gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A bootstrapping training technique for obtaining demisyllable reference patterns (1981)

The process of obtaining reference patterns for syllablelike units is tedious and time-consuming. As such, speech recognition systems based on such units are usually tested on only a single talker. In this talk we describe a procedure for using demisyllable reference patterns excised from spoken utterances for one talker, and automatically creating demisyllable reference patterns for a new talker. The procedure is based on dynamic time-warping alignment of the spoken utterances, and the assumption that the optimum warping path identifies the best matching demisyllable within the utterance. The procedure has been used to create demisyllable reference patterns for two new talkers. Recognition tests were performed using the automatically created references with both a 100- and 1109-word vocabulary. Word accuracies greater than 90% were obtained for both talkers on the 100-word vocabulary. Using the 1109-word vocabulary, it was shown that the recognition accuracy using the automatically extracted demisyllables was only slightly worse than the recognition accuracy from reference patterns based on hand corrections applied to the demisyllables.
'Timed atomic write': a programming primitive for distributed embedded systems (2004)

In a distributed embedded system, one or more data items may be moved from one functional module to another through a common buffer that is interposed between them over a network. Here, the computation modules generating and/or disseminating data should agree on what data items are written into the remote buffer, to coordinate their actions on the external environment. Furthermore, a timely effect of these actions requires enforcing deadlines on the processing of data from the remote buffer. We encouch the functionalities of reaching agreement on the data processed through a shared buffer and meeting the time deadlines associated with this data in an abstract programming primitive: 'timed atomic write'. The primitive has a rich semantics in that it enables a consistent view of the processing on data in the buffer by various computation modules over prescribed time intervals. The primitive allows an explicit application-level control of the asynchrony and timing of information flow between various modules. The paper describes the structure and semantics of the 'atomic write' primitive, and illustrates its use in a 'sensor data fusion' application.
Antimicrobial properties of some fatty ester‐amides (1978)

Abstract Twenty‐seven fatty acid derivatives having both the amide and ester functions were screened for antimicrobial activity against a gram‐positive bacterium, Staphylococcus aureus ; a gram‐negative bacterium, Escherichia coli ; a mold, either Aspergillus flavus or A . species; and a yeast, either Candida albicans or Torula species. All of the compounds effectively inhibited at least one of the organisms, and 19 of them were inhibitory against 3 or more. These 27 compounds were derivatives of diethanolamine or of N‐methylethanolamine. The amide acyl moieties included the lauroyl, palmitoyl, oleoyl, erucoyl, benzoyl, and p ‐toluoyl groupings. The ester moieties included the lauroyl, palmitoyl, oleoyl, erucoyl, trimethylacetyl, benzoyl, p ‐toluoyl, and furoyl groupings. The activity exhibited by many of these materials suggests that they may have potential utility as biostatic additives in commercial products.
Presence of a retroviral encapsidation sequence in nonretroviral RNA increases the efficiency of formation of cDNA genes (1990)

We showed previously that retrovirus vector particles can encapsidate RNAs without retroviral cis-acting sequences, that such RNAs are reverse transcribed in infected target cells, and that the cDNA copies are inserted into the host genome resulting in cDNA genes (R. Dornburg and H. M. Temin, Mol. Cell. Biol. 8:2328-2334, 1988). To provide further evidence that this retrovirus-mediated gene transfer occurred through an RNA intermediate, we constructed retroviral vectors containing an intron from a cellular gene. This intron was lost in a cDNA gene formed after infection with retroviral particles, establishing that an RNA intermediate had existed. Retroviral vectors with additional encapsidation sequences were constructed. The presence of a murine leukemia virus encapsidation sequence in an mRNA transcribed from the hygromycin B phosphotransferase gene increased the efficiency of encapsidation into spleen necrosis virus vector particles and the formation of cDNA genes by approximately 2 orders of magnitude.
Non-Peptide Fibrinogen Receptor Antagonists. 2. Optimization of a Tyrosine Template as a Mimic for Arg-Gly-Asp (1994)

Inhibitors of platelet-fibrinogen binding offer an opportunity to interrupt the final, common pathway for platelet aggregation. Small molecule inhibitors of the platelet fibrinogen receptor GPIIb/IIIa were prepared and evaluated for their ability to prevent platelet aggregation. Compound 23m (L-700,462/MK-383) inhibited in vitro platelet aggregation with an IC50 of 9 nM and demonstrated a selectivity of > 24,000-fold between platelet and human umbilical vein endothelial cell fibrinogen receptors. Dose-dependent inhibition of ex vivo platelet aggregation induced by ADP was achieved with i.v. infusions of 0.1-10 micrograms/kg/min of 23m in anesthetized dogs, with 10 micrograms/kg/min completely inhibiting platelet aggregation during the entire 6 h infusion protocol. Platelet aggregatability returned rapidly after the termination of the 23m infusions. These features suggest that 23m may be useful in the treatment of arterial occlusive disorders.
Power-optimal, stabilized entangling gate between trapped-ion qubits (2019)

To achieve scalable quantum computing, improving entangling-gate fidelity and its implementation-efficiency are of utmost importance. We present here a linear method to construct provably power-optimal entangling gates on an arbitrary pair of qubits on a trapped-ion quantum computer. This method leverages simultaneous modulation of amplitude, frequency, and phase of the beams that illuminate the ions and, unlike the state of the art, does not require any search in the parameter space. The linear method is extensible, enabling stabilization against external parameter fluctuations to an arbitrary order at a cost linear in the order. We implement and demonstrate the power-optimal, stabilized gate on a trapped-ion quantum computer.
Ultrasonic Characterization of Tissue Structure in the In Vivo Human Liver and Spleen (1984)

Tissue characterization attempts to provide quantitative information about the state of disease or health of tissue interrogated by an ultrasound beam. A notable feature of diffuse disease processes of the liver and spleen is disuption of the normal tissue architecture. Infiitration by collagenous tissue changes both the histologic features and acoustic properties of the tissue. A model is presented for these changes as a change in the distribution of scattering elements and a technique for estimating this distribution from analysis of the fre- quency spectrum of the ultrasonic echoes returned from tissue is de- scribed. Results obtained from analysis of digitized ultrasonic wave- forms backscattered from the livers of normal volunteers and patients with diffuse liver disease and from the spleens of normal volunteers and patients with Hodgkin's disease indicate that the mean scatterer spacing, determined from this analysis, gives useful information re- lated to histological features that is not available from the ultrasonic image and, in some cases, can provide a valuable discrimination be- tween normal and abnormal tissue.
Modeling and compensation for angular transmission error of harmonic drive gearings in high precision positioning (2009)

This paper presents a novel modeling and compensation approach for the angular transmission error in harmonic drive gearings. In the modeling, physical phenomena of the transmission error due to nonlinear elastic deformations in micro-displacement region are especially dealt with, as well as the synchronous component which has been discussed in a variety of conventional studies. Based on the analyses of the phenomena, the nonlinear elastic component is mathematically modeled by applying a modeling framework for the rolling friction with hysteresis attributes. The proposed transmission error model has been adopted to the positioning system as a model-based feedforward compensation manner. Experimental results using a prototype show the effectiveness of the proposed modeling and compensation.
Matched field processing photoacoustic signals to localize small gas leaks (1998)

Leaks from devices that are filled with pressurized gases and liquids are not only costly to consumers and manufacturers but may also be harmful to the environment. Detecting these leaks and determining their location is a critical process. Previous results have shown that a gas leak small enough to fill a thimble in 5 days could be detected and localized by using photoacoustic signals, two microphones, and Bartlett matched field processing. The present work considers the impact of using the broadband characteristics of the photoacoustic source, adaptive matched field processors, and four microphones. Photoacoustic sound is generated by rapidly scanning a carbon dioxide laser tuned to 10.6 μ over the suspected leak area. Sulfur hexafluoride is the tracer gas. A comparison is made between two-microphone and four-microphone results. Advantages and disadvantages of the adaptive matched field processors when compared to the Bartlett processor for the problem at hand are discussed. Leak location uncertainty due to microphone directivity and microphone placement error is also discussed. Experimental results are presented. [Sponsored by Ford Motor Company.]
Taming Electrical Solitons A New Direction in Picosecond Electronics (2006)

The authors recently introduced the first electrical soliton oscillator that self-generates a periodic, stable train of electrical soliton pulses. The soliton oscillator, which has been historically difficult to realize due to the soliton's instability-prone dynamics, was made possible by combining the well-known nonlinear transmission line supporting electrical soliton propagation with an amplifier that "tames" the instability-prone soliton dynamics on the nonlinear line. The ability to self-generate well-controlled solitons demonstrated in this work offers a new direction in picosecond electronics. This paper reviews this recent work and discusses future extensions
Structure of the S pilus periplasmic chaperone SfaE at 2.2 Å resolution (2002)

S pili are sialic acid binding hair-like appendages expressed by pathogenic strains of Escherichia coli. The presence of S pili has been implicated as a virulence factor in both urinary-tract infections and new-born meningitis. Assembly of S pili proceeds via the ubiquitous chaperone/usher pathway. Previously, structures of the homologous chaperones PapD and FimC involved in assembly of P and type-1 pili, respectively, have been solved. Here, the 2.2 A X-ray structure of the S pilus chaperone SfaE is reported. SfaE has the same overall L-shaped structure as PapD and FimC, with two immunoglobulin-like domains oriented at about a 90 degrees angle to each other. Conserved residues in the subunit-binding cleft known to be critical for chaperone function occupy essentially identical positions in SfaE, FimC and PapD. As in free PapD and FimC, the long F1-G1 loop connecting the two last strands of the N-terminal domain is disordered. SfaE crystallizes as a dimer with an extensive dimer interface involving the subunit-binding surfaces of the chaperone. Dimerization via these regions has previously been observed for PapD and might be a general side effect arising from the subunit-binding properties of periplasmic chaperones. The domain interface contains an extended hydrogen-bond network involving three invariant charged residues and two structurally conserved water molecules. It is suggested that disruption of the domain interactions may destabilize the N-terminal domain through exposure of three conserved hydrophobic residues, thereby promoting release of pilus subunits during pilus assembly.
Automated local bright feature image analysis of nuclear protein distribution identifies changes in tissue phenotype (2006)

The organization of nuclear proteins is linked to cell and tissue phenotypes. When cells arrest proliferation, undergo apoptosis, or differentiate, distribution of nuclear proteins changes. Conversely, forced alteration of the distribution of nuclear proteins modifies cell phenotype. Immunostaining and fluorescence microscopy have been critical for such findings. However, there is increasing need for quantitative analysis of nuclear protein distribution to decipher epigenetic relationships between nuclear structure and cell phenotype and to unravel the mechanisms linking nuclear structure and function. We have developed imaging methods to quantify the distribution of fluorescently stained nuclear protein NuMA in different mammary phenotypes obtained using 3D cell culture. Automated image segmentation of DAPI-stained nuclei was generated to isolate thousands of nuclei from 3D confocal images. Prominent features of fluorescently stained NuMA were detected by using a previously undescribed local bright feature analysis technique, and their normalized spatial density was calculated as a function of the distance from the nuclear perimeter to its center. The results revealed marked changes in the distribution of the density of NuMA bright features when nonneoplastic cells underwent phenotypically normal acinar morphogenesis. Conversely, we did not detect any reorganization of NuMA during formation of tumor nodules by malignant cells. Importantly, the analysis also discriminated proliferating nonneoplastic from proliferating malignant cells, suggesting that these imaging methods are capable of identifying alterations linked not only to the proliferation status but also to the malignant character of cells. We believe that this quantitative analysis will have additional applications for classifying normal and pathological tissues.
Single-mode operation in laterally coupled cavity semiconductor lasers (1986)

Single-mode semiconductor lasers are desirable for fiber-optic communications because their narrow spectrum translates into minimal pulse spreading in a dispersive fiber. Unfortunately, simple Fabry-Perot semiconductor lasers tend to oscillate in several longitudinal modes, particularly under high-frequency modulation. To combat this problem, more complicated laser structures have been proposed, including distributed feedback lasers, distributed Bragg reflectors, and coupled cavity lasers. 1 These last are of particular interest due to their relative ease of fabrication. Thus far, most work has focused on longitudinally coupled lasers. In these devices, the gap between the lasers plays a critical role in determining gain selectivity, and it must be altered mechanically. Recently, we demonstrated operation of a laterally coupled laser pair, in which the coupling between two lasers of dissimilar lengths occurs via the evanescent fields of the individual lasers. 2 In this paper we solve for the threshold gains of a laterally coupled cavity (LC 2 ) laser and present experimental verification of single-mode operation.
A New Family of Full-Bridge ZVS Converters (2004)

A family of soft-switched, full-bridge (FB) pulse-width-modulated (PWM) converters that feature zero-voltage-switching (ZVS) of all bridge switches over a wide range of input voltage and output load with minimal duty cycle loss and circulating current is described. The ZVS of primary switches is achieved by employing two magnetic components whose volt-second products change in the opposite directions with a change of phase shift between the two bridge legs. One magnetic component is a transformer while the other magnetic component is either a coupled inductor or a single-winding inductor. The transformer is used to provide isolated output(s), whereas the inductor is used to store energy for ZVS.
Plenoptic Principal Planes (2011)

We show that the plenoptic camera is optically equivalent to an array of cameras. We compute the parameters that establish that equivalence and show where the plenoptic camera is more useful than the camera array.
Optical Fiber to Waveguide Coupling Technique (1990)

Abstract : A technique for permanently coupling optical fibers edge-on to thin- film waveguides was investigated and its feasibility demonstrated. It offers the fine micropositioner adjustment via a needle vacuum chuck for maximum optical coupling, offers robust mechanical support to the fibers from etched Si V- grooves, separates the support and fine adjustment cementing steps to minimize curing and thermal stresses, relaxes the requirements on fiber circularity and concentricity, is compatible with waveguide devices, and is suitable for close- spaced arrays of fibers. (rh)
Performance Analysis of a Cooperative System with Rateless Codes and Buffered Relays (2011)

In a cooperative relay-assisted communication system that uses rateless codes, packets get transmitted from a source to a destination at a rate that depends on instantaneous channel states of the wireless links between nodes. When multiple relays are present, the relay with the highest channel gain to the source is the first to successfully decode a packet from the source and forward it to the destination. Thus, the unique properties of rateless codes ensure that both rate adaptation and relay selection occur without the transmitting source or relays acquiring instantaneous channel knowledge. In this paper, we show that in such cooperative systems, buffering packets at relays significantly increases throughput. We develop a novel analysis of these systems that combines the communication-theoretic aspects of cooperation over fading channels with the queuing-theoretic aspects associated with buffering. Closed-form expressions are derived for the throughput and end-to-end delay for the general case in which the channels between various nodes are not statistically identical. Corresponding results are also derived for benchmark systems that either do not exploit spatial diversity or do not buffer packets. Altogether, our results show that buffering - a capability that will be commonly available in practical deployments of relays - amplifies the benefits of cooperation.
An Atom Interferometer for Gradient Magnetometry (2008)

Get PDF Email Share Share with Facebook Tweet This Post on reddit Share with LinkedIn Add to CiteULike Add to Mendeley Add to BibSonomy Get Citation Copy Citation Text J. P. Davis and F. A. Narducci, "An Atom Interferometer for Gradient Magnetometry," in Frontiers in Optics 2008/Laser Science XXIV/Plasmonics and Metamaterials/Optical Fabrication and Testing, OSA Technical Digest (CD) (Optica Publishing Group, 2008), paper FThP8. Export Citation BibTex Endnote (RIS) HTML Plain Text Citation alert Save article
Fluorescent-Labeled Poly(ethylene glycol) Lipid Conjugates With Distal Cationic Headgroups (2000)

The synthesis of a new class of fluorescent cationic poly(ethylene glycol) lipid conjugates (CPLs) is described. These lipids consist of a hydrophobic distearoyl-phosphatidylethanolamine (DSPE) anchor coupled to a highly fluorescent N(epsilon)-dansyl lysine moiety, which is attached to a hydrophilic poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) spacer that is linked to a cationic headgroup made of lysine residues. Introduction of the dansyl moiety allows rapid and accurate quantification of CPLs within lipid bilayers using fluorescence techniques. The synthetic scheme is straightforward, using repeated amino-carboxyl coupling reaction steps, with purification by precipitation. A series of dansylated CPLs was synthesized with zero, one, three, and seven lysine residues located at the distal end of the PEG chain, giving rise to CPLs with one, two, four, and eight distal positive charges, respectively. The structures of the CPLs were confirmed by (1)H NMR spectroscopy and chemical analysis. CPLs provide a means of introducing positive charge to a bilayer that is localized some distance from the membrane surface, and are of particular interest for nonviral gene delivery applications. The usefulness of CPLs is demonstrated by the enhanced in vitro cellular binding and uptake of liposomes containing CPL(4).
Telomere shortening is a hallmark of genetic cardiomyopathies (2018)

This study demonstrates that significantly shortened telomeres are a hallmark of cardiomyocytes (CMs) from individuals with end-stage hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) or dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM) as a result of heritable defects in cardiac proteins critical to contractile function. Positioned at the ends of chromosomes, telomeres are DNA repeats that serve as protective caps that shorten with each cell division, a marker of aging. CMs are a known exception in which telomeres remain relatively stable throughout life in healthy individuals. We found that, relative to healthy controls, telomeres are significantly shorter in CMs of genetic HCM and DCM patient tissues harboring pathogenic mutations: <i>TNNI3</i>, <i>MYBPC3</i>, <i>MYH7</i>, <i>DMD</i>, <i>TNNT2</i>, and <i>TTN</i> Quantitative FISH (Q-FISH) of single cells revealed that telomeres were significantly reduced by 26% in HCM and 40% in DCM patient CMs in fixed tissue sections compared with CMs from age- and sex-matched healthy controls. In the cardiac tissues of the same patients, telomere shortening was not evident in vascular smooth muscle cells that do not express or require the contractile proteins, an important control. Telomere shortening was recapitulated in DCM and HCM CMs differentiated from patient-derived human-induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs) measured by two independent assays. This study reveals telomere shortening as a hallmark of genetic HCM and DCM and demonstrates that this shortening can be modeled in vitro by using the hiPSC platform, enabling drug discovery.
<i>In vivo</i>optoacoustic temperature imaging for image-guided cryotherapy of prostate cancer (2018)

The objective of this study is to demonstrate in vivo the feasibility of optoacoustic temperature imaging during cryotherapy of prostate cancer. We developed a preclinical prototype optoacoustic temperature imager that included pulsed optical excitation at a wavelength of 805 nm, a modified clinical transrectal ultrasound probe, a parallel data acquisition system, image processing and visualization software. Cryotherapy of a canine prostate was performed in vivo using a commercial clinical system, Cryocare<sup>®</sup> CS, with an integrated ultrasound imaging. The universal temperature-dependent optoacoustic response of blood was employed to convert reconstructed optoacoustic images to temperature maps. Optoacoustic imaging of temperature during prostate cryotherapy was performed in the longitudinal view over a region of 30 mm (long) × 10 mm (deep) that covered the rectum, the Denonvilliers fascia, and the posterior portion of the treated gland. The transrectal optoacoustic images showed high-contrast vascularized regions, which were used for quantitative estimation of local temperature profiles. The constructed temperature maps and their temporal dynamics were consistent with the arrangement of the cryoprobe and readouts of the thermal needle sensors. The temporal profiles of the readouts from the thermal needle sensors and the temporal profile estimated from the normalized optoacoustic intensity of the selected vascularized region showed significant resemblance, except for the initial overshoot, that may be explained as a result of the physiological thermoregulatory compensation. The temperature was mapped with errors not exceeding ±2 °C (standard deviation) consistent with the clinical requirements for monitoring cryotherapy of the prostate. In vivo results showed that the optoacoustic temperature imaging is a promising non-invasive technique for real-time imaging of tissue temperature during cryotherapy of prostate cancer, which can be combined with transrectal ultrasound-the current standard for guiding clinical cryotherapy procedure.