gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Coupling into photonic crystal slab waveguides (2003)

An adiabatic taper method is presented for coupling light into photonic crystal defect waveguides in a square lattice of circular dielectric rods. The taper consists of two coupling stages.
Back-Side Readout Silicon Photomultiplier (2012)

We present a novel structure for the back-side readout silicon photomultipler (SiPM). Current SiPMs are front-illuminated structures with front-side readout, which have relatively small geometric fill factor leading to degradation in their photon detection efficiency (PDE). Back-side readout devices will provide an advantageous solution to achieve high PDE. We designed and investigated a novel structure that would allow back-side readout while creating a region of high electric field optimized for avalanche breakdown. In addition, this structure has relatively high fill factor and also allow direct coupling of individual micro-cell of the SiPM to application-specific integrated circuits. We will discuss the performance that can be attained with this structure through device simulation and the process flow that can be used to fabricate this structure through process simulation.
Hybridization chain reaction enables a unified approach to multiplexed, quantitative, high-resolution immunohistochemistry and <i>in situ</i> hybridization (2021)

RNA in situ hybridization based on the mechanism of the hybridization chain reaction (HCR) enables multiplexed, quantitative, high-resolution RNA imaging in highly autofluorescent samples, including whole-mount vertebrate embryos, thick brain slices and formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded tissue sections. Here, we extend the benefits of one-step, multiplexed, quantitative, isothermal, enzyme-free HCR signal amplification to immunohistochemistry, enabling accurate and precise protein relative quantitation with subcellular resolution in an anatomical context. Moreover, we provide a unified framework for simultaneous quantitative protein and RNA imaging with one-step HCR signal amplification performed for all target proteins and RNAs simultaneously.
Quantitative evaluation of bronchial enhancement: preliminary observations (2010)

It has been known for several years that airflow limitations in the small airways may be an important contributor to Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD). Quantification of wall thickness has lately gained attention thanks to the use of high resolution CT, with novel approaches focusing on automated methods that can substitute for visual assessment [1, 2]. While increased thickening of the wall is considered evidence of inflammatory disease, we hypothesize that there may be additional ways to detect and quantify inflammation, specifically the uptake of contrast material. In this preliminary investigation, we selected patients with documented chronic airway inflammation, and for whom pre and post contrast datasets were available. On targeted reconstruction of right upper and lower lobes, we selected airways with no connections to surrounding structures, and used a modified Full-Width-Half-Max method for quantification of lumen diameter, wall thickness, and wall density. Matching airway locations on the pre- and postcontrast cases were compared. Airways from patients without airway disease served as a control. Results for the airway disease cases showed an average enhancement of 72 HU within the airway walls, with a standard deviation of 59 HU. In the control group the average enhancement was 16 HU with standard deviation of 22 HU. While this study is limited in number of cases, we hypothesize that quantification of contrast uptake is an additional factor to consider in assessing airway inflammation. At the same time we are currently investigating whether enhancement can be measured via a "contrast" map created with dual energy scanning, where a 3-value decomposition algorithm differentiates iodine from other materials. This technique would eliminate both the need for a pre-contrast scan, and the task of matching airway locations on pre- and post- scans.
Internally Controlled, Multiplex Real-Time Reverse Transcription PCR for Dengue Virus and Yellow Fever Virus Detection (2018)

The differential diagnosis of dengue virus (DENV) and yellow fever virus (YFV) infections in endemic areas is complicated by nonspecific early clinical manifestations. In this study, we describe an internally controlled, multiplex real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (rRT-PCR) for the detection of DENV and YFV. The DENV-YFV assay demonstrated specific detection and had a dynamic range of 2.0-8.0 log<sub>10</sub> copies/μL of eluate for each DENV serotype and YFV. Clinical performance was similar to a published pan-DENV assay: 48/48 acute-phase samples from dengue cases were detected in both assays. For YFV detection, mock samples were prepared with nine geographically diverse YFV isolates over a range of concentrations. The DENV-YFV assay detected 62/65 replicates, whereas 54/65 were detected using a reference YFV rRT-PCR. Given the reemergence of DENV and YFV in areas around the world, the DENV-YFV assay should be a useful tool to narrow the differential diagnosis and provide early case detection.
Derivation of Statistical Sea-surface Information from Dual-sensor Towed Streamer Data (2015)

Summary Multi-component towed streamer data allow for separation of the up-going and down-going wavefields and, thus, sea-surface independent removal of the receiver side ghost. To achieve deghosting of conventional (pressure-only) data, assumptions about the sea-surface state have to be made in order to describe the deghosting operator. Typically, a flat free sea-surface with a reflection coefficient of −1 is assumed. Since wavefield separation from multi-component seismic towed streamer recordings can be performed independently of the sea-surface state, the latter can be inferred from the data. In this paper, we show a method to derive statistical information about the sea-surface state from separated wavefields. We will extract the statistical ghost operator from the data and derive parameter values fitting a sea-surface model. The extracted statistical ghost operator will be compared to actual ghost operators found in the data.
Novel dansyl-appended calix[4]arene frameworks: fluorescence properties and mercury sensing (2008)

Covalently-attached fluorophores may impart enhanced chemosensing capabilities to calixarene frameworks. Synthesis and characterization of six novel dansyl-appended calix[4]arenes, namely, H/Dan4, NO2/Dan4, H/(OH)2Dan2, H/(Ester)2(Dan)2, t-Bu/(OH)2Dan2, and t-Bu/(Ester)2Dan2, containing two or four dansyl moieties are reported. Among these, fluorescence intensity of NO2/Dan4 is observed to decrease significantly in the presence Hg2+ in the solution. Based on the decrease in fluorescence, a limit of detection for Hg2+ of 20 ppb is obtained. NO2/Dan4 as a chemosensing agent for Hg2+ shows excellent selectivity and adequate reversibility. Complexation of NO2/Dan4 with Hg2+ is investigated using fluorescence spectroscopy and is observed to be 2:1. The formation constant of (NO2/Dan4)2Hg2+ is estimated to be 5.2(+/- 0.8) x 10(10) M(-2) at ambient conditions. These observations are traced to the fact that while all other dansyl-appended calix[4]arenes show cone conformation in the solution, NO2/Dan4 is in the 1,3-alternate conformation. Stokes shift versus solvent orientational polarizability for NO2/Dan4 also indicates the difference in the ground- to excited-state dipole moment of this compound to be the maximum among all six, rendering it most sensitive to its environment. Fluorescence emission of NO2/Dan4 in nonpolar chloroform, polar-aprotic acetonitrile, and polar-protic ethanol is observed to be different than that of the rest of the dansyl-appended compounds as well.
Simultaneous measurement of lateral and normal forces with an optical-beam-deflection atomic force microscope (1990)

An atomic force microscope capable of measuring, simultaneously yet separately, lateral (‘‘frictional’’) and normal forces is described. A direction-dependent feature, absent in topological images, is found when scanning stepped surfaces of NaCl (001) in ultrahigh vacuum. A simple model is presented to account for this observation.
Photothermal nanoblades for delivery of large-sized cargo into mammalian cells at high throughput (2016)

Technologies for transferring large-sized cargo into mammalian cells are needed to advance key applications in cell engineering. However, reliable methodologies for introducing large-sized cargo into mammalian cells are nearly completely lacking. This talk will present two new technologies, photothermal nanoblade and BLAST, that overcome the size limitation of cargo delivery into mammalian cells.
TATB—Strong basic reactions provide soluble derivatives for a simple, qualitative high explosive spot test (1985)

Abstract Reactions of TATB in aqueous, strongly basic solutions gave metal salts of 1,3,5-trihydroxy-2,4,6-trinitrobenzene (THTNB) also called trinitrophloroglucinol. Thus, we prepared potassium, sodium, and barium salts. The mono- and diammonium salts were prepared by treating THTNB with ammonia and ammonium hydroxide, respectively. Some explosive properties of the salts were evaluated. From the physical characteristics of the salts in various solvents, a spot test was developed for known high explosives (HE) containing TATB.
RETRACTED ARTICLE: Prophylactic treatment with transdermal deferoxamine mitigates radiation-induced skin fibrosis (2020)

Radiation therapy can result in pathological fibrosis of healthy soft tissue. The iron chelator deferoxamine (DFO) has been shown to improve skin vascularization when injected into radiated tissue prior to fat grafting. Here, we evaluated whether topical DFO administration using a transdermal drug delivery system prior to and immediately following irradiation (IR) can mitigate the chronic effects of radiation damage to the skin. CD-1 nude immunodeficient mice were split into four experimental groups: (1) IR alone (IR only), (2) DFO treatment for two weeks after recovery from IR (DFO post-IR), (3) DFO prophylaxis with treatment through and post-IR (DFO ppx), or (4) no irradiation or DFO (No IR). Immediately following IR, reactive oxygen species and apoptotic markers were significantly decreased and laser doppler analysis revealed significantly improved skin perfusion in mice receiving prophylactic DFO. Six weeks following IR, mice in the DFO post-IR and DFO ppx groups had improved skin perfusion and increased vascularization. DFO-treated groups also had evidence of reduced dermal thickness and collagen fiber network organization akin to non-irradiated skin. Thus, transdermal delivery of DFO improves tissue perfusion and mitigates chronic radiation-induced skin fibrosis, highlighting a potential role for DFO in the treatment of oncological patients.
An Optical Cell Synchronizer for Packet Switched Nodes (1995)

Future high bit rate optical packet switched networks will be based on single or multiwavelength technology for transport, while the switching nodes, working in the optical domain, will operate on a cell basis, in a synchronous way. This will allow a fair resolution of contentions, through the use of optical buffers, and proper routing to the destination by means of space switching.
Low Dielectric Polyimide Aerogels As Substrates for Lightweight Patch Antennas (2012)

The dielectric properties and loss tangents of low-density polyimide aerogels have been characterized at various frequencies. Relative dielectric constants as low as 1.16 were measured for polyimide aerogels made from 2,2'-dimethylbenzidine (DMBZ) and biphenyl 3,3',4,4'-tetracarbozylic dianhydride (BPDA) cross-linked with 1,3,5-triaminophenoxybenzene (TAB). This formulation was used as the substrate to fabricate and test prototype microstrip patch antennas and benchmark against state of practice commercial antenna substrates. The polyimide aerogel antennas exhibited broader bandwidth, higher gain, and lower mass than the antennas made using commercial substrates. These are very encouraging results, which support the potential advantages of the polyimide aerogel-based antennas for aerospace applications.
Tracking people with integrated stereo, color, and face detection. (1998)

We present an approach to robust, real-time person tracking in crowded and/or unknown environments using multimodal integration. We combine stereo, color, and face detection modules into a single robust system, and show an initial application for an interactive display where the user sees his face distorted into various comic poses in real-time. Stereo processing is used to isolate the figure of a user from other objects and people in the background. Skin-hue classification identifies and tracks likely body parts within the foreground region, and face pattern detection discriminates and localizes the face within the tracked body parts. We discuss the failure modes of these individual components, and report results with the complete system in trials with thousands of users.
Polyvinyl alcohol battery separator containing inert filler (1981)

A cross-linked polyvinyl alcohol battery separator is disclosed. A particulate filler, inert to alkaline electrolyte of an alkaline battery, is incorporated in the separator in an amount of 1-20% by weight, based on the weight of the polyvinyl alcohol, and is dispersed throughout the product. Incorporation of the filler enhances performance and increases cycle life of alkaline batteries when compared with batteries containing a similar separator not containing filler. Suitable fillers include titanates, silicates, zirconates, aluminates, wood floor, lignin, and titania. Particle size is not greater than about 50 microns.
Technical note: porcine non-surgical embryo transfer. (1996)

The cervix is a barrier for transferring porcine embryos non-surgically. A non-surgical embryo transfer instrument composed of four parts has been developed that allows the delivery of embryos into the lumen of one uterine horn. Part 1, a modified artificial insemination spirette, is used to produce a cervical lock and to assist in manipulating Part 2 through the cervix. Part 2 is made of stainless steel tubing with a unique curved tip that can be manipulated through the folds of the cervix. Part 3 is a testing bar to ensure that the tip of Part 2 reaches the bifurcation of the uterus. Part 4, a disposable tubing complex for embryo delivery, is composed of a soft plastic leader tubing, a double opened connector for embryo loading and unloading, a semi-hard plastic tubing, and a hard tubing with a water-sealable plunger. Embryos (4-cell to blastocyst stages) were surgically collected and maintained in vitro up to 5 h before the non-surgical embryo transfer. Five of 16 recipients became pregnant (31%) and farrowed an average of 6.2 +/- 3.1 pigs per litter. This easily learned non-surgical embryo transfer technique will simplify embryo transfer in the swine industry and may lead to improvements in swine breeding and scientific research.
A Rapid Isolation of the Unknown 5′-Flanking Sequence of Human CENP-B cDNA with Polymerase Chain Reactions (1991)

We rapidly and efficiently isolated the 5′-region of cDNA encoding the N-terminal region of human centromere antigen B (CENP-B) including an ATG methionine codon by polymerase chain reactions (PCR). The unknown 5′-flanking sequence of the cDNA was amplified using an adaptor-sequence ligated to the 5′ end as a universal primer sequence. To locate the target fragments, we did an additional PCR with another set of two internal primers using samples of the size-fractionated products as templates, rather than using the conventional hybridization procedure. This approach can further be applied to the analysis of other unknown flanking sequences of cDNA or genomic DNA.
<scp>MRI</scp> ‐safe robot for targeted transrectal prostate biopsy: animal experiments (2013)

Results from this preclinical pilot animal study suggest that MRI-targeted transrectal biopsies are feasible to perform and this procedure may be safely assisted by an MRI-safe robotic device.
Plasmonic nanocavity arrays for enhanced efficiency in organic photovoltaic cells (2008)

Photovoltaic cells suffer an efficiency trade-off: thicker cells absorb more light, but the photo-generated excitons may recombine before dissociation, limiting the photo-current. With subwavelength confinement of the incident light, plasmonic nanocavities can overcome this limitation.
Sparse Vector Coding for 5G Ultra-Reliable and Low Latency Communications (2018)

Ultra reliable and low latency communication (URLLC) is a newly introduced service category in 5G to support delay-sensitive applications. In order to support this new service category, 3rd Generation Partnership Project (3GPP) sets an aggressive requirement that a packet should be delivered with 10^-5 block error rate within 1 ms transmission period. Since the current wireless standard designed to maximize the coding gain by transmitting capacity achieving long code-block is not relevant for this purpose, entirely new transmission strategy is required. In this paper, we propose a new approach to transmit short packet information, called sparse vector coding (SVC). Key idea behind the proposed method is to transmit the control channel information after the sparse vector transformation. By mapping the transmit information into the position of nonzero elements and then transmitting it after the random spreading, we obtain underdetermined sparse system for which the principle of compressed sensing can be applied. From the numerical evaluations on realistic channel setting and decoder performance analysis, we demonstrate that the proposed SVC technique is very effective in URLLC transmission and outperforms the 4G LTE and LTE-Advanced physical downlink control channel (PDCCH) scheme.
Measuring atmospheric turbulence along folded paths using a laser-illuminated differential image motion monitor (2022)

A laser-illuminated differential image motion monitor (DIMM) is presented that is able to measure the atmospheric coherence length <i>r</i> <sub>0</sub> along horizontal ground paths. This is accomplished by implementing a mono-static setup in which the transmitter and receiver are co-located and transmit to a retroreflective target. The impact of propagating along a folded path through the same volume of turbulent atmosphere is investigated in detail and the overall impact to angle-of-arrival measurements described. In addition, an outdoor test campaign was conducted to validate the findings by testing two commercial scintillometers and the laser DIMM side by side in both bi-static and mono-static configurations. Both analytical and experimental results show that under certain conditions, folded-path propagation can be treated identically to traditional single-path propagation.
A novel distortion-quantization model and its application in low bitrate video communications (2003)

With the development of ISO-MPEG-4 and ITU-T H.26L video coding standards, and a growing interest in low computational complexity video solutions for mobile devices, there is a need for simple yet accurate statistical representations to model the rate-distortion characteristics of video data. In this paper we propose a new rate-distortion model, specifically, a new distortion-quantization model. Although more generally applicable, the model proposed in this paper is especially useful for low bitrate coding. We discuss the plausibility of the model using analytical means. We then examine coded video data from several sequences to evaluate the accuracy of the proposed model. The chi-squared test and the coefficient of determination are used for this purpose. Finally, we show the use of the model in real-time rate control for a very-low-bitrate video communication application.
Analysis of handoff interference along arbitrary trajectories in cellular networks (2004)

We introduce an important system performance measure related to handoff called handoff interference, which characterizes the additional interference noise induced by the handoff process. The handoff interference experienced by a mobile unit is determined by the parameters of the handoff algorithm and is critical for accurate evaluation of the wireless system capacity in the context of multiple cell and user scenarios. We develop an efficient numerical procedure to compute the handoff interference along arbitrary trajectories in a cellular network. We present numerical results showing the tradeoff between the handoff interference and the number of handoffs along a given trajectory, which should be taken into account in dimensioning the handoff parameters to optimize system performance.
Functionality and structure of the service broker in advanced service architectures (2005)

This paper discusses the service broker, a function introduced into next-generation networks to manage interactions among applications, to reuse existing applications in a combined fashion, and/or to enable existing applications with capabilities such as presence, location, and policy. With the service broker, a minimal set of applications can be configured in a multiplicity of ways as its elements are brought into play in mix and match arrangements. For the degree of flexibility needed for the service broker to support unique service combinations, the service broker must be programmable. Various functional subcomponents enable these service broker capabilities. These subcomponents include service descriptors, the mechanisms to identify the logic that governs how the applications interact; user and endpoint data managers, the entities that present user-specific and endpoint-specific information; and session contexts, the transient entities that contain the context associated with an instance of call/session or multi-call/session. The session context includes state information and provides multi-session awareness that allows both simultaneous and sequential state-dependent sequential activity to be managed. This paper introduces a lightweight, programmable, Session Initiation Protocol (SlP)-centric service broker architecture and the concept of the “steplet,” which is central to this architecture.
Towards cooperative content downloading for resource-constrained mobile devices (2016)

Mobile devices often operate in resource constrained environments with intermittent connectivity, bandwidth, battery power, etc. On these devices, existing cooperative content sharing protocols and models (e.g. Peer to Peer and client-server) present major drawbacks. Presently, a user has to maintain the connection between the peers when downloading content. For instance, when a large multimedia file is to be downloaded and the user has limited resources the corresponding content acquisition is constrained. This can easily lead to poor user experience. In this paper, we present the design of a resource-aware cooperative content downloading system for low-cost mobile devices. We propose a novel combination of computed resource level, reliability index, and segment determination to cooperatively download, aggregate and distribute downloaded chunks. The ability to improve resource utilization for low-end devices while cooperatively scheduling to download content is also discussed. Finally, we end this paper by reporting experimental results illustrating the merits of the system.