gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Soft magnetic properties and damping parameter of (FeCo)-Al alloy thin films (2017)

For high frequency device applications, a systematic study of the soft magnetic properties and magnetization dynamics of (FeCo)-Al alloy thin films has been carried out. A low effective damping parameter αeff of 0.002 and a high saturation magnetization of about 1,800 emu/cc are obtained at y=0.2∼0.3 for (Fe1-yCoy)98Al2 alloy thin films deposited onto fused silica and MgO(100) at an ambient temperature during deposition. Those films are of the bcc structure with the &lt;110&gt; orientation normal to the film plane. They possess a columnar structure, grown along the film normal. The column width is found to be about 20 nm for y=0.25. It is concluded that the (FeCo)-Al thin films with a damping parameter as low as 0.002 and high saturation magnetization of about 1,800 emu/cc have been successfully fabricated, and that they are potential for future high frequency device applications.
Organic electro-optic materials (2004)

The potential of organic electro-optic materials for large electro-optic activity and fast response to applied electric fields (leading to 100 GHz device bandwidths) is important and increasingly well-recognized. In this communication, we demonstrate how quantum and statistical mechanical calculations can be used to guide the systematic improvement of both molecular first hyperpolarizability (β) and macroscopic electro-optic activity (r). Femtosecond time-resolved, wavelength-agile Hyper-Rayleigh Scattering (HRS) measurements have been used to measure β values relative to chloroform and to avoid confusion associated with two photon contributions. Electro-optic coefficients have been characterized by simple reflection (Teng-Man method), attenuated total reflection (ATR), and Mach Zehnder interferometry. "Constant bias" modifications of these techniques have been used to permit investigation of optimized poling conditions. Organic electro-optic materials also afford unique advantages for the fabrication of conformal and flexible devices, for the integration of disparate materials, and for exploitation of novel manufacturing technologies such as soft lithography. Both stripline and ring microresonator structures have been fabricated by soft lithography. The integration of organic electro-optic materials with silicon photonics (both split ring microresonators and photonic bandgap circuitry) has been demonstrated.
558. Targeted Gene Therapy in CD34+ Cells from Healthy Donors and Fanconi Anemia Patients (2016)

Gene targeting is rapidly progressing thanks to the development of improved nucleases and donor constructs, and represents a new gene therapy-based strategy for the treatment of inherited diseases, such as Fanconi anemia (FA). Because FA can be generated by multiple mutations in up to 19 different genes, we focused our interests in the insertion of therapeutic FA genes in safe harbor loci, since this approach could serve as a platform for treating all FA subtypes and pathogenic mutations. In previous studies we demonstrated the feasibility of correcting the phenotype of hematopoietic progenitors through the genome editing and reprogramming of fibroblasts from FA patients. Because of the limited repopulating properties so far reported for iPSC-derived hematopoietic precursor cells, here we aimed to investigate the possibility of conducting a similar gene targeting approach using human primary CD34+ cells. In a first set of experiments we investigated the efficiency of targeting the AAVS1 locus in cord blood HSPCs. Pre-stimulated CD34+ cells were transduced with integrase-defective lentiviral vectors (IDLV) encoding an EGFP reporter gene under the control of the PGK promoter, flanked by sequences homologous to the AAVS1 target site. The cells were then nucleofected with AAVS1 -specific ZFN mRNAs. The average targeting efficiencies ranged from 10-20% both in in vitro cultured cells and NSG mice-repopulating cells. In subsequent experiments, the EGFP reporter gene was replaced by the hFANCA therapeutic gene. Gene targeting experiments conducted in lymphoblast cell lines and primary CD34+ cells from FA-A patients reverted the characteristic hypersensitivity of FA cells to mitomycin C (MMC), and also restored the formation of FANCD2 foci after DNA damage, evidencing the phenotypic correction of these cells. Our data confirm the efficacy of AAVS1-gene targeting in hHSPCs and demonstrate the feasibility of conducting these approaches in primary CD34+ cells from FA patients.
1.3 μm InGaAsN quantum well vertical cavity surface emitting lasers on GaAs substrates (2002)

We report characteristics of 1.3 /spl mu/m electrically pumped InGaAsN quantum well VCSELs grown on GaAs. The epitaxial structure was grown by MBE in a single growth run using in-situ optical reflectance feedback control to accurately control layer thicknesses. The top and bottom distributed Bragg reflector mirrors contained 28 and 33 periods, respectively. With the exception of a single period of the upper mirror nearest the cavity, both mirrors were doped n-type to reduce free carrier absorption losses. A reverse-biased GaAs tunnel diode provided a high-conductivity transition between n- and p-type regions of the upper mirror. Electrical and optical confinement were provided by selectively oxidized AlAs layers adjacent to the cavity. CW room-temperature lasing was obtained in these devices at wavelengths as long as 1294 nm, while pulsed lasing was obtained at wavelengths as long as 1305 nm. A side mode suppression of 28 dB is observed in devices operating CW at slightly shorter wavelengths. A maximum single mode output power of 140 /spl mu/W at 1289 nm was obtained at 20/spl deg/C and continuous wave operation was observed up to 50/spl deg/C. VCSELs operated with threshold currents varying from 1.5 to 7 mA. Equivalent threshold current densities were as low as 4 kA/cm/sub 2/. Open eye diagrams were obtained for devices driven on-wafer with pseudo-random bit sequences at 2.5 Gb/s. With modifications to the mirror design to lower the device voltage and modest improvements to the InGaAsN quality, we expect significantly improved optical and electrical performance.
Multiple Determinants for Selective Inhibition of Apicomplexan Calcium-Dependent Protein Kinase CDPK1 (2012)

Diseases caused by the apicomplexan protozoans Toxoplasma gondii and Cryptosporidium parvum are a major health concern. The life cycle of these parasites is regulated by a family of calcium-dependent protein kinases (CDPKs) that have no direct homologues in the human host. Fortuitously, CDPK1 from both parasites contains a rare glycine gatekeeper residue adjacent to the ATP-binding pocket. This has allowed creation of a series of C3-substituted pyrazolopyrimidine compounds that are potent inhibitors selective for CDPK1 over a panel of human kinases. Here we demonstrate that selectivity is further enhanced by modification of the scaffold at the C1 position. The explanation for this unexpected result is provided by crystal structures of the inhibitors bound to CDPK1 and the human kinase c-SRC. Furthermore, the insight gained from these studies was applied to transform an alternative ATP-competitive scaffold lacking potency and selectivity for CDPK1 into a low nanomolar inhibitor of this enzyme with no activity against SRC.
Integrated Sample Processing by On-Line Supercritical Fluid Extraction--Gel Permeation Chromatography (1992)

A new technique for on-line extraction by supercritical fluid extraction (SFE) and cleanup by gel permeation chromatography (GPC) of environmental and biogenic matrices is described. On-line cleanup of SFE extracts enhances the efficiency of sample processing through reduction in sample handling and processing time in comparison to off-line cleanup of SFE extracts. The efficiency of on-line SFE-GPC of select pesticides, and the effects of SFE solvent flow rate and sample size on peak resolution and recovery of components in a standard EPA calibration mixture of corn oil, di(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate, methoxychlor, perylene, and sulfur, are demonstrated.
Experimental realization of an imaging system with an extended depth of field (2005)

We describe the experimental realization of an all-optical imaging system with an extended depth of field (DOF). The core of the system is a phase mask consisting of 16 Fresnel lenses (FLs) that are spatially multiplexed and mutually exclusive. Because each FL, in tandem with the primary lens, is designed to produce a sharp image for a specific object plane location, jointly the FLs achieve a wide DOF. However, the resultant image exhibits reduced resolution. The acquired image, onto which we did not apply any postprocessing, clearly is sharper than that acquired with a clear-aperture imaging system with the same pupil size.
Transport Layer Security (TLS) Authorization Using Digital Transmission Content Protection (DTCP) Certificates (2015)

This document specifies the use of Digital Transmission Content Protection (DTCP) certificates as an authorization data type in the authorization extension for the Transport Layer Security (TLS) protocol. This is in accordance with the guidelines for authorization extensions as specified in RFC 5878. As with other TLS extensions, this authorization data can be included in the client and server hello messages to confirm that both parties support the desired authorization data types. If supported by both the client and the server, DTCP certificates are exchanged in the supplemental data TLS handshake message as specified in RFC 4680. This authorization data type extension is in support of devices containing DTCP certificates issued by the Digital Transmission Licensing Administrator (DTLA). Status of This Memo This document is not an Internet Standards Track specification; it is published for informational purposes. This is a contribution to the RFC Series, independently of any other RFC stream. The RFC Editor has chosen to publish this document at its discretion and makes no statement about its value for implementation or deployment. Documents approved for publication by the RFC Editor are not a candidate for any level of Internet Standard; see Section 2 of RFC 5741. Information about the current status of this document, any errata, and how to provide feedback on it may be obtained at
Fabrication of High Aspect Ratio Core−Shell CdS−Mn/ZnS Nanowires by a Two Step Solvothermal Process (2008)

Synthesis of thin (5−8 nm) CdS−Mn/ZnS core−shell nanowires (CSNWs) with high aspect ratio (up to ∼150) is reported for the first time. The modified solvothermal synthesis of CSNW involved two steps: the formation of Mn-doped CdS core followed by the ZnS shell. The CSNW growth process is engineered in such a way that the ZnS shell layer grew radially onto the prematurely grown CdS−Mn core, that is, prior to the formation of its well-faceted surface.
Identification of polymorphisms influencing feed intake and efficiency in beef cattle (2008)

Feed efficiency is an economically important trait in beef cattle. Net feed efficiency, measured as residual feed intake (RFI), is the difference between actual feed intake and the predicted feed intake required for maintenance and gain of the animal. SNPs that show associations with RFI may be useful quantitative trait nucleotides for marker-assisted selection. This study identified associations between SNPs underlying five RFI QTL on five bovine chromosomes (BTA2, 5, 10, 20 and 29) with measures of dry matter intake (DMI), RFI and feed conversion ratio (FCR) in beef cattle. Six SNPs were found to have effects on RFI (P < 0.05). The largest single SNP allele substitution effect for RFI was -0.25 kg/day located on BTA2. The combined effects of the SNPs found significant in this experiment explained 6.9% of the phenotypic variation of RFI. Not all the RFI SNPs showed associations with DMI and FCR even though these traits are highly correlated with RFI (r = 0.77 and r = 0.62 respectively). This shows that these SNPs may be affecting the underlying biological mechanisms of feed efficiency beyond feed intake control and weight gain efficiency. These SNPs can be used in marker-assisted selection but first it will be important to verify these effects in independent populations of cattle.
Jets and rotary flows for single-phase liquid cooling: An overview of some recent experimental findings (2010)

Single-phase liquid cooling is increasingly being deployed to cool high power, high heat flux electronic components such as microprocessors. In a conventional liquid cooling loop, the primary heat exchanger represents a key design challenge as this is typically subject to stringent constraints on footprint area and profile. This paper presents some experimental findings for two classes of flows of relevance to the design of primary heat exchangers: impinging jets; and rotary flows associated with a novel integrated pump and exchanger configuration. Hydrodynamic and heat transfer measurements are presented for both classes of flow, revealing the presence of vortical flows which, in some cases, induce enhancements in the local heat transfer rates - a finding of practical relevance.
Catalysts for olefin metathesis: ruthenium alkylidene complexes with phosphine and N-heterocyclic carbene ligands (2003)

The objectives of the work described in this dissertation were twofold: (1) to further improve the activity and selectivity of ruthenium-based olefin metathesis catalysts, and (2) to obtain a better understanding of how these catalysts operate. 

The first problem was addressed by varying the ligand sphere within the L2X2Ru=CHR framework. Chapter 2 explores the metathesis of directly functionalized olefins, such as 1,1-difluoroethylene and acrylonitrile. Detailed studies revealed that ruthenium alkylidene complexes react readily with these olefins but stop after a single turnover of the catalytic cycle. This effect is caused by electronically deactivating carbene substituents, which dramatically decrease the rate of phosphine dissociation from the metal center and thus prevent catalyst re-initiation. 

Chapter 3 describes complexes where the L ligands are phosphines, N-heterocyclic carbenes (NHCs), imidazoles, or pyridines, where the X ligands are chlorides, and where the carbene moiety is either benzylidene or a cyclic moiety. Improved catalytic activity and selectivity were achieved with complexes containing a combination of phosphine and NHC ligands. The reactivity and stability profiles of these species can be tuned through the stereoelectronic properties of the NHC. To facilitate the use of NHCs in organometallic applications, a synthetic route was developed that employs NHC adducts to protect the reactive carbene centers.

Chapter 4 describes the reactions of ruthenium alkylidene complexes with alkynes. In the majority of cases, the metathesis polymerization of alkynes is unsuccessful because of competing reactions to form eta3-vinylcarbene and eta5-cyclopentadienyl derivatives. The eta3-vinylcarbene complexes are particularly interesting as models for the olefin-bound intermediate in the olefin metathesis catalytic cycle, and their structures demonstrate that it is possible for the chloride ligands to adopt a cis arrangement that places one of the chlorides trans to the L donor ligand.

The studies in Chapter 5 explore the stereoelectronic properties of phosphine and NHC ligands and provide valuable insights about electronic structure and bonding. This information was obtained by a variety of techniques, including structure-activity studies, kinetics, x-ray crystallography, heteronuclear NMR, infrared spectroscopy, and gas-phase UV photoelectron spectroscopy.
Online SERS detection of the 20 proteinogenic <scp>l</scp>-amino acids separated by capillary zone electrophoresis (2014)

A sheath-flow surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) detector is demonstrated to provide chemical information enabling identification of the 20 proteinogenic L-amino acids separated by capillary zone electrophoresis (CZE). Amino acids were used to illustrate the chemical specificity of SERS detection from structurally related molecules. Analysis of the SERS electropherograms obtained from the separation and sequential online detection of six groups of structurally related amino acids shows that our sheath-flow SERS detector is able to resolve the characteristic Raman bands attributed to the amine, carboxyl, and side chain constituents. The results demonstrate the chemical information available from our detector and also provide insight into the nature of the analyte interaction with the silver SERS substrate. The spectra extracted from the SERS electropherogram of a mixture containing the 20 proteinogenic L-amino acids show unique signatures characteristic to each amino acid, thus enabling identification. The results presented here demonstrate the potential of this sheath-flow SERS detector as a general purpose method for high throughput characterization and identification following separations of complex biomolecular mixtures.
Soluble biomarkers development in osteoarthritis: from discovery to personalized medicine (2015)

The path through the adoption of a specific soluble biomarker for OA is steep but is worth the challenge due to the benefit that it can provide.
Cytotoxic T cells recognize a peptide from the circumsporozoite protein on malaria-infected hepatocytes. (1990)

Irradiated malaria sporozoites can induce CD8+ T cells that are required for protection against infection. However, the parasite antigens targeted by this immune response are unknown. We have discovered a 16-amino acid epitope from the Plasmodium yoelii circumsporozoite (CS) protein that is recognized by cytotoxic T cells from immune mice. Lymphocytes stimulated with this peptide can kill P. yoelii liver stage parasites in vitro in an MHC-restricted, antigen-specific manner. Thus, epitopes from the CS protein are presented on the surface of infected hepatocytes and can be targets for T cells, even though intact CS protein has not been detected on the surface of the infected hepatocyte. A vaccine that induced CTL to parasite antigens might protect humans against malaria by eliminating liver stage parasites.
Engineered graphene for optically transparent microwave devices (2017)

Most of microwave devices are not optically transparent in the visible range. Optically transparent microwave devices, such as absorbers, filters and antennas, would be desirable since they could be fully exploited for shielding systems, military applications or integrated in window glasses and along with photovoltaics. These devices could also play a key role in micro- and nano-satellite applications where the maximization of the surface area for the solar power collection remains a critical issue. In this paper, we will review configurations of graphene-based microwave devices that attempt to be optically transparent. In this framework, we will also propose our latest results on the realization of microwave absorbers fully transparent in the optical regime. These devices are based on the Salisbury screen configuration, which consists of a lossless spacer (glass) sandwiched between two graphene sheets whose sheet resistances are different and properly engineered.
Effect of Flow Rate and Viscosity on Complex Fracture Development in UFM Model (2013)

A recently developed unconventional fracture model (UFM*) is able to simulate complex fracture networks propagation in a formation with pre-existing natural fractures. Multiple fracture branches can propagate at the same time and crisscross each other. The behaviour of a hydraulic fracture when it intersects a natural fracture, whether being arrested, crossing, creating an offset, or dilating the natural fracture, plays a key role in predicting the resulting fracture footprint, microseismicity, and improving production evaluation. It is therefore critical to properly model the fracture interaction in a complex fracture model such as UFM.
ORACLE (2004)

Long design cycles due to the inability to predict silicon realities is a well-known problem that plagues analog/RF integrated circuit product development. As this problem worsens for technologies below 100nm, the high cost of design and multiple manufacturing spins causes fewer products to have the volume required to support full custom implementation. Design reuse and analog synthesis make analog/RF design more affordable; however, the increasing process variability and lack of modeling accuracy remains extremely challenging for nanoscale analog/RF design. We propose an analog/RF circuit design methodology ORACLE, which is a combination of reuse and \emph{shared-use by formulating the synthesis problem as an \emph{optimization with recourse problem. Using a two-stage geometric programming with recourse approach, ORACLE solves for both the globally optimal shared and application-specific variables. Concurrently, we demonstrate ORACLE for novel metal-mask configurable designs, where a range of applications share common underlying structure and application-specific customization is performed using the metal-mask layers. We also include the silicon validation of the metal-mask configurable designs.
Short synthesis of the dynemicin core structure: unusual bridgehead enolate reactivity (1994)

P. Magnus, D. Parry, T. Iliadis, S. A. Eisenbeis and R. A. Fairhurst, J. Chem. Soc., Chem. Commun., 1994, 1543 DOI: 10.1039/C39940001543
HARQ Rate-Compatible Polar Codes for Wireless Channels (2015)

A design of rate-compatible polar codes suitable for HARQ communications is proposed in this paper. An important feature of the proposed design is that the puncturing order is chosen with low complexity on a base code of short length, which is then further polarized to the desired length. A practical rate-matching system that has the flexibility to choose any desired rate through puncturing or repetition while preserving the polarization is suggested. The proposed rate-matching system is combined with channel interleaving and a bit-mapping procedure that preserves the polarization of the rate-compatible polar code family over bit-interleaved coded modulation systems. Simulation results on AWGN and fast fading channels with different modulation orders show the robustness of the proposed rate-compatible polar code in both Chase combining and incremental redundancy HARQ communications.
Long-term carrier-envelope-phase stabilization of a femtosecond laser by the direct locking method (2008)

We have developed a practical solution to implement the direct locking method for the carrier-envelope phase (CEP) stabilization of femtosecond laser pulses and achieved 24-hour CEP stabilization without realignment of any optical components. The direct locking method realizes the CEP stabilization in the time domain by directly quenching the beat signal from an f-to-2f interferometer and, thereby, locking every pulse to a same CEP. We have accomplished the long-term CEP stabilization using commercially available standard feedback electronics, and maintained the CEP stabilization with low jitter without using any frequency-analyzing components, greatly facilitating the accessibility of the CEP stabilization.