gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Multi-Antenna Directional Backscatter Tags (2018)

A directional backscatter tag is proposed to enhance the range of backscattering communications. The tag uses multiple antennas acting as a reflectarray by configuring constant phase gradients depending on the direction of arrival (DoA) of the signal. The DoA is determined using RSSI measurements across different tag reflection configuration. As a proof of concept, a directional backscatter tag using a 3×3 antenna array is implemented. It provides a 19dB sensitivity enhancement resulting in an up to 3× increase in range compared to backscatter communications with a single antenna tag.
Spherical Bistable Micromechanism (2006)

A new micromechanism, the Spherical Bistable Micromechanism (SBM), is described. The SBM has several advantageous features, which include: two stable positions that require power only in transitioning from one to the other; robustness against small disturbances; and an output link with a stable out-of-plane orientation. The SBM may be useful in applications such as 2-D optical mirror arrays or in erecting out-of-plane structures.
Compact Silicon Strip Waveguide Cantilever Couplers for Low-Loss and Broadband Fiber-to-Chip Coupling (2012)

We demonstrate low-loss fiber-to-chip coupling using 7.3 μm long silicon strip waveguide cantilever couplers. Average coupling losses are measured to be less than 0.62 dB per connection throughout the optical telecommunications C band.
Technique to eliminate polarization sensitivity in fiber-optic transducers (1993)

Many forms of fiber-optic sensing systems exhibit a strong dependence on the state of polarization (SOP) in the system. The consequences of this ate manifested in changes in the responsivity of the sensor or the signal to noise. This signal fading effect is observed in interferometric sensors1 and where polarization-dependent transducers are used with conventional low birefringence fiber. Recently, a scheme for eliminating fading in interferometric sensors based on the use of orthoconjugate reflectors2,3 in a Michelson configuration has been described.4 Here we describe a technique that also utilizes a similar orthoconjugate principle to address polarization-sensitive fiber transducers or modulators over conventional fiber links.
Electrically controlled photonic crystal nanocavity sources and modulators (2013)

We report recent advances in electrically controlled photonic crystal nanocavity light sources and modulators, including an electrically pumped laser with 181nA threshold, an ultrafast single-mode LED with sub-fJ/bit operation energy, and modulator with 0.2 fJ/bit modulation energy. Additionally, we model the electrical and thermal performance of the lateral p-i-n geometry utilized in these devices, determining design criteria for efficient electrical injection and finding minimal self-heating.
3D Forward and Back-Projection for X-Ray CT Using Separable Footprints (2010)

Iterative methods for 3D image reconstruction have the potential to improve image quality over conventional filtered back projection (FBP) in X-ray computed tomography (CT). However, the computation burden of 3D cone-beam forward and back-projectors is one of the greatest challenges facing practical adoption of iterative methods for X-ray CT. Moreover, projector accuracy is also important for iterative methods. This paper describes two new separable footprint (SF) projector methods that approximate the voxel footprint functions as 2D separable functions. Because of the separability of these footprint functions, calculating their integrals over a detector cell is greatly simplified and can be implemented efficiently. The SF-TR projector uses trapezoid functions in the transaxial direction and rectangular functions in the axial direction, whereas the SF-TT projector uses trapezoid functions in both directions. Simulations and experiments showed that both SF projector methods are more accurate than the distance-driven (DD) projector, which is a current state-of-the-art method in the field. The SF-TT projector is more accurate than the SF-TR projector for rays associated with large cone angles. The SF-TR projector has similar computation speed with the DD projector and the SF-TT projector is about two times slower.
Platinum Coated Copper Nanowires and Platinum Nanotubes as Oxygen Reduction Electrocatalysts (2013)

Platinum (Pt) coated copper (Cu) nanowires (Pt/CuNWs) are synthesized by the partial galvanic displacement of Cu nanowires (CuNWs) with a Pt loading of 18 wt %. Pt/CuNWs have an outer diameter of 100 nm, a length of 25–40 μm, and a theoretical Pt layer thickness of 2 nm. Cu templated Pt nanotubes (PtNTs (Cu)) with a wall thickness of 11 nm, an outer diameter of 100 nm, and a length of 5–20 μm are synthesized by the complete galvanic displacement of CuNWs. CuNWs are synthesized by the hydrazine reduction of Cu nitrate in sodium hydroxide. Oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) and durability experiments are conducted on Pt/CuNWs, PtNTs (Cu), silver templated PtNTs (Ag), and carbon supported Pt nanoparticles (Pt/C) to evaluate catalyst activity for use as proton exchange membrane fuel cell cathodes. The ORR area activities of Pt/CuNWs and PtNTs (Cu) are 1.501 and 1.506 mA cmPt–2, respectively. Pt/CuNWs produce a dollar activity of 9.8 A $–1 (dollar activity calculated from the DOE mass activity target for 2017–2020 of 0.44 A mgPGM–1). Durability testing of each catalyst shows improved retention of surface area and ORR activity in comparison to Pt/C.
Discovery of a Bulky 2-<i>tert</i>-Butyl Group Containing Primaquine Analogue That Exhibits Potent Blood-Schizontocidal Antimalarial Activities and Complete Elimination of Methemoglobin Toxicity (2003)

To eliminate an unwarranted metabolic pathway of the quinoline ring, a set of two compounds, where C-2 position of the antimalarial drug primaquine is blocked by metabolically stable bulky alkyl group are synthesized. Compound 2 [R = C(CH(3))(3)] of the series has produced excellent antimalarial efficacy against P. berghei and highly virulent multidrug-resistant P. yoelii nigeriensis strain in vivo. Compound 2 was also evaluated for methemoglobin (MetHb) toxicity. This study describes the discovery of a highly potent blood-schizontocidal antimalarial analogue 2, completely devoid of MetHb toxicity.
Evaluation method of TiO/sub 2/-SiO/sub 2/ ultra-low-expansion glasses with periodic striae using the LFB ultrasonic material characterization system (2006)

Experimental procedures and standard specimens for characterizing and evaluating TiO2-SiO2 ultra-low expansion glasses with periodic striae using the line-focus-beam (LFB) ultrasonic material characterization system are discussed. Two types of specimens were prepared, with specimen surfaces parallel and perpendicular to the striae plane using two different grades of glass ingots. The inhomogeneities of each of the specimens were evaluated at 225 MHz. It was clarified that parallel specimens are useful for accurately measuring velocity variations of leaky surface acoustic waves (LSAWs) excited on a water-loaded specimen surface associated with the striae. Perpendicular specimens are useful for obtaining periodicities in the striae for LSAW propagation perpendicular to the striae plane on a surface and for precisely measuring averaged velocities for LSAW propagation parallel to the striae plane. The standard velocity of Rayleigh-type LSAWs traveling parallel to the striae plane for the perpendicular specimens was numerically calculated using the measured velocities of longitudinal and shear waves and density. Consequently, a reliable standard specimen with an LSAW velocity of 3308.18 +/- 0.35 m/s at 23 degrees C and its temperature coefficient of 0.39 (m/s)/degrees C was obtained for a TiO2-SiO2 glass with a TiO2 concentration of 7.09 wt%. A basis for the striae analysis using this ultrasonic method was established.
Directed Spatial Organization of Zinc Oxide Nanorods (2004)

The ability to precisely place nanomaterials at predetermined locations is necessary for realizing applications using these new materials. Using an organic template, we demonstrate directed growth of zinc oxide (ZnO) nanorods on silver films from aqueous solution. Spatial organization of ZnO nanorods in prescribed arbitrary patterns was achieved, with unprecedented control in selectivity, crystal orientation, and nucleation density. Surprisingly, we found that caboxylate endgroups of omega-alkanethiol molecules strongly inhibit ZnO nucleation. The mechanism for this observed selectivity is discussed.
LuI/sub 3/:Ce-a new scintillator for gamma ray spectroscopy (2004)

In this paper, we report on a new cerium doped, high atomic number scintillator, LuI/sub 3/:Ce, for gamma ray spectroscopy. Crystals of this material have been grown using Bridgman process. LuI/sub 3/ crystals doped with 0.5 and 5% Ce/sup 3+/ show high light output (/spl sim/50 000 photons/MeV) and fast principal decay constant (23 to 31 ns). The Ce/sup 3+/ emission peaks at 474 nm. Energy resolution of LuI/sub 3/:Ce coupled to photomultiplier tube (PMT) and measured at 662 keV was /spl sim/11% [full-width at half-maximum (FWHM)]. Timing resolution of LuI/sub 3/-PMT and BaF/sub 2/-PMT detectors operating in coincidence mode was measured to be 210 ps (FWHM). Potential applications of this scintillator are discussed.
Z-Selective Olefin Metathesis Processes Catalyzed by a Molybdenum Hexaisopropylterphenoxide Monopyrrolide Complex (2009)

The molybdenum-based monoaryloxide monopyrrolide (MAP) species, Mo(NAd)(CHCMe[subscript 2]Ph)(C[subscript 4]H[subscript 4]N)(HIPTO) (2a), which contains “small” imido (Ad = 1-adamantyl) and “large” aryloxide (HIPTO = O-2,6(2,4,6-i-Pr[subscript 3]C[subscript 6]H[subscript 2])C[subscript 6]H[subscript 3]) ligands, catalyzes Z-selective metathesis reactions as a consequence of intermediate metallacyclobutane species not being able to have an (anti) substituent pointing toward the HIPTO group. Ring-opening metathesis polymerization (ROMP) of dicarbomethoxynorbornadiene (DCMNBD) with 2% 2a in toluene leads to >99% cis and >99% syndiotactic poly(DCMNBD), while ROMP of cyclooctene and 1,5-cyclooctadiene (300 equiv) with initiator 2a leads to poly(cyclooctene) and poly(cyclooctadiene) that have cis contents of >99%; all are previously unknown microstructures. Z-Selectivity is also observed in the metathesis of cis-4-octene and cis-3-hexene by initiator 2a to give cis-3-heptene.
Acute neuroprotective synergy of erythropoietin and insulin-like growth factor I (2004)

Erythropoietin (EPO) and insulin-like growth factor I (IGF-I) are cytokines that inhibit neuronal apoptosis. However, their maximal antiapoptotic effect, even at high concentrations, is observed only when neurons are pretreated for several hours before insult. Here we show that simultaneous administration of EPO and IGF-I (EPO+IGF-I) eliminates the preincubation period required to prevent N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA)-induced apoptosis in cultured rat cerebrocortical neurons. The synergistic effect of EPO+IGF-I was mediated, at least in part, by activation of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3-K). EPO+IGF-I synergistically activated Akt (protein kinase B), a downstream target of PI3-K, and prevented dephosphorylation of Akt. Overexpression of a dominant interfering form of Akt (dnAkt) abrogated EPO+IGF-I-mediated neuroprotection. EPO+IGF-I treatment did not prevent initial NMDA-induced caspase-3 activation, which was observed within 6 h of insult; however, EPO+IGF-I-treated neurons survived at least 2 days after NMDA insult. These cytokines prevented neuronal apoptosis downstream of caspase activation by facilitating association between X-linked inhibitor of apoptosis protein, an inhibitor of caspase proteolytic activity, and activated caspase-3. These results imply that EPO+IGF-I exert cooperative actions that afford acute neuroprotection via activation of the PI3-K-Akt pathway.
ChemInform Abstract: Structure‐Activity Relationships in the 2‐Arylcarbapenem Series: Synthesis of 1‐Methyl‐2‐arylcarbapenems. (1987)

Abstract Treatment of the S‐pyridyl thioesters (I) with the Grignard reagents (II) gives the aryl ketones (III) which produce the protected carbapenems (IV) on thermolysis.
Optimization of adiponectin‐derived peptides for inhibition of cancer cell growth and signaling (2015)

Adiponectin, an adipose tissue-excreted adipokine plays protective roles in metabolic and cardiovascular diseases and exerts anti-cancer activities, partially by interfering with leptin-induced signaling. Previously we identified the active site in the adiponectin protein, and generated both a nanomolar monomeric agonist of the adiponectin receptor (10-mer ADP355) and an antagonist (8-mer ADP400) to modulate various adiponectin receptor-mediated cellular functions. As physiologically circulating adiponectin forms multimeric complexes, we also generated an agonist dimer with improved biodistribution and in vitro efficacy. In the current report, we attempted to optimize the monomeric agonist structure. Neither extension of the peptide up to 14-mer analogs nor reinstallation of native residues in permissible positions enhanced significantly the activity profile. The only substitutions that resulted in 5-10-fold improved agonistic activity were the replacement of turn-forming Gly4 and Tyr7 residues with Pro and Hyp, respectively, yielding the more active native β-sheet structure. All peptides retained good stability in human serum exhibiting half-lives >2 h. The cellular efficacy and stability rankings among the peptides followed expected structure-activity relationship trends. To investigate whether simultaneous activation of adiponectin pathways and inhibition of leptin-induced signals can result in cytostatic and anti-oncogenic signal transduction processes, we developed a chimera of the leptin receptor antagonist peptide Allo-aca (placed to the N-terminus) and ADP355 (at the C-terminus). The in vitro anti-tumor activity and intracellular signaling of the chimera were dominated by the more active Allo-aca component. The ADP355 part, however, reversed unfavorable in vivo metabolic effects of the leptin receptor antagonist.
Plasma dispersion effect based super-resolved imaging in silicon (2019)

In this paper we present a new method for shaping of a pulsed IR (λ=1550 nm) laser beam in silicon. The shaping is based on plasma dispersion effect (PDE). The shaping is done by a second pulsed pump laser beam at 532 nm which simultaneously and collinearly illuminates the silicon’s surface with the IR beam. Following the PDE, and in proportion to its spatial intensity distribution, the 532 nm laser beam shapes the point spread function (PSF) by controlling the lateral transmission of the IR probe beam. The use of this probe in laser scanning microscope allows imaging and wide range of contactless electrical measurements in silicon integrated circuits (IC) being under operation e.g. for failure analysis purposes. We propose this shaping method to overcome the diffraction resolution limit in silicon microscopy on and deep under the silicon surface depending on the wavelength of the pump laser and its temporal pulse width. This approach is similar to the stimulated emission depletion (STED) concept previously introduced in scanning fluorescence microscopy.
Transgene Expression in Malignant Glioma Using a Replication-Defective Adenoviral Vector Containing the <i>Egr-1</i> Promoter: Activation by Ionizing Radiation or Uptake of Radioactive Iododeoxyuridine (1998)

One approach to improving the specificity of gene therapy involves using radiosensitive promoters to activate gene expression selectively in the radiation field. In this study, we evaluated the ability of irradiation to regulate the transcription of a recombinant replication-defective adenovirus vector, Ad.Egr-1/lacZ, containing the radiation-inducible Egr-1 promoter driving the beta-galactosidase reporter gene in glioma cells. Transcripts of the Egr-1 gene in human and rat glioma cells were induced following irradiation with as little as 2 Gy. This dose was 10-fold less than previously reported, and comparable to doses of irradiation used clinically in standard fractionated radiotherapy for brain tumors. When 9L rat gliosarcoma cells were infected with Ad.Egr-1/lacZ in vitro and exposed to 2 Gy of external beam irradiation, there was a threefold increase in beta-galactosidase expression. Irradiation of intracerebral 9L tumors infected with the Ad.Egr-1/lacZ virus, using either external beam radiotherapy (2 Gy) or the thymidine analog 5-iodo-2'-deoxyuridine radiolabeled with the Auger electron emitter iodine-125 ([125I]IdUrd), also resulted in increased beta-galactosidase activity of the tumor cells. These results indicate that the use of viral vectors containing radiation-inducible promoters represents a novel therapeutic approach that enables gene therapy to be spatially and temporally regulated by ionizing radiation. These findings also support a potential role for radiation-inducible promoters in the treatment of malignant brain tumors.
Predicting caudal epidural analgesia using nerve stimulation (2001)

I read with great interest recent correspondence (Singh & Khan.Anaesthesia 2000;55: 830–1) wherein they describe use of a peripheral nerve stimulator for predicting caudal epidural analgesia and conclude that ‘the peripheral nerve stimulator, where available, may be used for judging correct placement of local anaesthetic in the caudal space’. While I thank the authors for quoting my paper, which describes the successful use of nerve stimulators to locate the correct placement of the epidural catheter, I think it is worth drawing attention to the fact that I have conducted a similar study, using peripheral nerve stimulator to confirm the proper caudal needle placement, in 1997 and published the result in 1999 [1]. Nevertheless, I am pleased to learn that similar findings and conclusions were made independently by Drs Singh and Khan. In clinical practice, spinal cord stimulation technique for the treatment of chronic pain and electrical stimulation methods for localizing peripheral nerves have been used for decades. However, electrical stimulation has never been described to identify entry into the epidural space until my recent clinical trials [2–7]. A positive motor response to low current electrical stimulation (1–10 mA) confirms proper epidural location. A negative motor response suggests placement outside the epidural space. Based on our previous study in identifying the caudal space [1], the sensitivity and specificity of the nerve stimulation technique were both 100%. These findings were better than those of Drs Singh and Khan's. The likely reason was that we used an insulated needle to conduct electricity effectively to the tip of the needle. When using a peripheral nerve stimulator to localise a nerve, it is generally agreed that insulated needles are more precise. In Drs Singh and Khan's study, two patients (13.3%) reported only positive sensory sensations with no motor response despite reaching 20 mA current stimulation, even though both developed adequate analgesia after injection of local anaesthetic. This may have been due to the use of an uninsulated needle leading to diffuse leaking of electricity. Thus, I recommend using an insulated needle when performing the nerve stimulation technique.
How Anti-Juvenile Hormones Work (1981)

How Anti-Juvenile Hormones Work Get access William S. Bowers William S. Bowers Department of Entomology, New York State Agricultural Experiment Station, Cornell University, Geneva, NY 14456 Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar BioScience, Volume 31, Issue 6, June 1981, Page 453, https://doi.org/10.2307/1308434 Published: 01 June 1981
Brief Announcement (2016)

In a secret sharing scheme a dealer shares a secret s among n parties such that an adversary corrupting up to t parties does not learn s, while any t+1 parties can efficiently recover s. Over a long period of time all parties may be corrupted thus violating the threshold, which is accounted for in Proactive Secret Sharing (PSS). PSS schemes periodically rerandomize (refresh) the shares of the secret and invalidate old ones. PSS retains confidentiality even when all parties are corrupted over the lifetime of the secret, but no more than t during a certain window of time, called the refresh period. Existing PSS schemes only guarantee secrecy in the presence of an honest majority with less than n2 total corruptions during a refresh period; an adversary corrupting a single additional party, even if only passively, obtains the secret. This work is the first feasibility result demonstrating PSS tolerating a dishonest majority, it introduces the first PSS scheme secure against t<n passive adversaries without recovery of lost shares, it can also recover from honest faulty parties losing their shares, and when tolerating e faults the scheme tolerates t<n-e passive corruptions. A non-robust version of the scheme can tolerate t<n/2-e active adversaries, and mixed adversaries that control a combination of passively and actively corrupted parties that are a majority, but where less than n/2-e of such corruptions are active. We achieve these high thresholds with O(n4) communication when sharing a single secret, and O(n3) communication when sharing multiple secrets in batches.
A new derivative of valproic acid amide possesses a broad‐spectrum antiseizure profile and unique activity against status epilepticus and organophosphate neuronal damage (2011)

The results demonstrate that SPD is a broad-spectrum antiseizure compound that blocks SE induced by pilocarpine and soman and affords in vivo neuroprotection that is associated with cognitive sparing. Its activity against SE is superior to that of diazepam in terms of rapid onset, potency, and its effect on animal mortality and functional improvement.
Effect of MgO particles on microstructural development and superconducting properties of Bi-2223 phase (1995)

The effect of an inert second phase on microstructural development and superconducting properties has been studied in order to improve the J/sub c/ value under magnetic field. 100 /spl Aring/ MgO particles were homogeneously mixed with the Bi-2223 phase using planetary ball milling and ultrasonification. The reaction sequence has been traced using X-ray diffraction technique and microstructural development has been studied using SEM and EPMA. Homogeneous distribution MgO grains in Bi-2223 phase led to the increase in J/sub c/ under magnetic field possibly due to the introduction of flux pinning sites.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Ghost cancellation of analog TV signals: with applications to IDTV, EDTV, and HDTV (1991)

Techniques that can cancel ghosts in received analog TV (for improved-definition TV, extended-definition TV, and high-definition TV) signals are presented. The fact that there are short periods of time without the analog signal (the horizontal flyback interval between the lines) is utilized to periodically cleanse a finite impulse response (FIR) or an infinite impulse response (IIR) equalizer. This line-by-line processing (cleansing) overcomes the limitation of standard equalizers to allow for 40-50 dB of suppression of ghosts, even with nulls in the spectrum, as long as the ghost delay is less than the period of time without the analog signal. Furthermore, by using time inversion in combination with line-by-line processing, the stability problem of the conventional IIR equalizer can be eliminated. It is shown that it may be possible to implement this IIR equalizer on a single digital integrated circuit. Alternatively, an FIR equalizer can be used; although it requires multiple chips (i.e. more taps), it can acquire and adapt to the ghosted channel more rapidly than an IIR equalizer.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>