gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Toothbrushing Region Detection Using Three-Axis Accelerometer and Magnetic Sensor (2011)

Due to the possible occurrence of periodontal disease at an early age, it is important to have proper toothbrushing habits as early as possible. With this aim, the feasibility and concept of a smart toothbrush (ST) capable of tracing toothbrushing motion and orientation information was suggested. In this study, we proposed the advanced ST system and brushing region classification algorithm. In order to trace the brushing region and the orientation of a toothbrush in the mouth, we required the absolute coordinate information of ST. By using tilt-compensated azimuth (heading) algorithm, we found the inclination and orientation information of the toothbrush, and the orientation information while brushing inner tooth surfaces showed specific heading features that could be reliably discriminated from other brushing patterns. In order to evaluate the feasibility of clinical usage of the proposed ST, 16 brushing regions were investigated by 15 individual healthy subjects. The proposed ST system demonstrated 97.1%(±0.91) of the region detection accuracy and 15 brushing regions could be classified. This study also showed that the proposed ST system may be helpful for dental care personnel in patient education and instruction for oral hygiene regarding brushing habits.
A Novel Synthesis of 3-Aryl-5-tert-butyl-4-oxazolin-2-ones. (1996)

An efficient synthetic method for 3-aryl-5-butyl-4-oxazolin-2-ones (6) is described. The reaction of ethyl N-arylcarbamates (10) with 1-bromo-3, 3-dimethyl-2-butanone (9a) or 1-bromo-3-ethyl-3-methyl-2-pentanone (9b) using 2.2 eq of lithium bis(trimethylsilyl)amide afforded 6 in good yields. The reaction mechanisms are discussed.
Identification and Characterization of Two Functional Domains within the Murine Heavy-Chain Enhancer (1988)

We have investigated the effect of polymerizing defined segments of the immunoglobulin heavy-chain enhancer on the activity of a single, linked transcription unit. Transient assays in lymphoid cells have led to the following observations. First, polymerizing the entire enhancer led to an increase in overall transcription. Second, polymerizing defined DNA segments revealed two distinct functional domains within the enhancer. Although each domain alone possessed only partial enhancer activity, greater than wild-type levels of activity could be obtained upon polymerization. One of these domains contains three regions thought to be involved in protein binding in vivo and in vitro (E motifs E1, E2, and E3). The other domain contains the fourth E motif (E4) and the conserved octanucleotide, ATTTGCAT. We have tested the functional importance of these motifs by determining the effect of mutating these elements singly or in combination in the context of the isolated domains. Although E2, E3, E4, and the octanucleotide are clearly important for enhancer function, mutation of the E1 motif did not appear to have an effect on enhancer activity in our assay. Transient assays in mouse L cells indicate that nonlymphoid cells are able to use a distinct subset of these motifs.
Home health audit tool--at last! (1981)

Dissatisfied with the use of an audit tool not applicable to home health nursing, administrators of the Missoula Home Health Agency formed a special audit committee to review audits used by agencies around the country. After examining 50 audit tools, the committee agreed that the Phaneuf public health nursing audit did not adequately emphasize nursing care and charting specific to home health agencies but did fit most of their criteria. After redesigning the Phaneuf audit and testing it through two quarterly audits, the new Missoula Home Health Audit tool has been found very satisfactory. The Missoula Audit emphasizes: 1. home health's goal of independent living and/or self-care; 2. service provider-family-patient relationship; 3. nurse-physician relationship; 4. charting and recording; 5. coordination of careproviders. Unlike many existing audit tools, the Missoula Audit is specific to home health nursing, covers the spectrum of home health services, has sensitive scoring which reflects true differences in quality of care, and initially, at least, appears to be consistent from audit to audit.
Fibrosis in the transplanted heart and its relation to donor ischemic time. Assessment with polarized light microscopy and digital image analysis. (1990)

Long-distance procurement of cardiac allografts is commonly used to increase the supply of donor organs but has recently been associated with the development of impaired diastolic function. Therefore, the effect of the total ischemic duration on myocardial fibrosis was quantitatively evaluated in 36 cardiac transplant recipients in whom the ischemic time ranged from 70 to 363 (mean, 189 +/- 83) minutes. Interstitial collagen was quantified with polarization microscopy and digital image analysis in 115 endomyocardial biopsy specimens taken 5-10 days after surgery. The technique, developed for this study, showed excellent correlation with hydroxyproline analysis (r = 0.98, p less than 0.001). Collagen volume fraction in biopsy specimens from the transplanted hearts was significantly greater than that in biopsy samples from seven normal, age-matched autopsy hearts (4.7 +/- 1.9% vs. 2.9 +/- 0.6%, p less than 0.02). The degree of fibrosis correlated with the total ischemic time (r = 0.60, p less than 0.001). Donor age ranged from 10 to 51 years and did not correlate with the degree of fibrosis. No relation was found between the corresponding collagen content and right atrial pressure, pulmonary artery wedge pressure, or cardiac output measured at the time of biopsy. Myocyte damage was observed in eight of the 36 patients and was characterized by a striking loss of muscle birefringence. We conclude that cardiac allograft fibrosis may be identified shortly after transplantation and is dependent on the total ischemic duration.
Replacement of Glycine with Dicarbonyl and Related Moieties in Analogues of the C-Terminal Pentapeptide of Cholecystokinin: CCK<sub>2</sub>Agonists Displaying a Novel Binding Mode (2000)

Recent advances in the field of cholecystokinin have indicated the possible occurrence of multiple affinity states of the CCK(2) receptor. Besides, numerous pharmacological experiments performed "in vitro" and "in vivo" support the eventuality of different pharmacological profiles associated to CCK(2) ligands. Indeed, some agonists are essentially anxiogenic and uneffective in memory tests, whereas others are not anxiogenic and appear as able to reinforce memory. The reference compound for the latter profile is the CCK-8 analogue BC 264 (Boc-Tyr(SO(3)H)-gNle-mGly-Trp-(NMe)Nle-Asp-Phe-NH(2)). However, although tetrapeptide ligands based on CCK-4 (Trp-Met-Asp-Phe-NH(2)) are known to possess sufficient structural features for CCK(2) recognition, none shares the properties of BC 264. Hence we have developed new short peptidic or pseudo-peptidic derivatives containing the C-terminal tetrapeptide of BC 264. Our results indicate that some compounds characterized by the presence of two carbonyl groups at the N-terminus, as in 2b (HO(2)C-CH(2)-CONH-Trp-(NMe)Nle-Asp-Phe-NH(2)), are likely to show a BC 264-like profile, bind to the CCK(2) receptor in a specific way, and display remarkable affinities (2b: 0.28 nM on guinea-pig cortex membrane preparations). This original binding mode is discussed and further enlightened by NMR and molecular modeling studies.
IκBα and IκBα/NF-κB Complexes Are Retained in the Cytoplasm through Interaction with a Novel Partner, RasGAP SH3-binding Protein 2 (2000)

IkappaBalpha inhibits the transcriptional activity of NF-kappaB both in the cytoplasm by preventing the nuclear translocation of NF-kappaB and in the nucleus where it dissociates NF-kappaB from DNA and transports it back to the cytoplasm. Cytoplasmic localization of inactive NF-kappaB/IkappaBalpha complexes is controlled by mutual masking of nuclear import sequences of NF-kappaB p65 and IkappaBalpha and active CRM1-mediated nuclear export. Here, we describe an additional mechanism accounting for the cytoplasmic anchoring of IkappaBalpha or NF-kappaB/IkappaBalpha complexes. The N-terminal domain of IkappaBalpha contains a sequence responsible for the cytoplasmic retention of IkappaBalpha that is specifically recognized by G3BP2, a cytoplasmic protein that interacts with both IkappaBalpha and IkappaBalpha/NF-kappaB complexes. G3BP2 is composed of an N-terminal domain homologous to the NTF2 protein, followed by an acidic domain sufficient for the interaction with the IkappaBalpha cytoplasmic retention sequence, a region containing five PXXP motifs and a C-terminal domain containing RNA-binding motifs. Overexpression of G3BP2 directly promotes retention of IkappaBalpha in the cytoplasm, indicating that subcellular distribution of IkappaBalpha and NF-kappaB/IkappaBalpha complexes likely results from a equilibrium between nuclear import, nuclear export, and cytoplasmic retention. The molecular organization of G3BP2 suggests that this putative scaffold protein might connect the NF-kappaB signal transduction cascade with cellular functions such as nuclear transport or RNA metabolism.
Implementation of four common functions on an LNS co-processor (1995)

We propose a scheme for evaluating four commonly used functions namely, (1) inverse trigonometric functions, (2) trigonometric functions, (3) the exponential function, and (4) the logarithmic function with the help of a logarithmic number system (LNS) processor. A novel idea of series folding has been introduced for computing the above functions, expressed in the form of infinite series. We also show that with a suitable choice of the radix for the LNS we can evaluate exponential and logarithmic functions without using any extra hardware.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Sampling-Based Stochastic Sensitivity Analysis Using Score Functions for RBDO Problems With Correlated Random Variables (2011)

This study presents a methodology for computing stochastic sensitivities with respect to the design variables, which are the mean values of the input correlated random variables. Assuming that an accurate surrogate model is available, the proposed method calculates the component reliability, system reliability, or statistical moments and their sensitivities by applying Monte Carlo simulation to the accurate surrogate model. Since the surrogate model is used, the computational cost for the stochastic sensitivity analysis is affordable compared with the use of actual models. The copula is used to model the joint distribution of the correlated input random variables, and the score function is used to derive the stochastic sensitivities of reliability or statistical moments for the correlated random variables. An important merit of the proposed method is that it does not require the gradients of performance functions, which are known to be erroneous when obtained from the surrogate model, or the transformation from X-space to U-space for reliability analysis. Since no transformation is required and the reliability or statistical moment is calculated in X-space, there is no approximation or restriction in calculating the sensitivities of the reliability or statistical moment. Numerical results indicate that the proposed method can estimate the sensitivities of the reliability or statistical moments very accurately, even when the input random variables are correlated.
AutoBash (2007)

AutoBash is a set of interactive tools that helps users and system administrators manage configurations. AutoBash leverages causal tracking support implemented within our modified Linux kernel to understand the inputs (causal dependencies) and outputs (causal effects) of configuration actions. It uses OS-level speculative execution to try possible actions, examine their effects, and roll them back when necessary. AutoBash automates many of the tedious parts of trying to fix a misconfiguration, including searching through possible solutions, testing whether a particular solution fixes a problem, and undoing changes to persistent and transient state when a solution fails. Our results show that AutoBash correctly identifies the solution to several CVS, gcc cross-compiler, and Apache configuration errors. We also show that causal analysis reduces AutoBash's search time by an average of 35% and solution verification time by an average of 70%.
Indirect Hemolysis Test in the Serodiagnosis of Bovine Brucellosis (1981)

An indirect hemolysis (IHL) test was compared with 4 other serologic procedures in sensitivity and specificity, using bacteriologic findings from cattle in Brucella-infected herds. The test was more sensitive than the complement-fixation and tube agglutination tests, was similar to the Rivanol test, and was slightly inferior to the card test. It was more specific than the Rivanol, card, and tube agglutination tests, but had less specificity than the complement-fixation test. Results of all procedures were affected in varying degrees by the method of vaccination and time period of sample collections after vaccination. Twenty vaccinated Brucella-free adult cattle were also studied, using the IHL and other tests. Only a few cattle that were previously vaccinated had reactions to the IHL test.
Host genetic factors affecting hepatitis B infection outcomes: Insights from genome-wide association studies (2018)

The clinical outcome of hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection depends on the success or failure of the immune responses to HBV, and varies widely among individuals, ranging from asymptomatic self-limited infection, inactive carrier state, chronic hepatitis, cirrhosis, hepatocellular carcinoma, to liver failure, depending on the success or failure of immune response to HBV. Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) identified key genetic factors influencing the pathogenesis of HBV-related traits. In this review, we discuss GWAS for persistence of HBV infection, antibody response to hepatitis B vaccine, and HBV-related advanced liver diseases. HBV persistence is associated with multiple genes with diverse roles in immune mechanisms. The strongest associations are found within the classical human leukocyte antigen (HLA) genes, highlighting the central role of antigen presentation in the immune response to HBV. Associated variants affect both epitope binding specificities and expression levels of HLA molecules. Several other susceptibility genes regulate the magnitude of adaptive immune responses, determining immunity <i>vs</i> tolerance. HBV persistence and nonresponse to vaccine share the same risk variants, implying overlapping genetic bases. On the other hand, the risk variants for HBV-related advanced liver diseases are largely different, suggesting different host-virus dynamics in acute <i>vs</i> chronic HBV infections. The findings of these GWAS are likely to pave the way for developing more effective preventive and therapeutic interventions by personalizing the management of HBV infection.
Elevator was Worked by Water and Water Pump (2012)

In this research, it has been attempted to show that some elevators work with water and their energy consumption could be reduced because of water pump usage instead of powerful gear motor of the present day elevators. Power of gear motor elevators is between 3.7 to 7.5 kw and the power of water pump elevator is 1.5 kw. Water, a tank of counter weight and water pumps operate this elevator. Consequently, it can save energy especially when two or more elevators are placed adjacent to each other. The discussion of this study concentrates on the dynamic simulation and physics of this type of elevators.
Prevention of Left Ventricular Remodelling after Acute Myocardial Infarction: An Update (2010)

Left ventricular remodelling is a progressive process, which starts immediately after acute myocardial infarction and evolves in the chronic phase of heart failure. It is characterized by left ventricular chamber dilatation and increased wall stress, which results in alteration of the contractile properties of the non-infarct zone and impairment of the systolic and diastolic performances of the left ventricle. Neurohormonal activation and increased sympathetic stimulation are among the factors that have been linked to the development and progression of left ventricular dysfunction after acute myocardial infarction. The present review will address recent insights from new patents and experimental studies of drugs, which ought to prevent left ventricular remodelling. Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors, Angiotensin Receptor Blockers and Beta-Blockers have been proven effective in modulating the process of remodelling and in reducing the occurrence of adverse events. However, in most of the trials high risk patients have been excluded, and uncertainty still exists regarding a number of clinically relevant questions. Data from experimental studies have identified new targets for interventions to prevent reverse left ventricular remodelling, i.e. stem cell transfer, activation of cardiac and leukocyte-dependent oxidant stress pathways, inflammatory pathway activation, matrix-metalloproteinase activation. © 2010 Bentham Science Publishers Ltd.
Security Compliance Tracking of Processes in Networked Cooperating Systems. (2015)

Systems of systems that collaborate for a common purpose are called cooperating systems. Typical examples of novel cooperating systems are electronic health systems and electronic money Transfer systems but also critical infrastructures, such as future vehicular ad hoc networks and distributed air traffic management systems. Business processes and technical workflows control the cooperation of the networked systems. Important safety and security goals of the applications, Business goals, and external compliance requirements create security obligations for such processes. These processes must not only be secure, they must be demonstrably so. To support this, we present an approach for security compliance tracking of processes in networked cooperating systems using an advanced method of predictive security analysis at runtime. At that, operational models are utilized for: (a) tracking conformance of process behavior with respect to the specification, (b) detection of behavior anomalies which indicate possible attacks, (c) tracking compliance of process behavior with respect to safety and security requirements, and (d) prediction of possible violations of safety and security policies in the near future. We provide an extensive background analysis, introduce the model-based conformance tracking and uncertainty management algorithm, and describe security compliance tracking and model-based behavior prediction. We demonstrate the implementation of the proposed approach on a critical infrastructure scenario from a European research project.
Interacting with Distant Objects in Augmented Reality (2018)

Augmented reality (AR) applications can leverage the full space of an environment to create immersive experiences. However, most empirical studies of interaction in AR focus on interactions with objects close to the user, generally within arms reach. As objects move farther away, the efficacy and usability of different interaction modalities may change. This work explores AR interactions at a distance, measuring how applications may support fluid, efficient, and intuitive interactive experiences in room-scale augmented reality. We conducted an empirical study (N = 20) to measure trade-offs between three interaction modalities-multimodal voice, embodied freehand gesture, and handhelds devices-for selecting, rotating, and translating objects at distances ranging from 8 to 16 feet (2.4m-4.9m). Though participants performed comparably with embodied freehand gestures and handheld remotes, they perceived embodied gestures as significantly more efficient and usable than device-mediated interactions. Our findings offer considerations for designing efficient and intuitive interactions in room-scale AR applications.
Effect of executive compensation and share ownership on financial performance of listed deposit money banks in Nigeria (2020)

It has remained a paradox whether people will be motivated if they believe that strong effort will lead to good performance and good performance will lead to desired rewards. Studies in this area have reported conflicting findings. To this end, the study examines the effect of executive compensation and share ownership on financial performance of listed Deposit Money Banks in Nigeria. Executive compensation variables were proxied with Chief Executive Officer (CEO) Pay, Chairman’s compensation and highest paid director, while percentage of shares owned by executive represent the share ownership. Financial performance was measured using net interest margin. Robust Ordinary Least Square regression technique was used for the estimation, while Stata 13 was employed as tool of data analysis. Secondary source of data was utilized and were obtained from the annual reports and accounts of the banks over the period 2007-2018. Robustness tests such as normality test of error term, multicollinearity and heteroscedasticity tests were conducted to validate the results. The findings reveal that, CEO Pay has significant positive effect on financial performance of banks, while chairmen compensation and highest paid director have negative influence on financial performance of banks. Furthermore, the increase in share ownership of the executives in the banking sector is an effective means through which the financial performance of the banks could be enhanced. It is therefore recommended that the management should tie the payment of CEO of the banks to performance. The regulators such as Central Bank of Nigeria and Securities and Exchange Commission) should encourage the banks management to be mindful when increasing the level of compensation paid to chairmen and highest paid directors without commensurate share ownership in the banks by them as they may become complacent towards encouraging increased financial performance.   Key words: Net interest margin, executive compensation, share ownership and pay-performance theory.
Deep Learning Recommendation Model for Personalization and Recommendation Systems (2019)

With the advent of deep learning, neural network-based recommendation models have emerged as an important tool for tackling personalization and recommendation tasks. These networks differ significantly from other deep learning networks due to their need to handle categorical features and are not well studied or understood. In this paper, we develop a state-of-the-art deep learning recommendation model (DLRM) and provide its implementation in both PyTorch and Caffe2 frameworks. In addition, we design a specialized parallelization scheme utilizing model parallelism on the embedding tables to mitigate memory constraints while exploiting data parallelism to scale-out compute from the fully-connected layers. We compare DLRM against existing recommendation models and characterize its performance on the Big Basin AI platform, demonstrating its usefulness as a benchmark for future algorithmic experimentation and system co-design.