gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
DESIGN AND CONSTRUCTION OF ASPHALT PAVING MATERIALS WITH CRUMB RUBBER MODIFIER (1992)

This document is a concise overview of the terminology, processes, products, and applications of crumb rubber modifier (CRM) technology. This technology includes any use of scrap tire rubber in asphalt paving materials. In general, CRM technology can be divided into two categories, the wet process and dry process. When CRM is incorporated into an asphalt paving material, it will modify the properties of the binder (asphalt rubber) and act as a rubber aggregate (rubber-modified hot-mix asphalt). The use of asphalt rubber crack and joint sealant is common across the country and is routinely used by many state maintenance crews. A surface treatment using an asphalt rubber spray application is called a stress-absorbing membrane (SAM). The use of CRM in hot-mix asphalt paving materials has broad variability and potential. Composite designs with CRM paving materials are a two-layer system and a three-layer system. The growing nationwide interest in alternative uses for scrap tires has provided CRM technologists with the catalyst to develop new concepts for applying CRM. The major interest has been to develop generic dry process mixes and a continuous blending wet process. There are two principal unresolved issues related to the use of CRM in asphalt paving materials. On the national level, the ability to recycle asphalt paving mixes containing CRM has not been demonstrated. At the state and local level, these modified asphalt mixes must be field evaluated to establish expected levels of performance.
Gene expression profiling of potential PPARγ target genes in mouse aorta (2004)

Diminished activity of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma (PPARgamma) may play a role in the pathogenesis of hypertension and vascular dysfunction. To better understand what genes are regulated by PPARgamma, an experimental data set was generated by microarray analysis, in duplicate, of pooled aortic mRNA isolated from mice treated for 21 days with a PPARgamma agonist (rosiglitazone) or vehicle. Of the 12,488 probe sets present on the array (Affymetrix MG-U74Av2), 181 were differentially expressed between groups according to a statistical metric generated using Affymetrix software. A significant correlation was observed between the microarray results and real-time RT-PCR analysis of 39 of these genes. Cluster analysis revealed 3 expression patterns, 29 transcripts of moderate abundance that were decreased (-93%) to very low levels, 106 transcripts that were downregulated (-42%), and 46 transcripts that were upregulated (+70%). Functional groups that were decreased included inflammatory response (-93%, n = 6), immune response (-86%, n = 7), and cytokines (-82%, n = 7). There was an overall upregulation in the oxidoreductase activity group (+47%, n = 9). Individually, six transcripts in this group were increased (+72%), and three were decreased (-34%). Fourteen of the genes map to regions in the rat genome that have been linked to increased blood pressure, and of 142 upstream regions analyzed, sequences resembling the DNA binding site for PPARgamma were identified in 101 of the differentially expressed genes.
An Energy Efficient Multiuser Uplink Transmission Scheme in the Next Generation WLAN for Internet of Things (2016)

This paper proposes a novel and energy efficient Internet of Things (IoT) communication scheme for next generation Wireless Local Area Network (WLAN). There are a couple of crucial requirements among unique IoT requirements: a large number of communication devices must be supported, and they must have low power consumption. Since sensor-type IoT devices, which are expected to be one of the major types of IoT devices, normally generate uplink traffic rather than downlink traffic, an energy efficient multiuser uplink transmission scheme is a crucial feature of IoT communication. In the next generation WLAN, IEEE 802.11ax, Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiple Access (OFDMA) is adopted to support a greater number of devices. However, uplink OFDMA procedures that consider the unique IoT requirements have not been fully considered in the next generation WLANs. A random access-based WLAN uplink OFDMA transmission scheme is proposed in this paper, and analytical modeling of the proposed scheme is provided. The proposed random access-based WLAN uplink OFDMA transmission scheme is able to dynamically adjust the number of contending users by uniquely applying congestion status in a very simple and distributed manner. Our numerical analysis and extensive simulation corroborate the fact that the proposed scheme is able to support a greater number of IoT devices with less power consumption.
Random-forest-based failure prediction for hard disk drives (2018)

Failure prediction for hard disk drives is a typical and effective approach to improve the reliability of storage systems. In a large-scale data center environment, the various brands and models of drives serve diverse applications with different input/output workload patterns, and non-ignorable differences exist in each type of drive failures, which make this mechanism much challenging. Although many efforts are devoted to this mechanism, the accuracy still needs to be improved. In this article, we propose a failure prediction method for hard disk drives based on a part-voting random forest, which differentiates prediction of failures in a coarse-grained manner. We conduct groups of validation experiments on two real-world datasets, which contain the SMART data of 64,193 drives. The experimental results show that our proposed method can achieve a better prediction accuracy than state-of-the-art methods.
Spatial Extent of Plasmonic Enhancement of Vibrational Signals in the Infrared (2014)

Infrared vibrations of molecular species can be enhanced by several orders of magnitude with plasmonic nanoantennas. Based on the confined electromagnetic near-fields of resonantly excited metal nanoparticles, this antenna-assisted surface-enhanced infrared spectroscopy enables the detection of minute amounts of analytes localized in the nanometer-scale vicinity of the structure. Among other important parameters, the distance of the vibrational oscillator of the analyte to the nanoantenna surface determines the signal enhancement. For sensing applications, this is a particularly important issue since the vibrating dipoles of interest may be located far away from the antenna surface because of functional layers and the large size of biomolecules, proteins, or bacteria. The relation between distance and signal enhancement is thus of paramount importance and measured here with in situ infrared spectroscopy during the growth of a probe layer. Our results indicate a diminishing signal enhancement and the effective saturation of the plasmonic resonance shift beyond 100 nm. The experiments carried out under ultra-high-vacuum conditions are supported by numerical calculations.
Annealing behaviours of defects in electron-irradiated diamond probed by positron annihilation (1999)

Annealing behaviours of defects in electron-irradiated diamond were studied using the positron annihilation technique. For a type IIa specimen after 3 MeV electron irradiation with a dose of 1 × 1018 cm-2, the major species of vacancy-type defects was determined to be neutral monovacancies, V0. The trapping rate of positrons by V0 decreased above 600 °C annealing, but the annihilation mode of positrons trapped by vacancy-type defects was observed even after 900 °C annealing. For a type Ib specimen after the irradiation, the major species of vacancy-type defects was determined to be negative monovacancies, and the formation of nitrogen-monovacancy pairs, N-V, was observed after 650 °C annealing. The annihilation probability between positrons and electrons with a broad momentum distribution was found to be increased by the trapping of positrons by N-V.
System Design and Capabilities of a Current Technology, Low-Cost, Small Satellite (2025)

Ball Aerospace, with its successful background and strong interest in low-cost lightweight satellites, is studying the designs of current technology satellites for a variety of launchers (e.g., STS/GAS, Pershing, Scout, Poseidon, Conestoga, Titan 11, ILV, and Delta II). Ball Aerospace has completed the design of a current technology, multi-mission, low-cost Scout-compatible satellite. This paper summarizes the system design features and capabilities of this Ball Scout Satellite (BSS). The BSS is designed to accommodate a wide range of Earth and celestially oriented missions, both spinning and 3-axis stabilized. The BSS design provides a marked improvement in payload support capabilities (mass, power, data rate, pointing, interfaces, flexibility, reliability, etc.) than was previously available with earlier Scout satellites, and at a lower cost in current-year dollars.
Nanodetoxification: Emerging Role of Nanomaterials in Drug Intoxication Treatment (2011)

Treatment for intoxication involves the neutralization or clearance of a toxic compound, but the current methods of treatment are limited in their ability to safely and effectively detoxify the patient. Emerging research has focused on using nanoparticles as parenteral detoxifying agents to circulate through the body and capture toxins. The variable compositions of these nanoparticles control the mechanism in which they capture and remove specific compounds. As discussed in this article, the recent methods for utilizing nanoparticles for detoxification show great potential for intoxication treatment. However, several challenges must be overcome before a universal nanoparticle detoxification method is available for clinical use.
On the Analysis and Generalization of Extended Visual Cryptography Schemes (2006)

An Extended Visual Cryptography Scheme (EVCS) was proposed by Ateniese et al. [3] to protect a binary secret image with meaningful (innocent-looking) shares. This is implemented by concatenating an extended matrix to each basis matrix. The minimum size of the extended matrix was obtained from a hypergraph coloring model and the scheme was designed for binary images only [3]. In this paper, we give a more concise derivation for this matrix extension for color images. Furthermore, we present a (k, n) scheme to protect multiple color images with meaningful shares. This scheme is an extension of the (n, n) VCS for multiple binary images proposed in Droste scheme [2].
Nonhuman cells correctly sort and process the human lysosomal enzyme cathepsin D (1989)

Cathepsin D, like most lysosomal enzymes, undergoes multiple proteolytic cleavages during its lifetime. Although the significance of the earliest cleavages of cathepsin D is apparent (loss of the NH2-terminal signal peptide and activation peptide), functions of the two later cleavages are not understood and do not occur in all species. To examine these later events, a cDNA coding for human cathepsin D, which is normally processed to a two-chain form, was isolated and then expressed in mammalian cells from species which do not process the enzyme to the two-chain form. Analysis of the expressed human cathepsin D demonstrated proteolytic processing identical with that seen in normal human fibroblasts. Since processing to the two-chain form of the enzyme occurs in the lysosome, these studies revealed that the human cathepsin D was correctly sorted. The data also indicated that the sorting mechanism was conserved between diverse species and that late proteolytic processing in a variety of species was not determined by the presence or absence of the processing enzymes in the cell.
Interaction effects of temperature and stress on matched-mode gyroscope frequencies (2013)

We present our initial results toward understanding the interaction of temperature and stress on resonant frequencies of a matched-mode SOI-MEMS gyroscope. We also validate a new electrostatic frequency tuning design for gyroscopes that works over large displacements. A stress and temperature gradient is formed on the gyroscope die by using on-chip silicon heaters, affecting the gyroscope frequencies. Simulation and measurements of the gyroscope frequencies under different gradient conditions are compared. We also show that the orientation of the die with respect to an asymmetric package plays an important role in frequency response of the gyroscope to environmental conditions.
Reducing out of stock, shrinkage and overstock through RFID in the fresh food supply chain: Evidence from an Italian retail pilot (2013)

The paper shows how to leverage RFID technology in fresh fast moving consumer goods (FMCG) industry, and, in particular, to optimally manage stock levels on shelves, shelves replenishment, and shrinkage prevention for fresh perishable products. We deployed a pilot project on a FMCG retail supply chain, encompassing a distribution centre and two stores of a major Italian retailer. About 60 products have been RFID tagged at case level. We real time tracked cases of products for 4 months, through the distribution chain all the way to the stores, where the RFID deployment made it possible to punctually monitor shelves stock levels, backroom stock levels and product shrinkage. We demonstrate that the out of stock (OOS) problem is just one piece of a broader picture, that is shelves stock optimization. The higher the stock level on the shelves, the lower the need for shelf replenishment, and thus the likelihood of an OOS. However, the capital holding costs and the risk for product shrinkage increase. The latter issue is particularly relevant for fresh perishable products. This pilot demonstrates that a retailer could reduce OOS, shrinkage and capital holding costs all together, by means of efficient RFID data management. Potential savings for fresh products account approx 1.7% of sale turnover. This study is the first pilot project which assesses the impact of RFID technology on the supply chain of fresh perishable products; a full roll-out of the project is being planned for the next future.
Mycobacterium tuberculosis shape and size variations in alveolar macrophages of tuberculosis patients (2019)

Tuberculosis (TB) is a significant global health threat, with one-third of the world’s population infected with causative agent <i>M. tuberculosis</i> (<i>Mtb</i>). With the increasing prevalence of multidrug and extensively drug resistant (MDR and XDR) TB, there is a need to study the mechanisms of <i>Mtb</i> survival in patients’ alveolar macrophages. The <i>Mtb</i> shape and size alterations during TB disease are expected to be as the markers of virulence, specific defense against host responses and the peculiarities of microbe’s pathogenesis in individual patients. We estimated <i>Mtb</i> shape and size in alveolar macrophages isolated from the resected lungs of patients with pulmonary MDR- and XDR-TB (Ufimtseva, E. et al. Tuberculosis 2019; 114:77-90) after <i>ex vivo</i> culture for 16-18 hours and found its significant variations in <i>Mtb</i> as single and in colonies, including with cord morphology. Mycobacterial shape within alveolar macrophages varied from shorter oval, approximately 0.5 to 1 µm in length, to the classical rods with a mean length in 2-4 µm, and long filamentous forms over 6-7 µm in length, while <i>Mtb</i> width did not change significantly. The <i>Mtb</i> ovoid and classical rods were observed simultaneously in the same <i>ex vivo</i> cell cultures of patients with MDR- and XDR-TB, but often in the different alveolar macrophages, probably reflected some environmental fluctuations in patients’ lungs. The presence of filamentous <i>Mtb</i> was associated with increased virulence of pathogen from the lungs of these patients in guinea pig TB model. Thus, the shape and size variations demonstrated pleomorphic phenomena in <i>Mtb</i> populations during persistence in TB patients’ lungs and the specific features of MDR- and XDR-TB disease.
Oxidative Phosphorylation as an Emerging Target in Cancer Therapy (2018)

Cancer cells have upregulated glycolysis compared with normal cells, which has led many to the assumption that oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) is downregulated in all cancers. However, recent studies have shown that OXPHOS can be also upregulated in certain cancers, including leukemias, lymphomas, pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma, high OXPHOS subtype melanoma, and endometrial carcinoma, and that this can occur even in the face of active glycolysis. OXPHOS inhibitors could therefore be used to target cancer subtypes in which OXPHOS is upregulated and to alleviate therapeutically adverse tumor hypoxia. Several drugs including metformin, atovaquone, and arsenic trioxide are used clinically for non-oncologic indications, but emerging data demonstrate their potential use as OXPHOS inhibitors. We highlight novel applications of OXPHOS inhibitors with a suitable therapeutic index to target cancer cell metabolism. <i>Clin Cancer Res; 24(11); 2482-90. ©2018 AACR</i>.
Visualise Web Usage Mining: Spanning Sequences' Impact on Periodicity Discovery (2010)

In this paper we present a more effective method to discover the periodicity in web log sequence data which handle missing sequences which may occur during the aggregation process, such as sequences that swing between two periods. On other hands, a sequence may start near the end time of a period where the rest of those sequences appear in next period however, these kinds of issues certainly it will leave its effect of periodicity discovery. Moreover, we incorporated OLAP data cube techniques in the aggregation process in order to handle large generated sequences and visualised the discovered periodic patterns, in order to study its impact on periodicity discovery.
NO Need to Worry about Adversarial Examples in Object Detection in Autonomous Vehicles (2017)

It has been shown that most machine learning algorithms are susceptible to adversarial perturbations. Slightly perturbing an image in a carefully chosen direction in the image space may cause a trained neural network model to misclassify it. Recently, it was shown that physical adversarial examples exist: printing perturbed images then taking pictures of them would still result in misclassification. This raises security and safety concerns. However, these experiments ignore a crucial property of physical objects: the camera can view objects from different distances and at different angles. In this paper, we show experiments that suggest that current constructions of physical adversarial examples do not disrupt object detection from a moving platform. Instead, a trained neural network classifies most of the pictures taken from different distances and angles of a perturbed image correctly. We believe this is because the adversarial property of the perturbation is sensitive to the scale at which the perturbed picture is viewed, so (for example) an autonomous car will misclassify a stop sign only from a small range of distances. Our work raises an important question: can one construct examples that are adversarial for many or most viewing conditions? If so, the construction should offer very significant insights into the internal representation of patterns by deep networks. If not, there is a good prospect that adversarial examples can be reduced to a curiosity with little practical impact.
Vision-based tracking in large image database for real-time mobile augmented reality (2014)

This paper presents an approach for tracking natural objects in augmented reality applications. The targets are detected and identified using a markerless approach relying upon the extraction of image salient features and descriptors. The method deals with large image databases using a novel strategy for feature retrieval and pairwise matching. Further-more, the developed method integrates a real-time solution for 3D pose estimation using an analytical technique based on camera perspective transformations. The algorithm associates 2D feature samples coming from the identification part with 3D mapped points of the object space. Next, a sampling scheme for ordering correspondences is carried out to establishing the 2D/3D projective relationship. The tracker performs localization using the feature images and 3D models to enhance the scene view with overlaid graphics by computing the camera motion parameters. The modules built within this architecture are deployed on a mobile platform to provide an intuitive interface for interacting with the surrounding real world. The system is experimented and evaluated on challenging scalable image dataset and the obtained results demonstrate the effectiveness of the approach towards versatile augmented reality applications.
Proteomics-Metabolomics Combined Approach Identifies Peroxidasin as a Protector against Metabolic and Oxidative Stress in Prostate Cancer (2019)

Peroxidasin (PXDN), a human homolog of <i>Drosophila</i> PXDN, belongs to the family of heme peroxidases and has been found to promote oxidative stress in cardiovascular tissue, however, its role in prostate cancer has not been previously elucidated. We hypothesized that PXDN promotes prostate cancer progression via regulation of metabolic and oxidative stress pathways. We analyzed PXDN expression in prostate tissue by immunohistochemistry and found increased PXDN expression with prostate cancer progression as compared to normal tissue or cells. PXDN knockdown followed by proteomic analysis revealed an increase in oxidative stress, mitochondrial dysfunction and gluconeogenesis pathways. Additionally, Liquid Chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS)-based metabolomics confirmed that PXDN knockdown induced global reprogramming associated with increased oxidative stress and decreased nucleotide biosynthesis. We further demonstrated that PXDN knockdown led to an increase in reactive oxygen species (ROS) associated with decreased cell viability and increased apoptosis. Finally, PXDN knockdown decreased colony formation on soft agar. Overall, the data suggest that PXDN promotes progression of prostate cancer by regulating the metabolome, more specifically, by inhibiting oxidative stress leading to decreased apoptosis. Therefore, PXDN may be a biomarker associated with prostate cancer and a potential therapeutic target.
Fade countermeasures at Ka band: Direct Inter-establishment Communications Experiment (DICE) (1991)

In the 20/30 GHz bands the fading of a satellite channel can be severe due to precipitation. In the DICE project a fade countermeasure system is realised using spread spectrum techniques. An adaptive remultiplexer has been developed which varies the spreading ratio depending on the monitored channel quality. The transmitted bandwidth remains constant as the data rate varies according to the fading depth. The fade countermeasure system is applied in a multi-point video conferencing trial over the 20/30 GHz communications payload of ESA's OLYMPUS satellite. The DICE system interconnects up to four sites and offers continuous-presence video, audio and computer data facilities. The video conferencing system is based on small satellite earth stations with 1.5 m antennas and easily transportable units (rollabouts) for the video, audio and graphics facilities.
Exception analysis for non-strict languages (2002)

In this paper we present the first exception analysis for a non-strict language. We augment a simply-typed functional language with exceptions, and show that we can define a type-based inference system to detect uncaught exceptions. We have implemented this exception analysis in the GHC compiler for Haskell, which has been recently extended with exceptions. We give empirical evidence that the analysis is practical.