gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
<i>Ghd7</i> ( <i>Ma</i> <sub> <i>6</i> </sub> ) Represses Sorghum Flowering in Long Days: <i>Ghd7</i> Alleles Enhance Biomass Accumulation and Grain Production (2014)

Sorghum Ma 6 , a strong repressor of flowering in long days (LDs), was identified as the CONSTANS, CO‐like, and TOC1 (CCT)‐domain protein encoded by Sb Ghd7 . Sorghum Ghd7 increases photoperiod sensitivity and delays flowering by inhibiting expression of the floral activator Sb Ehd1 and genes encoding FT. Sb Ghd7 expression is light‐dependent and gated by the circadian clock. In LDs when flowering is repressed, Sb Ghd7 mRNA abundance peaks in the morning and evening. In short days (SDs) when floral initiation occurs, the evening phase of Sb Ghd7 expression occurs in darkness, reducing Sb Ghd7 mRNA abundance. In energy sorghum hybrids, dominant alleles of Sb Ghd7 and Sb PRR37 act in additive fashion to delay floral initiation for ∼175 d until daylengths decrease below 12.3 h. In contrast, photoperiod‐insensitive grain sorghum genotypes containing recessive alleles of Sb Ghd7 and Sb PRR37 flower in 60 to 80 d. Recessive alleles of Sb Ghd7 and Sb PRR37 are present in historically important sorghum germplasm introduced into the United States in the 1800s that was used to produce early flowering grain and sweet sorghum. Recessive alleles ghd7‐1 and prr37‐1 are present in maturity standards such as SM100, and in BTx406, a genotype used in the Sorghum Conversion Program to convert late‐flowering photoperiod‐sensitive sorghum accessions into early flowering photoperiod‐insensitive germplasm useful for grain sorghum breeding. The results show that alleles of Sb Ghd7 confer differences in photoperiod sensitivity and flowering times that are critical for production of late‐flowering high‐biomass energy sorghum and early flowering grain sorghum.
A basic model for proactive event-driven computing (2012)

During the movie "Source Code" there is a shift in the plot; from (initially) reacting to a train explosion that already occurred and trying to eliminate further explosions, to (later) changing the reality to avoid the original train explosion. Whereas changing the history after events have happened is still within the science fiction domain, changing the reality to avoid events that have not happened yet is, in many cases, feasible, and may yield significant benefits. We use the term proactive behavior to designate the change of what will be reality in the future. In particular, we focus on proactive event-driven computing: the use of event-driven systems to predict future events and react to them before they occur. In this paper we start our investigation of this large area by constructing a model and end-to-end implementation of a restricted subset of basic proactive applications that is trying to eliminate a single forecasted event, selecting between a finite and relatively small set of feasible actions, known at design time, based on quantified cost functions over time. After laying out the model, we describe the extensions required of the conceptual architecture of event processing to support such applications: supporting proactive agents as part of the model, supporting the derivation of forecasted events, and supporting various aspects of uncertainty; next, we show a decision algorithm that selects among the alternatives. We demonstrate the approach by implementing an example of a basic proactive application in the area of condition based maintenance, and showing experimental results.
Activation of the Aryl Hydrocarbon Receptor by 10-Cl-BBQ Prevents Insulitis and Effector T Cell Development Independently of Foxp3+ Regulatory T Cells in Nonobese Diabetic Mice (2015)

Aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) activation by high-affinity ligands mediates immunosuppression in association with increased regulatory T cells (Tregs), making this transcription factor an attractive therapeutic target for autoimmune diseases. We recently discovered 10-chloro-7H-benzimidazo[2,1-a]benzo[de]iso-quinolin-7-one (10-Cl-BBQ), a nanomolar affinity AhR ligand with immunosuppressive activity and favorable pharmacologic properties. In this study, we tested the consequences of AhR activation in the NOD model. Oral 10-Cl-BBQ treatment prevented islet infiltration without clinical toxicity, whereas AhR-deficient NOD mice were not protected. Suppression of insulitis was associated with an increased frequency, but not total number, of Foxp3(+) Tregs in the pancreas and pancreatic lymph nodes. The requirement for Foxp3(+) cells in AhR-induced suppression of insulitis was tested using NOD.Foxp3(DTR) mice, which show extensive islet infiltration upon treatment with diphtheria toxin. AhR activation prevented the development of insulitis caused by the depletion of Foxp3(+) cells, demonstrating that Foxp3(+) cells are not required for AhR-mediated suppression and furthermore that the AhR pathway is able to compensate for the absence of Foxp3(+) Tregs, countering current dogma. Concurrently, the development of disease-associated CD4(+)Nrp1(+)Foxp3(-)RORγt(+) cells was inhibited by AhR activation. Taken together, 10-Cl-BBQ is an effective, nontoxic AhR ligand for the intervention of immune-mediated diseases that functions independently of Foxp3(+) Tregs to suppress pathogenic T cell development.
Method of measuring heat influx of a cryogenic transfer system. [Patent application] (1980)

A method is provided for measuring the heat influx of a cryogenic transfer system. A gaseous phase of the cryogen used during normal operation of the system is passed through the system. The gaseous cryogen at the inlet to the system is tempered to duplicate the normal operating temperature of the system inlet. The temperature and mass flow rate of the gaseous cryogen is measured at the outlet of the system, and the heat capacity of the cryogen is determined. The heat influx of the system is then determined from known thermodynamic relationships.
Improvement in Start Characteristics of Mercury-free Metal Halide Discharge Lamps for Automobiles. (2002)

We investigated the start characteristics (decreasing the breakdown voltage and increasing the luminous flux during run-up time) of mercury-free metal halide discharge lamps. Breakdown voltage of mercury-free metal halide discharge lamp could be reduced if the gas in the outer envelope is Xe or Xe/Ne. Adding indium iodide and supplying higher electrical power could increase luminous flux during run-up time. The run-up requirements in ECE regulation No. 99 can be achieved by supplying 90W of power to the lamp during run-up time.
Measurement of the size and refractive index of a small particle using the complex forward-scattered electromagnetic field (1991)

We have previously shown that interferometry may be used to detect the phase shift of a focused beam caused by a small particle [Appl. Phys. Lett. 55, 215 (1989)]. This is a useful method for detecting small particles in liquids and with the ability to distinguish bubbles from particles. In that measurement, however, only the phase shift, given by the real part of the forward-scattered field, was detected. By measurement of both the real and imaginary parts of the forward-scattered field, additional information is obtained so that the refractive index and size of a nominally spherical particle may be determined. This measurement is analogous to ellipsometric measurements of thin films, where knowledge of both a phase and amplitude quantity allows one to determine a thin-film refractive index and thickness. Using an optical system based on Nomarski optics, we have shown that it is possible to distinguish four classes of particulate material in liquids within the noise constraints of our system. Thus low dielectrics (e.g., SiO(2)), moderate dielectrics (e.g., Si(3)N(4)), bubbles, and metals-absorbers (e.g., Al, C) can be differentiated as well as sized more accurately.
Well‐Defined Surface Rhodium Siloxide Complexes and Their Application to Catalysis (2009)

This chapter contains sections titled: Molecular versus Immobilized Transition Metal Siloxide Complexes in Catalysis Synthesis, Characterization and Catalytic Activity of Well-Defined Surface Rhodium Siloxide Complexes Solid-State NMR Method in Catalysis by Surface Organometallics Mechanism of Hydrosilylation Catalyzed by Surface versus Soluble Rhodium Siloxide Complexes References
Clustering-Based Microcode Compression (2006)

Microcode enables programmability of (micro) architectural structures to enhance functionality and to apply patches to an existing design. As more features get added to a CPU core, the area and power costs associated with microcode increase. A recent Intel internal design targeted at low power and small footprint has estimated the costs of the microcode ROM to approach 20% of the total die area (and associated power consumption). Therefore, it is desirable to apply compression techniques to microcode. Microcode poses unique challenges for compression due to the long instruction format, the hand-coded nature of the programs and the stringent performance requirements that require fast decompression. This paper describes techniques for microcode compression that achieve .significant area and power savings, while presenting a streamlined architecture that enables high throughput within the constraints of a high performance CPU. The paper presents results for microcode compression on several commercial CPU designs which demonstrates compression ratios ranging from 50% to 62%.
2-Substituted Tryptamines:  Agents with Selectivity for 5-HT<sub>6</sub>Serotonin Receptors (2000)

Several 2-alkyl-5-methoxytryptamine analogues were designed and prepared as potential 5-HT(6) serotonin agonists. It was found that 5-HT(6) receptors accommodate small alkyl substituents at the indole 2-position and that the resulting compounds can bind with affinities comparable to that of serotonin. In particular, 2-ethyl-5-methoxy-N, N-dimethyltryptamine (8) binds with high affinity at human 5-HT(6) receptors (K(i) = 16 nM) relative to 5-HT (K(i) = 75 nM) and was a full agonist, at least as potent (8: K(act) = 3.6 nM) as serotonin (K(act) = 5.0 nM), in activating adenylate cyclase. Compound 8 displays modest affinity for several other populations of 5-HT receptors, notably h5-HT(1A) (K(i) = 170 nM), h5-HT(1D) (K(i) = 290 nM), and h5-HT(7) (K(i) = 300 nM) receptors, but is otherwise quite selective. Compound 8 represents the first and most selective 5-HT(6) agonist reported to date. Replacing the 2-ethyl substituent with a phenyl group results in a compound that retains 5-HT(6) receptor affinity (i.e., 10: K(i) = 20 nM) but lacks agonist character. 2-Substituted tryptamines, then, might allow entry to a novel class of 5-HT(6) agonists and antagonists.
Toggle Equivalence Preserving (TEP) Logic Optimization (2007)

We describe a procedure (called the TEP procedure) that, given a multi-output circuit M, builds another multi-output circuit M* that is toggle equivalent to M. The TEP procedure can be used in the following two scenarios. First, since for single- output circuits toggle equivalence means functional equivalence, the TEP procedure can be used in regular logic synthesis. Second, the TEP procedure enables a powerful synthesis method called LS_TE (Logic Synthesis preserving Toggle Equivalence). Given a circuit N and its partitioning into subcircuits Ni LS_TE builds an optimized circuit N* by replacing subcircuits Ni with their toggle equivalent counterparts Ni. The replacement of Ni with N*i is done by the TEP procedure. We give results of optimizing single-output circuits by the TEP procedure and some preliminary results of using the TEP procedure in LS_TE. These results show the promise of the TEP procedure and LS_TE.
Function and Evolution of Ubiquitin HECT Ligases (2018)

The blueprint for enzyme structure and function resides in its amino acid sequence. Within evolutionarily‐related protein superfamilies, functional specificity and speciation are argued to arise through co‐evolving subsets (sectors) of sequence positions. Herein we investigate the functional divergence and evolution of the family of H omologous to the E 6AP C arboxyl T erminus (HECT) E3 ligases. The HECT ligase superfamily is catalytically promiscuous despite sharing a common, well‐studied catalytic cycle. Ubiquitin chain length and linkage specificity varies among family members. We use an evolutionary approach to pinpoint residues that underlie concerted interactions of HECT E3 ligases. S tatistical C oupling A nalysis (SCA) is a bioinformatics predictive method that identifies residue sectors that change in tandem during evolution within a multiple sequence alignment. Our SCA results revealed a network of co‐evolving residues within the catalytic domain that are functionally and thermodynamically coupled. Furthermore, our results suggest that the HECT domain has evolved independently of the N‐terminal targeting domains. We also find that SCA uncovers potential allosteric signaling pathways for HECT ligase enzyme function. Support or Funding Information [This work was supported by the School of Graduate Studies at LSU Health Sciences Center to A.L.H. and E.D.K.] This abstract is from the Experimental Biology 2018 Meeting. There is no full text article associated with this abstract published in The FASEB Journal .
Effect of geometrical configuration on seismic behavior of GFRP-RC beam-column joints (2020)

Glass fiber-reinforced polymer (GFRP) bars have been introduced as an effective alternative for the conventional steel reinforcement in concrete structures to mitigate the costly consequences of steel corrosion. However, despite the superior performance of these composite materials in terms of corrosion, the effect of replacing steel reinforcement with GFRP on the seismic performance of concrete structures is not fully covered yet. To address some of the key parameters in the seismic behavior of GFRP-reinforced concrete (RC) structures, two full-scale beam-column joints reinforced with GFRP bars and stirrups were constructed and tested under two phases of loading, each simulating a severe ground motion. The objective was to investigate the effect of damage due to earthquakes on the service and ultimate behavior of GFRP-RC moment-resisting frames. The main parameters under investigation were geometrical configuration (interior or exterior beam-column joint) and joint shear stress. The performance of the specimens was measured in terms of lateral load-drift response, energy dissipation, mode of failure and stress distribution. Moreover, the effect of concrete damage due to earthquake loading on the performance of beamcolumn joints under service loading was investigated and a modified damage index was proposed to quantify the magnitude of damage in GFRP-RC beam-column joints under dynamic loading. Test results indicated that the geometrical configuration significantly affects the level of concrete damage and energy dissipation. Moreover, the level of residual damage in GFRP-RC beam-column joints after undergoing lateral displacements was related to reinforcement ratio of the main beams.
Confirmation of the existence of two distinct genetic groups of infectious bursal disease virus in Australia (2002)

The results confirmed previous findings that there are two groups of IBDV strains circulating in commercial broilers in Australia. The majority are classical-like strains that are antigenically and genetically similar to vaccine strains 002/73 and V877. These classical strains were prevalent in broilers in three states, NSW, Qld and WA. The second group of strains are antigenic variants that were only found in broilers in two states, Vic and SA. All Australian IBDVs characterised to date are genetically distinct and can be differentiated from all other overseas strains. This enables identification of incursion of any exotic strain into Australian poultry, be it classical, US variant or wIBDV strains.
Lightweight, High-Energy Lead/Acid Battery (1991)

Concept for lead/acid battery calls for woven-grid bipolar electrodes. Stack of bipolar cells form lead/acid battery. Each cell contains pair of folded electrodes, negative on one side of fold, positive on other. In high-voltage configuration, battery has higher specific energy and power. Rugged, longlived, and maintenance-free. Made from readily available, low-cost materials by standard lead/acid production methods, well suited for use in electronic equipment, aircraft, and electric vehicles for industrial and passenger service.
Molecular Genetic Testing in Pain and Addiction: Facts, Fiction and Clinical Utility (2015)

The Brain Reward Cascade (BRC) is an interaction of neurotransmitters and their respective genes to control the amount of dopamine released within the brain. Any variations within this pathway, whether genetic or environmental (epigenetic), may result in addictive behaviors as well as altered pain tolerance. While there are many studies claiming a genetic association with addiction and other behavioral infractions, defined as Reward Deficiency Syndrome (RDS), not all are scientifically accurate and in some case just wrong. Albeit our bias, we discuss herein the facts and fictions behind molecular genetic testing in RDS (including pain and addiction) and the significance behind the development of the Genetic Addiction Risk Score (GARSPREDX™), the first test to accurately predict one's genetic risk for RDS.
Bone Marrow Regeneration Promoted by Biophysically Sorted Osteoprogenitors From Mesenchymal Stromal Cells (2014)

Human tissue repair deficiencies can be supplemented through strategies to isolate, expand in vitro, and reimplant regenerative cells that supplant damaged cells or stimulate endogenous repair mechanisms. Bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs), a subset of which is described as mesenchymal stem cells, are leading candidates for cell-mediated bone repair and wound healing, with hundreds of ongoing clinical trials worldwide. An outstanding key challenge for successful clinical translation of MSCs is the capacity to produce large quantities of cells in vitro with uniform and relevant therapeutic properties. By leveraging biophysical traits of MSC subpopulations and label-free microfluidic cell sorting, we hypothesized and experimentally verified that MSCs of large diameter within expanded MSC cultures were osteoprogenitors that exhibited significantly greater efficacy over other MSC subpopulations in bone marrow repair. Systemic administration of osteoprogenitor MSCs significantly improved survival rates (>80%) as compared with other MSC subpopulations (0%) for preclinical murine bone marrow injury models. Osteoprogenitor MSCs also exerted potent therapeutic effects as "cell factories" that secreted high levels of regenerative factors such as interleukin-6 (IL-6), interleukin-8 (IL-8), vascular endothelial growth factor A, bone morphogenetic protein 2, epidermal growth factor, fibroblast growth factor 1, and angiopoietin-1; this resulted in increased cell proliferation, vessel formation, and reduced apoptosis in bone marrow. This MSC subpopulation mediated rescue of damaged marrow tissue via restoration of the hematopoiesis-supporting stroma, as well as subsequent hematopoiesis. Together, the capabilities described herein for label-freeisolation of regenerative osteoprogenitor MSCs can markedly improve the efficacy of MSC-based therapies.
Identification and characterization of a second melanin-concentrating hormone receptor, MCH-2R (2001)

Melanin-concentrating hormone (MCH) is a 19-aa cyclic neuropeptide originally isolated from chum salmon pituitaries. Besides its effects on the aggregation of melanophores in fish several lines of evidence suggest that in mammals MCH functions as a regulator of energy homeostasis. Recently, several groups reported the identification of an orphan G protein-coupled receptor as a receptor for MCH (MCH-1R). We hereby report the identification of a second human MCH receptor termed MCH-2R, which shares about 38% amino acid identity with MCH-1R. MCH-2R displayed high-affinity MCH binding, resulting in inositol phosphate turnover and release of intracellular calcium in mammalian cells. In contrast to MCH-1R, MCH-2R signaling is not sensitive to pertussis toxin and MCH-2R cannot reduce forskolin-stimulated cAMP production, suggesting an exclusive G(alpha)q coupling of the MCH-2R in cell-based systems. Northern blot and in situ hybridization analysis of human and monkey tissue shows that expression of MCH-2R mRNA is restricted to several regions of the brain, including the arcuate nucleus and the ventral medial hypothalamus, areas implicated in regulation of body weight. In addition, the human MCH-2R gene was mapped to the long arm of chromosome 6 at band 6q16.2-16.3, a region reported to be associated with cytogenetic abnormalities of obese patients. The characterization of a second mammalian G protein-coupled receptor for MCH potentially indicates that the control of energy homeostasis in mammals by the MCH neuropeptide system may be more complex than initially anticipated.
Ghost cancellation of analog TV signals: with applications to IDTV, EDTV, and HDTV (1991)

Techniques are presented that can cancel ghosts in received analog TV (for IDTV, EDTV, and HDTV) signals. The authors utilize the fact that there are short periods of time without the analog signal (the horizontal flyback interval between the lines) to periodically cleanse a finite impulse response (FIR) or an infinite impulse response (IIR) equalizer. This line-by-line processing (cleansing) overcomes the limitations of standard equalizers to allow adequate suppression of ghosts, even with nulls in the spectrum.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Laboratory evolution of cytochrome P450 peroxygenase activity. (2004)

The ability of the cytochrome P450 heme monooxygenases to catalyze difficult oxidation reactions, often with high specificity and selectivity, makes them attractive for numerous biotechnological applications. However they are generally limited by low turnover rates and low stability, and their minimum requirements for catalysis include a cofactor as source of electrons (NAD(P)H), partner proteins for electron transfer, and dioxygen. Some P450s are capable of supporting low levels of peroxygenase activity, in which a peroxide is utilized to drive catalysis via a ?shunt? pathway. This mechanism for substrate oxidation, although inefficient and not generally utilized in nature, simplifies P450 catalysis by eliminating the need for NAD(P)H.

Our goal was to engineer an efficient P450 peroxygenase which utilizes hydrogen peroxide (H2O2). Directed evolution is a powerful enzyme engineering methodology which mimics nature's algorithm for evolution. Enzyme libraries are generated via DNA mutagenesis or recombination techniques, and variants with improved function are isolated using an appropriate screen or selection. Using this strategy, in combination with site-directed mutagenesis, we have created P450 BM-3 heme domain variants with more than 100-fold improved H2O2-driven hydroxylation activity compared to wild-type, showing both an improved kcat as well as a lower Km for H2O2. Thermostability was also improved by directed evolution.

We have engineered a cell-free, biomimetic hydroxylase that requires only H2O2 to exploit the hydroxylating power of P450 BM-3. Peroxide-mediated inactivation as a result of heme destruction remains a major obstacle and presents an important enzyme engineering challenge. This research has broadened the potential applications of P450 biocatalysis by exploiting the versatility of heme-containing proteins.
Studies on Griseolic Acid Derivatives X. Synthesis and Phosphodiesterase Inhibitory Activity of 2-Substituted Derivatives of Griseolic Acid (1992)

Abstract Griseolic acid derivatives which were modified at the 2-and/or 6-positions were first synthesized from griseolic acid by a ring opening—reclosure reaction of the adenine ring. Among these derivatives, the 2-amino-6-deamino-6-hydroxyl (guanine) derivative showed 3.3 and 45 times stronger inhibitory activity against cAMP and cGMP PDE, respectively, than those of griseolic acid. Structure-activity relationships among these derivatives are also discussed.