gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Expression of the dendritic cell–associated C‐type lectin DC‐SIGN by inflammatory matrix metalloproteinase–producing macrophages in rheumatoid arthritis synovium and interaction with intercellular adhesion molecule 3–positive T cells (2003)

The C-type lectin DC-SIGN is almost absent in the synovium of trauma patients but is highly expressed by most CD68-positive macrophages in the synovium of RA patients. The lack of correlation between DC-SIGN expression and the expression of CD83, DC-LAMP, or Fascin indicates that multiple DC/macrophage subsets are present in RA synovium. Expression of DC-SIGN and its ligand, ICAM-3, is found in substantial amounts only in RA synovium, suggesting that their interaction is implicated in the additional activation of synovial macrophages that leads to the production of EMMPRIN and MMP-1.
Motion vision sensor architecture with asynchronous self-signaling pixels (2002)

A custom CMOS imager with integrated motion computation is described. The architecture is based on correlating in time moving edges. Edges are located in time by a custom sensor; and correlated in a coprocessing module. The sensor architecture is centered around a compact pixel with analog signal processing and digital self-signaling capabilities. The sensor pixels detect moving edges in the image and communicate their position using an address-event protocol associated to temporal stamps. The coprocessing module correlates the edges and computes the velocity vector map. The motion sensor could be used in applications such as self-guided vehicles, mobile robotics and smart surveillance systems. The article details the motion sensor architecture, the simulated performance, the VLSI implementation and some preliminary results on fabricated prototypes.
BROKEN JOINT AND OVERRUN DETECTOR - BJORD (1983)

This paper describes the design parameters, wayside application limits, operating characteristics, and specifications of the BJORD. The BJORD is a broken joint and overrun detector that improves the operation of railroad/transit systems. It detects electrically defective insulated joints and the passage of a train over insulated joints. The BJORD is a single device that provides three detection functions: cab spillover, track signal spillover, and overrun. The function of detecting insulated joints it used to prevent cab signal spillover at interlocking boundary limits (i.e., cab signal injection into the approach track circuit) and to prevent falsely energizing one track receiver from an asynchronous feed (source) of an adjacent track circuit. In addition, the function of detecting passage of a train over insulated joints can indicate to the wayside an overrun condition (i.e., a train movement against a red signal). This device was developed primarily for operation in electrified railroads. The BJORD and its wayside application is currently being used in transit/mainline projects such as NECIP, RF&P, NYCTA and the Mexico railways.
Back Contact Dye-Sensitized Solar Cells (2007)

A new structure for dye-sensitized solar cells (DSCs) was proposed in which the transparent conducting oxide (TCO) is omitted and the cathode is located on the opposite side of the titanium dioxide (TiO2) film surface to the side of light irradiation. DSCs with this structure are called back contact DSCs (BCDSCs). The structure and fabrication of the cathode of BCDSCs was investigated in comparison with silicon solar cells. BCDSCs with conversion efficiency of 7.1% were achieved by vacuum deposition of the cathode directly onto the TiO2 film, suggesting that BCDSCs can function as effective solar cells with potentially increased efficiency due to the omission of the TCO.
On the Discovery and Development of Pimavanserin: A Novel Drug Candidate for Parkinson’s Psychosis (2014)

Parkinson's disease psychosis (PDP) is a condition that may develop in up to 60 % of Parkinson's patients, and is a major reason for nursing home placement for those affected. There are no FDA approved drugs for PDP but low doses of atypical anti-psychotic drugs (APDs) are commonly prescribed off-label. Only low-dose clozapine has shown efficacy in randomized controlled trials, but all APDs have black box warnings related to the increased mortality and morbidity when used in elderly demented patients. Using molecular pharmacological profiling of a large collection of marketed drugs, we discovered that potent inverse agonist activity against 5-HT2A serotonin receptors was a common feature of atypical APDs, especially the atypical APDs used to treat PDP. Since low-dose clozapine therapy selectively blocks this receptor, it was hypothesized that a highly selective 5-HT2A receptor inverse agonist might provide good symptom control in patients suffering from PDP, with a greatly improved safety and tolerability profile. A high throughput screening and subsequent chemical lead optimization campaign to develop potent, selective 5-HT2A receptor inverse agonists was launched, eventually resulting in the discovery of pimavanserin. Pimavanserin displays nanomolar potency as a 5-HT2A receptor inverse agonist, selectivity for 5-HT2A over 5-HT2C receptors, and no meaningful activity at any other G-protein coupled receptor. It demonstrated robust activity in preclinical models of schizophrenia and PDP, and did not worsen motoric symptoms, in contrast to the APDs tested. In a Phase III clinical trial, pimavanserin showed highly significant benefits in the primary endpoint, the scale for assessment of positive symptoms-PD, a scale adapted for use in PDP. In addition, improvements in all other efficacy endpoints, including physician's clinical global impression, caregiver burden, night-time sleep quality and daytime wakefulness, were seen. Pimavanserin demonstrated good safety and tolerability and did not worsen motoric symptoms as assessed by the unified Parkinson's disease rating scale parts II and III. An open-label extension study has further demonstrated that pimavanserin is safe and well-tolerated with long-term use. Pimavanserin may therefore offer a viable treatment option for patients suffering from PDP.
Spatio-Temporal Masking in Human Vision and Its Application to Image Coding. (1995)

Abstract : Before an image is stored or transmitted, we have access to the original and the distorted versions. The enhanced codec is compared to the original block by block to determine which blocks have been improved by the enhancement. These blocks are then flagged for post-processing in a way that is compliant with the JPEG standard and adds nothing to the compressed image's bandwidth. The end result is a compressed image that can be decompressed on any standard JPEG decompressor, but that can be enhanced by a sophisticated decompressor. For the comparison of the original and enhanced images, we have been developing a new vision model that is specifically tailored to the detection of errors that occur within or between two JPEG codec blocks. Previous filter models have been restricted from using a large number of filters due to computational constraints which we avoid by focusing the model on a tiny spatial area of 8x16 pixels. Further, features of human vision that have been included in previous models (color, temporal, stereo etc.) are not needed for this more focused problem. Issues that have not been completely addressed by previous models, such as masking effects, are tractable and the model is more applicable to JPEG compression.
Colorless Compact Tunable Optical Dispersion Compensator based Solely on Linear Translation (2011)

We propose and demonstrate a compact tunable optical dispersion compensator (TODC) with 100-GHz FSR. The TODC is based on longitudinal displacement of a WGR resulting in chromatic dispersion compensation of ±1000ps/nm with 70-GHz usable bandwidth.
Fabrication of an Efficient Light‐Scattering Functionalized Photoanode Using Periodically Aligned ZnO Hemisphere Crystals for Dye‐Sensitized Solar Cells (2012)

A periodically aligned submicron ZnO hemispheres array was embedded into a TiO2 nanoparticulate thin film (thickness; ca. 12 μm) as a photoanode for dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs). The ZnO hemisphere array provided light scattering centers that excited more dyes and direct electron pathways to the electrodes, which is beneficial for high efficiency DSSCs. Detailed facts of importance to specialist readers are published as ”Supporting Information”. Such documents are peer-reviewed, but not copy-edited or typeset. They are made available as submitted by the authors. Please note: The publisher is not responsible for the content or functionality of any supporting information supplied by the authors. Any queries (other than missing content) should be directed to the corresponding author for the article.
Effect of Peptides on the Inactivation of Tissue Plasminogen Activator by Plasminogen Activator Inhibitor-1 and on the Binding of Tissue Plasminogen Activator to Endothelial Cells (1990)

The effectiveness of tissue plasminogen activator (tPA) in thrombolytic therapy is dependent upon the rate at which therapeutically administered tPA reaches the clot site and the proportion of that tPA which is enzymatically active. Interactions between tPA and its main plasma inhibitor (PAI-1) and between tPA and the endothelial cells lining blood vessels are two factors which may limit efficacy. In an attempt to identify the regions of the tPA molecule involved in these interactions, we have examined a series of synthetic peptides with amino acid sequences corresponding to different regions of the tPA molecule for their ability to protect tPA from inactivation by PAI-1 and for their ability to reduce the binding of tPA to endothelial cells. Three peptides were identified which were especially effective at maintaining tPA activity in the presence of PAI-1 and three others were found which had a lesser effect. These same peptides were also found to inhibit the binding of tPA to endothelial cells. This suggests that the same regions of the tPA molecule are involved in both processes. None of the peptides inhibited the binding of tPA to fibrin. These peptides may serve as models for the development of agents for enhancing the activity of both endogenous tPA and of tPA administered in thrombolytic therapy.
Study on structure and properties of X7R ceramics based on BaTiO/sub 3/ with high dielectric constants (2002)

Microstructures and dielectric properties of BaTiO/sub 3/-based X7R ceramics were studied. The dielectric constant at room temperature is about 4600, and the dielectric loss is 10/sup -2/. The resistance is over 10/sup 12//spl Omega//spl middot/cm and TCC is less than /spl plusmn/15%. Under bias voltage, TCC is less than 13%. Therefore the materials meet EIA X7R specifications. The microstructures were studied by SEM and TEM. Inhomogeneous compositional distributions within the grains were observed that consisted of two main parts, each possessing a different temperature dependence of the dielectric constant. Multilayer capacitors were fabricated and showed outstanding performances. Dielectric constants of 5100 were achieved and components have passed the life test at 125/spl deg/C for 1000 hr.
Improving data access efficiency by using a tagless access buffer (TAB) (2013)

The need for energy efficiency continues to grow for many classes of processors, including those for which performance remains vital. Data cache is crucial for good performance, but it also represents a significant portion of the processor's energy expenditure. We describe the implementation and use of a tagless access buffer (TAB) that greatly improves data access energy efficiency while slightly improving performance. The compiler recognizes memory reference patterns within loops and allocates these references to a TAB. This combined hardware/software approach reduces energy usage by (1) replacing many level-one data cache (L1D) accesses with accesses to the smaller, more power-efficient TAB; (2) removing the need to perform tag checks or data translation lookaside buffer (DTLB) lookups for TAB accesses; and (3) reducing DTLB lookups when transferring data between the L1D and the TAB. Accesses to the TAB occur earlier in the pipeline, and data lines are prefetched from lower memory levels, which result in a small performance improvement. In addition, we can avoid many unnecessary block transfers between other memory hierarchy levels by characterizing how data in the TAB are used. With a combined size equal to that of a conventional 32-entry register file, a four-entry TAB eliminates 40% of L1D accesses and 42% of DTLB accesses, on average. This configuration reduces data-access related energy by 35% while simultane-ously decreasing execution time by 3%.
WE‐H‐207A‐06: Hypoxia Quantification in Static PET Images: The Signal in the Noise (2016)

Purpose: Quantification of hypoxia from PET images is of considerable clinical interest. In the absence of dynamic PET imaging the hypoxic fraction (HF) of a tumor has to be estimated from voxel values of activity concentration of a radioactive hypoxia tracer. This work is part of an effort to standardize quantification of tumor hypoxic fraction from PET images. Methods: A simple hypoxia imaging model in the tumor was developed. The distribution of the tracer activity was described as the sum of two different probability distributions, one for the normoxic (and necrotic), the other for the hypoxic voxels. The widths of the distributions arise due to variability of the transport, tumor tissue inhomogeneity, tracer binding kinetics, and due to PET image noise. Quantification of HF was performed for various levels of variability using two different methodologies: a) classification thresholds between normoxic and hypoxic voxels based on a non‐hypoxic surrogate (muscle), and b) estimation of the (posterior) probability distributions based on maximizing likelihood optimization that does not require a surrogate. Data from the hypoxia imaging model and from 27 cervical cancer patients enrolled in a FAZA PET study were analyzed. Results: In the model, where the true value of HF is known, thresholds usually underestimate the value for large variability. For the patients, a significant uncertainty of the HF values (an average intra‐patient range of 17%) was caused by spatial non‐uniformity of image noise which is a hallmark of all PET images. Maximum likelihood estimation (MLE) is able to directly optimize for the weights of both distributions, however, may suffer from poor optimization convergence. For some patients, MLE‐based HF values showed significant differences to threshold‐based HF‐values. Conclusion: HF‐values depend critically on the magnitude of the different sources of tracer uptake variability. A measure of confidence should also be reported.
Hyper-Graph Based Database Partitioning for Transactional Workloads (2013)

A common approach to scaling transactional databases in practice is horizontal partitioning, which increases system scalability, high availability and self-manageability. Usu- ally it is very challenging to choose or design an optimal partitioning scheme for a given workload and database. In this technical report, we propose a fine-grained hyper-graph based database partitioning system for transactional work- loads. The partitioning system takes a database, a workload, a node cluster and partitioning constraints as input and out- puts a lookup-table encoding the final database partitioning decision. The database partitioning problem is modeled as a multi-constraints hyper-graph partitioning problem. By deriving a min-cut of the hyper-graph, our system can min- imize the total number of distributed transactions in the workload, balance the sizes and workload accesses of the partitions and satisfy all the partition constraints imposed. Our system is highly interactive as it allows users to im- pose partition constraints, watch visualized partitioning ef- fects, and provide feedback based on human expertise and indirect domain knowledge for generating better partition- ing schemes.
An improved method for determining force balance calibration accuracy (1993)

The results of an improved statistical method used at Langley Research Center for determining and stating the accuracy of a force balance calibration are presented. The application of the method for initial loads, initial load determination, auxiliary loads, primary loads, and proof loads is described. The data analysis is briefly addressed.
Stratification of Responders and Non-Responders in the Reach-1 Trial Based on Serum Proteomic Analysis (2019)

Acute graft versus host disease (aGVHD) is a serious and potentially life-threatening condition that can develop in patients receiving hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT). Acute GVHD is characterized by increased levels of inflammatory mediators and signaling through the Janus Kinases (JAKs), leading to tissue and organ damage. Ruxolitinib, an oral JAK1/JAK2 inhibitor, is the first FDA-approved treatment for steroid refractory aGVHD. The current study evaluated proteomic signatures from participants in the REACH-1 clinical trial to identify those individuals which have an increased probability for success when treated with ruxolitinib in combination with corticosteroids. Plasma was collected for 42 participants enrolled in the REACH-1 clinical trial (NCT02953678) prior to and at designated times following treatment. Broad proteomic analysis of more than 1000 proteins was conducted using the OLINK proximity extension assay. Participants were separated into responders (complete responders, very good partial responders, partial responders) (n=36) or non-responders (mixed responders, progressive disease) (n=6) based on their clinical response at Day 28 of treatment. Baseline differences in day 28 responders versus non-responders were compared using t-tests. Pharmacodynamics changes within responders and non-responders were assessed using paired t-tests. Significance of statistical tests was conferred at p<0.05. Broad proteomic analysis of plasma identified a total of 145 differentially expressed proteins (p<0.05) between the responders and non-responders at baseline. Thirty-five proteins were elevated and 110 proteins were lower in responders compared to non-responders. At baseline, IL-8, IL-6, and IL-24 were among the most significantly down-regulated while SCF was one of the most significantly up-regulated in responders compared to non-responders. Pharmacodynamic analyses revealed 493 significantly modulated proteins in responders and 92 in non-responders. IL2-RA was among the most significantly down-regulated from baseline to day 28 in both responders and non-responders. This study suggests that proteomic characterization has the potential to stratify responders and non-responders to ruxolitinib and corticosteroid treatment in steroid refractory aGVHD. Additionally, this study demonstrated robust pharmacodynamic and correlative changes in responders following treatment with ruxolitinib and corticosteroids suggesting that defining a responder population could enrich for patients predisposed to positive therapeutic response; however, this should be prospectively validated in additional studies. Disclosures Owens: Incyte Corporation: Employment, Equity Ownership. Pratta:Incyte Research Institute: Employment. Liu:Incyte: Employment, Equity Ownership. Arbushites:Incyte: Employment. Tian:Incyte: Employment, Equity Ownership. Howell:Incyte: Employment.
Inhibition of HIV Type 1 Infection of Mononuclear Phagocytes by Anti-CD44 Antibodies (1995)

Cellular CD4 is the primary membrane molecule that binds HIV-1 through interaction with viral gp120. Membrane glycolipids and cell adhesion molecules have also been noted to be involved in the interaction of HIV-1 with cells and in syncytium formation in infected cells. The purpose of this study was to determine the role of the cell adhesion molecule CD44 in HIV-1 infection of cells. Both normal blood monocytes and lymphocytes expressed CD44 as determined by flow cytometry using the anti-CD44 antibody A3D8. Anti-CD44 monoclonal antibodies A3D8, A1G3, and 5F12 [ascites, purified IgG, and F(ab')2] inhibited infection of monocytes and peritoneal macrophages with HIV-1-BaL and HIV-1-ADA, but had no effect on HIV-1-IIIB infection of mitogen-stimulated lymphocytes, or cells of a T lymphocyte line. CD44 monoclonal antibodies were not toxic for monocytes, and the observed inhibitory effect of CD44 monoclonal antibodies was not dependent on complement. These results suggest that CD44 may be a determinant of HIV-1 infection of mononuclear phagocytes in vitro.
Enhanced Charge Transport in Hybrid Perovskite Field‐Effect Transistors via Microstructure Control (2018)

Abstract Hybrid organic–inorganic perovskites have recently gained immense attention due to their unique optical and electronic properties and low production cost, which make them promising candidates for a wide range of optoelectronic devices. But unlike most other technologies, the breakthroughs witnessed in hybrid perovskite optoelectronics have outgrown the basic understanding of the fundamental material properties. For example, the effectiveness of charge transport in relation to film microstructure and processing has remained elusive. In this study, field‐effect transistors are fabricated and evaluated in order to probe the nature and dynamics of charge transport in thin films of methylammonium lead iodide. A dramatic improvement is shown in the electrical properties upon solvent vapor annealing. The resulting devices exhibit ambipolar transport, with room‐temperature hole and electron mobilities exceeding 10 cm 2 V −1 s −1 . The remarkable enhancement in charge carrier mobility is attributed to the increase in the grain size and passivation of grain boundaries via the formation of solvent complexes.
A Small Surrogate for the Golden Angle in Time-Resolved Radial MRI Based on Generalized Fibonacci Sequences (2014)

In golden angle radial magnetic resonance imaging a constant azimuthal radial profile spacing of 111.246...(°) guarantees a nearly uniform azimuthal profile distribution in k-space for an arbitrary number of radial profiles. Even though this profile order is advantageous for various real-time imaging methods, in combination with balanced steady-state free precession (SSFP) sequences the large azimuthal angle increment may lead to strong image artifacts, due to the varying eddy currents introduced by the rapidly switching gradient scheme. Based on a generalized Fibonacci sequence, a new sequence of smaller irrational angles is introduced ( 49.750...(°), 32.039...(°), 27.198...(°), 23.628...(°), ... ). The subsequent profile orders guarantee the same sampling efficiency as the golden angle if at least a minimum number of radial profiles is used for reconstruction. The suggested angular increments are applied for dynamic imaging of the heart and the temporomandibular joint. It is shown that for balanced SSFP sequences, trajectories using the smaller golden angle surrogates strongly reduce the image artifacts, while the free retrospective choice of the reconstruction window width is maintained.