gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
An evaluation of the performance of XLD, DCA, MLCB, and ABC agars as direct plating media for the isolation of Salmonella enterica from faeces (2002)

Where the earlier results of direct plating may be advantageous, XLD and MLCB provide the optimal combination. For non-typhi salmonellae, MLCB is the best, single direct plating medium. For routine diagnostic work, XLD is most effective.
Electron transport in unipolar InGaN/GaN multiple quantum well structures grown by NH3 molecular beam epitaxy (2015)

Unipolar-light emitting diode like structures were grown by NH3 molecular beam epitaxy on c plane (0001) GaN on sapphire templates. Studies were performed to experimentally examine the effect of random alloy fluctuations on electron transport through quantum well active regions. These unipolar structures served as a test vehicle to test our 2D model of the effect of compositional fluctuations on polarization-induced barriers. Variables that were systematically studied included varying quantum well number from 0 to 5, well thickness of 1.5 nm, 3 nm, and 4.5 nm, and well compositions of In0.14Ga0.86N and In0.19Ga0.81N. Diode-like current voltage behavior was clearly observed due to the polarization-induced conduction band barrier in the quantum well region. Increasing quantum well width and number were shown to have a significant impact on increasing the turn-on voltage of each device. Temperature dependent IV measurements clearly revealed the dominant effect of thermionic behavior for temperatures from room temperature and above. Atom probe tomography was used to directly analyze parameters of the alloy fluctuations in the quantum wells including amplitude and length scale of compositional variation. A drift diffusion Schrödinger Poisson method accounting for two dimensional indium fluctuations (both in the growth direction and within the wells) was used to correctly model the turn-on voltages of the devices as compared to traditional 1D simulation models.
Fibrin glue treatment for epistaxis. (2002)

Our study was made to prove the second-generation surgical fibrin sealant Quixil to be an effective substitute for nasal packing, chemical coagulation and cautery in management of patients with epistaxis. Our series includes 204 patients with anterior epistaxis (186), and with posterior epistaxis (18) as results of trauma, clotting disorders, chronic and/or atrophic rhinitis and upper respiratory infections, and hypertension. Patients were randomly divided into four groups: with fibrin glue (67) (Quixil), with electric cautery (61), with silver nitrate coagulation (60), and with foam nasal packing (16). For the fibrin glue group, hemostasis was achieved by spraying with 0.3 ml Quixil fibrin glue to each bleeding nostril. The results were excellent in all of the 62 (92.5%) patients of the fibrin glue group with complete and immediate hemostasis. We found good healing of bleeding sites, no swelling and secondary bleeding, no inflammation, no plaque or crists. Three months monitoring of atrophic changes of the nasal mucosa proved absence of atrophy of the nasal mucosa. In this group, the bleeding time averaged 2 min 30 sec since the moment of admittance. In the groups where cautery, coagulation, or nasal packing was used, we found local swelling, pain, and slow healing of the bleeding site with accidental atrophy of the nasal mucosa. The rates of these side effects were significantly higher in comparison with the fibrin glue group. The bleeding time was also longer. We found that the fibrin glue is more effective hemostatic in comparison with foam nasal packing, cautery and coagulation, and provides no complications usual for these types of treatment of epistaxis.
Analytic model for the complex effective index of the leaky modes of tube-type anti-resonant hollow core fibers (2017)

Due to their promising applications, hollow-core fibers, in particular, their anti-resonant versions, have recently attracted the attention of the photonics community. Here, we introduce a model that approximates, using the reflection of a wave on a single planar film, modal guidance in tube-type anti-resonant waveguides whose core diameters are large compared to the wavelength. The model yields analytic expressions for the real and imaginary parts of the complex effective index of the leaky modes supported, and is valid in all practically relevant situations, excellently matching all the important dispersion and loss parameters. Essential principles such as the fourth power dependence of the modal loss on the core radius at all wavelengths and the geometry-independent transition refractive index, below which modal discrimination favors the fundamental mode are discussed. As application examples, we use our model for understanding higher-order mode suppression in revolver-type fibers and for uncovering the tuning capabilities associated with nonlinear pulse propagation.
Exercise-Associated Muscle Cramps (2010)

EAMC are likely due to several factors coalescing to cause EAMC. The variety of treatments and prevention strategies for EAMC are evidence of the uncertainty in their cause. Acute EAMC treatment should focus on moderate static stretching of the affected muscle followed by a proper medical history to determine any predisposing conditions that may have triggered the onset of EAMC. Based on physical findings, prevention programs should be implemented to include fluid and electrolyte balance strategies and/or neuromuscular training.
Environmental sensor networks (2004)

Sensor networks for the natural environment require an understanding of earth science, combined with sensor, communications and computer technology. We discuss the evolution from data logging to sensor networks, describe our research from a glacial environment and highlight future challenges in this field.
Characterization of Flow through the Intake Valve of a Single Cylinder Engine Using Particle Image Velocimetry (2010)

This paper deals with the investigations of the in-cylinder flow pattern around the intake valve of a single-cylinder internal combustion engine using Particle Image Velocimetry (PIV) at different intake air flow rates. The intake air flow rates are corresponding to the three engine speeds of 1000, 2000 and 3000 rev/min., at all the static intake valve opening conditions. In this study, in-cylinder flow structure is characterized by the tumble ratio and maximum turbulent kinetic energy of the flow fields. In addition, at two specified lines of the combustion chamber, the radial and axial velocity profiles have been plotted. From the results, it is found that the overall airflow direction at the exit of the intake valve does not change significantly with the air flow rate and intake valve opening conditions. The tumble ratio increases with increase in intake valve opening and not much affected by the change in the air flow rates. It is also found that, the variations of the velocity profiles at the two specified lines are smooth at full intake valve opening irrespective of the air flow rate. Also, their magnitudes increase with increase in the intake valve openings at all the air flow rates. The in-cylinder flow analysis carried out in this study may be useful for optimizing the intake valve opening of an internal combustion engine with respect to it's speed.
A multilayer ontology-based hybrid recommendation model (2008)

We propose a novel hybrid recommendation model in which user preferences and item features are described in terms of semantic concepts defined in domain ontologies. The concept, item and user spaces are clustered in a coordinated way, and the resulti
Photochemoprevention of UVB‐induced skin carcinogenesis in SKH‐1 mice by brown algae polyphenols (2006)

Chronic exposure of the skin to ultraviolet B (UVB) radiation induces oxidative stress, which plays a crucial role in the induction of skin cancer. In this study, the effect of dietary feeding and topical application of brown algae polyphenols on UVB radiation-induced skin carcinogenesis in SKH-1 mice was investigated. SKH-1 hairless mice were randomly divided into 9 groups, including control, UVB control and treatment groups. They were treated orally (0.1% and 0.5% with AIN-76 diet, w/w) and topically (3 and 6 mg/0.2 ml of vehicle) with brown algae polyphenols and irradiated with UVB for 26 weeks. Dietary feeding (0.1% and 0.5%) of brown algae polyphenols significantly reduced tumor multiplicity (45% and 56%) and tumor volume (54% and 65%), and topical administration (3 and 6 mg) significantly decreased tumor multiplicity (60% and 46%) and tumor volume (66% and 57%), respectively, per tumor-bearing mouse. Dietary feeding and topical administration of the polyphenols also inhibited tumor incidence by 6% and 21%, respectively, but the results were not significant. Dietary and topical administration of the polyphenols markedly inhibited cyclooxygenase-2 activity and cell proliferation. These observations show that brown algae polyphenols have an antiphotocarcinogenic effect which may be associated with the prevention of UVB-induced oxidative stress, inflammation, and cell proliferation in the skin.
40.1: <i>Invited Paper</i> : Ultrafast High Optical Contrast Flexoelectric Displays for Video Frame Rates (2012)

Abstract We describe wide temperature range bimesogenic chiral nematic liquid crystals mixtures with high flexoelectro‐optic coefficients (e/K), of the order of 2.0–4.0 CN −1 m −1 , with 50–100μs response times. Gray scale devices in both the ULH texture, with an optimum optical in plane switch of 45° at fields of <2Vμm −1 , and the USH mode, with a unique optically isotropic “field off” black state (∼0.7 nits) and contrast ratios of ∼5000:1, using “in plane” electric fields driving will be described. The new materials and devices give μs level to level switching and may be used in FSC video rate displays.
[The medical and pharmaceutical profession and the mutual care system in the writings of Jaime Vera (1859-1918)]. (2006)

This article presents the perspectives of the physician and politician Jaime Vera y López (1859-1918), co-founder of the Spanish Socialist Workers' Party, on the medical profession, medical practice, and healthcare systems. It compares the Report (Informe) that he presented to the Comisión de Reformas Sociales (1884) with his later writings published in the socialist press ("Farmacia y cooperación obrera,, 1914 and "La locura en los niños. Camino del remedio", 1916). We observe the discrepancies between the political-programme documents and the articles centring on professional questions and highlight how his theoretical focus is modified when applied to matters of medical practice.
An efficient deletion method for a minimal prefix double array (2006)

Abstract A minimal prefix (MP) double array is an efficient data structure for a trie. The MP double array only requires a small amount of space and enables fast retrieval. However, the space efficiency of the MP double array is degraded by deletion. This paper presents a fast and compact adaptive deletion method for the MP double array. The presented method is implemented with C. Simulation results for English and Japanese keys show that the adaptive method is faster than the conventional method and maintains higher space efficiency. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Beam characteristics of three-dimensional SAR in curved or random paths (2004)

Interferometric synthetic aperture radar (InSAR) provides average height information by combining data from two parallel paths. True three-dimensional (3-D) SAR also detects the height distribution, which is of significant interest in airborne reconnaissance, forest inventory, and subsurface or wall-penetrating sensing applications as examples. In this paper, the beam performance of 3-D SAR is studied and compared for different curved line paths, such as circles, ellipses, and spirals ending up with random sampling. Curved path geometry reduces the ambiguity in height angle of traditional multipass SAR, and random path variation further improves the sidelobe suppression. The poor sidelobe suppression of a single circle path is significantly improved in near-range geometry in combination with high range resolution. By introducing a window function dependent on focus point and path position, high sidelobe suppression was achieved in an extended ground area below the circle path.
Defect-Assisted Sub-Bandgap Avalanche Photodetection in Interleaved Carrier-Depletion Silicon Waveguide for Telecom Band (2014)

We experimentally demonstrate avalanche sub bandgap detection of light at 1550 nm wavelength via surface states using the configuration of interleaved PN junctions along a silicon waveguide. The device operates in a fully depleted mode.
Mechanism for epitaxial breakdown during low-temperature Ge(001) molecular beam epitaxy (2003)

A combination of in situ and post-deposition experiments were designed to probe surface roughening pathways leading to epitaxial breakdown during low-temperature ${(T}_{s}=95--190\mathrm{\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{}}\mathrm{C})$ growth of Ge(001) by molecular beam epitaxy (MBE). We demonstrate that epitaxial breakdown in these experiments is not controlled by background hydrogen adsorption or gradual defect accumulation as previously suggested, but is a growth-mode transition driven by kinetic surface roughening. Ge(001) layers grown at ${T}_{s}\ensuremath{\gtrsim}170\mathrm{\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{}}\mathrm{C}$ remain fully epitaxial to thicknesses $h>1.6$ \ensuremath{\mu}m, while deposition at ${T}_{s}<170\mathrm{\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{}}\mathrm{C}$ leads to a locally abrupt transition from epitaxial to amorphous growth at critical film thicknesses ${h}_{2}{(T}_{s}).$ Surface morphology during low-temperature Ge(001) MBE evolves via the formation of a periodic array of self-organized round growth mounds which, for deposition at ${T}_{s}>115\mathrm{\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{}}\mathrm{C},$ transform to a pyramidal shape with square bases having edges aligned along 〈100〉 directions. Surface widths w and in-plane coherence lengths d increase monotonically with film thickness h at a temperature-dependent rate. As $\stackrel{\ensuremath{\rightarrow}}{h}{h}_{1}{(T}_{s}),$ defined as the onset of epitaxial breakdown, deep cusps bounded by {111} facets form at the base of interisland trenches and we show that epitaxial breakdown is initiated on these facets as the surface roughness reaches a critical ${T}_{s}$-independent aspect ratio $w/d\ensuremath{\simeq}0.02.$ ${h}_{1}{(T}_{s})$ and ${h}_{2}{(T}_{s})$ follow relationships ${h}_{1(2)}\ensuremath{\propto}\mathrm{exp}(\ensuremath{-}{E}_{1(2)}{/kT}_{s}),$ where ${E}_{1}$ is 0.61 eV and ${E}_{2}=0.48$ eV. ${E}_{1}$ is approximately equal to the Ge adatom diffusion barrier on Ge(001) while ${(E}_{1}\ensuremath{-}{E}_{2})=0.13$ eV is the free energy difference between crystalline and amorphous Ge. We summarize our results in a microstructural phase map vs ${T}_{s}$ and h, and propose an atomistic growth model to explain the epitaxial to amorphous phase transition.
Analysis of the Problems Posed by Pre-Service Primary School Teachers with the Context of Environment (2020)

The current study is an interdisciplinary study in which the problems posed by pre-service primary school teachers were analyzed within the context of both environment and mathematical processes. A total of 75 pre-service primary school teachers participated in the current study designed according to the case study design, one of the qualitative research methods. The data were collected through the math problems posed by the pre-service teachers with the context of the environment. The environmental contexts were analyzed by using the content analysis method while the problem posing processes were analyzed through the descriptive analysis approach. The results of the analyses have revealed that the pre-service teachers generally preferred to include more than one environmental context in the problems they posed and from among these contexts, the waste, garbage, forestation and air pollution contexts came to the fore. It was found that the problems posed were solvable to a great extent and were mostly real life problems in accordance with the structure of the context. However, it was observed that more than 30% of pre-service teachers could not correctly express the grade level of primary school in terms of both mathematical processes and the environmental context.
Oxidative modulation of the transient potassium current I<sub>A</sub> by intracellular arachidonic acid in rat CA1 pyramidal neurons (2006)

Abstract Oxidative stress affects cellular membrane lipids and proteins. Using whole‐cell patch‐clamp recording we demonstrate differential oxidative inhibition of voltage‐gated transient (I A ) and delayed rectifier [I K(V) ] K + currents by arachidonic acid (AA) and H 2 O 2 in CA1 neurons in hippocampal slice. We show that intracellular application of 1 p m AA or its non‐metabolizable analog eicosatetraynoic acid (100 p m ) reduced I A by ∼42% but did not affect I K(V) . AA shifted the voltage dependence of steady‐state inactivation of I A by 12 mV to more negative potentials whereas the rate of inactivation was unchanged. Surprisingly, intracellular glutathione (GSH, 20 m m ) enhanced the effect of AA on maximal I A (−62%) and with AA slowed inactivation of I A . The combination of GSH and extracellular ascorbate (0.4 m m ) prevented reduction of I A by AA. Intracellular Trolox (a vitamin E analog, 10 µ m ) reduced I A by 61%and I K(V) by 39%. Like AA, intracellular Trolox caused a 10‐mV left shift of I A steady‐state inactivation but Trolox and AA did not cause a shift when coapplied. Extracellular Trolox (100 µ m ) had no effects on I A . H 2 O 2 (80 µ m ) reduced both I A and I K(V) in a GSH‐ and ascorbate‐sensitive manner and slowed the rate of inactivation of I A by a factor of 2. Coapplication of H 2 O 2 with GSH and extracellular ascorbate caused ∼22 mV negative shifts of both steady‐state inactivation and activation. We conclude that AA is extremely potent in affecting I A by oxidative modifications. Antioxidants can augment these effects, probably by catalysis of the underlying reactions between oxidants and I A channel proteins.
Globalization and the local government learning process in post‐Mao China: a transnational perspective (2011)

Abstract Since the 1970s, China has changed from a centrally planned economy to a more open and globalized one. Within this context we ask how, under what circumstances and through what means are local governments able to make policy innovations in upgrading the business environment within their jurisdictions. Theoretically, it is possible to learn policy innovations from the past, from neighbours and from aboard. Leading development regions, like the Yangtze River Delta, are unlikely to learn from either their domestic neighbours or their past communist history. Therefore, they must learn from the experiences of other countries. We argue that this transnational learning process occurs through three different but interrelated mechanisms. These are (1) the personal networks of local officials interacting with foreign investors who are familiar with international business standards of global production networks; (2) institutional alliances in which local officials interact with foreign governments that have co‐invested in development zones and joint interests; and (3) hegemonic discourse, wherein local officials interact with foreign consultants who have essential development knowledge. We examine this contention by analysing three empirical cases of local governments in the Yangtze River Delta – Kunshan, which demonstrates the personal network learning mechanism; Suzhou, demonstrating institutional alliance learning; and Shanghai, which exemplifies learning through hegemonic discourse.
Enhancement of Photocatalytic H<sub>2</sub> Evolution on CdS by Loading MoS<sub>2</sub> as Cocatalyst under Visible Light Irradiation (2008)

This communication presents our recent results that the activity of photocatalytic H2 production can be significantly enhanced when a small amount of MoS2 is loaded on CdS as cocatalyst. The MoS2/CdS catalysts show high rate of H2 evolution from photocatalytic re-forming of lactic acid under visible light irradiation. The rate of H2 evolution on CdS is increased by up to 36 times when loaded with only 0.2 wt % of MoS2, and the activity of MoS2/CdS is even higher than those of the CdS photocatalysts loaded with different noble metals, such as Pt, Ru, Rh, Pd, and Au. The junction formed between MoS2 and CdS and the excellent H2 activation property of MoS2 are supposed to be responsible for the enhanced photocatalytic activity of MoS2/CdS.
[PDCD5 induces the apoptosis of human prostate cancer cells PC-3M-1E8]. (2007)

PDCD5 may significantly inhibit the in vitro growth and promote the apoptosis of human prostate cancer cells PC-3M-1E8.
Inter-Cell Interference in Noncooperative TDD Large Scale Antenna Systems (2013)

In this paper we study the performance of cellular networks when their base stations have an unlimited number of antennas. In previous work, the asymptotic behavior of the signal to interference plus nose ratio (SINR) was obtained. We revisit these results by deriving the rigorous expression for the SINR of both downlink and uplink in the scenario of infinite number of antennas. We show that the contamination of the channel estimates happens whenever a pilot sequence is received at a base station simultaneously with non-orthogonal signals coming from other users. We propose a method to avoid such simultaneous transmissions from adjacent cells, thus significantly decreasing interference. We also investigate the effects of power allocation in this interference-limited scenario, and show that it results in gains of over 15dB in the signal to interference ratio for the scenario simulated here. The combination of these two techniques results in rate gains of about 18 times in our simulations.
Laser-Induced Inter-Diffusion in AuAg Core−Shell Nanoparticles (2000)

The preparation of gold−silver nanoparticles with a core−shell structure by radiation chemistry is described. The optical properties of particles containing Au cores and Ag shells are compared to those of the reverse system for a variety of overall particle compositions. Nanosecond and picosecond laser-induced heating (at 532 nm) is used to melt the AucoreAgshell particles into homogeneous alloyed nanoparticles. The transition from the kinetically stable core−shell structure to the alloy is demonstrated by TEM and by the spectral changes accompanying melting. It is found that the particles must accumulate many laser pulses to completely mix into the alloy. In the case of nanosecond excitation, alloying and reshaping from faceted and irregular particles into smooth spheres occurs at absorbed energies of 5−6 mJ/pulse, and fragmentation takes place at higher energies, >10 mJ/pulse. In the case of 30 ps laser excitation, the thresholds for alloying/reshaping and fragmentation are lower: 1 and 4 mJ/pulse, respectively. The higher energy threshold for nanosecond excitation compared to the picosecond case is due to dissipation of the absorbed energy to the solvent during excitation, which is estimated to occur on a 100−200 ps time scale. Thus, the temperatures reached in the particles by nanosecond excitation are lower than those achieved by picosecond excitation for equal pulse energies.