gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Solid Phase Adsorption of Crystal Violet Lactone on Silica Nanoparticles to Probe Mechanochemical Surface Modification (2008)

The solid phase adsorption of crystal violet lactone (CVL) on five types of Stober silica nanopowders with BET specific surface areas in the range of 50-800 m2/g under dry milling conditions was described for the first time. The hydrogen bonding between surface silanol and the carboxylate of the ring-opened triphenylmethane dye (CVL+) led to the formation of monolayers of CVL+ in a flat-laid configuration. The lambda max of CVL+ in diffusive reflection visible spectra was influenced by the particle size of silica powders, suggesting that the microenvironmental polarity of adsorbed CVL+ is considerably reduced along with the decrease of the particle size. The solid phase adsorption of CVL obeyed Langmuir adsorption isotherms to give a saturated amount of CVL+ for every silica nanoparticle. The surface concentration of CVL+ on nanoparticles at the saturation was estimated to be 0.31 mg/m2 on average, disclosing that about 52% of the surface can be covered by CVL+ under the assumption that the BET-specific surface areas are equivalent to the real surfaces active for the CVL adsorption. The generation of the blue color of CVL provided a convenient means to estimate qualitative and quantitative analysis of the surface coverage with surface-active reagents, which conceal surface silanols. Subsequently, silica nanoparticles were milled with a surface modifier, followed by milling with CVL to observe the intensity of the blue color in order to disclose that the surface coverage with oligo- and polyethylene glycols as well as with nonionic surfactants by dry milling was specifically determined by the number of repeating oxyethylene units. Although the surface-active reagents were easily desorbed in water, the desorption was notably suppressed by milling with CVL, suggesting that the surface-modified particles with the surface-active reagents are covered with ultrathin films of CVL.
Growth hormone substitution in adult growth hormone‐deficient men augments androgen effects on the skin (1997)

GH substitution therapy to GH deficient men has an auxiliary effect on androgen action in the skin without an increase of the FAI.
An Efficient Language Model Using Double-Array Structures (2013)

N gram language models tend to increase in size with inflating the corpus size, and consume considerable resources.In this paper, we propose an efficient method for implementing ngram models based on doublearray structures.First, we propose a method for representing backwards suffix trees using double-array structures and demonstrate its efficiency.Next, we propose two optimization methods for improving the efficiency of data representation in the double-array structures.Embedding probabilities into unused spaces in double-array structures reduces the model size.Moreover, tuning the word IDs in the language model makes the model smaller and faster.We also show that our method can be used for building large language models using the division method.Lastly, we show that our method outperforms methods based on recent related works from the viewpoints of model size and query speed when both optimization methods are used.
Induction of expression of cell-surface homologous restriction factor upon anti-CD3 stimulation of human peripheral lymphocytes. (1988)

Homologous restriction factor (HRF) is a 65-kDa membrane protein that inhibits transmembrane channel formation by the membrane-attack complex of complement and by the complement component C9-related cytolytic lymphocyte protein. Stimulation of resting peripheral human lymphocytes with the anti-CD3 monoclonal antibody OKT3 has been shown to induce cytotoxicity in the CD8+ subpopulation. As demonstrated here, OKT3 stimulation also induces expression of cell-surface HRF by CD4+ and CD8+ T lymphocytes. The small proportion of Leu 19+ natural killer lymphocytes present in peripheral blood mononuclear cells was found to express HRF prior to stimulation. Whereas unstimulated peripheral blood mononuclear cells were susceptible to lysis by the membrane-attack complex or by the C9-related protein, OKT3-stimulated peripheral blood mononuclear cells were relatively resistant to both the membrane-attack complex and C9-related protein. This acquired resistance was abrogated by blocking surface HRF with F(ab')2 anti-HRF, suggesting that resistance was due to lymphocyte-membrane HRF. By using solid-phase anti-HRF, a 65-kDa protein was isolated from the activated peripheral blood mononuclear cells and shown to be capable of conferring upon sheep erythrocytes the characteristic activity of human HRF.
ADVANCED DESIGNS FOR SIDE IMPACT AND ROLLOVER PROTECTION (1998)

Every year in the US about 8,000 fatalities occur in side impacts, and about 9,500 fatalities occur in vehicle rollovers. Severe head trauma and spinal cord injuries are the prevalent traumatic injuries that are directly related to the extent of inward crushing or intrusion into the occupant's survival space and to the rigidity and shape of interior edges and surfaces. Based on accident evaluations and assessment of available technologies, there are feasible and practical advanced design features for vehicle bodies and interiors that can concurrently enhance both side-impact protection and rollover roof-integrity protection|: strengthened vehicle body; strengthened doors; multi-layer laminated floorpans; roof tubular members; wrap-around stronger seats; energy-absorbent closed-cell padding; side airbags and side window glass-plastic glazing. (A) For the covering abstract see IRRD E102514.
Characterization of Commingled Reservoir Properties with Production Logs (2006)

Abstract This paper presents the results of an investigation concerning the development of a reliable and accurate technique for establishing the stabilized deliverability performance of multi-layer commingled systems using multirate production log measurements. Both linear and non-linear systems are addressed in this paper, providing a basis for the analysis of reservoirs exhibiting Darcy and non-Darcy flow, respectively. Extension of the conventional Selective Inflow Performance analysis is also presented in this paper to obtain estimates of the formation and well completion properties such as effective permeability, radial flow steady state damage /stimulation skin effect, and non-Darcy flow coefficient. In the specific case where the deliverability performance of a vertically fractured well is considered, estimates of the effective fracture half-length and average fracture conductivity may be derived from the analysis. In cases where the multirate deliverability tests are performed under boundary dominated flow conditions, conventional deliverability analysis techniques may also be employed to derive estimates of the reservoir drainage area in addition to the well and reservoir parameters that can be obtained in a transient flow analysis. Applications of the analyses reported in this paper demonstrate the use of the analyses to evaluate the inflow performance measurements of commingled multi-layer reservoirs obtained using multi-rate production logs.
Rapid turnover of phosphatidylinositol 3-phosphate in the green alga <i>Chlamydomonas eugametos</i>: signs of a phosphatidylinositide 3-kinase signalling pathway in lower plants? (1994)

When Chlamydomonas eugametos gametes were incubated in carrier-free [32P]P1, the label was rapidly incorporated into PtdInsP and PtdInsP2 and, after reaching a maximum within minutes, was chased out by recirculating unlabelled P1 in the cell. This pulse-chase labelling pattern reflects their rapid turnover. In contrast, 32P incorporation into the structural lipids was slow and continued for hours. Of the radioactivity in the PtdInsP spot, 15% was in PtdIns3P and the rest in PtdIns4P, and of that in the PtdInsP2 spot, 1% was in PtdIns(3,4)P2 and the rest in PtdIns(4,5)P2, confirming the findings by Irvine, Letcher, Stephens and Musgrave [(1992) Biochem. J. 281, 269-266]. When cells were labelled with carrier-free [32P]P1, both PtdInsP isomers incorporated label in a pulse-chase-type pattern, demonstrating for the first time in a plant or animal system that D-3 poly-phosphoinositides turn over rapidly in non-stimulated cells, with kinetics similar to those shown by the D-4 isomers. In animal systems such lipids are already established as signalling molecules, and the data suggest that a similar role must be sought for them in lower plants such as Chlamydomonas.
Pore-scale modeling of saturated permeabilities in random sphere packings (2001)

We use two pore-scale approaches, lattice-Boltzmann (LB) and pore-network modeling, to simulate single-phase flow in simulated sphere packings that vary in porosity and sphere-size distribution. For both modeling approaches, we determine the size of the representative elementary volume with respect to the permeability. Permeabilities obtained by LB modeling agree well with Rumpf and Gupte's experiments in sphere packings for small Reynolds numbers. The LB simulations agree well with the empirical Ergun equation for intermediate but not for small Reynolds numbers. We suggest a modified form of Ergun's equation to describe both low and intermediate Reynolds number flows. The pore-network simulations agree well with predictions from the effective-medium approximation but underestimate the permeability due to the simplified representation of the porous media. Based on LB simulations in packings with log-normal sphere-size distributions, we suggest a permeability relation with respect to the porosity, as well as the mean and standard deviation of the sphere diameter.
A study of children’s relationship with making and use of CAD in collaborative, informal environments and the implications for institutional learning environments (2023)

In this article, the researchers investigate different ways in which school age, 'generation net' children learn, through non-linear, mediated, collaborative ‘making’ environments, enabled by informal club settings and online ‘builder’ gaming and groups. In addition to this, the study will investigate these learning methods in relation to children’s future attitudes to formal education and their engagement with the ethos of open access digital fabrication facilities. The research will draw upon primary sources including the observation and analysis of children who attend 3D printing clubs created by one of the authors. These clubs are aimed at children who are just starting their formal school education, from the age of six. The clubs are informal and relaxed to allow a great deal of creative freedom. The children have access to 3D printers, CAD software and 3D printing pens to allow them to explore the technology and design process in different ways. They can choose to work together or alone, and can participate in the group discussion in an unforced way. This research will conclude by analysing the educational benefits of informal shared design practices and digital fabrication making processes and how they could be used in the learning spaces of the future.
Paraneoplastic cerebellar degeneration mimicking development of secondary progressive multiple sclerosis in a patient with relapsing–remitting multiple sclerosis (2010)

Paraneoplastic cerebellar degeneration (PCD) is a rare non-metastatic complication of cancer mediated by T lymphocytes and auto-antibodies directed against Purkinje cells of the cerebellum. We report a patient with relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis who developed a progressive cerebellar syndrome with dysarthria, ataxic gait and vertigo mimicking development of secondary progressive multiple sclerosis but caused by anti-Yo antibody positive PCD associated with ovarian cancer, presenting an unusual diagnostic challenge.
Simultaneous analysis of oxidized and reduced glutathione in cell extracts by capillary zone electrophoresis (2002)

Glutathione (GSH) and glutathione disulfide (GSSG) levels in cells constitute a thiol redox system. They can be used as an indicator of oxidative stress of the cell. In this study, a capillary zone electrophoresis (CZE) method is described that enables quantitation of GSH and GSSG from cellular extracts. The CZE buffer used was 20 mM ammonium acetate containing 5% (v/v) acetic acid at pH 3.1 in conjunction with a polybrene coated capillary operated in reverse polarity mode. Effects of different acids used to prepare cell samples were investigated on CZE performance. The acids include meta phosphoric acid (MPA), trichloroacetic acid (TCA), phosphoric acid (PA) and sulfosalicylic acid (SSA) and are used to stabilize GSH and GSSG before performing CZE analysis. The method features a limit of detection of 4 microM and a limit of quantitation of 12 microM for both GSSG and GSH and recoveries of 94% for GSH and 100% for GSSG. Quantitative analysis of GSSG and GSH in HaCaT cell extracts (5% SSA, w/v) was performed with this method and changes in the ratio of GSH to GSSG in N-ethylmaleimide treated cell sample was observed by comparing with control cell samples.
Stud hardware with self-contained stud anti-rotation feature and method of installing studs (2023)

Disclosed herein is a method and apparatus for preventing the rotation of a stud member during preloading. The apparatus comprises a stud member having a shaft portion extending into the member to be clamped and a hex or double hex portion carrying a locking nut. Extending outward from the hex or double hex portion of the stud there is a threaded portion carrying a nut which is torqued to preload the stud. Between the locking nut and the member to be clamped is a locking ring which engages the locking nut to prevent the stud from rotating during preloading. Also disclosed is a method of preloading a stud without the use of an external restraint to prevent the stud from rotating when a torque is applied.
Channel Independent Cryptographic Key Distribution (2012)

This paper presents a method of cryptographic key distribution using an `artificially' noisy channel. This is an important development because, while it is known that a noisy channel can be used to generate unconditional secrecy, there are many circumstances in which it is not possible to have a noisy information exchange, such as in error corrected communication stacks. It is shown that two legitimate parties can simulate a noisy channel by adding local noise onto the communication and that the simulated channel has a secrecy capacity even if the underlying channel does not. A derivation of the secrecy conditions is presented along with numerical simulations of the channel function to show that key exchange is feasible.
Success of Murine Embryo Transfer Increased by a Modified Transfer Pipette (2009)

Embryos transfer is one of the most critical steps for generating genetically modified mice. Because of the limitations of the current transfer equipment and techniques, such as discharge of freshly transferred embryos and the necessity of sophisticated transfer skills, the success ratio of implantation may not well satisfy the requirements for mass production of high quality animals in the field of genetically modified mice. In this study, we describe a modified embryo transfer pipette with a syringe-like tip that can easily be applied to mouse embryo transfer. Using this improved method, we show that the procedures for mouse embryo implantation are simplified and easier to perform; moreover, the viability rate of mouse embryos is 20% higher than that achieved with conventional methods. Our modified tool and improved transfer technique are effective, time-saving and less invasive, resulting in increased success of embryo transfer.
Medical loss ratio requirements under the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act. Final rule. (2012)

This final rule amends the regulations implementing medical loss ratio (MLR) standards for health insurance issuers under the Public Health Service Act in order to establish notice requirements for issuers in the group and individual markets that meet or exceed the applicable MLR standard in the 2011 MLR reporting year.
Optimal Nonlinear Passage Through a Quantum Critical Point (2008)

We analyze the problem of optimal adiabatic passage through a quantum critical point. We show that to minimize the number of defects the tuning parameter should be changed as a power law in time. The optimal power is proportional to the logarithm of the total passage time multiplied by universal critical exponents characterizing the phase transition. We support our results by the general scaling analysis and by explicit calculations for the transverse-field Ising model.
A Method of Separating Short-circuit Gas from Exhaust Gas in a Two-stroke Cycle Gasoline Engine (A Good Use of Exhaust Gas) (1987)

Methode permettant de separer les gaz frais et les gaz brules dans un moteur a essence a deux temps et donc de bien utiliser les gaz d'echappement
Nonlinear and Mixed-Integer Optimization: Fundamentals and Applications (1995)

Introduction 1. Convex Analysis 2. Fundamentals of Nonlinear Operations 3. Duality Theory 4. Mixed-Integer Linear Optimization 5. Mixed-Integer Nonlinear Optimization 6. Process Synthesis 7. Heat Exchanger Network Synthesis 8. Distillation-Based Separation Systems Synthesis 9. Synthesis of Reactor Networks and Reactor-Separator-Recycle Systems
Solution Structure and Functional Characterization of Jingzhaotoxin-XI:  A Novel Gating Modifier of both Potassium and Sodium Channels<sup>,</sup> (2006)

JZTX-XI is a peptide toxin isolated from the venom of the Chinese spider Chilobrachys jingzhao. It contains 34 residues including six cysteine residues with disulfide bridges linked in the pattern of I-IV, II-V, and III-VI. Using 3'- and 5'-RACE methods, the full-length cDNA was identified as encoding an 86-residue precursor of JZTX-XI. In the electrophysiological assay, JZTX-XI shows activity toward the Kv2.1 channel in a way similar to hanatoxin1 and SGTx1 that both the activation and the deactivation processes are affected, which is in accordance with the high sequence homology among them (over 60% identity). On the other hand, JZTX-XI also exhibits specific interaction against the Nav channels of rat cardiac myocytes with a significant reduction in the peak current and slowing of channel inactivation. The solution structure of native JZTX-XI was determined by 1H NMR methods to identify the structural basis of these specific activities. Structural comparison of JZTX-XI with other gating modifier toxins shows that they all adopt a similar surface profile, a hydrophobic patch surrounded by charged residues such as Arg or Lys, which might be a common structural factor responsible for toxin-channel interaction. JZTX-XI might be an ideal tool to further investigate how spider toxins recognize various ion channels as their targets.
Implementation and evaluation of a calculated attenuation correction for PET (1992)

The authors have developed a highly reliable and consistent method for automated calculated attenuation correction for positron emission tomography (PET). The method is based on estimating the object contour from the emission sinograms. The method relies on a robust algorithm to determine the border between activity and scatter background. The algorithm has been applied to brain studies with a variety of tracers and uptake distributions. The method has been tested in nearly 300 brain studies and shown to accurately find the object routine, regardless of the tracer used and the activity distribution. The method has been successfully extended for use in abdominal studies and with 3D acquisition data.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus Replication Inhibitor That Interferes with the Nucleic Acid Unwinding of the Viral Helicase (2012)

Severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) is a highly contagious disease, caused by SARS coronavirus (SARS-CoV), for which there are no approved treatments. We report the discovery of a potent inhibitor of SARS-CoV that blocks replication by inhibiting the unwinding activity of the SARS-CoV helicase (nsp13). We used a Förster resonance energy transfer (FRET)-based helicase assay to screen the Maybridge Hitfinder chemical library. We identified and validated a compound (SSYA10-001) that specifically blocks the double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) and dsDNA unwinding activities of nsp13, with 50% inhibitory concentrations (IC(50)s) of 5.70 and 5.30 μM, respectively. This compound also has inhibitory activity (50% effective concentration [EC(50)] = 8.95 μM) in a SARS-CoV replicon assay, with low cytotoxicity (50% cytotoxic concentration [CC(50)] = >250 μM), suggesting that the helicase plays a still unidentified critical role in the SARS-CoV life cycle. Enzyme kinetic studies on the mechanism of nsp13 inhibition revealed that SSYA10-001 acts as a noncompetitive inhibitor of nsp13 with respect to nucleic acid and ATP substrates. Moreover, SSYA10-001 does not affect ATP hydrolysis or nsp13 binding to the nucleic acid substrate. SSYA10-001 did not inhibit hepatitis C virus (HCV) helicase, other bacterial and viral RNA-dependent RNA polymerases, or reverse transcriptase. These results suggest that SSYA10-001 specifically blocks nsp13 through a novel mechanism and is less likely to interfere with the functions of cellular enzymes that process nucleic acids or ATP. Hence, it is possible that SSYA10-001 inhibits unwinding by nsp13 by affecting conformational changes during the course of the reaction or translocation on the nucleic acid. SSYA10-001 will be a valuable tool for studying the specific role of nsp13 in the SARS-CoV life cycle, which could be a model for other nidoviruses and also a candidate for further development as a SARS antiviral target.
Design of high speed Sense Amplifier for SRAM (2014)

1kb static random access memory (SRAM) is designed and tested for correct read and write operation. Novel Sense Amplifier (SA) circuit for 1kb SRAM are presented and analysed in this paper. Sense amplifier using decoupled latch with current controlled architecture is proposed and compared with Current controlled latch SA using 90nm CMOS technology. Delay and power dissipation in proposed SA is 21.5% and 18.5% less than that of current controlled SA. The maximum operating frequency of the SRAM is found as 1.25GHz.
Identification and Biosynthesis of Cyclic Enterobacterial Common Antigen in <i>Escherichia coli</i> (2003)

Phosphoglyceride-linked enterobacterial common antigen (ECA(PG)) is a cell surface glycolipid that is synthesized by all gram-negative enteric bacteria. The carbohydrate portion of ECA(PG) consists of linear heteropolysaccharide chains comprised of the trisaccharide repeat unit Fuc4NAc-ManNAcA-GlcNAc, where Fuc4NAc is 4-acetamido-4,6-dideoxy-D-galactose, ManNAcA is N-acetyl-D-mannosaminuronic acid, and GlcNAc is N-acetyl-D-glucosamine. The potential reducing terminal GlcNAc residue of each polysaccharide chain is linked via phosphodiester linkage to a phosphoglyceride aglycone. We demonstrate here the occurrence of a water-soluble cyclic form of enterobacterial common antigen, ECA(CYC), purified from Escherichia coli strains B and K-12 with solution nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy, electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (ESI-MS), and additional biochemical methods. The ECA(CYC) molecules lacked an aglycone and contained four trisaccharide repeat units that were nonstoichiometrically substituted with up to four O-acetyl groups. ECA(CYC) was not detected in mutant strains that possessed null mutations in the wecA, wecF, and wecG genes of the wec gene cluster. These observations corroborate the structural data obtained by NMR and ESI-MS analyses and show for the first time that the trisaccharide repeat units of ECA(CYC) and ECA(PG) are assembled by a common biosynthetic pathway.