gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Frame-specific statistical features for speaker independent speech recognition (1986)

The performance of current speaker independent speech recognition technology is limited by the inadequacy of the measures of the speech data to discriminate between different speech sounds. In particular, two critical assumptions that underlie and limit most current recognition techniques are that: 1) speech data from different frames are statistically independent (e.g., there are no between-frame interactions); and 2) speech data statistics are independent of phonetic events (e.g., distance measures are fixed and independent of input or reference speech). In the context of speaker independent isolated digit recognition, improved recognition performance is demonstrated by: 1) explicitly modeling the correlation between spectral measurements of adjacent frames; and 2) using a distance measure which is a function of the recognition reference frame being used. A statistical model was created from a 2464 token database (2 tokens of each of 11 words "zero" through "nine" and "oh") for 112 speakers. Primary features include energy and filter bank amplitudes. Interspeaker variability was estimated by time aligning all training tokens and creating an ensemble of 224 feature vectors for each reference frame. Normal distributions were then estimated individually for each frame jointly with its neighbors. Testing was performed on a multidialect database of 2486 spoken digit tokens collected from 113 (different) speakers using maximum-likelihood decision methods. The substitution rate dropped from 1.7 to 1.4 percent with incorporation of between-frame statistics, and further to 0.6 percent with incorporation of frame-specific statistics in the likelihood model.
View planning to increase the visibility for observing micro objects using a variable view imaging system (2009)

Insufficient vision information using a conventional vision system with fixed optical parameters cannot meet the requirement for observation of micro parts with complex shapes in microassembly and micromanipulation. Small field of view, occlusion and low depth resolution are important issues. This paper presents a view planning method to increase the visibility for observation of micro objects using a variable view imaging system. The system integrates a telecentric scanner and a double wedge prisms system which can supply a flexible view with adjustable view angle and position. The best view angle is calculated by maximize the resolution of the interest surface under acceptable occlusion level. The view position is steered by visual feedback method which can keep the target inside of field of view. Simulations and experiment results shows the feasibility of the proposed approach.
Deep sequencing with longitudinal sampling of a VRC01-like-antibody response in a chronically infected individual (2012)

VRC01-like antibodies use heavy chain mimicry of the CD4-receptor to achieve effective neutralization of HIV-1. The VRC01-like antibodies that have been observed in a number of HIV-1-infected individuals (i) display extensive somatic changes (70-100 nucleotide changes in VH-gene), (ii) can be detected only after several years of infection, (iii) derive from VH1-2, and (iv) are compatible with several different heavy J chains and different light chains.
ICFHR2014 Competition on Arabic Writer Identification Using AHTID/MW and KHATT Databases (2014)

This paper describes the first edition of the Arabic writer identification competition using AHTID/MW and KHATT databases held in the context of the 14th International Conference on Frontiers in Handwriting Recognition (ICFHR2014). This competition has used the new freely available Arabic Handwritten Text Images Database written by Multiple Writers (AHTID/MW) and the Arabic handwritten text database called KHATT presented in ICFHR2012. We propose three tasks in this Arabic writer identification competition: the first and second are based respectively on word and text line level using the AHTID/MW database and the third one is paragraph based using the KHATT database. We received one system for the second task, three systems for the third task and none for the first task. All systems are tested in a blind manner using a set of images kept internal. A short description of the participating groups, their systems, the experimental setup, and the observed results are presented.
Antibody to the Type 3 Capsule Facilitates Immune Adherence of Pneumococci to Erythrocytes and Augments Their Transfer to Macrophages (2008)

Streptococcus pneumoniae has been shown to bind to erythrocytes via a process called immune adherence. This adherence and the subsequent transfer of pneumococci from erythrocytes to macrophages are both dependent on complement C3 deposition onto the pneumococcal surface. The observation that anti-capsule antibody increases C3 deposition on the pneumococcal capsule indicated that anti-capsule antibody may also facilitate the clearance of pneumococci through immune adherence. Using pneumococcal strain WU2 (capsule type 3) and its nonencapsulated mutant JD908, we found that monoclonal antibody (MAb) to type 3 capsule increases complement C3, C1q, and C4 deposition on WU2 and enhanced the immune adherence of WU2 to erythrocytes. The MAb to type 3 capsule also enhanced the transfer of WU2 from erythrocytes to macrophages. Moreover, the transfer reaction was inhibited by preincubating macrophages with anti-CR3 or anti-Fc gammaRIII/II MAb, indicating that CR3 and Fc gammaRIII/II on macrophages mediate this process. The transfer reactions of JD908 (opsonized with complement) and WU2 (opsonized with complement plus MAb to type 3 capsule) were similarly inhibited by anti-CR3 MAb, but only the latter was inhibited by anti-Fc gammaRIII/II MAb. This finding indicates that although complement and the macrophage receptor CR3 are essential for the transfer reaction, if antibody is present it can further enhance the transfer reaction through a process dependent on Fc gammaRIII/II. Using pre- and postvaccination sera of people immunized with the 23-valent pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccine, we confirmed that human anti-capsule antibodies are also able to increase the immune adherence of pneumococci and their transfer to macrophages.
Room-temperature codeposition growth technique for pinhole reduction in epitaxial CoSi2 on Si (111) (1988)

A solid phase epitaxy technique has been developed for the growth of CoSi2 films on Si (111) with no observable pinholes (103 cm−2 detection limit). The technique utilizes room-temperature codeposition of Co and Si in stoichiometric ratio, followed by the deposition of an amorphous Si capping layer and subsequent in situ annealing at 550–600 °C. CoSi2 films grown without the Si cap are found to have pinhole densities of 107–108 cm−2 when annealed at similar temperatures. A CF4 plasma etching technique was used to increase the visibility of the pinholes in the silicide layer. This plasma technique extends the pinhole detection resolution to 103 cm−2 and is independent of the pinhole size.
Synthetic and Receptor Signaling Explorations of the <i>Mitragyna</i> Alkaloids: Mitragynine as an Atypical Molecular Framework for Opioid Receptor Modulators (2016)

Mu-opioid receptor agonists represent mainstays of pain management. However, the therapeutic use of these agents is associated with serious side effects, including potentially lethal respiratory depression. Accordingly, there is a longstanding interest in the development of new opioid analgesics with improved therapeutic profiles. The alkaloids of the Southeast Asian plant Mitragyna speciosa, represented by the prototypical member mitragynine, are an unusual class of opioid receptor modulators with distinct pharmacological properties. Here we describe the first receptor-level functional characterization of mitragynine and related natural alkaloids at the human mu-, kappa-, and delta-opioid receptors. These results show that mitragynine and the oxidized analogue 7-hydroxymitragynine, are partial agonists of the human mu-opioid receptor and competitive antagonists at the kappa- and delta-opioid receptors. We also show that mitragynine and 7-hydroxymitragynine are G-protein-biased agonists of the mu-opioid receptor, which do not recruit β-arrestin following receptor activation. Therefore, the Mitragyna alkaloid scaffold represents a novel framework for the development of functionally biased opioid modulators, which may exhibit improved therapeutic profiles. Also presented is an enantioselective total synthesis of both (-)-mitragynine and its unnatural enantiomer, (+)-mitragynine, employing a proline-catalyzed Mannich-Michael reaction sequence as the key transformation. Pharmacological evaluation of (+)-mitragynine revealed its much weaker opioid activity. Likewise, the intermediates and chemical transformations developed in the total synthesis allowed the elucidation of previously unexplored structure-activity relationships (SAR) within the Mitragyna scaffold. Molecular docking studies, in combination with the observed chemical SAR, suggest that Mitragyna alkaloids adopt a binding pose at the mu-opioid receptor that is distinct from that of classical opioids.
Power system stabilization control based on the wide area phasor measurement (2008)

Abstract This paper presents a method of tuning power system stabilizers (PSS) in order to damp low‐frequency oscillations in a multimachine power system based on wide area phasor measurements. The authors have developed a method for detecting interarea low‐frequency modes from measured small oscillations associated with load fluctuations by approximating the oscillations as a coupled vibration model. In this paper, the coupled vibration model is extended to include the effect of PSS. PSS are tuned directly by using the extended model, since the model includes parameters of PSS. The advantage of this method is that steady state phasor fluctuations are available for tuning PSS and assessing the effect of the tuning control. That is, a large disturbance like a line fault is not necessary since the stability of major modes can be investigated directly by using eigenvalues of the extended model. The identification process does not require information on the input to the system for perturbation. Some numerical analyses demonstrate the effectiveness of the method by using phasor dynamical data obtained by a power system simulation package. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electr Eng Jpn, 163(1): 16–24, 2008; Published online in Wiley InterScience ( www.interscience.wiley.com ). DOI 10.1002/eej.20640
Controlling clipping probability in DMT transmission (2002)

A discrete multitone signal has a much higher peak to average ratio than a comparable single tone modulation signal. Therefore a DMT transmitter has to either have a significantly more expensive analog front end (both in terms of the DAC, the analog filter and line driver) or it has to control the amount of clipping. We describe two general techniques for clipping control and present performance comparisons to previous techniques.
An Adaptive Multiphase Multiscale Finite Volume Simulator for Heterogeneous Reservoirs (2005)

Abstract We developed an adaptive reservoir simulator for accurate modeling of multiphase flow and transport in large scale heterogeneous reservoirs. The simulator is based on a multiscale finite volume (MSFV) method. We describe both IMPES and sequential implicit formulations. The algorithms are sensitive to the specific characteristics of flow (i.e., pressure and total velocity) and transport (i.e., saturation). To obtain the fine scale (i.e., fine grid) flow field, two sets of basis functions - dual and primal - are constructed. The dual basis functions, which are associated with the dual coarse grid, are used to calculate the coarse scale transmissibilities. The fine scale pressure field is computed from the coarse grid pressure via superposition of the dual basis functions. Having a locally conservative fine scale velocity field is essential for accurate solution of the saturation equations (i.e., transport). The primal basis functions, which are associated with the primal coarse grid, are constructed for that purpose. The dual basis functions serve as boundary conditions to the primal basis functions. To resolve the fine scale flow field in and around wells, a special well basis function is devised. As with the other basis functions, we ensure that the support for the well basis is local. Our MSFV simulator is designed for adaptive computation of both flow and transport in the course of a simulation run. Adaptive computation of the flow field is based on the time change of the total mobility field and triggers selective updates of basis functions. The key to achieving scalable (efficient for large problems) adaptive computation of flow and transport is the use of high fidelity basis functions with local support. We demonstrate the robustness and computational efficiency of the MSFV simulator using a variety of large heterogeneous reservoir models, including the SPE 10 comparative solution problem.
Underwater Ultrasonic Wave Transducer Using Interdigital Electrodes (1982)

An interdigital transducer (IDT), developed to excite surface acoustic waves, can emit longitudinal waves directly into liquid. The method of obtaining a convergence acoustic beam by designing the pattern of IDT is discussed in this paper. Also shown is that the acoustic reflection image of an object placed in water can be taken using the convergence beam.
Trans-Kingdom Transposition of the Maize <i>Dissociation</i> Element (2006)

Transposons are very valuable tools for genetic manipulation. However, the number of transposable elements that have been suitably adapted for experimental use is insufficient and the spectrum of heterologous hosts in which they have been deployed is restricted. To date, only transposons from animal hosts have been utilized in heterologous animal species and transposons of plant origin have been used in plant genetics. There has been no experimental evidence that any of the known elements could transpose in hosts belonging to both kingdoms. Here we demonstrate that the maize Dissociation (Ds) element is capable of effective Activator (Ac) transposase-mediated transposition in the zebrafish Danio rerio, yielding remarkable germline transmission rates. In addition, mammalian cells were also found to be conducive to Ds transposition. Furthermore, we demonstrate that nuclear localization of Ac transposase is essential for genomic Ds transposition. Our results support the hypothesis that Ac/Ds elements do not rely on host-specific factors for transposition and that host factors involved in their mobility mechanism are widely conserved. Finally, even in vertebrate cells, the Ac/Ds system displays accurate transposition, large-fragment carrying capacity, high transposition frequencies, efficient germline transmission, and reporter gene expression, all of which are advantageous for various genetic applications and animal biotechnology.
Analysis of the effect of the fluid-structure interface on elastic wave velocity in cornea-like structures by OCE and FEM (2016)

Air-pulse optical coherence elastography (OCE) is a promising technique for quantifying biomechanical properties of the cornea. This technique typically involves imaging and analysis of the propagation of the air-pulse induced elastic waves to reconstruct corneal biomechanical properties using an analytical model. However, the effect of the fluid-structure interface (FSI) at the corneal posterior surface on the elastic wave velocity is not accounted for in many models. In this study, we examined the effect of the FSI with OCE experiments on contact lenses with and without fluid in the posterior gap. Finite element models (FEM), also with and without the FSI, were constructed to simulate the elastic wave propagation based on the OCE measurements. The FEM and OCE results were in good agreement demonstrating the feasibility of the method. To further investigate the effect of the FSI, OCE experiments and subsequent FEM simulations were conducted on in situ rabbit corneas before and after rose bengal/green light corneal collagen cross-linking (RGX). Both the OCE experiments and the FE simulations demonstrated that the FSI significantly reduced the group velocity of the elastic wave, and thus, should be considered when determining corneal biomechanical properties from an appropriate mechanical model. By matching the FEM-calculated velocity to the OCE-measured velocity, the corneal elasticity was quantified. The Young's modulus of the rabbit cornea before RGX was E = 65 ± 10 kPa at a controlled intraocular pressure (IOP) of 15 mmHg. After RGX, the Young's modulus increased to E = 102 ± 7 kPa at the same IOP.
Optimum Synthesis of Mesoporous Silica Materials from Acidic Condition (2002)

Abstract On the basis of the mixtures composed of C n TMAB/acids/TEOS/water, the mesoporous materials with well‐ordered hexagonal structures can be synthesized under acidic condition (pH < 1.0) with a careful control of the silica condensation. However, the induction period time for the formation of surfactant‐silica precipitation varied with the employed acid source and decreased in the series: HNO 3 < HBr < HCl < H 2 SO 4 at the same acid concentration. Increasing the acid concentration not only induced a fast precipitation rate, but also provoked more nuclei seeds formation and reduced the particle size of the mesoporous silica products. A proper aging time is also significant for getting the well‐ordered mesoporous materials via acid route, and a longer aging time would induce a gradual decomposition of the mesostructures. For morphology, in acid synthetic medium, various interesting shell‐like curved patterns on the surface of mesoporous silica particles were formed. The physical properties (such as d‐spacing, pore size, BET surface area and porosity) of the calcined mesoporous silica are almost not affected by the nature of the acid source, but the pore size of the mesoporous materials can be tailored by varying the chain length of the surfactant. Adding the proper amount of ammonia solution for adjusting the pH value between 8–10 can improve the hexagonal mesostructures order of the mesoporous materials while maintaining the original morphology.
On-Line Measurement and Control of Microbiological Activity in Industrial Water Systems (2001)

Abstract Biocides are often dosed into cooling systems to reach specified concentrations, but are not linked in real-time to the total microbial contamination/activity present. This paper describes a method to determine total biological activity on-line, in real-time with fluorescent bio-reporters and how to use this information to control microbial activity with oxidizing/non-oxidizing biocides.
Temperature-insensitive long-period fiber gratings (1996)

Long period fiber gratings that couple light from a guided mode to cladding modes are now being used as gain equalizers1 and band-rejection filters in several optical fiber systems. While these devices work exceptionally well in such applications, they have a high temperature sensitivity, typically on the order of 5–15 nm/100°C.
The “Rutgers Ankle” Orthopedic Rehabilitation Interface (1999)

Abstract This paper presents a novel ankle rehabilitation device currently under development. The haptic interface component has a Stewart platform structure with pneumatic actuators controlled by an electronic interface. It allows movement of the ankle though its full range of motion. The system communicates with a PC through an RS232 port. The PC will run game-like virtual reality exercises that control the movement and output forces of the device. These simulations will make exercising more enjoyable, transparently recording patient progress for evaluation by therapists. The “Rutgers Ankle” Orthopedic Rehabilitation Interface will facilitate the healing of one of the most often injured joints of the body. Inherently safe and easy-to-operate, it will combine the capabilities of many current rehabilitation devices. This system will enhance rehabilitation routines by providing three types of exercises: strengthening, stretching, and balancing. Eventually, this system will allow patients to exercise in their homes while being monitored remotely by therapists or physicians.
Chain‐End and Chain‐Internal Crosslinking in “Latent Reactive” Silicon Elastomers (2005)

Abstract Summary: Latent reactivity has been employed to create processable elastomers constructed of carbosilane and either carbosiloxane or polyether segments. Two types of latent modes have been introduced: “chain‐internal” and “chain‐end” sites through the use of labile silicon methoxy and trifunctional olefinic functionalities. These latent reactive sites remain inert during formation of the linear copolymer; subsequent exposure to moisture triggers hydrolysis of the methoxy group and formation of a chemically crosslinked thermoset. These “chain‐end” sites limit the formation of dangling chains improving the overall mechanical properties of the material. The thermoset's mechanical response can be potentially varied from plastic to elastic behavior, depending on the ratio of hard and soft monomers employed. The concentration of “chain‐internal” and “chain‐end” crosslink sites enhances strength; modification to the run length and structure of the soft phase enhances elasticity, generating samples having moduli of 6 MPa, tensile strengths of 0.6 MPa and elongations of 400%. “Latent reactive” silicon elastomer. magnified image “Latent reactive” silicon elastomer.
Exploiting the Sparsity of the Sinusoidal Model Using Compressed Sensing for Audio Coding (2009)

International audience
Early and complete detection of HIV exposure. (1993)

Currently, HIV diagnosis relies on serology. Yet in groups at high risk for HIV serology is not sufficient because of the window period between infection and seroconversion. There is a growing body of reports on HIV-infected yet seronegative individuals. Some tests have been developed to identify exposure to HIV by its effect on the cells of the immune system that would differentiate following exposure to the foreign antigens. Detection, in vitro, of HIV-specific B and T cells in seronegative, at risk individuals has been reported. In only some of these individuals was an HIV infection confirmed by other methods. These new assays to detect HIV immunity enable us to identify two new groups among seronegative, at risk individuals; namely those with immunity to HIV and a detectable HIV infection (silent carriers), and those with immunity and no proof of infection. Both groups have been exposed to HIV yet are not being detected by serology. Both might hold information on other forms of HIV immunity, possibly a protective one. Thus there could be an important role for other immunological assays in early detection of HIV exposure.
Gel permeation chromatography of vegetable‐oil‐based printing ink vehicles (1992)

Abstract The apparent weight‐average molecular weights ( M w ) of ink vehicles made from soybean, safflower, sunflower, cottonseed, and canola oils were compared by gel permeation chromatography (GPC), and the correlation between viscosity and M w of these vehicles was established. Apparent M w of vegetable oil gels that were used in vehicle preparation were also obtained by GPC. © 1992 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.