gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Group structure of Hadamard memories (2003)

The hookup of Hadamard memories is expressed in terms of the structure of a commutative group over the index set (1,2,. . .N), where N is the data bit length, assumed to be a power of 2. The group relations occur in the form of triads of indices. A quadratic memory, hooked up according to the triad group structure, turns out to be a Hadamard memory. The latter is an associative memory that has Hadamard vectors as stable states; the memory has perfect associative recall. For data bit lengths that are special powers of 2, the triads can be restricted to be shift invariant, and the memory hookup is then specified by a single integer, the seed. For those cases, a VLSI implementation is possible which places all dendrite lines in a single plane. The relation between the triad group and Hadamard vectors is mentioned. In the simplest continuum model of the Hadamard memory, the dynamics of the neural net is found to be invariant under the triad group.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
<i>In Vivo</i>ac Impedance Spectroscopy of Human Skin: Theory and Problems in Monitoring of Passive Percutaneous Drug Delivery (1999)

The use of impedance spectroscopy to evaluate transdermal drug delivery is discussed and new techniques and protocols are suggested to avoid or minimize potential problems. A novel multichannel impedance analyzer, exploiting the advantages of the "three-electrode" configuration, was employed to measure the effects of differing topically applied concentrations of the percutaneous local anesthetic amethocaine on the electrical properties of the treated skin sites. Each measured impedance spectrum was modeled by an equivalent circuit consisting of a resistor in series with the parallel combination of a pseudocapacitance and a resistor. Due to differences in skin sites and to the finite times taken to apply each electrode, it was difficult to satisfactorily compare and contrast the results obtained from adjacent skin sites. Normalization of data highlighted differences in relative impedance changes and aided the meaningful comparison of treated skin sites.
Polysilicon FET devices for large area input/output applications (1980)

The properties of FETs made in a polysilicon semiconductor are discussed both theoretically and experimentally. A two-dimensional solution for the potential in a polysilicon grain under the influence of a transverse field produced by the gate shows that the channel mobility can be described by an activation energy which depends on the gate voltage. Calculated drain currents based on parameters derived from Hall measurements are in good agreement with actual devices. In addition, circuits such as a latch with a liquid crystal driver are described.
Circulating fibrocytes are an indicator of severity and exacerbation in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (2014)

Rationale: Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is characterized by progressive airflow limitation that is associated with an enhanced inflammatory response in the airways and the lung. The remodeling process in COPD is greatly under the influence of growth factors. Lung fibroblasts in COPD demonstrated alterations in its functional capacity that is mediated by TGF-β1, therefore, could play a role in the pathogenesis of COPD. Fibrocytes are bone marrow derived cells that migrate to the injured sites and differentiate into fibroblast-like cells. Objectives: To test the hypothesis that assay of circulating fibrocytes may provide a biomarker for exacerbation and severity of COPD. Methods: Fibrocytes were defined by flow cytometry and quantified in fifty male patients with stable COPD and during exacerbation. We investigated the clinical and prognostic value of fibrocytes by comparison with standard clinical parameters. Thirteen healthy subjects were selected as control. Results: Fibrocytes were significantly elevated in stable COPD patients (n = 25), with a further increase during exacerbation (n = 25; P < 0.001 vs. control subjects n = 13). Correlation analysis between fibrocyte counts and mMRC score, 6-MWT, BODE index, arterial oxygen saturation, pre- and post-bronchodilator FEV1/FVC, FEV1, FVC and FEF25–75 showed a direct relationship in COPD patients. There was a direct correlation between fibrocytes with the mMRC score and the serum levels of TGF-β1 only in COPD patients in exacerbations (n = 25). Conclusions: Fibrocytes are an indicator of COPD exacerbation and might be useful as a clinical (bio) marker for disease progression.
[The mechanism of neuro-2a cell death induced by H2O2]. (2001)

Reactive oxygen species (ROS), such as H2O2, can be produced by enzymes involved in electron leakage of respiration chain in mitochondria, and by neurochemical enzymes such as monoamine oxidase in neural cells. ROS are toxic to cells, and can result in cell death. ROS also play an important role in some diseases, especially in neurodegenerative diseases by yet unknown mechanisms. In the current research, the N-2a neuroblastoma cell was treated with H2O2, and the morphological changes of cell death were characterized. Our results show that N-2a cell death is different from classical apoptosis, but belongs type II nerve cell programmed death, which shows condensed chromatin within intact nuclear envelope and no apoptotic body. The chromatin DNA of dead cells shows no internucleosomal cleavage, as well as no requirement for caspase-3, 1 activity. However, the H2O2-induced N-2a cell death can be inhibited by Bcl-XL. It can be concluded that type II nerve cell death is the result of cell toxicity mediated by ROS. The results pave the way for further research of type II nerve cell death.
Intelligent Automated Negotiation System in Business to Consumer E-Commerce (2021)

E-Commerce is one of the world's most fast-paced industries where the significant aspect of these industries is that they are lacking Customer-Retailer Interaction. Due to the conventional human psychology of bargaining, a product with a lower price is still popular, and some of the products in this sector lack this kind of bargaining, which would be a cause for some of the products. With the advancement of machine learning, automated and Intelligent Agent negotiating system has become a prominent tool in E-Commerce. This paper presents a negotiation technique for establishing a mutually acceptable agreement between the negotiation system which represents supplier and customers, built using Minimum Profit Algorithm designed as per seller requirements and trained on UCI machine learning repository's online retailer dataset using XG Boost regressor for intelligence. This system outperforms the traditional way of negotiation and the model was able to achieve an accuracy of 91.53 percent.
Genetic relationships among populations of wild resident, and wild and hatchery anadromous brook charr (1997)

To determine the genetic relationship of anadromous and resident life-history types within and among drainages, and compare several hatchery strains to their progenitor populations, brook charr Salvelinus fontinalis were examined for allozyme and mitochondrial DNA variation. Greater genetic similarity of sympatric anadromous and resident charr was found compared to similar life-history forms allopatrically, suggesting the two life-history types are not reproductively isolated. Low divergence among the mtDNA haplotypes suggests that the two life-history types are members of the same evolutionary lineage. Population differentiation from mtDNA data exceeded that from estimates based on allozymes. Genetic deviations from expectations suggest that the hatchery strains were derived from few individuals. 1997 The Fisheries Society of the British Isles
Proteomic Profiling of S-acylated Macrophage Proteins Identifies a Role for Palmitoylation in Mitochondrial Targeting of Phospholipid Scramblase 3 (2011)

S-Palmitoylation, the reversible post-translational acylation of specific cysteine residues with the fatty acid palmitate, promotes the membrane tethering and subcellular localization of proteins in several biological pathways. Although inhibiting palmitoylation holds promise as a means for manipulating protein targeting, advances in the field have been hampered by limited understanding of palmitoylation enzymology and consensus motifs. In order to define the complement of S-acylated proteins in the macrophage, we treated RAW 264.7 macrophage membranes with hydroxylamine to cleave acyl thioesters, followed by biotinylation of newly exposed sulfhydryls and streptavidin-agarose affinity chromatography. Among proteins identified by LC-MS/MS, S-acylation status was established by spectral counting to assess enrichment under hydroxylamine versus mock treatment conditions. Of 1183 proteins identified in four independent experiments, 80 proteins were significant for S-acylation at false discovery rate = 0.05, and 101 significant at false discovery rate = 0.10. Candidate S-acylproteins were identified from several functional categories, including membrane trafficking, signaling, transporters, and receptors. Among these were 29 proteins previously biochemically confirmed as palmitoylated, 45 previously reported as putative S-acylproteins in proteomic screens, 24 not previously associated with palmitoylation, and three presumed false-positives. Nearly half of the candidates were previously identified by us in macrophage detergent-resistant membranes, suggesting that palmitoylation promotes lipid raft-localization of proteins in the macrophage. Among the candidate novel S-acylproteins was phospholipid scramblase 3 (Plscr3), a protein that regulates apoptosis through remodeling the mitochondrial membrane. Palmitoylation of Plscr3 was confirmed through (3)H-palmitate labeling. Moreover, site-directed mutagenesis of a cluster of five cysteines (Cys159-161-163-164-166) abolished palmitoylation, caused Plscr3 mislocalization from mitochondrion to nucleus, and reduced macrophage apoptosis in response to etoposide, together suggesting a role for palmitoylation at this site for mitochondrial targeting and pro-apoptotic function of Plscr3. Taken together, we propose that manipulation of protein palmitoylation carries great potential for intervention in macrophage biology via reprogramming of protein localization.
Applying Response Surface Methodology to planar transformer winding design (2010)

Planar transformers provide a light-weight and low profile solution for power electronic converters with highly reproducible parameters. Their parasitic inductances, capacitances, and resistances are difficult to model due to the complex winding arrangement along with their nonlinear and multivariate nature. This paper provides a methodology for determining parametric models for the leakage inductance, inter and intra-winding capacitances, and resistance of planar transformers using a variety of winding arrangements. A Central Composite Design based on the Design of Experiment (DoE) methodology is employed to provide the parametric models using a small number of experimental runs. Results from physical experimentation on a planar ER18/3.2/10 core set are provided and show excellent correlation between modeled results and confirmation testing. The methodology can be employed to characterize and design planar transformers for specific applications (for example soft switching or resonant converters), and to predict their performance as part of different power electronics topologies.
A Novel Design of Radio Frequency Energy Relays on Power Transmission Lines (2016)

In this paper, we investigate the energy problem of monitoring sensors on high-voltage power transmission lines and propose a wireless charging scheme for a Radio Frequency IDentification (RFID) sensor tag to solve a commercial efficiency problem: the maintenance-caused power outage. Considering the environmental influences on power transmission lines, a self-powered wireless energy relay is designed to meet the energy requirement of the passive RFID sensor tag. The relay can obtain the electric field energy from the transmission lines and wirelessly power the RFID sensor tags around for longer operating distance. A prototype of the energy relay is built and tested on a 110 kv line. The measurement results show that the energy relay can provide stable energy even with the influences of wind, noise and power outage. To our knowledge, it is the first work to power the RFID sensor tags on power transmission lines.
An evaluation of peak and bubble tuning in sub-basalt seismology: modelling and results from OBS data (2003)

As part of the iSIMM project (White et al. 2002), a 6360 in3 airgun source array was used to acquire, in two passes, a deep seismic profile into a 480 km array of ocean bottom seismometers (OBS) east of the Faroe Islands. The first pass used peak tuning, and the second pass used bubble tuning, with other source parameters constant. The objective was to deliver low frequency energy for deep, long-offset, sub-basalt penetration. The results suggest that towing large guns deep is more important than the tuning method. However, for the gun configuration used, the bubble-tuned data are more compact, less reverberant and easier to pick.
An Integrated Study of Small-Angle X-ray Scattering and Dynamic Light Scattering on Cylindrical Micelles of Sodium Glycodeoxycholate (2004)

Small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) and dynamic light scattering (DLS) measurements were carried out on aqueous micellar solutions of the ionic biological detergent sodium glycodeoxycholate (NaGDC). Apparent diffusion coefficients (Dapp) and SAXS spectra of NaGDC 0.1 M solutions at different ionic strengths (0−0.4 M NaCl added) were reported. Moreover, a Dapp study as a function of NaGDC concentration c (20−60 mM) in the range 0−0.3 M NaCl was performed. A drastic change of the Dapp versus c slope indicates that as the electrolyte concentration is increased, the effect of the repulsive electric double layer is lowered, until a dominance of the van der Waals attraction effect is evidenced at the highest ionic strengths. A comparative analysis of SAXS spectra and Dapp data confirms this result. A uniform cylinder was used to model the micelle in the data interpretation. The effect of interactions on SAXS spectra was explored in terms of the decoupling approximation. Restricted to the NaCl concentrations where the Coulombic repulsions predominate, the method of Hayter and Penfold for a charged hard sphere system was used to compute the interparticle structure factor S(q). To compare SAXS and DLS data in the same range, a solution of hard cylinders with larger effective dimensions was also used to represent the micelle samples, thus allowing the determination of the hydrodynamic radii. By increasing the NaCl concentration from 0 to 0.2 M, an almost constant micellar diameter of 32−34 Å and a growing micellar length from 38 to 64 Å were obtained. At the same time, increasing hydrodynamic radii from 16 to 26 Å were estimated.
Optimization of InP–InGaAs HPT Gain: Design of an Opto-Microwave Monolithic Amplifier (2004)

We have designed an opto-microwave monolithic amplifier with emphasis on the definition of the opto-microwave power gain. First, we present physical simulations of an InP-InGaAs heterostructure phototransistor (HPT), which enable the structural analysis of the composition and behavior of the phototransistor. From these simulations and from both electrical and optical measurements, we next established a large-signal model, which adds photoelectric effect to an HBT model. Small-signal opto-microwave S-parameters of the HPT are first defined and then related to the small-signal opto-microwave power gain of the phototransistor. Relations are given to enable optimum loads on the base and collector ports to be found so that the opto-microwave gain can be optimized. An opto-microwave amplifier is then designed, realized, and measured with a setup based on the beating of two lasers.
Holographic Optical Disc (1999)

We report the implementation of a holographic optical disc for high-capacity, digital data storage application. The holographic disc utilizes the Bragg-selectivity of the volume hologram to achieve a storage density of 40 bits/μm2. The 12 cm disc is spun continuously at 600 r.p.m., and pixel-matched holographic data is readout from the disc in real-time.
A component- and message-based architectural style for GUI software (1996)

While a large fraction of application code is devoted to graphical user interface (GUI) functions, support for reuse in this domain has largely been confined to the creation of GUI toolkits ("widgets"). We present a novel architectural style directed at supporting larger grain reuse and flexible system composition. Moreover, the style supports design of distributed, concurrent applications. Asynchronous notification messages and asynchronous request messages are the sole basis for intercomponent communication. A key aspect of the style is that components are not built with any dependencies on what typically would be considered lower-level components, such as user interface toolkits. Indeed, all components are oblivious to the existence of any components to which notification messages are sent. While our focus has been on applications involving graphical user interfaces, the style has the potential for broader applicability. Several trial applications using the style are described.
INTRACAMERAL INJECTION OF DEXAMETHASONE VERSUS INTRAVITREAL INJECTION OF RANIBIZUMAB IN THE TREATMENT OF DIABETIC MACULAR EDEMA IN PATIENTS UNDERGOING CATARACT SURGERY (2022)

Diabetes mellitus (DM) comprises a group of disorders of carbohydrate and fat metabolism manifesting hyperglycemia. Diabetic retinopathy is a micro‌angiopathy resulting from the chronic effects of the disease, retinal vascular changes dominate the clinical manifestations of disease and are directly implicated in the macular edema and neovascularization that represent the principal causes of vision loss. cataract develops and progresses more frequently, rapidly, and at an earlier age in patients with diabetes. Diabetic ME seems to be the most common reason of poor visual outcomes in diabetic patients after cataract surgery. Anti-VEGF is the current first-line therapy for CI-DME. Steroids are a suitable treatment option for DME, due to their anti-inflammatory properties. Intracameral dexamethasone injection appears to be an effective and safe practice to be adopted in any diabetic patient undergoing cataract surgery. AIM OF THE WORK:The aim of the present study was to compare the effect of intracameral dexamethasone 0.4 mg/0.1 ml injection at the conclusion of cataract surgery extraction to diabetic patients with diabetic macular edema on the central macular thickness (calculated by preoperative and postoperative OCT) to the effect of intravitreal Ranibizumab injection at the conclusion of cataract extraction surgery to diabetic patients with diabetic macular edema on the central macular thickness (calculated by preoperative and postoperative OCT).
New magnet designs for MR (1991)

The evolution of MRI magnets is reviewed. New magnet developments are discussed with reference to improved performance, novel system features, and lower cost.
Carbon−Hydrogen Bond Oxidative Addition of Partially Fluorinated Aromatics to a Ni(P<sup><i>i</i></sup>Pr<sub>3</sub>)<sub>2</sub>Synthon: The Influence of Steric Bulk on the Thermodynamics and Kinetics of C−H Bond Activation (2010)

The reaction of (PiPr3)2NiCl2 with the anthracene adduct (THF)3Mg(η2-C14H10) in THF provides the anthracene adduct (PiPr3)2Ni(η2-C14H10). In aromatic solvents (benzene, toluene, mesitylene) a thermal equilibrium exists between the bis(phosphine)nickel(0) anthracene adduct, (PiPr3)2Ni(η2-C14H10), and the monophosphine solvent adduct, (PiPr3)Ni(η6-solvent). The reaction of (PiPr3)2Ni(η2-C14H10) with 1,2,4,5-C6F4H2 affords the C−H activation product trans-(PiPr3)2NiH(2,3,5,6-C6F4H). The thermodynamic C−F activation product is not obtained even after hours of heating at 100 °C. Similar reactions with 1,2,3,5-C6F4H2 and pentafluorobenzene produce the desired C−H activation products, trans-(PiPr3)2NiH(2,3,4,6-C6F4H) and trans-(PiPr3)2NiH(C6F5), respectively, in >95% yield. The reaction with 1,2,3,4-tetrafluorobenzene did not produce an observable C−H activation product. Unlike previously reported analogous C−H activation products with Ni(PEt3)2 synthons, the bulkier Ni(PiPr3)2 moiety did not provide observable mononuclear or dinuclear η2-fluoroarene adducts. Solutions of Ni(COD)2 with 2 equiv of triisopropylphosphine and 1,2,4,5-C6F4H2 reacted to give the 1,5-cyclooctadiene insertion and rearrangement product, (η3-C8H13)Ni(PiPr3)(2,3,5,6-C6F4H). The same reaction with 1,2,3,5- and 1,2,3,4-C6F4H2 afforded analogous compounds, which demonstrates that C−H bond activation is kinetically accessible at room temperature with 1,2,3,4-tetrafluorobenzene despite the presence of a single ortho-fluorine substituent adjacent to the site of activation. The room-temperature reactions of the C−H activation products (PiPr3)2NiH(ArF) (ArF = 2,3,5,6-C6F4H; C6F5) with 3-hexyne provided a mixture of the alkyne adduct (PiPr3)2Ni(η2-EtC≡CEt), with the liberation of ArFH, and the insertion product (PiPr3)2Ni(CEt═CHEt)(ArF), even in the presence of excess fluorinated aromatic ArFH. The reaction of (PiPr3)2Ni(η2-EtC≡CEt) with 1,2,4,5-C6F4H2 resulted in no reaction at room temperature, but heating at 50 °C provided the insertion product (PiPr3)2Ni(CEt═CHEt)(ArF) as the initial product, followed by the product of reductive elimination, 1,2,4,5-C6F4H-CEt═CHEt. In contrast, the reaction of (PEt3)2Ni(η2-EtC≡CEt) with 1,2,4,5-C6F4H2 at 80 °C slowly produced (PEt3)2Ni(CEt═CHEt)(2,3,5,6-C6F4H), but very little 1,2,4,5-C6F4H-CEt═CHEt.
Differential Adaptations of Methicillin-Resistant<i>Staphylococcus aureus</i>to Serial<i>In Vitro</i>Passage in Daptomycin: Evolution of Daptomycin Resistance and Role of Membrane Carotenoid Content and Fluidity (2012)

Previous studies showed serial 20 d in vitro passage of MRSA strain MW2 in sublethal daptomycin (DAP) resulted in diverse perturbations in both cell membrane (CM) and cell wall (CW) characteristics, including increased CM rigidity; increased CW thickness; "gain-in-function" single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the mprF locus (i.e., increased synthesis and translocation of lysyl-phosphatidylglycerol (L-PG)); progressive accumulation of SNPs in yyc and rpo locus genes; reduced carotenoid production; cross-resistance to innate host defense peptides. The current study was designed to characterize the reproducibility of these phenotypic and genotypic modifications following in vitro serial passages of the same parental strain. After a second 20d serial in vitro passage of parental MW2, emergence of DAP-R was associated with evolution of several phenotypes closely mirroring previous passage outcomes. However, in contrast to the initial serial passage strain set, we observed (i) only modest increase in L-PG synthesis and no increase in L-PG outer CM translocation; (ii) significantly increased carotenoid synthesis (P < 0.05); (iii) a different order of SNP accumulations (mprF ≫ rpoB ≫ yycG); (iv) a different cadre and locations of such SNPs. Thus, MRSA strains are not "pre-programmed" to phenotypically and/or genotypically adapt in an identical manner during induction of DAP resistance.
A novel structure of delta-strained quantum well for polarization insensitive semiconductor devices at 1.55 μm (2002)

This report gives the preliminary results of using a three monolayer GaAs layer in a lattice matched InGaAs quantum well. Referring to earlier work on thin strained layers, we choose to call this a delta-strained quantum well structure. One of the important advantages of this novel structure is the ease of MBE growth.
The evidence for clinical efficacy of rose hip and seed: a systematic review (2006)

Moderate evidence exists for the use of a powder of the seeds and husks of a Rosa canina subspecies in patients suffering from osteoarthritis.