gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Abstract B6: Epigenetic regulation of Hedgehog pathway transcriptional output by BET bromodomain proteins (2014)

Abstract Aberrant activation of Hedgehog signaling drives oncogenesis in several types of cancer. As a result, there has been significant interest in developing therapeutic strategies targeting this pathway, most notably through inhibition of Smoothened. Though Smoothened inhibitors have shown efficacy in several cancer clinical trials, the initial enthusiasm for these inhibitors has been tempered by emergence of resistance and a priori resistance, often via mutation of Smoothened itself or through dysregulation of downstream components of the Hedgehog signaling axis. Here we reveal a strategy that overcomes these resistance mechanisms by targeting the far downstream transcriptional mediators of Hedgehog signaling through inhibition of the BET bromodomain protein, BRD4. We show that knockdown of BRD4 or treatment with the BET bromodomain inhibitor, JQ1, dramatically inhibits transcription of GLI1 and other Hedgehog target genes upon ligand-mediated or genetic activation of the Hedgehog pathway. We confirm the inhibitory effect of JQ1 occurs downstream of SMO and SUFU and verify by chromatin immunoprecipitation that Brd4 directly occupies the GLI1 and GLI2 promoters, with a substantial decrease in the engagement of these genomic sites upon treatment with JQ1. We observe a corresponding downregulation of genes associated with medulloblastoma-specific GLI1 binding sites upon exposure to JQ1, confirming the direct regulation of GLI1 by BET bromodomain proteins. Finally, using patient- and GEMM-derived cell lines of Hedgehog-driven cancer (basal cell carcinoma, medulloblastoma and ATRT), we show that JQ1 decreases Hh pathway output and proliferation, even in cell lines resistant to Smoothened inhibitors. These results expand the role of BET bromodomain inhibitors to targeting Hedgehog-driven cancers and highlight a strategy that overcomes the limitation of Hedgehog pathway inhibitors currently in clinical use. Citation Format: Yujie Tang, Simone Schubert, Jun Qi, Brian Nguyen, Sabran Masoud, Nujsaunusi Vue, Brianna Balansay, Furong Yu, Scott X. Atwood, Ramon J. Whitson, Anitha Ponnuswami, Spencer Chen, Sharareh Gholamin, Woo J. Pamelyn, Michelle Monje-Diesseroth, Sekyung Oh, Alex Lee, Jean Y. Tang, Rob Wechsler-Reya, Anthony E. Oro, James E. Bradner, Yoon-Jae Cho. Epigenetic regulation of Hedgehog pathway transcriptional output by BET bromodomain proteins. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Special Conference on Pediatric Cancer at the Crossroads: Translating Discovery into Improved Outcomes; Nov 3-6, 2013; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2013;74(20 Suppl):Abstract nr B6.
Nanosized corners for trapping and detecting magnetic nanoparticles (2009)

We present a device concept based on controlled micromagnetic configurations in a corner-shaped permalloy nanostructure terminated with two circular disks, specifically designed for the capture and detection of a small number of magnetic beads in suspension. A transverse head-to-head domain wall (TDW) placed at the corner of the structure plays the role of an attracting pole for magnetic beads. The TDW is annihilated in the terminating disks by applying an appropriate magnetic field, whose value is affected by the presence of beads chemically bound to the surface. In the case where the beads are not chemically bound to the surface, the annihilation of the TDW causes their release into the suspension. The variation of the voltage drop across the corner, due to the anisotropic magnetoresistance (AMR) while sweeping the magnetic field, is used to detect the presence of a chemically bound bead. The device response has been characterized by using both synthetic antiferromagnetic nanoparticles (disks of 70 nm diameter and 20 nm height) and magnetic nanobeads, for different thicknesses of the protective capping layer. We demonstrate the detection down to a single nanoparticle, therefore the device holds the potential for the localization and detection of small numbers of molecules immobilized on the particle's functionalized surface.
Table-top soft x-ray lasers (1999)

This article reviews the progress in the development of practical table-top sources of soft x-ray laser radiation. The field is rapidly approaching the stage at which soft x-ray lasers sufficiently compact to fit onto a normal optical table will be routinely utilized in science and technology. This is the result of recent advances in the amplification of soft x-ray radiation in both compact laser-pumped and discharge-pumped devices. The use of excitation mechanisms that take full advantage of new ultrafast high power optical laser drivers and multiple pulse excitation schemes has resulted in the demonstration of saturated soft x-ray amplification at wavelengths as short as 14 nm using several Joule of laser-pump energy. Moreover, several schemes have demonstrated significant gain with only a fraction of a Joule of laser-pump energy. In addition, the demonstration of saturated table-top soft x-ray lasers pumped by very compact capillary discharges has shattered the notion that discharge-created plasmas are insufficiently uniform to allow for soft x-ray amplification, opening a route for the development of efficient, high average power soft x-ray lasers. Recently, a table-top capillary discharge laser operating at 46.9 nm has produced millijoule-level laser pulses at a repetition rate of several Hz, with a corresponding spatially coherent average power per unit bandwidth comparable to that of a beam line at a third generation synchrotron facility. This review summarizes fundamental and technical aspects of table-top soft x-ray lasers based on the generation of population inversions in plasmas, and discusses the present status of development of specific laser systems.
RPC-Based Coregistration of VHR Imagery for Urban Change Detection (2016)

In urban change detection, coregistration between bi-temporal Very High Resolution (VHR) images taken from different viewing angles, especially from high off-nadir angles, is very challenging. The relief displacements of elevated objects in such images usually lead to significant misregistration that negatively affects the accuracy of change detection. This paper presents a novel solution, called Patch-Wise CoRegistration (PWCR), that can overcome the misregistration problem caused by viewing angle difference and accordingly improve the accuracy of urban change detection. The PWCR method utilizes a Digital Surface Model (DSM) and the Rational Polynomial Coefficients (RPCs) of the images to find corresponding points in a bi-temporal image set. The corresponding points are then used to generate corresponding patches in the image set. To prove that the PWCR method can overcome the misregistration problem and help achieving accurate change detection, two change detection criteria are tested and incorporated into a change detection framework. Experiments on four bi-temporal image sets acquired by Ikonos, GeoEye-1, and Worldview-2 satellites from different viewing angles show that the PWCR method can achieve highly accurate image patch coregistration (up to 80 percent higher than traditional coregistration for elevated objects), so that the change detection framework can produce accurate urban change detection results (over 90 percent).
Synthesis of high-purity sinterable silicon nitride powder (1989)

Recent data have demonstrated that the in vivo effects of low dosages of two pyrethroids, cismethrin and deltamethrin, can be differentiated. Two behavioral tests, locomotor activity and the acoustic startle response (ASR), were utilized to separate the behavioral actions of Type I and II pyrethroids using permethrin, RU11679, cypermethrin, RU26607, fenvalerate, cyfluthrin, flucythrinate, fluvalinate and p,p'-DDT. Dosage-effect functions for all compounds were determined for both figure-eight-maze activity and the ASR in the rat. All compounds were administered po in 1 ml/kg corn oil 1.5-3 hr prior to testing. All compounds produced dosage-dependent decreases in locomotor activity. The Type I compounds, permethrin and RU11679, along with p,p'-DDT, increased amplitude and had no effect on latency to onset of the ASR. In contrast, the Type II pyrethroids, cypermethrin, cyfluthrin, and flucythrinate, decreased amplitude and increased the latency to onset of the ASR. Fenvalerate increased the amplitude, had no effect on latency, but unlike the other compounds tested, increased ASR sensitization. Fluvalinate had no effect on any measure of the ASR. These data provide further evidence of the differences between the in vivo effects of low dosages of Type I and II pyrethroids, and extend the findings of our previous work to other representatives of the two classes of pyrethroids.
Wind speed estimation for wind turbine control (2012)

In the literature, proposed control strategies for the efficiency of wind energy conversion systems are usually based on gain scheduling PI controller using the pitch angle to control the rotor speed. Focus is then only made on power production. In previous work, we proposed a model based control strategy that highly decreases the mechanical solicitation of the structure while preserving power production. This control strategy is based on aerodynamical models that uses the measure of the wind speed as an input. For many applications such as wind resource assessment and power performance testing, it is the mean speed (usually averaged over 10 minutes) at a particular height above ground that is of interest. The most appropriate type of instrument for such applications is undoubtedly anemometers. However, for control purpose, instantaneous wind speed is needed. Such devices already exist as LIDAR (Light Detection And Ranging) for example. However, this measurement is not accurate for all turbulence wind conditions. Thus, wind speed estimation is needed to robustify the proposed control strategy. The proposed estimator is an observer estimating the wind speed and the aeroelastic torque for various wind conditions. The aim of this paper is to see the impact of using this estimator in the control strategy on performance and on the lifetime of the structure. The observer based control strategy has been validated using FAST, for several turbulence wind conditions showing the impact of the wind speed estimator on performance and the lifetime of the system for onshore and offshore wind turbine.
A programmable 1.5 V CMOS class-AB operational amplifier with hybrid nested Miller compensation for 120 dB gain and 6 MHz UGF (1994)

The paper presents a rail-to-rail class-AB operational amplifier in a standard v/sub th/=0.6 V CMOS technology operating at 1.5 V. A hybrid nested Miller compensation technique yields 6 MHz unity gain frequency at 300 /spl mu/A supply current, 120 dB gain and programmability. Operation down to 1.0 V at 15 /spl mu/A is possible with 300 kHz UGF. The die area of the chip is 0.05 mm/sup 2/ (70 mil/sup 2/).< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
On Codes for Optimal Rebuilding Access (2011)

MDS (maximum distance separable) array codes are widely used in storage systems due to their computationally efficient encoding and decoding procedures. An MDS code with r redundancy nodes can correct any r erasures by accessing (reading) all the remaining information in both the systematic nodes and the parity (redundancy) nodes. However, in practice, a single erasure is the most likely failure event; hence, a natural question is how much information do we need to access in order to rebuild a single storage node? We define the rebuilding ratio as the fraction of remaining information accessed during the rebuilding of a single erasure. In our previous work we showed that the optimal rebuilding ratio of 1/r is achievable (using our newly constructed array codes) for the rebuilding of any systematic node, however, all the information needs to be accessed for the rebuilding of the parity nodes. Namely, constructing array codes with a rebuilding ratio of 1/r was left as an open problem. In this paper, we solve this open problem and present array codes that achieve the lower bound of 1/r for rebuilding any single systematic or parity node.
Reducing Instruction Fetch Cost by Packing Instructions into RegisterWindows (2006)

Instruction packing is a combination compiler/architectural approach that allows for decreased code size, reduced power consumption and improved performance. The packing is obtained by placing frequently occurring instructions into an instruction register file (IRF). Multiple IRF entries can then be accessed using special packed instructions. Previous IRF efforts focused on using a single 32-entry register file for the duration of an application. This paper presents software and hardware extensions to the IRF supporting multiple instruction register windows to allow a greater number of relevant instructions to be available for packing in each function. Windows are shared among similar functions to reduce the overall costs involved in such an approach. The results indicate that significant improvements in instruction fetch cost can be obtained by using this simple architectural enhancement. We also show that using an IRF with a loop cache, which is also used to reduce energy consumption, results in much less energy consumption than using either feature in isolation.
Effects of L-carnitine fed during gestation and lactation on sow and litter performance. (1999)

Multiparous sows (n = 307) were used to evaluate the effects of added dietary L-carnitine, 100 mg/d during gestation and 50 ppm during lactation, on sow and litter performance. Treatments were arranged as a 2 (gestation or lactation) x2 (with or without L-carnitine) factorial. Control sows were fed 1.81 kg/d of a gestation diet containing .65% total lysine. Treated sows were fed 1.59 kg/d of the control diet with a .23 kg/d topdressing of the control diet that provided 100 mg/d of added L-carnitine. Lactation diets were formulated to contain 1.0% total lysine with or without 50 ppm of added L-carnitine. Sows fed 100 mg/d of added L-carnitine had increased IGF-I concentration on d 60 (71.3 vs. 38.0 ng/mL, P<.01) and 90 of gestation (33.0 vs. 25.0 ng/mL, P = .04). Sows fed added L-carnitine had increased BW gain (55.3 vs 46.3 kg; P<.01) and last rib fat depth gain (2.6 vs. 1.6 mm; P = .04) during gestation. Feeding 100 mg/d of added L-carnitine in gestation increased both total litter (15.5 vs. 14.6 kg; P = .04) and pig (1.53 vs 1.49 kg; P<.01) birth weight. No differences were observed in pig birth weight variation. Added L-carnitine fed during gestation increased litter weaning weight (45.0 vs. 41.3 kg, P = .02); however, no effect of feeding L-carnitine during lactation was observed. No differences were observed in subsequent days to estrus or farrowing rate. Compared to the control diet, feeding added L-carnitine in either gestation, lactation, or both, increased (P<.05) the subsequent number of pigs born alive, but not total born. In conclusion, feeding L-carnitine throughout gestation increased sow body weight and last rib fat depth gain and increased litter weights at birth and weaning.
Online Voltage Stability Assessment for Load Areas Based on the Holomorphic Embedding Method (2017)

This paper proposes an online steady-state voltage stability assessment scheme to evaluate the proximity to voltage collapse at each bus of a load area. Using a non-iterative holomorphic embedding method (HEM) with a proposed physical germ solution, an accurate loading limit at each load bus can be calculated based on online state estimation on the entire load area and a measurement-based equivalent for the external system. The HEM employs a power series to calculate an accurate Power-Voltage (P-V) curve at each load bus and accordingly evaluates the voltage stability margin considering load variations in the next period. An adaptive two-stage Pade approximants method is proposed to improve the convergence of the power series for accurate determination of the nose point on the P-V curve with moderate computational burden. The proposed method is illustrated in detail on a 4-bus test system and then demonstrated on a load area of the Northeast Power Coordinating Council (NPCC) 48-geneartor, 140-bus power system.
Using crowdsourced satellite SNR measurements for 3D mapping and real-time GNSS positioning improvement (2014)

Geopositioning using Global Navigation Satellite Systems (GNSS), such as the Global Positioning System (GPS), is inaccurate in urban environments due to frequent non-line-of-sight (NLOS) signal reception. This poses a major problem for mobile services that benefit from accurate urban localization, such as navigation, hyperlocal advertising, and geofencing applications. However, urban NLOS signal reception can be exploited in two ways. First, one can use satellite signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) measurements crowdsourced from mobile devices to create 3D environment maps. This is possible because, for example, the SNR of signals obstructed by buildings is lower on average than that of line-of-sight (LOS) signals. Second, in a sort of reverse process called Shadow Matching, SNR readings from a particular device at an instant in time can be compared to 3D maps to provide real-time localization improvement. In this paper we give a brief overview of how such a system works and describe a scalable, low-cost, software-only architecture that implements it.
Electrostatic correction of the chromatic and of the spherical aberration of charged-particle lenses (Part II) (2002)

A doubly symmetric electrostatic corrector which compensates for the axial chromatic and the axial third-order aberration of charged-particle lenses is outlined. Due to the double symmetry the corrector does not introduce linear off-axis aberrations and yields in combination with a round objective lens an electron-optical aplanat. The principle of the electrostatic correction of the axial chromatic aberration is explained in mathematical terms. The geometry of the electrodes of a suitable corrector is optimized with respect to the chromatic correction, the maximum strength of the electric field, and the residual higher-order aberrations which limit the resolution. The resulting aplanat achieves a resolution limit of about 2 nm for an image field with a diameter of 1500 nm. The required stabilities of the electric power supplies are discussed in detail.
Pulse Construction in OFDM Systems Via Convex Optimization (2008)

In order to reduce the inter-carrier interference (ICI) produced by frequency offset in OFDM systems, we set up an optimization problem to find the transmission pulse which maximizes the signal-to-average-ICI power ratio. Furthermore, by solving a constrained convex optimization problem, our pulses can satisfy various decay requirements, for instance with respect to a prescribed spectral mask. The latter is an important feature in order to comply with industry standard specifications. Furthermore we discuss issues concerning the numerical treatment of the constrained convex optimization problem. Simulation results show that our pulses outperform many currently known transmission pulses with respect to the ICI criterion.
The design and evaluation of multi-finger mouse emulation techniques (2009)

We explore the use of multi-finger input to emulate full mouse functionality, such as the tracking state, three buttons, and chording. We first present the design space for such techniques, which serves as a guide for the systematic investigation of possible solutions. We then perform a series of pilot studies to come up with recommendations for the various aspects of the design space. These pilot studies allow us to arrive at a recommended technique, the SDMouse. In a formal study, the SDMouse was shown to significantly improve performance in comparison to previously developed mouse emulation techniques.
Nitrogen Oxide Closed System in the Future Reprocessing Processes (2006)

The aqueous reprocessing process for the future type reactor like as Fast Breeder Reactor(FBR) is being developed in many institutes, while the existence of sodium nitrate as the secondary waste is considered as problematic due to an enormous quantity of sodium nitrate generated and difficulty in its handling for disposal. As a means for solving the problem, a complete recycle of nitric acid and salt free system is considered, but it becomes a constraint in the process constitution. We have devised the alternative system, which shall approve the generation of sodium nitrate, and make the choice of a wide reprocessing process. Under this system nitric acid within sodium nitrate shall be reduced and made into harmless gas, while at the same time, the remaining sodium compound shall be reused in a suitable form. In order to prevent the accumulation of activity by reuse, we propose to use a part of remaining sodium compound as substitution of the fresh sodium within the glass material used for the vitrification. As a result of using this system, the waste caused by sodium nitrate can be reduced to 'zero'. We have studied a typical application case for the future reprocessing process, and got a good result at an economical point of view.
Radial Electron-Beam-Breakup Transit-Time Oscillator (1995)

A new radially driven electron-beam-breakup transit-time oscillator was investigated analytically and through computer simulation as a compact low-impedance high-power microwave generator. In a 1 MV, 50 kA device 35 cm in radius and 15 cm long, with no external magnetic field, 5 GW of extracted power and a growth rate of 0.26/ns were observed. Theoretical maximum efficiencies are several times higher.
High efficiency double-wavelength dielectric metasurface lenses with dichroic birefringent meta-atoms (2016)

Metasurfaces are ultrathin optical structures that manipulate optical wavefronts. Most metasurface devices which deflect light are designed for operation at a single wavelength, and their function changes as the wavelength is varied. Here we propose and demonstrate a double-wavelength metasurface based on polarization dependent dielectric meta-atoms that control the phases of two orthogonal polarizations independently. Using this platform, we design lenses that focus light at 915 and 780 nm with perpendicular linear polarizations to the same focal distance. Lenses with numerical apertures up to 0.7 and efficiencies from 65% to above 90% are demonstrated. In addition to the high efficiency and numerical aperture, an important feature of this technique is that the two operation wavelengths can be chosen to be arbitrarily close. These characteristics make these lenses especially attractive for fluorescence microscopy applications.
Wideband circularly polarized Spidron fractal slot antenna with a grooved dielectric resonator (2015)

A single-feed wideband circularly polarized Spidron fractal slot antenna with a grooved dielectric resonator is presented. To realize a wideband axial ratio, the circular polarizations of both a Spidron fractal slot and a grooved rectangular dielectric resonator are merged. The proposed antenna is excited by a simple 50-Ω microstrip feed line which is located underneath the Spidron fractal slot. A prototype of the proposed antenna is fabricated and tested. The measured −10 dB reflection coefficient bandwidth and 3 dB axial ratio bandwidth are 40.33% (1.94–2.92 GHz) and 23.75% (2.30–2.92 GHz), respectively. The measured peak gain of the antenna is 4.23 dBic.