gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
An endocannabinoid-regulated basolateral amygdala–nucleus accumbens circuit modulates sociability (2019)

Deficits in social interaction (SI) are a core symptom of autism spectrum disorders (ASDs); however, treatments for social deficits are notably lacking. Elucidating brain circuits and neuromodulatory signaling systems that regulate sociability could facilitate a deeper understanding of ASD pathophysiology and reveal novel treatments for ASDs. Here we found that in vivo optogenetic activation of the basolateral amygdala-nucleus accumbens (BLA-NAc) glutamatergic circuit reduced SI and increased social avoidance in mice. Furthermore, we found that 2-arachidonoylglycerol (2-AG) endocannabinoid signaling reduced BLA-NAc glutamatergic activity and that pharmacological 2-AG augmentation via administration of JZL184, a monoacylglycerol lipase inhibitor, blocked SI deficits associated with in vivo BLA-NAc stimulation. Additionally, optogenetic inhibition of the BLA-NAc circuit markedly increased SI in the Shank3B-/- mouse, an ASD model with substantial SI impairment, without affecting SI in WT mice. Finally, we demonstrated that JZL184 delivered systemically or directly to the NAc also normalized SI deficits in Shank3B-/- mice, while ex vivo JZL184 application corrected aberrant NAc excitatory and inhibitory neurotransmission and reduced BLA-NAc-elicited feed-forward inhibition of NAc neurons in Shank3B-/- mice. These data reveal circuit-level and neuromodulatory mechanisms regulating social function relevant to ASDs and suggest 2-AG augmentation could reduce social deficits via modulation of excitatory and inhibitory neurotransmission in the NAc.
Pulmonary retention of free and liposome-encapsulated tobramycin after intratracheal administration in uninfected rats and rats infected with Pseudomonas aeruginosa (1994)

The pulmonary residence time of free and liposome-encapsulated tobramycin was studied with uninfected rats and rats infected with Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Chronic infection in lungs was established by intratracheal administration of 10(8) CFU of P. aeruginosa PA 508 prepared in agar beads. After 3 days, a single dose (300 micrograms) of free or liposome-encapsulated tobramycin was given intratracheally to both infected and uninfected rats. At various time intervals (0.25 to 16 h) after drug instillations, the remaining tobramycin was evaluated in blood, lungs, and kidneys by a microbiological assay. Intratracheal instillation of liposome-encapsulated tobramycin resulted in high and sustained levels of tobramycin in lungs of uninfected and infected rats over the 16-h period studied; however, the tobramycin levels were two times higher in uninfected rats. There was no tobramycin detected in the blood or kidneys from these animals. In contrast, the intratracheally instilled free tobramycin was cleared within 3 and 1 h from the lungs of uninfected and infected animals, respectively. These data suggest that the encapsulation of tobramycin in liposomes can result in a significant increase of its residence time within lungs. This study also shows that pulmonary infection was associated with a lowering of tobramycin levels in lungs.
Optimal Dimensioning and Performance Analysis of Drone-Based Wireless Communications (2016)

In this paper we present an optimal dimensioning for drone small cells. We extend the traditional models to include transmitter antenna gain patterns and wireless channel multi- path fading. We show that for the enhanced model there exists an optimal drone height which ensures the best performance in terms of various metrics. This analysis and optimization is achieved by averaging performance metrics over all mobile user locations inside the drone coverage area. Numerical and simulation results confirm this optimal drone height in terms of outage probability, bit-error rate and outage capacity.
Low-cost call type classification for contact center calls using partial transcripts (2009)

Call type classification and topic classification for contact center calls using automatically generated transcripts is not yet widely available mainly due to the high cost and low accuracy of call-center grade automatic speech transcription. To address these challenges, we examine if using only partial conversations yields accuracy comparable to using the entire customer-agent conversations. We exploit two interesting characteristics of call center calls. First, contact center calls are highly scripted following prescribed steps, and the customers problem or request (i.e., the determinant of the call type) is typically stated in the beginning of a call. Thus, using only the beginning of calls may be sufficient to determine the call type. Second, agents often more clearly repeat or rephrase what customers said, thus it may be sufficient to process only agents’ speech. Our experiments with 1,677 customer calls show that two partial transcripts comprising only the agents utterances and the first 40 speaker turns actually produce slightly higher classification accuracy than a transcript set comprising the entire conversations. In addition, using partial conversations can significantly reduce the cost for speech transcription.
Designing a collision detection accelerator on a heterogeneous CPU-FPGA platform (2017)

Collision detection algorithms are used to detect when virtual objects collide with one another and calculate the results of these collisions. These types of algorithms are, typically, critical real-time calculations needed for applications such as simulation, tolerance checking, and video games. In this work, we present an implementation of the smallest piece of a collision detection pipeline implemented on Intel's Heterogeneous CPU-FPGA Platform. This platform includes both an FPGA and CPU that allows real-time processing of fine grained applications such as collision detection. We present a heterogeneous implementation that uses the FPGA to accelerate a particular collision detection stage as an accelerated part of a complete collision detection pipeline on a real system to demonstrate how collision detection can benefit from co-processing even in its worst-case implementation. We believe as Intel continues to integrate FPGAs with processors on a single die that algorithms like these need to be both optimized and open sourced to the general computing community <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">1</sup> so that they can be included and studied as part of a full simulation system where the GPU is dedicated to graphics and the CPU cores to world management. In our case, our results show a speedup of 14.81% with the FPGA as compared to a CPU only implementation. The importance of this result is that it demonstrates that even the worst implementation in terms of data communication to computation ratio for collision detection on a real heterogeneous system can be used as an accelerator, and more importantly, this is the starting point for researchers to investigate where these algorithms should be located in the system whether on the traditional CPU cores, the GPU, or a co-processing FPGA.
Monitoring of HV Generator Circuit Breaker Contact Ablation Based on Acoustic Emission (2013)

High-voltage (HV) generator circuit breaker (GCB) is a key protective element for isolating HV generators in case of faults, or operational reasons. GCB typically has a double contact system. During the breaking operation process of the GCB, at first the nominal contact opens; after a while, the arcing contact opens with a minimum time-elapse between the two operations. An arc ignites when the arcing contact opens. This arc should concern the arcing contact only because the nominal contact is not designed to withstand arcs. However, after each operation the arcing contact is slightly ablated because of the arc. The ablation due to arcing makes the contact shorter and shorter. Therefore, the time interval between the two opening operations also gets shorter. For proper operation of the GCB, a minimum time interval for the commutation of the current from the nominal contact system to the ablation contact system has to be assured. In this paper, a noninvasive direct ablation measurement method based on acoustic emission is presented. This is aimed at monitoring the delay in the time instant of the start of arcing contact touch as it gets shorter due to ablation, from the acoustic emission signals. Test results carried out on real breakers substantiate the proposed approach.
Interpretation of AVO anomalies (2010)

Abstract We investigate the effects of changes in rock and fluid properties on amplitude-variation-with-offset (AVO) responses. In the slope-intercept domain, reflections from wet sands and shales fall on or near a trend that we call the fluid line. Reflections from the top of sands containing gas or light hydrocarbons fall on a trend approximately parallel to the fluid line; reflections from the base of gas sands fall on a parallel trend on the opposing side of the fluid line. The polarity standard of the seismic data dictates whether these reflections from the top of hydrocarbon-bearing sands are below or above the fluid line. Typically, rock properties of sands and shales differ, and therefore reflections from sand/shale interfaces are also displaced from the fluid line. The distance of these trends from the fluid line depends upon the contrast of the ratio of P-wave velocity VP and S-wave velocity VS. This ratio is a function of pore-fluid compressibility and implies that distance from the fluid line increases with increasing compressibility. Reflections from wet sands are closer to the fluid line than hydrocarbon-related reflections. Porosity changes affect acoustic impedance but do not significantly impact the VP/VS contrast. As a result, porosity changes move the AVO response along trends approximately parallel to the fluid line. These observations are useful for interpreting AVO anomalies in terms of fluids, lithology, and porosity.
Identification of Multiple 5-HT<sub>4</sub>Partial Agonist Clinical Candidates for the Treatment of Alzheimer’s Disease (2012)

The cognitive impairments observed in Alzheimer's disease (AD) are in part a consequence of reduced acetylcholine (ACh) levels resulting from a loss of cholinergic neurons. Preclinically, serotonin 4 receptor (5-HT(4)) agonists are reported to modulate cholinergic function and therefore may provide a new mechanistic approach for treating cognitive deficits associated with AD. Herein we communicate the design and synthesis of potent, selective, and brain penetrant 5-HT(4) agonists. The overall goal of the medicinal chemistry strategy was identification of structurally diverse clinical candidates with varying intrinsic activities. The exposure-response relationships between binding affinity, intrinsic activity, receptor occupancy, drug exposure, and pharmacodynamic activity in relevant preclinical models of AD were utilized as key selection criteria for advancing compounds. On the basis of their excellent balance of pharmacokinetic attributes and safety, two lead 5-HT(4) partial agonist candidates 2d and 3 were chosen for clinical development.
An evaluation of code similarity identification for the grow‐and‐prune model (2009)

Abstract In case new functionality is required, which is similar to the existing one, developers often copy the code that implements the existing functionality and adjust the copy to the new requirements. The result of the copying is code growth. If developers face maintenance problems, because of the need to make changes multiple times for the original and all its copies, they may decide to merge the original and its copies again; that is, they prune the code. This approach was named the grow‐and‐prune model by Faust and Verhoef. This paper describes tool support for the grow‐and‐prune model in the evolution of software by identifying similar functions that may be merged. These functions are identified in two steps. First, token‐based clone detection is used to detect pairs of functions sharing code. Second, Levenshtein distance (LD) measures the textual similarity among these functions. Sufficient similarity at function level is then lifted to the architectural level. The approach is evaluated by a case study for the Linux kernel. We give examples of instances of the grow‐and‐prune model for Linux. Then, we evaluate our technique quantitatively by measuring recall and precision with respect to an oracle. To obtain the oracle, we asked nine different developers to decide whether they believe certain functions are similar and should be merged. The evaluation shows that the recall and precision of our technique are about 75%. Calculating LD on token values rather than characters is superior. The two metrics strongly correlate but the token‐based calculation reduces runtime by a factor of 4.6. Clone detection is an effective filter to reduce the number of calculations of the relatively expensive LD. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Nanofluids Application for Heavy Oil Recovery (2014)

Abstract The application of nanotechnology in the oil industry has become a useful approach in oil production. The main objective of this study is to investigate the effects of nanofluids on the recovery of heavy crude oil compared to water flooding. The nanofluids are prepared by the addition of pure and mixed nanoparticles; Silicon oxide, Aluminum oxide, Nickel oxide, and Titanium oxide at different concentrations to the saline water. The prepared nanofluids were screened to determine the suitable type for the heavy oil and rock samples subjected to the study. The effects of nanofluids on the interfacial tension and emulsion viscosity were also investigated. Nanofluids flooding tests were performed on heavy oil sample of 17.45 API using Berea Sandstone core samples with an average air permeability of 184 mD, a liquid permeability of 60 mD, and a porosity of 20%. After selecting the recommended type of nanofluid, additional tests were performed including the effects on asphaltene precipitation using a flow assurance system. The experimental results show that, the Aluminum oxide nanofluid at a concentration of 0.05 wt.% reduced the emulsion viscosity by 25%. The mixed nanofluid of Silicon and Aluminum oxide at 0.05 wt.% showed the highest incremental oil recovery among the other nanofluids. This nanofluid is expected to be the best type of chemical flooding due to its performance under reservoir condition (high pressure, temperature, and water salinity) and its capability to oppose asphaltene precipitation.
<title>Reflection and transmission of plane waves in bianisotropic planar grids</title> (1998)

Regular 2D array of bianisotropic particles lying on a certain plane in free space is considered. The array (grid) is assumed to be infinite and the particles are small compared with the wavelength so that the dipole approximation is available. Here we use our recently developed theory of excitation of planar arrays of bianisotropic particles by plane waves. Both electric and magnetic moments of each particle are related between them and depend on the local field. Therefore the standard approach used in the theory of scanning antenna arrays cannot be applied. The analytical model allows to express the electric and magnetic moments induced in each particle through incident wave fields amplitudes. After calculating the electric and magnetic dipole moments induced in such an array by an incident plane wave we can evaluate the scattered fields. We calculate the reflection and transmission coefficients (which are dyadics) and analyze them.
Implementation and Evaluation of a Traffic Light Assistance System Based on V2I Communication in a Simulation Framework (2018)

Cooperative Intelligent Transportation Systems (C-ITS) make the exchange of information possible through cooperative systems that broadcast traffic data to enhance road safety. Traffic light assistance (TLA) systems in particular utilize real-time traffic light timing data by accessing the information directly from the traffic management center. To test the reliability of a TLA system based on networked intervehicular interaction with infrastructure, we present in this paper an approach to perform theoretical studies in a lab-controlled scenario. The proposed system retrieves the traffic light timing program within a range in order to calculate the optimal speed while approaching an intersection and shows a recommended velocity based on the vehicle’s current acceleration and speed, phase state of the traffic light, and remaining phase duration. Results show an increase in driving efficiency in the form of improvement of traffic flow, reduced gas emissions, and waiting time at traffic lights after the drivers adjusted their velocity to the speed calculated by the system.
Identity, Access Management and Single Sign-On Web-based Solutions (2012)

The systems' complexity growth over wide networks has increased the need for a centralized access control and strong authentication methods. And because systems have become increasingly distributed, additional need for single sign on solutions have become even more relevant. The aim of this study is to draw the state of the art on strong authentication solutions for protecting resources over networks and establish an evaluation summary of all the solutions presented. The study also presents the single sign on functionality and different architectures to implement it. This study contains a market review of available commercial solutions that implement strong authentication and single sign on. One of the solution is selected for implementing the authentication service for a payroll management system for one of Accenture clients. The technical details regarding this product are presented including architecture, installation and tests. The tested product needed custom developments to successfully implement the certificate authentication combined with an advanced certificate validation service. The single sign on functionality requires custom development to be integrated with all the system components.
Nectar and honeydew feeding of Phlebotomus papatasi in a focus of Leishmania major in Neot Hakikar oasis. (2004)

Feeding of Phlebotomus papatasi Scopoli on nectar and honeydew was investigated in Neot Hakikar, an oasis in the southern Jordan Valley. Sand flies were caught with miniature light traps in cleared areas with large Tamarix nilotica Bunge bushes, in colonies of the sandrat Psammomys obesus Cretzschmar. Fly series were trapped and compared according to the condition of T. nilotica bushes: with flowers, soiled with honeydew excreted by cicadas, or without flowers. Near flowering bushes the catch was five times greater (7.9: 1.6 flies/trap) and the proportion of sugar-positive flies was also much greater (49.9:17.3%) than near bushes without flowers. The catch was three times greater (6.6:2.2 flies/trap) near cicada- infested than near uninfested bushes. Color markers within the gut, obtained from infested or uninfested bushes that had been sprayed with food dye, indicated feeding of 33.2% and 4.5% of these series, respectively. Sand flies were strongly attracted to flowers of T. nilotica. In similar trap series, those baited with flowering branches caught 231 flies, whereas with baits of honeydew- soiled branches, control regular branches or wet filter paper, the catch ranged between 11 to 15 flies. This study is the first evidence of nectar feeding by sand flies in the field and it indicates that nectar may be an important and an attractive source of sugar.
Multicomponent distributed acoustic sensing: Concept and theory (2017)

Distributed acoustic sensing (DAS) data are increasingly used in geophysics. Lower in cost and higher in spatial resolution, DAS data are appealing, especially in boreholes in which optical fibers are readily available. DAS has the potential to become a permanent reservoir monitoring tool with a reduced sensing time interval. To accomplish this goal, it is critical that DAS can record all wave modes to fully characterize reservoir properties. This goal can be achieved by recording the complete strain tensor consisting of 6C. Conventional DAS provides projections of these components along the optical fiber by observing deformation along the fiber. To obtain the entire 6C strain tensor, we have developed an approach using multiple strain projections measured along optical fibers with judiciously chosen geometry specifically. We evaluate designs combining multiple helical configurations or a single helical configuration together with a straight optical fiber that allow access to multiple strain projections. We group multiple strain projections in a given spatial window to perform reconstruction of the entire strain tensor in a least-squares sense under the assumption that the seismic wavelength is larger than the analysis window size. We determine how optimal optical fiber parameters can be selected using a scan of the entire configuration space and analyzing the condition number associated with the geometry of the optical fibers. We develop our method through synthetic experiments using realistic fiber geometry and wavefields of arbitrary complexity.
Proximity Hybridization Regulated DNA Biogate for Sensitive Electrochemical Immunoassay (2014)

An electrochemical DNA biogate was designed for highly sensitive homogeneous electrochemical immunoassay by combining target-induced proximity hybridization with a mesoporous silica nanoprobe (MSN). The electroactive methylene blue (MB) was sealed in the inner pores of MSN with single-stranded DNA. In the presence of target protein and two DNA-labeled antibodies, the formed proximate complex could hybridize with the DNA strand to form a rigid double-stranded structure and thus open the biogate, which led to the release of MB entrapped in the MSN. The target protein-dependent amount of released MB could be conveniently monitored with a screen-printed carbon electrode. Moreover, the detachment process of MB could be further amplified with an in situ enzymatic recycling binding of the proximate complex with the single-stranded DNA. Using prostate-specific antigen as a model target, the proposed assay showed a wide detection range from 0.002 to 100 ng mL(-1) with a detection limit of 1.3 pg mL(-1). This strategy was simple and universal for various analytes with different affinity ligands. This method possessed great potential for convenient point-of-care testing and commercial application.
Relating the gut metagenome and metatranscriptome to immunotherapy responses in melanoma patients (2019)

This work adds to the growing evidence that gut microbiota are related to immunotherapy outcomes, and identifies, for the first time, transcriptionally expressed metagenomic pathways related to PFS. Further research is warranted on microbial therapeutic targets to improve immunotherapy outcomes.
Enhanced stability of freestanding lipid bilayer and its stability criteria (2016)

We present a new strategy to dramatically enhance the stability of freestanding lipid bilayers. We found that an addition of a water in oil emulsion stabilizer, SPAN 80 to a solvent phase guarantees nearly millimeter-scale stable freestanding lipid bilayers. The water permeability, bilayer area, contact angle, and interfacial tension were measured as a function of time and SPAN 80-to-lipid weight ratio (Φ<sub>SPAN 80</sub>) with several different solvents. Surprisingly, the SPAN 80, instead of remaining in the bilayer, was moved out of the bilayer during the bilayer formation. Also we studied the effect of solvent on freestanding bilayer formation, and found that squalene was the only solvent that was not incorporated into the bilayer. The regime of stable bilayer formation was experimentally determined to be 3/1 < Φ<sub>SPAN 80</sub> < 15/1, and we suggest general stability criteria for bilayer formation. This technique and the suggested stability criteria can be potentially helpful to many model membrane-based researches in life sciences, physical sciences and biomedical engineering fields.