gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
New photopolymer materials for holographic data storage (2002)

Photopolymer materials have significant advantages making them suitable for applications as holographic data storage media. They provide phase holograms, which are very attractive since they can achieve very high diffraction efficiency. It is often desirable to provide an in-situ recording of holographic recording with different lasers sources. Diffractive optical elements (DOEs) attract great interest and holographic photopolymer dispersed liquid crystals (H-PDLC) are emerging as very promising for these applications. Recently, such materials have been sensitized to be sensitive in the near infrared region of light. The characterization of these materials is an important challenge that can result in a better understanding of the holographic grating formation photochemical process. These steps are important in order to reach the fabrication of more efficient DOEs. Since, these materials have self-developing properties (via free radical photopolymerization), the growth curve of the diffraction efficiency can be monitored as it is being recorded. We are interested in (and we actually study) holographic recording characteristics of our photopolymers, which include diffraction efficiency (in transmission and reflection modes), modulation transfer function, sensitivity, recording linearity, shrinkage, stability, etc. The corresponding details will be reported at the conference meeting.
Abstract 190: Potential Mechanism for Improved Neurological Survival After Cardiac Arrest After Treatment with Active Compression-Decompression Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation Combined with Augmentation of Negative Intrathoracic Pressure (2011)

Objective: Active compression decompression (ACD) CPR with augmentation of negative intrathoracic pressure using an impedance threshold device (ITD) has been previously shown to enhance refilling of the heart and improve neurologically intact survival when compared with standard (S) CPR. To study the neuroprotective effects of ACD CPR + ITD, we tested the hypothesis that this new approach improves brain perfusion by reducing intracranial pressure (ICP) during the decompression phase of CPR, thereby lowering resistance to forward flow. Methods: Following 8.5 minutes of untreated ventricular fibrillation in 9 anesthetized (100 ug/kg/min propofol) female farm pigs (29.2 ± 1.3 kg), ACD CPR + ITD or SCPR was initiated in random order for 5 minutes followed by 5 additional minutes of CPR with the alternate method. Results: Cerebral perfusion pressures (mmHg) were improved with ACD CPR + ITD (21.9 ± 1.2) versus SCPR (8.9 ± 0.8, p<0.0001). The effects of the CPR on the absolute ICP values and the rate of ICP change during the decompression phase are shown in Table 1. Mean carotid blood flow (ml/min) in the ACD CPR + ITD group was also higher (12.0 ± 2.2 versus 8.0 ± 1.5, p=0.008). Conclusions: The increase in cerebral perfusion pressures and carotid blood flow observed with ACD CPR + ITD was associated with lower diastolic ICP values and a more rapid decrease in ICP during the decompression phase of CPR compared with SCPR. These findings support a dual mechanism for neuroprotection with ACD CPR + ITD: increased forward brain flow and decreased intracerebral resistance, allowing more time for cerebral perfusion.
Flux-coherent series SQUID array magnetometers operating above 77 K with superior white flux noise than single-SQUIDs at 4.2 K (2015)

A very promising direction to improve the sensitivity of magnetometers based on superconducting quantum interference devices (SQUIDs) is to build a series-array of N non-interacting SQUIDs operating flux-coherently, because in this case their voltage modulation depth, ΔV, linearly scales with N whereas the white flux noise SΦ1/2 decreases as 1/N1/2. Here, we report the realization of both these improvements in an advanced layout of very large SQUID arrays made of YBa2Cu3O7. Specially designed with large area narrow flux focusers for increased field sensitivity and improved flux-coherency, our arrays have extremely low values for SΦ1/2 between (0.25 and 0.44) μΦ0/Hz1/2 for temperatures in the range (77–83) K. In this respect, they outperform niobium/aluminium trilayer technology-based single-SQUIDs operating at 4.2 K. Moreover, with values for ΔV and transimpedance in the range of (10–17) mV and (0.3–2.5) kΩ, respectively, a direct connection to a low-noise room temperature amplifier is allowed, while matching for such readout is simplified and the available bandwidth is greatly increased. These landmark performances suggest such series SQUID arrays are ideal candidates to replace single-SQUIDs operating at 4.2 K in many applications.
<title>Machine-detectable copying security elements</title> (1997)

Digital graphical systems, color copiers and their increasing technology have forced the security printing industry to drastically change the ideas about security structures. Complex guilloches, screen traps, etc. do no longer provide sufficient protection and techniques based on limitations of these digital systems, like limited color reproduction or loss of certain gradation levels, are becoming more and more useless as the technology in both hard- and software moves on. A closer study of the problem immediately reveals that for both human perception and digital scanning we are dealing with signal-processing in two dimensions. The different frequency bands that are important in security design are explained and security structures are classified according to these bands. It appears that in security design we are dealing with four frequency bands: visual band, sample band, alias band and upper band. An important observation is that printed security structures, carried out in the frequency band of human perception (i.e. visible structures) do not protect against digital scanning, so protective structures must be of a higher frequency level. Some machine detectable copying security structures are treated according to their different frequency band classification. The basic idea behind the treated structures is to add to a security design some kind of modulation in the upper part of, or above the visual frequency band. With both screen angle modulation (SAM) and micro screen angle modulation ((mu) SAM) the orientation of screen lines is used as modulation, whereas with sample band image coding (SABIC) essentially we have some kind of 'screen-in-screen' modulation. Both techniques satisfy the two major conditions that have to be fulfilled for effective protection of security documents, i.e. they have to be easy to print and easy to detect.
Fabrication of Vacuum-Sealed Capacitive Micromachined Ultrasonic Transducers With Through-Glass-Via Interconnects Using Anodic Bonding (2016)

This paper presents a novel fabrication method for vacuum-sealed capacitive micromachined ultrasonic transducer (CMUT) arrays that are amenable to 3D integration. This paper demonstrates that MEMS structures can be directly built on a glass substrate with preformed through-glass-via (TGV) interconnects. The key feature of this new approach is the combination of copper through-glass interconnects with a vibrating silicon-plate structure suspended over a vacuum-sealed cavity by using anodic bonding. This method simplifies the overall fabrication process for CMUTs with through-wafer interconnects by eliminating the need for an insulating lining for vias or isolation trenches that are often employed for implementing through-wafer interconnects in silicon. Anodic bonding is a low-temperature bonding technique that tolerates high surface roughness. Fabrication of CMUTs on a glass substrate and use of copper-filled vias as interconnects reduce the parasitic interconnect capacitance and resistance, and improve device performance and reliability. A 16×16-element 2D CMUT array has been successfully fabricated. The fabricated device performs as the finite-element and equivalent circuit models predict. A TGV interconnect shows a 2-Ω parasitic resistance and a 20-fF shunt parasitic capacitance for 250-μm via pitch. A critical achievement presented in this paper is the sealing of the CMUT cavities in vacuum using a PECVD silicon nitride layer. By mechanically isolating the via structure from the active cells, vacuum sealing can be ensured even when hermetic sealing of the via is compromised. Vacuum sealing is confirmed by measuring the deflection of the edge-clamped thin plate of a CMUT cell under atmospheric pressure. The resonance frequency of an 8-cell 2D array element with 78-μm diameter circular cells and a 1.5-μm plate thickness is measured as 3.32 MHz at 15-V dc voltage (80% V <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">pull-in</sub> ). [2016-0200].
A new feedback carburetor with air jet collision control (1983)

A new type closed loop A/F control carburetor has been developed. In the carburetor, an air jet, a by-pass stream of an intake air flow, is made to collide with a fuel flow to suppress the flow rate. Studies were made of the basic features of the method such as fuel controlling capability and the factors affecting it from phenomenological consideration and schlieren observation. For comparison, three types of carburetors were prepared for the combination of main and idle fuel circuits. In driving mode tests on a dynamometer, a new carburetor which employs the new method for the main fuel circuit, provides 30% lower emission level than an air bleed control carburetor. Higher controlling frequencies were obtained for the new carburetors. The high controllability of the air jet collision control method is attributable to the smaller fluctuation in both the controlling air and the spouting fuel.
Multi-Phenotypic subtyping of circulating tumor cells using sequential fluorescent quenching and restaining (2016)

In tissue biopsies formalin fixed paraffin embedded cancer blocks are micro-sectioned producing multiple semi-identical specimens which are analyzed and subtyped proteomically, and genomically, with numerous biomarkers. In blood based biopsies (BBBs), blood is purified for circulating tumor cells (CTCs) and clinical utility is typically limited to cell enumeration, as only 2-3 positive fluorescent markers and 1 negative marker can be used. As such, increasing the number of subtyping biomarkers on each individual CTC could dramatically enhance the clinical utility of BBBs, allowing in depth interrogation of clinically relevant CTCs. We describe a simple and inexpensive method for quenching the specific fluors of fluorescently stained CTCs followed by sequential restaining with additional biomarkers. As proof of principle a CTC panel, immunosuppression panel and stem cell panel were used to sequentially subtype individual fluorescently stained patient CTCs, suggesting a simple and universal technique to analyze multiple clinically applicable immunomarkers from BBBs.
Abstract 3793: Characterization of the mechanism of action of a novel small molecule inhibitor of HSP70 (2012)

Abstract The stress-induced heat shock protein HSP70 is an ATP dependent molecular chaperone that plays a role in the folding of nascent peptides, assembly of multi-protein complexes, and transport of proteins across membranes and overall. Additionally, HSP70 has significant cytoprotective and anti-apoptotic functions. High levels of HSP70 can be found in many cancers, and are associated with poor therapeutic response and poor patient prognosis. These findings suggest that HSP70 may be a desirable molecular therapeutic target, in addition to being a useful tumor prognostic marker. Previously we demonstrated that the compound 2-phenylethynesulfonamide (PES) interacts with HSP70 and antagonizes HSP70 function by disrupting the interaction between HSP70 and its co-chaperones and client proteins. We showed that PES is toxic to cancer cells but not non-transformed cells. Moreover, PES was able to significantly extend the lifespan of mice in a Myc-driven model of lymphoma (p&lt;0.02; Leu et al., Mol Cell 36:15-27, 2009; Leu et al, Mol Can Res 9:936-47, 2011). Here we utilized binding assays, molecular modeling and in silico docking in order to predict the binding site for PES with HSP70. We were able to verify this binding site by identifying point mutants of HSP70 that fail to bind to PES. We used this information in order to predict potentially superior analogues, and we report that a novel analogue, 2-(3-chlorophenyl) ethynesulfonamide (PES-Cl) shows superior toxicity to tumor cells, and greater efficacy as an anti-cancer agent in Myc-driven lymphoma, compared to the parent compound (p&lt;0.0006). Moreover, we report that treatment with PES-Cl causes cell cycle arrest in G2/M, and that a significant fraction of tumor cells escape this checkpoint and die by apoptosis. These data implicate HSP70 in G2/M progression, and identify PES-Cl as a promising anti-cancer therapeutic. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 103rd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2012 Mar 31-Apr 4; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2012;72(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 3793. doi:1538-7445.AM2012-3793
A numerical comparison between LSSTC and VBLAST in wireless systems (2010)

In this work we evaluate a recently proposed multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) system called the Layered Steered Space-Time Codes (LSSTC) that combines the benefits of vertical Bell Labs space-time (VBLAST) scheme, space-time block codes (STBC) and beamforming. This evaluation is done by comparing the capacity and the error rate of LSSTC to the well-known MIMO system, known as VBLAST. For that, we derive a formula for the instantaneous capacity of single-user LSSTC. In addition, an adaptive scheme that is based on LSSTC and VBLAST systems is proposed. This scheme selects the configuration and the modulation scheme in order to improve the performance.
On-the-Fly Audio Source Separation—A Novel User-Friendly Framework (2016)

This paper addresses the challenging problem of single-channel audio source separation. We introduce a novel user-guided framework where source models that govern the separation process are learned on-the-fly from audio examples retrieved online. The user only provides the search keywords that describe the sources in the mixture. In this framework, the generic spectral characteristics of each source are modeled by a universal sound class model learned from the retrieved examples via nonnegative matrix factorization. We propose several group sparsity-inducing constraints in order to efficiently exploit a relevant subset of the universal model adapted to the mixture to be separated. We then derive the corresponding multiplicative update rules for parameter estimation. Separation results obtained from automated and user tests on mixtures containing various types of sounds confirm the effectiveness of the proposed framework.
Macromolecules with programmable shape, size, and chemistry (2019)

Shape, size, and composition are the most fundamental design features, enabling highly complex functionalities. Despite recent advances, the independent control of shape, size, and chemistry of macromolecules remains a synthetic challenge. We report a scalable methodology to produce large, well-defined macromolecules with programmable shape, size, and chemistry that combines reactor engineering principles and controlled polymerizations. Specifically, bottlebrush polymers with conical, ellipsoidal, and concave architectures are synthesized using two orthogonal polymerizations. The chemical versatility is highlighted by the synthesis of a compositional asymmetric cone. The strong agreement between predictions and experiments validates the precision that this methodology offers.
X-rayInduced Dissociation of H <sub>2</sub> O and Formation of an O <sub>2</sub> H <sub>2</sub> Alloy at High Pressure (2006)

When subjected to high pressure and extensive x-radiation, water (H2O) molecules cleaved, forming O-O and H-H bonds. The oxygen (O) and hydrogen (H) framework in ice VII was converted into a molecular alloy of O2 and H2. X-ray diffraction, x-ray Raman scattering, and optical Raman spectroscopy demonstrated that this crystalline solid differs from previously known phases. It remained stable with respect to variations in pressure, temperature, and further x-ray and laser exposure, thus opening new possibilities for studying molecular interactions in the hydrogen-oxygen binary system.
A Transgenic Rat Model of Prostate Carcinogenesis. (2002)

We have generated a transgenic rat with the SV40 T antigen under probasin promoter control, allowing prostate specific gene expression. Males demonstrate atypical epithelial cell proliferation in the prostate from 4 weeks of age and develop prostate carcinomas at 100% incidence before they are 15 weeks old. These prostate caricnomas are completely androgen-dependent. Adequate materials of the prostate carcinomas, taking advantage of the rat transgenic model, allow us gene expression analysis for prostate carcinogenesis and involution process after castration. Male transgenic rats with a Sprague-Dawley genetic background were mated with wild-type females of F344, Wistar and ACI strains. F1 male transgenic hybrids with female Wistar and ACI rats had significantly lowered incidences of prostate carcinomas. However, the serum level of testosterone, and expression of the transgene, probasin, and the androgen receptor did not correlate with the strain variation in tumor development. These results clearly show that the transgenic rat is a good model for investigate prostate carcinogenesis and its modifying factors.
TMPRSS2-ERGfusion transcript has diagnostic and prognostic potential in prostate cancer patients (2006)

A39 Introduction: ERG has been reported to be the most frequently overexpressed proto-oncogene in prostate cancer (CaP) (Petrovics et al , Oncogene, 2006) due to recurrent gene fusion (Tomlins et al , Science, 2006). To further determine diagnostic and prognostic potentials of ERG in CaP, TMPRSS2-ERG fusion and expression was analyzed in CaP patients for correlation with clinico-pathological features.Methods: Matched benign and malignant epithelial cells were obtained by laser capture micro-dissection (LCM) of radical prostatectomy (RP) specimens. RNA specimens from these cells were used for quantitative expression analyses (TaqMan RT-PCR) of ERG and TMPRSS2 - ERG fusion transcripts. Patients with predominantly well differentiated (WD, N=18) and poorly differentiated (PD, N=17) tumor foci were pre-selected for analysis from a pool of over 300 CaP patients undergoing RP. Correlation with clinico-pathologic features of CaP patients was evaluated using SAS version 9.1.Results: The expression of TMPRSS2-ERG fusions, and of ERG1 , was determined by QRT-PCR (normalized to GAPDH ) in matched microdissected tumor and benign epithelial cells from frozen RP specimens of 112 CaP patients (224 specimens). Overall 65 (58%) of CaP patients had detectable expression of TMPRSS2-ERG fusion A transcripts in CaP cells, but not in benign prostate epithelium. However, 15 (83%) of patients with predominantly WD tumor had detectable TMPRSS2-ERG fusion A transcript in contrast to 7 (41%) of patients with substantial amount of PD tumor cells. In line with our previous observations based on ERG1 expression levels, patients with pT3-4 CaP (locally invasive tumor growing outside the capsule) had significantly lower expression of TMPRSS2-ERG fusion A transcript as compared to patients with pT2 stage disease (organ confined).Conclusions: Our study underscores both diagnostic and prognostic features of ERG and TMPRSS2-ERG gene fusion expression in CaP, and confirms that ERG fusion A is the predominant gene fusion in CaP cells. Decreased expression of TMPRSS2-ERG fusion transcript significantly associated with poor tumor differentiation status and with more advanced pathological stage of CaP.
Deep Video Color Propagation (2018)

Traditional approaches for color propagation in videos rely on some form of matching between consecutive video frames. Using appearance descriptors, colors are then propagated both spatially and temporally. These methods, however, are computationally expensive and do not take advantage of semantic information of the scene. In this work we propose a deep learning framework for color propagation that combines a local strategy, to propagate colors frame-by-frame ensuring temporal stability, and a global strategy, using semantics for color propagation within a longer range. Our evaluation shows the superiority of our strategy over existing video and image color propagation methods as well as neural photo-realistic style transfer approaches.
Molecular variation between the α-toxins from the type strain (NCTC 8237) and clinical isolates of Clostridium perfringens associated with disease in man and animals (1996)

The alpha-toxin produced by the type strain of Clostridium perfringens (NCTC 8237) was shown to differ from the alpha-toxins produced by most strains of C. perfringens isolated from man and from calves with respect to reactivity with a neutralizing monoclonal antibody (DY2F5D11). The difference in antibody binding correlated with three differences in the deduced amino acid sequence (Ala174 to Asp174; Thr177 to Ala177; Ser335 to Pro335) of the alpha-toxins. Using octapeptides synthesized on the basis of the amino acid sequences from these regions of variability, it was shown that the Ala174 to Asp174 change had the greatest effect on reducing the binding of monoclonal antibody DY2F5D11 to the alpha-toxin. These differences did not affect the enzymic or toxic properties of the protein. However, the phospholipase C activity of the alpha-toxin produced by strain NCTC 8237 was more susceptible to inactivation by chymotrypsin. The changes in amino acid sequence did not affect the ability of a C-terminal domain vaccine, derived from the alpha-toxin of strain NCTC 8237, to induce protection against the alpha-toxin from a bovine enteric strain of C. perfringens.
Nonlinear modeling of magnetorheological energy absorbers under impact conditions (2013)

Magnetorheological energy absorbers (MREAs) provide adaptive vibration and shock mitigation capabilities to accommodate varying payloads, vibration spectra, and shock pulses, as well as other environmental factors. A key performance metric is the dynamic range, which is defined as the ratio of the force at maximum field to the force in the absence of field. The off-state force is typically assumed to increase linearly with speed, but at the higher shaft speeds occurring in impact events, the off-state damping exhibits nonlinear velocity squared damping effects. To improve understanding of MREA behavior under high-speed impact conditions, this study focuses on nonlinear MREA models that can more accurately predict MREA dynamic behavior for nominal impact speeds of up to 6 m s−1. Three models were examined in this study. First, a nonlinear Bingham-plastic (BP) model incorporating Darcy friction and fluid inertia (Unsteady-BP) was formulated where the force is proportional to the velocity. Second, a Bingham-plastic model incorporating minor loss factors and fluid inertia (Unsteady-BPM) to better account for high-speed behavior was formulated. Third, a hydromechanical (HM) analysis was developed to account for fluid compressibility and inertia as well as minor loss factors. These models were validated using drop test data obtained using the drop tower facility at GM R&D Center for nominal drop speeds of up to 6 m s−1.