gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A Translational Roadmap for a Brain-Machine-Interface (BMI) System for Rehabilitation (2019)

In this communication, a translational roadmap for a noninvasive Brain Machine Interface (BMI) system for rehabilitation is presented. This multi-faceted project addresses important engineering, clinical, end user and regulatory challenges. The goal is to improve the feasibility of at-home neurorehabilitation for patients with chronic stroke by providing a low-cost, portable, form fitting, reliable, and easy-to-use system. The proposed BMI system is also designed to enable direct communication between the end-user and clinician, allowing for continuous patient specific rehabilitation optimization.
A New Class of Iterative Equalizers for Space–Time BICM Over MIMO Block Fading Multipath AWGN Channel (2005)

This paper addresses the issue of advanced equalization methods for space-time communications over multiple-input multiple-output block fading channel with intersymbol interference. Instead of resorting to conventional multiuser detection techniques (based on the straightforward analogy between antennas and users), we adopt a different point of view, and separate time equalization from space equalization, thus introducing a higher degree of freedom in the overall space-time equalizer design. Time-domain equalization relies on minimum mean-square error criterion and operates on multidimensional modulation symbols, whose individual components can be detected in accordance with another criterion. In particular, when the optimum maximum a posteriori criterion is chosen, substantial performance gains over conventional space-time turbo equalization have been observed for different transmission scenarios, at the price of an increased, albeit manageable, computational complexity.
Dual-Mode Canonical Waveguide Filters (1977)

This paper introduces a new form of dual-mode narrow-bandpass waveguide cavity filter. The filters, which can be constructed from either dual mode circular or square waveguide cavities, can realize the optimum transfer functions (including the exact elliptic function response). One of the unique features of these filters is that all the intercavity coupling irises may take the form of circular holes rather than long narrow slots. Several alternative input-output configurations are described. Experimental results on several filters indicate excellent agreement with theory.
Rough Surface Adhesion Mechanisms for Wafer Bonding (2006)

Wafer bonding can be viewed as an example of rough surface adhesion. We show that formalisms developed to describe rough surface adhesion can be rescaled to nanometer range and applied to silicon wafer bonding, with results that fit well with experimental observations.
Single-clock-cycle two-dimensional median filter (1996)

Median filters are of interest to image processing due to their ability to remove impulsive noise. Conventional digital implementations of the median function, however, require multiple clock cycles, a number that is proportional to the size of the 2-D data block. We present in the Letter a complete CMOS implementation, which consumes very little power and computes the median in just one clock cycle, independently from the size of the data block.
Modeling and analysis of p2p vod system (2012)

Peer-to-Peer (P2P) systems become a hot research topic in recent years because of their excellent ability for content distribution. In traditional Client/Server(C/S) mode, the server must serve each user directly. The server capacity is the bottleneck when user population becomes large. The power of P2P network is to encourage peers to share common content with each other to offload server. The P2P systems distribute content very efficiently if all peers help others selflessly with minimal support from the server. There are many works dedicated to the architecture and protocol design for P2P systems. These works study how to organize peers to exchange content efficiently. As content size and content population are growing very fast today, P2P networks are used to support Video on Demand (VoD) streaming service. For VoD streaming, besides bandwidth, the peers are required to contribute storage to cache some content that they may not be interested in. The new challenges include how to guarantee that all peers can play video smoothly and how to cache the content at different peers to minimize server load . In this thesis, we study the following problems in a P2P VoD streaming system:
• What the optimal movie replication strategy to minimize server load is. To study this problem, we first make an assumption to simplify the P2P service model. We assume that all peers follow a Perfect Fair Sharing (PFS) scheduling strategy. Based on this setup, we proposed Random Load Balance (RLB) algorithm to achieve minimum server load. We derive analytical bounds on the achieved server load.
• Next, We observe that different P2P scheduling strategies lead to different “optimal” replication strategies. Our second setup is to relax the assumption of perfect fair sharing scheduling by proposing a Fair Sharing with Bounded Degree (FSBD) model, parameterized by the maximum number of peers that can be used to serve a single request. PFS is a special case of FSBD. We compare different replication strategies for different in-degree bounds and see how and why different replication strategies are favored depending on the in-degree.
• For the last problem, we let the movie population become large and assume that there is some skewness in movie popularity. Then peers can’t reduce server load and provide availability of all movies at the same time. In other words, peers must be selective in replicating sufficiently popular movies. It is a tradeoff between coverage of movies and streaming throughput provided by the P2P system.
Besides analysis, we also use simulation to validate our models. As a robust solution under different P2P service models, we proposed a simple adaptive movie replication algorithm with computation efficiency. Our study leads to several fundamental insights for the design of P2P VoD systems in practice.
Single-shot surface 3-D imaging by optical coherence factor (Conference Presentation) (2020)

We report a single-shot surface three-dimensional (3-D) imaging method that uses optical coherence as a contrast mechanism to acquire the vertical (z-direction) information of an object. The illumination of the imaging system comes from a light source with the optical coherence length similar to the depth of field (DoF) of the optical system. Holographic recording is used to retrieve the coherence visibility factor, which is then converted to z-direction information. In the experiment, we compare the imaging results of our method to conventional incoherent imaging results, showing that this contrast mechanism is able to provide additional information. We also validate our 3D imaging results by using axial scanning full-field optical coherence tomography.
Attenuated phase-shifting photomasks fabricated from Cr-based embedded shifter blanks (1994)

I-line (365 nm) and G-line (436 nm) attenuated phase shifting photomasks have been developed using single layer Cr-based photoblanks. The absorber layer has a composition gradient that allows the desired transmission to be tuned while maintaining control over reflectivity and phase shift. These photoblanks are manufactured in existing facilities, and masks are processed much like conventional opaque Cr-based materials. They can be inspected and repaired on current equipment with slight modifications. Printing has been demonstrated on current generation steppers. Deep UV extendability of these materials is also being studied, with a 5% Deep UV (248 nm) single layer photoblank chemistry already demonstrated.
A new imaging technique based on the nonlinear properties of tissues (2002)

Finite amplitude sound propagating in a medium undergoes distortion due to the nonlinear properties of the medium. The nonlinear distortion produces harmonic (and subharmonic) energy in the propagating signal. The amplitudes used by commercial medical scanners during routine diagnostic scanning are in most cases finite and thus within the range that produces nonlinear distortion. Thermoviscous absorption of tissue which is frequency dependent rapidly dissipates this harmonic energy. This has led to the widely held assumption that nonlinear distortion was not a significant factor in medical diagnostic imaging. However, the wide dynamic range, digital architecture, and the signal processing capabilities of modern diagnostic ultrasound systems make it possible to utilize this tissue generated harmonic energy for image formation. These images often demonstrate reduced nearfield artifacts and improved tissue structure visualization. Previously, those images were believed to be the result of transmitted second harmonic energy. It is shown that the nonlinear properties of tissue are the major contribution of harmonic images.
Structure-activity of deleted and substituted systemin, an 18-amino acid polypeptide inducer of plant defensive genes. (1993)

The primary structure-activity relationships of systemin, an 18-amino acid polypeptide from tomato leaves that regulates the expression of two wound-inducible proteinase inhibitor genes in tomato and potato plants, were investigated. Analogs of systemin, the only example of a polypeptide signal from plants, were synthesized with progressive deletions of amino acids from both the NH2 terminus and COOH terminus and assayed in young excised tomato plants. All of the analogs exhibited severely decreased proteinase inhibitor-inducing activities, indicating that the entire 18-amino acid sequence is necessary for maximal activity. Deletion of the COOH-terminal Asp abolished inducing activity. Progressive replacement of each amino acid of the entire polypeptide with Ala revealed two regions, near residues Pro13, where Ala substitution reduced activity to less than 0.2%, and Thr17, which totally inactivated the analog. Other replacements with Ala had little or only moderate effects on activity. The two inactive analogs, des-Asp18 systemin and Ala17 systemin, were potent inhibitors of the inducing activity of the native systemin. These analogs, therefore, contain structural conformations sufficient for competition with systemin, but they are not competent for proteinase inhibitor gene induction. A synthetic COOH-terminal tetrapeptide, Met-Gln-Thr-Asp, retained low proteinase inhibitor inducing activity, but virtually any replacements with other amino acids either eliminated activity or reduced the activity to very low or nearly undetectable levels. These results indicate that residues near the COOH terminus of systemin are necessary for activity, possibly involving a phosphorylation at Thr17, and that other regions of the systemin sequence are important for interacting with a receptor(s) but are not sufficient to activate proteinase inhibitor gene expression.
The Relevance Vector Machine (1999)

The support vector machine (SVM) is a state-of-the-art technique for regression and classification, combining excellent generalisation properties with a sparse kernel representation. However, it does suffer from a number of disadvantages, notably the absence of probabilistic outputs, the requirement to estimate a trade-off parameter and the need to utilise `Mercer&apos; kernel functions. In this paper we introduce the Relevance Vector Machine (RVM), a Bayesian treatment of a generalised linear model of identical functional form to the SVM. The RVM suffers from none of the above disadvantages, and examples demonstrate that for comparable generalisation performance, the RVM requires dramatically fewer kernel functions.
Inhibitors of Rho‐kinase modulate amyloid‐β (Aβ) secretion but lack selectivity for Aβ42 (2005)

Certain non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) preferentially inhibit production of the amyloidogenic Abeta42 peptide, presumably by direct modulation of gamma-secretase activity. A recent report indicated that NSAIDs could reduce Abeta42 by inhibition of the small GTPase Rho, and a single inhibitor of Rho kinase (ROCK) mimicked the effects of Abeta42-lowering NSAIDs. To investigate whether Abeta42 reduction is a common property of ROCK inhibitors, we tested commercially available compounds in cell lines that were previously used to demonstrate the Abeta42-lowering activity of NSAIDs. Surprisingly, we found that two ROCK inhibitors reduced total Abeta secretion in a dose-dependent manner but showed no selectivity for Abeta42. In addition, ROCK inhibitors did not increase Abeta38 secretion in cell-based assays or reduce Abeta production in gamma-secretase in vitro assays, which are critical characteristics of Abeta42-lowering NSAIDs. The reduction in total Abeta levels by ROCK inhibitors was not accompanied by overall-changes in amyloid precursor protein processing. Targeting ROCK by expression of dominant-negative or constitutively active ROCK mutants failed to modulate Abeta secretion, indicating that ROCK inhibition may either be redundant or insufficient for Abeta reduction by ROCK inhibitors. Taken together, these results seem to exclude a mechanistic involvement of ROCK in the Abeta42-lowering activity of NSAIDs.
Proliferative human cell sources applied as biocomponent in bioartificial livers: a review (2012)

All the discussed hepatocyte-like biocomponents show deficiencies in their hepatic functionality compared with primary hepatocytes, particularly functions occurring late in liver development. Nonetheless, the HepaRG, HepG2-GS-CYP3A4, and mesenchymal stem cells show efficacy in a statistically well-powered animal model of acute liver failure, when applied in a BAL device. Various methods to gain higher functionality of BALs, including genetic modification, the usage of combinatory cell sources, and improvement of culture methods, have scarcely been applied, but may further pave the path for BAL application. Clinical implementation of a BAL based on a human proliferative biocomponent is still several years away.
Clonal analysis of the proliferation potential of human bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells as a function of potency (2011)

Human mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) from bone marrow are a heterogeneous ensemble of progenitors and lineage-committed cells, with a broad range of regenerative properties. Ex vivo expansion to produce sufficient quantities of MSCs is essential for most therapeutic applications. The present study resolves the relationship between proliferation potential of MSCs and their potency. Clonal analysis generated single-cell derived colonies of MSCs that were classified according to their trilineage potential to exhibit adipo- (A), chondro- (C), and osteogenesis (O) as a measure of potency. Multipotent OAC clones were highly proliferative with colony-forming efficiencies that ranged from 35% to 90%; whereas, O clones formed colonies with an efficiency of 5% or less (P < 0.01). Similar trends were evident during ex vivo expansion: for example, the median specific growth rate was 0.8 day(-1) (20 h doubling time) for cultures inoculated with OAC clones and was 5-fold less for inocula of O clones (P < 0.01). OA and OC clones had similar proliferation potentials. More than 75% of cells in subconfluent cultures inoculated with O clones stained positive for senescence-associated β-galactosidase activity vs. less than 10% for OAC clones (P < 0.001). Apoptotic cells were in the minority for all potency groups. Preliminary data generated during clonal analysis suggest that osteogenic potential of MSCs to produce mineralized matrix is a function of potency, as well. These results are discussed in the context of the preparation of efficacious MSC therapies by ex vivo expansion.
Adaptive Resolution Change for Versatile Video Coding (2020)

This paper presents an adaptive resolution change (ARC) method adopted in versatile video coding (VVC) to adapt the video bit-stream transmission to dynamic network environments. This approach enables resolution changes within a video sequence at any frame without the insertion of an instantaneous decoder refresh (IDR) or intra random access picture (IRAP). The underlying techniques include reference picture resampling and handling of interactions between the existing coding tools and the changes in resolution. In addition to the techniques adopted in VVC, this paper proposes two techniques for temporal motion vector prediction and deblocking filter to further improve both subjective and objective quality. The experimental results show that the combined ARC method can prevent the burden on bit cost exerted by the insertion of an intra frame during resolution changes. At the same time, 18%, 21% and 21% BD-rate reductions are achieved for Y, Cb, and Cr components, respectively.
<title>Study of binary image compression using universal coding</title> (1991)

This paper presents a new approach to binary image compression by using universal coding for various kinds of binary images, such as line-drawings and half-tones. We studied two types of preprocessing of universal coding for binary images, and found that for various kinds of line-drawings, and half- tone(screen-dots) images, both preprocessors outperformed compared with conventional schemes.
Implementation of a Multiplex rRT-PCR for Zika, Chikungunya, and Dengue Viruses: Improving Arboviral Detection in an Endemic Region (2020)

Arboviral diagnosis has been complicated throughout the tropical and subtropical Americas by the recent co-circulation of Zika virus (ZIKV), chikungunya virus (CHIKV), and dengue virus (DENV). The aim of this study was to implement a multiplex real-time RT-PCR (rRT-PCR) for ZIKV, CHIKV, and DENV in Paraguay to test patients who were clinically suspected of having dengue. We tested 110 sera from patients who presented to the Hospital de Clínicas in 2016 and had testing for DENV nonstructural protein 1 (NS1; 40 positive and 70 negative). Using a composite reference standard, we confirmed 51 dengue cases (46.4%): 38/40 NS1 positive and 13/70 NS1 negative. Chikungunya virus and ZIKV were detected in one sample each, both were DENV NS1 negative. The NS1 test demonstrated good agreement with rRT-PCR for DENV. However, multiplex rRT-PCR identified a subset of dengue cases and additional arboviral infections that would not be detected if NS1 assays are relied upon for diagnosis.
Automated liver elasticity calculation for MR elastography (2015)

The results of this study show that the newly developed automated algorithm is able to measure stiffness in clinical liver MRE exams with an accuracy that is equivalent to that of an expert radiologist. ALEC may be useful for analysis of archived data and suitable for performing multi-center studies.
A new approach for forming device contacts with improved surface passivation [solar cells] (2002)

Increased interest in renewable energy sources and concern for the environment are giving impetus to the search for viable energy alternatives. One step to increasing the economic viability of PV technology is to improve the energy conversion efficiency. Most commercially produced solar cells suffer from poor rear surface passivation, including the buried contact solar cell (BCSC), with a poor back surface field (BSF) produced by an aluminium alloying process. In this work, the low temperature process of metal mediated epitaxial growth (MMEG) is used to produce an improved back surface field (BSF) and surface passivation for the BCSC in conjunction with reduced area contacts. The material produced by MMEG gives a p/sup +/ epitaxial silicon layer doped with Al at approximately 2/spl times/10/sup 18/ atoms-cm/sup -3/. Experimental devices achieve an improvement of 30-40 mV in open circuit voltage over the standard BCSC indicating a significant improvement in rear surface passivation.
Structure of nanodiamonds prepared by laser synthesis (2013)

A study is reported of nanodiamonds obtained by a new method—pulsed laser ablation of a specially prepared carbon target. In the mechanism employed to produce a diamond phase, this method is similar to that of detonation synthesis of nanodiamonds. The main structural characteristics of the material have been determined and compared with the corresponding characteristics of detonation nanodiamonds.
Reliable classification of high explosive and chemical/biological artillery using acoustic sensors (2005)

Feature extraction methods based on the discrete wavelet transform and multiresolution analysis are used to develop a robust classification algorithm that reliably discriminates between conventional and simulated chemical/biological artillery rounds via acoustic signals produced during detonation utilizing a generic acoustic sensor. Based on the transient properties of the signature blast distinct characteristics arise within the different acoustic signatures because high explosive warheads emphasize concussive and shrapnel effects, while chemical/biological warheads are designed to disperse their contents over large areas, therefore employing a slower burning, less intense explosive to mix and spread their contents. The ensuing blast waves are readily characterized by variations in the corresponding peak pressure and rise time of the blast, differences in the ratio of positive pressure amplitude to the negative amplitude, and variations in the overall duration of the resulting waveform. Unique attributes can also be identified that depend upon the properties of the gun tube, projectile speed at the muzzle, and the explosive burn rates of the warhead. The algorithm enables robust classification of various airburst signatures using acoustics. It is capable of being integrated within an existing chemical/biological sensor, a stand-alone generic sensor, or a part of a disparate sensor suite. When emplaced in high-threat areas, this added capability would further provide field personal with advanced battlefield knowledge without the aide of so-called "sniffer" sensors that rely upon air particle information based on direct contact with possible contaminated air. In this work, the discrete wavelet transform is used to extract the predominant components of these characteristics from air burst signatures at ranges exceeding 2km while maintaining temporal sequence of the data to keep relevance to the transient differences of the airburst signatures. Highly reliable discrimination is achieved with a feedforward neural network classifier trained on a feature space derived from the distribution of wavelet coefficients and higher frequency details found within different levels of the multiresolution decomposition the neural network then is capable of classifying new airburst signatures as Chemical/Biological or High Explosive.
Feasibility Study of a New Magnetic Resonance Imaging Mini‐capsule Device to Measure Whole Gut Transit Time in Paediatric Constipation (2020)

Magnetic Resonance Imaging in Paediatric Constipation was a first-in-child feasibility study of a new medical device to measure WGTT in paediatric constipation using MRI. The study showed that the new method is feasible and is well tolerated.