gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Laser enhanced electroplating and maskless pattern generation (1979)

Maskless plating has been achieved through a new technique that utilizes a cw or pulsed laser, focused onto an electrode in an electroplating bath. In the region of optical absorption on the cathode, plating enhancement rates on the order of 103 occur for optical power densities on the order of 104 W/cm2. Laser scanning produces a plating pattern along the scanning path. A qualitative theory based on convective mass transport is used to explain the results.
Core Transform Design in the High Efficiency Video Coding (HEVC) Standard (2013)

This paper describes the core transforms specified for the high efficiency video coding (HEVC) standard. Core transform matrices of various sizes from 4 × 4 to 32 × 32 were designed as finite precision approximations to the discrete cosine transform (DCT). Also, special care was taken to allow implementation friendliness, including limited bit depth, preservation of symmetry properties, embedded structure and basis vectors having almost equal norm. The transform design has the following properties: 16 bit data representation before and after each transform stage (independent of the internal bit depth), 16 bit multipliers for all internal multiplications, no need for correction of different norms of basis vectors during quantization/de-quantization, all transform sizes above 4 × 4 can reuse arithmetic operations for smaller transform sizes, and implementations using either pure matrix multiplication or a combination of matrix multiplication and butterfly structures are possible. The transform design is friendly to parallel processing and can be efficiently implemented in software on SIMD processors and in hardware for high throughput processing.
Integrated Technology for Supercritical Biodiesel Production and Power Cogeneration (2008)

A supercritical (SC) fluid technology coupled with power cogeneration is proposed to produce biodiesel fuels without the conventional complex separation/purification steps. The core of the integrated system consists of the transesterification (TE) of various triglyceride sources (i.e., vegetable oils and animal fats) with SC methanol/ethanol. Part of the reaction products can be combusted by a diesel engine integrated in the system, which, in turn, provides the power needed to pressurize the system and the heat of the exhaust gases for the TE process. This article reports laboratory-scale investigations directed to system optimum performance (i.e., near complete conversion in short processing time) in connection with the effects of process operating conditions. TE experiments have been conducted at 100–300 bar, 250–425 °C, and 0.73–8.2 min residence time with soybean/sunflower oils as triglycerides and SC methanol/ethanol at ratios of alcohol to oil from 3 (stoichiometric) to 24. Special emphasis was on reactant phase transitions from liquid to SC states. These transitions were monitored with a high-pressure, high-temperature view cell connected to the reactor outlet for the continuous TE experiments and also serving as a batch reactor. Under selected parameters, near complete oil conversion to biodiesel has been achieved with the glycerol decomposition products included in the fuel. Commercial biodiesel production by this method estimated processing costs as low as $0.26/gal for a plant capacity of 5 million gal/year, significantly lower than the current processing costs of ∼$0.51/gal for biodiesel produced by conventional catalytic methods. The retail cost of biodiesel produced by the proposed method is likely to be competitive with diesel fuel prices.
Poly(phenylcarbyne): A Polymer Precursor to Diamond-Like Carbon (1993)

The synthesis of poly(phenylcarbyne), one of a class of carbon-based random network polymers, is reported. The network backbone of this polymer is composed of tetrahedrally hybridized carbon atoms, each bearing one phenyl substituent and linking, by means of three carbon-carbon single bonds, into a three-dimensional random network of fused rings. This atomic-level carbon network backbone confers unusual properties on the polymer, including facile thermal decomposition, which yields diamond or diamond-like carbon phases at atmospheric pressure.
Single-Pulse Nanoelectrospray Ionization (2002)

A new electrospray ionization (ESI) source that provides a means of generating single packets of ions for mass spectrometric analysis is presented. Sample solution held at a high potential is ejected from a glass capillary with a small dispensing aperture (20-microm i.d.) by constriction of a cylindrical piezoelectric element. Unlike conventional ESI sources that are continuous, this source dispenses fixed volumes of solution as small as 10 pL and provides detection sensitivity in the attomole range when coupled to an orthogonal time-of-flight mass spectrometer. In addition to picoliter-level control over the dispensed volume, the source permits control of the frequency with which ionization pulses are generated as well as the ability to start and stop the pulses without altering the applied solution potential. The source was characterized by analysis of both protein and DNA samples from a variety of different solution compositions. This source design should be compatible with virtually any ESI mass analyzer.
Enhancing low frequency operation of active-RC filters employing R-2R networks (2013)

Utilizing R-2R ladders in design of active-RC approach promotes IC implementation of low frequency filters and leads to high linear and low power design solution for biomedical applications. However, area of R-2R ladders limits low frequency operation of this approach to few tens of Hz. This range is sufficient for designing 60Hz powerline notch filter, but biomedical lowpass filers requires much lower pole frequencies. This paper investigates the use of other type of ladders (R-αR) in filter design. It shows that R-1R, R-0.5R and R-0.1R ladders provide better solution than the R-2R counterparts for designing low pass filters with ultra-low pole frequency. Simulation results are provided to support the presented theory.
Reaction of hexamethylphosphorous triamide with cotton cellulose (1972)

The reactivity of hexamethylphosphorus triamide, (P[N(CH3)2]3) (HPT), with cotton cellulose was examined under various conditions. HPT was found to react readily with the cellulose to produce a cellulose phosphite and/or phosphate ester having approximately one acidic hydrogen atom per phosphorus atom. The reaction of HPT with cotton cellulose was efficiently catalyzed by dimethylamine hydrochloride (1%). The phosphorus content imparted by the catalyzed reaction on cotton fabrics was approximately twice that imparted by the uncatalyzed reaction. Flame resistance of the treated fabrics ranged from fair to excellent. The treated fabrics also exhibited ion exchange properties and some crosslinking.
Abstract 989: The crosstalk of mTOR/S6K1 and Hedgehog pathways (2012)

Abstract Esophageal adenocarcinoma (EAC) is the most prevalent esophageal cancer type in the United States, and TNFα/mTOR pathway is known to mediate the development of EAC. Additionally, aberrant activation of Gli1, downstream effector of hedgehog pathway, has been observed in EAC. In this study, we found that activated mTOR/S6K1 pathway promotes Gli1 transcriptional activity and oncogenic function through S6K1-mediated Gli1 phosphorylation at Ser84, which releases Gli1 from its endogenous inhibitor, SuFu. Moreover, elimination of S6K1 activation by mTOR pathway inhibitor enhances the killing effects of the hedgehog pathway inhibitor. Together, our results established a crosstalk between mTOR/S6K1 and the hedgehog pathways, which provides not only a new mechanism for non-canonical hedgehog pathway but also a rationale for combination therapy for EAC. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 103rd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2012 Mar 31-Apr 4; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2012;72(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 989. doi:1538-7445.AM2012-989
Serum Ferritin as a Predirtor of the Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome (1997)

We investigated serum ferritin levels as a predictor of the acute respiratory distress syndrome (AROS) because: ( 1) proinflammatory cytokines, which are implicated in AROS, increase ferritin synthesis; and (2) oxidative stress in patients at risk for AROS might liberate iron from ferritin, accelerating toxic hydroxyl radical ('OH) formation. Serum ferritin levels measured by radioimmunoassay (RIA) were greater in 75 patients at risk for AROS (women, p < 0.0001; men, p < 0.0001) and 8 patients with AROS (women, p =0.001; men, p =0.0009) than in healthy control subjects. Serum ferritin levels were also greater in female (p =0.003) and male (p =0.003) at-risk patients who developed ARDS than in patients who did not develop ARDS.ln women, a value exceeding 270 ng/ml predicted ARDS with an 83% sensitiv­ ity, 71% specificity, 67% positive, and 86% negative predictive value. In men, a value exceeding 680 ng/ml predicted ARDS with a 60% sensitivity, 90% specificity, 75% positive, and 82% negative predic­ tive value. Serum ferritin levels did not correlate with C-reactive protein levels, were not different in medical or surgical at-risk patients, and were not accounted for by liver disease. Evaluating serum ferri­ tin levels in at-risk patients may help predict the development of ARDS and thereby improve study and treatment of AROS. Elevated serum ferritin levels may also regulate the participation of iron in the oxidative responses that contribute to ARDS. Connelly KG, Moss M, Panons PE, Moore EE, Moore FA, Giclas PC, Seligman PA, Repine JE. Serum ferritin as a predictor of the acute respiratory distress syndrome. AM J RESPIR CRIT CARE MED 1997;155:21-25. Patients with major trauma, sepsis, or other specific disorders are at risk for the acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) (1-3), but the development of ARDS in any single at-risk in­ dividual remains unpredictable. The emergency of new therapeu­ tic modalities with the potential to prevent the development or minimize the severity of ARDS, makes it important to identify prospectively at-risk patients in whom ARDS is more likely to occur. Furthermore, recognition of predictive markers could also yield new insights into the pathophysiology of this ill-defined syndrome. Because superoxide anion (OZ;) and hydrogen perox­ ide (H202 ) are involved in the pathogenesis of ARDS (4,5), and because free iron catalyzes the formation of highly toxic hydroxyl radical (·OH) from O2; and HZ02 through the Haber-Weiss reac
An effective satellite transponder linearization method using a physics-based predistorter (2019)

In satellite communication (SATCOM) system, a simple “bent-pipe” transponder is widely adopted to convert uplink carrier frequencies to downlink carrier frequencies for transmission of information without having on-board processing capability. The transponders are equipped with high power amplifiers (HPAs), which like other amplifier modules in communication systems, cause nonlinear distortions to transmitted signals, when HPAs are operated at or close to their saturation points to maximize power efficiency. These nonlinearities can be characterized as amplitude modulation-toamplitude modulation (AM-AM), and amplitude modulation-to-phase modulation (AM-PM) effects, which degrade the transmission performance of the system. Therefore, additional processing techniques such as predistortion (PD) has applied to maximize the transponder throughput along with the HPA power efficiency. In this paper, we first propose an accurate HPA modelling method, which leads to an outstanding agreement with the measured HPA AM-AM and AM-PM characteristics data. Then, a close-form PD is derived with respect to the power and phase compensation for the corresponding output signals of HPA. Finally, simulation results are provided to evaluate and verify the bit error rate (BER) improvement for the considered SATCOM system by applying our proposed PD technique.
Hybrid Replication: Optimizing Network Bandwidth and Primary Storage Performance for Remote Replication (2016)

Traditionally, there are two main forms of data replication to secondary locations: continuous and snapshot-based. Continuous replication mirrors every I/O to a remote server, which maintains the most up-to-date state, though at a large network bandwidth cost. Snapshot replication periodically transfers modified regions, so it has lower network bandwidth requirements since repeatedly overwritten regions are only transferred once. Snapshot replication, though, comes with larger I/O loads on primary storage since it must read modified regions to transfer. To achieve the benefits of both approaches, we present hybrid replication, which is a novel mix of continuous replication and snapshot-based replication. Hybrid replication selects data regions with high overwrite characteristics to be protected by snapshots, while data regions with fewer overwrites are protected by continuous replication. In experiments with real-world storage traces, hybrid replication reduces network bandwidth up to 40% relative to continuous replication and I/O requirements on primary storage up to 90% relative to snapshot replication.
Photoresist-based polymer resonator antennas with permanent frame (2012)

Photoresist-based polymer resonator antennas (PRAs) with permanent frame have been fabricated and measured. High-aspect-ratio frames were precisely fabricated by deep exposure lithography and subsequently filled with ceramic-polymer microcomposites. The antenna was fed by a slot on the ground plane and effects of the photoresist frame on antenna characteristics were investigated. Reflection coefficients of the antenna with/without frame are compared. The high-aspect-ratio photoresist frames with very low permittivity may have minimal impact of less than 1% on output antenna parameters. The frame-based PRAs can be precisely and inexpensively built with any shape using LIGA, an extension of deep lithography in combination with replication, which makes large-scale fabrication economically feasible.
Construction of high-girth QC-LDPC codes (2008)

We describe a hill-climbing algorithm that constructs high-girth quasi-cyclic low-density parity check (QC-LDPC) codes. Given a desired girth, the algorithm can find QC-LDPC codes of shorter block-length in much less time compared with the previously proposed ldquoguess-and-testrdquo algorithm. An analysis is also provided to explain when guess-and-test would be expected to perform well or badly.
Effects of Nonlinearities and Uncorrelated or Correlated Errors in Realistic Simulated Data on the Prediction Abilities of Augmented Classical Least Squares and Partial Least Squares (2004)

Comparisons of prediction models from the new augmented classical least squares (ACLS) and partial least squares (PLS) multivariate spectral analysis methods were conducted using simulated data containing deviations from the idealized model. The simulated data were based on pure spectral components derived from real near-infrared spectra of multicomponent dilute aqueous solutions. Simulated uncorrelated concentration errors, uncorrelated and correlated spectral noise, and nonlinear spectral responses were included to evaluate the methods on situations representative of experimental data. The statistical significance of differences in prediction ability was evaluated using the Wilcoxon signed rank test. The prediction differences were found to be dependent on the type of noise added, the numbers of calibration samples, and the component being predicted. For analyses applied to simulated spectra with noise-free nonlinear response, PLS was shown to be statistically superior to ACLS for most of the cases. With added uncorrelated spectral noise, both methods performed comparably. Using 50 calibration samples with simulated correlated spectral noise, PLS showed an advantage in 3 out of 9 cases, but the advantage dropped to 1 out of 9 cases with 25 calibration samples. For cases with different noise distributions between calibration and validation, ACLS predictions were statistically better than PLS for two of the four components. Also, when experimentally derived correlated spectral error was added, ACLS gave better predictions that were statistically significant in 15 out of 24 cases simulated. On data sets with nonuniform noise, neither method was statistically better, although ACLS usually had smaller standard errors of prediction (SEPs). The varying results emphasize the need to use realistic simulations when making comparisons between various multivariate calibration methods. Even when the differences between the standard error of predictions were statistically significant, in most cases the differences in SEP were small. This study demonstrated that unlike CLS, ACLS is competitive with PLS in modeling nonlinearities in spectra without knowledge of all the component concentrations. This competitiveness is important when maintaining and transferring models for system drift, spectrometer differences, and unmodeled components, since ACLS models can be rapidly updated during prediction when used in conjunction with the prediction augmented classical least squares (PACLS) method, while PLS requires full recalibration.
Identification of Filamin-A and -B As Potential Biomarkers for Prostate Cancer (2016)

These data support the strategy and the potential use of the biomarkers for PrCa.
SUPERCONDUCTING MAGNETIC ENERGY STORAGE: CONVENTIONAL AND TRAPPED FIELD (1993)

Superconducting magnetic energy storage (SMES) is a most efficient system for energy storage because it stores energy directly in electrical form. The SMES concept is described and analyzed with an examination of its economic viability. The impact of high-temperature supeconductivity on SMES is explored, and a trapped energy storage (TES) innovation that may have beneficial technical and economic ramifications is introduced. In addition to presenting a broad overview, this paper may be of help to those making an evaluation of the potential impact of SMES/TES on the development of new energy sources, and to determine for which energy sources it is most appropriate.
Computational highlight holography (2010)

Computational highlight holography converts three-dimensional computer models into mechanical "holograms" fabricated on (specular) reflective or refractive materials. The surface consists of small grooves with patches of paraboloids or hyperboloids, each of which produces a highlight when illuminated by a directional light. Each highlight appears in different places for different view directions, with the correct binocular and motion parallax corresponding to a virtual 3D point position. Our computational pipeline begins with a 3D model and desired view position, samples the model to generate points that depict its features accurately, and computes a maximal set of non-overlapping patches to be embedded in the surface. We provide a preview of the hologram for the user, then fabricate the surface using a computer-controlled engraving machine. We show a variety of different fabricated holograms: reflective, transmissive, and holograms with color and proper shading. We also present extensions to stationary and animated 2D stippled images.
Functional MRI of the Olfactory System in Conscious Dogs (2014)

We depend upon the olfactory abilities of dogs for critical tasks such as detecting bombs, landmines, other hazardous chemicals and illicit substances. Hence, a mechanistic understanding of the olfactory system in dogs is of great scientific interest. Previous studies explored this aspect at the cellular and behavior levels; however, the cognitive-level neural substrates linking them have never been explored. This is critical given the fact that behavior is driven by filtered sensory representations in higher order cognitive areas rather than the raw odor maps of the olfactory bulb. Since sedated dogs cannot sniff, we investigated this using functional magnetic resonance imaging of conscious dogs. We addressed the technical challenges of head motion using a two pronged strategy of behavioral training to keep dogs' head as still as possible and a single camera optical head motion tracking system to account for residual jerky movements. We built a custom computer-controlled odorant delivery system which was synchronized with image acquisition, allowing the investigation of brain regions activated by odors. The olfactory bulb and piriform lobes were commonly activated in both awake and anesthetized dogs, while the frontal cortex was activated mainly in conscious dogs. Comparison of responses to low and high odor intensity showed differences in either the strength or spatial extent of activation in the olfactory bulb, piriform lobes, cerebellum, and frontal cortex. Our results demonstrate the viability of the proposed method for functional imaging of the olfactory system in conscious dogs. This could potentially open up a new field of research in detector dog technology.
[Channelopathies: a genetic explanation of migraine and other paroxysmal neurologic disorders]. (1998)

There is increasing evidence of involvement of genes coding for ion channels in the pathogenesis of paroxysmal neurological disorders. Recently for instance, mutations in the calcium channel gene on chromosome 19 were identified in migraine, ataxia, and epilepsy. With the current research into inherited 'channelopathies' a new approach has been established. A better understanding of the pathophysiology of paroxysmal neurological disorders may lead to new therapeutic strategies.
Very Low V<inf>t</inf> [Ir-Hf]/HfLaO CMOS Using Novel Self-Aligned Low Temperature Shallow Junctions (2007)

We report very low V <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">t</sub> [Ir-Hf]/HfLaO CMOS using novel self-aligned low-temperature ultra shallow junctions with gate-first process compatible with current VLSI. At 1.2 nm EOT, good ϕ <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">m-eff</sub> of 5.3 and 4.1 eV, low V <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">t</sub> of +0.05 and 0.03 V, high mobility of 90 and 243 cm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> /Vs, and small 85°C BTI ≪32 mV (10 MV/cm, 1 hr) are measured for p- and n-MOS.
Temporal Patterns in Bot Activities (2017)

Correlated or synchronized bots commonly exist in social media sites such as Twitter. Bots work towards gaining human followers, participating in campaigns, and engaging in unethical activities such as spamming and false click generation. In this paper, we perform temporal pattern mining on bot activities in Twitter. We discover motifs (repeating behavior), discords (anomalous behavior), joins, bursts and dynamic clusters in activities of Twitter bots, and explain the significance of these temporal patterns in gaining competitive advantage over humans. Our analysis identifies a small set of indicators that separates bots from humans with high precision.