gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Cardiac Septation (2002)

Heart morphogenesis comprises 2 major consecutive steps, viz. chamber formation followed by septation. Septation is the remodeling of the heart from a single-channel peristaltic pump to a dual-channel, synchronously contracting device with 1-way valves. In the human heart, septation occurs between 4 and 7 weeks of development. Cardiac looping and chamber formation bring the contributing structures into position to engage in septation. Cardiomyocytes that participate in chamber formation do not materially contribute to septation. The (re)discovery of the role of extracardiac mesenchymal tissue in atrioventricular septation, the appreciation that the formation of the right atrioventricular connection is more than a mere rightward expansion of the atrioventricular canal, the awareness that myocardium originating from the so-called anterior heart field regresses after its function as outflow-tract sphincter ceases, and the recent finding that the myocardialized proximal portion of the outflow-tract septum becomes the supraventricular crest have all significantly enhanced our understanding of the morphogenetic processes that contribute to septation. The bifurcation of the ventricular conduction system is the landmark that separates the contribution of the atrioventricular cushions and the outflow-tract ridges to septation and that divides the muscular ventricular septum in inlet, trabecular, and outlet portions.
Enhanced Electrochromic Property of Nickel Hydroxide Thin Films Prepared by Anodic Deposition (1994)

Nickel hydroxide thin films were prepared onto transparent conductive tin oxide (NESA) substrates by potentiostatic electrolyses of a nickel ammine complex solution at various potentials (0.6 to 1.5 V vs. ). Nickel hydroxide thin film (F0.7) obtained at relatively lower anodic potential (0.7 V) showed enhanced electrochromism between colorless and dark brown in a sodium borate buffer solution at pH 12; the absorption spectrum in the colored (oxidized) state was broadened in the visible and near‐infrared region compared with the nickel hydroxide films prepared at the higher anodic potential (1.1 V). Characterization of the films revealed that crystal structure of F0.7 is assigned to , and that its electrochromism is based on the reversible oxidation to hexagonal structure. Composite nickel hydroxide film, i.e., by the electrolytic deposition at 1.1 V followed by that at 0.7 V, showed electrochromic property similar to F0.7 and its durability in repeated redox cycles were much improved in comparison with that of F0.7. Electrochromic properties in switching performance of this composite nickel hydroxide film were investigated.
Channel code with embedded pilot tracking tones for DVCR (1995)

The proper functioning of a digital video recorder is largely governed by the selection of a suitable channel code in conjunction with both the detection method and the tracking system. The channel code for the digital video cassette recorder (DVCR) satisfies a variety of design requirements. The paper provides an overview of those requirements. A detailed description is given of the constriction of the new channel code, called 24/spl rarr/25 code, that complies with the given constraints and involves only a minor drawback in terms of the overhead needed. The servo position information is recorded as low-frequency components, pilot tracking tones, which are embedded in the recorded stream of binary digits.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Quality improvement's new focus yields quantitative results. (1993)

Health care quality improvement methods are now undergoing fundamental change. The emphasis is shifting from inspection of physician practices to continuous improvement of clinical processes validated by quantitative results. This change is long overdue. Traditional quality assurance methods that operate retrospectively and alienate physicians are not useful in a marketplace where quality and cost control are a matter of survival. Physician practices are only as good as the institutional processes they rely upon, and any quality improvement method that alienates physicians is doomed. Quality improvement is impossible without the support of physicians, because true improvement is driven and quantified by clinical data. Physicians are needed to interpret that data.
Interactive Offline Tracking for Color Objects (2007)

In this paper, we present an interactive offline tracking system for generic color objects. The system achieves 60- 100 fps on a 320 times 240 video. The user can therefore easily refine the tracking result in an interactive way. To fully exploit user input and reduce user interaction, the tracking problem is addressed in a global optimization framework. The optimization is efficiently performed through three steps. First, from user's input we train a fast object detector that locates candidate objects in the video based on proposed features called boosted color bin. Second, we exploit the temporal coherence to generate multiple object trajectories based on a global best-first strategy. Last, an optimal object path is found by dynamic programming.
Putative metal binding site in the transmembrane domain of the manganese transporter SLC30A10 is different from that of related zinc transporters (2018)

SLC30 proteins belong to the cation diffusion facilitator (CDF) superfamily of metal transporters. SLC30A10 mediates manganese efflux, while other SLC30 members transport zinc. Metal specificity of CDFs may be conferred by amino acids that form a transmembrane metal binding site (Site A). Site A of zinc-transporting CDFs, such as SLC30A1/ZnT1, have a HXXXD motif, but manganese transporters, such as SLC30A10, harbor a NXXXD motif. This critical histidine-to-asparagine substitution, at residue 43, was proposed to underlie manganese transport specificity of SLC30A10. However, we recently discovered that asparagine-43 was dispensable for manganese efflux in HeLa cells; instead, glutamate-25, aspartate-40, asparagine-127, and aspartate-248 were required. In contrast, another group reported that asparagine-43 was required in a chicken cell line. The goal of this study was to resolve the divergent results about the requirement of the crucial asparagine-43 residue. For this, we compared the manganese efflux activity of four cell types that stably over-expressed SLC30A10wild-type (WT), SLC30A10N43A or SLC30A10E25A: physiologically-relevant hepatic HepG2 and neuronal AF5 cells, HEK cells, and embryonic fibroblasts from Slc30a10-/- mice. In all cell types, manganese efflux activity of SLC30A10N43A was comparable to WT, while SLC30A10E25A lacked activity. Importantly, unlike SLC30A10, the histidine residue of the HXXXD motif of SLC30A1/ZnT1 was required for zinc transport. These results imply that the mechanisms of ion coordination within the transmembrane domain of SLC30A10 substantially differ from previously-studied CDFs, suggest that factors beyond Site A residues may confer metal specificity to CDFs, and improve understanding of the pathobiology of manganese toxicity due to mutations in SLC30A10.
Independent Circadian Oscillations of<i>Period1</i>in Specific Brain Areas<i>In Vivo</i>and<i>In Vitro</i> (2005)

Behavioral and physiological circadian rhythms in mammals are controlled by a master pacemaker in the hypothalamic suprachiasmatic nuclei (SCN). Recently, circadian oscillations of hormone secretion, clock gene expression, and electrical activity have been demonstrated in explants of other brain regions. This suggests that some extra-SCN brain regions contain a functional, SCN-independent circadian clock, but in vivo evidence for intrinsic pacemaking is still lacking. We developed a novel method to image bioluminescence in vivo from the main olfactory bulbs (OB) of intact and SCN-lesioned (SCNX) Period1::luciferase rats for 2 d in constant darkness. The OBs expressed circadian rhythms in situ with a reliable twofold increase from day to night, similar to the phase and amplitude of ex vivo rhythms. In vivo cycling persisted for at least 1 month in the absence of the SCN. To assess indirectly in vivo rhythmicity of other brain areas, we measured the phase-dependence of their in vitro rhythms on the time of surgery. Surgery reliably reset the phase of the pineal gland and vascular organ of the lamina terminalis (VOLT) harvested from SCNX rats but had little effect on the phase of the OB. We deduce that the SCN and OB contain self-sustained circadian oscillators, whereas the pineal gland and VOLT are weak oscillators that require input from the SCN to show coordinated circadian rhythms. We conclude that the mammalian brain comprises a diverse set of SCN-dependent and SCN-independent circadian oscillators.
Clinical Monograph for Drug Formulary Review: Erectile Dysfunction Agents (2005)

A large amount of clinical efficacy and safety data has been published since the market launch of sildenafil in 1998. Sildenafil has the greatest body of efficacy and safety evidence. No comparative studies have been conducted with any of the PDE5 inhibitors. Differences in study populations, primary end points, and measurement tools make comparisons difficult. However, all PDE5 inhibitors appear to be roughly equivalent in efficacy, with minor differences in adverse event profiles. Until more comparative data are available, economic considerations will be a significant factor in choosing ERD products for formulary inclusion.
Diamond for enhanced GaN device performance (2014)

AlGaN/GaN high electron mobility transistors (HEMT) semiconductor technology holds promise for revolutionary improvements in the cost, size, weight, and performance of a broad range of military and commercial microelectronics [1]. However, exploiting the true capabilities of GaN is a compromise between the desired RF performance and the realities of current thermal solutions. In this work we present modeling and integration details on performance of AlGaN/GaN high-electron-mobility transistors (HEMTs) fabricated on freestanding and mounted, heat-spreading diamond substrates. The excellent thermal properties of diamond substrates grown by chemical vapor deposition (CVD) provide a superior heat spreading material for electronic packages. The successful on-wafer integration of diamond with gallium nitride (GaN) has emerged as a critical solution for the expected thermal challenges of the next generation of high power RF and microwave devices.
Preparation and characterization of pullulanase debranched starches and their properties for drug controlled-release (2015)

Linear short amylose and glucan tend to align and aggregate to form hydrogels that hold less water. The drug release properties of debranched starch based tablets can be controlled by the pullulanase modification conditions.
A background time-skew calibration for flash-assisted time-interleaved SAR ADCS with redundant check bit (2014)

This paper describes a timing-skew calibration technique in the flash-assisted (FA) time-interleaved (TI) successive approximation register (SAR) ADC structure, which eliminate the phase error between the frontend Flash ADC's and the sub-SAR ADCs' sampling clocks. Based on the skew information detected by the redundant check bit implemented in Flash ADC, the clocks of the time-interleaved SAR ADCs are adaptively synchronized with that of the Flash ADC. This timing-skew calibration technique is easy for hardware realization, as only one check bit is used. The algorithm is effective in the under-sampling system, which is required by the time-interleaved sub-SAR ADCs.
Skin Retraction Following Suction Lipectomy by Treatment Site (1991)

I identified 500 suction lipectomy procedures involving sites on the body and in the cervicofacial region in 458 selected patients and studied the influence of treatment site on postoperative skin retraction by comparing preoperative and postoperative skin condition. Postoperative skin condition was evaluated first in the immediate postoperative period (second or third day); then at a more remote date (after at least 2 months of follow-up). On the body, restoration of the preoperative condition of the skin was obtained in 94.6 percent of treatment sites in the immediate postoperative period; after a longer follow-up, this proportion was 87.9 percent because of delayed development of modifications. The time interval needed to obtain a stable result increased with increasing age, regardless of the nature of this result, as well as with the total amount of fat removed. On the neck, liposuction improved or even eliminated preexisting skin looseness, and this improvement was even more noticeable as follow-up increased. The neck thus appears as the site of choice for suction lipectomy. On the face, in contrast, favorable results deteriorated over time, a finding that leads me to advocate combination with a face-lift whenever ptosis is present. Thus treatment site obviously has a substantial impact on the potential of the skin for retracting postoperatively.
Chevrel Phases (2022)

Chevrel phase superconductors are a class of materials that have generated enormous interest in the superconductivity community. The fundamental interest in these materials has long included studies of the many Chevrel phase compounds that include rare-earth elements that are found to exhibit the coexistence of superconductivity and long-range magnetic order. The high vapour pressure of the Pb and S makes accurate phase studies difficult. Very careful exclusion of oxygen and water during material fabrication is required to avoid oxygen substituting for the sulphur in the Mo6S8 cluster and is necessary for reliable comparisons between structure/composition and superconducting properties. Thin films have been fabricated using a range of different deposition techniques including sputtering and laser ablation as well as spin coating. The consensus on the phonon density of states in Chevrel phase materials is good. The normal-state resistive properties of Chevrel phase compounds are rather well described in terms of their chemistry and are consistent with band structure calculations.
Protein-tyrosine Phosphatase 1B Mediates the Effects of Insulin on the Actin Cytoskeleton in Immortalized Fibroblasts (2003)

Insulin regulates diverse cellular responses including actin reorganization. The mechanism by which insulin induces formation of lamellipodia in cultured cells is not known but is likely to involve activation of Src family protein-tyrosine kinases. Here we show that protein-tyrosine phosphatase 1B (PTPIB) activates Src, thereby initiating the activation of a Rac-dependent pathway leading to cytoskeletal remodeling. Conversely, expression of a proline to alanine (P309,310A) PTP1B mutant, which cannot activate Src, fails to activate Rho GTPases or cause changes in actin organization. Rat fibroblasts lacking PTP1B expression do not activate Src or Rac in response to insulin and cannot reorganize actin. These results show that PTP1B, best known as a negative regulator of the metabolic effects of insulin, is required for the effects of insulin on actin organization in immortalized fibroblasts.
Research Articles : EMI Shielding Properties of Carbon Nanofiber Filled Poly Vinylidene Fluoride Coating Materials (2001)

The effectiveness of electromagnetic interference (EMI) shielding was measured for poly vinylidene fluoride (PVDF) coating materials containing carbon nanofibers. When the thickness of carbon nanofibers filled PVDF coating materials varied from 25 to 100㎛, the electrical conductivity of coating materials was almost constant around 2.0 S/㎝ except for the case of 25㎛. Although the electrical conductivity should not change with the thickness of coating, the lower value with the thinner thickness could be related to the lack of uniformity at the lower thickness range. The specific surface area and electrical conductivity of filler were important factors for the shielding effectiveness (SE) of the coating materials. In order to apply carbon nanofibers as EMI shielding materials, large specific surface area and high electrical conductivity were desirable. The SE of the coating material showed a high value with the mild heat treatment at 1100℃ for 1 h and was proportional to the electrical conductivity of the coating materials.
LAST (2008)

As flash memory technologies quickly improve, NAND flash memory-based storage devices are becoming a viable alternative as a secondary storage solution for general-purpose computing systems such as personal computers and enterprise server systems. Most existing flash translation layer (FTL) schemes are, however, ill-suited for such systems because they were optimized for storage write patterns of embedded systems only. In this paper, we propose a new flash management technique called LAST which is optimized for access characteristics of general-purpose computing systems. By exploiting the locality of storage access patterns, LAST reduces the garbage collection overhead significantly, thus increasing the I/O performance of flash-based storage devices. Our experimental results show that the proposed technique reduces the garbage collection overhead by 54% over the existing flash memory management techniques.
Fault detection in electric motors by means of the extended Kalman Filter as disturbance estimator (2014)

In this paper, an approach for disturbance estimation in the stator phase currents of an induction machine is presented. The approach is based on the Extended Kalman Filter that uses the extended model of an electrical induction machine (IM) under healthy conditions. The extended model includes additional states (disturbances) that allow discrepancies between the model and the real system to be detected. It is demonstrated through simulation that the method is able to identify anomalies when unmodelled dynamics are induced. Subsequently, the values of the estimated disturbances may be used as inputs to a condition monitoring system in order to detect machine faults, helping to reduce the rate of spurious stops and false alarms, therefore improving the overall process efficiency. Additionally, the disturbances could be taken into account in the control system of the motor improving the machine performance.
The piezoelectric bony window osteotomy and sinus membrane elevation: introduction of a new technique for simplification of the sinus augmentation procedure. (2001)

All of the surgical techniques to elevate the maxillary sinus present the possibility of perforating the schneiderian membrane. This complication can occur during the osteotomy, which is performed with burs, or during the elevation of the membrane using manual elevators. The purpose of this article is to present a new surgical technique that radically simplifies maxillary sinus surgery, thus avoiding perforating the membrane. The piezoelectric bony window osteotomy easily cuts mineralized tissue without damaging the soft tissue, and the piezoelectric sinus membrane elevation separates the schneiderian membrane without causing perforations. The elevation of the membrane from the sinus floor is performed using both piezoelectric elevators and the force of a physiologic solution subjected to piezoelectric cavitation. Twenty-one piezoelectric bony window osteotomy and piezoelectric sinus membrane elevations were performed on 15 patients using the appropriate surgical device (Mectron Piezosurgery System). Only one perforation occurred during the osteotomy at the site of an underwood septa, resulting in a 95% success rate. The average length of the window was 14 mm; its height was 6 mm, and its thickness was 1.4 mm. The average time necessary for the piezoelectric bony window osteotomy was approximately 3 minutes, while the piezoelectric sinus membrane elevation required approximately 5 minutes.
Fractures of the maxilla. (1999)

A basic understanding of midface fractures is essential for those involved in the initial evaluation, emergency and general management, diagnosis, specialty consultation, and maxillofacial surgery of patients with fractures of the maxilla. To achieve the goal of restoring proper form and function to the upper jaw and face, one must be able to recognize, diagnose, and treat maxillary fractures. This requires knowledge of the anatomy and physiology of the midface, as well as modalities of evaluation and treatment. Each of these topics are summarized in this paper.
Detailed analysis of the interference patterns measured in lab-based X-ray dual-phase grating interferometry through wave propagation simulation (2022)

In this work, we analyze the interference patterns measured in lab-based dual-phase grating interferometry and for the first time explain the spatial dependencies of the measured interference patterns and the large visibility deviations between the theoretical prediction and the experimental results. To achieve this, a simulator based on wave propagation is developed. This work proves that the experimental results can be simulated with high accuracy by including the effective grating thickness profile induced by the cone-beam geometry, the measured detector response function and a non-ideal grating shape. With the comprehensive understanding of dual-phase grating interferometry, this provides the foundations for a more efficient and accurate algorithm to retrieve sample's structure information, and the realistic simulator is a useful tool for optimizing the set-up.
QTc Dispersion Predicts Cardiac Mortality in the Elderly (1998)

Background —Increased QTc dispersion has been associated with an increased risk for ventricular arrhythmias and cardiac death in selected patient populations. We examined the association between computerized QTc-dispersion measurements and mortality in a prospective analysis of the population-based Rotterdam Study among men and women aged ≥55 years. Methods and Results —QTc dispersion was computed with the use of the Modular ECG Analysis System as the difference between the maximum and minimum QTc intervals in 12 and 8 leads (ie, the 6 precordial leads, the shortest extremity lead, and the median of the 5 other extremity leads). After exclusion of those without a digitally stored ECG, the population consisted of 2358 men and 3454 women. During the 3 to 6.5 years (mean, 4 years) of follow-up, 568 subjects (9.8%) died. The degree of QTc dispersion was categorized into tertiles. Data were analyzed using the Cox proportional hazards model, with adjustment for age. For QTc dispersion in 8 leads, those in the highest tertile relative to the lowest tertile had a twofold risk for cardiac death (hazard ratio, 2.5; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.6 to 4.0) and sudden cardiac death (hazard ratio, 1.9; 95% CI, 1.0 to 3.7) and a 40% increased risk for total mortality (hazard ratio, 1.4; 95% CI, 1.2 to 1.8). Additional adjustment for potential confounders, including history of myocardial infarction, hypertension, and overall QTc, did not materially change the risk estimates. Hazard ratios for QTc dispersion in 12 leads were comparable to those found for QTc dispersion in 8 leads. Conclusions —QTc dispersion is an important predictor of cardiac mortality in older men and women.