gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Tissue ischemia detection using impedance spectroscopy (2002)

The objective of the authors' research is to develop an innovative technique for monitoring and measurement of tissue perfusion/ischemia levels. Assessment of tissue perfusion/ischemia is of critical importance in plastic and reconstructive surgery, for postoperative monitoring of transplanted muscle flaps. In order to design an instrument that would approximate as closely as possible the requirements of the "ideal" perfusion/ischemia monitor, the authors initiated research to investigate the correlation between tissue impedance measurements at various frequencies, and the tissue pH, a proven indicator of perfusion/ischemia level of the tissue. The authors' preliminary experiments were performed in vivo on rabbit anterior tibialis muscle with an impedance spectroscopic system that measures the real component of tissue impedance at seven frequencies in the range of 1 kHz to 100 kHz. The obtained results indicate that there is a strong correlation between the tissue resistivities measured, and the independent indicator of tissue ischemia.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Unusual luminescent properties of odd‐ and even‐substituted naphthyl‐derivatized dioxetanes (1990)

With the advent of enzymatically induced chemiluminescence and improved instrumentation for luminometry, ultrasensitive detection of a wide variety of analytes is now possible using standard immunoassay and DNA probe formats. Model molecular orbital calculations and literature precedent suggest that the singlet efficiencies observed upon decomposition of dioxetanes appended with donor substituted aromatic moieties are dependent on substitution pattern. We have recently discovered, in a series of 3-(2'-spiroadamantane)-4-methoxy-4-acetoxynaphth-2'-yl-1,2-+ ++dioxetanes, that enzymatic generation of a non-conjugated, charge transfer excited state results in luminescence of markedly different properties than that observed from an isomeric, conjugated excited state. An example of the former type, 3-(2'-spiroadamantane)-4-methoxy-4-(7"-acetoxy)naphth-2'-yl- 1,2- dioxetane (1) emitting at 550 nm, not only provides an increase in phi CL, but exhibits a dramatic bathochromic shift of 80-110 nm from the 460 nm emission of the conjugated isomer 3-(2'-spiroadamantane)-4-methoxy-4-(6"-acetoxy)naphth-2'-yl- 1,2-dioxetane (2). These developments, along with the attendant glow-type luminescence kinetics displayed during the enzymatic decomposition of the new 'odd-pattern' dioxetane, allow the design of simple protocols capable of simultaneous or 'multichannel' detection of several analytes.
Array shading for a broadband constant directivity transducer (1978)

The theory of a broadband constant directivity transducer is developed. The transducer is an array of isophase, omnidirectional elements on an acoustically transparent spherical surface. It is shown that, with appropriate amplitude shading of the array elements, the beam pattern has no side lobes and the directivity is constant at all frequencies above a cutoff frequency (determined by the beam width and the radius of the sphere.) A shading function is derived, which consists of a simple linear combination of powers of cos ϑ, and several beam patterns are calculated.
AlGaN/GaN HEMT And ZnO nanorod-based sensors for chemical and bio-applications (2009)

Chemical sensors can be used to analyze a wide variety of environmental and biological gases and liquids and may need to be able to selectively detect a target analyte. Different methods, including gas chromatography (GC), chemiluminescence, selected ion flow tube (SIFT), and mass spectroscopy (MS) have been used to measure biomarkers. These methods show variable results in terms of sensitivity for some applications and may not meet the requirements for a handheld biosensor. A promising sensing technology utilizes AlGaN/GaN high electron mobility transistors (HEMTs). HEMT structures have been developed for use in microwave power amplifiers due to their high two dimensional electron gas (2DEG) mobility and saturation velocity. The conducting 2DEG channel of GaN/AlGaN HEMTs is very close to the surface and extremely sensitive to adsorption of analytes. HEMT sensors can be used for detecting gases, ions, pH values, proteins, and DNA. In this paper we review recent progress on functionalizing the surface of HEMTs for specific detection of glucose, kidney marker injury molecules, prostate cancer and other common substances of interest in the biomedical field.
Efficient data transfer operations for a SIMD processor array system (2012)

The SIMD (single instruction, multiple data) control style achieves a very cost effective processor element (PE) control mechanism. In this paper, two efficient data transfer operations for a SIMD PE array processor are proposed to address the inefficiency of most SIMD processor arrays in performing irregular memory access per PE. First, the SIMD random access provides simultaneous data transfer of randomly, from each PE independently addressed elements. Second, the SIMD ROI (region of interest) access enables concurrent data transfer of ROI areas with optional different ROI parameters for each PE. Speed-up values for both new transfer operations show an at least six times faster execution and the synthesis output reports an area increase of merely 1% for a 32 PE SIMD array processor configuration.
A framework for robust discovery of entity synonyms (2012)

Entity synonyms are critical for many applications like information retrieval and named entity recognition in documents. The current trend is to automatically discover entity synonyms using statistical techniques on web data. Prior techniques suffer from several limitations like click log sparsity and inability to distinguish between entities of different concept classes. In this paper, we propose a general framework for robustly discovering entity synonym with two novel similarity functions that overcome the limitations of prior techniques. We develop efficient and scalable techniques leveraging the MapReduce framework to discover synonyms at large scale. To handle long entity names with extraneous tokens, we propose techniques to effectively map long entity names to short queries in query log. Our experiments on real data from different entity domains demonstrate the superior quality of our synonyms as well as the efficiency of our algorithms. The entity synonyms produced by our system is in production in Bing Shopping and Video search, with experiments showing the significance it brings in improving search experience.
Design and Implementation of Position Sensorless Starting Control in Industrial Drives With Output Filter and Transformer for Oil/Pump Applications (2018)

An open velocity loop current regulated sensorless control scheme for both induction and permanent magnetic motor drives with an output sine wave filter and transformer is designed and implemented in this paper. The proposed control scheme provides a low-voltage drive solution for driving medium-voltage motors without substantially oversizing the inverter. Sufficient starting torque is guaranteed with controlled drive and motor current. Laboratory proof-of-concept tests and experimental results on an actual deep well have validated the effectiveness of the proposed control scheme.
Vortex flowmeter designed with wall pressure measurement (1990)

An axisymmetric bluff body is proposed for a vortex flowmeter as the vortex shedder. It is found that vortex shedding frequencies measured can be nondimensionalized into a unified relation for area blockage ratios of circular disks up to 29.2% and Reynolds numbers in a range of 2.5×103–9.7×104. Vortex shedding frequency can be clearly sensed by a pressure transducer installed on the pipe wall in the neighborhood of the maximum pressure fluctuation being measured. This suggests a feasible design that the sensor of a flowmeter can be removed from the flow field.
The cellular ROS-scavenging function, a key factor determining the specific vulnerability of cancer cells to cold atmospheric plasma in vitro (2017)

Cold atmospheric plasma (CAP) has shown its promising application in cancer treatment both in vitro and in vivo. However, the anti-cancer mechanism is still largely unknown. CAP may kill cancer cells via triggering the rise of intracellular ROS, DNA damage, mitochondrial damage, or cellular membrane damage. While, the specific vulnerability of cancer cells to CAP has been observed, the underlying mechanism of such cell-based specific vulnerability to CAP is completely unknown. Here, through the comparison of CAP treatment and H2O2 treatment on 10 different cancer cell lines in vitro, we observed that the H2O2 consumption speed by cancer cells was strongly correlated to the cytotoxicity of CAP treatment on cancer cells. Cancer cells that clear extracellular H2O2 more quickly are more resistant to the cytotoxicity of CAP treatment. This finding strongly indicates that the anti-oxidant system in cancer cells play a key role in the specific vulnerability of cancer cells to CAP treatment in vitro.
Surface engineered ferroelectric domains in congruent lithium niobate crystals (2003)

Summary from only given. A method for the construction of periodically inverted ferroelectric domains near the surface region of congruent LiNbO/sub 3/ and LiNbO/sub 3/ waveguides has been investigated. For periods as short as 1 /spl mu/m the domain inverted area overlaps well with the guided optical fields in these structures presenting a promising route for the fabrication of efficient first order QPM nonlinear optical devices. Further work on the conditions for the optimization of the mark-to-space ratio for the periodic domains as well as characterization of the waveguide-SHG devices is under way.
Effect of silicon nitride microstructure on characteristics of FSW tool for steel and tool life (2023)

Friction stir welding (FSW) has been widely used in the welding of low melting point metal, such as Al alloy or Cu alloy. However, high melting point metal, such as Fe alloy, it is difficult to be welded by FSW because of short life or the high price of FSW tools. Silicon nitride tool can have both long life and low cost. In order to obtain design guideline for silicon nitride FSW tool, the relationship between the mechanical properties and tool life was examined. Two silicon nitride materials which had different microstructure were prepared. One of them had lower high-temperature mechanical properties and the other had higher properties. Tools made by them could join the SUS 304 plate under the following conditions; welding speed was lower than 1000 mm/min, and revolutional pitch was lower than 1.8 mm/r. Even the tool which had excellent mechanical properties at high temperature worn faster when the joining temperature was 950 °C or higher. The tool with excellent high-temperature mechanical properties had a tool life 6 times longer than the other tool. It is considered the life of the tool was improved when the crystallization of the grain boundary phase promoted the rise in the melting point of the grain boundary phase and the precipitation of silicon oxide during FSW.
Crystal structure of CD27 in complex with a neutralizing noncompeting antibody (2017)

CD27 is a T-cell and B-cell co-stimulatory glycoprotein of the tumor necrosis factor (TNF) receptor superfamily that is dependent on the availability of the TNF-like ligand CD70. Therapeutic approaches to treating autoimmune diseases and cancers with antagonistic and agonistic anti-CD27 monoclonal antibodies (mAbs), respectively, have recently been developed. Mouse anti-human CD27 mAb 2177 shows potency in neutralizing CD70-induced signaling; however, it does not block the binding of soluble CD70. To provide insight into the mechanism of action of the mAb, the crystal structure of the CD27 extracellular domain in complex with the Fab fragment of mAb 2177 was determined at 1.8 Å resolution. CD27 exhibits the assembly of cysteine-rich domains characteristic of the TNF receptor superfamily. The structure reveals a unique binding site of mAb 2177 at the edge of the receptor molecule, which allows the mAb to sterically block the cell-bound form of CD70 from reaching CD27 while leaving the ligand epitope clear. This mode of action suggests a potential dual use of mAb 2177 either as an antagonist or as an agonist.
Neurotransmitter-lnduced Hypothalamic-Pituitary-Adrenal Axis Responsiveness Is Defective in Inflammatory Disease-Susceptible Lewis Rats: In vivo and in vitro Studies Suggesting Globally Defective Hypothalamic Secretion of Corticotropin-Releasing Hormone (1992)

The susceptibility of female Lewis (LEW/N) rats to the development of streptococcal cell wall (SCW)-induced arthritis and other autoimmune phenomena is associated with the inability of their hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis to adequately respond to inflammatory stimuli. In contrast, resistance to the development of SCW-induced arthritis and other inflammatory autoimmune manifestations in histocompatible female Fischer rats (F344/N) is related to their intact HPA axis response to inflammatory mediators. To evaluate the mechanism and the specificity of the HPA axis defect in LEW/N rats, we examined the ability of three major excitatory neurotransmitter systems to activate the HPA axis in both Lewis and Fisher rats. The responsiveness of plasma ACTH and corticosterone to the cholinergic muscarinic receptor agonist arecoline, the alpha 1-adrenergic receptor agonist methoxamine and the serotonin (5-HT) type 2 receptor agonist 1-(2,5-dimethoxy-4-iodophenyl)2-aminopropane were significantly blunted and/or abolished in LEW/N compared to F344/N rats. To localize the HPA axis defect to the hypothalamic CRH neuron, we evaluated the ability of explanted hypothalami from the two strains to secrete immunoreactive CRH in vitro, in response to acetylcholine (ACh), norepinephrine (NE), 5-HT and the 5-HT agonist quipazine. LEW/N hypothalami released less immunoreactive CRH (iCRH) in response to ACh, NE, 5-HT and quipazine than F344/N hypothalami. The dose-response curves of these compounds in the former were shifted to the right and/or abolished, suggesting decreased sensitivity of LEW/N hypothalami to these neurotransmitters.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Interaction of nanoparticles and cell-penetrating peptides with skin for transdermal drug delivery (2010)

Topical or transdermal drug delivery is challenging because the skin acts as a natural and protective barrier. Therefore, several methods have been examined to increase the permeation of therapeutic molecules into and through the skin. One approach is to use the nanoparticulate delivery system. Starting with liposomes and other vesicular systems, several other types of nanosized drug carriers have been developed such as solid lipid nanoparticles, nanostructured lipid carriers, polymer-based nanoparticles and magnetic nanoparticles for dermatological applications. This review article discusses how different particulate systems can interact and penetrate into the skin barrier. In this review, the effectiveness of nanoparticles, as well as possible mode of actions of nanoparticles, is presented. In addition to nanoparticles, cell-penetrating peptide (CPP)-mediated drug delivery into the skin and the possible mechanism of CPP-derived delivery into the skin is discussed. Lastly, the effectiveness and possible mechanism of CPP-modified nanocarriers into the skin are addressed.
Trimodal spectra for high discrimination of benign and malignant prostate tissue (2011)

High false positives and over diagnosis is a major problem with management of prostate cancer. A non-invasive or a minimally invasive technique to accurately distinguish malignant prostate cancers from benign tumors will be extremely helpful to overcome this problem. In this paper, we had used three different fluorescence spectroscopy techniques viz., Fluorescence Emission Spectrum (FES), Stokes' Shift Spectrum (SSS) and Reflectance Spectrum (RS) to discriminate benign prostate tumor tissues (N=12) and malignant prostate cancer tissues (N=8). These fluorescence techniques were used to determine the relative concentration of naturally occurring biomolecules such as tryptophan, elastin, NADH and flavin which are found to be out of proportion in cancer tissues. Our studies show that combining all three techniques, benign and malignant prostate tissues could be classified with accuracy greater than 90%. This preliminary report is based on in vitro spectroscopy analysis. However, by employing fluorescence endoscopy techniques, this can be extended to in vivo analysis as well. This technique has the potential to identify malignant prostate tissues without surgery.
Design of Chiral Honeycomb Meso-Structures for High Shear Flexure (2010)

Chiral honeycombs are auxetic cellular structures that exhibits negative Poison’s ratio. Chiral honeycombs are structures arranged in an array of cylinders connected by ligaments. Four different configurations of these geometries with 4- and 6- ligaments attached are investigated for its use in shear layer of non-pneumatic wheel. The objective of the study is to find an ideal geometry for the shear layer while meeting its requirements of shear properties (about 6.5 MPa effective shear modulus and 0.15 maximum effective shear strain) with polycarbonate as base material. Finite Element (FE) based numerical tests are carried out and optimum chiral meso-structures are found for the target shear properties. Parametric studies on geometries are also conducted to find the effect of geometries on the target properties. The effect of cell wall thickness is studied and the optimum thickness is suggested to meet the target requirements. Effect of direction of shear loading has been studied on each different configuration in order to minimize the effect of direction of loading.
Integrated feature-based and geometric CAD data exchange (2004)

Data exchange between CAD systems is an extremely important solid modeling concept, fundamental both for the theory of the field and for its practical applications. The two main data exchange (DE) paradigms are geometric and parametric DE. Geometric DE is the ordinary method, in which the boundary representation of the object is exchanged. Parametric (or feature-based) DE is a novel method where, given a parametric history (feature) graph in a source system, the goal is to construct a graph in the target system that results in similar geometry while preserving as much parametric information as possible. Each method has its uses and associated problems.In this paper, we introduce Geometry Per Feature (GPF), a method for integration of parametric and geometric data exchange at the single part (object) level. Features can be exchanged either parametrically or geometrically, according to user guidelines and system constraints. At the target system, the resulting model is represented using a history tree, regardless of the amount of original parametric features that have been rewritten as geometric ones. Using this method we maximize the exchange of overall parametric data and overcome one of the main stumbling blocks for feature-based data exchange.
New crystalline soft magnetic alloy with high saturation magnetization (invited) (1987)

Extensive study was made on Fe-base crystalline alloys in search for new soft magnetic materials with high saturation magnetization by means of sputtering technique. It revealed that newly found FeGaSi and FeAlGe alloy systems possessed excellent soft magnetic properties with remarkably higher saturation magnetization. These new alloy films, annealed in vacuum at 500 °C for 1 h, show the magnetic properties of Bs=13 and 15 kG, Hc=0.09 and 0.20 Oe, and μ1 MHz=2000 and 1800 for the FeGaSi and FeAlGe alloy films of 2 μm in thickness, respectively. These values are superior to those of FeAlSi (sendust) alloy which is a typical soft magnetic material with high saturation magnetization. Results of the Co-added systems of FeCoGaSi and FeCoAlGe alloys are also presented. Discussions are given on various systems of Fe base crystalline alloy films studied, which are classified into four types of groups with respect to magnetic softness.
Recyclable organic solar cells on cellulose nanocrystal substrates (2013)

Solar energy is potentially the largest source of renewable energy at our disposal, but significant advances are required to make photovoltaic technologies economically viable and, from a life-cycle perspective, environmentally friendly, and consequently scalable. Cellulose nanomaterials are emerging high-value nanoparticles extracted from plants that are abundant, renewable, and sustainable. Here, we report on the first demonstration of efficient polymer solar cells fabricated on optically transparent cellulose nanocrystal (CNC) substrates. The solar cells fabricated on the CNC substrates display good rectification in the dark and reach a power conversion efficiency of 2.7%. In addition, we demonstrate that these solar cells can be easily separated and recycled into their major components using low-energy processes at room temperature, opening the door for a truly recyclable solar cell technology. Efficient and easily recyclable organic solar cells on CNC substrates are expected to be an attractive technology for sustainable, scalable, and environmentally-friendly energy production.
Human apolipoprotein A-I and A-I mimetic peptides: potential for atherosclerosis reversal (2004)

The quality of HDL may be more important than HDL-cholesterol levels. ApoA-I and apoA-I mimetic peptides appear to have significant therapeutic potential in atherosclerosis.
A XOR data compiler: Combined with physical unclonable function for true random number generation (2017)

Mathematically generated random number could be weak, while the randomness created physical elements often have insufficient entropy. This paper describes a XOR compiler having the potential to be a true random numbers generator (TRNG), leveraging physical unclonable functions (PUF) designed with memory products. The initial randomness is created by testing only the cells of the memory arrays that are naturally unstable under repetitive measurements, and can easily switch back and forth between a “1” to a “0”, thereby generating a random data stream. The level of randomness of this data stream is then enhanced to generate the TRNG. In this paper we are presenting two complementary elements: i) how a fast XOR data compiler, while processing the data available from multiple ternary cells, can create an extremely high level of randomness; and ii) how a combinational probability model allows the quantification of the level of randomness of the TRNG. Deviations of absolute randomness of these TRNG in terms of probability to be non-random can be lower than 10 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">−10</sup> which is accepted as non-detectable for existing and computers of the foreseeable future.