gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Dorsal root ganglion stimulation yielded higher treatment success rate for complex regional pain syndrome and causalgia at 3 and 12 months: a randomized comparative trial (2016)

Animal and human studies indicate that electrical stimulation of dorsal root ganglion (DRG) neurons may modulate neuropathic pain signals. ACCURATE, a pivotal, prospective, multicenter, randomized comparative effectiveness trial, was conducted in 152 subjects diagnosed with complex regional pain syndrome or causalgia in the lower extremities. Subjects received neurostimulation of the DRG or dorsal column (spinal cord stimulation, SCS). The primary end point was a composite of safety and efficacy at 3 months, and subjects were assessed through 12 months for long-term outcomes and adverse events. The predefined primary composite end point of treatment success was met for subjects with a permanent implant who reported 50% or greater decrease in visual analog scale score from preimplant baseline and who did not report any stimulation-related neurological deficits. No subjects reported stimulation-related neurological deficits. The percentage of subjects receiving ≥50% pain relief and treatment success was greater in the DRG arm (81.2%) than in the SCS arm (55.7%, P < 0.001) at 3 months. Device-related and serious adverse events were not different between the 2 groups. Dorsal root ganglion stimulation also demonstrated greater improvements in quality of life and psychological disposition. Finally, subjects using DRG stimulation reported less postural variation in paresthesia (P < 0.001) and reduced extraneous stimulation in nonpainful areas (P = 0.014), indicating DRG stimulation provided more targeted therapy to painful parts of the lower extremities. As the largest prospective, randomized comparative effectiveness trial to date, the results show that DRG stimulation provided a higher rate of treatment success with less postural variation in paresthesia intensity compared to SCS.
Early Intervention with an Estrogen Receptor β-Selective Phytoestrogenic Formulation Prolongs Survival, Improves Spatial Recognition Memory, and Slows Progression of Amyloid Pathology in a Female Mouse Model of Alzheimer's Disease (2013)

Our recent developments have yielded a novel phytoestrogenic formulation, referred to as the phyto-β-SERM formulation, which exhibits an 83-fold binding selectivity for the estrogen receptor subtype β (ERβ) over ERα. Earlier studies indicate that the phyto-β-SERM formulation is neuroprotective and promotes estrogenic mechanisms in the brain while devoid of feminizing activity in the periphery. Further investigation in a mouse model of human menopause indicates that chronic exposure to the phyto-β-SERM formulation at a clinically relevant dosage prevents/alleviates menopause-related climacteric symptoms. This study assessed the efficacy, in an early intervention paradigm, of the phyto-β-SERM formulation in the regulation of early stages of physical and neurological changes associated with Alzheimer's disease (AD) in a female triple transgenic mouse model of AD. Results demonstrated that, when initiated prior to the appearance of AD pathology, a 9-month dietary supplementation with the phyto-β-SERM formulation promoted physical health, prolonged survival, improved spatial recognition memory, and attenuated amyloid-β deposition and plaque formation in the brains of treated AD mice. In comparison, dietary supplementation of a commercial soy extract preparation showed no effect on cognitive measures, although it appeared to have a positive impact on amyloid pathology. In overall agreement with the behavioral and histological outcomes, results from a gene expression profiling analysis offered insights on the underlying molecular mechanisms associated with the two dietary treatments. In particular, the data suggests that there may be a crosstalk between ERβ and glycogen synthase kinase 3 signaling pathways that could play a role in conferring ERβ-mediated neuroprotection against AD. Taken together, these results support the therapeutic potential of the phyto-β-SERM formulation for prevention and/or early intervention of AD, and warrants further investigations in human studies.
A mesostructured Y zeolite as a superior FCC catalyst – from lab to refinery (2012)

A mesostructured Y zeolite was prepared by a surfactant-templated process at the commercial scale and tested in a refinery, showing superior hydrothermal stability and catalytic cracking selectivity, which demonstrates, for the first time, the promising future of mesoporous zeolites in large scale industrial applications.
Silver Oxide Coatings with High Silver-Ion Elution Rates and Characterization of Bactericidal Activity (2017)

This paper reports the synthesis and characterization of silver oxide films for use as bactericidal coatings. Synthesis parameters, dissolution/elution rate, and bactericidal efficacy are reported. Synthesis conditions were developed to create AgO, Ag₂O, or mixtures of AgO and Ag₂O on surfaces by reactive magnetron sputtering. The coatings demonstrate strong adhesion to many substrate materials and impede the growth of all bacterial strains tested. The coatings are effective in killing <i>Escherichia coli</i> and <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i>, demonstrating a clear zone-of-inhibition against bacteria growing on solid media and the ability to rapidly inhibit bacterial growth in planktonic culture. Additionally, the coatings exhibit very high elution of silver ions under conditions that mimic dynamic fluid flow ranging between 0.003 and 0.07 ppm/min depending on the media conditions. The elution of silver ions from the AgO/Ag₂O surfaces was directly impacted by the complexity of the elution media, with a reduction in elution rate when examined in complex cell culture media. Both <i>E. coli</i> and <i>S. aureus</i> were shown to bind ~1 ppm Ag⁺/mL culture. The elution of Ag⁺ resulted in no increases in mammalian cell apoptosis after 24 h exposure compared to control, but apoptotic cells increased to ~35% by 48 and 72 h of exposure. Taken together, the AgO/Ag₂O coatings described are effective in eliciting antibacterial activity and have potential for application on a wide variety of surfaces and devices.
A 28-nm 6-GHz 2-bit Continuous-Time ΔΣ ADC With −101-dBc THD and 120-MHz Bandwidth Using Blind Digital DAC Error Correction (2022)

In this article, a 6-GHz, 2-bit, fourth-order continuous-time delta–sigma (CT <inline-formula xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\Delta \Sigma $ </tex-math></inline-formula> ) analog-to-digital converter (ADC) fabricated in 28-nm CMOS is presented. It achieves −101- and −105-dBc total harmonic distortion (THD)/third-order inter-modulation (IM3) typically and 72.3-dB signal to noise and distortion ratio (SNDR) in 120-MHz bandwidth (BW). The ADC comprises four cascaded integrators with inverter-based amplifiers, an offset compensated 2-bit quantizer, and calibrated 2-bit feedback (FB) digital-to-analog converter (DAC). The DAC and quantizer employ blind digital calibration techniques enabling the wideband linearity performance. The ADC does not require any external test signal during calibration. The power dissipation of the modulator core, including demultiplexer, is 108.8 mW.
Optical spectroscopy studies of diseased skin: preliminary results (1996)

A PC plug-in spectrometer has been used clinically to collect autofluorescence and diffuse reflectance spectral data from various skin lesions including skin cancer. To date, 82 patients with a total of 141 diseased skin sites have been measured. Our database on the spectroscopic properties of diseased skin has been enlarged. Analysis of these preliminary data confirmed our previous observations that certain types of skin lesions possess consistent characteristic autofluorescence and diffuse reflectance properties. These spectral characteristics can help the differential diagnosis in dermatology practice.
Optimization of huff-n-puff gas injection in shale oil reservoirs (2017)

Earlier studies show that huff-n-puff injection is preferred to continuous gas flooding to improve liquid oil production in shale oil reservoirs. Compared to gas flooding, huff-n-puff has more operational parameters to optimize so that liquid oil production can be maximized. This paper is to discuss the optimum huff-n-puff times, number of cycles and soaking time under practical operational and reservoir conditions. The operational and reservoir conditions dictate the maximum injection and production rates, and the maximum injection pressure and minimum production pressure. The numerical simulation results and discussions show that the optimum huff time is so long that the pressure near the wellbore reaches the set maximum injection pressure during the huff period; and the optimum puff time is the time required for the pressure near the wellbore to reach the set minimum production pressure during the puff period. The benefits of soaking may not compensate the loss in injection and production due to the time lost in the soaking period. Therefore, soaking may not be necessary during the huff-n-puff gas injection in shale oil reservoirs. The number of huff-n-puff cycles is determined when an economic rate cut-off is reached.
Towards night fog detection through use of in-vehicle multipurpose cameras (2011)

Compared to daytime, a larger proportion of accident happens during nighttime. The altered visibility of the road scene for the drivers may partially explain this situation. The latter becomes worse in fog presence. In this paper, two camera-based methods are proposed to detect the presence of night fog in images grabbed by in-vehicle multipurpose cameras. They rely on the visual effects of night fog. A first approach can assess the presence of fog around the vehicle thanks to the detection of the backscattered veil induced by the vehicle ego lights. It aims at detecting fog when the vehicle is alone in absence of exterior public lighting. A second approach can assess the presence of fog thanks to the detection of halos around light sources in the vehicle environment. It aims at detecting fog in presence of road traffic or public lighting. Both methods are presented and illustrated with actual images of fog. Their complementarity makes it possible to envision a complete night fog detection system. There are numerous applications for such a system: automation or adaptation of vehicle lights, contextual speed computation and reliability improvement for camera-based systems.
Metabolomics studies identify novel diagnostic and prognostic indicators in patients with alcoholic hepatitis (2016)

Metabolomics plasma analyte levels might be used to diagnose of AH or help predict patient prognoses.
Progress in near-field scanning optical microscopy (NSOM) (1988)

The concept of near field scanning optical microscopy was first described more than thirty years ago1 almost two decades before the validity of the technique was verified experimentally for electromagnetic radiation of 3cm wavelength.2 The extension of the method to the visible region of the spectrum took another decade since it required the development of micropositioning and aperture fabrication on a scale five orders of magnitude smaller than that used for the microwave experiments. Since initial reports on near field optical imaging8-6, there has been a growing effort by ourselves6 and other groups7 to extend the technology and develop the near field scanning optical microscope (NSOM) into a useful tool to complement conventional (i.e., far field) scanning optical microscopy (SOM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and scanning tunneling microscopy. In the context of this symposium on “Microscopy Without Lenses”, NSOM can be thought of as an addition to the exploding field of scanned tip microscopy although we did not originally conceive it as such.
Only high-affinity receptors for interleukin 2 mediate internalization of ligand. (1986)

Interleukin 2 (IL-2) receptors are expressed on activated T cells and in select T-cell leukemias. Recently, it has been demonstrated that at least two classes of receptor for IL-2 exist with markedly different affinities for ligand. All known biological actions of IL-2 have been correlated with occupancy of high-affinity sites; the function of the low-affinity sites remains unknown. Receptor-mediated endocytosis is the primary means of internalization of cell-surface receptors and their ligands. The internalization of IL-2 bound to high- and low-affinity receptor sites was studied in a human T-cell lymphotrophic virus type 1 (HTLV-1)-infected human T-cell leukemia cell line and in a cloned murine cytotoxic T-cell line (CTLL). Internalization of IL-2 occurred only when bound to high-affinity sites. In addition, an anti-receptor antibody (anti-Tac), which binds equally well to high- and low-affinity sites, demonstrated no detectable internalization. The implications of these findings as they relate to IL-2 receptor structure and function are discussed.
Gamut Mapping to Preserve Spatial Luminance Variations (2001)

A spatial gamut mapping technique is proposed to overcome the shortcomings encountered with standard pointwise gamut mapping algorithms by preserving spatially local luminance variations in the original image. It does so by first processing the image through a standard pointwise gamut-mapping algorithm. The difference between the original image luminance Y and gamut mapped image luminance Y' is calculated. A spatial filter is then applied to this difference signal, whose output is added back to the gamut mapped signal Y'. The filtering operation can cause some pixel colors that lie near the gamut boundary to be moved outside of the gamut, hence a second gamut mapping step is required to move these pixel colors back into the gamut. Finally, all pixels are processed through a color correction function for the output device, and rendered for that device. The algorithm is designed to reduce many of the artifacts arising from standard pointwise techniques. Psychophysical experiments indicated an observer preference for the proposed algorithm.
A carboxy-terminal truncation of human alpha-galactosidase A in a heterozygous female with Fabry disease and modification of the enzymatic activity by the carboxy-terminal domain. Increased, reduced, or absent enzyme activity depending on number of amino acid residues deleted. (1996)

Fabry disease is an X-linked disorder of glycosphingolipid metabolism caused by a deficiency of alpha-galactosidase A (alpha-Gal A). We identified a novel mutation of alpha-Gal A gene in a family with Fabry disease, which converted a tyrosine at codon 365 to a stop and resulted in a truncation of the carboxy (C) terminus by 65 amino acid (AA) residues. In a heterozygote of this family, although the mutant and normal alleles were equally transcribed in cultured fibroblasts, lymphocyte alpha-Gal A activity was approximately 30% of the normal control and severe clinical symptoms were apparent. COS-1 cells transfected with this mutant cDNA showed a complete loss of its enzymatic activity. Furthermore, those cotransfected with mutant and wildtype cDNAs showed a lower alpha-Gal A activity than those with wild type alone (approximately 30% of wild type alone), which suggested the dominant negative effect of this mutation and implied the importance of the C terminus for its activity. Thus, we generated mutant cDNAs with various deletion of the C terminus, and analyzed. Unexpectedly, alpha-Gal A activity was enhanced by up to sixfold compared with wild-type when from 2 to 10 AA residues were deleted. In contrast, deletion of 12 or more AA acid residues resulted in a complete loss of enzyme activity. Our data suggest that the C-terminal region of alpha-Gal A plays an important role in the regulation of its enzyme activity.
Characterization and Specification of a Trivalent Protein-Based Pneumococcal Vaccine Formulation Using an Adjuvant-Free Nanogel Nasal Delivery System (2021)

We previously developed a safe and effective nasal vaccine delivery system using a self-assembled nanosized hydrogel (nanogel) made from a cationic cholesteryl pullulan. Here, we generated three pneumococcal surface protein A (PspA) fusion antigens as a universal pneumococcal nasal vaccine and then encapsulated each PspA into a nanogel and mixed the three resulting monovalent formulations into a trivalent nanogel-PspA formulation. First, to characterize the nanogel-PspA formulations, we used native polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (PAGE) to determine the average number of PspA molecules encapsulated per nanogel molecule. Second, we adopted two methods-a densitometric method based on lithium dodecyl sulfate (LDS)-PAGE and a biologic method involving sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA)-to determine the PspA content in the nanogel formulations. Third, treatment of nanogel-PspA formulations by adding methyl-β-cyclodextrin released each PspA in its native form, as confirmed through circular dichroism (CD) spectroscopy. However, when nanogel-PspA formulations were heat-treated at 80 °C for 16 h, CD spectroscopy showed that each PspA was released in a denatured form. Fourth, we confirmed that the nanogel-PspA formulations were internalized into nasal mucosa effectively and that each PspA was gradually released from the nanogel in epithelial cells in mice. Fifth, LDS-PAGE densitometry and ELISA both indicated that the amount of trivalent PspA was dramatically decreased in the heat-treated nanogel compared with that before heating. When mice were immunized nasally using the heat-treated formulation, the immunologic activity of each PspA was dramatically reduced compared with that of the untreated formulation; in both cases, the immunologic activity correlated well with the content of each PspA as determined by LDS-PAGE densitometry and ELISA. Finally, we confirmed that the trivalent nanogel-PspA formulation induced equivalent titers of PspA-specific serum IgG and mucosal IgA Abs in immunized mice. These results show that the specification methods we developed effectively characterized our nanogel-based trivalent PspA nasal vaccine formulation.
Interlaboratory agreement in a polymerase chain reaction-based human papillomavirus DNA assay. (1996)

Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute. Bethesda. Maryland 20892 LA. W. H., K-L L., M. 5.1; Albert Einstein College of Medicine of Yeshiva University, Bronx, New York 10461 ER. D. B.1; Institute of Epidemiology, National Taiwan University, Taipei. Taiwan. Republic of China [C-J. C., S-L. Y.l; Roche Molecular Systems, Alameda, Califomia 94501 IT. Z.l; Chiron Corporation. Emeryville. California 94608 [C. E. Gb; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, National Taiwan University Hospital IC-Y. HI; and Taipei Institute of Pathology, Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China IT. W. HI; The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland 21205 IT-C. W., M. M. MI; and Armed Forces Institute of Pathology, Washington, DC 20306-6000 IT. J. 0, J. D. S.]
Isotope Enrichment in Laser-Ablation Plumes and Commensurately Deposited Thin Films (1999)

A highly efficient isotope enrichment process is observed directly in laser-ablation plumes generated from ultrafast laser pulses focused on a solid surface. Data are presented for boron nitride and gallium nitride targets using laser pulses of 150--200 fs at 780 nm wavelength. Isotope ratios for B and Ga are observed in a time-of-flight spherical-sector electrostatic analyzer. Enrichment factors of 2 or more above natural abundance are observed for the ratios of ${\mathrm{B}}^{10}/{\mathrm{B}}^{11}$ as well as for ${\mathrm{Ga}}^{69}/{\mathrm{Ga}}^{71}$. These same plumes are used to deposit isotopically enriched films of boron nitride on silicon.
Chip-based Frequency Comb with Microwave Repetition Rate (2011)

A silicon-chip microcomb accessing the important microwave-rate FSR range is reported. 22.9 and 33.2 GHz comb spacing devices are demonstrated having 200 comb lines, 200 Hz comb heterodyne beat and threshold as low as 2.3 mW.
A Design Method for $\Delta\sum$ Force-Feedback Accelerometer Interface Systems (2020)

Delta-Sigma (ΔΣ) technique represents an optimum way for realizing force-feedback electromechanical systems, especially for capacitive sensors. However, when operating the sensor in feedback, the stability of the system becomes a concern, particularly, in ΔΣ-based systems, and the higher the order of the system, the harder it becomes to achieve stability. Hence, following a systematic design flow for these systems is essential. While the design of stable electrical ΔΣ loops is well established, the design of electromechanical ΔΣ loops presents a challenge due to the nature of the capacitive sensor resonator. In this work, a way to stabilize high-order ΔΣ-based interface systems for inertial capacitive sensors is introduced and a systematic design approach is proposed. The design approach is based on noise transfer function (NTF) matching which translates the system design problem to an NTF design problem as in electrical ΔΣ loops. The design approach is applied to the design of a fifth-order ΔΣ based interface for a capacitive accelerometer. The sensor has a 0.12 μg proof-mass, a resonance frequency of 1.8 kHz, a displacement-to-capacitance factor of 3.22 pF/μm and a feedback factor of 0.7 μN/V <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> . The designed system achieves a signal-to-quantization noise ratio (SQNR) of 181 dB.
Light pipe for high-intensity laser pulses (1993)

Optical guiding of intense laser pulses over a distance in excess of 20 Rayleigh lengths has recently been demonstrated 1 using a two pulse technique. The first pulse prepares a shock-driven, axially extended radial electron density profile which guides a second pulse, injected after an optimum delay which increases with mass of the plasma ions. More recent results include even longer guiding distances and spectroscopy of on-axis coherent emission.
Maternal Control of Embryogenesis by <i>MEDEA</i> , a <i>Polycomb</i> Group Gene in <i>Arabidopsis</i> (1998)

The gametophytic maternal effect mutant medea (mea) shows aberrant growth regulation during embryogenesis in Arabidopsis thaliana. Embryos derived from mea eggs grow excessively and die during seed desiccation. Embryo lethality is independent of the paternal contribution and gene dosage. The mea phenotype is consistent with the parental conflict theory for the evolution of parent-of-origin-specific effects. MEA encodes a SET domain protein similar to Enhancer of zeste, a member of the Polycomb group. In animals, Polycomb group proteins ensure the stable inheritance of expression patterns through cell division and regulate the control of cell proliferation.
Transcript levels of the intermediate size or grey zone fragile X mental retardation 1 alleles are raised, and correlate with the number of CGG repeats (2006)

The ambiguities associated with the definition and transcription dynamics of the FMR1 gene within the grey zone range are dealt with. There may be specific phenotypes associated with the toxic "gain-of-function" effect of raised mRNA.
Six New Gaucher Disease Mutations (1998)

Six previously undescribed mutations were identified in 6 unrelated Gaucher disease patients: 437C-->T (107Ser-->Leu), 593C-->T (159Pro-->Leu), 604C-->T (163Arg-->Stop), 1138G-->A (341Ala-->Thr), 1214G-->A (366Ser-->Asn), 1294T-->A (393Trp-->Arg). Five patients were compound heterozygotes and 1 patient was a 593T/593T homozygote. Four patients had type I Gaucher disease with mild clinical phenotypes. Two other patients manifested central nervous system involvement (type II and type III).