gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Estimating genetic parameters for grain yield in the maize populations UFVM 100 and UFVM 200 subjected to water deficit. (2008)

This study was carried out to estimate the genetic parameters for grain weight of two maize populations, for verifying their genetic potential under contrasting conditions concerning water availability. Forty nine half-sib families (HSF) were randomly taken from each of the two populations, UFVM 100 and UFVM 200, in order to evaluate the tolerance to water deficit, using two sets of experiments representing water deficit and optimum irrigation conditions. The experiments were set up under a 7 x 7 lattice design, with two replications. Sprinkler irrigation was applied and a tensiometer used for its management. The experiments were irrigated whenever the soil water potential showed -0.03 MPa. However, the experiments under water stress were not irrigated during seven days, until the soil water potential reaches -0.09 to -0.1 Mpa, at vegetative, flowering and grain filling stages. The experimental plot comprised a row length 5m, 0.90m row spacing and plants spaced 0.20m within rows. Grain yield was determined for each plot. Analysis of variance was performed, involving the 49 HSF of each population, in each production system, and corresponding estimates of the genetic parameters were obtained. Within each production systems, genetic progress was estimated for each population assuming selection of the 15% superior HSF and subsequent recombination. Results showed that the experiments did not reveal sufficient genetic variation, in both populations, able to be explored in selection programs under water deficit conditions and also a low concordance level between the performance of the families under normal irrigation and water deficit.
Online recognizer for runon handprinted characters (2002)

A recognize-then-segment recognizer of unconstrained handprinting is described with uses a unified tablet-display to provide a paperlike computer interface. Whereas most handwriting recognition systems segment and then recognize, this one recognizes and then finds the best segmentation. It classifies strokes, generates character hypotheses, and verifies hypotheses to estimate the optimal character sequence for each word of runon handwritten characters. Linguistic constraints can limit the choices. The system is implemented on an IBM workstation, accepts runon characters written on a tablet, and performs recognition in real time.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
A NEW DIRECT TEST OF BLADDER PERMEABILITY (2000)

This new permeability test clearly distinguishes intact versus distended bladders. It may be performed to test whether bladder permeability is increased in interstitial cystitis.
Robot Motion Planning in Learned Latent Spaces (2019)

This letter presents latent sampling-based motion planning (L-SBMP), a methodology toward computing motion plans for complex robotic systems by learning a plannable latent representation. Recent works in control of robotic systems have effectively leveraged local, low-dimensional embeddings of high-dimensional dynamics. In this letter, we combine these recent advances with techniques from sampling-based motion planning (SBMP) in order to design a methodology capable of planning for high-dimensional robotic systems beyond the reach of traditional approaches (e.g., humanoids, or even systems where planning occurs in the visual space). Specifically, the learned latent space is constructed through an autoencoding network, a dynamics network, and a collision checking network, which mirror the three main algorithmic primitives of SBMP, namely state sampling, local steering, and collision checking. Notably, these networks can be trained through only raw data of the system's states and actions along with a supervising collision checker. Building upon these networks, an RRT-based algorithm is used to plan motions directly in the latent space-we refer to this exploration algorithm as learned latent RRT. This algorithm globally explores the latent space and is capable of generalizing to new environments. The overall methodology is demonstrated on two planning problems, namely a visual planning problem, whereby planning happens in the visual (pixel) space, and a humanoid robot planning problem.
Activity of the Interferon-Induced 2′5′-Oligoadenylate Synthetase in Patients with Chronic Hepatitis C (1995)

The interferon-induced 2',5'-oligoadenylate synthetase (2-5OAS) is responsible, at least in part, for the antiviral state established in cells in response to viral infections. The purpose of this work was to study the relationship between hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection and 2-5OAS in patients with chronic hepatitis C. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) of 27 patients with chronic hepatitis C were investigated, as well as PBMC of 10 control subjects. Then, the patients were treated with 3 mu interferon-alpha 2a three times per week. At month 3 of therapy, PBMC were sampled. Of the total PBMC samples obtained, half were used for determination of in vivo 2-5OAS activity. The remaining cells were cultured for 24 h in either the absence or presence of 500 U/ml of interferon-alpha 2a for the determination of in vitro 2-5OAS activity. The mean basal in vivo 2-5OAS activities were 3.6 +/- 2.8 nmol/10(6) cells in patients versus 1.6 +/- 1.1 nmol/10(6) cells in controls (p < 0.01). Basal in vivo 2-5OAS activity did not correlate with mean HCV viremia, quantified by a "branched DNA"-based assay. Before treatment, interferon-alpha was detected in the serum of 2 patients in 27. After a 24 h culture of PBMC in the presence of interferon, in vitro 2-5OAS activity was significantly induced in the PBMC of both the patients and the controls. However, in vitro induction of 2-5OAS activity was significantly lower in the PBMC of the patients than in the PBMC of the controls (p < 0.01). At month 3 therapy, in vivo 2-5OAS activity was significantly induced (20.5 +/- 17.9; p < 0.0001). In vitro IFN inductions of 2-5OAS activity in PBMC before treatment and at month 3 of therapy were not significantly different. In conclusion, in vivo 2-5OAS activity is significantly induced in patients with chronic hepatitis C, but endogenously produced interferon-alpha does not seem to be involved. Chronic induction of 2-5OAS activity results in a decreased sensitivity of PBMC to exogenous interferon induction. Whether this phenomenon plays a role in the resistance of chronic hepatitis C to interferon therapy remains uncertain.
Size-Related Lattice Parameter Changes and Surface Defects in Ceria Nanocrystals (2010)

Ceria (CeO2) has many important applications, notably in catalysis. Many of its uses rely on generating nanodimensioned particles. Ceria has important redox chemistry where Ce4+ cations can be reversibly reduced to Ce3+ cations and associated anion vacancies. The significantly larger size of Ce3+ (compared with Ce4+) has been shown to result in lattice expansion. Many authors have observed lattice expansion in nanodimensioned crystals (nanocrystals), and these have been attributed to the presence of stabilized Ce3+−anion vacancy combinations in these systems. Experimental results presented here show (i) that significant, but complex, changes in the lattice parameter with size can occur in 2−500 nm crystallites, (ii) that there is a definitive relationship between defect chemistry and the lattice parameter in ceria nanocrystals, and (iii) that the stabilizing mechanism for the Ce3+−anion vacancy defects at the surface of ceria nanocrystals is determined by the size, the surface status, and the analysis conditions. In this work, both lattice expansion and a more unusual lattice contraction in ultrafine nanocrystals are observed. The lattice deformations seen can be defined as a function of both the anion vacancy (hydroxyl) concentration in the nanocrystal and the intensity of the additional pressure imposed by the surface tension on the crystal. The expansion of lattice parameters in ceria nanocrystals is attributed to a number of factors, most notably, the presence of any hydroxyl moieties in the materials. Thus, a very careful understanding of the synthesis combined with characterization is required to understand the surface chemistry of ceria nanocrystals.
Influence of velocity on the handover delay associated with a radio-signal-measurement-based handover decision (2006)

Velocity has a non-neglectable influence on the handover delay experienced by a user if the handover is triggered on a radio-signal-measurement (RSM) based handover scheme. Assuming currently used RSM schemes employing signal aver- aging (low-pass filtering) and a hysteresis margin, the analytical description of the delay is derived as a function of the velocity. The latter is used to determine the minimal overlapping of two adjacent radio cells required for a seamless, i.e. interrupt- free handover. Results show that the required overlapping for a zero-delay handoff does not scale with the handover frequency. Especially for small radio cell sizes, the overlapping may easily exceed 60% of the cell's diameter. The improvement gained by dynamically adapting RSM-scheme's parameter, i.e. the hystere- sis margin, to the current velocity is neglectably small. Hence, a RSM-based handover decision is not suitable for high handover frequency scenarios and should be supported by other handover trigger mechanisms. I. INTRODUCTION Upcoming wireless local area networks (WLANs) will provide throughput rates of several 100 Mbit/s (2) or even push this limit even beyond 1 Gbit/s. (1) As these future networks cannot infinitely increase the emitted radiation power, the coverage area of each WLAN radio cell will most likely shrink especially if higher frequency bands (e.g. the 30, 40, or 60 GHz) are employed in order to provide these high data rates in the future. (1) Along with the fact of extremely reduced cell sizes comes another challenge: to support user's mobility possibly at high velocities. In an office environment, attenuation may limit the cell size to only a few meter whereas in sub-urban or rural areas, the latter will most likely be larger by a factor in between 100 and 1000. In both cases, the dwell time of a mobile user in a cell may be in the order of only a few seconds which emphasizes the need for an efficient scheme providing a seamless handover to consider VoIP over WLAN as an alternative to traditional cellular telephone systems. (3) Even though the mobile's velocity influences the han- dover frequency, it is still an open issue if a seamless, i.e.
ChemInform Abstract: STUDIES ON QUATERNARY PYRIDINIUM SALTS. X. A CONDENSATION REACTION OF 3‐CYANOPYRIDINIUM SALTS ON ADDITION OF ALCOXIDES (1980)

Abstract Die Pyridiniumsalze (I) kondensieren in Gegenwart von Alkoholaten in der Siedehitze zu den Hexahydro‐3,7‐dipyridopyrrolen (II).
Live Baiting for Service-Level DoS Attackers (2008)

Denial-of-service (DoS) attacks remain a challenging problem in the Internet. By making resources unavailable to intended legitimate clients, DoS attacks have resulted in significant loss of time and money for many organizations, thus, many DoS defense mechanisms have been proposed. In this paper we propose live baiting, a novel approach for detecting the identities of DoS attackers. Live baiting leverages group-testing theory, which aims at discovering defective members in a population using the minimum number of dasiadasiatestspsilapsila. This leverage allows live baiting to detect attackers using low state overhead without requiring models of legitimate requests nor anomalous behavior. The amount of state needed by live baiting is in the order of number of attackers not number of clients. This saving allows live baiting to scale to large services with millions of clients. We analyzed the coverage, effectiveness (detection time, false positive and false negative probabilities), and efficiency (memory, message overhead, and computational complexity) of our approach. We validated our analysis using NS-2 simulations modeled after real Web traces.
Bayesian Deep Graph Matching for Correspondence Identification in Collaborative Perception (2021)

Correspondence identification is essential for multirobot collaborative perception, which aims to identify the same objects in order to ensure consistent references of the objects by a group of robots/agents in their own fields of view. Although recent deep learning methods have shown encouraging performance on correspondence identification, they suffer from two shortcomings, including the inability to address non-covisibility in collaborative perception that is caused by occlusion and limited fields of view of the agents, and the inability to quantify and reduce uncertainty to improve correspondence identification. To address both issues, we propose a novel uncertainty-aware deep graph matching method for correspondence identification in collaborative perception. Our new approach formulates correspondence identification as a deep graph matching problem, which identifies correspondences based upon graph representations that are constructed from the agents' observations. We introduce a novel deep graph matching network under the Bayesian framework to explicitly quantify uncertainty in the identified correspondences. In addition, we design a novel loss function that explicitly reduces correspondence uncertainty and perceptual non-covisibility during learning. We evaluate our approach in the robotics applications of collaborative assembly and multi-robot coordination using high-fidelity simulations and physical robots. Experiments have shown that, through addressing both uncertainty and non-covisibility, our approach achieves the state-of-the-art performance of correspondence identification.
Two techniques to sample non-volatiles in breath—exemplified by methadone (2017)

The particles in exhaled breath provide a promising matrix for the monitoring of pathological processes in the airways, and also allow exposure to exogenous compounds to be to assessed. The collection is easy to perform and is non-invasive. The aim of the present study is to assess if an exogenous compound-methadone-is distributed in the lining fluid of small airways, and to compare two methods for collecting methadone in particles in exhaled breath. Exhaled particles were collected from 13 subjects receiving methadone maintenance treatment. Two different sampling methods were applied: one based on electret filtration, potentially collecting exhaled particles of all sizes, and one based on impaction, collecting particles in the size range of 0.5-7 μm, known to reflect the respiratory tract lining fluid from the small airways. The collected samples were analyzed by liquid chromatography mass spectrometry, and the impact of different breathing patterns was also investigated. The potential contribution from the oral cavity was investigated by rinsing the mouth with a codeine solution, followed by codeine analysis of the collected exhaled particles by both sampling methods. The results showed that methadone was present in all samples using both methods, but when using the method based on impaction, the concentration of methadone in exhaled breath was less than 1% of the concentration collected by the method based on filtration. Optimizing the breathing pattern to retrieve particles from small airways did not increase the amount of exhaled methadone collected by the filtration method. The contamination from codeine present in the oral cavity was only detected in samples collected by the impaction method. We conclude that methadone is distributed in the respiratory tract lining fluid of small airways. The samples collected by the filtration method most likely contained a contribution from the upper airways/oral fluid in contrast to the impaction method.
Impact of virtualization on computer architecture and operating systems (2006)

Abstract This talk describes how virtualization is changing the way computing is done in the industry today and how it is causing users to rethink how they view hardware, operating systems, and application programs. The talk will describe this new view on computing and the benefits driving users to adopt it. The changing roles for hardware and operating systems will be discussed along with what changes will be needed to efficiently and simply support this new computing model. I will conclude with a discussion of areas where industry could use input from the ASPLOS research community.
New fast binary pyramid motion estimation for MPEG2 and HDTV encoding (2000)

A novel fast binary pyramid motion estimation (FBPME) algorithm is presented in this paper. The proposed FBPME scheme is based on binary multiresolution layers, exclusive-or (XOR) Boolean block matching, and a N-scale tiling search scheme. Each video frame is converted into a pyramid structure of K-1 binary layers with resolution decimation, plus one integer layer at the lowest resolution. At the lowest resolution layer, the N-scale tiling search is performed to select initial motion vector candidates. Motion vector fields are gradually refined with the XOR Boolean block-matching criterion and the N-scale tiling search schemes in higher binary layers. FBPME performs several thousands times faster than the conventional full-search block-matching scheme at the same PSNR performance and visual quality. It also dramatically reduces the bus bandwidth and on-chip memory requirement. Moreover, hardware complexity is low due to its binary nature. Fully functional software MPEG-2 MP@ML encoders and Advanced Television Standard Committee high definition television encoders based on the FBPME algorithm have been implemented. FBPME hardware architecture has been developed and is being incorporated into single-chip MPEG encoders. A wide range of video sequences at various resolutions has been tested. The proposed algorithm is also applicable to other digital video compression standards such as H.261, H.263, and MPEG4.
Encoding of multivariate stimuli with MIMO neural circuits (2011)

We present a general MIMO neural circuit architecture for the encoding of multivariate stimuli in the time domain. The signals belong to the finite space of vector-valued trigonometric polynomials. They are filtered with a linear time-invariant kernel and then processed by a population of leaky integrate-and-fire neurons. We present formal, intuitive, necessary conditions for faithful encoding and provide a perfect recovery (decoding) algorithm. We extend these results to multivariate product spaces and apply them to video encoding with MIMO neural circuits. We demonstrate that our encoding circuits can serve as measurement devices for compressed sensing of frequency sparse signals. Finally, we provide necessary spike density conditions for the decoding of infinite-dimensional vector valued bandlimited functions encoded with MIMO neural circuits.
Gold microsheets having nano/microporous structures fabricated by ultrasonic-assisted cyclic galvanic replacement (2015)

Ultrasonic-assisted cyclic galvanic replacement is proposed to produce nano/microporous gold microsheets that can potentially be used as surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) substrates.
Absorption Enhancing Excipients in Systemic Nasal Drug Delivery (2014)

Intranasal drug delivery is becoming an increasingly important form of drug administration for chronic and chronic-intermittent diseases. Important new applications in development include drugs for diabetes, osteoporosis, obesity, certain types of convulsive disorders, migraine headaches, symptomatic pain relief, nausea, and anxiety, among others. Transmucosal absorption across the nasal mucosa is generally limited to molecules under 1,000 Da in size. Systemic delivery of molecules larger than this requires formulation with a suitable transmucosal absorption enhancer. More than one hundred potential transmucosal absorption enhancing excipients have been tested to date.  Nearly all have failed to be practical due to poor effectiveness or unacceptable toxicity to mucosal tissue. Alkylsaccharides, cyclodextrins, and chitosan's have emerged as the leading candidates for potential broad clinical applications and are allowing development of convenient, patient-friendly, needle free formulations of small molecule drugs, as well as peptide and protein drugs that can be administered at home, at work, or in other public and private settings outside of the doctor’s office or hospital environment.
Estrogen Receptor Regulation of Carbonic Anhydrase XII through a Distal Enhancer in Breast Cancer (2008)

The expression of carbonic anhydrase XII (CA12), a gene that encodes a zinc metalloenzyme responsible for acidification of the microenvironment of cancer cells, is highly correlated with estrogen receptor alpha (ER alpha) in human breast tumors. Here, we show that CA12 is robustly regulated by estrogen via ER alpha in breast cancer cells, and that this regulation involves a distal estrogen-responsive enhancer region. Upon the addition of estradiol, ER alpha binds directly to this distal enhancer in vivo, resulting in the recruitment of RNA polymerase II and steroid receptor coactivators SRC-2 and SRC-3, and changes in histone acetylation. Mutagenesis of an imperfect estrogen-responsive element within this enhancer region abolishes estrogen-dependent activity, and chromosome conformation capture and chromatin immunoprecipitation assays show that this distal enhancer communicates with the transcriptional start site of the CA12 gene via intrachromosomal looping upon hormone treatment. This distal enhancer element is observed in the homologous mouse genomic sequence, and the expression of the mouse homologue, Car12, is rapidly and robustly stimulated by estradiol in the mouse uterus in vivo, suggesting that the ER regulation of CA12 is mechanistically and evolutionarily conserved. Our findings highlight the crucial role of ER in the regulation of the CA12 gene, and provide insight into the transcriptional regulatory mechanism that accounts for the strong association of CA12 and ER in human breast cancers.
Effectiveness of Open-Cell Metallic Foams for High Power Electronic Cooling (1998)

Abstract The effectiveness of metallic foams in forced convection heat removal is studied. The metallic foam showed an improved heat removal rate with a moderate increase in the pressure drop. The hydraulic and thermal characteristics are analyzed experimentally. The measurements are used in conjunction with a model based on a bank of cylinders in cross-flow to understand the effect of various foam morphologies. The model prediction is extrapolated to examine the trade-off between heat removal and pressure drop. For a particular working fluid, the model provides two sets of design parameters; (i) a preferred foam morphology which will provide the required heat flux at a competitive pressure drop and (ii) the circulating fan characteristics as an output flow rate vs. the static pressure drop.
Magnetic plasmonic metamaterials in actively pumped host medium and plasmonic nanolaser (2007)

We consider plasmonic nanoantennas immersed in active host medium. Specifically shaped metal nanoantennas can exhibit strong magnetic properties in the optical spectral range due to the excitation of magnetic plasmon resonance. A case when a metamaterial comprising such nanoantennas can demonstrate both ``left handiness'' and negative permeability in the optical range is considered. We show that high losses predicted for optical ``left-handed'' materials can be compensated in the gain medium. Gains required to achieve local generation in such magnetic active metamaterials are calculated for real metals. We propose plasmonic nanolaser, where the metal nanoantenna operates similar to a resonator. The size of the proposed plasmonic laser is much smaller than the wavelength. Therefore, it can serve as a very compact source of electromagnetic radiation.