gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Estimation of Formation Stresses Using Radial Variation of Three Shear Moduli—A Case Study From a High-Pressure and High-Temperature Reservoir in a Norwegian Continental Shelf (2007)

Abstract Formation stresses and rock strength together with wellbore and pore pressures are important inputs to failure models whose predictions help in well planning, wellbore stability and production. A complete characterization of formation stresses requires estimation of the overburden, maximum and minimum horizontal stresses together with pore pressure as a function of depth. The overburden stress is reliably estimated by integrating with depth the formation bulk density, and pore pressure is directly measured in a permeable reservoir interval. The maximum and minimum horizontal stresses can be estimated from borehole sonic data in the presence of crossing dipole dispersions. A new stress magnitude estimation algorithm inverts radial variation of the three shear moduli together with the overburden stress and pore pressure at a given depth for the maximum and minimum horizontal stress magnitudes and formation nonlinear constants referred to a local reference state. The algorithm uses equations relating differences in the dipole shear moduli at two radial positions and corresponding differences in the principal stresses obtained from near-wellbore stress concentrations using the Kirsch's equations. Radial positions in the plastically yielded region close to the borehole surface are excluded from the inversion algorithm. Processing of sonic data yields crossing dipole dispersions in three sand intervals in a development well drilled in a high pressure (770 bars) gas condensate field operated by Statoil in the Norwegian continental shelf. Results for both the maximum and minimum horizontal stress magnitudes are consistent in the three sand intervals in the Bent reservoir of the Kvitebjorn field. Estimated minimum horizontal stress magnitude is in good agreement with the mini-frac test conducted at a nearby depth. The maximum horizontal stress direction coincides with the fast-shear azimuth obtained from the Alford rotation of cross-dipole waveforms. Horizontal stress magnitude results have helped in refining the mechanical earth model and in subsequent drilling of development wells in this field.
Magnetic field correlation imaging (2006)

A magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) method is presented for estimating the magnetic field correlation (MFC) associated with magnetic field inhomogeneities (MFIs) within biological tissues. The method utilizes asymmetric spin echoes and is based on a detailed theory for the effect of MFIs on nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) signal decay. The validity of the method is supported with results from phantom experiments at 1.5 and 3 T, and human brain images obtained at 3 T are shown to demonstrate the method's feasibility. The preliminary results suggest that MFC imaging may be useful for the quantitative assessment of iron within the brain.
MobilePose: Real-Time Pose Estimation for Unseen Objects with Weak Shape Supervision (2020)

In this paper, we address the problem of detecting unseen objects from RGB images and estimating their poses in 3D. We propose two mobile friendly networks: MobilePose-Base and MobilePose-Shape. The former is used when there is only pose supervision, and the latter is for the case when shape supervision is available, even a weak one. We revisit shape features used in previous methods, including segmentation and coordinate map. We explain when and why pixel-level shape supervision can improve pose estimation. Consequently, we add shape prediction as an intermediate layer in the MobilePose-Shape, and let the network learn pose from shape. Our models are trained on mixed real and synthetic data, with weak and noisy shape supervision. They are ultra lightweight that can run in real-time on modern mobile devices (e.g. 36 FPS on Galaxy S20). Comparing with previous single-shot solutions, our method has higher accuracy, while using a significantly smaller model (2~3% in model size or number of parameters).
An overview of dual polarized isolated antennas (2016)

This paper reviews some of the topologies of dual-polarized highly isolated antennas for various applications. Two critical features of these antennas, port-to-port isolation and cross-to-co polarization level, are examined and compared.
Efficient Unconditionally Secure Digital Signatures (2004)

SUMMARY Digital signatures whose security does not rely on any unproven computational assumption have recently received considerable attention. While these unconditionally secure digital signatures provide a foundation for long term integrity and non-repudiation of data, currently known schemes generally require a far greater amount of memory space for the storage of secret and public keys than a traditional digital signature. The focus of this paper is on methods for reducing memory requirements of unconditionally secure digital signatures. A major contribution of this paper is to propose two novel unconditionally secure digital signature schemes, one called a symmetric construction and other an asymmetric construction, which require a significantly smaller amount of memory. As a specific example, with a typical parameter setting the required memory size for a user is reduced to be approximately 1 10 of that in a previously known scheme. Another contribution of the paper is to show an attack on a multireceiver authentication code which was proposed by Safavi-Naini and Wang. A simple method to fix the problem of the multireceiver authentication code is also proposed.
FOPAC: Flexible On-Chip Power and Clock (2019)

A novel flexible on-chip power and clock (FOPAC) generation and distribution circuit is proposed to enable fast dynamic voltage and frequency scaling (DVFS). FOPAC utilizes resonant rotary clocks (ReRoCs) along with multi-phase voltage regulators (MPVR) for the clock and power generation and distribution. The locally distributed ReRoCs provide the required clock phases to the MPVR, and the MPVR provides the required voltage levels to the ReRoC, providing spatial and temporal flexibility for fast DVFS. The ReRoC and MPVR share the on-chip fly capacitor of the switched capacitor voltage regulators to achieve greater frequency scaling at run-time while reducing the overhead. The FOPAC architecture is evaluated on industrial designs demonstrating a <; 2 ns DVFS switching time.
Ultrasound beam steering of oxygen nanobubbles for enhanced bladder cancer therapy (2018)

New intravesical treatment approaches for bladder cancer are needed as currently approved treatments show several side effects and high tumor recurrence rate. Our study used MB49 murine urothelial carcinoma model to evaluate oxygen encapsulated cellulosic nanobubbles as a novel agent for imaging and ultrasound guided drug delivery. In this study, we show that oxygen nanobubbles (ONB) can be propelled (up to 40 mm/s) and precisely guided in vivo to the tumor by an ultrasound beam. Nanobubble velocity can be controlled by altering the power of the ultrasound Doppler beam, while nanobubble direction can be adjusted to different desired angles by altering the angle of the beam. Precise ultrasound beam steering of oxygen nanobubbles was shown to enhance the efficacy of mitomycin-C, resulting in significantly lower tumor progression rates while using a 50% lower concentration of chemotherapeutic drug. Further, dark field imaging was utilized to visualize and quantify the ONB ex vivo. ONBs were found to localize up to 500 µm inside the tumor using beam steering. These results demonstrate the potential of an oxygen nanobubble drug encapsulated system to become a promising strategy for targeted drug delivery because of its multimodal (imaging and oxygen delivery) and multifunctional (targeting and hypoxia programming) properties.
Neuromorphic system with phase-change synapses for pattern learning and feature extraction (2017)

Neuromorphic systems provide biologically inspired methods of computing, alternative to the classical von Neumann approach. In these systems, computation is performed by a network of spiking neurons controlled by the values of their synaptic weights, which are updated in the process of learning. Providing efficient synaptic learning rules, such as spike-timing-dependent plasticity (STDP), is a challenging task. These rules need to primarily use local information, but simultaneously develop a knowledge representation that is useful in the global context. From the implementation viewpoint, they also need to be suited for particular hardware technology. In this work, we propose a system with spiking neurons and synapses realized using phase-change devices. We design in a bottom-up manner an architecture for pattern learning and feature extraction. Experimental results from a prototype hardware platform demonstrate the capabilities of the proposed neuromorphic system.
A multi-agent approach to support dynamic scheduling decisions (2003)

This work concerns the use of multi-agent system models as a paradigm to support dynamic scheduling decisions. A dynamic class of scheduling problems has been considered, and a just-in-time manufacturing production has been assumed. In particular, the problem of scheduling independent jobs on identical parallel machines, to optimise a non-regular objective, including both job earliness and tardiness penalties, has been faced. Different classes of agents compose the multi-agent scheduling system, and a schedule is progressively defined by a negotiation protocol among the agents associated with the jobs and the machines.
Video Stream Mining for On-Road Traffic Density Analytics (2011)

Traffic congestion problem is rising day-by-day due to increasing number of small to heavy weight vehicles on the road, poorly designed infrastructure, and ineffective control systems. This chapter addresses the problem of estimating computer vision based traffic density using video stream mining. We present an efficient approach for traffic density estimation using texture analysis along with Support Vector Machine (SVM) classifier, and describe analyzing traffic density for on-road traffic congestion control with better flow management. This approach facilitates integrated environment for users to derive traffic status by mining the available video streams from multiple cameras. It also facilitates processing video frames received from video cameras installed in traffic posts and classifies the frames according to traffic content at any particular instance. Time series information available from various input streams is combined with traffic video classification results to discover traffic trends.
Single-frequency narrow-linewidth 2μm fiber laser using Tm-doped silicate glass fiber (2010)

Single-frequency laser operation near 2μm has been demonstrated in an all-fiber DBR cavity using both cladding- and core-pump configurations in newly developed heavily Tm-doped silicate fiber with laser linewidth as narrow as 3 kHz.
Torque Phase Shift Control Based on Clutch Torque Estimation (2013)

An automatic transmission shift method is presented, in which the torque transfer phase is controlled in closed loop. This is made possible by real-time estimation of the torque transmitted by the off-going and on-coming clutches participating in the shift. Each clutch torque is determined based on measured or estimated input and output shaft torques and accelerations. To illustrate an application of the method, traditional friction elements are used to emulate one-way-clutch function during a power-on upshift.
Manifold coordinate representations of hyperspectral imagery: Improvements in algorithm performance and computational efficiency (2010)

Several years ago, NRL first demonstrated a computationally efficient framework for optimizing a set of intrinsic manifold coordinates for high-dimensional data such as hyperspectral imagery (HIS). Since that time, NRL has continued to improve the fidelity of the representation to describe the details of the nonlinear structure in even greater detail. In addition, working closely with CelesTech, several improvements have been made that increase the computational efficiency, accelerating processing speeds from hours to minutes.
Tracking the Magnetron Motion in FT-ICR Mass Spectrometry (2015)

In Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance spectrometry (FT-ICR MS) the ion magnetron motion is not usually directly measured, yet its contribution to the performance of the FT-ICR cell is important. Its presence is manifested primarily by the appearance of even-numbered harmonics in the spectra. In this work, the relationship between the ion magnetron motion in the ICR cell and the intensities of the second harmonic signal and its sideband peak in the FT-ICR spectrum is studied. Ion motion simulations show that during a cyclotron motion excitation of ions which are offset to the cell axis, a position-dependent radial drift of the cyclotron center takes place. This radial drift can be directed outwards if the ion is initially offset towards one of the detection electrodes, or it can be directed inwards if the ion is initially offset towards one of the excitation electrodes. Consequently, a magnetron orbit diameter can increase or decrease during a resonant cyclotron excitation. A method has been developed to study this behavior of the magnetron motion by acquiring a series of FT-ICR spectra using varied post-capture delay (PCD) time intervals. PCD is the delay time after the capture of the ions in the cell before the cyclotron excitation of the ion is started. Plotting the relative intensity of the second harmonic sideband peak versus the PCD in each mass spectrum leads to an oscillating "PCD curve". The position and height of minima and maxima of this curve can be used to interpret the size and the position of the magnetron orbit. Ion motion simulations show that an off-axis magnetron orbit generates even-numbered harmonic peaks with sidebands at a distance of one magnetron frequency and multiples of it. This magnetron offset is due to a radial offset of the electric field axis versus the geometric cell axis. In this work, we also show how this offset of the radial electric field center can be corrected by applying appropriate DC correction voltages to the mantle electrodes of the ICR cell while observing the signals of the second harmonic peak group. The field correction leads to a definite performance increase in terms of resolving power and mass accuracy, and the mass spectrum contains intensity-minimized even-numbered harmonics. This is very important in the case of high performance cells, particularly the dynamically harmonized cell, since the magnetron motion can severely impair the averaging effect for dynamic harmonization and can therefore reduce the resolving power.
Piezoelectric Properties of Lead-Free (Na,Bi)TiO<sub>3</sub>–BaTiO<sub>3</sub>(001) Epitaxial Thin Films around the Morphotropic Phase Boundary (2010)

The piezoelectric properties and the crystallographic nature of (1-x)(Na,Bi)TiO3–xBaTiO3 (NBT–BT) thin films around the morphotropic phase boundary (MPB) composition (x=0.05–0.10) were studied. NBT–BT thin films were grown epitaxially on Pt(100)/MgO(100) substrates by RF magnetron sputtering and exhibited highly (001)-oriented single-phase perovskite with a tetragonal structure. A maximum piezoelectric coefficient e31 of -14.4 C/m2 was obtained at the x = 0.07 composition of the tetragonal side near MPB (x = 0.06). These results indicate that NBT–BT thin films around the MPB are a promising lead-free replacement for Pb(Zr,Ti)O3 (PZT) based applications.
Watermark embedding in optimal color direction (2013)

To watermark spot color packaging images one modulates available spot color inks to create a watermark signal. By perturbing different combinations of inks one can change the color direction of the watermark signal. In this paper we describe how to calculate the optimal color direction that embeds the maximum signal while keeping the visibility below some specified acceptable value. The optimal color direction depends on the starting color for the image region, the ink density constraints and the definition of the watermark signal. After a description of the general problem of N spot color inks we shall describe two-ink embedding methods and try to find the optimal direction that will maximize robustness at a given visibility. The optimal color direction is usually in a chrominance direction and the resulting ink perturbations change the luminosity very little. We compare the optimal color embedder to a single-color embedder.
A semi-active tuned liquid column damper for lateral vibration control of high-rise structures: Theory and experimental verification (2018)

This paper presents a new type of semi-active tuned liquid column damper (S-TLCD) for the lateral vibration control of high-rise civil engineering structures. Analogous to the passive tuned liquid column damper (TLCD), the S-TLCD comprises a U-shaped tank consisting of two vertical columns, which are arranged at a distance from each other and communicating through a horizontal passage. The tank is partially filled with a Newtonian fluid until the liquid reaches a certain level in the columns. In contrast to the passive TLCD, the S-TLCD provides also mechanisms for a continuous adaptation of both its natural frequency and damping behaviour in real time. In the first part of the paper, the governing equations of the S-TLCD are derived on the basis of the Bernoulli equation of a nonstationary incompressible liquid flow. The natural frequency of the S-TLCD is revealed to depend on the scaled length of the liquid. The scaling amount of the liquid length is formulated in dependence of the cross-sectional area ratios of the tank segments. The mathematical description of the S-TLCD is concluded by providing the state-space representation of a multi-degree-of-freedom structure with several S-TLCDs. In the second part of the paper, the derived natural frequency equation is verified, and the proof of concept of the S-TLCD is shown by experimental investigations, which are performed on an S-TLCD model utilizing a test structure and shaking table tests.
Electrically tunable liquid crystal lens with suppressed axial chromatic aberration (2017)

We demonstrate an electrically tunable dual-switching liquid crystal lens with suppressed axial chromatic aberration. A liquid crystal (LC) switch twisted vertical alignment (TVA) mode is utilized in the lens. By using a chiral nematic LC with a proper cell thickness-to-helical pitch ratio (d/p) and a thick cell gap, the lens provides a low director rotation rate, and the focal length dispersion at different wavelengths is reduced. The image quality of the LC lenses with different d/p ratios is investigated. The axial chromatic aberration can be reduced up to 30% when the d/p ratio is 0.5 ± 0.05. Comparing with a traditional liquid crystal lens without a twisted-nematic structure (i.e., d/p = 0), the contrast ratio of the image obtained from a lens with a twist structure (d/p = 0.5 ± 0.05) increases by 15%. The static voltage response from a LC cell shows that the suppressed chromatic aberration results from the suppressed wavelength dispersion of phase retardation-voltage relation of the TVA mode.
Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay for Shiga Toxin and Shiga-like Toxin II Using P1 Glycoprotein from Hydatid Cysts (1990)

Shiga toxin from Shigella dysenteriae type 1 strains and Shiga-like toxins (SLT) I and II from Escherichia coli bind to terminal alpha-D-Galp-(1----4)-D-Galp containing glycolipids. Hydatid cyst fluid isolated from sheep infected with Echinococcus granulosus contains a glycoprotein (P1gp) with a terminal alpha-D-Galp-(1----4)-D-Galp disaccharide. Preparations of P1gp were shown to interact directly with Shiga toxin and to inhibit the binding and cytotoxicity of Shiga toxin to HeLa cells. A sandwich ELISA was developed using preparations of P1gp as the toxin capture molecule, which, with an appropriate polyclonal antibody, was capable of detecting as little as 80 pg/well Shiga toxin and 132 pg/well SLT-II. Thus, the P1gp-toxin interaction forms the basis for a simple antigen-capture ELISA that may be useful clinically for the rapid detection and quantitation of Shiga and Shiga-like toxins.
Forest Smoke Detection Using CCD Camera and Spatial-temporal Variation of Smoke Visual Patterns (2011)

This paper proposes a new forest smoke detection method using spatial-temporal visual features extracted from camera images and a pattern classification technique. First, moving regions are detected by analyzing the frame difference between two consecutive key frames. Since smoke regions generally have a similar color, simple texture, and upward motion, the intensity, wavelet coefficients, and motion orientation are extracted as visual features. In addition, random forests are constructed using training data and then used for smoke verification process with four smoke classes. The proposed algorithm is successfully applied to various forest smoke videos and shows a better detection performance when compared with other methods.
Versatile alignment layer method for new types of liquid crystal photonic devices (2015)

Liquid crystal photonic devices are becoming increasingly popular. These devices often present a challenge when it comes to creating a robust alignment layer in pre-assembled cells. In this paper, we describe a method of infusing a dye into a microcavity to produce an effective photo-definable alignment layer. However, previous research on such alignment layers has shown that they have limited stability, particularly against subsequent light exposure. As such, we further describe a method of utilizing a pre-polymer, infused into the microcavity along with the liquid crystal, to provide photostability. We demonstrate that the polymer layer, formed under ultraviolet irradiation of liquid crystal cells, has been effectively localized to a thin region near the substrate surface and provides a significant improvement in the photostability of the liquid crystal alignment. This versatile alignment layer method, capable of being utilized in devices from the described microcavities to displays, offers significant promise for new photonics applications.
Communication architecture tuners (2000)

In this chapter, we present a general methodology for the design of custom system-on-chip communication architectures. Our technique is based on the addition of a layer of circuitry, called the Communication Architecture Tuner (CAT), around any existing communication architecture topology. The added layer enhances the ability of the system to adapt to changing communication needs of its constituent components. For example, more critical data may be handled differently, leading to lower communication latencies. The CAT monitors the internal state and communication transactions of each component, and “predicts” the relative importance of each communication transaction in terms of its potential impact on different system-level performance metrics. It then configures the protocol parameters of the underlying communication architecture (e.g., priorities, DMA modes,etc.) to best suit the system's changing communication needs.