gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Single Molecule Sensitive Multivalent Polyethylene Glycol Probes for RNA Imaging (2010)

The imaging of RNA in live cells presents a methodological challenge both in the mechanism by which the probes are delivered to the cell and in the sensitivity of the probe. Probes must be delivered to the correct cellular compartment and, once inside the cell, should bind to the target RNA rapidly and with enough sensitivity to detect small numbers of RNA molecules. Here, we report the characterization of a single-molecule sensitive, multivalent RNA imaging probe that utilizes an eight-armed poly(ethylene glycol) core. This probe allowed for the accurate imaging of the human respiratory syncytial virus (hRSV) genomic RNA when delivered into live cells using either reversible membrane permeabilization or TAT-peptide mediated membrane transduction. Neither reversible membrane permeabilization nor TAT mediated delivery proceeded through the endosomal pathway, and both delivery methods demonstrated fast binding kinetics of less than 10 min. Subcellular distributions of RNA were visualized in live cells, as well as RNA-protein colocalization, after fixation and immunostaining of the hRSV RNA binding protein N.
Overexpression of Arabidopsis <i>ESR1</i> Induces Initiation of Shoot Regeneration (2001)

Functional screening of an Arabidopsis cDNA library enabled the identification of a novel cDNA, ESR1 (for Enhancer of Shoot Regeneration), that can confer cytokinin-independent shoot formation when overexpressed in Arabidopsis root explants. Neither callus induction nor root formation was affected by ESR1 overexpression. ESR1 encodes a putative transcription factor with an AP2/EREBP domain. Surprisingly, ESR1 overexpression also greatly increased the efficiency of shoot regeneration from root explants in the presence of cytokinin, with a shift in the optimal cytokinin concentration required for this process. The effects of ESR1 overexpression on shoot regeneration are synergistic with those of cytokinin. Overexpression of ESR1 cannot induce callus formation or root formation, suggesting that its effects are specific to shoot formation. In wild-type Arabidopsis plants, ESR1 expression was induced by cytokinin. ESR1 transcript levels also increased transiently during shoot regeneration from root explants, most probably in response to cytokinin in the shoot-inducing medium. This transient increase occurred after the acquisition of competence for regeneration and before shoot formation, which is consistent with the physiological effects of ESR1 overexpression. Our results suggest that ESR1 may regulate the induction of shoot regeneration after the acquisition of competence for organogenesis.
The Compliance Method for Measurement of Near Surface Residual Stresses—Analytical Background (1994)

Introducing a thin cut from the surface of a part containing residual stresses produces a change in strain on the surface. When the strains are measured as a function of the depth of the cut, residual stresses near the surface can be estimated using the compliance method. In previous work, the unknown residual stress field was represented by a series of continuous polynomials. The present paper shows that for stress states with steep gradients, superior predictions are obtained by using “overlapping piecewise functions” to represent the stresses. The stability of the method under the influence of random errors and a zero shift is demonstrated by numerical simulation.
Three-phase composite backing materials for piezoelectric broadband transducers (1983)

An accepted technique of producing a broadband ultrasonic signal is by using a piezoelectric crystal backed with a material having a high attenuation and an impedance close to that of the crystal. For this purpose two-phase composites are widely in use, usually consisting of an epoxy matrix and a tungsten powder filler. The tungsten/epoxy is used for its potential in providing a large range of impedances between 3×105 and 1000×105 g/cm2 s, with sufficiently high attenuation. The characteristic curve of impedance versus volume fraction shows a very slow increase in impedance for increasing volume fraction of tungsten up to about 80% above which a sharp increase occurs. To obtain the necessary high impedances of about 25×105 to 30×105 g/cm2 s requires a high volume fraction of tungsten, which is subject to physical packing limits. Moreover, the steep slope in this range makes reproducibility of backing impedance difficult to obtain. These obstacles are common to all two-phase combinations which serve as potential backing materials. In this recent work, it was found that addition of a third phase allows a significant reduction in the volume fraction of the fillers and produces an impedance curve having a relatively low slope. Thus, it provides an important design tool for tailoring transducer characteristics. The analytical results have been verified for several three-phase mixtures and show very good agreement with experimental data.
Design of high-energy THz sources based on optical rectification (2009)

Different materials suitable for optical rectification are compared in terms of maximal THz generation efficiency and the spectral content. Semiconductors can be advantageous for generating higher-frequency THz pulses; however, the relative spectral width is typically smaller than that in LiNbO <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3</sub> . Furthermore, it is shown that imaging errors in the tilted-pulse-front pumping scheme can lead to a THz beam with strong divergence and asymmetric intensity profile, thereby limiting applications. Optimized setup parameters were found to reduce such distortions.
Peak-to-mean power control in OFDM, Golay complementary sequences, and Reed-Muller codes (1999)

We present a range of coding schemes for OFDM transmission using binary, quaternary, octary, and higher order modulation that give high code rates for moderate numbers of carriers. These schemes have tightly bounded peak-to-mean envelope power ratio (PMEPR) and simultaneously have good error correction capability. The key theoretical result is a previously unrecognized connection between Golay complementary sequences and second-order Reed-Muller codes over alphabets Z/sub 2/h. We obtain additional flexibility in trading off code rate, PMEPR, and error correction capability by partitioning the second-order Reed-Muller code into cosets such that codewords with large values of PMEPR are isolated. For all the proposed schemes we show that encoding is straightforward and give an efficient decoding algorithm involving multiple fast Hadamard transforms. Since the coding schemes are all based on the same formal generator matrix we can deal adaptively with varying channel constraints and evolving system requirements.
Synthetic aperture tomographic phase microscopy for 3D imaging of live cells in translational motion (2008)

We present a technique for 3D imaging of live cells in translational motion without need of axial scanning of objective lens. A set of transmitted electric field images of cells at successive points of transverse translation is taken with a focused beam illumination. Based on Hyugens' principle, angular plane waves are synthesized from E-field images of a focused beam. For a set of synthesized angular plane waves, we apply a filtered back-projection algorithm and obtain 3D maps of refractive index of live cells. This technique, which we refer to as synthetic aperture tomographic phase microscopy, can potentially be combined with flow cytometry or microfluidic devices, and will enable high throughput acquisition of quantitative refractive index data from large numbers of cells.
Low-Complexity, Nonintrusive Speech Quality Assessment (2006)

Monitoring of speech quality in emerging heterogeneous networks is of great interest to network operators. The most efficient way to satisfy such a need is through nonintrusive, objective speech quality assessment. In this paper, we describe a low-complexity algorithm for monitoring the speech quality over a network. The features used in the proposed algorithm can be computed from commonly used speech-coding parameters. Reconstruction and perceptual transformation of the signal is not performed. The critical advantage of the approach lies in generating quality assessment ratings without explicit distortion modeling. The results from the performed experiments indicate that the proposed nonintrusive objective quality measure performs better than the ITU-T P.563 standard
Arbitrarily accurate composite pulse sequences (2004)

Systematic errors in quantum operations can be the dominating source of imperfection in achieving control over quantum systems. This problem, which has been well studied in nuclear magnetic resonance, can be addressed by replacing single operations with composite sequences of pulsed operations, which cause errors to cancel by symmetry. Remarkably, this can be achieved without knowledge of the amount of error $ϵ$. Independent of the initial state of the system, current techniques allow the error to be reduced to $O({ϵ}^{3})$. Here, we extend the composite pulse technique to cancel errors to $O({ϵ}^{n})$, for arbitrary $n$.
Hyper-hitchcock (2003)

To simplify the process of editing interactive video, we developed the concept of "detail-on-demand" video as a subset of general hypervideo. Detail-on-demand video keeps the authoring and viewing interfaces relatively simple while supporting a wide range of interactive video applications. Our editor, Hyper-Hitchcock, provides a direct manipulation environment in which authors can combine video clips and place hyperlinks between them. To summarize a video, Hyper-Hitchcock can also automatically generate a hypervideo composed of multiple video summary levels and navigational links between these summaries and the original video. Viewers may interactively select the amount of detail they see, access more detailed summaries, and navigate to the source video through the summary.
CW optical parametric oscillator pumped by a distributed feedback fiber laser (2004)

We have demonstrated a continuous wave optical parametric oscillator pumped by a distributed feedback fiber laser. 400 mW single frequency output at 1.8 and 2.7 pm was generated.. Summary Fiber lasers provide near-ideal characteristics for nonlinear frequency conversion. Recently, distributed feedback fiber lasers and large mode area fiber amplifers have enabled demonstration of continuously tunable single frequency output, and up to 100 Watts power in diffraction limited, single frequency output (I). We have performed the first demonstration of optical parametric oscillation pumped by an all-fiber source based on a distributed feedback fiber oscillator (figure 1). This device provides up to 400 milliwatts single frequency output at 1.8 and 2.7~.
Quasi Real-Time Summarization for Consumer Videos (2014)

With the widespread availability of video cameras, we are facing an ever-growing enormous collection of unedited and unstructured video data. Due to lack of an automatic way to generate summaries from this large collection of consumer videos, they can be tedious and time consuming to index or search. In this work, we propose online video highlighting, a principled way of generating short video summarizing the most important and interesting contents of an unedited and unstructured video, costly both time-wise and financially for manual processing. Specifically, our method learns a dictionary from given video using group sparse coding, and updates atoms in the dictionary on-the-fly. A summary video is then generated by combining segments that cannot be sparsely reconstructed using the learned dictionary. The online fashion of our proposed method enables it to process arbitrarily long videos and start generating summaries before seeing the end of the video. Moreover, the processing time required by our proposed method is close to the original video length, achieving quasi real-time summarization speed. Theoretical analysis, together with experimental results on more than 12 hours of surveillance and YouTube videos are provided, demonstrating the effectiveness of online video highlighting.
Cold acclimation induces rapid and dynamic changes in freeze tolerance mechanisms in the cryophile <i>Deschampsia antarctica</i> E. Desv. (2011)

The cryophilic Antarctic hair grass, Deschampsia antarctica E. Desv., one of two higher plants indigenous to Antarctica, represents a unique resource for the study of freeze tolerance mechanisms. We have previously characterized a multi-gene family in D. antarctica encoding ice recrystallization inhibition proteins (IRIPs) whose transcript levels are responsive to cold acclimation, and whose products confer ice recrystallization inhibition (RI) activity that can account for activity seen in cold acclimated plants. We used molecular and physiological analyses to investigate temporal responses of D. antarctica to cold acclimation and de-acclimation, and sub-zero acclimation. Quantitative profiling revealed that IRIP transcript levels significantly increased and decreased within hours of cold acclimation and de-acclimation, respectively, becoming up to 1000-fold more abundant in fully acclimated plants. Western analysis detected three major immuno-reactive bands whose pattern of accumulation mirrored that of transcript. These data correlated with the onset and decline of RI activity in acclimated and de-acclimated leaves. Plant survival-based testing revealed that cold acclimation enhanced freeze tolerance by 5 °C within 4 d, and that sub-zero acclimation conferred an additional 3 °C of tolerance. Thus, D. antarctica is highly responsive to temperature fluctuations, able to rapidly deploy IRIP based RI activity and enhance its freeze tolerance.
Quantitation of the factor VII- and single-chain plasminogen activator-activating protease in plasmas of healthy subjects (2001)

Plasma samples of 189 healthy subjects were investigated for antigen levels of the recently reported factor VII- and single-chain plasminogen activator-activating protease (FSAP) and the corresponding pro-urokinase activating potencies. While the age of donors had no significant effect on the investigated parameters, female plasmas revealed a trend to higher antigen contents and activity levels. Surprisingly, as much as 9% of all samples contained significantly reduced single-chain urinary plasminogen activator activating potential, whereas antigen concentrations were normal. Additionally, 1% of the plasmas was found to decrease in both FSAP antigen and activity contents. FSAP of three subjects displaying reduced activities throughout a follow-up period of 6 months were purified from plasmas and were characterized. As compared with pool plasma derived FSAP, investigation of the individual preparations confirmed their reduced potency to activate pro-urokinase. However, factor VII activation was not affected. It is speculated that the FSAP binding site for single-chain plasminogen activators is affected, potentially by as yet unknown polymorphism(s) or mutation(s).
Discovery of serum biomarkers of ovarian cancer using complementary proteomic profiling strategies (2014)

The candidate biomarkers warrant further validation in independent sample sets.
The HCMV Gene Products US11 and US2 Differ in Their Ability to Attack Allelic Forms of Murine Major Histocompatibility Complex (MHC) Class I Heavy Chains (1997)

Human cytomegalovirus downregulates the expression of human class I major histocompatibility complex (MHC) molecules by accelerating destruction of newly synthesized class I heavy chains. The HCMV genome contains at least two genes, US11 and US2, each of which encode a product sufficient for causing the dislocation of newly synthesized class I heavy chains from the lumen of the endoplasmic reticulum to the cytosol. Based on a comparison of their abilities to degrade the murine class I molecules H-2Kb, Kd, Db, Dd, and Ld, the US11 and US2 gene products have non-identical specificities for class I molecules. Specifically, in human astrocytoma cells (U373-MG) transfected with the US11 gene, the Kb, Db, Dd, and Ld molecules expressed via recombinant vaccinia virus are rapidly degraded, whereas in US2-transfected cells, only Db and Dd are significantly destabilized. The diversity in HCMV-encoded functions that interfere with class I-restricted presentation likely evolved in response to the polymorphism of the MHC.
ATF6 Activated by Proteolysis Binds in the Presence of NF-Y (CBF) Directly to the<i>cis</i>-Acting Element Responsible for the Mammalian Unfolded Protein Response (2000)

Transcription of genes encoding molecular chaperones and folding enzymes in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) is induced by accumulation of unfolded proteins in the ER. This intracellular signaling, known as the unfolded protein response (UPR), is mediated by the cis-acting ER stress response element (ERSE) in mammals. In addition to ER chaperones, the mammalian transcription factor CHOP (also called GADD153) is induced by ER stress. We report here that the transcription factor XBP-1 (also called TREB5) is also induced by ER stress and that induction of CHOP and XBP-1 is mediated by ERSE. The ERSE consensus sequence is CCAAT-N(9)-CCACG. As the general transcription factor NF-Y (also known as CBF) binds to CCAAT, CCACG is considered to provide specificity in the mammalian UPR. We recently found that the basic leucine zipper protein ATF6 isolated as a CCACG-binding protein is synthesized as a transmembrane protein in the ER, and ER stress-induced proteolysis produces a soluble form of ATF6 that translocates into the nucleus. We report here that overexpression of soluble ATF6 activates transcription of the CHOP and XBP-1 genes as well as of ER chaperone genes constitutively, whereas overexpression of a dominant negative mutant of ATF6 blocks the induction by ER stress. Furthermore, we demonstrated that soluble ATF6 binds directly to CCACG only when CCAAT exactly 9 bp upstream of CCACG is bound to NF-Y. Based on these and other findings, we concluded that specific and direct interactions between ATF6 and ERSE are critical for transcriptional induction not only of ER chaperones but also of CHOP and XBP-1.
Decreased salivary lactoferrin levels are specific to Alzheimer's disease (2020)

Instituto de Salud Carlos III (FIS15/00780, FIS18/00118), FEDER, Comunidad de Madrid (S2017/BMD-3700; NEUROMETAB-CM), and CIBERNED (PI2016/01) to E.C.; Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness (SAF2017-85310-R) to J.L.C., and (PSI2017-85311-P) to M.A.; International Centre on ageing CENIE-POCTEP (0348_CIE_6_E) to M.A.; Instituto de Salud Carlos III (PIE16/00021, PI17/01799), to H.B.
Real-Time Indoor Localization in Smart Homes Using Semi-Supervised Learning (2017)

Long-term automated monitoring of residential or small in- dustrial properties is an important task within the broader scope of human activity recognition. We present a device- free wifi-based localization system for smart indoor spaces, developed in a collaboration between McGill University and Aerˆıal Technologies. The system relies on existing wifi net- work signals and semi-supervised learning, in order to au- tomatically detect entrance into a residential unit, and track the location of a moving subject within the sensing area. The implemented real-time monitoring platform works by detect- ing changes in the characteristics of the wifi signals collected via existing off-the-shelf wifi-enabled devices in the environ- ment. This platform has been deployed in several apartments in the Montreal area, and the results obtained show the poten- tial of this technology to turn any regular home with an ex- isting wifi network into a smart home equipped with intruder alarm and room-level location detector. The machine learn- ing component has been devised so as to minimize the need for user annotation and overcome temporal instabilities in the input signals. We use a semi-supervised learning framework which works in two phases. First, we build a base learner for mapping wifi signals to different physical locations in the en- vironment from a small amount of labeled data; during its lifetime, the learner automatically re-trains when the uncer- tainty level rises significantly, without the need for further supervision. This paper describes the technical and practical issues arising in the design and implementation of such a sys- tem for real residential units, and illustrates its performance during on-going deployment.
A Process for Preparing 1,3-Diamino-5-Pentafluorosulfanylbenzene and Polymers Therefrom (1991)

Diamines have shown their utility in the formation of many polymers. Examples of these polymers include polyimides, polyamides, and epoxies. The properties of these polymers are often dependent on the diamine which is used to make the polymer. By the present invention, a process was developed to make a diamine containing pentafluorosulfanylbenzene moiety. This process involves two steps: the preparation of a dinitro precursor and the reduction of the dinitro compound to form the diamine. This diamine was then reacted with various dianhydrides, diacidchlorides, and epoxy resins to yield the corresponding polyimide, polyamide, and epoxy polymers. These polymers were then used to make films, a wire coating enamel, and a semi-permeable membrane. The novelty of this invention resides in the process to make the diamine. Traditionally, dinitro compounds are reduced with hydrazine or a catalyst such as palladium on charcoal. The catalyst which is used in this invention is platinum oxide. When this catalyst is used, it makes it possible to form a polymer-grade diamine.
Thorium doped iridium alloy for radioisotope heat sources. [Patent application] (1977)

A novel iridium alloy containing 100 to 500 ppM thorium has enhanced impact properties over undoped iridium and over prior art iridium alloys. The alloy shows high impact resistance at low temperatures and after long term exposure to high temperature, and it shows an enhanced resistance to grain growth.
Hydrogel microphones for stealthy underwater listening (2016)

Exploring the abundant resources in the ocean requires underwater acoustic detectors with a high-sensitivity reception of low-frequency sound from greater distances and zero reflections. Here we address both challenges by integrating an easily deformable network of metal nanoparticles in a hydrogel matrix for use as a cavity-free microphone. Since metal nanoparticles can be densely implanted as inclusions, and can even be arranged in coherent arrays, this microphone can detect static loads and air breezes from different angles, as well as underwater acoustic signals from 20 Hz to 3 kHz at amplitudes as low as 4 Pa. Unlike dielectric capacitors or cavity-based microphones that respond to stimuli by deforming the device in thickness directions, this hydrogel device responds with a transient modulation of electric double layers, resulting in an extraordinary sensitivity (217 nF kPa(-1) or 24 μC N(-1) at a bias of 1.0 V) without using any signal amplification tools.