gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Charge-induced ferromagnetic phase transition and anomalous Hall effect in full <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mml:mi>d</mml:mi></mml:math>-band nonmagnetic metals (2019)

Motivated by the rich physics of electric-field control of magnetic properties observed in recent experiments, we use the first-principles calculations to investigate charge-transfer-induced magnetism of the full $d$-band nonmagnetic metals. A ferromagnetic phase transition initiated by an electric-field-induced charge transfer was found for all full $d$-band nonmagnetic metals. Beside the ordinary Hund's rules in Cu and Ag, a more complex correlation between the charge and the induced magnetization has been found, especially in Pd. The origin of the abnormal charge-induced magnetization is determined by the Coulomb interaction-induced instability of spin degeneracy at specific charges. In addition, a large nontrivial anomalous Hall effect has been discovered, and the sign of the anomalous Hall conductivity can change as charge number varies, a feature potentially useful for future spintronic applications.
Parallel programming with message passing and directives (2001)

The authors discuss methods for expressing and tuning the performance of parallel programs, using two programming models in the same program: distributed and shared memory. Such methods are important for anyone who uses these large machines for parallel programs as well as for those who study combinations of the two programming models. The article outlines applications in hydrology, computational chemistry, general science, seismic processing, aeronautics, and computational physics. Emphasizing both I/O and computation, they apply several numerical methods including finite element analysis, wave equation integration, linear algebra subroutines, fast Fourier transforms (FFTs), filters, and a variety of PDEs (partial differential equations) and ODEs (ordinary differential equations).
Machine Learning in Compiler Optimisation (2018)

In the last decade, machine learning based compilation has moved from an an obscure research niche to a mainstream activity. In this article, we describe the relationship between machine learning and compiler optimisation and introduce the main concepts of features, models, training and deployment. We then provide a comprehensive survey and provide a road map for the wide variety of different research areas. We conclude with a discussion on open issues in the area and potential research directions. This paper provides both an accessible introduction to the fast moving area of machine learning based compilation and a detailed bibliography of its main achievements.
<title>Range imaging sensor with no moving parts</title> (1996)

An angular scan triangulation range sensor using an integrated array of light-emitting diodes (LEDs) and a lateral-effect position-sensing detector is described in the paper. A range map is obtained by means of fast electronic scanning of the LEDs of the array. No moving parts are needed for the scanning. The sensor output is a set of object surface coordinates or other parameters describing the shape, size and position of the object. A compact version of the sensor was manufactured and tested to perform angle measurements and surface profile determination for obstacle detection and collision avoidance in the blasting robot applications. Based on the experimental tests of the sensor within the range 0.2 - 2 m, it is found that the performance of the sensor is sufficient for many applications in profile measurement and obstacle detection in robotics and machine automation.
Effects of enamel matrix proteins on proliferation, differentiation and attachment of human alveolar osteoblasts (2011)

These results indicate that EMPs may inhibit osteoblastic differentiation and attachment to prevent ankylosis and allow other cell types to regenerate periodontal tissues.
A Novel, Erythroid Cell-Specific Murine Transcription Factor that Binds to the CACCC Element and is Related to the <i>Krüppel</i> Family of Nuclear Proteins† (1993)

We describe a novel erythroid cell-specific cDNA (EKLF [erythroid Krüppel-like factor]) isolated by enriching for genes expressed in a mouse erythroleukemia cell line but not expressed in a mouse monocyte-macrophage cell line. The complete cDNA sequence is predicted to encode a protein of approximately 38,000 Da that contains a proline-rich amino domain and three TFIIIA-like zinc fingers within the carboxy domain. Additional sequence analyses reveal that the EKLF zinc fingers are most homologous to the Krüppel family of transcription factors and also allow us to predict potential DNA-binding target sites for the EKLF protein. On the basis of this prediction, we show that EKLF is able to bind the sequence CCA CAC CCT, an essential element of the beta-globin promoter. Its tissue distribution establishes that the EKLF transcript is expressed only in bone marrow and spleen, the two hematopoietic organs of the mouse, and analysis of murine cell lines indicates that EKLF expression is limited to erythroid and mast cell lines. Cotransfection assays establish that EKLF transcriptionally activates a target promoter that contains its DNA-binding site. The tissue expression pattern of EKLF, in conjunction with its function as a transcriptional activator, strongly suggests that the EKLF protein may be intimately involved in establishment and/or maintenance of the erythroid cell phenotype.
Recent developments in liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry analyses of ghrelin and related peptides (2016)

Profiling and monitoring concentrations of key hormones in body have long been critical aims in clinical therapy. As a crucial hormone, identification and quantification of ghrelin is a fundamental, often key, step in understanding human physiological mechanisms. Through the advances and improvements of different analytical techniques, ghrelin measurement is generally feasible, and the number of successful reports is progressively being increased with new aspects of selectivity, sensitivity and ease of use in various circumstances. Herein we discuss current chromatographic methods for sample collection, separation and a mass spectrometry method for detection and measurement of ghrelin and other proghrelin-derived peptides in biological metrics. We describe the most commonly applied analytical LC-MS procedures for determination of proghrelin-derived peptides and provide illustrative instances representing the state of the art. This review is intended for bioanalytical chemists or clinical researchers who are interested in this field of research.
Vorvida: study protocol of a randomized controlled trial testing the effectiveness of Internet-based self-help program for the reduction of alcohol consumption for adults (2016)

German Clinical Trial Registration (DRKS): DRKS00006104. Registered 14 April 2014.
Detailed 3D Representations for Object Recognition and Modeling (2013)

Geometric 3D reasoning at the level of objects has received renewed attention recently in the context of visual scene understanding. The level of geometric detail, however, is typically limited to qualitative representations or coarse boxes. This is linked to the fact that today's object class detectors are tuned toward robust 2D matching rather than accurate 3D geometry, encouraged by bounding-box-based benchmarks such as Pascal VOC. In this paper, we revisit ideas from the early days of computer vision, namely, detailed, 3D geometric object class representations for recognition. These representations can recover geometrically far more accurate object hypotheses than just bounding boxes, including continuous estimates of object pose and 3D wireframes with relative 3D positions of object parts. In combination with robust techniques for shape description and inference, we outperform state-of-the-art results in monocular 3D pose estimation. In a series of experiments, we analyze our approach in detail and demonstrate novel applications enabled by such an object class representation, such as fine-grained categorization of cars and bicycles, according to their 3D geometry, and ultrawide baseline matching.
<i>adegenet</i>: a R package for the multivariate analysis of genetic markers (2008)

Stable version is available from CRAN: http://cran.r-project.org/mirrors.html. Development version is available from adegenet website: http://adegenet.r-forge.r-project.org/. Both versions can be installed directly from R. adegenet is distributed under the GNU General Public Licence (v.2).
The Current Practice of Transarterial Chemoembolization for the Treatment of Hepatocellular Carcinoma (2009)

Despite remarkable advancement in the surveillance and treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and the availability of novel curative options, a great proportion of HCC patients are still not eligible for curative treatment due to an advanced tumor stage or poor hepatic functional reserve. Therefore, there is a continuing need for effective palliative treatments. Although practiced widely, it has only recently been demonstrated that the use of transarterial chemoembolization (TACE) provides a survival benefit based on randomized controlled studies. Hence, TACE has become standard treatment in selected patients. TACE combines the effect of targeted chemotherapy with the effect of ischemic necrosis induced by arterial embolization. Most of the TACE procedures have been based on iodized oil utilizing the microembolic and drug-carrying characteristic of iodized oil. Recently, there have been efforts to improve the delivery of chemotherapeutic agents to a tumor. In this review, the basic principles, technical issues and complications of TACE are reviewed and recent advancement in TACE technique and clinical applicability are briefed.
Selenium heterocycles XII. Heat induced transformation of 1,2,3‐Selenadiazoles to disubstituted selenophenes (1973)

Abstract 4‐Aryl‐1, 2, 3‐selenadiazoles when subjected to heat afforded 2, 5‐diarylselenophenes and small quantities of 2,4‐diarylseneophenes. Monoarylacetylenes and selenium behaved similarly. Phenylacetylene and sulfur gave 2,4‐diphenylthiophene. Mechanistic aspects of these reactions are discussed.
Scaling of passively mode-locked soliton erbium waveguide lasers based on slow saturable absorbers (2008)

We assess the scaling potential of high repetition rate, passively mode-locked erbium-doped soliton lasers. Our analysis focuses on three recently demonstrated lasers using saturable Bragg reflectors (SBR) as the mode-locking element. We use the soliton Area theorem to establish the limitations to increasing the repetition rate based on insufficient intracavity pulse energy, SBR properties, and dispersion engineering. Finally, we examine possible approaches to alleviate these limitations by changing the laser's structure and composition.
Control of spin injection by direct current in lateral spin valves (2009)

The spin injection and accumulation in metallic lateral spin valves with transparent interfaces are studied using dc injection current. Unlike ac-based techniques, this allows the investigation of the effects of the direction and magnitude of the injected current. We find that the spin accumulation is reversed by changing the direction of the injected current, whereas its magnitude does not change. The injection mechanism for both current directions is thus perfectly symmetric, leading to the same spin injection efficiency for both spin types. This result is accounted for by a spin-dependent diffusion model. Joule heating increases considerably the local temperature in the spin valves when high-current densities are injected ($\ensuremath{\sim}80--105\text{ }\text{K}$ for $1--2\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}{10}^{7}\text{ }\text{A}\text{ }{\text{cm}}^{\ensuremath{-}2}$), strongly affecting the spin accumulation.
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease * 1: Susceptibility factors for COPD the genotype-environment interaction (2002)

Genetic factors including alpha(1)-antitrypsin deficiency are important in COPD. Candidate gene association studies in COPD are reviewed. Efforts to identify interactions between genetic factors and environmental determinants such as smoking may lead to improved understanding of the pathogenesis of the disease.
(Invited) White LEDs Using Oxynitride Green Phosphor and Mn-Doped Red Phosphor for Wide-Color Gamut Display Applications (2016)

β-sialon (Si 6-z Al z O z N 8-z ):Eu oxynitride phosphor is suitable to be used as a green phosphor for the wide-color gamut white LEDs backlighting system, when combined with a blue LED chip and CaAlSiN 3 :Eu red phosphor, because of its sharp and asymmetric emission spectrum shape.[1, 2] The display color gamut can be widened by the utilization of β-sialon:Eu because its emission spectrum is blue shifted and width of the emission spectrum is narrowed with decreasing z value down to less than 0.1. [3] β-sialon:Eu with low z values of less than 0.1 hereinafter referred to “sharp β-sialon:Eu”. However, the color gamut of the display with sharp β-sialon:Eu and CaAlSiN 3 :Eu is restricted due to the large full-width at half maximum of the emission spectrum of CaAlSiN 3 :Eu (> 90 nm).In this work, we attempted to use the K 2 SiF 6 :Mn phosphor as an alternative red phosphor which has a sharp emission spectrum, and a sharp β-sialon:Eu as the green phosphor, for the purpose of improving the display color gamut and brightness. White LEDs were fabricated by combining a InGaN blue LED chip peaked at 445nm and sharp β-sialon:Eu (z=0.05) as a green phosphor and K 2 SiF 6 :Mn or CaAlSiN 3 :Eu as a red phosphor. Figure 1 shows emission spectra of fabricated white LEDs and the transmittance spectra of RGB filter are also shown in Fig. 1. Table I shows the color gamut and the brightness of the displays using the white LEDs as the backlight devices. The display using K 2 SiF 6 :Mn showed wider NTSC ratios and higher brightness compared to that using CaAlSiN 3 :Eu. The superiority of the display using K 2 SiF 6 :Mn shown in Table I was mainly attributed to the very narrow emission spectrum of the red phosphor. Moreover, the color gamut of the display with the sharp β-sialon:Eu phosphor and K 2 SiF 6 :Mn phosphor was mostly able to cover the NTSC triangles as shown in Fig. 2. [1] N. Hirosaki, R-J. Xie, K. Kimoto, T. Sekiguchi, Y. Yamamoto, T. Suehiro, and M. Mitomo, Appl.Phys.Lett. 86 , 211905 (2005). [2] R.-J. Xie, N. Hirosaki, and T. Takeda, Appl. Phys. Express. 2 , 200401 (2009). [3] K. Takahashi, K. Yoshimura, M. Harada, Y. Tomomura, T. Takeda, R.-J. Xie, and N. Hirosaki, Sci. Adv. Mater. 13 , 015004 (2012). Figure 1
Event detection from flickr data through wavelet-based spatial analysis (2009)

Detecting events from web resources has attracted increasing
Using Protein Expressions to Predict Survival in Clear Cell Renal Carcinoma (2004)

Protein expressions obtained using widely available technology can complement standard clinical predictors such as TNM stage, histological grade, and PS.
Lipid acyl chain-dependent effects of sterols in Acholeplasma laidlawii membranes (1987)

Acholeplasma laidlawii was grown with different fatty acids for membrane lipid synthesis (saturated straight- and branched-chain acids and mono- and di-unsaturated acids). The ability of 12 different sterols to affect cell growth, lipid head group composition, the order parameter of the acyl chains, and the phase equilibria of in vivo lipid mixtures was studied. The following two effects were observed with respect to cell growth: with a given acyl chain composition of the membrane lipids, growth was stimulated, unaffected, reduced, or completely inhibited (lysis), depending on the sterol structure; and the effect of a certain sterol depended on the acyl chain composition (most striking for epicoprostanol, cholest-4-en-3-one, and cholest-5-en-3-one, which stimulated growth with saturated acyl chains but caused lysis with unsaturated chains). The three lytic sterols were the only sterols that caused a marked decrease in the ratio between the major lipids monoglucosyldiglyceride and diglucosyldiglyceride and hence a decrease in bilayer stability when the membranes were enriched in saturated (palmitoyl) chains. With these chains correlations were found for several sterols between the glucolipid ratio and the order parameter of the acyl chains, as well as the lamellar-reversed hexagonal phase transition, in model systems. A shaft experiment revealed a marked decrease in the ratio of monoglucosyldiglyceride to diglucosyldiglyceride with the lytic sterols in unsaturated (oleoyl) membranes. The two cholestenes induced nonlamellar phases in in vivo mixtures of oleoyl A. laidlawii lipids. The order parameters of the oleoyl chains were almost unaffected by the sterols. Generally, the observed effects cannot be explained by an influence of the sterols on the gel-to-liquid crystalline phase transition.
IncHI2 Plasmids Are the Key Vectors Responsible for <i>oqxAB</i> Transmission among Salmonella Species (2016)

This study reported and analyzed the complete sequences of two oqxAB-bearing IncHI2 plasmids harbored by a clinical Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium strain and an S Indiana strain of animal origin, respectively. In particular, pA3T recovered from S Indiana comprised the resistance determinants oqxAB, aac(6')Ib-cr, fosA3, and bla<sub>CTX-M-14</sub> Further genetic screening of 63 oqxAB-positive Salmonella isolates revealed that the majority carried IncHI2 plasmids, confirming that such plasmids play a pivotal role in dissemination of oqxAB in Salmonella spp.
AS/400 64-bit powerPC-compatible processor implementation (2002)

An implementation of the 64-bit PowerPC Architecture optimized for the IBM AS/400 commercial environment is described. This 64-bit BiCMOS semicustom implementation runs at a clock rate of 170 MHz. The processor features a 4-way superscalar pipelined fixed point unit which can dispatch and execute up to 4 instructions each cycle, a floating point unit with a peak rate of 500 MFLOPs, 8-Kbyte L0 instruction cache, 256-Kbyte L1 cache, and support for 64-Gbyte of main storage. A 4-way rightly-coupled symmetric multi-processor system is one of several configurations supported by this implementation.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Self-imaging in photonic crystals in a subwavelength range (1999)

Self-imaging was observed in simulations and in microwave experiments that were performed on a face-centered cubic photonic crystal structure. The structure was composed of dielectric spheres that generally were smaller than the incident wavelength. Such self-imaging phenomena occurred along the direction of propagation and at distances smaller than the propagating wavelength.
Sensorless position detection in PM synchronous motors by injecting a high-frequency zero-sequence carrier (2009)

Based on the magnetic saliencies of a PM synchronous motor, it is possible to indirectly detect the position of the rotor by measuring only electric variables. This is the case of the sensorless or self-sensing methods. Even in motors with surface mounted magnets the magnetic saliencies are present due to the saturation that the rotor flux produces in the stator. In order to track these saliencies, an exploring signal is usually injected through the inverter of the drive. By using the inverter, the exploring signal is limited in frequency, limiting in turn the dynamics of the position detection. Furthermore, the exploring signal may detrimentally interact with the controller, it produces audible noise and the sensorless algorithm must be embedded with the controller. A new approach consists in injecting the carrier through a small auxiliary inverter. This method allowed implementing the position detection with total independency of the control algorithm, modulation method and frequency used in the main inverter. This can be an advantage in high power drives where the switching frequency is kept low. The auxiliary inverter must feed only a few watts. However, it is a three-phase one, must be coupled with a three-phase transformer and filter system, and requires to be driven with a rather complex space vector-PWM. The new sensorless method proposed in the present paper also uses an auxiliary inverter, but requires a much simpler hardware system. It uses a one-phase inverter connected to the neutral point of the motor and generates only a square wave voltage with fixed frequency and amplitude. In addition, it will be shown that by injecting the carrier in the neutral point, a higher sensitivity to the magnetic saliency is obtained than by the usual methods. An analysis of the advantages and difficulties of the proposed method, as well as experimental results, are presented.
Functionalization of Thioctic Acid-Capped Gold Nanoparticles for Specific Immobilization of Histidine-Tagged Proteins (2005)

This paper presents an efficient strategy for the specific immobilization of fully functional proteins onto the surface of nanoparticles. Thioctic acid-derivatized gold clusters are used as a scaffold for further stepwise modification, leading to a cobalt(II)-terminated ligand shell. A histidine tag introduced by genetic engineering into a protein is coordinated to this transition metal ion. The specific immobilization has been demonstrated for the cases of a genetically engineered horseradish peroxidase and ferredoxin-NADP(+) reductase, confirming the attachment of the fully functional proteins to the Co(II)-terminated nanointerface. The absence of nonspecific protein adsorption and the specificity of the binding site have been verified using several analogues of the enzymes without the histidine tag.
Purification and characterization of five different α subunits of guanine‐nucleotide‐binding proteins in bovine brain membranes (1990)

We have purified five different alpha subunits of guanine-nucleotide-binding proteins (G proteins) from bovine brain membranes as active forms bound to guanosine 5'-[gamma-thio]triphosphate (GTP[gamma S]). All the purified alpha subunits were interacted with beta gamma subunits and served as a substrate for pertussin-catalyzed ADP-ribosylation. Based on the findings of immunoblot analyses using specific antibodies raised against various alpha subunits of G proteins, three of them were identified as alpha i-1, alpha i-2 and alpha i-3, and the other two were classified into alpha o type. One of the alpha o-type proteins was the most abundant in the brain membranes (termed alpha o), and the other (alpha o2) appeared to differ from alpha o in its proteolytic digestion data. The physiological properties of these purified GTP[gamma S]-bound alpha subunits towards adenylate cyclase and atrial muscarinic K+ channels were studied. The nucleotide-bound forms of alpha i-1, alpha i-2, alpha i-3 and alpha o2 inhibited the adenylate cyclase activity of S49 cyc- membranes which had been reconstituted with GTP[gamma S]-treated Gs; this inhibition appeared to be mainly competitive with the activated Gs, alpha i-1 having the most potent inhibitory activity among them. GTP[gamma S]-bound alpha o, however, could not inhibit the Gs-stimulated activity at all. On the other hand, all the GTP[gamma S]-bound alpha subunits activated atrial muscarinic K+ channels, accompanied by a lag time, at picomolar concentrations. The beta gamma subunits resolved from G proteins also activated the K+ channels without a lag time at nanomolar concentration. The maximum activation by the beta gamma subunits appeared to be more potent than that by any of the alpha subunits. These results suggest that alpha and beta gamma subunits might activate the K+ channels by mechanisms different from each other.