gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Natural Antimicrobials for Food Preservation (2007)

CONTENTS
10.1 Introduction 237
10.2 Rationale for the Use of Natural Antimicrobial Compounds 238
10.3 Natural Antimicrobials of Plant Origin 239
Zn_xCd_1−xS quantum dots–based white light-emitting diodes (2013)

In this study, two kinds of colloidal ternary semiconductor white light-emitting quantum dots (WQDs), Zn(0.5)Cd(0.5)S and Zn(0.8)Cd(0.2)S, are prepared and used as nanophosphors in a UV light-emitting diode (UV-LED) pumping device. When the weight ratio of Zn(0.5)Cd(0.5)S WQDs is 9.1 wt. % in silicone and the drive current is set at 20 mA, the chromaticity coordinates (CIE), correlated color temperature (CCT), color rendering index (CRI), and luminous efficiency are (0.43,0.37), 2830 K, 90, and 0.94 lm/W, respectively. On the other hand, under the same weight ratio in silicone, the CIE, CCT, CRI, and luminous efficiency of Zn(0.8)Cd(0.2)S WQDs are (0.36,0.33), 4240 K, 86, and 4.12 lm/W, respectively. Based on the above results, we can conclude that WQDs-based LED can be obtained by controlling the compositions of Zn(x)Cd(1-x)S QDs due to the coexistence of band-edge and surface state emission.
Graphic Presentation of Computer-Analyzed Keratoscope Photographs (1987)

We describe a corneal topography analysis system that creates accurate high-resolution graphics of corneal surface power from computer analysis of keratoscope photographs, and we present several examples of corneal shape analyses. The major improvement in the updated version presented here is the development of a contour map of corneal surface power. Improvements in computer algorithms used to analyze the raw data obtained from the keratoscope photographs have also been made, resulting in increased accuracy. This system allows the ophthalmologist to see the patterns of power distribution on the corneal surface more easily than is possible by visual inspection of keratoscope photographs. Improved corneal topography analysis should find wide clinical application in the study of refractive corneal surgery techniques and in the study of corneal disorders that cause irregular astigmatism.
Content, Chemical Speciation, and Significance of Aluminum in Beer (1995)

Aluminum in beer should be analyzed using electrothermal atomization and atomic absorption spectrophotometry. In a study of U.K. beers by the Ministry of Agriculture, Fisheries and Food (MAFF), the median level found was approximately 100 μg/L. Very high levels of up to 6,500 μg/L were detected in some keg beers, but this was the exception. Most beers had levels between 20 and 3,000 μg/L (the range was highly skewed at upper levels). Canned and bottled beers contained 40–330 and 50–220 μg/L, respectively. A similar study of the U.K. beer market showed that the median aluminum level was 165 μg/L, and approximately 5% of beers examined contained in excess of 500 μg/L but none exceeded 810 μg/L. Computer speciation modeling of aluminum in lager beer as it travels through the gut showed that only trace amounts of aluminum would be bioavailable in the mouth and in the stomach. In the small intestine, there were significant amounts of the ingested aluminum potentially bioavailable as [AlP04]0, however, some of it would precipitate as solid and get lost in the feces while some would form [AlCit(OH)2]2−complexes in the blood, which are readily excreted through renal desalination. Thus overall, only traces of the total 100–165 μg/L aluminum in beer are potentially transported into blood. Despite the recent interest in aluminum and its suggested link with Alzheimer's disease, the medical picture is not clear and no link has been proven. The medical debate will continue; however, assuming the aluminum intake figures calculated by MAFF from water (0.2 mg/day) and beer (0.07 mg/day), there is no evidence to show that one is at any higher risk of aluminum absorption when drinking beer compared with potable tap waters.
GarNet: A Two-Stream Network for Fast and Accurate 3D Cloth Draping (2019)

While Physics-Based Simulation (PBS) can accurately drape a 3D garment on a 3D body, it remains too costly for real-time applications, such as virtual try-on. By contrast, inference in a deep network, requiring a single forward pass, is much faster. Taking advantage of this, we propose a novel architecture to fit a 3D garment template to a 3D body. Specifically, we build upon the recent progress in 3D point cloud processing with deep networks to extract garment features at varying levels of detail, including point-wise, patch-wise and global features. We fuse these features with those extracted in parallel from the 3D body, so as to model the cloth-body interactions. The resulting two-stream architecture, which we call as GarNet, is trained using a loss function inspired by physics-based modeling, and delivers visually plausible garment shapes whose 3D points are, on average, less than 1 cm away from those of a PBS method, while running 100 times faster. Moreover, the proposed method can model various garment types with different cutting patterns when parameters of those patterns are given as input to the network.
Ca2+- and mitochondrial-dependent cardiomyocyte necrosis as a primary mediator of heart failure (2007)

Loss of cardiac myocytes in heart failure is thought to occur largely through an apoptotic process. Here we show that heart failure can also be precipitated through myocyte necrosis associated with Ca2+ overload. Inducible transgenic mice with enhanced sarcolemmal L-type Ca2+ channel (LTCC) activity showed progressive myocyte necrosis that led to pump dysfunction and premature death, effects that were dramatically enhanced by acute stimulation of beta-adrenergic receptors. Enhanced Ca2+ influx-induced cellular necrosis and cardiomyopathy was prevented with either LTCC blockers or beta-adrenergic receptor antagonists, demonstrating a proximal relationship among beta-adrenergic receptor function, Ca2+ handling, and heart failure progression through necrotic cell loss. Mechanistically, loss of cyclophilin D, a regulator of the mitochondrial permeability transition pore that underpins necrosis, blocked Ca2+ influx-induced necrosis of myocytes, heart failure, and isoproterenol-induced premature death. In contrast, overexpression of the antiapoptotic factor Bcl-2 was ineffective in mitigating heart failure and death associated with excess Ca2+ influx and acute beta-adrenergic receptor stimulation. This paradigm of mitochondrial- and necrosis-dependent heart failure was also observed in other mouse models of disease, which supports the concept that heart failure is a pleiotropic disorder that involves not only apoptosis, but also necrotic loss of myocytes in association with dysregulated Ca2+ handling and beta-adrenergic receptor signaling.
All-Optical OOK to 16-QAM Modulation Format Conversion Employing Nonlinear Optical Loop Mirror (2012)

This paper proposes and numerically demonstrates an all-optical on-off keying (OOK) to 16 quadrature amplitude modulation (QAM) format conversion using nonlinear optical loop mirror (NOLM) based on cross-phase modulation (XPM) and parametric amplification in optical fibers. The 16-QAM signal is generated by the superposition of two quadrature phase shift keying (QPSK) signals with different amplitudes. OOK to QPSK modulation format conversion is achieved by XPM in one highly nonlinear fiber (HNLF). The amplitude ratio 2:1 of two QPSK signals can be realized by parametric amplification. The feasibility of OOK to 16-QAM modulation format conversion is confirmed at the symbol rate of 10 Gs/s by numerical simulation with the length of <formula formulatype="inline" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> <tex Notation="TeX">$2^{7}-1$</tex></formula> pseudo random binary sequence (PRBS) input OOK signals. The tolerance of power deviation of the converter is also analytically evaluated.
Code-shift division multiple access for cellular mobile (2002)

This paper presents a new scheme to treat the multiple access interference (MAI) problem in CDMA systems. A cyclic prefix technique is introduced to confine the intra-cell MAI in a multipath environment to a small dimension so that it can be resolved by a common equalizer. The proposed scheme combines some advantages of TDMA and CDMA, namely, same-cell-user interference avoidance and other-cell-user interference diversity. Its receiver complexity is considerably lower than other interference cancellation methods.
Crystal Structure of Human Insulin-like Growth Factor-1:  Detergent Binding Inhibits Binding Protein Interactions (2001)

Despite efforts spanning considerably more than a decade, a high-resolution view of the family of proteins known as insulin-like growth factors (IGFs) has remained elusive. IGF-1 consists of three helical segments which are connected by a 12-residue linker known as the C-region. NMR studies of members of this family reveal a dynamic structure with a topology resembling insulin but little structural definition in the C-region. We have crystallized IGF-1 in the presence of the detergent deoxy big CHAPS, and determined its structure at 1.8 A resolution by multiwavelength anomalous diffraction, exploiting the anomalous scattering of a single bromide ion and six of the seven sulfur atoms of IGF-1. The structure reveals a well-defined conformation for much of the C-region, which extends away from the core of IGF-1 and has residues known to be involved in receptor binding prominently displayed in a type II beta-turn. In the crystal, these residues form a dimer interface, but analytical ultracentrifugation experiments demonstrate that at physiological concentrations IGF-1 is monomeric. A single detergent molecule contacts residues known to be important for IGF-1 binding protein (IGFBP) interactions. Biophysical and biochemical data show that the detergent binds to IGF-1 specifically and blocks binding of IGFBP-1 and IGFBP-3.
Stepwise RNP assembly at the site of H/ACA RNA transcription in human cells (2006)

Mammalian H/ACA RNPs are essential for ribosome biogenesis, premessenger RNA splicing, and telomere maintenance. These RNPs consist of four core proteins and one RNA, but it is not known how they assemble. By interrogating the site of H/ACA RNA transcription, we dissected their biogenesis in single cells and delineated the role of the non-core protein NAF1 in the process. NAF1 and all of the core proteins except GAR1 are recruited to the site of transcription. NAF1 binds one of the core proteins, NAP57, and shuttles between nucleus and cytoplasm. Both proteins are essential for stable H/ACA RNA accumulation. NAF1 and GAR1 bind NAP57 competitively, suggesting a sequential interaction. Our analyses indicate that NAF1 binds NAP57 and escorts it to the nascent H/ACA RNA and that GAR1 then replaces NAF1 to yield mature H/ACA RNPs in Cajal bodies and nucleoli.
Specific Lymphocyte Sensitization in Cancer: Is There a Common Antigen in Human Malignant Neoplasia? (1971)

From human cancer tissue a basic protein can be extracted by the method which yields encephalitogenic factor when applied to human brain. This tumour basic protein (obtained from several different neoplasms) acts as an antigen in the cytopherometric test for malignant neoplasia and in general gives higher results than does brain basic protein. The reverse is true when degenerative disease of the nervous system is studied. The basic protein extractable from brain and from tumours thus has some degree of specificity probably referable to its amino-acid sequence.
Electromechanical Properties of PVDF-Based Polymers Reinforced with Nanocarbonaceous Fillers for Pressure Sensing Applications (2019)

Polymer-based composites reinforced with nanocarbonaceous materials can be tailored for functional applications. Poly(vinylidene fluoride) (PVDF) reinforced with carbon nanotubes (CNT) or graphene with different filler contents have been developed as potential piezoresistive materials. The mechanical properties of the nanocomposites depend on the PVDF matrix, filler type, and filler content. PVDF 6010 is a relatively more ductile material, whereas PVDF-HFP (hexafluropropylene) shows larger maximum strain near 300% strain for composites with CNT, 10 times higher than the pristine polymer. This behavior is similar for all composites reinforced with CNT. On the other hand, reduced graphene oxide (rGO)/PVDF composites decrease the maximum strain compared to neat PVDF. It is shown that the use of different PVDF copolymers does not influence the electrical properties of the composites. On the other hand, CNT as filler leads to composites with percolation threshold around 0.5 wt.%, whereas rGO nanocomposites show percolation threshold at ≈ 2 wt.%. Both nanocomposites present excellent linearity between applied pressure and resistance variation, with pressure sensibility (PS) decreasing with applied pressure, from PS ≈ 1.1 to 0.2 MPa<sup>-1</sup>. A proof of concept demonstration is presented, showing the suitability of the materials for industrial pressure sensing applications.
Investigation on the efficacy of meloxicam in sows with mastitis–metritis–agalactia syndrome (2003)

The efficacy of meloxicam in the treatment of sows with mastitis-metritis-agalactia syndrome was investigated in comparison with flunixin. Basic therapy comprised administration of an antibiotic and oxytocin. A total of 200 sows and litters were examined in a double-blind clinical study with observations up to 8 days after the first treatment. The primary parameter, the clinical index score on day 2, consisting of rectal temperature, feed intake, general demeanour, respiratory rate, vaginal discharge, degree of inflammation of mammary glands, milk flow and nursing behaviour, revealed a significant (P < or = 0.05) non-inferiority of meloxicam in comparison with flunixin implying equal efficacy of both drugs. No significant differences were noted in the distribution of clinical efficacy scores within both groups at each day of examination. The differences in litter weight and daily weight gain per piglet were not significant between the two test groups. The mortality rates until day 8 of the study were without significant difference between groups. In piglets of diseased litters, however, the mortality rate was 50% lower in the meloxicam group in comparison with the reference group, this difference reaching statistical significance (P < or = 0.05).
Hydrodynamic relaxation and sample concentration in field-flow fractionation using permeable wall elements (1990)

The advantages of hydrodynamic relaxation in field-flow fractionation, in which an injected sample is driven rapidly toward its equilibrium distribution by flow, are described relative to conventional field-driven relaxation. A new concept for achieving hydrodynamic relaxation, based on the use of permeable wall elements (or frit elements) embedded in the channel walls, is introduced. Here an auxiliary substream of carrier fluid, permeating uniformly into the FFF channel near the inlet, drives the sample, entrained in its own substream, close to its equilibrium configuration. Such frit elements can also be used to enrich the sample at the outlet. Equations are derived and plots are provided for the position of the splitting plane dividing the two substreams; this position defines the strength of the hydrodynamic relaxation. Variations in shear through these frit-modified end regions are also formulated and plotted. The effects of frit elements on band broadening are discussed. It is concluded that permeable wall elements in many configurations may be broadly applicable to FFF and related methods for improved sample introduction, increased separation speed, reduced risk of sample adhesion to the wall, improved flow stability, and sample enrichment.
Hampton roads traffic surveillance and control system (1980)

A surveillance and control system was designed and implemented for the Hampton Roads Bridge-Tunnel Crossing connecting Hampton and Norfolk, VA. The facility is a part of the Interstate 64 subsystem and consists of two bridges at each end connected by two two-lane tunnels. This system has been operating successfully since November 15, 1977. The system provides the means for improving vehicular throughput and reducing congestion, improving the management of vehicle incidents and facility operations, improving motorist information, improving environmental conditions, and improving traffic data collection. A control room situated in one of the four tunnel ventilation buildings is the nucleus of the traffic management activities. The system enables vehicle flow control of tunnel access; incident detection, incident verification, and incident operations management; automatic response to environmental and overheight problems; hardware monitoring of the signs, signals, and vehicle detectors; execution of major traffic operations on the faculty upon operator request; and daily reporting and logging of system events. Vehicle data are collected and accumulated by the system and are used for reporting and for performing incident detection and access control.
Link quality estimators for multi-hop mesh network (2014)

In this paper, the problem of estimating the link quality in mesh networks has been considered. Such a problem is a major task to develop an efficient network layer, since an accurate knowledge of the link qualities allows routing protocols to efficiently use neighbors as relays for multi-hop communications. In the last years, a number of link-quality aware routing metrics based on the packet delivery ratio have been proposed and analyzed. However, very few works have addressed the problem of correctly estimating the delivery ratio of a wireless link. Therefore, in this paper we resort to a 802.11b mesh network to carry on a performance comparison between two widely adopted delivery ratio estimators, namely the Simple Moving Average and the Exponentially Weighted Moving Average, and a recently proposed one based on the neural network paradigm.
Potential of Exserohilum monoceras as a Bioherbicide for Controlling Echinochloa crus-galli (Rumput Sambau) (2011)

The fungus isolated from diseased Echinochloa crus-galli was identified as Exserohilum monoceras, based on the conidial morphology, germination characteristics and hilum morphology. The objectives of this study were to screen and isolate fungal pathogen of E. monoceras from infected E. crus-galli as well as to determine the pathogenicity of E. monoceras and the optimum conditions for growth and sporulation of E. monoceras . In repeated trials, the pathogenicity of this fungus to its host was confirmed by Koch’s postulate. The pathogen caused a high level of disease on E. crus -galli where symptoms appeared within 24 h of inoculation. It induced eyespot lesions typical of infection by Exserohilum spp. and induced a seve re ‘burnt’ appearance on the foliage of E. crus -galli. The leaf tissues in the vicinity of heavy infestation were completel y killed. The disease did not develop on non -inoculated plants, which was indicative of localized infection and lack of significant secondary disease cycles. The laboratory study indicated that better growth and appressoria production can be attained when the fungus is exposed to temperature in the range of 25 to 30 o C. This study also indicated that Maxigreen ® , which is an adjuvant, when mixed with sunflower in the ratio of 0:5:7 is ideal for formulating the conidia. This research has illustrated that solid media such as agar is an excellent growth media, but spore production has been influenced by the nutrient content of the media. The best medium for sporulation was half strength V8 juice agar.
LMDS Technologies For Broadband Wireless Local Loop Applications (1999)

In this contribution, we propose a Broadband Wireless Local Loop (B-WLL) system concept based on LMDS millimeter-wave wireless technology. The system utilizes a modified access and backbone architecture to provide users with broadcast communications, bi-directional wideband data exchange, and mixed multiple services.
Amino derivatives of anhydrotetracycline (1984)

Nitrosation of anhydrotetracycline (5) affords 9-nitrosoanhydrotetracycline (6), which is converted by sodium dithionite into 9-aminoanhydrotetracycline (7). Alkaline coupling of anhydrotetracycline with diazotized sulfanilic acid gives an azo dye which is reduced by sodium dithionite to give 7-aminoanhydrotetracycline (9). Reductive methylation of amines 7 and 9 with formaldehyde and sodium cyanoborohydride yields 9-dimethylaminoanhydrotetracycline (8) and 7-dimethylaminoanhydrotetracycline (10), respectively.
A Synthesis of Reading Interventions and Effects on Reading Comprehension Outcomes for Older Struggling Readers (2009)

This article reports a synthesis of intervention studies conducted between 1994 and 2004 with older students (Grades 6-12) with reading difficulties. Interventions addressing decoding, fluency, vocabulary, and comprehension were included if they measured the effects on reading comprehension. Twenty-nine studies were located and synthesized. Thirteen studies met criteria for a meta-analysis, yielding an effect size (ES) of 0.89 for the weighted average of the difference in comprehension outcomes between treatment and comparison students. Word-level interventions were associated with ES = 0.34 in comprehension outcomes between treatment and comparison students. Implications for comprehension instruction for older struggling readers are described.
A deep tree-based model for software defect prediction (2018)

Defects are common in software systems and can potentially cause various problems to software users. Different methods have been developed to quickly predict the most likely locations of defects in large code bases. Most of them focus on designing features (e.g. complexity metrics) that correlate with potentially defective code. Those approaches however do not sufficiently capture the syntax and different levels of semantics of source code, an important capability for building accurate prediction models. In this paper, we develop a novel prediction model which is capable of automatically learning features for representing source code and using them for defect prediction. Our prediction system is built upon the powerful deep learning, tree-structured Long Short Term Memory network which directly matches with the Abstract Syntax Tree representation of source code. An evaluation on two datasets, one from open source projects contributed by Samsung and the other from the public PROMISE repository, demonstrates the effectiveness of our approach for both within-project and cross-project predictions.
Highly Efficient Unpackaged 60 GHz Planar Antenna Array (2019)

A high gain antenna array is designed and fabricated at 60 GHz. The array is via-less and made on a single dielectric substrate. It can be easily integrated with millimeter wave transceivers. Very good agreement between the measured and simulated results is achieved. The array has 22.5 dBi gain with a maximum efficiency of 93% and a 3.2 % bandwidth.
The Neuropeptide Catestatin Acts As a Novel Angiogenic Cytokine via a Basic Fibroblast Growth Factor–Dependent Mechanism (2010)

We conclude that catestatin acts as a novel angiogenic cytokine via a basic fibroblast growth factor-dependent mechanism.
Potassium hexacyanoferrate(<scp>ii</scp>)—a new cyanating agent for the palladium-catalyzed cyanation of aryl halides (2004)

A new advantageous cyanating agent, potassium hexacyanoferrate(II), is described for the palladium-catalyzed cyanation of aryl halides. All cyanide ions on the iron(II) center can be transferred to the aryl halide using palladium(II) acetate and dppf as the catalyst. Under optimized reaction conditions good yields of benzonitriles and unprecedented catalyst productivities are observed.