gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Model checking of hierarchical state machines (1998)

Model checking is emerging as a practical tool for detecting logical errors in early stages of system design. We investigate the model checking of hierarchical (nested) systems, i.e. finite state machines whose states themselves can be other machines. This nesting ability is common in various software design methodologies and is available in several commercial modeling tools. The straightforward way to analyze a hierarchical machine is to flatten it (thus, incurring an exponential blow up) and apply a model checking tool on the resulting ordinary FSM. We show that this flattening can be avoided. We develop algorithms for verifying linear time requirements whose complexity is polynomial in the size of the hierarchical machine. We address also the verification of branching time requirements and provide efficient algorithms and matching lower bounds.
Amorphous silicon back-plane electronics for OLED displays (2003)

Summary form only given. In this paper, we present amorphous silicon (a-Si:H) thin film transistor circuits that compensate for material shortcomings such as metastable threshold voltage shift and low mobility, and supply stable and predictable currents to drive organic light emitting diode (OLED) displays. We also discuss vertically stacked pixel architectures that enable high aperture ratio and high on-pixel integration with low parasitic capacitance and leakage current.
Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms in the Coding Region of the Apolipoprotein H (β<sub>2</sub>‐Glycoprotein I) Gene and their Correlation with the Protein Polymorphism, Anti‐β<sub>2</sub>Glycoprotein I Antibodies and Cardiolipin Binding: Description of Novel Haplotypes and Their Evolution (2004)

Apolipoprotein H (APOH), also known as beta2-glycoprotein I, is a major autoantigen for the production of antiphospholipid antibodies (APA) in autoimmune diseases. APA is also recognized by a cryptic epitope generated following the interaction of APOH with anionic phospholipids (PL). The prevalence of APA in the general U.S. white population is about 10%, but it ranges from 30-70% in patients with lupus and antiphospholipid syndrome. Since the structural characterization of APOH from different mammalian species is important to identify the evolutionary conserved regions that may be critical for its function, we have previously determined the chimpanzee APOH gene structure and the prevalence of APA. There are only two amino acid differences between the chimpanzee and human wild type APOH proteins. Chimpanzees have an unusually high prevalence (64%) of APA. There is a common protein polymorphism in the human APOH gene, with the occurrence of four alleles APOH*1, APOH*2, APOH*3 and APOH*4, the latter being present only in blacks. Based on its differential reactivity with an APOH monoclonal antibody, the APOH*3 allele is further divided into APOH*3(W) (present only in whites) and APOH*3(B) (present only in blacks). In this study we have screened a large African population (n = 755) to determine the prevalence of APA and the molecular basis of the protein polymorphism. Almost 50% of the Africans were found to be positive for APA. The APOH*3(B) allele was found to be identical to the chimpanzee's wild type APOH. Novel two-site or three-site haplotypes, encoded in the third domain of APOH, explained the molecular basis of the APOH*3(B), APOH*3(W) and APOH*4 alleles. Based on the comparison of the human and chimpanzee APOH DNA sequences, we suggest that the APOH*3(W) and APOH*4 alleles arose on the ancestral APOH*3(B) haplotype after the split of human races. We also found that these haplotypes are associated with the occurrence of APA. Recombinant APOH haplotypes, expressed in COS-1 cells, showed that these mutations also affect the binding of APOH to anionic PL.
10-Gb/s electrical backplane transmission using duobinary signaling (2004)

Electrical data transmission at 10-Gb/s through low cost backplanes is particularly challenging problem. We present for the first time a very effective approach that uses the concept of duobinary signaling to accomplish this task. Using a finite impulse response filter, we are able to compensate for the phase and amplitude response of the backplane such that the resulting frequency response of the channel is that of an ideal duobinary filter. At the output of the backplane, we use an innovative pseudo-digital circuit to convert the electrical duobinary to binary. We demonstrate a bit error rate <10/sub -9/ through electrical backplane traces up to 34 inches in length on FR4. A full discussion of the concept, system architecture and measured results are presented.
An algorithm for computing customized 3D printed implants with curvature constrained channels for enhancing intracavitary brachytherapy radiation delivery (2013)

Brachytherapy is a widely-used treatment modality for cancer in many sites in the body. In brachytherapy, small radioactive sources are positioned proximal to cancerous tumors. An ongoing challenge is to accurately place sources on a set of dwell positions to sufficiently irradiate the tumors while limiting radiation damage to healthy organs and tissues. In current practice, standardized applicators with internal channels are inserted into body cavities to guide the sources. These standardized implants are one-size-fits-all and are prone to shifting inside the body, resulting in suboptimal dosages. We propose a new approach that builds on recent results in 3D printing and steerable needle motion planning to create customized implants containing customized curvature-constrained internal channels that fit securely, minimize air gaps, and precisely guide radioactive sources through printed channels. When compared with standardized implants, customized implants also have the potential to provide better coverage: more potential source dwell positions proximal to tumors. We present an algorithm for computing curvature-constrained channels based on rapidly-expanding randomized trees (RRT). We consider a prototypical case of OB/GYN cervical and vaginal cancer with three treatment options: standardized ring implant (current practice), customized implant with linear channels, and customized implant with curved channels. Results with a two-parameter coverage metric suggest that customized implants with curved channels can offer significant improvement over current practice.
Secretory Expression Fine-Tuning and Directed Evolution of Diacetylchitobiose Deacetylase by Bacillus subtilis (2019)

Diacetylchitobiose deacetylase has great application potential in the production of chitosan oligosaccharides and monosaccharides. This work aimed to achieve high-level secretory production of diacetylchitobiose deacetylase by <i>Bacillus subtilis</i> and perform molecular engineering to improve catalytic performance. First, we screened 12 signal peptides for diacetylchitobiose deacetylase secretion in <i>B. subtilis</i>, and the signal peptide YncM achieved the highest extracellular diacetylchitobiose deacetylase activity of 13.5 U/ml. Second, by replacing the HpaII promoter with a strong promoter, the P43 promoter, the activity was increased to 18.9 U/ml. An unexpected mutation occurred at the 5' untranslated region of plasmid, and the extracellular activity reached 1,548.1 U/ml, which is 82 times higher than that of the original strain. Finally, site-directed saturation mutagenesis was performed for the molecular engineering of diacetylchitobiose deacetylase to further improve the catalytic efficiency. The extracellular activity of mutant diacetylchitobiose deacetylase R157T reached 2,042.8 U/ml in shake flasks. Mutant R157T exhibited much higher specific activity (3,112.2 U/mg) than the wild type (2,047.3 U/mg). The <i>K<sub>m</sub></i> decreased from 7.04 mM in the wild type to 5.19 mM in the mutant R157T, and the <i>V</i><sub>max</sub> increased from 5.11 μM s<sup>-1</sup> in the wild type to 7.56 μM s<sup>-1</sup> in the mutant R157T.<b>IMPORTANCE</b> We successfully achieved efficient secretory production and improved the catalytic efficiency of diacetylchitobiose deacetylase in <i>Bacillus subtilis</i>, and this provides a good foundation for the application of diacetylchitobiose deacetylase in the production of chitosan oligosaccharides and monosaccharides.
Electric Rainfall Intensity Sensor (1978)

An instrument having a logarithmic response is described that continuously measures rates of rainfall over the range 0.3–350 mm h−1 by determining the electrical power required to evaporate the water as it arrives on an exposed sensor. Laboratory calibration experiments illustrate characteristics of the instrument, and field tests show agreement with a standard tipping-bucket raingage.
Low-noise amplification of high-power pulses in multimode fibers (1999)

Low-noise amplification of high-power pulses in multimode erbium/ytterbium-doped fibers is demonstrated. The use of multimode fiber amplifiers allows to overcome the peak power limitations of single-mode amplifiers. As a result femtosecond pulses can be efficiently amplified to peak powers >50 kW in a high-power chirped pulse amplification system using chirped PPLN for frequency-doubling. With an average power level of 1.2 W at the fundamental wavelength of 1.55-μm average powers up to 420 mW are generated at 775 mm.
It takes variety to make a world (2009)

Recommendations in collaborative tagging sites such as del.icio.us and Yahoo! Movies, are becoming increasingly important, due to the proliferation of general queries on those sites and the ineffectiveness of the traditional search paradigm to address those queries. Regardless of the underlying recommendation strategy, item-based or user-based, one of the key concerns in producing recommendations, is over-specialization, which results in returning items that are too homogeneous. Traditional solutions rely on post-processing returned items to identify those which differ in their attribute values (e.g., genre and actors for movies). Such approaches are not always applicable when intrinsic attributes are not available (e.g., URLs in del.icio.us). In a recent paper [20], we introduced the notion of explanation-based diversity and formalized the diversification problem as a compromise between accuracy and diversity. In this paper, we develop efficient diversification algorithms built upon this notion. The algorithms explore compromises between accuracy and diversity. We demonstrate their efficiency and effectiveness in diversification on two real life data sets: del.icio.us and Yahoo! Movies.
High yield synthesis of L-amino acids by phenylalanine dehydrogenase from Sporosarcina ureae. (1987)

With the development of a new method of phenylpyruvic acid synthesis,1} efficient enzymatic transformation of phenylpyruvate into L-phenylalanine has become an industrial tar-
Wake Vortex Control Using Static Segmented Gurney Flaps (2007)

A study to assess the potential for using static segmented Gurney flaps, also known as miniature trailing edge effectors, for active wake vortex alleviation is conducted using a half-span model wing with NACA 0012 shape and an aspect ratio of 4.1. All tests are performed with the wing at an 8.9 deg angle of attack and chord-based Reynolds number around 350,000. The wing is equipped with an array of 13 miniature trailing edge effector pairs. Each miniature trailing edge effector has a flap that in the neutral position rests behind the blunt trailing edge of the wing, and in the down position extends 0.015 chord lengths perpendicular to the freestream on the pressure side of the wing. Measurements of section lift coefficient are made using pressure taps to assess the effect of various miniature trailing edge effector configurations on the spanwise lift distribution. Particle image velocimetry and five-hole probe measurements are made on the trailing vortex to assess the steady-state effects of different flap configurations
Fullerenes in Photodynamic Therapy (2011)

Abstract The sections in this article are Introduction Photodynamic Therapy Traditional Photosensitizers Photophysics and Photochemistry in PDT Anticancer Mechanism of PDT Cellular Effects In Vivo Effects Antimicrobial Mechanism of PDT Fullerenes as Photosensitizers Photophysics of Fullerenes Photochemistry of Fullerenes Interactions of Fullerenes with DNA Drug‐Delivery Strategies for Fullerenes Strategies to Overcome the Unfavorable Spectral Absorption of Fullerenes Covalent Attachment of Light‐Harvesting Antennae to Fullerenes Two‐Photon PDT Anticancer Effects of Fullerenes In Vitro PDT with Fullerenes In Vivo PDT with Fullerenes Fullerenes for Antimicrobial Photoinactivation Photoinactivation of Viruses Photoinactivation of Bacteria and Other Pathogens Summary and Future Perspectives Acknowledgments
Application of infrared fiber optic imaging in atherosclerotic plaques (1999)

Rupture of atherosclerotic plaques - the main cause of heart attach and stokes - is not predictable. Hence even treadmill stress tests fail to detect many persons at risk. Fatal plaques are found at autopsies to be associated with active inflammatory cells. Classically, inflammation is detected by its swelling, red color, pain and heat. We have found that heat accurately locates the dangerous plaques that are significantly warmer then atherosclerotic plaques without the same inflammation. In order to develop a non-surgical method of locating these plaques, an IR fiber optic imaging system has been developed in our laboratory to evalute the causes and effect of heat in atherosclerotic plaques. The fiber optical imagin bundle consists of 900 individual As<SUB>2</SUB>S<SUB>3</SUB> chalcogenide glass fibers which transmit IR radiation from 0.7 micrometers 7 micrometers with little energy loss. By combining that with a highly sensitive Indium Antimonide IR focal plane array detector, we are able to obtain thermal graphic images in situ. The temperature heterogeneity of atherosclerotic plaques developed in the arteral of the experimental animal models is under study with the new device. The preliminary experimental results from the animal model are encouraging. The potential of using this new technology in diagnostic evaluation of the vulnerable atherosclerotic plaques is considerable.
Incremental criticality and yield gradients (2008)

Criticality and yield gradients are two crucial diagnostic metrics obtained from Statistical Static Timing Analysis (SSTA). They provide valuable information to guide timing optimization and timing-driven physical synthesis. Existing work in the literature, however, computes both metrics in a non-incremental manner, i.e., after one or more changes are made in a previously-timed circuit, both metrics need to be recomputed from scratch, which is obviously undesirable for optimizing large circuits. The major contribution of this paper is to propose two novel techniques to compute both criticality and yield gradients efficiently and incrementally. In addition, while node and edge criticalities are addressed in the literature, this paper for the first time describes a technique to compute path criticalities. To further improve algorithmic efficiency, this paper also proposes a novel technique to update "chip slack" incrementally. Numerical results show our methods to be over two orders of magnitude faster than previous work.
An adaptive demand defrost and two-zone control and monitor system for refrigeration products (1988)

A defrost system that adapts to usage patterns and ambient conditions is described. The following parameters determine the interval between defrost operations: the amount and duration of door openings, the length of previous defrost operations, and the current freezer temperature. A two-temperature control system which allows the user to independently select freezer and fresh-food compartment temperatures is also discussed. The compressor run time and the air flow to the fresh-food compartment are controlled to achieve the desired results. These controls have been incorporated in a total control and monitor system which was recently introduced. The other features of this control are also briefly described.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Compressive cooperative sensing and mapping in mobile networks (2009)

In this paper we consider a mobile cooperative network that is tasked with building a map of the spatial variations of a parameter of interest, such as an obstacle map or an aerial map. We propose a new framework that allows the nodes to build a map of the parameter of interest with a small number of measurements. By using the recent results in the area of compressive sensing, we show how the nodes can exploit the sparse representation of the parameter of interest in the transform domain in order to build a map with minimal sensing. The proposed work allows the nodes to efficiently map the areas that are not sensed directly. To illustrate the performance of the proposed framework, we show how the nodes can build an aerial map or a map of obstacles with sparse sensing. We furthermore show how our proposed framework enables a novel non-invasive approach to mapping obstacles by using wireless channel measurements.
Improved Vector Play Model and Parameter Identification for Magnetic Hysteresis Materials (2014)

An improved vector play model for magnetic hysteresis materials is proposed, and its required parameters are identified from the input major hysteresis loop. Validation results show that this new vector hysteresis model improves the accuracy of core loss computation not only for rotating fields but also for alternating fields compared with the ordinary vector play models. The presented model has been successfully implemented in 2-D and 3-D transient finite element analysis (FEA). Some application results from the 2-D and 3-D transient FEAs are presented.
Monoclonal Antibodies for <i>Bacillus anthracis</i> Spore Detection and Functional Analyses of Spore Germination and Outgrowth (2006)

All members of the Bacillus genus produce endospores as part of their life cycle; however, it is not possible to determine the identity of spores by casual or morphological examination. The 2001 anthrax attacks demonstrated a need for fast, dependable methods for detecting Bacillus anthracis spores in vitro and in vivo. We have developed a variety of isotypes and specificities of mAbs that were able to distinguish B. anthracis spores from other Bacillus spores. The majority of Abs were directed toward BclA, a major component of the exosporium, although other components were also distinguished. These Abs did not react with vegetative forms. Some Abs distinguished B. anthracis spores from spores of distantly related species in a highly specific manner, whereas others discriminated among strains that are the closest relatives of B. anthracis. These Abs provide a rapid and reliable means of identifying B. anthracis spores, for probing the structure and function of the exosporium, and in the analysis of the life cycle of B. anthracis.
Troponin T release after heart transplantation. (1993)

Because the half life of cardiac troponin T serum is 2 h the current data show that antigen continued to be released from implanted hearts during the first postoperative months in quantities similar to minor Q wave myocardial infarction. Troponin T release after transplantation continued for much longer than after myocardial infarction or other cardiac surgery. Processes other than perioperative ischaemic damage must be responsible for the considerable individual differences in the release of cardiac troponin T.
Infrared Visual Sensing Detection Approach of Swing Arc Narrow Gap Weld Deviation Based on Outlier Data Filtering (2022)

Narrow gap arc welding interferences pose notable challenges to accurate weld deviation detection in infrared visual sensing. An outlier data filtering (ODF) approach is proposed to precisely detect weld deviation between the groove and the torch centers after eliminating the welding-induced intense disturbances in images. The ODF approach develops a global pattern recognition (GPR) based algorithm to detect the groove center, and an optimal-estimation based position consistency filtering (PCF) algorithm to locate the torch center. In addition, ODF also modifies a welding image processing procedure to prepare the groove and the wire edges for the center detections. Experimental results show that the GPR algorithm removes the simulated welding spatters of ≤ 2.48 mm diameters on the groove edge, and the PCF algorithm accurately gains the torch center with the detection error of−0.022 ~ +0.035 mm. Finally, the ODF approach realizes a precise detection of the weld deviation with the detection error of−0.107 ~ +0.079 mm, demonstrating the effectiveness of the proposed approach regardless of welding interferences.
Tubing bomb coal liquefaction technique (1984)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTTubing bomb coal liquefaction techniquePeter S. Maa, Richard C. Neavel, and Lonnie W. VernonCite this: Ind. Eng. Chem. Process Des. Dev. 1984, 23, 2, 242–250Publication Date (Print):April 1, 1984Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 April 1984https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/i200025a009https://doi.org/10.1021/i200025a009research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views103Altmetric-Citations13LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access options Get e-Alerts
The Effects of Gravity on the Combustion Synthesis of B2O3-Al2O3-MgO Glass Ceramic Composites (2000)

Glass ceramic composites based on B2O3-Al2O3-MgO have been produced by combustion synthesis in a Self-propagating mode. The gravitational effects on the combustion characteristics such as combustion wave velocity (V), and combustion temperature (T(sub c)) were studied. The results showed that the gravitational effects on these parameters were inconclusive. The microstructure of this system has also been analyzed with X-ray Diffraction and light microscopy. These results showed a higher amount of divitrification occurs under both reduced gravity and high gravity conditions. The gravitational effects on formation of pores, overall porosity and apparent porosity for this family of glass-ceramics also shows to be inconclusive. Possible reasons for these results are discussed.
Adventitious Juice Vesicles Produced from the Exocarp in the Citrinae (Aurantioideae) (1992)

Some cultivars of mandarin (Citrus reticulata Blanco), sweet orange [Citrus sinensis (L.) Osb.], and trifoliate orange [Poncirus trifoliata (L.) Raf.] were found to have adventitious juice vesicles originating from their exocarp (peel). Several hundred green vesicles may be initiated from curvilinear stylar peel depressions of immature fruit. These vesicles develop similarly to juice vesicles from the endocarp except that, as the fruit matures, exocarp adventitious vesicles die prematurely and degenerate into a fruit surface blemish. Evidence suggests that juice vesicles and oil glands are homologous and merit reconsideration in ontological studies.