gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
PEDL (Polymer Encapsulated Dicing Line) Technology for Copper/Low-k Dielectrics Interconnect (2006)

With the improvement in integrated circuits features and increase in clock frequency, it becomes necessary to make a transition to an interconnect materials with better electrical performance. The implementation of low-k materials into the 90 nm and further technology nodes has been thwarted by the lack of viable packaging solutions. To-date no solution to enable true-low-k packaging exists. Low-k materials are mechanically, chemically, thermally, and electrically less stable than the historical material of choice, SiO <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> . Therefore, the challenge lies not only in identifying and characterizing the candidate materials, but also in devising the best method to integrate those materials. With the trends towards finer pitches, the chip and substrate standoff reduces below 25 mum give rise to higher stress on the bumps due to CTE (coefficient of thermal expansion) mismatch. However, the use of Cu/low-k materials in BEOL (back-end-of-line) of the IC has more adverse impact of having chip side failure and it is critical to have a good UBM integrity and compliant structure to handle the stresses. Authors already reported the reliable flip chip packaging technology for Cu/low-k wafers with Pb-free solder (Mercado, 2003). In this paper, new dicing concept of PEDL (polymer encapsulated dicing line) was introduced to improve the dicing yield of Cu/low-k wafers. According to the mechanical simulation, PEDL showed the less die corner stress than normal dies. Generally the stress was concentrated on the corner of chip in case of flip chip packaging. And the stress brings out the internal crack propagation or underfill delamination. Test vehicles are fabricated with 4 layer Cu/low-k devices and 150mum pitch flip chip bump. MSL (moisture sensitivity level) test is carried out after assembly of flip chip packaging with 35mmtimes35mm flip chip BGA substrate. The details of reliability results of flip chip packaging are presented in the manuscript
Synthesis and Serotonergic Activity of N,N-Dimethyl-2-[5-(1,2,4-triazol-1-ylmethyl)-1H-indol-3-yl]ethylamine and Analogs: Potent Agonists for 5-HT1D Receptors (1995)

The synthesis and the 5-HT receptor activity of a novel series of N,N-dimethyltryptamines substituted in the 5-position with an imidazole, triazole, or tetrazole ring are described. The objective of this work was to identify potent and selective 5-HT1D receptor agonists with high oral bioavailability and low central nervous system penetration. Compounds have been prepared in which the azole ring is attached through either nitrogen or carbon to the indole. Conjugated and methylene-bridged derivatives have been studied (n = 0 or 1). Substitution of the azole ring has been explored either alpha or beta to the point of attachment to indole. In a series of N-linked azoles (X = N), simple unsubstituted compounds have high affinity and selectivity for 5-HT1D receptors. It is proposed that for good affinity and selectivity a hydrogen bond acceptor interaction with the 5-HT1D receptor, through a beta-nitrogen in the azole ring, is required. In a series of C-linked triazoles and tetrazoles (X = C), optimal affinity and selectivity for the 5-HT1D receptor was observed when the azole ring is substituted at the 1-position with a methyl or ethyl group. This study has led to the discovery of the 1,2,4-triazole 10a (MK-462) as a potent and selective 5-HT1D receptor agonist which has high oral bioavailability and rapid oral absorption. The in vitro activity and the preliminary pharmacokinetics of compounds in this series are presented.
Electronic control of pH at sulfonated polyaniline electrodes (1992)

Electrochemical modulation of self-doped sulfonated polyaniline is demonstrated to provide electronic control of pH and enzyme activity in the vicinity of the electrodes.
A computer Based System for the Design and Fabrication of Tensegrity Structures (2004)

Tensegrity structures are composed of tension compression comÂ­ponents, where the compression components (bars) are discontinuÂ­ously enclosed within continuous tensile components (cables). From an engineering point of view, a tensegrity structure is characterized by geometric non-linearity and large displacements under loading. Therefore, its prestressed shape and deformation under loading are the result of the combined effect of the geometric parameters that determine the initial configuration of the structure, the level of preÂ­stress applied to cables, and the material properties of the compoÂ­nent members of the structure. A method for generating the initial geometric configuration of tensegrity structures composed of tensegÂ­rity units and a parametric expression of this geometry have already been developed. A novel technology that makes possible the construction of tensegrity structures from the on-site assembly of deployable tensegrity units, which are furÂ­nished with a simple mechanism that permits bar-elongation, and, as a result, an increase of the prestress applied to the cables of each unit, is also under development. Also under development is a static analysis method that takes into account the above method for prestressing cables. This paper discusses the features of a system that supports the combined geometric and structural design of tensegrity structures, and integrates a graphical interface to display: a) models of initial geometry, b) geometry of the structure after prestress and loading are applied, and c) magnitude of forces applied to the structureÂs component members (bars and cables). The system also provides numerical data to be used in component fabrication, and is therefore expected to become a very valuable tool for the design and construction of tensegrity structures.
A Synthetic Peptide for Detecting Antibodies to Epstein-Barr Virus Nuclear Antigen in Sera from Patients with Infectious Mononucleosis (1986)

Journal Article A Synthetic Peptide for Detecting Antibodies to Epstein-Barr Virus Nuclear Antigen in Sera from Patients with Infectious Mononucleosis Get access Richard S. Smith, Richard S. Smith Johnson and Johnson Biotechnology Center, Inc., San Diego; Scripps Clinic and Research Foundation, Department of Basic and Clinical Research, La Jolla, California; and Mount Sinai Hospital, Minneapolis, Minnesota Please address requests for reprints to Dr. Richard S. Smith, Johnson and Johnson Biotechnology Center, Inc., 4245 Sorrento Valley Boulevard, San Diego, California 92121 Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Gary Rhodes, Gary Rhodes Johnson and Johnson Biotechnology Center, Inc., San Diego; Scripps Clinic and Research Foundation, Department of Basic and Clinical Research, La Jolla, California; and Mount Sinai Hospital, Minneapolis, Minnesota Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar John H. Vaughan, John H. Vaughan Johnson and Johnson Biotechnology Center, Inc., San Diego; Scripps Clinic and Research Foundation, Department of Basic and Clinical Research, La Jolla, California; and Mount Sinai Hospital, Minneapolis, Minnesota Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Charles A. Horwitz, Charles A. Horwitz Johnson and Johnson Biotechnology Center, Inc., San Diego; Scripps Clinic and Research Foundation, Department of Basic and Clinical Research, La Jolla, California; and Mount Sinai Hospital, Minneapolis, Minnesota Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar John E. Geltosky, John E. Geltosky Johnson and Johnson Biotechnology Center, Inc., San Diego; Scripps Clinic and Research Foundation, Department of Basic and Clinical Research, La Jolla, California; and Mount Sinai Hospital, Minneapolis, Minnesota Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Alice S. Whalley Alice S. Whalley Johnson and Johnson Biotechnology Center, Inc., San Diego; Scripps Clinic and Research Foundation, Department of Basic and Clinical Research, La Jolla, California; and Mount Sinai Hospital, Minneapolis, Minnesota Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar The Journal of Infectious Diseases, Volume 154, Issue 5, November 1986, Pages 885–889, https://doi.org/10.1093/infdis/154.5.885 Published: 01 November 1986 Article history Received: 17 December 1985 Revision received: 19 May 1986 Published: 01 November 1986
Human 5‐Lipoxygenase (2012)

Abstract The enzyme 5‐lipoxygenase initiates the biosynthesis of leukotrienes, lipid mediators of the inflammatory response. The enzyme is also required for the synthesis of lipoxins, arachidonic‐acid‐derived compounds that promote resolution of inflammation. Lipoxygenases are non‐heme‐iron enzymes that catalyze the peroxidation of polyunsaturated fatty acids. Although all arachidonate‐metabolizing lipoxygenases recognize the same 20‐carbon polyunsaturated fatty acid, each generates a unique product. We describe here the structure of 5‐lipoxygenase, which is distinct among lipoxygenases with respect to the reactions it catalyzes and its regulation. Multiple regulatory mechanisms that combine to ensure a measured generation of its products, precursors of potent signaling compounds, are described. These mechanisms include an atypical (with respect to the lipoxygenase superfamily) protein lability, Ca 2+ ‐induced translocation to the nuclear membrane, and serine phosphorylation.
Autoimmune GFAP Astrocytopathy: Prospective Evaluation of 90 Patients in 1 year (S13.005) (2018)

To prospectively evaluate the utility of glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP)α-IgG testing in both adults and children.
Quantification of Hepatic Steatosis With a Multistep Adaptive Fitting MRI Approach: Prospective Validation Against MR Spectroscopy (2015)

OBJECTIVE. The purpose of this study is to prospectively compare hybrid and complex chemical shift-based MRI fat quantification methods against MR spectroscopy (MRS) for the measurement of hepatic steatosis. SUBJECTS AND METHODS. Forty-two subjects (18 men and 24 women; mean ± SD age, 52.8 ± 14 years) were prospectively enrolled and imaged at 3 T with a chemical shift-based MRI sequence and a single-voxel MRS sequence, each in one breath-hold. Proton density fat fraction and rate constant (R2*) using both single- and dual-R2* hybrid fitting methods, as well as proton density fat fraction and R2* maps using a complex fitting method, were generated. A single radiologist colocalized volumes of interest on the proton density fat fraction and R2* maps according to the spectroscopy measurement voxel. Agreement among the three MRI methods and the MRS proton density fat fraction values was assessed using linear regression, intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC), and Bland-Altman analysis. RESULTS. Correlation between the MRI and MRS measures of proton density fat fraction was excellent. Linear regression coefficients ranged from 0.98 to 1.01, and intercepts ranged from -1.12% to 0.49%. Agreement measured by ICC was also excellent (0.99 for all three methods). Bland-Altman analysis showed excellent agreement, with mean differences of -1.0% to 0.6% (SD, 1.3-1.6%). CONCLUSION. The described MRI-based liver proton density fat fraction measures are clinically feasible and accurate. The validation of proton density fat fraction quantification methods is an important step toward wide availability and acceptance of the MRI-based measurement of proton density fat fraction as an accurate and generalizable biomarker.
Isolation, structure, and activity of -Phe-Met-Arg-Phe-NH2 neuropeptides (designated calliFMRFamides) from the blowfly Calliphora vomitoria. (1992)

Thirteen neuropeptides varying in length from 7 to 11 residues and ending C-terminally in -Phe-Met-Arg-Phe-NH2 (calliFMRFamides 1-13) and one dodecapeptide ending in -Met-Ile-Arg-Phe-NH2 (calliMIRFamide 1) have been isolated from thoracic ganglia of the blowfly Calliphora vomitoria. Different repeating patterns of amino acid sequences enable the peptides to be arranged into distinct groups. One such group of five nonapeptides has the sequence Xaa-Pro-Xaa-Gln-Asp-Phe-Met-Arg-Phe-NH2. Three peptides in this group, with the N-terminal tripeptide sequences Thr-Pro-Gln-, Thr-Pro-Ser-, and Ser-Pro-Ser-, are able to induce fluid secretion from the isolated salivary gland of Calliphora at a concentration of 0.1 to 1 nM. However, two other members of this group with the N-terminal tripeptide sequences Lys-Pro-Asn- and Ala-Pro-Gly-, the latter being the most abundant peptide isolated, were inactive in this assay, as were all the other peptides isolated. This indicates that the N terminus (in addition to the C terminus as previously found for FMRFamides of other organisms) is crucial for at least some biological activities.
Pharmacological enhancement of <i>KCC2</i> gene expression exerts therapeutic effects on human Rett syndrome neurons and <i>Mecp2</i> mutant mice (2019)

Rett syndrome (RTT) is a neurodevelopmental disorder caused by mutations in the methyl CpG binding protein 2 (<i>MECP2</i>) gene. There are currently no approved treatments for RTT. The expression of K<sup>+</sup>/Cl<sup>-</sup> cotransporter 2 (KCC2), a neuron-specific protein, has been found to be reduced in human RTT neurons and in RTT mouse models, suggesting that KCC2 might play a role in the pathophysiology of RTT. To develop neuron-based high-throughput screening (HTS) assays to identify chemical compounds that enhance the expression of the <i>KCC2</i> gene, we report the generation of a robust high-throughput drug screening platform that allows for the rapid assessment of <i>KCC2</i> gene expression in genome-edited human reporter neurons. From an unbiased screen of more than 900 small-molecule chemicals, we have identified a group of compounds that enhance KCC2 expression termed KCC2 expression-enhancing compounds (KEECs). The identified KEECs include U.S. Food and Drug Administration-approved drugs that are inhibitors of the fms-like tyrosine kinase 3 (FLT3) or glycogen synthase kinase 3β (GSK3β) pathways and activators of the sirtuin 1 (SIRT1) and transient receptor potential cation channel subfamily V member 1 (TRPV1) pathways. Treatment with hit compounds increased KCC2 expression in human wild-type (WT) and isogenic <i>MECP2</i> mutant RTT neurons, and rescued electrophysiological and morphological abnormalities of RTT neurons. Injection of KEEC KW-2449 or piperine in <i>Mecp2</i> mutant mice ameliorated disease-associated respiratory and locomotion phenotypes. The small-molecule compounds described in our study may have therapeutic effects not only in RTT but also in other neurological disorders involving dysregulation of KCC2.
Near-Field Microwave Microscopy of Materials Properties (2000)

Near-field microwave microscopy has created the opportunity for a new class of electrodynamics experiments of materials. Freed from the constraints of traditional microwave optics, experiments can be carried out at high spatial resolution over a broad frequency range. In addition, the measurements can be done quantitatively so that images of microwave materials properties can be created. We review the five major types of near-field microwave microscopes and discuss our own form of microscopy in detail. Quantitative images of microwave sheet resistance, dielectric constant, and dielectric tunability are presented and discussed. Future prospects for near-field measurements of microwave electrodynamic properties are also presented.
Metabolism and toxicology of pyrethroids with dihalovinyl substituents. (1977)

Replacement of the photolabile and biodegradable isobutenyl substituent of pyrethroids with a dihalovinyl group often leads to improved insecticidal potency and enhanced photostability. This type of structural modification does not greatly alter the ease of detoxification in mammals since other sites in the molecule undergo metabolic attack. The available toxicological information on dihalovinyl pyrethroids indicates that they are suitable replacements for other insecticides with less favorable persistence and toxicological characteristics.
Scheduling on-demand broadcasts (1998)

Assatellite,wirelessand CableW-based networksspreadtheir reach, there is an increased infrastructure of high-bandwidth links into the home and on the road. Much of this enhanced infrastructure inherently reties on bmdcast tuhnology to deliver data to large user populations. This increase in broadcast capacity has been complemented by the growth of large-scale infomtion-centn.c apptimtions. Many of these applications such as wireless interneta and traffic information systems are . pull-hosed, that is, they respond to on-denrarrd user requests.
Sequence of Hashes Compression in Data De-duplication (2008)

Data de-duplication is a simple compression method, popular in storage archival and backup that consists in partitioning large data objects (files) into smaller parts (named chunks), and replacing the chunks for the purpose of communication or storage by their ID, generally a cryptographic hash like SHA-1 of the chunk data [A. Muthitacharoen et al., 2001], [D.R. Bobbarjung et al., 2006]. The compression ratio achieved by de-duplication can be improved by (1) increasing the likelihood of matching the new chunks against the dictionary (archived) chunks and/or (2) compressing the list of hashes (indexes, of 20 bytes each). Using smaller chunk sizes increases the chance of matching but many more hashes will be generated. The chunks repository is a hash table where each entry stores the SHA-1 value of the chunk and the chunk data. In addition, with each newly created entry we store a chronological pointer linking it with the next new entry. When the hashes produced by the chunker follow the chronological pointers we encode them as a sequence of hashes by specifying the first hash in the sequence and the length of the sequence or when the same hash is generated repeatedly we encode it as a run of hashes by specifying its value and the number of repeated occurrences. The usefulness of the chronological pointers is derived from the insight that when archiving successive versions of a file or set of files, large contiguous areas remain unchanged between these versions and the chronological pointers are predictors of this contiguity. If the contiguity is broken there is a small loss in the hash sequence compression.
CABOB: a fast optimal algorithm for combinatorial auctions (2001)

Combinatorial auctions where bidders can bid on bundles of items can lead to more economical allocations, but determining the winners is-complete and inapproximable. We present CABOB, a sophisticated search algorithm for the problem. It uses decomposition techniques, upper and lower bounding (also across components), elaborate and dynamically chosen bid ordering heuristics, and a host of structural observations. Experiments against CPLEX 7.0 show that CABOB is usually faster, never drastically slower, and in many cases drastically faster. We also uncover interesting aspects of the problem itself. First, the problems with short bids that were hard for the first-generation of specialized algorithms are easy. Second, almost all of the CATS distributions are easy, and become easier with more bids. Third, we test a number of random restart strategies, and show that they do not help on this problem because the run-time distribution does not have a heavy tail (at least not for CABOB). 1
Safe Active Learning for Time-Series Modeling with Gaussian Processes (2024)

Learning time-series models is useful for many applications, such as simulation and forecasting. In this study, we consider the problem of actively learning time-series models while taking given safety constraints into account. For time-series modeling we employ a Gaussian process with a nonlinear exogenous input structure. The proposed approach generates data appropriate for time series model learning, i.e. input and output trajectories, by dynamically exploring the input space. The approach parametrizes the input trajectory as consecutive trajectory sections, which are determined stepwise given safety requirements and past observations. We analyze the proposed algorithm and evaluate it empirically on a technical application. The results show the effectiveness of our approach in a realistic technical use case.
Novel 1-phenylcycloalkanecarboxylic acid derivatives as potential anticonvulsant agents (1991)

A series of analogues based on the anticonvulsant carbetapentane (1, 2-[2-(diethylamino)ethoxy]ethyl 1-phenyl-1-cyclopentylcarboxylate) was prepared as potential novel anticonvulsant drugs. Structure-activity relationships of analogues in which the ester function and cyclopentane moieties were modified have been investigated by evaluating their ability to prevent seizures in the rat maximal electroshock test. These compounds (11, ED50 = 16 mumol/kg; 12, ED50 = 86 mumol/kg, and 23, ED50 = 173 mumol/kg) were effective anticonvulsants. Compound 11, an alkyl ether derivative of 1, was more potent than the parent compound (ED50 = 48 mumol/kg) and also showed a 2-fold increase in potency compared to that of the prototypic anticonvulsant drug diphenylhydantoin.
Simultaneous Isolation of Avidin and Lysozyme from Egg Albumen (1988)

ABSTRACT A single column cation exchange method was developed which allowed simultaneous recovery of lysozyme and avidin from undiluted egg white. A unique application‐elution sequence was developed, involving accumulation of avidin on the column through several cycles of egg white application and lysozyme elution. Lysozyme was recovered with higher yields than reported for the isoelectric precipitation methods often used in the industry (86% vs 60–80%). Lysozyme peaks appeared homogeneous on SDS‐PAGE. Avidin recovery was also as good or better than that of previously reported ion exchange methods (74%–80%). The purity of the avidin fraction (up to 40.9%) was superior to that of other reported primary avidin fractions.
Phosphinoferrocenylaminophosphines as Novel and Practical Ligands for Asymmetric Catalysis (2002)

[structure: see text] A new series of ligands with a novel phosphine-aminophosphine ligation design as depicted in structure 1 has been prepared on a ferrocenylethyl backbone. These BoPhoz ligands of structure 2 have afforded exceedingly high activity and enantioselectivity in the rhodium-catalyzed asymmetric hydrogenation of dehydro-alpha-amino acid derivatives, itaconic acids, and alpha-ketoesters. These air-stable ligands are readily prepared from cost-effective and non-pyrophoric intermediates.
A new electrode material for rechargeable sodium batteries: P2-type Na<sub>2/3</sub>[Mg<sub>0.28</sub>Mn<sub>0.72</sub>]O<sub>2</sub> with anomalously high reversible capacity (2014)

A new high-capacity electrode material made from only earth-abundant elements.
Needle‐free cervical cancer treatment using helical multishield intracavitary rotating shield brachytherapy with the <sup>169</sup>Yb Isotope (2020)

<sup>169</sup> Yb-based RSBT for cervical cancer met the HR-CTV D<sub>90</sub> goal of 85 Gy in a greater percentage of the patients considered than IC/IS (86% vs 84%, respectively) and can reduce overall treatment time relative to IC/IS. <sup>169</sup> Yb-based RSBT could be used to replace IC/IS in instances where IC/IS treatment is not available, especially in instances when HR-CTV volumes are ≥30 cm<sup>3</sup> .