gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Significant performance advantage of electroabsorption modulator integrated distributed feedback laser (EML) transmitter in transporting multicarrier QAM signals (2001)

Data are presented that show that, for transporting quadrature amplitude modulated (QAM) radiofrequency (RF) subcarriers in suboctave frequency range, electroabsorption modulator integrated distributed feedback lasers (EMLs) can he modulated with significantly higher (2.5 times) modulation index without any in-band signal distortion as compared to the directly or externally modulated (using LiNbO/sub 3/ MZ modulator) distributed feedback (DFB) laser transmitters in the 1.55-/spl mu/m band. This occurs when the selection of frequency range and biasing the modulator section of an EML is such that the third-order intermodulation distortion is suppressed and the second-order distortion is outside the in-band frequency range. We have used an equivalent of 64- and 256-QAM 40 carriers in 550-800 MHz with the test carrier modulated with 5.063 M symbols per second. For a given bit error rate (BER), the receiver sensitivity was as much as 4 dB (optical) higher with an EML-based transmitter compared to all other transmitters. The results are presented for QAM signals but they are equally applicable for other formats of digital modulation of RF carriers, such as quadrature phase shift keying (QPSK) in suboctave frequency range.
Relative Levels of Semen Platelet Activating Factor‐Receptor (PAFr) and Ubiquitin in Yearling Bulls With High Content of Semen White Blood Cells: Implications for Breeding Soundness Evaluation (2006)

High content of the platelet activating factor (PAF) and its plasma membrane receptor (PAFr) in semen is thought to benefit fertility in farm animals and humans. We used flow cytometric, biochemical, and immunocytochemical analysis to examine PAFr levels alone (Trial 1, n = 156 bulls) or in a dual assay with sperm defect marker ubiquitin (UBI; Trial 2, n = 88 bulls), in semen samples from 160 yearling bulls undergoing Breeding Soundness Evaluations (BSE). In both trials, we observed increased PAFr levels in semen samples with high content of white blood cells (WBC). Consequently, PAFr levels within such semen samples correlated negatively with several subjective parameters of BSE, including palpation, satisfaction of evaluation, and scrotal circumference. Due to a high WBC content, increased semen sample dilution had to be applied for microscopic evaluation. There was a negative correlation between semen PAFr and conventional sperm morphology, while the increased levels of PAFr correlated positively with sperm UBI content. Immunofluorescence microcopy revealed high expression of PAFr on the surface of leukocytes and morphologically normal spermatozoa, while reduced immunoreactivity was observed in defective spermatozoa immunoreactive to anti-UBI antibodies. A single PAFr band of appropriate mass was observed in Western blots of ejaculated spermatozoa, while testicular and epididymal spermatozoa also displayed several larger bands indicative of posttranslational processing or modification. Collectively, these data suggest that high levels of semen PAFr in young bulls are indicative of semen contamination with WBC. In the future, objective protein marker-based semen analyses in young bulls will likely require additional parameters distinguishing between marker expression in the spermatozoa and in the contaminating WBC. While identification of high sperm PAFr levels may support fertility, this assay alone is not reliable, due to the expression of PAFr in WBC that contaminate semen samples.
Identification of an Antiangiogenic FGF2-binding Site in the N Terminus of the Soluble Pattern Recognition Receptor PTX3 (2006)

Long-pentraxin 3 (PTX3) is a soluble pattern recognition receptor with non-redundant functions in inflammation and innate immunity. PTX3 comprises a pentraxin-like C-terminal domain involved in complement activation via C1q interaction and an N-terminal extension with unknown functions. PTX3 binds fibroblast growth factor-2 (FGF2), inhibiting its pro-angiogenic and pro-restenotic activity. Here, retroviral transduced endothelial cells (ECs) overexpressing the N-terminal fragment PTX3-(1-178) showed reduced mitogenic activity in response to FGF2. Accordingly, purified recombinant PTX3-(1-178) binds FGF2, prevents PTX3/FGF2 interaction, and inhibits FGF2 mitogenic activity in ECs. Also, the monoclonal antibody mAb-MNB4, which recognizes the PTX3-(87-99) epitope, prevents FGF2/PTX3 interaction and abolishes the FGF2 antagonist activity of PTX3. Consistently, the synthetic peptides PTX3-(82-110) and PTX3-(97-110) bind FGF2 and inhibit the interaction of FGF2 with PTX3 immobilized to a BIAcore sensor chip, FGF2-dependent EC proliferation, and angiogenesis in vivo. Thus, the data identify a FGF2-binding domain in the N-terminal extension of PTX3 spanning the PTX3-(97-110) region, pointing to a novel function for the N-terminal extension of PTX3 and underlining the complexity of the PTX3 molecule for modular humoral pattern recognition.
Assessment of the Process Parameters and Their Effect on the Chip Length When Using CNC Toolpaths to Provide Chip Breaking in Turning Operations (2008)

Past work at UNC Charlotte has demonstrated that the use of oscillating CNC toolpaths provides a reliable chip breaking alternative to conventional methods such as the use of cutting inserts with special geometries and/or adjusting machining parameters. The specific toolpath geometry and the selection of the oscillating parameters is an important step to reliably and constantly create broken chips using this new method. This paper builds on the past work and discusses the proper selection of oscillation amplitude and its effect on the ability to break chips and to achieve desired chip lengths.
3‐(1,2,3‐Triazol‐1‐yl)‐1‐thio‐galactosides as Small, Efficient, and Hydrolytically Stable Inhibitors of Galectin‐3. (2005)

Abstract For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Phase Modifiers Promote Efficient Production of Hydroxymethylfurfural from Fructose (2006)

Furan derivatives obtained from renewable biomass resources have the potential to serve as substitutes for the petroleum-based building blocks that are currently used in the production of plastics and fine chemicals. We developed a process for the selective dehydration of fructose to 5-hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF) that operates at high fructose concentrations (10 to 50 weight %), achieves high yields (80% HMF selectivity at 90% fructose conversion), and delivers HMF in a separation-friendly solvent. In a two-phase reactor system, fructose is dehydrated in the aqueous phase with the use of an acid catalyst (hydrochloric acid or an acidic ion-exchange resin) with dimethylsulfoxide and/or poly(1-vinyl-2-pyrrolidinone) added to suppress undesired side reactions. The HMF product is continuously extracted into an organic phase (methylisobutylketone) modified with 2-butanol to enhance partitioning from the reactive aqueous solution.
Single-frequency, all-fiber Q-switched laser at 1550 nm (2004)

We present a novel actively Q-switched single frequency, linear, all-fiber laser using fast stress-induced birefringence modulation. We demonstrate 25-W peak power in 12-ns, 0.3-μJ pulses at a repetition rate of 80 kHz with 370 mW of pump power, without using an amplifier. Very effective Q-switching was also observed at 325 kHz, near the resonance frequency of the piezoelectric actuator. Using a higher pump power of 780 mW, an average output power of 85 mW and pulsewidth of 16 ns at 325 kHz PRF was observed.
Hydrogel behavior of a sugar-based gelator by introduction of an unsaturated moiety as a hydrophobic group (2006)

The new sugar-based gelators 1 and 2 were synthesized, and their gelation abilities were evaluated in organic solvents and in water. Compound 1 gelates both water and organic solvents whereas 2 gelates only organic solvents. Superstructural difference between hydrogel 1 and organogel 2 was investigated by CD, TEM, AFM, 1H NMR and XRD. Hydrogel 1 displays a well-developed helical ribbon structure with 20-150 nm diameter and a length of several hundred microm whereas organogel 2 shows a twisted fiber structure of diameter 20 nm. CD measurements of hydrogel 1 and organogel 2 indicate that hydrogel 1 maintains a well-ordered chiral structure whereas organogel 2 maintains a relatively disordered chiral structure. The 1H NMR and XRD results suggest that the hydrophobic interaction in hydrogel 1 are relatively weak, with a relatively small region interdigitated between lipophilic alkyl groups. In addition, upon irradiation at 254 nm wavelength, hydrogel 1 reveals a red coloration at 540 nm. These results indicate that the self-assembled hydrogel 1 was polymerized by UV-irradiation. The intensity of the CD spectrum of the polymerized hydrogel markedly decreased. This result indicates that upon polymerization the highly ordered chiral structure of hydrogel 1 changes to a disordered molecular packing structure.
ChemInform Abstract: CHEMICAL AND PHARMACOLOGICAL RESEARCH ON PYRAN DERIVATIVES. NOTE VI. 2‐(DIALKYLAMINO)‐4‐OXO‐4H‐NAPHTHOL(1,2‐B)PYRANS AND DERIVATIVES (1977)

The 2-dialkylamino-4-oxo-4H-naphtho [1,2-b]pyrans are obtained by the reaction of N,N-dialkylethoxycarbonylacetamides with alpha-naphthol and with substituted alpha-naphthols. The products on treatment with formaldehyde and morpholine or piperidine or N-methylpiperazine are transformed into the 2-dialkylamino-3-dialkylaminomethyl-4-oxo-4H-naphtho [1,2-b]pyrans. Pharmacological investigation has shown that 2-dimethylamino (K 12164), 2-(N-ethyl, N-methyl)amino- (K 12087) and 2-diethylamino-4-oxox-4H-naphtho [1,2-b]pyran (K 12165) show clear neurotropic activity of the neuroleptic type whereas compounds of the isomeric series, 1H-naphtho-[2,1-b]pyrans, studied previously (1), show anticonvulsive and sedative activity. This difference in pharmacological activity has prompted a more complete comparative examination of the activity of the two series of compounds. Study of antagonism to the effects of reserpine by both 4H-naphtho [1,2-b]pyrans and 1H-naphtho [2,1-b]pyrans has shown that in the latter series the 1-oxo-3-dimethylamino- (K 8291), the 1-oxo-3-(N-ethyl, N-methyl)amino- (K 8409) and the 1-oxo-3-diethylamino-1H-naphtho [2,1-b]-pyran (K 8292) have marked neurotropic activity of the antidepressive type.
A novel compound, 7,10‐dihydroxy‐8(E)‐octadecenoic acid from oleic acid by bioconversion (1991)

Sixty‐two cultures from the Agricultural Research Service (ARS) Culture Collection and 10 cultures isolated from soil and water samples in Illinois were screened for their ability to convert agricultural oils to value‐added industrial chemicals. A new compound, 7,10‐dihydroxy‐8(E)‐octadecenoic acid (DOD), was produced from oleic acid at a yield of greater than 60% by bacterial strain PR3 which was isolated from a water sample in Morton, IL. To our knowledge, DOD has not been previously reported. The optimum time, pH and temperature for the production of DOD were 2 days, 7.0, and 30°C, respectively. The production of DOD is unique in that it involves hydroxylation at two positions and rearrangement of the double bond of the substrate molecule.
The promoter-regulatory region of the major immediate-early gene of human cytomegalovirus responds to T-lymphocyte stimulation and contains functional cyclic AMP-response elements (1989)

Prior studies have demonstrated that a small proportion of blood lymphocytes from patients with human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) infection express only the viral immediate-early (IE) genes (L. Einhorn and A. Ost, J. Infect. Dis. 149:207-214, 1984; G. P. A. Rice, R. D. Schrier, and M. B. A. Oldstone, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 81:6134-6138, 1984). The present studies demonstrate that the IE genes of HCMV are transcribed in Jurkat cells (T lymphocytes) only after activation of the cells with mitogens. Transcription of the IE genes is from an upstream enhancer promoter-regulatory region containing several different repeated sequence motifs. Chimeric plasmids were constructed with just a single copy or three copies of a synthetic oligonucleotide sequence of either the 16-, 18-, 19-, or 21-base-pair (bp) repeat elements upstream of the minimal wild-type promoter sequence to drive expression of the indicator gene, chloramphenicol acetyltransferase (CAT). The 18- or 19-bp motifs in the enhancer region were found to be important in mediating the effect of the mitogens. However, the CAT activity detected with the 19-bp repeat was always significantly higher than that found with the 18-bp repeat. There was an additive effect by multiple copies of the 18- or 19-bp repeat sequences on gene expression. The 19-bp repeat contains a sequence identical to that described for a cyclic AMP (cAMP) response element, and plasmids containing only this sequence and the minimal promoter sequences upstream of the CAT gene respond to agents which increase intracellular cAMP. Functional cAMP response elements are present in the wild-type promoter-regulatory region and are associated with the 19-bp repeat sequences. It is proposed that activation of lymphocytes results in expression of the IE genes of HCMV, in part via the activation of cellular trans-acting factors which interact with the 18- and 19-bp motifs in the HCMV IE promoter-regulatory region. The 19-bp repeat is the major contributor to the strength of this enhancer-containing promoter-regulatory region.
Projection imaging of the right coronary artery with an intravenous injection of contrast agent (2004)

Contrast-enhanced (CE) MR angiography of the right coronary artery (RCA) was performed using 2D thick-slice projection imaging with a small (8 mL) intravenous injection of contrast agent in six volunteers. With a tight contrast bolus injection, the RCA was enhanced for a few seconds after the contrast bolus was washed out of the right ventricle. This allowed data to be acquired when only the RCA was enhanced. Using 2D thick-slice magnetization prepared steady-state free precession (SSFP) imaging, background signal was suppressed and a complete data set was acquired in three heartbeats. A mean vessel length of 7.1 +/- 0.9 cm was depicted with a signal-to-noise ratio of 11.8 +/- 0.7 and contrast-to-noise ratio of 6.1 +/- 0.6. Thick-slice 2D projection CE SSFP is a promising method to depict the RCA.
Hematopoietic upstream stimulating factor 1 deficiency is associated with increased atherosclerosis susceptibility in LDL receptor knockout mice (2021)

Total body upstream stimulatory factor 1 (USF1) deficiency in mice is associated with brown adipose tissue activation and a marked protection against the development of obesity and atherosclerotic lesions. Functional expression of USF1 has also been detected in monocytes and monocyte-derived macrophages. In the current study we therefore tested whether selective hematopoietic USF1 deficiency can also beneficially impact the development of atherosclerosis. For this purpose, LDL receptor knockout mice were transplanted with bone marrow from USF1 knockout mice or their wild-type littermate controls and subsequently fed a Western-type diet for 20 weeks to stimulate atherosclerotic lesion development. Strikingly, absence of USF1 function in bone marrow-derived cells was associated with exacerbated blood leukocyte (+ 100%; P < 0.01) and peritoneal leukocyte (+ 50%; P < 0.05) lipid loading and an increased atherosclerosis susceptibility (+ 31%; P < 0.05). These effects could be attributed to aggravated hyperlipidemia, i.e. higher plasma free cholesterol (+ 33%; P < 0.001) and cholesteryl esters (+ 39%; P < 0.001), and the development of hepatosteatosis. In conclusion, we have shown that hematopoietic USF1 deficiency is associated with an increased atherosclerosis susceptibility in LDL receptor knockout mice. These findings argue against a contribution of macrophage-specific USF1 deficiency to the previously described beneficial effect of total body USF1 deficiency on atherosclerosis susceptibility in mice.
Ultrathin Film Deposition by Liquid CO<sub>2</sub> Free Meniscus CoatingUniformity and Morphology (2005)

Ultrathin organic films of sucrose octaacetate (SOA) were deposited on 12.5 cm diameter silicon wafer substrates using high-pressure free meniscus coating (hFMC) with liquid CO2 (l-CO2) as a coating solvent. The dry film thickness across the wafer and the morphology of deposited films were characterized as a function of coating conditions-withdrawal velocity, solution concentration, and evaporation driving force (deltaP). When no evaporation driving force was applied (deltaP = 0), highly uniform films were deposited with thickness in the range of 8-105 angstroms over the entire concentration range (3-11 wt%). Uniform films were also obtained at low concentrations (3-5 wt%) with a low evaporation driving force (deltaP = 0.0138 MPa). However, films deposited at medium to high concentrations (7-11 wt%) were thicker (110-570 angstroms) and less uniform, with larger nonuniformities at higher applied evaporation driving forces. Optical microscopy and atomic force microscopy (AFM) were used to characterize film morphology including drying defects and film roughness. Films deposited without evaporation had no apparent drying defects and very low root-mean-square (RMS) roughness (1.4-3.8 angstroms). Spinodal-like dewetting morphologies including holes with diameters in the range of 100-300 nm, and surface undulations were observed in films deposited at medium concentration (7 wt%) and low deltaP (0.0138-0.0276 MPa). At higher concentrations and higher evaporative driving forces, spinodal-like dewetting morphologies disappeared but concentric ring defect structures were observed with diameters in the range 20-125 microm. The film thickness and morphology of SOA films deposited from 1-CO2 hFMC were compared to those deposited from toluene and acetone under normal dip coating. Films deposited from l-CO2 hFMC were much thinner, more uniform, and exhibited much fewer drying defects and lower RMS roughness.
Discovery of (<i>R</i>)-1-(3-(4-Amino-3-(4-phenoxyphenyl)-1<i>H</i>-pyrazolo[3,4-<i>d</i>]pyrimidin-1-yl)piperidin-1-yl)-2-(dimethylamino)ethanone (CHMFL-FLT3-122) as a Potent and Orally Available FLT3 Kinase Inhibitor for FLT3-ITD Positive Acute Myeloid Leukemia (2015)

FLT3-ITD mutant has been observed in about 30% of AML patients and extensively studied as a drug discovery target. On the basis of the structure of PCI-32765 (ibrutinib), a BTK kinase inhibitor that was recently reported to bear FLT3 kinase activity through a structure-guided drug design approach, we have discovered compound 18 (CHMFL-FLT3-122), which displayed an IC50 of 40 nM against FLT3 kinase and achieved selectivity over BTK kinase (over 10-fold). It significantly inhibited the proliferation of FLT3-ITD positive AML cancer cell lines MV4-11 (GI50 = 22 nM), MOLM13/14 (GI50 = 21 nM/42 nM). More importantly, 18 demonstrated 170-fold selectivity between FLT3 kinase and c-KIT kinase (GI50 = 11 nM versus 1900 nM) in the TEL-fusion isogenic BaF3 cells indicating a potential to avoid the FLT3/c-KIT dual inhibition induced myelosuppression toxicity. In the cellular context it strongly affected FLT3-ITD mediated signaling pathways and induced apoptosis by arresting the cell cycle into the G0/G1 phase. In the in vivo studies 18 demonstrated a good bioavailability (30%) and significantly suppressed the tumor growth in MV4-11 cell inoculated xenograft model (50 mg/kg) without exhibiting obvious toxicity. Compound 18 might be a potential drug candidate for FLT3-ITD positive AML.
Reduced Minimum Detectable Phase Shift in a Fiber Optic Sensor with Electro-optic Feedback (1994)

This letter reports a reduced minimum detectable phase shift obtained with a fiber interferometric sensor incorporating both common-mode compensation and electro-optic feedback to enhance measurand sensitivity. Experimental results using a tracking approach to singal-processing have resulted in a minimum detectable phase shift over two orders of magnitude lower than results with a conventional Mach-Zehnder optical circuit with the same signal-processing electronics.
Finite element modeling of perforated PZT-polymer compositest (1985)

Abstract Perforated PZT-polymer composites with 3–1 connectivity patterns have been fabricated by drilling square holes perpendicular to the poling direction in prepoled PZT blocks and filling the holes with epoxy polymer. The influence of the separation between the holes on the dielectric and piezoelectric properties of the composite was studied. The finite element method has been used to calculate the stress distributions in this composite. The hydrostatic dh and gh coefficients have been calculated by summing the individual element polarization. The calculated values are compared with experimental results.
DUAL COMB GENERATION FROM A SINGLE FIBER LASER CAVITY VIA SPECTRAL SUBDIVISION (2018)

Dual comb spectroscopy holds the promise of bringing the bandwidth, resolution and sensitivity advantages of direct frequency comb spectroscopy to the mainstream. Replacing complex Fourier transform interferometer (FTIR) or virtually imaged phased array (VIPA) detectors with a simple photo diode potentially leads to compact, robust, field-usable measurement setups. In exchange, some of that complexity is then shifted to the laser source, usually leading to the requirement of two identical mode-locked lasers, actively stabilized to each other. However, such a dual comb source can be significantly simplified by generating two pulse trains using a single laser cavity, with the advantage of passive mutual coherence due to common-mode noise cancellation in the down converted radio frequency (RF) comb.\n\n\n\nWe introduce a new, particularly flexible, method to generate a single-cavity dual comb, exploiting independent mode-locking within two isolated spectral regions of the gain profile, created by intra-cavity spectral filtering. By setting a non-zero cavity dispersion we generate stable pulse trains with different repetition rates. These are made to overlap spectrally via successive spectral broadening in a non-linear fiber, yielding a compact, fully useable dual comb source. The underlying concept is generally applicable to nearly all kinds of passively mode-locked lasers, including state-of-the-art all-fiber types. \n\n\n\nWe demonstrate its feasibility in a nonlinear polarization evolution (NPE) mode-locked Yb:fiber laser. Spectral filtering is introduced in the free-space section of the grating compressor by mechanically blocking a central frequency band using a needle-shaped object. Fine control over its position and thickness allows for easy tuneability of the spectral separation and dual-laser operation. The laser features two independently mode-locked pulse trains centered around 1015 nm and 1040 nm, respectively, with a spectral width of about 10 nm each. Their pump-power limited repetition rates are around 20 MHz with a difference tuneable from 10 kHz down to 750 Hz. In a proof-of-principle experiment the laser output was spectrally broadened and further amplified, producing a spectral overlap around 1030 nm with an average power of 40 mW over a bandwidth of 10 nm. Once properly stabilized and brought to higher repetition rates we expect to produce a stable downconverted RF comb. Even more robust implementations might for example involve the integration of spectral filtering in form of fiber Bragg gratings or dielectric filters into and all-fiber figure-9 laser. Nonlinear conversion schemes will further extend the spetral range into the Mid-IR or XUV regions.
Elucidation of the chemical structure of a novel antioxidant, rosmaridiphenol, isolated from rosemary (1984)

Abstract A novel antioxidant compound has been isolated and identified from the leaves of the Rosmarinus officinalis L. The compound, named rosmaridiphenol, is a diphenolic diterpene. When tested in lard, the antioxidant activity of this compound was superior to BHA. Structural elucidation of rosmaridiphenol was accomplished by infrared spectroscopy (IR), mass spectroscopy (MS), 1 H‐NMR (nuclear magnetic resonance) and 13 C‐NMR spectroscopy.