gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Ethidium bromide does not fluoresce when intercalated adjacent to 7-deazaguanine in duplex DNA (1991)

Several synthetic DNAs were prepared containing the unusual bases 7-deazaadenine (c7A) and 7-deazaguanine (c7G). As judged from changes in melting temperatures these modified DNAs bound ethidium to a similar extent as the parent polymers. However, duplexes such as poly [d(Tc7G)].poly[d(CA)] and poly[d-(TC)].poly[d(c7GA]) gave no enhancement of ethidium fluorescence in a standard ethidium fluorescence assay. Fluorescence spectra in the range 400-650 nm showed that ethidium bound to poly[d(TC)].poly[d(Gc7A)] gave 70% of the fluorescence of the parent polymer poly[d(TC)].poly[d(GA)], whereas the fluorescence of poly[d(TC)].poly[d(c7GA)] was essentially 0%. Even the intrinsic fluorescence of ethidium in solution was quenched in the presence of poly[d(TC)].poly[d(c7GA)]. Binding constants were estimated from Scatchard analysis and were 4.8, 3.4, and 2.0 x 10(6) M-1 for poly[d(TC)].poly[d(GA)], poly[d(TC)].poly[d(Gc7A)], and poly[d(TC)].poly[d(c7GA)], respectively. This reduction in binding constant cannot account for the loss of fluorescence. The UV spectrum of ethidium was measured in the presence of these DNAs, and some significant differences were noted. Presumably the presence of 7-deazaguanine alters the electronic structure of bound ethidium so that it can no longer fluoresce.
Accelerated single ray tracing for wide vector units (2017)

Utilizing the vector units of current processors for ray tracing single rays through Bounding Volume Hierarchies has been accomplished by increasing the branching factor of the acceleration structure to match the vector width. A high branching factor allows vectorized bounding box tests but requires a complex control flow for the calculation of a front-to-back traversal order. We propose a novel algorithm for single rays entirely based on vector operations that performs a complete traversal iteration in constant time, ideally suited for current and future micro architectures featuring wide vector units. In addition we use our single ray technique as a building block to construct a fast packet traversal for coherent rays. We validate our algorithms with implementations utilizing the AVX2 and AVX-512 instruction sets and demonstrate significant performance gains over state-of-the-art solutions.
Early-life programming of later-life brain and behavior: a critical role for the immune system (2009)

The immune system is well characterized for its critical role in host defense. Far beyond this limited role however, there is mounting evidence for the vital role the immune system plays within the brain, in both normal, "homeostatic" processes (e.g., sleep, metabolism, memory), as well as in pathology, when the dysregulation of immune molecules may occur. This recognition is especially critical in the area of brain development. Microglia and astrocytes, the primary immunocompetent cells of the CNS, are involved in every major aspect of brain development and function, including synaptogenesis, apoptosis, and angiogenesis. Cytokines such as tumor necrosis factor (TNF)alpha, interleukin [IL]-1beta, and IL-6 are produced by glia within the CNS, and are implicated in synaptic formation and scaling, long-term potentiation, and neurogenesis. Importantly, cytokines are involved in both injury and repair, and the conditions underlying these distinct outcomes are under intense investigation and debate. Evidence from both animal and human studies implicates the immune system in a number of disorders with known or suspected developmental origins, including schizophrenia, anxiety/depression, and cognitive dysfunction. We review the evidence that infection during the perinatal period of life acts as a vulnerability factor for later-life alterations in cytokine production, and marked changes in cognitive and affective behaviors throughout the remainder of the lifespan. We also discuss the hypothesis that long-term changes in brain glial cell function underlie this vulnerability.
On subsurface wireless data acquisition system (2005)

Measurement, evaluation, and monitoring of subsurface objects often require wireless data transmission between an embedded sensor and an exterior host system. Such technologies find applications in many areas-medical imaging, space exploration, earth formation evaluation in oilfield industries, for example. This paper describes a complete wireless data acquisition system that includes design of a transceiver unit, as well as communication protocols for data encoding and decoding. Although the application considered in this paper pertains to the oilfield industry, the method is applicable to other areas as well. The transceiver design is highly constrained due to requirements on physical size, mechanical stability, and low-power consumption. The host antenna generally consists of ferrite-backed coils wound on a metallic cylinder. A critical requirement in the design of these coils is to produce a desired spatial variation of the magnetic field in a specified region. A genetic algorithm is used to optimize the location and excitation of each coil. A combination of finite-element method and superposition principle is used to speed up the solution of forward problem. The data measured by an embedded sensor are encoded with seven-bit cyclic redundancy code concatenated with Manchester code for error detection/correction and bit synchronization. Coded data are finally transmitted by binary frequency-shift keying modulation scheme. Numerical and experimental results for magnetic field, signal-to-noise ratio, and data demodulation are presented.
ChemInform Abstract: THIENO(2,3‐D)PYRIMIDINES AS POTENTIAL CHEMOTHERAPEUTIC AGENTS. II (1982)

Abstract Zur Untersuchung auf chemotherapeutische und andere Wirkungen werden verschiedene Thienopyrimidine in der skizzierten Weise hergestellt.
Full Custom Design of a 8-bit Subranging Flash A/D Convertor (1993)

This paper describes the design of a Nonius Flash Analog to Digital Convertor for video-applications. The conversion is split up in two stages: the MSB and the LSB conversion stage. In the LSB conversion stage, the reference-voltage for the comparators is shifted up and down as a nonius of a vernier gauge, according to the MSB conversion obtained in the first half clock cycle. The MSB's and LSB's are simultaneously available at the output to make a 8-bit representation of the analog signal. Using the subranging mechanism, the number of comparators is reduced from 256 to 32 and the Nonius approach results in a very simple configuration for the subranging switches. The design has been simulated with HSPICE in ES2 1. 5 CMOS technology.
Biogenic Silver Nanoparticles Fabricated by <i>Euphorbia granulata</i> Forssk’s Extract: Investigating the Antimicrobial, Radical Scavenging, and Catalytic Activities (2022)

The plants of Euphorbiaceae have high medicinal values and their phytochemical composition plays a major role in metal ion reduction. In this research, Euphorbia granulata (EG) the “spurge family” plant extract was used to reduce silver ions to silver nanoparticles (AgNPs). This nanoparticle formation was observed by UV‐VIS spectrophotometric analysis at different times and temperatures to achieve the most optimal conditions. The synthesized biogenic silver nanoparticles (EG‐AgNPs) were subjected to FTIR studies. The obtained low‐intensity bands of fingerprint region bands (612 cm -1 ) and aromatic OH bands (3385 cm -1 ) are identified that the reduction of silver ions (Ag + ) into metallic silver (Ag 0 ) nanoparticles. Further, the charge, size, and morphology of the synthesized EG‐AgNPs were studied using various spectroscopic methods including powder X‐ray diffraction (XRD), high‐resolution scanning electron microscope (HRSEM), FESEM‐EDX elemental mapping, and high‐resolution transmission electron microscope (HRTEM). The notable efficacy of the EG‐AgNPs in antimicrobial activity including minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) suggested the EG‐AgNPs are noteworthy material for biomedical applications. EG‐AgNPs exhibited an efficient photocatalytic activity by degrading environmental pollutants, methylene blue (MB), and methyl orange (MO) dyes. The antioxidant property by radical scavenging (DPPH) assay of synthesized AgNPs was studied. Furthermore, the studied antioxidant behavior of EG‐AgNPs by DPPH assay strongly supports that the EG‐AgNPs are highly suitable materials for anticancer agents.
The Role of Bone Marrow Mesenchymal Stem Cell Derived Extracellular Vesicles (MSC-EVs) in Normal and Abnormal Hematopoiesis and Their Therapeutic Potential (2020)

Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) represent a heterogeneous cellular population responsible for the support, maintenance, and regulation of normal hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs). In many hematological malignancies, however, MSCs are deregulated and may create an inhibitory microenvironment able to induce the disease initiation and/or progression. MSCs secrete soluble factors including extracellular vesicles (EVs), which may influence the bone marrow (BM) microenvironment via paracrine mechanisms. MSC-derived EVs (MSC-EVs) may even mimic the effects of MSCs from which they originate. Therefore, MSC-EVs contribute to the BM homeostasis but may also display multiple roles in the induction and maintenance of abnormal hematopoiesis. Compared to MSCs, MSC-EVs have been considered a more promising tool for therapeutic purposes including the prevention and treatment of Graft Versus Host Disease (GVHD) following allogenic HSC transplantation (HSCT). There are, however, still unanswered questions such as the molecular and cellular mechanisms associated with the supportive effect of MSC-EVs, the impact of the isolation, purification, large-scale production, storage conditions, MSC source, and donor characteristics on MSC-EV biological effects as well as the optimal dose and safety for clinical usage. This review summarizes the role of MSC-EVs in normal and malignant hematopoiesis and their potential contribution in treating GVHD.
Bacterial census of poultry intestinal microbiome (2013)

The objective of this study was to generate a phylogenetic diversity census of bacteria identified in the intestinal tract of chickens and turkeys using a naïve analysis of all the curated 16S rRNA gene sequences archived in public databases. High-quality sequences of chicken and turkey gastrointestinal origin (3,184 and 1,345, respectively) were collected from the GenBank, Ribosomal Database Project, and Silva comprehensive ribosomal RNA database. Through phylogenetic and statistical analysis, 915 and 464 species-equivalent operational taxonomic units (defined at 0.03 phylogenetic distance) were found in the chicken and the turkey sequence collections, respectively. Of the 13 bacterial phyla identified in both bird species, Firmicutes, Bacteroidetes, and Proteobacteria were the largest phyla, accounting for >90% of all the sequences. The chicken sequences represent 117 established bacterial genera, and the turkey sequences represent 69 genera. The most predominant genera found in both the chicken and the turkey sequence data sets were Clostridium, Ruminococcus, Lactobacillus, and Bacteroides, but with different distribution between the 2 bird species. The estimated coverage of bacterial diversity of chicken and turkey reached 89 and 68% at species-equivalent and 93 and 73% at genus-equivalent levels, respectively. Less than 7,000 bacterial sequences from each bird species from various locations would be needed to reach 99% coverage for either bird species. Based on annotation of the sequence records, cecum was the most sampled gut segment. Chickens and turkeys were shown to have distinct intestinal microbiomes, sharing only 16% similarity at the species-equivalent level. Besides identifying gaps in knowledge on bacterial diversity in poultry gastrointestinal tract, the bacterial census generated in this study may serve as a framework for future studies and development of analytic tools.
Challenges to deliver 2D/3D content for multimedia applications in mobile environments (1998)

In the context of multimedia and hypermedia systems, the aspect of including mobile links to a stationary infrastructure and the use of mobile data terminals are gaining increasingly in importance. The current advancements of hardware, software, and telecommunications technology allow multimedia systems to be implemented in mobile environments. Nevertheless, in order to fully reach that goal and to meet the end-users&apos; expectations, specific limitations and usage scenarios of mobile environments have to be taken into consideration. This paper will give a definition of &quot;multimedia&quot; and will describe its major aspects completeness, integration, quality, and interaction which have to be taken into consideration by the implementation of a multimedia system. By using this approach it is possible to classify and to design multimedia applications, both from a technology centered as well as a human centered point of view. After presenting these aspects, a scheme for media represen...
15.1: A 0.9‐in UXGA/HDTV FLC Microdisplay (2000)

Abstract A 0.9‐in high resolution reflective microdisplay with 2.3 million pixels (UXGA/HDTV) has been developed. By a newly‐designed pixel driver circuit and a novel grayscale technique, one‐panel full color display with high grayscale and no color break‐up was realized.
CNS sites cooperate to detect duplicate subjects with a clinical trial subject registry. (2013)

The use of a clinical trial subject registry and cooperation between central nervous system trial sites can reduce the number of duplicate and professional subjects entering clinical trials. To be fully effective, a trial subject database could be integrated into protocols across pharmaceutical companies, thereby mandating site participation and increasing the likelihood that duplicate subjects will be removed before they enter (and negatively affect) clinical trials.
ChemInform Abstract: Phosphinic Acid Analogues of GABA. Part 1. New Potent and Selective GABAB Agonists. (1995)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Ovarian cancer G protein coupled receptor 1 suppresses cell migration of MCF7 breast cancer cells via a Gα<sub>12/13</sub>-Rho-Rac1 pathway (2013)

Our data suggest, for the first time, that OGR1 inhibits cell migration through a Gα12/13 -Rho-Rac1 signaling pathway in MCF7 cells. This pathway was not significantly affected by bioactive lipids and all the assays were conducted at constant pH, suggesting a constitutive activity of OGR1. This is the first clear delineation of an OGR1-mediated cell signaling pathway involved in migration.
Abstract data structure recognition (2002)

We present a framework for recognition of data structures in programs, to aid in design recovery. The framework consists of an intermediate representation and a knowledge base containing information about typical implementations of abstract data types. The framework is suited for recognition of data structures combined with their characteristic operations. Abstract data structures can be recognized partially, they can be recognized even if they are delocalized and different independent interpretations of the same structures can be generated.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Tricks and Tools for Solving Abnormal Combustion Noise Problems (2008)

Effective Methods for solving combustion noise problems in boilers are reviewed. System modeling and diagnostic testing procedures are presented as well. Part one of this two-part series was presented in the July 2004 issue of S&V.
Vemurafenib in Multiple Nonmelanoma Cancers with <i>BRAF</i> V600 Mutations (2015)

BRAF V600 appears to be a targetable oncogene in some, but not all, nonmelanoma cancers. Preliminary vemurafenib activity was observed in non-small-cell lung cancer and in Erdheim-Chester disease and Langerhans'-cell histiocytosis. The histologic context is an important determinant of response in BRAF V600-mutated cancers. (Funded by F. Hoffmann-La Roche/Genentech; ClinicalTrials.gov number, NCT01524978.).
ChemInform Abstract: ANTIMYCOTIC SUBSTANCES. XX. FLUORINATED 2‐(4‐TOLUIDINO)PYRIMIDINES (1985)

Abstract Antimykotische Wirkstoffe.
A high-swing complementary class-C VCO (2013)

This paper presents a high-swing VCO combining the efficiency of the class-C oscillator with that of the complementary PMOS-NMOS topology. Moreover, removing the traditional tail current source, the VCO exhibits an even larger swing, maximizing the phase noise performance. Designed in a 90nm CMOS process, the VCO operates between 3.3GHz and 4.4 GHz, for a 28% tuning range. Drawing 1.8mA from 1.2V, the phase noise is -142 dBc/Hz at a 10MHz offset from a 4.4GHz carrier. The resulting phase-noise FoM is 191.5 dBc/Hz and varies 1.5 dB across the tuning range.
Bubble Rise in Glassmelts (1982)

Bubble‐rise experiments in borate glassmelts were conducted in a transparent furnace at T =800° to 1000°C using video techniques to record and analyze the bubble rise. The results of these experiments over a range of Reynolds numbers from 10 −7 to 10° clearly indicate that the bubble motion is governed by the Rybezynski‐Hadamard equation and hence that the glassmelts are not subject to interfacial contamination.
Neurotrophins in bladder function: What do we know and where do we go from here? (2013)

Available data show that our knowledge of NTs has greatly increased in recent years and that some results may have future clinical application.
Treatment of Fulminant Hepatic Failure in Rats Using a Bioartificial Liver Device Containing Porcine Hepatocytes Producing Interleukin-1 Receptor Antagonist (2006)

Fulminant hepatic failure (FHF) is a serious clinical condition that is associated with high mortality. There is evidence that FHF is an inflammatory disease, which is supported clinically by elevated serum levels of cytokines. In an effort to develop hepatocytes with additional functions for use in our bioartificial liver (BAL) device, we focused on interleukin-1 (IL-1) blockade as a therapeutic modality. Primary porcine hepatocytes were isolated from the livers of miniature swine and then transfected with an adenoviral vector encoding human interleukin-1 receptor antagonist (AdIL-1Ra). The transfected hepatocytes secreted human IL-1Ra. These transfected hepatocytes were incorporated into a flat-plate BAL device to evaluate their efficacy in treating D-galactosamine (GalN)- induced FHF in a rat model. After extracorporeal perfusion with the BAL device containing the transfected hepatocytes, there were significant reductions in the plasma levels of hepatic enzymes (aspartate aminotransferase and alanine aminotransferase) and cytokines (IL-1 and IL-6), indicating a beneficial effect. Animal survival was significantly improved in the treated group compared to the control group. These experiments demonstrate that combining inflammatory cytokine blockade with a functional BAL device may be an effective therapeutic option in the treatment of FHF.
Microfabrication technologies for nanodevices (2017)

Many research groups both in academia and in industry are currently developing innovative nanoscale devices which could have a tremendous impact in the general areas of photonics and electronics. However techniques for fabricating these devices and nanostructures must be available in the form of production tools in order to find real applications. There are currently two major approaches under study as fabrication methods for nanodevices: these are microfabrication based techniques and molecular assembly techniques. The microfabrication approach, which is to be discussed here, is strongly based on the technology developed over the past decades for the fabrication of electronic devices and integrated circuits. The continued miniaturisation of these devices has far surpassed expectations for a technology developed initially for micrometer sized structures, and this approach now encompasses the fabrication of devices with dimensions well below 100 nm, even in production environments. There are also methods under study which do not yet meet industry standards in terms of, for example, throughput and repeatability, but which have shown significant promise. These include new techniques such as nano-imprint lithography, as well as established research tools such as electron beam lithography, which are becoming more and more relevant as equipment manufacturers such as Canon are now developing new types of production level tools.
Artificial neural network-based method for transient response prediction (1995)

The paper describes the application of an ANN-based approach to the prediction of the dynamic behaviour of a synchronous generator following a disturbance in a simple power system. Case data representing the oscillation in rotor angle caused by the disturbance is accumulated from offline simulation using an accurate digital model. Neural networks are trained to map this case data in relation to the initial operating conditions and details of the particular disturbance involved. The response of a one-machine, infinite-bus system is considered after the occurrence of a three-phase short circuit in one element of a double transmission line connecting the synchronous generator to the bus, and of a shock local load change. Numerical results comparing the predicted response using the ANN model with that obtained from direct use of the benchmark model are presented in terms of both accuracy and speed. These suggest that the ANN model might be used in conjunction with an online fault identification system in the study of transient stability or in the provision of information for predictive control. Because only very simple mathematical calculations are required once the neural networks have been trained, the computation time is very short in comparison with the direct use of numerical simulation.
Effects of nitric oxide on the HPA axis and aggression (2005)

We previously documented that male mice lacking the gene encoding the neuronal isoform of nitric oxide synthase (nNOS-/-) are more aggressive than wildtype (WT) mice in all standard testing paradigms. Testosterone is necessary, but not sufficient, to evoke the persistent aggression in these mutants. Deletion of the nNOS gene not only eliminates nNOS protein, but in common with many gene deletions, affects several 'down-stream' processes. For example, serotonin (5-HT) metabolism is altered in male nNOS-/- mice. Baseline corticosterone, but not ACTH, concentrations are also altered in the nNOS-/- mice. Despite elevated corticosterone concentrations, nNOS knockout mice are less 'anxious' or 'fearful' than WT mice, which may contribute to their aggressiveness. For example, male nNOS-/- mice spend more time in the open field than WT mice. Furthermore, nNOS knockout mice also show increased sensitivity to painful stimuli, which may also prolong aggressive interactions. Aggressive behaviour is not a unitary process, but is the result of complex interactions among several physiological, motivational, and behavioural systems, with contributions from the social and physical environment. The multiple, and often unanticipated, effects of targeted gene disruption on aggressive behaviour are discussed.
A methodology for concurrent fabrication process/cell library optimization (1996)

This paper presents a methodology for concurrently optimizing an IC fabrication process and a standard cell library in order to maximize overall yield. The approach uses the Concurrent Subspace Optimization (CSSO) algorithm, which has been developed for general coupled, multidisciplinary optimization problems. An example is provided showing the application of the algorithm to optimizing a mixed analog-digital library on a CMOS process.