gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Finding the Active Factors in Fractionated Screening Experiments (1993)

Highly fractionated factorial designs and other orthogonal arrays are powerful tools for identifying important, or active, factors and improving quality. We show, however, that interactions, and important factors involved in those interactions, may go unidentified when conventional methods of analysis are used with these designs. This is particularly true of Plackett-Burman designs where the number of runs is not a power of two. A Bayesian method that allows for the possibility of interactions is developed to compute the marginal posterior probability that a factor is active. The method can be applied to both orthogonal and nonorthogonal designs, as well as other troublesome situations, such as when data are missing, extra data are available, or factor settings for certain runs have deviated from those originally planned. The value of the new technique is demonstrated with three examples in which potential interactions and factors involved in those interactions are uncovered.
Estilo de vida de niños y adolescentes con síndrome de Down: estudio de caso (2021)

Objective: To determine the lifestyle of children and adolescents with Down Syndrome. Method: A descriptive, prospective, analytical and cross-sectional case study, carried out on a sample of 13 children and adolescents between 4 and 14 years of age with Down Syndrome from the Simón Rodríguez Institute of Special Education, Municipality of Independencia. Miranda State. Anthropometric measurements (weight and height) were made and a structured questionnaire was designed into open and closed questions, which was applied to parents and guardians. Results: The sample made up of 76.9% of the male sex and 23.1% of the female sex, average age range of 9.23 ± 3.32. They belong to socioeconomic stratum IV. According to the nutritional diagnosis, 38% classified normal weight with normal size, 15% as normal weight with tall size, 8% as normal weight with short height and overweight as tall and short; 18% at risk of mild deficit with normal size and 15% in deficit with normal size 18%. The structure of the diet is classified as highly protein 26,3%, low in fat 7,5% and adequate in carbohydrates 67,3%. The adequacy of the diet revealed that in a higher percentage it is inadequate due to excess 46%, followed by inadequate deficit 38% and adequate 16%. Mostly they do physical activity, nap and have adequate personal hygiene habits. Conclusions: This research allowed characterizing children and adolescents from the socioeconomic, nutritional, personal and eating habits and physical activity points of view.
EPR spectroscopy of transformations of iridium(III) and iridium(IV) hydroxo complexes in alkaline media (2011)

Processes that occur in strong alkaline solutions of iridium(III) and iridium(IV) hydroxo complexes have been studied by EPR and electronic absorption spectroscopy. It has been demonstrated that dissolution of iridium compounds in alkaline solutions should be accompanied by a series of complicated transformations involving oxygen, which lead to the formation of several binuclear iridium(III, III), (III, IV), and (IV, IV) dioxygen complexes.
OS I/O path optimizations for flash solid-state drives (2014)

In this paper, we present OS I/O path optimizations for NAND flash solid-state drives, aimed to minimize scheduling delays caused by additional contexts such as interrupt bottom halves and background queue runs. With our optimizations, these contexts are eliminated and merged into hardware interrupts or I/O participating threads without introducing side effects. This was achieved by pipelining fine grained host controller operations with the cooperation of I/O participating threads. To safely expose fine grained host controller operations to upper layers, we present a low level hardware abstraction layer interface. Evaluations with micro-benchmarks showed that our optimizations were capable of accommodating up to five, AHCI controller attached, SATA 3.0 SSD devices at 671k IOPS, while current Linux SCSI based I/O path was limited at 354k IOPS failing to accommodate more than three devices. Evaluation on an SSD backed key value system also showed IOPS improvement using our I/O optimizations.
Frequency comb transferred by surface plasmon resonance (2016)

Frequency combs, millions of narrow-linewidth optical modes referenced to an atomic clock, have shown remarkable potential in time/frequency metrology, atomic/molecular spectroscopy and precision LIDARs. Applications have extended to coherent nonlinear Raman spectroscopy of molecules and quantum metrology for entangled atomic qubits. Frequency combs will create novel possibilities in nano-photonics and plasmonics; however, its interrelation with surface plasmons is unexplored despite the important role that plasmonics plays in nonlinear spectroscopy and quantum optics through the manipulation of light on a subwavelength scale. Here, we demonstrate that a frequency comb can be transformed to a plasmonic comb in plasmonic nanostructures and reverted to the original frequency comb without noticeable degradation of <6.51 × 10(-19) in absolute position, 2.92 × 10(-19) in stability and 1 Hz in linewidth. The results indicate that the superior performance of a well-defined frequency comb can be applied to nanoplasmonic spectroscopy, quantum metrology and subwavelength photonic circuits.
Activity of Hydroxyurea against <i>Leishmania mexicana</i> (2008)

Leishmania mexicana is a protozoan parasite that causes a disease in humans with frequent relapses after treatment. It is also highly resistant to the currently available drugs. For this reason, there is an urgent need for more effective antileishmanial drugs. Hydroxyurea, an anticancer drug, is toxic to replicating eukaryotic cells and has been proven to be effective in arresting the Leishmania major cell cycle. In this study, hydroxyurea was tested in an in vitro model of intracellular Leishmania infection in macrophages. The parasite density in infected macrophages was measured by microscopy after incubation for various times and treatment with hydroxyurea at different concentrations. Viable parasites that could be transformed into promastigotes by shifting the temperature to 26 degrees C were counted every other day after the replacement of hydroxyurea with fresh medium. Meglumine antimoniate, the standard drug treatment for Leishmania mexicana, was used as a reference drug under the same experimental conditions. Hydroxyurea completely eliminated Leishmania parasites when it was used at a dosage of 10 or 100 microg/ml. Differences in the length of treatment needed to achieve elimination were as follows: the 10-microg/ml doses required 9 days, while 3 days was sufficient when 100 microg/ml was used. Hydroxyurea had a 50% effective dose of 0.015 microg/ml in vitro, which was observed on day 6 after exposure. Hydroxyurea is highly effective in killing intracellular amastigotes in vitro.
Si-Nanowire Based Gate-All-Around Nonvolatile SONOS Memory Cell (2008)

This letter presents a high-speed silicon-oxide-nitride-oxide-silicon (SONOS) nonvolatile memory cell in gate-all-around Si-nanowire (NW) architecture, which is fabricated by using a top-down process technology. The NW cell exhibits faster program and erase (P/E) speed compared to the corresponding planar device; 1 mus for programming and 1 ms for erasing at V <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">GS</sub> = plusmn11 V with a threshold voltage shift "DeltaV <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">TH</sub> " of 2.6 V using the Fowler-Nordheim tunneling mechanism. At these P/E conditions, the planar device does not show appreciable change. The improvement is originated from: 1) increased electric field at the Si-SiO <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> interface; 2) reduced effective tunnel barrier width; and 3) low electric field in the blocking oxide, as analyzed through simulation. In addition, good data retention makes the NW-based SONOS cell a potential candidate for future high-speed low-voltage NAND-type nonvolatile Flash memory applications.
Thermal Behavior of Hydrotalcite and of Anion-Exchanged Forms of Hydrotalcite (1980)

Abstract Chloride-, sulfate-, and perchlorate-exchanged forms of hydrotalcite have been prepared and their layer spacings determined after equilibration in hydrous atmospheres and after heat-treatments up to the temperature of decomposition in the range 300–400°C. The initial carbonate form of hydrotalcite and also brucite, for purposes of comparison, have been similarly studied. Only chloride-hydrotalcite and brucite exhibit a single phase stable to the decomposition temperature. The other anionic forms exhibit various phases with different layer spacings which are interpreted in terms of the size, orientation, and stability of the anions and, in some cases, the presence of additional water. A regularly interstratified form of sulfate-hydrotalcite (layer spacing = 19.80 Å) is obtained at room temperature and relative humidity <50%; at higher humidities, a fully hydrated phase is obtained, and at 50°C a collapsed form is obtained. In the preparation of perchlorate-hydrotalcite, an interstratified phase (layer spacing = 17.0 Å) was recognized with alternating carbonate and Perchlorate layers, although the evidence is less certain.
Human Leukocyte Elastase and Cathepsin G Inactivate Factor VII by Limited Proteolysis (1993)

The effect of supernatant from phorbol myristate acetate (PMA) stimulated human polymorphonuclear granulocytes (PMN) on human factor VII was studied in vitro. The supernatant caused a rapid loss in factor VII coagulant activity by the action of human leukocyte elastase (HLE) and cathepsin G in the supernatant, as demonstrated by the use of specific inhibitors of the two serine proteases, respectively. Preincubation of the supernatant with the elastase inhibitor and the cathepsin G inhibitor preserved 80% and 25% of the clotting activity, respectively. Calcium protected factor VII completely from the supernatant mediated inactivation. Cathepsin G and HLE purified from PMN each destroyed the coagulant activity of factor VII when added to a non-plasma system. There were, however, no effect on factor VII activity when cathepsin G was added to plasma. Polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis in the presence of SDS indicated that HLE and cathepsin G cleaved the zymogen in the same manner, producing (a) peptide(s) of low molecular mass and a single large product of 48 kDa. Preincubation of factor VII with calcium ions inhibited the proteolytic action of HLE and cathepsin G. It is suggested that HLE and cathepsin G from activated granulocytes may be partly responsible for the loss in factor VII activity that is observed during sepsis.
A multi-hop MANET demonstrator tested on real-time applications (2006)

In this paper we illustrate the implementation of an actual MANET demonstrator, based on off-the-shelf PDA devices with IEEE 802.11b wireless connectivity, tested on real-time applications. The most critical aspect affecting performances, in our opinion, is related to create a network where connectivity among nodes is as stable as possible. We implemented an enhanced version of the AODV protocol by embedding routing policies in order to choose routes based on link stability evaluation and show the effectiveness of this approach by means of simulations. Finally we describe the demonstration phases in a mixed indoor/outdoor environment.
Energy Efficient Techniques for Resource Allocation in Cognitive Networks (2012)

The Cognitive Radio paradigm is aimed to optimize the utilization of licensed spectrum bands thanks to coexistence within the same network of licensed (primary) and cognitive (secondary) users. In this context, one of the most important key aspects is represented by an efficient resource allocation between secondary and primary users. Modeling it as an optimization problem, this paper provides a modified version of the well-known Iterated Water-Filling algorithm and a novel approach based on a game theory framework to solve this issue in a distributed and fair way. In particular, the proposed game is formulated as an S-Modular Game, since it provides useful tools for the definition of multi objective distributed algorithms in the context of radio communications. This paper provides also a performance comparison among the proposed solutions and the Simulated Annealing algorithm, that represents one of the most frequently used technique in this context.
HLA-dependent tumour development: a role for tumour associate macrophages? (2013)

HLA abnormalities on tumour cells for immune escape have been widely described. In addition, cellular components of the tumour microenvironment, in particular myeloid derived suppressor cells (MDSC) and alternatively activated M2 tumour-associated macrophages (TAMs), are involved in tumour promotion, progression, angiogenesis and suppression of anti-tumour immunity. However, the role of HLA in these activities is poorly understood. This review details MHC class I characteristics and describes MHC class I receptors functions. This analysis established the basis for a reflection about the crosstalk among the tumour cells, the TAMs and the cells mediating an immune response.The tumour cells and TAMs exploit MHC class I molecules to modulate the surrounding immune cells. HLA A, B, C and G molecules down-regulate the macrophage myeloid activation through the interaction with the inhibitory LILRB receptors. HLA A, B, C are able to engage inhibitory KIR receptors negatively regulating the Natural Killer and cytotoxic T lymphocytes function while HLA-G induces the secretion of pro-angiogenic cytokines and chemokine thanks to an activator KIR receptor expressed by a minority of peripheral NK cells. The open conformer of classical MHC-I is able to interact with LILRA receptors described as being associated to the Th2-type cytokine response, triggering a condition for the M2 like TAM polarization. In addition, HLA-E antigens on the surface of the TAMs bind the inhibitory receptor CD94/NKG2A expressed by a subset of NK cells and activated cytotoxic T lymphocytes protecting from the cytolysis.Furthermore MHC class II expression by antigen presenting cells is finely regulated by factors provided with immunological capacities. Tumour-associated macrophages show an epigenetically controlled down-regulation of the MHC class II expression induced by the decoy receptor DcR3, a member of the TNFR, which further enhances the M2-like polarization. BAT3, a positive regulator of MHC class II expression in normal macrophages, seems to be secreted by TAMs, consequently lacking its intracellular function, it looks like acting as an immunosuppressive factor.In conclusion HLA could cover a considerable role in tumour-development orchestrated by tumour-associated macrophages.
Changing skewness: an early warning signal of regime shifts in ecosystems (2008)

Empirical evidence for large-scale abrupt changes in ecosystems such as lakes and vegetation of semi-arid regions is growing. Such changes, called regime shifts, can lead to degradation of ecological services. We study simple ecological models that show a catastrophic transition as a control parameter is varied and propose a novel early warning signal that exploits two ubiquitous features of ecological systems: nonlinearity and large external fluctuations. Either reduced resilience or increased external fluctuations can tip ecosystems to an alternative stable state. It is shown that changes in asymmetry in the distribution of time series data, quantified by changing skewness, is a model-independent and reliable early warning signal for both routes to regime shifts. Furthermore, using model simulations that mimic field measurements and a simple analysis of real data from abrupt climate change in the Sahara, we study the feasibility of skewness calculations using data available from routine monitoring.
Do Cookie Banners Respect my Choice? : Measuring Legal Compliance of Banners from IAB Europe’s Transparency and Consent Framework (2020)

As a result of the GDPR and the ePrivacy Directive, European users encounter cookie banners on almost every website. Many of such banners are implemented by Consent Management Providers (CMPs), who respect IAB Europe's Transparency and Consent Framework (TCF). Via cookie banners, CMPs collect and disseminate user consent to third parties. In this work, we systematically study IAB Europe's TCF and analyze consent stored behind the user interface of TCF cookie banners. We analyze the GDPR and the ePrivacy Directive to identify potential legal violations in implementations of cookie banners based on the storage of consent and detect such suspected violations by crawling 1 426 websites that contains TCF banners, found among 28 257 crawled European websites. With two automatic and semi-automatic crawl campaigns, we detect suspected violations, and we find that: 141 websites register positive consent even if the user has not made their choice; 236 websites nudge the users towards accepting consent by pre-selecting options; and 27 websites store a positive consent even if the user has explicitly opted out. Performing extensive tests on 560 websites, we find at least one suspected violation in 54% of them. Finally, we provide a browser extension to facilitate manual detection of suspected violations for regular users and Data Protection Authorities.
Solid Lubrication by Multiwalled Carbon Nanotubes in Air and in Vacuum for Space and Aeronautics Applications (2005)

To evaluate recently developed aligned multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWNTs) and dispersed MWNTs for solid lubrication applications, unidirectional sliding friction experiments were conducted with 440C stainless steel balls and hemispherical alumina-yttria stabilized zirconia pins in sliding contact with the MWNTs deposited on quartz disks in air and in vacuum. The results indicate that MWNTs have superior solid lubrication friction properties and endurance lives in air and vacuum under dry conditions. The coefficient of friction of the dispersed MWNTs is close to 0.05 and 0.009 in air and in vacuum, respectively, showing good dry lubricating ability. The wear life of MWNTs exceeds 1 million passes in both air and vacuum showing good durability. In general, the low coefficient of friction can be attributed to the combination of the transferred, agglomerated patches of MWNTs on the counterpart ball or pin surfaces and the presence of tubular MWNTs at interfaces.
Voice in computing: an overview of available technologies (1990)

An attempt is made to bridge the differences between the voice and computing disciplines and foster crossdisciplinary dialogue by presenting an overview of the technologies useful in building voice/computing applications, along with some examples to illustrate how they can be used. The voice technologies relevant to computing are grouped into three general categories and explored in detail. They consist of: content processing, which is the manipulation and analysis of the payload of a voice channel; connection control, which is the setup and manipulation of connections between voice equipment; and software architectures, i.e. the organization of computing system software to facilitate the creation of voice-related applications.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Sub-femto-farad capacitance-voltage characteristics of single channel gate-all-around nano wire transistors for electrical characterization of carrier transport (2008)

In this work the charge-based capacitance measurement (CBCM) method has been extended and calibrated to measure sub-fF level bias-dependent capacitance of single channel silicon nanowire (SNW) transistors. Mixed mode simulations are used to establish the efficacy of the method. Test keys have been carefully designed and fabricated on-chip so that C-V and I-V characteristics are measured on the same single finger SNW device. To our knowledge, this is the first work to report systematic extraction of the mobility of channel carrier from a single channel SNW device at room temperature.
A Modified Preparation Procedure for Carbon Nanotube-Confined Nd/Na Heterobimetallic Catalyst for <i>anti</i>-Selective Catalytic Asymmetric Nitroaldol Reactions (2013)

A recyclable asymmetric metal-based catalyst is a rare entity among the vast collection of asymmetric catalysts developed so far. Recently we found that the combination of a self-assembling metal-based asymmetric catalyst and multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWNTs) produced a highly active and recyclable catalyst in which the catalytically active metal complex was dispersed in the MWNT network. Herein we describe an improved preparation procedure and full details of a Nd/Na heterobimetallic complex confined in MWNTs. Facilitated self-assembly of the catalyst with MWNTs avoided the sacrificial use of excess chiral ligand for the formation of the heterobimetallic complex, improving the loading ratio of the catalyst components. Eighty-five percent of the catalyst components were incorporated onto MWNTs to produce the confined catalyst, which was a highly efficient and recyclable catalyst for the anti-selective asymmetric nitroaldol reaction. The requisite precautions for the catalyst preparation to elicit reproducible catalytic performance are summarized. Superior catalytic profiles over the prototype catalyst without MWNTs were revealed in the synthesis of optically active 1,2-nitroalkanols, which are key intermediates for the synthesis of therapeutics.
Status of Certain Blood Metabolites, Hormones, Biogenic Amines and Their Impact on Production in Healthy and Indigestion Cases of Lactating Murrah Buffaloes (1995)

Studies were conducted on 144 cllnical cases and 120 healthy control of lactating Murrah buffaloes. Blood samples analysis for glucose, urea, SGOT, SGPT, T3, T4, and biogenic amines revealed significantly higher (P<0.01) differences in ail clinical cases as compared to healthy control except in T3 and T4. Significantly high (P<0.05) differences except for SGOT were also observed when tested seasonwise. The sick animals came to normal rumination after 4 to 12 h and to normal milk production after 12 to 96 h of radical treatment and supportive therapy.
Hierarchical image annotation using semantic hierarchies (2012)

Semantic hierarchies have been introduced recently to improve image annotation. They was used as a framework for hierarchical image classification, and thus to improve classifiers accuracy and reduce the complexity of managing large scale data. In this paper, we investigate the contribution of semantic hierarchies for hierarchical image classification. We propose first a new method based on the hierarchy structure to train efficiently hierarchical classifiers. Our method, named One-Versus-Opposite-Nodes, allows decomposing the problem in several independent tasks and therefore scales well with large database. We also propose two methods for computing a hierarchical decision function that serves to annotate new image samples. The former is performed by a top-down classifiers voting, while the second is based on a bottom-up score fusion. The experiments on Pascal VOC'2010 dataset showed that our methods improve well the image annotation results.