gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Fatty acid bile acid conjugates (FABACs)—New molecules for the prevention of cholesterol crystallisation in bile (2001)

BACKGROUND Cholesterol gall stones are a frequent disease for which at present surgery is the usual therapy. Despite the importance of bile acids it has become evident that phospholipids are the main cholesterol solubilisers in bile. Even phospholipid components, such as fatty acids, have anticrystallising activity. AIM To synthesise fatty acid bile acid conjugates (FABACs) and study their effects on cholesterol crystallisation in bile in vitro and in vivo. METHODS FABACs were prepared by conjugation of cholic acid at position 3 with saturated fatty acids of variable chain length using an amide bond. Cholesterol crystallisation and its kinetics (crystal observation time, crystal mass) were studied in model bile, pooled enriched human bile, and fresh human bile using FABACs with saturated fatty acids of varying chain length (C-6 to C-22). Absorption of FABACs into blood and bile was tested in hamsters. Prevention of biliary cholesterol crystallisation in vivo was tested in hamsters and inbred mice. RESULTS FABACs strongly inhibited cholesterol crystallisation in model as well as native bile. The FABACs with longer acyl chains (C-16 to C-22) were more effective. At a concentration of 5 mM, FABACs almost completely inhibited cholesterol crystallisation in fresh human bile for 21 days. FABACs were absorbed and found in both portal and heart blood of hamsters. Levels in bile were 2–3 times higher than in blood, indicating active secretion. Appreciable levels were found in the systemic circulation 24–48 hours after a single administration. Ingested FABACs completely prevented the formation of cholesterol crystals in the gall bladders of hamsters and mice fed a lithogenic diet. CONCLUSIONS FABACs are potent inhibitors of cholesterol crystallisation in bile. They are absorbed and secreted into bile and prevent the earliest step of cholesterol gall stone formation in animals. These compounds may be of potential use in cholesterol gall stone disease in humans.
Group searching and proportion combination based disparity vector derivation for 3D-HEVC (2014)

This paper proposes a novel fast disparity vector derivation algorithm to get the neighbor block disparity vector (NBDV) for 3D High Efficiency Video Coding (3D-HEVC) texture inter-view coding. In the current 3D-HEVC design, it is observed that the simplified CU (coding unit)-based disparity vector derivation method is faster than the method of full searching, but the quality of the derived vector can be improved. A novel group searching and proportion combination based disparity vector derivation algorithm is proposed in this paper that improves the accuracy of the NBDV and maintains the process efficiency in the meantime. The test results of the proposed algorithm report maximum 0.04% PSNR/bitrate improving and 0.05% bit-saving with the same efficiency of the existing fast method under the Common Testing Condition (CTC).
Iterative extended field of view reconstruction (2007)

Incomplete data due to the object extent beyond the scanning field of view (SFOV) is a common problem in computed tomography. In these cases, there are parts of the object to be reconstructed for which only incomplete projections of less than 180<sup>o</sup> are available. Applying iterative algorithms like algebraic reconstruction technique (ART) or simultaneous algebraic reconstruction Technique (SART) onto the problem of truncated projections can not produce a satisfying solution unless special constraints are used. To regularize the reconstruction algorithm, we extend iterative reconstruction algorithms by introducing information regarding the statistics of the attenuation values of the reconstructed object in terms of the log likelihood function of attenuation values. This information can be taken from the regions of the image still inside the SFOV but close to the region where the object exceeds the SFOV. The information can be utilized in an algebraic reconstruction method by adding a constraint term to the cost function that shall be minimized. Experiments show that for not severely truncated projections, as they are common for CT applications, including this information yields good estimates about the object.
Abstract C9: Response to cetuximab is associated with EGFR gene amplification in gastric cancinoma patient derived xenograft models. (2011)

Abstract Gastric carcinoma is a common cancer in Asia with high mortality and few effective treatment options, with the exception of Herceptin in erbb2 over-expressing gastric cancer patients. Cetuximab has been approved for CRC and H&N, but not yet for gastric carcinoma. In this study, we set out to explore potential clinical utilities by testing cetuximab in a cohort of gastric cancer patient derived xenograft (PDX) models. Among the 10 PDX models tested, all with wild type EGFR, 4 models (40%) were sensitive to cetuximab single agent treatment. Detailed gene expression and copy number variation analysis revealed that these 4 models have amplified EGFR gene, and correspondingly high EGFR mRNA expression level. In contrast, none of the 6 resistant models demonstrated EGFR amplification. The strong association suggests that EGFR gene amplification is a major driver for the maintenance of gastric cancer. In summary, by modeling clinical trial, our studies using large panel PDXs has identified a promising predictive biomarker for cetuximab responsiveness in gastric carcinoma patients. Further clinical investigation on patients with EGFR gene amplification is warranted. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR-NCI-EORTC International Conference: Molecular Targets and Cancer Therapeutics; 2011 Nov 12-16; San Francisco, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Mol Cancer Ther 2011;10(11 Suppl):Abstract nr C9.
Particle Size Determination by Impact Measurement in Pneumatically Conveyed Solids (2001)

A technique is described for measuring particle size in pneumatically conveyed powders. Particle size is inferred from measurement of the peak compression of a specially designed ultrasonic transducer subject to impact of the particles. The technique is well adapted to measure the coarser fractions of the particle size distribution, which have the largest compressions. Monitoring coarse fractions of powder distributions is essential for control of dry grinding processes such as those used in the cement and coal industries. In the laboratory the impact size monitor (ISM) has demonstrated the ability to discriminate between powders with a difference in peak particle size of 2% at an approximate peak size of 150 microns. The ISM operated successfully in the laboratory at a loading of 0.5 kg/m3 of powder and measured particles down to 50 microns in size. As well as size information the ISM can provide powder distribution across a pneumatic transport pipe.
A Systems Biology View of Responses to Lignin Biosynthesis Perturbations in<i>Arabidopsis</i>  (2012)

Lignin engineering is an attractive strategy to improve lignocellulosic biomass quality for processing to biofuels and other bio-based products. However, lignin engineering also results in profound metabolic consequences in the plant. We used a systems biology approach to study the plant's response to lignin perturbations. To this end, inflorescence stems of 20 Arabidopsis thaliana mutants, each mutated in a single gene of the lignin biosynthetic pathway (phenylalanine ammonia-lyase1 [PAL1], PAL2, cinnamate 4-hydroxylase [C4H], 4-coumarate:CoA ligase1 [4CL1], 4CL2, caffeoyl-CoA O-methyltransferase1 [CCoAOMT1], cinnamoyl-CoA reductase1 [CCR1], ferulate 5-hydroxylase [F5H1], caffeic acid O-methyltransferase [COMT], and cinnamyl alcohol dehydrogenase6 [CAD6], two mutant alleles each), were analyzed by transcriptomics and metabolomics. A total of 566 compounds were detected, of which 187 could be tentatively identified based on mass spectrometry fragmentation and many were new for Arabidopsis. Up to 675 genes were differentially expressed in mutants that did not have any obvious visible phenotypes. Comparing the responses of all mutants indicated that c4h, 4cl1, ccoaomt1, and ccr1, mutants that produced less lignin, upregulated the shikimate, methyl-donor, and phenylpropanoid pathways (i.e., the pathways supplying the monolignols). By contrast, f5h1 and comt, mutants that provoked lignin compositional shifts, downregulated the very same pathways. Reductions in the flux to lignin were associated with the accumulation of various classes of 4-O- and 9-O-hexosylated phenylpropanoids. By combining metabolomic and transcriptomic data in a correlation network, system-wide consequences of the perturbations were revealed and genes with a putative role in phenolic metabolism were identified. Together, our data provide insight into lignin biosynthesis and the metabolic network it is embedded in and provide a systems view of the plant's response to pathway perturbations.
All-optical, all-fiber circulating shift register with inverter (1991)

An all-optical fiber-Sagnac interferometer switch and erbium amplifier have been combined to demonstrate a 254 bit circulating shift register with an inverter.
An Attention-based Recurrent Convolutional Network for Vehicle Taillight Recognition (2019)

Vehicle taillight recognition is an important application for automated driving, especially for intent prediction of ado vehicles and trajectory planning of the ego vehicle. In this work, we propose an end-to-end deep learning framework to recognize taillights, i.e. rear turn and brake signals, from a sequence of images. The proposed method starts with a Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) to extract spatial features, and then applies a Long Short-Term Memory network (LSTM) to learn temporal dependencies. Furthermore, we integrate attention models in both spatial and temporal domains, where the attention models learn to selectively focus on both spatial and temporal features. Our method is able to outperform the state of the art in terms of accuracy on the UC Merced Vehicle Rear Signal Dataset, demonstrating the effectiveness of attention models for vehicle taillight recognition.
Cloning of cDNAs Encoding the Human BAG1 Protein and Localization of the HumanBAG1Gene to Chromosome 9p12 (1996)

cDNAs encoding the human homolog of BAG1, a Bcl-2-binding protein with anti-apoptotic function, were cloned. DNA sequence analysis of human BAG1 cDNAs predicts a protein with an additional 55 amino acids at its NH2-terminus compared to the mouse protein. Immunoblot assays using monoclonal antibodies raised against bacterially produced h-BAG1 protein confirmed the larger size of the human protein (approximately 34 kDa) compared to mouse. PCR analysis of DNA from human x rodent somatic cell hybrids using human BAG1-specific primers localized the gene to human chromosome 9. Cosmid clones of h-BAG1 were obtained and used for fluorescence in situ hybridization analysis of normal metaphase chromosomes, thus localizing h-BAG1 to 9p12, a region associated with hereditary disorders that may involve developmental dysregulation of programmed cell death.
Development of Effective Numerical Model for Heavy Oil Production Using Steam-Assisted Gravity Drainage (2008)

Abstract One of the modem technologies for heavy oil and bitumen recovery is SAGD (Steam Assisted Gravity Drainage), which use two horizontal wells, one above the other with spacing 5-10m. Upper well is used for steam injection and creating the high-temperature steam chamber (SC). On the SC boundary the steam is condensing and water together with the heated oil flow downward into production well. Pressure and temperature (P/T) measurements in injection and production well are used to control production process. This data contains only indirect information about the steam chamber parameters and oil inflow profile along the well length, therefore various mathematical models should be used to interpret measurement results. P/T measurements interpretation, optimization of steam injection regime and analysis of reservoir heterogeneity influence on SAGD parameters are commonly performed on 3D models, which need tremendous computational resources and provide results within an inapplicable time (several days and even weeks) for field usage. Present work is devoted to development of the effective SAGD numerical model. It is based on the well admitted in literature assumption, that horizontal steam flow along the injection well prevail over the horizontal steam flow along the reservoir. Thus 3D simulation can be substituted for by the 1D simulations for the injector/producer connected with N 2D cross section reservoir models which are connected only through injection and production boreholes (an example is in paper4). Injection well model provides steam pressure/temperature profiles for 2D cross section models. In turn these models calculate profile of steam injection rate which is an input data for injection well model. Developed 1D + N*2D SAGD model can be used for fast SAGD simulation and for injectivity profile inversion from P/T data recorded in injection well. 1D model of injection well with tubing inside the well for steam injection at the heel and/or at the toe was developed. It assumes two phase (water/vapor) flow with ‘drift flux’ and heat exchange between tubing and annulus flow. Nevertheless, analysis of field data recorded by DTS in injector shows that assumption of joint flow of the water and vapor along the injector, and hence simultaneous injection of the vapor and the water in reservoir can be violated in some cases. Modification of the 1D injection well model with separated distributed vapor/water injection in the reservoir was developed. Simulation results obtained obtained with modified model are able to reproduce qualitatively field data behavior.
Hardware acceleration of the 3D finite-difference time-domain method (2004)

Although the importance of fast, accurate computational electromagnetic (CEM) solvers is readily apparent, how to construct them is not. By nature, CEM algorithms are both computationally and memory intensive. Furthermore, the serial nature of most software-based implementations does not take advantage of the inherent parallelism found in many CEM algorithms. In an attempt to exploit parallelism, supercomputers and computer clusters are employed. However, these solutions can be prohibitively expensive and frequently impractical. Thus, a CEM accelerator or CEM co-processor would provide the community with much-needed processing power. This would enable iterative designs and designs that would otherwise be impractical to analyze. To this end, we are developing a full-3D, hardware-based accelerator for the finite-difference time-domain (FDTD) method (K.S. Yee, IEEE Trans. Antennas and Propag., vol. 14, pp. 302-307, 1966). This accelerator provides speedups of up to three orders of magnitude over single-PC solutions and will surpass the throughputs of the PC clusters. In this paper, we briefly summarize previous work in this area, where it has fallen short, and how our work fills the void. We then describe the current status of this project, summarizing our achievements to date and the work that remains. We conclude with the projected results of our accelerator.
Planar optical components and systems based on dielectric metasurfaces (2017)

Miniaturized optical systems with planar form factors and low power consumption have many applications in wearable and mobile electronics, health monitoring devices, and as integral parts of medical and industrial equipment. Flat optical devices based on dielectric metasurfaces introduce a new approach for realization of such systems at low cost using conventional nanofabrication techniques. In this talk, I will present a summary of our recent work on dielectric metasurfaces that enable precise control of both polarization and phase with large transmission and high spatial resolution. Optical metasurface components such as high numerical aperture lenses, efficient wave plates, components with novel functionalities, and their potential applications will be discussed. I will also present the results of our efforts on developing multi-wavelength and dispersion engineered metasurfaces, as well as conformal, flexible, and tunable metasurfaces. Furthermore, by using metasurface cameras and planar retroreflectors as examples, I will introduce a vertical on-chip integration platform enabled by vertical stacking of multiple metasurfaces and active optoelectronic components. This vertical integration scheme introduces a new architecture for the on-chip integration of conventional and novel optical systems and enables their low-cost manufacturing.
Total internal reflection–evanescent coupler for fiber-to-waveguide integration of planar optoelectric devices (2004)

We present a method for parallel coupling from a single-mode fiber, or fiber ribbon, into a silicon-on-insulator waveguide for integration with silicon optoelectronic circuits. The coupler incorporates the advantages of the vertically tapered waveguides and prism couplers, yet offers the flexibility of planar integration. The coupler can be fabricated by use of either wafer polishing technology or gray-scale photolithography. When optimal coupling is achieved in our experimental setup, the coupler can be packaged by epoxy bonding to form a fiber-waveguide parallel coupler or connector. Two-dimensional electromagnetic calculation predicts a coupling efficiency of 77% (- 1.14-dB insertion loss) for a silicon-to-silicon coupler with a uniform tunnel layer. The coupling efficiency is experimentally achieved to be 46% (-3.4-dB insertion loss), excluding the loss in silicon and the reflections from the input surface and the output facet.
Lifetime and Stability of Silicon Nitride Nanopores and Nanopore Arrays for Ionic Measurements (2020)

Nanopores are promising for many applications including DNA sequencing and molecular filtration. Solid-state nanopores are preferable over their biological counterparts for applications requiring durability and operation under a wider range of external parameters, yet few studies have focused on optimizing their robustness. We report the lifetime and durability of pores and porous arrays in 10 to 100 nm-thick, low-stress silicon nitride (SiN<sub><i>x</i></sub>) membranes. Pores are fabricated using a transmission electron microscope (TEM) and/or electron beam lithography (EBL) and reactive ion etching (RIE), with diameters from 2 to 80 nm. We store them in various electrolyte solutions (KCl, LiCl, MgCl<sub>2</sub>) and record open pore conductance over months to quantify pore stability. Pore diameters increase with time, and diameter etch rate increases with electrolyte concentration from Δ<i>d</i>/Δ<i>t</i> ∼ 0.2 to ∼ 3 nm/day for 0.01 to 3 M KCl, respectively. TEM confirms the range of diameter etch rates from ionic measurements. Using electron energy loss spectroscopy (EELS), we observe a N-deficient region around the edges of TEM-drilled pores. Pore expansion is caused by etching of the Si/SiO<sub>2</sub> pore walls, which resembles the dissolution of silicon found in minerals such as silica (SiO<sub>2</sub>) in salty ocean water. The etching process occurs where the membrane was exposed to the electron beam and can result in pore formation. However, coating pores with a conformal 1 nm-thick hafnium oxide layer prevents expansion in 1 M KCl, in stark contrast to bare SiN<sub><i>x</i></sub> pores (∼ 1.7 nm/day). EELS data reveal the atomic composition of bare and HfO<sub>2</sub>-coated pores.
Hydrodynamic Lubrication Effects of Multiple Circular Bump Pattern for a Thrust Sliding Bearing of a Scroll Compressor (2012)

The optimum texturing pattern for a thrust sliding bearing of a scroll compressor was investigated. As the basis of lubrication analysis for multiple circular bumps pattern, fundamental hydrodynamic lubrication effects of the axisymmetric circular geometry expressed by the power law formula were analyzed using elastohydrodynamic lubrication (EHL) analysis. The optimum geometry to improve the load carrying capacity and reduce frictional force for the model geometry was discussed. Frictional properties of the proposed thrust bearings were experimentally evaluated and compared with numerically predicted properties. In order to clarify the robustness against accidental high load, seizure limits of a circular bump pattern were experimentally evaluated. These results show that the initial frictional properties are able to control by the crowning profile, the proposed pattern has a sufficiently low friction coefficient and quite a high seizure limits.
Effect of oxygen pressure on Tl2Ca2Ba2Cu3O10±δ formation (1992)

We investigated the formation of Tl2Ca2Ba2Cu3O10±δ as a function of oxygen pressure and temperature. Our results explain some previous difficulties in forming single-phase Tl2Ca2Ba2Cu3O10±δ and suggest new routes for making bulk and thin-film Tl-Ca-Ba-Cu-O superconductors. In particular, we find that the temperature needed to form Tl2Ca2Ba2Cu3O10±δ can be greatly reduced by using low oxygen pressures during synthesis.
Adaptive Optics for Biological Imaging using Direct Wavefront Sensing (2013)

This presentation will be on the use of adaptive optics (AO) with direct wavefront sensing for biological imaging. Adaptive optics have been used in ground based astronomy to correct image aberrations caused by refraction as light passes through Earth’s turbulent atmosphere. As shown on the left in Figure One, light from the telescope has a distorted wavefront, as indicated by the wavy lines. A wavefront sensor measures these distortions and applies the opposite shape on an adaptive mirror using a feedback control system. After reflection from the adaptive mirror a corrected wavefront is generated and is recorded by a high-resolution camera. An image of the planet Neptune before and after AO correction is shown on the right in Figures 1(a) and 1(b). After correction the cloud structure on Neptune can be resolved in 1(b)
<title>In-orbit calibration of emission sensors using limb observations</title> (2000)

It is shown that the retrieval of temperature and pressure profiles can be obtained from vertically resolved limb emission measurements without requiring absolute radiance calibration. Only relative spectral and spatial response functions are required. The retrieved temperature and pressure profiles define the thermal IR source function, allowing absolute calibration of the flux input to channels sensing gases with known spectral parameters and mixing ratio. These calibration concepts have now been demonstrated using data from the Limb Infrared Monitor of the Stratosphere instrument on Nimbus 7.
Multifrequency piezoelectric horn system (1985)

Views Icon Views Article contents Figures & tables Video Audio Supplementary Data Peer Review Share Icon Share Twitter Facebook Reddit LinkedIn Tools Icon Tools Reprints and Permissions Cite Icon Cite Search Site Citation Michio Kudo, Tatsuo Fukami, Rinpei Hayashibe; Multifrequency piezoelectric horn system. J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 1 November 1985; 78 (5): 1931. https://doi.org/10.1121/1.392689 Download citation file: Ris (Zotero) Reference Manager EasyBib Bookends Mendeley Papers EndNote RefWorks BibTex toolbar search Search Dropdown Menu toolbar search search input Search input auto suggest filter your search All ContentAcoustical Society of AmericaThe Journal of the Acoustical Society of America Search Advanced Search |Citation Search