gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Ultrahigh Q whispering gallery mode electro-optic resonators on a silicon photonic chip (2016)

Crystalline whispering gallery mode (WGM) electro-optic resonators made of LiNbO<sub>3</sub> and LiTaO<sub>3</sub> are critical for a wide range of applications in nonlinear and quantum optics, as well as RF photonics, due to their remarkably ultrahigh Q(>10<sup>8</sup>) and large electro-optic coefficient. Achieving efficient coupling of these resonators to planar on-chip optical waveguides is essential for any high-yield and robust practical applications. However, it has been very challenging to demonstrate such coupling while preserving the ultrahigh Q properties of the resonators. Here, we show how the silicon photonic platform can overcome this long-standing challenge. Silicon waveguides with appropriate designs enable efficient and strong coupling to these WGM electro-optic resonators. We discuss various integration architectures of these resonators onto a silicon chip and experimentally demonstrate critical coupling of a planar Si waveguide and an ultrahigh QLiTaO<sub>3</sub> resonator (Q∼10<sup>8</sup>). Our results show a promising path for widespread and practical applications of these resonators on a silicon photonic platform.
BAD-mediated apoptotic pathway is associated with human cancer development (2015)

The malignant transformation of normal cells is caused in part by aberrant gene expression disrupting the regulation of cell proliferation, apoptosis, senescence and DNA repair. Evidence suggests that the Bcl-2 antagonist of cell death (BAD)-mediated apoptotic pathway influences cancer chemoresistance. In the present study, we explored the role of the BAD-mediated apoptotic pathway in the development and progression of cancer. Using principal component analysis to derive a numeric score representing pathway expression, we evaluated clinico-genomic datasets (n=427) from corresponding normal, pre-invasive and invasive cancers of different types, such as ovarian, endometrial, breast and colon cancers in order to determine the associations between the BAD-mediated apoptotic pathway and cancer development. Immunofluorescence was used to compare the expression levels of phosphorylated BAD [pBAD (serine-112, -136 and -155)] in immortalized normal and invasive ovarian, colon and breast cancer cells. The expression of the BAD-mediated apoptotic pathway phosphatase, PP2C, was evaluated by RT-qPCR in the normal and ovarian cancer tissue samples. The growth-promoting effects of pBAD protein levels in the immortalized normal and cancer cells were assessed using siRNA depletion experiments with MTS assays. The expression of the BAD-mediated apoptotic pathway was associated with the development and/or progression of ovarian (n=106, p<0.001), breast (n=185, p<0.0008; n=61, p=0.04), colon (n=22, p<0.001) and endometrial (n=33, p<0.001) cancers, as well as with ovarian endometriosis (n=20, p<0.001). Higher pBAD protein levels were observed in the cancer cells compared to the immortalized normal cells, whereas PP2C gene expression was lower in the cancer compared to the ovarian tumor tissue samples (n=76, p<0.001). The increased pBAD protein levels after the depletion of PP2C conferred a growth advantage to the immortalized normal and cancer cells. The BAD-mediated apoptotic pathway is thus associated with the development of human cancers likely influenced by the protein levels of pBAD.
Implementation and Performance Evaluation of RNS Variants of the BFV Homomorphic Encryption Scheme (2019)

Homomorphic encryption is an emerging form of encryption that provides the ability to compute on encrypted data without ever decrypting them. Potential applications include aggregating sensitive encrypted data on a cloud environment and computing on the data in the cloud without compromising data privacy. There have been several recent advances resulting in new homomorphic encryption schemes and optimized variants. We implement and evaluate the performance of two optimized variants, namely Bajard-Eynard-Hasan-Zucca (BEHZ) and Halevi-Polyakov-Shoup (HPS), of the most promising homomorphic encryption scheme in CPU and GPU. The most interesting (and also unexpected) result of our performance evaluation is that the HPS variant in practice scales significantly better (typically by 15-30 percent) with increase in multiplicative depth of the computation circuit than BEHZ, implying that the HPS variant will always outperform BEHZ for most practical applications. For the multiplicative depth of 98, our fastest GPU implementation performs homomorphic multiplication in 51 ms for 128-bit security settings, which is faster by two orders of magnitude than prior results and already practical for cloud environments supporting GPU computations. Large multiplicative depths supported by our implementations are required for applications involving deep neural networks, logistic regression learning, and other important machine learning problems.
Printable phosphorescent organic light‐emitting devices (2009)

Abstract— A new approach to full‐color printable phosphorescent organic light‐emitting devices (P 2 OLEDs) is reported. Unlike conventional solution‐processed OLEDs that contain conjugated polymers in the emissive layer, the P 2 OLED's emissive layer consists of small‐molecule materials. A red P 2 OLED that exhibits a luminous efficiency of 11.6 cd/A and a projected lifetime of 100,000 hours from an initial luminance of 500 cd/m 2 , a green P 2 OLED with a luminous efficiency of 34 cd/A and a projected lifetime of 63,000 hours from an initial luminance of 1000 cd/m 2 , a light‐blue P 2 OLED with a luminous efficiency of 19 cd/A and a projected lifetime 6000 hours from an initial luminance of 500 cd/m 2 , and a blue P 2 OLED with a luminous efficiency of 6.2 cd/A and a projected lifetime of 1000 hours from an initial luminance of 500 cd/m 2 is presented.
Using UDP Checksum Trailers in the Network Time Protocol (NTP) (2014)

The Network Time Protocol (NTP) allows clients to synchronize to a
time server using timestamped protocol messages. To faciliate accurate
timestamping, some implementations use hardware-based timestamping
engines that integrate the accurate transmission time into every
outgoing NTP packet during transmission. Since these packets are
transported over UDP, the UDP checksum field is then updated to
reflect this modification. This document proposes an extension field
that includes a 2-octet Checksum Trailer, allowing timestamping
engines to reflect the checksum modification in the last 2 octets of
the packet rather than in the UDP checksum field. The behavior defined
in this document is interoperable with existing NTP implementations.
Laboratory evaluation of the VSD-based hybrid estimation method for the pump operational state (2011)

Operational state of a centrifugal pump directly affects the resulting energy consumption of the pump. Frequency converters (VSDs) allow the sensorless estimation of the operational state of a centrifugal pump, offering new possibilities for the diagnostics and control of pumping systems. However, estimation of the pump operational state by the QP-curve-based estimation method cannot always provide accurate results for instance because of the flat QP characteristic curve shape. In the worst case, this may prevent the detection of inefficient or even harmful pump operation. In this paper, a hybrid method with improved accuracy for sensorless estimation of the pump operational state by a frequency converter is studied through laboratory measurements. It allows more accurate estimation of the pump operational state especially at low rotational speeds and relative flow rates compared with the sole use of the known QP-curve-based estimation method.
An Improved Design Methodology of the Double-Sided <i>LC</i>-Compensated CPT System Considering the Inductance Detuning (2019)

This paper proposes an improved design methodology of the double-sided LC-compensated capacitive power transfer (CPT) system considering the inductance detuning. Compared to the perfect-resonant scenario, this paper shows that the inductance detuning has the benefit to achieve the soft-switching condition for the CPT system, and the output current and internal voltage stresses can also be maintained within the desired range. The contributions of this paper are summarized in three parts. First, it analyzes the impacts of the inductance variations on the system frequency property, including the input current, output current, and internal capacitor voltage stresses. Second, it proposes three principles to detune the inductances as the methodology to design a CPT system. Third, a prototype is implemented, which achieves 368.5 W power transfer across a 400 mm × 400 mm × 4 mm glass layer with 91.8% dc-dc efficiency. Experimental results validate that the proposed design principles are satisfied, showing that the output current is within the desired range, the input soft-switching condition is achieved, and the internal voltage stresses are within the safety limit. Moreover, the efficiency and frequency properties are also validated by the experimental results, showing a wide power range of the high-efficiency operation (higher than 90%) and a wide frequency bandwidth of the soft-switching operation (from 0.96 to 1.12 MHz).
A new antibiotic XK-90. I. Taxonomy of the producing organism, fermentation, isolation and physicochemical and biological properties. (1976)

A new antibiotic XK-90 is produced by Streptomyces sp. MK-90 and is active against Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria. The taxonomy of the organism, fermentation, isolation and physiochemical and biological properties are described.
Process toward a comprehensive control system for molecular beam epitaxy (1992)

A hierarchical control system for improving the manufacturing capability of the thin-film semiconductor growth process, Molecular Beam Epitaxy, is under development at the Air Force Materials Directorate. The focus of the first level is to improve the precision and tracking of the variables, flux and substrate temperature. The second level consists of an expert system that uses sensors to monitor the status of the product in order to generate a process plan in real time. The third level features a continuously evolving neural network model of the process which is used to recommend the recipe and command inputs to achieve a desired product goal. All three levels require models of the process which are updated using automatic process identification experiments. The three levels of the system are described and experimental data is used to illustrate the impact of select modules.... Molecular beam epitaxy, Thin-Film semiconductors, Gallium arsenide, Hierarchical control, Self-Directed control, Neural network, Real time.
An Activity-Triggered 95.3 dB DR $-$75.6 dB THD CMOS Imaging Sensor With Digital Calibration (2009)

Imaging sensors are being used as data acquisition systems in new biomedical applications. These applications require wide dynamic range (WDR), high linearity and high signal-to-noise ratio (SNR), which cannot be met simultaneously by existing CMOS imaging sensors. This paper introduces a new activity-triggered WDR CMOS imaging sensor with very low distortion. The new WDR pixel includes self-resetting circuits to partially quantize the photocurrent in the pixel. The pixel residual analog voltage is further quantized by a low-resolution column-wise ADC. The ADC code and the partially quantized pixel codes are processed by column-wise digital circuits to form WDR images. Calibration circuits are included in the pixel to improve the pixel linearity by a digital calibration method, which requires low calibration overhead. Current-mode difference circuits are included in the pixel to detect activities within the scene so that the imaging sensor captures high quality images only for scenes with intense activity. A proof-of-concept 32 times 32 imaging sensor is fabricated in a 0.35 mum CMOS process. The fill factor of the new pixel is 27%. Silicon measurements show that the new imaging sensor can achieve 95.3 dB dynamic range with low distortion of -75.6 dB after calibration. The maximum SNR of the sensor is 74.5 dB. The imaging sensor runs at frame rate up to 15 Hz.
<title>High-aspect-ratio microstructure-covered sheets: fabrication and function</title> (1998)

The LIGA process is being further developed to fabricate large surfaces covered with high aspect ratio microstructures (HARMs). A HARM is defined as a structure hundreds of micrometers in height and with a height and with a height/characteristic lateral dimension which is five or greater. The molding step of the LIGA process provides one method to rapidly and inexpensively fabricate HARM-covered sheets. Molding experiments were performed to determine combinations of processing parameters which produce high quality, high density polyethylene HARMs. In addition to developing an inexpensive process to manufacture HARMs, uses for HARM-covered sheets are being investigated. One example is heat transfer enhancement. Microfins were added to the surface of a cylinder and experiments quantified their effect on the rate of convective heat transfer for a cylinder in crossflow.
Analysis and Comparison of Multichannel Noise Reduction Methods in a Common Framework (2008)

<para xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> Noise reduction for speech enhancement is a useful technique, but in general it is a challenging problem. While a single-channel algorithm is easy to use in practice, it inevitably introduces speech distortion to the desired speech signal while reducing noise. Today, the explosive growth in computational power and the continuous drop in the cost and size of acoustic electric transducers are driving the interest of employing multiple microphones in speech processing systems. This opens new opportunities for noise reduction. In this paper, we present an analysis of three multichannel noise reduction algorithms, namely Wiener filter, subspace, and spatial-temporal prediction, in a common framework. We intend to investigate whether it is possible for the multichannel noise reduction algorithms to reduce noise without speech distortion. Finally, we justify what we learn via theoretical analyses by simulations using real impulse responses measured in the varechoic chamber at Bell Labs. </para>
Application of the expert system to elevator group-supervisory control (2003)

A novel elevator group-supervisory control method to which an expert system and fuzzy rules are applied, is suggested. This method determines the optimum car to answer a hall call by using knowledge bases, production rules and fuzzy rules, extracted from the knowledge of experts, in elevator group-supervisory control. It has been verified through simulation that the method can bring about considerable improvement, reducing the average waiting time by 15-20%, and long waits (not less than 60s) 30-50% in comparison with the conventional method, in which a fixed evaluation function is used. Knowledge-based systems suitable to the online and real-time control for the implementation of this method on 32-b microcomputers are suggested. The result of the simulation has demonstrated that the suggested knowledge-based systems satisfy the required response time of 100-150 ms in the group-supervisory control system with an immediate prediction function.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
A Piecewise Model for Prediction of Large Amplitude Total Ship Roll Damping (2011)

A piecewise model is presented to model total ship roll damping, with considerations for large amplitude roll motion effects, such as bilge keel interaction with the free-surface. The model is based on the consideration of distinct ship-specific physical phenomena, such as bilge keel emergence. Abrupt physical changes occur with these events, resulting in significant changes in the damping characteristics of the system. Without these considerations, roll motion may be under-predicted. Some additional considerations needed for the practical implementation of the proposed piecewise model are also discussed.
Ultrabroad linewidth orange-emitting nanowires LED for high CRI laser-based white lighting and gigahertz communications (2016)

Group-III-nitride laser diode (LD)-based solid-state lighting device has been demonstrated to be droop-free compared to light-emitting diodes (LEDs), and highly energy-efficient compared to that of the traditional incandescent and fluorescent white light systems. The YAG:Ce<sup>3+</sup> phosphor used in LD-based solid-state lighting, however, is associated with rapid degradation issue. An alternate phosphor/LD architecture, which is capable of sustaining high temperature, high power density, while still intensity- and bandwidth-tunable for high color-quality remained unexplored. In this paper, we present for the first time, the proof-of-concept of the generation of high-quality white light using an InGaN-based orange nanowires (NWs) LED grown on silicon, in conjunction with a blue LD, and in place of the compound-phosphor. By changing the relative intensities of the ultrabroad linewidth orange and narrow-linewidth blue components, our LED/LD device architecture achieved correlated color temperature (CCT) ranging from 3000 K to above 6000K with color rendering index (CRI) values reaching 83.1, a value unsurpassed by the YAG-phosphor/blue-LD counterpart. The white-light wireless communications was implemented using the blue LD through on-off keying (OOK) modulation to obtain a data rate of 1.06 Gbps. We therefore achieved the best of both worlds when orange-emitting NWs LED are utilized as "active-phosphor", while blue LD is used for both color mixing and optical wireless communications.
Computer Estimation of Spoken Language Skills (2000)

Skillful performance in a human language often involves a composite of elementary skills, such that language skills, cognitive skills, and social skills can be conflated in the judgement of a human listener. A new, computer-based method (PhonePass testing) provides an estimate of spoken language skills, relatively independent of the speaker's other social and cognitive skills. The PhonePass system has been implemented using interactive voice response to administer a standardized spoken English test that measures speaking and listening during a 10-minute telephone call. The system calculates scores on five performance subscales from a set of more basic measures that are produced by automatic speech recognition of examinee responses. Item response theory is used to analyze and scale aspects of examinee performance. The scores are also related to performance rubrics used in criterion-based human scoring of similar responses. The test construct is outlined, and the scaling methods and validation process are described with reference to experimental procedures that were used in the development of the SET-10 test, a standardized instrument.
Robust online orientation correction for radiographs in PACS environments (2006)

In picture archiving and communications systems (PACS), images need to be displayed in standardized ways for radiologists' interpretations. However, for most radiographs acquired via computed radiography (CR), digital radiography (DR), or digitized films, the image orientation is undetermined because of the variations in examination conditions and patients' situations. To address this problem, an automatic orientation correction method is developed. It first detects the most indicative region in a radiograph for image orientation, and then extracts a set of low-level visual features from the region. Based on these features, a well-trained classifier, using support vector machines, is employed to recognize the correct orientation of the radiograph and reorient it to the desired position. A large-scale experiment was conducted on more than 12 000 radiographs, which covered a wide variety of exam types, to validate the method. The overall success rate of orientation correction was 96.1%. A workflow study on the method also demonstrated a significant improvement in efficiency for image display. To our knowledge, this work represents the first robust system designed to handle all radiographic exam types using a unified framework instead of using dedicated strategies for different exam types.
Proteolytic Enzymes from Larvae of the Fire Ant, Solenopsis invicta (1998)

The imported red fire ant (Solenopsis invicta) is a problematic pest in the Southern United States. The stages of development for these ants are as follows: egg, 1st, 2nd, 3rd, and 4th instar larvae, prepupae, pupae, and adult. The 4th instar larvae plays an important role in the survival of the colony in that it is totally responsible for the digestion of solid foods and the source of nutrients for the queen and adult workers. In our studies we have been successful in purifying and characterizing four proteinases from the 4th instar larvae. Based on substrate specificity, they appear to represent two chymotrypsin-like and two elastase-like proteinases. These are referred to as Soli C1, Soli C2, Soli E1, and Soli E2, with molecular masses of 25, 28, 23, and 24 kDa, respectively, based on SDS-PAGE. All enzymes were inhibited by diisopropyl fluorophosphate, a general serine class inhibitor. Various synthetic substrates with either Phe or Val in the P1 position, were readily cleaved by Soli C1/C2 or E1/E2, respectively. Each enzyme has been characterized as to pH optimum, pH stability, isoelectrofocusing and susceptibility to inhibition by a broad range of natural and synthetic proteinase inhibitors. Such compounds may prove useful for the development of insecticides to control fire ant infestation.