gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Composite Right/Left-Handed Transmission Line Based Compact Resonant Antennas for RF Module Integration (2006)

Several electrically small resonant antennas employing the composite right/left-handed transmission line (CRLH-TL) are presented for integration with portable RF modules. The proposed antenna designs are based on the unique property of anti-parallel phase and group velocity of the CRLH-TL at its fundamental mode. In this mode, the propagation constant increases as the frequency decreases, therefore, a small guided wavelength can be obtained at a lower frequency to provide the small /spl lambda//sub g//2 resonant length used to realize a compact antenna design. Furthermore, the physical size and the operational frequency of the antenna depend on the unit cell size and the equivalent transmission line model parameters of the CRLH-TL, including series inductance, series capacitance, shunt inductance and shunt capacitance. Optimization of these parameters as well as miniaturization techniques of the physical size of unit cell is investigated. A four unit-cell resonant antenna is designed and tested at 1.06 GHz. The length, width and height of the proposed antenna are 1/19/spl lambda//sub 0/, 1/23/spl lambda//sub 0/ and 1/83/spl lambda//sub 0/, respectively. In addition, a compact antenna using a 2-D three by three mushroom like unit cell arrangement is developed at 1.17 GHz, showing that an increased gain of 0.6 dB and higher radiation efficiency can be achieved over the first prototype antenna. The same design is applied in the development of a circularly polarized antenna operating at 2.46 GHz. A 116/spl deg/ beamwidth with axial ratio better than 3 dB is observed. The physical size of the proposed mushroom type small antenna and the circularly polarized antenna is 1/14/spl lambda//sub 0/ by 1/14/spl lambda//sub 0/ by 1/39/spl lambda//sub 0/ and 1/10/spl lambda//sub 0/ by 1/10/spl lambda//sub 0/ by 1/36/spl lambda//sub 0/, respectively.
Nanoengineered ferrofluid deformable mirrors: a progress report (2006)

We give a progress report on a new class of versatile optical elements pioneered by our laboratory. By coating ferromagnetic liquids we create reflective surfaces that can be shaped with magnetic fields, allowing us to make complex wavefronts that can vary rapidly in time. This new technology is capable of achieving complex surfaces that cannot be obtained with existing technology. The short-term objective is to perfect the technology for adaptive optics for both astronomical and ophthalmology applications. We have made a functional 112 actuator deformable mirror and characterized the ferrohydrodynamic response of the actuators. We have used high speed sensors to analyze the mirror surface subject to transient and periodic driving forces. We have developed algorithms to shape the surfaces. We have made new types of ferrofluids that are easier to coat with our nanoengineered layers. Theoretical model shown how the mirror parameters can be tuned as function of the applications. Challenges in design are outlined, as are advantages over traditional deformable mirrors.
Reduced Graphene Oxide Molecular Sensors (2008)

We demonstrate reduced graphene oxide as the active material for high-performance molecular sensors. Sensors are fabricated from exfoliated graphene oxide platelets that are deposited to form an ultrathin continuous network. These graphene oxide networks are tunably reduced toward graphene by varying the exposure time to a hydrazine hydrate vapor. The conductance change of the networks upon exposure to trace levels of vapor is measured as a function of the chemical reduction. The level of reduction affects both the sensitivity and the level of 1/ f noise. The sensors are capable of detecting 10 s exposures to simulants of the three main classes of chemical-warfare agents and an explosive at parts-per-billion concentrations.
Organic thin-film transistor fabrication using a laser printer (Conference Presentation) (2017)

Organic electronic materials are desirable due to facile and low-cost manufacturing through solution deposition. However, the inherit difficulties of reproducibility and solvent compatibility, as well as the hazards associated with the solvents, have stifled the progress of realizing practical solution-deposition methods. As a result, organic thin-films used in industry are typically produced by thermal evaporation techniques, which largely negate the benefits due to the higher cost and complexity of vacuum and evaporation equipment. Here we report the use of a conventional office laser printer to electrophotographically deposit the organic semiconductor layer in thin-film transistors. We have successfully used this solvent-free, low-cost method to produce the first laser-printed organic semiconductor layer in thin-film transistors. We printed on flexible and transparent polyethylene terephthalate (PET) substrates. We used the highly hydrophobic fluoropolymer Cytop as the dielectric in a bottom-gate, bottom-contact configuration, a feat that is not possible with traditional solution-deposition. The organic semiconductor layer consisted of a toner powder based on triisopropylsilylethynyl pentacene (TIPS Pn). Grazing incidence wide-angle X-ray scattering (GIWAXS) images indicated both edge- and face-on orientations of the semiconductor for these devices while electrical measurements revealed field-effect mobilities up to 10-3 cm2V¬-1s-1 and on/off current ratio of 103. Our method has the combined advantages of low temperature and ambient pressure deposition while eliminating the drawbacks of solvents or the high cost of evaporation equipment. Further, as a digital printing method, the laser-printed layer is easily patternable as designed by any convenient graphics software. Since the powder is transferred in a dry state, surface dewetting is no longer an issue, which opens the door to even more substrate/dielectric materials that would otherwise reject solutions from adhering.
Methods for joint optimization of mask and design targets for improving lithographic process window (2013)

Low-k 1 lithography results in features that suffer from poor lithographic yield in the presence of process variation. The problem is especially pronounced for lower-level metals used for local routing, where bi-directionality and tight pitches give rise to lithography unfriendly layout patterns. However, there exists inherent unutilized flexibility in design shapes, e.g., one can modify such wires without significantly affecting design behavior. We develop two different techniques to simultaneously modify mask and design shapes during optical proximity correction (OPC) to improve lithographic yield of low-level metal layers. The methods utilize image slope information, which is available during OPC image simulations at no extra cost, as a measure of lithographic process window. We first propose a method that identifies fragments with low normalized image log slope (NILS) and then use this NILS information to guide dynamic target modification between iterations of OPC. The method uses a pre-characterized lookup table to assign a different magnitude of local target correction to different NILS bins. Next we develop an optimization flow where we derive a cost function that maximizes both contour fidelity and robustness to drive our simultaneous mask and target optimization (SMATO) method. We develop analytical equations to predict the cost for a given mask and target modification and use a fast algorithm to minimize this cost function to obtain an optimal mask and target solution. Our experiments on sample 1× (M1) layouts show that the use of SMATO reduces the process manufacturability index (PMI) by 15.4% compared with OPC, which further leads to 69% reduction in the number of layout hotspots. Additionally, such improvement is obtained at low average runtime overhead (5.5%). Compared with process window optical proximity correction (PWOPC), we observe 4.6% improvement in PMI at large (2.6× ) improvement in runtime.
Uplink Interference Reduction in Large-Scale Antenna Systems (2017)

A massive MIMO system entails a large number (tens or hundreds) of base station antennas serving a much smaller number of terminals. These systems demonstrate large gains in spectral and energy efficiency compared with the conventional MIMO technology. As the number of antennas grows, the performance of a massive MIMO system gets limited by the interference caused by pilot contamination. Ashikhmin and Marzetta proposed (under the name of Pilot Contamination Precoding) large scale fading precoding (LSFP) and large scale fading decoding (LSFD) based on limited cooperation between base stations. They showed that zero-forcing LSFP and LSFD eliminate pilot contamination entirely and lead to an infinite throughput as the number of antennas grows. In this paper, we focus on the uplink and show that even in the case of a finite number of base station antennas, LSFD yields a very large performance gain. In particular, one of our algorithms gives a more than 140 fold increase in the 5% outage data transmission rate! We show that the performance can be improved further by optimizing the transmission powers of the users. Finally, we present decentralized LSFD that requires limited cooperation only between neighboring cells.
A Phase II Study of Effect of Addition of Trichosanthin to Zidovudine in Patients with HIV Disease and Failing Antiretroviral Agents (1994)

Patients infected with HIV, including those with AIDS-related complex and AIDS, and failing treatment with antiretroviral agents such as zidovudine, have been evaluated following addition of trichosanthin to the antiretroviral agent regimen. This ribosomal inhibitory protein is specifically cytotoxic for HIV-infected macrophages and lymphocytes. Ninety-three patients were treated with trichosanthin, using a schedule of weekly, then monthly, intravenous injections of 1.2 mg of drug in combination with antiretroviral agents, usually zidovudine. Side effects included myalgias, fevers, mild elevation in liver function tests, and mild-moderate anaphylactic reactions, which respond well to therapy with steroids and/or benedryl. Reversible mental status changes were noted in two patients, both receiving concomitant therapy with ddI. Clinical responses to trichosanthin treatment were monitored primarily by changes in laboratory parameters, particularly levels of CD4+ T lymphocytes. In the total population evaluated for efficacy (85 patients) there was a significant increase in CD4+ cell levels after initiation of trichosanthin therapy. A second analysis performed on 72 patients measured the rate of change of CD4+ cells during therapy, using an "area under the curve" analysis. During therapy there was a median increase of 1.2 cells/mm3/month. In patients in the top 25th percentile, this increase was greater than 8.4 cells/mm3/month. In 59 of the 72 patients, responses could also be monitored by comparing the rate of loss of CD4+ cell levels on antiretroviral agents (zidovudine or ddI) alone, during the year prior to initiation of trichosanthin, to the rate of change when trichosanthin was added to the treatment regimen. During the period before trichosanthin treatment (311 +/- 11.7 days) the median loss of CD4+ cells was 6.91 cells/mm3/month. Addition of trichosanthin to the treatment regimen resulted in a median gain of 1.1 CD4+ cells/mm3/month.
Temperature-sensitive long-period fiber gratings for wideband tunable filters (2003)

We present a new type of long-period fiber gratings with enhanced temperature sensitivity of 80 nm/100/spl deg/C via the use of specially designed polymer. New structures are presented, which should enable tunable filters for communications systems.
Toward technically feasible and economically efficient integration of distributed energy resources (2019)

This paper formulates the efficient and feasible participation of distributed energy resources (DERs) in complex electricity services as a centralized nonlinear optimization problem first. This problem is then re-stated using the novel energy/power transformed state space. It is shown that the DER dynamics in closed-loop can be made linear in this new state space. The decision making by the DERs then becomes a distributed model predictive control problem and it forms the basis for deriving physically implementable convex market bids. A multi-layered interactive optimization for clearing the distributed bids by higher layer decision makers, such as market aggregators, is posed and shown to lead to near-optimal system-level performance at the slower market clearing rates. A proof-of-concept example is illustrated involving close to one hundred heterogeneous controllable DERs with real consumption data of a distribution feeder in Texas, contributing to automatic generation control (AGC).
Velocity fluctuation suppression of non-ideal PM synchronous motors (2014)

The problem with indirect torque control of brushless motors is that the commutator issues high frequency control signals which may not be precisely followed by the current controller due to its finite bandwidth. As a result, pulsation torque may appear at high velocities even though the commutator is calibrated to perfectly compensate the motor's position nonlinearity. This paper describes a modification to the commutation law based on Fourier coefficients in order to eliminate the velocity induce torque ripple. This is made possible by expressing the motor's current waveform as a function of not only the rotor angle but also the velocity and taking into account the amplifier dynamics model in the control design. A case study is appended that illustrates the proposed commutator nested inside a motion controller is able to eliminate the pulsation torque and velocity fluctuation at high velocities even if a low bandwidth amplifier is employed.
Fabrication of Suspended C-NEMS Structures by EB Writer and Pyrolysis Method (2005)

Carbon micro- and nanostructures has received widespread interest recently due to their potential applications in biomedical devices, chemical sensors, and microelectronics. In this work, we successfully fabricated carbon-micro and nano electromechanical systems (CMEMS/NEMS) by UV/EB lithography and pyrolysis method. Our starting material is a negative photoresist, SU-8. We tried to solve charging problem by forming a thin metal layer before EB writing using various methods, such as EB evaporation, sputtering system and thermal evaporation. By partly depositing a thin layer of a metal to prevent the repelling of negative charged electrons, we have successfully formed various suspended carbon structures, such as bridges and networks.
An identification approach to lighting control (2016)

The problem of daylight estimation in a smart lighting system is considered. The smart lighting system consists of multiple luminaires with collocated occupancy and light sensors. Using sensor information, the objective is to attain illumination levels higher than specified values at the workspaces. We consider a training phase wherein light sensors are used at the workspaces in addition. Data from the light sensors at the ceiling and workspaces is used to estimate the mapping across the sensors. In the operational phase, the estimated mapping is used at the lighting controller to obtain an estimate of the illuminance value at the workspaces. Under the constraint that the estimated illuminance is higher than a specified target value, the controller optimizes the dimming levels of the luminaires to minimize power consumption. We evaluate the performance of the proposed approach in an open-office lighting model by considering different daylight conditions.
A system for Cre-regulated RNA interference <i>in vivo</i> (2008)

We report a system for Cre-regulated expression of RNA interference in vivo. Expression cassettes comprise selectable and FACS-sortable markers in tandem with additional marker genes and shRNAs in the antisense orientation. The cassettes are flanked by tandem LoxP sites arranged so that Cre expression inverts the marker-shRNA construct, allowing its regulated expression (and, at the same time, deletes the original selection/marker genes). The cassettes can be incorporated into retroviral or lentiviral vectors and delivered to cells in culture or used to generate transgenic mice. We describe cassettes incorporating various combinations of reporter genes, miRNA-based RNAi (including two shRNA constructs at once), and oncogenes and demonstrate the delivery of effective RNA interference in cells in culture, efficient transduction into hematopoietic stem cells with cell-type-specific knockdown in their progeny, and rapid generation of regulated shRNA knockdown in transgenic mice. These vector systems allow regulated combinatorial manipulation (both overexpression and loss of function) of gene expression in multiple systems in vitro and in vivo.
Synthesis and catalytic consequences of delaminated layered zeolite precursors (2014)

We describe the synthesis of delaminated layered zeolite precursors and the catalytic advantages of these materials, when compared to conventional 3-D zeolites.
Oriented 2D Covalent Organic Framework Thin Films on Single-Layer Graphene (2011)

Covalent organic frameworks (COFs), in which molecular building blocks form robust microporous networks, are usually synthesized as insoluble and unprocessable powders. We have grown two-dimensional (2D) COF films on single-layer graphene (SLG) under operationally simple solvothermal conditions. The layered films stack normal to the SLG surface and show improved crystallinity compared with COF powders. We used SLG surfaces supported on copper, silicon carbide, and transparent fused silica (SiO(2)) substrates, enabling optical spectroscopy of COFs in transmission mode. Three chemically distinct COF films grown on SLG exhibit similar vertical alignment and long-range order, and two of these are of interest for organic electronic devices for which thin-film formation is a prerequisite for characterizing their optoelectronic properties.
Focused ultrasound stimulation of median nerve modulates somatosensory evoked responses (2019)

Chronic pain can be alleviated using paresthesia caused by electrical stimulation of peripheral nerves. However, the implantation of electrodes is necessary to increase the specificity and efficacy of the treatment. Alternatively, focused ultrasound (FUS) can noninvasively and selectively modulate nerve function, which could potentially be an alternative to inducing paresthesia. Here, we show initial feasibility of FUS stimulation in the peripheral nerve of healthy human subjects. Somatosensory evoked potential (SSEP) elicited by electrical stimulation of the median nerve is demonstrated to decrease in amplitude while FUS is concurrently applied on the median nerve. The suppression of SSEP signals indicates the modulation of sensory signaling to the brain, which can potentially be used to reduce pain.
Sulfanes: A new solution for sulphur disposal (2010)

Abstract Huge quantities of sulphur are yielded as by‐products in the oil and gas industry. Disposal raises a relevant environmental issue. Sulfanes, H 2 S n (n > 2), could be the ideal molecular form for sulphur disposal. They are up to 99% wt. made of sulphur and being liquid can be pumped into geological structures, even at room temperature. Since sulfanes can be synthesized only at low yield (<1%) by direct reaction between H 2 S and sulphur, we investigated a new amine‐catalyzed synthesis. Using aliphatic long‐chained amines as catalysts, it is possible to obtain sulfanes by direct H 2 S and sulphur reaction in almost quantitative yield. Structures of the sulfanes formed during this new reaction were studied by GC‐MS, LC‐MS and 1 H NMR, to investigate the nature of the complexes formed between amine and sulfane. © 2010 American Institute of Chemical Engineers Environ Prog, 2010
<title>Time-resolved 3D imaging of fluorescent objects in turbid media</title> (1995)

We present a single-ended technique for three-dimensional imaging of objects embedded in a turbid medium using time-resolved fluorescence emission. The technique employs the earliest- arriving photons, which we show are not sensitive to the relatively long fluorescence lifetime and thus can be used to provide accurate spatial information even at a distance equivalent to 100 mean free paths (mfps). Experiments to combine fluorescence spectroscopy with time- resolved optical tomography are also presented. In addition, with the aid of the multichannel detection of a streak camera, we are able to accurately localize an embedded fluorescent object in a single measurement. Application of time-resolved Raman spectroscopy is also explored.
Modulation of Reaction Kinetics for the Tuneable Synthesis of Gold Nanoparticles and Quantum Clusters: Application of Gold Quantum Clusters as “Turn‐Off” Sensing Probe for Sn<sup>4+</sup> Ions (2013)

The syntheses of gold nanoparticles (Au NPs) and gold quantum clusters (Au QCs) that employ cefadroxil (CFX; an antibiotic) as both reducing and capping agents are reported. The HAuCl<sub>4</sub> /CFX concentration, temperature, and pH are crucial factors in the modulation of the nucleation and growth kinetics of the reaction, and consequently, in guiding the size and morphology of as-synthesized Au NPs. Interesting results are observed if the reaction is performed under different pH conditions. TEM analysis of the Au NPs synthesized at pH 6 shows an average particle size of approximately 2 nm along with a relatively smaller population of bigger NPs (up to 6 nm). The Au QCs were isolated by high-speed centrifugation and showed fluorescence at λ≈460 nm. Furthermore, the as-synthesized Au QCs were applied as sensor for Sn<sup>4+</sup> ions on the basis of an aggregation-induced fluorescence quenching mechanism. These Au QCs offer acceptable sensitivity, high selectivity, and a limit of detection of approximately 10 μM for the determination of Sn<sup>4+</sup> ions.
Using residual resource consumption to resample top-k monitoring reports (2017)

Top-k reports are compound metrics that provide useful information when diagnosing problems in a system, e.g., to identify persistent CPU usage by a process. In large systems, these reports are collected at regular intervals and need to be resampled to a coarser granularity to answer user queries for different sampling periods, or to save space and make it possible to keep historical data for long term performance analysis. However, resampling top-k reports, i.e., aggregating several reports collected for small time intervals into a single top-k report can introduce inaccuracies. For example, a process that consistently uses CPU over the aggregation interval but did not make it to the short term top-k reports will be missing from the aggregated report. In this paper, we present an algorithm that collects top-k reports at regular intervals and can aggregate them with little or no error. This is done by including residual resource consumption of unreported, but potentially significant entities in the top-k reports, and using these residual values during aggregation. We show different approaches to including residual resource consumption in individual top-k reports, analyze the error introduced, and demonstrate the effectiveness of the algorithm in real-world scenarios.
Rotavirus Immunoglobulin A Responses Stimulated by Each of 3 Doses of a Quadrivalent Human/Bovine Reassortant Rotavirus Vaccine (2004)

A quadrivalent precursor to the pentavalent rotavirus vaccine candidate RotaTeq was evaluated in a 3-dose, 439-subject study. To determine immunogenicity, the quantity of rotavirus immunoglobulin A (IgA) in stool specimens obtained, at 1 of 10 study sites, from 37 placebo and 37 vaccine recipients was measured. None of the placebo recipients showed a clinically important (>/=3-fold) increase in stool rotavirus IgA, whereas 31 vaccine recipients showed an increase after at least 1 dose of vaccine. In total, 16, 19, and 15 vaccine recipients had increases after 1, 2, and 3 doses, respectively, indicating that a 3-dose regimen increased the immune response elicited by this vaccine.