gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Queueing network modeling of signaling system No.7 (2002)

A queuing network model for the common channel signaling network signaling system No.7 (SS7) is formulated. The model is described by a number of generic descriptive parameters that are mapped into queuing network constructs, and takes into account the signaling connection control part (SCCP) and the various levels of the message transfer part (MTP). The various parameters take into account the physical topology of the signaling network, the various protocols that may be used in each of the levels, and the manner in which a particular hardware architecture distributes the available processing capacity among the functional levels. The resulting model is solved using a previously developed iterative decomposition algorithm. The formulated queuing network model and the accompanying solution algorithm may be used to evaluate the end-to-end performance of telecommunication services that make use of the communication services provided by the SCCP and MTP.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Study on Microencapsulation Technology of the Lost Circulation Material for the Oil Field (2003)

The volume of highly-water-absorbed solid particles increases greatly after they absorb water. Thus, they are very difficult to be microencapsulated. In this paper, highly-water-absorbed solid particles were used as core materials, and the harden fat (HF) as the appropriate wall-material was chosen to produce the microcapsules. Fluidized-bed spraycoating method was chosen to produce the lost circulation material microcapsules for the oil field. The applicability of the wall material HF was verified. The effects of the flowrate of the wall-material and the pressed air, the height of the nozzle and the size of the core-material on the capsule wall thickness as well as the surface characteristics of the microcapsule, were studied. The optimal process parameters to produce lost circulation material microcapsules for the oil field were determined as follows: the flowrate of the wall-material Q =122mLh-1, the flowrate of the pressed air q =0.76m3h-1, the height of the nozzle H=11.5cm, the size of the core-material dp=0.454mm. The optimal membrane thickness obtained under those optimal parameters mentioned above is 190~200mm.
Selbstschließende, nahtlose Sklerotomie zur Pars-plana-Vitrektomie (1999)

Self-sealing sclerotomies are a simple and atraumatic approach for wound closure in pars-plana vitrectomies and allow a control of intraocular pressure during surgery.
The effect of lathyrogen beta-amino proprionitrile (BAPN) on the mechanical properties of experimentally hypertrophied rat cardiac muscle. (1978)

yS-Amino proprionitrile (BAPN) at dietary concentrations of 1, 5, and 10 g BAPN/kg rat chow was administered to rats for 14-21 days following surgical constriction of the ascending aorta. Five and 10 g BAPN/kg rat chow prevented the increase in left ventricular collagen content which occurred with cardiac hypertrophy in rats following aortic constriction. In spite of this block in the increase in collagen in the ventricles, isolated trabecular muscles from hypertrophied hearts showed a decrease in maximum velocity of shortening at a preload of 0.5 g/mm 2 (max V) and an increase in time to peak tension as compared with values for sham-operated animals. Max V for rats with aortic constriction was decreased 0.57 muscle length/sec as compared with sham-operated animals (P< 0.01) whereas time to peak tension was prolonged by 12 msec (P < 0.05). In rats with aortic constriction receiving 10 g BAPN/kg rat chow, max V was decreased 0.66 muscle length/sec (P < 0.05), and time to peak tension was prolonged by 21 msec (P < 0.001). Resting tension was increased to 1.70 0.18 (mean SEM) g/mm 2 as compared with shams (1.22 0.10 g/mm 2 ; P < 0.002) in cardiac hypertrophy without BAPN. However, the increase in resting tension was not seen when animals with aortic constriction received 10 g BAPN/kg rat chow [1.23 0.9 g/mm 2 as compared with shams, 1.15 0.09 g/mm 2 (not significant)]. We conclude that the decrease in maximum velocity of shortening and prolongation of time to peak tension in experimental cardiac hypertrophy occur independently of elevated collagen content, whereas elevations in resting tension appear to depend upon an increase in collagen content of these hearts.
GrCAN: Gradient Boost Convolutional Autoencoder with Neural Decision Forest (2018)

Random forest and deep neural network are two schools of effective classification methods in machine learning. While the random forest is robust irrespective of the data domain, the deep neural network has advantages in handling high dimensional data. In view that a differentiable neural decision forest can be added to the neural network to fully exploit the benefits of both models, in our work, we further combine convolutional autoencoder with neural decision forest, where autoencoder has its advantages in finding the hidden representations of the input data. We develop a gradient boost module and embed it into the proposed convolutional autoencoder with neural decision forest to improve the performance. The idea of gradient boost is to learn and use the residual in the prediction. In addition, we design a structure to learn the parameters of the neural decision forest and gradient boost module at contiguous steps. The extensive experiments on several public datasets demonstrate that our proposed model achieves good efficiency and prediction performance compared with a series of baseline methods.
Ultrafast Self-Assembly of Sub-10 nm Block Copolymer Nanostructures by Solvent-Free High-Temperature Laser Annealing (2017)

Laser spike annealing was applied to PS-b-PDMS diblock copolymers to induce short-time (millisecond time scale), high-temperature (300 to 700 °C) microphase segregation and directed self-assembly of sub-10 nm features. Conditions were identified that enabled uniform microphase separation in the time frame of tens of milliseconds. Microphase ordering improved with increased temperature and annealing time, whereas phase separation contrast was lost for very short annealing times at high temperature. PMMA brush underlayers aided ordering under otherwise identical laser annealing conditions. Good long-range order for sub-10 nm cylinder morphology was achieved using graphoepitaxy coupled with a 20 ms dwell laser spike anneal above 440 °C.
Nitric Oxide Inhibitory Constituents from the Fruits of <i>Amomum tsao-ko</i> (2019)

Bioactivity-guided fractionation of MeOH extract of the dried fruits of Amomum tsao-ko led to isolation of nine compounds (1 -9). Their structures were elucidated by spectroscopic methods including extensive 1D and 2D-NMR, as alpinetin (1), naringenin-5-O-methyl ether (2), naringenin (3), hesperetin (4), 2',4',6'trihydroxy-4-methoxy chalcone (5), tsaokoin (6), boesenbergin B (7), 4-hydroxyboesenbergin B (8), and tsaokoarylone (9). Of these, compound 8 was isolated from a natural source for the first time, which was previously reported as a synthetic product. The isolated compounds (1 -9) were tested for their inhibitory effects on LPS-induced nitric oxide production in RAW 264.7 macrophages. Among them, three chalcone derivatives (compounds 5, 7, and 8) and a diarylheptanoid (compound 9) exhibited significant inhibitory activity on the NO production with IC 50 values ranging from 10.9 to 22.5 M.
ANALYSIS OF A TAPERED PHASED ARRAY TRANSDUCER FOR 3-D IMAGING APPLICATIONS (1991)

The tapered phased may (TPA) transducer consists of a linear array of piezoelectric elements which possess a linearly tapered thickness. In the transmit mode, the region of excitation along the elevation dimension of a tapered element is centered around that section having a resonance thickness corresponds to the center frequency of the applied pulse. Reciprocally, in the receive mode, the frequency spectrum of the detected echoes can be used to obtain information from the elevation dimension of the object being imaged. Thus, three-dimensional imaging is possible with a TPA. An analysis of an experimental verification and its implications will be discussed.
WHAT TYPE OF CARTILAGE REPAIR ARE WE ATTEMPTING TO ATTAIN? (2003)

Articular cartilage allows active articulation of diarthrodial joints. This is made possible by a unique set of properties afforded by a very specialized macromolecular organization of an extensive extracellular matrix that is secreted by chondrocytes. Cells within the superficial layer of the cartilage secrete a special lubricant that, together with hyaluronic acid in the synovial fluid, creates an almost frictionless articulation. Articular cartilage is integrated with subchondral bone, the interface of which is partly calcified. Peripherally, cartilage gives way to the synovium, which not only lubricates the joint but also maintains an aseptic environment (cartilage is extremely sensitive to proteolysis induced by contaminant bacteria).

With articular cartilage as an interface with subchondral bone, the forces of articulation, consequent upon skeletal movement, are carefully dissipated, thereby protecting the underlying bone from traumatic damage and abnormal excessive loading, which can create pathological changes such as sclerosis.

Thus, articular cartilage plays an essential role in joint function. Whenever cartilage is damaged locally or more extensively as a consequence of injury or arthritis, it loses key functional properties, which promotes further pathological changes in surrounding cartilage and neighboring bone. Articulation is altered and opposing articulating surfaces are loaded differently, leading to further pathological changes in surrounding cartilage.

During articular cartilage repair, the surgeon should seek to restore these special properties of cartilage while preventing or minimizing the onset of associated pathological changes in the remainder of the joint. Therefore, cartilage repair is not only about restoring functional properties but also about arresting the pathological changes of degenerative arthritis that result from altered loading due to damage to articular cartilage. The purposes of the present report are to better define articular cartilage, to describe its special structure at the macroscopic and molecular levels, to explain the special cellular and molecular processes that create and maintain …
Piezoelectric Transformers: An Historical Review (2016)

Piezoelectric transformers (PTs) are solid-state devices that transform electrical energy into electrical energy by means of a mechanical vibration. These devices are manufactured using piezoelectric materials that are driven at resonance. With appropriate design and circuitry, it is possible to step up and step down the voltages between the input and output sections of the piezoelectric transformer, without making use of magnetic materials and obtaining excellent conversion efficiencies. The initial concept of a piezoelectric ceramic transformer was proposed by Charles A. Rosen in 1954. Since then, the evolution of piezoelectric transformers through history has been linked to the relevant work of some excellent researchers as well as to the evolution in materials, manufacturing processes, and driving circuit techniques. This paper summarizes the historical evolution of the technology.
Integrated Health Monitoring Approach for Reusable Cryogenic Tank Structures (2000)

Covers advancements in spacecraft and tactical and strategic missile systems, including subsystem design and application, mission design and analysis, materials and structures, developments in space sciences, space processing and manufacturing, space operations, and applications of space technologies to other fields.
A Rapid Non-Destructive Technique for Fatty Acid Determination in Individual Peanut Seed1 (1993)

Abstract Modification of fatty acid composition can improve the keeping quality of peanut oil and may expand markets for peanut usage. Modification may involve hybridization to recombine existing genes, or the creation of new variability through mutagenesis or transformation with genes from other organisms. Identification of the fatty acid composition of individual seed could improve the chances of obtaining peanut genotypes with desired fatty acid composition. Published techniques for fatty acid analysis of individual peanut seed require the use of approximately half the cotyledonary seed tissue and utilize a process of solvent extraction and esterification. We have used a procedure that requires a small fraction of seed tissue and analyzes fatty acids through direct transmethylation. Comparisons were made between procedures using seven genotypes representing a wide range of fatty acid composition variability. Quantities of fatty acids with C&lt;20 were not statistically different between tests. While some differences were observed in longer-chained fatty acids (C≥20), the relative values among genotypes were similar. This procedure maintains greater integrity of the seed for planting purposes, requires less time and cost for fatty acid analysis, and can improve efficiency of individual seed analysis.
Structure, function and controls in microbial division (1996)

Several crucial genes required for bacterial division lie close together in a region called the dcw cluster. Within the cluster, gene expression is subject to complex transcriptional regulation, which serves to adjust the cell cycle in response to growth rate. The pivotally important FtsZ protein, which is needed to initiate division, is now known to interact with many other components of the division machinery in Escherichia coli. Some biochemical properties of FtsZ, and of another division protein called FtsA, suggest that they are similar to the eukaryotic proteins tubulin and actin respectively. Cell division needs to be closely co-ordinated with chromosome partitioning. The mechanism of partitioning is poorly understood, though several genes involved in this process, including several muk genes, have been identified. The min genes may participate in both septum positioning and chromosome partitioning. Coupled transcription and translation of membrane-associated proteins might also be important for partitioning. In the event of a failure in the normal partitioning process, Bacillus subtilis, at least, has a mechanism for removing a bisected nucleoid from the division septum.
POMDP-lite for robust robot planning under uncertainty (2016)

The partially observable Markov decision process (POMDP) provides a principled general model for planning under uncertainty. However, solving a general POMDP is computationally intractable in the worst case. This paper introduces POMDP-lite, a subclass of POMDPs in which the hidden state variables are constant or only change deterministically. We show that a POMDP-lite is equivalent to a set of fully observable Markov decision processes indexed by a hidden parameter and is useful for modeling a variety of interesting robotic tasks. We develop a simple model-based Bayesian reinforcement learning algorithm to solve POMDP-lite models. The algorithm performs well on large-scale POMDP-lite models with up to 1020 states and outperforms the state-of-the-art general-purpose POMDP algorithms. We further show that the algorithm is near-Bayesian-optimal under suitable conditions.
Extensive DNA Inversions in the <i>B. fragilis</i> Genome Control Variable Gene Expression (2005)

The obligately anaerobic bacterium Bacteroides fragilis, an opportunistic pathogen and inhabitant of the normal human colonic microbiota, exhibits considerable within-strain phase and antigenic variation of surface components. The complete genome sequence has revealed an unusual breadth (in number and in effect) of DNA inversion events that potentially control expression of many different components, including surface and secreted components, regulatory molecules, and restriction-modification proteins. Invertible promoters of two different types (12 group 1 and 11 group 2) were identified. One group has inversion crossover (fix) sites similar to the hix sites of Salmonella typhimurium. There are also four independent intergenic shufflons that potentially alter the expression and function of varied genes. The composition of the 10 different polysaccharide biosynthesis gene clusters identified (7 with associated invertible promoters) suggests a mechanism of synthesis similar to the O-antigen capsules of Escherichia coli.
Drugs repurposed for COVID-19 by virtual screening of 6,218 drugs and cell-based assay (2021)

The COVID-19 pandemic caused by SARS-CoV-2 is an unprecedentedly significant health threat, prompting the need for rapidly developing antiviral drugs for the treatment. Drug repurposing is currently one of the most tangible options for rapidly developing drugs for emerging and reemerging viruses. In general, drug repurposing starts with virtual screening of approved drugs employing various computational methods. However, the actual hit rate of virtual screening is very low, and most of the predicted compounds are false positives. Here, we developed a strategy for virtual screening with much reduced false positives through incorporating predocking filtering based on shape similarity and postdocking filtering based on interaction similarity. We applied this advanced virtual screening approach to repurpose 6,218 approved and clinical trial drugs for COVID-19. All 6,218 compounds were screened against main protease and RNA-dependent RNA polymerase of SARS-CoV-2, resulting in 15 and 23 potential repurposed drugs, respectively. Among them, seven compounds can inhibit SARS-CoV-2 replication in Vero cells. Three of these drugs, emodin, omipalisib, and tipifarnib, show anti-SARS-CoV-2 activities in human lung cells, Calu-3. Notably, the activity of omipalisib is 200-fold higher than that of remdesivir in Calu-3. Furthermore, three drug combinations, omipalisib/remdesivir, tipifarnib/omipalisib, and tipifarnib/remdesivir, show strong synergistic effects in inhibiting SARS-CoV-2. Such drug combination therapy improves antiviral efficacy in SARS-CoV-2 infection and reduces the risk of each drug's toxicity. The drug repurposing strategy reported here will be useful for rapidly developing drugs for treating COVID-19 and other viruses.
Identification of Parameter Structure in Groundwater Inverse Problem (1985)

This paper develops an optimization method that can be used to identify parameter structure as well as its values in connection with the inverse problem in groundwater modeling. The complexity of the parameter structure is determined by the quantity and quality of observation data. Output least square error is used as the criterion of identification. Sensitivity coefficients at finite element nodes are evaluated by the variational method. The problem of identifying the parameter structure is formulated as a problem of combinatorial optimization. A new parameterization technique is presented for describing the parameter structure. It can represent various distributions of parameters from piecewise constant to continuous variability. Based on this representation, the combinatorial optimization problem for determining the parameter structure is then solved by a simple one‐at‐a‐time searching procedure. Numerical experimentations are used to demonstrate the efficiency and practicality of the proposed method.
Optimal Application Deployment in Resource Constrained Distributed Edges (2020)

The dramatically increasing of mobile applications make it convenient for users to complete complex tasks on their mobile devices. However, the latency brought by unstable wireless networks and the computation failures caused by constrained resources limit the development of mobile computing. A popular approach to solve this problem is to establish a mobile service provisioning system based on a mobile edge computing (MEC) paradigm. In the MEC paradigm, plenty of machines are placed at the edge of the network so that the performance of applications can be optimized by using the involved microservice instances deployed on them. In this paper, we explore the deployment problem of microserivce-based applications in the MEC environment and propose an approach to help to optimize the cost of application deployment with the constraints of resources and the requirement of performance. We conduct a series of experiments to evaluate the performance of our approach. The result shows that our approach can improve the average response time of mobile services.
The effects of ethanol on the glycosylation of human transferrin (2002)

Appearance of a hyposialylated transferrin fraction in the plasma during chronic alcohol exposure is a well-known phenomenon, and it represents the best available marker of chronic alcohol consumption. The mechanisms of its appearance are still not well understood and are extremely complex, involving biosynthesis and catabolism alterations, although the only structural abnormality described corresponds to the loss of an entire glycan chain. We analyzed and compared the oligosaccharides present on the different isoforms of purified transferrin isolated from control and patients with severe alcohol abuse by fluorescent carbohydrate electrophoresis and matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization mass spectrometry. Our data indicate that the major modification observed is the loss of an entire oligosaccharide chain; we also demonstrate that there is a modification of terminal sialylation. Carbohydrate-deficient transferrin (CDT) is the result of multiple alterations of glycosylation. These results give a partial explanation to the poor sensitivity of the measurement of CDT and its controversial use as a marker of chronic alcohol consumption.
A CRISPR Cas9 high-throughput genome editing toolkit for kinetoplastids (2017)

Clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR), CRISPR-associated gene 9 (Cas9) genome editing is set to revolutionize genetic manipulation of pathogens, including kinetoplastids. CRISPR technology provides the opportunity to develop scalable methods for high-throughput production of mutant phenotypes. Here, we report development of a CRISPR-Cas9 toolkit that allows rapid tagging and gene knockout in diverse kinetoplastid species without requiring the user to perform any DNA cloning. We developed a new protocol for single-guide RNA (sgRNA) delivery using PCR-generated DNA templates which are transcribed <i>in vivo</i> by T7 RNA polymerase and an online resource (LeishGEdit.net) for automated primer design. We produced a set of plasmids that allows easy and scalable generation of DNA constructs for transfections in just a few hours. We show how these tools allow knock-in of fluorescent protein tags, modified biotin ligase BirA*, luciferase, HaloTag and small epitope tags, which can be fused to proteins at the N- or C-terminus, for functional studies of proteins and localization screening. These tools enabled generation of null mutants in a single round of transfection in promastigote form <i>Leishmania major</i>, <i>Leishmania mexicana</i> and bloodstream form <i>Trypanosoma brucei</i>; deleted genes were undetectable in non-clonal populations, enabling for the first time rapid and large-scale knockout screens.
Retrofitting Word Vectors to Semantic Lexicons (2015)

Manaal Faruqui, Jesse Dodge, Sujay Kumar Jauhar, Chris Dyer, Eduard Hovy, Noah A. Smith. Proceedings of the 2015 Conference of the North American Chapter of the Association for Computational Linguistics: Human Language Technologies. 2015.