gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Catechin-Vanilloid Synergies with Potential Clinical Applications in Cancer (2006)

A cancer-specific cell surface protein, tNOX, has been identified as a target for low-dose cell killing (apoptosis) of cancer cells by green tea catechins and Capsicum vanilloid combinations. This protein is uniquely associated with all forms of cancer and is absent from normal cells and tissues. Its activity is correlated with cancer growth. When blocked, cancer cells fail to enlarge after division and eventually die. Among the most potent and effective inhibitors of tNOX are naturally occurring polyphenols exemplified by the principal green tea catechin (-)-epigallocatechin gallate (EGCg) and the vanilloid capsaicin. Catechin-vanilloid combinations are 10 to 100 times more effective than either catechins or vanilloids alone. Vector-forced overexpression of tNOX cDNA and antisense has demonstrated that the tNOX target is both necessary and sufficient to explain the anticancer properties of green tea catechins alone and in vanilloid-containing combinations. The necessity and sufficiency of tNOX was validated as the catechin target with transgenic mice overexpressing the processed form of tNOX. Transgenic mice grew faster and the increased growth caused by tNOX overexpression was blocked by EGCg in the drinking water. A catechin-vanilloid mixture where one 350-mg capsule is equivalent to 16 cups of green tea in its ability to inhibit tNOX and growth of cancer cells in culture is undergoing clinical evaluation as a therapeutic aid for cancer patients.
A Phrase-Based, Joint Probability for Statistical Machine Translation (2002)

Abstract : We present a joint probability model for statistical machine translation, which automatically learns word and phrase equivalents from bilingual corpora. Translations produced with parameters estimated using the joint model are more accurate than translations produced using IBM Model 4.
Interferometric fiber-optic current sensor with inherent source wavelength shift compensation (2015)

Fiber-optic current sensors utilize the Faraday effect in fused silica fiber to measure electric current. Since the effect is wavelength dependent, high sensor accuracy requires a stable source wavelength. Commonly used semiconductor sources require temperature stabilization within ≈0.1°C for adequate wavelength stability that adds extra cost. Here, we theoretically and experimentally demonstrate a novel method for inherent (passive) compensation of source wavelength shifts in interferometric fiber-optic current sensors. The method is based on an appropriately detuned fiber-optic half-wave retarder that generates wavelength dependent cross-coupling between the two orthogonal polarization modes of the sensor which compensates the change of the Faraday effect with wavelength. It is shown that at a wavelength shift over 14 nm (near 1305 nm), which corresponds to a source temperature change of 24°C, the scale factor variation is reduced from 2% to <;0.2%.
A RFP System for Generating Response to a Request for Proposal (2019)

Responding to Request for Proposal (RFP) with comprehensive solutions is central to IT Services business. Typically, an RFP comprises a set of questions spanning across various domain areas. Current industry practices largely rely on Subject Matter Experts to analyze questions and search multiple information sources to come up with the best possible response for a question keeping in view the customer context. With expertise typically in short supply, it becomes increasingly difficult to manage growing RFP volumes. To address this problem we propose a generic solution meta-model and a system that can generate a draft response to an RFP to be augmented manually later. The generation step uses NLP, modelling and search techniques augmented with a knowledge base to generate knowledge search queries to retrieve suitable answers to a set of RFP questions and compose RFP response. In this paper, we share a RFP response generation approach, its implementation, results and lessons learnt from deployment with one of the business units having high volumes of proposal turnover. Initial results show that RFP system is effective in enabling response generation with ~76% mean query precision and 86% mean query recall.
Removing of Snoring Segments from Tracheal Breathing Sounds using a Wavelet-based Algorithm (2020)

Tracheal sounds represent information about the upper airway and respiratory airflow, however, they can be contaminated by the snoring sounds. The sound of snoring has spectral content in a wide range that overlaps with that of breathing sounds during sleep. For assessing respiratory airflow using tracheal breathing sound, it is essential to remove the effect of snoring. In this paper, an automatic and unsupervised wavelet-based snoring removal algorithm is presented. Simultaneously with full-night polysomnography, the tracheal sound signals of 9 subjects with different levels of airway obstruction were recorded by a microphone placed over the trachea during sleep. The segments of tracheal sounds that were contaminated by snoring were manually identified through listening to the recordings. The selected segments were automatically categorized based on including discrete or continuous snoring pattern. Segments with discrete snoring were analyzed by an iterative wave-based filtering optimized to separate large spectral components related to snoring from smaller ones corresponded to breathing. Those with continuous snoring were first segmented into shorter segments. Then, each short segments were similarly analyzed along with a segment of normal breathing extracted from the recordings during wakefulness. The algorithm was evaluated by visual inspection of the denoised sound energy and comparison of the spectral densities before and after removing snores, where the overall rate of detectability of snoring was less than 2%.Clinical Relevance- The algorithm provides a way of separating snoring pattern from the tracheal breathing sounds. Therefore, each of them can be analyzed separately to assess respiratory airflow and the pathophysiology of the upper airway during sleep.
Effects of Pressure on the Recovery of CO<sub>2</sub> by Phase Transition from a Seawater System by Means of Multilayer Gas Permeable Membranes (2009)

Using seawater doped with sodium bicarbonate and Celgard 2400 gas permeable membranes, bicarbonate ion disproportionates to carbon dioxide and carbonate when gaseous carbon dioxide is first removed from the seawater solution by diffusion through gas permeable membranes at elevated water pressures. The permeability of CO(2) by phase transition from bicarbonate solutions at pressures above 100 psi is only possible due to the use of multiple gas permeable membrane layers. The multiple layers minimize water permeability at pressures below and above the Young-Laplace bubble point of single membrane layers, however the gas permeability efficiency and rate are greatly decreased.
A Bandwidth-Efficient Secure Authentication Module for Smart Grid DNP3 Protocol (2020)

DNP3 is one of the oldest and widely used communication protocols for smart power grid, which has been upgraded to DNP3 Secure Authentication (SA) to address the increasing security needs of power grid applications. However, in practice, such upgrade was only deployed for critical operations due to its major overhead while non-critical operations are still not protected. Nevertheless, with the ongoing transformations in power grid, the underlying infrastructure is no longer isolated and needs to support a wide variety of applications. Consequently, this transformation requires applying DNP3-SA for all operations, whether they are critical or not. This requirement creates additional challenges since it will reduce network bandwidth availability by causing additional overhead on communication links especially if the underlying infrastructure is legacy. Therefore, in this paper, we propose a revision for DNP3-SA module to eliminate such overhead concerns on the bandwidth due to security operations. Specifically, we introduce a new authentication module that utilizes dynamic key-generation schemes to support mutual authentication for DNP3 in 0-Round Trip Time (RTT) and provides replay-attack prevention. The evaluation on a realistic low-bandwidth wireless LoRa testbed shows that the proposed extensions improve the security of DNP3-SA while significantly decreasing the message overhead of currently used authentication module. Thus, it is suitable for ongoing power grid transformation and supports evolving security needs.
Second-harmonic generation in doped YCOB (1998)

Summary form only given. Recently, SHG has been measured in two oxoborate crystals YCOB and GdCOB. We are extending the development of the oxoborate crystal for nonlinear frequency conversion by investigating the effects of dopant ions on the crystalline structure and, as a consequence, improving the optical nonlinearity. In addition, the use of specific dopants opens a path for these crystals to be used in self-frequency-doubled lasers. We have measured nonlinear harmonic generation in a wide range of oxoborate crystals that include YCOB [YCa/sub 4/(BO/sub 3/)/sub 3/O], Nd:YCOB, and Yb:YCOB.
Atmospheric Signals Associated with Major Earthquakes. A Multi-Sensor Approach (2011)

We are studying the possibility of a connection between atmospheric observation recorded by several ground and satellites as earthquakes precursors. Our main goal is to search for the existence and cause of physical phenomenon related to prior earthquake activity and to gain a better understanding of the physics of earthquake and earthquake cycles. The recent catastrophic earthquake in Japan in March 2011 has provided a renewed interest in the important question of the existence of precursory signals preceding strong earthquakes. We will demonstrate our approach based on integration and analysis of several atmospheric and environmental parameters that were found associated with earthquakes. These observations include: thermal infrared radiation, radon! ion activities; air temperature and humidity and a concentration of electrons in the ionosphere. We describe a possible physical link between atmospheric observations with earthquake precursors using the latest Lithosphere-Atmosphere-Ionosphere Coupling model, one of several paradigms used to explain our observations. Initial results for the period of2003-2009 are presented from our systematic hind-cast validation studies. We present our findings of multi-sensor atmospheric precursory signals for two major earthquakes in Japan, M6.7 Niigata-ken Chuetsu-oki of July16, 2007 and the latest M9.0 great Tohoku earthquakes of March 11,2011.
A Method of HbF Determination for Potential Use in Underdeveloped Countries (2012)

The objective of this study was to develop a simple, cost-effective method of HbF determination potentially useable in underdeveloped countries to determine sickle cell patient response to hydroxyurea treatment. Normal adult blood (HbA), cord blood (HbF), and a 50:50 mixture (HbA+F) were the three sample types used in procedure development. Normal blood samples were collected from the research team, and de-identified cord blood samples were provided by Cardinal Glennon Pediatric Research Institute, St. Louis, MO. The hematocrit of all blood samples was standardized to 35%. The method, based on the Kleihauer-Betke (K-B) test principle, used a citrate solution to selectively elute HbA from RBCs while HbF remained intracellular, and spectrophotometric absorbance of the eluate was the primary outcome measure. A procedure was developed and optimized utilizing a 395 nm wavelength, 30 sec centrifugation time, 6 min incubation time, 20 microL blood volume, and 0.07 M sodium citrate in a 0.06 M sodium phosphate buffer solution. Reproducibility was demonstrated (N = 39) with a mean HbA absorbance of 1.285 (SD 0.069), mean HbA+F absorbance of 0.690 (SD 0.050), and mean HbF absorbance of 0.035 (SD 0.005), also exhibiting linearity (r2 = 0.99). This simple, cost-effective method of HbF determination shows potential as a basis for determining sickle cell patient response to hydroxyurea treatment in underdeveloped countries.
MK0787 (N-formimidoyl thienamycin): evaluation of in vitro and in vivo activities (1980)

The practical application of thienamycin, a novel beta-lactam antibiotic with a broad activity spectrum, was compromised by problems of instability. MK0787, N-formimidoyl thienamycin, does not have this liability. As reported, bacterial species resistant to most beta-lactam antibiotics, such as Pseudomonas aeurginosa, Serratis, Enterobacter, Enterococcus, and Bacteroides spp., are uniformly susceptible to MK0787, usually at one-half the inhibitory level of thienamycin. Bactericidal activity usually occurs at the minimal inhibitory concentration endpoint. Activity was reduced only at the highest inoculum densities tested and by a lessor factor than was observed with reference beta-lactam antibiotic active against P. aeruginosa and beta-lactamase-bearing strains. MK0787 exhibits a broad spectrum of in vivo activity when evaluated parenterally for efficacy against systemic infections in mice. The order of potency in vivo, 0.03 to 0.06 mg/kg for gram-positive species and 0.65 to 3.8 mg/kg for gram-negative infections including Pseudomonas, exceeded that of thienamycin and was at least 10-fold superior to reference beta-lactam antibiotics including two recently developed agents with antipseudomonal activity, cefotaxime and LY127935.
Antenatal Screening for Down's Syndrome (1997)

Demonstration projects are valuable in determining the feasibility of screening and in refining the practical application of screening. They are of less value in determining the performance of different screening methods. Several demonstration projects have been conducted using the triple and double tests. In general, the uptake of screening was about 80%. The screen positive rates were about 5-6%. About 80% of women with positive screening results had an invasive diagnostic test, and of those found to have a pregnancy with Down's syndrome, about 90% chose to have a termination of pregnancy. ULTRASOUND MARKERS AT 15-22 WEEKS OF PREGNANCY: There are a number of ultrasound markers of Down's syndrome at 15-22 weeks, including nuchal fold thickness, cardiac abnormalities, duodenal atresia, femur length, humerus length, pyelectasis, and hyperechogenic bowel. (ABSTRA
Iridescence-controlled and flexibly tunable retroreflective structural color film for smart displays (2019)

Structural color materials, which use nano- or microstructures to reflect specific wavelengths of ambient white light, have drawn much attention owing to their wide applications ranging from optoelectronics, coatings, to energy-efficient reflective displays. Although various structural color materials based on specular or diffuse reflection have been demonstrated, neither efficient retroreflective structural colors nor iridescent and non-iridescent colors to different observers simultaneously were reported by existing artificial or natural structural color materials. Here, we show that by partially embedding a monolayer of polymer microspheres on the sticky side of a transparent tape, the spontaneously formed interferometric structure on the surface of air-cushioned microspheres can lead to unique structural colors that remain non-iridescent under coaxial illumination and viewing conditions, but appear iridescent under noncoaxial illumination and viewing conditions. Our findings demonstrate a smart, energy-efficient, and tunable retroreflective structural color material that is especially suitable for nighttime traffic safety and advertisement display applications.
Air quality monitoring using mobile microscopy and machine learning (2017)

Rapid, accurate and high-throughput sizing and quantification of particulate matter (PM) in air is crucial for monitoring and improving air quality. In fact, particles in air with a diameter of ≤2.5 μm have been classified as carcinogenic by the World Health Organization. Here we present a field-portable cost-effective platform for high-throughput quantification of particulate matter using computational lens-free microscopy and machine-learning. This platform, termed c-Air, is also integrated with a smartphone application for device control and display of results. This mobile device rapidly screens 6.5 L of air in 30 s and generates microscopic images of the aerosols in air. It provides statistics of the particle size and density distribution with a sizing accuracy of ~93%. We tested this mobile platform by measuring the air quality at different indoor and outdoor environments and measurement times, and compared our results to those of an Environmental Protection Agency-approved device based on beta-attenuation monitoring, which showed strong correlation to c-Air measurements. Furthermore, we used c-Air to map the air quality around Los Angeles International Airport (LAX) over 24 h to confirm that the impact of LAX on increased PM concentration was present even at >7 km away from the airport, especially along the direction of landing flights. With its machine-learning-based computational microscopy interface, c-Air can be adaptively tailored to detect specific particles in air, for example, various types of pollen and mold and provide a cost-effective mobile solution for highly accurate and distributed sensing of air quality.
Vulvovaginal candidiasis: An overview of mycological, clinical, and immunological aspects (2022)

As a globally distributed disease, VVC needs further attention, especially in areas related to the treatment failure and recurrence of the disease.
Session T3A: Tutorial: From frequency to time-average-frequency: A paradigm shift in the design of electronic systems (2015)

Clock technology is one of the four fundamental technologies in the field of IC design. It is the timekeeper and the driver of everything inside a silicon chip. Time-Average-Frequency Direct Period Synthesis is an emerging technology in the field of on-chip frequency synthesis (clock generation). It comprises a new concept, a rigorous mathematical theory, and a novel circuit architecture. Its aim is the two long-lasting problems in this field: arbitrary frequency generation and instantaneous frequency switching. The goal is to achieve these two features on-a-chip simultaneously and at a reasonable cost so that SoC chip architects have a powerful clock generator in their hands to create their innovations at higher levels. It is a component-level enabler for chip-system-architecture level innovations. On a large scale, since clock is omnipresent in electronic system, this technology introduces a paradigm shift in electronic system design. In this tutorial, the Time-Average-Frequency concept will be explained. The circuit architecture will be briefly reviewed. Its impact, the route from component-level enabler to system level innovations, will be illustrated through real application examples. The newly published book in May 2015: “From Frequency to Time-Average-Frequency: A Paradigm Shift in the Design of Electronic System (IEEE Press Series on Microelectronic Systems)” will be provided to each tutorial attendant.
Multi-User MIMO Scheduling in the Fourth Generation Cellular Uplink (2013)

We consider Multi-User MIMO (MU-MIMO) scheduling in the 3GPP LTE-Advanced (3GPP LTE-A) cellular uplink. The 3GPP LTE-A uplink allows for precoded multi-stream (precoded MIMO) transmission from each scheduled user and also allows flexible multi-user (MU) scheduling wherein multiple users can be assigned the same time-frequency resource. However, exploiting these features is made challenging by certain practical constraints that have been imposed in order to maintain a low signaling overhead. We show that while the scheduling problem in the 3GPP LTE-A cellular uplink is NP-hard, it can be formulated as the maximization of a submodular set function subject to one matroid and multiple knapsack constraints. We then propose constant-factor polynomial-time approximation algorithms and demonstrate their superior performance via simulations.
Synthesis of a Cyclodextrin Heterodimer Having α- and β-Cyclodextrin Units and Its Cooperative and Site-Specific Binding (1994)

Abstract A cyclodextrin heterodimer, which has α- and β-cyclodextrin units as two different receptor sites, was prepared. It showed cooperative and site-specific binding to isoamyl p-dimethylaminobenzoate with the alkyl group included in the β-cyclodextrin cavity while dimethylaminobenzene moiety partially included in the α-cyclodextrin cavity. This binding mode was substantiated by the fact that the TICT emission of this guest is greatly enhanced by the cyclodextrin heterodimer.
Beta-Cell Expansion in Vitro (2009)

Ex-vivo development of human insulin-producing cells is considered a promising approach for the generation of an abundant supply of cells for β-cell replacement therapy for diabetes, which is currently limited by the shortage of islet donors. The most obvious cell source for these approaches is the islets themselves. However, over the past two decades investigators have been frustrated by their failure to significantly expand functional β cells from cultured adult human islets. As a result, the research emphasis has turned to exploring the potential of embryonic and tissue stem cells to differentiate into β-like cells, as detailed in other chapters in this book. On the other hand, work in recent years has cautiously renewed hopes for the feasibility of ex-vivo expansion of adult human β cells.
Inhibition of intestinal proteases decreases cellular activation in SAO shock (2003)

Splanchnic arterial occlusion (SAG) shock is accompanied by upregulated levels of cellular activation. Pancreatic proteases as well as proteolytically derived substances may constitute primary activators, turning the small intestine into a production site for activators. The pathophysiological role of intestinal proteases in rat's SAO shock was investigated. Duodenum and terminal ileum were cannulated with polyethylene tubings, and the intestine was flushed with saline. Using a peristaltic pump, the intestine was continuously circulated by 50 ml of saline with/without 10 mg of protease inhibitor, Nafamostat mesilate (FUT-175). SAO shock was induced by clamping the superior mesenteric and celiac arteries for 100 min, followed by reperfusion. Rats in FUT-175 perfused group had significantly lower production of activator, measured by pseudopod formation on naive donor leukocytes exposed to portal venous plasma film shocked animals (0.01). Inhibition of intestinal proteases could keep the mean arterial pressure 89% of baseline in average. These results indicate intestinal proteases play an important role in the production of the primary activators for circulating leukocytes and endothelial cells in SAO shock.
Transponder Pool Sizing in Highly Dynamic Translucent WDM Optical Networks (2010)

We have developed a methodology for sizing optical network node transponder pools to meet network call blocking requirements. The methodology is practical and adaptable for use in virtually any carrier's optical network capacity planning process.
Open cycle traveling wave thermoacoustics (2003)

The concepts and basic operation of open cycle traveling wave thermoacoustic devices are discussed for the case of a simple thermoacoustic engine, where a steady flow of hot gas replaces the hot heat exchanger as the means for supplying heat to the engine. It has been determined that a large mean temperature difference must exist where the mean flow first meets the regenerator for the engine to produce any acoustic power, due to the joining conditions between the ideally isothermal environment in the regenerator and the isentropic environment of the adjoining open duct that contains the mean flow. The physics behind this temperature difference is discussed, as well as its effects on the various energy fluxes in the thermoacoustic engine. In particular, it is shown that the acoustic power output and thermal efficiency of the engine can be maximized with respect to the magnitude of this temperature difference.