gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Monolithic silica capillary columns having immobilized lectins and surface bound polar functionalities for lectin affinity and normal phase nano‐LC and CEC of glycoconjugates, respectively (2009)

In this report, monolithic silica-based capillary columns were produced by the sol-gel process and subsequently silanized with gamma-glycidoxypropyltrimethoxysilane to form on the surface of the monolith a reactive gamma-glycidoxypropylsilyl sublayer to which an interactive top layer can be covalently attached. The interactive top layer consisted of either an immobilized lectin or polar cyano functions to perform lectin affinity chromatography (LAC) of glycoproteins or normal phase chromatography (NPC) of glycans, respectively. Two lectins were immobilized, namely Con A and wheat germ agglutinin (WGA) due to their utility in LAC of a wide range of glycoconjugates. On the other hand, 1H-imidazole-4,5-dicarbonitrile was covalently attached to the silica monolith to yield polar silica monolith referred to as 2CN-OH monolith. The two lectin monolithic columns were evaluated in Nano-LC with standard glycoproteins over a wide range of conditions and proved useful in capturing the glycoforms bearing the pertinent saccharidic motifs for interaction with the given lectin. The 2CN-OH monolithic columns were effective in the profiling of glycans derived from glycoproteins in both NP-CEC and NP-Nano-LC with NP-CEC offering enhanced separation when compared to NP-Nano-LC.
Iron‐Catalyzed CO Cross‐Couplings of Phenols with Aryl Iodides (2007)

Low-price coupling: A versatile, practical, and cost-efficient iron-catalyzed O-arylation protocol is applied to the synthesis of a variety of diaryl ethers, which are formed in high yields. Best results were obtained by using FeCl3 and a β-diketo ligand. Supporting information for this article is available on the WWW under http://www.wiley-vch.de/contents/jc_2002/2008/z704018_s.pdf or from the author. Please note: The publisher is not responsible for the content or functionality of any supporting information supplied by the authors. Any queries (other than missing content) should be directed to the corresponding author for the article.
Pancreatic-specific autoantibodies to glycoprotein 2 mirror disease location and behaviour in younger patients with Crohn’s disease (2012)

Anti-GP2 IgG and IgA, constituting novel CD specific autoantibodies, appear to be associated with distinct disease phenotypes identifying patients at a younger age, with ileocolonic location, and stricturing behaviour with perianal disease.
Hospital–Physician Affiliations and Patient Treatments, Expenditures, and Outcomes (2004)

The limited effect of hospital-physician affiliations on patient outcomes is consistent with previous research showing that affiliations have not much changed the nature of health care delivery. However, the finding that the integrated salary model is associated with higher treatment intensity suggests that affiliations may have had some impact on patients, and could have more in the future.
Dual-Band Slim Microstrip Patch Antennas (2018)

This paper presents a planar dual-band slim microstrip patch antennas. The antenna comprises four sections: patch and shorting, centered, and offset pins with the overall size of 30 × 50 mm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> . It is shown that the centered and offset pins help to improve antenna matching while providing efficient radiation performance. With the aid of shorting pins, lower band operation at 1900 MHz is achieved. Moreover, the higher frequency band is expanded from 3480 to 3570 MHz. Simulations show that at the lower band frequencies, the antenna gain and efficiency are 1.0 dBi and 28%, respectively. On the other hand, at the upper frequency band, the antenna maximum gain is 2.4 dBi, and the efficiency of at least 25% is observed. The numerical simulation shows that the number of resonant frequencies is directly related to the patch width. In order to validate the simulation results, a prototype of the proposed antenna is fabricated and measured. Good agreement has been achieved between the simulation and measurement results.
MicroRNA-1/206 Targets c-Met and Inhibits Rhabdomyosarcoma Development (2009)

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are endogenous short (approximately 22) nucleotide RNAs that regulate gene function by modification of target mRNAs. miRNA-1 (miR-1) and miRNA-206 (miR-206) are highly expressed in skeletal muscle. Due to the tissue-specific nature of miR-1/206 for skeletal muscles, we investigated the role of miR-1/206 in the development of rhabdomyosarcoma. Initially, we demonstrated that miR-1/206 expression was suppressed in rhabdomyosarcomas and found at very low levels in a rhabdomyosarcoma RD cell line. Transient transfection of miR-1/206 into cultured RD cells led to a significant decrease in cell growth and migration. Using bioinformatics, we identified two putative miR-1/206 binding sites within the 3'-untranslated region of the human c-Met mRNA. miR-1/206 was then shown to have activity on mRNA expression by targeting the c-Met 3'-untranslated region. The expression of c-Met protein was shown to be down-regulated by subsequent Western blot analysis. Conversely, up-regulation of c-Met was confirmed in tissue samples of human rhabdomyosarcoma, with its level inversely correlated with miR-1/206 expression. In vivo, miR-1/206-expressing tumor cells showed growth delay in comparison with negative control. Our results demonstrated that miR-1/206 suppressed c-Met expression in rhabdomyosarcoma and could function as a potent tumor suppressor in c-Met-overexpressing tumors. Inhibition of miR-1/206 function could contribute to aberrant cell proliferation and migration, leading to rhabdomyosarcoma development.
AI-Powered Text Generation for Harmonious Human-Machine Interaction: Current State and Future Directions (2019)

In the last two decades, the landscape of text generation has undergone tremendous changes and is being reshaped by the success of deep learning. New technologies for text generation ranging from template-based methods to neural network-based methods emerged. Meanwhile, the research objectives have also changed from generating smooth and coherent sentences to infusing personalized traits to enrich the diversification of newly generated content. With the rapid development of text generation solutions, one comprehensive survey is urgent to summarize the achievements and track the state of the arts. In this survey paper, we present the general systematical framework, illustrate the widely utilized models and summarize the classic applications of text generation.
IDEAS PREVIAS, UN CONSTRUCTO INDISPENSABLE EN EL DISEÑO DE SITUACIONES DE AULA: UN EJEMPLO EN CIENCIAS (2007)

Actualmente se da una creciente importancia a los conocimientos previos de los estudiantes cuando se proponen estrategias de enseñanza que se interesan por el aprendizaje, Carracosa, Pérez y Veldés (2006) señalan que diversas investigaciones han mostrado que las preconcepciones de los educandos conllevan a errores conceptuales en ciencias. Por ello, este trabajo se propone analizar las ideas previas en estudiantes de grado décimo del Colegio Federico García Lorca IED (Bogotá, Colombia) en torno a los sistemas no inerciales y las seudo fuerzas.
Recording inter-storey drifts of structures in time-history approach for seismic design of building frames (2012)

The growing trend in the application of direct displacement-based or performancebased design, lays more emphasis on the precise prediction of design parameters such as the inter-storey drift controlling the performance level of the structure. Practising engineers employ different methods to record the inter-storey drifts in time-history approach mainly based on the maximum lateral deformation of the structure. In this study, a 15-storey concrete moment resisting building is designed using time-history analysis. Then reliability and accuracy of each method in predicting the maximum inter-storey drifts under the influence of three earthquake records, namely 1995 Kobe, 1994 Northridge and 1940 El Centro earthquakes, are investigated. Results clearly indicate that to choose the most critical drift to evaluate the performance level of structures, the absolute maximum drift over time should be calculated. Other methods based on the maximum storey deflection may result in unconservative design.
Widgets and composition mechanism for service creation by ordinary users (2012)

Significant research work has been conducted in software engineering to facilitate and speed up the process of service creation by experienced developers. Recently, however, service creation by ordinary users has attracted more and more attention as non-technical people have begun to play an active role in service life cycles, especially in a Web 2.0 context. In addition, service creation by ordinary users tackles the heterogeneity, the dynamicity, and the spontaneous nature of users needs. We show that current technologies are mainly inspired by previous approaches and architectures conceived for experienced developers, which means that they are not really adequate for service creation by ordinary users. This article proposes a novel service creation environment for ordinary users. It is made up of a new Widget abstraction layer that exposes the graphical user interface of services as reusable components, and relies on a two-step mechanism to compose these services at runtime. A proof of concept prototype has been built. The new abstraction layer offers interfaces that are much more user friendly than the current service creation tools. It also enables the different capabilities of a service to be seamlessly handled throughout its usage lifecycle.
Regulation of Msx genes by a Bmp gradient is essential for neural crest specification (2003)

There is evidence in Xenopus and zebrafish embryos that the neural crest/neural folds are specified at the border of the neural plate by a precise threshold concentration of a Bmp gradient. In order to understand the molecular mechanism by which a gradient of Bmp is able to specify the neural crest, we analyzed how the expression of Bmp targets, the Msx genes, is regulated and the role that Msx genes has in neural crest specification. As Msx genes are directly downstream of Bmp, we analyzed Msx gene expression after experimental modification in the level of Bmp activity by grafting a bead soaked with noggin into Xenopus embryos, by expressing in the ectoderm a dominant-negative Bmp4 or Bmp receptor in Xenopus and zebrafish embryos, and also through Bmp pathway component mutants in the zebrafish. All the results show that a reduction in the level of Bmp activity leads to an increase in the expression of Msx genes in the neural plate border. Interestingly, by reaching different levels of Bmp activity in animal cap ectoderm, we show that a specific concentration of Bmp induces msx1 expression to a level similar to that required to induce neural crest. Our results indicate that an intermediate level of Bmp activity specifies the expression of Msx genes in the neural fold region. In addition, we have analyzed the role that msx1 plays on neural crest specification. As msx1 has a role in dorsoventral pattering, we have carried out conditional gain- and loss-of-function experiments using different msx1 constructs fused to a glucocorticoid receptor element to avoid an early effect of this factor. We show that msx1 expression is able to induce all other early neural crest markers tested (snail, slug, foxd3) at the time of neural crest specification. Furthermore, the expression of a dominant negative of Msx genes leads to the inhibition of all the neural crest markers analyzed. It has been previously shown that snail is one of the earliest genes acting in the neural crest genetic cascade. In order to study the hierarchical relationship between msx1 and snail/slug we performed several rescue experiments using dominant negatives for these genes. The rescuing activity by snail and slug on neural crest development of the msx1 dominant negative, together with the inability of msx1 to rescue the dominant negatives of slug and snail strongly argue that msx1 is upstream of snail and slug in the genetic cascade that specifies the neural crest in the ectoderm. We propose a model where a gradient of Bmp activity specifies the expression of Msx genes in the neural folds, and that this expression is essential for the early specification of the neural crest.
Multiple Mating Types of <i>Mycobacterium smegmatis</i> (1976)

Multiple mating systems were found in the strains of Mycobacterium smegmatis. Nineteen wild type strains were classified into five different groups according to their mating behavior. All crosses between substrains derived from the same wild type strain or between substrains belonging to the same group were infertile, while eight different intergroup crosses were fertile. It was suggested that in most of the fertile crosses, chromosome transfer was unidirectional. Genes controlling matings were resistant to curing by acridine dye, sodium dodecyl sulfate and higher temperature suggesting that they were chromosomal genes. However, the location of these genes could not be demonstrated because none of the chromosomal markers tested was found to be linked to these mating genes.
Video coding with spatio-temporal texture synthesis and edge-based inpainting (2008)

This paper proposes a video coding scheme, in which textural and structural regions are selectively removed in the encoder, and restored in the decoder by spatio-temporal texture synthesis and edge-based inpainting. In the proposed scheme, two types of regions are classified based on two motion models: local motion and global motion. In local motion regions, conventional block-based motion estimation is employed for region removal and spatio-temporal texture synthesis is applied for recovery of the removed regions. In global motion regions, edge-based image inpainting is utilized to recover removed regions, and sprite generation is used as an auxiliary tool to keep temporal consistency. In the proposed scheme, both structures and textures are handled and some kinds of assistant information which can guide restoration are extracted and coded. This approach is blockbased and thus is flexible and generic to be implemented into standard-compliant video coding schemes. It has been implemented into H.264/AVC and achieves up to 35% bitrate saving at similar visual quality levels compared with H.264/AVC without our approach.
A 28.5–32-GHz Fast Settling Multichannel PLL Synthesizer for 60-GHz WPAN Radio (2008)

A 28.5-32-GHz fast settling multichannel frequency synthesizer is implemented in 0.25-mum SiGe : C BiCMOS process technology for 60-GHz wireless personal area network (WPAN) applications. The phase-locked loop (PLL) synthesizes carrier frequencies between 28.5-32 GHz in step of 500 MHz, and settles in approximately 327 ns. The proposed PLL can be employed as a frequency source providing eight channels of frequency hopping carriers for 60-GHz WPAN radio. To generate eight channels of carriers, an integer- <i xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">N</i> PLL with 125-MHz reference frequency is implemented, and a programmable divider with all differential current-steering circuits is designed. The programmable divider reliably provides divide ratios of 114-128 at 15 GHz. To achieve eight channels of carriers at a challenging frequency of 30 GHz, a push-push voltage-controlled oscillator is employed using a Wilkinson power combiner. The PLL consumes 115 mA at 2.5 V and achieves phase noise of -81 dBc/Hz at 1-MHz offset measured from 32-GHz push-push carrier.
Research on Levitation Coupled with Standing Wave Levitation and Electromagnetic Levitation (2013)

In order to solve the problem caused by metal materials' inability to be cooled without contact with other materials after being heated by electromagnetic levitation, a new method is proposed: using a standing wave levitator to levitate the melted metal. The standing wave levitator adopts a concave spherical surface on the emitter and the reflector. Using ANSYS software, the transducer and the standing wave fields were simulated. Based on the simulation, the distribution and the maximum acoustic pressure with different radii of the concave spherical surface on the emitter and the reflector can be obtained, from which the optimal radius was determined. Based on the optimisation, a prototype of a standing wave levitation device was designed and manufactured. Levitation experiments for light and heavy specimens were carried out. It is shown that steel balls can be levitated stably when the distance between the emitter and the reflector is two times that of the wavelength. Next, the standing wave levitator was used in an attempt to levitate a steel ball of 5 mm in diameter after being non-contact heated by electromagnetic levitation. The results show that the method utilising a standing wave levitator to levitate and cool the metal materials after being non-contact heated by the electromagnetic levitation is feasible at this preliminary state.
Unsupervised query segmentation using generative language models and wikipedia (2008)

In this paper, we propose a novel unsupervised approach to query segmentation, an important task in Web search. We use a generative query model to recover a query's underlying concepts that compose its original segmented form. The model's parameters are estimated using an expectation-maximization (EM) algorithm, optimizing the minimum description length objective function on a partial corpus that is specific to the query. To augment this unsupervised learning, we incorporate evidence from Wikipedia.
Filter characteristics of DBR amplifier with index and gain coupling (1991)

DBR filters with a gain grating are examined for the first time. Simple formulas are derived for the peak reflection and good approximations for the 3 dB bandwidth are given. The results show that the performance of the filter can be significantly improved by introducing gain coupling.
Pulsed Laser Deposition of High-Quality (K,Na)NbO<sub>3</sub> Thin Films on SrTiO<sub>3</sub> Substrate Using High-Density Ceramic Targets (2004)

High-quality (K,Na)NbO 3 thin films were successfully deposited on a (100) SrTiO 3 (STO) substrate by pulsed laser deposition. High-density KNbO 3 (KN), (K 0.5 Na 0.5 )NbO 3 (KNN) and NaNbO 3 (NN) ceramic targets were prepared by spark plasma sintering (SPS). The crystallographic analyses of the film were performed by conventional X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis and rocking curve measurement. The XRD reciprocal space map was also measured to determine the lattice constants of the film and analyze the crystallographic relationship between the grown film and the STO substrate. The fluctuation change in the orientation of crystals in the grown film decreased and the smoothness of the film surface improved with increasing sodium content of the film. For the NN films, the full width at half maximum (FWHM) of the rocking curve was as small as 0.12°. The XRD reciprocal space map measurements showed that the lattices of the KN and KNN films relaxed on the STO substrate but the NN film was restricted to it.
Fluorine diffusion on a polysilicon grain boundary network in relation to boron penetration from P/sup +/ gates (1992)

The combined effect of boron penetration and fluorine transport from P/sup +/ polycrystalline gates on flat-band voltage is studied. The SIMS concentration depth profiles elucidate the effect of annealing temperature on the fluorine transport, which in turn affects the boron penetration induced change in flat-band voltage. The fluorine diffusion in the poly gate is dominated by grain boundary diffusion. The identification of this mechanism is supported by SIMS profiles and a simulation based on a new methodology of network diffusion.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Review of component erosion in electric launcher technology (1995)

Component erosion in electric launcher technology (electromagnetic, electrothermal and electrothermal-chemical) plays a major role, which determines the launcher's bore lifetime, launch velocity and operational limits. Erosion studies have been conducted on the electrothermal launcher SIRENS, which simulates expected operational conditions of high heat flux deposition in electric launchers. Various material surfaces have been exposed to SIRENS plasma to test their performance, erosion behavior and lifetime. Tested materials are pure metals, alloys, refractory materials, specially-coated materials, insulators and composites, pure and composite graphites. Results showed that coating reduced erosion. Tungsten-based alloys have no observable erosion. Vapor shield phenomena have been characterized for different materials, and the energy transmission factor through the vapor shielding layer is obtained.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Change management for very large software systems (2003)

The INFUSE change-management facility's methodology is briefly explained and its use of a hierarchy of experimental databases for controlling and coordinating changes is described. The authors then present the algorithm which INFUSE uses to automatically build and maintain this hierarchy. Some results of the application of INFUSE are given; one presented hierarchy is similar to one independently identified by a human expert.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Comparison of MDCT and MRI for Evaluating the Intraductal Component of Breast Cancer (2006)

Compared with MDCT, MRI revealed the presence of the intraductal component with higher sensitivity and equivalent specificity. In cases with ductal extension, MRI is more precise than MDCT for determination of the margin for surgical removal, with less underestimation of the extent of the intraductal component.
Reaction of 4-hydroxycoumarin derivatives with activated dimethyl sulphoxide (1989)

The Swern reaction of 3-alkyl-4-hydroxycoumarins affords in high yield α-chloro-α-alkyl-o-hydroxyacetophenone derivatives, resulting from the halogenodecarbonylation of the pyranone ring. On a model compound, other activators of DMSO (TFAA, P4O10, DCC, SO3–pyridine) gave mixtures of methylthiomethyl derivatives, accompanied by a dimeric product in the case of P4O10. The formation of the halogenated acetophenones and the dimeric product can be rationalized assuming the initial formation of a chromandionyl sulphonium salt, followed by nucleophilic displacement by the chloride counterion or by the unchanged 4-hydroxycoumarin. The resulting 3,3-disubstituted chromandiones are then hydrolytically decarboxylated during the aqueous work-up.
Radiofrequency ablation combined with liposomal quercetin to increase tumour destruction by modulation of heat shock protein production in a small animal model (2011)

Suppression of HSP production using adjuvant liposomal quercetin can increase apoptosis and improve RF ablation-induced tumour destruction. Further increases in tumour coagulation can be seen including an additional anti-tumour adjuvant agent such as liposomal doxorubicin.
Electrical and Reliability Investigation of Cu TSVs With Low-Temperature Cu/Sn and BCB Hybrid Bond Scheme (2012)

A wafer-level 3-D integration scheme using Cu through-silicon vias (TSVs) and fine-pitch Cu/Sn-BCB hybrid bonding was developed and investigated with electrical characterization and reliability assessment. The hybrid bonding could be achieved below 250 °C. Low Kelvin resistance and stable daisy chain resistance were achieved in 5- and 10- μm TSV test structures across the whole wafer. Without obvious deterioration in reliability test results, the integrated Cu TSV and hybrid bond scheme can be potentially designed for 3-D integration applications.