gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Data-Driven Beam Tracking for Mobile Millimeter-Wave Communication Systems Without Channel Estimation (2021)

In order to guarantee the reliability of millimeter-wave communication under user mobility, fast beam tracking is essential to adapt the beamforming vectors in time-varying beamspace channels. To find the best beam alignment, traditional exhaustive search scans all possible beam directions, thus introducing up to seconds of delay for wireless networks to accommodate mobile clients. In this letter, we propose a data-driven beam tracking approach to find the beamforming/combining vectors that achieve the target quality of service based on a series of equivalent dynamic linearization data models with a time-varying pseudo-gradient parameter estimation procedure. Unlike the model-based approach, which requires the prior knowledge about the channel and user mobility in beamforming design, the proposed data-driven approach depends only on the real-time measurement data. Numerical analyses show that the proposed data-driven beam tracking algorithm can achieve reliable tracking performance with much shorter alignment time compared to traditional schemes.
Rapid Wuchereria bancrofti-Specific Antigen Wb123-Based IgG4 Immunoassays as Tools for Surveillance following Mass Drug Administration Programs on Lymphatic Filariasis (2013)

The Global Programme to Eliminate Lymphatic Filariasis has an urgent need for rapid assays to detect ongoing transmission of lymphatic filariasis (LF) following multiple rounds of mass drug administration (MDA). Current WHO guidelines support using the antigen card immunochromatographic test (ICT), which detects active filarial infection but does not detect early exposure to LF. Recent studies found that antibody-based assays better serve this function. In the present study, two tests, a rapid IgG4 enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and a lateral-flow strip immunoassay, were developed based on the highly sensitive and specific Wuchereria bancrofti antigen Wb123. A comparison of W. bancrofti-infected and -uninfected patients (with or without other helminth infections) demonstrated that both tests had high sensitivities and specificities (93 and 97% [ELISA] and 92 and 96% [strips], respectively). When the W. bancrofti-uninfected group was separated into those with other filarial/helminth infections (i.e., onchocerciasis, loiasis, and strongyloidiasis) and those who were parasite uninfected, the specificities of the assays varied between 91 and 100%. In addition, the geometric mean response by ELISA of W. bancrofti-infected patients was significantly higher than the response of those without W. bancrofti infection (P < 0.0001). Furthermore, the Wb123 ELISA and the lateral-flow strips had high positive and negative predictive values, giving valuable information on the size of survey population needed to be reasonably certain whether or not transmission is ongoing. These highly sensitive and specific IgG4 tests to the W. bancrofti Wb123 protein give every indication that they will serve as useful tools for post-MDA monitoring.
Holographic Laser Module with Dual Wavelength for Digital Versatile Disc Optical Heads (1999)

Backward compatibility with CD-R necessitates having two laser sources in the digital versatile disc (DVD) pickup head. The dual-wavelength optical head complicates pickup design and enlarges the volume of the head. Moreover, it increases the number of components and assembly cost. In this paper, we present a new design for a dual-wavelength holographic pickup-head module. Packaged together in the module are two laser diodes, photodiodes and a holographic optical element (HOE) for diffracting reflected light from the disk onto the corresponding photodetectors. This module can be used as the core of an optical head capable of reading DVD, CD and CD-R.
Structural and Antigenic Analysis of a Truncated Form of the Herpes Simplex Virus Glycoprotein gH-gL Complex (1998)

The herpes simplex virus (HSV) gH-gL complex is essential for virus infectivity and is a major antigen for the host immune system. The association of gH with gL is required for correct folding, cell surface trafficking, and membrane presentation of the complex. Previously, a mammalian cell line was constructed which produces a secreted form of gHt-gL complex lacking the transmembrane and cytoplasmic tail regions of gH. gHt-gL retains a conformation similar to that of its full-length counterpart in HSV-infected cells. Here, we examined the structural and antigenic properties of gHt-gL. We first determined its stoichiometry and carbohydrate composition. We found that the complex consists of one molecule each of gH and gL. The N-linked carbohydrate (N-CHO) site on gL and most of the N-CHO sites on gH are utilized, and both proteins also contain O-linked carbohydrate and sialic acid. These results suggest that the complex is processed to the mature form via the Golgi network prior to secretion. To determine the antigenically active sites of gH and gL, we mapped the epitopes of a panel of gH and gL monoclonal antibodies (MAbs), using a series of gH and gL C-terminal truncation variant proteins produced in transiently transfected mammalian cells. Sixteen gH MAbs (including H6 and 37S) reacted with the N-terminal portion of gH between amino acids 19 and 276. One of the gH MAbs, H12, reacted with the middle portion of gH (residues 476 to 678). Nine gL MAbs (including 8H4 and VIII 62) reacted with continuous epitopes within the C-terminal portion of gL, and this region was further mapped within amino acids 168 to 178 with overlapping synthetic peptides. Finally, plasmids expressing the gH and gL truncations were employed in cotransfection assays to define the minimal regions of both gH and gL required for complex formation and secretion. The first 323 amino acids of gH and the first 161 amino acids of gL can form a stable secreted hetero-oligomer with gL and gH792, respectively, while gH323-gL168 is the smallest secreted hetero-oligomer. The first 648 amino acids of gH are required for reactivity with MAbs LP11 and 53S, indicating that a complex of gH648-gL oligomerizes into the correct conformation. The data suggest that both antigenic activity and oligomeric structure require the amino-terminal portions of gH and gL.
Impedance Alterations in Healthy and Diseased Mice During Electrically Induced Muscle Contraction (2014)

Alterations in the health of muscles can be evaluated through the use of electrical impedance myography (EIM). To date, however, nearly all work in this field has relied upon the measurement of muscle at rest. To provide an insight into the contractile mechanisms of healthy and disease muscle, we evaluated the alterations in the spectroscopic impedance behavior of muscle during the active process of muscle contraction. The gastrocnemii from a total of 13 mice were studied (five wild type, four muscular dystrophy animals, and four amyotrophic lateral sclerosis animals). Muscle contraction was induced via monophasic current pulse stimulation of the sciatic nerve. Simultaneously, multisine EIM (1 kHz to 1 MHz) and force measurements of the muscle were performed. Stimulation was applied at three different rates to produce mild, moderate, and strong contractions. We identified changes in both single and multifrequency data, as assessed by the Cole impedance model parameters. The processes of contraction and relaxation were clearly identified in the impedance spectra and quantified via derivative plots. Reductions in the center frequency <inline-formula xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"><tex-math notation="LaTeX">${f}_{\mathrm{c}}$</tex-math></inline-formula> were observed during the contraction consistent with the increasing muscle fiber diameter. Different EIM stimulation rate-dependencies were also detected across the three groups of animals.
Geodesic image and video editing (2010)

This article presents a new, unified technique to perform general edge-sensitive editing operations on n-dimensional images and videos efficiently. The first contribution of the article is the introduction of a Generalized Geodesic Distance Transform (GGDT), based on soft masks. This provides a unified framework to address several edge-aware editing operations. Diverse tasks such as denoising and nonphotorealistic rendering are all dealt with fundamentally the same, fast algorithm. Second, a new Geodesic Symmetric Filter (GSF) is presented which imposes contrast-sensitive spatial smoothness into segmentation and segmentation-based editing tasks (cutout, object highlighting, colorization, panorama stitching). The effect of the filter is controlled by two intuitive, geometric parameters. In contrast to existing techniques, the GSF filter is applied to real-valued pixel likelihoods (soft masks), thanks to GGDTs and it can be used for both interactive and automatic editing. Complex object topologies are dealt with effortlessly. Finally, the parallelism of GGDTs enables us to exploit modern multicore CPU architectures as well as powerful new GPUs, thus providing great flexibility of implementation and deployment. Our technique operates on both images and videos, and generalizes naturally to n-dimensional data. The proposed algorithm is validated via quantitative and qualitative comparisons with existing, state-of-the-art approaches. Numerous results on a variety of image and video editing tasks further demonstrate the effectiveness of our method.
A Hybrid Acoustic and Pronunciation Model Adaptation Approach for Non-native Speech Recognition (2010)

In this paper, we propose a hybrid model adaptation approach in which pronunciation and acoustic models are adapted by incorporating the pronunciation and acoustic variabilities of non-native speech in order to improve the performance of non-native automatic speech recognition (ASR). Specifically, the proposed hybrid model adaptation can be performed at either the state-tying or triphone-modeling level, depending at which acoustic model adaptation is performed. In both methods, we first analyze the pronunciation variant rules of non-native speakers and then classify each rule as either a pronunciation variant or an acoustic variant. The state-tying level hybrid method then adapts pronunciation models and acoustic models by accommodating the pronunciation variants in the pronunciation dictionary and by clustering the states of triphone acoustic models using the acoustic variants, respectively. On the other hand, the triphone-modeling level hybrid method initially adapts pronunciation models in the same way as in the state-tying level hybrid method; however, for the acoustic model adaptation, the triphone acoustic models are then re-estimated based on the adapted pronunciation models and the states of the re-estimated triphone acoustic models are clustered using the acoustic variants. From the Korean-spoken English speech recognition experiments, it is shown that ASR systems employing the state-tying and triphone-modeling level adaptation methods can relatively reduce the average word error rates (WERs) by 17.1% and 22.1% for non-native speech, respectively, when compared to a baseline ASR system.
Unidirectional Propagation of Gas Detonations in Channels with Sawtooth Walls (2010)

Abstract : We study the detonation propagation in a channel geometry that suppresses detonation propagation in one direction, allows it in other direction, and does not create flow restrictions in the channel. The geometry consists of a series of divergent sections separated by wedges that form a sawtooth shape. Numerical simulations show that the detonation fails to propagate through this geometry in one direction because the detonation front is weakened by diffraction, and reignition centers are isolated from the main channel. In the opposite direction, convergent parts of geometry support the detonation propagation.
Pharmacodynamic and Antineoplastic Activity of BI 836845, a Fully Human IGF Ligand-Neutralizing Antibody, and Mechanistic Rationale for Combination with Rapamycin (2013)

Insulin-like growth factor (IGF) signaling is thought to play a role in the development and progression of multiple cancer types. To date, therapeutic strategies aimed at disrupting IGF signaling have largely focused on antibodies that target the IGF-I receptor (IGF-IR). Here, we describe the pharmacologic profile of BI 836845, a fully human monoclonal antibody that utilizes an alternative approach to IGF signaling inhibition by selectively neutralizing the bioactivity of IGF ligands. Biochemical analyses of BI 836845 demonstrated high affinity to human IGF-I and IGF-II, resulting in effective inhibition of IGF-induced activation of both IGF-IR and IR-A in vitro. Cross-reactivity to rodent IGFs has enabled rigorous assessment of the pharmacologic activity of BI 836845 in preclinical models. Pharmacodynamic studies in rats showed potent reduction of serum IGF bioactivity in the absence of metabolic adverse effects, leading to growth inhibition as evidenced by reduced body weight gain and tail length. Moreover, BI 836845 reduced the proliferation of human cell lines derived from different cancer types and enhanced the antitumor efficacy of rapamycin by blocking a rapamycin-induced increase in upstream signaling in vitro as well as in human tumor xenograft models in nude mice. Our data suggest that BI 836845 represents a potentially more effective and tolerable approach to the inhibition of IGF signaling compared with agents that target the IGF-I receptor directly, with potential for rational combinations with other targeted agents in clinical studies.
Expression of a bacterial xylose isomerase in an industrial strain of Saccharomyces cerevisiae (2014)

Background The use of lignocellulosic biomass rather than fossil fuel is an environmental sustainable alternative for bioethanol production. However, fermentation of lignocellulosic hydrolysates by Saccharomyces cerevisiae is not viable since this yeast cannot ferment xylose naturally. Current, several studies are being developed to introduce a pathway that allows pentose fermentation by S. cerevisiae [1]. The bacterium Propionibacterium acidipropionici, employed in many industrial processes, is able to efficiently ferment xylose using the enzyme xylose isomerase. Xylose isomerase, codified by the XI gene, converts xylose to xylulose [2]. This study aims to develop a yeast capable of fermenting xylose through the expression of the P. acidipropioniciXI gene in S. cerevisiae. Furthermore, the effect of the over expression of a gene that encodes a xylulokinase (XKS1) and the deletion of the gene that codifies an aldose reductase (AR) together with the expression of the XI gene were evaluated. These enzymes are crucial for xylose fermentation since the former converts xylulose to xylulose-5-P by the pentose phosphate pathway (PPP) and the last converts xylose into xylitol, which can alter the xylose isomerase activity [3].
<title>Performance analysis of a wavelet-based hybrid neurosystem for signal classification</title> (1996)

This paper is concerned with the problem of determining performance of a wavelet-based hybrid neurosystem trained to provide efficient feature extraction and signal classification. The hybrid network consists of a parallel array of neurosystems. Each neurosystem is constructed with three single neural networks; two of which are feature extraction networks, and the other is a classification network, are provided with magnitude and location information of the wavelet transform coefficients, respectively, and are trained with self-organizing rules. Their outputs are then presented to the classification network for pattern recognition. Based on the topological maps provided by the feature extraction neural networks, the back-propagation algorithm is used to train the third network for pattern recognition. The combination of wavelet, wavelet transform, and hybrid neural network architecture and advanced training algorithms in the design makes the system unique and provides high classification accuracy. In this paper, system performance is shown to be intrinsically related to basis kernel function used in feature extraction. A method for selecting the optimal basis function and a performance analysis using simulated data under various noise condition are presented and compared against other pattern recognition techniques.
New Method of Proportional Counter Feedback Biasing for Wide-Range Radiation Dose-Rate Monitors (1985)

A prototypic wide-range radiation dose-rate monitor for civil defense applications has been developed and tested. The specified dose-rate range (0 to 500 R/h) was displayed on a single readout scale by using feedback-controlled biasing of a proportional counter. This new method is based on controlling the avalanche multiplication factor (gas gain) of the counter by varying its bias voltage in response to its measured output current (i.e., detected dose rate). The counter output current varies between 0 and 1.5 nA in a quasilogarithmic response to dose rates between 0 and 500 R/h. The corresponding values of gas gain and bias voltage range from 1 to 300 and 200 to 1900 V respectively.
Variational analysis of new shape face shear mode quartz crystal resonator (1990)

Abstract This paper describes a variational analysis, the frequency temperature characteristics and the electrical equivalent circuit constants of a face shear mode quartz crystal resonator with two supporting portions at the ends formed by an etching method. The object of this paper is to propose a new shape face shear mode quartz crystal resonator and to clarify its frequency temperature characteristics and its electrical equivalent circuit constants in the calculation and in the experiments. A vibration analysis is performed according to the following procedure. First, a frequency equation is derived by performing a vibration analysis of a face shear mode resonator being incorporated with a vibrational portion and supporting portions with an energy method. From the obtained frequency equation, a relationship of frequency temperature coefficients vs. a cut angle or a mass ratio is clarified. Second, some of the calculated results are compared with the experimental value. As a result, the calculated and experimental results show good agreement. Finally, various constants of an equivalent circuit for quartz crystal resonators are examined. It is shown that a face shear mode quartz crystal resonator with low series resistance and a high quality factor in the frequency range of 1.5 to 4.2 MHz is obtained, even if supporting portions are added and connected to the vibrational portion.
Stereoselective Synthesis of Unsaturated and Functionalized <scp>l</scp>-NHBoc Amino Acids, Using Wittig Reaction under Mild Phase-Transfer Conditions (2012)

The stereoselective synthesis of a new amino acid phosphonium salt was described by quaternization of melting triphenylphosphine with the γ-iodo NHBoc-amino ester, derived from L-aspartic acid. The deprotection of the carboxylic acid function to afford the phosphonium salt with a free carboxylic acid group was achieved by a palladium-catalyzed desallylation reaction. This phosphonium salt was used in the Wittig reaction with aromatic or aliphatic aldehydes and trifluoroacetophenone, under solid-liquid phase-transfer conditions in chlorobenzene and in the presence of K(3)PO(4) as weak base, to afford the corresponding unsaturated amino acids without racemization. Thus, the reaction with substituted aldehydes allows to graft various functionalized groups on the lateral chain of the amino acid, such as trifluoromethyl, cyano, nitro, ferrocenyl, boronato, or azido. In addition, the reaction of the amino acid Wittig reagent with α,β-unsaturated aldehydes leads to amino acids bearing a diene on the lateral chain. Finally, this amino acid phosphonium salt appears to be a new powerful tool for the preparation of unsaturated and non-proteinogenic α-amino acids, directly usable for the synthesis of customized peptides.
A scalable scan-path test point insertion technique to enhance delay fault coverage for standard scan designs (2004)

In this paper,an automatic test pattern generator (ATPG)-based scan-path test point insertion technique,which can achieve high delay fault coverage for scan designs,is proposed. In the proposed technique,the shift dependency between adjacent scan flip-flops,which causes some delay faults to be untestable in the standard scan environment,is broken by inserting test points,which can be combinational gates as well as flip-flops. Instead of topology-based approaches used in prior publications,the proposed technique uses a special ATPG to identify pairs of adjacent scan flip-flops between which test points are inserted to improve fault coverage. Since the proposed technique inserts test points only where they are necessary,it can drastically reduce hardware overhead compared to circuit topology-based techniques. One hundred percent transition delay coverage was attained for all ISCAS 89 benchmark circuits except one. This is achieved with very small numbers of test points. On average,about 40% reduction in scan chain length against a prior approach was achieved by the proposed method for benchmark circuits with default scan chain order. Index Terms—Delay fault,scan testing,test point insertion,transition delay fault.
Design of Dual-Polarized L-Probe Patch Antenna Arrays With High Isolation (2004)

An experimental study of a dual-polarized L-probe patch antenna is presented. The antenna is designed to operate at around 1.8 GHz. A "dual-feed" technique is introduced to achieve high isolation between two input ports. The proposed antenna has an impedance bandwidth of 23.8% (SWR/spl les/2), 15% (SWR/spl les/1.5) and an isolation over 30 dB. In array designs, techniques for improving the isolation between two adjacent elements of an antenna array are also investigated. A two-element array with more than 30 dB isolation is designed and tested.
The Synthesis of Complex Audio Spectra by Means of Frequency Modulation (1973)

A new application of the well-known process of frequency modulation is shown to result in a surprising control of audio spectra. The technique provides a means of great simplicity to control the spectral components and their evolution in time. Such dynamic spectra are diverse in their subjective impressions and include sounds both known and unknown. In natural sounds the amplitudes of the frequency components of the spectrum are time-variant, or dynamic. The energy of the components often evolves in complicated ways, in particular, during the attack and decay portions of the sound. The temporal evolution of the spectrum is in some cases easily followed as with bells, whereas in other cases not, because the evolution occurs in a very short time period, but it is nevertheless perceived and is an important cue in the recognition of timbre. Many natural sounds seem to have characteristic spectral evolutions that, in addition to providing their signature, are largely responsible for what we judge to be their lively quality. In contrast, it is largely the fixed proportion spectrum of most synthesized sounds that so readily imparts to the listener the electronic cue and lifeless quality. The special application of the equation for frequency modulation, described below, allows the production of complex spectra with very great simplicity. The fact that the temporal evolution of the frequency components of the spectrum can be easily controlled is perhaps the most striking attribute of the technique, for dynamic spectra are achieved only with considerable difficulty using current techniques of synthesis. At the end of this paper some simulations of brass, woodwind, and percussive sounds are given. The importance of these simulations is as much in their elegance and simplicity as it is in their accuracy. This frequency modulation technique, although not a physical model for natural sound, is shown to be a very powerful perceptual model for at least some.