gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Connected vehicle assessment. Vehicle electrification and the smart grid : the supporting role of safety and mobility services. (2012)

Electric Vehicles are the only type of cars that get “cleaner” over time, as electrical power generation begins to convert slowly over time to lower-polluting energy sources. Hybrids, plug-in hybrids, and battery electrics are conservatively estimated to reach a five percent national car park by 2030. Drastic increases in the price of gasoline resulting from oil shocks or major shifts in national energy and environmental policy, however, may push Electric Vehicles (EV) quickly beyond this small share. Should such critical changes occur, EVs will be poised to move beyond their current niche to gain wider scale acceptance and integration into transportation and energy infrastructure.\n Currently a number of automobile manufacturers are considering use of higher cost composite materials and other strategies to reduce the weight and improve the mobility range and performance of EVs.\n At the behest of consumers and freight and transit fleet operators, automobile manufacturers have to date designed, manufactured, and marketed EVs primarily as an urban mobility solution.\n Crash avoidance applications, designed to reduce vehicle-vehicle crashes such as forward collision warning and blind spot detection, would likely greatly benefit unconventional vehicle categories.\nVehicle-to-Vehicle cooperative crash avoidance systems, such as one that utilizes vehicle Dedicated Short Range Communications (DSRC) technology, is a potential future solution to reduce the safety impact of differences in vehicle size and structural compatibility. The benefits of widespread deployment of DSRC for Vehicle-to-Vehicle cooperative safety may spillover into the development of Vehicle-to-Infrastructure (V2I) applications.\n
Activation of Molecular Oxygen during the Reactions of Chromium(VI/V/IV) with Biological Reductants:  Implications for Chromium-Induced Genotoxicities<sup>1</sup> (1998)

The first systematic study on the roles of O2 in the reactions of Cr(VI/V/IV) with major intracellular reductants, cysteine (1), glutathione (2), and ascorbic acid (3) as well as with vitamin E analogue Trolox (4), has been performed. The reactions of 1−3 with Cr(VI) (aqueous buffer solutions, pH = 4.5−7.5, 25 °C) led to a slow O2 consumption (measured by a Clark oxygen electrode). The reactions of 1−3 with the relatively stable Cr(V) and Cr(IV) 2-ethyl-2-hydroxybutanoato complexes under the same conditions were accompanied by fast O2 consumption. The O2 consumption during the reactions of Cr(VI/V/IV) with 1−3 did not lead to a significant accumulation of H2O2 (determined with catalase). No significant O2 consumption was detected for the reactions of Cr(VI/V/IV) with 4. To reveal the mechanisms of O2 activation, the kinetics of the Cr(V/IV) reactions with 1−4 at pH 4.5 and 7.5 were studied by stopped-flow UV−visible spectrophotometry; and the kinetic data were processed by the global analysis method. The stoichiometries and products of these reactions were studied by UV−visible, CD, and EPR spectroscopies. The proposed mechanism of O2 activation includes oxidations of 1−4 by Cr(V/IV) to produce organic radical intermediates, which then react with O2 in chain processes. No evidence was found for the direct activation of O2 by the Cr compounds. Implications of the proposed mechanism to the DNA damage induced by the Cr(VI) + reductant + O2 systems have been discussed.
Single Giant Unilamellar Vesicle Method Reveals Effect of Antimicrobial Peptide Magainin 2 on Membrane Permeability (2005)

It is thought that magainin 2, an antimicrobial peptide, acts by binding to lipid membranes. Recent studies using a suspension of large unilamellar vesicles (LUVs) indicate that magainin 2 causes gradual leakage from LUVs containing negatively charged lipids. However, the details of the characteristics of the membrane permeability and the mechanism of pore formation remain unclear. In this report, we investigated the interaction of magainin 2 with single giant unilamellar vesicles (GUVs) composed of a dioleoylphosphatidylcholine and dioleoylphosphatidylglycerol mixture (50% DOPG/50% DOPC GUVs) containing the fluorescent dye, calcein, by phase contrast, fluorescence microscopy using the single GUV method. Low concentrations (3-10 microM) of magainin 2 caused the rapid leakage of calcein from single GUVs but did not disrupt the liposomes or change the membrane structure, showing directly that magainin 2 forms membrane pores through which calcein leaked. The rapid leakage of calcein from a GUV started stochastically, and once it began, the complete leakage occurred rapidly (6-60 s). The fraction of completely leaked GUV, P(L), increased with time and also with an increase in magainin 2 concentration. Shape changes in these GUVs occurred prior to the pore formation and also at lower concentrations of magainin 2, which could not induce the pore formation. Their analysis indicates that binding of magainin 2 to the external monolayer of the GUV increases its membrane area, thereby raising its surface pressure. The addition of lysophosphatidylcholine into the external monolayer of GUVs increased P(L). On the basis of these results, we propose the two-state transition model for the pore formation.
New technologies for hemorrhage control (1997)

Because inability to control hemorrhage is the leading cause of early death in trauma patients, rapid control of hemorrhage is a cornerstone of effective trauma care. Unfortunately, the basic hemorrhage control methods currently used in modern trauma surgery have not changed for centuries (ie, tourniquets, gauze dressings, clamps, and silk ligatures). Recently developed techniques, drugs, and devices, including dry fibrin sealants, may improve hemorrhage control and save lives. Life-saving hemorrhage control will always require quick, skillful decisions, and with correct application of these new technologies, potential for rapid and definitive hemorrhage control will be improved
Quantum-tailored solid-state devices (1988)

Techniques that allow semiconductor crystals to be grown on one layer at a time are described, and the potential they offer for tailoring device characteristics precisely by controlling the band gap is discussed. Three tools used to accomplish this are examined: alloying, which changes a semiconductor's chemical composition; the juxtaposition of heterogeneous materials to form heterojunctions; and the introduction of mechanical strain between crystal layers. Band-gap engineering of optical devices is given particular attention.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
A Novel Thiophene-Fused Ending Group Enabling an Excellent Small Molecule Acceptor for High-Performance Fullerene-Free Polymer Solar Cells with 11.8% Efficiency (2017)

In this article, we designed and synthesized a novel small molecule acceptor of ITCPTC with thiophene-fused ending group by employing a new active methylene precursor of CPTCN. The ITCPTC-based polymer solar cells with PBT1-EH as a donor achieved very high power conversion efficiencies (PCEs) of up to 11.8% with a remarkably enhanced fill factor (FF) of 0.751, a near 20% boost in PCE with respect to the ITIC-based control device. These values are among the highest PCEs and FFs for polymer solar cells (PSCs). In the whole study, we made contrasts with ITIC to understand the reasons of excellent performance of ITCPTC-based PSCs through various measurements, such as GIXD and RSoXS. We revealed that the simple modification of ITIC into ITCPTC not only change the material electronic structure, but also mediates the material interactions and crystallization, which contribute together to the excellent performance of ITCPTC-based PSCs.
Evidence for a second isoform of the catalytic subunit of cAMP-dependent protein kinase. (1986)

We have used a previously characterized mouse cDNA clone for the catalytic (C) subunit of cAMP-dependent protein kinase (Uhler, M. D., Carmichael, D. F., Lee, D. C., Chrivia, J. C., Krebs, E. G., and McKnight, G. S. (1986) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. 83, 1300-1304), which we designate C alpha, to isolate cDNA clones coding for a second isoform of the C subunit, C beta. C alpha cDNA clones hybridize to a 2.4-kilobase mRNA on Northern blots whereas C beta cDNA clones detect a 4.3-kilobase mRNA. Nucleotide sequence comparison between C alpha and C beta cDNA clones shows that the C beta cDNA codes for a protein which shows 91% identity with C alpha. Determination of mRNA levels for C beta in various tissues shows that it is most highly expressed in brain although it is detectable in all tissues examined. The presence of two genes coding for the C subunit of cAMP-dependent protein kinase may explain past reports of heterogeneity in C subunit protein preparations.
Detecting Traversable Area and Water Hazards for the Visually Impaired with a pRGB-D Sensor (2017)

The use of RGB-Depth (RGB-D) sensors for assisting visually impaired people (VIP) has been widely reported as they offer portability, function-diversity and cost-effectiveness. However, polarization cues to assist traversability awareness without precautions against stepping into water areas are weak. In this paper, a polarized RGB-Depth (pRGB-D) framework is proposed to detect traversable area and water hazards simultaneously with polarization-color-depth-attitude information to enhance safety during navigation. The approach has been tested on a pRGB-D dataset, which is built for tuning parameters and evaluating the performance. Moreover, the approach has been integrated into a wearable prototype which generates a stereo sound feedback to guide visually impaired people (VIP) follow the prioritized direction to avoid obstacles and water hazards. Furthermore, a preliminary study with ten blindfolded participants suggests its effectivity and reliability.
Urodynamic Evaluation of Changes in Urinary Control After Radical Retropubic Prostatectomy (1997)

After radical prostatectomy significant changes in bladder and sphincter measurements are noted. Urethral closure pressure, functional urethral length and bladder stability are significant urodynamic factors that influence continence after radical prostatectomy.
Oral actinomycosis in Crohn’s disease patient: a case report (2021)

Patients with Crohn’s disease may present with lesions in their oral cavity. Oral lesions may be associated with the disease itself representing an extraintestinal manifestation, with nutritional deficiencies or with complications from therapy including infections. Actinomycosis is a slowly progressive bacterial infection caused by Actinomyces spp., anaerobic Gram-positive bacteria. These organisms are normal inhabitants of mucous membranes, especially of the oropharynx, and cause opportunistic infections. We report a case of a 30-year-old male with Crohn’s disease presenting with painful oral aphthous ulcers and swelling of the upper lip. A diagnosis of oral actinomycosis was confirmed by histopathological examination. The patient was treated with infliximab and a regimen of amoxicillin 1 g three times a day. He had a marked response to the treatment after 2 weeks. The plan was to continue amoxicillin for at least 6 months with regular follow-up. Physicians should be aware that actinomycosis may be a cause of oral lesions in Crohn’s disease patient, particularly in immunosuppressed patient. Bacterial cultures and pathology are the cornerstones of diagnosis and should be performed in suspected cases to prevent misdiagnosis.
Enhancing Water Oxidation Catalysis on a Synergistic Phosphorylated NiFe Hydroxide by Adjusting Catalyst Wettability (2017)

Surface wettability is very important for designing and developing heterogeneous electrocatalysts that can be applied in an aqueous environment. Here, by adjusting the surface wettability of the catalyst using a facile two-step strategy, a porous nanosheet electrocatalyst composed of NiFe hydroxide and NiFe phosphate (denoted as NiFe/NiFe:Pi), has been designed and developed. The two-step strategy not only allows us to successfully control the morphology but also provides an approach to modify the surface chemical property of a catalyst. After phosphorylation, the surface wettability of the NiFe/NiFe:Pi catalyst is significantly enhanced (contact angle 44 ± 3°) in comparison to that of NiFe hydroxide electrode without phosphorylation (contact angle 129 ± 5°). Serving as an oxygen evolution catalyst in 1 M KOH aqueous solution, the NiFe/NiFe:Pi electrode yields strong synergistic oxygen evolution activity to deliver a current density of 10 mA cm–2 with an overpotential merely of 290 mV. The catalyst also exhibits extraordinary high current densities of 300 mA cm–2 at an extremely low overpotential of 340 mV, which is among the best Ni-based OER electrocatalysts to date. The well-maintained open porous nanosheet structure, enhanced surface wettability, and increased charge transfer rate at the NiFe/NiFe:Pi catalyst, together with effective mass transport and enlarged catalytic active sites offered by the hierarchical porous structure, contribute to the extraordinary water oxidation performance.
<title>Method of compressing hyperspectral images and detecting spectral anomalies</title> (2002)

We present a method of image description based on sequential approximation. The spectrum of each pixel is represented as a sum of generalized reference spectra. At designing a new reference spectra the undescribed spectra components are modified using a predefined group of transformation in order to put them closer to each other. The reference spectrum is defined as a mean of modified spectra of pixels. The spectra poorly approximating by this scheme are assumed to be anomalous in respect to their surroundings. The pixels are eliminating from the process of reference spectrum's designing when the given accuracy of their spectrum's description is reached. We can interrupt the image coding at any time and translate the abnormal pixels distortionless, whereas the normal pixels would be described with predefined accuracy. If the main task is to detect and classify pixels with abnormal spectra, the 'normal' pixels can be translated roughly or ignored. This way we can compress the image without loss of information important for application.
Activation of Orbital and Medial Prefrontal Cortex by Methylphenidate in Cocaine-Addicted Subjects But Not in Controls: Relevance to Addiction (2005)

Drugs of abuse are rewarding to addicted and nonaddicted subjects, but they trigger craving and compulsive intake only in addicted subjects. Here, we used positron emission tomography (PET) and [18F] deoxyglucose to compare the brain metabolic responses (marker of brain function) of cocaine-addicted subjects (n = 21) and controls (n = 15) to identify brain regions that are uniquely activated in addicted subjects by intravenous methylphenidate (a drug that cocaine-addicted subjects report to be similar to cocaine). In parallel, we also measured the changes in dopamine (DA) induced by intravenous methylphenidate (using PET and [11C] raclopride) in the striatum and in the thalamus. Metabolic responses between groups differed significantly only in the right medial orbital prefrontal cortex [Brodmann's area (BA) 25 and medial BA 11], where methylphenidate increased metabolism in addicted subjects but decreased metabolism in controls. These changes were associated in all subjects with increased "desire for methylphenidate" and in the addicted subjects with "cocaine craving." In addicted subjects, increases in BA 25 were also associated with mood elevation. Methylphenidate-induced increases in metabolism in the medial orbital prefrontal cortex were associated with its increase of DA in the thalamus but not in the striatum. These findings provide evidence that enhanced sensitivity of BA 25 (region involved with emotional reactivity) and BA 11 (region involved with salience attribution and motivation) in cocaine-addicted subjects may underlie the strong emotional response to the drug and the intense desire to procure it that results in craving and compulsive drug intake. It also suggests that the mesothalamic DA pathway may contribute to these processes.
PET Imaging of Very Late Antigen-4 in Melanoma: Comparison of<sup>68</sup>Ga- and<sup>64</sup>Cu-Labeled NODAGA and CB-TE1A1P-LLP2A Conjugates (2014)

These data demonstrate that (64)Cu-labeled CB-TE1A1P/NODAGA LLP2A conjugates and (68)Ga-labeled NODAGA-LLP2A are excellent imaging agents for melanoma and potentially other VLA-4-positive tumors. (64)Cu-CB-TE1A1P-PEG4-LLP2A had the most optimal tumor-to-nontarget tissue ratios for translation into humans as a PET imaging agent for melanoma.
7E-2 A De-Coupled Stacked Bulk Acoustic Resonator (DSBAR) Filter With 2 dB Bandwidth > 4% (2007)

Coupled resonator filters extend the use of classical FBAR/BAW filters by enabling them to convert single-ended signals into differential signals while using a much smaller wafer real estate. In lieu of the traditional multi-layer de-coupling structure we introduce a novel technique in which only a single thin polymer layer with appropriate acoustic impedance is used. In the de-coupled stacked bulk acoustic resonator design (DSBAR) we demonstrate a 0.4 x 0.5 mm single-ended filter operating at 2.45 GHz with a bandwidth at the 2 dB points of greater than 4%, in-band return loss of less than -10 dB and excellent out-of-band rejection. Cross-wafer variation and the temperature response of these filters are shown.
A multi band injection lock frequency divider by 3 for wireless communication applications (2017)

This letter proposed a triple-band divide-by-3 injection locked frequency divider (ILFD) fabricated in a 0.18-μm CMOS process. The circuit has two parallel LC-tank. The triple-band function is controlled by switching variables V <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">tune</sub> and V <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">sw</sub> . With the different values of V <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">tune</sub> and V <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">sw</sub> , varactors will also change capacitance, then change the center frequency. At the supply voltage of 1.2 V, the freerunning frequency is 2.785, 3.105 and 3.581 GHz respectively. The current and power consumption of the divider without buffers is 7.26, 6.92, 7.15 mA and 8.71, 8.31, 8.58 mW respectively. At the incident power of 0 dBm, the locking range is 4.35 GHz (44.96%), from the incident frequency 7.5 to 11.85 GHz for wireless communication applications.
An Introduction to Conditional Random Fields (2012)

An Introduction to Conditional Random Fields provides a comprehensive tutorial aimed at application-oriented practitioners seeking to apply CRFs. The monograph does not assume previous knowledge of graphical modeling, and so is intended to be useful to practitioners in a wide variety of fields.
Self-organization of behavioral primitives as multiple attractor dynamics: A robot experiment (2003)

This paper investigates how behavior primitives are self-organized in a neural network model utilizing a distributed representation scheme. The model is characterized by so-called parametric biases which adaptively modulate the encoding of different behavior patterns in a single recurrent neural net (RNN). Our experiments, using a real robot arm, showed that a set of end-point and oscillatory behavior patterns are learned by self-organizing fixed points and limit cycle dynamics that form behavior primitives. It was also found that diverse novel behavior patterns can be generated by modulating the parametric biases arbitrarily. Our analysis showed that such diversity in behavior generation emerges because a nonlinear map is self-organized between the space of parametric biases and that of the behavior patterns. The origin of the observed nonlinearity from the distributed representation is discussed. This paper investigates how behavior primitives are self-organized in a neural network model utilizing a distributed representation scheme. Our robot experiments showed that a set of end-point and oscillatory behavior patterns are learned by self-organizing fixed points and limit cycle dynamics that form behavior primitives. It was also found that diverse novel behavior patterns, in addition to previously learned patterns, can be generated by taking advantage of nonlinear effects that emerge from the distributed representation.
Optoacoustic sources of sound (1981)

Laser generation of acoustic and shock waves in condensed media (liquids) is considered. It is shown that, depending on the volume density of the optical energy evolved in a liquid, the process of generation is mainly due to thermal expansion, surface evaporation, explosive boiling, or optical breakdown of the liquid. It is shown that liquids can be used as optoacoustic sources of sound. These have a number of advantages over the traditional acoustic radiators: remote action; absence of direct (in the traditional sense) contact between the body of a source and the medium which receives sound; ability to vary easily the geometric dimensions of an optoacoustic source and the frequency range; feasibility of constructing sound sources moving in a medium at an arbitrary subsonic, sonic, or supersonic velocity with complete elimination of flow of a medium around the body of a radiator. Optical generation of sound is in practice possible throughout the frequency range from infrasound to hypersound.
Role of liver extracellular matrix in transcriptional and post-transcriptional regulation of apolipoprotein A-I by hepatocytes. (1996)

Apolipoprotein A-I, a protein produced mainly by hepatocytes, is of major importance in prevention of atherosclerosis. Its serum level varies according to the degree of liver fibrosis and the mechanism of this regulation is unknown. The aim of this study was to investigate the role of extracellular matrix in the regulation of apolipoprotein A-I by the liver. Primary mouse hepatocytes were cultured on different extracellular matrix components. The apolipoprotein A-I mRNA level was quantified in these different culture conditions by a sensitive quantitative RT-PCR procedure and compared according to the extracellular matrix component used as substrate. A significant decrease in the apolipoprotein A-I mRNA level was observed when cells were plated on fibronectin by comparison with cells cultured on all other components. Potential binding of apolipoprotein A-I to the different matrix components was also studied in vitro. We demonstrated that apolipoprotein A-I significantly bound to fibronectin in a concentration-dependent, saturable and specific manner. Thus, fibronectin, a major liver extracellular matrix component, can interact with apolipoprotein A-I both by downregulating its mRNA level in liver cells and by binding this molecule after its secretion in the extracellular space. Since fibronectin is the first matrix component to be produced in excess and deposited in liver fibrosis, it could be involved in the decrease in serum apolipoprotein A-I in alcoholic patients with liver fibrosis and cirrhosis.
Aux origines de l’architecture obeidienne : les plans de type Samarra (1983)

A partir de constructions mesopotamiennes: Hamrin, Tell Madhhur, Tell Songor, Kheit Qasim, Tell Abada, etc. Superficie au sol, association des pieces, ouvertures, contour, elevation, presence de contreforts sur les murs exterieurs, format des briques. Problemes de chronologie et de filiation. Approche fonctionnelle.