gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Demonstration of a Tilted-Pulse-Front Pumped Plane-Parallel Slab\n Terahertz Source (2018)

A new type of tilted-pulse-front pumped terahertz (THz) source has been\ndemonstrated, which is based on a lithium niobate plane-parallel slab with an\nechelon structure on its input surface. Single-cycle pulses of 1 microjoule\nenergy and 0.30 THz central frequency have been generated with 0.05% efficiency\nfrom such a source. One order-of-magnitude increase in efficiency is expected\nby pumping a cryogenically cooled echelon of increased size and thickness with\na Ti:sapphire laser. The use of a plane-parallel nonlinear optical crystal slab\nenables straightforward scaling to high THz pulse energies and to produce a\nsymmetric THz beam with uniform pulse shape for good focusability and high\nfield strength.\n
STUDIES ON A NEW AMINO ACID ANTIBIOTIC, AMICLENOMYCIN (1974)

A new amino acid antibiotic, amiclenomycin is produced by Streptomyces lavendulae subsp. amiclenomycini OKAMI. The chemical structure of amiclenomycin is L-2-amino-4-(4'-amino-2', 5'-cyclohexadienyl)-butyric acid. The antibiotic inhibits growth of mycobacteria and this activity is reversed by biotin and desthiobiotin. α-Methyl-desthiobiotin is coproduced along with amiclenomycin.
Diamond Synthesis By Hollow Cathode Plasma Assisted Chemical Vapor Deposition (1988)

A method which combines thermal and plasma dissociation of a methane/hydrogen gas mixture for low pressure chemical vapor deposition of diamond is described. A hot, thin-walled, refractory metal cathode is used to generate a high-current, low-voltage discharge. The substrates are located on the anode and immersed in the plasma emanating from the cathode tip. No auxiliary substrate heating is employed. Polycrystalline diamond particles and films are obtained on silicon (100) and molybdenum substrates at growth rates of 1-3 μm/hour. Data on the effects on diamond growth of the various pro-cess parameters along with some operating characteristics of the hollow cathode are presented.
A SAR auto-focus technique based on azimuth scaling (2002)

This paper proposes a new approach for automatic estimation of the Doppler rate during the SAR image formation process. The new technique is based on the scaling property in the azimuth direction applied to chirp signals. The measurement of the scaling error between two processed images with low resolution is used to estimate the effective sensor velocity. The achieved results show superior performance when compared to traditional auto-focus techniques. For a standard ERS-1 image, the velocity estimation can be performed with an accuracy better than 0.5 m/s.
Comparison of control algorithms for a MEMS-based adaptive optics scanning laser ophthalmoscope (2009)

We compared four algorithms for controlling a MEMS deformable mirror of an adaptive optics (AO) scanning laser ophthalmoscope. Interferometer measurements of the static nonlinear response of the deformable mirror were used to form an equivalent linear model of the AO system so that the classic integrator plus wavefront reconstructor type controller can be implemented. The algorithms differ only in the design of the wavefront reconstructor. The comparisons were made for two eyes (two individuals) via a series of imaging sessions. All four controllers performed similarly according to estimated residual wavefront error not reflecting the actual image quality observed. A metric based on mean image intensity did consistently reflect the qualitative observations of retinal image quality. Based on this metric, the controller most effective for suppressing the least significant modes of the deformable mirror performed the best.
Provably Secure Cryptographic ABAC System to Enhance Reliability and Privacy Using Real-Time Token and Dynamic Policy (2018)

In this paper we address the problem of reliability and security in an open-access data sharing system. We propose a new framework, called cryptographic attribute-based access control (CABAC), in consistent with the standard ABAC model. Moreover, two new mechanisms, real-time Tokens and secure policy decision-making, are introduced for ensuring secure attribute authorization and verifiable policy decision-making. More important, we present a practical CABAC system to support adaptability and flexibility using dynamically chosen policy and real-time attribute acquisition. We prove that our CABAC system is provably secure in four aspects: the attribute Tokens are existentially unforgeable against chosen-time and chosen-attribute attacks, respectively; the secure policy is existentially unforgeable against chosen-object attack under eBDH assumption; and our entire system is semantically secure against chosen-plaintext attack with Token and policy queries under eGDHE assumption.
Polymorphic restriction endonuclease sites linked to the HLA-DR alpha gene: localization and use as genetic markers of insulin-dependent diabetes. (1985)

Polymorphic restriction endonuclease sites within the HLA-DR alpha gene have been defined, localized, and used as genetic markers in the analysis of susceptibility to insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM). Hybridization of Bgl II-digested human genomic DNA with a cDNA clone for the HLA-DR alpha chain (pDR alpha-1) has revealed three allelic restriction fragment lengths: 3.8 kilobase pairs (kb), 4.2 kb, and 4.5 kb. Hybridization of EcoRV-digested human genomic DNA with the same probe has revealed two allelic polymorphic restriction fragment lengths: 9.2 kb and 13.0 kb. By analysis of double digests of genomic DNA from individuals homozygous for each of the allelic variants, the polymorphic restriction sites were found to be clustered near the 3' end of the HLA-DR alpha gene. The observed correlations of DR alpha Bgl II restriction site variants with serologically determined DR specificities suggest linkage disequilibrium between the DR alpha and DR beta loci. The 3.8-kb fragment is correlated with the DR1 type (Pc = 4.4 X 10(-4)); and the 4.2-kb fragment, with a subset (B8,DR3) of the DR3 type (Pc = 5.1 X 10(-4)) and with the DR6 type. The segregation pattern of HLA-DR alpha polymorphic Bgl II restriction fragments was analyzed in six IDDM families. The observed association of IDDM with the Bgl II 4.2-kb DR alpha restriction variant is higher than with existing serological markers and supports the utility of this approach in elucidating IDDM inheritance.
IDENTIFICATION OF KIDNEYS SUBJECTED TO PRE-RETRIEVAL WARM ISCHEMIC INJURY DURING HYPOTHERMIC PERFUSION PRESERVATION (1998)

81 Low organ donation rates have generated interest in improved methods for ex vivo evaluation of the viability of cadaveric (CAD) kidneys retrieved under suboptimal circumstances. Historically, ex vivo physiologic evaluation of CAD renal allografts has been performed by measuring perfusion pressure and perfusate flow (PF) during hypothermic perfusion preservation (HPP). We previously described a method for continuous monitoring of glomerular filtration rate (GFR) during HPP in an animal model (Transplantation 62:1734, 1996). The purpose of the present study was to determine if monitoring GFR and PF during HPP distinguished kidneys subjected to pre-retrieval warm ischemic injury (WI) more reliably than PF alone. The left kidney was retrieved from 300g Lewis rats following in situ cold perfusion and cannulation of the renal artery, vein and ureter. WI was produced by 30 min. occlusion of the suprarenal aorta prior to in situ cold perfusion in 8 animals. 10 nonischemic kidneys were used as controls. Kidneys were placed in the HPP apparatus and perfused with modified (3.75% HES) Belzer's solution for 16 hours at 7°C and a pressure of 45-55mm Hg. GFR, PF and filtration fraction (FF=GFR/PF) were measured serially at 0,4,8 and 16 hours of HPP. Results are expressed in terms of the percent change of each parameter from values at initiation of HPP. Ischemic versus nonischemic cohorts were compared using a two-way analysis of variance. Results are summarized in the following table:TableIn contrast to PF and GFR alone, the evolution of FF during HPP distinguished kidneys subjected to pre-retrieval warm ischemic injury from controls in this model. The data provide a rationale for studies to determine if continuous monitoring of both GFR and PF during HPP will predict short- and long-term CAD renal allograft function more reliably than PF alone.
Evidence that 3′‐phosphorylated polyphosphoinositides are generated at the nuclear surface: use of immunostaining technique with monoclonal antibodies specific for PI 3,4‐P<sub>2</sub> (2000)

Phosphatidylinositol (PI) 3,4-P(2) is a phosphoinositide that has been shown to be important for signal transduction in growth factor stimulation. We have produced monoclonal antibodies specific for PI 3,4-P(2), which were able to detect PI 3,4-P(2) generated in 293T cells treated with H(2)O(2), or in MKN45/BD110 cells expressing activated PI 3-kinase in immunostaining. Prolonged treatment with 0.05% Tween 20 resulted in detection of staining not only at the plasma membrane, but also at the nuclear surface, indicating that 3'-phosphorylated phosphoinositides can be generated and function in the nucleus.
Separation techniques for carbon nanotubes (2008)

Single-walled carbon nanotubes have considerable potential as building blocks in future nanoscale electronics. The tubes exist in two modifications, metallic and semiconducting, which might be used in a range of electronic applications. One of the grand challenges is to separate metallic from semiconducting tubes in substantial quantities. In this respect, this article gives a brief overview over the separation techniques in this new field of nanotube research.
Compound common-path digital holographic microscope (2013)

Digital holographic microscopy provides 3D quantitative phase imaging that is suitable for high resolving investigations on reflective surfaces as well as for transmissive materials. An optical configuration for a digital holographic microscope and a method for digital holographic microscopy are presented. A cube beam splitter in the optical path, with a small angle between the optical axis and its central semi-reflecting layer, both split and combine a diverging spherical wavefront emerging from a microscope objective to give off-axis digital holograms. Since the object wave and the reference wave go the same way to the CCD camera, it is called common-path digital holographic microscopy. When a plane numerical reference wavefront is used for the reconstruction of the recorded digital hologram, the phase curvature introduced by the microscope objective together with the illuminating wave to the object wave can be physically compensated. A compound digital holographic microscope (with reflection mode and transmission mode) has been build up based on this unique feature. Results from surfaces structures on silicon wafer and micro-optics on fused silica demonstrate applications of this compound digital holographic microscope for technical inspection in material science.
Voice-transformation-based data augmentation for prosodic classification (2017)

In this work we explore data-augmentation techniques for the task of improving the performance of a supervised recurrent-neural-network classifier tasked with predicting prosodic-boundary and pitch-accent labels. The technique is based on applying voice transformations to the training data that modify the pitch baseline and range, as well as the vocal-tract and vocal-source characteristics of the speakers to generate further training examples. We demonstrate the validity of the approach by improving performance when the amount of base labeled examples is small (showing reductions in the range of 7%–12% for reduced-data conditions) as well as in terms of its generalization to speakers unseen in the training set (showing a relative reduction in the error rate of 8.74% and 4.75%, on the average, for boundaries and accent tasks respectively, in leave-one-speaker-out validation).
Stabilization of Amine-Containing CO<sub>2</sub> Adsorbents: Dramatic Effect of Water Vapor (2010)

CO(2) adsorption-desorption cycles and the corresponding mechanisms over amine supported CO(2) adsorbent (TRI-PE-MCM-41) under dry conditions and in the presence of moisture (20 degrees C as dew point).
Hydroxymethanesulfonic Acid as a Catalyst for Durable Press Finishing (1972)

Hydroxymethanesulfonic acid (HMS) is effective as a catalyst for durable-press finishing of cotton and polyester /cotton fabrics by pad-dry-cure, mild cure, and one-step dry-cure treatments. The catalyst is readily formed upon addition of sulfurous acid to pad baths containing free formaldehyde although it can be prepared separately. HMS is a strong acid and can be used in relatively small concentrations. The catalyst appears to be "self-limiting." It dissociates into volatile components during the curing treatment which makes afterwashing unnecessary to prevent changes in strength or wrinkle resistance. HMS catalysis of treatments with dimethylol methyl carbamate and formaldehyde crosslinking agents produced fabrics with high levels of durable-press properties. Mild-cure finishing at 100°C, and pad-dry-cure and one-step dry-cure finishing at 120-140°C were effective with this catalyst.
The Cards Aren't Alright: Detecting Counterfeit Gift Cards Using Encoding Jitter (2018)

Gift cards are an increasingly popular payment platform. Much like credit cards, gift cards rely on a magnetic stripe to encode account information. Unlike credit cards, however, the EMV standard is entirely infeasible for gift cards due to compatibility and cost. As such, much of the fraud that has plagued credit cards has started to move towards gift cards, resulting in billions of dollars of loss annually. In this paper, we present a system for detecting counterfeit magnetic stripe gift cards that does not require the original card to be measured at the time of manufacture. Our system relies on a phenomenon known as jitter, which is present on all ISO/IEC-standard magnetic stripe cards. Variances in bit length are induced by the card encoding hardware and are difficult and expensive to reduce. We verify this hypothesis with a high-resolution magneto-optical microscope, then build our detector using inexpensive, commodity card readers. We then partnered with Walmart to evaluate their gift cards and distinguished legitimate gift cards from our clones with up to 99.3% accuracy. Our results show that measurement and detection of jitter increases the difficulty for adversaries to produce undetectable counterfeits, thereby creating significant opportunity to reduce gift card fraud.
Wear compensating seals for high pressure rotary piston coal feeder. [Coal gasification] (1981)

The effect of pharmacological drugs indicated for specific diseases on the lower esophageal sphincter, was studied in 195 patients. Pentagastrin increased the sphincter tone, secretin when used in peptic ulcer, did not influence the tone. Unlike atropine, a therapeutic course with pirenzepine (gastrozepin) for patients with peptic ulcer did not lower the tone of the lower esophageal sphincter. Diazepam significantly decreased indices of the sphincter tone. In the treatment of CHD patients with corinfar, a calcium antagonist, the sphincter tone was on a moderate but statistically significant decrease. Aminophylline in patients with chronic bronchitis made no effect on this index. The ratio of the sphincter tone stimulated with metoclopramide to its basal values was higher in the patients with initially lowered indices as compared to the patients in whom the initial tone was within normal.
Dominant Glycoprotein Epitope of Four Corners Hantavirus is Conserved Across a Wide Geographical Area (1994)

A newly identified hantavirus, tentatively called Four Corners virus (FCV), was found to be the aetiological agent of a 1993 outbreak of hantavirus pulmonary syndrome (HPS) in the southwestern United States. Immunodominant epitopes of 43 and 31 amino acids were identified in the nucleocapsid protein and G1 glycoprotein, respectively. The G1 genes of different hantaviruses are highly divergent, suggesting that geographically diverse FCVs might fail to cross-react owing to antigenic drift. We now show that the immunodominant epitope of G1 is conserved among 18 FCVs from a broad geographical area, despite extensive nucleotide sequence heterogeneity. Antibodies from all 45 HPS patients, separated by more than 3000 km were shown to be reactive with the dominant G1 epitope. Evidence for limited cross-reactivity between the G1 antigen of a novel hantavirus of the cotton rat and that of FCV is presented.
Human THP-1 monocyte-macrophage membrane binding proteins and distinct receptor(s) for triglyceride-rich lipoproteins (1995)

An apolipoprotein (apo) E- and lipoprotein lipase-independent, high affinity, saturable and specific binding site and pathway for uptake of certain triglyceride-rich lipoproteins (TGRLP) by human monocyte-macrophages that leads to lipid accumulation and foam cell formation in vitro has been reported; two membrane binding activities were identified as receptor candidates with apparent molecular masses of 200 and 235 kDa [Gianturco et al. (1994) J. Lipid Res. 35, 1674-1687]. Here we present new evidence that these activities are TGRLP receptors with unique biochemical properties which distinguish them from other lipoprotein receptors. Protease and heparinase susceptibility studies demonstrate that (1) these activities have essential protein, but not heparan sulfate proteoglycan (HSPG) components; (2) the membrane binding proteins (MBPs) are located on the cell surface; (3) HSPGs do not facilitate TGRLP binding to this specific cellular site. Upon reduction, MBP 200 and 235 are both converted into a single, new binding activity of intermediate mobility (MBP 200R); all MBP forms displayed high affinity, saturable TGRLP binding with similar Kds (1.4-2.2 micrograms/mL). Notably, MBP 200R retained the combined ligand binding capacity of MBP 200 and 235 prior to reduction, demonstrating that, unlike members of the LDL receptor or the scavenger receptor families, disulfide bonds are not critical for activity. At 65 degrees C, MBP 235 was converted into MBP 200 without loss of total binding activity, suggesting heat dissociates a small subunit not required for binding from a common large protein subunit that binds TGRLP. Since the MBPs are found on the cell surface, are themselves functionally and structurally related, have distinctly different biochemical properties from members of the LDL receptor and scavenger receptor families, and share all critical characteristics with the cellular binding site, we hypothesize that they represent a new and unique receptor family for apoE- and lipoprotein lipase-independent uptake of TGRLP by human monocyte-macrophages.
Minimizing peak current via opposite-phase clock tree (2005)

Although a lot of research efforts have been made in the minimization of the total power consumption caused by the clock tree, no attention has been paid to the minimization of the peak current caused by the clock tree. In this paper, we propose an opposite-phase scheme for peak current reduction. Our basic idea is to divide the clock buffers at each level of the clock tree into two sets: an half of clock buffers operate at the same phase of the clock source, and another half of clock buffers operate at the opposite phase of the clock source. Consequently, our approach can reduce the peak current of the clock tree nearly 50%. Experimental data consistently show that our approach works well in practice.
SU‐E‐T‐165: Protocol for Simplified Radiochromic Film Dosimetry (2012)

We have demonstrated a simplified protocol to measure doses delivered by an IMRT treatment plan using only the patient film, one calibration film, one unexposed film, and applying a single scan to acquire a digital image for calculation and analysis. The simplification and time-savings provide a practical solution for using radiochromic film for routine IMRT QA without sacrificing spatial resolution for convenience. David Lewis, Andre Micke and Xiang Yu are all employed by Ashland Specialty Ingredients the manufacturer of GAFCHROMIC EBT3 radiochromic film that is the subject of the work presented in the Abstract.
Intracellular Expression of CTB in <i>Vibrio cholerae</i> Strains in Laboratory Culture Conditions (2023)

The introduction of the <i>toxT</i>-139F allele triggers the expression of TCP (toxin co-regulated pilus) and CT (cholera toxin) under simple laboratory culture conditions in most <i>Vibrio cholerae</i> strains. Such <i>V. cholerae</i> strains, especially strains that have been used in OCVs (oral cholera vaccines), can induce antibody responses against TCP in animal models. However, CT produced in these <i>V. cholerae</i> strains is secreted into the culture medium. In this study, <i>V. cholerae</i> strains that can express intracellular CTB under the control of the <i>toxT</i>-139F allele have been constructed for potential application in OCVs. First, we constructed a recombinant plasmid directly linking the <i>ctxAB</i> promoter to <i>ctxB</i> without <i>ctxA</i> and confirmed CTB expression from the plasmid in <i>V. cholerae</i> containing the <i>toxT</i>-139F allele. We constructed another recombinant plasmid to express NtrCTB, from which 14 internal amino acids-from the 7<sup>th</sup> to the 20<sup>th</sup> amino acid-of the leader peptide of CTB have been omitted, and we found that NtrCTB remained in the cells. Based on those results, we constructed <i>V. cholerae</i> strains in which chromosomal <i>ctxAB</i> is replaced by <i>ntrctxB</i> or <i>ntrctxB</i>-dimer. Both NtrCTB and NtrCTB-dimer remained in the bacterial cells, and 60% of the NtrCTB-dimer in the bacterial cells was maintained in a soluble form. To develop improved OCVs, these strains could be tested to see whether they induce immune responses against CTB in animal models.
Enhanced testing of domain specific applications by automatic extraction of axioms from functional specifications (2005)

Adequate testing is necessary and important to ensure reliability of software. Most test models are specification-based and fail to capture implicit domain specific properties. This paper presents a technique, which uses a HaskellDB specification of the software to extract domain specific properties and embed them into the test generation model. HaskellDB is an embedded domain specific functional and strongly typed language for database related applications. Specifying using HaskellDB ensures that a set of axioms based on type safeness of the database queries hold for the specification. The implementation of the application should also satisfy these properties and should be tested accordingly. We therefore propose a technique that extracts the axioms automatically from the HaskellDB specification and embeds additional test paths in the test model leading to an enriched test suite. We present an example application of the technique and compare the results against a manual testing technique.
Estimation of heading misalignment between a pedestrian and a wearable device (2014)

The wearable devices market has witnessed major technological advancements in recent years. These achievements have greatly increased their ability to be involved in applications such as location-based services (LBS), portable navigation, and guidance applications. In certain applications, providing a navigation solution based on inertial sensors stand-alone requires the user to keep the portable device in a specific orientation with respect to the user's body. It is unreasonable to assume that the device will remain in a fixed orientation all the time. In this paper, a technique is proposed to provide the heading misalignment angle between the wearable smart device and the pedestrian. Different test scenarios were conducted to assess the performance of the proposed technique including different use cases. The results show that the proposed technique is able to provide continuous and reliable consumer localization without any restrictions on the way the user holds or uses the device.