gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
The role of lipoxygenases in pathophysiology; new insights and future perspectives (2015)

Lipoxygenases (LOXs) are dioxygenases that catalyze the formation of corresponding hydroperoxides from polyunsaturated fatty acids such as linoleic acid and arachidonic acid. LOX enzymes are expressed in immune, epithelial, and tumor cells that display a variety of physiological functions, including inflammation, skin disorder, and tumorigenesis. In the humans and mice, six LOX isoforms have been known. 15-LOX, a prototypical enzyme originally found in reticulocytes shares the similarity of amino acid sequence as well as the biochemical property to plant LOX enzymes. 15-LOX-2, which is expressed in epithelial cells and leukocytes, has different substrate specificity in the humans and mice, therefore, the role of them in mammals has not been established. 12-LOX is an isoform expressed in epithelial cells and myeloid cells including platelets. Many mutations in this isoform are found in epithelial cancers, suggesting a potential link between 12-LOX and tumorigenesis. 12R-LOX can be found in the epithelial cells of the skin. Defects in this gene result in ichthyosis, a cutaneous disorder characterized by pathophysiologically dried skin due to abnormal loss of water from its epithelial cell layer. Similarly, eLOX-3, which is also expressed in the skin epithelial cells acting downstream 12R-LOX, is another causative factor for ichthyosis. 5-LOX is a distinct isoform playing an important role in asthma and inflammation. This isoform causes the constriction of bronchioles in response to cysteinyl leukotrienes such as LTC4, thus leading to asthma. It also induces neutrophilic inflammation by its recruitment in response to LTB4. Importantly, 5-LOX activity is strictly regulated by 5-LOX activating protein (FLAP) though the distribution of 5-LOX in the nucleus. Currently, pharmacological drugs targeting FLAP are actively developing. This review summarized these functions of LOX enzymes under pathophysiological conditions in mammals.
Determining the end-to-end throughput capacity in multi-hop networks (2006)

In this paper, we present a methodology to analytically compute the throughput capacity, or the maximum end-to-end throughput of a given source and destination pair in a multi-hop wireless network. The end-to-end throughput capacity is computed by considering the interference due to neighboring nodes, as well as various modes of hidden node interference. Knowing the throughput capacity is important because it facilitates the design of routing policy, admission control for realtime traffic, as well as load control for wireless networks. We model location-dependent neighboring interference and we use a contention graph to represent these interference relationships. Based on the contention graph, we formulate the individual link capacity as a set of fixed point equations. The end-to-end throughput capacity can then be determined once these link capacities are obtained. To illustrate the utility of our proposed methodology, we present two important applications: (a) route optimization to determine the path with the maximum end-to-end throughput capacity and, (b) optimal offered load control for a given path so that the maximum end-to-end capacity can be achieved. Extensive simulations are carried out to verify and validate the proposed analytical methodology.
Triazole-Modified Calix[4]crown as a Novel Fluorescent On−Off Switchable Chemosensor (2007)

A novel fluorescent on-off switchable chemosensor 1 with two different types of cationic binding sites is synthesized, which is composed of a triazole-modified calix[4]crown in the 1,3-alternate conformation. Among 15 metal ions examined, the fluorescence of 1 was strongly quenched by Hg2+, Cu2+, Cr3+, and Pb2+; however, the revival of emission from the strongly quenched 1.Pb2+ complex was achievable by the addition of K+, Ba2+, or Zn2+ ions. Thus, metal ion exchange can trigger an on-off switchable fluorescent chemosensor.
A case for relative differentiated services and the proportional differentiation model (1999)

Internet applications and users have very diverse quality of service expectations, making the same-service-to-all model of the current Internet inadequate and limiting. There is a widespread consensus today that the Internet architecture has to extended with service differentiation mechanisms so that certain users and applications can get better service than others at a higher cost. One approach, referred to as absolute differentiated services, is based on sophisticated admission control and resource reservation mechanisms in order to provide guarantees or statistical assurances for absolute performance measures, such as a minimum service rate or maximum end-to-end delay. Another approach, which is simpler in terms of implementation, deployment, and network manageability, is to offer relative differentiated services between a small number of service classes. These classes are ordered based on their packet forwarding quality, in terms of per-hop metrics for the queuing delays and packet losses, giving the assurance that higher classes are better than lower classes. The applications and users, in this context, can dynamically select the class that best meets their quality and pricing constraints, without a priori guarantees for the actual performance level of each class. The relative differentiation approach can be further refined and quantified using the proportional differentiation model. This model aims to provide the network operator with the "tuning knobs" for adjusting the quality spacing between classes, independent of the class loads. When this spacing is feasible in short timescales, it can lead to predictable and controllable class differentiation, which ore two important features for any relative differentiation model. The proportional differentiation model can be approximated in practice with simple forwarding mechanisms (packet scheduling and buffer management) that we describe.
AtCesA8-driven OsSUS3 expression leads to largely enhanced biomass saccharification and lodging resistance by distinctively altering lignocellulose features in rice (2017)

This study has demonstrated that the AtCesA8::<i>SUS3</i> transgenic rice plants exhibited largely improved biomass saccharification and lodging resistance by reducing cellulose crystallinity and increasing cell wall thickness. It also suggests a powerful genetic approach for cell wall modification in bioenergy crops.
New Stable Germylenes, Stannylenes, and Related Compounds. 1. Stable Germanium(II) and Tin(II) Compounds M(OCH<sub>2</sub>CH<sub>2</sub>NMe<sub>2</sub>)<sub>2</sub> (M = Ge, Sn) with Intramolecular Coordination Metal−Nitrogen Bonds. Synthesis and Structure (2003)

New stable monomeric germanium(II) and tin(II) compounds M(OCH2CH2NMe2)2 (M = Ge (1); M = Sn (2)), stabilized by two intramolecular coordination M←N bonds and containing no bulky groups on the metal atoms, were synthesized. The molecular and crystal structures of these compounds, and that of the previously synthesized compound (ArO)2Sn (3; Ar = 2,4,6-(Me2NCH2)3C6H2), were determined by X-ray diffraction analysis. The electronic structures of 1 and 2 were studied by the DFT method.
Low viscosity ionic liquids based on organic salts of the dicyanamide anion (2001)

New families of salts viz. quaternary ammonium, N-alkyl-N-methylpyrrolidinium or 1-alkyl-3-methylimidazolium dicyanamides, Cat+N(CN)2−, are low melting compounds, most being liquid at rt, water-miscible and have low (for ionic liquids) viscosity at rt, e.g.η = 21 cP for 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium dicyanamide.
High quality mid-rate speech coding (2003)

The authors present the results of a feasibility study comparing two basic classes of coders in the mid-rate range (6-8 kbps): CELP and sinusoid based coders. It is concluded that CELP coding is a mature technique able to yield high-quality synthetic speech with some background noise at the mid-rate range. It has a tractable computational complexity and good robustness, making it the best present candidate. Postprocessing can enhance its output quality, though further research is needed in this field. Sinusoidal coding, together with the use of narrowband basis functions, can produce synthetic speech of higher quality than that produced by CELP. Its robustness however, must be increased. This work suggests that a significant research effort into this technique is fully justified.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
IL-6, Leukemia Inhibitory Factor, and Oncostatin M Stimulate Bone Resorption and Regulate the Expression of Receptor Activator of NF-κB Ligand, Osteoprotegerin, and Receptor Activator of NF-κB in Mouse Calvariae (2002)

IL-6, leukemia inhibitory factor (LIF), and oncostatin M (OSM) are IL-6-type cytokines that stimulate osteoclast formation and function. In the present study, the resorptive effects of these agents and their regulation of receptor activator of NF-kappaB ligand (RANKL), RANK, and osteoprotegerin (OPG) were studied in neonatal mouse calvaria. When tested separately, neither human (h) IL-6 nor the human soluble IL-6R (shIL-6R) stimulated bone resorption, but when hIL-6 and the shIL-6R were combined, significant stimulation of both mineral and matrix release from bone explants was noted. Semiquantitative RT-PCR showed that hIL-6 plus shIL-6R enhanced the expression of RANKL and OPG in calvarial bones, but decreased RANK expression. Human LIF, hOSM, and mouse OSM (mOSM) also stimulated 45Ca release and enhanced the mRNA expression of RANKL and OPG in mouse calvaria, but had no effect on the expression of RANK. In agreement with the RT-PCR analyses, ELISA measurements showed that both hIL-6 plus shIL-6R and mOSM increased RANKL and OPG proteins. 1,25-Dihydroxyvitamin D3 (D3) also increased the RANKL protein level, but decreased the protein level of OPG. OPG inhibited 45Ca release stimulated by RANKL, hIL-6 plus shIL-6R, hLIF, hOSM, mOSM, and D3. An Ab neutralizing mouse gp130 inhibited 45Ca release induced by hIL-6 plus shIL-6R. These experiments demonstrated stimulation of calvarial bone resorption and regulation of mRNA and protein expression of RANKL and OPG by D3 and IL-6 family cytokines as well as regulation of RANK expression in preosteoclasts/osteoclasts of mouse calvaria by D3 and hIL-6 plus shIL-6R.
Letter (2004)

Dear Editor I read with interest the article in the recent edition of Paediatric Nursing (16, 6, 14-18) on the costs of meals and parking for parents of hospitalised children in Australia. It is always interesting to hear how other units cope with these sorts of issues which are such a vital part of providing family-centred care. But I was left with a couple of questions.
Functional analysis of the pathogenesis‐related 1a protein gene minimal promoter region (1991)

Pathogenesis-related (PR) proteins are a heterogeneous group of host encoded, low-molecular-mass proteins that are induced in plants by various external stimuli, such as pathogen attack or exposure of the plants to certain chemicals. To examine the regulation of these genes, the 5'-flanking region of the tobacco PR-1a gene [Pfitzner U.M., Pfitzner, A.J.P. & Goodman, H.M. (1988) Mol. Gen. Genet. 211, 290-295] was joined by a transcriptional fusion to the Escherichia coli beta-glucuronidase (GUS) gene. Expression of the reporter gene was monitored in transient expression assays as well as in stable transformants. The PR-1a 5'-flanking sequences from -335, -149 or -71 to +28 are functional promoter elements in tobacco and carrot protoplasts, as determined by transient expression. These constructs direct correct initiation at the normal transcription-start site of the PR-1a gene. The level of gene expression was about twofold less than that obtained with the cauliflower mosaic virus 35S RNA promoter. Regulation of gene expression by acetylsalicylic acid, however, could not be detected in the transient assays. When the same constructs were stably integrated into the tobacco genome, neither constitutive nor induced beta-glucuronidase activity was observed. A comparison of the results from the transient and the stable transfection experiments suggests that expression of the reporter gene may be due to a constitutive transcriptional activity of the PR-1a 5'-flanking regions under the conditions of the transient assays and that the PR-1a promoter may contain at least two functional domains.
A Turbine-Driven Electric Power Generation System for Launch Vehicles & Other High-Power Aerospace Applications (2004)

<div class="htmlview paragraph">Honeywell is working with Lockheed Martin and NASA to develop a lightweight, turbine-driven electric power generation system that offers greatly increased safety and reduced operating costs as compared to existing systems. The approach is to utilize a “bang-bang” speed control system with fuel-rich, catalytically-reacted hydrogen and oxygen propellants to drive a turbine and shaft-speed, high-reactance permanent-magnet generator. The rotating assembly is supported by gas-cooled “foil” bearings. The flight system is envisioned to be regeneratively cooled and have power conditioning and control electronics integrated within the pressurized turbogenerator housing. System definition and component development have been completed. “Brassboard” system testing is currently underway.</div>
A new productoid brachiopod from the late Visean Craven Reef Belt of North Yorkshire (1994)

SUMMARY A rare constituent of late Visean flank subfacies of Cracoean buildups in northern England is an attached productoid brachiopod described here as Tenaspinus smarti gen. et sp. nov.; it is classified within our provisionally diagnosed Leioproductinae within the Productidae.
Effect of Reactant Nitrogen Pressure on the Microstructure and Properties of Reactively Sputtered Silicon Nitride Films (1975)

The quality of silicon nitride films deposited by rf reactive sputtering of silicon in a nitrogen discharge is found to be strongly dependent on the discharge nitrogen pressure. For a given substrate to target spacing there is a "critical" sputtering pressure which, if exceeded, results in deposition of films with noticeably inferior properties. The properties of silicon nitride films deposited both above and below this critical pressure are compared. The degradation of film properties accompanying an increase in the nitrogen discharge pressure is correlated with the presence of microvoids (∼50Å), revealed by transmission electron microscopy. It is suggested that the microvoids result from a reduction in the reemission of deposited material as the discharge pressure is increased.
Comparative Analysis of Tumor Cell Dissemination in Mesenteric, Central, and Peripheral Venous Blood in Patients With Colorectal Cancer (2001)

The significantly higher detection rate in mesenteric venous blood emphasizes the importance of the filter function of the liver for circulating tumor cells in portal venous blood. Tumor cell detection in central and peripheral venous blood, however, shows that this filtering process is limited and indicates early systemic hematogenic tumor cell dissemination in colorectal cancer.
Implementation of traditional printing techniques for the development of flexible printed sensors (2015)

Printed electronics has gained a remarkable interest over the past decade for the fabrication of cost efficient electronic devices, with a major focus on the development of flexible sensors. This dissertation focuses on the fabrication of flexible sensors using traditional printing processes such as screen, inkjet and gravure printing.\nA flexible organic thin film transistor (OTFT) was successfully fabricated on a polyethylene terephthalate (PET) substrate and employed as a humidity sensor. Aluminum gate electrode was thermally evaporated on PET and UV clear dielectric layer was spin coated. Source and drain silver interdigitated electrodes were screen printed. 6,13-bis(triisopropylsilylethynyl) pentacene, a humidity sensitive material, was inkjet printed. The output characteristics of the printed OTFT were recorded for varying humidity levels, ranging from 15% RH to 85% RH. The humidity response of the fabricated sensor demonstrated the feasibility of using traditional printing processes for the fabrication of OTFT based sensors.\nA flexible electrochemical sensor was screen printed on PET. Carbon and silver based inks were used for metallization of the working, counter and reference electrodes. 1,10-phenanthroline and its derivative naphtho[2,3-a]dipyrido[3,2-h:2',3'-f]phenazine-5,18-dione (QDPPZ) was synthesized as sensitive layers for Hg2+ and Pb2+, respectively. Cyclic voltammetry response of the sensor resulted in reduction peaks at 0.2 eV and -0.6 eV for selective detection of Hg2+ and Pb2+, respectively. The response of the electrochemical sensor demonstrated the use of traditional printing processes and synthesized chemicals for the selective detection of heavy metals.\nAn inductor capacitor (LC) wireless passive sensor for the detection of toxic heavy metals was screen printed on PET using a silver ink. Palladium nanoparticles were synthesized and drop casted onto the LC sensor as a sensitive layer. The change in resonant frequency of the LC sensor towards varying concentrations of heavy metal ions was remotely monitored using a screen printed detection coil. The LC sensor was able to detect mercury ions (Hg2+), as low as 1 μM, with a resonant frequency shift of 0.2 MHz. The feasibility of the sensor to vary its resonant frequency with different concentrations of heavy metal ions such as Hg2+ and lead ions (Pb2+) was demonstrated.
Compensation Method of Position Signal Error with Misaligned Hall-Effect Sensors of BLDC Motor (2016)

This paper presents an improved approach for compensating rotor position signal displacement in brushless DC (BLDC) motors with misaligned hall-effect sensors. Typically, the hall-effect sensors in BLDC motors are located in each phase and positioned exactly 120 electrical degrees apart. However, limitations in mechanical tolerances make it difficult to place hall-effect sensors at the correct location. In this paper, a position error compensator to counteract the hall-effect sensor positioning error is proposed. The proposed position error compensator uses least squares error analysis to adjust the relative position error and back-EMF information to reduce the absolute offset error. The effectiveness of the proposed approach is verified through several experiments.
The Effect of Different Pollination Methods on Seed Yield and Germination Features in Stevia rebaudiana Bertoni (2015)

Pollination is a prerequisite system for reproductive of many plants and it is more important in self-compatible plants. Since, these plants need other flowers pollen for flower fertilization and seed production. In this study, the effects of different pollination methods (open/cross pollination, self-pollination with hand and control) on some features associated with seed production in Stevia rebaudiana were investigated. Stevia which belongs to the Asteraceae family and is used as sweetener has a self-incompatibility problem. In the experiment, ten plants which were planted in a row were covered with net in the field condition and five of them were selfed with hand pollination and remaining 5 plants were left as it is. Furthermore, five uncovered plants were left to cross-pollination by insects. At the end of the experiment, seed yield per plant, 1000 seed weight, black/filled seed rate, number of day to first germination and germination rate were determined in harvested seeds. According to the results, cross-pollination was more superior in respect to all features in Stevia. This status shows that insect population (especially bee) must be present in Stevia fields for successful seed production.
Evaluation of the cytotoxicity of sodium hypochlorite and chloramine-T irrigants (2009)

Objective:To evaluate the cytotoxicity of sodium hypochlorite(NaOCl) and chloramine-T at a same available chlorine concentration.Methods:L929 fibroblasts were used to test the cytotoxicity of NaOCl and chloramine-T at a same available chlorine concentration(0.500 0%,0.250 0%,0.200 0%,0.150 0%,0.125 0%,0.062 5%).Cell viability after 2 h,30 min or 10 min exposure were measured by MTT assay.Results:Except the 0.500 0%-2 h group and 0.062 5%-30 min group,cell viability of NaOCl groups were higher than chloramine-T group(P0.05).Conclusion:NaOCl solution has less cytotoxicity than chloramine-T at a same available chlorine concentration lower than 0.250 0%.
Voltage-dependent calcium channels in rat midbrain dopamine neurons: modulation by dopamine and GABAB receptors (1995)

1. Voltage-dependent calcium channels were studied with whole cell voltage-clamp recordings from neurons enzymatically dispersed from the ventral mesencephalon of rat brains (postnatal days 3-10) and identified as dopamine neurons by 5,7-dihydroxytryptamine autofluorescence. 2. Dopamine neurons had large high-threshold calcium currents activated by depolarizations positive to -50 mV. Different components of calcium channel current were not readily distinguishable by voltage dependence or kinetics, but pharmacological experiments showed the existence of different channel types. The overall current had significant components blocked by nimodipine (28%), by omega-conotoxin GVIA (22%), and by omega-agatoxin-IVA (omega-Aga-IVA) (37%), and there was a significant amount of current (16%) remaining in saturating concentrations of all three blockers. 3. High-threshold calcium current was reversibly reduced by the gamma-aminobutyric acid-B (GABAB) receptor agonist baclofen and by dopamine and the D2 receptor agonist quinpirole. Inhibition by GABAB or dopamine agonists developed and reversed within seconds. 4. Quinpirole reduced both omega-conotoxin-sensitive and omega-Aga-IVA-sensitive components of calcium current. 5. With physiological ionic conditions, inward calcium currents were outweighed by outward currents, in part through calcium-activated potassium channels activated by omega-conotoxin-sensitive and omega-Aga-IVA-sensitive calcium entry.
Integrating Messaging Middleware and Information Flow Control (2015)

Security is an ongoing challenge in cloud computing. Currently, cloud consumers have few mechanisms for managing their data within the cloud provider's infrastructure. Information Flow Control (IFC) involves attaching labels to data, to govern its flow throughout a system. We have worked on kernel-level IFC enforcement to protect data flows within a virtual machine (VM). This paper makes the case for, and demonstrates the feasibility of an IFC-enabled messaging middleware, to enforce IFC within and across applications, containers, VMs, and hosts. We detail how such middleware can integrate with local (kernel) enforcement mechanisms, and highlight the benefits of separating data management policy from application/service-logic.
Hyponatremia, Cerebral Edema, and Noncardiogenic Pulmonary Edema in Marathon Runners (2000)

In healthy marathon runners, noncardiogenic pulmonary edema can be associated with hyponatremic encephalopathy. The condition may be fatal if undiagnosed and can be successfully treated with hypertonic NaCl.
Development of fiber bundle type fan-out for multicore fiber (2012)

We developed a compact fiber bundle type fan-out for multicore fiber by using capillary action of adhesive. The fan-out demonstrated low splice loss less than 0.35dB and low cross-talk less than -64dB in all cores.
Marktforschung, Werbung; Messen und Ausstellungen (1984)

Durch Markterkundung und Marktforschung beschafft sich der Exporteur die Informationen, die er für eine erfolgreiche Tätigkeit auf dem Auslandsmarkt benötigt. In beiden Fällen kann Primär- und Sekundärmaterial verwendet werden. Die Auswertung von Sekundärmaterial, wie z. B. Presseberichten, Statistiken, Marktberichten usw., am Schreibtisch bezeichnet man als "desk research" (Schreibtischforschung), im Gegensatz zu "field research" (Feldforschung), worunter man die Beschaffung von Primärmaterial, d. h. neuen, speziell zu dem jeweiligen Zweck auf dem betreffenden Markt erhobenen statistischen Daten, versteht.