gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Sparsity-based super-resolution microscopy from correlation information (2018)

For more than a century, the wavelength of light was considered to be a fundamental limit on the spatial resolution of optical imaging. Particularly in light microscopy, this limit, known as Abbe's diffraction limit, places a fundamental constraint on the ability to image sub-cellular organelles with high resolution. However, modern microscopy techniques such as STED, PALM, and STORM, manage to recover sub-wavelength information, by relying on fluorescence imaging. Specifically, PALM/STORM acquire large sequences of fluorescence images from molecules attached to the organelles within the imaged specimen, such that in each frame only a small set of fluorophores are active. The position of each fluorophore can be found accurately in each frame, and the image is recovered by superimposing the points from all frames. The resulting grainy image is subsequently smoothed to produce the final super-resolved image with a resolution of tens of nano-meters. However, because PALM/STORM rely on many (>10,000) exposures, they suffer from poor temporal resolution. To address that, super-resolution optical fluctuation imaging (SOFI) was shown to produce sub-diffraction images with increased temporal resolution, by allowing for higher fluorophore density and exploiting the temporal statistics of the emissions. However, the improved temporal resolution of SOFI comes at the expense of its spatial resolution, which is not as high as that of PALM/STORM. Here, we present a new method called SPARCOM: sparsity-based super-resolution correlation microscopy, which combines a shorter integration time than previously reported with spatial resolution comparable to PALM and STORM. SPARCOM relies on sparsity in the correlation domain, exploiting the sparse distribution of fluorescent molecules and the lack of correlation between different emitters. We demonstrate our technique in simulations and in experiments and provide comparisons to state-of-the-art high density methods.
Multi-Task Domain Adaptation for Deep Learning of Instance Grasping from Simulation (2018)

Learning-based approaches to robotic manipulation are limited by the scalability of data collection and accessibility of labels. In this paper, we present a multi-task domain adaptation framework for instance grasping in cluttered scenes by utilizing simulated robot experiments. Our neural network takes monocular RGB images and the instance segmentation mask of a specified target object as inputs, and predicts the probability of successfully grasping the specified object for each candidate motor command. The proposed transfer learning framework trains a model for instance grasping in simulation and uses a domain-adversarial loss to transfer the trained model to real robots using indiscriminate grasping data, which is available both in simulation and the real world. We evaluate our model in real-world robot experiments, comparing it with alternative model architectures as well as an indiscriminate grasping baseline.
GB Virus Type C NS5A Sequence Polymorphisms: Association with Interferon Susceptibility and Inhibition of PKR-Mediated eIF2α Phosphorylation (2005)

GB virus type C (GBV-C) causes persistent infection in humans, although the mechanism by which the virus avoids clearance by the host is unknown. To determine if amino acid polymorphisms in the GB virus type C (GBV-C) NS5A and E2 proteins alter response to interferon (IFN) therapy, we studied the sequence of GBVC NS5A and E2 obtained from people receiving IFN therapy. In addition, we expressed recombinant GBVC NS5A protein to determine if it interferes with RNA-activated protein kinase (PKR) function in vitro. GBVC NS5A amplified from a person whose virus was cleared by IFN therapy (IFN sensitive) demonstrated unique amino acid changes occurring in the region that aligns with the hepatitis C virus (HCV) IFN sensitivity-determining region (ISDR) compared with NS5A sequences from individuals who did not clear GBV-C (IFN resistant). There were no differences in the E2 sequences obtained from IFN-sensitive and IFN-resistant isolates. Using a yeast genetic system, IFN-resistant NS5A inhibited PKR-mediated phosphorylation of eukaryotic initiation factor 2alpha (eIF2alpha) in yeast, whereas IFN-sensitive NS5A did not inhibit PKR function. GBV-C NS5A amino acid polymorphisms appear to be involved in response to IFN therapy, and IFN-resistant GBV-C NS5A inhibited PKR-mediated eIF2alpha phosphorylation in a yeast genetic system, suggesting a mechanism by which GBV-C may evade clearance by naturally occurring host antiviral responses.
Automatic and language independent triphone training using phonetic tables [speech recognition] (2004)

Training triphone acoustic models for speech recognition is time-consuming and requires important manual intervention. We present an alternative solution, performing automatic training by use of a pronunciation phonetic table which summarizes the articulatory characteristics of the target language. The method is able to train triphones for any language, given an existing set of reference monophones in one or more languages, by automatically performing the tasks of monophone seeding, triphone clustering and other training steps. The automatic nature of the training algorithm lends itself to parameter optimization, which can further improve recognition accuracy with respect to manually trained models. In a continuous digit recognition experiment, it is shown that automatically generated triphone models gave a 1.26% error rate, compared to a 2.30% error rate for its manual counterpart.
SEARCH FOR STEM CELLS IN THE GROWING ANTLER STAG (CERVUS ELAPHUS) (2006)

The dynamic growth of antlers in the deer family requires that various types of cells take part and are activated. Stem cells play a significant role in initiation and continuation of the process. Most of authors express the opinion that the cells are present in regions of a unipotential tissue in the form of pedicle and antler blastema in the frontal bone. Application of specific antibodies in immunocytochemical reactions permitted to label and to localize stem cells both in vivo in growing antlers and ex vivo, in cell cultures.
Aldolase Antibodies of Remarkable Scope (1998)

This paper describes the substrate specificity, synthetic scope, and efficiency of aldolase catalytic antibodies 38C2 and 33F12. These antibodies use the enamine mechanism common to the natural Class I aldolase enzymes. Substrates for these catalysts, 23 donors and 16 acceptors, have been identified. The aldol acceptor specificity is expected to be much broader than that defined here since all aldehydes tested, with the exception polyhydroxylated aldehydes, were substrates for the antibodies. 38C2 and 33F12 have been shown to catalyze intermolecular ketone−ketone, ketone−aldehyde, aldehyde−ketone, and aldehyde−aldehyde aldol addition reactions and in some cases to catalyze their subsequent dehydration to yield aldol condensation products. Substrates for intramolecular aldol reactions have also been defined. With acetone as the aldol donor substrate a new stereogenic center is formed by attack on the si-face of the aldehyde with ee's in most cases exceeding 95%. With hydroxyacetone as the donor substrate, attack occurs on the re-face, generating an α,β-dihydroxy ketone with two stereogenic centers of the α-syn configuration in 70 to >98% ee. With fluoroacetone donor reactions, the major product is a syn α-fluoro-β-hydroxy ketone with 95% ee. Studies of retroaldol reactions demonstrate that the antibodies provide up to 108-fold enhanced efficiency relative to simple amine-catalyzed reactions.
Compatibilization of Isotactic Polypropylene (<i>i</i>PP) and High-Density Polyethylene (HDPE) with <i>i</i>PP–PE Multiblock Copolymers (2018)

A series of isotactic polypropylene (iPP) and polyethylene (PE) diblock, tetrablock, and hexablock copolymers (BCPs) were synthesized with tunable molecular weights using a hafnium pyridylamine catalyst. The BCPs were melt blended with 70 wt % high-density PE (HDPE) and 30 wt % iPP commercial homopolymers at concentrations between 0.2 and 5 wt %. The resulting blend morphologies were investigated using TEM, revealing uniformly dispersed iPP droplets ranging progressively in size with increasing BCP content from three-quarters to one-quarter of the diameter of the uncompatibilized mixture. Tensile tests revealed a dramatic enhancement in toughness based on the strain at break which increased from 10% for the unmodified blend to more than 300% with just 0.2 wt % BCP and over 500% with the addition of 0.5 wt % BCP or greater. Incorporation of BCPs in blends also improved the impact toughness, doubling the Izod impact strength to a level comparable to the neat HDPE with just 1 wt % additive. These improved blend properties are attributed to enhanced interfacial strength, which was independently probed using T-peel adhesion measurements performed on laminates composed of HDPE/BCP/iPP trilayers. Thin (ca. ≤100 nm thick) BCP films, fabricated by high-temperature spin coating and molded between the homopolymer films, significantly altered the laminate peel strength, depending on the molecular weight and molecular architecture of the block copolymer. Multilayer laminates containing no BCP or low molecular weight diblock copolymer separated by adhesive failure during peel testing. Sufficiently high molecular weight iPP–PE diblock copolymers and iPP–PE–iPP–PE tetrablock copolymers with significantly lower block molecular weights exhibited cohesive failure of the HDPE film rather than adhesive failure. We propose adhesion mechanisms based on molecular entanglements and cocrystallization for tetrablocks and diblocks, respectively, to account for these findings. These results demonstrate exciting opportunities to recycle the world's top two polymers through simple melt blending, obviating the need to separate these plastics in mixed waste streams.
Detection and Molecular Cloning of the Extreme 3'-End of HCV (2003)

The 3'-end region of the HCV genome is composed of three characteristic elements: conventional 3'-untranslated region, subsequent poly (U) stretch, and a newly identified 3'-terminal sequence named the 3'X tail (1,2). The 3'X tail is thought to be a common structure of the HCV genome, and should have important roles in initiation and regulation of the genomic replication of HCV.
Synthesis of optically pure .alpha.-amino acids via salts of .alpha.-amino-.beta.-propiolactone (1988)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTSynthesis of optically pure .alpha.-amino acids via salts of .alpha.-amino-.beta.-propiolactoneLee D. Arnold, Robert G. May, and John Christopher. VederasCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1988, 110, 7, 2237–2241Publication Date (Print):March 1, 1988Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 March 1988https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00215a038https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00215a038research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views2053Altmetric-Citations120LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Ceramics as biomaterials for dental restoration (2008)

Sintered ceramics and glass-ceramics are widely used as biomaterials for dental restoration, especially as dental inlays, onlays, veneers, crowns or bridges. Biomaterials were developed either to veneer metal frameworks or to produce metal-free dental restorations. Different types of glass-ceramics and ceramics are available and necessary today to fulfill customers' needs (patients, dentists and dental technicians) regarding the properties of the biomaterials and the processing of the products. All of these different types of biomaterials already cover the entire range of indications of dental restorations. Today, patients are increasingly interested in metal-free restoration. Glass-ceramics are particularly suitable for fabricating inlays, crowns and small bridges, as these materials achieve very strong, esthetic results. High-strength ceramics are preferred in situations where the material is exposed to high masticatory forces.
Graded-Anisotropy-Induced Magnetic Domain Wall Drift for an Artificial Spintronic Leaky Integrate-and-Fire Neuron (2019)

Spintronic three-terminal magnetic-tunnel-junction (3T-MTJ) devices have gained considerable interest in the field of neuromorphic computing. Previously, these devices required external circuitry to implement the leaking functionality that leaky integrate-and-fire (LIF) neurons should display. However, the use of external circuitry results in decreased device efficiency. We previously demonstrated lateral inhibition with a 3T-MTJ neuron that intrinsically performs the leaking, integrating, and firing functions; however, it required the fabrication of a complex multilayer structure. In this paper, we introduce an anisotropy gradient to implement a single-layer intrinsically leaking 3T-MTJ LIF neuron without the use of any external circuitry. This provides the leaking functionality with no hardware cost and reduced fabrication complexity, which increases the device, circuit, system, and cost efficiency.
Interleukin 2: a review. (1985)

Interleukin 2 (IL 2) is a central mediator of the growth and functional activity of B- and T-cells, and cytotoxic cells, including Natural Killer and Lymphokine Activated Killer cells. Significant defects in the production of, and response to, IL 2 have been described in a variety of congenital and acquired immunodeficiency states. IL 2 has demonstrated major anti-tumor activity in animal models. The biochemistry and molecular biology of IL 2 and its gene are reviewed, along with data regarding the IL 2 receptor, normal T-cell activation, abnormalities in IL 2 production and response in immunodeficiency states and leukemia, and initial explorations of IL 2 in the treatment of human cancer.
Counting, enumerating, and sampling of execution plans in a cost-based query optimizer (2000)

Testing an SQL database system by running large sets of deterministic or stochastic SQL statements is common practice in commercial database development. However, code defects often remain undetected as the query optimizer's choice of an execution plan is not only depending on the query but strongly influenced by a large number of parameters describing the database and the hardware environment. Modifying these parameters in order to steer the optimizer to select other plans is difficult since this means anticipating often complex search strategies implemented in the optimizer. In this paper we devise algorithms for counting, exhaustive generation, and uniform sampling of plans from the complete search space. Our techniques allow extensive validation of both generation of alternatives, and execution algorithms with plans other than the optimized one—if two candidate plans fail to produce the same results, then either the optimizer considered an invalid plan, or the execution code is faulty. When the space of alternatives becomes too large for exhaustive testing, which can occur even with a handful of joins, uniform random sampling provides a mechanism for unbiased testing. The technique is implemented in Microsoft's SQL Server, where it is an integral part of the validation and testing process.
Mid-IR laser emission from a C<inf>2</inf>H<inf>2</inf> gas filled hollow core fiber (2010)

We demonstrate what we believe is the first hollow fiber gas laser based on population inversion. A single-cell-defect Kagome fiber with a core diameter of about 40 microns was filled with a few torr of acetylene ( <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">12</sup> C <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> H <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> ). Acetylene has absorption transitions in the attractive telecommunication C band region and recently lasing was observed at about 3 microns from a gas cell when optically pumped. Pumping the gas filled fiber (1.65 m) with micro Joule pulses from a 5-ns OPO resulted in the emission of two laser lines at 3123.2 nm and 3162.4 nm. The pump (-1521 nm) was in the guiding regions of the fiber (loss ~ 0.75 dB/m) while the laser output occurred in weakly guided modes (~ 20 dB/m). This laser combines attractive features of both fiber and gas lasers, such as the confinement of the pump and laser over long interaction lengths in a compact configuration, the many possible emission wavelengths of various gases, high damage threshold, and the potential for coherent beam combining of mutually incoherent pump sources. While this first laser demonstration used a pulsed pump, the gas filled fiber laser is particularly attractive for pumping with CW laser sources.
Know Who Your Friends Are: Understanding Social Connections from Unstructured Text (2018)

Léa Deleris, Francesca Bonin, Elizabeth Daly, Stéphane Deparis, Yufang Hou, Charles Jochim, Yassine Lassoued, Killian Levacher. Proceedings of the 2018 Conference of the North American Chapter of the Association for Computational Linguistics: Demonstrations. 2018.
The Use of Colorimetric Sensor Arrays to Discriminate between Pathogenic Bacteria (2013)

A colorimetric sensor array is a high-dimensional chemical sensor that is cheap, compact, disposable, robust, and easy to operate, making it a good candidate technology to detect pathogenic bacteria, especially potential bioterrorism agents like Yersinia pestis and Bacillus anthracis which feature on the Center for Disease Control and Prevention's list of potential biothreats. Here, a colorimetric sensor array was used to continuously monitor the volatile metabolites released by bacteria in solid media culture in an Advisory Committee on Dangerous Pathogen Containment Level 3 laboratory. At inoculum concentrations as low as 8 colony-forming units per plate, 4 different bacterial species were identified with 100% accuracy using logistic regression to classify the kinetic profile of sensor responses to culture headspace gas. The sensor array was able to further discriminate between different strains of the same species, including 5 strains of Yersinia pestis and Bacillus anthracis. These preliminary results suggest that disposable colorimetric sensor arrays can be an effective, low-cost tool to identify pathogenic bacteria.
Comparison of dot filter hybridization, Southern transfer hybridization, and polymerase chain reaction amplification for diagnosis of anal human papillomavirus infection (1993)

The detection and classification of human papillomavirus (HPV) by a consensus primer polymerase chain reaction (PCR) technique were compared with detection and classification by dot filter hybridization (DFH) and Southern transfer hybridization (STH). PCR detected HPV in 87% of specimens; the detection rates for DFH and STH were 51% and 49%, respectively. The specific HPV types detected by STH were also detected by PCR in 90% of specimens. However, 75% of the samples positive for unclassified HPV by STH were typed by PCR. PCR results were reproducible, as assessed by repeat analysis (96% agreement), by analysis of paired same-day specimens (89% agreement), and by interlaboratory analysis (88% agreement). PCR is a sensitive, specific, and reproducible test for HPV detection and classification in clinical and epidemiologic studies.
Multifunctional Energy Storage Composite Structures with Embedded Lithium-ion Batteries (2018)

This work proposes and analyzes a structurally-integrated lithium-ion battery concept. The multifunctional energy storage composite (MESC) structures developed here encapsulate lithium-ion battery materials inside high-strength carbon-fiber composites and use interlocking polymer rivets to stabilize the electrode layer stack mechanically. These rivets enable load transfer between battery layers, allowing them to store electrical energy while also contributing to the structural load carrying performance, without any modifications to the battery chemistry. The design rationale, fabrication processes, and experimental mechano-electrical characterization of first-generation MESCs are discussed. Experimental results indicate that the MESCs offer electrochemically equivalent performance to the baseline chemistry, despite the disruptive design change. The mechanically-functionalized battery stack’s contribution is assessed via quasi-static three-point bending tests, with results showing significantly improved mechanical stiffness and strength over traditional pouch cells. The rivets minimize interlayer shear movement of the electrode stack, thus allowing it to maintain electrochemical functionalities while carrying mechanical bending. While minimal load application can cause permanent deformation of pouch cells, MESCs maintain their structural integrity and energy-storage capabilities after realistic repeated loading. The results obtained demonstrate the mechanical robustness of MESCs, which allows them to be fabricated as energy-storing structures for electric vehicles and other applications.
Measurement of dynamic stress and optimized start-up method for prototype Francis turbine (2022)

Abstract This paper describes the measurement method and results of dynamic stress for a prototype high head Francis turbine runner, blades of which had fatigue cracks near the root of the blade outlet band side within one-year operation. In order to specify the cause of the cracks, first of all, dynamic stress of the runner blade was measured throughout complete one cycle operation including start-up, no load operation, increase/decrease of load and stopping. Excessive variable strain at the portion near the crack occurred at very low rotational speed during start-up. The large strains occurring during start-up are not due to Rotor-Stator Interaction, other definite cyclic forced vibration or resonance, but the stochastic vibration. Consequently, start-up mode survey was conducted with dynamic stress measurement. As a conclusion, maintaining a small guide vane opening below a certain rotational speed is an effective indicator to reduce the strain during start-up and to minimize the damage caused by this phenomenon.
Planar fully ion implanted InP power junction FET's (1984)

This letter reports on the fabrication and performance of planar all ion-implanted 1.0-µm gate length InP power junction field effect transistors (JFET's). The devices were fabricated utilizing n+ implantation, a AuZn/TiW/Au gate metallization, and an n+ drain ledge. At 4.5 GHz, the 300-µm gate width JFET's exhibited maximum insertion gains of up to 13 dB and scaled output powers as high as 1 W/mm with 3-dB gain.