gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
<i>In vitro</i> platelet adhesion on polymeric surfaces with varying fluxes of continuous nitric oxide release (2007)

Nitric oxide (NO) is released by endothelial cells that line the inner walls of healthy blood vessels at fluxes ranging from 0.5 x 10(-10) to 4.0 x 10(-10) mol cm(-2) min(-1), and this continuous NO release contributes to the extraordinary thromboresistance of the intact endothelium. To improve the biocompatibility of blood-contacting devices, a biomimetic approach to release/generate NO at polymer/blood interfaces has been pursued recently (with NO donors or NO generating catalysts doped within polymeric coatings) and this concept has been shown to be effective in preventing platelet adhesion/activation via several in vivo animal studies. However, there are no reports to date describing any quantitative in vitro assay to evaluate the blood compatibilities of such NO release/generating polymers with controlled NO fluxes. Such a methodology is desired to provide a preliminary assessment of any new NO-releasing material, in terms of the effectiveness of given NO fluxes and NO donor amounts on platelet activity before the more complex and costly in vivo testing is carried out. In this article, we report the use of a lactate dehydrogenase assay to study in vitro platelet adhesion on such NO-releasing polymer surfaces with varying NO fluxes. Reduced platelet adhesion was found to correlate with increasing NO fluxes. The highest NO flux tested, 7.05 (+/-0.25) x 10(-10) mol cm(-2) min(-1), effectively reduced platelet adhesion to nearly 20% of its original level (from 14.0 (+/-2.1) x 10(5) cells cm(-2) to 2.96 (+/-0.18) x 10(5) cells cm(-2)) compared to the control polymer coating without NO release capability.
A MEMS variable optical attenuator (2002)

The need for smaller and more capable attenuators has motivated the application of MEMS technology to produce a compact variable optical attenuator suitable for optical telecommunications environments. In this paper we describe a silicon-MEMS device that employs a simple thermal actuator to variably move a gold/silicon attenuation vane into the optical path.
Diffractive optics with high Bragg selectivity: volume holographic optical elements in Bayfol® HX photopolymer film (2015)

For a long time volume Holographic Optical Elements (vHOE) have been discussed as an alternative, but were hampered by a lack of suitable materials. They provide several benefits over surface corrugated diffractive optical element like high diffraction efficiency due to their ability to reconstruct a single diffraction order, freedom of optical design by freely setting the replay angles and adjusting their bandwidth by a selection of the vHOE’s thickness. Additional interesting features are related to their high Bragg selectivity providing transparent films for off-Bragg illumination. In this paper we report on our newly developed photopolymer film technology (Bayfol® HX) that uniquely requires no post processing after holographic exposure. We explain the governing non-local polymerization driven diffusion process leading to an active mass transport triggered by constructive interference. Key aspects of the recording process and their impact on index modulation formation is discussed. The influence on photopolymer film thickness on the bandwidth is shown. A comparison between coupled wave theory (CWT) simulation and experimental results is given. There are two basic recording geometries: reflection and transmission vHOEs. We explain consequences of how to record them properly and discuss in more detail the special challenges in transmission hologram recording. Here beam ratio and customization of photopolymer film properties can be applied most beneficially to achieve highest diffraction efficiency.
Wireless ferroelectric resonating sensor (2010)

This paper presents a passive wireless resonating sensor that is based on a ferroelectric varactor. The sensor replies with its data at an intermodulation frequency when a reader device illuminates it at 2 closely located frequencies. The paper derives a theoretical equation for the response of such a sensor, verifies the theory by simulations, and demonstrates a temperature sensor based on a ferroelectric varactor.
<title>Offline recognition of handwritten cursive words</title> (1992)

A robust algorithm for offline cursive script recognition is described. The algorithm uses a generate-and-test paradigm to analyze cursive word images. The generate phase of the algorithm intelligently segments the word after analyzing certain structural features present in the word. The test phase determines the most likely character candidates among the segmentation points by using a recognition algorithm trained on generalized cursive letter shapes. In a sense, word recognition is done by sliding a variable sized window across the word looking for recognizable characters and strokes. The output of this system is a list of all plausible interpretations of the word. This list is then analyzed by a two-step contextual post- processor which first matches all of the interpretations to a supplied dictionary using a string matching algorithm. This eliminates the least likely interpretations. The remaining candidates are then analyzed for certain character spatial relationships (local reference line finder) to finally rank the dictionary. The system has the advantage of not requiring explicit word training yet is able to recognize many handwriting styles. This system is being successfully tested on a database of handwritten words extracted from live mail with dictionary sizes of up to 300 words. Planned extensions include developing a multilevel generate-and-test paradigm which can handle any type of handwritten word.
A computational model for MOS prediction (2003)

A computational model to predict MOS (mean opinion score) of processed speech is proposed. The system measures the distortion of processed speech (compared to the source speech) using a peripheral model of the mammalian auditory system and a psychophysically-inspired measure, and maps the distortion value onto the MOS scale. This paper describes our attempt to derive a "universal", database-independent, distortion-to-MOS mapping function. Preliminary experimental evaluation shows that the performance of the proposed system is comparable with ITU-T recommendation P.861 for clean speech sources, and outperforms the P.861 recommendation for speech sources corrupted by either car or babble noise at 30 dB SNR.
Multi-Cone Model for Estimating GPS Ionospheric Delays (2009)

The multi-cone model is a computational model for estimating ionospheric delays of Global Positioning System (GPS) signals. It is a direct descendant of the conical-domain model. A primary motivation for the development of this model is the need to find alternatives for modeling slant delays at low latitudes, where ionospheric behavior poses an acute challenge for GPS signal-delay estimates based upon the thin-shell model of the ionosphere.
AβPP-Selective BACE Inhibitors (ASBI): Novel Class of Therapeutic Agents for Alzheimer's Disease (2013)

A systematic approach was used to identify AβPP-selective BACE inhibitors (ASBI) and to evaluate their in vivo ability to modulate AβPP processing selectively. We identified a bioflavonoid nutritional supplement as a molecular lead that acts as an ASBI in cell models, and show that increasing brain levels of this bioflavonoid through a pro-drug approach leads to reduction of Aβ42 in an Alzheimer's disease mouse model. ASBIs represent a novel class of candidate therapeutic agents for Alzheimer's disease.
Regulation of Fas-mediated Apoptosis in CD2-<i>fas</i>Transgenic Mice (1999)

Fas-mediated apoptosis is an essential mechanism for maintenance of immune homeostasis. The expression of Fas is regulated at transcriptional and protein levels. Furthermore, several death domain molecules and caspases are crucial downstream mediators and executioners of Fas-mediated apoptosis. A tightly regulated interaction of these molecules ensures normal immune functions, including the execution of activation-induced cell death, T-cell mediated cytotoxicity, and surveillance of immune privileged tissues. In contrast, abnormally increased or decreased Fas-mediated apoptosis is a major pathogenic mechanism of several diseases, including systemic or tissue-specific autoimmune diseases and immune deficiency. Two CD2-fas transgenic mouse lines are described here to demonstrate the importance of controlling Fas-mediated apoptosis. Correction of Fas in Fas-mutant mice restored apoptosis function and ameliorated autoimmune symptoms, whereas a long-term enhancement of Fas expression in Fas-normal mice resulted in an increased acute-phase response and renal amyloidosis in aged transgenic mice.
Split DNA Enzyme for Visual Single Nucleotide Polymorphism Typing (2008)

A probe that changes solution color in the presence of only one of the two DNA sequences, which differ by a single nucleotide, is reported. The probe consists of two oligodeoxyribonucleotides, which form a hydrogen peroxidase-like DNA enzyme when hybridized to the abutting fragments of the complementary analyte. The active peroxidase catalyzes oxidation of colorless substrates to the colored products. The probe allows visual detection of a mutation in Alzheimer's disease related DNA.
Development of Clinical-Stage Human Monoclonal Antibodies That Treat Advanced Ebola Virus Disease in Nonhuman Primates (2018)

This antibody cocktail provides complementary mechanisms of actions, incorporates novel specificities, and demonstrates high-level postexposure protection from lethal EBOV disease in NHPs. It is now undergoing testing in normal healthy volunteers in preparation for potential use in future Ebola epidemics.
Spectroscopic imaging for detection of ischemic injury in rat kidneys by use of changes in intrinsic optical properties (2005)

It is currently impossible to consistently predict kidney graft viability and function before and after transplantation. We explored optical spectroscopy to assess the degree of ischemic damage in kidney tissue. Tunable UV laser excitation was used to record autofluorescence images, at different spectral ranges, of injured and contralateral control rat kidneys to reveal the excitation conditions that offered optimal contrast. Autofluorescence and near-infrared cross-polarized light-scattering imaging were both used to monitor changes in intensity and spectral characteristics, as a function of exposure time to ischemic injury. These two modalities provided different temporal behaviors, arguably arising from two different mechanisms providing direct correlation of intrinsic optical signatures to ischemic injury time.
Machine Vision Recognition of Weld Pool in Gas Tungsten Arc Welding (1995)

The weld pool and its surrounding area can provide a human welder with sufficient visual information to control welding quality. Seam tracking error and pool geometry can be recognized by a skilled human welder and then utilized to adjust the welding parameters. However, for machine vision, accurate real-time recognition of weld pool geometry is a difficult task due to the high intensity arc light, even though seam tracking errors can be detected. A novel vision system is, therefore, used to acquire quality images against the arc. A real-time recognition algorithm is proposed to analyse the image and recognize the pool geometry based on the pattern recognition technique. Despite surface impurity and other influences, the pool geometry can always be recognized with sufficient accuracy in 150 ms under different welding conditions. To explore the potential application of machine vision in weld penetration control, experiments are conducted to show the correlation between pool geometry and weld penetration state. Thus, pool recognition also provides a possible technique for front-face sensing of the weld penetration.
Involvement of the <i>CACNA1A</i> gene containing region on 19p13 in migraine with and without aura (2001)

The increased allele sharing in the CACNA1A gene region on 19p13 is consistent with an important involvement of this region in migraine, especially migraine with aura.
Generation of high energy and high quality ultrashort pulses in moderately non-linear fiber chirped pulse amplifier (2009)

We report the generation of high temporal quality high energy ultra-short pulses from a moderately non-linear fiber chirped pulse amplifier. The system is based on a two amplification stages and delivers 270 fs pulses of 100 μJ energy at a repetition rate of 300 kHz. The excellent temporal quality of the recompressed pulses, down to 1.1 the Fourier limit, allows the production of ~ 340 MW of peak power. The fibre chirped pulse amplifier is design to compensate the nonlinear phase shift accumulated throughout the amplifier stages by third order of dispersion provided by mismatched temporal stretcher and compressor units.
Exploiting query logs for cross-lingual query suggestions (2010)

Query suggestion aims to suggest relevant queries for a given query, which helps users better specify their information needs. Previous work on query suggestion has been limited to the same language. In this article, we extend it to cross-lingual query suggestion (CLQS): for a query in one language, we suggest similar or relevant queries in other languages. This is very important to the scenarios of cross-language information retrieval (CLIR) and other related cross-lingual applications. Instead of relying on existing query translation technologies for CLQS, we present an effective means to map the input query of one language to queries of the other language in the query log. Important monolingual and cross-lingual information such as word translation relations and word co-occurrence statistics, and so on, are used to estimate the cross-lingual query similarity with a discriminative model. Benchmarks show that the resulting CLQS system significantly outperforms a baseline system that uses dictionary-based query translation. Besides, we evaluate CLQS with French-English and Chinese-English CLIR tasks on TREC-6 and NTCIR-4 collections, respectively. The CLIR experiments using typical retrieval models demonstrate that the CLQS-based approach has significantly higher effectiveness than several traditional query translation methods. We find that when combined with pseudo-relevance feedback, the effectiveness of CLIR using CLQS is enhanced for different pairs of languages.
Simultaneous high efficiency capture of CO.sub.2 and H.sub.2S from pressurized gas (2016)

Low-cost and energy-efficient CO.sub.2 and H.sub.2S capture is provided obtaining greater than 99.9% capture efficiency from pressurized gas. The acid species are captured in an ammonia solution, which is then regenerated by stripping the absorbed species. The solution can capture as much as 330 grams of CO.sub.2 and H.sub.2S per 1000 gram of water and when regenerated it produces pure pressurized acid gas containing more than 99.7% CO.sub.2 and H2S. The absorption of the acid species is accomplished in two absorbers in-series, each having multiple stages. More than 95% of the acid species are captured in the first absorber and the balance is captured in the second absorber to below 10 ppm concentration in the outlet gas. The two absorbers operate at temperatures ranging from 20-70 degrees Celsius. The two absorbers and the main stripper of the alkaline solution operate at similar pressures ranging from 5-200 bara.
Combining raman spectroscopy with background near-infrared autolluorescence to improve the non-invasive detection of malignant tumors (2005)

This study evaluated and compared the diagnostic ability of near-infrared (NIR) autofluorescence spectroscopy, NIR Raman spectroscopy, and the superimposed Raman and NIR autofluorescence spectroscopy for in vivo detection of malignant tumors using a murine model.
Hardware/Software Instruction Set Configurability (2001)

New application-focused system-on-chip platforms motivate new application-specific processors. Configurable and extensible processor architectures offer the efficiency of tuned logic solutions with the flexibility of standard high-level programming methodology. Automated extension of processor function units and the associated software environment - compilers, debuggers, simulators and real-time operating systems - satisfies these needs. At the same time, designing at the level of software and instruction set architecture significantly shortens the design cycle and reduces verification effort and risk. This paper describes the key dimensions of extensibility within the processor architecture, the instruction set extension description language and the means of automatically extending the software environment from that description. It also describes two groups of benchmarks, EEMBC’s Consumer and Telecommunications suites, that show 20 to 40 times acceleration of a broad set of algorithms through application-specific instruction set extension, relative to high
Cloning of a Second Arabidopsis Peptide Transport Gene (1996)

Previously, we reported the isolation of a peptide transport gene designated AtPTR2 from Arabidopsis thaliana by functional complementation of a yeast peptide transport mutant. We now report the isolation of a second peptide transport gene (AtPTR2-B) from Arabidopsis using the same approach. Similar to the effects of transferring AtPTR2-A (previously called AtPTR2), transfer of AtPTR2-B to yeast peptide transport mutants restored the ability to grow on di- and tripeptides but not peptides four residues or longer. However, unlike yeast mutants complemented with either the yeast PTR2 gene or the AtPTR2-A gene, transformants expressing AtPTR2-B were only partially sensitive to toxic peptides. Northern analysis showed that AtPTR2-B was constitutively expressed in all plant organs. Studies of the kinetics indicated that AtPTR2-A and AtPTR2-B have Km values of 47 and 14 microM, respectively, with Vmax values of 0.061 and 0.013 nmol mg-1 cell dry weight s-1, respectively, when dileucine was used as a substrate. AtPTR2-B is encoded on a 2.0-kb cDNA corresponding to a 585-amino acid protein (64.4 kD). Hydropathy analysis indicates that the protein is highly hydrophobic and suggests that there are 12 putative transmembrane segments. AtPTR2-B, like AtPTR2-A, shares significant similarity to a number of other proteins involved in transport of peptides into cells.
Whole shaft visibility and mechanical performance for active MR catheters using copper-nitinol braided polymer tubes (2009)

We have engineered a new loopless antenna configuration that imparts interventional MR catheters with satisfactory mechanical and imaging characteristics. This compact loopless antenna design can be generalized to visualize the whole shaft of any general-purpose polymer catheter to perform safe interventional procedures.
Demonstration of a frequency-modulated, pulsed optical parametric oscillator (1997)

We demonstrate that injection seeding a pulsed optical parametric oscillator with frequency modulated cw light with a modulation period equal to the cavity round-trip time produces pulses that have the same modulated character as the seed. A sensitivity of 10−3 was demonstrated for these pulses in frequency-modulated absorption measurements.
Sensor subset selection for traffic management (2011)

As Intelligent Transportation Systems (ITS) gain wider adoption, one critical decision city authorities need to make is what sensors to use to get the traffic data. There is a slew of techniques available varying in accuracy, coverage and cost to install and maintain, not to mention the diversity in which they can be set up and how they may complement each other. Even if a city starts with one preferred sensor (e.g., security cameras), over time, technology presents more options that may synergistically work together (e.g., mobile phones). Consequently, a city planning to use traffic sensors for ITS soon finds that it has to make, and continuously reassess, among multiple sensor types for increased benefits on its ITS investments. In this paper, we empirically explore what subset of sensors work well in what conditions and report that (a) data from Call Data Records (CDRs) of low-cost phones can complement sensors due to their high-coverage and low-cost despite inherent errors, and (b) a prescriptive method can provide optimal sensor subset selection for a traffic condition.
Mutational Analysis of Conserved Residues of the -Subunit of Human Farnesyl:Protein Transferase (1997)

The roles of 11 conserved amino acids of the beta-subunit of human farnesyl:protein transferase (FTase) were examined by performing kinetic and biochemical analyses of site-directed mutants. This biochemical information along with the x-ray crystal structure of rat FTase indicates that residues His-248, Arg-291, Lys-294, and Trp-303 are involved with binding and utilization of the substrate farnesyl diphosphate. Our data confirm structural evidence that amino acids Cys-299, Asp-297, and His-362 are ligands for the essential Zn2+ ion and suggest that Asp-359 may also play a role in Zn2+ binding. Additionally, we demonstrate that Arg-202 is important for binding the essential C-terminal carboxylate of the protein substrate.
Effects of Synthesis Gas Concentration, Composition, and Operational Time on Tubular Solid Oxide Fuel Cell Performance (2022)

There is tremendous potential to utilize the exhaust gases and heat already present within combustion chambers to generate electrical power via solid oxide fuel cells (SOFCs). Variations in system design have been investigated as well as thorough examinations into the impacts of environmental conditions and fuel composition/concentration on SOFC performance. In an attempt to isolate the impacts of carbon monoxide and hydrogen concentration ratios within the exhaust stream, this work utilizes multi-temperature performance analyses with simulated methane combustion exhaust as fuel combined with dilute hydrogen baseline tests. These comparisons reveal the impacts of the complex reaction pathways carbon monoxide participates in when used as an SOFC fuel. Despite these complexities, performance reductions as a result of the presence of carbon monoxide are low when compared to similarly dilute hydrogen as a fuel. This provides further motivation for the continued development of SOFC-CHP systems. Stability testing performed over 80 h reveals the need for careful control of the operating environment as well as signs of carbon deposition. As a result of gas flow disruption, impacts of anode oxidation that may normally not hinder power production become significant factors in addition to coarsening of the anode material. Thermal management and strategies to minimize these impacts are a topic of future research.
Estimation of the aortic pressure waveform from a peripheral artery pressure waveform via an adaptive transfer function (2008)

We developed a new technique to estimate the aortic pressure (AP) waveform from a single peripheral artery pressure (PAP) waveform. The technique 1) employs a parallel tube model of the arterial tree to establish a transfer function relating PAP to AP with unknown parameters; 2) estimates the parameters from the measured PAP waveform, along with a single non-invasive measurement of the wave transmission delay from the aorta to the peripheral artery measurement site, by exploiting the fact that aortic flow is zero during diastole; and 3) applies the transfer function to the PAP waveform to predict the unmeasured AP waveform. In this way, in contrast to the conventional generalized transfer function paradigm, the transfer function is able to adapt to the inter-subject and temporal variability of the arterial tree. We applied this adaptive transfer function technique to PAP waveforms measured from five dogs instrumented with reference AP catheters during various hemodynamic interventions. Our results showed that the technique was able to reliably estimate the AP waveform with an overall error of 4.2 mmHg. For comparison, the corresponding errors of two previously proposed generalized transfer functions trained on a subset of the same canine data were, on average, 19% larger.