gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Mooring and Riser Management In Ultra-Deep Water and Beyond (2005)

Abstract In recent years, offshore oil and gas exploration has rapidly advanced to record water depths that were beyond conception 20 years ago, with the 10,000-ft water depth barrier hurdled in 2003 in the US Gulf of Mexico. Drilling equipment design and capability to achieve this record has simply grown to meet increased capacity requirements. This paper outlines the mooring and drilling riser management challenges that will need to be realized in 10,000 feet of water and beyond. By defining the boundary conditions for moored and dynamically-positioned scenarios in future record water depths, the challenges to the design and operation of mooring and riser systems can be explored, including component design issues, deployment techniques and system management in adverse environmental conditions. Previous work undertaken on this subject by Transocean shows that the capabilities used to break the 10,000-ft barrier will require yet another step-change to drill in water depths of 12,000-ft (DP) or 10,000-ft (Moored) with conventional subsea well control equipment and marine drilling risers. Two scenarios are presented, one each for moored and dynamically positioned vessels to demonstrate the requirements that require special consideration for successful operation and management of mooring and marine drilling risers.
Security and Trust Preserving VM Migrations in Public Clouds (2012)

In this paper we consider the security and trust implications of virtual machine (VM) migration from one cloud platform to the other in an Infrastructure-as-a-Service (IaaS) cloud service model. We show how to extend and complement previous Trusted Computing techniques for secure VM launch to also cover the VM migration case. In particular, we propose a Trust_Token based VM migration protocol which guarantees that the user VM can only be migrated to a trustworthy cloud platform. Different from previous schemes, our solution is not dependent on an active (on-line) trusted third party. We show how our proposed mechanisms fulfill major security and trust requirements for secure VM migration in cloud environments.
Identification of a photoreceptor cell-specific nuclear receptor (1999)

Nuclear receptors comprise a large and expanding family of transcription factors involved in diverse aspects of animal physiology and development, the functions of which can be modulated in a spatial and temporal manner by access to small lipophilic ligands and/or the specificity of their own localized expression. Here we report the identification of a human nuclear receptor that reveals a unique proximal box (CNGCSG) in the DNA-binding domain. The conservation of this feature in its nematode counterpart suggests the requirement for this type of P box in the genetic cascades mediated by nuclear receptors in a wide variety of animal species. The expression of this receptor, PNR (photoreceptor-specific nuclear receptor), appears strongly restricted in the retina, exclusively in photoreceptor cells. In human cell lines, PNR expression was observed in Y79 retinoblastoma along with other photoreceptor marker genes such as CRX. Among vertebrate receptors, PNR shares structural kinship with an orphan receptor TLX, and despite distinct differences in the DNA binding domain, PNR is able to recognize a subset of TLX target sequences in vitro. Analyses of the human PNR gene revealed its chromosomal position as 15q24, a site that has recently been reported as a susceptible region for retinal degeneration. These data support a role for PNR in the regulation of signalling pathways intrinsic to the photoreceptor cell function.
The protective role of self-efficacy against workplace incivility and burnout in nursing (2016)

Organizations should provide nurses with opportunities to build their coping strategies for managing job demands and difficult interpersonal interactions. Similarly, providing exposure to effective role models and providing meaningful verbal encouragement are other sources of efficacy information for building nurses' relational coping self-efficacy.
Enzymatic Analysis of an Amylolytic Enzyme from the Hyperthermophilic Archaeon <i>Pyrococcus furiosus</i> Reveals Its Novel Catalytic Properties as both an α-Amylase and a Cyclodextrin-Hydrolyzing Enzyme (2004)

Genomic analysis of the hyperthermophilic archaeon Pyrococcus furiosus revealed the presence of an open reading frame (ORF PF1939) similar to the enzymes in glycoside hydrolase family 13. This amylolytic enzyme, designated PFTA (Pyrococcus furiosus thermostable amylase), was cloned and expressed in Escherichia coli. The recombinant PFTA was extremely thermostable, with an optimum temperature of 90 degrees C. The substrate specificity of PFTA suggests that it possesses characteristics of both alpha-amylase and cyclodextrin-hydrolyzing enzyme. Like typical alpha-amylases, PFTA hydrolyzed maltooligosaccharides and starch to produce mainly maltotriose and maltotetraose. However, it could also attack and degrade pullulan and beta-cyclodextrin, which are resistant to alpha-amylase, to primarily produce panose and maltoheptaose, respectively. Furthermore, acarbose, a potent alpha-amylase inhibitor, was drastically degraded by PFTA, as is typical of cyclodextrin-hydrolyzing enzymes. These results confirm that PFTA possesses novel catalytic properties characteristic of both alpha-amylase and cyclodextrin-hydrolyzing enzyme.
A new network simulator 2 (NS-2) module based on RTP/RTCP protocols to achieve multimedia group synchronization (2010)

Network simulation represents a broadly methodology for communication network performance analysis. As a system modelling approach, simulation allows to model arbitrary scenarios that many times are very difficult to implement in real platforms, or when it is intended to evaluate some alternative so
[BODY SUPPORT ROLE NUTRITIONAL VICTIMS WITH BURN INJURIES IN THE STAGE SEPTICOTOXEMIA]. (2015)

The analysis of the treatment results of burn victims septicotoxemia of 120 injured persons in the area of thermal lesions 40-70% of the body surface. The dynamics of the clinical course of burn disease influenced by nutritional support with solutions of amino acids (AA) Aminosol and Aminosol-neo. Patients performed enteral, parenteral and mixed food. Parenteral nutrition improves the quality and results of treatment in stage burn septicotoxemia, contributes to an earlier elimination syndrome hipermetabolizm-hiperkatabolizm and readiness wounds to the plastic skin renewal and better engraftment of transplanted grafts of skin, reducing the frequency of complications and duration of hospitalization.
Genital Tenofovir Concentrations Correlate With Protection Against HIV Infection in the CAPRISA 004 Trial (2015)

A tenofovir concentration of ≥100 ng/mL in CVF was associated with 65% (95% CI: 6% to 87%) protection against HIV, whereas a ≥1000 ng/mL concentration correlated with 76% (95% CI: 8% to 92%) protection against HIV infection.
Studies of femtosecond pulse filamentation in borosilicate glass (2006)

Light filament formation in borosilicate glass under femtosecond pulse irradiation was investigated. The main observations were successfully reproduced by numerical modeling.
InP HBT Technologies for THz Integrated Circuits (2017)

Highly scaled indium phosphide (InP) heterojunction bipolar transistor (HBT) technologies have been demonstrated with maximum frequencies of oscillation ( f max) of >1 THz and circuit operation has been extended into the lower end of the terahertz (THz) frequency band. InP HBTs offer high radio-frequency (RF) output power density, millivolt (mV) threshold uniformity, and high levels of integration. Integration with multilevel thin-film wiring permits the realization of compact and complex THz monolithic integrated circuits (TMICs). Circuit results reported from InP HBT technologies include: 200-mW power amplifiers at 210 GHz, 670-GHz amplifiers and fundamental oscillators, and fully integrated 600-GHz transmitter circuits. We review the state of the art in THz-capable InP HBT devices and integrated circuit (IC) technologies. Challenges in extending transistor bandwidth and in circuit design at THz frequencies will also be addressed.
A mixed population of immature and mature leucocytes in umbilical cord blood results in a reduced expression and function of CR3 (CD11b/CD18) (1998)

Neonatal neutrophils express less membrane and cytoplasmic CR3 (iC3b-receptor, Mac-1, alphaM beta2-integrin) than do adult neutrophils, and it has been suggested that this renders neonatal neutrophils deficient in diapedesis and bactericidal activity. The reason(s) for this deficiency are unknown. In this study, CR3 expression and the CR3-dependent respiratory burst activity of individual neonatal neutrophils are quantified in comparison with adult leucocytes using flow cytometry. Monocytes and neutrophils are defined as CD14highCD15low and CD14lowCD15high, respectively. Although neonatal neutrophils bore less CR3 on average than did adult neutrophils, neonatal neutrophils were more heterogeneous and many neonatal neutrophils expressed adult levels of CR3. Because of higher neutrophil concentrations in cord versus adult blood, the calculated number of neutrophils in cord blood expressing high amounts of CR3 was equivalent to that of adult blood. Similar findings were made with monocytes. The size of the CR3-dependent respiratory burst stimulated by particulate beta-glucan correlated directly with the expression of CR3 by individual neutrophils. With neonatal and adult neutrophils having comparable CR3 densities, the respiratory burst activities were equivalent. Wright-Giemsa differential staining of the subset of neonatal neutrophils with low CR3 levels isolated by fluorescence-activated cell sorting showed a higher proportion of immature cells than the sorted population expressing high CR3 levels. Therefore, higher proportions of immature cells in cord blood probably explain previous reports of deficient CR3 expression and function. The typical neutrophilia of cord blood may compensate for this apparent deficiency by providing adult concentrations of mature neutrophils.
Time-of-flight system with a movable ion detector for absolute measurement of cyclotron beam energy (2005)

A time-of-flight system for determining the absolute energy of ion beams has been developed for the azimuthally varying field (AVF) cyclotron at Japan Atomic Energy Agency (JAEA). Ion detectors, a microchannel-plate detector and a plastic scintillation detector, were applied to the system in order to achieve high time resolution measurement of the flight time and to cover a wide range of beam intensity in combination with a beam attenuator. The change of the flight length, performed by moving the plastic scintillation detector with flexible bellows, allows determination of the mean beam energy only from the relative measurement of the flight time and the flight length without knowing their absolute values. A maximum movable distance of 2m yields the difference in the time of flight from 16to94ns for the energy range of ion beams accelerated by the JAEA AVF cyclotron. The time-of-flight system even with the 2m change in the flight length achieves accurate energy determination of the order of 0.1%, since the relative measurement has an advantage of elimination of the uncertainties in determination of the time zero and the length zero. The time-of-flight measurement with the relative measurement also allows estimation of the beam energy spread without conventional expensive systems such as a magnetic spectrometer. By comparing the widths of the time-of-flight spectra of ions accumulated at different flight lengths, we have estimated the energy spread. In order to reduce the labor process of the coincidence detection of ions in the time-of-flight measurement, we have also accomplished a simple estimation method for mean beam energy determination with a beam bunch, naturally modulated with the acceleration RF of the cyclotron. The mean beam energy has been obtained from the shift of the beam bunch centroids at different flight lengths in the time-of-flight spectrum.
Inhibition of HIV-1 Replication by Combination of a Novel Inhibitor of TNF-α With AZT (1998)

The small molecule S9a was derived from an established tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) inhibitor (Canventol) by replacement of the isopropylidine group with a phenyl ring. S9a at 10 to 100 nM inhibited HIV production as potently as 3'-azido-3'-deoxythymidine (AZT), an inhibitor of viral reverse transcriptase. Furthermore, S9a and AZT in combination, at noncytoxic concentrations strongly inhibited HIV-1 replication that was more than additive and substantially prolonged the appearance of virus both in acutely infected CD4+ lymphocytes (SupT) in culture and in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) infected with a primary HIV-1 isolate. S9a inhibited TNF-alpha promoter-driven reporter gene activity. It was proposed that the mechanism of antiviral action of S9a was on the host cell, by blocking TNF-alpha transcription via a Tat-induced tar-independent loop, which decreases downstream NF-kappaB activation of HIV-1 long terminal repeat (LTR). S9a was superior to the first generation compound Canventol, which was superior to the natural compound sarcophytol A, demonstrating that further structure-based enhancement of potency of these compounds is feasible. This study suggests a therapeutic approach against AIDS by application of two drugs, one against a cellular and the other a viral target, which may provide an approach to the problem of frequent emergence of resistant variants to combinations of drugs that target only HIV genes.
A comparison of recently developed correction procedures for electron probe microanalysis (1989)

Abstract Three recently developed absorption and atomic number correction procedures have been investigated with regard to possible improvements and to the performance of these improved models, which has been studied depending on different values of the absorption correction factor. The test file includes 655 measurements of elements with Z > 10 and 258 B‐, C‐, and N‐measurements. The results show that the models of Bastin and Heijligers and of Sewell, Love, and Scott generally are substantially better than the one of Tan‐uma and Nagashima or the established ZAF approach.
Towards Real-time Mixed Reality Matting In Natural Scenes (2012)

In Mixed Reality scenarios, background replacement is a common way to immerse a user in a synthetic environment. Properly identifying the background pixels in an image or video is a dif- ficult problem known as matting. Proper alpha mattes usually come from human guidance, special hardware setups, or color dependent algorithms. This is a consequence of the under-constrained nature of the per pixel alpha blending equation. In constant color matting, research identifies and replaces a background that is a single color, known as the chroma key color. Unfortunately, the algorithms force a controlled physical environment and favor constant, uniform lighting. More generic approaches, such as natural image matting, have made progress finding alpha matte solutions in environments with naturally occurring backgrounds. However, even for the quicker algorithms, the generation of trimaps, indicating regions of known foreground and background pixels, normally requires human interaction or offline computation. This research addresses ways to automatically solve an alpha matte for an image in realtime, and by extension a video, using a consumer level GPU. It does so even in the context of noisy environments that result in less reliable constraints than found in controlled settings. To attack these challenges, we are particularly interested in automatically generating trimaps from depth buffers for dynamic scenes so that algorithms requiring more dense constraints may be used. The resulting computation is parallelizable so that it may run on a GPU and should work for natural images as well as chroma key backgrounds. Extra input may be required, but when this occurs, commodity hardware available in most Mixed Reality setups should be able to provide the input. This allows us to provide real-time alpha mattes for Mixed Reality scenarios that take place in relatively controlled environments. As a consequence, while monochromatic backdrops (such as green screens or retro-reflective material) aid the algorithm’s accuracy, they are not an explicit requirement. iii Finally we explore a sub-image based approach to parallelize an existing hierarchical approach on high resolution imagery. We show that locality can be exploited to significantly reduce the memory and compute requirements of previously necessary when computing alpha mattes of high resolution images. We achieve this using a parallelizable scheme that is both independent of the matting algorithm and image features. Combined, these research topics provide a basis for Mixed Reality scenarios using real-time natural image matting on high definition video sources.
Blind spot mitigation in phased array antenna using metamaterials (2014)

In this work, a metaradome based on a fakir's bed of nails is designed and tested in order to suppress the blind directions of a 100-element antenna array. The antenna is a microstrip array designed to operate in X-band. The fakir's bed metamaterial-like was first approximated using analytical formulas before a full-wave numerical optimization. Experimental results are exposed and confronted to numerical results. They show a significant reduction of the blind spot subsequent to the metaradome addition.
Determination of Ammonia Inhibition in Fabric Impregnated with Antimicrobials (1975)

A new method is described for determining the presence or absence of ammonia produced by urealytic microorganisms, using fabric which has been treated with an antimicrobial. Circular disks of fabric treated with various concentrations of an antimicrobial are placed in the bottoms of snap-on lid petri dishes. Nutrient medium containing urea, an indicator, and a dilution of an overnight culture of Proteus mirabilis is applied to the fabric disks. The lids are snapped on and the dishes are incubated at 37 degrees C. By examination of the fabric disks at regular intervals of time for a color change from white to red, one may determine whether the concentration of antimicrobial in the fabric is sufficient to inhibit the production of ammonia by a urealytic microorganism.
Clinical Epidemiology of Ciprofloxacin Resistance and Its Relationship to Broad-Spectrum Cephalosporin Resistance in Bloodstream Infections Caused by <i>Enterobacter</i> Species (2005)

In Enterobacter species isolates causing bacteremia, ciprofloxacin resistance was closely associated with the prior receipt of fluoroquinolones and broad-spectrum cephalosporin resistance. The close relationship between ciprofloxacin resistance and broad-spectrum cephalosporin resistance is particularly troublesome because it severely restricts the therapeutic options for Enterobacter species infection.
Radio-Frequency (rf) Confinement in Ion Mobility Spectrometry: Apparent Mobilities and Effective Temperatures (2016)

Ion mobility is a powerful tool for separating and characterizing the structures of ions. Here, a radio-frequency (rf) confining drift cell is used to evaluate the drift times of ions over a broad range of drift field strengths (E/P, V cm<sup>-1</sup> Torr<sup>-1</sup>). The presence of rf potentials radially confines ions and results in excellent ion transmission at low E/P (less than 1 V cm<sup>-1</sup> Torr<sup>-1</sup>), thereby reducing the dependence of ion transmission on the applied drift voltage. Non-linear responses between drift time and reciprocal drift voltages are observed for extremely low E/P and high rf amplitudes. Under these conditions, pseudopotential wells generated by the rf potentials dampen the mobility of ions. The effective potential approximation is used to characterize this mobility dampening behavior, which can be mitigated by adjusting rf amplitudes and electrode dimensions. Using SIMION trajectories and statistical arguments, the effective temperatures of ions in an rf-confining drift cell are evaluated. Results for the doubly charged peptide GRGDS suggest that applied rf potentials can result in a subtle increase (2 K) in effective temperature compared to an electrostatic drift tube. Additionally, simulations of native-like ions of the protein complex avidin suggest that rf potentials have a negligible effect on the effective temperature of these ions. In general, the results of this study suggest that applied rf potentials enable the measurement of drift times at extremely low E/P and that these potentials have negligible effects on ion effective temperature. Graphical Abstract ᅟ.
Topology Optimization on the Cloud: A Confluence of Technologies (2015)

Topology optimization is a systematic method of generating designs to meet specific engineering requirements. It is exploited today in several industries including aircraft, automobile, and machinery, and it strongly complements the emerging field of additive manufacturing. Yet, the wide-spread use of topology optimization has been deterred due to high computational cost and significant software/hardware investment. In this paper, we propose a cloud based topology optimization (CTO) framework to overcome these challenges, thereby promoting the wider use of topology optimization. CTO requires a confluence of several methods and technologies, each of which is discussed in this paper. First and foremost, CTO requires a fast 3D topology optimization method that can respond rapidly to multiple clients. Here, PareTO, a topological sensitivity based method is used as the backbone of the framework. PareTO relies on limited-memory finite element analysis with a deflated linear solver that is designed to exploit multi-core and many-core architectures. At the client-end, the framework relies on JavaScript based WebGL and ThreeJS technologies to display 3D geometry and formulate structural problems within a browser. Finally, Ajax, php and HTML5 technologies are exploited to achieve asynchronous and robust user experience. An implementation of this framework is available at www.cloudtopopt.com; to use this free service, JavaScript must be enabled within the browser.
Models and metrics of geometric cooperation (2010)

A basic way that entities can cooperate with one another is by sharing of tasks through synchronized movement to balance their geometric load. For example, players of a team defending a goal may be assigned equal-spaced zones to defend or units in a military force may be assigned equal-spaced sectors to control. As the dynamics of the situation unfold and as entities move, withdraw, or enter the space; the other entities cooperate by adjusting their positions to retain load balance. Various ways that this geometric cooperation can be accomplished, both from the perspectives of central and local control, are developed, analyzed, and simulated. This problem is related to other geometric cooperation problems such as movements in multi-player pursuit-evasion games and balancing loads for other generally non-geometric algorithms. The authors use the metrics to establish a framework for a theory of geometric cooperation. Simulations, metrics, and results of the algorithms' performance in various scenarios are presented.