gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Increasing Maize Productivity in China by Planting Hybrids with Germplasm that Responds Favorably to Higher Planting Densities (2011)

ABSTRACT We compared yield, genetic gain, and morphology for two sets of maize ( Zea mays L.) hybrids using yield test plots grown in China at different planting densities. One set comprised 29 Chinese maize hybrids that were individually widely grown in China during 1964 through 2001. A second set comprised U.S. hybrids that were used either during the 1960s or during the 2000s. The U.S. hybrids had higher yields for both 1960s and 2000s comparisons. United States hybrids showed highest genetic gain (81 kg ha −1 ) at the highest planting density (67,550 plants ha −1 ) whereas the highest rate of gain for Chinese hybrids was 62 kg ha −1 at the medium planting density (52,500 plants ha −1 ). Unlike the Chinese hybrids, U.S. hybrids showed significant interaction with planting density. Chronologically, all hybrids showed morphological changes for many characteristics, often at different rates, and occasionally in different directions. Pedigree and molecular marker data showed U.S. and Chinese hybrids to be very different germplasm with decades‐old U.S. germplasm contributing even to recently developed and widely used Chinese hybrids. Chinese maize agricultural production can rapidly and significantly benefit from adopting breeding and agronomic strategies that allow for improved yield under higher planting densities.
Surgical Treatment of Meniscal Extrusion: A Biomechanical Study on the Role of the Medial Meniscotibial Ligaments With Early Clinical Validation (2020)

Our biomechanical findings suggest that repair of medial meniscotibial ligaments reduces meniscal extrusion and clinically may improve meniscal function, with the possible long-term benefit of reducing the risk for osteoarthritis.
Multi-code Distributed Storage (2016)

Distributed storage systems need to guarantee reliable access to stored data. Resilience to node failures can be increased by using erasure encoding. A variety of erasure codes are discussed in literature and implemented in practice. This multiplicity of codes puts a heavy burden on existing systems. In scenarios such as multi-cloud file delivery or migration of data to a new erasure code, the ability to combine data from diverse erasure codes of multiple cloud systems is essential. The methods presented in this paper enable combining symbols of different erasure codes regardless of their underlying generator matrix, finite field size, and source block size. Mathematical approaches are discussed using Reed-Solomon and RLNC codes as example but without loss of generality. The presented approaches enable multi-cloud file delivery across diverse coding algorithms and permits graceful migration of a legacy erasure coding without the need of re-ingestion of existing data.
Segmentation- and Annotation-Free License Plate Recognition With Deep Localization and Failure Identification (2017)

Automated license plate recognition (ALPR) is essential in several roadway imaging applications. For ALPR systems deployed in the United States, variation between jurisdictions on character width, spacing, and the existence of noise sources (e.g., heavy shadows, non-uniform illumination, various optical geometries, poor contrast, and so on) present in LP images makes it challenging for the recognition accuracy and scalability of ALPR systems. Font and plate-layout variation across jurisdictions further adds to the difficulty of proper character segmentation and increases the level of manual annotation required for training classifiers for each state, which can result in excessive operational overhead and cost. In this paper, we propose a new ALPR workflow that includes novel methods for segmentation- and annotation-free ALPR, as well as improved plate localization and automation for failure identification. Our proposed workflow begins with localizing the LP region in the captured image using a two-stage approach that first extracts a set of candidate regions using a weak sparse network of winnows classifier and then filters them using a strong convolutional neural network (CNN) classifier in the second stage. Images that fail a primary confidence test for plate localization are further classified to identify localization failures, such as LP not present, LP too bright, LP too dark, or no vehicle found. In the localized plate region, we perform segmentation and optical character recognition (OCR) jointly by using a probabilistic inference method based on hidden Markov models (HMMs) where the most likely code sequence is determined by applying the Viterbi algorithm. In order to reduce manual annotation required for training classifiers for OCR, we propose the use of either artificially generated synthetic LP images or character samples acquired by trained ALPR systems already operating in other sites. The performance gap due to differences between training and target domain distributions is minimized using an unsupervised domain adaptation. We evaluated the performance of our proposed methods on LP images captured in several US jurisdictions under realistic conditions.
Optical Imaging of Objects in Turbid Media using Principal Component Analysis and Time Reversal Matrix Methods (2009)

Principal Component Analysis and Time Reversal Matrix methods were used to develop approaches for imaging of targets in turbid media. The efficacy is demonstrated by imaging two targets embedded in Intralipid-10% suspension in water.
Melt-processed RE-Ba-Cu-O (RE=Sm, Nd) superconductors for quasi-permanent magnets (2001)

The microstructures of melt-processed Nd-BCO/Ag samples were investigated. A rather homogeneous distribution of Nd422 particles was found, which can be attributed to the fast growing speed of NdBCO and the large size of Nd422 particles. The dispersion of Ag depended on the content of Ag/sub 2/O, and the phase relation of the Nd-BCO/Ag system is discussed. We also studied the pulsed field magnetization technique, and found that the amount of magnetic fluxes trapped by SmBCO significantly increased by sandwiching the sample with ferromagnetic yokes and repeatedly applying magnetic pulses with decreasing amplitude.
<title>Novel approach to color cast detection and removal in digital images</title> (1999)

Digital Still Camera images often have undesired color casts due to unusual illuminant sources. This paper describes a novel color correction technique that uses adaptive segmentation techniques to identify the presence of such casts, estimate their chromatic strength, and alter the image's near-neutral color regions to compensate for the cast. The segmentation method identifies most major objects in the scene and their average color.
Acoustic–structural coupled finite element analysis for sound transmission in human ear—Pressure distributions (2005)

A three-dimensional (3D) finite element (FE) model of human ear with accurate structural geometry of the external ear canal, tympanic membrane (TM), ossicles, middle ear suspensory ligaments, and middle ear cavity has been recently reported by our group. In present study, this 3D FE model was modified to include acoustic-structural interfaces for coupled analysis from the ear canal through the TM to middle ear cavity. Pressure distributions in the canal and middle ear cavity at different frequencies were computed under input sound pressure applied at different locations in the canal. The spectral distributions of middle ear pressure at the oval window, round window, and medial site of the umbo were calculated and the results demonstrated that there was no significant difference of pressures between those locations at frequency below 3.5 kHz. Finally, the influence of TM perforation on pressure distributions in the canal and middle ear cavity was investigated for perforations in the inferior-posterior and inferior sites of the TM in the FE model and human temporal bones. The results show that variation of middle ear pressure is related to the perforation type and location, and is sensitive to frequency.
Ocular Hypotensive Actions of Haloperidol, a Dopaminergic Antagonist (1984)

Haloperidol, a dopaminergic antagonist, was found to be very effective in suppressing the intraocular pressure recovery curve of rabbits infused with 20% saline intravenously. Haloperidol was at least equipotent, if not more potent, in lowering IOP and had much longer duration of action compared with timolol maleate. In the cat model, haloperidol increased aqueous humor (AH) outflow initially, followed by a long-lasting suppression of AH formation. Since haloperidol does not block beta-adrenergic receptors and the ophthalmic dose required to lower IOP is only 6.5% of the antipsychotic dose, haloperidol might be a good drug for glaucoma treatment with the possibility of minimal side effects.
Differential Counting of Asbestos Using Phase Contrast and Fluorescence Microscopy (2016)

Considering the increasing use of various asbestos substitutes, asbestos risk management in many industries may require accurate techniques for detecting and distinguishing asbestos from non-asbestos fibers. Using fluorescently labeled asbestos-binding proteins, we previously developed a novel method for detection and counting of asbestos fibers under fluorescence microscopy (FM). This method can provide speedy, on-site detection and identification of the asbestos fibers and has higher sensitivity than phase contrast microscopy (PCM). However, current asbestos exposure limits are derived from risk assessments based on epidemiological studies that were conducted using PCM fiber counts. Therefore, the sensitivity of asbestos testing should be maintained at PCM level to properly assess compliance with these limit values. Here, we developed and tested a novel application of FM as a differential counting method that complements PCM analysis and is fully compatible with the PCM-based epidemiological data. In the combined PCM-FM method, the fluorescent asbestos-binding probe is applied prior to filter clearing. The method makes it possible to easily switch between two microscopic techniques while analyzing the same fields of view: PCM is used for counting fibers, and FM for differentiating asbestos from non-asbestos fibers. Using airborne dust samples from demolition sites in Japan, we compared PCM-FM with scanning electron microscopy (SEM)-based differential counting method. Statistical analysis indicated a slight conservative bias of PCM-FM method, combined with relatively high variability across the full range of fiber concentrations in our sample set. Using correlative microscopy, we also evaluated the specificity of FM staining, which is a potential cause of variability between the two methods. The energy-dispersive X-ray analysis indicated that ~95% of fluorescently stained fibers in the demolition site samples were correctly identified as asbestos. While further research is needed to fully clarify the causes of variability between FM- and SEM-based differential counting, PCM-FM could be used for rapid and selective detection of asbestos fibers in field samples.
2.3-2.7-μm room temperature CW operation of InGaAsSb-AlGaAsSb broad waveguide SCH-QW diode lasers (1999)

A new approach in the design of (Al)InGaAsSb-GaSb quantum-well separate confinement heterostructure (QW-SCH) diode lasers has led to continuous-wave (CW) room-temperature lasing up to 2.7 μm. This has been achieved by using quasiternary heavily strained InGaSb(As) QW's inside a broad-waveguide SCH laser structure. The QW compositions are chosen in the region outside the miscibility gap and, as a consequence, do not suffer from clustering and composition inhomogeneity normally found with quaternary InGaAsSb compounds of 2.3-2.7-μm spectral range. Very low threshold current density (/spl sim/300 A/cm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> ) and high CW output powers (>100 mW) were obtained from devices operating in the 2.3-2.6-μm wavelength range.
Ultra-sonic sensor system for monitoring rolling and/or pitching motion of vehicle (1988)

First Page
Digital parallel acquisition in frequency domain fluorimetry (1989)

The analog electronics commonly found in frequency domain fluorometers are limited to collecting only a single frequency at a time, and can be a source of systematic errors. We have developed an instrument in which most of the analog electronics are replaced with a computer-controlled digital-acquisition system. The computer is used for the direct collection of multifrequency data; filtering and calculation of the phase and modulation ratio are done by the software. From these values, fluorescence lifetimes can be determined. This new approach reduces most of the systematic errors due to the analog electronics’ hardware and allows for reconfiguration of the instrument with only minor changes of the software. This digital-acquisition system is not a simple substitution of an analog element, but it provides a new function and new capabilities for frequency domain fluorometers. We have used this digital approach to build a ‘‘parallel’’ phase fluorometer which simultaneously collects and processes several modulation frequencies.
<title>Two-photon excitation in scanning laser microscopy (Abstract Only)</title> (1992)

Two-photon excitation in scanning laser fluorescence microscopy provides axial resolution and rejection of out of focus background similar to that provided by confocal microscopy. Two- photon excitation is allowed by the extremely high peak intensity (> 1010 W/cm2) at the waist of a highly focused beam of subpicosecond pulses from a modelocked laser. Chromophore excitation and photobleaching are restricted to the focal plane by quadratic dependence of the excitation rate on incident intensity. Sectional imaging is therefore possible without the need of a confocal aperture allowing the use of UV excited chromophores, including quantitative fluorescent indicators of divalent cations, which are problematic for confocal microscopy because of chromatic aberration of objective lenses. Furthermore, sectional imaging becomes possible using widefield viewing detectors such as CCD arrays or video camera. The confinement of two-photon excitation to the focal volume allows point localized photochemistry. Two-photon excited release of caged biological probes makes possible the observation of the living cell's response to chemical stimuli with the spatial resolution of optical microscopy. Two-photon excited laser scanning photolithography allows the generation of complicated 3-D forms with a single patterned exposure and one development step. Two-photon activation of fluorescent dyes allows 3-D optical data storage at extremely high density. Two-photon excited release of caged fluorescent probes allows micromobility measurements in 3-D bulk media. By photolytic release of fluorescent dye and subsequent observation of its redistribution it is possible to quantitatively study diffusional transport properties in polymers and living biological specimens.
<title>Spatially and angle-multiplexed holographic random access memory</title> (1993)

A 3-D holographic optical memory is described that combines spatially and angularly multiplexed storage to yield a storage capacity of approximately 1012 bits in a crystal with volume less than 100 cm3. A non-mechanical scanning mechanism, consisting of acoustooptic deflectors and a segmented mirror, retrieves any stored hologram in a time equal to the acoustic delay through the aperture of the acoustooptic deflector.© (1993) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.
Formation of a Nonreducing Trisaccharide, Selaginose, from Trehalose by a Cell-free System of Thermoanaerobium brockii. (1999)

A nonreducing trisaccharide was formed in a reaction mixture containing trehalose and the cell-free extract of a thermophilic anaerobe, Thermoanaerobium brockii ATCC 35047. This saccharide was isolated from the mixture by trehalase digestion, alkaline treatment and preparative HPLC. From the results of partial acid hydrolysis, methylation analysis, and 13C-NMR analysis, the chemical structure of the saccharide was determined to be 2-O-α-D-glucopyranosyl α-D-glucopyranosyl α-D-glucopyrano- side (selaginose). Two enzymes related to Selaginose synthesis were partially purified by DEAEToyopearl column chromatography from the cell-free extract of T brockii. One was a trehalose phosphorylase (EC 2.4.1.64), which catalyzes the reversible phosphorolysis of trehalose into β-glucose-1-phosphate and glucose. The other synthesized kojibiose from β-glucose 1-phosphate and glucose. The latter enzyme was considered to be a novel phosphorylase. The hypothetical mechanism of selaginose synthesis was proposed as follows: trehalose+Pi→glucose+β-glucose 1-phosphate, β-glucose 1-phosphate +trehalose→selaginose+Pi.
Molecular Basis for Preferential Protective Efficacy of Antibodies Directed to the Poorly Acetylated Form of Staphylococcal Poly- <i>N</i> -Acetyl-β-(1-6)-Glucosamine (2007)

Poly-N-acetyl-glucosamine (PNAG) is a staphylococcal surface polysaccharide influencing biofilm formation that is also under investigation for its vaccine potential. Antibodies that bind to PNAG with either low (<15%) or high (>90%) levels of acetate are superior at opsonic and protective activity compared with antibodies that bind to PNAG with only high levels (>70%) of acetate. PNAG is synthesized by four proteins encoded within the intercellular adhesin (ica) locus icaADBC. In Staphylococcus epidermidis, icaB encodes a deacetylase needed for the surface retention of PNAG and optimal biofilm formation. In this study, we confirmed that icaB plays a similar role in Staphylococcus aureus and found that an icaB mutant of S. aureus expressed significantly less surface-associated PNAG, was highly susceptible to antibody-independent opsonic killing that could not be enhanced with antibody raised against deacetylated PNAG (dPNAG), and had reduced survival capacity in a murine model of bacteremia. In contrast, an icaB-overexpressing strain produced primarily surface-associated PNAG, was more susceptible to opsonophagocytosis with antibody to dPNAG, and had increased survival in a murine bacteremia model. The highly acetylated secreted PNAG was more effective at blocking opsonic killing mediated by a human monoclonal antibody (mAb) to native PNAG than it was at blocking killing mediated by a human mAb to dPNAG, which by itself was a more effective opsonin. Retention of dPNAG on the surface of S. aureus is key to increased survival during bacteremia and also provides a molecular mechanism explaining the superior opsonic and protective activity of antibody to dPNAG.
Development of an Isoform-Specific Tandem Mass Spectrometry Assay for Absolute Quantitation of Maize Lipid Transfer Proteins (2014)

Precise and accurate quantitation of maize grain allergens is important for seed and food industries. The major allergen in maize grain is Zea m 14, a lipid transfer protein (LTP). The B73 maize genome encodes for at least six LTPs sharing 15%-87% sequence identity to Zea m 14. Phylogenetic analysis of the maize LTP family revealed one gene that corresponds to Zea m 14 (denoted as LTPa) and two other genes sharing 43% (LTPc) and 74% (LTPb) identity with Zea m 14 that are putative homologues. Using stable isotope peptide mimics as internal standards for LTPs, we present a multiple reaction monitoring mass spectrometry approach for multiplexed, absolute quantitation of all three LTP proteins and alternative transcript models therein. To validate quantitative accuracy, a redundant peptide, simultaneously representing the two most abundant LTPs, was included. Analysis of 21 maize varieties revealed LTPa was most prominently expressed in maize grain, ranging from 9 to 32 μg LTP/mg protein. Proteins belonging to the LTPb and LTPc gene models were also expressed but at approximately 10- and 100-fold lower levels than LTPa, respectively. The quantitative results provided by the redundant peptide show around 95% agreement with the sum of the two unique peptides, thus providing support for the LTP gene models and validating the accuracy of this method. Though not all Zea m 14-related LTPs are abundant in grain, their high sequence homology and detectable expression in maize grain signify that LTPb and LTPc are putative allergens and should be accounted for in any quantitation strategy for maize LTP allergens.
Effect of thioredoxin-linked reduction on the activity and stability of the Kunitz and Bowman-Birk soybean trypsin inhibitor proteins (1992)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTEffect of thioredoxin-linked reduction on the activity and stability of the Kunitz and Bowman-Birk soybean trypsin inhibitor proteinsJin An. Jiao, Boihon C. Yee, Karoly. Kobrehel, and Bob B. BuchananCite this: J. Agric. Food Chem. 1992, 40, 12, 2333–2336Publication Date (Print):December 1, 1992Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 December 1992https://doi.org/10.1021/jf00024a002Request reuse permissionsArticle Views254Altmetric-Citations42LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (503 KB) Get e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Demonstrated command-triggering of a plasma opening switch (2002)

The addition of command triggering to the high energy density of inductive energy storage could have applications to very precisely synchronized pulsers or multi-module drivers. This paper describes an experiment to test the concept of command triggering, and to measure the trigger energy required under well-defined conditions. The opening switch reliably triggers over a wide range-the storage inductor quarter-cycle time. Results from the pulsed power testing, calculations of the magnetic field in the plasma acceleration region, and results from the initial experiments with the triggered stage are shown here. Initial experiments demonstrate triggering over a range of a factor of 16 difference in conducted charge.
<title>S-STIR: similarity search through iterative refinement</title> (1997)

Similarity retrieval of images based on texture and color features has generated a lot of interests recently. Most of these similarity retrievals are based on the computation of the Euclidean distance between the target feature vector and the feature vectors in the database. Euclidean distance, however, does not necessarily reflect either relative similarity required by the user. In this paper, a method based on nonlinear multidimensional scaling is proposed to provide a mechanism for the user to dynamically adjust the similarity measure. The results show that a significant improvement on the precision versus recall curve has been achieved.
Three-dimensional and thermal surface imaging produces reliable measures of joint shape and temperature: a potential tool for quantifying arthritis (2008)

3D and thermal imaging provide reliable measures of joint volume, shape, and thermal patterns. Further refinement may lead to the use of these technologies to improve the assessment of disease activity in arthritis.