gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
[Effect of kidney function on the elimination and action of colloidal plasma substitutes]. (1979)

Hypovolemia and prophylaxis of thrombosis are the main indications for colloidal plasma substitutes. This is also true for patients with renal failure. Due to their difference in molecular structure colloidal plasma substitutes, which are in clinical use--dextran, hydroxyethyl starch, gelatin--, are eliminated tbrough different pathways. However, the kidney plays an important role in the elimination of all three substances. Therefore pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of colloidal plasma substitutes, which are based on dextran, hydroxyethyl starch and gelatin, were studied in patients with normal or impaired renal function. Renal insufficiency proved to affect the elimination and therapeutic efficacy of these colloids in different and characteristic ways. Consequently this requires special indications and dosage recommendations for patients with renal insufficiency.
Interfacial Micropore Defect Formation in PEDOT:PSS-Si Hybrid Solar Cells Probed by TOF-SIMS 3D Chemical Imaging (2013)

Conducting p-type polymer layers on n-type Si have been widely studied for the fabrication of cost-effective hybrid solar cells. In this work, time-of-flight secondary ion mass spectrometry (TOF-SIMS) is used to provide three-dimensional chemical imaging of the interface between poly(3,4-ethylene-dioxythiophene):polystyrenesulfonate (PEDOT:PSS) and SiOx/Si in a hybrid solar cell. To minimize structural damage to the polymer layer, an Ar cluster sputtering source is used for depth profiling. The present result shows the formation of micropore defects in the interface region of the PEDOT:PSS layer on the SiOx/Si substrate. This interfacial micropore defect formation becomes more prominent with increasing thickness of the native oxide layer, which is a key device parameter that greatly affects the hybrid solar cell performance. Three-dimensional chemical imaging coupled with Ar cluster ion sputtering has therefore been demonstrated as an emerging technique for probing the interface of this and other polymer-inorganic systems.
Location Obfuscation for Location Data Privacy (2015)

Advances in wireless internet, sensor technologies, mobile technologies, and global positioning technologies have renewed interest in location based services (LBSs) among mobile users. LBSs on smartphones allow consumers to locate nearby products and services, in exchange of their location information. Precision of location data helps for accurate query processing of LBSs but it may lead to severe security violations and several privacy threats, as intruders can easily determine user's common paths or actual locations. Encryption is the most explored approach for ensuring security. It can give protection against third party attacks but it cannot provide protection against privacy threats on the server which can still obtain user location and use it for malicious purposes. Location obfuscation is a technique to protect user privacy by altering the location of the users while preserving capability of server to compute few mathematical functions which are useful for the user over the obfuscated location information. This work mainly concentrates on LBSs which wants to know the distance travelled by user for providing their services and compares encryption and obfuscation techniques. This study proposes various methods of location obfuscation for GPS location data which are used to obfuscate user's path and location from service provider. Our work shows that user privacy can be maintained without affecting LBSs results, and without incurring significant overheads.
A new traffic-load shedding scheme in the WCDMA mobile communication systems (2003)

In a mobile telecommunication environment, an abrupt increase of mobile users in a specific cell causes an unbalanced traffic-load distribution. When the increased traffic-load exceeds the link capacity of a WCDMA system, it significantly degrades the traffic quality of the mobile users. In this paper, we propose an adaptive soft handover algorithm (ASHA) to efficiently alleviate the overloaded traffic in a cell by adjusting handover parameters. The proposed algorithm virtually reduces the service coverage of the overloaded cell without adjustment of base station transmission power. Consequently, mobile users located in the area farthest away from the heavily loaded-cell site are handed over to the lightly loaded neighboring cells, so that the traffic-load of the overloaded cell is decreased. The performance of the proposed algorithm is analyzed in path loss and shadow fading environments and is compared with that of a conventional soft handover algorithm.
Studies on a model of bitter peptides including arginine, proline and phenylalanine residues. I. Bitter taste of di- and tripeptides, and bitterness increase of the model peptides by extension of the peptide chain. (1985)

In order to elucidate the relationship between bitter taste and chemical structure in peptides, various kinds of model bitter peptides containing arginine, proline and phenylalanine were synthesized, and the contribution of the individual amino acids to the bitter taste was made clear. It was confirmed that, in order to strengthen the bitterness in di- and tripeptides, the hydrophobic amino acid needs to be located at the C-terminal and, conversely, the basic amino acid should be located at the N-terminal. Furthermore, a strong bitter taste was observed when arginine was contiguous to proline such as Arg-Pro, Gly-Arg-Pro and Arg-Pro-Gly. A synergistic effect for bitter taste was observed in the peptides whose structure is (Arg)l, -(Pro)m-(Phe)n (l=1, 2; m, n=1-3) by increasing the number of amino acids. Among them, the octapeptide (Arg-Arg-Pro-Pro-Pro-Phe-Phe-Phe) possessed an extremely bitter taste with its threshold value of 0.002 HIM and was found to be the most bitter among the peptides.
Pre-Treatment Whole Blood Gene Expression Is Associated with 14-Week Response Assessed by Dynamic Contrast Enhanced Magnetic Resonance Imaging in Infliximab-Treated Rheumatoid Arthritis Patients (2014)

ClinicalTrials.gov NCT01313520.
Parallel virtualized memory translation with nested elastic cuckoo page tables (2022)

A major reason why nested or virtualized address translations are slow is because current systems organize page tables in a multi-level tree that is accessed in a sequential manner. A nested translation may potentially require up to twenty-four sequential memory accesses. To address this problem, this paper presents the first page table design that supports parallel nested address translation. The design is based on using hashed page tables (HPTs) for both guest and host. However, directly extending a native HPT design to a nested environment leads to minor gains. Instead, our design solves a new set of challenges that appear in nested environments. Our scheme eliminates all but three of the potentially twenty-four sequential steps of a nested translation—while judiciously limiting the number of parallel memory accesses issued to avoid over-consuming cache bandwidth. As a result, compared to conventional nested radix tables, our design speeds-up the execution of a set of applications by an average of 1.19x (for 4KB pages) and 1.24x (when huge pages are used). In addition, we also show a migration path from current nested radix page tables to our design.
Multi-View Representation Learning: Approaches and Applications (2022)

<p>The performance of machine learning algorithms is heavily dependent on the quality of the data representation. Learning discriminative data representations becomes a critical step in the machine learning task pipeline. Data representations can be obtained from multiple views. For example, in a complex network model, the representation of each node can be viewed as a combination of the correlations between itself and its neighbors and the node attributes. A comprehensive representation can be obtained because data from different views usually contain complementary information.</p><p>This dissertation tackles the problem of multi-view representation learning. How to generate the data representations by incorporating multiple aspects of data, such as text, network topological information, and data derived from various sources. Multi-view representations are capable of uncovering the implicit and complex explanatory factors of variation behind the data.</p>
US Patent Application (2013)

A family of power converters has input ac voltage regulation instead of output dc voltage regulation. The bi-directional converters control power flows and maintain the input ac voltage at or close to a certain reference value. These bi-directional power converters handle both active and reactive power while maintaining the input ac voltage within a small tolerance. Use of these converters is favorable for future power grid maintenance in that they (i) ensure the load demand follows power generation and (ii) provide distributed stability support for the power grid. The converters can be used in future smart loads that help stabilize the power grid.
Improving home automation by discovering regularly occurring device usage patterns (2004)

The data stream captured by recording inhabitant-device interactions in an environment can be mined to discover significant patterns, which an intelligent agent could use to automate device interactions. However, this knowledge discovery problem is complicated by several challenges, such as excessive noise in the data, data that does not naturally exist as transactions, a need to operate in real time, and a domain where frequency may not be the best discriminator. We propose a novel data mining technique that addresses these challenges and discovers regularly-occurring interactions with a smart home. We also discuss a case study that shows the data mining technique can improve the accuracy of two prediction algorithms, thus demonstrating multiple uses for a home automation system. Finally, we present an analysis of the algorithm and results obtained using inhabitant interactions.
A novel technique for quantitative detection of mRNA expression in human bone derived cells cultured on biomaterials (1996)

A nonisotopic and quantitative in situ hybridization technique was adapted to investigate the effect of biomaterials on the cellular expression of mRNA from human bone derived cells (HBD cells). HBD cells were cultured for 24 or 48 h on tissue culture plastic, alumina, and ion modified alumina. Osteocalcin, osteopontin, alkaline phosphatase, type I collagen alpha 1, and type I collagen alpha 2 mRNAs were quantified. Protein expression for collagen types I, III, and V, and for anti-human macrophages CD68 (DAKO-CD68, KP1) and CD68 (PG-M1), and anti-human myeloid/histiocyte antigen (DAKO-MAC 387) were determined immunohistochemically using monoclonal antibodies. At 24 and 48 h, levels of mRNA for alkaline phosphatase and osteonectin were greater than mRNA levels for osteopontin, osteocalcin, collagen type I alpha 1, and collagen type I alpha 2 for cells grown on the three substrata. However, at 48 h mRNA levels for alkaline phosphatase and osteonectin were significantly higher on the modified ceramic substrata relative to the native alumina. HBD cells appear to express CD68-KP1 when cultured for 24 h. The techniques provide a sensitive and reproducible assay to evaluate gene and protein expression of cells grown on different substrata.
Regulation of Hippo Signaling by Mechanical Signals and the Cytoskeleton (2019)

Hippo signaling regulates the balance between cell proliferation and apoptosis to control the size of organs during development. Appropriate Hippo signaling is associated with stem cell differentiation, and inappropriate signaling can result in tumorigenesis and cancer. Hippo signaling activity is influenced not only by biochemical signals but also by mechanical force and the cytoskeleton transmitted through cell-cell junctions and cell-matrix adhesions. In this review, we describe the evidence for the regulation of Hippo signaling by the spatial reorganization of signaling components, mechanical force, and the cytoskeleton. Although our understanding of the relationship between Hippo signal transduction and mechanical force and the cytoskeleton is developing rapidly, many unresolved questions remain.
Electrodeposition of Cobalt‐Aluminum Alloys from Room Temperature Chloroaluminate Molten Salt (1996)

The electrochemical reduction of cobalt(II) in the 1.5:1.0 :EMIC (EMIC = 1‐ethyl‐3‐methylimidazolium chloride) room temperature molten salt leads to cobalt metal at potentials positive of +0.4 V and to alloys when the deposition potential is negative of +0.4 V. The value of x in gradually increases up to a value of 2 as the electrodeposition potential (Edeposition) decreases; however, plots of x vs. Edeposition exhibit sloping plateaus and indicate preferential formation of alloys having integral compositions of and . The formation of these alloys can be interpreted as an underpotential deposition‐based process or as a free energy of alloy formation. Evaluation of the chronoamperometric transient behavior during electrodeposition shows that pure Co deposition proceeds via 3D progressive nucleation with diffusion‐controlled growth. However, as Edeposition crosses from Co metal into the alloy‐forming range, the nucleation process exhibits characteristics indicative of kinetic control.
Tuning the Surface Structure and Optical Properties of CdSe Clusters Using Coordination Chemistry (2011)

A series of nonstoichiometric CdSe clusters with lowest energy electronic absorptions between 409 - 420 nm has been prepared from cadmium 1-naphthoate, 2-naphthoate, 4-thiomethyl-1-naphthaote, and 1-naphthalene thiolate complexes and diphenylphosphine selenide (DPPSe). Pair distribution function analysis of X-ray diffraction data, ligand exchange experiments, and NMR molecular weight analyses suggest the nanocrystal core changes minimally among these clusters despite significant changes to their absorption and luminescence spectra. Photoluminescence excitation spectra obtained at 77 K reveal an energy transfer process between the surface-trapped excited state and the naphthalene-containing ligands that leads to ligand phosphorescence. A Dexter energy transfer mechanism is proposed to explain the observation of ligand phosphorescence on excitation of the cluster. These compounds demonstrate that cluster absorption and trap luminescence can be controlled with surface coordination chemistry.
Photon Upconversion in Aqueous Nanodroplets (2019)

Triplet fusion upconversion, the conversion of two low-energy photons into one higher-energy photon via excitonic intermediates, has the potential to revolutionize fields as diverse as biological imaging, photovoltaics, and optogenetics. However, important hurdles to widespread application still exist; for example, the vast majority of demonstrations are in nonpolar solvents, limiting applications. Furthermore, the necessary high concentrations of dyes limit optical penetration depth. Efforts toward aqueous solutions utilizing micelles and other nanoencapsulants have been limited by poor efficiencies or scatter from the nanoparticles. Here, we demonstrate a facile micellular fabrication method that drives a high boiling point solvent into the core of a block copolymer micelle, greatly reducing molecular aggregation. We show that this simple preparation is scalable and provides benefits across five different colors of photon upconversion. We expect this simple, user-friendly, and high-performance system to aid a multitude of photon upconversion applications, in particular, for optogenetics, photodynamic therapy, and photochemistry.
Superior performance in protein homology detection with the Blocks Database servers (1998)

The Blocks Database World Wide Web (http://www.blocks.fhcrc.org ) and Email (blocks@blocks.fhcrc.org) servers provide tools for the detection and analysis of protein homology based on alignment blocks representing conserved regions of proteins. During the past year, searching has been augmented by supplementation of the Blocks Database with blocks from the Prints Database, for a total of 4754 blocks from 1163 families. Blocks from both the Blocks and Prints Databases and blocks that are constructed from sequences submitted to Block Maker can be used for blocks-versus-blocks searching of these databases with LAMA, and for viewing logos and bootstrap trees. Sensitive searches of up-to-date protein sequence databanks are carried out via direct links to the MAST server using position-specific scoring matrices and to the BLAST and PSI-BLAST servers using consensus-embedded sequence queries. Utilizing the trypsin family to evaluate performance, we illustrate the superiority of blocks-based tools over expert pairwise searching or Hidden Markov Models.
Graphene Terahertz Generators for Molecular Circuits and Sensors (2008)

Using ab initio density functional theory methods, the optimized structure of the single-, double-, and triple-layered graphene nanoribbons with different stacking orders and edges is calculated along with their Raman spectrums. For each case studied, graphene is found to be a potential source of vibrational signals in the terahertz region of the spectrum when molecules or another layer are adsorbed in the surface; this effect is independent of the hydrogen presence at the edges, and the stacking order. The visible low-frequency modes increase with the addition of graphene layers, and the number of modes may be influenced by the type of edges. The monolayer shows better performance due to the lower number of vibrational modes. The nanoribbon with fewer modes at the terahertz range is used to show a potential application of graphene acting as a sensor of single molecules.
Scaleable Single-Photon Avalanche Diode Structures in Nanometer CMOS Technology (2011)

Single-photon avalanche photodiodes (SPADs) operating in Geiger mode offer exceptional time resolution and optical sensitivity. Implementation in modern nanometer-scale complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor (CMOS) technologies to create dense high-resolution arrays requires a device structure that is scaleable down to a few micrometers. A family of three SPAD structures with sub-100-Hz mean dark count rate (DCR) is proposed in 130-nm CMOS image sensor technology. Based on a novel retrograde buried n-well guard ring, these detectors are shown to readily scale from 32 to 2 μm with improving DCR, jitter, and yield. One of these detectors is compatible with standard triple-well digital CMOS, and the others bring the first low-DCR realizations at the 130-nm node of shallow-trench-isolation-bounded and enhancement SPADs.
Automated fault detection and diagnosis methods for supermarket equipment (RP-1615) (2017)

Many automated fault detection and diagnostics methods have been developed for application to building mechanical systems over the past 20 years because they have the potential to reduce operating costs and energy consumption by providing early warning of performance degradation faults. Supermarkets could be a very beneficial setting to deploy automated fault detection and diagnostics, particularly in the refrigeration systems, which are major energy users and are known to commonly suffer from significant refrigerant leakage problems. The current article provides an overview of the common mechanical systems deployed in supermarkets, and then describes a comprehensive review of the literature on automated fault detection and diagnostics methods from other systems that could potentially be applied in supermarket settings. A collection of supermarket field data is analyzed in the context of its potential use in automated fault detection and diagnostics methods from other systems. The review includes methods to categorize and assess the automated fault detection and diagnostics approaches, from the perspective of a potential adopter of automated fault detection and diagnostics technology for a supermarket setting. The article concludes that supermarket automated fault detection and diagnostics is still in the early stages of development and that there is a need to further develop automated fault detection and diagnostics methods for supermarket applications. To facilitate the development of supermarket-specific automated fault detection and diagnostics approaches, additional data sets from refrigeration equipment are needed.
Interactive dance performance evaluation using timing and accuracy similarity (2018)

This paper presents a dance performance evaluation how well a learner mimics the teacher's dance as follows. We estimate the human skeletons, then extract dance features such as torso and first and second-degree feature, and compute the similarity score between the teacher and the learner dance sequence in terms of timing and pose accuracies. To validate the proposed dance evaluation method, we conducted several experiments on a large K-Pop dance database. The proposed methods achieved 98% concordance with experts' evaluation on dance performance.
Novel Gemini Micelles from Dimeric Surfactants with Oxyethylene Spacer Chain. Small Angle Neutron Scattering and Fluorescence Studies (1998)

Three new gemini surfactants containing mono-, di-, and trioxyethylene spacer chains have been synthesized. Small angle neutron scattering (SANS) cross sections from the micellar aggregates of these dimeric amphiphiles Br-, n-C16H33NMe2+−CH2(CH2OCH2)pCH2−N+Me2-n-C16H33, Br-, (where p = 1, 2, and 3) in aqueous media (D2O) have been measured. The data have been analyzed using the Hayter and Penfold model for macro-ion solution to compute the interparticle structure factor S(Q) taking into account the screened Coulomb interactions between the dimeric micelles. The SANS analysis showed that the micellar morphology depends on both the nature and the length of the spacer unit. Detailed analysis of the data further indicates that the introduction of oxyethylene spacer is not sufficient enough to prevent looping of the spacer chain. Thus the average separation between the dimethylammonium ion headgroups is considerably lower than is expected from a fully extended conformation of the spacer chain. The micelles from these surfactants have also been characterized in terms of their critical micelle concentrations (cmc), microviscosities, and micropolarities on the basis of the information provided by micelle-solubilized fluorescent probes. These results indicate little difference in their micellar properties such as cmc, microviscosity, and micropolarity.
Challenges in implementing clinical liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry methods – seeing the light at the end of the tunnel (2013)

The use of liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) in the clinical setting is a relatively new application. One of the significant barriers hampering the transition of LC-MS/MS from the research lab into a clinical setting is the uncertainty of how to successfully develop and validate a method that meets guidelines for clinical applications. Here, we have taken this seemingly overwhelming process and broken it into five general stages for consideration: assessing the clinical validity of a new LC-MS/MS assay, determination of feasibility, assay development, assay validation and post-implementation monitoring. Although various publications are available and serve as resources for determining development processes and acceptability criteria for specific LC-MS/MS assays, many of them are general recommendations or are specific to research applications that may not translate either practically or clinically. In this perspective special feature article, a resource is compiled that describes key differences between LC-MS/MS methods for research use versus clinical use. In addition, the challenges facing the expanding role of this technique in the clinical setting are discussed, including instrumentation/automation challenges, potential regulation of laboratory developed tests by the US Food and Drug Administration and standardization and harmonization of MS methods through the use of traceable materials and availability of guidance documents.