gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Stereoselective ring-opening polymerization ofrac-lactide with a single-site, racemic aluminum alkoxide catalyst: Synthesis of stereoblock poly(lactic acid) (2000)

The polymerization of racemic lactide with a racemic aluminum alkoxide catalyst is reported. Microstructural analysis of the polymer produced with 1H NMR spectroscopy revealed that an isotactic stereoblock poly(lactic acid) formed, where each enantiomerically pure block contained an average of 11 lactide monomer units. The melting point of this polymer, 179 °C, was higher than that of the enantiomerically pure polymer, consistent with the cocrystallization of the enantiomeric blocks of the polymer. The mechanism of the polymer formation is currently unknown, although a polymer exchange pathway, where living chain ends switch between metal centers to produce diastereomeric active species, is proposed. © 2000 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Polym Sci A: Polym Chem 38: 4686–4692, 2000
Symmetrization (2007)

We present a symmetrization algorithm for geometric objects. Our algorithm enhances approximate symmetries of a model while minimally altering its shape. Symmetrizing deformations are formulated as an optimization process that couples the spatial domain with a transformation configuration space, where symmetries can be expressed more naturally and compactly as parametrized point-pair mappings. We derive closed-form solution for the optimal symmetry transformations, given a set of corresponding sample pairs. The resulting optimal displacement vectors are used to drive a constrained deformation model that pulls the shape towards symmetry. We show how our algorithm successfully symmetrizes both the geometry and the discretization of complex 2D and 3D shapes and discuss various applications of such symmetrizing deformations.
Development of Recombinant Proteins to Treat Chronic Pain (2018)

Chronic pain is difficult to treat and new approaches to resolve persistent pain are urgently needed. Anti-inflammatory cytokines are promising candidates for treating debilitating pain conditions due to their capacity to regulate aberrant neuro-immune interactions. However, physiologically they work in a network of various cytokines, and therefore their therapeutic effect may not be optimal when used as stand-alone drugs. To overcome this limitation, we developed a fusion protein of the anti-inflammatory cytokines IL4 and IL10. Here, we describe the methods for production and quality control of IL4-10 recombinant fusion protein and we test the effectiveness of the IL4-10 fusion protein to resolve pain in a mouse model of persistent inflammatory pain.
Nanometer-scale microscopy via graphene plasmons (2014)

Using graphene plasmons (GPs), we can realize a nanometer-scale microscopy. Our scheme takes advantage of the extremely large wave number of GPs and the low loss of graphene. Comparing with conventional nonlinear structured-illumination microscopy based on high-order nonlinearity associated with high intensity light, our proposal only requires linear response. Consequently we need a very weak field, which means less damage to the sample and which may play a significantly important role in the imaging of the biological systems.
Inter-layer prediction for backwards compatible high dynamic range video coding with SVC (2012)

We present a backwards compatible high dynamic range video coding framework based on H.264/AVC. It allows to extract a standard low dynamic range (LDR) as well as high dynamic range (HDR) video from one compressed bit stream. A joint global and local inter-layer prediction method is proposed to reduce the redundancy between the LDR and HDR layers. It is based on a common color space which can represent HDR video data perceptually lossless. We show how the inter-layer prediction parameters can be estimated in a rate-distortion optimized way and efficiently encoded to reduce side information. Our evaluations demonstrate that the proposed framework performs best, compared to the state-of-the-art for arbitrary tone-mapping operators. W.r.t. simulcast it allows for up to 50% bit rate saving.
PATIENT-ADAPTIVE SPATIO-TEMPORAL MRI: FROM PARADIGM TO PARADISE AND BEYOND (2007)

Spatial and temporal resolution and image quality in dynamic MRI are severely limited by physical constraints of MRI on the rate of acquisition. The most challenging and important application is cardiac MR (CMR) imaging. We survey work on an explicit model-based methodology developed in our lab, enabling more than an order-of-magnitude reduction in the acquisition requirements in both single and multiple channel MRI, and providing guarantees on the quality of reconstruction subject to the modeling assumptions. Based on time-sequential sampling theory, the approach uses the models to (i) design a minimum redundancy acquisition sequence; and (ii) reconstruct a movie (cine) of the object. By adapting the model to the imaged subject, both acquisition and reconstruction are adaptive. Phantom studies with known ground truth, and in-vivo CMR experiments demonstrate unprecedented spatial and temporal resolutions.
Mechanical and microstructural properties of pectin/starch films (1995)

Abstract Films were made from blends of high methoxy pectin and high amylose starch gelatinized in a microwave oven in the presence and absence of glycerol at times ranging from 10 to 105 s. Three thermodynamic transitions were observed when storage modulus, loss modulus, and loss tangent were plotted against temperature. All three transitions gave minima when the transition temperature was plotted against time of gelatinization. Overall, there were only modest changes in these moduli over the range of gelatinization times studied, with little difference between films made with the starch gelatinized in either the presence or absence of glycerol. Starch granules were found to disappear at gelatinization times between 20 and 30 s, although much smaller starch particles seemed to recur at gelatinization times of 75 s and above. The minima found in the transition temperature and modulus plots were believed to result from a minimum in the amount of intermolecular interactions between the starch molecules. © 1995 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. This article is a US Government work and, as such, is in the public domain in the United States of America.
Multipath common-mode feedback scheme suitable for high-frequency two-stage amplifiers (2006)

A method for stabilising the common-mode feedback (CMFB) loop in high-speed fully differential two-stage amplifiers is presented. Existing approaches may prove to be inadequate for high-speed designs. The problem becomes acute because of positive DC feedback by external network, which leads to ‘latching states’. The proposed multipath approach avoids the latching states while maintaining the stability of the CMFB loop.
Parameter Estimation of Hybrid Sinusoidal FM-Polynomial Phase Signal (2016)

This paper considers parameter estimation of a hybrid sinusoidal frequency modulated (FM) and polynomial phase signal (PPS) from a finite number of samples. We first show limitations of an existing method, the high-order ambiguity function (HAF), and then propose a new method by adopting the high-order phase function which was originally designed for the pure PPS. The proposed method estimates parameters of interest from peak locations in the time-frequency rate domain, which are less perturbed by the noise than peak values used by the HAF-based method. Numerical evaluation shows the proposed method can handle the hybrid FM-PPS signal with low sinusoidal frequency and improve estimation accuracy in terms of mean squared error for several orders of magnitude.
Development of Permeability Measuring Instrument (1992)

Recent electronic devices often use nonmagnetic components with very small permeabilities of less than 1.010. It is difficult to measure the permeability of such materials using the usual techniques. In order to enable measurement in such cases, an improved instrument for permeability measurement was devised. In this instrument, which is based on a type of differential transformer, the material is magnetized by an exciting coil and the resulting magnetic response is detected. The response consists of two components, one from the magnetization and one from eddy currents. The distribution of the magnetization and the eddy currents within the material were estimated using the finite element method applied to analysis of electromagnetic fields. On the basis of this analysis, an improved instrument was developed which is capable of measuring permeabilities of less than 1.010 even in small-size components.
Language model size reduction by pruning and clustering (2000)

Several techniques are known for reducing the size of language models, including count cutoffs [1], Weighted Difference pruning [2], Stolcke pruning [3], and clustering [4].We compare all of these techniques and show some surprising results.For instance, at low pruning thresholds, Weighted Difference and Stolcke pruning underperform count cutoffs.We then show novel clustering techniques that can be combined with Stolcke pruning to produce the smallest models at a given perplexity.The resulting models can be a factor of three or more smaller than models pruned with Stolcke pruning, at the same perplexity.The technique creates clustered models that are often larger than the unclustered models, but which can be pruned to models that are smaller than unclustered models with the same perplexity.
Memristor-Based Hardware Accelerator for Image Compression (2018)

Memristor-based hardware accelerators are gaining an increased attention as a potential candidate to speed-up the vector-matrix operations commonly needed in many digital image processing tasks due to their area, speed, and energy efficiency. In this paper, a memristor-based image compression (MR-IC) architecture that exploits a lossy 2-D discrete wavelet transform is proposed. The architecture is composed of a computational memristor crossbar, an intermediate memory array that stores the row-transformed coefficients and a final memory that holds the compressed version of the original image. The computational memristor array performs in-memory computation on the initially stored transformation coefficients. Using the quantitative analysis approach, we demonstrate a 10× reduction in a number of operations compared with a conventional application-specific integrated circuit implementation. This translates to five orders of magnitude reduction in area, around 11× improvement in energy efficiency, and 1.28× speedup in computation time. Image quality metrics, such as peak signal-to-noise ratio (PSNR), structural similarity (SSIM) index, and complex wavelet-SSIM (CW-SSIM), are used to quantify the reduction in image quality due to lossy compression. The achieved metrics for conventional versus MR-IC are: PSNR 57.24 versus 33.29 dB, SSIM 0.9994 versus 0.8853, and CW-SSIM 1 versus 0.9983. Simulation results show that the 32 quantization levels proposed architecture provides significant improvements in energy, area, and performance compared to the 32 levels CMOS implementation with comparable CW-SSIM.
An Adaptive Threshold Soft-Limiting UWB Receiver with Improved Performance in Multiuser Interference (2006)

A novel receiver structure based on soft-limiting is proposed for detecting a time-hopping ultra-wide bandwidth signal in the presence of multiuser interference. The proposed structure achieves better bit error rate performance than the conventional matched receiver when operating in multiuser interference. When operating in a multiuser interference-plus-Gaussian-noise environment, the receiver structure outperforms the conventional matched filter receiver for moderate to large values of signal-to-noise ratio. A receiver structure with adaptive threshold is further proposed to ensure the performance of the soft-limiting receiver always meets or surpasses the performance of the conventional UWB receiver for all values of signal-to-noise ratio
The structure of the human skin fibroblast collagenase gene. (1988)

Genomic clones containing the complete gene encoding human fibroblast interstitial collagenase were isolated from a lambda phage human DNA library. The gene is comprised from 10 exons and spans 8.2 kilobase pairs. We have mapped the relative positions and determined the DNA sequence of all the exon/intron borders of the gene. The organization of the human interstitial collagenase gene is very similar to that of rabbit collagenase and of two other extracellular matrix (ECM) metalloproteases: rat stromelysin (transin) and rat transin 2. All four genes are organized into 10 exons of virtually identical size while the length of the 3' proximal introns is subject to variation. The protein sequence comprising the putative active center is coded for by exon 5 of all four genes and contains a strongly conserved zinc binding site. This observation suggests that the organization of the ECM metalloprotease genes reflect the structure of the functional domains of the enzyme proteins. The structural data accumulated so far provides evidence for the existence of a gene family coding for secreted ECM metalloproteases and suggests that gene duplication played an important role in its formation.
Phoenix project (2002)

After a system crash, databases recover to the last committed transaction, but applications usually either crash or cannot continue. The Phoenix purpose is to enable application state to persist across system crashes, transparent to the application program. This simplifies application programming, reduces operational costs, masks failures from users, and increases application availability, which is critical in many scenarios, e.g., e-commerce. Within the Phoenix project, we have explored how to provide application recovery efficiently and transparently via redo logging. This paper describes the conceptual framework for the Phoenix project, and the software infrastructure that we are building.
Compact, low-power chip-scale atomic clock (2008)

We have successfully demonstrated a compact atomic frequency standard, the Chip-Scale Atomic Clock (CSAC), which achieves aggressive reductions in size and power while preserving good short-term stability. The device, based on Coherent Population Trapping (CPT), achieved volume less than 1 cm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3</sup> , power consumption below 30 mW, and an Allan Deviation less than 1 times 10 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">-11</sup> (1 hour). This device incorporated a novel dual-pass reflective optical configuration based on a microstructured dual focus optic. Compact, low-power control electronics were developed based on an injection-locked voltage controlled oscillator (VCO) circuit. This approach enabled the combined power consumption of the VCO and microcontroller-based control electronics to be kept below 15 mW.
<title>Spectrum thermal stability of Nd- and Er-doped fiber sources</title> (1991)

The spectral thermal stability of broadband rare-earth-doped fiber sources makes them attractive for fiber sensor applications. We quantify the mean wavelength variation of both Nd- and Er-doped fiber sources operating as superfluorescent fiber lasers. Besides the intrinsic variation of such sources the effects of pump power and pump wavelength are also considered since both the power and wavelength of conventional laser diode pump sources are temperature sensitive. Other types of rare-earth-doped sources are also briefly considered.
A new real-time quantum efficiency measurement system (2008)

We have developed a new technique for measuring the quantum efficiency (QE) in solar cells in real-time using a unique, electronically controlled, full-spectrum light source. Full-spectrum QE graphs can be obtained in less than one second (as opposed to 20 minutes using traditional QE instruments). The high measurement speed is achieved by parallel processing of information from a multitude of spectral channels encoded in modulation frequency bands. The reduction in time scale makes this QE measurement technique compatible with inline production diagnostics, high-fidelity, spectral-matching cell binning, and thin-film module spatial spectral response uniformity tests. The instrument is completely solid-state with no moving parts, is robust enough for manufacturing environments, and is significantly less expensive than a traditional QE instrument.
Green polymer chemistry: Telechelic poly(ethylene glycol)s via enzymatic catalysis (2008)

Abstract This article reports our discovery that poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) can quantitatively be functionalized by transesterification using Candida antarctica lipase B (Novozyme 435) as the catalyst. α‐ω telechelic PEG‐methacrylates and PEG‐acetates were successfully prepared using commercially available PEGs with both narrow and broad molecular weight distribution. 1 H and 13 C NMR together with MALDI‐TOF mass spectroscopy verified the expected structures. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 46: 3024–3028, 2008
A therapeutic Porphyromonas gingivalis gingipain vaccine induces neutralising IgG1 antibodies that protect against experimental periodontitis (2016)

<i>Porphyromonas gingivalis</i> infected mice with an established <i>P. gingivalis</i>-specific inflammatory immune response were protected from developing alveolar bone resorption by therapeutic vaccination with a chimera (KAS2-A1) immunogen targeting the major virulence factors of the bacterium, the gingipain proteinases. Protection was characterised by an antigen-specific IgG1 isotype antibody and Th2 cell response. Adoptive transfer of KAS2-A1-specific IgG1 or IgG2 expressing B cells confirmed that IgG1-mediated protection. Furthermore, parenteral or intraoral administration of KAS2-A1-specific polyclonal antibodies protected against the development of <i>P. gingivalis</i>-induced bone resorption. The KAS2-A1-specific antibodies neutralised the gingipains by inhibiting: proteolytic activity, binding to host cells/proteins and co-aggregation with other periodontal bacteria. Combining key gingipain sequences into a chimera vaccine produced an effective therapeutic intervention that protected against <i>P. gingivalis</i>-induced periodontitis.
Studies of coat protein-mediated resistance to tobacco mosaic virus (TMV). II. Challenge by a mutant with altered virion surface does not overcome resistance conferred by TMV coat protein (1995)

Transgenic tobacco plants expressing the coat protein (CP) gene of the U1 strain of tobacco mosaic virus (TMV) exhibit CP-mediated resistance (CP-MR) against some, but not all, tobamoviruses. To investigate the role of the amino acid sequences on the surface of the challenge virus in CP-MR, mutant strains of U1 TMV were constructed to contain the amino or carboxy termini of the CP of Sunn hemp mosaic tobamovirus (SHMV). The modified virus was unable to overcome CP-MR in transgenic plants that contained the TMV CP. In contrast, TMV in which the CP was replaced by the SHMV CP overcame CP-MR to the same extent as did SHMV. We conclude that CP-MR conferred by TMV CP involves interactions between amino acid sequences of the challenge viruses and the transgene protein other than those on the surface of the challenge virus.
Resonant-cavity enhanced thermal emission (2005)

In this paper we present a vertical-cavity enhanced resonant thermal emitter---a highly directional, narrow-band, tunable, partially coherent thermal source. This device enhances thermal emittance of a metallic or any other highly reflective structure to unity near a cavity resonant frequency. The structure consists of a planar metallic surface (e.g., silver, tungsten), a dielectric layer on top of the metal that forms a vertical cavity, followed by a multilayer dielectric stack acting as a partially transparent cavity mirror. The resonant frequency can easily be tuned by changing the cavity thickness (thus shifting resonant emission peak), while the angle at which the maximum emittance appears can be tuned as well by changing the number of dielectric stack layers. The thermal emission exhibits an extremely narrow angular emission lobe, suggesting increased spatial coherence. Furthermore, we show that we can enhance the thermal emission of an arbitrarily low-emittance material, choosing a properly designed thermal cavity, to near unity.
Evaluation of a Second-Generation Nucleic Acid Sequence-Based Amplification Assay for Quantification of HIV Type 1 RNA and the Use of Ultrasensitive Protocol Adaptations (2000)

Accurate assessment of plasma HIV RNA levels at low concentrations is clinically important. We evaluated a second-generation quantitative HIV RNA assay (NucliSens HIV-1 QT), and three simple adaptations of the NucliSens standard protocol to lower the lower cutoff level. The assays were evaluated in constructed panels with known HIV RNA concentrations and in clinical samples. Results were compared with those obtained with the first generation (NASBA HIV-1 QT) and with two other commercially available assays: the Amplicor HIV Monitor test and the Quantiplex assay. In a constructed panel, results obtained by NASBA QT were on average 0.13 log(10) copies/ml (SD 0.15) higher than those of NucliSens. The NucliSens assay could quantify HIV RNA in at least 50% of the samples down to 518 (2.71 log(10)) copies/ml and NASBA QT to 5.80 x 10(3) (3.76 log(10)) copies/ml). Both assays correlated well with the known input (R NucliSens = 0.99; R NASBA QT = 0.996), but results were more variable at lower input levels. With the three different ultrasensitive NucliSens adaptations, HIV RNA could be quantified in at least 50% of the samples down to 100 (2.00 log(10)), 46 (1.66 log(10)), and 10 (1.00 log(10)) copies/ml, respectively. In patient samples, Amplicor results were on average 0.11 (SD 0.20) log(10) copies/ml above, NucliSens 0.02 (SD 0.29) copies/ml above, and Quantiplex 0.13 (SD 0.19) copies/ml below the mean of the three assay results per sample. The variation remained the same over the range of RNA levels with all three assays. The NucliSens assay can quantify HIV RNA at lower levels than the NASBA QT and is comparable to other commercially available assays. The lower cutoff of the NucliSens can be lowered down to 10 copies/ml.
Semaphorins: mediators of repulsive growth cone guidance (1996)

During development, neuronal growth cones encounter a variety of guidance cues while mediating axon path finding, target recognition and synapse formation. It is clear that repulsive guidance mechanisms play an essential role in these processes. The semaphorin gene family, which is conserved from invertebrates to mammals, includes members that mediate repulsive guidance. Molecular and cellular analysis of this gene family is providing insight into how inhibitory cues function during neurodevelopment.
Exfoliated Block Copolymer/Silicate Nanocomposites by One-Pot, One-Step in-Situ Living Polymerization from Silicate-Anchored Multifunctional Initiator (2006)

Poly(styrene-b-caprolactone)/silicate nanocomposites were prepared via one-pot, one-step in-situ living polymerization from a silicate-anchored bifunctional initiator. The random dispersion of the silicate layers in the polymer matrix was confirmed by both XRD and STEM. The polymer chains were attached to the surface of the silicate layers at the junction between the two blocks. SEC and NMR confirmed the block structure of the polymer. Through simultaneous incorporation of the initiator and benzyltrimethylammonium salt as a noninitiator into the silicate nanocomposites containing higher molecular weight polymers were obtained. The molecular weights of the polymers and the silicate content of the nanocomposites were also controlled. Characterization by XRD and DSC showed that the poly(caprolactone) segment existed in a crystalline state.