gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Single-pulse, Kerr-effect Mueller matrix LiDAR polarimeter (2020)

We present a novel light detection and ranging (LiDAR) polarimeter that enables measurement of 12 of 16 sample Mueller matrix elements in a single, 10 ns pulse. The new polarization state generator (PSG) leverages Kerr phase modulation in a birefringent optical fiber, creating a probe pulse characterized by temporally varying polarization. Theoretical expressions for the Polarization State Generator (PSG) Stokes vector are derived for birefringent walk-off and no walk-off and incorporated into a time-dependent polarimeter signal model employing multiple polarization state analyzers (PSA). Polarimeter modeling compares the Kerr effect and electro-optic phase modulator-based PSG using a single Polarization State Analyzer (PSA) and a scattering sample yielding similarly good performance for both. We include results from an experimental demonstration of the Kerr effect PSG.
Functional isoDNA aptamers: modified thrombin binding aptamers with a 2′-5′-linked sugar-phosphate backbone (isoTBA) (2013)

The regioisomeric 3'-deoxy-2'-5'-linked thrombin binding DNA aptamers (isoTBAs) were chemically synthesized and their ability to form unimolecular anti-parallel G-quadruplexes in the presence of K(+) ions was evaluated. These modified sequences retain the function of the native thrombin binding aptamer (TBA), exhibit better stability against exonuclease and are capable of slowing down the process of blood clotting.
Performance Parameters Of A Kinestatic Charge Detector (1986)

The goal of developing an on-line electronic digital radiographic (EDR) system to replace conventional film-screen radiography (FSR) is important for at least two reasons. First, theoretical arguments show that EDR can have improved diagnostic quality, reduced patient dose and faster image accessibility than FSR. Secondly, the availability of EDR systems will remove the final impediment to the realization of the PACS concept inasmuch as FSR is the only major nonelectronic imaging modality left in the modern radiology department. The Kinestatic Charge Detector (KCD) has properties which make it a candidate for an on-line EDR systems-10. The KCD is a strip detector with high spatial resolution in two dimensions. However, mechanically and electronically, it operates like a one-dimensional detector. Thus, it can effectively scan on the order of 64 to 128 parallel x-ray lines simultaneously but with a 64 to 128-fold reduction in the number of actual detector cells and electronic channels. Moreover, this can be done at quantum detection efficiencies approaching unity. In this paper, theoretical calculations and experimental measurements of the performance parameters of a KCD are presented. Some of the particular parameters discussed include spatial, contrast, and temporal resolution.
Preparation of a Sustainable Shape-Stabilized Phase Change Material for Thermal Energy Storage Based on Mg2+-Doped CaCO3/PEG Composites (2021)

The properties of polyethylene glycol-6000 (PEG)/MgCaCO<sub>3</sub>, a low-cost shape-selective phase change material (ss-PCM), make it highly suitable for solar thermal applications. Nanosized porous MgO-doped CaCO<sub>3</sub> with Mg molar concentrations of 5%, 10%, and 15% were synthesized using a hydrothermal technique. The prepared MgO-CaCO<sub>3</sub> matrices were then impregnated with PEG to obtain PEG/MgCaCO<sub>3</sub> as an ss-PCM. Samples identified as PEG-5MgCaCO<sub>3</sub> (P-5-MCC), PEG-10MgCaCO<sub>3</sub> (P-10-MCC), and PEG-15MgCaCO<sub>3</sub> (P-15-MCC) were prepared and studied. Interestingly, P-10-MCC has the smallest particle size together with a good porous structure compared to the other two materials. The results of thermogravimetric analyses and differential scanning calorimetry indicate that the small particle size and porous structure facilitate the impregnation of approximately 69% of the PEG into the 10-MCC matrix. The latent heat and energy storage efficiency of PEG in the P-10-MCC sample are 152.5 J/g and 96.48%, respectively, which are significantly higher than those of comparable materials. Furthermore, in addition to the improvement of the thermal conductivity of the P-10-MCC, its supercooling is also reduced to some extent. The combined mesoporous and macro-porous structure of P-10-MCC is critical to retaining a large amount of PEG within the matrix, resulting in a high latent heat in the operating temperature range of 35-57 °C. The P-10MCC sample also demonstrates a high energy storage capacity (98.59%), high thermal energy storage/release rates, and exceptional shape-stabilized PCM properties.
Real-time and high-performance calibration method for high-speed swept-source optical coherence tomography (2010)

For high-speed swept-source optical coherence tomography (SS-OCT), the real-time calibration process to convert the OCT signal to wave number space is highly essential. A novel calibration process/algorithm using a genetic algorithm and precise interpolation is developed. This algorithm is embedded and validated in a SS-OCT system with 16-kHz A-scan rate. The performance of the new algorithm is evaluated by measuring point spread functions at two distinct locations in the entire imaging range. The data is compared to the same system but embedded with a regular calibration algorithm, which demonstrates about 20% improvement in the axial resolution. The steady improvement at different locations of the range suggests the strong robustness of the algorithm, which will ultimately optimize the operation performance of this SS-OCT system in terms of resolution and dynamic range and improves details in biological tissues.
Monitoring head/eye motion for driver alertness with one camera (2002)

We describe a system for analyzing human driver alertness. It relies on optical flow and color predicates to robustly track a person's head and facial features. Our system classifies rotation in all viewing directions, detects eye/mouth occlusion, detects eye blinking, and recovers the 3D gaze of the eyes. We show results and discuss how this system can be used for monitoring driver alertness.
Discriminative Training of Deep Regression Networks for Artificial Bandwidth Extension (2018)

Artificial bandwidth extension reconstructs a 16 kHz wideband signal from a given 8 kHz narrowband signal. State-of-the-art approaches use regression deep neural networks (DNNs) for extending the spectral envelope. As a cost function during training, they use the mean squared error (MSE) between true and estimated wideband spectral envelopes. With pure MSE training, the extension for fricatives and vowels is not distinctive enough compared to the true WB data. In this work, we propose to add a discriminative term to the cost function that forces the DNN to extend the energy more distinctively for different phoneme classes. The proposed cost function improves the separation of fricatives and vowels in the DNN. It also results in a higher speech quality, which was shown in subjective listening tests.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis, Absolute Configuration, and Antibacterial Activity of 6,7‐Dihydro‐5,8‐dimethyl‐9‐fluoro‐1‐oxo‐1H,5H‐benzo(ij)quinolizine‐2‐ carboxylic Acid. (1987)

Abstract Resolution of the (R)‐ and (S)‐isomers of the tetrahydroquinoline (I) is achieved by flash chromatography of the diastereomeric amides (III) and (IV).
Template-Directed Interference Footprinting of Protein−Adenine Contacts (1996)

Noncovalent contacts between amino acid residues and DNA bases are the principal contributors to sequence-specific recognition in most protein−DNA complexes. We have developed a method, template-directed interference (TDI) footprinting, which not only identifies DNA bases that are contacted by a protein upon formation of a specific complex but also reveals the groove location of the contacts and provides a rough gauge of their energetics. Previously, we demonstrated TDI footprinting of guanine (TDI-G), cytosine (TDI-C), and thymine (TDI-T) residues in the major groove of DNA. Here we report the development of a procedure for TDI footprinting of the fourth and final DNA base, adenine (TDI-A). The base-analog 7-deaza-7-nitroadenine (A*), present as the corresponding 2‘-deoxynucleoside 5‘-triphosphate, was found to undergo efficient incorporation into DNA during template-directed enzymatic polymerization. The analog exhibits the same base-pairing preference as its native counterpart (A), and could be selectively degraded, leading to DNA strand scission upon treatment with aqueous piperidine. To validate the use of A* as a probe of specific protein−DNA contacts, we carried out TDI-A footprinting of the bacteriophage 434 repressor/OR1 operator interaction. The observed interference by A* only at position-1 of the operator is consistent with the results of X-ray crystallographic analysis. Together with TDI-G, -C, and -T footprinting, the present TDI-A footprinting procedure now completes the series of four experiments required for the analysis of major groove contacts to all four DNA bases in solution.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis and Alkali‐Metal Complexing Abilities of Crown Ether Tertiary Alcohols. (1987)

Abstract The crown ethers (III) and (V) are obtained by coupling the diols (II) and (IV) with the (2‐chloromethyl)oxiranes (I).
Clinically translatable integrated ultrasound and photoacoustic imaging system (2014)

Due to the high scattering coefficient of tissue over the wavelength range used for photoacoustic (PA) imaging, most studies employ bulky, low repetition rate lasers to provide sufficient pulse energies at depth to image within the body. The size and cost of these lasers has impeded integration of photoacoustics into conventional, routinely-used ultrasound (US) scanners. Here, we present an approach leveraging the capabilities of modern, high repetition rate fiber lasers to produce a clinically translatable system providing integrated US/PA images at frame rates > 30 Hz. The system uses a portable, low-cost, low pulse-energy (1 mJ/pulse), high repetition rate (1 kHz), 1064 nm laser and is designed for integrated US/PA imaging of the peripheral vasculature or any relevant diseased region, such as a tumor. Using a rotating galvo-mirror system, the incident laser beam is quickly scanned over the imaging area. Multiple PA images covering the scan area are integrated to form a single PA image. Additionally, ultrasound firings are integrated into the scan sequence to provide an US image reconstructed over the same frame period. We acquired PA images of a 1.5-mmdiameter cylindrical absorber (absorption coefficient 5 cm<sup>-1</sup>) embedded in a tissue-mimicking gelatin phantom at 6-cm depth. A 2 cm × 1 cm (depth × lateral) area was reconstructed. We obtained a signal-to-noise ratio of more than 30 dB, comparable to conventional PA methods using high energy, low repetition rate lasers. The current system produces an integrated US/PA frame at a 32 Hz rate, and 100 Hz frame rates are possible with our present approach.
Realistic cell-oriented adaptive admission control for QoS support in wireless multimedia networks (2003)

An important quality-of-service (QoS) issue in wireless multimedia networks is how to control handoff drops. We propose admission-control algorithms that adaptively control the admission threshold in each cell in order to keep the handoff-dropping probability below a predefined level. The admission threshold is dynamically adjusted based on handoff-dropping events. We first present a simple admission-control scheme that brings out an important performance evaluation criterion - intercell fairness - and serves as a reference point. We then investigate the intercell unfairness problem and develop two enhanced schemes to overcome this problem. The performance of these protocols is benchmarked and compared with other competitive schemes. The results indicate that our schemes perform very well while, in addition, achieving significantly reduced complexity and signaling load.
Optimized Modulation Scheme of Three-level Dual Active Bridge Converter (2020)

This paper focuses on optimizing the modulation strategy of the Neutral Point Clamped Hybrid Three-level dual active bridge (NH3L-DAB) converter. For a kind of applications with high input voltage and large output current, a multi-objective optimized modulation scheme is introduced. The proposed modulation method can achieve zero voltage switching in high voltage side, zero current switching in large current side, and low RMS value of inductor current, therefore, it can reduce both conduction losses and switching losses. At last, the experimental results verify the effectiveness of the proposed modulation method.
Evaluation of repeated dosing of a dexmedetomidine oromucosal gel for treatment of noise aversion in dogs over a series of noise events (2020)

Repeated use of dexmedetomidine gel for noise events resulted in decreased need for administration. Burden of care is important to discuss with clients.
The first perfluoro crown ethers (1985)

The first perfluoro crown ethers, perfluoro 18-crown-6, perfluoro 15-crown, and perfluoro 12-crown-4, have been prepared by carefully controlled elemental fluorination; although they are weaker bases than their parent compounds, perfluoro crown ethers are materials which will have a number of applications.
Spin-to-Orbital Angular Momentum Conversion and Spin-Polarization Filtering in Electron Beams (2012)

We propose the design of a space-variant Wien filter for electron beams that induces a spin half-turn and converts the corresponding spin angular momentum variation into orbital angular momentum of the beam itself by exploiting a geometrical phase arising in the spin manipulation. When applied to a spatially coherent input spin-polarized electron beam, such a device can generate an electron vortex beam, carrying orbital angular momentum. When applied to an unpolarized input beam, the proposed device, in combination with a suitable diffraction element, can act as a very effective spin-polarization filter. The same approach can also be applied to neutron or atom beams.
Dynamic characteristics of photonic gate with multiple-quantum-well reflection modulator and heterojunction phototransistor (1991)

In order to improve the switching-off speed of a photonic gate array consisting of a multiple-quantum-well (MQW) modulator, a distributed Bragg reflector (DBR), and a heterojunction phototransistor (HPT), a resistor structure connected in parallel with the modulator is proposed. The bandwidth was measured as a function of the optical gain for the following two gate structures: the MQW reflection modulator connected with (1) the p-i-n photodiode in series; and (2) the HPT in series and the resistor in parallel, respectively. The results show that the addition of the resistor can reverse the increase in switching-off time due to the Miller capacitance effect with optical gain. Estimates indicate that optimizing the device size and structure will result in subnanosecond switching times with several times the optical gain.
Angiophagy Prevents Early Embolus Washout But Recanalizes Microvessels Through Embolus Extravasation (2014)

Occlusion of the microvasculature by blood clots, atheromatous fragments, or circulating debris is a frequent phenomenon in most human organs. Emboli are cleared from the microvasculature by hemodynamic pressure and the fibrinolytic system. An alternative mechanism of clearance is angiophagy, in which emboli are engulfed by the endothelium and translocate through the microvascular wall. We report that endothelial lamellipodia surround emboli within hours of occlusion, markedly reducing hemodynamic washout and tissue plasminogen activator-mediated fibrinolysis in mice. Over the next few days, emboli are completely engulfed by the endothelium and extravasated into the perivascular space, leading to vessel recanalization and blood flow reestablishment. We find that this mechanism is not limited to the brain, as previously thought, but also occurs in the heart, retina, kidney, and lung. In the lung, emboli cross into the alveolar space where they are degraded by macrophages, whereas in the kidney, they enter the renal tubules, constituting potential routes for permanent removal of circulating debris. Retina photography and angiography in patients with embolic occlusions provide indirect evidence suggesting that angiophagy may also occur in humans. Thus, angiophagy appears to be a ubiquitous mechanism that could be a therapeutic target with broad implications in vascular occlusive disorders. Given its biphasic nature-initially causing embolus retention, and subsequently driving embolus extravasation-it is likely that different therapeutic strategies will be required during these distinct post-occlusion time windows.
Diagnostic Utility of a Mouse Monoclonal Antibody (5-21-3) Employed as a Competitive Probe in an Immunoassay to Detect Antibody to HIV-1 gp41 (1990)

A mouse monoclonal antibody, designated 5-21-3, was raised against HIV-1 gp41 using detergent-disrupted virus as the immunogen. Antibody 5-21-3 was conjugated to horseradish peroxidase (HRP) and employed as a competitive probe against normal and HIV-1 antibody-positive sera in an immunoassay to detect the presence of antibody to HIV-1 gp41. The diagnostic utility of the competitive monoclonal immunoassay was assessed by correlation to a similar assay which employed HRP-labeled polyclonal IgG from a gp41-seropositive donor as the competitive probe. The monoclonal immunoassay was greater than 98% as sensitive and 99% as specific as the polyclonal immunoassay, regardless of the geographic source or disease state of the donor. The monoclonal immunoassay also was nearly as effective as the polyclonal immunoassay in detecting points of seroconversion in individuals enrolled in longitudinal studies. Of particular interest was the finding that the epitope recognized by monoclonal antibody 5-21-3 did not map to the well-characterized gp41 immunodominant region.
Deeply-etched micromirror with vertical slit and metallic coating enabling transmission-type optical MEMS filters (2016)

In this work we report a novel optical MEMS deeply-etched mirror with metallic coating and vertical slot, where the later allows reflection and transmission by the micromirror. The micromirror as well as fiber grooves are fabricated using deep reactive ion etching technology, where the optical axis is in-plane and the components are self-aligned. The etching depth is 150 μm chosen to improve the micromirror optical throughput. The vertical optical structure is Al metal coated using the shadow mask technique. A fiber-coupled Fabry-Pérot filter is successfully realized using the fabricated structure. Experimental measurements were obtained based on a dielectric-coated optical fiber inserted into a fiber groove facing the slotted micromirror. A versatile performance in terms of the free spectral range and 3-dB bandwidth is achieved.
Adaptive general scale interpolation based on similar pixels weighting (2013)

In this paper, we propose an adaptive general scale interpolation algorithm considering the non-stationarity of natural images in local areas. In image 2× enlargement, there are fixed relative positions between low-resolution (LR) pixels and high-resolution (HR) pixels. Unknown HR pixels can be estimated by their available LR neighbors. However, such relative positions are not fixed in the general-scale enlargement situations. The number and position of available LR pixels are indeterminate, therefore HR pixels can not be estimated by LR pixels. To make our method suitable for general scaling factors, we construct autoregressive (AR) models with pixels' neighbors instead of their available LR neighbors. Simultaneously, we introduce the similarity between pixels within a local window, which improves the method's performance by modeling the non-stationarity of image signals. Experimental results demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed method on general scaling factors.
Production of ethanol from biomasses. Part II. Preparation of mutants resistant to catabolite repression of Trichoderma reesei. (1985)

The development of agar plate screening techniques has allowed the isolation of mutants of Trichoderma reesei capable of synthesizing cellulase under the conditions of a high concentration of glucose. Mutants resistant to catabolite repression by glycerol or glucose were isolated on Walseth's cellulose (WC) agar plates containing 5% glycerol or 5% glucose, respectively. Mutants resistant to catabolite repression by glycerol were not derepressed enough for the production of cellulase on WC agar plates containing 5% glucose or in flask cultures with a mixture of 1% Avicel and 3% glucose. On the contrary, two mutant strains resistant to catabolite repression by glucose (K.DD-10 and DGD-16) produced large clearing zones on WC agar plates containing 5% glucose. Both strains could begin to produce CMCase even in the presence of residual glucose and finally produced 1.5 times the CMCase activity, in flask cultures on 1% Avicel and 3% glucose, than that with 1% Avicel alone. These results suggest that KDD-10 and DGD-16 are comparatively derepressed by glucose for cellulase production.
Inhibitory Effects of Monensin on Shedding of Toxoplasma Oocysts by Cats (1982)

Toxoplasma oocyst shedding by cats was suppressed by 0.02% monensin incorporated in dry cat food. Ten of 12 cats that had not shed oocysts were immune when reinfected with mice chronically infected with Toxoplasma. The medicated food, which was well accepted and tolerated by kittens, could be useful to minimize risks of infection for pregnant women and small children from pet cats defecating in soil close to homes. However, in the presence of stray cats a false sense of security may be engendered.
Globally precise-restartable execution of parallel programs (2014)

Emerging trends in computer design and use are likely to make exceptions , once rare, the norm, especially as the system size grows. Due to exceptions, arising from hardware faults, approximate computing, dynamic resource management, etc., successful and error-free execution of programs may no longer be assured. Yet, designers will want to tolerate the exceptions so that the programs execute completely, efficiently and without external intervention. Modern computers easily handle exceptions in sequential programs, using precise interrupts. But they are ill-equipped to handle exceptions in parallel programs, which are growing in prevalence. In this work we introduce the notion of globally precise-restartable execution of parallel programs, analogous to precise-interruptible execution of sequential programs. We present a software runtime recovery system based on the approach to handle exceptions in suitably-written parallel programs. Qualitative and quantitative analyses show that the proposed system scales with the system size, especially when exceptions are frequent, unlike the conventional checkpoint-and-recovery method.
Calibration-Free Gaze Estimation Using Human Gaze Patterns (2013)

We present a novel method to auto-calibrate gaze estimators based on gaze patterns obtained from other viewers. Our method is based on the observation that the gaze patterns of humans are indicative of where a new viewer will look at. When a new viewer is looking at a stimulus, we first estimate a topology of gaze points (initial gaze points). Next, these points are transformed so that they match the gaze patterns of other humans to find the correct gaze points. In a flexible uncalibrated setup with a web camera and no chin rest, the proposed method was tested on ten subjects and ten images. The method estimates the gaze points after looking at a stimulus for a few seconds with an average accuracy of 4:3°. Although the reported performance is lower than what could be achieved with dedicated hardware or calibrated setup, the proposed method still provides a sufficient accuracy to trace the viewer attention. This is promising considering the fact that auto-calibration is done in a flexible setup, without the use of a chin rest, and based only on a few seconds of gaze initialization data. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first work to use human gaze patterns in order to auto-calibrate gaze estimators.