gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Ultra-Wideband Lossless Cavity-Backed Vivaldi Antenna (2017)

An ultra-wideband, lossless cavity-backed Vivaldi antenna array for flush-mounting applications is proposed. Eigenmode analysis, used to investigate antenna-cavity interaction, has shown that the entire structure may resonate within the band of interest resulting in a significant degradation of antenna performance. A simple approach based on connecting the array's edge elements in E-plane to the cavity walls is utilized to eliminate the deleterious impact of these cavity resonances. The proposed antenna is a 3 × 4 array with three elements in E-plane and four elements in H-plane, fabricated using stacked all-metal printed circuit board technique. Resonant-free behavior with gain better than 5 dBi and VSWR <;2 from 1.5 to 7.5 GHz is obtained. High-quality radiation patterns with sidelobe levels lower than 20 dB over the same bandwidth are also demonstrated. Scan performance of the proposed cavity-backed antenna is investigated in two principal planes and is shown to have similar performance compared to its free-standing counterpart.
PhoA gene fusions in <i>Legionella pneumophila</i> generated <i>in vivo</i> using a new transposon, <i>MudphoA</i> (1992)

To enable effective use of phoA gene fusions in Legionella pneumophila, we constructed MudphoA, a derivative of the mini-Mu phage Mu dII4041, which is capable of generating gene fusions to the Escherichia coli alkaline phosphatase gene (EC 3.1.3.1). Although an existing fusion-generating transposon, TnphoA, has been a useful tool for studying secreted proteins in other bacteria, this transposon and other Tn5 derivatives transpose inefficiently in Legionella pneumophila, necessitating the construction of a more effective vector for use in this pathogen. Using MudphoA we generated fusions to an E. coli gene encoding a periplasmic protein and to an L. pneumophila gene encoding an outer membrane protein; both sets of fusions resulted in alkaline phosphatase activity. We have begun to use MudphoA to mutate secreted proteins of L. pneumophila specifically, since this subset of bacterial proteins is most likely to be involved in host-bacterial interactions. This modified transposon may be useful for studies of other bacteria that support transposition of Mu, but not Tn5, derivatives.
A High-Reliability High-Linearity High-Power RF MEMS Metal-Contact Switch for DC–40-GHz Applications (2012)

This paper presents an mN-level contact and restoring force RF microelectromechanical systems metal-contact switch exhibiting high reliability, high linearity, and high power handing for dc-40-GHz applications. The device, which is insensitive to stress and temperature effects, achieves 1.2-1.5 mN of contact force (per contact) from 80 to 90 V and 1.0 mN of restoring force (per contact). The up-state capacitance is 8 fF, resulting in an isolation of 46, 31, and 14 dB at 1, 6, and 40 GHz, respectively. Measured results show switch resistances of 1-2 Ω and a reliability of >; 100 million cycles at 2-5 W under cold switching at 100 mW under hot-switching conditions, in an unpackaged and standard laboratory environment. Furthermore, the device was tested under prolonged hold-down conditions and demonstrated excellent RF power handling (>;10 W) and dc current handling (>;1 A) capability.
THE SHUTTLE TRAINS - DESIGN AND DEVELOPMENT. (1995)

Keywords TRANSMANCHE CHANNEL TUNNEL, TRAINS, SHUTTLE, DESIGN, DEVELOPMENT, TECHNOLOGY, COSTS, SAFETY, RAILWAYS, ROLLING STOCK, RAKES, TOURISTS, FIRES, PASSENGERS, HGV, HEAVY, GOODS, VEHICLES, WAGONS, COACHES, SHUTTLES, LOCOMOTIVES, TUNNELS CHANNEL TUNNEL UK, FRANCE... Show All
Continuously variable transmissions: theory and practice (1979)

The five basic principles that can be used in the design of continuously variable transmissions (CVT) for motor vehicles are examined and compared. These include: hydrostatic, traction drive (V-belt and rolling contact), overrunning clutch, electric, and multispeed gearbox with slipping clutch. Appendix A discusses commercially available CVTs suitable for motor vehicles, and Appendix B describes research and development programs for CVTs.
Production of new amilorides as potent inhibitors of mitochondrial respiratory complex I (2015)

Amilorides, well-known inhibitors of Na(+)/H(+) antiporters, have also shown to inhibit bacterial and mitochondrial NADH-quinone oxidoreductase (complex I). Since the membrane subunits ND2, ND4, and ND5 of bovine mitochondrial complex I are homologous to Na(+)/H(+) antiporters, amilorides have been thought to bind to any or all of the antiporter-like subunits; however, there is no direct experimental evidence in support of this notion. Photoaffinity labeling is a powerful technique to identify the binding site of amilorides in bovine complex I. Commercially available amilorides such as 5-(N-ethyl-N-isopropyl)amiloride are not suitable as design templates to synthesize photoreactive amilorides because of their low binding affinities to bovine complex I. Thereby, we attempted to modify the structures of commercially available amilorides in order to obtain more potent derivatives. We successfully produced two photoreactive amilorides (PRA1 and PRA2) with a photolabile azido group at opposite ends of the molecule.
A New Generation of Radiofluorinated Pyrimidine-2,4,6-triones as MMP-Targeted Radiotracers for Positron Emission Tomography (2011)

Radiolabeled C-5-disubstituted pyrimidine-2,4,6-triones have recently been suggested by our group as a class of potent matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) targeted radiotracers that can noninvasively visualize activated MMPs by means of positron emission tomography (PET). MMPs belong to the zinc- and calcium-dependent endopeptidases which are involved in the proteolytic degradation of components of the extracellular matrix (ECM) but also are capable of processing and releasing bioactive molecules such as growth factors, proteinase inhibitors, and cytokines. Locally increased levels of activated MMPs modulate and contribute to the progression of various diseases, such as cancer, atherosclerosis, stroke, arthritis, and others. Therefore, activated MMPs are suitable biological targets for the specific and noninvasive visualization of aforementioned pathologies in vivo. On the basis of our recent results, we here describe a series of new fluorinated pyrimidine-2,4,6-triones of the second generation with maintained MMP inhibition potencies (IC(50) = 4-605 nM), which are fine-tuned toward more hydrophilic versions, and show the improved biodistribution behavior of one selected radiofluorinated pyrimidine-2,4,6-trione by means of small-animal PET.
Phase separation and rotor self-assembly in active particle suspensions (2012)

Adding a nonadsorbing polymer to passive colloids induces an attraction between the particles via the "depletion" mechanism. High enough polymer concentrations lead to phase separation. We combine experiments, theory, and simulations to demonstrate that using active colloids (such as motile bacteria) dramatically changes the physics of such mixtures. First, significantly stronger interparticle attraction is needed to cause phase separation. Secondly, the finite size aggregates formed at lower interparticle attraction show unidirectional rotation. These micro-rotors demonstrate the self-assembly of functional structures using active particles. The angular speed of the rotating clusters scales approximately as the inverse of their size, which may be understood theoretically by assuming that the torques exerted by the outermost bacteria in a cluster add up randomly. Our simulations suggest that both the suppression of phase separation and the self-assembly of rotors are generic features of aggregating swimmers and should therefore occur in a variety of biological and synthetic active particle systems.
Femtosecond Fluorescence Up-Conversion Microscopy:  Exciton Dynamics in α-Perylene Microcrystal (2003)

The femtosecond fluorescence up-conversion microscope has been developed. This new method was applied to the study of exciton dynamics in an organic microcrystal, perylene. Taking advantage of femtosecond time-resolution and nanometer space-resolution, the fluorescence from microcrystals was clearly time-resolved and the ultrafast relaxation dynamics of the free exciton and the Y state was clarified at room temperature. It was found that the exciton dynamics significantly depends on the position in the microcrystal, reflecting the spatial distribution of the defect.
PANet: Few-Shot Image Semantic Segmentation with Prototype Alignment (2019)

Despite the great progress made by deep CNNs in image semantic segmentation, they typically require a large number of densely-annotated images for training and are difficult to generalize to unseen object categories. Few-shot segmentation has thus been developed to learn to perform segmentation from only a few annotated examples. In this paper, we tackle the challenging few-shot segmentation problem from a metric learning perspective and present PANet, a novel prototype alignment network to better utilize the information of the support set. Our PANet learns class-specific prototype representations from a few support images within an embedding space and then performs segmentation over the query images through matching each pixel to the learned prototypes. With non-parametric metric learning, PANet offers high-quality prototypes that are representative for each semantic class and meanwhile discriminative for different classes. Moreover, PANet introduces a prototype alignment regularization between support and query. With this, PANet fully exploits knowledge from the support and provides better generalization on few-shot segmentation. Significantly, our model achieves the mIoU score of 48.1% and 55.7% on PASCAL-5i for 1-shot and 5-shot settings respectively, surpassing the state-of-the-art method by 1.8% and 8.6%.
Hybrid electrostatic/magnetic microactuators (2002)

Two different principles for actuation of microactuators, the Lorentz force and the Coulomb force, are combined on the same device. Microactuators are fabricated using conventional semiconductor technologies. The actuator patterns are etched out from a 1 /spl mu/m Al thin-film on a Si wafer. A simple model of an electrostatic actuator, for parallel electrodes, is introduced. If this actuator performs work against a spring, the displacement versus voltage executes a hysteresis curve. In the present paper the combination of Lorentz force and Coulomb force produces actuation forces in all 3 spatial directions (x, y, and z), and as an application example an xyz-table was built.
An Analysis on meaning scheme and reaction of Korean college students for study and career through Semantic Network Analysis Method (2018)

본 연구는 계층격차와 취업난이 심화되는 오늘날 한국의 대학생들이 스스로 말하는 학업과 진로를 둘러싼 인식과 대응이 무엇인지 분석하고자 한다. 학습자 중심 관점에서 고등교육 지원 방향을 탐색하기 위하여 전국 단위에서 참여한 24명의 대학생들이 질적 심층 면담에 참여하였고, 그들이 인식하는 학업과 진로에 대한 목소리를 의미망 분석법을 활용하여 분석하였다. 연구 결과에 따르면, 첫째 전공계열에 따라 학업과 진로에 대한 인식과 태도에서 미묘한 대응 차이가 있었다. 둘째 대학서열 측면에서, 중하위권 대학학생들의 활동은 당장의 수업이나 취업 준비 활동에 매몰되어 있는 반면, 상대적으로 상위권 학생들은 자 신의 사회적 자본을 활용하면서, 학업 외적 활동과 인간관계를 확장시킴으로써 경험적, 인지적 다양성의폭을 키우는 기회가 많은 것으로 드러났다. 마지막으로 소득계층 차원에서 보았을 때 소득 하위 계층 학생들은 경제적 압박으로 인해 온전히 학업에 집중하지 못하고 학업과 진로 개발에서 이중고를 겪고 있는것으로 드러났지만, 경제적 상위 계층의 학생들은 경제적 조건으로 학업을 방해받지 않고 주변인들과의 관계 형성에서 유연성과 여유가 있고, 학업 수행과 진로 탐색의 활동 반경이 상대적으로 넓은 것으로 드러났다. 그러나 현재 대학생들의 문화 속에서 공통적으로 드러난 특징은 취업 불안과 초조감으로 인해서 성과지향적 학습 태도를 가지며, 학업과 진로 준비 행동에서 분주하게 많은 스펙을 쌓는 활동을 하고 있지만, 그 속에서 개별화되고 소외된 대학생들의 모습이 나타났다.Under the influence of intensified economic gaps, and a high unemployment rate, this study attempted to examine university students daily lives and experiences with focus on their pursuit of study and career prospects. These aspects are the most intrinsic and essential activities as an undergraduate student in thrown into in university. Applying qualitative interviewing with 24 students across the country, this study analyzed the participants characteristic and awareness regarding study and careers employing a semantic network analysis method. Major findings revealed that there were distinctive features that differed according to student s major, university reputation, and economic class. However common features and tendencies have been found that most university students likely pursue functional, outcome-oriented study in their campus life with high anxiety in contemporary context. High competition and low employability drives to reshape the students shrunken dream under the social restriction.
Characterization of the Extracellular Polymeric Substances Produced by <i>Escherichia coli</i> Using Infrared Spectroscopic, Proteomic, and Aggregation Studies (2008)

The aim of this study was twofold: first, to characterize the free extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) and bound EPS produced by Escherichia coli during different growth phases in different media, and then to investigate the role of the free EPS in promoting aggregation. EPS was extracted from a population of E. coli MG1655 cells grown in different media composition (Luria-Bertani (LB) and Luria-Bertani with the addition of 0.5 w/v% glucose at the beginning of the growth phase (LBG)) and at different growth phases (6 and 24 h). The extracted EPS was characterized using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and further identified using one-dimensional gel-based electrophoresis and tandem mass spectrometry. E. coli MG1655 was found to produce significantly lower amounts of bound EPS compared to free EPS under all conditions. The protein content of free EPS increased as the cells progressed from the exponential to stationary phase when grown in LB or LBG, while the carbohydrate content only increased across the growth phases for cells grown in LBG. FTIR revealed a variation in the different functional groups such as amines, carboxyl, and phosphoryl groups for free EPS extracted at the different growth conditions. Over 500 proteins were identified in the free EPS, with 40 proteins common in all growth conditions. Proteins with functionality related to amino acid and carbohydrate metabolism, as well as cell wall and membrane biogenesis were among the highest proteins identified in the free EPS extracted from E. coli MG1655 under all growth and media conditions. The role of bound and free EPS was investigated using a standardized aggregation assay. Bound EPS did not contribute to aggregation of E. coli MG1655. The readdition of free EPS to E. coli MG1655 resulted in aggregation of the cells in all growth conditions. Free EPS extracted from the 24 h E. coli MG1655 cultures grown in LB had the greatest effect on aggregation of cells grow in LBG, with a 30% increase in aggregation observed.
Cardioprotective effects of vitamin E, morin, rutin and quercetin againstDoxorubicin induced oxidative stress of rabbits: A biochemical study (2010)

Doxorubicin (Adriamycin) is a potent chemotherapeutic agent for the treatment of a variety of human malignancies. Among several different mechanisms proposed for explaining the pathogenesis, increasing oxidative stress appears to play a major model that has been shown to increase free radical producing and decrease activities of endogenous antioxidant enzymes. There is an early depression in glutathione enzymes such as reduced glutathione, glutathione peroxidase and glutathione-s-transferase. Cardiomyopathy is also associated with apoptosis which precede the development of cardiotoxicity and congestive heart failure. Many different approaches have been used to minimize the incidence of doxorubicin-induced cardiomyopathy. In the present study, the rabbit model, the development of cardiomyopathy was prevented by reducing oxidative stress using natural antioxidant vitamin E (50 IU/kg body weight) and flavonoids morin, rutin and quercetin, which are generally available in the natural diet. The four weeks treatment of flavonoids (20mg/kg body weight) were affectively ameliorated the oxidative stress induced cardiomyopathy in rabbits by doxorubicin (10mg/kg body weight) treatment for two days. The flavonoids alter the biochemical parameters at optimum levels. The oxidative markers (lipid peroxidation, catalase, reduced glutathione, and glutathione-s-transferase) were significantly maintained by the flavonoids in blood. The overall conclusion of this study is that the flavonoids can act as antioxidants in the body and they can protect the biochemical and oxidative markers at optimum levels. By this study, the author suggests that rabbits are good experimental models to conduct various types of experiment in Biochemistry and Pharmacology and the diet rich flavonoids can useful in the protection of certain diseases like cardiomyopathy (CAD, hypertension, heart failure and stroke), diabetes, cancers and oxidative stress etc.,
AN INVESTIGATION TO USE TAILING PONDS AS SOLAR PHOTOVOLTAIC FARMS (2009)

Fine-grinding of ores for the liberation of metal-or other valuable concentrates most often results in acreage dedicated to tailings impoundments. A determination of the post-mining land use of such acreage is then required. Tailings impoundments can be suitably utilized as sites for installation of solar photovoltaic (PV) panels. The electrical energy produced can be used initially for mining and concentrating operations, and subsequently for the utility grid after mine closure is complete. Since the extraction, processing and transport of minerals is energy-intensive, most mines already have a substantial electrical transmission-line infrastructure. This eliminates one of the major costs associated with PV energy farms. In this paper, we analyze the long-term economic benefit (i.e. payback period) of PV installation and energy production at mine sites. We also discuss integrating PV systems with erosion control and revegetation measures.
Infrared Spectral Analysis of Waste Pet Samples (2013)

There are fifteen waste PET bottles and a commercial grade ABS was collected from local supplier of Chidambaram town. The ABS was used to study the mechanical properties of PET blend composites. This study was performed by FT-IR spectroscopy. From the characteristics infrared stretching bands the mechanical properties of samples were discussed
Assay of Insulin Mediator Activity with Soluble Pyruvate Dehydrogenase Phosphatase (1985)

The putative mediator of intracellular insulin action has been assayed quantitatively by its ability to increase the activity of solubilized pyruvate dehydrogenase (PDH) phosphatase. Conversion of soluble beef heart PDH b to PDH a by PDH phosphatase increased when incubation was carried out in the presence of a crude insulin mediator fraction generated from insulin-treated adipose tissue or liver plasma membranes. Increased PDH phosphatase activity was proportional to the concentration of added insulin mediator. Mediator generation was rapid, with a half-time of approximately 45 sec and was insulin dose dependent. Half-maximal mediator activity was produced at 0.3 nM added insulin, with maximal activity being generated at approximately 3 nM insulin. Mediator activity was significantly decreased at 7 nM insulin, but was increased 4-fold after ethanol extraction. Mediator behaved as an activator of PDH phosphatase, apparently by abolishing the inhibitory effects of ATP on phosphatase activity, but had no effect on PDH kinase activity. The assay of insulin mediator activity described here can be carried out under standardized conditions, in contrast to previously described methods using particulate mitochondrial preparations.
A Combination of Grape Extract, Green Tea Extract and <scp>l</scp>‐Carnitine Improves High‐fat Diet‐induced Obesity, Hyperlipidemia and Non‐alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease in Mice (2011)

To develop a therapeutic agent for obesity-related metabolic disorders, a mixture of dietary components was prepared, including grape extract, green tea extract and l-carnitine (RGTC), and its effects on obesity, hyperlipidemia and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease examined. The RGTC dramatically inhibited the high-fat diet (HFD)-induced increase in body weight and fat in C57BL/6 mice, whereas food consumption was not affected by RGTC treatment. The RGTC also concentration-dependently suppressed the HFD-induced increase in plasma lipids, such as low-density lipoprotein cholesterol and triglycerides. In addition, increases in liver weight and liver steatosis were returned to normal by RGTC treatment in HFD-fed C57BL/6 mice. The plasma levels of glutamic-oxaloacetic transaminase and glutamic-pyruvic transaminase were also significantly down-regulated by RGTC treatment. These results suggest that RGTC suppressed HFD-induced obesity, hyperlipidemia and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, suggesting that RGTC supplementation might be a promising adjuvant therapy for the treatment of these metabolic disorders.
The blossoming of RNA biology: Novel insights from plant systems (2006)

Scientists from around the world met in May 2006 at the Sixteenth Penn State Symposium in Plant Physiology to discuss insights into RNA biology from both plant and nonplant systems. This meeting was sponsored in part by the National Science Foundation and the US Department of Agriculture, and included scientists at the forefront of this exciting field. Experts with diverse backgrounds, from plant molecular biologists to structural biochemists, discussed new advances in RNA biology. The topics presented covered the biological roles of RNA, particularly hormonal responses and development, regulation of gene expression by RNA, regulation of RNA localization, and bioinformatics approaches/analysis tools. This article will give an overview of small RNA pathways in plants, the biological roles of RNAs, and methods for analysis that were discussed in this meeting.
Optimising loops in dynamic dataflow (2016)

Dynamic dataflow allows simultaneous execution of instructions in different iterations of a loop, boosting parallelism exploitation. In this model, operands are tagged with their associated instance number, which is incremented as they go through the loop. Instruction execution is triggered when all input operands with the same tag become available. However, this traditional tagging mechanism often requires the generation of several control instructions to manipulate tags and guarantee the correct match. To address this problem, this work presents three dataflow loop optimisation techniques. The stack‐tagged dataflow is a tagging mechanism that uses stacks of tags to reduce control overheads in dataflow. On the other hand, as nested loops may increase the overhead of stack‐tag comparison, tag resetting can be used to set the tag to zero whenever it is safe, allowing a one‐level reduction at the stack depth. Finally, loop skipping allows to further avoid stack comparison overhead in loops , when the number of iterations can be determined by the compiler. Experimental results show the overhead, drawbacks and benefits for the three optimisations presented. Moreover, the results suggested that a hybrid compiling approach can be used to get the best performance of each technique.
Potential Effects of Surface Water Components on Actinide Determinations Conducted by Ion Chromatography (1995)

An elution program for separating actinides (thorium, uranium, neptunium, plutonium, americium, and curium) on low hydrophobicity ion exchange columns was evaluated for solutions spiked with actinides and common surface water components. Potential interferences from dissolved ions (Na+, K+, Ca2+, Cl-, and SO(4)2-), humic acid, and radium were investigated. Sulfate levels greater than 0.25 mumol interfered with separation of americium, curium, and plutonium. Humic acid levels above 100 micrograms produced distinct widening of actinide peaks and reduced actinide recoveries. These interferences limit the range of useful sample volumes and create a need for sample pretreatment procedures. No interferences were produced by 0.025 to 2.5 mumol Ca2+, 0.045 to 4.5 mumol Na+, 0.015 to 1.5 mumol K+, and 0.025 to 4.5 mumol Cl-. In the absence of interferences, the program effectively separated radium from the actinides.