gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
3D reconstruction of stents and guidewires in an anthropomorphic phantom from three x-ray projections (2022)

Today, the subcutaneous, minimally invasive procedures performed in interventional radiology are usually guided by 2D X-ray fluoroscopy. In 2D X-ray fluoroscopy a series of 2D X-ray images is displayed. For challenging procedures however, 3D X-ray fluoroscopy would be advantageous. In 3D X-ray fluoroscopy, a series of 3D images, which is reconstructed from a series of 2D X-ray images, is displayed. Because the number of images used for guiding an intervention is very high, little dose can be spent per 3D reconstruction of a 3D fluoroscopy. To save dose and to minimize motion artifacts, a reconstruction algorithm that requires very few X-ray projections is desirable. Earlier work showed that guidewires, stents and coils, which are commonly used in interventions, can be reconstructed using only four synthetic X-ray projections. The reconstruction from two or three X-ray projections was only studied briefly. In this work, we improve the method by using a more suitable neural network architecture and by using a multi-channel backprojection instead of a single-channel backprojection. We then apply the improved method to more realistic data measured in an anthropomorphic phantom. The results show that the method produces 3D reconstructions of stents and guidewires with submillimeter accuracy using only three measured X-ray projections.
IP transport in 3G radio access networks: an MPLS-based approach (2003)

An IP transport scheme for third generation radio access networks (3G RAN) based on multiprotocol label switching (MPLS) technology is proposed. The basic idea is to establish and manage label switched paths for interconnecting base stations and radio network controllers. This scheme incorporates constraint-based routing and Diffserv to provide transport bears that can support bandwidth provisioning and a variety of QoS requirements in the RAN.
Sequence Diversification by Divergent C-Terminal Elongation of Peptides (2018)

Sequence diversification at the C terminus is traditionally limited by significant epimerization of the C-terminal residue during its activation toward nucleophilic attack, thus mandating repetition of the peptide synthesis for each targeted variation. Here, we accomplish divergent C-terminal elongation of a single peptide substrate with concomitant resin cleavage via displacement of an N-acyl urea moiety. Sterically hindered amino acids such as Ile and Pro are well-tolerated in this approach, which proceeds reasonable conversion and no detectable epimerization of the starting peptide's C-terminal amino acid.
A Transcranial Magnetic Stimulator Inducing Near-Rectangular Pulses With Controllable Pulse Width (cTMS) (2007)

A novel transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) device with controllable pulse width (PW) and near-rectangular pulse shape (cTMS) is described. The cTMS device uses an insulated gate bipolar transistor (IGBT) with appropriate snubbers to switch coil currents up to 6 kA, enabling PW control from 5 micros to over 100 micros. The near-rectangular induced electric field pulses use 2%-34% less energy and generate 67%-72% less coil heating compared to matched conventional cosine pulses. CTMS is used to stimulate rhesus monkey motor cortex in vivo with PWs of 20 to 100 micros, demonstrating the expected decrease of threshold pulse amplitude with increasing PW. The technological solutions used in the cTMS prototype can expand functionality, and reduce power consumption and coil heating in TMS, enhancing its research and therapeutic applications.
Torsional Vibrations in Rotordynamic Systems: Smart Investigation Methods (2009)

Nowadays more and more complex applications in the Oil & Gas industry, customer tailor made designs and electrification growth present new and tougher rotor dynamic challenges. As a consequence, in addition to lateral, also torsional vibrations need to be monitored and deeply investigated during string test and at site, to validate design or when unexpected issues occur. This paper describes the experiences achieved by the authors on the study and fulfillment of smart investigation methods for torsional vibration analysis at site, where measurements and diagnostics need to be carried out without affecting production and field operation. Several methods have been studied, tested and validated on simulators and on an internal test bench before being finally applied to site troubleshooting with the purpose of avoiding unit shut down, allowing on line monitoring and reducing costs. All studied investigation methods are presented in this paper with results, comparative analysis and an overview of the simulator and of the other systems tested. Possible future developments are described also. It is now possible to protect machineries against unexpected high torsional vibrations leveraging the standard instrumentation normally available for unit protection and monitoring.
A complementary domain specific design environment aiding SysML (2016)

In system engineering, it is a common practice to start exploring the solution space through usage of design mechanisms such as SysML, a modeling language for expressing system design. The usage of such methodologies allow creating design of target solutions through identification of use cases, components, their interfaces, interaction data models and so on. Since it is a generic language, the concepts in SysML require manual mapping to the concepts in the problem domain so that the target design could be expressed in domain terms. This makes its usage effort-intensive since the process of binding with problem domain is highly dependent on domain experts and their understanding. SysML mitigates this by allowing itself to be extended as reusable profiles incorporating problem domain concepts and patterns. However, the process to support this activity isn't well defined. To solve the process of creating design solutions specific to a domain, we propose an approach which includes defining a design environment that is domain aware. It has been referred to as a Domain Specific Engineering Environment (DSEE). DSEE supports the design creation process more holistically by providing support for the various systems engineering life cycle phases other than designing. The developed DSEE is based on the Model Driven Engineering (MDE) paradigm which enables it to be integrated and viewed in SysML terminology. The environment has support for a Domain Specific Modeling Language (DSML) along with suitable graphical representations corresponding to SysML standards, making it easy for SysML users to design systems. DSEE is created as a plug-in in Eclipse platform. This paper discusses about the DSEE.
Seismic exploration method and apparatus for cancelling nonuniformly distributed noise (1990)

First Page
Super-orthogonal space-time trellis codes (2003)

We introduce a new class of space-time codes called super-orthogonal space-time trellis codes. These codes combine set partitioning and a super set of orthogonal space-time block codes in a systematic way to provide full diversity and improved coding gain over earlier space-time trellis code constructions. We also study the optimality of our set partitioning and provide coding gain analysis. Codes operating at different rates, up to the highest theoretically possible rate, for different number of states can be designed by using our optimal set partitioning. Super-orthogonal space-time trellis codes can provide a tradeoff between rate and coding gain. Simulation results show more than 2-dB improvements over the codes presented in the literature while providing a systematic design methodology.
PEGylated poly(ester amide) elastomer scaffolds for soft tissue engineering (2017)

Biodegradable synthetic elastomers with tunable mechanical and physicochemical properties remain attractive materials for soft tissue engineering. We have recently synthesized novel poly(1,3-diamino-2-hydroxypropane-co-glycerol sebacate)-co-poly(ethylene glycol) (APS-co-PEG) biodegradable elastomers. This class of PEGylated elastomers has widely tunable mechanical and degradation properties compared wtih currently available biodegradable elastomers. To further investigate the biological application of this class of elastomers, we fabricated hybrid APS-co-PEG/polycaprolactone (PCL) porous scaffolds by electrospinning. The fiber morphology, chemical composition, mechanical properties, degradability, and cytocompatibility of hybrid APS-co-PEG/PCL electrospun scaffolds were characterized. These scaffolds exhibited a wide range of mechanical properties and similar cytocompatibility to PCL scaffolds. Importantly, PEGylation inhibited platelet adhesion on all APS-co-PEG/PCL electrospun scaffolds when compared with PCL and APS/PCL scaffolds, suggesting a potential role in mitigating thrombogenicity in vivo. Additionally, APS-25PEG/PCL scaffolds were found to be mechanically analogous to human heart valve leaflet and supported attachment of human aortic valve cells. These results reveal that hybrid APS-co-PEG/PCL scaffolds may serve as promising constructs for soft tissue engineering, especially heart valve tissue engineering. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Natural language watermarking: Challenges in building a practical system (2006)

This paper gives an overview of the research and implementation challenges we encountered in building an end-to-end natural language processing based watermarking system. With natural language watermarking, we mean embedding the watermark into a text document, using the natural language components as the carrier, in such a way that the modifications are imperceptible to the readers and the embedded information is robust against possible attacks. Of particular interest is using the structure of the sentences in natural language text in order to insert the watermark. We evaluated the quality of the watermarked text using an objective evaluation metric, the BLEU score. BLEU scoring is commonly used in the statistical machine translation community. Our current system prototype achieves 0.45 BLEU score on a scale [0,1].
Development of High Performance Thin Heat Pipe for Cooling Small Form Factor Devices (2010)

The fast development in computing technology and the trend towards miniature architecture has created a more challenging task for cooling high-powered electronic components in further confined spaces. Thermal solution providers are required to develop higher performance and thinner heat pipes for their cooling devices. This paper shows the detail development of 1 mm thick heat pipe. In order to improve and characterize the heat pipe performance, various parameters were investigated such as wick structures; heat pipe length and thickness; operating temperatures; water-surface wettability and operation against gravity. In general, for a low-profile device, the heat pipe length is usually less than 150 mm and the operating temperature less than 80 °C. Based on this condition, if using a diameter 4 mm heat pipe flattened to 1 mm thick, the maximum heat transfer is about 11 watts.
Charging Time Control of Wireless Power Transfer Systems Without Using Mutual Coupling Information and Wireless Communication System (2016)

A charging time control method for wireless power transfer systems with a secondary-side hysteresis output power control is presented. It is a primary-side control method that adopts the combined use of three concepts, namely 1) an intermediate capacitor in the receiver circuit as a power flow indicator, 2) hysteresis switching actions of a shunt decoupling power switch in the receiver circuit to regulate the dc voltage of such intermediate capacitor, and 3) the turn-on and turn-off times of the decoupling switch detected on the primary side for closed-loop control. This method has the advantage of eliminating the need for 1) precise information of the mutual inductance between the transmitter and the receiver coils and 2) wireless communication system for feedback purpose. Practical results obtained from a hardware prototype are included. They confirm the proposed operating principles and indicate that the method can automatically lead to optimal energy efficiency operation.
Digital LDO with analog-assisted dynamic reference correction for fast and accurate load regulation (2017)

Low-dropout voltage regulators (LDOs) have been extensively used on-chip to supply voltage for various circuit blocks. Digital LDOs (DLDO) have recently attracted circuit designers for their low voltage operating capability and load current scalability. Existing DLDO techniques suffer from either poor transient performance due to slow digital control loop or poor DC load regulation due to low loop gain. A dual-loop architecture to improve the DC load regulation and transient performance is proposed in this work. The proposed regulator uses a fast control loop for improved transient response and an analog assisted dynamic reference correction loop for an improved DC load regulation. The design achieved a DC load regulation of 0.005mV/mA and a settling time of 139ns while regulating loads up to 200mA. The proposed DLDO is designed in 28nm FD-SOI technology with a 0.027mm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> active area.
Ultra-low repetition rate mode-locked fiber laser with high-energy pulses (2008)

This paper reports on the results of research into passively modelocked fiber laser with a record-setting optical length of the resonant cavity amounting to 3.8 km. Significant elongation of the laser resonator led to more than two orders of magnitude increase in the output pulse energy at the same pump radiation power. At ultra-low (for mode-locked lasers) pulse repetition rate (77 kHz) and pulse duration of 3 ns the energy per pulse reached 3.9 microJ. At this moment this is the highest pulse energy on record generated directly from a mode-locked laser without Q-switching, cavity dumping techniques, or additional optical amplifiers.
Reciprocal Symmetry Plots as a Representation of Countercurrent Chromatograms (2007)

Traditionally, chromatograms in countercurrent chromatography (CCC) have been plotted with retention volume or time on the x-axis. However, the distribution constant (K) is a more appropriate, reproducible value for the x-axis, because it is a physicochemical property of a particular analyte in a particular solvent system. Therefore, K is independent of both the total column volume and the stationary-phase volume ratio (SF) of the column. Going one step beyond simple K plots, the reciprocal symmetry (ReS) plot, with K and 1/K positioned on either side of a line of symmetry on the x-axis, represents all K values, zero to infinity. Based on experimental evidence, using a mixture of CCC reference standards, the ReS plot demonstrates both the invertible and "symmetric" nature of CCC, a consequence of the exchange of the mobile and stationary phases by reversing the direction of the flow and the symmetry of the liquid-liquid partitioning process between two immiscible phases, respectively. Moreover, the interval of optimal resolution can be centered on the ReS plot to focus on K values of interest, establishing the reciprocal shifted symmetry (ReSS) plots in CCC. Improved representation of peak shape across the whole CCC polarity range is an added advantage of ReSS plots over both K and classical retention volume plots.
Shut-in time optimization after fracturing in shale oil reservoirs (2022)

A multi-process (fracturing, shut-in and production) multi-phase flow model was derived considering the osmotic pressure, membrane effect, elastic energy and capillary force, to determine the optimal shut-in time after multi-cluster staged hydraulic fracturing in shale reservoirs for the maximum production. The accuracy of the model was verified by using production data and commercial software. Based on this model and method, a physical model was made based on the inversion of fracture parameters from fracturing pressure data, to simulate the dynamic changes of pore pressure and oil saturation during fracturing, soaking and production, examine effects of 7 factors on the optimal shut-in time, and find out the main factors affecting the optimal shut-in time through orthogonal experiments. With the increase of shut-in time, the increment of cumulative production increases rapidly first and then tended to a stable value, and the shut-in time corresponding to the inflection point of the change was the optimal shut-in time. The optimal shut-in time has a nonlinear negative correlation with matrix permeability, porosity, capillary pressure multiple and fracture length, a nonlinear positive correlation with the membrane efficiency and total volume of injected fluid, and a nearly linear positive correlation with displacement. The seven factors in descending order of influence degree on optimal shut-in time are total volume of injected fluid, capillary force multiple, matrix permeability, porosity, membrane efficiency, salinity of fracturing fluid, fracturing fluid displacement.
Antivirulence Properties of an Antifreeze Protein (2014)

(Cell Reports 9, 417–424; October 23, 2014) In the originally published version of this article, the authors neglected to include the following paragraph in the Experimental Procedures: “Mice were monitored at regular intervals for up to 36 hr for the following signs of moribund condition: sustained hypothermia (body temperature < 30°C for more than 1 hr, as measured by the infrared thermometer), lethargy, dehydration, change in color of mucous membranes, and labored breathing. We determined that mice showing more than three of the indicated signs were moribund and euthanized them promptly with CO2.” The paragraph has been added under the section Murine Challenges with Bacteria and Surgeries, and the corrected paper now appears online. The authors regret any confusion this omission may have caused. Antivirulence Properties of an Antifreeze ProteinHeisig et al.Cell ReportsOctober 16, 2014In BriefHeisig et al. show that IAFGP, a tick antifreeze glycoprotein that was known to confer cold resistance, also functions as a potent antivirulence factor during infection. IAFGP prevents bacterial biofilm formation in multiple pathogens, and a homologous synthetic peptide shows potential for application in medical applications. Full-Text PDF Open Access
Video Stream Mining for On-Road Traffic Density Analytics (2013)

Traffic congestion problem is rising day-by-day due to increasing number of small to heavy weight vehicles on the road, poorly designed infrastructure, and ineffective control systems. This chapter addresses the problem of estimating computer vision based traffic density using video stream mining. We present an efficient approach for traffic density estimation using texture analysis along with Support Vector Machine (SVM) classifier, and describe analyzing traffic density for on-road traffic congestion control with better flow management. This approach facilitates integrated environment for users to derive traffic status by mining the available video streams from multiple cameras. It also facilitates processing video frames received from video cameras installed in traffic posts and classifies the frames according to traffic content at any particular instance. Time series information available from various input streams is combined with traffic video classification results to discover traffic trends.
Speaker recognition using orthogonal linear prediction (1976)

Recent experiments in speech synthesis have shown that, by an appropriate eigenvector analysis, a set of orthogonal parameters can be obtained that is essentially independent of all linguistic information across an analyzed utterance, but highly indicative of the identity of the speaker. The orthogonal parameters are formed by a linear transformation of the linear prediction parameters, and can achieve their recognition potential without the need of any time-normalization procedure. The speaker discrimination potential of the linear prediction orthogonal parameters was formally tested in both a speaker identification and a speaker verification experiment. The speech data for these experiments consisted of six repetitions of the same sentence spoken by 21 male speakers on six separate occasions. For both identification and verification, the recognition accuracy of the orthogonal parameters exceeded 99 percent for high-quality speech inputs. For telephone inputs, the accuracy exceeded 96 percent. In a separate text-independent speaker identification experiment, an accuracy of 94 percent was achieved for high-quality speech inputs.
Use of advanced control with virtual rolling to improve the control of the threading of the tandem hot metal strip mill (2016)

Previously our work has investigated the use of a state dependent Riccati equation (SDRE) based method for the control of a fully threaded tandem hot metal strip mill, with highly successful results. We present in this paper the results of further work wherein the SDRE method is combined with a virtual processing technique to greatly simplify the control of the threading phase of the tandem hot strip mill. This initial work also has been highly successful, with a strong potential for extension to other industrial process.
Cloning and Analysis of Valerophenone Synthase Gene Expressed Specifically in Lupulin Gland of Hop (Humulus lupulus L.) (2001)

Resin and essential oil derived from hop (Humulus lupulus L.) cones are very important compounds for beer brewing, and they specifically accumulate in the lupulin gland of hop cones. In order to identify the genes responsible for the biosynthetic pathway of these compounds and use the identified genes for hop breeding using Marker Assisted Selection and transformation techniques, genes expressed specifically in the lupulin gland were cloned and sequenced. One of them was suggested to be similar to the chalcone synthase gene from the DNA sequence. The translation product of the gene had the activity of valerophenone synthase, which catalyzes a part of the synthesis reaction of alpha-acid and beta-acid. Northern analysis showed that the valerophenone synthase gene seemed to be expressed specifically in the lupulin gland.
RAPP: lossless image compression with runs of adaptive pixel patterns (2002)

We propose a lossless compression technique specifically designed for palettized synthetic images. Predictive techniques no not work very well for these images, as a prediction "formula" based on some average of the values or palette indices of neighbors is not likely to be very meaningful. The proposed algorithm uses patterns of neighborhood pixels to predict and code each pixel. The prediction rules for different patterns are learned adaptively from the image itself. Using a large number of test images of the above kind (maps, clip-art, line drawings), the proposed method is found to reduce the size achieved by GIF compression by 50%, and the size resulting from the previous best approach (CALIC with optimized palette reordering) by 20%.