gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Special New Low Resistance to Flow Tube and Endotracheal Tube Adapter for Use during Fiberoptic Bronchoscopy (1975)

This paper describes endotracheal tubes and adapters which are designed specially for fiberoptic bronchoscopy; the tubes are designed in such a way that they are wide at the upper part but are narrow and thin walled in the part of the tube which goes through and below the cords. By designing tubes in this manner, the resistance to flow of gas through the tube when the fiberoptic bronchoscope is in place is very much reduced and the safety of the whole precedure is enhanced. A special adapter for use under these circumstances is also described which utilizes a commercially available swivel tracheostomy adapter with a special silicone diaphragm fitted onto the top to enable the fiberoptic bronchoscope to be placed through the diaphragm and keep a sealed system. A plug is available for the hole in the diaphragm when the fiberoptic bronchoscope is not being used. Clinical and laboratory data show that these pieces of equipment perform the function for which they were designed.
A Study of Measurement Technology for Ultra-Precision Freeform Surfaces (2007)

Ultra-precision freeform surfaces have become widely used in advanced optics manufacture. Although these surfaces can be fabricated by ultra-precision freeform machining technology with sub-micrometer form accuracy and surface finish in nanometer range, our current understanding on the evaluation of surface quality of these surfaces is still far from perfect. In this paper, a study of measurement technology for ultra-precision freeform surfaces is presented.
A wide‐viewing‐angle video display based on the deformed‐helix ferroelectric liquid‐crystal effect and a diode active matrix (1995)

Abstract— A wide‐viewing‐angle video display has been realized using a deformed‐helix ferroelectric liquid crystal (DHF‐LC) in combination with a diode active matrix. The DHF‐LC is operated in the symmetric mode (ac driving), preventing the occurrence of image sticking. The application of a reset pulse before the select pulse results in a much better step response of the display and in lower drive voltages. These effects have also been calculated by making use of the electronic equivalent circuit of DHF‐LC. The display has a contrast ratio of 25 and a transmission 55% that of a twisted‐nematic cell.
Regularized adversarial examples for model interpretability (2018)

As machine learning algorithms continue to improve, there is an increasing need for explaining why a model produces a certain prediction for a certain input. In recent years, several methods for model interpretability have been developed, aiming to provide explanation of which subset regions of the model input is the main reason for the model prediction. In parallel, a significant research community effort is occurring in recent years for developing adversarial example generation methods for fooling models, while not altering the true label of the input,as it would have been classified by a human annotator. In this paper, we bridge the gap between adversarial example generation and model interpretability, and introduce a modification to the adversarial example generation process which encourages better interpretability. We analyze the proposed method on a public medical imaging dataset, both quantitatively and qualitatively, and show that it significantly outperforms the leading known alternative method. Our suggested method is simple to implement, and can be easily plugged into most common adversarial example generation frameworks. Additionally, we propose an explanation quality metric - $APE$ - "Adversarial Perturbative Explanation", which measures how well an explanation describes model decisions.
Micro‐Crystallization of Proteins (2008)

Abstract Originally published in: Protein Crystallography in Drug Discovery. Edited by Robert E. Babine and Sherin S. Abdel‐Meguid. Copyright © 2004 Wiley‐VCH GmbH & Co. KGaA Weinheim. Print ISBN: 3‐527‐30678‐7 The sections in this article are Introduction Microfluidics ‐ Method and Design Utility of Microfluidics for Crystallization
A MEMS-based quartz resonator technology forGHhz applications (2005)

We report on the development of a new MEMS quartz resonator technology that allows for the processing and integration of VHF to UHF high-Q oscillators and filters with high-speed silicon or III-V electronics. The paper describes the successful demonstration of new wafer bonding and dry plasma etching processes that make quartz-MEMS technology possible. We present impedance, Q, and temperature sensitivity data along with comparison to 3D harmonic and thermal analysis of VHF-UHF resonators. We also show Coventor simulation data of our first two- and three-pole monolithic crystal filter designs as well as a filter array layout which facilitates integration with front-end RF electronics and switches. Finally, we demonstrate a mechanical tuning technique for our resonators utilizing focused-ion-beam (FIB) technology.
A device for testing cables (1993)

A device for testing current paths is attachable to a conductor. The device automatically checks the current paths of the conductor for continuity of a center conductor, continuity of a shield, and a short circuit between the shield and the center conductor. The device includes a pair of connectors and a circuit to provide for testing of the conductive paths of a cable to be tested with the circuit paths of the circuit. The circuit paths in the circuit include indicators to simultaneously indicate the results of the testing.
Low-Profile UHF Antenna Design Based on an Anisotropic Transverse Resonance Condition (2014)

A resonance condition is derived for a tapered rectangular cavity partially loaded with anisotropic magnetic material. This resonance condition leads to the design of an extremely low-profile ( o /18) antenna with over an octave of bandwidth and positive realized gain from 200-515 MHz. The equation derived for the shape of the partially loaded antenna cavity maintains a constant cutoff frequency even as more anisotropic material is introduced to the cavity. Also a method is determined to tailor the shape of the cavity as needed using the normal component of the permeability tensor with little to no effect on the performance of the antenna.
High‐titer screening PCR: a successful strategy for reducing the parvovirus B19 load in plasma pools for fractionation (2001)

Combining the strategy of high-titer screening PCR with the virus reduction capacity of the manufacturing process considerably increased the margin of B19 virus safety of antithrombin III. This strategy should have positive impact on other plasma components as well.
The Human Y Chromosome: Overlapping DNA Clones Spanning the Euchromatic Region (1992)

The human Y chromosome was physically mapped by assembling 196 recombinant DNA clones, each containing a segment of the chromosome, into a single overlapping array. This array included more than 98 percent of the euchromatic portion of the Y chromosome. First, a library of yeast artificial chromosome (YAC) clones was prepared from the genomic DNA of a human XYYYY male. The library was screened to identify clones containing 160 sequence-tagged sites and the map was then constructed from this information. In all, 207 Y-chromosomal DNA loci were assigned to 127 ordered intervals on the basis of their presence or absence in the YAC's, yielding ordered landmarks at an average spacing of 220 kilobases across the euchromatic region. The map reveals that Y-chromosomal genes are scattered among a patchwork of X-homologous, Y-specific repetitive, and single-copy DNA sequences. This map of overlapping clones and ordered, densely spaced markers should accelerate studies of the chromosome.
26.4: Bistable Polymer Dispersed Cholesteric Reflective Display (2003)

Abstract We have developed a polymer dispersed cholesteric liquid crystal which exhibits two stable states at zero field: reflecting planar texture and non‐reflective focal conic texture. Both states have thresholds under driving voltage pulses. The material can be used to make multiplexed displays on passive matrix. Because the liquid crystal is encapsulated, the dispersion can be coated on plastic substrates to make large size displays. Furthermore, it can be used to make single layer full color displays by using a photo‐tuning method.
Design of Pulse Patterns for Matrix Converters (2003)

For the matrix converter (Fig. 1) two basic methods are known to calculate the switching states and turn-on times necessary to generate the average output voltage and input current desired. One modulation technique is the direct method of Venturini and Alesina which controls each output phase separately and the other one is the space vector modulation or indirect method proposed by Huber, Borojevic and Burany which treats the complete converter as a whole.The paper presents a new pattern optimisation principle for the space vector modulation which reduces the switching losses of the matrix converter significantly.Already published optimisation techniques try to minimise the number of commutations within a switching period by different choice of the switching states for the zero voltage and by different arrangements of the switching states. These principles lead to pulse patterns which are quite similar to the Flat-Top Modulation or to the symmetrical use of zero switching states known from voltage source converters.The new optimisation method also takes into account the commutation voltage which is different for each individual switching operation and which has a strong influence on the switching losses.To minimize the commutation voltage it is necessary to follow a certain phase sequence, i.e. the input voltages must be connected to each output phase in a certain order. This order depends on the actual values of the input voltages. For the direct modulation technique this loss optimised sequence can be realized quite easily but for the space vector modulation no arrangement of switching states follows the loss optimised sequence.The paper proposes a technique to obtain the Loss Optimised Pulse Pattern out of the result of the space vector modulation by a subsequent phase oriented rearrangement of the switching states. The influence on switching losses and on harmonic distortion both on the input and on the output side will be discussed.
<title>Fluorescence ratio mapping system for tissue diagnosis</title> (1998)

A real time fluorescence ratio mapping a system for evaluating the surface of tissue can detect changes in tissue state including precancerous conditions. This system, using a personal computer and video camera, functions in near real-time, displaying pseudo color fluorescence intensity ratios maps at 15 frames per second. A fluorescence ratio mapping system functioning at close to video rates can be integrated with an endoscope to give the physician additional information during a patient exam about the state of a tissue. Preliminary measurements on ex vivo samples differentiated tumor from normal regions of tissues. Fluorescence spectral ratio maps give more structural detail of tissue than direct white light viewing. Tissue structure was observed in the fluorescence images. These results were correlated with histology.
Nonlinear-carrier control for high power factor boost rectifiers (2002)

Novel nonlinear-carrier (NLC) controllers are proposed for high-power-factor boost rectifiers. In the NLC controllers, the switch duty ratio is determined by comparing a signal derived from the main switch current with a periodic, nonlinear carrier waveform. As a result, the average input current follows the input line voltage. The technique is suitable for boost power converters operating in the continuous conduction mode. Input voltage sensing, the error amplifier in the current-shaping loop, and the multiplier/divider circuitry in the voltage feedback loop are eliminated. The current-shaping is based on switch (as opposed to inductor) current sensing. The NLC controllers offer comparable or improved performance over existing schemes, and are well-suited for simple integrated-circuit implementation. Experimental verification on a 240 W rectifier is described.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Subscriber telephone set with amplified loudspeaker reception with reduction of gain in the case of an insufficient power supply (1990)

Views Icon Views Article contents Figures & tables Video Audio Supplementary Data Peer Review Share Icon Share Twitter Facebook Reddit LinkedIn Tools Icon Tools Reprints and Permissions Cite Icon Cite Search Site Citation Bruno Defretin; Subscriber telephone set with amplified loudspeaker reception with reduction of gain in the case of an insufficient power supply. J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 1 May 1990; 87 (5): 2280. https://doi.org/10.1121/1.399117 Download citation file: Ris (Zotero) Reference Manager EasyBib Bookends Mendeley Papers EndNote RefWorks BibTex toolbar search Search Dropdown Menu toolbar search search input Search input auto suggest filter your search All ContentAcoustical Society of AmericaThe Journal of the Acoustical Society of America Search Advanced Search |Citation Search
Enhanced Biotransformation of Furfural and Hydroxymethylfurfural by Newly Developed Ethanologenic Yeast Strains (2009)

Furfural and hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF) are representative inhibitors among many inhibitive compounds derived from biomass degradation and saccharification for bioethanol fermentation. Most yeasts, including industrial strains, are susceptible to these inhibitory compounds, especially when multiple inhibitors are present. Additional detoxification steps add cost and complexity to the process and generate additional waste products. To promote efficient bioethanol production, we studied the mechanisms of stress tolerance, particularly to fermentation inhibitors such as furfural and HMF. We recently reported a metabolite of 2,5-bis-hydroxymethylfuran as a conversion product of HMF and characterized a dose-dependent response of ethanologenic yeasts to inhibitors. In this study, we present newly adapted strains that demonstrated higher levels of tolerance to furfural and HMF. Saccharomyces cerevisiae 307-12H60 and 307-12H120 and Pichia stipitis 307 10H60 showed enhanced biotransformation ability to reduce HMF to 2,5-bis-hydroxymethylfuran at 30 and 60 mM, and S. cerevisiae 307-12-F40 converted furfural into furfuryl alcohol at significantly higher rates compared to the parental strains. Strains of S. cerevisiae converted 100% of HMF at 60 mM and S. cerevisiae 307-12-F40 converted 100% of furfural into furfuryl alcohol at 30 mM. The results of this study suggest a possible in situ detoxification of the inhibitors by using more inhibitor-tolerant yeast strains for bioethanol fermentation. The development of such tolerant strains provided a basis and useful materials for further studies on the mechanisms of stress tolerance.
Single pole-piece objective lens with electrostatic bipotential lens for SEM (2002)

This report describes the characteristics for the development of a compound lens that consists of a single pole-piece objective lens and an electrostatic bipotential lens. By applying a relatively small voltage of around 1 kV to the specimen and the bipotential lens, the image quality for low acceleration voltage is improved to a condition better than with just a single pole-piece lens. Even if the wafer is tilted to a large angle, the electric field near the specimen does not become asymmetrical, and there is no occurrence of astigmatic aberration or a reduction of the secondary electron signal. Therefore, 300 mm diameter wafers can be tilted with large angles to observe patterns, particles and defects with high-resolution SEM. Lastly, when the specimen is not tilted, a topographic image of the specimen surface can be obtained by detecting the secondary electron with dual detectors.
Widespread and Persistent Populations of a Major New Marine Actinomycete Taxon in Ocean Sediments (2002)

A major taxon of obligate marine bacteria within the order Actinomycetales has been discovered from ocean sediments. Populations of these bacteria (designated MAR 1) are persistent and widespread, spanning at least three distinct ocean systems. In this study, 212 actinomycete isolates possessing MAR 1 morphologies were examined and all but two displayed an obligate requirement of seawater for growth. Forty-five of these isolates, representing all observed seawater-requiring morphotypes, were partially sequenced and found to share characteristic small-subunit rRNA signature nucleotides between positions 207 and 468 (Escherichia coli numbering). Phylogenetic characterization of seven representative isolates based on almost complete sequences of genes encoding 16S rRNA (16S ribosomal DNA) yielded a monophyletic clade within the family Micromonosporaceae and suggests novelty at the genus level. This is the first evidence for the existence of widespread populations of obligate marine actinomycetes. Organic extracts from cultured members of this new group exhibit remarkable biological activity, suggesting that they represent a prolific resource for biotechnological applications.
Query encrypted databases practically (2012)

The cloud database services are attractive for managing outsourced databases. However, the data security and privacy is a big concern hampering the acceptance of cloud database services. A straightforward way to address this concern is to encrypt the database, but an encrypted database cannot be easily queried.
NVG-111, a novel ROR1xCD3 bispecific antibody for non-Hodgkin lymphoma. (2021)

7549 Background: Receptor tyrosine kinase-like Orphan Receptor 1 (ROR1) is a type I transmembrane protein is highly expressed on an array of haematological and solid tumours. NVG-111 is a humanised, tandem scFv ROR1xCD3 bispecific antibody previously shown to elicit potent killing of tumour cells in vitro and in vivo by engaging a membrane-proximal epitope in the Wnt5a-binding Frizzled domain of ROR1 and redirecting T cell activity. The in vitro potency and pharmacodynamic responses to NVG-111 were assessed to support progression to a first-in-human study. Methods: The potency of NVG-111 in vitro was determined by evaluating the concentration response for cytotoxicity, T cell activation, and cytokine release in co-cultured Jeko-1 and unstimulated human T cells. Comparative data were generated for the marketed CD19xCD3 bispecific antibody, blinatumomab. Potency data for NVG-111 were used together with allometric scaling from murine PK studies to inform planned clinical doses. Results: NVG-111 demonstrated T cell-dependent cytotoxicity, T cell activation and levels of cytokine release similar in potency to blinatumomab. Cytotoxic responses of both NVG-111 and blinatumomab were more potent than T cell activation and cytokine release. Dose response curves for NVG-111 showed a decrease in activity beyond the concentration of maximal response (ie “hook effect”). We hypothesise this is due to receptor saturation, inhibiting synapse formation. NVG-111 has progressed to a Phase 1/2 first-in-human study in patients with debulked, relapsed/refractory chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) and mantle cell lymphoma (MCL), the drug given as add-on to ≥2nd line therapy with a Bruton’s tyrosine kinase inhibitor, or venetoclax. Phase 1 includes escalating doses of 0.3 to 360 µg/day via continuous infusion over 3 cycles (each 21 days on, 7 days off) to establish safety, PK, pharmacodynamics (PD) and recommended phase 2 dose (RP2D). Predicted exposure at 0.3 µg/day is ̃EC 20 for cytotoxicity in vitro and below the lowest EC 10 for cytokine release. PD biomarkers in the study include systemic cytokines. Phase 2 will study efficacy and safety of the RP2D in CLL and MCL, with primary endpoint complete response rate; other efficacy endpoints include minimal residual disease and progression free survival. Conclusions: NVG-111 shows potent T-cell mediated lymphoma cell cytotoxicity in vitro at concentrations well below those associated with extensive cytokine release. NVG-111 is in an ongoing Phase 1/2 study and may present a novel option for adoptive immunotherapy in patients with non-Hodgkin lymphoma and potentially other cancers. Clinical trial information: 2020-000820-20. [Table: see text]
Experiments on a repetitively pulsed electrothermal thruster (1990)

This paper presents experimental results from an investigation of a pulsed electrothermal (PET) thruster using water propellant. The PET thruster is operated on a calibrated thrust stand, and produces a thrust to power ratio of T/P = 0.07 + or - 0.01 N/kW. The discharge conditions are inferred from a numerical model which predicts pressure and temperature levels of 300-500 atm and 20,000 K, respectively. These values in turn correctly predict the measured values of impulse bit and discharge resistance. The inferred ideal exhaust velocity from these conditions is 17 km/sec, but the injection of water propellant produces a test tank background pressure of 10-20 Torr, which reduces the exhaust velocity to 14 km/sec. This value corresponds to a thrust efficiency of 54 + or - 7 percent when all experimental errors are taken into account.
Cephalosporins. II Synthesis and structure-activity relationships of new 7-vinylenethioacetamido and thioacrylamido cephalosporins. (1981)

The synthesis and in vitro structure-activity relationships of 7-vinylenethioacetamido and thioacrylamido cephalosporins with various substituents at the 3-position are described. 7(Z)-beta-Vinylenethioacetamido cephalosporins proved the most active against Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria. 7-[(Z)-beta-Cyanovinylenethioacetamido]-3-[(1-methyl-1H-tetrazol-5-yl)-thiomethyl]-3-cephem-4-carboxylic acid (K 13101, 40) was several times more active in vitro than cefazolin.
Reduction of noise and vibration in an elevator car by selectively reducing air turbulence (1991)

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Fast Spatially-Varying Indoor Lighting Estimation (2019)

We propose a real-time method to estimate spatially-varying indoor lighting from a single RGB image. Given an image and a 2D location in that image, our CNN estimates a 5th order spherical harmonic representation of the lighting at the given location in less than 20ms on a laptop mobile graphics card. While existing approaches estimate a single, global lighting representation or require depth as input, our method reasons about local lighting without requiring any geometry information. We demonstrate, through quantitative experiments including a user study, that our results achieve lower lighting estimation errors and are preferred by users over the state-of-the-art. Our approach can be used directly for augmented reality applications, where a virtual object is relit realistically at any position in the scene in real-time.