gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Electrochemical Machining of Micro Slots Using Shaped Electrode (2012)

In this paper electrochemical machining of micro slots using a shaped electrode instead of the traditional cylindrical electrode is presented. By applying shaped electrode the flow state of processing can be improved. An electrochemical machining (ECM system for meeting the requirements of the ECM process was established and a shaped electrode was fabricated by BEDG (Block Electrical Discharge Grinding). A set of experiments were carried out to investigate the influence of shaped electrode on machining efficiency and shape precision. The results show that the side gap and frontal gap of the micro slots can be reduced and machining speed will be improved when the shaped electrode was used compare with cylindrical electrode.
A New Method for Drug Application to the Inner Ear (2005)

Inner ear sensory cells are very susceptible to injuries and recovery after damage is very difficult. Recently several drugs including neurotrophic factors have been reported to protect against inner ear injury. The purpose of this experimental study is to find new methods for applying drugs to the inner ear that effectively protect against inner ear damage. Biodegradable hydrogel was used as a carrier for application of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) into the inner ear of guinea pigs through the round window membrane. After application of BDNF the number of surviving spiral ganglion neurons increased following injury of inner ear hair cells and spiral ganglion neurons by ototoxic treatment. This result indicates that BDNF provides effective protection against inner ear damage and that biodegradable hydrogel is useful for application of drugs to the inner ear.
<i>para</i>-Octaiodophenylsilsesquioxane, [<i>p</i>-IC<sub>6</sub>H<sub>4</sub>SiO<sub>1.5</sub>]<sub>8</sub>, a Nearly Perfect Nano-Building Block (2008)

The cubic symmetry of octafunctional octaphenylsilsesquioxanes [ROPS, (RC6H4SiO(1.5))8] coupled with a 1 nm diameter offers exceptional potential to assemble materials in three dimensions with perfect control of periodicity and the potential to tailor global properties at nanometer length scales. OPS itself is very inert and insoluble and can only be functionalized via electrophilic reactions with difficulty and with poor substitutional selectivity. However, functionalized OPS products are robust and highly soluble, offering easy purification and processing. In contrast to previous studies, we report here that OPS reacts with ICl at sub-ambient temperatures to provide (following recrystallization) [p-IC6H4SiO(1.5)]8, or I8OPS, in good yields and with excellent selectivity: >99% mono-iodo substitution with >93% para substitution as determined by H2O2/F- cleavage of the Si-C bonds to produce iodophenols. I8OPS in turn can be functionalized using conventional catalytic coupling reactions to provide sets of >93% para-substituted, functionalized compounds (alkynes, alkenes, aryl amines, phosphonates, aryl amines, polyaromatics, etc.), suggesting the potential to develop diverse nano-building blocks for the assembly of a wide variety of materials, some with novel photonic, electronic, and structural properties.
UV-Absorption-Based Measurements of Ozone and Mercury: An Investigation on Their Mutual Interferences (2006)

Continuous mercury monitors (CMMs) have the advantage of performing real-time or near real-time measurement, although they are often vulnerable to measurement interferences. For example, CMMs based on atomic absorption spectrometry (AAS) are subject to interferences by components of the sample gas, such as ozone, if they happen to have strong absorption bands or lines overlapping the Hg absorption line. Studies on a selected commercially available CMM showed that 120 ppb of ozone could exert an interference of approximately 63 ng/m3 on Hg measurement. This interference may consequently affect the risk assessment of human exposure to Hg. On a similar basis, it was found that Hg can also result in significant interferences on an ozone analyzer based on UV absorption. Results showed that Hg at a concentration of 300 ng/m3 can potentially cause a bias in ozone measurement of approximately 35 ppb, comparable to the average ambient ozone concentration. It should be noted that interferences discussed in this paper are applicable only to UV-absorption-based Hg and ozone analyzers. It is also possible that certain models of such analyzers are not compromised by the reported interferences, and thus, the findings in this work should be considered as analyzer-specific.
Configuring Systems for Operation From Three Phase AC Power (2007)

High power computing and networking equipment is not new. What is new is that more and more machines are requiring more power than can be easily provided by a single phase ac power feed. This paper reviews the two main ways to provide the needed dc power from three phase ac power sources. The first way is to use true three phase ac input power supplies. The second method, and most common technique, is to use three single phase ac input power supplies with the outputs in parallel. These techniques and their respective advantages and disadvantages are discussed below. The paper concludes with the discussion of another way of using three single phase ac input power supplies that has a simple installation and simple system level hardware at the cost of much more complex power supplies.
DNA separation with field inversion capillary electrophoresis (1995)

We have built an automated pulsed field capillary electrophoresis system on the basis of a commercially available device. Using entangled polymer solutions as separating matrix, we demonstrate a considerable improvement of separation of double-stranded DNA in the range of 1-50 kbp under pulsed field conditions. The influence of the main parameters, i.e. pulse frequency and electric field, is studied and the results are compared to existing electrophoresis theories.
Patch-based Progressive 3D Point Set Upsampling (2018)

We present a detail-driven deep neural network for point set upsampling. A high-resolution point set is essential for point-based rendering and surface reconstruction. Inspired by the recent success of neural image super-resolution techniques, we progressively train a cascade of patch-based upsampling networks on different levels of detail end-to-end. We propose a series of architectural design contributions that lead to a substantial performance boost. The effect of each technical contribution is demonstrated in an ablation study. Qualitative and quantitative experiments show that our method significantly outperforms the state-of-the-art learning-based and optimazation-based approaches, both in terms of handling low-resolution inputs and revealing high-fidelity details.
Delay of Ovulation by Meloxicam in Healthy Cycling Volunteers: A Placebo‐Controlled, Double‐blind, Crossover Study (2006)

This study aimed to assess the effect of meloxicam on female ovulation. Twenty consented fertile females were monitored for 4 menstrual cycles: a baseline cycle, 2 treatment cycles, and a washout cycle between treatment cycles. In the first cycle visit, transvaginal ultrasound was performed, a blood sample for progesterone and meloxicam analysis was withdrawn, and volunteers were given a luteinizing hormone (LH) urine test kit and meloxicam or placebo. Volunteers started the treatment on the following day and asked to return the day the LH kit was positive to detect the dominant follicle. At subsequent visits, transvaginal ultrasound and progesterone and meloxicam levels were investigated. Compared to placebo, a 5-day delay in follicle rupture, a 55.7% increase in the mean maximum follicle diameter, and 33.5% decrease of plasma progesterone level were observed in the meloxicam-treated group. Such demonstrated meloxicam effects were reversed in participants who were randomized to meloxicam first and then placebo. Only minor side effects were reported by volunteers during the course of treatment. It is concluded that meloxicam resulted in a reversible delay of ovulation, an increase in follicular diameter, and a decrease in plasma progesterone level.
Capillary GC analysis of diesel fuels using simultaneous parallel triple detection (1986)

Abstract Diesel fuels from different parts of the UK have been analyzed for polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH), nitrogen‐containing PAH, and sulfur‐containing PAH using capillary column GC with simultaneous parallel triple detection. The concentrations of polyaromatic compounds (PAC) were high and showed considerable variability amongst the fuels. The PAH are mainly naphthalene, fluorene, and phenanthrene and their alkylated homologs; the PANH are mainly carbazole and its methyl derivatives; the PASH are mainly dibenzothiophene and its methyl derivatives.
Interaction of silane with Cu(111): Surface alloy and molecular chemisorbed phases (1997)

Helium-atom scattering (HAS) has been used to probe the various temperature regimes of the silane/Cu(111) adsorption system. Adsorption at a surface temperature below 230 K results in the formation of chemisorbed molecular fragments with different structural regimes in the temperature ranges 165 K, 165--207 K, and 207--230 K. Growth below 165 K results in a 3\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}3 overlayer containing ${\mathrm{SiH}}_{3}$ moieties together with SiH or Si atoms in a P3m1 structure. All Si atoms are bonded in threefold sites. Ordering into the final 3\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}3 structure occurs suddenly, near saturation coverage. Further molecular phases are observed at higher temperatures. A 4\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}4 phase exists between 165 and 207 K, and a second 3\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}3 structure occurs between 207 and 230 K. Periodicities deduced from the HAS diffraction patterns differ from low-energy electron-diffraction patterns reported previously. A gradual transition from the molecular chemisorbed phase to a surface alloy phase occurs above 230 K. The alloy phase can also be populated directly by adsorption at 400 K, resulting from the complete dissociation of the silane molecule followed by hydrogen desorption and the incorporation of silicon into the surface to give a two-dimensional hexagonal surface alloy (${\mathrm{Cu}}_{2}$Si).
Elucidative Programming in open integrated development environments for Java (2003)

In this paper we present an integration of tool support for internal documentation in the modern IDE Together J. The specific kind of internal documentation stems from the Elucidative Programming tradition where documentation and source code are separate entities tied together using hyperlinks. The tool supports the programmer in creating and managing internal documentation of Java source code. The hypertext-based documentation is presented in the IDE where a range of navigational features helps the programmer with finding relevant documentation for a given part of the source code. It is concluded that integration of such a tool is indeed possible as well as easy to do in an open IDE like TogetherJ. We expect that we can obtain similar results using other open IDEs.
Homogeneously catalyzed oxidation for the destruction of aqueous organic wastes (1990)

Abstract Several organic species, specifically atrazine, 2,4‐dichlorophenozyacetic acid, and biphenyl, were converted to CO 2 and other non‐harmful gases through oxidation catalyzed by inorganic acid. Nearly complete conversion was obtained through homogeneous liquid‐phase oxidation with ammonium nitrate. The kinetics of reaction have been investigated and indicate parallel oxidation and thermal degradation of the oxidant. This results in a maximum conversion at an intermediate temperature. Increasing oxidant concentration accelerates the rate of conversion and shifts the location of the optimum temperature. Reaction at varying acid concentration revealed that conversion increased with an approximately linear relationship as the pH of the solution was increased. Conversion was increased to greater than 99% through the addition of small amounts of transition metal salts demonstrating the suitability of a treatment process based on this technology for wastestreams containing small quantities of heavy metals.
Dengue in the elderly: a review (2017)

Changing dengue epidemiological trends have resulted in a shift in the disease burden to the adult population. Older adults suffer from poorer outcomes as compared to their younger counterparts, making clinical management of this sub-population particularly challenging. Areas covered: We present a review of the current literature on the changing epidemiology of dengue in the elderly, the atypical features of the clinical disease in this population with emphasis on severe disease presentations and challenges in the current management strategies. Expert commentary: Dengue in the elderly is an increasingly important yet greatly understudied area. There is an urgent need to refine the current diagnostic criteria to improve diagnosis, classification of disease severity and identify individuals in this population who are likely to progress to severe disease. Management strategies in this population would have to be adjusted to account for the increased number of co-morbidities. The role of the available dengue vaccines in this group is uncertain, and more studies into their safety and efficacy are critically needed.
Abstract 4117: Mechanisms of acquired resistance to c-Src kinase inhibitor in triple negative breast cancer (2017)

Abstract Triple negative breast cancers (TNBCs) are especially lethal due to their high metastatic potential and propensity to recur. TNBCs comprise the only subset of breast cancer for which there are no FDA-approved targeted therapies. We have developed a mechanistically novel dual c-Src/p38 inhibitor, UM-164, that has potent in vivo anti-TNBC activity. However, single-agent targeted therapies are prone to resistance and rational drug combinations can overcome or prevent resistance. We developed TNBC cells lines that are resistant to UM-164. Significant morphology and cell signaling changes occurred in the drug-resistant cell lines. Most crucial is the observation that in drug-resistant cell lines the activation of c-Src and/or p38 does not return in the presence of UM-164, suggesting that resistance is not occurring via constitutive activation enabling mutations of c-Src and/or p38 kinases. However, compared to their drug-sensitive counterparts, the UM-164-resistant cells have significantly hyperactivated MEK1/2 and ERK1/2 signaling when treated with UM-164. Thus, we tested combinations of UM-164 + MEK1/2 inhibitors in several TNBC cell lines and patient derived xenografts. We found that trametinib (Mekinist®, an FDA-approved inhibitor of MEK1/2) is synergistic (Chou-Talalay CI at ED90 = 0.4, CI &lt; 1 denotes synergy) with UM-164 to inhibit the growth of UM-164-resistant MDA-MB-231 and SUM-149 cell lines. These results support our hypothesis that activation of MEK/ERK signaling can act as an escape mechanism that leads to resistance to UM-164. Future research into rational combinations of targeted therapies delivered in data driven schedules may hold the key to improving survival in TNBC. Citation Format: Rabia A. Gilani, Eric J. Lachacz, Sameer Phadke, Li Wei Bao, Xu Cheng, Evelyn M. Jiagge, Matthew B. Soellner, Sofia D. Merajver. Mechanisms of acquired resistance to c-Src kinase inhibitor in triple negative breast cancer [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2017; 2017 Apr 1-5; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2017;77(13 Suppl):Abstract nr 4117. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2017-4117
An Efficient Frequent Patterns Mining Algorithm Based on Apriori Algorithm and the FP-Tree Structure (2008)

Association rule mining is to find association relationships among large data sets. Mining frequent patterns is an important aspect in association rule mining. In this paper, an efficient algorithm named apriori-growth based on apriori algorithm and the FP-tree structure is presented to mine frequent patterns. The advantage of the apriori-growth algorithm is that it doesn't need to generate conditional pattern bases and sub-conditional pattern tree recursively. Computational results show the apriori-growth algorithm performs faster than apriori algorithm, and it is almost as fast as FP-growth, but it needs smaller memory.
Ionic Liquids as Plasticizers for Polyelectrolyte Complexes (2015)

Uptake of salts by insoluble polyelectrolyte complexes (PECs) leads to plasticization, and here it is shown that ionic liquids (ILs) are more effective plasticizers than simple organic salts such as NaCl. The PEC uptake of IL cation was monitored by solution (1)H NMR, and the mechanical impacts of plasticization were tracked by dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA). PECs prepared with polystyrene sulfonate (PSS) and poly(diallyldimethylammonium chloride) (PDDA) under charge stoichiometric conditions were immersed in aqueous solutions of 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride [BMIM][Cl] to cause IL uptake, which could be controlled by the solution's IL concentration: higher concentration leads to higher uptake which leads to greater plasticization. The effectiveness of plasticization was assessed through the position and height of a DMA tan(δ) peak ascribed to a glassy-to-rubbery PEC transition. Consistent with greater PEC uptake, isothermal titration calorimetry demonstrated that solution binding by PSS of [BMIM](+) was much stronger than binding of Na(+).
Design and optimization of a digital FM receiver using DPLL techniques (2005)

It is a well known fact that the performance of the phase - locked loop (PLL) used as an FM demodulator may be superior to that of the conventional FM receiver in some respects. Therefore in this paper a digital approach to FM demodulation based on the digital PLL (DPLL) principle is investigated. The demodulator together with a digital IF filter and an effective method of sampling the FM signal at minimum sampling rate may be applied as a digital FM stereo receiver for broadcasting. For this application, the design and optimization of the digital receiver are discussed and results of a simulation on an all-purpose computer are presented.
Differential Impact of CD27 and 4-1BB Costimulation on Effector and Memory CD8 T Cell Generation following Peptide Immunization (2014)

The factors that determine differentiation of naive CD8 T cells into memory cells are not well understood. A greater understanding of how memory cells are generated will inform of ways to improve vaccination strategies. In this study, we analyzed the CD8 T cell response elicited by two experimental vaccines comprising a peptide/protein Ag and an agonist that delivers a costimulatory signal via CD27 or 4-1BB. Both agonists increased expansion of Ag-specific CD8 T cells compared with Ag alone. However, their capacity to stimulate differentiation into effector and memory cells differed. CD27 agonists promoted increased expression of perforin and the generation of short-lived memory cells, whereas stimulation with 4-1BB agonists favored generation of stable memory. The memory-promoting effects of 4-1BB were independent of CD4 T cells and were the result of programing within the first 2 d of priming. Consistent with this conclusion, CD27 and 4-1BB-stimulated CD8 T cells expressed disparate amounts of IL-2, IFN-γ, CD25, CD71, and Gp49b as early as 3 d after in vivo activation. In addition, memory CD8 T cells, generated through priming with CD27 agonists, proliferated more extensively than did 4-1BB-generated memory cells, but these cells failed to persist. These data demonstrate a previously unanticipated link between the rates of homeostatic proliferation and memory cell attrition. Our study highlights a role for these receptors in skewing CD8 T cell differentiation into effector and memory cells and provides an approach to optimize vaccines that elicit CD8 T cell responses.
Development of micro-fibrous solid dispersions of poorly water-soluble drugs in sucrose using temperature-controlled centrifugal spinning (2016)

Solid dispersion technology represents a successful approach to addressing the bioavailability issues caused by the low aqueous solubility of many Biopharmaceutics Classification System (BCS) Class II drugs. In this study, the use of high-yield manufacture of fiber-based dispersion is explored as an alternative approach to monolith production methods. A temperature-controlled solvent-free centrifugal spinning process was used to produce sucrose-based microfibers containing the poorly water-soluble drugs olanzapine and piroxicam (both BCS Class II); these were successfully incorporated into the microfibers and the basic characteristics of fiber diameter, glassy behavior, drug loading capacity and drug-sucrose interaction assessment were measured. Scanning electron microscopy revealed that bead-free drug-loaded microfibers with homogenous morphology and diameter in the range of a few micrometers were prepared using our process. Differential scanning calorimetric and X-ray diffraction analyses showed that both drug and carrier were present in the amorphous state in the microfibers, although in the case of piroxicam-loaded microfibers, the presence of small amounts of crystalline drug was observed under polarized light microscopy and in Fourier transform infrared spectra. Drug dissolution performance was evaluated under both sink and non-sink conditions and was found to be significantly enhanced compared to the corresponding crystalline physical mixtures and pure drugs, with evidence of supersaturation behavior noted under non-sink conditions. This study has demonstrated that microfiber-based dispersions may be manufactured by the centrifugal spinning process and may possess characteristics that are favorable for the enhanced dissolution and oral absorption of drugs.
The Two-Way Likelihood Ratio (G) Test and Comparison to Two-Way Chi Squared Test (2012)

This paper presents a derivation of the Two-Way Likelihood Ratio (G) Test and Comparison to the Two-Way Chi Squared Test
Stereoscopic Visual Attention-Based Regional Bit Allocation Optimization for Multiview Video Coding (2010)

We propose a Stereoscopic Visual Attention- (SVA-) based regional bit allocation optimization for Multiview Video Coding (MVC) by the exploiting visual redundancies from human perceptions. We propose a novel SVA model, where multiple perceptual stimuli including depth, motion, intensity, color, and orientation contrast are utilized, to simulate the visual attention mechanisms of human visual system with stereoscopic perception. Then, a semantic region-of-interest (ROI) is extracted based on the saliency maps of SVA. Both objective and subjective evaluations of extracted ROIs indicated that the proposed SVA model based on ROI extraction scheme outperforms the schemes only using spatial or/and temporal visual attention clues. Finally, by using the extracted SVA-based ROIs, a regional bit allocation optimization scheme is presented to allocate more bits on SVA-based ROIs for high image quality and fewer bits on background regions for efficient compression purpose. Experimental results on MVC show that the proposed regional bit allocation algorithm can achieve over % bit-rate saving while maintaining the subjective image quality. Meanwhile, the image quality of ROIs is improved by dB at the cost of insensitive image quality degradation of the background image.