gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
The Use of Commercial Non-Hazardous Air Pollutant Monomers to Optimize the Properties of Fatty Acid-Based Resins (2009)

Abstract : Vinyl ester (VE) resins are used to make polymer matrix composites in military and commercial applications because of their good properties, low weight, and low cost. These resins typically contain high concentrations of reactive diluents, such as styrene, to allow these resins to be molded using resin transfer molding and other inexpensive liquid molding techniques. Because styrene is a hazardous air pollutant (HAP) and a volatile organic compound (VOC), the Federal Environmental Protection Agency of the United States of America introduced legislation to limit styrene emissions from composite manufacturing (1). Unfortunately, decreasing the styrene content in VE resins does not offer an acceptable solution to this problem. As the styrene content is reduced, the fracture toughness decreases and the resin viscosity increases, making it difficult to use inexpensive molding techniques (2, 3). For example, Dow Derakane 441-400 uses 27% less styrene than Derakane 411-C50 (4, 5), but has less than half the fracture toughness (6, 7). Various monomers with volatilities lower than that of styrene have been used as styrene replacements, such as vinyl toluene (8). First of all, these styrene replacements still produce significant VOC emissions, and are therefore still regulated by the EPA (1). In addition, few monomers yield resins with properties comparable to styrene based resins, and even fewer can match the low cost of styrene. Recently, fatty acid-based monomers have been used in VE resins to reduce the styrene content (9, 10). Fatty acid monomers are excellent alternatives to styrene because of their low cost and low volatility. Fatty acids are renewable resources because they are derived from plant oils. Therefore, not only would the use of fatty acids in liquid molding resins reduce VOC emissions, thereby reducing health and environmental risks, but it also would promote global sustainability. On the other hand, fatty acid monomers tend to lower the glass transition te
Image-guided system with miniature robot for precise positioning and targeting in keyhole neurosurgery (2006)

This paper describes a novel image-guided system for precise automatic targeting in minimally invasive keyhole neurosurgery. The system consists of the MARS miniature robot fitted with a mechanical guide for needle, probe or catheter insertion. Intraoperatively, the robot is directly affixed to a head clamp or to the patient's skull. It automatically positions itself with respect to predefined targets in a preoperative CT/MRI image following an anatomical registration with an intraoperative 3D surface scan of the patient's facial features and registration jig. We present the system architecture, surgical protocol, custom hardware (targeting and registration jig), and software modules (preoperative planning, intraoperative execution, 3D surface scan processing, and three-way registration). We also describe a prototype implementation of the system and in vitro registration experiments. Our results indicate a system-wide target registration error of 1.7 mm (standard deviation = 0.7 mm), which is close to the required 1.0–1.5 mm clinical accuracy in many keyhole neurosurgical procedures.
Temporal flicker reduction and denoising in video using sparse directional transforms (2008)

The bulk of the video content available today over the Internet and over mobile networks suffers from many imperfections caused during acquisition and transmission. In the case of user-generated content, which is typically produced with inexpensive equipment, these imperfections manifest in various ways through noise, temporal flicker and blurring, just to name a few. Imperfections caused by compression noise and temporal flicker are present in both studio-produced and user-generated video content transmitted at low bit-rates. In this paper, we introduce an algorithm designed to reduce temporal flicker and noise in video sequences. The algorithm takes advantage of the sparse nature of video signals in an appropriate transform domain that is chosen adaptively based on local signal statistics. When the signal corresponds to a sparse representation in this transform domain, flicker and noise, which are spread over the entire domain, can be reduced easily by enforcing sparsity. Our results show that the proposed algorithm reduces flicker and noise significantly and enables better presentation of compressed videos.
Biopulping. A glimpse of the future (1993)

Acknowledgments This is the final report of Biopulping Consortium I, a 5-year research and information program involving the USDA Forest Service, Forest Products Laboratory (FPL), the University of Wisconsin (UW), the University of Minnesota, and industry. The objective of the Consortium research was to evaluate the technical feasibility of biopulping, defined as the fungal pretreatment of wood for pulping. The research focused on mechanical pulping, specifically on energy savings for the pulping itself, and on paper properties. Past work on biopulping has been minimal, but generally encouraging. In addition to the research objective, the Consortium served an information and education function, interfacing the industrial partners with developments in biotechnology. The overall conclusion of this 5-year research effort is that biopulping works. Through the use of the proper lignindegrading fungi, significant energy is saved in mechanical pulping, and paper strength properties are enhanced. Optical properties are diminished; however, brightness can be restored readily by bleaching. The process appears to be less polluting than chemi-mechanical processes, and the economics look favorable if the process can be performed in a chip pile-based system
Transfer of antibodies elicited by baculovirus-derived VP2 of a very virulent bursal disease virus strain to progeny of commercial breeder chickens (2000)

A baculovirus-derived recombinant VP2 (rVP2) subunit vaccine elicited anti-infectious bursal disease virus (IBDV) antibodies in commercial flocks. The induced antibody levels were similar to those evoked against IBDV by a commercial vaccine. The levels remained higher than that of the negative controls for at least four and a half months in commercial chickens. The antibodies were also transferred to their offspring and were detected in the blood of the progeny for at least 20 days after hatching. These results, along with former data, that show that antibodies elicited by baculovirus rVP2 confer protection to chickens from IBDV [J. Pitcovski et al. (1996), Insect cell-derived VP2 of infectious bursal disease confers protection against the disease in chickens. Avian Diseases, 40, 753-761], imply that the baculovirus-derived rVP2 subunit may serve as a successful vaccine for commercial breeding flocks.
Galectin-8 binding to integrins inhibits cell adhesion and induces apoptosis (2000)

The interaction of cells with the extracellular matrix regulates cell adhesion, motility, growth, survival and differentiation through integrin-mediated signal transduction. Here we demonstrate that galectin-8, a secreted mammalian (beta)-galactoside binding protein, inhibits adhesion of human carcinoma (1299) cells to plates coated with integrin ligands, and induces cell apoptosis. Pretreatment of the cells with Mn(2+), which increases the affinity of integrins for their ligands, abolished the inhibitory effects of galectin-8. The inhibitory effects of galectin-8 were specific and were not mimicked by plant lectins or other galectins (galectin-1 and galectin-3). In accordance with its anti-adhesive effects, transfection of galectin-8 cDNA into 1299 cells significantly reduced (by 75%) colony formation, when compared to the number of colonies formed by cells transfected with an empty vector. Affinity chromatography over immobilized galectin-8 indicated that few membrane proteins interacted with galectin-8 in a sugar-dependent manner. Microsequencing and western immunoblotting revealed that (alpha)(3)(beta)(1 )integrin derived from 1299 as well as other cells (e.g. HeLa and human endothelial cells) is a major galectin-8 binding-protein. Furthermore, immunoprecipitation and immunohistochemical studies suggested that endogenous galectin-8, secreted from 1299 cells, forms complexes with (alpha)(3)(beta)(1) integrins expressed on the surface of 1299 cells. Galectin-8 also interacts with other members of the integrin family, like (alpha)(6)(beta)(1 )integrins. In contrast, galectin-8 only minimally interacts with (alpha)(4 )or (beta)(3 )integrins. We propose that galectin-8 is an integrin binding-protein that interacts to a different extent with several, but not all members of the integrin family. Binding of galectin-8 modulates integrin interactions with the extracellular matrix and thus regulates cell adhesion and cell survival.
Non contact measurement of thin layer thickness by zero group velocity Lamb modes (2012)

International audience
Automating layout of relational databases (2004)

The choice of database layout, i.e., how database objects such as tables and indexes are assigned to disk drives can significantly impact the I/O performance of the system. Today, DBAs typically rely on fully striping objects across all available disk drives as the basic mechanism for optimizing I/O performance. While full striping maximizes I/O parallelism, when query execution involves coaccess of two or more large objects, e.g., a merge join of two tables, the above strategy may be suboptimal due to the increased number of random I/O accesses on each disk drive. Here, we propose a framework for automating the choice of database layout for a given database that also takes into account the effects of coaccessed objects in the workload faced by the system. We formulate the above as an optimization problem and present an efficient solution to the problem that judiciously takes into account the trade-off between I/O parallelism and random I/O accesses. Our experiments on Microsoft SQL server show the superior I/O performance of our techniques compared to the traditional approach of fully striping each database object across all disk drives.
Scandate Dispenser Cathode Fabrication for A High-Aspect-Ratio High-Current-Density Sheet Beam Electron Gun (2012)

A high-current-density scandate tungsten dispenser cathode was used for the demonstration of a 25 : 1-aspect-ratio 750-A/cm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> -current-density sheet beam for the Defence Advanced Research Project Agency High-Frequency Integrated Vacuum Electronics (HiFIVE) program intended for the realization of a wideband ( ~ 30%) 220-GHz traveling wave tube. The elliptical cathode with homogeneous microstructure was made from 1-2-μm-size tungsten powder added with nanosized Scandia using the sol-gel method; it has a current density of up to 160 A/cm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> at 1050 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">°</sup> C. A sheet beam gun analyzer was built to test the terahertz sheet beam gun and determine the size and current density of a sheet electron beam produced by the impregnated scandate tungsten dispenser cathode. A sheet electron beam with an aspect ratio of 12.5 : 1 with a current density exceeding 375 A/cm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> has been obtained using a BVERI impregnated scandate dispenser cathode without magnetic compression; further magnetic field compression would give the final current density of 750 A/cm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> .
WHEY BASED NONFAT DRIED MILK SUBSTITUTES FOR BREADMAKING (1983)

A number of commercial whey products were evaluated at the 4% (flour basis) level, using a straight dough pup loaf baking procedure. The loaf volume and crumb texture of the breads were compared to controls maak with and without nonfat dried milk (NFDM). Untreated sweet whey produced poor quality bread, but demineralized whey, whey protein concentrates, and a blend of whey plus NFDM plus soy flour gave loaf volumes and crumb grains equal to the NFDM controls. Potassium bromate requirements increased as the protein content of the whey product increased. Lactose is more concentrated in whey than in NFDM, but lactose concentration does not appear to cause the loaf depression. Contrary to literature reports with an acid whey, use of 0.2% diammonium phosphate (flour basis) alone does not totally replace NFDM in terms of both loaf volume and crumb struclure. However; diammoniumphosphate can correct for most of the suppressant activity of sweet whey. A correlation was found between the ash to protein ratio and baking performance of products.
Fifteen Nanometer Resolved Patterns in Selective Area Atomic Layer Deposition—Defectivity Reduction by Monolayer Design (2018)

Selective area atomic layer deposition (SA-ALD) offers the potential to replace a lithography step and provide a significant advantage to mitigate pattern errors and relax design rules in semiconductor fabrication. One class of materials that shows promise to enable this selective deposition process are self-assembled monolayers (SAMs). In an effort to more completely understand the ability of these materials to function as barriers for ALD processes and their failure mechanism, a series of SAM derivatives were synthesized and their structure-property relationship explored. These materials incorporate different side group functionalities and were evaluated in the deposition of a sacrificial etch mask. Monolayers with weak supramolecular interactions between components (for example, van der Waals) were found to direct a selective deposition, though they exhibit significant defectivity at and below 100 nm feature sizes. The incorporation of stronger noncovalent supramolecular interacting groups in the monolayer design, such as hydrogen bonding units or pi-pi interactions, did not produce an added benefit over the weaker interacting components. Incorporation of reactive moieties in the monolayer component that enabled the polymerization of an SAM surface, however, provided a more effective barrier, greatly reducing the number and types of defects observed in the selectively deposited ALD film. These reactive monolayers enabled the selective deposition of a film with critical dimensions as low as 15 nm. It was also found that the selectively deposited film functioned as an effective barrier for isotropic etch chemistries, allowing the selective removal of a metal without affecting the surrounding surface. This work enables selective area ALD as a technology through (1) the development of a material that dramatically reduces defectivity and (2) the demonstrated use of the selectively deposited film as an etch mask and its subsequent removal under mild conditions.
Antifungal amphiphilic aminoglycoside K20: bioactivities and mechanism of action (2014)

K20 is a novel amphiphilic antifungal aminoglycoside that is synthetically derived from the antibiotic kanamycin A. Reported here are investigations of K20's antimicrobial activities, cytotoxicity, and fungicidal mechanism of action. In vitro growth inhibitory activities against a variety of human and plant pathogenic yeasts, filamentous fungi, and bacteria were determined using microbroth dilution assays and time-kill curve analyses, and hemolytic and animal cell cytotoxic activities were determined. Effects on Cryptococcus neoformans H-99 infectivity were determined with a preventive murine lung infection model. The antifungal mechanism of action was studied using intact fungal cells, yeast lipid mutants, and small unilamellar lipid vesicles. K20 exhibited broad-spectrum in vitro antifungal activities but not antibacterial activities. Pulmonary, single dose-administration of K20 reduced C. neoformans lung infection rates 4-fold compared to controls. Hemolysis and half-maximal cytotoxicities of mammalian cells occurred at concentrations that were 10 to 32-fold higher than fungicidal MICs. With fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC), 20-25 mg/L K20 caused staining of >95% of C. neoformans and Fusarium graminearum cells and at 31.3 mg/L caused rapid leakage (30-80% in 15 min) of calcein from preloaded small unilamellar lipid vesicles. K20 appears to be a broad-spectrum fungicide, capable of reducing the infectivity of C. neoformans, and exhibits low hemolytic activity and mammalian cell toxicity. It perturbs the plasma membrane by mechanisms that are lipid modulated. K20 is a novel amphiphilic aminoglycoside amenable to scalable production and a potential lead antifungal for therapeutic and crop protection applications.
Preliminary investigation of a water-based method for fast integrating mobility spectrometry (2017)

A water-based condensational growth channel was developed for imaging mobility-separated particles within a parallel plate separation channel of the Fast Integrated Mobility Spectrometer (FIMS). Reported are initial tests of that system, in which the alcohol condenser of the FIMS was replaced by a water-based condensational growth channel. Tests with monodispersed sodium chloride aerosol verify that the water-condensational growth maintained the laminar flow, while providing sufficient growth for particle imaging. Particle positions mapped onto particle mobility, in accordance with theoretical expectations. Particles ranging in size from 12 nm to 100 nm were counted with the same efficiency as with a butanol-based ultrafine particle counter, once inlet and line losses were taken into account.Copyright © 2017 American Association for Aerosol Research
Compensation for waveform distortion in a transmission fiber with loss by optical phase conjugation (1996)

Abstract A new method is proposed to compensate for chromatic dispersion and self‐phase modulation in a transmission fiber with a loss using optical phase conjugate (OPC). The ratio of the optical Kerr effect and the dispersion was designed to be equal at each position before and after the OPC. The pulse shape is precompensated before OPC by transmission through a fiber with large dispersion whereas the transmission line consists of an optical amplifier repeated fiber link with a small dispersion. A computer simulation demonstrates effective compensation for waveform distortion in a 40‐Gb/s no‐return‐to‐zero (NRZ) intensity‐modulated light transmission. The method will be effectively applied to both wavelength demultiplexing method (WDM) systems and long‐haul transmission systems.
Adaptive Autonomous Grasp Selection via Pairwise Ranking (2018)

Autonomous grasp selection for robot pick-and-place applications makes use of either empirical methods leveraging object databases, which generate grasps for specific objects at the initial cost of modeling effort, or analytical methods, which generalize to novel objects but fail on object subsets that require specific grasping strategies not captured by the algorithm. We introduce a grasp selection algorithm that ranks grasp candidates with a set of grasp metrics augmented with object features, creating an approach that adapts its strategies based on user-specified grasp preferences. We formulate grasp selection as a pairwise ranking problem, which significantly reduces data collection compared to traditional grasp ranking methods and generalizes to novel objects. Our approach outperforms a state-of-the-art grasp calculation baseline and a pointwise ranking formulation of the same problem.
Electrical Prism: A High Quality Factor Filter for Millimeter-Wave and Terahertz Frequencies (2009)

A 2-D electrical filter is introduced that is compatible with today's conventional integrated circuit processes. The rich 2-D propagation properties of the medium are used to introduce a novel high quality factor filter called an <i xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">electrical prism</i> . The proposed filter shows a quality factor much larger than the quality factor of the individual components at high millimeter-wave and terahertz frequencies. This structure also provides a negative effective index in a low-pass <i xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">LC</i> lattice. Based on this idea, we show filters with quality factors of 130 at 230 GHz and 420 at 460 GHz consisting of elements with the quality factor of 10 and 20, respectively. The effect of component loss on the filter quality factor is discussed in this paper. The negative effective index and the filter behavior of the lattice is verified by measuring a prototype on a CMOS process at 32-40 GHz. There is good agreement among the theory, simulation, and experimental results.
Digital Twin-Driven Rapid Customized Design of Board-Type Furniture Production Line (2021)

Abstract The mass personalization paradigm requires manufacturing enterprises to adapt to market changes quickly to meet customer demands. It also imposes higher requirements for designing intelligent production lines. Based on the digital twin (DT) technology, a rapid customized design method is proposed for developing new board-type furniture production lines. The DT has the characteristics of interactive virtual-reality mapping and fusion. It could provide design guidance and decision-support services in the design phase, yield the engineering analyzing ability to solve coupled problems, and finally generate the authoritative design scheme of the manufacturing system. A production line design platform is developed based on the DT model, which can parallelize the design process and reduce the design cycle. The parallel control between the physical world and digital space is achieved by establishing the DT network and perceiving the status of the physical equipment. Five key enabling technologies are introduced to provide the theoretical fundamentals for implementing the DT-based manufacturing system design approach. A board-type furniture production line is presented as a case study to verify the effectiveness of the method.
Optimal antenna diversity combining for IEEE 802.11a system (2002)

IEEE 802.11a/g devices promise to accommodate the increasing consumer demands for high data rate wireless communications. A novel optimal decoding method for receiver antenna diversity combining for COFDM system is discussed. The proposed method provides robust wireless connections for applications such as wireless multimedia communications. The proposed optimal diversity combining integrates the channel equalization, demodulation (bit metrics calculation) and diversity combining in the decoder, which is the maximum likelihood decoding method for the diversity combining for COFDM system. The proposed method can have about 4-6 dB gain over a single antenna receiver and 2-4 dB gain over a conventional symbol level diversity-combining receiver without increasing the implementation complexity.
Layered Foams: A New Class of Cellular Polymers (2000)

A novel process is described for making integral multilayered polymers with the layers separated by discontinuous narrow gaps containing air and/or a blowing agent. The two step process involves first introducing a low degree of entanglement among some of the polymer chains and then breaking apart these entanglements using a blowing agent to give the discontinuous gaps that resemble elongated, narrow cells. The layer density can be controlled within a wide range, typically 10 to 2000 layers/mm, while the gap between the layers is < 100 nanometers. These layered materials, called nanolayered polymers or layered foams, are mechanically strong and have excellent thermal and electrical, and, possibly, sound insulation properties. The nanolayering process is complimentary to the process described recently (Handa and Zhang, Cellular Polymers 19, (2000) 1) to make microlayered polymers.