gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A Study on an Engineering History Base. (1996)

The purpose of this study is to build a database, named an engineering history base, which stores histories of engineering cases. Attentions are paid to a distinction between two types of knowledge used during engineering processes ; product knowledge and process knowledge. The product knowledge represents products, e.g. drawings, while the process knowledge represents information how to make and how to use the product knowledge including design intent. One of the most important requirements for the engineering history base is to access the data conveniently, taking account into the nature of the histories. For this, a methodology which uses constraints to describe process is proposed. To use constraints facilitates connections among process data and explanations. A prototype system has been developed to show the validity of the proposed methodology.
ChemInform Abstract: Syntheses of Photoactive Complexes. Electronic Spectra, Electrochemistry, and SCF‐Xα‐DV Calculations for Bis(phosphine)palladium Oxalate and Dithiooxalate Complexes. Crystal and Molecular Structures of (Dithiooxalato‐S,S′)bis(trimethylphosphine)palladium(II) and (1,1‐Dithiooxalato‐S,S′)bis(μ3‐sulfido)‐2,2,3,3‐tetrakis(trimethylphosphine)# ‐triangulo‐tripalladium(II). (1987)

Abstract The dithiooxalate complexes (II) are prepared as shown.
Choosing an Electronic Mail System (1993)

The Food, Agriculture, and Nutrition (FAN) Division of Special Libraries Association established the E-mail Committee in 1991 to evaluate and recommend an e-mail system for members to use as a communication tool. After an initial literature review and survey of members, three e-mail systems were selected for further evaluation. The committee evaluated: the Internet, DialMail from Dialog Information Services, and ALF: Agricultural Library Forum, a bulletin board system (BBS) from the National Agricultural Library. ALF was chosen; it met the criteria identified through the survey and allowed greatest access by FAN members.
Uniform Silver Nanowires Synthesis by Reducing AgNO<sub>3</sub> with Ethylene Glycol in the Presence of Seeds and Poly(Vinyl Pyrrolidone) (2002)

A solution-phase approach has been demonstrated for the large-scale synthesis of silver nanowires with diameters in the range of 30−40 nm, and lengths up to ∼50 μm. The first step of this process involved the formation of Pt (or Ag) nanoparticles by reducing PtCl2 (or AgNO3) with ethylene glycol (EG) heated to ∼160 °C. These Pt (or Ag) nanoparticles could serve as seeds for the heterogeneous nucleation and growth of silver (formed by reducing AgNO3 with EG) because of their close match in crystal structure and lattice constants. In the presence of poly(vinyl pyrrolidone) (PVP), the growth of silver could be directed into a highly anisotropic mode to form uniform nanowires with aspect ratios as high as ∼1000. UV−visible spectroscopy, SEM, TEM, XRD, and electron diffraction were used to characterize these silver nanowires, indicating the formation of a highly pure phase, as well as a uniform diameter and bicrystalline structure. Both morphology and aspect ratios of these silver nanostructures could be varied from nanoparticles and nanorods to long nanowires by adjusting the reaction conditions, including the ratio of PVP to silver nitrate, reaction temperature, and seeding conditions. Measurements of the transport properties at room temperature indicated that these silver nanowires were electrically continuous with a conductivity (∼0.8 × 105 S/cm) approaching that of bulk silver.
Concepts (2016)

This chapter outlines the first part of the belief change model—Concepts—or symbolic representations of ideas that are held in the mind, created as a result of automatically generated inferences about the world around us. Ubiquitous beliefs tend to leverage survival inferences and concept memorability, adapting when needed to the situation rather than resisting change. Our inherited cognitive capacities represent direct responses to environmental selection pressures. The most advantageous capacities allowed the lucky beneficiaries to survive longer and procreate, gradually spreading the expedient genes across the population. Beliefs emerged as the operationalisation of our hereditary mental features, implementing and orchestrating the software needed to bolster survival through quick pattern recognition for rapid-fire decision-making, as well as for group cohesion and social solidarity. The transmission of cultural information like beliefs involves both convergence and imitation. Neither in isolation can adequately explain the nagging durability of critical beliefs. Human beings are susceptible to certain beliefs, suggesting a relationship between culturally prolific activities and cognitive capacities. Some convergence pressures influence cultural activities, but the pressures lead towards more generic tendencies such as the ability to hold belief sets, rather than the predisposition to hold specific content in beliefs. We are hardwired to hold beliefs, where the strongest are also the most useful personally, culturally, and socially.
Magnetic micro-actuator (2002)

The characteristics of three types of magnetic microactuators made by silicon-based microfabrication are described. The microfabrication, actuator configuration, and dynamic characteristics of a fabricated microactuator with a planar coil are examined. This microactuator is shown to operate in the nanometer range. It has a conical soft-magnetic tip 10 microns high with a one-turn copper coil. This actuator will be applied to microvalves, micropumps, and microsyringes.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
On the accuracy and scalability of intensive I/O workload replay (2017)

We introduce a replay tool that can be used to replay captured I/O workloads for performance evaluation of high-performance storage systems. We study several sources in the stock operating system that introduce the uncertainty of replaying a workload. Based on the remedies of these findings, we design and develop a new replay tool called hfplayer that can more accurately replay intensive block I/O workloads in a similar unscaled environment. However, to replay a given workload trace in a scaled environment, the dependency between I/O requests becomes crucial. Therefore, we propose a heuristic way of speculating I/O dependencies in a block I/O trace. Using the generated dependency graph, hfplayer is capable of replaying the I/O workload in a scaled environment. We evaluate hfplayer with a wide range of workloads using several accuracy metrics and find that it produces better accuracy when compared with two exiting available replay tools.
Control of Alopecurus myosuroides (black-grass) resistant to mesosulfuron+iodosulfuron. (2009)

Resistance to the ALS inhibitor mesosulfuron+iodosulfuron ('Atlantis') had been identified in 293 populations of A. myosuroides in the UK by 2008. Two field trials were conducted in winter wheat crops where ALS target site resistance (Pro197Thr) occurred. Mesosulfuron+iodosulfuron (12+2.4 g a.i. ha(-1)) gave 73% - 79% reductions in head numbers in Town Mead field, but only -7% - 5% reductions in Long Covert. Mixtures and sequences improved overall control. Pre-emergence flufenacet+pendimethalin (240+1200 g a.i. ha(-1)) followed by mesosulfuron+ iodosulfuron plus pendimethalin (1320 g a.i. ha(-1)) or clodinafop+trifluralin (30+960 g a.i. ha(-1)) gave 93 - 98% reductions in Town Mead but only 60 - 73% reductions in Long Covert. A non-ALS treatment of pre-emergence flufenacet+pendimethalin followed by isoproturon+pendimethalin (1500+1320 g a.i. ha(-1)) in late October and clodinafop+trifluralin in November or February achieved 97% and 93% reductions in the two trials. Seed samples collected from surviving plants were evaluated in glasshouse assays to quantify any changes in the incidence of resistance. There was an increase in the proportion of plants resistant to mesosulfuron+iodosulfuron regardless of whether it was used alone, in mixture or sequence. No such changes occured with non-ALS treatments. The trials highlight the difficulty of achieving adequate control with alternative herbicides, especially as isoproturon and trifluralin will not be available for use in the UK after 2009.
The Preclinical and Clinical Progress of Bacteriophages and Their Lytic Enzymes: The Parts are Easier than the Whole (2019)

The therapeutic potential of phages has been considered since their first identification more than a century ago. The evident concept of using a natural predator to treat bacterial infections has, however, since then been challenged considerably. Initially, the vast success of antibiotics almost eliminated the study of phages for therapy. Upon the renaissance of phage therapy research, the most provocative and unique properties of phages such as high specificity, self-replication and co-evolution prohibited a rapid preclinical and clinical development. On the one hand, the typical trajectory followed by small molecule antibiotics could not be simply translated into the preclinical analysis of phages, exemplified by the need for complex broad spectrum or personalized phage cocktails of high purity and the more complex pharmacokinetics. On the other hand, there was no fitting regulatory framework to deal with flexible and sustainable phage therapy approaches, including the setup and approval of adequate clinical trials. While significant advances are incrementally made to eliminate these hurdles, phage-inspired antibacterials have progressed in the slipstream of phage therapy, benefiting from the lack of hurdles that are typically associated with phage therapy. Most advanced are phage lytic enzymes that kill bacteria through peptidoglycan degradation and osmotic lysis. Both phages and their lytic enzymes are now widely considered as safe and have now progressed to clinical phase II to show clinical efficacy as pharmaceutical. Yet, more initiatives are needed to fill the clinical pipeline to beat the typical attrition rates of clinical evaluation and to come to a true evaluation of phages and phage lytic enzymes in the clinic.
Effect of a cyclosporine A delivery system in corneal transplantation. (2002)

To test the immunosuppressive effect of cyclosporine (Cs) in a polymer placed in the anterior chamber of corneal allograft recipients.Wistar inbred rats with vascularized corneas were recipients of corneal allografts from Sprague-Dawley donor rats. Rats underwent penetrating keratoplasty and were divided randomly into four groups: untreated control animals (UCA); Cs-polymer anterior chamber recipients (CPA); co-polymer subconjunctival recipients (CPS); and Cs-olive oil drop recipients (COO). Grafts were examined by slit lamp every 3 days and clinical conditions were scored. Cs concentration in the aqueous humor was assayed at 1, 2, and 4 weeks. At 1, 2 and 4 weeks after transplantation, the operated eyes were collected for histopathological evaluation of the grafts.The median survival time of the allografts was 8.2 +/- 1.48 days for the UCA group, 11.4 +/- 2.50 days for the CPS group, and 17.0 +/- 2.00 days for the CPA group. There was a statistically significant difference (P < 0.05) between survival time of the allografts in the animals of the CPA group compared to the other groups of graft recipients. Significantly higher concentrations of Cs were found in the eyes given an anterior chamber implant of Cs-polymer, compared to other treatment groups or untreated rats. A transient inflammatory response in the anterior chamber was observed in the CPA group.Cs-polymer placed in the anterior chamber significantly prolongs corneal allograft survival time in a high risk corneal graft rejection model. This intraocular delivery system may be a valuable adjunct for the suppression of immune graft rejection.
Encoded Microcarriers for High‐Throughput Multiplexed Detection (2006)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
The role and mechanism of WEE1 on the cisplatin resistance reversal of the HepG2/DDP human hepatic cancer cell line (2015)

Drug resistance to cisplatin with continuous drug treatment is one of the most common causes of chemotherapy failure in hepatic carcinoma. Accumulating evidence suggests that WEE1 G2 checkpoint kinase (WEE1) is involved in cisplatin resistance, which has been demonstrated to correlate with cancer initiation and progression. However, the role and molecular mechanism of WEE1 in the drug resistance of hepatic cancer remains unclear. In the present study, using the WEE-knockdown hepatic cancer cell line HepG2/DDP, the role of WEE1 and its molecular mechanism were investigated. It was demonstrated that silencing WEE1 expression resulted in an increased cisplatin sensitivity of HepG2/DDP, in addition to an increased rate of apoptosis and intracellular concentration of rhodamine 123. The expression levels of P-gp, MDR1, MRP1, LRP, BCL-2, survivin and GST in WEE1-silenced HepG2/DDP cells were significantly reduced, and phosphorylation levels of MEK and ERK were significantly downregulated. The results demonstrated that WEE1 negatively regulated the multidrug resistance potential of human hepatic cancer cells by modulating the expression of relevant drug resistance genes and the activity of the MEK/ERK pathway. Therefore, WEE1 may be a monitoring bio-marker for drug resistance, and a therapeutic target in hepatic cancer.
Induction of De Novo Subcortical Actin Filament Assembly by <i>Treponema denticola</i> Major Outer Sheath Protein (2004)

Treponema denticola and its major outer sheath protein (Msp) induce actin reorganization in fibroblasts. We adapted a barbed-end labeling/imaging assay to monitor Msp-induced subcortical actin filament assembly in neutrophils and fibroblasts. Msp, at an actin-reorganizing concentration, inhibited migration of these dissimilar cell types, whose cytoskeletal functions in locomotion and phagocytosis are crucial for immunity and healing of peripheral infections.
Preliminary evaluation of the efficacy, safety, and costs associated with the treatment of chronic pain with medical cannabis (2018)

After 3 months treatment, MC improved quality of life, reduced pain and opioid use, and lead to cost savings. Large randomized clinical trials are warranted to further evaluate the role of MC in the treatment of chronic pain.
The impacts of conservation agriculture on crop yield in China depend on specific practices, crops and cropping regions (2014)

For smooth and wide application of conservation agriculture (CA), remaining uncertainties about its impacts on crop yield need to be reduced. Based on previous field experiments in China, a meta-analysis was performed to quantify the actual impacts of CA practices (NT: no/reduced-tillage only, CTSR: conventional tillage with straw retention, NTSR: NT with straw retention) on crop yields as compared to conventional tillage without straw retention (CT). Although CA practices increased crop yield by 4.6% on average, there were large variations in their impacts. For each CA practice, CTSR and NTSR significantly increased crop yield by 4.9% and 6.3%, respectively, compared to CT. However, no significant effect was found for NT. Among ecological areas, significant positive effects of CA practices were found in areas with an annual precipitation below 600 mm. Similar effects were found in areas with annual mean air temperature above 5 °C. For cropping regions, CA increased crop yield by 6.4% and 5.5% compared to CT in Northwest and South China, respectively, whereas no significant effects were found in the North China and Northeast China regions. Among crops, the positive effects of CA practices were significantly higher in maize (7.5%) and rice (4.1%) than in wheat (2.9%). NT likely decreased wheat yield. Our results indicate that there are great differences in the impacts of CA practices on crop yield, owing to regional variation in climate and crop types. CA will most likely increase maize yield but reduce wheat yield. It is strongly recommended to apply CA with crop straw retention in maize cropping areas and seasons with a warm and dry climate pattern.
Spatial quantification of the world population potentially exposed to Zika virus (2017)

These results illustrate Zika virus risk at the global level and provide maps to target the prevention and control measures especially in areas with higher risk, in countries with less sanitation and poorer resources. Many countries without previous vector reports could become active transmission zones in the future, so vector surveillance should be implemented or reinforced in these areas.
Selection and Characterization of Human Antibodies against Hepatitis B Virus Surface Antigen (HBsAg) by Phage-Display (2002)

Hepatitis B virus (HBV) is one of the main pathogens of hepatitis and hepatocarcinoma. Human plasma-derived antibody to HBV is being used as a prophylactic for postexposure to HBV and liver transplantation currently. However, it is required to replace the plasma-derived anti-HBs antibody (Ab) to a recombinant antibody because of limited availability of human plasma with high anti-HBs Ab titer and possible contamination of human pathogens. We constructed an anti-HBs Ab-enriched phage-display library from peripheral blood B cells of vaccinated volunteers and the size of library was approximately 1.0 x 10(7). The library was panned against hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) and five different clones were isolated. All five clones exhibited the same heavy chain sequence; in contrast, light-chain exhibited one lambda and four different kappa sequences. The Fabs were expressed soluble in E. coli and exhibited affinities of 2.1 x 10(8) approximately 7.7 x 10(8) M(-1).
Ionic Conductivity of Polymer-Ceramic Composites (2001)

The paper analyzes ionic conductivity data in the and composite electrolyte systems. The polymer and ceramic phases in the systems interact to provide a stable, amorphous phase. The ceramic phase is believed to impart a dual effect. It suppresses crystallization of and interacts with the polymer phase. The nature of the interaction is believed to be dipole-dipole and driven by a dielectric constant gradient. The nanosize ceramic powder provides higher conductivity values because of an enhanced interaction. At low temperatures the dipole-dipole interaction is favored, whereas at high temperatures a reverse trend is observed. A very high dielectric constant material such as provides little additional benefit. © 2001 The Electrochemical Society. All rights reserved.
Pyrolysis Studies to Investigate Effects of Polymerization Techniques on Structure and Thermal Behavior of Poly(1,2-Epoxy-4-epoxyethylcyclohexanes) (1995)

Abstract Thermal behaviors of poly(1,2-epoxy-4-epoxyethylcyclohexanes) (poly-EECH), polymerized by electroinitiation, radiation, and catalytic action of HClO4 and BF3-etharate, have been studied by direct pyrolysis MS and evolved gas analyses by mass and FT-IR spectrometric techniques. Direct pyrolysis experiments indicated that electroinitiated and catalytic polymerization of EECH with the use of BF3-etharate produced the least stable polymers thermally. High mass peaks were related to the presence of blocks propagated through the 1,2-epoxy group, especially in the polymer produced by catalytic action of BF3-etharate. Crosslinked structures were also justified by thermal analysis. Production of low molecular weight compounds such as CO, CO2, CH3OH, ethylene oxide, methylpropionate, and cyclohexane was investigated by evolved gas analysis.
Chemokine Receptor CX3CR1 Mediates Skin Wound Healing by Promoting Macrophage and Fibroblast Accumulation and Function (2008)

Wounds heal through a highly regulated, self-limited inflammatory response, however, precise inflammatory mediators have not been fully delineated. In this study, we report that in a mouse model of excisional skin wound healing the chemokine CX3CL1 and its receptor CX3CR1 were both highly induced at wound sites; CX3CL1 colocalized with macrophages and endothelial cells, whereas CX3CR1 colocalized mainly with macrophages and fibroblasts. Loss of CX3CR1 function delayed wound closure in both CX3CR1 knockout (KO) mice and in wild-type mice infused with anti-CX3CR1-neutralizing Ab. Conversely, transfer of bone marrow from donor wild-type mice, but not from donor CX3CR1 KO mice, restored wound healing to normal in CX3CR1 KO-recipient mice. Direct effects of CX3CR1 disruption at the wound site included marked reduction of macrophages and macrophage products, such as TGF-beta1 and vascular endothelial growth factor. Consistent with this, we observed reduced alpha-smooth muscle actin (a marker for myofibroblasts) and collagen deposition in skin from wounded CX3CR1 KO mice, as well as reduced neovascularization. Together, the data support a molecular model of skin wound repair in which CX3CR1 mediates direct recruitment of bone marrow-derived monocytes/macrophages which release profibrotic and angiogenic mediators.
Novel Natural Food Antimicrobials (2012)

Naturally occurring antimicrobial compounds could be applied as food preservatives to protect food quality and extend the shelf life of foods and beverages. These compounds are naturally produced and isolated from various sources, including plants, animals and microorganisms, in which they constitute part of host defense systems. Many naturally occurring compounds, such as nisin, plant essential oils, and natamycin, have been widely studied and are reported to be effective in their potential role as antimicrobial agents against spoilage and pathogenic microorganisms. Although some of these natural antimicrobials are commercially available and applied in food processing, their efficacy, consumer acceptance and regulation are not well defined. This manuscript reviews natural antimicrobial compounds with reference to their applications in food when applied individually or in combination with other hurdles. It also reviews the mechanism of action of selected natural antimicrobials, factors affecting their antimicrobial activities, and future prospects for use of natural antimicrobials in the food industry.
DNA sequence similarity recognition by hybridization to short oligomers (2023)

Methods are disclosed for the comparison of nucleic acid sequences. Data is generated by hybridizing sets of oligomers with target nucleic acids. The data thus generated is manipulated simultaneously with respect to both (i) matching between oligomers and (ii) matching between oligomers and putative reference sequences available in databases. Using data compression methods to manipulate this mutual information, sequences for the target can be constructed.
First Report of Tomato Yellow Leaf Curl Virus in Greenhouse Tomatoes in Kentucky (2008)

Tomato yellow leaf curl virus (TYLCV), genus Begomovirus in the family Geminiviridae, was identified for the first time in the United States in Florida in 1997 and since then has been reported in other states on tomato in greenhouse and in field production environments. During 2005 symptoms typical of geminivirus infection were observed on tomato plants grown in a greenhouse production system in Jefferson Co., KY. A nucleic acid-based pathogen detection approach was used and TYLCV infection was confirmed in tomato plants collected from the greenhouse and in symptomless Acalypha ostryifolia growing outside the greenhouse. To our knowledge, A. ostryifolia has not been previously described as a host of this virus. This find raises concerns regarding the introduction of TYLCV to the state in infected transplants or in viruliferous whiteflies transported on infested plants, and its potential impact on economically important crops in the state. Accepted for publication 17 June 2008. Published 19 August 2008.