gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Stability Analysis in Space–Time on the Response of Winter Temperature in China to ENSO in the Past 50 Years (2014)

Based on the monthly mean temperature from 160 stations in China, oceanic Nio index(ONI) data from the Nio 3.4 region, and the NCEP/NCAR reanalysis data of 1962–2010, the stability of the response of winter temperature in China to the El Nio Southern Oscillation(ENSO) in the past 50 years is analyzed in space–time by using related analysis, sliding-related analysis, sliding t-test, composition analysis and other analysis methods. These analyses show that the response of winter temperature anomalies in China to ENSO differs significantly with respect to regionality and interdecadal changes. The relationship between winter temperature in China and ENSO is more unstable in northeast and southwest China than in eastern China. In the late 1970s, the response of winter temperature in northeast and southwest China to ENSO declined rapidly, even changing inversely, but remained stable in eastern China without obvious abrupt changes over the 50 years. The response of atmospheric circulation in Asia to ENSO also demonstrates obvious differences in regionality and interdecadal changes, in a pattern similar to the response of the winter temperature in China to ENSO. One possible explanation for the interdecadal change in the response of winter temperature in China to ENSO is atmospheric circulation. ENSO affects atmospheric circulation in the mid-high latitudes by Hadley circulation, which in turn affects winter temperature in China. After the late 1970s, the meridional Hadley circulation in the western Pacific weakened significantly, and as a result, the response of atmospheric circulation in Asia to ENSO also weakened, leading to the obvious decline in the response of winter temperature in China to ENSO.
A new bioluminescent reporter system to study the biodistribution of systematically injected tumor-derived bioluminescent extracellular vesicles in mice (2017)

<i>In vivo</i> biodistribution and fate of extracellular vesicles (EVs) are still largely unknown and require reliable <i>in vivo</i> tracking techniques. In this study, <i>in vivo</i> bioluminescence imaging (BLI) using Renilla luciferase (Rluc) was developed and applied to monitoring of EVs derived from thyroid cancer (CAL-62 cells) and breast cancer (MDA-MB-231) in nude mice after intravenous administration and was compared with a dye-based labeling method for EV derived from CAL-62 cells. The EVs were successfully labeled with Rluc and visualized by BLI in mice. <i>In vivo</i> distribution of the EVs, as measured by BLI, was consistent with the results of <i>ex vivo</i> organ analysis. EV-CAL-62/Rluc showed strong signals at lung followed by liver, spleen & kidney (<i>P</i> < 0.05). EV-MDA-MB-231/Rluc showed strong signals at liver followed by lung, spleen & kidney (<i>P</i> < 0.05). EV-CAL-62/Rluc and EV-MDA-MB-231/Rluc stayed in animal till day 9 and 3, respectively; showed a differential distribution. Spontaneous EV-CAL-62/Rluc shown distributed mostly to lung followed by liver, spleen & kidney. The new BLI system used to show spontaneous distribution of EV-CAL-62/Rluc in subcutaneous CAL-62/Rluc bearing mice. Dye (DiR)-labeled EV-CAL-62/Rluc showed a different distribution <i>in vivo</i> & <i>ex vivo</i> compared to EV-CAL-62/Rluc. Fluorescent signals were predominately detected in the liver (<i>P</i> < 0.05) and spleen (<i>P</i> < 0.05) regions. The bioluminescent EVs developed in this study may be used for monitoring of EVs <i>in vivo</i>. This novel reporter-imaging approach to visualization of EVs in real time is expected to pave the way for monitoring of EVs in EV-based treatments.
Non-repeatable runout measurement and simulation of fluid lubricated spindles (1996)

The non-repeatable runout (NRRO) of small self-acting air bearing spindles is investigated using high precision capacitance probe transducers. Transient NRRO, spindle start-up time, and power consumption are determined at start-up for horizontal and vertical spindle orientation. The design of fluid spindles for magnetic recording disk drive applications is optimized by means of finite element-based numerical simulation. Advantages and disadvantages of fluid lubricated spindles are discussed.
Adaptive offset min-sum algorithm for low-density parity check codes (2006)

An improvement is presented to the offset min-sum decoding algorithm for low-density parity check codes. The proposed algorithm introduces a more efficient adjustment for check-node update computation in view of different minimum values. According to the optimal correction factor of normalized min-sum algorithm, we can determine the adaptive offset item. The improved algorithm achieves a noticeable performance gain with only a modest increase in computation complexity.
Numerical analysis of blazed wire-grid polarizer for plasmonic enhancement (2018)

We analyze the characteristics of plasmonics-based enhancement of a wire-grid polarizer (WGP) by rigorous coupledwave analysis (RCWA). We consider blazed WGP (bWGP) for improvement of polarimetric performance based on plasmonic momentum-matching in the metal/dielectric interface. The analysis used a model of triangular wire-grids approximated with five graded layers of identical thickness. We have compared the performance to that of a conventional WGP (cWGP) with a corresponding lamellar grating shape profile. As a performance measure, we calculated transmittance (TR) and extinction ratio (ER). It was found that TR in both cases tends to decrease monotonically with a longer period (Λ). The maximum TR of bWGPs is lower than cWGPs. On the other hand, maximum ER of bWGPs is much higher than that of cWGPs, particularly at a longer period, with an extinction peak peaked at Λ = 800 nm. For cWGPs, an extinction peak is observed at Λ = 200 nm with comparable enhancement (~42 dB). We have also computed relative TR (RTR) and relative ER (RER) for assessment of performance relative to cWGP. RTR decreases slowly in a manner similar to TR, however, RER increases exponentially with a longer wire-grid period. The results suggest that strong localization of near-fields observed with bWGPs can be used to improve polarimetric performance of a WGP.
Effects of Soybean Oligosaccharides on the Human Gut Microflora in<i>In vitro</i>Culture (1992)

The effect of soybean oligosaccharides on the growth of bifidobacteria, some enzymic activities and ammonia concentration of human faecal microflora was investigated using a continuous flow model. After addition of soybean oligosaccharides to the growth medium, the number of bifidobacteria, as a proportion of the total viable count in the culture, increased. Azoreductase, β-glucuronidase and β-glucosidase activities were decreased, but only that of azoreductase was lowered significantly by soybean oligosaccharides treatment. The enzyme activities associated with pure cultures of human faecal bacteria were assayed. The activities of azoreductase and β-glucuronidase in Bifidobacterium species were almost invariably lower than those associated with other intestinal anaerobes.β-Glucosidase activity however was detected in all species of bifidobacteria tested.
Quantifying Clonal and Subclonal Passenger Mutations in Cancer Evolution (2016)

The vast majority of mutations in the exome of cancer cells are passengers, which do not affect the reproductive rate of the cell. Passengers can provide important information about the evolutionary history of an individual cancer, and serve as a molecular clock. Passengers can also become targets for immunotherapy or confer resistance to treatment. We study the stochastic expansion of a population of cancer cells describing the growth of primary tumors or metastatic lesions. We first analyze the process by looking forward in time and calculate the fixation probabilities and frequencies of successive passenger mutations ordered by their time of appearance. We compute the likelihood of specific evolutionary trees, thereby informing the phylogenetic reconstruction of cancer evolution in individual patients. Next, we derive results looking backward in time: for a given subclonal mutation we estimate the number of cancer cells that were present at the time when that mutation arose. We derive exact formulas for the expected numbers of subclonal mutations of any frequency. Fitting this formula to cancer sequencing data leads to an estimate for the ratio of birth and death rates of cancer cells during the early stages of clonal expansion.
User-Oriented Partial Result Evaluation in Workflow-Based Science Gateways (2014)

Scientific workflow management systems provide a useful layer for defining and executing applications supported by science gateways. In various optimization or simulation applications that need to run for a long time, the users may be satisfied with an incomplete execution. The system should, therefore, allow users to evaluate partial results of the workflow execution. This entails performing a consolidation step, that would normally run only at the end of the workflow. In this paper, we present two new workflow patterns that formally define how the consolidation step should be executed (on partial inputs) whenever the user proactively requests evaluation of the partial results. This changes the traditional workflow behavior, in which every step runs once, when all its data dependencies are satisfied. We evaluate implementing these patterns in various workflow management systems and finally present a DIRAC-based implementation of this feature for the use case of a molecular docking gateway.
The single-stranded DNA-binding protein of Deinococcus radiodurans (2004)

The correct Deinococcus radiodurans ssb gene is a contiguous open reading frame that codes for the largest bacterial SSB monomer identified to date. The Deinococcus radiodurans SSB protein includes two OB folds per monomer and functions as a homodimer. The Deinococcus radiodurans SSB protein efficiently stimulates Deinococcus radiodurans RecA and also Escherichia coli RecA protein-promoted DNA strand exchange reactions. The identification and purification of Deinococcus radiodurans SSB protein not only allows for greater understanding of the SSB protein family but provides an essential yet previously missing player in the current efforts to understand the extraordinary DNA repair capacity of Deinococcus radiodurans.
Functionally relevant variations of the interleukin‐10 gene associated with antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibody–negative Churg‐Strauss syndrome, but not with Wegener's granulomatosis (2008)

These findings challenge those from previous studies of IL10 in WG and provide further evidence that CSS and WG have distinct genetic backgrounds. Because the IL10.2 haplotype has been correlated reproducibly with increased IL10 expression, the possible role of IL-10 in the pathogenesis of ANCA-negative CSS needs to be further elucidated.
Chemical vapor deposition of copper and copper oxide thin films from copper(I) tert-butoxide (1989)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTChemical vapor deposition of copper and copper oxide thin films from copper(I) tert-butoxidePatrick M. Jeffries and Gregory S. GirolamiCite this: Chem. Mater. 1989, 1, 1, 8–10Publication Date (Print):January 1, 1989Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 January 1989https://doi.org/10.1021/cm00001a004RIGHTS & PERMISSIONSArticle Views401Altmetric-Citations65LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (2 MB) Get e-Alerts Get e-Alerts
Mechanisms of TNF-α– and RANKL-mediated osteoclastogenesis and bone resorption in psoriatic arthritis (2003)

Psoriatic arthritis (PsA) is an inflammatory joint disease characterized by extensive bone resorption. The mechanisms underlying this matrix loss have not been elucidated. We report here that blood samples from PsA patients, particularly those with bone erosions visible on plain radiographs, exhibit a marked increase in osteoclast precursors (OCPs) compared with those from healthy controls. Moreover, PsA PBMCs readily formed osteoclasts in vitro without exogenous receptor activator of NF-kappaB ligand (RANKL) or MCSF. Both osteoprotegerin (OPG) and anti-TNF antibodies inhibited osteoclast formation. Additionally, cultured PsA PBMCs spontaneously secreted higher levels of TNF-alpha than did healthy controls. In vivo, OCP frequency declined substantially in PsA patients following treatment with anti-TNF agents. Immunohistochemical analysis of subchondral bone and synovium revealed RANK-positive perivascular mononuclear cells and osteoclasts in PsA specimens. RANKL expression was dramatically upregulated in the synovial lining layer, while OPG immunostaining was restricted to the endothelium. These results suggest a model for understanding the pathogenesis of aggressive bone erosions in PsA. OCPs arise from TNF-alpha-activated PBMCs that migrate to the inflamed synovium and subchondral bone, where they are exposed to unopposed RANKL and TNF-alpha. This leads to osteoclastogenesis at the erosion front and in subchondral bone, resulting in a bidirectional assault on psoriatic bone.
IntelliSense Implementation of a Dynamic Language (2009)

In the context of computer programming, the importance of computer assistance is being understood by many developer communities. Developers are e.g. using the same well known expressions or searching method signatures in library documentations. Code sense or IntelliSense methods make most of these actions unnecessary because they serve the available useful information directly to the programmer in a completely automated way. Recently, with the increased focus of the industry on dynamic languages a problem emerges - the complete knowledge on the source code is postponed until the runtime, since there may be ambiguous semantics in the code fragment. As a part of the Phalanger project the methods for syntax and semantic analysis of the dynamic code were designed, especially targeted for the PHP programming language. These methods produce a list of valid possibilities which can be then used on a specified position in the source code; such as declarations, variables and function parameters. This collected information can be also used to a fine-grained syntax highlighting.
Vehicle Steer-by-Wire System Control (2006)

<div class="htmlview paragraph">This paper describes a method for controlling a vehicle steer-by-wire system. It gives a novel control structure for the steer-by-wire system to implement steering functions and to improve the vehicle handling performance. The paper focuses on the implementation of various steering functions by applying control design methods. Some vehicle test results are included.</div>
The Eta Pairing Revisited (2006)

In this paper, we simplify and extend the Eta pairing, originally discovered in the setting of supersingular curves by Barreto , to ordinary curves. Furthermore, we show that by swapping the arguments of the Eta pairing, one obtains a very efficient algorithm resulting in a speed-up of a factor of around six over the usual Tate pairing, in the case of curves that have large security parameters, complex multiplication by an order of Qopf (radic-3), and when the trace of Frobenius is chosen to be suitably small. Other, more minor savings are obtained for more general curves
New Primitives for Actively-Secure MPC over Rings with Applications to Private Machine Learning (2019)

At CRYPTO 2018 Cramer et al. presented SPDZ2k , a new secret-sharing based protocol for actively secure multi-party computation against a dishonest majority, that works over rings instead of fields. Their protocol uses slightly more communication than competitive schemes working over fields. However, implementation-wise, their approach allows for arithmetic to be carried out using native 32 or 64-bit CPU operations rather than modulo a large prime. The authors thus conjectured that the increased communication would be more than made up for by the increased efficiency of implementations. In this work we answer their conjecture in the affirmative. We do so by implementing their scheme, and designing and implementing new efficient protocols for equality test, comparison, and truncation over rings. We further show that these operations find application in the machine learning domain, and indeed significantly outperform their field-based competitors. In particular, we implement and benchmark oblivious algorithms for decision tree and support vector machine (SVM) evaluation.
Accelerating Monte Carlo Renderers by Ray Histogram Fusion (2015)

This paper details the recently introduced Ray Histogram Fusion (RHF) filter for accelerating Monte Carlo renderers [M. Delbracio et al., Boosting Monte Carlo Rendering by Ray Histogram Fusion, ACM Transactions on Graphics, 33 (2014)]. In this filter, each pixel in the image is characterized by the colors of the rays that reach its surface. Pixels are compared using a statistical distance on the associated ray color distributions. Based on this distance, it decides whether two pixels can share their rays or not. The RHF filter is consistent: as the number of samples increases, more evidence is required to average two pixels. The algorithm provides a significant gain in PSNR, or equivalently accelerates the rendering process by using many fewer Monte Carlo samples without observable bias. Since the RHF filter depends only on the Monte Carlo samples color values, it can be naturally combined with all rendering effects.
Classification methods for ongoing EEG and MEG signals (2007)

Classification algorithms help predict the qualitative properties of a subject's mental state by extracting useful information from the highly multivariate non-invasive recordings of his brain activity. In particular, applying them to Magneto-encephalography (MEG) and electro-encephalography (EEG) is a challenging and promising task with prominent practical applications to e.g. Brain Computer Interface (BCI). In this paper, we first review the principles of the major classification techniques and discuss their application to MEG and EEG data classification. Next, we investigate the behavior of classification methods using real data recorded during a MEG visuomotor experiment. In particular, we study the influence of the classification algorithm, of the quantitative functional variables used in this classifier, and of the validation method. In addition, our findings suggest that by investigating the distribution of classifier coefficients, it is possible to infer knowledge and construct functional interpretations of the underlying neural mechanisms of the performed tasks. Finally, the promising results reported here (up to 97% classification accuracy on 1-second time windows) reflect the considerable potential of MEG for the continuous classification of mental states.
Cutaneous Leishmaniasis in the Peruvian Andes: Factors Associated with Variability in Clinical Symptoms, Response to Treatment, and Parasite Isolation Rate (1997)

The severity of cutaneous leishmaniasis may be determined by host immunity, parasite virulence, and host or vector behavior. We performed a multivariate analysis to identify the main causes of the variability in clinical symptoms, response to treatment, and parasite isolation rate among Peruvian patients. The effect of host immunity was demonstrated first by the finding that secondary infections induced smaller lesions associated with a lower parasite isolation rate than did primary infections and, second, by the finding of fewer lesions in older patients. Phenotypic differences between parasite populations were suggested by the observation that the mean scar size and number varied between villages: patients had more scars in villages where the transmission rates were higher. Human behavior probably determined the site of lesions on the body, since most lesions in the cooler South were on the head, whereas in the North, lesions were equally frequent on the extremities. In addition, older patients, who were more likely infected through occupational exposure, had fewer head lesions. Geographic variation in the pattern of exposure to sandflies indicates that uta control strategies should be region specific.
아이트래킹을 이용한 스마트 폰 여행 앱 인터페이스 디자 인의 유용성에 관한 연구 (2016)

Tour application have a lot of information to offer. Because smart phones’ screen is small, it is necessary to efficiently organize user interface(UI). To have a quantity analysis on human's' attention affected by layout position in tour application UI design, an experiment was proposed and then the data analysis was done. Thirty subjects took part in our experiment and 20 tour application layout images divided into four area of interest (AOI) were taken as the stimulus randomly. Data was recorded by the Tobi Pro X2-30 eye tracker system. The heat maps and gaze plot results were analyzed. And then One-way ANOVA (analysis of variance) statistical method was applied to finding out the significant difference in factor levels. Results show that the active area and eye movements tracking roads within statistic meaning. Moreover, ANOVA (F = 24.28, p = 2.21267e􎂡15 0.05) is weaker than other regions through the simple test. In conclusion, the tour applications should be considered the layout position effects on improving the attraction for corresponding users.
System Design and Analysis of a Direct Hydrogen from Coal System with CO<sub>2</sub> Capture (2007)

Hydrogen is regarded as one of the main energy carriers of the future. On the basis of the previous work, a direct hydrogen production from coal based on a CO2 sorbent enhanced gasification process was constructed in this paper using the ASPEN PLUS simulator. The system is mainly composed of two paralleled fluidized bed reactors, namely a gasifier and regenerator. Then, on the basis of the proposed system, more than 95% hydrogen and less than 5% methane, CO, and CO2 (mole percent, dry basis) of gas product is computationally obtained in a wide range of operating conditions. The cold gas efficiency of the system can reach as high as 92.6%. When a hydrogen and power coproduction system is considered, in which hydrogen is used as the fuel of the solid oxide fuel cell combined cycle (SOFC−CC) hybrid system, the system equivalent power efficiency can reach 61.9% considering the CO2 capture and disposal. Finally, the influences of several key parameters on the system performance, such as operating condition of the gasifier, steam/carbon ratio, Ca/C ratio, and carbon conversion ratio, are investigated.
Effects of Radiation Heating on Additively Printed Hybrid Fuel Grain Oxidizer-to-fuel Ratio Shift (2021)

This thesis examined the hypothesis that radiative heat transfer in small-scale printed-fuel hybrid rocket motors is responsible for the observed decreasing oxidizer-to-fuel (O/F) ratio shift. The magnitude of the radiation term was negligible for the motor sizes and types of propellants that have been previously tested, but was reintroduced in this study. To prove this hypothesis, a detailed enthalpy balance model was developed and tested using experimental fuel regression rate data obtained from a variety of motor scales using additively-manufactured acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (ABS) fuel grains.