gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Blindspot: Indistinguishable Anonymous Communications (2014)

Communication anonymity is a key requirement for individuals under targeted surveillance. Practical anonymous communications also require indistinguishability - an adversary should be unable to distinguish between anonymised and non-anonymised traffic for a given user. We propose Blindspot, a design for high-latency anonymous communications that offers indistinguishability and unobservability under a (qualified) global active adversary. Blindspot creates anonymous routes between sender-receiver pairs by subliminally encoding messages within the pre-existing communication behaviour of users within a social network. Specifically, the organic image sharing behaviour of users. Thus channel bandwidth depends on the intensity of image sharing behaviour of users along a route. A major challenge we successfully overcome is that routing must be accomplished in the face of significant restrictions - channel bandwidth is stochastic. We show that conventional social network routing strategies do not work. To solve this problem, we propose a novel routing algorithm. We evaluate Blindspot using a real-world dataset. We find that it delivers reasonable results for applications requiring low-volume unobservable communication.
Changes in the Stability of a Human H3 Histone mRNA during the HeLa Cell Cycle (1991)

A major component of the regulation of histone protein synthesis during the cell cycle is the modulation of the half-life of histone mRNA. We have uncoupled transcriptional and posttranscriptional regulation by using a Drosophila hsp70-human H3 histone fusion gene that produces a marked human H3 histone mRNA upon heat induction. Transcription of this gene can be switched on and off by raising and lowering cell culture temperatures, respectively. HeLa cell lines containing stably integrated copies of the fusion gene were synchronized by double thymidine block. Distinct populations of H3 histone mRNA were produced by heat induction in early S-phase, late S-phase, or G2-phase cells, and the stability of the induced H3 histone mRNA was measured. The H3 histone mRNA induced during early S phase decayed with a half-life of 110 min, whereas the same transcript induced during late S phase had a half-life of 10 to 15 min. The H3 histone mRNA induced in non-S-phase cells is more stable than that induced in late S phase, with a half-life of 40 min. Thus, the stability of histone mRNA is actively regulated throughout the cell cycle. Our results are consistent with an autoregulatory model in which the stability of histone mRNA is determined by the level of free histone protein in the cytoplasm.
Practical Computer Vision with SimpleCV: The Simple Way to Make Technology See (2012)

Learn how to build your own computer vision (CV) applications quickly and easily with SimpleCV, an open source framework written in Python. Through examples of real-world applications, this hands-on guide introduces you to basic CV techniques for collecting, processing, and analyzing streaming digital images. Youll then learn how to apply these methods with SimpleCV, using sample Python code. All you need to get started is a Windows, Mac, or Linux system, and a willingness to put CV to work in a variety of ways. Programming experience is optional.Capture images from several sources, including webcams, smartphones, and Kinect Filter image input so your application processes only necessary information Manipulate images by performing basic arithmetic on pixel values Use feature detection techniques to focus on interesting parts of an image Work with several features in a single image, using the NumPy and SciPy Python libraries Learn about optical flow to identify objects that change between two image frames Use SimpleCVs command line and code editor to run examples and test techniques
Renewing the call for<i>critical perspectives on international business</i> (2016)

Purpose – This paper aims to reflect on the future of critical perspectives on international business ( cpoib ) by considering some key developments in the international business (IB) context since the Journal’s launch in 2005. The Journal’s mission and scope is refreshed in light of these developments. Changes to the editorial team and editorial advisory board are also announced. Design/methodology/approach – A review of some of the key developments in the IB context provides the background and justification for a revised editorial mission and scope. Findings – Given changes in the IB environment, the need for a journal that takes a critically reflexive view on the activities of IB and issues of relevance to IB is found to be of increasing importance. This finding underlines the need for scholars to undertake empirical and conceptual studies that adopt critical perspectives to identify IB practices that are detrimental to stakeholders broadly defined and to offer alternatives. Originality/value – This is the first effort to reassess and renew cpoib ’s mission and scope in the light of the changes in the IB context since the Journal’s launch in 2005.
Exploration in Model-based Reinforcement Learning by Empirically Estimating Learning Progress (2012)

Formal exploration approaches in model-based reinforcement learning estimate the accuracy of the currently learned model without consideration of the empir-ical prediction error. For example, PAC-MDP approaches such as R-MAX base their model certainty on the amount of collected data, while Bayesian approaches assume a prior over the transition dynamics. We propose extensions to such approaches which drive exploration solely based on empirical estimates of the learner’s accuracy and learning progress. We provide a “sanity check ” theoreti-cal analysis, discussing the behavior of our extensions in the standard stationary finite state-action case. We then provide experimental studies demonstrating the robustness of these exploration measures in cases of non-stationary environments or where original approaches are misled by wrong domain assumptions. 1
Ex vivo Expansion of Human Adult Pancreatic Cells with Properties of Distributed Stem Cells by Suppression of Asymmetric Cell Kinetics (2013)

Transplantation therapy for type I diabetes (T1D) might be improved if pancreatic stem cells were readily available for investigation. Unlike macroscopic islets, pancreatic tissue stem cells could more easily access the retroperitoneal pancreatic environment and thereby might achieve more effective pancreatic regeneration. Unfortunately, whether the adult pancreas actually contains renewing stem cells continues as a controversial issue in diabetes research. We evaluated a new method developed in our lab for expanding renewing distributed stem cells (DSCs) from adult tissues as a means to provide more evidence for adult pancreatic stem cells, and potentially advance their availability for future clinical investigation. The new method was designed to switch DSCs from asymmetric self-renewal to symmetric self-renewal, which promotes their exponential expansion in culture with reduced production of differentiated cells. Called suppression of asymmetric cell kinetics (SACK), the method uses natural purine metabolites to accomplish the self-renewal pattern shift. The SACK purine metabolites xanthine, xanthosine, and hypoxanthine were evaluated for promoting expansion of DSCs from the pancreas of adult human postmortem donors. Xanthine and xanthosine were effective for deriving both pooled and clonal populations of cells with properties indicative of human pancreatic DSCs. The expanded human cell strains had signature SACK agent-suppressible asymmetric cell kinetics, produced Ngn3+ bipotent precursors for α-cells and β-cells, and were non-tumorigenic in immunodeficient mice. Our findings support the existence of pancreatic DSCs in the adult human pancreas and indicate a potential path to increasing their availability for future clinical evaluation.
Telluriding monolayer MoS2 and WS2 via alkali metal scooter (2017)

The conversion of chalcogen atoms to other types in transition metal dichalcogenides has significant advantages for tuning bandgaps and constructing in-plane heterojunctions; however, difficulty arises from the conversion of sulfur or selenium to tellurium atoms owing to the low decomposition temperature of tellurides. Here, we propose the use of sodium for converting monolayer molybdenum disulfide (MoS<sub>2</sub>) to molybdenum ditelluride (MoTe<sub>2</sub>) under Te-rich vapors. Sodium easily anchors tellurium and reduces the exchange barrier energy by scooting the tellurium to replace sulfur. The conversion was initiated at the edges and grain boundaries of MoS<sub>2</sub>, followed by complete conversion in the entire region. By controlling sodium concentration and reaction temperature of monolayer MoS<sub>2</sub>, we tailored various phases such as semiconducting 2H-MoTe<sub>2</sub>, metallic 1T'-MoTe<sub>2</sub>, and 2H-MoS<sub>2-x</sub> Te <sub>x</sub> alloys. This concept was further extended to WS<sub>2</sub>. A high valley polarization of ~37% in circularly polarized photoluminescence was obtained in the monolayer WS<sub>2-x</sub> Te <sub>x</sub> alloy at room temperature.
Standardized Approach to Proteome Profiling of Human Serum Based on Magnetic Bead Separation and Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption/Ionization Time-of-Flight Mass Spectrometry (2005)

Application of the standardized preanalytical blood sampling and storage procedure in combination with magnetic bead-based fractionation decreases variability of proteome patterns in human serum assessed by MALDI-TOF MS.
Cost function dependent barren plateaus in shallow parametrized quantum circuits (2021)

Variational quantum algorithms (VQAs) optimize the parameters θ of a parametrized quantum circuit V(θ) to minimize a cost function C. While VQAs may enable practical applications of noisy quantum computers, they are nevertheless heuristic methods with unproven scaling. Here, we rigorously prove two results, assuming V(θ) is an alternating layered ansatz composed of blocks forming local 2-designs. Our first result states that defining C in terms of global observables leads to exponentially vanishing gradients (i.e., barren plateaus) even when V(θ) is shallow. Hence, several VQAs in the literature must revise their proposed costs. On the other hand, our second result states that defining C with local observables leads to at worst a polynomially vanishing gradient, so long as the depth of V(θ) is [Formula: see text]. Our results establish a connection between locality and trainability. We illustrate these ideas with large-scale simulations, up to 100 qubits, of a quantum autoencoder implementation.
A Data Science Approach to Defining a Data Scientist (2019)

In this paper, we present a common definition and list of skills for a Data Scientist using online job postings. The overlap and ambiguity of various roles such as data scientist, data engineer, data analyst, software engineer, database administrator, and statistician motivate the problem. To arrive at a single Data Scientist definition, we collect over 8,000 job postings from Indeed.com for the six job titles. Each corpus contains text on job qualifications, skills, responsibilities, educational preferences, and requirements. Our data science methodology and analysis rendered the single definition of a data scientist: A data scientist codes, collaborates, and communicates – transforming data into insights using techniques in statistics, analytics, and machine learning. A secondary finding confirms the hypothesis that Data Scientist job postings’ features overlap with the other five job titles – explaining the absence of a common definition. Our conclusion is the application of data science algorithms and techniques on the job postings shows the most similar roles to a Data Scientist, provides a single definition of a Data Scientist and generates the top features of a Data Scientist.
AVIFAUNA URBANA DO CLUBE ASSOCIAÇÃO ATLÉTICA BANCO DO BRASIL (AABB) EM IPORÁ, GOIÁS. (2012)

O proposito deste estudo foi analisar a avifauna do Clube “Associacao Atletica do Banco do Brasil” (AABB) em Ipora, Estado de Goias, Brasil. O trabalho de campo foi desenvolvido entre novembro de 2007 a outubro de 2008, totalizando 48 visitas semanais, sendo a transeccao a metodologia empregada para estimar a riqueza. Registrou-se 73 especies de 28 familias. A curva acumulativa segundo Mau Tao aproximando-se da distribuicao assintotica, e o numero estimado de especies segundo Jacknife1 de 88,67 demonstram que a riqueza foi razoavelmente obtida. A analise de similaridade deste estudo com outros inventarios em Goiânia (Campus da UFG), e Lago Por do Sol, em Ipora (LPS) demonstrou que: a) houve maior distanciamento de AABB e UFG em relacao ao LPS, provavelmente devido ao menor numero de especies aquaticas nos dois primeiros inventarios; b) houve maior similaridade entre AABB e UFG, ambas localidades com similar composicao fisionomica. A classificacao das especies em categorias troficas demonstrou um predominio de especies onivoras e insetivoras. Este estudo relata a dinâmica de uma avifauna numa localidade urbanizada do interior goiano.
Laser in situ keratomileusis for hyeropia and hyperopic astigmatism. (1999)

LASIK seems to be reasonably effective and safe in spherical hyperopia of +1.00 to +5.00 D but less effective for hyperopic astigmatism. For hyperopia greater than +5.00 D, loss of spectacle-corrected visual acuity occurred in a significant number of eyes and accuracy was sufficiently poor to advise against LASIK in these eyes.
Information granulation and rough set approximation (2000)

Information granulation and concept approximation are some of the fundamental issues of granular computing. Granulation of a universe involves grouping of similar elements into granules to form coarse-grained views of the universe. Approximation of concepts, represented by subsets of the universe, deals with the descriptions of concepts using granules. In the context of rough set theory, this paper examines the two related issues. The granulation structures used by standard rough set theory and the corresponding approximation structures are reviewed. Hierarchical granulation and approximation structures are studied, which results in stratified rough set approximations. A nested sequence of granulations induced by a set of nested equivalence relations leads to a nested sequence of rough set approximations. A multi-level granulation, characterized by a special class of equivalence relations, leads to a more general approximation structure. The notion of neighborhood systems is also explored. © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Avancée de Diabrotica virgifera virgifera [Coleoptera : Chrysomelidae] dans les champs de maïs au Québec et collecte dans le soja à Ottawa, Ontario (2005)

La chrysomèle des racines du maïs de l’Ouest, Diabrotica virgifera virgifera, a été trouvée au Québec en septembre 2000 dans la région de la Montérégie. Ceci constitue une extension vers le nord de son aire de répartition. De plus, à Ottawa, quelques individus se sont développés à partir du soja. Ceci constitue la première mention de développement de cet insecte sur du soja au Canada.
Efficacy and safety of collagen implants for haemostasis of the vascular access site after coronary balloon angioplasty and coronary stent implantation (1995)

A vascular haemostasis device has recently been introduced that allows percutaneous implantation of collagen plugs for haemostatic sealing of puncture sites even under full anticoagulation. This study assessed the incidence of access site complications after collagen plug implantation in patients with percutaneous coronary angioplasty (PTCA) or coronary stenting. Seventy-eight patients with coronary stenting and 231 patients with PTCA were included in a prospective randomized trial comparing collagen plug implantation to conventional haemostasis. Collagen plug implantation significantly reduced median manual compression times from 45 min (quartiles: 35 min, 51 min) to 5 min (4 min, 6 min) after stenting (P = 0.001) and from 27 min (20 min, 32 min) to 5 min (4 min, 6 min) after PTCA (P = 0.0001). After stenting, in 15 of the 37 patients with collagen implants, access site complications occurred (11 pseudoaneurysms, one arteriovenous fistula, three bleedings requiring blood transfusion, four local infections). The complication rate in the control group (17/41) was not significantly different (P = 0.88). After PTCA, three of the 114 control group patients suffered access site complications, while in the corresponding treatment group of 117 patients, complications occurred in 16 (seven pseudoaneurysms, one arteriovenous fistula, six infections, two femoral occlusions, one bleeding with nerve compression; P = 0.0049). In conclusion, the vascular haemostasis device allows rapid sealing of the vascular access site even under full anticoagulation. Its use after PTCA was however associated with increased access site complications, particularly infections, and even after coronary stenting, failed to reduce the incidence of access site complications.
Enantioselective Allylic Substitutions Catalyzed by [(Hydroxyalkyl)pyridinooxazoline]- and [(Alkoxyalkyl)pyridinooxazoline]palladium Complexes (1997)

Highly enantioselective (up to >99% ee) palladium-catalyzed substitution of rac-3-diphenyl-2-propenyl acetate with dimethyl malonate as nucleophile was achieved using 2-(1-hydroxyalkyl)-6-(4,5-dihydro-2-oxazolyl)pyridines and 2-(1-alkoxyalkyl)-6-(4,5-dihydro-2-oxazolyl)pyridines as ligands for palladium. The selectivity was found to be highly dependent on the nature of the substituents on the ligand and on the relative configuration of the two stereogenic centers present in the ligand. The results are discussed in terms of the conformation of the ligands in the intermediate π-allylpalladium complexes.
Efficient Certificate Revocation in Vehicular Networks Using NGN Capabilities (2010)

We address the problem of efficiently revoking certificates of malicious and compromised nodes in vehicular networks. As in previous work, our focus is making sure that vehicles receive the new list of revoked certificates (CRL) before they can be compromised. Unlike previous solutions, our work revolves around the idea of making use of existing capabilities offered by mobile network operators to improve the efficiency of the distribution of the CRL. Our proposed solution gathers positions and headings of vehicles using a location service enabler. Based on that information, the infrastructure can decide when and in which areas to broadcast the incremental CRL using any of the existing technologies such as the Multimedia Broadcast Multicast Service (MBMS). Our simulation results show that the proposed solution outperforms existing solutions based on the use of Road-side Units (RSUs) for disseminating CRLs. The improvement in terms of distribution delay and number of compromised nodes is noticeably better as the density of vehicles decreases.
Session initiation protocol and Web services for next generation multimedia applications (2003)

This paper describes a framework for providing multimedia, multimodal, distributed services using the session initiation protocol (SIP) and Web services technologies. Within the framework, there is a service platform consisting of the SIP application server, which is used to build call routing/telephony and IMPP (instant message and presence) services using SIP servlets, and a Web application server. There are also distributed service building blocks providing basic building blocks such as an IVR system, media server, TTS server and conference server. All these building blocks from different vendors can be registered in the UDDI registry for dynamic binding at run time. SOAP is used to transfer control information among different components. Meanwhile, the building blocks can be packaged as deployable units with an SIP interface for establishing IMPP and media sessions and with a SOAP interface for providing dynamic control information. The proposed framework will be beneficial to service developers so that they can use familiar Web development tools instead of proprietary APIs to develop new media applications. It will be also useful for service providers or integrators to easily and quickly deploy new services, which are allowed to be distributed remotely and configured using standard protocols. In addition, the proposed framework will be helpful for end users to access innovative multimedia services, which offer interactions with different features at relatively low cost. It is shown that a number of innovative services could be built using this framework.
Effect of a ventral slot procedure and of smooth or positive-profile threaded pins with polymethylmethacrylate fixation on intervertebral biomechanics at treated and adjacent canine cervical vertebral motion units (2005)

Results indicated that fixation of a cervical VMU alters the biomechanics of adjacent VMUs and may contribute to intervertebral degeneration of adjacent intervertebral disks. Use of threaded pins may lower the incidence of pin loosening and implant failure but enhances the likelihood of transverse foramina penetration.
Uncharted Waters: What Can We Learn From Waters Produced From Horizontal Wells in the Permian Basin? (2014)

use total ion chemistry and isotope geochemistry to differentiate waters from different hydrocarbon bearing zones as one direct indicator of the zones accessed by induced fractures in horizontal wells. Additionally, using these chemical data, we can distinguish water injected during fracture stimulation (frac water) from subsurface waters in the production flow stream. Because frac water is easily distinguished from formation water, we are able to determine that water produced immediately on flowback is dominantly formation water. Frac water returns to the surface as periodic or episodic slugs of mixed formation and frac water, with the frac water contribution typically about 50% or less of the produced water load. Accordingly, the industry practice of monitoring frac water load produced at the surface is relevant only in terms of volume, not water composition, since most of the water produced initially during well flowback is formation water. In another example, two horizontal wells, A and B, were producing significant volumes of water relative to surrounding horizontal wells in the Wolfcamp formation in the Permian Basin. Utilizing microseismic data, we were able to identify a transcurrent fault system with sub-seismic splays that we believed could be affecting water production in the two wells. Water samples were taken from Wells A and B and four additional horizontal wells nearby, which targeted the same producing formations in wells A and B, as well as the underlying formation. Utilizing ion and isotope chemistry data, we were able to show that waters produced from wells A and B were dissimilar to water produced from nearby wells in the same formations, as well as water produced from the immediately underlying formation. We conclude that water in wells A and B were being produced from the fault system and associated sub-seismic splay, and not from the host formation. Microseismic data and production logs showed that the fault splay intersected our horizontal well, providing insight for specific remediation that can be performed to cement off and isolate the majority of the water productive interval.