gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
The latest YAG laser welding system – Development of hybrid yag laser welding technology (1997)

We, authors, have put the YAG laser of the kW class to practical use for repair welding of nuclear power plant steam generator heat exchanger tubes, all-position welding of pipings, etc. Further, we are now trying to put the YAG laser welding to practical use for various applications. This paper describes a variety of hybrid YAG laser welding systems developed for application to various products. These techniques are composed of power increase of the YAG laser, composition of the continuous and pulse oscillation beams, the beam composition technique from a number of optical fibers to one fiber, the twin beam welding, welding with the filler wire coaxial to the optical axis, and the TIG-YAG welding technique coaxial to the optical axis.
Randomized phase II trial of neoadjuvant vs. adjuvant docetaxel plus cisplatin in patients with locally advanced gastric carcinoma: An interim analysis (2006)

4030 Background: The perioperative treatment strategy for locally advanced gastric cancer (LAGC) has not been clearly established. We conducted a randomized phase II study of neoadjuvant vs. adjuvant docetaxel/cisplatin (DC) chemotherapy in LAGC. Methods: LAGC was radiographically defined by CT and PET. Pts were randomized to receive neoadjuvant or adjuvant DC (docetaxel 36 mg/m 2 + cisplatin 40 mg/m 2 on D1, D8, q 3 wks X 3 cycles) according Japanese staging system (IIIa, IIIb, IV M-, and IV with a single M+ node). Results: All planned 88 pts in 44 per each arm were enrolled between Jan 2003 and Nov 2005. One pt was not eligible. The median age was 57 yrs vs. 58 yrs, PS 1 90.7% vs. 84.1%, and stage III/IV 72.1%/27.9% vs. 70.5%/29.5% in the neoadjuvant and adjuvant arm, respectively. Clinical response rate of 42 evaluable pts in neoadjuvant arm according to WHO criteria was 64.3% (95% CI 49.8–78.8%) with CR 2.4%, PR 61.9%, SD 31.0%, and PD 4.7%. There was no treatment related death. Comparison of G3/4 adverse events in neoadjuvant vs. adjuvant arm were; leukopenia 14.0% vs. 32.4% (p=0.04), neutropenia 37.2% vs. 62.2% (p=0.02), febrile neutropenia 0% vs. 2.7%, diarrhea 2.3% vs. 10.8%, stomatitis 2.3% vs. 8.1% (p=NS). There were no difference in the postoperative morbidity and the duration of hospital stay between both arms, but surgery was delayed in one pt who developed tuberculosis during neoadjuvant chemotherapy. Downstaging of the T stage could be obtained in 6 (14.3%) among 42 evaluable pts in neoadjuvant arm, according to EUS. Conclusions: Both neoadjuvant and adjuvant DC chemotherapy were relatively well tolerated in LAGC, with the lower incidence of G3/4 toxicities in neoadjuvant arm. Neoadjuvant DC showed a high response rate and a modest downstaging effect. (Supported by National Cancer Center Grant; Docetaxel was provided by Sanofi Aventis Korea) [Table: see text] No significant financial relationships to disclose.
Surgery of the oesophagus (1988)

Part 1 History: perspectives in the development of oesophageal surgery. Part 2 Anatomy, physiology and pathophysiology. Part 3 Diagnosis: radiology CT scanning endoscopy. Part 4 Anaesthesia: pre- and post-operative care. Part 5 Hiatus hernia. Part 6 Gastro-oesophageal reflux. Part 7 Oesophageal injury. Part 8 The upper oesophageal sphincter and related areas. Part 9 Motility disorders of the oesophagus. Part 10 Surgery of the oesophagus in children. Part 11 Cancer of the oesophagus. Part 12 Techniques in oesophageal surgery: oesophageal resection oesophageal anastomosis oesophageal bypass oesophagomyotomy intubation of the oesophagus. Part 13 Management of the complications of surgery on the oesophagus. Part 14 Miscellaneous conditions: cysts and duplications of the oesophagus benign tumours mediastinal fibrosis vascular abnormalities.
Traditional uses, phytochemistry and pharmacology of Bauhinia racemosa Lam (2015)

Bahunia racemosa family, Caesalpiniaceae, is one of the precious resources of the earth. It has played a significant role in human civilization since ancient times. It is tall sized tree growing throughout India, Ceylon, China, and Timor. The different part of this plant contains b-sitosterol and b-amyrin, flavonols (kaempferol and quercetin) and two coumarins (scopoletin and scopolin), tannins etc. Various part of this plant has great pharmacological potential with a great utility and usage as folklore medicine as amedicine, antipyretic, anti-inflammatory, antispasmodic and antimicrobial activity. This review mainly focus on the exclusive review work on the traditional, phytochemical and pharmacological activities of this plant.
Building and codifying a psychological engineering scale for young archery players in Baghdad clubs (2023)

Sports psychology is a broad world as long as it is concerned with studying the psychological variables of athletes and studying their behavior to reach the highest levels and achieve the best achievements among athletes. Good physical and psychological preparation fulfills the ambitions of players and coaches alike. In this study, the researcher wanted to shed light on psychological engineering among modern psychological topics in the field. Sports, especially young archery players, Baghdad clubs, the research aimed to build a measure of psychological programming within the codification of the requirements of this measure for archery players. The aim of the study was to build and codify a measure of psychological engineering for archery players from among the sample members for this event of young people, numbering (20) players out of a total of (30) players representing the community of origin. The research hypothesized that there is a relationship between the scores on the scale tests for the sample members and also the level of standard scores among the sample members, the researchers reached the conclusions of the scale that was built among the sample members in the psychological engineering of the archery players from the sample members, and the levels were also distributed to varying degrees among the psychological engineering scale, as the researcher recommended taking advantage of the scale in the results of the research by guiding specialists and trainers because of its importance in tournaments and performance of training tasks for sample members of archery players.
Expression of the Programmed Death Ligand 1, B7-H1, on Gastric Epithelial Cells after<i>Helicobacter pylori</i>Exposure Promotes Development of CD4<sup>+</sup>CD25<sup>+</sup>FoxP3<sup>+</sup>Regulatory T Cells (2007)

During Helicobacter pylori infection, T cells are recruited to the gastric mucosa, but the host T-cell response is not sufficient to clear the infection. Some of the recruited T cells respond in a polarized manner to a Th1 response, while others become anergic. We have previously shown that T-cell anergy may be induced during infection by the interaction of T cells with B7-H1, which is up-regulated on the gastric epithelium during H. pylori infection. Recently, regulatory T (Treg) cells with a CD4(+) CD25(high) FoxP3(+) phenotype were found at an increased frequency in the gastric mucosa of biopsy specimens from H. pylori-infected patients. While Treg cells are important in maintaining tolerance, they can also suppress immune responses during infection. In this study, we examined the induction of the Treg phenotype when naïve T cells were incubated with gastric epithelial cells exposed to H. pylori. The frequency of this phenotype was markedly decreased when B7-H1 was blocked with monoclonal antibodies or its expression was blocked with small interfering RNA. The functional role of these Treg cells was assessed in proliferation assays when the cells were cocultured with activated T cells, which effectively decreased proliferation of the cells.
Cutting-edge multi-level analytical and structural characterization of antibody-drug conjugates: present and future (2019)

The development and optimization of antibody drug conjugates (ADCs) rely on improving their analytical and bioanalytical characterization, by assessing critical quality attributes (CQAs). Among the CQAs, the glycoprofile, drug load distribution (DLD), the amount of unconjugated antibody (D0), the average drug-to-antibody ratio (DAR), the drug conjugation sites and the residual drug-linker and related product proportions (SMDs) in addition to high and low molecular weight species (H/LMWS), and charge variants are the most important ones. Areas covered: The analytical and structural toolbox for the characterization of 1<sup>st</sup>, 2<sup>d</sup> and 3<sup>d</sup> generation ADCs was significantly extended in the last 3 years. Here, we reviewed state-of-the-art techniques, such as liquid chromatography, high resolution native and ion mobility mass spectrometry, multidimensional liquid chromatography and capillary electrophoresis hyphenated to mass spectrometry, reported mainly since 2016. Expert commentary: These emerging techniques allow a deep insight into important CQAs that are related to ADC Chemistry Manufacturing and Control (CMC) as well as an improved understanding of in vitro and in vivo ADC biotransformations. This knowledge and the development of quantitative bioanalytical assays will continue to contribute to early-developability assessment for the optimization of all the ADC components (i.e. antibody, drug, and linker) and help to bring next-generation ADCs into late clinical development and to the market.
EOMM: An Engagement Optimized Matchmaking Framework (2017)

Matchmaking connects multiple players to participate in online player-versus-player games. Current matchmaking systems depend on a single core strategy: create fair games at all times. These systems pair similarly skilled players on the assumption that a fair game is best player experience. We will demonstrate, however, that this intuitive assumption sometimes fails and that matchmaking based on fairness is not optimal for engagement. In this paper, we propose an Engagement Optimized Matchmaking (EOMM) framework that maximizes overall player engagement. We prove that equal-skill based matchmaking is a special case of EOMM on a highly simplified assumption that rarely holds in reality. Our simulation on real data from a popular game made by Electronic Arts, Inc. (EA) supports our theoretical results, showing significant improvement in enhancing player engagement compared to existing matchmaking methods.
Orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing radar signal design with optimised ambiguity function and low peak-to-average power ratio (2009)

Considering the important role of the ambiguity function (AF) of a signal regarding the performance of a matched filter bank for the detection of targets and the estimation of their ranges and velocities, the thumbtack shape is assumed to be the desirable shape of the AF and the method of least squares for the synthesis of the AF is introduced. Then, an iterative method for the allocation of a proper phase to the desired AF is proposed to obtain better results. This method is then applied to select the proper codes for the synthesis of pulsed orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing signals. It is also shown how this method can reduce sidelobes, almost uniformly, throughout the entire ambiguity plane. Finally, an efficient algorithm is presented, which modifies the produced codes in order to reach a lower peak-to-average power ratio suitable for transmission.
The Air Spacer Technology for Improving the Cell Distribution in 1 Giga Bit NAND Flash Memory (2006)

Recently the cell integration density of NAND flash memory increases rapidly due to its simple structure suitable for high resolution lithography. However as the cell integration density increases, NAND flash memory cell shows the problem of increased parasitic capacitance between the cells. The problems are generated by the floating-gate interference during cell operation. In order to reduce the floating gate interference, it is necessary to adopt low-k dielectric material. In this work, we would like to propose the air spacer which has the lowest dielectric constant. We applied the air spacer technology on poly-Si/W six stack gate of 90 nm design-rule NAND flash device for the first time, which improved the cell operation characteristics
A superconducting gravity gradiometer for measurements from a moving vehicle (2011)

A gravity gradiometer designed for operation on an aircraft or ship has been tested in the laboratory. A noise level of 0.53 E (E ≡ 10(-9) s(-2)) rms over a 0.001 to 1 Hz bandwidth has been measured, and the primary error mechanisms have been analyzed and quantified. The design is a continuation in the development of superconducting accelerometer technology at the University of Maryland over more than three decades. A cryogenic instrument presents not only the benefit of reduced thermal noise, but also, the extraordinary stability of superconducting circuits and material properties at very low temperatures. This stability allows precise matching of scale factors and accurate rejection of dynamic errors. The design of the instrument incorporates a number of additional features that further enhance performance in a dynamically noisy environment.
Orange Organic Long-persistent Luminescence from an Electron Donor/Acceptor Binary System (2019)

Organic long-persistent luminescence (LPL) materials can overcome the disadvantages of inorganic LPL materials in terms of element sustainability, processability, and color tunability. However, all published electron donor/acceptor binary organic LPL systems show green emission. Here, we report an organic LPL system consisting of N,N,N′,N′-tetrakis(p-diisobutylaminophenyl)-p-phenylenediamine (TBAPD) as a donor dopant and 2,8-bis(diphenylphosphoryl)dibenzo[b,d]thiophene (PPT) as an acceptor host. The TBAPD/PPT film exhibits orange photoluminescence (CIEx, CIEy = 0.49, 0.49) and LPL (CIEx, CIEy = 0.51, 0.48). Organic long-persistent luminescence (LPL) materials can overcome the disadvantages of inorganic LPL materials in terms of element sustainability, processability, and color tunability. However, all published electron donor/acceptor binary organic LPL systems show green emission. Here, we report an organic LPL system which exhibits orange photoluminescence and LPL emission.
Glial hemichannels and their involvement in aging and neurodegenerative diseases (2012)

During the last two decades, it became increasingly evident that glial cells accomplish a more important role in brain function than previously thought. Glial cells express pannexins and connexins, which are member subunits of two protein families that form membrane channels termed hemichannels. These channels communicate intra- and extracellular compartments and allow the release of autocrine/paracrine signaling molecules [e.g., adenosine triphosphate (ATP), glutamate, nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide, and prostaglandin E2] to the extracellular milieu, as well as the uptake of small molecules (e.g., glucose). An increasing body of evidence has situated glial hemichannels as potential regulators of the beginning and maintenance of homeostatic imbalances observed in diverse brain diseases. Here, we review and discuss the current evidence about the possible role of glial hemichannels on neurodegenerative diseases. A subthreshold pathological threatening condition leads to microglial activation, which keeps active defense and restores the normal function of the central nervous system. However, if the stimulus is deleterious, microglial cells and the endothelium become overactivated, both releasing bioactive molecules (e.g., glutamate, cytokines, prostaglandins, and ATP), which increase the activity of glial hemichannels, reducing the astroglial neuroprotective functions, and further reducing neuronal viability. Because ATP and glutamate are released via glial hemichannels in neurodegenerative conditions, it is expected that they contribute to neurotoxicity. More importantly, toxic molecules released via glial hemichannels could increase the Ca2+ entry in neurons also via neuronal hemichannels, leading to neuronal death. Therefore, blockade of hemichannels expressed by glial cells and/or neurons during neuroinflammation might prevent neurodegeneration.
Of Men and Mice: Modeling the Fragile X Syndrome (2018)

The Fragile X Syndrome (FXS) is one of the most common forms of inherited intellectual disability in all human societies. Caused by the transcriptional silencing of a single gene, the fragile x mental retardation gene <i>FMR1</i>, FXS is characterized by a variety of symptoms, which range from mental disabilities to autism and epilepsy. More than 20 years ago, a first animal model was described, the <i>Fmr1</i> knock-out mouse. Several other models have been developed since then, including conditional knock-out mice, knock-out rats, a zebrafish and a drosophila model. Using these model systems, various targets for potential pharmaceutical treatments have been identified and many treatments have been shown to be efficient in preclinical studies. However, all attempts to turn these findings into a therapy for patients have failed thus far. In this review, I will discuss underlying difficulties and address potential alternatives for our future research.
Propagation of 1-Thz bandwidth electrical pulses on high T c superconducting transmision lines (1989)

The new high temperature superconductors have triggered enormous interest not only because of the unique physics involved but also because of their technical potentials, such as the promise for propagation of extremely short electrical pulses. Superconducting band gaps of ~20 THz are predicted assuming BCS theory for the superconductor, making lossless propagation of electrical pulses as short as 50 fs possible.
Targeted modification of the apolipoprotein B gene results in hypobetalipoproteinemia and developmental abnormalities in mice. (2020)

Familial hypobetalipoproteinemia is an autosomal codominant disorder resulting in a dramatic reduction in plasma concentrations of apolipoprotein (apo) B, cholesterol, and beta-migrating lipoproteins. A benefit of hypobetalipoproteinemia is that mildly affected individuals may be protected from coronary vascular disease. We have used gene targeting to generate mice with a modified Apob allele. Mice containing this allele display all of the hallmarks of human hypobetalipoproteinemia: they produce a truncated apoB protein, apoB70, and have markedly decreased plasma concentrations of apoB, beta-lipoproteins, and total cholesterol. In addition, the mice manifest several characteristics that are occasionally observed in human hypobetalipoproteinemia, including reduced plasma triglyceride concentrations, fasting chylomicronemia, and reduced high density lipoprotein cholesterol. An unexpected finding is that the modified Apob allele is strongly associated with exencephalus and hydrocephalus. These mice should help increase our understanding of hypobetalipoproteinemia, atherogenesis, and the etiology of exencephalus and hydrocephalus.
Reducing individual differences in the external-ear transfer functions of the Mongolian gerbil (2005)

This study examines individual differences in the directional transfer functions (DTFs), the directional components of head-related transfer functions of gerbils, and seeks a method for reducing these differences. The difference between the DTFs of a given animal pair was quantified by the intersubject spectral difference (ISSD), which is the variance in the difference spectra of DTFs for frequencies between 5 and 45 kHz and for 361 source directions. An attempt was made to reduce the ISSD by scaling the DTFs of one animal in frequency and/or rotating the DTFs along the source coordinate sphere. The ISSD was reduced by a median of 12% after optimal frequency scaling alone, by a median of 19% after optimal spatial rotation alone, and by a median of 36% after simultaneous frequency scaling and spatial rotation. The optimal scaling factor (OSF) and the optimal coordinate rotation (OCR) correlated strongly with differences in head width and pinna angles (i.e., pinna inclination around the vertical and front-back axes), respectively. Thus, linear equations were derived to estimate the OSF and OCR from these anatomical measurements. The ISSD could be reduced by a median of 22% based on the estimated OSF and OCR.
Bcl-2 over-expression reduces growth rate and prolongs G1 phase in continuous chemostat cultures of hybridoma cells (1999)

Recent studies have suggested that Bcl-2 can affect cell cycle re-entry by inhibiting the transition from G0/G1 to S phase. In this study, we have taken a novel route to the study of the relationship between Bcl-2 expression and cell cycle progression. Continuous cultures of pEF (control) and Bcl-2 transfected murine hybridoma cells were operated at a range of dilution rates from 0.8 day-1 down to 0.2 day-1. The specific growth rate of the pEF cell line was the same as the dilution rate down to a value of 0.6 day-1. However, as the dilution rate was reduced stepwise to 0.2 day-1, the growth rate levelled-off at approximately 0.55 day-1 and this coincided with a fall in culture viability. By contrast, the specific growth rate of the Bcl-2 transfected cell line followed the dilution rate down to a value of 0.3 day-1 with high levels of cell survival. At high dilution rates, the cell cycle distributions were very similar for both cell lines. However, the distributions diverged as the dilution rate was reduced and, at a rate of 0.2 day-1, the percentage of G1 cells in the Bcl-2 culture was 80%, compared to only 56% in the pEF cell population. This corresponded with a greater extension in the duration of the G1 phase in the Bcl-2 cells, which was 1.7 days at the lowest dilution rate tested, compared to only 0.6 day for the pEF cell line. The durations of the G2/M and S phases remained constant throughout the culture. The maximum doubling time was 1.2 days in the pEF culture compared to 2.3 days in the Bcl-2 culture. Analysis of amino acids, ammonia and lactate concentrations indicated that the observed effects on cell cycle dynamics were probably not due to differences in the culture environment. It is suggested that the expression of Bcl-2 can effect G1 to S phase transition in continuously cycling cells, but this is only apparent at suboptimal growth rates.
Mechatronics design and implementation of driver assistance technologies for Intelligent Transportation Systems (2008)

The mechatronics design, testing, and implementation of various technologies for driver assisted guidance and control of vehicles in intelligent transportation systems (ITS) is presented. Driver assisted guidance and control in ITS include applications such as lane keeping, intelligent cruise control, and obstacle identification and avoidance. These driver assistance functions require development of mechatronics sensing, human machine interface, and other related technologies. The designs of several mechatronics systems developed for this purpose are discussed. These include: 1. An all-digital magnetic sensing system that would provide reliable sensing of vehicle position from roadway imbedded magnets for lane keeping. 2. A robotic system for installation of the magnets on the roadway. 3. A human-machine interface for driver assistance. 4. An all-accelerometer INS (inertial navigation system) for dead reckoning of vehicle positions for GPS (global position system) based lane keeping. 5. A laser based sensing system for intelligent cruise control.