gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Two-dimensional sampling moiré method for fast and accurate phase analysis of single fringe pattern (2013)

Phase analysis plays a role in optical science and technology. For instance, phase analysis technique has been widely used for 3-D shape and deformation measurement by fringe projection profilometry. To analyze the phase distribution of a single fringe pattern, various fringe pattern analysis methods such as a Fourier transform, a wavelet transform, and the windowed Fourier transform have been developed. In this study, a fast phase analysis technique, i.e., two-dimensional sampling moiré method, is proposed to determine accurately the phase distribution of a single fringe pattern by using two-dimensional intensity information. In this method, we record diagonally a single fringe pattern image by using a CCD camera, and perform the image processing of down-sampling with a sampling pitch and intensity interpolation in both <i>x-</i> and <i>y-</i>directions to generate a two-dimensional phase-shifted moiré fringe. Then, the phase distribution of the moiré fringe can be determined by using phase-shifting method and a two-dimensional discrete Fourier transform (DFT) algorithm. Finally, the desired phase distribution of the original fringe pattern can be obtained by adding the phase of the sampling point to the phase of the moiré pattern. By the proposed method, the phase error caused by the random noise of the camera can be dramatically decreased because the intensity information is much richer than one-dimensional intensity data, which utilizes a two-dimensional DFT algorithm. The fundamental principle and primary simulation and experimental results are presented. Theses results show that phase analysis can be performed under extremely low signal-to-noise ratio measurement condition.
A pressure drop investigation of immiscible liquid-liquid micro flows (2009)

Abstract Over the past decade there has been a considerable increase in the research on lab-on-a-chip applications that focuses on designing analytical chemical and biological devices. One such application is the possibility of integrating the functional steps of DNA analysis into a micro-total-analysis system (µTAS). Encapsulation of PCR samples within an inert carrier fluid allows the samples to be transported as micro-reactors. Plug based micro reactors suspended in an inert carrier fluid have a lot of promise in microfluidic analytical devices, offering a reduction in resident-time, reagents and labour with an increase in through-put, accuracy and quality. The development of a thin wetting film between the wall of the capillary and the micro reactor increase the interfacial area of the plug and can also intensify the internal circulation occurring within the plug. Only recently has work being preformed on the fluid mechanics that characterise this scale. An experimental study is carried out to study the effect capillary diameter, carrier viscosity and flow rate has on the pressure drop under bi-phasic flow conditions.
Integrating Multi-Agent Systems: A Case Study (2006)

Intelligent Agent technology provides an appropriate framework to integrate knowledge with efficient production actions in distributed organizations. Integration of knowledge depends on balanced information representation within and across heterogeneous organizations. Integrating information within a specific environment can be helped by the deployment of standards and common practices. However, it is harder to attempt such a smooth integration with the information of foreign organizations. It is the challenge of this paper to present an architecture that provides a first step towards successful integration of separate multi-agent systems in a real life control domain.
Role of endogenous regucalcin in transgenic rats: Suppression of kidney cortex cytosolic protein phosphatase activity and enhancement of heart muscle microsomal Ca<sup>2+</sup>‐ATPase activity (2002)

Rats were generated by pronuclear injection of the transgene with a cDNA construct encoding rat regucalcin that is a regulatory protein of Ca2+ signaling. Transgenic (TG) founders were fertile, transmitted the transgene at the expected frequency, and bred to homozygote. Western analysis of the cytosol prepared from the tissue of TG female rats (5-week-old) showed a remarkable expression of regucalcin (3.3 kDa) protein in the liver, kidney cortex, heart, lung, stomach, brain, spleen, muscle, colon, and duodenum. Regucalcin expression of TG male rats was seen in the liver, kidney cortex, heart, and lung. In wild-type (wt) male and female rats, regucalcin was mainly present in the liver and kidney cortex. Regucalcin inhibited protein phosphatase activity in rat kidney cortex cytosol and activated Ca2+-ATPase activity in rat heart muscle microsomes. The suppressive effect of regucalcin on protein phosphatase activity was significantly enhanced in the cytosol of kidney cortex of TG male and female rats as compared with those of wt rats. Likewise, heart muscle microsomal Ca2+-ATPase activity was significantly enhanced in TG rats. The changes in their enzyme's activities in TG rats were completely abolished in the presence of anti-regucalcin monoclonal antibody (100 ng/ml) in the enzyme reaction mixture. Moreover, the body weight of TG female rats was significantly lowered as compared with that of wt rats. Serum inorganic phosphorus concentration was significantly increased in TG male and female rats, while serum calcium, glucose, triglyceride, free cholesterol, albumin, and urea nitrogen concentrations were not significantly altered in TG rats. Regucalcin TG rats should be a useful model to define a regulatory role of endogenous regucalcin in the tissues in vivo.
A Petrophysical-Mechanlcal Math Model for Real-Time Wellsite Pore Pressure/Fracture Gradient Prediction (1987)

Abstract Petrophysical-mechanical math modeling is an entirely new approach to Pore Pressure/Fracture Gradient prediction. Traditional petrophysical techniques are used to estimate rock porosity, (ϕ) and relative shale volume (Vshale). In this new methodology, pore pressure is calculated from earth stresses rather than empirical fluid pressure relationships. Overburden stress is an integrated bulk density log derived from porosity, (ϕ) and Vshale. Effective vertical stress is calculated from porosity, (ϕ) for each lithology (Vshale) using the Rubey & Hubbert (1959) relationship. Pore Pressure is the difference between overburden and effective vertical stress, following the Terzaghi (1923) relationship. Fracture propagation pressure is the sum of effective horizontal stress and pore pressure. In relaxed sedimentary basins, effective horizontal stress is calculated from effective vertical stress for each lithology (Vshale). Visco-plastic rather than elastic rock properties are used to calculate effective horizontal stress. This new methodology has been used on 17 wells in the Gulf of Mexico. Well planning is done by batch processing of log data. Drilling operations are supported by real-time processing of MWD log data at the wellsite. Accuracy has been better than 1/2 ppg where lithologic discrimination was good and stress modeling assumptions were met.
An x-ray-based capsule for colorectal cancer screening incorporating single photon counting technology (2017)

An ingestible capsule for colorectal cancer screening, based on ionizing-radiation imaging, has been developed and is in advanced stages of system stabilization and clinical evaluation. The imaging principle allows future patients using this technology to avoid bowel cleansing, and to continue the normal life routine during procedure. The Check-Cap capsule, or C-Scan ® Cap, imaging principle is essentially based on reconstructing scattered radiation, while both radiation source and radiation detectors reside within the capsule. The radiation source is a custom-made radioisotope encased in a small canister, collimated into rotating beams. While traveling along the human colon, irradiation occurs from within the capsule towards the colon wall. Scattering of radiation occurs both inside and outside the colon segment; some of this radiation is scattered back and detected by sensors onboard the capsule. During procedure, the patient receives small amounts of contrast agent as an addition to his/her normal diet. The presence of contrast agent inside the colon dictates the dominant physical processes to become Compton Scattering and X-Ray Fluorescence (XRF), which differ mainly by the energy of scattered photons. The detector readout electronics incorporates low-noise Single Photon Counting channels, allowing separation between the products of these different physical processes. Separating between radiation energies essentially allows estimation of the distance from the capsule to the colon wall, hence structural imaging of the intraluminal surface. This allows imaging of structural protrusions into the colon volume, especially focusing on adenomas that may develop into colorectal cancer.
Just DrawIt: a 3D sketching system (2012)

We present JustDrawIt, a sketch-based system for creating 3D curves suitable for surfacing. The user can sketch in a free-form manner from any view at any time, and the system infers how those sketch strokes should be added to the drawing. Specifically, existing curves are projected to 2D and analyzed to see if the stroke edits or extends an existing curve, or if the stroke should make a new curve. In the former case the 2D stroke is promoted to 3D using the position of the existing curve, and then joined to that curve. In the latter case, we use additional spatial information (e.g. temporary 3D surfaces) to create a new curve in 3D. All non-sketching interactions are based on unintrusive context-aware, in-screen pie menus designed for rapid pen-based input. We also provide novel rendering styles and aides for interpreting and working with 3D sketches. Finally, we support snapping together curve networks and specifying normals in order to create surface models.
3D-SSIM for video quality assessment (2012)

Effective and efficient objective video quality assessment (VQA) methods are highly desirable in modern visual communication systems for performance evaluation, quality control and resource allocation purposes. Simple VQA algorithms may be developed by direct extensions of still image quality assessment (IQA) approaches on a frame-by-frame basis. Advanced VQA methods take into account the temporal correlation and motion information contained in video signals but often lead to significantly increased computational complexity. Here we use a different approach to examine a video signal by considering it as a three-dimensional (3D) volume image. Specifically, we propose a 3D structural similarity (3D-SSIM) approach, which first creates a 3D quality map by applying SSIM evaluations within local 3D blocks, and then use local information content and local distortion based weighting methods to pool the quality map into a single quality measure. The resulting 3D-SSIM algorithm is computationally efficient and demonstrates highly competitive performance in comparison with state-of-the-art VQA algorithms when tested using four publicly available video quality databases.
MUC1 ectodomain is a flagellin-targeting decoy receptor and biomarker operative during Pseudomonas aeruginosa lung infection (2021)

We previously reported that flagellin-expressing Pseudomonas aeruginosa (Pa) provokes NEU1 sialidase-mediated MUC1 ectodomain (MUC1-ED) desialylation and MUC1-ED shedding from murine lungs in vivo. Here, we asked whether Pa in the lungs of patients with ventilator-associated pneumonia might also increase MUC1-ED shedding. The levels of MUC1-ED and Pa-expressed flagellin were dramatically elevated in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) harvested from Pa-infected patients, and each flagellin level, in turn, predicted MUC1-ED shedding in the same patient. Desialylated MUC1-ED was only detected in BALF of Pa-infected patients. Clinical Pa strains increased MUC1-ED shedding from cultured human alveolar epithelia, and FlaA and FlaB flagellin-expressing strains provoked comparable levels of MUC1-ED shedding. A flagellin-deficient isogenic mutant generated dramatically reduced MUC1-ED shedding compared with the flagellin-expressing wild-type strain, and purified FlaA and FlaB recapitulated the effect of intact bacteria. Pa:MUC1-ED complexes were detected in the supernatants of alveolar epithelia exposed to wild-type Pa, but not to the flagellin-deficient Pa strain. Finally, human recombinant MUC1-ED dose-dependently disrupted multiple flagellin-driven processes, including Pa motility, Pa biofilm formation, and Pa adhesion to human alveolar epithelia, while enhancing human neutrophil-mediated Pa phagocytosis. Therefore, shed desialylated MUC1-ED functions as a novel flagellin-targeting, Pa-responsive decoy receptor that participates in the host response to Pa at the airway epithelial surface.
Role of Hexahistidine in Directed Nanoassemblies of Tobacco Mosaic Virus Coat Protein (2011)

A common challenge in nanotechnology is the fabrication of materials with well-defined nanoscale structure and properties. Here we report that a genetically engineered tobacco mosaic virus (TMV) coat protein (CP), to which a hexahistidine (His) tag was incorporated, can self-assemble into disks, hexagonally packed arrays of disks, stacked disks, helical rods, fibers, and elongated rafts. The insertion of a His tag to the C-terminus of TMV-CP was shown to significantly affect the self-assembly in comparison to the wild type, WT-TMV-CP. Furthermore, the His tag interactions attributed to the alternative self-assembly of His-TMV-CP can be controlled through ethanol and nickel-nitrilotriacetic acid (Ni-NTA) additions as monitored with atomic force microscopy.
Neuromyelitis optica-IgG (aquaporin-4) autoantibodies in immune mediated optic neuritis (2009)

The clinical course of immune mediated optic neuritis (ON) will depend on the specific underlying inflammatory disease. These disorders have traditionally been classified according to clinical and MRI findings. Aquaporin-4 (AQP4) autoantibodies (neuromyelitis optica-IgG (NMO-IgG)) may have diagnostic and prognostic value in patients who present with isolated ON. In this prospective study, NMO-IgG was evaluated in 114 patients with ON in the following contexts: neuromyelitis optica (NMO), multiple sclerosis (MSON), chronic relapsing inflammatory ON (CRION), relapsing isolated ON (RION) and single isolated ON (SION). The proportion seropositive was 56% for NMO (n = 9), 0% for MSON (n = 28) and 5% for the remaining diagnostic categories (CRION (n = 19), RION (n = 17) and SION (n = 41)). Testing for NMO-IgG in patients with recurrent or severe ON who lack convincing evidence of MS may identify patients who would benefit from immunosuppression rather than MS directed immunomodulatory therapies.
Incentive design for demand-response based on building constraints (2017)

Electrical utilities offer incentives to their customers to reduce their demand during temporary supply-demand mismatches. While customers would prefer a higher incentive to participate, utilities would prefer to minimize the incentive while achieving a target reduction. Because the incentive affects the bottomline of the utility, identifying the optimal incentive reflecting this trade-off is important.
Enhancing spatial resolution in digital holographic microscopy by biprism structured illumination (2014)

A novel and efficient architecture of a structured-illumination digital holographic microscope (DHM) is presented. As the DHM operates at the diffraction limit, its spatial resolution on label-free imaging of transparent samples is improved by illuminating the sample with a structured illumination produced by a Fresnel's biprism. The theoretical analysis of the method forecasts a twofold improvement of the spatial resolution. The proposed method requires only two images to improve the spatial resolution, which eases the process of unmixing the high-resolution components by means of an unknown phase-shift procedure. Numerical modeling and experimental results validate the theoretical findings.
Serine and metalloprotease signaling through PAR1 in arterial thrombosis and vascular injury (2011)

Thrombin-dependent platelet activation has been shown to be important in the setting of angioplasty and stenting, which may cause ischemic complications including acute myocardial infarction and death. Inhibitors of the high-affinity thrombin receptor, protease-activated receptor 1 (PAR1), are now being evaluated in clinical trials for safety and efficacy in patients with atherothrombotic disease. However, it is unknown whether chronic inhibition of PAR1 in these large patient populations will have beneficial or possibly adverse effects on other biologic processes involved in blood vessel homeostasis and the response to vascular injury. Most recently, PAR1 was found to be cleaved at a distinct site by matrix metalloprotease-1 (MMP-1) to create a longer tethered ligand, which activates a distinct spectrum of G protein pathways in platelets. The differential activation by serine proteases such as thrombin and the metalloprotease MMP-1, places the protease receptor PAR1 at the junction of two major protease classes critically involved in thrombosis, matrix remodeling, and the response to vascular injury.
Flip‐avoiding interpolating surface registration for skull reconstruction (2018)

Skull reconstruction is an important and challenging task in craniofacial surgery planning, forensic investigation and anthropological studies. Existing methods typically reconstruct approximating surfaces that regard corresponding points on the target skull as soft constraints, thus incurring non-zero error even for non-defective parts and high overall reconstruction error. This paper proposes a novel geometric reconstruction method that non-rigidly registers an interpolating reference surface that regards corresponding target points as hard constraints, thus achieving low reconstruction error. To overcome the shortcoming of interpolating a surface, a flip-avoiding method is used to detect and exclude conflicting hard constraints that would otherwise cause surface patches to flip and self-intersect. Comprehensive test results show that our method is more accurate and robust than existing skull reconstruction methods. By incorporating symmetry constraints, it can produce more symmetric and normal results than other methods in reconstructing defective skulls with a large number of defects. It is robust against severe outliers such as radiation artifacts in computed tomography due to dental implants. In addition, test results also show that our method outperforms thin-plate spline for model resampling, which enables the active shape model to yield more accurate reconstruction results. As the reconstruction accuracy of defective parts varies with the use of different reference models, we also study the implication of reference model selection for skull reconstruction.
The Effect of Core Delocalization on Intermolecular Interactions in Conjugated Dendrimers (2003)

Abstract Four generations of conjugated dendrimers that contain 1,3,5‐tris(distyrylbenzenyl)benzene cores, stilbene dendrons, and t ‐butyl surface groups have been synthesized. The dendrimers were synthesized by coupling benzylphosphonate‐focused dendrons with 1,3,5‐tris(4‐formylstilbenyl)benzene to give the dendrimers in yields in the range 60–82 %. We have probed the optoelectronic properties of the dendrimers by electrochemistry, photoluminescence, and in light‐emitting device structures. We have found that the degree of aggregation is strongly generation dependent. We compared the properties of these benzene‐centered dendrimers with an equivalent family of dendrimers that differs only in having a nitrogen atom as the central unit. We found that the aggregation of dendrimers was strongly dependent on the degree of delocalization across the central unit. The dendrimers with the benzene central unit, which have three localized distyrylbenzene chromophores, were found to aggregate more strongly in the solid state than those with nitrogen as the central unit. In the latter case the electroactive component is comprised of all three distyrylbenzene units and the nitrogen atom.
Direct measurement of K<sup>+</sup> ion efflux from neuronal cells using a graphene-based ion sensitive field effect transistor (2020)

A graphene-based ion sensitive field effect transistor (GISFET) has been developed and investigated in terms of its ion sensing performance. The GISFET sensor was found to demonstrate a high detection sensitivity enabling direct measurement of K<sup>+</sup> ion efflux from live cells. The sensing performance of the GISFET was directly compared to that of a commercial Si ISFET and very similar detection results were obtained, highlighting the promise of the GISFET sensor for ion-sensing applications. Additionally, fabrication of a GISFET array containing 25 devices using a CMOS compatible photolithographic process was demonstrated, which resulted in good uniformity across the array and high ion sensing properties of the devices, underlining their application potential for simultaneous multi-well testing with small sample volume.
Dense and Sparse Reconstruction Error Based Saliency Descriptor (2016)

In this paper, we propose a visual saliency detection algorithm from the perspective of reconstruction error. The image boundaries are first extracted via superpixels as likely cues for background templates, from which dense and sparse appearance models are constructed. First, we compute dense and sparse reconstruction errors on the background templates for each image region. Second, the reconstruction errors are propagated based on the contexts obtained from K -means clustering. Third, the pixel-level reconstruction error is computed by the integration of multi-scale reconstruction errors. Both the pixel-level dense and sparse reconstruction errors are then weighted by image compactness, which could more accurately detect saliency. In addition, we introduce a novel Bayesian integration method to combine saliency maps, which is applied to integrate the two saliency measures based on dense and sparse reconstruction errors. Experimental results show that the proposed algorithm performs favorably against 24 state-of-the-art methods in terms of precision, recall, and F-measure on three public standard salient object detection databases.
Integrated optical signal processing with magnetostatic waves (1984)

Magneto-optical devices based on Bragg diffraction of light by magnetostatic waves (MSW's) offer the potential of large time-bandwidth optical signal processing at microwave frequencies of 1 to 20 GHz and higher. A thin-film integrated-optical configuration, with the interacting MSW and guided-optical wave both propagating in a common ferrite layer, is necessary to avoid shape-factor demagnetization effects. The underlying theory of the MSW-optical interaction is outlined, including the development of expressions for optical diffraction efficiency as a function of MSW power and other relevant parameters. Bradd diffraction of guided-optical waves by transversely-propagating magnetostatic waves and collinear TE/TM mode conversion included by MSW's have been demonstrated in yttrium iron garnet (YIG) thin films. Diffraction levels as large as 4% (7 mm interaction length) and a modulation dynamic range of approx 30 dB have been observed. Advantages of these MSW-based devices over the analogous acousto-optical devices include: much greater operating frequencies, tunability of the MSW dispersion relation by varying either the RF frequency or the applied bias magnetic field, simple broad-band MSW transducer structures (e.g., a single stripline), and the potential for very high diffraction efficiencies.
Directionally emitting plasmon lasers with multiplexing and electrical modulation (2011)

We demonstrated the first directionally emitting deep sub-wavelength plasmon laser. The plasmon laser naturally integrates photonic and electronic functionality allowing both efficient electrical modulation and wavelength multiplexing.