gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Multiscale Filtering Reconstruction for Wind Turbine Gearbox Fault Diagnosis Under Varying-Speed and Noisy Conditions (2017)

One challenge in the gearbox fault diagnosis of variable-speed wind turbines via the popular vibration signal analysis is that, the signal spectrum is smeared by the time-varying shaft rotating speed and contaminated by some speed-unrelated components and noise. This paper proposes a new method, called multiscale filtering reconstruction, for wind turbine gearbox fault diagnosis under varying-speed and noisy conditions. The major contribution is that the new method can solve the spectrum smearing problem of the speed-related components while suppressing the speed-unrelated components and noise simultaneously. First, the time-variant vibration envelope signal is decomposed into time-variant monocomponent signals via a Vold-Kalman filter-based multiscale filtering algorithm. Then, the monocomponent signals are converted to be time-invariant by using a signal reform formula. Finally, a purified signal is reconstructed by synthesizing the reformed signals with different weighting factors. A gearbox fault diagnostic scheme based on the proposed method is developed for wind turbines equipped with doubly fed induction generators, in which the rotating frequency of the selected shaft used for multiscale filtering is estimated from the generator rotor current signals. Experimental studies on different gearbox faults are conducted to validate the proposed method and its superiority over the traditional angular resampling method.
A novel luminescence-based β-arrestin recruitment assay for unmodified receptors (2021)

G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) signal through activation of G proteins and subsequent modulation of downstream effectors. More recently, signaling mediated by β-arrestin has also been implicated in important physiological functions. This has led to great interest in the identification of biased ligands that favor either G protein or β-arrestin-signaling pathways. However, nearly all screening techniques for measuring β-arrestin recruitment have required C-terminal receptor modifications that can in principle alter protein interactions and thus signaling. Here, we have developed a novel luminescence-based assay to measure β-arrestin recruitment to the membrane or early endosomes by unmodified receptors. Our strategy uses NanoLuc, an engineered luciferase from Oplophorus gracilirostris (deep-sea shrimp) that is smaller and brighter than other well-established luciferases. Recently, several publications have explored functional NanoLuc split sites for use in complementation assays. We have identified a unique split site within NanoLuc and fused the corresponding N-terminal fragment to either a plasma membrane or early endosome tether and the C-terminal fragment to β-arrestins, which form the basis for the MeNArC and EeNArC assays, respectively. Upon receptor activation, β-arrestin is recruited to the membrane and subsequently internalized in an agonist concentration-dependent manner. This recruitment promotes complementation of the two NanoLuc fragments, thereby reconstituting functional NanoLuc, allowing for quantification of β-arrestin recruitment with a single luminescence signal. Our assay avoids potential artifacts related to C-terminal receptor modification and has promise as a new generic assay for measuring β-arrestin recruitment to diverse GPCR types in heterologous or native cells.
Characterization and inspection of microlens array by single cube beam splitter microscopy (2011)

The application of a single cube beam splitter (SCBS) microscope to micro-optics characterization is presented. The SCBS in the optical path, with a small angle between the optical axis and its central semireflecting layer, not only gives off-axis digital holograms but also provides dual-channel imaging. It is a unique and easy way to perform uniformity inspection across the entire microlens array. Experimental results on physical spherical phase compensation, single lens characterization, dual-channel imaging, and uniformity inspection are provided to demonstrate the unique properties of SCBS microscopy.
Species differences in ligand affinity at central A<sub>3</sub>‐adenosine receptors (1994)

[Table: see text] Binding affinities of purine derivatives at A<sub>3</sub> adenosine receptors in different species were compared. Binding was carried out using the novel high affinity agonist ligand [<sup>125</sup>I]AB-MECA (3-iodo-4-aminobenzyladenosine-5'-N-methyluronamide) in the presence of 1.0 μM XAC (8-[4-[[[[(2-aminoethyl)amino]carbonyl]methyl]oxy]phenyl]-1,3-dipropylxanthine), an A<sub>1</sub>- and A<sub>2a</sub>-adenosine antagonist. XAC was added to eliminate binding to non-A<sub>3</sub> receptors. In rat brain membranes [<sup>125</sup>I]AB-MECA exhibited saturable, specific binding with a K<sub>d</sub> of 2.28 nM and a B<sub>max</sub> of 43 fmol/mg protein. The affinity of [<sup>125</sup>I]AB-MECA at the gerbil and rabbit brain A<sub>3</sub>-receptors was similar to the rat, suggesting that the affinity of this agonist is not highly species dependent. The affinity of various xanthine derivatives was measured in [<sup>125</sup>I]AB-MECA competition binding assays. Gerbil and rabbit brain A<sub>3</sub>-receptors were similar in the affinity of antagonists whose potency order in both species was: BWA522 ≥ CPX > XCC, XAC, SPX, BWA1433 > theophylline. The affinities of 8-arylxanthines at the rat, rabbit, and gerbil brain A<sub>3</sub> receptors were considerably less than the previously reported affinities at cloned sheep and human A<sub>3</sub> receptors. Species differences in agonist affinity were assessed by comparing K<sub>i</sub> values at cloned rat brain A<sub>3</sub> receptors expressed in CHO cells with cloned sheep and human A<sub>3</sub> receptors. Human and rat brain A<sub>3</sub> receptors were highly similar in the relative affinities of agonists, and sheep brain A<sub>3</sub> receptors were unlike either human or rat A<sub>3</sub> receptors in agonist affinity.
The Effect of Under-Floor Obstructions on Data Center Perforated Tile Airflow (2011)

Typical data center architectures utilize a raised floor; cooling airflow is pumped into an under-floor plenum and exits through perforated floor tiles located in front of IT equipment racks. The under-floor space is also a convenient place to locate critical building infrastructure, such as chilled-water piping and power and network cabling. Unfortunately, the presence of such objects can disrupt the distribution of cooling airflow. While the effects of other design parameters, such as room layout, plenum depth, perforated tile type, and leakage paths, have been systematically studied — and corresponding best-practices outlined, there is no specific advice in the literature with regard to the effect of under-floor infrastructure on airflow distribution. This paper studies the effects of such obstructions primarily through CFD analyses of several layouts based on actual facilities. Additionally, corresponding scenarios are analyzed using a Potential Flow Model (PFM), which includes a recently-proposed obstruction-modeling technique. It is found that under-floor obstructions significantly affect airflow distribution only when they are located very near perforated tiles and cooling units and occupy a substantial fraction of the total plenum depth.
Wireless strain and crack sensing using a folded patch antenna (2012)

In this research, folded patch antennas are investigated as low-cost and wireless smart-skin sensors that monitor the strain and crack in metallic structures. A radio frequency identification (RFID) chip is used for signal modulation. When the antenna is under strain/deformation, its resonance frequency varies accordingly. The variation can be easily interrogated and recorded by a reader that wirelessly delivers power for the antenna operation. Therefore, the antenna sensor can measure strain/crack. This paper reports latest test results on the strain and crack sensing performance of the antenna. In particular, tensile tests show that the wireless antenna sensor can detect small strain changes lower than 20 με, and can perform well at large strains higher than 10,000 με. In the crack test, a growing sub-millimeter crack is successfully detected by the antenna sensor.
Conversion of synthesis gas to hydrocarbon mixtures. [catalyst consisting of intimate mixture of methanol synthesis catalysts and acidic crystalline aluminosilicate] (1978)

Synthesis gas is contacted with an intimate mixture of a carbon monoxide hydrogen reduction catalyst, comprising a methanol synthesis catalyst in combination with a selective class of acidic crystalline aluminosilicate having a silica/alumina ratio greater than 12, a pore dimension greater than about 5 Angstroms to produce hydrocarbon mixtures useful in the manufacture of heating fuels, gasoline, aromatic hydrocarbons, and chemicals intermediates.
Synthetic and mechanistic aspects of anionic polymerization of (METH)acrylates initiated by metal‐free salts of CH‐acidic compounds (1995)

Abstract The tetrabutylammonium salts of CH‐acidic compounds (malonic acid diesters and diamides, nitropropane, phenylacetic and phenylpropionic acid esters and 9‐ethyltfuorene) serve as inexpensive initiators for the anionic polymerization of acrylates and methacrylates at room temperature. Molecular weights of 1500–25,000 can be reached, the molecular weight distributions being fairly narrow ( D = 1·1–1·4 in optimized cases). Side‐reactions as monitored by GC analyses include backbiting and Hofmann elimination, which means that the process is not a true living polymerization. The x‐ray structural analyses of the tetrabutylammonium salts of phenylacetic and 2‐phenylpropionic and 2‐phenylbutyric acid esters show that anions and cations interact with one another via hydrogen bonding. Therefore, the initiators cannot be considered to be naked anions, a conclusin which very likely also applies to the growing polymer chain end during polymerization.
<title>Adaptive-rate digital communication system for imagery</title> (1998)

We propose two methods to provide optimal image quality at a fixed image delivery rate for any given transmission channel condition. The first method, channel-controlled variable-rate (CCVR) image coding, employs adaptive-rate source coding and channel coding, while operating with a fixed modulation symbol rate. The second method, adaptive-rate coding-modulation (ARCM), extends the CCVR system by utilizing adaptive modulation. Both methods use a variable-compression-ratio image coder and variable-rate channel coding. The objective is to maximize the quality of the reconstructed image at the receiver when transmitted through Rayleigh fading and additive white Gaussian noise (AWGN). The CCVR system maximizes the reconstructed image quality through a bit-rate trade-off between the source and channel coders. The ARCM method provides a trade-off between the rates of source and channel coding, and the modulation rate. Both methods require knowledge of the channel state which is used by the receiver to inform the transmitter, via a feedback channel, of the optimal strategy for image compression, channel coding, and modulation format. The resulting system using ARCM achieves up to a 17 dB improvement over the peak signal-to-noise ratio (PSNR) performance of a system using a fixed-compression-ratio image coder and fixed-rate channel coding. We extend the adaptive image transmission system to video, and present a candidate system for wireless mobile video applications using orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM).
Use of scattering of ultrasound pulses and shock waves by kidney stones for imaging in lithotripsy (2007)

Shock wave lithotripsy, as a procedure for kidney stones fragmentation, would be more efficient if the kidney stone position and size are estimated, and if the progress of the stone fragmentation by shock waves is assessed. These two challenges can be addressed using scattering of ultrasound waves on stones. Although the acoustic impedance of stones often differs by more than a factor of 2 from surrounding tissue, stones are not always readily visible on B-mode ultrasound, for example because a small stone can be lost in the speckle of the kidney tissue. However, we and others have found stones can be made to light up on Doppler imaging in what is called a “twinkling artifact”, that may be in part due to stone displacement by acoustic radiation force and partly due to multiple scattering at rough edges. As for fragmentation feedback, fractures in the stone push the frequency of resonance scattering of lithotripter shock wave to bands related to the reverberation period of the pieces. Acoustic scattering of the diagnostic pulses and shock waves by the stones was calculated numerically using a linear elastic model, initialized with known elastic constants. Based on this data, acoustic radiation force and scattered field in the farfield were calculated using integral representation of the corresponding parameters. These methods provide new ways to locate kidney stone stones and to monitor the fragmentation process.
Definition of the Molecular and Cellular Mechanisms Underlying the Tissue-selective Agonist/Antagonist Activities of Selective Estrogen Receptor Modulators (2002)

The term selective estrogen receptor modulators describes a group of pharmaceuticals that function as estrogen receptor (ER) agonists in some tissues but that oppose estrogen action in others. Although the name for this class of drugs has been adopted only recently, the concept is not new, as compounds exhibiting tissue-selective ER agonist/antagonist properties have been around for nearly 40 years. What is new is the idea that it may be possible to capitalize on the paradoxical activities of these drugs and develop them as target organ-selective ER agonists for the treatment of osteoporosis and other estrogenopathies. This realization has provided the impetus for research in this area, the progress of which is discussed in this review.
Electrochemical Dissolved Oxygen Removal from Microfluidic Streams for LOC Sample Pretreatment (2014)

Current water quality monitoring for heavy metal contaminants largely results in analytical snapshots at a particular time and place. Therefore, we have been interested in miniaturized and inexpensive sensors suitable for long-term, real-time monitoring of the drinking water distribution grid, industrial wastewater effluents, and even rivers and lakes. Among the biggest challenges for such sensors are the issues of in-field device calibration and sample pretreatment. Previously, we have demonstrated use of coulometric stripping analysis for calibration-free determination of copper and mercury. For more negatively reduced metals, O2 reduction interferes with stripping analysis; hence, most electroanalysis techniques rely on pretreatments to remove dissolved oxygen (DO). Current strategies for portable DO removal offer limited practicality, because of their complexity, and often cause inadvertent sample alterations. Therefore, we have designed an indirect in-line electrochemical DO removal device (EDOR), utilizing a silver cathode to reduce DO in a chamber that is fluidically isolated from the sample stream by an O2-permeable membrane. The resulting concentration gradient supports passive DO diffusion from the sample stream into the deoxygenation chamber. The DO levels in the sample stream were determined by cyclic voltammetry (CV) and amperometry at a custom thin-layer cell (TLC) detector. Results show removal of 98% of the DO in a test sample at flow rates approaching 50 μL/min and power consumption as low as 165 mW h L–1 at steady state. Besides our specific stripping application, this device is well-suited for LOC applications where miniaturized DO removal and/or regulation are desirable.
Information at your fingertips (2011)

We present ICARUS, a contextual information retrieval system, which uses the current email message and a multi-tiered user model to retrieve relevant content and make it available in a sidebar widget embedded in the email client. The system employs a dynamic retrieval strategy to conduct automated contextual search across multiple information sources including the user's hard drive, online documents (wikis, blogs and files) and other email messages. It also presents the user with information about the sender of the current message, which varies in detail and degree based on how often the user interacts with this sender. We conducted a formative evaluation which compared three retrieval methods that used different context information: current message plus a multi-tiered user model; current message plus a single-tiered, aggregate user model; and lastly, cur-rent message only. Results indicate that the multi-tiered user modeling approach yields better retrieval performance than the other two. In addition, the study suggests that dynamically determining which sources to search, what query parameters to use, and how to filter/re-rank results can further improve the effectiveness of contextual IR.
<title>Laser diodes with gain-coupled distributed optical feedback</title> (1991)

A new class of distributed feedback (DFB) semiconductor lasers is reviewed, which incorporates a periodic variation in gain coefficient. Intrinsic single mode nature and reflection immunity are great advantages of the gain-coupled (GC) DFB laser. Moreover, its carrier- density-dependent dynamic resonator provides a capability of generating short optical pulses with very low chirping. Recent experimental results of research on the GC DFB laser are presented.
Selection of Biocontrol Agents of Pink Rot Based on Efficacy and Growth Kinetics Index Rankings (2010)

The microbiota of 84 different agricultural soils were transferred to separate samples of a γ irradiation-sterilized field soil enriched with potato periderm, and the resulting soils were assayed for biological suppressiveness to Phytophthora erythroseptica and their effect on zoospore production. The 13 most suppressive soil samples, which reduced zoospore production by 14 to 93% and disease severity on tubers by 6 to 21%, were used to isolate 279 organisms. Fourteen strains that reduce pink rot infections in preliminary tests were selected for further study. Six bacterial strains that reduced the severity of disease (P ≤ 0.05, Fischer's protected least significant difference) in subsequent tests were identified as Bacillus simplex (three strains), Pantoea agglomerans, Pseudomonas koreensis, and P. lini. Relative performance indices (RPIs) for biocontrol efficacy and for each of four kinetic parameters, including total colony-forming units (CFU<sub>max</sub>), biomass production values (DW<sub>max</sub>), cell production after 8 h (OD<sub>8</sub>), and time of recovery from oxygen depletion (DT) were calculated for each strain. Overall RPI<sub>Eff,Kin</sub> values for each strain then were calculated using strain RPI values for both efficacy (RPI<sub>Eff</sub>) and kinetics (RPI<sub>Kin</sub>). Strains with the highest RPI<sub>Eff,Kin</sub> possess the best biocontrol efficacy of the strains tested and liquid culture growth characteristics that suggest commercial development potential.
Performance Study of Objective Voice Quality Measures in VoIP (2007)

With the advent of voice over internet protocol (VoIP) service, assessing its voice quality is an area of intense research interest. Due to time-consuming and expensive natures of widely accepted subjective mean opinion score (MOS) test, objective methods are often used as an alternative. This paper presents applicability and accuracy analysis of several leading objective methods in quality testing. Particularly, the paper focuses on packet loss, which is one of major impairments in VoIP. A speech database covering typical packet loss conditions is designed. The subjective MOS test is conducted and the results are evaluated with objective MOS. The database is also used to verify a non-intrusive VoIP speech quality assessor the authors developed (El-Hennawey et al., 2006). The results show that perceptual evaluation of speech quality (PESQ) based algorithms are generally acceptable for quantifying the effects of packet loss. In addition, we also find that their performance is limited for codec G.711 without packet loss concealment (PLC).
Design, manufacture and analysis of composite epoxy material with embedded silicon carbide (SiC) and alumina (Al<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>) nanoparticles/fibers (2015)

Abstract The main objective of the presented study is to improve the performance of composite structures by introducing nanoparticles/fibers in the epoxy resin. The literature on this issue showed shortcomings in the investigations of such materials. Most of the investigations in this field are to enhance the mechanical properties of epoxy materials, which cannot be used alone for high performance structural applications due to their low mechanical properties. In the present work, the epoxy resin was modified with these different types of nanofillers such as silicon carbide (SiC) and alumina (Al 2 O 3 ) nanoparticles. The nanophased epoxy was used to fabricate different types of nanocomposites as well as nano-hybridized glass fiber reinforced composite laminates. Therefore, nine different advanced materials have been fabricated including two nanocomposite materials (SiC/E and Al 2 O 3 /E), two quasi-isotropic nano-hybridized composite laminates (QI-GFR/SiC/E and QI-GFR/Al 2 O 3 /E), two unidirectional nano-hybridized composite laminates (UD-GFR/SiC/E and UD-GFR/Al 2 O 3 /E), and three control panels manufactured without nanofillers (neat epoxy, QI-GFR/E, UD-GFR/E). The materials were characterized under tension and compression. The results showed improvements in the tensile and compressive properties (strength and modulus) of the fabricated nanocomposites (SiC/E, and Al 2 O 3 /E) compared with neat epoxy. The hybridized composite laminate with Al 2 O 3 showed high improvements in its mechanical properties compared to the composite laminates without nanofillers. In contrast, discouraging mechanical properties were observed for SiC hybridized composite laminate. Due to the many variables studied in the present work, the literature list will be long. The investigated parameters include nanofillers, nanocomposites, nano-hybridized advanced composite laminates, mechanical properties, glass transition temperature (T g ), bolted joint parameters and sonication parameters.