gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Vaccines, Genes and Trials (1998)

This symposium takes place at the intersection of an acute success (the extraordinary recent developments in genetical research relevant to mycobacteria) and a chronic failure (the embarrassing failure of Bacillus Calmette-Guérin [BCG], the world's most widely used vaccine, to control tuberculosis). I will summarize the arguments that the variable efficacy of BCG is attributable, at least in part, to genetic differences in either the vaccine, the host populations or Mycobacterium tuberculosis. I will then address the problem of building upon our experience with BCG in order to develop and evaluate an improved vaccine against tuberculosis. The fact that the great burden of tuberculosis is associated with pulmonary disease in adults, much of which is associated either with reactivation of old infection or else with relatively recent reinfection, poses an immense problem for vaccine strategy and evaluation. One approach may be to vaccinate early in life, prior to initial infection with the tubercle bacillus, and then to follow up individuals for many decades. The alternative is to develop vaccines to boost appropriate protective immune mechanisms in individuals who have already been infected, and/or who have already been vaccinated (e.g. with BCG), and/or who may also have been sensitized to various environmental mycobacteria that influence the immune response to tubercle bacilli. The latter approach is novel, and may ultimately prove impossible, but its potential logistic and public health advantages are so great that it warrants serious attention by the research community before being abandoned.
CD90(+) Mesothelial-Like Cells in Peritoneal Fluid Promote Peritoneal Metastasis by Forming a Tumor Permissive Microenvironment (2014)

The peritoneal cavity is a common target of metastatic gastrointestinal and ovarian cancer cells, but the mechanisms leading to peritoneal metastasis have not been fully elucidated. In this study, we examined the roles of cells in peritoneal fluids on the development of peritoneal metastasis. We found that a minor subset of human intraperitoneal cells with CD90(+)/CD45(-) phenotype vigorously grew in culture with mesothelial-like appearance. The mesothelial-like cells (MLC) displayed the characteristics of mesenchymal stem cell, such as differentiating into adipocytes, osteocytes, and chondrocytes, and suppressing T cell proliferation. These cells highly expressed type I collagen, vimentin, α-smooth muscle actin and fibroblast activated protein-α by the stimulation with TGF-β, which is characteristic of activated myofibroblasts. Intraperitoneal co-injection of MLCs with the human gastric cancer cell line, MKN45, significantly enhanced the rate of metastatic formation in the peritoneum of nude mice. Histological examination revealed that many MLCs were engrafted in metastatic nodules and were mainly located at the fibrous area. Dasatinib, a potent tyrosine kinase inhibitor, strongly inhibited the proliferation of MLCs but not MKN45 in vitro. Nevertheless, oral administration of Dasatinib significantly inhibited the development of peritoneal metastasis of MKN45, and resulted in reduced fibrillar formation of metastatic nodules. These results suggest floating MLCs in the peritoneal fluids support the development of peritoneal metastasis possibly through the production of the permissive microenvironment, and thus the functional blockade of MLCs is a reasonable strategy to treat recurrent abdominal malignancies.
A chromatic explosion: the development and future of multiparameter flow cytometry (2008)

Multiparameter flow cytometry has matured tremendously since the 1990s, giving rise to a technology that allows us to study the immune system in unprecedented detail. In this article, we review the development of hardware, reagents, and data analysis tools for multiparameter flow cytometry and discuss future advances in the field. Finally, we highlight new applications that use this technology to reveal previously unappreciated aspects of cell biology and immunity.
A comparison of RNA amplification techniques at sub-nanogram input concentration (2009)

Gene expression arrays can be obtained with sub-nanogram input of total RNA. High intensity spots showed better correlation on array-array analysis than did unfiltered data, however, QPCR validated the accuracy of gene expression array profiling from low-input quantities of RNA with all 3 amplification techniques. RNA amplification and expression analysis at the sub-nanogram input level is both feasible and accurate if data processing is used to focus attention to high intensity genes for microarrays or if QPCR is used as a gold standard for validation.
Helicopter Adaptive Control With Parameter Estimation Based On Feedback Linearization (2007)

This paper presents an adaptive feedback linearization approach to derive helicopter. Ideal feedback linearization is defined for the cases when the system model is known. Adaptive feedback linearization is employed to get asymptotically exact cancellation for the inherent uncertainty in the knowledge of the given parameters of system. The control algorithm is implemented using the feedback linearization technique and adaptive method. The controller parameters are unknown where an adaptive control law aims to drive them towards their ideal values for providing perfect model matching between the reference model and the closed-loop plant model. The converged parameters of controller would then provide good estimates for the unknown plant parameters.
Anatomical registration and segmentation by warping template finite element models (1998)

Image segmentation and anatomical registration play an important role in subject-specific computational modeling and image analysis. Often a three-dimensional (3D) segmentation is available for a canonical template image dataset of a single subject. The goal of the present work is to apply this a priori knowledge to facilitate segmentation of anatomical structures in other subjects. A 'Warping' method was developed to deform the template anatomy and register it with specific target anatomies. This was achieved by direct incorporation of image data into a nonlinear finite element (FE) analysis program. The algorithm searches all admissible material configurations for the one which minimizes the difference between the target and the deformed template. FE models of specific anatomical structures were generated from the anatomy of one specific template subject. The FE model deforms under the laws of nonlinear continuum mechanics such that one-to-one correspondence of differential lines, areas, and volumes is guaranteed. The method has been successfully applied to 2D and 3D segmentation, registration, and geometrical model construction. Example results are provided for segmentation of the distal femur using X-ray computed tomography (CT) data, and registration of neuroanatomical structures using optical cryosection image data.
Learning Unix for Mac OS X Tiger (2005)

Beneath Mac OS X Tiger's easy-to-use Aqua interface lies a powerful Unix engine. Mac users know that Unix is at their fingertips, if only they knew how to access it. Learning Unix for Mac OS X Tiger provides Mac users with a user-friendly tour of the Unix world concealed beneath Mac OS X's hood and shows how to make the most use of the command-line tools. Thoroughly revised and updated for Mac OS X Tiger, this new edition introduces Mac users to the Terminal application and shows you how to navigate the command interface, explore hundreds of Unix applications that come with the Mac, and, most importantly, how to take advantage of both the Mac and Unix interfaces. Readers will learn how to: Launch and configure the Terminal application Customize the shell environment Manage files and directories Search with Spotlight from the command line Edit and create text files with vi and Pico Perform remote logins Access internet functions, and much more Learning Unix for Mac OS X Tiger is a clear, concise introduction to what you need to know to learn the basics of Unix on Tiger. If you want to master the command-line, this gentle guide to using Unix on Mac OS X Tiger is well worth its cover price.
Tracking High-Speed Motion with Multi-Exposure Images (2004)

Athletes and coaches in most professional sports make use of hightech equipment to analyze and, subsequently, improve the athlete’s performance. High-speed video cameras are employed, for instance, to record the swing of a golf club or a tennis racket, the movement of the feet while running, and the body motion in apparatus gymnastics. High-tech and high-speed equipment, however, usually implies high-cost as well. In this paper, we present a passive optical approach to capture high-speed motion using multiexposure images obtained with low-cost commodity still cameras and a stroboscope. The recorded motion remains completely undisturbed by the motion capture process. We apply our approach to capture the motion of hand and ball for a variety of baseball pitches and present algorithms to automatically track the position, velocity, rotation axis, and spin of the ball along its trajectory. To demonstrate the validity of our setup and algorithms, we analyze the consistency of our measurements with a physically based model that predicts the trajectory of a spinning baseball. Our approach can be applied to capture a wide variety of other high-speed objects and activities such as golng, bowling, or tennis for visualization as well as analysis purposes.
Getting Down to Business (2001)

Studies of the police and courts suggest substantial rural-urban variations in resources and in the manner in which cases are handled. Although probation is among the most frequently utilized sentencing options, little research has considered geographic variation among probationers, in the conditions of probation, or in case outcomes. This study utilizes data from every adult probationer discharged during a 4-week period ( N = 2,468) in a large Midwestern state. The study focuses on rural-urban differences in probationer characteristics, probation sentence characteristics, and case outcome measures.
EXPRESSION OF COMPLEMENT REGULATORY PROTEINS ON ISLETS OF LANGERHANS: A COMPARISON BETWEEN HUMAN ISLETS AND ISLETS ISOLATED FROM NORMAL AND hDAF TRANSGENIC PIGS1 (2001)

Porcine and human islet cells express species-restricted complement regulatory proteins, with the human islet cells expressing mainly hCD59. A low expression of hDAF was detected on islet cells from one of five hDAF TG pigs. These islet cells displayed reduced islet cell cytotoxicity in fresh human serum. We conclude that protection from complement-mediated lysis will be important in the context of intraportal pig-to-human islet transplantation, and expression of a human RCA on islet cells should be beneficial in this context.
Functionalised cyclopentadienyl zirconium compounds as potential anticancer drugs (2008)

New neutral and ionic functionalised zirconocene dichloride compounds have been isolated and characterised. The ionic zirconocene exhibits excellent cytotoxicity against a range of human tumour cell lines, which represents the first active anticancer zirconocene dichloride compound.
Options (1987)

A ‘European-type call (put) option’ is a security that gives its owner the right to buy (sell) a specified quantity of a financial or real asset at a specified price, the ‘exercise price’, on a specified date, the ‘expiration date’. An American-type option provides that its owner can exercise the option on or before the expiration date. If an option is not exercised on or before the expiration date, it expires and becomes worthless.
Attenuating CD3 affinity in a PSMAxCD3 bispecific antibody enables killing of prostate tumor cells with reduced cytokine release (2021)

Our data suggest that TNB-585, with its low-affinity anti-CD3, may be efficacious while inducing a lower incidence and severity of CRS in patients with prostate cancer compared with TCEs that incorporate high-affinity anti-CD3 domains.
Diffusion of Sb in relaxed Si1−<i>x</i>Ge<i>x</i> (1996)

Diffusion of antimony in relaxed Si1−xGex alloy layers grown by molecular beam epitaxy has been studied as a function of the composition for 0≤x≤0.5. The diffusivity of antimony was found to increase with the Ge alloy content, and the extracted activation energies for diffusion were found to decrease with increasing germanium content in the investigated composition range. The activation energies, however, are significantly higher than the corresponding activation energies obtained by an extrapolation between the activation energy in pure silicon and germanium.
Two-component signaling provides the major output from the cyanobacterial circadian clock (2006)

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences (PNAS), a peer reviewed journal of the National Academy of Sciences (NAS) - an authoritative source of high-impact, original research that broadly spans the biological, physical, and social sciences.
Cloud Rack: Enhanced virtual topology migration approach with Open vSwitch (2011)

Cloud computing has emerged to provide infrastructure for cost-effectively hosting applications with dynamically changing demands for computational resources. Dynamic resource allocation in cloud computing is made possible through virtualization technologies. In addition, live migration of services hosted in virtual machines (VMs) among multiple data centers is expected to add more flexibility in elastic resource allocation. Our recent work, Mobitopolo, has shown the proof of concept of an infrastructure to enable live migration of VMs with logical connections intact among them. However, since Mobitopolo makes more of portability, it suffers from network performance. In this paper, we propose alternative design and implementation of logical topology migration using KVM and Open vSwitch (OVS) to realize an infrastructure for applications demanding for much network performance.
Delta-Like Ligand 4 Regulates Central Nervous System T Cell Accumulation during Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis (2011)

Experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) is a CD4(+) T cell-mediated inflammatory demyelinating disease of the CNS that serves as a model for multiple sclerosis. Notch receptor signaling in T lymphocytes has been shown to regulate thymic selection and peripheral differentiation. In the current study, we hypothesized that Notch ligand-receptor interaction affects EAE development by regulating encephalitogenic T cell trafficking. We demonstrate that CNS-infiltrating myeloid dendritic cells, macrophages, and resident microglia expressed Delta-like ligand 4 (DLL4) after EAE induction. Treatment of mice with a DLL4-specific blocking Ab significantly inhibited the development of clinical disease induced by active priming. Furthermore, the treatment resulted in decreased CNS accumulation of mononuclear cells in the CNS. Anti-DLL4 treatment did not significantly alter development of effector cytokine expression by Ag-specific T cells. In contrast, anti-DLL4 treatment reduced T cell mRNA and functional cell surface expression of the chemokine receptors CCR2 and CCR6. Adoptive transfer of Ag-specific T cells to mice treated with anti-DLL4 resulted in decreased clinical severity and diminished Ag-specific CD4(+) T cell accumulation in the CNS. These results suggest a role for DLL4 regulation of EAE pathogenesis through modulation of T cell chemokine receptor expression and migration to the CNS.
Spectrophotometric method of estimation of Amlodipine besylate using hydrotropic solubilization (2011)

A novel, simple, fast and reproducible UV spectrophotometric method was developed using 2M urea solution as hydrotropic solubilizing agent for the estimation of poorly watersoluble drug amlodipine besylate in bulk and in pharmaceutical dosage form. Various organic solvents such as methanol, chloroform, dimethyl formamide and acetonitrile have been employed for solubilization of poorly water-soluble drugs to carry out spectrophotometric analysis. Drawbacks of organic solvents include their higher cost, toxicity and pollution. Hydrotropic solubilization may be a proper choice to preclude the use of organic solvents. It involve the addition of large amount of a second solute to increase the aqueous solubility of the first solute. Amlodipine exhibits absorption maximum at 243 nm. Urea did not show any absorbance above 225 nm and thus no interference in the estimation of drug was seen.Beer’s law was found to be obeyed in the concentration range of 5-25µg/mL. In this method, there is no interference from any common pharmaceutical additives and diluents. The correlation co-efficient (' r ' value) for amlodipine was0.99863.The results of analysis have been validated as per ICH guidelines. The percentage recoveries obtained for amlodipine ranges from 99.94 to 99.96. The method is accurate, precise and economical.
IL-4-dependent IgE switch in membrane IgA-positive human B cells (1991)

IgE responses by human B cells, separated according to membrane Ig classes, were analyzed in a clonal assay using EL-4 thymoma cells as helper cells, T cell supernatant, and rIL-4. In cultures seeded by means of the autoclone apparatus of the FACS, IgE responses were generated frequently by either IgM (mu+/gamma-alpha-) or IgA (alpha +/mu-)-positive B cells (16 and 14% of the Ig producing wells, respectively), but rarely by IgG (gamma +/mu-)-positive B cells (1.3% of Ig producing wells). The total amounts of Ig secreted by IgM-, IgG-, or IgA-positive cells and the total proportions of responding autoclone wells (23-27%) were comparable. All IgE secretion was IL-4 dependent. When the Ig secretion patterns from alpha +/mu- vs alpha +/mu-epsilon- B cells were compared, most autoclone wells from both types of cells produced IgA only, and similar proportions of IgA producing wells (6.2 and 6.0%) also secreted IgE. In addition, IgE restricted responses occurred 6 times more frequently with alpha +/mu- than with alpha +/mu-epsilon- cells, which suggests that membrane IgA+E double-positive, IgE committed B cells occur in vivo. The isotype pattern generated by alpha +/mu-epsilon- B cells cannot be explained by a chance assortment of separate IgA and IgE precursors or by cytophilic antibody. Thus, IL-4 dependent switch to IgE occurred frequently in IgM- or IgA-positive, but rarely among total IgG-positive, B cells. This could be relevant to IgE production in mucosal tissues rich in IgA expressing B cells.
Construction and Characterization of a Synthetic MicroRNA Cluster for Multiplex RNA Interference in Mammalian Cells (2015)

RNA interference (RNAi) technology is widely used in basic and translational research. By mimicking a natural primary microRNA (pri-miRNA) cluster, multiple engineered hairpins can be transcribed as a single transcript from the same Pol II promoter, enabling the formation of multiplex RNAi in mammalian cells. However, constructing a synthetic miRNA cluster is still time-consuming, and the processing and function of a miRNA cluster are incompletely understood. Here, we identified a miRNA precursor architecture that allows precise miRNA maturation. We established a hierarchical cloning method for the efficient construction of a synthetic miRNA cluster harboring up to 18 miRNA precursors. We demonstrated that the maturation and function of individual miRNA precursors were independent of their positions in the cluster. We then analyzed the integration efficiency of miRNA clusters having a varied number of miRNA precursors by using CRISPR/Cas9-mediated integration, a piggyBac transposon system, and a lentiviral system. This synthetic miRNA cluster system provides an important tool for multiplex RNAi in mammalian cells.
Issues of importance reported by persons with lower limb amputations and prostheses. (1999)

The purpose of this paper is to report prosthesis-related issues of importance that were identified by a diverse group of persons living with lower limb amputations (LLA) and prostheses. These perceptions and themes validate some old assumptions and challenge others, report both common and unusual experiences, and indirectly identify the information level of our respondents concerning prostheses. Persons with LLA were identified from computerized rosters at a level one regional trauma center and at the VA Puget Sound Health Care System-Seattle, Division. Inclusion criteria specified that respondents were to: 1) be one or more years post-unilateral amputation at the Syme's level (ankle disarticulation) or higher, 2) use their prosthesis at least 5 days a week, 3) read English, and 4) be able to provide informed consent. Respondents completed the Prosthesis Evaluation Questionnaire-field version (PEQ) and the standard form (SF)-36, a health status measure. Of 114 persons who agreed to participate, 92 (85% male, mean age 55 years) responded to the questionnaire and graded the personal importance of various characteristics and qualities of their prosthesis. The number of years since their last amputation ranged from 1 to 53 years. Four Themes of Interest were identified from responses to open-ended questions about living with a prosthesis. These themes included the fit of the socket with the residual limb, aspects of the mechanical functioning of the prosthesis, other nonmechanical qualities, and advice about adaptation to life with a prosthesis with support from others. Future research is recommended to adjust aspects of the fit of the prosthesis with the residual limb. Implementing periodic check-up visits could uncover problems and eliminate unnecessary suffering.
Love Data @ UH: Collaborating with Campus Partners to Promote Data Services (2019)

In this paper, the authors discuss their academic library’s role in promoting collaboration and visibility among various data service providers on campus, including those provided by the library. Bringing together these data providers for a one-day event at the library, Love Data @ UH, speakers and audience members were able to meet and talk about data management, data visualization, and other data-related services provided at University of Houston campus. The authors also discuss how the event was planned, with recommendations for others considering holding a similar event.