gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Influence of doxorubicin on model cell membrane properties: insights from in vitro and in silico studies (2017)

Despite doxorubicin being commonly used in chemotherapy there still remain significant holes in our knowledge regarding its delivery efficacy and an observed resistance mechanism that is postulated to involve the cell membrane. One possible mechanism is the efflux by protein P-gp, which is found predominantly in cholesterol enriched domains. Thereby, a hypothesis for the vulnerability of doxorubicin to efflux through P-gp is its enhanced affinity for the ordered cholesterol rich regions of the plasma membrane. Thus, we have studied doxorubicin's interaction with model membranes in a cholesterol rich, ordered environment and in liquid-disordered cholesterol poor environment. We have combined three separate experimental protocols: UV-Vis spectrophotometry, fluorescence quenching and steady-state anisotropy and computational molecular dynamics modeling. Our results show that the presence of cholesterol induces a change in membrane structure and doesn't impair doxorubicin's membrane partitioning, but reduces drug's influence on membrane fluidity without directly interacting with it. It is thus possible that the resistance mechanism that lowers the efficacy of doxorubicin, results from an increased density in membrane regions where the efflux proteins are present. This work represents a successful approach, combining experimental and computational studies of membrane based systems to unveil the behavior of drugs and candidate drug molecules.
Decomposition of palladium acetate films with a microfocused ion beam (1986)

Submicron Pd features have been fabricated on Si and SiO2 substrates by microfocused Ga+ ion beam exposure of spin-on palladium acetate, [Pd(O2CCH3)2]3, films. Electrical conductivity measurements were made on the exposed features as a function of ion dose for nominal linewidths of 1 and 10 μm. The sheet conductivity in the two cases is comparable and increases dramatically in the exposure dose range between 2×1014 and 5×1014 ions/cm2. The conductivity of the exposed lines is further increased after heating in a hydrogen furnace. Potential applications of this process include mask repair and integrated circuit modification.
Attitude of Medical Students towards Zoom Online Lectures (2021)

Objective: The COVID-19 pandemic has highlighted the importance of health care professionals; therefore, the education of future Doctors is highly relevant. \nThis year, as medical student lectures have been delivered via online platforms like Zoom, it is important to explore attitudes towards Zoom lectures, to establish \ntheir impact on student welfare and education. The attitudes were of 1st year medical students. The hypotheses were: medical students would be negative towards \nZoom online lectures; the age of the student would impact the perception of Zoom online lectures; and females would be more positive towards Zoom online \nlectures compared to males.\nMethods: 20 randomized statements regarding Zoom online lectures were devised (ten positive and ten negative) and then scored according to the Thurstone \nand Chave method. An online survey was designed in Google Forms and, following ethical approval, distributed amongst 1st year medical students. Responses \nfrom 52.5% of Cardiff University 1st year medical students were received, and mean scores were calculated. The Wilcoxon test evaluated significant differences \nbetween groups.\nResults: Medical students had an overall positive attitude towards Zoom online lectures. There was no significant difference by gender (p=0.8826 W=3257.5). \n20+ year old students had the most positive perception which was significantly more positive than 18 (p=0.0002501 W=1625.5) and 19-year-olds (p=0.009936 \nW=1476.5).\nConclusion: 1st year medical students showed a positive perception towards online Zoom online lectures. Gender had no effect; however, age played a significant \nrole, with those aged 20+ having a more positive perception than 18- and 19-year-olds
100% Encapsulation of a Hydrogen Molecule into an Open-Cage Fullerene Derivative and Gas-Phase Generation of H<sub>2</sub>@C<sub>60</sub> (2003)

By applying high-pressure H2 to a new fullerene derivative, C63NO2SPh2Py (1), having a 13-membered-ring orifice, 100% incorporation of a H2 molecule into the fullerene cage has been achieved for the first time. This result substantiates the theoretical calculations indicating that the energy barrier required for H2 insertion through an orifice in 1 is considerably lower than that for the previously reported derivative with the largest orifice among open-cage fullerenes synthesized thus far. Upon matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization mass spectroscopy, the removal of organic addends from the fullerene derivative 1 encapsulating H2 and restoration of the pristine C60 cage, which retains approximately one-third of incorporated H2, have been observed.
Low-Dose Nafamostat Mesilate in Hemodialysis Patients at High Bleeding Risk (2011)

목적: 혈액투석을 시행하는 동안에 체외 혈액 회로의 응고를 막기 위해서는 헤파린과 같은 전신적 항응고제가 필요하다. 출혈위험이 높은 환자에서는 헤파린을 사용하기 어렵기 때문에 무헤파린법이나 국소적 항응고법이 사용되고 있다. 권장용량 (35 mg/hr)의 nafamostat mesilate는 출혈 위험이 있는 혈액투석 환자에서 유용한 항응고법임을 보고된 바 있으나, 저용량 nafamostat mesilate 사용에 대한 연구는 없었다. 본 연구에서는 저용량 헤파린의 효과를 확인하고자 하였다. 방법: 현재 출혈이 진행하고 있거나 수술을 받은 환자 등 출혈 위험이 높은 혈액투석 환자 35명을 대상으로 하였다. 17명의 환자 (평균 연령 59±15세)는 용량 nafamostat (12.5 mg/hr)을 사용하여 238회 혈액투석을 시행하였으며, 18명의 환자 (평균 연령 57±17세)는 생리식염수만으로 247회 혈액투석을 시행하여 이를 비교하였다. 결과: 저용량 nafamostat 투여군과 생리식염수군의 일반적인 특징은 차이가 없었으며, 혈액투석 진행 후에 출혈 정도를 평가한 결과는 두 군이 유사하였다 (11.8% vs. 11.1%). 저용량 nafamostat를 사용하고 혈액투석을 종료한 후에 정맥측 drip-chamber 내 심한 응혈의 발생은 생리식염수군 (44.5/1,000회)이 저용량 nafamostat군 (4.2/1,000회)보다 상대적으로 심하였다 (p=0.006). 결론: 출혈 위험을 가진 혈액투석 환자에서 저용량 nafamostat는 경제적이고 효과적이며 안전한 항응고법으로 생각한다.
Multiple Morphologies, Phase Transitions, and Cross-Linking of Crew-Cut Aggregates of Polybutadiene-<i>block</i>-poly(2-vinylpyridine) Diblock Copolymers (2008)

We describe detailed investigations on the self-assembly of polybutadiene-block-poly(2-vinylpyridine) diblock copolymers into so-called crew-cut micellar aggregates in aqueous media. Three analogous diblock copolymers with different short segments of poly(2-vinylpyridine) were synthesized via anionic polymerization. The self-assembled aggregates are studied in dioxane/water mixtures by means of dynamic light scattering and transmission electron microscopy. Depending on the added volume fraction of water, spherical micelles, branched cylindrical micelles, and vesicles can be found. These aggregates can be cross-linked in a facile fashion using a UV photoinitiator. The structures of the crew-cut aggregates remain intact during cross-linking, yielding stabilized polymeric nanoparticles. A transfer of these nanoparticles into common, only slightly selective solvents, in which no aggregates or different type of aggregates would exist without cross-linking, is possible. The cross-linked nanoparticle structures remain unchanged during this process. Moreover, a new pathway for the phase transition of cylindrical micelles to vesicles was found and is elucidated.
Soluble B and T Lymphocyte Attenuator Possesses Antitumor Effects and Facilitates Heat Shock Protein 70 Vaccine-Triggered Antitumor Immunity against a Murine TC-1 Cervical Cancer Model In Vivo (2009)

B and T lymphocyte attenuator (BTLA)-herpesvirus entry mediator (HVEM) signaling coinhibitory pathway is believed to impair antitumor immune competences. An intriguing unresolved question is whether blockade of BTLA-HVEM guides an effective therapeutic tool against established tumors. To address this issue, we constructed a eukaryotic expression plasmid (psBTLA) that expressed the extracellular domain of murine BTLA (soluble form of BTLA), which could bind HVEM, the ligand of BTLA, and block BTLA-HVEM interactions. The data in this study showed that treatment by injection of psBTLA resulted in down-regulation of IL-10 and TGF-beta and promotion of dendritic cell function by increasing the expression of B7-1 and IL-12, but the adaptive antitumor immune responses achieved by psBTLA administration alone were limited and could not eradicate the tumor effectively. Next, we evaluated the immunotherapeutic efficacy and mechanism of combination therapy of heat shock protein 70 (HSP70) vaccine/psBTLA by using murine TC-1 cervical cancer mice as an ectopic tumor model. Our in vivo studies revealed that treatment with HSP70 vaccine alone did not lead to satisfactory tumor growth inhibition, whereas cotreatment with psBTLA significantly improved antitumor immunity and compensated the deficiency of HSP70 vaccine by increasing the expression of Th1 cytokines, IL-2, and IFN-gamma and decreasing transcription levels of IL-10, TGF-beta, and Foxp3 in the tumor microenvironment. Taken together, our findings indicate that blocking the BTLA-HVEM interaction with sBTLA enhances antitumor efficacy and results in a significant synergistic effect against existent tumor cells in vivo when combined with the HSP70 vaccine.
Respiratory management in severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 infection (2020)

The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 pandemic is to date affecting more than a million of patients and is challenging healthcare professionals around the world. Coronavirus disease 2019 may present with a wide range of clinical spectrum and severity, including severe interstitial pneumonia with high prevalence of hypoxic respiratory failure requiring intensive care admission. There has been increasing sharing experience regarding the patient's clinical features over the last weeks which has underlined the need for general guidance on treatment strategies. We summarise the evidence existing in the literature of oxygen and positive pressure treatments in patients at different stages of respiratory failure and over the course of the disease, including environment and ethical issues related to the ongoing coronavirus disease 2019 infection.
Localized random access scan: towards low area and routing overhead (2008)

Conventional random access scan (RAS) designs, although economic in test power dissipation, test application time and test data volume, are expensive in area and routing overhead. In this paper, we present a localized RAS architecture (LRAS) to address this issue. A novel scan cell structure, which has fewer transistors than the multiplexer-type scan cell, is proposed to eliminate the global test enable signal and to localize the row enable and the column enable signals. Experimental results on ISCAS'89 and ITC'99 benchmark circuits demonstrate that LRAS has 54% less area overhead than multiplexer-type scan chain based designs, while significantly outperforms the state-of-the-art RAS scheme in routing overhead.
Chemical and Plasma Oxidation Behaviors of NiSi and NiPtSi Salicide Films in 65nm Node CMOS Process (2007)

The chemical and plasma oxidation behaviors of NiSi and NiPtSi salicide films in a 65 nm node CMOS device fabrication process have been investigated. By incorporating Pt into the nickel salicide formation process, the oxidation rate can be effectively reduced during both salicidation etch/clean and contact plasma etch processes. Data collected from this study suggests both stronger chemical bonding from PtSi and the aggregation of Pt near film surface attribute to this good oxidation resistance property.
Scalable Bias-Resistant Distributed Randomness (2017)

Bias-resistant public randomness is a critical component in many (distributed) protocols. Generating public randomness is hard, however, because active adversaries may behave dishonestly to bias public random choices toward their advantage. Existing solutions do not scale to hundreds or thousands of participants, as is needed in many decentralized systems. We propose two large-scale distributed protocols, RandHound and RandHerd, which provide publicly-verifiable, unpredictable, and unbiasable randomness against Byzantine adversaries. RandHound relies on an untrusted client to divide a set of randomness servers into groups for scalability, and it depends on the pigeonhole principle to ensure output integrity, even for non-random, adversarial group choices. RandHerd implements an efficient, decentralized randomness beacon. RandHerd is structurally similar to a BFT protocol, but uses RandHound in a one-time setup to arrange participants into verifiably unbiased random secret-sharing groups, which then repeatedly produce random output at predefined intervals. Our prototype demonstrates that RandHound and RandHerd achieve good performance across hundreds of participants while retaining a low failure probability by properly selecting protocol parameters, such as a group size and secret-sharing threshold. For example, when sharding 512 nodes into groups of 32, our experiments show that RandHound can produce fresh random output after 240 seconds. RandHerd, after a setup phase of 260 seconds, is able to generate fresh random output in intervals of approximately 6 seconds. For this configuration, both protocols operate at a failure probability of at most 0.08% against a Byzantine adversary.
Metabolic Engineering of <i>Escherichia coli</i> for Enhanced Production of ( <i>R</i> )- and ( <i>S</i> )-3-Hydroxybutyrate (2009)

Synthetic metabolic pathways have been constructed for the production of enantiopure (R)- and (S)-3-hydroxybutyrate (3HB) from glucose in recombinant Escherichia coli strains. To promote maximal activity, we profiled three thiolase homologs (BktB, Thl, and PhaA) and two coenzyme A (CoA) removal mechanisms (Ptb-Buk and TesB). Two enantioselective 3HB-CoA dehydrogenases, PhaB, producing the (R)-enantiomer, and Hbd, producing the (S)-enantiomer, were utilized to control the 3HB chirality across two E. coli backgrounds, BL21Star(DE3) and MG1655(DE3), representing E. coli B- and K-12-derived strains, respectively. MG1655(DE3) was found to be superior for the production of each 3HB stereoisomer, although the recombinant enzymes exhibited lower in vitro specific activities than BL21Star(DE3). Hbd in vitro activity was significantly higher than PhaB activity in both strains. The engineered strains achieved titers of enantiopure (R)-3HB and (S)-3HB as high as 2.92 g liter(-1) and 2.08 g liter(-1), respectively, in shake flask cultures within 2 days. The NADPH/NADP+ ratio was found to be two- to three-fold higher than the NADH/NAD+ ratio under the culture conditions examined, presumably affecting in vivo activities of PhaB and Hbd and resulting in greater production of (R)-3HB than (S)-3HB. To the best of our knowledge, this study reports the highest (S)-3HB titer achieved in shake flask E. coli cultures to date.
Flexible Transparent Clay Films with Heat‐Resistant and High Gas‐Barrier Properties (2007)

Flexible transparent clay films with heat resistant and high gas-barrier properties are fabricated by using a simple casting procedure. The properties are as follows, lower than 0.1 cm3 20 μm m–2 day–1 atm–1 for oxygen permeability, over 90 % total visible-light transmittance, and heat durability up to 350 °C. The figure shows the transparency of the film before and after heat treatment at 350 °C for one hour.
Subpixel arrangements and color image rendering methods for multiprimary displays (2006)

Design principles are formulated to develop visually optimal multiprimary subpixel architectures. Two new hexagonal subpixel architectures optimized for multiprimary color displays are shown, each designed according to these principles. These new multiprimary pixel architectures are considered to be useful to eliminate the color fringe artifact. They are expected to yield images of better visual quality than previous three primary color architectures including the RGB stripe architecture. A new image rendering method is also formulated for multiprimary subpixel architectures. This method can be used with and without subpixel rendering. An error function is defined enabling proper chromaticity reproduction and enhanced luminance resolution.
Highly Automated Driving on Highways Based on Legal Safety (2012)

This paper discusses driving system design based on traffic rules. This allows fully automated driving in an environment with human drivers, without necessarily changing equipment on other vehicles or infrastructure. It also facilitates cooperation between the driving system and the host driver during highly automated driving. The concept, referred to as legal safety, is illustrated for highly automated driving on highways with distance keeping, intelligent speed adaptation, and lane-changing functionalities. Requirements by legal safety on perception and control components are discussed. This paper presents the actual design of a legal safety decision component, which predicts object trajectories and calculates optimal subject trajectories. System implementation on automotive electronic control units and results on vehicle and simulator are discussed.
Functional neuroimaging studies of reading and reading disability (developmental dyslexia) (2000)

Converging evidence from a number of neuroimaging studies, including our own, suggest that fluent word identification in reading is related to the functional integrity of two consolidated left hemisphere (LH) posterior systems: a dorsal (temporo-parietal) circuit and a ventral (occipito-temporal) circuit. This posterior system is functionally disrupted in developmental dyslexia. Reading disabled readers, relative to nonimpaired readers, demonstrate heightened reliance on both inferior frontal and right hemisphere posterior regions, presumably in compensation for the LH posterior difficulties. We propose a neurobiological account suggesting that for normally developing readers the dorsal circuit predominates at first, and is associated with analytic processing necessary for learning to integrate orthographic features with phonological and lexical-semantic features of printed words. The ventral circuit constitutes a fast, late-developing, word identification system which underlies fluent word recognition in skilled readers.
Self-Heating p-Channel Metal–Oxide–Semiconductor Field-Effect Transistors for Reliability Monitoring of Negative-Bias Temperature Instability (2007)

In this paper, we have proposed a comprehensive solution to the reliability monitoring (RM) of negative-bias temperature instability (NBTI), including the self-heating test structure, stress condition determination, and specification calculation. A special test structure, i.e., a p-channel metal–oxide–semiconductor field-effect transistor (pMOSFET) with an embedded polysilicon heater, can be self-heated rapidly by forcing appropriate voltages into the polysilicon heater. For the first time, we exploit the use of the turn-on channel resistance of pMOSFETs to carefully calibrate device temperature by adjusting ambient temperature. The correlation between pMOSFET and metal temperatures is determined for temperature control during NBTI RM. To minimize extra hot-hole generation at a higher stress voltage, carrier separation is used to determine the suitable stress condition. Finally, the NBTI model of lifetime projection is applied to the calculation of the allowable threshold voltage shift specification. The entire measurement of NBTI RM for each device is completed within 3–5 min and also provides a rapid assessment of advanced technologies.
Synthesis and Characterization of Polymeric Soybean Oil-<i>g</i>-Methyl Methacrylate (and <i>n</i>-Butyl Methacrylate) Graft Copolymers:  Biocompatibility and Bacterial Adhesion (2005)

Peroxidation, epoxidation, and/or perepoxidation reactions of soybean oil under air at room temperature resulted in cross-linked polymeric soybean oil peroxides on the surface along with the waxy soluble part, sPSB, with a molecular weight of 4690, containing up to 2.3 wt % peroxide. This soluble polymeric oil peroxide, sPSB, initiated the free radical polymerization of either methyl methacrylate (MMA) or n-butyl methacrylate (nBMA) to give PSB-g-PMMA and PSB-g-PnBMA graft copolymers. The polymers obtained were characterized by (1)H NMR, thermogravimetric analysis, differential scanning calorimetry, and gel permeation chromatography techniques. Polymeric oil as a plasticizer lowered the glass transition of the PSB-g-PMMA graft copolymers. PSB-g-PMMA and PSB-g-PnBMA graft copolymer film samples were also used in cell culture studies. Fibroblast and macrophage cells were strongly adhered and spread on the copolymer film surfaces, which is important in tissue engineering. Bacterial adhesion on PSB-g-PMMA graft copolymer was also studied. Both Staphylococcus epidermidis and Escherichia coli adhered on the graft copolymer better than on homo-PMMA. Furthermore, the latter adhered much better than the former.
Improved joint carrier and sampling frequency offset estimation scheme for OFDM systems (2004)

We present an improved joint carrier and sampling frequency offset estimation (JCSFOE) scheme for OFDM systems. With adaptive weighted carrier frequency offset estimation and compensation, this improved JCSFOE scheme reduces the sensitivity of sampling frequency offset estimation to the intercarrier interference (ICI) caused by carrier frequency offset. Moreover, by carefully combining estimates from several OFDM preambles, more accurate sampling frequency offset estimation is achieved. Effects of sampling frequency offset and frequency selective fading on the improved JCSFOE scheme are analyzed. Simulation results show that the proposed scheme significantly improves the system performance compared with existing methods.
Investigation of the structure of zeolites by solid-state high-resolution silicon-29 NMR spectroscopy (1981)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTInvestigation of the structure of zeolites by solid-state high-resolution silicon-29 NMR spectroscopyE. Lippmaa, M. Maegi, A. Samoson, M. Tarmak, and G. EngelhardtCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1981, 103, 17, 4992–4996Publication Date (Print):August 1, 1981Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 August 1981https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00407a002https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00407a002research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views2476Altmetric-Citations478LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Efficacy, Safety, and Mechanistic Insights of Cotadutide, a Dual Receptor Glucagon-Like Peptide-1 and Glucagon Agonist (2019)

ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT03244800.