gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
One Key to Sign Them All Considered Vulnerable: Evaluation of DNSSEC in the Internet. (2017)

S.131-144
Quercetin attenuates thermal hyperalgesia and cold allodynia in STZ-induced diabetic rats. (2004)

Neuropathic pain is one of the important microvascular complications of diabetes. Oxidative stress and superoxide play a critical role in the development of neurovascular complications in diabetes. Aim of the present study was to evaluate the effect of quercetin, a bioflavonoid on thermal nociceptive responses in streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic rats assessed by tail-immersion and hot plate methods. After 4-weeks of a single intravenous STZ injection (45 mg/kg body weight), diabetic rats exhibited a significant thermal hyperalgesia and cold allodynia along with increased plasma glucose and decreased body weights as compared with control rats. Chronic treatment with quercetin (10 mg/kg body weight; p.o) for 4-weeks starting from the 4th week of STZ-injection significantly attenuated the cold allodynia as well as hyperalgesia. Results indicate that quercetin, a natural antioxidant, may be helpful in diabetic neuropathy.
Activation of an oncogenic microRNA cistron by provirus integration (2006)

Retroviruses can cause tumors when they integrate near a protooncogene or tumor suppressor gene of the host. We infected >2,500 mice with the SL3-3 murine leukemia virus; in 22 resulting tumors, we found provirus integrations nearby or within the gene that contains the mir-17-92 microRNA (miRNA) cistron. Using quantitative real-time PCR, we showed that expression of miRNA was increased in these tumors, indicating that retroviral infection can induce expression of oncogenic miRNAs. Our results demonstrate that retroviral mutagenesis can be a potent tool for miRNA discovery.
Towards Cloud-Aware Vulnerability Assessments (2015)

Vulnerability assessments are best practices for computer security and requirements for regulatory compliance. Potential and existing security holes can be identified during vulnerability assessments and security breaches could be averted. However, the unique nature of cloud computing environments requires more dynamic assessment techniques. The proliferation of cloud services and cloud-aware applications introduce more cloud vulnerabilities. But, current measures for identification, mitigation and prevention of cloud vulnerabilities do not suffice. Our investigations indicate a possible reason for this inefficiency to lapses in availability of precise, cloud vulnerability information. We observed also that most research efforts in the context of cloud vulnerability concentrate on IaaS, leaving other cloud models largely unattended. Similarly, most cloud assessment efforts tackle general cloud vulnerabilities rather than cloud specific vulnerabilities. Yet, mitigating cloud specific vulnerabilities is important for cloud security. Hence, this paper proposes a new approach that addresses the mentioned issues by monitoring, acquiring and adapting publicly available cloud vulnerability information for effective vulnerability assessments. We correlate vulnerability information from public vulnerability databases and develop Network Vulnerability Tests for specific cloud vulnerabilities. We have implemented, evaluated and verified the suitability of our approach.
A new bonding technique for microwave devices (1996)

Over the past five years, a great deal of work has been done to perform semiconductor die attach with AuSn alloys. Successful die attach has recently been achieved using Au and Sn multilayers evaporated onto the die or the host substrate. However, bonding techniques with thin (below 5 /spl mu/m) AuSn layers for very thin semiconductor devices have not yet been reported. The increasing demand for more advanced optoelectronic integrated circuits has created the need to bond materials having different lattice constants (e.g., GaAs on Si). In this paper we report a new way for the bonding of epitaxial liftoff (ELO) devices onto host substrates. Three of the multilayer structures investigated in this work produce a AuSn alloy bond with approximately 84 wt.% gold, but can be bonded with a peak temperature below 280/spl deg/C. The bonded samples were investigated with several standard surface analysis techniques: Optical microscopy, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and energy dispersive X-ray analysis (EDX). We conclude that much thinner bonding layers can be attained than thus far reported. The results of our research allow us to optimize the layer structure and bonding parameters.
Active terahertz metamaterials (2011)

We present a series of novel THz metamaterials with designed active functionality, enabling dynamic tuning of the amplitude, frequency and polarization state of a THz wave.
Ammonia, 1. Introduction (2011)

Abstract The article contains sections titled: 1. Occurrence and History 2. Physical Properties 3. Chemical Properties 4. Storage and Shipping 4.1. Storage 4.1.1. Pressure Storage 4.1.2. Low‐Temperature Storage 4.1.3. Underground Storage 4.1.4. Storage of Aqueous Ammonia 4.2. Transportation 5. Quality Specifications and Analysis 6. Environmental, Safety, and Health Aspects 6.1. Environmental Aspects of Ammonia Production and Handling 6.2. Safety Features 6.3. Health Aspects and Toxicity of Ammonia 7. Uses 8. Economic Aspects 9. Future Perspectives
Mobile Data Adoption in Finland 2005-2006 (2007)

Internet and mobile telecommunications have been worldwide success stories in the recent decade. While the prospect of combining the services provided by the Internet with seamless mobile access has raised much expectations, mobile Internet or mobile data services have not yet been adopted by the masses in a large scale. Despite the obvious interest on the topic, there has not been much accurate information on the market-wide adoption dynamics of mobile data services. The adoption of mobile data in Finland during 2005-2006 was studied in this research. Data on 80-90% of Finnish mobile subscribers and terminals was collected from mobile operators' charging-orientcd reporting systems in 2005 and 2006. The obtained results show that a major renewal has taken place in the Finnish mobile terminal installed base in 2005-2006 and the total data traffic volume in mobile networks has multiplied. However, the growth does primarily not result from increase in the number of users, whereas average traffic volume per user accounts for most of the growth in traffic volumes. Thus, it seems that the existing mobile data users have acquired more capable terminals and upgraded to relatively cheaper data tariff schemes enabling higher volume data usage. In conclusion, it seems that the critical mass of users necessary for mass market mobile data service adoption has not yet been achieved in Finland.
The gut microbiota, dietary extremes and exercise (2014)

Better understanding of the proportion of children who ever receive special educational needs (SEN) provision or social care services during school years is highly relevant for healthcare as reductions in one or more of these services could impact on healthcare. Using the National Pupil Database linked to the all-of-England children looked after return and children in need census, we estimated the cumulative incidence of SEN status among (1) children ever in care during school, (2) children in need but not care, and (3) neither. We observed a very high proportion of children who were in care or need during school years had SEN provision at some point (83% and 65%, respectively), and that a high proportion of children in neither of these groups did so, too (37%). Healthcare, SEN provision and social care services focus on a similar population of children. Better integration of these services could lead to synergies and cost-efficiencies and better support for these children and their families.
Planarized patterning of Y-Ba-Cu-O thin films for multilayer technology (1995)

Planarized layers of YBa/sub 2/Cu/sub 3/O/sub 7/ (YBCO) were made by etching trenches in SrTiO/sub 3/ (STO) substrates, laser depositing a YBCO film and mechanically polishing the film down to the substrate surface. These structures exhibited critical temperatures (T/sub c/) of 88 K and a critical-current density (J/sub c/) of 10/sup 6/ A/cm/sup 2/ at 77 K. The planarized surface was smooth, with a maximum height difference between the YBCO and STO of 20 nm. The surfaces were used as templates for epitaxial growth of multilayer insulators of STO and PrBa/sub 2/Cu/sub 3/O/sub 7/ (PBCO) and top YBCO layers. Complete crossovers, free of superconducting shorts, with T/sub c/ of 86 K and critical current density (J/sub c/) of 2/spl times/10/sup 5/ A/cm/sup 2/ were made.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Folding intraocular lenses: materials and methods (1997)

The change in cataract surgery technique to ever smaller incisions requires the use of folding intraocular lenses (IOLs). Leaming1 in his annual survey of practice styles of members of the American Society of Cataract and Refractive Surgeons reports that in 1995 38% of respondents were using a 3 mm incision, with 14% using silicone and 9% acrylic IOLs, a considerable change from 1994. Polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA) remains the gold standard IOL material since first implanted by Ridley2 in 1949 with a track record of close to 50 years, and it still is the preferred material of US surgeons in 1995.1 

Which materials are in use in folding IOLs in 1997 and what methods of implantation are available? Silicone has been in use as an IOL material since the early 1980s with Food and Drugs Administration (FDA) approval obtained in 1990 for a three piece silicone lens. Silicone in IOLs is a biologically inert polymer, polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS), which cannot leach out—unlike silicone in breast implants. The earlier lenses had a refractive index of 1.41 making folding of three piece lenses over 22 D difficult. The refractive index of most three piece silicone IOLs is now 1.47 reducing optical thickness and facilitating folding. Plate haptic silicone lenses have a refractive index of 1.41 making a thicker lens which, the manufacturers suggest, fills the capsular bag reducing the incidence of posterior capsular opacification. Silicone folds easily but springs open unless delivery is controlled. It is difficult to handle when wet as it becomes slippery. Silicone IOLs should not be used in the presence of silicone oil in the vitreous cavity, or if silicone oil may be required in the future, as condensations will occur on the lens, in particular in the presence of a posterior capsulotomy.3 Silicone lenses are currently the …
Integrated services digital network controller architecture based on parallel reconfigurable processor (2004)

In This work a new SH architecture of ISDN controller is proposed. The architecture of the proposed controller is based on a parallel reconfigurable processor. A main advantages of a proposed solution are highlighted. Data link and network level protocols are implemented in software for general purpose processors. Physical and data link levels implemented as standards. Physical level utilizes typical ICs. Other data link functions are based on parallel reconfigurable processor.
Numerical modelling of the effects of air decking/decoupling in production and controlled blasting (2020)

A series of numerical simulations were performed to investigate the physical processes and effects in rock blasting with air decked/decoupled explosive charges. A newly developed continuum damage model for blasting analysis was successfully used to model the movement of detonation products in the borehole chamber with an air space. The model evaluates rock damage according to constitutive relationships and the concepts in statistical fracture mechanics, and predicts fragment size distribution considering the equilibrium between kinetic energy and fracture surface energy. It is shown that a secondary loading wave is generated due to the repeated movement of the detonation products within the borehole chamber when blasting with an air deck. As a result, the potential energy retained in the explosion gas is released and a significant part of it is transmitted into the rock burden. It is found that there exists a minimum beneficial air deck length which is determined by the balance between the energy loss from primary loading to stemming and the energy gain from secondary loading. Blasting results are modified with an air deck longer than the minimum beneficial length. The best blasting results are obtained with the longest air deck provided that the shortened stemming can confine the explosion gas in the borehole chamber. It is concluded that with the use of air decking, the volume of broken rock can be increased or the explosive usage can be reduced. The simulation results have been verified by experiments in model scale. It is also revealed that some variations to top air decking such as bottom and mid-column air decks do not benefit production blasting in the axisymmetric case of the simulation conditions. Three charging strategies, i.e., stemming decking, decoupling and air decking which are used in controlled blasting have been modelled. It is shown that air decking has the maximum damage potential to rock mass and it is recommended for both production and controlled blasting. Simulation results also suggest that the use of air decking for non-ideal explosives like ANFO is much more important than it is for some more ideal explosives like emulsion in maximizing energy utilization.
Nanostructured sulfur cathodes (2013)

Rechargeable Li/S batteries have attracted significant attention lately due to their high specific energy and low cost. They are promising candidates for applications, including portable electronics, electric vehicles and grid-level energy storage. However, poor cycle life and low power capability are major technical obstacles. Various nanostructured sulfur cathodes have been developed to address these issues, as they provide greater resistance to pulverization, faster reaction kinetics and better trapping of soluble polysulfides. In this review, recent developments on nanostructured sulfur cathodes and mechanisms behind their operation are presented and discussed. Moreover, progress on novel characterization of sulfur cathodes is also summarized, as it has deepened the understanding of sulfur cathodes and will guide further rational design of sulfur electrodes.
A Novel Yellow Fluorescent Dopant for High-Performance Organic Electroluminescent Devices (2001)

We have synthesized a novel yellow dopant (DCTP) for applications in organic light-emitting devices (OLEDs), by introducing a triphenylamine segment as a π electron donor and 4-(dicyanomethylene)-2-(tert-butyl)-4H-pyran moiety as a π electron acceptor to the molecular structure. The resultant dopant has a high fluorescent yield and a sterically well-hindered structure. Its photoluminescence in solution and electroluminescence have been studied. The DCTP-doped OLED with a structure of indium tin oxide/N,N‘-bis(3-methylphenyl)-N,N‘-diphenyl-1,1‘-biphenyl-4,4‘-diamine (TPD)/tris(8-quinolinolato)aluminum (Alq3):2 wt % DCTP/Alq3/Mg:Ag shows a bright yellow emission (chromaticity coordinates: x = 0.47; y = 0.51) and a brightness of 19 383 cd/m2 at a driving voltage of 20 V. The current efficiency of the device reaches 5.3 cd/A at a current density of 20 mA/cm2 and a voltage of 11 V.
Antagonism of the STING Pathway via Activation of the AIM2 Inflammasome by Intracellular DNA (2016)

Recent evidence has indicated that innate immune sensing of cytosolic DNA in dendritic cells via the host STING pathway is a major mechanism leading to spontaneous T cell responses against tumors. However, the impact of the other major pathway triggered by intracellular DNA, the absent in melanoma 2 (AIM2) inflammasome, on the functional output from the stimulator of IFN genes (STING) pathway is poorly understood. We found that dendritic cells and macrophages deficient in AIM2, apoptosis-associated specklike protein, or caspase-1 produced markedly higher IFN-β in response to DNA. Biochemical analyses showed enhanced generation of cyclic GMP-AMP, STING aggregation, and TANK-binding kinase 1 and IFN regulatory factor 3 phosphorylation in inflammasome-deficient cells. Induction of pyroptosis by the AIM2 inflammasome was a major component of this effect, and inhibition of caspase-1 reduced cell death, augmenting phosphorylation of TANK-binding kinase 1/IFN regulatory factor 3 and production of IFN-β. Our data suggest that in vitro activation of the AIM2 inflammasome in murine macrophages and dendritic cells leads to reduced activation of the STING pathway, in part through promoting caspase-1-dependent cell death.
Remote Display Performance for Wireless Healthcare Computing (2004)

Organizations are beginning to recognize that health care providers are highly mobile and optimal care requires providing access to a large and dynamic body of information wherever the provider and patient are. Remote display protocols (RDP) are one way that organizations are using to deliver healthcare applications to mobile users. While many organizations have begun to use RDPs to deliver real-time access to health care information to clinicians, little formal work has been done to evaluate the performance or the effectiveness of thin-client computing with health care applications. This study examines the performance of wireless thin-client tablets with two web-based clinical applications, a text-centric, graphics-poor EMR and a graphic-rich image analysis program. The study compares the performance of two popular RDP implementations, Citrix and Microsoft Remote Desktop, with the performance of a traditional web browser in a wireless environment. For both applications, the RDPs demonstrated both higher speed and reduced bandwidth requirements than the web browser.
On Fiber Diameters of Continuous Maps (2016)

We present a surprisingly short proof that for any continuous map f: ℝn → ℝ;m, if n > m, then there exists no bound on the diameter of fibers of f. Moreover, we show that when m = 1, the union of small fibers of f is bounded; when m > 1, the union of small fibers need not be bounded. Applications to data analysis are considered.
Super-Resolution Diffusive Optical Imaging (2017)

We demonstrate super-resolution diffusive optical imaging by localizing point fluorescent sources in highly scattering media. The method allows formation of higher resolution images of optical parameters in deep tissue than have previously been possible.
Preparation of a nanosilica‐modified negative‐type acrylate photoresist (2007)

Abstract A new type of negative photoresist, which incorporated nanosized silica into a photosensitive acrylic resin, was developed. First, free‐radical polymerization was employed to synthesize the acrylic resin, poly[methyl methacrylate/methacrylic acid/3‐(trimethoxysilyl) propyl methacrylate], and then a silica precursor, prepared by hydrolysis and condensation of tetraethoxysilane in a sol–gel process, was introduced into the as‐formed resin solution. After the addition of photosensitive monomers and photoinitiators, a negative‐type organic–inorganic photoresist was produced. The morphology of the UV‐cured photoresist, as observed by field emission scanning electron microscopy, indicated that the size of the silica domain in the material could be reduced from 300 to about 50 nm by appropriate dosage of 3‐(trimethoxysilyl) propyl methacrylate. Thermogravimetric analysis, dynamic mechanical analysis, differential scanning calorimetry, and thermal mechanical analysis were used to evaluate the thermal and dimensional stabilities of the cured photoresists. It was found that the thermal decomposition temperature and glass‐transition temperature increased, whereas the thermal expansion coefficients before and after the glass transition decreased, with increasing silica content. The incorporation of 3‐(trimethoxysilyl) propyl methacrylate also enhanced the thermal and dimensional stabilities; however, the level of enhancement was moderate for the thermal decomposition temperature and thermal expansion coefficient and low for the glass‐transition temperature. In addition, a photoresist coated on a copper substrate demonstrated high hardness (5H) and strong adhesion (100%) with a resolution of 30 μm. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 2008
JANUS-II: towards spontaneous Spanish speech recognition (2002)

JANUS-II is a research system for investigating various issues in speech-to-speech translations and has been implemented for translations in many languages. In this paper, we address the Spanish speech recognition part of JANUS-II. First, we report the bootstrapping and optimization of the recognition system. Then we investigate the difference between push-to-talk and cross-talk dialogs, which are two different kinds of data in our database. We give a detailed noise analysis for the push-to-talk and cross-talk dialogs and present some recognition results for comparison. We have observed that the cross-talk dialogs are harder than the push-to-talk dialogs for speech recognition, because they are more noisy than the latter. Currently, the error rate of our Spanish recognizer is 27% for the push-to-talk test set and 32% for the cross-talk test set.
Synthesis and Biological Activity of 4′-Thio-2′-deoxy Purine Nucleosides (1999)

Coupling of 1-O-acetyl-2-deoxy-3,5-di-O-toluoyl-4-thio-D-ribofuranose with 6-chloropurine and 2,6-dichloropurine gave a mixture of 9 alpha and 9 beta anomers as major products. These anomers were separated and converted to 2'-deoxy-4'-thio analogues of adenosine, inosine, guanosine, 2-amino-adenosine, and 2-chloro adenosine as well as their alpha-anomers.
CCD and vidicon x-ray detectors: Theory and practice (invited) (1989)

Because of their ability to handle the highest count rates expected at synchrotron sources, CCD and vidicon-based two-dimensional x-ray detectors are being configured into many beam lines. Although the CCD or vidicon sensing element determines the ultimate capabilities of these detectors, the practical usage of these detectors is also constrained by the specific configuration of the phosphor, intensifier, optical coupling, and readout modes which are used. Results are presented on the design of CCD and vidicon-based detectors for a variety of x-ray imaging problems. The versatility and limitations of a variety of detector configurations are discussed.
Syntheses of new racemic NG‐(1‐iminoethyl)phosphalysine derivatives as potential inhibitors of nitric oxide synthase (2000)

The efficient syntheses of three new racemic NG-(1-iminoethyl)phosphalysine derivatives are reported where the lysine carboxylate group is systematically replaced by phosphonic acid, 4, methyl phosphinic acid, 5, and phosphinic acid, 6. These compounds were evaluated as potential inhibitors of the three isoforms of human nitric oxide synthase. © 2000 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Heteroatom Chem 11:505–511, 2000
A case study in open source software security and privacy: Android adware (2012)

The goal of this paper is to analyze the behavior and intent of recent types of privacy-invasive Android adware. This paper starts with a review of Android mobile operating system security. This paper also addresses the broader issue as to the pros and cons of an open source operating system in terms of security and privacy. Static analysis of malware can provide higher quality results and lead to a better understanding. This approach is used in this paper. As Android's market share is rapidly growing around the world, Android security will be a crucial area of research for IT security professionals and their academic counterparts. The upside of the current situation is that malware is being quickly exposed, thanks to open-source software development tools.