gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Preparation of a Particle-Loaded Membrane for Trace Gas Sampling (2013)

A divinylbenzene (DVB) particle-loaded membrane with high extraction capacity was prepared using the bar coating method. The prepared membrane was evaluated in terms of morphology, effect of particle ratio, and membrane size on extraction efficiency, as well as linear calibration curve and limit of detection. The SEM (scanning electron microscope) images showed that the DVB particles were uniformly distributed in the PDMS base, ensuring the repeatability of the membranes. The extraction amount was quantified by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry coupled with a thermal desorption unit. Results showed that the extraction efficiency of the prepared membrane increased about 2 orders of magnitude for benzene sampling as the particle ratio increased from 0% to 30%, and the extraction amount was linearly proportional to the size of the membrane. A comparison with a pure PDMS membrane and DVB/PDMS fiber for outdoor air sampling showed that the extraction efficiency of the DVB/PDMS membrane was significantly enhanced, especially for volatile and polar compounds. The limit of detection was about 0.03 ng/mL for benzene in air, and the linear dynamic range extended to 100 ng/mL. An equilibrium calibration method was proposed for low-level air pollutant sampling using this high capacity membrane, and a displacement effect was not observed. To demonstrate the power of the technique, the developed approach was applied to monitor both spot and time weighted average (TWA) concentrations of benzene in outdoor air. A high spot concentration of benzene was observed in morning and afternoon rush hours, with TWA concentrations of 10.7 ng/L measured over the 11-h monitoring period.
ExTensor (2019)

Generalized tensor algebra is a prime candidate for acceleration via customized ASICs. Modern tensors feature a wide range of data sparsity, with the density of non-zero elements ranging from 10-6% to 50%. This paper proposes a novel approach to accelerate tensor kernels based on the principle of hierarchical elimination of computation in the presence of sparsity. This approach relies on rapidly finding intersections---situations where both operands of a multiplication are non-zero---enabling new data fetching mechanisms and avoiding memory latency overheads associated with sparse kernels implemented in software.
CXCR4 chemokine receptors (CD184) and α4β1 integrins mediate spontaneous migration of human CD34<sup>+</sup> progenitors and acute myeloid leukaemia cells beneath marrow stromal cells (pseudoemperipolesis) (2003)

Marrow stromal cells play an important role in regulating the development and proliferation of haematopoietic stem cells (HSC) within the marrow microenvironment. However, the molecular mechanisms of stem cell-stromal cell interactions are not fully understood. We observed that mobilized peripheral blood and cord-blood-derived CD34+ progenitor cells, or CD34+ acute myeloid leukaemia (AML) cells spontaneously migrated beneath marrow stromal cells, an in vitro migration phenomenon termed pseudoemperipolesis. In contrast, the CD34+ myeloid leukaemia cell line, Kasumi-1, did not display pseudoemperipolesis. Cord blood CD34+ cells had a higher capacity than granulocyte-colony-stimulating-factor-mobilized CD34+ cells for pseudoemperipolesis (28.7 +/- 12%vs 18.1 +/- 6.1% of input cells within 24 h, mean +/- SD, n = 8), whereas 9.4 +/- 12.6% (mean +/- SD, n = 10) of input AML cells displayed this phenomenon. Pseudoemperipolesis of CD34+ progenitor and AML cells was significantly inhibited by pertussis toxin and antibodies to the CXCR4 chemokine receptor (CXCR4, CD184), but not control antibodies. Moreover, CD34+ and AML cell migration was significantly inhibited by a CS1 peptide that blocks alpha4beta1 integrin binding, but not by a control peptide, in which the fibronectin binding motif was scrambled. Pseudoemperipolesis was associated with an increased proliferation of migrated CD34+ progenitor cells but not AML cells within the stromal layer, demonstrated by cell cycle analysis and cell division tracking. We conclude that alpha4beta1 integrin binding and CXCR4 chemokine receptor activation are prerequisites for the migration of CD34+ haematopoietic progenitors and AML cells beneath marrow stromal cells. These observations suggest a central role of marrow stromal cells for HSC trafficking and homing within the marrow microenvironment.
Isolation of Citral from Lemongrass Oil using Steam Distillation: Statistical Optimization by Response Surface Methodology (2015)

In this study, citral, a major component of lemongrass oil is isolated using steam distillation. The objectives of the study were to explore the effect of the selected factors, volume ratio and time on the percentage yield for the obtained distillate (citral) and to develop a statistical relationship. The experiments were designed using response surface method (RSM) with percentage yield as the response. The results were analyzed statistically and the optimum conditions are identified as: volume ratio and time were 0.053 and 98.2126 min, respectively. Under the optimum conditions the yield is 85.1416%. A confirmation experiment under the optimum conditions showed a yield of 83.8%. This was only within experimental error range of < 5% from the predicted value. From our study, we found that specific gravity, density, flash point and refractive index of the product are 0.8904, 0.89031 g/cm3, 91oC and 1.488, respectively, which were resembling the characteristics of standard citral.
CVD of Alumina on Carbon and Silicon Carbide Microfiber Substrates for Microelectrode Development (2002)

Using a vacuum CVD technique, alumina films were deposited on 10 μm diameter carbon fibers, and 120 μm diameter silicon carbide fibers. This was accomplished by exposing resistively heated microfiber substrates to a sublimate of [Al(O-tBu)3]2, while the reaction chamber was maintained at 120 °C under a pressure of 0.15 torr. The coated substrates were then sealed into glass capillaries, using an epoxy sealant, to form microelectrode devices. The quality of the alumina films was found to be dependent on the substrate temperature, with optimum film quality being obtained at substrate temperatures between 750 °C and 800 °C. Film thickness was controlled by deposition time, and films from 1–100 μm were routinely produced. Films were characterized by microscopy and electrochemical techniques.
Interpositus lesion abolition of the eyeblink conditioned response is not due to effects on performance. (1993)

Classical conditioning of the rabbit eyeblink response was used to study the effects of cerebellar lesions on performance in animals trained with low-intensity unconditioned stimuli (US). Animals were trained with 1 of 2 low-intensity corneal-airpuff USs paired with a tone-conditioned stimulus. This study confirms earlier findings demonstrating the differential effects of lesions of deep cerebellar nuclei on the conditioned (CR) and unconditioned responses (UR). Lesions of the anterior interpositus nucleus of the cerebellum in animals that were successfully conditioned abolished CRs without affecting UR performance.
HS-1371, a novel kinase inhibitor of RIP3-mediated necroptosis (2018)

Necroptosis is a type of programmed cell death that usually occurs under apoptosis-deficient conditions. Receptor-interacting protein kinase-3 (RIP3, or RIPK3) is a central player in necroptosis, and its kinase activity is essential for downstream necroptotic signaling events. Since RIP3 kinase activity has been associated with various diseases, the development of specific RIP3 inhibitors is an attractive strategy for therapeutic application. In this study, we identified a potent RIP3 inhibitor, HS-1371, by the extensive screening of chemical libraries focused on kinases. HS-1371 directly binds to RIP3 in an ATP-competitive and time-independent manner, providing a mechanism of action. Moreover, the compound inhibited TNF-induced necroptosis but did not inhibit TNF-induced apoptosis, indicating that this novel inhibitor has a specific inhibitory effect on RIP3-mediated necroptosis via the suppression of RIP3 kinase activity. Our results suggest that HS-1371 could serve as a potential preventive or therapeutic agent for diseases involving RIP3 hyperactivation.
Macromol. Chem. Phys. 1/2013 (2013)

Front Cover: Cellulose gratings are responsible for iridescence: shear, transparent, free-standing cellulosic films prepared from liquid-crystalline solutions can develop iridescence arising from the modulation of the film surface, similar to that found in the petals of the “Queen of the Night” tulip variety. Further details can be found in the article by S. N. Fernandes, Y. Geng, S. Vignolini, B. J. Glover, A. C. Trindade, J. P. Canejo, P. L. Almeida, P. Brogueira, and M. H. Godinho* on page 25.
Reduction of intratumoral pH by the mitochondrial inhibitor m-iodobenzylguanidine and moderate hyperglycemia. (1994)

The interstitial pH of RIF-1 tumors was selectively lowered by i.p. administration of the mitochondrial inhibitor meta-iodobenzylguanidine (MIBG; 40-100 mg/kg), supported by sustained moderate hyperglycemia (plasma glucose concentration, 14 mM) in rats or by a single i.p. bolus injection of glucose (1.5 g/kg) in mice. Responses were evaluated in a multicenter study by pH measurements with semimicroelectrodes and 31P magnetic resonance spectroscopy, by biochemical analysis of tissue and plasma levels of glucose and lactate, and by positron emission tomography analysis of 2-[18F]fluoro-2-deoxy-D-glucose uptake. In both schedules, treatment with MIBG and glucose reduced the mean intratumoral pH as recorded with semimicroelectrodes to 6.2. In the mouse model, treatment with MIBG plus glucose was accompanied by a 2-3-fold stimulation of 2-[18F]fluoro-2-deoxy-D-glucose uptake and a corresponding increase in tumor glucose content. Responses were maximal in male mice with tumors of 0.2-0.8 g. 31P magnetic resonance spectroscopy analysis revealed no changes in intracellular pH or metabolic status, indicating that only extracellular pH was affected. MIBG was synergistic with bolus or continuous glucose administrations by a dual mechanism. The drug reduced by up to 5-fold the amount of glucose required for effective reduction of intratumoral pH and promoted the availability of (extra) glucose to tumor tissue in a stress-related, sympathomimetic response. Moreover, by converting oxic tumor cells into functionally hypoxic cells, combined treatment resulted in a more homogeneous decrease in intratumoral pH which included better perfused peripheral tumor areas. The effects of combined treatment on tumor glucose metabolism could be monitored noninvasively by 2-[18F]fluoro-2-deoxy-D-glucose positron emission tomography analysis.
Image hashing (2000)

We present new algorithms for hashing, or one-way image compression, and comparison of bitmapped images. Our methods are based on random multiscale subdivision of images into regions, randomized rounding of intensity averages in those regions, and robust compression of the resulting vectors by error correction. As hashes useful for robust identification and comparison of images, the compressed vectors can replace watermarks. Our schemes work with images subjected to common distortions, including scanning, resizing, and resampling. Additionally, image hashes withstand anti-watermark transformations performed by software such as StirMark and unZign.
A coherent low IF receiver architecture for Doppler radar motion detector used in life signs monitoring (2010)

Continuous Wave Doppler radar has been used in human life signs monitoring from a distance. Such systems are basically motion detectors that rely on phase modulation of the radar's reflected signal due to physiological motion which is of a low frequency nature and has significant signal content close to DC. Homodyne receiver architecture is simple, but has its own limitations including DC offset and contribution of low frequency noise from mixers and baseband amplifiers. A coherent low IF architecture has been proposed for this case to improve the performance. It will be shown that SNR is improved using a simple coherent low IF configuration. This is the first reported coherent low IF transceiver architecture for Doppler radar motion sensing.
Hypocholesterolemic Effect of <i>Lactococcus lactis</i> subsp. <i>lactis</i> biovar <i>diacetylactis</i> N7 and <i>Lactococcus lactis</i> subsp. <i>lactis</i> 527 Strains in SD Rats (2005)

The effect of Lactococcus lactis subsp. lactis biovar diacetylactis N7 (LACC-N7) and Lactococcus lactis subsp. lactis 527 (LACC-527) strains isolated from dairy products on serum cholesterol levels in the SD rats were investigated. The administration of LACC-N7 significantly decreased total serum cholesterol (p<0.001) and triglycerides (p<0.05) and increased HDL-cholesterol ratio to total cholesterol (p<0.05) at 6 weeks post-administration. LACC-527 had an effect on total serum cholesterol (p<0.05) and HDL-cholesterol ratio to total cholesterol (p<0.05) at 6 weeks and triglycerides (p<0.01) at 4 weeks post-administration. Enterococcus faecium (ENT-1) also significantly decreased total serum cholesterol (p<0.001), and increased the HDL-cholesterol ratio to total cholesterol (p<0.05). These results suggest that LACC-N7 and LACC-527 would be effective as probiotics for the prevention of hypercholesterolemia and fatty liver.
Density gradient centrifugation of colonic fluid after segmental lavage: a method of purification of exfoliative epithelial colonic cells for cytological interpretation and image cytometry in patients with long-standing ulcerative colitis (1999)

Isolation and purification of epithelial cells after segmental colonic lavage by using density gradient centrifugation was performed. This cytological material is adequate for cytopathological interpretation and for DNA image cytometry. Information about atypical cells and DNA aneuploidy as an additional marker of malignant transformation in UC patients was obtained. The combination of cytological examination and DNA image cytometry might improve the detection of UC patients with high risk for colorectal cancer.
Whole blood flow cytometric measurement of NFATc1 and IL‐2 expression to analyze cyclosporine A‐mediated effects in T cells (2010)

The calcineurin inhibitor Cyclosporine A (CsA) is one of the crucial immunosuppressive drugs given after organ transplantation. The small therapeutic window of CsA generates the dilemma that efficient and toxic drug doses differ only slightly. Moreover, these threshold concentrations differ considerably between individuals; therefore, functional assays are urgently needed. We explored whether the transcription factor NFATc1, a direct as well as indirect target of CsA, can be used as a potential biomarker to determine the individual immunosuppressive activity of CsA. First, in isolated human T cells we showed that flow cytometry is practicable to measure NFATc1, the most abundant NFATc isoform in activated T cells. Second, for whole blood we developed a flow cytometric assay to determine in parallel the inducible transcription factor NFATc1 and the cytokine IL-2 in stimulated T cells. We found that added CsA inhibits both the expression of NFATc1 and IL-2 in T cells of stimulated whole blood samples with IC(50) values of 200 and 150 nM, respectively. The intra- and inter-assay variability was low, and clinical practicability was good. Further experiments have to demonstrate whether the parallel cytometric measurement of NFATc1 and IL-2 in whole blood is a good predictor of individual CsA efficacy and toxicity in CsA-treated patients.
Phylogenetic evidence of widespread distribution of genotype 3 JC virus in Africa and identification of a type 7 isolate in an African AIDS patient (2004)

JC virus (JCV) is the cause of progressive multifocal leukoencephalophathy (PML) in immunocompromised patients. The paucity of reports from Africa has led to the hypothesis that PML is rare because of an absence of virus genotypes associated with the condition. Genotypes 3 and 6 have been identified in East and West Africa but the distribution of types across the rest of Africa is unknown. Full-length sequences of five JCV cerebrospinal fluid samples from PML patients in South Africa are reported here. Three isolates from African AIDS patients grouped with type 3A or 3B, and one with type 7, while one from a Caucasian leukaemia patient grouped with type 2D. Widespread distribution of type 3 on the continent may reflect migration patterns in antiquity, but this is the first report of type 7 in an African individual. Type 2D has only been isolated previously in South Asia, although transmission of this genotype to Europeans who later settled in South Africa is not unlikely.
Digital twin for adaptation of robots’ behavior in flexible robotic assembly lines (2019)

Product personalization is the global trend driving the development of modern production systems. This in turn creates the need to deploy flexible and reconfigurable assembly systems. New type of factories exploiting the capabilities of multiple resources such as human operators and mobile and / or stationary robot assistants are emerging. This paper investigates the use of digital world modelling techniques in such hybrid production systems for enabling system reconfiguration through shared environment and process perception. The suggested digital world model infrastructure involves three main functionalities: a) Virtual representation of the shopfloor, combining multiple sensor data and CAD models. The digital shopfloor is rendered in the 3D environment exploiting the capabilities provided by Robot Operating System (ROS) framework, b) Semantic representation of the world through the implementation of a unified data model for representing the geometrical as well as the workload state, and c) Dynamic update of the digital twin based on real time sensor and resource data coming from the actual shopfloor. The communication and integration layer among the physical and the virtual agents is realized on top of the ROS framework. The developed infrastructure is applied to an industrial case study from the automotive industry focusing on a car’s front axle assembly. Nevertheless, it is designed to be generic enough to be able to address multiple cases.
Molecular structure, dynamic expression, and promoter analysis of zebrafish (Danio rerio)myf-5 gene (2000)

Summary: We isolated a 1,438 bp cDNA fragment that encoded Myf-5 myogenic factor of zebrafish. The deduced amino acid contained 237 residues, including the basic helix-loop-helix domain that is conserved in all known Myf-5. The zebrafish myf-5 transcripts were first detectable at 7.5 hpf, increased substantially until 16 hpf, and then declined gradually to an undetectable level by 26 hpf. During somitogenesis, zebrafish myf-5 transcripts were distributed mainly in the somites and segmental plates. Prominent signals occurred transiently in adaxial cells in two parallel rows but did not extend beyond the positive-signal somites. Various lengths of upstream region of zebrafish myf-5 fused with EGFP gene were used to carry out transgenic analysis. Results showed that a small, 82 bp (nucleotide positions from -82 to -1), regulatory cassette is sufficient to control the somite- and stage-specific expression of zebrafish myf-5 during early development. genesis 29:22–35, 2001. © 2001 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Free-space measurement of complex permittivity and complex permeability of magnetic materials at microwave frequencies (1990)

A free-space measurement system operating in the 8.2-40-GHz frequency range is used to measure the reflection and transmission coefficients, S/sub 11/ and S/sub 21/, of planar samples. The complex electric permittivity and the magnetic permeability are calculated from the measured values of S/sub 11/ and S/sub 21/. The measurement system consists of transmit and receive horn lens antennas, a network analyzer, mode transitions, and a computer. Diffraction effects at the edges of the sample are minimized by using spot-focusing lens antennas. Errors due to multiple reflections between antennas via the surface of the sample are corrected by using a free-space TRL (thru, reflect, line) calibration technique. For thin, flexible samples, the sample had to be sandwiched between two half-wavelength (at mid-band) quartz plates to eliminate sagging. Results are reported in the frequency range of 8.6-13.4 GHz for materials such as Teflon, sodium borosilicate glass, and microwave-absorbing materials.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Biology and Fertility Life Table of the Green Aphid<i>Chaetosiphon Fragaefolli</i>on Strawberry Cultivars (2012)

Our objective was to study the biology and develop a fertility life table for the aphid Chaetosiphon fragaefolli (Cockerell) (Hemiptera: Aphididae) on leaves of strawberry, Fragaria × ananassa, Duchesne ex Rozier (Rosales: Rosaceae), of the cultivars Albion, Aromas, Camarosa, Camino Real, Diamante, Earlibrite, and Saborosa. This study was conducted under controlled conditions: 25 ± 1 (°)C, 70 ± 10% RH, and 12:12 L:D . Arenas were set up consisting of leaves inside Petri dishes containing 3% agar. Female aphids obtained after the last nymphal ecdysis were individually placed in arenas for 24 hours. The following biological parameters were evaluated: duration and survival of the nymph stage and of the life cycle (nymph-nymph), daily and total fecundity, and adult longevity. The aphids completed their biological cycle on all of the cultivars. The shortest durations (in days) of the nymphal stage were on the cultivars Camino Real and Camarosa (8.67 and 8.74 days, respectively), and the longest was on Aromas (11.12 days). The lowest survival was on cultivar Aromas (51%) and the highest on Saborosa (96%). When the time to development to the adult stage was compared, the aphids developed fastest (14.63 days) and survival was highest (96%) on cultivar Saborosa. Aphids reared on cultivar Aromas leaves had the longest pre-reproductive period (8.74 days), the greatest longevity (26.88 days), and the longest duration of the life cycle (19.76 days). Based on the fertility life table, cultivars Camarosa and Saborosa were the most favorable for development of C. fragaefolli, while Albion and Aromas were the most inadequate for aphid development.
Spiro <i>β</i>-Lactams as <i>β</i>-Turn Mimetics. Design, Synthesis, and NMR Conformational Analysis (2001)

Molecular modeling calculations using high-level ab initio methods (MP2/6-31+G) of a new type of spiro beta-lactams predict that these systems could adopt a beta-turn secondary structure in solution. Strong intramolecular hydrogen bonds stabilize the beta-turn conformation with a geometry that is very close to the ideal type II beta-turns. The synthesis of the spiro beta-lactams is achieved by Staudinger reaction of a cyclic ketene derived from N-bencyloxycarbonyl-L-proline acid chloride with an imine. This reaction allows the formation of the spiranic backbone in a single-step with high diastereoselectivity and good yields. The new spiro beta-lactams obtained are the core for the preparation of different types of peptidomimetics using well-established peptide chemistry. The NMR conformational analysis shows that these compounds adopt beta-turn conformation as predicted by the theoretical studies.
Remote Sensing Image Analysis via a Texture Classification Neural Network (1992)

In this work we apply a texture classification network to remote sensing image analysis. The goal is to extract the characteristics of the area depicted in the input image, thus achieving a segmented map of the region. We have\nrecently proposed a combined neural network and rule-based framework for texture recognition. The framework uses unsupervised and supervised learning, and provides probability estimates for the output classes. We\ndescribe the texture classification network and extend it to demonstrate its application to the Landsat and Aerial image analysis domain.