gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Multi-beam pulsed laser deposition for advanced thin-film optical waveguides (2013)

We discuss our progress in the use of multiple laser beams and multiple targets for the pulsed laser deposition of thin films for waveguide laser and magneto-optic applications. In contrast to the more widely used single-beam/single-target geometries, having more than one laser-produced plume can allow tuning of the material properties and complex engineering of the deposited thin films. For optical applications - the majority of the work reported here - dopants can be selectively introduced, lattice mismatch and residual strain can be compensated, which is an important factor for successful growth of thin films of ~ tens of microns thickness, and refractive index values can be adjusted for fabrication of sophisticated waveguiding structures. We discuss mixed, layered, superlattice and Bragg reflector growth, which involve out-of-plane engineering of the film structure, and in-plane engineered geometries for designs relevant to thin-film disc lasing devices. Finally we briefly discuss our most recent use of multi-plume growth for magneto-optic thin films, which involves compositional tuning of final magnetic properties.
Several mutant p53 proteins detected in cancer-prone families with Li-Fraumeni syndrome exhibit transdominant effects on the biochemical properties of the wild-type p53. (1993)

The identification of germ-line mutations in the p53 gene has provided a situation where comparable amounts of wild-type and mutant p53 co-exist in constitutional cells of certain individuals who are cancer-prone. Here we report the biochemical characteristics of several Li-Fraumeni syndrome associated mutant p53 proteins in order to assess the influence of germ-line mutant p53 on the functions of the wild-type p53. Unlike 248W mutant p53 protein, which was previously shown to have no effect on the wild-type p53 conformation (Milner & Medcalf, 1991; Cell 65, 765-774), germ-line associated mutant p53 proteins with residue 133T, 245D or 258K, converted the wild-type p53 conformation into the mutant conformation. Furthermore, lysates containing cotranslated wild-type p53 and these mutant p53 proteins were significantly impaired for DNA and SV40 large T antigen binding. These observations suggest that at least some germ-line p53 mutants might exhibit dominant effects on wild-type p53 functions and, like other mutant p53 proteins, the phenotype of germ-line mt p53 proteins might be variable depending on the particular mutation.
Calcium-Dependent Protein Kinases Regulate the Production of Reactive Oxygen Species by Potato NADPH Oxidase (2007)

Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are implicated in plant innate immunity. NADPH oxidase (RBOH; for Respiratory Burst Oxidase Homolog) plays a central role in the oxidative burst, and EF-hand motifs in the N terminus of this protein suggest possible regulation by Ca(2+). However, regulatory mechanisms are largely unknown. We identified Ser-82 and Ser-97 in the N terminus of potato (Solanum tuberosum) St RBOHB as potential phosphorylation sites. An anti-phosphopeptide antibody (pSer82) indicated that Ser-82 was phosphorylated by pathogen signals in planta. We cloned two potato calcium-dependent protein kinases, St CDPK4 and St CDPK5, and mass spectrometry analyses showed that these CDPKs phosphorylated only Ser-82 and Ser-97 in the N terminus of St RBOHB in a calcium-dependent manner. Ectopic expression of the constitutively active mutant of St CDPK5, St CDPK5VK, provoked ROS production in Nicotiana benthamiana leaves. The CDPK-mediated ROS production was disrupted by knockdown of Nb RBOHB in N. benthamiana. The loss of function was complemented by heterologous expression of wild-type potato St RBOHB but not by a mutant (S82A/S97A). Furthermore, the heterologous expression of St CDPK5VK phosphorylated Ser-82 of St RBOHB in N. benthamiana. These results suggest that St CDPK5 induces the phosphorylation of St RBOHB and regulates the oxidative burst.
Mapping the reaction pathway in palladium-catalyzed cross-coupling reactions (1990)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTMapping the reaction pathway in palladium-catalyzed cross-coupling reactionsJohn M. Brown and Neil A. CooleyCite this: Organometallics 1990, 9, 2, 353–359Publication Date (Print):February 1, 1990Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 February 1990https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/om00116a010https://doi.org/10.1021/om00116a010research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views461Altmetric-Citations59LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (1)»Supporting Information Supporting Information Get e-Alerts
A Sco homologue plays a role in defence against oxidative stress in pathogenic <i>Neisseria</i> (2003)

Sco proteins are found in mitochondria and in a variety of oxidase positive bacteria. Although Sco is required for the formation of the Cu A centre in a cytochrome oxidase of the aa 3 type, it was observed that oxidases with a Cu A centre are not present in many bacteria that contain a Sco homologue. Two bacteria of this type are the pathogens Neisseria meningitidis and Neisseria gonorrhoeae . The sco genes of N. gonorrhoeae strain 1291 and N. meningitidis strain MC58 were cloned, inactivated by inserting a kanamycin resistance cassette and used to make knockout mutants by allelic exchange. Both N. gonorrhoeae and N. meningitidis sco mutants were highly sensitive to oxidative killing by paraquat, indicating that Sco is involved in protection against oxidative stress in these bacteria.
Activation of the exchange factor Ras‐GRF by calcium requires an intact Dbl homology domain (1997)

Ras-GRF is a guanine nucleotide exchange factor that activates Ras proteins. Its activity on Ras in cells is enhanced upon calcium influx. Activation follows calcium-induced binding of calmodulin to an IQ motif near the N-terminus of Ras-GRF. Ras-GRF also contains a Dbl homology (DH) domain C-terminal to the IQ motif. In many proteins, DH domains act as exchange factors for Rho-GTPase family members. However, we failed to detect exchange activity of this domain on well characterized Rho family members. Instead, we found that mutations analogous to those that block exchange activity of Dbl prevented Ras-GRF activation by calcium/ calmodulin in vivo. All DH domains are followed immediately by a pleckstrin homology (PH) domain. We found that a mutation at a conserved site within the PH domain following the DH domain also prevented Ras-GRF activation by calcium in vivo. These results suggest that in addition to playing a role as activators of Rho proteins, DH domains can also contribute to the coupling of cellular signals to Ras activation.
Constraint-induced movement therapy for upper extremities in stroke patients (2009)

CIMT is a multifaceted intervention: the restriction to the normal limb is accompanied by a certain amount of exercise of the appropriate quality. It is associated with a moderate reduction in disability assessed at the end of the treatment period. However, for disability measured some months after the end of treatment, there was no evidence of persisting benefit. Further randomised trials, with larger sample sizes and longer follow up, are justified.
Stimuli-responsive buckling mechanics of polymer films (2014)

Thin polymer films may undergo a wide variety of elastic instabilities that include global buckling modes, wrinkling and creasing of surfaces, and snapping transitions. Traditionally, these deformations have usually been avoided as they often represent a means of mechanical failure. However, a new trend has emerged in recent years in which buckling mechanics can be harnessed to endow materials with beneficial functions. For many such applications, it is desirable that such deformations happen reversibly and in response to well-defined signals or changes in their environment. While significant progress has been made on understanding and exploiting each type of deformation in its own right, here we focus on recent advances in the control and application of stimuli-responsive mechanical instabilities. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Polym. Sci., Part B: Polym. Phys. 2014, 52, 1441–1461
Indexing Web 2.0 Applications (2009)

Dr. Bella Bose This project aims at implementing Indexing for Web 2.0 applications. Ajax applications consist of a set of states which are generated by the user through actions such as click, focus, blur etc. events. By saving these DOM states we can index information obtained from dynamically generated web content. To prevent indexing of duplicate DOM states, a
Application of functional safety on railways part II: Software development (2011)

As well as modelling & designing part, software development process is another major process in development of railway signalization systems. Early mechanical railway interlocking systems do not need such software development processes where all train traffic is controlled directly from signalboxes via mechanical tools and signalmen. Along with rising train speeds and densities the need of reliable and safe signalization systems including safe software increased. In this study, software development process of a signalization system for a railway yard including related CENELEC (European Committee for Electrotechnical Standardization) software standards is explained.
Understanding Genotypes and Phenotypes in Epileptic Encephalopathies (2016)

Epileptic encephalopathies are severe often intractable seizure disorders where epileptiform abnormalities contribute to a progressive disturbance in brain function. Often, epileptic encephalopathies start in childhood and are accompanied by developmental delay and various neurological and non-neurological comorbidities. In recent years, this concept has become virtually synonymous with a group of severe childhood epilepsies including West syndrome, Lennox-Gastaut syndrome, Dravet syndrome, and several other severe childhood epilepsies for which genetic factors are increasingly recognized. In the last 5 years, the field has seen a virtual explosion of gene discovery, raising the number of bona fide genes and possible candidate genes for epileptic encephalopathies to more than 70 genes, explaining 20-25% of all cases with severe early-onset epilepsies that had otherwise no identifiable causes. This review will focus on the phenotypic variability as a characteristic aspect of genetic epilepsies. For many genetic epilepsies, the phenotypic presentation can be broad, even in patients with identical genetic alterations. Furthermore, patients with different genetic etiologies can have seemingly similar clinical presentations, such as in Dravet syndrome. While most patients carry mutations in <i>SCN1A</i>, similar phenotypes can be seen in patients with mutations in <i>PCDH19</i>, <i>CHD2</i>, <i>SCN8A</i>, or in rare cases <i>GABRA1</i> and <i>STXBP1</i>. In addition to the genotypic and phenotypic heterogeneity, both benign phenotypes and severe encephalopathies have been recognized in an increasing number of genetic epilepsies, raising the question whether these conditions represent a fluid continuum or distinct entities.
Colorectal cancer cell-derived microvesicles are enriched in cell cycle-related mRNAs that promote proliferation of endothelial cells (2009)

Our study demonstrates that CRC cell-derived microvesicles are enriched in cell cycle-related mRNAs that promote proliferation of endothelial cells, suggesting that microvesicles of cancer cells can be involved in tumor growth and metastasis by facilitating angiogenesis-related processes. This information will help elucidate the pathophysiological functions of tumor-derived microvesicles, and aid in the development of cancer diagnostics, including colorectal cancer.
Effect of Al and Y incorporation on the structure of HfO2 (2008)

We have investigated the structural changes in HfO2 thin films upon Y and Al incorporation. The crystallinity of the films is examined by transmission electron diffraction. The local coordination symmetries of the Hf atoms in the films are revealed by the profile of the oxygen K-edge measured in the electron energy loss spectroscopy (EELS). The EEL spectra are then simulated using real-space multiple-scattering method. We found a good agreement between the simulated and the experimental EELS result of the pure HfO2. The Y incorporation indeed stabilized HfO2 to a cubic structure. Nevertheless, it also contributed to possible lattice distortion and/or creation of complex defect states other than O vacancies, causing discrepancies between the experimental and the simulated results. As a comparison, the local symmetry of Hf is largely degraded upon the incorporation of Al, which not only amorphorized HfO2, but also introduced significantly amount of O vacancies in the film.
Research on Control Method of Neural Network for Stacker Crane (2010)

In this paper we analyzed the restriction factor of the stack crane speed, and put forward the adaptive control method of variable speed for stacker. Using the method of neural network we established the relationship between the highest permitted speed and carrying weight, carrying height of stacker. Finally we designed the control system of stacker based on neural network. It is improved that this method can improve the running speed and the efficiency of stacker.
Two classes of capillary optical fibers: refractive and photonic (2008)

This paper is a digest tutorial on some properties of capillary optical fibers (COF). Two basic types of capillary optical fibers are clearly distinguished. The classification is based on propagation mechanism of optical wave. The refractive, singlemode COF guides a dark hollow beam of light (DHB) with zero intensity on fiber axis. The photonic, singlemode COF carries nearly a perfect axial Gaussian beam with maximum intensity on fiber axis. A subject of the paper are these two basic kinds of capillary optical fibers of pure refractive and pure photonic mechanism of guided wave transmission. In a real capillary the wave may be transmitted by a mixed mechanism, refractive and photonic, with strong interaction of photonic and refractive guided wave modes. Refractive capillary optical fibers are used widely for photonic instrumentation applications, while photonic capillary optical fibers are considered for trunk optical communications. Replacement of classical, single mode, dispersion shifted, 1550nm optimized optical fibers for communications with photonic capillaries would potentially cause a next serious revolution in optical communications. The predictions say that such a revolution may happen within this decade. This dream is however not fulfilled yet. The paper compares guided modes in both kinds of optical fiber capillaries: refractive and photonic. The differences are emphasized indicating prospective application areas of these fibers.
Laboratory Corrosion Testing of Medical Implants (2003)

Performance evaluation of implantable devices is not new to medical device manufacturers, specifically implant manufacturers. A focus on corrosion resistance of implant devices has prompted members of the medical device industry, along with the United States Food and Drug Administration [USFDA] to set forth a guide for performance testing. Although actual corrosion resistance of a material can only be proven through long-term clinical trials, accelerated laboratory tests can be used to predict certain effects. Because corrosion of metals is an electrochemical process, accepted electrochemical testing techniques are used very effectively in the CPI (Chemical Process Industry) [namely ASTM G5, G61, and G71] have been adopted for use. Inconsistencies among laboratories, employing differing protocols, have resulted in varying interpretations by even the most experienced electrochemists and corrosion scientists. Some of the most widely used standard tests are also the most widely abused and misinterpreted, especially by persons who are less aware of materials properties. Since the USFDA provides no clear direction to testing, a modified electrochemical standard [ASTM F2129] has been adopted to address concerns regarding test environment, voltage scan rate, device configuration, and test protocol. The remaining issue is the establishment of an acceptance criterion.
Immune responses to human cancer stem‐like cells/cancer‐initiating cells (2015)

Cancer stem-like cells (CSC)/cancer-initiating cells (CIC) are defined as minor subpopulations of cancer cells that are endowed with properties of higher tumor-initiating ability, self-renewal ability and differentiation ability. Accumulating results of recent studies have revealed that CSC/CIC are resistant to standard cancer therapies, including chemotherapy, radiotherapy and molecular targeting therapy, and eradiation of CSC/CIC is, thus, critical to cure cancer. Cancer immunotherapy is expected to become the "fourth" cancer therapy. Cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTL) play an essential role in immune responses to cancers, and CTL can recognize CSC/CIC in an antigen-specific manner. CSC/CIC express several tumor-associated antigens (TAA), and cancer testis (CT) antigens are reasonable sources for CSC/CIC-targeting immunotherapy. In this review article, we discuss CSC/CIC recognition by CTL, regulation of immune systems by CSC/CIC, TAA expression in CSC/CIC, and the advantages of CSC/CIC-targeting immunotherapy.
Inside out: optimization of lipid nanoparticle formulations for exterior complexation and in vivo delivery of saRNA (2019)

Self-amplifying RNA (saRNA) is a promising biotherapeutic tool that has been used as a vaccine against both infectious diseases and cancer. saRNA has been shown to induce protein expression for up to 60 days and elicit immune responses with lower dosing than messenger RNA (mRNA). Because saRNA is a large (~9500 nt), negatively charged molecule, it requires a delivery vehicle for efficient cellular uptake and degradation protection. Lipid nanoparticles (LNPs) have been widely used for RNA formulations, where the prevailing paradigm is to encapsulate RNA within the particle, including the first FDA-approved small-interfering siRNA therapy. Here, we compared LNP formulations with cationic and ionizable lipids with saRNA either on the interior or exterior of the particle. We show that LNPs formulated with cationic lipids protect saRNA from RNAse degradation, even when it is adsorbed to the surface. Furthermore, cationic LNPs deliver saRNA equivalently to particles formulated with saRNA encapsulated in an ionizable lipid particle, both in vitro and in vivo. Finally, we show that cationic and ionizable LNP formulations induce equivalent antibodies against HIV-1 Env gp140 as a model antigen. These studies establish formulating saRNA on the surface of cationic LNPs as an alternative to the paradigm of encapsulating RNA.
Raman microspectroscopy analysis of pressure-induced metallization in scratching of silicon (2001)

A single-point diamond turning machine was used to make grooves on (111) p-type single-crystal silicon wafers at room temperature. Scratch tests have been performed with both sharp (Vickers and conical) diamond tools, and a spherical (Rockwell) diamond tool. Our results showed that material removal mechanisms differed between these tools. Pressure-induced metallization of Si allows the ductile regime mechanical micromachining of wafer surfaces. Raman microspectroscopy and electron microscopy were used to determine the machining parameters that do not introduce cracking or other types of damage. The surface of the groove, after machining, was covered by a mixture of metastable, high-pressure silicon phases and amorphous silicon. Further, these phases can be transformed into cubic silicon by annealing. The maximum depth of cut in the ductile regime has been determined for the given scratch test conditions and tools. The developed technique can be used to machine Ge, GaAs and other semiconductors. Applications drawing from this research are many. For example, channels for microfluidic devices can be engraved with a channel cross-section that is determined by the shape of the tool, which allows patterns that cannot be produced using etching. There are no limitations on the channel length or direction, and the channel width can vary from potentially a few nanometres to several micrometres.
A CMOS camera-based system for clinical photoplethysmographic applications (2005)

In this work an image-based photoplethysmography (PPG) system is developed and tested against a conventional finger-based system as commonly used in clinical practise. A PPG is essentially an optical instrument consisting of a near infrared (NIR) source and detector that is capable of tracking blood flow changes in body tissue. When used with a number of wavelengths in the NIR band blood oxygenation changes as well as other blood chemical signatures can be ascertained yielding a very useful device in the clinical realm. Conventionally such a device requires direct contact with the tissue under investigation which eliminates the possibility of its use for applications like wound management where the tissue oxygenation measurement could be extremely useful. To circumnavigate this shortcoming we have developed a CMOS camera-based system, which can successfully extract the PPG signal without contact with the tissue under investigation. A comparison of our results with conventional techniques has yielded excellent results.
Comparison of the Hydrolysis of Cyclic<i>Meso</i>-Diesters with PIG Liver Esterase (PLE) and Rabbit Liver Esterase (RLE) (1995)

A series of cyclic dimethyl meso-dicarboxylates including three-, four-, five- and six-membered rings with various substituents as well as norbornene derivatives were hydrolyzed with pig liver esterase and rabbit liver esterase. No obvious similarity concerning the determined enantioselectivities and reaction half life times was observed comparing the two enzymes. Pig liver esterase was more suitable for producing enantiomerically pure compounds hydrolysing cyclic meso-diesters, whereas rabbit liver esterase showed acceptable ee values only in the case of aliphatic small ring diesters.