gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Fiber optic tracheal detection device (2017)

Poorly performed airway management procedures can lead to a wide variety of adverse events, such as laryngeal trauma, stenosis, cardiac arrest, hypoxemia, or death as in the case of failed airway management or intubation of the esophagus. Current methods for confirming tracheal placement, such as auscultation, direct visualization or capnography, may be subjective, compromised due to clinical presentation or require additional specialized equipment that is not always readily available during the procedure. Consequently, there exists a need for a non-visual detection mechanism for confirming successful airway placement that can give the provider rapid feedback during the procedure. Based upon our previously presented work characterizing the reflectance spectra of tracheal and esophageal tissue, we developed a fiber-optic prototype to detect the unique spectral characteristics of tracheal tissue. Device performance was tested by its ability to differentiate ex vivo samples of tracheal and esophageal tissue. Pig tissue samples were tested with the larynx, trachea and esophagus intact as well as excised and mounted on cork. The device positively detected tracheal tissue 18 out of 19 trials and 1 false positive out of 19 esophageal trials. Our proof of concept device shows great promise as a potential mechanism for rapid user feedback during airway management procedures to confirm tracheal placement. Ongoing studies will investigate device optimizations of the probe for more refined sensing and in vivo testing.
Periodic sequence generators using ordinary arithmetic (1976)

Periodic sequences are usually generated by shift registers with feedback using mod 2 arithmetic. In this paper we analyze periodic sequence generators using ordinary arithmetic. It is shown that the simplest periodic sequence generators using ordinary arithmetic are linear. An exact expression is given for the smallest number of stages required to generate periodic sequences of a given period. A table of maximum period attainable using a given number of stages is also included. A canonical form for optimal periodic sequence generators is described. It is shown that an implementation using analog storage and arithmetic elements (like CCD shift registers and operational amplifier) it is possible to obtain multilevel periodic sequences with the optimal sequence generators.
Peptide inhibitors of renin. (1984)

Analogues of renin substrate that incorporated a non-cleavable isostere at the scissile bond are powerful inhibitors of renin both in vitro, and in animals and man.
Synthesis and Structural Characterization of <i>N</i>-Heterocyclic Carbene Gold(I) Complexes (2005)

A series of N-heterocyclic carbene Au(NHC)Cl complexes (NHC = IMes (1), SIMes (2), IPr (3), SIPr (4), IPrMe (5), IMe (6), ICy (7), IAd (8), ITPh (9)) have been synthesized either through reaction of the corresponding imidazol-2-ylidene carbene with [Au(SMe2)Cl] or by transmetalation of the respective Ag(I)−NHC complex in the presence of 1 equiv of [Au(SMe2)Cl]. All of the gold(I) complexes [Au(IMes)Cl] (10), [Au(SIMes)Cl] (11), [Au(IPr)Cl] (12), [Au(SIPr)Cl] (13), [Au(IPrMe)Cl] (14), [Au(IMe)Cl] (15), [Au(ICy)Cl] (16), [Au(IAd)Cl] (17), and [Au(ITPh)Cl] (18) have been characterized spectroscopically and structurally by X-ray diffraction. The 13C chemical shifts of the carbene carbon have been compared through subtraction of the corresponding imidazol-2-ylidene carbene and suggest that there is little difference in donor ability of the NHC ligands bound to gold(I). Crystal structure analysis reinforces this notion, with no obvious change in Au−C(NHC) bond length on going from saturated and unsaturated NHC ligands. For complexes 14, 17, and 18 Au···H−C interactions were observed from the sidearm substituents on the NHC ligand. Furthermore, the triazolium complex 18 also contains Au···Au interactions as well as head-to-tail π−π stacking of the phenyl sidearm substituent from neighboring molecules.
A multilevel algorithm for partitioning graphs (1995)

The graph partitioning problem is that of dividing the vertices of a graph into sets of specified sizes such that few edges cross between sets. This NP-complete problem arises in many important scientific and engineering problems. Prominent examples include the decomposition of data structures for parallel computation, the placement of circuit elements and the ordering of sparse matrix computations. We present a multilevel algorithm for graph partitioning in which the graph is approximated by a sequence of increasingly smaller graphs. The smallest graph is then partitioned using a spectral method, and this partition is propagated back through the hierarchy of graphs. A variant of the Kernighan-Lin algorithm is applied periodically to refine the partition. The entire algorithm can be implemented to execute in time proportional to the size of the original graph. Experiments indicate that, relative to other advanced methods, the multilevel algorithm produces high quality partitions at low cost.
Absolute and random error analysis of the dynamic imaging microellipsometry technique (1989)

A summary of the rapid high resolution full field ellipsometric imaging technique termed dynamic imaging microellipsometry is presented. The theoretical basis of a linear sensitivity coefficient approach to the coupling of individual error sources to ellipsometric absolute error is derived. Numerically computed sensitivity coefficient maps are presented with a discussion of their application to ellipsometric data calibration. An analysis of random error is presented and verified using comparisons between the theoretical estimations and system measurements.
Production of Thorium-229 at the ORNL High Flux Isotope Reactor (2008)

The investigation of targeted cancer therapy using -emitters has developed considerably in recent years and clinical trials have generated promising results. In particular, the initial clinical trials for treatment of acute myeloid leukemia have demonstrated the effectiveness of the -emitter 213Bi in killing cancer cells [1]. Pre-clinical studies have also shown the potential application of both 213Bi and its 225Ac parent radionuclide in a variety of cancer systems and targeted radiotherapy [2]. Bismuth-213 is obtained from a radionuclide generator system from decay of the 10-d 225Ac parent, a member of the 7340-y 229Th chain. Currently, 233U is the only viable source for high purity 229Th; however, due to increasing difficulties associated with 233U safeguards, processing additional 233U is presently unfeasible. The recent decision to downblend and dispose of enriched 233U further diminished the prospects for extracting 229Th from 233U stock. Nevertheless, the anticipated growth in demand for 225Ac may soon exceed the levels of 229Th (~40 g or ~8 Ci; ~80 times the current ORNL 229Th stock) present in the aged 233U stockpile. The alternative routes for the production of 229Th, 225Ra and 225Ac include both reactor and accelerator approaches [3]. Here, we describe production of 229Th via neutron transmutationmore » of 226Ra targets in the ORNL High Flux Isotope Reactor (HFIR).« less
DHHC9 and GCP16 Constitute a Human Protein Fatty Acyltransferase with Specificity for H- and N-Ras (2005)

Covalent lipid modifications mediate the membrane attachment and biological activity of Ras proteins. All Ras isoforms are farnesylated and carboxyl-methylated at the terminal cysteine; H-Ras and N-Ras are further modified by palmitoylation. Yeast Ras is palmitoylated by the DHHC cysteine-rich domain-containing protein Erf2 in a complex with Erf4. Here we report that H- and N-Ras are palmitoylated by a human protein palmitoyltransferase encoded by the ZDHHC9 and GCP16 genes. DHHC9 is an integral membrane protein that contains a DHHC cysteine-rich domain. GCP16 encodes a Golgi-localized membrane protein that has limited sequence similarity to yeast Erf4. DHHC9 and GCP16 co-distribute in the Golgi apparatus, a location consistent with the site of mammalian Ras palmitoylation in vivo. Like yeast Erf2.Erf4, DHHC9 and GCP16 form a protein complex, and DHHC9 requires GCP16 for protein fatty acyltransferase activity and protein stability. Purified DHHC9.GCP16 exhibits substrate specificity, palmitoylating H- and N-Ras but not myristoylated G (alphai1) or GAP-43, proteins with N-terminal palmitoylation motifs. Hence, DHHC9.GCP16 displays the properties of a functional human ortholog of the yeast Ras palmitoyltransferase.
Abstract 1596: Detection of PD-L1 in cell surface vimentin positive circulating tumor cells is associated with poor survival in cancer patients (2015)

Abstract Circulating tumor cells (CTCs) are the cells that detach from the primary tumor of patients and enter in to the blood stream and these can be represented as the seeds of metastasis. Increasing evidence has shown the detection of circulating tumor cells (CTCs) from blood of cancer patients parallels with tumor burden and is associated with poor prognosis. Although CTC counts change indicates a good modality to detect therapeutic response to drug treatments, there is an increasing need of a reliable marker that can be used to predict survival in cancer patients. One of the most prevalent markers detected in cancer patients is the cell surface glycoprotein called PD-L1 (also called B7-H1 and CD274). Aberrant expression of PD-L1 has been reported in several cancer types. Here in this study we tested the hypothesis that detection of PD-L1 in CTCs is associated with poor prognosis. To validate the hypothesis, we isolated cell-surface vimentin (CSV) positive CTCs from colorectal cancer patients using 84-1 method and analyzed for PD-L1 expression. Our results indicated that PD-L1 detection in CTCs was associated with poor overall survival (HR, 2.43; 95% CI, 1.11 to 5.35; p, 0.0264) in colorectal cancer patients undergoing treatment. These findings thus suggest that PD-L1 detection in CSV CTC could serve as a new prognostic tool. We further extend our observations in other types of cancers including breast, prostate and sarcoma. Citation Format: Arun Satelli, Zachary Brownlee, Hyangsoon Noh, Qing H. Meng, Scott Kopetz, Michael Overman, Shulin Li. Detection of PD-L1 in cell surface vimentin positive circulating tumor cells is associated with poor survival in cancer patients. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 106th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2015 Apr 18-22; Philadelphia, PA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2015;75(15 Suppl):Abstract nr 1596. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2015-1596
Novel endophytic yeast <i>Rhodotorula mucilaginosa</i> strain PTD3 I: production of xylitol and ethanol (2012)

An endophytic yeast, Rhodotorula mucilaginosa strain PTD3, that was isolated from stems of hybrid poplar was found to be capable of production of xylitol from xylose, of ethanol from glucose, galactose, and mannose, and of arabitol from arabinose. The utilization of 30 g/L of each of the five sugars during fermentation by PTD3 was studied in liquid batch cultures. Glucose-acclimated PTD3 produced enhanced yields of xylitol (67% of theoretical yield) from xylose and of ethanol (84, 86, and 94% of theoretical yield, respectively) from glucose, galactose, and mannose. Additionally, this yeast was capable of metabolizing high concentrations of mixed sugars (150 g/L), with high yields of xylitol (61% of theoretical yield) and ethanol (83% of theoretical yield). A 1:1 glucose:xylose ratio with 30 g/L of each during double sugar fermentation did not affect PTD3's ability to produce high yields of xylitol (65% of theoretical yield) and ethanol (92% of theoretical yield). Surprisingly, the highest yields of xylitol (76% of theoretical yield) and ethanol (100% of theoretical yield) were observed during fermentation of sugars present in the lignocellulosic hydrolysate obtained after steam pretreatment of a mixture of hybrid poplar and Douglas fir. PTD3 demonstrated an exceptional ability to ferment the hydrolysate, overcome hexose repression of xylose utilization with a short lag period of 10 h, and tolerate sugar degradation products. In direct comparison, PTD3 had higher xylitol yields from the mixed sugar hydrolysate compared with the widely studied and used xylitol producer Candida guilliermondii.
Semiconducting YBaCuO thin films for uncooled infrared bolometers (1995)

We have fabricated and measured the performance of semiconducting YBaCuO thin-film thermometers on silicon for uncooled bolometric applications. Our YBaCuO thermometers have revealed a change in resistance with respect to temperature (dR/dT) as high as 8.2×103 Ω/K at T=294 K and the temperature coefficient of resistance as high as 3.1% K−1 over a 60 K range around room temperature which implies an excellent bolometric response. At 294 K the thermometers had a noise voltage of 0.75 μV/Hz1/2 at the frequency of 30 Hz and the bias current of 1 μA. Using the data above, we calculated that semiconducting YBaCuO bolometers would have a responsivity of 5.5×104 V/W and a detectivity D* as high as 1.3×108 cm Hz1/2/W for 1 μA bias current if integrated with a typical thermal isolation structure.
High electron mobility transistor based on a GaN-Al<i>x</i>Ga1−<i>x</i>N heterojunction (1993)

In this letter we report the fabrication and dc characterization of a high electron mobility transistor (HEMT) based on a n-GaN-Al0.14Ga0.86N heterojunction. The conduction in our low pressure metalorganic chemical vapor deposited heterostructure is dominated by two-dimensional electron gas at the heterostructure interface. HEMT devices were fabricated on ion-implant isolated mesas using Ti/Au for the source drain ohmic and TiW for the gate Schottky. For a device with a 4 μm gate length (10 μm channel opening, i.e., source-drain separation), a transconductance of 28 mS/mm at 300 K and 46 mS/mm at 77 K was obtained at +0.5 V gate bias. Complete pinchoff was observed for a −6 V gate bias.
Basic fitting and evaluation parameters of a newly designed cochlear implant electrode (2004)

The new electrode does not differ significantly from the standard Nucleus Contour electrode in terms of the investigated parameters within the test group.
Monitoring Breathing via Signal Strength in Wireless Networks (2011)

This paper shows experimentally that standard wireless networks which measure received signal strength (RSS) can be used to reliably detect human breathing and estimate the breathing rate, an application we call "BreathTaking". We show that although an individual link cannot reliably detect breathing, the collective spectral content of a network of devices reliably indicates the presence and rate of breathing. We present a maximum likelihood estimator (MLE) of breathing rate, amplitude, and phase, which uses the RSS data from many links simultaneously. We show experimental results which demonstrate that reliable detection and frequency estimation is possible with 30 seconds of data, within 0.3 breaths per minute (bpm) RMS error. Use of directional antennas is shown to improve robustness to motion near the network.
POLYSTYRENE-SUPPORTED ALUMINIUM COPPER CHLORIDE AS WATER-RESISTANT SOLID CARBON MONOXIDE ADSORBENT (1982)

Abstract A solid adsorbent of carbon monoxide, polystyrene-supported aluminium copper(I) chloride, is prepared by use of carbon disulfide as solvent. The adsorbing activity of the resulting adsorbent shows no measurable decrease after the repeated contact with nitrogen gas containing a considerable amount of water.
Leakage Biased pMOS Sleep Switch Dynamic Circuits (2006)

In this brief, a low-overhead circuit technique is proposed to simultaneously reduce subthreshold and gate-oxide leakage currents in domino logic circuits. pMOS sleep transistors and a dual threshold voltage CMOS technology are utilized to place an idle domino logic circuit into a low leakage state. A sleep transistor added to the dynamic node strongly turns off all of the high threshold voltage transistors. Similarly, a sleep switch added to the output inverter exploits the initially high subthreshold and gate-oxide leakage currents for placing a circuit into an ultimately low leakage state. The proposed circuit technique lowers the total leakage power by 56.1% to 97.6% as compared to standard dual threshold voltage domino logic circuits. Similarly, a 4.6% to 50.6% reduction in total leakage power is observed as compared to a previously published sleep switch scheme in a 45-nm CMOS technology
Treatment of advanced pancreatic cancer patients with opioid growth factor (2000)

Previous studies have shown that an endogenous pentapeptide. (Met5)-enkephalin (Opioid Growth Factor) inhibits growth of human pancreatic cancer cells in culture and when grown as xenografts to nude mice. Results from phase 1 of our study found that OGF may be safely administered to human subjects with pancreatic cancer up to doses of 250 mcg|[sol]|kg.
<title>Nonlinear optic polymer core conductive-polymer-clad optoelectronic device</title> (1999)

A scheme for a five volt V(pi) ) nonlinear optical (NLO) polymer optoelectronic (OE) device is presented with the potential to realize an interaction length that is about an order of magnitude shorter than conventional five volt V(pi) ) NLO polymer OE devices. It utilizes available NLO polymer materials for the core layer and a conductive polymer material for the cladding layers. Since the cladding layer material is more conductive than the core material, most of the applied poling and modulation voltages is dropped across the core layer, rendering a more efficient device. Using an NLO polymer material with electrooptic (EO) coefficients of say 22 pm/V, it is feasible to demonstrate < 2 mm OE devices operating at TTL voltage levels. These small device sizes could lead to use within electronic multichip modules. In addition, since the majority of the poling voltage is dropped across the core layer, less voltage is required so that in-situ poling becomes possible.© (1999) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.
The imprinted H19 gene is a marker of early recurrence in human bladder carcinoma (2000)

It might be possible to use H19 as a prognostic tumour marker for the early recurrence of bladder cancer. In addition, for the gene therapy of bladder carcinoma that is based on the transcriptional regulatory sequences of H19, the expression of H19 in an individual biopsy could be considered a predictive tumour marker for selecting those patients who would benefit from this form of treatment.
Efficient Plant Regeneration from Suspension-cultured Cells of Tall Bearded Iris (1999)

A protocol was developed for efficient plant regeneration of Iris germanica L. `Skating Party' from suspension cultures. Suspension cultures were maintained in Murashige and Skoog (MS) basal medium (pH 5.9) supplemented with 290 mg·L –1 proline, 50 g·L –1 sucrose, 5.0 μ m 2,4-D, and 0.5 μ m Kin. Suspension-cultured cells were transferred to a shoot induction medium (MS basal medium supplemented with 10 mg·L –1 pantothenic acid, 4.5 mg·L –1 nicotinic acid, 1.9 mg·L –1 thiamine, 250 mg·L –1 casein hydrolysate, 250 mg·L –1 proline, 50 g·L –1 sucrose, 2.0 g·L –1 Phytagel, 0.5 μ m NAA, and 12.5 μ m Kin). Cell clusters that proliferated on this medium differentiated and developed shoots and plantlets in about 5 weeks. Regeneration apparently occurred via both somatic embryogenesis and shoot organogenesis. A series of experiments was conducted to optimize conditions during suspension culture to maximize subsequent plant regeneration. Parameters included 2,4-D and Kin concentrations, the subculture interval, and the size of cell clusters. The highest regeneration rate was achieved with cell clusters ≤280 μm in diameter, derived from suspension cultures grown for 6 weeks without subculturing in liquid medium containing 5 μ m 2,4-D and 0.5 μ m Kin. Up to 4000 plantlets with normal vegetative growth and morphology could be generated from 1 g of suspension-cultured cells in about 3–4 months. Chemical names used: 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D); kinetin (Kin); 1-naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA).
Modeling the Vapor–Liquid Equilibria of Ionic Liquids Containing Perfume Raw Materials (2017)

In this work, the vapor–liquid equilibria of binary and multinary systems comprise perfume raw materials and ionic liquids have been computed using two different models: COSMO-RS, a solvation model, and UNIFAC, a group contribution method. For systems already well-known in the literature, a comparison with experimental data was performed, and good agreement was observed with both models. Although UNIFAC was not applicable to nonparametrized ionic liquids, COSMO-RS proved very reliable in predicting the vapor–liquid equilibria of solutions of perfume raw materials in new-to-the-world ionic liquids. This opens the door for the prediction and modeling of new formulations for novel consumer products, prior to embarking on detailed experimental investigations.
Transition-Metal-Free C–S Bond Formation: A Facile Access to Aryl Sulfones from Sodium Sulfinates via Arynes (2014)

Sulfones have been attractive targets for synthetic organic chemists owing to their immense applications in medicinal, material, and synthetic chemistry. In this context, an efficient transition-metal-free process has been demonstrated, wherein a broad range of alkyl/aryl/heteroaryl sodium sulfinates react with varyingly substituted aryne precursors (o-silyl aryl triflates) under mild reaction conditions to afford structurally diverse sulfones in good to excellent yields.
Catenated Cyclodextrins (1995)

Abstract A novel synthetic approach is described for the construction of catenanes in aqueous solution from a partially methylated cyclodextrin (CD)‐namely, heptakis(2,6‐di‐ O ‐methyl‐ β ‐cyclodextrin) ( DM‐ β ‐CD )‐and a range of substrate molecules that contain a hydrophobic central core in the form of a 4,4′‐disubstituted biphenyl unit (usually bitolyl) carrying two hydrophilic polyether side chains terminated by primary amine functions. In water, the amphiphilic catenane precursors form 1:1 complexes with β ‐CD and DM‐ β ‐CD and 2:1 (guest: host) complexes with the larger γ‐CD . Macrocyclizations of the biphenyl‐containing substrates with aromatic diacid chlorides in aqueous solution and in the presence of DM‐ β ‐CD under Schotten‐Baumann conditions afforded‐in low yields‐a range of [2]‐ and [3]catenanes. When a consitutionally asymmetrical diamine was employed as the substrate, orientational isomers of a [2]catenane were obtained. A [3]catenene incorporating a macrocyclic tetralactam was found to exist as a mixture of head‐to‐head and head‐to‐tail isomers, which could be separated by high pressure liquid chromatography and identified unambiguously by nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. One of the [2]catenanes afforded good single crystals from which the solid state structure was determined by X‐ray crystallography. Other techniques which aided the characterization of these novel compounds included ultraviolet/visible and luminescence spectroscopy, dynamic nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy and fast atom bombardment mass spectrometry. Generally speaking, the catenated cyclodextrins are soluble in halogenated and aromatic hydrocarbons as well as in hydroxylic solvents. The existence of these new compounds gives us a unique insight into the nature of the noncovalent bonding interactions that cyclodextrins employ in binding substrate molecules.