gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A Real-Time S-Parameter Imaging System (2005)

Obtaining a lateral S-parameter image scan from positrons implanted into semiconductor devices can be a helpful research tool both for localizing device structures and in diagnozing defect patterns that could help interpret function. S-parameter images can be obtained by electromagnetically rastering a variable energy positron beam of small spot size across the sample.
Physical Properties of Chalcogenide and Chalcohalide Glasses (2000)

The physical properties of glasses in the Ge 30 As 10 Se (60— x ) Te x system with x = 25, 28, 30, and 35 at.% Te, the Ge 30 As 10 Se 30 Te (30— y ) I y system with y = 5, 10, 20, and 30 at.% I, the Ge 30 As 10 Se 35 Te (25— z ) I z system with z = 2, 6, 10, and 20 at.% I, and the [Ge 30 As 10 Se 30 Te 30 ] (100— w ) I w system with w = 0, 5, 10, and 20 at.% I have been investigated. The changes in the glass transition temperature, density, coefficient of thermal expansion, hardness, and viscosity are attributed to the delocalized metallic bonding character of Te in the substitution of Te for Se in the Ge‐As‐Se‐Te glass system and the network‐terminating role of iodine in the substitution of I for Te in the Ge‐As‐Se‐Te‐I glass system, respectively.
Overexpression of <i>Clostridium perfringens</i> Enterotoxin Receptors Claudin-3 and Claudin-4 in Uterine Carcinosarcomas (2007)

Claudin-3 and claudin-4 receptors are highly overexpressed in carcinosarcoma. These proteins may offer promising targets for the use of CPE as a novel type-specific therapy against this biologically aggressive variant of endometrial cancer.
Opioid receptor activation triggering downregulation of cAMP improves effectiveness of anti-cancer drugs in treatment of glioblastoma (2014)

Glioblastoma are the most frequent and malignant human brain tumors, having a very poor prognosis. The enhanced radio- and chemoresistance of glioblastoma and the glioblastoma stem cells might be the main reason why conventional therapies fail. The second messenger cyclic AMP (cAMP) controls cell proliferation, differentiation, and apoptosis. Downregulation of cAMP sensitizes tumor cells for anti-cancer treatment. Opioid receptor agonists triggering opioid receptors can activate inhibitory Gi proteins, which, in turn, block adenylyl cyclase activity reducing cAMP. In this study, we show that downregulation of cAMP by opioid receptor activation improves the effectiveness of anti-cancer drugs in treatment of glioblastoma. The µ-opioid receptor agonist D,L-methadone sensitizes glioblastoma as well as the untreatable glioblastoma stem cells for doxorubicin-induced apoptosis and activation of apoptosis pathways by reversing deficient caspase activation and deficient downregulation of XIAP and Bcl-xL, playing critical roles in glioblastomas' resistance. Blocking opioid receptors using the opioid receptor antagonist naloxone or increasing intracellular cAMP by 3-isobutyl-1-methylxanthine (IBMX) strongly reduced opioid receptor agonist-induced sensitization for doxorubicin. In addition, the opioid receptor agonist D,L-methadone increased doxorubicin uptake and decreased doxorubicin efflux, whereas doxorubicin increased opioid receptor expression in glioblastomas. Furthermore, opioid receptor activation using D,L-methadone inhibited tumor growth significantly in vivo. Our findings suggest that opioid receptor activation triggering downregulation of cAMP is a promising strategy to inhibit tumor growth and to improve the effectiveness of anti-cancer drugs in treatment of glioblastoma and in killing glioblastoma stem cells.
GPredict: Generic Predictive Concurrency Analysis (2015)

Predictive trace analysis (PTA) is an effective approach for detecting subtle bugs in concurrent programs. Existing PTA techniques, however, are typically based on adhoc algorithms tailored to low-level errors such as data races or atomicity violations, and are not applicable to high-level properties such as "a resource must be authenticated before use" and "a collection cannot be modified when being iterated over". In addition, most techniques assume as input a globally ordered trace of events, which is expensive to collect in practice as it requires synchronizing all threads. In this paper, we present GPredict: a new technique that realizes PTA for generic concurrency properties. Moreover, GPredict does not require a global trace but only the local traces of each thread, which incurs much less runtime overhead than existing techniques. Our key idea is to uniformly model violations of concurrency properties and the thread causality as constraints over events. With an existing SMT solver, GPredict is able to precisely predict property violations allowed by the causal model. Through our evaluation using both benchmarks and real world applications, we show that GPredict is effective in expressing and predicting generic property violations. Moreover, it reduces the runtime overhead of existing techniques by 54% on DaCapo benchmarks on average.
Integrated-optical Givens rotation device (1986)

The Givens rotation operation occupies a central role in linear algebraic signal processing. An integrated-optical coherent implementation of an elementary rotation matrix device, based on thick grating diffraction, to perform this operation is proposed. It is shown that existing electrooptic phase shifting and grating diffraction devices can be combined to produce a very fast Givens rotation device.
Effect of SCD and SREBP genotypes on fatty acid composition in adipose tissue of Japanese Black cattle herds (2009)

Fatty acid composition of beef adipose tissue is one of important traits because high proportions of monounsaturated fatty acid are related to favorable beef flavor and tenderness. In this study, we investigated effects of genetic factors such as stearoyl-CoA desaturase (SCD) and sterol regulatory element binding protein (SREBP) on beef carcass traits including fatty acid composition using two cattle populations. Sire effect was significantly related to almost all traits except BMS, suggesting that the trait examined in this study is highly controlled by genetic factors. The effect of SCD genotype on fatty acid composition was detected remarkably in both cattle groups, especially on stearic and oleic acids. This result was consistent with our previous studies and suggests that SCD is associated with fatty acid composition. Unlike SCD genotyping, the effect of SREBP genotype was not identified in this study. Our results suggested that SCD genotype would contribute to improving beef quality in field populations. Further studies about the relationship among these factors will bring an insight into the molecular mechanism of fatty acid metabolism in cattle.
A multiprocessor data flow accelerator module (1988)

Real-time controllers often need to minimize the latency between the arrival of a stimulus and the delivery of a control signal. Using multiprocessors to compute the control algorithm is appealing for these applications, but problem decomposition and load leveling are not straightforward. The data flow model of computation offers a solution which can be implemented for shared memory, parallel processors by the addition of a single circuit board. A typical parallel processor, the data flow model, and several versions of the Data flow Accelerator Module (DFAM) are presented together with some preliminary results. 15 refs., 12 figs.
Rendering on a budget: a framework for time-critical rendering (1999)

We present a technique for optimizing the rendering of highdepth complexity scenes. Prioritized-Layered Projection (PLP) does this by rendering an estimation of the visible set for each frame. The novelty in our work lies in the fact that we do not explicitly compute visible sets. Instead, our work is based on computing on demand a priority order for the polygons that maximizes the likelihood of rendering visible polygons before occluded ones for any given scene. Given a fixed budget, e.g. time or number of triangles, our rendering algorithm makes sure to render geometry respecting the computed priority.There are two main steps to our technique: (1) an occupancy-based tessellation of space; and (2) a solidity-based traversal algorithm. PLP works by computing an occupancy-based tessellation of space, which tends to have smaller cells where there are more geometric primitives, e.g., polygons. In this spatial tessellation, each cell is assigned a solidity value, which is directly proportional to its likelihood of occluding other cells. In its simplest form, a cell's solidity value is directly proportional to the number of polygons contained within it. During our traversal algorithm, cells are marked for projection, and the geometric primitives contained within them actually rendered. The traversal algorithm makes use of the cells' solidity, and other view-dependent information to determine the ordering in which to project cells. By tailoring the traversal algorithm to the occupancy-based tessellation, we can achieve very good frame rates with low preprocessing and rendering costs.In this paper, we describe our technique and its implementation in detail. We also provide experimental evidence of its performance and briefly discuss extensions of our algorithm.
Lithium Insertion into Vanadium Oxide Nanotubes:  Electrochemical and Structural Aspects (2005)

The electrochemical and structural aspects of lithium insertion into vanadium oxide nanotubes have been studied. Structural changes, induced as lithium was inserted between the vanadium oxide layers, were followed by in situ synchrotron X-ray diffraction recorded during potential steps. Two separate processes were identified: a fast decrease of the interlayer distance followed by a slow two-dimensional relaxation of the intralayer vanadium oxide structure. The nanotubes were synthesized using crystalline V2O5 as a precursor, instead of the normally used vanadium alkoxide, which produced a more cost-effective material with similar performance. Electrochemical measurements showed that surface processes, i.e., charge transfer and/or ohmic drop, were rate-controlling, as can be anticipated for the thin layer electrochemical conditions used in this study.
Cloning and Expression of Fructosyl-amino Acid Oxidase Gene from<i>Corynebacterium</i>sp. 2-4-1 in<i>Escherichia coli</i> (2002)

The gene encoding the fructosyl-amino acid oxidase (fructosyl-alpha-L-amino acid: oxygen oxidoreductase (defructosylating); EC 1.5.3) of Corynebacterium sp. 2-4-1 was cloned and expressed in Escherichia coli. The gene consists of 1,116 nucleotides and encodes a protein of 372 amino acids with a predicted molecular mass of 39,042. The open reading frame was confirmed as the gene of the fructosyl-amino acid oxidase by comparison with the N-terminal amino acid sequence of the purified fructosyl-amino acid oxidase from Corynebacterium sp. 2-4-1. The sequence of the AMP-binding motif, GXGXXG, was found in the deduced N-terminal region. The amino acid sequence of the fructosyl-amino acid oxidase showed no similarity to that of fungal fructosyl-amino acid oxidases. In addition, substrate specificities of this fructosyl-amino acid oxidase were different from those of other fructosyl-amino acid oxidases. The fructosyl-amino acid oxidase of Corynebacterium sp. 2-4-1 is an enzyme that has unique substrate specificity and primary structure in comparison with fungal fructosyl-amino acid oxidases.
High sensitive measurement of the human axial eye length in vivo with Fourier domain low coherence interferometry (2008)

In this paper we present a system for intraocular distance measurement of the human eye in vivo with high sensitivity. The instrument is based on Fourier domain low coherence interferometry (FD-LCI). State-of- the-art FD-LCI systems are limited to a depth range of only a few mm, because the depth range is determined by the spectral resolution of the spectrometer. To measure larger distances (e.g. human eye length) we implemented two separate reference arms with different arm lengths into the interferometer. Each reference arm length corresponds to a different depth position within the sample (e.g. cornea and retina). Therefore two different depth sections, each with a depth range of a few mm can be imaged simultaneously. With the new system axial distances could be measured with a precision of 8 microm. We demonstrate the performance of the instrument by measuring the axial eye length of 9 patients with cataract and compare our results with those obtained using the IOL Master (Carl Zeiss Meditec Inc.).
Optical Doppler tomography: imaging in vivo blood flow dynamics following pharmacological intervention and photodynamic therapy. (1998)

A noninvasive optical technique has been developed for imaging in vivo blood flow dynamics and vessel structure with high spatial resolution. The technique is based on optical Doppler tomography, which combines Doppler velocimetry with optical coherence tomography to measure blood flow velocity at discrete spatial locations in turbid biological tissue. Applications of this technique for monitoring changes in blood flow dynamics and vessel structure following pharmacological intervention and photodynamic therapy are demonstrated.
Waveguide amplifiers in sputtered films of Er/sup 3+/-doped chalcogenide glass (2006)

We demonstrate the first chalcogenide glass waveguide amplifiers operating at a wavelength of 1.5 mum. The amplifiers, patterned in films of Er <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3+</sup> -doped gallium lanthanum sulfide glass, exhibit a total internal gain of 6.7 dB (2.8 dB/cm)
Decimal Floating-Point Multiplication Via Carry-Save Addition (2007)

Decimal multiplication is important in many commercial applications including financial analysis, banking, tax calculation, currency conversion, insurance, and accounting. This paper presents the design of a decimal floating-point multiplier that complies with specifications for decimal multiplication given in the draft revision of the IEEE 754 standard for floating-point arithmetic (IEEE 754R). This multiplier extends a previously published decimal fixed- point multiplier design by adding several features including exponent generation, sticky bit generation, shifting of the intermediate product, rounding, and exception detection and handling. The core of the decimal multiplication algorithm is an iterative scheme of partial product accumulation employing decimal carry-save addition to reduce the critical path delay. Novel features of the proposed multiplier include support for decimal floating-point numbers, on-the- fly generation of the sticky bit, early estimation of the shift amount, and efficient decimal rounding. Area and delay estimates are provided for a verified Verilog register transfer level model of the multiplier.
CUTE: Traffic Classification Using TErms (2012)

Among different traffic classification approaches, Deep Packet Inspection (DPI) methods are considered as the most accurate. These methods, however, have two drawbacks: (i) they are not efficient since they use complex regular expressions as protocol signatures, and (ii) they require manual intervention to generate and maintain signatures, partly due to the signature complexity. In this paper, we present CUTE, an automatic traffic classification method, which relies on sets of weighted terms as protocol signatures. The key idea behind CUTE is an observation that, given appropriate weights, the occurrence of a specific term is more important than the relative location of terms in a flow. This observation is based on experimental evaluations as well as theoretical analysis, and leads to several key advantages over previous classification techniques: (i) CUTE is extremely faster than other classification schemes since matching flows with weighed terms is significantly faster than matching regular expressions; (ii) CUTE can classify network traffic using only the first few bytes of the flows in most cases; and (iii) Unlike most existing classification techniques, CUTE can be used to classify partial (or even slightly modified) flows. Even though CUTE replaces complex regular expressions with a set of simple terms, using theoretical analysis and experimental evaluations (based on two large packet traces from tier-one ISPs), we show that its accuracy is as good as or better than existing complex classification schemes, i.e. CUTE achieves precision and recall rates of more than 90%. Additionally, CUTE can successfully classify more than half of flows that other DPI methods fail to classify.
Biodegradation of atrazine in transgenic plants expressing a modified bacterial atrazine chlorohydrolase (<i>atzA</i>) gene (2005)

Atrazine is one of the most widely used herbicides in the USA. Atrazine chlorohydrolase (AtzA), the first enzyme in a six-step pathway leading to the mineralization of atrazine in Gram-negative soil bacteria, catalyses the hydrolytic dechlorination and detoxification of atrazine to hydroxyatrazine. In this study, we investigated the potential use of transgenic plants expressing atzA to take up, dechlorinate and detoxify atrazine. Alfalfa, Arabidopsis thaliana and tobacco were transformed with a modified bacterial atzA gene, p-atzA, under the control of the cassava vein mosaic virus promoter. All transgenic plant species actively expressed p-atzA and grew over a wide range of atrazine concentrations. Thin layer chromatography analyses indicated that in planta expression of p-atzA resulted in the production of hydroxyatrazine. Hydroponically grown transgenic tobacco and alfalfa dechlorinated atrazine to hydroxyatrazine in leaves, stems and roots. Moreover, p-atzA was found to be useful as a conditional-positive selection system to isolate alfalfa and Arabidopsis transformants following Agrobacterium-mediated transformation. Our work suggests that the in planta expression of p-atzA may be useful for the development of plants for the phytoremediation of atrazine-contaminated soils and soil water, and as a marker gene to select for the integration of exogenous DNA into the plant genome.
Antiseizure and Neuroprotective Efficacy of Midazolam in Comparison with Tezampanel (LY293558) against Soman-Induced Status Epilepticus (2022)

Acute exposure to nerve agents induces status epilepticus (SE), which can cause death or long-term brain damage. Diazepam is approved by the FDA for the treatment of nerve agent-induced SE, and midazolam (MDZ) is currently under consideration to replace diazepam. However, animal studies have raised questions about the neuroprotective efficacy of benzodiazepines. Here, we compared the antiseizure and neuroprotective efficacy of MDZ (5 mg/kg) with that of tezampanel (LY293558; 10 mg/kg), an AMPA/GluK1 receptor antagonist, administered 1 h after injection of the nerve agent, soman (1.2 × LD<sub>50</sub>), in adult male rats. Both of the anticonvulsants promptly stopped SE, with MDZ having a more rapid effect. However, SE reoccurred to a greater extent in the MDZ-treated group, resulting in a significantly longer total duration of SE within 24 h post-exposure compared with the LY293558-treated group. The neuroprotective efficacy of the two drugs was studied in the basolateral amygdala, 30 days post-exposure. Significant neuronal and inter-neuronal loss, reduced ratio of interneurons to the total number of neurons, and reduction in spontaneous inhibitory postsynaptic currents accompanied by increased anxiety were found in the MDZ-treated group. The rats treated with LY293558 did not differ from the control rats (not exposed to soman) in any of these measurements. Thus, LY293558 has significantly greater efficacy than midazolam in protecting against prolonged seizures and brain damage caused by acute nerve agent exposure.
Accurate and Cost-Effective Traffic Information Acquisition using Adaptive Sampling: Centralized and V2V Schemes (2017)

The new generation of GPS-based tolling systems allow for a much higher degree of road sensing than has been available up to now. We propose an adaptive sampling scheme to collect accurate real-time traffic information from large-scale implementations of on-board GPS-based devices over a road network. The goal of the system is to minimize the transmission costs over all vehicles while satisfying requirements in the accuracy and timeliness of the traffic information obtained. The system is designed to make use of cellular communication as well as leveraging additional technologies such as roadside units equipped with WiFi and vehicle-to-vehicle (V2V) dedicated short-range communications (DSRC). As opposed to fixed sampling schemes, which transmit at regular intervals, the sampling policy we propose is adaptive to the road network and the importance of the links that the vehicle traverses. Since cellular communications are costly, in the basic centralized scheme, the vehicle is not aware of the road conditions on the network. We extend the scheme to handle non-cellular communications via roadside units and vehicle-to-vehicle (V2V) communication. Under a general traffic model, we prove that our scheme always outperforms the baseline scheme in terms of transmission cost while satisfying accuracy and real-time requirements. Our analytical results are further supported via simulations based on actual road networks for both the centralized and V2V settings.
Structure and properties of lanthanide halides (2007)

Lanthanum and cerium bromides and chlorides form isomorphous alloy systems with the UCl<sub>3</sub> type structure. These scintillating alloys exhibit high luminosity and proportional response, making them the first scintillators comparable to room temperature semiconductors for gamma spectroscopy; Ce(III) activated lanthanum bromide has recently enabled scintillating gamma ray spectrometers with < 3% FWHM energy resolutions at 662 keV. However brittle fracture of these materials impedes development of large volume crystals. Low fracture stress and perfect cleavage along prismatic planes cause material cracking during and after crystal growth. These and other properties pose challenges for material production and post processing; therefore, understanding mechanical behavior is key to fabricating large single crystals, and engineering of robust detectors and systems. Recent progress on basic structure and properties of the lanthanide halides is reported here, including thermomechanical and thermogravimetric analyses, hygroscopicity, yield strength, and fracture toughness. Observations including reversible hydrate formation under atmospheric pressure, loss of stoichiometry at high temperature, anisotropic thermal expansion, reactivity towards common crucible materials, and crack initiation and propagation under applied loads are reported. The fundamental physical and chemical properties of this system introduce challenges for material processing, scale-up, and detector fabrication. Analysis of the symmetry and crystal structure of this system suggests possible mechanisms for deformation and crack initiation under stress. The low c/a ratio and low symmetry relative to traditional scintillators indicate limited and highly anisotropic plasticity cause redistribution of residual process stress to cleavage planes, initiating fracture. This proposed failure mechanism and its implications for scale up to large diameter crystal growth are also discussed.
Connexin 26 gene mutations in congenitally deaf children: pitfalls for genetic counseling. (2001)

Interpretation of results for the molecular diagnosis of mutations in the connexin 26 gene is difficult in almost one third of cases. Close collaboration between geneticists familiar with deafness and otolaryngologists is essential to provide a high standard of genetic advice.