gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Web browser architecture proposal with local agent (2009)

The Web browser has become the centerfold application to the Internet. It has evolved from being an application for rendering static Web pages to a host of a variety of applications. The growing requirements for a Web browser have lead to code additions, vendor specific add-ons but not much change in its base design. Hence in this paper we are proposing new Web browser architecture based on local computing which will ensure improvement in quality of service (QOS). This can be achieved by adding a generic extensible local agent on client end which will interact with Web browser. This new local agent will support some generic functionality like compression. Additionally this agent can also have an additional security layer specifically designed for Add-ons, authentication, data upload and download. By separating out specific security features from the Web browser to a separate component will help to reduce the code size of a Web browser. Security patch-ups for newly found vulnerabilities related to Web-browser can be made available easily without the reinstallation of complete Web browser. In case of multimedia data upload, compression will ensure tremendous reduction in data transfer over network. In case of image uploads using compression; our POC proves the best case reduction in data transfer by 80 times and average case data transfer reduction by 12 times.
Tumour-infiltrating CD8+ lymphocytes as an independent predictive factor for pathological complete response to primary systemic therapy in breast cancer (2013)

These findings indicate that CD8+ cytotoxic T lymphocytes are a key component of TILs associated with chemo-response and can be used as a reliable predictor of response to anthracycline- or anthracycline/taxane-based PST in breast cancer.
A capacity theory of comprehension: Individual differences in working memory. (1992)

A theory of the way working memory capacity constrains comprehension is proposed. The theory proposes that both processing and storage are mediated by activation and that the total amount of activation available in working memory varies among individuals. Individual differences in working memory capacity for language can account for qualitative and quantitative differences among college-age adults in several aspects of language comprehension. One aspect is syntactic modularity: The larger capacity of some individuals permits interaction among syntactic and pragmatic information, so that their syntactic processes are not informationally encapsulated. Another aspect is syntactic ambiguity: The larger capacity of some individuals permits them to maintain multiple interpretations. The theory is instantiated as a production system model in which the amount of activation available to the model affects how it adapts to the transient computational and storage demands that occur in comprehension.
Self-Phosphorylation of Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor Is an Intermolecular Reaction (1997)

The binding of epidermal growth factor (EGF) to epidermal growth factor receptor (EGF receptor) results in the dimerization and self-phosphorylation of the receptor. Both of these responses were followed as a function of time and the concentration of EGF receptor. Dimerization of EGF receptor was monitored by immunoblotting the protein after it had been cross-linked with glutaraldehyde. The capacity for self-phosphorylation was followed by measuring the relative level of incorporation of [32P]phosphate into EGF receptor on autoradiograms of the same immunoblots used for the assay of its dimerization. When these two properties were followed as a function of time, it was found that dimerization preceded the appearance of the capacity for self-phosphorylation. Both dimeric and monomeric forms of EGF receptor were self-phosphorylated in the presence of EGF, but the dimeric form was phosphorylated preferentially to the monomeric form. When the dimerization and the capacity for self-phosphorylation were followed as a function of the concentration of dimeric EGF receptor, it was observed that the self-phosphorylation of dimeric EGF receptor increased as the concentration of dimeric EGF receptor increased. An equation including terms representing both intramolecular and intermolecular rates of self-phosphorylation was fit to the plots of self-phosphorylation as a function of concentration of EGF receptor. These fits demonstrate that intramolecular self-phosphorylation within dimers of EGF receptor is insignificant and that self-phosphorylation is an intermolecular process between dimers of EGF receptor.
Sonar-Based Measurement of User Attention (2010)

Abstract—We describe a technique to determine presence and attention levels of computer users. This technique relies on sonar using hardware that already exists on commodity laptop computers and other electronic devices. It leverages the fact that human bodies have a different effect on sound waves than air and other objects. We conducted a user study in which 20 volunteers used a computer equipped with our ultrasonic sonar software. Our results show that it is possible to detect users with near perfect accuracy after only ten seconds of measurement. Our experiment is the first to demonstrate that user attention states can be differentiated using sonar. I.
Structure from motion using dense CNN features with keypoint relocalization (2018)

Abstract Structure from motion (SfM) using imagery that involves extreme appearance changes is yet a challenging task due to a loss of feature repeatability. Using feature correspondences obtained by matching densely extracted convolutional neural network (CNN) features significantly improves the SfM reconstruction capability. However, the reconstruction accuracy is limited by the spatial resolution of the extracted CNN features which is not even pixel-level accuracy in the existing approach. Providing dense feature matches with precise keypoint positions is not trivial because of memory limitation and computational burden of dense features. To achieve accurate SfM reconstruction with highly repeatable dense features, we propose an SfM pipeline that uses dense CNN features with relocalization of keypoint position that can efficiently and accurately provide pixel-level feature correspondences. Then, we demonstrate on the Aachen Day-Night dataset that the proposed SfM using dense CNN features with the keypoint relocalization outperforms a state-of-the-art SfM (COLMAP using RootSIFT) by a large margin.
Vascular Access Flow Reduction for Arteriovenous Fistula Salvage in Symptomatic Patients with Central Venous Occlusion (2011)

The symptoms of hemodialysis vascular access patients associated with non-correctable central venous lesions resolved successfully and their access was maintained using a precision inflow banding procedure.
Discriminatory optical force for chiral molecules (2014)

We suggest that the force F exerted upon a chiral molecule by light assumes the form under appropriate circumstances, where a and b pertain to the molecule whilst w and h are the local densities of electric energy and helicity in the optical field; the gradients of these quantities thus governing the molecule's centre-of-mass motion. Whereas a is identical for the mirror-image forms or enantiomers of the molecule, b has opposite signs; the associated contribution to F therefore pointing in opposite directions. A simple optical field is presented for which vanishes but does not, so that F is absolutely discriminatory. We then present two potential applications: a Stern–Gerlach-type deflector capable of spatially separating the enantiomers of a chiral molecule and a diffraction grating to which chiral molecules alone are sensitive; the resulting diffraction patterns thus encoding information about their chiral geometry.
Analyzing Wireless Indoor Communications by Blockage Models (2016)

The performance of wireless cellular networks in indoor scenarios is in large parts characterized by the blockage objects such as walls. These objects can be included in the system model in several ways. We present in this paper different wall generation methods, ranging from approaches from random shape theory (in 1-D and 2-D) to semideterministic and heuristic approaches. To attain comparable results, we ensure that the average wall volume for each method is constant. This results in the same average attenuation for distinct paths, which is shown analytically as well as by simulations. We apply a regular transmitter grid, show the influence of the relative orientation between walls and transmitter-receiver path and also elaborate on the influence of interferers in different tiers around the desired transmitter. Based on the average attenuation, we introduce the necessary approximations to yield tractable expressions for average performance in terms of Signal-to-Interference Ratio (SIR). These approximations are necessary to reflect the fluctuations among the instantaneous SIR values for the individual realizations of the blockage scenario and also due to the spatial correlation of blockages influencing several transmitter-signals simultaneously. Our results show a good accordance among the analytical and simulation results. Furthermore, we find the random wall generation method in two dimensions as the worst case scenario and the regular wall generation method as the best case scenario under the constraint of constant average wall volume.
A temperature-stable CMOS variable-gain amplifier with 80-dB linearly controlled gain range (2002)

A CMOS variable-gain amplifier (VGA) using subthreshold exponential region transistors with master-slave control technique is proposed. The proposed technique is applied to an intermediate-frequency VGA with a quadrature demodulator for wireless receivers. The test chip is fabricated using a 0.25-/spl mu/m CMOS technology. An 80-dB linearly controlled gain range is achieved with exponential voltage-to-current converters using MOS transistors biased in a subthreshold exponential region, and the master-slave control circuits make the gain-control characteristic insensitive to the temperature. The experimental results indicate that the proposed technique is effective for a CMOS variable-gain amplifier.
3D Printing of Photocurable Cellulose Nanocrystal Composite for Fabrication of Complex Architectures via Stereolithography (2017)

The advantages of 3D printing on cost, speed, accuracy, and flexibility have attracted several new applications in various industries especially in the field of medicine where customized solutions are highly demanded. Although this modern fabrication technique offers several benefits, it also poses critical challenges in materials development suitable for industry use. Proliferation of polymers in biomedical application has been severely limited by their inherently weak mechanical properties despite their other excellent attributes. Earlier works on 3D printing of polymers focus mainly on biocompatibility and cellular viability and lack a close attention to produce robust specimens. Prized for superior mechanical strength and inherent stiffness, cellulose nanocrystal (CNC) from abaca plant is incorporated to provide the necessary toughness for 3D printable biopolymer. Hence, this work demonstrates 3D printing of CNC-filled biomaterial with significant improvement in mechanical and surface properties. These findings may potentially pave the way for an alternative option in providing innovative and cost-effective patient-specific solutions to various fields in medical industry. To the best of our knowledge, this work presents the first successful demonstration of 3D printing of CNC nanocomposite hydrogel via stereolithography (SL) forming a complex architecture with enhanced material properties potentially suited for tissue engineering.
Herpes Simplex Virus Vector–Mediated Expression of Interleukin-10 Reduces Below-Level Central Neuropathic Pain After Spinal Cord Injury (2012)

Below-level pain after SCI is characterized by neuroimmune activation (increase mTNFα and astrocyte activation). Blunting of the neuroimmune response by HSV-mediated delivery of IL-10 reduced pain-related behaviors, and may represent a potential novel therapeutic agent.
The design and evaluation of a defense system for Internet worms (2004)

Many areas of society have become heavily dependent on services such as transportation facilities, utilities and so on that are implemented in part by large numbers of computers and communications links. Both past incidents and research studies show that a well-engineered Internet worm can disable such systems in a fairly simple way and, most notably, in a matter of a few minutes. This indicates the need for defenses against worms but their speed rules out the possibility of manually countering worm outbreaks. We present a platform that emulates the epidemic behavior of Internet active worms in very large networks. A reactive control system operates on top of the platform and provides a monitor/analyze/respond approach to deal with infections automatically. Details of our highly configurable platform and various experimental performance results are presented.
A Practical Approach to Improve the Data Privacy of Virtual Machines (2010)

Cloud computing can provide users dynamically scalable, shared resources over the internet, but users usually fear about security threats and loss of control of data and systems. This paper presents a practical architecture to protect the data confidentiality for guest virtual machines. With this solution, even the cloud computing service providers cannot access the private data of their clients. This is very important and attractive for the cloud clients. In our work, we utilize virtualization technology and trusted computing technology to construct a secure and robust virtualization platform. On this platform, we customize the guest virtual machine operating system, strengthen the isolation between virtual machines, and therefore, greatly improve the data privacy of cloud services. With our solution, the cloud service provider can compromise the availability, but not the confidentiality of the guest virtual machines.
On blind compression of encrypted data approaching the source entropy rate (2005)

Traditional data transmission over an insecure noiseless channel consists of first compressing data for efficiency and then encrypting it for security. Reversing the order of these operations is considered in Johnson et al. [6]. The central realization is that while the raw and encrypted data are statistically independent, the encrypted data and key sequence are not. If distributed source coding techniques are used to compress and to jointly decode and decrypt the data, reversing the order need not lead to performance reductions in either communication efficiency or security. In this paper, we build on this work by considering systems that must operate without knowledge of the underlying source statistics. We present and analyze an incremental scheme based on exponentially increasing block lengths that is designed to balance the resolution rate of parameter estimation with the redundancy rate of communication. We show that the redundancy at best declines proportional to the inverse of the square root of the block length. We implement these ideas using low-density parity check (LDPC) codes. In practical tests to transmit a binary source of 100, 000 bits, ideally compressible to 17, 912 bits with perfect knowledge and an ideal code, required only 26, 787 bits. In comparison, to transmit this source with full knowledge of the source statistics required 21, 704 bits.
Techniques for Gradient Based Bilevel Optimization with Nonsmooth Lower Level Problems (2016)

We propose techniques for approximating bilevel optimization problems with non-smooth lower level problems that can have a non-unique solution. To this end, we substitute the expression of a minimizer of the lower level minimization problem with an iterative algorithm that is guaranteed to converge to a minimizer of the problem. Using suitable non-linear proximal distance functions, the update mappings of such an iterative algorithm can be differentiable, notwithstanding the fact that the minimization problem is non-smooth.
Full OCT anterior segment biometry: an application in cataract surgery (2013)

In vivo three-dimensional (3-D) anterior segment biometry before and after cataract surgery was analyzed by using custom high-resolution high-speed anterior segment spectral domain Optical Coherence Tomography (OCT). The system was provided with custom algorithms for denoising, segmentation, full distortion correction (fan and optical) and merging of the anterior segment volumes (cornea, iris, and crystalline lens or IOL), to provide fully quantitative data of the anterior segment of the eye. The method was tested on an in vitro artificial eye with known surfaces geometry at different orientations and demonstrated on an aging cataract patient in vivo. Biometric parameters CCT, ACD/ILP, CLT/ILT Tilt and decentration are retrieved with a very high degree of accuracy. IOL was placed 400 μm behind the natural crystalline lens, The IOL was aligned with a similar orientation of the natural lens (2.47 deg superiorly), but slightly lower amounts (0.77 deg superiorly). The IOL was decentered superiorly (0.39 mm) and nasally (0.26 mm).
The impact of channel-width on threshold voltage for short channel devices (2011)

Technology advances has enabled reduction in transistor dimensions to almost nm scale dimensions as low as 25 nm. CMOS circuits designed for deep submicron technology have imposed new design challenges called as submicron or second order short channel effects (SCE). These SCE contribute to maximum static power dissipation and are closely related to the aspect ratio of the device. In this paper, we present behavior of a low power multi supply voltage (multi-V <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">DD</inf> ) interface circuit with respect to variation in aspect ratio of the sleep transistor. The simulation results show variation of threshold voltage for given technology with respect to the variation in channel width in contrast to previous device theory which says threshold voltage is process dependent. We have tried to optimize the level shifter circuit for high performance and low power by varying channel width. The circuit performance can be improved by increasing channel width of transistors in critical path and decreasing channel width for sleep transistor resulting in high threshold voltage. This reduces sub threshold, short circuit and leakage currents. Simulations have been carried out using Cadence Virtuoso Spectre simulator with 0.18µm technology.
Superlattice-doped silicon detectors: progress and prospects (2014)

In this paper we review the physics and performance of silicon detectors passivated with wafer-scale molecular beam epitaxy (MBE) and atomic layer deposition (ALD). MBE growth of a two-dimensional (2D) doping superlattice on backside-illuminated (BSI) detectors provides nearly perfect protection from interface traps, even at trap densities in excess of 10<sup>14</sup> cm<sup>-2</sup>. Superlattice-doped, BSI CMOS imaging detectors show no measurable degradation of quantum efficiency or dark current from long-term exposure to pulsed DUV lasers. Wafer-scale superlattice-doping has been used to passivate CMOS and CCD imaging arrays, fully-depleted CCDs and photodiodes, and large-area avalanche photodiodes. Superlattice-doped CCDs with ALD-grown antireflection coatings achieved world record quantum efficiency at deep and far ultraviolet wavelengths (100-300nm). Recently we have demonstrated solar-blind, superlattice doped avalanche photodiodes using integrated metal-dielectric coatings to achieve selective detection of ultraviolet light in the 200-250 nm spectral range with high out-of-band rejection.
Insignificance of P−H···P Hydrogen Bonding:  Structural Chemistry of Neutral and Protonated 1,8-Di(phosphinyl)naphthalene (2004)

While there is extensive information on 1,8-di(amino)naphthalene (i.e., the parent compound of the "proton sponge" series), the corresponding phosphorus compound has not been described. A high-yield synthesis of 1,8-di(phosphinyl)naphthalene (9) and the 1-naphthylphosphine reference compound (4) is now reported. Thermal decomposition of 9 leads to intramolecular dehydrogenative P-P coupling to afford 1,2-dihydro-1,2-diphosphaacenaphthene (10). Protonation of 9 and 4 with CF(3)SO(3)H gives quantitative yields of the monophosphonium salts 11 and 5, respectively. With excess acid and traces of moisture, the hydronium salt [C(10)H(6)(PH(2))(PH(3))](+)[H(3)O](+)2[CF(3)SO(3)](-) (13) is obtained. The structures of 9, 11, and 13 have been determined. Molecules of 9 have a planar naphthalene skeleton, C(10)H(6)P(2), with the two -PH(2) groups in a transoid conformation. The molecules form loose dimers in the crystal, the individual chiral enantiomers of which are related by a center of inversion. In contrast to the situation for the amino analogue, and despite the proximity of the two -PH(2) functions, there is no intra- or intermolecular hydrogen bonding. Solutions of 9 (in CD(2)Cl(2)) show equivalent P-bound hydrogen atoms due to conformational fluctionality. By analysis of the ABCD(2)XX'D'(2)C'B'A' spin system, it was shown that, in 9, there are strong through-space pericouplings [(n)J(P(X)P(X)(')) = 221.6 Hz, (n)J(P(X)H(D)(')) = 31.7 Hz, (n)J(H(D)H(D)(')) = 3.9 Hz]. In the cations of 11, the C(10)H(6)P(2) skeleton is also planar (by C(s) symmetry), with the -PH(2) and -PH(3)(+) groups in a conformation which rules out any P-H...P hydrogen bonding. The hydronium cation and the two triflate anions in 13 are associated into an anionic network through extensive hydrogen bonding surrounding stacks of the phosphonium cations. In solution, the cations of 11 and 13 show separate (31)P resonances for the two phosphorus atoms with fully resolved (1)J(PH) couplings, which indicate that there is no intra- or intercationic proton exchange. By contrast, the NMR spectra of solutions of [C(10)H(6)(NH(2))(NH(3))](+)X(-) salts show proton scrambling equilibrating all five N-bound hydrogen atoms, and in the crystal, the conformations of the cations feature intramolecular N-H...N hydrogen bonding.
Role of Neuraminidase in Lethal Synergism between Influenza Virus and<i>Streptococcus pneumoniae</i> (2003)

A lethal synergism exists between influenza virus and Streptococcus pneumoniae, accounting for excess mortality during influenza epidemics. Using a model of viral-bacterial synergism, we assessed the role that the influenza virus neuraminidase (NA) has in priming mice for pneumococcal infection. Administration of the selective NA inhibitor oseltamivir improved survival, independent of viral replication and morbidity from influenza. Both pathologic examination of the lungs and live imaging of pneumonic lesions, using a bioluminescent pneumococcus, suggested that the effect of NA inhibition was to limit the extent of pneumococcal pneumonia during early infection. Adherence assays and immunohistochemical staining for sialic acids in lungs from infected mice demonstrated that the influenza virus NA potentiates development of pneumonia by stripping sialic acid from the lung, thus exposing receptors for pneumococcal adherence. Selective NA inhibitors may be useful clinically to interrupt this novel mechanism of synergism and to prevent excess mortality from secondary bacterial pneumonia.