gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Robust Doppler classification technique based on hidden Markov models (2003)

A classification algorithm is presented that uses hidden Markov models (HMMs) to carry out recognition between three classes of targets: personnel, tracked vehicles and wheeled vehicles. It exploits the time-varying nature of radar Doppler data in a manner similar to techniques used in speech recognition, albeit with a modified topology, to distinguish targets with different Doppler characteristics. The algorithm was trained and tested on real radar signatures of multiple examples of moving targets from each class, and the performance was shown to be invariant to target speed and orientation and was able to be generalised with respect to variants within a class.
Well Placement Optimization under Uncertainty with CMA-ES Using the Neighborhood (2012)

In the well placement problem, as well as in other field development optimization problems, geological uncertainty is a key source of risk affecting the viability of field development projects. Well placement problems under geological uncertainty are formulated as optimization problems in which the objective function is evaluated using a reservoir simulator on a number of possible geological realizations. In this paper, we present a new approach to handle geological uncertainty for the well placement problem with a reduced number of reservoir simulations. The proposed approach uses already simulated well configurations in the neighborhood of each well configuration for the objective function evaluation. We use thus only one single reservoir simulation performed on a randomly chosen realization together with the neighborhood to estimate the objective function instead of using multiple simulations on multiple realizations. This approach is combined with the stochastic optimizer CMA-ES. The proposed approach is shown on the benchmark reservoir case PUNQ-S3 to be able to capture the geological uncertainty using a smaller number of reservoir simulations. This approach is compared to the reference approach using all the possible realizations for each well configuration, and shown to be able to reduce significantly the number of reservoir simulations (around 80%).
A liquid crystal alignment layer that can be applied to preformed cavities (2020)

This paper describes a robust liquid crystal alignment layer that can be applied to the interior surfaces of a preformed cavity. In this paper, we describe a method of infusing a dye into a microcavity to produce an effective photodefinable alignment layer. Additionally, we demonstrate that after the application of a diffused RM layer, the alignment of the liquid crystal can be rendered insensitive to subsequent light exposure. <i>In this work we make clear the effect of the RM is not stabilizing the azodye layer, but becomes the stable alignment layer</i>. This is demonstrated by using the process described above with the additional step of realigning of the azodye layer to be perpendicular to the surface through photo-bleaching; and showing the alignment of the LC is unaffected by this process. This versatile alignment layer method, offers significant promise for new photonics applications.
Urinary cell microRNA-based prognostic classifier for non-muscle invasive bladder cancer (2017)

Current prognostic tools for non-muscle invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC) do not have enough discriminative capacity to predict the risk of tumour progression. This study aimed to identify urinary cell microRNAs that may be useful as non-invasive predictive biomarkers of tumour progression in NMIBC patients. To this end, 210 urine samples from NMIBC patients were included in the study. RNA was extracted from urinary cells and expression of 8 microRNAs, previously described by our group, was analysed by quantitative PCR. A tumour progression predicting model was developed by Cox regression analysis and validated by bootstrapping. Regression analysis identified miR-140-5p and miR-92a-3p as independent predictors of tumour progression. The risk score derived from the model containing these two microRNAs was able to discriminate between two groups with a highly significant different probability of tumour progression (HR, 5.204; p<0.001) which was maintained when patients were stratified according to tumour risk. The algorithm was also able to identify two groups with different cancer-specific survival (HR, 3.879; p=0.021). Although the data needs to be externally validated, miRNA analysis in urine appears to be a valuable prognostic tool in NMIBC patients.
A Randomised Controlled Trial of a Probiotic<i>Lactobacillus</i>Strain in Healthy Adults: Assessment of its Delivery, Transit and Influence on Microbial Flora and Enteric Immunity (2002)

In several intestinal disease states, altered microflora, impaired gut barrier and:or intestinal inflammation offer a rationale for the effective therapeut ic use of probiotic microorganisms. However, for most candidate probiotic organisms there is a lack of evidence detailing their characterisation and effects on host flora and immunity. We have previously reported the isolation and characterisation, from surgically resected segments of the human gastrointestinal tract (GIT), of potential probiotic lactic acid bacteria (LAB). We have also described subsequen t animal experiments that evaluated the establishment, persistence and localisation of specific probiotic Lactobacillus strains within the murine intestinal tract, in addition to their ability to in uence the development of murine inflammatory disorders. In these studies, transit and survival of Lactobacillus salivarius UCC118 at the ileum was demonstrated using enteral tube sampling of six healthy volunteer s following consumption of a single dose (150 ml) of fermented milk-borne probiotic (10 8 colony forming units per ml (CFU/ml)). Subsequently, we performed a randomised controlled trial of 80 volunteer s fed strain UCC118 (10 8 CFU/day for 21 d), using two oral delivery vehicles (fresh milk, n= 20 vs. fermented milk, n=2 0; controls, n= 20 for each). Throughout this feeding period, and for up to 100 days following cessation of feeding, the numbers of total culturable lactobacilli and of the administered Lactobacillus UCC118 present in faeces were monitored. Five subjects (5/40; fresh milk, four; fermented milk, one) were still excreting the probiotic lactobacilli 21 days post-cessation of feeding, while one subject (fermented milk) was still colonised up to 100 days after feeding. Consumption of fermented milk-borne UCC118 cells resulted in significantly increased levels of faecal-borne enterococci and lactobacilli. Numbers of bifidobacteria, coliforms and bacteroides were not significantly altered. In addition, changes in salivary IgA levels against UCC118 cells and increased granulocyt e phagocytic activity were observed following consumption of the fermented milk-borne probiotic. In summary, Lactobacillus UCC118 was found to effectively transit (and persist within) the human intestinal tract, to modify the faecal flora and to engage the immune system. Keywords: controlled trial, probiotic, Lactobacillus salivarius , transit, flora, enteric immunity.
Edge Partitioning in Parallel Structured Duplicate Detection (2010)

We show how edge partitioning, a technique originally developed for external-memory search, can be used to reduce the number of slow synchronization operations needed in parallel graph search. We show that edge partitioning improves on a previous technique called parallel structured duplicate detection by allowing a higher degree of concurrency, even for search problems with little or no inherent locality. For domain-independent graph search, we also show that edge partitioning significantly improves search speed by improving the efficiency of precondition checking. We demonstrate the effectiveness of this approach to parallel graph search for domain-independent STRIPS planning.
The First Analysis and Clinical Evaluation of Native Breast Tissue Using Differential Phase-Contrast Mammography (2011)

We present the first ex vivo images of fresh, native breast tissue obtained from mastectomy specimens using grating interferometry. This technique yields improved diagnostic capabilities when compared with conventional mammography, especially when discerning the type of malignant conversions and their breadth within normal breast tissue. These promising results advance us toward the ultimate goal, using grating interferometry in vivo on humans in a clinical setting.
Abstract 4636: AMF-1c-120: an antibody specific for misfolded prion protein expressed on ovarian cancer cells. (2013)

Abstract We tested the hypothesis that cancer cells might display misfolded protein molecules at the cell surface, due to oxidative covalent modifications, defective glycosylation, and/or other factors relevant to cancer. We developed a computational algorithm to predict regions of proteins which were most likely to undergo loss of structure and resemble free unstructured peptides against which antibodies could be generated and screened. Antibodies directed against these misfolding-prone regions, termed disease-specific epitopes (DSEs), are therefore expected to recognize cancer cells while sparing natively folded proteins on healthy cells. We have applied this strategy to develop an antibody that is specific for ovarian cancer cells, which does not bind to normal ovarian epithelium. Using the ProMIS™ computational algorithm to predict unstable regions in proteins, three DSEs in the prion protein (PrP) were identified. Ultra-high sensitivity antibodies are required for binding to isolated misfolded protein molecules at the cell surface, and thus rabbits were immunized with peptides corresponding to the PrP DSE sequences and rabbit monoclonal anti-peptide antibodies were generated. One antibody, AMF-1c-120, has sub-nanomolar binding affinity for denatured PrP, but does not bind to native PrP. AMF-1c-120 binds to four ovarian tumor cell lines and one ovarian tumor implanted and propagated in mice, but does not bind to normal ovarian epithelial cells. Proteinase K sensitivity of the AMF-1c-120 epitope is consistent with partial denaturation of PrP at the cell surface of ovarian cancer cell lines. Preclinical efficacy studies are in progress to investigate the anti-tumor effects of AMF-1c-120. Citation Format: Marni D. Uger, Viengthong Chai, Veronica Ciolfi, Hui Chen, Ewa Plawinski, Tapfuma Mutukura, Andrew Sage, Ryan Demers, Leo Lau, Pierre Lee, Xiuwen Liu, Jun Guan, Yuzhuo Wang, William C. Guest, Steven S. Plotkin, Neil R. Cashman. AMF-1c-120: an antibody specific for misfolded prion protein expressed on ovarian cancer cells. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 104th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2013 Apr 6-10; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2013;73(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 4636. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2013-4636
Cellular Nanodiscs Made from Bacterial Outer Membrane as a Platform for Antibacterial Vaccination (2022)

Vaccination has become an increasingly attractive strategy for protecting against antibiotic-resistant infections. Nanovaccines based on the outer membrane from Gram-negative bacteria are appealing due to their multiantigenic nature and inherent immunogenicity. Here, we develop cellular nanodiscs made of bacterial outer membrane (OM-NDs), as a platform for antibacterial vaccination. Using <i>Pseudomonas aeruginosa</i> as a model pathogen, the resulting OM-NDs can effectively interact with antigen-presenting cells, exhibiting accelerated uptake and an improved capacity for immune stimulation. With their small size, the OM-NDs are also capable of efficiently transporting to the lymph nodes after <i>in vivo</i> administration. As a result, the nanovaccine is effective at eliciting potent humoral and cellular immune responses against <i>P. aeruginosa</i>. In a murine model of pneumonia, immunization with OM-NDs confers strong protection against subsequent lung infection, resulting in improved survival, reduced bacterial loads, and alleviation of immune overactivation. Overall, this report illustrates the advantages of cellular nanodiscs, which can be readily generalized to other pathogens and may be applied toward other biomedical applications.
Thermochemical production of hydrogen and oxygen from water. [reaction of transition metal or lanthanide compounds and a hydrogen halide] (1977)

A process is disclosed which produces hydrogen and oxygen from water by means of a multi-step, closed, thermochemical cycle. Hydrogen and oxygen are produced at separate stations. Hydrogen and a halogen are produced by a sub-cycle involving transition metal or lanthanide compounds (depending on the halogen) and a hydrogen halide. Oxygen and the hydrogen halide are produced in a sub-cycle involving magnesium or transition metal compounds (depending on the halogen), the halogen and water. When the halogen is chlorine the transition metals in the oxygen producing sub-cycle can be nickel, cobalt, or yttrium and the lanthanide metals in the hydrogen producing sub-cycle can be samarium, europium, or ytterbium. When the halogen is bromine, the metals in the oxygen producing sub-cycle can be manganese or cobalt and the metals in the hydrogen producing sub-cycle can be vanadium or chromium.
A 40 MHz high frequency ultrasound embedded epidural needle for assisting epidural access in pig study (2010)

Anesthesiologists rely on his or her hand-feeling and experience to insert the epidural needle into the epidural space when conducting epidural anesthesia. With no direct guiding and reporting on the distance between the epidural needle and the epidural space, this practice is fully depending on anesthesiologist's experience. Hence, it is a challenge for the less experienced anesthesiologist to properly insert the epidural needle into the epidural space. In this study, we have developed a high frequency needle ultrasound transducer to assist the epidural space access. By inserting the high frequency needle ultrasound transducer into the hollow chamber of the epidural needle, the distance between the tip of the epidural needle, ligament flavum, and dura mater can be measured in real time by monitoring the reflected ultrasound signal in A-mode display. We have successfully applied the needle ultrasound transducer to assist in vivo epidural space insertion in a porcine model.
Mechanism of formation of novel bone forming cells (monoosteophils) from LL-37 treated monocytes. (111.26) (2011)

Abstract BACKGROUND: Bone generation and maintenance involve osteoblasts, osteoclasts, and osteocytes. However, an incomplete understanding of bone forming cells during wound healing has led to an unfilled clinical need such as nonunion of bone fractures. Recently, our published paper showed that LL-37, the active peptide of human cathelicidin, has an ability to induce monocyte differentiation to a new type of bone forming cells (monoosteophils). We now have investigated the mechanism of monoosteophil formation. RESULTS: Treatment of monocytes from blood with LL-37 for 6 days resulted in their differentiation to monoosteophils. Monoosteophil on osteologic discs built bone-like nodules which consist of calcium and phosphorus. Monoosteophils are identified by up-regulation of integrin a3 and a3b1 and down-regulation of CD14, CD16, CD32, and CD163 on the membrane. Microarry analyses indicated the differential expression of 206 genes in the formation of monoosteophils. Among these genes we found elevated level of CCL22. CONCLUSION: the present study demonstrated that integrin a3 and a3b1, CD14, CD16, CD32, and CD163 can be used as differentiation markers of monoosteophils and that the chemokine CCL22 may be involved in their formation.
Test vector compression using EDA-ATE synergies (2003)

This paper presents a new test vector compression technique, which utilizes synergies between Automatic Test Pattern Generation (ATPG) tools provided by EDA (Electronic Design Automation) vendors and Automatic Test Equipment (ATE). The basic approach is to achieve significant compression by agreeing between ATE and ATPG on how to fill don't care values in the test vectors such that these bits need not be stored on ATE and also possibly not communicated to DUT if decompression is done on chip. Our new technique allows sub-vector level fine grained mixing of pseudo-randomly generated bits and ATPG generated bits. Experimental results, on an actual industrial network processor design, show a compression ratio of about 17x.
Identification of a novel breast cancer molecular subgroup associated with a deficiency in DNA-damage response. (2011)

10511 Background: Loss of a functional DNA-damage response (DDR) sensitizes tumors to DNA-damaging as well as targeted therapeutics such as PARP-1 inhibitors. However, there is no assay to detect DDR proficiency and guide therapeutic choice. Although abrogation of the DDR can result from multiple mechanisms, including loss of components of the BRCA/Fanconi anemia pathway, the resultant DNA-damage may activate common molecular pathways. We hypothesized that these pathways could define a molecular subgroup and form the basis of a diagnostic test for sensitivity to DNA-damaging and targeted therapies. Methods: Using DNA-microarray technology, we profiled a cohort of BRCA mutant enriched and thus DDR-deficient (DDRD) primary breast tumor samples. Hierarchical agglomerative clustering analysis was performed and identified a molecular subtype in breast cancer characterized by activation of pathways known to respond to DNA damage. Computational classification was performed resulting in the generation of a gene signature that could identify this DDRD molecular subgroup. Results: A subset of tumors was identified as displaying biology associated with DDRD. Computational classification was performed based upon expression of this DDRD-related biology resulting in the generation of a 44-gene signature. Retrospective validation in independent breast cancer datasets indicated that the DDRD signature was predictive of response to anthracycline-based chemotherapy with an odds ratio of 15.02 (CI 3.51 – 63.49). In addition, the signature could accurately identify non-responding patients with a negative predictive value of 0.96 (CI 0.88-0.99). Conclusions: We report the identification of a novel molecular subgroup associated with a deficiency in DDR that can be identified in both ER-positive and ER-negative breast cancer using a 44-gene signature. This subgroup is enriched for BRCA1/2 mutant tumors and demonstrates sensitivity to DNA-damaging agents. We propose that the DDRD signature could be used as a patient stratification tool for existing chemotherapy or as a clinical trial enrichment tool for DNA-damaging or repair targeted drugs in development.
Changes of Mineral Phases in MgO-added Self-fluxed Pellets during Indurating Process (1980)

The changes of mineral phases in MgO-added self-fluxed pellets during indurating process, were investigated through quantitative analysis by means of EPMA and a microscopic observation.Sampled pellets with the variation of 0, 1, 2, and 4% of MgO contents and 0.5, 1.5, 2.0 of CaO/SiO2 ratios, were made by laboratory-scale electric furnace at 1 200, 1 250, and 1 300°C of indurating temperature.The results are as follows :(1) Major change of mineral phase by adding MgO component to lime-fluxed pellets is the formation of a magnesio-ferrite phase. Forming amounts of magnesio-ferrite and MgO contents in this phase are increased or decreased respectively with the increase of CaO/SiO2 ratio and indurating temperature. The chemical formula of this phase is showed as (Mg0.50.8·Fe0.20.5) Fe2O4 in pellet outer portion, and as (Mg0.30.5·Fe0.70.5) Fe2O4 in pellet center portion.(2) Mineral phases except iron oxide are a calcium ferrite and three kinds of slags with about 0.5, 1.0 and 1.42.0 of CaO/SiO2 ratio. The formation of these phases changes by CaO/SiO2 ratio and indurating temperature. MgO and Fe2O3 contents in slag phases decrease with the increase of CaO/SiO2 ratio of slag. MgO contents in calcium ferrite increase to 2.53.0% by adding MgO component.
PCEP extension to support reporting of dynamic tunnels (2018)

In a SDN environment, path computation element protocol(PCEP) (RFC
5440) is used between a controller and the network devices, using
which controller can setup and tear down Resource ReserVation Protocol
(RSVP) based label switched paths(LSPs) in the network having Path
Computation Client (PCC) as Label Switched Router (LSR). In an
environment where dynamic tunnels are used to provide MPLS based
customer services instead of a Label Switched Path, the specifications
lacks a method to report the Dynamic tunnels over PCEP session to PCE.
This draft defines a method to advertise the dynamic tunnels via PCEP
session to PCE. This document proposes new object TLV that can be
used to report dynamic tunnels to the PCE.
Development and Testing of an Interface for Real-Time Visualization of Resin Flow in Composites (1998)

Abstract : The manufacture of polymer composite materials has benefited greatly from the development of computer-based simulation tools and sensor-based instrumentation. The present research offers a unique and powerful interface for collecting, integrating, analyzing, and rendering critical data related to a dynamic composite manufacturing process. These operations are executed in real time over the internet, permitting unprecedented flexibility and speed in deploying and using the manufacturing tools. These tools include, but are not limited to, resin flow sensors, a model-based resin-flow reconstruction procedure, and a user friendly display for remotely manipulating and monitoring composite process events. The interface developed herein is critical not only in improving the fundamental visualization of a process but also as a means of practically communicating process information between geographically distinct locations. Thus, manufacturing concerns with only modest computer infrastructure can remotely leverage these tools to improve the quality, performance, and cost of their products without the need for significant investment in high performance computing infrastructure.
Position estimation of transceivers in communication networks (2005)

With rapid developments in wireless sensor networks, there is a growing need for transceiver position estimation independent of GPS, which may not be available in indoor networks. Our approach is to use range estimates from time-of-flight (TOF) measurements, a technique well suited to large bandwidth physical links, such as in ultra-wideband (UWB) systems. In our UWB systems, pulse duration less than 200 psecs can easily be resolved to less than a foot. Assuming an encoded UWB physical layer, we first test positioning accuracy using simulations. We are interested in sensitivity to range errors and the required number of ranging nodes, and we show that in a high-precision environment, such as UWB, the optimal number of transmitters is four. Four transmitters with /spl plusmn/20 ft. range error can locate a receiver to within one or two feet. We then implement these algorithms on an 802.11 wireless network and demonstrate the ability to locate a network access point to approximately 20 feet.