gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Recent vaccine development for human metapneumovirus (2015)

Human metapneumovirus (hMPV) and respiratory syncytial virus, its close family member, are two major causes of lower respiratory tract infection in the paediatric population. hMPV is also a common cause of worldwide morbidity and mortality in immunocompromised patients and older adults. Repeated infections occur often, demonstrating a heavy medical burden. However, there is currently no hMPV-specific prevention treatment. This review focuses on the current literature on hMPV vaccine development. We believe that a better understanding of the role(s) of viral proteins in host responses might lead to efficient prophylactic vaccine development.
Calibration of optical particle-size analyzer. [DOE patent] (1979)

This invention related to a system for the calibration of an optical particle-size analyzer of the light-intercepting type for spherical particles, wherein a rotary wheel or disc is provided with radially-extending wires of differing diameters, each wire corresponding to a particular equivalent spherical particle diameter. These wires were passed at an appropriate frequency between the light source and the light detector of the analyzer. The reduction of light as received at the detector is a measure of the size of the wire, and the electronic signal may then be adjusted to provide the desired signal for corresponding spherical particles. This calibrator may be operated at any time without interrupting other processing.
A conversational dialogue system for cognitively overloaded users (2004)

Spoken dialogue interfaces are gaining increased acceptance in a wide range of applications. Most current examples of such systems, however, rely on using restricted language and scripted dialogue interactions. We argue that speech interfaces in highly stressed or cognitively overloaded domains, i.e. those involving a user concentrating on other tasks, call for more flexible dialogue with robust, wide-coverage language understanding. We describe an initial effort at addressing flexible and rich dialogue in a system with a number of features, such as full spoken language understanding, a multithreaded dialogue manager, dynamic update of information, and recognition of partial proper names.
Carbon Sorption Cryogenic Regenerator (1989)

Liquid-helium refrigerator includes regenerator filled with carbon sorbent made from Saran polyvinylidene chloride. Material results in lower operating temperatures and longer times between maintenance than comparable refrigerators containing other regenerators. Sorbent material machined to various configurations to fit inside cylindrical regenerator can. Configuration chosen with regard to heat capacity, pressure drop, and rate of sorption.
Design and Implementation of High Power Density Assisting Step-Up Converter With Integrated Battery Balancing Feature (2017)

This paper presents a novel step-up power converter architecture for portable applications with multicell battery packs that integrates battery cell balancing function. Compared to conventionally used boost converter, which is not providing cell balancing, the new architecture has smaller overall volume and approximately the same power processing efficiency. The step-up function is obtained using the assisting concept, where the flyback output is placed at the top of the battery pack and, therefore, is only processing a portion of the output power. As a result, high-power processing efficiency and small converter volume are achieved. The operation of the system is regulated by a digital controller that provides the two functions at the same time. Experimental results obtained with an 8-to-12 V, 20 W, 500 kHz prototype demonstrates that the assisting flyback simultaneously provide output voltage regulation and cell balancing. Operation of the converter during charging and discharging is demonstrated. Also, a conventional boost converter that has the same input-output specifications is built and tested for comparison. The results show that, compared to the equivalent boost which is the most commonly used converter in the targeted applications, the prototype has about 23% smaller overall volume and a comparable power processing efficiency curve with a peak efficiency of a 93.4%.
A Study on the Development of Model based SA Client Conformance Testing System (2012)

Substation Automation System is basically operating throughout communicative services among IEC 61850 based devices. So, minimum requirement in order to install the system in the substation is to verify server and client conformance. This study aims to develop IEC 61850 SA client conformance testing system for verifying the full communication conformance of the substation automation system and this paper describes the design and implementation of the testing system.
LiNbO3 thin-film optical waveguide grown by liquid phase epitaxy and its application to second-harmonic generation (1991)

LiNbO3 thin-film optical waveguides with high crystallinity and good surface morphology have been grown on 5 mol % MgO-doped Z-plate LiNbO3 substrates by liquid-phase epitaxy using Li2O-V2O5 flux. A small lattice mismatch less than 4×10−3 Å in the X axis, a small linewidth of 11s in an x-ray rocking curve, and a perfect mirror surface are realized by choosing a melt composition. Ordinary refractive index no at a wavelength of 0.6328 μm is unchanged (2.287) with melts of different compositions, but extraordinary refractive index ne can be changed from 2.205 to 2.192 or less by increasing Li2O in the melt with V2O5 fixed at 40 mol %. The optical absorption loss at a wavelength of 0.5145 μm caused by V incorporated from the flux is significantly reduced from 25 to 1.6 dB/cm by O3 annealing for 1 h at 600 °C. Efficient second-harmonic generation of TE0(1.064 μm) →TM0(0.532 μm) for a single-poled film is observed by a temperature-tuning method. The mechanism of self poling and domain inversion which were revealed by the present research is discussed.
Dodecyl-TPP Targets Mitochondria and Potently Eradicates Cancer Stem Cells (CSCs): Synergy With FDA-Approved Drugs and Natural Compounds (Vitamin C and Berberine) (2019)

Elevated mitochondrial biogenesis and/or metabolism are distinguishing features of cancer cells, as well as Cancer Stem Cells (CSCs), which are involved in tumor initiation, metastatic dissemination, and therapy resistance. In fact, mitochondria-impairing agents can be used to hamper CSCs maintenance and propagation, toward better control of neoplastic disease. Tri-Phenyl-Phosphonium (TPP)-based mitochondrially-targeted compounds are small non-toxic and biologically active molecules that are delivered to and accumulated within the mitochondria of living cells. Therefore, TPP-derivatives may represent potentially "powerful" candidates to block CSCs. Here, we evaluate the metabolic and biological effects induced by the TPP-derivative, termed Dodecyl-TPP (d-TPP) on breast cancer cells. By employing the 3D mammosphere assay in MCF-7 cells, we demonstrate that treatment with d-TPP dose-dependently inhibits the propagation of breast CSCs in suspension. Also, d-TPP targets adherent "bulk" cancer cells, by decreasing MCF-7 cell viability. The analysis of metabolic flux using Seahorse Xfe96 revealed that d-TPP potently inhibits the mitochondrial oxygen consumption rate (OCR), while simultaneously shifting cell metabolism toward glycolysis. Thereafter, we exploited this ATP depletion phenotype and strict metabolic dependency on glycolysis to eradicate the residual glycolytic CSC population, by using additional metabolic stressors. More specifically, we applied a combination strategy based on treatment with d-TPP, in the presence of a selected panel of natural and synthetic compounds, some of which are FDA-approved, that are known to behave as glycolysis (Vitamin C, 2-Deoxy-Glucose) and OXPHOS (Doxycyline, Niclosamide, Berberine) inhibitors. This two-hit scheme effectively decreased CSC propagation, at concentrations of d-TPP toxic only for cancer cells, but not for normal cells, as evidenced using normal human fibroblasts (hTERT-BJ1) as a reference point. Taken together, d-TPP halts CSCs propagation and targets "bulk" cancer cells, without eliciting the relevant undesirable off-target effects in normal cells. These observations pave the way for further exploring the potential of TPP-based derivatives in cancer therapy. Moreover, TPP-based compounds should be investigated for their potential to discriminate between "normal" and "malignant" mitochondria, suggesting that distinct biochemical, and metabolic changes in these organelles could precede specific normal or pathological phenotypes. Lastly, our data validate the manipulation of the energetic machinery as useful tool to eradicate CSCs.
Factors influencing root formation in dicots by <i>Agrobacterium rhizogenes</i> (1988)

Agrobacterium rhizogenes (Riker et al.) Conn genetically transforms the roots of many dicotyledonous plants, causing them to produce numerous functional secondary roots. The intentional inoculation of forest, nursery, or vegetable transplants with A. rhizogenes may have some value in promoting rapid establishment after transplanting. We examined some factors that may influence the development of roots in plants inoculated with A. rhizogenes (by the carrot disc assay). A pH near neutrality, a temperature of ca. 25 °C, and a freshly cut root surface serving as the inoculation site favoured root development. Roots that were inoculated and then stored at 10 °C did not produce secondary roots at that temperature. However, upon placement at 23 °C for 2 days new roots began to form. Octopine at 10 mM stimulated root production. Carrot roots stored for 9 months produced few if any roots upon inoculation with A. rhizogenes, suggesting the importance of tissue age in genetic transformation.
A Novel Inhibitor of STAT3 Homodimerization Selectively Suppresses STAT3 Activity and Malignant Transformation (2013)

STAT3-STAT3 dimerization, which involves reciprocal binding of the STAT3-SH2 domain to phosphorylated tyrosine-705 (Y-705), is required for STAT3 nuclear translocation, DNA binding, and transcriptional regulation of downstream target genes. Here, we describe a small molecule S3I-1757 capable of disrupting STAT3-STAT3 dimerization, activation, and malignant transforming activity. Fluorescence polarization assay and molecular modeling suggest that S3I-1757 interacts with the phospho-Y-705-binding site in the SH2 domain and displaces fluorescein-labeled GpYLPQTV phosphotyrosine peptide from binding to STAT3. We generated hemagglutinin (HA)-tagged STAT3 and FLAG-tagged STAT3 and showed using coimmunoprecipitation and colocalization studies that S3I-1757 inhibits STAT3 dimerization and STAT3-EGF receptor (EGFR) binding in intact cells. Treatment of human cancer cells with S3I-1757 (but not a closely related analog, S3I-1756, which does not inhibit STAT3 dimerization), inhibits selectively the phosphorylation of STAT3 over AKT1 and ERK1/2 (MAPK3/1), nuclear accumulation of P-Y705-STAT3, STAT3-DNA binding, and transcriptional activation and suppresses the expression levels of STAT3 target genes, such as Bcl-xL (BCL2L1), survivin (BIRC5), cyclin D1 (CCND1), and matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-9. Furthermore, S3I-1757, but not S3I-1756, inhibits anchorage-dependent and -independent growth, migration, and invasion of human cancer cells, which depend on STAT3. Finally, STAT3-C, a genetically engineered mutant of STAT3 that forms a constitutively dimerized STAT3, rescues cells from the effects of S3I-1757 inhibition. Thus, we have developed S3I-1757 as a STAT3-STAT3 dimerization inhibitor capable of blocking hyperactivated STAT3 and suppressing malignant transformation in human cancer cells that depend on STAT3.
On Structure Design for RBF Neural Network Based on Information Strength (2012)

摘要: 在系统研究前馈神经网络的基础上,针对径向基函数(Radial basis function, RBF) 网络的结构设计问题,提出一种弹性RBF神经网络结构优化设计方法. 利用隐含层神经元的输出信息(Output-information, OI)以及隐含层神经元与输出层神经元间的交互信息(Multi-information, MI)分析网络的连接强度, 以此判断增加或删除RBF神经网络隐含层神经元, 同时调整神经网络的拓扑结构,有效地解决了RBF神经网络结构设计问题; 利用梯度下降的参数修正算法保证了最终RBF网络的精度, 实现了神经网络的结构和参数自校正. 通过对典型非线性函数的逼近与污水处理过程关键水质参数建模, 结果证明了该弹性RBF具有良好的动态特征响应能力和逼近能力, 尤其是在训练速度、泛化能力、最终网络结构等方面较之最小资源神经网络(Minimal resource allocation net works, MRAN)、增长修剪RBF 神经网络(Generalized growing and pruning RBF, GGAP-RBF)和自组织RBF神经网络(Self-organizing RBF, SORBF)有较大的提高. 关键词: 弹性RBF神经网络 / 结构设计 / 非线性系统 / 动态特征响应
Prediction of wound healing in human diabetic foot ulcers by diffuse near-infrared spectroscopy: A pilot study (2010)

A human study was conducted in which the efficacy of in vivo diffuse near-infrared (NIR) spectroscopy was demonstrated in predicting wound healing in diabetic foot ulcers. Sixteen chronic diabetic wounds were followed and assessed for subsurface oxy-hemoglobin concentration using the NIR device. Weekly measurements were conducted until there was wound closure, limb amputation, or 20 completed visits without healing. Digital photography measured wound size, and the degree of wound contraction was compared with the NIR results. In the 16 patients followed, seven wounds healed, six limbs were amputated, and three wounds remained opened after 20 visits. The initial values in subsurface hemoglobin concentration in all wounds were higher than the nonwound control sites. Healed wounds showed a consistent reduction of hemoglobin concentration several weeks before closure that approached control site values. In wounds that did not heal or resulted in amputation of the limb, the hemoglobin concentration remained elevated. In some cases, these nonhealing wounds appeared to be improving clinically. A negative slope for the rate of change of hemoglobin concentration was indicative of healing across all wounds. In conclusion, evaluation of wounds using NIR may provide an effective measurement of wound healing. NIR spectroscopy can determine wound healing earlier than that visibly assessed by current clinical approaches.
Cladding Amplification of Very Large Area Modes in a Novel Double-Clad Fiber (2013)

We propose and investigate theoretically a new concept for single mode amplification in active double-clad fibers. We show that the guided fundamental mode field diameter can reach 80 μm with good modal discrimination.
Zero-latency tapping (2014)

A method of reducing the perceived latency of touch input by employing a model to predict touch events before the finger reaches the touch surface is proposed. A corpus of 3D finger movement data was collected, and used to develop a model capable of three granularities at different phases of movement: initial direction, final touch location, time of touchdown. The model is validated for target distances >= 25.5cm, and demonstrated to have a mean accuracy of 1.05cm 128ms before the user touches the screen. Preference study of different levels of latency reveals a strong preference for unperceived latency touchdown feedback. A form of 'soft' feedback, as well as other uses for this prediction to improve performance, is proposed.
Chiral ionic liquids: Synthesis and applications (2005)

Over the last ten years, interest and publications involving ionic liquids have expanded exponentially. Thus far, they have predominantly been used in organic synthesis and separations. However, their use is rapidly expanding into other areas of science and technology. Research involving chiral ionic liquids has been much more limited and only recently has come to the forefront. In this work, we review the synthesis of chiral ionic liquids and their use. Today, this is an area of research that is poised for rapid development and expansion.
A Functional Screening of Adenosine Analogues at the Adenosine A<sub>2B</sub>Receptor: A Search for Potent Agonists (1998)

Various adenosine analogues were tested at the adenosine A2B receptor. Agonist potencies were determined by measuring the cyclic AMP production in Chinese Hamster Ovary cells expressing human A2B receptors. 5'-N-Substituted carboxamidoadenosines were most potent. 5'-N-Ethylcarboxamidoadenosine (NECA) was most active with an EC50 value of 3.1 microM. Other ribose modified derivatives displayed low to negligible activity. Potency was reduced by substitution on the exocyclic amino function (N6) of the purine ring system. The most active N6-substituted derivative N6-methyl-NECA was 5 fold less potent than NECA. C8- and most C2-substituted analogues were virtually inactive. 1-Deaza-analogues had a reduced potency, 3- and 7-deazaanalogues were not active.
Ventricular rate smoothing for atrial fibrillation: a quantitative comparison study (2007)

The effect of VP on ventricular rhythm in AF depends on both intrinsic rate and the aggressiveness of the pacing protocol. Adequate rate control is necessary for effective operation of the VRS algorithm. Choosing VRS algorithm should balance between the beneficial effects of rate regularization and the negative effects of increasing heart rate and percentage of VP.
WE-B-BRA-05: Minimizing Radiation Dose in Stereoscopic X-Ray-Based Monitoring of Tumor Motion with the Effective Use of Partial Information (2010)

Purpose: A number of stereoscopic X-ray imaging techniques based on kV, hybrid kV/MV X-ray systems (with or without other auxiliary external surrogate devices such as RPM) have been proposed for real-time therapeutic guidance. The patient radiation exposure during the X-ray image guided procedure is a major concern. We propose a general strategy of minimizing the patient imaging dose by effective use of the partial system information and demonstrate its potential clinical utility. Methods: While the nature of partial information depends on the specific stereoscopic imaging system and application, in this work we use the information from the primary imagers to estimate the tumor position during IMRT and/or VMAT and switch on the second imager only when an over-threshold abnormal motion is observed. For a kV/MV system for example, the intrafraction tumor motion is monitored by two separate but related steps: (i) detect potential target motion beyond a pre-defined threshold by using MV images and (ii) confirm the displacement and determine whether an intervention is needed through combined MV-kV imaging. A Trilogy IX and a newly available Varian Trilogy MX linac with onboard kV imager were used to evaluate the performance of the strategy. The performance of the algorithm was evaluated for the case of prostate motion using computer simulation and 4D phantom measurements for 536 Calypso-measured tracks from 17 patients, and for the case of thoracic motion using Cyberknife lung data from 5 patients. Mean position tracking algorithms were used on the latter case. Results: Over-threshold displacement was detected for more than 98% of the time. The use of kV imaging was significantly reduced compared to continuous or periodic stereoscopic x-ray imaging. Conclusions: A “failure” detection strategy for prostrate and thoracic motion has been presented that achieves high targeting accuracy while minimizing radiation dose.
Reclamation with Recovery of Radionuclides and Toxic Metals from Contaminated Materials, Soils, and Wastes (1993)

A process has been developed at Brookhaven National Laboratory (BNL) for the removal of metals and radionuclides from contaminated materials, soils, and waste sites. In this process, citric acid, a naturally occurring organic complexing agent, is used to extract metals such as Ba, Cd, Cr, Ni, Zn, and radionuclides Co, Sr, Th, and U from solid wastes by formation of water soluble, metal-citrate complexes. Citric acid forms different types of complexes with the transition metals and actinides, and may involve formation of a bidentate, tridentate, binuclear, or polynuclear complex species. The extract containing radionuclide/metal complex is then subjected to microbiological degradation followed by photochemical degradation under aerobic conditions. Several metal citrate complexes are biodegraded, and the metals are recovered in a concentrated form with the bacterial biomass. Uranium forms binuclear complex with citric acid and is not biodegraded. The supernatant containing uranium citrate complex is separated and upon exposure to light, undergoes rapid degradation resulting in the formation of an insoluble, stable polymeric form of uranium. Uranium is recovered as a precipitate (polyuranate) in a concentrated form for recycling or for appropriate disposal. This treatment process, unlike others which use caustic reagents, does not create additional hazardous wastes for disposal and causes little damage to soil which can then be returned to normal use.
A control-based approach to indentation quantification in broadband and in-liquid nanomechanical measurement using atomic force microscope (2012)

This paper presents a new control-based approach to achieve accurate indentation quantification in broadband and in-liquid nanomechanical property measurements using atomic force microscope (AFM). Accurate indentation measurement is fundamental to probe-based material property characterization as the force applied and the indentation generated are the fundamental physical variables that must be measured accurately. Large measurement errors, however, occur when the measurement frequency range becomes large (i.e., broadband), or the indentation is measured in liquid environment. Such significant measurement errors are generated due to the inability of the conventional method to account for the convolution of the instrument dynamics with the viscoelastic response of the soft sample, and the distributive hydrodynamic force effects as well as thermal drifts when measuring indentation in liquid. We propose a control-based approach to address these challenges and overcome the limits of the conventional method. The proposed approach is demonstrated through experiments of measuring the indentation measurements on a polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) sample over a broadband of frequencies in air and with high-speed force load rate in liquid.
<title>Novel cylindrical illuminator tip for ultraviolet light delivery</title> (1993)

The design, processing, and sequential testing of a novel cylindrical diffusing optical fiber tip for ultraviolet light delivery is described. This device has been shown to uniformly (+/- 15%) illuminate angioplasty balloons, 20 mm in length, that are used in an experimental photochemotherapeutic treatment of swine intimal hyperplasia. Our experiments show that uniform diffusing tips of < 400 micron diameter can be reliably constructed for this and other interstitial applications. Modeling results indicate that this design is scalable to smaller diameters. The diffusing tips are made by stripping the protective buffer and etching away the cladding over a length of 20 mm from the fiber tip and replacing it with a thin layer of optical epoxy mixed with Al<SUB>2</SUB>O<SUB>3</SUB> powder. To improve the uniformity and ease of fabrication, we have evaluated a new device configuration where the tip is etched into a modified conical shape, and the distal end face is polished and then coated with an optically opaque epoxy. This is shown to uniformly scatter approximately 70% of the light launched into the fiber without forward transmission.
Micro-Holographic Storage and Threshold Holographic Recording Materials (2009)

This paper presents a new injection-molded holographic recording media with a threshold optical response that is specifically designed for single-bit holographic data storage. The concept of a threshold response in a holographic recording material is discussed and the benefits of such a material relative to standard linear materials are evaluated. Micro-holograms are recorded in the new material and the performance is compared to similar measurements in a linear material. The results show that the material has a threshold recording energy of approximately 1 µJ/pulse in a low-numerical-aperture (NA) test system, corresponding to 50 nJ/pulse in a high-NA system. In addition, the threshold material shows a 1000-fold improvement in continuous-wave (CW) read-out stability and a 25% reduction in hologram size as compared to the linear material.