gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
WDM multi-channel silicon photonic receiver with 320 Gbps data transmission capability (2010)

A high performance monolithically integrated WDM receiver is fabricated on the SOI platform, with key components comprising a 1 x 32 Si-based AWG and an array of high speed waveguided Ge-on-Si photodetectors. The optical channel spacing is 200 GHz. This configuration was used to demonstrate 32-channel operation in the L-band, where it is particularly challenging for silicon photonics due to the low absorption coefficient of Ge at L-band wavelengths. Each channel is capable of operating at a data rate of at least 10 Gbps, resulting in an aggregate data rate of 320 Gbps. At a BER of 1 x 10(-11), the WDM receiver showed an optical input sensitivity between -16 dBm and -19 dBm.
Biomimetic self-slippery and transferable transparent lubricant-infused functional surfaces (2018)

Self-slippery liquid-infused porous surfaces (SLIPSs) have been presented owing to their enormous number of potential applications and have widely attracted the attention of researchers in recent years. In comparison with superhydrophobic surfaces, SLIPSs not only exhibit interfacial performance that corresponds to superhydrophobicity but also do not require the construction of a complicated and delicate morphology. Here, a facile strategy has been proposed for constructing silica SLIPSs. Three common lubricants (perfluoropolyethers, liquid paraffin and ethyl oleate) were employed in this study. Using a facile brush process, the surface can be coated on a substrate, and, after infusion of the lubricant, the transformation from superhydrophobicity to self-slippage properties can be achieved. In addition, changing the kind of lubricant and adjusting the amount of nanoscale hybrid silica particles in the coating solution can modulate the surface transparency and interfacial characteristics, which makes the surface meet the various requirements of different service conditions. This transferable performance endows the surface with the possibility of meeting the various requirements of different conditions and demonstrates the enormous value of the application of the coatings in many fields.
Metalorganic chemical vapor deposition and characterization of (Al,Si)O dielectrics for GaN-based devices (2016)

Abstract In this paper, we report on the growth and electrical characterization of (Al,Si)O dielectrics grown by metalorganic chemical vapor deposition (MOCVD) using trimethylaluminum, oxygen, and silane as precursors. The growth rates, refractive indices, and composition of (Al,Si)O films grown on Si(001) were determined from ellipsometry and XPS measurements. Crystallinity and electrical properties of (Al,Si)O films grown in situ on c -plane GaN were characterized using grazing incidence X-ray diffraction and capacitance–voltage with current–voltage measurements, respectively. Si concentration in the films was found to be tunable by varying the trimethylaluminum and/or oxygen precursor flows. The Si incorporation suppressed the formation of crystalline domains, leading to amorphous films that resulted in reduced interfacial trap density, low gate leakage and ultra-low hysteresis in (Al,Si)O/n-GaN MOS-capacitors.
논증 스캐폴드를 활용한 문제기반학습이 의대생의 성찰수준에 미치는 효과 (2018)

성찰적 실천가를 양성하는 것이 의과대학 핵심교육목표 중의 하나로 간주되면서 성찰적 사고를 촉진하기 위한 교수전략이 꾸준히 주목받고 있다. 이에 본 연구는 의대생의 성찰적 사고를 촉진시키기 위한 교수전략으로 논증 스캐폴드를 활용한 문제기반학습을 활용하여, 논증 스캐폴드를 활용한 문제기반학습 전후로 의대생의 성찰적 사고수준에 차이가 있는지를 살펴보았다. 또한 논증 스캐폴드를 활용한 문제기반학습을 보다 더 많이 경험한 4학년과 3학년의 성찰수준에 차이가 있는지도 살펴보았다. 논증 증진방안으로는 Toulmin의 논증모델(Toulmin et al., 1984)과 논증과정에 대한 시각화를 위한 개념도, 이 두 가지를 모두 활용한 논증 스캐폴드를 활용하였다. 본 연구에는 의과대학 3, 4학년 학습자 각각 49명이 참여하였고 학습자들의 성찰수준 측정에는 Mezirow(1997)의 성찰모델을 기반으로 Kember와 동료들(2000)이 개발한 4 수준의 성찰적 사고모델을 활용하였다. 연구결과에 의하면 논증 스캐폴드를 활용한 문제기반 학습이 의대생들의 성찰적 사고를 촉진하는 것으로 드러났다. 또한 논증 스캐폴드를 기반으로 하는 문제기반학습을 더 많이 경험한 것이 학습자들의 성찰적 사고에 긍정적인 영향을 주지만 그 효과는 크지 않은 것으로 드러났다. 따라서 논증 스캐폴드를 활용한 문제기반학습은 성찰적 사고를 촉진하기 위한 효과적인 교수전략으로 활용할 수 있을 것으로 판단된다.
[Endo-alpha-1-4-polygalactosaminidases and their homologues: structure and evolution]. (2011)

Endo-alpha-1,4-polygalactosaminidase is a rare enzyme. Its catalytic domain belongs to the GH114 family of glycoside hydrolases. Phylogenetic analysis of the family proteins allowed us to show an important role of duplications, eliminations, and horizontal transfer in the evolution of their genes. Domain structure, the secondary structure, and proposed structure of the active center of the endo-alpha-1,4-polygalactosaminidases are discussed. Evolutionary connections of the GH114 family with GH13, GH18, GH20, GH27, GH29, GH31, GH35, GH36, and GH66 families of glycoside hydrolases, as well as, with COG1306, COG1649, COG2342, GHL3, and GHL4 families of enzymatically uncharacterized proteins have been revealed by iterative screening of the protein database. The unclassified homologues have been grouped into 13 new families of hypothetical glycoside hydrolases: GHL5 - GHL15, GH36J, and GH36K.
RCS reduction of canonical targets using genetic algorithm synthesized RAM (2000)

Radar cross section (RCS) reduction of canonical (planar, cylindrical, and spherical) conducting targets is the focus of this paper. In particular, a novel procedure is presented for synthesizing radar absorbing materials (RAM) for RCS reduction in a wide-band frequency range. The modal solutions of Maxwell's equations for the multilayered planar, cylindrical, and spherical canonical structures is integrated into a genetic algorithm (GA) optimization technique to obtain the best optimal composite coating. It Is shown that by using an optimal RAM, the RCS of these canonical structures can be significantly reduced. Characteristics of bistatic RCS of coated cylindrical and spherical structures are also studied and compared with the conducting structures without coating. It is shown that no optimal coating can be found to reduce the RCS in the deep shadow region. An in-depth study has been performed to evaluate the potential usage of the optimal planar coating as applied to the curved surfaces. It is observed that the optimal planar coating can noticeably reduce the RCS of the spherical structure. This observation was essential in introducing a novel efficient GA with hybrid planar/curved surface implementation using as part of its initial generation the best population obtained for the planar RAM design. These results suggest that the optimal RAM for a surface with arbitrary curvature may be efficiently determined by applying the GA with hybrid planar/curved surface population initialization.
Autonomous Motion of Metallic Microrods Propelled by Ultrasound (2012)

Autonomously moving micro-objects, or micromotors, have attracted the attention of the scientific community over the past decade, but the incompatibility of phoretic motors with solutions of high ionic strength and the use of toxic fuels have limited their applications in biologically relevant media. In this letter we demonstrate that ultrasonic standing waves in the MHz frequency range can levitate, propel, rotate, align, and assemble metallic microrods (2 μm long and 330 nm diameter) in water as well as in solutions of high ionic strength. Metallic rods levitated to the midpoint plane of a cylindrical cell when the ultrasonic frequency was tuned to create a vertical standing wave. Fast axial motion of metallic microrods at ~200 μm/s was observed at the resonant frequency using continuous or pulsed ultrasound. Segmented metal rods (AuRu or AuPt) were propelled unidirectionally with one end (Ru or Pt, respectively) consistently forward. A self-acoustophoresis mechanism based on the shape asymmetry of the metallic rods is proposed to explain this axial propulsion. Metallic rods also aligned and self-assembled into long spinning chains, which in the case of bimetallic rods had a head-to-tail alternating structure. These chains formed ring or streak patterns in the levitation plane. The diameter or distance between streaks was roughly half the wavelength of the ultrasonic excitation. The ultrasonically driven movement of metallic rods was insensitive to the addition of salt to the solution, opening the possibility of driving and controlling metallic micromotors in biologically relevant media using ultrasound.
Nationalism and Social Identity: Who owns the interest of Scotland? (1997)

The anthropological study of one's 'own' society, or one with which you have some familiarity, requires you to resist taking for granted anything which, as a competent social member, you think you may already understand. Of course you then run the risk of mystifying the familiar. But the dividend may be that you also re-discover and reveal the richness of ordinary social practice the significance of which may have become understated, precisely because of its very familiarity. I am going to deal with a subject which will be more than familiar to most readers of Scottish Affairs, and will hope to suggest the importance of continuing to think about it: the meaning to individuals of their Scottishness. Along the way, I will touch on an event, the Burns Supper, which people seem to find either fabulously exotic or mindnuinbingly tedious witness Ian Hamilton's vituperative outburst in The Scotsman last July.
Coherent optical component technologies for WDM transmission systems (2010)

We review our recent progress toward 100 Gbps and beyond, focusing on integrated optical devices. Topics include our recently developed integrated optical front-ends for 100 Gbps PDM-QPSK based on multi-channel micro collimator optics and hermetically sealed O/E converters, and PLC-LiNbO3 hybrid optical modulators for 100 Gbps PDM-QPSK. We also describe our recent work on exceeding 100 Gbps, including 64 QAM modulators, modulation-level-selectable modulators, and high-speed digital-analog converter ICs for future multi-level transmissions.
Multifaceted toponym recognition for streaming news (2011)

News sources on the Web generate constant streams of information, describing many aspects of the events that shape our world. In particular, geography plays a key role in the news, and enabling geographic retrieval of news articles involves recognizing the textual references to geographic locations (called toponyms) present in the articles, which can be difficult due to ambiguity in natural language. Toponym recognition in news is often accomplished with algorithms designed and tested around small corpora of news articles, but these static collections do not reflect the streaming nature of online news, as evidenced by poor performance in tests. In contrast, a method for toponym recognition is presented that is tuned for streaming news by leveraging a wide variety of recognition components, both rule-based and statistical. An evaluation of this method shows that it outperforms two prominent toponym recognition systems when tested on large datasets of streaming news, indicating its suitability for this domain.
Deep-Space Optical Communications Downlink Budget from Mars: System Parameters (2003)

This article describes the elements of a design control table for an optical communications link from a spacecraft in Mars orbit to a ground-based receiving station on Earth. A fixed average laser transmitter power of 5 W transmitted through a 30-cmdiameter near-diffraction-limited telescope is assumed, along with a 10-m-diameter ground receiving antenna. Pulse-position modulation of the laser with direct detection also is assumed. An end-to-end systems analysis is presented to provide the expected signal and background-noise photons as a function of the Earth–Mars range. The signal and noise photons received are treated using an ideal Poisson channel model in order to predict data rates when Mars is close to conjunction. The data rates range from 5 to 40 Mb/s with a large part of the uncertainty owing its origin to variability of the atmosphere. The article also concludes that further work is required in order to narrow the rather wide range of preliminary data rates presented.
Overexpression of CD26/DPPIV in mesothelioma tissue and mesothelioma cell lines (2011)

Mesothelioma, a highly aggressive cancer with poor prognosis and refractory to currently available therapies show increasing trends of its incidence in Japan and other developing countries. Although surgery is a gold standard for patients with early mesothelioma, most patients with advanced disease are not suitable for surgical resection and have option of palliative chemotherapy alone. One of the new treatment strategies for mesothelioma, the humanized anti-CD26 monoclonal antibody therapy is under development. CD26, a 110-kDa transmembrane glycoprotein with known dipeptidyl peptidase IV activity, plays a role in tumor development and its expression was reported in various human malignancies. This study determined the preliminary selection criteria for humanized monoclonal anti-CD26 antibody therapy. Eighty-one epithelioid (49 differentiated and 32 less differentiated), 34 sarcomatoid, 19 biphasic mesothelioma and 8 mesothelioma cell lines were immunohistochemically examined using 8 different commercially available anti-CD26 antibodies for membranous and cytoplasmic expression. The cytoplasmic expression of CD26 was observed in all histological types of mesothelioma, while the membranous expression of CD26 was found in 88% of differentiated and 69% of less differentiated epithelioid mesothelioma, and none of sarcomatoid mesothelioma with anti-CD26 antibodies with rabbit polyclonal anti-DPP4 antibody and similar results were also obtained with goat polyclonal anti-DPP4/CD26 antibody. These antibodies absorbed with soluble human CD26 proteins do not show CD26 expression in mesothelioma tissue, suggesting these two antibodies localize true CD26 protein. Seven mesothelioma cell lines, including sarcomatoid types, also showed membranous expression of CD26 in cellblock preparation. CD26 vector transfection to CD26-negative MSTO-211H cells showed membranous expression of CD26 by flow cytometry, but not in tumor developed in NOD/SCID mice with inoculation of CD26 vector transfected MSTO-211H cells. We found that both rabbit and goat polyclonal antibodies are suitable for immunohistochemical evaluation of membranous expression of CD26 in mesothelioma.
Small Traveling Salesman Problems (2017)

This paper illustrates fundamental principles about small traveling salesman problems (TSPs) which are a current application for quantum annealing computers. The 2048 qubit, quantum annealing computer manufactured by D-Wave Systems is estimated to be able to solve all TSPs on 8 cities, which advances a recent 4-city result on a quantum simulator. Additionally, the D-Wave quantum computer is expected to find all optimal tours for each TSP. To prepare for this, we show the expected quantum output for 5,000 randomly generated TSPs on 6, 8 and 10 cities. The examples in the TSPLIB have 14 or more cities. These are too large for the current quantum annealing processors. We have included an annotated bibliography about solving the TSP on a quantum computer.
Amplification in the 1300 nm telecommunications window in a Nd-doped fluoride fibre (1990)

Gain values of 4 to 5 dB were observed between 1310 and 1370 nm in a Nd-doped bimoded ZBLANP fibre pumped at the diode laser compatible wavelength of 795 nm. The magnitude of the gain was shown to be limited by saturation due to amplified spontaneous emission from 1050 nm radiation. The excited state absorption spectrum was mapped.
26.1: <i>Invited Paper</i> : Quantum Photonic Imager (QPI): A Novel Display Technology that Enables more than 3D Applications (2015)

QPI is a new generation of spatial light modulator (SLM) that combines light source and light modulation at the pixel level, thus eliminating the waste in most existing SLMs where light is separately generated and modulated. This paper explains the QPI architecture and its 3D application and beyond.
A novel Iris segmentation method based on balloon active contour (2010)

Image segmentation is a tool which is widely used in many applications related to image processing, and it comprises one of the most difficult steps of the process. This matter becomes more significant when we try to use the algorithms presented in complicated systems, such as the identity recognition systems. Different methods of image segmentation have been presented so far. In this article, a two-step algorithm has been proposed for iris segmentation. In the first step, a median filter has been applied to eliminate the noise, and in the next step, the modified active contour has been used for iris segmentation. The proposed algorithm was tested on the CASIA image data base and the obtained results showed that the proposed method has an acceptable accuracy.
A Convenient Way for the Conversion of Carboxylic Esters into 2-Substituted Allyl Halides (2005)

The preparation of functionalized 2-substituted allyl bromides and chlorides from carboxylic esters is reported. The carboxylic esters were transformed first to 1-substituted cyclopropanols by treating with ethylmagnesium bromide in the presence of titanium alkoxide. Mesylation of the cyclopropanols followed by halide displacement of the sulfonate group to halogen, accompanied by cyclopropyl-allyl rearrangement, affords the required allyl bromides and chlorides.
Nurse practitioners in postoperative cardiac surgery: are they effective? (2012)

Although challenges in recruitment yielded a lower than anticipated sample size, this study contributes to our knowledge of the ACNP role in postoperative cardiac surgery. Our findings provide support for the ACNP role in this setting as patients who received care from an ACNP had similar outcomes to hospitalist-led care and reported greater satisfaction in some measures of care.
MR FLUID OF LIQUID GALLIUM DISPERSING MAGNETIC PARTICLES (2005)

The heat convection, which can be provided from a magneto-rheological (MR) fluid, is a useful process in converting heat from high to low temperature and vice versa. In this work, the property and preparation of liquid gallium-based MR fluid is presented. The prepared MR fluid disperses micron-sized iron or nicked metal powders in liquid gallium ( Ga ). In this experiment, supercooling of MR fluid was investigated in order to obtain the condition under which the liquid state can be kept below the melting point. Moreover, the viscosity and elasticity of the prepared MR liquid were measured as a function of magnetic flux density. Finally, it was demonstrated that liquid Ga is a useful base for preparing a new type MR fluid.
Tumor Suppressor Function of miR-127-3p and miR-376a-3p in Osteosarcoma Cells (2019)

Since the introduction of high-dose chemotherapy about 35 years ago, survival rates of osteosarcoma patients have not been significantly improved. New therapeutic strategies replacing or complementing conventional chemotherapy are therefore urgently required. MicroRNAs represent promising targets for such new therapies, as they are involved in the pathology of multiple types of cancer, and aberrant expression of several miRNAs has already been shown in osteosarcoma. In this study, we identified silencing of miR-127-3p and miR-376a-3p in osteosarcoma cell lines and tissues and investigated their role as potential tumor suppressors in vitro and in vivo. Transfection of osteosarcoma cells (<i>n</i> = 6) with miR-127-3p and miR-376a-3p mimics significantly inhibited proliferation and reduced the colony formation capacity of these cells. In contrast, we could not detect any influence of miRNA restoration on cell cycle and apoptosis induction. The effects of candidate miRNA restoration on tumor engraftment and growth in vivo were analyzed using a chicken chorioallantoic membrane (CAM) assay. Cells transfected with mir-127-3p and miR-376a-3p showed reduced tumor take rates and tumor volumes and a significant decrease of the cumulative tumor volumes to 41% and 54% compared to wildtype cells. The observed tumor suppressor function of both analyzed miRNAs indicates these miRNAs as potentially valuable targets for the development of new therapeutic strategies for the treatment of osteosarcoma.
Geological image processing of petrographic thin sections using the rotating polarizer stage (1998)

One of the fundamental problems with image processing of petrographic\nthin sections is that the appearance (colour I intensity) of a mineral grain will vary\nwith the orientation of the crystal lattice to the preferred direction of the polarizing\nfilters on a petrographic microscope. This makes it very difficult to determine\ngrain boundaries, grain orientation and mineral species from a single captured\nimage. To overcome this problem, the Rotating Polarizer Stage was used to\nreplace the fixed polarizer and analyzer on a standard petrographic microscope.\nThe Rotating Polarizer Stage rotates the polarizers while the thin section remains\nstationary, allowing for better data gathering possibilities.\nInstead of capturing a single image of a thin section, six composite data\nsets are created by rotating the polarizers through 900 (or 1800 if quartz c-axes\nmeasurements need to be taken) in both plane and cross polarized light. The\ncomposite data sets can be viewed as separate images and consist of the\naverage intensity image, the maximum intensity image, the minimum intensity\nimage, the maximum position image, the minimum position image and the\ngradient image.\nThe overall strategy used by the image processing system is to gather the\ncomposite data sets, determine the grain boundaries using the gradient image,\nclassify the different mineral species present using the minimum and maximum\nintensity images and then perform measurements of grain shape and, where\npossible, partial crystallographic orientation using the maximum intensity and\nmaximum position images.
Tryptophan biosynthesis genes in Lactococcus lactis subsp. lactis (1992)

The Lactococcus lactis chromosomal region containing the seven structural genes required for tryptophan biosynthesis was characterized by cloning and sequencing. All of the trp genes were identified by the homology of their products with known Trp proteins from other organisms. The identification was confirmed for five genes by their ability to complement trp mutations in Escherichia coli. The seven structural genes are present in the order trpEGDCFBA and span a 7,968-bp segment. Each gene is preceded by a putative ribosome binding site complementary to the 3' end of the L. lactis 16S rRNA. Three pairs of genes (trpG-trpD, trpC-trpF, and trpB-trpA) overlap, and there is intercistronic spacing of 124, 46, and 585 bp between the trpE-trpG, trpD-trpC, and trpF-trpB gene pairs, respectively. No gene fusion was found. Upstream of the trp genes, a 457-bp noncoding DNA segment contains several regions fitting the consensus for gram-positive promoters and one region strongly resembling a transcription terminator. However, it seems unlikely that an attenuation mechanism similar to the one found in E. coli regulates tryptophan biosynthesis in L. lactis, since no potential leader peptide was detected. We propose that a mechanisms resembling that described in Bacillus spp. can regulate trp genes expression in L. lactis.