gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Adaptive Policies for Scheduling With Reconfiguration Delay: An End-to-End Solution for All-Optical Data Centers (2017)

All-optical switching networks have been considered a promising candidate for the next generation data center networks thanks to its scalability in data bandwidth and power efficiency. However, the bufferless nature and the nonzero reconfiguration delay of optical switches remain great challenges in deploying all-optical networks. This paper considers the end-to-end scheduling for all-optical data center networks with no in-network buffer and nonzero reconfiguration delay. A framework is proposed to deal with the nonzero reconfiguration delay. The proposed approach constructs an adaptive variant of any given scheduling policy. It is shown that if a scheduling policy guarantees its schedules to have schedule weights close to the MaxWeight schedule (and thus is throughput optimal in the zero reconfiguration regime), then the throughput optimality is inherited by its adaptive variant (in any nonzero reconfiguration delay regime). As a corollary, a class of adaptive variants of the well-known MaxWeight policy is shown to achieve throughput optimality without prior knowledge of the traffic load. Furthermore, through numerical simulations, the simplest such policy, namely, the Adaptive MaxWeight, is shown to exhibit better delay performance than all prior work.
Integrated Computational and Experimental Design of Ductile, Abrasion-Resistant Thermoplastic Polyurethane/Graphene Oxide Nanocomposites (2020)

Polymer nanocomposites are widely studied for improving and developing novel materials. Incorporation of nanofillers in polymer matrices impart strong behavioral changes, with the extent of dispersion of fillers in polymers playing a key role. This not only limits the amount of filler one can incorporate but also often leads to enhancement of some material properties at the expense of others. Herein, for the first time, thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU) graphene oxide (GO) nanocomposites with improved abrasion resistance and ductility are produced by integrating mesoscale modeling and a solvent-free continuous and upscalable extrusion process. The role of GO in hard segment crystallization is established via dissipative particle dynamics simulations, which then informs processing in twin-screw extrusion involving extensional mixing elements to achieve desired deagglomeration and dispersion of GO. This approach allows a tough yet highly ductile composite suitable for high abrasion resistant applications to be produced. In comparison with composites obtained from conventional processing, ductility improved by more than 300%, strength increased by 80%, toughness enhanced by more than 500%, and abrasion resistance improved by 45%. Insights into the gradient of TPU hard block crystallinity, role of deagglomeration, and phase separation are also discussed.
Analytical approach and numerical α-lines method for pull-in hyper-surface extraction of electrostatic actuators with multiple uncoupled voltage sources (2003)

This work presents a systematic analysis of electrostatic actuators driven by multiple uncoupled voltage sources. The use of multiple uncoupled voltage sources has the potential of enriching the electromechanical response of electrostatically actuated deformable elements. This in turn may enable novel MEMS devices with improved and even new capabilities. It is therefore important to develop methods for analyzing this class of actuators. Pull-in is an inherent instability phenomenon that emanates from the nonlinear nature of the electromechanical coupling in electrostatic actuators. The character of pull-in in actuators with multiple uncoupled voltage sources is studied, and new insights regarding pull-in are presented. An analytical method for extracting the pull-in hyper-surface by directly solving the voltage-free K-N pull-in equations derived here, is proposed. Solving simple but interesting example problems illustrate these new insights. In addition, a novel α-lines numerical method for extracting the pull-in hyper-surface of general electrostatic actuators is presented and illustrated. This α-lines method is motivated by new features of pull-in, that are exhibited only in electrostatic actuators with multiple uncoupled voltage sources. This numerical method permits the analysis of electrostatic actuators that could not have been analyzed by using current methods.
Efficient Cooling of Multiple Components in a Shielded Circuit Pack (2005)

We describe technology in which multiple components inside a circuit pack shielded from electromagnetic interference (EMI) are efficiently cooled by individual heat sinks that protrude into an external airflow through openings in the lid of the shield. Compliant, electrically conductive gaskets are used to form a perimeter seal between the bases of the heat sinks and the lid of the enclosure. The gaskets accommodate variations in the heights of the components and allow solid-to-solid contact in the thermal-grease-filled interface between the components and their heat sinks without compromising EMI shielding. This technology provides efficient cooling because the heat sinks can be tailored to the thermal loads of the individual components. Moreover, a set of small heat sinks presents a lower impedance to the cooling airflow than the conventional configuration of fins covering the entire lid of an EMI shield. We have examined the implementation of this solution using ICEPAK® thermal modeling software and by experiment. It leads to acceptable thermal performance and lower impedance to air flow relative to the conventional approach. It also has important potential advantages in cost, weight, and ease of rework.
A Programmable DNA Double-Write Material: Synergy of Photolithography and Self-Assembly Nanofabrication (2016)

We demonstrate a DNA double-write process that uses UV to pattern a uniquely designed DNA write material, which produces two distinct binding identities for hybridizing two different complementary DNA sequences. The process requires no modification to the DNA by chemical reagents and allows programmed DNA self-assembly and further UV patterning in the UV exposed and nonexposed areas. Multilayered DNA patterning with hybridization of fluorescently labeled complementary DNA sequences, biotin probe/fluorescent streptavidin complexes, and DNA patterns with 500 nm line widths were all demonstrated.
<title>Comparator stack design for order statistic filtering of digital imagery</title> (1993)

The proposed design is a circuit that determines the order statistics of an arbitrary length, N, string of numbers as the string is acquired. The computational time complexity for the design is optimally O(N). This is a valuable filtering method, e.g., the median filter, for suppressing and quite often eliminating impulse noise while preserving the edges of objects in an image. Two other closely related methods of order statistic filtering, stack filters, and morphological algebra, are determined to be very limited with regard to the number of template or window elements that can be used in the filtering process and not practical for two-dimensional imagery. The comparator stack circuit does not have this restriction. Also, the comparator stack method operates at or near the same cost function as a single convolution operation with the same template configuration, thus O(N).
Western and Dot Blotting Analyses of<i>Ehrlichia chaffeensis</i>Indirect Fluorescent-Antibody Assay-Positive and -Negative Human Sera by Using Native and Recombinant<i>E. chaffeensis</i>and<i>E. canis</i>Antigens (1999)

Human monocytic ehrlichiosis is an emerging infectious disease caused by Ehrlichia chaffeensis, a gram-negative obligatory intracellular bacterium closely related to E. canis. The immunoreactive recombinant fusion proteins rP28 and rP30 have become available after cloning and expressing of the 28- and 30-kDa major outer membrane protein genes of E. chaffeensis and E. canis, respectively. Western immunoblotting was performed to analyze the antibody responses of the 37 E. chaffeensis indirect fluorescent-antibody assay (IFA)-positive and 20 IFA-negative serum specimens with purified whole organisms, rP28, and rP30. All IFA-negative sera were negative with purified whole organisms, rP28, or rP30 by Western immunoblot analysis (100% relative diagnostic specificity). Of 37 IFA-positive sera, 34 sera reacted with any native proteins of E. chaffeensis ranging from 44 to 110 kDa, and 30 sera reacted with 44- to 110-kDa native E. canis antigens. The 28-kDa E. chaffeensis and 30-kDa E. canis native proteins were recognized by 25 IFA-positive sera. Fifteen IFA-positive sera reacted with rP28 by Western blot analysis, whereas 34 IFA-positive sera reacted with rP30 (92% relative diagnostic specificity), indicating that rP30 is more sensitive than rP28 for detecting the antibodies in IFA-positive sera. These 34 IFA-positive sera were positive by the dot blot assay with rP30, distinguishing them from IFA-negative sera. Except for three rP30-negative but IFA-positive specimens that instead showed an E. ewingii infection-like profile by Western immunoblotting, the results of Western and dot blot assays with rP30 matched 100% with the IFA test results. Densitometric analysis of dot blot reactions showed a positive correlation between the dot density and the IFA titer. These results suggest that rP30 antigen would provide a simple, consistent, and rapid serodiagnosis for human monocytic ehrlichiosis.
Amorphous ferromagnetic thin films (1978)

Amorphous ferromagnetic thin films containing one or more transition metals and one or more glass formers have been fabricated by sputtering. Typical magnetic properties of these thin films are comparable to those of bulk amorphous alloys with corresponding compositions. Thermal stability and annealing characteristics of these amorphous thin films are discussed.
Private Computation on Encrypted Genomic Data. (2015)

A number of databases around the world currently host a wealth of genomic data that is invaluable to researchers conducting a variety of genomic studies. However, patients who volunteer their genomic data run the risk of privacy invasion. In this work, we give a cryptographic solution to this problem: to maintain patient privacy, we propose encrypting all genomic data in the database. To allow meaningful computation on the encrypted data, we propose using a homomorphic encryption scheme. Specifically, we take basic genomic algorithms which are commonly used in genetic association studies and show how they can be made to work on encrypted genotype and phenotype data. In particular, we consider the Pearson Goodness-of-Fit test, the D ′ and r2-measures of linkage disequilibrium, the Estimation Maximization (EM) algorithm for haplotyping, and the Cochran-Armitage Test for Trend. We also provide performance numbers for running these algorithms on encrypted data. 1
An Integrated Multi-Task Model for Fake News Detection (2021)

Fake news detection attracts many researchers’ attention due to the negative impacts on the society. Most existing fake news detection approaches mainly focus on semantic analysis of news’ contents. However, the detection performance will dramatically decrease when the content of news is short. In this paper, we propose a novel <italic xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">fake news detection multi-task learning (FDML)</i> model based on the following observations: 1) some certain topics have higher percentages of fake news; and 2) some certain news authors have higher intentions to publish fake news. FDML model investigates the impact of topic labels for the fake news and introduce contextual information of news at the same time to boost the detection performance on the short fake news. Specifically, the FDML model consists of representation learning and multi-task learning parts to train the fake news detection task and the news topic classification task, simultaneously. As far as we know, this is the first fake news detection work that integrates the above two tasks. The experiment results show that the FDML model outperforms state-of-the-art methods on real-world fake news dataset.
Fabrication of boron-carbide/boron heterojunction devices (1996)

We have succeeded in the fabrication of a boron–carbide/boron diode on an aluminum substrate, and a boron–carbide/boron junction field effect transistor. Our results suggest that with respect to the approximately 2 eV band gap pure boron material, 0.9 eV band gap boron–carbide (B5C) acts as a p-type material. Both boron and boron–carbide (B5C) thin films were fabricated from single source borane cage molecules using plasma enhanced chemical vapor deposition (PECVD). Epitaxial growth does not appear to be a requirement.
Iron Catalysts Supported On Carbon NanotubesFor Fischer–Tropsch Synthesis:Effect Of Pore Size (2009)

In this report, the effects of pore diameter and structure of iron catalysts supported on carbon nanotubes (CNTs) on Fischer–Tropsch (FT) reaction rates and product selectivities are presented. Two types of CNTs with different average pore sizes (12 and 63 nm) were prepared. The CNTs were chosen in a way to have comparable surface areas so as to eliminate the effects of different surface areas. The iron catalysts (the narrow pore catalyst denoted Fe/np-CNT and wide pore catalyst denoted Fe/wp-CNT) were prepared using incipient wetness impregnation method and characterized by ICP, BET, XRD, TPR, SEM and TEM analyses. The TEM and XRD analysis showed that the iron oxide particles on the Fe/wp-CNT (17 nm) were larger than those on Fe/np-CNT sample (11 nm). TPR analyses of the catalysts showed that the degree of reduction of the Fe/np-CNT catalyst was 17% higher compared to that of the Fe/wp-CNT catalyst. For the FT reactions, it was found that the activity of the np-CNT catalyst (%CO conversion of 31) was much higher than that of the wpCNT catalyst (%CO conversion of 11). Also, the Fe/wp-CNT was more selective toward lighter hydrocarbons with a methane selectivity of 41% whereas, the methane selectivity of the np-CNT catalyst was 14%. It can be concluded that the deposition of the metal particles on the CNT with narrow pore size (in the range of larger than 10 nm) results in more active and selective catalyst due to higher degree of reduction and higher metal dispersion.
Application of Supercritical Fluids to Solid Acid Catalyst Alkylation and Regeneration (2007)

Supercritical fluid (SCF) regeneration is a promising alternative method for regenerating solid catalysts deactivated by carbonaceous deposits. The unique solvent and transport properties of SCFs such as solvent strength similar to liquids and transport properties similar to gases make them highly suitable for extraction of fouling materials from porous heterogeneous catalysts. A brief review of the research work performed at the Idaho National Laboratory (INL) on the application of supercritical fluids to both isobutane/butene alkylation reaction and solid acid catalyst regeneration is presented in this contribution.
Nanomaterials-Enhanced High-Temperature Viscoelastic Surfactant VES Well Treatment Fluids (2017)

Abstract Nanomaterials are being implemented in more and more industries due to their unique properties and performances at the nanoscale. In the oilfield, nanomaterials can significantly improve the performances of well treatment fluids including hydraulic fracturing fluids. Fluids based on polymers such as polysaccharides are widely used in the oilfield as fracturing fluids, but these fluids can have some limitations. For example, high molecular weight and incomplete breaking of these polymers can cause serious formation damage. An alternative material is viscoelastic surfactant (VES) which has been used for fracturing and acid jobs. VES-based fluids are low molecular weight in nature and show minimum formation and conductivity damage. Yet, there remain challenges associated with their use such as limited thermal stability and high leakoff rate. The use of nanomaterials such as MgO and ZnO was found to enhance their thermal stability and leakoff properties at temperatures up to 250°F. For wells with higher bottomhole temperatures, the nanomaterials that can significantly enhance the performances of the VES fluids at 350+°F will be much sought after. In this paper, we report the use of a number of the selected nanomaterials to enhance the VES gels at temperatures up to 350°F or higher. In one example, the addition of about 0.1 wt% nanomaterial-I enhanced the viscosity of the VES fluid by about 24% averaged over the temperature range from 250 to 350°F. In another example, nanomaterial-II at a dose of about 0.04 wt% enhanced the viscosity of the VES fluid by about 23% averaged over the temperature range from 250 to 350°F. Additionally, measurements showed that the viscosity of the VES fluids remained above 110 cP (at 100 s-1 shear rate) for over two hours at 350°F with the addition of either nanomaterial-I or nanomaterial-II. The fluid stability at elevated temperatures could also be improved with the selection of other nanomaterials. This paper will discuss the applications for these nanomaterials in hydraulic fracturing and other oilfield operations under high temperature conditions, based on the laboratory test results that will be shared in detail. This technology could open the door for more advancement in hydraulic fracturing with non-damaging VES systems at high temperatures.
Advanced Testing of Safe-Solvent Replacements for CFC-113 for Use in Cleaning Oxygen Systems (2005)

Use and Production of CFC-113 Restricted; - Replacement Cleaning Solvent Needed - Solvency As Good or Better Than CFC-113 Non-Flammable Compatible With Liquid and Gaseous Oxygen Low Toxicity or Non-Toxic Acceptable Environmental Properties Similar Volatility and Other Physical Properties Manufacturable at Reasonable Cost.
Wall shear stress sensor based on the optical resonances of dielectric microspheres (2011)

We report an optical wall shear stress sensor based on the whispering gallery mode (WGM) shifts of dielectric micro-resonators. The optical resonators are spheres with a typical diameter of several hundred microns and they serve as the sensing element. The wall shear force acting on a movable plate is transmitted mechanically to the microsphere. As a result of the applied force, the shape of the resonator is perturbed leading to a shift of the optical resonance (WGM). The one-dimensional wall shear stress is measured by monitoring these WGM shifts. Shape perturbations of the order of a nanometer can be detected with this optical method. The measurement resolution and range can be optimized by using dielectric sphere materials of different stiffness covering a wide range of flows. Prototype sensors using PDMS spheres have been built and validated in a laminar Poiseuille flow and in a plane wave acoustic tube.
X-ray Crystallography Reveals Parallel and Antiparallel β-Sheet Dimers of a β-Hairpin Derived from Aβ<sub>16–36</sub> that Assemble to Form Different Tetramers (2020)

High-resolution structures of oligomers formed by the β-amyloid peptide, Aβ, are important for understanding the molecular basis of Alzheimer's disease. Dimers of Aβ are linked to the pathogenesis and progression of Alzheimer's disease, and tetramers of Aβ are neurotoxic. This paper reports the X-ray crystallographic structures of dimers and tetramers, as well as an octamer, formed by a peptide derived from the central and <i>C</i>-terminal regions of Aβ. In the crystal lattice, the peptide assembles to form two different dimers-an antiparallel β-sheet dimer and a parallel β-sheet dimer-that each further self-assemble to form two different tetramers-a sandwich-like tetramer and a twisted β-sheet tetramer. The structures of these dimers and tetramers derived from Aβ serve as potential models for dimers and tetramers of full-length Aβ that form <i>in vitro</i> and in Alzheimer's disease-afflicted brains.
Enhanced performance of solid state lighting phosphors (2007)

The properties of several solid state lighting phosphor compounds have been enhanced through the application of advanced material processing and particle encapsulation techniques. Also higher light extraction efficiencies from the pump LED were achieved by index-matching the refractive index of the phosphor to that of the InGaN chip. New solid-state- reaction protocols have produced a significant increase in the intrinsic efficiency of the orthosilicate yellow phosphor compared to the traditional YAG:Ce phosphor. In addition, the stability of phosphor materials in high humidity environments was increased significantly using metal oxide coatings applied by vapor deposition.
A Novel Method for Enabling the Thermosonic Wire Bonding of Gold Wire onto Chips with Copper Interconnects (2004)

The wire bonding of chips with copper interconnects is a challenging issue. The present study develops a method in which the substrates are stored in a temperature and humidity controlled environment such that copper oxide films of appropriate thickness are formed on the substrate prior to the gold-copper thermosonic bonding process. It is shown that this film can be removed during the bonding process, hence rendering the wire bonding process feasible without the requirement for an inert gas environment or the use of metallic cap layers. © 2004 The Electrochemical Society. All rights reserved.
Taking the pulse of aging: Mapping pulse pressure and elasticity in cerebral arteries with optical methods (2014)

Cerebrovascular support is crucial for healthy cognitive and brain aging. Arterial stiffening is a cause of reduced brain blood flow, a predictor of cognitive decline, and a risk factor for cerebrovascular accidents and Alzheimer's disease. Arterial health is influenced by lifestyle factors, such as cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF). We investigated new noninvasive optical measures of cerebrovascular health, which provide estimates of arterial pulse parameters (pulse pressure, transit time, and compliance/elasticity) within specific cerebral arteries and cortical regions, and low-resolution maps of large superficial cerebral arteries. We studied naturally occurring variability in these parameters in adults (aged 55-87), and found that these indices of cerebrovascular health are negatively correlated with age and positively with CRF and gray and white matter volumes. Further, regional pulse transit time predicts specific neuropsychological performance.
Understanding the chemical state of palladium during the direct NO decomposition – influence of pretreatment environment and reaction temperature (2017)

The mechanism of direct NO decomposition is different than three-way catalysis and depends on temperature and pretreatment environment over PdO/SiO<sub>2</sub>.