gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Induction of suppressor cells by staphylococcal enterotoxin B: identification of a suppressor cell circuit in the generation of suppressor-effector cells. (1988)

We have shown previously that staphylococcal enterotoxin B (SEB) has the capacity to non-specifically inhibit antibody responses in vitro through the induction of a suppressor cell population. In the present studies, an analysis of the cellular dynamics has shown that the generation of Lyt-1-2+ suppressor-effector cells is dependent on the initial activation by SEB of an Lyt-1+2- suppressor-inducer population. Co-culture experiments carried out in vitro suggest that the induction of the suppressor-effector population requires at least two signals: one signal is provided by the suppressor-inducer population, and the second signal is provided by SEB. Studies also show that the in vitro antibody response is suppressed when the suppressor cells are added as late as Day 4 of a 5-day culture. While the suppressor cell population activated early in the antibody response is Lyt-1-2+, depletion studies suggest that the population that acts late in an ongoing response bears the Lyt-1+2+ surface phenotype. The results demonstrate that at least three distinct SEB-induced T-cell populations are capable of participating in the suppression of the antibody response. The relationship between the generation of non-specific suppressor cells and the activation of antigen-specific cell circuits is discussed.
Reconciling flexibility and robustness in industrial automation systems, and living happily ever after (2013)

Many automation systems are used in safety-critical environments, in which any nondeterministic timing behavior of the software may damage equipment or even threaten the health of people. Making software behave deterministically usually relies on hardware-bound optimizations, leaving little room for abstraction layers. This, however, has a negative impact on several important software qualities such as portability, maintainability, or scalability. As a consequence, it becomes difficult to use the same software across different platforms, scale it up or down to changing requirements, or reuse code across different families of products. In this article, we show how both flexibility and robustness can be achieved for real-time automation software. To this end, we present the mechanisms behind the component-based execution framework FASA. This framework offers a platform abstraction mechanism, which allows developers to port it to various platforms in a well-defined manner while maintaining its deterministic qualities. Furthermore, FASA supports runtime reconfigurations and software updates while executing real-time applications without any disruptions. For each of these concepts, we detail our reference implementation.
Hybrid printing of mechanically and biologically improved constructs for cartilage tissue engineering applications (2012)

Bioprinting is an emerging technique used to fabricate viable, 3D tissue constructs through the precise deposition of cells and hydrogels in a layer-by-layer fashion. Despite the ability to mimic the native properties of tissue, printed 3D constructs that are composed of naturally-derived biomaterials still lack structural integrity and adequate mechanical properties for use in vivo, thus limiting their development for use in load-bearing tissue engineering applications, such as cartilage. Fabrication of viable constructs using a novel multi-head deposition system provides the ability to combine synthetic polymers, which have higher mechanical strength than natural materials, with the favorable environment for cell growth provided by traditional naturally-derived hydrogels. However, the complexity and high cost associated with constructing the required robotic system hamper the widespread application of this approach. Moreover, the scaffolds fabricated by these robotic systems often lack flexibility, which further restrict their applications. To address these limitations, advanced fabrication techniques are necessary to generate complex constructs with controlled architectures and adequate mechanical properties. In this study, we describe the construction of a hybrid inkjet printing/electrospinning system that can be used to fabricate viable tissues for cartilage tissue engineering applications. Electrospinning of polycaprolactone fibers was alternated with inkjet printing of rabbit elastic chondrocytes suspended in a fibrin-collagen hydrogel in order to fabricate a five-layer tissue construct of 1 mm thickness. The chondrocytes survived within the printed hybrid construct with more than 80% viability one week after printing. In addition, the cells proliferated and maintained their basic biological properties within the printed layered constructs. Furthermore, the fabricated constructs formed cartilage-like tissues both in vitro and in vivo as evidenced by the deposition of type II collagen and glycosaminoglycans. Moreover, the printed hybrid scaffolds demonstrated enhanced mechanical properties compared to printed alginate or fibrin-collagen gels alone. This study demonstrates the feasibility of constructing a hybrid inkjet printing system using off-the-shelf components to produce cartilage constructs with improved biological and mechanical properties.
Human Breast Carcinomal Tissues Display Distinctive FTIR Spectra: Implication for the Histological Characterization of Carcinomas (1999)

Fourier transform infrared spectroscopic study of human breast normal and carcinomal tissues has been carried out. Some distinctive spectral differences which are mainly due to nucleic acids and proteins are observed between normal and carcinomal tissues. This method of analysis results in nearly 100% diagnostic accuracy of carcinomal tissues from normal tissues. The spectral patterns of well-differentiated carcinomal tissues exhibit marked heterogeneity, however that of poorly differentiated carcinomas demonstrate significant similarity. Apocrine, tubular, intraductal and mucinous carcinomas and invasive infiltrating ductal carcinomal tissues can be discriminated based on their characteristic spectra. The spectral differences confirm the possibility of using FTIR as an accurate and rapid technique to distinguish between normal and malignant breast tissues and classify breast carcinomas in different subtypes.
The importance of aspartate aminotransferase for platelet aggregation. (1986)

In bovine platelets aspartate aminotransferase has a high activity. The enzyme in vitro is inhibited in a dose dependent manner by aminooxyacetate (IC50 = 10(-4) M), hydroxylamine (IC50 = 10(-4) M), and cycloserine (IC50 = 5 X 10(-3). The inhibitory effect of all the three compounds is strongest at low substrate (aspartate) concentration. Blocking of aspartate aminotransferase activity by these compounds in intact platelets is accompanied by the inhibition of ADP and collagen-induced aggregation. Among the three compounds the strongest inhibitor of platelet aggregation was hydroxylamine, which was also the most effective inhibitor of aspartate aminotransferase. Other metabolic blockers, i.e. dinitrophenol (DNP), rotenone and antimycin also inhibited the aggregation of platelets, and a synergism has been demonstrated between DNP, rotenone and antimycin A action on platelet aggregation and blockade of aspartate aminotransferase activity. The results are interpreted to mean that transamination is of importance in the energy production in the activated platelet, probably through its participation in reducing equivalents transport from the cytosol to the mitosol via the malate: oxaloacetate: aspartate shuttle.
Preparation and characterization of salts containing cations of tricoordinate boron (1984)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTPreparation and characterization of salts containing cations of tricoordinate boronChaitanya K. Narula and Heinrich NoethCite this: Inorg. Chem. 1984, 23, 25, 4147–4152Publication Date (Print):December 1, 1984Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 December 1984https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ic00193a009https://doi.org/10.1021/ic00193a009research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views376Altmetric-Citations19LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (1)»Supporting Information Supporting Information Get e-Alerts
THE PHOTOSENSITIZERS BENZOPHENOXAZINE and THIAZINES: COMPREHENSIVE INVESTIGATION OF PHOTOPHYSICAL and PHOTOCHEMICAL PROPERTIES (1990)

Eight differently substituted title dye compounds have been investigated regarding intersystem crossing, triplet state, fluorescence and singlet excited state pKa properties. In general, non-halogenated oxazines and thiazines as well as a mono bromooxazine show very low triplet quantum yields, phi tau (less than 0.03) and relatively long triplet lifetimes (approximately 40 microseconds) in acidic methanol. The phi tau data correlate well with known singlet oxygen yields. In basic methanol no triplet transient is observed but a significant yield of a ground state transient protonated (base dye) form is produced with a short lifetime, approximately 400 ns. Fluorescence can be seen simultaneously from both the excited base and the protonated base dye forms in basic methanol. For iodinated oxazine or thiazines, the triplet yield increases and can be as high as 0.5 (diiodo case) in acidic methanol. The triplet lifetimes are further shortened to approximately 10 microseconds compared to the non-iodinated derivatives above. The triplet yields of the iodo compounds are higher or equal to known singlet oxygen yields. In basic methanol triplet yields up to 0.2 can be seen, the triplet lifetime are shortened still further to 1 microsecond but no observable protonated form is produced (in distinction to the non-iodinated cases). Consideration is given to the correlation of triplet and singlet oxygen yields, ground and excited pKa properties, spin-orbit coupling and internal conversion properties, solvent effects, and phototherapeutic activity of these dyes.
Detection of Cancer DNA in Plasma of Patients with Early-Stage Breast Cancer (2014)

This prospective study demonstrates accurate mutation detection in tumor tissues using ddPCR, and that ptDNA can be detected in blood before and after surgery in patients with early-stage breast cancer. Future studies can now address whether ptDNA detected after surgery identifies patients at risk for recurrence, which could guide chemotherapy decisions for individual patients.
A heuristic for thermal-safe SoC test scheduling (2007)

High temperature has become a technological barrier to the testing of high performance systems-on-chip, especially when deep submicron technologies are employed. In order to reduce test time while keeping the temperature of the cores under test within a safe range, thermal-aware test scheduling techniques are required. In this paper, we address the test time minimization problem as how to generate the shortest test schedule such that the temperature limits of individual cores and the limit on the test-bus bandwidth are satisfied. In order to avoid overheating during the test, we partition test sets into shorter test subsequences and add cooling periods in between, such that continuously applying a test sub-sequence will not drive the core temperature going beyond the limit. Further more, based on the test partitioning scheme, we interleave the test sub-sequences from different test sets in such a manner that a cooling period reserved for one core is utilized for the test transportation and application of another core. We have proposed a heuristic to minimize the test application time by exploring alternative test partitioning and interleaving schemes with variable length of test sub-sequences and cooling periods. Experimental results have shown the efficiency of the proposed heuristic.
Free-space to single-mode collection efficiency enhancement using photonic lanterns (2013)

We demonstrate single-mode collection efficiency enhancement for free space optical systems using a photonic lantern to collect scattered infrared light from diffuse objects at far- and near-field distances. A single-mode collection efficiency improvement of ∼8 dB is demonstrated in the near-field region relative to standard single-mode fiber. The insertion loss properties of the photonic lantern are also analyzed, and an additional insertion loss penalty is observed for near-field distances when the transmitted beam is collimated. The photonic lantern can be used for coherent detection systems such as light detection and ranging and free-space optical communication with improved collection efficiency and nearly perfect mode matching.
Inorganic‐organic composites, including some examples involving polyamides and polyimides (1995)

Abstract Inorganic‐organic composites are frequently synthesized using techniques very similar to those used in the new sol‐gel approach to ceramics. Organometallics such as silicates, titanates, and aluminates are hydrolyzed in the presence of polymer chains that typically contain reactive groups for bonding onto the silica, titania, or alumina being formed in the hydrolysis, thus forming inorganic‐organic composites. When the polymer chains are present in excess, they constitute the continuous phase, with the ceramic‐type material appearing as reinforcing particles. When present in smaller amounts, the polymer is dispersed in the continuous ceramic phase, to give a polymer‐modified ceramic. Under some conditions, bicontinuous systems are obtained. The composites thus prepared are characterized by electron microscopy, x‐ray and neutron scattering intensities, density determinations, and stress‐strain and impact‐strength measurements. Some unique challenges, problems, and results involved in the application of these techniques to high‐performance polyamides and polyimides are described.
Light and inherited retinal degeneration (2006)

Light deprivation has long been considered a potential treatment for patients with inherited retinal degenerative diseases, but no therapeutic benefit has been demonstrated to date. In the few clinical studies that have addressed this issue, the underlying mutations were unknown. Our rapidly expanding knowledge of the genes and mechanisms involved in retinal degeneration have made it possible to reconsider the potential value of light restriction in specific genetic contexts. This review summarises the clinical evidence for a modifying role of light exposure in retinal degeneration and experimental evidence from animal models, focusing on retinitis pigmentosa with regional degeneration, Oguchi disease, and Stargardt macular dystrophy. These cases illustrate distinct pathophysiological roles for light, and suggest that light restriction may benefit carefully defined subsets of patients.
Efficient Reverse Genetics Reveals Genetic Determinants of Budding and Fusogenic Differences between Nipah and Hendra Viruses and Enables Real-Time Monitoring of Viral Spread in Small Animal Models of Henipavirus Infection (2014)

Nipah virus (NiV) and Hendra virus (HeV) are recently emergent zoonotic and highly lethal pathogens with pandemic potential. Although differences have been observed between NiV and HeV replication and pathogenesis, the molecular basis for these differences has not been examined. In this study, we established a highly efficient system to reverse engineer changes into replication-competent NiV and HeV, which facilitated the generation of reporter-expressing viruses and recombinant NiV-HeV chimeras with substitutions in the genes responsible for viral exit (the M gene, critical for assembly and budding) and viral entry (the G [attachment] and F [fusion] genes). These chimeras revealed differences in the budding and fusogenic properties of the M and G proteins, respectively, which help explain previously observed differences between NiV and HeV. Finally, to facilitate future in vivo studies, we monitored the replication and spread of a bioluminescent reporter-expressing NiV in susceptible mice; this is the first time such in vivo imaging has been performed under BSL-4 conditions.
Proteomic Approach Reveals FKBP4 and S100A9 as Potential Prediction Markers of Therapeutic Response to Neoadjuvant Chemotherapy in Patients with Breast Cancer (2011)

Although doxorubicin (Doxo) and docetaxel (Docet) in combination are widely used in treatment regimens for a broad spectrum of breast cancer patients, a major obstacle has emerged in that some patients are intrinsically resistant to these chemotherapeutics. Our study aimed to discover potential prediction markers of drug resistance in needle-biopsied tissues of breast cancer patients prior to neoadjuvant chemotherapy. Tissues collected before chemotherapy were analyzed by mass spectrometry. A total of 2,331 proteins were identified and comparatively quantified between drug sensitive (DS) and drug resistant (DR) patient groups by spectral count. Of them, 298 proteins were differentially expressed by more than 1.5-fold. Some of the differentially expressed proteins (DEPs) were further confirmed by Western blotting. Bioinformatic analysis revealed that the DEPs were largely associated with drug metabolism, acute phase response signaling, and fatty acid elongation in mitochondria. Clinical validation of two selected proteins by immunohistochemistry found that FKBP4 and S100A9 might be putative prediction markers in discriminating the DR group from the DS group of breast cancer patients. The results demonstrate that a quantitative proteomics/bioinformatics approach is useful for discovering prediction markers of drug resistance, and possibly for the development of a new therapeutic strategy.
Effects of Tranilast and Pentoxifylline in a Mouse Model of Chronic Asthma Using House Dust Mite Antigen (2009)

Tranilast has been used in allergic diseases because of its inhibitory effect on mast cells; it also has an anti-fibrotic effect in several diseases. Pentoxifylline (PTX), a methylxanthine derivative, is a potent anti-inflammatory drug that is known to manifest its effect through the inhibition of Th1 cytokine, but with an uncertain effect on Th2 cytokine. Seven-week-old female BALB/c mice were studied as a chronic asthma model. The mice were challenged with house dust mite (HDM) antigen for 7 weeks. Each group of mice was given an intraperitoneal injection of tranilast, PTX, or tranilast plus PTX before antigen administration. In this mouse model of chronic asthma, tranilast, and PTX each had an inhibitory effect on airway remodeling as well as on airway hyperresponsiveness (AHR) and airway inflammation. The improved events of these drugs were related with the inhibition of the Th2 cytokine IL-13 and TGF-beta 1. Immunohistochemical analysis showed that decreases in the peribronchial trichrome stained area in each treatment group were associated with improvements in the peribronchial smooth muscle hyperplasia, collagen type I, and collagen type III deposition. These drugs could have potential beneficial effects on chronic asthma, especially with respect to airway remodeling.
The Role of Predicates in Opinion Holder Extraction (2011)

In this paper, we investigate the role of predicates in opinion holder extraction.We will examine the shape of these predicates, investigate what relationship they bear towards opinion holders, determine what resources are potentially useful for acquiring them, and point out limitations of an opinion holder extraction system based on these predicates.For this study, we will carry out an evaluation on a corpus annotated with opinion holders.Our insights are, in particular, important for situations in which no labeled training data are available and only rule-based methods can be applied.
Influence of the electrical diffuse layer and microgeometry on the effective ionic diffusion coefficient in porous media (1996)

This study models the effect of the electrical diffuse layer at the pore matrix interface on ionic diffusion processes in a porous medium in presence of a concentration gradient. We find that the equation D = D f /Fø usually used to compute in steady state conditions the effective diffusion coefficient, D , of a porous medium as a function of the salt diffusion coefficient, D f , the electrical formation factor, F , and the porosity, ø, should be replaced by: D = ( D f /Fø )ξ, in the presence of an electrical diffuse layer at the pore‐matrix interface. The correction factor, ξ arises from the cross‐coupling of ionic fluxes due to electroneutrality requirement.
Bioabsorbable Anterior Cervical Plating (2007)

The rates of fusion following single-level ACDF with internal fixation using bioabsorbable polymer plate and screws in this study match those previously reported in the literature with metallic implants and are superior to noninstrumented fusions. Preliminary results suggest that this newly available technology for anterior fusion may be as effective as traditional titanium plating systems in single-level disease. The bioabsorbable material appears to be well tolerated by patients. A larger, randomized, controlled study is necessary to bring the results to statistical significance.
High frequency of fibromyalgia in patients with chronic fatigue seen in a primary care practice (1990)

We administered a standardized history questionnaire and performed a tender point examination on 27 patients with debilitating fatigue of at least 6 months duration, seen in a primary care practice, as well as on 20 patients with fibromyalgia. Sixteen of the 27 patients with chronic fatigue met the full criteria for the working case definition of chronic fatigue syndrome (CFS). Eight patients with chronic fatigue denied having any current persistent, diffuse musculoskeletal pain, and their tender point scores were similar to those in 10 normal control subjects. In contrast, 19 patients with chronic fatigue (70%) had persistent, diffuse musculoskeletal pain. The results of their tender point examinations were similar to those of the patients with fibromyalgia. Thus, the majority of these patients with debilitating chronic fatigue, including those who met criteria for CFS, met the historical and tender point diagnostic criteria for fibromyalgia. The presence of current musculoskeletal pain will identify those CFS patients who have fibromyalgia.