gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
First Experimental Evaluation of Cardiac Apex Rotation with an Epicardial Coriolis Force Sensor (2005)

Cardiac apex rotation, quantified by sophisticated techniques (radiopaque markers and tagged magnetic resonance), has been shown to provide a sensitive index of left ventricle (LV) dynamics. The authors describe the first experimental assessment of cardiac apex rotation using a gyroscopic sensor based on Coriolis force, epicardially glued on the apex. Dynamics of apex rotation were evaluated in a sheep at baseline, after a positive inotropic drug infusion, and after impairment of cardiac function induced by coronary ligation. To evaluate the efficacy of the sensor to monitor cardiac function, results were compared to contractility variations expressed by the maximum value of the first derivative of LV pressure (LVdP/dtMAX). After inotropic drug infusion, a parallel increasing trend resulted for LVdP/dtMAX, for the maximum value of angular velocity measured by the sensor, and for apex rotation angle derived from velocity signal (+146%, +155%, and +11% from baseline, respectively), whereas a decreasing trend of all three parameters resulted after coronary ligation (-35%, -31%, and -65%). The twist pattern also was altered from baseline. These initial results suggest that the use of an implantable rotation sensor based on Coriolis force can be an efficient and effective tool to assess LV torsional deformation both in normal and failing hearts.
Precursor‐directed biosynthesis of stilbene methyl ethers in <i>Escherichia coli</i> (2007)

Stilbenes are bioactive compounds that show beneficial effects for humans, such as anti-tumor activity and survival improvement. Resveratrol, a representative of stilbenes and showing various health-improving activities, is rapidly metabolized in humans, and modified resveratrols are therefore desired as anti-cancer drugs and dietary polyphenols. An Escherichia coli system, in which an artificial stilbene biosynthetic pathway, including steps of phenylalanine ammonia-lyase, 4-coumarate:CoA ligase, and stilbene synthase, was reconstructed, produced stilbenes in high yields: resveratrol from tyrosine and pinosylvin from phenylalanine. To incorporate a stilbene methyltransferase gene into this E. coli system, cDNA of Os08g06100 in Oryza sativa was expressed and its O-methylating activity toward stilbenes was confirmed. Incorporation of the pinosylvin methyltransferase (OsPMT) gene into the pathway established in E. coli led to production of mono- and di-methylated stilbenes. Furthermore, the OsPMT gene turned out to be useful in production of unnatural stilbene methyl ethers due to its rather relaxed substrate specificity; various carboxylic acids supplemented as precursors, such as p-fluorocinnamic acid, 3-(2-furyl)acrylic acid, 3-(2-thienyl)acrylic acid, and 3-(3-pyridyl)acrylic acid, to the E. coli system carrying the steps of 4-coumarate:CoA ligase, stilbene synthase, and OsPMT were converted to stilbene dimethyl ethers with the corresponding carboxylic moiety.
<scp>H</scp>arold (2017)

Harold Godwineson (c. 1022–October 14, 1066), also known as Harold II, was the last Anglo‐Saxon king of England. Defeated at the battle of Hastings, Harold's death punctuated the Norman Conquest of 1066 and opened the way for a new ruling dynasty founded by William the Bastard, Duke of Normandy (William the Conqueror). Harold's death is memorialized in the Bayeux Tapestry, but despite this, numerous stories of his miraculous survival flourished in the years following the Conquest.
The Role of Dexmedetomidine (Precedex®) in the Sedation of Critically Ill Patients (2015)

Critically ill patients requiring mechan-ical ventilation frequently need sedatives and analgesics to facilitate their care. Inappropriate sedative use in the
Cyclic Peptides from the Loop Region of the Laminin α4 Chain LG4 Module Show Enhanced Biological Activity over Linear Peptides (2004)

Laminins, heterotrimeric glycoproteins in the basement membrane, are involved in diverse biological activities. So far, five alpha, three beta, and three gamma chains have been identified, and at least 15 laminin isoforms exist composed of various combinations of the different three chains. The major cell-surface receptors for laminins are integrins and proteoglycans, such as dystroglycans and syndecans. Previously, we reported that synthetic peptide A4G82 (TLFLAHGRLVFM, mouse laminin alpha4 chain residues 1514-1525) showed strong cell attachment and syndecan binding activities. On the basis of the crystal structure of the LG module and sequence alignment, A4G82 is located in the connecting loop region between beta-strands E and F in the laminin alpha4 chain LG4 module. Here, we have focused on the structural importance of this E-F loop region for the biological activity of the alpha4 chain LG4 module. To determine the importance of the loop structure, we synthesized peptide A4G82X (cyclo-A4G82X, Cys-TLFLAHGRLVFX-Cys, X= norleucine), which was cyclized via disulfide bridges at both the N- and C-termini. The cyclic peptides derived from A4G82X inhibited the heparin binding activity of the alpha4 chain G domain and promoted HT-1080 cell attachment better than the corresponding linear peptides. We determined FLAHGRLVFX as a minimal sequence of cyclo-A4G82X important for cell adhesion and heparin binding using a series of truncated peptides. Moreover, HT-1080 cell attachment to the cyclic peptides was more efficiently blocked by heparin than cell attachment to the linear peptides. Furthermore, the cyclic peptides showed significantly enhanced syndecan-2-mediated cell attachment activity. These results indicate that the activity of A4G82 is highly conformation-dependent, suggesting that the E-F loop structure is crucial for its biological activity.
Post‐translational modifications regulate signalling by Ror1 (2011)

Our data show that Ror1 undergoes complex post-translational modifications by glycosylation and mono-ubiquitination. These modifications regulate Ror1 localization and signalling, and are highly variable among individual CLL patients. These may suggest that Ror1 signals only in a subset of CLL patients despite Ror1 levels are ubiquitously high in all CLL patients.
Optimal finite-aperture filters with maximum efficiency (1992)

A new technique for improving the frequency response of optical filters is described. The technique applies to a wide class of finite-aperture filters, including Bragg-reflector filters, multiplexers, and digital filters. The optimum (mimimax) design that approximates the desired frequency response with the greatest efficiency is derived. Our design is, in general, simpler and more efficient than the well-known Chebyshev approximation in the theory of digital filters. Here we solve the general mimimax problem and treat a special case (a linear filter). Application of our theory to Bragg-reflector filters is given in a forthcoming paper.
Crystal structure of di(2,2'-bipyridine)di[µ-(2-furancarboxylato-O,O')- µ-(2-furancarboxylato-O,O':O')]di(nitrato)disamarium(III), Sm2(NO3)2(C5H3O3)4(C10H8N2)2 (2003)

Abstract C 20 H 14 N 3 O 9 Sm, triclinic, P 1 (No. 2), a = 9.981(4) Å, b = 10.266(5) Å, c = 11.082(5) Å, α = 85.556(8)°, β = 75.913(8)°, γ = 70.087(7)°, V = 1035.5 Å 3 , Z = 2, R gt (F) = 0.029, wR ref (F 2 ) = 0.070, T = 293 K.
Biodegradation of poly (ε-caprolactone) (PCL) film and foam plastic by Pseudozyma japonica sp. nov., a novel cutinolytic ustilaginomycetous yeast species (2013)

Aliphatic polyesters poly (ε-caprolactone) (PCL) and foam plastic have been shown to be biodegradable by microorganisms, which possess cutinolytic enzymes. Pseudozyma japonica-Y7-09, showed both high growth and enzyme activity on Yeast malt (YM) medium fed with PCL film than on YM medium. The hydrolytic enzyme activity of the culture on p-nitrophenyl butyrate indicated the occurrence of cutinase enzyme. This activity was confirmed by the degradation of PCL film which reached to the maximum (93.33 %) at 15 days and the degradation of foam plastic which reached 43.2 % at 30 days. These results suggest that the extracellular cutinase enzyme of Pseudozyma japonica-Y7-09 may be useful for the biological degradation of plastic wastes.
Controlling shoulder impedance in a rehabilitation arm exoskeleton (2008)

A control methodology is developed for modulating shoulder impedance in an arm exoskeleton during physical therapy. Setting the remote center of compliance at the shoulder will allow the exoskeleton to enact resistance training protocols that strengthen the rotator cuff and other joint musculature supporting the shoulder complex. The rotational kinematics for the shoulder are first derived, and then the torques applied at the shoulder are estimated using force sensors placed at the hand and elbow interfaces. Impedance and admittance control schemes are both developed for realizing isolateral strengthening exercises, and some preliminary experimental results are presented for implementation on an arm exoskeleton currently under development.
Imaging of the Developing Brain (2008)

The human brain undergoes changes in morphology, volume, composition and function during brain maturation. Of the various available medical imaging investigations, ultrasound and MRI are most commonly used for assessing the developing brain. Being radiation-free and non-invasive, both imaging modalities allow in vivo serial examinations of the brain during maturation without health risks. In addition, MRI has the benefit of demonstrating certain functional aspects of the brain aside from examining morphology, further adding to the knowledge of brain development. This paper reviews the current main imaging investigations used for assessing the developing human brain, from the fetal stages to childhood.
Nanoparticle formation by using shellac and chitosan for a protein delivery system (2012)

The potential of using two natural polymers (chitosan and shellac) for the formation of nanoparticles by the process of ionic cross-linking to encapsulate bovine serum albumin, a model protein was investigated. Depending on the concentrations of chitosan, shellac and bovine serum albumin, three physical states - nanoparticle, aggregation, and solution could be observed as a result of the electrostatic force. The formation of nanoparticles was due to the balance between the repulsion force and attractive force while the imbalance between both forces resulted in the formation of aggregation and solution. The Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and differential scanning calorimetry were applied to prove the nanoparticle formation. The particle size was characterized by the light scattering technique and was found in the range between 100 and 300 nm. The morphology of the particles, detected by transmission electron microscopy was spherical shape. The result showed that the zeta potential of the nanoparticles possessed positive charges. The concentrations of chitosan, shellac and bovine serum albumin had an influence on the physicochemical properties of the nanoparticles such as the particle size, the zeta potential, the encapsulation, the loading efficiencies and the cumulative release. Therefore, chitosan and shellac could be used to form nanoparticles for protein delivery by the ionic cross-linking method.
Childhood Obesity and a Diabetes Epidemic (2002)

Childhood obesity has reached epidemic proportions; worldwide, approximately 22 million children under five years of age are overweight.1 During the past three decades, the number of overweight children in the Unites States has more than doubled. In 1983, 18.6 percent of preschool children in the United States were defined as overweight, and 8.5 percent were defined as obese; by 2000, 22.0 percent of preschool children were overweight and 10.0 percent were obese.1 Data from the National Longitudinal Survey of Youth indicate that the prevalence of overweight has increased by 21.5 percent among non-Hispanic black children, 21.8 percent among Hispanic children, . . .
Stromal cell–derived factor-1α/CXCL12–induced chemotaxis of T cells involves activation of the RasGAP-associated docking protein p62Dok-1 (2004)

Events mediating stromal cell-derived factor-1 (SDF-1alpha/CXCL12) chemotaxis of lymphocytes are not completely known. We evaluated intracellular signaling through RasGAP-associated protein p62Dok-1 (downstream of tyrosine kinase [Dok-1]) and associated proteins. SDF-1alpha/CXCL12 stimulated Dok-1 tyrosine phosphorylation and association with RasGAP, adaptor protein p46Nck, and Crk-L in Jurkat T cells. The phosphorylation of Dok-1 was blocked by pretreatment of cells with the src kinase inhibitor PP2. Src kinase family member Lck was implicated. SDF-1alpha/CXCL12 did not phosphorylate Dok-1 in J.CaM1.6 cells, a Jurkat derivative not expressing Lck, but did phosphorylate Dok-1 in J.CaM1.6 cells expressing Lck. SDF-1alpha/CXCL12 induced the tyrosine phosphorylation of Pyk2 and the association of Pyk2 with zeta chain-associated protein-70 kilodaltons (Zap-70) and Vav. SDF-1alpha/CXCL12 enhanced the association of RasGAP with Pyk2. CXCR4-expressing NIH3T3 and Baf3 cells transfected with full-length Dok-1 cDNA were suppressed in their responses to SDF-1alpha/CXCL12-induced chemotaxis; mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinase activity was also decreased. Chemotaxis to SDF-1/CXCL12 was significantly enhanced in Dok-1(-/-) CD4+ and CD8+ splenic T cells. These results implicate Dok-1, Nck, Crk-L, and Src kinases-especially Lck, Pyk2, Zap-70, Vav, and Ras-GAP-in intracellular signaling by SDF-1alpha/CXCL12, and they suggest that Dok-1 plays an important role in SDF-1alpha/CXCL12-induced chemotaxis in T cells.
Lack of nuclear RB protein staining in G0/middle G1 cells: correlation to changes in total RB protein level. (1991)

Functional loss of the retinoblastoma (RB) gene has been implicated in a diverse group of human malignancies. The potential clinical importance of such loss demands a reproducible RB cell staining method to distinguish RB+ from RB- tumors. We report that normal and known RB+ tumor cells either in culture or in vivo display a mosaic RB staining pattern with variable proportions of cells having unstained nuclei which are indistinguishable from truly RB- tumor cells. We also show that the apparent lack of nuclear staining corresponds to RB+ cells which are in the G0 or middle G1 phase, where as much as 10-fold decrease in total cellular RB protein occurs compared to their G2/M phase counterparts. These findings not only provide new clues to RB protein function in cell growth and differentiation, but also need to be considered when evaluating the RB status in primary malignancies for its role in tumor initiation/progression or as a prognostic parameter.
Tone Mapping for HDR Image using Optimization A New Closed Form Solution (2006)

This work studies an optimization approach for designing tone reproduction curve (TRC) based tone mapping operators for the display of high dynamic range (HDR) images in low dynamic range (LDR) reproduction media. Previous work has shown that the tone mapping problem can formulated as that of optimizing a two-term cost function where adjusting the relative weightings of the two terms allows users to interactively control the appearance of the output image. However, only heuristic solutions to the tone mapping objective function have been found in past research. The main contribution of this paper is the re-formulation of the objective function to allow the introduction of a closed-form solution to the two-term tone mapping objective function. The new solution has simplified previous heuristic solutions and made this approach mathematically more elegant, computationally faster and practically easier to implement.
High-throughput analysis of immunoglobulin G glycosylation (2016)

This review focuses on currently used high-throughput approaches for N-glycosylation analysis of IgG, as well as some recent advances in the areas of deglycosylation, trypsin digestion, labeling, purification, derivatization and automation of current workflows. Relevant literature was searched using the PubMed database. Expert commentary: Development, optimization and validation of robust, affordable and simple high-throughput glycosylation analysis methods is essential for discovery and validation of diagnostic and prognostic glycan biomarkers. Although significant advances in glycosylation analysis have been made in recent years, currently used protocols will have to be further optimized to enable subsequent analysis of glycosylation on all levels with the limited initial sample and in the minimal amount of time, which is still a challenging task.
Role of IFN-g in induction of Foxp3 and conversion of CD4+CD25- T cells to CD4+ Tregs (2006)

IFN-gamma is an important Th1 proinflammatory cytokine and has a paradoxical effect on EAE in which disease susceptibility is unexpectedly heightened in IFN-gamma-deficient mice. In this study, we provide what we believe is new evidence indicating that IFN-gamma is critically required for the conversion of CD4+ CD25- T cells to CD4+ Tregs during EAE. In our study, the added severity of EAE in IFN-gamma knockout mice was directly associated with altered encephalitogenic T cell responses, which correlated with reduced frequency and function of CD4+ CD25+ Foxp3+ Tregs when compared with those of WT mice. It was demonstrated in both human and mouse systems that in vitro IFN-gamma treatment of CD4+ CD25- T cells led to conversion of CD4+ Tregs as characterized by increased expression of Foxp3 and enhanced regulatory function. Mouse CD4+ CD25- T cells, when treated in vitro with IFN-gamma, acquired marked regulatory properties as evidenced by suppression of EAE by adoptive transfer. These findings have important implications for the understanding of the complex role of IFN-gamma in both induction and self regulation of inflammatory processes.
Research on Control Method of Double-Mode Inverter with Grid-Connection and Stand-Alone (2006)

Inverter system, as the interface device between the renewable energy system and grid, plays an important role in the distributed generation system. A double-mode single-phase inverter system, which can be operated in grid-connected mode or stand-alone mode with seamless transitions control, is proposed in this paper. The different control strategies applied on the system for the different modes are designed. In the grid-connected mode, the grid governs the load voltage, the inverter operates as a current source, and the grid current is directly controlled by a three-level hysteresis controller for faster dynamic responsibility and lower current ripple. In the stand-alone mode, the inverter is voltage-controlled, fuzzy controller with parameter self-adapting on-line is introduced to improve the system adaptability to the varieties of load and system parameters, so good quality of output sine-voltage can be obtained under various load conditions. In order to make the distributed generation utility-interactive, an algorithm, which controls the inverter to transfer seamlessly between grid-connected mode and stand-alone mode, is present. The DSP (TMS320LF2407A) based inverter prototype is developed to verify the analysis
A Low Cost Network-on-Chip with Guaranteed Service Well Suited to the GALS Approach (2006)

The paper presents the DSPIN micro-network, that is an evolution of the SPIN architecture. DSPIN is a scalable packet switching micro-network dedicated to GALS (globally asynchronous, locally synchronous) clustered, multi-processors, systems on chip. The DSPIN architecture has a very small footprint and provides to the system designer both guaranteed latency, and guaranteed throughput services for real-time applications
Dense Variational Reconstruction of Non-rigid Surfaces from Monocular Video (2013)

This paper offers the first variational approach to the problem of dense 3D reconstruction of non-rigid surfaces from a monocular video sequence. We formulate non-rigid structure from motion (nrsfm) as a global variational energy minimization problem to estimate dense low-rank smooth 3D shapes for every frame along with the camera motion matrices, given dense 2D correspondences. Unlike traditional factorization based approaches to nrsfm, which model the low-rank non-rigid shape using a fixed number of basis shapes and corresponding coefficients, we minimize the rank of the matrix of time-varying shapes directly via trace norm minimization. In conjunction with this low-rank constraint, we use an edge preserving total-variation regularization term to obtain spatially smooth shapes for every frame. Thanks to proximal splitting techniques the optimization problem can be decomposed into many point-wise sub-problems and simple linear systems which can be easily solved on GPU hardware. We show results on real sequences of different objects (face, torso, beating heart) where, despite challenges in tracking, illumination changes and occlusions, our method reconstructs highly deforming smooth surfaces densely and accurately directly from video, without the need for any prior models or shape templates.
Variational Inference based on Robust Divergences (2017)

Robustness to outliers is a central issue in real-world machine learning applications. While replacing a model to a heavy-tailed one (e.g., from Gaussian to Student-t) is a standard approach for robustification, it can only be applied to simple models. In this paper, based on Zellner's optimization and variational formulation of Bayesian inference, we propose an outlier-robust pseudo-Bayesian variational method by replacing the Kullback-Leibler divergence used for data fitting to a robust divergence such as the beta- and gamma-divergences. An advantage of our approach is that superior but complex models such as deep networks can also be handled. We theoretically prove that, for deep networks with ReLU activation functions, the \emph{influence function} in our proposed method is bounded, while it is unbounded in the ordinary variational inference. This implies that our proposed method is robust to both of input and output outliers, while the ordinary variational method is not. We experimentally demonstrate that our robust variational method outperforms ordinary variational inference in regression and classification with deep networks.
Detection of a novel human coronavirus by real-time reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction (2012)

We present two real-time reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction assays for a novel human coronavirus (CoV), targeting regions upstream of the E gene (upE) or within open reading frame (ORF)1b, respectively. Sensitivity for upE is 3.4 copies per reaction (95% confidence interval (CI): 2.5–6.9 copies) or 291 copies/mL of sample. No cross-reactivity was observed with coronaviruses OC43, NL63, 229E, SARS-CoV, nor with 92 clinical specimens containing common human respiratory viruses. We recommend using upE for screening and ORF1b for confirmation.
The Role of HPLC and LC-MS in the Separation and Characterization of Coal Liquefaction Products (1978)

In the evaluation of coal liquefaction products as a source for fuel or petrochemical feedstocks, characterization is of major importance. By utilizing high performance liquid chromatography as a separations tool coupled with quadrupole mass spectrometry as an identification tool, great strides can be made in functional group and component analysis.