gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Improved controller design of Grid Friendly&#x2122; Appliances for primary frequency response (2015)

The Grid Friendly™ Appliance (GFA) controller, developed at Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, was originally designed to autonomously switch off appliances by detecting under-frequency events. In this paper, the feasibility of using the GFA controller to provide primary frequency response is investigated. In particular, the impacts of an important design parameter, i.e., curtailing frequency threshold, on the primary frequency response are carefully analyzed for different situations. In the normal situation, the current method of selecting curtailing frequency thresholds for GFAs is found to be insufficient to guarantee the desired performance especially when the frequency deviation is shallow. In the extreme situations, the power reduction of online GFAs could be so excessive that it can even impact the system frequency negatively. As the first step towards the efforts to make GFAs suitable for providing primary frequency response, the existing controller design is improved by modifying the strategy of selecting curtailing frequency thresholds to ensure the effectiveness of GFAs in the normal situation.
Protocols for the In Silico Design of RNA Nanostructures (2008)

Recent developments in the field of nanobiology have significantly expanded the possibilities for new modalities in the treatment of many diseases, including cancer. Ribonucleic acid (RNA) represents a relatively new molecular material for the development of these biologically oriented nanodevices. In addition, RNA nanobiology presents a relatively new approach for the development of RNA-based nanoparticles that can be used as crystallization substrates and scaffolds for RNA-based nanoarrays. Presented in this chapter are some methodological shaped-based protocols for the design of such RNA nanostructures. Included are descriptions and background materials describing protocols that use a database of three-dimensional RNA structure motifs; designed RNA secondary structure motifs; and a combination of the two approaches. An example is also given illustrating one of the protocols.
Method of making stable UO/sub 2/ fuel pellets (1984)

A method is disclosed for producing a dimensionally stable UO/sub 2/ fuel pellet of large grain mole % and relatively large pore size. A dopant containing an element selected from the group consisting of aluminum, calcium, magnesium, titanium, zirconium, vanadium, niobium, and mixtures thereof is added to a highly sinterable UO/sub 2/ powder, which is a UO/sub 2/ powder that is sinterable to at least 97% theoretical density at 1600/sup 0/C. in one hour, and the UO/sub 2/ powder can then be formed into fuel pellets. Alternatively, the dopant can be added at a step in the process of producing ammonium diuranate. The ammonium diuranate is collected with about 0.05 to about 1.7 mole %, based on UO/sub 2/, of a compound containing said element. That mixture is then calcined to produce UO/sub 2/ and the UO/sub 2/ is formed into a fuel pellet. The addition of the dopant can also be made at the hydrolysis stage in the manufacture of UO/sub 2/ by a dry conversion process.
The see-through medaka: A fish model that is transparent throughout life (2001)

The see-through medaka is a vertebrate model with a transparent body in the adult stage, as well as during the embryonic stages, that was generated from a small laboratory fish, medaka (Oryzias latipes). In this fish model, most of the pigments are genetically removed from the entire body by a combination of recessive alleles at four loci. The main internal organs, namely, heart, spleen, blood vessels, liver, gut, gonads, kidney, brain, spinal cord, lens, air bladder, and gills, in living adult fish are visible to the naked eye or with a simple stereoscopic microscope. This fish is healthy and fertile. A transgenic see-through medaka was produced by using the green fluorescent protein (GFP) gene fused to the regulatory regions of the medaka vasa gene, in which germ cell-specific expression of GFP was visualized. The fluorescent tag also efficiently improved visibility of gonadal tissues. The process of oocyte maturation in the ovary was monitored by repeated observations from the outside of the body during one spawning cycle in the same living females of the transgenic see-through stock. The see-through medaka will provide an opportunity for noninvasive studies of morphological and molecular events that occur in internal organs in the later stages of life.
Learning partitioned least squares filters for fingerprint enhancement (2002)

Fingerprint images contain varying amount of noise because of the limitations of the fingerprint acquisition process. It is often necessary to enhance such noisy fingerprint images so that the features extracted from them are reliable. We propose a novel approach to fingerprint enhancement where a set of filters are learned using the "learn-from-example" paradigm. An expert provides the ground truth information for ridges in a small set of representative fingerprint images. The space of local fingerprint patterns in a small neighborhood is partitioned into a set of expressive yet computationally simple classes. A filter is learnt for each partition by finding the optimal linear mapping (in least-square sense) from the input to the enhanced space. The proposed approach offers distinct performance and speed advantages for a wide variety of fingerprint images.
Microcellular Starch-Based Foams (1996)

Interest has been growing in the development of a new class of foams called microcellular foams. These foams have extremely small cells (<10 μm) and possess unique and useful properties. This chapter discusses some of the important methods for making macroand microcellular polymeric foams and discusses their structural, physical and mechanical properties. Particular emphasis is focused on starch-based foams. Starch can be extrusion processed into foams having relatively large cells. Microcellular starch-based foams can be made using methods originally developed for other polymeric materials. These foams are white, opaque, have densities ranging from 0.10 g/cm3 to 0.32 g/cm3, compressive strengths of 0.22 MPa to 0.97 MPa, and moduli of elasticity from 5.1 MPa to 33 MPa. The microcellular starch-based foams have low thermal conductivity (0.024 W/mK to 0.036 W/mK), large pore volume (0.17 to 0.63cm3/g) and large total surface areas (50 to 145m2/g).
Effect of Reserpine on Milk Production and Serum Prolactin of Cows Hormonally Induced into Lactation (1977)

Two studies were to examine the effect of reserpine administration during hormonally induced lactation on serum prolactin and milk production. Previous investigations have shown reserpine injection causes prolonged elevation of prolactin concentration in serum. Ten animals in study I were given 17/3-estradiol (.1 mg/kg body weight per day)and progesterone (.25 mg/kg body weight per day) on days 1 to 7 and dexamethasone (20 mg/day) on days 18 to 20. Five animals were designated controls, and five were given reserpine (5 mg/day) on days 13 to 16. In study II, nine animals were given injections of 17~3-estradiol, progesterone, and dexamethasone as in study I. Four animals were designated controls and five were given reserpine (5 mg/day) on days 8, 10, 12, and 14. Prolaetin concentrations in serum during estrogen-progesterone injections (days 1 to 7) were below 30 ng/ml. Prolactin increased in control cows on days 14 to 21 but was variable. Prolactin concentrations of reserpine treated groups were elevated during the period of reserpine administration. Both reserpine groups had higher peak milk yields and greater milk production to 100 days than respective controls. Peak milk yields of reserpine groups ranged from 10 to 21 kg/day for study I and 16 to 24 kg/day for If. Results were consistent with hypothesis that prolactin may be limiting in those cows which fail to lactate following the estrogen-progesterone treatment to induce lactation.
Rapid conjugative mobilization of a 100 kb segment of Bacillus subtilis chromosomal DNA is mediated by a helper plasmid with no ability for self-transfer (2018)

The chromosomal DNA mobilization mediated by pLS20catΔoriT will allow us to develop a novel genetic tool for the rapid, easy, and repetitive mobilization of longer DNA segments into a recipient chromosome.
Design of 4-Oxo-1-aryl-1,4-dihydroquinoline-3-carboxamides as Selective Negative Allosteric Modulators of Metabotropic Glutamate Receptor Subtype 2 (2015)

Both orthosteric and allosteric antagonists of the group II metabotropic glutamate receptors (mGlus) have been used to establish a link between mGlu2/3 inhibition and a variety of CNS diseases and disorders. Though these tools typically have good selectivity for mGlu2/3 versus the remaining six members of the mGlu family, compounds that are selective for only one of the individual group II mGlus have proved elusive. Herein we report on the discovery of a potent and highly selective mGlu2 negative allosteric modulator 58 (VU6001192) from a series of 4-oxo-1-aryl-1,4-dihydroquinoline-3-carboxamides. The concept for the design of this series centered on morphing a quinoline series recently disclosed in the patent literature into a chemotype previously used for the preparation of muscarinic acetylcholine receptor subtype 1 positive allosteric modulators. Compound 58 exhibits a favorable profile and will be a useful tool for understanding the biological implications of selective inhibition of mGlu2 in the CNS.
Extraction of Heavy Metals by Amines Adsorbed onto Silica Gel (2003)

Previous work has established the possibility of using known coordinating agents supported on silica gel in the removal of heavy metals such as lead, copper, cadmium, and nickel from aqueous media. Functionalized silica gel has been used in the removal of heavy metals with notable success. Silica gel is currently being used as a support for various monofunctional aliphatic amines as coordinating ligands. The current study reports the results of an investigation involving the use of saturated, straight chain primary amines as coordinating ligands in the removal of copper(II), cadmium(II), lead(II), nickel(II), and silver(I) ions from aqueous solutions of known concentration. Primary amines used in this investigation were n-butylamine, n-hexylamine, n-octylamine, n-decylamine, and n-hexadecylamine.
Axial Ion Focusing in a Miniature Linear Ion Trap (2007)

A novel miniature linear ion trap with a total length of 19 mm and a quadrupole rod length of 15 mm has been fabricated to enable ion focusing in the axial plane (between the end caps). Each end cap includes an inwardly projecting tubular section, which prevents dc fringe fields from penetrating to the center of the miniature linear ion trap and aids in ion extraction. Axial focusing of ion packets to dimensions of less than 1 mm through collisional cooling is predicted and demonstrated in the miniature linear ion trap. Due to this demonstrated collisional cooling, narrow kinetic energy distributions are also illustrated on batch ion extraction as might be useful for ion transfer to enable subsequent mass analysis.
Soybean aphid intrabiotype variability based on colonization of specific soybean genotypes (2014)

The soybean aphid, Aphis glycines Matsumura (Hemiptera: Aphididae), is one of the most destructive insect pests on soybeans in the United States. One method for managing this pest is through host plant resistance. Since its arrival in 2000, 4 aphid biotypes have been identified that are able to overcome soybean aphid resistance (Rag) genes. A soybean aphid isolate collected from Moline, Illinois readily colonized soybean plants with the soybean aphid resistance gene Rag2, unlike biotypes 1 and 2, but similar to soybean aphid biotype 3. Two no-choice experiments compared the virulence of the Moline isolate with biotype 3. In both experiments, differences in aphid population counts were not significant (P > 0.05) on soybean genotypes LD08-12957a (Rag2) and LD11-5413a (Rag2), but the aphid counts for the Moline isolate were significantly (P < 0.05) lower than the aphid counts for the biotype 3 isolate on the soybean genotypes Dowling (Rag1), LD05-16611 (Rag1), LD11-4576a (Rag1), and PI 567598B (rag1b and rag3). The Moline isolate was a variant of aphid biotype 3, which is the first report showing that soybean aphid isolates classified as the same biotype, based on virulence against specific Rag genes, can differ in aggressiveness or ability to colonize specific host genotypes.
Hybrid RSS-AoA technique for 3-D node localization in wireless sensor networks (2015)

We consider 3-D target positioning in noncooperative wireless sensor network (WSN) by employing received signal strength (RSS) and angle-of-arrival (AoA) measurements. Based on the least squares (LS) criterion, we derive a novel objective function for solving the hybrid localization problem. Despite the fact that the resulting optimization problem is non-convex, we show that it can be approximated into a convex problem by applying second-order cone programming (SOCP) relaxation. Moreover, we show that the objective function can be written in the form that belongs to the generalized trust region subproblems (GTRS), which can be solved exactly. Our numerical results exhibit remarkable performance of the new approaches, reducing the estimation error for more than 5 m and 3 m, in comparison to the state-of-the-art approach.
Nonlinear partial volume artifact correction in helical CT (1999)

Partial volume (PV) artifacts occur when a scanned object is partially intruded into the scan plane. Because of the nonlinear effect of the PV, computed tomography (CT) images become unsuitable for diagnosis due to severe shading and streaking artifacts. In this paper, we present an iterative correction algorithm to combat these artifacts in helical scans. The algorithm first identifies potential partial volume objects by examining the object gradient based on multiple half-scan reconstructed images. The projection error is then estimated using a quadratic model. The final image is obtained by removing the error image (reconstructed with the projection error) from the original image. Various experiments were conducted to investigate the robustness and effectiveness of the proposed correction.
An innovative method for low cost, autonomous navigation for low Earth orbit satellites (1998)

An innovative approach to autonomous attitude, trajectory, and rate estimation is presented for low earth orbit (LEO) satellites which relies on magnetometers and sun sensors. These two sensors are reliable, inexpensive, and are used routinely in LEO missions for attitude determination and control. An extended Kalman filter (EKF) is developed from two existing systems, one which uses an EKF to estimate attitude and trajectory using magnetometer and gyro data and a second pseudo-linear filter which estimates rotation rate using magnetometer and sun sensor data. The theoretical background of the combined system is presented along with test results from noisy, simulated sensor data.
Neurexin Iα Is a Major α-Latrotoxin Receptor That Cooperates in α-Latrotoxin Action (1998)

alpha-Latrotoxin is a potent neurotoxin from black widow spider venom that binds to presynaptic receptors and causes massive neurotransmitter release. A surprising finding was the biochemical description of two distinct cell surface proteins that bind alpha-latrotoxin with nanomolar affinities; Neurexin I alpha binds alpha-latrotoxin in a Ca(2+)-dependent manner, and CIRL/latrophilin binds in a Ca(2+)-independent manner. We have now generated and analyzed mice that lack neurexin I alpha to test its importance in alpha-latrotoxin action. alpha-Latrotoxin binding to brain membranes from mutant mice was decreased by almost 50% compared with wild type membranes; the decrease was almost entirely due to a loss of Ca(2+)-dependent alpha-latrotoxin binding sites. In cultured hippocampal neurons, alpha-latrotoxin was still capable of activating neurotransmission in the absence of neurexin I alpha. Direct measurements of [3H]glutamate release from synaptosomes, however, showed a major decrease in the amount of release triggered by alpha-latrotoxin in the presence of Ca2+. Thus neurexin I alpha is not essential for alpha-latrotoxin action but contributes to alpha-latrotoxin action when Ca2+ is present. Viewed as a whole, our results show that mice contain two distinct types of alpha-latrotoxin receptors with similar affinities and abundance but different properties and functions. The action of alpha-latrotoxin may therefore be mediated by independent parallel pathways, of which the CIRL/latrophilin pathway is sufficient for neurotransmitter release, whereas the neurexin I alpha pathway contributes to the Ca(2+)-dependent action of alpha-latrotoxin.
Operation-aware buffer management in flash-based systems (2011)

The inherent asymmetry of read and write speeds of flash memory poses great challenges for buffer management design. Most of existing flash-based buffer management policies adopt disk-oriented strategies by giving a specific priority to dirty pages, while not fully exploiting the characteristics of the flash memory. In this paper, we propose a novel buffer replacement algorithm named FOR, which stands for Flash-based Operation-aware buffer Replacement. The core idea of FOR is based on novel operation-aware page weight determination for buffer replacement. The weight metric not only measures the locality of read/write operations on a page, but also takes the cost difference of read/write operations into account. We further develop an efficient implementation FOR+ with the time complexity of O(1) for each operation. Experiments on synthetic and benchmark traces demonstrate the efficiency of the proposed strategy, which yields better performance compared with some state-of-the-art flash-based buffer management policies.
Hydrogels as an Emerging Material Platform for Solar Water Purification (2019)

Growing concern over water scarcity leads to increased research interest in advanced water purification technologies. Solar water purification, which uses solar energy to separate water and impurities through vaporization, enables the utilization of sustainable energy and potential freshwater resources to alleviate water scarcity. However, the essential process of solar water evaporation to remove impurities is energy intensive. Insufficient solar absorption and thermal loss limited the vapor generation rate and, thus, lowered the purified water yield. Diffuse natural sunlight cannot satisfy the intrinsic energy demand for rapid water vaporization. Therefore, developing new material platforms that can simultaneously provide high solar absorption, effective energy utilization, and low energy demand for water vaporization to achieve highly efficient solar water purification under natural sunlight is anticipated. In this Account, we review our recent progress on hydrogel-based evaporators for solar water purification in terms of material selection, molecular engineering, and structural design. First, we introduce the unique water state in hydrogels consisting of free, intermediate, and bound water, of which intermediate water has a reduced energy demand for water evaporation. Then, we describe the design principles of hydrogel-based solar evaporators, where the polymeric networks are tailored to regulate the water state. The water state in hydrogels defines the vaporization behavior of water. Thus, the polymer networks of hydrogels can be architected to tune the water state and, hence, to further reduce the evaporation enthalpy of water. Armed with fundamental gelation chemistry, we discuss synthetic strategies of hydrogels for efficient vapor generation. By incorporating solar absorbers with hydrophilic polymer networks, solar energy is harvested and converted to heat energy, which can be in situ utilized to power the vaporization of contained water in the molecular meshes, and the solar absorbers having strong interaction with hydrogels guide the formation of microstructure to reduce the energy loss and ensure adequate water transport of evaporative water. Regulating the vaporizing fronts, engineering the surface of hydrogels has been focused to favor the evaporationof water to further enhance the solar-to-vapor efficiency. By using hydrophilic polymers as building blocks, the hydrogel-based solar evaporators have also been endowed with multiple functionalities, such as antifouling, permselectivity, and thermal responsiveness, to improve water collection and purification abilities. Taking advantages of these merits, hydrogels have emerged as a promising materials platform to enable efficient solar water purification under natural sunlight. This Account serves to promote future efforts toward practical purification systems using hydrogel-based solar evaporators to mitigate water scarcity by improving their performance, scalability, stability, and sustainability.
In vitro and in vivo anticancer efficacy of unconjugated humanised anti-CEA monoclonal antibodies (2008)

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Evaluation the effect of voltage sags due to grid balance and unbalance faults on DFIG wind turbines (2009)

This paper demonstrated the dynamic behavior of DFIG wind turbine during grid balance and unbalance faults by using simulation results, the effect of voltage sag on DFIG wind turbine is discussed through comparing of the different voltage sag depth in a type of fault lengthways and comparing one type of fault with another breadthwise. The response characteristics of DFIG wind turbine under PCC voltage sags are summarized by a typical example. Finally it is clear that some countermeasures on the rotor side convertor or the stator side must be taken into account for DFIG wind turbine ride through PCC extreme voltage sag.
Porous graphene oxide chemi-capacitor vapor sensor array (2017)

A new type of cross-selective gas sensor has been developed, based on a vapor-induced capacitance modulation of chemically-functionalized porous graphene oxide (pGO).
Experimental investigations on coprime microphone arrays for direction-of-arrival estimation (2014)

Linear microphone arrays are powerful tools for determining the direction of a sound source. Traditionally, uniform linear arrays (ULA) have inter-element spacing of half of the wavelength in question. This produces the narrowest possible beam without introducing grating lobes—a form of aliasing governed by the spatial Nyquist theorem. Grating lobes are often undesirable because they make direction of arrival indistinguishable among their passband angles. Exploiting coprime number theory, however, an array can be arranged sparsely with fewer total elements, exceeding the aforementioned spatial sampling limit separation. Two sparse ULA sub-arrays with coprime number of elements, when nested properly, each produce narrow grating lobes that overlap with one another exactly in just one direction. By combining the sub-array outputs it is possible to retain the shared beam while mostly canceling the other superfluous grating lobes. This work implements two coprime microphone arrays with different lengths and sub-array spacings. Experimental beam patterns are shown to correspond with simulated results even at frequencies above and below the array’s design frequency. Side lobes in the directional pattern are inversely correlated with bandwidth of analyzed signals.
In vivo generation of functional tissues using the inkjet printing technology for reconstructive surgery (2010)

Zhao, Weixin MD; Xu, Tao PhD; Aboushwareb, Tamer MD, PhD; Atala, Anthony MD, FACS; Yoo, James MD, PhD Author Information