gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Expansin Mode of Action on Cell Walls (Analysis of Wall Hydrolysis, Stress Relaxation, and Binding) (1995)

The biochemical mechanisms underlying cell wall expansion in plants have long been a matter of conjecture. Previous work in our laboratory identified two proteins (named "expansins") that catalyze the acid-induced extension of isolated cucumber cell walls. Here we examine the mechanism of expansin action with three approaches. First, we report that expansins did not alter the molecular mass distribution or the viscosity of solutions of matrix polysaccharides. We conclude that expansins do not hydrolyze the major pectins or hemicelluloses of the cucumber wall. Second, we investigated the effects of expansins on stress relaxation of isolated walls. These studies show that expansins account for the pH-sensitive and heat-labile components of wall stress relaxation. In addition, these experiments show that expansins do not cause a progressive weakening of the walls, as might be expected from the action of a hydrolase. Third, we studied the binding of expansins to the cell wall and its components. The binding characteristics are consistent with this being the site of expansin action. We found that expansins bind weakly to crystalline cellulose but that this binding is greatly increased upon coating the cellulose with various hemicelluloses. Xyloglucan, either solubilized or as a coating on cellulose microfibrils, was not very effective as a binding substrate. Expansins were present in growing cell walls in low quantities (approximately 1 part in 5000 on a dry weight basis), suggesting that they function catalytically. We conclude that expansins bind at the interface between cellulose microfibrils and matrix polysaccharides in the wall and induce extension by reversibly disrupting noncovalent bonds within this polymeric network. Our results suggest that a minor structural component of the matrix, other than pectin and xyloglucan, plays an important role in expansin binding to the wall and, presumably, in expansin action.
Language models conditioned on dialog state (2001)

We consider various techniques for using the state of the dialog in language modeling. The language models we built were for use in an automated airline travel reservation system. The techniques that we explored include (1) linear interpolation with state specific models and (2) incorporating state information using maximum entropy techniques. We also consider using the system prompt as part of the language model history. We show that using state results in about a relative gain in perplexity and about a percent relative gain in word error rate over a system using a language model with no information of the state.
Ferromagnetic Microswimmers (2008)

We propose a model for a novel artificial low Reynolds number swimmer, based on the magnetic interactions of a pair of ferromagnetic particles: one with hard and the other with soft magnetic properties, connected by a linear spring. Using a computational model, we analyze the behavior of the system and demonstrate that for realistic values of the parameters involved, the swimmer is capable of self-propelling with average speeds of the order of hundreds of micrometers per second.
A Dual-Element Dual-Band MIMO Antenna System With Enhanced Isolation for Mobile Terminals (2012)

A novel dual-band 4-shaped printed multiple-input-multiple-output (MIMO) antenna system of two elements is designed and fabricated for Long Term Evolution (LTE) wireless handheld and portable terminals. The low frequency band covered is 803-823 MHz, and the high frequency band covered is 2440-2900 MHz. The isolation between the two elements was more than 17 dB in the low band after using a defected ground plane structure (DGS) between the two antenna elements. The overall size of the printed MIMO antenna system was 50× 100×1.56 mm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3</sup> .
Determining Maximum Allowable Rubber Stopper Displacement for Container Closure Integrity (CCI) (2020)

Sterile pharmaceuticals require they be developed and manufactured using suitable container closure systems to maintain sterility until product opening. Characterizing container closure integrity (CCI) in relation to rubber stopper displacement was controversially discussed during the Annex 1 revision process. An automated inspection system can reject units with displaced rubber stoppers, and the related acceptance criteria for such in-process testing can be established by adequate studies. In this manuscript, we describe a novel helium leak CCI testing method to study the relation of rubber stopper displacement and CCI. Ten different commonly used vial-rubber stopper combinations were characterized, which led to robust test results. Pronounced differences between the different vial-rubber stopper combinations were observed, clearly showing that the combination of different stoppers, vials, and caps led to significant differences in allowable stopper displacement for routine manufacture.
Polysaccharides as Precipitants in Protein Crystallization for X-Ray Diffraction Studies (2011)

A novel polysaccharide-based method for protein crystallization has been developed for industrial purposes. In this paper, we describe the application of this new method in crystal growth for X-ray diffraction structural studies of proteins. We have tested the crystallization of three commercially available proteins—lysozyme, xylose isomerase, and xylanase—and of two research targets—the amphiphilic protein hydrophobins HFBI and HFBII—on the polysaccharides alginate, chitosan, pectin, and dextrin, and enzymatic hydrolysates of alginate and pectin. With the use of polysaccharides, we managed to grow crystals of each protein. Crystals of lysozyme, xylose isomerase, and xylanase were suitable for X-ray diffraction studies on the basis of size, shape, and diffraction tests. Data were collected on xylanase crystals, and the structure was refined to ensure that the polysaccharide has no effect on structure determination. Both hydrophobins also yielded crystals suitable for X-ray analysis, once a suitable additive was used in combination with the polysaccharide. Thus, we conclude that this novel method is applicable also in protein structural studies. We suggest that the underlying phenomena in crystallization with polysaccharides is the formation of a polysaccharide−protein phase where the phase boundary acts as the initiation point for crystal formation.
<title>Color change method for objects in images</title> (1992)

The color change method we developed uses a reflection model on the object's surface and constructs a new color mixture model for the object-background boundary to help preserve the natural appearance of the objects involved. The reflection model is based on object color, illumination, and surface reflection. While the object color can be changed while preserving the reflection, however, a problem occurs that makes the boundary color appear discontinuous and the object edge overly prominent. When images are digitized, light from the object and the background mix at the boundary, so the object merges naturally into the background. To solve the problem and preserve the naturalness as the original, we propose a boundary-color mixture model that maintains the color blending ratio of the original image and avoids color- related changes in the boundary smoothness.
Polymorphic expression of a human superficial bladder tumor antigen defined by mouse monoclonal antibodies. (1987)

Three mouse monoclonal antibodies (mAbs), which define a highly restricted antigen, were obtained by simultaneous immunizations with superficial papillary bladder tumor cells and mouse polyclonal serum against normal urothelium. The antigen was detected by the avidin/biotin/peroxidase method in 30/44 superficial bladder tumors (68%) but in only 4/27 infiltrating urothelial cancers (with much less intensity). No normal adult or fetal tissues tested expressed the antigen, including normal urothelium from 40 individuals, 13 of whom had a bladder tumor positive for the antigen. Only 1 of 45 nonbladder tumors showed some reactivity with one of the three mAbs. Serological tests on a large panel of human cancer cell lines and normal cultured cells were negative. The antigen is highly stable and well preserved on paraffin-embedded tissues. Electrophoretic transfer blot experiments with fresh tumor extracts showed that all three mAbs react with a determinant on a component of 300,000 Mr (pI 9.5) and 62,000 Mr (pI 6.5). The antigen shows polymorphic expression at the cellular level on tissue sections and also at a molecular level on immunoblots where the two bands are differentially detected on extracts of a series of tumors but are not visualized on normal urothelium extracts. The characteristics of this antigenic system suggest that it may provide some insights about the biology of bladder cancer. Specific detection of the antigen on 70% of superficial bladder tumors with normal cytology may be useful for their diagnosis and follow-up.
Radiation Augmented Combustion. (1978)

Abstract : Radiative initiation and enhancement of combustion in unsensitized fuel-air mixtures via the photodissociation of oxygen molecules and combustion intermediary species are being investigated. Pulsed VUV (vacuum ultraviolet) light sources and continuous UV (ultraviolet) light sources are being used for this purpose. Experimental efforts are directed at elucidation of light source conversion efficiency and spectral characteristics, and reactant mixture-photon interactions. A complementary effort involves the development of analytical capability required for modeling photochemical initiation and enhancement of combustion. (Author)
A prospective randomized double-blind controlled trial to evaluate the efficacy of an analgesic epidural paste following lumbar decompressive surgery (1999)

Application of an analgesic paste directly to the epidural space during lumbar decompressive surgery significantly improves postoperative pain control, reduces prescribed analgesic drug consumption, and improves overall health perception for up to 6 weeks following surgery. The authors conclude that this postoperative pain control strategy is both effective and safe and may provide a new standard of pain management in patients undergoing lumbar discectomy or laminectomy.
A Volumetric Approach to Point Cloud Compression—Part I: Attribute Compression (2019)

Compression of point clouds has so far been confined to coding the positions of a discrete set of points in space and the attributes of those discrete points. We introduce an alternative approach based on volumetric functions, which are functions defined not just on a finite set of points, but throughout space. As in regression analysis, volumetric functions are continuous functions that are able to interpolate values on a finite set of points as linear combinations of continuous basis functions. Using a B-spline wavelet basis, we are able to code volumetric functions representing both geometry and attributes. Geometry compression is addressed in Part II of this paper, while attribute compression is addressed in Part I. Attributes are represented by a volumetric function whose coefficients can be regarded as a critically sampled orthonormal transform that generalizes the recent successful region-adaptive hierarchical (or Haar) transform to higher orders. Experimental results show that attribute compression using higher order volumetric functions is an improvement over the first order functions used in the emerging MPEG Point Cloud Compression standard.
An adaptive voice playout method for VOP applications (2002)

We propose an adaptive voice playout method for handling network delay jitter in voice over packet (VOP) receivers. Our method allows playout delay increase during both silence periods and active speech; however, it allows playout delay decrease during silence periods only. Since the playout delay is increased during active speech, a speech extension algorithm is required. Therefore we have developed a novel, voicing-classification based speech extension algorithm for CELP speech coders. Though the complementary speech truncation algorithm is not needed for our adaptive playout mechanism, it is suitable for applications such as voice synchronization with other media.
<title>Photochemical delineation of waveguides in polymeric thin films</title> (1991)

Polymeric materials that exhibit a controlled change in refractive index upon irradiation with UV light are promising candidates for the development of polymeric optical interconnects. We have demonstrated that polymers containing nitrone functional groups can be spatially patterned for single-mode waveguide devices using both laser direct writing and traditional photolithographic techniques.
Gd[sub 0.2]Ce[sub 0.8]O[sub 1.9]-Y[sub 0.08]Sr[sub 0.88]Ti[sub 0.95]Al[sub 0.05]O[sub 3+δ] Composite Mixed Conductors for Hydrogen Separation (2005)

A new approach to separate hydrogen using oxygen ion and electron/hole mixed conductors has been proposed and is being currently investigated. In this approach, oxygen from steam diffuses across the membrane as ions through coupled transport with electrons/holes, resulting in conversion of the steam into hydrogen. Methane reformation by the transported oxygen occurs on the other side of the membrane. While doped lanthanum strontium cobalt iron oxides possess high mixed conductivity under relatively oxidizing conditions, they do not sustain these conductivities under relatively reducing conditions. Further, they are unstable under the relatively reducing conditions expected to prevail on both sides of the membrane in the current process. A new dual-phase composite mixed ionic and electronic conducting (MIEC) membrane, comprised of doped ceria, an excellent oxygen-ion conductor, and doped strontium titanate, an excellent electronic conductor, has been developed. This dual-phase composite is stable in very reducing conditions and suitable for application in the proposed hydrogen separation process. The physical and electrical characterization of the composite comprising doped ceria and doped strontium titanate has been investigated in this study.
WOAD: Weakly Supervised Online Action Detection in Untrimmed Videos (2020)

Online action detection in untrimmed videos aims to identify an action as it happens, which makes it very important for real-time applications. Previous methods rely on tedious annotations of temporal action boundaries for training, which hinders the scalability of online action detection systems. We propose WOAD, a weakly supervised framework that can be trained using only video-class labels. WOAD contains two jointly-trained modules, i.e., temporal proposal generator (TPG) and online action recognizer (OAR). Supervised by video-class labels, TPG works offline and targets at accurately mining pseudo frame-level labels for OAR. With the supervisory signals from TPG, OAR learns to conduct action detection in an online fashion. Experimental results on THUMOS'14, ActivityNet1.2 and ActivityNet1.3 show that our weakly-supervised method largely outperforms weakly-supervised baselines and achieves comparable performance to the previous strongly-supervised methods. Beyond that, WOAD is flexible to leverage strong supervision when it is available. When strongly supervised, our method obtains the state-of-the-art results in the tasks of both online per-frame action recognition and online detection of action start.
Herpes Simplex Virus Infection of Dendritic Cells: Balance among Activation, Inhibition, and Immunity (2003)

Several lines of evidence suggest that dendritic cells (DCs), the most potent antigen-presenting cells known, play a role in the immunological control of herpes simplex virus (HSV) infections. HSV infection of DCs induced submaximal maturation, but DCs failed to mature further in response to lipopolysaccharide (LPS). LPS induced interleukin (IL)-12 secretion, and the induction of primary and secondary T cell responses were impaired by infection. Ultimately, DC infection resulted in delayed, asynchronous apoptotic cell death. However, infected DCs induced HSV recall responses in some individuals. Furthermore, soluble factors secreted by DCs after infection induced DC maturation and primed for IL-12 secretion after LPS stimulation. These data support a pathogenetic model of HSV infection, in which initial delay in the generation of immune responses to HSV at peripheral sites is mediated by disruption of DC function but is overcome by bystander DC maturation and cross-presentation of HSV antigens.
(Methoxyalkyl)thiazoles: a new series of potent, selective, and orally active 5-lipoxygenase inhibitors displaying high enantioselectivity (1991)

(Methoxyalkyl)thiazoles are novel 5-lipoxygenase (5-LPO) inhibitors that are neither redox agents nor iron chelators. Consideration of a hypothetical model of the enzyme active site led to this series which is exemplified by 1-[3-(naphth-2-ylmethoxy)phenyl]-1-(thiazol-2-yl)propy l methyl ether (2d, ICI211965). 2d inhibits cell-free guinea pig 5-LPO activity, LTC4 synthesis in plasma free mouse macrophages, and LTB4 synthesis in rat and human blood (IC50s 0.1 microM, 8 nM, 0.5 microM, and 0.4 microM, respectively) but does not inhibit the synthesis of cyclooxygenase products at concentrations up to 50 microM in macrophages and 100 microM in blood. 2d is orally active in rat (ex vivo ED50 10 mg/kg in blood taken in 1 h after dosing). SAR studies show that high in vitro potency requires methoxy, thiazolyl, and naphthyl groups and depends critically on the substitution pattern. (Methoxyalkyl)thiazoles are chiral. Resolution of 1-methoxy-6-(naphth-2-ylmethoxy)-1-(thiazol-2-yl)indan (2j, ICI216800) shows that (+)-2j is 50-150-fold more potent than (-)-2j in in vitro assays. Thus, (methoxyalkyl)thiazoles are a new series of orally active, selective 5-LPO inhibitors and represent the first class of inhibitors in which inhibition is mediated by specific, enantioselective interactions with the enzyme.
Automated Design of Network Services from Network Service Requirements (2020)

The ETSI Network Function Virtualization (NFV) has defined the NFV Management and Orchestration (NFV-MANO) framework and a set of concepts for the rapid provisioning, deployment, and management of Network Services (NSs). To do so the NFV-MANO expects as input a description of the NS. Thus, one has to come up with the design of the NS and its descriptor, which contains all the details required for the deployment and management of the NS. In this paper, we propose an approach for automating the design of NSs. The approach starts with NS Requirements (NSReq) - an intent that describes the requested service at a high level of abstraction focusing on its functional, non-functional and/or architectural characteristics. With the help of a Network Function (NF) ontology, which captures the knowledge about NSs, NFs and their relations from past designs and possibly standards, we transform the NSReq through successive steps to a level where Virtual Network Functions (VNFs) can be selected from a VNF catalog and put together in VNF Forwarding Graphs (VNFFGs) to form a NS, which is then dimensioned and tailored according to the non-functional requirements.
7-trans-(2-Pyridylethenyl)-5H-thiazolo[3,2-a]pyrimidine-5-ones: synthesis and pharmacological activity. (1985)

A series of 7-trans-(2-pyridylethenyl)-5H-thiazolo[3,2-a]pyrimidine-5-ones was synthesized and evaluated for their pharmacological activity. Some compounds were found to be effective in inhibiting restraint ulcers in the rat. Two of them also showed interesting antiinflammatory activity.
A Convenient Rabbit Model of Ocular Epithelium Damage Induced by Osmotic Dehydration (2003)

Dry eye is an ocular disease clinically associated with corneal epithelium damage and arises acutely or chronically from dehydration of the ocular surface. We provide herein a novel in vivo model of corneal epithelium damage, in which the corneal surface was entirely covered with a sugar powder to provoke the rapid removal of corneal surface liquid. In this animal model, such corneal damage as can be fluorometrically detected was observed immediately after 20-minute hyperosmotic treatment, reached a maximum 6 hours later, and then gradually declined to complete recovery at Hour 126. Recovery of the damaged corneas produced by hyperosmotic stress was significantly accelerated by treatment with 0.1% sodium hyaluronate, a dry eye remedy in Japan. Thinning or partial erosion of the epithelial cell layers was histopathologically demonstrated in and around the sugar powder-applied area but the posterior stromal cell layer remained intact, indicating that the present rabbit in vivo model may be used to conveniently screen therapeutics against acute ocular diseases with corneal epithelium damage. In addition, microscopic observations of TUNEL-stained thin-sections of the damaged corneas indicated that apoptotic cell death, but not any inflammatory reactions, may be at least partially responsible for the hyperosmolarity-induced destruction of the corneal epithelium.
Combination Therapy with Epidermal Growth Factor and Gastrin Induces Neogenesis of Human Islet β-Cells from Pancreatic Duct Cells and an Increase in Functional β-Cell Mass (2005)

Pancreatic islet transplantation is a viable treatment for type 1 diabetes, but is limited by human donor tissue availability. The combination of epidermal growth factor (EGF) and gastrin induces islet beta-cell neogenesis from pancreatic exocrine duct cells in rodents. In this study we investigated whether EGF and gastrin could expand the beta-cell mass in adult human isolated islets that contain duct as well as endocrine cells. Human islet cells were cultured for 4 wk in serum-free medium (control) or in medium with EGF (0.3 mug/ml), gastrin (1.0 mug/ml), or the combination of EGF and gastrin. beta-Cell numbers were increased in cultures with EGF plus gastrin (+118%) and with EGF (+81%), but not in cultures with gastrin (-3%) or control medium (-62%). After withdrawal of EGF and gastrin and an additional 4 wk in control medium, beta-cell numbers continued to increase only in cultures previously incubated with both EGF and gastrin (+232%). EGF plus gastrin also significantly increased cytokeratin 19-positive duct cells (+678%) in the cultures. Gastrin, alone or in combination with EGF, but not EGF alone, increased the expression of pancreatic and duodenal homeobox factor-1 as well as insulin and C peptide in the cytokeratin 19-positive duct cells. Also, EGF plus gastrin significantly increased beta-cells and insulin content in human islets implanted in immunodeficient nonobese diabetic-severe combined immune deficiency mice as well as insulin secretory responses of the human islet grafts to glucose challenge. In conclusion, combination therapy with EGF and gastrin increases beta-cell mass in adult human pancreatic islets in vitro and in vivo, and this appears to result from the induction of beta-cell neogenesis from pancreatic exocrine duct cells.