gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
An efficient SCNT technology for the establishment of personalized and public human pluripotent stem cell banks (2016)

Although three different research groups have reported successful derivations of human somatic cell nuclear transfer-derived embryonic stem cell (SCNT-ESC) lines using fetal, neonatal and adult fibroblasts, the extremely poor development of cloned embryos has hindered its potential applications in regenerative medicine. Recently, however, our group discovered that the severe methylation of lysine 9 in Histone H3 in a human somatic cell genome was a major SCNT reprogramming barrier, and the overexpression of KDM4A, a H3K9me3 demethylase, significantly improved the blastocyst formation of SCNT embryos. In particular, by applying this new approach, we were able to produce multiple SCNT-ES cell lines using oocytes obtained from donors whose eggs previously failed to develop to the blastocyst stage. Moreover, the success rate was closer to 25%, which is comparable to that of IVF embryos, so that our new human SCNT method seems to be a practical approach to establishing a pluripotent stem cell bank for the general public as well as for individual patients. [BMB Reports 2016; 49(4): 197-198].
<title>Optimal contact geometry for CdZnTe pixel detectors</title> (2000)

We are developing CdZnTe pixel detectors for use as focal plane sensors in astronomical hard X-ray telescopes. To optimize the spectral response and imaging performance, we are investigating the effect of contact geometry on charge collection. Specifically, we have studied contact designs with orthogonal thin strips placed between pixel contacts. We apply a negative bias on the grid with respect to the pixel potential to force charge to drift toward the contacts. The grid bias is selected to be just sufficient to avoid charge collection on the grid, while increasing the transverse electric field on the surface between contacts. In contrast to focusing electrodes designed to force field lines to terminate on the pixel contact, our approach allows us to overcome the effects of charge loss between the pixels without significant increase of the leakage current, improving the overall energy resolution of the detector. In this paper we describe the performance of a CdZnTe pixel detector containing a grid electrode, bonded to a custom low-noise VLSI readout. We discuss the advantages of this type of detector for high spectral resolution applications.
Synthetic magainin analogues with improved antimicrobial activity (1988)

Based on modifications to enhance the alpha-helical structure of the broad spectrum antibiotic magainin 2, a series of analogues have been synthesized which display an increase up to two orders of magnitude in antimicrobial activity and, in the most favorable case, no appreciable increase in hemolytic activity over magainin 1 at the concentrations tested.
Polarization-controlled single-mode VCSEL (1998)

Relative intensity noise (RIN) in a vertical-cavity surface-emitting laser (VCSEL) was greatly reduced through the use of polarization control to eliminate competition between two orthogonal polarization states by ensuring there was only one polarization state. Polarization was stable with optical feedback of up to 10%. Polarization control was achieved by inducing a small loss anisotropy in fundamental transversal mode VCSEL's. Anisotropic post structures, such as a rectangular post, an oblique post, or a zigzag-sidewall post, were found to be effective in creating loss anisotropy without serious degradation of other VCSEL characteristics such as light-output power or beam profile.
ECTCP: An Explicit Centralized Congestion Avoidance for TCP in SDN-based Data Center (2018)

Data centers provide high aggregate bandwidth for large-scale network services. Traditional TCP protocol does not work well to meet the demand in data center. Before congestion occurs, TCP increases sending window to preempt bandwidth, resulting in buildup queues and increase latency, moreover TCP can only adjust sending window individually for each flow, which lacks global information. This mechanism is ill-suited for the diverse mix of short and long flows, and cannot provide high burst tolerance. Fortunately, Software Defined Networking (SDN) has a global view on data center network, which provides an opportunity to centralized control flows. Leveraging the feature of SDN, we propose an explicit centralized congestion avoidance mechanism (ECTCP). By gaining network topology and the information of flows, SDN controller calculates each flow's fair bandwidth, and adjusts the receive window size of each TCP connection. ECTCP does not need to modify TCP stack, which is easy to implement in the SDN-based data center. In our evaluation, ECTCP achieves fair throughput and improves fairness among different congestion control algorithms. ECTCP also reduces Flow Completion Time (FCT) for burst short flows, and keeps Round-Trip Time (RTT) in small-scale.
Achieving 50% Ionization Efficiency in Subambient Pressure Ionization with Nanoelectrospray (2010)

Inefficient ionization and poor transmission of the charged species produced by an electrospray from the ambient pressure mass spectrometer source into the high vacuum region required for mass analysis significantly limits achievable sensitivity. Here, we present evidence that, when operated at flow rates of 50 nL/min, a new electrospray-based ion source operated at ∼20 Torr can deliver ∼50% of the analyte ions initially in the solution as charged desolvated species into the rough vacuum region of mass spectrometers. The ion source can be tuned to optimize the analyte signal for readily ionized species while reducing the background contribution.
Artificially Engineered Protein Hydrogels Adapted from the Nucleoporin Nsp1 for Selective Biomolecular Transport (2015)

Nucleoporin-like polypeptide (NLP) hydrogels are developed by mimicking nucleoporins, proteins that form gel filters regulating transport into the nucleus. Using protein polymers of a minimal consensus repeat, the NLPs selectively enhance transport of cargo–carrier complexes similar to the natural nuclear pore system. The engineered protein gels additionally have tunable mechanical and transport properties and can be biosynthesized at high yield, making them promising materials for advanced separation technologies.
Performance comparison of wind turbine blade receptor for lightning protection (2010)

One of the major causes of wind turbine trouble in Japan is due to lightning. Lightning stroke to blade causes critical damage and it costs the much time to recovery or replace. To prevent wind turbine blades from lightning damage, generally, they install lightning receptor which can lead the lightning current to ground safety. However in the case of non-negative lightning discharge, which often occurs in Japan, the lightning may not come from upside and the discharge current is extremely high. In JSW and CEPCO, the study of developing the lightning receptor to protect wind turbine blades under hard lightning condition has been carried out. In this paper, authors show the results of lightning experiments and simulations for various lightning receptors that are generally used in wind turbines.
2-[2‘-(Dimethylamino)ethyl]-1,2-dihydro-3<i>H</i>-dibenz[<i>de</i>,<i>h</i>]isoquinoline-1,3-diones with Substituents at Positions 4, 8, 9, 10, and 11. Synthesis, Antitumor Activity, and Quantitative Structure−Activity Relationships (1996)

New 2-[2'-(dimethylamino)ethyl]-1,2-dihydro-3H-dibenz[de,h]isoquinoline-1,3- diones with substituents at the 4, 8, 9, 10, and 11 positions were synthesized. Diazonium salts prepared from aminoazonafides were key intermediates for many of the analogues. Six of the new compounds were more potent than azonafide in a panel of tumor cells including human melanoma and ovarian carcinoma and murine L1210 leukemias. Three of these compounds, the 10-OCH3, 10-OC2H5, and 10-F analogues, had better ratios of cardiotoxicity to tumor-cell toxicity than azonafide. Eight compounds were not cross-resistant with MDR L1210 leukemia, and the 10-CN analogue was more potent against solid tumor cells than leukemia cells. The 9-OH, 10-CN, and 10-F analogues had high potency against both sensitive and resistant cell lines of MFX 7 breast carcinoma and WiDr colon carcinoma and sensitivity A599 lung carcinoma. Advantages of the 10-Cl, 10-NH2, and 10-CN analogues over azonafide were apparent in P388 leukemia in mice, and the 10-CN analogue was more effective than doxorubicin in this assay. Quantitative structure-activity relationship studies revealed statistically significant correlations between DNA binding strength of 8- and 10-substituted azonafides, as measured by deltaTm, and toxicity to tumor cells. There also were correlations between substituent size, as measured by MR, and cytotoxicity for 9- and 10-substituted azonafides and between MR and deltaTm for 4- and 11-substituted azonafides. Lipophilicity of substituents (pi) correlated with cytotoxicity for 9-, 10-, and 11-substituted azonafides. These results lend support to a model in which DNA binding strength influences cytotoxic potency, and lipophilicity increases DNA binding whereas large substituents decrease it.
Evolution of a novel chimeric maltotriose transporter in Saccharomyces eubayanus from parent proteins unable to perform this function (2019)

At the molecular level, the evolution of new traits can be broadly divided between changes in gene expression and changes in protein-coding sequence. For proteins, the evolution of novel functions is generally thought to proceed through sequential point mutations or recombination of whole functional units. In Saccharomyces, the uptake of the sugar maltotriose into the cell is the primary limiting factor in its utilization, but maltotriose transporters are relatively rare, except in brewing strains. No known wild strains of Saccharomyces eubayanus, the cold-tolerant parent of hybrid lager-brewing yeasts (Saccharomyces cerevisiae x S. eubayanus), are able to consume maltotriose, which limits their ability to fully ferment malt extract. In one strain of S. eubayanus, we found a gene closely related to a known maltotriose transporter and were able to confer maltotriose consumption by overexpressing this gene or by passaging the strain on maltose. Even so, most wild strains of S. eubayanus lack native maltotriose transporters. To determine how this rare trait could evolve in naive genetic backgrounds, we performed an adaptive evolution experiment for maltotriose consumption, which yielded a single strain of S. eubayanus able to grow on maltotriose. We mapped the causative locus to a gene encoding a novel chimeric transporter that was formed by an ectopic recombination event between two genes encoding transporters that are unable to import maltotriose. In contrast to classic models of the evolution of novel protein functions, the recombination breakpoints occurred within a single functional domain. Thus, the ability of the new protein to carry maltotriose was likely acquired through epistatic interactions between independently evolved substitutions. By acquiring multiple mutations at once, the transporter rapidly gained a novel function, while bypassing potentially deleterious intermediate steps. This study provides an illuminating example of how recombination between paralogs can establish novel interactions among substitutions to create adaptive functions.
Smart Cooling of Data Centers (2003)

The data center of tomorrow is characterized as one containing a dense aggregation of commodity computing, networking and storage hardware mounted in industry standard racks. In fact, the data center is a computer. The walls of the data center are akin to the walls of the chassis in today’s computer system. The new slim rack mounted systems and blade servers enable reduction in the footprint of today’s data center by 66%. While maximizing computing per unit area, this compaction leads to extremely high power density and high cost associated with removal of the dissipated heat. Today’s approach of cooling the entire data center to a constant temperature sampled at a single location, irrespective of the distributed utilization, is too energy inefficient. We propose a smart cooling system that provides localized cooling when and where needed and works in conjunction with a compute workload allocator to distribute compute workloads in the most energy efficient state. This paper shows a vision and construction of this intelligent data center that uses a combination of modeling, metrology and control to provision the air conditioning resources and workload distribution. A variable cooling system comprising variable capacity computer room air conditioning units, variable air moving devices, adjustable vents, etc. are used to dynamically allocate air conditioning resources where and when needed. A distributed metrology layer is used to sense environment variables like temperature and pressure, and power. The data center energy manager redistributes the compute workloads based on the most energy efficient availability of cooling resources and vice versa. The distributed control layer is no longer associated with any single localized temperature measurement but based on parameters calculated from an aggregation of sensors. The compute resources not in use are put on “standby” thereby providing added savings.
Digester Supernatant Treatment Using Anaerobic Ammonium-Oxidizing (Anammox) Bacteria Entrapped in Gel Carriers (2009)

A lab-scale reactor for the anaerobic ammonium-oxidizing (anammox) process was operated for the treatment of digester supernatant. In this study we used gel carriers with entrapped anammox bacteria to obtain a stable and high nitrogen removal performance. In continuous feeding tests, a stable nitrogen removal performance was observed and an average nitrogen conversion rate of 3.9 kg-N · m-3 · d-1 was obtained. A maximum nitrogen removal rate of 13.7 kg-N · m-3 · d-1 was confirmed in the high-loading test. After the stable nitrogen removal performance was observed, the operation of the reactor was stopped for one or three days and then restarted, in order to simulate a temporary process shutdown. The results of this test showed that our process can recover its performance immediately after a restart. The start-up period of this process was also evaluated under digester supernatant treatment. It was clearly shown that the anammox reactor using gel carriers can be started up within two months.
The frequency and clinical significance of intra-amniotic inflammation defined as an elevated amniotic fluid matrix metalloproteinase-8 in patients with preterm labor and low amniotic fluid white blood cell counts (2013)

To determine the frequency and clinical significance of intra-amniotic inflammation (IAI) defined as an elevated amniotic fluid (AF) matrix metalloproteinase-8 (MMP-8) concentration in patients with preterm labor and intact membranes (PTL) and low AF white blood cell (WBC) counts.
The IgE Antibody and Its Use in Cancer Immunotherapy (2009)

The immunoglobulin E (IgE) is a class of antibody that is capable of mounting a robust immune response resulting in anaphylaxis, which plays a central role in allergic reactions against environmental agents and immunity against parasites. Multiple studies also suggest that IgE plays a role in cancer immunosurveillance, which implies that this class of antibody can be exploited for the treatment of cancer. While most therapeutic antibodies developed for cancer therapy are of the IgG class, IgE has several advantages including the exceptionally high affinity for its Fc receptors (FcɛRs) and its low serum concentration that provides less competition for Fc receptor occupancy. In addition, FcɛRs are expressed on relevant effector cells involved in antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity (ADCC) and/or antibody-dependent cell-mediated phagocytosis (ADCP) including antigen-presenting cells (APC). In fact, multiple IgEs targeting different tumor-associated antigens (TAA) have been developed and shown to be effective against cancer cells in vitro and in animal models. Further advances of current technologies and experimental models, coupled with a better understanding of IgE-mediated immune effector mechanisms against targeted tumors, are expected to help elucidate the full potential of tumor-specific IgE antibodies for cancer immunotherapy.
Dual resolution two-dimensional color barcode (2013)

In this paper, a QR code is presented with a dual resolution structure. It contains a high resolution layer that is coded in luminance and is in consistency with the conventional QR code, and a low resolution layer providing additional error checking information, that is coded in chrominance and is robust to blurring. The proposed QR code is compatible to its underlying conventional black and white barcode as it can be read by their decoders. Its advantage is additional reliability when a color decoder is used. In particular, it enhances the decoding accuracy for devices such as mobile devices for barcodes printed in small sizes.
Improvements in<i>Tritrichomonas foetus</i>molecular testing (2018)

Bovine trichomoniasis is a sexually transmitted disease that results in infertility, abortion, and calf age variability. To date, management strategies include testing for Tritrichomonas foetus and culling of infected males. Challenges associated with testing include cost of culture medium, time and labor burden of sample incubation and processing, and adverse effects of bacterial growth on detection sensitivity. To overcome these challenges, we developed a direct reverse-transcription quantitative real-time PCR (direct RT-qPCR) utilizing smegma, eliminating the use of culture medium. In an analysis of 166 field samples (56 positives and 110 negatives as determined using microscopic reading of cultures as the reference test), the direct RT-qPCR exhibited 100% diagnostic sensitivity and 100% specificity, whereas the currently employed qPCR (culture qPCR), which utilizes cultured samples, exhibited 95% diagnostic sensitivity and 100% specificity. Agreement between direct RT-qPCR and culture qPCR was 98%. Moreover, direct RT-qPCR identified 3 more positive samples and exhibited lower quantification cycle (Cq) values among positives by culture reading than did culture qPCR (direct RT-qPCR Cq range = 14.6-32.3 vs. culture qPCR Cq range = 18.7-37.4). The direct RT-qPCR enables simplified sample collection, elimination of culture medium, faster results, applicability in cows, and lower cost than culture qPCR.
A toolset for assisted formal verification (1999)

There has been a growing interest in applying formal methods for functional and performance verification of complex and safety critical designs. Model checking is one of the most common formal verification methodologies utilized in verifying sequential logic due to its automated decision procedures and its ability to provide counter examples for debugging. However, model checking hasn't found broad acceptance as a verification methodology due to its complexity. This arises because of the need to specify correctness properties in a temporal logic language and develop an environment around a partitioned model under test in a non deterministic HDL-type language. Generally, engineers are not trained in mathematical logic languages and becoming proficient in such a language requires a steep learning curve. Furthermore, defining a behavioral environment at the complex and undocumented microarchitectural interface level is a time consuming and error prone activity. As such, there is a strong motivation to bring the model checking technology to a level such that the designers may utilize this technology as a part of their design process without being burdened with the details that are generally only within the grasps of computer theoreticians. The paper outlines two tools which greatly assist in this goal: the first, Polly, automates the difficult and error prone task of developing the behavioral environment around the partitioned model under test; the second Oracle, obviates the need for learning temporal logic to enter specification.
Image Segmentation Based on Bayesian Network-Markov Random Field Model and its Application to In Vivo Plaque Composition (2006)

Combining Bayesian network (BN) and Markov random field (MRF) models, this paper presents an effective supervised image segmentation algorithm. Representing information from different features, a Bayesian network generates the probability map for each pixel via the conditional PDF (probability density function) learned from a limited training data set. Considering the spatial relation and a priori knowledge of the image, MRF theory is used to generate a reasonable segmentation by minimizing the proposed energy functional. Applying this algorithm to multi-contrast MR image in vivo plaque composition measurement shows comparable results with expert manual segmentation
The Effect to the Toner of Various Properties of the Crystalline Polyester (2003)

The regulation for the energy consumption of printers and copiers are getting severe year by year. And with the speed up of the machine system, the fusing of toner on the paper gets more difficult. So the toner which can be fused in lower energy is expected. There are still several ways for that problem. To use low Tg and low Tm resin for binder is the typical one for instance, but there is a barrier to improve more by just controlling the Tg and Tm of the resin.In NIP18 the effect of crystalline polyester for low energy fusing was reported; the properties of the toner that contains crystalline polyester, the quantitative effect of crystalline polyester for toner, the effect of the dispersion size of crystalline polyester in toner and the way to disperse the crystalline polyester.In this report, by controlling the kinds of monomers and the reaction hours, various kinds of crystalline polyester are prepared. And the effects of its melting point and molecular weight for the fusing ability and the storage stability of toner are investigated. Also the property of the toner which contains the crystalline polyester with small amount of the monomer which has a long chain is investigated. As the result, one type of crystalline polyester, which is better for toner, is reported.
Portable neutron spectrometer/dosimeter (1982)

As part of the continuing DOE effort to upgrade personnel neutron dosimetry, the Health Division at Los Alamos has developed a portable, battery-operated, computerized neutron spectrometer/dosimeter. The instrument has a built-in tissue-equivalent LET neutron detector, 128-channel pulse height analyzer with integral liquid crystal display, and a microcomputer system which calculates dose and dose rate from neutrons incident on the detector. The neutron spectrometer/dosimeter is designed around a linear energy transfer (LET) proportional counter. The instrument will, at the user's option, display a raw data spectrum or a spectrum of rad or rem as a function of keV per micron of equivalent tissue. The dosimeter will also calculate and display accumulated dose in millirad and millirem, as well as giving the user neutron dose rates in millirad and millirem per hour.