gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A framework for efficient reuse of binary code in Java (2001)

This paper presents a compilation framework that enables efficient sharing of executable code across distinct Java Virtual Machine (JVM) instances. High-performance JVMs rely on run-time compilation, since static compilation cannot handle many dynamic features of Java. These JVMs suffer from large memory footprints and high startup costs, which are serious problems for embedded devices (such as hand held personal digital assistants and cellular phones) and scalable servers. A recently proposed approach called quasi-static compilation overcomes these difficulties by reusing precompiled binary images after performing validation checks and stitching on them (i.e., adapting them to a new execution context), falling back to interpretation or dynamic compilation whenever necessary. However, the requirement in our previous design to duplicate and modify the executable binary image for stitching is a major drawback when targeting embedded systems and scalable servers. In this paper, we describe a new approach that allows stitching to be done on an indirection table, leaving the executable code unmodified and therefore writable to read-only memory. On embedded devices, this saves precious space in writable memory. On scalable servers, this allows a single image of the executable to be shared among multiple JVMs, thus improving scalability. Furthermore, we describe a novel technique for dynamically linking classes that uses traps to detect when a class should be linked and initialized. Like back-patching, the technique allows all accesses after the first to proceed at full speed, but unlike back-patching, it avoids the modification of running code. We have implemented this approach in the Quicksilver quasi-static compiler for the Jalape~ no JVM. On the SPECjvm98 benchmark suite, our approach obtains code space savings, in writable memory, of between 82% to 89% of that from our previous quasi-static compiler, while delivering performance that is typically within 1% to 7% of that approach, and which is competitive with the performance of the Jalapeno adaptive optimization system.
Unidirectional Solidification of Magnetostrictive Materials Using a Magnetic Field in Microgravity (2002)

Unidirectional solidification experiments of magnetostrictive materials of Tb(0.3)Dy(0.7)Fe(2-x), (Terfenol-D) alloy in a static magnetic field and microgravity were performed using the Japan Microgravity Center (JAMIC) free-fall facilities. When the magnetic field strength was increased from 0T to 3.7 x 10(-2) T during unidirectional solidification in microgravity, a <111> crystallographic alignment of the grains dominated, and the maximum magnetostriction constant increased from 500 ppm to 2,000ppm. For unidirectional solidification in normal gravity, the maximum magnetostriction constant remained at 1,000 ppm for increases in the magnetic field.
A new method for the construction of translationally coupled operons in a bacterial chromosome (2009)

Human, rat, Xenopus and Drosophila (Dpx2540 and Dpx6005) cDNA of peroxiredoxins were cloned and expressed in Escherichia coli. Their enzymatic activity, temperature optimum and thermostability were determined. For H2O2 the activity of enzymes decreased in the following order: DPx2540 > > human > Xenopus >rat > DPx6005. For tret-butyl hydroperoxide the order of activity decrease is: DPx2540 = DPx6005 > rat > Xenopus > human. Effectiveness of plasmid DNA protection from oxidative damage mediated by Fenton reaction is: Dpx2540 > Dpx6005 = rat = human > Xenopus. The optimal temperature for activity of all these enzymes is 37 degrees C. Peroxiredoxins from rat, Xenopus and Drosophila (Dpx 6005) retain no less than 50% of activity in a wide temperature range (10-50 degrees C) in contrast to human and Drosophila (Dpx 2540) enzymes with the interval of only 25-45 degrees C. The thermostability of enzymes decreased in the following order: Dpx6005 > or = rat > human > Xenopus > Dpx2540. So, there is negative correlation between activity and stability of peroxiredoxin 6.
New diagnostic applications and physiological functions of prostate specific antigen (1995)

Prostate specific antigen was, until recently, thought to be a highly specific biochemical marker of prostatic epithelial cells. Using highly sensitive techniques, we have recently found that PSA is present in 30-40% of breast tumors and at a lower percentage in other tumors including lung, colon, ovary, liver, kidney, adrenal and parotid tumors. Others have found PSA in skin and salivary gland tumors and in normal endometrium. We found PSA in normal breast, milk of lactating women and in amniotic fluid. The physiological role of PSA in these tissues and tumors is currently unknown. It appears that PSA is either a growth factor or a growth factor regulator and that it may play a role in fetal development. A substrate for PSA in these tissues has not as yet been identified.
New developments in III-nitride material and device applications (1998)

An overview of our recent progress in the development of the III-Nitrides is presented. Improvements in the basic material quality are reported along with the demonstration of devices based on this material. GaN films grown by low pressure metalorganic chemical vapor deposition using trimethylgallium and triethylgallium as gallium precursors are compared. GaN layers grown using triethylgallium exhibited superior electrical and optical properties and a lower carbon impurity concentration. GaN thin films were doped during metalorganic chemical vapor deposition with sulfur using dilute hydrogen sulfide in hydrogen. The low resultant carrier -concentrations indicate that sulfur has a limited solubility in GaN. GaN/InGaN/GaN double heterostructures were deposited: one with a silicon doped InGaN layer and the other with a magnesium doped InGaN layer. The electroluminescence spectrum is shifted to longer wavelengths in the structure with the magnesium doped InGaN layer. An additional red peak is seen in the electroluminescence spectrum of the magnesium doped structure. We believe this peak may be due to a transition metal (i.e. Cr) which absorbs in the green and emits in the red.
ChemInform Abstract: Phase‐Managed Organic Synthesis. A New Synthesis of Mixed Formic Anhydrides. (1987)

Abstract The acid chlorides (I) react with sodium formate in the presence of polyvinylpyridine‐N‐oxides such as (III) to give the mixed anhydrides (IV).
<title>Strategies for the automatic interpretation of handwritten addresses</title> (1994)

This paper describes the technologies and strategies underlying a state-of-the-art system for automatic handwritten address interpretation. The system is capable of interpreting both street addresses and post office box addresses. The input to the system is a grayscale image of a handwritten address and the goal is to determine the ZIP+4 code corresponding to the destination address on the mail piece. Processing is accomplished through an integrated series of steps involving preprocessing, numeral field recognition (ZIP codes, street numbers, post office box numbers), national postal database retrieval, word and phrase recognition, database record matching, and a decision strategy. In a formal test, this system encoded 38.7 percent of the mail pieces, with an encode error rate of 8.4 percent. Adjusting system parameters designed to tradeoff encode rate for error rate produces an encode rate of 33.8 percent with a 3.9 percent encode error rate.
Loops Govern SH2 Domain Specificity by Controlling Access to Binding Pockets (2010)

Cellular functions require specific protein-protein interactions that are often mediated by modular domains that use binding pockets to engage particular sequence motifs in their partners. Yet, how different members of a domain family select for distinct sequence motifs is not fully understood. The human genome encodes 120 Src homology 2 (SH2) domains (in 110 proteins), which mediate protein-protein interactions by binding to proteins with diverse phosphotyrosine (pTyr)-containing sequences. The structure of the SH2 domain of BRDG1 bound to a peptide revealed a binding pocket that was blocked by a loop residue in most other SH2 domains. Analysis of 63 SH2 domain structures suggested that the SH2 domains contain three binding pockets, which exhibit selectivity for the three positions after the pTyr in a peptide, and that SH2 domain loops defined the accessibility and shape of these pockets. Despite sequence variability in the loops, we identified conserved structural features in the loops of SH2 domains responsible for controlling access to these surface pockets. We engineered new loops in an SH2 domain that altered specificity as predicted. Thus, selective blockage of binding subsites or pockets by surface loops provides a molecular basis by which the diverse modes of ligand recognition by the SH2 domain may have evolved and provides a framework for engineering SH2 domains and designing SH2-specific inhibitors.
Xanthan Gum with Improved Dispersibility (1981)

Xanthan gum (1) is the high molecular weight natural exopolysaccharide produced by the bacterium Xanthomonas campestris. Xanthan gum owes its commercial importance to its thickening, suspending and pseudoplastic properties in aqueous systems (2-9). Both industrial and food approved xanthan gum are available. Factors Affecting Gum Dispersibility Most high molecular weight hydrocolloids such as xanthan gum, guar gum, carboxymethylcellulose, etc., generally require a combination of vigorous and/or lengthy mixing times to produce uniform dispersion and complete hydration. The problem of "fish-eye" formation is often encountered during dispersing of gums. When a gum particle begins to hydrate, often a gelatinous layer of partially hydrated gum forms on the outside of the particle and prevents water from penetrating to complete hydration and dissolution of the particle. Ideally, what is desired is a lump-free solution/dispersion that forms rapidly without vigorous agitation. However, in the industrial application of gums, often many difficult and varied
Measuring microvascular and mitochondrial oxygen tension: novel techniques for studying tissue oxygenation (2011)

This thesis describes the implementation of novel approaches for measuring tissue oxygenation based on oxygen-dependent quenching of the triplet-state lifetime of porphyrins. Ultimately we created a tool for assessment of mitochondrial oxygen tension in vivo. The first measurements indicate much higher mitoPO2 values than generally expected. These findings come in an era of new insights in cellular oxygen sensing and oxygen-dependence of gene expression and metabolism. The described methods are expected to be a valuable addition to the arsenal of tools available to scientist for unraveling the mechanisms of oxygen delivery and consumption under various pathophysiological circumstances. Oxygen is again important, as it has always been
Design and Performance Characterization of a Novel Low-Pole Dual-Stator Flux-Switching Permanent Magnet Machine for Traction Application (2016)

The purpose of this paper is to characterize the performance of a novel dual-stator six-slot four-pole (6/4) flux-switching permanent magnet (FSPM) machine. The proposed dual-stator 6/4 FSPM machine topology eliminates even-order harmonics in the flux linkage and back-electromotive force, which exist in the conventional single-stator single-rotor topology. The resulting back-electromotive forces of the proposed dual-stator machine are balanced and sinusoidal waveforms. Design principles including sizing equations for the machine are studied based on the flux linkage harmonic contents and generalized sizing laws. The performance characterization is studied for two possible topology variations of the dual-stator structure. A design for a 30-kW traction application is investigated to demonstrate good constant power operation capability. The low fundamental frequency requirement of the dual-stator 6/4 FSPM machine is beneficial to the reduction of iron loss at high-speed conditions. High efficiency is achieved for the majority of the speed range, particularly at the high-speed regions.
Development of internal manifold heat exchanger (IMHEX reg sign ) molten carbonate fuel cell stacks (1991)

The Institute of Gas Technology (IGT) has been in the forefront of molten carbonate fuel cell (MCFC) development for over 25 years. Numerous cell designs have been tested and extensive tests have been performed on a variety of gas manifolding alternatives for cells and stacks. Based upon the results of these performance tests, IGT's development efforts started focusing on an internal gas manifolding concept. This work, initiated in 1988, is known today as the IMHEX{reg sign} concept. MCP has developed a comprehensive commercialization program loading to the sale of commercial units in 1996. MCP's role is in the manufacture of stack components, stack assembly, MCFC subsystem testing, and the design, marketing and construction of MCFC power plants. Numerous subscale (1 ft{sup 2}) stacks have been operated containing between 3 and 70 cells. These tests verified and demonstrated the viability of internal manifolding from technical (no carbonate pumping), engineering (relaxed part dimensional tolerance requirements), and operational (good gas sealing) aspects. Simplified fabrication, ease of assembly, the elimination of external manifolds and all associated clamping requirements has significantly lowered anticipated stack costs. Ongoing 1 ft{sup 2} stack testing is generating performance and endurance characteristics as a function of system specified operating conditions. Commercial-sized, full-area stacks (10 ft{sup 2}) are in the process of being assembled and will be tested in November. This paper will review the recent developments the MCFC scale-up and manufacture work of MCP, and the research and development efforts of IGT which support those efforts. 17 figs.
New material for permanent magnets on a base of Nd and Fe (invited) (1984)

A new compound composed of Nd, Fe, and a small quantity of B (about 1 wt. %) has been found, which has a tetragonal structure with lattice constants a=0.880 nm and c=1.221 nm. This phase, which has the approximate composition, 12 at. % Nd, 6 at. % B and balance Fe, possesses remarkable magnetic properties. From the approach to saturation an anisotroy constant of about 3.5 MJ/m3 can be calculated, while saturation magnetization amounts to 1.35 T. The magnetization versus temperature curve shows a Curie temperature of 585 K, which is much higher than those of the Fe and light rare earth binary compounds. Based on the new compound, sintered permanent magnets have been developed which have a record high energy product. Permanent magnet properties and physical properties of a typical specimen which has the composition Nd15B8Fe77 are as follows: Br =1.23 T, HcB =880 kA/m, HcI =960 kA/m, (BH)max =290 kJ/m3, temperature coefficient of Br =−1260 ppm/K, density=7.4 Mg/m3, specific resistivity=1.4 μΩm, Vickers hardness=600, flexual strength=250 MPa.
Ultra broadband mirror using sub-wavelength grating (2004)

We demonstrate, for the first time, a very broadband (/spl Delta//spl lambda///spl lambda/>35%), high reflective (R>98.5%) grating structure. This structure is scalable to far infrared wavelengths and can be used to create low-voltage and widely tunable optical filters.
Validation of a new method for measuring and continuously monitoring the efficiency of industrial flares (2015)

Because industrial flares are operated in the open atmosphere, direct measurement of flare combustion efficiency (CE) has been a long-standing technological challenge. Currently flare operators do not have feedback in terms of flare CE and smoke level, and it is extremely difficult for them to optimize flare performance and reduce emissions. The new method reported in this paper could provide flare operators with real-time data for CE and smoke level so that flare operations can be optimized. In light of EPA's focus on flare emissions and its new rules to reduce emissions from flares, this policy-relevant development in flare CE monitoring is brought to the attention of both the regulating and regulated communities.
Power Hints for Query Optimization (2009)

Commercial database systems expose query hints to address situations in which the optimizer chooses a poor plan for a given query. However, current query hints are not flexible enough to deal with a variety of non-trivial scenarios. In this paper, we introduce a hinting framework that enables the specification of rich constraints to influence the optimizer to pick better plans. We show that while our framework unifies previous approaches, it goes considerably beyond existing hinting mechanisms, and can be implemented efficiently with moderate changes to current optimizers.
RHD gene deletion occurred in the Rhesus box (2000)

The Rh blood group antigens derive from 2 genes,RHD and RHCE, that are located at chromosomal position 1p34.1-1p36 (chromosome 1, short arm, region 3, band 4, subband 1, through band 6). In whites, a cde haplotype with a deletion of the whole RHD gene occurs with a frequency of approximately 40%. The relative position of the 2 RH genes and the location of the RHD deletion was previously unknown. A model has been developed for the RH locus using RHD- and RHCE-related nucleotide sequences deposited in nucleotide sequence databases along with polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and nucleotide sequencing. The open reading frames of bothRH genes had opposite orientations. The 3′ ends of the genes faced each other and were separated by about 30 000 base pair (bp) that contained the SMP1 gene. The RHD gene was flanked by 2 DNA segments, dubbed Rhesus boxes, with a length of approximately 9000 bp, 98.6% homology, and identical orientation. The Rhesus box contained the RHD deletion occurring within a stretch of 1463 bp of identity. PCR with sequence-specific priming (PCR-SSP) and PCR with restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) were used for specific detection of the RHDdeletion. The molecular structure of the RH gene locus explains the mechanisms for generating RHD/RHCE hybrid alleles and the RHD deletion. Specific detection of theRHD− genotype is now possible.
In Situ Conversion of Melanoma Lesions into Autologous Vaccine by Intratumoral Injections of α-gal Glycolipids (2010)

Autologous melanoma associated antigens (MAA) on murine melanoma cells can elicit a protective anti-tumor immune response following a variety of vaccine strategies. Most require effective uptake by antigen presenting cells (APC). APC transport and process internalized MAA for activation of anti-tumor T cells. One potential problem with clinical melanoma vaccines against autologous tumors may be that often tumor cells do not express surface markers that label them for uptake by APC. Effective uptake of melanoma cells by APC might be achieved by exploiting the natural anti-Gal antibody which constitutes ~1% of immunoglobulins in humans. This approach has been developed in a syngeneic mouse model using mice capable of producing anti-Gal. Anti-Gal binds specifically to α-gal epitopes (Galα1-3Galβ1-4GlcNAc-R). Injection of glycolipids carrying α-gal epitopes (α-gal glycolipids) into melanoma lesions results in glycolipid insertion into melanoma cell membranes, expression of α-gal epitopes on the tumor cells and binding of anti-Gal to these epitopes. Interaction between the Fc portions of bound anti-Gal and Fcγ receptors on APC induces effective uptake of tumor cells by APC. The resulting anti-MAA immune response can be potent enough to destroy distant micrometastases. A clinical trial is now open testing effects of intratumoral α-gal glycolipid injections in melanoma patients.
On the partial caching of streaming video (2012)

Video objects are much larger in size than traditional web objects and tend not to be viewed in entirety. Hence, caching them partially is a promising approach. Also, the projected growth in video traffic over wireless cellular networks calls for resource-efficient caching mechanisms in the wireless edge to lower traffic over the cellular backhaul and peering links and their associated costs. An evaluation of traditional partial caching solutions proposed in the literature shows that known solutions are not robust to video viewing patterns, increasing object pool size, changing object popularity, or limitation in the resources available for caching at the wireless network elements. In this paper, to overcome the limitations, we propose a novel approach that adopts a flexible segmentation policy and generalizes both LRU and LFU when applied to segmented accesses, and in our simulations, is shown to significantly lower wireless backhaul traffic (by around 20--30% and in some cases even higher).
Synthesis and Biology of the Conformationally Restricted ACPD Analogue, 2-Aminobicyclo[2.1.1]hexane-2,5-dicarboxylic Acid-I, a Potent mGluR Agonist (1998)

To better characterize the roles of metabotropic glutamate receptors (mGluRs) in physiological and pathophysiological processes, there is an important need to learn more about the structural features relevant to the design of novel, high-affinity ligands that are family and subtype specific. To date, many of the biological studies that have been conducted in the area of mGluR research have made use of the agonist (1S,3R)-ACPD. This compound has been shown to act as an agonist at both the group I and group II receptors while showing little selectivity among the four subtypes belonging to these two groups. Moreover, (1S,3S)-ACPD, the cis isomer, shows negligible activity at group I receptors and is a good agonist of mGluR2. Since ACPD is itself somewhat flexible, with four distinctive conformations being identified from molecular modeling studies for the trans isomer and five conformations for the cis isomer, we believed that it would be of interest to examine the activity of an ACPD analogue that has been constrained through the introduction of a single carbon atom bridge. Accordingly, we have prepared an aminobicyclo[2.1.1]hexanedicarboxylic acid (ABHxD-I) analogue of ACPD. The synthesis of this compound was accomplished by use of an intramolecular [2 + 2] photocycloaddition reaction, in which four distinct isomers were isolated. Of these four compounds, only a single isomer, ABHxD-I (6a), was found to be a potent agonist of the mGluRs. This compound, which expresses the fully extended glutamate conformation, was found to be more potent than ACPD at all six of the eight mGluR subtypes that were investigated and to be comparable to or more potent than the endogenous ligand, glutamate, for these receptors. Interestingly, despite its fixed conformation, ABHxD-I, like glutamate, shows little subtype selectivity. Through modeling studies of ABHxD-I (6a), ABHD-VI, LY354740, (1S,3R)-ACPD, (1S, 3S)-ACPD, and l-glutamate, we conclude that the aa conformation of l-glutamate is the active conformation for both group I and group II mGluRs. Moreover, the modeling-based comparisons of these ligands suggest that the selectivity exhibited by LY354740 between the group I and group II mGluRs is not a consequence of different conformations of L-glutamate being required for recognition at these mGluRs but rather is related to certain structural elements within certain regions having a very different impact on the group I and group II mGluR activity. The enhanced potency of ABHxD-I relative to trans-ACPD commends it as a useful starting point in the design of subtype selective mGluR ligands.
Determination of Rate Constants for the Activation Step in Atom Transfer Radical Polymerization Using the Stopped-Flow Technique (2004)

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