gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Selenium-catalysed debromination of vic-dibromides to alkenes with cysteine or glutathione (1990)

Sodium selenite catalyses, under mild conditions, the reductive debromination of vic-dibromides [e.g., meso- or (±)-1,2-dibromo-1,2-diphenylethane, trans-10,11-dibromodibenzosuberone, 2,3-dibromo-1,3-Biphenyl-1-propanone, α,β-dibromobenzenepropanoic acid, and cholesterol dibromide] to alkenes in the presence of the thiols cysteine or glutathione.
Double layer supercapacitor properties of onion‐like carbon materials (2008)

Abstract This paper describes the electrochemical performance of carbon onions as electrode materials in electrical double layer capacitors with water electrolytes. Onion‐like carbon (OLC) species were produced by vacuum annealing of detonation nanodiamonds (NDs) powder at 1170–2170 K. The material capability of the charge accumulation in the electric double layer was estimated using the voltammetric technique. The correlations between specific capacitance, surface area and conductivity were found. Charge‐discharge measurements revealed a dependence of the specific capacitance of OLC on the degree of diamond particle graphitization and defectness of particle surfaces. Promising capacitance values, ranging within 20−40 F g –1 and within 70−100 F g –1 were found for the OLC materials operating respectively in acid electrolytic solution (1 M H 2 SO 4 ) and alkaline electrolytic solution (6 M KOH). (© 2008 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
A New Architecture of Online Trading Platform Based on Cloud Computing (2010)

Along with the development of grid computing and cloud computing, finite computing resources supplied by stand-alone server usually become the bottleneck in the process of system implementation of online trading platform. Moreover, It is difficult to reuse algorithm module and the system also becomes more complicated to achieve. Traditional online trading framework can not preferably solve the problem listed above. Thus, we propose a framework of online trading platform based on cloud computing. It is feasible to establish a high-complexity online trading platform using infinite virtual computing capability provided by cloud computing. Simultaneously, this framework can realize the sharing of data sets after the integration of heterogeneous and distributed data based on layered thoughtway, and supply theoretical foundation and framework support for setting up a unified, open, distributed, and parallel online trading platform.
Issues in emerging 4G wireless networks (2001)

Researchers and vendors are expressing a growing interest in 4G wireless networks that support global roaming across multiple wireless and mobile networks. With this feature, users will have access to different services, increased coverage, the convenience of a single device, one bill with a reduced total access cost, and more reliable wireless access even with the failure or loss of one or more networks. 4G networks will also feature IP interoperability for seamless mobile Internet access and bit rates of 50 Mbps or more. Because deployment of 4G wireless technology is not expected until 2006 or even later, developers will hopefully have time to resolve issues involving multiple heterogeneous networks.
Host–guest assembly of squaraine dye in cucurbit[8]uril: its implication in fluorescent probe for mercury ions (2010)

The binding interactions between SQ2 squaraine dye and cucurbit[8]uril (CB8) effectively removes the aggregation of SQ2 in aqueous solution by forming a 1 : 1 inclusion complex. The resulting SQ2.CB8 complex exhibits highly selective fluorescence quenching by Hg(2+) ions, as a result of the synergetic binding between CB8, SQ2 and metal cation.
Estimating the Coherence of Noise (2015)

Noise mechanisms in quantum systems can be broadly characterized as either coherent (i.e., unitary) or incoherent. For a given fixed average error rate, coherent noise mechanisms will generally lead to a larger worst-case error than incoherent noise. We show that the coherence of a noise source can be quantified by the unitarity, which we relate to the average change in purity averaged over input pure states. We then show that the unitarity can be efficiently estimated using a protocol based on randomized benchmarking that is efficient and robust to state-preparation and measurement errors. We also show that the unitarity provides a lower bound on the optimal achievable gate infidelity under a given noisy process.
Immunolocalization of entactin, a sulfated basement membrane component, in rodent tissues, and comparison with GP-2 (laminin). (1981)

Entactin is a sulfated glycoprotein in the extracellular basement membrane like matrix produced by M1536-B3 cells, a mouse endodermal line derived from an embryonal carcinoma. It has a molecular weight of 158,000 and is chemically and immunologically distinguishable from GP-2 (laminin) and fibronectin. Antibodies produced against entactin and GP-2 react with subepithelial and vascular basement membranes in rat lung, liver, spleen, and kidney and mouse placenta and kidney when examined by light microscopy. Both antibodies yield staining around the marginal sinus of the white pulp of the spleen. Antientactin reacts with basement membrane and mesangium in rat glomeruli, and anti-GP2 does not. Ultrastructurally, staining in kidneys is strongest at epithelial or endothelial cell membranes bordering basement membranes, with only moderate staining of the basement membrane proper. Intracellular staining is not present. The location of entactin suggests that it has a role in the interaction of cells with extracellular matrix, possibly in adhesion. Lack of intracellular staining suggests that the tissues studied are not actively producing entactin or GP-2 and that these substances may be fairly stable in adult organisms.
A simple lock manager for distributed heterogeneous systems (2011)

Distributed systems require an efficient way to manage access to shared data and using lock management system is a software-based solution to it. Current locks a re mostly special purpose locks and do not consider the heterogeneity needed for these systems. In this paper, we use the concept of semaphore as a basic structure to manage critical regions in a distributed heterogeneous system. We propose a distributed lock mechanism that is implemented with the aim of simplicity and ability to run on heterogeneous systems. The comparison of this lock mechanism with other comparable mechanisms indicates that it has the necessary and sufficient locking facilities and supports heterogeneous distribution. Besides, we report different average operation times of our implemented lock.
A practical self-shadowing algorithm for interactive hair animation (2005)

Figure 1: A dynamic hair without self-shadowing (left) and shaded with our algorithm (right). The 3D light-oriented map storing hair density and transmittance (middle). The whole simulation (including animation and our rendering) is running interactively on a standard CPU. This paper presents a new fast and accurate selfshadowing algorithm for animated hair. Our method is based on a 3D light-oriented density map, a novel structure that combines an optimized volumetric representation of hair with a light-oriented partition of space. Using this 3D map, accurate hair self-shadowing can be interactively processed (several frames per second for a full hairstyle) on a standard CPU. Beyond the fact that our application is independent of any graphics hardware (and thus portable), it can easily be parallelized for better performance. Our method is especially adapted to render animated hair since there is no geometry-based precomputation and since the density map can be used to optimize hair self-collisions. The approach has been validated on a dance motion sequence, for various hairstyles. Key words: Hair self-shadowing, interactive rendering, hair simulation. 1
RESOURCE ALLOCATION IN INTEGRATED WIRELESS AND MOBILE NETWORKS (2005)

One of the recent trends in the telecommunication industry is the integration of voice and data services in wireless and mobile networks. In the face of this more complex traffic mix, where each service may have different requirements, providing quality of service (QoS) guarantees poses a difficult challenge for network service providers. Call admission control (CAC) and channel allocation can help satisfy these guarantees. 
The objective of this research is to develop resource allocation schemes in integrated wireless and mobile networks. Our research work demonstrates that resource borrowing is an effective approach to achieve these targets. Several resource allocation schemes with channel borrowing have been proposed. The channels in each cell are divided into two parts and pre-allocated for real-time and non-real-time services. One type of service is allowed to borrow unused channels from the other under certain conditions provided that the QoS of the latter is not significantly affected. We take advantage of the delay insensitivity of non-real-time services and allow real-time service calls to preempt nonreal-time service calls. We model the system using the Markov process to understand the effects of channel borrowing on QoS for different types of traffic. 
Widely used CDMA systems are mainly interference limited and the transmit power is an important resource. In such systems, resource borrowing occurs in terms of power borrowing. Based on the current measure of the received power, we develop an algorithm to estimate the updated total received power due to a new call. Using this algorithm, we propose a total received power based CAC for integrated CDMA systems.
The IEEE 802.16 media access control (MAC) layer is designed to support desired level QoS for different services. We present and analyze an adaptive resources allocation algorithm based on QoS degradation. Unlike the preemptive channel borrowing, service degradation allows the low priority service to free only part of its resource in favor of the high priority service. We observe that the degradation scheme outperforms the fixed rate scheme in terms of new call blocking probability, bandwidth utilization and transmission capacity.
Pioneer Mission Support (1978)

Ongoing Pioneer project operations (Pioneers 6 through 11) are briefly mentioned. The DSN prelaunch preparations and launch operations for the Pioneer Venus orbiter are described in detail, along with a brief update on the Pioneer Venus multiprobe launch and encounter preparations.
CMOS/SOS serial-parallel multiplier (1975)

A 24-bit serial-parallel multiplier was integrated in CMOS/silicon-on-sapphire (SOS) technology on a 155 mil/spl times/170 mil chip. The operation of this multiplier is described, showing how the parallel loaded multiplier x combines with the serial loaded multiplicand, a, to form the serial product. An addend, b, can also be accommodated to produce ax+b. The design of the multiplier cells are based on functional majority logic adders and weak or trickle inverter master-slave latches. The chip operates at clock rates up to 18 MHz. Power dissipation at 10 MHz and V/SUB DD/ of 5 V is about 20 mW, and the energy consumption for multiplying two 16-bit numbers is about 64 nJ. Typical application areas are mentioned.
Synthesis and spectroscopic properties of ethynylsulfur pentafluoride (SF5C.tplbond.CH) (1985)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTSynthesis and spectroscopic properties of ethynylsulfur pentafluoride (SF5C.tplbond.CH)JoAnn M. Canich, Maria M. Ludvig, Gary L. Gard, and Jean'ne M. ShreeveCite this: Inorg. Chem. 1985, 24, 22, 3668–3670Publication Date (Print):October 1, 1985Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 October 1985https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ic00216a039https://doi.org/10.1021/ic00216a039research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views240Altmetric-Citations31LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
A rule-based process control method with feedback. (1987)

This paper describes a method for developing a rule-based control algorithm for process control that includes feedback and modification of the rule base from samples of the process output. The rules are used to guide the process toward the desired goal, or goals, and as the process operates new data samples allow the inference of new rules so that the process is automatically optimized and the rules for controlling the process are automatically generated.
hNuf2 inhibition blocks stable kinetochore–microtubule attachment and induces mitotic cell death in HeLa cells (2002)

Identification of proteins that couple kinetochores to spindle microtubules is critical for understanding how accurate chromosome segregation is achieved in mitosis. Here we show that the protein hNuf2 specifically functions at kinetochores for stable microtubule attachment in HeLa cells. When hNuf2 is depleted by RNA interference, spindle formation occurs normally as cells enter mitosis, but kinetochores fail to form their attachments to spindle microtubules and cells block in prometaphase with an active spindle checkpoint. Kinetochores depleted of hNuf2 retain the microtubule motors CENP-E and cytoplasmic dynein, proteins previously implicated in recruiting kinetochore microtubules. Kinetochores also retain detectable levels of the spindle checkpoint proteins Mad2 and BubR1, as expected for activation of the spindle checkpoint by unattached kinetochores. In addition, the cell cycle block produced by hNuf2 depletion induces mitotic cells to undergo cell death. These data highlight a specific role for hNuf2 in kinetochore-microtubule attachment and suggest that hNuf2 is part of a molecular linker between the kinetochore attachment site and tubulin subunits within the lattice of attached plus ends.
Selective motor unit recruitment via intrafascicular multielectrode stimulation (2004)

Recruitment of force via independent asynchronous firing of large numbers of motor units produces the grace and endurance of physiological motion. We have investigated the possibility of reproducing this physiological recruitment strategy by determining the selectivity of access to large numbers of independent motor units through intrafascicular multielectrode stimulation (IFMS) of the peripheral nerve. A Utah Slanted Electrode Array containing 100, 0.5-1.5 mm-long penetrating electrodes was inserted into the sciatic nerve of a cat, and forces generated by the 3 heads of triceps surea in response to electrical stimulation of the nerve were monitored via force transducers attached to their tendons. We found a mean of 17.4 +/- 4.9 (mean +/- SEM) electrodes selectively excited maximal forces in medial gastrocnemius before exciting another muscle. Among electrodes demonstrating selectivity at threshold, a mean of 7.3 +/- 2.7 electrodes were shown to recruit independent populations of motor units innervating medial gastrocnemius (overlap < 20%). Corresponding numbers of electrodes were reported for lateral gastrocnemius and soleus, as well. We used these stimulation data to emulate physiological recruitment strategies, and found that independent motor unit pool recruitment approximates physiological activation more closely than does intensity-based recruitment or frequency-based recruitment.
Induction of Allergen-Specific T Cells by Conjugates of N-Formyl-Methionyl-Leucyl-Phenylalanine and Rye Grass Pollen Extract (1988)

A conjugate of the biologically active peptide N-formyl-methionyl-leucyl-phenylalanine and rye grass pollen extract (F-MLP/rye), previously shown to react with rye grass pollen extract-specific T cells, induced the formation of allergen-specific T cells in mice. Lymph node cells prepared from mice immunized with either native extract or F-MLP/rye gave an enhanced response to unmodified rye grass pollen allergens in vitro. Syngeneic spleen macrophages were able to present the unmodified allergens to T cells obtained from both groups of mice causing their proliferation in vitro. Conjugation of the peptide into the extract brought about an extensive reduction in its reactivity with grass pollen-specific human IgE, and a loss of its ability to induce specific IgG antibody in guinea-pigs. A state of delayed hypersensitivity specific for rye grass pollen extract was produced in guinea-pigs by immunization with either the F-MLP/rye or unmodified extract. It is concluded that conjugates such as F-MLP/rye or other T' allergoids could be used as probes to investigate whether changes in T cell activity are important in immunotherapy.
Experience with bicoherence of electrical power for condition monitoring of wind turbine blades (1998)

The authors explore the application of the normalised bispectrum or bicoherence to the problem of condition monitoring of wind turbine blades. Background information is provided on this type of condition monitoring, how it differs from more conventional condition monitoring of turbo machinery, and the motivation for selecting bicoherence. Bicoherence is defined and compared with the power spectral density. Complications in collecting suitable data, and estimating the bicoherence from that data are investigated; including the requirements of very long stationary data sets for consistent estimates, and computational difficulties in handling such large data sets. Bicoherence is then applied to electrical power output data obtained from a 45 kW wind turbine. The turbine is operated in three configurations to represent normal and fault conditions. A blade with less flapwise stiffness but identical outer dimensions to the matched set of blades was fitted to simulate a damaged blade. Comparison of the results from the power spectral density and bicoherence indicates how the bicoherence might be employed for condition monitoring purposes. Slices of the bicoherence with one frequency fixed at the rate of rotation show clear differences between the configurations and substantially reduce the computational effort required to calculate the estimate.
Flexible, high-density microphotodiode array with integrated sputtered iridium oxide electrodes for retinal stimulation (2016)

To assess the charge-injection capacity of the sputtered iridium oxide film (SIROF) electrode on the retinal CMOS image sensor (CIS) chip, a polyimide-based flex device was designed and fabricated to package the retinal CIS chip. The polyimide-flex-based packaging process keeps the surface of photosensors clean, and the measured connection resistance meets the packaging requirement of the low-power retinal CIS chip. The in vitro experimental results show that the small SIROF electrodes can provide a biphasic charge injection per phase of 3.9 nC/ph to achieve the stimulation threshold at a polarization potential of −0.44 V.
Potential Utilization of Bystander / Abscopal-Mediated Signal Transduction Events in the Treatment of Solid Tumors (2007)

A transformed cell among a group of normal cells exerts a dynamic influence for clonal growth and mass transformation. Likewise, a treatment-induced damaged cell might exert deleterious signal to either neighboring or distal cells. These signals that elicit either transformation or cell death are classified under two independent phenomena. These two phenomena are called (1) Abscopal effect and (2) Bystander effect. There are several agents that have been reported to induce abscopal and bystander effects. Ionizing radiation and ultraviolet radiation are prime inducers of abscopal and bystander effects. In addition, localized therapies for tumor control such as gene therapy approaches, prodrug conversion based chemotherapy approaches, and surgical procedures are significant inducers of either abscopal or bystander effects. The proposed mechanisms that have been reported in literature clearly indicate pivotal roles of cytokine and ceramide signaling leading to the activation of pro-survival proteins and/or pro-apoptotic proteins. Together these pathways provide distinct differences between abscopal and bystander effects that are of particular interest in modern cancer therapeutics. The most exciting future direction of bystander/ abscopal biology in terms of cancer therapeutics will potentially arise from the use of stem cells. In this review, a critical evaluation of potential benefits of abscopal / bystander effects mediated signaling pathways in relation to cancer therapeutics are discussed in detail.
West African Languages : Medium and Message (2001)

Indigenous knowledge in Africa, and the\n world over, is expressed in language, and usually in an\n "indigenous" language - in short, the mother\n tongue of inhabitants of the locality, or a lingua franca in\n regular usage by them. Are these languages simply a neutral\n medium? Are they just instrumental "vehicles" for\n the expression of local knowledge and daily life? Or do the\n languages themselves play some role, by their very structure\n and usage, in what is thought and known? The examples in\n this Note are principally drawn from Hausa, the second most\n widespread tongue in Africa and a member of the\n "Chadic" group of languages. It is principally\n spoken in northern Nigeria and central Niger, but is used as\n well as in several other countries of the region. The\n patterns are nonetheless roughly representative of a host of\n western and central African language traditions.
Why do Euphorbiaceae tick as medicinal plants? A review of Euphorbiaceae family and its medicinal features (2011)

Euphorbiaceae is among the large flowering plant families consisting of a wide variety of vegetative forms some of which are plants of great importance. Its classification and chemistry have of late been subjects of interest possibly because of the wide variety of chemical composition of its members, many of which are poisonous but useful. In this review, we have tried to demonstrate why Euphorbiaceae are important medicinal plants. Two important issues have come up. The worldwide distribution of the family exposes its members, to all sorts of habitats to which they must adapt, therefore inducing a large variety of chemicals (secondary substances) that are employed for survival/defense. Succulence and the CAM (crassulacean acid metabolism) pathway that characterize a good number of its members were quoted as some of the adaptations that aid colonization and survival to achieve this induction. We have also found out that medicinal properties of some of its species may be due to stress factors that characterize most habitats of the family. Varying stress factors like temperature, salinity, drought and others were seen to operate in tandem with genetic factors such as gene expression and mutation loads to bring about synthesis of a wide assemblage of secondary substances that may probably be responsible for the family’s medicinal nature. It was concluded that the family is a good starting point for the search for plant-based medicines.

	 

	Key words: Bio-synthesis, ethnomedicine, secondary metabolites, stress physiology.