gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Ultrasonic density sensor for liquids (2002)

This paper presents a new ultrasonic density sensor for liquids. It unifies high accuracy with high durability and is suitable for a wide range of tube diameters. The sensor comprises a transducer consisting of a piezoceramic disk mounted between two reference rods of quartz glass. Additionally, a second transducer is used as a sound receiver. The density is obtained from the reflection coefficient of ultrasound at the interface between the quartz glass rod and the liquid, and the transit time of sound between this interface and the second transducer. Parameters like a high long term stability and accuracy of /spl plusmn/0.2% were achieved by an internal acoustic reference measurement and a high signal-to-noise ratio. The latter was gained by using the sound radiated from the rear side of the piezoceramic disk as the reference. Advantages of the new sensor are discussed and experimental results are given. Applications of the sensor comprise concentration measurement and ultrasonic mass flow measurement.
Manufacturing and Test of a 35 kV/90 MVA Saturated Iron-Core Type Superconductive Fault Current Limiter for Live-Grid Operation (2009)

We developed a saturated iron-core type 35 kV/90 MVA superconductive fault current limiter and installed the device in a transmission network at Puji substation of China Southern Power Grid for live-grid operation. Innovative design in the iron-core configuration ensures that the device has low impedance in normal power transmission and sufficiently high impedance for a fault current limiting action. A magnetization control circuit allows the iron-core to be saturated or de-saturated depending upon the functional requirements. An energy release and voltage-surge protection unit can promptly discharge the magnetic energy accumulated in the iron-core and suppress the induced and surge voltages of the dc circuit in a current limiting event. This device has been designed to reduce the magnitude of a fault current by about 50%, which will prevent the breaking capacity of the existing circuit breakers in the transmission network from being exceeded in the predictable future. This article presents structural and functional specifications and reports up-to-date live-grid operation data of the device.
Determination of reduced scattering and absorption coefficients by a single charge-coupled-device array measurement, part I: comparison between experiments and simulations (1995)

A precise method to determine the absorption and reduced scattering coefficients of turbid media from the spatial distribution of light has been developed. It allows <i>in vitro</i> local measurements on samples, and needs only one measurement performed by a linear CCD detector. The intensity profile of the scattered light is characterized by the maximum of the intensity and the full width at half maximum. These parameters have been related theoretically to the absorption and reduced scattering coefficients. The theoretical approach is based on Monte Carlo simulations, which are used to predict the intensity profile at the output surface. The boundary reflections and the source and detector characteristics have been taken into account. For a thickness lower than 6 transport mean free paths, significant differences have been found depending on whether a Mie or a Henyey-Greenstein phase function (with the same anisotropic factor) is used. This is of help in the determination of the validity range of the similarity relations. Very good agreement (error typically less than 5%, maximal 15%) has been found between simulations and experiments performed on microsphere suspensions.
Novel Adjuvant Based on the Pore-Forming Protein Sticholysin II Encapsulated into Liposomes Effectively Enhances the Antigen-Specific CTL-Mediated Immune Response (2017)

Vaccine strategies to enhance CD8<sup>+</sup> CTL responses remain a current challenge because they should overcome the plasmatic and endosomal membranes for favoring exogenous Ag access to the cytosol of APCs. As a way to avoid this hurdle, sticholysin (St) II, a pore-forming protein from the Caribbean Sea anemone <i>Stichodactyla helianthus</i>, was encapsulated with OVA into liposomes (Lp/OVA/StII) to assess their efficacy to induce a CTL response. OVA-specific CD8<sup>+</sup> T cells transferred to mice immunized with Lp/OVA/StII experienced a greater expansion than when the recipients were injected with the vesicles without St, mostly exhibiting a memory phenotype. Consequently, Lp/OVA/StII induced a more potent effector function, as shown by CTLs, in vivo assays. Furthermore, treatment of E.G7-OVA tumor-bearing mice with Lp/OVA/StII significantly reduced tumor growth being more noticeable in the preventive assay. The contribution of CD4<sup>+</sup> and CD8<sup>+</sup> T cells to CTL and antitumor activity, respectively, was elucidated. Interestingly, the irreversibly inactive variant of the StI mutant StI W111C, encapsulated with OVA into Lp, elicited a similar OVA-specific CTL response to that observed with Lp/OVA/StII or vesicles encapsulating recombinant StI or the reversibly inactive StI W111C dimer. These findings suggest the relative independence between StII pore-forming activity and its immunomodulatory properties. In addition, StII-induced in vitro maturation of dendritic cells might be supporting these properties. These results are the first evidence, to our knowledge, that StII, a pore-forming protein from a marine eukaryotic organism, encapsulated into Lp functions as an adjuvant to induce a robust specific CTL response.
An Alternative for Emergency Preemption of Traffic Lights (2006)

An electronic communication-and-control system has been developed as a prototype of advanced means of automatically modifying the switching of traffic lights to give priority to emergency vehicles. This system could be used alternatively or in addition to other emergency traffic-light-preemption systems, including a variety of systems now in use as well as two proposed systems described in Systems Would Preempt Traffic Lights for Emergency Vehicles (NPO-30573), NASA Tech Briefs, Vol. 28, No. 10 (October 2004), page 36. Unlike those prior systems that depend on detection of sounds and/or lights emitted by emergency vehicles, this system is not subject to severe range limitations. This system can be retrofitted into any pre-existing traffic-light-control system, without need to modify that system other than to make a minimal number of wire connections between the two systems. This system comprises several subsystems, including a transponder and interface circuitry on each emergency vehicle, a monitoring and control unit at each intersection equipped with traffic lights, and a wide-area two-way radio communication network that connects the emergency vehicles and intersection units. Computers in the various intersections and vehicle units run special-purpose software that implements the traffic- light-preemption scheme. The operations of the intersection and vehicle units are synchronized by use of Global Positioning System (GPS) timing signals. The transponder in each vehicle estimates its own position and velocity by use of GPS signals, deductive (dead) reckoning, data from the onboard diagnostic (OBD) computer of the vehicle, and/or triangulation of beacon signals. When the operator of an emergency vehicle turns on its flashing lights and sirens in response to a request for an emergency response, the transponder unit goes into action, reading the OBD data to determine speed and acceleration, and reading and gathering further navigational data as described above. The position, velocity, and acceleration data are combined with vehicle-identification data in a prescribed format, and the resulting set of data is transmitted to the intersections within communication range of the transponder.
Enzymological Characterization of the<i>Pasteurella multocida</i>Hyaluronic Acid Synthase (1996)

Hyaluronic acid (HA), a linear polysaccharide composed of alternating glucuronic acid and N-acetylglucosamine residues, is an essential molecule of higher vertebrates. The fowl cholera pathogen Pasteurella multocida Carter Type A also produces HA in the form of an extracellular capsule in order to evade host defenses. HA synthase activity could be obtained from cell-free membrane preparations of P. multocida. The enzyme utilized UDP-sugar precursors of HA in the presence of Mg2+ or Mn2+ at neutral pH. Mn2+ at 1 mM stimulated approximately 2-fold more incorporation than Mg2+ at 10 mM. On the other hand, the analogous enzyme from group A Streptococcus, HasA, is stimulated more by Mg2+ than Mn2+. The apparent Michaelis constants, K(M), of the P. multocida HA synthase for UDP-N-acetylglucosamine and UDP-glucuronic acid were estimated to be approximately 75 and approximately 20 microM, respectively, in the presence of Mg2+, which suggests that the substrates are bound with 2-3-fold higher affinity than by the HasA enzyme. The rate enhancement observed with Mn2+ is apparently not due to better binding of the sugar nucleotide precursors complexed to Mn ion because the K(M) value, a measure of substrate affinity, increases by 25-50% in comparison to Mg2+. In summary, the HA synthase from P. multocida, a Gram-negative bacterium, has kinetic optima distinct from those of HasA, the analog from the Gram-positive group A Streptococcus.
Prism coupling to on-chip silicon based bragg cladding waveguide (2004)

We developed a silicon based asymmetric Bragg cladding waveguide, which is composed of high index contrast Si and Si3N4 clad layers and has omnidirectional reflectivity. Prism coupling was used to demonstrate the guiding mechanism by Bragg reflection. The effective index of the propagation mode was measured directly. The measured effective mode index is less than either the Si or Si3N4 cladding layers, which is a clear demonstration of the Bragg waveguiding principle. Low loss of the Si Bragg cladding waveguide around 0.5dB∕cm for both TE and TM polarizations is achieved. Potential applications include high power transmission, low dispersion, thin cladding thickness, and nonlinear properties engineering on silicon chip.
Tree-structured generation of orthogonal spreadingcodes with different lengths for forward link of DS-CDMA mobile radio (1997)

Tree-structured generation of orthogonal spreading codes with different lengths is presented for orthogonal multiplexing of forward-link code-channels of different data rates in direct sequence code division multiple access DS-CDMA mobile radio. The bit error rate performance under a multi-user environment suffering multipath Rayleigh fading is evaluated by computer simulation.
Learning crop regions for content-aware generation of thumbnail images (2011)

We propose a model for automatically cropping images based on a diverse set of content and spatial features. We approach this by extracting pixel-level features and aggregating them over possible crop regions. We then learn a regression model to predict the quality of the crop regions, via the degree to which they would overlaps with human-provided crops from these input features. Candidate images can then be cropped based an exhaustive sweep over candidate crop regions, where each region is scored and the highest-scoring region is retained. The system is unique in its ability to incorporate a variety of pixel-level importance cues when arriving at a final cropping recommendation. We test the system on a set of human-cropped images with a large set of features. We find that the system outperforms baseline approaches, particularly when the aspect ratio of the image is very different from the target thumbnail region.
The endocytic recycling compartment serves as a viral factory for hepatitis E virus (2022)

Although hepatitis E virus (HEV) is the major leading cause of enterically transmitted viral hepatitis worldwide, many gaps remain in the understanding of the HEV lifecycle. Notably, viral factories induced by HEV have not been documented yet, and it is currently unknown whether HEV infection leads to cellular membrane modeling as many positive-strand RNA viruses. HEV genome encodes the ORF1 replicase, the ORF2 capsid protein and the ORF3 protein involved in virion egress. Previously, we demonstrated that HEV produces different ORF2 isoforms including the virion-associated ORF2i form. Here, we generated monoclonal antibodies that specifically recognize the ORF2i form and antibodies that recognize the different ORF2 isoforms. One antibody, named P1H1 and targeting the ORF2i N-terminus, recognized delipidated HEV particles from cell culture and patient sera. Importantly, AlphaFold2 modeling demonstrated that the P1H1 epitope is exposed on HEV particles. Next, antibodies were used to probe viral factories in HEV-producing/infected cells. By confocal microscopy, we identified subcellular nugget-like structures enriched in ORF1, ORF2 and ORF3 proteins and viral RNA. Electron microscopy analyses revealed an unprecedented HEV-induced membrane network containing tubular and vesicular structures. We showed that these structures are dependent on ORF2i capsid protein assembly and ORF3 expression. An extensive colocalization study of viral proteins with subcellular markers, and silencing experiments demonstrated that these structures are derived from the endocytic recycling compartment (ERC) for which Rab11 is a central player. Hence, HEV hijacks the ERC and forms a membrane network of vesicular and tubular structures that might be the hallmark of HEV infection.
Evaluation of Scout Accelerated Motion Estimation and Reduction (SAMER) for measurement of brain volume and cortical thickness (2023)

Scout Accelerated Motion Estimation and Reduction (SAMER) is a novel technique that can mitigate motion artifacts in MR images. In this study, we compared the brain volume and cortical thickness measurements obtained from in vivo motion-free, motion corrupted, and motion corrected images acquired with SAMER to those from a motion-free standard MPRAGE reference scan. The quantitative analysis of motion-free and motion corrected SAMER images showed comparable results with motion-free standard MPRAGE.
<title>Continued advancements in the design of double clad fibers for use in high output fiber lasers and amplifiers</title> (2004)

Fiber lasers have a number of distinct advantages over their more conventional solid state laser alternatives. These advantages include size, reliability, wavelength selectivity, heat dissipation, wall plug efficiency and operational cost. Furthermore they can be operated without the need for active cooling or optical alignment. Consequently the market for these more traditional laser sources are beginning to be eroded by the emergence of fiber lasers. In 1999 high power fiber lasers became a reality, with the world's first single-mode fiber laser exhibiting in excess of 100W cw output. However it was soon recognized that conventional small core, high NA fiber designs were not appropriate to applications requiring further scaling of the output power. More specifically it was found that the maximum achievable output power in such fibers were restricted by a fundamental susceptibility to optical nonlinearities, including stimulated Raman scattering (SRS), stimulated Brillouin scattering (SBS) and self-phase modulation. In order to overcome the limitations imposed by these parasitic nonlinear processes, it has been necessary to develop fibers with high rare-earth dopant concentrations in relatively large core, low numerical aperture fibers. These so-called large mode area (LMA) fibers are directly responsible for the recent explosion in demonstrated diffraction-limited beam quality output powers, now approaching the kW-level from a single fiber. To further scale the output power it is necessary to combine the output of several fiber lasers. Indeed, for a number of industrial and military applications it is desirable to scale the total output power to between several and hundreds of kW's. It is therefore advantageous to be able to coherently combine the beams from multiple fibers and this it turns makes it desirable for the fiber to also be polarization maintaining. This provides yet another layer of complexity to the fiber design but such fibers are now a commercial reality. In this paper we review the recent and ongoing advantages in fiber design that is facilitating the development and production of lasers and amplifiers with ever increasing output powers.
Metal-enhanced fluorescence: Surface plasmons can radiate a fluorophore’s structured emission (2007)

In this letter, the authors report the observation of metal-enhanced structured fluorescence emission. Perylene in close proximity to silver island films (SiFs) enhances the structured fluorescence emission intensity. In this regard, an approximately two-fold higher perylene fluorescence intensity was observed from SiFs as compared to a glass control sample, containing no silver nanoparticles. The findings strongly suggest that surface plasmons can radiate a fluorophore’s vibrational structure. This observation is helpful in the authors’ understanding, not only for studying the interactions between plasmons and lumophores but also for their laboratories’ continued efforts to develop a unified plasmon-lumophore theory.
Macrocyclic Inhibitors of β-Secretase:  Functional Activity in an Animal Model. (2006)

A macrocyclic inhibitor of β-secretase was designed by\ncovalently cross-linking the P1 and P3 side chains of an isophthalamide-based inhibitor. Macrocyclization resulted in significantly improved\npotency and physical properties when compared to the initial lead\nstructures. More importantly, these macrocyclic inhibitors also displayed\nin vivo amyloid lowering when dosed in a murine model.
Lewis acid effects on selectivity in nickel-catalyzed pentenenitrile hydrocyanation. Triorganotin salts as tunable Lewis acid promoters (1989)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTLewis acid effects on selectivity in nickel-catalyzed pentenenitrile hydrocyanation. Triorganotin salts as tunable Lewis acid promotersRonald J. McKinney and William A. NugentCite this: Organometallics 1989, 8, 12, 2871–2875Publication Date (Print):December 1, 1989Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 December 1989https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/om00114a023https://doi.org/10.1021/om00114a023research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views661Altmetric-Citations25LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Solenoid Model for the Magnetic Flux Leakage Testing Based on the Molecular Current (2018)

Magnetic flux leakage (MFL) testing is a widely applied method for the ferromagnetic specimen defect detection. In this paper, we present a solenoid analytical model to MFL field based on the molecular current model of a magnetic medium. This model applies B-H characteristics of the material to confirm the homogeneous magnetization of the specimen and to obtain the magnetic moment of solenoids, and then it uses a semi-infinite solenoid as the source to simulate the leakage field. Furthermore, this model proves that the edge effect and defect geometry can be represented properly by setting ellipsoid defects at different positions in the specimen. The results of the proposed model are influenced not only by defect shape as that of the magnetic dipole model but also by the relationship between the magnetization and the normal direction of the defect surface, which leads to the more accurate reconstruction of defects. Based on these findings, the error from the assumption of homogeneous magnetic dipole distribution or magnetization can be explained by the solenoid interaction. This explanation provides a new way to eliminate the computation error, and the solenoid model shows higher computational efficiency compared with the numerical model.
An efficient management and automatic failover on a large-scale cluster monitoring system (2009)

In this paper, we propose method that an efficient technique for automatic configuration of large cluster monitoring system and automatic failover on failure commodity server nodes. Detecting failure nodes and making a complete failover for failure nodes leads to reduce cost of administering nodes and keep high availability of numerous commodity nodes. Making a group by subnet unit, there are one Group Master and many leaf nodes on a group. After Leaf nodes collect monitoring data and send them to Group Master. Group Master node saves monitoring data which is received by leaf nodes on DB server node. When there are some crashes on leaf nodes, the leaf node is deleted by Cluster Master. If crash occurs Group Master, Group Master node is deleted by Cluster Master and new Group Master is assigned among leaf nodes which are active state by Cluster Master. According to automatic failover for failure nodes, we can keep high availability on large-scale cluster systems.
Plant oils thymol and eugenol affect cattle and swine waste emissions differently (2004)

Wastes generated from the production of cattle and swine in confined facilities create the potential for surface and groundwater pollution, emission of greenhouse gases, transmission of pathogens to food and water sources, and odor. It is our hypothesis that something which inhibits microbial fermentation in livestock wastes will be beneficial to solving some of the environmental problems. Our work has concentrated on the use of antimicrobial plant oils, thymol, thyme oil, carvacrol, eugenol and clove oil. Anaerobic one-litre flasks with a working volume of 0.5 L cattle or swine manure were used to evaluate the effect of thymol and eugenol on production of fermentation gas, short-chain volatile fatty acids, lactate, and bacterial populations. Either oil at 0.2% in both wastes essentially stopped all production of gas and volatile fatty acids, and eliminated all fecal coliform bacteria. In cattle but not swine waste, thymol prevented the accumulation of lactate. However, eugenol stimulated lactate formation in cattle and swine wastes. Thus, eugenol may offer a distinct advantage over thymol, because lactate accumulation in the wastes causes the pH to drop more rapidly, further inhibiting microbial activity and nutrient emissions. We conclude that plant oils may offer solutions to controlling various environmental problems associated with livestock wastes, assuming that they are cost-effective.
A Concept for a Novel Type of Mitral Valve Prosthesis (2023)

Background: Hearth valve prostheses for the mitral position need a counterpoint for the fixation of the cusps, as do methods for mitral valve reconstructions. The varying distance between the cusps and the possible fixation zone in the atrial wall complicates the selection of the right artificial cord length. At the 35th EACTS meeting a concept of adding a stirrup to an annuloplasty ring was presented using it as a well-defined fixation bar for the cords during mitral valve repair. Here, we propose a concept for a mitral valve prosthesis that can be sutured in a preexisting annuloplasty ring.