gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Motion-field segmentation using an adaptive MAP criterion (1993)

The authors propose a general formulation for adaptive, maximum a posteriori probability (MAP) segmentation of image sequences on the basis of interframe displacement and gray level information. The segmentation classifies pixel sites to independently moving objects in the scene. In this formulation, two methods for characterizing the conditional probability distribution of the data given the segmentation process are proposed. The a priori probability distribution is characterized on the basis of a Gibbsian model of the segmentation process, where a novel motion-compensated spatiotemporal neighborhood system is defined. The proposed formulation adapts to the displacement field accuracy by appropriately adjusting the relative emphasis on the estimated displacement field, gray level information, and prior knowledge implied by the Gibbsian model. Experiments have been performed with a five-frame simulated sequence containing translation and rotation.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
From document retrieval to question answering (2003)

Doing my PhD at the Institute for Logic, Language and Computation (ILLC) was a great experience.I would like to thank Maarten de Rijke, who offered me the opportunity to pursue a PhD at the ILLC.I have learned a great deal from him and I am very
Unique health identifiers for universal health coverage (2019)

Identifying everyone residing in a country, especially the poor, is an indispensable part of pursuing universal health coverage (UHC). Having information on an individuals' financial protection is also imperative for measuring the progress of UHC. This paper examines different ways of instituting a system of unique health identifiers that can lead toward achieving UHC, particularly in relation to utilizing universal civil registration and national unique identification number systems. Civil registration is a fundamental function of the government that establishes a legal identity for individuals and enables them to access essential public services. National unique identification numbers assigned at birth registration can further link their vital event information with data collected in different sectors, including in finance and health. Some countries use the national unique identification number as the unique health identifier, such as is done in South Korea and Thailand. In other countries, a unique health identifier is created in addition to the national unique identification number, but the two numbers are linked; Slovenia offers an example of this arrangement. The advantages and disadvantages of the system types are discussed in the paper. In either approach, linking the health system with the civil registration and national identity management systems contributed to advancing effective and efficient UHC programs in those countries.
TGF-β1 Causes EMT by Regulating N-Acetyl Glucosaminyl Transferases via Downregulation of Non Muscle Myosin II-A through JNK/P38/PI3K Pathway in Lung Cancer (2017)

The study reports a novel pathway through which NMII-A negatively regulates EMT and metastasis via up regulation of C2GnT-M, GnT-V and down expression of GnT-III. These findings of lung cancer may further be required to study other cancer types.
XNU: a security evaluation (2012)

The XNU kernel is the kernel that powers Apple's OS X and iOS operating
system. Originally developed by Next, but later acquired by Apple it has been
around for more then twenty years. It is only since the introduction of code
signing on iOS that hackers have developed a real interest in XNU. Prior to iOS
2.0 only a handful of articles were published on XNU in the context of security.
In the past few years the interest of hackers increased by the popularity of
jailbreaking (the process of removing the security restrictions of iOS) and iOS
security is often discussed at the various security conferences. The interest of
hackers in the XNU kernel has not gone unnoticed by Apple, which started to
harden the security of their XNU kernel. In the latest releases of their operating
systems they added di�erent mitigation techniques such as kernel ASLR.
The latest release of OS X (Mountain Lion) and iOS (6) are hardened with new
protection mechanisms, which should reduce the risk of successful exploitation.
In this thesis we describe all techniques that are meant to protect the kernel
from attackers and their implementation. We argue the e�ectiveness of those
techniques and how an attacker might try to circumvent them. We conclude
this thesis with a comparison with other kernels, our opinion on the current
security state of the XNU kernel and some recommendations on how to further
improve the security.
We state that the XNU kernel has many protection mechanisms in place, but
that they could be improved to better protect against exploitation. Furthermore
we state that the current design of XNU, which consists of two separate compo-
nents that heavily interact, is error prone and would bene�t from refactoring.
REQUIREMENTS OF NONDESTRUCTIVE TESTING IN THE STANDARDS FOR INDUSTRIAL PIPELINES (2003)

At present, most standards for industrial pipeline construction in our country are issued by industrial sectors, and they are different in requirements. The proportion of the praduct to be tested, acceptance levels and evaluation criterion stipulated in the standards for pressure pipelines GB 50235, SH 3501 and DL 5007 and for nonferrous metal pipelines have been discussed and analysed to provide a reference for the construction and acceptance check of pressure pipelines. To know well and master the relative specifications is important for the quality of industrial pipelines.
Structural studies of the capsular polysaccharide from <i>Streptococcus pneumoniae</i> Type 12F (1981)

The capsular polysaccharide from Streptococcus pneumoniae type 12F is composed of D-glucosyl, D-galactosyl, 2-acetamido-2-deoxy-D-galactosyl, 2-acetamido-2,6-dideoxy-L-galactosyl, and 2-acetamido-2-deoxy-D-mannuronic acid residues in the proportions 2:1:1:1:1. The main structural evidence was adduced from nmr spectroscopy, methylation analysis, and specific degradations whereby it could be concluded that the polysaccharide is composed of hexasaccharide repeating-units having the structure:[Formula: see text]
Review of Research Status and Development Trends of Wireless Passive LC Resonant Sensors for Harsh Environments (2015)

Measurement technology for various key parameters in harsh environments (e.g., high-temperature and biomedical applications) continues to be limited. Wireless passive LC resonant sensors offer long service life and can be suitable for harsh environments because they can transmit signals without battery power or wired connections. Consequently, these devices have become the focus of many current research studies. This paper addresses recent research, key technologies, and practical applications relative to passive LC sensors used to monitor temperature, pressure, humidity, and harmful gases in harsh environments. The advantages and disadvantages of various sensor types are discussed, and prospects and challenges for future development of these sensors are presented.
Cross Technology Communication in Heterogeneous Wireless Networks (2019)

The proliferation of IoT applications brings the demand of ubiquitous connections among heterogeneous wireless devices. Cross-Technology Communication (CTC) is a significant technique to directly exchange data among heterogeneous devices that follow different standards. We focus on achieving the packet-level CTC and the physical-level CTC between WiFi and ZigBee.
SPoT: Better Frozen Model Adaptation through Soft Prompt Transfer (2022)

There has been growing interest in parameterefficient methods to apply pre-trained language models to downstream tasks. Building on the PROMPTTUNING approach of Lester et al. ( SPOT first learns a prompt on one or more source tasks and then uses it to initialize the prompt for a target task. We show that SPOT significantly boosts the performance of PROMPT-TUNING across many tasks. More remarkably, across all model sizes, SPOT matches or outperforms standard MODELTUNING (which finetunes all model parameters) on the SUPER-GLUE benchmark, while using up to 27,000 fewer task-specific parameters. To understand where SPOT is most effective, we conduct a large-scale study on task transferability with 26 NLP tasks in 160 combinations, and demonstrate that many tasks can benefit each other via prompt transfer. Finally, we propose an efficient retrieval approach that interprets task prompts as task embeddings to identify similar tasks and predict the most transferable source tasks for a novel target task.
Highlights of the São Paulo ISEV workshop on extracellular vesicles in cross‐kingdom communication (2017)

In the past years, extracellular vesicles (EVs) have become an important field of research since EVs have been found to play a central role in biological processes. In pathogens, EVs are involved in several events during the host-pathogen interaction, including invasion, immunomodulation, and pathology as well as parasite-parasite communication. In this report, we summarised the role of EVs in infections caused by viruses, bacteria, fungi, protozoa, and helminths based on the talks and discussions carried out during the International Society for Extracellular Vesicles (ISEV) workshop held in São Paulo (November, 2016), Brazil, entitled Cross-organism Communication by Extracellular Vesicles: Hosts, Microbes and Parasites.
A Three-Layer Hydraulic Program for Effective Cuttings Transport and Hole Cleaning in Highly Deviated and Horizontal Wells (1998)

Summary A new mathematical model is presented that enables the prediction of various modes of cuttings transport in highly deviated to horizontal annuli that have been observed in laboratories. The model consists of three components: a bed of particles of uniform concentration, a dispersed layer in which particle concentration is varied, and a fluid-flow layer that could be a clear fluid or a turbulent suspension. The model predictions exhibit good agreement with experimental observations.
Application of electrospray ionization mass spectrometry in rapid typing of fengycin homologues produced by Bacillus subtilis (2004)

ESI/CID leads to rapid detection and structural characterization of fengycin homologues or lipopeptides with similar properties. It will be very useful in studying the regulatory expression of these peptides.
NaCl stress impact on the key enzymes in glycolysis from Lactobacillus bulgaricus during freeze-drying (2015)

The viability of Lactobacillus bulgaricus in freeze-drying is of significant commercial interest to dairy industries. In the study, L.bulgaricus demonstrated a significantly improved (p < 0.05) survival rate during freeze-drying when subjected to a pre-stressed period under the conditions of 2% (w/v) NaCl for 2 h in the late growth phase. The main energy source for the life activity of lactic acid bacteria is related to the glycolytic pathway. To investigate the phenomenon of this stress-related viability improvement in L. bulgaricus, the activities and corresponding genes of key enzymes in glycolysis during 2% NaCl stress were studied. NaCl stress significantly enhanced (p < 0.05) glucose utilization. The activities of glycolytic enzymes (phosphofructokinase, pyruvate kinase, and lactate dehydrogenase) decreased during freeze-drying, and NaCl stress were found to improve activities of these enzymes before and after freeze-drying. However, a transcriptional analysis of the corresponding genes suggested that the effect of NaCl stress on the expression of the pfk2 gene was not obvious. The increased survival of freeze-dried cells of L. bulgaricus under NaCl stress might be due to changes in only the activity or translation level of these enzymes in different environmental conditions but have no relation to their mRNA transcription level.
Animal models of pulmonary arterial hypertension: the hope for etiological discovery and pharmacological cure (2009)

At present, six groups of chronic pulmonary hypertension (PH) are described. Among these, group 1 (and 1') comprises a group of diverse diseases termed pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) that have several pathophysiological, histological, and prognostic features in common. PAH is a particularly severe and progressive form of PH that frequently leads to right heart failure and premature death. The diagnosis of PAH must include a series of defined clinical parameters, which extend beyond mere elevations in pulmonary arterial pressures and include precapillary PH, pulmonary hypertensive arteriopathy (usually with plexiform lesions), slow clinical onset (months or years), and a chronic time course (years) characterized by progressive deterioration. What appears to distinguish PAH from other forms of PH is the severity of the arteriopathy observed, the defining characteristic of which is "plexogenic arteriopathy." The pathogenesis of this arteriopathy remains unclear despite intense investigation in a variety of animal model systems. The most commonly used animal models ("classic" models) are rodents exposed to either hypoxia or monocrotaline. Newer models, which involve modification of classic approaches, have been developed that exhibit more severe PH and vascular lesions, which include neointimal proliferation and occlusion of small vessels. In addition, genetically manipulated mice have been generated that have provided insight into the role of specific molecules in the pulmonary hypertensive process. Unfortunately, at present, there is no perfect preclinical model that completely recapitulates human PAH. All models, however, have provided and will continue to provide invaluable insight into the numerous pathways that contribute to the development and maintenance of PH. Use of both classic and newly developed animal models will allow continued rigorous testing of new hypotheses regarding pathogenesis and treatment. This review highlights progress that has been made in animal modeling of this important human condition.
The Effect of Intravitreal Triamcinolone Acetonide on Intraocular Pressure (2003)

A single 4-mg intravitreal triamcinolone acetonide injection is associated with an increase in IOP of 10 mm Hg or greater in 27.9% of eyes after the first injection. All eyes responded to topical glaucoma medication.
<i>Qinghaosu</i> (Artemisinin): an Antimalarial Drug from China (1985)

The herb Artemisia annua has been used for many centuries in Chinese traditional medicine as a treatment for fever and malaria. In 1971, Chinese chemists isolated from the leafy portions of the plant the substance responsible for its reputed medicinal action. This compound, called qinghaosu (QHS, artemisinin), is a sesquiterpene lactone that bears a peroxide grouping and, unlike most other antimalarials, lacks a nitrogen-containing heterocyclic ring system. The compound has been used successfully in several thousand malaria patients in China, including those with both chloroquine-sensitive and chloroquine-resistant strains of Plasmodium falciparum. Derivatives of QHS, such as dihydroqinghaosu, artemether, and the water-soluble sodium artesunate, appear to be more potent than QHS itself. Sodium artesunate acts rapidly in restoring to consciousness comatose patients with cerebral malaria. Thus QHS and its derivatives offer promise as a totally new class of antimalarials.
Reducing Cracking of High Performance Concrete Bridge Decks (2007)

Many state highway agencies have implemented high performance concrete (HPC) for bridge decks. The low permability of HPC is used to protect reinforcing steel and prevent corrosion. However, if the concrete cracks, then the protection is may be greatly diminished. One unintended consequence of the use of high performance concrete is early-age cracking. Internal curing using lightweight aggregate (LWA) or superabsorbent polymers (SAP) has been proposed to mitigate cracking of HPC due to autogenous shrinkage. ODOT’s District 12, located in Northeastern Ohio, found in an investigation of 116 HPC bridge decks placed between 1994 and 2001 that bridges with little or no cracking used coarse aggregate with an absorption > 1 %, while 75 % of bridges with unacceptable cracking used coarse aggregate with absorption 1% had a less dramatic effect. The use of LWA for internal curing to the low absorption coarse aggregate also had a less dramatic effect.
Uterine peroxidase as a marker for estrogen action. (1977)

Administration of a single dose of estradiol to immature rats gives rise to the appearance of substantial amounts of peroxidase (donor:hydrogen-peroxide oxidoreductase, EC 1.11.1.7) enzyme activity in the uterus. This enzyme induction, which is inhibited by administration of actinomycin D and cycloheximide, can be detected at 4 hr after administration of estradiol, reaches a maximum level by 20 hr, and thereafter declines. The amount of uterine peroxidase seen at 20 hr after a single dose increases with dose from 0.1 to 100 microgram of estradiol. Estrone and estriol also show dose-dependent induction of peroxidase, and the quantitative peroxidase responses to these steroids follow their uterotropic capacities. The antiestrogen CI628, capable of low levels of enzyme induction by itself, can inhibit the induction due to estrogen. Solubilization of the uterine enzyme with divalent cations, especially calcium, results in a substantially increased yield of peroxidase. This extraction method provides an enzyme of about 50,000 molecular weight in distinction to the large aggregated form obtained by the usual extraction with sodium chloride.
Flexible Bit: A New Anti-Vibration PDC Bit Concept (1995)

ABSTRACT This paper introduces the novel concept of a "flexible" polycrystalline diamond compact (PDC) bit, and its capability to reduce detrimental vibration associated with drag bits. The tilt flexibility, introduced at the bit, decouples the dynamic motion of the bottom hole assembly (BHA) from that of the bit, thus providing a dynamically more stable bit. The paper describes the details of a prototype 8-1/2" flexible bit design together with laboratory experiments and field tests which verify the concept.
Synthesis and Antituberculosis Activity of New Hydrazide Derivatives (2008)

The increasing clinical importance of drug-resistant mycobacterial pathogens, especially Mycobacterium tuberculosis, has lent additional urgency to microbiological research and new antimycobacterial compound development. For this purpose, new hydrazide derivatives of imidazo[1,2-a]pyridine were synthesized and evaluated for antituberculosis activity. The reaction of 2-[(2-carboxyimidazo[1,2-a]pyridine-3-yl)sulfanyl]acetic acid hydrazide with various benzaldehydes gave N-(arylidene)-2-[(2-carboxyimidazo[1,2-a]pyridine-3-yl)sulfanyl]acetic acid hydrazide derivatives. The chemical structures of the compounds were elucidated by IR,(1)H-NMR, FAB-MS spectral data and elemental analysis. Antituberculosis activities of the synthesized compounds were determined by broth microdilution assay, the Microplate Alamar Blue Assay in BACTEC 12B medium. The results were screened in vitro, using the BACTEC 460 Radiometric System against Mycobacterium tuberculosis H37Rv (ATCC 27294) at 6.25 microg/mL; the tested compounds showed significant inhibition.
Acquired Vitamin K-Dependent Carboxylation Deficiency in Liver Disease (1981)

gamma-Carboxyglutamic acid residues on prothrombin are synthesized from glutamic acid on a prothrombin precursor in the liver through a vitamin K-dependent carboxylase. In the absence of vitamin K or in the presence of vitamin K antagonists, an inert form of prothrombin - abnormal prothrombin - circulates in the blood. We have developed specific immunoassays for native and abnormal human prothrombin. The prothrombin concentration in our normal subjects was 108 +/- 19 microgram per milliliter. The abnormal-prothrombin concentration varied over four orders of magnitude between the limits of detection in normal plasma and the level in patients with cirrhosis (0 to 5 microgram per milliliter), acute hepatitis (0 to 33 microgram per milliliter), or vitamin K deficiency (32 to 100 microgram per milliliter) and in those treated with sodium warfarin (12 to 65 microgram per milliliter). These studies indicate that abnormal prothrombin is not a component of normal plasma but appears in a variety of hepatic and nutritional disorders characterized by impaired hepatic vitamin-K-dependent carboxylation.
Joint embeddings of shapes and images via CNN image purification (2015)

Both 3D models and 2D images contain a wealth of information about everyday objects in our environment. However, it is difficult to semantically link together these two media forms, even when they feature identical or very similar objects. We propose a joint embedding space populated by both 3D shapes and 2D images of objects, where the distances between embedded entities reflect similarity between the underlying objects. This joint embedding space facilitates comparison between entities of either form, and allows for cross-modality retrieval. We construct the embedding space using 3D shape similarity measure, as 3D shapes are more pure and complete than their appearance in images, leading to more robust distance metrics. We then employ a Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) to "purify" images by muting distracting factors. The CNN is trained to map an image to a point in the embedding space, so that it is close to a point attributed to a 3D model of a similar object to the one depicted in the image. This purifying capability of the CNN is accomplished with the help of a large amount of training data consisting of images synthesized from 3D shapes. Our joint embedding allows cross-view image retrieval, image-based shape retrieval, as well as shape-based image retrieval. We evaluate our method on these retrieval tasks and show that it consistently out-performs state-of-the-art methods, and demonstrate the usability of a joint embedding in a number of additional applications.
Electrochemical Capacitor System Life: Reductions Due to Cell Temperature and Voltage Non-uniformity (2006)

Abstract not Available.
Nitrous Oxide and Xenon Inhibit the Human (α7)5 Nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptor Expressed in Xenopus Oocyte (2003)

The neuronal nicotinic acetylcholine (nACh) receptor is one of the ligand-gated ion channels that regulate the synaptic release of neurotransmitters in the central nervous system. Recently, neuronal nACh receptors have received attention as a potential target for general anesthetics because many general anesthetics inhibit their functions at clinical concentrations. Several general anesthetics are known to inhibit the homomeric (α7)5 nACh receptor, a subtype of neuronal nACh receptors, but the effects of two gaseous anesthetics, nitrous oxide (N2O) and xenon (Xe), remain unknown. Using the two-electrode voltage-clamping technique, we investigated the effects of N2O and Xe at the human (α7)5 nACh receptor expressed in Xenopus oocytes. At clinically relevant concentrations, N2O and Xe reversibly inhibited the ACh-induced currents of the (α7)5 nACh receptor in a concen-tration-dependent manner. The inhibitory actions of both anesthetics at the (α7)5 nACh receptor were noncompetitive and voltage-independent. Our results suggest that inhibition of the (α7)5 nACh receptor by N2O and Xe may play a role in their anesthetic effects.
User-plane multi-connectivity aspects in 5G (2016)

We present an overview of the concept of multi-connectivity, as seen from the user-plane perspective of 5G mobile networks. The potential of multi-connectivity is discussed, when utilized towards higher throughput and/or higher reliability in 5G. Two major architecture options are considered, namely the traditional X2-based approach, and an architecture with centralized packet data convergence protocol (PDCP) layer, which are associated with different network deployments. An assessment of multi-connectivity over its intra-site counterpart, carrier aggregation, is presented, in terms of performance potential as well as in terms of the technical challenges involved.