gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A New Archetype of Automatic Transmission (2011)

<div class="section abstract"><div class="htmlview paragraph">With the rapid development of the world's automobile industry, china's car sales have increased with each passing day. The automobile industry has become one of china's leading industries, and the market share of the automatic transmission in the Chinese car market is growing rapidly. Based on the actual status of the automatic transmission industry in china, we analyze the present condition and development tendency of the automatic transmission market in china in this thesis. We analyze and discuss some features like structure, design, technology of the AT / AMT / CVT / DCT and their adaptability in Chinese automatic transmission market. On that basis we bring forward a conceptual design of a 8-speed automatic transmission which is for a front-wheel drive vehicles, then we analyze the feature of 8AT's design, introduces the design and engineering development of 8AT.Finally, we discuss the possibility SOP of 8AT in China.</div></div>
Host−Guest Interactions in P1, SUZ-4, and ZSM-57 Zeolites Containing<i>N,N,N,N</i><i>‘</i><i>,N</i><i>‘</i><i>,N</i><i>‘</i>-Hexaethylpentanediammonium Ion as a Guest Molecule (2001)

The 1H-13C CP MAS NMR and Raman spectra of N,N,N,N‘,N‘,N‘-hexaethylpentanediammonium (Et6-diquat-5) ions encapsulated within P1, SUZ-4, and ZSM-57 zeolites are presented. The Et6-diquat-5 molecules occluded are found to adopt distinct molecular conformations in order to fit in the pores of each zeolite host. Computer modeling studies show that encapsulation of Et6-diquat-5 in the small-pore zeolite P1 is not energetically favorable. However, a remarkable match between the conformation of guest molecule and the geometry of the host structure is observed for the medium-pore zeolites SUZ-4 and ZSM-57, revealing the existence of organic structure-directing effect. The overall results of this study suggest that conformations available to the flexible, linear organic cation like Et6-diquat-5 may differ considerably according to the type and concentration of alkali cations present in the zeolite synthesis mixture, which is a critical factor affecting the phase selectivity of the crystallization. It thus appears that the modification of conformations of flexible organic structure-directing agents by varying the type and concentration of alkali cations may be an area of considerable possibility for finding new zeolite structures.
Scalar and Parallel Optimized Implementation of the Direct Simulation Monte Carlo Method (1996)

This paper describes a new concept for the implementation of the direct simulation Monte Carlo (DSMC) method. It uses a localized data structure based on a computational cell to achieve high performance, especially on workstation processors, which can also be used in parallel. Since the data structure makes it possible to freely assign any cell to any processor, a domain decomposition can be found with equal calculation load on each processor while maintaining minimal communication among the nodes. Further, the new implementation strictly separates physical modeling, geometrical issues, and organizational tasks to achieve high maintainability and to simplify future enhancements. Three example flow configurations are calculated with the new implementation to demonstrate its generality and performance. They include a flow through a diverging channel using an adapted unstructured triangulated grid, a flow around a planetary probe, and an internal flow in a contactor used in plasma physics. The results are validated either by comparison with results obtained from other simulations or by comparison with experimental data. High performance on an IBM SP2 system is achieved if problem size and number of parallel processors are adapted accordingly. On 400 nodes, DSMC calculations with more than 100 million particles are possible.
Recombinase‐mediated Gene Stacking as a Transformation Operating System<sup>F</sup> (2011)

The current method for combining transgenes into a genome is through the assortment of independent loci, a classical operating system compatible with transgenic traits created by different developers, at different times and/or through different transformation techniques. However, as the number of transgenic loci increases over time, increasingly larger populations are needed to find the rare individual with the desired assortment of transgenic loci along with the non-transgenic elite traits. Introducing a transgene directly into a field cultivar would bypass the need to introgress the engineered trait. However, this necessitates separate transformations into numerous field cultivars, along with the characterization and regulatory approval of each independent transformation event. Reducing the number of segregating transgenic loci could be achieved if multiple traits are introduced at the same time, a preferred option if each of the many traits is new or requires re-engineering. If re-engineering of previously introduced traits is not needed, then appending a new trait to an existing locus would be a rational strategy. The insertion of new DNA at a known locus can be accomplished by site-specific integration, through a host-dependent homology-based process, or a heterologous site-specific recombination system. Here, we discuss gene stacking through the use of site-specific recombinases.
Atomistic process modeling based on Kinetic Monte Carlo and Molecular Dynamics for optimization of advanced devices (2009)

Combined Molecular Dynamics and Kinetic Monte Carlo simulations are used in hierarchical models to gain physical understanding for process optimization in advanced devices. Thermal budget for the removal of defects in advanced millisecond anneals is evaluated. Alternatives to overcome the imperfect regrowth of narrow Si structures are proposed. The compromise between implant and anneal parameters for doping of FinFETs are presented, considering lateral diffusion and activation.
Advanced Materials for Space Applications (2005)

Since NASA was created in 1958, over 6400 patents have been issued to the agency--nearly one in a thousand of all patents ever issued in the United States. A large number of these inventions have focused on new materials that have made space travel and exploration of the moon, Mars, and the outer planets possible. In the last few years, the materials developed by NASA Langley Research Center embody breakthroughs in performance and properties that will enable great achievements in space. The examples discussed below offer significant advantages for use in small satellites, i.e., those with payloads under a metric ton. These include patented products such as LaRC SI, LaRC RP 46, LaRC RP 50, PETI-5, TEEK, PETI-330, LaRC CP, TOR-LM and LaRC LCR (patent pending). These and other new advances in nanotechnology engineering, self-assembling nanostructures and multifunctional aerospace materials are presented and discussed below, and applications with significant technological and commercial advantages are proposed.
Resveratrol-Mediated Gamma Interferon Reduction Prevents Airway Inflammation and Airway Hyperresponsiveness in Respiratory Syncytial Virus-Infected Immunocompromised Mice (2011)

Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is the most important cause of severe, lower respiratory tract infections in infants, and RSV infections have been associated with chronic wheezing and asthma during childhood. However, the mechanism of RSV-induced airway inflammation and airway hyperresponsiveness (AHR) is poorly understood. Furthermore, there are presently neither effective vaccines nor drugs available for the prevention or treatment of RSV infections. In this study, we investigated the effect of the plant extract resveratrol as a means of preventing airway inflammation and attenuating RSV-induced AHR. Our data showed that resveratrol reduced RSV lung titers and the number of infiltrating lymphocytes present in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) and reduced inflammation. Furthermore, resveratrol attenuated airway responses to methacholine following RSV infection and significantly decreased gamma interferon (IFN-γ) levels in BALF of RSV-infected mice. Data presented in this report demonstrated that resveratrol controlled Toll-like receptor 3 (TLR3) expression, inhibited the TRIF signaling pathway, and induced M2 receptor expression following RSV infection. These data support a role for the use of resveratrol as a means of reducing IFN-γ levels associated with RSV-mediated airway inflammation and AHR, which may be mediated via TLR3 signaling.
Effects of pH and Oxygen and Ammonium Concentrations on the Community Structure of Nitrifying Bacteria from Wastewater (1998)

Shifts in nitrifying community structure and function in response to different ammonium concentrations (50, 500, 1,000, and 3,000 mg of N liter-1), pH values (pH 6.0, 7.0, and 8.2), and oxygen concentrations (1, 7, and 21%) were studied in experimental reactors inoculated with nitrifying bacteria from a wastewater treatment plant. The abilities of the communities selected for these conditions to regain their original structures after conditions were returned to the original conditions were also determined. Changes in nitrifying community structure were determined by performing an amplified ribosomal DNA (rDNA) restriction analysis of PCR products obtained with ammonia oxidizer-specific rDNA primers, by phylogenetic probing, by small-subunit (SSU) rDNA sequencing, and by performing a cellular fatty acid analysis. Digestion of ammonia-oxidizer SSU rDNA with five restriction enzymes showed that a high ammonium level resulted in a great community structure change that was reversible once the ammonium concentration was returned to its original level. The smaller changes in community structure brought about by the two pH extremes, however, were irreversible. Sequence analysis revealed that the highest ammonium environment stimulated growth of a nitrifier strain that exhibited 92.6% similarity in a partial SSU rRNA sequence to its nearest relative, Nitrosomonas eutropha C-91, although the PCR product did not hybridize with a general phylogenetic probe for ammonia oxidizers belonging to the beta subgroup of the class Proteobacteria. A principal-component analysis of fatty acid methyl ester data detected changes from the starter culture in all communities under the new selective conditions, but after the standard conditions were restored, all communities produced the original fatty acid profiles.
Neoflavonoids from<i>Polygonum perfoliatum</i> (1999)

Four neoflavonoids, 3,4-dihydro-4-(4'-hydroxyphenyl)-5,7-dihydroxycoumarin (1), 3,4-dihydro-5-hydroxy-7-methoxy-4-(4'-methoxyphenyl)coumarin (2), 3,4-dihydro-5-hydroxy-4-(4'-hydroxyphenyl)-7-methoxycoumarin (3), and 3,4-dihydro-5,7-dihydroxy-4-(4'-methoxyphenyl)coumarin (4), were isolated from the whole plant of Polygonum perfoliatum. Neoflavonoids 1, 2, and 4 were known compounds, but 3 is a new member of this class.
Velocity-based variable thresholds for improving collision detection in manipulators (2014)

In absence of tactile and visual sensors, manipulators rely on dynamic modeling and force/torque sensors to detect collisions. Predicated upon the understanding that collision detection will be improved by removing the effects of torque sensor error and friction compensation error, we propose an approach to measure these undesired effects in external torque residual signals without resorting to remodeling of the robot. Compensation of these effects leads to the proposed velocity-based variable thresholds which are shown to detect collisions with better efficacy than uncompensated methods. Implementation of the proposed velocity-based variable thresholds on a torque sensor equipped robot validates our methodology.
OTP Based Cardless Transction using ATM (2019)

Banks provide ATM cards to customer to avail the services like cash withdrawal, PIN change, balance inquiry etc. But physical cards have some problems. It can be stolen, skimmed, cloned, hijacked, damaged or expired. Due to this problem, we need to think an alternate way to provide better security. Many researchers are thinking about cardless transaction through ATM. Iyabode et. al. [1] proposed a conceptual model for cardless Electronic ATM through which customer can do cash withdrawal, balance inquiry, fund transfer etc. We have analyzed their protocol and found some flaws on this. This protocol doesn’t specify what if it is off us transaction. Besides, customers get different categories of services but this protocol cannot determine which customer will get which category of services. That is why, inspired by this protocol we have proposed a modified model for getting same transaction facilities as exists which uses BPIN that will determine the bank identity (B) and a random Personal Identification Number (PIN) and One Time Password for authentication of the customer instead of biometric fingerprint because of major disadvantage of biometric authentication. And obviously it will use no card for accomplishing the transaction.
Extraction of arbitrary text in natural scene image based on stroke width transform (2014)

Text extraction plays an important role in numerous applications. Research on its method still need to be improved in order to achieve better performance, to increase the reliability of text extraction system and to deal with complex cases of text extraction. The majority of the text extraction methods are focusing on horizontal and near horizontal text lines; however, text in natural scene might be in arbitrary line in real time. Thus, this paper aims to solve the issue of extracting the arbitrary oriented text by suggesting a method for text detection and localization based on the Stroke Width Transform. The proposed method is tested on an arbitrary text dataset and ICDAR dataset. The result of the experiment shows that the proposed method adapts well to the arbitrary text.
Characterization of the <i>ams</i>I gene product as a low molecular weight acid phosphatase controlling exopolysaccharide synthesis of <i>Erwinia amylovora</i> (1997)

The ams region, responsible for amylovoran synthesis of the fireblight pathogen Erwinia amylovora, contains the gene amsI encoding a 144 amino acid protein with homology to mammalian low molecular weight acid phosphatases [Bugert and Geider (1995) Mol. Microbiol. 15, 917-9331. A DNA fragment with amsI was cloned under the control of the lac promoter on a high copy number plasmid. The gene product of amsl is about 17 kDa in a protein expression system and had the enzymatic activity of an acid phosphatase. This is the first report about a low molecular weight acid phosphatase activity in prokaryotes. As part of the large ams transcript, expression of amsI was affected by the activator proteins RcsA and RcsB. Overexpression of amsI in E. amylovora caused a strong increase of acid phosphatase activity, but additionally a strong reduction in EPS synthesis, phenotypically similar to a mutation in the gene. The gene product may participate in changes of phosphorylation required for the biosynthesis of EPS such as recycling the lipid carrier diphosphate to the monophosphate form.
Integrated Magnetic Self-Driven ZVS Nonisolated Full-Bridge Converter (2009)

This paper proposes a high-efficiency high-power-density voltage regulator (VR). An integrated magnetic self-driven full-bridge topology is employed as the main circuit. The proposed VR runs at a 700-kHz switching frequency for a 1 Unit Height (1U) form factor. A novel synchronous rectifier drive method is used to achieve high efficiency. The direct current resistance (DCR) current-sensing method is used for the integrated transformer to achieve adaptive voltage position. Compared with the traditional multiphase buck converter, the proposed solution has higher efficiency, a smaller passive component footprint, and a lower device cost. A 1U 700-kHz VR prototype is built in the laboratory, and it achieves 88.2% efficiency at a 1.2-V/130-A output. The experimental result verifies the theoretical analysis.
Extreme Multi-label Loss Functions for Recommendation, Tagging, Ranking & Other Missing Label Applications (2016)

The choice of the loss function is critical in extreme multi-label learning where the objective is to annotate each data point with the most relevant subset of labels from an extremely large label set. Unfortunately, existing loss functions, such as the Hamming loss, are unsuitable for learning, model selection, hyperparameter tuning and performance evaluation. This paper addresses the issue by developing propensity scored losses which: (a) prioritize predicting the few relevant labels over the large number of irrelevant ones; (b) do not erroneously treat missing labels as irrelevant but instead provide unbiased estimates of the true loss function even when ground truth labels go missing under arbitrary probabilistic label noise models; and (c) promote the accurate prediction of infrequently occurring, hard to predict, but rewarding tail labels. Another contribution is the development of algorithms which efficiently scale to extremely large datasets with up to 9 million labels, 70 million points and 2 million dimensions and which give significant improvements over the state-of-the-art. This paper's results also apply to tagging, recommendation and ranking which are the motivating applications for extreme multi-label learning. They generalize previous attempts at deriving unbiased losses under the restrictive assumption that labels go missing uniformly at random from the ground truth. Furthermore, they provide a sound theoretical justification for popular label weighting heuristics used to recommend rare items. Finally, they demonstrate that the proposed contributions align with real world applications by achieving superior clickthrough rates on sponsored search advertising in Bing.
The motility of glioblastoma tumour cells is modulated by intracellular cofilin expression in a concentration-dependent manner (2005)

The invasive behaviour of tumour cells has been attributed in part to dysregulated cell motility. Members of the ADF/Cofilin family of actin-binding proteins are known to increase microfilament dynamics by increasing the rate at which actin monomers leave the pointed end of the filament and by a filament-severing activity. As depolymerisation is a rate-limiting step in actin dynamics, ADF/Cofilins are suspected to facilitate the motility of cells. To test this, we investigated the influence of cofilin on tumour motility by transient and stably overexpressing cofilin in the human glioblastoma cell line, U373 MG. Several different methods were used to ascertain the level of cofilin in overexpressing clones and this was correlated with their rate of random locomotion. A biphasic relationship between cofilin level and locomotory rate was found. Clones that displayed a moderate amount of overproduction of cofilin were found to have increased rates of locomotion approximately linear to the overproduction of cofilin up to an optimal cofilin level of about 4.5 times that of wild type cells at which the cells were almost twice as fast. However, clones producing more than this optimal amount were found to locomote at progressively reduced speeds. Cells that overexpress cofilin have reduced stress fibres compared to control cells showing that the excess cofilin affects the actin cytoskeleton. We conclude that overexpression of cofilin enhances the motility of glioblastoma tumour cells in a concentration-dependent fashion, which is likely to contribute to their invasiveness.
Mobile phones assisting with health self-care (2008)

The applicability of pervasive and mobile computing in the health care sector is beyond dispute. This paper explores the use of the mobile phone as a tool for personalized health care assistance for individuals diagnosed with diabetes. By monitoring user location and activity on the mobile phone, recognizing past behavior and augmenting the logging of blood glucose levels with context data, our prototype application assists with taking well-informed decisions on daily drug dosage to achieve and maintain stable blood glucose levels. Evaluation of the prototype application indicate that a brief training of the application suffices to capture patterns in the user's relevant context that simplify glucose level trends analysis. We describe some of the details of the user study and the prototype application, and conclude with plans to investigate context-driven activity prediction to further improve the decision support for the user.
Evaluation of min/max instructions for fuzzy information processing (1996)

We report the results of dynamic measurements which evaluate the effectiveness of an application specific microprocessor for fuzzy control and fuzzy information processing. We propose to specialize an architecture of microprocessor for fuzzy theoretic operations using quantitative techniques developed by designers of reduced instruction set computer (RISC). In particular, an introduction of specialized instructions is considered. Experimental results show that we can achieve as high as 2.5 speed up of a program for fuzzy control by introducing two instructions-min and max.
Lithium-Ion Batteries: Thermal Reactions of Electrolyte with the Surface of Metal Oxide Cathode Particles (2006)

Thermal reactions between 1.0 M LiPF6 in 1:1:1 ethylene carbonate/dimethyl carbonate/diethyl carbonate and metal-oxide cathode particles were investigated by analyzing both the liquid electrolyte and solid cathode particles through the combined use of nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, gas chromatography with mass selective detection, scanning electron microscopy with energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and thermogravimetric analysis. The reactions between the electrolyte and cathode particles inhibit the thermal decomposition of the electrolyte and modify the surface of the cathode particles. The Li2 CO3 on the surface of the metal oxides is removed and replaced by a complex mixture including poly(ethylene oxide), polycarbonate, ROCO2 Li, LiF, and Lix POy Fz. Higher surface concentration of Li2 CO3 on LiNi0.8 Co0.2 O2 allows a fragile temperature-dependent equilibrium to be established, accounting for the thermal stability of the electrolyte. Higher temperature leads to more Lix POy Fz and less Li2 CO3 on the surface. With LiCoO2, no equilibrium is established due to lower surface concentration of Li2 CO3. Consequently, thermal reactions of the electrolyte with LiCoO2 generate decomposition products, including Lix POy Fz and cobalt fluorides on the surface and bulk electrolyte decomposition. Independent addition of Li2 CO3 enhances the thermal stability of the LiPF6 -based electrolyte, confirming the thermal-stabilizing properties of Li2 CO3 surface films. The addition of a carbonate solution of PF5 to LiNi0.8 Co0.2 O2 generates LiPF6 in the solution and Lix POy Fz on the surface. © 2006 The Electrochemical Society. All rights reserved.