gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Comparison of the Opinions of School Management and Students of the Faculty of Sports on the Use of School Spaces for Physical Activity (2023)

Statutory and by-law regulations determine the functioning of the primary school, and within this also define the way these premises are used. Within the framework of the project Designing guidelines for the quality design of modern school architecture with the aim of supporting a comprehensive sustainable way of living and working in school, an important goal is to establish opportunities for a movement-friendly school. The goal was to check the attitude of school leaders (with many years of experience) and the future professional sports public (without many years of experience) to the use of different school facilities for the realization of supporting physical activity. Questionnaires were filled out by 21 elementary school principals and 72 students in the third year of first-level studies and the first year of second-level studies at the Ljubljana Faculty of Sports. Both groups would make significantly better use of the existing spaces for physical activity, but in comparison, managements are more in favor of the occasional use of school spaces such as classrooms, corridors and multi-purpose halls, outdoor children's and outdoor sports grounds for sports activities; the managements estimate that there are not enough toilets, shower cubicles, hand basins in their schools, both found a lack of foot basins; students notice more that students do not shower after practice; a slightly smaller proportion of management would practice athletics, gymnastics, football and handball in gyms; the proportion of managers who would dedicate corridors and a multi-purpose hall to football in the future is higher, and the proportion of those who plan athletic content on the outdoor children's playground is lower.
Observations on convergence problems of pipeline networks (2002)

Presented in the paper will be a brief introduction to methods of solving pipeline networks and the corresponding electrical analogies. Numerically generated data from a pipeline example will support the argument that two-cycle trapping is created by the nonlinearity in the pipeline network model in the transition fluid flow regime. Second the results will demonstrate that averaging between iteration cycles greatly facilitates the objective of reaching a convergent solution. Lastly, data generated from the one dimensional Feigenbaum model which replicate effects similar to the N-dimensional pipeline model will also be presented.
A 24-GHz CMOS Butler Matrix MMIC for multi-beam smart antenna systems (2008)

A 24-GHz 4-way Butler Matrix MMIC in 0.18-μm CMOS technology is presented. The multi-layer structure of CMOS process is utilized to monolithically realize the bulky Butler matrix on silicon substrate. Particularly, the multi-layer bifilar transformer is introduced to miniaturize the circuit and reduce the signal loss. The implemented CMOS Butler matrix MMIC only occupies a chip area of 0.41 mm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> (excluding I/O pads). The experimental results show that insertion losses are 2.2±0.6 dB from 23 to 25 GHz and the phase errors are within 6°. Therefore, by connecting this Butler matrix to a linear array antenna, four orthogonal beams, pointing to −49°, −15°, 15°, and 49°, respectively, are generated within 0.3° error.
Reduction of quantum noise in optical parametric amplification (1993)

We experimentally demonstrate that a type-II pulsed optical parametric amplifier operated in a phase-insensitive configuration works as a near-perfect classical optical amplifier whose noise figure approaches 3 dB at high gains. We further demonstrate that, when operated in a phase-sensitive configuration, this amplifier works as a quantum-optical amplifier whose noise figure goes below 3 dB and approaches 0 dB at high gains. The noise figure of 1.45 ± 0.2 dB, measured for a gain of 9 dB, is clearly in the quantum regime.
Investigation of Hexane Diffusion in HDPE Particulates for Drying Applications (1996)

Diffusion of n-hexane in high-density polyethylene (HDPE) particulates was studied by nitrogen purging of a hexane-permeated HDPE sample in a small glass cell. By monitoring the decrease in hexane concentration in the cell exit gas, the diffusivity of hexane in HDPE was obtained. The method does not require any alteration of the original HDPE specimen and allows both the intrinsic and effective diffusivities to be determined. Intrinsic diffusion data measured for HDPE powder and pellets using this method were compared with those from HDPE sheets to show the unique diffusion characteristics of the powder. Experimental results at various purge flows revealed that the effective hexane diffusivity in the HDPE powder increased with gas purge velocity before reaching a plateau representing the intrinsic diffusivity. The low effective diffusivity values at low purge velocities can be attributed to particle agglomeration in the powder. The effective diffusivity data for unaltered powder samples have great practical significance in characterizing industrial powder dryers.
Training Symbol Design for Channel Estimation and IQ Imbalance Compensation in OFDM Systems (2012)

In this paper, training symbol designs for estimation of frequency selective channels and compensation of in-phase (I) and quadrature (Q) imbalances on orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) transmitters and receivers are studied. We utilize cross entropy (CE) optimization techniques together with convex optimization to design training sequences having low channel estimate mean squared error (MSE) and minimum effects of I/Q mismatch, while lowering the peak power of the training signals. The proposed design provides better channel estimate MSE and bit error rate (BER) performances and is applicable to OFDM systems with and without null subcarriers. The efficacies of the proposed designs are corroborated by analysis and simulation results.
Interference-Driven Linear Precoding in Multiuser MISO Downlink Cognitive Radio Network (2012)

We consider linear precoding in the downlink of a multiuser multiple-input-single-output (MISO) overlay cognitive radio (CR) network, wherein a primary base station (PBS) and a cognitive base station (CBS) share the same frequency band to transmit to a number of primary users (PUs) and secondary users. Conventionally, linear precoding techniques in a CR network aim to limit or completely cancel interference to the PUs while achieving maximum downlink throughput of the CR system. In this paper, we investigate novel adaptive linear precoding techniques at the CBS to exploit the interference to the primary and secondary systems, instead of its cancellation, by exploring the potential of making use of interference energy when the interference between the two systems is mutually constructive on an instantaneous basis. By doing so, the received signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) is enhanced by the signal energy gleaned from the constructive interference. In this direction, constructive-interference-based adaptive linear precoding techniques are proposed for the CR network, assuming a simple zero-forcing precoder at the PBS and noncausal knowledge of the primary message at the CBS. The presented analysis and simulations show that the proposed precoding techniques outperform conventional techniques, as the CR transmission actively enhances the performance of the PUs through constructive interference while achieving significant throughput for its own transmission.
Temperature Dependence of the Penetration Depth in<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mml:mrow><mml:msub><mml:mrow><mml:mi>Sr</mml:mi></mml:mrow><mml:mrow><mml:mn>2</mml:mn></mml:mrow></mml:msub></mml:mrow><mml:mrow><mml:msub><mml:mrow><mml:mi>RuO</mml:mi></mml:mrow><mml:mrow><mml:mn>4</mml:mn></mml:mrow></mml:msub></mml:mrow></mml:math>: Evidence for Nodes in the Gap Function (2000)

We report measurements of the magnetic penetration depth in single crystals of Sr2RuO4 down to 0.04 K using a tunnel-diode based, self-inductive technique. We observe a power law temperature dependence below 0.8 K, with no sign of a second phase transition nor of a crossover predicted for a multiband superconductor. A power law dependence suggests that the gap function has nodes, inconsistent with candidate p-wave states. We argue that nonlocal effects, rather than impurity scattering, can explain the observed T2 dependence instead of the T-linear behavior expected for line nodes.
Contribution of Borehole Digital Imagery in Core-Log-Seismic Integration (2007)

No abstract available. <br><br> doi:<a href="http://dx.doi.org/10.22 04/iodp.sd.5.07.2007" target="_blank">10.22 04/iodp.sd.5.07.2007</a>
Silica Coated Gold Nanorods for Imaging and Photo-Thermal Therapy of Cancer Cells (2013)

Due to their efficient conversion of absorbed light energy to heat gold nanorods have been proved to be an amazing tool for minimally invasive photo-thermal cancer therapy. The present in vitro study demonstrates the ability of silica coated Au nanorods to function as a dual probe for cancer-cell therapy and imaging without any toxic side-effects. HeLa cells were incubated with silica coated Au nanorods and imaged inside the cell just after 1 hour of incubation by a dark field set up due to strong surface enhanced Raman scattering. To induce hyperthermia, silica coated Au nanorod incubated HeLa cells were illuminated with a diode laser (671 nm, 200 mW, 10 min). Cell destruction was observed even at a very low dose of nanorods, whereas none was observed in the absence of nanorods. Silica coated Au nanorods thus offer a promising, novel class of selective photo-thermal agents for cancer therapy and diagnosis.
Handbook Of Operational Amplifier Active RC Networks (2001)

While in the process of reviewing Texas Instruments applications notes, including those from the recently acquired Burr-Brown – I uncovered a couple of treasures, this handbook on active RC networks and one on op amp applications. These old publications, from 1966 and 1963, respectively, are some of the finest works on op amp theory that I have ever seen. Nevertheless, they contain some material that is hopelessly outdated. This includes everything from the state of the art of amplifier technology, to the parts referenced in the document – even to the symbol used for the op amp itself:
DSP-implementation Of A Multiband Loudness Correction Hearing Aid (2005)

A new multiband loudness correction algorithm for digital hearing aids has been implemented on a digital signal processor (TMS320C25, TI). The short-time amplitude spectrum of the input signal is amplified and compressed according to patient specific lookup tables. Loudness scaling at different frequencies with normal hearing and hearing impaired subjects is performed to obtain frequency and intensity specific gain factors. The loudness of speech signals is estimated using a psychoacoustic model approximation at the frequency bands of maximum energy concentration. After transformation of the signal into the residual auditory field of the hearing impaired subject, the processed signal is perceived at a natural loudness. Speech test results with 5 hearing impaired subjects using their own conventional hearing aid and the new MLC-algorithm are presented.
Medium Flow Rate Regulates Viability and Barrier Function of Engineered Skin Substitutes in Perfusion Culture (2008)

Perfusion culture of engineered tissues improves mass transfer of nutrients and provides flow-mediated mechanical stimulation to the developing constructs, thereby improving their anatomy and physiology in vitro. In this study, the responses to medium flow rate of engineered skin substitutes (ESS) incubated in perfusion at the air-liquid interface were investigated. ESS fabricated with autologous keratinocytes, fibroblasts, and collagen-glycosaminoglycan (GAG) sponges were incubated for 21 days at the air-liquid interface in a custom-built recirculating bioreactor system at flow rates of 5, 15, and 50 mL/min (n = 8 per condition). ESS were evaluated in vitro using histology, 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay, bromodeoxyuridine (BrdU) incorporation, and surface hydration. ESS incubated at 5 and 15 mL/min had histological organization comparable with that of control ESS incubated in static conditions. ESS incubated at 50 mL/min displayed a disorganized epidermal substitute and, at later time points in culture, showed greater degradation of the dermal scaffold. Cell viability measured using MTT assay was significantly higher in ESS incubated at 5 mL/min than in static controls at day 14 (mean +/- standard error of the mean 1.63 +/- 0.11 vs 1.30 +/- 0.14, p < 0.05) and day 21 (1.66 +/- 0.12 vs 1.11+/- 0.15, p < 0.05) of culture. Viability of ESS incubated at 15 mL/min was comparable with that of controls. ESS incubated at 50 mL/min had significantly lower viabilities than controls at all time points. Results of BrdU incorporation data showed that, although ESS incubated at 5 and 15 mL/min were comparable with controls, those incubated at 50 mL/min had fewer proliferating keratinocytes per high-power field than controls (2.77 +/- 0.48 vs 28.1 +/- 0.78, p < 0.05). ESS incubated at 5 mL/min had surface hydration comparable with that of controls, whereas those incubated at 15 mL/min and 50 mL/min had significantly higher surface hydration than static controls at all time points. ESS incubated at a 5 mL/min flow rate and transplanted onto full-thickness wounds on athymic mice demonstrated wound healing comparable with that of controls. From these results, it can be concluded that perfusion culture of ESS at lower flow rates increases cell viability and maintains an epidermal barrier suitable for grafting, whereas higher flow rates lead to deterioration of ESS anatomy and physiology in vitro.
Synthesis and Antibacterial Activities of Novel 4-Hydroxy-7-hydroxy- and 3-Carboxycoumarin Derivatives (2012)

Coumarin derivatives are used as fluorescent dyes and medicines. They also have some notable physiological effects, including the acute hepatoxicity and carcinogenicity of certain aflatoxins, the anticoagulant action of dicoumarol, and the antibiotic activity of novobicin and coumerymycin A1. Because the number of drug resistant strains is increasing at present, the synthesis of new antibacterial compounds is one of the critical methods for treating infectious diseases. Therefore, a series of coumarinsubstituted derivatives, namely 4-hydroxy- and 7-hydroxycoumarins, and 3-carboxycoumarins were synthesized. 4-Hydroxycoumarin derivatives 4a-c underwent rearrangement reactions. Both 4- and 7-hydroxycoumarins were treated with activated aziridines which produced series of ring-opened products 7, 8, 10, and 11. 3-Carboxy-coumarin amide dimer derivatives 14-21 were prepared by reacting aliphatic alkylamines and alkyldiamines with PyBOP and DIEA. In this study, we use a new technique called modified micro-plate antibiotic susceptibility test method (MMAST), which is more convenient, more efficient, and more accurate than previous methods and only a small amount of the sample is required for the test. Some of the compounds were produced by reactions with acid anhydrides and demonstrated the ability to inhibit Gram-positive microorganisms. The dimer derivatives displayed lower antibacterial activities.
A parallel asynchronous distributed production system (1990)

To speed up production systems, many researchers have turned to parallel implementations. We describe a system called PARS that executes production rules in parallel. PARS is novel because it (1) executes many rules simultaneously, (2) runs in a highly asynchronous fashion, and (3) runs on a distributed memory machine. Item (1) improves available concurrency over systems that only perform the MATCH step in parallel. Item (2) reduces bottlenecks over synchronous parallel production systems. Item (3) makes the techniques more available given the lower cost of distributed versus shared memory machines. The two main problems regarding correctness, namely serialization and the maintenance of consistent distributed databases, are addressed and solved. Estimates of the effectiveness of this approach are also given.
Multicontrast late gadolinium enhancement imaging enables viability and wall motion assessment in a single acquisition with reduced scan times (2009)

MCLE provided coregistered images for the assessment of viability and wall motion without loss of accuracy in the assessment of quantitative cardiac parameters. MCLE provides accurate quantitative cardiac assessment with reduced scan times compared to the conventional sequences and thus may be used as an alternative to conventional cine SSFP and IR-GRE imaging.
Statistical Foundations of Econometric Modelling (1986)

This textbook provides an introduction to econometrics through a grounding in probability theory and statistical inference. The emphasis is on the concepts and ideas underlying probability theory and statistical inference, and on motivating the learning of them both at a formal and an intuitive level. It encourages the mastering of fundamental concepts and theoretical perspectives which guide the formulation and solution of problems in econometric modelling. This makes it an ideal introduction to empirical econometric modelling and the more advanced econometric literature. It is recommended for use on courses giving students a thorough grounding in econometrics at undergraduate or graduate level.
Poly(ADP-ribose) Polymerase-1 Down-regulates BRCA2 Expression through the BRCA2 Promoter (2008)

Expression of the BRCA2 tumor suppressor gene is tightly linked to its roles in DNA damage repair and maintenance of chromosomal stability and genomic integrity. Three transcription factors that activate (USF, NF-kappaB, and Elf1) and a single factor that represses (SLUG) BRCA2 promoter activity have been reported. In addition, a 67-bp region (-582 to -516) associated with inhibition of promoter activity has been identified. However, it remains unclear how the 67-bp region contributes to regulation of BRCA2 expression. Here, we describe the affinity purification of a 120-kDa protein that binds to a silencer-binding region within the 67-bp repression region of the BRCA2 promoter. Mass spectrometry revealed the identity of the protein as poly-(ADP-ribose) polymerase-1 (Parp-1). Gel shift, antibody super-shift, and chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) assays demonstrated that Parp-1 is associated with the BRCA2 promoter both in vitro and in vivo. Furthermore, Parp-1 inhibitors (either 3-AB or NU1025) and Parp-1 gene specific siRNA resulted in increased levels of endogenous BRCA2 expression. Inhibition of Parp-1 activity (by 3-AB) reduced histone 3 lysine 9 acetylation and blocked Parp-1 binding to the BRCA2 promoter. These results indicate that Parp-1 down-regulates BRCA2 expression through an interaction with a repression region of the BRCA2 promoter.
(6,6‘-Dimethoxybiphenyl-2,2‘-diyl)bis(diphenylphosphine) (MeO-BIPHEP) as a Six-Electron Donor in [Ru(η<sup>5</sup>-C<sub>8</sub>H<sub>11</sub>)(MeO-BIPHEP)]<sup>+</sup> Cations. Coordination of a Biaryl Double Bond, As Shown by <sup>13</sup>C NMR and X-ray Crystallography (1997)

The reaction of the MeO-BIPHEP complex Ru(OAc)2(1a) (1a = (6,6‘-dimethoxybiphenyl-2,2‘-diyl)bis(bis(3,5-di-tert-butylphenyl)phosphine), with HBF4 and 1,5-COD affords [Ru(η5-C8H11)(1a)]BF4 (4), in which 1a functions as a 6e donor to Ru(II) via an unexpected coordination of one of the biaryl double bonds. The isopropyl analog [Ru(η5-C8H11)(1b)]CF3CO2 (6; 1b = (6,6‘-dimethoxybiphenyl-2,2‘-diyl)bis(diisopropylphosphine)) was prepared by starting from [Ru(CF3CO2)2(1,5-COD)]2 and reveals the same η4-bonding mode. Both complexes were characterized by detailed multidimensional NMR studies, and the X-ray structure for 6 is reported. Although the 31P chemical shifts for this new η4-bonding mode are informative, the 13C resonance positions for the coordinated biaryl carbons are a more reliable criterion for recognizing this type of interaction. These chemical shift data are difficult to obtain using routine 13C measurements, and a long-range 13C,1H-correlation is recommended as the method of choice. Complex 4 exhibits dynamic behavior in solution, as shown by 2-D NOESY. This exchange process can be rationalized by assuming that the double bond dissociates; however, complex 6 does not show an analogous exchange process at ambient temperature.
Wide Angle Impedance Matching techniques for volumetrically scanned phased arrays (2010)

The scan and frequency dependent aperture surface impedance is a useful way to study the effects of the active phased array. The surface impedance of an ideal current sheet diverges for orthogonal E- and H-plane polarizations at large scan angles, based on fundamentals. This phenomenon can be reproduced in the phased array unit cell using modern Finite Element Modeling techniques. It can also be corrected within a limited frequency range using complex conjugate matching schemes, which are also termed Wide Angle Impedance Matching (WAIM) techniques. While these latter techniques often introduce surface wave resonance effects, a parasitic element approach satisfies the complex conjugate condition with minimal surface wave effects. This last approach includes the geometry found in a stacked patch radiator.
Recombinatorial Cloning Using Heterologous Lox Sites (2004)

Recombination systems based on lambda and Cre/loxP have been described to facilitate gene transfer from one vector to another in a high-throughput fashion, avoiding the bottlenecks associated with traditional cloning. However, no system described to date is suitable for the cloning of affinity reagents selected from display libraries, which requires that the recombination signals flanking the affinity reagent are translated with a minimum impact on functionality. As affinity reagents will be essential tools in the functional characterization of proteomes, and display technologies represent the most effective means to generate such affinity reagents on a genomic scale, we developed a Cre/loxP-based system, using mutually exclusive heterologous loxP sites placed 5' (Lox 2372) and 3' (Lox WT) of an affinity reagent (scFv). The translated lox sites have minimal impact on scFv expression or functionality, and, in association with a conditionally lethal gene (SacB) permit efficient, high-fidelity transfer to destination vectors. This approach will considerably facilitate the high-throughput downstream use of affinity reagents selected by display technologies, as well as being widely applicable to general recombinatorial cloning for genomic purposes.
Interleukin 2 production, not the pattern of early T-cell antigen receptor-dependent tyrosine phosphorylation, controls anergy induction by both agonists and partial agonists. (1996)

Full activation of T cells requires signaling through the T-cell antigen receptor (TCR) and additional surface molecules interacting with ligands on the antigen-presenting cell. TCR recognition of agonist ligands in the absence of accessory signals frequently results in the induction of a state of unresponsiveness termed anergy. However, even in the presence of costimulation, anergy can be induced by TCR partial agonists. The unique pattern of early receptor-induced tyrosine phosphorylation events induced by partial agonists has led to the hypothesis that altered TCR signaling is directly responsible for the development of anergy. Here we show that anergy induction is neither correlated with nor irreversibly determined by the pattern of early TCR-induced phosphorylation. Rather, it appears to result from the absence of downstream events related to interleukin 2 receptor occupancy and/or cell division. This implies that the anergic state can be manipulated independently of the precise pattern of early biochemical changes following TCR occupancy, a finding with implications for understanding the induction of self-tolerance and the use of partial agonist ligands in the treatment of autoimmune diseases.