gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Paradoxical changes in innate immunity in aging: recent progress and new directions (2015)

Immunosenescence, describing alterations, including decline of immune responses with age, is comprised of inappropriate elevations, decreases, and dysregulated immune responses, leading to more severe consequences of bacterial and viral infections and reduced responses to vaccination. In adaptive immunity, these changes include increased proportions of antigen-experienced B and T cells at the cost of naïve cell populations. Innate immune changes in aging are complex in spanning multiple cell types, activation states, and tissue context. Innate immune responses are dampened in aging, yet there is also a paradoxical increase in certain signaling pathways and cytokine levels. Here, we review recent progress and highlight novel directions for expected advances that can lead the aging field to a new era of discovery that will embrace the complexity of aging in human populations.
Formation of Phosphate/Permanganate Conversion Coating on AZ31 Magnesium Alloy (2006)

The properties of conversion coating on magnesium can be closely related to its microstructure and composition. This study investigated the evolution and microstructure of phosphate/permanganate conversion coating on AZ31 magnesium alloy. Results show that increasing the solution temperature reduced the growth rate of the coating. The temperature effect lies in the different structure associated with the coating layer contacting the substrate: a porous layer mainly composed of magnesium, aluminum hydroxides/phosphate formed in the solution at 40°C, while a compact magnesium oxide layer formed in the solution at 80°C. The formation mechanism of phosphate/permanganate coating was discussed in detail, with emphasis on the effect of the solution temperature.
Germ line transformation of the olive fly <i>Bactrocera oleae</i> using a versatile transgenesis marker (2006)

The olive fruit fly (olive fly) Bactrocera oleae (Dacus), recently introduced in North America, is the most destructive pest of olives worldwide. The lack of an efficient gene transfer technology for olive fly has hampered molecular analysis, as well as development of genetic techniques for its control. We have developed a Minos-based transposon vector carrying a self-activating cassette which overexpresses the enhanced green fluorescent protein (EGFP). Efficient transposase-mediated integration of one to multiple copies of this vector was achieved in the germ line of B. oleae by coinjecting the vector along with in vitro synthesized Minos transposase mRNA into preblastoderm embryos. The self-activating gene construct combined with transposase mRNA present a system with potential for transgenesis of very diverse species.
The x‐ray light valve: A potentially low‐cost, digital radiographic imaging system—a liquid crystal cell design for chest radiography (2008)

Digital x-ray radiographic systems are desirable as they offer high quality images which can be processed, transferred, and stored without secondary steps. However, current clinical systems are extraordinarily expensive in comparison to film-based systems. Thus, there is a need for an economical digital imaging system for general radiology. The x-ray light valve (XLV) is a novel digital x-ray detector concept with the potential for high image quality and low cost. The XLV is comprised of a photoconductive detector layer and liquid crystal (LC) cell physically coupled in a sandwich structure. Upon exposure to x rays, charge is collected at the surface of the photoconductor, causing a change in the reflective properties of the LC cell. The visible image so formed can subsequently be digitized with an optical scanner. By choosing the properties of the LC cell in combination with the appropriate photoconductor thickness and bias potentials, the XLV can be optimized for various diagnostic imaging tasks. Specifically for chest radiography, we identified three potentially practical reflective cell designs by selecting from those commonly used in LC display technology. The relationship between reflectance and x-ray exposure (i.e., the characteristic curve) was determined for all three cells using a theoretical model. The results indicate that the reflective electrically controlled birefringence (r-ECB) cell is the preferred choice for chest radiography, provided that the characteristic curve can be shifted towards lower exposures. The feasibility of the shift of the characteristic curve is shown experimentally. The experimental results thus demonstrate that an XLV based on the r-ECB cell design exhibits a characteristic curve suitable for chest radiography.
Rate adaptation of QT intervals during and after exercise in children with congenital long QT syndrome (1998)

After exercise in long QT syndrome children the QT interval lengthens abnormally and inhomogeneity of repolarization increases. Evaluation of the QT interval, and especially its late portion after exercise, may help in establishing the diagnosis of long QT syndrome.
Fluidic hydrogen detector production prototype development (1976)

A hydrogen gas sensor that can replace catalytic combustion sensors used to detect leaks in the liquid hydrogen transfer systems at Kennedy Space Center was developed. A fluidic sensor concept, based on the principle that the frequency of a fluidic oscillator is proportional to the square root of the molecular weight of its operating fluid, was utilized. To minimize sensitivity to pressure and temperature fluctuations, and to make the sensor specific for hydrogen, two oscillators are used. One oscillator operates on sample gas containing hydrogen, while the other operates on sample gas with the hydrogen converted to steam. The conversion is accomplished with a small catalytic converter. The frequency difference is taken, and the hydrogen concentration computed with a simple digital processing circuit. The output from the sensor is an analog signal proportional to hydrogen content. The sensor is shown to be accurate and insensitive to severe environmental disturbances. It is also specific for hydrogen, even with large helium concentrations in the sample gas.
Self-Learning Model Based on Dominance-Based Rough Set Approach (2014)

In order to improve the processing ability for inconsistent preference-ordered information systems,the dominance-based rough set approach(DRSA)has been extended to variableconsistency dominance-based rough set approach(VC-DRSA).VC-DRSA can tolerate some inconsistency through set a threshold value of consistency level and its classification performance is affected by the threshold value.The threshold value,however,is usually set according to prior domain knowledge or by a tail-and-error procedure which restricts the applications of the algorithm to a large extent.To address learning uncertain knowledge automatically driving by the monotonic information systems themselves,the inadequacies of VC-DRSA are analyzed.The integral certainty measure, maximum integral certainty measure,integral uncertainty measure and minimum integral uncertainty measure of ordered information system are defined.Furthermore,the maximum certainty of every class union is measured and a corresponding computing algorithm is proposed.Based on them,a self-learning model based on DRSA is proposed which using the max uncertainty coefficients of every class union as the consistency threshold value respectively.In this model,knowledge can be learned automatically without depending on prior domain knowledge.Besides,it strengthens the adaptability for dealing with inconsistent information systems.Through comparing with the existing algorithms,the efficiency of this self-learning method is illustrated.Especially,we found that the method has advantages for dealing with high inconsistency preference-ordered information systems.
Predicting the effect of cognitive therapy for depression: A study of unique and common factors. (1996)

The ability of several process variables to predict therapy outcome was tested with 30 depressed clients who received cognitive therapy with or without medication. Two types of process variables were studied: 1 variable that is unique to cognitive therapy and 2 variables that this approach is assumed to share with other forms of treatment. The client's improvement was found to be predicted by the 2 common factors measured: the therapeutic alliance and the client's emotional involvement (experiencing). The results also indicated, however, that a unique aspect of cognitive therapy (i.e., therapist's focus on the impact of distorted cognitions on depressive symptoms) correlated negatively with outcome at the end of treatment. Descriptive analyses that were conducted to understand this negative correlation suggest that therapists sometimes increased their adherence to cognitive rationales and techniques to correct problems in the therapeutic alliance. Such increased focus, however, seems to worsen alliance strains, thereby interfering with therapeutic change.
In Vitro Infection of Human Macrophages by Human T-Cell Leukemia/Lymphotropic Virus Type I (HTLV-I) (1992)

HTLV-I is associated with a neurological syndrome designated Tropical Spastic Paraparesis/HTLV-I associated myelopathy (TSP/HAM). To determine whether HTLV-I can replicate in human primary macrophages and thus contribute to HTLV-I dissemination in the nervous system, elutriated human macrophages were infected cell-free with the HTLV-ICR and HTLV-IBOU isolates from patients with adult T-cell leukemia and TSP/HAM, respectively. Viral production was monitored by measuring the viral p24 gag antigen in the cell culture supernatant, by electron microscopy (EM) and by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) on viral DNA and RNA. The HTLV-I p24 gag antigen was detected 21 days after infection with either isolate, and the presence of mature viral particles was demonstrated by electron microscopy one month after infection. Viral sequences were amplified by PCR analysis of the infected macrophages' DNA. Spliced mRNAs for the p40tax and p27rex proteins, as well as the p12I, and p30II proteins encoded by the pX region were readily identified by reverse transcriptase PCR. Altogether, these data indicate that HTLV-I replication occurs in vitro in primary human macrophages. Whether macrophage infection occurs also in vivo and is a crucial step in the induction of the neurological manifestations observed in TSP/HAM remains an open question.
Wawacan Samun, Salah Satu Cerita dalam Kesenian Gaok di daerah Majalengka: Edisi Teks dan Terjemahan (2012)

Penelitian ini berjudul Samun, Salah Satu Cerita dalam Kesenian Gaok Dari Daerah Majalengka: Edisi Teks dan Tujuan dari penelitian ini menyajikan identifikasi naskah, kasus salah tulis, suntingan teks Wawacan Samun (WS), dan terjemahannya dalam Bahasa Indonesia. Sumber data yang digunakan, sebuah naskah WS beraksara Latin, berbahasa Sunda, puisi wawacan. Pemilik naskah saat ini adalah Bapak Rukmin seorang dalang dalam Kesenian Gaok di dusun Tarikolot, desa Kulur, kecamatan Sindangkasih, kabupaten Majalengka. Metode kajian filologis yang digunakan adalah metode edisi naskah tunggal, edisi standar. Bentuk-bentuk penyimpangan yang ditemukan, diantaranya: substitusi, meliputi substitusi vokal dan substitusi konsonan sejumlah 7,272%. Omisi meliputi omisi vokal, omisi konsonan, omisi suku kata, omisi kata, omisi tanda padalisan, omisi padalisan, omisi tanda pada dan haplografi sejumlah 52,196%. Adisi, meliputi adisi vokal, adisi konsonan, adisi suku kata, adisi kata dan ditografi sejumlah 33,257%. Transposisi, meliputi transposisi gurulagu, transposisi kata, trasposisi urutan kata dan metatesis sejumlah 7,272%. Kemungkinan penyimpangan ini disebabkan karena kekurang telitian atau dipengaruhi oleh penyajian dalam Kesenian Gaok. Teks WS telah diedisi dalam satua-satuan bait sejumlah 972 dengan 52 pupuh. Beberapa pupuh tidak memenuhi aturan pupuh yang berlaku, di antaranya: Pupuh Sinom, Dangdanggula, Asmarandana, Pangkur, Durma, dan Gambuh. Hal ini merupakan keunikan konvensi pupuh. Kata kunci: Naskah Wawacan Samun, Kritik Teks, Edisi Teks dan Terjemahan.
A3.2 - Design, modeling and identification of an ultrasonic composite transducer for target impedance independent short pulse generation (2013)

The design and modeling of an ultrasonic 1-3-composite transducer is presented. We describe a successive identification method of the complete transducer, consisting of a front protection layer, a backing and an electrical matching network. Furthermore we discuss the influence of the internal impedance of the electrical source driving the transducer. The aim of this contribution is to provide a complete identified transducer model, to characterize influences of the assembling process to the electro-mechanical behavior and finally to design a high bandwidth composite transducer.
Extended cavity perturbation technique to determine the complex permittivity of dielectric materials (1995)

An improved measurement technique to determine the complex dielectric properties of materials has been developed that extends the validity of the conventional cavity perturbation technique for circular cylindrical rod-shaped samples in circular cylindrical cavities resonating in TM/sub 0n0/ modes. The method is particularly useful for the dielectric characterization of fragile, low-loss materials that are difficult to machine to typically required thin dimensions. The method further allows for multi-frequency measurements using higher-order radial modes and somewhat alleviates the very small cavity dimensions typically required by the conventional perturbation technique at higher microwave frequencies. A validity criterion for the extended method is given. Measurements of the complex permittivity of NaCl single crystals are presented, showing excellent agreement with theory.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Field programmable gate array key to reconfigurable array outperforming supercomputers (2002)

In order to solve the problem of mapping the human genome and other similar problems, the Supercomputing Research Center (SRC) developed SPLASH, a reconfigurable linear logic array. The SPLASH system gives a Sun workstation better than supercomputer performance on certain classes of problems. SPLASH's performance can surpass that of the Cray 2 by a factor of 325. Field-programmable gate arrays (FPGAs) were used to build SPLASH, which is efficient like a specialized board, yet flexible like a supercomputer. The SPLASH system consists of software and hardware which plugs into two slots of a Sun workstation. The types of problems SRC is able to solve with SPLASH, why traditional solutions were not practical, and how FPGA technology allowed SRC to build SPLASH are discussed.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Preclinical Safety Studies of Enadenotucirev, a Chimeric Group B Human-Specific Oncolytic Adenovirus (2017)

Enadenotucirev is an oncolytic group B adenovirus identified by a process of bio-selection for the ability to selectively propagate in and rapidly kill carcinoma cells. It is resistant to inactivation by human blood components, potentially enabling intravenous dosing in patients with metastatic cancer. However, there are no known permissive animal models described for group B adenoviruses that could facilitate a conventional approach to preclinical safety studies. In this manuscript, we describe our tailored preclinical strategy designed to evaluate the key biological properties of enadenotucirev. As enadenotucirev does not replicate in animal cells, a panel of primary human cells was used to evaluate enadenotucirev replication selectivity in vitro, demonstrating that virus genome levels were >100-fold lower in normal cells relative to tumor cells. Acute intravenous tolerability in mice was used to assess virus particle-mediated toxicology and effects on innate immunity. These studies showed that particle toxicity could be ameliorated by dose fractionation, using an initial dose of virus to condition the host such that cytokine responses to subsequent doses were significantly attenuated. This, in turn, supported the initiation of a phase I intravenous clinical trial with a starting dose of 1 × 10<sup>10</sup> virus particles given on days 1, 3, and 5.
The Association between Integrin-associated Protein and SHPS-1 Regulates Insulin-like Growth Factor-I Receptor Signaling in Vascular Smooth Muscle Cells (2020)

Growth factor signaling is usually analyzed in isolation without considering the effect of ligand occupancy of transmembrane proteins other than the growth factor receptors themselves. In smooth muscle cells, the transmembrane protein Src homology 2 domain containing protein tyrosine phosphatase substrate-1 (SHPS-1) has been shown to be an important regulator of insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I) signaling. SHPS-1 is phosphorylated in response to IGF-I, leading to recruitment of Src homology 2 domain tyrosine phosphatase (SHP-2). Subsequently, SHP-2 is transferred to IGF-I receptor and regulates the duration of IGF-I receptor phosphorylation. Whether ligand occupancy of SHPS-1 influences SHPS-1 phosphorylation or SHP-2 recruitment, thereby altering growth factor signaling, is unknown. Previous studies have shown that integrin associated protein (IAP) associates with SHPS-1. We undertook these studies to determine whether this interaction controlled SHPS-1 phosphorylation and/or SHP-2 recruitment and thereby regulated IGF-I signaling. Disruption of IAP-SHPS-1 binding, by using an IAP monoclonal antibody or cells expressing mutant forms of IAP that did not bind to SHPS-1, inhibited IGF-I–stimulated SHPS-1 phosphorylation and SHP-2 recruitment. This was associated with a lack of SHP-2 transfer to IGF-I receptor and sustained receptor phosphorylation. This resulted in an inability of IGF-I to stimulate sustained mitogen-activated protein kinase activation, cell proliferation, and cell migration. The effect was specific for IGF-I because disruption of the IAP–SHPS-1 interaction had no effect on platelet-derived growth factor-stimulated SHPS-1 phosphorylation or cell migration. In summary, our results show that 1) ligand occupancy of SHPS-1 is a key determinant of its ability to be phosphorylated after IGF-I stimulation, and 2) the interaction between IAP and SHPS-1 is an important regulator of IGF-I signaling because disruption of the results in impaired SHP-2 recruitment and subsequent inhibition of IGF-I–stimulated cell proliferation and migration.
A control system of driver assistance and human following for smart wheelchair (2014)

Driver assistance is one of the major tasks on smart wheelchair development. However, human following is also necessary in real application. In this paper, a control system of driver assistance and human following for smart wheelchair is presented. Driver assistance can keep the wheelchair from stairs falling and obstacle collision when the user is driving the wheelchair in complex environments with unknown obstacles. Human following can guarantee the wheelchair to follow the user with a suitable distance when the user wants to walk along by himself. The target occlusion problem caused by obstacle avoidance during human following can also be effectively solved by the use of odometry data. Both the driver assistance and human following are based on shared control strategy. And since the sensor used is ultrasound, instead of LRF, the proposed system is low-cost and can be easily implemented in real applications. The system is developed and tested on JiaoLong smart wheelchair. Experiment results show that the proposed system can improve user's driving ability in driver assistance task and it can control the wheelchair to keep a suitable distance with the target human. And it can effectively handle the target occlusion problem when it has to avoid obstacle in human following task.
Cytoplasmic Accumulation and Aggregation of TDP-43 upon Proteasome Inhibition in Cultured Neurons (2011)

Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) and frontotemporal lobar degeneration (FTLD) are characterized by intraneuronal deposition of the nuclear TAR DNA-binding protein 43 (TDP-43) caused by unknown mechanisms. Here, we studied TDP-43 in primary neurons under different stress conditions and found that only proteasome inhibition by MG-132 or lactacystin could induce significant cytoplasmic accumulation of TDP-43, a histopathological hallmark in disease. This cytoplasmic accumulation was accompanied by phosphorylation, ubiquitination and aggregation of TDP-43, recapitulating major features of disease. Proteasome inhibition produced similar effects in both hippocampal and cortical neurons, as well as in immortalized motor neurons. To determine the contribution of TDP-43 to cell death, we reduced TDP-43 expression using small interfering RNA (siRNA), and found that reduced levels of TDP-43 dose-dependently rendered neurons more vulnerable to MG-132. Taken together, our data suggests a role for the proteasome in subcellular localization of TDP-43, and possibly in disease.
A General PLL-Type Algorithm for Speed Sensorless Control of Electrical Drives (2017)

Speed control of electrical drives without additional speed sensors is preferable in terms of cost and maintenance effort. Common approaches are either simple but inaccurate with deteriorated drive performance in the low-speed range, or they offer full torque even at zero speed at the cost of high implementation effort and parameter sensitivity. Moreover, most of the suggested solutions are tailor made for specific machine types. The proposed method constitutes a simple phase-locked-loop-type sensorless algorithm that can be related to the former category. The outstanding feature of the presented method is its effectiveness and simplicity at the same time. This paper presents corresponding design guidelines for an easy to implement and robust speed sensorless control algorithm for all kinds of electrical machines that includes induction machines as well as synchronous reluctance machines with and without extra/permanent excitation.
Two-Photon Excitation Imaging of Glucose Metabolism in Living Tissue (1997)

Abstract Two-photon excitation microscopy (TPEM) provides attractive advantages over confocal microscopy for three-dimensionally resolved fluorescence imaging and photochemistry. It provides three-dimensional resolution and eliminates background equivalent to an ideal confocal microscope without requiring a confocal spatial filter, whose absence enhances fluorescence collection efficiency. This results in inherent submicron optical sectioning by excitation alone. In practice, TPEM is made possible by the very high local instantaneous intensity provided by a combination of diffraction-limited focusing of a single laser beam in the microscope and the temporal concentration of 100 femtosecond pulses generated by a mode-locked laser. Resultant peak excitation intensities are 106 times greater than the CW intensities used in confocal microscopy, but the pulse duty cycle of 10−5 limits the average input power to less than 10 mW, only slightly greater than the power normally used in confocal microscopy. Because of the intensity-squared dependence of the two-photon absorption, the excitation is limited to the focal volume.