gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 (HIV-1) Vpr Functions as an Immediate-Early Protein during HIV-1 Infection (1999)

Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) Vpr is a virion-associated protein which facilitates HIV-1 infection of nondividing cells by contributing to the nuclear transport of the preintegration complex (PIC). Vpr was also shown to induce a cell cycle G2 arrest in infected proliferating cells that optimizes HIV-1 long terminal repeat (LTR)-directed gene expression and viral production. However, it is unclear whether this activity is mediated primarily early by virion-associated Vpr or alternatively late during infection when Vpr is de novo expressed. We report here that in the absence of de novo expression, virion-associated Vpr induces a transient G2 arrest that can subsequently lead to cell killing by apoptosis. Interestingly, the induction of both cell cycle G2 arrest and apoptosis by virion-associated Vpr requires viral entry but not viral replication, since reverse transcriptase and protease inhibitor treatments do not prevent these Vpr effects. These results raise the possibility that in vivo both infectious and noninfectious viruses contribute to the dysfunction and killing of CD4(+) cells. In addition, our results reveal that virion-associated Vpr stimulates viral replication in proliferating cells after establishing a cell cycle G2 arrest by increasing LTR-directed gene expression. Importantly, this Vpr-mediated LTR activation appears to be a requirement for subsequent optimal Tat transactivation. Taken together, these results strongly suggest that in addition to participating in the HIV PIC nuclear transport in nondividing cells, virion-associated Vpr activates HIV-1 LTR-directed gene expression by manipulating the host cell cycle. From this, we conclude that Vpr functions as an immediate-early protein during HIV-1 infection.
Randomized Prospective Study Comparing Radical Prostatectomy Alone Versus Radical Prostatectomy Preceded by Androgen Blockage in Clinical Stage B2 (T2bNxM0) Prostate Cancer (1995)

Long-term followup data will be needed to determine whether there will be a lower incidence of biochemical relapse as determined by prostate specific antigen, local recurrence or metastasis, with an improvement in patient survival.
Quantifying the Relationship Between Peel and Rheology for Pressure Sensitive Adhesives (1999)

Abstract An attempt is made in this work to model quantitatively the peel force vs. rate behavior of a pressure sensitive adhesive (PSA) tape. The approach follows suggestions of previous authors in modeling the deformation of the PSA as uniaxial extension of individual strands. A debonding failure criterion based on stored elastic energy density is used. In this work, experimental measurements of dynamic mechanical master curves are used to provide the mechanical properties of the PSA in the model. The predictions are compared with experimental peel force vs. rate master curves on tapes made from those same adhesives. The only adjustable parameter for the fitting is the quantity related to the debonding criterion. In this set of natural-rubber-based PSAs, the general shape of the peel master curve and the changes in peel behavior associated with tackifier loading and rubber molecular weight are well explained by the model. The effect of changes in substrate chemistry are not well explained.
[Evaluation of symptoms and clinical findings in patients in the oral surgery/medicine department in a university clinic]. (1989)

The paper present a survey of data of 353 outpatients from the Department of oral surgery and oral medicine, Dental faculty, and the Department of maxillofacial surgery, Haukeland Hospital, University of Bergen, collected and evaluated during two separate weeks (weeks 9 and 47) in 1985. The patients are described according to age, sex, risk factors due to general diseases, symptoms and clinical findings. Out of a total of 353 patients 15 were hospitalized, 3 of them needing urgent help and 12 treated according to long-time plans. The remaining patients were all treated as outpatients. A relatively high frequency of risk patients was found, especially among patients above 50 years of age. This group of patients is expected to increase in the future. The authors emphasize the importance of accurate anamnestic data, especially in regard to drug-treatment and -consumption. Hence, it should be emphasized that accurate anamnestic data and critical evaluation of patients within oral surgery and oral medicine are of increasing importance to the dentist.
Control and command of a six degrees of freedom active electrical orthosis for paraplegic patient (2002)

Describes the walking machine developed as part of the European project CALIES (Computer Aided Locomotion by Implanted Electrical stimulation) with the collaboration of the robotic team of the CEA. The version is an 'active electrical orthosis' mostly conceived to train the paraplegic patients to deambulate and to simulate the different control strategies.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
[Hypoglycemic effects of bis(maltolato)oxovanadium administered by different routes upon diabetic rats]. (2004)

BMOV administered by oral gavage, subcutaneous injection and intraperitoneal injection has obvious effect of decreasing plasma glucose levels on diabetic rats, and the hypoglycemic effect of BMOV was not achieved by increasing the plasma insulin concentration.
On gated diodes for ESD protection in bulk FinFET CMOS technology (2011)

The transient behavior of bulk FinFET gated diodes is investigated under ESD conditions. Series diodes are studied in circuit configuration to evaluate their effectiveness as local clamp or traditional dual-diode ESD protection solution. An optimal diode layout configuration is proposed, considering thermal properties, area footprint, capacitive loading and voltage clamping capability.
Long-term Impact of Mode of Delivery on Stress Urinary Incontinence and Urgency Urinary Incontinence: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis (2016)

In this systematic review we looked for the long-term effects of childbirth on urinary leakage. We found that vaginal delivery is associated with an almost twofold increase in the risk of developing leakage with exertion, compared with cesarean section, with a smaller effect on leakage in association with urgency.
Migration into an in vitro experimental wound: a comparison of porcine aortic endothelial and smooth muscle cells and the effect of culture irradiation. (1981)

The purpose of this study was to compare the group-cell migration characteristics of endothelial cells (ECs) and smooth muscle cells (SMCs) derived from the same source, the porcine thoracic aorta, as they moved into an experimental in vitro wound. The authors characterized migration by measuring two aspects of the migrating cells: the number of free cells in the wound and the distance of migration of the sheet of cells at the wound edge. The quantitative data showed that ECs migrated into the wound as a sheet of cells, while SMCs migrated as free single cells. In addition, since irradiated cells have been used to study cell migration and since the irradiated cells do undergo some shape changes, the distribution of the cytoskeletal microfilament fibres was compared in migrating irradiated and nonirradiated cells in order to see whether this feature of cell migration was different. Irradiated and nonirradiated migrating ECs showed a strikingly different pattern in the orientation of microfilament bundles when studied by immunofluorescence microscopy with antiserums to myosin and tropomyosin.
Digital-Based Interleaving Control for GaN-Based MHz CRM Totem-Pole PFC (2016)

This paper presents a comparison between the performances of different interleaving control methods for gallium nitride devices-based MHz critical conduction mode (CRM) totem-pole power factor correction (PFC) circuit. Both closed-loop interleaving and open-loop interleaving are good for the 70-kHz CRM PFC; but for a MHz frequency CRM PFC with microcontroller (MCU) implementation, the open-loop interleaving outperforms the closed-loop interleaving with only a small and nonamplified phase error. After software optimization, the phase error of the open-loop interleaving is smaller than 3° at 1 MHz, when the control is implemented by a 60-MHz low-cost MCU. Significant ripple cancellation effect and differential-mode (DM) filter size reduction are achieved with good interleaving. For a 1.2-kW MHz totem-pole PFC, the DM filter size is reduced to one quarter when compared with the counterpart of a 100-kHz PFC. Last but not least, the stability of the open-loop interleaving is also analyzed indicating that the MHz CRM totem-pole PFC with voltage-mode control, open-loop interleaving, and turn-on instant synchronization can maintain critical mode operation with better stability compared with the 70-kHz CRM PFC.
Comorbidity of Depression and Pain: a review of shared contributing mechanisms (2017)

Pain and depression are two major health issues that we are currently facing. Chronic pain is the main reason that people seek medical care; and numerous people commit suicide each year because of depression. These two pathological conditions often coexist. Chronic pain patients are more likely to develop major depressive symptoms, while depressed patients reported more pain symptoms than normal healthy population. Understanding the common mechanisms associated with depression and pain is important for developing the effective strategy to treat this comorbidity. In this review, the potential mechanisms that contribute to both depression and pain are discussed from four perspectives, the morphological changes in the brain, monoamine deficiency, brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) reduction in the hippocampus, and the hypothalamicpituitary-adrenocortical (HPA) axis dysfunction.
The Evolution of the Total Synthesis of Rocaglamide (2016)

The complex flavagline, (-)-rocaglamide, possesses a synthetically intriguing tricyclic scaffold with five contiguous stereocenters and also exhibits potent anticancer, anti-inflammatory and insecticidal activity. This full account details distinct approaches to (±)- and (-)-rocaglamide utilizing Brønsted acid catalyzed and asymmetric Pd<sup>0</sup> -catalyzed Nazarov chemistry developed in our laboratory, respectively. The successful asymmetric synthesis revealed unforeseen mechanistic complexity that required adjusting our strategy to overcome an unanticipated racemization process, an unusual reversible ring-cleavage step and a very facile trialkylsilyl group migration.
Highly Efficient Allyl Cross-Coupling Reactions of Allylindiums with Organic Electrophiles (2002)

This paper describes highly efficient allyl cross-coupling reactions of allylindiums with organic electrophiles such as aryl and vinyl triflates, vinyl halides, dibromoolefin, and alkynyl iodide. The reactions were carried out using 4 mol % Pd(PPh3)4 in the presence of 3 equiv of LiCl in DMF at 100 degrees C under a nitrogen atmosphere. Allylindium, generated from the reaction of 1 equiv of indium with 1.5 equiv of allyl halide, gave the best result as a coupling partner. The present method is mild and simple to apply, and it produces a diverse range of allylic compounds in good to excellent yields.
Mammalian target of Rapamycin inhibition and mycobacterial survival are uncoupled in murine macrophages (2014)

This data, coupled with previous work from our laboratory, further indicates that autophagy induction by mTOR inhibition is an artificial means to increase mycobacterial killing and masks more relevant endogenous autophagic biochemistry that needs to be understood.
Lyapunov-Based Model Predictive Control of Nonlinear Systems Subject to Data Losses (2008)

In this work, we focus on model predictive control of nonlinear systems subject to data losses. The motivation for considering this problem is provided by wireless networked control systems and control of nonlinear systems under asynchronous measurement sampling. In order to regulate the state of the system towards an equilibrium point while minimizing a given performance index, we propose a Lyapunov-based model predictive controller which is designed taking data losses explicitly into account, both in the optimization problem formulation and in the controller implementation. The proposed controller allows for an explicit characterization of the stability region and guarantees that this region is an invariant set for the closed-loop system under data losses, if the maximum time in which the loop is open is shorter than a given constant that depends on the parameters of the system and the Lyapunov-based controller that is used to formulate the optimization problem. The theoretical results are demonstrated through a chemical process example.
DNS amplification attack detection and mitigation via sFlow with security-centric SDN (2017)

Following the rise of modern networking, DDoS attacks are undeniably becoming more abusive. DNS amplification attack is a type of reflected DDoS attack that exploits DNS servers to distribute amplified responses. Detection-wise, related studies have focused on flow-based analysis as the alternative due to its feasibility within high-speed networks. However, fixed flow-monitoring application (i.e. NetFlow) is highly subjected to cache timeout hence lacks the support for a near real-time detection. Mitigation-wise, previous works have concentrated on the use of varying hardware appliances to handle excessive traffic. Nonetheless, such diversities introduce issues regarding flexibility and correlative control thus indicates the absence of centralized/autonomous mitigation. This paper proposed a substitute solution via sFlow with security-centric SDN to timely detect and reasonably mitigate DNS amplification attack.
The Impact of Ce-Zr Addition on Nickel Dispersion and Catalytic Behavior for CO<sub>2</sub> Methanation of Ni/AC Catalyst at Low Temperature (2017)

The CO 2 methanation was studied over 7 wt.% nickel supported on Ce 0.2 Zr 0.8 O 2 /AC to evaluate the correlation of the structural properties with catalytic performance. The catalysts were investigated in more detail by means of X-ray diffraction (XRD), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). A sample of 7 wt.% nickel loading supported on activated carbon (AC) was also prepared for comparison. The results demonstrated that the ceria-zirconia solid solution phase could disperse and stabilize the nickel species more effectively and resulted in stronger interaction with nickel than the parent activated carbon phase. Therefore, 7% Ni/Ce 0.2 Zr 0.8 O 2 /AC catalyst exhibited higher activity for CO 2 reduction than 7% Ni//AC. It can attain 85% CO 2 conversion at 350°C and have a CH 4 selectivity of 100% at a pressure as low as 1 atm. The high activity of prepared catalysts is attributed to the good interaction between Ni and Ce 0.2 Zr 0.8 O 2 and the high CO 2 adsorption capacity of the activated carbon as well.
WSe<sub>2</sub> Homojunction Devices: Electrostatically Configurable as Diodes, MOSFETs, and Tunnel FETs for Reconfigurable Computing (2019)

In this paper, electrostatically configurable 2D tungsten diselenide (WSe<sub>2</sub> ) electronic devices are demonstrated. Utilizing a novel triple-gate design, a WSe<sub>2</sub> device is able to operate as a tunneling field-effect transistor (TFET), a metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistor (MOSFET) as well as a diode, by electrostatically tuning the channel doping to the desired profile. The implementation of scaled gate dielectric and gate electrode spacing enables higher band-to-band tunneling transmission with the best observed subthreshold swing (SS) among all reported homojunction TFETs on 2D materials. Self-consistent full-band atomistic quantum transport simulations quantitatively agree with electrical measurements of both the MOSFET and TFET and suggest that scaling gate oxide below 3 nm is necessary to achieve sub-60 mV dec<sup>-1</sup> SS, while further improvement can be obtained by optimizing the spacers. Diode operation is also demonstrated with the best ideality factor of 1.5, owing to the enhanced electrostatic control compared to previous reports. This research sheds light on the potential of utilizing electrostatic doping scheme for low-power electronics and opens a path toward novel designs of field programmable mixed analog/digital circuitry for reconfigurable computing.
An automatic system for model-based coding of faces (2002)

We present a fully automatic system for 2D model-based image coding of human faces for potential applications such as video telephony, database image compression, and face recognition. The system operates by locating a face in the input image, normalizing its scale and geometry and representing it in terms of a compact parametric image model obtained with a Karhunen-Loeve basis. This leads to a compact representation of the face that can be used for both recognition as well as image compression. Good-quality facial images are automatically generated using approximately 100-bytes worth of encoded data. The system has been successfully tested on a database of nearly 2000 facial photographs.
An overview of culture and isolation methods suitable for in vitro studies on pulmonary neuroendocrine cells (1993)

Successful isolation and culture of pulmonary neuroendocrine cells (PNEC) is essential for the investigation of cellular and membrane properties of these cells. Such studies are important to define the functional role for PNEC but are hampered by their scant numbers and widespread distribution within the pulmonary epithelium. Several in vitro methods for the isolation and culture of these cells have been described over the past decade, including organ culture, isolation of single cell suspensions enriched for PNEC, and immunomagnetic cell separation techniques. This paper reviews the various methods and discusses their advantages and pitfalls.
Molecular imaging: novel tools in visualizing rheumatoid arthritis (2005)

Molecular imaging is a rapidly emerging field in biomedical research, aiming at the visualization, characterization and quantification of molecular and cellular processes non-invasively within intact living organisms. To sense biological processes such as gene expression, angiogenesis, apoptosis or cell trafficking in vivo, imaging reporter agents that interact specifically with molecular targets and appropriate imaging systems are currently under development. In rheumatoid arthritis, these novel tools will be used to evaluate physiological and pathophysiological processes, to facilitate diagnosis and monitor therapeutic regimens, to enable reliable prognosis and to support the development of new therapies. In this review, we summarize the basic principles of molecular imaging, such as the development of molecular imaging agents, the actual capabilities of different imaging modalities and the most recent advances in molecular imaging, demonstrating the potential of this technology. With regard to their applicability in rheumatic diseases, we discuss potential molecular targets, current experimental approaches and the future prospects for molecular imaging in rheumatoid arthritis.
Polymerized PolyHEMA Photonic Crystals:  pH and Ethanol Sensor Materials (2008)

The surface of monodisperse silica particles synthesized using the Stober process were coated with a thin layer of polystyrene. Surface charge groups were attached by a grafting polymerization of styrene sulfonate. The resulting highly charged monodisperse silica particles self-assemble into crystalline colloidal arrays (CCA) in deionized water. We polymerized hydroxyethyl methacrylate (HEMA) around the CCA to form a HEMA-polymerized crystalline colloidal array (PCCA). Hydrofluoric acid was utilized to etch out the silica particles to produce a three-dimensional periodic array of voids in the HEMA PCCA. The diffraction from the embedded CCA sensitively monitors the concentration of ethanol in water because the HEMA PCCA shows a large volume dependence on ethanol due to a decreased Flory-Huggins mixing parameter. Between pure water and 40% ethanol the diffraction shifts across the entire visible spectral region. We accurately modeled the dependence of the diffraction wavelength on ethanol concentration using Flory theory. We also fabricated a PCCA (which responds to pH changes in both low and high ionic strength solutions) by utilizing a second polymerization to incorporate carboxyl groups into the HEMA PCCA. We were also able to model the pH dependence of diffraction of the HEMA PCCA by using Flory theory. An unusual feature of the pH response is a hysteresis in response to titration to higher and lower pH. This hysteresis results from the formation of a Donnan potential at high pH which shifts the ionic equilibrium. The kinetics of equilibration is very slow due to the ultralow diffusion constant of protons in the carboxylated PCCA as predicted earlier by the Tanaka group.
Advancing the Development of Glycated Protein Biosensing Technology (2015)

Research advances in biochemical molecules have led to the development of convenient and reproducible biosensing molecules for glycated proteins, such as those based on the enzymes fructosyl amino acid oxidase (FAOX) or fructosyl peptide oxidase (FPOX). Recently, more attractive biosensing molecules with potential applications in next-generation biosensing of glycated proteins have been aggressively reported. We review 2 such molecules, fructosamine 6-kinase (FN6K) and fructosyl amino acid-binding protein, as well as their recent applications in the development of glycated protein biosensing systems. Research on FN6K and fructosyl amino acid-binding protein has been opening up new possibilities for the development of highly sensitive and proteolytic-digestion-free biosensing systems for glycated proteins.
Effect of molecular weight and content of PDMS on morphology and properties of silicone‐modified epoxy resin (2011)

Abstract To achieve a stable blend of a bisphenol A type epoxy resin and poly(dimethylsiloxane) (PDMS), reaction between hydroxyl (OH) groups of the epoxy and silanol groups of hydroxyl‐terminated(HT) PDMS has been investigated. The chemical structures of the HTPDMS‐modified epoxies were characterized by Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) and 1 H‐ and 13 C‐NMR spectroscopy. To allow further understanding of the influence of viscosity and content of HTPDMS on the blend morphology, four different viscosities of HTPDMS were used in three content levels. The morphologies of modified epoxy resins were observed with optical microscopy. The modified epoxies were cured with a cycloaliphatic polyamine. The morphologies of modified epoxies were investigated by using scanning electron microscopy (SEM)/energy dispersive X‐ray (EDX) technique. The cured films showed droplet in matrix morphology with different mean droplets size which was influenced by the viscosity and the content of the incorporated HTPDMS. To illustrate the effect of the morphologies of the cured samples on mechanical properties, tensile strength tests were performed. The introduction of HTPDMS into the epoxy altered the tensile behavior according to its viscosity and content. Surface properties of the cured films were evaluated by sessile drop method. The results clearly indicate that the hydrophilic surface of the epoxy turns to a hydrophobic one due to the modification with HTPDMS. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2011.