gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Key functional role and lineage-specific expression of selected HOXB genes in purified hematopoietic progenitor differentiation (1994)

Although it is well established that homeobox (HOX) genes play a key role in normal human embryogenesis, the expression and function of HOX genes in normal hematopoiesis is largely unknown. We have investigated by reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction the mRNA expression of HOXB cluster genes (3' to 5' position in the cluster: from HOXB2 through B9) in 72% to 88% purified hematopoietic progenitor cells (HPCs) from adult peripheral blood induced in liquid suspension culture to gradual erythroid or granulopoietic (largely eosinophilic) differentiation and maturation by differential growth factor (GF) stimulus (ie, low-dose interleukin-3 [IL-3] and granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor [GM-CSF] and high-dose erythropoietin, or saturating amounts of IL-3/GM-CSF, respectively). Only B3 is expressed in quiescent HPCs. After GF treatment B3 expression is enhanced in the initial 24 hours and then through differentiation and maturation in erythroid and granulopoietic cultures. HOXB4 and B5 are induced at slightly later times and expressed through maturation in both lineages, whereas B6 is selectively induced in granulocytic differentiation. B2 is transiently expressed at low level in the granulopoietic pathway, whereas it is detected only in advanced stages of erythropoiesis: B7, B8, and B9 are essentially not detected. Functional studies were performed with antisense phosphorothioate oligomers to HOX mRNAs and included control analysis of the targeted mRNA. The results are strictly coherent with the HOX mRNA expression pattern: (1) anti-B3 oligomer (alpha-B3) treatment of purified HPCs induces a striking blockade of both erythroid and granulomonocytic colony formation (similarly, alpha-B3 treatment of K562 cell line causes a significant dose-related inhibition of cell proliferation); (2) alpha-B6 selectively and markedly inhibits granulomonocytic colony formation; (3) alpha-B4 and alpha-B5 cause a significant, less pronounced decrease of both colony types; (4) finally, alpha-B2 and alpha-B7, -B9 exert little and no effect, respectively. These studies provide novel evidence on the coordinate expression of selected HOXB cluster genes in erythropoiesis and granulopoiesis, particularly in the early stages of differentiation: B3 apparently functions as a master gene in early hematopoiesis, whereas B6 exerts a key selective function in the granulopoietic pathway.
Dynamics of neuronal intermediate filaments: A developmental perspective (1992)

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Complement Factor H Is Elevated in Bronchoalveolar Lavage Fluid and Sputum from Patients with Lung Cancer (2010)

Measurement of molecular biomarkers, such as complement factor H, may be used in the future as an adjunct to cytology in the diagnosis of malignant pulmonary diseases.
An Immunophenotyping of Ovarian Cancer With Clinical and Immunological Significance (2018)

Immune checkpoint blockade (ICB), mainly anti-CTLA-4 and anti-PD-1/PD-L1 therapy, has showed promising clinical benefits in the treatment of some cancer types; however, its application in ovarian cancer is still in the primary stage. Immunophenotyping can help us understand the clinical characteristics and immune status of cancer, and thus benefit immunotherapy and personalized therapy. In this study, we clustered 907 ovarian cancer patients into three immune molecular subtypes (IMMSs) based on 48 genes. Expression data were downloaded from the Gene Expression Omnibus database. Unsupervised consensus clustering was used to identify IMMS. Clinical and immunological characteristics and gene expression patterns of different IMMS were compared, and associations between IMMS and tumor microenvironment immune types were explored. Three IMMSs with different clinical and immunological characteristics were identified, in which type I and II ovarian cancer patients were similar to each other. There were more serous and low-grade tumors in type I and II ovarian cancer. IMMS was associated with disease-free survival before and after adjusting for clinical characteristics and ICB-related genes. Among the differentially expressed genes identified in our study, about 90% (25/28) were highly expressed in type I and II ovarian cancer. Genes related to ICB (<i>CTLA-4, PD-L1</i>, and <i>PD-L2</i>) and cytotoxic lymphocytes (<i>CD8A, GZMA</i>, and <i>PRF1</i>) were all highly expressed in type I and II ovarian cancer. Patients with type I and II ovarian cancer may be more sensitive to anti-CTLA-4 therapy, anti-PD-1/PD-L1 therapy, and a combination of immunotherapies. In contrast, patients with type III ovarian cancer may be insensitive to these treatments and require new therapies.
New cross-bridged cyclam derivative CB-TE1K1P, an improved bifunctional chelator for copper radionuclides (2013)

A new cross-bridged cyclam chelator, CB-TE1K1P, was developed for copper-based radiopharmaceuticals, and this chelator can be labelled with (64)Cu under mild conditions in high specific activity. DBCO-PEG4-CB-TE1K1P was synthesized for conjugation to proteins, while Dde-CB-TE1K1P((t)Bu2)-OH was synthesized for solid-phase peptide synthesis. Examples of the conjugation chemistry, radiolabelling and serum stability of each are presented.
Preventing Recurrent Upper Gastrointestinal Bleeding in Patients with<i>Helicobacter pylori</i>Infection Who Are Taking Low-Dose Aspirin or Naproxen (2001)

Among patients with H. pylori infection and a history of upper gastrointestinal bleeding who are taking low-dose aspirin, the eradication of H. pylori is equivalent to treatment with omeprazole in preventing recurrent bleeding. Omeprazole is superior to the eradication of H. pylori in preventing recurrent bleeding in patients who are taking other NSAIDs.
The use of mitochondrial DNA and short tandem repeat typing in the identification of air crash victims (1999)

In February 1998, a civilian air plane crashed into a remote mountainside in the Philippines, killing all 104 passengers and crew. The victims were subjected to severe environmental insult, preventing conventional identification methods in most cases. As part of the identification process, samples were subjected to a combination of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) and short tandem repeat (STR) DNA profiling. The DNA extracted from the victims' remains was in all cases highly degraded. However, profiling using mtDNA was still successful with 95% of the victims' samples; this compared to a 50% success rate using three STR loci. The use of mtDNA and STR profiling enabled 187 human fragments from the crash site to be placed into 80 distinct groups; when combined with postmortem data, the samples could be further separated into 95 distinct groups, thereby assisting in the identification process.
Effects of annealing on the structural and mechanical properties of electrospun polymeric nanofibres (2006)

Biodegradable polymeric nanofibres produced by electrospinning have been used as scaffolds for tissue engineering. Before these nanofibrous scaffolds can be implanted into the human body, it is important to know if the individual nanofibres are strong enough to withstand the forces exerted by the cells as they grow and migrate on the scaffold. However, due to the small size of the nanofibres, it is a challenge to characterize the mechanical properties of individual nanofibres. Therefore, we aim to mechanically characterize a single nanofibre using both a tensile test and a nanoscale three-point bend test. As some scaffolds may be heat-treated by annealing to enhance the stiffness and strength of the nanofibres, we also investigate the effects of annealing on the structural and mechanical properties of single nanofibres. The material properties of as-spun and annealed nanofibres were studied using differential scanning calorimetry and atomic force microscopy. Annealing was found to increase the Young's modulus of the nanofibre mainly due to the increase in crystallinity and the change in morphology from a purely fibrillar structure to a mixture of fibrillar and nano-granular structure with enhanced interfibrillar bonding.
SOFTWARE FOR VIRTUAL ACCELERATOR DESIGNING (2011)

The article discusses appropriate technologies for software implementation of the Virtual Accelerator. The Virtual Accelerator is considered as a set of services and tools enabling transparent execution of computational software for modeling beam dynamics in accelerators on distributed computing resources. Distributed storage and information processing facilities utilized by the Virtual Accelerator make use of the Service-Oriented Architecture (SOA) according to a cloud computing paradigm. Control system toolkits (such as EPICS, TANGO), computing modules (including high-performance computing), realization of the GUI with existing frameworks and visualization of the data are discussed in the paper. The presented research consists of software analysis for realization of interaction between all levels of the Virtual Accelerator and some samples of middleware implementation. A set of the servers and clusters at St.-Petersburg State University form the infrastructure of the computing environment for Virtual Accelerator design. Usage of component-oriented technology for realization of Virtual Accelerator levels interaction is proposed. The article concludes with an overview and substantiation of a choice of technologies that will be used for design and implementation of the Virtual Accelerator.
Multiple Organ Failure Can Be Predicted as Early as 12 Hours after Injury (1998)

Postinjury MOF can be predicted as early as 12 hours after injury. The APS-APACHE III added little to the predictive power of tissue injury, shock and host factors.
Blanching alters the phenolic constituents and in vitro antioxidant and anticholinesterases properties of fireweed (Crassocephalum crepidioides) (2015)

This research investigated the effect of blanching on the phenolic distribution and in vitro antioxidant and anticholinesterase properties of the HCl-methanolic extracts from fireweed. Phenolic-rich extracts were prepared by extracting the powdered blanched and unblanched fireweed leaves with a mixture of absolute 1 M HCl and methanol (1:1 v/v). The phenolic constituents were analysed using high-performance chromatography coupled to a diode array detector (HPLC-DAD). Furthermore, the extracts' in vitro antioxidant [1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), 2,2-azinobis(3-ethylbenzo-thiazoline-6-sulfonate (ABTS) radical scavenging and Fe2+ chelating abilities and inhibition of Fe2+-induced lipid peroxidation in isolated rat brain] properties and inhibitory effects against acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and butyrylcholinesterase (BChE) were determined in vitro. The HPLC-DAD analysis detected four phenolic acids (gallic, chlorogenic, caffeic and ellagic acids) and three flavonoids (catechin, rutin and quercetin) that were abundant in the unblanched fireweed extract. The findings further showed that the unblanched fireweed extract had higher antioxidant and AChE and BChE inhibitory properties compared to the blanched fireweed extract. The increased antioxidant and anticholinesterase properties of the unblanched fireweed extract could be linked to its higher concentrations of the phenolic constituents compared to the blanched firewood. Therefore, blanching leads to a decrease in the antioxidant and anticholinesterase properties of fireweed, as evidenced by a reduction/loss in the polyphenolic content from the blanched fireweed.
Synthesis and interaction with uridine phosphorylase of 5'-deoxy-4',5-difluorouridine, a new prodrug of 5-fluorouracil (1988)

5'-Deoxy-4',5-difluorouridine (4'-F-5'-dFUrd) (10) has been synthesized on the basis of the rationale that the labilization of the glycosidic linkage caused by the 4'-fluoro substituent might allow this compound to be a better prodrug form of the anticancer drug 5-fluorouracil (FUra) than is the widely studied fluoropyrimidine 5'-deoxy-5-fluorouridine (5'-dFUrd). The rate of solvolytic hydrolysis of the glycosidic linkage of 4'-F-5'-dFUrd at pH 1 was about 500-fold faster than that of 5'-dFUrd. Since uridine phosphorylase is thought to be the enzyme that causes degradation of 5'-dFUrd in vivo to generate FUra, we compared the substrate interactions of 5'-dFUrd and 4'-F-5'-dUrd with this enzyme. The Vmax for hydrolysis of 4'-F-5'-dFUrd to FUra by uridine phosphorylase was about 5-fold greater than that of 5'-dFUrd, whereas the Km value of 4'-F-5'-dFUrd was 10-fold lower. The combination of these two factors results in 4'-F-5'-dFUrd having a 50-fold higher value of V/K than does 5'-dFUrd. Against L1210 cells in culture, the IC50 value for growth inhibition by 4'-F-5'-dFUrd was 3 X 10(-7) compared to 3 X 10(-6) for 5'-dFUrd.
A Crucial Role for Hydrogen Sulfide in Oxygen Sensing <i>via</i> Modulating Large Conductance Calcium-Activated Potassium Channels (2009)

Hydrogen sulfide (H(2)S) is an important signaling molecule produced from L-cysteine by cystathionine beta-synthetase (CBS) or cystathionine gamma-lyase (CSE). Here we examined the role of H(2)S in the oxygen-sensing function of the carotid body chemoreceptors, where the large conductance Ca(2+)-activated potassium channel (BK(Ca)) plays a key role. In the isolated mouse carotid body/sinus nerve preparations, the H(2)S donor, NaHS, excited the chemoreceptor afferent nerves in a concentration-dependent manner that was reversed by carbon monoxide donor. The NaHS-evoked excitation was abolished by removing extracellular Ca(2+), or using Cd(2+), pyridoxalphosphate-6-azophenyl-2',4'-disulfonic acid and hexomethonium, suggesting that H(2)S evokes release of ATP/ACh from type I glomus cells of the carotid body. The chemoreceptor afferent activation by hypoxia was decreased remarkably using CBS inhibitors, amino oxyacetic acid (AOAA) and hydroxylamine, but not CSE inhibitors, propargylglycine and beta-cyano-L-alanine, despite expression of both enzymes in type I glomus cells. In these cells, the BK(Ca) currents were inhibited by hypoxia and such inhibition was mimicked by NaHS and diminished by AOAA. Finally, mice hyperventilated in response to hypoxia, which was prevented by CBS inhibitors. These data suggest that H(2)S plays a crucial role in mediating the response of carotid body chemoreceptors to hypoxia via modulating the BK(Ca) channels.
Microfiltration tangentielle avec décolmatage sur membranes céramiques (1984)

La microfiltration tangentielle avec dcolmatage est tudie sur une membrane cramique tubulaire en alumine pure structure anisotrope dont la couche filtrante possde des pores de diamtre 0,2 um, Un appareil de microfiltration tangentielle original de trs faible volume mort et dnu de boucle de recirculation est prsent. Il permet d'obtenir en tout point de la membrane et rapidement des conditions identiques de pression, vitesse tangentielle et concentration. Le dcolmatage est assur par un organe refoulant une fraction de permat sous des conditions ajustables.
Global epidemiology of hepatitis B virus infection: New estimates of age-specific HBsAg seroprevalence and endemicity (2012)

Declines in HBV infection prevalence may be related to expanded immunization. The increasing overall number of individuals being chronically infected with HBV, and the widespread global differences in HBV prevalence call for targeted approaches to tackle HBV-related mortality and morbidity. HBV infection prevalence data are needed at country and sub-national level to estimate disease burden and guide health and vaccine policy.
Feel the action (2013)

Deformable User Interfaces (DUIs) often require external confirmation of the status of the interface, which is normally provided visually. We propose that tactile cues can also be employed for this end. In a user study that presents both visual and tactile cues in redundancy, we found that both channels can be combined with no loss in user experience or performance. This validates our design for further research on multimodal designs that make use of no redundancy in the supporting cues.
Study of Mean Platelet Volume As Predictive Index of Neonatal Sepsis (2017)

Background: Changes in platelet volume indices have been found in infectious diseases. Higher MPV [mean platelet volume] and PDW [platelet development width] values were observed in patients with sepsis compared to the patients who did not have sepsis. It is emphasized that indices might be helpful indices in predicting survival in sepsis. Material and Methods: A total of 54 newborns (sepsis group) and 55 healthy newborns (control group) were evaluated in this study. The groups were evaluated in terms of significant differences in the values of mean platelet volume and platelet distribution width. A p value of <0.05 was considered statistically significant for all results. Results: The study revealed statistically significant MPV and CRP in neonates with sepsis comapred to healthy neonatal subjects on day 1 and 3. Conclusion: It is concluded that increased level of MPV and CRP on day 1 and day 3 (p<0.001) and proposes that these observations can be useful in detecting inflammation in early neonatal life and mortality risk.
<i>RASSF1A</i> is not appropriate as an early detection marker or a prognostic marker for non‐small cell lung cancer (2005)

Aberrant methylation of several tumor suppressor genes often occurs during the pathogenesis of lung cancer. RASSF1A is one of the tumor suppressor genes, and it is frequently inactivated by hypermethylation of its promoter region in a variety of human cancers, including lung cancer. It has recently been suggested that RASSF1A methylation was frequently observed in poorly differentiated tumors, and that it was correlated with adverse survival in lung adenocarcinoma (Tomizawa Y, et al., Clin Cancer Res 2002;8:2362-8). In this study, we investigated the pathogenetic and clinicopathologic significance of RASSF1A methylation for the development and/or progression of non small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). We examined 116 cases of NSCLC for the methylation status of RASSF1A. Methylation-specific analysis demonstrated that 40.5% (47 of 116) of the cases were methylated at the CpG sites in the promoter. Methylation of RASSF1A was associated with cellular differentiation (p = 0.0244) and it was related to survival (p = 0.0276). However, there was no association between RASSF1A methylation and the individual clinicopathologic features: TNM stage (p > 0.1), recurrence (p > 0.1), lymphatic permeation (p > 0.1) and smoking duration time (p > 0.1). Furthermore, we analyzed RASSF1A's probability as a prognostic marker by using stepwise Cox proportional hazard regression testing. As a result, the stage proved to be the most important factor (p = 0.0089), more than any other factors such as age, gender, cell type, methylation status, differentiation, smoking duration time, tumor size and lymph node permeation. There was no other significant factor other than stage and age. These results show that epigenetic inactivation of RASSF1A cannot be a prognostic marker of NSCLC.
One-step fabrication of robust superhydrophobic and superoleophilic surfaces with self-cleaning and oil/water separation function (2018)

Superhydrophobic surfaces have great potential for application in self-cleaning and oil/water separation. However, the large-scale practical applications of superhydrophobic coating surfaces are impeded by many factors, such as complicated fabrication processes, the use of fluorinated reagents and noxious organic solvents and poor mechanical stability. Herein, we describe the successful preparation of a fluorine-free multifunctional coating without noxious organic solvents that was brushed, dipped or sprayed onto glass slides and stainless-steel meshes as substrates. The obtained multifunctional superhydrophobic and superoleophilic surfaces (MSHOs) demonstrated self-cleaning abilities even when contaminated with or immersed in oil. The superhydrophobic surfaces were robust and maintained their water repellency after being scratched with a knife or abraded with sandpaper for 50 cycles. In addition, stainless-steel meshes sprayed with the coating quickly separated various oil/water mixtures with a high separation efficiency (>93%). Furthermore, the coated mesh maintained a high separation efficiency above 95% over 20 cycles of separation. This simple and effective strategy will inspire the large-scale fabrication of multifunctional surfaces for practical applications in self-cleaning and oil/water separation.
Decreased Expression of Cyclic Adenosine Monophosphate-Regulated Aldose Reductase (AKR1B1) Is Associated with Malignancy in Human Sporadic Adrenocortical Tumors (2004)

The human aldose reductase, AKR1B1, participates in glucose metabolism and osmoregulation and is supposed to play a protective role against toxic aldehydes derived from lipid peroxidation and steroidogenesis that could affect cell growth/differentiation when accumulated. Adrenal gland is a major site of expression of AKR1B1, and we asked whether changes in its expression could be associated with adrenal disorders. Therefore, we examined AKR1B1 gene expression in human fetal adrenals, adrenocortical cell line, and tumors and compared the results with the expression of steroidogenic genes (StAR and CYP11A) and regulators of adrenal cortex development [steroidogenic factor-1 (SF-1) and dosage-sensitive sex reversal-adrenal hypoplasia congenita critical region on the X chromosome, gene 1 (DAX1)]. Using specific antibodies, Northern blotting, and enzymatic assays, we present evidences that AKR1B1 detectable in 15-wk-old fetal glands is regulated by cAMP in NCI-H295 cells and thus that AKR1B1 is functionally related to the ACTH-responsive murine akr1b7/mvdp gene rather than to its direct ortholog, the mouse aldose reductase akr1b3 gene. Although low DAX1 expression in aldosterone-producing adenomas (n = 5) was confirmed (P < 0.05), no correlation was found between the expression of all other genes and the tumors endocrine activity. In contrast, relative abundance of AKR1B1 mRNA was decreased in adrenocortical carcinomas (n = 5; mean +/- sem, 0.95 +/- 0.2) when compared with adenomas (n = 12; 9.29 +/- 3.05; P < 0.001). Most (seven of eight) adrenocortical carcinomas (19.0 +/- 5.4) had very low relative AKR1B1 protein levels when compared with benign tumors (cortisol-producing adenomas, n = 5, 63.0 +/- 9.8; nonfunctional adenomas, n = 5, 58.0 +/- 10.4; aldosterone-producing adenomas, n = 4, 65.3 +/- 7.7; P < 0.001), Cushing's hyperplasia (n = 5, 54.6 +/- 5.3; P < 0.01), or normal adrenals (n = 4; 37.1 +/- 5.3; P < 0.001). These properties provide the first evidence that expression of cAMP-regulated AKR1B1 is decreased in adrenocortical cancer. This might take part in adrenal tumorigenesis and could be investigated as a marker of malignancy for the diagnosis of adrenal tumors.
Preparation and reactions of isocyano‐1,3,5‐triazines (1989)

Abstract The title compounds 3 were prepared in low yields from the carbylamine reaction of amino‐1,3,5‐triazines 1 under phase‐transfer conditions. Isocyanotriazine 3a readily reacted with amines in the presence of copper salts to afford triazinylformamidines 4 , and also with active methylene compounds in the presence of base to afford addition products 5 and 6 , indicating the high electrophilicity of 3. The reactions of isocyanotriazine with electrophiles such as carbonyl compounds and bromine are also described.
The Three Stages of Teaching Reading (2005)

If we want to improve our way of teaching, one way is to teach reading in three stages: Pre- reading stage, while-reading stage, and post- reading stage. Each stage has a different goal and deals with different reading strategies. Prereading means before the text is read. In while reading stage, we have looked at the main reading skills: skimming, scanning , reading for detail , drawing inferences about the author's purpose and intention. Post - reading stage mainly focuses on the exploitation of the text. It aims to help the reader understand the content and structure of the text, as well as the author's purpose in writing it.