gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Optical data processing technique for optical communication switch node (2000)

Electronic solutions are limited by pin-out and the capacitance/inductance of interconnections. Therefore, large broadband optical switch nodes require novel hardware solutions that can benefit from the inclusion of self- routing optical data switching and optical interconnect network. A novel self-routing optical data switching technique for an optical communication switch node has been analyzed and demonstrated by using a vertical cavity surface emitting laser array and a micro-lens array for fan in and fan out. An optical image copy and an optical lookup table concept were used to rapidly decode the address header of the input optical signal. This decoding system can immediately determine the switch state to route optical path in the optical communication switch node. We constructed a complete, small-scale optical self-routing interconnected network, and used this technology to process a packet optical signal with a 8-bit address header. Initial test results with this network successfully demonstrated the unique advantages of our high-speed, and self-routing switching node. This novel self-routing optical data switching technique is cost effective and fast. Moreover, the optical self-routing switching node can be developed in accordance with a network standard such as ATM/SONET. In addition, it can be used in high-speed multimedia communication networks and private industry.
Self-assembly of the fullerenes (1992)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTSelf-assembly of the fullerenesR. E. SmalleyCite this: Acc. Chem. Res. 1992, 25, 3, 98–105Publication Date (Print):March 1, 1992Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 March 1992https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ar00015a001https://doi.org/10.1021/ar00015a001research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views1688Altmetric-Citations487LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
A texture-based probability mapping for localisation of clinically important cardiac segments in the myocardium in cardiac magnetic resonance images from myocardial infarction patients (2014)

This paper presents a novel method for the identification of myocardial regions associated with increased risk of life threatening arrhythmia in patients with healed myocardial infarction assessed by late enhanced gadolinium magnetic resonance images. A probability mapping technique is used to create images where each pixel value corresponds to the probability of that pixel representing damaged myocardium. Cardiac segments are defined as the set of pixel positions associated with probability values between a lower and an upper threshold. From the corresponding pixels in the original images several features are calculated. The features studied here are the relative size and entropy values based on histograms with varying number of bins. Features calculated for a specific cardiac segment are compared between patients with high and low risk of arrhythmia. The results from comparing a large number of cardiac segments indicate that the entropy measure has a better localisation property compared to the relative size of the myocardial damage, and that the localisation is more focused for fewer number of bins in the entropy calculation.
Synthesis of Functionalizable and Degradable Polymers by Ring‐Opening Metathesis Polymerization (2013)

ROMP: A heterobicyclic olefin containing an oxazinone core is a new substrate for the ring-opening metathesis polymerization (ROMP). The polymers produced undergo degradation when exposed to either acidic or basic conditions. Furthermore, a monomer that can be readily diversified to access degradable polymers bearing tailored functionality was developed. As a service to our authors and readers, this journal provides supporting information supplied by the authors. Such materials are peer reviewed and may be re-organized for online delivery, but are not copy-edited or typeset. Technical support issues arising from supporting information (other than missing files) should be addressed to the authors. Please note: The publisher is not responsible for the content or functionality of any supporting information supplied by the authors. Any queries (other than missing content) should be directed to the corresponding author for the article.
A technique for large area deposition of diamond via combustion flame synthesis (1998)

A modified oxy-acetylene combustion flame technique capable of depositing high quality diamond coatings over large areas on low thermally conductive materials possessing complex geometries has been developed. This technique employs rotation of the substrate throughout deposition under an argon shielded combustion flame tilted at an angle of 45° to the substrate surface. As an example of this technique, diamond coatings were deposited on the rake faces of triangular silicon nitride (Si3N4) based cutting tools with a 1 cm2 surface area. These coatings were characterized via scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and X-ray diffraction (XRD). Experimental results identified five distinct regions of growth, between 0.8 and 2.8 μm/h, across the substrate surface. These regions are projected to result from variations in residence time, mass transport, and temperature gradients existing on the substrate surface. The absence of secondary growth and suppression of morphological instabilities are the result of cyclic etch-growth processes active during substrate rotation. This work illustrates the possibility of depositing high quality diamond coatings on a wide range of substrate materials and geometries and over larger areas than otherwise thought possible with conventional combustion flame apparatus.
Note: Laser ablation technique for electrically contacting a buried implant layer in single crystal diamond (2011)

The creation of thin, buried, and electrically conducting layers within an otherwise insulating diamond by annealed ion implantation damage is well known. Establishing facile electrical contact to the shallow buried layer has been an unmet challenge. We demonstrate a new method, based on laser micro-machining (laser ablation), to make reliable electrical contact to a buried implant layer in diamond. Comparison is made to focused ion beam milling.
An active damping vibration control system for wind tunnel models (2019)

In wind tunnels, long cantilever sting support systems with low structural damping encounter flow separation and turbulence during wind tunnel tests, which results in destructive low-frequency and big-amplitude resonance, leading to data quality degradation and test envelope limitation. To ensure planed test envelope and obtain high-quality data, an active damping vibration control system independent of balance signal based on stackable piezoelectric actuators and velocity feedback using accelerometer, is proposed to improve the support stability and wind tunnel testing safety in transonic wind tunnel. Meanwhile, a design of powerful sting-root embedded active damping device is given and an active vibration control method is presented based on the mechanism analysis of aircraft model vibration. Furthermore, a self-adaptive fuzzy Proportion Differentiation (PD) control model is proposed to realize control parameters adjustment automatically for various testing conditions. Besides, verification tests are performed in laboratory and a continuous transonic wind tunnel. Experimental results indicate that the aircraft model does not vibrate obviously from −4° to 11° at Ma = 0.6, the number of useable angle-of-attack has increased by 7° at Ma = 0.6 and 5° at Ma = 0.7 respectively, satisfying the requirements of practical wind tunnel tests.
Coherent Phase and Frequency Detection using Sum-Frequency Mixing in Nonlinear Waveguides (1992)

When two counter-propagating guided modes interact in a nonlinear waveguide, sum-frequency (SF) light is radiated from the waveguide surface (1). Recently, a multilayer Al x Ga 1 –x As waveguide structure has been developed which has a SF generation efficiency several orders of magnitude larger than conventional homogeneous waveguides (2). As as a result, there is much interest in the application of SF generation in waveguides for various optoelectronic devices including spectrometers (3), correlators (4), and coherent visible light sources (5). In this paper, we demonstrate an optical phase and frequency detector based on SF mixing in a multilayer guide. The waveguide shown in Fig. 1 is pumped by two counter-propogating TE modes, <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" id="eq1" display="inline"> <mml:mrow> <mml:mtext>Es+</mml:mtext> <mml:mrow> <mml:mtext>andE</mml:mtext> </mml:mrow> <mml:mtext>s</mml:mtext> <mml:mo>−</mml:mo> </mml:mrow> </mml:math> , at the signal frequency w s , and two counter-propogating TM modes, <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" id="eq2" display="inline"> <mml:mrow> <mml:msubsup> <mml:mtext>E</mml:mtext> <mml:mtext>o</mml:mtext> <mml:mtext>+</mml:mtext> </mml:msubsup> <mml:msubsup> <mml:mrow> <mml:mtext>andE</mml:mtext> </mml:mrow> <mml:mtext>o</mml:mtext> <mml:mo>−</mml:mo> </mml:msubsup> </mml:mrow> </mml:math> at the reference frequency w o .
Preliminary flight tests of pseudo-attitude using single antenna GPS sensing (2002)

This paper describes a novel method for aircraft control based on pseudo-attitude. The pseudo-attitude information consists of flight path angle and pseudo-roll angle about the aircraft velocity vector axis and is completely observable from single antenna GPS velocity measurements. Pseudo-attitude information is presented on a pseudo-attitude display which shows flight path angle and pseudo-roll angle instead of the traditional pitch and roll information, thus yielding direct indications of the actual flight path state. Flight tests in a Piper Arrow aircraft showed that pseudo-attitude is equivalent in performance to conventional attitude, with no subjective or objective differences between them. Possible applications of pseudo-attitude include its use as a backup attitude system, in guidance display or flight control schemes or for fault diagnostics in redundant systems.
Multiple sequence elements are required for regulation of human T-cell leukemia virus gene expression. (1987)

The U3 region of the long terminal repeat (LTR) of human T-cell leukemia virus type I (HTLV-I) contains sequences that respond to the trans-activating transcription (tat) factor encoded by the pX region of the provirus. Results presented here show that there are multiple tat-responsive sequences within the LTR and that a single 21-nucleotide sequence, which is repeated three times within the U3 region, is sufficient to determine the response to the trans-activator. This sequence is capable of conferring a tat-responsive phenotype upon the HTLV-I and simian virus 40 promoters, independent of orientation. Sequences required for efficient HTLV-I LTR-directed gene expression are also located 3' to the site of RNA initiation, within the R and U5 regions of the LTR.
Rapid, High-Throughput Detection of Rifampin Resistance and Heteroresistance in Mycobacterium tuberculosis by Use of Sloppy Molecular Beacon Melting Temperature Coding (2012)

Rifampin resistance in Mycobacterium tuberculosis is largely determined by mutations in an 80-bp rifampin resistance determining region (RRDR) of the rpoB gene. We developed a rapid single-well PCR assay to identify RRDR mutations. The assay uses sloppy molecular beacons to probe an asymmetric PCR of the M. tuberculosis RRDR by melting temperature (T(m)) analysis. A three-point T(m) code is generated which distinguishes wild-type from mutant RRDR DNA sequences in approximately 2 h. The assay was validated on synthetic oligonucleotide targets containing the 44 most common RRDR mutations. It was then tested on a panel of DNA extracted from 589 geographically diverse clinical M. tuberculosis cultures, including isolates with wild-type RRDR sequences and 25 different RRDR mutations. The assay detected 236/236 RRDR mutant sequences as mutant (sensitivity, 100%; 95% confidence interval [CI], 98 to 100%) and 353/353 RRDR wild-type sequences as wild type (specificity, 100%; 95% CI, 98.7 to 100%). The assay identified 222/225 rifampin-resistant isolates as rifampin resistant (sensitivity, 98.7%; 95% CI, 95.8 to 99.6%) and 335/336 rifampin-susceptible isolates as rifampin susceptible (specificity, 99.7%; 95% CI, 95.8 to 99.6%). All mutations were either individually identified or clustered into small mutation groups using the triple T(m) code. The assay accurately identified mixed (heteroresistant) samples and was shown analytically to detect RRDR mutations when present in at least 40% of the total M. tuberculosis DNA. This was at least as accurate as Sanger DNA sequencing. The assay was easy to use and well suited for high-throughput applications. This new sloppy molecular beacon assay should greatly simplify rifampin resistance testing in clinical laboratories.
Detailed Analysis of Protein Topology of Extracellular Vesicles–Evidence of Unconventional Membrane Protein Orientation (2016)

Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are important mediators of intercellular communication that change the recipient cell by shuttling lipids, RNA, or protein cargo between cells. Here, we investigate the topology of the protein cargo found in EVs, as this topology can fundamentally influence the biological effects of EVs. A multiple proteomics approach, combining proteinase treatment and biotin tagging, shows that many proteins of cytosolic origin are localized on the surface of EVs. A detailed analysis of the EV proteome at the peptide level revealed that a number of EV membrane proteins are present in a topologically reversed orientation compared to what is annotated. Two examples of such proteins, SCAMP3 and STX4, were confirmed to have a reversed topology. This reversed typology was determined using flow cytometry and fluorescent microscopy with antibodies directed toward their cytoplasmic epitopes. These results describe a novel workflow to define the EV proteome and the orientation of each protein, including membrane protein topology. These data are fundamentally important to understanding the EV proteome and required to fully explain EV biogenesis as well as biological function in recipient cells.
A High-Efficacy Antisense RI <i> <sub>α</sub> </i> Poly-DNP 21-nt RNA (2003)

The antisense inhibitor poly-2'-O-(2,4-dinitrophenyl)-5'-GGCUGCGUGCCUCCUCACUGG (antisense poly-DNP RNA-21) has been synthesized by in vitro transcription followed by chemical derivatization. Its base sequence is complementary to that of nucleotides 110-130 in the mRNA of the regulatory RIalpha subunit of PKA (RIalpha/PKA), which is overexpressed in MCF-7 breast cancer cells and A549 lung cancer cells. The bioavailable and RNase-resistant antisense poly-DNP RNA-21 was found to inhibit cell growth with 50% inhibitory concentration (IC50) values of 0.05 nM in MCF-7 cells and 4 nM in A549 cells. The control 21-nt RNAs with the same poly-DNP oligonucleotide (ODN) platform but with scrambled, sense, or mismatched base sequence are inactive. Treatment of MCF-7 cells with antisense poly-DNP RNA-21 abolishes both the steady-state concentration of RIalpha mRNA and the synthesis of RIalpha protein. At sufficiently high concentration, antisense poly-DNP RNA-21 selectively kills the targeted cancer cells by inducing apoptosis. The observed sequence specificity and extremely low IC50 values of antisense poly-DNP RNA-21 suggest that it is a promising candidate for in vivo testing as an effective anticancer agent.
Low cost industrial production of coagulation factor IX bioencapsulated in lettuce cells for oral tolerance induction in hemophilia B (2015)

Antibodies (inhibitors) developed by hemophilia B patients against coagulation factor IX (FIX) are challenging to eliminate because of anaphylaxis or nephrotic syndrome after continued infusion. To address this urgent unmet medical need, FIX fused with a transmucosal carrier (CTB) was produced in a commercial lettuce (Simpson Elite) cultivar using species specific chloroplast vectors regulated by endogenous psbA sequences. CTB-FIX (∼1 mg/g) in lyophilized cells was stable with proper folding, disulfide bonds and pentamer assembly when stored ∼2 years at ambient temperature. Feeding lettuce cells to hemophilia B mice delivered CTB-FIX efficiently to the gut immune system, induced LAP(+) regulatory T cells and suppressed inhibitor/IgE formation and anaphylaxis against FIX. Lyophilized cells enabled 10-fold dose escalation studies and successful induction of oral tolerance was observed in all tested doses. Induction of tolerance in such a broad dose range should enable oral delivery to patients of different age groups and diverse genetic background. Using Fraunhofer cGMP hydroponic system, ∼870 kg fresh or 43.5 kg dry weight can be harvested per 1000 ft(2) per annum yielding 24,000-36,000 doses for 20-kg pediatric patients, enabling first commercial development of an oral drug, addressing prohibitively expensive purification, cold storage/transportation and short shelf life of current protein drugs.
Breakthrough: Better Fiber for Better Products (2012)

Researchers at Idaho National Laboratory have developed a cost-effective method for the continuous production of alpha silicon carbide fiber. The exceptionally strong, lightweight fiber could enable significant performance improvements in many everyday products.
Fibro-C-Index: comprehensive, morphology-based quantification of liver fibrosis using second harmonic generation and two-photon microscopy (2009)

We develop a standardized, fully automated, quantification system for liver fibrosis assessment using second harmonic generation microscopy and a morphology-based quantification algorithm. Liver fibrosis is associated with an abnormal increase in collagen as a result of chronic liver diseases. Histopathological scoring is the most commonly used method for liver fibrosis assessment, where a liver biopsy is stained and scored by experienced pathologists. Due to the intrinsic limited sensitivity and operator-dependent variations, there exist high inter- and intraobserver discrepancies. We validate our quantification system, Fibro-C-Index, with a comprehensive animal study and demonstrate its potential application in clinical diagnosis to reduce inter- and intraobserver discrepancies.
Integrated Vertical Bloch Line (VBL) memory (1991)

Vertical Bloch Line (VBL) Memory is a recently conceived, integrated, solid state, block access, VLSI memory which offers the potential of 1 Gbit/sq cm areal storage density, data rates of hundreds of megabits/sec, and submillisecond average access time simultaneously at relatively low mass, volume, and power values when compared to alternative technologies. VBLs are micromagnetic structures within magnetic domain walls which can be manipulated using magnetic fields from integrated conductors. The presence or absence of BVL pairs are used to store binary information. At present, efforts are being directed at developing a single chip memory using 25 Mbit/sq cm technology in magnetic garnet material which integrates, at a single operating point, the writing, storage, reading, and amplification functions needed in a memory. The current design architecture, functional elements, and supercomputer simulation results are described which are used to assist the design process.
Test generation in the presence of timing exceptions and constraints (2007)

Generating test patterns without considering timing exceptions and constraints can lead to invalid test responses, resulting in false failures on the tester or yield loss. A path-oriented approach to handle timing exception paths with setup violations during at-speed test generation has been presented in [1]. This paper presents a unified and complete algorithm for computing test responses in the presence of timing exceptions with both setup and hold violations, and Boolean timing constraints. The new algorithm analyzes all possible effects of glitches in the circuit. It resolves pessimism in the case of multiple interacting timing exception paths. The new method significantly reduces the number of unknowns in the test responses, resulting in improved test coverage and test compression. The new method can be applied to 1) any fault model, 2) any test pattern, 3) any simulation environment, and/or 4) any test generator.
Post-decoding interference cancelation for coded CDMA systems (2002)

The performance of two-stage post-decoding interference cancelation schemes for coded CDMA systems are analyzed over fading channels. Upper bounds on error probability and approximations are derived and their tightness assessed.
Fractal Impeller for Stirred Tank Reactors (2011)

Stirred tank reactors are used for variety of applications at different scales of operation. The conventional impellers tend to develop regions having nonuniform energy dissipation rates in the stirred reactor. In this work, we propose a novel fractal impeller, which helps in reducing such nonuniformities and help develop a uniform randomness throughout the reactor. The impeller geometry is discussed in detail. Experimental measurements of the power consumption, mixing time, suspension quality, and the ability for gas dispersion were carried out, and the performance is compared with the conventional impellers. The impeller is seen to have a low power number, and it can generate a uniform suspension of particles even at relatively lower impeller speeds and can efficiently disperse gas into liquid to yield relatively higher gas hold-up values. The Fourier analysis of the power consumption time series data indicates that no specific prominent frequency events exist in the reactor, and the spectrum showed several frequency events to exist in the reactor with almost identical prominence.
Large-area and bright pulsed electroluminescence in monolayer semiconductors (2018)

Transition-metal dichalcogenide monolayers have naturally terminated surfaces and can exhibit a near-unity photoluminescence quantum yield in the presence of suitable defect passivation. To date, steady-state monolayer light-emitting devices suffer from Schottky contacts or require complex heterostructures. We demonstrate a transient-mode electroluminescent device based on transition-metal dichalcogenide monolayers (MoS<sub>2</sub>, WS<sub>2</sub>, MoSe<sub>2</sub>, and WSe<sub>2</sub>) to overcome these problems. Electroluminescence from this dopant-free two-terminal device is obtained by applying an AC voltage between the gate and the semiconductor. Notably, the electroluminescence intensity is weakly dependent on the Schottky barrier height or polarity of the contact. We fabricate a monolayer seven-segment display and achieve the first transparent and bright millimeter-scale light-emitting monolayer semiconductor device.