gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
SiMPE (2006)

Traditionally, voice-based applications have been accessed using unintelligent telephone devices through Voice Browsers that reside on the server. The proliferation of pervasive devices and the increase in their processing capabilities, client-side speech processing is emerging as a viable alternative. This workshop will explore the various possibilities and issues that arise while enabling speech processing on resource-constrained, possibly mobile devices. The workshop will highlight the many open areas that require research attention, identify key problems that need to be addressed, and also discuss a few approaches for solving some of them - to build the next generation of conversational systems.
Ultra-widely tunable mid-infrared (6–18  μm) optical vortex source (2018)

We demonstrate the generation of an ultra-widely tunable mid-infrared (6-18 μm) optical vortex output with a moderate pulse energy from a AgGaSe<sub>2</sub> difference frequency generator pumped by an optical vortex parametric oscillator. The handedness of the vortex output can be controlled/selected by swapping the lasing frequencies of the signal and idler outputs and rotating the AgGaSe<sub>2</sub> crystal by 90 deg.
Plasticity of Stem Cells Derived from Adult Periodontal Ligament (2009)

These findings suggest that the PDL may contain pluripotent stem cells that originate from the neural crest. Our observations open the door to prospective autologous therapeutic applications for a variety of conditions.
Preparation of a novel fracturing fluid with good heat and shear resistance (2019)

A new terpolymer (MAS-1) was created by copolymerizing acrylamide (AM), acrylic acid (AA), and 4-isopropenylcarbamoyl-benzene sulfonic acid (AMBS). Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) suggested that MAS-1 has better heat resistance and meets the requirements for a fracturing fluid at 200 °C. X-ray diffraction (XRD), and conductivity tests showed that MAS-1 has good water solubility. The viscosity of the fracturing fluids containing MAS-1 was found to be about 135 mPa s after 120 min at 170 s<sup>-1</sup> and 150 °C. SEM images and the determination of viscoelasticity showed that MAS-1 has a dense and robust spatial network structure in the fracturing fluid. The sedimentation velocity of the proppant was 0.0528 cm min<sup>-1</sup> at 90 °C. When enough ammonium persulfate was added to yield approximately 0.10 wt%, the viscosity of the broken fluid was 4.5 mPa s, and the gel broken fluid was transparent without visible residue. In addition, the fracturing fluid did little damage to the reservoir. The drag reduction rate of MAS-1 was always higher than KYPAM-6A and HPAM with the shear rate ranging from 1000 s<sup>-1</sup> to 7000 s<sup>-1</sup>. Therefore, this fracturing fluid could be an alternative for low permeability reservoir stimulation.
Improved color barcodes via Expectation Maximization style interference cancellation (2012)

Encoding data independently in cyan, magenta, and yellow (CMY) print colorant channels with detection in complementary Red, green, and blue (RGB) image capture channels offers an attractive framework for extending monochrome barcodes to color with increased data rates. The undesired absorption of colorants in regions of spectral sensitivity of the noncomplementary capture channels, however, gives rise to cross-channel color interference that significantly deteriorates the performance of the color barcode system. In this paper, we propose an Expectation Maximization (EM) style algorithm to estimate and cancel this color interference and improve the overall performance of the barcode system. Our method utilizes a physical model for print-capture process where the model parameters vary depending on printer, capture device, and illumination. We estimate the model parameters using an iterative EM-style approach and obtain an estimate of CMY colorant channels from the scanned RGB barcode by using the estimated model parameters. Our experimental results show that the proposed method mitigates the effect of color interference and significantly reduces the bit error rates for the recovered data.
Infant HIV Type 1 gp120 Vaccination Elicits Robust and Durable Anti-V1V2 Immunoglobulin G Responses and Only Rare Envelope-Specific Immunoglobulin A Responses (2014)

As exemplified by the Chiron vaccine regimen, vaccination of infants against HIV-1 can induce robust, durable Env-specific IgG responses, including anti-V1V2 IgG.
Automatic optic disc segmentation based on image brightness and contrast (2010)

Untreated glaucoma leads to permanent damage of the optic nerve and resultant visual field loss, which can progress to blindness. As glaucoma often produces additional pathological cupping of the optic disc (OD), cupdisc- ratio is one measure that is widely used for glaucoma diagnosis. This paper presents an OD localization method that automatically segments the OD and so can be applied for the cup-disc-ratio based glaucoma diagnosis. The proposed OD segmentation method is based on the observations that the OD is normally much brighter and at the same time have a smoother texture characteristics compared with other regions within retinal images. Given a retinal image we first capture the ODs smooth texture characteristic by a contrast image that is constructed based on the local maximum and minimum pixel lightness within a small neighborhood window. The centre of the OD can then be determined according to the density of the candidate OD pixels that are detected by retinal image pixels of the lowest contrast. After that, an OD region is approximately determined by a pair of morphological operations and the OD boundary is finally determined by an ellipse that is fitted by the convex hull of the detected OD region. Experiments over 71 retinal images of different qualities show that the OD region overlapping reaches up to 90.37% according to the OD boundary ellipses determined by our proposed method and the one manually plotted by an ophthalmologist.
Diagnostics of Impulse Line Blockage with Multi-Sensing Differential Pressure Transmitter at Air Line(<Special Issue>D & D 2008) (2009)

Differential pressure transmitter with an orifice is widely used as a major field flowmeter. A major drawback of this flowmeter at operation site is blockage of an impulse line, which connects a differential pressure transmitter with an orifice tap. By conducting experiments at a water line, the diagnostic method based on the pressure fluctuations in the impulse line can diagnose the blockage in the steady state. However, there is a possibility of making a wrong diagnosis in the transient state in this method. This paper investigates the cause of this problem by comparing the experimental results at an air line with at the water line. In addition, the effectiveness of a diagnostic method based on the phase difference between orifice upstream and downstream pressures is clarified even in the transient state. Through experimental investigations, the following results are derived: 1) The long-term pressure change has a harmful effect to diagnose the blockage with the pressure fluctuations. 2) The diagnostic method based on the phase difference can diagnose the blockage even in the transient state; however, this method can not diagnose the severe blockage in an air line. Therefore, the method based on phase difference has to be improved.
Auto-FBI (2013)

We propose a novel and simple approach for securing access to sensitive content on the web. The approach automates the best manual compartmentalization practices for accessing different kinds of content with different browser instances. The automation is transparent to the user and does not require any modification of how non-sensitive content is accessed. For sensitive content, a Fresh Browser Instance (FBI) is automatically created to access the content. Our prototype system Auto-FBI can provide support for novice users with predefined sensitive content sites as well as for more experienced users who can define conflict of interest (COI) classes which allows content from sites in the same user-defined class to coexist in a browser instance. Our initial performance evaluation of Auto-FBI shows that the overhead introduced by the approach is acceptable (less than 160 ms for sites that already have fast load time, but for slow sites the overhead can be as high as 750 ms).
MM-005: Phase 1 trial of pomalidomide (POM), bortezomib (BORT), and low-dose dexamethasone (LoDEX [PVD]) in lenalidomide (LEN)-refractory and proteasome inhibitor (PI)-exposed myeloma. (2014)

8589 Background: Combination treatment (Tx) with IMiDs immunomodulatory agents and PIs demonstrated substantial efficacy in myeloma patients (pts) (Richardson, Blood, 2010). MM-005 was designed to identify the optimal PVD dose for a phase 3 trial (MM-007) comparing PVD vs. BORT + LoDEX in RRMM pts. A secondary objective examined subcutaneous (SC) BORT as part of PVD Tx. Methods: Eligible pts had 1-4 prior Tx lines, including ≥2 consecutive cycles (C) of LEN and a PI. Pts must have been LEN-refractory and PI-exposed but not BORT refractory. MTD was determined using a 3+3 design; an SC BORT cohort was added at the MTD. Tx continued until PD or unacceptable AE. MTD was the primary endpoint; additional endpoints included safety, overall response rate (ORR; ≥ partial response [PR]), time to response (TTR), duration of response (DoR), and pharmacokinetics. Results: The trial is fully enrolled (N=28): 22 pts in intravenous (IV) BORT and 6 pts in SC BORT cohorts. Median prior Tx was 2 (1-4). No dose-limiting toxicities (DLTs) were observed. Recommended PVD dose (21-day C) is POM 4 mg D1-14, BORT 1.3 mg/m2 on D1, 4, 8, 11 for C1-8; D1, 8 for C9+, and LoDEX 20 mg (10 mg for pts > 75 y) on D1-2, 4-5, 8-9, 11-12 for C1-8; D1-2, 8-9 for C9+. Most common grade (Gr) 3-4 AEs included (IV cohorts): neutropenia (36%) and thrombocytopenia (27%); (SC cohort): 7 Gr 3 AEs occurred in one pt each; no Gr 4 AEs were observed. Peripheral neuropathy (PN) in IV cohorts was 0% (Gr 3-4), 14% (Gr 2), and 32% (Gr 1); 1 pt reported Gr 2 PN (SC cohort). No pt discontinued due to Tx-related AEs. ORR (IV cohorts) was 71% (38% ≥ very good PR [VGPR]), median TTR was 1 C, and median DoR was 11 C. Preliminary (median 5 C) ORR for SC pts was 67% (1 PR, 2 VGPRs, 1 complete response). 4 of 6 pts receiving BORT SC still remain on Tx; 1 of 4 pts has not yet responded. BORT administration route (IV/SC) did not impact POM exposure, which was within the range previously observed. Long-term follow-up will be presented. Conclusions: PVD was effective and well tolerated across all cohorts in LEN-refractory/BORT-exposed pts with no DLTs or discontinuations due to Tx-related AEs to date. PVD is now under evaluation in the MM-007 phase 3 trial. Clinical trial information: NCT01497093.
Intratissue Refractive Index Shaping (IRIS) of the Cornea and Lens Using a Low-Pulse-Energy Femtosecond Laser Oscillator (2008)

These pilot experiments demonstrate a novel application of low-pulse-energy, MHz femtosecond lasers in modifying the refractive index of transparent ocular tissues without apparent tissue destruction. Although it remains to be verified in living tissues, the stability of this effect suggests that the observed modifications are due to long-term molecular and/or structural changes.
Tracking configuration changes proactively in large IT environments (2012)

Maintaining consistent views of components in complex IT environments is challenging due to frequent changes applied to the systems. Discovery tools, typically used for scanning the environment, can fail to gather up-to-date information. We present a technique to track changes by monitoring system events induced by a change. The system events are associated to entities in a configuration model. A change in a software component may also necessitate change to a dependent application. We track cross-product dependency by enhancing the configuration model of the service. We show the efficacy of our techniques by extending the configuration model of a complex IT environment.
A New and Simply Available Class of Hydrosoluble Bioconjugates by Coupling Paclitaxel to Hyaluronic Acid through a 4‐Hydroxybutanoic Acid Derived Linker (2005)

Abstract A simple preparation of a new hydrosoluble paclitaxel bioconjugate 8 , representing a new class of paclitaxel derivatives, is described. Bioconjugate 8 was obtained by coupling hyaluronic acid ( 2 ) to paclitaxel ( 1 ) by means of a 4‐hydroxybutanoic acid derived linker ( Scheme 2 ).
Optoelectronic Shaft-Angle Encoder Tolerates Misalignments (1991)

Optoelectronic shaft-angle encoder measures angle of rotation of shaft with high precision while minimizing effects of eccentricity and other misalignments. Grooves on disk serve as reference marks to locate reading heads and measure increments of rotation of disk. Shaft-angle encoder, resembling optical compact-disk drive, includes two tracking heads illuminating grooves on disk and measures reflections from them.
Patterning via Optical Saturable Transitions - Fabrication and Characterization (2014)

This protocol describes the fabrication and characterization of nanostructures using a novel nanolithographic technique called Patterning via Optical Saturable Transitions (POST). In this technique the chemical properties of organic photochromic molecules that undergo single-photon reactions are exploited, enabling rapid top-down nanopatterning over large areas at low light intensities, thereby, allowing for the circumvention of the far-field diffraction barrier.4 Simple, cost-effective, high throughput and resolution alternatives to nanopatterning are being explored, such as, two-photon polymerization5,6, beam pen lithography (BPL)7, scanning electron beam lithography (SEBL), and focused ion beam (FIB) patterning. However, multi-photon approaches require high light intensities, which limit their potential for high throughput and offer low image contrast. Although, electron and ion beam lithographic processes offer increased resolution, the serial nature of the process is limited to slow writing speeds, which also prevents patterning of features over large areas. Beam-pen lithography is an approach towards parallel near-field optical lithography. However, the gap between the source of the beam and the surface of the photoresist needs to be controlled extremely precisely for good pattern uniformity and this is very challenging to accomplish for large arrays of beams. Patterning via Optical Saturable Transitions (POST) is an alternative optical nanopatterning technique for patterning sub-wavelength features1-3. Since this technique uses single photons instead of electrons, it is extremely fast and does not require high light intensities1-3, opening the door to massive parallelization.
Investigation of effect of fineness dependent volume of fine aggregate on passive layer formation and corresponding corrosion of steel reinforced concrete using electrochemical approach (2014)

AbstractThis paper aims to determine the effect of the fineness modulus of fine aggregate on the quality and development of passive film and its subsequent effect on the corrosion of reinforced concrete structures. The study uses both electrochemical laboratory controlled experimentation and finite element modelling approach. Corrosion is an electrochemical process that requires an electrolyte for the occurrence of a corrosion reaction. Therefore, it is necessary to calculate the effective corrosion rate with reference to the saturated area of the concrete only when there is corrosion of reinforced concrete structures. Theoretically and numerically, the saturated area depends on the capillary zone porosity, gel zone porosity and degree of saturation in the aggregate free volume of concrete, which is a heterogeneous material. It is thus important to understand the effect of aggregate fineness on the corrosion of steel rebars. Therefore, detailed investigations were conducted using a variety of fine aggrega...
Field-programmable gate array-controlled sweep velocity-locked laser pulse generator (2017)

A field-programmable gate array (FPGA)-controlled sweep velocity-locked laser pulse generator (SV-LLPG) design based on an all-digital phase-locked loop (ADPLL) is proposed. A distributed feedback laser with modulated injection current was used as a swept-frequency laser source. An open-loop predistortion modulation waveform was calibrated using a feedback iteration method to initially improve frequency sweep linearity. An ADPLL control system was then implemented using an FPGA to lock the output of a Mach–Zehnder interferometer that was directly proportional to laser sweep velocity to an on-board system clock. Using this system, linearly chirped laser pulses with a sweep bandwidth of 111.16 GHz were demonstrated. Further testing evaluating the sensing utility of the system was conducted. In this test, the SV-LLPG served as the swept laser source of an optical frequency-domain reflectometry system used to interrogate a subterahertz range fiber structure (sub-THz-FS) array. A static strain test was then conducted and linear sensor results were observed.
Characterization of Pin m III cDNA in western white pine (2000)

Maximum accumulation of Pin m III protein in western white pine (Pinus monticola Dougl. ex D. Don) needles occurred during the winter months. To characterize Pin m III, an expression cDNA library from poly(A)+ mRNA of needles was immunoscreened and the full length cDNA was cloned. An open reading frame of 486 bases encodes a protein of 161 amino acid residues with a molecular mass of 18 kD and a predicted isoelectric point of 5.5. The deduced amino acid sequence had some similarities (37%) with an intracellular pathogenesis-related (PR) protein from garden asparagus (Asparagus officinalis L.) and the major pollen allergen from white birch (Betula verrucosa J. F. Ehrh.), which are members of the ribonuclease-like PR-10 family. Phylogenetic analysis provided circumstantial evidence that Pin m III may be grouped with intracellular PRs from asparagus and potato (Solanum tuberosum L.), while the allergens formed another subgroup. Northern analysis showed that the Pin m III gene was preferentially expressed during cold acclimation with the highest expression in the fall and winter months, preceding the peak of Pin m III protein accumulation. Tissue specificity expression analysis indicated that the gene was strongly expressed in roots and twigs. Higher amounts of the homologous protein (Pin l I) and its transcript accumulated in sugar pine (Pinus lambertiana Dougl.) needles infected with blister rust compared with healthy needles.
Immunological Aspects of Rat Models of HTLV Type 1-Infected T Lymphoproliferative Disease (2000)

The level of host immune responses against human T cell leukemia virus type 1 (HTLV-1) varies among HTLV-1-infected individuals. In the present study, we investigate the role of host immunity on HTLV-1 leukemogenesis in vivo by using animal models. At first, we examined the effect of the routes of HTLV-1 transmission on the host anti-HTLV-1 immune responses. When immune competent adult rats were inoculated with HTLV-1-infected cells, the orally infected rats were persistently infected with HTLV-1 without humoral and cellular immune responses against HTLV-1, whereas all intravenously or intraperitoneally inoculated rats showed significant levels of immune responses. Next, we examined in vivo tumorigenicity of HTLV-1-immortalized cells in the absence of T cell immunity, by using athymic F344/N Jcl-rnu/rnu (nu/nu) rats. When inoculated into nu/nu rats, not all but some HTLV-1-immortalized rat cell lines including syngeneic FPM1-V1AX could grow and form T cell lymphoma in vivo. This syngeneic lymphoma formation was inhibited by adoptively transferred immune T cells. Furthermore, immunocompetent rats allowed in vivo growth of HTLV-1-infected lymphoma, when treated with antibodies that block costimulatory signals for T cell activation. These observations indicated that (1) host anti-HTLV-1 immunity can be affected by the conditions of the primary infection, (2) under the low pressure of anti-HTLV-1 immunity, some HTLV-1-infected cell clones grow in vivo, and (3) T cell immunity is required for in vivo surveillance against these HTLV-1-infected cell clones.
Low-frequency respiratory mechanics using ventilator-driven forced oscillations (1993)

We evaluated the potential for using a fast Fourier transform (FFT) analysis applied to a standard ventilator waveform to estimate (< 2 Hz) frequency dependence of respiratory or lung resistance (R) and elastance (E). In four healthy humans we measured pressure and flow at the airway opening while applying sine wave forcing from 0.2 to 0.6 Hz at two tidal volumes (VT; 250 and 500 ml). We then applied a step inspiratory ventilator flow wave with relaxed expiration at the same VT and only 0.2 Hz. Step waveform data were also acquired from nine mechanically ventilated patients under intensive care unit conditions. Finally, we simultaneously measured total respiratory (rs), lung (L), and chest wall (cw) impedance data from two dogs (0.156-2 Hz) before and after severe pulmonary edema. Rrs and Ers were estimated by the FFT approach. Humans displayed a small frequency dependence in Rrs and Ers from 0.2 to 0.6 Hz, and both Rrs and Ers decreased at the higher VT. The spectral estimates of Rrs and Ers with the step ventilator wave were often qualitatively comparable to sine wave results below 0.6 Hz but became extremely erratic above the third harmonic. Conversely, in dogs the step wave produced reliable and stable estimates up to 2 Hz in all conditions. Nevertheless, Ecw and Ers still displayed clear and correlated oscillations with increasing frequency, whereas EL showed none. This suggests that nonlinear processes, most likely at the chest wall, contribute to periodic-like fluctuations in respiratory mechanical properties when estimated by applying FFT to a step ventilator wave. Moreover, in humans, but not dogs, a ventilator flow cycle contains insufficient signal energy beyond the third harmonic. We show that the amount of energy available at higher frequencies is largely governed by the mechanical time constant contributing to passive expiratory flow. In dogs the shorter time constant contributes to increased energy. In essence, the frequency content of the flow is subject dependent, and this is not a desirable situation for controlling the quality of the impedance spectra available from a standard ventilator wave.
Field emission from nanoporous silicon carbide (2012)

A new type of cold cathode field emission electron source capable of emission at levels comparable to thermal sources is described. The emitter is a unique structure, comprised of a monolithic and rigid porous semiconductor nanostructure with homogenously distributed emission sites, and is fabricated through a room temperature process which allows for control of emission properties. These electron sources potentially enable breakthroughs in several critical technologies, including microwave electronics and x-ray imaging.
Improving Binaural Ambisonics Decoding by Spherical Harmonics Domain Tapering and Coloration Compensation (2019)

A powerful and flexible approach to record or encode a spatial sound scene is through spherical harmonics (SHs), or Ambisonics. An SH-encoded scene can be rendered binaurally by applying SH-encoded head-related transfer functions (HRTFs). Limitations of the recording equipment or computational constraints dictate the spatial reproduction accuracy, thus rendering might suffer from spatial degradation as well as coloration. This paper studies the effect of tapering the SH representation of a binaurally rendered sound field in conjunction with its spectral equalization. The proposed approach is shown to reduce coloration and thus improves perceived audio quality.