gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Statistical Predictive Modeling and Compensation of Geometric Deviations of Three-Dimensional Printed Products (2014)

Geometric fidelity of 3D printed products is critical for additive manufacturing (AM) to be a direct manufacturing technology. Shape deviations of AM built products can be attributed to multiple variation sources such as substrate geometry defect, disturbance in process variables, and material phase change. Three strategies have been reported to improve geometric quality in AM: (1) control process variables x based on the observed disturbance of process variables Δx, (2) control process variables x based on the observed product deviation Δy, and (3) control input product geometry y based on the observed product deviation Δy. This study adopts the third strategy which changes the computer-aided design (CAD) design by optimally compensating the product deviations. To accomplish the goal, a predictive model is desirable to forecast the quality of a wide class of product shapes, particularly considering the vast library of AM built products with complex geometry. Built upon our previous optimal compensation study of cylindrical products, this work aims at a novel statistical predictive modeling and compensation approach to predict and improve the quality of both cylindrical and prismatic parts. Experimental investigation and validation of polyhedrons a indicates the promise of predicting and compensating a wide class of products built through 3D printing technology.
Practical Spatial Hash Map Updates (2021)

Spatial hashing is a very efficient approach for storing sparse spatial data in a way that easily allows merging information among areas with similar properties. Though having a very simple core, this technique requires careful implementation to achieve high efficiency. In this chapter we first consider some key principles and implementation aspects. The original spatial hashing is initially limited to storing simple data types, which can be updated using atomic calls. The second part of this chapter adds support for arbitrary data storage in the hash map, while still guaranteeing the atomicity of the updates. We achieve this using on-the-fly generation of change lists for each modified hash map entry.
Novel plasma biomarker surrogating cerebral amyloid deposition (2014)

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common and devastating dementia. Simple and practical biomarkers for AD are urgently required for accurate diagnosis and to facilitate the development of disease-modifying interventions. The subjects for the study were selected on the basis of PiB amyloid imaging by PET. Forty PiB-positive (PiB+) individuals, including cognitively healthy controls (HC), and mild cognitive impairment and AD individuals, and 22 PiB-negative (PiB-) HC participated. Employing our novel highly sensitive immunoprecipitation-mass spectrometry, we measured plasma amyloid β-proteins (Aβs; Aβ1-40 and Aβ1-42) and Aβ-approximate peptides (AβAPs), which were cleaved from amyloid precursor protein (APP). Among the AβAPs, APP669-711 appeared to be a good reference for deciphering pathological change of Aβ1-42. We evaluated the performance of the ratio of APP669-711 to Aβ1-42 (APP669-711/Aβ1-42) as a biomarker. APP669-711/Aβ1-42 significantly increased in the PiB+ groups. The sensitivity and specificity to discriminate PiB+ individuals from PiB- individuals were 0.925 and 0.955, respectively. Our plasma biomarker precisely surrogates cerebral amyloid deposition.
Fast full‐color reflective display via photoluminescent enhancement (2012)

Abstract Reflective displays are advantageous in applications requiring low power or daylight readability. However, there are no low‐cost reflective technologies capable of displaying bright colors. By employing photoluminescence to more efficiently use ambient light, we created a prototype display that provides bright, full color in a simple, low‐cost architecture. This prototype includes a novel electrokinetic shutter, a layer that incorporates patterned luminescent red, green, and blue sub‐pixel elements, and a novel optical out‐coupling scheme. The luminescent elements convert otherwise‐wasted portions of the incident spectrum to light in the desired color band, resulting in improved color saturation and lightness. This prototype provides a color gamut that is superior to competing reflective display technologies that utilize color filters in single‐layer side‐by‐side sub‐pixel architectures. The current prototype is capable of switching in <0.5 s; future displays based on an alternative electro‐optic shutter technology should achieve video rate operation. A transflective version of this technology has also been prototyped. The transflective version utilizes its backlight with a power efficiency that is at least three times that of a conventional liquid crystal display. These photoluminescence‐based technologies enable a host of applications ranging from low‐power mobile products and retail pricing signage to daylight readable signage for outdoor advertising segments.
The murine <i>NF2</i> homologue encodes a highly conserved <i>merlin</i> protein with alternative forms (1994)

The recently isolated gene for neurofibromatosis type 2 (NF2) encodes a 595 amino acid protein, named merlin, which is related to the cytoskeleton-associated proteins moesin, ezrin and radixin. To identify evolutionarily conserved regions and to provide sequence information necessary for the establishment of a mouse model for NF2, we have determined the cDNA sequence of the mouse NF2 tumor suppressor gene, and mapped it in the mouse genome. Mouse merlin is a 596 amino acid protein, 98% identical to human merlin, but one amino acid longer due to the insertion of a proline residue near the C-terminus. Of the nine amino acid differences between mouse and humans, seven occur in the C-terminal 20% of the protein, far from the protein 4.1 domain that defines this family. Two of the NF2 cDNA clones reveal evidence of alternative splicing events that alter the predicted merlin product, one removing a 45 amino acid segment from the middle section of the protein and the other changing the C-terminus. The existence of several different forms of merlin potentially with different primary roles will complicate the identification of the precise function that must be disrupted to cause the NF2-associated tumors. The mouse NF2 homologue maps to Chr 11, in a region homologous to human Chr 22, but devoid of any mouse mutations which could be models of the human disorder.
Vehicle speed estimation using a monocular camera (2015)

In this paper, we describe a speed estimation method for individual vehicles using a monocular camera. The system includes the following: (1) object detection, which detects an object of interest based on a combination of motion detection and object classification and initializes tracking of the object if detected, (2) object tracking, which tracks the object over time based on template matching and reports its frame-to-frame displacement in pixels, (3) speed estimation, which estimates vehicle speed by converting pixel displacements to distances traveled along the road, (4) object height estimation, which estimates the distance from tracked point(s) of the object to the road plane, and (5) speed estimation with height-correction, which adjusts previously estimated vehicle speed based on estimated object and camera heights. We demonstrate the effectiveness of our algorithm on 30/60 fps videos of 300 vehicles travelling at speeds ranging from 30 to 60 mph. The 95-percentile speed estimation error was within ±3% when compared to a lidar-based reference instrument. Key contributions of our method include (1) tracking a specific set of feature points of a vehicle to ensure a consistent measure of speed, (2) a high accuracy camera calibration/characterization method, which does not interrupt regular traffic of the site, and (3) a license plate and camera height estimation method for improving accuracy of individual vehicle speed estimation. Additionally, we examine the impact of spatial resolution on accuracy of speed estimation and utilize that knowledge to improve computation efficiency. We also improve accuracy and efficiency of tracking over standard methods via dynamic update of templates and predictive local search.
Spiro[(2,3‐dihydro‐2‐oxo‐imidazo[1,2‐<i>a</i>]pyridine)‐3,3‐(3,4‐dihydro‐2‐methyl‐4‐oxo‐2<i>H</i>‐1,2‐benzothiazine 1,1‐dioxide)]‐A novel product derived from piroxicam (1985)

Abstract A novel compound, spiro[(2,3‐dihydro‐2‐oxo‐imidazo[1,2‐ a ]pyridine)‐3,3‐(3,4‐dihydro‐2‐methyl‐4‐oxo‐2 H ‐1,2‐benzothiazine 1,1‐dioxide)] (3) , was isolated during an attempt to convert 4‐hydroxy‐2‐methyl‐ N ‐(2‐pyridinyl)‐2 H ‐1,2‐benzothiazine‐3‐carboxamide 1,1‐dioxide ( 1 ) (Piroxicam) to an O ‐trifluoromethanesulfonyl ester. A possible mechanism is offered to explain this unusual transformation.
Neuroproteomics and Systems Biology Approach to Identify Temporal Biomarker Changes Post Experimental Traumatic Brain Injury in Rats (2016)

Traumatic brain injury (TBI) represents a critical health problem of which diagnosis, management, and treatment remain challenging. TBI is a contributing factor in approximately one-third of all injury-related deaths in the United States. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention estimate that 1.7 million people suffer a TBI in the United States annually. Efforts continue to focus on elucidating the complex molecular mechanisms underlying TBI pathophysiology and defining sensitive and specific biomarkers that can aid in improving patient management and care. Recently, the area of neuroproteomics-systems biology is proving to be a prominent tool in biomarker discovery for central nervous system injury and other neurological diseases. In this work, we employed the controlled cortical impact (CCI) model of experimental TBI in rat model to assess the temporal-global proteome changes after acute (1 day) and for the first time, subacute (7 days), post-injury time frame using the established cation-anion exchange chromatography-1D SDS gel electrophoresis LC-MS/MS platform for protein separation combined with discrete systems biology analyses to identify temporal biomarker changes related to this rat TBI model. Rather than focusing on any one individual molecular entity, we used <i>in silico</i> systems biology approach to understand the global dynamics that govern proteins that are differentially altered post-injury. In addition, gene ontology analysis of the proteomic data was conducted in order to categorize the proteins by molecular function, biological process, and cellular localization. Results show alterations in several proteins related to inflammatory responses and oxidative stress in both acute (1 day) and subacute (7 days) periods post-TBI. Moreover, results suggest a differential upregulation of neuroprotective proteins at 7 days post-CCI involved in cellular functions such as neurite growth, regeneration, and axonal guidance. Our study is among the first to assess temporal neuroproteome changes in the CCI model. Data presented here unveil potential neural biomarkers and therapeutic targets that could be used for diagnosis, for treatment and, most importantly, for temporal prognostic assessment following brain injury. Of interest, this work relies on <i>in silico</i> bioinformatics approach to draw its conclusion; further work is conducted for functional studies to validate and confirm the omics data obtained.
Improved red color with cholesteric liquid crystals in Bragg reflection mode (2002)

The helical pitch of the cholesteric liquid crystal (CLC) can be adjusted to reflect the colors red, green, and blue. Additive mixing of these colors in displays results in multicolor images and it is easy to use pure primary blue and green colors, but the red color is in general very unsaturated. We show by simulations that this poor red color performance is due to reflection sidebands on the smaller wavelength side of the normal red Bragg reflection band. We discuss five approaches to improve the red color performance, namely, two types of spectral filtering (dyes or filters), a very low birefringence CLC, a gradient in the birefringence of the CLC, and the use of a bluish reflector. The two methods of spectral filtering are also experimentally tested. Â© 2002 Society of Photo-Optical Instrumentation Engineers.
Changes in the molecular adsorption properties of pitch-based activated carbon fibres by air oxidation (1992)

Pitch-based activated carbon fibres (ACFs) have been oxidized at 373–1173 K for 1 h under an ambient atmosphere. The weight loss was measured and the change in the microporosity with the oxidation temperature was examined by N2 adsorption measurements. No change, even in the ACF oxidized at 1173 K was observed by scanning electron microscopy. The adsorption activities of the oxidized pitch-based ACFs for NH3, H2O and SO2 at 303 K (at 273–323 K in the case of NH3 adsorption) was determined. The relationship between the adsorption activity and the microporosity was discussed. The pitch-based ACF oxidized at 773 K showed the greatest adsorptivities for H2O and NH3 without a decrease in the micropore volume; also a slight enhancement of the isosteric heat of adsorption for SO2 was observed for the sample oxidized at 773 K. This behaviour could be caused by transformation of strong acidic groups such as –CO2H to weaker ones.
A Method for Noninvasive Determination of Inspiratory Resistance during Proportional Assist Ventilation (2001)

Currently available noninvasive methods for measuring inspiratory resistance (RI) are difficult to implement or interpret during assisted mechanical ventilation on account of the confounding effect of respiratory efforts (Pmus). We propose a simple method consisting of brief reductions in airway pressure (Paw) in the early part of the inflation phase (pulse). Paw, flow (V), and volume (V) are measured at the beginning of the pulse (T (0)), at the trough of the pulse (TI) and at a point 0.1 s before T(0) (T(-1)). Equations of motion of the form [Pmus + Paw = V. K(1) + V (2). K(2) +V. E] are generated for the data at the three time points (E = elastance, K(1) and K(2) are Rohrer's constants). These three equations can be solved for K(1) and K(2) if it is arranged that the pulse has appropriate configuration and timing, and if it is assumed that DeltaPmus/Deltat is constant over the brief pulse period. The method was tested in 67 patients ventilated with proportional assist ventilation (PAV). The results were compared with those obtained using the interrupter technique during a period of controlled mechanical ventilation (CMV). RI, expressed at a standard flow of 1 L. s(-)(1), was slightly higher during PAV (16.4 +/- 4.9 versus 15.5 +/- 4.5 cm H(2)O. L(-1). s, p < 0.001). The average difference was 0.9 +/- 2.0 cm H(2)O. L(-1). s, corresponding to 5.4 +/- 12.6% of the average of RCMV and RPAV. The correlation coefficient was 0.92 (p = 8E-28) with a slope (1.01) and intercept (0.8) not significantly different from 1.0 and 0, respectively. We conclude that brief negative pulses applied early during the inflation phase can be used to provide reliable estimates of inspiratory resistance during PAV.
Modulation characteristics of semiconductor Mach-Zehnder optical modulators (1997)

The transmission and chirp characteristics are described for two types of semiconductor Mach-Zehnder modulators, distinguished by the differential phase shift between the two arms of the interferometer in the unbiased state. The conventional modulator has a differential phase shift of 0 radians, while the /spl pi/-shift modulator has a differential phase shift of /spl pi/ radians. The nonlinear dependence on the applied voltage of the attenuation and phase constants of the optical signal propagating in the p-i-n waveguide leads to different characteristics for the two modulators. The influence of the splitting ratio of the Y-junctions is considered for single-arm and dual-arm (push-pull) modulation formats. The /spl pi/-shift modulator is shown to yield better transmission performance for 10 Gb/s systems compared to the conventional modulator.
Analog clutter cancellation algorithms for dynamic range reduction (1993)

A technique that effectively reduces the dynamic range of the input signal in a radar receiver prior to digitization is presented. The dynamic range reduction is accomplished through a process that predicts the next radar return signal from the previous return signals, generates a replica waveform, and subtracts this replica waveform from the radar return signal prior to digitization. This process allows the radar return signal to be digitized without distortion by an analog-to-digital converter (ADC) having a limited dynamic range. The full dynamic range of the radar return signal is then restored by adding the replica waveform to the ADC output. Test and evaluation results using both synthetic and recorded radar data demonstrate in excess of a 30-dB reduction in the dynamic range of the signal at the ADC input when strong clutter is present.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Correlation of ultrasonic scatterer size estimates for the statistical analysis and optimization of angular compounding (2004)

Ultrasonic scatterer size estimates generally have large variances due to the inherent noise of spectral estimates used to calculate size. Compounding partially correlated size estimates associated with the same tissue, but produced with data acquired from different angles of incidence, is an effective way to reduce the variance without making dramatic sacrifices in spatial resolution. This work derives theoretical approximations for the correlation between these size estimates, and the coherence between their associated spectral estimates, as functions of ultrasonic system parameters. A Gaussian spatial autocorrelation function is assumed to adequately model scatterer shape. Both approximations compare favorably with simulation results, which consider validation near the focus. Utilization of the correlation/coherence expressions for statistical analysis and optimization is discussed. Approximations, such as the invariance of phase and amplitude terms with angle, are made to obtain closed-form solutions to the derived spectral coherence near the focus and permit analytical optimization analysis. Results indicate that recommended parameter adjustments for performance improvement generally depend upon whether, for the system under consideration, the primary source of change in total coherence with rotation is phase term variation due to the change in the relative position of scattering sites, or field amplitude term variation due to beam movement.
Conduct-as-Cast Polymer Monoliths as Separation Media for Capillary Electrochromatography (2001)

We have developed porous polymer monoliths (PPMs) that are versatile and robust reversed-phase chromatography media. The PPMs are cast-to-shape, UV-cured polymers that form uniform packings within pretreated glass capillaries and fused-silica chips. No applied pressure is ever needed to flush the PPMs since they support electroosmotic flow as cast. Such characteristics make the PPMs useful for chip-based devices. Our results show efficiencies greater than or equal to 150,000 plates/m for both capillary and chip-based separations of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons. By changing the monomers, the hydrophobicity of the polymers, and the direction of the electroosmotic flow can be altered without degrading chromatographic performance. We describe here the development of these acrylate-based materials along with both physical and chromatographic characterization.
Multichannel optical frequency-locked multicarrier source generation based on multichannel recirculation frequency shifter loop (2012)

We propose and experimentally demonstrate a novel scheme to generate multichannel optical frequency-locked multicarrier by using multichannel recirculating frequency shifter (MC-RFS) loop. By using MC-RFS loop, we can generate N channels subcarriers each round trip without interference. These subcarriers of each channel are stable and frequency-locked, which can be used for a multichannel WDM source. Finally, the double channels RFS loop is carried out for demonstration in our experiment with double-carriers source. Using this scheme, we successfully generate 54 frequency-locked subcarriers with 25 GHz frequency spacing in two channels and each channel has 27 tones.
Effects of excess centromeres and excess telomeres on chromosome loss rates. (1991)

The linear chromosomes of eukaryotes contain specialized structures to ensure their faithful replication and segregation to daughter cells. Two of these structures, centromeres and telomeres, are limited, respectively, to one and two copies per chromosome. It is possible that the proteins that interact with centromere and telomere DNA sequences are present in limiting amounts and could be competed away from the chromosomal copies of these elements by additional copies introduced on plasmids. We have introduced excess centromeres and telomeres into Saccharomyces cerevisiae and quantitated their effects on the rates of loss of chromosome III and chromosome VII by fluctuation analysis. We show that (i) 600 new telomeres have no effect on chromosome loss; (ii) an average of 25 extra centromere DNA sequences increase the rate of chromosome III loss from 0.4 x 10(-4) events per cell division to 1.3 x 10(-3) events per cell division; (iii) centromere DNA (CEN) sequences on circular vectors destabilize chromosomes more effectively than do CEN sequences on 15-kb linear vectors, and transcribed CEN sequences have no effect on chromosome stability. We discuss the different effects of extra centromere and telomere DNA sequences on chromosome stability in terms of how the cell recognizes these two chromosomal structures.
Total Synthesis of Ningalin D (2005)

A concise (nine-step) and effective (19% overall yield) total synthesis of ningalin D (1a) is disclosed and is based on a key 1,2,4,5-tetrazine --> 1,2-diazine --> pyrrole Diels-Alder strategy to assemble a fully substituted pyrrole core central to its structure. Additional highlights of the synthesis include a double Dieckmann condensation to introduce the C and D aryl rings enlisting substituents judiciously placed on the dienophile and intrinsic to the widely used tetrazine 2, a highly effective Suzuki coupling of the resulting C and D phenol triflates for introduction of the sterically demanding F and G aryl rings, and an unusually effective formal oxidative decarboxylation reaction cascade initiated by a Curtius rearrangement to directly provide the biphenylene quinone methide found imbedded in the structure of ningalin D. The cytotoxic and multidrug resistance (MDR) reversal activity of ningalin D, its derivatives, and the key synthetic intermediates are detailed.