gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Reliable estimation of phase biases of GPS satellites with a local reference network (2011)

Precise Point Positioning with GPS and/or Galileo is becoming increasingly popular as it does not need any measurements from a reference station. However, the resolution of the integer ambiguities of the periodic carrier phases requires precise and accurate estimates of satellite phase biases. This paper describes a new method for the estimation of the receiver and satellites phase biases on all frequencies. It uses a geometry-free approach with a Kalman filter and sequentially fixes the undifferenced integer ambiguities. Several steps are performed to improve the reliability of ambiguity fixing, e.g. the fixing decision over a time-window and the use of both statistical information from the Kalman filter and the actual deviation between the float and nearest integer numbers. The proposed method is applied to dual-frequency L1/L2 GPS measurements from 11 SAPOS stations in Bavaria to analyze the stability of the satellite phase biases. The long time span of 24 hours involves several rises and settings of satellites and, thus, requires parameter mappings and trackings within the estimation. The observed satellite biases vary by only 3 cm over 5 hours, and the receiver phase biases are even more stable.
Application of a newly developed hydrogen peroxide vapor phase sensor to HPV sterilizer. (1998)

A new type of concentration sensor for hydrogen peroxide vapor has been developed by making use of a semiconductor. Output from the vapor sensor has been shown to have a good linear relationship with the logarithm of the concentration of hydrogen peroxide vapor. Concentration of hydrogen peroxide vapor introduced into the sterilization chamber could be kept constant by monitoring the concentration of the hydrogen peroxide vapor continuously and controlling the vapor supply. Temperature and humidity have also been kept constant. D-values for B. stearothermophilus ATCC 12980 at various concentrations of hydrogen peroxide vapor have been determined by using the combination system of the hydrogen peroxide vapor sensor, the hydrogen peroxide vapor supplier, thermosensor and humidity sensor. D-values at the temperature of 30 degrees C and the absolute humidity of 0.7 mg H2O/L thus obtained, were 0.2 minutes at hydrogen peroxide concentration of 600 ppm and 1.2 minutes at 200 ppm at the temperature of 30 degrees C and 0.7 mg/L absolute humidity. D-values for B. stearothermophilus ATCC 12980 at various temperatures, humidity and levels of hydrogen peroxide concentration have also been determined. These fundamental data indicate that the sterilization by hydrogen peroxide vapor can be validated as precisely as steam sterilization by measuring and controlling the concentration of hydrogen peroxide vapor using a combination of the hydrogen peroxide concentration sensor and the vapor generator. Influence of temperature and humidity have also been studied. The hydrogen peroxide sensor has been calibrated and standardized by using the standard hydrogen peroxide vapor whose concentration has been determined by calculating partial pressure of hydrogen peroxide over the water-hydrogen peroxide solution.
A Graph Approach to Dynamic Fractional Frequency Reuse (FFR) in Multi-Cell OFDMA Networks (2009)

A graph-based framework for dynamic fractional frequency reuse (FFR) in multi-cell OFDMA networks is proposed in this work. FFR is a promising resource allocation technique that can effectively mitigate inter-cell interference (ICI) in OFDMA networks. The proposed scheme enhances the conventional FFR by enabling adaptive spectral sharing per cell load conditions. Such adaptation has significant benefits in a practical environment where traffic load in different cells may be asymmetric and time-varying. The dynamic feature is accomplished via a graph approach in which the resource allocation problem is translated to a graph coloring problem. Specifically, in order to incorporate various versions of FFR in our framework, we construct a graph that matches the specific version of FFR and then color the graph using the corresponding graph algorithm. The performance improvement enabled by the proposed dynamic FFR scheme is further demonstrated by computer simulation for a 19-cell network with asymmetric cell load. For instance, the proposed dynamic FFR scheme can achieve a 12% and 33% gain in cell throughput and service rate over conventional FFR, and render a 70% and 107% gain in cell throughput and service rate with respect to the reuse-3 system.
A &#x201C;network-paging&#x201D; based method for wide-area live-migration of VMs (2011)

In cloud-computing environments, migration of virtual machines (VMs) between data centers can solve many problems such as load balancing and power saving. One of the difficulties in wide-area migration, however, is the “address-warping” problem, in which the address of the VM warps from the source server to the destination server. This confuses or complicates the status of the WAN, and the LANs connected to the WAN. We propose two solutions to this problem. One is to switch an address-translation rule, and the other is to switch multiple virtual networks. The former is analogous to paging in memory virtualization, and the latter is analogous to segmentation. The “network-paging” based method is described and our evaluation results are shown. It took less than 100 ms in average to switch from the source to the destination server using this method.
ChemInform Abstract: Use of a Recombinant Bacterial Fructose‐1,6‐diphosphate Aldolase in Aldol Reactions: Preparative Syntheses of 1‐Deoxynojirimycin, 1‐Deoxymannojirimycin, 1,4‐Dideoxy‐1,4‐imino‐D‐arabinitol, and Fagomine. (1989)

Abstract A combined enzymatic aldol condensation and catalytic intramolecular reductive amination is used in the synthesis of the title alkaloids (I), (IV), (V) and (VIII).
Western Blot Analyses of Prekallikrein and its Activation Products in Human Plasma (1991)

Prekallikrein (PK), a zymogen of the contact system, and its activation products, kallikrein (KAL), KAL-inhibitor complexes and fragments containing KAL epitope(s) have been detected in human plasma by immunoblotting with a monoclonal anti-human plasma PK antibody, MAb 13G11. Detection of antigen-MAb 13G11 complexes with peroxidase-conjugated anti-IgG showed that the two variants of PK (85- and 88-kDa) are the only major antigen species in normal, non-activated plasma. Upon plasma activation with kaolin, the intensity of the PK bands decreased with formation of complexes of KAL with C1 inhibitor (C1 INH) and alpha 2-macroglobulin (alpha 2 M) identical to those formed by the purified proteins. Immunoblots of normal plasma showed good correlation between the PK detected and the amount of plasma assayed. Increasing amounts of KAL incubated with a constant volume of PK-deficient plasma showed increasing amounts of KAL and of KAL-C1 INH and KAL-alpha 2 M complexes. Complexes of KAL-antithrombin III (ATIII) and the ratio of KAL-alpha 2 M/KAL-C1 INH were higher in activated C1 INH-deficient plasmas than in activated normal plasmas. Protein resolution by 3-12% gradient SDS-PAGE and epitope detection with [125I]MAb 13G11 showed four KAL-alpha 2 M species and a 45-kDa fragment(s) in both surface-activated normal plasma and complexes formed by purified KAL and alpha 2 M. Immunoblots of activated plasma also showed bands at the position of KAL-C1 INH and KAL-ATIII complexes. When alpha 1-antitrypsin Pittsburgh (alpha 1-AT. Pitts) was added to plasma before activation, KAL-alpha 1-AT. Pitts was the main complex.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Preliminary Evaluation of Prostate Cancer Metastatic Risk Biomarkers (2005)

Prostate cancer patients at high risk of metastasis need to be identified as early as possible since metastasis is invariably fatal. Treatment could be tailored to risk. Recent array comparative genomic hybridization (aCGH) studies of primary and metastatic prostate tumors identified 39 BAC clones capable of detecting genomic signatures of metastasis. We termed these loci the genomic evaluators of metastatic CaP (GEMCaP). Risk assessments were made on a set of men who were managed with radical prostatectomy. We compared the utility of GEMCaP loci and the Kattan nomogram, a common risk assessment tool, in relation to biochemical outcome. This preliminary evaluation experiment suggests we can use aCGH to detect genomic signatures of metastasis in primary tumors with an accuracy of 78%. The classification accuracy for the Kattan nomogram was 75%. Therefore, validation of GEMCaP is warranted in a larger, appropriately designed cohort.
Visual query suggestion (2010)

Query suggestion is an effective approach to bridge the Intention Gap between the users' search intents and queries. Most existing search engines are able to automatically suggest a list of textual query terms based on users' current query input, which can be called Textual Query Suggestion. This article proposes a new query suggestion scheme named Visual Query Suggestion (VQS) which is dedicated to image search. VQS provides a more effective query interface to help users to precisely express their search intents by joint text and image suggestions. When a user submits a textual query, VQS first provides a list of suggestions, each containing a keyword and a collection of representative images in a dropdown menu. Once the user selects one of the suggestions, the corresponding keyword will be added to complement the initial query as the new textual query, while the image collection will be used as the visual query to further represent the search intent. VQS then performs image search based on the new textual query using text search techniques, as well as content-based visual retrieval to refine the search results by using the corresponding images as query examples. We compare VQS against three popular image search engines, and show that VQS outperforms these engines in terms of both the quality of query suggestion and the search performance.
Novel polyisobutylene/poly(dimethylsiloxane) bicomponent networks. I. Synthesis and characterization (1998)

The synthesis of novel polyisobutylene (PIB)/poly(dimethylsiloxane) (PDMS) bicomponent networks is described. The synthesis strategy (see Figure 1) was to prepare well-defined and -characterized allyl-tritelechelic polyisobutylenes [ϕ(PIB—C—C=C)3] and SiH-ditelechelic poly(dimethylsiloxanes) (HSi–PDMS–SiH) and then crosslink these moieties by hydrosilation. The ϕ(PIB—C—C=C)3 was prepared by living isobutylene polymerization followed by end-quenching with allyltrimethylsilane, whereas the HSi–PDMS–SiH was obtained by equilibrium polymerization of octamethylcyclotetrasiloxane and tetramethyldisiloxane. The detailed structures of the starting polymers were characterized by GPC and 1H-NMR spectroscopy. A series of PIB/PDMS bicomponent networks of varying compositions and average molecular weights between crosslinks (Mc) of ∼ 20,000 g/mol were assembled. Optimum crosslinking conditions were defined in terms of H2PtCl6 catalyst concentration, nature of solvent, time, temperature, and stoichiometry of ∼ CH2CH=CH2/∼SiH groups, allowing for the convenient synthesis of well-defined model bicomponent networks. Swelling studies and elemental analysis confirm the correctness of the synthetic strategy. © 1998 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Polym Sci A: Polym Chem 36: 1891–1899, 1998
Synthesis, Structure, and Electrical Properties of Doped Polyacetylene (1979)

Abstract Polyacetylene, (CH) x is the simplest organic polymer. Through chemical doping, the electrical conductivity of films of (CH) x can be varied over twelve orders of magnitude with properties ranging from insulator (σ < 10 −10 Ω −1 cm −1 ) to semiconductor to metal (σ > 10 3 Ω −1 cm −1 ). Both donors and acceptors can be used with these flexible, free‐standing polycrystalline polymer films (thickness 10 −5 cm to 0.5 cm) to yield n‐type or p‐type material. In this review we summarize some of the more important chemical and physical properties of (CH) x and its doped derivatives.
Short‐term electrical stimulation of the lower esophageal sphincter increases sphincter pressure in patients with gastroesophageal reflux disease (2012)

Short-term stimulation of the LES in patients with GERD significantly increases resting LESP without affecting esophageal peristalsis or LES relaxation. Electrical stimulation of the LES may offer a novel therapy for patients with GERD.
A fully tunable C-band reflectionless bandstop filter using L-resonators (2016)

This paper presents a fully tunable reflectionless bandstop filter using multi-section L-Resonators. The bandstop filter is designed to operate in the C-Band, tunable from 3.96-4.4 GHz with greater than 20 dB of in-band rejection and a return loss of better than 8 dB across the full tuning range. Simulation and measurement results are presented.
Oxidation-reduction properties of two enzymes involved in reductive sulfate assimilation in plants (2001)

Assimilation of sulfate by plants involves reaction of sulfate with ATP to form 5?-adenylylsulfate (APS), followed by the two-electron reduction of APS to sulfite by glutathione, catalyzed by APS reductase. The subsequent six-electron reduction of sulfite to sulfide, catalyzed by sulfite reductase, utilizes reduced ferredoxin as the electron donor. Arabidopsis thaliana has three isoforms of APS reductase. The activity of the APR1 form is redox-state controlled via a regulatory disulfide. A second APR1 disulfide is the likely electron acceptor at the active site. APR1 becomes more active, through an increase in Vmax and decrease in the Km for APS, when the regulatory cysteines are oxidized to a disulfide. Oxidative activation plays an important role in the plant?s response to oxidative stress. The Em value for this regulatory disulfide, ?330 mV (at pH 8.5), is equal to that for glutathione at this pH. Sulfite reductase contains one siroheme and one [4Fe-4S] cluster as prosthetic groups. It is likely that a sulfur from the [4Fe-4S] cluster serves as an axial ligand to the iron of the siroheme. We have carried out the first the redox titrations of a ferredoxin-dependent sulfite reductase, using the wild-type enzyme from maize, and measured Em values (at pH 7.5) of -205 mV and ?410 mV for the siroheme and [4Fe-4S] cluster, respectively. The effects of cyanide and phosphate binding to the siroheme and of site-specific mutations (R193A and R193E) that alter substrate specificity on the redox properties of the enzyme have also been investigated.
Stabilization of the neutral protease of <i>Bacillus stearothermophilus</i> by removal of a buried water molecule (1991)

Using site-directed mutagenesis, Ala166 in the neutral protease of Bacillus stearothermophilus was changed into Ser. Model building and molecular dynamics simulations of the mutant enzyme indicated that the Ser hydroxyl group fits well in a cavity which contains a water molecule in the wild-type enzyme. The Ala166----Ser mutation was expected to exert a stabilizing effect because of the gain in entropy resulting from the release of water molecule from the folded protein to the solvent. In addition, the hydrogen-bonding network around residue 166 was improved upon the mutation. As a result of this mutation the thermostability of the neutral protease was increased by 1.2 +/- 0.1 degrees C.
Bit Loading for Precoded DSL Systems (2007)

Crosstalk is one of the main impairments of digital subscriber line (DSL) systems. To combat this impairment, several techniques were proposed in the literature that employ some form of precoding in the downstream. However, most existing bit allocation algorithms are not applicable to precoded DSL systems when the power in each transmission line is constrained. In this paper, we propose a bit allocation algorithm for this scenario. The proposed algorithm maximizes the bit rate given the available power. It somewhat extends single-user algorithms in that it sequentially allocates bit to the "best" user and tone. In the proposed algorithm we use a definition of "best" that is suitable for precoded systems. Simulation results show that the proposed algorithm achieves almost the same rates as those of power allocation algorithms, which do not take into account the discrete nature of the transmitted information.
Evidence for Plasmid Linkage of Raffinose Utilization and Associated α-Galactosidase and Sucrose Hydrolase Activity in <i>Pediococcus pentosaceus</i> (1986)

The ability to ferment the trisaccharide raffinose was linked with the presence of plasmid DNA in three strains of Pediococcus pentosaceus. Parental strains showed associated inducible alpha-galactosidase and sucrose hydrolase activities when grown in alpha-galactosides and sucrose, respectively. Derivative strains of PPE1.0, PPE2.0, and PPE5.0, which had lost 30-, 28-, and 23-megadalton plasmids, respectively, had no alpha-galactosidase or sucrose hydrolase activity.
Differentially private aggregation of distributed time-series with transformation and encryption (2010)

We propose the first differentially private aggregation algorithm for distributed time-series data that offers good practical utility without any trusted server. This addresses two important challenges in participatory data-mining applications where (i) individual users collect temporally correlated time-series data (such as location traces, web history, personal health data), and (ii) an untrusted third-party aggregator wishes to run aggregate queries on the data.
Thin-Film Ceramic Thermocouples Fabricated and Tested (2004)

The Sensors and Electronics Technology Branch of the NASA Glenn Research Center is developing thin-film-based sensors for surface measurement in propulsion system research. Thin-film sensors do not require special machining of the components on which they are mounted, and they are considerably thinner than wire- or foil-based sensors. One type of sensor being advanced is the thin-film thermocouple, specifically for applications in high-temperature combustion environments. Ceramics are being demonstrated as having the potential to meet the demands of thin-film thermocouples in advanced aerospace environments. The maximum-use temperature of noble metal thin-film thermocouples, 1500 C (2700 F), may not be adequate for components used in the increasingly harsh conditions of advanced aircraft and next-generation launch vehicles. Ceramic-based thermocouples are known for their high stability and robustness at temperatures exceeding 1500 C, but are typically in the form of bulky rods or probes. As part of ASTP, Glenn's Sensors and Electronics Technology Branch is leading an in-house effort to apply ceramics as thin-film thermocouples for extremely high-temperature applications as part of ASTP. Since the purity of the ceramics is crucial for the stability of the thermocouples, Glenn's Ceramics Branch and Case Western Reserve University are developing high-purity ceramic sputtering targets for fabricating high-temperature sensors. Glenn's Microsystems Fabrication Laboratory, supported by the Akima Corporation, is using these targets to fabricate thermocouple samples for testing. The first of the materials used were chromium silicide (CrSi) and tantalum carbide (TaC). These refractory materials are expected to survive temperatures in excess of 1500 C. Preliminary results indicate that the thermoelectric voltage output of a thin-film CrSi versus TaC thermocouple is 15 times that of the standard type R (platinum-rhodium versus platinum) thermocouple, producing 20 mV with a 200 C temperature gradient. The photograph on the left shows the CrSi-TaC thermocouple in a test fixture at Glenn, and the resulting output signal is shown on the right. The temperature differential across the sample, from the center of the sample inside the oven to the sample mount outside the oven, is measured using a type R thermocouple on the sample.
Cooperative Tracking of Multiple Targets by a Team of Autonomous UAVs (2012)

This research is concerned with dynamically determining appropriate flight patterns for a set of autonomous UAVs in an urban environment, for persistent and accurate tracking of moving ground targets. The authors assume that there are limited communication capabilities between the UAVs, and that there exist possible line of sight constraints between the UAVs and the targets. Each UAV (i) operates its own dynamic feedback loop, in a receding horizon framework, incorporating local information on the targets (from UAV i perspective) as well as remote information on the targets (from the perspective of the ‘neighbor’ UAVs) to determine the optimal flight path of UAV i over the planning horizon. This results in a decentralized and more realistic model of the real-world situation. As the flight-plan optimization formulation is NP-hard, a new heuristic for continuous global optimization is applied to solve for the flight plan. Results show that efficient flight patterns for the UAVs can be achieved.
Adaptable End Effector for Atomic Force Microscopy Based Nanomanipulation (2006)

Nanomanipulation using the atomic force microscope (AFM) has been extensively investigated for many years. But the efficiency and accuracy of AFM-based nanomanipulation are still major issues due to the nonlinearities and uncertainties in nanomanipulation operations. The deformation of the cantilever caused by manipulation force is one of the most major nonlinearities and uncertainties. It causes difficulties in accurately controlling the tip position, and results in missing the position of the object. The softness of the conventional cantilevers also causes the failure of manipulation of sticky nano-objects because the tip can easily slip over the nano-objects. In this paper, an active atomic force microscopy probe is used as an adaptable end effector to solve these problems by actively controlling the cantilever's flexibility or rigidity during nanomanipulation. A control voltage is applied to the piezo layer of the adaptable end effector to exert a reverse bending moment on the cantilever to balance the bending moment caused by the interaction force during manipulation. Thus, the adaptable end effector is controlled to maintain straight shape during manipulation. A detailed model of the adaptable end effector is presented in the paper. Control of the adaptable end effector employing an optimal LQR control law is derived and implemented. The experimental results verify the validity of the model and effectiveness of the controller. The nanomanipulation results also prove the increased efficiency of AFM-based nanomanipulation using the adaptable end effector
Pharmacologic Characterization of the Novel, Orally Available Endothelin-A-Selective Antagonist SB 247083 (1998)

Competition radioligand binding with [125I]ET-1 at human cloned ETA and ETB receptors demonstrated ET-A selective affinity by SB 247083 (Ki 0.41 and 467 nM, respectively). Accordingly, similar competitive, functional ETA receptor antagonism was observed. In vitro, SB 247083 exhibited a Kb of 3.5 +/- 0.3 nM (ET-1--induced rat aortic contraction). SB 247083 was significantly less potent as a functional ETB antagonist (Kb 0.34 +/- 0.01 microM; S6c-induced rabbit pulmonary artery contraction). In contrast to ETB-selective and mixed ETA/B antagonists, and consistent with its ETA-selective profile, in vivo administration of SB 247083 was not associated with an elevation in plasma ET-1 levels. Pharmacodynamic and pharmacokinetic studies revealed that SB 247083 was effectively absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract. A single bolus dose inhibited the hemodynamic actions of ET-1 for up to 8 h, consistent with a molecule shown to be 46% bioavailable. Therefore, the present study demonstrates that SB 247083, a unique chemical entity, represents a potent class of nonpeptide, orally active ETA-selective antagonists.