gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Stabilizing the fractionally spaced equalizer by prewhitening (2002)

A novel technique for stabilization of the adaptive fractionally spaced equalizer (FSE) is presented. The technique consists in whitening the signal at the FSE input, and in using the tap-leakage algorithm for adapting the FSE. The feature of the method is that, asymptotically, it achieves both optimal conditioning of the equalizer and no performance loss. A comparison with other stabilization techniques, namely the tap-leakage, the Uyematsu and Sakaniwa (1985) algorithm and an improved version of the latter algorithm, shows the effectiveness of our proposal.
On embedded scalar quantization (2004)

The paper studies the rate-distortion performance of symmetric scalar quantizers having a large (effectively infinite) number of steps and using the same step size for all steps except the one containing the zero input value. Quantizers of this form have been shown to have good performance for a variety of sources, and are precisely optimal for the Laplacian source. The performance is investigated particularly for embedded quantization, in which the representation of a source quantity is refined successively by forming finer quantizers from further segmentation of the steps of coarser quantizer constructions. Although the use of a double-wide dead-zone has dominated prior embedded quantization practice, it is shown that any rational number can be maintained as a stable dead-zone ratio. Two forms are investigated in more depth - quantizers with dead-zone ratios of 1 and 2 - and a ratio of 1 is shown often to provide a significant performance advantage (up to 1 dB). Performance is explored primarily in the context of the generalized Gaussian pdf using the squared-error distortion measure, but should also apply in other contexts.
Electromagnetic Method for Detection of Parasites in Fish (1994)

An electromagnetic method that can detect parasites in fish muscle has been developed. The hypothesis tested was that changes in current flow around a parasite could be detected by variations in electromagnetic field strength. The use of electrical properties of fish muscle and associated parasites simplified the detection problem by changing it from complex pattern recognition to simple current detection. This technique has the potential for automated industrial applications requiring high sensitivity, high resolution, easy defect recognition, and fast throughput.
Dual Stationary Frame Control of Inverter-based Resources for Reliable Phase Selection (2021)

Phase selection is a significant protection element, which determines faulty phase(s). However, commercial phase selection methods (PSMs) are susceptible to failure in the presence of inverter-interfaced resources (IBRs) because their fault currents possess different characteristics than conventional generation sources. This paper develops a dual current controller (DCC) in the stationary frame to make the traditional current-angle-based PSM operate correctly at the relay location without frame transformation. First, the fault type is determined at the IBR. Then, the reference angle of the negative-sequence current is determined to achieve the current-angle-based PSM requirements. Subsequently, the negative-sequence current reference in the stationary frame is determined according to its current reference angle and its maximum current limit. Besides, the positive-sequence current is determined based on the active and reactive current references. Lastly, the sinusoidal reference currents are tracked accurately using a proportional-resonant (PR) control. Comprehensive time-domain simulations are used to validate the accuracy of the proposed DCC under different fault conditions.
Precision (2016)

The widespread availability of high-quality motion capture data and the maturity of solutions to animate virtual characters has paved the way for the next generation of interactive virtual worlds exhibiting intricate interactions between characters and the environments they inhabit. However, current motion synthesis techniques have not been designed to scale with complex environments and contact-rich motions, requiring environment designers to manually embed motion semantics in the environment geometry in order to address online motion synthesis. This paper presents an automated approach for analyzing both motions and environments in order to represent the different ways in which an environment can afford a character to move. We extract the salient features that characterize the contact-rich motion repertoire of a character and detect valid transitions in the environment where each of these motions may be possible, along with additional semantics that inform which surfaces of the environment the character may use for support during the motion. The precomputed motion semantics can be easily integrated into standard navigation and animation pipelines in order to greatly enhance the motion capabilities of virtual characters. The computational efficiency of our approach enables two additional applications. Environment designers can interactively design new environments and get instant feedback on how characters may potentially interact, which can be used for iterative modeling and refinement. End users can dynamically edit virtual worlds and characters will automatically accommodate the changes in the environment in their movement strategies.
Direct torque and flux regulation in sensorless control of an induction motor (2001)

A novel scheme for direct torque and flux control of induction motors (IM) is presented. The scheme does not use a transformation to the rotor flux related frame and it guarantees the asymptotic stability of the torque and flux tracking. To perform the controller design a torque-flux dynamic model with stator voltage as an input is obtained and separation of the torque and flux regulation is achieved. The controller is elaborated as a part of the sensorless control scheme of IM and it shows robustness with respect to rotor time constant changes. For slow reference commands a control scheme based on the steady state solution of the torque-flux model is also analyzed. It is significantly simpler than the dynamic scheme and has better robustness properties with respect to the current noise. The controllers can also be applied if the rotor speed signal is available. The analysis of the stator current and voltage constraints determines the allowable set of the torque and flux reference commands. Simulation results are presented to verify the proposed approach.
Wavelength division multiplexed systems using semiconductor optical amplifiers (2000)

An overview will be given of recent DWDM transmission experiments using SOAs as the in-line amplifiers. Line capacities up to 320 Gb/s have been demonstrated with BER < 10−11. The effects of signal-to-noise ratio and inter-channel crosstalk will be discussed.
Architecture aware compilation of quantum circuits via lazy synthesis (2022)

Qubit routing is a key problem for quantum circuit compilation. It consists in rewriting a quantum circuit by adding the least possible number of instructions to make the circuit compliant with some architecture&apos;s connectivity constraints. Usually, this problem is tackled via either SWAP insertion techniques or re-synthesis of portions of the circuit using architecture aware synthesis algorithms. In this work, we propose a meta-heuristic that couples the iterative approach of SWAP insertion techniques with greedy architecture-aware synthesis routines. We propose two new compilation algorithms based on this meta-heuristic and compare their performances to state-of-the-art quantum circuit compilation techniques for several standard classes of quantum circuits and show significant reduction in the entangling gate overhead due to compilation.
Multistep Synthesis of a Radiolabeled Imaging Probe Using Integrated Microfluidics (2005)

Microreactor technology has shown potential for optimizing synthetic efficiency, particularly in preparing sensitive compounds. We achieved the synthesis of an [(18)F]fluoride-radiolabeled molecular imaging probe, 2-deoxy-2-[18F]fluoro-D-glucose ([18F]FDG), in an integrated microfluidic device. Five sequential processes-[18F]fluoride concentration, water evaporation, radiofluorination, solvent exchange, and hydrolytic deprotection-proceeded with high radio-chemical yield and purity and with shorter synthesis time relative to conventional automated synthesis. Multiple doses of [18F]FDG for positron emission tomography imaging studies in mice were prepared. These results, which constitute a proof of principle for automated multistep syntheses at the nanogram to microgram scale, could be generalized to a range of radiolabeled substrates.
Formation of elastomeric network polymers from ambient heterogeneous hydrosilations of carboranylenesiloxane and branched siloxane monomers (2005)

Abstract The Karstedt catalyst‐catalyzed ambient‐condition hydrosilation reactions in hexane of a monomeric vinyl‐containing carboranylenesiloxane, 1 , and three‐branched siloxane crosslinker monomers were discovered to produce elastomeric network polymers at very rapid rates of formation. The flexible and transparent films of the saturated elastomeric network polymers were observed to possess low glass‐transition temperatures (below −35 °C). Similar hydrosilation reactions at two different reactant ratios involving a diethynyl‐containing carboranylenesiloxane, 2 , and the siloxane crosslinkers produced partially hydrosilated and completely hydrosilated polymeric networked systems, which were transparent and elastomeric at room temperature. The glass‐transition temperatures of all the polymeric systems formulated from 2 were below 0 °C. The elastomeric polymeric networks from 1 and 2 were found to have degradation temperatures in the range of 500–550 °C. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 44: 147–155, 2006
Sigma-Point Kalman Filters for Nonlinear Estimation and Sensor-Fusion: Applications to Integrated Navigation (2004)

A probabilistic framework, called Sigma-point Kalman Filters (SPKF) was applied to the problem domain addressed by the extended Kalman Filter (EKF). SPKF methods are superior to the standard EKF based estimation approaches, as an SPKF achieves second-order or higher accuracy. The SPKF has also been applied to the integrated navigation problem as it relates to unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) autonomy. The SPKF-based sensor latency compensation technique is used to demonstrate the lagged GPS measurements.
Encapsulation of Sulfur in a Hollow Porous Carbon Substrate for Superior Li‐S Batteries with Long Lifespan (2013)

A hollow carbon substrate is prepared via a simple hydrothermal method with sulfonated polystyrene sphere as the template. A sulfur-carbon composite based on the carbon substrate shows a high electrochemical activity, an ultralong lifespan (255 days, 600 cycles), and a favorable rate capability in a Li-S battery. As a service to our authors and readers, this journal provides supporting information supplied by the authors. Such materials are peer reviewed and may be re-organized for online delivery, but are not copy-edited or typeset. Technical support issues arising from supporting information (other than missing files) should be addressed to the authors. Please note: The publisher is not responsible for the content or functionality of any supporting information supplied by the authors. Any queries (other than missing content) should be directed to the corresponding author for the article.
Intraluminal Water Increases Expression of Plasmid DNA in Rat Lung (1996)

Effective gene delivery to specific organs is a major goal for human gene therapy. The lung's structure allows instillation of agents into the airspaces, directly adjacent to the lung epithelium. We hypothesized that the airspace instillation of hypotonic solutions would increase the permeability of the lung epithelium and increase DNA uptake. This hypothesis was tested by instilling plasmid DNA (p4241) encoding the luciferase gene in isotonic and hypotonic solutions. The highest luciferase expression in the lung was achieved after the instillation of this plasmid DNA in distilled water. Aerosolization of water just before the instillation of the plasmid DNA also enhanced the expression level of luciferase in the lung. In addition, an intralobar instillation of the plasmid DNA in water significantly increased the luciferase expression, suggesting that the instillation of the plasmid over a smaller surface area increased expression. Levels of expression could be measured for 3 days. Water increases the permeability of lung epithelial cells transiently and/or enhances gene expression and can be used to achieve gene expression in the lung airspaces for short intervals without toxicity.
ChemInform Abstract: A NEW AND SIMPLE METHOD OF RESOLUTION. PREPARATION OF 3‐FLUORO‐D‐ALANINE‐2‐D (1977)

Abstract S‐,Fluor‐alanine (I) werden mit Acetylaceton und ggf. Alkali in Derivate (II) bzw. (III) umgewandelt und in die entsprechenden Antipoden getrennt, speziell über die Chinin‐ Salze.
Facile Chemoenzymatic Strategies for the Synthesis and Utilization of<i>S</i>‐Adenosyl‐<scp>L</scp>‐Methionine Analogues (2014)

Abstract A chemoenzymatic platform for the synthesis of S ‐adenosyl‐ L ‐methionine (SAM) analogues compatible with downstream SAM‐utilizing enzymes is reported. Forty‐four non‐native S/Se‐alkylated Met analogues were synthesized and applied to probing the substrate specificity of five diverse methionine adenosyltransferases (MATs). Human MAT II was among the most permissive of the MATs analyzed and enabled the chemoenzymatic synthesis of 29 non‐native SAM analogues. As a proof of concept for the feasibility of natural product “alkylrandomization”, a small set of differentially‐alkylated indolocarbazole analogues was generated by using a coupled hMAT2–RebM system (RebM is the sugar C4′‐ O ‐methyltransferase that is involved in rebeccamycin biosynthesis). The ability to couple SAM synthesis and utilization in a single vessel circumvents issues associated with the rapid decomposition of SAM analogues and thereby opens the door for the further interrogation of a wide range of SAM utilizing enzymes.
Differential cascode voltage switch with the pass-gate (DCVSPG) logic tree for high performance CMOS digital systems (2002)

A new circuit configuration, the differential cascode voltage switch with the pass-gate logic tree (DCVSPG), is presented. In this circuit family, the authors use the pass-gate logic tree to replace the nMOS logic tree in the conventional DCVS circuit in order to eliminate the floating-node problem. By eliminating the floating-node, the DCVSPG shows superior performance, silicon area and power consumption. Moreover, the dynamic DCVSPG also provides the leverage of relieving the charge redistribution concern and reinforces the signal integrity in the typical pre-charge dynamic circuits. The principle of operation of the DCVSPG is explained. A simple synthesis technique of the pass-gate logic tree is discussed. Finally, a 64-bit carry look-ahead adder is designed by using the static DCVSPG circuit. A nominal cycle time (T/sub a/=22 degrees C and power supply of 2.5 V) of 2.0 ns is obtained by using a 0.5 mu m CMOS technology.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Protection of high voltage power and programming pins (1998)

Electrostatic discharge (ESD) protection of an integrated circuit's (IC's) high voltage power pins is achieved without damage to thin oxides by dividing the steady-state voltage and arranging weak forward bias of the diodes of a cantilever clamp. Also, V <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">pp</inf> programming pins are protected by cantilever clamps of various kinds, including some which turn on when breakdown is detected and turn off after V <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">cc</inf> is powered up.
True-azimuth Versus Zero-azimuth 3-D Multiple Prediction – Two Case Studies (2009)

The paper discusses two different strategies for data-driven 3-D multiple prediction in marine seismic data processing. A comparison is made between methods that make use of zero-azimuth assumptions, where multiples are generated for source and receiver p
Second Generation, Orally Active, Antimalarial, Artemisinin-Derived Trioxane Dimers with High Stability, Efficacy, and Anticancer Activity (2006)

In only two steps and in 63% overall yield, naturally occurring 1,2,4-trioxane artemisinin (1) was converted into C-10-carba trioxane conjugated diene dimer 4. This new dimer was then transformed easily in one additional 4 + 2-cycloaddition step into phthalate dimer 5, and further modification led to bis-benzyl alcohol dimer 7 and its phosphorylated analogues 8 and 9. Bis-benzyl alcohol dimer 7 is the most antimalarially active in vitro, 10 times more potent than artemisinin (1). Bis-benzyl alcohol dimer 7 is approximately 1.5 times more orally efficacious in rodents than the antimalarial drug sodium artesunate and is about 37 times more efficacious than sodium artesunate via subcutaneous administration. Both dimers 5 and 7 are thermally stable neat even at 60 degrees C for 24 h. Phthalate dimer 5 is very highly growth inhibitory but not cytotoxic toward several human cancer cell lines; both dimers 5 and 7 very efficiently and selectively kill human cervical cancer cells in vitro in a dose-dependent manner with no cytotoxic effects on normal cervical cells.
Selective and Effective Bactericidal Activity of the Cobalt (II) Cation against <i>Helicobacter pylori</i> (2004)

Cobalt competes for nickel in its acquisition by H. pylori, but mediates toxicity in a nonurease dependent fashion. As cobalt MIC is similar to some antibiotics and 10 to a hundred times lower than for bismuth, cobalt may represent an effective form of therapy for H. pylori infection.
Polyimides Made From PDMDA (1995)

Thermally stable linear aromatic polyimides with improved optical, electrical, and processing characteristics made from 3,3'-bis(3,4-dicarboxyphenoxy)diphenylmethane dianhydride (PDMDA). Made in form of powders that can be dissolved to cast thin films. Potentially useful as coating and matrix materials. Films made vary from transparent to pale yellow. Greater degrees of transparency and lower dielectric constants make these polyimides more suitable for use in some electronic and optical applications; e.g., as insulating materials on wires and protective films on solar photovoltaic cells.
<i>Pseudomonas synxantha</i> 2-79 Transformed with Pyrrolnitrin Biosynthesis Genes Has Improved Biocontrol Activity Against Soilborne Pathogens of Wheat and Canola (2020)

A four-gene operon (<i>prnABCD</i>) from <i>Pseudomonas protegens</i> Pf-5 encoding the biosynthesis of the antibiotic pyrronitrin was introduced into <i>P. synxantha</i> (formerly <i>P. fluorescens</i>) 2-79, an aggressive root colonizer of both dryland and irrigated wheat roots that naturally produces the antibiotic phenazine-1-carboxylic acid and suppresses both take-all and Rhizoctonia root rot of wheat. Recombinant strains ZHW15 and ZHW25 produced both antibiotics and maintained population sizes in the rhizosphere of wheat that were comparable to those of strain 2-79. The recombinant strains inhibited in vitro the wheat pathogens <i>Rhizoctonia solani</i> anastomosis group 8 (AG-8) and AG-2-1, <i>Gaeumannomyces graminis</i> var. <i>tritici</i>, <i>Sclerotinia sclerotiorum</i>, <i>Fusarium culmorum</i>, and <i>F. pseudograminearum</i> significantly more than did strain 2-79. Both the wild-type and recombinant strains were equally inhibitory of <i>Pythium ultimum</i>. When applied as a seed treatment, the recombinant strains suppressed take-all, Rhizoctonia root rot of wheat, and Rhizoctonia root and stem rot of canola significantly better than did wild-type strain 2-79.
AIRBOC (Air Rapid Bloom Offboard Chaff) Chaff Deployment System. (1986)

Abstract : An AIRBOC chaff deployment apparatus comprises a canister with a wind flap attached externally to the canister and connected to a drogue chute that is housed inside the canister. The drogue chute is situated atop a main chute that is atop a release mechanism, which is atop a fuze and that is atop a chaft payload, all of which is housed inside the canister. When the AIRBOC is dropped from a plane, the wind flap extends, pulling out the drogue chute. The drogue chute in turn activates the release mechanism which frees the drogue chute to pull out the main chute to which the drogue chute is connected. The deployment of the main chute causes a force greater than 40 lbs to be applied to the release mechanism, resulting in the chaff payload being released from the canister and the fuze being activated, consequently detonating the released chaff payload.
Engine Valves—Design and Material Evolution (1987)

This paper reviews the design and material evolution of poppet valves used in reciprocating internal combustion engines in the United States. Driving forces which led to the current state-of-the-art technology, such as needs for improved durability and cost effectiveness, are described. This paper also endeavors to predict how valve materials, design, and construction will change over the next two decades in response to continual engine performance improvement demands in a worldwide competitive environment. As a basis for understanding the past evolution and future trends in valve design, the key operating parameters that affect valve function are detailed.
Photogeneration of “clickable” surface‐bound polymer scaffolds (2017)

A photoactive self-assembled monolayer (SAM) containing phthalimide chromophores can bind an alkyne-terminated poly (tert-butyl acrylate) polymer to the surface of the SAM upon exposure to UV light. The alkyne groups can then be used to bind species bearing azide groups via a Cu-catalyzed 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition reaction (click chemistry). The method provides a general approach to generate functionality, and in this case “clickable” functionality, to the surface of a material.
Utilization of Suffix Array for Quick STD and Its Evaluation on the NTCIR-9 SpokenDoc Task (2011)

We propose a technique for detecting keywords quickly from a very large speech database without using a large-sized memory. For acceleration of search and saving the use of memory, we employed a suffix array as a data structure and applied phonemebased DP-matching to it. To avoid exponential explosion of
Ontogeny of Cloned Cattle to Lactation (2002)

Central to the success of large animal cloning is the production of healthy animals that can provide products for human health, food, and other animal agriculture applications. We report development of cloned cattle derived from 34 genetically unique, nonembryonic cell lines using nuclear transfer performed between 1 January 1998 and 29 February 2000. Nearly 25% (535/2170) of the recipients receiving reconstructed embryos initiated pregnancy. Overall, 19.8% (106/535) of the initiated pregnancies resulted in live births, while 77% (82/106) of these cattle clones remain healthy and productive today. Although a wide variation in birth weight of clone calves was observed, their growth rates, reproductive performance, and lactation characteristics are similar to that found in noncloned dairy cattle. Our data represent the most comprehensive information on cattle derived from nuclear transfer procedures and indicate that this emerging reproductive technology offers unique opportunities to meet critical needs in both human health care and agriculture.