gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Tracking Myocardial Motion From Cine DENSE Images Using Spatiotemporal Phase Unwrapping and Temporal Fitting (2007)

Displacement encoding with stimulated echoes (DENSE) encodes myocardial tissue displacement into the phase of the MR image. Cine DENSE allows for rapid quantification of myocardial displacement at multiple cardiac phases through the majority of the cardiac cycle. For practical sensitivities to motion, relatively high displacement encoding frequencies are used and phase wrapping typically occurs. In order to obtain absolute measures of displacement, a two-dimensional (2-D) quality-guided phase unwrapping algorithm was adapted to unwrap both spatially and temporally. Both a fully automated algorithm and a faster semi-automated algorithm are proposed. A method for computing the 2-D trajectories of discrete points in the myocardium as they move through the cardiac cycle is introduced. The error in individual displacement measurements is reduced by fitting a time series to sequential displacement measurements along each trajectory. This improvement is in turn reflected in strain maps, which are derived directly from the trajectories. These methods were validated both in vivo and on a rotating phantom. Further measurements were made to optimize the displacement encoding frequency and to estimate the baseline strain noise both on the phantom and in vivo. The fully automated phase unwrapping algorithm was successful for 767 out of 800 images (95.9%), and the semi-automated algorithm was successful for 786 out of 800 images (98.3%). The accuracy of the tracking algorithm for typical cardiac displacements on a rotating phantom is 0.24 +/- 0.15 mm. The optimal displacement encoding frequency is in the region of 0.1 cycles/mm, and, for 2 scans of 17-s duration, the strain noise after temporal fitting was estimated to be 2.5 +/- 3.0% at end-diastole, 3.1 +/- 3.1% at end-systole, and 5.3 +/- 5.0% in mid-diastole. The improvement in intra-myocardial strain measurements due to temporal fitting is apparent in strain histograms, and also in identifying regions of dysfunctional myocardium in studies of patients with infarcts.
Use of Baclofen to Suppress Cough Induced by Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors (1996)

Low-dose oral baclofen therapy caused a prolonged antitussive effect in all subjects without inducing any adverse reactions. Baclofen may offer an alternative to the discontinuation of ACE inhibitor therapy in patients for whom these drugs are required.
Extending networks from chips to flexible and stretchable electronics (2016)

Emerging flexible hybrid electronics paradigm integrates traditional rigid integrated circuits and printed electronics on a flexible substrate. This hybrid approach aims to combine the physical benefits of flexible electronics with the computational advantages of the silicon technology. In this paper, we discuss the possibility to implement a physically flexible system capable of sensing, computation and communication. We argue that this capability can transform personalized computing by enabling the next big leap forward in the form factor design, similar to the shift from desktop and laptop computers to hand-held devices. Designing this type of a comprehensive system requires integrating many flexible and rigid resources on the same substrate. As a result, efficient interconnection network design rises as one of the major challenges similar to the system-on-chip experience. Therefore, we also discuss the interconnect design challenges and promising solutions for flexible hybrid systems.
Remotely addressable magnetic composite micropumps (2012)

Remotely and selectively turning on and off the magnetization of many micro-scale magnetic actuators could be a great enabling feature in fields such as microrobotics and microfluidics. We present an array of addressable 800 × 800 × 75 μm3 micropumps made from a composite material whose net magnetic moment can be selectively turned on or off by application of a large magnetic field pulse. The material is made from a mixture of micron-scale neodymium-iron-boron and ferrite particles, and can be formed into arbitrary actuator shapes using a simple molding procedure. By selectively controlling the orientation of each of an array of micro-actuators prior to the application of the field pulse, the magnetic on/off state of each can be controlled independently. The micropumps are actuated by rotating magnetic fields up to 12 kA m−1 in strength to pump liquid through 100 μm fluid channels. A distinct transition between the on and off states is seen by application of pulsed magnetic fields of about 240 kA m−1 in strength. As a demonstration, we show addressable on/off control of two micropumps and five simple spinning magnetic microactuators, with potential applications for lab-on-a-chip type fluidic devices.
<title>Pattern recognition algorithms for linewidth measurement</title> (1992)

Novel edge detection and line fitting pattern recognition algorithms are applied for linewidth measurement on images of integrated circuits. The strategy employs a two step procedure. In the first step, a neural network is used for edge detection of the image. Three neural network approaches are investigated: bootstrap linear threshold, self-organizing, and constrained maximization strategies. These neural networks combine filtering and thresholding to reduce noise and aberrations in the image. Further, the parameters of the neural network are estimated using an unsupervised learning procedure. The advantage of this learning strategy is the ability to adapt to the imaging environment. Consequently, these proposed neural network approaches for edge detection do not require an a priori database of images with known linewidths for calibration. In the second step, new line-fitting methods are applied to the edge maps defined by the neural network to compute linewidth. Two methods are investigated: an eigenvector strategy and a technique that is based on a reformulation of the line-fitting problem such that advanced signal processing techniques can be employed. The latter algorithm is capable of fitting multiple lines in an image which need not be parallel and possesses computational speed superiority over conventional techniques and can be implemented on-line. By employing this two-step strategy, the entire image is used to estimate linewidth as opposed to a single or few line scans. Thus, edge roughness effects can be spatially averaged to obtain an optimal estimate of linewidth. The techniques are general and can be used on images form a variety of microscopes including optical and electron-beam. The pattern recognition algorithms are applied to images of patterned wafers with lines smaller than 1 micrometers wide. These images are obtained by optical microscopes. The estimated linewidths are shown to be in close agreement with those measured by scanning electron microscopes. The application of the proposed pattern recognition techniques to solve other problems in IC metrology, such as rotational wafer alignment, is also discussed.
An improved automatic computer aided tube detection and labeling system on chest radiographs (2012)

Tubes like Endotracheal (ET) tube used to maintain patient's airway and the Nasogastric (NG) tube used to feed the patient and drain contents of the stomach are very commonly used in Intensive Care Units (ICU). The placement of these tubes is critical for their proper functioning and improper tube placement can even be fatal. Bedside chest radiographs are considered the quickest and safest method to check the placement of these tubes. Tertiary ICU's typically generate over 250 chest radiographs per day to confirm tube placement. This paper develops a new fully automatic prototype computer-aided detection (CAD) system for tube detection on bedside chest radiographs. The core of the CAD system is the randomized algorithm which selects tubes based on their average repeatability from seed points. The CAD algorithm is designed as a 5 stage process: Preprocessing (removing borders, histogram equalization, anisotropic filtering), Anatomy Segmentation (to identify neck, esophagus, abdomen ROI's), Seed Generation, Region Growing and Tube Selection. The preliminary evaluation was carried out on 64 cases. The prototype CAD system was able to detect ET tubes with a True Positive Rate of 0.93 and False Positive Rate of 0.02/image and NG tubes with a True Positive Rate of 0.84 and False Positive Rate of 0.02/image respectively. The results from the prototype system show that it is feasible to automatically detect both tubes on chest radiographs, with the potential to significantly speed the delivery of imaging services while maintaining high accuracy.
Synthesis of the Small Pore Silicoaluminophosphate STA-6 by Using Supramolecular Self-Assembled Organic Structure Directing Agents (2014)

By means of organic structure directing agents (OSDA) formed by bulky paired quinolinium derived molecules, obtained by self-assembled monomers, it has been possible to synthesize for the first time the pure silicoaluminophosphate form of the small pore STA-6 zeotype. This synthesis method allows obtaining samples with very well dispersed framework silicon atoms, opening the possibility for its use in catalysis.
Search for mouse mammary tumor virus-like env sequences in cancer and normal breast from the same individuals. (2001)

We have reported previously that a 660-bp sequence homologous to the env gene of the mouse mammary tumor virus, but not to the known endogenous retroviruses, was present in 38% of human breast cancers (Y. Wang et al., Cancer Res., 55: 5173-5179, 1995). A unique 250-bp internal sequence was equally present in formalin-fixed breast carcinoma. It was not detected in normal human breasts or in other tumors. In this study, we have investigated whether this 250-bp env sequence was also present in the formalin-fixed normal tissues of individuals with env sequence-positive breast cancer. Separate paraffin-embedded sections from breast carcinoma and normal breast tissues from the same individual were obtained from the Cooperative Breast Cancer Tissue Registry of the National Cancer Institute. The 250-bp env sequence was detected in 30.1% of the 106 tumors but in only 1 of the 106 normal breast tissues. These results indicate that the sequence is absent in normal tissues and thus is not genetically transmitted. This strongly implies that it is of exogenous origin.
Evolution and Distribution of Saxitoxin Biosynthesis in Dinoflagellates (2013)

Numerous species of marine dinoflagellates synthesize the potent environmental neurotoxic alkaloid, saxitoxin, the agent of the human illness, paralytic shellfish poisoning. In addition, certain freshwater species of cyanobacteria also synthesize the same toxic compound, with the biosynthetic pathway and genes responsible being recently reported. Three theories have been postulated to explain the origin of saxitoxin in dinoflagellates: The production of saxitoxin by co-cultured bacteria rather than the dinoflagellates themselves, convergent evolution within both dinoflagellates and bacteria and horizontal gene transfer between dinoflagellates and bacteria. The discovery of cyanobacterial saxitoxin homologs in dinoflagellates has enabled us for the first time to evaluate these theories. Here, we review the distribution of saxitoxin within the dinoflagellates and our knowledge of its genetic basis to determine the likely evolutionary origins of this potent neurotoxin.
Investigation of 9-switch dual-bridge matrix converter operating under low output power factor (2004)

The dual-bridge matrix converter (DBMC) concept has been gaining recognition as a promising circuit alternative. Among all the DBMC topologies with reduced number of switches, the 9-switch topology shows the least number of switches and high quality waveforms. However, it has been proven that this converter can not operate safely when the output power factor is less than 0.866. This paper proposes a novel method to operate the 9-switch DBMC with low output power factor loads. In order to accomplish this task, one additional clamp circuit switch is introduced to exchange power when the output power factor is lower than 0.866. With this switch, the 9-switch DBMC can continue to provide high quality input/output waveforms when the output power factor, is not too low. Theoretical analysis, simulation and experimental results are presented in the paper to verify its effectiveness.
Manipulating Polarization-division Multiplexed Terahertz Signals with Four-wire Waveguides (2022)

We demonstrate a new metal-wire waveguide topology, namely a four-wire waveguide, which simultaneously acts as a broadband terahertz polarization-division multiplexer and a novel platform to realize the independent manipulation of polarization-division multiplexed terahertz signals.
Singular Integrals, Image Smoothness, and the Recovery of Texture in Image Deblurring (2004)

Total variation (TV) image deblurring is a PDE-based technique that preserves edges, but often eliminates vital small-scale information, or {\em texture}. This phenomenon reflects the fact that most natural images are not of bounded variation. The present paper reconsiders the image deblurring problem in Lipschitz spaces $\Lambda(\alpha, p, q)$, wherein a wide class of nonsmooth images can be accommodated. A new and fast FFT-based deblurring method is developed that can recover texture in cases where TV deblurring fails completely. Singular integrals, such as the Poisson kernel, are used to create an effective new image analysis tool that can calibrate the lack of smoothness in an image. It is found that a rich class of images $\in \Lambda(\alpha, 1, \infty) \cap \Lambda(\beta, 2, \infty)$, with $0.2 < \alpha, \beta < 0.7$. The Poisson kernel is then used to regularize the deblurring problem by appropriately constraining its solutions in $\Lambda(\alpha, 2, \infty)$ spaces, leading to new L2 error bounds that substantially improve on the Tikhonov--Miller method. This so-called Poisson Singular Integral or PSI method is only one of an infinite variety of singular integral deblurring methods that can be constructed. The method is found to be well-behaved in both the L1 and L2 norms, producing results closely matching those obtained in the theoretically optimal, but practically unrealizable, case of true Wiener filtering. Deblurring experiments on synthetically defocused images illustrate the PSI method's very significant improvements over both the total variation and Tikhonov--Miller methods. In addition, successful reconstructions with inexact prior Lipschitz space information, highlight the robustness and practicality of the PSI method.
Production and isolation of reuterin, a growth inhibitor produced by Lactobacillus reuteri (1988)

Lactobacillus reuteri is a prominent member of the Lactobacillus population in the gastrointestinal ecosystem of humans, poultry, swine, and other animals. Reuterin is a newly discovered, broad-spectrum antimicrobial substance produced by this species during fermentation of glycerol. In this report, we describe procedures for (i) producing reuterin in sufficient amounts to isolate from a fermentation mixture and (ii) isolating this substance by high-performance liquid chromatography. By using uniformly labeled [14C]glycerol, reuterin was identified as a product of glycerol fermentation associated with the production of beta-hydroxypropionic acid and trimethylene glycol.
Transgenic Overexpression of the Transcription Factor<i>Alfin1</i>Enhances Expression of the Endogenous <i>MsPRP2</i>Gene in Alfalfa and Improves Salinity Tolerance of the Plants1 (1999)

Alfin1 cDNA encodes a putative transcription factor associated with NaCl tolerance in alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.). The recombinant protein binds DNA in a sequence-specific manner, including promoter fragments of the NaCl-inducible gene MsPRP2. Alfin1 function was tested in transgenic alfalfa under the control of the 35S promoter in the sense and antisense orientations with the endogenous MsPRP2 as a reporter gene. Calli overexpressing Alfin1 were more resistant to growth inhibition by 171 mM NaCl than vector-transformed controls, whereas calli expressing Alfin1 in the antisense orientation were more sensitive to NaCl inhibition. Transgenic plants overexpressing Alfin1 in the sense orientation grew well. In contrast, the antisense transgenic plants grew poorly in soil, demonstrating that Alfin1 expression is essential for normal plant development. Transgenic calli and plant roots overexpressing Alfin1 showed enhanced levels of endogenous MsPRP2 mRNA accumulation. However, MsPRP2 mRNA accumulation was also regulated in a tissue-specific manner, as shown in leaves of transgenic plants overexpressing Alfin1. These results suggest that Alfin1 acts as a transcriptional regulator in plants and regulates MsPRP2 expression in alfalfa. Alfin1 overexpressing transgenic plants showed salinity tolerance comparable to one of our NaCl-tolerant plants, indicating that Alfin1 also functions in gene regulation in NaCl tolerance.
In vitro potency, pharmacokinetic profiles and pharmacological activity of optimized anti-IL-21R antibodies in a mouse model of lupus (2010)

Using phage display, we generated a panel of optimized neutralizing antibodies against the human and mouse receptors for interleukin 21 (IL-21), a cytokine that is implicated in the pathogenesis of many types of autoimmune disease. Two antibodies, Ab-01 and Ab-02, which differed by only four amino acids in V(L) CDR3, showed potent inhibition of human and mouse IL-21R in cell-based assays and were evaluated for their pharmacological and pharmacodynamic properties. Ab-01, but not Ab-02, significantly reduced a biomarker of disease (anti-dsDNA antibodies) and IgG deposits in the kidney in the MRL-Fas(lpr) mouse model of lupus, suggesting that anti-IL-21R antibodies may prove useful in the treatment of lupus. Ab-01 also had a consistently higher exposure (AUC(0-infinity)) than Ab-02 following a single dose in rodents or cynomolgus monkeys (2-3-fold or 4-7-fold, respectively). Our data demonstrate that small differences in CDR3 sequences of optimized antibodies can lead to profound differences in in vitro and in vivo properties, including differences in pharmacological activity and pharmacokinetic profiles. The lack of persistent activity of Ab-02 in the MRL-Fas(lpr) mouse lupus model may have been a consequence of faster elimination, reduced potency in blocking the effects of mouse IL-21R, and more potent/earlier onset of the anti-product response relative to Ab-01.
An Implementable Scheme for Universal Lossy Compression of Discrete Markov Sources (2009)

We present a new lossy compressor for discrete sources. For coding a source sequence $x^n$, the encoder starts by assigning a certain cost to each reconstruction sequence. It then finds the reconstruction that minimizes this cost and describes it losslessly to the decoder via a universal lossless compressor. The cost of a sequence is given by a linear combination of its empirical probabilities of some order $k+1$ and its distortion relative to the source sequence. The linear structure of the cost in the empirical count matrix allows the encoder to employ a Viterbi-like algorithm for obtaining the minimizing reconstruction sequence simply. We identify a choice of coefficients for the linear combination in the cost function which ensures that the algorithm universally achieves the optimum rate-distortion performance of any Markov source in the limit of large $n$, provided $k$ is increased as $o(\log n)$.
Thermoplastic Elastomers and Rubber-Toughened Plastics from Recycled Rubber and Plastics (2002)

Abstract An experimental investigation has been conducted to evaluate the use of recycled rubbers in blends for the development of new thermoplastic elastomers (TPE) and rubber-toughened plastics. The recycled rubbers were obtained from various commercial sources and included representatives from the EPDM, SBR, and NR/SBR blend families, as well as a range of particle sizes. A series of five different virgin polypropylenes (PP) were used as the plastic phase, representing a range of molecular weights and suppliers. Blends were prepared in a Haake Buechler batch mixer over a broad range of constituent fractions. Compatibilization and reactive blending techniques were used to improve the quality of the scrap rubber/plastic blends with respect to both mechanical and rheological properties. Results indicate that these blending techniques are required to obtain acceptable mechanical strength in the resultant materials. Additional parameters that significantly enhanced properties included elevating the blending temperature, reducing rubber particle size, and increasing PP molecular weight. This later conclusion was attributed to a lower degree of crystallinity in the PP phase that contributes to better blending between the phases.
Simple-Design and Compact MIM CRLH Microstrip 3-dB Coupled-Line Coupler (2006)

A metal-insulator-metal (MIM) composite right/left-handed (CRLH) microstrip 3-dB coupled-line (CL) coupler exhibiting simple design characteristics, high compactness and immunity to spurious resonances is presented along with a rigorous design procedure. This CL coupler can be easily designed to achieve any arbitrary level of coupling. In comparison with its interdigital counterpart, this coupler is twice smaller and exhibits much higher design simplicity
In situ calibration of micro-photoionization detectors in a multi-dimensional micro-gas chromatography system (2016)

A photoionization detector (PID) is widely used as a gas chromatography (GC) detector. By virtue of its non-destructive nature, multiple PIDs can be used in multi-dimensional GC. However, different PIDs have different responsivities towards the same chemical compound with the same concentration or mass due to different aging conditions of the PID lamps and windows. Here, we carried out a systematic study regarding the response of 5 Krypton μPIDs in a 1 × 4-channel 2-dimensional μGC system to 7 different volatile organic compounds (VOCs) with the ionization potential ranging from 8.45 eV to 10.08 eV and the concentration ranging from ∼1 ng to ∼2000 ng. We used one of the PIDs as the reference detector and calculated the calibration factor for each of the remaining 4 PIDs against the first PID, which we found is quite uniform regardless of the analyte, its concentration, or chromatographic peak width. Based on the above observation, we were able to quantitatively reconstruct the coeluted peaks in the first dimension using the signal obtained with a PID array in the second dimension. Our work will enable rapid and in situ calibration of PIDs in a GC system using a single analyte at a single concentration. It will also lead to the development of multi-channel multi-dimensional GC where multiple PIDs are employed.
Analysis and design of full-order flux observers for sensorless induction motors (2003)

This paper deals with the flux estimation for sensorless induction motor drives. The linearized model of the speed-adaptive full-order flux observer is applied to help choosing the observer gain and the speed-adaptation gains. It is shown that the linearized model reveals potential instability problems that are difficult to find by other means. An observer gain and a method to vary the speed-adaptation gains in the field-weakening region are proposed. Experimental results show stable operation in a very wide speed range.