gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Fuel-efficient optimized profile descents with time control (2015)

4-D (3-dimensional position plus time) trajectory is an essential building block for both FAA's Next Generation Air Transportation Modernization (NextGen) program and the European Single European Sky ATM Research (SESAR) program. Under this 4-D trajectory concept, Flight Management Systems (FMSs) not only need to predict the 4-D trajectory of the aircraft but also to coordinate with the flight control system to track the planned 4-D trajectory within required positioning and timing thresholds. This 4-D trajectory architecture requires the FMS to ensure the aircraft arrive at a metering waypoint within 6 seconds or 30 seconds of its Required Time of Arrival (RTA), for waypoints on descent or in cruise, respectively. Most FMSs currently in production can comply with the RTA accuracy of 30 seconds at the 95% probability. However, most FMSs encounter significant difficulty in complying with the RTA accuracy of 6 seconds at the 95% probability for metering waypoints on descent due to technical challenges, such as much tighter timing threshold requirements, the true airspeed is continuously changing during descent, wind velocity varies over altitude, and standard descent speed profiles should be used. This paper presents a time control design that enables the FMS to not only comply with the RTA accuracy of 6 seconds but also execute a fuel-efficient 4-D trajectory. The proposed time control design is also cost-effective since it does not require any changes in existing auto pilot/auto-throttle systems. The Optimized Profile Descent (OPD) procedures are used in this paper to illustrate the performance of the proposed time control design. However, the applications of the proposed time control design are not limited to the Optimized Profile Descent flight procedure.
A pigmentation‐associated, differentiation antigen of human melanoma defined by a precipitating antibody in human serum (1983)

Antibodies in the serum of melanoma patient AU precipitate an antigen from 125I-labelled extracts of cultured autologous melanoma cells. The antigen, which is probably not a cell surface component, is present in other pigmented melanomas but not in non-pigmented melanomas or other tumor cell types, and the amount of antigen is correlated with the degree of pigmentation. These conclusions are based on absorption experiments with 11 pigmented melanomas, 8 non-pigmented melanomas, 3 astrocytomas, 12 carcinomas of various histological types, I leukemia, 2 EB-virus-transformed B lymphocyte lines, and human erythrocytes. The antigen was also detected in cultured human melanocytes. It has a molecular weight of 70,000, an isoelectric point of pH 5.3, and it binds to concanavalin A-Sepharose. Ninety-six sera from other melanoma patients were examined and none of them precipitated this antigen. As described previously, the serum from patient AU also has antibodies to a unique (Class I) tumor antigen found only on AU melanoma cells. The pigmentation-associated, differentiation antigen and the unique antigen are clearly different in their distribution, but some relationship between these unusual antibody responses is possible.
Efficient Real-Time R and QRS Detection Method Using a Pair of Derivative Filters and Max Filter for Portable ECG Device (2019)

Recently, with the active development of wearable electrocardiogram (ECG) devices such as smart-bands or portable ECG devices, efficient ECG signal processing technology that can be applied in real-time has been actively studied. However, a wearable ECG device is exposed to various noise situations, thereby reducing the reliability of the detected R point or QRS interval. In addition, as early warning techniques in healthcare systems have been studied, real-time ECG signal processing techniques have become very important in wearable ECG devices. In this paper, we propose an efficient real-time R and QRS detection method using two kinds of first-order derivative filters and a max filter to analyze ECG signals measured from wearable ECG devices in real-time. The proposed method detects the R point and QRS interval in units of a sliding window for real-time processing and combines the detected R points in each sliding window. Also, the reliability of the detected R points and RR intervals is examined through noise region analysis using the histogram characteristic of a sample point. The performance of the proposed method was verified by the MIT-BIH database (DB), CYBHi DB and real ECG data measured from the developed wearable ECG patch. The proposed method achieves Se = 99.80%, +P = 99.80%, and DER = 0.36% against MIT-BIH DB. In addition, the proposed method enables accurate R point detection and heart rate variability (HRV) analysis even with noisy ECG signals.
A novel crosslayer-aware transmission queue adaptation system using multiple physical links (2012)

Reduction of packet loss in communication network by modifying the transmit queue length is an important research topic. A cross layer aware transmission queue adaptation system of a fixed computing system having multiple physical interfaces is presented here. The proposed system determines the condition of communication channel/network associated with the multiple physical interfaces while transmitting and receiving the data simultaneously through the interfaces. The core functional blocks of the proposed cross layer system modifies the transmission queue length of the active physical interfaces based on their dynamic network condition, and available bandwidth. It does not require any feedback mechanism, as well as intervention of any router or any proxy node. The experimental results show the enhancement in throughput and hence the QoS by using the proposed transmission queue adaptation mechanism using multiple interfaces. A future scope of the present work in detail is also presented here.
Improved Impurity Profile of Phosphorothioate Oligonucleotides Through the Use of Dimeric Phosphoramidite Synthons (1997)

Abstract Phosphorothioate oligonucleotides synthesized through assembly of dimeric phosphoramidite synthons show a significantly improved impurity profile compared to oligomers synthesized through coupling of standard monomer phosphoramidites. A greater than 70% reduction of the (n-1)-mer population and a ca. 50% reduction of phosphodiester linkages has been achieved. Notes Nomenclature: T19 denotes a nonadecathymidylate phosphorothioate, (T2)9T and (TdC)9T indicate monomer assembly, (T 2)9T, (TdC)9T indicate dimer assembly, TdC indicates S-CE protection Cruachem, Inc., Glasgow, Scotland Columns: dT-CPG (1μmol) from Glen Research. Standard detritylation, capping and 1H-tetrazole solutions (Applied Biosystems). Amidites (0.1 M in CH3CN), coupling time 200 s. Sulfurization: 3H-1, 2-benzodithiol-3-one-1, 1-dioxide (0.2 M in CH3CN, R. I. Chemical, Orange, CA), 900 s (not optimized) Precise quantitation below 1% is difficult due to lack of baseline resolution. The actual value may be significantly lower.
RF interconnects for communications on-chip (2008)

In this paper, we propose a new way of implementing on-chip global interconnect that would meet stringent challenges of core-to-core communications in latency, data rate, and re-configurability for future chip-microprocessors (CMP) with efficient area and energy overheads. We discuss the limitation of traditional RC-limited interconnects and possible benefits of multi-band RF-interconnect (RF-I) through on-chip differential transmission lines. The physical implementation of RF-I and its projected performance versus overhead as the function of CMOS technology scaling are discussed as well
A resonance technique for the acoustic characterization of liquids in harsh environments (2014)

Accurate knowledge of a liquid's acoustic properties, such as sound speed as a function of temperature and pressure, is important for both basic and applied science. For basic science, sound speed is important for constraining thermodynamic equations-of-state as well as determining elastic nonlinearity parameters. From an applied perspective, sound speed can be used together with other properties to monitor fluid temperature, pressure, and composition. There are important applications, such as in oil/gas or geothermal well characterization, where it is desirable to measure sound speed in liquids in well bore under high pressure, high temperature, and in corrosive environments. However, few experimental sound speeds have been previously reported above 100°C even in liquids as common as water. This talk focuses on the development of a portable, rugged, resonance-based measurement cell for high precision (better than 0.1%) in-situ measurements of sound speed in high temperature, high pressure, and corrosive liquids. As an example of the technique, experimentally determined sound speeds in liquid water up to 250°C and 3000 psi will be presented. Acoustic nonlinearity in water, as determined from sound speed as a function of temperature and pressure, will also be discussed.
Discovery of MK-8718, an HIV Protease Inhibitor Containing a Novel Morpholine Aspartate Binding Group (2016)

A novel HIV protease inhibitor was designed using a morpholine core as the aspartate binding group. Analysis of the crystal structure of the initial lead bound to HIV protease enabled optimization of enzyme potency and antiviral activity. This afforded a series of potent orally bioavailable inhibitors of which MK-8718 was identified as a compound with a favorable overall profile.
Cross-coupled chaotic oscillators and application to random bit generation (2006)

Two integrated continuous-time chaotic oscillators based on cross-coupled −gm oscillators are presented and their application to random bit generation is described. Numerical and experimental results show that the generated binary streams pass standard randomness statistical tests. Simulation using Cadence verifies possible circuit operation in the RF range.
Production of Hollow Polymeric Microspheres by Surface-Confined Living Radical Polymerization on Silica Templates (2000)

Uniform hollow polymer microspheres were prepared by coating silica microsphere templates with poly(benzyl methacrylate) using surface-initiated controlled/living radical polymerization and subsequently removing the core by chemical etching. Shell thickness was controlled by varying the polymerization time. Scanning electron microscopy was used to characterize the products and to demonstrate that the polymer microspheres were hollow. FTIR spectroscopy showed that the silica cores were completely removed by etching.
The reduction of abnormal behaviors in individually housed rhesus monkeys (<i>Macaca mulatta</i>) with a foraging/grooming board (1991)

A new environmental enrichment device, termed a "foraging/grooming board," was presented to 8 individually housed rhesus monkeys for the explicit purpose of reducing the level of aberrant behaviors manifested by these animals. The device, consisting of a piece of plexiglass covered with artificial fleece, had particles of food treats rubbed into it and was attached to the outside of each animal's home cage. All animals foraged from the board to the point that a significant reduction in the level of abnormal behavior was noted. Most animals also groomed the fleece covering the board, utilizing the same motor patterns that would be directed toward grooming another monkey. These boards are inexpensive to construct and easy to sanitize, and do not require placing animal facility personnel at risk to maintain them.
Functional test generation for path delay faults (2002)

We present a novel test generation technique for path delay faults, based on the growth (G) and disappearance (D) faults of programmable logic arrays (PLA). The circuit is modeled as a PLA that is prime and irredundant with respect to every output. Certain tests for G faults, generated by using known efficient methods are transformed into tests for path delay faults. Our algorithm generates tests for all robustly detectable path delay faults in the two-level circuit and its multilevel implementation synthesized using algebraic transformations. Experimental results confirm that the generated vectors, beside robustly covering all path delay faults, also cover most stuck faults in the algebraically factored multilevel circuit. We present some of the best known timings and robust path delay fault coverages for the scan/hold versions of several ISCAS89 circuits, for which the PLA description could be obtained.
Comprehensive Glycomic Analysis of Haptoglobin in Gastrointestinal Cancer (2016)

Aberrant glycosylation in serum proteins are associated with many human diseases, including various types of cancer. In this study, we developed a comprehensive glycomic approach involving immunoaffinity purification, lectin blotting, and advanced MS techniques to discover potential biomarkers for gastrointestinal cancer, especially focus on colon and gastric cancer. Haptoglobin (Hp), a target glycoprotein that displays aberrant glycosylation during cancer development, was initially screened by blotting with various lectins. To discover novel aberrant glycans in colon and gastric cancer, we have analyzed glycosylation status of haptoglobin by lectin blotting. In particular, aleuria aurantia lectin (AAL, which is specific to fucosyl residues) reactivity with cancer Hp was higher than control groups. Moreover, by LC/MS analysis following PNGaseF treatment for purified Hp, several aberrant glycans were detected in Hp from sera of colon and gastric cancer patients. Increased levels of antennary branching and reduced levels of high-mannose type structures were observed in cancer patients. In addition, enhanced fucosylation at Asn 241 of the four potential N-glycosylation sites of Hp in sera of cancer patients was especially identified by site-specific analysis. Our findings indicate that glycome profiling of Hp will be a useful platform for gastrointestinal cancer biomarker discovery, rapidly identifying a number of potential diagnostic markers for colon and gastric cancer.
Improved USTB Titanium Production with a Ti<sub>2</sub>CO Anode Formed by Casting (2019)

Electrochemical extraction of titanium using a consumable anode of TiCxOy solid solution has been considered as a low-cost and environmentally friendly method. This method is normally referred to as the USTB process when using TiO2 as the starting material, or as the Chinuka process when using titanium ores as raw materials. However, scaling-up of this process is limited by anode preparation and slow electrochemical dissolution. Here, an arc furnace was used to prepare a Ti2CO solid solution that was cast to form a consumable anode for the electrochemical preparation of metallic titanium in a NaCl-KCl molten salt without low-valance titanium ions. The dissolution potential of the as-prepared Ti2CO solid solution is more negative than that of conventional powder sintering. A constant-current electrolysis was carried out in a NaCl-KCl molten salt at 1023 K. The results indicate that titanium ions were stably dissolved from Ti2CO anode into melts, and then metallic titanium was deposited on the cathode. It was confirmed that the cast Ti2CO solution was a promising consumable anode for the USTB process for stable and effective preparation of metallic titanium.
Development of improved vaccines for heartwater. (2003)

Heartwater is controlled by frequent application of acaricides, which is costly, creates endemic instability and has the potential of contaminating the environment. The live blood vaccine currently available has limitations because it is laborious and inconvenient to use, difficult to standardise and can transmit other blood-borne pathogens. The UF/USAID/SADC Heartwater Research Project has conducted research on the development of two types of vaccine for heartwater. The first-generation inactivated vaccine has been intensively tested in the laboratory and subsequently field tested in four southern African countries. It protects cattle, sheep and goats against mortality from heartwater challenge. It can be modified to incorporate any Ehrlichia ruminantium strain to provide protection from field challenge. The second-generation DNA vaccine containing genes encoding immunogenic E. ruminantium proteins has been developed and evaluated in the mouse model as well as in cattle and sheep. The use of improved vaccines against heartwater would have a positive impact on livestock farming in sub-Saharan Africa and the Caribbean and could be used to control the spread of heartwater if it were to be introduced into regions such as the United States.
Spatial Light Modulators with Integrated Phase Masks for Holographic Data Storage (2006)

A phase mask formed as a planarized relief structure within a few microns of the pixel plane of a ferroelectric liquid crystal SLM eliminates the DC Fourier-plane hotspot, eliminating the need for precision-aligned relay optics
<i>Pinnacle</i>: a fast, automatic and accurate method for detecting and quantifying protein spots in 2-dimensional gel electrophoresis data (2008)

Matlab code to implement Pinnacle is available from the authors upon request for non-commercial use.
Macrophage Migration Inhibitory Factor is Increased in the Urine of Patients With Urinary Tract Infection: Macrophage Migration Inhibitory Factor-Protein Complexes in Human Urine (2006)

Increased urine MIF amounts in patients with bacterial cystitis support our experimental evidence showing a role for MIF in pelvic visceral inflammation. The novel finding of an association of MIF with other urine proteins suggest that the physiologically relevant form of MIF may be an MIF-protein complex.
Schlieren unwrapped: distortion correction in digital focusing schlieren (2019)

Digital focusing schlieren relies on accurate mapping between a camera and a digital modulator or display system. Our early development of the technology was challenged by higher-order distortions in the optical systems. A simple perspective transform was adequate for lower-power lenses and smaller fields of view, but for wide fields and for highly sensitive configurations such as dark-field schlieren, correction terms were necessary. The Brown-Conrady model fitting implemented by OpenCV offered little improvement, so we developed a new distortion correction method that empirically optimizes the schlieren filter performance and constructs a map with phase unwrapping techniques borrowed from interferometry. This approach allows operation even with wider-angle lenses and finally makes dark-field schlieren practical. It also appears to improve the resilience of the grid generation with lower resolution camera systems, which is important for implementation in high speed schlieren imaging.
An ErbB receptor-derived peptide, Inherbin3, inhibits EGF-induced receptor activation, cell proliferation and cell migration (2007)

B104 ErbB receptor tyrosine kinases play crucial roles in tumourigenesis, and hence constitute attractive targets for structural drug design (Normanno et al., 2003). The ErbB receptors are activated by ligand-induced homo- and heterodimerization. Structural studies have revealed that ErbB receptor dimers are stabilized by receptor-receptor interactions, primarily mediated by a region in the second extracellular domain, termed the ‘dimerization arm’ (Schlessinger, 2002). The present study demonstrates that a peptide constituting the dimerization arm of ErbB3, termed Inherbin3, binds to the extracellular domains of all four ErbB receptors, with highest peptide binding affinity exhibited by the extracellular domains of ErbB1 and ErbB3. At the cellular level, Inherbin3 functions as an antagonist of epidermal growth factor (EGF)-ErbB1 signalling. Specifically, we show that Inherbin3 inhibits EGF-induced ErbB1 phosphorylation and serum-induced growth of two human ErbB1 overexpressing tumour cell lines, the head and neck cancer cell line HN-5 and the non-small cell lung cancer cell line A549. Furthermore, the present study shows that Inherbin3 inhibits serum-induced migration of A549 cells in a Boyden Chamber invasion assay. Finally, the effects of Inherbin3 are compared to the effects of known ErbB1 kinase inhibitors and the anti-ErbB1 monoclonal antibody Cetuximab, which are shown to have a stronger inhibitory effect on HN5 cell proliferation than Inherbin3, whereas their effects on A549 cells is considerably weaker than the effects of Inherbin3. In summary, the Inherbin3 peptide and similar ErbB-derived peptides constitute a potential therapeutic strategy for preventing ligand-induced dimerization of ErbB receptors, thereby interfering with their functions in tumourigenesis. Specifically, the present study indicates that Inherbin3 is a potential anti-cancer drug for treatment of ErbB1 overexpressing cancers.
Nano-scale optical and quantum optical devices based on photonic crystals (2003)

We review our theoretical and experimental work on functional optical devices based on planar photonic crystals. Beside standard photonic applications, these structures can also be used as building blocks of quantum networks.
Automatic generation of speech synthesis units based on closed loop training (2002)

This paper proposes a new method for automatically generating speech synthesis units. A small set of synthesis units is selected from a large speech database by the proposed closed loop training method (CLT). Because CLT is based on the evaluation and minimization of the distortion caused by the synthesis process such as prosodic modification: the selected synthesis units are most suitable for synthesizers. The CLT is applied to a waveform concatenation based synthesizer, whose basic unit is CV/VC (diphone). It is shown that synthesis units can be efficiently generated by CLT from a labeled speech database with a small amount of computation. Moreover, the synthesized speech is clear and smooth even though the storage size of the waveform dictionary is small.
High-performance short-wavelength infrared photodetectors based on type-II InAs/InAs1-xSbx/AlAs1−xSbx superlattices (2015)

A high-performance short-wavelength infrared n-i-p photodiode based on InAs/InAs1−xSbx/AlAs1−xSbx type-II superlattices on GaSb substrate has been demonstrated. The device is designed to have a 50% cut-off wavelength of ∼1.8 μm at 300 K. The photodetector exhibited a room-temperature (300 K) peak responsivity of 0.47 A/W at 1.6 μm, corresponding to a quantum efficiency of 37% at zero bias under front-side illumination, without any anti-reflection coating. With an R × A of 285 Ω cm2 and a dark current density of 9.6 × 10−5 A/cm2 under −50 mV applied bias at 300 K, the photodiode exhibited a specific detectivity of 6.45 × 1010 cm Hz1/2/W. At 200 K, the photodiode exhibited a dark current density of 1.3 × 10−8 A/cm2 and a quantum efficiency of 36%, resulting in a detectivity of 5.66 × 1012 cm Hz1/2/W.
CAPE: A Content-Addressable Processing Engine (2021)

Processing-in-memory (PIM) architectures attempt to overcome the von Neumann bottleneck by combining computation and storage logic into a single component. The content-addressable parallel processing paradigm (CAPP) from the seventies is an in-situ PIM architecture that leverages content-addressable memories to realize bit-serial arithmetic and logic operations, via sequences of search and update operations over multiple memory rows in parallel. In this paper, we set out to investigate whether the concepts behind classic CAPP can be used successfully to build an entirely CMOS-based, general-purpose microarchitecture that can deliver manyfold speedups while remaining highly programmable. We conduct a full-stack design of a Content-Addressable Processing Engine (CAPE), built out of dense push-rule 6T SRAM arrays. CAPE is programmable using the RISC-V ISA with standard vector extensions. Our experiments show that CAPE achieves an average speedup of 14 (up to 254) over an area-equivalent (slightly under 9 mm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> at 7 nm) out-of-order processor core with three levels of caches.