gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Real-time frequency domain temperature and oxygen sensor with a single optical fiber (1997)

The combined excited-state phosphorescence life-times of an alexandrite crystal and platinum tetraphenylporphyrin Pt(TPP) in a single-fiber sensor are used to monitor temperature and oxygen concentration in the physiological range from 15-45 degrees C and 0-50% O2 with precision of 0.24 degree C and 0.15% O2 and accuracy of 0.28 degree C and 0.2% O2. A 500-micron cubic alexandrite crystal bound to the distal end of a 750-micron-diameter optical fiber core and the Pt(TPP) coated circumferentially with a length of 1 cm from the end of the same fiber are excited with pulsed super-bright blue LED light. This apparatus uses a 125-kHz sampler for data acquisition and frequency domain methods for signal processing. The instrument amplifies both the dc and ac components of the photomultiplier output and band limits the signal to 20 kHz. The fundamental frequency of the excitation is set to 488.3 Hz and the highest harmonic used is the 35th. This bandlimited signal is sampled and averaged over a few hundred cycles in the time domain. The frequency domain representation of the data is obtained by employing fast Fourier transform algorithms. The phase delay and the modulation ratio of each sampled harmonic are then computed. At least four log-spaced harmonic phases or modulations are averaged before decoding the two lifetimes of temperature and oxygen phosphorescent sensors. A component of zero lifetime is introduced to account for the excitation backscatter leakage through optical interference filters seen by the photodetector. Linear and second-order empirical polynomials are employed to compute the temperatures and oxygen concentrations from the inverse lifetimes. In the situation of constant oxygen concentration, the lifetime of Pt(TPP) changes with temperature but can be compensated using the measured temperature lifetime. The system drift is 0.24 degree C for the temperature measurement and 0.59% for the oxygen concentration measurement over 30 h of continuous operation. The instrumentation and methods allow for 6-s update times and 90-s full-response times.
Dopamine (2003)

Dopamine is expressed in restricted brain areas involved in numerous integrative functions contributing to automated behaviours that are highly adaptive. During ontogenesis, dopamine can have a trophic action, which influences cortical specification directly, especially in prefrontal areas. Such a role is attested by the close relationships existing between the development of dopamine cortical innervation and cognitive abilities. Interestingly, such a proposal is reinforced by phylogenetic data. During the last stages of evolution in mammals, the characteristic extension of dopamine cortical innervation is also correlated with the development of cognitive capacities. More generally, the contribution of dopamine will be to increase the processing of cortical information through basal ganglia, either during the course of evolution or development. In this respect, dysmaturation suspected in schizophrenia and attention deficit-hyperactivity disorder in children can emphasize such a defect in basal ganglia processing. Remarkably, these diseases are improved by dopamine antagonists and agonists, respectively. In this line of evidence, experimental studies showed that selective lesions of the dopamine neurones in rats or primates can actually provide motor, limbic and cognitive deficits, in later cases especially when the mesocorticolimbic dopamine pathways are altered. Data resulting from lesion studies also showed significant alteration in attentional processes, thus raising the question of the direct involvement of dopamine in regulating attention. Dopamine can act as a powerful regulator and integrator of different aspects of brain functions. For example, in Parkinson's disease, besides motor impairment, dopamine degeneration is also expressed by alterations of both limbic, executive and cognitive functions, both improved by dopamine receptor agonists and dopa therapy. Dopamine has thus to be considered as a key regulator that contributes to behavioural adaptation and to the anticipatory processes necessary for preparing voluntary action consequent upon intention. In this respect, the alteration of dopamine transmission with age could contribute to cognitive impairment. Therefore, to normalize dopamine transmission pharmacologically could actually improve the cognitive and limbic deficits during normal aging, as it does in psychiatric and neurological disorders.
The Limitations of the Cloud Point Measurement Techniques and the Influence of the Oil Composition on Its Detection (2005)

Abstract In the petroleum industry, cloud points are one of the main guides to evaluate the wax precipitation potential of a fluid. The planning of the exploration of a reservoir or the design of its pipelines are based on the measured cloud points for the reservoir oil. It is known that each measuring technique will provide a different cloud point temperature, yet although some of these techniques seem to be more accurate than others, no definite conclusion was established on how cloud points should be measured. On this work, several cloud point measurement techniques are discussed and compared. It will be shown that some of these techniques, such as viscosity, filter plugging, and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) can only be used under very favorable circumstances, but it will be argued that because every technique requires some finite, often large, amount of solid to detect the presence of a new phase, the cloud point, defined as the temperature for which the first solid appears in the oil, is not accessible experimentally, and unless a very detailed compositional analysis is available, it is also impossible to predict it accurately with a thermodynamic model. The effect of the paraffin distribution in the oils on the cloud point detection will be discussed, and it will be shown how the compositional information can be used to assess the uncertainty of the measured cloud points.
V. Real-World Examples, Handy How-to’s and Sample Screen Shots (2017)

With all of the changes surrounding social media and email, it's critical to get up to speed on the latest rules, procedures and case law. This full-day, cutting-edge course will walk you through state processes, procedures and the latest case law while equipping you with handy how-to's, sample screen shots, real world examples and shortcuts along the way. Expert attorney faculty, who know the ins and outs of these groundbreaking new forms of evidence, will provide practical tech advice that you can actually understand and start using right away. From email to Facebook, Twitter and Snapchat, to YouTube, Pinterest and video surveillance, this comprehensive ESI guide will give you invaluable insight into proven ways for identifying, preserving, producing, admitting and blocking ESI.
Perspectives on Mucosal Vaccines: Is Mucosal Tolerance a Barrier? (2007)

Mucosal administration of Ags induces specific Abs in external secretions and systemic unresponsiveness termed oral or mucosal tolerance. The dominant response depends on the species studied, the nature, dose, frequency, route of Ag application, and the use of adjuvants. The temporal sequence of Ag exposure determines the quality of the ensuing immune response; although initial mucosal Ag exposure results in systemic T cell hyporesponsiveness, pre-existing systemic responses are refractory to the tolerizing effects of mucosal Ag encounter. Mucosal and systemic humoral responses may be induced concomitantly with diminished systemic T cell responses, thereby permitting Ab-mediated containment of mucosal Ags without stimulation of the systemic immune compartment. B cell Ig isotype switching and differentiation toward IgA production share common regulatory mechanisms with the suppression of T cells. Optimization of mucosal vaccination strategies has the potential for enhancing protective immune responses and suppressing systemic responses to autoantigens desirable for the treatment of autoimmune diseases.
MISIMO: A multi-input single-inductor multi-output energy harvester employing event-driven MPPT control to achieve 89% peak efficiency and a 60,000x dynamic range in 28nm FDSOI (2018)

Harvesting energy from ambient sources is an attractive way to enable net-zero-power operation in small wearables, environmental monitors, and IoT devices. However, the power available from most harvesting sources is low, and is thus often mismatched to the instantaneous demands of wirelessly connected devices, which require up to 10s of mW during radio transmission, and down to mW during sleep. Previous works have suggested utilizing multiple energy harvesting sources to increase extractable power, incorporating a battery as an energy buffer, and processing energy with a single inductor to minimize device volume [1,2]. However, such prior art does not support the generation of multiple independently regulated power domains needed for modern SoCs. While single-inductor multi-output (SIMO) converters have demonstrated multi-domain regulation [3,4], they have not been combined with multi-input harvesting, in part since simultaneous regulation of multiple input sources (for MPPT purposes) and loads with a single inductor is not possible with conventional control techniques.
Fullerene-bound dendrimers: soluble, isolated carbon clusters (1993)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTFullerene-bound dendrimers: soluble, isolated carbon clustersK. L. Wooley, C. J. Hawker, J. M. J. Frechet, F. Wudl, G. Srdanov, S. Shi, C. Li, and M. KaoCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1993, 115, 21, 9836–9837Publication Date (Print):October 1, 1993Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 October 1993https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00074a075https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00074a075research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views743Altmetric-Citations159LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Autoassociative dynamics in the generation of sequences of hippocampal place cells (2015)

Neuronal circuits produce self-sustaining sequences of activity patterns, but the precise mechanisms remain unknown. Here we provide evidence for autoassociative dynamics in sequence generation. During sharp-wave ripple (SWR) events, hippocampal neurons express sequenced reactivations, which we show are composed of discrete attractors. Each attractor corresponds to a single location, the representation of which sharpens over the course of several milliseconds, as the reactivation focuses at that location. Subsequently, the reactivation transitions rapidly to a spatially discontiguous location. This alternation between sharpening and transition occurs repeatedly within individual SWRs and is locked to the slow-gamma (25 to 50 hertz) rhythm. These findings support theoretical notions of neural network function and reveal a fundamental discretization in the retrieval of memory in the hippocampus, together with a function for gamma oscillations in the control of attractor dynamics.
Union activity in hospitals: past, present, and future. (1982)

Between 1970 and 1980, the percentage of hospitals with one or more collective bargaining contracts increased from 15.7 percent to 27.4 percent. A substantial amount of variation exists in the extent of unionism on the basis of hospital ownership, bed size, and location. Employees are more likely to organize when hospitals in the State are regulated by a mandatory rate-setting program. Unions raise hospital employee's wages--a modal estimate for RNs is about 6 percent; the corresponding figure for nonprofessional employees is about 10 percent. Growth of union activity in hospitals has generally not been a major contributor to hospital wage inflation, and less than 10 percent of the increase in real (relative to the Consumer Price Index) spending for hospital care that occurred during the 1970s can be attributed to union growth. We project that between 45 and 50 percent of all hospitals will have at least one union by 1990.
A Microcomputer System for Processing Natural Languages (1982)

This correspondence describes a microcomputer system, called ¿BE (for microprocessor-based English), for processing natural languages. Its techniques and facilities, however, should be extendible to other languages. By using the microprocessor as special purpose hardware for several functions of a natural language processor (in particular, hashing and parsing), the system aids computational linguists by increasing the computational power available for natural language investigations. An overview of ¿BE is given followed by a more detailed discussion of the hasher and parser. The paper concludes with specific applications of the microprocessor system to computational linguistics. ¿BE is not based on a particular theory of language so that the system's user may define his own theory and investigate its consequences. ¿BE contains facilities and capabilities to assist such investigations.
Clonal proliferation of rat tracheal epithelial cells in serum-free medium and their responses to hormones, growth factors and carcinogens (1986)

A serum- and feeder cell-free medium has been developed for the proliferation of rat tracheal epithelial (RTE) cells at clonal density. In this medium, RTE cells continue to proliferate for several weeks after cells in serum containing medium on feeder cells have begun to differentiate. The responsiveness of RTE cells to selected hormones and growth factors was determined using a clonal growth assay. The colony-forming efficiency (CFE) of RTE cells was reduced greater than 85% when bovine pituitary extract or bovine serum albumin were deleted from the medium and 45-70% reductions in CFE were observed when insulin, hydrocortisone, epidermal growth factor or cholera toxin were deleted. RTE cells also require high concentrations of Ca2+ (0.8 mM) for maximal clonal proliferation in this medium. The induction by carcinogens of preneoplastic RTE cell variants resistant to serum-mediated squamous differentiation was compared in serum-free medium and in serum-containing medium on feeder cells. N-methyl-N'-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine was considerably more cytotoxic and effective as a transforming agent on an equivalent dose basis for RTE cells in serum-free medium. In contrast, (+/-)-7B,8-dihydroxy-9,10-epoxy-7,8,9, 10-tetrahydrobenzo[a]pyrene was equally cytotoxic and transforming under both culture conditions. This serum-free culture system for primary RTE cells will be useful in studies on the control of normal epithelial cell proliferation and differentiation by defined growth factors and in studies on the cellular changes involved in carcinogenesis.
A universal protein–protein interaction motif in the eubacterial DNA replication and repair systems (2001)

The interaction between DNA polymerases and sliding clamp proteins confers processivity in DNA synthesis. This interaction is critical for most DNA replication machines from viruses and prokaryotes to higher eukaryotes. The clamp proteins also participate in a variety of dynamic and competing protein-protein interactions. However, clamp-protein binding sequences have not so far been identified in the eubacteria. Here we show from three lines of evidence, bioinformatics, yeast two-hybrid analysis, and inhibition of protein-protein interaction by modified peptides, that variants of a pentapeptide motif (consensus QL[SD]LF) are sufficient to enable interaction of a number of proteins with an archetypal eubacterial sliding clamp (the beta subunit of Escherichia coli DNA polymerase III holoenzyme). Representatives of this motif are present in most sequenced members of the eubacterial DnaE, PolC, PolB, DinB, and UmuC families of DNA polymerases and the MutS1 mismatch repair protein family. The component tripeptide DLF inhibits the binding of the alpha (DnaE) subunit of E. coli DNA polymerase III to beta at microM concentration, identifying key residues. Comparison of the eubacterial, eukaryotic, and archaeal sliding clamp binding motifs suggests that the basic interactions have been conserved across the evolutionary landscape.
Design and Synthesis of Heterocyclic Carboxamides as Natural Nucleic Acid Base Mimics (1996)

Abstract A series of heterocyclic carboxamides have been designed as mimics for the natural nucleic acid bases. The nucleosides 1-(2′-deoxy-β-d-ribofuranosyl)imidazole-4-carboxamide (1), 1-(2′ -deoxy-β-d-ribofuranosyl)pyrazole-3-carboxamide (2), and 1-(2′ -deoxy-β-d-ribofuranosyl)pyrrole-3-carboxamide (3) were synthesized and their structures confirmed by spectroscopic and analytical means.
Extracting a clean ECG from a noisy recording: A new method based on segmented-beat modulation (2014)

Electrocardiogram (ECG) testing is a common non-invasive diagnostic tool to identify heart diseases. Generally, an ECG recording is corrupted by different types of noise which may jeopardize clinical evaluation. Thus, aim of the present study is to introduce the new segmented-beat modulation method (SBMM) for extracting a clean ECG from a noisy recording. Each cardiac cycle (CC) is segmented into the QRS segment and the TUP segment, respectively independent and proportional to preceding RR interval. TUP-segment modulation is initially used to force all CC to have the same duration, in order to allow a template-beat computation as the median beat. Then, a clean ECG is obtained by concatenating the template-beat after TUP-segment demodulation in order to obtain reconstructed beats whose duration matches that of the corresponding beats in the original noisy recording. Optimization procedures are performed to compensate for small inter-beat morphological ECG variations independent from actual heart rate. SBMM was tested in two applications respectively involving an ECG corrupted by motion artifacts and an abdominal recording from a woman in labor. Results clearly demonstrate the SBMM ability to provide a clean, and thus clinically useful, ECG tracing from a noisy recording.
Diagnostic evaluation of urinary incontinence in geriatric patients. (1998)

In most cases, the evaluation of urinary incontinence requires only a history, a physical examination, urinalysis and measurement of postvoid residual urine volume. The initial purposes of the evaluation are to identify conditions requiring referral or specialized work-up and to detect and treat reversible causes that may be present. If the patient does not appear to require referral and a reversible cause is not identified, the next step is to categorize the patient's symptoms as typical of either urge or stress incontinence and treat the patient accordingly. If treatment fails or a presumptive diagnosis of urge or stress incontinence cannot be reached, the final step would be to perform more sophisticated tests or refer the patient for testing to define the cause and determine the best treatment.
Melatonin. Perspectives in Laboratory Medicine and Clinical Research (1987)

We are presently at a point in human pineal research where we have recognized through melatonin assay the presence of pineal dysfunction in a variety of disease categories. Melatonin may now be quickly and accurately quantified in a range of body fluids, and our well-developed knowledge of the basic biochemistry and neuroanatomical connections of the pineal enables us to see at least how abnormalities in melatonin secretion occur, if not why. The reported increases in melatonin secretion in early malignancy with a reduction in secretion during the neoplastic process is interesting, as is the great decline in the elevated melatonin level of oncological patients following institution of chemotherapy. The correlations between estrogen receptor status of breast cancer and melatonin level, and between neoplastic status of the prostate and melatonin secretion, points to interesting differential diagnostic utilities of melatonin analysis in these conditions. Furthermore, an etiological involvement of melatonin in neoplasia is suggested by experiments which have demonstrated the capacity of melatonin to induce mitotic arrest, and to increase the affinity of mammary carcinoma estrogen receptors for their substrate. These are important observations among many others of direct relevance to research and treatment in oncology, and warrant much further investigation. Melatonin assay may also prove useful in the prognostic monitoring of patients treated for melatonin-secreting pineal tumors, and in such cases may form a logical part of follow-up investigation in the screening for metastatic complication. In psychiatry research, melatonin analysis has functioned as a tool by which alterations in pineal function within specific psychiatric diagnoses have been demonstrated and assessed. Its uses in the assessment of the effects of antidepressant drugs on central beta-receptor function, as a tool in the investigation of light-induced alterations in pineal function in manic-depressive individuals, and as a tool in the investigation of the putative pineal-adrenocortical functional interaction have produced the fundamental building blocks of modern research into the pineal and psychiatry. The experimental clinical utility of melatonin assay is not localized to oncology and psychiatry, and significant alterations in melatonin secretion have been reported in several other disease categories. Indeed, the demonstration of markedly elevated melatonin secretion in patients with spina bifida occulta might suggest that assay of melatonin in amniotic fluid could be useful as an experimental adjunct in the prenatal diagnosis of this condition.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
Comparison of oncophilic radiopharmaceuticals, *I-fibrinogen,67Ga- citrate,111In-bleomycin, and *I-bleomycin in tumor-bearing mice (1977)

The pharmacokinetics of 67Ga-citrate, 111In-bleomycin, *I-bleomycin, and *I-fibrinogen were compared in a murine KHJJ tumor model in order to assess their relative potential as agents for in vivo detection of cancer. Although all four agents have been reported to be clinically efficacious, in this tumor model, *I-fibrinogen and 67Ga-citrate had the greatest tumor accumulation with maximum concentrations of 11.7% and 10.5% respectively. However, both these radiopharmaceuticals cleared slowly from the blood and animal. The maximum tumor concentrations of 111In-bleomycin and *I-bleomycin were 2.9% and 2.6% respectively, but *I-bleomycin had the advantage of rapid clearance from the blood and animal. 67Ga-citrate did not achieve its maximum tumor concentration until 24 hours after administration, whereas the other radiopharmaceuticals achieved maximum tumor concentration within several hours of administration. From these observations 123I-bleomycin seems to deserve clinical trials in patients. 123I-fibrinogen appears to have significant oncophilic potential if its clearance from the animal can be accelerated without altering its accumulation in the tumor.
Randomized, placebo‐controlled trial of Saforis for prevention and treatment of oral mucositis in breast cancer patients receiving anthracycline‐based chemotherapy (2006)

Saforis is safe and effective for preventing and treating OM in patients receiving mucotoxic cancer chemotherapy.