gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Polysaccharide production benefits dry storage survival of the biocontrol agent<i>Pseudomonas fluorescens</i>S11:P:12 effective against several maladies of stored potatoes (2010)

Abstract Pseudomonas fluorescens S11:P:12 (NRRL B-21133) is a biological control agent able to suppress several potato diseases and sprouting. Notably, it produces a polysaccharide during liquid cultivation, and the objective of this work was to determine the role of this material in the bio-control process. First, the polysaccharide was isolated, purified and identified as marginalan, which accumulated to ~3.3 g/L in cultures. The bioactivity of isolated marginalan applied alone or in combination with washed cells of strain S11:P:12 was tested in potato bioassays of dry rot and pink rot suppressiveness and sprout inhibition. Since the formulation and storage of a dried biocontrol product is preferred for commercial use, the impact of marginalan on cell survival during drying and storage was also studied. Washed bacteria formulated with 0–6.6 g/L polysaccharide were either applied to Hyflo granules, then slowly dried for 24 h with airflow at 50–60% relative humidity, or in 1-µL droplets placed in replicate wells of a micro-plate, then quickly dried for 1 h in a biohazard hood. Both Hyflo and micro-plate dry storage results indicated that marginalan significantly reduced cell death after drying, such that the final stable viable cell density was 2.5–5 orders of magnitude greater, respectively, than if no marginalan were included with cells. Marginalan had no significant impact on disease or sprout suppression by strain S11:P:12, and its main benefit to biocontrol was viable cell preservation during drying and storage. When marginalan was formulated with other selected P. fluorescens strains, its benefits to drying and storage survival were again evident (especially after 4°C instead of 25°C storage), but its effects were more subtle than for strain S11:P:12, and dry rot suppression was not impacted. Keywords: Solanum tuberosum gram-negative bacteriabiological controlsprout inhibitorbiological fungicidelate blightdry rotpink rotmicrobial exopolysaccharidemarginalancell survivaldry storage Acknowledgements We thank Maureen Shea-Andersh, Julie Byrd, Jennifer Sloan, and Valerie Kaeding for excellent scientific support given to this project. We are also indebted to Dr Mark Jackson and Angela Payne for their expertise and help in setting up the air-drying chamber methodologies used in the Hyflo formulation method of assaying bacterial survival after dry storage. Notes Disclaimer: The mention of trade names or commercial products in this article is solely for the purpose of providing specific information and does not imply recommendation or endorsement by the U.S. Department of Agriculture
Sensor Transforms for Invariant Image Enhancement (2002)

The invariant image [1, 2] formed from an RGB image taken under light that can be approximated as Planckian solves the colour constancy problem at a single pixel. The invariant is a very useful tool for possible use in a large number of computer vision problems, such as removal of shadows from images [3]. This image is formed by projecting log-log chromaticity coordinates into a 1D direction determined by a calibration of the imaging camera. The invariant can be formed whether or not gammacorrection is applied to images and thus can work for ordinary webcam images, for example, once a self-calibration is carried out [3]. As such, the invariant image is an important new mechanism for image understanding. Since the resulting greyscale image is approximately independent of illumination, it is impervious to lighting change and hence to the presence of shadows. However, in forming the invariant image, it can sometimes happen that shadows are not completely removed. Here, we consider the problem of simple matrixing of sensor values so that the resulting invariant image is improved. To do so, we consider the calibration images and apply an optimization routine for establishing a 3 × 3 matrix to apply to the sensors, prior to forming the invariant, with an eye to improving lighting invariance. We find that an optimization does indeed improve the invariant. The resulting image generally has smaller entropy value because the invariant value is smoothed out across former shadow boundaries; thus the new invariant more smoothly captures the underlying intrinsic reflectance properties in the scene.
Integrated High-Speed Photodetector Array for SDM Communications (2019)

We present a two-dimensional high speed photodetector array as a platform technology in receivers, and its applications in space division multiplexing fiber communications, digital coherent direct detection, and free space optical communications.
Nanostructured sapphire optical fiber for sensing in harsh environments (2017)

We describe an innovative and scalable strategy of transforming a commercial unclad sapphire optical fiber to an allalumina nanostructured sapphire optical fiber (NSOF) that overcomes decades-long challenges faced in the field of sapphire fiber optics. The strategy entails fiber coating with metal Al followed by subsequent anodization to form anodized alumina oxide (AAO) cladding of highly organized pore channel structure. We show that Ag nanoparticles entrapped in AAO show excellent structural and morphological stability and less susceptibility to oxidation for potential high-temperature surface-enhanced Raman Scattering (SERS). We reveal, with aid of numerical simulations, that the AAO cladding greatly increases the evanescent-field overlap both in power and extent and that lower porosity of AAO results in higher evanescent-field overlap. This work has opened the door to new sapphire fiber-based sensor design and sensor architecture.
Origin of the refractive-index increase in laser-written waveguides in glasses (2008)

We present firm evidence that the mechanism for the refractive-index increase in fused silica caused by irradiation with ultrafast intense laser pulses is the densification of glass. This conclusion is based on the correlation observed between the refractive-index values in waveguides in silica produced by focused femtosecond laser pulses and the shift of the central frequency of ω4 (TO) band (Si–O stretching mode) in micro-Raman spectra. These data were compared with the relation of the Raman shift to density and to refractive index changes in glasses modified by high pressure or irradiation. We conclude that the measured refractive-index increase in silica waveguides can be explained by densification of glass and exclude other hypothesis such as fictive-temperature effect, color center formation, etc.
Design and Testing of a Functional Arm Orthosis in Patients With Neuromuscular Diseases (2007)

The objective of this study was to determine the utility of a passive gravity-balanced arm orthosis, the Wilmington robotic exoskeleton (WREX), for patients with neuromuscular diseases. The WREX, a four-degrees-of-freedom functional orthosis, is energized by rubber bands to eliminate gravity and is attached to the wheelchair. The development and clinical testing of WREX is described in this report. Seventeen patients (14 boys and 3 girls) with muscular disabilities participated in the study. Ages ranged from 4 to 20 years. Criteria for inclusion included a weakened arm, use of a wheelchair, the ability to grasp and release objects, and the ability to provide feedback on device use. Testing consisted of administering the Jebsen test of hand function without WREX and then testing again after approximately two weeks of wearing the WREX orthosis. The timed results of each task within the test then were compared. Specific tasks related to vertical movement required less time to perform with the WREX. A large number of subjects were able to perform the Jebsen tasks with the WREX, where they were unable to perform the task without the WREX. Patients can benefit from WREX because it increases their performance in daily living activities and makes many tasks possible. The range-of-motion in the patients' arms increased considerably, while the time required to complete some of the Jebsen test tasks decreased. Most patients were very receptive to WREX, although a few were ambivalent.
Optimal Sequential Paging in Cellular Networks (2001)

In a high-capacity cellular network with limited spectral resources, it is desirable to minimize the radio bandwidth costs associated with paging when locating mobile users. Sequential paging, in which cells in the coverage area are partitioned into groups and paged in a non-increasing order of user location probabilities, permits a reduction in the average radio costs of paging at the expense of greater delay in locating the users. We present a polynomial time algorithm for minimizing paging cost under the average delay constraint, a problem that has previously been considered intractable. We show the conditions under which cluster paging, a simple heuristic technique proposed for use with dynamic location update schemes, is optimal. We also present analytical results on the average delay and paging cost obtained with sequential paging, including tight bounds.
Derivation of Pole Configuration in Switched Reluctance Machines (2019)

A Switched Reluctance Machine (SRM) is identified by the number of stator poles and number of rotor poles. An SRM has salient poles both on the stator and the rotor. When an electrical phase is energized with constant current, the electromagnetic torque is dependent on the relative position between the stator and rotor poles. Depending on the number of stator and rotor poles, each stator pole has a certain electrical position. The center of axis for each of the stator and rotor poles stands at a certain mechanical angle. A switched reluctance machine will have a locked rotor condition when all phases are at either an unaligned position or aligned position. In some certain cases, even though the SRM configuration is symmetric and balanced, different phases might have the same electrical angle. These phases are connected to different electrical circuits, but they can be excited with the same current.
Molecular electronics sensors on a scalable semiconductor chip: A platform for single-molecule measurement of binding kinetics and enzyme activity (2022)

For nearly 50 years, the vision of using single molecules in circuits has been seen as providing the ultimate miniaturization of electronic chips. An advanced example of such a molecular electronics chip is presented here, with the important distinction that the molecular circuit elements play the role of general-purpose single-molecule sensors. The device consists of a semiconductor chip with a scalable array architecture. Each array element contains a synthetic molecular wire assembled to span nanoelectrodes in a current monitoring circuit. A central conjugation site is used to attach a single probe molecule that defines the target of the sensor. The chip digitizes the resulting picoamp-scale current-versus-time readout from each sensor element of the array at a rate of 1,000 frames per second. This provides detailed electrical signatures of the single-molecule interactions between the probe and targets present in a solution-phase test sample. This platform is used to measure the interaction kinetics of single molecules, without the use of labels, in a massively parallel fashion. To demonstrate broad applicability, examples are shown for probe molecule binding, including DNA oligos, aptamers, antibodies, and antigens, and the activity of enzymes relevant to diagnostics and sequencing, including a CRISPR/Cas enzyme binding a target DNA, and a DNA polymerase enzyme incorporating nucleotides as it copies a DNA template. All of these applications are accomplished with high sensitivity and resolution, on a manufacturable, scalable, all-electronic semiconductor chip device, thereby bringing the power of modern chips to these diverse areas of biosensing.
Polysubstituted Pyrimidines as Potent Inhibitors of Prostaglandin E<sub>2</sub> Production: Increasing Aqueous Solubility (2021)

Water solubility is one of the key features of potential therapeutic agents. In order to enhance the low water solubility of the parent 5-butyl-4-(4-methoxyphenyl)-6-phenylpyrimidin-2-amine, a potent inhibitor of prostaglandin E<sub>2</sub> (PGE<sub>2</sub> ) production, we synthesized and evaluated a new series of derivatives in which the butyl group at the C5 position of the pyrimidine ring was replaced with a less lipophilic substituent, preferably with a hydrophilic aliphatic moiety. Except for the 5-cyanopyrimidine derivative, all target compounds exhibited increased (2.7-87-fold) water solubility relative to the parent compound. Although nontoxic in mouse peritoneal cells, the prepared compounds were either equipotent or weaker inhibitors of PGE<sub>2</sub> production than the parent compound. The most promising compound from the series was found to be the 5-(2,5,8,11-tetraoxadodecyl)pyrimidine derivative (with three polyethylene glycol units at the C5 position), which exhibited 32-fold higher water solubility and only slightly weaker inhibitory activity (22 % of remaining PGE<sub>2</sub> production) compared with the parent compound (15 % of remaining PGE<sub>2</sub> production).
A high-accuracy and low-complexity phasor estimation method for PMU calibration (2020)

Due to the increasing development of renewables in power systems, the requirements for phasor measurement units (PMUs) become higher. A PMU calibrator is an important tool to test and calibrate PMUs to ensure their measurement performance. This device can provide accurate reference values for error analysis of PMUs. In this paper, a phasor algorithm with low computational complexity and high accuracy is proposed for the PMU calibrator. This method reduces the processor requirements and development cost of the calibrator, thereby facilitating its popularization. At first, an enhanced discrete Fourier transform (DFT) method is put forward: 1) the frequency response of the windowed DFT method is analyzed to reveal its large measurement errors under dynamic conditions; 2) the parameter requirements of the DFT window that is regarded as a lowpass filter are analyzed, and thus a lowpass filter with better filtering performance is designed as the window coefficients to improve the estimation accuracy. Then, based on the enhanced DFT algorithm, a calibrator algorithm framework consisting of two-stage filters and signal recognition module is established. This algorithm can consider the anti-interference ability and dynamic measurement accuracy at a low reporting rate. Simulation and experimental test results show that the proposed calibrator algorithm provides high-accuracy measurements of the static and dynamic signals with low computational complexity.
Low-cost, high-resolution, single-structure array telescopes for imaging of low-Earth-orbit satellites (1992)

Telescopes that are designed for the unconventional imaging of near-Earth satellites must follow unique design rules. The costs must be reduced substantially over those of the conventional telescope designs, and the design must accommodate a technique to circumvent atmospheric distortion of the image. Apertures of 12 m and more along with altitude-altitude mounts that provide high tracking rates are required. A novel design for such a telescope, optimized for speckle imaging, has been generated. Its mount closely resembles a radar mount, and it does not use the conventional dome. Costs for this design are projected to be considerably lower than those for the conventional designs. Results of a design study are presented with details of the electro-optical and optical designs.
Optical Doppler tomography (1999)

Optical Doppler tomography (ODT) is an imaging modality that takes advantage of the short coherence length of a broad-band light sources to perform micrometer-scale, cross-sectional imaging of tissue structure and blood flow dynamics simultaneously. The authors review in this paper the principal of ODT and its applications. Results from in vitro and in vivo model studies demonstrated that ODT can map the blood flow velocity profile with high spatial resolution in scattering medium. ODT detection mechanisms are illustrated using Monte Carlo simulations. The application of ODT to image brain hemodynamics is demonstrated. Finally, the authors discuss the limitations of the current technology and application of a phase resolved technique to improve image speed and quality.
Resynchronization therapy optimization by intracardiac impedance (2010)

The feasibility of optimizing LV lead site, AVd, and VVd by intracardiac impedance has been demonstrated for CRT patients with a similar performance as using SV and PP. Application of intracardiac impedance for automatic implant-based CRT optimization appears to be within reach.
An experimental thermoacoustically driven thermoacoustic refrigerator (1996)

The construction of a thermoacoustically (heat) driven, thermoacoustic refrigerator (TADTAR) is nearing completion. The design utilizes a novel resonator topology and high-efficiency primary heat exchangers. Numerical models suggest a cooling power level of at least 500 W over a temperature span of 40 °C. The design should be easily scalable to much higher cooling power levels. Experimental data characterizing the prime mover portion of the engine will be presented, possibly along with some preliminary refrigeration data. [Work supported by ONR.]
Menstrual Blood Cells Display Stem Cell–Like Phenotypic Markers and Exert Neuroprotection Following Transplantation in Experimental Stroke (2009)

Cell therapy remains an experimental treatment for neurological disorders. A major obstacle in pursuing the clinical application of this therapy is finding the optimal cell type that will allow benefit to a large patient population with minimal complications. A cell type that is a complete match of the transplant recipient appears as an optimal scenario. Here, we report that menstrual blood may be an important source of autologous stem cells. Immunocytochemical assays of cultured menstrual blood reveal that they express embryonic-like stem cell phenotypic markers (Oct4, SSEA, Nanog), and when grown in appropriate conditioned media, express neuronal phenotypic markers (Nestin, MAP2). In order to test the therapeutic potential of these cells, we used the in vitro stroke model of oxygen glucose deprivation (OGD) and found that OGD-exposed primary rat neurons that were co-cultured with menstrual blood-derived stem cells or exposed to the media collected from cultured menstrual blood exhibited significantly reduced cell death. Trophic factors, such as VEGF, BDNF, and NT-3, were up-regulated in the media of OGD-exposed cultured menstrual blood-derived stem cells. Transplantation of menstrual blood-derived stem cells, either intracerebrally or intravenously and without immunosuppression, after experimentally induced ischemic stroke in adult rats also significantly reduced behavioral and histological impairments compared to vehicle-infused rats. Menstrual blood-derived cells exemplify a source of "individually tailored" donor cells that completely match the transplant recipient, at least in women. The present neurostructural and behavioral benefits afforded by transplanted menstrual blood-derived cells support their use as a stem cell source for cell therapy in stroke.
Spatio-temporal filter for structural health monitoring (2006)

This paper considers the use of combined spatial and temporal filtering to improve the quality of a structural health monitoring (SHM) damage estimate. Many SHM systems produce two-dimensional (2-D) array data that contains structure damage estimate, which is distorted by noise from sensor sources, changing environmental conditions, and other inspection factors. We describe a filtering architecture for processing a sequence of damage estimates generated by a SHM system. We show that the approach can reduce the noise variability and enhance the damage estimate. The filter is designed as an infinite impulse response (IIR) filter in time and space and is predicated on an understanding of the point spread function for the ultrasonic interrogation. We discuss the basis for using a spatially invariant blurring operator to represent this interrogation process as well as the design of the filter. The filtering is performed in space by rejecting component of the input signal outside of the spatial frequency pass band. The filtering is also performed in time by rejecting the components of the signal outside of the dynamical pass band
Scaling wireless full-duplex in multi-cell networks (2015)

We investigate the open problem of characterizing the multiplexing gain offered by FD in a network of M cells (compared to the gain of two available on a single link). While self-interference cancellation is fundamental in realizing full duplex (FD) capability, the more challenging problem in a network-wide deployment of FD communication is a new form of uplink-downlink interference, namely UDI, caused by transmission of uplink clients on the downlink reception of other clients operating in the same frequency band during FD. We leverage spatial interference alignment (IA) as an effective approach to address UDI and characterize the scalability of the FD's multiplexing gain (in terms of M) by providing a closed-form expression. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first characterization of FD's multiplexing gain in a multi-cell network. We also provide an IA construction that can achieve the best scaling possible. Further, we extend our results to practical settings with limited number of clients and limited information sharing between access points.
IL-12 Enhances Antibody Responses to T-Independent Polysaccharide Vaccines in the Absence of T and NK Cells (1998)

Polysaccharide vaccines to encapsulated bacteria such as Neisseria meningitidis and Streptococcus pneumoniae are weakly immunogenic due to their T-independent (TI) nature. Even when converted to T-dependent forms through conjugation to foreign proteins, polysaccharides induce responses that are deficient in many respects, such as induction of murine IgG2a Ab, the isotype that mediates optimal complement fixation and opsonization. We now show that IL-12 treatment of mice induces significantly increased levels of IgG2a Ab to the model TI-2 Ag, DNP-Ficoll, and to vaccines composed of polysaccharides from pneumococci and meningococci. Use of immunodeficient mice lacking T cells and/or NK cells demonstrated that such cells were not responsible for the observed Ab enhancement. Furthermore, the use of IFN-gamma knockout mice showed that stimulation of TI-2 Ab responses by IL-12 was only partially dependent on IFN-gamma. The ability of IL-12 to dramatically enhance TI Ab responses suggests that IL-12 will be useful as a powerful vaccine adjuvant to induce protective immune responses against encapsulated pathogens.
A Pilot Study of the Novel J-PET Plastic Scintillator with 2-(4-styrylphenyl)benzoxazole as a Wavelength Shifter (2015)

For the rst time a molecule of 2-(4-styrylphenyl)benzoxazole containing benzoxazole and stilbene groups is applied as a scintillator dopant acting as a wavelength shifter. In this article a light yield of the plastic scintillator, prepared from styrene doped with 2 wt% of 2,5-diphenylbenzoxazole and 0.03 wt% of 2-(4-styrylphenyl)benzoxazole, is determined to be as large as 60% 2% of the anthracene light output. There is a potential to improve this value in the future by the optimization of the additives concentrations.