gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
CD11b+/Gr-1+ Immature Myeloid Cells Mediate Suppression of T Cells in Mice Bearing Tumors of IL-1β-Secreting Cells (2005)

Tumor cells secreting IL-1beta are invasive and metastatic, more than the parental line or control mock-transfected cells, and concomitantly induce in mice general immune suppression of T cell responses. Suppression strongly correlates with accumulation in the peripheral blood and spleen of CD11b+/Gr-1+ immature myeloid cells and hematological alterations, such as splenomegaly, leukocytosis, and anemia. Resection of large tumors of IL-1beta-secreting cells restored immune reactivity and hematological alterations within 7-10 days. Treatment of tumor-bearing mice with the physiological inhibitor of IL-1, the IL-1R antagonist, reduced tumor growth and attenuated the hematological alterations. Depletion of CD11b+/Gr-1+ immature myeloid cells from splenocytes of tumor-bearing mice abrogated suppression. Despite tumor-mediated suppression, resection of large tumors of IL-1beta-secreting cells, followed by a challenge with the wild-type parental cells, induced resistance in mice; protection was not observed in mice bearing tumors of mock-transfected fibrosarcoma cells. Altogether, we show in this study that tumor-derived IL-1beta, in addition to its proinflammatory effects on tumor invasiveness, induces in the host hematological alterations and tumor-mediated suppression. Furthermore, the antitumor effectiveness of the IL-1R antagonist was also shown to encompass restoration of hematological alterations, in addition to its favorable effects on tumor invasiveness and angiogenesis that have previously been described by us.
Analysis of multibeam echo-sounder signals from the deep seafloor (2002)

The new generation low-frequency echo-sounders, covering the full angular range, are also able to record acoustic images comparable to side-scan sonars. Possibilities of using these systems for sea-floor type identification are currently being investigated. Experimental echoes obtained with a 13 kHz multibeam echo-sounder have been collected and processed for a variety of sea-floor types and water depths. The results of two different analysis methods are presented. The backscattering strength of the sea-floor and its angular variations are known to be strongly dependent on the seabed type. They may be obtained as a function of incident angle from the measured levels averaged in narrow tilted beams, after correcting for the insonified area, the refraction by the sound-speed profile and the sea-floor local slopes. The results of this method make clear large differences between the various investigated seabed classes. The spectral features of backscattered time signals have previously been shown to be a useful tool for identification by side-scan sonars. The authors present the first results obtained by this method for deep sea-floor multibeam echoes: notable discrepancies between the spectral parameters corresponding to various seabeds are shown, enhancing the possibility of using such a technique for low-frequency echo-sounders.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
A unified statistical rain‐attenuation model for communication link fade predictions and optimal stochastic fade control design using a location‐dependent rain‐statistics database (1990)

Abstract The simultaneous demand for increased capacity of communication satellite channels and the demand for such systems to be designed and operate within increasingly stringent economic constraints places severe requirements on the ability to predict, achieve and maintain the reliable operation of these satellite links throughout the United States. The operating frequencies of satellite links are such that the occurrence of rain anywhere along the link will induce attenuation of the signal and is the major source of link reliability degradation. A unified model is presented that describes the relevant static and dynamic statistics of attenuation on an arbitrarily specified satellite link for any location for which there is a long‐term data record of rainfall statistics. In addition to providing accurate, location‐dependent statistical predictions of the reliability of satellite links, the generality of the model also establishes a basis for the design of optimal stochastic control algorithms used to mitigate the deleterious effects of attenuation and thus maintain link reliability. The rain statistics that are required to characterize the location of interest are derived from extreme value statistics theory. A rain‐statistics database has been compiled that allows one to apply the model anywhere in the continental United States with the resolution of 0.5° in latitude and longitude. Comparison of the model predictions is made with available experimental observations and agreement is found to be quite good.
Epidemic of Gastrointestinal Tract Infection Including Hemorrhagic Colitis Attributable to Shiga Toxin 1-producing<i>Escherichia coli</i> O118:H2 at a Junior High School in Japan (1999)

This outbreak of E coli O118:H2 demonstrated the clinical and epidemiologic features of infection by E coli that produces Stx 1 alone. Infections with such organisms are being recognized increasingly, and the pattern of disease observed may differ from the pattern observed with E coli O157:H7.
Encapsulation and Release Behavior from Lipid Nanoparticles: Model Study with Nile Red Fluorophore (2012)

International audience
Posttranslational processing and identification of a neutralization domain of the GP4 protein encoded by ORF4 of Lelystad virus (1997)

GP4 is a minor structural glycoprotein encoded by ORF4 of Lelystad virus (LV). When it was immunoprecipitated from cell lysates and extracellular virus of CL2621 cells infected with LV, it was shown to have an apparent molecular mass of approximately 28 and 31 kDa, respectively. This difference in size occurred because its core N-glycans were modified to complex type N-glycans during the transport of the protein through the endoplasmic reticulum and Golgi compartment. A panel of 15 neutralizing monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) reacted with the native GP4 protein expressed by LV and the recombinant GP4 protein expressed in a Semliki Forest virus expression system. However, these MAbs did not react with the GP4 protein of U.S. isolate VR2332. To map the binding site of the MAbs, chimeric constructs composed of ORF4 of LV and VR2332 were generated. The reactivity of these constructs indicated that all the MAbs were directed against a region spanning amino acids 40 to 79 of the GP4 protein of LV. Six MAbs reacted with solid-phase synthetic dodecapeptides. The core of this site consists of amino acids 59 to 67 (SAAQEKISF). Comparison of the amino acid sequences of GP4 proteins from various European and North American isolates indicated that the neutralization domain spanning amino acids 40 to 79 is the most variable region of GP4. The neutralization domain of GP4, described here, is the first identified for LV.
Marked Effect of β-Lactoglobulin Polymorphism on the Ratio of Casein to Total Protein in Milk (1997)

The relationship between genetic variants for milk protein and the composition of milk was analyzed on 4475 repeated milk samples from individual cows; 371 dairy cows of the Swedish Red and White breed and 204 cows of the Swedish Holstein breed were used. The registrations included percentages of casein, protein, fat, and lactose in combination with milk yield and SCC. The genotype of individual cows for alpha(s1)-CN, beta-CN, kappa-CN, and beta-LG was determined by alkaline and acidic PAGE. A mixed animal model was used for the analysis; beta-LG and aggregate casein genotypes were included simultaneously as separate fixed effects in the statistical model. The results suggest a positive additive effect of the beta-LG B allele on casein content and on the ratio of casein to total protein. For the latter trait, the beta-LG genotype accounted for a relatively large part of the phenotypic variance, corresponding to a reduction in residual variance of 11% when included in the model. The corresponding value for casein content was 0.5%. The lack of unfavorable associations between milk protein variants and the traits included in this study makes the beta-LG gene an obvious candidate when the breeding objective is improved conversion of milk protein into cheese.
Polybasic Trafficking Signal Mediates Golgi Export, ER Retention or ER Export and Retrieval Based on Membrane-Proximity (2014)

Trafficking of integral membrane proteins between the ER and Golgi complex, and protein sorting and trafficking between the TGN and endosomal/lysosomal compartments or plasma membranes, are dependent on cis-acting, linear amino acid sorting signals. Numerous sorting signals of this type have been identified in the cytoplasmic domains of membrane proteins, several of which rely on basic residues. A novel Golgi export signal that relies on a membrane-proximal polybasic motif (PBM) was recently identified in the reptilian reovirus p14 protein, a representative of an unusual group of bitopic fusion-associated small transmembrane (FAST) proteins encoded by fusogenic orthoreoviruses and responsible for cell-cell fusion and syncytium formation. Using immunofluorescence microscopy, cell surface immunofluorescence, and endoglycosidase H assays, we now show the p14 PBM can mediate several distinct trafficking functions depending on its proximity to the transmembrane domain (TMD). When present within 4-residues of the TMD it serves as a Golgi export signal, but when located at the C-terminus of the 68-residue p14 cytoplasmic endodomain it functions as an ER retention signal. The PBM has no effect on protein trafficking when located at an internal position in the cytoplasmic domain. When present in both membrane-proximal and -distal locations, the PBMs promote export to, and efficient retrieval from, the Golgi complex. Interestingly, the conflicting trafficking signals provided by two PBMs induces extensive ER tubulation and segregation of ER components. These studies highlight how a single trafficking signal in a simple transmembrane protein can have remarkably diverse, position-dependent effects on protein trafficking and ER morphogenesis.
A programmable continuous-time floating-gate Fourier processor (2001)

We present a programmable continuous-time floating-gate Fourier processor that decomposes the incoming signal into frequency bands by analog bandpass filters, multiplies each channel by a nonvolatile weight, and then recombines the frequency channels. A digital signal processor would take a similar approach of computing a fast Fourier transform (FFT), multiplying the frequency components by a weight and then computing an inverse PFT. We decompose the frequency bands of the incoming signal using the transistor-only version of the autozeroing floating-gate amplifier (AFGA), also termed the capacitively coupled current conveyer (C/sup 4/). Each band decomposition is then fed through a floating-gate multiplier to perform the band weighting. Finally, the multiplier outputs are summed using Kirchoff current law to give a band-weighted output of the original signal. We examine many options to reduce second-order harmonic problems inherent in the single-sided C/sup 4/. We present a method for programming arrays of floating-gate devices that are used in the weighting of the bands. All of these pieces fit together to form an elegant and systematic Fourier processor.
Observation of 4.2-K equilibrium-noise squeezing via a Josephson-parametric amplifier (1988)

We have demonstrated 42% squeezing of 4.2-K thermal noise using a Josephson-parametric amplifier operated at 19.4 GHz. The amplifier has been operated at 0.1 K with an excess noise of 0.28 K referred to the input port. This is less than the vacuum fluctuation noise h\ensuremath{\nu}/2k=0.47 K at 19.4 GHz. The amplifier thus is less noise than a linear phase-insensitive amplifier such as a maser could in principle be.
Steam Jet Condensation in a Pool: From Fundamental Understanding to Engineering Scale Analysis (2012)

The phenomena of direct contact condensation (DCC) of a steam jet submerged in a water pool occur because of the actuation of steam discharging devices in many industrial processes. There are practically two kinds of technical concerns to consider. The first is the thermal mixing in the water pool, and the other is the thermo-hydraulically induced mechanical loads acting on the structures of relevant systems. The two concerns are inter-related and can be well described only if the local behavior of the condensing steam jets and the resultant turbulent jet in a pool are well understood. In this paper, the DCC-related thermofluid dynamic features are discussed focusing on these two concerns. The fundamental characteristics of condensing steam jets are discussed, including the local behavior of condensing jets and the resultant turbulent jet, both of which importantly affect the macroscopic circulation in a pool. Then, a global analysis of thermal mixing in a pool from the viewpoints of the local hot spot and the thermal stratification are discussed with practical application to engineering design in mind.
Extraction techniques for bioactive compounds of cannabis (2023)

Historically, cannabis has always constituted a component of the civilized world; archaeological discoveries indicate that it is one of the oldest crops, while, up until the 19th century, cannabis fibers were extensively used in a variety of applications, and its seeds comprised a part of human and livestock nutrition. Additional evidence supports its exploitation for medicinal purposes in the ancient world. The cultivation of cannabis gradually declined as hemp fibers gave way to synthetic fibers, while the intoxicating ability of THC eventually overshadowed the extensive potential of cannabis. Nevertheless, the proven value of certain non-intoxicating cannabinoids, such as CBD and CBN, has recently given rise to an entire market which promotes cannabis-based products. An increase in the research for recovery and exploitation of beneficial cannabinoids has also been observed, with more than 10 000 peer-reviewed research articles published annually. In the present review, a brief overview of the history of cannabis is given. A look into the classification approaches of cannabis plants/species as well as the associated nomenclature is provided, followed by a description of their chemical characteristics and their medically valuable components. The application areas could not be absent from the present review. Still, the main focus of the review is the discussion of work conducted in the field of extraction of valuable bioactive compounds from cannabis. We conclude with a summary of the current status and outlook on the topics that future research should address.
BlazePose: On-device Real-time Body Pose tracking (2020)

We present BlazePose, a lightweight convolutional neural network architecture for human pose estimation that is tailored for real-time inference on mobile devices. During inference, the network produces 33 body keypoints for a single person and runs at over 30 frames per second on a Pixel 2 phone. This makes it particularly suited to real-time use cases like fitness tracking and sign language recognition. Our main contributions include a novel body pose tracking solution and a lightweight body pose estimation neural network that uses both heatmaps and regression to keypoint coordinates.
TASK1 modulates inflammation and neurodegeneration in autoimmune inflammation of the central nervous system (2009)

We provide evidence that TWIK-related acid-sensitive potassium channel 1 (TASK1), a member of the family of two-pore domain potassium channels relevant for setting the resting membrane potential and balancing neuronal excitability that is expressed on T cells and neurons, is a key modulator of T cell immunity and neurodegeneration in autoimmune central nervous system inflammation. After induction of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis, an experimental model mimicking multiple sclerosis, TASK1(-/-) mice showed a significantly reduced clinical severity and markedly reduced axonal degeneration compared with wild-type controls. T cells from TASK1(-/-) mice displayed impaired T cell proliferation and cytokine production, while the immune repertoire is otherwise normal. In addition to these effects on systemic T cell responses, TASK1 exhibits an independent neuroprotective effect which was demonstrated using both a model of acutely prepared brain slices cocultured with activated T cells as well as in vitro cultivation experiments with isolated optic nerves. Anandamide, an endogenous cannabinoid and inhibitor of TASK channels, reduced outward currents and inhibited effector functions of T cells (IFN-gamma production and proliferation); an effect completely abrogated in TASK1(-/-) mice. Accordingly, preventive blockade of TASK1 significantly ameliorated experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis after immunization. Therapeutic application of anandamide significantly reduced disease severity and was capable of lowering progressive loss of brain parenchymal volume as assessed by magnetic resonance imaging. These data support the identification and characterization of TASK1 as potential molecular target for the therapy of inflammatory and degenerative central nervous system disorders.
CoMeta: Classification of Metagenomes Using k-mers (2015)

Nowadays, the study of environmental samples has been developing rapidly. Characterization of the environment composition broadens the knowledge about the relationship between species composition and environmental conditions. An important element of extracting the knowledge of the sample composition is to compare the extracted fragments of DNA with sequences derived from known organisms. In the presented paper, we introduce an algorithm called CoMeta (Classification of metagenomes), which assigns a query read (a DNA fragment) into one of the groups previously prepared by the user. Typically, this is one of the taxonomic rank (e.g., phylum, genus), however prepared groups may contain sequences having various functions. In CoMeta, we used the exact method for read classification using short subsequences (k-mers) and fast program for indexing large set of k-mers. In contrast to the most popular methods based on BLAST, where the query is compared with each reference sequence, we begin the classification from the top of the taxonomy tree to reduce the number of comparisons. The presented experimental study confirms that CoMeta outperforms other programs used in this context. CoMeta is available at https://github.com/jkawulok/cometa under a free GNU GPL 2 license.
Narrow Gap, High Mobility, and Stable Pi Conjugated Polymers (2012)

Abstract : High mobility and ambient stable, processable pi-conjugated and electroactive polymers for optoelectronic and redox charge storage applications were developed. Dithienogermole (DTG) was developed as a new electron donor and isoindigo (iI) as a new electron acceptor. By alternating electron donor (D) and acceptor (A) moieties, new charge transport and solar polymers have been developed. Using dithienosilole (DTS) in conjunction with benzothiadiazole (BTD) as an acceptor, field-effect hole mobilities are enhanced by several orders of magnitude, reaching up to 0.1 cm2V-1s-1. Combining DTG with the thienopyrrolodione (TPD) acceptor has lead to solar polymers that exhibit AM1.5 power conversion efficiencies (PCE) in excess of 8% (7.4% certified). Using polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) as an additive for isoindigo-based molecular OPV, an enhanced PCE in terms of both magnitude and repeatability is observed, which is backed up by reproducible morphologies imaged by AFM and TEM. Isoindigo has been used in a bis-EDOT capped, electropolymerizable D-A-D system to yield highly electroactive films applied in Type 1 Supercapacitors.
Sub-wavelength waveguide loaded by a complementary electric metamaterial for vacuum electron devices (2014)

We report the electromagnetic properties of a waveguide loaded by complementary electric split ring resonators (CeSRRs) and the application of the waveguide in vacuum electronics. The S-parameters of the CeSRRs in free space are calculated using the HFSS code and are used to retrieve the effective permittivity and permeability in an effective medium theory. The dispersion relation of a waveguide loaded with the CeSRRs is calculated by two approaches: by direct calculation with HFSS and by calculation with the effective medium theory; the results are in good agreement. An improved agreement is obtained using a fitting procedure for the permittivity tensor in the effective medium theory. The gain of a backward wave mode of the CeSRR-loaded waveguide interacting with an electron beam is calculated by two methods: by using the HFSS model and traveling wave tube theory; and by using a dispersion relation derived in the effective medium model. Results of the two methods are in very good agreement. The proposed all-metal structure may be useful in miniaturized vacuum electron devices.
All-Solid-State Separated Potassium Electrode Based on SnO[sub 2]/ITO Glass (2007)

An all-solid-state potassium electrode based on tin oxide /indium tin oxide (ITO) glass is developed in this paper. The sensing membrane of the electrode is prepared by mixing poly(vinyl chloride) (PVC), bis(2-ethylhexyl) sebacate (DOS), valinomycin (VAL), and potassium tetrakis(p-chlorophenyl) borate (KTpClPB). The mixed solution is dissolved in tetrahydrofuran (THF). Then, it is dropped on the sensing window of /ITO glass. In addition, the wire, which is coated PVC membrane containing powder, is used as a miniaturized reference electrode in this study. The optimum experiment of the potassium sensor is conducted by observing the characteristics of sensitivity and selectivity in different weight ratios. After the optimum experimental trials, the best weight ratio of the potassium sensor is PVC:DOS:VAL:KTpClPB = 33:66:4:2. In this optimum condition, the sensitivity is /decade with linear concentration range between and . The low detection limit of the sensor reaches to , and response time is . Moreover, the sensor is slight interfered by sodium, calcium, and magnesium ions. The pH variation does not affect its electromotive force in the range between pH 6 and pH 12. The sensor possesses reusable properties showing that it can be repeated, measuring 30 times.
Neurotoxicity of purine analogs: a review. (1994)

The doses of these three agents should not be increased above the recommended levels. Development of moderate or worse neurotoxicity should result in discontinuation of that drug.
Flexible Plenoptic X-ray Microscopy (2022)

X-ray computed tomography (CT) is an invaluable technique for generating three-dimensional (3D) images of inert or living specimens. X-ray CT is used in many scientific, industrial, and societal fields. Compared to conventional 2D X-ray imaging, CT requires longer acquisition times because up to several thousand projections are required for reconstructing a single high-resolution 3D volume. Plenoptic imaging—an emerging technology in visible light field photography—highlights the potential of capturing quasi-3D information with a single exposure. Here, we show the first demonstration of a flexible plenoptic microscope operating with hard X-rays; it is used to computationally reconstruct images at different depths along the optical axis. The experimental results are consistent with the expected axial refocusing, precision, and spatial resolution. Thus, this proof-of-concept experiment opens the horizons to quasi-3D X-ray imaging, without sample rotation, with spatial resolution of a few hundred nanometres.