gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
MO‐A‐BRD‐09: A Data‐Mining Algorithm for Large Scale Analysis of Dose‐Outcome Relationships in a Database of Irradiated Head‐And‐Neck (HN) Cancer Patients (2014)

Purpose: To develop a framework for automatic extraction of clinically meaningful dosimetric‐outcome relationships from an in‐house, analytic oncology database. Methods: Dose‐volume histograms (DVH) and clinical outcome‐related structured data elements have been routinely stored to our database for 513 HN cancer patients treated from 2007 to 2014. SQL queries were developed to extract outcomes that had been assessed for at least 100 patients, as well as DVH curves for organs‐at‐risk (OAR) that were contoured for at least 100 patients. DVH curves for paired OAR (e.g., left and right parotids) were automatically combined and included as additional structures for analysis. For each OAR‐outcome combination, DVH dose points, D(V t ), at a series of normalized volume thresholds, V t =[0.01,0.99], were stratified into two groups based on outcomes after treatment completion. The probability, P[D(V t )], of an outcome was modeled at each V t by logistic regression. Notable combinations, defined as having P[D(V t )] increase by at least 5% per Gy (p<0.05), were further evaluated for clinical relevance using a custom graphical interface. Results: A total of 57 individual and combined structures and 115 outcomes were queried, resulting in over 6,500 combinations for analysis. Of these, 528 combinations met the 5%/Gy requirement, with further manual inspection revealing a number of reasonable models based on either reported literature or proximity between neighboring OAR. The data mining algorithm confirmed the following well‐known toxicity/outcome relationships: dysphagia/larynx, voice changes/larynx, esophagitis/esophagus, xerostomia/combined parotids, and mucositis/oral mucosa. Other notable relationships included dysphagia/pharyngeal constrictors, nausea/brainstem, nausea/spinal cord, weight‐loss/mandible, and weight‐loss/combined parotids. Conclusion: Our database platform has enabled large‐scale analysis of dose‐outcome relationships. The current data‐mining framework revealed both known and novel dosimetric and clinical relationships, underscoring the potential utility of this analytic approach. Multivariate models may be necessary to further evaluate the complex relationship between neighboring OARs and observed outcomes. This research was supported through collaborations with Elekta, Philips, and Toshiba.
A short synthesis of an important precursor to a new class of bicyclic β-lactamase inhibitors (1997)

A short synthesis of an important precursor to known bicyclic β-lactamase inhibitors is described. The synthesis uses commercially available trans-3-hydroxy-l-proline 1. Protection of the amino group followed by formation of the hydroxamate and cyclization using Mitsunobu conditions afforded bicyclic β-lactam 4 in three steps in 53% overall yield.
Fluorogenic pH-Sensitive Polydiacetylene (PDA) Liposomes as a Drug Carrier (2013)

A crucial issue for current liposomal carriers in clinical applications is the sustained-release property of the encapsulated drugs. We have developed novel fluorogenic pH-sensitive polymerized liposomes composed of polydiacetylene (PDA) lipids and other types of lipids. Unilamellar liposomes containing 10,12-pentacosadiynoic acid (PCDA), 1,2-dioleoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphoethanolamine (DOPE), and N-palmitoyl homocysteine (PHC) were loaded with ampicillin. These liposomes fused to each other rapidly when the medium pH was lowered from 7 to 4. The polymerized liposomes were characterized in terms of particle size distribution. The liposome size increased approximately 20-fold from 110.0 +/- 19.3 nm to 2046.7 +/- 487.4 nm as the pH was lowered. Cross-linking of the diacetylene lipids prevents drug leakage and the encapsulated drug can be instantaneously released at acidic pH condition. The ampicillin was nearly completely released (74.4 +/- 3.9%) from liposomes within 4 h under acidic pH conditions and the released amounts of ampicillin were analyzed by HPLC. Finally, the therapeutic effect was observed by the appearance of plaques on a lawn of E. coli, and fluorescent images of the PDA liposomes were taken from the plaques for drug release monitoring. As a result, this research demonstrates that such novel pH-sensitive polymerized liposomes have great prospects as a drug carrier.
Rapid Synchronization of Ultra-Wideband Transmitted-Reference Receivers (2004)

Time synchronization is a major challenge and a rich area of study in ultra-wideband (UWB) communication systems. Transmitted-reference (TR) receivers avoid the stringent synchronization requirements that exist in conventional pulse detection schemes. However, the performance of such receivers is highly sensitive to precise timing acquisition and tracking of integration window that defines the limits of the finite integrator prior to final decision block. In this paper we propose a novel rapid synchronization technique that allows us to extract the timing information very accurately in UWB-TR receivers in the presence of a variety of channel noise and interference. The principles of the method are presented and the BER performance of a synchronized UWB-TR receiver is investigated in the presence of a range of values for timing jitter by computer simulations. Our studies show that the proposed synchronization technique greatly improves the performance of UWB-TR receivers in the presence of jitter and AWGN with modest increase in complexity.
Integrated ESOP Refactoring for Industrial Designs (2018)

We present a multi-level logic refactoring algorithm based on exclusive sum-of-product (ESOP) expressions. ESOP expressions are two-level logic representation forms, similar to sum-of-product (SOP) expressions. However, ESOPs use EXOR instead of OR operators. It has been shown that this allows ESOPs to be exponentially more compact than SOP expressions for important classes of functions. Our algorithm is based on a combination of ESOP collapsing, minimization, and refactoring. In EXOR-heavy logic, such as arithmetic units, it unlocks optimizations that may be outside the reach of SOP based methods. We show that our method is able to significantly improve upon logic optimization results, as compared to a similar SOP based flow. On a set of EXOR-heavy benchmarks, we reduce logic levels by up to 83.3% in the best case, and by 44.6% on average. Further, we are able to reduce logic network size by 21.4% on average. We have integrated our method into a commercial synthesis flow. On a set of 46 industrial benchmarks, the optimizations introduced by our algorithm improve design results after physical synthesis.
Method and a simple apparatus for rapid simultaneous measurement of resonance frequency and <i>Q</i> factor of a quartz crystal (1996)

The quartz crystal microbalance is finding many novel uses beyond its traditional utility as a thin film deposition controller. In many situations where the quartz crystal is immersed in a viscous fluid, it is desirable to measure the crystal’s Q factor in addition to its resonance frequency. Here, we describe a simple method for simultaneous measurement of the resonance frequency, the quality factor, and the activity or relative amplitude of oscillation of a quartz crystal in vacuum and in gaseous environment. The hardware, comprising of a synthesized sine wave generator and a phase detector, passively interrogates the crystal to determine its resonance frequency and activity. The passive measurement system can detect a resonance even when the crystal is heavily damped. Representative measurement results for an AT-cut quartz crystal in a number of gases at various pressures are presented. The methodology described here may be readily applied to quartz crystals immersed in a liquid.
A New Capacitor-Less Buck DC-DC Converter for LED Applications (2017)

In this paper, a new capacitor-less DC-DC converter is proposed to be used as a light emitting diode (LED) driver. The design is based on the utilization of the internal capacitance of the LED to replace the smoothing capacitor. LED lighting systems usually have many LEDs for better illumination that can reach multiple tens of LEDs. Such configuration can be utilized to enlarge the total internal capacitance and hence minimize the output ripple. Also, the switching frequency is selected such that a minimum ripple appears at the output. The functionality of the proposed design is confirmed experimentally and the efficiency of the driver is 85% at full load.
<title>Novel scanner characterization method for color measurement and diagnostics applications</title> (2006)

We propose a novel scanner characterization approach for applications requiring color measurement of hardcopy output in printer calibration, characterization, and diagnostic applications. It is assumed that a typical printed medium comprises the three basic colorants C, M, Y. The proposed method is particularly advantageous when additional colorants are used in the print (e.g. black (K)). A family of scanner characterization targets is constructed, each varying in C, M, Y and at a fixed level of K. A corresponding family of 3-D scanner characterizations is derived, one for each level of K. Each characterization maps scanner RGB to a colorimetric representation such as CIELAB, using standard characterization techniques. These are then combined into a single 4-D characterization mapping RGBK to CIELAB. A refinement of the technique improves performance significantly by using a function of the scanned values for K (e.g. the scanner's green channel response to printed K) instead of the digital K value directly. This makes this new approach more robust with respect to variations in printed K over time. Secondly it enables, with a single scanner characterization, accurate color measurement of prints from different printers within the same family. Results show that the 4-D characterization technique can significantly outperform standard 3-D approaches especially in cases where the image being scanned is a patch target made up of unconstrained CMYK combinations. Thus the algorithm finds particular use in printer characterization and diagnostic applications. The method readily generalizes to printed media containing other (e.g "hi-fi") colorants, and also to other image capture devices such as digital cameras.
Matrix Implanted Laser Desorption Ionization (MILDI) Combined with Ion Mobility-Mass Spectrometry for Bio-Surface Analysis (2005)

The implantation of low velocity massive gold cluster ions allows homogeneous incorporation of a metallic matrix into the near-surface region of rat brain tissues. Subsequent analysis by laser desorption ionization mass spectrometry yields spectra exhibiting molecular ion peaks in the mass range up to 35 kDa similar to those observed by matrix-assisted LDI. Matrix-implanted LDI when combined with ion-mobility preseparation promises to be a useful technique for molecular imaging of biotissues with a laser microprobe.
Packet duplication for URLLC in 5G dual connectivity architecture (2018)

This paper addresses the problem of satisfying the extreme requirements related to Ultra-Reliable Low Latency Communications (URLLC) in 5G Radio Access Network (RAN). Complementary to the existing Physical (PHY) layer techniques, this paper focuses primarily on higher layer solutions, particularly, on Packet Duplication (PD) as a practical and low complexity technique for URLLC. The theoretic framework behind PD is investigated and the recent enhancements made in the 5G Dual Connectivity (DC) architecture for supporting PD are discussed. For improving the radio resource utilization and to dynamically control the activation of PD, an optimization problem subject to URLLC constraints is formulated and solved heuristically to give the resource configuration in terms of MCS and PRB allocation over multiple links. Following this, it is shown numerically that performing PD in various deployment scenarios results in better utilization of radio resources compared to using a single highly reliable link while effectively satisfying the URLLC requirements.
Enhancement of Piezoelectric Response in Scandium Aluminum Nitride Alloy Thin Films Prepared by Dual Reactive Cosputtering (2008)

A high-temperature piezoelectric material exhibits a good balance between high maximum use temperature and large piezoelectricity. This is achieved by the combination of the discovery of a phase transition in scandium aluminum nitride (ScxAl1 − xN) alloy thin films, and the use of dual cosputtering, which leads to nonequilibrium alloy thin films.
High-pressure cryocooling for capillary sample cryoprotection and diffraction phasing at long wavelengths (2007)

Crystal cryocooling is usually employed to reduce radiation damage during X-ray crystallography. Recently, a high-pressure cryocooling method has been developed which results in excellent diffraction-quality crystals without the use of penetrative cryoprotectants. Three new developments of the method are presented here: (i) Xe-He high-pressure cryocooling for Xe SAD phasing, (ii) native sulfur SAD phasing and (iii) successful cryopreservation of crystals in thick-walled capillaries without additional cryoprotectants other than the native mother liquor. These developments may be useful for structural solution of proteins without the need for selenomethionine incorporation and for high-throughput protein crystallography.
Magnetically levitated linear conveying system --- Magnetization from upper superconductor surface --- (2009)

Magnetically levitated conveying system using superconductors has a demerit that it is not able to change the levitation height between levitated vehicle and magnetic rail. In this study, we tried to improve this demerit by applying pulsed-field magnetization to the system. We made a prototype of magnetically levitated conveying system based on numerical analysis.
Phototoxicity of Some Bromine‐Substituted Rhodamine Dyes: Synthesis, Photophysical Properties and Application as Photosensitizers (1996)

The synthesis of some bromine-substituted rhodamine derivatives viz., 4,5-dibromorhodamine methyl ester (dye 2) and 4,5-dibromorhodamine n-butyl ester (dye 3) are reported. These dyes were synthesized to promote a more efficient cancer cell photosensitizer for potential use in in vitro bone marrow purging in preparation for autologous bone marrow transplantation. Spectroscopic and photophysical characterization of these dyes together with rhodamine 123 (dye 1) are reported in water, methanol, ethanol and also in a microheterogeneous system, sodium dodecyl sulfate. The possible mechanism of photosensitization is characterized in terms of singlet oxygen efficiency of these dyes. Singlet oxygen quantum yields for bromine-substituted dyes are in the range of 0.3-0.5 depending on the solvent. For dye 1 no singlet oxygen production is found. The photodynamic actions of these dyes in different cell lines are tested. It was found that dye 2 and dye 3 are efficient photosensitizers and mediate eradication of K562, EM2, myeloid cell lines (CML) and the SMF-AI rhabdomyosarcoma line.
Cyclophilin represents a novel class of protein kinases (1987)

Cyclophilin (CyP, Mr 17,737, pI 9.6), a highly specific cytosolic receptor for cyclosporin A (CsA) has ser/thr protein kinase activity. Incorporation of /sup 32/P into bovine histone H/sub 3/ (BH/sub 3/) was catalyzed by major and minor CyP isozymes at the same rate. Salt effects were biphasic with optimal kinase activity between 50-100 mM Na/sup +/ or K/sup +/. Kinase activity was maximal at 37/sup 0/C, stable for 5 min at 45/sup 0/, labile at 56/sup 0/, optimal between pH 6.8 and 8.0 and had an apparent Km of 20 uM ATP with both isozymes. The specific activity of CyP was 1.0 nmole P/mg protein/min with chicken histone H/sub 1/ (CH/sub 1/), 0.2 nmoles P/mg prot/min with BH/sub 3/ and less than 0.01 nmoles P/mg prot/min with synapsin, casein, phosvitin, and ribosomal protein S6. Cofactors including Mn/sup + +/, Zn/sup + +/, Ca/sup + +/, phosphatidyl serine, diolein and phorbol ester, cAMP, cGMP and Ca/sup + +/ did not affect basal CyP kinase activity. CsA (<200 ng/ml) inhibited phosphorylation of CH/sub 3/ by 50% but did not inhibit phosphorylation of other histones; 2ug CsA/ml was required to cause 50% inhibition of cAMP and Ca/sup + +//CaM dependent kinases. A non-immunosuppressivemore » analog (Me-leu-11-CsA) that does not bind to CyP did not inhibit CH/sub 3/ phosphorylation. Thus, CyP is a novel protein kinase that mediates immunosuppression by CsA.« less
Oxidative Stability of Conjugated Linoleic Acid Rich Soy Oil Obtained by Heterogeneous Catalysis (2014)

Abstract A CLA rich‐soy oil (CLARSO) has been produced by heterogenous catalysis. This oil may provide significant health benefits. The objectives of this study were: to determine the oxidative stability of the CLARSO and CLARSO after adsorption treatment [], relative to conventional soy oil, in terms of primary and secondary oxidation products and to determine CLA and other unsaturated fatty acids oxidation kinetics in the CLARSO []. Primary and secondary oxidation products were measured in CLARSO and soy oil samples kept at 50 °C in the dark. The CLARSO was less stable than soy oil but bleaching improved its oxidative stability. The induction times were dependent on the analytical method used. Fatty acid oxidation kinetics was determined by measuring each fatty acid and hydroperoxides in CLARSO at 52, 61 and 69 °C in the dark. Unsaturated fatty acids oxidation rate constants, activation energies and frequency factors were obtained by the Arrhenius equation. Kinetics studies showed that CLA isomers had higher rate constants, higher activation energies and higher frequency factors than linoleic acid which showed that the CLA isomers had more molecular collisions with oxygen than linoleic acid.
Record (60) Uncoupled Modes in A Step-Index Fiber due to A New Light Guidance Mechanism: Topological Confinement (2021)

We exploit a recently discovered, so-called, topological confinement effect, to achieve mode-mixing resistant (inter-mode purity > 15 dB) propagation of a record 60 modes over 90 meters of a simple step-index fiber.
Threshold of Protograph-Based LDPC Coded BICM for Rayleigh Fading (2011)

Protograph-based bit-interleaved coded modulation (BICM) provides an elegant way of designing coded modulation over Rayleigh faded channels, however, to date the available designs have been limited to specific modulations and the corresponding decoding thresholds have not been known for Rayleigh faded channels. In this work, we present a simple method for designing protograph-based BICM that is general and applies to any modulation, and furthermore we calculate the iterative decoding thresholds of the protograph codes while mapped to higher order modulations. This general coding framework can support not only multiple rates but also adaptive modulation. We report that certain families of protograph codes achieve a threshold within a gap of approximately 0.2 - 0.4 dB of BICM capacity limit across a wide range of rates and modulations.
RIM: Robust Intersection Management for Connected Autonomous Vehicles (2018)

Utilizing intelligent transportation infrastructures can significantly improve the throughput of intersections of Connected Autonomous Vehicles (CAV), where an Intersection Manager (IM) assigns a target velocity to incoming CAVs in order to achieve a high throughput. Since the IM calculates the assigned velocity for a CAV based on the model of the CAV, it's vulnerable to model mismatches and possible external disturbances. As a result, IM must consider a large safety buffer around all CAVs to ensure a safe scheduling, which greatly degrades the throughput. In addition, IM has to assign a relatively lower speed to CAVs that intend to make a turn at the intersection to avoid rollover. This issue reduces the throughput of the intersection even more. In this paper, we propose a space and time-aware technique to manage intersections of CAVs that is robust against external disturbances and model mismatches. In our method, RIM, IM is responsible for assigning a safe Time of Arrival (TOA) and Velocity of Arrival (VOA) to an approaching CAV such that trajectories of CAVs before and inside the intersection does not conflict. Accordingly, CAVs are responsible for determining and tracking an optimal trajectory to reach the intersection at the assigned TOA while driving at VOA. Since CAVs track a position trajectory, the effect of bounded model mismatch and external disturbances can be compensated. In addition, CAVs that intend to make a turn at the intersection do not need to drive at a slow velocity before entering the intersection. Results from conducting experiments on a 1/10 scale intersection of CAVs show that RIM can reduce the position error at the expected TOA by 18X on average in presence of up to 10% model mismatch and an external disturbance with an amplitude of 5% of max range. In total, our technique can achieve 2.7X better throughput on average compared to velocity assignment techniques.
<title>Recent developments in spectroscopic ellipsometry for in-situ applications</title> (2001)

The in situ measurement capabilities and advantages of recently developed spectroscopic ellipsometry (SE) instrumentation, which covers wide spectral ranges (190-1700 nm, or 0.73-6.5 eV) and is based on rotating-compensator technology, are described. A technique which can quantitatively correct for window birefringence is presented. Current in situ SE deposition monitoring and control applications in the compound semiconductor, display, and optical coatings industries are also presented.
Supplementary Data from Stearoyl-CoA Desaturase 1 Is a Novel Molecular Therapeutic Target for Clear Cell Renal Cell Carcinoma (2023)

Supplementary Data from Stearoyl-CoA Desaturase 1 Is a Novel Molecular Therapeutic Target for Clear Cell Renal Cell Carcinoma
A new class of non-conjugated bipolar hybrid hosts for phosphorescent organic light-emitting diodes (2009)

Comprising hole- and electron-transporting moieties with flexible linkages, representative non-conjugated bipolar hybrids have been synthesized and characterized for a demonstration of their potential use as host materials for the fabrication of phosphorescent organic light-emitting diodes. The advantages of this material class include solution processing into amorphous films with elevated glass transition temperatures, stability against phase separation and crystallization, and provision of LUMO/HOMO levels and triplet energies contributed by the two independent moieties without constraint by the electrochemical energy gap. While exciplex formation between the hole- and electron-transporting moieties is inevitable, its adverse effects on spectral purity and device efficiency can be avoided by trapping charges on triplet emitters, as demonstrated for Ir(mppy)3 in TRZ-3Cz(MP)2, and TRZ-1Cz(MP)2. With these two bipolar hybrids and hole-transporting Cz(MP)2 as the host, the maximum current efficiency of the bilayer PhOLED is achieved with TRZ-3Cz(MP)2, but the driving voltage decreases monotonically with an increasing TRZ content.