gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Optoelectronic properties of hydrogenated amorphous germanium deposited by rf-PECVD as a function of applied rf-power (2005)

This paper is devoted to the optoelectronic properties of hydrogenated amorphous germanium (a-Ge:H) deposited by the plasma-enhanced chemical vapour deposition (PECVD) technique on the powered electrode under different applied radio frequency power (rf-power) in a conventional, parallel plate reactor. This study investigates in more detail the density of states of the material by analysing the optical absorption spectra obtained by combining optical measurements, photothermal deflection spectroscopy (PDS) and constant photocurrent method (CPM) techniques. The PDS and CPM results are in good agreement. The disorder parameter in optimized samples (E0 V∼42 meV) seems to be the lowest reported to date. However, the deep-gap states density ND is higher in optimized a-Ge:H than in optimized hydrogenated amorphous silicon (a-Si:H) by more than an order of magnitude.
A constrained optimization approach to the control of inverters: Beyond the PWM technique (2009)

In this paper, a constrained optimization based approach is proposed for the switching control of inverters. This method achieves the best tracking performance of three phase currents, or equivalently the best tracking of torque command. This approach may be viewed as an improved SVM (space vector modulation) method. Detailed performance analysis and simulation prove that in the overmodulation region, a relative ratio of improvement up to 1/∑3 and an absolute improvement up to E/R (1 − e− RT/L) are achieved over SVM. Meanwhile, the computation complexity is the same as SVM.
Remifentanil-induced Postoperative Hyperalgesia and Its Prevention with Small-dose Ketamine (2005)

A relatively large dose of intraoperative remifentanil triggers postoperative secondary hyperalgesia. Remifentanil-induced hyperalgesia was prevented by small-dose ketamine, implicating an N-methyl-d-aspartate pain-facilitator process.
Scrimshaw: A language for document queries and transformations (1993)

this paper is as follows. In Section 2 we look at some simple document queries. In Section 3 we look at more complex query examples. Section 4 considers a document type conversion example. Section 5 has conclusions.
Progress curve analysis of qRT‐PCR reactions using the logistic growth equation (2011)

We present an alternate approach for analyzing data from real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) experiments by fitting individual fluorescence vs. cycle number (F vs. C) curves to the logistic growth equation. The best fit parameters determined by nonlinear least squares were used to compute the second derivative of the logistic equation and the cycle threshold, C(t), was determined from the maximum value of the second derivative. This C(t) value was subsequently used to determine ΔΔC(t) and the amplification efficiency, E(n), thereby completing the analysis on a qRT-PCR data set. The robustness of the logistic approach was verified by testing ~600 F vs. C curves using both new and previously published data sets. In most cases, comparisons were made between the logistic estimates and those from the standard curve and comparative C(t) methods. Deviations between the logistic and standard curve method ranged between 3-10% for C(t) estimates, 2-10% for ΔΔC(t) estimates, and 1-11% for E(n) estimates. The correlations between C(t) estimates from the logistic and standard curve methods were very high, often >0.95. When compared with five other established methods of qRT-PCR data analysis to predict initial concentrations of two genes encompassing a total of 500 F vs. C curves, the logistic estimates were of comparable accuracy. This reliable performance of the logistic approach comes without the need to construct standard curves which can be a laborious undertaking. Also, no a priori assumptions for E(n) are necessary while some other methods assume equal E(n) values for the reference and target genes, an assumption that is not universally valid. In addition, by accurately describing the data in the plateau region of the F vs. C curve, the logistic method overcomes the limitations of the sigmoidal curve fitting method. The streamlined nature of the logistic approach makes it ideal for complete automation on a variety of computing environments thereby completely eliminating user bias. The simplicity, robustness, and ease of computer implementation of the logistic approach should make it an attractive alternative for rapidly analyzing qRT-PCR data.
Analytical and toxicological evaluation of flavor chemicals in electronic cigarette refill fluids (2018)

Thousands of electronic cigarette refill fluids are commercially available. The concentrations of nicotine and the solvents, but not the flavor chemicals, are often disclosed on product labels. The purpose of this study was to identify and quantify flavor chemicals in 39 commercial refill fluids that were previously evaluated for toxicity. Twelve flavor chemicals were identified with concentrations ≥1 mg/ml: cinnamaldehyde, menthol, benzyl alcohol, vanillin, eugenol, p-anisaldehyde, ethyl cinnamate, maltol, ethyl maltol, triacetin, benzaldehyde, and menthone. Transfer of these flavor chemicals into aerosols made at 3V and 5V was efficient (mean transfer = 98%). We produced lab-made refill fluids containing authentic standards of each flavor chemical and analyzed the toxicity of their aerosols produced at 3V and 5V using a tank Box Mod device. Over 50% of the refill fluids in our sample contained high concentrations of flavor chemicals that transferred efficiently to aerosols at concentrations that produce cytotoxicity. When tested with two types of human lung cells, the aerosols made at 5V were generally more toxic than those made at 3V. These data will be valuable for consumers, physicians, public health officials, and regulatory agencies when discussing potential health concerns relating to flavor chemicals in electronic cigarette products.
Pulsed Doppler Imaging and Spectrum Analysis for Detection of Carotid Artery Disease (1984)

One hundred carotid arteries in 53 patients suffering from transient cerebral ischaemia or amaurosis fugax have been studied prospectively. Internal carotid arteries were assessed by a six-channel pulsed Doppler imaging system combined with Doppler spectrum analysis and the findings compared with those obtained by X-ray contrast arteriography. Stenosis (greater than 25% diameter reduction) was correctly diagnosed by ultrasonography with a sensitivity of 93% and a specificity of 96%. Occlusion was correctly diagnosed with a sensitivity of 92% and a specificity of 97%. The ability to recognize arterial stenosis and occlusion with this noninvasive system suggests that it has a major part to play in screening patients with suspected carotid artery disease.
Bazedoxifene enhances the anti-tumor effects of cisplatin and radiation treatment by blocking IL-6 signaling in head and neck cancer (2016)

Recent studies have shown that IL-6 signaling plays an important role in the aggressive and metastatic phenotype of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC). Therefore, we hypothesized that targeting of IL-6 signaling in HNSCC could enhance the therapeutic efficacy of standard chemoradiation treatment. We used both <i>in vitro</i> and <i>in vivo</i> models to test the efficacy of Bazedoxifene (BZA), a drug that was originally developed as a newer-generation selective estrogen receptor modulator (SERM) for the treatment of postmenopausal osteoporosis. Recently, BZA was also shown to exhibit potent anti-cancer effects that were both estrogen receptor (ER)-dependent and ER-independent. Our results suggest that BZA inhibits IL-6 signaling by disrupting IL-6R/gp130 protein-protein interactions. BZA treatment of CAL27-IL-6 (IL-6 overexpressing cells) or UM-SCC-74A (naturally expressing high levels of IL-6) significantly inhibited cell proliferation, migration and colony formation ability in a dose-dependent manner. In addition, BZA significantly decreased IL-6-mediated tumorsphere formation by markedly reducing nanog expression. BZA treatment also markedly reduced chemo and radioresistance in head and neck cancer cells by downregulating ERCC-1, XRCC-1 and survivin expression. In a SCID mouse xenograft model, BZA significantly enhanced the anti-tumor effects of cisplatin and radiation treatment with no added systemic toxicity. Furthermore, combination treatments significantly decreased tumor metastasis, pSTAT3 expression and nanog expression, <i>in vivo</i>. Taken together, our results suggest that targeting IL-6 signaling with bazedoxifene could be an effective treatment strategy for the treatment of HNSCC patients.
Cost of protection (2005)

Subtitle: Flight tests begin of airliner jammers against simulated missiles to evaluate if self-protection makes sense.
Prognostic relevance of MAGE‐A4 tumor antigen expression in transitional cell carcinoma of the urinary bladder: A tissue microarray study (2002)

TAAs of the MAGE family are mostly studied as targets of specific immune responses. Their potential relevance as tumor markers has also been underlined. We used a MAb, 57B, recognizing MAGE-A4 protein in paraffin-embedded sections, to evaluate its expression in bladder cancers by employing TMA including 2,317 samples from 1,849 patients. In 2,090/2,317 cases (90.2%), immunostaining yielded interpretable results. Since for some patients more than 1 sample was available, only interpretable first biopsies (n = 1,628) were considered. MAGE-A4 protein was expressed at significantly (p < 0.001) higher frequency in squamous (25/55, 45.5%) than in adeno (4/15, 26.7%), sarcomatoid (4/14, 28.6%), small cell (5/20, 25%) or transitional cell (281/1,522, 18.5%) carcinomas. In TCCs, overall MAGE-A4 positivity was significantly correlated with invasive phenotype (p < 0.001) and high tumor grade (p < 0.0001). Clinical data from 908 TCC patients were retrospectively evaluated, revealing that strong 57B staining was highly significantly associated with decreased tumor-specific survival (p < 0.0001). These data suggest that evaluation of MAGE-A4 protein expression is useful in the identification of groups of TCCs characterized by severe prognosis, thus possibly providing indications for early MAGE TAA-targeted immunotherapy.
Selective laser trabeculoplasty versus argon laser trabeculoplasty: results from a 1-year randomised clinical trial (2006)

SLT is equivalent to ALT in terms of IOP lowering at 1 year, and is a safe and effective procedure for patients with open-angle glaucoma.
Rhodium‐Catalyzed Asymmetric Intramolecular Hydroamination of Unactivated Alkenes (2009)

One for the Rh(oad): The first rhodium-catalyzed asymmetric intramolecular hydroamination of unactivated olefins was developed by using dialkylbiaryl phosphine ligands (see scheme; cod=1,5-cyclooctadiene, Cy=cyclohexyl). A variety of 2-methylpyrrolidines have been synthesized with high enantioselectivities. Detailed facts of importance to specialist readers are published as ”Supporting Information”. Such documents are peer-reviewed, but not copy-edited or typeset. They are made available as submitted by the authors. Please note: The publisher is not responsible for the content or functionality of any supporting information supplied by the authors. Any queries (other than missing content) should be directed to the corresponding author for the article.
Colocalization of a partially dominant gene for yellow seed colour with a major QTL influencing acid detergent fibre (ADF) content in different crosses of oilseed rape (Brassica napus) (2006)

Quantitative trait loci (QTLs) contributing to yellow seed colour and acid detergent fibre (ADF) were localized and compared in 3 mapping populations developed from 2 crosses (designated 'YE1' and 'YE2') between 2 distinct sources of true-breeding yellow-seeded oilseed rape (Brassica napus) and 2 different black-seeded genotypes. A clear correlation was observed between seed colour and ADF content in both crosses. In all 3 populations, a major QTL, with a large effect on both seed colour and ADF in multiple environments, was detected at the same position on chromosome N18. In YE1, a second minor QTL, with a small effect on seed colour but not on ADF content, was localized on chromosome N1. In YE2, no QTL was observed on N1; however, 2 minor seed-colour loci were localized to N15 and N5. A second major QTL for ADF was localized in YE1 on N13; in YE2, no other QTLs for ADF were detected. Combined QTL and segregation data for seed colour and ADF content in the different populations suggest that a partially dominant B. napus gene for seed colour on N18 contributes to a reduction in fibre content in different yellow-seeded B. napus genotypes. The other QTLs that were identified appear to represent different genes in the 2 yellow-seeded rapeseed sources, which, in each case, affect only fibre content or seed colour, respectively. Potential candidate genes and implications for marker-assisted breeding of oilseed rape with reduced seed dietary fibre content are discussed.
A link between the assembly of flagella and lipooligosaccharide of the Gram-negative bacterium <i>Campylobacter jejuni</i> (2010)

Campylobacter jejuni is the leading cause of acute bacterial diarrhea worldwide and is implicated in development of Guillain-Barré syndrome. Two major surface features, the outer membrane lipooligosaccharide and flagella, are highly variable and are often targets for modification. Presumably, these modifications provide a competitive advantage to the bacterium. In this work, we identify a gene encoding a phosphoethanolamine (pEtN) transferase (Cj0256) that serves a dual role in modifying not only the lipooligosaccharide lipid anchor lipid A with pEtN, but also the flagellar rod protein FlgG. Generation of a mutant in C. jejuni 81-176 by interruption of cj0256 resulted in the absence of pEtN modifications on lipid A as well as FlgG. The cj0256 mutant showed a 20-fold increase in sensitivity to the cationic antimicrobial peptide, polymyxin B, as well as a decrease in motility. Transmission EM of the cj0256 mutant revealed a population (approximately 95%) lacking flagella, indicating that, without pEtN modification of FlgG, flagella production is hindered. Most intriguing, this research identifies a pEtN transferase showing preference for two periplasmic substrates linking membrane biogenesis and flagellar assembly. Cj0256 is a member of a large family of mostly uncharacterized proteins that may play a larger role in the decoration of bacterial surface structures.
A Single Nucleotide Polymorphism Chip-Based Method for Combined Genetic and Epigenetic Profiling: Validation in Decitabine Therapy and Tumor/Normal Comparisons (2006)

Progress on several unresolved issues in cancer epigenetics will benefit from rapid and standardized methods for profiling DNA methylation genome-wide. In the area of epigenetic therapy, the demethylating drug decitabine (5-aza-2'-deoxycytidine) is increasingly used to treat acute myelogenous leukemia and myelodysplastic syndrome, but the mechanisms of its anticancer activity have remained unclear. Given the clinical efficacy of decitabine and the uncertainties about its mode of action, it will be useful to optimize methods for following DNA methylation as a biochemical response in individual patients. Here, we describe a single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) chip-based method (MSNP) for profiling DNA methylation. Using this procedure, the extent of demethylation in bone marrow aspirates from patients with leukemia receiving decitabine can be assessed genome-wide using commercially available (Affymetrix) SNP chips. We validated the accuracy of MSNP by comparing the results with combined bisulfite restriction analysis and by sequencing cloned PCR products from bisulfite-converted DNA. We further validated MSNP in a Wilms' tumor/normal kidney comparison, comparing the results with methylation-sensitive Southern blotting. MSNP simultaneously detects aberrations in DNA copy number and loss of heterozygosity, making it a generally useful approach for combined genetic and epigenetic profiling in tissue samples from cancer patients.
The RAID configuration tool (2002)

Disk Arrays or RAIDs are a widely accepted I/O system architecture, useful for a wide range of applications. Before a RAID can be used, one needs to configure the RAID to select parameters such as the RAID level to use, the stripe unit to use, how large a cache to use, and so on. Selecting these configuration parameters can be quite complex, yet no aids are available today to help the user configure his RAID. The optimal selection of the parameters strongly depends on the specific workload characteristics of the application. In this paper we describe a configuration tool called Raidtool which is intended to support the systems designer in the selection of the configuration parameters. Our approach consists of three basic steps. The first step is to collect a trace of I/Os while running one or more typical applications. In the second step, this trace data is analyzed to determine the workload characteristics of the applications. In the third and final step, we use a simulator to evaluate the different RAID controller configurations.
Bioactive steroids as contaminants of the common carbon source galactose (1998)

Most inducible expression vectors for the budding yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae are based on galactose-inducible promoters. Yeast has been increasingly used to study vertebrate steroid receptors because of its powerful genetics. In principle, both regulatory systems are compatible and can be combined in the same strain. However, we found that commercial galactose can be contaminated by bioactive estrogen and progesterone at concentrations that are sufficient to fully activate their cognate receptors. Since steroids can elicit biological responses in pathogenic fungi and possibly other microorganisms, such contaminants in a commonly used fermentable carbon source may need to be screened for.
Costello syndrome: An overview (2003)

The Costello syndrome is characterized by prenatally increased growth, postnatal growth retardation, coarse face, loose skin resembling cutis laxa, nonprogressive cardiomyopathy, developmental delay, and a outgoing, friendly behavior. Patients can develop papillomata, especially around the mouth, and have a predisposition for malignancies (mainly abdominal and pelvic rhabdomyosarcoma in childhood). Costello syndrome is likely to be an autosomal dominant disorder. The pathogenesis is unclear, but there are many clues for a disturbed elastogenesis, possibly through a disturbed elastin-binding protein reuse by chondroitin sulfate-bearing proteoglycans accumulation. A review of the findings in the 73 patients that have been described in sufficient detail is provided.
Probiotics as Biotherapeutic Agents: Present Knowledge and Future Prospects (2003)

Since the early observations of Elie Metchnikoff, a wealth of experiments have described the use of selected microorganisms, mainly belonging to the lactic acid bacteria family, for the prevention or treatment of a variety of pathological situations. Nevertheless, the mechanisms underlying the proposed actions remain vastly unknown, partly as a consequence of the complexity of the gastro-intestinal ecosystem with which these biotherapeutic agents are expected to interact, but also because of the increasing variety of strains considered to have potential probiotic characteristics. During the past decades, however, the beneficial effect of specific strains in preventing or treating intestinal disorders has been substantiated by well-controlled clinical trials. Increasing evidence, including human studies, is also supporting the immunomodulatory role attributed to given lactic acid bacterial strains. The desire by consumers to use natural methods for health maintenance rather than long-term chemotherapeutic agents (i.e. antibiotics), linked to their expectation that food becomes a source of prolonged well-being, supports the speculation that the probiotic market will expand rapidly. Much of this growth will also depend on the reliability of claims that these products will bare. Therefore, the legislator will have to provide clear rules and regulations which will depend on measurable biomarkers and criteria based on scientific evidence. These commercial and legislative needs will hopefully provide scientists with the resources necessary to conduct the multidisciplinary research required to establish facts and mechanisms of action for carefully selected probiotic strains. These research results will probably be as essential for the positioning of probiotic preparations as either a food, a food supplement or as pharmaceutical preparation.
Biometric fingerprint architecture for home security system (2016)

Home security system is an emerging technology that gained much attention recently by homeowners. The conventional hardwired system is easy to install in newly developed homes; however, the existing homes require complex configuration of such systems which involves substantial cost. Hence, a wireless home security system has been an alternative to the hardwired.This paper describes a simple home security system that is implemented using fingerprint biometrics technology.The system is known as BIOmetrics FIngerprint for Home Security (BIOFIHS). BIOFIHS is demonstrated using a prototype that consists of hardware and software components.The hardware includes fingerprint sensors, a microcontroller, a wireless network router, an application server, and a smartphone. For the software, a program is developed to record the fingerprint data and to verify the data on the remote server. All of the components are connected to the home network wirelessly that makes the system easier to implement with cheaper costs.
Endovascular electrocoagulation with a bipolar electrode and alternating current: a follow-up study in dogs. (1983)

Endovascular electrocoagulation of the anterior tibial artery in dogs was performed with two different bipolar electrodes. Follow-up showed revascularization when a short-tip electrode was used, but no revascularization when a long-tip electrode was used. Histologic study showed complete occlusion of the artery by an organized thrombus adherent to the vessel wall.
Electric energy storage properties of poly(vinylidene fluoride) (2010)

High discharged energy density observed in poly(vinylidene fluoride) (PVDF) based copolymers has attracted considerable research interests in the past years. Crystalline properties exhibit great influence on their dielectric and energy storage properties. To understand how crystalline properties influence the energy storage properties of PVDF, PVDF films with three different crystal forms are investigated in this paper. It is shown that γ-PVDF is allowed to work under higher electric fields than α- and β-PVDF in the absence of phase transition in α-PVDF and early polarization saturation in β-PVDF. Consequently, γ-PVDF exhibits the highest energy density of 14 J/cm3 under 500 MV/m electric field.
Theory for upconversion of incoherent images (2012)

Upconversion of images is a generic method for shifting the spectral content of entire images. A comprehensive theory for upconversion of incoherent light images is presented and compared against experiments. In particular we consider the important case for upconversion of infinity corrected light. We show that the spatial resolution for upconversion of incoherent light images is better than for the corresponding coherent image upconversion case. The fundamental differences between upconversion of coherent and incoherent images are investigated theoretically and experimentally. The theory includes the general case of upconversion using TEM(nm) modes.