gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Stabilization of NAD‐dependent formate dehydrogenase from <i>Candida boidinii</i> by site‐directed mutagenesis of cysteine residues (2000)

The gene of the NAD-dependent formate dehydrogenase (FDH) from the yeast Candida boidinii was cloned by PCR using genomic DNA as a template. Expression of the gene in Escherichia coli yielded functional FDH with about 20% of the soluble cell protein. To confirm the hypothesis of a thiol-coupled inactivation process, both cysteine residues in the primary structure of the enzyme have been exchanged by site-directed mutagenesis using a homology model based on the 3D structure of FDH from Pseudomonas sp. 101 and from related dehydrogenases. Compared to the wt enzyme, most of the mutants were significantly more stable towards oxidative stress in the presence of Cu(II) ions, whereas the temperature optima and kinetic constants of the enzymatic reaction are not significantly altered by the mutations. Determination of the Tm values revealed that the stability at temperatures above 50 degrees C is optimal for the native and the recombinant wt enzyme (Tm 57 degrees C), whereas the Tm values of the mutant enzymes vary in the range 44-52 degrees C. Best results in initial tests concerning the application of the enzyme for regeneration of NADH in biotransformation of trimethyl pyruvate to Ltert leucine were obtained with two mutants, FDHC23S and FDHC23S/C262A, which are significantly more stable than the wt enzyme.
Model-Based Human Circadian Phase Estimation Using a Particle Filter (2011)

We present a method for tracking an individual's circadian phase that integrates dynamic models of circadian physiology with physiological measurements in a Bayesian statistical framework. A model of the circadian pacemaker's response to light exposure is transformed into a nonlinear state-space model with a circadian phase state. The probability distribution of the circadian phase is estimated by a particle filter that predicts changes over time based on the model, and performs updates with information gained from physiological measurements. Simulations demonstrate how probability distributions allow flexible initialization of model states and enable statistical quantification of entrainment and divergence properties of the circadian pacemaker. The combined use of sleep-wake scheduling data and physiological measurements is demonstrated in a case study highlighting advantages for addressing the challenge of noninvasive ambulatory monitoring of circadian physiology.
On the conversion of dihydroartemisinic acid into artemisinin (1992)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTOn the conversion of dihydroartemisinic acid into artemisininNancy Acton and Ronald J. RothCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1992, 57, 13, 3610–3614Publication Date (Print):June 1, 1992Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 June 1992https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo00039a020https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00039a020research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views1340Altmetric-Citations88LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Multi-User MIMO Relay System with Self-Interference Cancellation (2007)

Next generation wireless communication systems need to support data rates much greater than 3G systems. This will require more efficient utilization of the radio resource. Relay and MIMO (multiple input multiple output) techniques can significantly enhance system power efficiency, extend system coverage and are considered promising candidates for next generation wireless communication systems. In this paper, we propose a multi-user MIMO relay protocol which utilizes self-information to subtract the interference in two-way communication systems. It is shown that the proposed protocol achieves more than 30% capacity gain compared to previously proposed multi-user MIMO relay protocols in various system scenarios. An adaptive relay power allocation algorithm is also discussed to further increase the system power efficiency.
Higher autoantibody levels and recognition of a linear NH2-terminal epitope in the autoantigen GAD65, distinguish stiff-man syndrome from insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus. (1994)

The smaller form of the GABA-synthesizing enzyme glutamic acid decarboxylase (GAD65) is a major autoantigen in two human diseases that affect its principal sites of expression. Thus, destruction of pancreatic beta cells, which results in insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM), and impairment of GABA-ergic synaptic transmission in Stiff-Man syndrome (SMS) are both characterized by circulating autoantibodies to GAD65. Anti-GAD65 autoantibodies in IDDM are predominantly directed to conformational epitopes. Here we report the characterization of humoral autoimmune responses to GAD65 in 35 SMS patients, of whom 13 (37%) also had IDDM. All SMS patients immunoprecipitated native GAD65 and the main titers were orders of magnitude higher than in IDDM patients. Furthermore, in contrast to the situation in IDDM, autoantibodies in 35 of 35 (100%) of SMS patients recognized denatured GAD65 on Western blots. Two major patterns of epitope specificity were identified on Western blots. The first pattern, detected in 25 of 35 SMS patients (71%), of whom 11 had IDDM (44%), was predominantly reactive with a linear NH2-terminal epitope residing in the first eight amino acids of GAD65. Nine of nine individuals who were HLA-haplotyped in this group carried an IDDM susceptibility haplotype and HLA-DR3, DQw2 was particularly abundant. The second pattern, detected in 10 of 35 patients (29%) of whom two had IDDM (20%), included reactivity with the NH2-terminal epitope plus strong reactivity with one or more additional epitope(s) residing COOH-terminal to amino acid 101. The second epitope pattern may represent epitope spreading in the GAD65 molecule, but may also include some cases of epitope recognition associated with IDDM resistant HLA-haplotypes. The principal NH2-terminal linear epitope in GAD65 distinguishes the reactivity of SMS and IDDM autoantibodies and may be a determinant of pathogenicity for GABA-ergic neurons. The greater magnitude and distinct specificity of the humoral response to GAD65 in SMS may reflect a biased involvement of the T helper cell type 2 (Th2) subset of CD4+ T cells and antibody responses, whereas IDDM is likely mediated by the Th1 subset of CD4+ T cells and cytotoxic T cell responses.
Electrostatics and flexibility drive membrane recognition and early penetration by the antimicrobial peptide dendrimer bH1 (2013)

Molecular dynamics simulations of the polycationic antimicrobial peptide dendrimer (Leu)8(DapLeu)4(DapPhe)2DapLys-NH2 binding to membranes suggest that electrostatic interactions with the polyanionic lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and conformational flexibility of the 2,3-diaminopropanoic acid (Dap) branching units drive its selective insertion into microbial membranes.
Fully Biodegradable Microsupercapacitor for Power Storage in Transient Electronics (2017)

In this work, the authors report materials, fabrication strategies, and applications of biodegradable microsupercapacitors (MSCs) built using water‐soluble (i.e., physically transient) metal (W, Fe, and Mo) electrodes, a biopolymer, hydrogel electrolyte (agarose gel), and a biodegradable poly(lactic‐ co ‐glycolic acid) substrate, encapsulated with polyanhydride. During repetitive charge/discharge cycles, the electrochemical performance of these unusual MSCs is dramatically enhanced, following from the role of pseudocapacitance that originates from metal‐oxide coatings generated by electrochemical corrosion at the interface between the water‐soluble metal electrode and the hydrogel electrolyte. Systematic studies reveal the dissolution kinetics/behaviors of each individual component of the MSCs, as well as those of the integrated devices. An encapsulation strategy that involves control over the thickness, chemistry, and molecular weight of the constituent materials provides a versatile means to engineer desired functional lifetimes. Demonstration experiments illustrate potential applications of these biodegradable MSCs as transient sources of power in the operation of light‐emitting diodes and as charging capacitors in integrated circuits for wireless power harvesting.
Handwritten Signature Verification Using Wrist-Worn Devices (2018)

This paper suggests a novel verification system for handwritten signatures. The proposed system is based on capturing motion signals from the sensors of wrist-worn devices, such as smartwatches and fitness trackers, during the signing process, to train a machine learning classifier to determine whether a given signature is genuine or forged. Our system can be used to: (1) Verify signatures written on paper documents, such as checks, credit card receipts and vote by mail ballots. Unlike existing systems for signature verification, our system obtains a high degree of accuracy, without requiring an ad hoc digital signing device. (2) Authenticate a user of a secure system based on "who you are" traits. Unlike existing "motion-based" authentication methods that commonly rely on long-term user behavior, writing a signature is a relatively short-term process. In order to evaluate our system, we collected 1,980 genuine and forged signature recordings from 66 different subjects, captured using a smartwatch device. Applying our signature verification system on the collected dataset, we show that it significantly outperforms two other state-of-the-art systems, obtaining an EER of 2.36% and an AUC of 98.52%.
The diagnostic significance of the multifocal pattern visual evoked potential in glaucoma (1999)

The concept of objective perimetry is an exciting one because it strives to assess glaucoma damage without relying on psychophysical testing. The recent introduction of multifocal stimulus recording has enhanced our ability to examine the human visual field using electrophysiology. A multifocal pattern visual evoked potential can now be recorded, testing up to 60 sites within the central 25 degrees. The test requires only that the subject fixate on a target, while a cortically scaled dartboard pattern stimulus undergoes pseudorandom alternation within each of the test segments. In its present configuration the test requires at least 8 minutes recording time per eye. Modified bipolar electrode positions are required to ensure that adequate signals are detected from all parts of the visual field. In glaucoma patients, pattern visual evoked potential amplitudes have been shown to reflect visual field loss with reduction of signal amplitude in the affected areas. This technique represents the first major step toward objective detection of visual field defects in glaucoma.
In-plane-type channel drop filter in a two-dimensional photonic crystal slab (2004)

An in-plane-type channel-drop filtering device with input/output waveguides and a point defect cavity in a two-dimensional photonic crystal slab is investigated. The in-plane operation becomes possible by employing a point defect cavity with an extremely high Q factor to suppress the radiation loss for the out-of-plane direction. 60° bends are also introduced in the output waveguide to avoid interference between the input/output waveguides. The transmission frequency range of the output waveguide with bends is tuned by changing the size of the air holes at the apex of the corner so that the resonant frequency of the point defect cavity is within the transmission band. A channel drop operation with a very high resolution of 0.12 nm is successfully observed at 1.55 μm wavelengths.
Rapid fabrication of custom patient biopsy guides (2009)

Image guided surgery is currently performed using frame-based as well as frameless approaches. In order to reduce the invasive nature of stereotactic guidance as well as to reduce the cost in both equipment and time required within the operating room we investigated the use of rapid prototyping (RP) technology. In our approach we fabricated custom patient specific face-masks and guides that can be applied to the patient during surgery. These guides provide a stereotactic reference for the accurate placement of surgical tools to a pre-planned target along a pre-planned trajectory. While the use of RP machines has previously been shown to be satisfactory for the accuracy standpoint, one of our design criteria, completing the entire built and introduction into the sterile field in less than 120 minutes, was unobtainable. Our primary problems were the fabrication time and the non-resistance of the built material to high-temperature sterilization. In the current study, we have investigated the use of subtractive rapid prototyping (SRP) machines to perform the same quality of surgical guidance while improving the fabrication time and allowing for choosing materials suitable for sterilization. Because SRP technology does not offer the same flexibility as RP in term of prototype shape and complexity, our software program was adapted to provide new guide designs suitable for SRP fabrication. The biopsy guide was subdivided for a more efficient built with the parts being uniquely assembled to form the final guide. The accuracy of the assembly was then assessed using a modified Brown-Roberts-Wells phantom base that allows measuring the position of a biopsy needle introduced into the guide and comparing it with the actual planned target. These tests showed that 1) SRP machines provide an average accuracy of 0.77 mm with a standard deviation of 0.05 mm (plus or minus one image pixel) and 2) SRP allows for fabrication and sterilization within three and a half hours after diagnostic image acquisition and we are confident that that further improvements can reduce this time to less than two hours. Further tests will determine the accuracy of the positioning of the face mask on the patient's head under an IRB-approved trial judged against actual frame-based and frameless systems.
Dynamic query path selection from lattice of cuboids using memory hierarchy (2013)

Data warehouse represents multi-dimensional data suitable for analytical processing and logically data are organized in the form of data cube or cuboid. Data warehouse actually represents a business theme which is called fact table. The cuboid that identifies the complete fact table is called base cuboid. The all possible combination of the cuboids that could be generated from base cuboid corresponds to lattice structure. A lattice consists of numbers of cuboids. In real life, all these cuboids may not be important for business analysis. Thus all of them are not always called during business processing. The cuboids that are referred in different applications are fetched from diverse memory hierarchy such as cache memory, primary memory and secondary memory. The different execution speed of the respective memory element is taken into account which forms a memory hierarchy. The focus of this research work is to dynamically identify the most cost effective path within the lattice structure of cuboids to minimize the query access time having the knowledge of existing cuboid location at different memory elements.
Applications of photoinduced electron spin polarization at room temperature to microwave technology (2001)

We present a method for controlling the bulk permeability via spin polarization generated by light excitation. This process involves the magnetic interaction of photoexcited triplets with stable radicals in liquid solution. The resulting non-Boltzmann spin population of the stable radical is reflected by a significant change in the permeability of the chemical system. We demonstrate how these light-driven changes result in conspicuous changes in the reflection coefficient (amplitude and phase) of a microwave cavity in which the active chemical system is placed. This effect can lead the way to ultralow noise microwave amplifiers and low-loss microwave phase shifters, operating at room temperature with very low spin temperature (&lt;16 K). Moreover, the nonlinear character of the phenomenon can be utilized for devices, which protect sensitive instrumentation from a strong destructive microwave pulse.
Vaccines against Pathogenic Streptococci (2003)

Introduction Comparative Genomics of Streptococci A Vaccine against Group B Streptococcus A Vaccine against Group A Streptococcus Conclusions References
Fungicidal Potency and Mechanisms of θ-Defensins against Multidrug-Resistant Candida Species (2018)

Systemic candidiasis is a growing health care concern that is becoming even more challenging due to the growing frequency of infections caused by multidrug-resistant (MDR) <i>Candida</i> species. Thus, there is an urgent need for new therapeutic approaches to candidiasis, including strategies bioinspired by insights into natural host defense against fungal pathogens. The antifungal properties of θ-defensins, macrocyclic peptides expressed in tissues of Old World monkeys, were investigated against a panel of drug-sensitive and drug-resistant clinical isolates of <i>Candida albicans</i> and non-<i>albicans Candida</i> species. Rhesus θ-defensin 1 (RTD-1), the prototype θ-defensin, was rapidly and potently fungicidal against drug-sensitive and MDR <i>C. albicans</i> strains. Fungal killing occurred by cell permeabilization that was temporally correlated with ATP release and intracellular accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Killing by RTD-1 was compared with that by histatin 5 (Hst 5), an extensively characterized anticandidal peptide expressed in human saliva. RTD-1 killed <i>C. albicans</i> much more rapidly and at a >200-fold lower concentration than that of Hst 5. Unlike Hst 5, the anticandidal activity of RTD-1 was independent of mitochondrial ATP production. Moreover, RTD-1 was completely resistant to <i>Candida</i> proteases for 2 h under conditions that rapidly and completely degraded Hst 5. MICs and minimum fungicidal concentrations (MFCs) of 14 natural θ-defensins isoforms against drug-resistant <i>C. albicans</i> isolates identified peptides that are more active than amphotericin B and/or caspofungin against fluconazole-resistant organisms, including MDR <i>Candida auris.</i> These results point to the potential of macrocyclic θ-defensins as structural templates for the design of antifungal therapeutics.
DNA Mediated Solubilization of Single Wall Carbon Nanotubes (2008)

DNA has been recognized as an efficient dispersion agent that individually exfoliate and chirality-fractionate single wall carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) according to their diameter and metallicity. Amongst, single stranded d(GT) <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">n</sub> DNA has been known to efficiently disperse individual-level nanotube and mediate their subsequent chirality separation, when eluted from an anion exchange column at various salt concentrations. However, the cost for typical synthetic oligomer, ranging ~25,000$/g, hinders the bulk-scale solubilization and separation of SWCNTs. In this paper, we present a solubilization and separation study of SWCNTs by using salmon sperm DNA (SaDNA), which costs 20$/g as a byproduct from the fishing industry. We show that the SaDNA exfoliates and disperses SWCNTs on a comparable level to d(GT) <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">n</sub> oligomer. The NIR and resonance Raman analysis from the solubilized nanotube samples will be presented along with the chirality dependent separation results from SaDNA mediated SWCNT dispersion.
A 2.9-mW 11-b 20-MS/s pipelined ADC with dual-mode-based digital background calibration (2012)

We report an 11-b 20-Ms/s pipelined ADC in 0.18-μm CMOS with a novel dual-mode-based digital background calibration method that altogether corrects errors caused by gain insufficiency, gain nonlinearity, and capacitor mismatches. The calibration enables an intentional use of low-gain single-stage op amps instead of conventional high-gain multi-stage op amps, with which we achieve a total ADC power dissipation of 2.9 mW and a short convergence time of 10 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">5</sup> . The calibration improves the SNDR from 45 dB to 60 dB, and the SFDR from 50 dB to 86 dB. The figure-of-merit is 174 fJ/conversion-step.
Demonstration of effectively non-reciprocal optical fiber directional couplers (1985)

Optical fiber local area networks(LANs) are used to provide high-speed communication among a large number of stations.1 Maximizing the number of possible stations is a major design goal, and this is typically limited by the available optical power. The efficiency of power injection in busses like that shown in Fig. 1 is limited by the principle of reciprocity, which demands that the fraction of local transmitter power injected into the bus at each station be equal to the fraction of the bus power removed for the local receiver.2,3 This is clearly sub-optimal, since the number of nodes is maximized when the former coupling coefficient is unity and the latter is a few percent.
Theory of distributed estimation using multiple asynchronous sensors (2005)

This work solves a practical sensor to sensor track fusion problem when the sensors used are asynchronous, communication delays exist between sensor platforms and track fusion center, and tracks may arrive out-of-sequence. For the proposed linear fusion rule, the solution is shown to be optimal in the minimum mean square sense. The new fusion rule does not require the synchronization of tracks for the purpose of track fusion. The batch processing of incoming tracks provides an elegant solution for the out-of-sequence and latent tracks without special processing of such data. As an example, it is shown that the Bar-Shalom-Campo fusion rule is a special case of the new asynchronous track fusion algorithm.