gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
An early system-level thermal analysis methodology for advanced electronic subsystems (2018)

Growing markets like automotive, IoT and networking are pushing the reliability requirements of electronic components present in them to extreme levels. Such applications require specialized ASICs (Application Specific Integrated Circuits) to process of huge amounts of data in extreme environments over extended periods of time, or for almost continuous use over shorter periods. While predicting the functional behavior of such complex System on Chip (SoC) and systems requires significant verification effort with help of extensive simulations and emulations, power-thermal reliability is another key area of focus for such applications. In this paper, we describe a methodology where we can leverage the functional simulation and emulation data to perform fast power profiling and describe how this can further be used to perform transient thermal analysis in complex SoCs. This data can then be used for guiding the physical design of the SoC, optimizing the software stack and estimate the cooling requirements for the entire system.
The JPL Sensor Webs Project: Fielded Technology (2003)

As defined in the NASA Tech Brief [1], the Sensor Web is a dynamic infrastructure for sensors that provides a pervasive, continuous, embedded monitoring presence. By synthesizing information collected over large spatial areas, the Sensor Web obtains an environmental selfawareness. This innovation will revolutionize the way we explore, monitor, and control environments and will impact such diverse areas as planetary preservation, spacecraft infrastructure, and extraterrestrial exploration. The Sensor Web is unique since data gathered by one pod are both shared and used by other pods. Sharply contrasting typical sensor networks, a Sensor Web does not purposefully route or focus information towards the end-user. Consequently, each sensor pod matters to all its neighbors resulting in a global perception and purpose for the instrument as a whole (unlike in a simple distributed network). Since there is no distinction between instructions originating from either the endusers or other pods within the system, the Sensor Web is both a field-programmable and self-adapting instrument. This paper will focus on various systems that have been deployed in a variety of environments including Antarctica, the Florida coast, Southern California, and a simulated Rain Forrest. Real-time, streaming data from several of these deployments may be viewed at http://sensorwebs.jpl.nasa.gov. Opportunities for infusing this technology into future mission planning will be discussed.
Eliminating crosstalk in thin-film transistor/liquid-crystal displays (1989)

Liquid-crystal displays addressed by thin-film transistors are subject to crosstalk associated with parasitic capacitances. An addressing technique that provides compensation for crosstalk, eliminating its visible effects, is described. Each row-addressing time interval is subdivided into two intervals, one of which is used for normal data transfer into the row. During the other subinterval, all gates are inactive, and a compensation voltage that is complementary to the data voltage for the row being addressed is applied to each column. This technique does, however, require a factor-of-two increase in bandwidth or switching speeds.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Shaped silicon wafers obtained by hot plastic deformation: performance evaluation for future astronomical x-ray telescopes (2009)

In order to develop lightweight and high angular resolution x-ray mirrors, we have investigated hot plastic deformation of 4 in. silicon (111) wafers. A sample wafer was deformed using hemispherical dies with a curvature radius of 1000 mm. The measured radius of the deformed wafer was 1030 mm, suggesting that further conditioning is indispensable for better shaping. For the first time to our knowledge, x-ray reflection on a deformed wafer was detected at Al K(alpha) 1.49 keV. An estimated surface roughness of <1 nm from the x-ray reflection profile was comparable to that of a bare silicon wafer without deformation. Hence, no significant degradation of the microroughness was seen.
Compressive sensing for blind NBI mitigation in UWB systems (2013)

Ultra-wideband (UWB) radios are candidates for high data rate and power-constrained applications such as wireless sensor and body area networks. Compressive sensing (CS) is a promising signal processing solution which can reduce the sampling requirements as well as avoid the narrowband interference (NBI) in UWB systems by utilizing the sparsity of the transmitted signal. In this paper, we investigate the BER performance for mitigation of multiple NBI in CS based UWB systems. Simulation shows that at high signal to interference ration (SIR), the performance enhances as the bandwidth of the NBI increases. As the UWB signal's bandwidth increases, the number of the notched measurements lessens and we preserve the important information about the transmitted pulse. Additionally, the bandwidth occupied by the NBI relative to the center frequency of the transmitted pulse determines the amount of the degradation in the performance. In addition, the paper studies the impact of the transmitted pulse shape.
Design Methodology For Optimizing Gate Driven ESD Protection Circuits In Submicron Cmos Processes (1997)

This report describes the design methodology for gate driven NMOS ESD protection in submicron CMOS processes. A new PNP Driven NMOS (PDNMOS) protection scheme has been presented. Without requiring any additional process steps or introducing any additional impedance in signal path, the PDNMOS is effective even for small analog/mixed-signal designs. SPICE simulation is used to optimize the design. High ESD performance of PDNMOS protection in both non-silicided and silicided submicron processes has been demonstrated.
Polymeric Quaternary Ammonium Compounds: Versatile Antimicrobial Materials (2016)

Polymeric Quaternary Ammonium Compounds (polyQACs) comprise a broad class of materials with applications in medical implants, food processing, and surface sanitizing, amongst many others. These polymeric substances are especially promising due to their potent antibacterial activity and limited hemolytic toxicity. In particular, many polyQACs have superior therapeutic indices and a lower likelihood of developing antibacterial resistance in comparison to their monomers, making them ideal materials for wound dressings, catheters, and other biomedical applications. This review outlines the history and development, previous successes, current state of the research, and future directions of polyQACs in society.
A Linguistic Perspective on Radar Micro-Doppler Analysis of American Sign Language (2020)

Although users of American Sign Language (ASL) comprise a significant minority in the U.S. and Canada, people in the Deaf community have been unable to benefit from many new technologies, which depend upon vocalized speech, and are designed for hearing individuals. While video has led to tremendous advances in ASL recognition, concerns over invasion of privacy have limited its use for in-home smart environments. This work presents initial work on the use of RF sensors, which can protect user privacy, for the purpose of ASL recognition. The new offerings of 2D/3D RF data representations and optical flow are presented. The fractal complexity of ASL is shown to be greater than that of daily activities - a relationship consistent with linguistic analysis conducted using video.
Characterisation of a Novel Anti-CD52 Antibody with Improved Efficacy and Reduced Immunogenicity (2015)

Anti-CD52 therapy has been shown to be effective in the treatment of a number of B cell malignancies, hematopoietic disorders and autoimmune diseases (including rheumatoid arthritis and multiple sclerosis); however the current standard of treatment, the humanized monoclonal antibody alemtuzumab, is associated with the development of anti-drug antibodies in a high proportion of patients. In order to address this problem, we have identified a novel murine anti-CD52 antibody which has been humanized using a process that avoids the inclusion within the variable domains of non-human germline MHC class II binding peptides and known CD4+ T cell epitopes, thus reducing its potential for immunogenicity in the clinic. The resultant humanized antibody, ANT1034, was shown to have superior binding to CD52 expressing cells than alemtuzumab and was more effective at directing both antibody dependent and complement dependent cell cytotoxicity. Furthermore, when in the presence of a cross-linking antibody, ANT1034 was more effective at directly inducing apoptosis than alemtuzumab. ANT1034 also showed superior activity in a SCID mouse/human CD52 tumour xenograft model where a single 1 mg/Kg dose of ANT1034 led to increased mouse survival compared to a 10 mg/Kg dose of alemtuzumab. Finally, ANT1034 was compared to alemtuzumab in in vitro T cell assays in order to evaluate its potential to stimulate proliferation of T cells in peripheral blood mononuclear cells derived from a panel of human donors: whereas alemtuzumab stimulated proliferation in a high proportion of the donor cohort, ANT1034 did not stimulate proliferation in any of the donors. Therefore we have developed a candidate therapeutic humanized antibody, ANT1034, that may have the potential to be more efficacious and less immunogenic than the current standard anti-CD52 therapy.
Higher order polarization mode dispersion compensation using a fixed time delay followed by a variable time delay (2001)

We propose and analyze a higher order polarization mode dispersion (PMD) compensator using a fixed differential group delay (DGD) section followed by a variable section. The performance limits of various PMD compensators are quantified and compared using dynamic PMD tracking. Compared with existing compensators with a single fixed DGD, the proposed compensator improves an nonreturn-to-zero 10-Gb/s link tolerance to average PMD from 28 to 44 ps. Alternatively, the tolerance increases to only 36 ps using a compensator with two fixed-DGD sections.
Optically-undistorted digital holographic microscopy for quantitative phase-contrast imaging (2011)

We propose a telecentric architecture for circumventing, by a pure-optical method, the residual phase distortion inherent to standard configuration of digital holographic microscopy (DHM). With this proposal there is no need for computer compensation of the parabolic phase during the phase map recovering procedure. Futhermore, in off-axis configuration, the spatial frequency useful domain is enlarged. The validity of the method is demonstrated by performing quantitative measurements of depth differences.
Impact of flash memory on video-on-demand storage (2011)

There is no doubt that video-on-demand (VoD) services are very popular these days. However, disk storage is a serious bottleneck limiting the scalability of a VoD server. Disk throughput degrades dramatically due to seek time overhead when the server is called upon to serve a large number of simultaneous video streams. To address the performance problem of disk, buffer cache algorithms that utilize RAM have been proposed. Interval caching is a state-of-the-art caching algorithm for a VoD server. Flash Memory Solid-State Drive (SSD) is a relatively new storage technology. Its excellent random read performance, low power consumption, and sharply dropping cost per gigabyte are opening new opportunities to efficiently use the device for enterprise systems. On the other hand, it has deficiencies such as poor small random write performance and limited number of erase operations. In this paper, we analyze tradeoffs and potential impact that flash memory SSD can have for a VoD server. Performance of various commercially available flash memory SSD models is studied. We find that low-end flash memory SSD provides better performance than the high-end one while costing less than the high-end one when the I/O request size is large, which is typical for a VoD server. Because of the wear problem and asymmetric read/write performance of flash memory SSD, we claim that interval caching cannot be used with it. Instead, we propose using file-level Least Frequently Used (LFU) due to the highly skewed video access pattern of the VoD workload. We compare the performance of interval caching with RAM and file-level LFU with flash memory by simulation experiments. In addition, from the cost-effectiveness analysis of three different storage configurations, we find that flash memory with hard disk drive is the most cost-effective solution compared to DRAM with hard disk drive or hard disk drive only.
Novel Production of Bovine Papillomavirus Pseudovirions in Tobacco Plants (2020)

Vaccine efficacy requires the production of neutralising antibodies which offer protection against the native virus. The current gold standard for determining the presence of neutralising antibodies is the pseudovirion-based neutralisation assay (PBNA). PBNAs utilise pseudovirions (PsVs), structures which mimic native virus capsids, but contain non-viral nucleic material. PsVs are currently produced in expensive cell culture systems, which limits their production, yet plant expression systems may offer cheaper, safer alternatives. Our aim was to determine whether plants could be used for the production of functional PsVs of bovine papillomavirus 1 (BPV1), an important causative agent of economically damaging bovine papillomas in cattle and equine sarcoids in horses and wild equids. BPV1 capsid proteins, L1 and L2, and a self-replicating reporter plasmid were transiently expressed in <i>Nicotiana benthamiana</i> to produce virus-like particles (VLPs) and PsVs. Strategies to enhance particle yields were investigated and optimised protocols were established. The PsVs' ability to infect mammalian cells and express their encapsidated reporter genes in vitro was confirmed, and their functionality as reagents in PBNAs was demonstrated through their neutralisation by several different antibodies. This is the first report of BPV PsVs expressed in plants and demonstrates the potential for the development of therapeutic veterinary vaccines in planta.
Simultaneous detection, typing and quantitation of oncogenic human papillomavirus by multiplex consensus real-time PCR (2012)

A consensus multiplex real-time PCR test (PT13-RT) for the oncogenic human papillomavirus (HPV) types 16, 18, 31, 33, 35, 39, 45, 51, 52, 56, 58, 59 and 66 is described. The test targets the L1 gene. Analytical sensitivity is between 4 and 400 GU (genomic units) in the presence of 500 ng of human DNA, corresponding to 75,000 human cells. HPV types are grouped into multiplex groups of 3 or 4 resulting in the use of 4 wells per sample and permitting up to 24 samples per run (including controls) in a standard 96-well real-time PCR instrument. False negative results are avoided by (a) measuring sample DNA concentration to control that sufficient cellular material is present and (b) including HPV type 6 as a homologous internal control in order to detect PCR inhibition or competition from other (non-oncogenic) HPV types. Analysis time from refrigerator to report is 8 h, including 2.5 h hands-on time. Relative to the HC2 test, the sensitivity and specificity were respectively 98% and 83%, the lower specificity being attributable to the higher analytical sensitivity of PT13-RT. To assess type determination comparison was made with a reversed line-blot test. Type concordance was high (κ=0.79) with discrepancies occurring mostly in multiple-positive samples.
Load Modulated Balanced Amplifier Design Method Based on Complex Impedance Trajectories (2021)

This paper presents a design methodology for a load modulated balanced amplifier (LMBA) focusing on AMPM distortion mitigation. By introducing second harmonic control as a degree of design freedom, a complex load trajectory can be selected to compensate for AMPM nonlinearities in the device without substantially affecting efficiency. A mathematical derivation is accompanied by a design procedure based on closed-form equations to fabricate an LMBA based solely on load-pull data. The theory is validated through the measured comparison of three different designs operating at 2.4 GHz in a pseudo-RF-input Doherty-like LMBA configuration, with class-J, -B, and -J* main PAs. The class-J prototype outperforms the other designs with 54% and 49% drain efficiency at peak output power and 6-dB back-off, respectively, and only 4 degrees of AM-PM across this power range. When driven with a 10-MHz, 8.6-dB PAPR LTE signal, 40.5% average efficiency is achieved with better than <inline-formula xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"><tex-math notation="LaTeX">$-40.5$</tex-math></inline-formula> dBc ACLR without digital predistortion.
Covering the vibrational spectrum with microjoule mid-infrared supercontinuum pulses in nonlinear optical applications (2017)

Nonlinear spectroscopies focused on molecular vibrations require high-energy [several microjoule (μJ)] laser pulses in the mid-infrared (IR). Current methods of generating μJ pulses in the mid-IR exhibit limited spectral coverage, while pulses that span the mid-IR range display insufficient pulse energies for nonlinear spectroscopy. Here we present the generation of high-energy mid-IR supercontinuum laser pulses by focusing 70 fs, 30 μJ mid-IR pulses in commercially available bulk chalcogenide glasses. The resulting supercontinuum pulses exhibit pulse energies of several μJ, which is sufficient for nonlinear spectroscopic applications, while spanning the important wavelength range from below 2.5 μm to over 10 μm at the 10% level (2.5–11 μm at −20  dB)—more than two octaves within the mid-infrared. This facilitates capturing most of the fundamental transitions (v=0→1) of molecular vibrations in a wide range of applications including nonlinear experiments, as demonstrated with sum-frequency generation spectroscopy.
Fuzzy logic control of a floating level in a refinery tank (1994)

This paper presents the development of a fuzzy logic controller that maintains a floating level in a tank on top of the atmospheric distillation unit of a refinery plant. This particular level regulation does not need any fixed setpoint as it is only required for the level to be kept between a minimal and a maximal bounds. The important constraint to take into account is to minimize the action range in order to stabilize the feed flow at the output of the tank. Besides, the system has to anticipate properly the different disturbances that can occur in the distillation unit. The development of the fuzzy logic controller is described. The membership functions and the rulebase are first initialized in order to obtain a fuzzy logic system that is equivalent to the algorithmic controller. Some particular rules are then modified according to the expert knowledge and the particular specifications required. Finally, an adaptation of the rulebase is done to take into account an evolving context in order to reject smoothly important disturbances by anticipation.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Chaos preservation through continuous chaotic pulse position modulation (2002)

In this paper it is examined an extension of the Chaotic Pulse Position Modulation to the case in which the chaotic sequence is generated by an analog chaotic circuit instead of a discrete chaotic map. The suitability of the approach has been confirmed by carrying out a real case in which a Chua's circuit has been used, and showing that chaos is preserved after the modulation phase.
Optimizing the Rigid or Compliant Behavior of a Novel Parallel-Actuated Architecture for Exoskeleton Robot Applications (2021)

The purpose of this work is to optimize the rigid or compliant behavior of a new type of parallel-actuated robot architecture developed for exoskeleton robot applications. This is done in an effort to provide those that utilize the architecture with the means to maximize, minimize, or simply adjust its stiffness property so as to optimize it for particular tasks, such as augmented lifting or impact absorption. This research even provides the means to produce non-homogeneous stiffness properties for applications that may require non-homogeneous dynamic behavior. In this work, the new architecture is demonstrated in the form of a shoulder exoskeleton. An analytical stiffness model for the shoulder exoskeleton is created and validated experimentally. The model is then used, along with a method of bounded nonlinear multi-objective optimization to configure the parallel substructures for desired rigidity, compliance or nonhomogeneous stiffness behavior. The stiffness model and its optimization can be applied beyond the shoulder to any embodiment of the new parallel architecture, including hip, wrist and ankle robot applications. In order to exemplify this, we present the rigidity optimization for a theoretical hip exoskeleton.
Association of concurrent AURKA and MYCN amplification in primary prostate adenocarcinoma with the development of lethal neuroendocrine prostate cancer (NEPC). (2012)

120 Background: NEPC is an aggressive variant of prostate cancer that most commonly arises from prostate adenocarcinoma (PCA), with likely clonal origin. There is currently no effective therapy with most patients surviving < 1 yr. Recent work identified overexpression and amplification of Aurora kinase A (AURKA) and N-myc (MYCN) in metastatic NEPC, evidence that they cooperate to directly induce a NE phenotype in PCA, and are targetable with Aurora kinase inhibitor therapy (AKI) (Beltran et al). NEPC xenografts demonstrate dramatic and preferential sensitivity to AKI therapy with complete reversal of NE marker expression. We evaluated primary prostate tumors of patients that later developed lethal NEPC for presence of AURKA and MYCN alterations. Methods: 226 primary PCA tumors were evaluated, of which 57 tumors were from patients with NEPC. 22 benign prostate and 57 metastatic NE carcinomas from prostate (38) or other primary site were also evaluated. Histology, immunohistochemistry (IHC), Fluorescence In Situ Hybridization (FISH) were performed and correlated with clinical variables (ie, Gleason, PSA, OS). Results: AURKA and concurrent MYCN amplification were identified by FISH in 75% of primary PCA of patients with NEPC (> 95% cells). In contrast, in an unselected PCA cohort, AURKA and MYCN amplifications were identified in 5% of 169 cases. These results are independent of NE marker expression by IHC. In only one case did MYCN gain occur in absence of AURKA amplification. When metastatic NEPC was compared to primary PCA in same patient, there was 100% concordance of AURKA and MYCN amplification. In prostate tumors with mixed features, there was 94% concordance between NEPC and PCA. 0% benign prostate and 40% metastatic NEPC harbored AURKA and MYCN amplifications. Conclusions: AURKA and MYCN amplification occurs early and are nearly always concurrent despite separate chromosomes. Their presence in primary PCA identifies patients predisposed to the development of an aggressive lethal NEPC variant. These patients may benefit from early intervention with AKI therapy. Therefore, AURKA and MYCN amplification may be new prognostic and predictive biomarkers.