gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Effects of buffer layers on the structural and electronic properties of InSb films (2005)

We have investigated the effects of various buffer layers on the structural and electronic properties of n-doped InSb films. We find a significant decrease in room-temperature electron mobility of InSb films grown on low-misfit GaSb buffers, and a significant increase in room-temperature electron mobility of InSb films grown on high-misfit InAlSb or step-graded GaSb+InAlSb buffers, in comparison with those grown directly on GaAs. Plan-view transmission electron microscopy (TEM) indicates a significant increase in threading dislocation density for InSb films grown on the low-misfit buffers, and a significant decrease in threading dislocation density for InSb films grown on high-misfit or step-graded buffers, in comparison with those grown directly on GaAs. Cross-sectional TEM reveals the role of the film/buffer interfaces in the nucleation (filtering) of threading dislocations for the low-misfit (high-misfit and step-graded) buffers. A quantitative analysis of electron mobility and carrier-concentration dependence on threading dislocation density suggests that electron scattering from the lattice dilation associated with threading dislocations has a stronger effect on electron mobility than electron scattering from the depletion potential surrounding the dislocations. Furthermore, while lattice dilation is the predominant mobility-limiting factor in these n-doped InSb films, ionized impurity scattering associated with dopants also plays a role in limiting the electron mobility.
CaaS: Caching as a Service for 5G Networks (2017)

In recent years, demands for rich multimedia services over mobile networks have been soaring at a tremendous pace. Traditional dedicated networking equipment may not be able to efficiently support the phenomenal growth of the traffic load and user demand dynamics while consuming an unnecessarily large amount of energy resources. Recently, mobile content caching, whereby popular contents are cached inside the mobile front-haul and back-haul networks so that demands for these contents from users in proximity can be easily accommodated without redundant transmissions from the remote sources, has emerged as an efficient technique for multimedia content delivery. Mobile content caching is particularly suitable for fifth generation (5G) mobile systems that are being designed to incorporate advanced cloud computing technologies and network function virtualization techniques. Therefore, in this paper, we first propose the concept of “Caching-as-a-Service” (CaaS) based on cloud-based radio access networks, and virtualized evolved packet core, which provides the capability to cache anything at anytime, anywhere in the cloud-based 5G mobile systems to satisfy user demands from any service location with high elasticity and adaptivity, and to empower third-party service providers with flexible controllability and programmability. Then, we study the potential techniques related to the virtualization of caching, and discuss the technical details of virtualization and optimization of CaaS in 5G mobile networks. Some novel schemes for CaaS are proposed to target different mobile applications and services. We also explore new opportunities and challenges for further research.
Garner’s aldehyde as a versatile intermediate in the synthesis of enantiopure natural products (2013)

Since its introduction to the synthetic community in 1984, Garner's aldehyde has gained substantial attention as a chiral intermediate for the synthesis of numerous amino alcohol derivatives. This review presents some of the most successful carbon chain elongation reactions, namely carbonyl alkylations and olefinations. The literature is reviewed with particular attention on understanding how to avoid the deleterious epimerization of the existing stereocenter in Garner's aldehyde.
Endothelium-derived relaxing factor/nitric oxide modulates angiotensin II action in the isolated microperfused rabbit afferent but not efferent arteriole. (1993)

It has been reported that sensitivity to angiotensin II (Ang II) is higher in efferent (Ef) than afferent (Af) arterioles (Arts). We tested the hypothesis that this is due to arteriolar differences in the interaction between Ang II and endothelium-derived relaxing factor/nitric oxide (EDNO). Rabbit Af-Arts with glomerulus intact were microperfused in vitro at a constant pressure. Ef-Arts were perfused from the distal end of either the Af-Art (orthograde perfusion) or the Ef-Art (retrograde perfusion) to eliminate influences of the Af-Art or glomerulus, respectively. Ang II did not alter Af-Art luminal diameter until the concentration reached 10(-9) M, which decreased the diameter by 11 +/- 2.6% (n = 11; P < 0.002). In contrast, Ef-Arts became significantly constricted at concentrations as low as 10(-11) M with either perfusion. Surprisingly, the decrease in Ef-Art diameter at 10(-10), 10(-9), and 10(-8) M was significantly greater with retrograde perfusion (44 +/- 6.9%, 70 +/- 5.6%, and 74 +/- 4.1%, respectively; n = 5) than with orthograde perfusion (16 +/- 4.2%, 25 +/- 2.9%, and 35 +/- 3.5%; n = 9). ENDO synthesis inhibition with 10(-4) M nitro-L-arginine methyl ester (L-NAME) decreased the diameter to a greater extent in Af-Arts (22 +/- 3.0%; n = 11) compared to Ef-Arts with either orthograde (9.5 +/- 2.3%; n = 8) or retrograde perfusion (1.2 +/- 2.1%; n = 6). With L-NAME pretreatment, Af-Art constriction induced by 10(-10) M (14 +/- 4.0%, n = 9) and 10(-9) M Ang II (38 +/- 3.9%) was significantly greater compared to nontreated Af-Arts. In contrast, L-NAME pretreatment had no effect on Ang II-induced constriction in Ef-Arts with either perfusion. In conclusion, this study demonstrates higher sensitivity of Ef-Arts to Ang II, particularly with retrograde perfusion. Our results suggest that EDNO significantly modulates the vasoconstrictor action of Ang II in Af-Arts II but not Ef-Arts, contributing to the differential sensitivity to Ang II.
ECC performance of interleaved RS codes with burst errors (1998)

In this paper, we describe a computationally efficient way of calculating the probability of decoding error when a Reed Solomon code is utilized to record data over a channel that produces correlated symbol errors. We assume that the channel errors can be described by a Markovian model with a small number of states. A simple modification of the transition probability matrix for this Markov model allows one to compute (using a desk top computer with readily available software) the performance of these codes with and without interleaving. Examples are given illustrating the efficacy of this technique.
Directional sources and listeners in interactive sound propagation using reciprocal wave field coding (2020)

Common acoustic sources, like voices or musical instruments, exhibit strong frequency and directional dependence. When transported through complex environments, their anisotropic radiated field undergoes scattering, diffraction, and occlusion before reaching a directionally-sensitive listener. We present the first wave-based interactive auralization system that encodes and renders a complete reciprocal description of acoustic wave fields in general scenes. Our method renders directional effects at freely moving and rotating sources and listeners and supports any tabulated source directivity function and head-related transfer function. We represent a static scene's global acoustic transfer as an 11-dimensional bidirectional impulse response (BIR) field, which we extract from a set of wave simulations. We parametrically encode the BIR as a pair of radiating and arriving directions for the perceptually-salient initial ( direct ) response, and a compact 6 × 6 reflections transfer matrix capturing indirect energy transfer with scene-dependent anisotropy. We render our encoded data with an efficient and scalable algorithm - integrated in the Unreal Engine ™ - whose CPU performance is agnostic to scene complexity and angular source/listener resolutions. We demonstrate convincing effects that depend on detailed scene geometry, for a variety of environments and source types.
A stochastic wire-length distribution for gigascale integration (GSI). I. Derivation and validation (1998)

Based on Rent's Rule, a well-established empirical relationship, a rigorous derivation of a complete wire-length distribution for on-chip random logic networks is performed. This distribution is compared to actual wire-length distributions for modern microprocessors, and a methodology to calculate the wire-length distribution for future gigascale integration (GSI) products is proposed.
Zersingen en Umsingen in die Afrikaanse volkslied (1996)

When folk songs are sung repeatedly without written music and text available, it usually follows that they are colloquially transformed in a number of ways. Words change, lines and words are broken up, parts of songs interchange with parts of other songs and the music is transformed accordingly. Often when words are transformed, the vowels remain unchanged even if the meaning of the word and therefore the meaning of the sentence or line is changed completely or even becomes nonsensical. Folk etymology also occurs spontaneously in this process. For the cultural historian a study of these phenomena occurring in Afrikaans folk songs can open up a wide range of possibilities. Where songs are concerned, sound plays an important part, not only musical sound in the form of melodies, but also the sounds created by the words.
Stacked User Inputs (2010)

Multi-touch tables, iPhones, and iPads are just a few of the many devices to have embraced the mystical power of touch sensitivity. Somehow, without any physical push of a button, these devices can magically “feel” when my finger is touching them! Touch-sensitive technology is perceived to be such a recent addition in devices, that it still holds people in amazement and makes them believe they are living in a science-fiction fantasy. Is this the future for all devices though? The iPhone has proven to be such a success that it seems as though all mobile phone manufacturers are abandoning physical buttons in favor of touch-sensitive panels. This thesis aims to point out that the physicality of interfaces should not be abandoned, but combined with touch-sensitivity. The haptic feedback that I receive while pushing the keys down on my keyboard is an advantage that is quickly lost with the touch-sensitive screen of an iPhone. However, the touch-sensitive screen of an iPhone offers the ability of using natural gestures to provide input to the device, which a physical keyboard is unable to do at all. I propose that a physical interface can be combined with a touch-sensitive interface to create “Stacked User Inputs” that would combine the advantages of both interfaces, into one seamless interaction.
COMPETITION IN THE MARKET FOR TRAVEL INFORMATION SERVICES (2015)

Abstract: The market for travel information has changed dramatically since the intro-duction of Computer reservation systems (CRSs), the real-time computerized travel in-formation databases on fares and availability accessed by travel agents. At the time CRSs were introduced, most were airline owned and most travelers purchased their tickets— via their travel agents—through computer reservation systems. Today, the airlines have divested themselves of their CRS businesses. Travel agents and final consumers now have immediate access to substitute providers of travel information via the Internet that includes a menu of alternative itineraries and fares available directly from air carriers. The non-CRS distributors competing with CRSs provide travel agents alternate access to seat availability of a given airline as well as this information for competing carriers. Not only is this substitute to CRSs available, but it is actually being used by consumers to book an increasing share of airline tickets. Because consumers, in addition to travel agents, can search at low cost the substitute distributors of travel information, bilateral competition between carriers and CRSs effectively organizes and disciplines this market. Key Words: travel information, competitive search, access pricing. 1.
Targeting Sphingosine-1-Phosphate in Hematologic Malignancies (2011)

Sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P) is a pleiotropic bioactive lipid mediator that regulates several processes important for hematologic cancer progression. S1P is generated by two sphingosine kinases, SphK1 and SphK2, and is exported outside the cell, where it activates specific cell surface S1P G-protein coupled receptors in autocrine/paracrine manner, coined "inside-out signaling". In this review, we highlight the importance of SphK1 and inside-out signaling by S1P in hematologic malignancy. We also summarize the results of studies targeting the SphK1/S1P/S1P receptor axis and the effects of the S1P receptor modulator, FTY720, in hematologic malignancy.
Pulmonary changes in a mouse model of combined burn and smoke inhalation-induced injury (2008)

The morbidity and mortality of burn victims increase when burn injury is combined with smoke inhalation. The goal of the present study was to develop a murine model of burn and smoke inhalation injury to more precisely reveal the mechanistic aspects of these pathological changes. The burn injury mouse group received a 40% total body surface area third-degree burn alone, the smoke inhalation injury mouse group received two 30-s exposures of cotton smoke alone, and the combined burn and smoke inhalation injury mouse group received both the burn and the smoke inhalation injury. Animal survival was monitored for 120 h. Survival rates in the burn injury group, the smoke inhalation injury group, and the combined injury group were 70%, 60%, and 30%, respectively. Mice that received combined burn and smoke injury developed greater lung damage as evidenced by histological changes (septal thickening and interstitial edema) and higher lung water content. These mice also displayed more severely impaired pulmonary gas exchange [arterial PO2 (PaO2)/inspired O2 fraction (FiO2)<200]. Lung myeloperoxidase activity was significantly higher in burn and smoke-injured animals compared with the other three experimental groups. Plasma NO2-/NO3-, lung inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) activity, and iNOS mRNA increased with injury; however, the burn and smoke injury group exhibited a higher response. Severity of burn and smoke inhalation injury was associated with more pronounced production of nitric oxide and accumulation of activated leukocytes in lung tissue. The murine model of burn and smoke inhalation injury allows us to better understand pathophysiological mechanisms underlying cardiopulmonary morbidity secondary to burn and smoke inhalation injury.
High affinity nanobodies block SARS-CoV-2 spike receptor binding domain interaction with human angiotensin converting enzyme (2020)

There are currently few approved effective treatments for SARS-CoV-2, the virus responsible for the COVID-19 pandemic. Nanobodies are 12-15 kDa single-domain antibody fragments that can be delivered by inhalation and are amenable to relatively inexpensive large scale production compared to other biologicals. We have isolated nanobodies that bind to the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein receptor binding domain and block spike protein interaction with the angiotensin converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) with 1-5 nM affinity. The lead nanobody candidate, NIH-CoVnb-112, blocks SARS-CoV-2 spike pseudotyped lentivirus infection of HEK293 cells expressing human ACE2 with an EC<sub>50</sub> of 0.3 µg/mL. NIH-CoVnb-112 retains structural integrity and potency after nebulization. Furthermore, NIH-CoVnb-112 blocks interaction between ACE2 and several high affinity variant forms of the spike protein. These nanobodies and their derivatives have therapeutic, preventative, and diagnostic potential.
Novel two-step synthesis of poly(benzothiazoles) via new precursor polyamides from 2,5-bis[(cyanoethyl)thio]-1,4-phenylenediamine and aromatic dicarboxylic acid chlorides (1993)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTNovel two-step synthesis of poly(benzothiazoles) via new precursor polyamides from 2,5-bis[(cyanoethyl)thio]-1,4-phenylenediamine and aromatic dicarboxylic acid chloridesTatsuya Hattori, Kazuhiro Kagawa, Masaaki Kakimoto, and Yoshio ImaiCite this: Macromolecules 1993, 26, 16, 4089–4093Publication Date (Print):August 1, 1993Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 August 1993https://doi.org/10.1021/ma00068a003Request reuse permissionsArticle Views221Altmetric-Citations15LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (581 KB) Get e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
A combination of NADHP and hispidin is not essential for bioluminescence in luminous fungal living gills of <i>Mycena chlorophos</i> (2017)

The chemical mechanisms underlying visible bioluminescence in the fungus Mycena chlorophos are not clear. A combination of dihydronicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) and hispidin, which has been reported to increase the intensity of in vitro luminescence in crude cold-water extracts prepared from the bioluminescent fruiting bodies of M. chlorophos, exhibited potential bioluminescence activation in the early bioluminescence stages, in which the bioluminescence was ultra-weak, for living gills and luminescence activation for non-bioluminescent gills, which was collapsed by freezing and subsequent thawing, at all bioluminescence stages. These abilities were not evident in considerably bioluminescent gills. These abilities were blocked by trans-4-hydroxycinnamic acid and trans-3,4-dihydroxycinnamic acid, which were identified as in vivo bioluminescence-activating components. Original bioluminescence and bioluminescence produced from the addition of trans-4-hydroxycinnamic acid and trans-3,4-dihydroxycinnamic acid in living gills were almost completely inhibited by 10 mM NaN<sub>3</sub> , whereas the luminescence produced form the combination of NADPH and hispidin in thawed non-bioluminescent and living gills at the early weak bioluminescence stages was not inhibited by 10 mM NaN<sub>3</sub> . Thus, the combination of NADPH and hispidin plays different roles in luminescence systems compared with essential bioluminescence systems, and the combination of NADPH and hispidin was not essential for visible bioluminescence in living gills.
Topical estrogen protects against SIV vaginal transmission without evidence of systemic effect (2004)

These data demonstrate that topical vaginal estriol can strongly protect against SIV vaginal transmission, while having no detectable systemic effect. These results support the study of topical vaginal estriol in preventing HIV vaginal transmission in at-risk women.
International validation of a dithiothreitol (DTT)‐based method to resolve the daratumumab interference with blood compatibility testing (2016)

The DTT method is robust and reproducible and can be implemented by transfusion services worldwide to help provide safe blood products to patients treated with DARA.
Significance of Foreign Investment for Korea's Economic Growth (2001)

본 논문은 지난 40년간의 한국의 경제발전 과정에서 나타난 외국인투자의 역할을 점검해 보았다. 목적은 한국의 경험을 토대로 현재 전환기에 있는 베트남과 같은 개도국에 어떠한 교훈을 줄 수 있는가를 알아보는 것이다. 본 논문에서 나타난 바와 같이 1997년 외환위기 이전까지 한국에서의 외국인 기업의 활동은 상대적으로 제한되어 왔다. 이유는 지난 40년 동안 적극적인 산업정책을 통해 국내 산업을 보호하는 일본의 경제발전 모델을 한국 정부가 모방하였다는 데에 있다. 이러한 경제정책으로 인해 국내 산업의 외국인 소유가 상당한 제약을 받아왔으며, 한국 경제에서의 외국인 기업의 역할 및 기여도는 최근까지도 상당히 미미한 수준에 있다. 그럼에도 불구하고 외국인투자가 베트남과 같은 개도국의 경제성장에 기여하는 중요성은 의심의 여지가 없다. 본 논문에서 나타난 것과 같이 한국의 외국인 투자도 비록 국내 경제에서 차지하는 비중은 작지만, 숙련공의 증가, 하청업자에 대한 기술 제공, 새로운 자금상품 및 기술의 도입, 선진 경영기법의 도입, 기업내 연구/개발, 국내 기업의 경쟁력 향상과 같은 여러 가지 부수적인 경제적 효과를 갖는 것으로 확인되었다. 같은 맥락에서 볼 때, 베트남도 외국인투자를 적극 유치함으로써 많은 경제적 이익을 볼 수 있다고 판단된다
Optical symbolic substitution using lenslet arrays (1993)

An optical symbolic substitution using lenslet arrays is presented. By using the shift and the superposition properties of the lenslet array, the recognition and the substitution phases can be performed. The advantages of using the lenslet array for symbolic substitution are efficiency, cascadability, and high resolvability. Experimental demonstrations of the proposed symbolic processor are provided.
Mild Reductive Cleavage of Tryptophan and Histidine Side-Chain Protecting Groups (2001)

The activation potentials of the p-toluenesulfonyl and benzoyl groups as determined by cyclic voltammetry when they are linked to indole or imidazole are less negative than when these groups are linked to aliphatic amines. This makes them most suitable for side-chain protection of tryptophan and histidine, as it allows mild selective cleavage not only by controlled-potential electrolysis but also by chemical reduction using either magnesium in anhydrous methanol or mercury-activated aluminum.
Implication of gluconate kinase activity in <scp>l</scp>-ornithine biosynthesis in <i>Corynebacterium glutamicum</i> (2012)

With the purpose of generating a microbial strain for L-ornithine production in Corynebacterium glutamicum, genes involved in the central carbon metabolism were inactivated so as to modulate the intracellular level of NADPH, and to evaluate their effects on L-ornithine production in C. glutamicum. Upon inactivation of the 6-phosphoglucoisomerase gene (pgi) in a C. glutamicum strain, the concomitant increase in intracellular NADPH concentrations from 2.55 to 5.75 mmol g⁻¹ (dry cell weight) was accompanied by reduced growth rate and L-ornithine production, suggesting that L-ornithine production is not solely limited by NADPH availability. In contrast, inactivation of the gluconate kinase gene (gntK) led to a 51.8 % increase in intracellular NADPH concentration, which resulted in a 49.9 % increase in L-ornithine production. These results indicate that excess NADPH is not necessarily rate-limiting, but is required for increased L-ornithine production in C. glutamicum.
Distributed fusion cross‐chain model and architecture (2022)

Abstract Cross‐chain is the key technology to achieve interconnectivity and interoperability across various blockchain networks. It surpasses traditional single‐chain architecture in terms of the performance, capacity, privacy, economic and technical scalability. Cross‐chain can break barriers between institutions, industries, and regions. This paper integrates existing blockchain interoperability technologies and proposes a distributed fusion cross‐chain model in financial industry. In order to support large scale computing and high availability requirements in financial industry, the model is built on a decentralized architecture and highly scalable. It supports large‐scale isomorphic or heterogeneous blockchain cross‐chain data and state interaction. And it achieves reliable financial value circulation in various underlying blockchain networks.