gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Fractionation of Chicken Fat Triacylglycerols: Synthesis of Structured Lipids with Immobilized Lipases (2000)

ABSTRACT Chicken fat was temperature‐fractionated either without or with solvent, and by supercritical carbon dioxide extraction to produce trlacylglycerol (TAG) fractions of varying monounsaturated fatty acid (MUFA) content. Solvent fractionation from acetone at low temperature (‐38 and ‐18°C) was the most effective process for enriching the MUFA‐containing TAG of chicken fat in the liquid fractions. Caprylic acid was incorporated into the MUFA‐enriched TAG fraction in lipase‐catalyzed acidolysis reactions to produce structured lipids (SLs). Immobilization of the lipase within sol‐gel phyllosilicate matrices allowed for the reusability of both lipases.
A rapid on-line method for mass spectrometric confirmation of a cysteine-conjugated antibody-drug-conjugate structure using multidimensional chromatography (2015)

Cysteine-conjugated antibody-drug conjugates (ADCs) are manufactured using controlled partial reduction and conjugation chemistry with drug payloads that typically occur in intervals of 0, 2, 4, 6, and 8. Control of heterogeneity is of particular importance to the quality of ADC product because drug loading and distribution can affect the safety and efficacy of the ADC. Liquid chromatography ultra-violet (LC-UV)-based methods can be used to acquire the drug distribution profiles of cysteine-conjugated ADCs when analyzed using hydrophobic interaction chromatography (HIC). However, alternative analysis techniques are often required for structural identification when conjugated drugs do not possess discrete ultra-violet absorbance properties for precise assessment of the drug-to-antibody ratio (DAR). In this study, multidimensional chromatography was used as an efficient method for combining non-compatible techniques, such as HIC, with analysis by mass spectrometry (LC/LC/QTOF-MS) for rapid on-line structural elucidation of species observed in HIC distribution profiles of cysteine-conjugated ADCs. The methodology was tested using an IgG1 mAb modified by cysteine conjugation with a non-toxic drug mimic. Structural elucidation of peaks observed in the HIC analysis (1(st) dimension) were successfully identified based on their unique sub-unit masses via mass spectrometry techniques once dissociation occurred under denaturing reversed phase conditions (2(nd) dimension). Upon identification, the DAR values were determined to be 2.83, 4.44, and 5.97 for 3 drug load levels (low-, medium-, and high-loaded ADC batches), respectively, based on relative abundance from the LC-UV data. This work demonstrates that multidimensional chromatography coupled with MS, provides an efficient approach for on-line biotherapeutic characterization to ensure ADC product quality.
Structure−Activity Relationships and Mechanism of Action of Antitumor Benzo[<i>b</i>]pyrano[3,2-<i>h</i>]acridin-7-one Acronycine Analogues (2003)

The cytotoxic and antitumor activities of cis-1,2-diacyloxy-6-methoxy-3,3,14-trimethyl-1,2,3,14-tetrahydro-7H-benzo[b]pyrano[3,2-h]acridin-7-one derivatives 3, 6-9 were strongly correlated with their ability to give covalent adducts with purified, as well as genomic, DNA. Such adducts involve reaction between the exocyclic N-2 amino group of guanines exposed in the minor groove of double helical DNA and the leaving ester group at the benzylic position 1 of the drug. A transesterification process of the ester group from position 2 to position 1 in aqueous medium accounted for the intense activity of the cis-1-hydroxy-2-acyloxy-6-methoxy-3,3,14-trimethyl-1,2,3,14-tetrahydro-7H-benzo[b]pyrano[3,2-h]acridin-7-one derivatives 10-13. Compounds without acyloxy or hydroxy group at position 1, such as 15, 17, 18, and 22, were inert with respect to DNA and almost devoid of significant cytotoxic activity. Condensation of 5-amino-2,2-dimethyl-2H-chromene (26) with 3-bromo-2-naphthoic acid (27), followed by cyclization, gave access to 6-demethoxy analogues. Diacetate 32 and cyclic carbonate 33, both belonging to the latter series, were less reactive toward DNA and less cytotoxic than their 6-methoxy counterparts 3 and 34. DNA alkylation appears thus to play an important role in the antitumor properties of benzo[b]pyrano[3,2-h]acridin-7-one derivatives.
EAP Extensions for EAP Re-authentication Protocol (ERP) (2008)

The Extensible Authentication Protocol (EAP) is a generic framework
supporting multiple types of authentication methods. In systems where
EAP is used for authentication, it is desirable to not repeat the
entire EAP exchange with another authenticator. This document
specifies extensions to EAP and the EAP keying hierarchy to support an
EAP method-independent protocol for efficient re-authentication
between the peer and an EAP re-authentication server through any
authenticator. The re-authentication server may be in the home network
or in the local network to which the peer is connecting. [STANDARDS-
TRACK]
Use of p53‐Silenced Endothelial Progenitor Cells to Treat Ischemia in Diabetic Peripheral Vascular Disease (2017)

Transient silencing of p53 using adenoviral vector in EPCs may have a therapeutic role in diabetic peripheral vascular disease.
Entropic Recoil Separation of Long DNA Molecules (2002)

A novel technique that can rapidly separate long-strand polymers according to length is presented. The separation mechanism is mediated by a confinement-induced entropic force at the abrupt interface between regions of vastly different configuration entropy. To demonstrate this technique, DNA molecules were partially inserted into a dense array of nanopillars (an entropically unfavorable region) using a pulsed electric field and allowed to relax to their natural state by removal of the field. Molecules of dissimilar lengths (T2 and T7 coliphage DNA) were inserted into this region in such a way that shorter molecules were fully inserted in this region, while longer molecules remained partially across the interface. The longer T2 molecules were observed to recoil entirely out of the pillar array, leaving the shorter T7 molecules inserted, and effecting separation of the two species in a single step. To show how this method can be used for separation of unknown samples, the inserting electric field was pulsed for progressively longer times, allowing passage of progressively longer molecules and producing the equivalent of a conventional electropherogram. The effects limiting resolution in this device are discussed, and the expected separating power of a multistage device is reported. The extracted resolution and running separation time compare favorably with current conventional separation techniques.
Electronically Tunable Doherty Power Amplifier for Multi-Mode Multi-Band Base Stations (2013)

This paper proposes an electronically reconfigurable Doherty amplifier capable of efficiently amplifying multi-standard multi-band wireless signals centered at widely spaced frequencies. The paper outlines closed form equations for an effective design methodology of frequency agile Doherty amplifiers driven with multi-mode signals using a small number of electronically tunable devices. As a proof of concept, a reconfigurable Doherty prototype is designed and fabricated to operate at 1.9, 2.14, and 2.6 GHz meant to efficiently amplify signals with peak-to-average power ratio equal to 6, 9 and 12 dB. The measurement results obtained using continuous wave signals reveal drain efficiencies of about 67% and 42% at the peak power and 12 dB output back off power respectively for the three operating frequencies. In addition, the reconfigurable Doherty amplifier is successfully linearized when driven with 20 MHz wideband code-division multiple access and 20 MHz long term evolution signals, using a Volterra based digital predistrtion algorithm which exploits a pruned Volterra series.
Selective inhibition of the reverse transcription of duck hepatitis B virus by binding of 2′,3′-dideoxyguanosine 5′-triphosphate to the viral polymerase (1996)

Hepatitis B virus (HBV) replication is mediated by the viral polymerase that possesses three functional domains: primer, DNA polymerase/reverse transcriptase, and RNase H. Using the Pekin duck as an animal model, we demonstrate a novel mechanism of inhibition of duck hepatitis B virus (DHBV) by 2,6-diaminopurine 2',3'-dideoxyriboside (ddDAPR), a prodrug of 2',3'-dideoxyguanosine (ddG). A selective and irreversible inhibition of DHBV DNA replication is found in ducklings treated with high doses of ddDAPR (20 to 50 mg/kg), but not with similar doses of 2',3'-dideoxycytidine (ddC). The inhibition mediated by ddDAPR occurs at a very early stage of the reverse transcription. Despite the inhibition of DHBV DNA replication by ddDAPR, the DNA polymerase and reverse transcriptase activities of the polymerase are found to remain active when tested on exogenous templates in activity gels. We have demonstrated direct binding of [alpha-32P]ddGTP to the DHBV polymerase expressed in an in vitro transcription and translation system. These results suggest that the binding of ddGTP to the polymerase blocks the initial DNA replication.
Protein Design of Geranyl Diphosphate Synthase. Strutural Features That Define the Product Specificities of Prenyltransferases (1999)

Geranyl diphosphate synthase catalyzes the condensation of isopentenyl diphosphate with dimethylallyl diphosphate to give a C(10) compound, geranyl diphosphate, which is a precursor of all monoterpenoids. However, the gene has not been isolated from any organisms. To examine the possibility that geranyl diphosphate synthase has evolved from a common ancestor of the prenyltransferase family and to predict the active site structure, we tried to convert Bacillus stearothermophilus farnesyl diphosphate synthase to geranyl diphosphate synthase, according to our previous findings. Several mutated farnesyl diphosphate synthases that have single amino acid substitutions before the first aspartate-rich motif were constructed. A mutated enzyme that has the replacement of serine by phenylalanine at the fourth position before the motif exclusively produced geranyl diphosphate when dimethylallyl diphosphate was used as the primer, and hardly accepted geranyl diphosphate as a primer, indicating that this mutation causes the conversion to geranyl diphosphate synthase. This result supports the idea that the product specificities of all members of the E-prenyltransferase family are mainly defined by a few structural features: the amino acids at the fourth position and the fifth position before the first aspartate-rich motif, and the insertion of two amino acids in the motif. This suggests that natural geranyl diphosphate synthases might have an active site structure similar to that of the mutated enzyme.
Soybean mosaic virus Infection and Helper Component-protease Enhance Accumulation of Bean pod mottle virus-Specific siRNAs (2011)

Soybean plants infected with Bean pod mottle virus (BPMV) develop acute symptoms that usually decrease in severity over time. In other plant-virus interactions, this type of symptom recovery has been associated with degradation of viral RNAs by RNA silencing, which is accompanied by the accumulation of virus-derived small interfering RNAs (siRNAs). In this study, changes in the accumulation of BPMV siRNAs were investigated in soybean plants infected with BPMV alone, or infected with both BPMV and Soybean mosaic virus (SMV) and in transgenic soybean plants expressing SMV helper component-protease (HC-Pro). In many potyviruses, HC-Pro is a potent suppressor of RNA silencing. In plants infected with BPMV alone, accumulation of siRNAs was positively correlated with symptom severity and accumulation of BPMV genomic RNAs. Plants infected with both BPMV and SMV and BPMV-infected transgenic soybean plants expressing SMV HC-Pro exhibited severe symptoms characteristic of BPMVSMV synergism, and showed enhanced accumulation of BPMV RNAs and siRNAs compared to plants infected with BPMV alone and nontransgenic plants. Likewise, SMV HC-Pro enhanced the accumulation of siRNAs produced from a silenced green fluorescent protein gene in transient expression assays, while the P19 silencing suppressor of Tomato bushy stunt virus did not. Consistent with the modes of action of HC-Pro in other systems, which have shown that HC-Pro suppresses RNA silencing by preventing the unwinding of duplex siRNAs and inhibiting siRNA methylation, these studies showed that SMV HC-Pro interfered with the activities of RNA-induced silencing complexes, but not the activities of Dicer-like enzymes in antiviral defenses.
Biodegradation of thermoplastic and thermosetting polyesters from Z-protected glutamic acid (1999)

In a previous article,1 the development and molecular characterization of three polyesters from N-carbobenzyloxy-L-glutamic acid (ZGluOH) were reported. The polymers were a linear, heterochain polyester (ZGluOH and ethylene glycol), a crosslinked heterochain polyester (ZGluOH and diglycidyl ether of 1,4-butanediol), and a crosslinked, heterochain aromatic polyester (ZGluOH and diglycidyl ether of bisphenol A). In this manuscript, results of biodegradation studies are reported. The three polymers hydrolyzed to low molecular weight oligomers similar to the monomers with lipase. When exposed to a mixed culture of micro-organisms, the first two resins degraded to biomass and respiratory gases. The crosslinked heterochain aromatic polyester resisted microbial degradation. © 1999 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 74: 3513–3521, 1999
Doped contacts for high-longevity optically activated, high-gain GaAs photoconductive semiconductor switches (2000)

The longevity of high-gain GaAs photoconductive semiconductor switches (PCSS) has been extended to over 100 million pulses. This was achieved by improving the ohmic contacts through the incorporation of a doped layer that is very effective in the suppression of filament formation, alleviating current crowding. Damage-free operation is now possible at much higher current levels than before. The inherent damage-free current capacity of the bulk GaAs depends on the thickness of the doped layers and is at least 100 A for a dopant diffusion depth of 4 /spl mu/m. This current could be increased by employing multiple switches connected in parallel. The contact metal has a different damage mechanism, and the threshold for damage (/spl sim/40-80 A) is not further improved beyond a dopant diffusion depth of about 2 /spl mu/m. In a diffusion-doped contact switch, the switching performance is not degraded at the onset of contact metal erosion, unlike a switch with conventional contacts. For fireset applications operating at 1-kV/1-kA levels and higher, doped contacts have not yet resulted in improved longevity. We employ multifilament operation and InPb solder/Au ribbon wirebonding to demonstrate >100-shot lifetime at 1-kV/1-kA.
Determination of beta 2-microglobulin in human urine and serum by latex immunoassay. (1981)

This highly sensitive method for determination of beta 2-microglobulin (beta 2-m) in human urine or serum is based on direct agglutination by beta 2-m of latex particles on which an antibody against beta 2-m is adsorbed. The agglutination is quantified by counting the remaining unagglutinated particles, or by turbidimetry. A novel aspect of this method is the capability to prevent nonspecific agglutination of the antibody-coated particles by diluting them with an albumin solution of well-defined characteristics (pH, freshness, concentration) just before the assay. The assayable concentration range is 1--32 micrograms/L, the detection limit 0.5 micrograms/L. Within-assay CV, based on 10 determinations of beta 2-m in urine and serum at two different dilutions, ranged from 4.6 to 8.7%. Between-assay CV, calculated from 10 determinations of beta 2-m in urine and serum, was 10 and 8.4%, respectively. Analytical recovery of beta 2-m in urine averaged 97% and in serum 104% (n = 10). No component of urine or serum interfered. Coefficients of correlation for beta 2-m in urine or serum as measured by radioimmunoassay and latex immunoassay were 0.97 and 0.93, respectively. Concentrations of beta 2-m in serum and urine from 33 healthy men (ages 20 to 67 years) averaged 1.5 mg/l and 54 micrograms/g of creatine, respectively.
Considerations in the Design of HDTV Systems for Terrestrial Broadcasting (1991)

The preliminary decision by the Federal Communications Commission (FCC) to require simulcasting of HDTV in 6-MHz channels and to give an extra channel to each licensee who desires it for this purpose sets several important challenges for the system designer. Unprecedented advances in data compression and channel coding are required. In particular, effective suppression of analog channel impairments and very high spectrum efficiency are mandatory. The means by which this may be accomplished while incorporating a number of other desirable features in a TV system that is to last for several decades is discussed in this article. The opinions herein are those of the author only.
ChemInform Abstract: Peptoid Macrocycles: Making the Rounds with Peptidomimetic Oligomers (2010)

Abstract Review: 94 refs.
AUTOLOGOUS ENGINEERED CARTILAGE RODS FOR PENILE RECONSTRUCTION (1999)

Autologous chondrocytes seeded on preformed biodegradable polymer structures form cartilage structures within the rabbit corpus cavernosum. This technology appears to be useful for creating autologous penile prostheses.
Management of Carnitine deficiency in ESRD Patients undergoing dialysis : Challenges and considerations (2001)

A simple supercritical fluid extraction (SFE) method has been developed to efficiently extract incurred residues of methamidophos (a very polar pesticide) from fresh vegetable samples by using commercial SFE equipment and moderate SFE conditions. Vegetable samples were mixed with anhydrous magnesium sulfate and extracted with supercritical carbon dioxide at 300 atm and 50 degrees C with methanol as static modifier and a few milliliters of ethyl acetate as trapping system. Methamidophos recoveries were > 70% from 33 pepper, cucumber, and tomato samples at incurred levels ranging from 0.1 to 2.2 mg/kg. Triplicate analysis from 2 replicates at an incurred level of 0.53 mg/kg gave a coefficient of variation of 14%. Results for incurred residues of chlorpyrifos, endosulfan, and procymidone in some samples show that the SFE technique could be used as a multiresidue method.
Adolescent Suicidal Risk Assessment in Clinician-Patient Interaction (2016)

Youth suicide is a major public health problem. It is the third leading cause of death in the United States for ages 13 through 18. Many adolescents that face suicidal thoughts or make a suicide plan never seek professional care or help. Within this work, we evaluate both verbal and nonverbal responses to a five-item ubiquitous questionnaire to identify and assess suicidal risk of adolescents. We utilize a machine learning approach to identify suicidal from non-suicidal speech as well as characterize adolescents that repeatedly attempted suicide in the past. Our findings investigate both verbal and nonverbal behavior information of the face-to-face clinician-patient interaction. We investigate 60 audio-recorded dyadic clinician-patient interviews of 30 suicidal (13 repeaters and 17 non-repeaters) and 30 non-suicidal adolescents. The interaction between clinician and adolescents is statistically analyzed to reveal differences between suicidal versus non-suicidal adolescents and to investigate suicidal repeaters’ behaviors in comparison to suicidal non-repeaters. By using a hierarchical classifier we were able to show that the verbal responses to the ubiquitous questions sections of the interviews were useful to discriminate suicidal and non-suicidal patients. However, to additionally classify suicidal repeaters and suicidal non-repeaters more information especially nonverbal information is required.
Molecular genetics of Bloom's syndrome (1996)

Mutation of the Bloom's syndrome (BS) gene, BLM, results in genomic instability. As the first step toward positional cloning of the gene, tight linkage of BLM and FES at 15q26.1 was detected by genotyping affected in families in which the parents are cousins, so-called homozygosity mapping. Linkage disequilibrium between BLM and FES was detected in Ashkenazi Jews with BS, confirming the linkage results and supporting the hypothesis that the increased frequency of the BS mutation in the Ashkenazim is due to founder effect. The mutated BLM gene is inherited identical by descent in BS persons whose parents are cousins or Ashkenazi Jewish; in persons whose parents do not share a common ancestor, BLM can be mutant at different positions within the gene. In such persons, crossing-over within BLM can occur to form a functionally wild-type gene capable of correcting the mutant phenotype of BS cells. In half the cases in which such somatic intragenic recombination had occurred, reduction to homozygosity was detectable distal to BLM but not proximal to it. We localized the cross-over points in corrected cells to a 250 kb genomic segment and isolated therefrom a 4437 bp cDNA that encodes a 1417 amino acid protein homologous to the RecQ subfamily of DExH box-containing DNA and RNA helicases. The identification of BLM as a putative DNA helicase provides a new and powerful tool to investigate the primary defect in BS and the function of the BLM gene product in maintaining the integrity of the genome.
Modeling Size Limitations of Resistive Crossbar Array With Cell Selectors (2016)

Due to recent developments in emerging memory technologies, resistive crossbar arrays have gained increasing importance. The size of the crossbar arrays is, however, limited due to challenges brought by the interconnect resistance, sneak path currents, and the physical area of the peripheral circuitry. In this paper, three figures of merit that characterize the limitations of resistive crossbar arrays with selectors are described, such as the driver resistance, voltage degradation across the cell, and read margin. The models, exhibiting good agreement with SPICE, are compared with different biasing schemes during both write and read operations. These models are also used to predict the device requirements of resistive crossbar arrays with selectors and to project parameter values, such as the nonlinearity factor, on-state resistance, and tolerable interconnect resistance per cell for large-scale crossbar arrays.
A Systematic Methodology for Optimal Design of Two-Phase Micro-Channel Heat Sinks (2004)

This study provides a comprehensive methodology for optimizing the design of a two-phase micro-channel heat sink. The heat sink parameters are grouped into geometrical parameters, operating parameters, and thermal/fluid parameters. The objective of the proposed methodology is to optimize micro-channel dimensions in pursuit of acceptable values for the thermal/fluid parameters corresponding to a given heat flux, coolant, and overall dimensions of the heat generating device to which the heat sink is attached. The proposed optimization methodology yields an acceptable design region encompassing all possible micro-channel dimensions corresponding to a prescribed coolant flow rate or pressure drop. The designer is left with the decision to select optimum channel dimensions that yield acceptable values of important thermal/fluid parameters that are easily predicted by the optimization procedure.