gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Prediction of Test Pattern Count and Test Data Volume for Scan Architectures under Different Input Channel Configurations (2020)

As the complexity of industrial integrated circuits continue to increase rapidly, test data compression has now become a de facto technology for large designs to reduce the overall test cost. During the design for test (DFT) planning, it is critical to understand the impact of using different numbers of input/output test channels on test coverage, test cycles, and test data volume. In this paper, two approaches to predict the test pattern counts and test data volumes with different input channel counts are presented, one with the compression tool able to generate channel-scaling patterns and the other without this capability. The results can be used to determine the scan test configuration that results in the smallest or near smallest test data volume. Experiments on industrial circuits show that the average error rates of pattern count prediction for most circuits are less than 10% for both approaches. The error rates of the predicted smallest data volumes are all less than 3.5%. The total ATPG run time can be reduced by a factor of more than 10X compared to the currently used trial-and-error approach.
Status Report on UV Waterworks: Water Disinfection for the Developing World (1997)

About one billion people worldwide lack access to safe drinking water, and this number is increasing. UV Waterworks is an ultraviolet water disinfection device designed specifically for the purpose of providing safe drinking water to communities in the developing world. The device renders harmless ("deactivates") the bacterial and viral content of surface water or groundwater, improving the chance for infants to avoid the diarrheal diseases that, according to UNICEF studies, killed 3.8 million children under age 5 in 1993.
Volumetric phase imaging using Fourier ptychography (2016)

Fourier ptychography uses angularly varying illumination and post-processing algorithms to create gigapixel images. Here, we extend this work to measure the 3D refractive index profile of thick specimens at high resolution. Article not available.
Multi-band OFDM: a new approach for UWB (2004)

In this paper, a multi-band OFDM (MB-OFDM) system for ultra-wideband communication is described. In this system, the UWB spectrum is divided into bands that are 528 MHz wide and the data is transmitted across the bands using a time-frequency code. Within each subbands using a time-frequency code. Within each subband, an OFDM modulation scheme is used to transmit the information. An overview of the MB-OFDM system and various systems design consideration are discussed. In addition, the performance results in realistic multi-path environments are provided for the MB-OFDM.
Desaturase Genes And Their Use (Patent WO 1999/027111 A1) (1999)

cDNA encoding C. elegans DELTA <6> desaturase has been cloned and sequenced, and the DELTA <6> desaturase amino acid sequence has been determined. The C. elegans DELTA <6> desaturase has a surprisingly low level of sequence identity with the known borage DELTA <6> desaturase. The C. elegans DELTA <6> desaturase has been expressed in yeast. It and other desaturases can be cloned in host organisms (e.g. plants) and can be used to provide useful metabolites.
ChemInform Abstract: Inhibitors of Cholesterol Biosynthesis. Part 2. 1,3,5‐Trisubstituted (2‐(Tetrahydro‐4‐hydroxy‐2‐oxopyran‐6‐yl)ethyl)pyrazoles. (1990)

Abstract Cyclocondensation of the substituted 1,3‐diketone (III) with aromatic hydrazines such as (IV) yields a mixture of the regioisomeric pyrazoles (V) and (VI).
A large sample volume magic angle spinning nuclear magnetic resonance probe for in situ investigations with constant flow of reactants (2011)

A large-sample-volume constant-flow magic angle sample spinning (CF-MAS) NMR probe is reported for in situ studies of the reaction dynamics, stable intermediates/transition states, and mechanisms of catalytic reactions. In our approach, the reactants are introduced into the catalyst bed using a fixed tube at one end of the MAS rotor while a second fixed tube, linked to a vacuum pump, is attached at the other end of the rotor. The pressure difference between both ends of the catalyst bed inside the sample cell space forces the reactants flowing through the catalyst bed, which improves the diffusion of the reactants and products. This design allows the use of a large sample volume for enhanced sensitivity and thus permitting in situ(13)C CF-MAS studies at natural abundance. As an example of application, we show that reactants, products and reaction transition states associated with the 2-butanol dehydration reaction over a mesoporous silicalite supported heteropoly acid catalyst (HPA/meso-silicalite-1) can all be detected in a single (13)C CF-MAS NMR spectrum at natural abundance. Coke products can also be detected at natural (13)C abundance and under the stopped flow condition. Furthermore, (1)H CF-MAS NMR is used to identify the surface functional groups of HPA/meso-silicalite-1 under the condition of in situ drying. We also show that the reaction dynamics of 2-butanol dehydration using HPA/meso-silicalite-1 as a catalyst can be explored using (1)H CF-MAS NMR.
Photophysics and Light-Activated Biocidal Activity of Visible-Light-Absorbing Conjugated Oligomers (2013)

The photophysical properties of three cationic π-conjugated oligomers were correlated with their visible light activated biocidal activity vs S. aureus. The oligomers contain three arylene units (terthiophene, 4a; thiophene-benzotriazole-thiophene, 4b; thiophene-benzothiadiazole-thiophene, 4c) capped on each end by cationic -(CH2)3NMe3(+) groups. The oligomers absorb in the visible region due to their donor-acceptor-donor electronic structure. Oligomers 4a and 4b have high intersystem crossing and singlet oxygen sensitization efficiency, but 4c has a very low intersystem crossing efficiency and it does not sensitize singlet oxygen. The biocidal activity of the oligomers under visible light varies in the order 4a > 4b ≈ 4c.
WE‐E‐108‐04: X‐Ray Fluorescence Imaging Guided Microbeam Radiation Therapy (2013)

Purpose: We demonstrate the feasibility of x‐ray fluorescence for quick and accurate image guidance for targeted irradiation of small animal tumor models in Microbeam Radiation Therapy (MRT). Methods: A reduced‐dose treatment beam excites x‐ray fluorescence from contrast agents preferentially‐accumulating at tumor sites. Intensity profiles of the fluorescence signal are mapped as the mouse injected with the contrast agent is moved through the field of view. The tumor location is identified as the regions with high fluorescence intensities. For this feasibility study, our compact small‐animal MRT system and a mouse head phantom were used. The MRT device uses a carbon nanotube (CNT) field emission x‐ray source array operating at 160kVp and adjustable‐width external collimator to generate microbeam radiation at a microbeam dose rate of ∼1Gy/min. A phantom consisting of an acrylic rod inserted into a mouse skull accurately represents the attenuation of the head. The rod contains ∼1.5mm diameter holes separated by 4mm, filled with 12mg/mL iodine solution, similar to the reported tumor concentration from IC injection. The phantom was translated through the treatment beam in 600um steps, 20 seconds per step. The fluorescence signal was recorded using a slit‐collimated spectrum analyzer. Results: Processed spectra displayed fluorescent intensity peaks corresponding with locations of iodine solution in the phantom. The FWHMs of these peaks are 1.78mm and 1.72mm. The actual diameters of corresponding regions are 1.56mm and 1.47mm, indicating ∼250um uncertainty. Conclusion: Preliminary results demonstrated feasibility of x‐ray fluorescence for guidance in MRT. The acquisition time for a 15mm head phantom is ∼8 minutes, within the reported retention time of the contrast agent. ∼250um uncertainty is comparable to results from our in vivo brain tumor‐bearing mouse experiment using MRI and x‐ray image guidance. The x‐ray fluorescent method is substantially faster. The process will be further optimized and validated with in‐vivo studies.
Vibrational Fluorescence of C<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mml:mrow><mml:msup><mml:mrow><mml:mi mathvariant="normal">N</mml:mi></mml:mrow><mml:mrow><mml:mo>−</mml:mo></mml:mrow></mml:msup></mml:mrow></mml:math>Defects in KCl Excited by Coupling to Optically Pumped<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mml:mi>F</mml:mi></mml:math>Centers (1983)

Vibrational emission from molecular defects in ionic crystals has been observed for the first time, realized by dilute C${\mathrm{N}}^{\ensuremath{-}}$ defects in KCl which emit a long-lifetime fluorescence at 4.8 \ensuremath{\mu}m. After association of $F$ centers to the C${\mathrm{N}}^{\ensuremath{-}}$ defects, the emission can be pumped efficiently by optical $F$-center excitation through electronic-vibrational coupling. This coupling is confirmed through Raman experiments. Relative intensity, emission spectra, and lifetime data as a function of crystal temperature are reported for the 4.8\ensuremath{\mu}m emission.
Method for energy utilization in producing synthesis gas and recovering unconverted carbon. [from partial oxidation gasification of hydrocarbonaceous materials including liquid hydrocarbons and their mixtures with carbonaceous materials] (1979)

The effluent gas stream from a partial oxidation gas generator is scrubbed with water. A dispersion of particulate carbon and water is produced, mixed with a liquid organic extractant, and separated in a decanter. The overhead stream from the decanter, comprising a dispersion of carbon in the liquid organic extractant, together with small amounts of water, is mixed with extraction oil and heated in a vaporizing operation to produce a vaporized overhead mixture, comprising substantially all of the water and liquid organic extractant, and an unvaporized liquid bottoms dispersion of carbon in extraction oil containing only a minor amount of water and liquid organic extractant. The bottoms dispersion is passed into a steam stripper in counterflow with stripping steam. The overhead from the steam stripper, in admixture with 0 to 100 volume % of the overhead from the vaporizing operation is cooled and condensed to separate water and liquid organic extractant by indirect heat exchange in at least two and preferably three separate heat exchange or condensing zones in series, with a different coolant in each zone. Liquid organic extractant and air or water are coolants in two of the zones and the coolant for any remaining zone is selectedmore » from the group: (a) at least a portion of carbon/liquid organic extractant/water dispersion overhead from the decanter, (b) at least a portion of the extraction oil, and (c) mixtures of (a) and (b). The bottoms stream from the steam stripper, comprising carbon and extraction oil may be mixed with hydrocarbonaceous feed and pumped into the gas generator with or without further heating.« less
Dynamic Network Embeddings: From Random Walks to Temporal Random Walks (2018)

Networks evolve continuously over time with the addition, deletion, and changing of links and nodes. Although many networks contain this type of temporal information, the majority of research in network representation learning has focused on static snapshots of the graph and has largely ignored the temporal dynamics of the network. In this work, we describe a general framework for incorporating temporal information into network embedding methods. The framework gives rise to methods for learning time-respecting embeddings from continuous-time dynamic networks. Overall, the experiments demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed framework and dynamic network embedding approach as it achieves an average gain of 11.9% across all methods and graphs. The results indicate that modeling temporal dependencies in graphs is important for learning appropriate and meaningful network representations.
Failure Diagnosis System for Absorption Chiller/Heater. (1995)

Recently, the absorption chiller/heater is attracting interest because it delivers airconditioning without using fluorocarbons. Practically, it requires periodical or non-periodical maintenance. It is difficult to detect failures except in summertime with large refrigerant load and, moreover, human expertise is needed for discrimination of their origin. This paper reports on a system that automatically predicts the possibility of failures and discriminates their origins, regardless of the driving situation.
Robust monitoring of link delays and faults in IP networks (2004)

In this paper, we develop failure-resilient techniques for monitoring link delays and faults in a service provider or enterprise IP network. Our two-phased approach attempts to minimize both the monitoring infrastructure costs as well as the additional traffic due to probe messages. In the first phase of our approach, we compute the locations of a minimal set of monitoring stations such that all network links are covered, even in the presence of several link failures. Subsequently, in the second phase, we compute a minimal set of probe messages that are transmitted by the stations to measure link delays and isolate network faults. We show that both the station selection problem as well as the probe assignment problem are NP-hard. We then propose greedy approximation algorithms that achieve a logarithmic approximation factor for the station selection problem and a constant factor for the probe assignment problem. These approximation ratios are provably very close to the best possible bounds for any algorithm.
Characterization of Carbon-Supported AuPt Nanoparticles for Electrocatalytic Methanol Oxidation Reaction (2006)

In view of the recent finding that the bimetallic AuPt nanoparticles prepared by molecular-capping-based colloidal synthesis and subsequent assembly on carbon black support and thermal activation treatment exhibit alloy properties, which is in sharp contrast to the bimetallic miscibility gap known for the bulk counterparts in a wide composition range, there is a clear need to assess the electrocatalytic properties of the catalysts prepared with different bimetallic composition and different thermal treatment temperatures. This paper reports recent results of such an investigation of the electrocatalytic methanol oxidation reaction (MOR) activities of the carbon-supported AuPt nanoparticle catalysts with different bimetallic composition and thermal treatment temperatures. Au(m)Pt(100)(-)(m) nanoparticles of 2-3 nm core sizes with different atomic compositions ranging from 10% to 90% Au (m = 10 approximately 90) have been synthesized by controlling the feeding of the metal precursors used in the synthesis. The electrocatalytic MOR activities of the carbon-supported AuPt bimetallic catalysts were characterized in alkaline electrolytes. The catalysts with 65% to 85% Au and treated at 500 degrees C were found to exhibit maximum electrocatalytic activities in the alkaline electrolytes. The findings, together with a comparison with some well-documented catalysts as well as recent experimental and theoretical modeling results, have revealed important insights into the participation of CO(ad) and OH(ad) on Au sites in the catalytic reaction of Pt in the AuPt alloys with approximately 75% Au. The insights are useful for understanding the correlation of the bifunctional electrocatalytic activity of the bimetallic nanoparticle catalysts with the bimetallic composition and the thermal treatment temperatures.
ATP-EMTP investigation of a new fault location method for multi-terminal power lines (2007)

This paper presents a new method for locating faults on multi-terminal power lines. Estimation of a distance to fault and indication of a faulted section is performed using three- phase current from all (n) terminals and additionally three-phase voltage from the terminal at which a fault locator is installed. The fault location algorithm consists of (2n-3) subroutines designated for locating faults within particular line sections and a procedure for indicating the faulted line section. Testing and evaluation of the algorithm has been performed with fault data obtained from comprehensive ATP-EMTP simulations. Sample results of the evaluation are reported and discussed.
Frequency-switched heterodyne cavity ringdown spectroscopy (2000)

When the frequency of light coupled into a cavity is suddenly shifted, the radiation emanating from the input port of the previously excited cavity can beat with the reflection of the frequency-shifted input on the surface of a photodetector. When the beat frequency is stable, the time decay of the resulting optical heterodyne signal can be used to measure intracavity absorption spectra with near quantum-limited sensitivity.
Estimation of the Doppler Coefficient from a Lower Power Transient Observed in a Zero-Power Reactor Physics Test of a PWR (I) —Methodology— (2009)

A method for estimating the Doppler coefficient from low power transient data that are measured in a routine experiment conducted in a zero-power reactor physics test of a PWR power plant has been developed. A dynamics identification model was introduced by considering two dynamics components for reactor kinetics and heat removal in the primary coolant loops. The dynamics identification method in the time domain was applied under consideration that the effect of reactivity feedback observed in the experiment was very small and measured transient data contained some intermittent intervals unavailable for dynamics identification. Unknown parameters, including the Doppler coefficient, contained in the dynamics model were determined stepwise through five estimation steps. In these steps, gamma ray noises were removed from the NIS signal, the reactivity feedback component was extracted from reactivity transient, and fuel temperature transient was determined in such way as to reproduce the observed low power transient in the digital simulation. In the final step, the Doppler coefficient was estimated from the extracted reactivity feedback component using the quantities evaluated in the preceding steps. The estimated value agreed well with the value evaluated with a core design code.
A Constrained Line Search Optimization for Discriminative Training in Speech Recognition (2007)

In this paper, we propose a novel constrained line search to optimize the MMEE objective function for training discriminative HMMs. In our method, the MMI estimation is cast as a constrained maximization problem, where Kullback-Leibler divergence between models before and after parameters adjustment is introduced as a constraint during optimization. Then, based on the idea of line search, we show that a simple, closed-form solution can be derived under some approximation assumptions. The proposed optimization method have been investigated in two speech recognition tasks: TIDIGITS and Switchboard (mini-train). Experimental results show that the new training method achieves significant word error rate reduction when comparing with our best MLE models, i.e., relatively 63.8% on TIDIGITS and 6.1% on the Switchboard mini-train set, respectively. Our results also show that the constrained line search method consistently outperforms the popular EBW method in both tasks.
Automated segmentation of retinal layer boundaries and capillary plexuses in wide-field optical coherence tomographic angiography (2018)

Advances in the retinal layer segmentation of structural optical coherence tomography (OCT) images have allowed the separation of capillary plexuses in OCT angiography (OCTA). With the increased scanning speeds of OCT devices and wider field images (≥10 mm on fast-axis), greater retinal curvature and anatomic variations have introduced new challenges. In this study, we developed a novel automated method to segment seven retinal layer boundaries and two retinal plexuses in wide-field OCTA images. The algorithm was initialized by a series of points forming a guidance point array that estimates the location of retinal layer boundaries. A guided bidirectional graph search method consisting of an improvement of our previous segmentation algorithm was used to search for the precise boundaries. We validated the method on normal and diseased eyes, demonstrating subpixel accuracy for all groups. By allowing independent visualization of the superficial and deep plexuses, this method shows potential for the detection of plexus-specific peripheral vascular abnormalities.
An Algorithm Used for Ventricular Fibrillation Detection Without Interrupting Chest Compression (2011)

Ventricular fibrillation (VF) is the primary arrhythmic event in the majority of patients suffering from sudden cardiac arrest. Attention has been focused on this particular rhythm since it is recognized that prompt therapy, especially electrical defibrillation, may lead to a successful outcome. However, current versions of automated external defibrillators (AEDs) mandate repetitive interruptions of chest compression for rhythm analyses since artifacts produced by chest compression during cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) preclude reliable electrocardiographic (ECG) rhythm analysis. Yet, repetitive interruptions in chest compression are detrimental to the success of defibrillation. The capability for rhythm analysis without requiring "hands-off" intervals will allow for more effective resuscitation. In this paper, a novel continuous-wavelet-transformation-based morphology consistency evaluation algorithm was developed for the detection of disorganized VF from organized sinus rhythm (SR) without interrupting the ongoing chest compression. The performance of this method was evaluated on both uncorrupted and corrupted ECG signals recorded from AEDs obtained from out-of-hospital victims of cardiac arrest. A total of 232 patients and 31,092 episodes of either VF or SR were accessed, in which 8195 episodes were corrupted by artifacts produced by chest compressions. We also compared the performance of this method with three other established algorithms, including VF filter, spectrum analysis, and complexity measurement. Even though there was a modest decrease in specificity and accuracy when chest compression artifact was present, the performance of this method was still superior to other reported methods for VF detection during uninterrupted CPR.
Glass Inlet Splitter for Gas Chromatography (1975)

An inlet splitter is described in which injection, vaporization, mixing, expansion and splitting occur in a glass insert. The insert is removable for cleaning and silylation; the latter can be accomplished in situ. Data are presented indicating a high degree of reproducibility over split ratios ranging from 1:100 to 1:750. At split ratios lower than ca. 1:200, discrimination factors are evident. At split ratios above this value, the integrator response for individual components of the C6-C19 hydrocarbon test mixture compared favorably with values obtained with a packed column operating with no splitting, and with calculated theoretical values.