gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Parathyroid Hormone (PTH)-(1–14) and -(1–11) Analogs Conformationally Constrained by α-Aminoisobutyric Acid Mediate Full Agonist Responses via the Juxtamembrane Region of the PTH-1 Receptor (2001)

The N-terminal portion of parathyroid hormone is critical for PTH-1 receptor (P1R) activation and has been postulated to be alpha-helical when bound to the receptor. We investigated whether substitution of the sterically hindered and helix-promoting amino acid alpha-aminoisobutyric acid (Aib) in N-terminal PTH oligopeptides would improve the capacity of the peptide to activate the P1R. Analysis of the effects of individual Aib substitutions at each position in [Ala(3,12),Gln(10),Har(11),Trp(14)]PTH(1-14)NH(2) ([M]PTH(1-14)) on cAMP-stimulating potency in HKRK-B28 cells revealed that Aib at most positions diminished potency; however, Aib at positions 1 and 3 enhanced potency. Thus [Aib(1,3),M]PTH(1-14) was approximately 100-fold more potent than [M]PTH(1-14) (EC(50) = 1.1 +/- 0.1 and 100 +/- 20 nm, respectively), approximately 100,000-fold more potent than native PTH(1-14), and 2-fold more potent than PTH(1-34). The shorter peptide, [Aib(1,3),M]PTH(1-11), was also fully efficacious and 1,000-fold more potent than [M]PTH(1-11) (EC(50) 4 +/- 1 nm versus 3 +/- 1 microm). In cAMP stimulation assays performed in COS-7 cells expressing P1R-delNt, a receptor that lacks most of the N-terminal extracellular domain, [Aib(1,3),M]PTH(1-14) was 50-fold more potent than [M]PTH(1-14) (EC(50) = 0.7 +/- 0.2 versus 40 +/- 2 nm) and 1,000-fold more potent than PTH(1-34) (EC(50) = 700 nm). [Aib(1,3),M]PTH(1-14), but not PTH(1-34), inhibited the binding of (125)I-[Aib(1,3),Nle(8),Gln(10),Har(11),Ala(12),Trp(14),Arg(19),Tyr(21)]PTH(1-21)NH(2) to hP1R-delNt (IC(50) = 1,600 +/- 200 nm). The Aib(1,3) substitutions in otherwise unmodified PTH(1-34) enhanced potency and binding affinity on hP1R-delNt, but they had no effect for this peptide on hP1R-WT. Circular dichroism spectroscopy demonstrated that the Aib-1,3 substitutions increased helicity in all peptides tested, including PTH(1-34). The overall data thus suggest that the N-terminal residues of PTH are intrinsically disordered but become conformationally constrained, possibly as an alpha-helix, upon interaction with the activation domain of the PTH-1 receptor.
HIV inhibitory natural products. 11. Structure, absolute stereochemistry, and synthesis of conocurvone, a potent, novel HIV-inhibitory naphthoquinone trimer from a Conospermum sp (1993)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTHIV inhibitory natural products. 11. Structure, absolute stereochemistry, and synthesis of conocurvone, a potent, novel HIV-inhibitory naphthoquinone trimer from a Conospermum spLaurent A. Decosterd, Ian C. Parsons, Kirk R. Gustafson, John H. Cardellina II, James B. McMahon, Gordon M. Cragg, Yoshiko Murata, Lewis K. Pannell, Jorge Rios Steiner, and Cite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1993, 115, 15, 6673–6679Publication Date (Print):July 1, 1993Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 July 1993https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00068a026https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00068a026research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views357Altmetric-Citations67LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (2)»Supporting Information Supporting Information Get e-Alerts
Bionano Interaction Study on Antimicrobial Star-Shaped Peptide Polymer Nanoparticles (2016)

'Structurally nanoengineered antimicrobial peptide polymers' (SNAPPs), in the form of star-shaped peptide polymer nanoparticles, have been recently demonstrated as a new class of antimicrobial agents with superior in vitro and in vivo efficacy against Gram-negative pathogens, including multidrug-resistant species. Herein, we present a detailed bionano interaction study on SNAPPs by assessing their antimicrobial activities against several Gram-negative bacteria in complex biological matrices. Simulated body fluid and animal serum were used as test media to reveal factors that influence the antimicrobial efficacy of SNAPPs. With the exception of Acinetobacter baumannii, the presence of divalent cations at physiological concentrations reduced the antimicrobial efficacy of SNAPPs from minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) within the nanomolar range (40-300 nM) against Escherichia coli, Pseudomanas aeruginosa, and Klebsiella pneumoniae to 0.6-4.7 μM. By using E. coli as a representative bacterial species, we demonstrated that the reduction in activity was due to a decrease in the ability of SNAPPs to cause outer and inner membrane disruption. This effect could be reversed through coadministration with a chelating agent. Interestingly, the potency of SNAPPs against A. baumannii was retained even under high salt concentrations. The presence of serum proteins was also found to affect the interaction of SNAPPs with bacterial membranes, possibly through intermolecular binding. Collectively, this study highlights the need to consider the possible interactions of (bio)molecules present in vivo with any new antimicrobial agent under development. We also demonstrate that outer membrane disruption/destabilization is an important but hitherto under-recognized target for the antimicrobial action of peptide-based agents, such as antimicrobial peptides (AMPs). Overall, the findings presented herein could aid in the design of more efficient peptide-based antimicrobial agents with uncompromised potency even under physiological conditions.
Development of disease‐resistant rice by optimized expression of <i>WRKY45</i> (2014)

The rice transcription factor WRKY45 plays a central role in the salicylic acid signalling pathway and mediates chemical-induced resistance to multiple pathogens, including Magnaporthe oryzae and Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae. Previously, we reported that rice transformants overexpressing WRKY45 driven by the maize ubiquitin promoter were strongly resistant to both pathogens; however, their growth and yield were negatively affected because of the trade-off between the two conflicting traits. Also, some unknown environmental factor(s) exacerbated this problem. Here, we report the development of transgenic rice lines resistant to both pathogens and with agronomic traits almost comparable to those of wild-type rice. This was achieved by optimizing the promoter driving WRKY45 expression. We isolated 16 constitutive promoters from rice genomic DNA and tested their ability to drive WRKY45 expression. Comparisons among different transformant lines showed that, overall, the strength of WRKY45 expression was positively correlated with disease resistance and negatively correlated with agronomic traits. We conducted field trials to evaluate the growth of transgenic and control lines. The agronomic traits of two lines expressing WRKY45 driven by the OsUbi7 promoter (PO sUbi7 lines) were nearly comparable to those of untransformed rice, and both lines were pathogen resistant. Interestingly, excessive WRKY45 expression rendered rice plants sensitive to low temperature and salinity, and stress sensitivity was correlated with the induction of defence genes by these stresses. These negative effects were barely observed in the PO sUbi7 lines. Moreover, their patterns of defence gene expression were similar to those in plants primed by chemical defence inducers.
Image search by concept map (2010)

In this paper, we present a novel image search system, image search by concept map. This system enables users to indicate not only what semantic concepts are expected to appear but also how these concepts are spatially distributed in the desired images. To this end, we propose a new image search interface to enable users to formulate a query, called concept map, by intuitively typing textual queries in a blank canvas to indicate the desired spatial positions of the concepts. In the ranking process, by interpreting each textual concept as a set of representative visual instances, the concept map query is translated into a visual instance map, which is then used to evaluate the relevance of the image in the database. Experimental results demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed system.
Improved color visualization of histological structures through multispectral image fusion (2013)

Effective visualization of the different tissue structures in a stained tissue section is important in pathology diagnosis. Different staining protocols are utilized to impress contrasting colors to tissue structures of interest. Popular to routine staining is the H&E stain, which highlights the difference between the nuclei and cytoplasm areas. In this work, we present a multispectral image fusion method which improves the delineation between tissue structures that originally display similar H&E staining patterns. Multispectral images of H&E stained tissue sections were captured at a spectral resolution of 5nm from 400nm–720nm. Multispectral image fusion is implemented using two sets of principal component (PC) vectors: (i) PC vectors derived from the spectral transmittance samples of the various tissue components; and (ii) the PC vectors calculated from the spectral residual‐errors acquired by the tissue components in the spectral reconstruction. From the result of the multispectral image fusion we can readily observe the difference between tissue structures which originally share similar H&E staining patterns.
Bioprinting of 3D porous nanocellulose scaffolds for tissue engineering and organ regeneration (2012)

Bioprinting of 3D porous nanocellulose scaffolds for tissue engineering and organ regeneration
Enhancement of photovoltaic cell response due to high-refractive-index encapsulants (2010)

This study compares the electrical output of photovoltaic (PV) cells encapsulated with silicones having different refractive indices to unencapsulated PV cells. It is demonstrated that the optical concentration ratio of dome-shaped concentrator PV systems can be increased by using a higher refractive-index encapsulant. The short-circuit photocurrent of the PV cell having high-refractive-index encapsulation (n=1.57) is 71% higher than that of the PV cell having a low-refractive-index encapsulation (n=1.41), and 316% higher than that of the unencapsulated PV cell. These experimental concentration-ratio enhancements are consistent with the theoretical estimates of concentration ratio dependence on the refractive index of the PV concentrator.
A computer-controlled current-comparator-based four-terminal resistance bridge for power frequencies (2001)

A current comparator technique is applied to four-terminal resistance measurements for obtaining a highly accurate AC resistance bridge at power frequencies of 50 to 60 Hz. Active circuits are used to establish equal voltage drops between the potential terminals of the two resistances being compared. The bridge is suitable for measuring resistances from 10 /spl mu//spl Omega/ to 100 k/spl Omega/. A cascading technique using two two-stage current transformers provides extension of the ratio range to 100000000 with a maximum applied current of 10000 A. The bridge features measurement with a resolution of one part in 10/sup 7/. The total combined uncertainty (2 /spl sigma/) of the bridge, including the range extenders at power frequencies, is estimated to be less than 5 /spl mu//spl Omega///spl Omega/.
Flight Testing of the X-45A J-UCAS Computational Alpha-Beta System (2006)

*The design, development, and flight testing of a computational air data system for estimating angle-of-attack and angle-of-sideslip is presented. The method uses a detailed aerodynamic model of the aircraft within an extended Kalman filter framework. Using decoupled longitudinal and lateral-directional designs, the extended Kalman filter uses inertial system measurements of Euler angles, body rates, body accelerations, and a measurement of dynamic pressure to form the estimates. This approach was successfully demonstrated on the X-45A Joint-Unmanned Combat Air System aircraft, both open and closed loop, and proved to be very accurate. This technology offers the potential to reduce aircraft weight, drag, costs, and power requirements, and improve survivability and reliability.
Advanced Integrated Photonics For DWDM Optical Interconnects (2022)

We review our innovations on a special heterogeneous III-V-on-silicon integrated photonic platform. A 40-channel DWDM architecture and platform fabrication are discussed, and experimental demonstration of each high-quality building block and a 8-ch link is presented.
Joint antenna-array calibration and direction of arrival estimation for automotive radars (2016)

We present an iterative method for joint antenna-array calibration and direction of arrival estimation using millimeter-wave (mm-Wave) radar operating at 77 GHz. The calibration compensates for antenna-array coupling, and phase and gain errors, and does not require any training data. This method is well suited for applications, such as automotive radars, where multiple antenna elements are packaged on a chip and where offline calibration is either expensive or is not possible. The proposed method is highly effective when the array coupling is a function of direction of arriving waves from the object. The novel optimization method proposed in the paper allows it to be used for a 2D array of any shape. Experiments using real data collected from a four-element array on a single-chip radar demonstrate the viability of the algorithm.
Development of an automated plasmapheresis procedure for the harvest of equine plasma in accordance with current good manufacturing practice (2012)

The automated plasmapheresis procedure described in this report can be used to safely harvest equine plasma or to perform therapeutic plasmapheresis in horses.
Microfabricated phononic crystal devices and applications (2008)

Phononic crystals are the acoustic wave analogue of photonic crystals. Here a periodic array of scattering inclusions located in a homogeneous host material forbids certain ranges of acoustic frequencies from existence within the crystal, thus creating what are known as acoustic bandgaps. The majority of previously reported phononic crystal devices have been constructed by hand, assembling scattering inclusions in a viscoelastic medium, predominantly air, water or epoxy, resulting in large structures limited to frequencies below 1 MHz. Recently, phononic crystals and devices have been scaled to VHF (30–300 MHz) frequencies and beyond by utilizing microfabrication and micromachining technologies. This paper reviews recent developments in the area of micro-phononic crystals including design techniques, material considerations, microfabrication processes, characterization methods and reported device structures. Micro-phononic crystal devices realized in low-loss solid materials are emphasized along with their potential application in radio frequency communications and acoustic imaging for medical ultrasound and nondestructive testing. The reported advances in batch micro-phononic crystal fabrication and simplified testing promise not only the deployment of phononic crystals in a number of commercial applications but also greater experimentation on a wide variety of phononic crystal structures.
Assessing the wavelength dependence of intraocular scattering by a new optical approach (2011)

Abstract Purpose The wavelength dependence of the light scattering is related with the characteristics of the inhomogeneities in the ocular media, and therefore, an objective assessment could be used to the early detection of underlying ocular pathologies. We developed a new optical instrument for measuring light scattered in the human eye at different wavelengths. Methods Using a double‐pass configuration, series of disks of uniform radiance with an increasing angular dimension are sequentially projected on to the retina. As a light source, a white light halogen lamp is spectrally filtered by using a liquid crystal tunable filter, selecting three different wavelengths: 550, 600 and 650 nm (FWHM = ± 50 nm). The disk’s retinal images are recorded by a cooled electron‐multiplied CCD camera. The derivative of intensity at the center of each disk’s retinal image with respect to its radius provides the eye’s wide‐angle double‐pass point‐spread function (PSF). The method was applied in an artificial eye with different levels of induced scattering, and in a group of normal subjects. Results In the artificial eye, the increasing scattering induced is successfully discriminated at the more eccentric angular domain of the wide‐angle PSFs. In the group of subjects, the estimated wide‐angle PSFs differ from the lower to the larger wavelengths. The PSF at 550 nm is characterized by more intense light scatter in the angular range between 5 and 10 degrees, while the PSF at the 650nm showed a relatively increased scattered light between 0 and 2 degrees. This would be related to the deeper interaction of th Conclusion An optical objective method is sensitive enough to detect consistently differences in light scatter for different wavelengths.
Joint ray launching method for outdoor to indoor propagation prediction based on interpolation (2015)

This paper proposes a novel model for predicting the outdoor to indoor radio signal coverage. This model is based on a joint ray launching algorithm that adapts different resolutions for outdoor and indoor simulations. The performance of the joint ray launching method is evaluated by a measurement at 3.5 GHz frequency. This model appears to be efficient for a scenario with mixed resolutions, in terms of both accuracy and computational cost.
Automated synthesis of compact crossbars for sneak-path based in-memory computing (2017)

The rise of data-intensive computational loads has exposed the processor-memory bottleneck in Von Neumann architectures and has reinforced the need for in-memory computing using devices such as memristors. Existing literature on computing Boolean formula using sneak-paths in nanoscale memristor crossbars has only focussed on short Boolean formula. There are two open questions: (i) Can one synthesize sneak-path based crossbars for computing large Boolean formula? (ii) What is the size of a memristor crossbar that can compute a given Boolean formula using sneak paths? In this paper, we make progress on both these problems. First, we show that the number of rows and columns required to compute a Boolean formula is at most linear in the size of the Reduced Ordered Binary Decision Diagram representing the Boolean function. Second, we demonstrate how Boolean Decision Diagrams can be used to synthesize nanoscale crossbars that can compute a given Boolean formula using naturally occurring sneak paths. In particular, we synthesize large logical circuits such as 128-bit adders for the first-time using sneak-path based crossbar computing.
Development of a passive millimeter-wave imaging system (2009)

Millimeter-wave imaging systems are currently being developed for a wide range of applications, including remote sensing, all-weather aircraft landing, and concealed weapon detection. In this paper, we designed and tested of the passive millimeter-wave imaging system using focal plane approach. The proposed system consists of two parts. The first part is a 94 GHz band millimeter imaging part which is coupled to a dielectric lens, a horn antenna, two low noise amplifiers, and a diode detector. The second part is a control part. The control part consists of 2-axes Cartesian robots, and a 16-bit data acquisition (DAQ). The 2-axes Cartesian robot should be able to scan a 2-D image of the scene, with a raster scanning method. The passive millimeter-wave image of 50 × 50 pixels is acquired, and is immediately displayed and stored for post processing. The experimental results are presented to demonstrate the feasibility of the passive millimeter-wave imaging system. In order to improve the image quality, interpolation methods are applied.
Dose–Response Relationship of Mesenchymal Stem Cell Transplantation and Functional Regeneration After Severe Skeletal Muscle Injury in Rats (2008)

Various therapeutic strategies that aim to influence clinical outcome after severe skeletal muscle trauma have been considered. One such method, the local transplantation of stem cells, has been shown to improve tissue regeneration. The number of cells required for successful regeneration, however, remains unclear. The aim of this study was therefore to examine the correlation between the number of transplanted bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) and the resulting muscle function. One week after inducing an open crush trauma in 34 female Sprague Dawley rats, increasing quantities of autologous MSCs (0.1 x 10(6), 1 x 10(6), 2.5 x 10(6), and 10 x 10(6) cells) or saline solution (control group) were transplanted into the left soleus muscle of the rat hind limb. At 4 weeks posttrauma, the outcome was assessed by measuring muscle contraction forces following an indirect fast twitch and tetanic stimulation. A logarithmic dose-response relationship was observed for both maximum twitch and tetanic contraction forces (R(2) = 0.9 for fast twitch [p = 0.004]; R(2) = 0.87 [p = 0.002] for tetanic contraction). The transplantation of 10 x 10(6) cells resulted in the most pronounced improvement of muscle force. MSC therapy represents a promising new tool for the treatment of skeletal muscle trauma that shows potential for aiding in the prevention of severe functional deficiencies. The logarithmic dose-response relationship demonstrates the association between the number of transplanted cells and the resulting muscle forces, as well as the amount of MSCs required for promoting muscular regeneration.
Hardware Implementation of Successive Cancellation Decoders for Polar Codes (2011)

The recently-discovered polar codes are seen as a major breakthrough in coding theory; they provably achieve the theoretical capacity of discrete memoryless channels using the low complexity successive cancellation (SC) decoding algorithm. Motivated by recent developments in polar coding theory, we propose a family of efficient hardware implementations for SC polar decoders. We show that such decoders can be implemented with O(n) processing elements, O(n) memory elements, and can provide a constant throughput for a given target clock frequency. Furthermore, we show that SC decoding can be implemented in the logarithm domain, thereby eliminating costly multiplication and division operations and reducing the complexity of each processing element greatly. We also present a detailed architecture for an SC decoder and provide logic synthesis results confirming the linear growth in complexity of the decoder as the code length increases.