gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Xenon and hypothermia combine to provide neuroprotection from neonatal asphyxia (2005)

Perinatal asphyxia can result in neuronal injury with long-term neurological and behavioral consequences. Although hypothermia may provide some modest benefit, the intervention itself can produce adverse consequences. We have investigated whether xenon, an antagonist of the N-methyl-D-aspartate subtype of the glutamate receptor, can enhance the neuroprotection provided by mild hypothermia. Cultured neurons injured by oxygen-glucose deprivation were protected by combinations of interventions of xenon and hypothermia that, when administered alone, were not efficacious. A combination of xenon and hypothermia administered 4 hours after hypoxic-ischemic injury in neonatal rats provided synergistic neuroprotection assessed by morphological criteria, by hemispheric weight, and by functional neurological studies up to 30 days after the injury. The protective mechanism of the combination, in both in vitro and in vivo models, involved an antiapoptotic action. If applied to humans, these data suggest that low (subanesthetic) concentrations of xenon in combination with mild hypothermia may provide a safe and effective therapy for perinatal asphyxia.
30 W capacitive wireless power transfer system with 5.8 pF coupling capacitance (2015)

This paper presents a new capacitive wireless power transfer (WPT) system that achieves effective power transfer even with very low values of coupling capacitance between two metal plates separated by an air-gap. A prototype of the proposed capacitive WPT system has been built and shown to transfer 30 W across two 5-cm by 5-cm metal plates separated by an air-gap of 0.5 cm. The power transfer per unit capacitance of 5.5 W/pF achieved by this system is 20 times greater than the highest value previously reported in literature.
Extraordinary Hydrogen Evolution and Oxidation Reaction Activity from Carbon Nanotubes and Graphitic Carbons (2014)

The hydrogen evolution reaction, 2H(+) + 2e(–) → H2, and its converse, the hydrogen oxidation reaction, H2 → 2H(+) + 2e(–), are central to any realization of a hydrogen economy. Various forms of carbon have been used for decades as the precious metal catalyst support in these reactions. Here we report the unexpected result that single-wall carbon nanotubes and some graphitic carbons, activated by brief exposure to electrochemical potentials that induce hydrogen evolution in intercalating acids combined with extended soak times in such acids, acquire an activity for these reactions that exceeds that of known nonprecious metal catalysts.
Gradient-based 2D-to-3D Conversion for Soccer Videos (2015)

A wide spread adoption of 3D videos and technologies is hindered by the lack of high-quality 3D content. One promising solution to address this problem is to use automated 2D-to-3D conversion. However, current conversion methods, while general, produce low-quality results with artifacts that are not acceptable to many viewers. We address this problem by showing how to construct a high-quality, domain-specific conversion method for soccer videos. We propose a novel, data-driven method that generates stereoscopic frames by transferring depth information from similar frames in a database of 3D stereoscopic videos. Creating a database of 3D stereoscopic videos with accurate depth is, however, very difficult. One of the key findings in this paper is showing that computer generated content in current sports computer games can be used to generate high-quality 3D video reference database for 2D-to-3D conversion methods. Once we retrieve similar 3D video frames, our technique transfers depth gradients to the target frame while respecting object boundaries. It then computes depth maps from the gradients, and generates the output stereoscopic video. We implement our method and validate it by conducting user-studies that evaluate depth perception and visual comfort of the converted 3D videos. We show that our method produces high-quality 3D videos that are almost indistinguishable from videos shot by stereo cameras. In addition, our method significantly outperforms the current state-of-the-art method. For example, up to 20% improvement in the perceived depth is achieved by our method, which translates to improving the mean opinion score from Good to Excellent.
Expanding the Versatility of Phage Display I: Efficient Display of Peptide-Tags on Protein VII of the Filamentous Phage (2011)

Tagging on pVII is an important and very useful add-on feature to standard pIII and pVII display. Any phagemid bearing a protein of interest on either pIII or pVIII can be tagged with any of the tags depending simply on choice of helper phage. We show in this paper how such tags may be utilized for immobilization and separation as well as purification and detection of monoclonal and polyclonal phage populations.
Development of protease activated cytokines that can be used to alter cytokine tumor microenvironments (46.20) (2012)

Abstract We are developing an immunotherapy approach in which cytokines can be preferentially activated by proteases at the site of growing tumors, thus altering the tumor microenvironment. This approach employs a novel fusion protein (FP) in which a cytokine is joined to a specific binding moiety, such as a single-chain antibody (scFv), separated by a protease cleavage site. The rationale is that before cleavage, the cytokine is largely inactive, but that after cleavage by a protease preferentially expressed at the tumor site, the cytokine becomes biologically available as the inhibitory scFv dissociates from the cytokine. To test this approach, we have isolated scFvs using phage display that bind to human IL-2, including one that can be inhibited in its binding to IL-2 by the neutralizing anti-human IL-2 antibody MQ1-17H12. This scFv has been used to construct and express a FP containing a protease cleavage site. Immunoblot analyses revealed that the FP can be cleaved in vitro and that cleavage results in increased functional activity of the IL-2. To investigate how the increase in functional activity of the IL-2 depends upon the binding characteristics of the scFv, we have created mutations that alter its affinity for IL-2, which are being evaluated for how they affect the characteristics of the FP. Since scFvs that bind to essentially any molecule can be readily isolated, this should be a general approach for increasing the biologic activity of immuomodulators at tumor sites.
External cavity diode laser with kilohertz linewidth by a monolithic folded Fabry–Perot cavity optical feedback (2010)

We present a extended-cavity diode laser (ECDL) with kilohertz linewidth by optical feedback from a monolithic folded Fabry-Perot cavity (MFC). In our experiments, an MFC replaces the retroreflecting mirror in the traditional ECDL configuration. Beat-note measurements between this MFC-ECDL and a narrow-linewidth reference laser are performed and demonstrate that the linewidth of this MFC-ECDL is about 6.8 kHz. Phase locking of this MFC-ECDL to the reference laser is achieved with a unity gain as small as 10.2 kHz.
<title>Magneto-optic Kerr effect sensors for fiber optic applications</title> (1994)

A novel sensor technique using a magnetic thin film as the sensing element and the magneto- optic Kerr effect as the optical read technique has been tested experimentally through magnetic field measurements. Sensitivity results obtained using a simple free space ellipsometry measurement system show a magnetic field sensitivity near 10<SUP>-3</SUP> Oe at low frequencies. Calculations indicate that sensitivities of order 10<SUP>-6</SUP> Oe are possible with improvements in the optical system and the magnetic film sensing element. This technique appears to be implementable in a small fiber optic-compatible device, with foreseen advantages including a very high bandwidth, good thermal stability, and the use of a single optical path.
A dc to dc converter (1984)

The object of the invention is to provide an improved converter for converting one direct current voltage to another. A plurality of phased square wave voltages are provided from a ring counter through amplifiers to a like plurality of output transformers. Each of these transformers has two windings, and S(1) winding and an S(2) winding. The S(1) windings are connected in series, then the S(2) windings are connected in series, and finally, the two sets of windings are connected in series. One of six SCRs is connected between each two series connected windings to a positive output terminal and one of diodes is connected between each set of two windings of a zero output terminal. By virtue of this configuration, a quite high average direct current voltage is obtained, which varies between full voltage and two-thirds full voltage rather than from full voltage to zero. Further, its variation, ripple frequency, is reduced to one-sixth of that present in a single phase system. Application to raising battery voltage for an ion propulsion system is mentioned.
Detection of Antibodies That Neutralize the Cellular Uptake of Enzyme Replacement Therapies with a Cell-based Assay (2018)

The administration of enzyme replacement therapies (ERTs) and other biologic therapies to patients may elicit an anti-drug immune response. The characterization of these anti-drug antibodies (ADA), especially those that may neutralize the biological activity of the drug, termed neutralizing antibodies (NAbs), is crucial in understanding the effects of these antibodies on the drug's pharmacological profile. This protocol describes a cell-based flow cytometry method to detect factors that neutralize the cellular uptake of a representative lysosomal ERT in human matrix. The protocol consists of three procedures: screening, a confirmatory step, and titer assays to detect, identify, and establish the relative level of neutralizing antibody titer in subject samples. In this method, samples are first mixed with the fluorophore-conjugated ERT product, then incubated with cells [e.g., human T lymphocytes (Jurkat cells)] that express a cell-surface cation-independent mannose 6-phosphate receptor (CI-M6PR), and finally, analyzed with a flow cytometer. A sample without NAbs will result in the uptake of the fluorophore-conjugated ERT product via CI-M6PR, whereas, the presence of NAbs will bind to the drug and interfere with the CI-M6PR binding and uptake. The amount of the fluorophore-conjugated ERT internalized by the Jurkat cells is measured by flow cytometry and evaluated as the percentage (%) signal inhibition compared to the response obtained in the presence of a representative drug-naïve matrix. In the confirmatory step, the samples are pre-incubated with ERT-conjugated magnetic beads to deplete drug-specific factors that bind to the drug (such as NAbs) prior to an incubation with cells. Samples that screen and confirm positive for drug-specific NAbs in the assay are then serially diluted to generate an antibody titer. Semi-quantitative antibody titers may be correlated with measurements of drug safety and efficacy.
Enkephalin analogs containing amino sulfonic acid and amino phosphonic acid residues at position 5 (1980)

~t~duction Enkephalins, the endogenous opioid peptides: Tyr-Gly-Gly-Phe-Met and -Leu [ 11, have been known to show much higher agonist potency in the mouse vas deferens preparation (MVD) than in the guinea-pig ileum assay system (GPI) [2-61. The high MVD/GPI potency ratio is characteristic of enkephalins and of their synthetic analogs unless the pentapeptides are terminated by an amide function. For instance, potency ratios calculated for Met-enkephalin, its D-Ala2 analog and [D-Ala2, Met']-enke-ph~~ide were 9.0,8.4 and 2.0, respectively [2]. The MVDlGPI ratio for &endorphin, the 3 l-residue opioid peptide of the pituitary, is -1.2 and for nonpeptide narcotics, e.g., normorphine and morphine even smaller [2,4-61. Accordingly, the acidic COOH group at the C-terminus is essential for the 'enkephalinoid' character of pentapeptides. Starting from this consideration we synthesized some analogs of norleucine (Nle)-enkephahn in which the terminal COOH group is replaced by SOaH and POsH, group, respectively, i.e., Me' is ~bstituted by a-amino-~nt~e-s~fonic acid (NleS) and ff-amino-pentanephosphonic acid (MeP), respectively. The dissociation constant of a sulfonic acid or a phosphonic acid is known to be higher than that of the corresponding carboxylic acid. For instance, pKL values of taurine and p&nine are 1.5 and 3.6, respectively Similarly, pKH of glycine is 2.34 while the two pKH values of amino-methane-phosphonic acid are 1. 85 and 5.35, respectively [S]. The more acidic terminal groups were expected to improve the enkephalin-like activity of the peptides. To study this question the opiate agonist potencies of the new compounds were
Purification of Oligonucleotides by High Affinity, Low Molecular Weight Displacers (2000)

High affinity, low molecular weight anionic displacers were successfully employed for the purification of antisense oligonucleotides. Several important structural characteristics were identified that contribute to the affinity of low molecular weight displacers to a hydrophilized polystyrene divinyl benzene anion exchanger. Sulfonic acid groups were found to possess higher affinity than carboxylic acid and phosphate functionalities, and nonspecific interactions (particularly hydrophobic interactions) were shown to play a major role in the retention process on this stationary phase material. Using this information, two high affinity, low molecular weight displacers were identified. These molecules are relatively inexpensive organic dyes that possess multiple sulfonic acid moieties, as well as aromatic functionalities, which increase nonspecific interactions with the stationary phase. These high affinity displacers, which can be readily detected, were then employed to displace several strongly retained antisense oligonucleotides that could not be displaced by previously established low molecular weight displacers. The displacement process resulted in very high purities of the antisense oligonucleotides. The results presented in this paper are significant in that they demonstrate that low molecular weight displacers for ion-exchange chromatography can possess equal to or greater affinities than their higher molecular weight counterparts, when nonspecific interactions with the stationary phase are exploited. In addition, the results illustrate the high resolutions possible with displacement chromatography and demonstrate an attractive technology for the process scale purification of oligonucleotides.
High Carrier Suppression Double Sideband Modulation Using an Integrated LiNbO<inf>3</inf>Optical Modulator (2005)

We proposed high carrier suppression double sideband modulation using a Mach-Zehnder optical modulator with active trimming technique. The modulator has a pair of trimmers in the arms of the Mach-Zehnder structure. The trimmers can compensate amplitude imbalance in the Mach-Zehnder structure due to fabrication error, where the imbalance generates residual carrier in double sideband suppressed carrier (DSB-SC) modulation. We demonstrated high carrier suppression ration of 50dB in DSB-SC modulation at 10.5GHz, by using an integrated Mach Zehnder LiNbO <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3</inf> modulator, where each arm has an intensity trimmer consisting of a sub Mach-Zehnder interferometer.
Gravity Drawing of Micro‐ and Nanofibers for Additive Manufacturing of Well‐Organized 3D‐Nanostructured Scaffolds (2020)

This work introduces a gravity fiber drawing (GFD) method of making single filament nanofibers from polymer solutions and precise alignment of the fibers in 3D scaffolds. This method is advantageous for nanofiber 3D alignment in contrast to other known methods. GFD provides a technology for the fabrication of freestanding filament nanofibers of well-controlled diameter, draw ratio, and 3D organization with controllable spacing and angular orientation between nanofibers. The GFD method is capable of fabricating complex 3D scaffolds combining fibers with different diameters, chemical compositions, mechanical properties, angular orientations, and multilayer structures in the same construct. The scaffold porosity can be as high as 99% to secure transport of nutrients and space for cell infiltration and differentiation in tissue engineering and 3D cell culture applications.
Steiner tree based rotary clock routing with bounded skew and capacitive load balancing (2011)

A novel rotary clock network routing method is proposed for the low-power resonant rotary clocking technology which guarantees: 1. The balanced capacitive load driven by each of the tapping points on the rotary rings, 2. Customized bounded clock skew among all the registers on chip, 3. A sub-optimally minimized total wirelength of the clock wire routes. In the proposed method, a forest of steiner trees is first created which connects the registers so as to achieve zero skew and greedily balance the total capacitance of each tree. Then, a balanced assignment of the steiner trees to the tapping points is performed to guarantee a balanced capacitive load on the rotary network. The proposed routing method is tested with the ISPD clock network contest and IBM r1-r5 benchmarks. The experimental results show that the capacitive load imbalance is very limited. The total wirelength is reduced by 64.2% compared to the best previous work known in literature through the combination of steiner tree routing and the assignment of trees to the tapping points. The average clock skew simulated using HSPICE is only 8.8ps when the bounded skew target is set to 10.0ps.
Oxidation resistance of Ru-capped EUV multilayers (2005)

Differently prepared Ru-capping layers, deposited on Mo/Si EUV multilayers, have been characterized using a suite of metrologies to establish their baseline structural, optical, and surface properties in as-deposited state. The same capping layer structures were tested for their thermal stability and oxidation resistance. Post-mortem characterization identified changes due to accelerated tests. The best performing Ru-capping layer structure was studied in detail with transmission electron microscopy to identify the grain microstructure and texture. This information is essential for modeling and performance optimization of EUVL multilayers.
Reducing power consumption in liquid-crystal displays (2006)

Power consumption in liquid-crystal displays is analyzed by including frequent polarity reversals and duty-cycle control. A multistep voltage profile is proposed to reduce the power consumption of multiplexed and nonmultiplexed displays. The authors have also shown that the reduction in the power consumption can be achieved with a minimal increase in hardware complexity of the drive electronics
Development of Interleukin-1 Receptor Antagonist Mutants with Enhanced Antagonistic Activity<i>In Vitro</i>and Improved Therapeutic Efficacy in Collagen-Induced Arthritis (2008)

Interleukin-1 receptor antagonist (IL-1Ra) is a naturally occurring inhibitor of the pro-inflammatory interleukin-1-mediated activation of the interleukin-1 receptor (IL-1R). Although wild-type IL-1Ra is used for treatment of inflammatory diseases, its effect is moderate and/or short-lived. The objective of this study was to generate IL-1Ra mutants with enhanced antagonistic activity for potential therapeutic use. Using a directed evolution approach in which libraries of IL-1Ra gene mutants were generated and screened in functional assays, mutants with desired properties were identified. Initially, diversity was introduced into the IL-1Ra using random mutagenesis. Mutations resulting in enhanced antagonistic activity were identified by screening in a reporter cell assay. To further enhance the antagonistic activity, selected mutations were recombined using the DNA recombination technology Fragment-INduced Diversity (FIND). Following three rounds of FIND recombination, several mutants with up to nine times enhanced antagonistic activity (mean IC50 +/- SEM value: 0.78 +/- 0.050 vs. 6.8 +/- 1.1 ng/ml for mutant and wild-type, respectively) were identified. Sequence analysis identified the mutations D47N, E52R and E90Y as being most important for this effect, however, the mutations P38Y, H54R, Q129L and M136N further enhanced the antagonistic function. Analysis of identified mutations in protein models based on the crystal structure of the IL-1Ra/IL-1R complex suggested that mutations found to enhance the antagonistic activity had a stabilizing effect on the IL-1Ra mutants or increased the affinity for the IL-1R. Finally, the therapeutic effect of one mutant was compared to that of wild-type IL-1Ra in collagen-induced arthritis in mice. Indeed, the enhanced antagonistic effect of the mutants observed in vitro was also seen in vivo. In conclusion, these results demonstrate that directed evolution of IL-1Ra is an effective means of generating highly potent therapeutic proteins.
Use of Human Perivascular Stem Cells for Bone Regeneration (2012)

Human perivascular stem cells (PSCs) can be isolated in sufficient numbers from multiple tissues for purposes of skeletal tissue engineering. PSCs are a FACS-sorted population of 'pericytes' (CD146+CD34-CD45-) and 'adventitial cells' (CD146-CD34+CD45-), each of which we have previously reported to have properties of mesenchymal stem cells. PSCs, like MSCs, are able to undergo osteogenic differentiation, as well as secrete pro-osteogenic cytokines. In the present protocol, we demonstrate the osteogenicity of PSCs in several animal models including a muscle pouch implantation in SCID (severe combined immunodeficient) mice, a SCID mouse calvarial defect and a femoral segmental defect (FSD) in athymic rats. The thigh muscle pouch model is used to assess ectopic bone formation. Calvarial defects are centered on the parietal bone and are standardly 4 mm in diameter (critically sized). FSDs are bicortical and are stabilized with a polyethylene bar and K-wires. The FSD described is also a critical size defect, which does not significantly heal on its own. In contrast, if stem cells or growth factors are added to the defect site, significant bone regeneration can be appreciated. The overall goal of PSC xenografting is to demonstrate the osteogenic capability of this cell type in both ectopic and orthotopic bone regeneration models.
New design of hingeless helicopter rotor improves stability (1975)

Cantilever blades are attached directly to rotor hub, thereby substantially reducing cost and complexity and increasing reliability of helicopter rotor. Combination of structural flap-lag coupling and pitch-lag coupling provides damping of 6 to 10%, depending on magnitude of coupling parameters.