gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Fabrication of MgB<sub>2</sub>superconducting wires with a hybrid method combining internal-Mg-diffusion and powder-in-tube processes (2014)

We have previously reported that the addition of Mg powder to the B powder layer (B layer) of internal-Mg-diffusion (IMD)-processed MgB2 wires can decrease the amount of unreacted B particles, and hence increase the critical current density (Jc). As the amount of Mg powder is increased, the diameter of the central Mg rod must be reduced in order to maintain an overall Mg:B molar ratio of 1:2, corresponding to stoichiometric MgB2. If this ratio is achieved by the Mg powder alone, then the required diameter of the Mg rod is zero, which means that the IMD process becomes the powder-in-tube (PIT) process. A hybrid process intermediate between the IMD and PIT processes is proposed as a new approach for fabricating MgB2 wires. In the present study, the critical current and microstructure of MgB2 wires fabricated using this method are investigated. It is found that the method yields a higher engineering critical current density (Je, = Jc × MgB2 area fraction, where the MgB2 area fraction corresponds to the ratio of the MgB2 cross-sectional area to the total cross-sectional area of the wire) than that for either the IMD or the PIT method. Compared with the IMD method, the MgB2 layer thickness (the thickness of the MgB2 layer in the transverse cross section) is increased and the diameter of the central hole is decreased, thus increasing the MgB2 area fraction The proposed method also achieves a much higher MgB2 layer density, and thus a much higher Jc, than is possible using the PIT method. The combination of these factors leads to the enhanced Je value of MgB2 wires.
Highly Conducting and Solution-Processable Polyaniline Obtained via Protonation with a New Sulfonic Acid Containing Plasticizing Functional Groups (2000)

International audience
Wide Area Passive UHF RFID System Using Antenna Diversity Combined With Phase and Frequency Hopping (2013)

This paper presents a long range and effectively error-free ultra high frequency (UHF) radio frequency identification (RFID) interrogation system. The system is based on a novel technique whereby two or more spatially separated transmit and receive antennas are used to enable greatly enhanced tag detection performance over longer distances using antenna diversity combined with frequency and phase hopping. The novel technique is first theoretically modelled using a Rician fading channel. It is shown that conventional RFID systems suffer from multi-path fading resulting in nulls in radio environments. We, for the first time, demonstrate that the nulls can be moved around by varying the phase and frequency of the interrogation signals in a multi-antenna system. As a result, much enhanced coverage can be achieved. A prototype RFID system is built based on an Impinj R2000 transceiver. The demonstrator system shows that the new approach improves the tag detection accuracy from to 100% over a 20 m ×15 m area, compared with a conventional switched multi-antenna RFID system.
A set of indicators for arc faults detection based on low frequency harmonic analysis (2016)

In this paper a novel set of indicators is presented for arc faults detection in electrical circuits. The indicators are defined starting from an experimental characterization of the arc fault phenomenon and the study of the arcing current in several test conditions, which were chosen in accordance with the UL 1699 Standard requirements. The proposed parameters are measured by means of a high resolution low frequency spectral analysis of the arcing current, which allows to achieve a good spectral resolution even with short observation windows.
Abstract 4963: <i>ERG</i> expression levels reflect functional status of androgen receptor in prostate cancer (2010)

Abstract Background: Expression of the ERG proto-oncogene, is activated in 50-70% of prostate tumors by androgen receptor (AR) mediated signals due to the fusion of AR regulated promoters (primarily TMPRSS2 and to a lesser extent SLC45A3 and NDRG1) to the ERG protein coding sequence. Our previous studies of quantitative expression levels of ERG or TMPRSS2-ERG fusion transcripts have noted that relatively low or no ERG expression in prostate tumors significantly associated with progressive disease. Here, we have tested the hypothesis that ERG expression levels in prostate tumor cells reflect AR transcriptional regulatory function in a given biological context of the tumor progression. Therefore, tumors with lower ERG may represent a subset with attenuated AR signaling. Experimental procedures: Expression of ERG and other AR regulated genes were evaluated in a GeneChip dataset obtained from a panel of laser capture micro-dissected well/moderately differentiated (WD) or poorly differentiated (PD) tumor cells derived from primary tumors of patients, who had no prior androgen ablation treatment. Results: ERG expression pattern was similar to that of other AR regulated genes. Low frequency of ERG expression was noted in PD tumor cells (30%) in comparison to WD tumor cells (80%), suggesting for subdued AR function in a significant fraction of tumors with genomic alterations of ERG. Conclusions: We developed a cumulative AR Function Index (ARFI) by integrating ERG into a panel of defined AR target genes, may have future potential in stratifying patients for targeted therapy on the basis of overall AR functional status in primary tumors. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 101st Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2010 Apr 17-21; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2010;70(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 4963.
Direct Rel/Nf-κB Inhibitors: Structural Basis for Mechanism of Action (2009)

The Rel/NF-κB transcription factors have emerged as novel therapeutic targets for a variety of human diseases and pathological conditions, including inflammation, autoimmune diseases, cancer, ischemic injury, osteoporosis, transplant rejection and neurodegeneration. Several US FDA-approved drugs may, in part, attribute their therapeutic effects to the inhibition of the Rel/NF-κB pathway. Strategies for blocking the Rel/NF-κB signaling pathway have inspired the pharmaceutical industry to develop inhibitors for I-κB kinase, however, this article focuses instead on identifying natural compounds that directly target and inhibit DNA binding and transcription activity of Rel/NF-κB. These include compounds containing a quinone core, an α,β unsaturated carbonyl and a benzene diamine. By investigating the mechanisms of action of existing natural inhibitors, novel strategies and synthetic approaches can be devised that will facilitate the development of novel and selective Rel/NF-κB inhibitors with better safety profiles.
Foreseeing and active-suppression of anomalous discharge in plasma processing equipment by in-situ monitoring of plasma state using viewing port probe (2005)

We demonstrate for the first time the foreseeing and active suppression of anomalous discharge in a plasma processing equipment. The foreseeing of anomalous discharge is realized by monitoring plasma state using a newly developed viewing-port probe. We have found that a foreseeing signal indicating a slight change in plasma potential appears prior to the occurrence of the anomalous discharge. The time interval between the foreseeing signal and the occurrence of the abnormal discharge is several tens millisecond, which allows to build-up a electric system to control the plasma state. The active suppression of anomalous discharge is demonstrated using a reactive ion-etching system by controlling the applied voltage of electrostatic chuck of wafer stage.
Use of Metal Sulfides as Anode Catalysts in H[sub 2]S-Air SOFCs (2003)

Anode catalysts comprising and composite metal sulfides have been investigated for electrochemical oxidation of hydrogen sulfide in solid oxide fuel cells (SOFCs) at temperatures up to 850°C. All catalysts exhibited good electrical conductivity and catalytic activity at all temperatures. and composite catalysts were found to be more active than Pt, an established catalyst for high-temperature -air fuel cells at 650-830°C. However, itself sublimes above 450°C. In contrast, composite catalysts (M-Mo-S) derived from a mixture of sulfides of Mo and other transition metals (Fe, Co, Ni) have been shown to be stable and effective for electrochemical conversion of in SOFCs up to 850°C. Electrical contact is poor between platinum current collecting layers and metal sulfide anode catalysts. This problem has been overcome by mechanically mixing conductive Ag powder into the anode layer, instead of applying a thin layer of platinum to the anode. © 2003 The Electrochemical Society. All rights reserved.
Lightweight CRC-based Message Authentication. (2015)

Abstract. Low-cost resource-constrained devices can allocate very lim-ited resources for implementing security. At the same time, they still re-quire some level of protection. In this paper, we present a lightweight mes-sage authentication scheme based on Cyclic Redundancy Check (CRC). The presented CRC inherits the implementation simplicity of the conven-tional CRC checksum except that the LFSR implementing its encoding and decoding is made re-programmable. Similarly to previously proposed cryptographic CRCs, it detects both random and malicious errors with-out increasing bandwidth. The main difference from previous approaches is that we use arbitrary instead of irreducible generator polynomials. This eliminates the need for irreducibility tests. We provide a detailed quan-titative analysis of the achieved security as a function of message and CRC sizes. The results show that the presented scheme is particularly suitable for the authentication of short messages.
Serum Levels of microRNAs in Patients with Heart Failure (2011)

Elevated serum levels of specific microRNAs: miR-423-5p, miR-320a, miR-22, and miR-92b, identify systolic heart failure patients and correlate with important clinical prognostic parameters.
Radioactive methods for detecting concrete imperfections and steel locations (2008)

Abstract Non‐destructive testing (NDT) is used extensively in structural forensic engineering to evaluate the quality of reinforced concrete. Identifying imperfections or the location of steel in highly non‐uniform concrete is rather difficult simply because the examination results cannot achieve the desired precision. NDT remains inadequate in numerous situations where the quality of concrete needs to be assessed. This study proposes using penetrative radiation to capture the characteristics of concrete on film. Computers can then be utilized as a post‐processing tool to eliminate image distortion. The magnification (decrease) scales can be determined using image positioning software. The geometric projection principle can then be applied directly to calculate the relative size and position, or void position, of the steel bars. Under laboratory conditions the size and position of the steel in 15‐cm thick concrete can be determined using this method. Most importantly, this method can be achieved via an imaging medium, thereby increasing the practical value of radiation wave inspections in forensic engineering. Key Words: concrete imperfectionssteel sizeradiationmagnification (decrease) scales. Notes Corresponding author. (Tel: 886–3–4581196 ext. 5705; Fax: 886–3–4590208; Email: mcchen@cyu.edu.tw)
Fabrication and field emission study of novel rod-shaped diamond-like carbon nanostructures (2010)

Novel sp(3) rich diamond-like carbon nanorod films were fabricated by a hot filament chemical vapour deposition technique. The results are indicative of a bottom-up synthesis process, which results in a hierarchical structure that consists of microscale papillae comprising numerous nanorods. The papillae have diameters ranging from 2 to 4 microm and the nanorods have diameters in the 35-45 nm range. A growth mechanism based on the vapour-liquid-solid mechanism is proposed that accounts for the morphological aspects at the microscale and nanoscale. Investigation of field emission properties of fabricated nanorods reveals a low turn-on field of about 4.9 V microm( - 1) at 1 nA and a high field-enhancement factor.
Multiframe resolution-enhancement methods for compressed video (2002)

Multiframe resolution enhancement ("superresolution") methods are becoming widely studied, but only a few procedures have been developed to work with compressed video, despite the fact that compression is a standard component of most image- and video-processing applications. One of these methods uses quantization-bound information to define convex sets and then employs a technique called "projections onto convex sets" (POCS) to estimate the original image. Another uses a discrete cosine transformation (DCT)-domain Bayesian estimator to enhance resolution in the presence of both quantization and additive noise. The latter approach is also capable of incorporating known source statistics and other reconstruction constraints to impose blocking artifact reduction and edge enhancement as part of the solution. We propose a spatial-domain Bayesian estimator that has advantages over both of these approaches.
Detecting Pathogenic Social Media Accounts without Content or Network Structure (2018)

The spread of harmful mis-information in social media is a pressing problem. We refer accounts that have the capability of spreading such information to viral proportions as "Pathogenic Social Media" accounts. These accounts include terrorist supporters accounts, water armies, and fake news writers. We introduce an unsupervised causality-based framework that also leverages label propagation. This approach identifies these users without using network structure, cascade path information, content and user's information. We show our approach obtains higher precision (0.75) in identifying Pathogenic Social Media accounts in comparison with random (precision of 0.11) and existing bot detection (precision of 0.16) methods.
Low Resistance Ni-Mg Solid Solution/Pt Ohmic Contacts to p-Type GaN (2004)

We investigate Ni-Mg solid solution (4 nm)/Pt (6 nm) metallization schemes for use in forming high-quality ohmic contacts to p-GaN:Mg The as-deposited Ni-Mg solid solution/Pt contact reveals nonlinear current-voltage characteristics. Annealing the contacts at 450 and 550°C for 1 min in air ambient, however, improves electrical behaviors significantly. For example, specific contact resistance as low as is obtained, when the contacts are annealed at 450°C. Based on the I-V measurement, Auger electron spectroscopy, and X-ray photoemission spectroscopy results, possible ohmic formation mechanisms for the Ni-Mg solid solution/Pt contacts are discussed. © 2004 The Electrochemical Society. All rights reserved.
Superconducting nanowire single-photon imager (2016)

Detecting spatial and temporal information of individual photons is a crucial technology in today's quantum information science. Among the existing single-photon detectors, superconducting nanowire single-photon detectors (SNSPDs) have been demonstrated with a sub-50 ps timing jitter, near unity detection efficiency1, wide response spectrum from visible to infrared and ~10 ns reset time. However, to gain spatial sensitivity, multiple SNSPDs have to be integrated into an array, whose spatial and temporal resolutions are limited by the multiplexing circuit. Here, we add spatial sensitivity to a single nanowire while preserving the temporal resolution from an SNSPD, thereby turning an SNSPD into a superconducting nanowire single-photon imager (SNSPI). To achieve an SNSPI, we modify a nanowire's electrical behavior from a lumped inductor to a transmission line, where the signal velocity is slowed down to 0.02c (where c is the speed of light). Consequently, we are able to simultaneously read out the landing locations and arrival times of the photons from the output electrical pulses using only two connections. We have demonstrated single-photon imaging by using a 19.7 mm long SNSPI, which is meandered into an imaging area of 286 {\mu}m*193 {\mu}m. The nanowire has a temporal resolution of 50 ps for detecting 1.5 {\mu}m photons. The 2D spatial resolution is 13.0 {\mu}m in the vertical direction and 5.6 {\mu}m in the horizontal direction. The maximum number of resolvable locations (i.e., the effective number of pixels) in such a long nanowire is calculated to be 590. Rather than operating an individual detector in a scanning mode or using SPD arrays, this SNSPI gives an alternative approach to taking large-scale single-photon images and measuring temporal and spatial correlation.
Characterization of an abnormal species of apolipoprotein B, apolipoprotein B-37, associated with familial hypobetalipoproteinemia. (1987)

Steinberg and colleagues have previously described a unique kindred with normotriglyceridemic hypobetalipoproteinemia (1979. J. Clin. Invest. 64:292-301). In a reexamination of this kindred, we found an abnormal apolipoprotein (apo) B species, apo B-37 (203,000 mol wt), in the plasma lipoproteins of multiple members of the kindred. In affected individuals apo B-37 was found in very low density lipoproteins, along with the normal apo B species, apo B-100 and apo B-48. High density lipoproteins (HDL) also contained apo B-37, but no other apo B species. The first 13 amino-terminal amino acids of apo B-37 were identical to those of normal apo B-100. We utilized a panel of 18 different apo B-specific monoclonal antibodies and polyclonal antisera specific for apo B-37 and the thrombin cleavage products of apo B-100 to map apo B-37 in relation to apo B-100, apo B-48, and the thrombin cleavage products of apo B-100. The results of those immunochemical studies indicated that apo B-37 contains only amino-terminal domains of apo B-100. In affected individuals, the majority of apo B-37 in plasma was contained in the HDL density fraction. Within that fraction apo B-37 was found on discrete lipoprotein particles, termed Lp-B37, that had properties distinct from normal HDL particles containing apo A-I. This report documents for the first time the existence of an abnormal apo B species in humans. Further study of apo B-37 and lipoprotein particles containing apo B-37 should lead to an improved understanding of apo B structure and function.
Demo (2011)

We demonstrate OPAL [2]- a system for opportunistically aligning advertisement delivery with basestation overload periods, which reduces the total number of times network service is unavailable to users. This system is motivated by two trends: Firstly, as networks get dominated by non-elastic traffic such as video, overload management using admission control will be imminent, thereby exposing network unavailability to users. Secondly, as mobile advertising is rapidly growing, mobile network operators are increasingly interested in leveraging its huge revenue potential, and are also better equipped than any other entity in reaching the users.
Effect of Initial Microstructures before Annealing on Ductility of TRIP-Aided Steel Sheets (2003)

The TRIP-aided steel sheets have been known as the excellent formable high strength steel sheet with high elongation property. However, itsstretch-flangeability, which is another necessary property of products, is inferior. In this research, the stretch-flangeability of the retained austenite steel sheets with the annealed martensitic or bainitic matrix of 0.15C-1.5Si-2.0Mn and 0.20C-1.5Si-1.5Mn steels were investigated.Initial microstructures as bainite, martensite, and ferrite-martensite were prepared by hot rolling, and following annealing heat treatment was applied. These steel sheets applied with such process increase the stretch-flangeability also elongation than the conventional retained austenite steel with polygonal-ferrite matrix and block-like retained austenite. Furthermore, the higher stretch-flangeability shows in the case that initial microstructure of the hot rolled sheet is full-bainite or full-martensite rather than ferrite-martensite microstructure. In these steel sheets, lath-type retained austenite morphology and annealed martensitic or bainitic matrix without polygonal-ferrite causing high HV ratio are considered as effective factors for increasing stretch-flangeability.
Hydrogen From Solar Via Light-Assisted High-Temperature Water Splitting Cycles (2006)

Hydrogen production from solar-driven thermochemical water splitting cycles (TCWSCs) provides an approach that is energy efficient and environmentally attractive. Of particular interest are TCWSCs that utilize both thermal (i.e., high temperature) and light (i.e., quantum) components of the solar resource, boosting the overall solar-to-hydrogen conversion efficiency compared to those with heat-only energy input. We have analyzed two solar-driven TCWSCs: (1) carbon dioxide (CO2)/carbon monoxide cycle; and (2) sulfur dioxide (SO2)/sulfuric acid cycle. The first cycle is based on the premise that CO2 becomes susceptible to near-ultraviolet and even visible radiation at high temperatures (greater than 1300K). The second cycle is a modification of the well-known Westinghouse hybrid cycle, wherein the electrochemical step is replaced by a photocatalytic step. At the Florida Solar Energy Center (FSEC), a novel hybrid photo-thermochemical sulfur-ammonia (S–A) cycle has been developed. The main reaction (unique to FSEC’s S–A cycle) is the light-induced photocatalytic production of hydrogen and ammonium sulfate from an aqueous ammonium sulfite solution. Ammonium sulfate product is processed to generate oxygen and recover ammonia and SO2 that are then recycled and reacted with water to regenerate the ammonium sulfite. Experimental data for verification of the concept are provided.
Prescreening of Nicotine Hapten Linkers in Vitro To Select Hapten-Conjugate Vaccine Candidates for Pharmacokinetic Evaluation in Vivo (2017)

Since the demonstration of nicotine vaccines as a possible therapeutic intervention for the effects of tobacco smoke, extensive effort has been made to enhance nicotine specific immunity. Linker modifications of nicotine haptens have been a focal point for improving the immunogenicity of nicotine, in which the evaluation of these modifications usually relies on in vivo animal models, such as mice, rats or nonhuman primates. Here, we present two in vitro screening strategies to estimate and predict the immunogenic potential of our newly designed nicotine haptens. One utilizes a competition enzyme-linked immunoabsorbent assay (ELISA) to profile the interactions of nicotine haptens or hapten-protein conjugates with nicotine specific antibodies, both polyclonal and monoclonal. Another relies on computational modeling of the interactions between haptens and amino acid residues near the conjugation site of the carrier protein to infer linker-carrier protein conjugation effect on antinicotine antibody response. Using these two in vitro methods, we ranked the haptens with different linkers for their potential as viable vaccine candidates. The ELISA-based hapten ranking was in an agreement with the results obtained by in vivo nicotine pharmacokinetic analysis. A correlation was found between the average binding affinity (IC<sub>50</sub>) of the haptens to an anti-Nic monoclonal antibody and the average brain nicotine concentration in the immunized mice. The computational modeling of hapten and carrier protein interactions helps exclude conjugates with strong linker-carrier conjugation effects and low in vivo efficacy. The simplicity of these in vitro screening strategies should facilitate the selection and development of more effective nicotine conjugate vaccines. In addition, these data highlight a previously under-appreciated contribution of linkers and hapten-protein conjugations to conjugate vaccine immunogenicity by virtue of their inclusion in the epitope that binds and activates B cells.