gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
HDFI: Hardware-Assisted Data-Flow Isolation (2016)

Memory corruption vulnerabilities are the root cause of many modern attacks. Existing defense mechanisms are inadequate; in general, the software-based approaches are not efficient and the hardware-based approaches are not flexible. In this paper, we present hardware-assisted data-flow isolation, or, HDFI, a new fine-grained data isolation mechanism that is broadly applicable and very efficient. HDFI enforces isolation at the machine word granularity by virtually extending each memory unit with an additional tag that is defined by dataflow. This capability allows HDFI to enforce a variety of security models such as the Biba Integrity Model and the Bell -- LaPadula Model. We implemented HDFI by extending the RISC-V instruction set architecture (ISA) and instantiating it on the Xilinx Zynq ZC706 evaluation board. We ran several benchmarks including the SPEC CINT 2000 benchmark suite. Evaluation results show that the performance overhead caused by our modification to the hardware is low (<; 2%). We also developed or ported several security mechanisms to leverage HDFI, including stack protection, standard library enhancement, virtual function table protection, code pointer protection, kernel data protection, and information leak prevention. Our results show that HDFI is easy to use, imposes low performance overhead, and allows us to create more elegant and more secure solutions.
Mechanical Model Development for Composite Structural Supercapacitors (2016)

Novel composite structural supercapacitor concepts have recently been developed as a means both to store electrical charge and to provide modest mechanical load carrying capability. Double-layer composite supercapacitors are often fabricated by impregnating a woven carbon fiber fabric, which serves as the electrodes, with a structural polymer electrolyte. Polypropylene or a glass fabric is often used as the separator material. Recent research has been primarily limited to evaluating these composites experimentally. In this study, mechanical models based on the Multiscale Generalized Method of Cells (MSGMC) were developed and used to calculate the shear and tensile properties and response of two composite structural supercapacitors from the literature. The modeling approach was first validated against traditional composite laminate data. MSGMC models for composite supercapacitors were developed, and accurate elastic shear/tensile properties were obtained. It is envisioned that further development of the models presented in this work will facilitate the design of composite components for aerospace and automotive applications and can be used to screen candidate constituent materials for inclusion in future composite structural supercapacitor concepts.
Solid‐Phase Methodology for Synthesis of <i>O</i>‐Alkylated Aromatic Oligoamide Inhibitors of α‐Helix‐Mediated Protein–Protein Interactions (2013)

Rapid access to rigid rods: A method is described for the synthesis of 3-O-alkylated aromatic oligobenzamide foldamers that could be used for assembly of libraries of α-helix mimetic inhibitors of protein-protein interactions (see scheme; Fmoc=9-fluorenylmethoxycarbonyl).
High Breakdown Voltage AlGaN/GaN HEMTs by Employing Proton Implantation (2008)

The breakdown voltage of AlGaN/GaN high electron mobility transistors (HEMTs) was increased considerably without sacrificing any other electrical characteristics by proton implantation. The breakdown voltage increased from 416 V of conventional device to 719 V by proton implantation with 150 KeV, 1x10 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">14</sup> cm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">-2</sup> fluence after a thermal annealing at 400degC for 5 min under N <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> ambient. The increase of breakdown voltage is attributed to the expansion of depletion region under the 2-dimensional electron gas (2-DEG) channel. The depletion region expanded downwards to the GaN buffer layer because implanted protons act as positive ions and attract the electrons in the 2-DEG channel. Proton implantation successfully reduced the electric field concentration so that the breakdown voltage increased.
Efficient background modeling through incremental Support Vector Data Description (2008)

Background modeling is an essential and important part of many high-level video processing applications. Recently, the Support Vector Data Description (SVDD) has been introduced for novelty detection when only one class of data is available, i.e. background pixels. This paper proposes a method to efficiently train an SVDD and compares the performance of this training algorithm with the traditional SVDD training techniques. We compare the performance of our method with traditional SVDD and other classification algorithms on various data sets including real video sequences.
Nonlinear Electrical Properties of Grain Boundaries in Oxygen Ion Conductors: Acceptor-Doped Ceria (2004)

Owing to the positively charged grain boundary cores in acceptor-doped and oxygen vacancies are depleted in the space charge layers. The validity of this space charge concept was checked for -doped ceramic of high purity. Electrical fields up to were applied to the grain boundaries of 1.0 mol % -doped at 400°C in air, and the grain boundary properties were separated by means of impedance spectroscopy. It was discovered that the current-voltage relation for individual grain boundary was nonlinear, and that the effective grain boundary thickness increased with increasing bias, which supports the space charge concept. © 2004 The Electrochemical Society. All rights reserved.
Intravenous immunoglobulin treatment of pregnant patients with unexplained recurrent abortions (1996)

Intravenous immunoglobulins, first given to recurrent aborters with anti-phospholipid syndrome, have been administered to unexplained aborters since 1986. They probably have immunomodulatory properties beyond supplying blocking antibodies. When pregnancy was confirmed, women were started with a loading dose which was repeated every 3-4 weeks until the second trimester. Dosages were empirical. Pregnancy rates ranged between 50 and 82%. The main maternal complications, i.e. allergic reactions and infections, were rare.
Development and evaluation of a simplified dot-blot method for detecting the delta F508 mutation in cystic fibrosis (1990)

The recent discovery of the cystic fibrosis gene enables DNA-based testing for the direct identification of the deletion of three basepairs coding for phenyalanine at codon 508, the major mutation responsible for the disease. This mutation can be detected by analysis of amplified DNA with allele-specific oligonucleotide probes. We have simplified the procedure of Kerem et al. (Science 1989;245:1073-80) so that the assay can be routinely completed in one working day, starting with an extracted DNA sample. Addition of salmon-sperm DNA to the product of the polymerase chain reaction greatly improved the quality of the hybridization signal. The precision of the method was evaluated by blind analysis and interpretation of results for 100 specimens from 25 patients. The same result was obtained for each patient analyzed separately four times, and four independent observers agreed on the interpretation of results for all 100 specimens. No specimen required repeat analysis to produce interpretable results. We conclude that this method is reliable and convenient for routine clinical laboratory use.
The First and Efficient Synthesisof 7-Aryl-6-methoxycarbonylquinazolines via Unexpected Reactionof 6-Arylethynylpyrimidine-5-carbaldehydes and Methyl Mercaptoacetate (2009)

A highly concise synthesis of 7-aryl-6-methoxycarbonylquinazolines via reaction of 6-arylethynylpyrimidine-5-carbaldehydes and methyl mercaptoacetate is described.
Safety and Effectiveness of Donepezil on Behavioral Symptoms in Patients With Alzheimer Disease (2011)

The objective of this study was to evaluate the prevalence and treatment responsiveness of neuropsychiatric symptoms in patients with mild to moderately severe Alzheimer disease recruited in a naturalistic treatment setting in Spain. All the patients, who matched the prescribing recommendations for donepezil and were able to participate in the study, received donepezil (5 to 10 mg/d) for 6 months. The primary outcome measure was the incidence of adverse events. Secondary outcome measures were neuropsychiatric function measured by the Neuropsychiatric Inventory (NPI), the Mini-Mental State Evaluation, and caregiver burden measured by the Zarit scale. Five hundred and twenty-nine patients were included of which 455 completed the study. The mean baseline NPI score was 19.1. Sixty-five patients (12.3%) experienced an adverse event. The most frequent adverse events were diarrhea and agitation (<2%). Seventeen patients (3%) presented with a neuropsychiatric adverse event and 11 (2%) patients presented with a neurologic adverse event over the course of the study. NPI scores improved by 34.4% over the course of the study, with all items showing a statistically significant improvement. Mini-Mental State Evaluation scores and Zarit caregiver burden scores also improved by 1.27 points and 5.9 points, respectively. This study showed a low incidence of adverse events accompanied by an improvement in the neuropsychiatric and cognitive functions in patients with mild to moderately severe Alzheimer disease treated with donepezil in a community setting in Spain. Donepezil also reduced caregiver burden.
The rise of lithium–selenium batteries (2017)

The lithium–selenium (Li–Se) battery is an alternative to its sulfur counterpart with some noticeable advantages, such as the significantly higher electrical conductivity of Se and better electrochemical performance.
E-beam inspection of EUV programmed defect wafers for printability analysis (2013)

Understanding the effect of defect sizes and their impact on EUV lithography is an ongoing challenge due to continued scaling of devices [1], [2]. The objective of this study is to assess printability of defects on post develop photoresist wafers and their detection capability with an electron beam inspection tool on EUV resist for various patterns (Line/Space, Contacts). Total capture of defects is an important factor for assessing printability on photoresist patterned wafers and monitoring process window. In this work, we present a comparison of Die to Die (reference to programmed defect to sites on wafer) and Die to Database (program defect sites on wafer to design). A programmed defect test mask is used to understand the impact of printing mask defects at multiple lithography levels (ex. gate, metal etc.) at 20 and 14nm technology ground rules. It is designed with both additive and subtractive features at defect sizes ranging from 30nm to 1nm. The defect inspection tool parameters such as averaging, threshold value were varied to assess its detection capability.
Grooming, animating & rendering fur for "King Kong" (2006)

No abstract available.
Energy Management in Multi-Rotors Unmanned Aerial Systems (2017)

The energetic cost of high performances battery-powered applications; like multi-rotor Unmanned Aerial Systems (UASs); is one of the key challenges. The continuous evolution of electrical energy storage sources is overcome by the great amount of energy required by the multi-rotor unmanned aerial system. Therefore, the on-board energy is a critical factor that needs to be further investigated and well-managed. The rechargeable Lithium-Polymer battery has shown a great success in aerial robotics, thanks to its high energy density, small size, and weight. However, the overall performances of aLi-Po battery degrade over time. Consequently, it is indispensable to have an instantly accurate data of the current batteries status; particularly the state of charge; and their remaining lifetime. In this work, we are interested in managing the energy of aLi-Po battery-powered multi-rotor UAS. First, we start by describing the different battery's dynamic models found in the literature. Then, the focus shifts towards the Battery Monitoring System, which as its name indicates, monitors and maintains rechargeable batteries. It turned out that the heart of modern BMS is based on battery status estimation. The battery status is widely described by two parameters: State Of Charge (SOC) and the State Of Health (SOH). These two factors are of a critical concern in energy management of dynamic applications. Therefore, we will highlight the main techniques seen in literature used to estimate the SOC and SOH. To monitor onboard energy, an Energy Control System is suggested in this paper. The ECS is based on a BMS who will manage all problems that could meet the batteries and provide the supervisor system with essential information to succeed the multi-rotor UAS flight.
HIFSuite: Tools for HDL code conversion and manipulation (2010)

HIFSuite is a set of tools and application programming interfaces (APIs) that provide support for modeling and verification of HW/SW systems. The core of HIFSuite is the HDL Intermediate Format (HIF) language upon which a set of front-end and back-end tools have been developed to allow the conversion of HDL code into HIF code and vice versa. HIFSuite allows designers to manipulate and integrate heterogeneous components implemented by using different hardware description languages (HDLs). Moreover, HIFSuite includes tools, which rely on HIF APIs, for manipulating HIF descriptions in order to support code abstraction/refinement and post-refinement verification.
Concurrent design and analysis of the Navigator wearable computer system: the thermal perspective (1995)

This paper describes the concurrent design of a wearable computer, called the Navigator, developed and built at Carnegie Mellon University in a multidesigner, multidomain environment. The design effort for the Navigator involved nineteen designers, representing the disciplines of electrical engineering, industrial design, mechanical engineering, software engineering, and human-computer interaction. The concurrent design framework developed by the Navigator design team is outlined and the parallel activities within each design phase are described, including the synchronization and interactions among all design disciplines at the phase boundaries. The evolution of the interdisciplinary design of the Navigator wearable computer is presented, with particular emphasis placed upon the role of the thermal design group in the overall design process. Furthermore, the particular challenges associated with the concurrent thermal management of wearable computer systems are outlined.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
High-resolution Crystal Structure of  2-Microglobulin Formed at pH 7.0 (2007)

beta(2)-Microglobulin (beta2-m), a light chain of the major histocompatibility complex class I, forms amyloid fibrils in patients undergoing long-term haemodialysis, causing dialysis-related amyloidosis. Based on a comparison of the X-ray structure obtained at pH 5.7 and that of beta2-m in the histocompatibility complex, it has been proposed that the continuous D-strand observed in the crystal structure at pH 5.7 increases the propensity of beta2-m to self-associate via edge-to-edge interactions, thus initiating the formation of fibrils. To obtain further insight into the mechanism by which amyloid fibrils form, we determined the crystal structure of beta2-m at pH 7.0 at a resolution of up to 1.13 A. The crystal structure at pH 7.0 was basically the same as that at pH 5.6, suggesting that the conversion of the beta-bulge in strand D into a contiguous beta-strand is not unique to the crystals formed under slightly acidic conditions. In other words, although the formation of beta2-m fibrils was enhanced under acidic conditions, it remains unknown if it is related to the increased propensity for the disappearance of the beta-bulge in strand D. We consider that the enhanced fibrillation is more directly coupled with the decreased stability leading to the increased propensity of exposing amyloidogenic regions.
A hollow fiber system for simple generation of human brain organoids (2017)

3D organoids exhibit near-physiological morphogenesis and histology relying on the self-organization of human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs), representing a new class of in vitro model for studying developmental biology and diseases. An engineered approach is highly desirable to generate sufficient organoids in a simple and efficient manner. Herein, we present a new strategy for the simple formation of massive human brain organoids from hiPSCs within a hollow fiber reactor system by combining fiber materials with the developmental biology principle. A thin and finely adjustable calcium alginate (CaA) core-shell fiber was constructed using a multilayer coaxial laminar flow microfluidic system. The meter-long hollow fibers enabled neural differentiation of hiPSCs and simple formation of abundant brain organoids in a 3D matrix. The generated brain organoids displayed essential features of human brain organogenesis, including polarized neuroepithelium, cell type heterogeneity and discrete brain regions, resembling the early brain development. This approach is simple and easy to operate, which allows for simplified formation of massive brain organoids, overcoming the tedious procedures in conventional methods. In particular, the facile and scalable characteristics of hollow fibers are compatible with real-time observation and monitoring, as well as flexible tissue manipulations for downstream biological analysis. It might also provide a new platform to advance stem cell-derived organoid models and their utility in biomedical applications.
Efficacy of Insecticides against Okra Jassid, Amrasca biguttula biguttula Ishida (2002)

The efficacy of newer insecticides, viz., acetamiprid, thiomethoxam, imidacloprid, NACLFMOA and abamectin was field evaluated against okra jassids, Amrasca biguttula biguttula. Nitroguanidines viz., acetamiprid (@ 20 g.a.i./ha) and thiomethoxam and imidacloprid (both @ 25 g.a.i./ha) proved most effective in controlling okra jassids, followed by the fermentation metabolites, NACLFMOA and abamectin both @ 20 g.a.i./ha. Out of 10 pesticides evaluated, nitroguanidines, 21 days after application, resulted in 77.2–86..0% reduction of jassid population followed by 66.8–70.9% reduction in treatment with fermentation metabolites. The five newer molecules evaluated were found safer to lady bird beetle.
INVESTIGATION OF THE POTENTIAL OF WASTE BONES AS A CATALYST IN BIOFUEL PRODUCTION (2023)

It has recently come to light that inappropriate waste management (particularly of animal bones) is a major contributor to environmental degradation on a global scale. Instead, it would be extremely beneficial to the economy if the bioeconomy civilization could find novel applications for these discards. Biodiesel’s output can be put to good use as a heterogeneous catalyst in the effective recycling of animal bone. Ca-based catalysts produced from discarded bones, have been extensively studied in the transesterification reaction due to their high catalytic activity and abundant feedstock. Calcium oxide, a common mineral, can be used to create heterogeneous catalysts (in the form of discarded bones). However, process improvements are required to make calcium oxide-based catalysts suitable for industrial use. This research summarizes the sources of waste animal bones, provides context for the recent advances in the development of various Ca-based catalysts derived from waste animal bones, characterized a calcium oxide-based catalyst derived from waste animal bones, and details its application in biodiesel production. In this work, waste bones were modified by calcination at 9500C for 3h. The catalyst was analyzed using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) for its morphological structure, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), for its functional group, X-ray fluorescence (XRF), for its elemental composition, thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), for thermal stability and Brunauer Emmett Teller (BET) surface area analysis. Overall, raw sample was found to have no effect on the waste bone, while high temperature calcination greatly affected the pore size, surface area, composition, and thermal decomposition profile of the waste bone sample. According to the study’s findings, used animal bones can be used to create catalysts that are appropriate for trans-esterifying a variety of oil sources into high-quality biodiesel. This increases the total energy and atom-efficiency of both conventional and new chemical processes while also making the system more cost-effective and ecologically benign. This discovery will encourage scientists to look into possible wastes of bones and pave the way for a more cost-effective and ecologically friendly way to make biodiesel and should also continue to be evaluated for the likelihood of their use in the commercial sector.
SYBR®Green qPCR screening methods for the presence of “35S promoter” and “NOS terminator” elements in food and feed products (2009)

The Cauliflower Mosaic Virus “35S promotor” (p35S) and the Agrobacterium “Nopaline Synthase” terminator (tNOS) are the most represented generic recombinant elements in commercial genetically modified crops to date. A set of four new SYBR®Green qPCR methods targeting the “p35S” and “tNOS” core elements have been developed. These qPCR methods generate short amplicons of 147 and 75 bp for the “p35S” element and 172 and 69 bp for the “tNOS” element. Single target plasmids containing these amplicons were constructed and allow determining the nominal melting temperature (T m value) of each amplicon. The four methods are specific for their respective targets, and moreover, three of them are highly sensitive (up to 1–2 copies detectable) at a PCR efficiency ranging between 95 and 100%. The latter methods can detect their respective targets at 0.1% (w/w) gDNA levels and are suitable for detecting low levels of genetically modified materials containing the “p35S” and/or “tNOS” elements.
Towards more efficient monodimensional zeolite catalysts: n-alkane hydro-isomerisation on hierarchical ZSM-22 (2011)

A hierarchical (mesoporous) ZSM-22 zeolite displays a greatly enhanced sorption capacity for n-octane, compared to its purely microporous parent. In n-octane hydro-isomerisation, the mesoporous bi-functional Pt/ZSM-22 catalyst clearly outperforms its microporous parent, judged by the higher monobranched isomer yield. This is attributed to an increased number of accessible micropore mouths in the mesoporous zeolite.
A Novel Untraceable Blind Signature Based on Elliptic Curve Discrete Logarithm Problem (2007)

Summary In this paper, a novel Blind Signature Scheme (BSS) has been proposed. The scheme is based on Elliptic Curve Discrete Logarithm Problem (ECDLP). It allows a requester to obtain signature from a signer on any document, in such a way that the signer learns nothing about the message that is being signed. The scheme utilizes the inherent advantage of Elliptic Curve Cryptosystem in terms of smaller key size and lower computational overhead to its counterpart public cryptosystems such as RSA and ElGamal. The scheme has been proved to be robust, untraceable and correct. The proposed scheme can be used in various applications like E-voting, digital cash etc where anonymity of requester is required.