gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Ciclesonide in the Management of Asthma (2009)

Ciclesonide is a novel inhaled corticosteroid (ICSs) approved in most countries for the management of persistent asthma. Although inhaled corticosteroids are first-line therapy in the treatment of asthma, long term use and high-doses of these products may result in significant side effects. When developing a new ICSs, the goal is to identify a drug with comparable (or superior) efficacy to active comparators, and an improved safety profile. Ciclesonide is a prodrug which is administered through a hydrofluoroalkane-propellant metered dose inhaler (HFA-MDI). Once it reaches the lungs, the parent compound is metabolized by esterases to desisobutyryl ciclesonide (des-CIC), an active metabolite with a 100-fold greater affinity for the glucocorticoid receptor. Ciclesonide has a unique pharmacokinetic-pharmacodynamic profile which confers an improved therapeutic ratio. Several clinical trials have shown that its efficacy is superior to placebo and similar to several active comparators. However, its high pulmonary deposition and on-site activation minimizes the risk for local side effects. Also, its low oral bioavailability, high hepatic clearance, and extensive plasma protein binding, among other factors, decrease the risk for systemic side effects. Doses of ciclesonide as high as 1280 μg/day (ex-actuator) result in minimal hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis suppression, a measure commonly used to assess systemic bioavailability for an ICSs. This review will provide a summary of ciclesonide's role in the management of asthma, including a discussion of relevant clinical trials designed to evaluate its efficacy and safety.
Profiling the Arctic Stable Boundary Layer in Advent Valley, Svalbard: Measurements and Simulations (2012)

The unmanned aerial system SUMO (Small Unmanned Meteorological Observer) has been used for the observation of the structure and behaviour of the atmospheric boundary layer above the Advent Valley, Svalbard during a two-week period in early spring 2009. Temperature, humidity and wind profiles measured by the SUMO system have been compared with measurements of a small tethered balloon system that was operated simultaneously. It is shown that both systems complement each other. Above 200 m, the SUMO system outperforms the tethered balloon in terms of flexibility and the ability to penetrate strong inversion layers of the Arctic boundary layer. Below that level, the tethered balloon system provides atmospheric profiles with higher accuracy, mainly due to its ability to operate at very low vertical velocities. For the observational period, a numerical mesoscale model has been run at high resolution and evaluated with SUMO profiles reaching up to a height of 1500 m above the ground. The sensitivity to the choice of atmospheric boundary-layer schemes and horizontal resolution has been investigated. A new scheme especially suited for stable conditions slightly improves the temperature forecast in stable conditions, although all schemes show a warm bias close to the surface and a cold bias above the atmospheric boundary layer. During one cold and cloudless night, the SUMO system could be operated nearly continuously (every 30–45 minutes). This allowed for a detailed case study addressing the structure and behaviour of the air column within and above Advent Valley and its interaction with the local topography. The SUMO measurements in conjunction with a 10-m meteorological mast enabled the identification of a very stable nocturnal surface layer adjacent to the valley bottom, a stable air column in the valley and a strong inversion layer above the summit height. The results indicate the presence of inertial-gravity waves during the night, a feature not captured by the model.
Depth estimation of stereo matching based on microarray camera (2017)

Depth information affects greatly the accuracy of image measurement, 3D reconstruction and image recognition. In general, the methods of obtaining depth information are from 3D laser scanners, structured light, and depth cameras. The traditional method using binocular camera to obtain the depth information of images is based on the disparity between the left and right views, but it also brings some problems such as the occlusion area and mismatched points. To improve the accuracy, we proposed a novel method of depth estimation of stereo matching based on microarray camera. First, each lens in the camera is calibrated to compute the intrinsic and extrinsic parameters, which are used to rectify the captured images respectively. Then stereo matching between images is modeled by a Markov random field, and the energy cost function for the MRF is built and the minimization of it is solved with Graph-Cuts algorithm. Finally, the matching result is obtained with depth information simultaneously. In the minimization procedure, level division of depth is incorporated, and the gradient information of the reference image is utilized to refine the depth layers of the corresponding image. Experimental results showed the efficiency and accuracy of the proposed algorithm.
A Modular Fluorescence Intramolecular Energy Transfer Saccharide Sensor (2002)

[structure: see text] A modular fluorescence intramolecular energy transfer saccharide sensor 2 has been prepared with phenanthrene as the donor and pyrene as the acceptor.
Antimutagenic effects of taurine in a bacterial assay system. (1989)

Taurine (2-aminoethanesulfonic acid) was evaluated as an antimutagen in the Ames Salmonella tester strain assay. Taurine inhibited mutagenesis by doxorubicin (-74%), bleomycin (-55%), mitomycin C (-56%), and 2-aminofluorene (-52%), but not danthrone or benzo(a)pyrene, in strain TA102. In strain TA98, doxorubicin mutagenicity, but not that of 2-aminofluorene or benzo(a)pyrene, was inhibited by taurine. N-Methyl-N'-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine (-73%), but not dexon, mutagenicity was inhibited by taurine in strain TA100. Taurine inhibited those mutagens against which it was effective in a dose-related fashion. Taurine was more effective in inhibiting doxorubicin mutagenicity in strain TA102 than its analogues hypotaurine, beta-alanine, and guanidinoethanesulfonic acid or alanine or glycine. The observed inhibition may indicate a role for taurine in modulating the activity of oxidant species.
Study of Cathode Materials for Lithium-Ion Batteries: Recent Progress and New Challenges (2017)

Amongst a number of different cathode materials, the layered nickel-rich LiNiyCoxMn1−y−xO2 and the integrated lithium-rich xLi2MnO3·(1 − x)Li[NiaCobMnc]O2 (a + b + c = 1) have received considerable attention over the last decade due to their high capacities of ~195 and ~250 mAh·g−1, respectively. Both materials are believed to play a vital role in the development of future electric vehicles, which makes them highly attractive for researchers from academia and industry alike. The review at hand deals with both cathode materials and highlights recent achievements to enhance capacity stability, voltage stability, and rate capability, etc. The focus of this paper is on novel strategies and established methods such as coatings and dopings.
Efficient genetic algorithm design for power-of-two FIR filters (2002)

This paper presents an efficient genetic approach to the design of digital finite impulse response (FIR) filters with coefficients constrained to be sums of power-of-two terms. To obtain such efficiency, i.e. a reduction of computational costs and an improvement in performance, a specific filter coefficient coding scheme has been studied and implemented. The resulting genetic algorithm (GA) is explained and compared experimentally with other state-of-the-art design techniques on several power-of-two FIR filter design cases. It can be seen that the proposed genetic technique is able to attain results as good as or better than the other methods. Moreover it can be easily implemented on parallel hardware.
Large pyroelectric effect in undoped epitaxial Pb(Zr,Ti)O3 thin films on SrTiO3 substrates (2008)

We have studied pyroelectric and ferroelectric properties of Pb(Zr,Ti)O3 thin films grown epitaxially on SrTiO3(001) substrates by rf magnetron sputtering. The pyroelectric coefficient was measured in the temperature range from 280 to 370 K using the Byer–Roundy method. Values as high as 48 nC/cm2 K have been obtained at 300 K. The PZT thin films exhibited a remanent polarization of 45–58 μC/cm2. The improved pyroelectric coefficient was attributed to a high crystalline quality of the films, as revealed by x-ray diffraction that showed only (001)-oriented perovskite PZT phase and a ω-rocking curve full width at half maximum value as low as 4.2 arc min for 300 nm thick films.
Sensory fusion for intelligent navigation of mobile robot (2002)

We develop techniques to fuse a robot's sonar and wheel encoder information to produce a map. The sonar(s) gives the distance of the closest object(s) to the robot. The wheel encoder gives the current position of the robot from a starting reference position. Because of the physical limitations on the sonar, including poor angular resolution and poor accuracy, one cannot use sonar information directly for localization. The problem with angular resolution could be overcome by taking the reading at multiple view points. The accuracy problem could be reduced by integrating the sonar values over time. Another problem is specular reflections. A specular environment causes the pulses from the sonar to not return to the emitter, so that the object will be invisible to the sonar. A Bayesian probabilistic map is used in conjunction with a pulse coupled neural network icon of the image to locate the place. The network can handle image variations such as translation, rotation, distortion and scaling invariance, and is developed based on visual cortical processing which is suitable for identifying places. They are capable of image smoothening, image segmentation and object classification.
A Wireless Flexible Wearable Biopotential Acquisition System Utilizing Parylene Based Microneedle Array (2019)

In this paper, we proposed a flexible wearable patch integrating parylene-based microneedle array (MNA) and signal acquisition flexible PCB (FPC) circuit for long-term biopotential monitoring. The MNA can penetrate high-resistance stratum corneum to achieve low-impedance skin-electrode contact. Due to the flexibility of Parylene and polyimide (PI) substrate, the device can contact with soft and curved body surface compactly. Furthermore, the button battery, signal acquisition chip and Bluetooth transceiver were integrated and minimized to a small patch, leading to increased wearability. The system is expected to form a sensing net on the whole body to achieve multichannel biopotential monitoring.
Loyalty Programs for Small and Medium Enterprises (Applied by the World’s Safest Banks) (2011)

With the increasing service quality standards in financial organisations, customer retention tools gain more significance. The banking sector is not an exception in this context as loyalty programmes have become an important tool to retain small and medium enterprises (hereinafter – SMEs) as customers which generate a considerable portion of the bank’s income. It is assumed that the world’s safest banks also have their loyalty programmes in place to retain the SMEs segment, however the unclear extent and characteristics of these programmes presupposes the need for empirical research. First of all, the article elaborates on the concept of loyalty programmes and its typologies, furthermore, it proves the need and importance of bank loyalty programmes to SMEs and after the survey methodology is formed, the magnitude and specificity of the world’s safest banks’ loyalty programmes designed to SMEs are empirically analysed. The accomplished analysis of the national context, types, characteristics and reward parameters of loyalty programmes shows consistent empirical and statistical patterns, which are significant for the marketing science and practice. JEL classification: M 21, M 31. Keywords: bank, loyalty, loyalty programme, marketing, relationship, SMEs.
Time‐resolved fluorescence studies on the dihydrolipoyl transacetylase (E<sub>2</sub>) component of the pyruvate dehydrogenase complex from <i>Azotobacter vinelandii</i> (1988)

The dihydrolipoyl transacetylase (E 2 ) component of A. vinelandii PDC and its lipoyl domain shows similar dynamic properties as revealed with fluorescence anisotropy decay of lipoyl‐bound IAANS. The lipoyl domain (32.6 kDa), containing three almost identical subdomains shows a mode of rotation characteristic for a protein of about 30 kDa. A similar rotation is found in E 2 , indicating an independent rotational mobility of the whole domain in the multimeric E 2 core (1.6MDa). No independent rotation of a single lipoyl subdomain (10 kDa) is observed. The E 1 component, in contrast to the E 3 component, shows interaction with the lipoyl domain.
Adenylate Kinase as a Virulence Factor of<i>Pseudomonas aeruginosa</i> (2001)

Adenylate kinase (AK; ATP:AMP phosphotransferase, EC 2.7.4.3) is a ubiquitous enzyme that contributes to the homeostasis of adenine nucleotides in eukaryotic and prokaryotic cells. AK catalyzes the reversible reaction Mg. ATP + AMP <--> Mg. ADP + ADP. In this study we show that AK secreted by the pathogenic strains of Pseudomonas aeruginosa appears to play an important role in macrophage cell death. We purified and characterized AK from the growth medium of a cystic fibrosis isolate strain of P. aeruginosa 8821 and hyperproduced it as a fusion protein with glutathione S-transferase. We demonstrated enhanced macrophage cell death in the presence of both the secreted and recombinant purified AK and its substrates AMP plus ATP or ADP. These data suggested that AK converts its substrates to a mixture of AMP, ADP, and ATP, which are potentially more cytotoxic than ATP alone. In addition, we observed increased macrophage killing in the presence of AK and ATP alone. Since the presence of ATPase activity on the macrophages was confirmed in the present work, external macrophage-effluxed ATP is converted to ADP, which in turn can be transformed by AK into a cytotoxic mixture of three adenine nucleotides. Evidence is presented in this study that secreted AK was detected in macrophages during infection with P. aeruginosa. Thus, the possible role of secreted AK as a virulence factor is in producing and keeping an intact pool of toxic mixtures of AMP, ADP, and ATP, which allows P. aeruginosa to exert its full virulence.
ATTRIBUTE-BASED DESIGN DESCRIPTION SYSTEM IN DESIGN FOR MANUFACTURABILITY AND ASSEMBLY (2001)

Present computer-aided design (CAD) systems, intentionally developed as detail oriented designing tools, do not fully support the activities at the early stage of product development. CAD systems, which require a detailed level of design, prohibit the creative and free expression of a design idea. The solution to the limitations of present CAD systems is to fully utilize the graphical ability of current computer systems to represent a design with an easily understood design description in the conceptual design stage. We have developed a computerized product development tool to support designing activities in the conceptual design phase. The attribute-based design description system (ADDS) is a feature-based system that incorporates life-cycle engineering analysis and solid modeling to form an integrated CAD system. It provides a simple design representation interface and assembly modeling, evaluates the design for life-cycle engineering issues, and exports the design to AutoCAD as a solid model with flexible information input requirements. The research thus provides a starting point to the development of CAD systems that support productivity in the conceptual design stage. ADDS has been validated by describing three different design examples of power transmission systems in ADDS and exporting them to AutoCAD. This paper examines the benefits of applying a specification driven approach and presents a framework for environments that can support the related design activities. The Design Analysis and Simulation Environment (DASE) based upon this framework has been successfully implemented through a joint initiative between Bell Canada and McGill University.
A 5.4-Gbit/s Adaptive Continuous-Time Linear Equalizer Using Asynchronous Undersampling Histograms (2012)

We demonstrate a new type of adaptive continuous-time linear equalizer (CTLE) based on asynchronous undersampling histograms. Our CTLE automatically selects the optimal equalizing filter coefficient among several predetermined values by searching for the coefficient that produces the largest peak value in histograms obtained with asynchronous undersampling. This scheme is simple and robust and does not require clock synchronization for its operation. A prototype chip realized in 0.13-μm CMOS technology successfully achieves equalization for 5.4-Gbit/s 2 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">31</sup> - 1 pseudorandom bit sequence data through 40-, 80-, and 120-cm PCB traces and 3-m DisplayPort cable. In addition, we present the results of statistical analysis with which we verify the reliability of our scheme for various sample sizes. The results of this analysis are confirmed with experimental data.
An Approach to Measure the Performance Impact of Dynamic Voltage Fluctuations Using Static Timing Analysis (2009)

Design closure for predictable silicon performance is emerging as the most challenging digital VLSI design problem in advanced deep-submicron technology nodes. One of the significant problems is effective power-grid distribution,and the comprehension of the impact of voltage drops in the power grid on design timing and performance. This paper proposes a way by which the complex interactions between timing and dynamic power drops can be comprehended without being significantly pessimistic, while also not losing out on accuracy. We highlight the heuristics that we have used in this regard to reduce the complexity of the timing analysis, and to reduce the overall computation time. The overall method uses conventional analysis approaches for dynamic voltage-drop and timing. This method proposes options for comprehending effects of dynamic voltage drops during traditional design-closure methods and also highlights means of validating any assumptions made. Comparison results between performance degradation due to voltage drop assumptions and the traditional margin based approaches show significant reduction in the pessimism and these are presented in this paper.
Endothelial cell-associated platelet-activating factor: a novel mechanism for signaling intercellular adhesion. (1990)

The binding of neutrophils (polymorphonuclear leukocytes [PMNs]) to endothelial cells (ECs) presents special requirements in the regulation of intercellular adhesion. ECs that are stimulated by certain agonists, including thrombin and cytokines (tumor necrosis factor alpha, interleukin-1), generate molecular signals that induce the adhesion of PMNs (endothelial cell-dependent neutrophil adhesion). Our experiments demonstrate that the mechanism of binding induced by thrombin is distinct from that induced by the cytokines based on the time courses, the requirement for protein synthesis, and differential binding of HL60 promyelocytic leukemia cells to ECs activated by the two classes of agonists. The rapid EC-dependent PMN adhesion (initiated in minutes) that occurs when the ECs are stimulated by thrombin is temporally coupled with the accumulation of platelet-activating factor, a biologically active phosphoglyceride that remains associated with ECs and that activates PMNs by binding to a cell surface receptor. A portion of the newly synthesized platelet-activating factor (PAF) is on the EC surface, as demonstrated by experiments in which the rate of hydrolysis of PAF synthesized by activated ECs was accelerated by extracellular PAF acetylhydrolase. When ECs were treated with exogenous PAF they became adhesive for PMNs; the PMN binding was prevented by incubating the ECs with PAF acetylhydrolase or by treating the PMNs with competitive PAF receptor antagonists. Thus PAF associated with the EC plasma membrane induces PMN binding, an observation supported by experiments in which PAF in model membranes (liposomes) stimulated rapid PMN adhesion to ECs and to cell-free surfaces. In addition, competitive antagonists of the PAF receptor inhibited the binding of PMNs to ECs activated by thrombin and other rapidly acting agonists, but not to ECs activated by tumor necrosis factor alpha, indicating that PAF that is endogenously synthesized by ECs can mediate neutrophil adhesion. These experiments demonstrate a novel mechanism by which a cell-associated phospholipid, PAF, can serve as a signal for an intercellular adhesive event.
A Mutant <scp>D</scp>‐Fructose‐6‐Phosphate Aldolase (Ala129Ser) with Improved Affinity towards Dihydroxyacetone for the Synthesis of Polyhydroxylated Compounds (2010)

Abstract A mutant of D ‐fructose‐6‐phosphate aldolase (FSA) of Escherichia coli , FSA A129S, with improved catalytic efficiency towards dihydroxyacetone (DHA), the donor substrate in aldol addition reactions, was explored for synthetic applications. The k cat / K M value for DHA was 17‐fold higher with FSA A129S than that with FSA wild type (FSA wt ). On the other hand, for hydroxyacetone as donor substrate FSA A129S was found to be 3.5‐fold less efficient than FSA wt . Furthermore, FSA A129S also accepted glycolaldehyde (GA) as donor substrate with 3.3‐fold lower affinity than FSA wt . This differential selectivity of both FSA wt and FSA A129S for GA makes them complementary biocatalysts allowing a control over donor and acceptor roles, which is particularly useful in carboligation multi‐step cascade synthesis of polyhydroxylated complex compounds. Production of the mutant protein was also improved for its convenient use in synthesis. Several carbohydrates and nitrocyclitols were efficiently prepared, demonstrating the versatile potential of FSA A129S as biocatalyst in organic synthesis.
Genetically engineered hepatocytes as a capable application for in vitro liver cell systems (2014)

The use of primary human hepatocytes (PHH) in biomedical research is still considered as the gold standard. Their application possibilities encompass identifications of pathophysiological alterations and new biochemical pathways in liver diseases, e.g. steatosis. The main problems are the limited availability of liver tissue and donor variability. Therefore the development of alternative liver models has gained a lot of interest in recent years. Beside hepatic cell lines and stem cell derived hepatocyte like cells, genetically engineered cells have become a new promising approach. Aim of the present study was the characterization of a genetically engineered hepatocyte culture in comparison to conventional liver model systems.
Lateral Control Law Design for Helicopter Using Radial Basis Function Neural Network (2007)

As fixed-parameter control can not satisfy control requirements when helicopter is aviating in large scale flight envelop, this paper proposes a new control law design to adjust parameters on-line. Firstly a parameter-mapping approach is developed to design flight control parameters at certain flight conditions according to the desired system performance. Then parameters obtained at given conditions are used to train Radial Basis Function Neural Network (RBFNN). Thus RBFNN can generalize the given flight conditions information and output appropriate control parameters which will meet control requirements for any current flight condition within the given flight envelop. Simulation results indicate this control law design is feasible and effective.