gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Novel multicolor photodetectors for short- and long-distance optical communication (2010)

Multicolor (a.k.a. broadband) photodetector having a detection capability ranging from near ultra-violet to infrared can be useful as a common detector for various applications such as optical communication and optical interconnects etc. The capability of using single detector in receiver system for optical communication covering both data and transport systems, not only makes the total system cost lower, but it also makes easier the system vendors to reduce the inventory. We proposed detector having the detection capability ranging from 350 nm to 2000 nm, wavelengths that covers all optical communication wavelengths application. This invited paper has two-fold objectives: (a) provide a comprehensive overview of conventional photo detectors and their types, being used in today's optical communication and (b) introduce a development of broadband photodetector which authors pioneered. The features of proposed broadband detector are simple structure, low-cost, high quantum efficiency, high sensitivity, and high speed. Performance results will be presented along with its possible applications.
ChemInform Abstract: Modifications of Primaquine as Antimalarials. Part 4. 5‐Alkoxy Derivatves of Primaquine. (1987)

Abstract The 5‐alkoxy derivatives (VIII) of primaquine are obtained from the 5‐hydroxyquinolines (I) which are converted to the ethers (III).
Wideband electrical modeling of large three-dimensional interconnects using accelerated generation of partial impedances with cylindrical conduction mode basis functions (2008)

For wideband modeling of large and complicated three-dimensional interconnects, this paper proposes an efficiency improvement in solving electric field integral equation with cylindrical conduction mode basis functions. Based on the multifunction method, the improved method reduces computational cost by using smaller number of higher-order basis functions for computing mutual inductances between far-separated conductors. From the modeling examples of through-hole vias and bonding wires in stacked IC’s, the proposed method is verified for application to real three-dimensional interconnects.
A modular cable‐mesh deployable structure for large‐scale satellite communication antennas (1994)

Abstract This paper describes a concept and key technologies for a modular mesh deployable antenna. A modular concent is suggested. The advantage of the modular concept and the influence of alignment errors on the surface accuracy are estimated quantitatively. The antenna reflector consists of a mesh surface, a cable network, and deployable truss modules. The cable network comprises three kinds of cables–surface, tie, and back cables. Adjustment of tie cable lengths improves the surface accuracy. Synchronous deployment truss structures are considered as a supporting structure. Their design method, bread board models, and deployment analysis are explained.
Microscopic vision based on the adaptive positioning of the camera coordinate frame (2012)

Microscopic vision measurement precision has been largely limited by inaccurately calibrated model parameters, because image plane is near parallel to reference plane in the narrow depth of field. This article proposes a method of precise microscopic vision measurement based on the adaptive positioning of the camera coordinate frame. The microscopic vision measurement movably attaches the origin of the camera coordinate frame along the optical axis. By finding the optimal position, the nonlinearity of the objective function in calibration optimization is decreased and the optimization sensitivity to initial values is reduced. Therefore, we obtain a high calibration precision and eventually ensure a high measurement precision. Mathematical simulations illustrate that the calibration precision of the proposed microscopic vision measurement model is higher than that of the conventional vision measurement model. The experiment shows that with magnification of 3.024×, the presented system achieves a precision of 0.12% based on the proposed microscopic vision measurement model, which is two times higher than the one based on the conventional vision measurement model.
LSO PET/SPECT spatial resolution: critical on-line DOI rebinning methods and results (2002)

This article reports on PET-mode transaxial spatial resolution for a new hybrid PET/SPECT system. This system is based on a rotating dual-head tomograph using LSO/NaI scintillators and is capable of depth-of-interaction (DOI) measurement. For this LSO PET/SPECT, each detector head contains two 84/spl times/120 planar arrays of crystals-one array NaI, the other LSO. LSO and NaI crystals are each 0.44/spl times/0.44/spl times/1 cm. In PET mode, each head is radially offset 36 cm from FOV center. Relative orientation of the two heads is 158 degrees. Dual-level DOI discriminates LSO versus NaI by scintillation pulse decay time. While significant for good image resolution, dual-level DOI isolates gamma detection only to the (1 cm) long axis depth of each individual crystal. Critical to delivery of excellent spatial resolution are additional methods to precisely characterize the depth of the centroid of the probability of gamma interaction along the crystal long axis. This depth is measured to /spl plusmn/0.01 cm for each of 4 planar arrays and applied for more accurate LOR positioning in super-fast real-time rebinning hardware. With DOI and measured centroid depth applied. FWHM transaxial spatial resolution is 0.4 cm at FOV center and 0.6 cm at 10 cm off center. Without DOI, resolution degrades as much as 33%.
Densification strategies for high endurance PM components (1997)

In recent years the use of powder metallurgy (P/M) parts in automotive drivetrains has shown impressive growth. This is forecast to continue in the medium term (1-5 years) with the ongoing adoption of high volume components such as powder forged connecting rods, P/M main bearing caps and P/M transmission sprockets. In the longer term (5-10 years) continued real growth will become increasingly dependent on P/M's ability to displace parts made from heat treated, low alloy wrought steel. Many traditional P/M materials will not meet the durability demands of these components, in part due to strength deficits caused by residual porosity and inappropriate alloying. This review paper focuses on the density requirements for high performance components. By reference to actual parts in production, it is proposed that no single high density process will meet the requirements for every component. A variety of strategies must be developed, keeping in mind from the outset, that any new process must have a sustainable cost advantage if it is to succeed in dislodging long established manufacturing methods.
The Effect of Properties of Encapsulated Pigment Inks on Optical Density (2006)

If an ink jet is applied to an office printer, it is important to obtain high optical density on plain paper, consistent with that of a laser beam printer. Also, on the point of durability and water resistance, pigment inks have advantages for office use over dye inks. Encapsulated pigment inks that are coated with water-insoluble polymers in particular can achieve high optical density, compared with conventional pigment inks, which are dispersed by water-soluble dispersants.For this paper, to use these encapsulated pigment inks effectively, we prepared several encapsulated pigment inks, which had different wettability and penetration ability on plain paper, and investigated the relationship between their properties and their optical density on plain paper. We found that inks with both high wettability and low penetration ability indicate high optical density. To confirm the cause(s) of these results, we measured the ratio of white spot to solid image by image processing. We also examined the depth profile of the pigment from the paper surface by TOF-SIMS analysis.
Automated thermal mapping techniques using chromatic image analysis (1989)

Thermal imaging techniques are introduced using a chromatic image analysis system and temperature sensitive coatings. These techniques are used for thermal mapping and surface heat transfer measurements on aerothermodynamic test models in hypersonic wind tunnels. Measurements are made on complex vehicle configurations in a timely manner and at minimal expense. The image analysis system uses separate wavelength filtered images to analyze surface spectral intensity data. The system was initially developed for quantitative surface temperature mapping using two-color thermographic phosphors but was found useful in interpreting phase change paint and liquid crystal data as well.
Pancreatic gene expression is altered during acute experimental pancreatitis in the rat (1991)

We investigated pancreatic gene expression in the rat in response to taurocholate-induced acute pancreatitis. Concentrations of transcripts encoding pancreatic protein showed noncoordinated alterations. Contents in amylase, trypsinogen I, chymotrypsinogen B, elastase 1, and procarboxypeptidase A mRNAs decreased by greater than 50% during the acute phase (days 0-2), whereas actin and lithostathine mRNAs increased 5 and 0.6 times, respectively, and pancreatitis-associated protein (PAP) mRNA increased greater than 200 times, indicating redirection of the pattern of gene expression. Synthesis of pancreatic proteins was also altered in a noncoordinated manner. During the acute phase, it decreased more for trypsinogen I and chymotrypsinogen B than for amylase and lipase, whereas synthesis of the PAP increased dramatically. For amylase and chymotrypsinogen B, we compared the patterns of changes in mRNA concentrations, rates of synthesis, and pancreatic contents. Changes in enzyme contents and synthetic rates were temporally correlated during the acute phase. On the contrary, changes in mRNA concentrations and enzyme synthesis were not coordinated, suggesting that control of synthesis partly occurred at the posttranscriptional level. It was concluded that induction of pancreatitis is accompanied by transcriptional and posttranscriptional modifications resulting in rapid and massive rearrangement of the pattern of pancreatic protein gene expression.
Model predictive control for tilt recovery of an omnidirectional wheeled humanoid robot (2015)

The goal of this paper is to present a real-time controller for an omnidirectional wheeled humanoid robot which can be strongly disturbed and tilt around its wheels. It is based on two linear model predictive controllers, managed by a tilt supervisor, which detects changes of the dynamic model caused by the tilt of the robot. Experimental results are proposed on the robot Pepper made by Aldebaran, showing good performance in term of stability an robustness.
Adjustable coherence depth in a geometrically desensitized interferometer (1998)

Geometrically desensitized interferometry uses two beams at different incident angles to generate an interference pattern with an equivalent wavelength of 5 to 20 micrometers. Unlike conventional interferometers, the fringe contrast is primarily a function of the optical geometry, rather than the spectral properties of the source light. In particular, a line-shaped source provides either a narrow or broad contrast envelope, depending on the orientation of the line with respect to the plane of incidence. This adjustable coherence depth is useful for initial system alignment, depth scanning and for separating surfaces of transparent flat parts.
Congener-Independent Immunoassay for Microcystins and Nodularins (2001)

Cyanobacteria (blue-green algae) (e.g., Microcystis and Nodularia spp.) capable of producing toxic peptides are found in fresh and brackish water worldwide. These toxins include the microcystin (MC) heptapeptides (>60 congeners) and the nodularin pentapeptides (ca. 5 congeners). Cyanobacterial cyclic peptide toxins are harmful to man, other mammals, birds, and fish. Acute exposure to high concentrations of these toxins causes liver damage, while subchronic or chronic exposure may promote liver tumor formation. The detection of cyclic peptide cyanobacterial toxins in surface and drinking waters has been hampered by the low limits of detection required and that the present routine detection is restricted to a few of the congeners. The unusual β-amino acid ADDA (4E,6E-3-amino-9-methoxy-2,6,8-trimethyl-10-phenyldeca-4,6-dienoic acid) is present in most (>80%) of the known toxic penta- and heptapeptide toxin congeners. Here, we report the synthesis of two ADDA-haptens, the raising of antibodies to ADDA, and the development of a competitive indirect ELISA for the detection of microcystins and nodularins utilizing these antibodies. The assay has a limit of quantitation of 0.02−0.07 ng/mL (depending on which congeners are present), lower than the WHO-proposed guideline (1 ng/mL) for drinking water, irrespective of the sample matrix (raw water, drinking water, or pure toxin in PBS). This new ELISA is robust, can be performed without sample preconcentration, detects toxins in freshwater samples at lower concentrations than does the protein phosphatase inhibition assay, and shows very good cross-reactivity with all cyanobacterial cyclic peptide toxin congeners tested to date (MC-LR, -RR, -YR, -LW, -LF, 3-desmethyl-MC-LR, 3-desmethyl-MC-RR, and nodularin).
Opportunities in Software Engineering Research for Web API Consumption (2017)

Nowadays, invoking third party code increasingly involves calling web services via their web APIs, as opposed to the more traditional scenario of downloading a library and invoking the library's API. However, there are also new challenges for developers calling these web APIs. In this paper, we highlight a broad set of these challenges and argue for resulting opportunities for software engineering research to support developers in consuming web APIs. We outline two specific research threads in this context: (1) web API specification curation, which enables us to know the signatures of web APIs, and (2) static analysis that is capable of extracting URLs, HTTP methods etc. of web API calls. Furthermore, we present new work on how we combine (1) and (2) to provide IDE support for application developers consuming web APIs. As web APIs are used broadly, research in supporting the consumption of web APIs offers exciting opportunities.
A Fast (3,n)-Threshold Secret Sharing Scheme Using Exclusive-OR Operations (2008)

In Shamir's (k, n)-threshold secret sharing scheme [1], a heavy computational cost is required to make n shares and recover the secret from k shares. As a solution to this problem, several fast threshold schemes have been proposed. However, there is no fast ideal (k, n)-threshold scheme, where k≥3 and n is arbitrary. This paper proposes a new fast (3, n)-threshold scheme by using just EXCLUSIVE-OR (XOR) operations to make shares and recover the secret, which is an ideal secret sharing scheme similar to Shamir's scheme. Furthermore, we evaluate the efficiency of the scheme, and show that it is more efficient than Shamir's in terms of computational cost. Moreover, we suggest a fast (k, n)-threshold scheme can be constructed in a similar way by increasing the sets of random numbers constructing pieces of shares.
Cambridge quantum network (2019)

Abstract Future-proofing current fibre networks with quantum key distribution (QKD) is an attractive approach to combat the ever growing breaches of data theft. To succeed, this approach must offer broadband transport of quantum keys, efficient quantum key delivery and seamless user interaction, all within the existing fibre network. However, quantum networks to date either require dark fibres and/or offer bit rates inadequate for serving a large number of users. Here we report a city wide high-speed metropolitan QKD network—the Cambridge quantum network—operating on fibres already populated with high-bandwidth data traffic. We implement a robust key delivery layer to demonstrate essential network operation, as well as enabling encryption of 100 Gigabit per second (Gbps) simultaneous data traffic with rapidly refreshed quantum keys. Network resilience against link disruption is supported by high-QKD link rates and network link redundancy. We reveal that such a metropolitan network can support tens of thousands of users with key rates in excess of 1 kilobit per second (kbps) per user. Our result hence demonstrates a clear path for implementing quantum security in metropolitan fibre networks.
Circumvention of platinum resistance: structure-activity relationship for homologous series of ammine/amine platinum(II) complexes in L1210 cell lines. (1994)

Ammine/amine dichloroplatinum(II) complexes have been evaluated for structure-activity relationship in wild-type L1210/0, 185-fold cisplatin-resistant L1210/DDP and 39-fold tetraplatin-resistant L1210/DACH murine leukemia cells. The mechanism of resistance in these cell lines is multifactorial, with DNA repair playing a dominant role. The amines incorporated in the complexes were selected from the alicyclic, heterocyclic and isoaliphatic class, and contained 3, 4, 5 or 6 carbon atoms. The studies demonstrated that ascending each of the homologous series increased cytotoxic potency against sensitive and cisplatin-resistant cell lines and, more importantly, reduced the cross-resistance of cisplatin-resistant cells. Resistance factors (IC50 in resistant cells/IC50 in wild-type cells) were substantially lower than those for cisplatin, but greater than those seen for tetraplatin. In L1210/DACH cells, the potency remained similar across the alicyclic and isoaliphatic series, while there was a consistent decrease in activity in the heterocyclic series for each stepwise increase in amine size. Furthermore, the relationship between structure and resistance factor in L1210/DACH cells was in direct contrast to that seen in the L1210/DDP model in that the factors increased on ascending the homologous series stepwise. The lower members of the alicyclic and heterocyclic series and cisplatin had comparable resistance factors in the L1210/DACH line; higher members displayed resistance factors that were comparable to or greater than that of tetraplatin. These results provide evidence for amine class and size as factors that can modulate the potency and capacity of ammine/amine platinum complexes to circumvent cisplatin or tetraplatin resistance.
2D material printer: a deterministic cross-contamination-free rapid-transfer method for photonic integration (Conference Presentation) (2019)

Heterogeneous integration of ultra-thin atomic layer is expected to dominate future photonic and electronic devices due to their rich unique physical properties. Hence, an understanding of the role played by excitons of transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDs) is a prerequisite for achieving compact, cost-effective, efficient, fast and broadband optical modulator for advancement of optical communication. Here, we demonstrate a novel method of transferring 2D materials resembling the functionality known from printing; utilizing a combination of a sharp micro-stamper and viscoelastic polymer, we show precise placement of individual 2D materials resulting in vanishing cross-contamination to the substrate. Our 2D printer-method results in an aerial cross-contamination improvement of two to three orders of magnitude relative to state-of-the-art transfer methods from a source of average area for single flake (~50 μm2). Testing this 2D material printer on taped-out integrated Silicon photonic chips, we further demonstrate passive tunable coupling i.e. from overcoupled to undercoupled regime via critical coupling condition by integrating few layers of MoTe2 on a micro-ring resonator (MRR) for the first time which is important for active device functionality such as energy efficient modulator. Using this TMD–ring heterostructure, we further demonstrate a semi-empirical method to determine the index of the unknown TMD material near for telecommunication-relevant wavelengths. This novel approach bears further development potential to determine the index of the monolayers with high accuracy as compared to conventional methods. Such accurate and substrate-benign transfer method for 2D materials could be industrialized for rapid device prototyping due to its high time-reduction, accuracy, and contamination-free process.
Fast articulated motion tracking using a sums of Gaussians body model (2011)

We present an approach for modeling the human body by Sums of spatial Gaussians (SoG), allowing us to perform fast and high-quality markerless motion capture from multi-view video sequences. The SoG model is equipped with a color model to represent the shape and appearance of the human and can be reconstructed from a sparse set of images. Similar to the human body, we also represent the image domain as SoG that models color consistent image blobs. Based on the SoG models of the image and the human body, we introduce a novel continuous and differentiable model-to-image similarity measure that can be used to estimate the skeletal motion of a human at 5-15 frames per second even for many camera views. In our experiments, we show that our method, which does not rely on silhouettes or training data, offers an good balance between accuracy and computational cost.
Automated choroidal neovascularization detection algorithm for optical coherence tomography angiography (2015)

Optical coherence tomography angiography has recently been used to visualize choroidal neovascularization (CNV) in participants with age-related macular degeneration. Identification and quantification of CNV area is important clinically for disease assessment. An automated algorithm for CNV area detection is presented in this article. It relies on denoising and a saliency detection model to overcome issues such as projection artifacts and the heterogeneity of CNV. Qualitative and quantitative evaluations were performed on scans of 7 participants. Results from the algorithm agreed well with manual delineation of CNV area.
Optimization of Reliable Transparent Organic Light‐Emitting Devices (1999)

Abstract The optical and electrical properties of the Mg‐Ag/ITO electrode of transparent organic light emitting devices (TOLED) have been extensively studied. An optimum thickness of Mg‐Ag has been chosen to achieve low operational voltage and high transparency. A more than 20‐fold improvement in ITO deposition rate over that previously reported has been achieved. Reliability data comparable to those of conventional OLEDs have been obtained.
Quantitative Analysis of Dual-Purpose, Patient-Specific Craniofacial Implants for Correction of Temporal Deformity (2015)

Computer-designed, dual-purpose CCIs can be safely created with unprecedented shape to prevent and/or eradicate postoperative temporal deformity.
Cloning of the Human Sodium-Iodide Symporter Promoter and Characterization in a Differentiated Human Thyroid Cell Line, KAT-50 (1998)

Elucidation of the regulation of human sodium-iodide symporter (hNIS) gene expression is critical to understanding its effects on iodide concentration abilities of thyroid and thyroid carcinomas. To explore this issue, a 1.2-kb portion of the 5'-flanking region of the hNIS gene was isolated and characterized. Transient transfections with chimeric luciferase-reporter constructs into a differentiated human thyroid cell line, KAT-50, as well as non-thyroidal cells, defined an active promoter with tissue-specificity. Reverse-transcriptase polymerase chain reaction analysis for hNIS mRNA expression in normal human tissues was positive in thyroid, salivary gland, omentum, and gallbladder. KAT-50 cells expressed hNIS mRNA and were capable of thyrotropin-responsive iodide uptake in vitro. Despite the failure to exhibit iodide concentration in clinical anaplastic carcinoma tumors, 4 of 5 cell lines from this cancer phenotype expressed hNIS mRNA. Definition of the active promoter provides further insights and tools to uncover new approaches to use of radioiodine for therapy of thyroid carcinomas.