gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Real-Time Self-Adaptive Deep Stereo (2019)

Deep convolutional neural networks trained end-to-end are the state-of-the-art methods to regress dense disparity maps from stereo pairs. These models, however, suffer from a notable decrease in accuracy when exposed to scenarios significantly different from the training set (e.g., real vs synthetic images, etc.). We argue that it is extremely unlikely to gather enough samples to achieve effective training/tuning in any target domain, thus making this setup impractical for many applications. Instead, we propose to perform unsupervised and continuous online adaptation of a deep stereo network, which allows for preserving its accuracy in any environment. However, this strategy is extremely computationally demanding and thus prevents real-time inference. We address this issue introducing a new lightweight, yet effective, deep stereo architecture, Modularly ADaptive Network(MADNet), and developing a Modular ADaptation (MAD) algorithm, which independently trains sub-portions of the network. By deploying MADNet together with MAD we introduce the first real-time self-adaptive deep stereo system enabling competitive performance on heterogeneous datasets. Our code is publicly available at https://github.com/CVLAB-Unibo/Real-time-self-adaptive-deep-stereo.
Piecewise Nonlinear Frequency Modulation Waveform for MIMO Radar (2016)

We propose a piecewise nonlinear frequency modulation (PNLFM) waveform for a multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) radar. Each subpulse in the waveform set is divided into three segments. The first and the third segments are linear frequency modulation (LFM) signals, whereas the second segment is a nonlinear frequency modulation (NLFM) signal. The bandwidths and durations of subpulses are the same, whereas they can be different for each segment in the subpulse. In addition, the nonlinear time-frequency function of the second segment is controlled to improve the range and Doppler sidelobe suppression. A genetic algorithm is implemented to optimize the performance by maximally suppressing the autocorrelation sidelobe and cross correlation in range, Doppler, and angle. The MIMO radar performance is demonstrated via computation of the ambiguity function, autocorrelation function, and cross-correlation function. Numerical results are presented to show waveform properties and to compare with some existing MIMO radar waveforms. The proposed PNLFM waveform has low autocorrelation sidelobes and low cross correlation in range and Doppler, which sits at a level determined largely by the chosen time-bandwidth product.
Electric Power Generation from Low to Intermediate Temperature Resourcces (2017)

The UND-CLR Binary Geothermal Power Plant was a collaborative effort of the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE), Continental Resources, Inc. (CRL), Slope Electric Cooperative (SEC), Access Energy, LLC (AE), Basin Electric Cooperative (BEC), Olson Construction, the North Dakota Industrial Commission Renewable Energy Council (NDIC-REC), the North Dakota Department of Commerce Centers of Excellence Program (NDDC-COE), and the University of North Dakota (UND). The primary objective of project was to demonstrate/test the technical and economic feasibility of generating electricity from non-conventional, low-temperature (90 ºC to 150 °C) geothermal resources using binary technology. CLR provided the access to 98 ºC water flowing at 51 l s-1 at the Davis Water Injection Plan in Bowman County, ND. Funding for the project was from DOE –GTO, NDIC-REC, NDD-COE, and BEC. Logistics, on-site construction, and power grid access were facilitated by Slope Electric Cooperative and Olson Construction. Access Energy supplied prototype organic Rankine Cycle engines for the project. The potential power output from this project is 250 kW at a cost of $3,400 per kW. A key factor in the economics of this project is a significant advance in binary power technology by Access Energy, LLC. Other commercially available ORC engines have efficiencies 8 to 10 percent and produce 50 to 250 kW per unit. The AE ORC units are designed to generate 125 kW with efficiencies up to 14 percent and they can be installed in arrays of tens of units to produce several MW of power where geothermal waters are available. This demonstration project is small but the potential for large-scale development in deeper, hotter formations is promising. The UND team’s analysis of the entire Williston Basin using data on porosity, formation thicknesses, and fluid temperatures reveals that 4.0 x 1019 Joules of energy is available and that 1.36 x 109 MWh of power could be produced using ORC binary power plants. Much of the infrastructure necessary to develop extensive geothermal power in the Williston Basin exists as abandoned oil and gas wells. Re-completing wells for water production could provide local power throughout the basin thus reducing power loss through transmission over long distances. Water production in normal oil and gas operations is relatively low by design, but it could be one to two orders of magnitude greater in wells completed and pumped for water production. A promising method for geothermal power production recognized in this project is drilling horizontal open-hole wells in the permeable carbonate aquifers. Horizontal drilling in the aquifers increases borehole exposure to the resource and consequently increases the capacity for fluid production by up to an order of magnitude.
Analysis of proinflammatory activity of highly purified eukaryotic recombinant HMGB1 (amphoterin) (2006)

HMGB1 (amphoterin) is a 30-kDa heparin-binding protein that mediates transendothelial migration of monocytes and has proinflammatory cytokine-like activities. In this study, we have investigated proinflammatory activities of both highly purified eukaryotic HMGB1 and bacterially produced recombinant HMGB1 proteins. Mass analyses revealed that recombinant eukaryotic HMGB1 has an intrachain disulphide bond. In mass analysis of tissue-derived HMGB1, two forms were detected: the carboxyl terminal glutamic acid residue lacking form and a full-length form. Cell culture studies indicated that both eukaryotic and bacterial HMGB1 proteins induce TNF-alpha secretion and nitric oxide release from mononuclear cells. Affinity chromatography analysis revealed that HMGB1 binds tightly to proinflammatory bacterial substances. A soluble proinflammatory substance was separated from the bacterial recombinant HMGB1 by chloroform-methanol treatment. HMGB1 interacted with phosphatidylserine in both solid-phase binding and cell culture assays, suggesting that HMGB1 may regulate phosphatidylserine-dependent immune reactions. In conclusion, HMGB1 polypeptide has a weak proinflammatory activity by itself, and it binds to bacterial substances, including lipids, that may strengthen its effects.
Diffusion of Ion‐Implanted Arsenic in Thermally Grown SiO2 Films (1984)

The diffusion of As implanted in thermally grown was studied at temperatures in the range 1000°–1200°C using and as ambients. Concentrations were between . Energies of 60 and 340 keV were used. Because of As loss due to evaporation, significant quantitative data could only be obtained for deep implants. samples exhibit low diffusion rates at high concentrations (above the middle of the 1019 cm−3 range). Larger diffusion rates are observed at lower concentrations. In the samples treated in , the opposite concentration dependence of the diffusivity is observed. The shape of the profiles suggests that in both cases a high and a low concentration phase exists. A model is presented assuming that in a fully oxidized structure and in an oxygen deficient network is obtained as a first step in the annealing process. There are indications that the ambient also affects the diffusion rate during further high temperature treatment of these structures, probably through the concentration of oxygen vacancies.
Shape Memory Polymer Foam with Programmable Apertures (2020)

In this work, a novel type of polyester urethane urea (PEUU) foam is introduced. The foam was produced by reactive foaming using a mixture of poly(1,10-decamethylene adipate) diol and poly(1,4-butylene adipate) diol, 4,4'-diphenylmethane diisocyanate, 1,4-butanediol, diethanolamine and water as blowing agent. As determined by differential scanning calorimetry, the melting of the ester-based phases occurred at temperatures in between 25 °C and 61 °C, while the crystallization transition spread from 48 °C to 20 °C. The mechanical properties of the foam were simulated with the hyperplastic models Neo-Hookean and Ogden, whereby the latter showed a better agreement with the experimental data as evidenced by a Pearson correlation coefficient R² above 0.99. Once thermomechanically treated, the foam exhibited a maximum actuation of 13.7% in heating-cooling cycles under a constant external load. In turn, thermal cycling under load-free conditions resulted in an actuation of more than 10%. Good thermal insulation properties were demonstrated by thermal conductivities of 0.039 W·(m·K)<sup>-1</sup> in the pristine state and 0.052 W·(m·K)<sup>-1</sup> in a state after compression by 50%, respectively. Finally, three demonstrators were developed, which closed an aperture or opened it again simply by changing the temperature. The self-sufficient material behavior is particularly promising in the construction industry, where programmable air slots offer the prospect of a dynamic insulation system for an adaptive building envelope.
Secretion of IFN-γ and not IL-2 by anergic human T cells correlates with assembly of an immature immune synapse (2005)

We report differences in the supramolecular organization of the immunologic synapse (IS) formed by resting and anergic human T cells with agonist peptide-loaded antigen-presenting cells (APCs). T cells reactive to influenza A hemagglutinin peptide or Fel d 1 peptide 4 were rendered both anergic and regulatory by incubation with high doses of agonist peptide in the absence of APCs. At the IS between resting T cells and peptide-loaded APCs, both CD3epsilon and CD3zeta initially accumulate within a ring or arc before redistributing within 30 minutes to single or multiple foci more central to the contact. In contrast, at synapses formed by anergized T cells, CD3epsilon and CD3zeta remained organized within an arc or ring and failed to redistribute centrally. However, intercellular communication between anergic human T cells and agonist peptide-loaded APCs was not a null event, since it triggered secretion of T-cell interferon gamma (IFN-gamma) but not, for example, interleukin 2 (IL-2). Thus, distinct organizations of CD3 at the T-cell IS correlate with different cytokine profiles; the mature IS formed by resting T cells correlates with their production of both IFN-gamma and IL-2, whereas the immature IS formed by anergic T cells seems able to facilitate IFN-gamma but not IL-2 production.
<scp>L</scp>-2-Hydroxyglutaric Aciduria and Brain Tumors in Children with Mutations in the<i>L2HGDH</i>Gene: Neuroimaging Findings (2008)

L-2-Hydroxyglutaric aciduria (L-2-HGA, MIM 236792) is a rare autosomal recessive neurodegenerative disorder characterized by psychomotor delay, cerebellar and extrapyramidal signs and subcortical leukoencephalopathy with basal ganglia and dentate nuclei involvement. Mutations in the gene L2HGDH ( C14ORF160/DURANIN/) have been identified as causative for L-2-HGA. A feature disproportionally associated with L-2-HGA is the development of malignant brain tumors. In our cohort of 40 patients with L-2-HGA, two developed medulloblastoma and glioblastoma multiforme during the course of the disease. Two missense mutations in two patients were identified in the L2HGDH gene in exon 3 (c.292C-->T) and in exon 7 (c.887T-->A). Both mutations were present in the homozygous state. Serial MR imaging findings as well as MR spectroscopy imaging is reported in a patient who developed glioblastoma multiforme.
Gene expression profiling in the human hypothalamus-pituitary-adrenal axis and full-length cDNA cloning (2000)

The primary neuroendocrine interface, hypothalamus and pituitary, together with adrenals, constitute the major axis responsible for the maintenance of homeostasis and the response to the perturbations in the environment. The gene expression profiling in the human hypothalamus-pituitary-adrenal axis was catalogued by generating a large amount of expressed sequence tags (ESTs), followed by bioinformatics analysis (http://www.chgc.sh.cn/ database). Totally, 25,973 sequences of good quality were obtained from 31,130 clones (83.4%) from cDNA libraries of the hypothalamus, pituitary, and adrenal glands. After eliminating 5,347 sequences corresponding to repetitive elements and mtDNA, 20,626 ESTs could be assembled into 9, 175 clusters (3,979, 3,074, and 4,116 clusters in hypothalamus, pituitary, and adrenal glands, respectively) when overlapping ESTs were integrated. Of these clusters, 2,777 (30.3%) corresponded to known genes, 4,165 (44.8%) to dbESTs, and 2,233 (24.3%) to novel ESTs. The gene expression profiles reflected well the functional characteristics of the three levels in the hypothalamus-pituitary-adrenal axis, because most of the 20 genes with highest expression showed statistical difference in terms of tissue distribution, including a group of tissue-specific functional markers. Meanwhile, some findings were made with regard to the physiology of the axis, and 200 full-length cDNAs of novel genes were cloned and sequenced. All of these data may contribute to the understanding of the neuroendocrine regulation of human life.
Economies of scale and implementation efficiencies of fully integrated environmental programs in view of fiscal uncertainties: A case for consolidation of environmental services at federal installations (1999)

Abstract In spite of an extraordinary administrative burden, most environmental support services at military and other federal installations tend to be split among various contractors along functional lines. This portioning of services introduces many inefficiencies and fails to take advantage of potential economies of scale. Inefficiencies can be worsened dramatically when funding uncertainties are introduced. Consolidation of all environmental services at a federal facility, including environmental operations and maintenance, under a single contract facilitates a phenomenon of organizational integration. With management attention, integration can be nurtured and maximized, substantially reducing program costs while dramatically improving quality and responsiveness. The natural world is replete with examples from which we may learn to be better managers. Uncertainties in program funding create essentially the same challenges to business managers as uncertainties in the supply of food and nutrients present to natural populations. By viewing temporal trends in programfunding in the same way that nature views trends in resource supply we may better understand how the introduction of funding uncertainties impacts the evolution of the optimal team size and skill mix. And we may also evaluate how a fully integrated environmental program can work to offset the deleterious effects of unpredictable program funding.
Intraoperative Imaging of the Brain (1996)

The development of computed imaging techniques has revolutionized contemporary neurosurgical procedures. In a 20-year interval, intraoperative imaging was used in more than 4,000 patients at our center. The selection of the appropriate intraoperative imaging tool was dependent on the neurosurgical procedure performed. In our dedicated operating room suite, intraoperative fluoroscopic imaging was used during transsphenoidal, spinal, and functional procedures, e.g. to treat percutaneous trigeminal neuralgia. A dedicated intraoperative computed tomography scanner was first available in 1981 and was used in more than 1,500 stereotactic or image-guided procedures. During radiosurgical procedures with the Gamma Knife (n = 1,560) a variety of intraoperative imaging tools (MRI, CT, angiography, and digital subtraction angiography) were used to define the target. The output of these imaging tools is currently transferred via fiberoptic ethernet to a wide variety of computer workstations designed to facilitate surgical or radiation dose planning. In addition, intraoperative imaging became increasingly important during vascular neurosurgery. Because of its superior patient accessibility and instrument compatibility. CT is likely to remain the most important imaging tool for conventional intraoperative image-guided stereotactic surgery. In contrast, intraoperative MRI proved to be the superior imaging tool for radiosurgery.
Detection of Distress Beacons to Change in 2009 (2008)

The Cospas-Sarsat System from the National Search and Rescue Coordination Centre is operated by the Australian Maritime Safety Authority and involves the activation of one of three types of distress beacons to alert search and rescue authorities via orbiting satellites to a distress situation. From February 2009 the beacon undergoes a change where the owners have to start replacing their 121.5/243 MHz beacons with the 406 MHz beacons.
<scp>HLA</scp>‐<scp>DQ</scp> association and allele competition in Chinese narcolepsy (2012)

In Japanese, Koreans and Caucasians, narcolepsy/hypocretin deficiency is tightly associated with the DRB1*15:01-DQA1*01:02-DQB1*06:02 haplotype. Studies in African-Americans suggest a primary effect of DQB1*06:02, but this observation has been difficult to confirm in other populations because of high linkage disequilibrium between DRB1*15:01/3 and DQB1*06:02 in most populations. In this study, we studied human leucocyte antigen (HLA) class II in 202 Chinese narcolepsy patients (11% from South China) and found all patients to be DQB1*06:02 positive. Comparing cases with 103 unselected controls, and 110 and 79 controls selected for the presence of DQB1*06:02 and DRB1*15:01, we found that the presence of DQB1*06:02 and not DRB1*15:01 was associated with narcolepsy. In particular, Southern Chinese haplotypes such as the DRB1*15:01-DQA1*01:02-DQB1*06:01 and DRB1*15:01-DQA1*01:02-DQB1*05 were not associated with narcolepsy. As reported in Japanese, Koreans, African-Americans and Caucasians, additional protective effects of DQA1*01 (non-DQA1*01:02) and susceptibility effects of DQB1*03:01 were observed. These results illustrate the extraordinary conservation of HLA class II effects in narcolepsy across populations and show that DRB1*15:01 has no effect on narcolepsy susceptibility in the absence of DQB1*06:02. The results are also in line with a previously proposed 'HLA-DQ allelic competition model' that involves competition between non-DQA1*01:02, non-DQB1*06:02 'competent' (able to dimerize together) DQ1 alleles and the major DQα*01:02/ DQβ*06:02 narcolepsy heterodimer to reduce susceptibility.
Auditory Spatial Acuity Approximates the Resolving Power of Space-Specific Neurons (2007)

The relationship between neuronal acuity and behavioral performance was assessed in the barn owl (Tyto alba), a nocturnal raptor renowned for its ability to localize sounds and for the topographic representation of auditory space found in the midbrain. We measured discrimination of sound-source separation using a newly developed procedure involving the habituation and recovery of the pupillary dilation response. The smallest discriminable change of source location was found to be about two times finer in azimuth than in elevation. Recordings from neurons in its midbrain space map revealed that their spatial tuning, like the spatial discrimination behavior, was also better in azimuth than in elevation by a factor of about two. Because the PDR behavioral assay is mediated by the same circuitry whether discrimination is assessed in azimuth or in elevation, this difference in vertical and horizontal acuity is likely to reflect a true difference in sensory resolution, without additional confounding effects of differences in motor performance in the two dimensions. Our results, therefore, are consistent with the hypothesis that the acuity of the midbrain space map determines auditory spatial discrimination.
Synthesis of Carbohydrates in a Continuous Flow Reactor by Immobilized Phosphatase and Aldolase (2012)

Herein, we report a new flow process with immobilized enzymes to synthesize complex chiral carbohydrate analogues from achiral inexpensive building blocks in a three-step cascade reaction. The first reactor contained immobilized acid phosphatase, which phosphorylated dihydroxyacetone to dihydroxyacetone phosphate using pyrophosphate as the phosphate donor. The second flow reactor contained fructose-1,6-diphosphate aldolase (RAMA, rabbit muscle aldolase) or rhamnulose-1-phosphate aldolase (RhuA from Thermotoga maritima) and acid phosphatase. The immobilized aldolases coupled the formed dihydroxyacetone phosphate to aldehydes, resulting in phosphorylated carbohydrates. A final reactor containing acid phosphatase that dephosphorylated the phosphorylated product yielded the final product. Different aldehydes were used to synthesize carbohydrates on a gram scale. To demonstrate the feasibility of the flow systems, we synthesized 0.6 g of the D-fagomine precursor. By using immobilized aldolase RhuA we were also able to obtain other stereoisomers of the D-fagomine precursor.
Regulation of mTOR by Mechanically Induced Signaling Events in Skeletal Muscle (2006)

Mechanical stimuli play a major role in the regulation of skeletal muscle mass, and the maintenance of muscle mass contributes significantly to disease prevention and the quality of life. Although a link between mechanical stimuli and the regulation of muscle mass has been recognized for decades, the mechanisms involved in converting mechanical information into the molecular events that control this process have not been defined. Nevertheless, significant advancements are being made in this field, and it has recently been established that signaling through a rapamycin-sensitive pathway is necessary for mechanically induced growth of skeletal muscle. Since rapamycin is a highly specific inhibitor of a protein kinase called the mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR), many investigators have concluded that mTOR signaling is necessary for the mechanically induced growth of skeletal muscle. In this review, we have summarized the current knowledge regarding how mechanical stimuli activate mTOR signaling, discussed the newly discovered role of phospholipase D (PLD) and phosphatidic acid (PA) in this pathway, and considered the potential roles of PLD and PA in the mechanical regulation of skeletal muscle mass.
Heterogeneous Services and Architectures for Next-Generation Wireless Networks (2005)

Even though it is named as the successor of the previous cellular generations, the fourth generation of wireless mobile communication systems (4G) is predominantly presented as a convergence platform that provides clear advantages in terms of coverage, bandwidth, energy consumption and a variety of heterogeneous services, ranging from pop-up advertisements to location-based and interactive or on-demand ones (so called IP datacasting). Based on the above vision of 4G, in this paper we propose innovative services and architectures that may achieve enhanced security, energy efficiency, and just-for-you and just-in-time content delivery. Furthermore, since the state-of-the-art technologies do not appropriately cover the needs required for 4G, a context sensitive service discovery that can operate in a wireless as well as in a wired network environment, ranging from local to global distances, is described and applied to the case of the proposed services.