gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
The Evaluation of Triphenyl Phosphate as A Flame Retardant Additive to Improve The Safety of Lithium-Ion Battery Electrolytes (2011)

With the intent of improving the safety characteristics of lithium-ion cells, electrolytes containing flame retardant additives have been investigated. A number of triphenyl phosphate (TPP)-containing electrolytes were evaluated in both coin cells and experimental three electrode lithium-ion cells (containing reference electrodes). A number of chemistries were investigated, including MCMB carbon/LiNi0.8Co0.2O2 (NCO), graphite/ LiNi0.8Co0.15Al0.05O2 (NCA), Li/Li(Li0.17Ni0.25Mn0.58)O2, Li/LiNiMnCoO2 (NMC) and graphite/LiNiMnCoO2 (NMC), to study the effect that different electrolyte compositions have upon performance. A wide range of TPP-containing electrolytes were demonstrated to have good compatibility with the C/NCO, C/NCA, and Li/NMC systems, however, poor performance was initially observed with the high voltage C/NMC system. This necessitated the development of improved electrolytes with stabilizing additives, leading to formulations containing lithium bis(oxalato)borate (LiBOB) that displayed substantially improved performance
Analysis of Doubly Corrugated Spoof Surface Plasmon Polariton (DC-SSPP) Structure With Sub-Wavelength Transmission at THz Frequencies (2012)

Devices utilizing spoof surface plasmon polariton (SSPP) effect in the terahertz (THz) domain has attracted increasing attention because such devices can be potentially used in fast signal processing and storages. In this paper, we present a comprehensive mathematical model of the doubly corrugated SSPP (DC-SSPP) structure derived from full-field analysis. Based on the proposed model, a complete characterization of the structure is carried out and properties such as dispersion relationships and S-parameters are obtained. The results show the existence of slow light modes in the DC-SSPP structure. Discrete sub-wavelength transmission bands, and sometimes sharp transmission peaks with strong EM field localization can also be achieved under certain device designs. They are compared with the simulation results obtained from the CST software package developed by Computer Simulation Technology AG. The validation as well as limitations of the derived results is also discussed in detail.
Cayley codes for multi-antenna differential modulation (2001)

Multiple antenna differential modulation using unitary matrices requires no channel knowledge at the receiver, and so is ideal for use on wireless links where channel tracking is undesirable or infeasible, either because of rapid changes in the channel characteristics or because of limited system resources. Although this basic principle is well understood, it is not known how to generate good-performing constellations of unitary matrices, for any number of transmit and receive antennas and especially at high rates. We propose a class of Cayley codes that works with any number of antennas, and allows for polynomial-time near-maximum-likelihood decoding based on either successive nulling/cancelling or sphere decoding. The codes use the Cayley transform, which maps the highly nonlinear Stiefel manifold of unitary matrices to the linear space of skew-Hermitian matrices. This leads to a simple linear constellation structure in the Cayley transform domain and to an information-theoretic design criterion based on emulating a Cauchy random matrix. Simulations show that Cayley codes allow efficient and effective high-rate data transmission in multi-antenna communication systems without knowing the channel.
Explore/Exploit Schemes for Web Content Optimization (2009)

We propose novel multi-armed bandit (explore/exploit) schemes to maximize total clicks on a content module published regularly on Yahoo! Intuitively, one can "explore'' each candidate item by displaying it to a small fraction of user visits to estimate the item's click-through rate (CTR), and then "exploit'' high CTR items in order to maximize clicks. While bandit methods that seek to find the optimal trade-off between explore and exploit have been studied for decades, existing solutions are not satisfactory for Web content publishing applications where dynamic set of items with short lifetimes, delayed feedback and non-stationary reward (CTR) distributions are typical. In this paper, we develop a Bayesian solution and extend several existing schemes to our setting. Through extensive evaluation with nine bandit schemes, we show that our Bayesian solution is uniformly better in several scenarios. We also study the empirical characteristics of our schemes and provide useful insights on the strengths and weaknesses of each. Finally, we validate our results with a "side-by-side'' comparison of schemes through live experiments conducted on a random sample of real user visits to Yahoo!
Advancing the Microcathode Arc Thruster: Effect of the Ablative Anode (2019)

Presented is the ablative anode microcathode arc thruster . The is a new concept that comes from the microcathode arc thruster , which implements the idea that an ablative anode can significantly improve the thrust-to-power ratio as a result of additional utilization of electron current flowing to and ablating the anode. Three versions of the were analyzed, and the results were presented and compared to the standard . Total ion current, ion velocity, and erosion rate measurement experiments were performed to characterize the thrusters. For the ion current evaluation, each combination was tested with three annular permanent magnets of differing strengths: 0.1, 0.143, and 0.3 T. All three thrusters achieved approximately 36% cathodic jet transport efficiency when equipped with the 0.1 T magnet. The result of the ion velocity testing showed that each system achieved similar ion velocities . The goal of this exercise was to determine if having an ablative anode, in addition to cathodic ablation, would increase ion current and velocity, therefore increasing specific impulse and thrust in comparison with the standard . From the experiments presented in this paper, this was found to be true.
Esophageal Cancer Metabolite Biomarkers Detected by LC-MS and NMR Methods (2012)

Metabolic profiles derived from the combination of LC-MS and NMR methods readily distinguish EAC patients and potentially promise important routes to understanding the carcinogenesis and detecting the cancer. Differences in the metabolic profiles between high-risk individuals and the EAC indicate the possibility of identifying the patients at risk much earlier to the development of the cancer.
Compact Broadband Dual-Polarized Filtering Dipole Antenna With High Selectivity for Base-Station Applications (2018)

This paper presents a broadband dual-polarized filtering dipole antenna for base-station application, which has a compact size of 50 mm × 50 mm × 31.8 mm. The antenna consists of four parts: main radiator, feeding baluns, reflector, and two parasitic loops. Without using complex filtering circuits, the dual-polarized dipole antenna realizes satisfactory filtering performance and enhanced bandwidth by employing only two parasitic loops. Two specific radiation nulls are thus generated and individually controlled by the two parasitic loops. To further improve the upper stopband selectivity and bandwidth, a simple open-ended stub is added to the arms of the dipole. As a result, the bandwidth can be tuned from 7.4% to 47.6% and the realized gain is decreased dramatically from 8.6 dBi at 2.7 GHz (in-band) to -10 dBi at 2.9 GHz (out-of-band). For demonstration, a broadband dual-polarized dipole antenna is implemented. Measured results show that the proposed antenna has more than 34 dB port isolation over 48.7% (1.66-2.73 GHz) impendence bandwidth (VSWR <; 1.5). The measured in-band gain is about 8.15 dBi with stable 3 dB beamwidth 65.4°±2.4° in the horizontal plane, whereas the out-of-band radiation suppression is more than 17 dB.
Fast Multi-Resolution and Multi-Rate Encoding for HTTP Adaptive Streaming Using Machine Learning (2021)

HTTP Adaptive Streaming (HAS) is the de-facto solution for video delivery over the Internet. In HAS, each video is encoded at multiple quality levels and resolutions (i.e., representations) to enable adaptation of the streaming session to viewing and network conditions of the client. This requirement brings encoding challenges along with it, e.g., a video source should be encoded efficiently at multiple bitrates and resolutions. Fast multi-rate encoding approaches aim to address this challenge of encoding multiple representations from a single video by re-using information from already encoded representations. In this paper, a convolutional neural network is used to speed up both multi-rate and multi-resolution encoding for HAS. For multi-rate encoding, the lowest bitrate representation is chosen as the reference. For multi-resolution encoding, the highest bitrate from the lowest resolution representation is chosen as the reference. Pixel values from the target resolution and encoding information from the reference representation are used to predict Coding Tree Unit (CTU) split decisions in High-Efficiency Video Coding (HEVC) for dependent representations. Experimental results show that the proposed method for multi-rate encoding can reduce the overall encoding time by 15.08% and parallel encoding time by 41.26%, with a 0.89% bitrate increase compared to the HEVC reference software. Simultaneously, the proposed method for multi-resolution encoding can reduce the encoding time by 46.27% for the overall encoding and 27.71% for the parallel encoding on average with a 2.05% bitrate increase.
Differential cytotoxicity, uptake and DNA binding of tetraplatin and analogous isomers in sensitive and resistant cancer cell lines (1993)

Some platinum complexes contain 1,2-diaminocyclohexane (DACH) as a stable carrier ligand, which can exist as the R,R-, S,S- and cis-isomers. Tetraplatin, for instance, is a mixture of R,R- and S,S-DACH-Cl4-Pt(IV). We have examined each of the three individual isomers of DACH-Cl4-Pt(IV) with respect to cytotoxicity, uptake of platinum and total DNA-platinum in three murine leukemia L1210 (cisplatin-sensitive L1210/0, 50-fold cisplatin-resistant L1210/DDP and 36-fold tetraplatin-resistant L1210/DACH) and human ovarian carcinoma A2780 (cisplatin-sensitive) and A2780cp (8-fold cisplatin-resistant) cell lines. Against A2780, A2780cp and L1210/DDP cell lines, the R,R-isomer was the most potent followed by the S,S-isomer and then the cis-isomer. However, the three isomers demonstrated similar IC50 values against the L1210/0 and L1210/DACH cell lines. The cis-isomer demonstrated cross-resistance (9− to 20-fold) to cisplatin in L1210/DDP and A2780cp cell lines. On the other hand, R,R- and S,S-isomers demonstrated minimal (2− to 4-fold) cross-resistance against these tumor models. Intracellular platinum accumulation over a 2 h period at 40 μM drug concentration was significantly (p < 0.05) greater for the R,R-isomer than the cis-isomer in L1210/0 (122 versus 101 ng Pt/mg protein) and L1210/DDP (73 versus 50) cell lines, while no difference was observed in L1210/DACH cells (55 versus 56). In L1210/DDP cells, total DNA-bound platinum was significantly (p < 0.05) greater for the R,R-isomer compared with the cis-isomer (10.3 versus 7.5 ng Pt/mg DNA). No significant differences (p > 0.05) were found in levels of platinum bound to DNA between R,R- and cis-isomers in either the L1210/0 or L1210/DACH cell lines. These data suggest that isomeric differences in the L1210 models may be explained, in part, by differential drug handling at the cellular and/or DNA level.
Aliphatic polyester-grafted starch composites by in situ ring opening polymerization (2000)

Abstract Catalyzed Ring-Opening Polymerization (ROP) of lactones, such as ε-caprolactone and δ-valerolactone, has been investigated for preparing aliphatic polyester-grafted corn starch compositions. The polymerization has been carried out either in bulk (without solvent) or in 10 wt% granular starch in toluene suspension, after adequate activation of the starch surface amylose/amylopectin hydroxyl groups into aluminum alkoxides. This activation has been done by in situ reaction with triethylaluminum and has proved to be very effective in promoting fast ROP and also covalent grafting of the polyester chains onto the starch surface. Drying of the starch granules constitutes a key-step of the proposed process. The actual fixation of the initiator onto the starch surface has been checked by XPS analysis whereas good adhesion between the two components has been evidenced by SEM observations. Growth of the polyester chains on the starch granules has been followed by the increase of the mean diameter of the 'encapsulated' granules as attested by laser scattering granulometry. Keywords: Starchaliphatic polyesterspoly(epsilon-caprolactone)ring-opening polymerization, composites
Microphone arrays and neural networks for robust speech recognition (1994)

This paper explores use of synergistically-integrated systems of microphone arrays and neural networks for robust speech recognition in variable acoustic environments, where the user must not be encumbered by microphone equipment. Existing speech recognizers work best for "high-quality close-talking speech." Performance of these recognizers is typically degraded by environmental interference and mismatch in training conditions and testing conditions. It is found that use of microphone arrays and neural network processors can elevate the recognition performance of existing speech recognizers in an adverse acoustic environment, thus avoiding the need to retrain the recognizer, a complex and tedious task. We also present results showing that a system of microphone arrays and neural networks can achieve a higher word recognition accuracy in an unmatched training/testing condition than that obtained with a retrained speech recognizer using array speech for both training and testing, i.e., a matched training/testing condition.
(R)‐2‐(4‐Phenylbutyl)dihydrobenzofuran Derivatives as Melatoninergic Agents. (2005)

Abstract For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Bayesian Processing for the Detection of Radioactive Contraband from Uncertain Measurements (2007)

With the increase in terrorist activities throughout the world, the need to develop techniques capable of detecting radioactive contraband in a timely manner is a critical requirement. The development of Bayesian processors for the detection of contraband stems from the fact that the posterior distribution is clearly multimodal eliminating the usual Gaussian-based processors. The development of a sequential bootstrap processor for this problem is discussed and shown how it is capable of providing an enhanced signal for eventual detection.
Amino‐terminal maturation of the <i>Bordetella pertussis</i> filamentous haemagglutinin (1996)

The 220 kDa filamentous haemagglutinin (FHA) is a major adhesin of Bordetella pertussis and is produced from a large precursor designated FhaB. Although partly surface associated, it is also very efficiently secreted into the extracellular milieu. Its secretion depends on the outer membrane accessory protein FhaC. An 80 kDa N-terminal derivative of FHA, named Fha44, can also be very efficiently secreted in a FhaC-dependent manner, indicating that all necessary secretion signals are localized in the N-terminal region of FhaB. A comparison of predicted and apparent sizes of FHA derivatives, in addition to immunoblot analyses of cell-associated and secreted FHA polypeptides, indicated that FhaB undergoes N-terminal maturation by the cleavage of an 8-9 kDa segment. However, phenotypic analyses of translational lacZ and phoA fusions showed that this segment does not function as a typical signal peptide. Co-expression of the Fha44-encoding gene with fhaC also did not allow for secretion of Fha44 in Escherichia coli. High levels of secretion could, however, be observed when the OmpA signal peptide was fused to the N-terminal end of Fha44. Regardless of the OmpA signal peptide-Fha44 fusion point, the E. coli-secreted Fha44 had the same M(r) as that secreted by B. pertussis, indicating that the N-terminal proteolytic maturation does not require a B. pertussis-specific factor. Similar to FHA, the B. pertussis-secreted Fha44 contains an as yet uncharacterized modification at its N-terminus. This modification did not occur in E. coli and is therefore not required for secretion. The N-terminus of Fha44 secreted by E. coli was determined and found to correspond to the 72nd residue after the first in-frame methionine of FhaB. The N-terminal modification was also found not to be required for haemagglutination or interaction with sulphated glycoconjugates.
SU‐E‐CAMPUS‐T‐02: Exploring Radiation Acoustics CT Dosimeter Design Aspects for Proton Therapy (2014)

Purpose: Investigate the design aspects and imaging dose capabilities of the Radiation Acoustics Computed Tomography (RA CT) dosimeter for Proton induced acoustics, with the objective to characterize a pulsed pencil proton beam. The focus includes scanner geometry, transducer array, and transducer bandwidth on image quality. Methods: The geometry of the dosimeter is a cylindrical water phantom (length 40cm, radius 15cm) with 71 ultrasound transducers placed along the length and end of the cylinder to achieve a weighted set of projections with spherical sampling. A 3D filtered backprojection algorithm was used to reconstruct the dosimetric images and compared to MC dose distribution. First, 3D Monte Carlo (MC) Dose distributions for proton beam energies (range of 12cm, 16cm, 20cm, and 27cm) were used to simulate the acoustic pressure signal within this scanner for a pulsed proton beam of 1.8×107 protons, with a pulse width of 1 microsecond and a rise time of 0.1 microseconds. Dose comparison within the Bragg peak and distal edge were compared to MC analysis, where the integrated Gaussian was used to locate the 50% dose of the distal edge. To evaluate spatial fidelity, a set of point sources within the scanner field of view (15×15×15cm3) were simulated implementing a low‐pass bandwidth response function (0 to 1MHz) equivalent to a multiple frequency transducer array, and the FWHM of the point‐spread‐function determined. Results: From the reconstructed images, RACT and MC range values are within 0.5mm, and the average variation of the dose within the Bragg peak are within 2%. The spatial resolution tracked with transducer bandwidth and projection angle sampling, and can be kept at 1.5mm. Conclusion: This design is ready for fabrication to start acquiring measurements. The 15 cm FOV is an optimum size for imaging dosimetry. Currently, simulations comparing transducer sensitivity, bandwidth, and proton beam parameters are being evaluated to assess signal‐to‐noise.
COMBINED FIELD ION AND SCANNING TUNNELING MICROSCOPE (1987)

Realizing the importance of characterizing a STM probe tip on an atomic scale, we have constructed a new instrument which combines a field ion microscope and scanning tunneling microscope. A complete STM set-up, which is similar to the one developed by Demuth, is mounted on an 8" O.D. flange and a FIM set-up is mounted on a 10" O.D. flange. FI images of the STM probe tip are observed using a 2" O.D. chevron channelplate-image intensifier screen assembly with liquid nitrogen cooling. A field necessary for field ionization of He imaging gas is provided through a negative electrode placed near the probe tip so that the high voltage system is completely separated from the STM system. A preliminary data is presented for the graphite (0001) plane in vacuum.
Characterization of Dry Adhesives Fabricated Using a Novel Mass Production Manufacturing Technique (2013)

Abstract Synthetic dry adhesives, designed to mimic the fibrillar structures found on geckos, have been fabricated using many different techniques ranging from indenting wax to involving photolithography and laser writing. While these techniques have been successful in the fabrication of small dry adhesive samples, they are often costly, time consuming and require specialized equipment. In this study a novel fabrication technique is proposed which utilizes readily available commercial wire mesh screens as a straightforward method of producing synthetic dry adhesives outside of a cleanroom or highly specialized facilities. The normal adhesion pressure of the dry adhesives fabricated using the wire mesh screens is examined and compared to the normal adhesion pressure of flat PDMS.
Proof-of-concept multiplate performance-based brake tester for commercial motor vehicles (2005)

A device has been conceptualized that will simultaneously measure the braking forces generated by each service brake and the weight carried by each end of every axle on a commercial motor vehicle during a service brake application. This paper describes the device (termed a Multiplate Performance-Based Brake Tester, MPBBT) and gives the results of testing conducted on a proof-of concept prototype. It was decided to conduct an evaluation of the concept by testing a four-plate version of the tester (two rows of two plates each). Static calibrations confirmed the behavior of the plate suspension system. Dynamic tests were conducted using a tractor-trailer to introduce vertical and horizontal loads on the tester plates as the vehicle passed over the tester plates.
Highly Accurate, Reliable and Non-Contaminating Two-Dimensional Material Transfer System (2021)

The exotic properties of two-dimensional (2D) materials and 2D heterostructures, built by forming heterogeneous multi-layered stacks, have been widely explored across a number of subject matters following the goal to invent, design, and improve applications enabled by 2D materials. To successfully harvest these unique properties effectively and increase the yield of manufacturing 2D material-based devices for achieving reliable and repeatable results is the current challenge. The scientific community has introduced various experimental transfer systems explained in detail for exfoliated 2D materials, however, the field lacks statistical analysis and the capability of producing a transfer technique enabling; i) high transfer precision and yield, ii) cross-contamination free transfer, iii) multi-substrate transfer, and iv) rapid prototyping without wet chemistry. Here we introduce a novel 2D material deterministic transfer system and experimentally show its high accuracy, reliability, repeatability, and non-contaminating transfer features by demonstrating fabrication of 2D material-based optoelectronic devices featuring novel device physics and unique functionality. Such rapid and material-near prototyping capability can accelerate not only layered material science in discovery but also engineering innovations.
Removal of Oxide Contamination from TiB <sub>2</sub> Powders (1983)

Surface oxide contamination, which commonly occurs in fine TiB 2 powders and afects their properties, can be removed by treatment with BCl 3 (g) at 650°C .