gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Hybrid Solid State “Chaperone” Phases to Improve Solid State Sodium Electrolytes (2021)

Solid state electrolytes exhibiting high sodium-ion conductivity are promising elements in the advance of high energy density, low temperature molten sodium, solid state sodium, and sodium ion batteries. Traditional solid state Na + -ion conductors, such as β”-Al 2 O 3 or NaSICON are reserved for high temperature operations (~300°C), not only to access higher Na + -ion conductivity, but also to facilitate wetting of molten sodium on the solid electrolyte. Lowering the operating temperature to near or below the ~98°C melting temperature of sodium for new sodium battery applications leads to poor interfacial wetting of the molten sodium to the ceramic electrolyte, increasing interfacial resistance in the cell and ultimately producing poor battery performance. Here, we explore the application of hybrid interfacial “chaperone” phases that dramatically improve physical and charge transfer interfaces between a NaSICON ceramic electrolyte and a metallic sodium anode. Through the application of material such as tin to the NaSICON surface, in-situ transformation during electrochemical cycling leads to the formation of hybrid metallic/intermetallic/ceramic interphases that facilitate efficient sodium wetting and charge transfer. We observe that these chaperone phases dramatically lower cell-limiting interfacial resistance, facilitating higher battery cycling current densities and better overall battery performance. Continued optimization of such functional interphase materials promises new advances in emerging sodium batteries. Sandia National Laboratories is a multimission laboratory managed and operated by National Technology & Engineering Solutions of Sandia, LLC, a wholly owned subsidiary of Honeywell International Inc., for the U.S. Department of Energy’s National Nuclear Security Administration under contract DE-NA0003525.
Scanning tunneling microscopy observations of single-crystal Fe∕MgO∕Fe magnetic tunnel junctions (2006)

Scanning tunneling microscopy observations of a single-crystal Fe(001)∕MgO(001)∕Fe(001) magnetic tunnel junction which shows a large tunnel magnetoresistance effect were performed. Step-and-terrace structures of an epitaxial MgO barrier layer, which are very similar to surfaces of a bottom Fe underlayer, were observed. This indicates that the MgO terraces were grown flatly on each terrace of the Fe electrode. It is supposed that these atomically flat terraces enable a coherent tunneling of electrons through magnetic tunnel junctions.
VIBRATION PLATE, SPEAKER UNIT AND PORTABLE INFORMATION TERMINAL (2013)

An edge portion includes a center portion, one end and an other end. As seen in a cross section of a vibration plate in the radial direction, the center portion, the one end and the other end each are formed in a circular arc such that the edge portion forms a convex so as to protrude in a direction in which the protruding shape protrudes. The radius of curvature of the circular arc of the center portion is not less than the radius of curvature of the circular arc of each of the one end and the other end. Accordingly, a vibration plate allowing a decrease in the lowest resonance frequency while suppressing the edge portion from being brought into a tensioned state, a speaker unit provided with the vibration plate and a portable information terminal can be provided.
An Improved Method for the Preparation of Intermediate‐Purity Antihemophilic Factor Concentrate for Therapeutic Usage (1980)

An improved method involving pH changes in the process for the preparation of intermediate-purity antihemophilic concentrate offers several advantages over the standard method. Antihemophilic concentrates thus prepared are more soluble, more purified and more stable than the standard antihemophilic concentrates. High-potency antihemophilic concentrates with good solubility may be obtained by concentrating the [in-process] solution before lyophilization.
Novel aluminophosphate-based compounds with a layered structure and intercalation behavior (1993)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTNovel aluminophosphate-based compounds with a layered structure and intercalation behaviorBettina Kraushaar-Czarnetzki, Wim H. J. Stork, and Ronald J. DogteromCite this: Inorg. Chem. 1993, 32, 23, 5029–5033Publication Date (Print):November 1, 1993Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 November 1993https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ic00075a014https://doi.org/10.1021/ic00075a014research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views133Altmetric-Citations36LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Surface plasmon rainbow jets (2005)

A new method for optically exciting and visualizing surface plasmons in thin metal films is described. The technique relies on the use of a high-numerical-aperture objective lens to locally launch a broad wavelength spectrum of surface waves and to detect the leaky radiative modes associated with them. We used this approach to obtain a direct visualization of the plasmon intensity distributions, e.g., rainbow jets, and to quantify their propagation lengths throughout the visible spectrum.
ADVANCED HYBRID PARTICULATE COLLECTOR (2001)

A new concept in particulate control, called an advanced hybrid particulate collector (AHPC), is being developed under funding from the U.S. Department of Energy. The AHPC combines the best features of electrostatic precipitators (ESPs) and baghouses in an entirely novel manner. The AHPC concept combines fabric filtration and electrostatic precipitation in the same housing, providing major synergism between the two methods, both in the particulate collection step and in transfer of dust to the hopper. The AHPC provides ultrahigh collection efficiency, overcoming the problem of excessive fine-particle emissions with conventional ESPs, and solves the problem of reentrainment and re-collection of dust in conventional baghouses. Phase I of the development effort consisted of design, construction, and testing of a 5.7-m{sup 3}/min (200-acfm) working AHPC model. Results from both 8-hr parametric tests and 100-hr proof-of-concept tests with two different coals demonstrated excellent operability and greater than 99.99% fine-particle collection efficiency. Since all of the developmental goals of Phase I were met, the approach was scaled up in Phase II to a size of 255 m{sup 3}/min (9000 acfm) (equivalent in size to 2.5 MW) and was installed on a slipstream at the Big Stone Power Plant. For Phase II, the AHPC at Big Stone Power Plant was operated continuously from late July 1999 until mid-December 1999. The Phase II results were highly successful in that ultrahigh particle collection efficiency was achieved, pressure drop was well controlled, and system operability was excellent. For Phase III, the AHPC was modified into a more compact configuration, and components were installed that were closer to what would be used in a full-scale commercial design. The modified AHPC was operated from April to July 2000. While operational results were acceptable during this time, inspection of bags in the summer of 2000 revealed some membrane damage to the fabric that appeared to be caused by electrical effects. Subsequently, extensive theoretical, bench-scale, and pilot-scale investigations were completed to find an approach to prevent bag damage without compromising AHPC performance. Results showed that the best bag protection and AHPC performance were achieved by using a perforated plate installed between the discharge electrodes and bags. This perforated-plate design was then installed in the 2.5-MW AHPC at Big Stone Power Plant in Big Stone City, South Dakota, and the AHPC was operated from March to June 2001. Results showed that the perforated-plate design solved the bag damage problem and offered even better AHPC performance than the previous design. All of the AHPC performance goals were met, including ultrahigh collection efficiency, high air-to-cloth ratio, reasonable pressure drop, and long bag-cleaning interval.
Adaptive multiple beam antennas for communications satellites (1990)

An adaptive multiple beam antenna configuration which uses an offset reflector fed by a cluster of hexagonally distributed feed horns is described. This design has low sidelobes to reduce the effectiveness of interferers located outside of the coverage region. The received signals from the N feed horns are adaptively weighted and then combined to provide a single input signal to the communications receiver. The steady-state adaptive performance was evaluated using a simulation model. The simulation model was initially run for a minimum system of seven beams to evaluate the dependence of system performance on aperture diameter and beam crossover level. In general, the seven-beam configuration can handle up to four high-level interferers within the coverage area.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Full-field parallel interferometry coherence probe microscope for high-speed optical metrology (2015)

Parallel detection of several achromatic phase-shifted images is used to obtain a high-speed, high-resolution, full-field, optical coherence probe tomography system based on polarization interferometry. The high enface imaging speed, short coherence gate, and high lateral resolution provided by the system are exploited to determine microbump height uniformity in an integrated semiconductor chip at 50 frames per second. The technique is demonstrated using the Linnik microscope, although it can be implemented on any polarization-based interference microscopy system.
<title>New methodology for breaking steganographic techniques for JPEGs</title> (2003)

In this paper, we present general methodology for developing attacks on steganographic systems for the JPEG image format. The detection first starts by decompressing the JPEG stego image, geometrically distorting it (e.g., by cropping), and recompressing. Because the geometrical distortion breaks the quantized structure of DCT coefficients during recompression, the distorted/recompressed image will have many macroscopic statistics approximately equal to those of the cover image. We choose such macroscopic statistic <i>S</i> that also predictably changes with the embedded message length. By doing so, we estimate the unknown message length by comparing the values of <i>S</i> for the stego image and the cropped/recompressed stego image. The details of this detection methodology are explained on the F5 algorithm and OutGuess. The accuracy of the message length estimate is demonstrated on test images for both algorithms. Finally, we identify two limitations of the proposed approach and show how they can be overcome to obtain accurate detection in every case. The paper is closed with outlining a condition that must be satisfied by all secure high-capacity steganographic algorithms for JPEGs.
The multi-institutional myeloma group clinico-genomic risk stratification system: A blinded validation (2009)

8521 Background: Several clinical and molecular prognostic factors (e.g, International Staging System [ISS] stage, plasma cell labeling index, genomic models) exist for multiple myeloma (MM). We hypothesized that exploiting gene signatures representative of oncogenic pathway deregulation (i.e., Ras, Myc, etc.), would improve MM prognostication and also aid with the identification of novel therapeutic targets. Methods: Using a discovery cohort (n=47) of patients with MM and corresponding gene expression data, we built upon current molecular risk-stratification and devised a Bayesian genomic (“metagene”) model for prognosis. We validated that model in an independent patient cohort (n=207). Finally, we incorporated ISS staging and clinical variables to construct a combined Clinico-Genomic Risk Stratification System. We further validated the combined model in a separate cohort (n=72), in a blinded manner. Results: Using gene signatures predictive of oncogenic pathway activation in the discovery cohort, we identified specific patterns (metagenes) of signaling pathway activation with prognostic relevance. In an independent validation cohort, this metagene-based model accurately predicted event free survival (EFS) independently of ISS (multivariate hazard ratio [HR] 3.4 for ISS stage, and 5.4 for the metagene model, p=0.002). Using multivariate risk modeling, we incorporated ISS staging and the metagene model into a Clinico-Genomic System and successfully stratified the validation cohort into three groups (low, intermediate, and high risk) with markedly different EFS (HR 4.2 for intermediate risk and 14.0 for high risk vs. the low risk cohort, p<0.0001). In an additional blinded validation, the Clinico-Genomic System again accurately predicted median overall survival (68.7 [low risk] vs 24.7 [intermediate risk] vs 18.7 months [high risk], p<0.0001); more accurately than either ISS or other reported genomic models. Conclusions: A combined Clinico-Genomic Risk Stratification System, building on patterns of oncogenic pathway activation and ISS staging system, improves upon current prognostic models in MM and identifies novel pathway targets for future therapeutic consideration. No significant financial relationships to disclose.
Wavelength-shifting-fiber scintillation detectors for thermal neutron imaging at SNS (2011)

We have developed a wavelength-Shifting-fiber Scintillator Detector (SSD) with a 0.3 m <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> area per module. Each module has 154 × 7 pixels and a 5 mm × 50 mm pixel size. Our goal is to design a large area neutron detector offering higher detection efficiency and higher count-rate capability for Time-Of-Flight (TOF) neutron diffraction in the Spallation Neutron Source (SNS). A ZnS/ <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">6</sup> LiF scintillator combined with a novel fiber encoding scheme (v.3) was used to record the neutron events. A Cross-fiber Read-Out-Card (CROC) based digital-signal processing electronics and position-determination algorithm was applied for neutron imaging. Neutron-gamma discrimination was carried out using Pulse-Shape Discrimination (PSD). A sandwiched flat scintillator detector can have a detection efficiency close to He-3 tubes (about 10 atm). A single layer and sandwiched flat scintillator detectors have count rate capabilities of about 6,000 and 35,000 cps/cm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> , respectively, which can satisfy the count rate requirement of powder diffractometers at SNS. Detectors with v.3 fiber encoding have better image quality and higher spatial resolution than those with previous v.2 fiber encoding.
14-Aminocamptothecins: Their Synthesis, Preclinical Activity, and Potential Use for Cancer Treatment (2011)

14-Aminocamptothecins were synthesized in good yields by treating camptothecin (1a) and 7-ethylcamptothecin (1b) with 90% fuming nitric acid either neat or in acetic anhydride and then followed by reduction of the resulting 14-nitrocamptothecins (2). 14-Aminocamptothecin (3a) and 7-ethyl-14-aminocamptothecin (3b) demonstrated excellent cytotoxic potency against human tumor cell lines in vitro, and they are not substrates for any of the major clinically relevant efflux pumps (MDR1, MRP1, and BCRP). 3a and 3b showed similar cytotoxicity against human and mouse bone marrow progenitor cells. This is in contrast to many camptothecin analogues, which are substrates for efflux pumps and are dramatically more toxic to human marrow cells relative to murine. 3a and 3b demonstrated significant brain penetration when dosed orally in mice. 3b showed significantly better efficacy relative to topotecan when dosed orally in the three ectopic xenograft models, H460, HT29, and PC-3. On the basis of its favorable in vitro and in vivo profile, 3b warrants future development.
Side-Group Construction in High Polymeric Phosphazenes via Lithiophenoxy Intermediates (1980)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTSide-Group Construction in High Polymeric Phosphazenes via Lithiophenoxy IntermediatesHarry R. Allcock, Timothy J. Fuller, and Thomas L. EvansCite this: Macromolecules 1980, 13, 6, 1325–1332Publication Date (Print):November 1, 1980Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 November 1980https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ma60078a001https://doi.org/10.1021/ma60078a001research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views171Altmetric-Citations28LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
UNDEAD: Detecting and preventing deadlocks in production software (2017)

Deadlocks are critical problems afflicting parallel applications, causing software to hang with no further progress. Existing detection tools suffer not only from significant recording performance overhead, but also from excessive memory and/or storage overhead. In addition, they may generate numerous false alarms. Subsequently, after problems have been reported, tremendous manual effort is required to confirm and fix these deadlocks. This paper designs a novel system, UnDead, that helps defeat deadlocks in production software. Different from existing detection tools, UnDead imposes negligible runtime performance overhead (less than 3 % on average) and small memory overhead (around 6%), without any storage consumption. After detection, UnDead automatically strengthens erroneous programs to prevent future occurrences of both existing and potential deadlocks, which is similar to the existing work-Dimmunix. However, UnDead exceeds Dimmunix with several orders of magnitude lower performance overhead, while eliminating numerous false positives. Extremely low runtime and memory overhead, convenience, and automatic prevention make UnDead an always-on detection tool, and a "band-aid" prevention system for production software.
Carbon Filter Process for Flue-Gas Carbon Capture on Carbonaceous Sorbents: Steam-Aided Vacuum Swing Adsorption Option (2011)

A low-pressure carbon filter process can capture carbon dioxide from combustion flue gas. This filter is filled with a carbonaceous sorbent, such as activated carbon, which has a high chemical affinity to and hence high capacity to retain CO2 but not nitrogen. This in turn leads to a high CO2/N2 selectivity, especially at low pressures. While CO2 sorption is spontaneous and rapid, its recovery from the sorbent is a challenge that determines the process efficiency. Among the desorption methods considered in this work, direct steam can produce nearly pure CO2, but it results in condensed water in the bed that reduces the sorbent capacity and requires sorbent cooling, which is slow. Vacuum desorption in the absence of water also works, but it requires low pressures, much lower than 30 Torr, to achieve substantial CO2 yields. However, a hybrid approach, referred to as “steam-aided vacuum swing adsorption” (SA-VSA), proposed in this work, is found to alleviate or eliminate these problems. Water vapor serves as a displacement medium and hence increases the vacuum efficiency at moderate pressures. Vacuum, on the other hand, prevents bulk water condensation and sorbent heating, and hence eliminates the need for cooling. As a result, SA-VSA can completely recover nearly pure CO2 from combustion flue gas, but it also allows for optimizing the CO2 recovery and purity.
Estimation of excitation forces for wave energy converters control using pressure measurements (2016)

Most control algorithms of wave energy converters require prediction of wave elevation or excitation force for a short future horizon, to compute the control in an optimal sense. This paper presents an approach that requires the estimation of the excitation force and its derivatives at present time with no need for prediction. An extended Kalman filter is implemented to estimate the excitation force. The measurements in this approach are selected to be the pressures at discrete points on the buoy surface, in addition to the buoy heave position. The pressures on the buoy surface are more directly related to the excitation force on the buoy as opposed to wave elevation in front of the buoy. These pressure measurements are also more accurate and easier to obtain. A singular arc control is implemented to compute the steady-state control using the estimated excitation force. The estimated excitation force is expressed in the Laplace domain and substituted in the control, before the latter is transformed to the time domain. Numerical simulations are presented for a Bretschneider wave case study.
Computation of Calcium Score With Dual-Energy Computed Tomography (2016)

Dual-energy computed tomography (DECT) improves material and tissue characterization compared with single-energy CT; we sought to validate coronary calcium quantification in advancing cardiovascular DECT. In an anthropomorphic phantom, agreement between measurements was excellent, and Bland-Altman analysis demonstrated minimal bias. Compared with the known calcium mass for each phantom, calcium mass by DECT was highly accurate. Noncontrast DECT yields accurate calcium measures and warrants consideration in cardiac protocols for additional tissue characterizations.