gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A FAMILY OF NOVEL ACTIN‐INHIBITING MARINE TOXINS (1996)

1. We have examined the effects of marine toxins with a macrolide structure on actin. These toxins include mycalolide B, aplyronine A and bistheonellide A. 2. Measuring actin polymerization by monitoring fluorescent intensity of pyrenyl-actin, mycalolide B did not accelerate the actin polymerization but quickly depolymerized F-actin. In contrast, cytochalasin D, which inhibits actin polymerization by binding to the barbed end of F-actin, accelerated actin nucleation and depolymerized F-actin at a slower rate. 3. Analysing the kinetics of depolymerization by monitoring the rate of spontaneous depolymerization of F-actin under the unpolymerizable state or the rate of polymerization where F-actin was seeded as a nucleus, mycalolide B was suggested to sever F-actin. 4. The relationship between the concentration of total actin and F-actin at different concentrations of mycalolide B suggests that mycalolide B forms a 1:1 complex with G-actin. Viscometry and electron microscopic observations further suggest that the actin filament was depolymerized by mycalolide B. Furthermore, mycalolide B suppressed actin-activated myosin Mg(2+)-ATPase activity, although cytochalasin D did not. Aplyronine A has similar effects on actin. 5. Bistheonellide A also depolymerized F-actin and sequestered G-actin by forming a 1:2 complex with G-actins, but, its severing effect was not detected. We conclude that mycalolide B, aplyronine A and bistheonellide A are novel types of actin-depolymerizing agents, the mechanism of action of which is different from that of cytochalasin D. These structurally related marine toxins may be categorized as 'actin depolymerizing macrolides' and may serve as novel pharmacological tools for analysing actin-mediated cell functions.
Coherent operation of monolithically integrated master oscillator amplifiers (1990)

Monolithically integrated master oscillator power amplifiers have been fabricated resulting in single frequency near diffraction limited operation at an output power of 485 mW.
Mechanistic Studies of Particulate Soil Detergency: II: Hydrophilic Soil Removal (2012)

Abstract In this work, the removal mechanism of kaolinite and ferric oxide (model hydrophilic particulate soils) from hydrophilic (cotton) and hydrophobic (polyester) fabrics was studied using three surfactant types: sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS), octylphenol ethoxylate (OP(EO)10), and cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB). This work investigated the relations between zeta potential, surfactant adsorption, contact angle, solid/liquid spreading pressure, and dispersion stability in washing solutions as compared to detergency performance and antiredeposition as a function of surfactant concentration and pH level. The SDS showed the best detergency for both particulate soils, followed by OP(EO)10, with CTAB being the least effective surfactant. For SDS, the electrostatic repulsion between fabric and soil was found to be the dominant force for hydrophilic particulate soil removal. For the nonionic surfactant OP(EO)10, electrostatics are also important and steric effects aid particulate soil detergency. Electrostatic forces and solid/liquid interfacial tension reduction aids CTAB detergency. These same detergency mechanisms have previously been found for the case of hydrophobic soil removal from fabrics. Dispersion stability did not prove to be a dominant mechanism governing particulate soil detergency. From the SEM photos of soiled fabric, ferric oxide attaches to the fabric surface with no entrapment between fabric yarns; moreover, ferric oxide tends to form larger aggregates on cotton compared to polyester fabric. The adhesion of larger particles is hypothesized to be weaker than the smaller ones. Therefore ferric oxide can be more easily removed from cotton fabric than polyester. The SEM photos for kaolinite show little visual difference in particle agglomeration on polyester compared to cotton. Removal of kaolinite from cotton was found to be higher than from polyester, but there is less difference than for ferric oxide.
Neutron Diffraction Study on the Crystal Orientation of Y-Ba-Cu-O Superconducting Material Aligned in the Magnetic Field (1989)

The preferred orientation of the YBa 2 Cu 3 O x crystallites aligned in the magnetic fields at room temperature was measured by means of the neutron diffraction technique. The higher the magnetic field, the better the crystal orientation. The FWHM of the Lorentzian function fitted to the preferred orientation of the [001] axis along the applied 7 T field was 16.86 deg. for the tetragonal phase and 13.10 deg. for the orthorhombic phase I of the material. The results suggest that the magnetic alignment technique could be used to increase the critical current density of the superconducting material.
La evaluación de Educación Física en la enseñanza secundaria desde la perspectiva de la Reforma (1993)

La evaluacion en Educacion Fisica es un tema problematico que ha despertado la inquietud de muchos educadores. En este trabajo se parte de la definicion general de evaluacion y de los tipos de evaluacion para llegar a analizar la situacion concreta en el area de Educacion Fisica en la ensenanza secundaria. Se llega a la conclusion de que, al igual que en los ultimos anos se ha evolucionado en cuanto a los objetivos y contenidos de la Educacion Fisica, es necesaria una evolucion en el proceso de evaluacion. A continuacion se mencionan los medios de que disponemos para evaluar los diferentes objetivos que se pueden proponer en el area de Educacion Fisica, tanto los relacionados con los hechos, conceptos y sistemas conceptuales, como los relacionados con los procedimientos, y tambien los que tienen que ver con las actitudes, valores y normas. Seguidamente se sugiere la valoracion de los procedimientos tambien desde el punto de vista cuantitativo, y finalmente se propone una forma ponderada de llegar a la calificacion
Music signal separation by supervised nonnegative matrix factorization with basis deformation (2013)

In this paper, we address a music signal separation problem, and propose a new supervised algorithm for real instrumental signal separation employing a deformable capability for a spectral supervision trained in advance. Nonnegative matrix factorization (NMF) is one of the techniques used for the separation of an audio mixture that consists of multiple instrumental sources. Conventional supervised NMF has the critical problem that a mismatch between the bases trained in advance and the target real sound reduces the accuracy of separation. To solve this problem, we propose a new advanced supervised NMF that employs a deformable capability for the trained bases and penalty terms for making the bases fit into the target sound. The results of the experiment using real instruments show that the proposed method significantly improves the accuracy of separation compared with the conventional method.
해외 친환경 건축의 특성에 관한 연구 (2015)

환경 보호와 관련하여서는 녹색(green)과 생태적(ecological), 지속성(sustainable)이라는 의미가 들어가 있는데, 이는 건축물에 의한 환경 영향의 최소화와 건축물이 건강한 생활의 장소가 되게 하는 것과 관련되어 있다. 즉 건축물이 더 나은 삶을 제공하고 건강과 안락함을 제공하는 터전이 되어야 한다는 것이다. 이에 따라 해외 친환경 건축물들이 에너지효율성과 자원효율성, 디자인적절성, 편의성, 건강성과 어떠한 관련성이 있는지를 분석해 보았다. 그리고 이러한 건축물들이 지속가능한 건축물로서 확실한 대안 건축물의 기능을 하고 있는가와 관련하여 살펴보았다. 사례의 분석 대상은 해외 친환경 건축에서 LEED, BREEAM 등 친환경 인증을 받은 6개이었다. 이들 6개의 해외 친환경 건축의 특성을 종합하여 보면 멜버른 시의회청사(CH2, Council House 2)와 젠자임 센터(Genzyme Center)가 가장 우수한 것으로 나타났다. 해외 친환경 건축의 대부분의 건축물들에 있어서 신재생에너지의 적극 활용, 우수 및 중수 재활용 시스템 등을 통한 물 절약 및 자원효율성 극대화, 세계적인 상징성 및 랜드마크적인 요소 구비, 대중교통과의 편리한 연계성, 실내 공기 질 향상과 유해물질 및 오염물질 저감의 적극적인 노력, 생태계 시스템의 원활한 유지 등이 강점으로 나타났다. 국내 친환경 건축물의 경우에도 세계적인 LEED, BREEAM 등 친환경 인증제도에 부합되는 건축물들이 많이 생겨나야 할 것이다. 이는 단순히 에너지 및 자원 절약적인 측면뿐만 아니라 세계화 시대에 인류의 건강과 편리성 도모로 이어질 것이다.
Enhanced sensitivity of fiber optic evanescent wave absorption-based concentration sensor by shining a Bessel–Gauss beam and effect of fiber bending on the sensor response: a theoretical analysis (2019)

We present a theoretical perspective on the notion of a highly sensitive multimode fiber optic evanescent wave absorption-based sensor by exploiting a zero-order Bessel–Gauss beam to determine the concentration of sodium chloride (NaCl) from its aqueous solution. The phenomenon of excited waveguide modes inside the sensor structure has been assessed by using a classical wave-optic model. By harnessing the advantages of the Bessel–Gauss beam, the difference in transmitted output power is evaluated for various concentrations of NaCl, ranging from 0 to 360 g/L. To corroborate our theoretical predictions, the computer-aided simulation in Mode Solutions software has been performed on the proposed sensing configuration. In contrast to the conventional concentration sensor using Gaussian beam, the projected scheme yields a maximum 14.40-fold superior sensitivity of 0.072 dB / gL − 1 with a commendable sensing resolution of ∼0.013 g / L. Also, attention has been paid to the Bessel–Gauss beam shined U-bent fiber-optic absorption-based concentration sensor, where the sensor response has been numerically investigated for different bending radii, and it is concluded that the sensitivity can be enhanced appreciably by gently reducing the bending radius. Due to ultrahigh sensitivity, the present paradigm is very much alluring and evocative, establishing pivotal implication in chemical and biological sensing fields.
CTLA4 methylation predicts response to anti–PD-1 and anti–CTLA-4 immunotherapy in melanoma patients (2018)

Recent years have witnessed the groundbreaking success of immune checkpoint blockage (ICB) in metastasized malignant melanoma. However, biomarkers predicting the response to ICB are still urgently needed. In the present study, we investigated CTLA4 promoter methylation (mCTLA4) in 470 malignant melanoma patients from The Cancer Genome Atlas (non-ICB cohort) and in 50 individuals with metastasized malignant melanomas under PD-1/CTLA-4-targeted immunotherapy (ICB cohort). mCTLA4 levels were quantified using the Infinium HumanMethylation450 BeadChip (non-ICB cohort) and methylation-specific quantitative real-time PCR in DNA formalin-fixed and paraffin-embedded tissues (ICB cohort). Methylation levels were associated with molecular and clinicopathological variables and analyzed with respect to response (irRECIST) and overall survival. CTLA-4 mRNA and mCTLA4 showed a significant inverse correlation (non-ICB cohort: Spearman's ρ = -0.416, P < 0.001). In ICB-treated melanoma patients, low mCTLA4 was further strongly correlated with response to therapy (P = 0.009, ANOVA) and overall survival (hazard ratio = 2.06 [95% CI: 1.29-3.29], P = 0.003). Our data strongly support the assumption that mCTLA4 predicts response to both anti-PD-1 and anti-CTLA-4 targeted ICB in melanoma and provides paramount information for the selection of patients likely to respond to ICB.
Molecular modelling of the three-dimensional structure and conformational flexibility of bacterial lipopolysaccharide (1992)

Molecular modelling techniques have been applied to calculate the three-dimensional architecture and the conformational flexibility of a complete bacterial S-form lipopolysaccharide (LPS) consisting of a hexaacyl lipid A identical to Escherichia coli lipid A, a complete Salmonella typhimurium core oligosaccharide portion, and four repeating units of the Salmonella serogroup B O-specific chain. X-ray powder diffraction experiments on dried samples of LPS were carried out to obtain information on the dimensions of the various LPS partial structures. Up to the Ra-LPS structure, the calculated model dimensions were in good agreement with experimental data and were 2.4 nm for lipid A, 2.8 nm for Re-LPS, 3.5 nm for Rd-LPS, and 4.4 nm for Ra-LPS. The maximum length of a stretched S-form LPS model bearing four repeating units was evaluated to be 9.6 nm; however, energetically favored LPS conformations showed the O-specific chain bent with respect to the Ra-LPS portion and significantly smaller dimensions (about 5.0 to 5.5 nm). According to the calculations, the Ra-LPS moiety has an approximately cylindrical shape and is conformationally well defined, in contrast to the O-specific chain, which was found to be the most flexible portion within the molecule.
An Online Outlier Identification and Removal Scheme for Improving Fault Detection Performance (2013)

Measured data or states for a nonlinear dynamic system is usually contaminated by outliers. Identifying and removing outliers will make the data (or system states) more trustworthy and reliable since outliers in the measured data (or states) can cause missed or false alarms during fault diagnosis. In addition, faults can make the system states nonstationary needing a novel analytical model-based fault detection (FD) framework. In this paper, an online outlier identification and removal (OIR) scheme is proposed for a nonlinear dynamic system. Since the dynamics of the system can experience unknown changes due to faults, traditional observer-based techniques cannot be used to remove the outliers. The OIR scheme uses a neural network (NN) to estimate the actual system states from measured system states involving outliers. With this method, the outlier detection is performed online at each time instant by finding the difference between the estimated and the measured states and comparing its median with its standard deviation over a moving time window. The NN weight update law in OIR is designed such that the detected outliers will have no effect on the state estimation, which is subsequently used for model-based fault diagnosis. In addition, since the OIR estimator cannot distinguish between the faulty or healthy operating conditions, a separate model-based observer is designed for fault diagnosis, which uses the OIR scheme as a preprocessing unit to improve the FD performance. The stability analysis of both OIR and fault diagnosis schemes are introduced. Finally, a three-tank benchmarking system and a simple linear system are used to verify the proposed scheme in simulations, and then the scheme is applied on an axial piston pump testbed. The scheme can be applied to nonlinear systems whose dynamics and underlying distribution of states are subjected to change due to both unknown faults and operating conditions.
Co-Aggregation of Penicillin G Acylase and Polyionic Polymers:  An Easy Methodology To Prepare Enzyme Biocatalysts Stable in Organic Media (2004)

A novel type of biocatalyst that combines the good properties of cross-linked enzyme aggregates (CLEAs) and hydrophilic microenvironments has been developed. Dextran sulfate- and polyethyleneimine-coated CLEAs of penicillin acylase (CLEA-GDP) were prepared by adding the polymers of different sizes before the precipitation stage of the enzyme. This study presents the development and optimization of a protocol to produce such a biocatalyst using penicillin acylase as a model. Experiments show that CLEA-GDPs have a highly increased stability in organic media. The average half-life of the preparations was much higher than standard CLEA without a microenvironment (CLEA-G), (e.g., more than 25-fold) in the presence of dioxane. However, their thermal stability was not increased, which leads to the conclusion that the stability of CLEA-GDPs in organic media is due to the hydrophilic microenvironment that surrounds the protein enzyme more than to a conformational stiffening effect. This is further supported by solvation experiments that show a preferential hydration of CLEA when polymers are used to coat the enzyme. CLEA-GDPs are clearly better than other biocatalysts in terms of solvent stability.
Graphene-Based Sensors for Monitoring Strain (2013)

The application of graphene as a nanosensor in measuring strain through its band structure around the Fermi level is investigated in this paper. The mechanical properties of graphene as well as its electronic structure are determined by using the density functional theory calculations within the framework of generalized gradient approximation. In the case of electronic properties, the simulations are applied for symmetrical and asymmetrical strain distributions in elastic range; also the tight-binding approach is implemented to verify the results. It is indicated that the energy band gap does not change with the symmetrical strain distribution but depend on the asymmetric strain distribution, increasing strain leads to band gap opening around the Fermi level.
Advances in Angioscopic Imaging of Vascular Disease (2012)

Percutaneous angioscopy, using high resolution fiberoptic imaging, allows direct and two-dimensional visualization of the vascular interior, thereby enabling macroscopic pathological diagnosis. Percutaneous angioscopy has revealed that the vascular luminal surface exhibits various colors and morphologies characteristic of different vascular diseases. This imaging technique is used for evaluation of the severity of vascular diseases, staging of atherosclerosis, analysis of thrombus composition, evaluation of interventional and surgical therapies, and for guidance of intravascular interventions such as angioplasty, venous valvuloplasty and aortic stentgrafting. Recently, dye-image angioscopy has been used clinically for analyses of thrombus composition, endothelial damage and plaque composition. Intravascular microscopy was also developed for cellular imaging of vascular disease. Furthermore, fluorescent angioscopy was developed for molecular imaging of substances comprising atherosclerotic plaques. In this article, we describe the history of the development of angioscopy, angioscopic systems and techniques, angioscopic changes associated with vascular diseases, angioscope-guided intravascular therapies, and evaluation of intravascular and surgical therapies. Angioscopic pictures, except those of the coronary arteries, have rarely been published in the literature, so we have included many representative angioscopic pictures obtained by the authors in this article.
<scp>L</scp>‐Phenylalanine Cyclohexylamide: A simple and convenient auxiliary for the synthesis of optically pure α,α‐disubstituted (<i>R</i>)‐ and (<i>S</i>)‐amino acids (1995)

Abstract This work describes L ‐phenylalanine cyclohexylamide ( 5c ) as a simple, cheap, and powerful chiral auxiliary for the synthesis of a series of optically pure α,α‐disubstituted ( R )‐ and ( S )‐amino acids of type 1 , such as ( R )‐ and ( S )‐2‐methyl‐phenylalanine ( 1a ), ( R )‐ and ( S )‐2‐methyl‐2‐phenylglycine ( 1b ), and ( R )‐ and ( S )‐2‐methylvaline ( 1c ; Scheme 3 ). These amino acids were efficiently transformed into the suitably protected and activated amino acid building blocks ( R )‐ and ( S )‐ 12b and ( R )‐ and ( S )‐ 12c ( Scheme 4 ) which are ready for incorporation into peptides by solution or solid‐phase techniques. Based on the crystal structures of 6b, 6c , and 7a belonging to the diastereoisomeric peptides series 6 and 7 , the absolute configurations of each member of the series were determined. β‐Turn geometries of type II′ and I were observed for 6b and 7a , respectively, whereas 6c crystallized in an extended conformation. The impacts of side‐chain variation on conformation and crystal packing of these triamides are discussed.
Rippling Muscle Disease (1989)

Six patients from two families with an autosomal dominantly inherited disease, apparently a myopathy, are described. Their major complaint was muscle stiffness, primarily in the legs. The muscles displayed an unusual sensitivity to stretch, manifested by rippling waves of muscle contraction. These rippling contractions were not accompanied by muscle fiber action potentials. Nonspecific, mild abnormalities were seen on muscle biopsy. These findings raise the possibility that there is an intracellular derangement in the muscle fiber responsible for the muscle rippling; further studies are necessary to establish the underlying pathophysiologic condition.
Regioselective Formation of Multiple Disulfide Bonds with the Aid of Postsynthetic S-Tritylation (2015)

Disulfide bond formation performed in solution with the tert-butylthio (StBu) group was accomplished using a free peptide having only the sulfhydryl groups of Cys protected with the aid of postsynthetic S-tritylation. This facilitated removal of the StBu group with subsequent disulfide formation without any difficulty. This strategy using the StBu group in combination with the widely used acetamidomethyl (Acm), 4-methylbenzyl/4-methoxybenzyl (Meb/Mob), and trityl (Trt) groups enables reliable and regioselective synthesis of multicystine peptides.
Evaluation of contribution rate of weapon equipment system of systems capability based on conditional evidential network (2017)

Contribution rate assessment of weapons and equipment system of systems is the basis of weapons equipment planning and project feasibility study. According to the uncertainty of the input information in the evaluation of the contribution rate of the weapon equipment system of systems, based on conditional evidential network, the contribution rate of the system of systems is evaluated in two steps. First, we evaluate the belief distribution of requirement satisfaction degree of the capacity, and then calculate the inverse conditional belief between the requirements satisfaction degree of the upper and lower capacity, and use the product of the two as the basis for the evaluation of contribution rate of the system of systems. Finally, the contribution rate of space navigation and positioning system of systems is evaluated, and the feasibility and effectiveness of the method are verified.
EJ Extra: Mathematical Language and the Common Core State Standards for English (2013)

Mathematical language is distinct from everyday language, and English language arts teachers could team with mathematics teachers to provide specialized support to students transitioning to more formal mathematical reading and writing.
Propensity Scores in Cardiovascular Research (2007)

Information about reprints can be found online at: Reprints: document. Permissions and Rights Question and Answer this process is available in the click Request Permissions in the middle column of the Web page under Services. Further information about Office. Once the online version of the published article for which permission is being requested is located, can be obtained via RightsLink, a service of the Copyright Clearance Center, not the EditorialCirculationin Requests for permissions to reproduce figures, tables, or portions of articles originally publishedPermissions: by guest on February 27,
RhoA Signaling and Synaptic Damage Occur Within Hours in a Live Pig Model of CNS Injury, Retinal Detachment (2016)

Activation of the RhoA pathway occurs quickly after injury and promotes synaptic damage that can be controlled by RhoA kinase inhibition. We suggest that retinal detachment joins the list of central nervous system injuries, such as stroke and spinal cord injury, that should be considered for rapid therapeutic intervention.
Fluorescence Studies of the Thermoresponsive Behavior of Aqueous Dispersions of Microgels Based upon Poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) (2000)

Fluorescence measurements, involving both pyrene (as a solubilized probe) and an acenaphthenyl species (as covalently bound label), have been used to study the thermoresponsive behavior of a series of microgels based on N-isopropylacrylamide) (NIPAM). The gels all exhibit cloud points which constitute their lower critical solution temperatures (LCST). Incorporation of dimethylacrylamide (DMAC) as a hydrophilic modifier raises the LCST of the microgel. However, as the DMAC content of the gel is increased, the capacity of the nanoparticles to solubilize organic guests is reduced. Time-resolved anisotropy measurements (TRAMS) on ACE-labeled PNIPAM nanoparticles have confirmed the proposal [Hirotsu et al. J. Phys. Soc. Jpn. 1989, 58, 210; Fujishige et al. J. Phys. Chem. 1989, 93, 3311] that the rapid reversibility of the smart thermal response of such microgels involves a 2-stage mechanism. Furthermore, the TRAMS data have allowed the onset temperatures of the two distinct steps in this mechanism to be identified in dispersions containing 0.13 wt % microgel, in total.