gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Simplified merged processing element for successive‐cancellation polar decoder (2016)

Novel simplified merged processing element (SMPE) architectures to design a low‐complexity successive‐cancellation (SC) polar decoder are presented. The proposed SMPE architectures reduce the number of sign‐magnitude conversions and switch networks, relative to those of the conventional merged processing element. Synthesis results show that the (1024, 512) SC polar decoder using the proposed SMPE architectures significantly decreases hardware complexity and improves technology scaled normalised throughput, as compared to those of the previously reported architectures.
Semi-Blind Combined Detection and Turbo Decoding for Unknown Block Fading Channels (2005)

We present a semi-blind approach to combined detection and turbo decoding for unknown ISI channels. The proposed method utilizes very few training symbols and minimizes the probability of ill-convergence characteristic of full-blind approaches. The suitability of the proposed semi-blind scheme for a delay constrained wireless communication system, where the ISI channel is modeled as a frequency selective block fading channel, is investigated. Simulation results show that, even considering short frame lengths, the semi-blind scheme presents good performance over such slowly time-varying environments.
Crushers - An Essential Part of Energy Efficient Comminution Circuits (2011)

The importance of crushers in the mining industry declined with the predominance of SAG based circuits, but the move to consider more energy efficient circuit has caused the industry to re-consider the role of crushers. To fully understand how crushers can contribute to optimizing the energy application in comminution circuits, detailed models of process performance are required. Such models need to take into account the mechanical design factors and how the crusher performance changes in response to feed conditions, the control strategy utilized and the wear of the crusher liners. It is also critical to analyze the total circuit, not just the individual crushers. To fully understand the performance of the entire circuit, dynamic simulation should be applied. Without the holistic understanding of the total circuit and the incorporation of transient effects, the full circuit performance cannot be adequately determined and the true energy picture will not be quantified.
Rhodium-Catalyzed C–H Activation of Phenacyl Ammonium Salts Assisted by an Oxidizing C–N Bond: A Combination of Experimental and Theoretical Studies (2015)

Rh(III)-catalyzed C-H activation assisted by an oxidizing directing group has evolved to a mild and redox-economic strategy for the construction of heterocycles. Despite the success, these coupling systems are currently limited to cleavage of an oxidizing N-O or N-N bond. Cleavage of an oxidizing C-N bond, which allows for complementary carbocycle synthesis, is unprecedented. In this article, α-ammonium acetophenones with an oxidizing C-N bond have been designed as substrates for Rh(III)-catalyzed C-H activation under redox-neutral conditions. The coupling with α-diazo esters afforded benzocyclopentanones, and the coupling with unactivated alkenes such as styrenes and aliphatic olefins gave ortho-olefinated acetophenoes. In both systems the reactions proceeded with a broad scope, high efficiency, and functional group tolerance. Moreover, efficient one-pot coupling of diazo esters has been realized starting from α-bromoacetophenones and triethylamine. The reaction mechanism for the coupling with diazo esters has been studied by a combination of experimental and theoretical methods. In particular, three distinct mechanistic pathways have been scrutinized by DFT studies, which revealed that the C-H activation occurs via a C-bound enolate-assisted concerted metalation-deprotonation mechanism and is rate-limiting. In subsequent C-C formation steps, the lowest energy pathway involves two rhodium carbene species as key intermediates.
Optimum Laser Beam Characteristics for Achieving Smoother Ablations in Laser Vision Correction (2017)

Theoretically, the proposed model can be used for achieving smoothness with laser systems used for ablation processes at relatively low cost. This model may improve the quality of results and could be directly applied for improving postoperative surface quality.
Interaction Specificity of Arabidopsis Calcineurin B-Like Calcium Sensors and Their Target Kinases (2000)

Calcium is a critical component in a number of plant signal transduction pathways. A new family of calcium sensors called calcineurin B-like proteins (AtCBLs) have been recently identified from Arabidopsis. These calcium sensors have been shown to interact with a family of protein kinases (CIPKs). Here we report that each individual member of AtCBL family specifically interacts with a subset of CIPKs and present structural basis for the interaction and for the specificity underlying these interactions. Although the C-terminal region of CIPKs is responsible for interaction with AtCBLs, the N-terminal region of CIPKs is also involved in determining the specificity of such interaction. We have also shown that all three EF-hand motifs in AtCBL members are required for the interaction with CIPKs. Several AtCBL members failed to interact with any of the CIPKs presented in this study, suggesting that these AtCBL members either have other CIPKs as targets or they target distinct proteins other than CIPKs. These results may provide structural basis for the functional specificity of CBL family of calcium sensors and their targets.
2004 Young Investigator Award Winner: Vertebral Endplate Marrow Contact Channel Occlusions and Intervertebral Disc Degeneration (2005)

A high indirect correlation between the density of openings in the osseous endplate (particularly of the size of the capillary buds) and the morphologic degeneration grade of the disc support the hypothesis that occlusion of these openings may deprive the cells of nutrients, leading to insufficient maintenance of the extracellular matrix and disc degeneration.
Three-dimensional Imaging and Scanning: Current and Future Applications for Pathology (2017)

Imaging is vital for the assessment of physiologic and phenotypic details. In the past, biomedical imaging was heavily reliant on analog, low-throughput methods, which would produce two-dimensional images. However, newer, digital, and high-throughput three-dimensional (3D) imaging methods, which rely on computer vision and computer graphics, are transforming the way biomedical professionals practice. 3D imaging has been useful in diagnostic, prognostic, and therapeutic decision-making for the medical and biomedical professions. Herein, we summarize current imaging methods that enable optimal 3D histopathologic reconstruction: Scanning, 3D scanning, and whole slide imaging. Briefly mentioned are emerging platforms, which combine robotics, sectioning, and imaging in their pursuit to digitize and automate the entire microscopy workflow. Finally, both current and emerging 3D imaging methods are discussed in relation to current and future applications within the context of pathology.
The development of the validated LCMS bioanalysis of trastuzumab in human plasma using a selective detection method for complementarity-determining regions of monoclonal antibodies: nano-surface and molecular-orientation limited (nSMOL) proteolysis (2015)

nSMOL-LCMS bioanalysis of antibody drugs.
High levels of EphA3 expression are associated with high invasive capacity and poor overall survival in hepatocellular carcinoma (2013)

Although EphA3 expression has been associated with progression or prognosis in several types of tumors, the role of EphA3 in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) remains unknown. This study sought to investigate the clinicopathological and prognostic relevance of EphA3 expression in HCC as well as the underlying mechanisms responsible. EphA3 protein was mainly localized within the cytoplasm and at the cell membrane. High EphA3 expression was correlated with tumor size, tumor grade, metastasis, venous invasion and AJCC TNM stage (P<0.05), and patients with high levels of EphA3 expression were at a significantly increased risk for shortened survival time (P<0.05). In vitro, the downregulation of EphA3 expression decreased the invasive capacity of HCC cells via the regulation of VEGF. EphA3 may represent a novel candidate marker for patient prognosis as well a molecular target for HCC therapy.
Analysis Coaxial and Modeling of "Two-Gap" Line Rectangular Waveguide Junctions (1983)

The analysis of "two-gap" coaxial line rectagular waveguide junctions is discussed. The cross-coupled junction, the 'coax-gap' mount are specifically considered. The theoretical expressions obtained yield results in excellent agreement with published experimental results. Equivalent circuits are presented for the two junctions applicable to the case where the TE/sub 10/ mode is the only propagating waveguide mode.
Immunoperoxidase Detection of Baculovirus Antigens in Insect Cells (1978)

The sequence of events in the infection of TN-368-10 and TN-368-13 cells by Autographa californica nuclear polyhedrosis virus (AcMNPV) was investigated by using the indirect immunoperoxidase technique. Antisera raised against enveloped nucleocapsids detected homologous antigens at 6 to 8 h post infection which was about 2 h before the appearance of both intracellular and extracellular infectious virus. Similar tests using polyhedrin antiserum showed that polyhedrin is first synthesized at 12 h post infection, 2 to 4 h after the appearance of infectious nonoccluded virus. The immunoperoxidase technique was also applied to four other invertebrate cell lines after inoculation with AcMNPV. The most significant result was that 90% of AcMNPV-inoculated Bombyx mori 5 cells produced enveloped nucleocapsid antigens and infectious virus but only 1% or less of the cells produced polyhedrin. This disparity emphasizes the need for assays for NPV infection that are independent of polyhedron production.
Substrate specificity of recombinant human immunodeficiency virus integrase protein (1991)

Recombinant human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) integrase (IN) produced in Escherichia coli efficiently cleaves two nucleotides from the 3' end of synthetic oligonucleotide substrates which mimic the termini of HIV-1 proviral DNA. Efficient cleavage was restricted to HIV-1 substrates and did not occur with substrates derived from other retroviruses. Mutagenesis of the U5 long terminal repeat (LTR) terminus revealed only moderate effects of mutations outside the terminal four bases of the U5 LTR and highlighted the critical nature of the conserved CA dinucleotide motif shared by all retroviral termini. Integration of the endonuclease cleavage products occurs subsequent to cleavage, and evidence that the cleavage and integration reactions may be uncoupled is presented. Competition cleavage reactions demonstrated that IN-mediated processing of an LTR substrate could be inhibited by competition with LTR and non-LTR oligonucleotides.
Prediction of MDMA response in healthy humans: a pooled analysis of placebo-controlled studies (2021)

Although MDMA plasma concentration was the strongest predictor, several personality traits and mood state variables additionally explained variance in the response to MDMA. The results confirm that both pharmacological and non-pharmacological variables influence the response to MDMA. These findings may be relevant for the therapeutic use of MDMA.
From Lasso regression to Feature vector machine (2005)

Lasso regression tends to assign zero weights to most irrelevant or redundant features, and hence is a promising technique for feature selection. Its limitation, however, is that it only offers solutions to linear models. Kernel machines with feature scaling techniques have been studied for feature selection with non-linear models. However, such approaches require to solve hard non-convex optimization problems. This paper proposes a new approach named the Feature Vector Machine (FVM). It reformulates the standard Lasso regression into a form isomorphic to SVM, and this form can be easily extended for feature selection with non-linear models by introducing kernels defined on feature vectors. FVM generates sparse solutions in the nonlinear feature space and it is much more tractable compared to feature scaling kernel machines. Our experiments with FVM on simulated data show encouraging results in identifying the small number of dominating features that are non-linearly correlated to the response, a task the standard Lasso fails to complete. 1
Grating reflectors for erbium-doped lithium niobate waveguide lasers (1994)

A grating fabrication technology has been established for producing DFB- /DBR-grating structures in Er-doped Ti:LiNbO<SUB>3</SUB> waveguide lasers. It is based on holographically defined resist gratings transferred into the surface of LiNbO<SUB>3</SUB> waveguides using reactive ion etching with SF<SUB>6</SUB> gas as the dry etching technique. For a sample with a 24 mm long surface relief grating of 346 nm period, a transmission drop of -11.7 dB, a filter bandwidth as small as 0.08 nm, a Bragg resonance wavelength at 1528.4 nm very close to the Erbium absorption line at 1531 nm and excess losses attributed to the grating of only 1 to 2 dB were measured.
Mechanical and electrical interactions in bone remodeling (1997)

The natural remodeling and adaptation of skeletal tissues in response to mechanical loading is a classic example of physical regulation in biology. It is largely because it involves forces that do not seem to fit into the familiar schemes of biochemical controls that bone adaptation mechanisms have intrigued us for at least a century. The effect of electromagnetic fields on organisms is another example of this, and the two have become linked in an attempt to explain bone remodeling ("Yasuda's hypothesis"). This paper re-examines the roles of endogenous and exogenous electromagnetic fields in the response of bone to mechanical forces. A series of experiments is reviewed in which mechanical and electrical stimuli were applied to implants in the medullary canal of rabbit long bones. The results suggest that endogenously generated electrical currents are not required to initiate mechanically stimulated bone formation, but that direct mechanical effects on bone cells is the more likely scenario. Based on this and other evidence from the literature, it is suggested that when exogenous electromagnetic stimuli are applied, bone cells respond by modulating the activity of more primary activators such as hormones, growth factors, cytokines, and mechanical forces.
Boosting the performance of weightless neural networks by using a postprocessing transformation of the output scores (2003)

The n-tuple classifier-one of the so-called weightless neural networks-has a number of appealing characteristics such as fast training and response times as well as suitability for hardware implementation. It has been demonstrated that the architecture even in its simple form can be competitive with the more widespread neural network algorithms as well as statistical methods. However, the n-tuple based classification approach has also shown rather poor performance in other cases, especially the architecture has had a tendency to deal inadequately with situations where the training population is highly skewed over the classes in question. A previous theoretical analysis of the classification mechanism has revealed that this short coming of the method essentially can be overcome by invoking a post-processing transformation of the output scores. The paper describes how such a transformation can be derived when the mappings of the output scores are restricted to be linear.
Discovery of a Structurally Novel Opioid .KAPPA.-Agonist Derived from 4,5-Epoxymorphinan. (1998)

A new type of K-agonist, 17-cyclopropylmethyl-3, 14β-dihydroxy-4, 5α-epoxy-6β-[N-methyl-trans-3-(3-furyl)acrylamido]morphinan hydrochloride (1, TRK-820), was discoverd by a new working hypothesis. The "message-address concept" for opioid antagonists and the "accessory site" for general antagonists were applied to design TRK-820. A unique structural feature of TRK-820, which is different from other prototypical K-opioid receptor agonists, is the existence of the 4, 5-epoxymorphinan structure with a tyrosine-glysine moiety for endogenous opioid peptides such as dynorphins. TRK-820 exhibited high potency and high K-selectivity in guinea pig ileum (GPI) and mouse vas deferens (MVD) preparations. In the mouse acetic-acid-induced writhing model and mouse tail flick model of antinociception, TRK-820 was 85-140 times more potent than morphine and 85-350 times more potent than U-50488H. This structurally novel K-agonist showed neither aversion nor preference in the Conditioned Place Preference test, in spite of the fact that prototypes of K-agonists (U-50488H derivatives) demonstrated aversion.
On Simple Repeated GATCA Sequences in Animal Genomes: A Critical Reappraisal (1988)

Simple tandemly organized GATCA sequences occurred in all eukaryotic genomes investigated. The amount and organization of individual GATCA sequences or derivatives thereof vary considerably in animal DNAs and can be assessed by simple but specific hybridization procedures with chemically pure oligonucleotide probes. In several animal species, including humans, GATCA sequences show extensive polymorphism, thus allowing individual-specific "DNA fingerprints." In selected rodents the sex-chromosomal organization of GATCA sequences is being studied extensively, revealing rapid evolutionary changes. In addition, insight can be expected into the sequences involved in obligatory meiotic crossing over between the X and Y chromosomes, into unequal crossing-over events, and into the linkage of GATCA elements to male-specific as well as to male-determining genes on the Y chromosome. The exact provenance of GATCA sequences in present-day eukaryotes cannot be pinpointed, but evolutionary conservation and several modes of de novo generation are discussed. Among these are unequal recombination, slipped strand mispairing, and other unspecified mechanisms. The latter include inherent properties that are responsible for the "selfish" or "ignorant" nature of simple repeats. Expression, if any, of GATCA sequences is critical to the overall significance of these ubiquitously interspersed simple repeats.
A crowdsourcing based mobile image translation and knowledge sharing service (2010)

Travelers in countries that use an unfamiliar script cannot use pocket translators or online translation services to understand menus, maps, signs and other important information, because they are unable to write the text they see. Solutions based on optical character recognition provide very limited performance in real-world situations and for complex scripts such as Chinese and Japanese. In this paper, we propose an alternative image translation solution based on crowdsourcing. A large number of human workers on mobile terminals are used to carry out the tasks of image recognition, translation and quality assurance. Compared to purely technical solutions, this human computation approach is also able to account for context and non-textual cues, and provide higher level information to the end-user. In this paper, we describe a preliminary user study to create a model of end-user requirements.
Spinel oxides: Δ1 spin-filter barrier for a class of magnetic tunnel junctions (2012)

The orbital composition of the electrode wave functions and the complex bands within the barrier band gap are two important factors in deciding the spin-filter effect. This is illustrated in a class of spinel oxides, including MgAl2O4, ZnAl2O4, SiMg2O4, and SiZn2O4. Through first-principles calculations of the complex bands and electron transmission along the [001] direction, they are shown to have the same Δ1 spin-filter effect as MgO due to the combination of both factors. Due to better lattice match with typical bcc magnetic electrodes than MgO, these materials provide a broad spectrum of candidate materials for magnetic tunnel junctions.
Fabrication, Structure and Properties of a Single Carbon Nanotube-Based Nano-Electromechanical System (2019)

The research work evolved in this dissertation presents (i) a foundational study on the atomic structure, transport property, electromechanical actuation, and inter-shell friction of carbon nanotubes using a nano-electromechanical system based on a single carbon nanotube and (ii) a fabrication technique of the nano-electromechanical system which provides a versatile platform for studies on one-dimensional nano-materials such as nanowires or other types of nanotubes. The geometry of having a free suspended carbon nanotube makes the device capable of in situ electromechanical manipulation and electrical resistance measurement on a single nanotube in a transmission electron microscope. The fabrication and the operation of the device are first described in detail. Experimental results are then presented to report the electrical and mechanical properties of single nanotubes and corresponding device characterization. First, chiral indices of a nanotube and its corresponding electrical resistance at room temperature are measured. A physical model based on the band gap theory is established to correlate the electrical resistivity with the atomic structure of the carbon nanotube. Second, I present a direct measurement of the torsional motion of both shells of a double wall carbon nanotube under an external torque on the outer shell. The measurement is performed by actuating a metal paddle attached to the outer shell of the nanotube while the stains of the nanotube are derived from its electron diffraction patterns. The inner shell is found to twist along with the outer shell with no stiction. The inter-shell friction, both static and kinetic, is inferred from direct measurements of each shell's deformation, van der Waals interactions between the two shells, and a tested model of lattice strain. Finally, the handedness of carbon nanotubes is determined using the same device. The implications are also discussed for potential applications and as directions of future research.
The influence of statin characteristics on their safety and tolerability (2004)

The efficacy of the statins for both primary and secondary prevention has now been clearly established in patients across the spectrum of cardiovascular risk. In addition to their primary effect in reducing plasma cholesterol, the statins possess various 'pleiotropic' effects that may contribute to their clinical effectiveness in reducing cardiovascular events, e.g. improvement of endothelial function, reduction of low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol oxidation and stabilisation of atheromatous plaques. Although statins share similar chemical characteristics, they differ significantly in terms of their molecular synthesis, solubility and pharmacokinetic behaviour and metabolism. Side-effects secondary to longterm statin therapy are rare, but rhabdomyolysis may occur when statins are administered together with other drugs that have a direct toxic effect on muscle or which inhibit statin metabolism. Among the various statins, it would appear that fluvastatin has the lowest propensity to interact with other drugs and the least potential to induce myotoxicity.