gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of the effects of small interfering RNAs on in vitro replication of feline herpesvirus-1 (2010)

Combinations of siRNAs that target mRNA of the FHV-1 DNA polymerase gene, FHV-1 glycoprotein D gene, or both could potentially be used as a treatment for the prevention of clinical disease associated with FHV-1 infection.
Antagonist properties of monoclonal antibodies targeting human CD28 (2013)

Antagonist antibodies targeting CD28 have been proposed as an alternative to the use of CD80/86 antagonists to modulate T cell responses in autoimmunity and transplantation. Advantages would be the blockade of CD28-mediated co-stimulatory signals without impeding the co-inhibitory signals dependent on CD80 interactions with CTLA-4 and PD-L1 that are important for the control of immune responses and for the function of regulatory T cells. Anti-CD28 antibodies are candidate antagonists only if they prevent access to the CD80/86 ligands without simultaneously stimulating CD28 itself, a process that is believed to depend on receptor multimerization. In this study, we evaluated the impact of different formats of a potentially antagonist anti-human CD28 antibody on T cell activation. In particular, we examined the role of valency and of the presence of an Fc domain, two components that might affect receptor multimerization either directly or in the presence of accessory cells expressing Fc receptors. Among monovalent (Fab', scFv), divalent (Fab'2), monovalent-Fc (Fv-Fc) and divalent-Fc (IgG) formats, only the monovalent formats showed consistent absence of induced CD28 multimerization and absence of associated activation of phosphoinositol-3-kinase, and clear antagonist properties in T cell stimulation assays. In contrast, divalent antibodies showed agonist properties that resulted in cell proliferation and cytokine release in an Fc-independent manner. Conjugation of monovalent antibodies with polyethylene glycol, α-1-antitrypsin or an Fc domain significantly extended their in vivo half-life without modifying their antagonist properties. In conclusion, these data indicate that monovalency is mandatory for maintaining the antagonistic activity of anti-CD28 monoclonal antibodies.
Low-power BiCMOS circuits for high-speed interchip communication (1997)

A universal BiCMOS low-voltage-swing transceiver (driver/receiver) with low on-chip power consumption is reported. Using a 3.3 V supply, the novel transceiver can drive/receive signals from several low-voltage-swing transceivers with termination voltages ranging from 5 V down to 2 V and frequencies well above 1 GHz. Measured results of test circuits fabricated in 0.8-/spl mu/m BiCMOS technology are also presented.
Highly Efficient Ruthenium Catalysts for the Formation of Tetrasubstituted Olefins via Ring‐Closing Metathesis. (2007)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Distributed Power Control in Femtocell-Underlay Cellular Networks (2009)

In a two tier cellular network comprised of a central macrocell underlaid with shorter range femtocell hotspots cross-tier interference limits overall capacity with universal frequency reuse. To quantify near-far effects, this paper derives a fundamental relation providing the largest feasible cellular signal-to-interference plus noise ratio (SINR), given any set of feasible femtocell SINRs. A distributed utility-based SINR adaptation at femtocells is proposed in order to alleviate cross-tier interference at the macrocell. The Foschini-Miljanic (FM) algorithm is a special case of the adaptation. Each femtocell maximizes their individual utility consisting of a SINR based reward less an incurred cost (cross-tier interference). Results show greater than 30% improvement in mean femtocell SINRs relative to FM. An algorithm is proposed that adaptively curtails transmission powers of the strongest femtocell interferers. Simulations show that a cell-edge user can achieve its SINR target even with 100 femtocells/cell-site (with typical cellular parameters).
A Genomic and Proteomic Study of the Spectrum of Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease * (2005)

Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is the most common chronic liver disease, and some of its forms are progressive. This study describes the profiling of hepatic gene expression and serum protein content in patients with different subtypes of NAFLD. Liver biopsy specimens from 98 bariatric surgery patients were classified as normal, steatosis alone, steatosis with nonspecific inflammation, and nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH). Microarray hybridizations were performed in triplicate and the microarray expression levels of a selected group of genes were confirmed using real-time quantitative reverse-transcriptase polymerase chain reaction. Serum protein profiles of the same patients were determined by SELDI-TOF mass spectrometry. Of 98 obese patients, 91 were diagnosed with NAFLD (12 steatosis alone, 52 steatosis with nonspecific inflammation, and 27 NASH), and 7 patients without NAFLD served as obese controls. Each group of NAFLD patients was compared with the obese controls, and 22 genes with more than twofold differences in expression levels were revealed. Proteomics analyses were performed for the same group comparisons and revealed twelve significantly different protein peaks. In conclusion, this genomic/proteomic analysis suggests differential expression of several genes and protein peaks in patients within and across the forms of NAFLD. These findings may help clarify the pathogenesis of NAFLD and identify potential targets for therapeutic intervention.
A low-power dual-path floating-point fused add-subtract unit (2012)

This paper examines a low-power consumption dual-path fused floating-point add-subtract unit and compares it with previous fused add-subtract units such as the single path fused add-subtract unit with/without enhanced aligning and compound adder-round unit and the high-speed dual-path fused add-subtract unit. The high-speed dual-path fused add-subtract unit has less latency than the single-path fused add-subtract units, but with higher power consumption. To reduce the power consumption, a dual-path fused add-subtract unit with a simplified far/close path scheme is proposed; the significand addition, subtraction and round units are not included in the far/close paths while each path of the high-speed version has these units. The significand adder and subtractor are shared by far/close path. The power consumption of the proposed design is 18% lower than the high-speed dual-path fused add-subtract unit at a 16% cost in latency; however, the proposed dual-path fused add-subtract unit is 11-20% faster than the two single-path fused add-subtract units.
Novel Fault Ride-Through Configuration and Transient Management Scheme for Doubly Fed Induction Generator (2012)

This paper proposed a novel fault ride-through (FRT) configuration and transient management scheme to enhance the FRT capability of doubly fed induction generator-based wind turbines. The new configuration of the grid-side converter introduces shunt and series compensation for normal operation and voltage dips, respectively. A braking resistor is added to smooth switching transients from shunt to series interfaces and dissipate excessive power from the grid-side converter. To attain a flexible control solution for balanced and unbalanced fault conditions, the proposed transient management scheme employs positive and negative sequence controllers. A small-signal linear model is developed and examined to analyze the system dynamics for the series compensation topology. Based on the mathematical model, the controller is tuned to balance both voltage regulation performance and transient stability margins with consideration of various operating conditions. The combination of shunt and series interfaces demonstrates a low component count, simple protection structure, and improved performance of FRT with effective compensation to the electric grid. A comprehensive simulation verified the capability of the new configuration and transient management scheme.
Synthesis and Characterization of Hydrolytically Labile Poly(phosphoester—urethanes) (1991)

Biodegradable poly(phosphoester-urethanes) containing bisglycophosphite as the chain extender were synthesized. Methylene bis-4-phenyl isocyanate (MDI) and toluene diisocyanate (TDI) were initially used as diisocyanates. Since there was a concern that the degradation products could be toxic, the ethyl 2,6-diisocyanatohexanoate (LDI) was synthesized and replaced the MDI (or TDI). The hydrolytic stability and solubility of these polymers were tested. Preliminary release studies of 5-fluorouracil from MDI based poly(phosphoester-urethane) and methotrexate from LDI based poly(phosphoester-urethane) are also reported.
Microfluidics with fluid walls (2017)

Microfluidics has great potential, but the complexity of fabricating and operating devices has limited its use. Here we describe a method - Freestyle Fluidics - that overcomes many key limitations. In this method, liquids are confined by fluid (not solid) walls. Aqueous circuits with any 2D shape are printed in seconds on plastic or glass Petri dishes; then, interfacial forces pin liquids to substrates, and overlaying an immiscible liquid prevents evaporation. Confining fluid walls are pliant and resilient; they self-heal when liquids are pipetted through them. We drive flow through a wide range of circuits passively by manipulating surface tension and hydrostatic pressure, and actively using external pumps. Finally, we validate the technology with two challenging applications - triggering an inflammatory response in human cells and chemotaxis in bacterial biofilms. This approach provides a powerful and versatile alternative to traditional microfluidics.The complexity of fabricating and operating microfluidic devices limits their use. Walsh et al. describe a method in which circuits are printed as quickly and simply as writing with a pen, and liquids in them are confined by fluid instead of solid walls.
5.5 W near-diffraction-limited power from resonant leaky-wave coupled phase-locked arrays of quantum cascade lasers (2015)

Five, 8.36 μm-emitting quantum-cascade lasers (QCLs) have been monolithically phase-locked in the in-phase array mode via resonant leaky-wave coupling. The structure is fabricated by etch and regrowth which provides large index steps (Δn = 0.10) between antiguided-array elements and interelement regions. Such high index contrast photonic-crystal (PC) lasers have more than an order of magnitude higher index contrast than PC-distributed feedback lasers previously used for coherent beam combining in QCLs. Absorption loss to metal layers inserted in the interelement regions provides a wide (∼1.0 μm) range in interelement width over which the resonant in-phase mode is strongly favored to lase. Room-temperature, in-phase-mode operation with ∼2.2 kA/cm2 threshold-current density is obtained from 105 μm-wide aperture devices. The far-field beam pattern has lobewidths 1.65× diffraction limit (D.L.) and 82% of the light in the main lobe, up to 1.8× threshold. Peak pulsed near-D.L. power of 5.5 W is obtained, with 4.5 W emitted in the main lobe. Means of how to increase the device internal efficiency are discussed.
P2‐530: Immunization with a pseudo‐phosphorylated tau epitope clears tau pathology in a mouse model (2011)

Immunotherapy holds great promise for Alzheimer's disease (AD) and other conformational disorders. Recent studies from our group have shown that immunization with an AD specific phospho-tau immunogen Tau379-408[P-Ser396,404] alleviates brain levels of aggregated tau and slows the progression of motor deficits or prevents cognitive impairments in two different tangle models (Asuni A. et al. J. Neurosci., 2007, Boutajangout A. et al., J. Neurosci., 2010). To assess potential epitope specificity and safety of this promising therapeutic effect, we are examining several tau epitopes. Here we assessed the efficacy of using a pseudo-phosphorylated tau immunogen. Homozygous JNPL3 mice were immunized with Tau379-408[E-Ser396, E-Ser404] in alum adjuvant (n = 13) or with adjuvant only (n = 7), starting at 2 months. Mice were tested on various sensorimotor tasks (rotarod, traverse beam, locomotor activity and grip strength) at 5 and 8 months of age. Antibody titers were determined and at 8 months their brains were processed for tau biochemistry and histology. The vaccine elicited a robust antibody response towards the immunogen, and its phosphorylated and non-phosphorylated analogs. Which is as expected since this region of the tau protein is highly immunogenic. The immunized mice had a 24% reduction in soluble PHF1/total tau ratio on western blots (p = 0.04), and a 42% reduction in PHF1 immunostaining in the dentate gyrus (p < 0.03), compared to alum-treated mice. Levels of sarkosyl insoluble human and total tau were highly variable in both groups and not significantly different. Biochemical and histological analyses with other antibodies and of other brain regions is underway. Disappointingly, potential improvements in motor function of the immunized mice could not be assessed since the animals did not develop overt signs of such impairments at the ages tested, in contrast to our previous observation in the same homozygous model (Asuni A. et al., J. Neurosci., 2007). Unfortunately, such changes in phenotype are commonly observed in transgenic mice. These findings indicate that immunological targeting using a pseudo-phosphorylated tau epitope can reduce pathological tau within the brain, further supporting the feasibility of tau immunotherapy.
Experimental investigation of the pulsed electrothermal (PET) thruster (1984)

Burton et al. (1982) have discussed the theory of the Pulsed Electrothermal (PET) thruster, a device which in principle can operate with 70 percent efficiency at a specific impulse of 1000 seconds and higher. It is pointed out that this level of performance would be particularly attractive for orbit raising of large satellites and other near-earth missions, which cannot be easily accomplished by chemical propulsion. The present investigation is concerned with two PET thruster operating modes. A PET thruster was built and tested on a thrust stand. Exhaust velocities for polyethylene propellant vary from 20 to 27 km/sec. Single pulse specific impulse and efficiency measurements based on ablated mass show a thruster efficiency of 37-56 percent in the time range from 1000 to 1750 seconds. It is believed that an improved design with a thruster efficiency in the range from 70 to 80 percent might be possible.
Linear Polarization Resistance Sensor Using the Structure as aWorking Electrode (2014)

A direct method of measuring corrosion on a structure using a micro-linear polarization resistance (mLPR) sensor is presented. The sensor includes three electrodes, where each electrode is fabricated on a flexible substrate to create a circuit consisting of gold-plated copper. The first two electrodes, or the counter and reference electrodes, are configured in an interdigitated fashion with a separation distance of 8mil. The flex cable contains a porous membrane between the pair of electrodes and the structure. A third electrode, or the working electrode makes electrical contact to the structure through a 1mil thick electrically conductive transfer tape placed between the electrode and structure. The reference and counter electrodes are electrically isolated from the working electrode and physically separated from the surface of the structure by 1mil. The flex cable can be attached to the structure through the use of adhesives or in the case of placement in a butt joint or lap joint configuration, by the joint itself. Corrosion is computed from known physical constants, by measuring the polarization resistance between the electrolytic solution and the structure. A controlled experiment using the ASTM G85 Annex 5 standard verifies the precision and accuracy of sensor measurements by comparing the estimated mass loss with witness coupons.
Mie scatter spectra-based device for instant, contact-free, and specific diagnosis of bacterial skin infection (2017)

Rapid and specific diagnostic techniques are needed to expedite specific treatment of bacterial skin infections with narrow-spectrum antibiotics, rather than broad-spectrum. Through this work a device was developed to determine the presence of and species responsible for a bacterial skin infection using differences in Mie scatter spectra created by different bacterial species. A 650 nm LED at five different incident angles is used to illuminate the tissue, with Mie scatter being detected by PIN photodiodes at eight different detection angles. Mie scatter patterns are collected at all photodiode angles for each of the incident light angles, resulting in a Mie scatter spectra. Detectable differences in Mie scatter spectra were found using the device developed between commensal bacteria (no infection) and bacteria inoculated (infection) on the surface of both porcine and human cadaveric epidermis. Detectable differences were found between species of infection, specifically Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus, with differences summarized through principle component analysis. Mie scatter spectra can be detected within a few seconds without skin contact. This device is the first to rapidly and specifically diagnose bacterial skin infections in a contact-less manner, allowing for initial treatment with narrow spectrum antibiotics, and helping to reduce the likelihood of resistance.
Biocatalytic production of glyoxylic acid (1993)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTBiocatalytic production of glyoxylic acidJohn E. Seip, Susan K. Fager, John E. Gavagan, Lawrence W. Gosser, David L. Anton, and Robert DiCosimoCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1993, 58, 8, 2253–2259Publication Date (Print):April 1, 1993Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 April 1993https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo00060a047https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00060a047research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views348Altmetric-Citations30LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Amorphous-silicon thin film transistor with two-step exposure process (2000)

The two-step-exposure (TSE) technology has been developed in application for combination the active layer with metal II layer. And this TSE technology has been applied in our Reduced-Mask process (five-mask) for cost reduction. The result shows that this amorphous-silicon thin-film transistor with four-photolithography process has great potential in mass production.
A NEW TEM-TYPE DEFLECTING AND CRABBING RF STRUCTURE (2009)

A new type of rf structure for the deflection and crabbing of particle bunches is introduced. It is comprised of a number of parallel TEM-resonant lines operating in opposite phase from each other. One of its main advantages is its compactness compared toconventional crabbing cavities operating in the TM_110 mode, thus allowing low frequency designs. The properties and characteristics of this type of structure are presented.
An IC implementation of a hysteresis two-port VCCS chaotic oscillator (2007)

Recently, researchers attempt to use chaos in applications such as chaotic communication, chaotic encryption, combinatorial optimization problems and chaotic computation. Chaotic integrated circuits are essential for a practical implementation of a large-scale chaotic system. A chaotic oscillator based on hysteresis two-port voltage-controlled current sources (2P-VCCS) has been extensively studied. In this paper, we propose an IC implementation of the hysteresis 2P-VCCS chaotic circuit. A prototype chip is designed with MOSIS TSMC 0.35 mum CMOS process. Through SPICE simulations with Spectre and experiments on the prototype chip, we illustrate a variety of dynamics from the proposed circuit including a quad screw attractor.
Novel Surface Reaction Model in Dry-Etching Process Simulator (1992)

A new surface reaction model has been presented to simulate topological evolutions by taking into account the existence of adsorbed radicals on the substrate surface. The model treats the etching rate as a function of the coverage ratio by adsorbed radicals on the surface. Based on the model, a two-dimensional topography simulator has been developed. The simulator is applied to silicon-dioxide trench etchings made by hydrofluorocarbon gases. First, micro-loading effects in an important ion-assisted etching process are studied. It is confirmed that the micro-loading effect is due to the shortage of supplied active radicals inside the trench structure. Secondly, the competitive process between etching and deposition is examined. The side-wall protection phenomena resulting from the process are well simulated.
Expression of the large I antigen forming β-1,6-<i>N</i>-acetylglucosaminyltransferase in various tissues of adult mice (1997)

Large I antigen is specifically formed by a beta-1,6-N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase (IGnT), which is a Golgi enzyme. IGnT converts a linear carbohydrate structure, the i antigen, to a branched structure, the I antigen in N-acetyllactosamines. This conversion has been shown to be developmentally regulated in human erythrocytes. In mouse embryonic development, it has been shown that poly-N-acetyllactosamine plays a critical role in the compaction process (Rastan,S., Thorpe,S.J., Scudder,P., Brown,S., Gooi,H.C., and Feizi,T. (1985) J. Embryol. Exp. Morphol., 87, 115-128.). In order to understand the regulation of IGnT expression during mouse development, the IGnT transcripts were studied using in situ hybridization. The cDNA encoding IGnT was isolated from a murine PCC4 teratocarcinoma cDNA library by nucleic acid hybridization using probes generated from the human IGnT cDNA. The IGnT cDNA was used to produce a fusion protein, which was then used as an immunogen to produce polyclonal antibodies against the enzyme. Nucleotide sequence data was used to design oligonucleotide primers and cDNA probes. The primers and probes, antibodies specific to the fusion protein, and previously obtained human anti-I or i sera, were used to analyze adult and embryonic mouse tissues for expression of IGnT and I antigen. To detect IGnT mRNA, in situ reverse-transcription and polymerase chain reaction were performed on tissue sections using the oligonucleotide primers. Amplified DNA products were detected by in situ hybridization using the cDNA probes. IGnT protein was detected by immunohistochemistry using the IGnT fusion-protein antibody. Expression of the carbohydrate structures was detected using human anti-I or i sera. The results presented demonstrate that IGnT and the I antigen appear in epithelial cells and dividing cells. The antigen also appears to be expressed on cells exposed to the lumenal surface of tissues. These results support the conclusions obtained by the previous studies that IGnT and the resultant I antigen may play critical roles during development and in adult organisms.