gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
The Evolution of S100B Inhibitors for the Treatment of Malignant Melanoma (2012)

Malignant melanoma continues to be an extremely fatal cancer due to a lack of viable treatment options for patients. The calcium-binding protein S100B has long been used as a clinical biomarker, aiding in malignant melanoma staging and patient prognosis. However, the discovery of p53 as a S100B target and the consequent impact on cell apoptosis redirected research efforts towards the development of inhibitors of this S100B-p53 interaction. Several approaches, including computer-aided drug design, fluorescence polarization competition assays, NMR, x-ray crystallography and cell-based screens have been performed to identify compounds that block the S100B-p53 association, reactivate p53 transcriptional activities and induce cancer cell death. Eight promising compounds, including pentamidine, are presented in this review and the potential for future modifications is discussed. Synthesis of compound derivatives will likely exhibit increased S100B affinity and mimic important S100B-target dynamic properties that will result in high specificity.
LLDPE‐based mono‐ and multilayer blown films: Effect of processing parameters on properties (2005)

Abstract In this study we investigated the effect of processing parameters on the end‐use properties of mono‐ and five‐layer coextruded polyethylene (PE) blown films using three different linear low‐density PE (LLDPE) resins. The three investigated LLDPEs were a conventional Ziegler‐Natta gas phase ethylene‐butene copolymer, and two solution ethylene‐octene resins produced with Ziegler‐Natta and single‐site catalysts. The octene copolymers were produced using NOVA Chemicals Advanced SCLAIRTECH™ process and catalyst technologies. It was found that within the investigated range of processing conditions, tear strength increased in the direction perpendicular to the highest orientation, impact and puncture strength increased with the overall orientation, and the effect of orientation due to shear stresses in the die was negligible because of rapid macromolecular relaxation before crystallization. Finally, it was also shown that due to changes in the size of the crystallites, haze increased with die gap and frost line height (FLH), and decreased as take‐up speed (TUS) increased. POLYM. ENG. SCI., 45:1214–1221, 2005. © 2005 Society of Plastics Engineers
<b>Active disk paxos</b> with infinitely many processes (2002)

We present an improvement to the Disk Paxos protocol by Gafni and Lamport which utilizes extended functionality and flexibility provided by Active Disks and supports unmediated concurrent data access by an unlimited number of processes. The solution facilitates coordination by an infinite number of clients using finite shared memory. It is based on a collection of read-modify-write objects with faults, that emulate a new, reliable shared memory abstraction called a ranked register. The required read-modify-write objects are readily available in Active Disks and in Object Storage Device controllers, making our solution suitable for state-of-the-art Storage Area Network (SAN) environments.
Anal human papillomavirus infection and anal cancer in HIV-positive individuals (1994)

From the Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, California, USA.
Using expanded genetic alphabets to simplify high-throughput genetic testing (2006)

DNA is the only chemistry that allows for molecular recognition on demand. Unlike any other molecular recognition chemistry, DNA enables the simple design and rapid synthesis of molecule sets that will recognize each other and self-assemble into nanostructures. In molecular diagnostics, DNA is used to capture complementary sequences in order to decode complex mixes. Expanding DNA chemistry to include additional base pairs enables a more precise manipulation of nanostructures constructed with DNA. MultiCode technology is that type of expanded DNA chemistry. The technology exploits DNA hydrogen bonding patterns that differ from natural DNA, thereby enabling a simple means of transcending problems that are otherwise unsolvable. Made up of additional base pairs (not simply single bases), MultiCode technology is used today to decode sequences in an orthogonal manner to natural DNA. This review will discuss MultiCode technology and specifically focus on how the technology can be used to build molecular testing platforms.
Regulating the Balance between Peroxisome Proliferator-activated Receptor γ and β-Catenin Signaling during Adipogenesis (2004)

The differentiation of preadipocytes into adipocytes requires the suppression of canonical Wnt signaling, which appears to involve a peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARgamma)-associated targeting of beta-catenin to the proteasome. In fact, sustained activation of beta-catenin by expression of Wnt1 or Wnt 10b in preadipocytes blocks adipogenesis by inhibiting PPARgamma-associated gene expression. In this report, we investigated the mechanisms regulating the balance between beta-catenin and PPARgamma signaling that determines whether mouse fibroblasts differentiate into adipocytes. Specifically, we show that activation of PPARgamma by exposure of Swiss mouse fibroblasts to troglitazone stimulates the degradation of beta-catenin, which depends on glycogen synthase kinase (GSK) 3beta activity. Mutation of serine 37 (a target of GSK3beta) to an alanine renders beta-catenin resistant to the degradatory action of PPARgamma. Ectopic expression of the GSK3beta phosphorylation-defective S37A-beta-catenin in Swiss mouse fibroblasts expressing PPARgamma stimulates the canonical Wnt signaling pathway without blocking their troglitazone-dependent differentiation into lipid-laden cells. Analysis of protein expression in these cells, however, shows that S37A-beta-catenin inhibits a select set of adipogenic genes because adiponectin expression is completely blocked, but FABP4/aP2 expression is unaffected. Furthermore, the mutant beta-catenin appears to have no affect on the ability of PPARgamma to bind to or transactivate a PPAR response element. The S37A-beta-catenin-associated inhibition of adiponectin expression coincides with an extensive decrease in the abundance of C/EBPalpha in the nuclei of the differentiated mouse fibroblasts. Taken together, these data suggest that GSKbeta is a key regulator of the balance between beta-catenin and PPARgamma activity and that activation of canonical Wnt signaling downstream of PPARgamma blocks expression of a select subset of adipogenic genes.
Solving local structure around dopants in metal nanoparticles with ab initio modeling of X-ray absorption near edge structure (2016)

We adopted ab initio X-ray absorption near edge structure (XANES) modeling for structural refinement of local environments around metal impurities in a large variety of materials. Our method enables both direct modeling, where the candidate structures are known, and the inverse modeling, where the unknown structural motifs are deciphered from the experimental spectra. We present also estimates of systematic errors, and their influence on the stability and accuracy of the obtained results. We illustrate our approach by revealing the evolution of local environment of palladium atoms in palladium-doped gold thiolate clusters upon chemical and thermal treatments.
Thin Electrolytes on Metal‐Supported Fuel Cells (2013)

Abstract This work focuses on the deposition of thin‐film electrolytes. Sol–Gel Spin‐coating technique has been used to create thin films and subsequent characterization of the different sub‐surfaces has been undertaken. The substrates are composed of ferritic oxide strengthened Fe–Cr alloy (ITM). A common challenge in coating these supports is their high roughness and porosity in comparison with state‐of‐the‐art ceramic substrates. Here, the nickel and 8 mol.% yttria‐stabilized zirconia (8YSZ) based anode is made of graded layers, which reduces the roughness and porosity of the metal support. The quality of the thin spin‐coated electrolyte‐layers depends on the microstructure of the sub‐surface. Influencial variables are the surface roughness, the pore size and its depth. To understand the dependencies between these variables and the coating properties, analyses with various optical measurement methods have been carried out prior to coating. Standard roughness detection using optical profilometry and confocal laser scanning microscopy were compared for surface characterization. The Sobel edge detection method was used to analyze images and was able to clearly reveal defects. The fabricated electrolytes have a thickness ∼0.5 μm with leak rates of 1 – 10×10 –4 (hPa dm 3 s –1 cm –2 ) against air of metallic supported cells with a reduced anode, which are comparable to those of anode‐supported cells.
Detection of Influenza Antigen with Rapid Antibody‐Based Tests after Intranasal Influenza Vaccination (FluMist) (2004)

Rapid tests for influenza antigen detection are frequently used, but it is not known how receipt of intranasal influenza vaccine affects results of these tests. We tested healthy adults who received either intranasal or intramuscular influenza vaccine. Of the 14 intranasal vaccine recipients, 7 (50%) had a direct fluorescent antibody test (DFA) result and 2 (14%) had an enzyme immunoassay (EIA) result that was positive for influenza antigen within 7 days after vaccination. No subjects had positive EIA results on day 12 or 13 after vaccination. For some intranasal vaccine recipients, rapid influenza-antigen detection tests yield positive results within 1 week after vaccination.
Preparation and properties of liquid crystalline alkyd resin with <i>para</i>‐hydroxybenzoic acid mesogenic side chain (1992)

Abstract Liquid crystalline (LC) alkyd resins with mesogenic side chains are prepared with the following three methods: (a) grafting p ‐hydroxybenzoic acid (PHBA) to hydroxy‐terminated alkyd resin, (b) grafting PHBA to carboxyl‐terminated alkyd resin, and (c) grafting PHBA to an excess succinic anhydride‐modified alkyd resin. Dicyclohexylcarbodiimide (DCC) is employed to react with formed water in promoting esterification of PHBA with alkyd at room temperature. Pyridine is used as a solvent, and the catalytic amounts of p ‐toluene‐sulfonic acid ( p ‐TSA) is added to suppress side reaction and to promote esterification. Grafting efficiency (% GE) is estimated to range from 70 to 95%. The character of liquid crystallinity is imparted only when at least two or more aromatic units of PHBA are connected to form the rodlike mesogenic side chain. At present, we have found that LC alkyd resins have the following merits: the polymer solution viscosity is reduced; the coating's dry‐to‐touch time is reduced; and the coating film is both hardened and toughened and has excellent resistance to water and acid. © 1992 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Glutamine Affects Glutathione Recycling Enzymes in a DMBA-Induced Breast Cancer Model (2008)

Malignancy depletes host glutathione (GSH) levels to increase treatment-related toxicity and increases itself to resist the treatments. Our previous studies have shown that dietary glutamine (GLN) prevented 7,12-dimethylbenz[a]anthracene (DMBA)-induced mammary tumors through enhancing gut GSH release and reducing tumor GSH level. In addition, GSH synthesis, metabolism, and recycling are accomplished in gamma-glutamyl cycle. We hypothesized that the GLN prevention might be through a differential regulation of the gamma-glutamyl cycle enzymes. Female Sprague-Dawley rats were randomized into DMBA-tumor bearing, DMBA-treated, and control groups subdivided into GLN and water groups. GLN supplementation was given at 1 g/kg/day by gastric gavage. The activities and messenger RNA levels of gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase (GTP), gamma-glutamylcysteine synthetase (GCS), 5-oxo-L-prolinase (OPase), gamma-glutamyl transferase (GTF), and glutaminase (GLNase) were determined in gut mucosa and breast tumor using specific enzyme assays and semiquantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction. GLN upregulated gut GTP, GCS, OPase, and GLNase in DMBA-tumor bearing, DMBA-treated, and/or control rats; however, it downregulated these enzymes in the tumor. The paradoxical effect of GLN on key GSH recycling enzymes in the gut versus tumor suggests that dietary supplemental GLN could be used in the clinical practice to increase the therapeutic index of cancer treatments by protecting normal tissues from, and sensitizing tumor cells to, chemotherapy and radiation-related injury.
Hysteroscopic tubal occlusion with formed-in-place silicone plugs. (1982)

One hundred sixty-one patients underwent hysteroscopic tubal occlusion with formed-in-place silicone rubber plugs over 8 months. In 86% bilateral plug placement was successful with the patient under local anesthesia in an office setting. There have been no pregnancies in 683 woman-months of sterilization to date. The procedure is seen as an effective alternative to current methods of female sterilization. The advantage of the procedure over laparoscopic sterilization is discussed.
Mathematical model and experimental verification of shape memory alloy for designing micro actuator (2002)

An advanced mathematical model of a shape memory alloy (SMA) useful for designing SMA micro-devices is proposed and applied to coil spring theory to analyze the appropriate mechanical and electrical characteristics. This model can handle three phases of the SMA: the parent phase, the martensitic phase, and the R-phase. of three steps. First, the mechanical properties of the three phases are modeled at the solid mechanics level. Second, a model of thermoelectric transformation is obtained at the thermodynamic level. Finally, the first and second steps are combined. The model was applied to coil spring theory and was verified successfully by experiments under general conditions.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Blue Phase, Smectic Fluids, and Unprecedented Sequences in Liquid Crystal Dimers (2006)

Several optically pure liquid crystal dimers with strong molecular chirality, synthesized by covalently linking an achiral bent-core unit with a bulky pro-mesogenic rodlike chiral entity through a flexible spacer, display amorphous blue phase, smectic phases, and new sequences.
Synchronization of Bioelectric Oscillations in Networks of Nonexcitable Cells: From Single-Cell to Multicellular States (2019)

Biological networks use collective oscillations for information processing tasks. In particular, oscillatory membrane potentials have been observed in nonexcitable cells and bacterial communities where specific ion channel proteins contribute to the bioelectric coordination of large populations. We aim at describing theoretically the oscillatory spatiotemporal patterns that emerge at the multicellular level from the single-cell bioelectric dynamics. To this end, we focus on two key questions: (i) What single-cell properties are relevant to multicellular behavior? (ii) What properties defined at the multicellular level can allow an external control of the bioelectric dynamics? In particular, we explore the interplay between transcriptional and translational dynamics and membrane potential dynamics in a model multicellular ensemble, describe the spatiotemporal patterns that arise when the average electric potential allows groups of cells to act as a coordinated multicellular patch, and characterize the resulting synchronization phenomena. The simulations concern bioelectric networks and collective communication across different scales based on oscillatory and synchronization phenomena, thus shedding light on the physiological dynamics of a wide range of endogenous contexts across embryogenesis and regeneration.
Integrated bio/chemical microsystems employing optical detection: the clip-on (1998)

The fabrication and test of a new integrated optical detection circuit, which can be coupled to external microcapillary analysis systems, is presented. Simple optical waveguide and photodiode circuits, as well as the system for coupling light through the external microcapillary chemical transport system, are included on the same silicon, `clip-on', chip. A chemical reaction taking place in the external microcapillary system, which gives rise to a change in absorbance or luminescence, is detected as the reaction front moves past the optical detection circuit. Mesa photodiode structures are butt coupled to multilayer glass optical waveguides and have responsivities of about 0.5 plus a broad spectral response. The buried optical waveguide structures, which are formed in low loss (0.5 dB ) germanium doped core glass, couple very effectively to the mesa diodes. Light is coupled to the waveguides via optical fibers which are fastened to the chip by means of simple connectors etched into the silicon. Fluids are transported to and from the chip by means of quartz microcapillary, similarly fastened to the chip by means of an integrated connector.
Selection of amine combination for CO2 capture in a packed bed scrubber (2016)

This investigation was to test different blends of tertiary amine; triethanolamine (TEA) into primary amine; Monoethanolamine (MEA) used to capture CO2 in packed bed scrubber with recycle stream. Four different operating parameters: Amine Combination (A), Dilution Water (B), Liquid Flow rate (C), and Gas Flow rate (D) were varied to study the behavior of the system. Moreover, Taguchi method was employed to establish the order of importance of different parameters in the process. A 4 factor and 3 level was chosen for the study and it was explored using L9 (34) orthogonal array design. According to 3-level design 0%, 20% and 30% were chosen for A, 10%, 20% and 30% for B, 1 Lmin−1, 1.5 Lmin−1 and 2 Lmin−1 for C, 8 Lmin−1, 16 Lmin−1 and 20 Lmin−1 for D. To understand the effectiveness order of different operating parameters, three factors namely Absorption efficiency (E), Absorption Rate (RA), and Scrubbing Factor (E) were calculated upon which the order was compared. The highest efficiency of 92.2% was achieved with 20% TEA. However, with 30% of TEA and 20% solvent mix maximum scrubbing factor (E) of 0.63 mol-CO2/mol-Solvent was achieved. As per Taguchi analysis the significance sequence for absorption efficiency (ϕ) was B > C > D > A; for absorption rate C > B > D > A and for scrubbing factor it was C > B > D > A. The blending of tertiary amine seemed advantageous for carbon dioxide capture process.
Prehospital Loss of R-to-R Interval Complexity is Associated With Mortality in Trauma Patients (2007)

Prehospital loss of RRI complexity, as evidenced by decreased entropy, was associated with mortality in trauma patients independent of GCS score or Injury Severity Score.
Optimum positioning of interleaved repeaters in bidirectional buses (2005)

It is shown in this paper that the optimum position of interleaved repeaters for minimum delay and noise is not the midpoint as commonly practiced. A closed-form solution for the optimum position has been derived in this paper and verified by simulation. Bidirectional buses with the optimum interleaved repeater position are compared to commonly used bidirectional buses and shown to provide an improvement greater than 50% in the propagation delay and bit-rate per unit area. The area of the induced noise pulse on victim lines is shown to be zero indicating that the aggressor lines are virtually static with the optimum repeater position. The presented optimum repeater positioning also provides lower noise pulse amplitude as well as lower sensitivity of propagation delay and noise pulse peak to segment length variation, compared to commonly used midway repeater positioning.
Fluorescent Caged Phosphoserine Peptides as Probes to Investigate Phosphorylation-Dependent Protein Associations (2003)

The development of chemical probes for the investigation of the complex phosphorylation signaling cascades that regulate biological events is crucial to understanding these processes. We describe herein a bifunctional probe that enables spatial and temporal release of a biologically active ligand while allowing simultaneous monitoring of its binding to the protein of interest. Substitution of Tyr(-2) for the enviromentally sensitive fluorescent amino acid DANA in the sequence RLYRpSLPA which is known to bind the 14-3-3 protein does not adversely affect binding affinity and allows monitoring of the binding process. The binding of the peptide to 14-3-3 places the fluorescent reporter unit into a hydrophobic pocket, which changes the fluorescent maximum emission intensity and wavelength. At the same time, the newly developed photolabile 1-(2-nitrophenyl)ethyl-caged phosphoserine allows control of the release of the biologically active ligand through unmasking of the key phosphoserine functionality upon UV irradiation.
28‐2: A Novel OLED Display Panel with High‐Reliability Integrated Gate Driver Circuit using IGZO TFTs for Large‐Sized UHD TVs (2018)

We present a novel OLED display panel with high‐reliability integrated gate driver circuit using IGZO TFTs. Our gate driver circuit can drive a large‐sized OLED display not only for displaying images but also for sensing TFT characteristics for external compensation. It functions correctly even when the threshold voltage of TFTs is negative by reducing leakage currents. We have achieved a life time longer than 60,000 hours in a reliability test and successfully applied it to 55‐inch UHD, 65‐inch UHD and 55‐inch FHD OLED displays, which improves cost‐competitiveness of OLED displays against LCDs.
Improved safety factor for triphasic defibrillator waveforms. (1989)

Newly developed biphasic waveforms improve defibrillation efficacy both by reduction of defibrillation threshold and by amelioration of shock-induced dysfunction depending on the relative shape of the first and second pulses. Each of these independent effects improves the waveform's safety factor, the ratio between the shock intensity that produces a specific degree of postshock dysfunction and the shock intensity that produces defibrillation (or cellular excitation). Symmetrical waveforms reduce defibrillation threshold to about 60% that of the corresponding monophasic waveform, probably by reduction of excitation threshold for ischemic cells, but increase postshock arrhythmias. Biphasic waveforms with 10% "tails" reduce postshock arrhythmias. This study tests the hypothesis that these independent mechanisms for improvement of defibrillation efficacy can be combined into a single triphasic waveform that will have a higher safety factor than either of the two biphasic waveforms of which it is composed. Cultured myocardial cells were subjected to high-intensity electric-field stimulation with a control monophasic rectangular waveform, a symmetrical biphasic waveform, and a triphasic waveform consisting of the biphasic waveform with an added 10% "tail." Each waveform portion was 5 msec in duration. Photocell mechanograms monitored contractile activity. We found that the duration of postshock arrest of spontaneous contractile activity increased with stimulus intensity for all waveforms. The voltage gradient producing a 4-second arrest after the biphasic waveform shock was 80.6 +/- 1.3% that of the control waveform (100%), while the voltage gradient for the triphasic waveforms was 87.1 +/- 0.73% of control. The difference between biphasic and triphasic waveforms was significant (p less than 0.001).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Mapping multi-wavelet reentry without isochrones: an electrogram-guided approach to define substrate distribution (2014)

Electrogram frequency correlates with circuit density in MWR provided electrodes have high spatial resolution. Map-guided ablation is superior to no ablation and to blind/random ablation.