gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
DC-Bias and Power Allocation in Cooperative VLC Networks for Joint Information and Energy Transfer (2019)

Visible light communications (VLC) have emerged as a strong candidate for meeting the escalating demand for high data rates. In this paper, we consider a VLC network, where multiple access points (APs) serve both energy-harvesting users (EHUs), i.e., users who harvest energy from light emitted by diodes and information users (IUs), i.e., users who gather data information. In order to jointly balance the achievable sum rate at the IUs and the energy harvested by the EHUs, the paper considers maximizing a network-wide utility, which consists of a weighted sum of the IUs sum rate and the EHUs harvested energy, subject to individual IU rate constraint, individual EHU harvested-energy constraint, and AP power constraints, so as to jointly determine the direct current (DC) bias value at each AP, and the power of the alternating-current (AC) signals of the users. A difficult non-convex optimization problem is solved using an iterative approach which relies on inner convex approximations, and compensates for the used approximations using proper outer-loop updates. The paper further considers solving the special cases of the problem, i.e., maximizing the sum rate, and maximizing the total harvested-energy, both subject to the same constraints. Numerical results highlight the significant performance improvement of the proposed algorithms, and illustrate the impacts of the network parameters on the performance trade-off between the sum rate and harvested-energy.
Hamming-Distance-Based Binary Representation of Numbers (2018)

Numbers are represented as binary arrays in computer storage. We propose a length-n binary representation of numbers from 0 to 2 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">n</sup> -1 based on Hamming distances such that for any i ∈ {0, ..., 2 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">n</sup> -1}, if a constant number of bits (out of n) are flipped, the normalized L1 distance from the distorted number ierror to i is vanishing when n tends to infinity. More precisely, maxi[(|ierror-i|)/(2 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">n</sup> )]=o([1/(√n)]). A pair of encoder and decoder with O(n) time complexity is presented to establish the Hamming-distance-based bijection between {0,1} <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">n</sup> and {0,1,...,2 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">n</sup> -1}.
Self-Determined Shot Geometry for Open-Configuration Portable X-Ray CT (2023)

Open-configuration portable x-ray computed tomography (CT) is a technology that enables the volumetric inspections of regions of interest on large parts. The open-configuration aspect of x-ray CT allows it to be portable and applicable to large and irregular parts that are not conducive to conventional CT booth setups or ring geometry. The inherent problem with the open-configuration setup is lack of mechanical controls that determine the geometry between the x-ray source, detector, and part. As a result, the focus of this paper is a prerequisite technique to self-determine the x-ray shot geometry from the x-ray shot itself. Additional difficulties pertaining to self-determined shot geometry is that there are nine system unknowns for every x-ray shot as compared to conventional CT that has nine system unknowns total. To address these problems, the technique presented here has three unique features: 1) it consists of only a few known constellation markers, 2) it exploits geometry to break the problem into many to find the global optimum solution, and 3) it reprojects a 3D model of the reference constellation for final geometry refinement. A comparison study is provided to demonstrate the advantages of this solution over random basin hopping, a general purpose global optimization technique. After performing this process for every shot, results show that the geometric error is satisfactorily low for successful CT reconstruction.
Production and Characterization of Monoclonal Antibodies against a Major Membrane Protein of<i>Mycobacterium avium</i>subsp.<i>paratuberculosis</i> (2007)

The Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis 35-kDa major membrane protein (MMP) encoded by MAP2121c is an important membrane antigen recognized in cattle with Johne's disease. In this study, purified recombinant MMP was used to produce two stable monoclonal antibodies, termed 8G2 and 13E1, which were characterized by immunoblotting, epitope mapping, and immunofluorescence microscopy.
Machine learning models to predict disease progression among veterans with hepatitis C virus (2019)

Boosted-survival-tree based models using longitudinal information are statistically superior to cross-sectional or linear models for predicting development of cirrhosis in CHC, though all four models were highly accurate. Similar statistical methods could be applied to predict outcomes in other non-linear chronic disease states.
High-power sensitised erbium optical fibre amplifier (1991)

Much of the recent discussion regarding the systems deployment of erbium-doped fiber optical amplifiers has focussed on the pump source. Ideally, when choosing which pump band to use, one desires high efficiency, quantum limited noise performance, and the availability of a long-lived semiconductor based pump source. Initial experiments focussed on the 800 nm pump band of erbium due to its coincidence with commercially-available high-power AlGaAs diode lasers. Unfortunately, the presence of a strong excited state absorption (ESA) in this pump band severely limits the gain performance and degrades the amplifier noise figure. The pump wavelengths of 980 and 1480 nm have their advantages and disadvantages with regards to gain efficiency, amplifier noise figure and overall system advantages. However, there still remain questions with regard to pump laser reliability at both of these wavelengths. We describe here the operation of the sensitized erbium (Er<sup>3+</sup>/Yb<sup>3+</sup>) optical amplifier using a diode-pumped Nd<sup>3+</sup> laser (DPL) as the pump source at 1064 nm. This approach indirectly utilizes highly non-diffraction limited high-power AlGaAs diode laser arrays and is easily power scalable, a notable advantage for a power optical amplifier. This pumping scheme operates without any noticeable ESA and exhibits a near quantum-limited noise figure. Previous work has focussed on the use of frequency-doubled DPL's at 532 nm as a pump source for erbium fiber amplifiers. In terms of overall efficiency, the utilization of the Nd<sup>3+</sup> DPL fundamental as the pump source is a significant improvement and avoids the operational complexities of the nonlinear frequency-doubling process.
Mixed chimerism and acceptance of kidney transplants after immunosuppressive drug withdrawal (2020)

Preclinical studies have shown that persistent mixed chimerism is linked to acceptance of organ allografts without immunosuppressive (IS) drugs. Mixed chimerism refers to continued mixing of donor and recipient hematopoietic cells in recipient tissues after transplantation of donor cells. To determine whether persistent mixed chimerism and tolerance can be established in patients undergoing living donor kidney transplantation, we infused allograft recipients with donor T cells and hematopoietic progenitors after posttransplant lymphoid irradiation. In 24 of 29 fully human leukocyte antigen (HLA)-matched patients who had persistent mixed chimerism for at least 6 months, complete IS drug withdrawal was achieved without subsequent evidence of rejection for at least 2 years. In 10 of 22 HLA haplotype-matched patients with persistent mixed chimerism for at least 12 months, reduction of IS drugs to tacrolimus monotherapy was achieved. Withdrawal of tacrolimus during the second year resulted in loss of detectable chimerism and subsequent rejection episodes, unless tacrolimus therapy was reinstituted. Posttransplant immune reconstitution of naïve B cells and B cell precursors was more rapid than the reconstitution of naïve T cells and thymic T cell precursors. Robust chimerism was observed only among naïve T and B cells but not among memory T cells. No evidence of rejection was observed in all surveillance graft biopsies obtained from mixed chimeric patients withdrawn from IS drugs, and none developed graft-versus-host disease. In conclusion, persistent mixed chimerism established in fully HLA- or haplotype-matched patients allowed for complete or partial IS drug withdrawal without rejection.
Structure-Function Analysis of the Active Sites of Complement Receptor Type 1 (1998)

Two functionally distinct but homologous sites in complement receptor type 1 (CR1) (CD35) were further characterized by homologous substitution mutagenesis of two CR1 derivatives, each containing one site. In both sites, reducing negative and/or increasing positive charge augmented interaction with iC3/C3b and C4b, supporting a role of ionic forces in the binding reaction. In one case, substitution of Asp at the end of complement control protein repeat (CCP) 2 with an Asn transformed the protein, with negligible cofactor activity and iC3 binding, into a mutant with activities similar to native CR1. Consequently, this protein, one-fourth the size of CR1, is a therapeutic candidate for a complement inhibitor. Another important observation is that the residues between two CCPs contribute to activity, probably because they influence positioning of one CCP relative to the next. The initial characterization of the third CCP of an active site led to identification of three peptides necessary for binding. In line with earlier findings for the first two CCPs, interactions with iC3/C3b are similar but not identical to those with C4b, implying overlapping but distinct binding domains. Moreover, changes in cofactor activity usually, but not always, parallel alterations in binding, indicating that these two activities are separable. We also mapped epitopes for a blocking and a function enhancing monoclonal antibody. Their effects can be explained by epitope location. The first antibody binds near functionally important residues. The second may shield inhibitory (negatively charged) residues. These results represent a comprehensive analysis of the active sites of CR1, which is built of modules found in more than 50 mammalian proteins.
Fiber-optic sensors for pH and carbon dioxide using a self-referencing dye (1993)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTFiber-optic sensors for pH and carbon dioxide using a self-referencing dyeJennifer W. Parker, Olga. Laksin, Clement. Yu, Miu Ling. Lau, Suzanne. Klima, Russell. Fisher, Ian. Scott, and Beauford W. AtwaterCite this: Anal. Chem. 1993, 65, 17, 2329–2334Publication Date (Print):September 1, 1993Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 September 1993https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ac00065a027https://doi.org/10.1021/ac00065a027research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views407Altmetric-Citations72LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
<title>Look-ahead scheduling to support pause-resume for video-on-demand applications</title> (1995)

In a video-on-demand (VOD) system, it is desirable to support pause- resume function. The requirement that each viewer be able to independently pause the video at any instant and later resume the viewing with little delay can cause difficulties in batching viewers for each showing. The conventional approach to support on-demand pause- resume provides one video access stream to disks for each video request. In this paper, we propose a more efficient mechanism to support the pause-resume feature using look-ahead scheduling with look-aside buffering. The idea is to use buffering to improve the number of concurrent viewers supportable. The concept of look-ahead scheduling is not to back up each viewer with a real stream capacity so he can pause and resume at any time, but rather to back it up with a (look-ahead) stream that is currently being used for another showing that is close to completion. Before the look-ahead stream becomes available, the pause and resume features have to be supported by the original stream through (look-aside) buffering of the missed content. It is shown via simulations that the proposed scheme can provide a substantial improvement in throughput as compared to the approach with no batching. Furthermore, for a given amount of buffer, the improvement in throughput grows more than linearly with the stream capacity of the server.
Differential optical <i>PnpN</i> switch operating at 16 MHz with 250-fJ optical input energy (1994)

We present an optoelectronic switch with exceptional optical sensitivity (250 fJ) operating at high speed (16 MHz). The switch consists of a differential pair of optical PnpN devices. Its excellent optical sensitivity directly ensues from the differential switching principle. The operation speed results from the use of a specially conceived PnpN layer structure, called the depleted optical thyristor, in combination with a particular operation cycle. The performance of our switch corresponds to an improvement of about five orders of magnitude in speed for comparable sensitivity, and of two orders of magnitude in optical sensitivity for the given speed as compared to that of conventional PnpN switches.
P-Band Synthetic Aperture Radar for Planetary Subsurface Imaging Applications (2020)

The Space Exploration Synthetic Aperture Radar (SESAR) is a new P-band radar instrument development for planetary applications that will enable unprecedented surface and near-subsurface measurements of planetary bodies including the Moon, Mars, and asteroids. The radar will measure full polarimetry at meter scale resolution, and achieve beam agility through programmable digital beamforming architecture. The radar features a low power, lightweight, modular design, specifically developed to meet stringent launch and operation requirements of planetary instruments. A prototype SESAR system is currently being developed under NASA's MATISSE (Maturation of Instruments for Solar System Exploration) program.
Chemotaxis of the marine bacterium Vibrio furnissii to sugars. A potential mechanism for initiating the chitin catabolic cascade (1993)

Immense quantities of chitin are catabolized by marine bacteria, and this process involves at least three signal transduction systems in Vibrio furnissii. One system, chemotaxis to chitin oligosaccharides, is probably used to colonize chitin particles. But how do the first few cells find this highly insoluble polysaccharide? The following hypothesis is proposed to answer this question: the bacteria respond to soluble chemo-attractants in exudates from injured organisms. Virtually all chitin-producing organisms also contain glucose and/or trehalose, often at high concentrations such as trehalose in insect hemolymph. Chemotaxis of V. furnissii was therefore studied with a variety of sugars. Fructose, ribose, and glycerol are catabolites but not attractants. The cells exhibit weak constitutive taxis to Glc and GlcNAc. After induction, they show a weak response to galactose but are strongly attracted to the following substrates of the phosphoenolpyruvate:glycose phosphotransferase system (PTS): GlcNAc, trehalose, glucose, sucrose, mannose, and mannitol. There is a rough qualitative but no quantitative correlation between the rate of phosphorylation and the chemotactic response to PTS sugars. Trehalose is especially noteworthy because it is phosphorylated at a very rapid rate by uninduced cells but is not an attractant until the cells are induced. We suggest that unidentified inducible factors link the PTS to chemotaxis.
Nanomechanical switch for integration with CMOS logic. (2008)

We designed, fabricated and measured the performance of nanoelectromechanical (NEMS) switches. Initial data are reported with one of the switch designs having a measured switching time of 400 ns and an operating voltage of 5 V. The switches operated laterally with unmeasurable leakage current in the 'off' state. Surface micromachining techniques were used to fabricate the switches. All processing was CMOS compatible. A single metal layer, defined by a single mask step, was used as the mechanical switch layer. The details of the modeling, fabrication and testing of the NEMS switches are reported.
Enzymatic Synthesis and Structural Characterization of Rebaudioside D3, a Minor Steviol Glycoside of &lt;i&gt;Stevia rebaudiana&lt;/i&gt; Bertoni (2017)

Rebaudioside D3, a novel steviol glycoside, is produced by specific UDP-glycosyltransferase of rebaudioside E, a minor steviol glycoside of Stevia rebaudiana Bertoni. The complete proton and carbon NMR spectral assignments of rebaudioside D3, 13-[(2-O-β-D-glucopyranosyl-6-O-β-D-glucopyranosyl-β-D-glucopyranosyl) oxy] ent-kaur-16-en-19-oic acid-(2-O-β-D-glucopyranosyl-β-D-glucopyranosyl) ester, was achieved by the extensive 1D and 2D NMR (1H and 13C, TOCSY, HMQC, HMBC) as well as mass spectral data. Further, hydrolysis studies were performed on rebaudioside D3 using acid and enzymatic studies to identify aglycone and sugar residues in its structure. Rebaudioside D3 is detected in the commercial extract of the leaves of Stevia rebaudiana by LC-MS analysis, suggesting rebaudioside D3 is a natural steviol glycoside.
Development of a Combined MR Fingerprinting and Diffusion Examination for Prostate Cancer (2017)

Purpose To develop and evaluate an examination consisting of magnetic resonance (MR) fingerprinting-based T1, T2, and standard apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) mapping for multiparametric characterization of prostate disease. Materials and Methods This institutional review board-approved, HIPAA-compliant retrospective study of prospectively collected data included 140 patients suspected of having prostate cancer. T1 and T2 mapping was performed with fast imaging with steady-state precession-based MR fingerprinting with ADC mapping. Regions of interest were drawn by two independent readers in peripheral zone lesions and normal-appearing peripheral zone (NPZ) tissue identified on clinical images. T1, T2, and ADC were recorded for each region. Histopathologic correlation was based on systematic transrectal biopsy or cognitively targeted biopsy results, if available. Generalized estimating equations logistic regression was used to assess T1, T2, and ADC in the differentiation of (a) cancer versus NPZ, (b) cancer versus prostatitis, (c) prostatitis versus NPZ, and (d) high- or intermediate-grade tumors versus low-grade tumors. Analysis was performed for all lesions and repeated in a targeted biopsy subset. Discriminating ability was evaluated by using the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC). Results In this study, 109 lesions were analyzed, including 39 with cognitively targeted sampling. T1, T2, and ADC from cancer (mean, 1628 msec ± 344, 73 msec ± 27, and 0.773 × 10<sup>-3</sup> mm<sup>2</sup>/sec ± 0.331, respectively) were significantly lower than those from NPZ (mean, 2247 msec ± 450, 169 msec ± 61, and 1.711 × 10<sup>-3</sup> mm<sup>2</sup>/sec ± 0.269) (P < .0001 for each) and together produced the best separation between these groups (AUC = 0.99). ADC and T2 together produced the highest AUC of 0.83 for separating high- or intermediate-grade tumors from low-grade cancers. T1, T2, and ADC in prostatitis (mean, 1707 msec ± 377, 79 msec ± 37, and 0.911 × 10<sup>-3</sup> mm<sup>2</sup>/sec ± 0.239) were significantly lower than those in NPZ (P < .0005 for each). Interreader agreement was excellent, with an intraclass correlation coefficient greater than 0.75 for both T1 and T2 measurements. Conclusion This study describes the development of a rapid MR fingerprinting- and diffusion-based examination for quantitative characterization of prostatic tissue. <sup>©</sup> RSNA, 2017 Online supplemental material is available for this article.
Novel Copolymers as Dispersants/Intercalants/Exfoliants for Polypropylene‐Clay Nanocomposites (2006)

Abstract The use of various copolymers as dispersants/intercalants/exfoliants in polypropylene (PP)‐clay nanocomposites based on unmodified montmorillonite clays (NaMMT) has been explored. The primary objective of this research has been to find dispersants that allow PP nanocomposites to be formed by direct melt mixing, that are effective with unmodified clays and that comprise only a minor component of the overall composition both with respect to both clay and PP. Two classes of dispersants were investigated: PEO‐based nonionic surfactants and amphiphilic copolymers based on a long chain (meth)acrylate (e.g. octadecyl acrylate) and a more polar comonomer (e.g. maleic anhydride, N‐vinylpyrrolidone, methyl methacrylate). The state of dispersion achieved and the properties of the derived nanocomposites were found to depend strongly on both on the level of dispersant and its overall composition but interestingly properties are not particularly dependent on the dispersant architecture (i.e. whether statistical, gradient or block copolymer). The nanocomposites possess a tensile modulus up to 40% greater that the precursor PP while elongation at break and impact strength are significantly improved over “clay alone” composites and reference organoclay‐based nanocomposites. Also notable are significantly better thermal and thermo‐oxidative stability as compared to both PP and “clay alone” composites. For optimal properties, it is both necessary and desirable that the surfactant should only be a minor constituent (20–50 wt‐%) of the composition with respect to clay.
Carnitine determination by an enzymatic cycling method with carnitine dehydrogenase (1994)

We describe a highly sensitive and specific method for determining L-carnitine in serum by use of carnitine dehydrogenase (EC 1.1.1.108). The method involves a new enzymatic cycling technique with NADH, thio-NAD+, and carnitine dehydrogenase, and measures the increase of absorbance at 415 nm of thio-NADH produced at 37 degrees C during the reaction: [formula: see text] The calibration curve for L-carnitine in serum was linear between 5 and 250 mumol/L. Analytical recovery was 96.5-106%, and within-run and between-run imprecisions (CV) were 0.66-4.33% and 1.02-2.56%, respectively. This method was free from interference by bilirubin, hemoglobin, various acyl-DL-carnitines, and ascorbate. The procedure is simple, rapid, accurate, and automatable. The amount of free L-carnitine in serum (53.6 +/- 11.7 mumol/L, n = 200) was greater in men than in women (45.1 +/- 14.2 mumol/L, n = 200) (mean +/- SD).