gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Dual Fuel Injection Nozzle for Methanol Fueled Compression Ignition Engine Operation (1991)

<div class="htmlview paragraph">The objective of the work reported in this paper was to develop and demonstrate an injection nozzle which can be used to inject both diesel fuel and methanol in to a direct injection diesel engine. The constraints on the nozzle were that it must provide acceptable fuel metering and atomization for the diesel fuel so that the engine can be operated at rated load on diesel fuel alone, or operate at full load with the diesel fuel as a pilot for the methanol. An additional constraint was that the nozzle design was to be easily adaptable to the existing injection nozzle so that engine head modifications are not required.</div> <div class="htmlview paragraph">The initial design was evaluated in a constant volume test chamber in which the pressure was varied from atmospheric to engine compression pressures. The design variables were optimized in the injection chamber to provide two separate injections with acceptable injection characteristics as determined from records of the injection pressures and high-speed movies of the two sprays.</div> <div class="htmlview paragraph">The results of the optimization experiments are discussed in terms of the important design parameters. In addition, the design optimized in the injection chamber was installed in a single-cylinder research test engine and further optimization was performed. The engine performance and the steady-state gas phase emissions are presented on a comparative basis with the equivalent baseline data obtained during operation in the standard configuration with diesel fuel. The results are discussed in terms of the design criteria for best performance based on the results of the engine experiments.</div>
A comparative analysis of several transformations for enhancement and segmentation of magnetic resonance images (2005)

The authors compare performance of several transformations, applied to magnetic resonance image (MRI) scene sequences for image enhancement and segmentation. Comparisons are made for principal component analysis, matched, modified-matched, maximum contrast, eigenimage, target point, ratio, log-ratio, and angle-image transformations. Signal-to-noise ratio (SNR), contrast-to-noise ratio (CNR), segmentation of a desired feature (SDF), and correction for partial volume averaging effects (CPV) are used as performance measures. For comparison, simplified analytical expressions for SNRs and CNRs of transformed images are derived, and CPV by a transformation is studied. Properties of transformations are investigated through their applications to simulation, phantom, and brain studies; advantages and weaknesses are discussed. The authors' conclusions are: (i) principal component analysis, matched, and angle-image are best for SNR. Improvement; (ii) maximum contrast is best for CNR improvement; (iii) eigenimage and target point are best for SDF; and (iv) eigenimage is best for simultaneous SNR and CNR improvements, SDF, and CPV.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Toluidinesulfonamide Hypoxia-Induced Factor 1 Inhibitors: Alleviating Drug–Drug Interactions through Use of PubChem Data and Comparative Molecular Field Analysis Guided Synthesis (2011)

Inhibitors of hypoxia-inducible factor 1 (HIF-1) represent promising anticancer therapeutics. We have identified a series of potent toluidinesulfonamide HIF-1 inhibitors. However, the series was threatened by a potential liability to inhibit CYP2C9 which could cause dangerous drug-drug interactions when being coadministered with other drugs. We used structure-activity data from the PubChem database to develop a topomer CoMFA model that guided the design of novel sulfonamides with high selectivity for HIF-1 over CYP2C9 inhibition.
Modeling of submarine initial pipe-laying process and its real-time semi-physical virtual reality system (2018)

The mathematical model of the initial pipeline and cable process is created with regard to the ocean current load and wave load; and the mathematical model is solved by the numerical quasi-Newton method to investigate the effects of the current and wave load on the shape and force of the pipeline and cable during the initial pipe-laying process. On this basis, semi-physical simulation system is built to visualize the initial pipe-laying process. The simulation results are compared with OFFPIPE’s results to verify the mathematical model. The current and wave load effects on the shape and tension of the pipeline and cable are analyzed. This real-time virtual reality system will help engineering project in risk management and prediction as well as staff training, which is of vital significance for minimizing the risk of the actual pipe laying and improving the efficiency of the pipe-laying work.
Modelling situated human-robot interaction using IrisTK (2015)

In this demonstration we show how situated multi-party human-robot interaction can be modelled using the open source framework IrisTK. We will demonstrate the capabilities of IrisTK by showing an application where two users are playing a collaborative card sorting game together with the robot head Furhat, where the cards are shown on a touch table between the players. The application is interesting from a research perspective, as it involves both multi-party interaction, as well as joint attention to the objects under discussion.
Sparse-increment iteration-based sound velocity profile estimation with multi-beam bathymetry systems (2012)

This paper presents a method to estimate the sound velocity profile (SVP) of the water column along with the bathymetry using overlapping swaths obtained from a multi-beam system. The method exploits the terrain deviations in the overlapped regions of different survey tracks. Such deviation is closely related to the SVP errors, and hence by minimizing the deviations, the SVP can be updated from the prior value. Furthermore, a sparse-increment iteration-based method is developed to solve the estimation problem, which is quite efficient in computation. Both simulated and experimental data processing results demonstrate that the proposed method can yield an SVP estimate converging to the true SVP value after a limited number of iterations while generating more precise depth measurements.
Media Portrayals and Health Inequalities: A Case Study of Characterizations of Gene × Environment Interactions (2005)

The emphasis on the genetic side of Gene x Environment interactions can serve to deflect attention away from the important impact of social inequalities on health.
Gasotransmitter Heterocellular Signaling (2017)

Elucidation of specific molecular targets, characteristics of gasotransmitter molecule heterotypic interactions, and spatiotemporal formation and metabolism are all important to better understand their true pathophysiological importance in various organ systems. Antioxid. Redox Signal. 26, 936-960.
Polarization attraction using counter-propagating waves in optical fiber at telecommunication wavelengths (2008)

In this work, we report the experimental observation of a polarization attraction process which can occur in optical fibers at telecommunication wavelengths. More precisely, we have numerically and experimentally shown that a polarization attractor, based on the injection of two counter-propagating waves around 1.55microm into a 2-m long high nonlinear fiber, can transform any input polarization state into a unique well-defined output polarization state.
Index-ion Triggered MS2 Ion Quantification: A Novel Proteomics Approach for Reproducible Detection and Quantification of Targeted Proteins in Complex Mixtures (2010)

Biomedical research requires protein detection technology that is not only sensitive and quantitative, but that can reproducibly measure any set of proteins in a biological system in a high throughput manner. Here we report the development and application of a targeted proteomics platform termed index-ion triggered MS2 ion quantification (iMSTIQ) that allows reproducible and accurate peptide quantification in complex mixtures. The key feature of iMSTIQ is an approach called index-ion triggered analysis (ITA) that permits the reproducible acquisition of full MS2 spectra of targeted peptides independent of their ion intensities. Accurate quantification is achieved by comparing the relative intensities of multiple pairs of fragment ions derived from isobaric targeted peptides during MS2 analysis. Importantly, the method takes advantage of the favorable performance characteristics of the LTQ-Orbitrap, which include high mass accuracy, resolution, and throughput. As such it provides an attractive targeted proteomics tool to meet the demands of systems biology research and biomarker studies.
Scheduling of page fetches in join operations using B/sub c/-trees (2003)

The authors consider B/sub c/-trees in a centralized system with large main memory, and show that in some cases the join operation using B/sub c/-trees out performs other join techniques. The results can be used for estimating the cost of join using B/sub c/-trees and then making a decision regarding the most efficient join technique to be used.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Nested Arrays in Two Dimensions, Part I: Geometrical Considerations (2012)

A new class of two dimensional arrays with sensors on lattice(s) is proposed, whose difference co-array can give rise to a virtual two dimensional array with much larger number of elements on a “dense” lattice. This structure is obtained by systematically nesting two arrays, one with sensors on a sparse lattice and the other on a dense lattice where the lattices bear a certain relation with each other. The difference co-array of such an array with <i xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">M</i> and <i xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">N</i> elements respectively on the two lattices, is a two dimensional array with <i xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">O</i> ( <i xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">MN</i> ) elements present contiguously (without holes) on the dense lattice. The difference co-array can be realized on any arbitrary lattice by choosing the dense and sparse lattices appropriately. The generator matrices of the sparse and the dense lattices are related by an integer matrix. The Smith form of this integer matrix is shown to provide a very insightful perspective which is exploited heavily in the construction of nested arrays. The design of the two dimensional nested array gives rise to several interesting geometrical orientations of the co-array which are addressed in detail, and it is shown how the orientations can be manipulated to yield more virtual sensors in a continuum on the dense lattice. The increased number of elements in the virtual difference co-array can be exploited to perform two dimensional direction of arrival (DOA) estimation of many more sources than what traditional methods can achieve. A novel algorithm for application of the nested array in two dimensional direction of arrival estimation is reported in the accompanying part II of the paper.
Orthonormal Ridgelets and Linear Singularities (2000)

We construct a new orthonormal basis for $L^2({\Bbb R}^2)$, whose elements are angularly integrated ridge functions---{\it orthonormal ridgelets}. The basis elements are smooth and of rapid decay in the spatial domain, and in the frequency domain are localized near angular wedges which, at radius $r = 2^j$, have radial extent $\Delta r \approx 2^j$ and angular extent $\Delta \theta \approx 2\pi/2^{j}$. Orthonormal ridgelet expansions expose an interesting phenomenon in nonlinear approximation: they give very efficient approximations to objects such as $1_{\{ x_1\cos\theta+ x_2\sin\theta > a\}} \ e^{-x^2_1-x^2_2}$ which are smooth away from a discontinuity along a line. The orthonormal ridgelet coefficients of such objects are sparse: they belong to every $\ell^p$, p > 0. This implies that simple thresholding in the ridgelet orthobasis is, in a certain sense, a near-ideal nonlinear approximation scheme for such objects. Orthonormal ridgelets may be viewed as L2 substitutes for approximation by sums of ridge functions, and so can perform many of the same tasks as the ridgelet systems constructed by Candès [Ph.D. Thesis, Department of Statistics, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 1998; Appl. Comput. Harmon. Anal., 6 (1999), pp. 197--218]. Orthonormal ridgelets make available the machinery of orthogonal decompositions, which is not available for ridge functions as they are not in $L^2({\Bbb R}^2)$. The ridgelet orthobasis is constructed as the isometric image of a special wavelet basis for Radon space; as a consequence, ridgelet analysis is equivalent to a special wavelet analysis in the Radon domain. This means that questions of ridgelet analysis of linear singularities can be answered by wavelet analysis of point singularities. At the heart of our nonlinear approximation result is the study of a certain tempered distribution on ${\Bbb R}^2$ defined formally by S(u,v) = |v|^{-1/2} \sigma(u/|v|)$ with $\sigma$ a certain smooth bounded function; this is singular at (u,v) = (0,0) and $C^\infty$ elsewhere. The key point is that the analysis of this point singularity by tensor Meyer wavelets yields sparse coefficients at high frequencies; this is reflected in the sparsity of the ridgelet coefficients and the good nonlinear approximation properties of the ridgelet basis.
Expression of the α‐galactosidase from <i>Cyamopsis tetragonoloba</i> (guar) by <i>Hansenula polymorpha</i> (1991)

The methylotrophic yeast Hansenula polymorpha, a host organism for the production of heterologous proteins, has been applied to produce the alpha-galactosidase from the plant Cyamopsis tetragonoloba (guar). The yeast/Escherichia coli shuttle expression vector used is based on the origin of replication of the endogenous 2 microns plasmid of Saccharomyces cerevisiae and the LEU2 gene of S. cerevisiae for selection in H. polymorpha. In the expression vector, the alpha-galactosidase is controlled by the methanol-regulated promoter from the methanol oxidase gene, MOX, of H. polymorpha. The signal sequence of SUC2 (invertase) from the yeast S. cerevisiae, was used to ensure secretion of the alpha-galactosidase enzyme. After transformation and stabilization, the expression vector was stably integrated in the genome. The active alpha-galactosidase enzyme was efficiently secreted (greater than 85%) and after methanol induction, the expression level was 42 mg/l. Amino-terminal sequencing of the purified alpha-galactosidase enzyme synthesized by H. polymorpha showed that the S. cerevisiae invertase signal sequence was correctly processed by H. polymorpha. The secreted alpha-galactosidase was glycosylated and had a sugar content of 9.5%. The specific activity of the alpha-galactosidase produced by H. polymorpha was 38 U mg-1 compared to 100 U mg-1 for the guar alpha-galactosidase. Deglycosylation of the H. polymorpha alpha-galactosidase restored the specific activity completely.
Genetically engineered, attenuated whole-cell vaccine approaches for malaria (2010)

Malaria remains one of the most significant infectious diseases affecting human populations in developing countries. The quest for an efficacious malaria vaccine has been ongoing for nearly a century with limited success. The identification of malaria parasite antigens focused efforts on the development of subunit vaccines but has so far yielded only one partially efficacious vaccine candidate, RTS/S. The lack of high vaccine efficacy observed to date with subunit vaccine candidates raises doubts that the development of a single antigen or even a multi-antigen malaria subunit vaccine is possible. Fortunately, it has been demonstrated in animal studies and experimental clinical studies that immunizations with live-attenuated sporozoite stages of the malaria parasite confer long lasting, sterile protection against infection, providing a benchmark for vaccine development. These early successful vaccinations with live-attenuated malaria parasites did not however, promote a developmental path forward for such a vaccine approach. The discovery of genetically engineered parasite strains that are fully attenuated during the early asymptomatic liver infection and confer complete sterile protection in animal malaria models support the development of a live attenuated sporozoite vaccine for Plasmodium falciparum and its accelerated safety and efficacy testing in malaria challenge models and in malaria endemic areas.
Marek's Disease Virus Encodes MicroRNAs That Map to <i>meq</i> and the Latency-Associated Transcript (2006)

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are a class of small (approximately 22-nucleotide) regulatory molecules that block translation or induce degradation of target mRNAs. These have been identified in a wide range of organisms, including viruses. In particular, the oncogenic gammaherpesviruses Kaposi's sarcoma herpesvirus and Epstein-Barr virus encode miRNAs that could potentially regulate either viral or host genes. To determine if Marek's disease virus (MDV), an oncogenic alphaherpesvirus of chickens, encodes miRNAs, we isolated small RNAs from MDV-infected chicken embryo fibroblasts (CEF) and used the 454 Life Sciences sequencing technology to obtain the sequences of 13,679 candidate host and viral small RNAs. Eight miRNAs were found, five of which flank the meq oncogene and three that map to the latency-associated transcript (LAT) region of the genome. The meq gene is unique to pathogenic serotypes of MDV and is transcriptionally active during latency and transformation, and the LAT region of the MDV genome is antisense to the immediate-early gene ICP4. Secondary structure analysis predicted that the regions flanking the miRNAs could form hairpin precursors. Northern blot analysis confirmed expression of all miRNAs in MDV-infected CEF, MDV-induced tumors, and MDV lymphoblastoid cell lines. We propose that the MDV miRNAs function to enable MDV pathogenesis and contribute to MDV-induced transformation of chicken T cells.
High quality factor GaAs microcavity with buried bullseye defects (2018)

The development of high quality factor solid-state microcavities with low mode volumes has paved the way towards on-chip cavity quantum electrodynamics experiments and the development of high-performance nanophotonic devices. Here, we report on the implementation of a new kind of solid-state vertical microcavity, which allows for confinement of the electromagnetic field in the lateral direction without deep etching. The confinement originates from a local elongation of the cavity layer imprinted in a shallow etch and epitaxial overgrowth technique. We show that it is possible to improve the quality factor of such microcavities by a specific in-plane bullseye geometry consisting of a set of concentric rings with subwavelength dimensions. This design results in a smooth effective lateral photonic potential and therefore in a reduction of lateral scattering losses, which makes it highly appealing for experiments in the framework of exciton-polariton physics demanding tight spatial confinement.
Xanthine Oxidoreductase Is Involved in Macrophage Foam Cell Formation and Atherosclerosis Development (2011)

These results strongly suggest XOR activity and/or its expression level to contribute to macrophage foam cell formation. Thus, XOR inhibitors may be useful for preventing atherosclerosis.
Experience (2018)

This paper addresses the performance of systems which use commercial wireless devices to make bistatic RF channel measurements for non-contact respiration sensing. Published research has typically presented results from short controlled experiments on one system. In this paper, we deploy an extensive real-world comparative human subject study. We observe twenty patients during their overnight sleep (a total of 160 hours), during which contact sensors record ground-truth breathing data, patient position is recorded, and four different RF breathing monitoring systems simultaneously record measurements. We evaluate published methods and algorithms. We find that WiFi channel state information measurements provide the most robust respiratory rate estimates of the four RF systems tested. However, all four RF systems have periods during which RF-based breathing estimates are not reliable.
<i>Tert</i> ‐Butyl <i>Tert</i> ‐Butyldimethylsilylglyoxylate: <scp>A</scp> Useful Conjunctive Reagent (2008)

Abstract Sodium azide N ‐Acetylsulfanilyl choride 4‐Acetamidobenzenesulfonyl azide Tert ‐Butyl acetoacetate Tetrabutylammonium bromide Tert ‐Butyl diazoacetate N,N ‐Diisopropylethylamine Oxone ® monopersulfate
2′-Phosphate cyclase activity of RtcA: a potential rationale for the operon organization of RtcA with an RNA repair ligase RtcB in <i>Escherichia coli</i> and other bacterial taxa (2013)

RNA terminal phosphate cyclase catalyzes the ATP-dependent conversion of a 3'-phosphate RNA end to a 2',3'-cyclic phosphate via covalent enzyme-(histidinyl-Nε)-AMP and RNA(3')pp(5')A intermediates. Here, we report that Escherichia coli RtcA (and its human homolog Rtc1) are capable of cyclizing a 2'-phosphate RNA end in high yield. The rate of 2'-phosphate cyclization by RtcA is five orders of magnitude slower than 3'-phosphate cyclization, notwithstanding that RtcA binds with similar affinity to RNA3'p and RNA2'p substrates. These findings expand the functional repertoire of RNA cyclase and suggest that phosphate geometry during adenylate transfer to RNA is a major factor in the kinetics of cyclization. RtcA is coregulated in an operon with an RNA ligase, RtcB, that splices RNA 5'-OH ends to either 3'-phosphate or 2',3'-cyclic phosphate ends. Our results suggest that RtcA might serve an end healing function in an RNA repair pathway, by converting RNA 2'-phosphates, which cannot be spliced by RtcB, to 2',3'-cyclic phosphates that can be sealed. The rtcBA operon is controlled by the σ(54) coactivator RtcR encoded by an adjacent gene. This operon arrangement is conserved in diverse bacterial taxa, many of which have also incorporated the RNA-binding protein Ro (which is implicated in RNA quality control under stress conditions) as a coregulated component of the operon.
A new preparation of difunctionalized enamines from thioamides using silver(I) carbonate (1990)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTA new preparation of difunctionalized enamines from thioamides using silver(I) carbonateDenis Brillon and Gilles SauveCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1990, 55, 7, 2246–2249Publication Date (Print):March 1, 1990Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 March 1990https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo00294a053https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00294a053research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views641Altmetric-Citations18LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts