gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Alternative Teacher Preparation Programs: A Cost-Effectiveness Comparison (1985)

pensive, without knowing whether any of them produce the desired effects. Treating outcomes without attention to costs can result in selecting program alternatives that are only marginally more effective, but exorbitantly more expensive than other alternatives. Only by incorporating both costs and outcomes within comparative studies of program alternatives can one reliably determine which alternative is most effective for a given cost, or how much it would cost to obtain a desired level of effect. A few writings designed to help researchers use cost-effectiveness analysis in program evaluation do exist. Alkin (1970) provided an early chapter advocating its use in the evaluation of instructional programs. Levin (1975) provided a sound general introduction to the topic, followed by an instructional analysis of specific applications in educational evaluation (Levin, 1981). Thompson (1980) also discussed the use of cost-effective-
RQL: A functional Query language for RQL (2003)

The Functional approach to data management:modeling,analysing and integrating heterogeneous data Eds. P.M.D. Gray,L. Kerschberg,P.J.H. King,A.Poulovassilis
Alkyl and hydride derivatives of (pentamethylcyclopentadienyl)zirconium(IV) (1982)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTAlkyl and hydride derivatives of (pentamethylcyclopentadienyl)zirconium(IV)Peter T. Wolczanski and John E. BercawCite this: Organometallics 1982, 1, 6, 793–799Publication Date (Print):June 1, 1982Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 June 1982https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/om00066a006https://doi.org/10.1021/om00066a006research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views1276Altmetric-Citations154LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Biomolecular characterization of exosomes released from cancer stem cells: Possible implications for biomarker and treatment of cancer (2014)

Cancer recognized as one of the leading irrepressible health issues is contributing to increasing mortality-rate day-by-day. The tumor microenvironment is an important field of cancer to understand the detection, treatment and prevention of cancer. Recently, cancer stem cell (CSC) research has shown promising results aiming towards cancer diagnostics and treatment. Here, we found that prostate and breast cancer stem cells secreted vesicles of endosomal origin, called exosomes showed strong connection between autophagy and exosomes released from CSCs. Exosomes may serve as vesicles to communicate with neoplastic cells (autocrine and paracrine manner) and normal cells (paracrine and endocrine manner) and thereby suppress immune systems and regulate neoplastic growth, and metastasis. They can also be used as biomarkers for various cancers. We detected tetraspanin proteins (CD9, CD63, CD81), Alix and tumor susceptibility gene-101 (TSG101) of exosomal markers from rotenone treated CSCs. We have also detected the induction of autophagy genes, Atg7 and conversion of autophagy marker (LC3-I to LC3-II), and tetraspanin proteins (CD9, CD63, CD81) in rotenone treated CSCs by western blotting. The mRNA expression of CD9, CD63, CD81 and TSG101 analyzed by qRT-PCR showed that the rotenone induced the expression of CD9, CD63, CD81 and TSG101 in CSCs. Electron microscopy of rotenone treated CSCs showed the mitochondrial damage of CSCs as confirmed by the release of exosomes from CSCs. The constituents of exosomes may be useful to understand the mechanism of exosomes formation, release and function, and also serve as a useful biomarker and provide novel therapeutic strategies for the treatment and prevention of cancer.
Photochemical reactions in commercial poly(ethylene 2,6‐naphthalate) (1978)

Abstract The photodegradation of poly(ethylene 2,6‐naphthalate) is examined by absorption and emission spectroscopy and by flash photolysis techniques. A comparison of the emission spectra with that of a model compound 2,6‐dimethynaphthalate (DMN) shows that the chromophoric species responsible for light absorption in the near ultraviolet is the unit structure of the polymer itself. A flash photolysis study of DMN indicates that the major primary process in photodeterioration of the polymer involves scission by decarboxylation at the naphthyl‐carbon bond.
A Quantitative Analysis of Grouped Single-Phased Induction Motors (1981)

A quantitative evaluation of the effect of single-phasing on three-phase induction motors has eluded engineers with an interest or responsibility in this problem area. Although the classical analysis for such an evaluation based on symmetrical components has been generally known, the complex nature of the problem solution did not become feasible until computer programs were developed. The results of a computer-aided study are presented. Quantitative data related to motor voltage and current as well as stator and rotor heat losses-as influenced by system stiffness and motor mechanical loading-are offered in graphical format. The data included are limited to grouped induction motors whose single-phasing is due to the blowing of a fuse in the primary of a delta-wye-connected supply transformer.
A computer program to search for tRNA genes. (1980)

This paper describes a computer program that can find tRNA genes within long DNA sequences. The program obviates the need to map the tRNA genes.
Minersoft (2012)

One of the main goals of Cloud and Grid infrastructures is to make their services easily accessible and attractive to end-users. In this article we investigate the problem of supporting keyword-based searching for the discovery of software files that are installed on the nodes of large-scale, federated Grid and Cloud computing infrastructures. We address a number of challenges that arise from the unstructured nature of software and the unavailability of software-related metadata on large-scale networked environments. We present Minersoft, a harvester that visits Grid/Cloud infrastructures, crawls their file systems, identifies and classifies software files, and discovers implicit associations between them. The results of Minersoft harvesting are encoded in a weighted, typed graph, called the Software Graph. A number of information retrieval (IR) algorithms are used to enrich this graph with structural and content associations, to annotate software files with keywords and build inverted indexes to support keyword-based searching for software. Using a real testbed, we present an evaluation study of our approach, using data extracted from production-quality Grid and Cloud computing infrastructures. Experimental results show that Minersoft is a powerful tool for software search and discovery.
Poly(aniline boronic acid)-based conductimetric sensor of dopamine (2003)

Interdigitated microelectrodes derivatized with poly(aniline boronic acid) show a dopamine-sensitive response at pH 7.4.
Food size selectivity of Artemia franciscana at three developmental stages (1999)

Food size selectivity was examined in Artemia franciscana metanauplii at three different developmental stages. Clearance rates were determined in short-term experiments either by measuring the decrease in concentration of live particles and plastic beads, or by measuring the radioactivity accumulated in animals that grazed 14 C-labelled live particles. The maximum clearance rate of A.franciscana metanauplii increased during development and was measured at 50-63 l ind. - h -1 , 254 l ind. - h -1 and 1.48-2.10 ml ind. - h -1 in 2-, 4-and 7-day-old metanauplii, respectively. A preference for particles with a diameter of 4-8 m was observed at all three developmental stages. The ability of A.franciscana metanauplii to graze bacterial particles was also demonstrated, although the efficiency in grazing such small particles was low compared to microalgae (28, 20 and 9% of the maximum clearance rate in 2-, 4-and 7-day-old metanauplii, respectively). Electron microscopy showed that the inter-setular distance in antennae and thoracopods was 0.20 0.07, 0.16 0.05 and 0.18 0.04 m in 2-, 4-and 7-day-old metanauplii, respectively, and accordingly independent of stage.
Nano‐Dissection and Sequencing of DNA at Single Sub‐Nuclear Structures (2014)

The relative positioning of gene loci within a mammalian nucleus is non-random and plays a role in gene regulation. Some sub-nuclear structures may represent "hubs" that bring specific genetic loci into close proximity where co-regulatory mechanisms can operate. The identification of loci in proximity to a shared sub-nuclear structure can provide insights into the function of the associated structure, and reveal relationships between the loci sharing a common association. A technique is introduced based on the nano-dissection of DNA from thin sections of cells by high-precision nano-tools operated inside a scanning electron microscope. The ability to dissect and identify gene loci occupying a shared site at a single sub-nuclear structure is demonstrated here for the first time. The technique is applied to the nano-dissection of DNA in vicinity of a single promyelocytic leukemia nuclear body (PML NB), and reveals novel loci from several chromosomes that are confirmed to associate at PML NBs with statistical significance in a cell population. Furthermore, it is demonstrated that pairs of loci from different chromosomes congregate at the same nuclear body. It is proposed that this technique is the first that allows the de novo determination of gene loci associations with single nuclear sub-structures.
Effect of the Spacer Structure on the Stability of Gold Nanoparticles Functionalized with Monodentate Thiolated Poly(ethylene glycol) Ligands (2013)

Poly(ethylene glycol)- (PEG-) based ligands are well-established for the stabilization of nanoparticles in aqueous solution and are especially interesting for applications in medicine and biotechnology because they are known to improve the pharmacokinetic properties of nanomaterials. In this study, we prepared gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) with ligand shells of different monodentate poly(ethylene glycol)-thiol (PEG-SH) ligands. These ligands differed only in the segment connecting the thiol group with the PEG moiety (Mw ≈ 2000 g/mol) through an ester bond, the spacer. All ligands were synthesized by straightforward esterification. Specifically, we used PEG ligands with a long (C10, PEGMUA) or short (C2, PEGMPA) alkylene spacer or a phenylene (PEGMPAA) spacer. The influence of the spacer on the stability of gold nanoparticle-PEG conjugates (AuNP@PEG) was tested by cyanide etching experiments, electrolyte-induced aggregation, and competitive ligand displacement with dithiothreitol (DTT). In the presence of 100 mM cyanide, AuNPs stabilized with PEGMPA or PEGMPAA were completely dissolved by oxidative etching within a few minutes, whereas AuNPs stabilized with PEGMUA needed more than 20 h to be completely etched. By complementary experiments, we deduced a simplified description for the etching process that takes into account the role of excess ligand. In the presence of free ligand, significantly fewer AuNPs are etched, suggesting a competition of etching and ligand binding to AuNPs. We also compared the stabilizing effect of PEGMUA with that of a bidentate PEG-thiol ligand (PEGLIP) and found a reversed stability against cyanide etching and DTT displacement, in agreement with previously reported observations. Our results clearly demonstrate the strong impact of the spacer structure on conjugate stability and provide valuable information for the rational design of more complex AuNP@PEG conjugates, which are of much interest in the context of biotechnology and medical applications.
Helix Magic. Thermo-Driven Chiroptical Switching and Screw-Sense Inversion of Flexible Rod Helical Polysilylenes (2000)

An ideal optically active helical chromophoric polymer comprising a flexible rodlike silicon main chain and enantiopure alkyl side chains, poly{(S)-3,7-dimethyloctyl-3-methylbutylsilylene}, underwent a thermo-driven helix−helix transition at −20 °C in isooctane. The transition characteristics, including transition temperature, transition width, the population of right- and left-handed helical motifs, global shape, and screw-pitch, were to be characterized quantitatively by spectroscopically analyzing circular dichroism (CD) and UV absorption characteristics. This is based on the unique property of the rodlike polymer in which the CD band completely matches the corresponding UV band profile at all temperatures. Moreover, fine controlling the contents and chirality of an additional chiral silylene unit incorporated in the copolymers allows free manipulation of the transition temperature in the range from −64 to +79 °C. Molecular mechanics calculation showed remarkable differences in the potential energy curve of the main chain torsion angle between flexible and rigid rodlike polysilylenes. These results and knowledge gained should assist in designing and controlling new types of helix−helix transition polymers directed to diverse screw-sense related properties and applications.
Dual-wavelength-band subwavelength grating coupler operating in the near infrared and extended shortwave infrared (2019)

We show that dual-wavelength-band (DWB) subwavelength grating couplers (SWGCs) can be designed for simultaneous coupling of the near-infrared and extended shortwave-infrared (SWIR) fundamental transverse electric polarized light at the same diffraction angle. Numerical simulations predict coupling efficiencies (CEs) larger than 34% for the DWB SWGCs operating in the S/C band (1.48/1.55 μm) and extended SWIR band (1.8-2.8 μm) with a widely and continuously tailorable peak wavelength separation between 250 and 1250 nm. The fabricated DWB SWGCs with peak wavelengths of (1.56, 2.255) μm and (1.487, 2.331) μm respectively obtain CEs of (20.2, 25.8)% and (20.6, 26.9)%, 1-dB bandwidths of 38 nm and 54 nm at a diffraction angle of 2°.
Critical Design Factors for Electrochemical Aptasensors Based on Target-Induced Conformational Changes: The Case of Small-Molecule Targets (2022)

Nucleic-acid aptamers consisting in single-stranded DNA oligonucleotides emerged as very promising biorecognition elements for electrochemical biosensors applied in various fields such as medicine, environmental, and food safety. Despite their outstanding features, such as high-binding affinity for a broad range of targets, high stability, low cost and ease of modification, numerous challenges had to be overcome from the aptamer selection process on the design of functioning biosensing devices. Moreover, in the case of small molecules such as metabolites, toxins, drugs, etc., obtaining efficient binding aptamer sequences proved a challenging task given their small molecular surface and limited interactions between their functional groups and aptamer sequences. Thus, establishing consistent evaluation standards for aptamer affinity is crucial for the success of these aptamers in biosensing applications. In this context, this article will give an overview on the thermodynamic and structural aspects of the aptamer-target interaction, its specificity and selectivity, and will also highlight the current methods employed for determining the aptamer-binding affinity and the structural characterization of the aptamer-target complex. The critical aspects regarding the generation of aptamer-modified electrodes suitable for electrochemical sensing, such as appropriate bioreceptor immobilization strategy and experimental conditions which facilitate a convenient anchoring and stability of the aptamer, are also discussed. The review also summarizes some effective small molecule aptasensing platforms from the recent literature.
Hole diffusion profile in a p-p+ silicon homojunction determined by terahertz and midinfrared spectroscopic ellipsometry (2009)

Noninvasive optical measurement of hole diffusion profiles in p-p+ silicon homojunction is reported by ellipsometry in the terahertz (0.2–1.5 THz) and midinfrared (9–50 THz) spectral regions. In the terahertz region a surface-guided wave resonance with transverse-electrical polarization is observed at the boundary of the p-p+ homojunction, and which is found to be extremely sensitive to the low-doped p-type carrier concentration as well as to the hole diffusion profile within the p-p+ homojunction. Effective mass approximations allow determination of homojunction hole concentrations as p=2.9×1015 cm−3, p+=5.6×1018 cm−3, and diffusion time constant Dt=7.7×10−3 μm2, in agreement with previous electrical investigations.
Experimentalism and Anti-academism Complex in Contemporary Poems (2011)

Conflicts between academism and anti-academism in contemporary Chinese poems actually also originate in the U.S.A.The difference is that in the U.S.A.academism appeared first,and then came anti-academism,but in China,there came anti-academism first,and then academism fictitiously derived from anti-academism.In a sense,some academic spirits satisfy the needs of contemporary Chinese poems.I take it for granted that the spirits involve serious attitude towards the poetry,respect for the formality and art,and the continuous and intentional efforts to a certain classics.Of course,the spirits have nothing to do with academic identification and academism,which is not only the needs for the academism,but indispensable for the anti-academism.
Pharmacokinetics, Pharmacodynamics and Drug–Drug Interactions of New Anti-Migraine Drugs—Lasmiditan, Gepants, and Calcitonin-Gene-Related Peptide (CGRP) Receptor Monoclonal Antibodies (2020)

In the last few years, there have been significant advances in migraine management and prevention. Lasmiditan, ubrogepant, rimegepant and monoclonal <i>antibodies</i> (erenumab, fremanezumab, galcanezumab, and eptinezumab) are new drugs that were launched on the US pharmaceutical market; some of them also in Europe. This publication reviews the available worldwide references on the safety of these anti-migraine drugs with a focus on the possible drug-drug (DDI) or drug-food interactions. As is known, bioavailability of a drug and, hence, its pharmacological efficacy depend on its pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics, which may be altered by drug interactions. This paper discusses the interactions of gepants and lasmiditan with, i.a., serotonergic drugs, CYP3A4 inhibitors, and inducers or breast cancer resistant protein (BCRP) and <i>P-glycoprotein</i> (P-gp) inhibitors. In the case of monoclonal antibodies, the issue of pharmacodynamic interactions related to the modulation of the immune system functions was addressed. It also focuses on the effect of monoclonal antibodies on expression of class Fc gamma receptors (FcγR).
A PEDF-Derived Peptide Inhibits Retinal Neovascularization and Blocks Mobilization of Bone Marrow-Derived Endothelial Progenitor Cells (2011)

Proliferative diabetic retinopathy is characterized by pathological retinal neovascularization, mediated by both angiogenesis (involving mature endothelial cells) and vasculogenesis (involving bone marrow-derived circulating endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs)). Pigment epithelium-derived factor (PEDF) contains an N-terminal 34-amino acid peptide (PEDF-34) that has antiangiogenic properties. Herein, we present a novel finding that PEDF-34 also possesses antivasculogenic activity. In the oxygen-induced retinopathy (OIR) model using transgenic mice that have Tie2 promoter-driven GFP expression, we quantified Tie2GFP(+) cells in bone marrow and peripheral blood by fluorescence-activated cell sorting (FACS). OIR significantly increased the number of circulating Tie2-GFP(+) at P16, correlating with the peak progression of neovascularization. Daily intraperitoneal injections of PEDF-34 into OIR mice decreased the number of Tie2-GFP(+) cells in the circulation at P16 by 65% but did not affect the number of Tie2-GFP(+) cells in the bone marrow. These studies suggest that PEDF-34 attenuates EPC mobilization from the bone marrow into the blood circulation during retinal neovascularization.
Brain Regeneration in Physiology and Pathology: The Immune Signature Driving Therapeutic Plasticity of Neural Stem Cells (2011)

Regenerative processes occurring under physiological (maintenance) and pathological (reparative) conditions are a fundamental part of life and vary greatly among different species, individuals, and tissues. Physiological regeneration occurs naturally as a consequence of normal cell erosion, or as an inevitable outcome of any biological process aiming at the restoration of homeostasis. Reparative regeneration occurs as a consequence of tissue damage. Although the central nervous system (CNS) has been considered for years as a "perennial" tissue, it has recently become clear that both physiological and reparative regeneration occur also within the CNS to sustain tissue homeostasis and repair. Proliferation and differentiation of neural stem/progenitor cells (NPCs) residing within the healthy CNS, or surviving injury, are considered crucial in sustaining these processes. Thus a large number of experimental stem cell-based transplantation systems for CNS repair have recently been established. The results suggest that transplanted NPCs promote tissue repair not only via cell replacement but also through their local contribution to changes in the diseased tissue milieu. This review focuses on the remarkable plasticity of endogenous and exogenous (transplanted) NPCs in promoting repair. Special attention will be given to the cross-talk existing between NPCs and CNS-resident microglia as well as CNS-infiltrating immune cells from the circulation, as a crucial event sustaining NPC-mediated neuroprotection. Finally, we will propose the concept of the context-dependent potency of transplanted NPCs (therapeutic plasticity) to exert multiple therapeutic actions, such as cell replacement, neurotrophic support, and immunomodulation, in CNS repair.
Synthesis of magnetic/silicananoparticles with a core of magnetic clusters and their application for the immobilization of His-tagged enzymes (2009)

We synthesized magnetic/silica nanoparticles with a core/shell structure. The average diameter of the spherical particles was approximately 100 nm, and the average thickness of the silica shell was 20 nm. Due to the core of the magnetic clusters, the particles exhibited strong magnetization (21 emu/g). To immobilize His-tagged lipase, copper complexes with three different ligands were anchored to the surfaces of the particles. Up to 70% of the initial activity was obtained after three uses. Differences in the enzymatic activity and ligand-dependent reusability are discussed.