gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Single Image Spectral Reconstruction for Multimedia Applications (2015)

In this paper, we present a method which can perform spectral reconstruction and illuminant recovery from a single colour image making use of an unlabelled training set of hyperspectral images. Our method employs colour and appearance information to drive the reconstruction process subject to the material properties of the objects in the scene. The idea is to reconstruct the image spectral irradiance making use of a set of prototypes extracted from the training set. These spectra, together with a set of convolutional features are hence obtained using sparse coding so as to reconstruct the image irradiance. With the reconstructed spectra in hand, we proceed to compute the illuminant power spectrum using a quadratic optimisation approach. We provide a quantitative analysis for our method and compare to a number of alternatives. We also show sample results on illuminant substitution and transfer, film simulation and image recolouring using mood board colour schemes.
Adaptive Suspension Concepts for Road Vehicles (1984)

SUMMARY Most vehicle suspensions are composed of passive spring and damper devices, although improved suspension performance is possible if an active system is used to control forces or relative velocities. The complexity, power requirements, and cost of fully active suspensions have restricted their use. Various partially active suspensions have been proposed and suspensions with slow load levelers and variable dampers are in widespread use. Here we analyze a class of basically passive suspensions the parameters of which can be varied actively in response to various measured signals on the vehicle. These suspensions can come close to optimal performance with simpler means than many of the active or semi-active schemes previously proposed.
Stereoscopic x-ray image processing. (2001)

A three-step stereoscopic image-processing algorithm is proposed in order to improve image quality and depth perception of stereoscopic radiographs taken with C-arm equipment. The steps include illumination correction, geometry conversion and screen parallax adjustment. Flipping of stereoscopic radiographs is also discussed.
Comparative Performance of Microbial Desalination Cells Using Air Diffusion and Liquid Cathode Reactions: Study of the Salt Removal and Desalination Efficiency (2019)

Microbial Desalination Cell (MDC) represents an innovative technology which accomplishes simultaneous desalination and wastewater treatment without external energy input. MDC technology could be employed to provide freshwater with low-energy input, for example, in remote areas where organic wastes (i.e., urban or industrial) are available. In addition, MDC technology has been proposed as pre-treatment in conventional reverse osmosis plants, with the aim of saving energy and avoiding greenhouse gases related to conventional desalination processes. The use of oxygen reduction (i.e. O 2 + 2H 2 O + 4e - 4 OH -, E 0 = 0.815 V, pH = 7) was usually implemented as cathodic reaction in most of the MDCs reported in literature, whereas other strategies based on liquid catholytes have been also proposed, for example, ferroferricyanide redox couple (i.e. Fe(CN) 3- 6 + 1e - Fe(CN) 4- 6 , E 0 = 0.37 V). As the MDC designs in the literature and operation modes (i.e., batch, continuous, semi-continuous, etc.) are quite different, the available MDC studies are not directly comparable. For this reason, the main objective of this work was to have a proper comparison of two similar MDCs operating with two different catholyte strategies, and compare performance and desalination efficiencies. In this sense, this study compares the desalination performance of two laboratory-scale MDCs located in two different locations for brackish water and sea water using two different strategies. The first strategy consisted of an air cathode for efficient oxygen reduction, while the second strategy was based on a liquid catholyte with Fe 3+ /Fe 2+ solution (i.e., ferro-ferricyanide complex). Both strategies achieved desalination efficiency above 90% for brackish water. Nominal desalination rates (NDR) were in the range of 0.17-0.14 Lm -2 h -1 for brackish and seawater with air diffusion cathode MDC, respectively, and 1.5-0.7 Lm -2 h -1 when using ferro-ferricyanide redox MDC. Organic matter present in wastewater was effectively removed at 0.9 and 1.1 kg CODm -3 day -1 using the air diffusion cathode MDC for brackish and Ramrez-Moreno et al.
Understanding and Mitigating Capacity Fade in Aqueous Organic Redox Flow Batteries (2018)

The promising attributes of 3,6-dihydroxy-2,4-dimethylbenzenesulfonic acid (DHDMBS) as a positive side material for aqueous organic redox flow batteries have been reported previously by our group. In the present study, we focus on understanding and mitigating the crossover of DHDMBS from the positive side of the cell to the negative side and the possible degradation pathways that could lead to capacity fade. We also uncover a slow process of "protodesulfonation" of DHDMBS that results in capacity fade during long-term cycling under strongly acidic conditions. We demonstrate the benefit of low-permeability membranes, mixed electrolytes in a symmetric cell configuration, use of electrolyte solutions with reduced acidity, and operating protocols involving polarity switching that reduce the rate of capacity fade substantially. These insights were used towards demonstrating long-term cycling of a symmetric cell with a capacity fade rate <0.02% per hour. The understanding and methods presented here are aimed at advancing the development of Organic Redox Flow Batteries (ORBAT) as an inexpensive and sustainable solution for large-scale electrical energy storage.
Low Levels of α7-Nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptor mRNA on Peripheral Blood Lymphocytes in Schizophrenia and Its Association with Illness Severity (2006)

<i>Background:</i> There is evidence that the nicotinic α7-acetylcholine receptor (α7-AChR) is involved in the pathophysiology of schizophrenia. Several neurotransmitter receptors, including α7-AChR, have been demonstrated on peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBL) and it has been suggested that these peripheral receptors may reflect corresponding brain receptors. <i>Objective:</i> In this study we compare α7 mRNA expression in PBL between schizophrenia patients and control individuals in order to determine whether any correlation exists between α7 mRNA expression in PBL and severity of schizophrenia. In addition, the isoforms of α7-AChR expressed are identified. <i>Method:</i> Peripheral venous blood samples were collected from individuals with schizophrenia (n = 44) and from healthy subjects (n = 16). Symptomatology and illness severity were assessed using standard clinical psychiatric evaluation scales. RNA was prepared from isolated lymphocytes and DELETE α7 mRNA was measured by RT-PCR. <i>Results:</i> We observed a significantly lower level of α7 mRNA on PBLs of schizophrenia patients incomparison with healthy controls (p < 0.00). A tendency to a negative correlation was noted between the CGI score, reflecting illness severity, and the α7-subunit gene expression. <i>Conclusion:</i> Observations confirm that the α7 mRNA in PBL represents the duplicated α7-AChR gene rather than the classic α7-AChR gene. Our study observations further substantiate the involvement of α7-AChR in the pathophysiology of schizophrenia and, while preliminary, indicate that the α7-AChR may be expressed and be readily measured in the peripheral blood circulation.
Decorating Surfaces with Bidirectional Texture Functions (2005)

We present a system for decorating arbitrary surfaces with bidirectional texture functions (BTF). Our system generates BTFs in two steps. First, we automatically synthesize a BTF over the target surface from a given BTF sample. Then, we let the user interactively paint BTF patches onto the surface such that the painted patches seamlessly integrate with the background patterns. Our system is based on a patch-based texture synthesis approach known as quilting. We present a graphcut algorithm for BTF synthesis on surfaces and the algorithm works well for a wide variety of BTF samples, including those which present problems for existing algorithms. We also describe a graphcut texture painting algorithm for creating new surface imperfections (e.g., dirt, cracks, scratches) from existing imperfections found in input BTF samples. Using these algorithms, we can decorate surfaces with real-world textures that have spatially-variant reflectance, fine-scale geometry details, and surfaces imperfections. A particularly attractive feature of BTF painting is that it allows us to capture imperfections of real materials and paint them onto geometry models. We demonstrate the effectiveness of our system with examples.
Profile control of novel non-Si gates using BCl3∕N2 plasma (2007)

The authors found that a BCl3∕N2 plasma is very suitable for metal gate patterning and profile control as it produces a passivating film during the etching. On blanket wafers, a boron-nitride-like film is deposited from a boron trichloride/nitride plasma mixture in a standard etch chamber at temperatures as low as 60°C. Deposition rate can be varied from 10 to more than 100nm∕min depending on the plasma conditions and BCl3∕N2 ratio. The film contains hexagonal boron nitride but is very unlikely to be a stoichiometric BN. It decomposes at elevated temperatures and is water soluble. The latter property makes the postetch clean relatively straightforward. This film can be used for sidewall passivation during the patterning of advanced non-Si gates, e.g., metal gates. They are presenting the use of BCl3∕N2 plasma for patterning of Ge and TaN gates as examples. The Ge gate profile is damaged by a pure BCl3 plasma during high-k dielectric (HfO2) etching after the gate patterning. Addition of 10% N2 to the BCl3 plasma preserves the gate profile while removing the high k. In the other example, a TaN gate is etched isotopically by pure BCl3 plasma. Addition of 5% N2 prevents the lateral attack providing straight TaN profile.
All-optical linear reconfigurable logic with nonlinear phase erasure (2009)

We introduce a novel all-optical logic architecture whereby the gates may be readily reconfigured to reprogram their logic to implement (N)AND/(N)OR/X(N)OR. A single gate structure may be used throughout the logic circuit to implement multiple truth tables. The reconfiguration is effected by an optical reference signal. The reference may also be adapted to an arbitrary Boolean complex alphabet at the gate logic inputs and calibrated to correct gate imperfections. The all-optical gate structure is partitioned into a linear interferometric front end and a nonlinear back end. In the linear section, two optical logic inputs, along with a reference signal, linearly interfere. The nonlinear back end realizes a phase-erasure (or phase-reset) function. The reconfiguration and recalibration capabilities, along with the functional decoupling between the linear and nonlinear sections of each gate, facilitate the potential aggregation of large gate counts into logic arrays. A fundamental lower bound for the expended energy per gate is derived as 3hnu+kT ln2 Joules per bit.
Generic plasmid DNA production platform incorporating low metabolic burden seed‐stock and fed‐batch fermentation processes (2009)

DNA vaccines have tremendous potential for rapid deployment in pandemic applications, wherein a new antigen is "plugged" into a validated vector, and rapidly produced in a validated, fermentation-purification process. For this application, it is essential that the vector and fermentation process function with a variety of different antigen genes. However, many antigen genes are unpredictably "toxic" or otherwise low yielding in standard fermentation processes. We report cell bank and fermentation process unit operation innovations that reduce plasmid-mediated metabolic burden, enabling successful production of previously known toxic influenza hemagglutinin antigen genes. These processes, combined with vector backbone modifications, doubled fermentation productivity compared to existing high copy vectors, such as pVAX1 and gWiz, resulting in high plasmid yields (up to 2,220 mg/L, 5% of total dry cell weight) even with previously identified toxic or poor producing inserts.
Novel Wet-Process Silica Prepared from Alkyl Silicates. Part I: Synthesis (1985)

Abstract A simple procedure for preparing a silica filler possessing both the necessary structure and surface character to be useful as a reinforcing filler for silicone elastomers has been developed. The novel, one-step process involves hydrolysis and condensation of alkyl silicates in the presence of a silica surface treatment agent exemplified as follows: (see PDF for diagram) Only easily recycled by-products are generated during the synthesis of the new WPH silica. Performance of the resultant WPH silica filler in reinforcing silicone elastomers will be discussed in detail in Part II of this series, while their use in silicone elastomers for optical applications will be described in Part III.
Rechargeable Lithium Batteries with Aqueous Electrolytes (1994)

Rechargeable lithium-ion batteries that use an aqueous electrolyte have been developed. Cells with LiMn(2)O(4) and VO(2)(B) as electrodes and 5 M LiNO(3) in water as the electrolyte provide a fundamentally safe and cost-effective technology that can compete with nickelcadmium and lead-acid batteries on the basis of stored energy per unit of weight.
Novel nonlinear adaptive Doppler-shift estimation technique for the coherent Doppler validation lidar (2007)

The signal-processing aspect of a 2-µm wavelength-coherent Doppler lidar system under development at NASA Langley Research Center in Virginia is investigated in this paper. The system is named VALIDAR (validation lidar), and its signal-processing program estimates and displays various wind parameters in real time as data acquisition occurs. The goal is to improve the quality of the current estimates of power, Doppler shift, wind speed, and wind direction, especially in the low signal-to-noise-ratio (SNR) regime. A novel nonlinear adaptive Doppler-shift estimation technique (NADSET) is developed for this purpose, and its performance is analyzed using the wind data acquired over a long period of time by VALIDAR. The quality of Doppler-shift and power estimations by conventional Fourier-transform-based spectrum estimation methods deteriorates rapidly as the SNR decreases. NADSET compensates this deterioration by adaptively utilizing the statistics of Doppler-shift estimates in a strong SNR range and identifying sporadic range bins where good Doppler-shift estimates are found. The authenticity of NADSET is established by comparing the trend of wind parameters with and without NADSET applied to the long-period lidar return data.
An All-Silicon Passive Optical Diode (2012)

We demonstrate an optical diode with up to 28dB transmission contrast at telecommunication wavelengths. It is based on strong optical nonlinearity in two resonance-matched silicon microrings. No external assistance other than input light is required.
Unrolled Polar Decoders, Part II: Fast List Decoders. (2015)

Polar codes asymptotically achieve the symmetric capacity of memoryless channels, yet their error-correcting performance under successive-cancellation (SC) decoding for short and moderate length codes is worse than that of other modern codes such as low-density parity-check (LDPC) codes. Of the many methods to improve the error-correction performance of polar codes, list decoding yields the best results, especially when the polar code is concatenated with a cyclic redundancy check (CRC). List decoding involves exploring several decoding paths with SC decoding, and therefore tends to be slower than SC decoding itself, by an order of magnitude in practical implementations. This is the second in a two-part series of papers on unrolled polar decoders. Part I focuses on hardware SC polar decoders. In this paper (Part II), we present a new algorithm based on unrolling the decoding tree of the code that improves the speed of list decoding by an order of magnitude when implemented in software. Furthermore, we show that for software-defined radio applications, our proposed algorithm is faster than the fastest software implementations of LDPC decoders in the literature while offering comparable error-correction performance at similar or shorter code lengths.
Establishment of a Novel Model of Onychomycosis in Rabbits for Evaluation of Antifungal Agents (2011)

We developed a novel model of onychomycosis in which we observed fungi in the deep layer of the nail, and we used the model to evaluate the efficacy of two topical antifungal drugs. To establish an experimental, in vivo model of onychomycosis, we applied Trichophyton mentagrophytes TIMM2789 to the nails of the hind limbs of rabbits that underwent steroid treatment. The nails were taken from the rabbits' feet at 0, 2, and 6 weeks after a 2-week infection. The localization of the fungi was evaluated histopathologically. Some fungi were seen to penetrate to the nail bed, and the infection rate in the sample at 0, 2, and 6 weeks after infection was 57, 87, and 93%, respectively. In addition, fungi proliferated and moved proximally into the nail plate in a manner that depended on the duration of infection. Second, using this model we evaluated antifungal efficacy both by the culture recovery method and histopathological examination. Two topical antifungal drugs, 8% ciclopirox nail lacquer and 5% amorolfine nail lacquer, were applied to the nail for 4 weeks in each group. On histopathological examination, two antifungal treatment groups showed no significant difference against the nontreated control group. However, there were a significantly low fungus-positive rate and intensity of the recovery of fungi on culture between antifungal treatment and nontreated control groups. We therefore suggest that we have established an in vivo model of onychomycosis that is useful for the evaluation of the efficacy of antifungal agents.
Flexible cells and batteries formed therefrom. [Li/Ag/sub 2/CrO/sub 4/ with lithium perchlorate to electrolyte in tetrahydrofuran and propylene carbonate] (1978)

A high-energy-density cell or battery capable of undergoing flexular stress with little effect on its discharge properties either during and after subjection to stress is disclosed. 7 figures, 3 tables.
Semantic business process modeling: Facilitating the design and verification of conceptual process models (2010)

This thesis contributes a business process modeling framework based on semantic technologies. The framework consists of modeling languages, methods and tools, which aim at facilitating the design and improving the quality of conceptual business process models.
Naphthol-modifiedβ-cyclodextrins as fluorescent sensors for detecting contaminants in drinking water (2000)

The naphthol-modified β-cyclodextrins 1 and 2 have been synthesized as novel chemosensors for detecting contaminants in drinking water. They exhibit a broad fluorescence band with a peak around 505 nm for 1 and 485 nm for 2, arising from anion species of the excited naphthol unit. Upon the addition of contaminant guests, the fluorescence intensity of 2 decreased, while that of 1 increased. These fluorescence changes may be related to the guest-induced location change of the naphthol moiety from the inside to the outside of the cyclodextrin cavity. They exhibited high sensitivities for carbon tetrachloride, among several alkyl halides, as well as for odorants such as geosmin and 2-methylisoborneol. These results demonstrate that 1 and 2 will be useful for monitoring the purity of drinking water.
Surface-Emitting Photonic-Crystal Laser with 35W Peak Power (2009)

Advances in high-efficiency, large-area, surface-emitting photonic-crystal lasers have been developed to achieve peak emission powers of 35W with a slope efficiency of 0.7W/A for a total device area of ~0.4mm2.
Spiral interpolation algorithm for multislice spiral CT. I. Theory (2000)

This paper presents the adaptive axial interpolator (AAI), a novel spiral interpolation approach for multislice spiral computed tomography (CT) implemented in a clinical multislice CT scanner, the SOMATOM Volume Zoom (Siemens Medical Systems, Forchheim, Germany). The method works on parallel-beam data generated from the acquired fan-beam data by azimuthal rebinning. Spiral interpolation is performed by distance-dependent weighting; i.e., for each ray, its distance to the image plane is evaluated and serves as an argument to a freely selectable weighting function, resulting in a weight factor. A normalization step is applied to the weight factors to ensure that the sum of all corresponding weights (i.e., the weights applied to rays that contribute to the same ray in the interpolated sinogram) is 1. By selection of appropriate weighting functions and suitable adjustment of the tube current, it is possible to keep the slice sensitivity profiles (SSP) as well as the pixel noise constant for all pitch values in the relevant range. Also, a large range of slice-thickness can be reconstructed from a given collimation. The method is, thus, very versatile. Further advantages are that it uses the entire applied dose for imaging and allows for efficient implementation using a table lookup approach.
Abstract 9360: Dual-Energy X-ray Absorptiometry for Quantification of Visceral Adipose Tissue (2011)

Background: Obesity is the major risk factor for metabolic syndrome and through it diabetes as well as cardiovascular disease. Visceral fat (VF) rather than subcutaneous fat (SF) is the major predictor of adverse events. Currently the gold standard for measuring VF is abdominal x-ray computed tomography (CT), which exposes patients to significant amounts of radiation and is relatively time-consuming. Dual-energy x-ray absorptio-metry (DXA) can accurately measure body composition with high precision, low x-ray exposure and short scanning time. The purpose of this study was to validate a new method whereby VF can be measured by DXA. Methods: We studied124 adult men and women volunteers, aged 18 to 90 years, representing a wide range of BMI values (18.5 to 40 kg/m 2 ) who underwent DXA and CT in a fasting state within one hour of each other. The DXA VF algorithm uses measurements of the total abdominal thickness, based on x-ray attenuation, and the width of the SF layer along the lateral extent of the abdomen along with geometric constants to estimate SF in the android region. VF is computed by subtracting SF from the total fat in the android region. Results: Our results are depicted in the Figure. The coefficient of determination (r²) for regression of CT on iDXA values was 0.959 for females, 0.949 for males and 0.957 combined. The 95% confidence interval for r was 0.968 to 0.985 for the combined data. The 95% confidence interval for the mean of the differences between CT and iDXA VF volume was -96.0 to - 16.3 cm³. Bland-Altman bias was +67 cm³ for females and +43 cm³ for males. The 95% limits of agreement were -339 to +472 cm³ for females and -379 to +465 cm³ for males. Combined, the bias was +56 cm³ with 95% limits of agreement of -355 to +468 cm³. Conclusion: We conclude that DXA can measure VF precisely in both men and women. This simple non-invasive method can therefore be used to measure VF in individual patients and help define cardiovascular risk.
Towards a frequency-selective microwave power limiter for defense and aerospace applications (2007)

An overview of high power microwave threats and the development of a distributed frequency-selective microwave power limiter are presented in this paper. The design of the proposed device is based on power dissipation by electron emission. Indeed vacuum components are supposedly able to handle very high frequency signals at high power levels. Electromagnetic simulations will be compared to broadband characterization results.