gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Analytical Performance Derivation of Hybrid ARQ Schemes at IP Layer (2012)

In this paper we derive performance metrics closed-form expressions of retransmission schemes such as Automatic Repeat reQuest (ARQ) and Hybrid ARQ (HARQ) in the case of memoryless block fading channels. As performance metrics, we consider the Packet Error Rate (PER), the efficiency, and the packet delay. The novelty of the paper is twofold: i) the metrics are considered at the Network level; ii) we introduce a new general framework which enables us to derive analytically the considered performance metrics for most retransmission schemes, including recent cross-layer strategies with the Network layer. The metrics at the Medium Access Control (MAC) level are obtained as a byproduct. Among the considered retransmission schemes, we especially consider the Incremental Redundancy HARQ scheme with different lengths redundancy packets.
Apolipoprotein E in the brain and its role in Alzheimer's disease. (1996)

Recent evidence indicates that apolipoprotein E (apoE) plays a central role in the brain response to injury. The coordinated expression of apoE and its main receptor, the apoE/apoB (LDL) receptor, appears to regulate the transport of cholesterol and phospholipids during the different phases of the reinnervation process. The recent discovery that a peculiar form of apoE, the apoE4, is strongly linked to both sporadic and familial late onset Alzheimer's disease (AD) raises the possibility that a dysfunction of the lipid transport system associated with compensatory sprouting and synaptic remodelling could be central to the AD process. The role of apoE in the central nervous system (CNS) is particularly important in relation to the function of the cholinergic system which relies to a certain extent on the integrity of phospholipid homeostasis in neurons. Recent evidence suggests that apoE4 allele has a direct impact on cholinergic function in AD.
New method for mode-field radius measurements in single-mode fibres based on harmonics detection (1986)

A new, easily implementable technique for mode-field radius measurement is described. It is based on a dynamical filtering and the detection of two harmonics of the fibre output radiation. The results are presented and discussed.
Some Important, Fairly New Uses of Colloidal Silica/Silica Sol (2005)

Dilute silica sols were prepared and studied over 70 years ago. Their uses as binders in catalyst preparation, as glazes on ceramics, as coatings on concrete and plaster of Paris, as agents for treating paper and textiles, and several other applications were investigated [1]. These early silica sols contained less than 10% by weight of silica, were fairly unstable and did not have reproducible proper- ties. Iler [2] predicted that colloidal silica would not be accepted for wide commercial use before these short- comings were remedied.
A new, soft-switched boost converter with isolated active snubber (2002)

A boost converter which employs an isolated active snubber to reduce the losses caused by the reverse-recovery characteristic of the boost rectifier and the turn-on discharge loss of the output capacitance of the boost switch is described. The proposed isolated active snubber consists of a coupled inductor, clamp capacitor, and ground-referenced N-type MOSFET. The performance of the proposed converter is evaluated on an 1-kW, universal-line-range, boost input-current shaper.
Electrical stimulation of human muscle studied using <sup>31</sup>P‐nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (1986)

This study used phosphorous nuclear magnetic resonance (31P-NMR) spectroscopy to examine the metabolic demand resulting from electrical muscle stimulation (EMS) applied to human skeletal muscle. For each of six subjects, the forearm flexor muscle group was monitored with 31P-NMR during both maximum voluntary and 6-s EMS-induced contractions. A simple protocol using a tourniquet was added in one subject to assess the role of blood flow in this model. Eight hertz (nontetanic) EMS showed less (p less than 0.025) depletion of phosphocreatine (36%) than did tetanic 70-Hz EMS (60%), voluntary isometric (66%), and voluntary isokinetic (68%). The results of the tourniquet studies suggested that the nontetanic EMS allowed relatively increased muscle blood flow and oxygen supply during contraction. Tetanic EMS provided a similar metabolic demand to that of conventional resistive exercise, as measured by 31P-NMR spectroscopy.
Unconditional Security Proof of Long-Distance Continuous-Variable Quantum Key Distribution with Discrete Modulation (2009)

We present a continuous-variable quantum key distribution protocol combining a discrete modulation and reverse reconciliation. This protocol is proven unconditionally secure and allows the distribution of secret keys over long distances, thanks to a reverse reconciliation scheme efficient at very low signal-to-noise ratio.
Screening of Protective Antigens of Japanese Encephalitis Virus by DNA Immunization: a Comparative Study with Conventional Viral Vaccines (1999)

In this study, we evaluated the relative role of the structural and nonstructural proteins of the Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV) in inducing protective immunities and compared the results with those induced by the inactivated JEV vaccine. Several inbred and outbred mouse strains immunized with a plasmid (pE) encoding the JEV envelope protein elicited a high level of protection against a lethal JEV challenge similar to that achieved by the inactivated vaccine, whereas all the other genes tested, including those encoding the capsid protein and the nonstructural proteins NS1-2A, NS3, and NS5, were ineffective. Moreover, plasmid pE delivered by intramuscular or gene gun injections produced much stronger and longer-lasting JEV envelope-specific antibody responses than immunization of mice with the inactivated JEV vaccine did. Interestingly, intramuscular immunization of plasmid pE generated high-avidity antienvelope antibodies predominated by the immunoglobulin G2a (IgG2a) isotype similar to a sublethal live virus immunization, while gene gun DNA immunization and inactivated JEV vaccination produced antienvelope antibodies of significantly lower avidity accompanied by a higher IgG1-to-IgG2a ratio. Taken together, these results demonstrate that the JEV envelope protein represents the most critical antigen in providing protective immunity.
Genome Sequence of <i>Yersinia pestis</i> KIM (2002)

We present the complete genome sequence of Yersinia pestis KIM, the etiologic agent of bubonic and pneumonic plague. The strain KIM, biovar Mediaevalis, is associated with the second pandemic, including the Black Death. The 4.6-Mb genome encodes 4,198 open reading frames (ORFs). The origin, terminus, and most genes encoding DNA replication proteins are similar to those of Escherichia coli K-12. The KIM genome sequence was compared with that of Y. pestis CO92, biovar Orientalis, revealing homologous sequences but a remarkable amount of genome rearrangement for strains so closely related. The differences appear to result from multiple inversions of genome segments at insertion sequences, in a manner consistent with present knowledge of replication and recombination. There are few differences attributable to horizontal transfer. The KIM and E. coli K-12 genome proteins were also compared, exposing surprising amounts of locally colinear "backbone," or synteny, that is not discernible at the nucleotide level. Nearly 54% of KIM ORFs are significantly similar to K-12 proteins, with conserved housekeeping functions. However, a number of E. coli pathways and transport systems and at least one global regulator were not found, reflecting differences in lifestyle between them. In KIM-specific islands, new genes encode candidate pathogenicity proteins, including iron transport systems, putative adhesins, toxins, and fimbriae.
Interaction of Trichoplusia ni granulosis virus-encoded enhancin with the midgut epithelium and peritrophic membrane of four lepidopteran insects (1994)

Enhancin, an infectivity-enhancing protein from Trichoplusia ni granulosis virus (TnGV) was tested for its ability to increase Autographa californica multiple nucleocapsid nuclear polyhedrosis virus (AcMNPV) infection in the larvae of four lepidopteran insects. Enhancin increased the mortality of AcMNPV infection in all the four insect species tested. Peritrophic membrane (PM) assays showed altered protein profiles in PMs treated with enhancin in all the four species. This supports the hypothesis that enhancin affects virus infection by altering the structural integrity of the PMs. The binding of enhancin to the midgut brush border membranes (BBMs) was determined and specific binding sites were found on the BBM of Pseudaletia unipuncta. No specific binding sites were found on the BBMs of T. ni, Helicoverpa zea or Spodoptera exigua. Therefore, specific binding of enhancin to the midgut cell membrane may not be necessary for the enhancement of baculovirus infection in insects.
Fabrication and properties of monofilamentary MgB<sub>2</sub>superconducting tapes (2003)

Nickel-sheathed MgB2 tapes were fabricated by means of the powder-in-tube method with a monocore configuration of the superconductor. The metallic tubes were filled with commercial reacted powders and cold-worked, respectively, by groove rolling, drawing, and rolling to flat tapes of about 4 mm in width and 0.35 mm in thickness. Portions of the manufactured conductors were heat-treated in an argon atmosphere at temperatures up to 940 °C. Conductors were characterized by transport measurements to determine the magnetic field dependence of the critical current density, the irreversibility line, as well as to establish an initial relationship between the thermo-mechanical treatment and the current carrying capacity of the manufactured MgB2 samples. Our optimized samples for the low field operation carry a critical current density of at least 4 × 105 A cm−2 at 4.2 K, 1 T. The main outcome of this study, however, is that the optimal heat treatment condition changes if the MgB2 conductor has to be employed respectively for a low- or high-field operation. Finally, the first successful demonstration of the current carrying capability of longer MgB2 tapes is also reported in this paper.
Acetal metathesis polymerization (AMP): A method for synthesizing biorenewable polyacetals (2012)

Polyalkylene acetals are synthesized from simple bio-derived diols and diethoxymethane via a novel technique involving interchange of acetal functional groups. This Acetal Metathesis Polymerization (AMP) method provides a route to polyacetals that are designed to degrade under abiotic conditions via simple acid-catalyzed hydrolysis.
Instant 3Descatter (2006)

Imaging in scattering media such as fog and water is important but challenging. Images suffer from poor visibility due to backscattering and signal attenuation. Most prior methods for visibility improvement use active illumination scanners (structured and gated), which are slow and cumbersome. On the other hand, natural illumination is inapplicable to dark environments. The current paper counters these deficiencies. We study the formation of images under wide field (non-scanning) artificial illumination. We discovered some characteristics of backscattered light empirically. Based on these, the paper presents a visibility recovery approach which also yields a rough estimate of the 3D scene structure. The method is simple and requires compact hardware, using active wide field polarized illumination. Two images of the scene are instantly taken, with different states of a camera-mounted polarizer. A recovery algorithm then follows. We demonstrate the approach in underwater field experiments.
Binary image registration using cellular simultaneous recurrent networks (2009)

Cellular simultaneous recurrent networks (CSRN)s have been successfully exploited to solve the conventional maze traversing problem. In this work, for the first time, we investigate the use of CSRNs for image registration under affine transformations. In our simulations, we consider binary images with in-plane rotations between plusmn20deg. First, we experiment with a readily available CSRN with generalized multilayer perceptrons (GMLP)s as the basic core. We identify performance criteria for such CSRNs in affine correction. We then propose a modified MLP architecture with multi-layered feedback as the core for a CSRN to improve binary image registration performance. Simulation results show that while both the GMLP network and our modified network are able to achieve localized image registration, our modified architecture is more effective in moving pixels for registration. Finally, we use sub-image processing with our modified MLP architecture, to reduce training time and increase global registration accuracy. Overall, both CSRN architectures show promise for correctly registering a binary image.
Polydiacetylenes with Long Wavelength Absorption (1998)

A series of 1,6-disubstituted-2,4-hexadiynes, where the substituents are para-substituted benzene rings that have either a dicyanovinyl or tricyanovinyl group as one substituent and have either an oxygen or N-alkyl group connecting to the hexadiyne chain, was designed to lead to polydiacetylenes (PDAs) with long wavelength absorption, and these PDAs were synthesized. These new compounds, in contrast to other diacetylene monomers, are relatively insensitive to ultraviolet light and ionizing radiation under ambient temperature and require heating above 100 °C to bring about preparatively useful conversion to polymer. The new PDAs have the usual en-yne backbone structure as shown by Raman spectroscopy. Three of the new PDAs exhibit maxima in diffuse reflectance at wavelengths as long as or longer than the PDA of 1,6-di-N-carbazolyl-2,4-hexadiyne.
Bifocal sampling for skew-resistant join size estimation (1996)

This paper introduces bifocal sampling, a new technique for estimating the size of an equi-join of two relations. Bifocal sampling classifies tuples in each relation into two groups, sparse and dense, based on the number of tuples with the same join value. Distinct estimation procedures are employed that focus on various combinations for joining tuples (e.g., for estimating the number of joining tuples that are dense in both relations). This combination of estimation procedures overcomes some well-known problems in previous schemes, enabling good estimates with no a priori knowledge about the data distribution. The estimate obtained by the bifocal sampling algorithm is proven to lie with high probability within a small constant factor of the actual join size, regardless of the skew, as long as the join size is Ω(n lg n), for relations consisting of n tuples. The algorithm requires a sample of size at most O(√n lg n). By contrast, previous algorithms using a sample of similar size may require the join size to be Ω(n√n) to guarantee an accurate estimate. Experimental results support the theoretical claims and show that bifocal sampling is practical and effective.
Efficient helper data reduction in SRAM PUFs via lossy compression (2018)

Fuzzy extractors used in PUF-based key generation require storage of helper data in non-volatile memory (NVM). The challenge of using SRAM PUF-based key generation on FP-GAs is that high-capacity NVM, such as Flash, is not available on chip. Only expensive one-time-programmable (OTP) memory with limited capacity, such as e-fuses, can be utilized to store helper data. Our work allows a significant reduction of helper data size (HDS) through two innovative techniques. The first uses biterror-rate (BER)-aware lossy compression: by treating a fraction of reliable bits as unreliable, it effectively reduces the size of the reliability mask. Considering practical costs of error characterization, the second technique permits across-temperature HDS minimization strategies based on bit-selection (with or without subsequent compression) using room-temperature only characterization. The method is based on stochastic concentration theory and allows efficiently forming confidence intervals for true worst-case BER. We use it to enable lossy compression and key reconstruction with success arbitrarily close to certainty. Results show that compared to maskless alternative, the proposed algorithm achieves an up to 4.5X HDS reduction with only 60% raw bits. Compared to lossless compression, we achieve a further 25% total HDS reduction, at the cost of doubling the number of raw PUF bits, for a 128-bit key. When bit-specific across-temperature characterization is not possible, our method achieves a significant 2.4X helper data reduction compared to the maskless alternative for extracting a 128-bit key and a 3X reduction for a 256-bit key.
Improvement of Vehicle Maneuverability by Direct Yaw Moment Control (1993)

SUMMARY This paper deals with a study to theoretically formulate an effective method of improving vehicle performance, particularly, its characteristics in the nonlinear region, and to verify the feasibility of the proposed method by calculations and examinations. In order to analyze vehicle characteristics in the nonlinear region, a new method of analysis was developed for determining yaw moment and side force of the vehicle with a parameter of the side slip angle at the center of gravity when its center of gravity point was fixed. The study with this new method found that direct yaw moment control by proper distribution of traction and braking forces on the right and left tires could provide a very effective means of stabilizing vehicle characteristics, specifically for acceleration and deceleration, and enlarging the limit of vehicle maneuverability.
Identifying epileptic source location and extent: An iterative sparse electromagnetic source imaging algorithm (2016)

In this paper we have introduced a novel electromagnetic source imaging (ESI) technique and demonstrated its validity and excellent performance in imaging the location and extent of underlying epileptic sources in patients suffering from focal epilepsy. The proposed algorithm employs ideas from sparse signal processing literature and convex optimization theories to improve source imaging results obtained from scalp-recorded electroencephalogram (EEG). EEG source imaging results generally use subjective methods to determine the extent of the underlying brain activity. The proposed technique provides significant improvement in dealing with such shortcomings and eliminates the need for thresholding. The results of our computer simulations and clinical validation study demonstrate the excellent performance of the proposed algorithm and suggest it may become a useful tool for objectively determining the location and extent of focal epileptic activity in a noninvasive fashion.
AN IMPROVED AUTONOMOUS EXPLORATION FRAMEWORK FOR INDOOR MOBILE ROBOTICS USING REDUCED APPROXIMATED GENERALIZED VORONOI GRAPHS (2020)

Abstract. In the field of autonomous navigation for robotics, one of the most challenging issues is to locate the Next-Best-View and to guide robotics through a previously unknown environment. Existing methods based on generalized Voronoi graphs (GVGs) have presented feasible solutions but require excessive computation to construct GVGs from metric maps, and the GVGs are usually redundant. This paper proposes a reduced approximated GVG (RAGVG), which provides a topological representation of the explored space with a smaller graph. To be specific, a fast and practical algorithm for constructing RAGVGs from metric maps is presented, and a RAGVG-based autonomous robotic exploration framework is designed and implemented. The proposed method for constructing RAGVGs is validated with two known common maps, while the RAGVG-based autonomous exploration framework is tested on two simulation and one real-world museum. The experimental results show that the proposed algorithm is efficient in constructing RAGVGs, and indicate that the mobile robot controlled by the RAGVG-based autonomous exploration framework, compared with famous frontiers-based method, reduced the total time by approximately 20% for the given tasks.
Putative Quorum-Sensing Regulator BlxR of<i>Brucella melitensis</i>Regulates Virulence Factors Including the Type IV Secretion System and Flagella (2008)

Brucella melitensis is an intracellular pathogen that establishes a replicative niche within macrophages. While the intracellular lifestyle of Brucella is poorly understood and few virulence factors have been identified, components of a quorum-sensing pathway in Brucella have recently been identified. The LuxR-type regulatory protein, VjbR, and an N-acylhomoserine lactone signaling molecule are both involved in regulating expression of the virB-encoded type IV secretion system. We have identified a second LuxR-type regulatory protein (BlxR) in Brucella. Microarray analysis of a blxR mutant suggests that BlxR regulates the expression of a number of genes, including those encoding the type IV secretion system and flagella. Confirming these results, deletion of blxR in B. melitensis reduced the transcriptional activities of promoters for the virB operon, flagellar genes, and another putative virulence factor gene, bopA. Furthermore, our data suggested that both BlxR and VjbR are positively autoregulated and cross-regulate the expression of each other. The blxR deletion strain exhibited reduced growth in macrophages, similar to that observed for a vjbR deletion strain. However, unlike the vjbR deletion, the blxR deletion did not fully attenuate virulence in mice. More strikingly, bioluminescent imaging revealed that dissemination of the blxR mutant was similar to that of wild-type B. melitensis, while the vjbR mutant was defective for systemic spread in IRF-1(-/-) mice, suggesting that these regulators are not functionally redundant but that they converge in a common pathway regulating bacterial processes.
Fast efficient algorithm for enhancement of low lighting video (2011)

We describe a novel and effective video enhancement algorithm for low lighting video. The algorithm works by first inverting an input low-lighting video and then applying an optimized image de-haze algorithm on the inverted video. To facilitate faster computation, temporal correlations between subsequent frames are utilized to expedite the calculation of key algorithm parameters. Simulation results show excellent enhancement results and 4× speed up as compared with the frame-wise enhancement algorithms.
A fault-tolerant communication architecture for real-time control systems (2002)

Modern distributed computer control systems have to provide both highly reliable and hard real-time communication. To meet these requirements, a communication protocol adapted to the characteristics of data to be transferred has to be chosen. Concerning high reliability, additional measures have to be taken, since current protocols of the field-bus domain do not provide sufficient fault tolerance capabilities, especially with regard to fault detection and redundancy management. The article introduces a system architecture and fault-tolerant protocol mechanisms based on the communication protocol CAN. The system is suitable for large-scale control systems, which have to cope with both periodically and spontaneously occurring data.