gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Part-of-Speech Tagging with Bidirectional Long Short-Term Memory Recurrent Neural Network (2015)

Bidirectional Long Short-Term Memory Recurrent Neural Network (BLSTM-RNN) has been shown to be very effective for tagging sequential data, e.g. speech utterances or handwritten documents. While word embedding has been demoed as a powerful representation for characterizing the statistical properties of natural language. In this study, we propose to use BLSTM-RNN with word embedding for part-of-speech (POS) tagging task. When tested on Penn Treebank WSJ test set, a state-of-the-art performance of 97.40 tagging accuracy is achieved. Without using morphological features, this approach can also achieve a good performance comparable with the Stanford POS tagger.
Direct Trocar Versus Veress Needle Entry for Laparoscopy: A Randomized Clinical Trial (2010)

None of the procedures currently used to achieve access to the abdomen in laparoscopic surgery is totally efficacious or free of complications. Accordingly, several approaches and techniques have been investigated. Two such methods are the standard technique of insufflation by insertion of the Veress needle (VN) and direct trocar (DT) entry without prior pneumoperitoneum. Several studies have suggested that DT entry is a safe alternative to VN entry, but few were prospective and only 3 were randomized. Although DT is faster than any other method of entry, it is the least performed laparoscopic technique. Complications of laparoscopic surgery appear to be primarily entry-related and independent of surgical complexity. Several studies have suggested that the initial trocar insertion is the most dangerous step in minimally invasive surgery. The aim of this randomized clinical trial was to compare DT to VN entry for the creation of pneumoperitoneum at laparoscopy with respect to the duration of the procedure, volume of gas used, ease of performance, and frequency of complications. A total of 1000 patients scheduled to undergo diagnostic laparoscopy were randomly assigned to receive DT (group A, n = 500) or VN (group B, n = 500) entry for pneumoperitoneum. The same surgeon performed the laparoscopic procedures. There was no difference between the groups in demographic characteristics. The mean duration of the procedure was significantly shorter in the DT group (2.2 ± 0.7 minute, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 2.14–2.26) compared to the VN group (8.2 ± 1.4 minute, 95% CI: 8.08–8.32; P < 0.0001). Similarly, the amount of gas consumed was significantly lower in the DT group (2.6 ± 0.9 L, 95% CI: 2.52–2.68) than in the VN group (8.4 ± 2.6 L, 95% CI: 8.17–8.63; P < 0.0001). There were no major complications in either group. Compared to the patients in the DT group, those in the VN group had a significantly higher rate of minor intraoperative complications (VN: 14%, 95% CI: 10.96–17.4 vs. DT: 0.4%, 95% CI: 0.15–0.95; P < 0.0001).
Development of potent gastrin-releasing peptide antagonists having a D-Pro-psi(CH2NH)-Phe-NH2 C terminus. (1993)

Gastrin-releasing peptide (GRP) is a 27-amino acid neuroendocrine hormone that may play a role in the pathophysiology of small cell lung carcinoma. GRP and bombesin, a structurally related peptide, stimulate the growth of some cultured cell types. C-terminal GRP peptide analogs were developed that inhibited 6 nM bombesin-induced [3H]thymidine incorporation into quiescent murine Swiss 3T3 cells, which routinely produced a 6-fold stimulation over the basal extent of incorporation. The peptides were also analyzed for their capacity to inhibit the binding of 50 pM 125I-labeled GRP to Swiss 3T3 cells. The combination of two chemical modifications, each antagonistic in itself, led to the creation of antagonists with orders of magnitude greater potency than either modification alone. (i) Antagonist analogs of the form -Leu26-psi(CH2NH)-Xaa27-NH2 [where Xaa is Leu, norleucine (Nle), or Phe; residues numbered after GRP], similar to those introduced by Coy and coworkers [for review, see Jensen, R. T. & Coy, D. H. (1991) Trends Pharmacol. Sci. 12, 13-19], were found to have nanomolar potencies. (ii) We found that an octapeptide C-terminal GRP analog having D-Pro adjacent to the C-terminal amino acid amide was antagonistic, with a potency of 40 nM. By combining both modifications, specific analogs were found with potencies > 1000-fold greater than our lead structure--[(4'-hydroxy)-3-phenylpropanoyl]-Pro-Arg-Gly-Asn-His-Tr p-Ala-Val - Gly-His-Leu-psi(CH2NH)-Nle-NH2--and greater than any antagonist previously reported. The analogs [(4'-hydroxy)-3-phenylpropanoyl]-His-Trp-Ala-Val-D-Ala-His-D-Pro- psi(CH2NH)-Phe-NH2 and 1-naphthoyl-His-Trp-Ala-Val-D-Ala-His-D-Pro-psi(CH2NH)-Phe-NH2 antagonized [3H]thymidine incorporation with IC50 values of approximately 0.3 nM and inhibited the binding of 125I-labeled GRP with IC50 values of approximately 1 pM. These peptides may be of use in the study of the physiology of GRP.
Lambdoid Phage Head Assembly (1983)

… the order and size of all the planets and spheres and heaven itself are so linked together that in no portion of it can anything be shifted without disrupting the remaining parts and the universe as a whole . Copernicus: De Revolutionibus INTRODUCTION In bacteriophage morphogenesis, macromolecules are assembled into complex, elegant structures. The architecture of the finished virion is determined both by the characteristics of the structural proteins themselves and by the influence of other viral and host proteins that participate transiently in the assembly process. The interactions among these components can be dissected by physical and chemical analysis of purified viral proteins, assembly intermediates, and completed virus particles, as well as through genetic studies. Bacteriophage λ morphogenesis is a model for macromolecular assembly in general, because the virion is a relatively simple, well-defined structure that consists of a limited number of components and because the λ -Escherichia coli system is well understood and easily manipulated. An additional positive feature is the existence of related lambdoid phages (including Salmonella phage P22), whose morphogenetic pathways can be compared with that of λ to help derive information about evolutionarily conserved and variable elements in morphogenesis. Much progress has been made since Kellenberger and Edgar (1971) discussed λ assembly in The Bacteriophage Lambda. We now know that the steps in bacteriophage λ head morphogenesis generally proceed in an obligate order, so that phage-coded proteins (with the help of the bacterial groEL - and groES -gene products) assemble into small aggregates, form large precursor structures called...
New Phosphine‐Functionalized N‐Heterocyclic Carbene Ligands for Palladium‐Catalyzed Hydroarylation Reaction. (2006)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
A formulation of nonlinear limit cycle oscillation problems in aircraft flutter (1993)

Thesis (M.S.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Aeronautics and Astronautics, 1993.
EphA4 Activation of c-Abl Mediates Synaptic Loss and LTP Blockade Caused by Amyloid-β Oligomers (2014)

The early stages of Alzheimer's disease are characterised by impaired synaptic plasticity and synapse loss. Here, we show that amyloid-β oligomers (AβOs) activate the c-Abl kinase in dendritic spines of cultured hippocampal neurons and that c-Abl kinase activity is required for AβOs-induced synaptic loss. We also show that the EphA4 receptor tyrosine kinase is upstream of c-Abl activation by AβOs. EphA4 tyrosine phosphorylation (activation) is increased in cultured neurons and synaptoneurosomes exposed to AβOs, and in Alzheimer-transgenic mice brain. We do not detect c-Abl activation in EphA4-knockout neurons exposed to AβOs. More interestingly, we demonstrate EphA4/c-Abl activation is a key-signalling event that mediates the synaptic damage induced by AβOs. According to this results, the EphA4 antagonistic peptide KYL and c-Abl inhibitor STI prevented i) dendritic spine reduction, ii) the blocking of LTP induction and iii) neuronal apoptosis caused by AβOs. Moreover, EphA4-/- neurons or sh-EphA4-transfected neurons showed reduced synaptotoxicity by AβOs. Our results are consistent with EphA4 being a novel receptor that mediates synaptic damage induced by AβOs. EphA4/c-Abl signalling could be a relevant pathway involved in the early cognitive decline observed in Alzheimer's disease patients.
Designing and Assessing Multi-tenant Isolation Strategies for Cloud Networks (2019)

Network virtualization is a key enabler for cloud computing and its economic benefits. However, many security challenges arise when mutually untrusted tenants are co-located in the same virtualized network infrastructure. To address such issues, multi-tenant environments commonly employ isolation mechanisms to prevent interferences among different tenants' network behavior. Even though the need for multi-tenant network isolation is widely accepted, and most cloud systems do employ network virtualization technologies to address this need, it is not always clear what exactly is isolated in each approach and, consequently, the level of security obtained in each case. Aiming to address this matter, in this article we describe three complementary strategies for addressing multi-tenant isolation in cloud networks, classified according to the type of tenant network resource being isolated, namely: data paths, software resources and hardware resources. These three strategies are then applied in the evaluation of existing network virtualization architectures, showing that most of them focus only on data path isolation. We then propose a more holistic design, based on the concept of “tenant network domains”, which combines the aforementioned isolation strategies to create a more secure network virtualization architecture.
Clustering Web Pages Based on Structure and Style Similarity (Application Paper) (2016)

We consider cluster analysis task on web pages based on various techniques to group the pages. While grouping the web pages based on the semantic meaning expressed in the content is required for some applications, we focus on clustering based on the web page structure and style for applications like categorization, cleaning, schema detection and automatic extractions. This paper describes some of the applications of similarity measures and a clustering technique to group the web pages into clusters. The structural similarity of HTML pages is measured by using Tree Edit Distance measure on DOM trees. The stylistic similarity is measured by using Jaccard similarity on CSS class names. An aggregated similarity measure is computed by combining structural and stylistic measures. A clustering method is then applied to this aggregated similarity measure to group the documents.
37권6호 영문부록 : 소아에서 Clonidine 직장 전투약의 효과 (1999)

Background : Oral clonidine has been shown to be an effective preanesthetic medication for children. Rectal administration of the premedicant would be as effective as oral administration. This study was designed to investigate the efficacy of rectal clondine as a premedicant in children. Methods : Forty-five children aged 3-6 yr undergoing elective surgery in inguinal region received midazolam 0.5 mg/kg, clonidine 2.5μg/kg, or clonidine 5μg/kg rectally 30 min before induction of anesthesia. The level of sedation, the quality of separation from the parent, and the acceptance of mask application during inhalation of halothane were noted. Anesthesia was maintained with continuous infusion of propofol and N20 66% in oxygen. The hemodynamic changes after tracheal intubation and propofol consumption were compared among the three groups. Side effects were evaluated from the premedication to 12 h after surgery. Results : The sedative effect of clonidine was dose related. The clonidine premedication at dose of 2.5μg/kg did not provide adequate preanesthetic sedation. Similar to midazolam 0.5 mg/kg, clonidine 5μg/kg provided effective preanesthetic sedation and good qualities of separation and acceptance of mask. Compared with midazolam 0.5 mg/kg, clonidine 5μg/kg attenuated the increases in blood pressure and heart rate following tracheal intubation, and decreased the maintenance dose of propofol during anesthesia. Bradycardia developed in 2 and 4 patients of the clonidine 2.5 μg/kg and clonidine 5.0μg/kg groups during surgery, respectively. No clinically significant side effects were observed at the preoperative and postoperative periods. Conclusions : These data indicate that rectal clonidine 5μg/kg would be an effective premedication in children. (Korean J Anesthesiol 1999; 37: S 10∼S 16)
A verification of the evaluation tools for evaluating multi-media co-operative authoring emulation (1990)

For the development of integrated broadband communication (IBC) services, the usability of the system is one of the main factors which contribute to the success of the system. The authors describe the preliminary results of a multi-author multi-media authoring pilot study which was carried out to verify the candidate evaluation tools to ensure that these tools can be used for evaluating the yet-to-be specified candidate usability principles for IBC services. Based on the assumed usability characteristics, evaluation tools (observation, questionnaires, interview, and objective data recording) were developed and tested. It is suggested that several evaluation tools should be used for complementing each other and accomplishing a more complete and accurate evaluation.
High Performance AlGaInN Ultraviolet Light-Emitting Diode at the 340 nm Wavelength (2004)

We report on high output power from the quaternary AlGaInN multiple quantum well (MQW) ultraviolet light emitting diodes (UV LEDs) in the 340 nm wavelength range. The output power up to 1.5 mW from a 100 µm diameter device with bare-chip configuration was measured under room temperature cw operation. The internal quantum efficiency was estimated to be between 7 and 10%. In addition, the output power and external quantum efficiency for fully packaged 1×1 mm2 large area device were as high as 54.6 mW and 1.45%, respectively, at the injection current of 200 A/cm2 under pulsed operation. The devices were incorporated into prototype system for fluorescence based bio-sensing as excitation source.
Development of a Path Generation and Tracking Algorithm for a Korean Auto-guidance Tillage Tractor (2013)

Purpose: Path planning and tracking algorithms applicable to various agricultural operations, such as tillage, planting, and spraying, are needed to generate steering angles for auto-guidance tractors to track a point ahead on the path. An optimal coverage path algorithm can enable a vehicle to effectively travel across a field by following a sequence of parallel paths with fixed spacing. This study proposes a path generation and tracking algorithm for an auto-guided Korean tractor with a tillage implement that generates a path with C-type turns and follows the generated path in a paddy field. A mathematical model was developed to generate a waypoint path for a tractor in a field. This waypoint path generation model was based on minimum tractor turning radius, waypoint intervals and LBOs (Limit of Boundary Offsets). At each location, the steering angle was calculated by comparing the waypoint angle and heading angle of the tractor. A path following program was developed with Labview-CVI to automatically read the waypoints and generate steering angles for the tractor to proceed to the next waypoint. A feasibility test of the developed program for real-time path tracking was performed with a mobile platform traveling on flat ground. The test results showed that the developed algorithm generated the desired path and steering angles with acceptable accuracy.
Oil spill detection sensor using aritificial illumination with blue LEDs (2012)

In this study, a new optical method for oil detection using the analysis of a light-absorption image of separate oil-water mixtures with artificial illumination is described. To obtain information about the presence of oil on water and the thickness of oil, the intensity of light-absorption images acquired through a CCD is analyzed. To select the optimal wavelength of the light source, an experiment is conducted using several LEDs with four different wavelengths. Using a blue LED with 465-nm wavelength, the tendency for intensity decreasing of the light absorption image is clear. Through this research, new optical oil detection methodology is proposed using the absorption difference between water and oil with a light source of specific wavelength and a CCD sensor.
A Machine Learning Imaging Core using Separable FIR-IIR Filters (2020)

We propose fixed-function neural network hardware that is designed to perform pixel-to-pixel image transformations in a highly efficient way. We use a fully trainable, fixed-topology neural network to build a model that can perform a wide variety of image processing tasks. Our model uses compressed skip lines and hybrid FIR-IIR blocks to reduce the latency and hardware footprint. Our proposed Machine Learning Imaging Core, dubbed MagIC, uses a silicon area of ~3mm^2 (in TSMC 16nm), which is orders of magnitude smaller than a comparable pixel-wise dense prediction model. MagIC requires no DDR bandwidth, no SRAM, and practically no external memory. Each MagIC core consumes 56mW (215 mW max power) at 500MHz and achieves an energy-efficient throughput of 23TOPS/W/mm^2. MagIC can be used as a multi-purpose image processing block in an imaging pipeline, approximating compute-heavy image processing applications, such as image deblurring, denoising, and colorization, within the power and silicon area limits of mobile devices.
Smart irrigation: A smart drip irrigation system using cloud, android and data mining (2016)

Water is an essential component for the development of plants in agriculture or irrigation. The paper stresses on the need of an externally hosted cloud computing platform to manage the database, android and the isolated server by the users across the country for irrigation. The system proposed in this paper uses information and communication technologies, allowing the user to consider and examine the information obtained by different sensors. Here we are using different sensors like humidity, temperature, moisture, light etc. These sensors give signal to the micro controller. Micro-controller gives the data to the isolated server through a serial communication. According to sensor values graph will be display on PC and Smart phone side and by using this graph user can on or off drip devices. In this we keep threshold value for each sensor. The data is sent and processed on an isolated server, which stores the information from the sensors in a database, allowing further interpretation of data in a simple and flexible way. The intended system may lead to enhance the farming practices, overcoming the water crises and developing an upgraded agricultural system for the country.
Layered titanium diboride: towards exfoliation and electrochemical applications (2015)

Layered transition metal diborides (TMDB), amongst other refractory metal borides, are commonly employed for material fabrication such as wear- and corrosion-resistant coatings due to their impressive chemical stability and thermal conductivity. In spite of the wide scope of studies carried out on TMDB in the physical field, investigations on its electrochemistry remain limited. Since the physical properties play a vital role in any material's electrochemical behaviour, we explore the viability of the most popular form of titanium boride, layered TiB2, as catalysts for electrochemical energy reactions, including hydrogen evolution and oxygen reduction. Three types of TiB2 were compared in this work - TiB2 separately modified with sodium naphtalenide and butyllithium in an attempt to exfoliate TiB2 and unmodified TiB2. The electrocatalytic activity displayed by all three TiB2 materials provides a wider range of opportunities for the application of TiB2 in material studies.
The Use of Vaccinia Hyperimmune Gammaglobulin in the Prophylaxis of Smallpox (2015)

This paper records an attempt to assess the prophylactic value of immune gamma-globulin, prepared from the serum of recently vaccinated adults, in the protection of close contacts of smallpox in Madras. The results serve to confirm findings of a previous study made in Madras in 1953, and show that the incidence of smallpox in close contacts given immune gamma-globulin prophylactically was about a quarter of that in the control contacts who received no such passive immunization-a statistically significant difference. Because of the limited supply of immune gamma-globulin, it is likely that its prophylactic use will be restricted to those especially at risk, for example, close unvaccinated family contacts, newborn infants and pregnant women.
Efficient image warping and super-resolution (2002)

This paper introduces a new algorithm for enhancing image resolution from an image sequence. The approach we propose herein uses the integrating resampler proposed by M. Chiang and T. Boult (1996) as the underlying resampling algorithm. Moreover, it is a direct method, which is fundamentally different from the iterative, back-projection approaches proposed in previous work. We show that image warping techniques may have a strong impact on the quality of image resolution enhancement. By coupling the degradation model of the imaging system directly into the integrating resampler, we can better approximate the warping characteristics of real sensors, which also highly improve the quality of super-resolution images. Examples of super-resolutions are given for gray-scale images. Evaluations are made by comparing the resulting images and those using bi-linear resampling and back-projection. Results from our experiments show that integrating resampler outperforms traditional bi-linear resampling.
Cation Tracer Diffusion in Cr <sub>2</sub> O <sub>3</sub> and Cr <sub>2</sub> <sub>O</sub> 3‐0.09 wt% Y <sub>2</sub> O <sub>3</sub> (1987)

The cation diffusivities in the lattice and along dislocations and grain boundaries have been measured on sintered polycrysals of Cr 2 O 3 ; and Cr 2 Cr 2 O 3 ‐0.09 wt% Y 2 O 3 at1100°C and at the pO 2 corresponding to that of Cr/Cr 2 O 3 equilibrium at that temperature. Results for lattice and dislocation diffusivities in pure Cr 2 O 3 are in good agreement with previous work. The present results indicate that yttrium additions have negligible effect on lattice and dislocation diffusion. However, grain‐boundary diffusion in pure Cr 2 O 3 is significantly slower than grain‐boundary diffusion in Cr 2 O 3 ‐0.09 wt% Y 2 O 3 . The results are discussed in terms of their implications for the reactive‐element effect in high‐temperature oxidation of chromium‐containing alloys.
Dilatory and Inotropic Effects of Corticotropin-Releasing Factor (CRF) on the Isolated Heart (1992)

The effects of CRF administration on cardiac performance, coronary flow and ANP release were investigated in the rat heart. Isolated hearts were perfused at a constant filling pressure according to working heart model with a Krebs-Henseleit solution containing glucose and insulin, saturated with a gas mixture containing 95% O2 and 5% CO2. Administration of CRF via a cannula into the left atrium elicited a prolonged increase in the coronary flow rate and a transient increase in the aortic pressure resulting in an overall increase in the pressure-volume work. The oxygen consumption, after the administration of CRF, increased in accordance with the cardiac effort. No changes were observed in the spontaneous heart rate. Furthermore, administration of CRF induced a short-term increase of ANP release into the coronary perfusate. Our experiments suggest that administration of CRF produces a prolonged dilatory effect on the coronary arteries while producing a transient positive inotropic effect and a transient increase of ANP release on the isolated rat heart.