gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
SPVD: A magnetic vehicle detection system using a low power magnetometer (1978)

The Self Powered Vehicle Detector (SPVD) is a motor vehicle detection system, presently under development, that detects a vehicle's presence by measuring its magnetic signature in the roadway. An optimized two axis Brown fluxgate magnetometer is used as the transducer with a digital nulling loop to perform sensor offset nulling and logic functions. An FM telemetry link containing three encoded tones conveys the roadway emplanted SPVD vehicle presence and device status information to a roadside control unit which may interface with other traffic control systems. A minimum one year operational lifetime is anticipated in a roadway with a 20,000 vehicles/day traffic flux.
Learning Optical Flow, Depth, and Scene Flow without Real-World Labels (2022)

Self-supervised monocular depth estimation enables robots to learn 3D perception from raw video streams. This scalable approach leverages projective geometry and ego-motion to learn via view synthesis, assuming the world is mostly static. Dynamic scenes, which are common in autonomous driving and human-robot interaction, violate this assumption. Therefore, they require modeling dynamic objects explicitly, for instance via estimating pixel-wise 3D motion, i.e. scene flow. However, the simultaneous self-supervised learning of depth and scene flow is ill-posed, as there are infinitely many combinations that result in the same 3D point. In this paper we propose DRAFT, a new method capable of jointly learning depth, optical flow, and scene flow by combining synthetic data with geometric self-supervision. Building upon the RAFT architecture, we learn optical flow as an intermediate task to bootstrap depth and scene flow learning via triangulation. Our algorithm also leverages temporal and geometric consistency losses across tasks to improve multi-task learning. Our DRAFT architecture simultaneously establishes a new state of the art in all three tasks in the self-supervised monocular setting on the standard KITTI benchmark. Project page: https://sites.google.com/tri.global/draft.
A Trusted UI for the Mobile Web (2014)

Modern mobile devices come with first class web browsers that rival their desktop counterparts in power and popularity. However, recent publications point out that mobile browsers are particularly susceptible to attacks on web authentication, such as phishing or clickjacking. We analyze those attacks and find that existing countermeasures from desktop computers can not be easily transfered to the mobile world. The attacks’ root cause is a missing trusted UI for security critical requests. Based on this result, we provide our approach, the MobileAuthenticator, that establishes a trusted path to the web application and reliably prohibits the described attacks. With this approach, the user only needs one tool to protect any number of mobile web application accounts. Based on the implementation as an app for iOS and Android respectively, we evaluate the approach and show that the underlying interaction scheme easily integrates into legacy web applications.
Improved max-log map turbo decoding using maximum mutual information combining (2004)

The demand for low-cost and low-power decoder chips has resulted in renewed interest in low-complexity decoding algorithms. In this paper a novel modification of the Max-Log-MAP algorithm is proposed for use in a turbo decoding process. This is achieved by scaling the a priori information by correction weights at each iteration, in order to maximize the exchange of mutual information between the component decoders. It is shown that the proposed technique results in a performance which approaches that of a turbo decoder using the optimum MAP algorithm, while maintaining the advantages of low complexity and insensitivity to input scaling inherent in the Max-Log-MAP algorithm. A second contribution of this paper is a method for off-line computation of the optimum weight values. The convergence behaviour of the proposed decoder is analysed via extrinsic information transfer (EXIT) charts.
Acoustic device for a head protector (1984)

Views Icon Views Article contents Figures & tables Video Audio Supplementary Data Peer Review Share Icon Share Twitter Facebook Reddit LinkedIn Tools Icon Tools Reprints and Permissions Cite Icon Cite Search Site Citation Masato Murayama, Mitsugi Akita; Acoustic device for a head protector. J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 1 August 1984; 76 (2): 657. https://doi.org/10.1121/1.391163 Download citation file: Ris (Zotero) Reference Manager EasyBib Bookends Mendeley Papers EndNote RefWorks BibTex toolbar search Search Dropdown Menu toolbar search search input Search input auto suggest filter your search All ContentAcoustical Society of AmericaThe Journal of the Acoustical Society of America Search Advanced Search |Citation Search
Tissue characterization using high wave number Raman spectroscopy (2005)

Raman spectroscopy is a powerful diagnostic tool, enabling tissue identification and classification. Mostly, the so-called fingerprint (approximately 400-1800 cm(-1)) spectral region is used. In vivo application often requires small flexible fiber-optic probes, and is hindered by the intense Raman signal that is generated in the fused silica core of the fiber. This necessitates filtering of laser light, which is guided to the tissue, and of the scattered light collected from the tissue, leading to complex and expensive designs. Fused silica has no Raman signal in the high wave number region (2400-3800 cm(-1)). This enables the use of a single unfiltered fiber to guide laser light to the tissue and to collect scattered light in this spectral region. We show, by means of a comparison of in vitro Raman microspectroscopic maps of thin tissue sections (brain tumors, bladder), measured both in the high wave number region and in the fingerprint region, that essentially the same diagnostic information is obtained in the two wave number regions. This suggests that for many clinical applications the technological hurdle of designing and constructing suitable fiber-optic probes may be eliminated by using the high wave number region and a simple piece of standard optical fiber.
Cavity buildup dispersion spectroscopy (2021)

Abstract Measurements of ultrahigh-fidelity absorption spectra can help validate quantum theory, engineer ultracold chemistry, and remotely sense atmospheres. Recent achievements in cavity-enhanced spectroscopy using either frequency-based dispersion or time-based absorption approaches have set new records for accuracy with uncertainties at the sub-per-mil level. However, laser scanning or susceptibility to nonlinearities limits their ultimate performance. Here we present cavity buildup dispersion spectroscopy (CBDS), probing the CO molecule as an example, in which the dispersive frequency shift of a cavity resonance is encoded in the cavity’s transient response to a phase-locked non-resonant laser excitation. Beating between optical frequencies during buildup exactly localizes detuning from mode center, and thus enables single-shot dispersion measurements. CBDS can yield an accuracy limited by the chosen frequency standard and measurement duration and is currently 50 times less susceptible to detection nonlinearity compared to intensity-based methods. Moreover, CBDS is significantly faster than previous frequency-based cavity-enhanced methods. The generality of CBDS shows promise for improving fundamental research into a variety of light–matter interactions.
Apply Two-Way Cluster Analysis to Select Candidate Reservoir Models From Multiple Realizations (2016)

Abstract Unconventional resource plays are not typically homogeneous; therefore the reservoirs might not be contiguous. Geostatistical based earth modeling can create hundreds of reservoir property realizations. The challenge is to select a few optimal models from these realizations for further analysis. Traditionally, candidates are selected from ranked distributions representing quantiles (e.g., P10, P50, and P90) of the reservoir volumetrics, which assumes contiguous reservoir volumes. However, such methods lack any physical geometrical information. In this paper, a two-way clustering method is used to take into account spatial property information. First, a three-dimensional (3-D) realization is transformed into a one-dimensional (1-D) array, so that each element of the array maps to one single grid cell that carries the spatial location information. Next, a matrix is created from the multiple realizations. Each column represents a single realization, and each row represents a single 3-D grid cell. Then, clustering algorithm is applied to both columns (R-mode) and rows (Q-mode). R-mode shows the similarity of different realizations, whereas Q-mode shows the clusters of different cells. Finally, connected geobodies are extracted from the clusters. This novel method was applied to a west Texas Permian basin reservoir. Domain experts can first select realization candidates from different R-mode clusters and compare the results. Then, the location and connectivity of cells from Q-mode clustering can be mapped in addition to evaluating their statistical ranking. During Q-mode cluster analysis, Euclidean distance carries the spatial property location of the cell in a distance calculation. Statistical analysis of the geobodies suggests the optimal realization, which is not necessarily the P50. Through such quantitative evaluations of all the realizations, geologists and reservoir engineers can select optimistic to pessimistic realizations to aid economic assessment of the reservoir.
A stochastic and scalable approach for real-time global illumination (2016)

Light transport simulation is an important component of realistic image synthesis. The body of research work related to this phenomenon is referred as global illumination and, despite its well known physics laws, remains a challenging problem due to its high computational cost, with even more critical consequences for real-time scenarios. We present here a novel approach to address the real-time global illumination problem using forward rendering techniques. We focus on unshadowed diffuse interaction for the first indirect light bounce in the context of large models such as the complex scenes usually encountered in CAD application scenarios. We propose an approach, inspired from light cuts [Walter et al. 2005], which efficiently generates on-the-fly a fast, multiscale and temporally coherent radiance cache by exploiting the geometry-specific stages of the graphics pipeline, namely the tessellator unit and the geometry shader. Our probabilistic solution is supported by a mathematical analysis and a number of experiments covering a wide range of application scenarios. Moreover, no precomputation is needed and our solution is compatible with dynamic view point, lighting condition, geometry and materials.
Reconfigurable Logic Cell for Superconducting Magnetic Field Programmable Gate Array (2019)

Field Programmable gate arrays (FPGAs) are one of the most successful circuits in the semiconductor industry. In the absence of a reliable three-terminal switch like MOSFET for rapid single flux quantum(RSFQ) technology, it was difficult to implement FPGA like reconfiguralbe circuits. However, a recently proposed superconducting magnetic FPGA (SMFPGA) implements a controllable switch by controlling the critical current of magnetic Josephson Junctions (MJJs) placed in energy-efficient RSFQ bias network. For implementing a configurable logic block (CLB) with a smaller area for the said FPGA, we designed a reconfigurable gate that can implement four basic logical functions: AND, OR, XOR and NOT. The programmability to implement the four functions is achieved by introducing MJJs in the circuit at specific locations and programming their critical current. The gate is made reconfigurable by having the ability to change both the bias current at different ports and the critical current of a JJ in the gate to two different values. This makes the size of CLB ten times smaller compared to the earlier design and simplifies the SMFPGA. We describe the design methodology and the simulation results of the reconfigurable gate.
Single photon detection at 1.3 μm using a gated avalanche photodiode (1984)

We have done experiments on the detection of single photons at a wavelength of 1.3 μm using a gated Ge avalanche photodiode pulse biased above breakdown. The influence of traps on the breakdown voltage was measured and the possibility of using such an ultrasensitive photodiode as a quantum limited detector for optical communications is discussed.
Compact laser through improved heat conductance (1975)

A 16-joule-pulse laser has been developed in which a boron nitride heat-conductor enclosure is used to remove heat from the elements. Enclosure is smaller and lighter than systems in which cooling fluids are used.
New insights in Type I and <scp>II CD</scp>20 antibody mechanisms‐of‐action with a panel of novel <scp>CD</scp>20 antibodies (2018)

Based on their mechanisms-of-action, CD20 monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) are grouped into Type I [complement-dependent cytotoxicity (CDC) and antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity (ADCC)] and Type II [programmed cell death (PCD) and ADCC] mAbs. We generated 17 new hybridomas producing CD20 mAbs of different isotypes and determined unique heavy and light chain sequence pairs for 13 of them. We studied their epitope binding, binding kinetics and structural properties and investigated their predictive value for effector functions, i.e. PCD, CDC and ADCC. Peptide mapping and CD20 mutant screens revealed that 10 out of these 11 new mAbs have an overlapping epitope with the prototypic Type I mAb rituximab, albeit that distinct amino acids of the CD20 molecule contributed differently. Binding kinetics did not correlate with the striking differences in CDC activity among the mIgG2c mAbs. Interestingly, chimerization of mAb m1 resulted in a mAb displaying both Type I and II characteristics. PCD induction was lost upon introduction of a mutation in the framework of the heavy chain affecting the elbow angle, supporting that structural changes within this region can affect functional activities of CD20 mAbs. Together, these new CD20 mAbs provide further insights in the properties dictating the functional efficacy of CD20 mAbs.
Preliminary system characterization of flat-panel-detector-based cone-beam CT for breast imaging (2004)

Conventional film-screen mammography is the most effective tool for the early detection of breast cancer currently available. However, conventional mammography has relatively low sensitivity to detect small breast cancers (under several millimeters) owing to an overlap in the appearances of benign and malignant lesions, and surrounding structure. The limitations accompanying conventional mammography is to be addressed by incorporating a cone beam CT imaging technique with a recently developed flat panel detector. Computer simulation and preliminary studies have been performed to prove the feasibility of developing a flat panel detector-based cone beam CT breast imaging (FPD-CBCTBI) technique. A preliminary system characterization study of flat panel detector-based cone beam CT for breast imaging was performed to confirm the findings in the computer simulation and previous phantom studies using the current prototype cone beam CT scanner. The results indicate that the CBCTBI technique effectively removes structure overlap and significantly improves the detectability of small breast tumors. More importantly, the results also demonstrate CBCTBI offers good image quality with the radiation dose level less than or equal to that of conventional mammography. The results from this study suggest that FPD-CBCTBI is a potentially powerful breast-imaging tool.
Microscopy Using Optical Phase Conjugation In A Hybrid Analog/Digital System (1988)

We describe and illustrate a useful optical/electronic imaging technique that employs real-time holography and the phenomenon of optical phase conjugation. The technique is developed as method for coherent light microscopy in which images are produced which show gradients in optical phase retardation. The technique can also be used to produce images which contain only the moving elements of a phase object. We illustrate both applications of the techniques, the first with phase-gradient micrographs of common biological objects, and the second with images of a microscopic subject in which only elements characterized by intrinsic motions appear.
Heterologous Expression of Lysergic Acid and Novel Ergot Alkaloids in Aspergillus fumigatus (2014)

Different lineages of fungi produce distinct classes of ergot alkaloids. Lysergic acid-derived ergot alkaloids produced by fungi in the Clavicipitaceae are particularly important in agriculture and medicine. The pathway to lysergic acid is partly elucidated, but the gene encoding the enzyme that oxidizes the intermediate agroclavine is unknown. We investigated two candidate agroclavine oxidase genes from the fungus Epichloë festucae var. lolii × Epichloë typhina isolate Lp1 (henceforth referred to as Epichloë sp. Lp1), which produces lysergic acid-derived ergot alkaloids. Candidate genes easH and cloA were expressed in a mutant strain of the mold Aspergillus fumigatus, which typically produces a subclass of ergot alkaloids not derived from agroclavine or lysergic acid. Candidate genes were coexpressed with the Epichloë sp. Lp1 allele of easA, which encodes an enzyme that catalyzed the synthesis of agroclavine from an A. fumigatus intermediate; the agroclavine then served as the substrate for the candidate agroclavine oxidases. Strains expressing easA and cloA from Epichloë sp. Lp1 produced lysergic acid from agroclavine, a process requiring a cumulative six-electron oxidation and a double-bond isomerization. Strains that accumulated excess agroclavine (as a result of Epichloë sp. Lp1 easA expression in the absence of cloA) metabolized it into two novel ergot alkaloids for which provisional structures were proposed on the basis of mass spectra and precursor feeding studies. Our data indicate that CloA catalyzes multiple reactions to produce lysergic acid from agroclavine and that combining genes from different ergot alkaloid pathways provides an effective strategy to engineer important pathway molecules and novel ergot alkaloids.
Tip motion in amplitude modulation (tapping-mode) atomic-force microscopy: Comparison between continuous and point-mass models (2002)

We discuss the influence of high-order frequency components in the operation of an amplitude modulation atomic-force microscope (AFM). A comparative study of point-mass and continuous models is performed to describe the tip motion. The tip–surface interaction force excites high-order frequency components whenever a higher harmonic of the excitation force is close to an eigenmode of the cantilever beam. The strength of those components depends on the set point amplitude and the fundamental resonance frequency of the cantilever. However, for standard operating conditions with quality factors in the 102–103 range, higher-order components are about three orders of magnitude smaller than the component at the excitation frequency. We conclude that point-mass models are suitable to describe the operation of a tapping-mode AFM in air environments.
CRISPR/Cas9 Mutagenesis by Translocation of Cas9 Protein Into Plant Cells via the Agrobacterium Type IV Secretion System (2020)

Clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR)/CRISPR-associated protein 9 (Cas9) is a powerful tool for genome engineering in plants. The RNA-guided Cas9 endonuclease is usually delivered into plant cells as a DNA construct encoding Cas9 and the single guide RNA (sgRNA). However, constitutive expression of nucleases may cause off target mutations. In addition, DNA constructs can integrate into the host genome, causing mutations and complicating regulatory approval. Instead of DNA, here we deliver Cas9 through the <i>Agrobacterium</i> T4SS, accomplished by fusion of the VirF T4SS translocation peptide to Cas9 (NCas9F). Co-cultivation of Agrobacteria expressing NCas9F with yeast (<i>Saccharomyces cerevisiae</i>) harboring a sgRNA targeting <i>CAN1</i> showed that NCas9F was translocated via T4SS and induced targeted mutations in the yeast genome. Infiltration of <i>Nicotiana benthamiana</i> leaves with Agrobacteria expressing NCas9F and sgRNA-<i>PHYTOENE DESATURASE</i> (<i>PDS</i>) resulted in targeted modifications at the <i>PDS</i> locus, albeit at a very low rate. In order to increase the mutation frequency NCas9F protein was co-transported with a T-DNA encoding sgRNA-PDS1. Next generation sequencing confirmed that this resulted in targeted mutations at the <i>PDS</i> locus with a similar distribution but at a 5-fold lower frequency as the mutations obtained with a T-DNA encoding both Cas9 and sgRNA-PDS1. Similarly, infection with <i>Tobacco rattle virus</i> (TRV) encoding sgRNA-PDS2 combined with NCas9F protein translocation resulted in an equally high frequency of <i>PDS</i> mutations in <i>N. benthamiana</i> compared to T-DNA encoded sgRNA-PDS1 combined with NCas9F protein translocation. Our results revealed that translocation of NCas9F protein via the <i>Agrobacterium</i> T4SS can be used for targeted mutagenesis in host cells instead of the permanent and constitutive expression of Cas9 from a T-DNA.
Recovery of Visual Response of Injured Adult Rat Optic Nerves Treated with Transglutaminase (1994)

Failure of axons of the central nervous system in adult mammals to regenerate spontaneously after injury is attributed in part to inhibitory molecules associated with oligodendrocytes. Regeneration of central nervous system axons in fish is correlated with the presence of a transglutaminase. This enzyme dimerizes interleukin-2, and the product is cytotoxic to oligodendrocytes in vitro. Application of this nerve-derived transglutaminase to rat optic nerves, in which the injury had caused the loss of visual evoked potential response to light, promoted the recovery of that response within 6 weeks after injury. Transmission electron microscopy analysis revealed the concomitant appearance of axons in the distal stump of the optic nerve.
Pulse shaping using diffractive optical networks designed by deep learning (2021)

We utilize diffractive optical networks to design small footprint, passive pulse engineering platforms, where an input terahertz pulse is shaped into a desired output waveform as it diffracts through spatially-engineered transmissive surfaces. Using 3D-printed diffractive networks designed by deep learning, various terahertz pulses with different temporal widths are experimentally synthesized by controlling the amplitude and phase of the input pulse over a wide range of frequencies. Pulse width tunability was also demonstrated by changing the layer-to-layer distance of a 3D-printed diffractive network or by physically replacing 1-2 layers of an existing network with newly trained and fabricated diffractive layers.
Enhanced Write Performance of a 64-Mb Phase-Change Random Access Memory (2005)

The write performance of the 1.8-V 64-Mb phase-change random access memory (PRAM) has been improved, which was developed based on 0.12-/spl mu/m CMOS technology. For the improvement of RESET and SET distributions, a cell current regulator scheme and multiple step-down pulse generator were employed, respectively. The read access time and SET write time are 68 ns and 180 ns, respectively.
An ultrawideband image rejecting microwave downconverter using WDM (2003)

A microwave-photonic frequency shifting system capable of 60 dB image rejection over a DC to 18 GHz bandwidth is described. The final IF band can exist within the original RF frequency range with 60 dB isolation. The system allows antenna remoting via optical fiber, and maintains phase coherence through the use of WDM techniques.