gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A Reusable Battery-Free RFID Temperature Sensor (2019)

A new passive radio frequency identification (RFID) temperature sensor is presented for monitoring the temperature of the surrounding environment of perishable goods, such as foods and medicines, in the cold supply chain. Specifically, this sensor self-tunes between 902 and 928 MHz, operating in the RFID UHF band, as the temperature rises or falls beyond a certain threshold. The novelty of this passive sensor is its ability to operate through multiple high-/low-temperature cycles. The design consists of a planar dipole antenna with a customized integrated T-match network (ITMN) that is actuated above a ground plane. The actuation shifts the operating frequency and is controlled by liquid crystal elastomers (LCEs), which are programmable and reversible temperature-dependent polymers. As a result, our design can be reconfigured to operate at various temperature ranges for which the LCE is designed to operate. The analysis is performed to examine the performance of the proposed sensor near practical items and when it is in close-proximity to an additional sensor with varying orientation. Finally, the sensor's performance was validated through full-wave simulations using ANSYS HFSS and measurements. Both the simulation and measurements agreed well with theory.
2-(Alkylthio)penem-3-carboxylic acids II. Chemical manipulation of penem side chains. (1980)

The tert-butyldimethylsilyl group was found to be effective for protection of the hydroxyl group in penem synthesis. Manipulation of the side-chain hydroxyl group of base-sensitive penem-3-carboxylates was successfully conducted by means of a displacement reaction using a combination of triphenylphosphine-diethyl azodicarboxylate in the presence of a nucleophile.
Size-Selected Synthesis of PtRu Nano-Catalysts:  Reaction and Size Control Mechanism (2004)

A rapid synthesis method for the preparation of PtRu colloids and their subsequent deposition on high surface area carbons is presented. The reaction mechanism is shown to involve the oxidation of the solvent, ethylene glycol, to mainly glycolic acid or, depending on the pH, its anion, glycolate, while the Pt(+IV) and Ru(+III) precursor salts are reduced. Glycolate acts as a stabilizer for the PtRu colloids and the glycolate concentration, and hence the size of the resulting noble metal colloids is controlled via the pH of the synthesis solution. Carbon-supported PtRu catalysts of controlled size can be prepared within the range of 0.7-4 nm. Slow scan X-ray diffraction and high-resolution transmission electron microscopy show the PtRu catalysts to be crystalline. The Ru is partly dissolved in the face-centered cubic Pt lattice, but the catalysts also consist of a separate, hexagonal Ru phase. The PtRu catalysts appear to be of the same composition independent of the catalyst size in the range of 1.2-4 nm. Particular PtRu catalysts prepared in this work display enhanced activities for the CH(3)OH electro-oxidation reaction when compared to two commercial catalysts.
Bio-inspired motifs via tandem assembly of polypeptides for mineralization of stable CaCO3 structures (2012)

A macromolecular-assembly of polypeptides constructs a network of anionic and cationic charges vital for recognizing and coassembling Ca(2+) and CO(3)(2-) ions to mineralize and stabilize different mineral forms of CaCO(3) with core-shell or solid morphologies in an aqueous solution.
Local FK506 dose‐dependent study using a novel three‐dimensional organotypic assay (2018)

Local administration of FK506, an FDA approved immunosuppressant with neuroregenerative properties, is a promising technique to achieve improved peripheral nerve regeneration while preventing the side effects associated with the systemic administration of this drug. Although considerable research has been devoted to the development of clinically suitable systems for local delivery of FK506 to the site of nerve injury and repair, the optimal dose of FK506 for enhancement of axon regeneration in the peripheral nerve has not yet been established. To this end, we devised a three-dimensional (3D) organotypic assay capable of mimicking the peripheral nerve. This assay consisted of a neonatal rat dorsal root ganglion (DRG) extending its neurites into the native peripheral nerve scaffold provided by an acellular nerve allograft (ANA). A novel 3D compartmented cell culture system was adapted from the 3D organotypic assay to achieve local delivery of FK506 just to the growing neurites in vitro and establish the required local dose of FK506 for peripheral nerve regeneration. A bimodal dose response was observed by culturing the entire DRG-ANA construct with media containing different concentrations of FK506. Low drug concentration of 1 pg/ml and high drug concentration of 100 ng/ml lead to the longest neurite extension in vitro. Furthermore, regardless of the FK506 concentration, concentrating the drug to the growing neurites resulted in significant increase in both neurite extension and neurite density, an effect that was not observed with the FK506 delivery to both neurites and neural cell bodies within DRG. The findings in this study provide valuable insight into the optimal local dose of FK506 for peripheral nerve regeneration. Furthermore, for the first time, this study suggests the potential interaction of FK506 with axons at the level of the growth cone.
Cryogenic Shutter Mechanism (1989)

Electromagnetic shutter mechanism operates at ambient and cryogenic temperatures to shield optical element, such as mirror, filter, polarizer, beam splitter, or detector, from external light and radiation in cryogenic Dewar equipped with window for optical evaluation. Shutter mechanism in Dewar container alternately shields and exposes optical element as paddle rotates between mechanical stops. Mounted on cold plate of liquid-helium reservoir. Paddle, shaft, and magnet constitutes assembly rotated by electromagnetic field on coil.
Diffuse optical localization of blood vessels and 3D printing for guiding oral surgery (2017)

Diffuse optical imaging through centimeters of tissue has emerged as a powerful tool in biomedical research. However, applications in the operating theater have been limited in part due to data set requirements and computational burden. We present an approach that uses a small number of optical source-detector pairs that allows for the fast localization of arteries in the roof of the mouth and has the potential to reduce complications during oral surgery. The arteries are modeled as multiple-point absorbers, allowing localization of their complex shapes. The method is demonstrated using a printed tissue-simulating mouth phantom. Furthermore, we use the extracted position information to fabricate a custom surgical guide using 3D printing that could protect the arteries during surgery.
Lipid‐Related Barriers and Gradients in the Epidermis<sup>a</sup> (1988)

The stratum corneum, once regarded as a degenerate, inconsequential tissue, is now respected as a structurally heterogeneous and metabolically active tissue. The segregation of lipids into intercellular domains, and the shift in composition from a mixture of polar lipids and neutral lipids to sphingolipids and neutral lipids have important implications for both barrier function and desquamation. Metabolic studies demonstrate the capacity of epidermis to synthesize lipids, the relative autonomy of such synthesis from extracutaneous influences, and the regulation of epidermal lipogenesis by local barrier requirements. Abundant lipid biosynthesis appears to occur in the stratum granulosum, consistent with the rapid recovery of barrier function following solvent treatment. Whereas nonpolar lipids, including sterol esters and hydrocarbons, provide a superficial barrier, sphingolipids and free sterols provide a more profound barrier. In parallel with the synthesis of lipids for barrier function, hydrolysis of phospholipids, glycolipids, and cholesterol sulfate occurs in the outer epidermis leading to a more hydrophobic lipid mixture with the evolution of broad membrane bilayers that may regulate both transcutaneous water loss and desquamation.
Amino Acid Sequence of a Biologically Active Fragment of Bovine Growth Hormone (1972)

Abstract The amino acid sequence of a biologically active fragment, A-II, isolated from a fraction of a tryptic digest of bovine growth hormone which has metabolic activity in humans similar to human growth hormone has been determined. The 37 amino acid peptide was cleaved with cyanogen bromide at its single methionine residue to yield two fragments. The larger fragment corresponded to the NH2-terminal and the smaller peptide (nine amino acids) to the COOH-terminal region. The sequence of 37 amino acids was established by analysis of cyanogen bromide fragments, chymotryptic and tryptic peptides. Good homology was found in the sequence between the bovine growth hormone fragment and peptides occurring in human growth hormone and human chorionic somatomammotropin. This suggests that there may be a common active site in growth hormone of various species.
Plasma bilirubin binding and bilirubin neurotoxicity (2016)

This commentary is on the original article by Amin et al. on pages 297–303 of this issue.
Combined use of a synthetic trail pheromone and insecticidal bait provides effective control of an invasive ant (2011)

Combination treatment may be a more effective and environmentally friendly method for controlling invasive ants than conventional methods. Extermination of ants by insecticidal bait and inhibition of re-infestation by pheromone may be the mechanism of the combination effect. This is the first study to show a significant effect of synthetic trail pheromone on ant population.
HLA Class I Binding Promiscuity of the CD8 T-Cell Epitopes of Human Papillomavirus Type 16 E6 Protein (2006)

One of the critical steps in the progression to cervical cancer appears to be the establishment of persistent human papillomavirus (HPV) infection. We have demonstrated that the lack of cytotoxic T-lymphocyte response to HPV type 16 (HPV 16) E6 protein was associated with persistence and that the potential presence of dominant CD8 T-cell epitopes was most frequently found (n = 4 of 23) in the E6 16-40 region by examining the pattern of CD8 T-cell epitopes within the E6 protein in women who had cleared their HPV 16 infections. The goal of this study was to define the minimal/optimal amino acid sequences and the HLA restricting molecules of these dominant CD8 T-cell epitopes as well as those of subdominant ones if present. Three dominant epitopes, E6 29-38 (TIHDIILECV; restricted by the HLA-A0201 molecule), E6 29-37 (TIHDIILEC; restricted by B48), and E6 31-38 (HDIILECV; restricted by B4002), and one subdominant epitope, E6 52-61 (FAFRDLCIVY; restricted by B35) were characterized. Taken together with a previously described dominant epitope, E6 52-61 (FAFRDLCIVY; restricted by B57), the CD8 T-cell epitopes demonstrated striking HLA class I binding promiscuity. All of these epitopes were endogenously processed, but the presence of only two of the five epitopes could have been predicted based on the known binding motifs. The HLA class I promiscuity which has been described for human immunodeficiency virus may be more common than previously recognized.
Novel First-Level Interconnect Techniques for Flip Chip on MEMS Devices (2011)

Flip-chip packaging is desirable for microelectromechanical systems (MEMS) devices because it reduces the overall package size and allows scaling up the number of MEMS chips through 3-D stacks. In this report, we demonstrate three novel techniques to create first-level interconnect (FLI) on MEMS: 1) Dip and attach technology for Ag epoxy; 2) Dispense technology for solder paste; 3) Dispense, pull, and attach technology (DPAT) for solder paste. The above techniques required no additional microfabrication steps, produced no visible surface contamination on the MEMS active structures, and generated high-aspect-ratio interconnects. The developed FLIs were successfully tested on MEMS moveable microelectrodes microfabricated by SUMMiTV™ process producing no apparent detrimental effect due to outgassing. The bumping processes were successfully applied on Al-deposited bond pads of 100 μm × 100 μm with an average bump height of 101.3 μm for Ag and 184.8 μm for solder (63Sn, 37Pb). DPAT for solder paste produced bumps with the aspect ratio of 1.8 or more. The average shear strengths of Ag and solder bumps were 78 MPa and 689 kPa, respectively. The electrical test on Ag bumps at 794 A/cm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> demonstrated reliable electrical interconnects with negligible resistance. These scalable FLI technologies are potentially useful for MEMS flip-chip packaging and 3-D stacking.
Novel cyanide-hydrolyzing enzyme from Alcaligenes xylosoxidans subsp. denitrificans (1991)

A cyanide-metabolizing bacterium, strain DF3, isolated from soil was identified as Alcaligenes xylosoxidans subsp. denitrificans. Whole cells and cell extracts of strain DF3 catalyzed hydrolysis of cyanide to formate and ammonia (HCN + 2H2O----HCOOH + NH3) without forming formamide as a free intermediate. The cyanide-hydrolyzing activity was inducibly produced in cells during growth in cyanide-containing media. Cyanate (OCN-) and a wide range of aliphatic and aromatic nitriles were not hydrolyzed by intact cells of A. xylosoxidans subsp. denitrificans DF3. Strain DF3 hydrolyzed cyanide with great efficacy. Thus, by using resting induced cells at a concentration of 11.3 mg (dry weight) per ml, the cyanide concentration could be reduced from 0.97 M (approximately 25,220 ppm) to less than 77 nM (approximately 0.002 ppm) in 55 h. Enzyme purification established that cyanide hydrolysis by A. xylosoxidans subsp. denitrificans DF3 was due to a single intracellular enzyme. The soluble enzyme was purified approximately 160-fold, and the first 25 NH2-terminal amino acids were determined by automated Edman degradation. The molecular mass of the active enzyme (purity, greater than 97% as determined by amino acid sequencing) was estimated to be greater than 300,000 Da. The cyanide-hydrolyzing enzyme of A. xylosoxidans subsp. denitrificans DF3 was tentatively named cyanidase to distinguish it from known nitrilases (EC 3.5.5.1) which act on organic nitriles.
Design and manufacturing of active-matrix organic light-emitting microdisplays on silicon (1999)

An organic light-emitting diode (OLED) microdisplay is described. The OLED display has a top-emitting structure integrated on single-crystal active-matrix driver chips and is sealed in a fully hermetic package. All processing and fabrication is done on 8-in. wafers until final dicing and assembly. The basic structure of the displays, the key manufacturing and processing steps, and initial performance of a monochrome green active-matrix OLED device structure are presented. Key advantages of the chosen approach as well as remaining challenges and requirements for improvements are discussed.
Threshold and switching characteristics of a bistable nematic liquid-crystal storage display (1980)

The electrical switching characteristics of a bistable liquid-crystal storage display is described, including the response times, switching mechanism, and a field dependence that exhibits several threshold effects. The origins and properties of these thresholds are discussed in relation to their utility in matrix-addressing applications.
Synthesis of volatile, reactive coinage metal 5,5-bicyclic amidinates with enhanced thermal stability for chemical vapor deposition (2019)

Many microelectronic devices require thin films of silver or gold as wiring layers. We report silver(i) and gold(i) bicyclic amidinate complexes, wherein the constrained ligand geometry lessens the propensity for thermal decomposition. These new volatile compounds provide metallic films of silver and gold during CVD with hydrogen below 230 °C.
Nonlinear adaptive estimation of the state of charge for Lithium-ion batteries (2013)

This paper considers State of Charge (SoC) estimation of Lithium-ion battery. Different from various prior art, where estimation is performed based on local linearization of a nonlinear battery model, a nonlinear adaptive observer is proposed to estimate the SoC and the parameters of a simplified but nonlinear battery model. A major advantage of the proposed approach is the possibility to establish the exponential stability of the resultant error dynamics of state and parameter estimation. Simulation validates the effectiveness of the proposed approach.
Pyrimidine-2,4,6-trione Derivatives and Their Inhibition of Mutant SOD1-Dependent Protein Aggregation. Toward a Treatment for Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (2011)

Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a fatal neurodegenerative disease characterized by the progressive loss of motor neurons, leading to muscle weakness, paralysis, and death, most often from respiratory failure. The only FDA-approved drug for the treatment of ALS, riluzole, only extends the median survival in patients by 2-3 months. There is an urgent need for novel therapeutic strategies for this devastating disease. Using a high-throughput screening assay targeting an ALS cultured cell model (PC12-G93A-YFP cell line), we previously identified three chemotypes that were neuroprotective. We present a further detailed analysis of one promising scaffold from that group, pyrimidine-2,4,6-triones (PYTs), characterizing a number of PYT analogues using SAR and ADME. The PYT compounds show good potency, superior ADME data, low toxicity, brain penetration, and excellent oral bioavailability. Compounds from this series show 100% efficacy in the protection assay with a good correlation in activity between the protection and protein aggregation assays. The modifications of the PYT scaffold presented here suggest that this chemical structure may be a novel drug candidate scaffold for use in clinical trials in ALS.
Beam Codebook Design for 5G mmWave Terminals (2019)

A beam codebook of 5G millimeter wave (mmWave) for data communication consists of multiple high-peak-gain beams to compensate the high pathloss at the mmWave bands. These beams also have to point to different angular directions, such that by performing beam searching over the codebook, a good mmWave signal coverage over the full sphere around the terminal (spherical coverage) can be achieved. A model-based beam codebook design that assumes ideal omni-directional antenna pattern, and neglects the impact of terminal housing around the antenna, does not work well because the radiation pattern of a practical mmWave antenna combined with the impact of terminal housing is highly irregular. In this paper, we propose a novel and efficient data-driven method to generate a beam codebook to boost the spherical coverage of mmWave terminals. The method takes as inputs the measured or simulated electric field response data of each antenna and provides the codebook according to the requirements on the codebook size, spherical coverage, and so on. The method can be applied in a straightforward manner to different antenna type, antenna array configuration, placement, and terminal housing design. Our simulation results show that the proposed method generates a codebook better than the benchmark and 802.15.3c codebooks in terms of the spherical coverage.
(Bi, Pb).sub.2, Sr.sub.2 Ca.sub.2 Cu.sub.3 O.sub.x superconductor and method of making same utilizing sinter-forging (1998)

A (BiPb).sub.2 Sr.sub.2 Ca.sub.2 Cu.sub.3 O.sub.x (Bi223) superconductor with high J.sub.c, phase purity, density and mechanical strength is formed from Bi2223 powder which is synthesized from a mixture of Bi.sub.2 O.sub.3, PbO, SrCO.sub.3, CaCo.sub.3 and CuO. The mixture is milled, then dried and calcined to synthesize the Bi2223 powder with the desired phase purity. The calcination is performed by heating the dried mixture for 50 hours at 840.degree. C. The partially synthesized powder is then milled for 1-4 hours before calcining further for another 50 hours at 855.degree. C. to complete the synthesis. After calcination, the Bi2223 powder is cold pressed to a predetermined density and sinter forged under controlled temperature and time to form a Bi2223 superconductor with the desired superconducting properties.
A cryogen-free open superconducting magnet for interventional MRI applications (1995)

A 0.5 T cryogen-free superconducting magnet with an open geometry has been designed for use in MRI-guided minimally invasive surgery and other interventional procedures. The magnet consists of a split pair of coils to allow surgeons direct access to the patient within the field-of-view of the imaging system. The magnet is wound using Nb/sub 3/Sn tape conductor and is maintained at approximately 10 K using a pair of Gifford-McMahon refrigerators. High-Tc superconducting current leads have been used in order to minimize the heat leak to the magnet. A passive quench protection system was developed for this unique magnet geometry. High quality MR images have been produced and used for interventional procedures. Descriptions of the design, fabrication, and test results of the magnet are presented.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Detecting slow moving targets in SAR images (2004)

Ground moving target indication (GMTI) radars can detect slow-moving targets if their velocities are high enough to produce distinguishable Doppler frequencies. However, no reliable technique is currently available to detect targets that fall below the minimum detectable velocity (MDV) of GMTI radars. In synthetic aperture radar (SAR) images, detection of moving targets is difficult because of target smear due to motion, which could make low-RCS targets fall below stationary ground clutter. Several techniques for SAR imaging of moving targets have been discussed in the literature. These techniques require sufficient signal-to-clutter ratio (SCR) and adequate MDV for pre-detection. Other techniques require complex changes in hardware. Extracting the maximum information from SAR image data is possible using adaptive, model-based approaches. However, these approaches lead to computational complexity, which exceeds current processing power for more than a single object in an image. This combinatorial complexity is due to the need for having to consider a large number of combinations between multiple target models and the data, while estimating unknown parameters of the target models. We are developing a technique for detecting slow-moving targets in SAR images with low signal-to-clutter ratio, without minimal velocity requirements, and without combinatorial complexity. This paper briefly summarizes the difficulties related to current model-based detection algorithms. A new concept, dynamic logic, is introduced along with an algorithm suitable for the detection of very slow-moving targets in SAR images. This new mathematical technique is inspired by the analysis of biological systems, like the human brain, which combines conceptual understanding with emotional evaluation and overcomes the combinatorial complexity of model-based techniques.