gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Real-time eye detection and tracking under various light conditions (2002)

Non-intrusive methods based on active remote IR illumination for eye tracking are important for many applications of vision-based man-machine interaction. One problem that has plagued those methods is their sensitivity to lighting condition change. This tends to significantly limit their scope of application. In this paper, we present a new real-time eye detection and tracking methodology that works under variable and realistic lighting conditions. Based on combining the bright-pupil effect resulted from IR light and the conventional appearance-based object recognition technique, our method can robustly track eyes when the pupils are not very bright due to significant external illumination interferences. The appearance model is incorporated in both eyes detection and tracking via the use of support vector machine and the mean shift tracking. Additional improvement is achieved from modifying the image acquisition apparatus including the illuminator and the camera.
Augmenting Task-Oriented Dialogue Systems with Relation Extraction (2022)

The standard task-oriented dialogue pipeline uses intent classification and slot-filling to interpret user utterances. While this approach can handle a wide range of queries, it does not extract the information needed to handle more complex queries that contain relationships between slots. We propose integration of relation extraction into this pipeline as an effective way to expand the capabilities of dialogue systems. We evaluate our approach by using an internal dataset with slot and relation annotations spanning three domains. Finally, we show how slot-filling annotation schemes can be simplified once the expressive power of relation annotations is available, reducing the number of slots while still capturing the user's intended meaning.
Characterization of an Apparently Nononcogenic Marek's Disease Virus23 (1978)

A new isolate of Marek's disease virus (MDV) was described. This virus, SB, and a clone, SB-1, differed from pathogenic isolates in in vitro growth characteristics as described for other apathogenic isolates. Serologically, as with other apathogenic isolates, SB could be distinguished from pathogenic MDV and the avirulent turkey herpesvirus. SB failed to induce lesions characteristic of Marek's disease (MD) during a 6- to 11-week experimental period. Also, SB was nononcogenic in immunosuppressed chickens or in chickens inoculated with this virus in ovo. However, under those conditions, SB caused a cytolytic infection. The term "nononcogenic" rather than "apopathogenic" was therefore proposed to classify this and similar isolates. SB-1 protected chickens against challenge with either virulent MDV or the non-virus-producing MD tumor transplant, JMV. Possible mechanisms of protection are discussed.
MERRA Analytic Services: Meeting the Big Data Challenges of Climate Science through Cloud-Enabled Climate Analytics-as-a-Service (2013)

Climate science is a Big Data domain that is experiencing unprecedented growth. In our efforts to address the Big Data challenges of climate science, we are moving toward a notion of Climate Analytics-as-a-Service (CAaaS). We focus on analytics, because it is the knowledge gained from our interactions with Big Data that ultimately produce societal benefits. We focus on CAaaS because we believe it provides a useful way of thinking about the problem: a specialization of the concept of business process-as-a-service, which is an evolving extension of IaaS, PaaS, and SaaS enabled by Cloud Computing. Within this framework, Cloud Computing plays an important role; however, we it see it as only one element in a constellation of capabilities that are essential to delivering climate analytics as a service. These elements are essential because in the aggregate they lead to generativity, a capacity for self-assembly that we feel is the key to solving many of the Big Data challenges in this domain. MERRA Analytic Services (MERRAAS) is an example of cloud-enabled CAaaS built on this principle. MERRAAS enables MapReduce analytics over NASAs Modern-Era Retrospective Analysis for Research and Applications (MERRA) data collection. The MERRA reanalysis integrates observational data with numerical models to produce a global temporally and spatially consistent synthesis of 26 key climate variables. It represents a type of data product that is of growing importance to scientists doing climate change research and a wide range of decision support applications. MERRAAS brings together the following generative elements in a full, end-to-end demonstration of CAaaS capabilities: (1) high-performance, data proximal analytics, (2) scalable data management, (3) software appliance virtualization, (4) adaptive analytics, and (5) a domain-harmonized API. The effectiveness of MERRAAS has been demonstrated in several applications. In our experience, Cloud Computing lowers the barriers and risk to organizational change, fosters innovation and experimentation, facilitates technology transfer, and provides the agility required to meet our customers' increasing and changing needs. Cloud Computing is providing a new tier in the data services stack that helps connect earthbound, enterprise-level data and computational resources to new customers and new mobility-driven applications and modes of work. For climate science, Cloud Computing's capacity to engage communities in the construction of new capabilies is perhaps the most important link between Cloud Computing and Big Data.
Surface impedance based microwave imaging method for breast cancer screening: contrast-enhanced scenario (2014)

A new microwave imaging method that uses microwave contrast agents is presented for the detection and localization of breast tumours. The method is based on the reconstruction of breast surface impedance through a measured scattered field. The surface impedance modelling allows for representing the electrical properties of the breasts in terms of impedance boundary conditions, which enable us to map the inner structure of the breasts into surface impedance functions. Later a simple quantitative method is proposed to screen breasts against malignant tumours where the detection procedure is based on weighted cross correlations among impedance functions. Numerical results demonstrate that the method is capable of detecting small malignancies and provides reasonable localization.
Multi-excitation fluorescence imaging for identifying clarity enhancement in gemstones (2021)

Clarity enhancement is a common treatment method to improve the appearance of gemstones. Classifying the level of enhancement is an important task to gemological laboratories since it is associate with gemstone’s value. Current visual observation based evaluation requires considerable time and experience to identify the filling materials consistently. It is also unable to record the distribution, nor to quantify the visual influence of fracture filling. To improve the quality of identification, we demonstrate a treatment detection technique based on multi-excitation fluorescence imaging. The system is designed to reveal the filling materials while mitigate the background fluorescence from the mineral. Proper excitation wavelengths were selected based on preliminary spectroscopy and imaging studies. The experimental prototype used multiple light emitting diodes as the light sources; and adapted color camera combined with filters to monitor the fluorescence image of treated gemstones. This research utilized emerald treatment detection for demonstration. The system can reveal popular fillers in emerald such as oil, resin, and mixture of chemical compounds, and demonstrates rapid detection of clarity enhancement in emeralds.
Analysis of molecular profiling of renal cell carcinoma: Identification of a 4-microRNA signature as a prognostic value in patients with stage I-II disease. (2013)

395 Background: Renal-cell carcinoma (RCC) accounts for 3% of all cancers and produces over 12,000 deaths every year in the EE.UU. Currently, there is a need to identify stage I/II RCC patients with high risk of relapse following nephrectomy, given that these patients do not receive adjuvant treatment and ≈ 25% of them relapse. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are a class of small noncoding RNAs that control gene expression by targeting mRNA and playing an important role as regulators of gene expression during tumorigenesis. Our willing is to define a miRNA expression profile associated with a high risk of relapse in early RCC. Methods: We analyzed 113 pts. with RCC stage I-II of a local data-base who had undergone nephrectomy from 2000 to 2008. RNA was extracted from FFPE samples using RecoverAll (Ambion). RNA samples were hybridized to Human miRNA Microarray Release 14.0, 8x15K (Agilent Technologies. Data were normalized using Quantile Normalization. Only 396 miRNAs with detectable signal in at least 10% of the hybridized samples were considered for further analysis. Identification of miRNAs related with recurrence risk and subsequent developing and validation of miRNA expression-based prediction models of recurrence risk were performed in BRB-ArrayTools v4.2.1. Results: We identified a 4-miRNA expression signature that distinguishes early stage RCC patients with low and high recurrence risk (p value = 0.0013; HR = 4.68 [1.82-12.0]). Distant recurrence free survival rate at five years was 97.4 and 81.2 for the low and high recurrence risk groups respectively. High levels of miR-424 were related with a high recurrence risk (p = 0.023). Conclusions: The TNM staging system lacks accuracy to identify prognostic markers of survival in early RCC. Our results suggest that specific miRNAs are involved in the recurrence of early disease. We have found a miRNA expression signature that identifies patients with high risk of developing distant metastasis using the FFPE sample of primary tumors. High expression levels of miR-424 were related with a high recurrence risk. MiR-424 is a hypoxia induced miRNA whose expression has been related with HIF-1α and HIF-2α stabilization and angiogenesis induction.
In vivo biopsy by photoacousticUS based tissue characterization (2015)

Our recent research has demonstrated that the frequency domain power distribution of radio-frequency (RF) photoacoustic (PA) signals contains the microscopic information of the optically absorbing materials in the sample. In this research, we were seeking for methods of systematically analyzing the PA measurement from biological tissues and the feasibility of evaluating tissue chemical and microstructural features for potential tissue characterization. By performing PA scan over a broad spectrum covering the optical fingerprints of specific relevant chemical components, and then transforming the radio-frequency signals into the frequency domain, a 2D spectrogram, namely physio-chemical spectrogram (PCS) can be generated. The PCS contains rich diagnostic information allowing quantification of not only contents but also histological microfeatures of various chemical components in tissue. Comprehensive analysis of PCS, namely photoacoustic physio-chemical analysis (PAPCA), could reveal the histopathology information in tissue and hold the potential to achieve comprehensive and accurate tissue characterization.
Rigid-rod thermosets based on 1,3,5-triazine-linked aromatic ester segments (1992)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTRigid-rod thermosets based on 1,3,5-triazine-linked aromatic ester segmentsG. G. Barclay, C. K. Ober, K. I. Papathomas, and D. W. WangCite this: Macromolecules 1992, 25, 11, 2947–2954Publication Date (Print):May 1, 1992Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 May 1992https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ma00037a025https://doi.org/10.1021/ma00037a025research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views527Altmetric-Citations78LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
The Secrets of Salient Object Segmentation (2014)

In this paper we provide an extensive evaluation of fixation prediction and salient object segmentation algorithms as well as statistics of major datasets. Our analysis identifies serious design flaws of existing salient object benchmarks, called the dataset design bias, by over emphasizing the stereotypical concepts of saliency. The dataset design bias does not only create the discomforting disconnection between fixations and salient object segmentation, but also misleads the algorithm designing. Based on our analysis, we propose a new high quality dataset that offers both fixation and salient object segmentation ground-truth. With fixations and salient object being presented simultaneously, we are able to bridge the gap between fixations and salient objects, and propose a novel method for salient object segmentation. Finally, we report significant benchmark progress on three existing datasets of segmenting salient objects
Enzymatic Decontamination of C/B Threat Materials: From Concept to Commercialization (2004)

The ability of enzymes to hydrolyze and detoxify organophosphorus compounds goes back nearly 60 years to when Mazur published work with mammalian tissues conducted during World War II (Mazur, 1946). He determined that enzymatic activity in a variety of tissues could catalytically detoxify diisopropylfluorophosphate (DFP). More recently, a variety of enzymes with activity against G- and V-type nerve agents as well as organophosphorus pesticides have been identified from numerous sources, purified and characterized. A review of these enzymes can be found in a recent review (DeFrank and White, 2002). With several of these enzymes now available in industrial quantities, the concept of a limited capability enzyme-based decontaminant has reached fruition.
Shigella-induced Apoptosis Is Dependent on Caspase-1 Which Binds to IpaB (1998)

We report here that the Shigella invasion plasmid antigen (Ipa)B, which is sufficient to induce apoptosis in macrophages, binds to caspase (Casp)-1, but not to Casp-2 or Casp-3. Casp-1 is activated and its specific substrate interleukin-1beta is cleaved shortly after Shigella infection. Macrophages isolated from Casp-1 knock-out mice are not susceptible to Shigella-induced apoptosis, although they respond normally to other apoptotic stimuli. Shigella kills macrophages from casp-3, casp-11, and p53 knock-out mice as well as macrophages overexpressing Bcl-2. We propose that Shigella induces apoptosis by directly activating Casp-1 through IpaB, bypassing signal transduction events and caspases upstream of Casp-1. Taken together these data indicate that Shigella-induced apoptosis is distinct from other forms of apoptosis and seems uniquely dependent on Casp-1.
Chromatic Dispersion Compensation in Regular and Bend-Insensitive Multimode Fibers (2012)

We numerically and experimentally validate a new criterion that quantifies how modal dispersion can compensate for chromatic dispersion in specifically designed regular and bend-insensitive multi-mode fibers in 10Gbps serial transmission over more than 400m.
Integrated control of <i>Rhizoctonia solani</i> by methyl bromide and <i>Trichoderma harzianum</i> (1985)

Under laboratory conditions, isolate TH–203 of Trichoderma harzianum was found to be tolerant of up to 20 000 ppm methyl bromide (MB) (v/v), whereas the plant pathogen Rhizoctonia solani was susceptible to a dose of less than 9000 ppm (v/v). Exposure to sub–lethal concentrations of MB had no effect on the in vitro antagonistic ability of T. harzianum . Soil fumigation with MB at the equivalent of a commercial dose of 500 kg/ha did not reduce the population of Trichoderma in soil and allowed rapid colonization of Trichoderma to develop in the soil. Under greenhouse conditions a combination of T. harzianum and a reduced dose of MB (equivalent to 200 kg/ha) completely controlled disease incidence of R. solani in bean seedlings compared with controls in untreated soils. Similar disease control was achieved with the recommended dose of MB. Under field conditions, the combination of 200 kg/ha MB and T. harzianum gave a significant synergistic effect on damping–off of carrot seedlings caused by R. solani , and had a similar effect on growth, yield and disease control to that of the recommended dose. T. harzianum was also able to prevent reinfestation by R. solani in fumigated soils.
Capacity upgrades of transmission systems by Raman amplification (1997)

Raman amplification is added to a transmission system to provide an increase in power budget allowing for a four-fold upgrade in capacity either by TDM or WDM. Here, a TDM upgrade from 2.5 to 10 Gb/s and a WDM upgrade from a single 10-Gb/s channel to four channels of 10 Gb/s each were experimentally verified with an improvement in the power budget of 7.4 dB. Raman gain is an attractive upgrade method for installed systems requiring no changes to the fiber span.
Beam splitting target reflector based compensation for angular drift of laser beam in laser autocollimation of measuring small angle deviations (2013)

Beam splitting target reflector based compensation for the angular drift of laser beam in laser autocollimation is proposed in this article to improve the measurement accuracy and stability of small angle deviations. A beam splitting target reflector is used to replace the plane mirror in laser autocollimation to generate a reference beam when returning the measurement beam. The reference beam and measurement beam have the same angular drift, but have different sensitivities to the rotation angle of the reflector due to the unique characteristics of the reflector. Thus, the angular drift of laser beam in laser autocollimation can be compensated in real time by using the drift of reference beam. Experimental results indicate that an output stability of 0.085 arc sec in 2 h can be achieved after compensation. And a measurement accuracy of ±0.032 arc sec can be obtained over the range of ±1190 arc sec with an effective resolution of 0.006 arc sec. It is confirmed that the compensation method for the angular drift of laser beam is necessary for improving the measurement accuracy and stability in laser autocollimation.
High-speed all-optical NOR gate using semiconductor optical amplifier (2004)

In this paper, the high-speed all-optical NOR gate using the semiconductor optical amplifier (SOA) is demonstrated by using cross-gain modulation of the SOA, used for gain saturation-purpose by pump signal, at 10 Gb/s. Speed limitation reported by previous NOR gates is overcome by using clock signal for probe signal instead of a continuous wave (CW) light.
Translocating cell‐impermeable molecules through the plasma membrane of cancer cells (2009)

We have discovered a novel approach to specifically target tumors based on their acidity. Our method is based on pHLIP (pH Low Insertion Peptide) ‐ a peptide that is soluble at physiological pH and inserts across lipid bilayers as a transmembrane helix at acidic pH. Unlike other strategies, pHLIP can simultaneously target tumors, carry a cargo linked to its C‐terminus and translocate the payload across the plasma membrane. In drug design, a constraint has been to create molecules that are sufficiently hydrophobic and small to traverse membranes (Log P from ‐0.4 to +5.6 and MW of 160 to 480 g.mol‐1). As a result, a broad range of cell‐impermeable molecules is excluded from drug design and discovery. Our goal is to define the properties of cell‐impermeable cargo molecules linked to pHLIP to guide the use of this novel delivery system. In this study, peptides linked to the C‐terminus of pHLIP served as model cargos. These peptides follow a host‐guest model, where single amino acids can be modified to allow the fine adjustment of cargo properties and were designed to be membrane‐impermeable. We show that pHLIP can successfully translocate such membrane‐impermeable cargos (Log P < ‐2.5; MW ≈ 800) across lipid bilayers and cancer cell membranes. Thus, pHLIP can broaden the useful range of polarity and size of potential therapeutic agents as well as targeting them to tumors. Support: NIH CA133890 and GM073857
Expanding the Cage of 2D Bromide Perovskites by Large A-Site Cations (2022)

Two-dimensional (2D) halide perovskites have outstanding optoelectronic properties, and they feature a variety of organic cation spacers and cage A-site cations that can be incorporated into their structures. It has recently been reported that the Goldschmidt tolerance factor can be relaxed and expanded in iodide 2D perovskites. Bromide 2D perovskites, whose multilayer structures and optical properties are much less studied, provide a great platform for studying structure–property relationships for 2D perovskites with large A-site cations. Herein, we report the synthesis and structure of three new 2D bromide perovskites─(BA)2(MHy)2Pb3Br10 (BA, butylammonium; MHy, methylhydrazinium), (BA)2(EA)2Pb3Br10 (EA is ethylammonium), and (BA)2(DMA)Pb2Br7 (DMA is dimethylammonium). We compared them with other 2D perovskites with different A-site cations but with the same spacer and layer thickness. Single-crystal structures show that the Pb–Br bonds are elongated to accommodate the large A-site cations. Additionally, the octahedra in (BA)2(MHy)2Pb3Br10 and (BA)2(EA)2Pb3Br10 are highly distorted, and their different stacking patterns of the inner and outer layers lead to the formation of the n = 3 phases. Density functional theory calculations show that 2D perovskites with larger A-site cations (e.g., DMA, MHy, and EA) have smaller band dispersions and larger effective masses than those with Cs+ and MA. (BA)2(MHy)2Pb3Br10 also exhibits one of the largest Rashba splittings in the literature. Structures with large cage cations also exhibit high band gaps within the same n number and short photoluminescence (PL) lifetimes. Temperature- and power-dependent PL measurements reveal that the broad shoulder in the PL peak originates from the trap states.
Imaging atmospheric aerosol particles from a UAV with digital holography (2020)

The lack of quantitative characterization of aerosol particles and their loading in the atmosphere is one of the greatest uncertainties in climate-change science. Improved instrumentation capable of determining the size and shape of aerosol particles is needed in efforts to reduce this uncertainty. We describe a new instrument carried by an unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) that images free-floating aerosol particles in the atmosphere. Using digital holography, the instrument obtains the images in a non-contact manner, resolving particles larger than ten micrometers in size in a sensing volume of approximately three cubic centimeters. The instrument, called the holographic aerosol particle imager (HAPI), has the unique ability to image multiple particles freely entering its sensing volume from any direction via a single measurement. The construction of HAPI consists of 3D printed polymer structures that enable a sufficiently low size and weight that it may be flown on a commercial-grade UAV. Examples from field trials of HAPI show images of freshly emitted tree pollen and mineral dust.