gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
MagMites - Microrobots for wireless microhandling in dry and wet environments (2010)

Central to the challenge of building sub-mm robots, or microrobots, is the development of effective power storage and locomotion mechanisms. In 2007 we introduced the Wireless Resonant Magnetic Micro-actuator (WRMMA) and its application in a successful microrobotic platform, the MagMite. The term MagMite is derived from Magnetic Mite-a tribute to the underlying magnetic propulsion principle and the microscale dimensions of the robot. The device harvests magnetic energy from the environment and effectively transforms it into impact-driven mechanical force while being fully controllable. It can be powered and controlled with oscillating fields in the kHz range and strengths as low as 2 mT, which is only roughly 50 times the average earth magnetic field. These microrobotic agents with dimensions less than 300 μm × 300 μm × 70 μm are capable of moving forward, backward and turning in place while reaching speeds in excess of 12.5 mm/s or 42 times the robot's body length per second. The robots produce enough force to push micro-objects of similar sizes and can be visually servoed through a maze in a fully automated fashion. The devices exhibit an overall degree of flexibility, controllability and performance unmatched by other microrobots reported in the literature. The robustness of the MagMites leads to high experimental repeatability, which in turn enabled them to successfully compete in the RoboCup 2007 and 2009 Nanogram competitions. In this video contribution we offer an integrated explanation of the non-intuitive MagMite actuation principle. This is achieved with the help of computer animation in direct comparison with real experimental footage. Furthermore, new recordings of the microrobots operating under dry and wet conditions while performing automated microhandling tasks are presented.
New Method of Gamma Dose-Rate Measurement Using Energy-Sensitive Counters (1987)

A new concept of charge quantization and pulse-rate measurement was developed to monitor low-level gamma dose rates using energy-sensitive, air-equivalent counters. Applying this concept, the charge from each detected photon is quantized by level-sensitive comparators so that the resulting total output pulse rate is proportional to dose rate. The concept was tested with a proportional counter and a solid-state detector for wide-range dose-rate monitoring applications. The prototypic monitors cover a dose-rate range from background radiation levels (10 μR/h) to 10 R/h.
A 10nm-Thick Hafnium Zirconium Oxide Piezoelectric Transducer for Extreme Miniaturization of Integrated Sensors and Actuators (2019)

This paper reports the thinnest ever-reported piezoelectric transducer for realization of extremely miniaturized nanomechanical sensors and actuators. A 10nm hafnium-zirconium-oxide (Hf <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">0.5</sub> Zr <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">0.5</sub> O <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> ) (HZO) film is engineered through atomic-level stacking, capping with titanium-nitride electrodes, and proper rapid-thermal-annealing treatment to promote non-centrosymmetric orthorhombic crystallization with large piezoelectric properties. The developed 10nm HZO transducer is used for excitation of a silicon-based multi-morph nanomechanical resonator, with an overall thickness of ~350nm. The developed resonator, along with 120nm aluminum-nitride (AlN) transduced counterparts, are also used as test-vehicles to characterize the ferroelectric and piezoelectric properties of the HZO film. Benefiting from large piezoelectric coefficient (e <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">31,HZO</sub> ≈ 2.3 <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">e31AlN</sub> ), fully conformal deposition, and CMOS-compatibility, ALD-deposited HZO transducer paves the way for radical miniaturization of nano-systems, realization of 3D nano-actuators, and extreme frequency scaling and monolithic integration of RF front-ends for the emerging 5G wireless communication systems.
Design of inhibitors of leukotriene biosynthesis and their therapeutic potential (1998)

Abstract
Fiber Bragg Grating Design for Photonic-Enabled RF Cancellation (2019)

As the frequency spectrum becomes increasingly crowded, wireless devices could greatly benefit from sensing network traffic on different bands. This capability is enhanced by including Simultaneous Transmit and Receive (STAR) technology, which allows users to additionally detect on their own transmit channel. RF cancellation is a critical component of many STAR systems, and has recently been extended to operate over 1 GHz of instantaneous bandwidth. These wideband cancellers utilize photonic components, specifically Fiber Bragg Gratings (FBGs), to provide tunable time delay elements within compact packages. This paper investigates the critical parameters of a FBG within a photonic-enabled RF canceller, and presents the results of an 80-tap design that can greatly advance the development of future STAR systems.
Screening and identification of genetic loci involved in producing more/denser inclusion bodies in Escherichia coli (2013)

A novel density gradient sorting method was developed to screen genetic libraries. Beneficial host genetic changes could be exploited to improve recombinant protein expression as well as downstream protein purification.
Nanoscale Nuclear Magnetic Resonance with Quantum Sensors enhanced by Nanostructures (2022)

Nanoscale Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) based on Nitrogen-vacancy centers in Diamond is promising for biochemistry applications. We integrate the Quantum Sensors into Nanostructures and realize NMR spectroscopy of nanoconfined liquids.
Pyrazolo[3,4-d]pyrimidine ribonucleosides as anticoccidials. 1. Synthesis and activity of some nucleosides of purines and 4-(alkylthio)pyrazolo[3,4-d]pyrimidines (1982)

The finding that 6-(methylthio)-9-beta-D-ribofuranosyl-9H-purine (6) was more toxic to the avian coccidium, Eimeria tenella, than to embryonic chick liver host cells in vitro prompted the synthesis and testing of analogues of this compound. It was revealed that the beta-D-ribofuranosyl moiety was an important structural feature and that several types of 2-substituents in the purine ring decreased efficacy, as did 3-deaza and 8-aza ring modifications of 6. In contrast, the pyrazolo[3,4-d]pyrimidine analogue of 6 (24) was an order of magnitude more active. Moreover, this analogue was 24-fold less toxic to the host cells than was 6. A series of 4-(alkylthio)-1-beta-D-ribofuranosyl-1H-pyrazolo[3,4-d]pyrimidines was prepared from 4-mercapto-1-beta-D-ribofuranosyl-1H-pyrazolo[3,4-d]pyrimidine (23) and various alkyl halides. The most effective compound in this series in vivo, 4-(ethylthio)-1-beta-D-ribofuranosyl-1H-pyrazolo[3,4-d]pyrimidine (25), cleared chicks of the parasite at 50 ppm in the diet and was much less toxic than was 24.
Accelerated sintering in phase-separating nanostructured alloys (2015)

Sintering of powders is a common means of producing bulk materials when melt casting is impossible or does not achieve a desired microstructure, and has long been pursued for nanocrystalline materials in particular. Acceleration of sintering is desirable to lower processing temperatures and times, and thus to limit undesirable microstructure evolution. Here we show that markedly enhanced sintering is possible in some nanocrystalline alloys. In a nanostructured W-Cr alloy, sintering sets on at a very low temperature that is commensurate with phase separation to form a Cr-rich phase with a nanoscale arrangement that supports rapid diffusional transport. The method permits bulk full density specimens with nanoscale grains, produced during a sintering cycle involving no applied stress. We further show that such accelerated sintering can be evoked by design in other nanocrystalline alloys, opening the door to a variety of nanostructured bulk materials processed in arbitrary shapes from powder inputs.
Low-Cost, Long-Endurance Cooperative Navigation Based on “Light” Marine Equipment in Deep Sea (2020)

Low-cost, long-endurance navigation is a crucial universal supporting technology for long-range underwater vehicles while entering, exploring, and developing the deep sea. To overcome the limitations of existing navigation systems (e.g., high cost and unsuitability for long-endurance operation), this study proposes a cooperative navigation system based on “light” marine equipment such as wave glider, underwater acoustic communication modem (UACM), and micro-electro-mechanical system (MEMS) sensor. The focus was to resolve the crucial technical problems faced by the above mentioned “light” marine equipment during deep integration. First, the wave glider path planning based on deep reinforcement learning is studied to ensure continuous and reliable information interaction between the wave glider and underwater vehicle. Second, underwater acoustic communication one-way ranging based on a sound velocity profile (SVP) coupling model and a constant gradient SVP fast algorithm is studied to achieve fast and accurate estimation of the horizontal range between the wave glider and underwater vehicle. Finally, UACM-MEMS sensor cooperative navigation based on decision feedback-denoising auto-encoding and adaptive Kalman filter is studied to ensure the accuracy of navigation. Through deep integration of each “light” marine equipment, low-cost, long-endurance cooperative navigation can be realized in the deep sea.
Quantification of complex blood flow using real-time in vivo vector flow ultrasound (2010)

A quantitative method for distinguishing complex from non-complex flow patterns in ultrasound is presented. A new commercial BK Medical ultrasound scanner uses the Transverse Oscillation vector flow technique for visualising flow patterns in real-time. In vivo vector flow data of the blood flow patterns of the common carotid artery and the carotid bulb were obtained simultaneously as the basis for quantifying complex flow. The carotid bifurcation of two healthy volunteers were scanned. The presence of complex flow patterns from eight cardiac cycles were evaluated by three experts in medical ultrasound. From the same data the mean standard deviation of the flow angles (MSTDA) were calculated and compared to the expert evaluations. Comparison between the combined experts evaluations and the MSTDA was performed. Using linear regression analysis, a correlation coefficient of 0.925 was found. The upper and lower bounds for a 95% confidence interval of 0.974 and 0.792 respectively, were calculated. The MSTDA was below 25° for the common carotid artery and above 25° for the carotid bulb. Thus, the MSTDA value can distinguishing complex flow from non-complex flow and can be used as the basis for automatic detection of complex flow patterns.
The continuous frequency dynamic range compressor (2002)

The typical multiband audio compressor (TMC), such as that used in many modern hearing aids, consists of a bandpass filter bank coupled to a compression circuit which applies gain to each frequency band as a function of power in that band. Generally the filter bank is designed so that the sum of magnitude responses of the filters is unity with the band edges as steep as the implementation will allow, to minimize overlap between bands. There are a number of problems with this approach. Difficult decisions must be made regarding placement of band edges. While the composite response for broad band signals may be flat, the narrow band-e.g. swept sine-response exhibits bumps near the band edges. In other words, the system is non-shift invariant with respect to frequency. We show that these problems can be eliminated by increasing the number of bands, and by extending the overlap region between bands. The problem is examined in terms of frequency domain sampling of the power spectrum. If the sampling rate is sufficiently high then artifacts disappear, and the system can be viewed as continuous in frequency with no band edges.
Human Umbilical Cord Blood Cells Induce Neuroprotective Change in Gene Expression Profile in Neurons after Ischemia through Activation of Akt Pathway (2015)

Human umbilical cord blood (HUCB) cell therapies have shown promising results in reducing brain infarct volume and most importantly in improving neurobehavioral function in rat permanent middle cerebral artery occlusion, a model of stroke. In this study, we examined the gene expression profile in neurons subjected to oxygen-glucose deprivation (OGD) with or without HUCB treatment and identified signaling pathways (Akt/MAPK) important in eliciting HUCB-mediated neuroprotective responses. Gene chip microarray analysis was performed using RNA samples extracted from the neuronal cell cultures from four experimental groups: normoxia, normoxia+HUCB, OGD, and OGD+HUCB. Both quantitative RT-PCR and immunohistochemistry were carried out to verify the microarray results. Using the Genomatix software program, promoter regions of selected genes were compared to reveal common transcription factor-binding sites and, subsequently, signal transduction pathways. Under OGD condition, HUCB cells significantly reduced neuronal loss from 68% to 44% [one-way ANOVA, F(3, 16)=11, p=0.0003]. Microarray analysis identified mRNA expression of Prdx5, Vcam1, CCL20, Alcam, and Pax6 as being significantly altered by HUCB cell treatment. Inhibition of the Akt pathway significantly abolished the neuroprotective effect of HUCB cells [one-way ANOVA, F(3, 11)=8.663, p=0.0031]. Our observations show that HUCB neuroprotection is dependent on the activation of the Akt signaling pathway that increases transcription of the Prdx5 gene. We concluded that HUCB cell therapy would be a promising treatment for stroke and other forms of brain injury by modifying acute gene expression to promote neural cell protection.
The Master Key: A Private Authentication Approach for Pervasive Computing Environments (2006)

We propose a novel entity authentication approach for pervasive computing environments. A person uses a single device, the master key, which aggregates all his digital forms of access tokens for entity authentication. The master key discovers and selects proper tokens for its owner. With an emphasis on usability, the master key secures authentication, protects privacy information from outsiders and insiders, and supports various claimant-verifier relations. We analyze privacy and security properties of our approach and protocols, and we investigate the overhead. Performance measurements show that our protocols are efficient
Thin Films of Organic Salts with Large Optical Non-Linearities by Organic Vapor Phase Deposition. (1995)

Recently, single crystals of organic and organometallic salts 1 - 3 have been shown to possess extremely large second order ( χ (2) ) NLO effects leading to a high second harmonic generation (SHG) efficiency. The naturally non-centrosymmetric crystal structures of these compounds eliminates the need for external poling as required for guest-host polymeric systems. Furthermore, these salts have a high optical damage threshold and sufficient stability with respect to temperature to withstand many conventional semiconductor fabrication processes. In particular, highly pure single crystals of the salt, 4'-dimethylamino-N-methyl-4-stilbazolium tosylate (DAST) 1 , have been shown to have a value of χ (2) at least 10 3 times greater than that of urea.
Enhanced Myocardial Function in Transgenic Mice Overexpressing the β <sub>2</sub> -Adrenergic Receptor (1994)

Transgenic mice were created with cardiac-specific overexpression of the beta 2-adrenergic receptor. This resulted in increased basal myocardial adenylyl cyclase activity, enhanced atrial contractility, and increased left ventricular function in vivo; these parameters at baseline in the transgenic animals were equal to those observed in control animals maximally stimulated with isoproterenol. These results illustrate a useful approach for studying the effect of gene expression on cardiac contractility. Because chronic heart failure in humans is accompanied by a reduction in the number of myocardial beta-adrenergic receptors and in inotropic responsiveness, these results suggest a potential gene therapy approach to this disease state.
Thermoplastic biodegradable shape memory elastomeric composites by dual-electrospinning (2016)

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Feature-based light field morphing (2002)

We present a feature-based technique for morphing 3D objects represented by light fields. Our technique enables morphing of image-based objects whose geometry and surface properties are too difficult to model with traditional vision and graphics techniques. Light field morphing is not based on 3D reconstruction; instead it relies on ray correspondence, i.e., the correspondence between rays of the source and target light fields. We address two main issues in light field morphing: feature specification and visibility changes. For feature specification, we develop an intuitive and easy-to-use user interface (UI). The key to this UI is feature polygons, which are intuitively specified as 3D polygons and are used as a control mechanism for ray correspondence in the abstract 4D ray space. For handling visibility changes due to object shape changes, we introduce ray-space warping. Ray-space warping can fill arbitrarily large holes caused by object shape changes; these holes are usually too large to be properly handled by traditional image warping. Our method can deal with non-Lambertian surfaces, including specular surfaces (with dense light fields). We demonstrate that light field morphing is an effective and easy-to-use technqiue that can generate convincing 3D morphing effects.
Unraveling G Protein-coupled Receptor Endocytosis Pathways Using Real-time Monitoring of Agonist-promoted Interaction between β-Arrestins and AP-2 (2007)

The most widely studied pathway underlying agonist-promoted internalization of G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) involves beta-arrestin and clathrin-coated pits. However, both beta-arrestin- and clathrin-independent processes have also been reported. Classically, the endocytic routes are characterized using pharmacological inhibitors and various dominant negative mutants, resulting sometimes in conflicting results and interpretational difficulties. Here, taking advantage of the fact that beta-arrestin binding to the beta2 subunit of the clathrin adaptor AP-2 (beta2-adaptin) is needed for the beta-arrestin-mediated targeting of GPCRs to clathrin-coated pits, we developed a bioluminescence resonance energy transfer-based approach directly assessing the molecular steps involved in the endocytosis of GPCRs in living cells. For 10 of the 12 receptors tested, including some that were previously suggested to internalize via clathrin-independent pathways, agonist stimulation promoted beta-arrestin 1 and 2 interaction with beta2-adaptin, indicating a beta-arrestin- and clathrin-dependent endocytic process. Detailed analyses of beta-arrestin interactions with both the receptor and beta2-adaptin also allowed us to demonstrate that recruitment of beta-arrestins to the receptor and the ensuing conformational changes are the leading events preceding AP-2 engagement and subsequent clathrin-mediated endocytosis. Among the receptors tested, only the endothelin A and B receptors failed to promote interaction between beta-arrestins and beta2-adaptin. However, both receptors recruited beta-arrestins upon agonist stimulation, suggesting a beta-arrestin-dependent but clathrin-independent route of internalization for these two receptors. In addition to providing a new tool to dissect the molecular events involved in GPCR endocytosis, the bioluminescence resonance energy transfer-based beta-arrestin/beta2-adaptin interaction assay represents a novel biosensor to assess receptor activation.
Microcontact printing of self-assembled monolayers: applications in microfabrication (1996)

This paper describes applications in microfabrication using patterned self-assembled monolayers (SAMs) formed by microcontact printing. Microcontact printing is a flexible new technique that forms patterned SAMs with regions terminated by different chemical functionalities (and thus different physical and chemical properties), in patterns with dimensions. Patterns of SAM are formed using an alkanethiol as an `ink', and printing the alkanethiol on a metal support with elastomeric `stamp'. We fabricate the stamp by moulding a silicone elastomer using a master prepared by optical or x-ray microlithography or by other techniques. SAMs of long-chain alkanethiolates on gold and other metals can act as nanometer resists by protecting the supporting metal from corrosion by appropriately formulated etchants: the fabrication of microstructures of gold and silicon demonstrates the utility of patterned SAMs (formed by ) as nm resists. Patterned SAMs formed by can also control the wettability of a surface on the scale. The organization of liquids in patterned arrays with dimensions, and the patterned deposition of microcrystals and microcrystal arrays illustrate the use of controlled wettability for microfabrication.
Lack of functional complementation between Bordetella pertussis filamentous hemagglutinin and Proteus mirabilis HpmA hemolysin secretion machineries (1997)

The gram-negative bacterium Bordetella pertussis has adapted specific secretion machineries for each of its major secretory proteins. In particular, the highly efficient secretion of filamentous hemagglutinin (FHA) is mediated by the accessory protein FhaC. FhaC belongs to a family of outer membrane proteins which are involved in the secretion of large adhesins or in the activation and secretion of Ca2+-independent hemolysins by several gram-negative bacteria. FHA shares with these hemolysins a 115-residue-long amino-proximal region essential for its secretion. To compare the secretory pathways of these hemolysins and FHA, we attempted functional transcomplementation between FhaC and the Proteus mirabilis hemolysin accessory protein HpmB. HpmB could not promote the secretion of FHA derivatives. Likewise, FhaC proved to be unable to mediate secretion and activation of HpmA, the cognate secretory partner of HpmB. In contrast, ShlB, the accessory protein of the closely related Serratia marcescens hemolysin, was able to activate and secrete HpmA. Two invariant asparagine residues lying in the region of homology shared by secretory proteins and shown to be essential for the secretion and activation of the hemolysins were replaced in FHA by site-directed mutagenesis. Replacements of these residues indicated that both are involved in, but only the first one is crucial to, FHA secretion. This slight discrepancy together with the lack of functional complementation demonstrates major differences between the hemolysins and FHA secretion machineries.