gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Automatic generation of ModelSim-Matlab interface for RTL debugging and verification (2007)

We present a system Verilog/C code creation and compilation system that creates a ModelSim-Matlab shared memory interface optimized for the input/output specification of the user Verilog or VHDL. We describe how our interface approach is an improvement over the commercially available Mathworks Link for ModelSim, which requires the user to complete Verilog or VHDL data type conversion using slow m-files and to write interrupt-driven callback functions. Our interface approach frees the user from data type conversion and has the user write sequential test scripts but also takes advantage of a delayed-simulation execution technique to reduce simulation time. We demonstrate the utility of our interface approach by comparing a test script for a pipeline FFT processor to the corresponding Link for ModelSim version.
The POLAR Framework: Polar Opposites Enable Interpretability of Pre-Trained Word Embeddings (2020)

We introduce ‘POLAR’ — a framework that adds interpretability to pre-trained word embeddings via the adoption of semantic differentials. Semantic differentials are a psychometric construct for measuring the semantics of a word by analysing its position on a scale between two polar opposites (e.g., cold – hot, soft – hard). The core idea of our approach is to transform existing, pre-trained word embeddings via semantic differentials to a new “polar” space with interpretable dimensions defined by such polar opposites. Our framework also allows for selecting the most discriminative dimensions from a set of polar dimensions provided by an oracle, i.e., an external source. We demonstrate the effectiveness of our framework by deploying it to various downstream tasks, in which our interpretable word embeddings achieve a performance that is comparable to the original word embeddings. We also show that the interpretable dimensions selected by our framework align with human judgement. Together, these results demonstrate that interpretability can be added to word embeddings without compromising performance. Our work is relevant for researchers and engineers interested in interpreting pre-trained word embeddings.
A CDM-like damage mechanism for multiple power domains fabricated with Deep N-well processes (2017)

In this paper, a mechanism of CDM (Charged-Device Model) - like damage is observed across separated power domain interfaces fabricated with DNW (Deep N-well) processes. This mechanism is modeled and validated by test patterns in a 40nm logic process and by SPICE simulation. The damage mechanism is found to be unlike the traditional CDM and can be observed in wafer form, which means that such damage should be generated during the chip fabrication process. Prevention of damage is proposed and verified.
Power distribution modelling of high performance first level computer packages (2002)

A methodology for obtaining a model of the power distribution of a computer package is presented. This model is suitable for determining the noise and aiding in the design of a computer package. The physical features of a typical first-level multi-layered computer package is shown. Semiconductor chips and decoupling capacitors are placed on the top surface of the package and the module is connected to a board or card for communication with other components of the computer. A schematic of the final inductance model of a multi-layered ceramic single chip module used in computer products is shown.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Programmed cell removal by calreticulin in tissue homeostasis and cancer (2018)

Macrophage-mediated programmed cell removal (PrCR) is a process essential for the clearance of unwanted (damaged, dysfunctional, aged, or harmful) cells. The detection and recognition of appropriate target cells by macrophages is a critical step for successful PrCR, but its molecular mechanisms have not been delineated. Here using the models of tissue turnover, cancer immunosurveillance, and hematopoietic stem cells, we show that unwanted cells such as aging neutrophils and living cancer cells are susceptible to "labeling" by secreted calreticulin (CRT) from macrophages, enabling their clearance through PrCR. Importantly, we identified asialoglycans on the target cells to which CRT binds to regulate PrCR, and the availability of such CRT-binding sites on cancer cells correlated with the prognosis of patients in various malignancies. Our study reveals a general mechanism of target cell recognition by macrophages, which is the key for the removal of unwanted cells by PrCR in physiological and pathophysiological processes.
Sodium oxybate for the treatment of fibromyalgia (2011)

Insomnia, fatigue and pain are important clinical FM symptoms that showed moderate improvements with SXB in several large, well-designed clinical trials. Because of the limited efficacy of currently available FM drugs additional treatment options are needed. In particular, drugs like SXB - which belong to a different drug class than other Food and Drug Administration (FDA)-approved FM medications such as pregabalin, duloxetine and milnacipran - would provide a much-needed addition to presently available treatment options. However, the FDA has set the bar high for future SXB re-submissions, with requirements of superior efficacy and improved risk mitigation strategies. At this time, no future FDA submission of SXB for the fibromyalgia indication is planned.
<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mml:mi>DX</mml:mi></mml:math>-center formation in wurtzite and zinc-blende<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mml:mrow><mml:msub><mml:mrow><mml:mi mathvariant="normal">Al</mml:mi></mml:mrow><mml:mrow><mml:mi>x</mml:mi></mml:mrow></mml:msub></mml:mrow><mml:mrow><mml:msub><mml:mrow><mml:mi mathvariant="normal">Ga</mml:mi></mml:mrow><mml:mrow><mml:mn>1</mml:mn><mml:mi>−</mml:mi><mml:mi>x</mml:mi></mml:mrow></mml:msub></mml:mrow><mml:mi mathvariant="normal">N</mml:mi></mml:math> (1998)

The transition from shallow to deep centers as a function of pressure or alloying is investigated for oxygen and silicon donors in GaN and AlN, based on first-principles total-energy calculations. The stability of the localized deep state ($\mathrm{DX}$ center) is found to depend on interactions between the impurity and third-nearest-neighbor atoms, which occur in different positions in the zinc-blende and the wurtzite phase. $\mathrm{DX}$-center formation is suppressed in the zinc-blende phase, as well as for silicon donors. The results strengthen the identification of oxygen as the unintentional dopant in $n$-type GaN, and shed new light on the driving force for $\mathrm{DX}$ formation.
Organoboranes. 41. Reaction of organoboranes with (dichloromethyl)lithium. Scope and limitations. Synthesis of homologated primary and secondary alcohols (1985)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTOrganoboranes. 41. Reaction of organoboranes with (dichloromethyl)lithium. Scope and limitations. Synthesis of homologated primary and secondary alcoholsHerbert C. Brown, Toshiro Imai, P. Thirumali Perumal, and Bakthan SingaramCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1985, 50, 21, 4032–4036Publication Date (Print):October 1, 1985Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 October 1985https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo00221a014https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00221a014research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views568Altmetric-Citations23LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Dynamic switch logic &amp;#8212; A new concept for digital optical logic using DOES devices (1985)

A three terminal double heterostructure opto-electronic switch designated the LEDISTOR is described. The LEDISTOR is used together with the DOES to form a capacitively coupled optical logic gate which is dynamic in implementation of the inversion function. The dynamic logic gate and the use of optical interconnect are a potential solution to the problems facing VLSI circuit growth.
SUNBURN CELL: FACTORS INVOLVED IN ITS FORMATION. (1987)

Abstract— The sunburn cell (SC) is a type of individual cell death appearing in epidermis principally after exposure to middle‐wavelength UV radiation (UVR). Because SC s can easily be recognized by histologic characteristics, they may provide a countable index of assessment of the degree of UVR injuries. However, despite extensive investigations, the mode of formation of this UVR‐induced apoptosis has not fully been understood. In this review article, we are summarizing the results of recent studies with special reference to both the formation mechanisms and their implications in the field of photobiology.
A Prototyping Platform for Multi-Frequency GNSS Receivers (2003)

The future satellite positioning/navigation systems (i.e. GPS and Galileo) will provide civil signals on multiple frequencies, similar to those currently available for military purposes only. This paper presents a direct RF sampling front end design well suited for multiple frequency satellite navigation receiver design. No frequency downconversion is necessary; rather the particular frequency bands of interest are intentionally aliased using a wide band analog-to-digital converter (ADC). The resulting samples are passed to the memory space of a host PC for storage, and are saved to disk for eventual processing of the multiple frequency transmissions. The present paper describes the design of the front-end, validates its concept with collected data, and discusses the variations on the design of a generic multiple frequency GPS front end. Methods for processing the data obtained by the front end design are also presented.
Vocell: A 65-nm Speech-Triggered Wake-Up SoC for 10-$\mu$ W Keyword Spotting and Speaker Verification (2020)

The use of speech-triggered wake-up interfaces has grown significantly in the last few years for use in ubiquitous and mobile devices. Since these interfaces must always be active, power consumption is one of their primary design metrics. This article presents a complete mixed-signal system-on-chip, capable of directly interfacing to an analog microphone and performing keyword spotting (KWS) and speaker verification (SV), without any need for further external accesses. Through the use of: 1) an integrated single-chip digital-friendly design; b) hardware-aware algorithmic optimization; and c) memoryand power-optimized accelerators, ultra-low power is achieved while maintaining high accuracy for speech recognition tasks. The 65-nm implementation achieves 18.3-μW worst case power consumption or 10.6-μW power for typical real-time scenarios, 10× below state of the art (SoA).
A prototype semi-automated system for measuring air infiltration in buildings using sulfur hexafluoride as a tracer (1976)

A system is described which automatically operates a small gas chromatograph and mea- sures parts per billion concentrations of sulfur hexafluoride (SF ) in air.It samples air on a 10-minute cycle and records the response on a strip chart recorder.When SF, is dis- tributed in the air of a building, data is obtained from which air infiltration rates may be determined.
Colloidal magnetic nanocrystals: synthesis, properties and applications (2007)

There has been a tremendous research effort in the past few years in colloidal magnetic nanocrystals. New synthetic methods have been developed that enable a wide variety of magnetic materials to be synthesized in nanocrystal form, including ferromagnetic transition metals, intermetallics and metal oxides. These nanocrystals can be obtained with controlled size, shape and composition. Nanocrystal heterostructures, such as core/shell particles and heterodimers can be synthesized. New materials such as doped magnetic semiconductor quantum dots and nanowires have been made. The magnetic properties of these unique nanostructures have been measured and their applications in medicine, information storage and processing and sensing are being developed. This review attempts to provide a summary and a flavor for this exciting research area as it has evolved during the past few years.
Simple Building Reconstruction from Lidar Data and Aerial Imagery (2012)

This paper presents a method for simple regular building reconstruction from Lidar data and aerial images. The method includes three steps: the detection of building region from Lidar data, the extraction of building features and 3D reconstruction. In the first step, we extract initial building regions through the classification of Lidar data. In the second step, a laser point cluster is recognized as an isolated building object, and then the initial building positions are obtained with the method of tracing the outlines of points, the initial positions combine with the edges of the image to extract more reliable building' edges; In the third step, we use the edges of building and the elevation value of roof from Lidar data to reconstruct geometric model of building and display them.
Large-strain consolidation modeling of mine waste tailings (2013)

Sustainable management of mine waste tailings during operation, closure, and reclamation requires a clear understanding of modeling the large-strain consolidation behaviour of these loose and toxic slurries. A state-of-the-art was presented focusing on process phenomenology and coordinate systems for tailings dewatering thereby devising a simple constitutive equation with a small number of input parameters. A one-dimensional self-weight consolidation model for quiescent conditions was developed using the finite element method. Test data on oil sand fine tailings were used for model training and predictions were made for an upper bound and a lower bound of various tailings types using a 1 m high hypothetical column. Results indicated that hydraulic conductivity along with specific gravity dictated pore water pressure dissipation and effective stress development with respect to both time and depth. Likewise, volume compressibility and initial solids was found to govern the void ratio reduction and solids content increase with respect to both time and depth. The developed model requires a small numbers of input parameters and is capable of capturing the behaviour of a wide range of tailings. Depending on field conditions, the model can predict multiple filling conditions and various types of drainage systems in tailings containment facilities by incorporating appropriate boundary conditions.
Amounts and modulation of actin mRNAs in mouse oocytes and embryos (1989)

In order to measure the content of beta- and gamma-actin mRNA in mouse oocytes and ovulated eggs, Northern and slot blots were hybridized to complementary RNA probes transcribed from mouse isotype-specific cDNA sequences. The blots included samples of isotype-specific sense strand RNA standards prepared from the same cDNA sequences. Total actin mRNA content was estimated to be 40 fg per preovulatory full-grown oocyte or egg, consisting of one-third beta-actin mRNA and two-thirds gamma-actin mRNA. Ninety per cent of the actin mRNA is on polysomes in full-grown oocytes. The per cent of actin mRNA in polysomal mRNA is similar to the per cent of actin in newly synthesized proteins. Measurements on other developmental stages showed that, in mid-growth-phase oocytes, each actin mRNA reaches a level twofold higher than in full-grown oocytes. Thereafter, all modulations of the two isotypic mRNAs occur in parallel; that is, they are maintained at constant levels during the late growth phase (oocytes from females 8-14 days old); gradually degraded in oocytes that have completed their rapid growth phase (oocytes from females 15-18 days old), in maturing oocytes, and in 1- and 2-cell embryos; and deadenylated after about 7 h of progression into meiotic maturation.
UAV-Enabled Wireless Power Transfer: Trajectory Design and Energy Region Characterization (2017)

This paper studies a new unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV)-enabled wireless power transfer (WPT) system, where a UAV-mounted energy transmitter (ET) broadcasts wireless energy to charge distributed energy receivers (ERs) on the ground. In particular, we consider a basic two-user scenario, and investigate how the UAV can optimally exploit its mobility to maximize the amount of energy transferred to the two ERs during a given charging period. We characterize the achievable energy region of the two ERs, by optimizing the UAV's trajectory subject to a maximum speed constraint. We show that when the distance between the two ERs is smaller than a certain threshold, the boundary of the energy region is achieved when the UAV hovers above a fixed location between them for all time; while when their distance is larger than the threshold, to achieve the boundary of the energy region, the UAV in general needs to hover and fly between two different locations above the line connecting them. Numerical results show that the optimized UAV trajectory can significantly improve the WPT efficiency and fairness of the two ERs, especially when the UAV's maximum speed is large and/or the charging duration is long.
Roles of Hydrophobicity and Charge Distribution of Cationic Antimicrobial Peptides in Peptide-Membrane Interactions (2012)

Cationic antimicrobial peptides (CAPs) occur as important innate immunity agents in many organisms, including humans, and offer a viable alternative to conventional antibiotics, as they physically disrupt the bacterial membranes, leading to membrane lysis and eventually cell death. In this work, we studied the biophysical and microbiological characteristics of designed CAPs varying in hydrophobicity levels and charge distributions by a variety of biophysical and biochemical approaches, including in-tandem atomic force microscopy, attenuated total reflection-FTIR, CD spectroscopy, and SDS-PAGE. Peptide structural properties were correlated with their membrane-disruptive abilities and antimicrobial activities. In bacterial lipid model membranes, a time-dependent increase in aggregated β-strand-type structure in CAPs with relatively high hydrophobicity (such as KKKKKKALFALWLAFLA-NH(2)) was essentially absent in CAPs with lower hydrophobicity (such as KKKKKKAAFAAWAAFAA-NH(2)). Redistribution of positive charges by placing three Lys residues at both termini while maintaining identical sequences minimized self-aggregation above the dimer level. Peptides containing four Leu residues were destructive to mammalian model membranes, whereas those with corresponding Ala residues were not. This finding was mirrored in hemolysis studies in human erythrocytes, where Ala-only peptides displayed virtually no hemolysis up to 320 μM, but the four-Leu peptides induced 40-80% hemolysis at the same concentration range. All peptides studied displayed strong antimicrobial activity against Pseudomonas aeruginosa (minimum inhibitory concentrations of 4-32 μM). The overall findings suggest optimum routes to balancing peptide hydrophobicity and charge distribution that allow efficient penetration and disruption of the bacterial membranes without damage to mammalian (host) membranes.
Battery Management Systems—Challenges and Some Solutions (2020)

Electric vehicles are set to be the dominant form of transportation in the near future and Lithium-based rechargeable battery packs have been widely adopted in them. Battery packs need to be constantly monitored and managed in order to maintain the safety, efficiency and reliability of the overall electric vehicle system. A battery management system consists of a battery fuel gauge, optimal charging algorithm, and cell/thermal balancing circuitry. It uses three non-invasive measurements from the battery, voltage, current and temperature, in order to estimate crucial states and parameters of the battery system, such as battery impedance, battery capacity, state of charge, state of health, power fade, and remaining useful life. These estimates are important for the proper functioning of optimal charging algorithms, charge and thermal balancing strategies, and battery safety mechanisms. Approach to robust battery management consists of accurate characterization, robust estimation of battery states and parameters, and optimal battery control strategies. This paper describes some recent approaches developed by the authors towards developing a robust battery management system.
A prospective, randomized, multicenter acceptability and safety study of direct buprenorphine/naloxone induction in heroin‐dependent individuals (2011)

Direct buprenorphine/naloxone induction was a safe and effective strategy for maintenance treatment of opioid dependence. Response to high-dose direct buprenorphine/naloxone induction appears to be similar to indirect buprenorphine-to-buprenorphine/naloxone induction and was not associated with reports of intravenous buprenorphine/naloxone misuse.
Estimation of the Distance Change between Cysteine-457 and the Nucleotide Binding Site When Sodium Pump Changes Conformation from E<sub>1</sub> to E<sub>2</sub> by Fluorescence Energy Transfer Measurements (1996)

The first indication of the size of a conformational change implicated in ion transport by sodium pump has been obtained by measuring the change in efficiency of fluorescence energy transfer between two specific locations on the alpha-subunit. The donor (5'-(iodoacetamido)fluorescein) attaches covalently to cysteine-457, and the acceptor (2'(or 3')-O-(trinitrophenyl)adenosine 5'-triphosphate) binds reversibly to the active site. The acceptor binds nearly 2 orders of magnitude tighter to the Na+ than to the K+ conformation of the enzyme and quenches donor fluorescence more efficiently in the Na+ than in the K+ conformation. The estimated distance between donor and acceptor, assuming random orientation of their emission and absorption dipoles, increases 2.9 +/- 0.6 A when the enzyme changes from the Na+ to the K+ conformation. Stopped-flow measurements of the change in fluorescence energy transfer efficiency with time when the doubly-labeled pump is mixed with Na+ or K+ demonstrate that the donor/acceptor pair reports the change between the E1 and E2 conformations of unphosphorylated enzyme. The observed first-order rate constant for the change in energy transfer efficiency depends sigmoidally on [K+] and inversely on [Na+], and both rate and amplitude data for the change in energy transfer efficiency can be fit with the same values of the rate and ion-dissociation constants as published data for the conformational change between E1 and E2 obtained by singly labeling the enzyme with fluorophores that report changes in protein microenvironment. The prerequisite for successfully measuring the distance change and equating the protein rearrangement with a step in the catalysis-transport cycle is that the donor by itself does not report the conformational change.