gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Evolution of a General RNA-Cleaving FANA Enzyme (2018)

The isolation of synthetic genetic polymers (XNAs) with catalytic activity demonstrates that catalysis is not limited to natural biopolymers, but it remains unknown whether such systems can achieve robust catalysis with Michaelis-Menten kinetics. Here, we describe an efficient RNA-cleaving 2'-fluoroarabino nucleic acid enzyme (FANAzyme) that functions with a rate enhancement of >10<sup>6</sup>-fold over the uncatalyzed reaction and exhibits substrate saturation kinetics typical of most natural enzymes. The FANAzyme was generated by in vitro evolution using natural polymerases that were found to recognize FANA substrates with high fidelity. The enzyme comprises a small 25 nucleotide catalytic domain flanked by substrate-binding arms that can be engineered to recognize diverse RNA targets. Substrate cleavage occurs at a specific phosphodiester bond located between an unpaired guanine and a paired uracil in the substrate recognition arm. Our results expand the chemical space of nucleic acid enzymes to include nuclease-resistant scaffolds with strong catalytic activity.
Alpha Amylase Production by Aspergillus Oryzae Using Solid State Fermentation (2011)

A fungal strain of Aspergillus oryzae was used for the production of alpha amylase by solid state fermentation from agro-industrial waste. Enzyme production was growth associated and maximum activity (8.23 U/ml) were obtained after 120h when incubated at 30°C on wheat bran with initial moisture content 60%; initial medium pH = 5 . Enzyme activity increased when the solid medium was supplemented with additional nitrogen source (sodium Nitrate).
OVERSPEEDING AND CRASH DETECTION SURVEILLANCE ON HIGHWAYS (2023)

The proposed system is an ideal solution to the global concern of overspeeding.It combines an overspeeding indicator and an Automatic Crash Detection and Emergency Alert System (ACDEAS) to promote safe driving.The system forthwith alerts the drivers when they exceed speed limits.On the other hand, the ACDEAS system perceives crashes and alerts the authorities concerned without further ado for quick medical response.This approach remarkably reduces overspeeding-related accidents, minimizes fatalities, and alleviates the financial and societal costs of traffic accidents.It plays a significant role in improving public welfare and road safety.
Organ-Specific Overexpression of Renal LAT2 and Enhanced Tubular <scp>l</scp> -DOPA Uptake Precede the Onset of Hypertension (2003)

Spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) might have increased renal production of dopamine. L-3,4-Dihydroxyphenylalanine (L-DOPA) uptake in renal epithelial cells is promoted through the type 2 L-type amino acid transporter (LAT2), and this might rate-limit the synthesis of renal dopamine. The present study evaluated L-DOPA uptake in isolated renal proximal tubules of SHR and normotensive controls (Wistar-Kyoto rats [WKY]). Expression of LAT1 and LAT2 in the renal cortex and intestinal mucosa was also evaluated. Tubular uptake of L-DOPA in WKY and SHR was a saturable process, being greater in the latter than the former at both 4 and 12 weeks of age. cDNA fragments (LAT1, 688 bp; LAT2, 729 bp) labeled with 32P were used as probes for Northern blot analysis. Expression of LAT2 in SHR kidneys was higher than in WKY kidneys. This increase was more marked at 4 than at 12 weeks of age. Intestinal LAT2 expression, however, was identical in SHR and WKY at both 4 and 12 week of age. By Northern blot analysis, the LAT1 transcript was not identified in either the kidney or intestine. Kidney total RNA was then reverse-transcribed and amplified by polymerase chain reaction with specific primers for LAT1. The presence of a fragment of the expected size for LAT1 led to the conclusion that LAT1 mRNA is a rare message in kidney. We conclude that overexpression of LAT2 in the SHR kidney might contribute to the enhanced L-DOPA uptake, which is organ specific and precedes the onset of hypertension.
Characterization and protective performance of acrylic‐based nanocomposite coating reinforced with silica nanoparticles (2017)

Acrylic coatings were modified by adding silica nanoparticles to obtain transparent, non‐yellowing and chemically stable coatings, having also good corrosion resistance. Low carbon steel sheets were used as substrate. Pre‐formed nano‐silica particles, prepared by sol‐gel chemistry from methyltriethoxysilane (MTES) and methacryloxypropyltrimethoxysilane (MPTMS) precursors, were dispersed into acrylic resin matrix. Unfilled coating was also produced for comparison. The uniformity of the coatings and the dispersion of nanoparticles in the polymeric matrix were investigated using transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and atomic force microscopy (AFM). The performance of the coatings was evaluated in terms of their UV resistance, optical properties, and corrosion resistance. The corrosion protection performance of the coatings was evaluated using potentiodynamic polarization technique and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) in 3.5 wt% NaCl solution at room temperature. TEM studies indicate that silica nanoparticles were homogeneously dispersed through the polymer matrix. The polarization curves, corrosion resistance as measured by the Nyquist plots as well as salt spray tests suggest that the acrylic coating with homogeneously‐dispersed nanoparticles offer the best protection against corrosion.
Chronic Hypersensitivity Pneumonitis (2006)

Hypersensitivity pneumonitis (HP) is traditionally divided on clinical grounds into acute, subacute, and chronic stages. Most biopsy specimens come from patients in the subacute stage, in which there is a relatively mild, usually peribronchiolar, chronic interstitial inflammatory infiltrate, accompanied in most cases by poorly formed interstitial granulomas or isolated giant cells. However, the pathologic features in the chronic, ie, fibrotic stage, are poorly defined in the literature. These features are important to recognize because the chronic stage of HP is often associated with a poor prognosis. We reviewed 13 cases of chronic HP. Where information was available, exposures to the sensitizing agent had generally occurred over a long period of time. Three patterns of fibrosis were seen: 1) predominantly peripheral fibrosis in a patchy pattern with architectural distortion and fibroblast foci resembling, microscopically, usual interstitial pneumonia (UIP); 2) relatively homogeneous linear fibrosis resembling fibrotic nonspecific interstitial pneumonia (NSIP); and 3) irregular predominantly peribronchiolar fibrosis. In some instances, mixtures of the UIP-like and peribronchiolar patterns were found. In all cases, the presence of scattered poorly formed granulomas, or isolated interstitial giant cells, or sometimes only Schaumann bodies indicated the correct diagnosis. In 7 cases, areas of typical subacute HP were present as well. High-resolution CT scans showed variable patterns ranging from severe fibrosis, in some instances with an upper zone predominance, to predominantly ground glass opacities with peripheral reticulation. We conclude that, at the level of morphology, chronic HP may closely mimic UIP or fibrotic NSIP. If no areas of subacute HP are evident, the presence of isolated giant cells, poorly formed granulomas, or Schaumann bodies is crucial to arriving at the correct diagnosis, and the finding of peribronchiolar fibrosis may be helpful. Despite the presence of extensive fibrosis, some patients responded to removal from exposure and steroid therapy.
Pulse sequence generated oblique magnetic resonance imaging: Applications to cardiac imaging (1986)

A pulse sequence procedure for producing oblique magnetic resonance images is described. Using this procedure we present a new, accurate method to obtain true short-axis views and true long-axis views (both parallel and perpendicular to the septal plane) of the heart. The method is accurate regardless of the orientation of patient's heart. The method does not require the patient to be rotated, nor otherwise moved, and does not require any additional hardware. The method is experimentally verified with both human and phantom studies. The phantom study indicates accuracy of approximately 1 degree with a commercial scanner that reports angular measurements to a precision of 1 degree. Application of the short-axis views to measurement of left ventricular volume, and possible advantages of Gauss-Legendre integration for this measurement are discussed. Finally, multiphase oblique cardiac images are presented.
Effect of methotrexate on blood purine and pyrimidine levels in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (1999)

MTX decreases circulating purine and pyrimidine concentrations, and their availability for DNA and RNA synthesis, which may affect immune cell proliferation and protein (cytokine) expression. The absence of adenosine concentration changes and lack of ZTP formation is evidence against an AICAR/adenosine mechanism, although localized adenosine concentration changes cannot be excluded.
Filament winding S-glass/polyimide resin composite processing studies (1974)

The work performed in selecting a TRW A-type polyimide resin that would be suitable for fabrication of filament wound reinforced plastic structures is described. Several different formulations were evaluated after which the P105AC formulation was selected as the most promising. Procedures then were developed for preparing P105AC/S-glass roving prepreg and for fabricating filament wound structural composites. Composites were fabricated and then tested in order to obtain tensile and shear strength information. Small, closed-end cylindrical pressure vessels then were fabricated using a stainless steel liner and end fittings with a P105AC/S-glass polar wound overwrap. These pressure vessels were cured in an air circulating oven without augmented pressure. It is concluded that the P105AC resin system is suitable for filament winding; that low void content, high strength composites are obtained by the filament winding process; and that augmented pressure is not required to effect the fabrication of filament wound P105AC composites.
Development and validation of simultaneous assay of simvastatin, beta-hydroxy simvastatin as metabolite in human plasma using liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (2022)

Several generic products containing simvastatin are circulating on the Vietnamese market at a more inexpensive price than that of a brand-name one. These formulations, however, have not been assessed for in vivo bioequivalence to the reference product. After oral administration, simvastatin (SIM) is extensively converted into an active metabolite, beta-hydroxy simvastatin acid (SIM-A) and a very low concentration of simvastatin can be found in plasma. Therefore, a method for quantification of simvastatin and its metabolite needs to be developed with a high specificity and sensitivity to detect these analytes in human plasma at such low concentrations. Our purpose was to develop a reliable LC-MS/MS (liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry) method for simultaneous determination of simvastatin and metabolite of simvastatin, beta-hydroxy simvastatin acid, in human plasma and to apply this method to evaluate the bioequivalence of a test product in comparison with the reference product. Mass spectrometry, internal standard (IS), and chromatographic conditions were investigated to find out the suitable IS and conditions. Human plasma samples were treated by liquid-liquid extraction (LLE). The assay was validated in compliance with US-FDA (United States-Food and Drug Administration), and EMA (European Medicines Agency) guidelines. LC-MS/MS with electrospray ionization interface in positive (for SIM and lovastatin as IS) and negative (for SIM-A) ionization mode performed under the multiple reaction monitoring mode was used for detection of the analytes. The transition of m/z is 436.00 → 285.15, 435.10 → 319.15, and 404.95 → 199.10 for SIM, SIM-A, and IS, respectively. Tert-buthyl methyl ether was used for extraction of analytes from human plasma by a simple LLE followed by addition of an ammonium acetate buffer. The developed method was fully validated with acceptable selectivity, linearity and linear range, matrix effect, lower limit of quantitation (LLOQ), carryover, dilution integrity, and intra-and inter-day accuracy and precision, free-thaw stability. The method can be applied for quantification of these compounds in human plasma for in vivo bioavailability and bioequivalence studies.
The preparation of nylon-tube-supported hexokinase and glucose 6-phosphate dehydrogenase and the use of the co-immobilized enzymes in the automated determination of glucose. (1975)

Triethyloxonium tetrafluoroborate was used to O-alkylate nylon-tube thus producing the imidate salt of the nylon which was further made to react with 1,6-diaminohexane. 2. Hexokinase (EC 2.7.1.1) and glucose 6-phosphate dehydrogenase (EC 1.1.1.49) were immobilized on the amino-substituted nylon tube through glutaraldeyde and bisimidates. 3. The effect of varying the conditions of O-alkylation and the amount of enzyme immobilized on the activity of nylon tube-hexokinase derivatives was determined. 4. The effect of varying the amount of enzyme immobilized on the activity of nylon-tube-glucose 6-phosphate dehydrogenase derivatives was determined. 5. The thermal stability of nylon-tube-hexokinase and nylon-tube-glucose 6-phosphate dehydrogenase derivatives was studied. 6. Different ratios of hexokinase and glucose 6-phosphate dehydrogenase were co-immobilized on nylon tube, and the rate of conversion of glucose into 6-phosphogluconolactone was compared with the individual activities of the immobilized enzymes. 7. Hexokinase and glucose 6-phosphate dehydrogenase co-immobilized on nylon tube were used in the automated analysis of glucose.
Dynamic max rate control algorithm for available bit rate service in ATM networks (2002)

The ATM Forum has adopted rate-based congestion control as the standard for available bit rate (ABR) services. In order to achieve fairness, it is necessary that the rate-based control schemes use intelligent marking, i.e., notify congestion only to selected connections. For these schemes to perform well, the central issue is to guarantee that the marking threshold is a good estimate of the fair share of the available bandwidth to which each connection is supposed to converge. In the existing schemes, such as the enhanced proportional rate control algorithm (EPRCA), this approximation does not always hold, for example due to bottlenecked connections, transient behaviors, safety parameters in the algorithms, or incorrect rate information from the sources. In this paper, we propose a new algorithm for the switch behavior, called the dynamic max rate control algorithm (DMRCA), which distinguishes itself from the existing schemes in that it uses a marking threshold which is a function of the degree of congestion at the switch and the maximum rate of all active connections. We show that this threshold is always an accurate estimate of the fair share, and thus the new algorithm outperforms the existing schemes, achieving fairness in all situations. The new scheme can be implemented with low complexity, and is fully compatible with the existing ATM standard.
Finding Relevant Litterature for Agent Research (2000)

Software agent research is the most recent and prominent contribution to the field of software engineering. Nevertheless, the process of finding relevant litterature in this domain is a tremendous challenge, and it is frequently not found using traditional Internet search engines. This paper meets this challenge by applying other and usually better information sources, examples of such sources are library and topic-specific databases. Such databases range from free of charge to several hundred dollars for a few search queries, e.g. the Dialog system.
Desulfurization of Liquid Fuels by Adsorption via π Complexation with Cu(I)−Y and Ag−Y Zeolites (2002)

Fixed-bed adsorption using different π-complexation adsorbents for desulfurization of liquid fuels was investigated. Cu(I)−Y (autoreduced Cu(II)−Y), Ag−Y, H−Y, and Na−Y zeolites were used to separate low-concentration thiophene from mixtures including benzene and/or n-octane, all at room temperature and atmospheric pressure. Sulfur-free (i.e., below the detection limit of 4 ppmw sulfur) fuels were obtained with Cu(I)−Y, Ag−Y, and H−Y but not Na−Y. Breakthrough and saturation adsorption capacities obtained for an influent concentration of 760 ppmw sulfur (or 2000 ppmw thiophene) in n-octane follow the order Cu(I)−Y > Ag−Y > H−Y > Na−Y and Cu(I)−Y > H−Y > Na−Y > Ag−Y, respectively. Cu(I)−Y zeolite adsorbed 5.50 and 7.54 wt % sulfur at breakthrough and saturation, respectively, for an influent concentration of 760 ppmw sulfur in n-octane. For the case of 190 ppmw sulfur in mixtures containing both benzene and n-octane, Cu(I)−Y adsorbed 0.70 and 1.40 wt % sulfur at breakthrough and saturation, respectively. Regeneration of the adsorbent was accomplished by using air at 350 °C, followed by reactivation in helium at 450 °C. The observed adsorption behavior, in general, agrees well with previous studies performed for pure-component vapor-phase adsorption of thiophene and benzene with the same adsorbents.
On a region-of-interest based approach to robust wireless video transmission (2004)

This paper presents a scheme aiming at transmitting real-time video to wireless channel with vigorously varying quality, which is in practice the norm rather than the exception. Region of interest (ROI) is an efficient approach to making the video more adaptive to the wireless channel because ROI is the region that human eyes tend to put more attention to than the remainder region (RM). In our proposed scheme, we adopted this feature. The real-time source video stream is divided into two regions, the ROI and the RM regions. The two regions were encoded using H.263 standard codec such that the video transmission is adaptive to the current channel state, which is characterized by the effective data rate that varies from tens of kilobits per second to hundreds of kilobits per second. Channel state parameters are fed back to the source coder to adjust the compression ratio as well as the intra/inter options of the encoders. Results including frame loss probability, compression characteristics, peak signal to noise ratio (PSNR) against channel states are given, indicating that the resulting adaptive video codec can respond judiciously to time-varying channel quality. Our scheme is evaluated together with a ROI-enabled moving picture coding standard JPEG2000. Using the features provided in JPEG2000, we have made the JPEG2000 codec adaptive to the vigorously varying wireless channel and then compared it with the H.263 scheme. Our technique is suitable for a broad area of applications including real-time news reporting and video conferencing.
Thermal Adaptation of the Archaeal and Bacterial Lipid Membranes (2012)

The physiological characteristics that distinguish archaeal and bacterial lipids, as well as those that define thermophilic lipids, are discussed from three points of view that (1) the role of the chemical stability of lipids in the heat tolerance of thermophilic organisms: (2) the relevance of the increase in the proportion of certain lipids as the growth temperature increases: (3) the lipid bilayer membrane properties that enable membranes to function at high temperatures. It is concluded that no single, chemically stable lipid by itself was responsible for the adaptation of surviving at high temperatures. Lipid membranes that function effectively require the two properties of a high permeability barrier and a liquid crystalline state. Archaeal membranes realize these two properties throughout the whole biological temperature range by means of their isoprenoid chains. Bacterial membranes meet these requirements only at or just above the phase-transition temperature, and therefore their fatty acid composition must be elaborately regulated. A recent hypothesis sketched a scenario of the evolution of lipids in which the "lipid divide" emerged concomitantly with the differentiation of archaea and bacteria. The two modes of thermal adaptation were established concurrently with the "lipid divide."
Ultrasonic modification of carbonate scale electrochemically deposited in tap water (2018)

Influence of the ultrasound intensity (28 kHz, 1.1-7.5 W/cm<sup>2</sup>) on CaCO<sub>3</sub> nucleation-growth on the surface of a cylinder mild steel electrode rotating at 500 rpm was studied in tap water. The deposition kinetics was analyzed by chronoamperometry; the calcareous layer was characterized by gravimetry, scanning electron microscopy and XRD. Application of ultrasound to calcium carbonate crystallization affects nucleation site density, mass-transport rate and cavitation erosion of the deposits. Lower intensity ultrasound reduces scale porosity and area density by increasing nucleation site density and accelerating the mass transport. Higher intensity ultrasound promotes cavitation erosion of the formed layer, thus cleaning the surface from the scale. A scale layer with the highest blocking properties formed under applied ultrasound intensity of 1.9 W/cm<sup>2</sup>. The ultrasound doubled crystallization rate, reduced the scale porosity 5 times and halved its area density compared to non-sonicated conditions. Ultrasound of controllable intensity can solve both scale and corrosion problems of industrial heat-exchange equipment by forming a protective scale layer and removing excessive deposits.
Data Mining Approach for Analyzing Call Center Performance (2004)

The aim of our research was to apply well-known data mining techniques (such as linear neural networks, multi-layered perceptrons, probabilistic neural networks, classification and regression trees, support vector machines and finally a hybrid decision tree neural network approach) to the problem of predicting the quality of service in call centers; based on the performance data actually collected in a call center of a large insurance company. Our aim was two-fold. First, to compare the performance of models built using the above-mentioned techniques and, second, to analyze the characteristics of the input sensitivity in order to better understand the relationship between the perform-ance evaluation process and the actual performance and in this way help improve the performance of call centers. In this paper we summarize our findings.
Understanding Weightless: Technology, Equipment, and Network Deployment for M2M Communications in White Space (2012)

Essential for getting to grips with the Weightless standard for M2M communications, this definitive guide describes and explains the new standard in an accessible manner. It helps you to understand the Weightless standard by revealing its background and rationale. Designed to make clear the context and the fundamental design decisions for Weightless and to provide a readable overview of the standard, it details principal features and issues of the technology, the business case for deployment, network performance and some important applications. This informative book guides you through the key decisions and requirements involved in designing and deploying a Weightless network. Includes a chapter on applications, explaining the relevance of the standard and its potential. Written by one of the lead designers of Weightless, this is an ideal guide for everyone involved with the standard, from those designing equipment to those making use of the technology.
Preoperative Serum CA-125 Levels in Patients With Surgical Stage I Invasive Ovarian Adenocarcinoma (1988)

Preoperative serum CA-125 levels were elevated in only three of 13 patients (23%) with a pelvic mass who were found to have surgical stage I invasive ovarian adenocarcinoma. This low incidence is surprising, since elevated levels have been found in greater than 80% of patients with advanced ovarian cancer. This suggests serious limitations for using serum CA-125 levels as a screening test for ovarian cancer.