gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Advancing social science research by applying computational linguistics (2008)

Abstract This paper discusses the growing trend of applying computational thinking and linguistic approaches to social science research, arguing that computational linguistics is a useful but underutilized approach that may potentially be able to make significantly contributions to research in a wide range of social science domains. The paper begins with an introduction to computational thinking and argues that this approach can be applied not only in the sciences but also in the social sciences. Next, the paper discusses the linguistic turn in the social sciences and provides an overview of research on manual content analysis. The following sections describe how automatic content analysis evolved from manual content analysis, and describe how a computational approach can support content analysis. The paper then describes principles and techniques for applying automatic content analysis. Next, the paper gives examples of domains where automatic content analysis is already being applied and domains where it could be applied in the future. Finally, the paper calls attention to the need for additional work in this area.
Efficacy of moxidectin against a strain of Haemonchus contortus resistant to ivermectin, a benzimidazole and a salicylanilide. (1993)

The efficacy of moxidectin at 0.2 mg kg-1 live body mass against the multiple anthelmintic resistant White River Krtz strain of H. contortus was determined and compared to that of ivermectin, a benzimidazole, a salicylanilide and levamisole. Moxidectin and levamisole were effective against this strain of H. contortus and reduced the arithmetic mean burdens of this parasite in the sheep by 99.98% and 99.59%, respectively, while the efficacy of ivermectin, albendazole and closantel was only 29.1%, 33.75% and 78.3%, respectively.
ARES: a new reflective/emissive imaging spectrometer for terrestrial applications (2003)

A new airborne imaging spectrometer introduced: the ARES (Airborne Reflective Emissive Spectrometer) to be built by Integrated Spectronics, Sydney, Australia, financed by DLR German Aerospace Center and the GFZ GeoResearch Center Potsdam, Germany, and will be available to the scientific community from 2003/2004 on. The ARES sensor will provide 160 channels in the solar reflective region (0.45-2.45 μm) and the thermal region (8-13 μm). It will consists of two separate coregistered optical systems for the reflective and thermal part of the spectrum. The spectral resolution is intended to be between 12 and 15 nm in the solar wavelength range and should reach 150nm in the thermal. ARES will be used mainly for environmental applications in terrestrial ecosystems. The thematic focus is thought to be on soil sciences, geology, agriculture and forestry. Limnologic applications should be possible but will not play a key role in the thematic applications. For all above mentioned key application scenarios the spectral response of soils, rocks, and vegetation as well as their mixtures contain the valuable information to be extracted and quantified. The radiometric requirements for the instrument have been modelled based on realistic application scenarios and account for the most demanding requirements of the three application fields: a spectral bandwidth of 15 nm in the 0.45-1.8 μm region, and 12 nm in the 2 - 2.45 μm region. The required noise equivalent radiance is 0.005, 0.003, and 0.003 mWcm-2sr-1μm-1 for the spectral regions 0.45-1 μm, 1 - 1.8 μm, and 2 - 2.45 μm, respectively.
Echo range finding (1990)

Views Icon Views Article contents Figures & tables Video Audio Supplementary Data Peer Review Share Icon Share Twitter Facebook Reddit LinkedIn Tools Icon Tools Reprints and Permissions Cite Icon Cite Search Site Citation James A. McKnight, Leslie M. Barrett; Echo range finding. J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 1 January 1990; 87 (1): 465. https://doi.org/10.1121/1.399250 Download citation file: Ris (Zotero) Reference Manager EasyBib Bookends Mendeley Papers EndNote RefWorks BibTex toolbar search Search Dropdown Menu toolbar search search input Search input auto suggest filter your search All ContentAcoustical Society of AmericaThe Journal of the Acoustical Society of America Search Advanced Search |Citation Search
Chinese tallow tree (Sapium sebiferum) utilization: characterization of extractives and cell-wall chemistry. (2007)

Wood, bark, and the wax-coated seeds from Chinese tallow tree (Sapium sebiferum (L.) Roxb.syn.Triadica sebifera (L.) Small), an invasive tree species in the southeastern United States, were subjected to extractions and degradative chemical analyses in an effort to better understand the mechanism(s) by which this tree species aggressively competes against native vegetation, and also to facilitate utilization efforts.Analysis of the wood extractives by FTIR spectroscopy showed functionalities analogous to those in hydrolyzable tannins, which appeared to be abundant in the bark; as expected, the seeds had a high wax/oil content (43.1%).Compared to other fast-growing hardwoods, the holocellulose content for the Chinese tallow tree wood was somewhat higher (83.3%).The alpha-cellulose (48.3%) and Klason lignin (20.3%) contents were found to be similar to those for most native North American hardwoods.Results suggest that Chinese tallow tree wood utilization along with commercial wood species should not present any significant processing problems related to the extractives or cell-wall chemistry.
New Umami Amides: Structure–Taste Relationship Studies of Cinnamic Acid Derived Amides and the Natural Occurrence of an Intense Umami Amide in <i>Zanthoxylum piperitum</i> (2015)

A series of aromatic amides were synthesized from various acids and amines selected from naturally occurring structural frameworks. These synthetic amides were evaluated for umami taste in comparison with monosodium glutamate. The effect of the substitution pattern of both the acid and the amine parts on umami taste was investigated. The only intensely umami-tasting amides were those made from 3,4-dimethoxycinnamic acid. The amine part was more tolerant to structural changes. Amides bearing an alkyl- or alkoxy-substituted phenylethylamine residue displayed a clean umami taste as 20 ppm solutions in water. Ultraperformance liquid chromatography coupled with a high quadrupole-Orbitrap mass spectrometer (UPLC/MS) was subsequently used to show the natural occurrence of these amides. (E)-3-(3,4-Dimethoxyphenyl)-N-(4-methoxyphenethyl)acrylamide was shown to occur in the roots and stems of Zanthoxylum piperitum, a plant of the family Rutaceae growing in Korea, Japan, and China.
Device Discovery in Device Management Systems for Cellular Networks (2007)

As mobile phones get increasingly complicated the demands for an effective firmware update service increase. A proposed solution is Firmware Over The Air (FOTA) and the Open Mobile Alliance’s Device Management where mobile phones can be updated and managed via the mobile phone network. However, before these operations can be carried out, all FOTA capable mobile phones that should be served must be discovered and registered with a distributor of updates. The information provided must be sufficient to uniquely identify devices, initiate a Device Management session, and determine if a firmware update is needed. This thesis addresses the problems that a solution in automatically collecting this information. Several solutions are presented and their suitability evaluated on the basis of defined and analyzed requirements. The solutions most thoroughly examined are various manual solutions, retrieval of information from core network nodes, and utilizing the Short Message Service (SMS) or Unstructured Supplementary Service Data (USSD). A phone application has been implemented according to the requirements from the Chinese network operator China Mobile Communications Corporation (CMCC). It is a part of a solution in which the information is delivered via a SMS session. The design and development phase of the application is described, accompanied by a brief description of the Symbian OS and the working environment (tools, devices, etc.) needed to implement this solution. This work took place at the Sony Ericsson office in Beijing, China. The application implemented is robust and it is impossible to avoid registration, furthermore the user can not be exposed to acknowledgement messages. It has been made possible on the cost of decreased phone performance (a few kB of memory) since the application runs all the time. Malfunctioning phone or network may hinder registration.
Factor VII and haemostasis. (1990)

The role of factor VII in the haemostatic mechanism as well as thrombosis has recently gained new interest. Today's concept that factor VII may be a key regulator in the initiation of blood coagulation is based on studies that provide new evidence for a mandatory activation of factor VII to factor VIIa in blood. Exposure of thromboplastin to the circulation may not trigger activation of blood coagulation before the one chain factor VII is converted to the active two chain form of factor VIIa. A hypothetical model is proposed for the initiation and subsequent activation steps of the blood coagulation process. In this model, it is suggested that circulating activators of factor VII activate inactive complexes of thromboplastin-factor VII. Subsequently, newly generated factor Xa will accelerate this reaction and thereafter be the most potent activator of factor VII. This model would also fit with the clinical observation that moderate factor VII deficiency may be associated with thrombotic episodes discussed in this communication. This article also discusses the role of recombinant factor VIIa in the treatment of factor VIII deficiency patients with acquired factor VIII inhibitors, factor VII and ischemic heart disease and the factor VII-phospholipid complex, and the regulation of the thromboplastin-factor VIIa complex by factor Xa and extrinsic pathway inhibitor (EPI).
Monolithic phase shifter for S-band inter-satellite data relay antenna (1993)

The author reports the design and measurement of a five-bit, switched filter, MMIC phase shifter. The circuit achieves a small r.m.s. phase shift error, low insertion loss and minimal insertion loss variation over the 2.2-2.3 GHz design band. >
Robot Global Path Planning Based on Improved Second-Order PSO Algorithm (2022)

When using particle swarm optimization (PSO) to realize the global path planning of the robot, premature convergence and falling into the local optimum often occur. Therefore, an improved second-order PSO is used to improve premature convergence and analyze its stability. The logistic function relationship is established between the inertia weight and the learning factors. Using linearly decreasing inertia weight and adaptive learning factors, making the inertia weight change together with the learning factors to change the global or local flight ability to improve the ability to jump out of the local optimum. Through simulation comparison, it is proved that the improved second-order PSO proposed in this paper has the ability to jump out of the local optimum in the global path planning, and at the same time avoids premature convergence, and can also improve the convergence speed of the algorithm, which verifies the effectiveness of the algorithm.
T-cell TGF-β signaling abrogation restricts medulloblastoma progression (2014)

Cancer cell secretion of TGF-β is a potent mechanism for immune evasion. However, little is known about how central nervous system tumors guard against immune eradication. We sought to determine the impact of T-cell TGF-β signaling blockade on progression of medulloblastoma (MB), the most common pediatric brain tumor. Genetic abrogation of T-cell TGF-β signaling mitigated tumor progression in the smoothened A1 (SmoA1) transgenic MB mouse. T regulatory cells were nearly abolished and antitumor immunity was mediated by CD8 cytotoxic T lymphocytes. To define the CD8 T-cell subpopulation responsible, primed CD8 T cells were adoptively transferred into tumor-bearing immunocompromised SmoA1 recipients. This led to generation of CD8(+)/killer cell lectin-like receptor G1 high (KLRG1(hi))/IL-7R(lo) short-lived effector cells that expressed granzyme B at the tumor. These results identify a cellular immune mechanism whereby TGF-β signaling blockade licenses the T-cell repertoire to kill pediatric brain tumor cells.
Medical Process Patents and Patient Privacy Rights, 14 J. Marshall J. Computer & Info. L. 131 (1995) (1995)

The author analyzes the patentability of medical processes and the effect patentability has on the right to privacy essential in a physician-patient relationship. Part II of the comment provides a the legal background on the issue of the patentability of medical processes. Part III examines the impact of enforcing medical process patents and the effect disclosure of medical records has upon the privacy of the physician-patient relationship when owners of patents try to expose patent infringement. Part IV advocates that Congress should amend the Patent Act to preserve patient privacy rights when infringement is investigated. According to the author, such a proposal would alleviate concerns that patients have about disclosing information to their physicians that may be released to third parties. According to the author, amending the Patent Act would allow physician keep their rights to patent their new medical process, while at the same time serving their patents by providing them with effective diagnostic treatments and medical processes.
Biochemical, Mechanistic, and Spectroscopic Characterization of Metallo-β-lactamase VIM-2 (2014)

This study examines metal binding to metallo-β-lactamase VIM-2, demonstrating the first successful preparation of a Co(II)-substituted VIM-2 analogue. Spectroscopic studies of the half- and fully metal loaded enzymes show that both Zn(II) and Co(II) bind cooperatively, where the major species present, regardless of stoichiometry, are apo- and di-Zn (or di-Co) enzymes. We determined the di-Zn VIM-2 structure to a resolution of 1.55 Å, and this structure supports results from spectroscopic studies. Kinetics, both steady-state and pre-steady-state, show that VIM-2 utilizes a mechanism that proceeds through a very short-lived anionic intermediate when chromacef is used as the substrate. Comparison with other B1 enzymes shows that those that bind Zn(II) cooperatively are better poised to protonate the intermediate on its formation, compared to those that bind Zn(II) non-cooperatively, which uniformly build up substantial amounts of the intermediate.
Serum lipids and hippocampal volume: The link to Alzheimer's disease? (2004)

The association between hippocampal volume (as a presumed index of Alzheimer's disease pathology) with serum total cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol was studied in 86 elderly subjects with a range of cognitive functions. High-density lipoprotein cholesterol, but not low-density lipoprotein cholesterol or total cholesterol, was associated with hippocampal volume and dementia. This is compatible with protective effects of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol on hippocampal atrophy and Alzheimer's disease.
A distributed look-up architecture for text mining applications using mapreduce (2011)

Text mining applications typically involve statistical models that require accessing and updating model parameters in an iterative fashion. With the growing size of the data, such models become extremely parameter rich, and naive parallel implementations fail to address the scalability problem of maintaining a distributed look-up table that maps model parameters to their values. We evaluate several existing alternatives to provide coordination among worker nodes in Hadoop [11] clusters, and suggest a new multi-layered look-up architecture that is specifically optimized for certain problem domains. Our solution exploits the power-law distribution characteristics of the phrase or n-gram counts in large corpora while utilizing a Bloom Filter [2], in-memory cache, and an HBase [12] cluster at varying levels of abstraction.
An investigation into the effect of ageing on expert memory with CHREST (2007)

CHREST is a cognitive architecture that models human perception, learning, memory, and problem solving, and which has successfully simulated numerous human experimental data on chess. In this paper, we describe an investigation into the effects of ageing on expert memory using CHREST. The results of the simulations are related to the literature on ageing. The study illustrates how Computational Intelligence can be used to understand complex phenomena that are affected by multiple variables dynamically evolving as a function of time and that have direct practical implications for human societies. 1
Cone Contacts, Mosaics, and Territories of Bipolar Cells in the Mouse Retina (2009)

We report a quantitative analysis of the different bipolar cell types of the mouse retina. They were identified in wild-type mice by specific antibodies or in transgenic mouse lines by specific expression of green fluorescent protein or Clomeleon. The bipolar cell densities, their cone contacts, their dendritic coverage, and their axonal tiling were measured in retinal whole mounts. The results show that each and all cones are contacted by at least one member of any given type of bipolar cell (not considering genuine blue cones). Consequently, each cone feeds its light signals into a minimum of 10 different bipolar cells. Parallel processing of an image projected onto the retina, therefore, starts at the first synapse of the retina, the cone pedicle. The quantitative analysis suggests that our proposed catalog of 11 cone bipolar cells and one rod bipolar cell is complete, and all major bipolar cell types of the mouse retina appear to have been discovered.
Preparation of 20-HETE using multifunctional enzyme type 2-negative Starmerella bombicola (2013)

The metabolism of arachidonic acid (ARA) by cytochrome P450 ω/ω-1-hydroxylases leads to the formation of 20-hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid (20-HETE), which is an important lipid-signaling molecule involved in regulation of vascular tone, angiogenesis, and inflammation. Development of a simple method to prepare 20-HETE would greatly facilitate the investigation of its biological activities. The nonpathogenic yeast Starmerella bombicola has been shown to convert exogenously added arachidonic acid to 20-HETE via the biosynthetic pathway of sophorolipids; however, the yield was low. Here we demonstrate that genetic knockout of multifunctional enzyme type 2 (MFE-2), which is involved in the β-oxidation of fatty acids, significantly increases the yield of ARA conversion to 20-HETE and allows practical preparation of 20-HETE.
TAB-BackSpace (2011)

This paper presents TAB-BackSpace, our novel scheme to provide the effect of an unlimited-length trace buffer with no on-chip overhead beyond the existing debug logic. We present the theoretical foundation of our work, simulation studies on how we reduce the possibility of computing an erroneous trace, and results from the bring-up lab on real silicon of an IBM POWER7 processor, where TAB-BackSpace computes almost a thousand additional cycles of trace buffer information without any additional on-chip overhead.
Irinotecan (CPT-11) metabolism and disposition in cancer patients. (1998)

The objective of this study was to determine the metabolic fate and disposition of the antitumor camptothecine derivative irinotecan (CPT-11). Ten patients with histological proof of malignant solid tumor received 200 mg/m2 CPT-11 as a 90-min i.v. infusion, followed by a 1.5-h i.v. infusion of cisplatin (60 or 80 mg/m2). Plasma, urine, and feces were collected for 56 h and analyzed by a specific reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatographic assay for the parent drug and all four metabolites positively identified to date: SN-38; its beta-glucuronide conjugate, SN-38 beta-glucoronide (SN-38G); 7-ethyl-10-[4-N-(5-aminopentanoic acid)-1-piperidino]-carbonyloxycamptothecine (APC); and 7-ethyl-10-[4-N-(1-piperidino)-1-amino]-carbonyloxycamptothecine (NPC). A three-exponential decline was observed in plasma for all compounds, with a clear predominance of the parent drug [25.6+/-5.71 microM x h (CPT-11) versus 15.8+/-3.51 microM x h (total metabolites)]. Total urinary excretion was 28.1+/-10.6% of the dose, with unchanged CPT-11 and SN-38G as the main excretion products. Whereas renal clearance of SN-38 was only a minor route of drug elimination, fecal concentrations of this compound were unexpectedly high (on average, 2.45% of the dose), suggestive of intestinal hydrolysis of SN-38G by bacterial beta-glucuronidase. CPT-11 and the other metabolites could also be identified from fecal extracts, with a very minor contribution overall of the cytochrome P-450-mediated compounds 7-ethyl-10-[4-N-(1-piperidino)-1-amino]-carbonyloxycamptothecine and 7-ethyl-10-[4-N-(5-aminopentanoic acid)-1-piperidino]-carbonyloxycamptothecine. Surprisingly, fecal excretion accounted for only 24.4+/-13.3% of the dose, leading to a total excretion of approximately 52%. These data indicate that half of the dose in urine and feces may constitute some further unknown nonextractable or nonfluorescent metabolites. The findings from this study should be of importance as a guide to further therapeutic evaluation of this drug.
<title>Resolution enhancement through a temporal accumulation of registered video</title> (2001)

This paper outlines a generalized image reconstruction approach that improves the resolution of an Electro-Optic (EO) imaging sensor based on multiple frame exposures during a temporal window of video. Such an approach is innovative in that it does not depend on controlled micro dithering of the camera, nor require the set of exposures to maintain any strictly defined transformation. It suffices to assume such video is physically captured by a focal plane array, and loosely requires some relative motion between sensor and subject.
Hydrothermal Spallation Drilling Technology: An Alternative Method of Geothermal Energy Development (2017)

Hydrothermal Spallation Drilling (HSD) is a relatively new method suitable for drilling through hard and brittle rocks usually encountered in deep wells and more commonly in geothermal well drilling. Up to 70% of the cost of a geothermal energy project is spent on drilling since today almost all deep wells are drilled by conventional rotary drilling. Among all sustainable energy sources geothermal energy has an advantage of its energy production being independent of climatic conditions, however to allow installation of geothermal power plants geothermal wells have to be drilled at low costs. Conventional rotary drilling in hard formation is expensive because of bit wear which causes more tripping during drilling and hence increases the cost. Therefore, HSD comes in to save the cost of drilling by up to 15-20%. This document reviews the technology, its mechanism, status and future. With the global increment in the contribution of geothermal energy expected in the future, 5% of global energy by 2050, HSD is a game changing technology to increase the profitability and competitiveness of geothermal energy in relation with other sources of energy. However, just like any other technology HSD has shortfalls which are discussed in this document. These shortfalls have set a trend in the research world which has been mainly conducted in Switzerland and US. Overall assessment of the technology is promising and it will work to supplement conventional rotary drilling rather than replace it.