gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
High-Efficiency Silicon Heterojunction Solar Cells by HWCVD (2006)

We report progresses in the development of silicon heterojunction (SHJ) solar cells by hot-wire chemical vapor deposition (HWCVD). A confirmed 18.2% efficiency on a p-type textured wafer has been achieved based on improvements in surface passivation by a-Si:H emitter and back contact as well as in fill factor. The primary objective of high open-circuit voltage (V <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">oc</sub> ) is achieved by front a-Si:H/c-Si heterojunction optimization, by replacing a conventional Al-alloyed or P-diffused back-surface field with a back c-Si/a-Si:H heterojunction, and by maintaining excellent surface passivation on textured silicon wafers. We first obtain a V <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">oc</sub> of 652 mV with a front a-Si:H(n/i) heterojunction emitter on p-type solar cells with an Al back-surface-field (BSF) contact. The high-temperature Al-BSF is then successfully replaced by low-temperature HWCVD-deposited a-Si:H(i/p) layers as the back contact. Lifetime measurement shows the surface recombination velocity (SRV) is reduced to ~15 cm/sec. A higher V <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">oc </sub> of 676 mV is obtained with an a-Si:H(n/i) front-emitter and a-Si:H(i/p) back-contact double-heterojunction SHJ solar cell structure, indicating superior back-surface passivation of the textured p-wafer. On n-type silicon wafers, we use an a-Si:H(p/i) front emitter and an a-Si:H(i/n) back contact, to achieve a V <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">oc</sub> of 711 mV, the highest voltage obtained by the HWCVD technique so far. Good fill factors are also obtained using the amorphous-phase materials as the back contacts. S-shaped I-V curves are observed if doping cross-contamination are present among different a-Si:H layers or doping level is not enough in the TCO-contacting p-type a-Si:H layer
Cost Reduction in Nearest Neighbour Based Synthesis of Quantum Boolean Circuits. (2008)

Abstract—Quantum computer algorithms require an ‘oracle’ as an integral part. An oracle is a reversible quantum Boolean circuit, where the inputs are kept unchanged at the outputs and the functional outputs are realized along ancillary input constants (0 or 1). Recently, a nearest neighbour template based synthesis method of quantum Boolean circuits has been proposed to overcome the adjacency requirement of the input qubits of physical quantum gates. The method used SWAP gates to bring the input qubits of quantum CNOT or C 2 NOT gates adjacent. In this paper, we propose cost reduction techniques such as ancillary constant determination to reduce the number of NOT gates and variable ordering and product grouping to reduce the number of SWAP gates required in nearest neighbour template based synthesis. The proposed approach significantly reduces the quantum realization cost of the synthesized quantum Boolean circuit than that of the original nearest neighbour template based synthesis. Index Terms — Ancillary constant determination, nearest neighbour template, product grouping, quantum Boolean circuit, fixed polarity Reed-Muller expression, reversible logic, variable ordering I.
Evaluation of brivaracetam, a novel SV2A ligand, in the photosensitivity model (2007)

Our findings show that brivaracetam clearly suppresses generalized photoparoxysmal EEG response. As such, investigations of the antiepileptic properties and tolerability of brivaracetam are warranted in further clinical studies of patients with epilepsy.
Photon emission study of ESD protection devices under second breakdown conditions (1994)

The relationship between ESD performance and photon emission from MOSFETs under breakdown conditions has been studied for various drain structures. Since ESD protection level is well correlated with current driveability in the second breakdown region, observation of the spatial distribution of photon emission provides new insight to the understanding of breakdown behaviors resulting in different ESD performance. The photon emission study revealed that the three-dimensional progression of breakdown behaviors depends on drain structures and are correlated with ESD performance.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD): Evaluation from clinical, immunological and bacterial pathogenesis perspectives (2014)

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), a disease manifested by significantly impaired airflow, afflicts ∼14.2 million cases in the United States alone with an estimated 63 million people world-wide. Although there are a number of causes, the predominant cause is excessive tobacco smoke. In fact, in China, there have been estimates of 315,000,000 people that smoke. Other less frequent causes are associated with indirect cigarette smoke, air pollutants, biomass fuels, and genetic mutations. COPD is often associated with heart disease, lung cancer, osteoporosis and conditions can worsen in patients with sudden falls. COPD also affects both innate and adaptive immune processes. Cigarette smoke increases the expression of matrix metalloproteases and proinflammatory chemokines and increases lung titers of natural killer cells and neutrophils. Yet, neutrophil reactive oxygen species (ROS) mediated by the phagocytic respiratory burst and phagocytosis is impaired by nicotine. In contrast to innate immunity in COPD, dendritic cells represent leukocytes recruited to the lung that link the innate immune responses to adaptive immune responses by activating naïve T cells through antigen presentation. The autoimmune process that is also a significant part of inflammation associated with COPD. Moreover, coupled with restricted FEV1 values, are the prevalence of patients with single or multiple infections by bacteria, viruses and fungi. Finally, we focus on one of the more problematic infectious agents, the Gram-negative opportunistic pathogenic bacterium, Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Specifically, we delve into the development of highly problematic biofilm infections that are highly refractory to conventional antibiotic therapies in COPD. We offer a non-conventional, biocidal treatment that may be effective for COPD airway infections as well as with combinations of current antibiotic regimens for more effective treatment outcomes and relief for patients with COPD.
Adaptive Scheduling of Spectrum Sensing Periods in Cognitive Radio Networks (2007)

We consider a cognitive radio (CR) network that makes opportunistic use of a set of channels licensed to some primary network. During its operation, the CR network is required to carry out spectrum sensing to detect active primary users, thereby avoiding interfering with them. However, spectrum sensing can cause negative effects to the performance of the CR network, as all CR communication has to be postponed during channel sensing. This paper focuses on adaptively scheduling the spectrum sensing periods so that negative impacts to the performance of the CR network are minimized. We first consider the case when CR nodes always have data to transmit and experience time- varying channels. Based on knowledge of channel conditions, the sensing periods are adaptively scheduled to maximize the spectrum efficiency of the CR operation. We then consider the case when CR nodes experience both stochastic data arrival and time-varying channels. By treating each sensing period as a ' <i xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">virtual</i> <i xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">sensing</i> <i xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">packet</i> ', we convert the problem of joint data-transmission/spectrum-sensing scheduling into a standard queueing model. Based on that, efficient scheduling algorithms that take into account channel and queueing conditions of the CR network to achieve good quality of service are proposed.
Sensitivity analysis of interleaved OFDMA system uplink to carrier frequency offset (2011)

This paper investigates the sensitivity analysis of orthogonal frequency division multiple access (OFDMA) systems to carrier frequency offset (CFO) in the uplink. This analysis uses simple superposition principle approach, where the effects of different users are studied separately. We calculate a closed-form expression for signal-to-interference ratio (SIR) and derive very simple expressions for inter-carrier interference (ICI) and multiple access interference (MAI) in interleaved subcarrier allocation scheme. Finally theoretical results are verified using Monte Carlo simulation.
Robust Invariant Features for Object Recognition and M obile Robot Navigation (2009)

In this paper, we present a novel local feature detector for the object recognition and robot navigation applications. The proposed algorithm extracts highly robust and repeatable features based on the key idea of tracking and grouping multi-scale interest points and selecting a unique representative structure with the strongest response in both spatial and scale domains. Weighted Zernike moments are used as the local descriptor for feature representation. The experimental results and performance evaluation show that our feature detector has high repeatability and invariance to large scale, viewpoint and illumination changes. The efficiency and usefulness of the proposed feature detection method are also confirmed by the excellent performance on object recognition and indoor topological navigation. 1
Plant Based Antiamoebic Drugs; Part I. Antiamoebic Activity of Phenanthroindolizidine Alkaloids; Common Structural Determinants of Activity with Emetine (1987)

Fourteen phenanthroindolizidine alkaloids which differ in number, nature, and distribution of oxygen-bearing substituents, in the presence of unsaturation in ring E or in the presence of an angular (methyl or hydroxyl) function or in the cleaved phenanthrene portion were isolated from two species of Tylophora plant. These along with the synthesized unsubstituted molecule and its intermediates were examined for their amoebicidal activity in vitro and all had been found active with varying MIC's. Structure-activity relationships were deduced and common structural-determinants of this activity with emetine were found. The acute toxicity of tylophorine hydrochloride was determined and the same was found to be equally effective in intestinal as well as hepatic amoebiasis in test animals.
Oxygen Radical Absorbing Capacity of Anthocyanins (1997)

Anthocyanins are natural colorants belonging to the flavonoid family. They are widely distributed among flowers, fruits, and vegetables. Using the automated oxygen radical absorbance capacity (ORAC) assay developed in our laboratory, we determined the antioxidant capacity of 14 anthocyanins including the aglycons delphinidin, cyanindin, pelargonidin, malvidin, peonidin, and their derivatives with different sugar linkages. Among these anthocyanins, kuromanin (cyanidin-3-glucoside) had the highest ORAC activity, which was 3.5 times stronger than Trolox (vitamin E analogue), while pelargonin had the lowest antioxidant activity but was still as potent as Trolox. Different patterns of hydroxylation and glycosylation in anthocyanins appear to modulate their antioxidant properties. Therefore, in addition to their colorful characteristics, anthocyanins possess potent antioxidant properties. Keywords: Anthocyanins; flavonoids; colorants; ORAC; antioxidant; peroxyl radical
Formation of SnO<sub>2</sub> Hollow Nanospheres inside Mesoporous Silica Nanoreactors (2010)

We report an interesting approach for efficient synthesis of SnO(2) hollow spheres inside mesoporous silica "nanoreactors". The as-prepared products are shown to have a uniform size distribution and good structural stability. When evaluated for their lithium storage properties, these SnO(2) hollow spheres manifest improved capacity retention.
Experimental Metastasis and CTL Adoptive Transfer Immunotherapy Mouse Model (2010)

Experimental metastasis mouse model is a simple and yet physiologically relevant metastasis model. The tumor cells are injected intravenously (i.v) into mouse tail veins and colonize in the lungs, thereby, resembling the last steps of tumor cell spontaneous metastasis: survival in the circulation, extravasation and colonization in the distal organs. From a therapeutic point of view, the experimental metastasis model is the simplest and ideal model since the target of therapies is often the end point of metastasis: established metastatic tumor in the distal organ. In this model, tumor cells are injected i.v into mouse tail veins and allowed to colonize and grow in the lungs. Tumor-specific CTLs are then injected i.v into the metastases-bearing mouse. The number and size of the lung metastases can be controlled by the number of tumor cells to be injected and the time of tumor growth. Therefore, various stages of metastasis, from minimal metastasis to extensive metastasis, can be modeled. Lung metastases are analyzed by inflation with ink, thus allowing easier visual observation and quantification.
An Overview of High Temperature Electronics and Sensor Development at NASA Glenn Research Center (2002)

This paper gives a brief overview of the status of high temperature electronics and sensor development at NASA Glenn Research Center supported in part or in whole by the Ultra Efficient Engine Technology Program. These activities contribute to the long-term development of an intelligent engine by providing information on engine conditions even in high temperature, harsh environments. The technology areas discussed are: 1) High temperature electronics, 2) Sensor technology development (Pressure sensor and High temperature electronic nose), 3) Packaging of harsh environment devices and sensors, and 4) Improved Silicon Carbide electronic materials. A description of the state-of-the-art and technology challenges is given for each area. It is concluded that the realization of a future intelligent engine depends on the development of both hardware and software including electronics and sensors to make smart components. When such smart components become available, an intelligent engine composed of smart components may become a reality.
Face Recognition with Local Binary Patterns, Spatial Pyramid Histograms and Naive Bayes Nearest Neighbor Classification (2009)

Face recognition algorithms commonly assume that face images are well aligned and have a similar pose -- yet in many practical applications it is impossible to meet these conditions. Therefore extending face recognition to unconstrained face images has become an active area of research. To this end, histograms of Local Binary Patterns (LBP) have proven to be highly discriminative descriptors for face recognition. Nonetheless, most LBP-based algorithms use a rigid descriptor matching strategy that is not robust against pose variation and misalignment. We propose two algorithms for face recognition that are designed to deal with pose variations and misalignment. We also incorporate an illumination normalization step that increases robustness against lighting variations. The proposed algorithms use descriptors based on histograms of LBP and perform descriptor matching with spatial pyramid matching (SPM) and Naive Bayes Nearest Neighbor (NBNN), respectively. Our contribution is the inclusion of flexible spatial matching schemes that use an image-to-class relation to provide an improved robustness with respect to intra-class variations. We compare the accuracy of the proposed algorithms against Ahonen's original LBP-based face recognition system and two baseline holistic classifiers on four standard datasets. Our results indicate that the algorithm based on NBNN outperforms the other solutions, and does so more markedly in presence of pose variations.
Mechanisms of Haploinsufficiency Revealed by Genome-Wide Profiling in Yeast (2005)

Haploinsufficiency is defined as a dominant phenotype in diploid organisms that are heterozygous for a loss-of-function allele. Despite its relevance to human disease, neither the extent of haploinsufficiency nor its precise molecular mechanisms are well understood. We used the complete set of Saccharomyces cerevisiae heterozygous deletion strains to survey the genome for haploinsufficiency via fitness profiling in rich (YPD) and minimal media to identify all genes that confer a haploinsufficient growth defect. This assay revealed that approximately 3% of all approximately 5900 genes tested are haploinsufficient for growth in YPD. This class of genes is functionally enriched for metabolic processes carried out by molecular complexes such as the ribosome. Much of the haploinsufficiency in YPD is alleviated by slowing the growth rate of each strain in minimal media, suggesting that certain gene products are rate limiting for growth only in YPD. Overall, our results suggest that the primary mechanism of haploinsufficiency in yeast is due to insufficient protein production. We discuss the relevance of our findings in yeast to human haploinsufficiency disorders.
The design of a high precision, wide common mode range auto-zero comparator (2015)

Thesis: M. Eng., Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, 2015.
Membrane-Free Battery for Harvesting Low-Grade Thermal Energy (2014)

Efficient and low-cost systems are desired to harvest the tremendous amount of energy stored in low-grade heat sources (<100 °C). An attractive approach is the thermally regenerative electrochemical cycle (TREC), which uses the dependence of electrode potential on temperature to construct a thermodynamic cycle for direct heat-to-electricity conversion. By varying the temperature, an electrochemical cell is charged at a lower voltage than discharged; thus, thermal energy is converted to electricity. Recently, a Prussian blue analog-based system with high efficiency has been demonstrated. However, the use of an ion-selective membrane in this system raises concerns about the overall cost, which is crucial for waste heat harvesting. Here, we report on a new membrane-free battery with a nickel hexacyanoferrate (NiHCF) cathode and a silver/silver chloride anode. The system has a temperature coefficient of -0.74 mV K(-1). When the battery is discharged at 15 °C and recharged at 55 °C, thermal-to-electricity conversion efficiencies of 2.6% and 3.5% are achieved with assumed heat recuperation of 50% and 70%, respctively. This work opens new opportunities for using membrane-free electrochemical systems to harvest waste heat.
A comparison of the effects of clomiphene citrate and the aromatase inhibitor letrozole on superovulation in Asian women with normal ovulatory cycles (2008)

The administration of 50 mg CC on days 3-5 was superior to 2.5 mg letrozole for superovulation induction in women with normal ovulation.
Differential roles of the tandem C1 domains of protein kinase C delta in the biphasic down-regulation induced by bryostatin 1. (1999)

Bryostatin 1 (Bryo), currently in clinical trials, has been shown to induce a biphasic concentration-response curve for down-regulating protein kinase C (PKC) delta, with protection of the enzyme from down-regulation at high Bryo doses. In our ongoing studies to identify the basis for this unique behavior of PKCdelta, we examined the participation of the two ligand binding sites (C1a and C1b) in the regulatory domain of the enzyme. Three mutants of PKCdelta prepared by introducing a point mutation in either C1a or Clb or both C1a and Clb were overexpressed in NIH 3T3 cells. All of the constructs retained a biphasic response to down-regulation assessed after 24-h treatment with Bryo. However, the roles of the individual C1 domains were different for the two phases of the response. For down-regulation, both the C1a and the C1b mutants displayed equivalent 3-4-fold reductions in their affinities for the ligand. For protection from down-regulation, a reduced protection was observed for the C1a mutant, which showed a broader biphasic curve compared with those for wild-type PKCdelta and the Clb mutant. Like wild-type PKCdelta, all of the mutants showed the same subcellular partitioning of the protected enzyme to the particulate fraction of the cells, arguing against changes in sensitivity to Bryo due to differences in localization. Likewise, relatively similar patterns of localization were observed using green fluorescent protein-PKCdelta constructs. We conclude that the C1 domains of PKCdelta do not have equivalent roles in inducing protection against Bryo-induced down-regulation. The C1a domain plays a critical role in conferring the degree of protection at high concentrations of Bryo. Elucidation of the differential effect of Bryo on PKCdelta may suggest strategies for the design of novel ligands with Bryo-like activities.
[Postprandial lipemia under treatment with Allium sativum. Controlled double-blind study of subjects with reduced HDL2-cholesterol]. (1992)

Postprandial Lipaemia under Treatment with Allium sativum/Controlled double-blind study in healthy volunteers with reduced HDL2-cholesterol levels. The effectiveness of a standardized garlic powder preparation (Sapec, Kwai) on alimentary hypertriglyceridaemia after intake of a standardized fatty test meal containing 100 g butter was analyzed in a randomized placebo-controlled double-blind study. 24 volunteers with HDL2-cholesterol concentrations in plasma of less than 10 mg/dl (men) respectively 15 mg/dl (women) participated in the study. The volunteers received 3 times 1 tablet daily over a period of 6 weeks equivalent to a daily dosage of 900 mg garlic powder in the active treated group. Control measurements were made on the 1st, 22nd and 43rd day of treatment and 0, 3 and 5 h after intake of the meal. The postprandial increase of triglycerides was clearly reduced under garlic medication as compared to placebo treatment. The determined AUC-values for the triglycerides were up to 35% lower in the garlic group compared to the placebo group. The regular intake of the garlic preparation over the period of 6 weeks showed a significant lowering of the fasting values of triglycerides in comparison to placebo. Under garlic medication HDL2-cholesterol increased more than under placebo in tendency.
The World Cancer Report and the burden of oral cancer (2004)

The WHO has recently provided the most comprehensive global examination of cancer to date, through the publication of the World Cancer Report (WCR). According to IARC-WHO estimates, cancer rates are set to increase at an alarming rate, from 10 million new cases globally in 2000, to 15 million in 2020. However, the report states that we have the opportunity to stem the predicted sharp increase in new cancer cases by taking action now, especially through planning effective cancer control strategies, such as reducing tobacco consumption, suggesting healthy lifestyle and diet, and performing early detection through screening. Although cancer of the oral cavity is largely related to lifestyle and can be easily detected and diagnosed at early stages through a 5 min visual inspection of the oral mucosa, actual figures concerning its prevention and early detection are dismal. Most oral cancers are detected at a late stage, requiring complex, costly and often ineffective therapies. Similarly, current research, educational and financial resources are focused on procedures burdened by high cost, high morbidity and unacceptable high mortality. Here we suggest that it is time to change this common point of view towards this disease and to alter this trend, stressing that there is no other oncologic specialty in which the WCR preventive guidelines could be applied in such an easy and effective manner, as in the field of oral cancer.