gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Rate constants for spin trapping tert-butoxy radicals as studied by electron spin resonance (1973)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTRate constants for spin trapping tert-butoxy radicals as studied by electron spin resonanceEdward G. Janzen and C. Anderson. EvansCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1973, 95, 24, 8205–8206Publication Date (Print):November 1, 1973Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 November 1973https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00805a058https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00805a058research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views217Altmetric-Citations56LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
The HMG box of SRY is a calmodulin binding domain (1996)

The HMG box domain of the testis determining factor, SRY, includes a basic amphiphilic sequence common to calmodulin (CaM) binding proteins. By affinity chromatography, native gel electrophoresis and fluorescence spectroscopy, we show the calcium-dependent binding of SRY to CaM. Binding occurs via the HMG box and an SRY peptide of residues 57-80 binds CaM like the intact domain. SRY/CaM complex formation is specifically inhibited by the SRY DNA binding site sequence, AACAAT, but not a mutated sequence. Fluorescence spectra of the SRY/CaM complex indicate 1:1 stoichiometry and that binding is accompanied by a conformational change in SRY. The A domain of HMG1 also binds CaM and we propose that CaM binding is a property of the wider HMG box family, including SOX and TCF/LEF proteins. These results suggest that CaM may regulate the DNA binding activity of HMG box transcription factors.
Fiberoptic Contact‐Force Sensing Electrophysiological Catheters: How Precise Is the Technology? (2016)

CF measurements using a fiberoptic sensing technology show a high level of accuracy and precision, without being significantly influenced by tip angle, fluid irrigation, catheter deflection or use of a sheath.
Active learning and search on low-rank matrices (2013)

Collaborative prediction is a powerful technique, useful in domains from recommender systems to guiding the scientific discovery process. Low-rank matrix factorization is one of the most powerful tools for collaborative prediction. This work presents a general approach for active collaborative prediction with the Probabilistic Matrix Factorization model. Using variational approximations or Markov chain Monte Carlo sampling to estimate the posterior distribution over models, we can choose query points to maximize our understanding of the model, to best predict unknown elements of the data matrix, or to find as many "positive" data points as possible. We evaluate our methods on simulated data, and also show their applicability to movie ratings prediction and the discovery of drug-target interactions.
A basic concept of displaying electronic text with seamless pages -Magnifying And Simplifying System for text EXTension (MaSSTExt)- (2009)

In this paper, we propose a new system for enhanced viewing of electronic text. It is named ¿Magnifying And Simplifying System for Text EXTension (MaSSTExt)¿. This system for displaying text has the operational feeling like a map system displayed on a web browser. No link buttons are used for changing the other pages in this system because it is made by using Ajax. Then, it allows us to display huge text files in only one window or seamlessly display/not-display from index to body or annotation data. As using this system, footnotes, references, tables and figures on the text can be located at optimal positions. Comparing simultaneously two different texts is easy to read. Grasping a text with both a bird's-eye view in its totality and a detailed view can be easy. Simulation software ¿MaSSTExt¿ of our prototype system is introduced and the effectiveness of our research is shown.
A neurally inspired musical instrument classification system based upon the sound onset (2012)

Physiological evidence suggests that sound onset detection in the auditory system may be performed by specialized neurons as early as the cochlear nucleus. Psychoacoustic evidence shows that the sound onset can be important for the recognition of musical sounds. Here the sound onset is used in isolation to form tone descriptors for a musical instrument classification task. The task involves 2085 isolated musical tones from the McGill dataset across five instrument categories. A neurally inspired tone descriptor is created using a model of the auditory system's response to sound onset. A gammatone filterbank and spiking onset detectors, built from dynamic synapses and leaky integrate-and-fire neurons, create parallel spike trains that emphasize the sound onset. These are coded as a descriptor called the onset fingerprint. Classification uses a time-domain neural network, the echo state network. Reference strategies, based upon mel-frequency cepstral coefficients, evaluated either over the whole tone or only during the sound onset, provide context to the method. Classification success rates for the neurally-inspired method are around 75%. The cepstral methods perform between 73% and 76%. Further testing with tones from the Iowa MIS collection shows that the neurally inspired method is considerably more robust when tested with data from an unrelated dataset.
Modulation of Neuronal Activity by Glial Cells in the Retina (1998)

Glial-neuronal communication was studied by monitoring the effect of intercellular glial Ca2+ waves on the electrical activity of neighboring neurons in the eyecup preparation of the rat. Calcium waves in astrocytes and Müller cells were initiated with a mechanical stimulus applied to the retinal surface. Changes in the light-evoked spike activity of neurons within the ganglion cell layer occurred when, and only when, these Ca2+ waves reached the neurons. Inhibition of activity was observed in 25 of 53 neurons (mean decrease in spike frequency, 28 +/- 2%). Excitation occurred in another five neurons (mean increase, 27 +/- 5%). Larger amplitude Ca2+ waves were associated with greater modulation of neuronal activity. Thapsigargin, which reduced the amplitude of the glial Ca2+ increases, also reduced the magnitude of neuronal modulation. Bicuculline and strychnine, inhibitory neurotransmitter antagonists, as well as 6-Nitro-7-sulphamoylbenzo[f]quinoxaline-2,3-dione (NBQX) and D(-)-2-amino-7-phosphonoheptanoic acid (D-AP7), glutamate antagonists, reduced the inhibition of neuronal activity associated with glial Ca2+ waves, suggesting that inhibition is mediated by inhibitory interneurons stimulated by glutamate release from glial cells. The results suggest that glial cells are capable of modulating the electrical activity of neurons within the retina and thus, may directly participate in information processing in the CNS.
A Contribution to the Automatic Processing of Electrocardiograms Using Syntactic Methods (1979)

A syntactic method for analysing ECG waveforms considered as a multichannel process is presented. A procedure is designed in order to extract the time evolution of the rhythm using the energy of the ECG derivatives.
Natural Polymers Based Hydrogels for Cell Culture Applications (2019)

It is well known that the extracellular matrix (ECM) plays a vital role in the growth, survival and differentiation of cells. Though two-dimensional (2D) materials are generally used as substrates for the standard in vitro experiments, their mechanical, structural, and compositional characteristics can alter cell functions drastically. Many scientists reported that cells behave more natively when cultured in three-dimensional (3D) environments than on 2D substrates, due to the more in vivo-like 3D cell culture environment that can better mimic the biochemical and mechanical properties of the ECM. In this regard, water-swollen network polymer-based materials called hydrogels are highly attractive for developing 3D ECM analogs due to their biocompatibility and hydrophilicity. Since hydrogels can be tuned and altered systematically, these materials can function actively in a defined culture medium to support long-term self-renewal of various cells. The physico-chemical and biological properties of the materials used for developing hydrogel should be tunable in accordance with culture needs. Various types of hydrogels derived either from natural or synthetic origins are currently being used for cell culture applications. In this review, we present an overview of various hydrogels based on natural polymers that can be used for cell culture, irrespective of types of applications. We also explain how each hydrogel is made, its source, pros and cons in biological applications with a special focus on regenerative engineering.
Factors influencing brown fat activation in FDG PET/CT: a retrospective analysis of 15,000+ cases (2017)

This retrospective study of 15,109 scans highlights multiple factors contributing to BAT activation on <sup>18</sup>F-FDG PET. The identification of new factors influencing BAT and confirmation of previously identified factors with a larger data set can be used to more accurately identify patients at risk for BAT activation so that prevention strategies can be implemented. Advances in knowledge: This study presents new factors associated with higher incidence of BAT activation, such as time of day, previous BAT activation and breast cancer. Conversely, recent chemotherapy was associated with reduced incidence of BAT activation.
Bypassing Backdoor Detection Algorithms in Deep Learning (2020)

Deep learning models are vulnerable to various adversarial manipulations of their training data, parameters, and input sample. In particular, an adversary can modify the training data and model parameters to embed backdoors into the model, so the model behaves according to the adversary's objective if the input contains the backdoor features, referred to as the backdoor trigger (e.g., a stamp on an image). The poisoned model's behavior on clean data, however, remains unchanged. Many detection algorithms are designed to detect backdoors on input samples or model parameters, through the statistical difference between the latent representations of adversarial and clean input samples in the poisoned model. In this paper, we design an adversarial backdoor embedding algorithm that can bypass the existing detection algorithms including the state-of-the-art techniques. We design an adaptive adversarial training algorithm that optimizes the original loss function of the model, and also maximizes the indistinguishability of the hidden representations of poisoned data and clean data. This work calls for designing adversary-aware defense mechanisms for backdoor detection.
9.1.2 Future Trends in Automotive Requirements Engineering (2004)

Abstract In the last few years, requirements engineering for software‐based systems has attracted a great deal of attention in the automotive industry. Requirements specification documents have been recognized as a crucial element in the software and system quality chain. Consequently, several industrial initiatives have been launched to improve requirements specification quality, the creation process, and tool support. For instance, many automotive OEMs have introduced requirements engineering expert groups and piloting of requirements management tools. Despite the fact that the situation is still substantially heterogeneous, we observe a common level that the more mature projects have adapted as the current state of practice. However, due to methodological and tool restrictions, this level still falls very short of the full potential of tool‐supported systematic requirements management in the automotive domain. In this paper, we summarize the current state of the practice in requirements engineering for software‐based automotive systems (such as electronic control units) and identify future research directions and tool enhancement requirements. Additionally, we try to identify some popular myths, i.e. ideas that are often mentioned in the context of automotive requirements engineering but which seem to be unrealistic and/or undesirable from our point of view.
The Telephone Interview for Cognitive Status (TICS): Reliability and validity in a stroke sample (1994)

Abstract The Telephone Interview for Cognitive Status (TICS) is an 11‐item screening test (maximum score=41 points) that was developed for the assessment of cognitive function in patients with Alzheimer's disease who are unwilling or unable to be examined in person. To investigate the 1‐month test‐retest reliablility and validity of the TICS in a stroke sample, we administered it twice by telephone to 36 stroke patients (age = 72.3 ± 8.9; education = 9.7 ± 4.7) and 36 stroke‐free non‐demented control subjects (age = 71.8 ± 6.8; education = 13.1 ± 4.1). Dementia was diagnosed in six stroke patients based on neuropsychological and functional examinations performed during an outpatient visit and the Mini‐Mental State Examination (MMSE) was also given. Multiple regression analyses determined that stroke status was significantly related to performance on the TICS (β= −0.26, p = 0.006), while adjusting for demographic variables. Among stroke patients, test‐retest reliability was excellent (r = 0.90, p < 0.001) and performance was significantly correlated with MMSE score (r = 0.86, p <0.001). A TICS cutoff score <25 best distinguished between demented and non‐demented patients; sensitivity (1.00) and specificity (0.83) were excellent and comparable to the sensitivity (0.83) and specificity (0.87) of the MMSE, with dementia defined as a score <24/30. We conclude that the TICS is a reliable mental status test that can provide accurate information regarding cognitive function in stroke patients who cannot be assessed in person.
Steady‐state diffusion‐weighted imaging of in vivo knee cartilage (2004)

Diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) has strong potential as a diagnostic for early cartilage damage, with clinical impact for diseases such as osteoarthritis. However, in vivo DWI of cartilage has proven difficult with conventional methods due to the short T2. This work presents a 3D steady-state DWI sequence that is able to image short-T2 species with high SNR. When combined with 2D navigator correction of motion-induced phase artifacts, this method enables high resolution in vivo DWI of cartilage. In vivo knee images in healthy subjects are presented with high SNR (SNR = 110) and submillimeter in-plane resolution (0.5 x 0.7 x 3.0 mm(3)). A method for fitting the diffusion coefficient is presented which produces fits within 10% of literature values. This method should be applicable to other short-T2 tissues, such as muscle, which are difficult to image using traditional DWI methods.
Micromachined Probes for Submillimeter-Wave On-Wafer Measurements—Part II: RF Design and Characterization (2011)

The electromagnetic design and characterization of a micromachined submillimeter-wave on-wafer probe is presented. The mechanical design and fabrication of the probe is presented in the companion paper (Part I). Finite element simulations are applied to design an integrated probe chip to couple between rectangular waveguide and the ground-signal-ground (GSG) probe. Two designs based on different transmission line topologies are implemented and their performance assessed. The insertion loss of the probes over the WR-1.5 band measures between 6-10 dB and return loss measures from 10 to 15 dB. Offset short measurements are used to verify the performance of the probes and that they can be employed for calibrated on-wafer measurements.
Shared execution of recurring workloads in MapReduce (2015)

With the increasing complexity of data-intensive MapReduce workloads, Hadoop must often accommodate hundreds or even thousands of recurring analytics queries that periodically execute over frequently updated datasets, e.g., latest stock transactions, new log files, or recent news feeds. For many applications, such recurring queries come with user-specified service-level agreements (SLAs), commonly expressed as the maximum allowed latency for producing results before their merits decay. The recurring nature of these emerging workloads combined with their SLA constraints make it challenging to share and optimize their execution. While some recent efforts on multi-job optimization in MapReduce have emerged, they focus on only sharing work among ad-hoc jobs on static datasets. Unfortunately, these sharing techniques neither take the recurring nature of the queries into account nor guarantee the satisfaction of the SLA requirements. In this work, we propose the first scalable multi-query sharing engine tailored for recurring workloads in the MapReduce infrastructure, called "Helix" . Helix deploys new sliced window-alignment techniques to create sharing opportunities among recurring queries without introducing additional I/O overheads or unnecessary data scans. And then, Helix introduces a cost/benefit model for creating a sharing plan among the recurring queries, and a scheduling strategy for executing them to maximize the SLA satisfaction. Our experimental results over real-world datasets confirm that Helix significantly outperforms the state-of-art techniques by an order of magnitude.
Nmr study of poly(aspartic acid). II. α‐ and β‐Peptide bonds in poly(aspartic acid) prepared by common methods (1981)

Abstract The nature of peptide bonds in poly(aspartic acid) prepared by debenzylation of poly(β‐benzyl‐ L ‐aspartate) under various conditions has been studied by means of nmr spectroscopy. It was established that the majority of the polymers prepared, as well as the commercially obtained polymer, contained aspartic acid linked in both α‐ and β‐peptide bonds. The purest polymer, having practically undetectable amounts of β‐bond, was prepared by debenzylation by HBr in trifluoroacetic acid. It was established that the β‐bonds are formed via succinimides.
Evaluation of In Vitro Absorption, Distribution, Metabolism, and Excretion (ADME) Properties of Mitragynine, 7-Hydroxymitragynine, and Mitraphylline (2014)

Mitragyna speciosa (kratom) is a popular herb in Southeast Asia, which is traditionally used to treat withdrawal symptoms associated with opiate addiction. Mitragynine, 7-hydroxymitragynine, and mitraphylline are reported to be the central nervous system active alkaloids which bind to the opiate receptors. Mitraphylline is also present in the bark of Uncaria tomentosa (cat's claw). Several therapeutic properties have been reported for these compounds but limited information is available on the absorption and distribution properties. This study focuses on evaluating the absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion (ADME) properties of these compounds and their effect on major efflux transporter P-glycoprotein, using in vitro methods. Quantitative analysis was performed by the Q-TOF LC-MS system. Mitragynine was unstable in simulated gastric fluid with 26 % degradation but stable in simulated intestinal fluid. 7-Hydroxymitragynine degraded up to 27 % in simulated gastric fluid, which could account for its conversion to mitragynine (23 %), while only 6 % degradation was seen in simulated intestinal fluid. Mitraphylline was stable in simulated gastric fluid but unstable in simulated intestinal fluid (13.6 % degradation). Mitragynine and 7-hydroxymitragynine showed moderate permeability across Caco-2 and MDR-MDCK monolayers with no significant efflux. However, mitraphylline was subjected to efflux mediated by P-glycoprotein in both Caco-2 and MDR-MDCK monolayers. Mitragynine was found to be metabolically stable in both human liver microsomes and S9 fractions. In contrast, both 7-hydroxymitragynine and mitraphylline were metabolized by human liver microsomes with half-lives of 24 and 50 min, respectively. All three compounds exhibited high plasma protein binding (> 90 %) determined by equilibrium dialysis. Mitragynine and 7-hydroxymitragynine inhibited P-glycoprotein with EC50 values of 18.2 ± 3.6 µM and 32.4 ± 1.9 µM, respectively, determined by the calcein-AM fluorescent assay, while no inhibition was seen with mitraphylline. These data indicate the possibility of a drug interaction if mitragynine and 7-hydroxymitragynine are coadministered with drugs that are P-glycoprotein substrates.
TinySet—An Access Efficient Self Adjusting Bloom Filter Construction (2017)

Bloom filters are a very popular and efficient data structure for approximate set membership queries. However, Bloom filters have several key limitations as they require 44% more space than the lower bound, their operations access multiple memory words, and they do not support removals. This paper presents TinySet, an alternative Bloom filter construction that is more space efficient than Bloom filters for false positive rates smaller than 2.8%, accesses only a single memory word and partially supports removals. TinySet is mathematically analyzed and extensively tested and is shown to be fast and more space efficient than a variety of Bloom filter variants. TinySet also has low sensitivity to configuration parameters and is therefore more flexible than a Bloom filter.
Wound Issues after Total Knee Arthroplasty (2015)

ABSTRACT Wound healing problems following total knee arthroplasty (TKA) are infrequent, but if present may lead to devastating results. Occurrence may be minimized by modifying patient risk factors, proper selection of skin incisions, and using operative techniques that protect soft tissues. When wound complications arise, prompt management is imperative to assure the best outcome after TKA. Jennings JM, Dennis DA. Wound Issues after Total Knee Arthroplasty. The Duke Orthop J 2015;5(1):10-13.
Evaluation of Pre‐ and Posttreatment Pulse Oximetry in Acute Childhood Asthma (1997)

As opposed to some previous studies, this study found pretreatment SpO2 to be a relatively poor predictor of admission. A posttreatment SpO2 of < or = 91% occurred in a minority (32%) of patients, but increased the odds of admission 16-fold and may be used as an adjunct to objectively confirm the need for admission.
Patented Catalysts for the Synthesis and Biological Applications of Dihydropyrimidinones: Recent Advances of the Biginelli Reaction (2012)

The acid-catalyzed and thermal multicomponent cyclocondensation between an aldehyde, a beta-keto ester and urea to generate dihydropyrimidinones (DHPMs) is one of the best studied multicomponent reactions in organic synthesis. It is frequently employed in the synthesis of natural products and biologically active compounds. After several years under academic development, this reaction drew the attention of researchers in the chemical and pharmaceutical industry. This critical review is focused on the development and applications of the Biginelli three component reaction (B-3CR) patented in the last three decades. Keywords: Biginelli reaction, biological activity, cancer, catalyst, dihydropyrimidine, dihydropyrimidinones, HIV, Lewis acid, monastrol, thermal condensation.