gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Shale Oil Assessment for the Songliao Basin, Northeastern China, Using Oil Generation–Sorption Method (2017)

This study was performed in order to evaluate shale oil in the first member of the Qingshankou formation (K2qn1) in the Songliao basin in northeastern China. The evaluation was carried out using immature type I kerogen kinetics in a closed system, two wells drilled into oil prone source rocks, in order to apply Rock-Eval, mineral composition and residual hydrocarbon analysis, and the hydrocarbon sorption method. The “oil windows” for K2qn1 in mudstone and shale wells range from 0.6% to 1.05%, with maximum hydrocarbon generation at around 420 mg of hydrocarbon per gram of total organic carbon. In addition, the brittle mineral contents of K2qn1 conform to the requirements for industrial oilfield development and exploitation. Our results demonstrate that there is clear potential for shale oil exploration in the K2qn1; a highly potential zone is defined as low risk at burial depths of greater than 2065 m for well H14, while well X83 exhibits relatively discrete depth based on oil saturation and production indexes as well as free hydrocarbon content. In contrast to oil saturation index, the generation–sorption method is reasonable to assess free oil in organic-lean rocks. Restricted maturity conditions of free oil are represented by Easy%Ro values of 0.8–0.97% based on three sets of parameters—generation, adsorption, and residual oil—for K2qn1 mudstones and shales in the Songliao basin.
Einfache Lageregelungen für einen schwach gedämpften ventilgesteuerten hydraulischen Antrieb / Simple position controls for a weakly-damped valve-controlled hydraulic actuator (1980)

Article Einfache Lageregelungen für einen schwach gedämpften ventilgesteuerten hydraulischen Antrieb / Simple position controls for a weakly-damped valve-controlled hydraulic actuator was published on December 1, 1980 in the journal at - Automatisierungstechnik (volume 28, issue 1-12).
Online replanning for reactive robot motion: Practical aspects (2010)

We address practical issues to develop reactive motion planning method capable of replanning the path online when the environment changes during the execution. By introducing planning and execution threads running in parallel, the robot can keep moving even during the replanning process as long as the motion is safe. The proposed method can be applied to discontinuous input of environmental changes that may occur due to incomplete perception. We then address a roadmap reuse method for efficient replanning to make use of the increasing knowledge about the environment, by introducing working and learning roadmaps. A general interface with robot motion controller is also defined so that the method can be applied to various types of robots. The proposed method is validated through planning simulations with moving obstacles.
Novel mid-infrared random powder lasers Cr/sup 2+/:ZnS vs. Cr/sup 2+/:ZnSe (2004)

We report the first room-temperature pulsed lasing from the single-crystalline Cr2+:ZnS (around 2.3 mum) and Cr2+ :ZnSe (around 2.4 mum) powders with the threshold pump energy density as low as ~34 mJ/cm2
GHOST proximity correction technique: Its parameters, limitations, and process latitude (1988)

The efficacy of the GHOST proximity correction technique for achieving submicron linewidth control in electron beam lithography has been experimentally evaluated. Using the AT&T electron beam exposure systems, the GHOST parameters (correction dose, defocused beam diameter, and overlay accuracy) required for proximity exposure correction at 20 kV were determined via scanning electron microscopy and electrical linewidth measurement techniques. Optimum proximity correction conditions were established from a matrix of correction doses and correction beam diameters on two different substrates: chromium on glass and aluminum on silicon. On chromium, linewidth control of better than ±0.05 μm was obtained using a 3-μm beam and a correction dose between 30% and 40% of incident, or with a 4-μm beam and a 40% correction dose. Even better proximity correction was achieved on aluminum with a 5-μm defocused beam and a 30% correction dose. In conjunction with the experimental data, a computer model was developed to interpret these results. The model assumes an elliptical profile for the incident GHOST beam rather than a Gaussian. Using this model, the tolerances on correction dose and defocused beam diameter for 0.5-μm lithography on aluminum were determined to be 9% and 1.6 μm, respectively. The third GHOST parameter investigated, overlay accuracy between the incident and GHOST exposures, was also found to be critical. A 0.5-μm overlay error resulted in a 0.05-μm linewidth deviation across a 0.5-μm line and space pattern. Last, it was found that with AZ-2400-17 resist the loss of resist thickness and developer latitude upon GHOSTing will not result in pinholes or degrade process latitude as long as the correction dose is maintained at ≤ 40% of the incident dose, and a dilute developer is employed.
Investigation of sonoluminescence in a high magnetic field (1996)

A detailed study of sonoluminescence has been made in a high magnetic field. The intensity of emitted light depends critically on both magnetic and acoustic fields. In magnetic field sweeps at constant levels of acoustic drive, sonoluminescence disappears above a pressure-dependent threshold magnetic field. In sweeps of acoustic drive levels at fixed magnetic fields, the upper and lower bounds of forcing pressure that determine the region of sonoluminescence increase dramatically with magnetic field. A near-doubling of the forcing pressures is necessary between 0 and 20 T to sustain sonoluminescence. The pressure and magnetic field dependencies of sonoluminescence suggest that the primary effect of the magnetic field is to alter the condition for bubble stability with increasing pressure compensating for the effects of the magnetic field. This interplay between magnetic and acoustic fields reflects the importance of coupling between electronic and hydrodynamic degrees of freedom in sonoluminescence.
ChemInform Abstract: SYNTHESES AND CHIROPTICAL PROPERTIES OF OPTICALLY ACTIVE C1‐METHANOTWISTANE, C2‐DITWISTANE, C1‐HOMOBASKETANE, AND C2‐3,10‐DEHYDRODITWISTANE (1981)

Abstract Cyclohexadien (I) bildet mit Cyclohexenon (II) das Addukt (III), das zu (IV) ketalisiert wird.
Self-interconnection characteristics of hybrid composite with low-melting-point alloy fillers (2012)

A novel hybrid composite with low-melting-point alloy fillers was fabricated and characterized through differential scanning calorimeter analysis and viscosity test. Based on the chemo-rheological properties of the hybrid composite, the hybrid interconnection process was determined. The effect of the reduction capability of hybrid composite on the rheology-coalescence-wetting phenomenon of low-melting-point alloy fillers into the hybrid composite was investigated. The hybrid composite has a low viscosity and did not show excessive curing around the melting point of the used low-melting-point alloy material. The low-viscosity characteristic of hybrid composite and the loading of reductant accelerated rheology-coalescence-wetting phenomenon of low-melting-point alloy fillers in hybrid composite significantly. X-ray image and cross-section view revealed a stable metallurgical interconnection between upper and corresponding lower electrode in hybrid composite with reduction capability. This stable metallurgical interconnection was reflected in much improved mechanical and electrical properties of the hybrid interconnection.
20 Jahre Aluminiumoxidkeramik für die Medizintechnik - Alumina Ceramic Looks Back on 20 Years of Use in Medical Applications (1994)

For the past 20 years, femoral heads have been successfully employed for modular total hip prostheses. To date, some 2 million ceramic femoral heads have been implanted, mainly in Europe, but also in North America and Japan. The majority of these are BIOLOX heads having a diameter of 28 mm and with the so-called European taper 12/14. The most important properties and the arguments in favour of using alumina ceramic for total hip prostheses are outlined, and safety aspects discussed. Some secondary requirements for these systems with ceramic cups or cup inserts, which are now meeting with increased interest, are considered.
Turbulent differentially heated cavity of aspect ratio 5 : direct numerical simulation and regularization modeling (2011)

This work is devoted to the study of turbulent natural convection flows in differentially heated cavities. The adopted configuration corresponds to an air-filled (Pr = 0.7) cavity of aspect ratio 5 and Rayleigh number Ra = 4.5 × 1010 (based on the cavity height). Firstly, a complete
direct numerical simulation (DNS) has been performed. Then, the DNS results have been used as reference solution to assess the performance of symmetry-preserving regularization as a simulation shortcut: a novel class of regularization that restrain the convective production of small scales
of motion in an unconditionally stable manner. In this way, the new set of equations are dynamically less complex than the original Navier-Stokes equations, and therefore more amenable to be numerically solved. Time-averaged DNS results have revealed that the transition of the vertical boundary layer occurs at more downstream
positions than those observed in the experiments.
Genetic Variability of the Heme Uptake System among Different Strains of the Fish Pathogen <i>Vibrio anguillarum</i> : Identification of a New Heme Receptor (2005)

The ability to utilize heme compounds as iron sources was investigated in Vibrio anguillarum strains belonging to serotypes O1 to O10. All strains, regardless of their serotype or isolation origin could utilize hemin and hemoglobin as sole iron sources. Similarly, all of the isolates could bind hemin and Congo red, and this binding was mediated by cell envelope proteins. PCR and Southern hybridization were used to assay the occurrence of heme transport genes huvABCD, which have been previously described in serotype O1. Of 23 strains studied, two serotype O3 isolates proved negative for all huvABCD genes, whereas nine strains included in serotypes O2, O3, O4, O6, O7, and O10 tested negative for the outer membrane heme receptor gene huvA. A gene coding for a novel outer membrane heme receptor was cloned and characterized in a V. anguillarum serotype O3 strain lacking huvA. The new heme receptor, named HuvS, showed significant similarity to other outer membrane heme receptors described in Vibrionaceae, but little homology (39%) to HuvA. This heme receptor was present in 9 out of 11 of the V. anguillarum strains that tested negative for HuvA. Furthermore, complementation experiments demonstrated that HuvS could substitute for the HuvA function in Escherichia coli and V. anguillarum mutants. The huvS and huvA sequences alignment, as well as the analysis of their respective upstream and downstream DNA sequences, suggest that horizontal transfer and recombination might be responsible for generating this genetic diversity.
SQL Injection Attack Principles and Preventive Techniques for PHP Site (2018)

With1 the rapid development of computer network technology, people's life and work have become more and more dependent on the Internet. Consequent network security issues have also received much attention. At present, SQL injection attacks have become the main method of hacking. SQL injection vulnerabilities seriously threaten the security of WEB application systems. This article takes the PHP language as an example, introduces the reasons for the SQL injection in detail, conducts in-depth research on the common SQL injection attack methods. Based on the practical penetration testing practice, puts forward the SQL injection detection technology and how to avoid SQL injection vulnerability when writing WEB program code. This article provides detailed technical support for testing SQL injection and provides a powerful guarantee for WEB information system in SQL injection defense.
Loss of basal forebrain P75<sup>NTR</sup> immunoreactivity in subjects with mild cognitive impairment and Alzheimer's disease (2002)

The long-held belief that degeneration of the cholinergic basal forebrain was central to Alzheimer's disease (AD) pathogenesis and occurred early in the disease process has been questioned recently. In this regard, changes in some cholinergic basal forebrain (CBF) markers (e.g. the high affinity trkA receptor) but not others (e.g., cortical choline acetyltransferase [ChAT] activity, the number of ChAT and vesicular acetylcholine transporter-immunoreactive neurons) suggest specific phenotypic changes, but not frank neuronal degeneration, early in the disease process. The present study examined the expression of the low affinity p75 neurotrophin receptor (p75(NTR)), an excellent marker of CBF neurons, in postmortem tissue derived from clinically well-characterized individuals who have been classified as having no cognitive impairment (NCI), mild cognitive impairment (MCI), and mild AD. Relative to NCI individuals, a significant and similar reduction in the number of nucleus basalis p75(NTR)-immunoreactive neurons was seen in individuals with MCI (38%) and mild AD (43%). The number of p75(NTR)-immunoreactive nucleus basalis neurons was significantly correlated with performance on the Mini-Mental State Exam, a Global Cognitive Test score, as well as some individual tests of working memory and attention. These data, together with previous reports, support the concept that phenotypic changes, but not frank neuronal degeneration, occur early in cognitive decline. Although there was no difference in p75(NTR) CBF cell reduction between MCI and AD, it remains to be determined whether these findings lend support to the hypothesis that MCI is a prodromal stage of AD.
Uromodulin and Tamm-Horsfall protein induce human monocytes to secrete TNF and express tissue factor (1997)

Effects of uromodulin (URO) and Tamm-Horsfall protein (THP), the most abundant proteins in the urine of pregnant and normal women, respectively, on the induction of TNF-alpha secretion and tissue factor (TF) expression of human monocytes were studied. THP, URO, and its fragments stimulated human mononuclear cells to proliferate and secrete TNF-alpha. The release of URO and THP-induced TNF-alpha in monocytes was dependent upon protein tyrosine kinase activation that results in tyrosine phosphorylation. URO and THP also induced TF expression of human monocytes and monocytic cell line U937 in a dose-dependent manner. TF expression was transient, reached its peak at 6 h and declined toward basal levels by 24 h. Reverse transcriptase-PCR and dot-blot analysis confirmed the induction of TF mRNA synthesis. URO and THP-induced TF expression were inhibited by actinomycin D and pentoxifylline further supporting the requirement of de novo TF mRNA synthesis. The possibility of LPS contamination of URO and THP was excluded because: 1) URO and THP-induced TF expression were inhibited by specific Ab; 2) URO was less capable of inducing TF in HUVEC as compared with LPS; 3) polymyxin B blocked the induction of Limulus clotting by LPS but not by URO and THP; 4) both LPS-sensitive (C3H/HeN) and -resistant (C3H/HeJ) mice produced little or no TNF-alpha after URO challenge. Therefore, our findings suggest that URO and THP play a significant role in the innate immunity of the urinary system and that the immunostimulatory activity of URO is potentially useful for immunotherapy.
Tools to Improve Reproductive Performance of Dairy Cattle (2019)

          This paper discusses the use of parameters of herd reproduction in the diagnosis of infertility problems, the efficiency of oestrus detection, and the use of prostaglandins in controlled breeding programmes.
Two Mass-Spectrometric Techniques for Quantifying Serine Enantiomers and Glycine in Cerebrospinal Fluid: Potential Confounders and Age-Dependent Ranges (2008)

These 2 clinically applicable analysis techniques will help to unravel pathophysiologic, diagnostic, and therapeutic issues for disorders associated with central nervous system abnormalities, NMDA-receptor dysfunction, and other pathology associated with D-amino acids.
Urinary biomarkers for secondhand smoke (2011)

The use of a biomarker is mandatory for quantitative analysis of exposure to secondhand smoke (SHS). This article summarizes urinary biomarkers of smoke exposure which can be now quantified. The most reliable urinary biomarkers to assess the exposure to SHS are NNAL 4-(methylnitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanol and NNAL-Glucuronides, which is metabolites of tobacco-specific nitrosamine. These substances were detected even in 50% of children who had undetectable level of cotinine (<0.5 ng/ml). Urinary cotinine, which is determined by a highly sensitive competing enzyme immunoassay, is also a useful biomarker. However, individual variability of CYP2A6 allele,in which nicotine is catalyzed to cotinine, affects the level of urinary cotinine. Approximately 20% of Japanese subjects have homozygotes or heterozygotes of the CYP2A6*4 allele, which has impaired nicotine metabolism and subsequently may underestimate the actual exposure to SHS. In assessing the exposure to SHS, therefore, individual variability of CYP2A6 gene polymorphism should be taken into consideration. The combination of urinary cotinine measurement and self-report of parents' smoking seems to be accurate to assess the exposure to SHS in mass screening.
Sensorless Capability of Fractional-Slot Surface-Mounted PM Motors (2013)

This paper investigates the capability of sensorless rotor position detection by means of injection of a high-frequency (HF) signal of fractional-slot surface-mounted permanent-magnet (PM) motors. In order to create an HF anisotropy, such motors are characterized by the presence of a ring around each pole. For the sake of completeness, different windings are considered: a distributed coil winding and a concentrated coil winding. The effect of eddy currents in the magnets, due to the HF signal, is also considered. The effect of the slot opening is also taken into consideration. Finally, the comparison with two different PM rotor topologies is addressed: an interior PM motor and an INSET motor.
Pruning algorithms of neural networks — a comparative study (2013)

Abstract The neural network with optimal architecture speeds up the learning process and generalizes the problem well for further knowledge extraction. As a result researchers have developed various techniques for pruning the neural networks. This paper provides a survey of existing pruning techniques that optimize the architecture of neural networks and discusses their advantages and limitations. Also the paper evaluates the effectiveness of various pruning techniques by comparing the performance of some traditional and recent pruning algorithms based on sensitivity analysis, mutual information and significance on four real datasets namely Iris, Wisconsin breast cancer, Hepatitis Domain and Pima Indian Diabetes.
Upregulation of Nitric Oxide Production in Vascular Endothelial Cells by All- <i>trans</i> Retinoic Acid Through the Phosphoinositide 3-Kinase/Akt Pathway (2005)

ATRA increases NO production by eNOS phosphorylation through RAR-mediated PI3K/Akt pathway activation in vascular ECs and possibly plays beneficial roles in vascular endothelium. Retinoids may therefore be candidates as novel therapeutic agents against vascular disorders with endothelial damage.
Crow (2020)

Death is no stranger in healthcare. It is a well-known entity, an assured endpoint—one that looms in the corner waiting to be acknowledged when the time is right. One can witness when Death enters the room and envelops those around it, holding them in its grasp until its job is through. Grief comes in soon after Death to pick up the pieces, salvage what is left, and start again. Grief and Death have a paradoxical relationship—one that not many can understand, but one that thrives in despair and loss. Death came to meet one of my patients a few weeks back. Called Crow by his friends and family, this frail gentleman lay in his hospital bed, having been admitted for short-term observation that Death knew was going to be short in a different sense. Upon entering the room, Death acknowledged my presence but maintained its stronghold. Crow was nearing the end of his life, and it was clear that he knew Death was soon to become his friend. He could barely speak through his stridor as my preceptor and I listened while a hospice representative clarified his end-of-life wishes. Death stood near, observing. Crow knew he had to accept his fate and rescinded all care, with only a morphine drip snaking its way under the covers of his hospital sheets. He was determined to return home and pass away peacefully there, but Death was already at his bedside, waiting for Crow to agree to its plan. Hours passed. Family and friends soon arrived, sitting at Crow's side and stroking his long, gray hair as his breathing finally grew less strained. The morphine was preparing Crow's body for its formal introduction to Death. As his heart rate and respirations slowed, Death seemed to put its hand on Crow's shoulder, telling him it was time now. Crow's body soon grew silent, Death gave the signal for Grief to intervene, and with one quick motion, the handoff was complete. Death left with Crow in tow, and Grief became a new friend to all those present. Those present took some comfort from this devastating but skilled handoff. Those who were not present only haphazardly met Grief, not understanding its close and necessary relationship with Death. For those not present, grieving grew complicated as they did not witness Death and did not appreciate its calm, definitive necessity. They felt wronged, stripped of the one whom they loved. They postulated Death as a cold, cruel being when, in reality, Death became a comfort to Crow in his final moments and encouraged him to come along, knowing Grief could handle the rest. Although the two in tandem will never produce a “good” outcome by our standards, Death and Grief will grow to know each of us as we witness their work; they are agents of change, of pain, and of growth. Although Death's capabilities remain staggering and scary, the opportunity to appreciate its gentle work is exceptional, as Grief welcomes its interlude to embrace the patient's family and friends.Box 1
Synthesis and platelet aggregation inhibitory activity of 6-isobutyl-.alpha.-methyl-3-pyridineacetic acid (1979)

2-(4'-Isobutylphenyl)propionic acid, ibuprofen, is an antiinflammatory agent which possesses moderate platelet aggregation inhibitory activity. It was therefore of interest to determine what effect the replacement of the phenyl group of ibuprofen by a 3-pyridyl ring would have on platelet aggregation inhibitory activity. As a result, 6-isobutyl-alpha-methyl-o-pyridineacetic acid (7) and its 2-chloro analogue 13 were synthesized. The key step in the synthesis of 7 and 13 involved the oxidative rearrangement of enol ether 11 to the carboxylic ester 12 with thallium trinitrate. The entire sequences of reactions for the synthesis of compounds 7 and 13 are described in detail. Platelet aggregation inhibitory evaluation of 7 and 13 showed 7 to possess activity equivalent to ibuprofen; however, 13 was devoid of platelet aggregation inhibitory activity at an equivalent dose.
Reliability of a new scale for essential tremor (2012)

This scale is an exceptionally reliable tool for the clinical assessment of essential tremor.