gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Secondary recrystallization, crystallographic texture and magnetostriction in rolled Fe–Ga based alloys (2007)

The surface-energy-induced secondary recrystallization growth with a specific surface plane can be governed in polycrystalline Fe–Ga alloy doped with sulfur by controlling the segregation of sulfur through conventional rolling and texture annealing. Results that demonstrate the recrystallization, magnetostriction, and selective development of {100}⟨001⟩ and/or {110}⟨001⟩ preferred texture in Fe81.3Ga18.7 plus B (0.5–1.0at.%) and S (∼0.05at.%) alloys are presented in this work. The addition of boron was used to improve ductility by enhancing grain boundary cohesion during rolling. The as-rolled (Fe81.3Ga18.7)+0.5at.% B+0.005at.% S sheet had {100}⟨011⟩ and {111}⟨011⟩ rolling-texture grains. A near {100}⟨001⟩ texture was formed in fully (∼99%) secondary-recrystallized sheet that was annealed at 1200°C for 2h [(3∕2)λS=198ppm], while the texture of mostly (∼80%) secondary-recrystallized sheet annealed at 1100°C for 4h [(3∕2)λS=165ppm] was closer to {110}⟨001⟩. The maximum observed magnetostriction in samples with 0.005at.% S was 220ppm and was obtained as a result of a double annealing, with the resultant texture closer to the ideal {100}⟨001⟩ than the less desirable {110}⟨001⟩. The maximum magnetostriction of 150ppm observed in the (Fe81.3Ga18.7)+1.0at.% B+0.05at.% S sheet resulted when the sheet was annealed at 1200°C for 2h. This sheet had a major texture of {110}⟨112⟩ and minor textures of {110}⟨001⟩∕{100}⟨011⟩.
Resin Impregnation Technique for Bulk Superconductors. (2002)

In this review we summarize the present status of resin impregnation techniques for bulk high-temperature superconductors. Epoxy resin can permeate into the interior of bulk RE (rare earth element)-Ba-Cu-O superconductors when they are immersed in molten resin. Mechanical properties of resin-impregnated bulk RE-Ba-Cu-O are dramatically enhanced in addition to the enhancement of corrosion resistance. The thermal expansion coefficient can be controlled by adding quartz fillers to epoxy. Wrapping the bulk superconductors with carbon fabric prior to resin impregnation is effective in further enhancing the mechanical properties. Resin-impregnated bulk RE-Ba-Cu-O materials have already been employed for several practical applications.
Tiling light sheet selective plane illumination microscopy using discontinuous light sheets (2019)

Tiling light sheet selective plane illumination microscopy (TLS-SPIM) improves the 3D imaging ability of SPIM by using real-time optimized tiling light sheets. However, the imaging speed decreases and the raw image size increases due to the tiling process and additional camera exposures. The decreased imaging speed and the increased raw data could cause significant problems when TLS-SPIM is used to image large specimens at high spatial resolutions. Here, we present a novel method to solve the problem. Discontinuous light sheets created by scanning coaxial beam arrays synchronized with the detection camera rolling shutter are used in TLS-SPIM for 3D imaging. It improves the imaging efficiency of TLS-SPIM by reducing the number of tiles required per image plane without influencing the spatial resolution. We investigate the method via numerical simulations and experiments. We demonstrate the imaging ability of the TLS-SPIM using discontinuous light sheets and show the improved imaging efficiency by imaging optically cleared mouse brain.
Zebrafish Express the Common Parathyroid Hormone/Parathyroid Hormone-related Peptide Receptor (PTH1R) and a Novel Receptor (PTH3R) That Is Preferentially Activated by Mammalian and Fugufish Parathyroid Hormone-related Peptide (1999)

To further explore the evolution of receptors for parathyroid hormone (PTH) and PTH-related peptide (PTHrP), we searched for zebrafish (z) homologs of the PTH/PTHrP receptor (PTH1R). In mammalian genes encoding this receptor, exons M6/7 and M7 are highly conserved and separated by 81-84 intronic nucleotides. Genomic polymerase chain reaction using degenerate primers based on these exons led to two distinct DNA fragments comprising portions of genes encoding the zPTH1R and the novel zPTH3R. Sequence comparison of both full-length teleost receptors revealed 69% similarity (61% identity), but less homology with zPTH2R. When compared with hPTH1R, zPTH1R showed 76% and zPTH3R 67% amino acid sequence similarity; similarity with hPTH2R was only 59% for both teleost receptors. When expressed in COS-7 cells, zPTH1R bound [Tyr(34)]hPTH-(1-34)-amide (hPTH), [Tyr(36)]hPTHrP-(1-36)-amide (hPTHrP), and [Ala(29),Glu(30), Ala(34),Glu(35), Tyr(36)]fugufish PTHrP-(1-36)-amide (fuguPTHrP) with a high apparent affinity (IC(50): 1.2-3.5 nM), and was efficiently activated by all three peptides (EC(50): 1.1-1.7 nM). In contrast, zPTH3R showed higher affinity for fuguPTHrP and hPTHrP (IC(50): 2.1-11.1 nM) than for hPTH (IC(50): 118.2-127.0 nM); cAMP accumulation was more efficiently stimulated by fugufish and human PTHrP (EC(50): 0.47 +/- 0.27 and 0.45 +/- 0.16, respectively) than by hPTH (EC(50): 9.95 +/- 1.5 nM). Agonist-stimulated total inositol phosphate accumulation was observed with zPTH1R, but not zPTH3R.
Forwarding, Caching and Congestion Control in Named Data Networks (2013)

Emerging information-centric networking architectures seek to optimally utilize both bandwidth and storage for efficient content distribution. This highlights the need for joint design of traffic engineering and caching strategies, in order to optimize network performance in view of both current traffic loads and future traffic demands. We present a systematic framework for joint dynamic interest request forwarding and dynamic cache placement and eviction, within the context of the Named Data Networking (NDN) architecture. The framework employs a virtual control plane which operates on the user demand rate for data objects in the network, and an actual plane which handles Interest Packets and Data Packets. We develop distributed algorithms within the virtual plane to achieve network load balancing through dynamic forwarding and caching, thereby maximizing the user demand rate that the NDN network can satisfy. Next, we show that congestion control can be optimally combined with forwarding and caching within this framework to maximize user utilities subject to network stability. Numerical experiments within a number of network settings demonstrate the superior performance of the resulting algorithms for the actual plane in terms of high user utilities, low user delay, and high rate of cache hits.
Solar Torque Control By Using Thin-Film Directionally Sensitive Surfaces (2008)

This pa per presents a novel technique for passively compensating spacecraft sol ar pressure disturbance torques caused by large deployed appendages by use of thin -film materials with directionally sensitive thermophsyical properties . Directionally sensitive surfaces are engineered to have varying optical properties (absorptivity, refl ectivity, and emmisivity) as a function of sun incidence angle. The basic concept uses a directionally absorptive/reflective surface, mounted on the sun -side of the appendage, to passively compensate solar pressure disturbance torques by shifting the surf ace effective CP as a function of sun incidence angle. The surface optical properties and geometrical characteristics are design parameters which depend upon the spacecraft configuration. The paper first presents an introduction to motivate the need for t his innovative invention, the analytical models for calculating the solar pressure torques produced by a thin -film directionally sensitive surface, followed by a numerical example which illustrates the solar disturbance torque reduction achievable for a ty pical science spacecraft configuration. Finally, conclusions and recommendations for further research work are presented. The concepts presented in this pap er have been patented by Northrop Grumman Corporation .
Inter-Destination Media Synchronizaton for IPTV Environments (2014)

[RFC7272] describes the use of RTCP for the purpose of Inter-
Destination Media Synchronization (IDMS) between Synchronization
Clients (SCs) and an Media Synchronization Application Server (MSAS).
This document extends that work for application in the area of IPTV.
First, RTCP can be used according to the single source multicast (SSM)
principles from [RFC5760] in the IPTV application area. This document
specifies the use of a feedback target for collecting and possibly
summarizing IDMS reports. For this, the document defines 2 new sub-
report blocks for the use of IDMS according to the SSM principles.
Alternatively, the MSAS can be co-located with the Feedback Target,
for synchronizing small groups of receivers. Secondly, in an IPTV
environment, different viewers may receive the same content, but in
non-identical streams. The IDMS solution presented in [RFC7272] will
no longer work in such a case. This document provides a solution for
this.
Codes for Multi-Level Flash Memories: Correcting Asymmetric Limited-Magnitude Errors (2007)

Several physical effects that limit the reliability and performance of Multilevel Flash memories induce errors that have low magnitude and are dominantly asymmetric. This paper studies block codes for asymmetric limited-magnitude errors over q-ary channels. We propose code constructions for such channels when the number of errors is bounded by t. The construction uses known codes for symmetric errors over small alphabets to protect large-alphabet symbols from asymmetric limited-magnitude errors. The encoding and decoding of these codes are performed over the small alphabet whose size depends only on the maximum error magnitude and is independent of the alphabet size of the outer code. An extension of the construction is proposed to include systematic codes as a benefit to practical implementation.
cGMP production and analysis of BG505 SOSIP.664, an extensively glycosylated, trimeric HIV‐1 envelope glycoprotein vaccine candidate (2017)

We describe the properties of BG505 SOSIP.664 HIV-1 envelope glycoprotein trimers produced under current Good Manufacturing Practice (cGMP) conditions. These proteins are the first of a new generation of native-like trimers that are the basis for many structure-guided immunogen development programs aimed at devising how to induce broadly neutralizing antibodies (bNAbs) to HIV-1 by vaccination. The successful translation of this prototype demonstrates the feasibility of producing similar immunogens on an appropriate scale and of an acceptable quality for Phase I experimental medicine clinical trials. BG505 SOSIP.664 trimers are extensively glycosylated, contain numerous disulfide bonds and require proteolytic cleavage, all properties that pose a substantial challenge to cGMP production. Our strategy involved creating a stable CHO cell line that was adapted to serum-free culture conditions to produce envelope glycoproteins. The trimers were then purified by chromatographic methods using a 2G12 bNAb affinity column and size-exclusion chromatography. The chosen procedures allowed any adventitious viruses to be cleared from the final product to the required extent of >12 log<sub>10</sub> . The final cGMP production run yielded 3.52 g (peptidic mass) of fully purified trimers (Drug Substance) from a 200 L bioreactor, a notable yield for such a complex glycoprotein. The purified trimers were fully native-like as judged by negative-stain electron microscopy, and were stable over a multi-month period at room temperature or below and for at least 1 week at 50°C. Their antigenicity, disulfide bond patterns, and glycan composition were consistent with trimers produced on a research laboratory scale. The methods reported here should pave the way for the cGMP production of other native-like Env glycoprotein trimers of various designs and genotypes.
Tubing Buckling—The State of the Art (2008)

Summary Almost unique in engineering analysis is the problem of tubing buckling in wellbores. In general, structures loaded above their critical load fail catastrophically. Yet, both tubing and drillstrings are commonly operated above the critical load. These tubing strings do not fail because the wellbore provides the necessary support for "post-buckling" equilibrium. The two fundamental questions about tubing buckling are What is the critical load? What is the post-buckled configuration? The critical load tells us if the tubing will buckle. Euler solved the problem for "short" columns, but these results rarely have application in a wellbore because the pipes in a wellbore are usually very long (Timoshenko and Gere 1961). The first stability criterion that considered the stabilizing effect of weight on long pipes in inclined wellbores was developed by Dawson and Paslay (1984). The post-buckled configuration tells us about tubing movement, bending stresses, contact forces, and axial-load distributions. The original buckling analysis by Lubinski et al. (1962) proposed a helical configuration in a vertical wellbore and used the method of virtual work to determine a specific constant pitch for that helix as a function of the axial force and bending stiffness. These two works set the following themes for further analysis of tubing buckling: What is the critical buckling load in curved, 3D wellbores? How does torque affect the critical buckling load? How do tapered strings affect the critical buckling load? What is the buckling configuration in inclined wellbores? How do the boundary conditions affect the configuration? How do tapered strings buckle? How does torque affect the buckling configuration? What effect does friction play in tubing buckling? Many of these questions have been, at least, partly answered in the past three decades. This paper will examine the technical fundamentals of the tubing-buckling problem; summarize the most useful, new results from these papers, and discuss the remaining challenges in tubing-buckling analysis.
Engineered Phosphate Fertilizers with Dual-ReleaseProperties (2020)

A new\nstrategy to produce phosphate (P) fertilizers with both fast\nand slowly soluble P by the compaction method to produce composite\nproducts is presented. This unique composition is created by combining\nmonoammonium phosphate (MAP) as a highly soluble P nutrient source,\nwith a commercially available slow-release P such as struvite (Str)\nor P-loaded graphene oxide (GO). Graphene oxide-loaded P was synthesized\nby in situ oxidation of GO and ferrous ion (GO-Fe) mixtures with hydrogen\nperoxide and further loading of P onto the GO-Fe composite. The nutrient\nrelease in water was studied for dual-release MAP-Str and MAP-GO-Fe-P\nand compared to their corresponding slow- and fast-release sources.\nColumn perfusion experiments showed a biphasic dissolution behavior\nwith no significant difference between MAP-GO-Fe-P and MAP-Str. Visualization\nof P diffusion and chemical analysis of the soil after diffusion were\nused to assess the diffusion of P from different P fertilizers in\nvarious types of soil. Runoff and leaching simulations were performed\nto investigate the effects of the prepared fertilizer formulations\non the environment. Overall, the diffusion of the dual-release fertilizers\nand the P loss in runoff and leaching experiments were less than for\nMAP. The better environmental performance of the dual-release fertilizers\ncompared to MAP was related to the specific properties of the GO-based\nmaterials such as their two-dimensional structure and to the low solubility\nof the Str in the case of Str-based fertilizers.
DEFECTS – APPLICATIONS TO DISPLAY DEVICESTHERMAL RELAXATION RECORDING DEVICE ON SMECTIC LIQUID CRYSTALS (1976)

We describe here a device using a relaxation process in smectic A liquid crystals. Two stable structures can exist in the smectic A phase : one is a quasi homeotropic texture (optically transparent) and the other is a focal conic structure (scattering texture). The transition is obtained by locally heating the material to a temperature closed to the smectic nematic transition temperature. This effect is used to duplicate an image on a liquid crystal cell.
Evaluation of transgenic tomato plants expressing an additional phytoene synthase in a fruit-specific manner (2002)

Phytoene synthase from the bacterium Erwinia uredovora (crtB) has been overexpressed in tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill. cv. Ailsa Craig). Fruit-specific expression was achieved by using the tomato polygalacturonase promoter, and the CRTB protein was targeted to the chromoplast by the tomato phytoene synthase-1 transit sequence. Total fruit carotenoids of primary transformants (T(0)) were 2-4-fold higher than the controls, whereas phytoene, lycopene, beta-carotene, and lutein levels were increased 2.4-, 1.8-, and 2.2-fold, respectively. The biosynthetically related isoprenoids, tocopherols plastoquinone and ubiquinone, were unaffected by changes in carotenoid levels. The progeny (T(1) and T(2) generations) inherited both the transgene and phenotype. Determination of enzyme activity and Western blot analysis revealed that the CRTB protein was plastid-located and catalytically active, with 5-10-fold elevations in total phytoene synthase activity. Metabolic control analysis suggests that the presence of an additional phytoene synthase reduces the regulatory effect of this step over the carotenoid pathway. The activities of other enzymes in the pathway (isopentenyl diphosphate isomerase, geranylgeranyl diphosphate synthase, and incorporation of isopentenyl diphosphate into phytoene) were not significantly altered by the presence of the bacterial phytoene synthase.
Imaging the human retina and cone mosaic in vivo with PS-OCT (2007)

The application of polarization sensitive optical coherence tomography (PS-OCT) for imaging the human retina and the cone mosaic is presented. The system is based on a time domain technique which uses the fast (or priority) scan direction orthogonal to the incoming beam (parallel to the retinal surface). Using a resonant scanner operating at 4kHz, the system is capable to record 8000 transversal lines per second or 40 images per second (500(x)x200(y) pixels). There are some benefits of the transverse scanning technique for high transverse resolution imaging compared to fast A-scan based OCT systems (e.g. Fourier domain OCT). First, the possibility of dynamic focusing (to maintain high transverse resolution throughout imaging depth) and second the option of simultaneous recording of scanning laser ophthalmoscope (SLO) images. Since en-face images can be recorded with high speed, small structures in transverse direction (as the cone mosaic) can be recorded with greatly reduced motion artifacts. The instrument simultaneously retrieves backscattered intensity (standard OCT), retardation and fast axis orientation for each measurement location. Images with high isotropic resolution of the human retina including images of the cone mosaic are presented.
<title>Moire-free color halftoning using 2x2 printer modeling</title> (2000)

This paper introduces a moire-free color half toning algorithm. Moire patterns might appear in traditional halftone images. This could be caused by interference among halftone screens of different colors, or beating between he input image and the screens. In our algorithm, we adjust the halftone screens of different colors, or beating between the input image and the screens. In our algorithm, we adjust the halftone output in such a way that the low-frequency difference between the input and the appearance of the output is minimized. Due to non-linear color mixing, the appearance of a color print is not a simple combination of CMYK four channels, and is hence not easily predictable. We use the 2 by 2 printer model to estimate the pixel-level CIE-Lab values from the halftone output. Next we calculate the difference between the original CIE-Lab input image and the 2 by 2 estimation and run a low-pass filtering on the result. Then, we feed back the low-frequency difference into the input. The low-frequency-feedback process cancels the potential color moire patterns.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis and Antiulcer Activity of 4‐Substituted 8‐((2‐Benzimidazolyl)sulfinylmethyl)‐1,2,3,4‐tetrahydroquinolines and Related Compounds. (1990)

Abstract The fused oxazinone (VI), prepared from the hydroxymethylaniline (I) via consecutive ring closure with diphosgene (II) and the acrylate (V), is the key precursor of the title compounds, e.g. (XIX) or (XXI).
Arterial elastic modulus reconstruction from in-vivo strain image using arterial pressure equalization (2005)

A non-invasive free-hand ultrasound scanning procedure was performed to apply external force, comparable to the force generated in measuring a subject's blood pressure, to achieve higher strains by equalizing the internal arterial baseline pressure. An elastic modulus reconstruction procedure was developed to estimate the nonlinear elastic properties of the vascular wall from intramural strain measurements. The undistended elastic modulus of the diseased group is about an order of magnitude larger than that of the normal group. In-vivo measurements demonstrate the feasibility of the clinical application of this technique.
Neuropeptides as growth regulators (1989)

The classical role of neuropeptides as fast-acting neurohumoral signallers has recently been challenged by the discovery that many neuropeptides are also growth factors stimulating slow-acting mitogenesis. Their mechanisms of action have been studied in cell culture, and their cell-surface receptors have been characterized pharmacologically using agonists and antagonists. We describe the mitogenic effects of bombesin, vasopressin, bradykinin and vasoactive intestinal peptide in murine fibroblasts. We suggest that the receptors for bombesin, vasopressin and bradykinin have more than one binding site, permitting modulation of transmitted signals. As these neuropeptide receptors share the ability to mobilize intracellular Ca2+, their common domain may be essential to G-protein coupling.
Multi‐photon structuring of native polymers: A case study for structuring natural proteins (2013)

The trend of mimicking the real biological world has created an intensive search for methods that are able to engineer 3D‐structured biological environments using nano‐ and micro‐system technologies. Recently published methods show the design of 3D structures by multi‐photon induced polymerization of artificial polymers, such as chemically modified natural polymers. However, limitations of this approach are the long processing time and the fact that no native polymers have been used up to date. In this communication, a case study of multi‐photon structuring of unmodified, native proteins (e.g. collagen and fibrinogen) and liquids, such as natural human blood, or cell culture medium supplements, such as fetal calf serum, is presented. Based on a computer‐assisted process, the structures are polymerized precisely. Even adhesion and gluing of cells with this technique are possible. These encouraging results open new avenues for further inquiry, which are discussed in the paper.