gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
EFFECT OF FEMORAL HEAD SIZE ON HIP RANGE OF MOTION TO IMPINGEMENT (2017)

INTRODUCTION Femoral stem impingement can damage an acetabular liner, create polyethylene wear, and potentially lead to dislocation. To avoid component-to-component impingement, many surgeons aim to align acetabular cups based on the “Safe Zone” proposed by Lewinnek. However, a recent study indicates that the historical target values for cup inclination and anteversion defined by Lewinnek et al. may be useful but should not be considered a safe zone. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of altering femoral head size on hip range-of-motion (ROM) to impingement.

METHODS Ten healthy subjects were instrumented and asked to perform six motions commonly associated with hip dislocation, including picking up an object, squatting, and low-chair rising. Femur-to-pelvis relative motions were recorded throughout for flexion/extension, abduction/adduction, and internal/external rotation.

A previously reported custom, validated hip ROM three-dimensional simulator was utilized. The user imports implant models, and sets parameters for pelvic tilt, stem version, and specific motions as defined by the subjects. Acetabular cup orientations for abduction and anteversion combinations were chosen. The software was then used to compute minimum clearances or impingement between the components for any hip position.

Graphs for acetabular cup abduction vs. anteversion were generated using a tapered wedge stem with a 132o neck angle, a stem version of 15°, and a pelvic tilt of 0°. The only variable changed was femoral head size. Head sizes reviewed were 32mm, 36mm, and a Dual-Mobility liner with an effective head size of 42mm. All femoral head sizes can be used with a 50mm acetabular cup.

RESULTS We found that the “Safe Zone” varies considerably depending on the size of the femoral head used for all subjects. A typical plot illustrating the ROM to impingement is presented in Figures 1a-1c. The area to the left of each curve represents an impingement zone for that motion, and to the right, a non-impingement zone. In all cases the non-impingement area is smaller than the Lewinnek safe zone. Motions like picking up an object and squatting had the greatest influence on impingement.

CONCLUSIONS The true acetabular target for impingement-avoidance motion is much smaller than previously believed and identifies the need to take into account the size of the femoral head to be used. This may explain why approximately 70% of dislocations have been reported to be found even when cups were placed within the Lewinnek safe zone. Certain activities, such as picking up an object and squatting reduce the size of the safe zone. This study supports the need for better patient planning and intraoperative execution for placement of the acetabular component.
Computational Cannula Microscopy: Utilizing a Simple Glass Needle for Imaging (2018)

Existing brain imaging sensors are either limited in their depth, resolution, and/or inflict trauma. To improve on these limitations, we demonstrate fluorescent microscopy through an optical cannula for deep tissue imaging.
Phase-resolved OCT/ODT for imaging tissue microcirculation (2000)

Summary form only given. Optical Doppler tomography (ODT), also termed Doppler optical coherence tomography (D-OCT), is a recently developed optical technique for imaging both tissue structure and flow velocity of moving particles in highly scattering media. However, previous ODT systems have been unable to achieve simultaneously both high imaging speed and high velocity sensitivity, which are essential for measuring flow in small blood vessels of human skin. In this report, we describe a novel phase-resolved OCT/ODT system that uses phase information derived from a Hilbert transformation to image blood now in human skin with fast-scanning speed and high velocity sensitivity.
Bioabsorbable surgical composite materials (1992)

Biomaterials , materials that are used in medical devices such as surgical implants, are often no longer biostable materials, for example metals or plastics, but bioabsorbable materials, which are degraded and digested in the body. These have the advantage that an operation to remove implants such as bone fracture fixation pins, screws and plates can be avoided. The work is aimed at developing self‐reinforced bioabsorbable composites for use in fracture fixation, and in creating new tissues and artificial organs.
Robust Multiscale AM-FM Demodulation of Digital Images (2007)

In this paper, we introduce new multiscale AM-FM demodulation algorithms that provide significant improvements in accuracy over previously reported approaches. The improvements are due to the use of new filterbanks based on separable filters supported in just two quadrants. The QEA, robust-QEA and Vakman methods are improved with this new filterbanks. A number of 2-D AM-FM examples are presented, where we observe significant accuracy improvements. For Lena, the mean-square-error for the AM-FM harmonic reconstruction is reduced by 88.31%. Similarly, for a AM-FM synthetic example of sinusoidal phase and Gaussian amplitude, the meansquare-error is reduced by: (i) 70.86% for the reconstruction, (ii) 99.66% for the instantaneous amplitude and (iii) 96.52% for the sinusoidal instantaneous frequency component.
Efficient polar coded spatial multiplexing (2018)

This paper explores the design of efficient capacity achieving polar codes for multiple input multiple output (MIMO) channels and schemes for polar coded spatial multiplexing (PCSM). For polar code construction, the singular value decomposition (SVD) of a given MIMO channel into multiple independent single input single output (SISO) channels is considered as the first step of natural polarization. Firstly, we propose a basic PCSM scheme by constructing a polar code for each independent SISO channel. Then, we extend the scheme by using compound polar codes to construct a unified PCSM scheme for MIMO channels. Further, we present a novel approach for constructing an optimal compound polar codes which minimize block error rate (BLER) for a given N <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">R</sup> × N <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">T</sup> MIMO channel. Simulation results reveal that the extended schemes achieve at least 1.5 dB gain in terms of BLER with lesser computational complexity as compared to the basic scheme.
Post-Combustion and Pre-Combustion CO2 Capture Solid Sorbents (2007)

Combustion of fossil fuels is one of the major sources of the greenhouse gas CO2. Pressure swing adsorption/sorption (PSA/PSS) and temperature swing adsorption/sorption (TSA/TSS) are some of the potential techniques that could be utilized for removal of CO2 from fuel gas streams. It is very important to develop sorbents to remove CO2 from fuel gas streams that are applicable for a wide range of temperatures. NETL researchers have developed novel CO2 capture sorbents for low, moderate, and high temperature applications. A novel liquid impregnated solid sorbent was developed for CO2 removal in the temperature range of ambient to 60 °C. The sorbent is regenerable at 60 – 80 °C. The sorbent formulations were prepared to be suitable for various reactor configurations (i.e., fixed and fluidized bed). Minimum fluidization gas velocities were also determined. Multi-cycle tests conducted in an atmospheric bench scale reactor with simulated flue gas indicated that the sorbent retains its CO2 sorption capacity with a CO2 removal efficiency of approximately 99% and was unaffected by presence of water vapor. The sorbent was subsequently commercially prepared by Süd Chemie to determine the viability of the sorbent for mass production. Subsequent testing showed that the commercially-synthesized sorbent possesses the same properties as the lab-synthesized equivalent. An innovative solid sorbent containing mixture of alkali earth and alkali compounds was developed for CO2 removal at 200 – 315°C from high pressure gas streams suitable for IGCC systems. The sorbent showed very high capacity for CO2 removal from a gas streams containing 28% CO2 at 200 °C and at 20 atm during a lab scale reactor test. This sorbent can be regenerated at 20 atm and at 375 °C utilizing a gas stream containing steam. High pressure enhanced the CO2 sorption process. Bench scale testing showed consistent capacities and regenerability. A unique high temperature solid sorbent was developed for CO2 capture at temperatures of 500 – 700°C. Bench scale testing of the sorbent yielded very high CO2 capture capacity from a gas stream containing 10% CO2, 30% H2, 15% H2O, and 25% He. Regeneration of the sorbent is possible at 800 – 900 °C.
Effect of Magnetic Field in Malaria Diagnosis Using Magnetic Nanoparticles (2011)

The current gold standard method of Malaria diagnosis relies on the blood smears examination. The method is labor-intensive, time consuming and requires the expertise for data interpretation. In contrast, Raman scattering from a metabolic byproduct of the malaria parasite (Hemozoin) shows the possibility of rapid and objective diagnosis of malaria. However, hemozoin concentration is usually extremely low especially at the early stage of malaria infection, rendering weak Raman signal.In this work, we propose the sensitive detection of enriched β-hematin, whose spectroscopic properties are equivalent to hemozoin, based on surface enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) by using magnetic nanoparticles. A few orders of magnitude enhancement in the Raman signal of β-hematin can be achieved using magnetic nanoparticles. Furthermore, the effect of magnetic field on SERS enhancement is investigated. Our result demonstrates the potential of SERS using magnetic nanoparticles in the effective detection of hemozoin for malaria diagnosis.
Hand gesture recognition using depth data (2004)

A method is presented for recognizing hand gestures by using a sequence of real-time depth image data acquired by an active sensing hardware. Hand posture and motion information extracted from a video is represented in a gesture space which consists of a number of aspects including hand shape, location and motion information. In this space, it is shown to be possible to recognize many types of gestures. Experimental results are shown to validate our approach and characteristics of our approach are discussed.
Recent operating experience with Flexicracking commercial developments in short contact time catalytic cracking (1994)

Short contact time (SCT) catalytic cracking applications have been receiving high attention in recent years, with a large number of revamps of existing FCCU's as well as construction of new facilities. This paper will recap some of these developments and discuss the benefits demonstrated by the application of state-of-the-art riser termination, stripping, and feed injection technologies. Commercial projects demonstrating fast-track project execution, and confirming the outstanding improvements in yields and yield selectivities possible, will also be discussed.
Low Temperature Deposition of Ge Thin Films for Phase Change Memory (2007)

The deposition of Ge-Sb-Te (GST) chalcogenide alloys in high aspect-ratio trench structures via CVD and ALD-like processes has attracted great attention for their application in next generation non-volatile Phase Change Random Access Memory (PRAM) devices. Several Ge (II) silylamido precursors were synthesized and characterized, and their behaviors in thermal CVD processes explored. Of these, a novel Ge precursor - bis (2,2,5,5-tetramethyl-2,5-disila-1-azacyclopentanide) germanium (II) was found to give a deposition rate of 1 Aå/min at 320 ºC by using NH3 as a co-reactant gas. Deposition rates below 0.1 Aå/min at these temperatures were obtained in the presence of H2 or an inert gas, which means this precursor exhibits the co-reactant limited deposition which is desirable for good step-coverage and uniform film growth in ALD. Data will be presented on deposition rates vs. temperature using this precursor and compared with two other bis(silylamido) germanium precursors. Preliminary results on the deposition of GeTe binary films will also be presented.
Role of Polyvinylpyrrolidone in Dissolving Microneedle for Efficient Transdermal Drug Delivery: <i>In vitro</i> and Clinical Studies (2018)

The purpose of this study is to find an optimum composition of microneedles that penetrate the skin and rapidly dissolve within the cutaneous layer in a few minutes. A micromolding method was introduced to prepare drug‐loaded dissolving microneedles by using biocompatible, water‐soluble polymers such as carboxymethylcellulose, hyaluronic acid, and polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP). The microneedles had a sharp structure with a needle tip of about 5 μm. The microneedles penetrated into the skin with 90% skin penetration rate, and they were dissolved within minutes to release the drug. An increase in the content of PVP in the microneedle increased the dissolution rate of the microneedles in the skin and the needle strength to penetrate the skin, and resulted in an increased skin permeation of the drug. The drug‐loaded microneedles were applied to the wrinkles shown around the eyes (crow's feet) of female subjects for 8 weeks, and we observed statistically significant disappearance of wrinkle after 4 weeks. The newly developed dissolving needles showed efficient drug delivery and can be considered a valuable, high‐functioning, potential wrinkle improving treatment.
Calibration and Prediction of Streaming-Server Performance (2005)

performance evaluation, server modeling, streaming media Streaming media is gaining in popularity for viewing both, video-ondemand content as well as live Webcasts. Streaming servers must meet strict data-delivery timing constraints in order to provide acceptable viewing quality. These constraints can be achieved only if the servers are not allowed to exceed their operational saturation point. At the same time, providers of streaming services need to maximize the use of their infrastructure to remain cost-effective. These competing goals motivate development of detailed models that predict server saturation points under extremely diverse workloads. Due to the intricate effects of distinct usage patterns on low-level measurements, no single server-side or client-side metric can adequately predict saturation for a non-controlled mixture of workloads. Furthermore, the dynamically changing nature of streaming workloads render simple linear statistics inadequate. Instead, we propose a methodology that can build predictive models using a relatively small number of calibration workloads. These models include both server- and client-side metrics and are accurate in predicting server performance, not only for the calibration workloads but also for arbitrary mixtures. We contend that the strength of our approach to modeling streaming-server behavior is its highly data-driven nature. The same calibration regime and modeling method are shown to be applicable to different streaming servers and across the wide variety of workloads seen in today&apos;s environments.
A novel analysis method of bus signal transmission and a proposal for high-speed low-power bus circuit (2003)

This paper proposes a novel analysis method of bus signal transmission and a high-speed bus circuit with low-power consumption. The novel analysis method utilizes the relation between frequency responses of a bus circuit and pulse waveform distortions when the signal is transmitted on the bus circuit. The proposed analysis method is used to find out the worst case of the bus transmission and to enable the SPICE simulation of bus circuits at the maximum transfer rate, which was evaluated by examining a conventional driver-end terminated bus circuit. The proposed high-speed low-power bus circuit is a looped bus circuit with non-power-dissipated terminations. The proposed bus circuit can achieve data transmission at 400M transfer/s, while the conventional driver-end terminated bus circuit transmits at below 160M transfer/s.
Laser direct-write for fabrication of three-dimensional paper-based devices (2016)

We report the use of a laser-based direct-write (LDW) technique that allows the design and fabrication of three-dimensional (3D) structures within a paper substrate that enables implementation of multi-step analytical assays via a 3D protocol. The technique is based on laser-induced photo-polymerisation, and through adjustment of the laser writing parameters such as the laser power and scan speed we can control the depths of hydrophobic barriers that are formed within a substrate which, when carefully designed and integrated, produce 3D flow paths. So far, we have successfully used this depth-variable patterning protocol for stacking and sealing of multi-layer substrates, for assembly of backing layers for two-dimensional (2D) lateral flow devices and finally for fabrication of 3D devices. Since the 3D flow paths can also be formed via a single laser-writing process by controlling the patterning parameters, this is a distinct improvement over other methods that require multiple complicated and repetitive assembly procedures. This technique is therefore suitable for cheap, rapid and large-scale fabrication of 3D paper-based microfluidic devices.
Practical solid oxide fuel cells with anodes derived from self-assembled mesoporous-NiO-YSZ (2002)

Solid oxide fuel cells comprised of an anode made from sintered and reduced mesoporous-NiO-YSZ are shown to provide stable current and power densities at the operating temperature of 800 degrees C and show better performance than cells with anode cermets made from mechanical mixtures of NiO and YSZ, attributable to the unique anode microstructure.
Automated High Multiplex qPCR Platform for Simultaneous Detection and Quantification of Multiple Nucleic Acid Targets (2012)

Quantitative PCR (qPCR) using real-time detection of amplification is limited to a small number of targets within a single reaction. The ICEPlex system, using our scalable target analysis routine (STAR) technology, was developed to provide an automated, high multiplexing PCR solution. ICEPlex combines PCR thermal cycling with dynamic, sequential amplicon separation by capillary electrophoresis and two-color quantitative detection in a single integrated system. In contrast to probe-based qPCR, ICEPlex directly measures amplicon accumulation through incorporation of labeled primers. Three orders of magnitude of optical detection range and at least 7 logs of detectable target concentration range are demonstrated. The system can separate more than 50 amplicons per color channel, ranging from 100 to 500 bases, providing broad multiplexing capabilities for a wide spectrum of nucleic acid amplification applications. ICEPlex can be used for analysis of viral DNA or RNA targets, detection of genetic variants, and for reverse-transcriptase PCR gene expression panels.
Optimization and evaluation of reference region variable flip angle (RR‐VFA) and <i>T</i><sub>1</sub> Mapping in the Prostate at 3T (2016)

3 J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2017;45:751-760.
Synthesis and Structure−Activity Relationships of 1-Arylmethyl-5-aryl-6-methyluracils as Potent Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone Receptor Antagonists (2004)

Based on the SAR from bicyclic gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) antagonists such as 6-aminomethyl-7-aryl-pyrrolo[1,2-a]pyrimid-4-ones (5) and 2-aryl-3-aminomethyl-imidazolo[1,2-a]pyrimid-5-ones (6a,b), a series of novel uracil compounds (8) were derived as GnRH antagonists. The synthesis and SAR studies of 6-methyluracils as human GnRH receptor antagonists are discussed herein. Introduction of a small methyl substituent at the beta-position of the N3 side-chain improved the GnRH binding potency by 5-10-fold. Introduction of a methyl group of (R)-configuration at the alpha-carbon of the N-3 side-chain gave a modest improvement in binding affinity over the unsubstituted ethylene analogues. This modification enabled us to make uracil compounds without the labile 2-pyridylethyl motif on the basic nitrogen while still maintained excellent potency against the hGnRH receptor.
Development of a catheter for combined intravascular ultrasound and photoacoustic imaging (2010)

Atherosclerosis is characterized by formation and development of the plaques in the inner layer of the vessel wall. To detect and characterize atherosclerotic plaques, we previously introduced the combined intravascular ultrasound (IVUS) and intravascular photoacoustic (IVPA) imaging capable of assessing plaque morphology and composition. The utility of IVUS/IVPA imaging has been demonstrated by imaging tissue-mimicking phantoms and ex vivo arterial samples using laboratory prototype of the imaging system. However, the clinical realization of a IVUS/IVPA imaging requires an integrated intravascular imaging catheter. In this paper, two designs of IVUS/IVPA imaging catheters--side fire fiber-based and mirror-based catheters--are reported. A commercially available IVUS imaging catheter was utilized for both pulse-echo ultrasound imaging and detection of photoacoustic transients. Laser pulses were delivered by custom-designed fiber-based optical systems. The optical fiber and IVUS imaging catheter were combined into a single device. Both designs were tested and compared using point targets and tissue-mimicking phantoms. The results indicate applicability of the proposed catheters for clinical use.
TIRC7 Pathway as a Target for Preventing Allograft Rejection (2005)

A number of leukocyte surface molecules play an essential role during immune activation. Targeting of these molecules utilizing antibodies serves as a specific therapeutic approach for the treatment of a variety of human diseases. Antibodies targeting a number of leukocyte surface molecules were shown to induce tolerance to transplants in several animal models. A novel membrane molecule, T-cell immune response cDNA 7 (TIRC7), has been shown to be an essential protein in the regulation of lymphocyte activation. TIRC7 does not share any homology with other known membrane proteins expressed during the course of lymphocyte activation and does not belong to any of the known costimulatory, cytokine, chemokine or receptor families. TIRC7, a highly conserved protein across species, is expressed in immune tissues such as spleen, lymph nodes, and T and B lymphocytes. Antibodies against extracellular domains of TIRC7 prolong allograft survival in rat and mouse transplantation models. The prevention of rejection is mediated at least partially via induction of cytotoxic T lymphocyte antigen 4 (CTLA4) in T cells. Functional cellular assays utilizing TIRC7-deficient mice splenocytes show that TIRC7 does have an impact not only on T-cell, but also on B-cell response. Subtherapeutic amounts of FK506 and anti-TIRC7 monoclonal antibody prolong graft survival, suggesting synergistic effects with calcineurin inhibitors. Targeting TIRC7 with monoclonal antibody might serve as a promising therapeutic strategy for preventing allograft rejection in humans and treatment of other immune-related diseases. Acutely rejected human kidney allografts show strong expression of TIRC7 despite treatment with calcineurin inhibitors. Therefore, monitoring TIRC7 expression may facilitate an early diagnostic tool of acute rejection. TIRC7 seems to belong to a group of targets with dual roles in disease pathogenesis, so-called theranostics, which can be utilized to treat and diagnose diseases.