gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Optimization of standard As ion implantation for NMOS Si bulk FinFETs extension (2013)

Extension doping for FinFETs is more difficult compared with planar devices due to fin geometry. An amorphization problem for NMOS FinFETs and photo resist shadowing for CMOS FinFETs are pointed out when standard ion implantation (I/I) is used. Amorphization of the fin results in poor recrystallization during subsequent annealing. The whole fin can easily be amorphized when As is implanted at high dose to form source and drain extensions, especially for narrow FinFETs. Fin sputter erosion can be seen when narrow tilt angle standard As I/I is employed. These are serious concerns because they degrade the device performance and increase the variability. In this study, the improvement of the fin amorphization and the fin sputter erosion of standard I/I is reported. The optimization procedure and the optimized result of standard I/I are discussed. In addition, the difference between the device performance for 7 degrees tilt As I/I and the optimized 30 degrees tilt As I/I, which is almost -conformal doping, has been quantified.
New Directions in Social Authentication (2015)

Author(s): Sakshi Jain, Juan Lang, Neil Zhenqiang Gong, Dawn Song, Sreya Basuroy, Prateek Mittal Download: Paper (PDF) Date: 7 Feb 2015 Document Type: Briefing Papers Additional Documents: Slides Associated Event: NDSS Symposium 2015 Abstract: Web services are increasingly adopting auxiliary authentication mechanisms to supplement the security provided by conventional password verification. In the domain of … Continued
Impact of Recycling on Cradle-to-Gate Energy Consumption and Greenhouse Gas Emissions of Automotive Lithium-Ion Batteries (2012)

This paper addresses the environmental burdens (energy consumption and air emissions, including greenhouse gases, GHGs) of the material production, assembly, and recycling of automotive lithium-ion batteries in hybrid electric, plug-in hybrid electric, and battery electric vehicles (BEV) that use LiMn(2)O(4) cathode material. In this analysis, we calculated the energy consumed and air emissions generated when recovering LiMn(2)O(4), aluminum, and copper in three recycling processes (hydrometallurgical, intermediate physical, and direct physical recycling) and examined the effect(s) of closed-loop recycling on environmental impacts of battery production. We aimed to develop a U.S.-specific analysis of lithium-ion battery production and in particular sought to resolve literature discrepancies concerning energy consumed during battery assembly. Our analysis takes a process-level (versus a top-down) approach. For a battery used in a BEV, we estimated cradle-to-gate energy and GHG emissions of 75 MJ/kg battery and 5.1 kg CO(2)e/kg battery, respectively. Battery assembly consumes only 6% of this total energy. These results are significantly less than reported in studies that take a top-down approach. We further estimate that direct physical recycling of LiMn(2)O(4), aluminum, and copper in a closed-loop scenario can reduce energy consumption during material production by up to 48%.
Multidimensional Quality Metrics (MQM) (2014)

In recent years translation quality evaluation has emerged as a major, and at times contentious, topic. Despite a focus on systematizing the evaluation of translation quality, the industry landscape is still highly fragmented, in part because different kinds of translation projects require very different evaluations of quality. In addition, human and machine translation (MT) quality evaluation methods have been fundamentally different in kind, preventing comparison of MT with human translation. The lack of clarity has contributed to an environment in which requesters of translation often cannot be certain whether or not a translation meets their needs or the needs of end users and where providers are unclear about what requesters need and want. In response the EU-funded QTLaunchPad project has developer the Multidimensional Quality Metrics (MQM) framework, an open an extensible system for declaring and describing translation quality metrics using a shared vocabulary of “issue types”.
Dark-field digital holographic microscopy for 3D-tracking of gold nanoparticles (2011)

We present a new technique that combines off-axis Digital Holography and Dark Field Microscopy to track 100nm gold particles diffusing in water. We show that a single hologram is sufficient to localize several particles in a thick sample with a localization accuracy independent of the particle position. From our measurements we reconstruct the trajectories of the particles and derive their 3D diffusion coefficient. Our results pave the way for quantitative studies of the motion of single nanoparticle in complex media.
Receptor protein tyrosine phosphatase ζ as a therapeutic target for glioblastoma therapy (2004)

Astrocytomas are the most frequent brain tumour type in adults. The most common astrocytoma is the glioblastoma (GBM), which is also the most malignant and refractory to treatment--ultimately leading to the patient's death within a year of diagnosis. Neither the classical nor more experimental therapeutic approaches have significantly improved the clinical outcome of this disease. Expression profile analysis of primary tumours has provided recent insight into the identification of new GBM therapeutic targets. These proteins serve as excellent candidates to either inhibit the target molecule's functions (e.g., angiogenesis, migration or proliferation) or, coupled with a toxin or radionucleotide, to bind and exterminate the tumour cells. The receptor protein tyrosine phosphatase zeta (RPTPzeta) and one of its main ligands, pleiotropin (Ptn), are overexpressed in GBMs, thus making them potentially very good targets for the development of new immunotherapeutics. This review will summarise recent advances in GBM therapies focusing on RPTPzeta as a target for immunotherapeutics.
Household food demand by income category: evidence from household survey data in an urban chinese province (2010)

Price and income elasticities are estimated for ten major food groups across low-, medium-, and high-income classes, using the 2004 China urban household survey data for Jiangsu province. Demand parameters are estimated using an incomplete demand system (the LinQuad model). Results of this study show that for the majority of the studied food categories, the demand for the low-income group is found to be more income and own-price elastic; while the demand for the high-income group is found to be less income and own-price elastic. Therefore, the null hypothesis of constant price and income elasticities of demand is rejected in this study. [EconLit citations: D120, R220, Q180]. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
OTDM demultiplexer based on XPM-induced wavelength shifting in highly nonlinear fiber (2003)

In this letter, we report on a simple and robust all-optical demultiplexing scheme for optical time-division multiplexed (OTDM) systems using cross-phase modulation (XPM)-induced wavelength shifting in 100-m highly nonlinear fiber with subsequent optical filtering. All-optical demultiplexing of 160-Gb/s data to 10 Gb/s has been successfully demonstrated with 2.8-ps switching window. Since the XPM-induced wavelength shifting is governed by the leading or trailing edge of the switching pulse, the switching window of this demultiplexing scheme is less than the switching pulsewidth. By utilizing the full capability of the 2.4-ps switching pulses, this demultiplexer is capable of demultiplexing OTDM data at bit rates above 500 Gb/s.
Pulsed Power Options for Large EM Launchers (2014)

Large electromagnetic launchers require multigigawatt (GW) power levels and mega-ampere currents to be supplied at multikilovolts during the launch of a high-speed projectile. Power systems that operate under these conditions are not readily available and expert development is therefore needed to design, assemble, and operate them safely. The options available for energy storage and GW power delivery are discussed. Some of the larger systems that have been built are described and their features discussed.
Increasing cDNA Yields from Single-cell Quantities of mRNA in Standard Laboratory Reverse Transcriptase Reactions using Acoustic Microstreaming (2011)

Correlating gene expression with cell behavior is ideally done at the single-cell level. However, this is not easily achieved because the small amount of labile mRNA present in a single cell (1-5% of 1-50 pg total RNA, or 0.01-2.5 pg mRNA, per cell) mostly degrades before it can be reverse transcribed into a stable cDNA copy. For example, using standard laboratory reagents and hardware, only a small number of genes can be qualitatively assessed per cell. One way to increase the efficiency of standard laboratory reverse transcriptase (RT) reactions (i.e. standard reagents in microliter volumes) comprising single-cell amounts of mRNA would be to more rapidly mix the reagents so the mRNA can be converted to cDNA before it degrades. However this is not trivial because at microliter scales liquid flow is laminar, i.e. currently available methods of mixing (i.e. shaking, vortexing and trituration) fail to produce sufficient chaotic motion to effectively mix reagents. To solve this problem, micro-scale mixing techniques have to be used. A number of microfluidic-based mixing technologies have been developed which successfully increase RT reaction yields. However, microfluidics technologies require specialized hardware that is relatively expensive and not yet widely available. A cheaper, more convenient solution is desirable. The main objective of this study is to demonstrate how application of a novel "micromixing" technique to standard laboratory RT reactions comprising single-cell quantities of mRNA significantly increases their cDNA yields. We find cDNA yields increase by approximately 10-100-fold, which enables: greater numbers of genes to be analyzed per cell; more quantitative analysis of gene expression; and better detection of low-abundance genes in single cells. The micromixing is based on acoustic microstreaming, a phenomenon where sound waves propagating around a small obstacle create a mean flow near the obstacle. We have developed an acoustic microstreaming-based device ("micromixer") with a key simplification; acoustic microstreaming can be achieved at audio frequencies by ensuring the system has a liquid-air interface with a small radius of curvature. The meniscus of a microliter volume of solution in a tube provides an appropriately small radius of curvature. The use of audio frequencies means that the hardware can be inexpensive and versatile, and nucleic acids and other biochemical reagents are not damaged like they can be with standard laboratory sonicators.
Effector mechanisms of human monocyte-mediated tumor cytotoxicity in vitro: parameters of induction of cytotoxins from peripheral blood monocytes isolated by counterflow elutriation. (1986)

Human peripheral blood monocytes, isolated in high purity by centrifugal counterflow elutriation from normal donors, were stimulated in vitro to release cell toxins, herein termed human monocyte toxin(s) (HMT). Bacterial lipopolysaccharide, the lipophilic 6-O-stearoyl derivative of muramyl dipeptide, and 4 beta-phorbol-12 beta-myristate-13 alpha-acetate served as effective induction signals. Induction involved a sequence of transcription, translation, and secretion, all necessary for HMT synthesis and release into the supernatant as determined by blocking of these functions with the drugs actinomycin D, cycloheximide, and monensin, respectively; HMT levels reached a peak within 4-6 h and thereafter declined. The levels of HMT produced varied considerably from donor to donor; one parameter causing this variability appeared to be the plateletapheresis history of the donor. Monocytes from donors subjected to pheresis for the first time were responsive to induction signals immediately after adherence and could not be brought to a higher state of priming for HMT production by further in vitro culture for up to 9 days, with or without recombinant human gamma-interferon. In contrast, monocytes from donors who had recently undergone pheresis (up to 1 wk earlier) were poorly responsive initially to triggering with lipopolysaccharide; however, these cells could be brought to a highly primed state for HMT production by a combination of culture in vitro for several days and a subsequent 24-h exposure to recombinant gamma-interferon (0.1-1.0 units/ml). These primed cells could then be effectively triggered by lipopolysaccharide to release HMT. HMT was found to be cytotoxic (cytostatic/cytolytic) for human and murine tumor cells in vitro.
Butyrylcholinesterase attenuates amyloid fibril formation <i>in vitro</i> (2006)

In Alzheimer's disease, both acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and butyrylcholinesterase (BChE) colocalize with brain fibrils of amyloid-beta (Abeta) peptides, and synaptic AChE-S facilitates fibril formation by association with insoluble Abeta fibrils. Here, we report that human BChE and BSP41, a synthetic peptide derived from the BChE C terminus, inversely associate with the soluble Abeta conformers and delay the onset and decrease the rate of Abeta fibril formation in vitro, at a 1:100 BChE/Abeta molar ratio and in a dose-dependent manner. The corresponding AChE synthetic peptide (ASP)40 peptide, derived from the homologous C terminus of synaptic human (h)AChE-S, failed to significantly affect Abeta fibril formation, attributing the role of enhancing this process to an AChE domain other than the C terminus. Circular dichroism and molecular modeling confirmed that both ASP40 and BChE synthetic peptide (BSP)41 are amphipathic alpha-helices. However, ASP40 shows symmetric amphipathicity, whereas BSP41 presented an aromatic tryptophan residue in the polar side of the C terminus. That this aromatic residue is causally involved in the attenuating effect of BChE was further supported by mutagenesis experiments in which (W8R) BSP41 showed suppressed capacity to attenuate fibril formation. In Alzheimer's disease, BChE may have thus acquired an inverse role to that of AChE by adopting imperfect amphipathic characteristics of its C terminus.
Critical Role of WW Domain Phosphorylation in Regulating Phosphoserine Binding Activity and Pin1 Function (2002)

Phosphoserine-binding modules help determine the specificity of signal transduction events. One such module, the group IV WW domain, plays an essential role in targeting the phosphorylation-specific prolyl isomerase Pin1 to its substrates. These modules require Ser/Thr phosphorylation of their ligands for binding activity. However, phosphorylation of these modules and its functional significance have not been described, nor is it known whether the function of Pin1 is regulated. Here we show that Pin1 WW domain is phosphorylated on Ser(16) both in vitro and in vivo. Further, this phosphorylation regulates the ability of the WW domain to mediate Pin1 substrate interaction and cellular localization. Moreover, both Pin1 and WW domain mutants refractory to Ser(16) phosphorylation act as dominant-negative mutants to induce mitotic block and apoptosis and increase multinucleated cells with 8 N DNA content. Thus, phosphorylation is a new mechanism critical for regulating WW domain phosphoserine binding activity and Pin1 function.
Performance Improvement of Brillouin Ring Laser Based BOTDR System Employing a Wavelength Diversity Technique (2017)

In this paper technique is employed in a Brillouin optical time domain reflectometry (BOTDR) using a Brillouin ring laser (BRL) as a local oscillator. In the wavelength diversity technique, multiple wavelengths are injected into the sensing fiber, while the peak power of each wavelength is set below the nonlinear threshold level. This technique significantly maximizes the overall launch pump power, without activating the nonnegligible nonlinear effects, which overcomes the limitation of the conventional BOTDR system. The BRL, which is simple and cost-effective, that can be used to reduce the receiver bandwidth in the order of few MHz. In addition, a passive depolarizer is used to reduce the polarization noise. The proposed system is validated experimentally over a 50 km sensing fiber with a 5 m spatial resolution. The experimental results demonstrate a signal-to-noise ratio improvement of 5.1 dB, which corresponds to 180% improvement compared to a conventional BOTDR system.
Complexing of Tc-99m with cyclam: concise communication. (1980)

The macrocyclic amine, cyclam, has been found to be an efficient complexing agent for Tc-99m. Complexes can be formed in yields of higher than 95% at pH 11 in 10(-3) M cyclam using 5 x 10(-6) M SnC4H4O6 as a reducing agent. The complex is positively charged and is stable in air. It is not decomposed by dilution, by 0.05 M NaOH, or 0.05 M H2O2, but does show slight decomposition in 0.05 M HCl. In unanesthetized mice the complex is cleared rapidly from the blood by the kidneys and liver. Preliminary studies show that derivatives of cyclam also complex Tc-99m.
Erratum: Systematics of thin films formed by excimer laser ablation: Results on SmBa2Cu3O7 [Appl. Phys. Lett. <b>5</b> <b>3</b>, 703 (1988)] (1988)

First Page
Single-Molecule Mechanical Analysis of Strand Invasion in Human Telomere DNA (2022)

Telomeres are essential chromosome end capping structures that safeguard the genome from dangerous DNA processing events. DNA strand invasion occurs during vital transactions at telomeres, including telomere length maintenance by the alternative lengthening of telomeres (ALT) pathway. During telomeric strand invasion, a single-stranded guanine-rich (G-rich) DNA invades at a complementary duplex telomere repeat sequence, forming a displacement loop (D-loop) in which the displaced DNA consists of the same G-rich sequence as the invading single-stranded DNA. Single-stranded G-rich telomeric DNA readily folds into stable, compact, structures called G-quadruplexes (GQs) in vitro and is anticipated to form within the context of a D-loop; however, evidence supporting this hypothesis is lacking. Here, we report a magnetic tweezers assay that permits the controlled formation of telomeric D-loops (TDLs) within uninterrupted duplex human telomere DNA molecules of physiologically relevant lengths. Our results are consistent with a model wherein the displaced single-stranded DNA of a TDL fold into a GQ. This study provides new insight into telomere structure and establishes a framework for the development of novel therapeutics designed to target GQs at telomeres in cancer cells.
ZNF10 inhibits HIV‐1 LTR activity through interaction with NF‐κB and Sp1 binding motifs (2015)

Kruppel-associated box-containing zinc finger (KRAB-ZNF) genes constitute the single largest gene family of transcriptional repressors in the genomes of higher organisms. In this study, we isolated 52 cDNA clones of KRAB-ZFPs from U1 cell lines and screened them to identify which were capable of regulating HIV-1 gene expression. We identified 5 KRAB-ZFPs that suppressed ⩾50% of HIV-1 LTR. Of the 5 identified KRAB-ZFPs, the expression of ZNF10 significantly enhanced the transcriptional repression activity of the LTR compared with other ZNFs. In addition, the depletion of endogenous ZNF10 led to the activation of HIV-1 LTR. The repressor activity of ZNF10 was required for TRIM28, SETDB1 and HP1-gamma binding. These results indicate that ZNF10 could be involved in a potent intrinsic antiretroviral defense.
COGEX at RTE3 (2007)

This paper reports on LCC's participation at the Third PASCAL Recognizing Textual Entailment Challenge. First, we summarize our semantic logical-based approach which proved successful in the previous two challenges. Then we highlight this year's innovations which contributed to an overall accuracy of 72.25% for the RTE 3 test data. The novelties include new resources, such as eXtended WordNet KB which provides a large number of world knowledge axioms, event and temporal information provided by the TARSQI toolkit, logic form representations of events, negation, coreference and context, and new improvements of lexical chain axiom generation. Finally, the system's performance and error analysis are discussed.
Effects of oxamyl and carbofuran on nematode populations below 10 grass cultivars (1983)

Abstract Ten grass cultivars sown in plots of Horotiu sandy loam were treated with oxamyl and carbofuran for insect control, and a year after sowing were sampled for soil nematodes. There were significantly (P<0.05) fewer nematodes in 0‐10 cm soil below 9 of the cultivars, the average reduction being from 2.7 × l0 6 /m 2 to 0.6 × 10 6 /m 2 ; below phalaris there was no reduction. Herbage production was increased (10–24%) in all cultivars except prairie grass. The nematode fauna in untreated plots contained less than 1 % of any of the recognised plant pathogenic nematode genera. Glasshouse pot trials showed some significant responses to oxamyl and carbofuran, in sieved soil in the absence of insects and in sterilised soil. Field response to these insecticides in this trial may be due to insect control; there may be an element of plant response to the chemicals used, but nematode control is not a factor.
Snider Tire Optimizes Its Customers-Stores-Plants Transportation Network (2017)

We successfully redesigned the customer-store-plant production transportation network at Snider Tire, Inc. (STI), one of the largest commercial tire and retreading dealers in the United States, in two stages. We first optimized the plants-to-stores networks, and we then reengineered the customers-to-store truck routes. We used a Lean Six Sigma (LSS) and optimization framework to improve key supply chain processes of plants’ capacity planning, and distribution routes optimization by focusing on the root causes of process problems and investigating process alternatives. This approach ensured that managers from this small, privately owned, traditional organization were part of the team that developed the solutions, enthusiastically implemented them, and co-owned them. As a result, STI is saving $2 million (16 percent) in annual transportation costs.
Heterosubtypic cross-protection correlates with cross-reactive interferon-gamma-secreting lymphocytes in the ferret model of influenza (2019)

Abstract An effective universal vaccine for influenza will likely need to induce virus-specific T-cells, which are the major mediator of heterosubtypic cross-protection between different subtypes of influenza A virus. In this study we characterise the cell-mediated immune response in ferrets during heterosubtypic protection induced by low-dose H1N1 virus infection against an H3N2 virus challenge, given 4 weeks later. Although the ferrets were not protected against the infection by H3N2 virus, the duration of virus shedding was shortened, and clinical disease was markedly reduced. No cross-reactive neutralizing antibodies were detected, but cross-reactive interferon-gamma-secreting T cells were detected in the circulation prior to H3N2 challenge. These T-cells peaked at 11 days post-H1N1 infection, and were strongly induced in blood and in lung following H3N2 infection. The rapid induction of interferon-gamma-secreting cells in ferrets previously infected with H1N1 virus, but not in naïve ferrets, suggests induction of memory T-cells. These results are in accord with the observations that pre-existing cross-reactive T-cells correlate with protection in humans and have implications for outbreak modelling and universal vaccine design.