gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Pessary use in pelvic organ prolapse and urinary incontinence. (2010)

With the aging population in the United States, there has been a renewed interest in pessaries as a conservative alternative to surgical repair for pelvic organ prolapse (POP). They present a good option for patients who have not completed childbearing, do not desire surgery, or are poor surgical candidates. Long-term pessary use is a safe and effective option for patients with POP and stress urinary incontinence. Although serious side effects are infrequent, insertion and removal of most pessary types still pose a challenge for many patients. Pessary design should continue to improve, making its use a more attractive option.
Analyzing high‐density oligonucleotide gene expression array data (2001)

We have developed methods and identified problems associated with the analysis of data generated by high-density, oligonuceotide gene expression arrays. Our methods are aimed at accounting for many of the sources of variation that make it difficult, at times, to realize consistent results. We present here descriptions of some of these methods and how they impact the analysis of oligonucleotide gene expression array data. We will discuss the process of recognizing the “spots” (or features) on the Affymetrix GeneChip® probe arrays, correcting for background and intensity gradients in the resulting images, scaling/normalizing an array to allow array-to-array comparisons, monitoring probe performance with respect to hybridization efficiency, and assessing whether a gene is present or differentially expressed. Examples from the analyses of gene expression validation data are presented to contrast the different methods applied to these types of data. J. Cell. Biochem. 80:192–202, 2000. © 2000 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Operating system support for interface virtualisation of reconfigurable coprocessors (2004)

Reconfigurable systems-on-chip (SoC) consist of large field programmable gate arrays (FPGAs) and standard processors. The reconfigurable logic can be used for application-specific coprocessors to speedup execution of applications. The widespread use is limited by the complexity of interfacing software applications with coprocessors. We present a virtualization layer that lowers the interfacing complexity and improves the portability. The layer shifts the burden of moving data between processor and coprocessor from the programmer to the operating system (OS). A reconfigurable SoC running Linux is used to prove the concept.
Lyssavirus Vaccine with a Chimeric Glycoprotein Protects across Phylogroups (2020)

Rabies is nearly 100% lethal in the absence of treatment, killing an estimated 59,000 people annually. Vaccines and biologics are highly efficacious when administered properly. Sixteen rabies-related viruses (lyssaviruses) are similarly lethal, but some are divergent enough to evade protection from current vaccines and biologics, which are based only on the classical rabies virus (RABV). Here we present the development and characterization of LyssaVax, a vaccine featuring a structurally designed, functional chimeric glycoprotein (G) containing immunologically important domains from both RABV G and the highly divergent Mokola virus (MOKV) G. LyssaVax elicits high titers of antibodies specific to both RABV and MOKV Gs in mice. Immune sera also neutralize a range of wild-type lyssaviruses across the major phylogroups. LyssaVax-immunized mice are protected against challenge with recombinant RABV and MOKV. Altogether, LyssaVax demonstrates the utility of structural modeling in vaccine design and constitutes a broadened lyssavirus vaccine candidate.
Large-Scale Multilingual Speech Recognition with a Streaming End-to-End Model (2019)

Multilingual end-to-end (E2E) models have shown great promise in expansion of automatic speech recognition (ASR) coverage of the world's languages.They have shown improvement over monolingual systems, and have simplified training and serving by eliminating language-specific acoustic, pronunciation, and language models.This work presents an E2E multilingual system which is equipped to operate in low-latency interactive applications, as well as handle a key challenge of real world data: the imbalance in training data across languages.Using nine Indic languages, we compare a variety of techniques, and find that a combination of conditioning on a language vector and training language-specific adapter layers produces the best model.The resulting E2E multilingual model achieves a lower word error rate (WER) than both monolingual E2E models (eight of nine languages) and monolingual conventional systems (all nine languages).
A Modified Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay for the Detection of Avian Pneumovirus Antibodies (2000)

Avian pneumovirus (APV) infection of turkeys in Minnesota was first confirmed in March 1997. Serum samples (n = 5,194) from 539 submissions to Minnesota Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory were tested by a modified enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Of these, 2,528 (48.7%) samples from 269 submissions were positive and 2,666 (51.3%) samples from 270 submissions were negative for APV antibodies. Most positive samples were from Kandiyohi, Stearns, Morrison, and Meeker counties in Minnesota. In addition, 10 samples from South Dakota were positive. The sensitivity and specificity of the ELISA test with anti-chicken and anti-turkey conjugates were compared by testing field and experimental sera. The ELISA test with anti-turkey conjugate was more sensitive than that with anti-chicken conjugate. The ELISA tests with antigens prepared with APV strains isolated from Colorado and Minnesota were also compared. No difference was detectable. Currently, the Minnesota Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory uses an antigen prepared from the Colorado isolate of APV and a goat anti-turkey conjugate in the ELISA test.
Challenging the limit of single mask exposure (2002)

IDEALSmile is introduced as a new exposure technique. Since we have realized k<SUB>1</SUB> equals 0.29, k<SUB>1</SUB> equals 0.32 optical lithography is now achievable. In this paper IDEALSmile is targeted for contact hole patterns. The results validate that it is possible to simultaneously fabricate 110 nm (k<SUB>1</SUB> 0.32) half-pitch dense and isolated contact hole patterns using Canon FPA-5000ES3 (KrF, NA equals 0.73). Furthermore, our experimental results also show that it is possible to fabricate different half-pitch patterns at the same exposure dose, which is impossible by conventional methods. Since these results are obtained using binary mask and the modified illumination with single exposure, there are no concerns with regards to decrease in throughput and increase in cost of ownership. By attaining k<SUB>1</SUB> equals 0.32 for contact hole patterns using binary mask with single exposure, printing 100 nm contact hole patterns can be achieved with single exposure using KrF lithography, such as the Canon FPA-5000ES4 (KrF, NA equals 0.80) scanner which will soon make its market debut. ArF or F2 lithography is effective as for contact hole patterns below the 100 nm node. There is no doubt that optical microlithography will continue for some time.
Pad Surface Treatment to Control Performance of Chemical Mechanical Planarization (2008)

The polishing pad plays a key role in chemical mechanical polishing. Abrasive particles are held on the polishing pad. The work piece surface is polished when the abrasive particles are pressed against the surface by pad asperity. A significant feature of the pad is its surface asperities. Pad asperities have different amplitudes and frequency components. A small amplitude and high-frequency components will result in roughness, whereas a large amplitude and low-frequency components will result in waviness of pad. The conventional polishing pad is a polymer sheet that has asperities and viscoelasticity; thus pressure under the wafer is unevenly distributed because of the asperities on pad surface. In this research, we chose the mechanical treatment method for controlling the asperities. The buffing process is one method of mechanical surface treatment. In the buffing process, changed roughness affects the physical properties of pad such as viscoelasticity, compressibility, recovery, deformation amount, wettability. The purpose of the buffing process is to control the polishing performance of pad by controlling pad waviness and roughness. In this research, urethane pad for chemical mechanical planarization is studied. Results show that the pad profile affects the stability of the polishing process and break-in process, whereas the removal rate of wafer depends on the pad surface roughness. We found that the mechanical surface treatment of the pad is useful for controlling the polishing performance.
Computer Protocol Facilitates Evidence-Based Care of Sepsis in the Surgical Intensive Care Unit (2011)

Our comprehensive sepsis protocol has enabled rapid and consistent implementation of evidence-based care, and, implemented as a bedside CP, contributed to decreased mortality rate for management of surgical sepsis.
Divided-pulse amplification of ultrashort pulses (2007)

We propose and demonstrate a new approach, to the best of our knowledge, for avoiding nonlinear effects in the amplification of ultrashort optical pulses. The initial pulse is divided longitudinally into a sequence of lower-energy pulses that are otherwise identical to the original, except for the polarization. The low-intensity pulses are amplified and then recombined to create a final intense pulse. This divided-pulse amplification complements techniques based on dispersion management.
Microfluidic train station: highly robust and multiplexable sorting of droplets on electric rails (2017)

Fluorescence-activated droplet sorting (FADS) has become a widely used technique for high-throughput screening applications. However, existing methods are very sensitive to fluctuating flow rates at the sorting junction, which can be caused by the pulsing effects of mechanical pumps, droplet aggregates or the accumulation of precipitates during lengthy biological screening applications. Furthermore, existing sorting devices allow only 2-way sorting. We present here a dielectrophoretic sorting system in which the droplets are sorted along multiple electrode pairs that run parallel to the channels. This enables highly reliable sorting (no errors were detected for more than 2000 sorting events) even when inverting the relative flow rates at a 2-way sorting junction from 80 : 20 to 20 : 80. Furthermore, our toolbox is scalable: we demonstrate on the example of a triple-colour sorting experiment with a total of four decoupled electrodes that multi-way sorting is feasible.
Characterization of the Murine μ Opioid Receptor Gene (1995)

The analgesic and addictive properties of morphine and other opioid drugs are thought to result from their interaction with mu opioid receptors. Using a delta opioid receptor cDNA as a probe, we have isolated a murine mu opioid receptor cDNA clone (mMOR). Stable expression of mMOR in Chinese hamster ovary cells conferred high binding affinity for mu receptor ligands including morphine and [D-Ala2,N-methyl-Phe4,Gly5-ol]-enkephalin and low affinity for delta and kappa preferring ligands. Treatment of these cell lines with morphine and other mu agonists inhibited forskolin-induced cAMP accumulation, demonstrating a functional coupling of mMOR to the inhibition of adenylate cyclase. The predicted amino acid sequence of mMOR shares approximately 55% overall amino acid identity with the delta receptor and approximately 97% identity with the recently reported rat mu opioid receptor. Expression of the mu receptor in mouse brain as revealed by in situ hybridization parallels the reported pattern of distribution of mu-selective ligand binding sites. Chromosomal localization (to mouse chromosome 10) and Southern analysis are consistent with a single mu opioid receptor gene in the mouse genome, suggesting that the various pharmacologically distinct forms of the mu receptor arise from alternative splicing, post-translational events, or from a highly divergent gene(s).
Association of Vitamin K epoxide reductase complex 1 (VKORC1) variants with warfarin dose in a Hong Kong Chinese patient population (2005)

VKORC1 genotype is the dominant genetic influence on inter-individual variability in warfarin dose in Hong Kong Chinese. The lower mean dose of warfarin in Chinese, relative to Europeans, appears to be a reflection of their preponderance of the 'low-dose' VKORC1 H1/H1 (homozygous group A) genotype.
ARssist: augmented reality on a head‐mounted display for the first assistant in robotic surgery (2018)

In robot-assisted laparoscopic surgery, the first assistant (FA) is responsible for tasks such as robot docking, passing necessary materials, manipulating hand-held instruments, and helping with trocar planning and placement. The performance of the FA is critical for the outcome of the surgery. The authors introduce <i>ARssist</i>, an augmented reality application based on an optical see-through head-mounted display, to help the FA perform these tasks. <i>ARssist</i> offers (i) real-time three-dimensional rendering of the robotic instruments, hand-held instruments, and endoscope based on a hybrid tracking scheme and (ii) real-time stereo endoscopy that is configurable to suit the FA's hand-eye coordination when operating based on endoscopy feedback. <i>ARssist</i> has the potential to help the FA perform his/her task more efficiently, and hence improve the outcome of robot-assisted laparoscopic surgeries.
On the Mismanagement and Maliciousness of Networks (2014)

Author(s): Jing Zhang, Zakir Durumeric, Michael Bailey, Mingyan Liu and Manish Karir Download: Paper (PDF) Date: 22 Feb 2014 Document Type: Briefing Papers Additional Documents: Slides Associated Event: NDSS Symposium 2014 Abstract: We systematically explore the widely held, anecdotal belief that mismanaged networks are responsible for a wide range of security incidents. Utilizing Internet-scale measurements … Continued
Eyetracked optical see-through head-mounted display as an AAC device (2014)

An eye-tracked head-mounted display (ET-HMD) system is able to display virtual images as a classical headmounted display (HMD) does, while additionally tracking the gaze direction of the user. An HMD with fullyintegrated eyetracking capability offers multi-fold benefits, not only to fundamental scientific research but also to emerging applications of such technology. A key limitation of the state-of-the-art ET-HMD technology is the lack of compactness and portability. In this paper, we present an innovative design of a high resolution optical see-through ET-HMD system based on freeform optical technology. A prototype system is demonstrated, which offers a goggle-like compact form factor, non-obstructive see-through field of view, true high-definition image resolution for the virtual display, and better than 0.5 arc minute of angular resolution for the see-through view. We will demonstrate the application of the technology as an assistive and augmentative communication (AAC) device.
Information as a Service: Modeling and Realization (2007)

Service oriented architecture is enabling a new approach to the design and assembly of service-based solutions and environments, which promises a more fundamental alignment of business and I/T organizations in the enterprise, greater agility of applications by the exploitation of loose coupling, and opportunities for effective reuse and governance of business and I/T activities. Current methods and tools that support SOA development activities, however, have focused primarily on supporting business process and business logic. We discuss the application of SOA principles to enable the utilization of information as a service (IaaS), the benefits in unifying information and process service approaches to SOA, and key research challenges in modeling and realization for IaaS in the context of SOA development.
Endothelial dysfunction in hypercholesterolemia is corrected by L-arginine (1991)

Endothelin-1 elicited a concentration-dependent positive inotropic effect on the isolated rabbit, guinea pig, and rat, but not on the dog ventricular myocardium. The duration of isometric contractions was prolonged by endothelin-1 in a concentration-dependent manner, mainly by prolongation of relaxation time. Phorbol 12,13-dibutyrate (PDBu) (a tumor-promoting phorbol ester) inhibited the positive inotropic effect of endothelin-1, as well as myocardial alpha 1-adrenoceptor stimulation at low concentrations (10(-9) mol/l and above) without (10(-8) mol/l) or less (10(-7) mol/l) affecting the basal force of contraction, and the positive inotropic effect of beta-adrenoceptor stimulation. The present findings indicate that endothelin elicits a positive inotropic effect on mammalian ventricular myocardium, the characteristics of which are very similar to those of myocardial alpha-adrenoceptor stimulation.
Tunneling current through a quantum dot array (2001)

The tunneling current through a quantum dot array (QDA) is studied theoretically. Strong electron correlation effect is taken into account in the QDA in which the quantum dots provide a strong three-dimensional confinement effect. A mixed Hubbard and Anderson model is used to simulate the system. It is found that Coulomb charging splits the band resulting from interdot coupling into two subbands. The tunneling current is thus influenced significantly by both Coulomb charging and interdot coupling.
A Potent Systemically Active <i>N</i>-Acylethanolamine Acid Amidase Inhibitor that Suppresses Inflammation and Human Macrophage Activation (2015)

Fatty acid ethanolamides such as palmitoylethanolamide (PEA) and oleoylethanolamide (OEA) are lipid-derived mediators that potently inhibit pain and inflammation by ligating type-α peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPAR-α). These bioactive substances are preferentially degraded by the cysteine hydrolase, N-acylethanolamine acid amidase (NAAA), which is highly expressed in macrophages. Here, we describe a new class of β-lactam derivatives that are potent, selective, and systemically active inhibitors of intracellular NAAA activity. The prototype of this class deactivates NAAA by covalently binding the enzyme's catalytic cysteine and exerts profound anti-inflammatory effects in both mouse models and human macrophages. This agent may be used to probe the functions of NAAA in health and disease and as a starting point to discover better anti-inflammatory drugs.
Galapagos: Model-driven discovery of end-to-end application-storage relationships in distributed systems (2008)

Modern business information systems are typically multi-tiered distributed systems comprising Web services, application services, databases, enterprise information systems, file systems, storage controllers, and other storage systems. In such environments, data is stored in different forms at multiple tiers, with each tier associated with some level of data abstraction. An information entity owned by an application generally maps to several data entities, logically associated across tiers and related to the application. Discovery of such relationships in a distributed system is a challenging problem, complicated by the widespread adoption of virtualization technologies and by the traditional tendency to manage each tier as an independent domain. In this paper, we present a system and methodology for model-driven discovery of end-to-end application–data relationships spanning multiple tiers, from the applications to the lowest levels of the storage hierarchy. The key to our methodology involves modeling how data is used and transformed by distributed software components. An important benefit of our system, which we call Galapagos, is the ability to reflect business decisions expressed at the application level to the level of storage.
Predicting response to initial therapy with interferon plus ribavirin in chronic hepatitis C using serum HCV RNA results during therapy (2001)

In patients with chronic hepatitis C, 48 weeks of therapy with interferon (IFN) plus ribavirin results in a sustained virologic response of 40%. Preliminary analysis suggests that measuring HCV RNA at week 24, rather than week 12, might provide the best prediction of treatment response. To assess the clinical utility of serum HCV RNA determinations at different times during therapy as a predictor of a sustained virologic response we evaluated 912 treatment-naïve patients. Patients were randomized to receive IFN-alpha2b, 3 million units (MU) three times weekly (tiw), for 24 or 48 weeks with either ribavirin or placebo, and then followed for 24 weeks. Serum HCV RNA was measured at weeks 4 and 12 in patients treated for 24 weeks; at 4, 12, and 24 weeks during therapy in those treated for 48 weeks, and week 24 post-therapy in all patients. Sustained response was defined as loss of serum HCV RNA at week 24 follow-up. Other patients were considered virologic nonresponders. For patients receiving 48 weeks of combination therapy, detectable serum HCV RNA at week 24 predicted nonresponse (positive predictive value) in 99% of patients compared to 89% at week 12. In patients treated for 24 weeks, testing at week 12 was more predictive of nonresponse than testing at week 4 in the combination-therapy group but not in the monotherapy group. Hence, for combination therapy, testing for serum HCV RNA as a predictor of nonresponse is most accurate at week 24 of therapy; a positive test correctly identified 99% of nonresponders.
Efficient Sensitization of Lanthanide Luminescence by Tetrazole-Based Polydentate Ligands (2008)

Tetrazolate groups have been included by a convenient synthetic route in diverse ligand topologies, which have allowed the incorporation of lanthanide ions into highly luminescent double- and triple-helical complexes, demonstrating their potential for the expansion of lanthanide chemistry and the development of lanthanide-based applications.