) response. The alum in the vaccine completely eliminates CTL response, though it improved the humoral response by increasing the linear range in the antigen dose-response curve (increasing the antibody titer at high antigen dose). A similar response profile was obtained with recombinant yeast (Hansenula) 22-nm particles composed of a single non-glycosylated (p24) peptide and lipids. The similarity in the response to the mammalian cell and yeast derived vaccine suggests that the physical nature of the vaccine, more than the exact composition, determines the balance between humoral and CTL responses.
Shape, displacement and mechanical properties from isogeometric multiview stereocorrelation (2016)

International audience
Improved forward link error correction for CDMA systems with space time transmit diversity (2003)

The channel code decoder in a CDMA mobile performs channel state estimation to determine the reliability of each received encoded symbol. This reliability information is typically an estimate of received signal envelope and interference plus noise variance. Most papers that investigate CDMA forward link channel code performance assume that all interference and noise can be modeled as a single, stationary Gaussian process. This assumption leads to inaccurate channel state estimates since in-cell interference is non-stationary on the CDMA forward link. This paper presents a channel state estimation procedure for single antenna and Space Time Transmit Diversity (STTD) transmission that accounts for non-stationary in-cell interference. Simulations are used to illustrate how this scheme improves convolutional and turbo code performance.
Effects of Parasitic Source/Drain Junction Area on Terahertz Responsivity of MOSFET Detector (2018)

This paper reports the effect of the source/drain junction area on the responsivity of a metal-oxide field-effect transistor (MOSFET)-based terahertz (THz) detector. From the numerical analysis based on the distributed-channel model for the plasma-wave detection mechanism, it is predicted that both the responsivity and noise-equivalent power (NEP) are improved with a relatively larger source junction area than drain junction area. For experimental verification, three types of MOSFET detectors with different source/drain junction areas are fabricated with 65-nm CMOS technology. From on-wafer measurement at 0.3 THz, 2.57 times enhanced responsivity and 63% reduced NEP have been obtained in the sample with the smallest drain junction area and the largest source junction area.
Abstract A63: Commensal microbiota promote lung tumorigenesis via γδ T cells (2020)

Abstract Lung cancer is closely associated with chronic inflammation, but the mechanisms underlying inflammation in this setting have not been clearly defined nor have the specific contributions of particular immune cell types been elucidated. The lung is a mucosal tissue colonized by a diverse bacterial community, and pulmonary infections commonly present in lung cancer patients are linked to clinical outcomes. Here we provide evidence that local microbiota provoke inflammation associated with lung adenocarcinoma by activating lung-resident γδT cells. Germ-free or antibiotic-treated mice were significantly protected from lung tumor initiation and progression induced by Kras mutation and p53 loss. Mechanistically, commensal bacteria stimulated Myd88-dependent IL-1β and IL-23 production from myeloid cells, inducing proliferation and activation of Vγ6+Vδ1+ γδ T cells that produced IL-17 and other effector molecules to promote inflammation and tumor cell proliferation. Our findings clearly link local microbiota-immune crosstalk to lung tumorigenesis, and thereby define key cellular and molecular mediators that may serve as effective targets in lung cancer treatment and prevention. Citation Format: Chengcheng Jin, Chen Zhao, Georgia Lagoudas, Arjun Bhutkar, Bo Hu, Tyler Jacks. Commensal microbiota promote lung tumorigenesis via γδ T cells [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Special Conference on Tumor Immunology and Immunotherapy; 2018 Nov 27-30; Miami Beach, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Immunol Res 2020;8(4 Suppl):Abstract nr A63.
Direct venous inoculation of Plasmodium falciparum sporozoites for controlled human malaria infection: a dose-finding trial in two centres (2015)

ClinicalTrials.gov NCT01624961 and NCT01771848 .
An efficient 3D beamformer implementation for real-time 4D ultrasound systems deploying planar array probes (2005)

The paper describes the components of a real-time 4D ultrasound system, including the transmission functionality, the efficient 3D beamforming implementation, and its mapping to a multi-computer platform. The 3D beamforming algorithm consists of a more efficient implementation with respect to the traditional approach and is based on the decomposition of the 3D beamforming process for a regular two-dimensional array into two steps of simpler 2D beamforming (Stergiopoulos, S. and Dhanantwari, A.C., 2002; Tawfik, A. et al., 1997; Dhanantwari et al., 2003; Stergiopoulos; 2000). The proposed decomposition of the 3D beamforming allows for the parallelization of the required processing. System results are presented, where the acquisitions have been performed on a standard ultrasound phantom, and the reconstructed volumes are shown. The present work is part of the European Commission project ADUMS (IST-2001-34088) aimed at developing a fully digital 4D ultrasound system for medical imaging applications.
The Base Engine for Solar Stirling Power (1984)

A new concept in Stirling engine technology is embodied in the base engine now being developed at Stirling Thermal Motors, Inc. This is a versatile energy conversion unit suitable for many different applications and heat sources. The base engine, rated 40 kW at 2800 RPM, is a four-cylinder, double-acting variable displacement Stirling engine with pressurized crankcase and rotating shaft seal. Remote-heating technology is incorporated with a stacked-heat-exchanger configuration and a liquid metal heat pipe connected to a distinctly separate combustor or other heat source. High efficiency over a wide range of operating conditions, long life, low manufacturing cost and low material cost are specifically emphasized. The base engine, its design philosophy and approach, its projected performance, and some of its more attractive applications are described.
A path generation method for collision risk reduction and quantitative evaluation of assembly task partner robot (2011)

We have been developing a novel human-friendly/cooperative work support robot. This system named PaDY (in-time Parts/tools Delivery to You robot) supports worker by delivering parts and tools to worker based on statistical analysis of the work in an automobile assembly line to reduce the worker's physical workload and improve work efficiency. In this paper, the collision avoidance method based on the statistical analysis of the work and the quantitative evaluation of the effectiveness in this system are proposed.
Initial Development of the Microcavity Discharge Thruster (2009)

In this retrospective investigation we carried out a thorough physical examination, ventilation/perfusion scintigraphy, echocardiography and lung function test in 19 of all 21 long-term survivors consecutively operated on for massive pulmonary embolism between 1968 and 1992. Two patients refused these investigations but were both asymptomatic. The mean follow-up was 8.4 years and 12 (57%) of the patients were in NYHA I and 6 (29%) in NYHA II. The three patients in NYHA III (there were none in class IV) underwent right heart catheterization and pulmonary angiography additionally. Our findings suggest that, generally, the results of scintigraphy, echocardiography, lung function tests and physical examination correspond to the subjective status expressed as NYHA (dyspnea) class, when evaluated in combination. However, in classes III and IV other causes of dyspnea apart from residual pulmonary vascular obstruction can be found. These may also occur in combination. We observed severe chronic obstructive lung disease, hemidiaphragmatic paralysis, obesity, pulmonary hypertension of unknown origin, atrial septal defect (ASD) and neurologic residual deficit with depressive state. Thus, in evaluating long-term results of pulmonary embolectomy with regard to vascular desobliteration, NYHA classification does not seem to be reliable for classes III and IV.
Arglabin-DMA, a plant derived sesquiterpene, inhibits farnesyltransferase. (2001)

Arglabin [1(R),10(S)-epoxy-5(S),5(S),7(S)-guaia-3(4),11(13)-dien-6, 12-olide], a sesquiterpene gamma-lactone is isolated from Artemisia glabella, a species of wormwood endemic to the Karaganda region of Kazakstan. The compound has been modified to render it water-soluble through addition of a dimethylaminohydrochloride group to the C(13) carbohydride moiety to yield Arglabin-DMA. Arglabin-DMA is a registered antitumor substance in the Republic of Kazakstan. Previously, we have shown that this compound prevents protein farnesylation without altering geranylgeranylation. We now report that Arglabin-DMA inhibits the incorporation of [(3)H]farnesylpyrophosphate into human H-ras protein by FTase with an IC(50) of no greater than 25 microM. Kinetic studies show that the phosphorylated form of this compound competitively inhibits the binding of farnesyl diphosphate to FTase. This mechanism of action is different from other reported peptidomimetic FTIs which lower the affinity of ras protein to FTase. Our in vitro studies confirm that Arglabin-DMA inhibits post-translational modification of ras protein in cells. Arglabin-DMA inhibits anchorage-dependent proliferation of NB cells (IC50=10 microg/ml) and inhibits anchorage-independent growth of NB and KNRK cells with about the same IC(50). Soft-agar colony formation assay of H-ras and K-ras transformed cells show IC(50)s to be 2 and 5 microg/ml, respectively. In primary cultures of human tumor cells, Arglabin-DMA inhibits cell proliferation of a variety of tumor types with IC(90)s in the range of 0.85 to 5.0 microg/ml. Because of these pharmacologic properties, we propose that Arglabin-DMA is suitable for the treatment of ras related malignancies.
The Preparation of Sulfur-Containing Phosphonoformate Derivatives (1999)

Abstract Thio derivatives of organophosphorus compounds have long been of interest to chemists, not least bccause these compounds can be useful in agriculture or medicine, as well as in synthesis.[1] The replacement in a phosphate, phosphonate or phosphinate molecule of one or more oxygen atoms by sulfur may lead to significant alteration in biological activity or related properties. One example is thiophosphonoformate (TPFA), a mono-sulfur analogue of the anti-viral agent phosphonoformic acid (PFA)[2]. As a class, the sulfur-containing phosphonoformate derivatives 1 have received relatively little attention in the literature, although particular examples (chiefly triesten) have been made and shown to possess a range of useful applications in synthetic chemistry [2]. Simple semi-empirical calculations of δH, for a sampling of 1 (Rn = Me) predict an overall trend of decreasing stability as S replaces O, particularly when ΣS ≥ 3. Thus focused on the less thionated 1 trimethyl esters, we have compared synthesis of three (of four possible) mono-S structural isomers (X3, X4, or X5, = S); three (of seven possible) di-S isomers (X3.4, X3.5, or X4.5 = S); and one (seven possible) tri-S isomer (X3,4,5 = S). Also prepared were several mono-S (X2, X4, or X5 = S), di-S (X2.4, X2.5, or X4.5 = S) and tri-S (X2,4,5 = S) P,C-dimethyl esters of 1 (R2.3 = Me. R1, = Na). It should be noted that Nal monodealkylation of trimethyl esters of 1 where X3, = S invariably proceeded with an (RO)P=S → (RS)P=O rearrangement. All compounds were characterized by NMR (1H, 13C and 31P) and by HRMS or combustion analysis.
Preparation of Zr-Al-Mo-Cu Single Targets with Glass Forming Ability and Deposition of Thin Film Metallic Glass (2020)

Generally, thin-film metal glass (TFMG) is deposited using two or more elemental targets. Thus, achievement of a homogeneous coating during mass production is difficult. As a new method of TFMG deposition, a single target with high glass-forming ability (GFA) has been used to improve the sputtering process, facilitating easy processing and broad application of sputtering targets. In this study, three kinds of targets (i.e., cast, amorphous, and crystalline targets) are prepared via casting and powder processes. The thermal and mechanical properties of the three targets prepared using the various methods are investigated, and the crystalline target is found to be the most thermodynamically and mechanically stable of the three alternatives. In addition, for TFMG deposited using the microcrystalline target, excellent compositional uniformity between the target and coating is achieved. Therefore, this study experimentally demonstrates that a fine crystalline target is most suitable for use as a multi-component single target in GFA manufacturing methods. These findings are expected to facilitate commercial use of TFMGs.
Arginine methylation of EGFR: a new biomarker for predicting resistance to anti-EGFR treatment. (2017)

Arginine methylation of the epidermal growth factor receptor (meEGFR) increases the binding affinity of EGFR ligands and is reported to have a role in predicting response to anti-EGFR agents. This study investigated the predictive impact of meEGFR in metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC) patients treated with anti-EGFR agents. Two patient cohorts were evaluated. Cohort 1 consisted of mCRC patients with documented disease progression following anti-EGFR treatment. Circulating tumor cells (CTCs) were isolated and distinguished based on CD45<sup>-</sup> and Epcam<sup>+</sup>. Cohort 2 consisted of formalin fixed paraffin-embedded (FFPE) blocks from a prospective cohort. meEGFR in both cohorts was identified by positive staining for me-R198/200 EGFR signal. CTCs were identified in 30 out of 47 cases in cohort 1. Of those 30, meEGFR-CTCs were identified in 19 cases. Mean total meEGFR-CTCs counts was 2.3 (range 0-30) cells per 7.5 ml. There was no association between meEGFR-CTCs and clinic-pathological-molecular features. In <i>RAS</i><sup>wt</sup>/<i>BRAF</i><sup>wt</sup> patients with high levels of meEGFR-CTCs ratio (≥ 0.23) had significantly inferior PFS with anti-EGFR treatment (HR = 3.4, 95% CI 1.5-7.9, P = 0.004). By contrast, high levels of meEGFR in the untreated tumor tissues had no correlation with anti-EGFR treatment duration in cohort 2. Therefore, meEGFR-CTCs may have the potential to serve as a "liquid biopsy" biomarker to predict anti-EGFR treatment efficacy.
High-Repetition-Rate, widely tunable, injection-seeded terahertz-wave parametric generator (2017)

We have developed a record high-repetition-rate terahertz-wave parametric generator using MgO:LiNbO <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3</sub> . The generator is pumped using a post-amplified, sub-nanosecond, and passively Q-switched SESAM microchip laser running with a 100 kHz repetition frequency. A double-pass dual-end-pumped Nd:YVO <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">4</sub> amplifier was developed and the microchip laser output was efficiently amplified between 5 mW-4.4 W. This high-repetition-rate amplified pump source allows high-intensity pumping without damage to the nonlinear crystal. Consequently, we have succeeded in generating monochromatic terahertz waves with a repetition-rate a thousand times higher than that of a conventional terahertz-wave parametric generator. The average power and the pulse width of the terahertz waves were ~10 μW and 73 ps, respectively. The tunable frequency was confirmed to be in the range 1.0-2.8 THz.