gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
PEG-cross-linked heparin is an affinity hydrogel for sustained release of vascular endothelial growth factor (2005)

An affinity-based controlled release system for growth factors having heparin-binding domains was prepared using a cross-linked heparin gel. The heparin gel was made by reacting hydrazide-functionalized heparin (Hep-ADH) with the N-hydroxysuccinimidyl ester of poly(ethylene glycol)-bis-butanoic acid (SBA-PEG-SBA). The degree of cross-linking could be controlled by defining the stoichiometry of hydrazide modification and the PEG cross-linker addition. The release of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) was characterized as a heparin-binding growth factor. VEGF was directly injected into the heparin gel and the loaded VEGF displayed a slow, controlled release over 3 weeks with little initial burst phase. The biological activity of the released VEGF was measured with a proliferation assay utilizing human umbilical vein endothelial cells. The released VEGF maintained its biological activity at all time points investigated. The heparin gel with loaded VEGF was implanted sub-cutaneously in the dorsal region of mice. A significantly increased density of the endothelial cell marker platelet endothelial adhesion molecule (PECAM-1) was observed in histological specimens of the tissues surrounding the implanted gel.
Traceability in agriculture and food supply chain: A review of basic concepts, technological implications, and future prospects (2002)

In recent times, the accurate and timely traceability of products and activities in the supply chain has become a new factor in food and agribusiness. Increasingly, consumers in many parts of the world demand for verifiable evidence of traceability as an important criterion of food product quality/safety. This trend has been underpinned by several market-pull factors including increasing global demand for food products originating from diverse sources, high incidence of food-related health hazards and increasing concern over the impacts of genetically modified organisms (GMOs) on the human food chain and the environment. In order to meet consumer demands for consistent supply of top quality, safe and nutritious foods, as well as rebuild public confidence in the food chain, the design and implementation of full backward and forward traceable supply chains from farm to end-user has become an important part of the overall food quality assurance system. Farmers, postharvest handling operators, marketers, research practitioners and policy makers need good understanding of the concepts and implications of supply chain traceability to assist in developing and implementing appropriate technological interventions to meet consumer demands for traceable agricultural supply chains. The objectives of this article are to: (a) review the concepts of supply chain management and traceability in agriculture, and (b) highlight the technological challenges in implementing traceable agricultural supply chains. Development of appropriate measurement tools for food product labeling and identification, activity/process characterization, information systems for data capture, analysis, storage and communication, and the integration of the overall traceable supply chain are essential for success.
CD36+-Dendritic Epidermal Cells: A Putative Actor in the Cutaneous Immune System (1994)

DECs: dendritic epidermal cells; ConA: concanavalin A; DPM: disintegrations per minute; ELR: epidermal cell-lymphocyte reaction; LC: Langerhans cells; PBMCs: peripheral blood mononuclear cells.
Demonstration of structural differences between the two subunits of human-plasma fibronectin in the carboxy-terminal heparin-binding domain (1987)

Structural differences between the two subunits of human plasma fibronectin were studied by analyzing the carboxy-terminal heparin-binding domain (Hep-2). Two fragments (29 kDa and 38 kDa) derived from the Hep-2 domain were purified from thermolysin-digested human plasma fibronectin. Identical NH2-terminal sequences were obtained for both fragments through 16 Edman cycles. Neither domain contained the 90-amino-acid extra domain which is predicted by cDNA analysis of the cellular form of fibronectin. We have examined the primary structures of the 29-kDa and 38-kDa Hep-2 domains produced from the two chains of plasma fibronectin by analyzing the tryptic peptides by fast atom bombardment/mass spectrometry and comparison with the predicted fragments deduced from the corresponding cDNA-derived peptide sequences. Peptides that were unique to each domain were further characterized by microsequence analysis. The two domains showed identical amino acid sequences through 274 residues, followed by a region of variability. The 29-kDa domain contains 279 amino acids with an estimated relative molecular mass (Mr) of 30,460. This domain is located in the heavy chain of plasma fibronectin and contains three repeats of type III sequences plus a portion of the connecting segment (IIICS) region. The 38-kDa domain contains 359 amino acids and one O-linked glycosyl unit for an estimated Mr of 39,263. This domain is from the light chain of plasma fibronectin and contains four repeats of type III sequences with the deletion of the entire 120-amino-acid IIICS area. Secondary structure analysis by Chou/Fasman and circular dichroism reveals extensive beta-sheet structure for these domains. Key sulfhydryl and glycosylation sites are located near the mRNA splice junctions for the two chains. It is postulated that the splice junctions are adjacent to a flexible domain joining two regions of extensive beta-sheet structure.
Flexible transparent electrodes for organic light-emitting diodes (2015)

The use of flexible organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs) for the next-generation displays and solid-state lightings has been considered, but the widely used transparent conducting electrode (TCE), indium–tin-oxide (ITO), should be replaced by flexible electrodes due to its brittleness and increasing cost. Therefore, many kinds of alternative TCEs have been increasingly studied. In this paper, the properties and applications of the candidate transparent flexible electrodes classified into four categories (conducting polymer, silver nanowire, carbon nanotube and graphene) are described. This paper finally suggests how to develop alternative TCEs for replacing the conventional ITO electrode.
Comparison of Winter Wheat Genotypes Differing in Zinc Efficiency and Origin: The Zinc Uptake and Enzyme Activity (2013)

Zinc (Zn)–efficient wheat genotypes yield well on Zn-deficient soil. In this study, two Chinese wheat genotypes, Kenong9204 and Han6172, and two reference genotypes, Bezostaja (Zn efficient) and BDME10 (Zn inefficient), from Turkey were conducted to measure their physiological responses to Zn deficiency in the greenhouse. Results showed obvious genetic variation among the genotypes with Zn efficiency from 76% to 105%. Bezostaja and Kenong9204 had greater shoot dry weight and accumulated more shoot Zn content than BDME10 and Han6172 without Zn application. In one aspect of enzyme activities, Bezostaja and Kenong9204 presented significantly greater activities of superoxide dismutase while maintaining similar activities of catalase, ascorbate peroxidase, and glutathione reductase compared with inefficient genotypes BDME10 and Han6172 under Zn-deficient condition. Zinc-efficient genotypes are recommended to satisfy the sustainable grain yield in China and other areas, where Zn deficiency in soil is spread and multiple stresses may happen at times.
Engineered Pinning Landscapes for Enhanced 2G Coil Wire (2016)

We demonstrate a twofold increase in the in-field critical current of AMSC's standard 2G coil wire by irradiation with 18-MeV Au ions. The optimum pinning enhancement is achieved with a dose of 6 × 10 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">11</sup> Au ions/cm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> . Although the 77 K, self-field critical current is reduced by about 35%, the in-field critical current (H//c) shows a significant enhancement between 4 and 50 K in fields > 1 T. The process was used for the roll-to-roll irradiation of AMSC's standard 46-mm-wide production coated conductor strips, which were further processed into standard copper laminated coil wire. The long-length wires show the same enhancement as attained with short static irradiated samples. The roll-to-roll irradiation process can be incorporated in the standard 2G wire manufacturing, with no modifications to the current process. The enhanced performance of the wire will benefit rotating machine and magnet applications.
Combinatorial Library Strategies for Synthesis of Cationic Lipid-Like Nanoparticles and their Potential Medical Applications (2015)

The past two decades have witnessed the high efficiency and efficacy of cationic lipids and liposomal formations for drug delivery. The tedious synthesis of conventional lipids and the inefficiency in studying structure-activity relationships, however, have hindered the clinical translation of lipid nanoparticle delivery systems. Combinatorial synthesis of lipid-like nanoparticles ('lipidoids') has recently emerged as an approach to accelerate the development of these delivery platforms. Utilizing a high-throughput screening strategy, the libraries of lipidoids are sorted and prime candidates for the delivery in the intended application can be identified and optimized for the next generation. In this review, we outline methods used for combinatorial lipidoid synthesis, the application of high-throughput screening, and the current medical applications of candidate lipidoids.
Prognostic Factors of Colorectal Cancer (1996)

One thousand two hundred fifty-four cases (610 colonic and 644 rectal cancers resected during 2 years from 1984 and followed up for more than 5 years) were entered from 140 institutions in Japan and analyzed by means of Cox's proportional hazards model. The analyzed pathologic variables were the size and depth of invasion, Dukes' stage, venous invasion, lymphatic permeation, and other clinical features, such as the sex and age of the patient and location of the tumor. The extent of dissection, serum carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) level, and the presence or absence of adjuvant chemotherapy were also analyzed. Adjuvant chemotherapy consisted of three arms for both colonic and rectal cancers. For colonic cancer, arm I was a combination of i.p. (intraportal) and i.v. mitomycin C (MMC) + p.o. 5-fluorouracil (5-FU); arm II was i.v. MMC + p.o. 5-FU; and arm III was surgery only. For rectal cancer, arm IV was a combination of i.a. (inferior mesenteric artery) and i.v. MMC + p.o. 5-FU; arm V was i.v. MMC + p.o. 5-FU; and arm VI was surgery only. As for the factors affecting the disease-free survival of the patient, multivariate analysis disclosed nodal involvement, venous invasion, an elevated CEA level, and the lower part of the rectum. The effect of adjuvant chemotherapy on the patient's survival was proven for rectal cancer but not for colonic cancer. We conclude that these factors should be considered in setting the stage of tumor pre- and postoperatively.
Elements of Thermally Treating Oil-Base Mud Cuttings (1991)

Abstract This work shows that rotary retort distillation is a conceptually feasible alternative for removal of oil from cuttings produced while drilling with oil base mud. The work specifically examined the response and behavior of oil base mud drilled cuttings and associated fluids to heat in a tumbling bed. These test results established the temperature requirements necessary to clean oil base mud cuttings to various cleaning limits. Heat transfer coefficients have been calculated for the test apparatus. These heat transfer coefficients have been used to establish the size of a full scale unit necessary to process 15 metric tonne/hr of drilled cuttings. The recovered products, cuttings and oil have been evaluated for toxicity. The dried cuttings were evaluated with a metal leachate test to establish extraction procedure toxicity. The distillation products were chemically analyzed and the amount of noncondensable gas was estimated. Finally a conceptual retort design is proposed for the offshore environment. Energy consumption and operating costs for a typical well are estimated.
Using Live Pathogens to Treat Infectious Diseases: A Historical Perspective on the Relationship between Gb Virus C and HIV (2002)

Recent reports that co-infection with GB virus C (GBV-C) is associated with a reduced mortality in HIV-infected individuals, a slower progression to AIDS, and lower HIV viral loads, suggest a potential role of GBV-C as therapy for HIV infection. Although not known to cause any human disease, GBV-C was only recently discovered and prospective studies assessing long-term consequences of infection have not been completed. Our understanding of the host-viral interactions between humans and GBV-C is in its infancy. Further research into the intriguing relationship between GBV-C and HIV is needed before intentional inoculation of GBV-C into individuals infected with HIV should proceed. This essay explores the history of the once-popular treatment of paretic tertiary syphilis with the blood-borne pathogen Plasmodium vivax, providing a historical perspective on the current state of affairs between GBV-C and HIV. A brief review of GBV-C biology and human infection is followed by a discussion of the current challenges facing the use of this organism to treat HIV.
Quality Evaluation of Projection-Based VR Displays (2023)

We present a collection of heuristics and simple tests for evaluating the quality of a projection-based virtual reality display. A typical VR system includes numerous potential sources of error. By understanding the characteristics of a correctly working system, and the types of errors that are likely to occur, users can quickly determine if their display is inaccurate and what components may need correction.
Bioluminescence Imaging (2005)

Bioluminescence refers to the process of visible light emission in living organisms. Bioluminescence imaging is a powerful methodology that has been developed over the last decade as a tool for molecular imaging of small laboratory animals, enabling the study of ongoing biological processes in vivo. This form of optical imaging is low cost and noninvasive and facilitates real-time analysis of disease processes at the molecular level in living organisms. In this article, we provide a brief introduction to bioluminescence imaging technology and discuss its applications in mouse models of lung inflammation/injury, bacterial pneumonia, and tumor growth and metastasis.
A system for the inducible secretion of proteins from<i>Bacillus subtilis</i>during logarithmic growth (1988)

A Bacillus subtilis-Escherichia coli shuttle vector was constructed containing the B. subtilis levansucrase gene promoter and region encoding its signal sequence. A site for the restriction enzyme NaeI was included to facilitate precise translational fusions to the DNA encoding the levansucrase signal sequence. Fusions of TEM β-lactamase to this construct displayed sucrose-inducible expression and secretion of B. subtilis.
?v?3, ?v?5, and osteopontin are coordinately upregulated at early time points in a rabbit model of neointima formation (1999)

Abstract Both smooth muscle cell migration and replication are known to be responsible for neointima formation. Recent reports based on in vitro studies and animal models of neointima formation highlight the possible importance of αvβ3 and αvβ5 integrins in mediating neointima formation. Clinical data suggest that specific αvβ3 blockade may limit restenosis. The aim of this study was to identify the expression of αvβ3 and αvβ5 and their ligand osteopontin in the very early phases of neointima formation in a rabbit model. A non-occlusive cuff placed around the rabbit femoral artery resulted in a complete, concentric neointima that formed by 14 days. Antibodies specific for the integrin heterodimers and for osteopontin, along with a probe specific for osteopontin mRNA, were used to identify expression at early time points (6 h, 1 day, 3 days, 5 days) post-cuffing. Immunohistochemistry and in situ hybridization expression results were quantitated by image analysis and tested for statistical significance by a two-tailed t-test. The data demonstrated the rapid (within 6 h) and abundant upregulation of αvβ3 and αvβ5 integrins and their ligand during very early time points of neointima formation. The very early (6 h) upregulation of αvβ3 underscores a potentially important clinical intervention point in limiting restenosis following clinical angioplasty procedures. J. Cell. Biochem. 75:492–504, 1999. © 1999 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
The rapid evolution of highly efficient perovskite solar cells (2017)

The latest developments in the efficiency and long-term stability of perovskite solar cells are summarized.
Evaluation of Some Reactive Disperse Dyes for Sublimation Transfer Printing of Wool (1981)

The transfer printing of wool by the sublimation method using a number of low–molecular–weight dyes containing chloro– and bromo–acetyl, chloroacetamido, chloro– and bromo–propionamido, 2–bromoacryloyl, 2–chloroethylamino and epoxy groups has been examined. To achieve build–up of the dyes to heavy depths, it was necessary to pretreat the wool with a polymer or surfactant and to steam the prints after transfer of the designs. Several dyes exhibited good fastness properties on pure wool and on a wool–polyester blend fabric.
[Treatment guidelines for age-related macular degeneration]. (2012)

We describe treatment guidelines for age-related macular degeneration (AMD) in Japan in line with the accepted classification and diagnostic criteria of AMD in Japan. A working group of five members drew up an AMD treatment algorithm based on a comprehensive review of foreign guidelines and recent data gathered in Japan. We applied lifestyle and dietary modifications and anti-oxidative supplementation to the prodromal stage of AMD and atrophic AMD. We recommend that, depending on the type of disease (typical AMD, polypoidal choroidal vasculopathy, or retinal angiomatous proliferation), an anti-vascular endothelial growth factor drug,
Comparative Whole-Genome Analysis of Virulent and Avirulent Strains of<i>Porphyromonas gingivalis</i> (2004)

We used Porphyromonas gingivalis gene microarrays to compare the total gene contents of the virulent strain W83 and the avirulent type strain, ATCC 33277. Signal ratios and scatter plots indicated that the chromosomes were very similar, with approximately 93% of the predicted genes in common, while at least 7% of them showed very low or no signals in ATCC 33277. Verification of the array results by PCR indicated that several of the disparate genes were either absent from or variant in ATCC 33277. Divergent features included already reported insertion sequences and ragB, as well as additional hypothetical and functionally assigned genes. Several of the latter were organized in a putative operon in W83 and encoded enzymes involved in capsular polysaccharide synthesis. Another cluster was associated with two paralogous regions of the chromosome with a low G+C content, at 41%, compared to that of the whole genome, at 48%. These regions also contained conserved and species-specific hypothetical genes, transposons, insertion sequences, and integrases and were located adjacent to tRNA genes; thus, they had several characteristics of pathogenicity islands. While this global comparative analysis showed the close relationship between W83 and ATCC 33277, the clustering of genes that are present in W83 but divergent in or absent from ATCC 33277 is suggestive of chromosomal islands that may have been acquired by lateral gene transfer.
Methods and recent advances in speciation analysis of mercury chemical species in environmental samples: a review (2016)

Mercury (Hg) and its compounds are much concerned for their high toxicity and wide presence in the environment. Since the toxicity of Hg is species dependent, various methods have been developed for the speciation analysis of Hg. This review focus on the determination and speciation analysis of Hg chemical species in water, sediment, and soil samples. Recent developments on sample pre-treatment and extraction/pre-concentration, separation, and quantification of Hg chemical species, and associated analytical challenges have been reviewed and briefly discussed based on recent reports.
Element of a validation method for MU-B3 monoclonal antibody using an imaging capillary isoelectric focusing system (2002)

This paper presents an imaging capillary isoelectric focusing (CIEF) assay for the determination of the identity, stability, and isoform distribution of a murine monoclonal antibody (MU-B3). The experiments were conducted using a Convergent Bioscience iCE280 instrument. The optimum carrier ampholyte composition that gave the best peak separation was found to be 25% Pharmalyte pH 3-10 and 75% Pharmalyte pH 5-8. The antibody gave a highly reproducible CIEF profile with three major peaks having average isoelectric point (pI) values of 6.83, 6.99, and 7.11. Intraday and interday reproducibility of pI values was found to be within RSD of 0.5%. The CIEF profile was also the same, with an alternate column cartridge and alternate batches of methyl cellulose. A plot of peak areas versus MU-B3 concentration was linear (R2 = 0.995) up to a concentration of 0.5 mg/mL in the sample solution. Peak area measurements were reproducible to within 7% RSD. The CIEF profiles of two other antibodies were distinctly different from the profile of MU-B3, showing that the assay is specific. After a sample of MU-B3 was subjected to heat stress by exposure to heat at 55 degrees C for 4 h, its CIEF profile was altered with extra peaks appearing at lower pI values, indicating that the assay could be used to monitor stability. The result of the heat stress experiment was also confirmed with a parallel slab-gel IEF analysis of the antibody sample before and after application of the heat stress. The results of this work suggest that imaging CIEF can be used for product testing under a quality control environment. The assay can be used for pI profiling of proteins and for monitoring structural changes (deamidation, glycosylation, etc.) during the manufacturing process and upon storage.
Silicon Nanowire Arrays for Ultrasensitive Label-Free Detection of DNA (2007)

Arrays of highly ordered silicon nanowires (SiNWs) are fabricated using complementary metal-oxide semiconductor (CMOS) compatible technology and their applications in biosensors are investigated. The SiNW arrays show a concentration-dependent resistance change upon hybridization to complementary target DNA. As in the case of other SiNW biosensing devices, the sensing mechanism can be understood in terms of the change in charge density at the SiNW surface after hybridization, the so called "field effect". The SiNW arrays discriminate satisfactorily against mismatched target DNA.