gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Preparation, Characterization and Evaluation of Quetiapine Fumarate Solid Lipid Nanoparticles to Improve the Oral Bioavailability (2013)

Quetiapine fumarate is an antipsychotic drug with poor oral bioavailability (9%) due to first-pass metabolism. Present work is an attempt to improve oral bioavailability of quetiapine fumarate by incorporating in solid lipid nanoparticles (SLN). Six quetiapine fumarate SLN formulations were developed using three different lipids by hot homogenisation followed by ultrasonication. The drug excipient compatibility was studied by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). Stable quetiapine fumarate SLNs having a mean particle size of 200-250 nm with entrapment efficiency varying in between 80% and 92% were developed. The physical stability of optimized formulation F3 was checked at room temperature for 2 months. Comparative bioavailability studies were conducted in male Wistar rats after oral administration of quetiapine fumarate suspension and SLN formulation. The relative bioavailability of quetiapine fumarate from optimized SLN preparation was increased by 3.71 times when compared with the reference quetiapine fumarate suspension. The obtained results are indicative of SLNs as potential lipid carriers for improving the bioavailability of quetiapine fumarate by minimizing first-pass metabolism.
Exposure to Fumonisins and the Occurrence of Neural Tube Defects along the Texas–Mexico Border (2005)

Along the Texas-Mexico border, the prevalence of neural tube defects (NTDs) among Mexican-American women doubled during 1990-1991. The human outbreak began during the same crop year as epizootics attributed to exposure to fumonisin, a mycotoxin that often contaminates corn. Because Mexican Americans in Texas consume large quantities of corn, primarily in the form of tortillas, they may be exposed to high levels of fumonisins. We examined whether or not maternal exposure to fumonisins increases the risk of NTDs in offspring using a population-based case-control study. We estimated fumonisin exposure from a postpartum sphinganine:sphingosine (sa:so) ratio, a biomarker for fumonisin exposure measured in maternal serum, and from maternal recall of periconceptional corn tortilla intake. After adjusting for confounders, moderate (301-400) compared with low (< or = 100) consumption of tortillas during the first trimester was associated with increased odds ratios (ORs) of having an NTD-affected pregnancy (OR = 2.4; 95% confidence interval, 1.1-5.3). No increased risks were observed at intakes higher than 400 tortillas (OR = 0.8 for 401-800, OR = 1.0 for > 800). Based on the postpartum sa:so ratio, increasing levels of fumonisin exposure were associated with increasing ORs for NTD occurrences, except for the highest exposure category (sa:so > 0.35). Our findings suggest that fumonisin exposure increases the risk of NTD, proportionate to dose, up to a threshold level, at which point fetal death may be more likely to occur. These results also call for population studies that can more directly measure individual fumonisin intakes and assess effects on the developing embryo.
Open and Reconfigurable Hypermedia Systems: A Filter-Based Model (1993)

The need for open hypermedia systems has been well-argued by various authors. In this paper we discuss the Microcosm model for open hypermedia and show how filters have been used to extend this model both for greater efficiency and to make it totally reconfigurable. This enables users to tailor the functionality of the system to meet their own requirements, for example to select different sets of links, or to add navigation tools. The implementation of a management system for filters is described, and examples of how it has been used to extend the functionality of the model are presented, in particular the use of filters to design and implement a set of navigation tools for Microcosm. This latter case study demonstrates the power and flexibility of the filter-based model since all navigation tools for the system can be implemented as filters. The filter technology is discussed in the context of Microcosm but can be generalised to other hypermedia systems.
Therapy of migraine by modulating dopamine hypersensitivity: its effect on mood and pain. (1997)

Clinical and pharmacological evidences support the hypothesis of a hypersensitivity of dopamine (DA) receptors in migraine patients. The aim of our single-blind and placebo-controlled study is to evaluate the presence of this hypersensitivity and to desensitize the DA system with apomorphine, a classical DA receptor agonist. We studied six patients suffering from migraine without aura resistant to the prophylactic treatment and with high frequency of attacks. In these patients, we first tested individual sensitivity by a single i.m. low dose of apomorphine to assess the lowest effective dose to be administered s.c. in continuous infusion without side-effects. We used the response of growth hormone (GH) to apomorphine as a marker of DA2-receptor function. Clinical evaluation, blood pressure and heart rate were recorded before placebo or apomorphine administration and monitored every 15 min for 1 h after each injection. The treatment consisted of the continuous subcutaneous infusion of apomorphine for three weeks at the dosage previously assessed by the test. No difference in blood pressure and heart rate was found during test and treatment. The treatment was effective in reducing the frequency and the severity of migraine attacks.
Activated protein C improves lipopolysaccharide-induced cardiovascular dysfunction by decreasing tissular inflammation and oxidative stress* (2008)

These data suggest that APC improves cardiovascular function: 1) by modulating the endotoxin induced-proinflammatory/prooxidant state, 2) by decreasing endothelial/leukocyte interaction and 3) by favoring stabilization of the extracellular matrix.
Cyclic strain upregulates nitric oxide synthase in cultured bovine aortic endothelial cells. (1995)

In vivo, endothelial cells (EC) are subjected to hemodynamic forces which may influence the production of nitric oxide. This study was designed to examine the effect of cyclic strain on the expression of endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) in cultured bovine aortic EC. EC were grown on flexible membranes which were subjected to deformation at 60 cycles/min with -5 or -20 kPa of vacuum. This results in an average strain of 6 and 10%, respectively, which is transmitted to the attached cells. Northern blot analysis of total cytosolic RNA demonstrated an increase in eNOS gene expression with both strain regimens but the increase with 10% average strain was greater than that at 6%. Nuclear runoff transcription assays confirmed the induction of eNOS transcripts. Western blot analysis showed an increase in eNOS level after 24 h of cyclic 10% average strain compared with controls or 6% average strain. Immunohistochemical staining of EC for eNOS was increased in the high strain periphery (7-24% strain) of membranes deformed with -20 kPa vacuum. These results demonstrate that cyclic strain upregulates the expression of eNOS transcripts and protein levels in bovine aortic EC thus emphasizing the importance of hemodynamic forces in the regulation of eNOS in vivo.
Partial Separation of Blood Clotting Factors, Albumin,and IgG by Continuous Free Film Electrophoresis (1983)

Blood plasma and factor VIII concentrate have been fractionated by continuous free film electrophoresis in an apparatus which was designed to overcome the problems of overheating usually inherent in this technique. Results show that complete separation of plasma proteins is unlikely to be obtained by a single passage through this apparatus. However, a useful degree of fractionation may be obtained with certain proteins, for example fibrinogen and IgG. It should be possible to concentrate blood clotting factors if the electrophoresis is used in combination with a conventional separation procedure such as adsorption on aluminium hydroxide. The advantage of the electrophoretic technique is that it is a continuous process using the minimum of extraneous chemicals. The disadvantage is that it introduces a 40-fold dilution into the fractionation.
Core-free rolled actuators for Braille displays using P(VDF–TrFE–CFE) (2011)

Refreshable Braille displays require many small diameter actuators to move the pins. The electrostrictive P(VDF-TrFE-CFE) terpolymer can provide the high strain and actuation force under modest electric fields that are required for this application. In this paper, we develop core-free tubular actuators and integrate them into a 3 × 2 Braille cell. The terpolymer films are solution cast, stretched to 6 <i>μ</i>m thick, electroded, laminated into a bilayer, rolled into a 2 mm diameter tube, bonded, and provided with top and bottom contacts. Experimental testing of 17 actuators demonstrates significant strains (up to 4%) and blocking forces (1 N) at moderate electric fields (100 MV m<sup>-1</sup>). A novel Braille cell is designed and fabricated using six of these actuators.
Microwave power for smart material actuators (2003)

The concept of microwave-driven smart material actuators was envisioned and developed as the best option to alleviate the complexity and weight associated with a hard-wire-networked power and control system for smart actuator arrays. The patch rectenna array was initially designed for high current output, but has undergone further development for high voltage output devices used in shape control applications. Test results show that more than 200 V of output were obtained from a 6 × 6 array at a far-field exposure (1.8 m away) with an X-band input power of 18 W. The 6 × 6 array patch rectenna was designed to theoretically generate voltages up to 540 V, but practically it has generated voltages in the range between 200 and 300 V. Testing was also performed with a thin layer composite unimorph ferroelectric driver and sensor and electro-active paper as smart actuators attached to the 6 × 6 array. Flexible dipole rectenna arrays built on thin-film-based flexible membranes are most applicable for NASA's various missions, such as microwave-driven shape controls for aircraft morphing and large, ultra-lightweight space structures. An array of dipole rectennas was designed for high voltage output by densely populating Schottky barrier diodes to drive piezoelectric or electrostrictive actuators. The dipole rectenna array will eventually be integrated with a power allocation and distribution logic circuit and microbatteries for storage of excessive power. The roadmap for the development of wireless power drivers based on the rectenna array for shape control requires the development of new membrane materials with proper dielectric constants that are suitable for dipole rectenna arrays.
High pressure pump as lab on chip component for micro-fluidic integrated system (2011)

We developed a miniaturized pump (8 mm diameter, 1 mm thickness) which generates a flow rate of 2 μL/min at a pressure of 3 MPa. It consists of a stack of several conductive polymer (CP) layers intercalated with electrolyte layers. The stack is housed in a polycarbonate case specially conceived for integration in a lab-on-chip device. The actuator operates at a bias lower than 2V. A maximum strain of 13% is measured in the single CP layer when it expands against atmospheric pressure; this strain is reduced by only a factor of 3 when pressure increases to 15 MPa. Using the stacked actuator, a maximum strain of 5% is measured.
Multiple-symbol parallel decoding for variable length codes (2004)

In this paper, a multiple-symbol parallel variable length decoding (VLD) scheme is introduced. The scheme is capable of decoding all the codewords in an N-bit block of encoded input data stream. The proposed method partially breaks the recursive dependency related to the VLD. First, all possible codewords in the block are detected in parallel and lengths are returned. The procedure results redundant number of codeword lengths from which incorrect values are removed by recursive selection. Next, the index for each symbol corresponding the detected codeword is generated from the length determining the page and the partial codeword defining the offset in symbol table. The symbol lookup can be performed independently from symbol table. Finally, the sum of the valid codeword lengths is provided to an external shifter aligning the encoded input stream for a new decoding cycle. In order to prove feasibility and determine the limiting factors of our proposal, the variable length decoder has been implemented on an field-programmable gate-array (FPGA) technology. When applied to MPEG-2 standard benchmark scenes, on average 4.8 codewords are decoded per cycle resulting in the throughput of 106 million symbols per second.
Identifying defects in deep-submicron CMOS ICs (1996)

With safety margins for reliability, test, failure analysis, and design verification shrinking, it would be a shame to give up the I/sub DDQ/ technique-and luckily, we may not have to. Steps can be taken to maintain its applicability as we rush deeper into the submicron regime. We will first examine why the I/sub DDQ/ test serves several interests, then describe the challenge posed by 0.35-0.07 μm transistor geometries, and finally propose several solutions.
Clinical application of faecal calprotectin in ulcerative colitis patients (2015)

Our data strongly support the use of FC for staging the activity of disease, predicting relapse and leading decision-making in a UC setting.
SVDNet for Pedestrian Retrieval (2017)

This paper proposes the SVDNet for retrieval problems, with focus on the application of person re-identification (re-ID). We view each weight vector within a fully connected (FC) layer in a convolutional neuron network (CNN) as a projection basis. It is observed that the weight vectors are usually highly correlated. This problem leads to correlations among entries of the FC descriptor, and compromises the retrieval performance based on the Euclidean distance. To address the problem, this paper proposes to optimize the deep representation learning process with Singular Vector Decomposition (SVD). Specifically, with the restraint and relaxation iteration (RRI) training scheme, we are able to iteratively integrate the orthogonality constraint in CNN training, yielding the so-called SVDNet. We conduct experiments on the Market-1501, CUHK03, and Duke datasets, and show that RRI effectively reduces the correlation among the projection vectors, produces more discriminative FC descriptors, and significantly improves the re-ID accuracy. On the Market-1501 dataset, for instance, rank-1 accuracy is improved from 55.3% to 80.5% for CaffeNet, and from 73.8% to 82.3% for ResNet-50.
Dual-wavelength InGaAs-GaAs ridge waveguide distributed Bragg reflector lasers with tunable mode separation (2000)

The design and operation of integrated dual-wavelength sources are reported. These InGaAs-GaAs ridge waveguide (RW) distributed Bragg reflector (DBR) lasers consist of a common gain section and two, separate DBR sections. Multiple current injection is not necessary for these lasers to operate in dual-wavelength. Dual-wavelength operation is easily achieved by simply biasing the gain section. A relatively low coupling coefficient /spl kappa/ in the front grating reduces the added cavity loss for the back grating mode. Therefore, the back grating mode reaches threshold easily. Also, the addition of a spacing section lowers the current induced thermal interaction between the two uniform grating sections, significantly reducing the inadvertent wavelength drift. As a result, biasing the front DBR section results in tunable mode pair separations (/spl Delta//spl lambda/) as small as 0.3 nm and as large as 6.9 nm.
Millimeter-wave Broadband Amplifier using MHEMT (2008)

In this paper, millimeter-wave broadband cascode amplifiers were designed and fabricated. The 0.1 μm InGaAs/InAlAs/GaAs MHEMT (Metamorphic High Electron Mobility Transistor) was fabricated for the cascode amplifier. The DC characteristics of MHEMT are 670 mA/mm of drain current density, 688 mS/mm of maximum transconductance. The current gain cut-off frequency (f <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">T</sub> ) is 139 GHz and the maximum oscillation frequency (f <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">max</sub> ) is 266 GHz. To prevent oscillation of the designed cascode amplifiers, a parallel resistor and capacitor were connected to the drain of common gate device. By using the CPW (coplanar wave guide) transmission line, the cascode amplifier was designed and matched for the broadband characteristics. The designed amplifier was fabricated by the standard MHEMT MMIC (millimeter-wave monolithic IC) process that was developed through this research. As the results of measurement, the amplifier was obtained 3 dB bandwidth of 50.37 GHz from 20.76 to 71.13 GHz. Also, the amplifier represents the S <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">21</sub> gain with the average 7.07 dB in bandwidth and the maximum gain of 10.3 dB at 30 GHz.
Bond Duration: A Pedagogic Illustration (2023)

<p> In view of the importance of reliable duration measures for bond immunization strategies, this paper considers, from a pedagogic perspective, the duration concept. Both a basic bond model and a more realistic bond model, which accounts for the accrued interest, are considered. The use of graphical features and scroll bars in Microsoft Excel<sup> TM</sup> allows the duration concept to be delivered via an interactive approach. This paper also addresses an unresolved issue on bond duration. Specically, it explains why a saw-toothed time pattern of traditionally-defined duration exists and provides a corrective measure, which is easy to implement on Excel. Analytical materials pertaining to bond duration, as well as illustrative examples based on actual bond quotation data, are provided. </p>
Microstructure Design of Nanoporous TiO<sub>2</sub>Photoelectrodes for Dye-Sensitized Solar Cell Modules (2006)

The optimization of dye-sensitized solar cells, especially the design of nanoporous TiO2 film microstructure, is an urgent problem for high efficiency and future commercial applications. However, up to now, little attention has been focused on the design of nanoporous TiO2 microstructure for a high efficiency of dye-sensitized solar cell modules. The optimization and design of TiO2 photoelectrode microstructure are discussed in this paper. TiO2 photoelectrodes with three different layers, including layers of small pore size films, larger pore size films, and light-scattering particles on the conducting glass with the desirable thickness, were designed and investigated. Moreover, the photovoltaic properties showed that the different porosities, pore size distribution, and BET surface area of each layer have a dramatic influence on short-circuit current, open-circuit voltage, and fill factor of the modules. The optimization and design of TiO2 photoelectrode microstructure contribute a high efficiency of DSC modules. The photoelectric conversion efficiency around 6% with 15 x 20 cm2 modules under illumination of simulated AM1.5 sunlight (100 mW/cm2) and 40 x 60 cm2 panels with the same performance tested outdoor have been achieved by our group.
EGFR endocytosis requires its kinase activity and N-terminal transmembrane dimerization motif (2013)

EGFR signaling is attenuated by endocytosis and degradation of receptor-ligand complexes in lysosomes. Endocytosis of EGFR is known to be regulated by multiple post-translational modifications. The observation that prevention of these modifications does not block endocytosis completely, suggests the involvement of other mechanism(s). Recently, receptor clustering has been suggested to induce internalization of multiple types of membrane receptors. However, the mechanism of clustering-induced internalization remains unknown. We have used biparatopic antibody fragments from llama (VHHs) to induce EGFR clustering without stimulating tyrosine kinase activity. Using this approach, we have found an essential role for the N-terminal GG4-like dimerization motif in the transmembrane domain (TMD) for clustering-induced internalization. Moreover, conventional EGF-induced receptor internalization depends exclusively on this TMD dimerization and kinase activity. Mutations in this dimerization motif eventually lead to reduced EGFR degradation and sustained signaling. We propose a novel role for the TMD dimerization motif in the negative-feedback control of EGFR. The widely conserved nature of GG4-like dimerization motifs in transmembrane proteins suggests a general role for these motifs in clustering-induced internalization.
Mutations Affecting the α Subunit of <i>Bordetella pertussis</i> RNA Polymerase Suppress Growth Inhibition Conferred by Short C-Terminal Deletions of the Response Regulator BvgA (1998)

The effects of short deletions of the C terminus of the BvgA response regulator protein of the BvgAS two-component system were examined in Bordetella pertussis. When present as a single copy in the chromosome, deletions removing as few as two amino acids conferred a completely Bvg- phenotype. When provided in trans, on the broad-host-range plasmid pRK290, under the control of the native bvgAS promoter, deletions of two or three amino acids conferred a profound growth inhibition which was dependent on the integrity and activity of the wild-type chromosomal bvgAS locus. It is proposed that this phenotype was the result of an inappropriate interaction of the mutant BvgA protein with the RNA polymerase enzyme, specifically the alpha subunit. Mutant strains in which this growth inhibition was relieved were isolated and characterized. Although most of the suppressor mutations affected either the mutant plasmid copy or the wild-type chromosomal bvg locus, three mutations which affected the alpha subunit of B. pertussis RNA polymerase were also isolated. Two of these resulted in increased levels of the alpha subunit, and one caused a substitution of glycine for the aspartic acid residue at position 171, in the N-terminal domain. All three mutations also resulted in a differential phenotype in that expression of fha was essentially normal, but expression of ptx was greatly reduced.
Five-drug combination chemotherapy (FAPEL) for advanced gastric cancer: a pilot study. (1994)

To test if the incorporation of 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) and leucovorin in a modified etoposide, doxorubicin, cisplatin (EAP) regimen could diminish its toxicity and improve its efficacy, 18 patients with far-advanced, unresectable gastric cancer, diagnosed at National Taiwan University Hospital between January 1991 and December 1992, were treated with a FAPEL combination chemotherapy. The regimen consisted of doxorubicin 25 mg/m2 i.v. on day 1, cisplatin 60 mg/m2 i.v. infusion on day 1, etoposide 60 mg/m2/day i.v. infusion on days 1-3, 5-fluorouracil 500 mg/m2/day i.v. on days 1-3, and leucovorin 50 mg/day i.v. on days 1-3; repeated every three to four weeks. The patients included nine metastatic, six locally advanced and inoperable, and three post-gastrectomy recurrent cancer patients with median Karnofsky performance status of 60%. There were 11 men and seven women with a median age of 52.5 years. The patients tolerated the treatment toxicity relatively well and received an average of 4.3 courses of chemotherapy. Most patients completed the protocol therapy except one who refused and another who died of leucopenic sepsis. Myelosuppression was the limiting toxicity, with Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group (ECOG) grade 3-4 leucopenia developing in 35.9% and grade 3-4 thrombocytopenia developing in 11.5% of a total of 78 courses given. The overall objective response rate was 44.4% with 5.5% complete responses and 38.9% partial responses. The overall median survival was seven months (0.5-21 months). The median survival of responders and non-responders was 13 months (5-21 months) and three months (0.5-7 months), respectively.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)