gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Clavision: Visual Automatic Piano Music Transcription (2015)

One important problem in Musical Information Retrieval is Automatic Music Transcription, which is an automated conversion process from played music to a symbolic notation such as sheet music. Since the accuracy of previous audio-based transcription systems is not satisfactory, we propose an innovative visual-based automatic music transcription system named claVision to perform piano music transcription. Instead of processing the music audio, the system performs the transcription only from the video performance captured by a camera mounted over the piano keyboard. claVision can be used as a transcription tool, but it also has other applications such as music education. The claVision software has a very high accuracy (over 95%) and a very low latency in real-time music transcription, even under different illumination conditions.
Mitochondrial DNA sequence analysis of four Alzheimer's and Parkinson's disease patients (1996)

The mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) sequence was determined on 3 patients with Alzheimer's disease (AD) exhibiting AD plus Parkinson's disease (PD) neuropathologic changes and one patient with PD. Patient mtDNA sequences were compared to the standard Cambridge sequence to identify base changes. In the first AD+PD patient, 2 of the 15 nucleotide substitutions may contribute to the neuropathology, a nucleotide pair (np) 4336 transition in the tRNA(Gln) gene found 7.4 times more frequently in patients than in controls, and a unique np 721 transition in the 12S rRNA gene which was not found in 70 other patients or 905 controls. In the second AD+PD patient, 27 nucleotide substitutions were detected, including an np 3397 transition in the ND1 gene which converts a conserved methionine to a valine. In the third AD+PD patient, 2 polymorphic base substitutions frequently found at increased frequency in Leber's hereditary optic neuropathy patients were observed, an np 4216 transition in ND1 and an np 13708 transition in the ND5 gene. For the PD patient, 2 novel variants were observed among 25 base substitutions, an np 1709 substitution in the 16S rRNA gene and an np 15851 missense mutation in the cytb gene. Further studies will be required to demonstrate a causal role for these base substitutions in neurodegenerative disease.
A Molecular Mechanism for Toll-IL-1 Receptor Domain-containing Adaptor Molecule-1-mediated IRF-3 Activation (2010)

The Toll-IL-1 receptor (TIR) domain-containing adaptor molecule-1 (TICAM-1, also called TRIF) is a signaling adaptor for TLR3 and TLR4 that activates the transcription factors IRF-3, NF-kappaB, and AP-1, leading to induction of type I interferon and cytokines. The N-terminal region of TICAM-1 participates in IRF-3 activation, although the C-terminal region is involved in NF-kappaB activation. However, the mechanism by which TICAM-1 is activated and transmits signals is largely unknown. In this study, we identified Leu(194) as a critical amino acid for TICAM-1-mediated IRF-3 activation. When Leu(194) was substituted with Ala, the mutant TICAM-1 failed to recruit the IRF-3 kinase TBK1, resulting in lack of IRF-3 phosphorylation, although TRAF3 and NAP1 appeared to be recruited. The N-terminal 176 amino acids of TICAM-1 (N-terminal domain (NTD)) form a protease-resistant structural domain. A TICAM-1 mutant lacking the N-terminal 180 amino acids showed greater interferon-beta promoter activation than wild-type TICAM-1. Furthermore, immunoprecipitation and protein-protein interaction analysis revealed that the NTD interacted with the N terminus of TICAM-1-TIR. These results suggest that the NTD folds into the TIR domain structure to maintain the naive conformation of TICAM-1. Upon stimulation of TLR3/4, TICAM-1 oligomerizes through the TIR domain and the C-terminal region, which may break the intramolecular association and induce a conformational change that allows TBK1 access to TICAM-1.
Cocrystal Structures of Primed Side-Extending α-Ketoamide Inhibitors Reveal Novel Calpain-Inhibitor Aromatic Interactions (2008)

Calpains are intracellular cysteine proteases that catalyze the cleavage of target proteins in response to Ca(2+) signaling. When Ca(2+) homeostasis is disrupted, calpain overactivation causes unregulated proteolysis, which can contribute to diseases such as postischemic injury and cataract formation. Potent calpain inhibitors exist, but of these many cross-react with other cysteine proteases and will need modification to specifically target calpain. Here, we present crystal structures of rat calpain 1 protease core (muI-II) bound to two alpha-ketoamide-based calpain inhibitors containing adenyl and piperazyl primed-side extensions. An unexpected aromatic-stacking interaction is observed between the primed-side adenine moiety and the Trp298 side chain. This interaction increased the potency of the inhibitor toward muI-II and heterodimeric m-calpain. Moreover, stacking orients the adenine such that it can be used as a scaffold for designing novel primed-side address regions, which could be incorporated into future inhibitors to enhance their calpain specificity.
Experimental Comparison of the Performance and Residual Capacity of CFFT and RC Bridge Columns Subjected to Blasts (2015)

The blast performance of concrete-filled fiber-reinforced polymer (FRP) tube (CFFT) bridge columns was studied through a two-phase study comprised of blast and residual axial capacity experiments. Two one-fifth-scale CFFT columns and two one-fifth-scale conventional RC columns having comparable flexural capacities were subjected to distinct levels of explosive loading, causing damage but not complete failure. The blast resilience of the damaged columns was quantified by measuring the residual axial capacity of each column. The damaged CFFT columns exhibited superior strength and ductility retention compared with the damaged RC columns. Additionally, the damaged CFFT columns demonstrated a more predictable axial compressive mode of failure because the exterior FRP tube resisted the shear crack initiation observed in the damaged RC columns.
<title>Bridge-type optoelectronic sample and hold circuit</title> (1991)

A novel bridge type optoelectric (OE) sample and hold circuit based upon current steering is proposed for the first time and is experimentally tested. Experimental comparison between this circuit and the conventional direct OE sample and hold circuit shows that the bridge type is clearly superior in performance to the direct OE circuit. When a high speed signal is sampled with high accuracy, the bridge type OE sample and hold circuit offers high charging capability, commanding signal isolation, and reduced time jitter, distinct advantages over electronic sample and hold circuits.
Large area lateral epitaxial overgrowth (LEO) of gallium nitride (GaN) thin films on silicon substrates and their characterization. Annual report, 1 March 1998--28 February 1999 (1999)

Gallium nitride films have been grown on 6H-SiC substrates employing a new form of selective lateral epitaxy, namely pendeo-epitaxy. This technique forces regrowth to start exclusively on sidewalls of GaN seed structures. Both discrete pendeo-epitaxial microstructures and coalesced single crystal layers of GaN have been achieved. Analysis by SEM and TEM are used to evaluate the morphology of the resulting GaN films. Process routes leading to GaN pendeo- epitaxial growth using silicon substrates have also been achieved and the preliminary results are discussed.
Electron Microscope Observation of Soft Materials Using Ionic Liquids (2015)

Ionic liquid, which is salt melted even at room temperature, can be observed by scanning electron microscopes without charging. This fact implies that ionic liquid can be utilized as a liquid material to put conductivity to insulating samples for their scanning electron microscope (SEM) observation. This method is, in particular, effective for SEM observation of the soft materials like biological materials and polymer materials. As ionic liquid can reach to any place even at lumpy or fluffy surfaces, charge up of the samples is completely suppressed. Furthermore, keeping wet condition prevents change in the sample shape under vacuum condition. Such the advantage raises the precision of SEM images of soft materials.
The frequency and clinical significance of intra-amniotic inflammation in women with preterm uterine contractility but without cervical change: do the diagnostic criteria for preterm labor need to be changed? (2012)

Intra-amniotic inflammation was present in 12% of patients with regular uterine contractions without cervical change, while culture-proven intra-amniotic infection was present in 3%. The presence of intra-amniotic inflammation was a significant risk factor for adverse neonatal outcomes. These observations question whether cervical changes should be required for the diagnosis of preterm labor, because patients without modifications in cervical status on admission or during a period of observation are at risk for adverse pregnancy outcomes.
New mutations, polymorphisms, and rare variants in theATM gene detected by a novel SSCP strategy (1999)

The gene for ataxia-telangiectasia, ATM, spans about 150 kb of genomic DNA. ATM mutations are found along the entire gene, with no evidence of a mutational hot spot. Using DNA as the starting material, we screened the ATM gene in 92 A-T patients, using an optimized single-strand conformation polymorphism (SSCP) technique that detected all previously known mutations in the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) segments being analyzed. To expedite screening, we sequentially loaded the SSCP gels with three different sets of PCR products that were pretested to avoid overlapping patterns. Many of the DNA changes we detected were intragenic polymorphisms. Of an expected 177 unknown mutations, we detected approximately 70%, mostly protein truncating mutations (that would have been detectable by protein truncation testing if RNA starting material had been available). Mutations have now been defined for every exon of the ATM gene. Herein, we present 35 new mutations and 34 new intragenic polymorphisms or rare variants within the ATM gene. This is the most comprehensive compilation of ATM polymorphisms assembled to date. Defining polymorphic sites as well as mutations in the ATM gene will be of great importance in designing automated methods for detecting mutations.
Transcriptional and Post-Transcriptional Control of <i>PHO8</i> Expression by <i>PHO</i> Regulatory Genes in <i>Saccharomyces cerevisiae</i> (1985)

A DNA fragment bearing the PHO8 gene, which encodes repressible alkaline phosphatase of Saccharomyces cerevisiae, was cloned. Northern hybridizations with the PHO8 DNA as probe indicated that the PHO8 transcript is 1.8 kilobases in length and is more abundant in cells grown in low-phosphate medium than in high-phosphate medium. The pho9 mutant, whose phenotype is defective in the activity of repressible alkaline phosphatase, produced as much of the PHO8 transcript as did the PHO9+ cells. Hence, the PHO9 product should act at the post-transcriptional level. The pho4 mutant could not derepress the PHO8 transcript, whereas the pho80 mutant could, irrespective of the amount of Pi in the medium, as has been suggested by genetic study.
Design, Fabrication and testing of quantum well thermoelectric generator (2006)

A prototype energy-harvesting thermoelectric generator (TEG) is being designed, fabricated and tested to provide power for wireless sensors used in health monitoring of Navy ship machinery. TEGs utilize the heat transfer between shipboard waste heat sources and the ambient air to generate electricity directly and without any moving parts. In order to satisfy the required small design volume of 16.4 cm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3</sup> , the innovative quantum well (QW) thin-film thermoelectric technology is being used that provides four times higher efficiency and a large reduction in the device volume over the SOTA bulk Bi <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> Te <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3</sub> thermoelectics. QWs are nanostructured multi-layer films. Condition based maintenance (CBM) of the ship machinery can be significantly improved by automating the process with the use of self-powered wireless sensors. TEGs can be used to replace batteries as electrical power sources and to eliminate power cables and data lines. The first complete QW TEG module was fabricated and tested and it generated electricity. However, the gold electrical contacts had high resistivity. The resistivity was reduced to negligible levels by the use of molybdenum contacts and the performance of this two-couple module was excellent. It is planned to test the entire prototype QW TEG device (consisting of the TEG module, housing, thermal insulation and heat sink) in a simulated thermal environment
[Diagnosis of the sex of bovine embryos using molecular biology]. (1990)

Thanks to a bovine genomic library enriched with Y chromosome-specific sequences, a probe specific to this chromosome of genera Bos and Bison and repeated on about 2,000 copies in the male genome was isolated. To be compatible with embryo transfer and/or freezing, sex determination has to be done on a 10-20 cell embryo biopsy from a day-7 bovine blastocyst. The in situ hybridization with biotinylated BC 1.2 probe and immunocytochemical revelation permitted the visualization of the hybridization signal on the nucleus of each cell. Because of the numerous steps required, this technique was difficult to apply routinely. For that reason we worked out the polymerase chain reaction technique. From the BC 1.2 sequence, we determined several oligonucleotide primers and probes with the aim of amplifying the Y chromosome-specific sequences. This technique, which is easy to perform and to automate, enabled us to obtain a strong male-specific hybridization signal on genomic DNA and embryo cells.
Tailoring the physicochemical properties of zeolite catalysts (2014)

Here we summarize our recent findings in the area of zeolite synthesis, focusing on pathways to control crystallization in the absence of organics, tailoring crystal habit with growth modifiers, and pioneering techniques in zeolite surface science to elucidate the mechanisms of growth.
Poly(<i>N</i>-isopropylacrylamide)-Based Semi-interpenetrating Polymer Networks for Tissue Engineering Applications. 1. Effects of Linear Poly(acrylic acid) Chains on Phase Behavior (2002)

Poly(N-isopropylacrylamide)-based [P(NIPAAm)-based] semi-interpenetrating polymer networks (semi-IPNs), consisting of P(NIPAAm)-based hydrogels and linear poly(acrylic acid) [P(AAc)] chains, were synthesized, and the effects of the P(AAc) chains on semi-IPN injectability and phase behavior were analyzed. In P(NIPAAm)- and P(NIPAAm-co-AAc)-based semi-IPN studies, numerous reaction conditions were varied, and the effects of these factors on semi-IPN injectability, transparency, phase transition, lower critical solution temperature (LCST), and volume change were examined. The P(AAc) chains did not significantly affect the LCST or volume change of the semi-IPNs, compared to control hydrogels. However, the P(AAc) chains affected the injectability, transparency, and phase transition of the matrices, and these effects were dependent on chain amount and molecular weight (MW) and on interactions between the P(AAc) chains and the solvent and/or copolymer chains in P(NIPAAm-co-AAc) hydrogels. These results can be used to design "tailored" P(NIPAAm)-based semi-IPNs that have the potential to serve as functional scaffolds in tissue engineering applications.
Design of near-field beam-splitting frequency selective surfaces for Fabry-Perot cavity antenna systems (2016)

The effect of frequency selective surface (FSS) augmentation on the radiation of a slot or patch antenna is investigated. A variety of FSS designs comprised of horizontal and vertical slots are analyzed and compared for two sources — slot or patch. Simulations and measurements are shown for select combinations that offer near-field beam-splitting capability.
Using contextual information to classify nuclei in histology images (2015)

Nucleus classification is a central task in digital pathology. Given a tissue image, our goal is to classify detected nuclei into different types, for example nuclei of tumor cells, stroma cells, or immune cells. State-of-the-art methods achieve this by extracting different types of features such as morphology, image intensities, and texture features in the nucleus regions. Such features are input to training and classification, e.g. using a support vector machine. In this paper, we introduce additional contextual information obtained from neighboring nuclei or texture in the surrounding tissue regions to improve nucleus classification. Three different methods are presented. These methods use conditional random fields (CRF), texture features computed in image patches centered at each nucleus, and a novel method based on the bag-of-word (BoW) model. The methods are evaluated on images of tumor-burdened tissue from H&E-stained and Ki-67-stained breast samples. The experimental results show that contextual information systematically improves classification accuracy. The proposed BoW-based method performs better than the CRF-based method, and requires less computation than the texture-feature-based method.
Modelling of road surface temperature from a geographical parameter database. Part 1: Statistical (2001)

Abstract The variation of road surface temperature across a road network is influenced regionally by meteorological parameters and locally by geographical parameters. A fast and reliable technique is described which allows the continuous collection of high resolution, geographical data including the sky‐view factor which is suitable for use in road climate modelling studies. Then, by use of regression analysis, the relative importance of five geographical parameters (altitude, topography, sky‐view factor, landuse and road construction) is assessed with respect to road surface temperature and atmospheric stability. Results show that sky‐view factors dominate surface temperatures at high atmospheric stability whereas altitude becomes increasingly important as stability decreases. Finally, a statistical road surface temperature model is discussed with the ability to explain up to 75% of the variation of residual road surface temperatures in the study area entirely by the interaction of geographical parameters. Copyright © 2001 Royal Meteorological Society
Monolithic Integration of Ion‐Selective Organic Electrochemical Transistors with Thin Film Transistors on Flexible Substrates (2018)

Abstract Organic electrochemical transistors (OECTs) are a promising class of devices for chemical and ionic sensing in aqueous media. Compared with conventional potentiometric techniques, OECT ion‐sensors exhibit low output impedance that aids their miniaturization and integration in multi‐sensor systems. However, in order to implement arrays of OECT sensors for multi‐analyte detection or spatial mapping of analytes, it is critical that the sensors be integrated with an addressing system that minimizes the number of signal lines leaving the sensor array. In this work, an integrated system comprising miniaturized ion‐selective OECTs (IS‐OECTs) that are addressed by a simple multiplexing circuit composed of indium gallium zinc oxide (IGZO) thin‐film transistors (TFTs) is reported. The resulting flexible sensor array accepts a set of voltage inputs that selects the currently active sensor, and the active sensor's measured ion concentration is outputted as a single voltage output. This simple readout circuit allows arrays of IS‐OECTs to be monitored with low‐cost electronic equipment, enabling their use in multi‐ion sensing and high‐resolution mapping of ion concentrations in fields ranging from biomedical research to environmental monitoring.
Synthesis and pharmacological evaluation of .gamma.-aminobutyric acid analogs. New ligand for GABAB sites (1987)

Baclofen (beta-p-chlorophenyl-GABA) is the only selective agonist for the bicuculline-insensitive GABAB receptor. We report the synthesis of new GABA analogues and baclofen analogues. In vitro, two compounds, 4-amino-3-benzo[b]furan-2-ylbutanoic acid (9g) and 4-amino-3-(5-methoxybenzo[b]furan-2-yl)butanoic acid (9h), showed an affinity for the GABAB receptor. The results obtained with racemic compounds of benzofuran structure, new for this series, and the surprising inactivity of compound 3a (4-amino-3-(4-hydroxyphenyl)butanoic acid) permit the proposal of an hypothesis for the structure-activity relationships with regard to GABAB receptor.
Automatic discrimination between safe and unsafe swallowing using a reputation-based classifier (2011)

Given its computational efficiency and high sensitivity, reputation-based classification of dual-axis accelerometry ought to be considered in future developments of a point-of-care swallow assessment where clinical informatics are desired.
A mutant allele of the <scp><i>flowering promoting factor 1</i></scp> gene at the tomato <scp><i>BRACHYTIC</i></scp> locus reduces plant height with high quality fruit (2022)

Reduced plant height due to shortened stems is beneficial for improving crop yield potential, better resilience to biotic/abiotic stresses, and rapid crop producer adoption of the agronomic and management practices. Breeding tomato plants with a reduced height, however, poses a particular challenge because this trait is often associated with a significant fruit size (weight) reduction. The tomato <i>BRACHYTIC (BR)</i> locus controls plant height. Genetic mapping and genome assembly revealed three <i>flowering promoting factor 1</i> (<i>FPF1</i>) genes located within the <i>BR</i> mapping interval, and a complete coding sequence deletion of the telomere proximal <i>FPF1</i> (<i>Solyc01g066980</i>) was found in the <i>br</i> allele but not in <i>BR</i>. The knock-out of <i>Solyc01g066980</i> in <i>BR</i> large-fruited fresh-market tomato reduced the height and fruit yield, but the ability to produce large size fruits was retained. However, concurrent yield evaluation of a pair of sister lines with or without the <i>br</i> allele revealed that artificial selection contributes to commercially acceptable yield potential in <i>br</i> tomatoes. A network analysis of gene-expression patterns across genotypes, tissues, and the gibberellic acid (GA) treatment revealed that member(s) of the <i>FPF1</i> family may play a role in the suppression of the GA biosynthesis in roots and provided a framework for identifying the responsible molecular signaling pathways in <i>br</i>-mediated phenotypic changes. Lastly, mutations of <i>br</i> homologs also resulted in reduced height. These results shed light on the genetic and physiological mechanisms by which the <i>br</i> allele alters tomato architecture.