gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Chronomodulated drug delivery system: A comprehensive review on the recent advances in a new sub-discipline of ′chronopharmaceutics′ (2011)

With the advancement in the field of chronobiology, modern drug delivery approaches have been elevated to a new concept of chronopharmacology, that is, the ability to deliver the therapeutic agent to a patient in a staggered profile. The mammalian circadian pacemaker resides in the paired suprachiasmatic nuclei and influences a multitude of biological processes, including the sleep–wake rhythm. Clock genes are the genes that control the circadian rhythms in physiology and behavior. Twenty-four hours rhythms are demonstrated for the function of physiology and the pathophysiology of diseases. The effectiveness and toxicity of many drugs vary depending on the dosing time. Such chronopharmacological phenomena are influenced by not only the pharmacodynamics, but also the pharmacokinetics of medications.The underlying mechanisms are associated with the 24-hour rhythms of biochemical,physiological, and behavioral processes under thecontrol of the circadian clock. New technology for delivering medications precisely in a time-modulated fashion, by bedside or ambulatory pumps, is being developed to manage human diseases. From the point of view of pharmaceutics, the application of a biological rhythm to pharmacotherapy may be accomplished by the appropriate timing of conventionally formulated tablets and capsules, and a special drug delivery system, to synchronize the drug concentrations with the rhythms in the disease activity. Therefore, the present article gives an overview of the dosing time-dependent alterations in the therapeutic outcome and safety of the drug. The underlying mechanisms and usefulness are introduced from the point of view of chronopharmacology and chronotherapy.
Serum Antioxidants and Age-Related Macular Degeneration in a Population-Based Case-Control Study (1995)

Very low levels of one (lycopene) but not other dietary carotenoids or tocopherols were related to ARMD. Lower levels of vitamin E in subjects with exudative macular degeneration compared with controls may be explained by lower levels of serum lipids.
Strategies for effectively visualizing 3D flow with volume LIC (1997)

This paper discusses strategies for effectively portraying 3D flow using volume line integral convolution. Issues include defining an appropriate input texture, clarifying the distinct identities and relative depths of the advected texture elements, and selectively highlighting regions of interest in both the input and output volumes. Apart from offering insights into the greater potential of 3D LIC as a method for effectively representing flow in a volume, a principal contribution of this work is the suggestion of a technique for generating and rendering 3D visibility-impeding halos that can help to intuitively indicate the presence of depth discontinuities between contiguous elements in a projection and thereby clarify the 3D spatial organization of elements in the flow. The proposed techniques are applied to the visualization of a hot, supersonic, laminar jet exiting into a colder, subsonic coflow.
Internet-Enabled Information Management for Configure-to-Order Product Fulfillment (2004)

Configure-to-order (CTO) strategy has been implemented by many industries that adopt mass customization. Its major concern lies in a series of product fulfillment activities, e.g. configuring the individual product and corresponding production process. The successful implementation of CTO production calls for the correctness and promptness of the execution of these activities. Therefore, a Web-based integrated information management system is important and necessary. Facilitated by such a system, not only the required product and process information can be shared and exchanged by multiple partners dispersed geographically, but also the enabled functional integration contributes to an effective communication and coordination among departments across a supply chain network. In the paper the issues relating to the integrated information management and a Web-based system are discussed in detail. Also provided is the role of the system in supply chain management in today's e-commerce environment.
Advancements in Soft Polyolefin Bead Foams for Automotive Interior Trim Components (2004)

<div class="htmlview paragraph">Advancements in soft polyolefin bead foams for automotive interior trim components permit a more targeted response to automotive industry requirements, including: cushioning, energy management efficiency, parts consolidation, elimination of restricted materials and substances, recycleability, and lower prices.</div> <div class="htmlview paragraph">This paper will describe these recent advancements in the properties of and processing techniques for soft polyolefin foams.</div> <div class="htmlview paragraph">Soft polyolefin foam properties allow interior components to meet increasingly stringent environmental substance regulations. They also allow interior components to meet a broad range of application requirements from the requirements for soft feel at low strain rates to the requirements for energy absorption at higher strain rates.</div> <div class="htmlview paragraph">The unique properties of these soft polyolefin foams address interior application requirements, including weight reduction, energy absorption performance (per recent FMVSS changes), and styling.</div> <div class="htmlview paragraph">New processing techniques for moldable soft polyolefin bead foams include the ability to produce molded part densities as low as 13 g/l (0.8 pcf), the ability to produce varying degrees of cross-linking to affect the degree of foam softness and resilience, and the ability to produce one-step Class-A surface molded parts with TPO laminated skins.</div> <div class="htmlview paragraph">This paper will describe advances in polyolefin resins, a discussion of advanced polyolefin bead foam processing techniques, information regarding quasi-static and dynamic stress-strain curves, and information regarding foam cushioning.</div>
Laminin degradation by human colon carcinoma cells: a role for urinary and tissue plasminogen activators. (1995)

The human colon carcinoma cell lines Co112 and Co115 are both invasive in nude mice following intraperitoneal implantation. Co115 cells only exhibit metastasis capacity under this condition. Characterization of the plasminogen activation system demonstrates that Co112 cells express the urinary-type plasminogen activator (uPA) and Co115 cells the tissue-type (tPA), exclusively. Immunocytochemical analyses revealed that the in vitro plasminogen-dependent lysis of exogenous basement membrane laminin induced by Co112 cells displayed a gradient-like pattern, whereas, in the case of Co115 cells, it was sharply confined to the pericellular area. Double-labeling experiments showed that uPA on Co112 and tPA on Co115 cells are cell-surface-associated constituents. The cellular distribution of laminin expressed by tumor cells themselves appears to be distributed homogeneously in the cytoplasm of both cell types. We suggest that the extracellular matrix degradation induced by tumor cell surface-associated plasmin implies two different mechanisms which are specifically related to uPA or to tPA, both contributing to matrix degradation and malignant invasion.
Glycosylated hemoglobin assay and oral glucose tolerance test compared for detection of diabetes mellitus. (1979)

We compared the oral glucose tolerance test (I) as evaluated by six commonly used scoring methods and total glycohemoglobin assay (II) with respect to their value in the diagnosis of diabetes mellitus. Depending on the evaluation method used for I, 16.7 to 64.3% of those subjects diagnosed as diabetic or borderline by this test were judged to be normal by II. The best agreement was between II and the Unger evaluation method. High-density-lipoprotein cholesterol, which showed an inverse correlation with II, was decreased in subjects judged to be diabetic by the Unger method. We conclude that the utilization of II measurement as a screening method for diabetes mellitus is consistent with a conservative approach to the diagnosis of diabetes.
Adaptive Data Synchronization Algorithm for IoT-Oriented Low-Power Wide-Area Networks (2018)

The Internet of Things (IoT) is by now very close to be realized, leading the world towards a new technological era where people's lives and habits will be definitively revolutionized. Furthermore, the incoming 5G technology promises significant enhancements concerning the Quality of Service (QoS) in mobile communications. Having billions of devices simultaneously connected has opened new challenges about network management and data exchange rules that need to be tailored to the characteristics of the considered scenario. A large part of the IoT market is pointing to Low-Power Wide-Area Networks (LPWANs) representing the infrastructure for several applications having energy saving as a mandatory goal besides other aspects of QoS. In this context, we propose a low-power IoT-oriented file synchronization protocol that, by dynamically optimizing the amount of data to be transferred, limits the device level of interaction within the network, therefore extending the battery life. This protocol can be adopted with different Layer 2 technologies and provides energy savings at the IoT device level that can be exploited by different applications.
The Circadian System and Affective Disorders: Clocks or Rhythms? (1990)

There have been a number of proposals that a pathology of the circadian system involving clock functioning underlies the affective disorders. It is argued that neither current findings from research into the neurophysiological substrates of the affective disorders, recent clinical findings regarding these illnesses or their phenomenology support such a contention. This does not mean however that there is not a primary pathological disturbance of the circadian system at the heart of the affective disorders. The same neurophysiological, phenomenological and clinical evidence can be offered in favour of a disturbance of circadian rhythms in the presence of grossly normal clock functioning. The research and remedial implications of this alternative are outlined briefly.
IN: useful but no panacea (intelligent network implementation problems) (1991)

Many players in the telecommunications game have seen IN as a key to their ambitions. The author predicts that many of their expectations will not be met. The reasons behind this prediction are discussed with reference to IN architecture and the location of the service logic programs. It is concluded that work should be focussed on network level control based on the open distributed processing (ODP) model. >
Genetic engineering of microorganisms for biodiesel production (2013)

Biodiesel, as one type of renewable energy, is an ideal substitute for petroleum-based diesel fuel and is usually made from triacylglycerides by transesterification with alcohols. Biodiesel production based on microbial fermentation aiming to establish more efficient, less-cost and sustainable biodiesel production strategies is under current investigation by various start-up biotechnology companies and research centers. Genetic engineering plays a key role in the transformation of microbes into the desired cell factories with high efficiency of biodiesel production. Here, we present an overview of principal microorganisms used in the microbial biodiesel production and recent advances in metabolic engineering for the modification required. Overexpression or deletion of the related enzymes for de novo synthesis of biodiesel is highlighted with relevant examples.
Light-efficient augmented reality display with steerable eyebox (2019)

We present a novel head-mounted display setup that uses the pinhole imaging principle coupled with a low-latency dynamic pupil follower. A transmissive LCD is illuminated by a single LED backlight. LED illumination is focused onto the viewer's pupil to form an eyebox smaller than the average human pupil, thereby creating a pinhole display effect where objects at all distances appear in focus. Since nearly all the light is directed to the viewer's pupil, a single low-power LED for each primary color with 0.42 lumens total output is sufficient to create a bright and full-color display of 360 cd/m<sup>2</sup> luminance. In order to follow the viewer's pupil, the eyebox needs to be steerable. We achieved a dynamic eyebox using an array of LEDs that is coupled with a real-time pupil tracker. The entire system is operated at 11 msec motion-to-photon latency, which meets the demanding requirements of the real-time pupil follower system. Experimental results effectively demonstrated our head-mounted pinhole display with 37° FOV and very high light efficiency, equipped with a pupil follower with low motion-to-photon latency.
Humans Prefer Curved Visual Objects (2006)

People constantly make snap judgments about objects encountered in the environment. Such rapid judgments must be based on the physical properties of the targets, but the nature of these properties is yet unknown. We hypothesized that sharp transitions in contour might convey a sense of threat, and therefore trigger a negative bias. Our results were consistent with this hypothesis. The type of contour a visual object possesses--whether the contour is sharp angled or curved--has a critical influence on people's attitude toward that object.
P‐12: Depth Super‐resolution for Enhanced Free‐viewpoint TV (2010)

Abstract Depth maps are used in many applications, e.g. 3D television, 3D computer graphics, etc. Often, depth maps are available at a lower resolution compared to the corresponding color images. for these applications, depth maps must be scaled up to the color image resolution. We present a super‐resolution method of depth maps. The proposed method is based on the observation that significant transitions in depth intensity influence the overall quality of synthesized virtual view. In order to preserve the object boundary in depth map, we modify the interpolation weights according to object boundary. This method can improve the accuracy in depth maps for the synthesis of the virtual view. Evaluation using MPEG multi‐view videos shows significant enhancement of depth quality and synthesized video quality.
A generalized model for coupled lines and its applications to two-layer planar circuits (1992)

A generalized network model for asymmetrical and inhomogeneous coupled lines has been derived based on normal mode parameters. This model is useful for synthesis of single and multilayer coupled-line circuits, such as planar baluns and directional couplers. The synthesis procedures are described and have been verified by comparing with analysis results.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Cell Selection in 4G Cellular Networks (2012)

Cell selection is the process of determining the cell(s) that provide service to each mobile station. Optimizing these processes is an important step toward maximizing the utilization of current and future cellular networks. We study the potential benefit of global cell selection versus the current local mobile SNR-based decision protocol. In particular, we study the new possibility available in OFDMA-based systems, such as IEEE 802.16m and LTE-Advanced, of satisfying the minimal demand of a mobile station simultaneously by more than one base station. We formalize the problem as an optimization problem, and show that in the general case this problem is not only NP-hard but also cannot be approximated within any reasonable factor. In contrast, under the very practical assumption that the maximum required bandwidth of a single mobile station is at most an r-fraction of the capacity of a base station, we present two different algorithms for cell selection. The first algorithm produces a (1-r)-approximate solution, where a mobile station can be covered simultaneously by more than one base station. The second algorithm produces a 1-r/2-r-approximate solution, while every mobile station is covered by at most one base station. We complete our study by an extensive simulation study demonstrating the benefits of using our algorithms in high-loaded capacity-constrained future 4G networks, compared to currently used methods. Specifically, our algorithms obtain up to 20 percent better usage of the network's capacity, in comparison with the current cell selection algorithms.
Data storage, image tube type (1973)

Method and apparatus for the storage of digital or analog electrical signals are provided by a memory storage system employing a conventional vidicon tube. At the beginning of an operating cycle, the vidicon is conditioned to accept electrical data input by exposing its photosensitive target to a short, high intensity light flash. A first electron beam scan of the photosensitive surface then sets up a charge pattern on the photosensitive target. A second electron beam scan of the photosensitive surface by an unmodulated electron beam then develops an output signal across an output resistor by using capacitive currents. The conditioning and scanning steps are operated repetitively at high speed using conventional television camera scan, sync, and power supply circuitry to provide a low cost data storage system.
Serum Contains Chemoattractants for Human Retinal Pigment Epithelial Cells (1984)

Blood or serum in the vitreous cavity is associated with cellular membrane formation in proliferative vitreoretinopathy and following severe trauma. Retinal pigment epithelial cells (RPE) are important components of these membranes. For RPE cells to effectively spread throughout the vitreous cavity and form contractile membranes, cell migration must occur. We found that fetal bovine serum and human serum increase human RPE cell migration in a dose-dependent manner; fibronectin (FN) caused a dose-dependent increase in RPE cell migration of similar magnitude. This effect was independent of any effect on cell attachment. The RPE cell migration occurred along a gradient from low to high concentrations of FN and thus represents chemotaxis. Serum depleted of FN lost much of its ability to stimulate RPE cell migration. These results demonstrate that serum contains chemoattractants for human RPE cells and that FN accounts for much of this activity.
Comparative study of P element activity in two natural populations of Drosophila melanogaster. (1991)

Population structure concerning P element activity was investigated in two natural Drosophila populations. These populations are very different as far as in the viability spectrum is concerned. In one population, the Raleigh, United States population, genetic loads related to viability have been kept at a fairly high level. In the other population, the Nagasaki, Japan, population, the genetic loads tend to be stable at very low levels. In the Raleigh population it is estimated that on the average 4 copies of intact P elements that possess transposase activity exist in the genome. On the other hand only 0.7 complete copies are estimated to exist in the genome of the Nagasaki population. Heterogeneity in the P element copy number and significant positive linkage disequilibrium among occupied sites were detected in the Raleigh population. Our results, with some evidences which indicate that high mutation rate was caused by the P element, suggests that the large genetic loads in the Raleigh population are caused by the rapid invasion of P element in this population.
Enhanced bioavailability of orally administered antisense oligonucleotide to nuclear factor kappa B mRNA after microencapsulation with albumin (2013)

Antisense molecules that pertain to ribonucleic acid (RNA) and complementary to the messenger RNA (mRNA) are produced by transcription of a given gene. Antisense oligonucleotides have emerged as potential gene-specific therapeutic agents that are currently undergoing evaluation in clinical trials for a variety of diseases. When administered orally, antisense oligionucleotides have poor bioavailability as they are rapidly degraded by the acid in the stomach and by the enzymes in the intestine. Therefore, the enhancement of bioavailability after oral administration is highly desirable. This article shows the enhanced bioavailability of antisense oligonucleotides that targets nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) mRNA after encapsulating in an inert, biodegradable albumin polymer matrix that was administered via the oral route into a rat model. The bioavailability of the antisense oligonucleotides to NF-κB in microencapsulated form was compared to the solution form of the drug upon oral administration. The solution form had a low bioavailability of 9%, whereas the bioavailability for the microencapsulated form of the drug increased up to 70%. Moreover, the other pharmacokinetic parameters including half-life (t1/2) and volume of distribution (Vd) increased for the microencapsulated form compared to the solution form of the drug.
Activation of Human Plasminogen by Staphylokinase. Direct Evidence That Preformed Plasmin Is Necessary for Activation to Occur (1997)

Abstract To directly determine whether the mechanism of activation of human plasminogen (HPg) by staphylokinase (Sak) required formation of an active complex of Sak and HPg, recombinant (r) variants of HPg were examined that allowed dissection of the steps involved in this activation. The rate of activation of wild-type (wt) r-HPg by equimolar levels of Sak was enhanced when small amounts of human plasmin (HPm) were included, suggesting that a Sak-HPm complex was a more effective plasminogen activator than a putative Sak-HPg complex. Incubation of equimolar Sak with a cleavage site resistant mutant of HPg (r-[R561 A]HPg) did not result in generation of amidolytic activity of the complex, in contrast to a similar experiment with streptokinase (SK) in place of Sak, where substantial amidolytic activity was generated. This result supplies evidence that an active complex of Sak and HPg does not form, as is the case with SK. Another mutant, r-[D646E]HPg, which, upon activation, would lead to a form of HPm defective in enzymatic activity, is also not converted to its two-chain form by Sak, but is converted to the inactive two-chain form by urokinase, a direct plasminogen activator, and by equimolar complexes of SK or Sak with wtr-HPm. This shows that the active site of HPm is the functional plasminogen activator entity in the Sak-HPm complex. These results show that the mechanism of activation of HPg by Sak proceeds in a distinctly different manner than the similar activation by SK. Although SK does not require the presence of HPm for this activation, a necessary condition for the activation by Sak is formation of a small amount of HPm generated via another activation pathway. These different mechanisms have significant implications in production of the fibrinolytic state by these two indirect bacterial plasminogen activators.