gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Optical fiber loss increase due to hydrogen and long‐term loss stability for optical fiber cables (1986)

Abstract Recently, it has become clear that the long‐term loss of an optical fiber increases if the fiber is exposed to hydrogen. This phenomenon indicates that the loss in the optical fiber installed in a cable can increase if for some reason hydrogen is generated in the fiber cable. Therefore, this phenomenon is important for reliability design consideration. When the optical communication system with the 1.3 μm band is in actual use and the one with the 1.5 μm band is nearing its preparation for actual use, it is especially important to understand clearly the guarantee of long‐term reliability of an optical fiber cable and prevention of the effects of hydrogen. In this paper, the loss increase characteristics are formulated for optical fiber with germanium as an only dopant placed in a hydrogen atmosphere. The formulation is done from the results of increased temperature tests in hydrogen. From the formula, an allowable level of hydrogen pressure in the cable is calculated such that the loss increase of the fiber is kept below a specified value. It is also shown that the loss increase is sufficiently suppressed for practice by preventing water leakage into the cable.
Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptor-γ Agonists Promote Differentiation and Antioxidant Defenses of Oligodendrocyte Progenitor Cells (2009)

Several lines of evidence suggest that peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma (PPAR-gamma) agonists may control brain inflammation and, therefore, may be useful for the treatment of human CNS inflammatory conditions. The PPAR-gamma agonists delay the onset and ameliorate clinical manifestations in animal demyelinating disease models, in which the beneficial effects are thought to be mainly related to anti-inflammatory effects on peripheral and brain immune cells. Direct effects on neurons, oligodendrocytes, and other CNS resident cells cannot be excluded, however. To analyze potential direct actions of PPAR-gamma agonists on oligodendrocytes, we investigated the effects of both natural (15-deoxy Delta prostaglandin J2) and synthetic (pioglitazone) PPAR-gamma agonists in primary cultures of rat oligodendrocyte progenitor cells. The PPAR-gamma agonists promoted oligodendrocyte progenitor cell differentiation and enhanced their antioxidant defenses by increasing levels of catalase and copper-zinc superoxide dismutase while maintaining the overall homeostasis of the glutathione system. Protective effects were abolished in the presence of the specific PPAR-gamma antagonist GW9662, indicating that they are specifically dependent on PPAR-gamma. These observations suggest that in addition to their known anti-inflammatory effects, PPAR-gamma agonists may protect oligodendrocyte progenitor cells by preserving their integrity and favoring their differentiation into myelin-forming cells. Thus, PPAR-gamma may promote recovery from demyelination by direct effects on oligodendrocytes.
Low-Temperature Plasma Jet for Biomedical Applications: A Review (2015)

Low-temperature plasma jets launched in room air are unique plasma sources in the sense that they provide a volume of plasma outside the confines of electrodes and gas enclosures. This is an extremely attractive property for medical applications where the target is usually a biological tissue located in normal and unobstructed room conditions. It was discovered that these jets are in fact trains of small volumes of plasma traveling at supersonic velocity. These fast propagating plasma fronts came to be known as plasma bullets. Plasma bullets are vehicles delivering reactive species such reactive oxygen species and reactive nitrogen species to a target under treatment. Here, a review of the biological and medical applications of a plasma jet source termed plasma pencil is presented. The plasma pencil is a device powered by short high-voltage pulses and that can launch plasma bullets in room air, up to several centimeters away from its nozzle. The effects of the plasma pencil on prokaryotic microorganisms (bacteria), pathogenic proteins, epithelial cells, and cancer cells are presented.
Trajectory-based Visual Analytics for Anomalous Human Movement Analysis using Social Media (2015)

The rapid development and increasing availability of mobile communication and location acquisition technologies allow people to add location data to existing social networks so that people share location-embedded information. For human movement analysis, such location-based social networks have been gaining attention as promising data sources. Researchers have mainly focused on finding daily activity patterns and detecting outliers. However, during crisis events, since the movement patterns are irregular, a new approach is required to analyze the movements. To address these challenges, we propose a trajectory-based visual analytics system for analyzing anomalous human movements during disasters using social media. We extract trajectories from location-based social networks and cluster the trajectories into sets of similar sub-trajectories in order to discover common human movement patterns. We also propose a classification model based on historical data for detecting abnormal movements using human expert interaction.
Multilayer Embedded Metamaterial Optimization for 3D Integrated Module Applications (2006)

This paper proposes a novel methodology to design and optimize a metamaterial structure for 6 GHz. Current design methods do not take into account the specific effect of each of the factors involved in the design process, the degree that these factors interact with each other, and which ones are not statistically significant and therefore can be eliminated from further analysis. The proposed methodology integrates full wave electromagnetic simulation and statistical tools and is applied for the optimization of a compact 6 GHz metamaterial structure on LTCC (low temperature cofired ceramic). The proposed methodology can be easily extended to a large number of design variables and optimized figures of merit
Detrimental Contribution of the Immuno-Inhibitor B7-H1 to Rabies Virus Encephalitis (2008)

Rabies virus is the etiological agent of an acute encephalitis, which in absence of post exposure treatment is fatal in almost all cases. Virus lethality rests on its ability to evade the immune response. In this study, we analyzed the role of the immuno-inhibitory molecule B7-H1 in this virus strategy. We showed that in the brain and spinal cord of mice, rabies virus infection resulted in significant up-regulation of B7-H1 expression, which is specifically expressed in infected neurons. Correlatively, clinical rabies in B7-H1(-/-) mice is markedly less severe than in wild-type mice. B7-H1(-/-) mice display resistance to rabies. Virus invasion is reduced and the level of migratory CD8 T cells increases into the nervous system, while CD4/CD8 ratio remains unchanged in the periphery. In vivo, neuronal B7-H1 expression is critically depending on TLR3 signaling and IFN-beta, because TLR3(-/-) mice--in which IFN-beta production is reduced--showed only a limited increase of B7-H1 transcripts after infection. These data provide evidence that neurons can express the B7-H1 molecule after viral stress or exposure to a particular cytokine environment. They show that the B7-H1/PD-1 pathway can be exploited locally and in an organ specific manner--here the nervous system--by a neurotropic virus to promote successful host invasion.
Resistance to DDT and Pyrethroids and Increased kdr Mutation Frequency in An. gambiae after the Implementation of Permethrin-Treated Nets in Senegal (2012)

Biological evidence of resistance to DDT and pyrethroids was detected among An. gambiae mosquitoes in Dielmo (Senegal) within 24 months of community use of LLINs. Molecular identification of L1014F mutation indicated that target site resistance increased after the implementation of LLINs.
A preference analysis approach to robust geometric model fitting in computer vision. (2013)

Robust model fitting is a crucial task in numerous computer vision applications, where the information of interest is often expressed as a mathematical model. The goal of model fitting is to estimate the model parameters that “best” explain the observed data. However, robust model fitting is a challenging problem in computer vision, since vision data are (1) unavoidably contaminated by outliers due to imperfections in data acquisition and preprocessing, and (2) often contain multiple instances (or structures) of a model. Many robust fitting methods involve generating hypotheses using random sampling, and then (1) score the hypotheses using a robust criterion or (2) use a mode seeking or clustering method to elicit the potential structures in the data. Obtaining a good set of hypotheses is crucial for success, however this is often timeconsuming, especially for heavily contaminated data. In addition, many irrelevant hypotheses are unavoidably generated during sampling process. This frequently becomes an obstacle for accurate estimation, and has been ignored in previous methods. In particular, mode seeking-based fitting methods are very sensitive to the proportion of good/bad hypotheses. This thesis proposes several sampling methods for rapid and effective generation of good hypotheses, and hypothesis filtering methods to remove bad hypotheses for accurate estimation. The techniques developed here can be easily integrated into existing fitting methods to significantly improve fitting accuracy. We also propose a hierarchical fitting method, which recognizes that details in real-life data are organized hierarchically (i.e., large structures cascading down to finer structures). This can avoid excessive parameter tuning to obtain a particular fitting result, whereas existing fitting methods often fit data with a single number of structures and permit only one interpretation of the data. The algorithms in this thesis are motivated by preference (or ranking) analysis, which has been widely used in areas such as information retrieval, artificial intelligence and marketing. Preference analysis provides a sophisticated non-parametric approach to analyzing the data and hypotheses in model fitting problems. The algorithms developed here are shown to be more reliable than previous methods, and to perform well in various vision tasks.
Microcontroller System Design Using PIC18F Processors (2017)

"This book provides comprehensive discussions on strategies and techniques for optimizing microprocessor-based electronic system development and examines methods for acquiring improved software and hardware skills. Highlighting innovative concepts across a range of topics, such as serial peripheral interfaces, addressing kodes, and asynchronous communications"--
Microtiter Plate-Format Optode (1998)

Microtiter plate-format optodes could be assembled by casting bulk-response membranes into the standard 96-well polypropylene-based plate or by screen printing them on an optically transparent substrate with 96-well pattern. The compositions of thick optode membranes, especially the ratios of poly(vinyl chloride) (PVC) to plasticizer [bis-(2-ethylhexyl) sebacate (DOS)], were carefully optimized to provide reproducible and rapid response. Adjusting the ratio of PVC to DOS by 1:6, bulk-response membranes containing neutral carrier (4-tert-butyl calix[4]arene tetraacetic acid tetraethyl ester for sodium-selective membrane or valinomycin for potassium-selective membrane) and lipophilic pH indicator (ETH 5294) could exhibit equilibrium response in 5 min. The practical utility of microtiter plate-format optodes has been examined by determining clinically relevant electrolytes in serum samples. It was demonstrated that microtiter plate-format optodes can provide high sample throughput (approximately 100 samples in less than 5 min), analytical performance comparable to that of a potentiometric clinical analyzer, and additional information on electrolytes using the same samples prepared for other colorimetric measurements.
BST-Varactor Tunable Dual-Mode Filter Using Variable ${Z}_{C}$ Transmission Line (2008)

Ferroelectric materials like barium-strontium-titanate (BST) have become attractive for microwave tunable circuit applications. This letter presents an investigation of BST-varactor tunable dual-mode filter using variable characteristic impedance or Z <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">C</sub> transmission line. The interdigital BST varactors are fabricated and modeled, which are then deployed to realize a bandpass filter with tunable bandwidth capability. The use of tunable impedance line provides additional flexibilities in the design of microwave tunable circuits. A tunable bandpass filter of this type with a center frequency of 1.8 GHz and a bandwidth tuning ratio of 1.15:1 is demonstrated experimentally.
The CL-SciSumm Shared Task 2018: Results and Key Insights (2018)

This overview describes the official results of the CL-SciSumm Shared Task 2018 -- the first medium-scale shared task on scientific document summarization in the computational linguistics (CL) domain. This year, the dataset comprised 60 annotated sets of citing and reference papers from the open access research papers in the CL domain. The Shared Task was organized as a part of the 41st Annual Conference of the Special Interest Group in Information Retrieval (SIGIR), held in Ann Arbor, USA in July 2018. We compare the participating systems in terms of two evaluation metrics. The annotated dataset and evaluation scripts can be accessed and used by the community from: \url{this https URL}.
Absence of <i>in vivo</i> mutagenicity of 4,4'-oxybis(benzenesulfonohydrazide) in liver and glandular stomach of Muta<sup>TM</sup> Mouse (2022)

4,4'-Oxybis(benzenesulfonohydrazide) (OBSH) is a blowing agent widely used in the manufacture of porous plastics and rubber. OBSH was notified as an additive in the Japanese positive list system for food utensils, containers and packaging. The in vitro mutagenicity of OBSH was shown extensively in bacterial reverse mutation assays, a DNA repair test, and a chromosomal aberration test. Few studies exist on in vivo genotoxic evaluation on OBSH apart from an in vivo micronuclei test. To clarify in vivo mutagenicity, we conducted a transgenic rodent gene mutation (TGR) assay (OECD TG 488). We dosed male MutaTM Mouse with OBSH by oral gavage at 0 (negative control), 25, 50, and 100 mg/kg/day for 28 consecutive days, and evaluated mutant frequencies (MFs) of lacZ in the liver and glandular stomach (5 mice/group). We observed two deaths and a reduction in body weight at 100 mg/kg/day. Although we exposed MutaTM Mouse to OBSH orally for 28 days up to the maximum tolerated dose, we did not detect in vivo mutagenicity in the liver and glandular stomach. In contrast, in the positive control we detected significantly increased MFs. The results of this study suggest that OBSH is not mutagenic in vivo.
Which Cations are Detrimental to Shale Preservation? (2017)

Abstract The water-sensitive nature of shale is traditionally thought to be a factor of the clay content of the rock. Because current practices to mitigate formation damage entail the use of brines to control the osmotic potential of stimulation fluids, we posited that not all brines will induce the same response from Bentonite, Illite, and more importantly shale. Current industrial practices to mitigate permeability damage in source rock shale reservoirs typically entail the use of sodium-, potassium-, calcium-, tetramethyl ammonium-, and/or choline chloride salt brines to control the rate of cation exchange between formation clays and stimulation fluids. Industrial and literature precedent suggests that below a critical salt concentration (CSC) osmostically-driven cation-exchange between injected fluid and the formation is the primary damage mechanisms for both swelling and migrating clays; however, above the CSC, the potential still exists for crystalline swelling and mechanical destabilization. Examining various clays and clay laden formation materials revealed that certain cations, even above their CSC, will induce formation damage. To accurately assess the effect and permanency of various brines when introduced to pure clay as well as shales, a statistically relevant laboratory protocol has been developed to evaluate the role differing cations play in shale preservation. The clay and formation cuttings were evaluated for swelling and mechanical stability, then subjected to dynamic experiments using sandpack, coreflow, and API conductivity testing methods. The evaluated formation materials were diagnosed with computed tomography (CT), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy to diagnose permeability damage mechanisms for given treatment fluids and formation material composition. This paper seeks to advance the existing understanding of the damage mechanisms involved when brine containing stimulation fluids are introduced to shale reservoirs. Currently, there is a lack of consensus on the significance of the identity of the ideal salt-cation treatment to preserve permeability in shale reservoirs. The authors have probed the effect various brines have on clay and unconventional material, which compliments the current body of literature related to shale inhibition.
Characterization of Three Related Glucose Repressors and Genes They Regulate in Saccharomyces cerevisiae (1998)

Mig1 and Mig2 are proteins with similar zinc fingers that are required for glucose repression of SUC2 expression. Mig1, but not Mig2, is required for repression of some other glucose-repressed genes, including the GAL genes. A second homolog of Mig1, Yer028, appears to be a glucose-dependent transcriptional repressor that binds to the Mig1-binding sites in the SUC2 promoter, but is not involved in glucose repression of SUC2 expression. Despite their functional redundancy, we found several significant differences between Mig1 and Mig2: (1) in the absence of glucose, Mig1, but not Mig2, is inactivated by the Snf1 protein kinase; (2) nuclear localization of Mig1, but not Mig2, is regulated by glucose; (3) expression of MIG1, but not MIG2, is repressed by glucose; and (4) Mig1 and Mig2 bind to similar sites but with different relative affinities. By two approaches, we have identified many genes regulated by Mig1 and Mig2, and confirmed a role for Mig1 and Mig2 in repression of several of them. We found no genes repressed by Yer028. Also, we identified no genes repressed by only Mig1 or Mig2. Thus, Mig1 and Mig2 are redundant glucose repressors of many genes.
Synthesis and CNS activity of some fluorine containing 3-indolylglyoxamides and tryptamines. (1978)

A number of new 5-/6-fluoro-2-substitutedaryl-3-indolylglyoxamides and their corresponding tryptamines have been synthesized. 5-/6-Fluoro-2-arylindoles, prepared by Fischer indole synthesis on treatment with oxalyl chloride and subsequent reaction with secondary amines, gave 5-/6-fluoro-2-aryl-3-indolylglyoxamides. The indolylglyoxamides were reduced with lithium aluminium hydride to yield corresponding tryptamines. All the synthesized compounds have been characterized by IR, PMR and 19F NMR spectral studies. CNS activity of some representative compounds has also been evaluated.
Synergistic activity between <i>Bacillus thuringiensis</i> Cry6Aa and Cry55Aa toxins against <i>Meloidogyne incognita</i> (2011)

Plant-parasitic nematodes are the most destructive group of plant pathogens worldwide and are extremely challenging to control. Some Bacillus thuringiensis crystal proteins are highly toxic to the plant-parasitic nematode Meloidogyne incognita. In this study, the nematicidal crystal proteins Cry6Aa, Cry5Ba and Cry55Aa were tested against M. incognita to select the best toxin combination for its management. The results showed that a combination of Cry6Aa and Cry55Aa showed significant synergistic toxicity against M. incognita, and the highest synergistic effect (five times the expected toxicity of the two toxins calculated from their separate toxicities) was observed when they were combined in a 1:1 ratio. Furthermore, ligand blot analyses of the interaction between total proteins of M. incognita and the three toxins showed many different signal bands, indicating that there is a range of host proteins with which the toxins can interact. One explanation of the observed synergism is that the toxins damage the host in diverse ways, and they may thus act cooperatively and thereby show greater toxicity in combination. Our discovery provides an effective strategy for controlling M. incognita by using a combination of Cry6Aa and Cry55Aa.
Analysis, design, and construction of braced domes (1984)

A history of the development of domes and a review of recent achievements world-wide Introduction to the analysis of braced domes A general program for the static linear elastic analysis of skeletal structures Stability and collapse analysis of braced dome Formex formulation of braced domes Shell analogies applied to the analysis of stress distribution in braced domes Analysis of some cyclically symmetric structures by finite difference calculus Theroetical review of the finite element analysis of continuum/skeletal systems applied to braced domes Wind-tunnel tests of pressure distribution on domes in different boundary layers A comparison of the codes of practice used in different countries for the determination of wind loads on domes An economic method for the subdivision of braced spherical domes with some recommendations for their design Review of the development of geodesic domes A system for clustering triangulated domes in two and three dimensions Design and construction of braced domes The dome at Fort Regent Leisure Centre Diamond dome systems Developments in Temcor aluminium domes Single and double-layer MERO domes Double-layer braced dome in Vitoria, Sapin Domes: their form, function and architecture Reticulated dome for the swimming pool hall at Swindon Leisure Centre Some recent realizations of geodesic domes in Italy Braced-dome roofs at Sharjah International Airport Triodetic domes.
A High Speed CMOS Image Sensor with a Novel Digital Correlated Double Sampling and a Differential Difference Amplifier (2015)

In order to increase the operating speed of a CMOS image sensor (CIS), a new technique of digital correlated double sampling (CDS) is described. In general, the fixed pattern noise (FPN) of a CIS has been reduced with the subtraction algorithm between the reset signal and pixel signal. This is because a single-slope analog-to-digital converter (ADC) has been normally adopted in the conventional digital CDS with the reset ramp and signal ramp. Thus, the operating speed of a digital CDS is much slower than that of an analog CDS. In order to improve the operating speed, we propose a novel digital CDS based on a differential difference amplifier (DDA) that compares the reset signal and the pixel signal using only one ramp. The prototype CIS has been fabricated with 0.13 µm CIS technology and it has the VGA resolution of 640 × 480. The measured conversion time is 16 µs, and a high frame rate of 131 fps is achieved at the VGA resolution.