gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Episomal Maintenance of Plasmids with Hybrid Origins in Mouse Cells (2005)

Bovine papillomavirus type 1 (BPV1), Epstein-Barr virus (EBV), and human herpesvirus 8 genomes are stably maintained as episomes in dividing host cells during latent infection. The mitotic segregation/partitioning function of these episomes is dependent on single viral protein with specific DNA-binding activity and its multimeric binding sites in the viral genome. In this study we show that, in the presence of all essential viral trans factors, the segregation/partitioning elements from both BPV1 and EBV can provide the stable maintenance function to the mouse polyomavirus (PyV) core origin plasmids but fail to do so in the case of complete PyV origin. Our study is the first which follows BPV1 E2- and minichromosome maintenance element (MME)-dependent stable maintenance function with heterologous replication origins. In mouse fibroblast cell lines expressing PyV large T antigen (LT) and either BPV1 E2 or EBV EBNA1, the long-term episomal replication of plasmids carrying the PyV minimal origin together with the MME or family of repeats (FR) element can be monitored easily for 1 month under nonselective conditions. Our data demonstrate clearly that the PyV LT-dependent replication function and the segregation/partitioning function of the BPV1 or EBV are compatible in certain, but not all, configurations. The quantitative analysis indicates a loss rate of 6% per cell, doubling in the case of MME-dependent plasmids, and 13% in the case of FR-dependent plasmids in nonselective conditions. Our data clearly indicate that maintenance functions from different viruses are principally interexchangeable and can provide a segregation/partitioning function to different heterologous origins in a variety of cells.
Synthesis and Antitumor Evaluation of 2,5-Disubstituted- Indazolo[4,3-<i>g</i><i>h</i>]isoquinolin-6(2<i>H</i>)-ones (9-Aza-anthrapyrazoles) (1998)

The synthesis and antitumor evaluation of 2, 5-disubstituted-indazolo[4,3-gh]isoquinolin-6(2H)-ones (9-aza-APs) are described. The key intermediates in the synthesis are benz[g]isoquinoline-5,10-diones which are substituted at positions 6 and 9 with groups of different nucleofugacity for SNAr displacements. The initial displacement of fluoride by a substituted hydrazine leads to the pyrazole analogues. Substitution of the remaining leaving group by an amine or BOC-protected amines leads to the 9-aza-APs 12. These analogues were converted into their maleate or hydrochloride salts 13. In two cases, namely, 13x and 13z, sidearm buildup was also employed in the synthetic pathway. In vitro evaluation of 9-aza-APs against the human colon tumor cell line LoVo uncovered for most of the compounds a cytotoxic potency lower than that of DuP-941 or mitoxantrone and comparable to that of doxorubicin. Only analogues 13c, 13n, and 13ff were as cytotoxic as DuP-941. Interestingly, while DuP-941 was highly cross-resistant in the LoVo cell line resistant to doxorubicin (LoVo/Dx), the 9-aza-APs carrying a distal lipophilic tertiary amine moiety in both chains were capable of overcoming the MDR resistance induced in this cell line. The 9-aza-APs show outstanding in vivo antitumor activity against both systemic P388 murine leukemia and MX-1 human mammary carcinoma transplanted in nude mice. At their optimal dosages, congeners 13a-c, 13f, 13n, 13q, 13x, and 13dd were highly effective against P388 leukemia with T/C% of 200-381, while the T/C% value of DuP-941 was 147. In the MX-1 tumor model, 24 compounds elicited percentages of tumor weight inhibitions (TWI) ranging from 50% to 99%. Congeners 13d, 13k, 13l, 13x, 13z, and 13ee emerged as the most effective ones, with TWI% 96, simliar to that of DuP-941 (TWI% = 95). On the basis of their efficacy profile in additional experimental tumors and lack of cardiotoxicity in preclinical models, two congeners have surfaced as potential clinical candidates.
A new polycarbonate fast neutron personnel dosimeter (1978)

Registration of fast-neutron-induced recoil and (n,alpha) tracks directly in sensitive polymers especially polycarbonate foils when etched by the electrochemical etching (ECE) method provides a simple, sensitive, and inexpensive means of fast neutron dosimetry. The wide dose range and a dose equivalent response, negligible fading rate, and insensitivity to X, beta, and gamma radiations make such a method feasible for many neutron dosimetry applications, especially personnel dosimetry. Due to very large size of the tracks, even the unaided eye can be used as a reading device.
High intensity laser beam wavefront diagnostics and correction at the Advanced Laser Light Source facility (2010)

The Advanced Laser Light Source (ALLS) is a Canadian facility consisting of several high intensity laser systems based on Ti:Sapphire technology. These lasers deliver 25-35 fs laser pulse time duration, from 1 mJ up to 5 J energy per pulse, high repetition rate from 10 Hz to 5 kHz, and up to 200 TW of instantaneous power or 50 W of average power. The aim of this facility is, first to produce laser based radiation source ranging from THz up to the hard X-ray and acceleration of high energy particles; second to develop and optimize such laser based sources and study their potential applications in field such as biomedical imaging, time resolved X-ray spectroscopy or molecular imaging. We will present the laser beams wavefront diagnostics and the correction methods by means of deformable mirrors used at ALLS.
Enhanced vascular strain imaging using arterial pressure equalization (2004)

Peripheral vascular strain imaging has limited strain dynamic range since arterial wall deformations only produce small strains under physiologic pressures. A non-invasive method has been developed to apply external force, comparable to the force generated in measuring a subject's blood pressure, to achieve higher strains by equalizing the internal arterial baseline pressure. When the applied pressure matched the internal baseline diastolic pressure of 80 mmHg, strain and strain rate increased by a factor of 10 over a cardiac cycle. The feasibility of this technique is validated through ex- and in-vivo measurements.
Class hierarchy specialization (1997)

Class libraries are generally designed with an emphasis on versatility and extensibility. Applications that use a library typically exercise only part of the library's functionality. As a result, objects created by the application may contain unused members. We present an algorithm that specializes a class hierarchy with respect to its usage in a program P . That is, the algorithm analyzes the member access patterns for P 's variables, and creates distinct classes for variables that access different members. Class hierarchy specialization reduces object size, and is hence primarily a space optimization. However, execution time may also be reduced through reduced object creation/destruction time, and caching/paging effects.
Kerr Nonlinearity induced Optical Frequency Comb Generation in Microcavities (2007)

Owing to the ultra-high optical Q-factors and small mode volumes, fused silica toroidal microcavities are well suited for generation of light via nonlinear frequency conversion. Optical parametric oscillations (OPO) in microcavities have recently been reported in (Kippenberg et al., 2004) and theoretically explained in (Matsko et al., 2005). Furthermore, it has been shown that the parametric process can cascade. The paper shows a typical optical spectrum obtained by pumping an 80 micron diameter toroidal microcavity with a 1553 nm external cavity laser. Highly efficient evanescent coupling from a tapered optical fiber is used to excite the whispering-gallery modes of the microtoroids. The nonzero dispersion of the cavity renders the resonance modes of the cavity non-equidistant. Since the generated OPO sidebands are equidistant one would expect that they are not resonant in the cavity. However, owing to the effect of cavity enhanced cross-and self phase modulation the parametric oscillation and four wave mixing which give rise to the frequency cascade can pull cavity modes equidistant which is experimentally shown here. The measurement principle is based on the fact, that two superimposed equidistant combs can generate an equidistant comb of beat notes in the RF-domain. As reference comb a femtosecond fiber laser frequency comb is used.
Focused apodized forked grating coupler (2017)

The forked grating coupler (FGC) is an optical vortex interface for silicon photonics. Using the structure of a Bragg grating coupler with a calculated forked hologram, the FGC couples optical vortex modes into confined waveguide modes of a photonic integrated circuit. Design methodologies are given, as well as measured performance data from fabricated devices. Data are analyzed with a variety of metrics. The effectiveness of design features are evaluated. Advanced FGC designs are demonstrated with focused forked gratings, allowing feed length to be reduced, and with apodization improving vortex mode fidelity. Some configurations achieve over 25 dB multiplexing crosstalk isolation.
Improved media performance in optimally coupled exchange spring layer media (2008)

We have studied the recording performance of perpendicular exchange spring layer (ESL)-media for hard disk drive recording. In particular, we investigated the role of interlayer coupling by varying the thickness of a nonmagnetic coupling layer (CL). We demonstrate that not only the media writeability is improved upon optimizing the CL thickness, but also that substantial recording performance improvements can be achieved due to improved media noise properties. The potential of these media structures for high areal density recording is demonstrated by performing areal density measurements, which showed a substantial improvement for optimally coupled ESL-media.
KVPO<sub>4</sub>F and KVOPO<sub>4</sub>toward 4 volt-class potassium-ion batteries (2017)

Structurally identical KVPO<sub>4</sub>F and KVOPO<sub>4</sub> are evaluated as positive electrode materials for non-aqueous potassium-ion batteries. KVPO<sub>4</sub>F and KVOPO<sub>4</sub> show highly reversible potassium extraction/insertion with discharge capacities of ca. 92 mA h g<sup>-1</sup> and ca. 84 mA h g<sup>-1</sup>, respectively, and their average discharge voltage reaches above 4.0 V with 1 M KPF<sub>6</sub> EC/PC electrolyte at 2.0-5.0 V. Despite the extraction of large potassium-ions, their lattice volume shrinkages after charging to 5.0 V are 5.8% for KVPO<sub>4</sub>F and 3.3% for KVOPO<sub>4</sub>, leading to stable cycle performance. This is the first report to confirm the charge/discharge behaviours of vanadium phosphate electrodes in 4 V-class K cells.
New bifluorinated liquid-crystal compounds with broad mesomorphic ranges (1989)

Abstract A new family of bifluorinated liquid crystal compounds of general formula has been prepared. Their mesomorphic properties were measured. When n = 1 and A is cyclohexyl, phenyl, 3-bromophenyl or bicyclo[2.2.2]octane, these compounds are characterized by a wide nematic range. Some nematic mixtures with these materials were prepared and their physical properties were measured. These mixtures have a high birefringence (0.16–0.19), a negative dielectric anisotropy (- 2-7), and a large value of the elastic-constant ratio K33/K11 (1.7 at 20°C). In addition when n = 2 and R2 is a chiral chain, compounds (I) show a wide chiral smectic C range, of about 100°C.
Acoustic building infiltration measurement system (2014)

Building infiltration is a significant portion of the heating and cooling load of buildings and accounts for nearly 4% of the total energy use in the United States. Current measurement methods for locating and quantifying infiltration in commercial buildings to apply remediation are very limited. In this talk, the development of a new measurement system, the Acoustic Building Infiltration Measurement System (ABIMS) is presented. ABIMS uses Nearfield Acoustic Holography (NAH) to measure the sound field transmitted through a section of the building envelope. These data are used to locate and quantify the infiltration sites of a building envelope section. The basic theory of ABIMS operation and results from computer simulations are presented.
A high-efficiency out-of-plane fibre coupler for coupling to high index contrast waveguides (2002)

We describe a novel type of grating coupler for butt-coupling between single-mode fibre and integrated ultra-compact waveguides. We have measured 19% coupling efficiency from a fibre to a 240 nm thin GaAs/Alox high index contrast waveguide.
Magnetic, Fluorescent, and Copolymeric Silicone Microspheres (2015)

<b>Silicone microspheres are exceedingly difficult to make</b>. Here, polydimethylsiloxane microspheres (≈1 μm diameter) are synthesized using ultrasonic spray pyrolysis, the first demonstration of a scalable synthetic procedure for crosslinked silicone microspheres. This continuous, aerosol process is also used to directly produce fluorescent, magnetic, and copolymeric derivatives; the potential biomedical applications of these microspheres are explored.
Characterization of an aerated fibrin sealant and its use an innovative wound therapy (2016)

Frontiers Events is a rapidly growing calendar management system dedicated to the scheduling of academic events. This includes announcements and invitations, participant listings and search functionality, abstract handling and publication, related events and post-event exchanges. Whether an organizer or participant, make your event a Frontiers Event!
High-Efficiency Red-Light Emission from Polyfluorenes Grafted with Cyclometalated Iridium Complexes and Charge Transport Moiety (2002)

We report a new route for the design of electroluminescent polymers by grafting high-efficiency phosphorescent organometallic complexes as dopants and charge transport moieties onto alky side chains of fully conjugated polymers for polymer light-emitting diodes (PLED) with single layer/single polymers. The polymer system studied involves polyfluorene (PF) as the base conjugated polymer, carbazole (Cz) as the charge transport moiety and a source for green emission by forming an electroplex with the PF main chain, and cyclometalated iridium (Ir) complexes as the phosphorescent dopant. Energy transfer from the green Ir complex or an electroplex formed between the fluorene main chain and side-chain carbazole moieties, in addition to that from the PF main chain, to the red Ir complex can significantly enhance the device performance, and a red light-emitting device with the high efficiency 2.8 cd/A at 7 V and 65 cd/m2, comparable to that of the same Ir complex-based OLED, and a broad-band light-emitting device containing blue, green, and red peaks (2.16 cd/A at 9 V) are obtained.
Evaluating implicit measures to improve web search (2005)

Of growing interest in the area of improving the search experience is the collection of implicit user behavior measures (implicit measures) as indications of user interest and user satisfaction. Rather than having to submit explicit user feedback, which can be costly in time and resources and alter the pattern of use within the search experience, some research has explored the collection of implicit measures as an efficient and useful alternative to collecting explicit measure of interest from users.This research article describes a recent study with two main objectives. The first was to test whether there is an association between explicit ratings of user satisfaction and implicit measures of user interest. The second was to understand what implicit measures were most strongly associated with user satisfaction. The domain of interest was Web search. We developed an instrumented browser to collect a variety of measures of user activity and also to ask for explicit judgments of the relevance of individual pages visited and entire search sessions. The data was collected in a workplace setting to improve the generalizability of the results.Results were analyzed using traditional methods (e.g., Bayesian modeling and decision trees) as well as a new usage behavior pattern analysis (“gene analysis”). We found that there was an association between implicit measures of user activity and the user's explicit satisfaction ratings. The best models for individual pages combined clickthrough, time spent on the search result page, and how a user exited a result or ended a search session (exit type/end action). Behavioral patterns (through the gene analysis) can also be used to predict user satisfaction for search sessions.
SiGe transformer matched power amplifier for operation at millimeter-wave frequencies (2005)

In this paper, a transformer matched power amplifier for operation at millimeter-wave frequencies is presented. The SiGe single-stage push-pull amplifier uses a stacked transformer above a ground shield for output matching. The millimeter-wave transformer has a high coupling factor k = 0.8 and provides a very compact circuit layout. At 61.5 GHz the class-AB biased amplifier achieves a power gain of 12 dB with 8.5 dBm output power at a 1 dB compression. The saturated output power was measured up to P/sub sat/ = 14 dBm with a maximum PAE of 4.2%.
Intracochlear Electrocochleography: Influence of Scalar Position of the Cochlear Implant Electrode on Postinsertion Results (2019)

Intraoperative intracochlear ECochG through the CI array provides a unique opportunity to explore the impact of the CI electrode on the inner ear. Specifically, a translocation of the array from ST to SV does not seem to change the biomechanics of the cochlear region that lies basal to the area of translocation in the acute period.
Using Average Correction Factors to Improve the Estimated Sound Pressure Level Near the Tympanic Membrane (2012)

Average correction factors can be successfully applied to measurements made along the ear canals of otologically healthy adults, to improve the accuracy of the estimated SPL near the TM in the high frequencies. Further testing is necessary to determine whether these correction factors are appropriate for pediatrics or individuals with conductive hearing losses.
Computer vision approach to detect colonic polyps in computed tomographic colonography (2012)

In this paper, we present evaluation results for a novel colonic polyp classification method for use as part of a computed tomographic colonography (CTC) computer-aided detection (CAD) algorithm. Inspired by the interpretative methodology of radiologists using 3D fly-through mode in CTC reading, we have developed an algorithm which utilizes sequences of images (referred to here as videos) for classification of CAD marks. First, we generated an initial list of polyp candidates using an existing CAD system. For each of these candidates, we created a video composed of a series of intraluminal, volume-rendered images focusing on the candidate from multiple viewpoints. These videos illustrated the shape of the polyp candidate and gathered contextual information of diagnostic importance. We calculated the histogram of oriented gradients (HOG) feature on each frame of the video and utilized a support vector machine for classification. We tested our method by analyzing a CTC data set of 50 patients from three medical centers. Our proposed video analysis method for polyp classification showed significantly better performance than an approach using only the 2D CT slice data. The areas under the ROC curve for these methods were 0.88 (95% CI: [0.84, 0.91]) and 0.80 (95% CI: [0.75, 0.84]) respectively (p=0.0005).
Physicochemical and Biopharmaceutical Characterization of N-Iodomethyl-N,N-Dimethyl-N-(6,6-1 Diphenylhex-5-En-1-Yl) Ammonium Iodide and A Promising Antileishmania Delivery System (2018)

Cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL) is an infectious disease endemic in tropical and subtropical countries. The current drugs have severe drawbacks that restrict their use and enhance the need for better drugs. Recently, the N-iodomethyl-N,N-dimethyl-N-(6,6-diphenylhex-5-en-1-yl) ammonium iodide (C<sub>6</sub>I) was identified as a promising compound for the topical treatment of CL.
Modifications of Color Formers for Placement in Different Layers in a Single-Sheet Thermal Imaging System (2008)

A single-sheet multi-layer thermal imaging system consists of three layers of color-forming components, which are transformed from a colorless crystalline to a colored amorphous form during the imaging process. The temperature required for the conversion to the colored form is different for each of the color formers. These color-forming layers are separated by thermally-insulating layers that are required for addressing each color-forming layer independently, without any undesired color formation in other layers. The conversion temperatures of the crystalline materials can be altered by incorporation of additional components into the color-forming layers. Such additional components allow the placement of the same color-forming, crystalline material in different layers of the imaging system, eliminating the constraint of its intrinsic melting temperature.
Heat-moderating filler for intumescent coatings (1977)

Endothermic fillers improve insulative efficiency without interfering with intumescent properties.
Practical hex-mesh optimization via edge-cone rectification (2015)

The usability of hexahedral meshes depends on the degree to which the shape of their elements deviates from a perfect cube; a single concave, or inverted element makes a mesh unusable. While a range of methods exist for discretizing 3D objects with an initial topologically suitable hex mesh, their output meshes frequently contain poorly shaped and even inverted elements, requiring a further quality optimization step. We introduce a novel framework for optimizing hex-mesh quality capable of generating inversion-free high-quality meshes from such poor initial inputs. We recast hex quality improvement as an optimization of the shape of overlapping cones, or unions, of tetrahedra surrounding every directed edge in the hex mesh, and show the two to be equivalent. We then formulate cone shape optimization as a sequence of convex quadratic optimization problems, where hex convexity is encoded via simple linear inequality constraints. As this solution space may be empty, we therefore present an alternate formulation which allows the solver to proceed even when constraints cannot be satisfied exactly. We iteratively improve mesh element quality by solving at each step a set of local, per-cone, convex constrained optimization problems, followed by a global energy minimization step which reconciles these local solutions. This latter method provides no theoretical guarantees on the solution but produces inversion-free, high quality meshes in practice. We demonstrate the robustness of our framework by optimizing numerous poor quality input meshes generated using a variety of initial meshing methods and producing high-quality inversion-free meshes in each case. We further validate our algorithm by comparing it against previous work, and demonstrate a significant improvement in both worst and average element quality.