gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Resonant tunneling diodes for switching applications (1989)

Rise times for simple pulse-forming circuits are presented. Switching times for present best devices are in the range of 5–15 ps. An equivalent circuit model for resonant tunneling diodes inclusive of space-charge effects and transit time effects in the depletion region is presented. From these models it is shown that switching times are limited by the device RC time constants and are relatively unaffected by the resonant state lifetime or depletion layer transit times. Appropriate figures of merit for switching applications are the device capacitance and peak current density. Less emphasis should be placed on improving the peak-to-valley ratio. Optimally designed devices which maximize the current density should be capable of switching in under 5 ps.
New quadrature mirror filter structures (1984)

This paper introduces new quadrature mirror filter (QMF) structures for the frequency domain analysis and synthesis of digital signals. The conventional QMF technique is first extended to cover complex quadrature mirror filters (CQMF) in which a digital signal is split into N adjacent complex subbands where the real and imaginary parts are subsampled by 1/2N with respect to the original signal. The computational complexity of QMF banks is then analyzed and a new scheme which reduces the computational complexity by about a factor of two over conventional QMF implementations is proposed. Finally, the filter design tradeoffs are discussed and the microprogramed implementation of QMF banks is evaluated.
Global estimation of anatomical connection strength in diffusion MRI tractography by message-passing (2011)

This paper addresses an important problem in diffusion weighted MRI tractography -the estimation of the anatomical strength of reconstructed neuronal fibers. Our method incorporates information on the amount of white matter in voxels (small areas of brain) with diffusion data and estimates structural strength of fibers globally, by considering all the fibers and all the voxels simultaneously. We achieve this by using a message-passing optimization procedure, specially tailored for this problem, that operates on a bipartite graph with nodes corresponding to fibers and voxels. New estimates of fiber strength allow derivation of new measures for quantifying anatomical connections between large gray matter regions. In this paper we propose two: Anatomical Connection Weight (ACW) and Normalized Connection Weight (NCW). The proposed methodology was applied on human data and tested for convergence and consistency.
In the <i>News</i> (2011)

Welcome to the January 2011 issue of C&RL News.Just as ACRL has started the process of creating a new strategic plan (see the News from the Field section for details), strategic planning is essential for academic and research libraries as they strive to demonstrate their value on campus.But the process can be somewhat overwhelming and daunting at times.Richard Wayne unravels "The academic library strategic planning puzzle" in this issue.Many libraries are including scholarly communication issues, such as open access and institutional repository support, in their plans.And not just large research institutions, as Jonathan Miller of Rollins College notes in his article "Open access and liberal arts colleges."Providing services to all student groups is integral to success at all types of institutions.Claire Walker and Amanda Click highlight "Meeting the reference expectations of ESL students," as they adjust to new cultures and education systems.Reaching out and relating to today's Millennial students can be a challenge.Anne
Development of New Cathepsin B Inhibitors: Combining Bioisosteric Replacements and Structure-Based Design To Explore the Structure–Activity Relationships of Nitroxoline Derivatives (2012)

Human cathepsin B has many house-keeping functions, such as protein turnover in lysosomes. However, dysregulation of its activity is associated with numerous diseases, including cancers. We present here the structure-based design and synthesis of new cathepsin B inhibitors using the cocrystal structure of 5-nitro-8-hydroxyquinoline in the cathepsin B active site. A focused library of over 50 compounds was prepared by modifying positions 5, 7, and 8 of the parent compound nitroxoline. The kinetic parameters and modes of inhibition were characterized, and the selectivities of the most promising inhibitors were determined. The best performing inhibitor 17 was effective in cell-based in vitro models of tumor invasion, where it significantly abrogated invasion of MCF-10A neoT cells. These data show that we have successfully explored the structure-activity relationships of nitroxoline derivatives to provide new inhibitors that could eventually lead to compounds with clinical usefulness against the deleterious effects of cathepsin B in cancer progression.
Rehabilitation Augments Hematoma Clearance and Attenuates Oxidative Injury and Ion Dyshomeostasis After Brain Hemorrhage (2016)

Rehabilitation accelerated clearance of toxic blood components and decreased chronic oxidative stress. As well, rehabilitation attenuated persistent ion dyshomeostasis. These novel effects may underlie rehabilitation-induced neuroprotection and improved recovery of function. Pharmacotherapies targeting these mechanisms may further improve outcome.
Deep Single-View 3D Object Reconstruction with Visual Hull Embedding (2019)

3D object reconstruction is a fundamental task of many robotics and AI problems. With the aid of deep convolutional neural networks (CNNs), 3D object reconstruction has witnessed a significant progress in recent years. However, possibly due to the prohibitively high dimension of the 3D object space, the results from deep CNNs are often prone to missing some shape details. In this paper, we present an approach which aims to preserve more shape details and improve the reconstruction quality. The key idea of our method is to leverage object mask and pose estimation from CNNs to assist the 3D shape learning by constructing a probabilistic singleview visual hull inside of the network. Our method works by first predicting a coarse shape as well as the object pose and silhouette using CNNs, followed by a novel 3D refinement CNN which refines the coarse shapes using the constructed probabilistic visual hulls. Experiment on both synthetic data and real images show that embedding a single-view visual hull for shape refinement can significantly improve the reconstruction quality by recovering more shapes details and improving shape consistency with the input image.
Vapour sensing using surface functionalized gold nanoparticles (2002)

The electrical and optical response of thin films of surface functionalized nanoparticles upon exposure to various chemical vapours has been studied. It was found that the electrical response to chemical vapours adsorbed on the various nanoparticle films varied markedly and was determined by the surface functional groups. Ellipsometric studies revealed that the film thickness increased during exposure to the chemical vapours. These thickness changes of the films correlate with the changes in electrical conductivity. Two physical effects are believed to play a role in determining these conductivity changes. Under high partial pressure, the change in nanoparticle core-core separation is the main contribution to the change in conductivity and generally leads to a reduction in the conductivity. However, for relatively low partial pressures the adsorption of vapour molecules leads to permittivity changes that tend to increase the conductivity.
TemporalBoost for event recognition (2005)

This paper contributes a new boosting paradigm to achieve detection of events in video. Previous boosting paradigms in vision focus on single frame detection and do not scale to video events. Thus new concepts need to be introduced to address questions such as determining if an event has occurred, localizing the event, handling same action performed at different speeds, incorporating previous classifier responses into current decision, using temporal consistency of data to aid detection and recognition. The proposed method has the capability to improve weak classifiers by allowing them to use previous history in evaluating the current frame. A learning mechanism built into the boosting paradigm is also given which allows event level decisions to be made. This is contrasted with previous work in boosting which uses limited higher level temporal reasoning and essentially makes object detection decisions at the frame level. Our approach makes extensive use of temporal continuity of video at the classifier and detector levels. We also introduce a relevant set of activity features. Features are evaluated at multiple zoom levels to improve detection. We show results for a system that is able to recognize 11 actions.
'mellifera': a mixed reality project (2010)

mellifera is an on-line interactive environment in Second Life which is linked to a series of real-time exhibitions in gallery and museum spaces. Central to this innovative, ecologically-sensitive artwork is the artists¿ direct engagement with various aspects of bee behaviour at Queensland Brain Institute, where researchers are investigating cognition, navigation and communication in the honey bee. The artists¿ poetic and scientific interactions with the bees inspired the development of mellifera¿s experimental human/computer interfaces that provide new modes of sensory experience for both virtual & real-world participants.
Mechanisms of Acute Eosinophil Mobilization from the Bone Marrow Stimulated by Interleukin 5: The Role of Specific Adhesion Molecules and Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinase (1998)

Mobilization of bone marrow eosinophils is a critical early step in their trafficking to the lung during allergic inflammatory reactions. We have shown previously that the cytokine interleukin (IL)-5, generated during an allergic inflammatory reaction in the guinea pig, acts systemically to mobilize eosinophils from the bone marrow. Here, we have investigated the mechanisms underlying this release process. Examination by light and electron microscopy revealed the rapid migration of eosinophils from the hematopoietic compartment and across the bone marrow sinus endothelium in response to IL-5. Using an in situ perfusion system of the guinea pig hind limb, we showed that IL-5 stimulated a dose-dependent selective release of eosinophils from the bone marrow. Eosinophils released from the bone marrow in response to IL-5 expressed increased levels of beta2 integrin and a decrease in L-selectin, but no change in alpha4 integrin levels. A beta2 integrin-blocking antibody markedly inhibited the mobilization of eosinophils from the bone marrow stimulated by IL-5. In contrast, an alpha4 integrin blocking antibody increased the rate of eosinophil mobilization induced by IL-5. In vitro we demonstrated that IL-5 stimulates the selective chemokinesis of bone marrow eosinophils, a process markedly inhibited by two structurally distinct inhibitors of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase, wortmannin and LY294002. Wortmannin was also shown to block eosinophil release induced by IL-5 in the perfused bone marrow system. The parallel observations on the bone marrow eosinophil release process and responses in isolated eosinophils in vitro suggest that eosinophil chemokinesis is the driving force for release in vivo and that this release process is regulated by alpha4 and beta2 integrins acting in opposite directions.
Involvement of p38 in Apoptosis-associated Membrane Blebbing and Nuclear Condensation (2001)

The stress-activated protein kinase p38 is often induced by cytotoxic agents, but its contribution to cell death is ill defined. In Rat-1 cells, we found a strong correlation between activation of p38 and induction of c-Myc-dependent apoptosis. In cells with deregulated c-Myc expression but not in control cells, cis-diamminedichloroplatinum induced p38 activity and typical features of apoptosis, including internucleosomal DNA degradation, induction of caspase activities, and both nuclear (nuclear condensation and fragmentation) and extranuclear (cell blebbing) morphological alterations. The pan-caspase inhibitor N-benzyloxycarbonyl-Val-Ala-Asp-fluoromethylketone did not block p38 activation and the p38 inhibitor SB203580 had no detectable effect on the activation of caspases or the in vivo cleavage of several caspase substrates, suggesting that p38 and caspase activation can contribute distinct features of apoptosis. Accordingly, we found that cell blebbing was independent of caspase activity and, rather, depended on p38-sensitive changes in microfilament dynamics likely mediated by heat shock protein 27 phosphorylation. Furthermore, p38 activity contributed to both caspase-dependent and caspase-independent nuclear condensation and fragmentation, suggesting a role in an early event triggering both mechanisms of apoptosis or sensitizing the cells to the action of both types of apoptosis executioners. Inhibiting p38 also resulted in a significant enhancement in cell survival estimated by colony formation. This capacity to modulate the sensitivity to apoptosis in cells with deregulated c-Myc expression suggests an important role for p38 in tumor cell killing by chemotherapeutic agents.
WINDeyeSORe. 22 January 2010 (2010)

The cartoon shows a very tall windmill towering above a row of little houses all of which have television aerials on their rooves. Text reads 'WINDSOR' with small 'eye' to be inserted between the 'd' and the 's' and a little 'e' to be added to the end. Refers to a protest by the residents in the suburb of Windsor in Invercargill over the erection of a cell-phone tower. There is a wordplay on 'Windsor' and 'wind eyesore'. 
Quantity: 1 digital cartoon(s).
Suppression of SBS in a photonic crystal fiber with periodically-varied core diameter (2011)

We experimentally demonstrate 7 dB improvement in Brillouin suppression in a photonic crystal fiber by periodically varying the size of the air-hole-structure by only 7 % amplitude while keeping a low attenuation coefficient.
Effects of oxide seed and cap layers on magnetic properties of a synthetic spin valve (2001)

A synthetic spin valve comprising Al2O3/Ni–Cr–Fe/Ni–Fe/Pt–Mn/Co–Fe/Ru/Co–Fe/Cu/Co–Fe/Ni–Fe/Cu/Al2O3/Ta films has been annealed and evaluated as a read sensor for ultrahigh-density (⩾20 Gb/in.2) recording. The Al2O3 film used as its oxide seed layer provides an in situ flat surface for the Pt–Mn, Co–Fe and Ni–Fe films to develop strong {111} crystalline textures, thereby increasing its giant magnetoresistance coefficient to as high as 13.8%. Another Al2O3 film used as its oxide cap layer protects the Co–Fe/Ni–Fe sense layers from interface mixing and oxygen interdiffusion, thus improving the soft magnetic properties and thermal stability of the sense layers. Antiferromagnetic/ferromagnetic coupling between the Pt–Mn pinning and Co–Fe/Ru/Co–Fe synthetic pinned layers is strong and thermally stable enough for proper sensor operation. Ferromagnetic/ferromagnetic coupling across the Cu spacer layer is antiparallel, and hence it is feasible to achieve optimal biasing of magnetoresistance responses. This synthetic spin valve is sandwiched into a read gap 0.1 μm in thickness, and is patterned and lapped into a read sensor 0.42 and 0.23 μm in physical width and height, respectively. With a sense current of 4 mA, this read sensor exhibits an effective read width of 0.31 μm, stable magnetoresistance responses, and signal sensitivity of 6.64 mV/μm.
Driver Inattention Monitoring System for Intelligent Vehicles: A Review (2011)

In this paper, we review the state-of-the-art technologies for driver inattention monitoring, which can be classified into the following two main categories: 1) distraction and 2) fatigue. Driver inattention is a major factor in most traffic accidents. Research and development has actively been carried out for decades, with the goal of precisely determining the drivers' state of mind. In this paper, we summarize these approaches by dividing them into the following five different types of measures: 1) subjective report measures; 2) driver biological measures; 3) driver physical measures; 4) driving performance measures; and 5) hybrid measures. Among these approaches, subjective report measures and driver biological measures are not suitable under real driving conditions but could serve as some rough ground-truth indicators. The hybrid measures are believed to give more reliable solutions compared with single driver physical measures or driving performance measures, because the hybrid measures minimize the number of false alarms and maintain a high recognition rate, which promote the acceptance of the system. We also discuss some nonlinear modeling techniques commonly used in the literature.
Acoustic Detection and Monitoring for Transportation Infrastructure Security (2009)

Acoustical methods have been extensively used to locate, identify, and track objects underwater. Some of these applications include detecting and tracking submarines, marine mammal detection and identification, detection of mines and ship wrecks and identification of the types of sediments in sea bottom. Sonar technology has also been used in bathymetric surveys and bottom imaging of bridge sites. This study is to demonstrate and test a method based on sonar technology to detect and identify swimmers and other potential objects underwater in the vicinity of transportation infrastructure such as port facilities and bridges. The underwater environment near these vital facilities is poorly monitored and is a potential route for hostile activities. Acoustics is the most effective tool for monitoring this environment because of sound’s ability to propagate long distance in water. The forward looking sonar technology developed by Farsounder, Inc. will be used for this study. The tests will be carried out at selected bridge locations or at locations closely resembling them. The successful demonstration of this capability will be very significant to monitoring the safety and security of bridges as well as a variety of other water side installations.
Evaluation of requirements for Volt/Var control and optimization function in distribution management systems (2012)

To meet the requirement from new visions within “smart grid” and to provide solutions for many challenges that DSOs (Distribution System Operators) are facing today, we need to develop advanced DMS (Distribution Management System) applications. A centralized Volt/Var Control (VVC) is one of the most desirable and important functions within Distribution Automation systems and DMSs. The overall Volt/Var control function is concerned with maintaining system voltage profile within a desired range and minimizing system losses by controlling the reactive power flow. The main objective of this paper is to review and evaluate the existing and recent techniques and algorithms for advanced VVC applications and identify the requirements for integrated Volt/Var control and optimization function in distribution management systems within the smart grid concepts.
Hypoxic preconditioning preserves antioxidant reserve in the working rat heart (1995)

Hypoxic preconditioning enhances functional recovery and reduces cell necrosis following global ischaemia in the working rat heart. This phenomenon may, in part, be mediated through enhanced ascorbate and thiol components of the antioxidant reserve.
Characterization of Recombinant Monoclonal Antithyrotropin Receptor Antibodies (TSHRAbs) Derived from Lymphocytes of Patients with Graves’ Disease: Epitope and Binding Study of Two Stimulatory TSHRAbs* (1999)

Anti-TSH receptor autoantibodies (TSHRAbs) are known to be involved in Graves' disease. To elucidate the molecular mechanism of the pathogenesis of Graves' disease, we previously isolated and reconstituted the Ig genes of two B cell clones (101-2 and B6B7) producing a monoclonal thyroid-stimulating antibody (TSAb), a stimulating type of TSHRAb, obtained from patients with Graves' disease. In the present study, we produced a large amount of recombinant monoclonal TSAbs in eukariotic cells using these genes and characterized them. First, we tried to identify their epitopes in the TSHR, by using a panel of mutants of the extracellular domain of the TSH receptor (TSHR). Substantial cell surface expression level of each mutant was confirmed by fluorescence-activated cell sorter analysis using a TSHRAb. Mutations in the N-terminal (but not C-terminal) region of the extracellular domain of TSHR abrogated or reduced TSAb activities of both antibodies, whereas they had opposite effects on TSH activity; cAMP generation by 101-2 significantly decreased in the receptors mutated in amino acids 52-56 and 58-61, and that by B6B7 decreased in amino acids 34-37 and 58-61. Secondly, purified antibodies were radiolabeled and tested for binding to cells expressing high levels of TSHR. Although their affinities were lower than that of TSH, their binding was not displaced by TSH. The antibody binding was not mutually competitive. These findings suggest that these antibodies interact with the N-terminal region of the receptor and transduce a signal through binding sites different from TSH. We believe that this is the first report of the characterization of human monoclonal TSHRAbs on their epitopes and bindings, confirming previous reports using patient sera or murine monoclonal antibodies.
Thermocline Energy Storage in the Solar One Power Plant: An Experimentally Validated Thermomechanical Investigation (2011)

The growing interest in large-scale solar power production has led to a renewed exploration of thermal storage technologies. In a thermocline storage system, heat transfer fluid (HTF) from the collection field is simultaneously stored at both excited and dead thermal states inside a single tank. A granulated porous medium included in the tank provides thermal mass for storage and reduces the amount of HTF volume required. While the thermocline offers a low-cost storage option, thermal ratcheting of the tank wall (generated by filler material reorientation from continuous thermal cycling) poses a significant design concern. A comprehensive simulation of the 170 MWht thermocline tank used in conjunction with the Solar One pilot plant is performed with a multi-dimensional two-temperature computational fluid dynamics model. In operation from 1982 to 1986, this tank was subject to extensive instrumentation, including multiple strain gages along the tank wall to monitor hoop stress. Temperature profiles along the wall material are extracted from the simulation results to compute hoop stress via finite element models and compared with the original gage data. While the strain gages experienced large uncertainty, the stresses computed from the simulation agree reasonably well with the experimental measurements. The maximum predicted hoop stress agrees to within 6.8% of the maximum stress recorded by the most reliable strain gages.