gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Ductal Carcinoma in Situ of the Breast (1997)

Treatment strategies for DCIS have evolved, and lumpectomy followed by radiotherapy is an appropriate alternative for most patients. The use of lumpectomy alone in selected patients remains controversial.
Collision-Free Motion Planning of Two Robots (1987)

An approach to collision-free motion planning of two moving robots in a common workspace is presented. Each robot is represented by a sphere containing the wrist and the manipulator hand. The results from a strictly straight line trajectory planning method are utilized for planning a path avoiding potential collisions. Due to the distinct nature of the potential collisions between the two moving robots, a new classification of path requirement situations is presented and utilized for planning a collision-free path. Notions of collision map and time scheduling are developed and applied for realizing a collision-free motion planning. A procedure is developed for the time scheduling of the straight line trajectory. An example is shown for the time scheduling of the trajectory, which shows the significance of the proposed approach in collision-free motion planning of the two moving robots.
Extracts of<i>Ficus exasperata</i>leaf inhibit topical and systemic inflammation in rodents and suppress LPS-induced expression of mediators of inflammation in macrophages (2012)

The leaves of Ficus exasperata are mashed and prepared as poultices that are placed on swellings, wounds, and arthritic joints to relieve swelling and pains by the Igede tribal community of Nigeria. The leaf and stalk are also squeezed and used to mitigate itching or inflammation. These claimed benefits inspired this study in which topical and systemic (acute, chronic) anti-inflammatory activities of a methanol/methylene chloride leaf extract of F. exasperata (MFE) were assessed in rodents. Effects of an aqueous leaf extract (AFE) on lipopolysaccharide-induced expression of interleukin-1β (IL-1β), tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, and inducible nitric oxide (iNO) were also investigated in murine bone marrow-derived macrophage (BMDM) cultures. Treatment of rats with MFE (200 and 400 mg/kg) led to significant inhibition of acute and chronic inflammation induced by, respectively, agar and formaldehyde in the paws. Topically, pre-application of mice with MFE (5 µg/ear) also significantly inhibited (by up to 21%) ear edema induced by xylene. In vitro, pre-treatment of BMDM with 5-100 µg AFE/ml significantly inhibited IL-1β, TNFα, and iNO production in a dose-related manner. BMDM viability was not significantly affected AFE at concentrations up to 200 µg/ml. Initial studies showed that flavonoids, alkaloids, and terpenoids were the predominant phytoconstituents in each extract. In conclusion, the results of the various investigations indicated that F. exasperata leaf extracts possess anti-inflammatory properties that could underlie the benefits associated with the folklore use of the plant. The results also show that the extracts may be acting through a suppression of mediators of inflammation, such as IL-1β, TNFα, and iNO.
SRLG Failure Localization in All-Optical Networks Using Monitoring Cycles and Paths (2008)

We introduce the concepts of monitoring paths (MPs) and monitoring cycles (MCs) for unique localization of shared risk linked group (SRLG) failures in all-optical networks. An SRLG failure is a failure of multiple links due to a failure of a common resource. MCs (MPs) start and end at same (distinct) monitoring location(s). They are constructed such that any SRLG failure results in the failure of a unique combination of paths and cycles. We derive necessary and sufficient conditions on the set of MCs and MPs needed for localizing an SRLG failure in an arbitrary graph. When a single monitoring location is employed, we show that a network must be (k + 2)-edge connected for localizing all SRLG failures with up to k links. For networks that are less than (k + 2)-edge connected, we derive necessary and sufficient condition on the placement of monitoring locations for unique localization of any SRLG failure of up to k links. We use these conditions to develop an algorithm for the placement of monitoring locations. We show a graph transformation technique that converts the problem of identifying MCs and MPs with multiple monitoring locations to a problem of identifying MCs with single monitoring location. We provide an integer linear program and a heuristic to identify MCs for networks with one monitoring location. Through extensive simulations, we demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed monitoring technique.
Induction of carbonic anhydrase I isozyme precedes the globin synthesis during erythropoiesis in K562 cells (1991)

Induction of carbonic anhydrase isozyme I (CA-I) by erythropoietin or hemin was investigated using erythroleukemia (K562) cells. Immunological estimation and purification of carbonic anhydrases showed that untreated K562 cells contained only carbonic anhydrase isozyme II(CA-II), while incubation of the cells with 2 units of erythropoietin (EP) per ml of the incubation medium or with 50 microM hemin resulted in the induction of CA-I. The purified CA-I induced in K562 cells was enzymatically and immunologically identical to that from mature erythrocytes. Flow cytometric analysis showed that incubation of K562 cells with EP as well as hemin induced CA-I at the 3rd h, while alpha-globin was detected at the 8th h. Northern blot analysis of CA-I mRNA using a cloned genomic DNA as a probe showed that mRNA of CA-I was induced by EP. These results suggest that induction of CA-I is regulated at the transcriptional level during developmental changes of erythroid cells, and that CA-I may play a physiologically important role during erythroid differentiation.
"DATA TEMPERATURE" IN MINIMUM FREE ENERGIES FOR PARAMETER LEARNING OF BAYESIAN NETWORKS (2009)

Maximum likelihood method for estimating parameters of Bayesian networks (BNs) is efficient and accurate for large samples. However, the method suffers from overfitting when the sample size is small. Bayesian methods, which are effective to avoid overfitting, present difficulties for determining optimal hyperparameters of prior distributions with good balance between theoretical and practical points of view when no prior knowledge is available. As described in this paper, we propose an alternative estimation method of the parameters on BNs. The method uses a principle, rooted in thermodynamics, of minimizing free energy (MFE). We define internal energies, entropies, and temperature, which constitute free energies. Especially for temperature, we propose a "data temperature" assumption and some explicit models. This approach can treat the maximum likelihood principle and the maximum entropy principle in a unified manner of the MFE principle. For assessments of classification accuracy, our method shows higher accuracy than that obtained using the Bayesian method with normally recommended hyperparameters. Moreover, our method exhibits robustness for the choice of introduced hyperparameters.
Adenovirus core proteins (1983)

Advenovirus type 2 core proteins were studied with the aid of temperature-sensitive (ts) mutants affecting them. Cores prepared from wild-type virions with pyridine contained the structural proteins IVa2, V, VII, and X. Cores from the H2ts3 mutant contained an altered polypeptide V (50 K) of higher molecular weight and additional peptides. Ts1 virions produced at the restrictive temperature contained precores with proteins IVa2, V, pre-VI, pre-VII, and 11 K. This precore could be matured to a wild-type-like core by the adenovirus endoprotease. Of these core proteins only V, pre-VI, pre-VII, VII, and 11 K could be shown to reassociate in vitro with double-stranded heterologous DNA. Proteins IVa2 and X may bind to these core proteins rather than to the DNA directly.
Choline transporter‐like proteins CTLs/SLC44 family as a novel molecular target for cancer therapy (2014)

Choline is essential for the synthesis of the major membrane phospholipid phosphatidylcholine (PC), the methyl donor betaine and the neurotransmitter acetylcholine (ACh). Elevated levels of choline and up-regulated choline kinase activity have been detected in various cancers. Thus, the intracellular accumulation of choline through choline transporters is the rate-limiting step in phospholipid metabolism and a prerequisite for cancer cell proliferation. Previous studies have demonstrated abnormalities in choline uptake and choline phospholipid metabolism in cancer cells using the imaging of cancer with positron emission tomography (PET) and magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS). The aberrant choline metabolism in cancer cells is strongly correlated with their malignant progression. Using quantitative real-time PCR, the mRNA expression of choline transporters was measured, and it was found that choline transporter-like proteins CTLs/SLC44 family are highly expressed in various cancer cell lines. Choline uptake through CTLs is associated with cell viability, and the functional inhibition of CTLs could promote apoptotic cell death. Furthermore, non-neuronal cholinergic systems that include CTLs-mediated choline transport are associated with cell proliferation and their inhibition promotes apoptotic cell death in colon cancer, small cell lung cancer and human leukemic T-cells. The identification of this new CTLs-mediated choline transport system provides a potential new target for cancer therapy.
Middle East respiratory syndrome vaccines (2016)

The Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV) has infected over 1600 individuals with nearly 600 deaths since it was first identified in human populations in 2012. No antiviral therapies or vaccines are available for its treatment or prophylaxis. Approaches to the development of MERS vaccines are discussed herein, including a summary of previous efforts to develop vaccines useful against human and non-human coronaviruses. A striking feature of MERS is the important role that camels have in transmission. Camel vaccination may be a novel approach to preventing human infection.
F430 model chemistry. Evidence for alkyl- and hydrido-nickel intermediates in the reactions of the nickel(I) octaethylisobacteriochlorin anion (1993)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTF430 model chemistry. Evidence for alkyl- and hydrido-nickel intermediates in the reactions of the nickel(I) octaethylisobacteriochlorin anionGoutam K. Lahiri and Alan M. StolzenbergCite this: Inorg. Chem. 1993, 32, 20, 4409–4413Publication Date (Print):September 1, 1993Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 September 1993https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ic00072a041https://doi.org/10.1021/ic00072a041research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views413Altmetric-Citations45LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
A hybrid compressed sensing algorithm for sparse channel estimation in MIMO OFDM systems (2011)

Due to multipath delay spread and relatively high sampling rate in OFDM systems, the channel estimation is formulated as a sparse recovery problem, where a hybrid compressed sensing algorithm as subspace orthogonal matching pursuit (SOMP) is proposed. SOMP first identifies the channel sparsity and then iteratively refines the sparse recovery result, which essentially combines the advantages of orthogonal matching pursuit (OMP) and subspace pursuit (SP). Since SOMP still belongs to greedy algorithms, its computational complexity is in the same order as OMP. With frequency orthogonal random pilot placement, the technique is also ex tend to MIMO OFDM systems. Simulation results based on 3GPP spatial channel model (SCM) demonstrate that SOMP performs better than OMP, SP and interpolated least square (LS) in terms of normalized mean square error (NMSE).
[Location expression of human telomerase reverse transcriptase in lung cancer, benign lesion and normal lung tissue]. (2001)

(1) Telomerase is involved in the pathogenesis of both lung cancer and benign parenchymatous lesion. (2) Telomerase expression may be of biological significance in maintaining the normal function of airway epithelial cells, alveolar macrophage and lymphocytes. (3) It is suggested that telomerase might be used as a proliferative marker, rather than a specific malignant marker. False positive response may occur using telomerase as a diagnostic marker.
Cross Validation Of Heart Rate Variability Measurements Before And After Exercise (2005)

PURPOSE Due to the variety of measuring systems and evaluation routines used by international researchers no uniform standards for HRV analysis have been achieved so far. The purpose of this study was the cross validation of common procedures used for short-time HRV analysis. METHODS In 17 healthy subjects (19–41 years) time (RRInter, SDNN, R-MSSD) and frequency (LF, HF, TP, LF/HF-Ratio) domain parameters were calculated from simultaneous HRV measurements by VarCor PF5© und Polar® S810 before and after a standardized endurance test. The calculated power spectrums were compared against the results of a customized software application (HRV Analysis 1.1) developed following the Task Force (1996) guidelines. RESULTS The results demonstrate high linear relationships between VarCor© and Polar® for the time domain parameters before and after exercise (r=.822−.998, p < .01). In comparison to the HRV Analysis Software 1.1 the spectral values of VarCor© and Polar® revealed low to high correlations, depending on the applied detrending method. Using a recent trend removal approach high linear relationships were evaluated for VarCor© before and after exercise (r=.888−.945, p < .01). The procedure recommended by Bland & Altman (1986) demonstrated systematic differences between the examined methods. CONCLUSIONS The results demonstrate a sufficient level of agreement between time domain measures obtained by short-term HRV analysis. For frequency domain parameters systemic differences are obvious. Further research should focus on the standardization of HRV analysis procedures by multidisciplinary approaches.
Mechanisms underlying the metabolic actions of galegine that contribute to weight loss in mice (2008)

Activation of AMPK can explain many of the effects of galegine, including enhanced glucose uptake and inhibition of acetyl-CoA carboxylase. Inhibition of acetyl-CoA carboxylase both inhibits fatty acid synthesis and stimulates fatty acid oxidation, and this may to contribute to the in vivo effect of galegine on body weight.
Controlled, Stepwise Reduction and Band Gap Manipulation of Graphene Oxide (2012)

Graphene oxide (GO) has drawn tremendous interest as a tunable precursor in numerous areas, due to its readily manipulable surface. However, its inhomogeneous and nonstoichiometric structure makes achieving chemical control a major challenge. Here, we present a room-temperature based, controlled method for the stepwise reduction of GO, with evidence of sequential removal of each organic moiety. By analyzing signature infrared absorption frequencies, we identify the carbonyl group as the first to be reduced, while the tertiary alcohol takes the longest to be completely removed from the GO surface. Controlled reduction allows for progressive tuning of the optical gap from 3.5 eV down to 1 eV, while XPS spectra show a concurrent increase in the C/O ratio. This study is the first step toward selectively enhancing the chemical homogeneity of GO, thus providing greater control over its structure, and elucidating the order of removal of functional groups and hydrazine-vapor reduction.
Superpixel-Based Feature Tracking for Structure from Motion (2019)

Feature tracking in image collections significantly affects the efficiency and accuracy of Structure from Motion (SFM). Insufficient correspondences may result in disconnected structures and incomplete components, while the redundant correspondences containing incorrect ones may yield to folded and superimposed structures. In this paper, we present a Superpixel-based feature tracking method for structure from motion. In the proposed method, we first propose to use a joint approach to detect local keypoints and compute descriptors. Second, the superpixel-based approach is used to generate labels for the input image. Third, we combine the Speed Up Robust Feature and binary test in the generated label regions to produce a set of combined descriptors for the detected keypoints. Fourth, the locality-sensitive hash (LSH)-based k nearest neighboring matching (KNN) is utilized to produce feature correspondences, and then the ratio test approach is used to remove outliers from the previous matching collection. Finally, we conduct comprehensive experiments on several challenging benchmarking datasets including highly ambiguous and duplicated scenes. Experimental results show that the proposed method gets better performances with respect to the state of the art methods.
Attenuated sensitivity to neuroactive steroids in γ-aminobutyrate type A receptor delta subunit knockout mice (1999)

gamma-Aminobutyric acid (GABA) type A receptors mediate fast inhibitory synaptic transmission and have been implicated in responses to sedative/hypnotic agents (including neuroactive steroids), anxiety, and learning and memory. Using gene targeting technology, we generated a strain of mice deficient in the delta subunit of the GABA type A receptors. In vivo testing of various behavioral responses revealed a strikingly selective attenuation of responses to neuroactive steroids, but not to other modulatory drugs. Electrophysiological recordings from hippocampal slices revealed a significantly faster miniature inhibitory postsynaptic current decay time in null mice, with no change in miniature inhibitory postsynaptic current amplitude or frequency. Learning and memory assessed with fear conditioning were normal. These results begin to illuminate the novel contributions of the delta subunit to GABA pharmacology and sedative/hypnotic responses and behavior and provide insights into the physiology of neurosteroids.
Person-in-WiFi: Fine-grained Person Perception using WiFi (2019)

Fine-grained person perception such as body segmentation and pose estimation has been achieved with many 2D and 3D sensors such as RGB/depth cameras, radars (e.g., RF-Pose) and LiDARs. These sensors capture 2D pixels or 3D point clouds of person bodies with high spatial resolution, such that the existing Convolutional Neural Networks can be directly applied for perception. In this paper, we take one step forward to show that fine-grained person perception is possible even with 1D sensors: WiFi antennas. To our knowledge, this is the first work to perceive persons with pervasive WiFi devices, which is cheaper and power efficient than radars and LiDARs, invariant to illumination, and has little privacy concern comparing to cameras. We used two sets of off-the-shelf WiFi antennas to acquire signals, i.e., one transmitter set and one receiver set. Each set contains three antennas lined-up as a regular household WiFi router. The WiFi signal generated by a transmitter antenna, penetrates through and reflects on human bodies, furniture and walls, and then superposes at a receiver antenna as a 1D signal sample (instead of 2D pixels or 3D point clouds). We developed a deep learning approach that uses annotations on 2D images, takes the received 1D WiFi signals as inputs, and performs body segmentation and pose estimation in an end-to-end manner. Experimental results on over 100000 frames under 16 indoor scenes demonstrate that Person-in-WiFi achieved person perception comparable to approaches using 2D images.
Three irrigation systems for motorized arthroscopic surgery: A comparative experimental and clinical study (1989)

The purpose of this study was to compare experimentally and clinically three types of irrigation systems for arthroscopic suction surgery. A joint model was used in the experimental part of the study. It was found that a combination of inflow from a volume pump with extra gravity inflow through a separate cannula gave results comparable to those with more sophisticated automatic pumps. Clinically, none of the systems provided protection from high-pressure peaks during rapid movements of the knee joint. It was also found that the pressure differed in the superior and posteromedial compartments of the knee during rapid movement.
Competing Risks Model in Early Screening for Preeclampsia by Biophysical and Biochemical Markers (2012)

A new model has been developed for effective first-trimester screening for PE.
New cleavable surfactants derived from glucono‐1,5‐lactone (1994)

Abstract New amido nonionic cleavable surfactants were synthesized in good yields by the acetalization of glucono‐1,5‐lactone with octanal, 2‐octanone or 2‐undecanone, followed by amidation with monoethanolamine, diethanolamine or morpholine. These compounds possessed good water solubilities. The compounds derived from 2‐octanone showed higher critical micelle concentrations than the compounds from octanal. For the same hydrophobic chain, both the micelle‐forming property and the ability to lower surface tension increased with the change in the terminal amide group in the order diethanolamide<morpholide<monoethanolamide. Interestingly, in spite of their relatively short hydrophobic chains, these compounds showed greater ability to lower surface tension than conventional nonionic surfactants, such as alcohol ethoxylates. Furthermore, their acid‐decomposition properties were determined. Their decomposition rates were also compared with that of the corresponding carboxylate type of compound derived from glucono‐1,5‐lactone.
All‐Solid‐State Synaptic Transistor with Ultralow Conductance for Neuromorphic Computing (2018)

Abstract Electronic synaptic devices are important building blocks for neuromorphic computational systems that can go beyond the constraints of von Neumann architecture. Although two‐terminal memristive devices are demonstrated to be possible candidates, they suffer from several shortcomings related to the filament formation mechanism including nonlinear switching, write noise, and high device conductance, all of which limit the accuracy and energy efficiency. Electrochemical three‐terminal transistors, in which the channel conductance can be tuned without filament formation provide an alternative platform for synaptic electronics. Here, an all‐solid‐state electrochemical transistor made with Li ion–based solid dielectric and 2D α‐phase molybdenum oxide (α‐MoO 3 ) nanosheets as the channel is demonstrated. These devices achieve nonvolatile conductance modulation in an ultralow conductance regime (<75 nS) by reversible intercalation of Li ions into the α‐MoO 3 lattice. Based on this operating mechanism, the essential functionalities of synapses, such as short‐ and long‐term synaptic plasticity and bidirectional near‐linear analog weight update are demonstrated. Simulations using the handwritten digit data sets demonstrate high recognition accuracy (94.1%) of the synaptic transistor arrays. These results provide an insight into the application of 2D oxides for large‐scale, energy‐efficient neuromorphic computing networks.