gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Band-limited Ray-tracing through Rugose Interfaces (2012)

Standard ray-tracing is a very efficient way of approximating wave propagation for small wavelengths, or, equivalently, high frequencies. Furthermore, it is still valid when the medium parameters and the wavefields are smooth on the scalelength of the width of the Fresnel volume (Kravtsov and Orlov, 1990). Standard ray-tracing validity conditions break down in the vicinity of an interface when there is high contrast between the two sides of the interface and/or the interface has a complex structure. In this study, we present a new band-limited ray-tracing method that aims to overcome some of the limitations of standard high-frequency ray tracing in complex velocity models that contain complex interfaces. With a modest increase in computational cost, the method presented captures the wave kinematics that are comparable to finite-difference wave propagation with higher fidelity while staying within the ray-tracing framework, without requiring processing or alteration to the original model.
Multipath Ghost Targets Mitigation in Automotive Environments (2021)

This work addresses the probability of detection problem and false alarm performance degradation in automotive radar scenarios with multipath induced ghost targets. A novel multipath mitigation method which evaluates correlation between the target and its hypothesized ghost tracks, is proposed. The performance of the proposed method is evaluated with simulations and by using collected radar measurements, in practical scenes of moving target vehicles in adjacency to flat reflective surface.
Analysis of a biphase-based servo format for hard-disk drives (2000)

Biphase modulation in an embedded-servo format for hard-disk drives is investigated. It is shown that for biphase, at the low linear densities typical of servo information, near-maximum-likelihood performance can be attained by a simple bit detector consisting of a full-response linear equalizer and a binary slicer. Compared to the commonly used method of dibit coding, a signal-to-noise ratio gain of some 4 dB is achieved. The same equalizer may be used as the basis for near-maximum-likelihood position error signal amplitude estimation and timing recovery. Simulations of a practical servo demodulator based on a fifth-order analog filter show that at typical linear densities, this ideal performance is closely approached. The equalizer has a band-pass character and yields excellent suppression of the effects of thermal asperities and magneto-resistive head asymmetry.
An economical frequency synthesizer using interpolation techniques (2005)

In this paper, we propose an all-digital frequency synthesizer using interpolation techniques. Unlike the traditional direct digital synthesizer (DDS) which requires a large look-up table to store the phase and its corresponding sine wave, our new design contains only a linear feedback shift register (LFSR) and two banks of memory to store the two reference sequences. This can achieve a cost-efficient design. The novelty of this idea lies in that one can synthesize the desired frequency between these two reference frequencies through a threshold device. The frequency resolution of this synthesizer is determined by the order of the LFSR. The maximal spur around the synthesized frequency may be controlled by the numerical precision of these two reference frequencies. The percentage error of the synthesized frequency is identical to that of the system clock. This design is mainly used in implementing an economical digital modulator for continuous phase frequency shift keying (CPFSK) and other related wireless communication arts.
Abstract 3292: Double targeting oncolytic herpes simplex virus type 1 (oHSV-1) exhibits effective antitumor activity against EpCAM-expressing cancer cells (2022)

Abstract Oncolytic virotherapy is a new modality of immunotherapy using spontaneously occurring or genetically engineered viruses to selectively replicate in and kill cancer cells, no harming normal cells. Currently, various oncolytic herpes simplex virus (oHSVs) with enhanced tumor targeting, antitumor efficacy, and safety have been explored in many different models, and on a range of tumor targets. It has been a difficult task to completely retarget HSV to cancer-specific antigens at the plasma membrane of selected tumors, while maintaining the fully lytic potential of HSV. This approach achieved by a deep knowledge of virus natural receptor recognition, binding, and entry mechanisms. Two strategies have been employed including the incorporation of single-chain antibodies (scFv) into gD, gC or gH and the use of soluble adapter molecules that are capable of binding to both HSV and the specific receptor on the target cell. In the previous study, we first reported that HSV could retarget to gastric carcinoma cells by HVEM-CEA adapter molecule. Although we have been shown reasonable efficiency of retargeted cell transduction in vitro and in vivo, it required purification of the adapter protein and continuous addition to the virus prior to infection. To overcome the limitations of adapter molecules, we developed a self-retargeting system by incorporation of adapter expression cassette into the HSV genome that enables the sustained secretion of adapter protein while the viral replication in infected tumor cells. Furthermore, to strengthen the retargeting modality, we constructed a novel, double targeted oHSV, carries no deletion/attenuation, consisting of self-retargeting adapter and modified gH to EpCAM. Our results show that the initial infection and subsequent viral spread depend on cellular EpCAM expression. When injected intravenously (i.v.), they caused no harm to tumor-free mice up to the maximum tested dosage (2 x 108 PFU). When a single intratumoral dose of double targeting oHSV (2 x 106 infectious units) were administered in a xenograft model they rendered 80% of mice tumor-free. Our findings suggest that the double retargeting platform of HSV carrying self-retargeting adapter and modified gH may be potent in cancer-specific cell killing and thus useful for the treatment of EpCAM expressing various cancers. Citation Format: Hyunjung Baek, Hyun-Yoo Joo, Eun-Ran Park, Chun-Seob Ahn, Sujung Lee, Hyeri Kim, Mihee Han, Bora Kim, Heechung Kwon. Double targeting oncolytic herpes simplex virus type 1 (oHSV-1) exhibits effective antitumor activity against EpCAM-expressing cancer cells [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2022; 2022 Apr 8-13. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2022;82(12_Suppl):Abstract nr 3292.
A Computer-based Electronic Fall-through Probe Insect Counter for Monitoring Infestation in Stored Products (1996)

Current commercial infestation monitoring methods for insect pests of stored products are labor intensive, expensive, and insensitive to low population densities. An automated system has been developed to provide continuous monitoring of insects at multiple sites within large volumes of stored products and to remotely display acquired data indicative of infestation levels at these sites. The system uses custom-designed infrared beam sensor heads to detect insects that crawl into and drop through perforated cylindrical tubes (modified commercial grain probe traps) distributed throughout the storage volume. Sensor outputs are transmitted to a computer that analyzes the signals and makes time-stamped records of detections. The software also includes system self-testing, automatic data backup and recovery, and data management utilities. Laboratory testing across the full range of pertinent species size resulted in counting accuracy ranging from 88 to 99%. By employing a modular design, the systems size and features can be configured for a variety of applications such as a laboratory instrument, a small farm bin, or a large grain elevator complex.
Aggressive Modulation/Coding Scheme Selection for Maximizing System Throughput in a Multi-Carrier System (2005)

Multi-carrier modulation techniques, such as OFDM, are attractive propositions for the design of future broadband wireless communication systems due to higher spectral efficiency than CDMA. A capacity enhancing technique to be commonly used in these systems is adaptive modulation/coding (AMC) for link adaptation. With AMC, the modulation and coding scheme (MCS) is selected based on the channel quality information. MCS selection is an imperfect process by nature, due to, for example, the variability of the channel. Moreover, since the set of available MCSs is quantized, it is not always possible to select the optimal rate. Using these non-optimal MCS values results in reduced system capacity. This paper describes a method that attempts to maximize system and user throughputs in a multi-carrier system by overcoming the impacts of such non-optimal MCS selection through the use of hybrid ARQ (HARQ). This method relies on aggressive MCS selection and multiple HARQ transmissions. The performance impact of this method on various types of packet data applications is evaluated by system level simulation. Simulation results indicate that significant system and user throughput gains can be achieved by this method.
A low sidelobe network for time delayed subarrays (2002)

The elements of large arrays are often grouped into subarrays to decrease the array feed complexity or reduce the number of controls. Wideband subarrayed systems use phase shifters at each element and analog time delay units or digital receivers at the subarray level. A cost saving results from the reduction of the number of time delay devices. Until now there have been no appropriate networks for inserting time delay at the subarray ports of large constrained subarrays without causing high sidelobes. This paper describes one such network that, at the outset, provided far lower sidelobes than the usual contiguous subarrays, but retained several high lobes near the main beam. This paper shows the reduction of nearly all sidelobes to levels determined by tolerance errors. Several examples are presented that synthesize sidelobes at -40 dB.
On the design of coplanar waveguide bond wires as transmission lines (2003)

A packaging structure has been proposed such that coplanar bond wires may be maintained at a constant height above the device substrate and so function as a transmission line. The characteristic impedance of such a "coplanar wire waveguide" transmission line has been determined as a function of its wire spacing and height above the substrate. The large sensitivity to height above the substrate is shown, thus requiring great precision in maintaining that height in a practical arrangement.
SSIM-Motivated Two-Pass VBR Coding for HEVC (2016)

We propose a structural similarity (SSIM)motivated two-pass variable bit rate control algorithm for High Efficiency Video Coding. Given a bit rate budget, the available bits are optimally allocated at group of pictures (GoP), frame, and coding unit (CU) levels by hierarchically constructing a perceptually uniform space with an SSIM-inspired divisive normalization mechanism. The Lagrange multiplier λ, which controls the tradeoff between perceptual distortion and bit rate, is adopted as the GoP level complexity measure. To derive λ, Laplacian distribution-based rate and perceptual distortion models are established after the first pass encoding, and the target bits are dynamically allocated by maintaining a uniform Lagrange multiplier level for each GoP through λ equalization. Within each GoP, rate control is further performed at frame and CU levels based on SSIM-inspired divisive normalization, aiming to transform the prediction residuals into a perceptually uniform space. Experiments show that the proposed scheme achieves high accuracy rate control and superior rate-SSIM performance, which is further verified by subjective visual testing.
ESAT-6 (EsxA) and TB10.4 (EsxH) Based Vaccines for Pre- and Post-Exposure Tuberculosis Vaccination (2013)

The ESX systems from Mycobacterium tuberculosis are responsible for the secretion of highly immunogenic proteins of key importance for bacterial survival and growth. The two prototypic proteins, ESAT-6 (EsxA from ESX-1) and TB10.4 (EsxH from ESX-3) share a lot of characteristics regarding genome organization, size, antigenic properties, and vaccine potential but the two molecules clearly have very different roles in bacterial physiology. To further investigate the role of ESAT-6 and TB10.4 as preventive and post-exposure tuberculosis vaccines, we evaluated four different fusion-protein vaccines; H1, H4, H56 and H28, that differ only in these two components. We found that all of these vaccines give rise to protection in a conventional prophylactic vaccination model. In contrast, only the ESAT-6-containing vaccines resulted in significant protection against reactivation, when administered post-exposure. This difference in post-exposure activity did not correlate with a difference in gene expression during infection or a differential magnitude or quality of the vaccine-specific CD4 T cells induced by ESAT-6 versus TB10.4-containing vaccines. The post-exposure effect of the ESAT-6 based vaccines was found to be influenced by the infectious load at the time-point of vaccination and was abolished in chronically infected animals with high bacterial loads at the onset of vaccination. Our data demonstrate that there are specific requirements for the immune system to target an already established tuberculosis infection and that ESAT-6 has a unique potential in post-exposure vaccination strategies.
Understanding and exploitation of alloys based on the compound TiAl (gamma phase). Technical report (Final), March 1977-December 1978 (1979)

Alloys based on the TiAl (Gamma) phase have attractive elevated-temperature properties for gas-turbine applications. However, certain processing and property problems will have to be overcome before such materials are qualified for the projected applications. The work performed addressed two such problem areas. In Phase A, an extensive alloy-development effort was conducted in which the effect of single and multiple elemental additions on the microstructure and mechanical properties of various TiAl base compositions was studied in order to overcome the low ductility at room and intermediate temperature. It was shown that the best balance of tensile ductility and creep-rupture strength is achieved when the aluminum content is about 48 at. %. Two other positive compositional effects were demonstrated. One is the increase in ductility at room and intermediate temperature imparted by vanadium additions; the second, a large increase in creep-rupture strength resulting from the addition of 0.1 percent carbon to a Ti-Al-V base.
Human antibody cocktail deploys multiple functions to confer pan-ebolavirus protection (2018)

During the unprecedented 2013–2016 Ebola virus disease (EVD) epidemic in Western Africa and in its aftermath, the passive administration of monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) emerged as a promising treatment approach 1–7 . However, all antibody-based therapeutics currently in advanced development are specific for a single member of the Ebolavirus genus, Ebola virus (EBOV), and ineffective against divergent outbreak-causing ebolaviruses, including Bundibugyo virus (BDBV) and Sudan virus (SUDV) 2,3,5,7 . Here we advance MBP134, a cocktail of two broadly neutralizing human mAbs targeting the filovirus surface glycoprotein, GP, as a candidate pan-ebolavirus therapeutic. One component of this cocktail is a pan-ebolavirus neutralizing mAb, ADI-15878, isolated from a human EVD survivor 8,9 . The second, ADI-23774, was derived by affinity maturation of a human mAb 8,9 via yeast display to enhance its potency against SUDV. MBP134 afforded exceptionally potent pan-ebolavirus neutralization in vitro and demonstrated greater protective efficacy than ADI-15878 alone in the guinea pig model of lethal EBOV challenge. A second-generation cocktail, MBP134 AF , engineered to effectively harness natural killer (NK) cells afforded additional, unprecedented improvements in protective efficacy against EBOV and SUDV in guinea pigs relative to both its precursor and to any mAbs or mAb cocktails tested previously. MBP134 AF is a best-in-class mAb cocktail suitable for evaluation as a pan-ebolavirus therapeutic in nonhuman primates.
Development of a nanogel-based nasal vaccine as a novel antigen delivery system (2017)

Nasal vaccination is one of the most effective immunization methods because it can induce effective antigen-specific immune responses not only at the mucosal site of administration but also at distant mucosal surfaces, as well as in the systemic compartment. Based on this advantage, many nasal vaccines are being developed and some have been licensed and marketed for clinical use. However, some have been withdrawn because of unacceptable adverse events such as inactivated influenza vaccine administrated with a heat-labile enterotoxin of Escherichia coli as an adjuvant. Thus, it is important to consider both the efficacy and safety of nasal vaccines. Areas covered: This review describes the benefits of cholesteryl group-bearing pullulan (CHP) nanogels for nasal vaccine delivery and vaccine development identified on Pubmed database with the term 'Nanogel-based nasal vaccine'. Expert commentary: CHP nanogels have been developed as novel drug delivery system, and a cationic CHP nanogels have been demonstrated to induce effective immunity as a nasal vaccine antigen carrier. Since vaccine antigens incorporated into CHP nanogels have exhibited no brain deposition after nasal administration in mice and nonhuman primates, the vaccine seems safe, and could be a promising new delivery system.
DEVELOPMENT OF SINGLE-DOMAIN NEAR-INFRARED FLUORESCENT PROTEIN GAF-FP BASED ON BACTERIAL PHYTOCHROME. (2018)

Fluorescent proteins (FPs) are widely used as genetically encoded markers for noninvasive and quantitative study of biological processes. Development of biomarkers that fluoresce in the near-infrared spectral range allows the study of animals at a deeper level due to high permeability of tissues to light in this wavelength range, compared to the visible light. For widespread use of FPs, such properties as low molecular weight and the monomer become important. In this paper, we developed a FP called the GAF-FP and based on the chromophore- binding domain of bacterial phytochrome from Rhodopseudomonas palustris (RpBphP1). GAF-FP has a molecular mass of ~ 19 kDa, 2 times lower than that of other FP based on BphPs and 1.4 times less than the commonly used GFP-like proteins. Unlike most other near-infrared FP, GAF-FP is a monomer, has high photostability and its structure can withstand the introduction of small peptide inserts. Moreover, GAF-FP can covalently bind two different tetrapyrrole chromophores: phycocyanobilin (PCB) and biliverdin (BV), which is found in mammalian tissues. GAF-FP with BV as a chromophore (GAF-FP—BV) has a main absorption band with a maximum at 635 nm and fluorescence maximum at 670 nm, whereby GAF-FP has a high signal to background ratio even if localized at a depth of several mm below the tissue surface. Apart from the near-infrared absorption band, GAF-FP—BV also has also an absorption band in the violet spectral range with a maximum at 378 nm. This property has been used by us to create a chimeric protein consisting of a modified luciferase from Renilla reniformis (RLuc8) and GAF-FP. We have shown that the chimeric protein is capable of resonance energy transfer from the substrate, which is oxidized by luciferase, to chromophore of GAF-FP—BV. In the absence of energy acceptor, RLuc8 catalyzes the cleavage of the substrate with light radiation having a peak of 400 nm. At the same time, as a part of GAF-FP—RLuc8 chimeric protein, the energy from the substrate is transferred to the chromophore of FP and then emitted in the near-infrared spectral range corresponding to GAF-FP fluorescence. These results open the way for the creation of new small near-infrared FPs based on various natural BphPs with a prospect of their wider use in cell and molecular biology.
Caltubin, a Novel Molluscan Tubulin-Interacting Protein, Promotes Axonal Growth and Attenuates Axonal Degeneration of Rodent Neurons (2011)

Axotomized central neurons of most invertebrate species demonstrate a strong regenerative capacity, and as such may provide valuable molecular insights and new tools to promote axonal regeneration in injured mammalian neurons. In this study, we identified a novel molluscan protein, caltubin, ubiquitously expressed in central neurons of Lymnaea stagnalis and locally synthesized in regenerating neurites. Reduction of caltubin levels by gene silencing inhibits the outgrowth and regenerative ability of adult Lymnaea neurons and decreases local α- and β-tubulin levels in neurites. Caltubin binds to α- and/or β-tubulin in both Lymnaea and rodent neurons. Expression of caltubin in PC12 cells and mouse cortical neurons promotes NGF-induced axonal outgrowth and attenuates axonal retraction after injury. This is the first study illustrating that a xenoprotein can enhance outgrowth and prevent degeneration of injured mammalian neurons. These results may open up new avenues in molecular repair strategies through the insertion of molecular components of invertebrate regenerative pathways into mammalian neurons.
Insulin receptor isotype expression correlates with risk of non-insulin-dependent diabetes. (1993)

Skeletal muscle insulin resistance plays a pivotal role in the pathogenesis of non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM), as individuals with this defect are at increased risk of developing the disease later in life. To assess whether the abnormal expression of the structurally distinct human insulin receptor isoforms, HIR-A and HIR-B, which has been found in skeletal muscle of NIDDM patients, is a feature of a prediabetic state, skeletal muscle biopsies from nondiabetic individuals ranging from high insulin sensitivity to insulin resistance were examined. Polymerase chain reaction analysis of mRNA from muscle biopsies detected exclusive or predominant expression of HIR-A in 13 patients with normal insulin sensitivity. In contrast, 7 subjects with various degrees of insulin resistance exhibited abnormally increased HIR-B RNA expression. This association suggests the abnormal expression of receptor isoforms as a characteristic of the prediabetic state and supports the notion of a connection of this aberration with the pathogenesis of NIDDM. Changes in HIR-A/B expression in the skeletal muscle may thus provide a prognostic criterion for the development of NIDDM.
Planar Channelized Log-Periodic Antenna (2006)

We present the design, simulation, and measurement of a dual linearly polarized log-periodic antenna matched to a log-periodic channelizing filter through a tapered microstrip balun. The design can be implemented monolithically. A prototype of the channelized antenna, which operates over 1 - 5 GHz, is realized on printed circuit board with a dielectric constant of 4.5. Because we designed the antenna and channelizer with the same log-period (/spl tau/ = 1.2) the variation in antenna impedance and radiation pattern is theoretically the same over every channel (/spl Delta/v/v - 0.2). The channel-averaged radiation patterns show less variation from channel to channel (1.64 - 5.26 GHz) than do radiation patterns sampled over a single log-period in frequency (4.39 - 5.26 GHz). We are developing this channelized log-periodic antenna as a scale model of a polychromatic millimeter-wave pixel for an array receiver of transition-edge sensor bolometers. We are constructing such receivers to measure the polarization of cosmic microwave background radiation.