gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
CO<sub>2</sub> Capture from Dilute Gases as a Component of Modern Global Carbon Management (2011)

The growing atmospheric CO(2) concentration and its impact on climate have motivated widespread research and development aimed at slowing or stemming anthropogenic carbon emissions. Technologies for carbon capture and sequestration (CCS) employing mass separating agents that extract and purify CO(2) from flue gas emanating from large point sources such as fossil fuel-fired electricity-generating power plants are under development. Recent advances in solvents, adsorbents, and membranes for postcombust- ion CO(2) capture are described here. Specifically, room-temperature ionic liquids, supported amine materials, mixed matrix and facilitated transport membranes, and metal-organic framework materials are highlighted. In addition, the concept of extracting CO(2) directly from ambient air (air capture) as a means of reducing the global atmospheric CO(2) concentration is reviewed. For both conventional CCS from large point sources and air capture, critical research needs are identified and discussed.
Development of the Use of Alternative Cements for the Treatment of Intermediate Level Waste. (2007)

This paper describes initial development studies undertaken to investigate the potential use of alternative, non ordinary Portland cement (OPC) based encapsulation matrices to treat historic legacy wastes within the UK's Intermediate Level Waste (ILW) inventory. Currently these wastes are encapsulated in composite OPC cement systems based on high replacement with blast furnace slag of pulverised fuel ash. However, the high alkalinity of these cements can lead to high corrosion rates with reactive metals found in some wastes releasing hydrogen and forming expansive corrosion products. This paper therefore details preliminary results from studies on two commercial products, calcium sulfo-aluminate (CSA) and magnesium phosphate (MP) cement which react with a different hydration chemistry, and which may allow wastes containing these metals to be encapsulated with lower reactivity. The results indicate that grouts can be formulated from both cements over a range of water contents and reactant ratios that have significantly improved fluidity in comparison to typical OPC cements. All designed mixes set in 24 hours with zero bleed and the pH values in the plastic state were in the range 10-11 for CSA and 5-7 for MP cements. In addition, a marked reduction in aluminium corrosion rate has been observed in bothmore » types of cements compared to a composite OPC system. These results therefore provide encouragement that both cement types can provide a possible alternative to OPC in the immobilisation of reactive wastes, however further investigation is needed. (authors)« less
[Recent advances in enzymatic production of alpha-keto acids]. (2019)

Alpha-keto acid is a bifunctional organic compound containing both carboxyl and ketone groups, and widely applied in the industries of food, pharmaceutical and cosmetics. Based on the demand of eco-friendly process, safety and sustainable development, production of α-keto acids by enzymatic conversion technology has been paid more and more attention. In this article, we review the status of α-keto acids biosynthesis from three aspects: enzymatic screening, enzymatic modification and optimization of enzymatic conversion conditions. Meanwhile, we also indicate future research directions for further improving α-keto acids production.
Design of Multiresponsive Hydrogel Particles and Assemblies (2010)

Abstract In the realm of soft nanotechnology, hydrogel micro‐ and nanoparticles represent a versatile class of responsive materials. Over the last decade, our group has investigated the synthesis and physicochemical properties of a variety of synthetic hydrogel particles. From these efforts, several particle types have emerged with potentially enabling features for biological applications, including nanogels for targeted drug delivery, microlenses for biosensing, and coatings for biomedical devices. For example, core/shell nanogels have been used to encapsulate and deliver small interfering RNA to ovarian cancer cells; nanogels used in this fashion may improve therapeutic outcomes for a variety of macromolecular therapeutics. Microgels arranged as multilayers on implantable biomaterials greatly minimize the host inflammatory response to the material. Furthermore, the triggered release of drugs (i.e., insulin) has been demonstrated from similar assemblies. The goal of this feature article is to highlight developments in the design of responsive microgels and nanogels in the context of our recent efforts and in relation to the community that has grown up around this fascinating class of materials.
Differential developmentally regulated expression of gelsolin family members in the mouse (1999)

The gelsolin family of actin-modulating proteins contains seven mammalian members of which three have similar domain structure and function: gelsolin, capG, and adseverin. Previous studies have provided some information on the expression of these proteins, but no comprehensive analysis of expression during development has been performed. By in situ hybridization to murine embryo sections, we show that gelsolin expression is widespread but focal from e12.5 onward, with the exception of brain and mucosal epithelium. In contrast, CapG expression is high in mucosal epithelium, inner renal medulla, and adrenal cortex, and seen at much lower levels more broadly. Adseverin expression is even more restricted, being seen at sites of endochondral bone formation during development only, and in developing and adult outer renal medulla and intestine. In parallel analyses the three genes demonstrated patterns of expression that were complementary and non-overlapping in nearly all organs. The observations suggest new functions for these proteins in organ systems and tissues where their expression was not previously recognized. They further suggest that the proteins have distinct tissue-specific functions in modulating the actin cytoskeleton during cellular motile activities, and that such functions have diverged since the genes arose ancestrally by gene duplication. Dev Dyn 1999;215:297–307. © 1999 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Threshold policies for load sharing in heterogeneous systems (2002)

The authors adopt a queuing-theoretic approach to analyzing different threshold policies in the context of a particular model: the single-queue multiple-server (SQMS) model. Computing nodes are represented as servers and the authors consider the general case where they may have different service rates. This is a model of a centrally scheduled system as the entire system work-load goes through a common dispatcher. Jobs cannot be preempted once assigned to servers, and the communication cost is assumed to be included in the processing cost. A class of policies called threshold policies is studied, wherein scheduling decisions are based on whether or not a defined threshold is exceeded. An efficient heuristic for determining the thresholds is presented and its performance is compared with other load sharing policies. The heuristic is found to perform quite well compared with other policies.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
DETECTION OF ELECTRICITY PYLONS AND CABLES BY RADAR (1977)

Wire strikes by light fixed and rotary wing aircraft have long been the concern of military aviation authorities in many countries. The result of this potential hazard particularly in darkness or bad weather conditions, is that the role of such aircraft is severely restricted. This paper describes work carried out in England to measure the radar reflectivity of samples of the common types of power cable at a variety of frequencies, polarization and angles of incidence. This work showed that in addition to a broadside flash, vertically polarized Q band signals gave significant reflections at angles of incidence of approximately 20 degree and 40 degree . These subsidiary returns were caused by the twisted construction of the cables and corresponded to the secondary and tertiary gating lobes of the periodic ripple in the cable surface.
Significant delay in the introduction of systemic treatment of moderate to severe psoriasis: a prospective multicentre observational study in outpatients from hospital dermatology departments in France (2012)

There is a significant delay in the introduction of systemic treatment in moderate to severe psoriasis. Patients with low level anxiety and limited use of healthcare resources appear to be at higher risk of experiencing long delays.
Effect of interfacial area on densification and microstructural evolution in silicon carbide–boron carbide particulate composites (2015)

A range of SiC–B4C composites have been prepared by pressureless sintering, using different proportions of two sizes of B4C; 7 and 70 μm. The interfacial area between the B4C and SiC has been quantified and is shown to have a significant effect on both densification and the resultant microstructure of the composites. SiC/B4C interfaces typically hinder densification. SiC/B4C interfacial area is also shown to be related to grain growth and polytype distribution in the SiC. With more SiC/B4C interfacial area, grain growth in the SiC is restricted and less of the SiC transforms from the starting 6H polytype to the 4H one. It is therefore suggested that it may be possible to use SiC/B4C interfacial area as a means by which to engineering the microstructure.
Role of MUC Genes and Mucins in Pancreatic Neoplasia (2006)

Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan Reprint requests and correspondence: N. Volkan Adsay, M.D., Wayne State University, 9374 Scott Hall, Detroit, MI 48201.
Synthesis and Postsynthetic Modification of Oligodeoxynucleotides Containing 4-Thio-2'-deoxyuridine (ds4U) (1994)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTSynthesis and Postsynthetic Modification of Oligodeoxynucleotides Containing 4-Thio-2'-deoxyuridine (ds4U)Robert S. Coleman and Edward A. KesickiCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1994, 116, 26, 11636–11642Publication Date (Print):December 1, 1994Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 December 1994https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00105a002https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00105a002research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views616Altmetric-Citations47LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Preparation and Characterization of Polyimide/ZnO Nano-hybrid Films Exhibiting High Refractive Indices (2010)

A series of polyimides (PIs) / zincoxide (ZnO) nano-hybrid materials exhibiting high transparency, high refractive indices, and low wavelength dispersions were prepared by the in situ thermal decomposition method. First, the optical properties of six kinds of matrix PIs were investigated, and a fully aromatic PI derived from 4,4'-(hexafluoroisopropylidene) diphthalic dianhydride (6FDA) and 9,9-bis (4-aminophenyl) fluorene (BAFL) and a semi-aromatic PI derived from 3,3';4,4'-biphenyl tetracarboxylic dianhydride (BPDA) and 4,4'-diaminodicyclohexylmethane (DCHM) were chosen as transparent matrices. Secondly, two types of ZnO precursors, which are thermally decomposed into ZnO, were chosen, and the thermal decomposition behaviors of the ZnO precursors dissolved in PI films was examined by far-infrared (Far-IR) and variable temperature mid-infrared (IR) spectra. The PI/ZnO hybrid films prepared from Zn(NO3)26H2O as a ZnO precursor exhibit yellowish coloration, though the transparency of the hybrid films was significantly improved by using a preheated Zn(NO3)26H2O at 110 °C as a ZnO precursor or using a soluble PI solutions in place of poly(amic acid) solutions. The PI/ZnO hybrid films exhibited high thermal degradation temperatures, and 6FDA-BAFL and BPDA-DCHM/ZnO hybrid films exhibited higher refractive indices by up to +0.0037 (+0.25 %) and +0.0130 (+1.10 %), respectively, compared with the pristine PIs. In the case of BPDA-DCHM, the effect of hybridization with ZnO on the increase in the refractive index at infinite wavelength (n∞) relative to the coefficient of wavelength dispersion (D) is more significant than that of modifying the chemical structures of PIs.
MeshWorks: an efficient framework for planning, synthesis and optimization of clock mesh networks (2008)

A leaf-level clock mesh is known to be very tolerant to variations (Restle et al., 2001). However, its use is limited to a few high-end designs because of the high power/resource requirements and lack of automatic mesh synthesis tools. Most existing works on clock mesh (Restle et al., 2001) either deal with semi-custom design or perform optimizations on a given clock mesh. However, the problem of obtaining a good initial clock mesh has not been addressed. Similarly, the problem of achieving a smooth tradeoff between skew and power/resources has not been addressed adequately. In this work, we present MeshWorks, the first comprehensive automated framework for planning, synthesis and optimization of clock mesh networks with the objective of addressing the above issues. Experimental results suggest that our algorithms can achieve an additional reduction of 26% in buffer area, 19% in wirelength and 18% in power, compared to the recent work of Venkataraman et al., (2006) with similar worst case maximum frequency under variation.
A convenient synthesis of tricyclic purine derivatives (1993)

Abstract A convenient synthesis of new heterocycles such as 7,8‐dihydro‐1 H ‐imidazo[2,1‐ i ]purin‐5(4 H )‐ones ( 2 , n = 0) and 5,6‐dihydro‐1 H ‐imidazo[2,1‐ b ]purin‐9(8 H )‐ones ( 3 ) was described. The syntheses of 2 and 3 were accomplished by treatment of 6‐methylthio‐7 H ‐purin‐2(3‐ H )‐ones 7 or 2‐benzylthio‐1‐methyl‐9‐triphenylmethyl‐9 H ‐purin‐6(1 H )‐one ( 15 ) with appropriate aminoalcohol followed by dehydrative cyclization using thionyl chloride. Compound 15 was efficiently prepared by benzylation of 6‐hydroxy‐2‐mercaptopurine ( 12 ) followed by tritylation and N ‐methylation.
Improved liquid-chromatographic determination of haloperidol in plasma. (1984)

Abstract This method for determination of haloperidol in plasma is based on "high-performance" isocratic liquid chromatography with the use of a C8 bonded reversed-phase column at room temperature. Haloperidol and the internal standard (chloro-substituted analog) are extracted from alkalinized plasma into isoamyl alcohol/heptane (1.5/98.5 by vol) and back-extracted into dilute H2SO4. The aqueous phase is directly injected onto the column. The mobile phase is a 30/45/25 (by vol) mixture of phosphate buffer (16.5 mmol/L, pH 7.0), acetonitrile, and methanol. Unlike other liquid-chromatographic procedures for haloperidol, commonly used psychotropic drugs do not interfere. Analysis can be completed within an hour. The procedure is extremely sensitive (1.0 microgram/L) and is well reproducible (CV 5.6% for a 2.5 micrograms/L concentration in plasma).
Adhesive Contact of a Compliant Sphere to an Elastic Coated Substrate: The Thin Film Limit (2007)

Experimental results for adhesive contacts on substrates coated with elastomeric thin films have recently been obtained by Tardivat and Léger [1 Tardivat , C. and Léger L. , J. Adhesion Sci. Technol. 15 , 1055 – 1078 ( 2001 ).[Taylor & Francis Online], [Web of Science ®] , [Google Scholar]] by the so-called Johnson-Kendall-Roberts (JKR) test, which provides both adhesion energy and elastic modulus. These data show that on substrates coated with thin films the adhesion and effective elastic modulus of the sphere depend upon the film thickness. In keeping with the experimental conditions, we try to interpret these data using a simple model [4 Barthel , E. and Perriot , A. , J. Phys. D: Appl. Phys. 40, 1059–1067 (2007).[Crossref] , [Google Scholar]] in the thin film limit, i.e., when the film thickness is small compared with the contact radius. Although the film does impact the local crack tip stress field, we show that no effect on the macroscopic contact variables is expected for the adhesion to coated substrates in such confined geometries. The deviations from the experimental results are ascribed to the idealized contact boundary conditions assumed in the model.
Windows Small Business Server 2011 Administrator's Companion (2008)

This comprehensive administrator s reference delivers the details you need to successfully deploy, manage, and support Windows Small Business Server 2008. The authors, experts in Microsoft operating systems and server technologies, provide easy-to-follow procedures, practical workarounds, and key troubleshooting tactics. Delve into system features and capabilities and get hands-on insights for completing everyday tasks, including implementing messaging and collaboration, Internet access, database administration, security, faxing, support for line-of-business applications, and end-to-end network administration. This single volume covers all Small Business Server 2008 components, including Windows Server(r) 2008, Windows SharePoint(r) Services 3 technologies, Microsoft Exchange Server 2007 technologies, Microsoft SQL Server(r) 2008, Windows(r) Update Services 3.0, Web Server technologies, Windows Live OneCare for Server, and remote administration services. The book also includes timesaving tools and scripts and a complete eBook on the CD.
<title>3D imaging: where do we stand?</title> (1998)

3D imaging is the science of the methods of defining, visualizing, manipulating, and analyzing 3D object information captured in multidimensional images acquired from multiple modalities. The purpose of this paper is to give an overview of this science and to identify the major challenges currently faced in its medical applications. It describes the 3D imaging operations under four groups: preprocessing, visualization, manipulation, and analysis. Preprocessing operations go toward defining objects in given images. Visualization operations facilitate seeing and comprehending objects in their full dimensionality. Manipulation allows altering object structures and relationship among objects. Analysis deals with methods of quantifying object information. The paper describes the concepts underlying these operations. It draws two main conclusions: (1) There are two classes of approaches to 3D imaging--those based directly on image intensities and those based on object shape. (2) There are two main groups of challenges, related to object delineation and validation.
Production of Vacancies by Laser Bombardment (1971)

Vacancy concentrations estimated to be as large as 1 at. % have been induced in pure nickel and vanadium foils by bombardment with high-intensity laser pulses. Annealing bombarded foils at temperatures greater than 0. 3Tm (absolute melting point) allows vacancies to form into aggregates. Examples are shown of voids in nickel and faulted loops in vanadium. Possible mechanisms of vacancy generation are discussed.
Polycrystalline Silicon Layers with Enhanced Thermal Stability (2011)

We report on a new method of external gettering in silicon substrate for semiconductor applications. The proposed method is based on the deposition of a multilayer system formed by introducing a number of thin buried silicon oxide layers into the thick polycrystalline silicon layer deposited on the wafer backside. Oxide films of a few nanometer thicknesses significantly retard both the grain growth and subsequent loss of the gettering capability of the polycrystalline silicon layer during high temperature annealing. The mechanisms of the grain growth and the influence of the embedded oxide layers on the gettering function in the multilayer system are discussed. We used scanning electron microscopy and transmission electron microscopy for the characterization of the multilayer system, and intentional contamination for demonstration of the gettering properties.
The role of microRNAs in normal and malignant hematopoiesis (2009)

MicroRNAs are small non-coding RNAs that act at the post-transcriptional level, regulating protein expression by repressing translation or destabilizing mRNA target. Because of their discovery, microRNAs have been associated with almost every normal cell function, including proliferation, differentiation and apoptosis. Several lines of evidence suggest that they have an important role in normal hematopoiesis as exemplified by the role of mir-155 and mir-150 in the differentiation of B and T lymphocytes, the suppressive role of mir-221 and mir-222 in erythroid differentiation, the inhibitory effect of mir-181 on hematopoietic differentiation and the induction of myeloid differentiation by mir-223. Moreover, they play a role both as oncogenes, probably by a variety of mechanisms, namely through elimination of tumor suppressor proteins, or as tumor suppressor genes by targeting oncogenic mRNAs. Their aberrant expression has been associated with solid tumors and hematopoietic malignancies as suggested by the frequent deletion of mir-15a and mir-16-1 in chronic lymphocytic leukemia, the increased levels of mir-155 in diffuse large B-cell lymphomas and the increased levels of mir-181 in acute myeloid leukemia M1 and M2. The purpose of this review is to summarize current knowledge on the role of microRNAs in normal hematopoiesis and hematopoietic malignancies and, moreover, to highlight their role as potential therapeutic tools.
A three-phase active power filter operating with fixed switching frequency for reactive power and current harmonic compensation (1995)

The performance and dynamic characteristics of a three-phase active power filter operating with fixed switching frequency is presented and analyzed in this paper. The proposed scheme employs a PWM voltage-source inverter and has two important characteristics. First, it operates with fixed switching frequency, and second, it can compensate the reactive power and the current harmonic components of nonlinear loads. Reactive power compensation is achieved without sensing and computing the reactive component of the load current, thus simplifying the control system. Current harmonic compensation is done in time domain. The principles of operation of the proposed active power filter along with the design criteria of the power and control circuit components are discussed in detail. Finally, experimental results obtained from a 5 kVA prototype confirm the feasibility and the features of the proposed system.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>