gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Tuberculin Response in Infants Six Months after an Intradermal Bacille Calmette-Guérin Vaccination (2007)

Background and Purpose: We evaluated the effectiveness of a bacille Calmette-Guerin (BCG) vaccination in term infants by looking at the following criteria: (1) the percentage of infants with scarring; (2) the percentage of infants experiencing tuberculin conversion 6 months after the vaccination; and (3) the number of complications from the vaccination. Materials and Methods: From May to October 2001, healthy full-term infants born at our hospital whose parents provided informed consent were enrolled. They received a BCG vaccination within 48 h of birth, and the vaccination site was examined when the infants were 1, 4, 8, 12, and 24weeks old. They were given a purified protein derivative (PPD) skin test at 6 months old, and the reaction was checked 48~72h later. Results: In total, 150 term infants were enrolled, among which 109 infants completed the course. The PPD test was positive (induration ≥5mm) in 75 (68.2%) of the infants. One infant had no visible BCG vaccination lesion, but the PPD skin test was positive. There was no correlation between the rate of scarring and tuberculin conversion in these infants. There was a significant correlation between sterile abscess formation and tuberculin conversion. Conclusions: Although the tuberculin response after the BCG vaccination could not be predicted by scar formation, it was correlated with abscess formation.
Extinction of Radiation in Sterically Interacting Systems of Monodisperse Spheres. Part 2: Experimental results (1995)

Abstract The Bouguer‐Lambert‐Beer law (BLBL), commonly used to describe the extinction of radiation in disperse systems, is known to be valid in the limit of low concentrations only. In Part [1] it was shown that steric particle‐particle interactions lead to important effects in the range of high particle concentration and two versions of a more general extinction equation including steric interactions were derived for the regimes of fraunhofer diffraction and ray propagation in this part experimental evidence for the effects of steric interactions on the extinction of radiation in suspensions of monodisperse spherical particles is given. Various experiments on light extinction and on ultrasonic extinction are combined to cover a broad range of particle size parameters, mechanisms of particle‐wave interaction and receiver apertures.
Products and implied mechanism of H chain switch recombination. (1989)

The Ig H chain switch is a DNA recombination event. The recombination occurs between two or more switch regions, areas of tandem sequence duplication that lie upstream of the corresponding H chain C region genes. We have determined the DNA sequence at four recombination sites in three molecularly cloned, rearranged switch regions. All eight donor and recipient recombination sites are at the common pentamers GGGGT, GAGCT, and GGTGG. One of the switch recombination events is an inversion of S gamma 3 sequences. Another of the recombinational events is an internal S gamma 1 deletion, which may be switch enzyme mediated. These results, together with other switch recombination site sequences, suggest that switch recombination is mediated by cutting enzymes with modest specificity and religation enzymes with no specificity.
Inhibition of atrial natriuretic peptide-induced cGMP accumulation by purinergic agonists in FRTL-5 thyroid cells. Involvement of both pertussis toxin-sensitive and insensitive mechanisms. (1990)

Extracellular ATP, N6-(L-2-phenylisopropyl)adenosine (PIA) and other purinergic agonists inhibited atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP)-induced cGMP accumulation in FRTL-5 thyroid cells. These agonists were functionally classified into three groups. Group 1 agonists represented by ATP inhibited the ANP action in association with phospholipase C activation in a partially islet-activating protein (IAP, pertussis toxin)-sensitive manner. Group 2 including GTP and 8-bromoadenosine 5'-triphosphate acted similarly to Group 1 except for total insensitivity of the former to IAP. The IAP-insensitive portion of Group 1 actions and the actions of Group 2 as well as of A23187, a Ca2+ ionophore which mimicked the Group 2 agonist actions, were almost completely inhibited by phosphodiesterase inhibitors such as M & B 22948 (2-O-propoxyphenyl-8-azapurin-6-one) and 3-isobutyl-1-methylxanthine. Group 3 including PIA and AMP did not affect phospholipase C, but inhibited the ANP performance in an IAP-sensitive fashion. This action of Group 3 and the IAP-sensitive portion of Group 1 actions were insensitive to the phosphodiesterase inhibitors. We conclude that ATP and other Group 1 agonists attenuated the ANP-induced cGMP accumulation by at least two mechanisms: 1) stimulation of cGMP hydrolysis via a phospholipase C-Ca2(+)-phosphodiesterase system and 2) inhibition of cGMP generation, probably by an IAP-sensitive G-protein-mediated inactivation of the ANP-receptor-coupled guanylate cyclase. Group 2 agonists stimulate only the first mechanisms, whereas Group 3 agonists prefer the second one.
Enantioselective, convergent synthesis of the ineleganolide core by a tandem annulation cascade (2016)

An enantioselective and diastereoselective approach toward the synthesis of the polycyclic norditerpenoid ineleganolide is disclosed. A palladium-catalyzed enantioselective allylic alkylation is employed to stereoselectively construct the requisite chiral tertiary ether and facilitate the synthesis of a 1,3-<i>cis</i>-cyclopentenediol building block. Careful substrate design enabled the convergent assembly of the ineleganolide [6,7,5,5]-tetracyclic scaffold by a diastereoselective cyclopropanation-Cope rearrangement cascade under unusually mild conditions. Computational evaluation of ground state energies of late-stage synthetic intermediates was used to guide synthetic development and aid in the investigation of the conformational rigidity of these highly constrained and compact polycyclic structures. This work represents the first successful synthesis of the core structure of any member of the polycyclic norcembranoid diterpene family of natural products. Advanced synthetic manipulations generated a series of natural product-like compounds that were shown to possess selective secretory antagonism of either interleukin-5 or interleukin-17. This bioactivity stands in contrast to the known antileukemic activity of ineleganolide and suggests the norcembranoid natural product core may serve as a useful scaffold for the development of diverse therapeutics.
Association Between Muscular Strength And Mortality (allcause And Cardiovascular Disease) In Men (2008)

PURPOSE: To examine the prospective association of muscular strength with mortality from all-causes and cardiovascular disease (CVD) in men. METHODS: Participants were 8,762 men (mean±SD, age 42±9 years; BMI 26±3 kg/m2) free of known CVD and cancer and who received a preventive medical examination at The Cooper Clinic, Dallas, TX between 1980 and 1989 during which they completed muscular strength and CRF testing. Muscular strength was quantified by combining 1-repetition maximal measures for leg and bench presses per body weight, and was further categorized as age-specific thirds of the combined strength variable. CRF was assessed by a maximal treadmill exercise test, and was categorized as age-specific thirds of maximal test duration. Mortality surveillance was completed through December 31, 2003. Hazard ratios and 95% confidence intervals were computed with Cox regression analysis. RESULTS: During an average follow-up of 18.8±2.9 years, there were 503 deaths (145 CVD). Age-adjusted rates (per 10,000 man-years) for all-cause death were 38.9 (referent), 25.9, and 26.6, and for CVD death 12.1 (referent), 7.6, and 6.6 across incremental thirds of muscular strength (all P for trend <0.01). After adjusting for age, smoking, body mass index, baseline medical condition, and family history of CVD, hazard ratios (95% CI) for all-cause deaths were 1.0 (referent), 0.72 (0.58-0.89), and 0.77 (0.62-0.96), and for CVD deaths were 1.0 (referent), 0.73 (0.50-1.09), and 0.70 (0.46-1.06), all linear trends P<0.05. The pattern of the associations between muscular strength and all-cause deaths were not materially changed after further adjustment for CRF, whereas, the association between muscular strength and CVD death was attenuated after adjusting for all the confounders including CRF (P=0.22). CONCLUSIONS: Muscular strength is inversely and independently associated with allcause mortality in men, even after controlling for CRF and other potential confounders. These findings underscore the benefits of having greater muscular strength and warrant further research to confirm the combined protective effects of strength and CRF. NIH Grants AG06945 and HL62508; Ministerio de Educación y Ciencia grant AP2003-2128 and EU DG Sanco ALPHA grant 2006120 (JRR); AHA pre-doctoral fellowship and ACSM Paffenbarger-Blair (FL).
Crystal Structure of a Human IκB Kinase β Asymmetric Dimer (2013)

Phosphorylation of inhibitor of nuclear transcription factor κB (IκB) by IκB kinase (IKK) triggers the degradation of IκB and migration of cytoplasmic κB to the nucleus where it promotes the transcription of its target genes. Activation of IKK is achieved by phosphorylation of its main subunit, IKKβ, at the activation loop sites. Here, we report the 2.8 Å resolution crystal structure of human IKKβ (hIKKβ), which is partially phosphorylated and bound to the staurosporine analog K252a. The hIKKβ protomer adopts a trimodular structure that closely resembles that from Xenopus laevis (xIKKβ): an N-terminal kinase domain (KD), a central ubiquitin-like domain (ULD), and a C-terminal scaffold/dimerization domain (SDD). Although hIKKβ and xIKKβ utilize a similar dimerization mode, their overall geometries are distinct. In contrast to the structure resembling closed shears reported previously for xIKKβ, hIKKβ exists as an open asymmetric dimer in which the two KDs are further apart, with one in an active and the other in an inactive conformation. Dimer interactions are limited to the C-terminal six-helix bundle that acts as a hinge between the two subunits. The observed domain movements in the structures of IKKβ may represent trans-phosphorylation steps that accompany IKKβ activation.
Process issues with Mo∕a-Si:H Schottky diode and thin film transistors integration for direct x-ray detection (2004)

This article presents an alternate strategy to reduce mechanical stress issues pertinent to the process integration of molybdenum/hydrogenated amorphous silicon (Mo∕a-Si:H) Schottky diodes and thin film transistors (TFTs), used as x-ray sensor pixels for medical imaging. The previous approach was to minimize the intrinsic stress in the Mo layer through appropriate process conditions and film thickness. However, that approach resulted in narrow process latitude and compromised x-ray sensitivity. Alternatively, the mechanical stress in the Mo can be reduced by reducing and/or avoiding the extrinsic stress exerted on the Mo by the underlying films through a different masking sequence in the fabrication. This modified process allows for a more flexible design of the Mo layer for enhanced x-ray sensitivity, while maintaining the mechanical integrity of the various layers. Also, the performance of the Schottky diode is improved in terms of its forward current. The x-ray sensitivity has been measured at different x-ray spectra in the range of 40–100kVp. The pixel shows good linearity with x-ray dosage and high detection efficiency at low x-ray tube voltages.
Frequency demultiplexing in GaAs EAP waveguide detectors (1978)

Get PDF Email Share Share with Facebook Tweet This Post on reddit Share with LinkedIn Add to CiteULike Add to Mendeley Add to BibSonomy Get Citation Copy Citation Text M. J. Sun, W. S. C. Chang, and C. M. Wolfe, "Frequency demultiplexing in GaAs EAP waveguide detectors," Appl. Opt. 17, 3533-3534 (1978) Export Citation BibTex Endnote (RIS) HTML Plain Text Citation alert Save article
SakuraSensor (2015)

In this paper, we propose SakuraSensor, a participatory sensing system which automatically extracts scenic routes information from videos recorded by car-mounted smart-phones and shares the information among users in quasirealtime. As scenic routes information, we target flowering cherries along roads since the best period of flowering cherries is rather short and uncertain from year to year and from place to place. To realize SakuraSensor, we face two technical challenges: (1) how to accurately detect flowering cherries and its degree, and (2) how to efficiently find good places of flowering cherries (PoIs) using the participatory sensing technique. For the first challenge, we develop an image analysis method for detecting image pixels that belong to flowering cherries. To exclude artificial objects with similar color to flowering cherries, we also employ fractal dimension analysis to filter out unnecessary image areas. For the second challenge, we propose a method called k-stage sensing. In this method, the interval for sensing (taking a still image and applying the image analysis) by each car is dynamically shortened so that the roads near the already found PoIs are more densely sensed. We implemented SakuraSensor consisting of client-side software for iOS devices and server-side software for a cloud server and conducted experiments to travel cherry-lined roads and record videos by several cars. As a result, we confirmed that our method can identify flowering cherries at about 74 % precision and 84 % recall. We also confirmed that our k-stage sensing method could achieve the comparable PoI detection rate with half sensing times compared to a conventional method.
Polyamine measurements in the uterine cervix (1997)

Cervical cancer remains a significant health problem. New strategies based on the molecular aspects of cervical carcinogenesis are needed. Chemoprevention represents a novel strategy for cervical cancer prevention. Our group plans phase I and II trials using alpha-difluoromethylornithine, a suicide inhibitor of ornithine decarboxylase and potent antiproliferative chemopreventive agent. We conducted a study to identify which polyamines in tissue could best serve as surrogate endpoint biomarkers for future trials. Thirty patients with biopsy-proven cervical intraepithelial neoplasia grade 3 underwent colposcopically directed biopsies of normal and abnormal areas of the uterine cervix for analysis of polyamine synthesis biomarkers. Statistically significant differences were found in the ornithine decarboxylase value and the spermidine:spermine ratio between normal and abnormal areas of the cervix. In general, the ranges in measurements varied widely. Differences in polyamine synthesis biomarkers between colposcopically normal and abnormal areas can be demonstrated. However, studies using polyamine synthesis biomarkers in the cervix would require large numbers of patients to achieve significance.
Mechanistic Studies of the Reduction of Nitroarenes by NaBH<sub>4</sub> or Hydrosilanes Catalyzed by Supported Gold Nanoparticles (2014)

Herein, we show that mesoporous titania-supported gold nanoparticle assemblies (Au/MTA) catalyze the activation of NaBH4 and 1,1,3,3-tetramethyl disiloxane (TMDS) compounds, which act as transfer hydrogenation agents for the reduction of nitroarenes to the corresponding anilines in moderate to high yields. On the other hand, nitroalkanes are reduced to the corresponding diazo and hydrazo compounds under the studied conditions. The substantial measured primary kinetic isotope effects found here suggested that B–H bond cleavage occurs in a rate-determining step and [Au]–H active hybrids are formed, which are responsible for the reduction of nitroarenes to the corresponding amines. Formal Hammett-type kinetic analysis of a range of para-X-substituted nitroarenes lends support to this hypothesis. Nitro compounds substituted with electron-withdrawing groups were reduced faster than the corresponding compounds with electron-donating groups. The presence of water enhanced the catalytic activity of Au/MTA in aprotic solvents. Nuclear magnetic resonance studies support the formation of the corresponding hydroxylamines as the only intermediate products. On the basis of the high observed chemoselectivities and the fast and clean reaction processes, these catalytic systems, i.e., Au/MTA-NaBH4 and Au/MTA-TMDS, show promise for the efficient synthesis of aromatic amines at industrial levels.
On the mechanism of electrochemical ammonia synthesis on the Ru catalyst (2016)

We theoretically investigate the electrochemical N2 reduction reaction (NRR) mechanism to produce NH3 on the Ru catalyst. All possible N-N dissociation steps during the reduction processes were evaluated along with the conventional associative and dissociative pathways. Based on the calculated free energy diagrams, it is revealed that the kinetically facile intermediate dissociative pathways during the NRR require a thermodynamic limiting potential (-0.71 V) similar to the associative pathway (-0.68 V), although the initial dissociative pathway as in the Haber-Bosch process has a substantial kinetic barrier for the N-N bond dissociation. The competitive hydrogen evolution is found to be a major hurdle for achieving a high efficiency for the electrochemical nitrogen reduction. In the low overpotential region, the hydrogen adsorption is thermodynamically more favorable than the protonation of N2, thereby reducing the number of active sites for the N2 activation. A comparison of free energies in the presence of different H-coverages on the Ru further demonstrates that the H-coverage can significantly increase the energy barrier for the first protonation of N2, resulting in a change of the potential determining step and an increase in the overpotentials.
The Impact of Harvest Center on Quality of Marrows Collected from Unrelated Donors (1994)

The total number and distribution of nucleated cells in harvested bone marrow are potentially important determinants of patient outcome following bone marrow transplantation. In order to assess whether marrows collected from predominantly unrelated donors at Georgetown University Medical Center (GUMC) were different in cellular content from marrows collected at harvest centers outside of GUMC, we compared the nucleated cell counts and mononuclear cell subset distribution (CD34, CD3, CD4, CD8, CD19 antigen-positive cell content) of 10 consecutive marrows harvested at GUMC to 10 unrelated donor marrows from outside harvest centers. Significantly higher nucleated cell counts and CD34 antigen-positive cell content and significantly lower CD3 and CD4 antigen-positive T-cell numbers were demonstrated among the marrows harvested at GUMC. These results confirmed significant variability in marrow collection practices between GUMC and 10 different outside harvest centers and suggest that strict adherence to a specific collection procedure, involving small volume marrow aspirations and multiple puncture sites, results in a product with a high number of early hematopoietic progenitor cells and minimal contamination by peripheral blood. These data further suggest the need for careful monitoring of individual unrelated donor marrow collection centers' practices to optimize the quality of the harvested marrow.
Polymers containing ring-strain energy. 1. New monomers and polymers based on cyclopropane, norbornadiene, and quadricyclane (1993)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTPolymers containing ring-strain energy. 1. New monomers and polymers based on cyclopropane, norbornadiene, and quadricyclaneMichael E. Wright, Gary D. Allred, Robert B. Wardle, and Louis F. CannizzoCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1993, 58, 15, 4122–4126Publication Date (Print):July 1, 1993Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 July 1993https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo00067a055https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00067a055research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views465Altmetric-Citations29LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
A tandem quadrupole/time-of-flight instrument for mass spectrometry/mass spectrometry (1984)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTA tandem quadrupole/time-of-flight instrument for mass spectrometry/mass spectrometryGary L. Glish and Douglas E. GoeringerCite this: Anal. Chem. 1984, 56, 13, 2291–2295Publication Date (Print):November 1, 1984Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 November 1984https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ac00277a007https://doi.org/10.1021/ac00277a007research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views435Altmetric-Citations40LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Comparative Evaluation of in Silico pK<sub>a</sub> Prediction Tools on the Gold Standard Dataset (2009)

Abstract The predictive performance of five different p K a prediction tools (ACDpKa, Epik, Marvin pKa, Pallas pKa, and VCCpKa) was investigated on the 248‐membered Gold Standard dataset. We found VCC as the most predictive, high throughput p K a predictor. However since VCC calculates p K a for the most acidic or basic group only we concluded that ACD and Marvin are in fact the method of choice for medicinal chemistry applications. Analyzing the common outliers we identified guanidines, enolic hydroxyl groups and weak acidic NHs as most problematic moieties from prediction point of view. Our results obtained on the high quality, homogenous Gold Standard dataset could be useful for end‐users selecting a suitable solution for p K a prediction.
Collagen Matrix (DuraGen) in Dural Repair: Analysis of a New Modified Technique (2004)

Collagen matrix was successful in cerebrospinal fluid containment in > 95% of patients requiring dural repair following anterior and posterior spinal surgery. Subfascial drains were safe. Routine lumbar drains are not required but are recommended for repair of established pseudomeningocele formations.