gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Variable-Focus Fluid Lens Using an Electromagnetic Actuator (2013)

A variable-focus uid lens controlled by an electromagnetic actuator and its characteristics are presented in this paper. The repulsive force between an NdFeB magnet and a solenoid through electromagnetic induction causes deections in the elastomeric membranes integrated in the lens resulting in a focal-length change. The controllability of the focal length of the fabricated lens with an aperture size of 2 mm was approximately from innity to 15 mm (with input current of 100 mA). The actuator including the solenoid was carefully designed to avoid thermal crosstalk of the lens uid and magnet from the electromagnetic induction of the solenoid. The settling time to form a convex shape of the lens membrane was approximately 2.5 ms at an input current of 20 mA.
Single shot, large area metal sintering with micrometer level resolution (2018)

- This paper presents the optics design for a microscale Selective Laser Sintering (μ-SLS) system that aims to allow large areas of nanoparticles to be sintered simultaneously while still maintaining micrometer scale feature resolutions in order to improve the throughput of the microscale additive manufacturing process. The optics design is shown to be able to sinter a 2.3 mm by 1.3 mm area of metal nanoparticles that have been spread into a ~400 nm thick layer with a feature resolution of ~3 μm in a single shot. The optical resolution of this system is shown to be ~1.2 μm indicating that only about 2-3 pixels are needed to form a good sintered part. In addition, using the optical design presented in this paper, it is estimated that the μ-SLS system should be able to achieve a volumetric throughput of ~63 mm<sup>3</sup>/hr, making this process one of the highest throughput processes available today for the microscale additive manufacturing of three-dimensional metal structures.
Superconformal Silver Deposition Using KSeCN Derivatized Substrates (2003)

Superconformal filling of submicrometer trenches was achieved using substrates that were catalyzed with KSeCN prior to metal deposition in a catalyst-free, silver-cyanide electrolyte. The degree of superfill was dependent on the time the specimen spent in the KSeCN-containing solution prior to electrodeposition. Longer derivatization times correspond to higher initial catalyst coverages. The feature filling results were consistent with the curvature enhanced accelerator coverage mechanism of superconformal deposition. This mechanism implies that area changes during deposition in a feature lead to higher catalyst coverage at the bottom of the feature, thus enhancing the deposition rate and allowing bottom-up fill. © 2003 The Electrochemical Society. All rights reserved.
An active discrete lens antenna for Ka-band multibeam applications (2012)

Operational multi-beam broadband payloads use onboard antennas usually constituted by 3 or 4 large reflectors, with no flexibility in terms of traffic variations. Possible configurations based on a single aperture antenna have been investigated in the framework of several activities promoted by the European Space Agency (ESA). One of the single aperture antenna architecture particularly promising is based on a constrained non periodic active lens (bootlace like). The paper reports the last results obtained in the development of such an antenna. In particular, the lens antenna working in Ka-band is generating a multiple spot beam coverage from a geostationary satellite. This type of antenna enables adaptive beam power assignment, can be designed for low side-lobe levels at large steering angles and does not require any beam-forming network.
Ace-1 duplication in Anopheles gambiae: a challenge for malaria control (2009)

The spread of this less costly resistance allele could represent a major threat to public health, as it may impede An. gambiae control strategies, and thus increases the risk of malaria outbreaks.
A method to measure the complex permeability of thin films at ultra-high frequencies (1996)

A swept frequency method for measuring the magnetic permeability of thin films for frequencies up to 2 GHz with a resolution at 1 GHz of /spl sim/0.1 /spl mu/m in permeance is described. It is based on the measurement of impedance of a strip loop loaded with the sample under test. The method employs a commercial impedance or network analyzer, is simple, and suitable for permeability measurements of thin magnetic films which are used in recording heads and microwave components.
Performance and design considerations for gate-all-around stacked-NanoWires FETs (2017)

This paper presents recent progress on Gate-All-Around (GAA) stacked-NanoWire (NW) / NanoSheet (NS) MOSFETs. Key technological challenges will be discussed and recent research results presented. Width-dependent carrier mobility in Si NW/NS and FinFET will be analyzed, and intrinsic performance and design considerations of GAA structures will be discussed and compared to FinFET devices with a focus on electrostatics, parasitic capacitances and different layout options. The results show that more flexibility can be achieved with stacked-NS transistors in order to manage power-performance optimization.
Adapting Human Tutorial Interventions for a Reading Tutor that Listens: Using Continuous Speech Recognition in Interactive Educational Multimedia (1997)

Human tutors make use of a wide range of input and output modalities, such as speech, vision, gaze, and gesture. Computer tutors are typically limited to keyboard and mouse input. Project LISTEN’s Reading Tutor listens to children read aloud, and helps them. Why should a computer tutor listen? A computer tutor that listens can give help and give praise naturally and unobtrusively. In this paper, we address the following questions: When and how should a computer tutor that listens help students? When and how should a computer tutor that listens praise students? We examine how the advantages and disadvantages of speech recognition helped shape the design and implementation of the Reading Tutor. Despite its limitations, speech recognition enables the Reading Tutor to provide patient, unobtrusive, and natural assistance for reading out loud.
Gender-related differences in physiologic color space: a functional transcranial Doppler (f TCD) study (2011)

Simultaneous color contrast and color constancy are memory processes associated with color vision, however, the gender-related differences of 'physiologic color space' remains unknown. Color processing was studied in 16 (8 men and 8 women) right-handed healthy subjects using functional transcranial Doppler (fTCD) technique. Mean flow velocity (MFV) was recorded in both right (RMCA) and left (LMCA) middle cerebral arteries in dark and white light conditions, and during color (blue and yellow) stimulations. The data was plotted in a 3D quadratic curve fit to derive a 'physiologic color space' showing the effects of luminance and chromatic contrasts. In men, wavelength-differencing of opponent pairs (yellow-blue) was adjudged by changes in the RMCA MFV for Yellow plotted on the Y-axis, and the RMCA MFV for Blue plotted on the X-axis. In women, frequency-differencing for opponent pairs (blue-yellow) was adjudged by changes in the LMCA MFV for Yellow plotted on the Y-axis, and the LMCA MFV for Blue plotted on the X-axis. The luminance effect on the LMCA MFV in response to white light with the highest luminous flux, was plotted on the (Z - axis), in both men and women. The 3D-color space for women was a mirror-image of that for men, and showed enhanced color constancy. The exponential function model was applied to the data in men, while the logarithmic function model was applied to the data in women. Color space determination may be useful in the study of color memory, adaptive neuroplasticity, cognitive impairment in stroke and neurodegenerative diseases.
Parametric Resonance in a Microelectromechanical Torsional Oscillator (1998)

Abstract In various MEMS devices, it has been observed that mechanical instabilities can occur with driving frequencies other than resonance[1]. One such device is the torsional scanning probe z-actuator with an integrated tip. Previously reported work identified five Matheiu instability frequencies, and an experimental map of the first two instability region[1]. In this paper, we extend that work to show the effects of damping on the instabilities. The motion of this system is described by Mathieu-type equations, which has been extensively studied theoretically, but damping of the system has prohibited most experiments from displaying the wide range of instabilities predicted by theory [2]. In our experiment, a laser vibrometer is mounted on an optical microscope to precisely measure device motion. We show that the boundary between stable and unstable solutions is extremely sharp. Behavior of the device near the instability boundaries can be applied to improvements filter technology and small force sensing.
A boost-type high power factor single switch electronic ballast for compact fluorescent lamps (energy-saving lamps) (2011)

A high power factor single switch electronic ballast is proposed in this paper for compact fluorescent lamp (CFL). With the gradual widespread use of CFL in the near feature to replace incandescent lamps, it is very important that CFL is able to maintain the same high power factor performance that incandescent lamps achieve. However, due to size and cost limitations, the current CFLs available on the market are not able to achieve high power factor. On the other hand, conventional high power factor electronic ballast using a boost pre-regulator is too costly for CFL applications. In this paper, the proposed electronic ballast solves the aforementioned problems by combining the boost power factor correction (PFC) stage and the resonant inverter stage using one switch. Moreover, the voltage stress and conduction loss across the switch is reduced when compared to other reference single switch topologies. Detailed description of the circuit operating principles will be discussed in this paper. Simulation and experimental results are given on a 11W CFL tube to highlight the merits of the proposed work.
High power laser and explosive driven shock wave characterization in solids using fiber optic probes (2015)

Shock wave transmission and propagation in solid media is studied using fiber optic pressure and velocity probes. Shock waves are generated in two experiments using a high power laser facility as well as conventional explosives. Shock wave properties including peak overpressure, mass velocity, shock duration, impulse, arrival time and shock velocity are characterized using fiber tip interferometric displacement sensors and Fabry-Perot pressure sensors. Measurements are conducted in polymethyl methacrylate and limestone. The probes recorded shock pressures up to 0.1 GPa (1 kbar). Measurements from the fiber optic sensors are shown to be in close agreement with measurements from an electrical sensor based on a Dremin loop.
RF-Photonic Frequency Stability Gear Box (2011)

An optical technique based on stability transfer among modes of a monolithic optical microresonator is proposed for long therm frequency stabilization of a radiofrequency (RF) oscillator. We show that locking two resonator modes, characterized with dissimilar sensitivity in responding to an applied forcing function, to a master RF oscillator allows enhancing the long term stability of a slave RF oscillator locked to two resonator modes having nearly identical sensitivity. For instance, the stability of a 10 MHz master oscillator characterized with Allan deviation of 10^-7 at 10^4s can be increased and transferred to a slave oscillator with identical stability performance, so that the resultant Allan deviation of the slave oscillator becomes equal to 10-13 at 10^4s. The method does not require absolute frequency references to achieve such a performance.
An adaptive-rate digital communication system for speech (2002)

Current digital voice communication systems allow only modest levels of protection of the coded speech and often do not follow the dynamic changes that occur in the transmission channel. We present a method that provides optimal voice quality and intelligibility for any given transmission channel condition. The approach is performed via adaptive-rate voice (ARV) coding using an adaptive-rate modem, channel coding, and a multimode sinusoidal transform coder. In general, the receiver utilizes channel state information to not only optimally demodulate and decode the currently corrupted symbols from the channel, but also to inform the transmitter, via a feedback channel, of the optimal strategy for voice/channel coding and modulation format. We compare several source-channel coding schemes at multiple transmission symbol rates and compare the performance to fixed aggregate-rate channel-controlled variable rate voice coding systems.
Distance Dependent Quenching and Gamma-Ray Spectroscopy in Tin-Loaded Polystyrene Scintillators (2016)

In this work, we report the synthesis and inclusion of rationally designed organotin compounds in polystyrene matrices as a route towards plastic scintillators capable of gamma-ray spectroscopy. Tin loading ratios of up to 15% w/w have been incorporated, resulting in photopeak energy resolution values as low as 10.9% for 662 keV gamma-rays. Scintillator constituents were selected based upon a previously reported distance-dependent quenching mechanism. Data obtained using UV-Vis and photoluminescence measurements are consistent with this phenomenon and are correlated with the steric and electronic properties of the respective organotin complexes. We also report fast scintillation decay behavior that is comparable to the quenched scintillators 0.5% trans-stilbene doped bibenzyl and the commercial plastic scintillator BC-422Q-1%. These observations are discussed in the context of practical considerations such as optical transparency, ease-of-preparation/scale-up, and total scintillator cost.
Optimal set-partitioning for super-orthogonal space-time trellis codes (2003)

Space-time trellis codes provide improved error performance for wireless systems using multiple transmit antennas. The authors have shown that such codes can provide full diversity gain as well as additional signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) advantage that they call the coding gain. Code design rules for achieving full diversity are also provided. Using these design rules, examples of codes, not optimal necessarily, with full diversity as well as some coding gain were constructed.
Bioinformatic Prediction and Production of Four Recombinant Proteins from Different Developmental Stages of Trichinella spiralis and Testing of Their Diagnostic Sensitivity in Mice (2021)

The recombinant antigens r-P1, r-P2, r-P3, and r-P4 could be antigens that react with antibodies, they showed high sensitivity in the detection of anti-<i>Trichinella</i> IgG antibodies in mice. Among these proteins, r-P1 may be a candidate antigen for the detection of anti-<i>Trichinella</i> IgG antibodies in the early infection phase and exhibited the best sensitivity among the antigens.
Automatic Key Posture Selection for Human Behavior Analysis (2005)

A novel human posture analysis framework that can perform automatic key posture selection and template matching for human behavior analysis is proposed. The entropy measurement, which is commonly adopted as an important feature to describe the degree of disorder in thermodynamics, is used as an underlying feature for identifying key postures. First, we use cumulative entropy change as an indicator to select an appropriate set of key postures from a human behavior video sequence and then conduct a cross entropy check to remove redundant key postures. With the key postures detected and stored as human posture templates, the degree of similarity between a query posture and a database template is evaluated using a modified Hausdorff distance measure. The experiment results show that the proposed system is highly efficient and powerful
Universal input single-stage PFC AC/DC converter with reduced DC-bus voltage stress (2003)

High DC bus voltage stress and low conversion efficiency limit the practical application for single stage power factor correction (PFC) AC-DC converters. This paper presents a cost-effective approach to alleviate these issues based on a conventional BIFRED AC/DC converter. In the proposed topology, a flyback transformer and a small serial connected inductor are implemented to replace the traditional input PFC inductor, and a cost-efficient lossless snubber is also proposed to reduce the turn-off spike of the main switch. The experimental results of a 20 V@4.5 A prototype indicate that the proposed technique can suppress the DC voltage below 400 V through the entire universal input range, while keeping the efficiency and power factor above 81% and 0.95 respectively.
Dieseline for Supercritical Injection and Combustion in Compression-Ignition Engines: Volatility, Phase Transitions, Spray/Jet Structure, and Thermal Stability (2012)

To optimize the injection–combustion process of increasingly diversified fuels, thermophysical and chemical properties of new blends are required over a wide range of compositions, pressures, and temperatures, including supercritical fluid states. Among the important thermophysical properties, the vapor–liquid equilibrium, as represented by the fluid volatility, is critical. In this study, the volatility of automotive gasoline–diesel fuel (dieseline) blends was determined by the advanced distillation curve method. Distillation curves were constructed for blends of 10, 30, 50, 70, and 90% (v/v) and compared to those of automotive gasoline with octane number 97 and diesel fuel no. 2. The results showed that dieseline volatility is close to that of gasoline at the start of distillation and leans toward that of diesel fuel at the end of the process. A GC-MS analysis of distilled fuel fractions showed that the more labile components of dieseline thermally decomposed at the end of the distillation process. Experiments on thermal stability of dieseline in a batch reactor showed no significant thermal decomposition at 400 °C for 1 h. This reactivity-inhibition of the thermally labile compounds was attributed to the lighter, less reactive fuel components, which, contrary to the case of distillation, were not removed from the system during the batch-heating process. Other experiments showed that this fuel behavior facilitated phase transition from liquid to SC states, with the more chemically stable gasoline acting as an anticoking agent for heated diesel fuel. Compared to unheated fuel, the mixing of heated dieseline with the air upon injection has been improved substantially. This information is essential for efficient fuel systems and combustion chamber designs to optimize supercritical fuel utilization in diesel engines, decrease fuel consumption, and practically eliminate harmful emissions without any after treatment.
A High Dynamic Range CMOS Image Sensor with In-Pixel Floating-Node Analog Memory for Pixel Level Integration Time Control (2006)

In this paper we report a high dynamic range CMOS image sensor (CIS) with in-pixel floating-node analog memory for pixel level integration time control. Each pixel has different integration time based upon the amount of its previous frame illumination. We can implement true CDS technique to reduce reset noise without any additional hardware because we use a floating-node parasitic capacitor as an analog memory. In the fabricated test sensor, we could achieve the extended dynamic range by more than 42dB. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report on the use of pixel-node parasitic capacitor as an analog memory for the extension of dynamic range
Coherence of a spin-polarized electron beam emitted from a semiconductor photocathode in a transmission electron microscope (2014)

The brightness and interference fringes of a spin-polarized electron beam extracted from a semiconductor photocathode excited by laser irradiation are directly measured via its use in a transmission electron microscope. The brightness was 3.8 × 107 A cm−2 sr−1 for a 30-keV beam energy with the polarization of 82%, which corresponds to 3.1 × 108 A cm−2 sr−1 for a 200-keV beam energy. The resulting electron beam exhibited a long coherence length at the specimen position due to the high parallelism of (1.7 ± 0.3) × 10−5 rad, which generated interference fringes representative of a first-order correlation using an electron biprism. The beam also had a high degeneracy of electron wavepacket of 4 × 10−6. Due to the high polarization, the high degeneracy and the long coherence length, the spin-polarized electron beam can enhance the antibunching effect.
Miniature, Linearized silicon photonics modulators for phased array systems (2013)

This paper describes miniature silicon photonics modulators, fabricated in a CMOS compatible technology, suitable for integration with ultra wideband phased array antennas. The Linearized Ring-Assisted Mach-Zehnder Interferometer (L-RAMZI) modulators, formed by integrating two microring phase modulators with an MZI structure, provide linearization of the MZI based modulator transfer characteristic. Record SFDR values for silicon photonics modulators, of 106dB/Hz <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2/3</sup> at 1 GHz and 99dB/Hz <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2/3</sup> at 10GHz are achieved with initial L-RAMZI devices.
Joint Estimation of Pose and Singular Points of Fingerprints (2020)

Fingerprint pose estimation is a challenging problem since the pose is not defined by salient anatomical features and fingerprint images usually suffer from noise and small area. In this article, we proposed a method for joint estimation of pose and singular points of fingerprints, with the expectation that the pose and singular points can improve each other. By virtue of that singular points can be located accurately, we hope to improve the accuracy of pose estimation. Meanwhile, the robustness of pose estimation can improve the anti-noise performance of singular point detection. To achieve this, we propose a multi-task deep neural network, which contains a feature extraction body and two estimation heads for singular point and pose respectively. The proposed network can deal with various types of fingerprints, including plain, rolled and latent fingerprints. Experiments on four databases (NIST SD4, SD14, SD27 and FVC2004 DB1A) show that (1) the estimated poses and detected singular points are close to manual annotations despite of different image qualities; (2) the estimated poses for mated fingerprint pairs are consistent; and (3) the proposed pose estimation method outperforms state-of-the-art methods while utilized as pose constraint for a fingerprint indexing algorithm.
Cross-resistance between rifampicin and KRM-1648 is associated with specific rpoB alleles in Mycobacterium tuberculosis. (2002)

KRM-1648 resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis strains were identified from a collection of rifampicin-resistant strains. Several strains had novel rpoB gene mutations in codons 512, 529 and 533 of the rpoB gene. The strains with mutations in codons 526 or 531, major mutation sites in rifampicin-resistant M. tuberculosis, were resistant to KRM-1648. Also, the strains with other mutations in the rpoB gene that were initially susceptible to KRM-1648 were prone to developing KRM-1648 resistance after further mutation. Thus, KRM-1648 is unlikely to be useful for the treatment of rifampicin-resistant tuberculosis.