gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Design and robustness issues for highly augmented helicopter controls (1992)

The paper discusses design procedures for achieving a multiple-input , multiple-outpu t, fly-by-wire flight control system for helicopters. It defines an interpretation of ''highly augmented as requiring tight stabilization of all commanded states, including automatic trimming. Design procedures are given that provide physical insights into how control decoupling and desired bandwidths are achieved, using a contemporary attack helicopter as the model. A high-gain, explicit model-following system is shown to meet practical robustness criteria that are designed to validate performance and stability when extremes of the helicopter nonlinear dynamics become part of the control problem. Comparison of this system's performance with published optimal designs based on the same high-order, linear helicopter model is made, showing that these other designs will not meet the proposed practical robustness tests.
On model reference adaptive control for uncertain dynamical systems with unmodeled dynamics (2016)

On model reference adaptive control for uncertain dynamical systems, it is well know that there exists a fundamental stability limit, where the closed-loop dynamical system subject to this class of control laws remains stable either if there does not exist significant unmodeled dynamics or the effect of system uncertainties is negligible. Specifically, this implies that model reference adaptive controllers cannot tolerate large system uncertainties even when unmodeled dynamics satisfy a set of conditions. Motivated from this standpoint, this paper proposes a model reference adaptive control approach to relax this fundamental stability limit, where an adaptive control signal is augmented with an adaptive robustifying term. The key feature of our framework allows the closed-loop dynamical system to remain stable in the presence of large system uncertainties when the unmodeled dynamics satisfy a set of conditions. An illustrative numerical example is provided to demonstrate the efficacy of the proposed approach.
Asymmetric Functionalization of Nanoparticles Based on Thermally Addressable DNA Interconnects (2006)

The synthesis of nanoparticles asymmetrically functionalized with oligonucleotides is reported. The method provides excellent control over the placement of oligonucleotides on the surface of only one hemisphere of each particle (see figure). This new synthetic capability allows one to introduce valency into such structures and then use that valency to direct particle-assembly events. Supporting information for this article is available on the WWW under http://www.wiley-vch.de/contents/jc_2089/2006/c1178_s.pdf or from the author. Please note: The publisher is not responsible for the content or functionality of any supporting information supplied by the authors. Any queries (other than missing content) should be directed to the corresponding author for the article.
The Biotin Switch Method for the Detection of <i>S</i> -Nitrosylated Proteins (2001)

Many of the effects of nitric oxide are mediated by the direct modification of cysteine residues resulting in an adduct called a nitrosothiol. Here, we describe a novel method for detecting proteins that contain nitrosothiols. In this three-step procedure, nitrosylated cysteines are converted to biotinylated cysteines. Biotinylated proteins can then be detected by immunoblotting or can be purified by avidin-affinity chromatography. We include examples of the detection of S-nitrosylated proteins in brain lysates after in vitro S-nitrosylation, as well as the detection of endogenous S-nitrosothiols in selected neuronal proteins.
Airborne elemental iodine loading capacities of metal zeolites and a method for recycling silver zeolite (1977)

Several metal-exchanged zeolites were tested to determine their elemental-iodine loadings in airstreams. Only silver-exchanged zeolite had a high chemisorption capacity for idoine. A method for regenerating and recycling iodine-loaded silver-exchanged zeolite was developed. In conjunction with regeneration, lead-exchanged zeolite was developed for final collection and storage of iodine. Full-scale application of adsorbent technology for iodine recovery from the DOG of LWR reprocessing plants was evaluated. 12 tables, 12 figures, 15 references.
<i>Z</i>-Selective Olefin Metathesis Processes Catalyzed by a Molybdenum Hexaisopropylterphenoxide Monopyrrolide Complex (2009)

The molybdenum-based monoaryloxide monopyrrolide (MAP) species, Mo(NAd)(CHCMe(2)Ph)(C(4)H(4)N)(HIPTO) (2a), which contains "small" imido (Ad = 1-adamantyl) and "large" aryloxide (HIPTO = O-2,6(2,4,6-i-Pr(3)C(6)H(2))C(6)H(3)) ligands, catalyzes Z-selective metathesis reactions as a consequence of intermediate metallacyclobutane species not being able to have an (anti) substituent pointing toward the HIPTO group. Ring-opening metathesis polymerization (ROMP) of dicarbomethoxynorbornadiene (DCMNBD) with 2% 2a in toluene leads to >99% cis and >99% syndiotactic poly(DCMNBD), while ROMP of cyclooctene and 1,5-cyclooctadiene (300 equiv) with initiator 2a leads to poly(cyclooctene) and poly(cyclooctadiene) that have cis contents of >99%; all are previously unknown microstructures. Z-Selectivity is also observed in the metathesis of cis-4-octene and cis-3-hexene by initiator 2a to give cis-3-heptene.
Polyamide 6 Composites with Melamine Polyphosphate and Layered Silicates: Evaluation of Flame Retardancy and Physical Properties (2011)

Abstract The potential synergy of melamine polyphosphate and layered silicates for enhancing the flame retardancy and physical properties of polyamide 6 is investigated. Through melt blending, exfoliated nanocomposites were prepared, suffering, however, from polymer degradation. In the presence of the additives, the ability of polyamide 6 to crystallize was restrained and its thermal stability was deteriorated. Nevertheless, the stiffness of the polymer was increased, yet at the expense of ductility. Apart form stiffness, the additives exerted a positive effect on the fire resistance of polyamide 6; melamine polyphosphate and layered silicates cooperated during combustion to provoke the formation of a superficial protective barrier, yielding materials of inferior flammability. magnified image
Elevation of Granulomatous Lymph-node and Serum Lysozyme in Sarcoidosis and Correlation with Angiotensin-converting Enzyme (1977)

Granulomatous lymph nodes, lungs, and sera from patients with sarcoidosis were investigated for lysozyme and angiotensin-converting enzyme contents to determine whether the sarcoid granulomas might be the source of elevated serum lysozyme and to explore the relationship between lysozyme and angiotensin-converting enzyme in sarcoidosis. Lysozyme was assayed turbidimetrically with Micrococcus lysodeikticus as substrate. Angiotensinconverting enzyme was assayed spectrophotometrically (tissues) and spectrofluorimetrically (serum) with the substrate hippuryl- L-histidyl-L-leucine. Lysozyme was significantly and markedly elevated in sarcoid lymph nodes (9.05 ± 1.53 µg/mg protein; n = 11) compared with normal controls (1.57 ± 0.40 µg/mg; n = 5; p < .01). Serum lysozyme and angiotensin-converting enzyme were significantly, positively correlated in sarcoidosis patients (r = 0.73; p < .01) and generally tended to vary together in patients studied serially with or without steroid therapy. A significant correlation between lysozyme and angiotensin-converting enzyme was also found in five normal and 11 sarcoid lymph nodes (r = .72; p>.01), but this correlation was not significant for the 11 sarcoid lymph nodes alone (r = 0.424; p > .05). Lysozyme in the lung in sarcoidosis (5.66 ± 1.57 µg/mg protein; n = 5) was similar to control levels (5.73 ± 0.66 µg/mg; n = 4), probably due mainly to normally high lysozyme levels in lung and variable fibrosis in the sarcoid lung. It is suggested that active synthesis of lysozyme by the granulomas may be responsible for elevation of this enzyme in the serum in sarcoidosis, and that the biosynthesis of lysozyme and that of angiotensin-converting enzyme may be controlled at a similar high level.
<title>Adaptive color error diffusion to improve halftone smoothness</title> (1997)

An adaptive error diffusion technique for color ink jet printing has been developed to improve halftone smoothness and quality. The technique makes the output color dot distribution smoothly spread apart each other. This reduces color interference noises. In addition, it increases frequency at light tones to result better visual quality. Threshold values for different color plans are determined adaptively depending on the color values and their accumulated errors. For a given CMY(K) color input pixel, the CMY(K) values are summed with errors which were diffused from previously-processed neighboring pixels. The summed CMY(K) values suggest the priority of turning 'ON' colors. Threshold values for CMY(K) are, therefore, ranked and assigned by different values. When we change a threshold value in a single color channel, visually it does not change output tones. This characteristic makes the adaptive threshold result same tones but more smooth dot distribution. In addition, the reduction of printer mechanical registration errors is discussed by the presented error diffusion. It achieves overall quality improvement. Experimental results are provided to show the effectiveness of the technique.
Probability based matching of mass spectra. Rapid identification of specific compounds in mixtures (1974)

Abstract An automated system is described for computer examination of the mass spectrum of an unknown mixture for the presence of a specific compound. The probability that the compound is present is indicated as a ‘confidence index’ K ; 2 K should signify the average number of compounds, selected at random, whose mass spectra would have to be examined to find data which match the target spectrum to the same degree as does the unknown. The value of K is determined by the uniqueness U of the m / e value, the abundance A , and the criterion of abundance agreement W of the matching peaks, and of the compound concentration D in the sample. Application to spectra from a variety of compounds, including illicit drugs, indicates that the system has high sensitivity and selectivity, and that the value of K is a useful index of the reliability of the identification. Initial testing of this system has utilized an automated quadrupole mass spectrometer under control of a dedicated microcomputer with sample introduction through a flash evaporator and membrane separator.
0794 Reduction in Restless Legs Syndrome Symptoms with Non-Invasive Peripheral Nerve Stimulation (2020)

Abstract Introduction Restless Legs Syndrome (RLS) is a sensorimotor neurological condition characterized by an uncontrollable urge to move the legs that interferes with falling and staying asleep. For the over 5 million Americans with clinically significant RLS, these symptoms occur multiple nights per week, significantly impair quality of life, increase the prevalence of depression and anxiety, and increase suicide risk. FDA-approved medications for RLS are associated with progressively worsening RLS symptoms and numerous adverse events, whereas existing medical device treatments have limited efficacy. Methods We evaluated a novel neurostimulation intervention for RLS developed by Noctrix Health; electrical stimulation was applied non-invasively and bilaterally to the peroneal nerve of patients with moderate-to-severe primary RLS. Stimulation parameters were engineered to maximize therapeutic efficacy while minimizing interference with sleep. To assess the therapeutic efficacy of this technique, we conducted a multi-site randomized patient-blinded crossover trial comparing active neurostimulation treatment to a sham device. Following a lab visit for calibration, optimization, and training, each patient was instructed to self-administer each treatment - active and sham - for 14 consecutive nights at home. Results Active neurostimulation treatment resulted in a clinically significant reduction in RLS severity of 4.2 points on the International RLS Rating Scale (IRLS) relative to sham (P&lt;0.01), comparable to FDA-approved medications. Moreover, 79% of patients demonstrated a clinically significant improvement on the Clinical Global Impressions-Improvement scale (CGI-I) compared to 7% for sham (P&lt;0.01). Conclusion To our knowledge, this is the first sham-controlled study demonstrating a clinically significant reduction in RLS severity resulting from a non-pharmacological intervention. This therapeutic effect was sustained over 2-weeks of in-home patient-administered usage, indicating consistent efficacy. A medical device based on this technology could be a promising alternative or complement to medications. Support Funding was provided by Noctrix Health, Inc.
Transient photoacoustic monitoring of pulsed laser drilling (1982)

A noncontact transient photoacoustic technique has been developed to monitor a pulsed laser drilling process. Applicaton to the drilling of holes in a composite epoxy-glass material is presented.
Linear-frequency-modulated continuous-wave radar for vital-sign monitoring (2014)

The application of radar sensors to monitor vital signs is currently receiving much attention. Several radar architectures have been proposed in the technical literature for this task, although with some limitations. Here, a linear-frequency-modulated continuous-wave (LFMCW) approach is analyzed. By extracting the phase of particular range bins, precise tracking of vital signs (e.g., breathing) could be accomplished, outperforming other approaches. A prototype has been built and some experimental data coming from a sinusoidally-moving metal plate are presented. Also, preliminary results for breathing signals are shown and discussed.
Majority Logic Representation and Satisfiability (2014)

Majority logic is a powerful generalization of common AND/OR logic. Original two-level and multi-level logic networks can use majority operators as primitive connective, in place of AND/ORs. In such a way, Boolean functions have novel means for compact representation and efficient manipulation. In this paper, we focus on two-level logic representation. We define a Majority Normal Form (MNF), as an alternative to traditional <em>Disjunctive Normal Form</em> (DNF) and <em>Conjunctive Normal Form</em> (CNF). After a brief investigation on the MNF expressive power, we study the problem of MNF-<em>SATisfiability</em> (MNF-SAT). We prove that MNF-SAT is NP-complete, as its CNF-SAT counterpart. However, we show practical restrictions on MNF formula whose satisfiability can be decided in polynomial time. We finally propose a simple algorithm to solve MNF- SAT, based on the intrinsic functionality of two-level majority logic. Although an automated MNF-SAT solver is still under construction, manual examples already demonstrate promising opportunities.
Integrin-targeted cancer immunotherapy elicits protective adaptive immune responses (2017)

Certain RGD-binding integrins are required for cell adhesion, migration, and proliferation and are overexpressed in most tumors, making them attractive therapeutic targets. However, multiple integrin antagonist drug candidates have failed to show efficacy in cancer clinical trials. In this work, we instead exploit these integrins as a target for antibody Fc effector functions in the context of cancer immunotherapy. By combining administration of an engineered mouse serum albumin/IL-2 fusion with an Fc fusion to an integrin-binding peptide (2.5F-Fc), significant survival improvements are achieved in three syngeneic mouse tumor models, including complete responses with protective immunity. Functional integrin antagonism does not contribute significantly to efficacy; rather, this therapy recruits both an innate and adaptive immune response, as deficiencies in either arm result in reduced tumor control. Administration of this integrin-targeted immunotherapy together with an anti-PD-1 antibody further improves responses and predominantly results in cures. Overall, this well-tolerated therapy achieves tumor specificity by redirecting inflammation to a functional target fundamental to tumorigenic processes but expressed at significantly lower levels in healthy tissues, and it shows promise for translation.
Poly(trimethylene carbonate) from Biometals‐Based Initiators/Catalysts: Highly Efficient Immortal Ring‐Opening Polymerization Processes (2009)

Abstract magnified image The ring‐opening polymerization (ROP) of trimethylene carbonate (TMC) was evaluated in bulk at 60–110 °C using various catalyst systems based on bio‐friendly metals, including the metal bis(trimethylsilylamides) Mg[N(SiMe 3 ) 2 ] 2 , Ca[N(SiMe 3 ) 2 ] 2 (THF) 2 , Y[N(SiMe 3 ) 2 ] 3 , (BDI)Fe[N(SiMe 3 ) 2 ] [BDI=CH(CMeNC 6 H 3 ‐2,6‐ i‐ Pr 2 ) 2 ], Fe[N(SiMe 3 ) 2 ] 2 , Fe[N(SiMe 3 ) 2 ] 3 , Zn[N(SiMe 3 ) 2 ] 2 , (BDI)Zn[N(SiMe 3 ) 2 ] and ZnEt 2 , associated with an alcohol such as isopropyl or benzyl alcohol. The actual metal alkoxide initiating species has been formed in situ prior to the addition of TMC. Introduction of the alcohol component in excess leads to the “immortal” ring‐opening polymerization (ROP) of TMC. According to such an “immortal” ROP process of TMC, whichever the metal species, as many as 200 polycarbonate chains could be successfully grown from a unique metal center in a well controlled ROP process. The best performances were obtained using the discrete (BDI)Zn[N(SiMe 3 ) 2 ] precursor. Under optimized conditions, as many as 50,000 equivalents of TMC could be fully converted from as little as 20 ppm of this metallic precursor, allowing the preparation of a polytrimethylene carbonate (PTMC) with a molar mass as high as 185,200 g mol −1 with a relatively narrow molar mass distribution ( M w / M n =1.68). A double monomer feed experiment carried out with the (BDI)Zn[N(SiMe 3 ) 2 ]/BnOH initiating system proved the “living” character of the polymerization. Characterization of the PTMCs by NMR and size exclusion chromatography (SEC) showed well‐defined α‐hydroxy‐ω‐alkoxycarbonate telechelic polymers, highlighting the controlled character of this “living and immortal” ROP process. Using the (BDI)Zn[N(SiMe 3 ) 2 ] precursor, varying the alcohol (ROH) to 2‐butanol, 3‐buten‐2‐ol or 4‐(trifluoromethyl)benzyl alcohol, revealed the versatility of this approach, allowing the preparation of accordingly end‐functionalized HO‐PTMC‐OR polymers. The very low initial loading of metal catalyst considerably limits the potential toxicity and thus allows such polycarbonates to be used in the biomedical field.
Interleukin-22 directly regulates intestinal stem cell regeneration after tissue damage (MUC8P.722) (2015)

Abstract Little is known about regulation of the intestinal stem cell (ISC) compartment after injury. We hypothesized that IL-22 could promote intestinal regeneration by either acting on ISCs or by acting on Paneth cells (PCs) making up the ISC niche. Utilizing an in vitro regeneration model, we found that organoids derived from murine small intestine (SI) and large intestine (LI) crypts demonstrated substantially increased size after culture with IL-22. Innate lymphoid cell co-culture also increased organoid size in an IL-22-dependent fashion. IL-22 expanded the Lgr5+ ISC pool within SI organoids, activated STAT3 phosphorylation in Lgr5+ cells, and increased size of organoids cultured from purified SI ISCs. Using a murine allogeneic bone marrow transplant (BMT) model, we found that IL-22 administration led to reduced intestinal graft vs. host disease pathology, increased maintenance of Lgr5+ ISCs, and significantly greater ISC proliferation. ISC protection post-BMT was not due to niche augmentation, as PC numbers, PC-derived growth factors (EGF, Wnt3), and stroma-derived growth factors (R-spondin3) were all unchanged after IL-22 administration. IL-22 receptor (IL-22R) staining further indicated a direct effect of IL-22 on ISCs rather than the niche, as PCs were found to express very little IL-22R and demonstrated no evidence of STAT3 phosphorylation upon in vitro culture. In summary, we found that IL-22 regulates epithelial regeneration after tissue damage by acting directly on ISCs.
Tea polyphenols inactivate Cronobacter sakazakii isolated from powdered infant formula (2015)

This study evaluated the antimicrobial activity of tea polyphenols (TP) against 4 Cronobacter sakazakii strains with different sequence types (ST) isolated from powdered infant formula (PIF). The results showed that in normal saline, 5 mg/mL of TP (pH 3.44) could eliminate approximately 7.0 log cfu/mL of C. sakazakii within 1 h; in rehydrated PIF, after acidification with HCl (pH 3.55), TP showed a stronger antibacterial activity compared with the controls (malic acid, ascorbic acid, and citric acid). Further, some differences were obvious in tolerance to TP between C. sakazakii strains with different ST. The tolerance of C. sakazakii CE1 (ST4) to TP was found to be greater than that of the other 3 C. sakazakii strains (ST1, ST8, and ST64). The results of recovered test and transmission electron microscope analysis revealed that the action of TP against C. sakazakii was an irreversible bactericidal process caused by leakage of cytoplasm. Taken together, these results indicated that TP had an effective bactericidal effect against C. sakazakii, and provided a new idea for preventing and inactivating C. sakazakii in PIF.
Development of novel monoclonal antibodies with specific binding affinity for denatured human CD26 in formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded and decalcified specimens (2019)

A 110-kDa type II transmembrane glycoprotein with dipeptidyl peptidase IV (DPPIV) activity in its extracellular region, CD26 has a multitude of biological functions and plays an important role in the regulation of inflammatory responses and tumor biology. Our work has focused on CD26 as a novel therapeutic target for various tumors and immune disorders, and we have recently developed a humanized anti-CD26 monoclonal antibody (mAb), YS110, which has promising safety profile and clinical activity in patients with malignant pleural mesothelioma. The development of an anti-human CD26 mAb that can clearly and reliably detect the denatured CD26 molecule in formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded (FFPE) tissues in the clinical setting is therefore of the utmost importance. To develop novel anti-CD26 mAbs capable of binding to denatured CD26, we immunized mice with urea-treated CD26 protein. Hybridoma supernatants were screened for specific reactivity with human CD26 by immunostaining through the use of a set of FFPE human CD26-positive or negative tumor cell lines. This screening method enables us to develop novel anti-human CD26 mAbs suitable for immunohistochemical staining of CD26 in FFPE non-tumor and tumor tissue sections with reliable clarity and intensity. Specifically, these mAbs display strong binding affinity to denatured human CD26 rather than undenatured human CD26, and are capable of detecting denatured human CD26 in decalcified specimens. These novel anti-CD26 mAbs are potentially useful for the analysis of CD26 expression in cancer patients with bony metastasis, and may help decide the appropriateness of YS110 therapy for future cancer patients.
Wireless circulating current control for parallel connected photovoltaic inverters (2013)

This paper presents a method for minimizing the circulating current between parallel connected photovoltaic inverters. The method is based on a common mode current measurement and on changing the modulator switching frequency. Prior methods for limiting circulating current in parallel connected inverters have not been efficient in long distances. The control method works wirelessly and is not limited by the distance between the inverters.