gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Smad7 as a positive regulator of intestinal inflammatory diseases (2023)

In physiological conditions, the human gut contains more immune cells than the rest of the body, but no overt tissue damage occurs, because several regulatory mechanisms control the activity of such cells thus preventing excessive and detrimental responses. One such mechanism relies on the action of transforming growth factor (TGF)-β1, a cytokine that targets both epithelial cells and many immune cell types. Loss of TGF-β1 function leads to intestinal pathology in both mice and humans. For instance, disruption of TGF-β1 signaling characterizes the destructive immune-inflammatory response in patients with Crohn's disease and patients with ulcerative colitis, the major human inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) entities. In these pathologies, the defective TGF-β1-mediated anti-inflammatory response is associated with elevated intestinal levels of Smad7, an antagonist of TGF-β1 signaling. Consistently, knockdown of Smad7 restores TGF-β1 function thereby attenuating intestinal inflammation in patients with IBD as well as in mice with IBD-like colitis. Up-regulation of Smad7 and reduced TGF-β1 signaling occurs also in necrotizing enterocolitis, environmental enteropathy, refractory celiac disease, and cytomegalovirus-induced colitis. In this article, we review the available data supporting the pathogenic role of Smad7 in the gastrointestinal tract and discuss whether and how targeting Smad7 can help attenuate detrimental immuno-inflammatory responses in the gut.
Air Deployed Oceanographic Mooring - AB1034 (1983)

In response to the need for low cost, rapidly deployed, deep ocean, instrumented data platforms, a program was sponsored by the Office of Naval Research to develop an Air Deployed Oceanographic Mooring (ADOM). This mooring consists of a subsurface buoy, taut moored by a cable with in line sensors, and contains a computer for data acquisition and processing. A surface float housing a satellite transmitter and antenna is tethered to the subsurface buoy by a compliant data line (Figure 1). The design evolved from a feasibility study, theoretical analyses, and testing in the laboratory, dockside, and at sea. ADOM is bolted together for launch as a single cylinder (Figure 2). The anchor shell contains the bottom finder assembly, mooring line, mooring lock-up mechansim, and sensor array. The computer controller is housed in the subsurface buoy. The parachute deploys from one end. The parachute is deployed in stages by explosive line cutters. It is released and the mooring deployed by explosive bolts fired in sequence using batteries activated by seawater. A one-year active life is attained by using low power "CMOS" for the processor, memory, and sensor circuits. A unique scheme was devised to address the sensors. An array of temperature sensors has been integrated into a single conductor armored cable. The program included a series of system deployments at sea. Temperature data were acquired by ADOM and telemetered to the shore station via the USAF LES- 9 satellite according to a pre-set schedule. The test program concluded with two air drops from a U.S. Marine Corps C-130 aircraft. These tests demonstrated that the Air Deployed Oceanographic Mooring is a practical method for ocean data acquisition.
Soluble Urokinase Receptor and Chronic Kidney Disease (2015)

An elevated level of suPAR was independently associated with incident chronic kidney disease and an accelerated decline in the eGFR in the groups studied. (Funded by the Abraham J. and Phyllis Katz Foundation and others.).
An ontology based scheme for sensor description in context awareness system (2015)

Sensor networks have been developed with an exponential speed in the last few decades. Sensor nodes are deployed to collect information for environmental monitoring, traffic control, civil information construction and other context awareness systems. The existing problems for sensor networks are sensor management and data sharing between sensors. Different ontology development methodologies and frameworks have been proposed by many research groups in various areas. They all agree that ontology is an adequate methodology to model sensors and their features, and allows data to be processed by machines. This paper proposes an ontology based scheme for describing sensors and their features. The suggested ontology is implemented using Protégé 4.3 and eventually evaluated utilizing the SPARQL language (Simple Protocol and RDF Query Language). The effectiveness of the presented ontology is proved by applying it to a building management system.
Compression of Nd:Yag Pulses to 1.8 Picoseconds (1984)

Pulses from a CW modelocked Nd:YAG laser have been compressed by 45 times to 1.8 picoseconds using single mode optical fiber and a compact grating pair dispersive delay line.
IWT-interactive watershed transform: a hierarchical method for efficient interactive and automated segmentation of multidimensional gray-scale images (2003)

In this paper we present the Interactive Watershed Transform (IWT) for efficient segmentation of multidimensional grayscale images. The IWT builds upon a fast immersion-based watershed transform (WT) followed by a hierarchical organization of the resulting basins in a tree structure. Each local image minimum is represented as an atomic basin at the lowest hierarchy level. The fast WT consists of two steps. First, all image elements are sorted according to their image intensity using a Bucket Sort algorithm. Second, each element is processed exactly once with respect to its neighborhood (e. g., 4, 6, and 8 direct neighbors for 2d, 3d, and 4d transform, respectively) in the specified order. Sort-ing, processing, and tree generation are of order O(n). After computing the WT, one global parameter, the so-called preflooding height, and an arbitrary number of markers are evaluated in real-time to control tree partitioning and basin merging. The IWT has been successfully applied to a large variety of medical images, e. g., for segmentation and volu-metry of neuroanatomic structures as well as bone segmentation, without making assumptions on the objects’ shapes. The IWT combines automation and efficient interactive control in a coherent algorithm while completely avoiding oversegmentation which is the major problem of the classical WT.
Virus-Like Vesicle-Based Therapeutic Vaccine Vectors for Chronic Hepatitis B Virus Infection (2015)

HBV infection is associated with significant morbidity and mortality. Furthermore, treatments for chronic infection are suboptimal and rarely result in complete elimination of the virus. Therapeutic vaccines represent a unique approach to HBV treatment and have the potential to induce long-term control of infection. Recently, a virus-based vector system that combines the nonstructural proteins of Semliki Forest virus with the VSV glycoprotein has been described. In this study, we used this system to construct a novel HBV vaccine and demonstrated that the vaccine is capable of inducing virus-specific immune responses in mouse models of acute and chronic HBV replication. These findings highlight the potential of this new vaccine system and support the idea that highly immunogenic vaccines, such as viral vectors, may be useful in the treatment of chronic hepatitis B.
Low phase noise 77-GHz fractional-N PLL with DLL-based reference frequency multiplier for FMCW radars (2011)

Two architectures of 77-GHz fractional-N phase-locked loops (PLLs) for FMCW radars are presented. Both architectures show good performance in terms of phase noise with −79 dBc/Hz at 100 kHz offset frequency. To achieve this, the integration of a delay-locked loop-based frequency multiplier for the reference signal in the PLL is proposed. It exhibits very low phase noise and proves to be an excellent alternative to other types of multipliers for lower frequencies.
A new parenteral cephalosporin. SK&F 59962: 7-trifluoromethylthioacetamido-3-(1-methyl-1H-tetrazol-5-ylthiomethyl)-3-cephem-4-carboxylic acid. Chemistry and structure activity relationships. (1975)

The synthesis, microbiological profile and in vivo effectiveness in laboratory animals of a series of cephalosporins having 7-acyl substituents derived from methylthioacetic acid are described. Structure-activity relationships examined include the effect of oxidation of the side-chain sulfur atom, replacement of the (side-chain) methyl hydrogens by fluorine and replacement of the 3-acetoxy substituent by thioheterocycles. One derivative, 7-trifluoromethylthioacetamido-3-(1-methyl-1H-tetrazol-5-ylthiomethyl)-3-cephem-4-carboxylic acid (SK&F 59962), was found to have outstanding antibacterial activity in vitro and in vivo.
Automated business application discovery (2015)

When planning a data center migration it is critical to discover the client's business applications and on which devices (server, storage and appliances) those applications are deployed in the infrastructure. It is also important to understand the dependencies the applications have on the infrastructure, on other applications, and in some cases on systems external to the client. Clients can only rarely provide that information in a complete and accurate manner. The usual approach then has been to obtain the information by asking the client's application and platform owners a series of questions but in most cases clients do not have the tools or skills to acquire the requested information. The lack of accurate information leads to project delays, increased cost and higher levels of risk. In this paper we present an algorithm and tools for programmatically identifying and locating business application instances in an infrastructure, based on weighted similarity metric. We discuss results from our preliminary evaluation and the correctness of the algorithm. Such automated approach to application discovery significantly helps clients to achieve their project objectives and timeline without imposing additional work on the application and platform owners.
Early Diagnosis of Diabetic Retinopathy in OCTA Images Based on Local Analysis of Retinal Blood Vessels and Foveal Avascular Zone (2018)

This paper introduces a diagnosis system for detecting early signs of diabetic retinopathy (DR) using optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA) images. We developed a segmentation technique that was able to extract blood vessels from both retinal superficial and deep maps. It is based on a higher order joint Markov-Gibbs random field (MGRF) model, which combines both current and spatial appearance information of retinal blood vessels. To be able to train/test a support vector machine (SVM) classifier, three local features were extracted from the segmented images. These extracted features are the density and appearance of the retinal blood vessels in addition to the distance map of the foveal avascular zone (FAZ). Then, we used SVM with linear kernel to distinguish sub-clinical DR patients from normal cases. By using 105 subjects, the presented computer-aided diagnosis (CAD) system demonstrated an overall accuracy (ACC) of 97.3 % and a Dice similarity coefficient (DSC) of 97.9%.
Virulence factors of Helicobacter pylori affecting its gastric colonization in Mongolian gerbils. (1999)

Helicobacter pylori is recognized to possess a number of virulence factors. We investigated the role of motility, vacuolating cytotoxin, and urease in gastric colonization by H. pylori. Mongolian gerbils (SPF, 7 weeks old) were challenged orally with a single administration of a 24-h culture broth of H. pylori and then were killed 6 and 26 weeks after challenge. Gastric colonization, severe gastritis, ulceration, and high levels of serum anti-H. pylori immunoglobulin G were observed in the gerbils challenged with strains motile in the semisolid medium (ATCC43504, HPY-127, HPY-204), but not in gerbils challenged with strains nonmotile in the medium (ATCC49503, HPY-205, HPY-206). Only strains ATCC43504, ATCC49503, HPY-204, and HPY-206 had vacuolating cytotoxin activity against HeLa and Vero cells. Thus, motile strains were able to colonize regardless of their vacuolating cytotoxin activities, and vacuolating cytotoxin was not associated with epithelial damage in the gastric mucosa. Furthermore, the phenotypic variants of strains with the ability to colonize that lacked either motility or urease activity lost their ability to colonize. In conclusion, motility and urease activity, but not vacuolating cytotoxin activity, are essential for gastric colonization by H. pylori in Mongolian gerbils.
Web Search Via Hub Synthesis (2008)

Small have continual plodders ever won save base authority from others books. — William Shakespeare, Loves Labours Lost. Act i. Sc. 1. They define themselves in terms of what they oppose. — George Will, On conservatives, Newsweek 30 Sep 74. We present a model for web search that captures in a unified manner three critical components of the problem: how the link structure of the web is generated, how the content of a web document is generated, and how a human searcher generates a query. The key to this unification lies in capturing the correlations between these components in terms of proximity in a shared latent semantic space. Given such a combined model, the correct answer to a search query is well defined, and thus it becomes possible to evaluate web search algorithms rigorously. We present a new web search algorithm, based on spectral techniques, and prove that it is guaranteed to produce an approximately correct answer in our model. The algorithm assumes no knowledge of the model, and is well-defined regardless of the model’s accuracy. 1.
Human angiotensin I competes with two non-thiol converting enzyme inhibitors (CGS 13934 & MK-422) to inhibit the angiotensin-converting enzyme activity of human plasma (1984)

A simple in-vitro enzyme system has been used to demonstrate that human angiotensin I interacts competitively with the two non-thiol converting enzyme inhibitors CGS 13934 and MK-422 to inhibit the hydrolysis of a synthetic substrate by human plasma ACE.
Inhibitors of cholesterol biosynthesis. 4. trans-6-[2-(Substituted-quinolinyl)ethenyl/ethyl]tetrahydro-4-hydroxy-2H-pyran-2-ones, a novel series of HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors (1991)

A series of substituted quinoline mevalonolactones were prepared and evaluated for their ability to inhibit the enzyme HMG-CoA reductase both in vitro and (cholesterol biosynthesis) in vivo. Since previous studies suggested that the 4-(4-fluorophenyl) and 2-(1-methylethyl) substituents afforded optimum potency, attention was focused on variations at position 6 of the quinoline ring. Biological evaluation of a small number of analogues bearing a variety of 6-substituents showed that modification at this position had little effect on potency. Several compounds (8b, 8e, and 11) were identified that showed comparable potency to compactin and mevinolin in both the in vitro and in vivo assays.
Mechanical Fracturing of Core-Shell Undercooled Metal Particles for Heat-Free Soldering (2016)

Phase-change materials, such as meta-stable undercooled (supercooled) liquids, have been widely recognized as a suitable route for complex fabrication and engineering. Despite comprehensive studies on the undercooling phenomenon, little progress has been made in the use of undercooled metals, primarily due to low yields and poor stability. This paper reports the use of an extension of droplet emulsion technique (SLICE) to produce undercooled core-shell particles of structure; metal/oxide shell-acetate ('/' = physisorbed, '-' = chemisorbed), from molten Field's metal (Bi-In-Sn) and Bi-Sn alloys. These particles exhibit stability against solidification at ambient conditions. Besides synthesis, we report the use of these undercooled metal, liquid core-shell, particles for heat free joining and manufacturing at ambient conditions. Our approach incorporates gentle etching and/or fracturing of outer oxide-acetate layers through mechanical stressing or shearing, thus initiating a cascade entailing fluid flow with concomitant deformation, combination/alloying, shaping, and solidification. This simple and low cost technique for soldering and fabrication enables formation of complex shapes and joining at the meso- and micro-scale at ambient conditions without heat or electricity.
A Convenient Synthesis of 1, 2, 5-Trisubstituted 3-Benzoylpyrroles (1980)

Abstract In the course of our investigation directing toward biologically active compounds, 2, 5-disubstituted 3-acylpyrrole derivatives were found to show a potent inhibiting activity of platelet aggregation.1,2,3 Thus, various acylation reactions were studied in order to achieve an efficient synthesis of 3-acylated pyrrole system. We wish to report here an effective method for the preparation of 2, 5-disubstituted 3-acylpyrroles dispensing from the formation of by-products such as 3, 4-diacylated pyrroles.
Development of a self-stressing NiTiNb shape memory alloy (SMA)/fiber reinforced polymer (FRP) patch (2015)

The objective of this research is to develop a self-stressing patch using a combination of shape memory alloys (SMAs) and fiber reinforced polymer (FRP) composites. Prestressed carbon FRP patches are emerging as a promising alternative to traditional methods to repair cracked steel structures and civil infrastructure. However, prestressing these patches typically requires heavy and complex fixtures, which is impractical in many applications. This paper presents a new approach in which the prestressing force is applied by restraining the shape memory effect of NiTiNb SMA wires. The wires are subsequently embedded in an FRP overlay patch. This method overcomes the practical challenges associated with conventional prestressing. This paper presents the conceptual development of the self-stressing patch with the support of experimental observations. The bond between the SMA wires and the FRP is evaluated using pull-out tests. The paper concludes with an experimental study that evaluates the patch response during activation subsequent monotonic tensile loading. The results demonstrate that the self-stressing patch with NiTiNb SMA is capable of generating a significant prestressing force with minimal tool and labor requirements.
Enhancement of Measurement Efficiency for (2011)

This paper presents a new sensing method to improve the efficiency of electrical capacitance tomography. Instead of applying one excitation signal to one electrode at a time, the multiple excitation capacitance polling (MECaP) method progres- sively applies an increasing number of multiple excitations to multiple electrodes and simultaneously measures the capacitance values, thereby significantly increasing the image scanning speed. The performance of a MECaP-based sensor system is numeri- cally simulated and analyzed using the finite element method. Experimental evaluation of the numerical results demonstrates the effectiveness and efficiency of the new sensing technique and its applicability to a broad range of commercial and industrial ap- plications where permittivity determination through capacitance measurement provides an effective means for noninvasive dynamic processes monitoring in an enclosed environment.
Multi-Omics Analysis of Fatty Alcohol Production in Engineered Yeasts Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Yarrowia lipolytica (2019)

Fatty alcohols are widely used in various applications within a diverse set of industries, such as the soap and detergent industry, the personal care, and cosmetics industry, as well as the food industry. The total world production of fatty alcohols is over 2 million tons with approximately equal parts derived from fossil oil and from plant oils or animal fats. Due to the environmental impact of these production methods, there is an interest in alternative methods for fatty alcohol production <i>via</i> microbial fermentation using cheap renewable feedstocks. In this study, we aimed to obtain a better understanding of how fatty alcohol biosynthesis impacts the host organism, baker's yeast <i>Saccharomyces cerevisiae</i> or oleaginous yeast <i>Yarrowia lipolytica</i>. Producing and non-producing strains were compared in growth and nitrogen-depletion cultivation phases. The multi-omics analysis included physiological characterization, transcriptome analysis by RNAseq, <sup>13</sup>Cmetabolic flux analysis, and intracellular metabolomics. Both species accumulated fatty alcohols under nitrogen-depletion conditions but not during growth. The fatty alcohol-producing <i>Y. lipolytica</i> strain had a higher fatty alcohol production rate than an analogous <i>S. cerevisiae</i> strain. Nitrogen-depletion phase was associated with lower glucose uptake rates and a decrease in the intracellular concentration of acetyl-CoA in both yeast species, as well as increased organic acid secretion rates in <i>Y. lipolytica</i>. Expression of the fatty alcohol-producing enzyme fatty acyl-CoA reductase alleviated the growth defect caused by deletion of hexadecenal dehydrogenase encoding genes (<i>HFD1</i> and <i>HFD4</i>) in <i>Y. lipolytica</i>. RNAseq analysis showed that fatty alcohol production triggered a cell wall stress response in <i>S. cerevisiae</i>. RNAseq analysis also showed that both nitrogen-depletion and fatty alcohol production have substantial effects on the expression of transporter encoding genes in <i>Y. lipolytica</i>. In conclusion, through this multi-omics study, we uncovered some effects of fatty alcohol production on the host metabolism. This knowledge can be used as guidance for further strain improvement towards the production of fatty alcohols.
Disruption of the adenosine deaminase gene causes hepatocellular impairment and perinatal lethality in mice. (1995)

We have generated mice with a null mutation at the Ada locus, which encodes the purine catabolic enzyme adenosine deaminase (ADA, EC 3.5.4.4). ADA-deficient fetuses exhibited hepatocellular impairment and died perinatally. Their lymphoid tissues were not largely affected. Accumulation of ADA substrates was detectable in ADA-deficient conceptuses as early as 12.5 days postcoitum, dramatically increasing during late in utero development, and is the likely cause of liver damage and fetal death. The results presented here demonstrate that ADA is important for the homeostatic maintenance of purines in mice.
Heavy- and light-hole band crossing in a variable-strain quantum-well heterostructure (1995)

A variable-strain quantum-well semiconductor heterostructure has been designed and studied. Mutually opposite slopes for heavy- and light-hole band edges are obtained by grading the strain within the quantum well from compressive to tensile. A simultaneous red and blue quantum-confined Stark shift for the heavy- and light-hole transitions, respectively, and a unique bias-controlled crossover have been observed by modulation spectroscopy. This indicates that the heavy and light holes experience opposite fields created by the same strain at the same location.