gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Achieving color point stability in RGB multi-chip LED modules using various color control loops (2005)

The continuing research effort in high power LEDs will allow their use in high quality lighting systems in the (near) future. There are still a number of issues to tackle, for instance the LED's (strong) temperature dependence. This dependence will change the emitted flux and the spectral distribution of the LED. In addition, these parameters will also change as the LED ages. When creating white light by mixing red, green and blue LEDs, the temperature effects described above will already result in a visible color difference after a small rise in temperature. To overcome this issue, a number of LED color control loops have been developed. These loops can be based on: the heat sink temperature, flux measurements of each primary color, a combination of these last two and an integrated color point. For this purpose, an RGB test set up has been built, equipped with a temperature sensor and various photo-sensors. The appropriate color control loops have been implemented and tested in software. Some control loops use empirically determined LED parameters (dλ/dT or T<sub>0</sub>), the value of these parameters has been determined for a different set of LEDs. In addition, initial optical LED (and sensor) calibration has been performed at a single temperature only. The color stability of the various color control loops has been measured for a temperature increase of about 50 degrees Centigrade. In this range, we find that, on short term, all color control loops show a significant improvement in the color error, except for the color control loop based on flux measurements of each primary color, which performs nearly as mediocre as open loop. However, the color control loop based on the heat sink temperature cannot offer color stability when the LED ages, which is expected to be significant. The color control loop based on an integrated color point seems the most expensive one.
Quantitative ultrasound backscatter parameters in the human cervix (2014)

Quantitative ultrasound has been investigated as a tool for monitoring cervical changes that might result in preterm birth. Backscatter parameters, specifically attenuation and the backscattered power loss (BSPL), appear to be two important parameters. Sources of potential variability such as the angle of the beam interrogating the cervix, the region within the cervix, the number of previous births, and the state of ripening, have not been systematically examined, but could contribute to bias and variance in parameter estimates. Results presented here show that attenuation was affected by angle of interrogation, region in the cervix, parity, and ripened state. BSPL in the nonpregnant cervix was affected only by cervical region.
First Operation of a Free-Electron Laser (1977)

A free-electron laser oscillator has been operated above threshold at a wavelength of 3.4 μm.Received 17 February 1977DOI:https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.38.892©1977 American Physical Society
Logic Obfuscation Through Enhanced Threshold Voltage Defined Logic Family (2020)

Reverse engineering reveals the physical structure as well as the functionality of an intellectual property (IP) and integrated circuit (IC). This opens the door for IP/IC piracy, counterfeiting, and malicious attacks such as Trojan insertions. Camouflaged logic gates that have the same schematic architecture with identical layout is used to operate for different types of Boolean functions to prevent the de-layering of the chip. An enhanced threshold voltage (E-TVD) defined logic family is proposed in this brief that prevents the internal functionality from being revealed. Compared to previous TVD logic family, the total number of transistors and the cascaded transistors from supply to ground is reduced to enhance the overall performance. A 65nm process is used to compare the conventional TVD logic family and the proposed E-TVD logic family. Post layout simulation results show that the proposed E-TVD logic family for a 3-input logic gate is 34% area efficient, 45% faster, and consumes 40% less power compared to conventional TVD design.
Trajectory analysis for field free line magnetic particle imaging (2019)

For a large FOV coverage, the Uniform Spiral trajectory offers a good compromise between image quality and imaging time, taking safety and hardware limitations into account. The Radial trajectory, especially using l<sub>1</sub> -norm and TV priors in the reconstruction, may be favorable in case the SF induced electric field is higher than that of the FF at the same frequency (e.g., relatively small FOV coverage). In general, ADMM reconstruction resulted in higher contrast and resolution compared to ART, leading to lighter requirements on the density of the trajectory.
Cross-Sensor Iris Recognition through Kernel Learning (2013)

Due to the increasing popularity of iris biometrics, new sensors are being developed for acquiring iris images and existing ones are being continuously upgraded. Re-enrolling users every time a new sensor is deployed is expensive and time-consuming, especially in applications with a large number of enrolled users. However, recent studies show that cross-sensor matching, where the test samples are verified using data enrolled with a different sensor, often lead to reduced performance. In this paper, we propose a machine learning technique to mitigate the cross-sensor performance degradation by adapting the iris samples from one sensor to another. We first present a novel optimization framework for learning transformations on iris biometrics. We then utilize this framework for sensor adaptation, by reducing the distance between samples of the same class, and increasing it between samples of different classes, irrespective of the sensors acquiring them. Extensive evaluations on iris data from multiple sensors demonstrate that the proposed method leads to improvement in cross-sensor recognition accuracy. Furthermore, since the proposed technique requires minimal changes to the iris recognition pipeline, it can easily be incorporated into existing iris recognition systems.
A new input-voltage feedforward harmonic-injection technique with nonlinear gain control for single-switch, three-phase, DCM boost rectifiers (2000)

A new input-voltage feedforward harmonic-injection technique for a single-switch, three-phase, discontinuous-conduction-mode boost rectifier is introduced. With this technique, rectification with a low total harmonic distortion that meets the IEC555-2 requirements can be achieved. In addition, the rectifier shows an excellent transient performance which dramatically reduces the rectifier's output voltage overshoots during line-voltage step-up transients. Moreover, by the addition of a nonlinear gain-control circuit, the DC gain of the DCM boost rectifier at light load is adaptively reduced so that the stability of the rectifier at light load is achieved. The performance of the proposed injection technique was verified on a 6 kW prototype rectifier.
In-Band DGD Monitoring Based on Polarization Controlled Stimulated Brillouin Scattering (2013)

In this letter, we present a new all-optical method for the measurement of the wavelength-resolved state-of-polarization vector across the bandwidth of multiple in-service channels. Taking advantage of the narrow spectral selectivity of stimulated Brillouin scattering and its dependence with the relative polarization alignment between the pump and the stimulus, polarization selective spectral measurements are performed on the signal under test. Obtaining the spectra for three pairs of orthogonal polarization states of the pump, the three Stokes parameters are retrieved for each spectral component. Differential group delay is then calculated from the spectral evolution of the polarization state.
Monitoring database objects (1989)

A method of monitoring objects in an interactive object-­
oriented database system. Any of a plurality of client programs 
can request monitoring of attributes of objects in the database. 
A record is kept of update transactions initiated by a client. 
When the client commits the changes, any client which has 
requested monitoring is notified of any change in the value of 
an attribute being monitored at the request of that client. The 
notification interrupts the client and invokes a predesignated 
client procedure. Overhead is minimized by creating partial view 
materialization paths and defining monitors ahead of time and by 
localizing the monitoring.
47.3: Performance Enhancement of Reflective CMOS TN Displays in Projection Applications Using Compensating Films (1999)

Abstract Reflective twisted nematic μLCDs used in projection applications show a significant reduction in contrast as the F‐number of the system is reduced. A method is provided to optimize contrast of a reflective twisted nematic display. In a reflective off‐axis projection system where the polarizers and analyzers are separated, contrast of>500:1 are plausible.
Torque Ripple Reduction of Reluctance Motor with Slit Rotor (1997)

Torque ripple reduction methods of synchronous reluctance motors are studied in this paper. The first method is to distribute magnetic circuits generated by a slit rotor at pitches of (π+1/2•slit pitch, π-1/2•slit pitch) . The second one is to distribute them at pitches of (π+2/3•slit pitch, π-1/3•slit pitch). The third one is the vernier construction which is used in induction motors. And the forth one is the skew construction . These methods are analyzed by the finite element method. They are also studied experimentally. As the results, these methods are shown to be very effective to reduce torque ripples.
Resource optimization in fog enabled IoT deployments (2017)

Internet of Things (IoT) devices are typically deployed in resource (energy, computational capacity) constrained environments. Connecting such devices to the cloud is not practical due to variable network behavior as well as high latency overheads. Fog computing refers to a scalable, distributed computing architecture which moves computational tasks closer to Edge devices or smart gateways. As an example of mobile IoT scenarios, in robotic deployments, computationally intensive tasks such as run time mapping may be performed on peer robots or smart gateways. Most of these computational tasks involve running optimization algorithms inside compute nodes at run time and taking rapid decisions based on results. In this paper, we incorporate optimization libraries within the Robot Operating System (ROS) deployed on robotic sensor-actuators. Using the ROS based simulation environment Gazebo, we demonstrate case-study scenarios for runtime optimization. The use of optimized distributed computations are shown to provide significant improvement in latency and battery saving for large computational loads. The possibility to perform run time optimization opens up a wide range of use-cases in mobile IoT deployments.
Fabrication and characterization of dense ceramic membranes for partial oxidation of methane (1995)

In this technology, air is used as the oxidant for methane conversion reactions, thiu eliminating tne need for an expensive oxygen plant. Mixed-conducting ceramic materials have been produced from mixed-oxide system of the La-Sr-Fe-Co-O (SFC) type, in the form of tubes and bars. Thermodynamic stability of the tubes was studied vs oxygen partial pressure by high-temperature XRD. Mechanical properties of the SFC-2 (SrFeCo{sub 0.5}O{sub x}) material were adequate for reactor use. Electronic and ionic conductivities showed that SFC-2 is unique in that its ratio of ionic to electronic conductance is close to unity. Performance of the membrane tubes was good only with SFC-2. Fracture of other SFC tubes was consequence of an oxygen gradient that introduced a volumetric lattice difference between the inner and outer walls. SFC-2 tubes provided methane conversion efficiencies >99% in a reactor and have operated successfully for >1000 h.
Anaerobic gut fungi: Advances in isolation, culture, and cellulolytic enzyme discovery for biofuel production (2014)

Anaerobic gut fungi are an early branching family of fungi that are commonly found in the digestive tract of ruminants and monogastric herbivores. It is becoming increasingly clear that they are the primary colonizers of ingested plant biomass, and that they significantly contribute to the decomposition of plant biomass into fermentable sugars. As such, anaerobic fungi harbor a rich reservoir of undiscovered cellulolytic enzymes and enzyme complexes that can potentially transform the conversion of lignocellulose into bioenergy products. Despite their unique evolutionary history and cellulolytic activity, few species have been isolated and studied in great detail. As a result, their life cycle, cellular physiology, genetics, and cellulolytic metabolism remain poorly understood compared to aerobic fungi. To help address this limitation, this review briefly summarizes the current body of knowledge pertaining to anaerobic fungal biology, and describes progress made in the isolation, cultivation, molecular characterization, and long-term preservation of these microbes. We also discuss recent cellulase- and cellulosome-discovery efforts from gut fungi, and how these interesting, non-model microbes could be further adapted for biotechnology applications.
Simulation-based evaluation of the resolution and quantitative accuracy of temperature-modulated fluorescence tomography (2015)

Conventional fluorescence tomography (FT) can recover the distribution of fluorescent agents within a highly scattering medium. However, poor spatial resolution remains its foremost limitation. Previously, we introduced a new fluorescence imaging technique termed "temperature-modulated fluorescence tomography" (TM-FT), which provides high-resolution images of fluorophore distribution. TM-FT is a multimodality technique that combines fluorescence imaging with focused ultrasound to locate thermo-sensitive fluorescence probes using a priori spatial information to drastically improve the resolution of conventional FT. In this paper, we present an extensive simulation study to evaluate the performance of the TM-FT technique on complex phantoms with multiple fluorescent targets of various sizes located at different depths. In addition, the performance of the TM-FT is tested in the presence of background fluorescence. The results obtained using our new method are systematically compared with those obtained with the conventional FT. Overall, TM-FT provides higher resolution and superior quantitative accuracy, making it an ideal candidate for in vivo preclinical and clinical imaging. For example, a 4 mm diameter inclusion positioned in the middle of a synthetic slab geometry phantom (D:40 mm×W:100 mm) is recovered as an elongated object in the conventional FT (x=4.5 mm; y=10.4 mm), while TM-FT recovers it successfully in both directions (x=3.8 mm; y=4.6 mm). As a result, the quantitative accuracy of the TM-FT is superior because it recovers the concentration of the agent with a 22% error, which is in contrast with the 83% error of the conventional FT.
Inline PL Inspection and Advanced Offline Evaluation of Passivation Defects, Charge and Interfaces (2013)

Recently introduced techniques for whole wafer mapping and imaging create new possibilities for root cause analysis of emitter passivation defects. Inline compatible PL imaging identifies such defects as localized regions with increased emitter saturation current and reduced implied open circuit voltage. Advanced offline evaluation of defective areas can be then performed with multiparameter noncontact measurements capable to establish the role of surface recombination, the interface trap density, or the dielectric charge that controls the field-effect passivation. The relevant novel metrologies are discussed and are illustrated using examples of advanced silicon passivation by dielectric films and by a-Si heterojunction structures.
Investigation of a pulsed electrothermal thruster (1983)

Exhaust velocity and thrust measurements are performed on a pulsed electrothermal thruster using polyethylene and Teflon propellants. The results verify theoretical predictions of equilibrium flow in the nozzle, resulting in substantial recovery of the energy of dissociation and ionization. The thruster is tested in an unsteady mode (15 micro sec current pulse and 15 cm discharge length) and in a quasi-steady mode (48 micro sec current pulse and 5 cm discharge length). All tests are run at 2 kJ. The exhaust velocity of the propellant mass exiting during the current pulse is measured with two types of time of flight probes, and the impulse bit is measured on a thrust stand. It is inferred from both theory and experiment that an additional amount of mass is exhausted after the pulse. The measured thrust to power ratio for polyethylene is T/P = 0.10 NkW at 21 km/sec in the unsteady mode, and T/P = .053 N/kW at 27 km/sec in the quasi-steady mode, where the velocities are measured by the time-of-flight probes. For Teflon propellant, T/P = .20 N/kW at 15 km/sec (unsteady mode) and 0.090 N/kW at 20 km/sec (quasi-steady mode). The discharge pressure and temperature predicted by a computational model for polyethylene are consistent with the measured thrust and discharge resistance.
CapCam (2016)

We present CapCam, a novel technique that enables smartphones (and similar devices) to establish quick, ad-hoc connections with a host touchscreen device, simply by pressing a device to the screen's surface. Pairing data, used to bootstrap a conventional wireless connection, is transmitted optically to the phone's rear camera. This approach utilizes the near-ubiquitous rear camera on smart devices, making it applicable to a wide range of devices, both new and old. CapCam also tracks phones' physical positions on the host capacitive touchscreen without any instrumentation, enabling a wide range of targeted interactions. We quantify the communication performance of our pairing approach and demonstrate data transmission rates up to four times faster than prior camera-based techniques. To demonstrate the unique capability and utility of our system, we built a series of example applications, highlighting different interaction techniques CapCam enables.
Synthesis and Evaluation of<i>S</i>-Acyl-2-thioethyl Esters of Modified Nucleoside 5‘-Monophosphates as Inhibitors of Hepatitis C Virus RNA Replication (2005)

Several triphosphates of modified nucleosides (1-6) were identified as inhibitors (IC(50) = 0.08-3.8 microM) of hepatitis C virus RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp). Although the initial SAR developed by determining the ability of the triphosphates to inhibit the in vitro activity of the HCV RdRp identified several potent inhibitors, none of the corresponding nucleosides exhibited significant inhibitory potency in a cell-based replicon assay. To improve upon the activity, bis(tBu-S-acyl-2-thioethyl) nucleoside 5'-monophosphate esters (7-12) were synthesized, and these derivatives exhibited improved potency compared to the corresponding nucleosides in the cell-based assay. Analysis of the intracellular metabolism demonstrated that the S-acyl-2-thioethyl (SATE) prodrug is metabolized to the 5'-triphosphate 40- to 155-fold more efficiently compared to the corresponding nucleoside. The prodrug approach involving bis(tBuSATE)cytidine 5'-monophosphate ester significantly reduced the deamination of cytidine derivatives by cellular deaminases. Additionally, chromosomal aberration studies with the SATE prodrug in cells showed no statistically relevant increase in aberrations compared to the concurrent controls.
The antioxidant properties of ethoxyquin and of some of its oxidation products in fish oil and meal (1992)

Ethoxyquin is an effective antioxidant for both fish oil and fish meal but its antioxidant activity often follows an initial burst of pro‐oxidant activity. Some oxidation products of ethoxyquin are shown to be powerful antioxidants as determined from measurements by the Warburg manometric technique. Of the compounds examined, 2,6‐dihydro‐2,2,4‐trimethyl‐6‐quinone imine and ethoxyquin nitroxide showed marked antioxidant activity.
Identification of Human Bitter Taste Receptors (2003)

Increasing the content of chemoprotective compounds in plant food is a potent dietary option for the prevention of diseases and a challenge for the design of novel food. However, the consumer rejects food rich in these bitter tasting phytonutrients thereby promoting their removal during breeding and food processing. The development of bitter masking agents could circumvent this problem, but require a detailed understanding of the interaction of bitter compounds with their receptors on the human tongue, which, however, has not been achieved yet. We use gene cloning, cell based functional expression systems and human psychophysics to identify and characterize human bitter taste receptors. We demonstrate that hTAS2R16 and hTAS2R10 are receptors for various bitter glycosides and the alkaloid strychnine, respectively. Our data facilitate predictions about structural requirements conditional for receptor-agonist interactions and enable us to search for bitter blocking activities.
Error compensation for a three-dimensional shape measurement system (2003)

We present an error compensation method for a full-field 3-D shape measurement system based on a digital fringe projection and phase shifting technique. The error map of the system is first established by comparing the measured coordinates with the coordinates defined by a coordinates measuring machine (CMM) at preselected sample points within the measurement volume. An eight-point interpolation algorithm based on the Shepard's method is then used to compensate for the errors in the measured coordinates. Experimental results showed that the accuracy of the system was improved by more than 60% after error compensation.
Accuracy and stability improvements of integral equation models using the partial element equivalent circuit (PEEC) approach (1998)

The partial element equivalent circuit (PEEC) technique is a formulation which transforms an electric field integral equation (EFIE) into a full-wave equivalent circuit solution. In this paper, improvements are made to the PEEC model through the development of a refined method of computing both the partial inductances as well as the coefficients of potential. The method does not increase the number of unknowns. In addition, damping is added to the PEEC model in order to further reduce nonphysical resonances which may occur above the useful frequency range, The observations and solutions presented in this paper are especially important for time domain solvers. The effectiveness of the method is illustrated with several examples.
Combinatorial Testing of Supported Catalysts for the Heterogeneous Polymerization of Olefins (2000)

In a single experiment, several supported zirconocene catalysts for α-olefin polymerization can be evaluated by a combinatorial concept. Polyethylene particles produced by fluorescent dye tagged catalysts can be easily identified by their emission color, separated, and characterized (see fluorescence microscope image).
Differentiating Malicious DDoS Attack Traffic from Normal TCP Flows by Proactive Tests (2006)

To defend against distributed denial of service (DDoS) attacks, one critical issue is to effectively isolate the attack traffic from the normal ones. A novel DDoS defense scheme based on TCP is hereby contrived because TCP is the dominant traffic for both the normal and lethal flows in the Internet. Unlike most of the previous DDoS defense schemes that are passive in nature, the proposal uses proactive tests to identify and isolate the malicious traffic. Simulation results validate the effectiveness of our proposed scheme