gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Shape-controlled synthesis of Pd nanoparticles for effective photocatalytic hydrogen production (2015)

The photocatalytic activities of Pd nanoparticle loaded CdS photocatalysts strongly depend on the shapes of the Pd nanocrystal cocatalysts.
Efficient Low Dose X-ray CT Reconstruction through Sparsity-Based MAP Modeling (2014)

Ultra low radiation dose in X-ray Computed Tomography (CT) is an important clinical objective in order to minimize the risk of carcinogenesis. Compressed Sensing (CS) enables significant reductions in radiation dose to be achieved by producing diagnostic images from a limited number of CT projections. However, the excessive computation time that conventional CS-based CT reconstruction typically requires has limited clinical implementation. In this paper, we first demonstrate that a thorough analysis of CT reconstruction through a Maximum a Posteriori objective function results in a weighted compressive sensing problem. This analysis enables us to formulate a low dose fan beam and helical cone beam CT reconstruction. Subsequently, we provide an efficient solution to the formulated CS problem based on a Fast Composite Splitting Algorithm-Latent Expected Maximization (FCSA-LEM) algorithm. In the proposed method we use pseudo polar Fourier transform as the measurement matrix in order to decrease the computational complexity; and rebinning of the projections to parallel rays in order to extend its application to fan beam and helical cone beam scans. The weight involved in the proposed weighted CS model, denoted by Error Adaptation Weight (EAW), is calculated based on the statistical characteristics of CT reconstruction and is a function of Poisson measurement noise and rebinning interpolation error. Simulation results show that low computational complexity of the proposed method made the fast recovery of the CT images possible and using EAW reduces the reconstruction error by one order of magnitude. Recovery of a high quality 512$\times$ 512 image was achieved in less than 20 sec on a desktop computer without numerical optimizations.
Viscous oil recovery method. [cycles of steam-air injection and production] (1978)

Viscous petroleum may be recovered from viscous petroleum-containing formations such as tar sand deposits in a process employing steam and air or a free oxygen-containing gas in the ratio of 0.05 to 0.65 M.S.C.F. per bbl and a cyclical injection-production program in which first steam or steam and air is injected and fluids are produced without restriction until live steam is produced at the production well, after which steam and air are injected and production throttled to a value less than 50% and preferably less than 20% until the formation pressure at the production well rises to a value between about 60% to 95% of the steam injection pressure, after which fluid production is permitted without restriction and steam and air injection is reduced to a value less than 50% and preferably less than 20% of the original injection rate. The process should be applied to a formation in which adequate communication exists or in which a communication path is first established. The air and steam in the optimum ratio cause a low temperature, controlled-oxidation reaction in the formation. Optimum results are obtained if the pressurization and drawdown cycles are initiated shortly after the beginning of the steam-air injection program,more » and the process results in substantially increased oil recovery efficiency at all values of steam pore volumes injected.« less
Developmentally Regulated Lectins in Eimeria Species and Their Role in Avian Coccidiosis (1994)

Avian coccidiosis caused by Eimeria species is characterized by rather specific site infections of the intestine. We used hemagglutination and hemagglutination inhibition assays on various developmental stages of Eimeria tenella and on sporozoites of Eimeria acervulina and Eimeria maxima to assay for parasite lectins. Various monosaccharides, polysaccharides, and glycoproteins were used to demonstrate differences in sugar specificity of the lectins between these species. Surface lectins were found on the primary infective stage, i.e., sporozoites, but not on merozoites or unsporulated oocysts. Also, there were differences in the specificities of the various sugar lectins among the different parasite species. Furthermore, there was a dose-dependent reduction of infection of tissue culture cells by sporozoites of E. tenella that were continuously exposed to fetuin, 1 of the specific inhibitors of the lectin. The results of our study are unique in that in 3 species of avian Eimeria all have a lectin on their sporozoites, but the lectins for each species have different sugar specificities. We hypothesize that these lectins found on the surface of the sporozoites may play a role in determining the site of infection within the intestine of the host.
Backface Culling for Motion Blur and Depth of Field (2010)

Abstract For triangles with linear vertex motion, common practice is to backface cull a triangle if it is backfacing at both the start and end of the motion. However, this is not conservative. We derive conservative tests that guarantee that a moving triangle is backfacing over an entire time interval and over the area of a lens. In addition, we present tests for the special cases of only motion blur and only depth of field. Our techniques apply to real-time and offline rendering, and to both stochastic point sampling and analytical visibility methods. The rendering errors introduced by the nonconservative test can easily be detected for large defocus blur, but in the majority of cases the errors are hard to detect. We conclude that our tests are needed if one needs guaranteed artifact-free images. Finally, as a side result, we derive time-continuous Bézier edge equations.
Abstract 3437: A natural plant product to inhibit breast cancer metastasis (2012)

Abstract In the United States, breast cancer death is the second leading cause of cancer deaths in women, primarily due to the occurrence of metastatic disease. We have identified a potential novel therapeutic agent derived from an edible root of the plant Colocasia esculenta, commonly known as taro, which has significant antimetastatic activity in a preclinical model of metastatic breast cancer and that should have minimal toxicity. We have shown for the first time that a water-soluble extract of taro (TE) potently inhibits lung colonizing ability (95-99%) as well as spontaneous metastasis from mammary gland-implanted tumors (85%), in a murine model of highly metastatic ER, PR and Her-2/neu negative breast cancer. TE modestly inhibits the proliferation of some, but not all, breast and prostate cancer cell lines and also causes morphologic changes including cell rounding. TE inhibits prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) levels and because PGE2 is a potent immune modulator, we examined the role of immunity in the therapeutic response to TE. We first examined the effect of TE on Natural Killer (NK) cell activities. TE modestly increases NK-mediated tumor cell lysis in vitro. We determined the effect of NK depletion on TE efficacy in vivo. The ability of TE to inhibit metastasis was modestly compromised in NK-depleted mice indicating that NK cells play a minor role in TE-mediated antimetastatic activity. To examine the role of T and B lymphocytes, TE efficacy was examined in Balb/c SCID mice. Antimetastatic activity of TE was completely lost in SCID mice lacking mature T and B cells. Thus, T and /or B cell functions contribute to the mechanism by which TE inhibits metastasis. In published studies we have identified the active component of TE as one of three closely related taro proteins, tarin, taro lectin and 12-kDa storage protein. Current studies are determining how these candidate proteins affect immune functions to inhibit breast cancer metastasis. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 103rd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2012 Mar 31-Apr 4; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2012;72(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 3437. doi:1538-7445.AM2012-3437
Lasing in a gain-guided index antiguided fiber (2007)

Experimental demonstration is presented of lasing in a gain-guided index antiguided Nd3+-doped phosphate glass core fiber. This type of lasing remains in its lowest-order mode even when pumped well above threshold, leading to excellent beam quality.
An online quality management framework for approximate communication in network-on-chips (2019)

Approximate communication is being seriously considered as an effective technique for reducing power consumption and improving the communication efficiency of network-on-chips (NoCs). A major problem faced by these techniques is quality control: how do we ensure that the network will transmit data with sufficient accuracy for applications to produce acceptable results? Previous methods that addressed this issue require each application to calculate the approximation level for every piece of approximable data, which takes hundreds of cycles. So the approximation information is often not available when a request packet is transmitted. Therefore, the reply packet with the approximable data is transmitted with unnecessarily absolute accuracy, reducing the effectiveness of approximate communication.
Removal of Sediment and Bacteria from Water Using Green Chemistry (2010)

Although nearly all newly derived water purification methods have improved the water quality in developing countries, few have been accepted and maintained for long-term use. Field studies indicate that the most beneficial methods use indigenous resources, as they are both accessible and accepted by communities they help. In an effort to implement a material that will meet community needs, two fractions of mucilage gum were extracted from the Opuntia ficus-indica cactus and tested as flocculation agents against sediment and bacterial contamination. As diatomic ions are known to affect both mucilage and promote cell aggregation, CaCl(2) was studied in conjunction and compared with mucilage as a bacteria removal method. To evaluate performance, ion-rich waters that mimic natural water bodies were prepared. Column tests containing suspensions of the sediment kaolin exhibited particle flocculation and settling rates up to 13.2 cm/min with mucilage versus control settling rates of 0.5 cm/min. Bacillus cereus tests displayed flocculation and improved settling times with mucilage concentrations lower than 5 ppm and removal rates between 97 and 98% were observed for high bacteria concentration tests (>10(8) cells/ml). This natural material not only displays water purification abilities, but it is also affordable, renewable and readily available.
Imaging Interferometric Microscopy (2006)

The imaging interferometric microscopy (IIM) allows to get high-resolution images using low NA objectives. We demonstrate approaching to the λ/4 resolution with NA = 0.4 objective.
Model-Based Dependency Management for Migrating Service Hosting Environment (2007)

The proper operation of service-oriented architecture (SOA) strongly depends on the correct configuration of the service hosting environment that is essentially being shaped on a distributed system. Effective migration management of the distributed system is an absolute requirement to cope with intrinsic-changed nature of SOA. However, due to the large amount of configurations existing in the distributed system services and the complex dependencies among them, to migrate into a distributed system satisfying the operation requirement of SOA becomes an error-prone and time-consuming task. In this paper, we propose a model-based dependency management approach to migrate the distributed system services of the service hosting environment. Our approach has three contributions. Firstly, a model, called system service configuration model is defined for describing configuration parameters and the dependencies of different distributed system services. Secondly, based on the model, dependency management mechanisms are provided for validating the integrity of the configuration discovery process, checking the potentially cyclic dependencies and forming the correct setting sequence. Thirdly, a supporting tool, called system configuration migration (SCM), is implemented to demonstrate our approach, which has been deployed and used in the real migration cases.
Vector Magnetometer Based on a Single Spin-Orbit-Torque Anomalous-Hall Device (2022)

In many applications, the ability to measure the vector information of a magnetic field with high spatial resolution and low cost is essential, but remains a challenge for existing magnetometers composed of multiple sensors. Here, we report a single-device based vector magnetometer, which is enabled by spin-orbit torque, capable of measuring a vector magnetic field using the harmonic Hall resistances of a ferromagnet (FM)/heavy metal (HM) bilayer with superparamagnetic behavior. Under an ac driving current, the first- and second-harmonic Hall resistances of the FM/HM bilayer show a linear relationship with the vertical and longitudinal component (along the current direction) of the magnetic field, respectively. By employing an L-shaped Hall device with two orthogonal arms, we can measure all the three field components simultaneously, thereby detecting both the amplitude and direction of magnetic field in a three-dimensional space. As proofs of concepts, we demonstrate both angular position sensing on the three coordinate planes and vector mapping of magnetic field generated by a permanent magnet, both of which are in good agreement with the simulation results. Crosstalk between vertical and longitudinal field components at large field is discussed using theoretical models.
WT1 Peptide‐Based Immunotherapy for Patients with Lung Cancer: Report of Two Cases (2004)

The Wilms' tumor gene WT1 is overexpressed in various types of solid tumors, including lung and breast cancer and WT1 protein is a tumor antigen for these malignancies. In phase I clinical trials of WT1 peptide-based cancer immunotherapy, two patients with advanced lung cancer were intradermally injected with 0.3 mg of an HLA-A*2402-restricted, 9-mer WT1 peptide emulsified with Montanide ISA51 adjuvant. Consecutive WT1 vaccination at 2-week intervals resulted in a reduction in tumor markers such as chorio-embryonic antigen (CEA) and sialyl Lewis (x) (SLX) and by a transient decrease in tumor size. No adverse effects except for local erythema at the injection sites of WT1 vaccine were observed. These results provided us with the first clinical evidence demonstrating that WT1 peptide-based immunotherapy should be a promising treatment for patients with lung cancer.
Cell-bound complement activation products associate with lupus severity in SLE (2020)

Abnormalities in complement activation as measured by CB-CAPs are associated with increased LSI.
Coupled-Oscillator Associative Memory Array Operation for Pattern Recognition (2015)

The operation of an array of coupled oscillators underlying the associative memory function is demonstrated for various interconnection topologies (cross-connect and star-coupled). Three types of nonlinear oscillators (Andronov-Hopf, phase-locked loop, and spin torque) and their synchronization behavior are compared. Frequency-shift keying scheme of encoding input and memorized data is introduced. The speed of synchronization of oscillators and the evolution of the degree of match are studied as a function of device parameters.
Towards Coherent and Engaging Spoken Dialog Response Generation Using Automatic Conversation Evaluators (2019)

Encoder-decoder based neural architectures serve as the basis of state-of-the-art approaches in end-to-end open domain dialog systems. Since most of such systems are trained with a maximum likelihood~(MLE) objective they suffer from issues such as lack of generalizability and the generic response problem, i.e., a system response that can be an answer to a large number of user utterances, e.g., "Maybe, I don't know." Having explicit feedback on the relevance and interestingness of a system response at each turn can be a useful signal for mitigating such issues and improving system quality by selecting responses from different approaches. Towards this goal, we present a system that evaluates chatbot responses at each dialog turn for coherence and engagement. Our system provides explicit turn-level dialog quality feedback, which we show to be highly correlated with human evaluation. To show that incorporating this feedback in the neural response generation models improves dialog quality, we present two different and complementary mechanisms to incorporate explicit feedback into a neural response generation model: reranking and direct modification of the loss function during training. Our studies show that a response generation model that incorporates these combined feedback mechanisms produce more engaging and coherent responses in an open-domain spoken dialog setting, significantly improving the response quality using both automatic and human evaluation.
Simple buck/boost voltage regulator (1980)

Circuit corrects low or high supply voltage, produces regulated output voltage. Circuit has fewer components because inductory/transformer combination and pulse-width modulator serve double duty. Regulator handles input voltage variation from as low as one half output voltage to as high as input transistor rating. Solar arrays, fuel cells, and thermionic generators might use this regulator.
Enhanced catalysis by solvent improvement. Quarterly technical progress report, 1 January 1983-31 March 1983. [304 references] (1983)

The objectives of this contract are to conduct exploratory coal liquefaction research on modified solvents with slurry phase catalysts and on coal pretreatment. This report describes a review of the existing literature as well as currently on-going research in the areas of: (1) solvent quality effects on coal liquefaction; (2) role of heteroatoms in liquefaction of coal; (3) heteroatoms removal through solvent treatment, extraction and hydrogenation; (4) slurry phase catalysts in hydroprocessing of coal; and (5) effect of coal preparation and pretreatment on liquefaction. The review encompasses both technical papers and presentations as well as the patent literature. This report is comprised of two distinct parts. In Part I all the literature available on the effect of solvent quality, heteroatoms, heteroatoms removal, and slurry phase catalysts on coal liquefaction is incorporated. The existing literature and currently on-going research in the areas of the effect of coal pretreatment and preparation on coal conversion are presented in Part II of this report. 304 references.
A novel designer natriuretic peptide integrating human C‐type natriuretic peptide, atrial natriuretic peptide, and B‐type natriuretic peptide (2009)

Background The 17‐amino‐acid (AA) ring of C‐type natriuretic peptide (CNP) is essential for activation of NP receptor (NPR)‐B and the 2 nd messenger cGMP. CNP induces minimal hypotension as NPR‐B is more abundantly found in veins vs arteries, but possesses limited renal properties. We designed a novel peptide fusing the CNP ring with AAs from ANP and BNP to test our hypothesis that this unique peptide, CAB‐NP, would exert enhanced renal actions without inducing excessive hypotension. Methods CAB‐NP was synthesized (SLRRSSCFGLKLDRIGSMSGLGCKVLRRH) and infused (21 pmol/kg/min iv) in 5 anesthetized dogs. GFR was assessed by inulin clearance. Mean±SE, P<.05*, <.01 † , BL vs 30 min infusion. Results CAB‐NP increased plasma cGMP (3.5±0.6 to 10.9±1 † pmol/mL), urinary cGMP excretion (980±96 to 4587±825* pmol/min), net renal cGMP generation (823±88 to 4091±824* pmol/min), urine flow (0.2±.03 to 1.2±.4* mL/min) and Na + excretion (19±7 to 191±55* †Eq/min). Proximal (85±3 to 68±1 † %) and distal (98±1 to 91±2 † %) FRNa were reduced; GFR was preserved (46±4 to 45±3 mL/min). MAP mildly decreased (121±4 to 111±5* mmHg). PCWP (6±1 to 4±1 † mmHg) and RAP (3±1 to 2±1* mmHg) were reduced. Plasma renin activity (11±1 to 2±0.3 † ng/mL/hr) and aldosterone (15±4 to 7±2* ng/dL) were suppressed. Conclusions CAB‐NP exerts favorable in vivo actions without excessively lowering BP. The therapeutic potential of CAB‐NP warrants further studies. Supported by the NIH, HFSA, and ASCPT.
A Novel Fluorescent Probe for Zinc Ion Based on Boron Dipyrromethene (BODIPY) Chromophore (2004)

ZnAB has the combined structure of N,N-bis(2-pyridylmethyl)ethylenediamine as a specific chelater for Zn(2+) and 1,3,5,7-tetramethyl-8-phenyl-boron dipyrromethene as a fluorophore. Complexation of ZnAB with Zn(2+) produces a remarkable enhancement of fluorescence intensity. ZnAB has the advantages of less sensitivity to solvent polarity and pH than fluorescein-based Zn(2+) probes. Furthermore, it is not influenced by other cations, such as Na(+), K(+), Ca(2+), and Mg(2+), which exist at high concentrations under physiological conditions, even at 2.5 mM. The results show that ZnAB is a Zn(2+) probe suitable for biological applications.
Advanced High Energy Lithium Polymer Electrolyte Battery (1998)

Abstract : This program was directed toward synthesis of two closely related classes of new lithium ion conducting polymer electrolytes which are demonstrating both higher ionic conductivity and improved elastomeric properties over current state-of-the-art polymer electrolytes. The strategy exploited the approach that carbonate oxygens, within the single phase carbonate-siloxane polymer matrix, will facilitate extensive ionic dissociation of introduced lithium salts, and that furthermore elastomeric behavior of the matrix under ambient temperature conditions will lead to enhanced mobility of lithium ions. The validity of this approach was verified during this program where preliminary data supports lithium ion conductivities > 0001 per Scm at ambient temperature. Furthermore the elastomeric properties of these lithium ion conducting polymers will facilitate small inter-electrode distances to be achieved within portable secondary lithium batteries incorporating these new polymer electrolytes. These polymers were incorporated into lithium cells during this program.
Power transfer for a flexible gastric stimulator (2016)

Gastroparesis is a disorder reported to be prevalent among 30-50% of diabetics. Gastric electrical stimulation (GES) to the stomach has been used to treat the symptoms of gastroparesis. It usually consists of a large stimulator implanted inside the abdominal cavity with electrodes attached to the stomach tissues. In this work, we have designed, developed and tested a wirelessly powered gastric stimulator based on a flexible substrate that can be rolled into a capsule for endoscopic delivery and implantation. The stimulator can be conformed to the stomach curvature and attached onto the tissues. Characterization of transmitter and receiver antennas to wirelessly power the implant devices was conducted with near-field inductive coupling. Power transfer efficiency of the system was found to be 14 % at an antenna separation distance of 4 cm.