gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
The Thirsty Eel: Summer and Winter Flow Thresholds that Tilt the Eel River of Northwestern California from Salmon-Supporting to Cyanobacterially Degraded States (2015)

Although it flows through regions of northwestern California that are thought to be relatively well watered, the Eel River is increasingly stressed by drought and water withdrawals. We discuss how critical threshold changes in summer discharge can potentially tilt the Eel from a recovering salmon-supporting ecosystem toward a cyanobacterially degraded one. To maintain food webs and habitats that support salmonids and suppress harmful cyanobacteria, summer discharge must be sufficient to connect mainstem pools hydrologically with gently moving, cool base flow. Rearing salmon and steelhead can survive even in pools that become isolated during summer low flows if hyporheic exchange is sufficient. But if the ground water discharge that sustains river flow during summer drought drops below critical levels, warm stagnant conditions will kill salmonids, and cyanobacteria will thrive. Challenges and opportunities for restoring the Eel and increasing its resilience to climate extremes, water diversions, and excessive loading of fine sediments point toward exploring how land use and terrestrial vegetation affect delivery from uplands of water, heat, sediments, solutes, organic matter, and organisms—in ways that either heal or damage rivers.
miRU: an automated plant miRNA target prediction server (2005)

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) play important roles in gene expression regulation in animals and plants. Since plant miRNAs recognize their target mRNAs by near-perfect base pairing, computational sequence similarity search can be used to identify potential targets. A web-based integrated computing system, miRU, has been developed for plant miRNA target gene prediction in any plant, if a large number of sequences are available. Given a mature miRNA sequence from a plant species, the system thoroughly searches for potential complementary target sites with mismatches tolerable in miRNA-target recognition. True or false positives are estimated based on the number and type of mismatches in the target site, and on the evolutionary conservation of target complementarity in another genome which can be selected according to miRNA conservation. The output for predicted targets, ordered by mismatch scores, includes complementary sequences with mismatches highlighted in colors, original gene sequences and associated functional annotations. The miRU web server is available at http://bioinfo3.noble.org/miRU.htm.
Clay (2016)

Transaction processing database management systems (DBMSs) are critical for today's data-intensive applications because they enable an organization to quickly ingest and query new information. Many of these applications exceed the capabilities of a single server, and thus their database has to be deployed in a distributed DBMS. The key factor affecting such a system's performance is how the database is partitioned. If the database is partitioned incorrectly, the number of distributed transactions can be high. These transactions have to synchronize their operations over the network, which is considerably slower and leads to poor performance. Previous work on elastic database repartitioning has focused on a certain class of applications whose database schema can be represented in a hierarchical tree structure. But many applications cannot be partitioned in this manner, and thus are subject to distributed transactions that impede their performance and scalability. In this paper, we present a new on-line partitioning approach, called Clay, that supports both tree-based schemas and more complex "general" schemas with arbitrary foreign key relationships. Clay dynamically creates blocks of tuples to migrate among servers during repartitioning, placing no constraints on the schema but taking care to balance load and reduce the amount of data migrated. Clay achieves this goal by including in each block a set of hot tuples and other tuples co-accessed with these hot tuples. To evaluate our approach, we integrate Clay in a distributed, main-memory DBMS and show that it can generate partitioning schemes that enable the system to achieve up to 15× better throughput and 99% lower latency than existing approaches.
Autoinhibitory domain fragment of endothelial NOS enhances pulmonary artery vasorelaxation by the NO-cGMP pathway (2004)

Catalytic activity of eNOS is regulated by multiple posttranscriptional mechanisms, including a 40-amino acid (604-643) autoinhibitory domain (AID) located in the reductase domain of the eNOS protein. We examined whether an exogenous synthetic AID, an 11-amino acid (626-636) fragment of AID (AAF), or scrambled AAF (AAF-SR), enhanced eNOS activity and NO-cGMP-mediated vasorelaxation using pulmonary artery (PA) endothelial/smooth muscle cell (PAEC/PASM) coculture, isolated PA segment, and isolated lung perfusion models. Incubation of isolated total membrane fraction of PAEC with AID or AAF resulted in concentration-dependent loss of eNOS activity. In contrast, incubation of intact PAEC with AID or AAF but not AAF-SR caused concentration- and time-dependent activation of eNOS. Because AID and AAF had similar effects on activation of eNOS, AAF and AAF-SR were used for further evaluation. Although AAF stimulation increased catalytic activity of PKC-alpha in PAEC, AAF-mediated activation of eNOS was independent of phosphorylation of Ser1177 or Thr495 and/or expression of eNOS protein. AAF stimulation of PAEC increased NO and cGMP production, which were attenuated by pretreatment with the eNOS inhibitor l-NAME. AAF caused time-dependent vasodilation of U-46619-precontracted endothelium-intact but not endothelium-denuded PA segments, and this response was attenuated by l-NAME. AAF, but not AAF-SR, also caused vasorelaxation in an ex vivo isolated mouse lung perfusion model precontracted with U-46619. Incubation with fluorescence-labeled AAF demonstrated translocation of AAF in PAEC in culture, isolated PA, and isolated intact lungs. These results demonstrate that AAF-stimulated vasodilation is mediated via activation of eNOS and enhanced NO-cGMP production in PA and intact lung.
Bayesian truthing and experimental validation in homeland security and defense (2014)

In this paper we discuss relations between Bayesian Truthing (experimental validation), Bayesian statistics, and Binary Sensing in the context of selected Homeland Security and Intelligence, Surveillance, Reconnaissance (ISR) optical and nonoptical application scenarios. The basic Figure of Merit (FoM) is Positive Predictive Value (PPV), as well as false positives and false negatives. By using these simple binary statistics, we can analyze, classify, and evaluate a broad variety of events including: ISR; natural disasters; QC; and terrorism-related, GIS-related, law enforcement-related, and other C3I events.
Plasma‐Enhanced Chemical Vapor Deposition of Silicon Dioxide Films Using Tetraethoxysilane and Oxygen: Characterization and Properties of Films (1992)

films were deposited in a commercial single wafer parallel plate plasma deposition reactor using tetraethoxysilane as the silicon source. Deposition conditions were varied to produce films with widely differing properties. Electrical, optical, mechanical, and wet‐etch‐rate characterization were then used to investigate the as‐deposited film quality. Moisture uptake was also measured and related to the initial properties. The films were studied in an ongoing investigation of silicon dioxide interlevel dielectric films used in multilevel ultra large scale integrated chip wiring.
Massive deep vein thrombosis after cesarean section treated with a temporary inferior vena cava filter: a case report. (2000)

A 25-year-old woman suffered a massive deep vein thrombus in her left common iliac vein extending to the inferior vena cava after an abdominal cesarean section. The massive and floating inferior vena cava thrombus was considered to pose a high risk of pulmonary thromboembolism. After placement of a temporary inferior vena cava filter via the left brachial vein, thrombolytic therapy and anticoagulation therapy were instituted. The filter successfully prevented pulmonary thromboembolism during thrombolytic therapy. This patient was confined to bed because the filter moved vertically with left shoulder joint abduction. Although a temporary inferior vena cava filter is very useful for the prevention of pulmonary thromboembolism in a patient with deep vein thrombus, the appropriate range of activity for such a patient needs careful consideration.
Networked electronic energy meters with power quality analysis (2002)

Aside from the obvious advantages (insensitivity to ageing, manufacturability, reliability and digital/field calibration) of electronic energy meters over their electromechanical counterparts, networked electronic energy meters will revolutionise future power systems in terms of better integration, planning, control, maintenance and billing. At the time of publication, standards for electronic energy metering are evolving; the authors have therefore discussed various additional desired functions of electronic energy meters in the emerging power scenario. The addition of these features (not yet completely specified by international standards bodies) is feasible without significantly increasing meter/deployment cost. In addition, meters that conform to the P.1451.2 standard may be inter-networked through the World Wide Web, thereby opening a new vista in power system distributed monitoring, automation and control.
Perturbation Training Can Reduce Community-Dwelling Older Adults' Annual Fall Risk: A Randomized Controlled Trial (2014)

A single session of repeated-slip exposure could improve community-dwelling older adults' resilience to postural disturbances and, hence, significantly reduce their annual risk of falls.
Grain Size and the Compressive Strength of Ice (1985)

This work presents the results of uniaxial compression tests on freshwater polycrystalline ice. Grain size of the test material ranged from 1.5 to 5 mm, strain rate ranged from 10−6 to 10−2 s−1 and the temperature was −5°C. The grain size effect emerged clearly as the strain rate increased to 10−5 s−1 and persisted to the highest applied strain rates. On average, the stated increase in grain size brought about a decrease in peak stress of approximately 31 percent. The occurrence of the grain size effect coincided with the onset of visible cracking. The strength of the material increased to a maximum at a strain rate of 10−3 s−1, and then dropped somewhat as the strain rate increased further to 10−2 s−1. Strain at peak stress generally tended to decrease with both increasing grain size and increasing strain rate. The results are discussed in terms of the deformational mechanisms which lead to the observed behavior.
Loss of PBRM1 expression is associated with renal cell carcinoma progression (2012)

Although von Hippel-Lindau (VHL) tumor suppressor gene alterations dominate the genetic landscape of clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC), recent studies have identified new ccRCC genes, including SETD2, KDM6A, KDM5C, BAP1 and PBRM1. Strikingly, all these genes fall into a category of histone/chromatin regulators. Polybromo-1 (PBRM1) is the second most frequently mutated gene after VHL; however, the clinical relevance of its loss in ccRCC has not yet been reported. Here, we analyzed the expression of PBRM1, the product encoded by PBRM1, in ccRCC cell lines and in more than 300 RCC tumor samples. The data were correlated with clinicopathological parameters and VHL mutation status. We found that a significant number of ccRCC cancer cell lines lack detectable PBRM1 expression. Loss of PBRM1 was predominant in the clear cell subtype of RCC (~ 70%) and correlated with advanced tumor stage (p < 0.0001), low differentiation grade (p = 0.0002) and worse patient outcome (p = 0.025), but not with the VHL mutation status. Our results indicate a critical role for PBRM1 in the suppression of ccRCC progression. Moreover, the results suggest that functional inactivation of PBRM1 in the context of pVHL loss-of-function may represent a key event in facilitating the development of key aspects of an aggressive tumor behavior. Given the role of PBRM1 in chromatin modification, the gene expression pathways disrupted by the inactivation of this protein may lead to new treatment strategies for ccRCC.
Vehicular Channel Characterization and Its Implications for Wireless System Design and Performance (2011)

To make transportation safer, more efficient, and less harmful to the environment, traffic telematics services are currently being intensely investigated and developed. Such services require dependable wireless vehicle-to-infrastructure and vehicle-to-vehicle communications providing robust connectivity at moderate data rates. The development of such dependable vehicular communication systems and standards requires accurate models of the propagation channel in all relevant environments and scenarios. Key characteristics of vehicular channels are shadowing by other vehicles, high Doppler shifts, and inherent nonstationarity. All have major impact on the data packet transmission reliability and latency. This paper provides an overview of the existing vehicular channel measurements in a variety of important environments, and the observed channel characteristics (such as delay spreads and Doppler spreads) therein. We briefly discuss the available vehicular channel models and their respective merits and deficiencies. Finally, we discuss the implications for wireless system design with a strong focus on IEEE 802.11p. On the road towards a dependable vehicular network, room for improvements in coverage, reliability, scalability, and delay are highlighted, calling for evolutionary improvements in the IEEE 802.11p standard. Multiple antennas at the onboard units and roadside units are recommended to exploit spatial diversity for increased diversity and reliability. Evolutionary improvements in the physical (PHY) and medium access control (MAC) layers are required to yield dependable systems. Extensive references are provided.
Transport mechanism in ambipolar pentacene organic thin film transistors with lithium fluoride gate dielectric (2011)

Views Icon Views Article contents Figures & tables Video Audio Supplementary Data Peer Review Share Icon Share Twitter Facebook Reddit LinkedIn Tools Icon Tools Reprints and Permissions Cite Icon Cite Search Site Citation R. Rahimi, D. Korakakis; Transport mechanism in ambipolar pentacene organic thin film transistors with lithium fluoride gate dielectric. J. Appl. Phys. 1 July 2011; 110 (1): 013702. https://doi.org/10.1063/1.3597323 Download citation file: Ris (Zotero) Reference Manager EasyBib Bookends Mendeley Papers EndNote RefWorks BibTex toolbar search Search Dropdown Menu toolbar search search input Search input auto suggest filter your search All ContentAIP Publishing PortfolioJournal of Applied Physics Search Advanced Search |Citation Search
Hypertensive Disorders and Severe Obstetric Morbidity in the United States (2009)

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Adrenal incidentalomas: A manifestation of the metabolic syndrome? (1996)

Recent evidence suggests that insulin is mitogenic on the adrenal cortex and stimulates adrenocortical tumor formation. We, investigated whether hyperinsulinemia is present in 13 patients with incidentally detected adrenal tumors. Patients with adrenal incidentalomas were obese (mean BMI 29.7 +/- 1.2 kg/m2, normal < 25; % body fat 35 +/- 1.5%, normal < 30%) with increased abdominal fat deposition (waist to hip ratio 0.92 +/- 0.02, normal < 0.85). All 13 patients were insulin resistant. Five had NIDDM, of the remaining patients 5 had fasting insulin concentrations above 15 microE/ml, and all 8 patients had elevated insulin concentrations after 75 g of glucose orally. To further investigate the potential role of insulin we examined its effects on the NCI-h295 cell line. Insulin (1-100 micrograms/ml) stimulated cell proliferation in a time and dose-dependent matter without affecting cortisol synthesis. At this concentrations insulin was equally potent to IGF I (10-80 ng/ml) or IGF II (10-100 ng/ml). We conclude that the majority of patients with adrenal incidentalomas are insulin-resistant/hyperinsulinemic. Insulin stimulates adrenal cancer cell lines in vitro. We propose that adrenal incidentalomas are a newly recognized manifestation of the metabolic syndrome comparable to insulin-mediated stimulation of the ovary in the polycystic ovary syndrome.
Dictionary of petroleum exploration, drilling & production (2015)

Contents: Drilling & completion records Rotary drilling rig Cable tool drilling rig Crank counterbalanced bean pumping unit Geological time scale Giant oil & gas fields Mineral properties Sandstone limestone classifications Carbonate porosity Common geological map & log symbols Drill stem test symbols Flow sheet symbols Land subdivisions (U.S.) Geological features (U.S. & Canada) Unit conversion factors Atomic weights & numbers Greek alphabet.
Food-Grade Nanoemulsions: Preparation, Stability and Application in Encapsulation of Bioactive Compounds (2019)

Nanoemulsions have attracted significant attention in food fields and can increase the functionality of the bioactive compounds contained within them. In this paper, the preparation methods, including low-energy and high-energy methods, were first reviewed. Second, the physical and chemical destabilization mechanisms of nanoemulsions, such as gravitational separation (creaming or sedimentation), flocculation, coalescence, Ostwald ripening, lipid oxidation and so on, were reviewed. Then, the impact of different stabilizers, including emulsifiers, weighting agents, texture modifiers (thickening agents and gelling agents), ripening inhibitors, antioxidants and chelating agents, on the physicochemical stability of nanoemulsions were discussed. Finally, the applications of nanoemulsions for the delivery of functional ingredients, including bioactive lipids, essential oil, flavor compounds, vitamins, phenolic compounds and carotenoids, were summarized. This review can provide some reference for the selection of preparation methods and stabilizers that will improve performance in nanoemulsion-based products and expand their usage.
Oligonucleotide Delivery with Cell Surface Binding and Cell Penetrating Peptide Amphiphile Nanospheres (2015)

A drug delivery system designed specifically for oligonucleotide therapeutics can ameliorate the problems associated with the in vivo delivery of these molecules. The internalization of free oligonucleotides is challenging, and cytotoxicity is the main obstacle for current transfection vehicles. To develop nontoxic delivery vehicles for efficient transfection of oligonucleotides, we designed a self-assembling peptide amphiphile (PA) nanosphere delivery system decorated with cell penetrating peptides (CPPs) containing multiple arginine residues (R4 and R8), and a cell surface binding peptide (KRSR), and report the efficiency of this system in delivering G-3129, a Bcl-2 antisense oligonucleotide (AON). PA/AON (peptide amphiphile/antisense oligonucleotide) complexes were characterized with regards to their size and secondary structure, and their cellular internalization efficiencies were evaluated. The effect of the number of arginine residues on the cellular internalization was investigated by both flow cytometry and confocal imaging, and the results revealed that uptake efficiency improved as the number of arginines in the sequence increased. The combined effect of cell penetration and surface binding property on the cellular internalization and its uptake mechanism was also evaluated by mixing R8-PA and KRSR-PA. R8 and R8/KRSR decorated PAs were found to drastically increase the internalization of AONs compared to nonbioactive PA control. Overall, the KRSR-decorated self-assembled PA nanospheres were demonstrated to be noncytotoxic delivery vectors with high transfection rates and may serve as a promising delivery system for AONs.
Interferon-  Yields from Sendai Virus-induced Human Leukocyte Cultures Are Enhanced by Lowering the Incubation Temperature (1984)

Increased yields of Sendai virus-induced human leukocyte interferon (IFN-alpha) were obtained by lowering the incubation temperature from the initial 37 degrees C within 1 to 6 h after the addition of virus. Maximal stimulation was found when this was done 2 to 4 h after induction and when the lowered temperature was between 29 and 32 degrees C. Compared to cultures kept at 37 degrees C throughout, the resulting IFN-alpha yields were enhanced by 2.5- to 3-fold. This was mainly due to prolonged synthesis of IFN-alpha, which could be observed up to 20 h after induction, whereas in cultures kept at 37 degrees C the production of IFN-alpha had practically ceased approx. 10 h after the addition of virus.
EPS Current Tracking Method Research Based on Hybrid Sensitivity <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" id="M1"><mml:mrow><mml:msub><mml:mrow><mml:mi>H</mml:mi></mml:mrow><mml:mrow><mml:mi>∞</mml:mi></mml:mrow></mml:msub></mml:mrow></mml:math> Control Algorithm (2018)

For electric power steering system (EPS), road interference, noise of the sensor, and the uncertainty of the steering system may make EPS control effect and the driver's road sense worse. EPS system which takes advantage of good current tracking ability, good anti-interference ability, and good operation stability is becoming more and more important in automotive research. The traditional H ∞ control algorithm can solve the system uncertainty theoretically, but it cannot solve the contradiction between robustness and performance without considering the performance of the system. Therefore, this paper proposes a EPS current tracking method based on the hybrid sensitivity H ∞ control algorithm, which takes the current tracking performance as one of the control objectives, so that the system can maximize the robustness and performance. Firstly, the dynamic model of EPS is established. Then, the two-degree-of-freedom vehicle model and tire model are introduced. The state space equation of the system is constructed on the basis of the system state space with random disturbance signals, the hybrid sensitivity H ∞ controller is designed in the sensitivity index design, and the proposed algorithm can use weighting function to minimize the performance of the current tracking error as well as the robustness of the yaw rate error in response to robustness. Simulation analysis and experimental verification of EPS system are also carried out. The results show that the control method of the hybrid sensitivity H ∞ can better achieve EPS target current tracking, effectively suppress the effect of external interference and noise, improve the system performance and robustness, ensure the driver get good road sense, and improve the system of steering stability.
Silicon systems security and building a root of trust (2015)

This paper briefly presents a position that hardware-based roots of trust, integrated in silicon with System-on-Chip (SoC) solutions, represent the most current stage in a progression of technologies aimed at realizing the most foundational computer security concepts. A brief look at this historical progression from a personal perspective is followed by an overview of more recent developments, with particular focus on a root of trust for cryptographic key provisioning and SoC feature management aimed at achieving supply chain assurances and serves as a basis for trust that is linked to properties enforced in hardware. The author assumes no prior knowledge of these concepts and developments by the reader.