gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A 12-b, lOOns/b, 1.9mw SWITCHED-CURRENT CYCLIC AD CONVERTER (1998)

This paper presents a high-speed, high-resolution, and low-power CMOS switched-current cyclic Analog-todigital converter (ADC). The high performance is attributed to the use of the following components: (I) a highperformance residual amplifier which takes two clock cycles to double a current; and (2) an efficient Cyclic RSD algorithm which provides 1.5b resolution without using two matched reference currents. Simulation results show that the developed ADC achieves 12-bit resolution, a conversion rate of 1OOns per bit, and a power consumption of 1.9mW, where the low-cost MOSIS SCAN20 2pm CMOS process and 3.3V supply voltage are employed.
Improved cholesterol phenotype analysis by a model relating lipoprotein life cycle processes to particle size (2009)

Increased plasma cholesterol is a known risk factor for cardiovascular disease. Lipoprotein particles transport both cholesterol and triglycerides through the blood. It is thought that the size distribution of these particles codetermines cardiovascular disease risk. New types of measurements can determine the concentration of many lipoprotein size-classes but exactly how each small class relates to disease risk is difficult to clear up. Because relating physiological process status to disease risk seems promising, we propose investigating how lipoprotein production, lipolysis, and uptake processes depend on particle size. To do this, we introduced a novel model framework (Particle Profiler) and evaluated its feasibility. The framework was tested using existing stable isotope flux data. The model framework implementation we present here reproduced the flux data and derived lipoprotein size pattern changes that corresponded to measured changes. It also sensitively indicated changes in lipoprotein metabolism between patient groups that are biologically plausible. Finally, the model was able to reproduce the cholesterol and triglyceride phenotype of known genetic diseases like familial hypercholesterolemia and familial hyperchylomicronemia. In the future, Particle Profiler can be applied for analyzing detailed lipoprotein size profile data and deriving rates of various lipolysis and uptake processes if an independent production estimate is given.
Improvements to the system of four equiradial coils for producing a uniform magnetic field (1983)

The positions of four equiradial circular coils, arranged coaxially to generate a maximum volume of uniform magnetic field, were found to depend on the level of uniformity required. Dimensions of four new coil arrangements are given that allow a current (turns) ratio of 9/4, and that produce larger working volumes, for field variations in the range 10-3 to 10-6, than the original system due to Barker (1949).
Discovery of AMG 369, a Thiazolo[5,4-<i>b</i>]pyridine Agonist of S1P<sub>1</sub> and S1P<sub>5</sub> (2010)

The optimization of a series of thiazolopyridine S1P1 agonists with limited activity at the S1P3 receptor is reported. These efforts resulted in the discovery of 1-(3-fluoro-4-(5-(1-phenylcyclopropyl)thiazolo-[5,4-b]pyridin-2-yl)benzyl)azetidine-3-carboxylic acid (5d, AMG 369), a potent dual S1P1/S1P5 agonist with limited activity at S1P3 and no activity at S1P2/S1P4. Dosed orally at 0.1 mg/kg, 5d is shown to reduce blood lymphocyte counts 24 h postdose and delay the onset and reduce the severity of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis in rat.
Functional Assessment of Skeletal Muscle Regeneration Utilizing Homologous Extracellular Matrix as Scaffolding (2009)

The loss of a portion of skeletal muscle poses a unique challenge for the normal regeneration of muscle tissue. A transection injury with tissue loss will not heal due to the gap between muscle segments. A damage model was developed by removing a portion of the lateral gastrocnemius (GAS) of Sprague-Dawley rats. Maximal isometric, tetanic tension (P(o)) was measured after the removal of either a small defect (0.5 x 1.0 cm) or a large defect (1.0 x 1.0 cm) piece of the GAS. In situ P(o) immediately after creation of the defect was 88.3 +/- 2.0% of the nonoperated contralateral GAS force for small defect and 76.9 +/- 3.2% of control for large defect. No functional recovery occurred in either group over the course of 28 days. To enhance recovery, a homologous, decellularized, muscle extracellular matrix (ECM) was implanted into the 1 x 1 cm defect of the lateral GAS of Lewis rats. After 42 days, growth of blood vessels and myofibers into the ECM was apparent, but no restoration of P(o) occurred. These data demonstrate the ability of the ECM to support muscle and blood vessel regeneration, but full recovery of function does not occur after 42 days.
An Overview of the Latest Graphene‐Based Sensors for Glucose Detection: the Effects of Graphene Defects (2015)

Abstract In this review, we analyze several types of graphene‐based sensors for glucose detection with respect to their preparation, properties and efficiency in electrochemical processes. Graphene may display different types of defects, which play a role in the electron transfer processes. Oxygenated groups on the edges of graphene planes reduce the graphene in‐plane conductivity, but may enhance the heterogeneous electron/proton transfer constant. Other positive effects of defects are related to the shortening of the distance between active centers and electrodes upon enzyme or protein immobilization. However, though by different mechanisms, all types of graphene enhance the electrochemical response at the electrode.
Carbon-carbon bond formation in the reductive coupling of ketones by the doubly bonded ditungsten(IV) alkoxides W2Cl4(.mu.-OR)2(OR)2(ROH)2 (1984)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTCarbon-carbon bond formation in the reductive coupling of ketones by the doubly bonded ditungsten(IV) alkoxides W2Cl4(.mu.-OR)2(OR)2(ROH)2Lori Beth Anderson, F. Albert Cotton, David DeMarco, Larry R. Falvello, Stephen M. Tetrick, and Richard A. WaltonCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1984, 106, 17, 4743–4749Publication Date (Print):August 1, 1984Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 August 1984https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00329a017https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00329a017research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views88Altmetric-Citations11LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (1)»Supporting Information Supporting Information Get e-Alerts
Quality Assurance for Irradiation Tests of Optical Fibers: Uncertainty and Reproducibility (2009)

Uncertainty and reproducibility of irradiation tests of optical fibers are discussed. Estimated uncertainties are compared with consecutive measurements done over more than one year with five different single mode fibers.
Modulation of AraC family member activity by protein ligands (2004)

A number of AraC family transcriptional activators bind low-molecular-weight ligands that modulate the activity of these proteins. Recently, it has become clear that the activity of several virulence-related AraC family members is regulated through the direct interaction of protein ligands. These interactions, in general, function to activate or repress the transcription of virulence genes in response to specific extracellular stimuli. The identification and characterization of several protein ligands that modify the activity of AraC family members in Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Salmonella enterica are discussed herein.
Optical Fibers: The Neurons For Future Intelligent Wells (2012)

Abstract Fiber-optic distributed sensing is known in the oil and gas industry as an enabler for permanent temperature profiling along entire well paths. This application is limited to recovery processes with a pronounced thermal signature. Currently, we witness a confluence of novel fiber-optic technologies promising a much wider and more complete range of subsurface measurements. This opens new avenues in well and reservoir surveillance and highlights the opportunity for fiber-optic sensing to become a pervasive oilfield technology. In this paper we discuss field trials that combine Distributed Temperature Sensing (DTS), Distributed Strain Sensing (DSS) and Distributed Acoustic Sensing (DAS). These trials demonstrate the potential of fiber-optic sensing technology for well integrity monitoring, gas lift optimization, in-flow profiling and downhole seismic acquisition. Essential to realizing this potential is the development of cost-effective, easy-to-deploy fiber-optic cables optimized for these combinations of fiber-optic measurements. We also highlight the business integration challenge of handling, storing, and interpreting data volumes that reach levels of 1 TB/well/day. We conclude that while significant technology challenges remain, with a broad range of oilfield technology providers working on derisking fiber-optic sensing technologies, the industry is on the verge of a step change in well and reservoir monitoring capability.
Random and block styrenic copolymers bearing both ammonium and fluorinated side‐groups (2011)

Abstract 1H,1H,2H,2H ‐Perfluorooctyloxymethylstyrene (FS) was prepared and copolymerized with chloromethylstyrene (CMS). Conventional radical copolymerization of both these aromatic monomers led to poly(CMS‐ co ‐FS) random copolymers for which CMS was shown to be more reactive than the fluorinated comonomer. Their controlled radical copolymerization based on degenerative transfer, namely iodine transfer polymerization (ITP), led to various poly(CMS)‐ b ‐poly(FS) block copolymers. Molecular weights of poly(CMS‐ co ‐FS) copolymers reached 33,000 g mol −1 while those of poly(CMS)‐ b ‐ poly(FS) block copolymers were 22,000 g mol −1 . Their composition ranged from 18 to 61 mol.% in FS. These copolymers were modified via a cationization step, aiming at replacing the chlorine atom in CMS unit by a trimethylammonium group, leading to the formation of cationic sites. The resulting functionalized copolymers exhibited different solubilities. If both copolymerization techniques led to water‐insoluble copolymers, the block architecture enabled incorporating lower FS proportion, resulting in more cationic sites. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem, 2011
Melanophilin, a novel aldosterone-induced gene in mouse cortical collecting duct cells (2007)

The molecular mechanisms of aldosterone-regulated Na+ transport are not entirely clear. The goal of this study was to identify aldosterone-induced genes potentially involved in the trafficking of the epithelial Na+ channel (ENaC). We report that the transcript levels of melanophilin (MLPH), a protein involved in vesicular trafficking in melanocytes, are rapidly increased by aldosterone in cortical collecting duct (CCD) cells. This effect was near maximal at physiological aldosterone concentrations, indicating that it is mediated by the mineralocorticoid receptor. De novo protein synthesis is not required for the induction of MLPH mRNA by aldosterone. To determine whether this induction has functional consequences on transepithelial Na+ current, we generated clonal CCD cell lines that express a tetracycline-inducible MLPH. Induction of MLPH in these cells led to a relatively modest, but statistically significant, increase in amiloride-sensitive Na+ current, suggesting the MLPH may be involved in ENaC trafficking. MyosinVc, the epithelial-specific class V myosin that is highly homologous to MyosinVa, another component of the melanosome trafficking complex, has putative consensus sites for serum and glucocorticoid-induced kinase 1 (SGK1), an early aldosterone-induced kinase that mediates some of aldosterone's effects on Na+ transport. Our results indicate that MyosinVc is phosphorylated by endogenous SGK1, suggesting that this complex may be involved in the aldosterone-regulated trafficking of ENaC in the CCD. These results suggest potential mechanisms by which aldosterone may regulate Na+ transport both directly, by increasing the abundance of MLPH, and indirectly by increasing the transcription of SGK1, which in turn regulates the activity of MyosinVc.
Extrinsic photoconductivity in chemical vapor deposition diamond (1991)

Photoconductivity in the visible region has been studied in diamond films (DF) grown by the chemical vapor deposition process. It was found that the photocurrent increased linearly with the external bias voltage within the experimental range (30 V). Moreover, by exposing both boron-doped and undoped DF samples in air mass 1 (AM1) condition, the photocurrent produced by the former was approximately an order higher than that by the latter.
Exploitation of oil shale at Rohrbach cement plant (1987)

A brief description is given of a cement works in the Federal Republic of Germany which utilizes oil shale both as a component in current making and also as a fuel for the cement work's own power station. The mobile crushing plant to extract the shale following blasting is described. Finally the advantages of oil shale currents are outlined.
Object Recognition Based Interpolation With 3D LIDAR and Vision for Autonomous Driving of an Intelligent Vehicle (2020)

An algorithm has been developed for fusing 3D LIDAR (Light Detection and Ranging) systems that receive objects detected in deep learning-based image sensors and object data in the form of 3D point clouds. 3D LIDAR represents 3D point data in a planar rectangular coordinate system with a 360° representation of the detected object surface, including the front face. However, only the direction and distance data of the object can be obtained, and point cloud data cannot be used to create a specific definition of the object. Therefore, only the movement of the point cloud data can be tracked using probability and classification algorithms based on image processing. To overcome this limitation, the study matches 3D LIDAR data with 2D image data through the fusion of hybrid level multi-sensors. First, because 3D LIDAR data represents all objects in the sensor's detection range as dots, all unnecessary data, including ground data, is filtered out. The 3D Random Sample Consensus (RANSAC) algorithm enables the extraction of ground data perpendicular to the reference estimation 3D plane and data at both ends through ground estimation. Classified environmental data facilitates the labeling of all objects within the viewing angle of 3D LIDAR based on the presence or absence of movement. The path of motion of the platform can be established by detecting whether objects within the region of interest are movable or static. Because LIDAR is based on 8- and 16-channel rotation mechanisms, real-time data cannot be used to define objects. Instead, point clouds can be used to detect obstacles in the image through deep learning in the preliminary processing phase of the classification algorithm. By matching the labeling information of defined objects with the classified object cloud data obtained using 3D LIDAR, the exact dynamic trajectory and position of the defined objects can be calculated. Consequently, to process the acquired object data efficiently, we devised an active-region-of-interest technique to ensure a fast processing speed while maintaining a high detection rate.
First-principles study of the adsorption of PH3 on Ge(001) and Si(001) surfaces (2002)

Using a first-principles pseudopotential method we have compared the adsorption and dissociation of the common n-type dopant molecule PH3 on the Si(001)-(21) and Ge(001){(21) surfaces. We find that the dissociated state is energetically more favourable than the molecular state by 1.70(0.81) eV, whereas the latter is 0.58(0.25) eV more stable than the system composed of the free silicon(germanium) surface and PH3(g). The chemisorbed system is characterised by elongated Si{Si(Ge{Ge) dimers that are symmetric in the dissociative case and asymmetric in the molecular case and by the fact that the Si(Ge){PH2 as well as the PH3(ads) groups retain the pyramidal geometry of the phosphine molecule. Our dissociative adsorption model is further supported by our calculated vibrational modes, which are in good agreement with available experimental works.
Animal models for prostate cancer (1980)

Four model systems for prostate adenocarcinomas have been developed in rats: they are designated Dunning, Noble, ACI, and Pollard tumors. They have attributes that make them valuable sources of information, of relevance to the disease in man. The development and use of the Pollard tumors as in vitro and in vivo model systems are reviewed, especially on the phenomenon of metastasis. Specific agents either accelerate or retard the rate and extent of metastatic spread of the prostate tumor cells from extravascular sites to specific target organs. Specific enzymes may be involved in the phenomenon of metastasis.
Detection and Characterization of Waviness in Unidirectional GFRP Using Rayleigh Wave Air Coupled Ultrasonic Testing (RAC-UT) (2013)

In this article, we propose a method of detection and quantification of fiber waviness or “marcels” in unidirectional glass fiber reinforced composite plates using air coupled ultrasonics. Severity of waviness was defined with the help of aspect ratio, which is the geometric characteristic of the marcel. Several wavy samples with different aspect ratios were fabricated and tested with the defined method. Waviness was detected by performing C-Scans and characterized with the help of B-Scans to determine the change in time of flight while traversing along the length of the wave. This method can be effectively implemented as a field technique for marcel characterization in thick composites.
Roles of cysteines in human lecithin:cholesterol acyltransferase (1993)

Human lecithin:cholesterol acyltransferase (LCAT, E.C.2.3.1.43) is a serine-type esterase that contains six cysteines, two of which, Cys31 and Cys184, are free. The remaining cysteines form disulfide links. One of these is between Cys50 and Cys74 and the other is between Cys313 and Cys356. The cDNA of LCAT and mutants in which one or two of the six cysteines were replaced by glycine was expressed in COS-6 cells. Polymerase chain reactions and Northern blot analysis indicated that LCAT mRNA was produced by all transfectants. Western blots of all transfected cells probed with a polyclonal antibody revealed intracellular LCAT. Substitution of glycine for either Cys50, Cys74, Cys313, or Cys356 was associated with a nearly total absence of activity in the medium. No protein was secreted when glycine replaced either of the amino acid residues that link Cys313 and Cys356. The small amounts of the Cys50-->Gly and Cys74-->Gly mutants found in the medium had specific activities that were much lower than that of the wild-type LCAT. All other transfectants secreted immunologically measurable amounts of active enzyme. Mutants in which one or both free cysteines, Cys31 and Cys184, were replaced with glycine were less active than the wild type and only partially inhibited by a sulfhydryl blocking reagent. The substrate specificities of the Cys31-->Gly and Cys184-->Gly mutants differed from that of the wild type.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Direct Printing of Organic Electronics at the Nanometer Scale (2006)

Abstract : We explore new methods for direct patterned growth of organic semiconductor thin films useful in organic electronic devices. The scope of the program ranged from the growth of patterns from the nanometer to the centimeter scales. Its objectives included developing new tools and analytical techniques for the fabrication of organic nano and microstructures, to the study of such low dimensionality nanostructures for their interesting and potentially useful optoelectronic properties. The work included fundamental theoretical and experimental investigations of the limitations to growth at the smallest dimensions, and applying these findings to the demonstration of practical organic electronic devices. We demonstrate direct patterning of very high performance electrophosphorescent organic light-emitting devices and scaling up of the printing apparatus for direct patterning of multiple devices simultaneously.
Estimation of evoked potentials based on the wavelet analysis (2002)

For the effective removal of artifacts and the extraction of an improved evoked potential response, we propose the method using the shrinkage of wavelet coefficients. The wavelet analysis decomposes the measured evoked potentials into scale coefficients with low frequency components and wavelet coefficients with high frequency components as a resolution level, respectively. In the wavelet domain, artifacts are dispersed mainly at the wavelet coefficients rather than the scaling coefficients. Thus, in the course of synthesis evoked potentials, this method shrinks the wavelet coefficients to reduce the effects of artifacts in the wavelet domain and then reproduces the evoked potentials with the constricted coefficients, and lastly averages them. We collected visual evoked responses to simulate the method using the shrinkage of wavelet coefficients and obtained VEP after reproducing evoked responses using the wavelet analysis, and compared it with averaged signal. As a result of simulations, we got VEP with improved SNR in comparison with the averaging method at Daubechies wavelet in the resolution level four. We confirmed that the 32 times of averaging was enough to get normal VEPs.
Bimetallic catalytic systems containing Ti, Zr, Ni, and Pd. Their applications to selective organic syntheses (1981)

Abstract
Facile Controlled Synthesis of MnO<sub>2</sub> Nanostructures of Novel Shapes and Their Application in Batteries (2006)

In this paper, MnO2 nanomaterials of different crystallographic types and crystal morphologies have been selectively synthesized via a facile hydrothermal route and electrochemically investigated as the cathode active materials of primary and rechargeable batteries. Beta-MnO2 nano/microstructures, including one-dimensional (1-D) nanowires, nanorods, and nanoneedles, as well as 2-D hexagramlike and dendritelike hierarchical forms, were obtained by simple hydrothermal decomposition of an Mn(NO3)2 solution under controlled reaction conditions. Alpha- and gamma-MnO2 nanowires and nanorods were also prepared on the basis of previous literature. The as-synthesized samples were characterized by instrumental analyses such as XRD, SEM, TEM, and HRTEM. Furthermore, the obtained 1-D alpha- and gamma-MnO2 nanostructures were found to exhibit favorable discharge performance in both primary alkaline Zn-MnO2 cells and rechargeable Li-MnO2 cells, showing their potential applications in high-energy batteries.
Mass sensitivity of dual mode SAW delay lines on AlN/sapphire structure (2005)

A surface acoustic wave (SAW) and a leaky shear horizontal SAW (SH-SAW) have been simultaneously excited along Al2O3[1 1̄ 00] on an AlN(0001)/Al2O3(11 2̄ 0) structure. Both modes are highly sensitive to surface mass loading. The measured mass sensitivities are in good agreement with theoretical prediction, and are comparable or higher than those reported on other SAW devices.