gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Peer Reviewed: Analytical Applications of Single-Molecule Detection (2002)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVFeaturesNEXTPeer Reviewed: Analytical Applications of Single-Molecule DetectionSingle-species-level assays that would be difficult or impossible with conventional bulk measurements can now be performed with laser-induced fluorescenceRichard A. Keller, W. Patrick Ambrose, Angela A. Arias, Hong Cai, Steven R. Emory, Peter M. Goodwin, and James H. JettCite this: Anal. Chem. 2002, 74, 11, 316 A–324 APublication Date (Web):June 1, 2002Publication History Published online1 June 2002Published inissue 1 June 2002https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ac022035ihttps://doi.org/10.1021/ac022035inewsACS Publications. This publication is available under these Terms of Use. Request reuse permissions This publication is free to access through this site. Learn MoreArticle Views2650Altmetric-Citations38LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail PDF (63 MB) Get e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Converting Citrus Waste to Ethanol and Other Co-Products (2009)

Conversion of citrus processing waste (CPW) generated during juice production into value added co-products is an important aspect of the juice industry as it offers a solution to waste disposal issues. Currently the practice of drying citrus waste to produce citrus pulp pellets (CPP) for use as cattle feed is profitable. However, until the recent rise in value, CPP value was marginal and often did not meet production costs. Another concern has been volatile organic emissions during CPP production. Only one third of the residual peel oil present in citrus waste is recovered during CPP production with most being vented to the atmosphere during drying and is a growing environmental concern. Improvements in limonene recovery and development of alternative value added co-products obtained from CPW could add substantial value to the citrus crop. For current CPP production, the energy required to dry CPW is the major cost involved and approximately 25 lb of limonene are obtained per ton of CPP produced. Since limonene is recovered during evaporation/concentration of pressed peel juice using a waste heat evaporator, little additional cost is associated with limonene recovery. The concentrated citrus molasses produced may be added back to the press cake or fermented to make ethanol, but only contains a third of the sugars in CPW that are fermentable by conventional yeast. While utilizing the entire CPW stream for ethanol using hydrolysis and fermentation is more involved, three times the amount of ethanol can be obtained compared to using press liquor alone. Most of the limonene must be removed as it inhibits fermentation. In the process developed 85–95% of the limonene contained in CPW can be removed and recovered by steam stripping. This greatly reduces concerns associated with the release of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) during processing of CPW and the limonene recovered has a value equal or greater than stripping costs. Using a mixture of enzymes and yeast, the CPW is then hydrolyzed and fermented simultaneously to produce ethanol followed by distillation to remove and recover the ethanol. Enzyme costs to hydrolyze and liquefy CPW have been reduced to less than a dollar per gallon of ethanol produced, and the economics for distillation are still being optimized. The distillation residues contain half the solids of raw citrus waste that can still be utilized as a CPP product. Other uses for the residues such as incorporation of the pectic materials into building product and paper additives, and ion exchange materials for wastewater remediation are also in development. Paper published with permission.
Spectrochemical Analysis of Liquids Using the Laser Spark (1984)

A laser-generated spark was used to analyze liquids spectroscopically for elemental constituents The spark was produced directly in liquids by a focused laser pulse of 15 ns duration and an energy of about 45 mJ/pulse The size, temperature, and electron density of the spark are reported Emissions from once-ionized and neutral atoms and simple molecules were observed Limits of detection for Li, Na, K, Rb, Cs, Be, Mg, Ca, B, and Al in aqueous solutions were established with the use of a 10 Hz repetitive single spark (RSS) Most of these elements were only detectable at levels above 1 µg/mL, although the detection limit for Li was 0006 µg/mL The relative standard deviation for replicate sample analysis was 4–8% The detectability of some species was enhanced with the use of a 10 Hz repetitive spark pair (RSP): a pair of sparks separated in time by about 18 µs The detection limits for B/H 2 O with the RSP and the RSS were 80 and 1200 µg/mL, respectively Species were also detected in organic solvents and in flowing samples The laser spark method of liquid analysis would be useful in situations requiring noninvasive monitoring of species at high or moderate concentrations
Resolution study of wind parameter estimates by a coherent Doppler lidar system (2006)

A 2-μm wavelength coherent Doppler lidar system under development at NASA Langley Research Center in Virginia is discussed from the perspective of signal processing. The current data processing algorithm returns a variety of wind parameters such as power spectra, Doppler shift, wind speed, and wind direction. This paper compares the quality of selected wind parameter estimates by computing the power spectral density of stochastic lidar return data via the periodogram and the maximum likelihood power estimation method. The improvement in resolution of power spectra and Doppler shift estimates is witnessed by means of zero padding before the power spectral density was estimated in each range bin.
Polarization mode dispersion measurement and impact on high bit-rate systems (2000)

Polarization mode dispersion (PMD) is emerging as the limiting impairment in high bit-rate lightwave systems, even when new fiber or a first-order PMD compensator is employed. We describe various PMD measurement methods, including a new time-domain technique, and describe the system impact of PMD.
Direct delivery of anticancer agents: experimental treatment of intraocular malignancy. (1978)

Two anticancer agents, one lipophilic, 1,3-bis(2-chloroethyl)-1-nitrosourea (BCNU), and one hydrophilic, 5-(3,3-dimethyl-1-triazeno) imidazol-4-carboxamide (DTIC), were used to treat Brown-Pearce epithelioma in the anterior chamber of rabbit eyes. The BCNU test animals were divided into three groups: one treated by direct injection of the drug into the subconjuntival space or the anterior chamber, the second by both direct injections and intravenous administration, and the third by intravenous injection alone. The DTIC test animals were treated with only local injection into the subconjunctival space or anterior chamber. Dosage, delivery system, and effectiveness were compared following clinical observation and histopathologic examination. Direct delivery of BCNU or DTIC in subconjuntival space or anterior chamber delayed the growth of Brown-Pearce epithelioma in rabbit eye. The effectiveness of this treatment was significnatly enhanced by combining direct injection with systemic administration of a lower dose of BCNU.
All four CatSper ion channel proteins are required for male fertility and sperm cell hyperactivated motility (2007)

Mammalian spermatozoa become motile at ejaculation, but before they can fertilize the egg, they must acquire more thrust to penetrate the cumulus and zona pellucida. The forceful asymmetric motion of hyperactivated spermatozoa requires Ca2+ entry into the sperm tail by an alkalinization-activated voltage-sensitive Ca2+-selective current (ICatSper). Hyperactivation requires CatSper1 and CatSper2 putative ion channel genes, but the function of two other related genes (CatSper3 and CatSper4) is not known. Here we show that targeted disruption of murine CatSper3 or CatSper4 also abrogated ICatSper, sperm cell hyperactivated motility and male fertility but did not affect spermatogenesis or initial motility. Direct protein interactions among CatSpers, the sperm specificity of these proteins, and loss of ICatSper in each of the four CatSper-/- mice indicate that CatSpers are highly specialized flagellar proteins.
OpenStack Neat: a framework for dynamic and energy‐efficient consolidation of virtual machines in OpenStack clouds (2014)

Summary Dynamic consolidation of virtual machines (VMs) is an efficient approach for improving the utilization of physical resources and reducing energy consumption in cloud data centers. Despite the large volume of research published on this topic, there are very few open‐source software systems implementing dynamic VM consolidation. In this paper, we propose an architecture and open‐source implementation of OpenStack Neat, a framework for dynamic VM consolidation in OpenStack clouds. OpenStack Neat can be configured to use custom VM consolidation algorithms and transparently integrates with existing OpenStack deployments without the necessity of modifying their configuration. In addition, to foster and encourage further research efforts in the area of dynamic VM consolidation, we propose a benchmark suite for evaluating and comparing dynamic VM consolidation algorithms. The proposed benchmark suite comprises OpenStack Neat as the base software framework, a set of real‐world workload traces, performance metrics and evaluation methodology. As an application of the proposed benchmark suite, we conduct an experimental evaluation of OpenStack Neat and several dynamic VM consolidation algorithms on a five‐node testbed, which shows significant benefits of dynamic VM consolidation resulting in up to 33% energy savings. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Automotive Radar-Based Hitch Angle Tracking Technique for Trailer Backup Assistant Systems (2022)

We propose a technique for trailer angle detection (TAD) for use in advanced trailer backup assistance systems (TBAS) for semi-autonomous or fully autonomous backup maneuvers. TBAS incorporates a combined trailer-tow-vehicle kinematic model, which requires an estimate of the hitch-angle. The proposed radar-based TAD model processes reflections acquired from the mmWave radars situated at the rear side of the vehicle to detect the trailer and track its orientation to the tow-vehicle. This technique is based on the tracking of individual points in the merged radars point-cloud. Each tracked point is considered as a hitch-angle estimator. Using the current and past position information of a point, the model estimates the current hitch-angle. To offer an accurate and reliable estimation for the hitch-angle, the model fuses the estimated hitch-angle by all estimators and the yaw rate of the vehicle. The model employs a Kalman filter to track each radar point, which is robust to the noisy radar measurements. In the presence of strong and persistent reflections from the trailer, the model can track the trailer successfully and return the hitch-angle with a reliability measure equal to 90%. For a less common flat trailer with inconsistent radar reflective points, the measured reliability drops to 72%. The model is implemented in real-time with an expected processing time of 4 ms per epoch.
HIGH TEMPERATURE SUPERCONDUCTIVITY IN Y-Ba-Cu-Nb-O SYSTEM (1988)

Results of the resistivity and magnetic susceptibility measurements for an oxide superconductor with nominal compositions of Y 1 Ba 2 ( Cu 1−x Nb x ) 3 O 6+δ and Y 0.4 Ba 0.6 ( Cu 1−x Nb x ) O 2+δ where x = 0.1, 0.15, 0.2, are reported. Superconducting transition temperatures, T c onset (T co ) and T c final (T cf ) are above 90 K and 80 K respectively. We have observed a gradual change in the X-ray powder diffraction patterns of the samples with the change in x.
<title>Investigation of phase-encoded inputs to VanderLugt correlators</title> (1992)

Extremely light efficient optical correlators can be built if both the input and filter are displayed on phase modulating devices. Problems may exist, however, since changes in the input scene intensity cause changes in the phase encoding. An analysis is presented here for the VanderLugt correlator architecture. Experimental results comparing the correlator response to phase-encoded and amplitude-encoded inputs are also presented for varying input scene intensities.
Improvement of Shaking-Table Control with Adaptive Filter(2nd Report,Verification with Large Scale Shaking Table) (2003)

A new control method for a shaking table-which compensates the reaction force caused by a non-linear specimen in real-time was previously developed. This method estimates the error in the transfer function by using the recursive least-square method, then the error is compensated by an adaptive filter. Verification tests with a large-scale shaking table controlled by this method were carried out in the present work. Even when the characteristics of the specimen change during excitation, the desired pseudo-velocity response spectra of the table acceleration which is three dimensional artificial earthquake wave can be achieved with the adaptive filter. The results of these tests show the effectiveness of this method.
A Hafnium-Based Metal–Organic Framework as an Efficient and Multifunctional Catalyst for Facile CO<sub>2</sub> Fixation and Regioselective and Enantioretentive Epoxide Activation (2014)

Porous heterogeneous catalysts play a pivotal role in the chemical industry. Herein a new Hf-based metal–organic framework (Hf-NU-1000) incorporating Hf6 clusters is reported. It demonstrates high catalytic efficiency for the activation of epoxides, facilitating the quantitative chemical fixation of CO2 into five-membered cyclic carbonates under ambient conditions, rendering this material an excellent catalyst. As a multifunctional catalyst, Hf-NU-1000 is also efficient for other epoxide activations, leading to the regioselective and enantioretentive formation of 1,2-bifuctionalized systems via solvolytic nucleophilic ring opening.
Crystalline Organic Semiconductor Waveguide Optical Directional Couplers and Switches (1992)

In previous work [1, 2], we have successfully developed techniques to fabricate low-loss rib waveguides in a crystalline organic compound, namely, 3,4,9,10 perylenetetracarboxylic dianhydride (PTCDA). Here, we demonstrate apparently the first optical directional coupler using an index-matching layer in similar crystalline organic semiconductor waveguides. We also observed switching of the guided light between the waveguides in the PTCDA couplers by pumping the surface of one waveguide in the coupling region with 0.514 μm wavelength light.
Heuristic Planning Method of EV Fast Charging Station on a Freeway Considering the Power Flow Constraints of the Distribution Network (2017)

A heuristic planning method of electric vehicle (EV) fast charging station on a freeway considering the power flow constraints of the distribution network was proposed. Firstly, the spatial and temporal distribution of EV charging points was determined based on a spatial-temporal model (STM); then the charging demand of candidate fast charging stations was determined based on the Shared Nearest Neighbor (SNN) Clustering algorithm; finally, a heuristic principle was proposed to meet the power flow constraints of the distribution network and the final planning scheme (the location and capacity) was determined. A typical test system was used to verify the validity of the planning method.
Long viewing distance autostereoscopic display (2005)

Most of the reported studies have focused on improving the viewing resolution of integral photography (IP) image, widening the viewing angle. To the best of our knowledge, there has been no report about producing an IP image with a depth of several meters for viewing with the naked eye. We developed a technique of three-dimensional (3-D) display for distant viewing of a 3-D image without the need for special glasses. The photo-based integral photography (IP) method enables precise 3-D images to be displayed at long viewing distances without any influence from deviated or distorted lenses in a lens array. We calculate the elemental images from a referential viewing area for each lens and project the corresponding result images through each lens. We succeeded in creating an image display that appears to have three-dimensionality even when viewed from a distance, with an image depth of 5.7 m or more in front of the display, and 3.5m or more behind the display. To the best of our knowledge, the long-distance IP display presented in this paper is technically unique as it is first report of generating an image with such a long viewing distance.
An Alternative and Efficient Synthesis of 24,24-Difluoro-1.ALPHA.,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3. (1992)

An alternative synthesis of the title compound 2, a highly potent analog of 1α, 25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 (1), is described. Starting with 1α, 3β-bis[(tert-butyldimethylsilyl)oxy]androst-5-ene (8), 2 was obtained in 3.8% total yield through 10 steps. This method provides compound 2 in much higher yield than that reported previously.
Phosphodiesterase 5 inhibitors augment UT-15C-stimulated ATP release from erythrocytes of humans with pulmonary arterial hypertension (2014)

Both prostacyclin analogs and phosphodiesterase 5 (PDE5) inhibitors are effective treatments for pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH). In addition to direct effects on vascular smooth muscle, prostacyclin analogs increase cAMP levels and ATP release from healthy human erythrocytes. We hypothesized that UT-15C, an orally available form of the prostacyclin analog, treprostinil, would stimulate ATP release from erythrocytes of humans with PAH and that this release would be augmented by PDE5 inhibitors. Erythrocytes were isolated and the effect of UT-15C on cAMP levels and ATP release were measured in the presence and absence of the PDE5 inhibitors, zaprinast or tadalafil. In addition, the ability of a soluble guanylyl cyclase inhibitor to prevent the effects of tadalafil was determined. Erythrocytes of healthy humans and humans with PAH respond to UT-15C with increases in cAMP levels and ATP release. In both groups, UT-15C-induced ATP release was potentiated by zaprinast and tadalafil. The effect of tadalafil was prevented by pre-treatment with an inhibitor of soluble guanylyl cyclase in healthy human erythrocytes. Importantly, UT-15C-induced ATP release was greater in PAH erythrocytes than in healthy human erythrocytes in both the presence and the absence of PDE5 inhibitors. The finding that prostacyclin analogs and PDE5 inhibitors work synergistically to enhance release of the potent vasodilator ATP from PAH erythrocytes provides a new rationale for the co-administration of these drugs in this disease. Moreover, these results suggest that the erythrocyte is a novel target for future drug development for the treatment of PAH.
Modified Lithium Borohydrides for Reversible Hydrogen Storage (2006)

In an attempt to develop lithium borohydrides as reversible hydrogen storage materials with high hydrogen storage capacities, the feasibility of reducing the dehydrogenation temperature of the lithium borohydride and moderating rehydrogenation conditions was explored. The lithium borohydride was modified by ball milling with metal oxides and metal chlorides as additives. The modified lithium borohydrides released 9 wt % hydrogen starting from 473 K. The dehydrided modified lithium borohydrides absorbed 7-9 wt % hydrogen at 873 K and 7 MPa. The modification with additives reduced the dehydriding starting temperature from 673 to 473 K and moderated the rehydrogenation conditions from 923 K/15 MPa to 873 K/7 MPa. XRD and SEM analysis revealed the formation of an intermediate compound that might play a key role in changing the reaction path, resulting in the lower dehydriding temperature and reversibility. The reversible hydrogen storage capacity of the oxide-modified lithium borohydrides decreased gradually during hydriding/dehydriding cycling. One of the possible reasons for this effect might be the loss of boron during dehydrogenation, but this can be prevented by changing the dehydriding path using appropriate additives. The additives reduced the dehydriding temperature and improved the reversibility, but they also reduced the hydrogen storage capacity. The best compromise can be reached by selecting appropriate additives, optimizing the additive loading, and using new synthesis processes other than ball milling.
Genes That Are Uniquely Stress Regulated in Salt Overly Sensitive (<i>sos</i>) Mutants (2001)

Repetitive rounds of differential subtraction screening, followed by nucleotide sequence determination and northern-blot analysis, identified 84 salt-regulated (160 mM NaCl for 4 h) genes in Arabidopsis wild-type (Col-0 gl1) seedlings. Probes corresponding to these 84 genes and ACP1, RD22BP1, MYB2, STZ, and PAL were included in an analysis of salt responsive gene expression profiles in gl1 and the salt-hypersensitive mutant sos3. Six of 89 genes were expressed differentially in wild-type and sos3 seedlings; steady-state mRNA abundance of five genes (AD06C08/unknown, AD05E05/vegetative storage protein 2 [VSP2], AD05B11/S-adenosyl-L-Met:salicylic acid carboxyl methyltransferase [SAMT], AD03D05/cold regulated 6.6/inducible2 [COR6.6/KIN2], and salt tolerance zinc finger [STZ]) was induced and the abundance of one gene (AD05C10/circadian rhythm-RNA binding1 [CCR1]) was reduced in wild-type plants after salt treatment. The expression of CCR1, SAMT, COR6.6/KIN2, and STZ was higher in sos3 than in wild type, and VSP2 and AD06C08/unknown was lower in the mutant. Salt-induced expression of VSP2 in sos1 was similar to wild type, and AD06C08/unknown, CCR1, SAMT, COR6.6/KIN2, and STZ were similar to sos3. VSP2 is regulated presumably by SOS2/3 independent of SOS1, whereas the expression of the others is SOS1 dependent. AD06C08/unknown and VSP2 are postulated to be effectors of salt tolerance whereas CCR1, SAMT, COR6.6/KIN2, and STZ are determinants that must be negatively regulated during salt adaptation. The pivotal function of the SOS signal pathway to mediate ion homeostasis and salt tolerance implicates AD06C08/unknown, VSP2, SAMT, 6.6/KIN2, STZ, and CCR1 as determinates that are involved in salt adaptation.