gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
High Speed Modified Booth Encoder Multiplier for Signed and Unsigned Numbers (2012)

This paper presents the design and implementation of signed-unsigned Modified Booth Encoding (SUMBE) multiplier. The present Modified Booth Encoding (MBE) multiplier and the Baugh-Wooley multiplier perform multiplication operation on signed numbers only. The array multiplier and Braun array multipliers perform multiplication operation on unsigned numbers only. Thus, the requirement of the modern computer system is a dedicated and very high speed unique multiplier unit for signed and unsigned numbers. Therefore, this paper presents the design and implementation of SUMBE multiplier. The modified Booth Encoder circuit generates half the partial products in parallel. By extending sign bit of the operands and generating an additional partial product the SUMBE multiplier is obtained. The Carry Save Adderr (CSA) tree and the final Carry Look ahead (CLA) adder used to speed up the multiplier operation. Since signed and unsigned multiplication operation is performed by the same multiplier unit the required hardware and the chip area reduces and this in turn reduces power dissipation and cost of a system.
Effects of heat shock, heat shock protein 40 (HDJ-2), and proteasome inhibition on protein aggregation in cellular models of Huntington's disease (2000)

Huntington's disease (HD), spinocerebellar ataxias types 1 and 3 (SCA1, SCA3), and spinobulbar muscular atrophy (SBMA) are caused by CAG/polyglutamine expansion mutations. A feature of these diseases is ubiquitinated intraneuronal inclusions derived from the mutant proteins, which colocalize with heat shock proteins (HSPs) in SCA1 and SBMA and proteasomal components in SCA1, SCA3, and SBMA. Previous studies suggested that HSPs might protect against inclusion formation, because overexpression of HDJ-2/HSDJ (a human HSP40 homologue) reduced ataxin-1 (SCA1) and androgen receptor (SBMA) aggregate formation in HeLa cells. We investigated these phenomena by transiently transfecting part of huntingtin exon 1 in COS-7, PC12, and SH-SY5Y cells. Inclusion formation was not seen with constructs expressing 23 glutamines but was repeat length and time dependent for mutant constructs with 43-74 repeats. HSP70, HSP40, the 20S proteasome and ubiquitin colocalized with inclusions. Treatment with heat shock and lactacystin, a proteasome inhibitor, increased the proportion of mutant huntingtin exon 1-expressing cells with inclusions. Thus, inclusion formation may be enhanced in polyglutamine diseases, if the pathological process results in proteasome inhibition or a heat-shock response. Overexpression of HDJ-2/HSDJ did not modify inclusion formation in PC12 and SH-SY5Y cells but increased inclusion formation in COS-7 cells. To our knowledge, this is the first report of an HSP increasing aggregation of an abnormally folded protein in mammalian cells and expands the current understanding of the roles of HDJ-2/HSDJ in protein folding.
Particulate matter prediction using ANFIS modelling techniques (2015)

Recent studies on air pollution emphasized particulate matter impact on human health and climate changes. This impact generated a trend for developing research projects which deal with monitoring and forecasting air quality. This paper fits into this trend and presents an ANFIS (adaptive neuro-fuzzy inference system) modelling approach to predict particulate matter concentration for short terms. The ANFIS technique was tested for three data sets covering all seasons specific to urban areas from Romania. The data sets type imposed the fuzzy inference system generating method and the optimization method. The resulted prediction model can be used to warn the population when the PM concentration exceeds standard limits, and also to extract useful data for knowledge-based modelling.
PASCAL Boundaries: A Class-Agnostic Semantic Boundary Dataset (2015)

In this paper, we address the boundary detection task motivated by the ambiguities in current definition of edge detection. To this end, we generate a large database consisting of more than 10k images (which is 20x bigger than existing edge detection databases) along with ground truth boundaries between 459 semantic classes including both foreground objects and different types of background, and call it the PASCAL Boundaries dataset, which will be released to the community. In addition, we propose a novel deep network-based multi-scale semantic boundary detector and name it Multi-scale Deep Semantic Boundary Detector (M-DSBD). We provide baselines using models that were trained on edge detection and show that they transfer reasonably to the task of boundary detection. Finally, we point to various important research problems that this dataset can be used for.
Video stabilization for robot eye using IMU-aided feature tracker (2010)

In this paper, new video stabilization system is presented for robot eye. This system is biologically inspired by the human vestibulo-ocular reflex. Feature tracker with inertial sensor is proposed to estimate the motion more accurately and fast. The rotational motion measured by the inertial sensor is incorporated into the KLT tracker in order to predict a position of feature in current frame. This IMU-aided tracker improves a success rate and reduces an iteration number in tracking feature. Also, a Kalman filter is applied to remove unwanted camera motion. The experimental results show that the proposed video stabilization system has the characteristics of the high speed and accuracy in various conditions.
Efficient Multimedia Content Delivery over Cooperative 3G and Broadcasting Networks (2006)

As wireless communications are enhanced towards "beyond 3G" (B3G), multicast transmission is attracting more and more attention because it offers a more cost-effective provision of the multimedia content than the traditional unicast transmission. In this context, a problem emerges regarding the multimedia content delivery in a B3G environment, as users are reachable through several overlapping wireless access networks, which potentially are multicast-enabled. A mechanism is proposed in this paper to address this problem. The objective is to determine the best access network and the QoS level for each user in order to maximize the overall utilities in the system. This is achieved by three functions, namely, service scheduling (SS), network selection (NS) and QoS adaptation (QoSA), SS utilizes multicast transmission capability to save radio resource by scheduling a copy of the multimedia content to a group of users. NS and QoSA enable intelligent network resource allocation in overlapping multicast-enabled networks while respecting users' preferences and QoS expectation. Simulation results confirm the significant benefit of the proposed mechanism.
Histone Deacetylase Inhibitors Dose-Dependently Switch Neutrophil Death from NETosis to Apoptosis (2019)

Acetylation is an important post translational modification of histone that plays a role in regulation of physiological and pathological process in the body. We have recently shown that the inhibition of histone deacetylases (HDAC) by low concentrations of HDAC inhibitors (HDACis), belinostat (up to 0.25 µM) and panobinostat (up to 0.04 µM) promote histone acetylation (e.g., AcH4) and neutrophil extracellular trap formation (NETosis). Clinical use of belinostat and panobinostat often leads to neutropenia and the in vivo concentrations vary with time and tissue locations. However, the effects of different concentrations of these HDACis on neutrophil death are not fully understood. We considered that increasing concentrations of belinostat and panobinostat could alter the type of neutrophil death. To test this hypothesis, we treated human neutrophils with belinostat and panobinostat in the presence or absence of agonists that promote NOX-dependent NETosis (phorbol myristate acetate or lipopolysaccharide from <i>Escherichia coli</i> 0128) and NOX-independent NETosis (calcium ionophores A23187 or ionomycin from <i>Streptomyces conglobatus</i>). Increasing concentrations of HDACis induced histone acetylation in a dose-dependent manner. ROS analyses showed that increasing concentrations of HDACis, increased the degree of NOX-derived ROS production. Higher levels (>1 µM belinostat and >0.2 µM panobinostat) of AcH4 resulted in a significant inhibition of spontaneous as well as the NOX-dependent and -independent NETosis. By contrast, the degree of neutrophil apoptosis significantly increased, particularly in non-activated cells. Collectively, this study establishes that increasing concentrations of belinostat and panobinostat initially increases NETosis but subsequently reduces NETosis or switches the form of cell death to apoptosis. This new information indicates that belinostat and panobinostat can induce different types of neutrophil death and may induce neutropenia and regulate inflammation at different concentrations.
Thymic Origin of Intestinal αß T Cells Revealed by Fate Mapping of RORγt <sup>+</sup> Cells (2004)

Intestinal intraepithelial T lymphocytes (IELs) are likely to play a key role in host mucosal immunity and, unlike other T cells, have been proposed to differentiate from local precursors rather than from thymocytes. We show here that IELs expressing the alphabeta T cell receptor are derived from precursors that express RORgammat, an orphan nuclear hormone receptor detected only in immature CD4+CD8+ thymocytes, fetal lymphoid tissue-inducer (LTi) cells, and LTi-like cells in cryptopatches within the adult intestinal lamina propria. Using cell fate mapping, we found that all intestinal alphabeta T cells are progeny of CD4+CD8+ thymocytes, indicating that the adult intestine is not a significant site for alphabeta T cell development. Our results suggest that intestinal RORgammat+ cells are local organizers of mucosal lymphoid tissue.
Manganese‐Based Redox Homeostasis Disruptor for Inducing Intense Ferroptosis/Apoptosis Through xCT Inhibition And Oxidative Stress Injury (2023)

Intracellular redox homeostasis plays an important role in promoting tumor progression, development and even treatment resistance. To this end, redox balance impairment may become a prospective therapeutic target of cancer. Herein, a manganese-based homeostasis modulator (MHS) is developed for inducing severe reactive oxygen species accumulation and glutathione (GSH) deprivation, where such redox dyshomeostasis brings about dramatic ferroptosis/apoptosis. Tumor-specific degradation of manganese oxide nanocarriers contributes to hypoxia alleviation and loaded cargo release, resulting in apoptosis by augmented sonodynamic therapy and chemodynamic therapy. On the other hand, regional oxygenation significantly downregulates the expression of activating transcription factor 4, which can synergize with the released sulfasalazine to inhibit the downstream cystine antiporter xCT. Biosynthesis of GSH is sufficiently interrupted by the xCT suppression, leading to the reduction of glutathione peroxidase 4 (GPx4) level. The resultant excessive lipid peroxides promote intense ferroptosis to motivate cell death. On this basis, splendid treatment outcome by MHS is substantiated both in vitro and in vivo, thanks to the synergy of antitumor immunity elicitation. Taken together, this paradigm provides an insightful strategy to evoke drastic ferroptosis/apoptosis toward therapeutics and may also expand the eligibility of manganese-derived nanoagents for medical applications.
MIDRANGE MAGNETICALLY-COUPLED RESONANT CIRCUIT WIRELESS POWER TRANSFER (2014)

Recent years have seen numerous efforts to make wireless power transfer (WPT) feasible for application in diverse fields, from low-power domestic applications and medical applications to high-power industrial applications and electrical vehicles (EVs). As a result, it has been found that WPT by means of non-radiative magnetically-coupled resonant circuits is an optimum method for mid-range applications where the separation of source and receiver is in the range of 1-2m.This thesis investigates various aspects of the design of magnetically-coupled resonant circuits for non-radiative WPT. Firstly, a basic four-coil network for a mid-range (1-2m gap) WPT system with a single power source and single resistive load was developed and simulated. The system was then constructed and experimental results were obtained for comparison with theoretical expectations. Methodologies were developed for empirical measurement of flux-coupling coefficients (k) among the coupled resonator coils and measurement of resonator parameters (inductance, capacitance, and equivalent-series resistance). Secondly, a structure called a universal resonator is proposed to permit design of WPT networks of arbitrary complexity with multiple power sources (transmitters) and multiple loads (receivers). An Excel simulation tool has been developed to analyze designs involving up to eight resonators. Designs with five resonators (including one power source and two loads) and six resonators (with two power sources and two loads) with separation of 1m between transmitting and receiving resonators have been analyzed, constructed, and subjected to experimental validation. The measured outputs numerical were found to be in good agreement with the predicted models. Conclusions and suggestions for future work are provided.
Experiments with an ecological interface for monitoring tightly-coordinated robot teams (2006)

Many robotics applications require a human operator to monitor multiple robots that collaborate to achieve the operator's goals. Most approaches to such monitoring focus on each robot independently of its peers. When robots are tightly-coordinated, the operator is thus cognitively burdened to build a mental picture of the state of coordination. We report on extensive experiments (approximately 100 hours) with up to 25 human operators, working in two coordinated multi-robot tasks. In these, we contrasted standard displays, which assume each robot is independent, with an ecological socially-attentive display that makes the state of coordination explicit. The results show significant improvements in task completion time, number of failures, and the failure rate. Moreover, the display reduces the variance in operator control, thus leading to significantly more consistent operator performance
Applying a Model-based Approach for Embedded System Development (2007)

Model-based and component-oriented software development approaches are slowly superseding traditional ways of developing embedded systems. For investigating to which extent model-based development is feasible for embedded system development, we conducted a case study in which a small embedded system is developed using the MARMOT approach. In order to evaluate the degree of reuse that might be achieved, the components of the case study are used in the context of different small projects. Several aspects of reuse, application size, ease of adaptation, and development effort are quantified. This analysis reveals that model-based and component-oriented development performs well for small embedded systems, and it leads to the conclusion that model-driven/component-based development of embedded systems enables adaptable applications with higher- than-normal reuse rate.
Dynamically Reconfigurable Metadevice Employing Nanostructured Phase-Change Materials (2017)

Mastering dynamic free-space spectral control and modulation in the near-infrared (NIR) and optical regimes remains a challenging task that is hindered by the available functional materials at high frequencies. In this work, we have realized an efficient metadevice capable of spectral control by minimizing the thermal mass of a vanadium dioxide phase-change material (PCM) and placing the PCM at the feed gap of a bow-tie field antenna. The device has an experimentally measured tuning range of up to 360 nm in the NIR and a modulation depth of 33% at the resonant wavelength. The metadevice is configured for integrated and local heating, leading to faster switching and more precise spatial control compared with devices based on phase-change thin films. We envisage that the combined advantages of this device will open new opportunities for signal processing, memory, security, and holography at optical frequencies.
An Improvement of Finding Neighbors in Flocking Behaviors by Using a Simple Heuristic (2011)

무리 짓기는 대규모 무리의 사실적인 시뮬레이션으로 게임이나 컴퓨터 그래픽에서 자주 사용된다. 이러한 대규모 무리의 실시간 시뮬레이션은 계산 집약적 작업이기 때문에 효율적인 알고리즘에 대한 많은 연구들이 있었다. 본 논문에서는 기존의 효율적인 무리 짓기 알고리즘이 불필요한 계산을 포함하고 있다는 사실은 실험적으로 찾아내고, 간단한 휴리스틱으로 이러한 단점을 개선하는 새로운 알고리즘을 제안한다. 제안된 방법의 성능을 평가하기 위하여 많은 실험을 수행하였다. 실험의 결과는 제안하는 알고리즘이 기존의 효율적인 알고리즘에 비하여 평균 약 21%정도 성능을 개선한다는 것을 보였다.
A robust targeted sequencing approach for low input and variable quality DNA from clinical samples (2018)

Next-generation deep sequencing of gene panels is being adopted as a diagnostic test to identify actionable mutations in cancer patient samples. However, clinical samples, such as formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded specimens, frequently provide low quantities of degraded, poor quality DNA. To overcome these issues, many sequencing assays rely on extensive PCR amplification leading to an accumulation of bias and artifacts. Thus, there is a need for a targeted sequencing assay that performs well with DNA of low quality and quantity without relying on extensive PCR amplification. We evaluate the performance of a targeted sequencing assay based on Oligonucleotide Selective Sequencing, which permits the enrichment of genes and regions of interest and the identification of sequence variants from low amounts of damaged DNA. This assay utilizes a repair process adapted to clinical FFPE samples, followed by adaptor ligation to single stranded DNA and a primer-based capture technique. Our approach generates sequence libraries of high fidelity with reduced reliance on extensive PCR amplification-this facilitates the accurate assessment of copy number alterations in addition to delivering accurate single nucleotide variant and insertion/deletion detection. We apply this method to capture and sequence the exons of a panel of 130 cancer-related genes, from which we obtain high read coverage uniformity across the targeted regions at starting input DNA amounts as low as 10 ng per sample. We demonstrate the performance using a series of reference DNA samples, and by identifying sequence variants in DNA from matched clinical samples originating from different tissue types.
Hydrothermal synthesis, thermal decomposition and optical properties of Fe2F5(H2O)(Htaz)(taz)(Hdma) (2015)

Crystal structure of Fe2F5(H2O)(Htaz)(taz)(Hdma) which crystallizes in the triclinic system space group P1¯ with unit cell parameters a = 8.8392(5) Å, b = 9.1948(5) Å, c = 9.5877(5) Å, α = 82.070(3)°, β = 63.699(3)°, γ = 89.202(3)°, Z = 2, and V = 690.91(7) Å3, was synthesized under hydrothermal conditions at 393 K for 72 h, by a mixture of FeF2/FeF3, 1,2,4-triazole molecule (Htaz), and hydrofluoric acid solution (HF 4%) in dimethylformamide solvent (DMF). The main feature of this material is the coexistence of two oxidation states for iron atoms (Fe2+, Fe3+) in the unit cell, which associate by opposite fluorine corners of FeF5N and FeF2N4 octahedra, and/or triazole molecule which originates the 2D produces material. The structure determination, performed from single crystal X-ray diffraction data, lead to the R1/WR2 reliability factors 0.031/0.087. Thermal stability studies (TG/DTG/DTA) show that the decomposition provides in the temperature range 473–773 K and no mass loss was detected before 473 K. Mass spectrometry (MS) has been used. The optical absorption of the solid was measured at the corresponding λmax using UV–vis diffuse-reflectance spectrum.
Hidden Markov Models for Radio Localization in Mixed LOS/NLOS Conditions (2007)

This paper deals with the problem of radio localization of moving terminals (MTs) for indoor applications with mixed line-of-sight/non-line-of-sight (LOS/NLOS) conditions. To reduce false localizations, a grid-based Bayesian approach is proposed to jointly track the sequence of the positions and the sight conditions of the MT. This method is based on the assumption that both the MT position and the sight condition are Markov chains whose state is hidden in the received signals [hidden Markov model (HMM)]. The observations used for the HMM localization are obtained from the power-delay profile of the received signals. In ultrawideband (UWB) systems, the use of the whole power-delay profile, rather than the total power only, allows to reach higher localization accuracy, as the power-profile is a joint measurement of time of arrival and power. Numerical results show that the proposed HMM method improves the accuracy of localization with respect to conventional ranging methods, especially in mixed LOS/NLOS indoor environments
Why do B cells produce CD40 ligand? (2003)

The CD40-CD40 ligand (CD40L) interaction is one of the most important receptor-ligand interactions that occurs during a T dependent immune response. However, while CD40L is expressed on a range of cell types including activated T cells and B cells, dendritic cells granulocytes, macrophages and platelets, only CD40L on T cells is considered by most immunologists when planning experiments or analysing data. The current theory professes that T cells expressing CD40L can provide signals to B cells that induce proliferation, immunoglobulin class switching, antibody secretion, rescue from apoptosis at different times during the life of a B cell and also has a role in the development of germinal centres and the survival of memory B cells. However, the whole story is more complex than presently understood as human and mouse B cells express CD40L on their surface following activation and can release a soluble form of the ligand. This paper hypothesizes how CD40L on B cells may regulate antibody responses and the development of germinal centres.
DPP-4 (CD26) Inhibitor Alogliptin Inhibits Atherosclerosis in Diabetic Apolipoprotein E–Deficient Mice (2011)

Dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4 or CD26) inhibitors, a new class of antidiabetic compounds, are effective in the treatment of hyperglycemia. Because atherosclerosis-related cardiovascular diseases are the major complications of diabetes, it is important to determine the effect of DPP-4 inhibitors on atherosclerosis. In this study, nondiabetic and diabetic apolipoprotein E-deficient mice were treated with DPP-4 inhibitor alogliptin for 24 weeks, and atherosclerotic lesions in aortic origins were examined. Results showed that diabetes significantly increased atherosclerotic lesions, but alogliptin treatment reduced atherosclerotic lesions in diabetic mice. Metabolic studies showed that diabetes increased plasma glucose and that alogliptin treatment reduced glucose. Furthermore, immunohistochemistry study showed that diabetes increased interleukin-6 (IL-6) and IL-1β protein expression in atherosclerotic plaques, but alogliptin treatment attenuated diabetes-augmented IL-6 and IL-1β expression. In consistence with the observations from the mouse models, our in vitro studies showed that alogliptin-inhibited toll-like receptor 4 (TLR-4)-mediated upregulation of IL-6, IL-1β, and other proinflammatory cytokines by mononuclear cells. Taken together, our findings showed that alogliptin-inhibited atherosclerosis in diabetic apolipoprotein E-deficient mice and that the actions of alogliptin on both glucose and inflammation may contribute to the inhibition.