gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Restless Legs Syndrome: <i>A Review</i> (2006)

ABSTRACT Restless legs syndrome (RLS) is a sensorimotor disorder characterized by an irresistible urge to move the limbs accompanied by uncomfortable sensations, leading to sleep disturbances. It is associated with psychiatric comorbidities and a decreased quality of life. RLS is common and most severe among females and the elderly. It may be primary or secondary to other conditions and may be familial. Linkage to several chromosomal loci have been demonstrated. The pathogenesis of RLS involves dopaminergic dysfunction, iron metabolism, and abnormalities in supraspinal inhibition. The mainstay of RLS therapy are dopamine agonists or levodopa.This article reviews the clinical characteristics, epidemiology, diagnosis, pathogenesis, and treatment of RLS.
Relation between longitudinal, circumferential, and oblique shortening and torsional deformation in the left ventricle of the transplanted human heart. (1989)

The present study was designed to investigate the anisotropy of systolic chord shortening in the lateral, inferior, septal, and anterior regions of the human left ventricle. At the time of surgery, 12 miniature radiopaque markers were implanted into the left ventricular midwall of the donor heart in 15 cardiac transplant recipients. Postoperative biplane cineradiograms were computer-analyzed to yield the three-dimensional coordinates of these markers at 16.7-msec intervals. In each of the four left ventricular regions, chords were constructed from a central marker to outlying markers, and the percent systolic shortening of each chord was calculated. In each region, chord angles were measured with respect to the circumferential direction (positive angles counterclockwise) and each chord was assigned to one of four angular groups: I. oblique, -45 +/- 22.5 degrees or 135 +/- 22.5 degrees; II. circumferential, 0 +/- 22.5 degrees or 180 +/- 22.5 degrees; III. oblique, 45 +/- 22.5 degrees or -135 +/- 22.5 degrees; or IV. longitudinal, 90 +/- 22.5 degrees. In the lateral, inferior, and septal regions, respectively, systolic shortening (mean +/- SD%) was significantly greater in Group I chords (19 +/- 5%, 17 +/- 5%, and 15 +/- 4%) than those in Group II (15 +/- 5%, 12 +/- 4%, and 11 +/- 4%), Group III (12 +/- 4%, 12 +/- 5%, and 11 +/- 4%), or Group IV (13 +/- 5%, 13 +/- 6%, and 12 +/- 5%). The anterior region was unique in exhibiting equal shortening in both Group I and Group II chords (16 +/- 5%), although the shortening of these chords was significantly greater than that of Group III and Group IV (12 +/- 5%) in this region. A cylindrical mathematical model was developed to relate longitudinal, circumferential, and oblique systolic shortening to torsional deformation about the long axis of the left ventricle. Torsional deformations measured in these 15 hearts were of sufficient magnitude and correct sense to agree with model predictions. These data suggest that torsional deformations of the left ventricle are of fundamental importance in linking the one-dimensional contraction of the helically wound myocytes to the three-dimensional anisotropic systolic shortening encountered in the transplanted human heart.
In Vitro Interactions between Tacrolimus and Azoles against <i>Candida albicans</i> Determined by Different Methods (2007)

Combination therapy could be of use for the treatment of fungal infections, especially those caused by drug-resistant fungi. However, the methods and approaches used for data generation and result interpretation need further optimizing. The fractional inhibitory concentration index (FICI) is the most commonly used method, but it has several drawbacks in characterizing antifungal drug interaction. Alternatively, some new methods can be used such as the DeltaE model (difference between the predicted and measured fungal growth percentages) and the response surface approach, which uses the concentration-effect relationship over the whole concentration range instead of just the MIC. In the present study, in vitro interactions between tacrolimus (FK506) and three azoles-fluconazole (FLC), itraconazole (ITR), and voriconazole (VRC)-against Candida albicans were evaluated by the checkerboard microdilution method and time-killing test. The intensity of the interactions was determined by visual reading and the spectrophotometric method in a checkerboard assay, and the nature of the interactions was assessed by nonparametric models of FICI and DeltaE. Colony counting and colorimetric viable detection methods (2,3-bis {2-methoxy-4-nitro-5-[(sulfenylamino) carbonyl]-2H-tetrazolium hydroxide} [XTT] reduction test) were used for evaluating the combination antifungal effects over time. Synergistic and indifferent effects were found for the combination of FK506 and azoles against azole-sensitive strains, while strong synergy was found against azole-resistant strains analyzed by FICI. The DeltaE model gave more consistent results with FICI. The positive interactions were also confirmed by the time-killing test. Our findings suggest a potential role for combination therapy with calcineurin pathway inhibitors and azoles to augment activity against resistant C. albicans.
Design and Application of Compliant Mechanisms for Surgical Tools (2005)

This paper introduces the benefits of exploiting elasticity in the engineering design of surgical tools, in general, and of minimally invasive procedures, in particular. Compliant mechanisms are jointless mechanisms that rely on elastic deformation to transmit forces and motion. The lack of traditional joints in these single-piece flexible structures offers many benefits, including the absence of wear debris, pinch points, crevices, and lubrication. Such systems are particularly amenable to embedded sensing for haptic feedback and embedded actuation with active-material actuators. The paper provides an overview of design synthesis methods developed at the Compliant Systems Design Laboratory and focuses specifically on surgical applications. Compliant systems have potential to integrate. well within the constraints of laparoscopic procedures and telerobotic surgery. A load-path representation is used within a genetic algorithm to solve two gripper example problems. In addition, the paper illustrates the design and construction of an organ (kidney) manipulator for use in minimally invasive procedures.
Machine learning techniques in eating behavior e-coaching (2017)

The rise of internet and mobile technologies (such as smartphones) provide a harness of data and an opportunity to learn about peoples’ states, behavior, and context in regard to several application areas such as health. Eating behavior is an area that can benefit from the development of effective e-coaching applications which utilize psychological theories and data science techniques. In this paper, we propose a framework of how machine learning techniques can effectively be used in order to fully exploit data collected from a mobile application (“Think Slim”) which is designed to assess eating behavior using experience sampling methods. The overall goal is to analyze individual states of a person status (emotions, location, activity, etc.) and assess their impact on unhealthy eating. Building on data collected from different participants, a classification algorithm (decision tree tailored to longitudinal data) is used to warn people prior to a possible unhealthy eating event and a clustering algorithm (hierarchical agglomerative clustering) is used for profiling the participants and generalize for new users of the application. Finally, a framework to offer feedback via adaptive messages (intervention) and recommendations prior to possible unhealthy eating events is presented. Results from applying our methods reveal that participants can be clustered to six robust groups based on their eating behavior and that there are specific rules that discriminate which conditions lead to healthy versus unhealthy eating. Consequently, these rules can be utilized to provide adaptive semi-tailored feedback to users who, through this method, are assisted in learning under which conditions are more prone to unhealthy eating. Effectiveness of the approach is confirmed by observing a decreasing trend in rule activation towards the end of intervention period.
Cardiomyocyte-Restricted Deletion of PPAR<i>β</i>/<i>δ</i>in PPAR<i>α</i>-Null Mice Causes Impaired Mitochondrial Biogenesis and Defense, but No Further Depression of Myocardial Fatty Acid Oxidation (2011)

It is well documented that PPARα and PPARβ/δ share overlapping functions in regulating myocardial lipid metabolism. However, previous studies demonstrated that cardiomyocyte-restricted PPARβ/δ deficiency in mice leads to severe cardiac pathological development, whereas global PPARα knockout shows a benign cardiac phenotype. It is unknown whether a PPARα-null background would alter the pathological development in mice with cardiomyocyte-restricted PPARβ/δ deficiency. In the present study, a mouse model with long-term PPARβ/δ deficiency in PPARα-null background showed a comparably reduced cardiac expression of lipid metabolism to those of single PPAR-deficient mouse models. The PPARα-null background did not rescue or aggravate the cardiac pathological development linked to cardiomyocyte-restricted PPARβ/δ deficiency. Moreover, PPARα-null did not alter the phenotypic development in adult mice with the short-term deletion of PPARβ/δ in their hearts, which showed mitochondrial abnormalities, depressed cardiac performance, and cardiac hypertrophy with attenuated expression of key factors in mitochondrial biogenesis and defense. The present study demonstrates that cardiomyocyte-restricted deletion of PPARβ/δ in PPARα-null mice causes impaired mitochondrial biogenesis and defense, but no further depression of fatty acid oxidation. Therefore, PPARβ/δ is essential for maintaining mitochondrial biogenesis and defense in cardiomyocytes independent of PPARα.
Transmembrane adaptor protein PAG is a mediator of PD-1 inhibitory signaling in human T cells (2021)

The inhibitory receptor PD-1 is expressed on T cells to inhibit select functions when ligated. The complete signaling mechanism downstream of PD-1 has yet to be uncovered. Here, we discovered phosphoprotein associated with glycosphingolipid-enriched microdomains 1 (PAG) is phosphorylated following PD-1 ligation and associate this with inhibitory T cell function. Clinical cohort analysis correlates low PAG expression with increased survival from numerous tumor types. PAG knockdown in T cells prevents PD-1-mediated inhibition of cytokine secretion, cell adhesion, CD69 expression, and ERK<sub>204/187</sub> phosphorylation, and enhances phosphorylation of SRC<sub>527</sub> following PD-1 ligation. PAG overexpression rescues these effects. In vivo, PAG contributes greatly to the growth of two murine tumors, MC38 and B16, and limits T cell presence within the tumor. Moreover, PAG deletion sensitizes tumors to PD-1 blockade. Here PAG is established as a critical mediator of PD-1 signaling and as a potential target to enhance T cell activation in tumors.
Soluble and high molecular weight polyaniline (1989)

M. Abe, A. Ohtani, Y. Umemoto, S. Akizuki, M. Ezoe, H. Higuchi, K. Nakamoto, A. Okuno and Y. Noda, J. Chem. Soc., Chem. Commun., 1989, 1736 DOI: 10.1039/C39890001736
Bailliere's comprehensive veterinary dictionary (1988)

A comprehensive veterinary dictionary encompassing vocabulary on all aspects of veterinary science. The book has over 52,000 entries with clear definitions and extensive cross-referencing covering small, large and exotic animal information. It extensive coverage ensures that the reader has an essential companion for constant use to check spellings, find meanings to unfamiliar terms and as an aid to study. The major topics include definitions and helpful clinical and scientific information. The extensive appendices are a unique source of laboratory services, anatomy, clinical data and measurement conversions. The authors are international authorities in large animal medicine and small animal practice respectively. With help from other experts in specialist fields, the coverage and detail in this dictionary make it a reference guide for all those with an interest in the field.
Monocyte chemoattractant protein-1–induced angiogenesis is mediated by vascular endothelial growth factor-A (2004)

Monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1) has been recognized as an angiogenic chemokine. In the present study, we investigated the detailed mechanism by which MCP-1 induces angiogenesis. We found that MCP-1 up-regulated hypoxia-inducible factor 1 alpha (HIF-1 alpha) gene expression in human aortic endothelial cells (HAECs), which induced vascular endothelial growth factor-A(165) (VEGF-A(165)) expression in the aortic wall and HAECs through activation of p42/44 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK). In vivo angiogenesis assay using chick chorioallantoic membrane (CAM) showed that MCP-1-induced angiogenesis was as potent as that induced by VEGF-A(165) and completely inhibited by a VEGF inhibitor, Flt(2-11). The inhibition of RhoA small G protein did not affect MCP-1-induced VEGF-A(165) production and secretion but completely blocked both MCP-1- and VEGF-A-induced new vessel formation, as determined by CAM assay. These results suggest that MCP-1-induced angiogenesis is composed largely of 2 sequential steps: the induction of VEGF-A gene expression by MCP-1 and the subsequent VEGF-A-induced angiogenesis.
An Analysis of Electric Assist Control Strategy for Hybrid Electric Vehicles and Simulation (2004)

The paper presents an analysis of electric assist control strategy for hybrid electric vehicles and makes an analysis of simulation on advisor platform.
Primitives for the dynamic evolution of component-based applications (2007)

Due to the coarse granularity of components-based applications, components platforms are good candidates for enabling dynamic software evolution. The LuckyJ platform was designed to allow the dynamic evolution of applications. It implements the three primitives load, remove and replace to modify the components set. The design and implementation of a web server outlined several evolution patterns that should be integrated in LuckyJ to ease the task of maintainers and developers of applications that evolve dynamically. This leads to the definition of additional primitives as well as a language that could be used to automate the updating process in such a dynamic setting.
Assessing the Values of Blueberries Intake on Exercise Performance, TAS, and Inflammatory Factors. (2018)

The blueberry supplementation can potentially increase the exercise performance and decrease the IL-6 and CRP levels caused by an increased TAS level.
The evolution of blackjack strategies (2004)

We investigate the evolution of a blackjack player. We utilise three neural networks (one for splitting, one for doubling down and one for standing/hitting) to evolve blackjack strategies. Initially a pool of randomly generated players play 1000 hands of blackjack. An evolutionary strategy is used to mutate the best networks (with the worst networks being killed). We compare the best evolved strategies to other well-known strategies and show that we can beat the play of an average casino player. We also show that we are able to learn parts of Thorpe's basic strategy.
Statistical Process Control of Batch Processes (1995)

Multivariate statistical procedures for the analysis and monitoring of batch and semi-batch processes are developed. The only information needed to exploit the procedures is a historical database of past successful batches. Projection methods based on principal component analysis and partial least squares are utilized to compress the information contained in the multivariate trajectory data and final product qualities, by projecting them onto low dimensional spaces. When additional information about the initial conditions and set-up of the batch process is available, multi-block approaches can be used to integrate the additional data into the proposed schemes. The proposed methodology facilitates the analysis of operational and quality control problems in past batches, and allows for the development of simple multivariate statistical process control charts for on-line monitoring of the progress of new batches. Control limits for the proposed charts are developed using information from the historical reference distribution of past successful batches. The approach is capable of detecting subtle changes in the batch operation, and provides procedures for diagnosing assignable causes for the occurrence of observable upsets. The method's potential in analyzing past batches and tracking the progress of new batch runs, is illustrated through a simulation example and data collected from industrial polymerization reactors.
Nb/AlO<i>x</i>/Nb trilayer process for the fabrication of submicron Josephson junctions and low-noise dc SQUIDs (1991)

A trilayer deposition process for making high quality all-refractory Nb/AlOx/Nb Josephson junctions is described. The sputtering parameters were optimized to deposit very uniform Al films, less than 5 nm in thickness. We found that it was essential to keep the substrate temperature below 40 °C during Al deposition but not during Nb depositions. Rapid anodization of the Nb counterelectrode allowed us to use positive photoresist as an anodization mask even for submicron geometries. The dc superconducting quantum interference devices made with this process have the lowest intrinsic energy sensitivity reported to date for an all-refractory technology.
A NETWORK VIEW ON PARKINSON'S DISEASE (2013)

Network-based systems biology tools including Pathway Studio 9.0 were used to identify Parkinson's disease (PD) critical molecular players, drug targets, and underlying biological processes. Utilizing several microarray gene expression datasets, biomolecular networks such as direct interaction, shortest path, and microRNA regulatory networks were constructed and analyzed for the disease conditions. Network topology analysis of node connectivity and centrality revealed in combination with the guilt-by-association rule 17 novel genes of PD-potential interest. Seven new microRNAs (miR-132, miR-133a1, miR-181-1, miR-182, miR-218-1, miR-29a, and miR-330) related to Parkinson's disease were identified, along with more microRNA targeted genes of interest like RIMS3, SEMA6D and SYNJ1. David and IPA enrichment analysis of KEGG and canonical pathways provided valuable mechanistic information emphasizing among others the role of chemokine signaling, adherence junction, and regulation of actin cytoskeleton pathways. Several routes for possible disease initiation and neuro protection mechanisms triggered via the extra-cellular ligands such as CX3CL1, SEMA6D and IL12B were thus uncovered, and a dual regulatory system of integrated transcription factors and microRNAs mechanisms was detected.
On filtration for high-energy phase-contrast x-ray imaging (2015)

Phase-sensitive x-ray imaging promises unprecedented soft-tissue contrast and resolution. However, several practical challenges have to be overcome when using the setup in a clinical environment. The system design that is currently closest to clinical use is the grating-based Talbot-Lau interferometer (GBI).<sup>1-3</sup> The requirements for patient imaging are low patient dose, fast imaging time, and high image quality. For GBI, these requirements can be met most successfully with a narrow energy width, high- ux spectrum. Additionally, to penetrate a human-sized object, the design energy of the system has to be well above 40 keV. To our knowledge, little research has been done so far to investigate optimal GBI filtration at such high x-ray energies. In this paper, we study different filtration strategies and their impact on high-energy GBI. Specifically, we compare copper filtration at low peak voltage with equal-absorption, equal-imaging time K-edge filtration of spectra with higher peak voltage under clinically realistic boundary conditions. We specifically focus on a design energy of 59 keV and investigate combinations of tube current, peak voltage, and filtration that lead to equal patient absorption. Theoretical considerations suggest that the K edge of tantalum might provide a transmission pocket at around 59 keV, yielding a well-shaped spectrum. Although one can observe a slight visibility benefit when using tungsten or tantalum filtration, experimental results indicate that visibility benefits most from a low x-ray tube peak voltage.
Apache hadoop performance-tuning methodologies and best practices (2012)

Apache Hadoop is a Java based distributed computing framework built for applications implemented using MapReduce programming model. In recent years, Hadoop technology has experienced an unprecedented growth in its adoption. From single-node clusters to clusters with well over thousands of nodes, Hadoop technology is being used to perform myriad of functions - search optimizations, data mining, click stream analytics, machine learning to name a few. Although setting up Hadoop clusters and building applications for Hadoop is a well understood area, tuning Hadoop clusters for optimal performance is still a black art. In this demo paper, we will attempt to provide the audience with a holistic approach of Hadoop performance tuning methodologies and best practices. We discuss hardware as well as software tuning techniques including BIOS, OS, JVM and Hadoop configuration parameters tuning.
Occupancy and indoor environment quality sensing for smart buildings (2012)

This paper presents a technique to determine the occupancy and indoor environment quality (IEQ) in buildings by enhancing physical measurements from a distributed sensor network with a statistical estimation method. The research is motivated by the increasing demand for improving energy efficiency while maintaining healthy and comfortable environment in buildings. Features representing the occupancy level and the relative changes are extracted from a suite of sensors: passive infra-red (PIR) sensors, Carbon Dioxide (CO <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> ) concentration sensors, and relative humidity (RH) sensors, which are networked and installed in a laboratory. An Autoregressive Hidden Markov Model (ARHMM) has been developed to model the occupancy pattern, based on the measurements, given its ability to establish correlations among the observed variables. The result is compared with that obtained from the classical Hidden Markov Model (HMM) and Support Vector Machines (SVM), which indicates that the ARHMM estimation method performed better than the other two methods, with an average estimation accuracy of 80.78%.
Grain Size Engineering of Ferroelectric Zr-doped HfO<sub>2</sub>for the Highly Scaled Devices Applications (2019)

Ferroelectric Zr-doped HfO <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> (HZO) is a promising candidate component for the future transistors and memory devices applications. To address the deviceto-device variation in those highly scaled devices, the grain properties of 12-nm-thick HZO films are investigated and optimized by altering the atomic layer deposition (ALD) cycle ratio of HfO <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> and ZrO <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> at a constant Zr concentration. The largest remanent polarization 2Pr of 41μC/cm <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> , refined average grain radius from 16.6 nm to 13 nm, and improved grain size distribution with the standard deviation reduced from 5 to 3.3 are realized by adjusting the ALD cycle ratio to 5/5. Furthermore, the possible underlying mechanisms for the ferroelectric behaviors and the growth modes of the HZO films deposited with various cycle ratios are demonstrated.