gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Virtual Network Survivability Through Joint Spare Capacity Allocation and Embedding (2018)

A key challenge in network virtualization is to efficiently map a virtual network (VN) on a substrate network (SN), while accounting for possible substrate failures. This is known as the survivable VN embedding (SVNE) problem. The state-of-the-art literature has studied the SVNE problem from infrastructure providers' (InPs') perspective, i.e., provisioning backup resources in the SN. A rather unexplored solution spectrum is to augment the VN with sufficient spare backup capacity to survive substrate failures and embed the resulting VN accordingly. Such augmentation enables InPs to offload failure recovery decisions to the VN operator, thus providing more flexible VN management. In this paper, we study the problem of jointly optimizing spare capacity allocation in a VN and embedding the VN to guarantee full bandwidth in the presence of multiple substrate link failures. We formulate the optimal solution to this problem as a quadratic integer program that we transform into an integer linear program. We also propose a heuristic algorithm to solve larger instances of the problem. Based on analytical study and simulation, our key findings are: 1) provisioning shared backup resources in the VN can yield ~33% more resource efficient embedding compared to doing the same at the SN level and 2) our heuristic allocates ~21% extra resources compared to the optimal, while executing several orders of magnitude faster.
Metal Vapor Arcing Risk Assessment Tool (2010)

The Tin Whisker Metal Vapor Arcing Risk Assessment Tool has been designed to evaluate the risk of metal vapor arcing and to help facilitate a decision toward a researched risk disposition. Users can evaluate a system without having to open up the hardware. This process allows for investigating components at risk rather than spending time and money analyzing every component. The tool points to a risk level and provides direction for appropriate action and documentation.
Spectral combining of fiber amplified pulsed diode lasers (2007)

Fiber lasers have been established as power-scalable laser architecture. Continuous-wave output powers well above the kW-barrier have been demonstrated with diffraction-limited beam quality. However, even the most advanced fiber laser is limited by nonlinear effects, fiber facet damage or thermal issues at a certain power level. Spectral combining of continuous-wave fiber lasers is a well known as a very promising power scaling technique to obtain power levels far beyond the limitations of a single fiber emission without significant beam quality degradation. In this paper, the authors report for the first time to their knowledge on spectral combination of pulsed fiber laser systems. Generation of intense pulses out of fiber lasers is somewhat more challenging because of the confined high peak intensities. The presented approach gives a possibility to enhance the pulse energy and pulse peak power of compact pulsed sources.
Predictive manoeuvre generation for automated driving (2013)

This paper focuses on the problem of trajectory planning in an autonomous guidance application for one-way, two-lane roads. The problem is formulated in a receding horizon framework, as the minimization of the deviation from a desired velocity subject to a set of constraints introduced to avoid collision with surrounding vehicles, and to stay within the lane boundaries. As well known, this formulation can result in planning algorithms with prohibitive computational complexity, thus preventing real-time implementation. To avoid this limitation, the paper shows how the structured environment of one-way roads, can be exploited in order to formulate a low complexity receding horizon problem that can be efficiently solved in real-time. The proposed algorithm is demonstrated in simulations considering overtake manoeuvres.
Mesh wrap based on affine-invariant coordinates (2019)

We present a new technique to transfer the mesh connectivity between 3D models of different shapes. In contrast to prior work, our method is designed to wrap meshes under large, locally non-rigid deformations, which are commonly found in feature animations. To achieve this goal, we enrich the traditional iterative closest point scheme with mesh coordinates that parametrize the edge spans of a desired tessellation invariant to locally affine transformations. As a result, we produce surfaces that wrap a target geometry accurately, while resembling the patch layout of the source mesh. Our implementation also offers an interactive workflow to assist the authoring of curve correspondences. We employed this tool to wrap 600 humanoid assets to a reference mesh connectivity, spanning characters modeled over the last 15 years at Pixar.
Interactions of Hirudin-Based Inhibitor with Thrombin: Critical Role of the IleH59 Side Chain of the Inhibitor (1995)

Hirudin is the most potent and specific thrombin inhibitor from medicinal leech with a Ki value of 2.2 x 10(-14) M. It consists of an active site inhibitor segment, hirudin1-48, a fibrinogen-recognition exosite inhibitor segment, hirudin55-65, and a linker, hirudin49-54, connecting these inhibitor segments. The role of the side chain of the hirudin 59th residue, Ile, is studied by using a series of synthetic bivalent thrombin inhibitors, which mimic the binding mode of hirudin. The synthetic inhibitors based on the hirudin sequence have a general sequence of Ac-(D-Phe)-Pro-Arg-Pro-(4-aminobutyric acid)-(7-amino-heptanoic acid)-Asp-Phe-Glu-Glu-Xaa-Pro-Glu-Glu-Tyr-Leu-Gln-OH, in which the 59th residue, Xaa, is substituted by various natural and unnatural L-amino acids. For example, substitution of IleH59 by Val, which is equivalent to removing the delta-methyl group of IleH59, reduces the affinity of the inhibitor 5.7-fold (delta delta G0 = 1.0 kcal/mol) to a Ki value of 4.7 nM compared to that (Ki = 0.82 nM) of the corresponding inhibitor with IleH59. Removal of the entire side chain of IleH59, i.e., a substitution of IleH59 by Gly, reduces the affinity of the inhibitor 6300-fold, revealing the critical role of the IleH59 side chain in the inhibitor binding. Theoretical free energy calculation successfully reproduces the binding free energy of most of the analogs. It suggests that intra- and intermolecular van der Waals interactions of delta-CH3, gamma-CH3, and gamma-CH2 of IleH59 play the major role in the binding affinity.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Electrospun Light-Emitting Nanofibers (2007)

We have electrospun light-emitting nanofibers from ruthenium(II) tris(bipyridine)/polyethylene oxide mixtures. The electroluminescent fibers were deposited on gold interdigitated electrodes and lit in a nitrogen atmosphere. The fibers showed light emission at low operating voltages (3-4 V), with turn-on voltages approaching the band gap limit of the organic semiconductor. Because of the fiber size, emission from electrospun light-emitting nanofibers is confined to nanoscale dimensions, an attractive feature for sensing applications and lab-on-a-chip integration where highly localized excitation of molecules is required.
Antihypertensive pyrrolo[1,2-c]quinazolines and pyrrolo[1,2-c]quinazolinones (1981)

The synthesis of a variety of pyrrolo[1,2-c]quinazolines and pyrrolo[1,2-c]quinazolinones is described. Several of these compounds have exhibited antihypertensive properties in the spontaneously hypertensive rat (SHR). Structure-activity comparisons have indicated that optimal activity is obtained in both the 2-carbethoxydihydroquinazoline series (C) and 2-carbethoxyquinazolinone series (D) when there is either a carbethoxy or cyanoethyl group at position 6 and no substitution in the benzene ring, while optimal activity is obtained in the 2-methyl-quinazolinone series (D) when both position 6 and the benzene ring are unsubstituted.
DESIGN AND CLINICAL RESULTS OF SUTURE-BUTTON ANKLE SYNDESMOSIS FIXATION (2008)

A new apparatus and technique of syndesmosis fixation is tested in a prospective clinical study. Buttons on both sides of the ankle anchor a strong suture under tension following syndesmosis reduction. This syndesmosis suture acts like a tightrope when under tension. Implantation is simple with a minimally invasive technique, as the medial side is not opened. It allows physiological micromotion whilst resisting diastasis, does not require routine removal, and allows patients to weight-bear earlier. Sixteen patients with Weber C ankle fractures with a syndesmosis diastasis underwent suture-button fixation and the results compared to 16 consecutive patients with syndesmosis screw fixation. Patients were, in effect, quasi-randomised according to surgeon preference. Mean A,O,F,A,S, ankle scores were significantly better in the suture-button group at three months post-op (91 vs 80, p=0.01, unpaired t-test) and at twelve months (93 vs 83, p=0.04, unpaired t-test). Return to work was also significantly faster (2.6 months vs 4.6 months, p=0.02, unpaired t-test). No suture-buttons required implant removal. Axial CT scanning at three months showed implants to be intact with maintenance of reduction, as compared to the uninjured contralateral side. Suture-button syndesmosis fixation is simple, safe and effective. It has shown improved outcomes and faster rehabilitation, without needing routine removal. Although the apparatus design may undergo further refinement, we believe this technique will become the treatment of choice in Weber C ankle fractures with a syndesmosis injury.
Effect of dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate on interleukin-8 receptor during cervical ripening (1998)

We investigated the effects of dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate (DHA-S) on the production of interleukin-8 (IL-8) and expression of the interleukin-8 receptor (IL-8 R) in human cervical tissue. DHA-S increased the levels of IL-8 in cultured human cervical fibroblasts and in the supernatant in a time- and dose-dependent manner. DHA-S induced IL-8 and IL-8 R expression in human cervical fibroblasts and human pregnant cervical tissue at term in a dose-dependent manner. In addition, it induced the expression of IL-8 R in an explant culture of human cervical tissue and cultured human cervical fibroblasts in a time- and dose-dependent manner. However, dehydroepiandrosterone (DHA) only slightly induced the production of IL-8 and the expression of IL-8 R in the same cells and tissue. These results suggest that DHA-S up-regulates the autocrine system of IL-8 through the expression of IL-8 R.
Azimuthal multiplexing 3D diffractive optics (2020)

Diffractive optics have increasingly caught the attention of the scientific community. Classical diffractive optics are 2D diffractive optical elements (DOEs) and computer-generated holograms (CGHs), which modulate optical waves on a solitary transverse plane. However, potential capabilities are missed by the inherent two-dimensional nature of these devices. Previous work has demonstrated that extending the modulation from planar (2D) to volumetric (3D) enables new functionalities, such as generating space-variant functions, multiplexing in the spatial or spectral domain, or enhancing information capacity. Unfortunately, despite significant progress fueled by recent interest in metasurface diffraction, 3D diffractive optics still remains relatively unexplored. Here, we introduce the concept of azimuthal multiplexing. We propose, design, and demonstrate 3D diffractive optics showing this multiplexing effect. According to this new phenomenon, multiple pages of information are encoded and can be read out across independent channels by rotating one or more diffractive layers with respect to the others. We implement the concept with multilayer diffractive optical elements. An iterative projection optimization algorithm helps solve the inverse design problem. The experimental realization using photolithographically fabricated multilevel phase layers demonstrates the predicted performance. We discuss the limitations and potential of azimuthal multiplexing 3D diffractive optics.
A case of Becker muscular dystrophy resulting from the skipping of four contiguous exons (71-74) of the dystrophin gene during mRNA maturation. (1996)

The mutations in one-third of both Duchenne and Becker muscular dystrophy patients remain unknown because they do not involve gross rearrangements of the dystrophin gene. Here we report the first example of multiple exon skipping during the splicing of dystrophin mRNA precursor encoded by an apparently normal dystrophin gene. A 9-year-old Japanese boy exhibiting excessive fatigue and high serum creatine kinase activity was examined for dystrophinopathy. An immunohistochemical study of muscle tissue biopsy disclosed faint and discontinuous staining of the N-terminal and rod domains of dystrophin but no staining at all of the C-terminal domain of dystrophin. The dystrophin transcript from muscle tissue was analyzed by the reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction. An amplified product encompassing exons 67-79 of dystrophin cDNA was found to be smaller than that of the wild-type product. Sequence analysis of this fragment showed that the 3' end of exon 70 was directly connected to the 5' end of exon 75 and, thus, that exons 71-74 were completely absent. As a result, a truncated dystrophin protein lacking 110 amino acids from the C-terminal domain should result from translation of this truncated mRNA, and the patient was diagnosed as having Becker muscular dystrophy at the molecular level. Genomic DNA was analyzed to identify the cause of the disappearance of these exons. Every exon-encompassing region could be amplified from genomic DNA, indicating that the dystrophin gene is intact. Furthermore, sequencing of these amplified products did not disclose any particular nucleotide change that could be responsible for the multiple exon skipping observed. Considering that exons 71-74 are spliced out alternatively in some tissue-specific isoforms, to suppose that the alternative splicing machinery is present in the muscle tissue of the index case and that it is activated by an undetermined mechanism is reasonable. These results illustrate a novel genetic anomaly that results in dystrophinopathy.
Identification of Selective Agonists and Positive Allosteric Modulators for µ- and δ-Opioid Receptors from a Single High-Throughput Screen (2014)

Hetero-oligomeric complexes of G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) may represent novel therapeutic targets exhibiting different pharmacology and tissue- or cell-specific site of action compared with receptor monomers or homo-oligomers. An ideal tool for validating this concept pharmacologically would be a hetero-oligomer selective ligand. We set out to develop and execute a 1536-well high-throughput screen of over 1 million compounds to detect potential hetero-oligomer selective ligands using a β-arrestin recruitment assay in U2OS cells coexpressing recombinant µ- and δ-opioid receptors. Hetero-oligomer selective ligands may bind to orthosteric or allosteric sites, and we might anticipate that the formation of hetero-oligomers may provide novel allosteric binding pockets for ligand binding. Therefore, our goal was to execute the screen in such a way as to identify positive allosteric modulators (PAMs) as well as agonists for µ, δ, and hetero-oligomeric receptors. While no hetero-oligomer selective ligands were identified (based on our selection criteria), this single screen did identify numerous µ- and δ-selective agonists and PAMs as well as nonselective agonists and PAMs. To our knowledge, these are the first µ- and δ-opioid receptor PAMs described in the literature.
Studies on the human T cell receptor α/β variable region genes. II. Identification of four additional V<sub>β</sub> subfamilies (1991)

The human T cell receptor (TcR) beta chain gene segment diversity has been studied using the anchored-polymerase chain reaction. Three hundred and fifty C beta-specific transcripts derived from peripheral lymphocytes were analyzed. Transcripts including V-D beta 1-J beta 2-C2 sequences were found with a high frequency (greater than 10%), suggesting that "illegitimate" joinings may constitute a cis-complementing rearrangement mechanism capable of substantially increasing the TcR beta chain combinatorial diversity. Twelve previously undescribed V beta gene segments have been identified. Five of them delineate four novel V beta subfamilies (V beta w21: two members, V beta w22, 23, 24: one member) which all have a murine homologue. The additional seven gene segments belong to the V beta 5, V beta 6, V beta 12 and V beta 13 subfamilies. In addition, the sequences of two known V beta 7 and V beta 9 gene segments have been extended. Together, the present data support the view that the contribution of the beta chain combinatorial diversity to the TcR alpha/beta variability has not yet been fully appreciated.
Antibiotics produced by Streptomyces ficellus. I. Ficellomycin. (1976)

Ficellomycin is a new basic antibiotic produced by Streptomyces ficellus. Ficellomycin, C13H24N6O3, inhibits the growth of gram-positive bacteria in vitro and is effective in the treatment of experimental Staphylococcus aureus infections in mice.
Exploring the structure of a real-time, arbitrary neural artistic\n stylization network (2017)

In this paper, we present a method which combines the flexibility of the\nneural algorithm of artistic style with the speed of fast style transfer\nnetworks to allow real-time stylization using any content/style image pair. We\nbuild upon recent work leveraging conditional instance normalization for\nmulti-style transfer networks by learning to predict the conditional instance\nnormalization parameters directly from a style image. The model is successfully\ntrained on a corpus of roughly 80,000 paintings and is able to generalize to\npaintings previously unobserved. We demonstrate that the learned embedding\nspace is smooth and contains a rich structure and organizes semantic\ninformation associated with paintings in an entirely unsupervised manner.\n
Estimation of 24‐Hour Sodium Excretion from Spot Urine Samples (2010)

Despite the effects of sodium intake on blood pressure and on response to antihypertensive medication, sodium intake is rarely monitored in clinical practice. The current method, the 24-hour urine collection for sodium excretion, is cumbersome, often incorrectly performed, and not commonly ordered. Further, its results have limited meaning because of the substantial day-to-day variation in sodium intake. A spot urine test to enable convenient, inexpensive, and serial monitoring of sodium excretion would be desirable. In this study, the accuracy of predicting 24-hour sodium excretion from a spot urine sample was assessed. The urine sodium/creatinine ratio was determined from the following urine samples: an "AM sample," submitted at the beginning of the 24-hour urine collection; a "PM sample" collected in the later afternoon/early evening before dinner, at roughly the midpoint of the collection; and a "random sample," collected after its completion. The ratio was then corrected for 24-hour creatinine excretion. The strongest correlation between predicted and actual 24-hour sodium excretion was observed with the PM sample collected near the midpoint (r=0.86, P<.001). This sample also identified persons with sodium excretion <100 mEq/d with a sensitivity of 100% and specificity of 82%. The sodium/creatinine ratio from a spot urine sample collected in the late afternoon/early evening at roughly the midpoint of the 24-hour collection, and adjusted for 24-hour creatinine excretion, strongly correlated with 24-hour sodium excretion. Additional studies are merited to further evaluate the role of the spot urine sample in assessing sodium intake.
Orbital Angular Momentum Generation Using a Circular Wire Loop Antenna (2014)

A circular wire loop antenna with the phase distribution along the circle of exp(−jlϕ) is demonstrated to generate the orbital angular momentum (OAM). Theoretical formulation of the electromagnetic field is deduced and used to calculate the angular momentum mode including the OAM mode and the spin angular momentum (SAM) mode for these electromagnetic waves. The evolution and distribution of the OAM mode and SAM mode during the transmission is also proposed. The calculated results verify the feasibility of generation the OAM-carrying waves by the circular wire loop antenna.
Die Fraktionierung von Glyceridmischungen durch „Niederdruck - Gasextraktion” (1993)

Monoglyceride werden aufgrund ihrer emulgierenden Eigenschaften in der Nahrungsmittelindustrie, der kosmetischen Industrie, der Chemie und der Waschmittelindustrie eingesetzt. Nach dem Stand der Technik werden Monoglyceride aus Partialglyceridgemischen durch Molekulardestillation bei Temperaturen über 200°C mit einer Reinheit von max. 95% abgetrennt. Dabei beträgt die Ausbeute nur etwa 60% der zugeführten Monoglyceride. Ein neuer Prozeß für die Herstellung reiner Monoglyceride wird vorgestellt. Die Fraktionierung des Partialglyceridgemischs erfolgt mit reinem Propan als Extraktionsmittel bei Temperaturen von 40°C bis 80°C unter einem Druck von 30 bis 50 bar in einer Gegenstromkolonne. Aufgrund des moderaten Drucks wird das neue Verfahren als “Low Pressure Gas Extraction” bezeichnet. Ausbeuten an Monoglyceriden über 95% werden ohne weiteres erreicht. Die Produktreinheit liegt dabei über 99%. Das Verfahren ist für alle Arten von Glyceriden (z. B. Oleate, Stearate, Kokoate) geeignet. Zusätzlich können Diglyceride in Reinheiten über 92% bei Ausbeuten über 90% erhalten werden. Fractionation of Glycerides by “Low Pressure Gas Extraction” Monoglycerides are important emulsifiers in food industry, cosmetics industry, chemistry and for the production of detergents. They are conventionally separated from mixtures of partial glycerides by molecular distillation at temperatures above 200°C with a purity of max. 95%. The yield of monoglycerides is about 60%. An improved process for the production of pure monoglycerides was developed. The partial glycerides are treated with propane as an extractant at 50 bar and temperatures between 40 to 80°C in a countercurrent column. Due to the moderate extraction pressure, the process is called “Low Pressure Gas Extraction”. Monoglycerides are obtained with a purity above 99% at a yield above 95%. Additionally pure diglycerides (above 92%) can be separated at high yields (above 90%). The process can be applied to all kinds of glycerides as oleates, stearates, cocoates. Comparative discussion of mass flow diagrams of conventional glyceride manufacturing and of the new extractive fractionation demonstrate the advantages of the new technology.
Virtual coil concept for improved parallel MRI employing conjugate symmetric signals (2008)

A new approach for utilizing conjugate k-space symmetry for improved parallel MRI performance is presented. By generating virtual coils containing conjugate symmetric k-space signals from actual coils, additional image- and coil-phase information can be incorporated into the reconstruction process for parallel acquisition techniques. In that way the reconstruction conditions are improved, resulting in less noise enhancement. In particular in combination with generalized autocalibrating partially parallel acquisitions (GRAPPA), the virtual coil concept represents a practical approach since no explicit spatial phase information is required. In addition, the influence of phase variations originating from the complex receiver coils as well as from the background is investigated. It is shown that there exist background phase distributions yielding an optimized pMRI reconstruction.