gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
STRIKE, LAW AND THE RIGHT TO STRIKE: BEFORE AND AFTER THE CONSTITUTION OF 1988 (2017)

At present, the legal nature of strikes is beyond any doubt a right in the democratic countries, as recognized by the International Labor Organization. However, such recognition has not always happened. Before the end of the 19th century, strike was considered an illicit, criminal or, the least, forbidden act. It was only by the middle of the 20th century that strike was consecrated as a workers’ right, in the International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights of the United Nations, 1966. From the constitutional point of view, our Federal Constitutions of 1824, 1891 and 1934 have not addressed the right to strike; in the Constitution of 1937, with the establishment of the “Estado Novo” (the Vargas Era), strike started to be seen as an offense and considered an anti-social and harmful resource to the Economy. The current Federal Constitution assured extensive exercise of the right to strike, established that the law should define the essential services or activities and prescribe on the fulfillment of the unavoidable needs of the community, and those who committed the abuses should be subjected to punishment established by Law. Nevertheless, its exercise is restricted and limited to provisions imposed by law, so as to protect other rights which are equally relevant to society. The participants of the strike that act in an abusive way are subjected to punishment and should take responsibility for their actions in the civil, criminal and labor spheres.
Signaling Molecules of the NF-κB Pathway Shuttle Constitutively between Cytoplasm and Nucleus (2002)

We aimed to investigate the dynamics of the NF-kappaB signaling pathway in living cells using GFP variants of p65-NF-kappaB, IkappaBalpha, tumor necrosis factor-receptor associated factor 2 (TRAF2), the NF-kappaB inducing kinase (NIK) and IkappaB kinases (IKK1 and IKK2). Detailed kinetic analysis of constitutive nucleocytoplasmic shuttling processes revealed that IkappaBalpha enters the nucleus faster than p65. Examination of signaling molecules upstream of NF-kappaB and IkappaBalpha revealed a predominant cytoplasmic localization at steady state. However, after addition of leptomycin B, NIK rapidly accumulated in the nucleus, whereas we could not detect any significant effect on TRAF2 or IKK2. Using various truncation mutants of NIK, we identified a functional nuclear export signal within the COOH-terminal region 795-805, which counteracts the inherent NLS at amino acids 143-149. Prolonged incubation in the presence of LMB also leads to nuclear accumulation of IKK1, which was dependent on a lysine residue at position 44, which is also essential for kinase activity. Investigation of endogenous protein levels by immunofluorescence staining and Western blots verified the results obtained with GFP chimeras. We conclude that NF-kappaB.IkappaB complexes and the upstream signaling kinases NIK and IKK1 shuttle between cytoplasm and nucleus of nonactivated cells and that this process leads to a basal transcriptional activity of NF-kappaB.
Realization of wide electron slabs by polarization bulk doping in graded III–V nitride semiconductor alloys (2002)

We present the concept and experimental realization of polarization-induced bulk electron doping in III–V nitride semiconductors. By exploiting the large polarization charges in the III–V nitrides, we are able to create wide slabs of high-density mobile electrons without introducing shallow donors. Transport measurements reveal the superior properties of the polarization-doped electron distributions than comparable shallow donor-doped structures, especially at low temperatures due to the removal of ionized impurity scattering. Such polarization-induced three-dimensional electron slabs can be utilized in a variety of device structures owing to their high conductivity and continuously changing energy gap.
Endogenous Endothelins Mediate Increased Acidification in Remnant Kidneys (2001)

Because endothelins (ET) mediate increased renal acidification induced by dietary acid and animals with reduced renal mass exhibit increased urinary ET-1 excretion, the hypothesis that ET mediate increased renal acidification in remnant kidneys was tested. Four weeks before the study, rats underwent a 5/6 nephrectomy (Nx) and a microdialysis apparatus was inserted into the remnant left kidney and the left kidney of sham-treated control animals, for measurements of renal ET-1 contents. Nx animals exhibited greater ET-1 addition to the renal dialysate than did control animals (681 +/- 91 versus 290 +/- 39 fmol/g kidney wt per min, P < 0.002) and greater urinary ET-1 excretion (346 +/- 79 versus 125 +/- 24 fmol/d, P < 0.02). Urinary net acid excretion rates were similar for Nx and control animals (732 +/- 106 versus 1005 +/- 293 microEq/d, P = 0.4), but Nx animals exhibited greater in situ HCO(3)(-) reabsorption in proximal (972.3 +/- 77 versus 482.6 +/- 42.4 pmol/min, P < 0.001) and distal (62.7 +/- 6.7 versus 24.3 +/- 2.5 pmol/min, P < 0.001) tubules. Orally administered bosentan, an ET(A/B) receptor antagonist, decreased urinary net acid excretion in Nx animals (to 394 +/- 99 microEq/d, P < 0.04 versus without bosentan); the decrease was mediated by decreased HCO(3)(-) reabsorption in both the proximal and distal tubules. Furthermore, bosentan decreased blood base excess in Nx animals (0.1 +/- 0.3 to -0.12 +/- 0.03 microM/ml blood, P < 0.002), consistent with acid retention. The data demonstrate that endogenous ET mediate increased urinary acid excretion in the remnant kidneys of Nx animals.
Influence of the Preparation Games on Increasing Efficiency in the Training of the School Representative Soccer Team (2019)

The soccer game offers the pupil personality development, the opportunity to cultivate imagination, creativity, a useful support for life, a healthy practice, the opportunity to socialize and to live with others in a group experience. Students practising this discipline need to understand why game leads to physical development, to temper development, abidance by the rules, and others. Respecting all these aspects, the preparation games are meant for the children's pleasure to play, to learn from sports competitions, but first to develop technical skills in simple game conditions. Preparation games on the mini-soccer field or in the gym provide favorable conditions for simultaneous development of basic or specific motor skills, psychic processes and personality traits.
Genotype-phenotype correlations in children and adolescents with nonclassical congenital adrenal hyperplasia due to 21-hydroxylase deficiency (2020)

Most of the patients have symptoms of mild androgenisation. Male patients are underdiagnosed. Diagnostics are not standardised. Differences between the types of mutations are found in the hormone concentrations but not in phenotype. We speculate that further, as yet not clearly defined, factors are responsible for the development of the respective phenotypes.
A Signal Based Clocking Scheme for A/D Converters in Body Sensor Networks (2006)

The importance of body sensor networks to monitor patients over a prolonged period of time has increased with an advance in home healthcare applications. Sensor nodes need to operate with very low-power consumption and under the constraint of limited memory capacity. Therefore, it appears wasteful to digitize the sensor signal at a constant sample rate, given that the frequency contents of body signals vary with time. In this paper a low-power analog system is proposed, which adjusts the converter clock rate to suit the momentary requirement of the signal to be converted. Simulation of the system at the circuit level shows a significant reduction in the average sample frequency and data rate of 50% and 35% respectively compared to the conventional approach
Signaling capacity of the T cell antigen receptor is negatively regulated by the PTP1C tyrosine phosphatase. (1996)

The association of PTP1C deficiency with the multiplicity of lymphoid cell abnormalities manifested by motheaten (me) and viable motheaten (me(v)) mice suggests a pivotal role for this tyrosine phosphatase in the regulation of lymphocyte differentiation and function. To delineate the relevance of PTP1C to T cell physiology, we have examined me and me(v) T cells with regards to their capacity to transduce activating signals through the T cell antigen receptor (TCR). Although thymocyte maturation appeared normal in the mutant mice, both thymocytes and peripheral T cells from these animals exhibited proliferative response to TCR stimulation that were markedly increased relative to those elicited in normal cells. Compared to normal thymocytes, PTP1C-deficient thymocytes also showed increased constitutive tyrosine phosphorylation of the TCR complex and enhanced and prolonged TCR-induced tyrosine phosphorylation of the TCR-zeta and CD3-epsilon, as well as a number of cytosolic proteins, most notably a 38-kD phosphoprotein found to associate with the Grb2 adaptor SH2 domain in activated thymocytes. These latter phosphoproteins also associated with the Vav guanine nucleotide exchange factor upon TCR ligation, and were dephosphorylated by recombinant PTP1C in vitro. In conjunction with the finding of PTP1C-TCR association in unstimulated normal thymocytes, these results reveal the capacity of PTP1C to interact with and likely dephosphorylate resting and activated TCR complex components, as well as more distal signaling effectors that are normally recruited to the Vav and Grb2 SH2 domains after TCR stimulation. These data therefore strongly implicate PTP1C in the downregulation of TCR signaling capacity and, taken together with the aberrant prolongation of TCR-induced, mitogen-associated kinase (MAPK) activation observed in PTP1C-deficient thymocytes, these findings suggest that the inhibitory influence of PTP1C on TCR signal relay is realized through its effects on both the TCR complex and downstream signaling elements that couple the activated antigen receptor to the Ras/MAPK response pathway.
Knowledge Transfer for Deep Reinforcement Learning with Hierarchical Experience Replay (2017)

The process for transferring knowledge of multiple reinforcement learning policies into a single multi-task policy via distillation technique is known as policy distillation. When policy distillation is under a deep reinforcement learning setting, due to the giant parameter size and the huge state space for each task domain, it requires extensive computational efforts to train the multi-task policy network. In this paper, we propose a new policy distillation architecture for deep reinforcement learning, where we assume that each task uses its task-specific high-level convolutional features as the inputs to the multi-task policy network. Furthermore, we propose a new sampling framework termed hierarchical prioritized experience replay to selectively choose experiences from the replay memories of each task domain to perform learning on the network. With the above two attempts, we aim to accelerate the learning of the multi-task policy network while guaranteeing a good performance. We use Atari 2600 games as testing environment to demonstrate the efficiency and effectiveness of our proposed solution for policy distillation
Pockets of Potential : using mobile technologies to promote children's learning (2009)

Joan Ganz Cooney Center at Sesame Workshop publication
Integration of Vehicle-to-Grid in the Western Danish Power System (2010)

The Danish power system is characterized by a large penetration of wind power. As the nature of the wind power is unpredictable, more balancing power is desired for a stable and reliable operation of the power system. The present balancing power in Denmark is provided mostly by the large central power plants followed by a number of decentralized combined heat and power units and connections from abroad. The future energy plans in Denmark aim for 50% wind power capacity integration which will replace many conventional large power plant units. The limited control and regulation power capabilities of large power plants in the future demands for new balancing solutions like vehicle-to-grid (V2G) systems. In this paper, aggregated electric vehicle (EV)-based battery storage representing a V2G system is modeled for the use in long-term dynamic power system simulations. Further, it is analyzed for power system regulation services for typical days with high and low wind production in the Western Danish power system. The results show that the regulation needs from conventional generators and the power deviations between West Denmark and Union for the Coordination of Electricity Transmission (UCTE) control areas are significantly minimized by the faster up and down regulation characteristics of the EV battery storage.
Mammalian Heme Peroxidases: From Molecular Mechanisms to Health Implications (2008)

A marked increase in interest has occurred over the last few years in the role that mammalian heme peroxidase enzymes, primarily myeloperoxidase, eosinophil peroxidase, and lactoperoxidase, may play in both disease prevention and human pathologies. This increased interest has been sparked by developments in our understanding of polymorphisms that control the levels of these enzymes, a greater understanding of the basic chemistry and biochemistry of the oxidants formed by these species, the development of specific biomarkers that can be used in vivo to detect damage induced by these oxidants, the detection of active forms of these peroxidases at most, if not all, sites of inflammation, and a correlation between the levels of these enzymes and a number of major human pathologies. This article reviews recent developments in our understanding of the enzymology, chemistry, biochemistry and biologic roles of mammalian peroxidases and the oxidants that they generate, the potential role of these oxidants in human disease, and the use of the levels of these enzymes in disease prognosis.
Uncertainty of short-term Wind Power Forecasts -- A methodology for\n on-line Assessment (2023)

The paper introduces a new methodology for assessing on-line the prediction\nrisk of short-term wind power forecasts. The first part of this methodology\nconsists in computing confidence intervals with a confidence level defined by\nthe end-user. The resampling approach is used for this purpose since it permits\nto avoid a restrictive hypothesis on the distribution of the errors. It has\nbeen however appropriately adapted for the wind power prediction problem taking\ninto account the dependency of the errors on the level of predicted power\nthrough appropriately defined fuzzy sets. The second part of the proposed\nmethodology introduces two indices, named as MRI and PRI, that quantify the\nmeteorological risk by measuring the spread of multi-scenario Numerical Weather\nPredictions and wind power predictions respectively. The multi-scenario\nforecasts considered here are based on the 'poor man's' ensembles approach. The\ntwo indices are used either to fine-tune the confidence intervals or to give\nsignals to the operator on the prediction risk, i.e. the probabilities for the\noccurrence of high prediction errors depending on the weather stability. A\nrelation between these indices and the level of prediction error is shown.\nEvaluation results over a three-year period on the case of a wind farm in\nDenmark and over a one-year period on the case of several farms in Ireland are\ngiven. The proposed methodology has an operational nature and can be applied to\nall kinds of wind power forecasting models\n
Flight test results of loose integration of dual airborne laser scanners (DALS)/INS (2008)

Aircraft positioning and navigation capability much be robust to ensure continuity of operation. Such navigation information is largely provided by an inertial navigation system (INS), which is a self-contained autonomous system. INS is usually integrated with GPS measurements to improve its accuracy and a GPS/INS package is a common feature of most navigation systems. However, these systems suffer degraded performance in non-GPS environments; such as when GPS is denied due to interference or jamming, or when GPS is unavailable as in Lunar or Martian scenarios. In recent years, the challenge of navigating in non-GPS environments has generated much interest. With this same objective, we investigate the use of dual airborne laser scanners (DALS), integrated with an INS for navigation in non-GPS and unknown terrain environments. In this paper, we present a proof-of-concept demonstration of the DALS/INS autonomous navigation system with flighttest data, collected onboard Ohio Universitypsilas DC-3 aircraft over Athens, OH.
QoS oriented Opportunistic Routing protocol for Wireless Sensor Networks (2012)

In the field, Wireless Sensor Networks face the harsh reality of radio physics, including asymmetric and long-range transient links. Classic routing schemes are hindered by these links, and therefore prune them from the network topology. In this paper, we investigate how to put these opportunistic wireless links to good use and actually provide higher quality of service. We propose QOR, short for QoS oriented Opportunistic Routing protocol for data collection in Wireless Sensor Networks. Unlike classic routing schemes, QOR takes advantage of opportunistic links to provide faster and more reliable transmissions. Our contribution is threefold. First, we propose a joint routing structure and addressing scheme that allows to identify a limited set of nodes than can become opportunistic relayers between a source sensor and the sink. Second, we define an original cascaded acknowledgement mechanism that brings reliable acknowledgment and replication-free forwarding to the opportunistic communication scheme. Finally, our performance evaluation assesses that QOR efficiently uses opportunistic links to provide reliable and replication-free data delivery.
Mechanisms of toxic action and structure-activity relationships for organochlorine and synthetic pyrethroid insecticides. (1990)

The mechanisms and sites of action of organochlorine (DDT-types and chlorinated alicyclics) and synthetic pyrethroid insecticides are presented with discussion of symptoms, physiological effects, and selectivity. The structural requirements for toxicity are assessed, and structure-activity relationships are considered for each subclass. Lipophilicity is important for all the groups because it facilitates delivery of these neurotoxicants to the site of action in the nerve. Steric factors including molecular volume, shape, and isomeric configuration greatly influence toxicity. Electronic parameters also have been demonstrated to affect biological activity in some of the groups of insecticides, e.g., Hammett's sigma and Taft's sigma * as indicators of electronegativity. New synthetic pyrethroids continue to be developed, with varied structures and different physicochemical and biological properties.
An experimental test of the path dependency of Pancharatnam's geometric phase (1998)

Abstract In crystal optics the concept of the geometric phases can be demonstrated to the naked eye with comparatively simple apparatus. Pancharatnam's phase is described by an area on the Poincaré sphere which is enclosed by geodesic lines (great circles) while the concept of the Berry phase does not restrict the nature of the contour. With a simple experiment we demonstrate that Pancharatnam's phase is accompanied by a second phase which compensates the pure area effect for areas enclosed by small circles. This compensating phase changes sign at time reversal and, thus, exhibits the features of a geometric phase.
Self-deformed and hysteretic photocurrent spectra of quantum wells with a load resistor (1989)

We report a study of the self-deformation of the photocurrent spectra of a quantum well p-i-n structure connecting with a high series resistor. The observed phenomena are interpreted in terms of the modulation of the internal electric field at the intrinsic quantum well region by the photocurrent itself. Furthermore, it is predicted and demonstrated that bistability of the photocurrent is achieved as a function of the wavelength.
Antinucleosome Antibodies and Decreased Deoxyribonuclease Activity in Sera of Patients with Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (2005)

Nucleosomes are the dominant autoantigens in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), and immune complexes involving nucleosomes are the major cause of tissue damage. The activity of DNase I, the enzyme responsible for nucleosome degradation, has been found to be decreased in patients with SLE. However, it is not known whether DNase activity is a clinically useful parameter. The aim of our study was to assess DNase activity in a prospective study of 113 patients with SLE in relation to disease activity and organ involvement. We included two control groups: 9 patients with undifferentiated connective tissue disease (UCTD) and 14 healthy individuals. DNase activity was found to be lower in patients with SLE (63.75%+/-12.1%) than in the controls (81.3%+/-9.25%) (P<0.001). DNase activity in patients with UCTD (64.9%+/-18.2%; P=0.854) did not differ from that in patients with SLE. Patients with SLE had higher antinucleosome antibody titers (356.3+/-851) than the controls (1.44+/-2.77; P<0.01) or UCTD patients (39.9+/-57.7; P<0.01). In addition, samples positive for antinucleosome antibodies displayed low levels of DNase activity. Within the SLE group, the presence of renal disease had no impact on DNase activity or antinucleosome antibody titers. Also, the SLE disease activity index showed no correlation with DNase activity. In a longitudinal study of six SLE patients, DNase activity did not follow disease activity or autoantibody titers. Our results confirm that serum DNase activity is decreased in patients with SLE, but we conclude that it is not a clinically useful parameter for the prediction of flare-ups of disease or renal involvement.
The Drosophila ACE3 Chorion Element Autonomously Induces Amplification (1992)

The Drosophila chorion genes amplify in the follicle cells by repeated rounds of reinitiation of DNA replication. ACE3 (amplification control element from the third chromosome) has been identified by a series of deletion experiments as an important control element for amplification of the third-chromosome chorion cluster. Several elements that quantitatively enhance amplification also have been defined. We show that a single 440-bp ACE3 sequence is sufficient to regulate amplification with proper developmental specificity autonomously from other chorion DNA sequences and regulatory elements. Although ACE3 is sufficient for amplification, the levels of amplification are low even when ACE3 is present in multiple copies. When controlled solely by ACE3, amplification initiates either at ACE3 or within closely linked sequences. Amplification of an ACE3 transposon insertion produces a gradient of amplified DNA that extends into flanking sequences approximately the same distance as does the amplification gradient at the endogenous chorion locus. The profile and extent of the amplified gradient imply that the low levels of amplification observed are the result of limited rounds of initiation of DNA replication. Transposon inserts containing multiple copies of ACE3 in a tandem, head-to-tail array are maintained stably in the chromosome. However, mobilization of the P-element transposons containing ACE3 multimers results in deletions within the array at a high frequency.