gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Three-Dimensional Beam Scan Using Ferrite-Loaded Circular Waveguide Antenna (2016)

Phased or parasitic array antennas with complex feed mechanism are widely used to realize beam scanning. This letter presents a simple magnetized ferrite-loaded circular waveguide antenna with three-dimensional (3-D) scan characteristics. Professional software is used to optimize the dimension and biasing requirement of the antenna. The required magnetizing fields (H <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">0</sub> ) are tabulated to realize 60° of maximum beam scan in elevation plane for eight different azimuth regions covering 360°. A prototype of the high-power waveguide antenna is fabricated to experimentally verify some of the simulated scan characteristics. Using LTCC technique, embedding the biasing coils within the ferrite cylinder can considerably reduce the H <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">0</sub> values needed for 3-D beam scan.
Prenatal diagnosis of familial dysautonomia by analysis of linked CA‐repeat polymorphisms on chromosome 9q31–q33 (1995)

Familial Dysautonomia (FD) is an autosomal recessive sensory neuropathy that affects about 1 in 3,700 individuals of Ashkenazi Jewish ancestry. The underlying biochemical and genetic defects are unknown, thereby precluding prenatal diagnosis in at-risk families. Recently, the FD gene (DYS) was mapped with strong linkage disequilibrium to polymorphic markers in the chromosome 9 region q31-q33. In this report, the use of these markers for the prenatal diagnosis of FD by linkage analysis in families with a previously affected child was evaluated. Genomic DNA from appropriate family members was analyzed to construct haplotypes using informative CA repeat polymorphisms closely linked to and flanking the FD locus. The calculation of risk for the prenatal diagnoses was performed by linkage analysis. All seven FD families were informative for the closely linked polymorphic markers and fetal diagnoses were made in eight pregnancies. Six fetal diagnoses were predicted with > 98% accuracy, while two with recombinations were predicted with at least 88% and 92% accuracy. Use of these closely linked markers permitted the reliable prenatal diagnosis of FD in families with a previously affected child.
Spatially resolved photocurrent mapping of operating organic photovoltaic devices using atomic force photovoltaic microscopy (2008)

A conductive atomic force microscopy (cAFM) technique, atomic force photovoltaic microscopy (AFPM), has been developed to characterize spatially localized inhomogeneities in organic photovoltaic (OPV) devices. In AFPM, a biased cAFM probe is raster scanned over an array of illuminated solar cells, simultaneously generating topographic and photocurrent maps. As proof of principle, AFPM is used to characterize 7.5×7.5μm2 poly(3-hexylthiophene):[6,6]-phenyl-C61-butyric acid methyl ester OPVs, revealing substantial device to device and temporal variations in the short-circuit current. The flexibility of AFPM suggests applicability to nanoscale characterization of a wide range of optoelectronically active materials and devices.
Approximate fair bandwidth allocation: A method for simple and flexible traffic management (2008)

The Internet architecture uses congestion avoidance mechanisms implemented in the transport layer protocol like TCP to provide good service under heavy load. If network nodes distribute bandwidth fairly, the Internet would be more robust and accommodate a wide variety of applications. Various congestion and bandwidth management schemes have been proposed for this purpose and can be classified into two broad categories: packet scheduling algorithms such as fair queueing (FQ) which explicitly provide bandwidth shares by scheduling packets. They are more difficult to implement compared to FIFO queueing. The second category has active queue management schemes such as RED which use FIFO queues at the routers. They are easy to implement but don't aim to provide (and, in the presence of non-congestion-responsive sources, don't provide) fairness. An algorithm called AFD (approximate fair dropping), has been proposed to provide approximate, weighted max-min fair bandwidth allocations with relatively low complexity. AFD has since been widely adopted by the industry. This paper describes the evolution of AFD from a research project into an industry setting, focusing on the changes it has undergone in the process. AFD now serves as a traffic management module, which can be implemented either using a single FIFO or overlaid on top of extant per-flow queueing structures and which provides approximate bandwidth allocation in a simple fashion. The AFD algorithm has been implemented in several switch and router platforms at Cisco sytems, successfully transitioning from the academic world into the industry.
Self-Encryption Scheme for Data Security in Mobile Devices (2009)

The pervasive use of wireless networks and mobile devices has been changing our living style significantly. Along with great convenience and efficiency, there are new challenges in protecting sensitive and/or private data carried in these devices. The most challenging part lies in a dilemma: while it should be computationally infeasible for adversaries to decrypt the data, the cryptographic operation should be efficient for legitimate users and minimize battery drain. This paper proposes a novel data encryption and storage scheme to address this challenge. Treating the data as a binary bit stream, our self-encryption (SE) scheme generates a keystream by randomly extracting bits from the stream. The length of the keystream depends on the user's security requirements. The bit stream is encrypted and the ciphertext is stored on the mobile device, whereas the keystream is stored separately. This makes it computationally not feasible to recover the original data stream from the ciphertext alone.
Efficient packet replication and switching of multicast traffic by shared-crosspoint packet switches (2007)

Multicast traffic is expected to increase in packet-oriented networks by the inclusion of broadcast and multimedia-on-demand services. In addition to the high performance for unicast services, combined input-crosspoint buffered (CICB) packet switches have intrinsic properties that are favorable for switching and replication of multicast packets. In this paper we study the performance of CICB packet switches, including those with dedicated and shared crosspoint buffers (SMCB), both under multicast traffic. Furthermore, we propose arbitration schemes for shared-buffer packet switches to handle multicast traffic and study their performance on switching-replication efficiency. We show that the SMCB switch efficiently handles multicast traffic with uniform distribution of fan outs, and that its achievable throughput is comparable to that of a CICB switch. This property, combined with the efficient memory utilization, makes the SMCB switch an attractive solution for unicast and multicast networks.
Determining Polarities Of Distant Lightning Strokes (1990)

Method for determining polarities of lightning strokes more than 400 km away. Two features of signal from each stroke correlated. New method based on fact each stroke observed thus far for which polarity determined unambiguously, initial polarity of tail same as polarity of initial deflection before initial-deflection signal altered by propagation effects. Receiving station equipped with electric-field-change antenna coupled to charge amplifier having time constant of order of 1 to 10 seconds. Output of amplifier fed to signal-processing circuitry, which determines initial polarity of tail.
Bone marrow-derived endothelial progenitor cells are a major determinant of nascent tumor neovascularization (2007)

Tumors build vessels by cooption of pre-existing vasculature and de novo recruitment of bone marrow (BM)-derived endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs). However, the contribution and the functional role of EPCs in tumor neoangiogenesis are controversial. Therefore, by using genetically marked BM progenitor cells, we demonstrate the precise spatial and temporal contribution of EPCs to the neovascularization of three transplanted and one spontaneous breast tumor in vivo using high-resolution microscopy and flow cytometry. We show that early tumors recruit BM-derived EPCs that differentiate into mature BM-derived endothelial cells (ECs) and luminally incorporate into a subset of sprouting tumor neovessels. Notably, in later tumors, these BM-derived vessels are diluted with non-BM-derived vessels from the periphery, which accounts for purported differences in previously published reports. Furthermore, we show that specific ablation of BM-derived EPCs with alpha-particle-emitting anti-VE-cadherin antibody markedly impaired tumor growth associated with reduced vascularization. Our results demonstrate that BM-derived EPCs are critical components of the earliest phases of tumor neoangiogenesis.
Time-resolved optical tomography using short-pulse laser for tumor detection (2006)

Our objective is to perform a comprehensive experimental and numerical analysis of the short-pulse laser interaction with a tissue medium with the goal of tumor-cancer diagnostics. For a short-pulse laser source, the shape of the output signal is a function of the optical properties of the medium, and hence the scattered temporal optical signal helps in understanding the medium characteristics. Initially experiments are performed on tissue phantoms embedded with inhomogeneities to optimize the time-resolved optical detection scheme. Both the temporal and the spatial profiles of the scattered reflected and transmitted optical signals are compared with the numerical modeling results obtained by solving the transient radiative transport equation using the discrete ordinates technique. Next experiments are performed on in vitro rat tissue samples to characterize the interaction of light with skin layers and to validate the time-varying optical signatures with the numerical model. The numerical modeling results and the experimental measurements are in excellent agreement for the different parameters studied. The final step is to perform in vivo imaging of anesthetized rats with tumor-promoting agents injected inside skin tissues and of an anesthetized mouse with mammary tumors to demonstrate the feasibility of the technique for detecting tumors in an animal model.
Real-time subcarrier FMCW radar in the terahertz range based on a resonant-tunneling-diode oscillator: evaluation and demonstration (2022)

We previously reported on real-time distance measurement in the terahertz range using a resonant-tunneling-diode (RTD) oscillator based on the frequency-modulated continuous-wave (FMCW) radar principle. In this new report, we show a significant reduction of the measurement error on fast moving targets achieved by synchronizing subsystems. We also demonstrate the radar in a one-dimensional scanning experiment that produces the two-dimensional image of a field with several targets.
Parallel arrays of individually addressable single-walled carbon nanotube field-effect transistors (2006)

High-throughput field-effect transistors (FETs) containing over 300 disentangled, high-purity chemical-vapor-deposition-grown single-walled carbon nanotube (SWNT) channels have been fabricated in a three-step process that creates more than 160 individually addressable devices on a single silicon chip. This scheme gives a 96% device yield with output currents averaging 5.4mA and reaching up to 17mA at a 300mV bias. Entirely semiconducting FETs are easily realized by a high current selective destruction of metallic tubes. The excellent dispersity and nearly-defect-free quality of the SWNT channels make these devices also useful for nanoscale chemical and biological sensor applications.
Palmitoylation, Membrane-Proximal Basic Residues, and Transmembrane Glycine Residues in the Reovirus p10 Protein Are Essential for Syncytium Formation (2003)

Avian reovirus and Nelson Bay reovirus are two unusual nonenveloped viruses that induce extensive cell-cell fusion via expression of a small nonstructural protein, termed p10. We investigated the importance of the transmembrane domain, a conserved membrane-proximal dicysteine motif, and an endodomain basic region in the membrane fusion activity of p10. We now show that the p10 dicysteine motif is palmitoylated and that loss of palmitoylation correlates with a loss of fusion activity. Mutational and functional analyses also revealed that a triglycine motif within the transmembrane domain and the membrane-proximal basic region were essential for p10-mediated membrane fusion. Mutations in any of these three motifs did not influence events upstream of syncytium formation, such as p10 membrane association, protein topology, or surface expression, suggesting that these motifs are more intimately associated with the membrane fusion reaction. These results suggest that the rudimentary p10 fusion protein has evolved a mechanism of inducing membrane merger that is highly dependent on the specific interaction of several different motifs with donor membranes. In addition, cross-linking, coimmunoprecipitation, and complementation assays provided no evidence for p10 homo- or heteromultimer formation, suggesting that p10 may be the first example of a membrane fusion protein that does not form stable, higher-order multimers.
An Internal Flow Measurement That Senses a Pre-Cursor to Surge in Centrifugal Compressors (2006)

Centrifugal compressors are critical for moving large volumes of gas in the natural gas pipeline, hydrocarbon processing, and general energy industries. The operation of centrifugal compressors is limited by a number of factors including the occurrence of surge at low flows. The exact low flow conditions at which surge occurs cannot be determined from external measurements. The precise flow and head at which surge occurs is effected by factors including the installed piping configuration, the dynamic impedance of the piping system, the pulsating pressures in the piping, and the gas properties such as compressibility among other variables. The results of the many factors affected when surge occurs and the sudden nature of surge onset are such that there are no previously identified reliable ways to detect an approaching surge. Current surge control methods rely on external measurements of head or speed and flow to estimate the conditions at which surge will occur and then recycle flow at some margin above the expected surge conditions in order to avoid surge. However, this type of surge control is inefficient and frequently leads to recycling more flow than necessary with the result that fuel and energy are wasted. If a means were available to measure a fundamental pre-cursor to surge then a reliable indication of the operating margin above surge could be developed and the amount of recycle flow and the loss of efficiency could be minimized. Such a pre-cursor has been found and a sensor technique base on drag probe technology has been developed. This paper presents some of the background on pre-surge detection in centrifugal compressors and then describes the known behavior of the impeller inlet outer wall re-circulating flow that develops as surge approaches. In addition, this paper reports on the development of a drag probe sensor to measure these internal flow components. Evidence from direct surge control testing is presented to support the finding that these internal flows are a basic surge pre-cursor and a useful control for centrifugal compressors. The measured flow changes prior to surge are identified and data is shown. The result of this research will lead to an improved surge control system for a significant class of signal stage modern centrifugal compressors and will increase the operating range and overall efficiency of such machines.
<i>B</i><sub>1</sub>‐insensitive <i>T</i><sub>2</sub> preparation for improved coronary magnetic resonance angiography at 3 T (2006)

At 3 T, the effective wavelength of the RF field is comparable to the dimension of the human body, resulting in B1 standing wave effects and extra variations in phase. This effect is accompanied by an increase in B0 field inhomogeneity compared to 1.5 T. This combination results in nonuniform magnetization preparation by the composite MLEV weighted T2 preparation (T2 Prep) sequence used for coronary magnetic resonance angiography (MRA). A new adiabatic refocusing T2 Prep sequence is presented in which the magnetization is tipped into the transverse plane with a hard RF pulse and refocused using a pair of adiabatic fast-passage RF pulses. The isochromats are subsequently returned to the longitudinal axis using a hard RF pulse. Numerical simulations predict an excellent suppression of artifacts originating from B1 inhomogeneity while achieving good contrast enhancement between coronary arteries and surrounding tissue. This was confirmed by an in vivo study, in which coronary MR angiograms were obtained without a T2 Prep, with an MLEV weighted T2 Prep and the proposed adiabatic T2 Prep. Improved quantitative and qualitative coronary MRA image measurement was achieved using the adiabatic T2 Prep at 3 T.
STRUCTURE-FUNCTION INVESTIGATIONS OF Bcl-2 FAMILY PROTEINS (1996)

Conference Abstract| November 01 1996 STRUCTURE-FUNCTION INVESTIGATIONS OF Bcl-2 FAMILY PROTEINS John C. Reed, MD, PhD John C. Reed, MD, PhD 1La Jolla Cancer Res. Foundation; La Jolla, CA 92037 (USA) Search for other works by this author on: This Site PubMed Google Scholar Biochem Soc Trans (1996) 24 (4): 592S. https://doi.org/10.1042/bst024592s Views Icon Views Article contents Figures & tables Video Audio Supplementary Data Peer Review Share Icon Share Twitter LinkedIn Cite Icon Cite Get Permissions Citation John C. Reed; STRUCTURE-FUNCTION INVESTIGATIONS OF Bcl-2 FAMILY PROTEINS. Biochem Soc Trans 1 November 1996; 24 (4): 592S. doi: https://doi.org/10.1042/bst024592s Download citation file: Ris (Zotero) Reference Manager EasyBib Bookends Mendeley Papers EndNote RefWorks BibTex toolbar search Search Dropdown Menu nav search search input Search input auto suggest search filter All ContentAll JournalsBiochemical Society Transactions Search Advanced Search This content is only available as a PDF. © 1996 Biochemical Society1996 Article PDF first page preview Close Modal You do not currently have access to this content.
Transplantation of myoblasts from a transgenic mouse overexpressing dystrophin produced only a relatively small increase of dystrophin-positive membrane (1998)

Myoblast cultures from normal and Tg-MDA (transgenic mouse overexpressing dystrophin 50-fold) mice were transplanted into dystrophin-deficient mdx mouse muscles. Four weeks after transplantation, dystrophin-positive fibers were observed four times more frequently in cross sections of muscles injected with Tg-MDA. Myoblasts from Tg-MDA mice also expressing the beta-gal transgene (Tg-MDA/beta-gal) and myoblasts from beta-gal transgenic mice containing one normal dystrophin gene (normal/beta-gal) were also transplanted into mdx mouse muscles. Four weeks after transplantation, the fiber length positive for dystrophin (nuclear domain) was shorter (439 +/- 326 microm) than the beta-gal nuclear domain (1466 +/- 713 microm) of the same fiber when normal/beta-gal myoblasts were transplanted, but increased (1302 +/- 487 microm) when Tg-MDA/beta-gal myoblasts were used. These experiments show that despite the presence in Tg-MDA myoblasts of constructions which lead in vivo in transgenic mice to an overexpression of dystrophin 50-fold, the membrane area over which dystrophin was expressed was increased only threefold. This observation is also expected for vector-mediated gene therapy.
Frequency-Dependent Conductivity Contrast for Tissue Characterization Using a Dual-Frequency Range Conductivity Mapping Magnetic Resonance Method (2014)

Electrical conductivities of biological tissues show frequency-dependent behaviors, and these values at different frequencies may provide clinically useful diagnostic information. MR-based tissue property mapping techniques such as magnetic resonance electrical impedance tomography (MREIT) and magnetic resonance electrical property tomography (MREPT) are widely used and provide unique conductivity contrast information over different frequency ranges. Recently, a new method for data acquisition and reconstruction for low- and high-frequency conductivity images from a single MR scan was proposed. In this study, we applied this simultaneous dual-frequency range conductivity mapping MR method to evaluate its utility in a designed phantom and two in vivo animal disease models. Magnetic flux density and B(1)(+) phase map for dual-frequency conductivity images were acquired using a modified spin-echo pulse sequence. Low-frequency conductivity was reconstructed from MREIT data by the projected current density method, while high-frequency conductivity was reconstructed from MREPT data by B(1)(+) mapping. Two different conductivity phantoms comprising varying ion concentrations separated by insulating films with or without holes were used to study the contrast mechanism of the frequency-dependent conductivities related to ion concentration and mobility. Canine brain abscess and ischemia were used as in vivo models to evaluate the capability of the proposed method to identify new electrical properties-based contrast at two different frequencies. The simultaneous dual-frequency range conductivity mapping MR method provides unique contrast information related to the concentration and mobility of ions inside tissues. This method has potential to monitor dynamic changes of the state of disease.
Recent Developments in Ni-Mn-Ga Foam Research (2009)

Grain boundaries hinder twin boundary motion in magnetic shape-memory alloys and suppress magnetic-field-induced deformation in randomly textured polycrystalline material. The quest for high-quality single crystals and the associated costs are a major barrier for the commercialization of magnetic shape-memory alloys. Adding porosity to polycrystalline magnetic-shape memory alloys presents solutions for (i) the elimination of grain boundaries via the separation of neighboring grains by pores, and (ii) the reduction of production cost via replacing the directional solidification crystal growth process by conventional casting. Ni-Mn-Ga foams were produced with varying pore architecture and pore fractions. Thermo-magnetic training procedures were applied to improve magnetic-field-induced strain. The cyclic strain was measured in-situ while the sample was heated and cooled through the martensitic transformation. The magnetic field-induced strain amounts to several percent in the martensite phase, decreases continuously during the transformation upon heating, and vanishes in the austenite phase. Upon cooling, cyclic strain appears below the martensite start temperature and reaches a value larger than the initial strain in the martensite phase, thereby confirming a training effect. For Ni-Mn-Ga single crystals, external constraints imposed by gripping the crystal limit lifetime and/or magnetic-field-induced deformation. These constraints are relaxed for foams.