gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Trends in the Treatment of Dupuytren Disease in the United States Between 2007 and 2014 (2016)

<b>Background:</b> Dupuytren disease is a common fibroproliferative disorder. Multiple procedural treatment options are available, with Collagenase Clostridium Histolyticum (CCH) injection being introduced in 2010. The purpose of this study was to investigate trends in the treatment of Dupuytren disease in the United States between 2007 and 2014. <b>Methods:</b> The PearlDiver Humana database was queried using International Classification of Diseases, Ninth Revision (ICD-9) and Current Procedural Terminology (CPT) codes for patients with Dupuytren disease that received percutaneous needle aponeurotomy (PNA), fasciotomy, fasciectomy, and CCH injection. Patients were filtered by age, number of comorbidities, and gender. Change in composition of treatments over time was analyzed for each demographic group between 2007 and 2014. <b>Results:</b> Patients presenting to clinic for Dupuytren disease increased from 1118 to 3280, with unchanging treatment percentage of 41. Percent fasciotomies and fasciectomies decreased from 5% to 3% and 33% to 21%, while CCH injection increased to 11% by 2012 to 2014. Percent fasciotomies decreased (<i>P</i> < .05) in younger healthier (age <65, 0-1 comorbidities) and older less healthy (age 65-74, 4+ comorbidities) populations. Percent fasciectomies decreased significantly in nearly all age and comorbidity groups, but by greater amounts in patients with 2+ comorbidities with increasing age. Percent CCH injections increased in all groups, at rates similar to the losses seen in open procedures. <b>Conclusions:</b> CCH injections have risen to substantial levels, with corresponding decreases in the percentage of patients receiving fasciotomies and fasciectomies. Patient age, comorbidities, and gender appear to have influence on the treatment chosen, likely due to their effects on surgical risk and the importance of timely return to activity.
Manufacture of Hybrid Natural/Synthetic Fiber Woven Textiles for Use in Technical Biocomposites with Maximum Biobased Content (2019)

This feasibility study investigates the flexural properties of biocomposites containing woven flax textiles (plain, twill, satin) and woven twill patterned hybrid textiles containing flax-/glass or flax-/carbon mixture for lightweight applications. Synthetic fibers are integrated as weft and flax fibers are integrated as warp yarns using a double-rapier weaving machine with a Jacquard attachment. The corresponding biocomposites are manufactured via vacuum infusion process using a biobased epoxy resin as a matrix. The manufactured biocomposites are analyzed with regard to their density and flexural properties. The results show that the use of hybrid textiles offers a promising solution for the manufacture of biocomposites with a higher biobased content and significantly improved flexural properties. Furthermore, the introduction of high-performance synthetic fibers in textiles enables the manufacture of biocomposites with an isotropic mechanical performance.
The expanding role of oxygen free radicals in clinical medicine. (1986)

In 1969 McCord and Fridovich discovered superoxide dismutase, which converts the oxygen free radical O(2) (-) to hydrogen peroxide H(2)O(2). In the presence of excess O(2) (-), H(2)O(2) may then undergo further reduction to the highly toxic hydroxyl radical, OH(*). Since the description of this enzymatic process, there has been explosive growth in related biochemical research, which has now percolated through to clinical investigation. The hypoxanthine-xanthine oxidase system originally used as a radical production model has a close counterpart in the ischemia-reperfusion phenomenon purported to cause diseases of heart, brain and gastrointestinal tract, and free radicals are now known to have a critical role in postphagocytic bacterial killing. Prototypic deficiency diseases such as chronic granulomatous disease are now recognized. Some evidence indicates that excess states such as perhaps Batten's disease also occur, and environmental influences such as selenium and vitamin E deficiency may augment free radical levels. Many disorders including microvasculopathies, noncardiogenic pulmonary edema, glomerulopathies and radiation damage may owe part of their proximate pathogenesis to free radicals. Control of tissue free radical levels is now pharmacologically feasible and perhaps justified for specific diseases.
Design of a High-Altitude Long-Endurance Solar-Powered Unmanned Air Vehicle for Multi-Payload and Operations (2007)

Several researches are being carried out at the Politecnico di Torino with the aim of designing a high altitude very-long endurance/unmanned air vehicle (HAVE/UAV). Being able to fly in the stratosphere (15-20 km) and with an endurance of about 4 months offers an advantage and possibility that is presently not available with conventional aircraft or satellites. A computer program has been developed to design the platform. The change in solar radiation over a period of a year, the altitude, masses, and efficiencies of the solar and fuel cells, as well as the aerodynamic, structural, flight mechanics, and aeroelastic performances have all been taken into account. Extensive use has been made of high modulus graphite/epoxy when designing the structure in order to minimize the airframe weight, but also to guarantee the required stiffness and aeroelastic performance. A blended wing body (BWB) configuration has been selected for solar HAVE aircraft multi payload and operation (SHAMPO) with eight brushless electric motors, as the result of a preliminary design. The BWB solution has been designed according to the conventional procedures and airworthiness regulations. It seems to be the best compromise between performance, available surfaces for solar cells and volume for multi-payload purposes, compared to conventional design. Several profiles and wing plans have been analysed and optimized to achieve the best efficiency using the Xfoil and Vsaero computational fluid dynamics (CFD) software. A finiteelement method and a classical theoretical analysis was carried out using the Msc/Patran/Nastran code to predict the static and aeroelastic behaviour of the SHAMPO. Aeroelastic analysis has been performed starting with a classical linear flutter analysis and considering an undeformed equilibrium condition. Classical linear flutter speed show as the airworthiness requirements has been achieved in the case of SHAMPO configuration. A preliminary non-linear aeroelastic model is introduced in the design process in order to deal with specific phenomena correlated with high static structural deflections occurring during standard flight conditions. Important flutter speed reduction (i.e. up to 42 per cent in special cases) are possible including such kind of phenomena.
Synthesis of 6‐methoxy‐2,2‐dimethyl‐2<i>H</i>‐1‐benzothiopyran and 6,7‐dimethoxy‐2,2‐dimethyl‐2<i>H</i>‐1‐benzothiopyran, sulfur analogues of precocene I and precocene II (1983)

Abstract Preparation of title compounds 5 , sulfur analogues of the natural insect antijuvenile hormones precocene I and II, is described. The synthetic pathway involves conversion of the appropriate thiophenol 2 into the corresponding thiochroman‐4‐one 4 followed by reduction and dehydration. The 13 C nmr data for all the above products are also reported.
Neural Network-Based Real-Time Malfunction Diagnosis of Reactive Ion Etching Using In Situ Metrology Data (2004)

To mitigate capital equipment investments and enhance product quality, semiconductor manufactures are turning to advanced process control (APC) methods. With the objective of facilitating APC, this paper investigates a methodology for real-time malfunction diagnosis of reactive ion etching (RIE) employing two types of in situ metrology: optical emission spectroscopy (OES) and residual gas analysis (RGA). Based on metrology data, time series neural networks (TSNNs) are trained to generate evidential belief for potential malfunctions in real time, and Dempster-Shafer (D-S) theory is adopted for evidential reasoning. Successful malfunction diagnosis is achieved, with only a single missed alarm and a single false alarm occurring out of 21 test runs when both sensors are used in tandem. From the results, we conclude that the OES and RGA sensors, in conjunction with the TSNN models, can be effectively used for RIE monitoring and diagnosis. Furthermore, D-S theory is shown to be an appropriate inference methodology.
Innovative forest products in the circular bioeconomy (2022)

<ns4:p> <ns4:bold>Background:</ns4:bold> The forest-based industry has been moving towards the manufacture of bio-based products in response to the increasing concern by consumers and governments regarding the use of non-renewable materials and the generation of residues. Various innovative technologies geared towards reducing the environmental footprint of products and processes are currently being developed and applied in the forest-based industry. This study presents some innovative wood-based products that are about to enter the market or that are already being commercialized but have the potential to expand in market size. </ns4:p> <ns4:p> <ns4:bold>Methods:</ns4:bold> We collected data from interviews and a survey with organisations working with product development and manufacturing, and from the literature. </ns4:p> <ns4:p> <ns4:bold>Results:</ns4:bold> Many innovative products that are already produced at an industrial scale, such as cross-laminated timber, wood-based composites, and lyocell, can still increase their market share in the coming years. Some of the up-and-coming products with high potential to substitute fossil-based materials and will likely enter the market in the near future are wood foam, lignin-based adhesives, glycols, bioplastics, and textile fibres. Our study indicates that, although biomass demand is expected to increase, stakeholders do not consider future supply a limiting factor. </ns4:p> <ns4:p> <ns4:bold>Conclusions:</ns4:bold> The ease of market introduction of innovative products relies heavily on the products’ ability to take advantage of existing value chains. Overall, many of the reviewed products have the advantage of being ‘drop-in’. This is because products that require adjustments to production lines are less likely to get into the market without strong external drivers that push for bio-based alternatives. According to stakeholders, the economic viability and the market expansion of these products could be encouraged to a certain extent by EU policies, and certain barriers could be alleviated by reducing bureaucracy, increasing the support for pilot-scale to full-scale production, and increasing subsidies for bio-based alternatives. </ns4:p>
Targeting of XJB-5-131 to Mitochondria Suppresses Oxidative DNA Damage and Motor Decline in a Mouse Model of Huntington’s Disease (2012)

Oxidative damage and mitochondrial dysfunction are implicated in aging and age-related neurodegenerative diseases, including Huntington's disease (HD). Many naturally occurring antioxidants have been tested for their ability to correct for deleterious effects of reactive oxygen species, but often they lack specificity, are tissue variable, and have marginal efficacy in human clinical trials. To increase specificity and efficacy, we have designed a synthetic antioxidant, XJB-5-131, to target mitochondria. We demonstrate in a mouse model of HD that XJB-5-131 has remarkably beneficial effects. XJB-5-131 reduces oxidative damage to mitochondrial DNA, maintains mitochondrial DNA copy number, suppresses motor decline and weight loss, enhances neuronal survival, and improves mitochondrial function. The findings poise XJB-5-131 as a promising therapeutic compound.
Poliovirus-specific CD4+ Th1 clones with both cytotoxic and helper activity mediate protective humoral immunity against a lethal poliovirus infection in transgenic mice expressing the human poliovirus receptor. (1995)

The current understanding of the function of CD4+ T helper (Th) cells in immunity to infectious diseases is that Th1 cells, which secrete interleukin (IL)-2 and interferon-gamma, induce cellular immune responses, whereas Th2 cells, which secrete IL-4, IL-5, IL-6, and IL-10, provide helper function for humoral immunity. We have used a panel of poliovirus-specific murine CD4+ T cell clones and mice transgenic for the human poliovirus receptor to evaluate the role of Th cell subpopulations in protective immunity to poliovirus. The majority of T cell clones, as well as polyclonal T cells generated from mice infected or immunized with poliovirus, secreted IL-2 and interferon-gamma, but not IL-4, IL-5, or IL-10, a profile typical of Th1 cells. The Th1 clones displayed major histocompatibility complex class II-restricted cytotoxic T lymphocyte activity against specific poliovirus peptide-pulsed target cells, but also provided help for antipoliovirus neutralizing antibody production. To examine the mechanism of immunity in vivo, we have used poliovirus receptor-transgenic mice on a BALB/c (H-2d) background. These animals developed a poliomyelitis-like disease when challenged intravenously with a virulent wild-type strain of poliovirus, but not with an attenuated vaccine strain. Furthermore, mice immunized with the vaccine strain were protected against a subsequent challenge with wild-type virus. Using an adoptive transfer technique, we demonstrated that it was possible to confer protection with primed B cells in the presence of polyclonal poliovirus-specific T cells, but not when transgenic mice received either B cells or T cells alone. Furthermore, protection was observed when mice received primed B cells in the presence of a VP4-specific Th1 clone. The findings demonstrate that Th1 cells can mediate a protective immune response against poliovirus infection in vivo through helper activity for humoral immunity and that CD4+ T cells, specific for the internal poliovirus capsid protein, VP4, can provide effective help for a protective antibody response directed against surface capsid proteins.
Validating the Performance of Haptic Motor Skill Training (2008)

The effect of haptic interfaces on motor skill training has been widely studied. However, relatively little is known about whether haptic training can promote long-term motor skill acquisition. In this paper, we report two experimental studies that investigated the effectiveness of visuohaptic (visual + haptic) interfaces in helping people develop short-term and long-term motor skills. Our first study compared training outcomes of visuohaptic training, visual training, and no-assistance training. We found that the training outcomes for the tested methods were similar when helping participants develop short-term motor skills. Our second experiment assessed the potential of visual training and visuohaptic training in promoting the development of long-term motor skills. Participants were trained during a four-day-long period. The results showed that the participants gained long-term skills through both training methods, and that the training outcomes for both methods were similar. The results also showed that visuohaptic training is a promising method, but that it needs to be further developed to be useful.
A Low-Power, High-Speed Readout for Pixel Detectors Based on an Arbitration Tree (2019)

In this article, a low-power, high-speed arbitration tree for pixel detector readout is presented. The synchronized, binary tree priority encoder establishes a position-dependent priority list at the start of every time frame. Pixels that indicate the presence of data for readout are sequentially granted access to a shared bus for data transfer to the periphery, without the use of an additional global strobe signal. It can be used for either full frame imaging or zero-suppressed readout, in which case it can simultaneously generate the pixel address. To increase the readout frame rate, the pixel array is subdivided into two halves, which allow interleaved latching of data at the output serializer. The design was implemented in a 65-nm LP-CMOS process for the readout of a 64×64 pixel array. Measurement results demonstrate a deadtimeless, full frame imaging rate of ~50 kfps, achieved with a dedicated output for every (32×32) 1024 pixels and for a pixel data packet of 11 bits, with no bit errors detected over 1000 frames. The measured energy per bit is 0.94 pJ.
Fermentation of pectin and glucose, and activity of pectin-degrading enzymes in the rabbit caecal bacterium Bifidobacterium pseudolongum (2002)

Information on polysaccharide metabolism in bifidobacteria is fragmentary. This study extends the knowledge on pectin metabolism in intestinal bacteria.
Prolonged pulmonary hypertension caused by platelet-activating factor and leukotriene C4 in the rat lung (1992)

Platelet-activating factor (PAF) and leukotrienes (LTs) are potent pulmonary hypertensive and inflammatory mediators produced by the lung. Previously we showed that a rapid injection of PAF into the pulmonary artery of an isolated rat lung produced an extended elevation in mean pulmonary arterial pressure (PAP). The objective of the present study was to determine whether the extended pressor response induced by PAF was caused by prolonged activation of the 5-lipoxygenase pathway or slow clearance of LTs from the lung parenchyma. Rat lungs were perfused with a nonrecirculating physiological salt solution that contained indomethacin and albumin. Five minutes after a rapid injection of PAF into the pulmonary artery catheter, the following elevations (mean % above baseline) were observed: PAP (83%), LTB4 (3,260%), LTC4 (1,490%), LTD4 (970%), and LTE4 (1,500%). At 20 min these levels declined but were still significantly elevated above baseline. The 5-lipoxygenase inhibitor diethylcarbamazine (DEC), administered before the PAF injection, inhibited the elevations of PAP and all LTs. DEC administration that began 5 min after PAF reduced PAP and only LTC4 levels at 20 min in comparison to lungs with no DEC. The 5-lipoxygenase-activating protein inhibitor MK886, administered orally 2-6 h before perfusion, also inhibited the pressor response to PAF as well as LT production, as did DEC. We conclude that 1) the extended pulmonary hypertension induced by PAF was caused mainly by prolonged activation of 5-lipoxygenase with LTC4 production, 2) the relative overall lung clearance of LTB4, LTD4, and LTE4 was slower than that of LTC4, and 3) LTB4, LTD4, and LTE4 had no appreciable pressor effect.
Introduction (2007)

International capital mobility is today a concern that breeds broader social uncertainty because of unprecedented degrees of financial socialisation. Financial markets now attract a greater volume of savings than at any previous time in their history. Existing living standards are therefore increasingly dependent upon the market environment continuing to function in the manner prescribed by economics textbooks, as are future consumption possibilities and access to welfare. Given this, Adam Harmes (2001) has pointed to the birth of a ‘mass investment culture’. The result of such developments is that the significance of collapses in the pricing structure of financial markets now penetrates ever more deeply into society. The failure to protect society from the consequences of financial crisis puts savings in danger and threatens the expectation that every generation will experience a higher degree of material comfort than its predecessor.
Comparative Analysis of Linear and Nonlinear Projection Techniques for the Best Visualization of Facial Expression Data (2009)

본 논문은 고차원 얼굴 모션 캡처 데이터를 선형 및 비선형 투영 기법에 각각 적용하고, 이를 2차원 평면으로 투영하기 위한 최적의 방법론에 대한 것이다. 본 방법의 핵심 요소는 프레임 단위의 고차원 얼굴 표정 데이터를 선형 투영 기법인 PCA와 비선형 투영 기법인 Isomap, MDS, CCA, Sammon's Mapping, LLE 등에 적용하고 이를 저차원 공간에 분포시키는 방법론 및 그 결과를 비교 분석하는 것이다. 이를 위해서는 먼저 기존의 고차원 얼굴 표정 프레임 데이터들 사이의 거리를 구하고, 선형 및 비선형 투영 기법들을 적용한 상태에서 기존의 데이터들 사이의 거리 관계를 유지하면서 저차원인 2차원 평면 공간에 분포시키는 것이다. 그리고 2차원 공간에 분포된 얼굴 표정 데이터가 원형 데이터와 비교 했을 때, 최적의 상태로 프레임 데이터들 사이의 거리 관계를 유지하고 있는 투영 기법을 찾는다. 결국 본 논문에서는 고차원 얼굴 표정 데이터를 저차원 공간에 투영하기 위한 선형 및 비선형 투영 기법들을 비교 분석하고, 각각에서 최적의 투영 기법을 찾아낸다. This paper describes comparison and analysis of methodology which enables us in order to search the projection technique of optimum for projection in the plane. For this methodology, we applies the high-dimensional facial motion capture data respectively in linear and nonlinear projection techniques. The one core element of the methodology is to applies the high-dimensional facial expression data of frame unit in PCA where is a linear projection technique and Isomap, MDS, CCA, Sammon's Mapping and LLE where are a nonlinear projection techniques. And another is to find out the methodology which distributes in this low-dimensional space, and analyze the result last. For this goal, we calculate the distance between the high-dimensional facial expression frame data of existing. And we distribute it in two-dimensional plane space to maintain the distance relationship between the high-dimensional facial expression frame data of existing like that from the condition which applies linear and nonlinear projection techniques. When comparing the facial expression data which distribute in two-dimensional space and the data of existing, we find out the projection technique to maintain the relationship of distance between the frame data like that in condition of optimum. Finally, this paper compare linear and nonlinear projection techniques to projection high-dimensional facial expression data in low-dimensional space and analyze it. And we find out the projection technique of optimum from it.
Reactions of glycerol with poly(ethylene ether carbonate) polyols (1992)

Abstract Poly(ethylene ether carbonate) polyols can be modified by chemical reactions with polyglycol modifiers under conditions of elevated temperatures and reduced pressures. The modifier becomes chemically incorporated into the modified polyol and is used to control properties such as moisture sensitivity, CO 2 content, T g , density, etc. in the resultant polyol. However, glycerol cannot be used as a modifier for poly(ethylene ether carbonate) polyols under the same conditions since it reacts with poly(ethylene ether carbonate) polyols by a transesterification reaction sequence to form glyceryl carbonate. As the temperature is increased, the glyceryl carbonate decomposes to yield glycidol and carbon dioxide. These reactions are conveniently followed by 13 C‐NMR. The preparation of glyceryl carbonate by this process has not been previously reported.
Growth inhibition of Botrytis cinerea by compounds interfering with polyamine metabolism (1990)

Several inhibitors of ornithine and arginine decarboxylases reduced growth of the fungus Botrytis cinerea cultured on Czapek Dox agar. Of these, the most effective were difluoromethylornithine (DFMO), dehydromonofluoro-methylornithine, difluoromethylarginine and dehydromonofluoromethylarginine. The growth inhibition due to 1 mm-DFMO could be partially reversed with 1 μm-putrescine. Other compounds causing significant reversal of DFMO-mediated growth inhibition included diaminopentane (cadaverine), diaminoheptane, spermidine, 7,7-difluorospermidine, spermine, bis(2-aminoethyl)amine, 2-hydroxy-1,3-diaminopropane, monoacetylputrescine, butenediamine and aminoguanidine. Some compounds, which were relatively innocuous by themselves, increased growth inhibition due to DFMO. Notably effective compounds were methylacetylenicputrescine, aminooxyaminopropane, butynediamine, 2,2-difluoroputrescine, diacetylputrescine, methylglyoxal bis(guanylhydrazone), streptomycin, certain methylated amines, and cyclohexylamine and related compounds. Growth inhibition due to a homologous series of diguanidines [NH2C(=NH)NH(CH2) x NHC(=NH)NH2] was also tested. These were especially effective when x = 12, and when x = 5 or 6. In general, the results suggest that amino-acid-based inhibitors of ornithine decarboxylase have a greater permeability than amine-based inhibitors.