gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
CTRL-ALT-LED: Leaking Data from Air-Gapped Computers Via Keyboard LEDs (2019)

Using the keyboard LEDs to send data optically was proposed in 2002 by Loughry and Umphress [1] (Appendix A). In this paper we extensively explore this threat in the context of a modern cyber-attack with current hardware and optical equipment. In this type of attack, an advanced persistent threat (APT) uses the keyboard LEDs (Caps-Lock, Num-Lock and Scroll-Lock) to encode information and exfiltrate data from airgapped computers optically. Notably, this exfiltration channel is not monitored by existing data leakage prevention (DLP) systems. We examine this attack and its boundaries for today's keyboards with USB controllers and sensitive optical sensors. We also introduce smartphone and smartwatch cameras as components of malicious insider and 'evil maid' attacks. We provide the necessary scientific background on optical communication and the characteristics of modern USB keyboards at the hardware and software level, and present a transmission protocol and modulation schemes. We implement the exfiltration malware, discuss its design and implementation issues, and evaluate it with different types of keyboards. We also test various receivers, including light sensors, remote cameras, 'extreme' cameras, security cameras, and smartphone cameras. Our experiment shows that data can be leaked from air-gapped computers via the keyboard LEDs at a maximum bit rate of 3000 bit/sec per LED given a light sensor as a receiver, and more than 120 bit/sec if smartphones are used. The attack doesn't require any modification of the keyboard at hardware or firmware levels.
SEGA: Secured Edge Gateway Microservices Architecture for IIoT-Based Machine Monitoring (2021)

In this article, we propose SEGA, a secured edge gateway microservices architecture for industrial Internet of things-based monitoring of machines in industries. SEGA allows the secured collection, transmission, and temporary storage of data within the edge network. A k-nearest neighbors-based analytics module hosted on the edge gateway processes time-sensitive machine monitoring data on the gateway itself and identifies machines’ operational status. The system predicts the machine state and displays the monitored parameters such as current consumed, power factor, power consumption, and vibrational state of machinery. SEGA also enables secured offloading of data and advanced analytical functions from the edge gateway to the cloud. SEGA's deployment results show negligible changes in the edge gateway's performance due to the inclusion of various security and encryption mechanisms. However, the resource-constrained edge sensor nodes show an increase in wireless packet transmission latencies between them and the gateway by approximately 84.12 ms.
[A glutathione deficiency in open-angle glaucoma and the approaches to its correction]. (1993)

A total of 151 patients with open-angle glaucoma, 23 ones with closed angle glaucoma, and 57 ones with age-associated cataracts were examined. The reference group consisted of 21 subjects with posttraumatic cataracts (1.5 years after the injury) and normal subjects. Nonprotein sulfhydryl groups (glutathione) were measured in the peripheral blood, aqueous humor, and in tissue samples from the scleral drainage sites, obtained in antiglaucoma surgery and in surgery for cataract extraction. Aqueous humor of patients with posttraumatic cataracts, blood samples of these patients and normal subjects were examined for control. The level of sulfhydryl groups was found significantly lowered in the anterior chamber humor of patients with open-angle glaucoma, particularly in those with disease Stages II and III as against the controls. The content of sulfhydryl groups was lowered in the tissue samples from the scleral drainage area of patients with open-angle glaucoma Stages II and III vs. that in the patients with Stage I condition. Similar changes were found in the red cells of patients with Stages II and III open-angle glaucoma. Glutathione is an important component of the cellular antioxidant system. The findings point to a reduction of the processes of antioxidant defense of ocular tissues, developing as early as in the first stage of open-angle glaucoma. Lipoic acid administration for 2 months was associated with a rise of glutathione level in the red cells of patients with Stages II and III open-angle glaucoma.
Maturation of Intracellular <i>Escherichia coli</i> Communities Requires SurA (2006)

Escherichia coli is the most common cause of community-acquired urinary tract infection (UTI). During murine cystitis, uropathogenic E. coli (UPEC) utilizes type 1 pili to bind and invade superficial bladder epithelial cells. UPEC then replicates within to form intracellular bacterial communities (IBCs), a process whose genetic determinants are as yet undefined. In this study, we investigated the role of SurA in the UPEC pathogenic cascade. SurA is a periplasmic prolyl isomerase/chaperone that facilitates outer membrane protein biogenesis and pilus assembly in E. coli. Invasion into bladder epithelial cells was disproportionately reduced when surA was genetically disrupted in the UPEC strain UTI89, demonstrating that binding alone is not sufficient for invasion. In a murine cystitis model, UTI89 surA::kan was unable to persist in the urinary tract. Complementation of UTI89 surA::kan with a plasmid (pDH15) containing surA under the control of an arabinose-inducible promoter restored in vivo binding and invasion events. However, the absence of arabinose within the mouse bladder resulted in depletion of SurA after invasion of the bacteria into the superficial epithelial cells. Under these conditions, invasion by UTI89/pDH15 surA::kan was normal, but in contrast to UTI89, UTI89/pDH15 surA::kan formed intracellular collections that contained fewer bacteria, were loosely organized, and lacked the normal transition to a densely packed, coccoid morphology. Our data argue that SurA is required within bladder epithelial cells for UPEC to undergo the morphological changes that underlie IBC maturation and completion of the UTI pathogenic cascade.
Partial Excision of the Chromosomal Cassette Containing the Methicillin Resistance Determinant Results in Methicillin-Susceptible<i>Staphylococcus aureus</i> (2005)

We report a detailed characterization of methicillin-susceptible Staphylococcus aureus isolates from five French hospitals negative for both the mecA and the ccrAB loci but positive for the IS431::pUB110::IS431::dcs structure, present in some Staphylococcus cassette chromosome mec (SCCmec) types. The presence of SCCmec-associated elements suggests that this unusual resistant phenotype is due to a partial excision of SCCmec from epidemic methicillin-resistant S. aureus. The hypothesis of a genetic relatedness is strengthened by common sequence and spa types and similar susceptibility patterns.
Advanced phenotyping offers opportunities for improved breeding of forage and turf species (2012)

Progress in cutting-edge molecular breeding tools is beginning to be matched by progress in automated non-destructive imaging methods. Joint application of precise phenotyping machinery and molecular tools in optimized breeding schemes will improve forage and turf breeding in the near future and will thereby contribute to amended performance of managed grassland agroecosystems.
Effect of Zinc Galvanization on the Microstructure and Fracture Behavior of Low and Medium Carbon Structural Steels (2013)

Microstructure and fracture behavior of ASTM 572 Grade 65 steels used for wind tower applications have been studied. Steels of two carbon level chemistries designed for this grade were used in the study. Fracture toughness of the steels was studied using 3-point bend test on samples coated with zinc and not coated with zinc. Lower carbon steel showed higher resistance to fracture than medium carbon steel after zinc galvanization. SEM study suggests that zinc and zinc bath additives that migrated to crack tips are responsible for the loss in ductility. The phenomenon of Liquid Metal Embrittlement (LME) is suggested to have taken place. Zinc bath additives traced at crack zones are suggested to have migrated at the zinc galvanizing temperatures.
Development of Valpha4+ NK T cells in the early stages of embryogenesis. (1996)

The majority of T lymphocytes start to develop at around day 15 of gestation (d15)-d17 in the thymus and comprise the peripheral repertoire characterized by the expression of polymorphic T-cell antigen receptors (TCRs). Contrary to these conventional T cells, a subset of T cells, called natural killer (NK) T cells (most of them expressing an invariant TCR encoded by the Valpha14Jalpha281 gene with a 1-nt N-region), preferentially differentiates extrathymically and dominates the peripheral T-cell population at a high frequency (5% in splenic T cells and 40% in bone marrow T cells). Here, we investigated the development of NK T cells and found that the invariant Valpha14+ TCR transcripts and the circular DNA created by Valpha14 and Jalpha281 gene rearrangements can be detected in the embryo body at d9.5 of gestation and in the yolk sac and the fetal liver at d11.5-d13.5 of gestation, but not in the thymus, whereas T cells with Valpha1+ TCR expression, a major population in the thymus, were not observed at these early stages of gestation. Fluorescence-activated cell sorter analysis also demonstrated that there exist CD3+ alpha beta+ T cells, almost all of which are Valpha14/Vbeta8+ NK+ T cells, during early embryogenesis. To our knowledge, this demonstrates for the first time that a T lymphocyte subset develops in extrathymic tissues during the early stages of embryogenesis.
Observation of Locked Phase Dynamics and Enhanced Frequency Stability in Synchronized Micromechanical Oscillators (2013)

Even though synchronization in autonomous systems has been observed for over three centuries, reports of systematic experimental studies on synchronized oscillators are limited. Here, we report on observations of internal synchronization in coupled silicon micromechanical oscillators associated with a reduction in the relative phase random walk that is modulated by the magnitude of the reactive coupling force between the oscillators. Additionally, for the first time, a significant improvement in the frequency stability of synchronized micromechanical oscillators is reported. The concept presented here is scalable and could be suitably engineered to establish the basis for a new class of highly precise miniaturized clocks and frequency references.
Gene Organization of pld A and pldB, the Structural Genes for Detergent-Resistant Phospholipase A and Lysophospholipase L2 of Escherichia coli1 (1985)

The genes coding for the phospholipid degradation enzymes in E. coli, detergent-resistant (DR-) phospholipase A (pldA) and lysophospholipase L2 (pldB), were cloned together on the plasmid pKO1 (Homma, H., Kobayashi, T., Ito, Y., Kudo, I., Inoue, K., Ikeda, H., Sekiguchi, M., & Nojima, S. (1983) J. Biochem. 94, 2079-2081). To study their gene organization, a transducing lambda phage, lambda pldApldB, carrying both the pldA and pldB genes was constructed in vitro from plasmid pKO1. Viable deletion mutants of lambda pldApldB were isolated by EDTA killing, and their deleted DNA regions were determined by electron microscopic analysis of appropriate heteroduplexes. The activities of DR-phospholipase A and lysophospholipase L2 were also measured in lysates of cells infected with the deletion phages. The DNA region essential for the expression of each lipolytic activity was determined. In addition, proteins coded by the bacterial DNA on the plasmids containing the pldApldB region to various extents were detected by the maxicell system. The results showed that the product of the pldB gene is a protein with molecular weight of 40,000. It was also shown that the pldB gene is located at a region about 3 kilobase from the pldA gene.
Rapid Activation of Protein Tyrosine Kinase and Phospholipase C-γ2 and Increase in Cytosolic Free Calcium Are Required by<i>Ehrlichia chaffeensis</i>for Internalization and Growth in THP-1 Cells (2002)

Ehrlichia chaffeensis, a bacterium that cannot survive outside the eukaryotic cell, proliferates exclusively in human monocytes and macrophages. In this study, signaling events required for ehrlichial infection of human monocytic cell line THP-1 were characterized. Entry and proliferation of E. chaffeensis in THP-1 cells were significantly blocked by various inhibitors that can regulate calcium signaling, including 8-(diethylamino)octyl-3,4,5-trimethoxybenzoate and 2-aminoethoxydiphenyl borate (intracellular calcium mobilization inhibitors), verapamil and 1-[beta-[3-(4-methoxyphenyl)propyl]-4-methoxyphenethyl]-1H-imidazole (SKF-96365) (calcium channel inhibitors), neomycin and 1-(6-[[17beta-3-methoxyestra-1,3,5(10)-trien-17-yl]amino]hexyl)-1H-pyrrole-2,5-dione (U-73122) (phospholipase C [PLC] inhibitors), monodansylcadaverine (a transglutaminase [TGase] inhibitor), and genistein (a protein tyrosine kinase [PTK] inhibitor). Addition of E. chaffeensis resulted in rapid increases in the level of inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate (IP(3)) and the level of cytosolic free calcium ([Ca(2+)](i)) in THP-1 cells, which were prevented by pretreatment of THP-1 cells with inhibitors of TGase, PTK, and PLC. E. chaffeensis induced rapid tyrosine phosphorylation of PLC-gamma2, and the presence of a PLC-gamma2 antisense oligonucleotide in THP-1 cells significantly blocked ehrlichial infection. Furthermore, tyrosine-phosphorylated proteins and PLC-gamma2 were colocalized with ehrlichial inclusions, as determined by double-immunofluorescence labeling. The heat-sensitive component of viable E. chaffeensis cells was essential for these signaling events. E. chaffeensis, therefore, can recruit interacting signal-transducing molecules and induce the following signaling events required for the establishment of infection in host cells: protein cross-linking by TGase, tyrosine phosphorylation, PLC-gamma2 activation, IP(3) production, and an increase in [Ca(2+)](i).
Low-rate quantization of spectrum parameters (2002)

In this paper, we generalize the standard blockwise linear predictive (LP) coding by introducing low-pass filtering and downsampling of the LPC vectors at the encoder side, accompanied by interpolation at the decoder. Several concepts in LP coding, such as overlapping frames, interpolation and long analysis frames, can be described in the proposed framework. We also note that the proposed methods are in agreement with previous work on spectral dynamics, which indicates that spectral dynamics is (at least) as important as spectral distortion for speech quality. We have applied the proposed method to low-rate quantization of spectrum parameters. Objective and subjective performance of the new approach is compared to a standard blockwise LP coding, at various rates. We show that both the subjective and objective quality of the new method compare favorably with standard methods. Even at as low rate as 500 bit/s, the proposed method has a good quality.
THE EMERGING ROLE OF BOTULINUM TOXIN IN THE TREATMENT OF OROFACIAL DISORDERS: LITERATURE UPDATE (2017)

Botulinum toxin (BTX) is a lethal neurotoxin produced by Gram-positive anaerobic bacterium called Clostridium botulinum. It is the first toxin used fortherapeutic purposes since 1989. BTX treatment is relatively safe and efficacious, less invasive, conservative, and the effects are faster and reversible.The purpose of this article is to review the literature regarding the applications of BTX in the treatment of various orofacial disorders, their mechanismof action, contraindications, and complications. From the recently published literature, it is clear that the role of BTX as a therapeutic agent for severalconditions is expanding. With the training of BTX-A injection techniques and adequate knowledge about treatment protocols, general dentists cansafely administer BTX injections. The ability to use Botox as an adjuvant and primary mode of the treatment for various maxillofacial disorders offersexciting treatment options for dentists and patients in the future.
Local iron homeostasis in the breast ductal carcinoma microenvironment (2016)

The present results reinforce the importance of analyzing the tumor microenvironment in breast cancer, extending the contribution of immune cells to local iron homeostasis in the tumor microenvironment context.
Surface Roughness of Topography: A Multi-Scale Analysis of Landform Elements in Midland Valley, Scotland (2009)

Surface roughness is a key variable used across the earth and planetary sciences (Hobson 1972) to both identify individual landforms and determine the processes acting upon them. In geomorphometry, roughness is described using surface elevation values and can be used to characterise landforms over a variety of different scales.
The FUTON Prototype: Proof of Concept for Coordinated Multi-Point in Conjunction with a Novel Integrated Wireless/Optical Architecture (2010)

The growing relevance of wireless communications has been driving the research and development to enable cost-efficient support of very high data rates to be delivered to a large number of users. The high bandwidth targets for future networks are reflected in the ITU's call for IMT-Advanced. As interference poses the main limitation in today's networks, cooperative signal processing (often referred to as coordinated multi-point, CoMP) is seen as a key enabler to achieve these targets. However, cooperation among base stations in traditional cellular infrastructures is problematic because interconnections (referred to as backhaul) are often very limited in capacity and investigations on more flexible and cost-efficient future architectures are being undertaken. A promising concept was proposed in the European research project FUTON. It is based on the use of radio-over-fiber (RoF) technology to create a distributed antenna system (DAS) that is capable of supporting the high requirements of future wireless networks. Currently, a prototype FUTON system is being built as a proof of concept. In this contribution, we describe the FUTON architecture and give insights into the demonstration that is being prepared. Results from trials with the planned setup will follow.
Radiation-induced gastrointestinal toxicity. Pathophysiology, approaches to treatment and prophylaxis. (1998)

Further evaluation of strategies for diarrhea prophylaxis is warranted. Due to the complex nature of radiation enteritis a multimodal approach taking into account alterations in intestinal motility patterns, malabsorption of bile salts and an imbalance of mucosal bacterial flora may offer new perspectives.
Efficiency Improvement of Organic Solar Cells by Slow Growth and Changing Spin-Coating Parameters for Active Layers (2011)

The derivatives of C 60 , [6,6]-phenyl C 61 -butyric acid methyl ester (PCBM), and 3-hexylthiophene (P3HT) were dissolved in o -dichlorobenzene (DCB) solvent, and then spin-coated as an active layer for polymer solar cells. The experimental parameters including the spin-coating speed and drying conditions for the active layer, were studied carefully to obtain the optimum power conversion efficiency (PCE). In the active layer drying procedure, the DCB solvent saturated/unsaturated vapor pressure was adjusted by controlling the amount of solvent at a half-open capacity. The DCB solution was used to enhance the self-organization of the active layer of P3HT and to reduce the number of pure PCBM clusters. In the DCB optimum solution, the PCE of a polymer solar cell can be increased from 1.36 to 1.79%. The structure corresponds to a nano-to-micron scale ordering in the unsaturation-treatment films. In the optimum unsaturation procedure, the PCE of a polymer solar cell can be increased from 1.79 to 2.53%. Using two steps with optimum rotation speeds in the active layer spin-coating, the surface uniformity can be improved, with the PCE increased from 2.53 to 3.13%.
Crayfish exploitation systems (2011)

For millennia, large crustaceans have been exploited as food in different parts of the world, tropical and temperate, in intertidal or inshore seas, and in fresh waters. The level of exploitation may lie anywhere along a continuum from casual fishing or poaching, through controlled and regulated exploitation (usually by trapping), to aquaculture, extensive or more or less divorced from the wild environment. Traps set for other species, such as eels and muskrat, may also catch crustaceans as by-catch. Harvesting would lead to holding pens and then basic aquaculture, and finally the emergence of crustacean superspecies that could be cultured across the globe. Genetic evidence suggests that humans in several continents moved around some freshwater species in prehistoric times (e.g. Lynas et al., 2004; Reynolds, 2006). However, the live translocation of aquatic species for cash crop or culture purposes has thrown up its own problems for native faunal biodiversity, most either unforeseen or ignored because of economic opportunism.
A Hybrid Keyboard-Guitar Interface Using Capacitive Touch Sensing And Physical Modeling (2012)

(Abstract to follow)
Amplification and overexpression of the epidermal growth factor receptor gene in human renal‐cell carcinoma (1990)

Abstract We examined 22 cases of renal‐cell carcinoma (RCC) for structural alterations of the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) gene and found gene amplification in one case of high‐stage‐high‐grade RCC. Dot blot analysis of the total RNA from tumorous and normal kidney tissues revealed overexpression of the EGFR gene in 12 of 20 (60%) cases of RCC. The highest expression was observed in the geneamplified case. No correlation was observed between the level of EGFR mRNA and tumor stage or grade. Northern blot analysis revealed normal 10‐ and 5.6‐kb EGFR mRNA bands in RCC. Our data indicate that gene amplification of the EGFR gene is one of the molecular mechanisms of its overexpression in a subset of RCCs.