gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Approximate Placement of Service-Based Applications in Hybrid Clouds (2012)

Enterprises are more and more using hybrid cloud environments for the deployment and execution of their applications. A hybrid cloud consists in private clouds that provides and manages some resources of an enterprise that uses others resources provided externally by the public cloud when needed. When the physical limit of the private cloud is almost reached, the deployment of new applications consists in choosing a placement of some components in the private cloud and some others in the public cloud. We propose, in this paper, a new algorithm that approximates the optimal placement based on communication and hosting costs induced by the deployment of components in the public cloud.
Design and analysis of apposition compound eye optical sensors (1995)

Methods are presented for designing and estimating the performance of artificial apposition compound eye optical sensors. Apposition compound eyes have been investigated for a wide range of applications from robotics to smart weapons. While artificial apposition compound eyes have been constructed and demonstrated, optical design issues and performance prediction for these systems have never been adequately addressed in the literature. Apposition compound eyes are a useful paradigm for applications where wide field of view is critical but high spatial resolution is not required. Natural arthropod compound eyes and their biological models are first scrutinized to give insight into designing and modeling artificial apposition compound eye optical sensors. Such sensors are shown to have comparable sensitivity to traditional single-aperture sensors for extended sources. A method for enhancing resolution over the extended-source case is demonstrated for single point sources. For the first time, the frequency response of an artificial apposition compound eye is addressed while taking into account the differences between artificial and natural ommatidia. Both a numercal integration technique for determining the contrast transfer function and a Fourier-transform modulation-transfer-function method are presented and validated with experimental results.
How Do Symbols and Networks Fit Together (1993)

The Workshop on Integrating Neural and Symbolic Processes (the Cognitive Dimension), sponsored by the Association for the Advancement of Artificial Intelligence, was held on 16 July 1992 at the San Jose Convention Center, San Jose, California. The workshop addressed the cognitive aspects of integrating neural and symbolic processes through the comparison, the categorization, and the examination of existing and new approaches. The workshop attracted a large audience from both academia and industry. The presentation of 16 papers, 3 invited talks, and a summary panel, as well as open discussions, helped to shed much new light on technical issues and future directions in this area.
Representation-related errors in binary digital holograms: a unified analysis (1981)

Images reconstructed from binary digital holograms are degraded by errors due to the binary representation of the complex-valued object spectrum and by errors due to computational and plotter limitations. In this paper, representation-related errors are analyzed in terms of false images that appear in the desired reconstruction order and in adjacent diffraction orders. It is shown that the false images are strongly dependent on the manner in which the object spectrum is sampled and on the mapping from spectral sample to binary transmittance. Three categories of digital holograms are distinguished: those that sample the object spectrum at the center of each hologram cell; those that sample at the center of each aperture; and those that sample at each resolvable spot. In going from the first to the third category, the reconstruction is successively less degraded by false images. For the third category, there are no false images in the desired reconstruction order and only one false image in each adjacent order. The two methods in this category differ only in the suppression of these false images.
An enzyme with a double identity: purple acid phosphatase and tartrate‐resistant acid phosphatase (1990)

The tartrate-resistant acid phosphatases or purple acid phosphatases constitute a class of related mammalian enzymes. Spectroscopic and magnetic studies have revealed that the purple phosphatases contain a novel dinuclear iron active site that is responsible for the purple color. More biologically and biomedically oriented research has shown that the tartrate-resistant acid phosphatases generally occur in osteoclasts and white blood cells, where they appear to be localized in lysosomes or similar organelles. Despite the different names given the enzymes by researchers in the two fields, recent sequence determinations and immunological studies indicate that the enzymes are identical. The status of research in both fields is reviewed in an attempt to present a unified picture of the structure, function, and mode of action of these unique metalloproteins.
Perception of stereoscopic direct gaze: The effects of interaxial distance and emotional facial expressions (2016)

Gaze perception has received considerable research attention due to its importance in social interaction. The majority of recent studies have utilized monoscopic pictorial gaze stimuli. However, a monoscopic direct gaze differs from a live or stereoscopic gaze. In the monoscopic condition, both eyes of the observer receive a direct gaze, whereas in live and stereoscopic conditions, only one eye receives a direct gaze. In the present study, we examined the implications of the difference between monoscopic and stereoscopic direct gaze. Moreover, because research has shown that stereoscopy affects the emotions elicited by facial expressions, and facial expressions affect the range of directions where an observer perceives mutual gaze-the cone of gaze-we studied the interaction effect of stereoscopy and facial expressions on gaze perception. Forty observers viewed stereoscopic images wherein one eye of the observer received a direct gaze while the other eye received a horizontally averted gaze at five different angles corresponding to five interaxial distances between the cameras in stimulus acquisition. In addition to monoscopic and stereoscopic conditions, the stimuli included neutral, angry, and happy facial expressions. The observers judged the gaze direction and mutual gaze of four lookers. Our results show that the mean of the directions received by the left and right eyes approximated the perceived gaze direction in the stereoscopic semidirect gaze condition. The probability of perceiving mutual gaze in the stereoscopic condition was substantially lower compared with monoscopic direct gaze. Furthermore, stereoscopic semidirect gaze significantly widened the cone of gaze for happy facial expressions.
Preparation of Poly(<i>N</i>-isopropylacrylamide)-Monolayer-Protected Gold Clusters:  Synthesis Methods, Core Size, and Thickness of Monolayer (2003)

The preparation of poly(N-isopropylacrylamide)-monolayer-protected clusters (PNIPAM-MPC) of gold nanoparticles was carried out in a homogeneous phase using three methods, in which three types of PNIPAM ligands were employed. The first type was comprised of PNIPAMs with narrow molar mass distributions, synthesized by reversible addition−fragmentation chain transfer (RAFT) polymerization and thus bearing a dithiobenzoate at the chain end. These polymers were used directly to passivate the gold nanoparticles upon the Schiffrin reaction in a one-pot synthesis. The second type of ligand was derived from the first one through hydrazinolysis, and they therefore contained a thiol end group. The third type of ligand was PNIPAMs obtained through conventional radical polymerization, postmodified to contain thiol end groups. The PNIPAM-MPCs were characterized by high-resolution transmission electron microscopy, UV−vis spectroscopy, and dynamic light scattering. The one-pot synthesis utilizing the ligands of the first type turned out to be a simple and facile method compared with the other two ways, with which the size of the gold nanoparticles can be easily manipulated mainly by adjusting the molar ratios of PNIPAM/HAuCl4. PNIPAM is a more efficient ligand to stabilize the gold nanoparticles in water and in organic solvents than alkanethiols. The surface density of PNIPAM chains ranged from 1.8 to 2.5 chain/nm2, which is much lower than that typical for alkanethiols. The thickness of a PNIPAM monolayer bound to the gold core is somewhat larger than the size of the random coil of the corresponding free PNIPAM in aqueous solution, which suggests that the conformation of a PNIPAM chain bound to the gold core is extended.
The circulating SARS-CoV-2 spike variant N439K maintains fitness while evading antibody-mediated immunity (2020)

SARS-CoV-2 can mutate to evade immunity, with consequences for the efficacy of emerging vaccines and antibody therapeutics. Herein we demonstrate that the immunodominant SARS-CoV-2 spike (S) receptor binding motif (RBM) is the most divergent region of S, and provide epidemiological, clinical, and molecular characterization of a prevalent RBM variant, N439K. We demonstrate that N439K S protein has enhanced binding affinity to the hACE2 receptor, and that N439K virus has similar clinical outcomes and in vitro replication fitness as compared to wild- type. We observed that the N439K mutation resulted in immune escape from a panel of neutralizing monoclonal antibodies, including one in clinical trials, as well as from polyclonal sera from a sizeable fraction of persons recovered from infection. Immune evasion mutations that maintain virulence and fitness such as N439K can emerge within SARS-CoV-2 S, highlighting the need for ongoing molecular surveillance to guide development and usage of vaccines and therapeutics.
Humanin antagonists: mutants that interfere with dimerization inhibit neuroprotection by Humanin (2004)

The 24-residue peptide Humanin (HN) protects neuronal cells from insults of various Alzheimer's disease (AD) genes and Abeta by forming a homodimer. We have previously shown that P3A, S7A, C8A, L9A, L12A, T13A, S14A and P19A mutations nullify the neuroprotective function of HN [Yamagishi, Y., Hashimoto, Y., Niikura, T. & Nishimoto, I. (2003) Peptides, 24, 585-595]. Here we examined whether any of these 'null' mutants could function as dominant-negative mutants. Homodimerization-defective mutants, P3A-, L12A-, S14A- and P19A-HN, specifically blocked neuroprotection by HN, but not by activity-dependent neurotrophic factor. Furthermore, insertion of S7A, the mutation that blocks the homodimerization of HN, but not insertion of G5A abolished the antagonizing function of L12A-HN. While L12A-HN and G5A/L12A-HN actually inhibited HN homodimerization, S7A/L12A-HN had no effect. These data indicate that P3A-, L12A-, S14A- and P19A-HN function as HN antagonists by forming an inactive dimer with HN. This study provides a novel insight into the understanding of the in vivo function of HN, as well as into the development of clinically applicable HN neutralizers.
Hepatocellular carcinoma: combined hepatic, arterial, and portal venous embolization. (1986)

Transcatheter arterial embolization (TAE) is an effective means of treating primary hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). However, in many cases of HCC the tumor recurs after treatment. In an attempt to obtain complete tumor necrosis, the authors studied the clinical and histologic effect of simultaneous embolization of both the hepatic artery and portal vein in ten patients with HCC. In those cases in which combined embolization caused infarction, tumor cells in the main tumor, tumor cells that had invaded the tumor capsule, and small intrahepatic metastases had become totally necrotic following treatment. No viable tumor cells were detected in four patients who subsequently underwent operations; nor were viable tumor cells present in one other patient who later died as a result of a perforated duodenal ulcer. Five patients who did not subsequently undergo operations were still free of the disease 2-17 months after combined arterial and portal embolization. The impact of combined embolization on liver function was nearly the same as that produced when TAE was performed alone. Combined embolization may be a viable alternative to hepatectomy for the treatment of HCC.
A Coaxial Dielectric Barrier Discharge Reactor for Treatment of Winter Wheat Seeds (2020)

Non-thermal atmospheric pressure plasmas have been recently explored for their potential usage in agricultural applications as an interesting alternative solution for a potential increase in food production with a minor impact on the ecosystem. However, the adjustment and optimization of plasma sources for agricultural applications in general is an important study that is commonly overlooked. Thus, in the present work, a dielectric barrier discharge (DBD) reactor with coaxial geometry designed for the direct treatment of seeds is presented and investigated. To ensure reproducible and homogeneous treatment results, the reactor mechanically shakes the seeds during treatment, and ambient air is admixed while the discharge runs. The DBD, operating with argon and helium, produces two different chemically active states of the system for seed modification. The temperature evolution was monitored to guarantee a safe manipulation of seeds, whereas a physiological temperature was assured by controlling the exposure time. Both treatments led to a remarkable increase in wettability and acceleration in germination. The present study showed faster germination acceleration (60% faster after 24 h) and a lower water contact angle (WCA) (82% reduction) for winter wheat seeds by using the described argon discharge (with air impurities). Furthermore, the treatment can be easily optimized by adjusting the electrical parameters.
ECG Evaluation as Part of the Clinical Pharmacology Strategy in the Development of New Drugs: A Review of Current Practices and Opportunities Based on Five Case Studies (2022)

The International Conference on Harmonization (ICH) E14 document was revised in 2015 to allow concentration-corrected QT interval (C-QTc) analysis to be applied to data from early clinical pharmacology studies to exclude a small drug-induced effect on QTc. Provided sufficiently high concentrations of the drug are obtained in the first-in-human (FIH) study, this approach can be used to obviate the need for a designated thorough QT (TQT) study. The E14 revision has resulted in a steady reduction in the number of TQT studies and an increased use of FIH studies to evaluate electrocardiogram (ECG) effects of drugs in development. In this review, five examples from different sponsors are shared in which C-QTc analysis was performed on data from FIH studies. Case 1 illustrates a clearly negative C-QTc evaluation, despite observations of QTc prolongation at high concentrations in nonclinical studies. In case 2 C-QTc analysis of FIH data was performed prior to full pharmacokinetic characterization in patients, and the role of nonclinical assays in an integrated risk assessment is discussed. Case 3 illustrates a positive clinical C-QTc relationship, despite negative nonclinical assays. Case 4 demonstrates a strategy for characterizing the C-QTc relationship for a nonracemic therapy and formulation optimization, and case 5 highlights an approach to perform a preliminary C-QTc analysis early in development and postpone the definitive analysis until proof of efficacy is demonstrated. The strategy of collecting and storing ECG data from FIH studies to enable an informed decision on whether and when to apply C-QTc analysis to obviate the need for a TQT study is described.
Highly sensitive detection of self-aggregated single-walled carbon nanotubes using a DNA-immobilized resonator (2013)

By using DNA linkers, we are able to conjugate self-crosslinked SWNTs which could be detected upon hybridization with a DNA immobilized resonator. The DNA immobilized resonator is able to detect SWNTs with a detection limit of 10 ng ml(-1) which was 2-3 orders of magnitude smaller than the reported SWNT toxicity concentration.
EEG alpha power and alpha power asymmetry in sleep and wakefulness (1999)

Asymmetry of waking electroencephalography (EEG) alpha power in frontal regions has been correlated with waking emotional reactivity and the emotional content of dream reports. Little is known regarding alpha asymmetry during sleep. The present study was performed to compare alpha power and alpha power asymmetry in various brain regions across states of sleep and wakefulness. Waking and sleep EEG were recorded in a group of patients undergoing polysomnographic evaluation for possible sleep disorders. Alpha EEG asymmetry in frontal and temporal regions was significantly correlated in waking versus sleep, particularly during rapid eye movement (REM) sleep. These results suggest that patterns of frontal alpha asymmetry are stable across sleep and waking and may be related to emotional reactivity during dreaming. During sleep, alpha power was highest during slow-wave sleep and lowest during REM sleep. Implications of these data for understanding the functional significance of alpha power during waking and sleeping are considered.
CLINICOPATHOLOGIC CORRELATION OF DRUSEN AND RETINAL PIGMENT EPITHELIAL ABNORMALITIES IN AGE-RELATED MACULAR DEGENERATION (1994)

Background: Clinicopathologic studies of eyes lead to a better understanding of the nature of the ophthalmoscopic and fluorescein angiographic features of drusen. A study was conducted to provide clinicopathologic correlation of drusen and present a classification of drusen based on clinical and histopathologic features. Methods: The macular areas of three eyes from two patients were serially sectioned and studied, and features were depicted in a two-dimensional map and compared with clinical findings. Results: All three tyes had large drusen (>63 µm) with soft morphologic characteristics (poorly demarcated borders) documented on fundus photographs. In both eyes from one patient, these large drusen corresponded to areas of focal retinal pigment epithelium hypopigmentation overlying Bruch's membrane, which was diffusely thickened throughout the macula. Similar findings were noted in another eye from a second patient, and additionally, where there was relatively marked fluorescein staining of large drusen on the late phase of an angiogram, the pathologic correlation demonstrated detachment of the thickened inner aspect of Bruch's membrane from the remainder of Bruch's membrane. Focal hyperpigmentation corresponded to areas of hypertrophy of the retinal pigment epithelium and to clusters of pigmented cells in the subretinal space and outer nuclear area. Conclusion: Diffuse thickening of the inner aspect of Bruch's membrane is associated with retinal pigment epithelial hypopigmentation, focal atrophy, and soft (large) drusen formation.
Application of an intelligent dielectric sensor for soil water content, electrical conductivity and temperature (2002)

This paper describes prospective applications of an intelligent dielectric sensor for measuring water content, electrical conductivity and temperature in soil. The sensor incorporates an application specific integrated circuit for dielectric measurement. It has an embedded micro-processor which handles calibration, data processing, control and communication as well as rewritable memory for storing calibration data. The sensor can be used in agricultural practices for continuously monitoring water related parameters in soil and growing substrates in which field-busses or digital networks are used to read-out multiple sensors. A prototype of the sensor was tested in a LONWORKS/sup (R)/ network environment.
Software-managed Cache Coherence for fast One-Sided Communication (2016)

The ongoing many-core design aims at core counts where cache coherence becomes a serious challenge. Therefore, this paper discusses how one-sided communication can be implemented on a non-cache coherent many-core CPU. The Intel SCC serves as an exemplary hardware architecture. The presented approach is based on software-managed cache coherence for MPI one-sided communication. The prototype implementation delivers a PUT performance of up to five times faster than the default message-based approach and reveals a reduction of the communication costs for the NPB 3D FFT by a factor of five. Further, the paper identifies drawbacks of the SCC's architecture and derives conclusions for future architectures.
A MULTI-OBJECTIVE ROUTING PROBLEM REVISITED (1988)

Abstract A dynamic programming model is proposed for a multi-objective routing problem and is compared with the model proposed recently for this problem by Sancho.1
Active Memory Processor for Network-on-Chip-Based Architecture (2011)

Memory-intensive operations and their memory access latency are often the performance bottleneck in parallel applications. In this paper, we investigate the concept of active memory operation which is an active data processing operation performed on the memory side. Utilizing the active memory operation, we can replace multiple transactions of memory accesses over the on-chip network and related computations on the processor side with a smaller number of high-level transactions and computations on the memory side. To realize the concept, we have designed a special-purpose processor called active memory processor which is tightly coupled with the memory and executes the active memory operations. In our case studies, we have applied the concept to five real-world applications (parallelized JPEG, FFT, text indexing for data mining, histogram, and eikonal equation solver) running on a 36--tile architecture with 64 cores and four memory tiles and found that the proposed approach can improve performance by 20.5 \sim 259.3 percent.
The Human Prolactin Receptor Gene Structure and Alternative Promoter Utilization: The Generic Promoter hPII and a Novel Human Promoter hP<sub>N</sub> (1999)

The 5'-untranslated region of the human prolactin receptor (hPRLR) gene contains two alternative first exons, hE1(3), the human counterpart of the rat and mouse E1(3) and a novel human type of alternative first exon termed hE1N, also a common non-coding exon 2 and a third exon containing the translation initiation codon. hE1(3) was localized approximately 800 bp 5' from the hE1N in the genome. The two distinct first exons hE1(3) and hE1N are expressed in human breast tissue, breast cancer cells, gonads and liver. Overall, the transcript containing hE1(3) is prevalent in most tissues. The coding region of the gene comprises eight exons (exon 3-10), in which exon 10 encodes most of the intracellular domain. hE1(3) and hE1N are transcribed from alternative promoters hPIII and hP(N), respectively. The hPIII, containing identical Sp1 and C/EBP elements as in the rodent promoters, shares 81% similarity in the region -480/-106 to both the rat and mouse. The novel promoter hP(N) contains putative binding sites for ETS-family proteins and a half-site for nuclear receptors. Therefore, both promoters likely utilize distinct mechanisms in controlling the hPRLR gene transcription. The different promoter utilization of the hPRLR gene in diverse tissues may confer differential prolactin response through activation of different promoters.