gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Robotic Room-Level Localization Using Multiple Sets of Sonar Measurements (2016)

In this paper, we aim to achieve robust and cost-effective room-level localization for the indoor mobile robot. It is unrealistic to obtain precise localization information from the sonar sensors because of the sparseness and uncertainty. Our attempts show that the room-level localization can be achieved using sonar sensors by accumulating the sonar data to overcome the limitations of sensor performance. To this end, we formulate the room-level localization as a joint sparse coding problem, which encourages the coding vectors to share the common room sparsity, but different locations. We systematically evaluate the performance of the different coding strategies on the collected sonar measurement data set.
Role of a lipopolysaccharide gene for immunogenicity of the enterobacterial common antigen (1976)

It is known that only certain strains of the family of Enterobacteriaceae, notably rough (R) mutants with the type R1 or R4 core, evoked antibodies in high titers against the common enterobacterial antigen (CA) after immunization of rabbits with heated cell suspensions. The present investigation deals with genetic and immunochemical aspects of certain R1 and R4 mutants isolated from Escherichia coli 08 and various Shigella serotypes which, unexpectedly, do not induce CA antibody formation. Immunochemical and genetical (transduction and conjugation) experiments revealed that the rough phenotype of these special mutants was evoked by a mutation of pyrE-linked rfa gene, called rfaL, which is involved in translocation of O-specific polysaccharides onto the lipopolysaccharide core. The transduction of the defective rfaL, allele into appropriate rough recipients results in transductants which have simultaneously lost the ability to evoke CA antibodies. This finding suggests that a close connection exists between the function of the rfaL gene and the expression of CA immunogenicity in R1 and R4 mutants. One of the strains synthesized neither O-hapten nor CA, suggesting a mutation in a region equivalent to the rfe genes of Salmonella.
Isolation and Characterization of Lipase-Producing Bacteria in the Intestine of the Silkworm,<i>Bombyx mori</i>, Reared on Different Forage (2011)

The silkworm, Bombyx mori L. (Lepidoptera: Bombycidae), an oligophagous insect that mainly feeds on mulberry leaves, is susceptible to entomopathogen infection when reared with tricuspid cudrania leaves. A total of 56 dominant bacterial strains, classified into 12 phylotypes based on bacteriological properties and analysis of 16S rRNA genes, were isolated from the intestine of the fourth and fifth instar silkworm larvae. Ten and seven phylotypes exist in the intestine of the silkworm larvae reared with mulberry leaves and tricuspid cudrania leaves, respectively. Four of them are common in the intestine of the two treatment groups. By screening their lipolytic ability on a Rhodamine B agar plate, nine lipase-producing bacterial strains were obtained and classified into six genera, including Bacillus, Brevibacterium, Corynebacterium, Staphylococcus, Klebsiella, and Stenotrophomonas. Except for Stenotrophomonas, which is common in both, the other genera only exist in the intestine of the silkworm larvae fed with mulberry leaves. In addition, by culture and fermentation in vitro, the maximum cell density and lipase activity of lipase-producing bacteria were examined at about 48 hours. The results indicate that diet has a significant impact on the gut bacterial community, especially lipase-producing bacteria. We suggest that the difference of lipase-producing bacterial diversity might be related to disease resistance of the silkworm.
Embryonic Stem Cell–Derived Endothelial Cells Engraft Into the Ischemic Hindlimb and Restore Perfusion (2010)

In contrast to parental ESCs, ESC-ECs preferentially localized in the ischemic hindlimb by IA, IM, and intrafemoral vein delivery. ESC-ECs engrafted into the ischemic microvasculature, enhanced neovascularization, and improved limb perfusion.
Towards electro-optical integration of hybrid III-V on Si lasers into the BEOL of a CMOS technology (2017)

Interconnects have become a severe bottleneck in today's computing hardware. For large-scale data centers in particular, the interconnect situation is even more severe. The interconnect bandwidth and bandwidth density have to be increased on all system-levels. The ideal technology to increase the density is Si photonics (SiPh). While the integration of most of the SiPh components has been mastered already on a 90 nm CMOS platform, the integration of III-V materials to yield directly-modulated lasers still poses a major challenge. This integration is considered as the cornerstone for reaching a complete, yet cost-competitive, SiPh-CMOS marriage. Most concepts shown so far either lack CMOS-compatibility or have device dimensions that hinder the integration of the laser into a standard BEOL. To allow for a common BEOL between SiPh and CMOS, we integrate the III-V material between the FEOL and BEOL, within the first interlayer dielectric ILD0'. Such integration imposes tight requirements on device dimensions as well as several technological challenges that have to be mastered. We report here on decisive aspects of such integration. This represents a major step towards a full integration of III-V, SiPh and CMOS.
On Generalized Distance Transformation of Digitized Pictures (1981)

In this paper, we present a generalization of the distance transformation of a digitized picture in two different aspects. First, we define the generalized distance transformation of a binary picture (GDTB). A subclass of GDTB, called a local minimum filter family of GDTB (LMF-GDTB), characterized by a series of local minimum filters with varying neighborhoods, is discussed in detail. A skeleton is defined for LMF-GDTB, and it is proved that any binary picture can be reconstructed exactly from its skeleton with the distance value on it. Second, the gray weighted distance transformation (GWDT) is extended to a generalized GWDT (GGWDT) by introducing an arbitrary initial picture. After the fundamental equation of GGWDT and its solution are derived, it is proved that an arbitrary gray picture is generated by iterative application of GGWDT from a uniquely determined elementary picture and a sequence of initial value pictures.
Taurine and inflammatory diseases (2012)

Taurine (2-aminoethanesulfonic acid) is the most abundant free amino acid in humans and plays an important role in several essential biological processes such as bile acid conjugation, maintenance of calcium homeostasis, osmoregulation and membrane stabilization. Moreover, attenuation of apoptosis and its antioxidant activity seem to be crucial for the cytoprotective effects of taurine. Although these properties are not tissue specific, taurine reaches particularly high concentrations in tissues exposed to elevated levels of oxidants (e.g., inflammatory cells). It suggests that taurine may play an important role in inflammation associated with oxidative stress. Indeed, at the site of inflammation, taurine is known to react with and detoxify hypochlorous acid generated by the neutrophil myeloperoxidase (MPO)-halide system. This reaction results in the formation of less toxic taurine chloramine (TauCl). Both haloamines, TauCl and taurine bromamine (TauBr), the product of taurine reaction with hypobromous acid (HOBr), exert antimicrobial and anti-inflammatory properties. In contrast to a well-documented regulatory role of taurine and taurine haloamines (TauCl, TauBr) in acute inflammation, their role in the pathogenesis of inflammatory diseases is not clear. This review summarizes our current knowledge concerning the role of taurine, TauCl and TauBr in the pathogenesis of inflammatory diseases initiated or propagated by MPO-derived oxidants. The aim of this paper is to show links between inflammation, neutrophils, MPO, oxidative stress and taurine. We will discuss the possible contribution of taurine and taurine haloamines to the pathogenesis of inflammatory diseases, especially in the best studied example of rheumatoid arthritis.
On the classification of balanced binary sequences of period2^n-1(Corresp.) (1980)

Let <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">U</tex> be the set of all binary sequences of period <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">p=2^{n}-1</tex> containing <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">(p+1)/2</tex> ones and <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">(p-1)/2</tex> zeros per period. There is a lattice of interesting subsets of <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">U</tex> , the smallest of which is the set <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">PN</tex> (the maximum-length linear shift register sequences of period <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">p</tex> ). In between are sets with the run statistics of <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">PN</tex> , with the correlation properties of <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">PN</tex> , with the "span- <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">n</tex> property" (that every nonzero subseqnonce of length <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">n</tex> occurs in each period), and others. Results concerning the interrelationships of these subsets are obtained, examples are given to show that certain intersections of subsets are nonempty, and conjectures are formulated regarding other intersections of subsets. For example, it is conjectured that all span- <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">n</tex> sequences with the two-level autocorrelation property are in class <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">PN</tex> . Some relationships between run properties and correlation properties of binary sequences are also obtained.
Impact of cigarette smoking on histone (H2B) to protamine ratio in human spermatozoa and its relation to sperm parameters (2014)

Smoking is strongly associated with abnormalities in histone-to-protamine transition and with alteration of protamine expression in human spermatozoa. A proper protamine to histone ratio is, however, essential for sperm chromatin maturity and DNA integrity. Alterations in these sperm nuclear proteins were observed in infertile men. The present prospective study is aimed at evaluating the possible relationship among smoking, semen quality and the histone-to-protamine transition ratio in mature spermatozoa. Histone H2B and protamine 1 (P1) and 2 (P2) were quantified using acid-urea polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis in the spermatozoa of 35 smokers and 19 non-smokers. Levels of lipid peroxidation marker malondialdehyde (MDA) were measured in seminal plasma by thiobarbituric acid assay. Cotinine concentrations were determined in seminal plasma using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Histone H2B levels in smokers (292.27 ± 58.24 ng/10(6)) were significantly higher (p = 0.001) than that of non-smokers (109.1 ± 43.70 ng/10(6)), besides, a significant difference (p > 0.0001) was found for the P1 and P2 ratio between smokers (1.71 ± 0.071) and non-smokers (1.05 ± 0.033). The H2B/(H2B+P1 + P2) ratio (0.29 ± 0.71) of smokers were significantly higher (p = <0.0001) than that of non-smokers (0.12 ± 0.01). The concentrations of MDA (μm) (7.13 ± 1.15) and cotinine (ng/mL) (60.44 ± 31.32) in seminal plasma of smokers were significantly higher (p = 0.001) than those in the samples of the non-smoker group (4.42 ± 1.16 and 2.01 ± 2.84 respectively). In addition, smokers showed significantly (p ≤ 0.002) lower sperm count, motility (p = 0.018), vitality (p = 0.009) and membrane integrity (p = 0.0001) than non-smokers. These results reveal that patients who smoke possess a higher proportion of spermatozoa with an alteration of the histone to protamine ratio than patients who do not smoke, and suggest that cigarette smoking may inversely affect male fertility.
Searching for Structure in Multiple Streams of Data. (1996)

Finding structure in multiple streams of data is an important problem. Consider the streams of data flowing from a robot&apos;s sensors, the monitors in an intensive care unit, or periodic measurements of various indicators of the health of the economy. There is clearly utility in determining howcurrent and past values in those streams are related to future values. We formulate the problem of finding structure in multiple streams of categorical data as searchover the space of dependencies, unexpectedly frequentor infrequent co-occurrences, between complex patterns of values that can appear in the streams. Based on that formulation, we develop the Multi-Stream Dependency Detection (msdd) algorithm that performs an efficient systematic searchover the space of all possible dependencies. Dependency strength is evaluated with a statistical measure of nonindependence, and bounds that we derivefor the value of that measure allow the search to be pruned. Due to the pruning, can find the k strongest dependencies in the streams by examining only a fraction of the search space.
Learning Intelligent Dialogs for Bounding Box Annotation (2017)

We introduce Intelligent Annotation Dialogs for bounding box annotation. We train an agent to automatically choose a sequence of actions for a human annotator to produce a bounding box in a minimal amount of time. Specifically, we consider two actions: box verification, where the annotator verifies a box generated by an object detector, and manual box drawing. We explore two kinds of agents, one based on predicting the probability that a box will be positively verified, and the other based on reinforcement learning. We demonstrate that (1) our agents are able to learn efficient annotation strategies in several scenarios, automatically adapting to the image difficulty, the desired quality of the boxes, and the detector strength; (2) in all scenarios the resulting annotation dialogs speed up annotation compared to manual box drawing alone and box verification alone, while also outperforming any fixed combination of verification and drawing in most scenarios; (3) in a realistic scenario where the detector is iteratively re-trained, our agents evolve a series of strategies that reflect the shifting trade-off between verification and drawing as the detector grows stronger.
Attenuation of skeletal muscle and strength in the elderly: The Health ABC Study (2001)

Although loss of muscle mass is considered a cause of diminished muscle strength with aging, little is known regarding whether composition of aging muscle affects strength. The skeletal muscle attenuation coefficient, as determined by computed tomography, is a noninvasive measure of muscle density, and lower values reflect increased muscle lipid content. This investigation examined the hypothesis that lower values for muscle attenuation are associated with lower voluntary isokinetic knee extensor strength at 60 degrees/s in 2,627 men and women aged 70-79 yr participating in baseline studies of the Health ABC Study, a longitudinal study of health, aging, and body composition. Strength was higher in men than in women (132.3 +/- 34.5 vs. 81.4 +/- 22.0 N x m, P < 0.01). Men had greater muscle attenuation values (37.3 +/- 6.5 vs. 34.7 +/- 7.0 Hounsfield units) and muscle cross-sectional area (CSA) at the midthigh than women (132.7 +/- 22.4 vs. 93.3 +/- 17.5 cm(2), P < 0.01 for both). The strength per muscle CSA (specific force) was also higher in men (1.00 +/- 0.21 vs. 0.88 +/- 0.21 N x m x cm(-2)). The attenuation coefficient was significantly lower for hamstrings than for quadriceps (28.7 +/- 8.7 vs. 41.1 +/- 6.9 Hounsfield units, P < 0.01). Midthigh muscle attenuation values were lowest (P < 0.01) in the eldest men and women and were negatively associated with total body fat (r = -0.53, P < 0.01). Higher muscle attenuation values were also associated with greater specific force production (r = 0.26, P < 0.01). Multivariate regression analysis revealed that the attenuation coefficient of muscle was independently associated with muscle strength after adjustment for muscle CSA and midthigh adipose tissue in men and women. These results demonstrate that the attenuation values of muscle on computed tomography in older persons can account for differences in muscle strength not attributed to muscle quantity.
In vitro effect of Phyllanthus amarus on hepatitis B virus. (1991)

To evaluate the effects of P. amarus on hepatitis B virus (HBV) antigens and HBV-DNA, initial ethanolic extract and subsequent fractions of the plants were prepared. The whole plant material was dried, powdered and extracted with alcohol and subsequently fractionated in hexane, chloroform, butanol and finally in water. All the material were tested for in vitro effects on HBsAg, HBeAg and HBV-DNA in serum samples positive for HBV antigens followed by the screening of respective antigens by Elisa. HBV-DNA was determined by molecular hybridization. The extracts were effective against HBV antigens, the butanol extract being the most potent. Further chromatographic fractions showed an enhanced activity. The active fractions inhibited the interaction between HBsAg/HBeAg and their corresponding antibodies suggesting anti-HBs, anti-HBe-like activity and also an effect on HBV-DNA.
A Comparative Study on the DC, Microwave Characteristics of 0.12 μm Double-Recessed Gate AlGaAs/InGaAs/GaAs PHEMTs Using a Dielectric Assisted Process (2005)

2005 International Conference on Solid State Devices and Materials,A Comparative Study on the DC, Microwave Characteristics of 0.12 μm Double-Recessed Gate AlGaAs/InGaAs/GaAs PHEMTs Using a Dielectric Assisted Process
Characterization of the Fibrinogen Binding Domain of Bacteriophage Lysin from Streptococcus mitis (2011)

The binding of bacteria to human platelets is a likely central mechanism in the pathogenesis of infective endocarditis. Platelet binding by Streptococcus mitis SF100 is mediated in part by a lysin encoded by the lysogenic bacteriophage SM1. In addition to its role in the phage life cycle, lysin mediates the binding of S. mitis to human platelets via its interaction with fibrinogen on the platelet surface. To better define the region of lysin mediating fibrinogen binding, we tested a series of purified lysin truncation variants for their abilities to bind this protein. These studies revealed that the fibrinogen binding domain of lysin is contained within the region spanned by amino acid residues 102 to 198 (lysin(102-198)). This region has no sequence homology to other known fibrinogen binding proteins. Lysin(102-198) bound fibrinogen comparably to full-length lysin and with the same selectivity for the fibrinogen Aα and Bβ chains. Lysin(102-198) also inhibited the binding in vitro of S. mitis to human fibrinogen and platelets. When assessed by platelet aggregometry, the disruption of the lysin gene in SF100 resulted in a significantly longer time to the onset of aggregation of human platelets than that of the parent strain. The preincubation of platelets with purified lysin(102-198) also delayed the onset of aggregation by SF100. These results indicate that the binding of lysin to fibrinogen is mediated by a specific domain of the phage protein and that this interaction is important for both platelet binding and aggregation by S. mitis.
Fiber optic confocal microscope with miniature objective for in vivo imaging (2003)

Summary from only given. We have developed a fiber-based reflected light confocal microscope that has a miniature objective for easier access to tissue and a hydraulic mechanism for positioning the objective and changing the image depth within tissue. Confocal images are produced by raster scanning the illumination spot over the proximal end of the fiber bundle and synchronizing the operations of the scanners and the frame grabber.
Antioxidant treatment improves in vivo cardiac and skeletal muscle bioenergetics in patients with Friedreich's ataxia (2001)

Friedreich's ataxia (FA) is the most common form of autosomal recessive spinocerebellar ataxia and is often associated with a cardiomyopathy. The disease is caused by an expanded intronic GAA repeat, which results in deficiency of a mitochondrial protein called frataxin. In the yeast YFH1 knockout model of the disease there is evidence that frataxin deficiency leads to a severe defect of mitochondrial respiration, intramitochondrial iron accumulation, and associated production of oxygen free radicals. Recently, the analysis of FA cardiac and skeletal muscle samples and in vivo phosphorus magnetic resonance spectroscopy (31P-MRS) has confirmed the deficits of respiratory chain complexes in these tissues. The role of oxidative stress in FA is further supported by the accumulation of iron and decreased aconitase activities in cardiac muscle. We used 31P-MRS to evaluate the effect of 6 months of antioxidant treatment (Coenzyme Q10 400 mg/day, vitamin E 2,100 IU/day) on cardiac and calf muscle energy metabolism in 10 FA patients. After only 3 months of treatment, the cardiac phosphocreatine to ATP ratio showed a mean relative increase to 178% (p = 0.03) and the maximum rate of skeletal muscle mitochondrial ATP production increased to 139% (p = 0.01) of their respective baseline values in the FA patients. These improvements, greater in prehypertrophic hearts and in the muscle of patients with longer GAA repeats, were sustained after 6 months of therapy. The neurological and echocardiographic evaluations did not show any consistent benefits of the therapy after 6 months. This study demonstrates partial reversal of a surrogate biochemical marker in FA with antioxidant therapy and supports the evaluation of such therapy as a disease-modifying strategy in this neurodegenerative disorder.
Synthesis, Derivatization, and Structure of the Silanetriol [C<sub>5</sub>H<sub>4</sub>(SiMe<sub>3</sub>)]Si(OH)<sub>3</sub>:  Unique Hydrogen Bonding in a Highly Symmetrical Tubular Assembly (1997)

(5-(Trimethylsilyl)cyclopenta-1,3-dien-5-yl)silanetriol, [C5H4(SiMe3)]Si(OH)3 (2), has been synthesized by controlled hydrolysis of the silicon trichloride [C5H4(SiMe3)]SiCl3 (1). The crystal structure of compound 2 confirms a new structure type for silanetriols: intermolecular hydrogen bonding leads to a highly symmetrical tubelike arrangement. Stannylation of 2 utilizing N(SnMe3)3 yields [C5H4(SiMe3)]Si(OSnMe3)3 (3) as a valuable synthon for the silanetriol.
DRIVING ENVIRONMENT RECOGNITION SYSTEM ON HIGHWAY (1995)

In recent years, various types of electronic technology have been incorporated in automobiles and many studies are being carried out to improve the safety and ease of driving operation. Image processing is particularly attractive with its ability to directly recognize visual information on which a driver depends almost entirely for driving. A car-mounted image processing unit was developed and applications were researched to support systems for driving and automatic driving systems. A driving environment recognition system is being realized with high reliability even under hazardous weather conditions and toward an adaptive cruise control system, which allows driving with constant automatic intervehicle distancing by fusion of infrared image processing and millimeter wave radar. It is possible to determine whether the object that the radar system detects is a car or not and whether it is on the same lane or the other lane. In this paper the image processing unit, a road recognition algorithm, and a preceding vehicle recognition method with a millimeter wave radar system are described. The results of applying this technolgoy to an adaptive cruise control system are introduced.