gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Development of a serum-based immunoassay for prostate cancer detection. (2006)

5290 Prostate cancer (PC) screening is currently based on evaluation of prostate specific antigen (PSA), however there is insufficient evidence to recommend that average-risk men undergo regular screening. PSA is more prostate specific than cancer specific, and elevated PSA can also be found in benign conditions of the prostate. Our aim is to develop improved non-invasive serum-based immunodiagnostic assays for PC detection and disease management. To this end, we have focused our efforts on: i) developing more sensitive and specific biomarkers for PC screening, and ii) developing biomarkers that allow discrimination between malignant and benign conditions of the prostate, including benign prostate hyperplasia (BPH). We have applied our proprietary technologies to discover and validate a panel of biomarkers using a multiplex screening platform known as Matrix Protein Array Technology (MPAT). The MPAT involves the screening of clinical samples with a large collection of 70,000 distinct polyclonal antibodies. Total proteome from normal, cancer, and benign serum samples was printed on a solid support, and reacted with individual antibodies. Antibody-sample reaction was detected by chemiluminescence, and computer analysis of a CCD-acquired image was applied to quantify each spot. Statistical analysis of the data points thus generated enabled the selection of a panel of biomarkers that are differentially expressed in early and advanced stage of PC versus normal controls, or in BPH versus PC samples and normal controls. Biomarkers were validated on a large number of samples, including 242 serum specimens comprising 73 T1/T2 (early stage PC), 69 T3/T4 (advanced stage PC), 50 BPH, and 50 normal controls, and sensitivity and specificity were determined from receiver operating curves (ROC) using statistical package GB-STAT (Dynamic microsystem). We found BPH specific biomarkers that were significantly elevated in BPH versus cancer and normal samples, and biomarkers that significantly discriminate cancer (early and late stage respectively) versus normal and benign. Sensitivity is ranging from 70-80% at 80% specificity. Biomarkers are being combined to optimize sensitivity. We are fully characterizing these biomarkers, and producing a large supply of monospecific antibodies to develop a serum-based immunodiagnostic assay for detection of BPH, early and advanced PC. These biomarkers may have application in early detection, and disease management of PC. A BPH specific diagnostic test would improve accurate PC detection, and reduce unnecessary biopsies.
Screen Space Ambient Occlusion (2008)

The male rat anterior pituitary responds highly reproducibly to specific hormonal stimuli in terms of the extent and timing of mitotic and apoptotic (trophic) activity. The principal objective of the present study was to define the contribution of hormonally identifiable cells to the trophic responses to bilateral gonadectomy and bilateral adrenalectomy. The patterns of pituitary mitotic responses to adrenalectomy and gonadectomy are similar in amplitude and duration. When adrenalectomy and gonadectomy are combined, the amplitude of the pituitary mitotic response is unchanged. That is, the trophic stimuli are not additive. Dexamethasone-induced apoptosis in nascent cells is amplified not only by recent adrenalectomy, but also, and to an almost identical extent, by gonadectomy. Combining adrenalectomy and gonadectomy does not further enhance the size of the apoptotically-responsive cell population. Dual bromodeoxyuridine and adrenocorticotrophic hormone (ACTH) or luteinising hormone (LH) immunolabelling showed that more than 95% of all dividing cells are not and do not become positive for either of these hormones during the period of peak mitotic response. Following adrenalectomy, most newly-formed ACTH cells are derived from differentiation of pre-existing hormonally undifferentiated cells. Despite an overall increase in mitotic activity, there is no measurable increase in the number of LH immunopositive cells after gonadectomy. The nonadditive pituitary mitotic and apoptotic responses to adrenalectomy and gonadectomy strongly suggest that the same progenitor cell population responds mitotically to both. This weakens the prevailing view that hormonally identifiable cells with specific trophic profiles contribute significantly to pituitary cell subpopulation revision.
CMOS resistive fuses for image smoothing and segmentation (1992)

A two-terminal nonlinear element called a resistive fuse is described. Its application in image smoothing and segmentation is explained. Two types of CMOS resistive fuses were designed, fabricated, and tested. The first implementation employs four depletion-mode NMOS and PMOS transistors, occupying a minimum area of 30 mu m*38 mu m. The second implementation uses seven or 11 standard enhancement-mode transistors on an area of 75 mu m*100 mu m or less. Individual resistive-fuse circuits have been fabricated and tested and their functionality has been demonstrated. A one-dimensional network of 35 resistive fuses using the 11-transistor implementation was also fabricated in a standard CMOS process. Experimental results indicate that the network is capable of smoothing out small variations in image intensity while preserving the edges of objects.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Proteomic and IHC measurements of cellular sensitivity to EGF receptor kinase inhibitors (2006)

B66 Aim:The molecular determinants which confer cell sensitivity in wild type (wt) EGFR tumors are multifactorial and complex. Proteomic and IHC assays for key protein markers indicative of sensitive or insensitive to EGFR inhibitors were used to characterize tumor lines, xenografts and tissue samples.Methods and Results: Proteins altered in abundance in NSCLC lines sensitive or insensitive to EGFR inhibitors were identified and quantitated from cellular and phosphotyrosine affinity fractions using LC-MS/MS and stable isotope peptide tag approaches. These data indicated that wild-type EGFR containing human NSCLC lines grown both in culture and as xenografts show a range of sensitivities to EGFR inhibition dependent on the degree to which they have undergone an epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT). NSCLC lines which expressed the epithelial cell junction protein E-cadherin showed greater sensitivity to EGFR inhibition in vitro and in xenografts. In contrast, NSCLC lines expressing the mesenchymal markers vimentin and/or fibronectin, were insensitive to the growth inhibitory effects of EGF receptor kinase inhibition in vitro and in xenografts.New Findings: Both fluorescence and chromagenic antibody IHC assays were developed for evaluation of EMT-like transitions in human NSCLC, CRC and pancreas tumors. Qualitative and/or quantitative measurement of EMT markers in human tumor IHC specimens was correlated with tumor stage in NSCLC, CRC and pancreas cancer tissue microarrays. Additional protein markers indicative of EGFR inhibitor sensitivity from LC-MS/MS experiments included α-catenin, β-catenin, Zeb1/ΔEF1, cytokeratins and profilin, which could be verified by immunoblot, confocal and/or IHC analysis. Cross comparison with DNA microarray datasets served to further validate key genes and proteins which correlate an EMT-like transition with erlotinib sensitivity. Unexpected EGFR-independent pathways by which tumor cells with a mesenchymal phenotype activate Akt were identified.Conclusion: These data suggest new targeted drug combinations for treatment of advanced carcinomas containing mixed populations of epithelial and mesenchymal-like tumor cells.
A UML-Based Domain Specific Modeling Language for the Availability Management Framework (2010)

The Service Availability Forum (SA Forum) is a consortium of several telecommunications and computing companies that defines standard solutions for high availability platforms. One of the most important SA Forum services is the Availability Management Framework (AMF) which is responsible for managing the availability of an application running under its control. To achieve this, AMF requires a complete configuration, which consists of several entities organized according to AMF rules and constraints. In this paper, we argue that AMF concepts form a domain for which a domain-specific modeling language can greatly facilitate the generation, analysis and the management of AMF configurations. We define such a language by extending UML through its profiling mechanism and we implement it. More important, we discuss the challenges and the lessons learned in the course of this project.
Atom Probe Tomography: An Imaging Tool at the Atomic Scale using Ultrafast laser pulses (2013)

Due to the continuous miniaturisation of microelectronic devices, the development of new analysis techniques is an important challenge. In the active parts of most recent MOS nano-transistors, the electrical properties are controlled by only a few tens of dopant atoms. Thus, as stressed by the International Technology Roadmap for Semiconductors, it is essential to develop new methods for quantitative 3D dopant distribution measurement at the nanometer scale and with a high sensitivity. Among the wide panel of techniques used today in the investigation of semiconductor devices, there is still a lack in the capability of imaging a nano device in the three dimensions on a nearly atomic scale. The 3D atom probe, has been successfully used in the investigation of metallic materials for almost twenty years. However, this technique has long been limited to materials with a good electrical conductivity. The emergence of the laser assisted 3D atom probe in 2005 has extended the field application of the instrument to poorly conductive materials such as semiconductors or oxides. Over the last couple of years, many examples of useful and successful applications on real nano-electronics devices have been reported demonstrating the potentialities of this new tool.
Characterization of a Defined 2,3,5,6-Tetrachlorobiphenyl- <i>ortho</i> -Dechlorinating Microbial Community by Comparative Sequence Analysis of Genes Coding for 16S rRNA (1998)

Defined microbial communities were developed by combining selective enrichment with molecular monitoring of total community genes coding for 16S rRNAs (16S rDNAs) to identify potential polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB)-dechlorinating anaerobes that ortho dechlorinate 2,3, 5,6-tetrachlorobiphenyl. In enrichment cultures that contained a defined estuarine medium, three fatty acids, and sterile sediment, a Clostridium sp. was predominant in the absence of added PCB, but undescribed species in the delta subgroup of the class Proteobacteria, the low-G+C gram-positive subgroup, the Thermotogales subgroup, and a single species with sequence similarity to the deeply branching species Dehalococcoides ethenogenes were more predominant during active dechlorination of the PCB. Species with high sequence similarities to Methanomicrobiales and Methanosarcinales archaeal subgroups were predominant in both dechlorinating and nondechlorinating enrichment cultures. Deletion of sediment from PCB-dechlorinating enrichment cultures reduced the rate of dechlorination and the diversity of the community. Substitution of sodium acetate for the mixture of three fatty acids increased the rate of dechlorination, further reduced the community diversity, and caused a shift in the predominant species that included restriction fragment length polymorphism patterns not previously detected. Although PCB-dechlorinating cultures were methanogenic, inhibition of methanogenesis and elimination of the archaeal community by addition of bromoethanesulfonic acid only slightly inhibited dechlorination, indicating that the archaea were not required for ortho dechlorination of the congener. Deletion of Clostridium spp. from the community profile by addition of vancomycin only slightly reduced dechlorination. However, addition of sodium molybdate, an inhibitor of sulfate reduction, inhibited dechlorination and deleted selected species from the community profiles of the class Bacteria. With the exception of one 16S rDNA sequence that had the highest sequence similarity to the obligate perchloroethylene-dechlorinating Dehalococcoides, the 16S rDNA sequences associated with PCB ortho dechlorination had high sequence similarities to the delta, low-G+C gram-positive, and Thermotogales subgroups, which all include sulfur-, sulfate-, and/or iron(III)-respiring bacterial species.
Superconducting Properties Depending on the Processing Parameters of Nb&lt;tex&gt;$_3$&lt;/tex&gt;Al Wires by the Clad- Chip Extrusion Method and the Rapid-Heating, Quenching and Transformation Treatment (2004)

Superconducting properties depending on the processing parameters of Nb/sub 3/Al wire fabrication are presented. The adopted process consists of the clad-chip extrusion (CCE) method and the rapid-heating, quenching, and transformation (RHQT) treatment. The former (CCE) is a fabrication method for Nb/Al composite wire. It is characterized by the extrusion of thin chips of Nb/Al clad-rolled sheet. The latter (RHQT) is a heat-treatment method to transform the CCE-processed Nb/Al composite wire into the Nb/sub 3/Al intermetallic compound. The focused processing parameters are the chemical composition and the thickness of Nb/Al layers in the composite, and the cold working of the bcc supersaturated solid solution Nb(Al)/sub ss/ wire after the rapid-heating and quenching treatment. The results are as follows. A nearly stoichiometric composition of the CCE-processed precursor wire is optimum for enhancing the critical transition temperature T/sub c/ and the critical current density J/sub c/ of the Nb/sub 3/Al wire after the RHQT treatment. The thinner the Nb/Al layers in the CCE-processed wire, the higher the J/sub c/ and T/sub c/ of the RHQT-treated Nb/sub 3/Al wire. The as-quenched Nb(Al)/sub ss/ wire can be drawn to nearly 50% reduction at room temperature. Such cold working of the Nb(Al)/sub ss/ wire before transformation is an effective operation to improve J/sub c/-B property of the transformed Nb/sub 3/Al wire by the following treatment.
<title>Mass-produced color graphic arts holograms</title> (1999)

We have been developing various types of holograms. In this paper mass-produced color graphic arts holograms are discussed. The TRUE IMAGE<SUP>TM</SUP> hologram, as it is known in Japan, is a volume-type hologram which diffracts selected wavelengths of the ambient light to selected desired angles. When replicating the TRUE IMAGE<SUP>TM</SUP>, three lasers are used simultaneously or independently. There are four beneficial characteristics of the TRUE IMAGE<SUP>TM</SUP> hologram; (1) Repeatable mass product techniques and few defects: a direct lamination method has been developed. (2) Looking bright and clear under fluorescent light: specially designed masters and replication conditions allows TRUE IMAGE<SUP>TM</SUP> holograms to be seen under fluorescent light. (3) Stable chromaticities: expressing full color by developing objects, paints, mastering process and replication process. (4) Good environmental stability: use of effective adhesive films. In this paper, the first characteristic is mainly discussed.
Subtraction of images with incoherent illumination in real time (1977)

Get PDF Email Share Share with Facebook Tweet This Post on reddit Share with LinkedIn Add to CiteULike Add to Mendeley Add to BibSonomy Get Citation Copy Citation Text E. Marom and J. Grinberg, "Subtraction of images with incoherent illumination in real time," Appl. Opt. 16, 3086-3087 (1977) Export Citation BibTex Endnote (RIS) HTML Plain Text Citation alert Save article
COMPUTERIZED ELECTRO-OCULOGRAPHY (CEOG). (1979)

A new system has been designed to deliver a comprehensive analysis of the visual sensory system and oculomotor responses to different types of visual and vestibular stimulation. The instrument, called a Computerized Electro-Oculograph (CEOG), is an integrated computer-controlled system which performs a series of important diagnostic tests. It can generate and control the stimulus, as well as record patient responses, testing both the visual and oculomotor systems, and also provide a regular pattern applicable to both clinical and research purposes. Visual evoked response and eye movement data is processed by computer for quantitative analysis and “strip chart” data is then displayed on a scrolling T.V. screen. Hard copy of the output is also available. The system can analyze visual evoked responses to both stroboscopic flashing lights and intermittent patterned stimulation. Other programs study the main features of the wave form and details of speed, frequency, and latency, as well as the symmetry of spontaneous, visual, and vestibular evoked eye movements. A major advantage of the system is its rapid, automatic, and quantitative operation with no risk to the current status of the visual and oculomotor pathways as it performs EOG (electro-oculograph), VER (visual evoked response), ERG (electronetinograph), and caloric tests. The complete system is pictured in Figure 1.
Mass spectrometric identification and differentiation of botulinum neurotoxins through toxin proteomics (2013)

Botulinum neurotoxins (BoNTs) cause the disease botulism, which can be lethal if untreated. There are seven known serotypes of BoNT, A-G, defined by their response to antisera. Many serotypes are distinguished into differing subtypes based on amino acid sequence and immunogenic properties, and some subtypes are further differentiated into toxin variants. Toxin characterization is important as different types of BoNT can respond differently to medical countermeasures for botulism, and characterization of the toxin can aid in epidemiologic and forensic investigations. Proteomic techniques have been established to determine the serotype, subtype, or toxin variant of BoNT. These techniques involve digestion of the toxin into peptides, tandem mass spectrometric (MS/MS) analysis of the peptides, and database searching to identify the BoNT protein. These techniques demonstrate the capability to detect BoNT and its neurotoxin-associated proteins, and differentiate the toxin from other toxins which are up to 99.9% identical in some cases. This differentiation can be accomplished from toxins present in a complex matrix such as stool, food, or bacterial cultures and no DNA is required.
Single-Dielectric Barrier Discharge Plasma Enhanced Aerodynamics: Concepts, Optimization, and Applications (2008)

This paper deals with the physics and design of single dielectric barrier discharge plasma actuators for enhanced aerodynamics in a variety of applications. The actuators consist of two electrodes: one exposed to the air and the other covered by a dielectric material. The electrodes are supplied with an alternating current voltage that, at high enough levels, causes the air over the covered electrode to ionize. The ionized air, in the presence of the electric field produced by the electrode geometry, results in a body force vector that acts on the ambient air. The body force is the mechanism for active aerodynamic control. The plasma generation is a dynamic process within the alternating current cycle. The body force per unit volume of plasma has been derived from first principles and implemented in numerical flow simulations. Models for the time and space dependence of the body force on the input voltage amplitude, frequency, electrode geometry, and dielectric properties have been developed and used along with experiments to optimize actuator performance. This paper presents results that highlight the plasma actuator characteristics and modeling approach. This is followed by overviews of some of the applications that include leading-edge separation control on airfoils, dynamic-stall vortex control on oscillating airfoils, and trailing-edge separation control on simulated turbine blades.
Avoiding game over (2012)

Technology scaling has created a catch-22: technology now can do almost anything we want, but the NRE design costs are so high, that almost no one can afford to use it. Our current situation is reminiscent of the 1980's, when only a few companies could afford to produce custom silicon. Synthesis and placement and routing tools changed this, by providing modular tools with well defined interfaces that codified designer knowledge about the physical design of chips. Now we need a new set of tools that can codify designer knowledge about how to construct software, hardware, and validation to again enable application designers to produce chips. Researchers are developing methodologies that allow users to create hardware constructors, or generators. These include Genesis2, which extends SystemVerilog and enables the designer to encode hierarchical system construction procedurally. To demonstrate some of the capabilities that these languages and tools provide, we describe FPGen, a complete floating point generator written in Genesis2, that also generates the needed validation collateral and hints for the backend processes.
Infrared Detection by Si‐Ti‐C‐O Fibers (1990)

Electrical resistivity at 20° to 90°C and infrared (IR) responses (thermal time constant and responsivity of electrical resistance changes) were measured on Si‐Ti‐C‐O fibers. The fibers showed negative temperature coefficient resistance‐temperature characteristics, and the thermistor constant B was 890 to 4760 K. A fast and steady output (resistance change) was observed in response to IR radiation from a 600 K blackbody furnace. The IR response was affected markedly by detector structure; the thermal time constant decreased with decreasing length of the fibers, and the responsivity increased with decreasing number of the fibers. In an IR detector with a separate arrangement of a few ( n =10) fibers with a short length (1 mm) and a low resistivity (80 Ω·cm), a thermal time constant of 3.5 ms and a responsivity of 63 V/W were obtained. A fast and steady IR response of Si‐Ti‐C‐O fibers suggests the possibility of detecting both stationary and moving IR sources.
Development of a Wireless Monitoring System for Microwave-Based Comprehensive Vital Sign Measurement (2015)

A wireless microwave-based antenna monitoring system has been developed for measurement of comprehensive vital signs. The system employs a unique electromagnetic energy coupling sensor/antenna and is also equipped with a mobile app to display the processed values in real time, which facilitates use by mobile users. New RF components have been used, which has eliminated the need for a costly and bulky network analyzer. The developed system is more suitable for clinical use and monitoring of remote patients. Accuracy of the developed wireless system has been validated by comparing results to traditional network analyzer measurements as well as an FDA approved vital sign monitoring device where excellent agreement was observed. Specifically, an average difference of 0.7% in the measured phase and 1.4% in the magnitude of the reflection/transmission coefficients, 4.8% in measured heart rates, and 8.1% in measured respiration rates were observed.