gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
<title>Design of a piezoelectric-based structural health monitoring system for damage detection in composite materials</title> (2002)

Cost-effective and reliable damage detection is critical for the utilization of composite materials. This paper presents the conclusions of an experimental and analytical survey of candidate methods for in-situ damage detection in composite structures. Experimental results are presented for the application of modal analysis and Lamb wave techniques to quasi-isotropic graphite/epoxy test specimens containing representative damage. Piezoelectric patches were used as actuators and sensors for both sets of experiments. Modal analysis methods were reliable for detecting small amounts of global damage in a simple composite structure. By comparison, Lamb wave methods were sensitive to all types of local damage present between the sensor and actuator, provided useful information about damage presence and severity, and present the possibility of estimating damage type and location. Analogous experiments were also performed for more complex built-up structures. These techniques are suitable for structural health monitoring applications since they can be applied with low power conformable sensors and can provide useful information about the state of a structure during operation. Piezoelectric patches could also be used as multipurpose sensors to detect damage by a variety of methods such as modal analysis, Lamb wave, acoustic emission and strain based methods simultaneously, by altering driving frequencies and sampling rates. This paper present guidelines and recommendations drawn from this research to assist in the design of a structural health monitoring system for a vehicle. These systems will be an important component in future designs of air and spacecraft to increase the feasibility of their missions.
Heat Shock-sensitive Expression of Calreticulin. (1995)

Calreticulin (CRT) is an ubiquitous, highly conserved, Ca(2+)-binding protein of the sarcoplasmic and endoplasmic reticulum. The precise function(s) of CRT is unknown. However, based on sequence analyses and observations that it may bind to steroid receptors and integrins and store Ca2+ within the cell, it has been postulated to play a "housekeeping" role. To determine whether the level of expression of CRT is affected by stress, we examined the heat shock response of CRT from a variety of cultured cells, including vascular endothelial, lung epithelial, and lung fibroblasts. Following exposure of the cells to 42 degrees C, CRT mRNA transiently accumulated 2.5-4.2-fold at 1-6 h. Nuclear run-on studies and mRNA stability experiments confirmed that the predominant mechanism of augmentation was transcriptional. Chloramphenicol acetyltransferase assays further indicated that the promoter region, containing a putative heat shock element between -172 and -158 of the human CRT gene, is heat shock-sensitive. Finally, we demonstrated the in vivo significance of these findings by exposing rats to hyperthermia. This resulted in accumulation of CRT mRNA and an augmentation of CRT protein in lung tissue. We hypothesize that this stress-induced up-regulation of CRT contributes to the mechanism(s) by which the vascular endothelium and lung tissue, and possibly other organ systems, maintain homeostasis when exposed to a variety of pathophysiological conditions.
Image-guided surgery and therapy (2007)

Purpose: To investigate the dosimetric accuracy of the sliding window gated IMRT compared with the static treatment, using varying dose rates.Materials and methods: This study measured changes in output and diode array response with changing dose rate, verified the precision of the motion table, and measured changes in dose distribution accuracy with film and diodes at two depths with changing dose rate.During 4DCT (4 Dimensional Computed Tomography), the patient's respiratory signals and target motion were recorded and imported to the XY4D simulation table of SUN NUCLEAR Corporation to simulate the patient's respiration and tumour motion.A single field of each sliding window IMRT plan with 30º wedge and one for lung cancer were used in this study.Three irradiating conditions, static and moving target with and without gating, were applied to both plans.Results: The standard deviations of output, with the dose rates changing from 300-600 MU/min, were 0.065 cGy and 0.169 cGy for the ionisation chamber and diode, respectively.The verification of the motion table shows very good precision with 9.98 ± 0.02 cm (true value = 10.0 cm).The measurements by MapCheck show the gamma index of the planned absolute dose distribution in static and moving targets with gating, resulting in more than 96% passing for all dose rates.The absolute dose distribution measured by film for the static target was agreeable with the value of moving target with gating. Conclusion:The sliding window gated IMRT technique is able to deliver an accurate dose to a moving target with the dose rate of 300-600 MU/min that is suitable for clinical treatment.
Structural Requirements of Strigolactones for Shoot Branching Inhibition in Rice and Arabidopsis (2015)

The structural requirements of strigolactones (SLs) involved in germination induction of root parasitic plants and hyphal branching in arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi have been extensively studied. However, our knowledge of the requirements of SLs involved in shoot branching inhibition in plants is still limited. To address this question, we investigated the structure-activity relationships of SLs in shoot branching inhibition in rice and Arabidopsis. SLs possess a four-ring structure, with a tricyclic lactone (ABC-rings) connected to a methylbutenolide part (D-ring) via an enol ether bridge. Here, we show that the the (R) configuration at C-2', which determines the steric position of the D-ring relative to the enol ether olefin bond, is critical for the hormonal activity in rice. Replacement of the enol ether moiety by an alkoxy or imino ether resulted in a severe reduction in biological activity in rice. Moreover, yeast two-hybrid experiments using a possible SL receptor, DWARF14 (D14), and a repressor in the SL signaling pathway, DWARF53 (D53), showed that D14 can interact with D53 in the presence of (2'R) stereoisomers of SLs, but not (2'S) stereoisomers, suggesting that the stereostructure of SLs is crucial for the interaction of these proteins. When GR5, an AB-ring-truncated analog, was applied to the hydroponic culture medium, strong inhibition of shoot branching was observed both in rice and in Arabidopsis. However, GR5 was only weakly active when directly applied to the axillary buds of Arabidopsis. Our results indicate that the difference in plant species and application methods greatly influences the apparent SL biological activity.
Novel solidified reverse micellar solution-based mucoadhesive nano lipid gels encapsulating miconazole nitrate-loaded nanoparticles for improved treatment of oropharyngeal candidiasis (2017)

This study has shown that SRMS-based nano lipid gels could be employed to prolong localised oromucosal delivery of MN.
Neural network design for J function approximation in dynamic programming (1998)

This paper shows that a new type of artificial neural network (ANN) -- the Simultaneous Recurrent Network (SRN) -- can, if properly trained, solve a difficult function approximation problem which conventional ANNs -- either feedforward or Hebbian -- cannot. This problem, the problem of generalized maze navigation, is typical of problems which arise in building true intelligent control systems using neural networks. (Such systems are discussed in the chapter by Werbos in K.Pribram, Brain and Values, Erlbaum 1998.) The paper provides a general review of other types of recurrent networks and alternative training techniques, including a flowchart of the Error Critic training design, arguable the only plausible approach to explain how the brain adapts time-lagged recurrent systems in real-time. The C code of the test is appended. As in the first tests of backprop, the training here was slow, but there are ways to do better after more experience using this type of network.
Sequential evaluation of thiopurine methyltransferase, inosine triphosphate pyrophosphatase, and HPRT1 genes polymorphisms to explain thiopurines' toxicity and efficacy (2007)

The majority of azathioprine/mercaptopurine-induced ADRs and efficacy of therapy are not explained by the investigated gene polymorphisms. The combined evaluation of all three genes enhanced the correlation with leucopenia (43.5% vs. 23% in controls) (P = 0.008), at the expense of a reduced accuracy (60%).
Aging After Spinal Cord Injury: A 30-Year Longitudinal Study (2006)

The results suggest that many positive changes occur within the first 2 decades after SCI, followed by a period of stability in some life areas, but decline with aging in some participation and health-related aspects of life.
AN ANALYSIS OF NEWDES: A MODIFIED VERSION OF DES (1990)

This paper examines an encryption algorithm designed by Robert Scott[3] that is a modified form of the Data Encryption Standard. Scott's goal in varying DES is to improve two aspects of it that are alleged to be weaknesses: the length of the key, and the “secretness” of the design of the S-boxes. An ancillary goal of his is to provide an algorithm that is easy to implement in software on a microcomputer. Scott's algorithm is indeed simple to implement. One of the main reasons for this is that it uses only operations on entire bytes, so there is no individual bit manipulation. Also, as promised, the design of the entire f-function is open for examination. The increase in key length, however, may not be as significant as it first appears to be.
Gas chromatography‐mass spectrometry methods for structural analysis of fatty acids (1998)

Procedures for structural analysis of fatty acids are reviewed. The emphasis is on methods that involve gas chromatography-mass spectrometry and, in particular, the use of picolinyl ester and dimethyloxazoline derivatives. These should be considered as complementing each other, not simply as alternatives. However, additional derivatization procedures can be of value, including hydrogenation and deuteration, and preparation of dimethyl disulfide and 4-methyl-1,2,4-triazoline-3,5-dione adducts. Sometimes complex mixtures must be separated into simpler fractions prior to analysis by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. Silver ion and reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography are then of special value. In particular, a novel application of the latter technique, involving a base-deactivated stationary phase and acetonitrile as mobile phase, is described that is suited to the separation of fatty acids in the form of picolinyl ester and dimethyloxazoline derivatives, as well as methyl esters.
Functional group efficiency in adhesion between polyethylene and aluminum (1989)

Abstract The effect of different functional groups on the adhesion between polyethylene and aluminum has been studied. Poly(ethylene‐co‐butyl acrylate) (EBA) and poly(ethylene‐co‐vinyl acetate) (EVA) were used as such and provided polyethylene surfaces with two different kinds of ester groups, butyl ester and acetate, respectively. By alkaline hydrolysis in an organic solvent the surface functionality could be changed to carboxylate and hydroxyl, respectively. Finally, acid washing converted the carboxylate groups into carboxylic acid. The effect of the surface treatments were followed by reflection IR. T‐peel tests of laminates made of the original, as well as the surface‐treated polymers, and aluminum allowed an evaluation of the specific contribution to the adhesion for the groups in question. The peel strength increased linearily with the bulk concentration of comonomer in the original EBA and EVA samples. The values increased from about 100 N/m for polyethylene up to 2500 N/m in the case of 3.7 mol % of carboxylic acid. The efficiency of the investigated functional groups increased in the following order: H<OCOCH 3 <COOC 4 H 9 <COONa∼OH<COOH.
Trichuris spp. in Animals, with Specific Reference to Neo-Tropical Rodents (2021)

Trichuriasis is the clinical disease of animals infected with the parasite of the genus <i>Trichuris</i>. This review attempts to present information on <i>Trichuris</i> spp. infestation in neo-tropical rodents that are utilized for meat consumption by humans. Neo-tropical rodents utilized for meat production can be divided into two categories: those that have been domesticated, which include the guinea pig (<i>Cavia porcellus</i>), and those that are on the verge of domestication, such as the capybara (<i>Hydrochoerus hydrochaeris</i>), lappe (<i>Cuniculus paca</i>/<i>Agouti paca</i>), and agouti (<i>Dasyprocta leporina</i>). This document reviews the literature on the species of <i>Trichuris</i> that affects the rodents mentioned above, as well as the clinical signs observed. The literature obtained spans over sixty years, from 1951 to 2020. <i>Trichuris</i> spp. was found in these neo-tropical rodents mentioned. However, there is a dearth of information on the species of <i>Trichuris</i> that parasitize these animals. The capybara was the only rodent where some molecular techniques were used to identify a new species named <i>T. cutillasae</i>. In most cases, <i>Trichuris</i> spp. was found in combination with other endoparasites, and was found at a low prevalence in the lappe and guinea pig. The presence of <i>Trichuris</i> spp. ranged from 4.62-53.85% in the agouti, 4.21-10.00% in the lappe, 50% in the capybaras, and 1-31% in guinea pigs. Further work must be done towards molecular identification of various <i>Trichuris</i> spp. present in these rodents, as well as the clinical effect of infection on the performance of agouti, lappe, capybara, and guinea pigs.
Transdermal rivastigmine for Alzheimer’s disease: skin deep or scratching the surface? (2010)

because of efficacy of treatment making it unethical for patients to continue in the placebo arm.Nonetheless, such trials remain the cornerstone of therapeutic research in MS.Despite these difficulties, a large number of randomised controlled trials have identified agents which reduce relapses and prevent the accumulation of disability.The first disease modifying therapies became available in the 1990s and comprised three different interferon-beta preparations as well as Glatiramer Acetate (11).These treatments reduce relapse rates by around a third and have proven to be safe over twenty years of clinical experience.The more recent, and more potent, agents such as natalizumab (which is licensed in the UK) and alemtuzumab (which is not yet licensed) appear to be twice as effective in reducing relapses and disability progression.However, this comes at a price of a higher risk of serious side effects, notably fatal progressive multifocal lymphadenopathy (natalizumab), leukaemia, cardiomyopathy (mitoxantrone) and intracerebral haemorrhage because of idiopathic thrombocytopaenic purpura (alemtuzumab).These risks must be balanced by the clinician and the patients against the benefits of fewer relapses and the superior evidence for prevention of disability in comparison with more traditional first line therapies.It is quite possible that treating inflammation early into the course of the illness may have secondary benefits in preventing neurodegeneration later, but this remains to be proven in large clinical trials with long follow-up period.In the future, clinicians and patients will face the dilemma of whether to risk exposure to a small risk of serious drug toxicity early in the course of their disease when relatively healthy for a potential benefit of preventing disability in the future in the context of an uncertain natural disease history.While much work is still needed to elucidate the pathology and optimal treatment of this complex disease, the progress achieved in recent years offers grounds for optimism that future research develop-ments will lead to more effective treatments, especially for the neurodegenerative phase of the condition.
Phase Unwrapping: A Review of Methods and a Novel Technique (2007)

Computation of the complex cepstrum uses the logarithm, and in complex analysis the logarithm is multi-valued. To compensate, the phase of the complex variable that the logarithm operates on must be unwrapped. Phase unwrapping algorithms do exactly this, effectively turning the multivalued logarithm into a well-behaved analytic function that is suitable for further manipulation. There are an abundance of phase unwrapping algorithms in the literature that either act on the phase itself, or on the complex, frequency domain signal from which the phase is derived. We introduce a further phase unwrapping algorithm that operates in the range of the z transform (often referred to as the w plane). In this domain, the branch-cut that is associated with wrapped phase is easily identified, and is used in our w plane phase unwrapping algorithm.
On the use of QOF functions with RC3 in walsh code limited base station deployments (2004)

The forward link capacity of a CDMA base station is limited by the available transmit power and orthogonal Walsh code space. The cdma2000 standard defines new radio configurations (RC3 and RC4) that improve forward link capacity. The orthogonal Walsh code space for RC3 and RC4 are 64 and 128, respectively. The link level performance of RC3 is generally better than that of RC4 due to a stronger channel code. In addition, quasi orthogonal function (QOF) sets are introduced in the forward link in order to extend the available Walsh code space. In certain deployments that offer voice services using RC3 it is possible to run out of orthogonal Walsh space before using up available transmit power. Two possible ways to avoid this issue are to use RC4 or RC3 with an additional QOF set. This study compares these two options by a series of lab experiments.
Structural design of AlN/GaN superlattices for deep-ultraviolet light-emitting diodes with high emission efficiency (2011)

We demonstrate on the basis of first-principles calculations that a AlN/GaN superlattice with one or two GaN monolayers is efficient for near-band-edge C-plane emission of deep-ultraviolet light-emitting diodes. We find that such superlattices lead to a significant increase of the C-plane components of the optical matrix element up to 57% relative to GaN bulk. At the same time, the energy gap of these superlattices is in the deep-UV region, where the shortest emission wavelength is 224 nm. This is remarkably shorter than that in Al-rich AlGaN alloys.
Experimental Study on Bond Behavior of Deformed Bars Embedded in Concrete Subjected to Biaxial Lateral Tensile Compressive Stresses (2013)

The bond behavior of deformed reinforcing bars, which is important to the assessment and design of reinforced concrete structures, is greatly influenced by the stress state in concrete. Because the effect of biaxial lateral tensile-compressive stresses on the bond behavior of deformed bars is seldom studied, an experimental investigation is presented in this paper. A total of 252 pull-out specimens with different strengths of concrete, bar diameters, and combinations of lateral tensile-compressive stresses were included in the test. The results show that the failure mode of specimens with deformed bars is influenced by the strength of concrete, ratio of the cover depth to bar diameter c/D, and the coupling effect of lateral stresses ζ(=pt/ft+pc/fcu). The bond strength and the slip at the peak bond stress decrease by increasing ζ, whereas the deteriorating ratio depends on the strength of concrete and c/D for specimens failed by pull-out and splitting, respectively. Regardless of ζ, the ratio of the residual and ultimate bond strength for the specimens in pullout failure basically keeps constant. An empirical bond stress-slip relationship is proposed. For different strengths of concrete, bar diameters, and combinations of lateral stresses, the proposed bond stress-slip relationship is in good agreement with experimental results.
Anti-CD19 CAR T Cells in CNS Diffuse Large-B-Cell Lymphoma (2017)

In this case, a woman with refractory diffuse large-B-cell lymphoma had a CNS recurrence that responded completely to anti-CD19 CAR T-cell therapy. After biopsy of a subsequent skin recurrence, the lesions cleared in association with an expansion of the CAR T cells in the blood.
Effects of dissolved oxygen tension and mechanical forces on fungal morphology in submerged fermentation (1998)

The effects of dissolved oxygen tension and mechanical forces on fungal morphology were both studied in the submerged fermentation of Aspergillus awamori. Pellet size, the hairy length of pellets, and the free filamentous mycelial fraction in the total biomass were found to be a function of the mechanical force intensity and to be independent of the dissolved oxygen tension provided that the dissolved oxygen tension was neither too low (5%) nor too high (330%). When the dissolved oxygen concentration was close to the saturation concentration corresponding to pure oxygen gas, A. awamori formed denser pellets and the free filamentous mycelial fraction was almost zero for a power input of about 1 W/kg. In the case of very low dissolved oxygen tension, the pellets were rather weak and fluffy so that they showed a very different appearance. The amount of biomass per pellet surface area appeared to be affected only by the dissolved oxygen tension and was proportional to the average dissolved oxygen tension to the power of 0.33. From this it was concluded that molecular diffusion was the dominant mechanism for oxygen transfer in the pellets and that convection and turbulent flow in the pellets were negligible in submerged fermentations. The biomass per wet pellet volume increased with the dissolved oxygen tension and decreased with the size of the pellets. This means that the smaller pellets formed under a higher dissolved oxygen tension had a higher intrinsic strength. Correspondingly, the porosity of the pellets was a function of the dissolved oxygen tension and the size of pellets. Within the studied range, the void fraction in the pellets was high and always much more than 50%.
Anti-Stress Effect of Ginseng on the Inhibition of the Development of Morphine Tolerance in Stressed Mice (1992)

We examined how the ginseng extract (GE) acts on the antinociceptive effect induced by footshock (FS)-, psychological (PSY)- and forced swimming (SW)-stress (stress-induced analgesia, SI A), and also on the suppression by FS- and PSY-stress of the development of tolerance to morphine in mice. Neither an acute treatment nor 5 daily pretreatments with GE at 100 mg/kg, p.o. affected each SIA. Pretreatment with GE at 100 mg/kg, p.o. for 5 days followed by the treatment in combination with the exposure to stresses for another 5 days caused no appreciable changes in the development of tolerance to FS- and SW-SIA, but suppressed the development of tolerance to PSY-SIA. When mice were pretreated with GE for 5 days and given GE daily prior to morphine at 10 mg/kg/day, with stress exposure for another 5 days, the inhibitory effect of FS-stress on the development of tolerance to morphine was completely eliminated. The present results suggest that GE, by improving the general metabolism in the body, directs toward normalization of the adaptability which is impaired by stress exposure, while not compromising morphine antinociceptive activity or the SIA, another adaptability produced in confrontation to abnormal environmental stimuli. In addition, the differences in the mechanism underlying the FS- and PSY-stress effect which we have previously demonstrated are also reconfirmed.
Half‐Life Extension through PEGylation (2012)

This chapter contains sections titled: Introduction Preparation and Physico-Chemical Characterization of PEGylated Proteins Pharmacokinetic (PK) Behavior of PEGylated Proteins Safety of PEGylated Proteins Conclusions References