gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
STORI Plots Enable Accurate Tracking of Individual Ion Signals (2019)

Charge detection mass spectrometry (CDMS) of low-level signals is currently limited to the analysis of individual ions that generate a persistent signal during the entire observation period. Ions that disintegrate during the observation period produce reduced frequency domain signal amplitudes, which lead to an underestimation of the ion charge state, and thus the ion mass. The charge assignment can only be corrected through an accurate determination of the time of ion disintegration. The traditional mechanisms for temporal signal analysis have severe limitations for temporal resolution, spectral resolution, and signal-to-noise ratios. Selective Temporal Overview of Resonant Ions (STORI) plots provide a new framework to accurately analyze low-level time domain signals of individual ions. STORI plots allow for complete correction of intermittent signals, the differentiation of single and multiple ions at the same frequency, and the association of signals that spontaneously change frequency.
ChemInform Abstract: Very High Surface Area Microporous Carbon with a Three‐Dimensional Nano‐Array Structure: Synthesis and Its Molecular Structure. (2002)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
5A regulator with thermal gradient controlled current limit (1979)

A 5A monolithic three-terminal adjustable voltage regulator will be described. The design includes overload protection and uses temperature gradients across the chip to provide time dependent current limiting.
Production interactions between combinations of 4 perennial legumes and 5 perennial grasses, grown under high input management with and without applications of nitrogen (2015)

The value of legumes in high input pastures has come into question in recent years. High sowing ratesof grasses (> 20 kg/ha) and the regular use of nitrogen fertilisers are contributing factors to the decliningcomposition of legumes in pastures. However, legumes can be an important component of a mixed pasturesward, through their ability to fix atmospheric nitrogen and their high nutritive value. This study evaluatedthe dry matter (DM) contribution of legumes to irrigated mixed swards receiving either a nil nitrogen or a40kg N/ha nitrogen treatment following each defoliation event. The experiment was sown with 29 pasturetreatments consisting of mixed swards and monocultures of 5 grass species (perennial ryegrass cv. Base, tallfescue <i>Festuca arundinacea</i> cv. Quantum II MaxP, coloured brome <i>Bromus coloratus</i> cv. Exceltas, cocksfoot<i>Dactylis glomerata</i> cv. Megatas and phalaris <i>Phalaris</i> hybrid cv. Advanced AT) and 4 legume species (whiteclover cv. Bounty, red clover <i>Trifolium pratense</i> cv. Rubitas, strawberry clover <i>Trifolium fragiferum</i> cv.Palestine and Caucasian clover <i>Trifolium ambiguum</i> cv. Kuratas). The clover contribution (%) to productionincreased significantly (P<0.05) in nil-nitrogen treatments compared with pasture mixes receiving nitrogen.The application of high rates of N fertilisers can inhibit significant contributions of legumes to overallproduction. White clover proved to be well adapted and the results of this study suggest it would difficult tojustify the sole use of any alternative species tested.
Speech processing in the auditory system I: The representation of speech sounds in the responses of the auditory nerve (1985)

In a previous paper the speech evoked spatio-temporal response patterns recorded in large populations of auditory-nerve fibers in the cat were examined [M.I. Miller and M.B. Sachs, J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 74, 502-517 (1983)]. The distribution of the relative phases of synchronized activity emerges as an important response feature reflecting the stimulus spectral parameters. Specifically, each strong low-order harmonic of the stimulus (less than or equal to 1.5-2 kHz) dominates the synchrony of a relatively broad segment of fibers near its corresponding characteristic frequency (CF) location in a pattern which mirrors the underlying traveling wave component. Each such fiber segment can be roughly subdivided into two regions: (1) a region basal to the point of resonance of the harmonic where the fiber PST histograms accumulate only small delays (or phase shifts) relative to each other reflecting the fast speed of propagation of the traveling wave, and (2) a region at or very near the point of resonance where the responses exhibit drastic relative phase shifts owing to the sudden slow down of the traveling wave and the consequent rapid accumulation of phase shifts. These rapid phase shifts thus manifest themselves as steep and localized spatial discontinuities in an otherwise relatively uniform instantaneous pattern of activity across the fiber array, all occurring at the CF locations corresponding to the low-order harmonics of the stimulus.
Fire in the ashes: Can failed Alzheimer's disease drugs succeed with second chances? (2012)

We find support for our earlier proposal that (-)-phenserine did not fail, but the methods of development did fail, to provide conditions where efficacy could be tested. We propose that redevelopment under conditions aimed to correct methodological deficiencies common in AD drug developments will successfully test efficacy for (-)-phenserine and hopefully lead to a disease-modifying addition to the AD therapeutic armamentarium.
A simple microprocessor for FASTBUS slave modules (1989)

A simple but powerful implementation of a microprocessor is described for use as an embedded processing engine in FASTBUS modules. This design uses a 16 MHz 68000 processor and 128K of static random access memory, yet it is economical enough for use on boards which are produced in large quantities. The circuit contains 11 chips, draws less than 4 W of power, and costs less than $75 in parts. Software can be written using any assembler or compiler/linker which can create Motorola S-code or an absolute binary image, and several tools exist to aid software development.
Effect of partially decomposed guar gum on high-cholesterol-fed rats and non-dietary fiber-fed rats. (1990)

本研究では, 難消化性多糖類の分子量と生理作用の関係を解明する目的で, グアガムおよびそれを酵素で低分子化したグアガム部分分解物が, ラットの脂質代謝あるいは糞便排泄に与える作用について検討した。その結果, グアガムに比べて著しく粘度の低いグアガム部分分解物が, 血漿コレステロール上昇抑制作用と糞排泄量および水分含量の増加作用を保持していることを明らかにした。
An overview on the treatments and prevention against COVID-19 (2023)

This review describes potential therapeutic agents, including antiviral agents, biologic agents, anti-inflammatory agents, and herbal agents in the treatment of COVID-19 patients. In addition to reviewing the vaccine candidates that entered phases 4, 3, and 2/3 clinical trials, this review also discusses the various platforms that are used to develop the vaccine COVID-19.
The Combination of Symbolic and Numerical Computation or Three-Dimensional Modeling of RNA (1991)

Three-dimensional (3-D) structural models of RNA are essential for understanding of the cellular roles played by RNA. Such models have been obtained by a technique based on a constraint satisfaction algorithm that allows for the facile incorporation of secondary and other structural information. The program generates 3-D structures of RNA with atomic-level resolution that can be refined by numerical techniques such as energy minimization. The precision of this technique was evaluated by comparing predicted transfer RNA loop and RNA pseudoknot structures with known or consensus structures. The root-mean-square deviation (2.0 to 3.0 angstroms before minimization) between predicted and control structures reveal this system to be an effective method in modeling RNA.
New N-Heterocyclic Carbene Ligand and Its Application in Asymmetric Nickel-Catalyzed Aldehyde/Alkyne Reductive Couplings (2007)

A new chiral N-heterocyclic carbene ligand has been prepared and examined in nickel-catalyzed, asymmetric reductive couplings of aldehydes and alkynes. In comparison with related structures that have been largely examined in asymmetric ring-closing metathesis reactions, the new ligand provides superior yields and enantioselectivities in the nickel-catalyzed reductive couplings. The scope of asymmetric couplings in intermolecular variants as well as a 14-membered macrocyclization is illustrated.
The developmental application of an embedded biometric identification system based on the TMS320VC5471 (2008)

This paper presents an embeded biometric identification system based on the TMS320VC5471,which is used to meet the need of security arrangements,such as entrance guards,work-attendance check,management work,bank system,etc.The paper also describes the hardware design and software programming of the system.According to the two kinds of biometric characteristic,that is,physiology and behavior characteristics,different sensors shoud be choosen and different kinds of biometric identification technology algorithm need applying to the biometric character identification and identity authentication.The system interface is very simple to operate and boasts high accuracy and reliability.
Decorrelating Semantic Visual Attributes by Resisting the Urge to Share (2014)

Existing methods to learn visual attributes are prone to learning the wrong thing -- namely, properties that are correlated with the attribute of interest among training samples. Yet, many proposed applications of attributes rely on being able to learn the correct semantic concept corresponding to each attribute. We propose to resolve such confusions by jointly learning decorrelated, discriminative attribute models. Leveraging side information about semantic relatedness, we develop a multi-task learning approach that uses structured sparsity to encourage feature competition among unrelated attributes and feature sharing among related attributes. On three challenging datasets, we show that accounting for structure in the visual attribute space is key to learning attribute models that preserve semantics, yielding improved generalizability that helps in the recognition and discovery of unseen object categories.
Supplementary material to: Back-pressure traffic signal control with unknown routing rates (2013)

This is the supplementary material to the paper: back-pressure traffic signal control with unknown routing rates. It details proofs not included in the paper due to space limitations. The characterization of the capacity region, the optimality of BP* and the behaviour of the Lyapunov drift under BP control are proved.
Effects of Kidney-Pancreas Transplantation on Atherosclerotic Risk Factors and Endothelial Function in Patients With Uremia and Type 1 Diabetes (2001)

Cardiovascular disease and the development of coronary artery disease play a pivotal role in increasing mortality in patients with type 1 diabetes. The aim of our study was to evaluate the effects of pancreas transplantation on atherosclerotic risk factors, endothelial-dependent dilation (EDD), and progression of intima media thickness (IMT) in patients with uremia and type 1 diabetes after kidney-alone (KA) or kidney-pancreas (KP) transplantation. A cross-sectional study comparing two groups of patients with type 1 diabetes was performed. Sixty patients underwent KP transplantation and 30 patients underwent KA transplantation. Age and cardiovascular risk profile were comparable in patients before transplantation. In all patients, atherosclerotic risks factors (lipid profile, fasting and post-methionine load plasma homocysteine, von Willebrand factor levels, D-dimer fragments, and fibrinogen) were assessed and Doppler echographic evaluation of IMT and endothelial function with flow-mediated and nitrate dilation of the brachial artery was performed. Twenty healthy subjects were chosen as controls (C) for EDD. Compared with patients undergoing KA transplantation, patients undergoing KP transplantation showed lower values for HbA1c (KP = 6.2 +/- 0.1% vs. KA = 8.4 +/- 0.5%; P < 0.01), fasting homocysteine (KP = 14.0 +/- 0.7 mcromol/l vs. KA = 19.0 +/- 2.0 micromol/l; P = 0.02), von Willebrand factor levels (KP = 157.9 +/- 8.6% vs. KA = 212.5 +/- 16.2%; P < 0.01), D-dimer fragments (KP = 0.29 +/- 0.02 microg/ml vs. KA = 0.73 +/- 0.11 microg/ml;P < 0.01), fibrinogen (KP = 363.0 +/- 11.1 mg/dl vs. KA = 397.6 +/- 19.4 mg/dl; NS), triglycerides (KP = 122.7 +/- 8.6 mg/dl vs. KA = 187.0 +/- 30.1 mg/dl; P = 0.01), and urinary albumin excretion rate (KP = 13.5 +/- 1.9 mg/24 h vs. KA = 57.3 +/- 26.3 mg/24 h; P < 0.01). Patients undergoing KP transplantation showed a normal EDD (KP = 6.21 +/- 2.42%, KA = 0.65 +/- 2.74%, C = 8.1 +/- 2.1%; P < 0.01), whereas no differences were observed in nitrate-dependent dilation. Moreover, IMT was lower in patients undergoing KP transplantation than in patients undergoing KA transplantation (KP = 0.74 +/- 0.03 mm vs. KA = 0.86 +/- 0.09 mm; P = 0.04). Our study showed that patients with type 1 diabetes have a lower atherosclerotic risk profile after KP transplantation than after KA transplantation. These differences are tightly correlated with metabolic control, fasting homocysteine levels, lower D-dimer fragments, and lower von Willebrand factor levels. Normal endothelial function and reduction of IMT was observed only in patients undergoing KP transplantation.
Chromatin motion in neuronal interphase nuclei: Changes induced by disruption of intermediate filaments (1991)

Motion of nucleoli within interphase nuclei, known as nuclear rotation, may be used as a measure of motion of chromatin domains within the global confines of the nucleus. Mechanisms by which chromatin domains are transposed remain enigmatic. It has been established that nuclei are anchored by a network of intermediate filaments, structural proteins which share epitopes with nuclear lamins and possibly representing a constraint on nuclear rotation. It is postulated that selective removal of this constraint, by acrylamide, would result in increased chromatin motion. Mean rates of nucleolar displacement were quantified in neurons, in vitro. Nuclear rotation increased from a mean control rate of 0.102 +/- 0.002 micron/min (n = 52) to a maximum mean rate of 0.207 +/- 0.026 micron/min (n = 11), after 23 hr of exposure to 4 mM acrylamide. Despite this significant increase in motion of intranuclear domains, cytoplasmic structures in the immediate juxtanuclear area did not exhibit increases in rates of motion. Immunocytochemistry was used to visualize cytoskeletal structures and to assay selective disruption of neurofilaments by acrylamide. Increased rates of chromatin motion coincided with breakdown of the intermediate filament network. Ultrastructural analyses showed that the increase in chromatin motion induced by acrylamide was also associated with a significant (P less than 0.005) change in the thickness of the nuclear lamina, decreasing from 20.9 +/- 5.10 nm (n = 159) in controls to 18.9 +/- 3.1 nm (n = 148), to 19.5 +/- 3.6 nm (n = 240) and to 16.1 +/- 4.4 nm (n = 103) at 4, 8 and 22 hr exposure, respectively. Moreover, the number of mitochondria per unit area changed significantly (P less than 0.0001) with exposure to acrylamide, increasing from 9.1 +/- 2.2 mitochondrial profiles in controls to 16.5 +/- 5.3 profiles after 22 hr exposure to acrylamide. Distribution of other cytoskeletal components, actin and microtubules, was not altered and does not appear to play a significant role in the observed increase in rates of nuclear rotation. We conclude that the removal of the damping effects on chromatin motion normally imposed by the nuclear lamina and by intermediate filaments results in increased chromatin motion.
Cryopreservation of Animal and Human Cell Lines (2007)

The long-term storage of human and animal cell lines is a relatively new branch of the science of cryopreservation of living organisms. The need to maintain the increasing numbers of cell lines, as they started to emerge from research laboratories from the mid-1900s, necessitated a radical approach to the problem. The realization that they could survive cryopreservation, and that a slow rate of cooling is essential for this survival, led to the eventual discovery of cryoprotectants. Subsequent development of mechanical freezers, which can accurately control the rate of cooling, now allows cells to be cryopreserved at their maximum viability. This chapter outlines the essentials steps for the successful preparation, freezing, and storage of cell lines.
Einleitung (2001)

Telematik (s. Abschnitt 3.1, Seite 10) hat in den wenigen Jahren ihres Bestehens, Dank dem starken Interesse der Industrie und dem rasanten Fortschritt der Technologie, umfassend alle Bereiche des täglichen Lebens durchdrungen und sich eine starke wirtschaftliche Vormachtstellung erarbeitet, so dass heute von der „Multimediagesellschaft“ der nächsten Dekade gesprochen wird. Auch vor dem Gesundheitswesen in Deutschland macht diese Entwicklung keinen Halt.
Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) Tomography of the Brain (1980)

A preliminary clinical evaluation of the nuclear magnetic resonance scans of patients with a variety of intracranial abnormalities is presented. We compare this noninvasive technique, which uses no ionizing radiation, against information obtained from conventional neuroradiological procedures and X-ray computed tomography of the same patients. The ability to produce coronal and sagittal as well as axial transverse images directly is shown to have important implications for precise lesion assessment.
Na<sub>3</sub>MnZr(PO<sub>4</sub>)<sub>3</sub>: A High-Voltage Cathode for Sodium Batteries (2018)

Sodium batteries have been regarded as promising candidates for large-scale energy storage application, provided cathode hosts with high energy density and long cycle life can be found. Herein, we report NASICON-structured Na<sub>3</sub>MnZr(PO<sub>4</sub>)<sub>3</sub> as a cathode for sodium batteries that exhibits an electrochemical performance superior to those of other manganese phosphate cathodes reported in the literature. Both the Mn<sup>4+</sup>/Mn<sup>3+</sup> and Mn<sup>3+</sup>/Mn<sup>2+</sup> redox couples are reversibly accessed in Na<sub>3</sub>MnZr(PO<sub>4</sub>)<sub>3</sub>, providing high discharge voltage plateaus at 4.0 and 3.5 V, respectively. A high discharge capacity of 105 mAh g<sup>-1</sup> was obtained from Na<sub>3</sub>MnZr(PO<sub>4</sub>)<sub>3</sub> with a small variation of lattice parameters and a small volume change on extraction of two Na<sup>+</sup> ions per formula unit. Moreover, Na<sub>3</sub>MnZr(PO<sub>4</sub>)<sub>3</sub> exhibits an excellent cycling stability, retaining 91% of the initial capacity after 500 charge/discharge cycles at 0.5 C rate. On the basis of structural analysis and density functional theory calculations, we have proposed a detailed desodiation pathway from Na<sub>3</sub>MnZr(PO<sub>4</sub>)<sub>3</sub> where Mn and Zr are disordered within the structure. We further show that the cooperative Jahn-Teller distortion of Mn<sup>3+</sup> is suppressed in the cathode and that Na<sub>2</sub>MnZr(PO<sub>4</sub>)<sub>3</sub> is a stable phase.
Impact of Mutual Solvent Preflush on Scale Squeeze Treatments: Extended Squeeze Lifetime and Improved Well Clean-up Time (2009)

Abstract The most common method for preventing scale formation is by applying a scale inhibitor squeeze treatment. In this process, a scale inhibitor solution is injected down a producer well into the near wellbore formation. Commonly, scale treatments comprise the following stages: preflush, main scale inhibitor pill, overflush tubing displacement and shut-in, followed by back-production of the well. For some years the industry has applied mutual solvent chemicals in the preflush stage of such treatments to (i) avoid emulsion formation or water blocking, thus avoiding slow well clean-up, and also (ii) for enhancing adsorption of the scale inhibitor onto the formation rock. This paper discusses the effect of a mutual solvent preflush on scale inhibitor squeeze lifetime and also on well clean up time. It builds on a previous publication that introduced a recent model to simulate the impact of a surfactant on improved inhibitor retention, which used data derived from laboratory experiments. The focus of this paper will be to consider the impact of the mutual solvent on well clean up time and the model is used to demonstrate the effect of a mutual solvent in quickly bringing wells back to full oil production. A field example is presented for a deepwater field in West Africa where intervention costs are high and any negative impact of squeeze treatments can have a significant associated deferred oil cost. A scale inhibitor squeeze design in which a mutual solvent is deployed in the preflush should account for the following phenomena: mutual solvent propagation, diminishing mutual solvent efficiency due to interaction with the fluid phases, impact of the mutual solvent on scale inhibitor retention due to increased rock surface area available for adsorption, and impact of mutual solvent on saturation dependent relative permeability functions and phase mobilities. These aspects are discussed in the paper, and the model is used to demonstrate their impact on a squeeze treatment. Particular attention is paid to the reservoir wettability, and the importance of the shape of the relative permeability curves in determining the clean up time for a well, and the benefit that a mutual solvent may bring in overcoming slow clean up times. The model is then used to demonstrate how the preflush stage of given specific field squeeze designs may be adapted to ensure optimum efficiency in terms of chemical usage, minimised deferred oil production and extended squeeze life.
Dendrimers and the Development of New Complex Nanomaterials for Biomedical Applications (2012)

New nano-scale drug carriers offer the possibility of increasing the therapeutic index of drug molecules by increasing their effectiveness, diminishing their toxicity against physiological tissues and achieving controlled therapeutic levels for a prolonged time. This review gives an overview of approaches to the development of these novel complex nanocarriers with emphasis on those involving dendrimers and related systems. The combination of two of more nano-sized units for producing an overall system with unique properties could be advantageous compared to more simple nanotechnology-based carriers. Recent advances in medicinal chemistry offer the possibility of exact tailoring of the properties of such complex systems which, in conjunction with full physicochemical characterization, may lead to novel and highly effective drug products. An assessment is given of the potential of systems such as chimeric advanced Drug Delivery nano Systems (chi-aDDnSs) for the delivery of drugs compared with conventional carriers. Rational synthesis of molecules that can act as modulators of the properties of chi-aDDnSs and may be the future in the design and development of nanocarriers, not only for the delivery of drug molecules but also for genetic material and imaging agents is sought.