gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Increased Birefringence in the Meiotic Spindle Provides a New Marker for the Onset of Activation in Living Oocytes1 (2000)

The newly developed Pol-Scope allows imaging of spindle retardance, which is an optical property of organized macromolecular structures that can be observed in living cells without fixation or staining. Experiments were undertaken to examine changes in meiotic spindles during the initial stages of activation of living mouse oocytes using the Pol-Scope. Parthenogenetic activation of oocytes treated with calcium ionophore evoked a dynamic increase in meiotic spindle retardance, particularly of the midregion, before spindle rotation and second polar body extrusion. The pronounced increase in spindle retardance, which could, for the first time to our knowledge, be quantified in living oocytes, was maintained during polar body extrusion. Spindle retardance of newly in vivo fertilized oocytes was significantly higher than that of ovulated, metaphase II oocytes. Pol-Scope imaging of fertilized oocytes did not affect subsequent development. These results establish that increased spindle retardance precedes polar body extrusion and pronuclear formation. The increased birefringence in the spindle provides an early indicator of oocyte activation. Thus, noninvasive, quantitative imaging of the onset of activation in living oocytes might improve the efficiency of assisted fertilization and other embryo technologies.
Dynamic Terahertz Spoof Surface Plasmon–Polariton Switch Based on Resonance and Absorption (2011)

In this brief, a terahertz (THz) switch consisting of perfect conductor metamaterials is demonstrated both theoretically and numerically. Specifically, we build a THz logic block based on waveguide-cavity-waveguide, thus providing a strong electromagnetic field accumulation inside a small cavity. Furthermore, this brief shows that the subwavelength metallic cavity can confine light for a long time within a very small area. Therefore, an arbitrarily designed cavity with the high quality factor <i xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">Q</i> and the small effective area <i xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">A</i> <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">eff</sub> can be easily utilized for an efficient THz switch. These promising results can be used to provide new switch types and open up new vistas in the area of THz subwavelength optics.
Evaluation of Encapsulant Materials for PV Applications (2010)

Encapsulant materials used in PV modules serve multiple purposes. They physically hold components in place, provide electrical insulation, optically couple superstrate materials (e.g., glass) to PV cells, protect components from mechanical stress by mechanically de-coupling components via strain relief, and protect materials from corrosion. To do this, encapsulants must adhere well to all surfaces, remain compliant, and transmit light after exposure to temperature, humidity, and UV radiation histories. Encapsulant materials by themselves do not completely prevent water vapour ingress [1-3], but if they are well adhered, they will prevent the accumulation of liquid water providing protection against corrosion as well as electrical shock. Here, a brief review of some of the polymeric materials under consideration for PV applications is provided, with an explanation of some of their advantages and disadvantages.
Fire-Flame Detection using Fuzzy Finite Automata (2010)

This paper proposes a new fire-flame detection method using probabilistic membership function of visual features and Fuzzy Finite Automata (FFA). First, moving regions are detected by analyzing the background subtraction and candidate flame regions then identified by applying flame color models. Since flame regions generally have continuous and an irregular pattern continuously, membership functions of variance of intensity, wavelet energy and motion orientation are generated and applied to FFA. Since FFA combines the capabilities of automata with fuzzy logic, it not only provides a systemic approach to handle uncertainty in computational systems, but also can handle continuous spaces. The proposed algorithm is successfully applied to various fire videos and shows a better detection performance when compared with other methods.
Mucosal-Associated Invariant T Cell Is a Potential Marker to Distinguish Fibromyalgia Syndrome from Arthritis (2015)

Combined with the currently available diagnostic procedures and criteria, analysis of MAIT cells offers a more objective standard for the diagnosis of FMS, RA, and SpA, which exhibit multifaceted and confusingly similar clinical manifestations.
Nonalloyed and <i>i</i> <i>n</i> <i>s</i> <i>i</i> <i>t</i> <i>u</i> Ohmic contacts to highly doped <i>n</i>-type GaAs layers grown by molecular beam epitaxy (MBE) for field-effect transistors (1979)

MBE was used to grow n-type GaAs layers doped with tin to approximately 5×1019 cm−3. Au/Ge Ohmic contacts were formed on the heavily doped layers without exceeding the eutectic temperature, thereby producing a nonalloyed Ohmic contact. In an in situ metallization experiment, tin was deposited on a freshly grown n++ layer. The deposited contact (without any heating) has linear current-voltage characteristics. Power GaAs FET’s were fabricated with nonalloyed Au/Ge contacts which showed excellent rf and dc characteristics. The combination of MBE n++ layer growth and the technology presented here may have potential for microwave devices and GaAs integrated circuits.
High-Power, Ultra-Narrow Line-Width Fiber Lasers (2006)

Development of high-power ultra-narrow linewidth fiber lasers is reviewed, including our recent achievement in developing a high power actively stabilized Brillouin fiber laser with linewidth of less than 200 Hz.
Phase compensation in Digital Holography Microscopy (2016)

Digital Holography Microscopy (DHM) is a powerful tool for three-dimensional imaging of micro-objects, since it yields an intensity image, called hologram. This is interference pattern, records the intensity information and allow reconstruction of the phase shift introduced by objects. With the development of computer and fast Fourier transformation technology, DHM has been widely used in biological and material tissues, etc.. In this paper, DHM is used to measure the abrupt edges and surface of reflect objects which are calibrated. Phase compensation uses the physical configuration to compensate the phase aberration, such as Microscope Objective (MO), spherical aberration and other curvature introduced by specimen or instruments in set-up. We apply this method to obtain the pure holograms of objects. The holograms produce more accurate phase-contrast imaging and three-dimensional imaging. Angular Spectrum Propagation (ASP) approach is a strict diffraction integration, and widely used for many applications, such as short-distance propagation, and the off-axis system and tilted plane. Here, we achieve numerical reconstruction of the hologram with ASP under phase compensation condition in an off-axis system.First, we use the fast Fourier transformation for the hologram and get the frequency image. Then, filter out the spectrum about the image which we need. Finally, inverse Fourier transform of the filtered spectrum and get the complex amplitude information. The phase image and intensity image of specimen is obtained after calculating the reconstruction distance.
Interpretable Deep Models for ICU Outcome Prediction. (2016)

Exponential surge in health care data, such as longitudinal data from electronic health records (EHR), sensor data from intensive care unit (ICU), etc., is providing new opportunities to discover meaningful data-driven characteristics and patterns ofdiseases. Recently, deep learning models have been employedfor many computational phenotyping and healthcare prediction tasks to achieve state-of-the-art performance. However, deep models lack interpretability which is crucial for wide adoption in medical research and clinical decision-making. In this paper, we introduce a simple yet powerful knowledge-distillation approach called interpretable mimic learning, which uses gradient boosting trees to learn interpretable models and at the same time achieves strong prediction performance as deep learning models. Experiment results on Pediatric ICU dataset for acute lung injury (ALI) show that our proposed method not only outperforms state-of-the-art approaches for morality and ventilator free days prediction tasks but can also provide interpretable models to clinicians.
Fingerprint pore characteristics for liveness detection (2014)

In the search for viable fingerprint liveness detection techniques, one looks for unique characteristics that distinguish the friction ridge skin of a living finger from all other materials that could be made to imitate it. One such characteristic is the perspiration phenomenon, where small openings in the skin called pores, positioned periodically along the ridges, excrete sweat. These pores are often visible in images captured by a fingerprint scanner. This paper proposes an approach to fingerprint liveness detection, where pores are detected and a small region around each pore is analyzed to determine the perspiration activity. Results are presented using the LivDet 2011 and 2013 datasets, showing that the proposed approach is viable as a fingerprint liveness detection approach on its own and improves performance when combined with other liveness detection approaches.
Structure-function relationship in chitosan-mediated gene delivery: controlling polyplex disassembly through chitosan design. (2009)

Structure-function relationship in chitosan-mediated gene delivery: controlling polyplex disassembly through chitosan design.
Active Site Loop Dynamics of a Class IIa Fructose 1,6-Bisphosphate Aldolase from <i>Mycobacterium tuberculosis</i> (2013)

Class II fructose 1,6-bisphosphate aldolases (FBAs, EC 4.1.2.13) comprise one of two families of aldolases. Instead of forming a Schiff base intermediate using an ε-amino group of a lysine side chain, class II FBAs utilize Zn(II) to stabilize a proposed hydroxyenolate intermediate (HEI) in the reversible cleavage of fructose 1,6-bisphosphate, forming glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate and dihydroxyacetone phosphate (DHAP). As class II FBAs have been shown to be essential in pathogenic bacteria, focus has been placed on these enzymes as potential antibacterial targets. Although structural studies of class II FBAs from Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MtFBA), other bacteria, and protozoa have been reported, the structure of the active site loop responsible for catalyzing the protonation-deprotonation steps of the reaction for class II FBAs has not yet been observed. We therefore utilized the potent class II FBA inhibitor phosphoglycolohydroxamate (PGH) as a mimic of the HEI- and DHAP-bound form of the enzyme and determined the X-ray structure of the MtFBA-PGH complex to 1.58 Å. Remarkably, we are able to observe well-defined electron density for the previously elusive active site loop of MtFBA trapped in a catalytically competent orientation. Utilization of this structural information and site-directed mutagenesis and kinetic studies conducted on a series of residues within the active site loop revealed that E169 facilitates a water-mediated deprotonation-protonation step of the MtFBA reaction mechanism. Also, solvent isotope effects on MtFBA and catalytically relevant mutants were used to probe the effect of loop flexibility on catalytic efficiency. Additionally, we also reveal the structure of MtFBA in its holoenzyme form.
An efficient computation-constrained block-based motion estimation algorithm for low bit rate video coding (1999)

We present an efficient computation constrained block-based motion vector estimation algorithm for low bit rate video coding that yields good tradeoffs between motion estimation distortion and number of computations. A reliable predictor determines the search origin, localizing the search process. An efficient search pattern exploits structural constraints within the motion field. A flexible cost measure used to terminate the search allows simultaneous control of the motion estimation distortion and the computational cost. Experimental results demonstrate the viability of the proposed algorithm in low bit rate video coding applications. The resulting low bit rate video encoder yields essentially the same levels of rate-distortion performance and subjective quality achieved by the UBC H.263+ video coding reference software. However, the proposed motion estimation algorithm provides substantially higher encoding speed as well as graceful computational degradation capabilities.
A Direct and efficient synthesis method for dumbell-shaped linear DNA using PCR in vitro (2003)

A linear, covalently-closed, dumbbell-shaped DNA vector including a transcription unit is known to have both biological stability and safety and is expected to be useful for gene therapy. We established an easy, quick, and large preparative synthetic method of modified- and unmodified-dumbbell DNA using an intramolecular cyclization at the DNA termini.
New Functions for an Old Enzyme: Nonhemostatic Roles for Tissue-Type Plasminogen Activator in the Central Nervous System (2004)

Tissue-type plasminogen activator (tPA) is a highly specific serine proteinase that activates the zymogen plasminogen to the broad-specificity proteinase plasmin. Tissue-type plasminogen activator is found not only in the blood, where its primary function is as a thrombolytic enzyme, but also in the central nervous system (CNS), where it promotes events associated with synaptic plasticity and acts as a regulator of the permeability of the neurovascular unit. Tissue-type plasminogen activator has also been associated with pathological events in the CNS such as cerebral ischemia and seizures. Neuroserpin is an inhibitory serpin that reacts preferentially with tPA and is located in regions of the brain where either tPA message or tPA protein are also found, indicating that neuroserpin is the selective inhibitor of tPA in the CNS. There is a growing body of evidence demonstrating the participation of tPA in a number of physiological and pathological events in the CNS, as well as the role of neuroserpin as the natural regulator of tPA's activity in these processes. This review will focus on nonhemostatic roles of tPA in the CNS with emphasis on its newly described function as a regulator of permeability of the neurovascular unit and on the regulatory role of neuroserpin in these events.
A Novel Self-Powered Supply for GCT Gate Drivers (2007)

The commercial power supply for the gate driver of integrated Gate Commutated Thyristors (GCT) is an expensive device since the supply's output must withstand the high voltage potential of the GCT switch against all other relevant potentials in the converter. This voltage potential varies from a few thousand volts to several ten thousands of volts over the GCT application range. In this paper, a novel self-powered supply (SPS) is proposed for the GCT gate driver, where the supply obtains energy from the snubber circuit of the GCT switch and then provides a regulated dc voltage for the gate driver. Since the snubber circuit is at the same potential as the GCT, the insulation level of the supply is reduced from thousands of volts to a couple of hundred volts, leading to a significant reduction in cost and size. The supply configuration is introduced and its operating principle is discussed. The design guidelines and experimental results are also provided.
Gliogenesis in the central nervous system (2000)

Multipotential neuroepithelial stem cells are thought to give rise to all the differentiated cells of the central nervous system (CNS). The developmental potential of these multipotent stem cells becomes more restricted as they differentiate into progressively more committed cells and ultimately into mature neurons and glia. In studying gliogenesis, the optic nerve and spinal cord have become invaluable models and the progressive stages of differentiation are being clarified. Multiple classes of glial precursors termed glial restricted precursors (GRP), oligospheres, oligodendrocyte-type2 astrocyte (O-2A) and astrocyte precursor cells (APC) have been identified. Similar classes of precursor cells can be isolated from human neural stem cell cultures and from embryonic stem (ES) cell cultures providing a non-fetal source of such cells. In this review, we discuss gliogenesis, glial stem cells, putative relationships of these cells to each other, factors implicated in gliogenesis, and therapeutic applications of glial precursors.
Characterization of microstructured semiconductor neutron detectors (2013)

Silicon diodes with large aspect ratio microstructures backfilled with neutron-reactive material show a dramatic increase in neutron-detection efficiency beyond that of conventional thin-film coated planar devices. Described here are advancements in applications of the technology. The highest single-chip efficiency devices thus far have delivered over 30.1% intrinsic thermal-neutron detection efficiency at normal incident, and 37.6% at a 45° incident. The detectors operate as diffused pn-junction diodes each having 4-cm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> active area. The solid-state silicon device operates on zero to 2.7V and utilizes simple signal amplification and counting electronic components. The intrinsic detection-efficiency for normal-incident 0.0253 eV neutrons was found for the detectors by calibrating against a calibrated <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3</sup> He proportional counter.
X-band FMCW radar system with variable chirp duration (2010)

For application in a short range ground based surveillance radar a combination between frequency modulated continuous wave (FMCW) transmit signals and a receive antenna array system is considered in this paper. The target echo signal is directly down converted by the instantaneous transmit frequency. The target range R will be estimated based on the measured frequency shift f <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">B</sub> between transmit and receive signal. Due to an extremely short chirp duration T <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">chirp</sub> , the target radial velocity ν <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">τ</sub> has only a very small influence to the measured frequency shift f <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">B</sub> . Therefore the radial velocity ν <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">τ</sub> will not be measured inside a single FMCW chirp but in a sequence of chirp signals and inside each individual range gate. Finally, the target azimuth angle is calculated utilizing the receive antenna array and applying a digital beamforming scheme. Furthermore, in order to unambiguously measure even high radial velocities, a variable chirp duration is proposed on a dwell to dwell basis.
THE USE OF ELECTROCHEMISTRY AND ELLIPSOMETRY FOR IDENTIFYING AND EVALUATING CORROSION ON AIRCRAFT. (1994)

Abstract : The objective of this SBIR Phase II project was to develop a sensor that could be used by the USAF to monitor the degree of corrosion in aircraft. Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy (ElS) has been performed on aluminum alloy samples coated under military specifications. Precise impedance signatures were acquired in order to develop a simple, yet powerful, sensor for the early detection and measurement of corrosion processes on aircraft. Two versions of prototype sensors have been developed in the Phase II effort to obtain the EIS signature utilizing a two-electrode approach. One version is a portable hand-held unit while the second version is permanently attached. The two-electrode approach enables reliable in-situ, real-time analyses of aircraft metal/coating systems under actual service conditions. Results of the Phase II laboratory testing show that the sensors are capable of tracking the corrosion process on the aluminum substrates under a variety of environmental conditions and substrate configurations. Field testing of the portable unit has shown that the technique can be conducted in the field with results comparable to the laboratory.
Multiline flow rate measurement using ultrasonic Doppler method (2003)

Ultrasonic Doppler method for flow metering system has been developed. The principle is based on the integration of instantaneous velocity profile over a pipe diameter so that it is expected to be able to eliminate installation problems such as entry length as well as to follow transient flow rate precisely. Therefore, in the present study, we reported the results of multiline flow rate measurement employing this method Flow metering principle by ultrasonic Doppler method in a circular pipe depends on the alignment of measuring lines. And in most cases, metallic pipes are used both in industrial factories and power plants. In this paper, the influence of the number of measuring lines and the comparison among several kinds of metallic pipes on the flow rate measurements have been investigated for nondeveloped flows in a vertical pipe.
Development of Nanoscale Power System Using Biological Self-assembly Method (2003)

Horse spleen ferritin with iron core (Fe-ferritin) and the ferritin reconstituted with cobalt (Co-ferritin) are considered for the concept of a bio-nanobattery that will be a key element to a distributed energy storage system. The Co-ferritin has a good stability and was successfully synthesized and tested for reducing capability. The redox potential of Fe/Co ferritins obtained as a bio-nanobattery unit was 0.50 V. A two - dimensional ferritin array was also fabricated on Si substrate with a c ationized ferritin, by the spin self- assembly (SSA) deposition.
View-sharing for 4D magnetic resonance imaging with randomized projection-encoding enables improvements of respiratory motion imaging for treatment planning in abdominothoracic radiotherapy (2023)

The use of a quasi-random sampling function, with view-sharing driven by the average breathing curve, provides a feasible method for self-navigated 4D-MRI at improved spatial resolution.
Photorefractive two-beam-coupling nonlinear joint-transform correlator (1994)

An all-optical nonlinear joint-transform correlator that is based on a square-law receiver has been implemented for the first time to our knowledge without the use of a spatial light modulator and digital processing in the Fourier plane. The correlator uses energy transfer from two-beam coupling in the Fourier plane. We implement compressional nonlinearity in the hard-clipped regime by pumping a weak plane wave with the intense joint spectrum of the reference and the signal images. Operation of this device rivals or exceeds that of the phase-only filter for detecting objects in cluttered noise. Experimental results are compared with both plane-wave and beam-propagation simulations.
Prolinks: a database of protein functional linkages derived from coevolution (2004)

The advent of whole-genome sequencing has led to methods that infer protein function and linkages. We have combined four such algorithms (phylogenetic profile, Rosetta Stone, gene neighbor and gene cluster) in a single database--Prolinks--that spans 83 organisms and includes 10 million high-confidence links. The Proteome Navigator tool allows users to browse predicted linkage networks interactively, providing accompanying annotation from public databases. The Prolinks database and the Proteome Navigator tool are available for use online at http://dip.doe-mbi.ucla.edu/pronav.