gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Design and Analysis of a Supersonic Jet Noise Reduction Concept (2017)

The design and analysis of a simple jet noise reduction concept is discussed. The concept is intended for use on the type of supersonic exhaust nozzles typically employed on tactical aircraft. The concept addresses both broadband shock-associated noise and turbulent mixing noise. Broadband shock-associated noise is addressed through a reduction in the effective exhaust area, which reduces the strength of the shock cell structure in the jet. Turbulent mixing noise is reduced by enhancement of mixing in the jet shear layer, which creates a shorter region of strongly turbulent flow and breaks up the large-scale turbulent structures. This paper describes an active control device that deflects a fraction of the adjustable seals in the divergent section of the engine exhaust nozzle. After takeoff, the deflected seals are returned to their undeflected position. Very favorable jet noise reductions are demonstrated at multiple observer angles for nominal takeoff conditions.
A programmable system for artistic volumetric lighting (2011)

We present a method for generating art-directable volumetric effects, ranging from physically-accurate to non-physical results. Our system mimics the way experienced artists think about volumetric effects by using an intuitive lighting primitive, and decoupling the modeling and shading of this primitive. To accomplish this, we generalize the physically-based photon beams method to allow arbitrarily programmable simulation and shading phases. This provides an intuitive design space for artists to rapidly explore a wide range of physically-based as well as plausible, but exaggerated, volumetric effects. We integrate our approach into a real-world production pipeline and couple our volumetric effects to surface shading.
Analysis and Properties of the Decarboxylation Products of Oleic Acid by Catalytic Triruthenium Dodecacarbonyl (2016)

Recently, ruthenium-catalyzed isomerization–decarboxylation of fatty acids to give alkene mixtures was reported. When the substrate was oleic acid, the reaction yielded a mixture consisting of heptadecene isomers. In this work, we report the compositional analysis of the mixture obtained by triruthenium dodecacarbonyl catalyzed decarboxylation of oleic acid. Surprisingly, the most prominent single compound identified was heptadecane at approximately 18 wt %. A mixture of heptadecene isomers constituted the greatest percentage of the product (>75%), where all positional isomers were confirmed by GC–MS analysis of dimethyl disulfide derivatives of the product. Besides these components, minor amounts of alkyl aromatics, each with a total of 17 carbons atoms, among them undecyl benzene, were observed. Minor amounts of other compounds, such as shorter-chain hydrocarbons and polyunsaturated C17 compounds, were also observed. A reaction pathway to explain the existence of these products is proposed. Heptadecenes first cyclize to the observed alkyl aromatics under liberation of hydrogen with the formed hydrogen, then in turn hydrogenating some heptadecenes to heptadecane. Thus, triruthenium dodecacarbonyl is suggested to also promote dehydrogenation, aromatization, and hydrogenation under the present conditions. Since the product mixture consisted mainly of long-chain hydrocarbons, its properties regarding diesel fuel application were studied and compared to biodiesel and petroleum diesel. The cetane number (86.9) was high, but oxidative stability (3.4 h; EN 15751) and cold flow (cloud point −1 °C) would require improvement to meet fuel specifications. All other fuel properties were within the limits prescribed in the petrodiesel standards.
Oscillation-test strategy for analog and mixed-signal integrated circuits (2002)

A new low-cost test method for analog integrated circuits, called oscillation-test, is presented. During the test mode, the circuit under test (CUT) is converted to a circuit that oscillates. Faults in the CUT which cause a reasonable deviation of the oscillation frequency from its nominal value can be detected. Using this test method, no test vector is required to be applied. Therefore, the test vector generation problem is eliminated and the test time is very small because a limited number of oscillation frequencies is evaluated for each CUT. Due to its digital nature, the oscillation frequency can be easily interfaced to boundary scan. This characteristics imply that oscillation-test strategy is very attractive for wafer-probe testing as well as final production testing. In this paper, the validity of the proposed test method has been verified throughout some examples such as operational amplifiers and analog-to-digital converter (ADC).
Superconductive Microprobes for Eddy Current Evaluation of Materials (1989)

Abstract : Superconductive quantum interference devices (SQUIDS) offer new technology for locating materials flaws electromagnetically that promises to increase sensitivity, depth of magnetic flux enables use of microscopic pickup loops in a gradiometer configuration to give high resolution. A cryogenic umbilical connects pickup loops to a remote cryostat housing SQUID sensors to ease scanning. A pair of drive coils a few millimeters in radius that encircle pickup loops forming a coplanar gradiometer 1 mm or less in radius comprise a superconductive microprobe. It provides a depth of field of several millimeters to a 0.1 mm flaw in an aluminum plate, when operating with a drive current a 1 A oscillating at a frequency of 1kHz. Its field of view ranges to several millimeters, for flaws a few millimeters deep, and its horizontal resolution is 1 mm or so, for flaw depths out to its depth of field. An array of microprobes form receptors much like rods in the retina of a magnetic eye. The eye leads to an electromagnetic microscope for imaging internal flaws in aluminum plates. It gives multiple images that enable resolving depth of a 0.1 mm flaw to a few tenths of a millimeter with a horizontal resolution of one millimeter or so. (kr)
BCL6 Transcriptionally Reprograms the DLBCL Genome by Forming Distinct Biochemically Active Complexes on Genes Corresponding to Different Pathways. (2007)

Abstract Aberrant gene expression is a hallmark of cancer, and so it is not surprising that the most common category of oncogenes and tumor suppressors involved in hematologic malignancies are transcription factors. These factors mediate their effects by nucleating biochemically active cofactor complexes to modify the chromatin structure of their respective target genes. BCL6 is a transcriptional repressor and the most commonly involved oncogene in diffuse large B-cell lymphomas. BCL6 represses genes by recruiting several corepressor complexes including SMRT, N-CoR, BCoR; all of which bind to BCL6 through its BTB domain. Each of these complexes has different biochemical functions (e.g. BCoR forms a polycomb complex vs. SMRT which forms an HDAC3 complex). Moreover, our preliminary data suggested that BCL6 uses different sets of corepressors to mediate distinct biological effects, possibly by using different biochemical mechanisms at specific sets of target genes. Therefore, we hypothesized that BCL6 regulates its target genes using different biochemical tools, allowing it to exquisitely fine tune gene expression and provide specific control mechanisms for different biological functions. In order to test this hypothesis we first identified the direct target genes of BCL6 SMRT, N-CoR and BCoR by ChIP-on-chip in DLBCL cells (Ly1 cells) in multiple replicates, and examined whether the overlapping sets of genes corresponded to different gene pathways. We used a 24,000 promoter microarray representing 1.5 KB of sequence for each gene. The results show reproducible binding of BCL6 at 940 promoters, While BCoR bound to 770, SMRT to 545 and N-CoR to 487 promoters respectively. BCL6 and BCoR overlapped at 400 genes, preferentially involved in involve in cell cycle, cell death chromatin structure, ubiquitin dependent process and chemotaxis. BCL6 and SMRT overlapped on 376 genes, involved in immune response, cell motility and also as BCOR cell death, while N-CoR and BCL6 overlapped on 100 genes including transcriptional control and cell death pathways. The overlap between BCoR and SMRT was at 200 genes, BCoR and N-CoR at 60 genes and SMRT and N-CoR at 85 genes. All three overlapped at 50 genes. We also examined whether these corepressors were associated with specific combinations of histone modifications including H3K9 acetylation, H3K9 methylation, H3K4 methylation, H3K27 methylation, H4K16 acetylation and H3K36 acetylation. Taken together, the data indicate that specific subsets of BCL6 target genes are dependent on distinct biochemical mechanisms, suggesting that additional layers of biochemical complexity govern formation of gene repression complexes in DLBCL cells and providing opportunities for highly specific therapeutic targeting of specific gene programs.
Abstract 1238: A novel Ras inhibitor potently and selectively suppresses lung tumor cell growth by blocking Ras-Raf binding (2016)

Abstract Mutations in ras genes that result in constitutive activation of Ras proteins are key drivers of oncogenesis, but no effective drugs have been developed that target these aberrant gene products. Screening using a phenotypic assay designed to select for Ras inhibitors and iterative chemical synthesis, identified a preclinical drug development candidate with attractive drug-like properties designated as DC070-547. Here we evaluated the sensitivity of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) cell lines to DC070-547. The compound potently suppresses the growth of human A549, H460, HOP62, H1299, H1975 lung tumor cells having high levels of activated Ras with low nanomolar IC50 values. By contrast, normal human airway epithelial cells (NHAECs) and H322 lung tumor cells with low levels of activated Ras displayed IC50 values in the mid micromolar range. The Ras selectivity of DC070-547 was confirmed by ectopic expression of mutant H-Ras-G12V (H-Rasm) in H322 cells using a retroviral construct, in which the IC50 value of DC070-547 for growth inhibition was reduced approximately 2,500 fold compared with vector control cells. To study the mechanism of action, Ras activation status was measured by Ras-Raf pull-down assays using GTP-bound Ras from cell lysates with GST-Raf1-RBD/GSH sepharose and followed by western blotting with Ras antibodies. Direct binding to Ras was apparent by the ability of DC070-547 to inhibit Ras-Raf binding at concentrations that inhibit Ras-dependent tumor cell growth. Pull-down assays also showed a dose-dependent inhibition of Ras-GTP levels in intact H-Rasm-H322 cells treated with DC070-547 at the same concentration range. Western blot analysis of Ras-immunoprecipitated proteins revealed that DC070-547 also attenuated high levels of EGFR phosphorylation at Y1068 in H-Rasm-H322 cells but not in control cells. These results demonstrate novel Ras inhibitory activities of DC070-547 in NSCLC cell lines. DC070-547 and its pipeline analogs are being evaluated for antitumor efficacy in preclinical mouse models of lung cancers. Citation Format: Bing Zhu, Xi Chen, Veronica Ramirez-Alcantara, Kevin Lee, Jacob Valiyaveettil, Joshua Canzoneri, Sara Sigler, Kristy Berry, Ashley Lindsey, Adam Keeton, Michael R. Boyd, Gary A. Piazza. A novel Ras inhibitor potently and selectively suppresses lung tumor cell growth by blocking Ras-Raf binding. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 107th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2016 Apr 16-20; New Orleans, LA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2016;76(14 Suppl):Abstract nr 1238.
Distributed-circuit-element description of guided-wave structures and cavities involving double-negative or single-negative media (2003)

Materials with negative real effective permittivity and permeability (also known as "double-negative (DNG)" media) may exhibit interesting features that lead to unconventional phenomena in guidance of electromagnetic waves. As one such class of problems, in some of our earlier works we studied the guided wave propagation in structures containing a layer of DNG material paired with a slab of conventional (i.e., "double-positive (DPS)") material. In particular, we showed that such a DNG-DPS bilayer has unusual properties as a guided-wave structure. For instance, a parallel-plate waveguide filled with a pair of parallel lossless DNG and DPS layers may support dominant TE and TM modes that can propagate even when the waveguide total thickness is electrically very small. In the present work, we underline the possibility to explain some of the unconventional EM characteristics of such paired DPS-DNG waveguides and cavities using the distributed-circuit-element approach with appropriate choice of elements. The negative nature of the real part of permittivity and/or permeability affects the choice of such distributed circuit elements, and in turn the overall circuit structure exhibits certain natural "resonances" that may not be present when conventional materials are employed in such waveguides or cavities. The "circuit-element" approach can also be applied to "single-negative (SNG)" layers, in which only one of the material parameters, not both, has negative real part. Here, we first present a brief overview of our work on modal analysis in waveguides and cavities with DNG or SNG layers, and we then present our results on their distributed-circuit-element modeling.
Refractory silicides for low resistivity gates and interconnects (1979)

The applicability of various refractory metal silicides as high conductivity metallization will be discussed with special reference to their compatibility with the VLSI processing. In particular, the formation, properties and oxidation characteristics of the silicides of titanium and tantalum will be reviewed. It will be shown that these silicides show a high degree of promise as high conductivity gate metals.
Optimization Techniques for Semi-Supervised Support Vector Machines (2008)

Due to its wide applicability, the problem of semi-supervised classification is attracting increasing attention in machine learning. Semi-Supervised Support Vector Machines (S3VMs) are based on applying the margin maximization principle to both labeled and unlabeled examples. Unlike SVMs, their formulation leads to a non-convex optimization problem. A suite of algorithms have recently been proposed for solving S3VMs. This paper reviews key ideas in this literature. The performance and behavior of various S3VMs algorithms is studied together, under a common experimental setting.
Molecular Determinants of Prostate Cancer Progression Across Race-Ethnicity. Project A - The Human 5RD5A2 Gene and Prostate Cancer Progression. Project B - Androgen Receptor (AR) Signaling in Prostate Cancer Progression. Project C - Cellular and Molecular Markers of Prostate Cancer Progression Core - Epidemiology Core (2002)

Abstract : This Prostate Cancer Center initiation grant has been designed to identify genetic and molecular markers of prostate cancer progression within and between racial ethnic groups (African-Americans, Latinos, Whites, Japanese) at substantially distinct underlying risk of prostate cancer. Our Epidemiology Core has obtained signed tissue releases from prostate cancer patients to date identified during follow-up of the Hawaii/Los Angeles Multiethnic Cohort study. Two hundred thirty-nine tissue samples have been received and processed histopathologically by Project C, which has begun immunohistochemical staining for COX-2, p27, p2l, p16 and Caveolin-l markers with additional markers to follow. Project B, studying the androgen receptor (AR) gene in detail, has identified 54 sequence variants in 90 samples analyzed to date. Two functional assays were developed this year to better assess these sequence variants. In Project A, studying the SRD5A2 gene in detail, in 87 tumors, the 13 mutations detected to date have been reconstructed by site-directed mutagenesis.
Enhancing pigmentation via activation of <scp>A</scp>3 adenosine receptors in <scp>B</scp>16 melanoma cells and in human skin explants (2012)

A3 adenosine receptor, A3AR, belongs to the Gi proteins coupled receptors. Activation of A3AR by its agonist, IB-MECA, decreases cAMP and was expected to reduce melanin level. Unexpectedly, B16 melanoma cells exposed to IB-MECA increased melanin levels in a dose-dependent manner. Human skin explants exposed to IB-MECA showed an increase in DOPA positive cells and in melanin deposition in keratinocytes. The agonist induced AKT phosphorylation, leading to a rapid translocation of the transcription factor MiTF towards the nucleus. DOPA oxidase activity and melanin levels induced by IB-MECA were further enhanced by PD98509, an inhibitor ERK signalling pathway. Our study shows that IB-MECA decreases cAMP while inducing melanogenesis. The proposed mechanism involves activation of PI3K/AKT signalling pathway by β/γ subunits of the G protein coupled to A3AR. The increase in melanin level in human skin explants suggests that IB-MECA may be a potential candidate to the treatment of hypopigmentation of skin.
Pilot Study on the Enhancement of Irreversible Electroporation (IRE) With Carbon Nanotubes (CNT) (2009)

Non-thermal irreversible electroporation (IRE) is a new, minimally invasive technique that has shown great promise for the ablation of tumors [1]. The procedure involves placing electrodes into or around a targeted tissue and delivering a series of low energy (intense but short) electric pulses for approximately one minute. These pulses induce irreversible structural changes in the cell membranes of the targeted tissue that lead to cell death. Because IRE affects only a single molecular component of the treated area, the cell membrane, it is the first true molecular surgery. IRE has the ability to create complete and predictable cell ablation with a sharp transition between normal and necrotic tissue.
A Transparent based Programmable Memory BIST (2006)

ISBN 0-7695-2566-0
<title>Fabrication and testing of metal micromechanisms with rotational and translational motion</title> (1992)

Microactuators ideally produce large output forces per unit chip area. This requires processing procedures which lend themselves to structures with large structural heights. Processing which also produces large edge acuities is required for low friction, low wear sliding bearing surfaces. Both attributes are accommodated in a processing sequence which uses thick photoresist technology, X-ray exposure, and metal plating together with a surface micromachined sacrificial layer. The end results are thick precision metal structures which can be assembled to achieve submicron tolerances in sliding bearing surfaces. The process has been used to fabricate rotational planar magnetic micromotors with low friction. Linear reluctance drives with spring returns have also been achieved and are in the testing phase.
Transient Effects in Atmosphere and Ionosphere Preceding the 2015 M7.8 and M7.3 Gorkha–Nepal Earthquakes (2021)

We analyze retrospectively/prospectively the transient variations of six different physical parameters in the atmosphere/ionosphere during the M7.8 and M7.3 earthquakes in Nepal, namely: 1) outgoing longwave radiation (OLR) at the top of the atmosphere (TOA); 2) GPS/TEC; 3) the very-low-frequency (VLF/LF) signals at the receiving stations in Bishkek (Kyrgyzstan) and Varanasi (India); 4) Radon observations; 5) Atmospheric chemical potential from assimilation models; and; 6) Air Temperature from NOAA ground stations. We found that in mid-March 2015, there was a rapid increase in the radiation from the atmosphere observed by satellites. This anomaly was located close to the future M7.8 epicenter and reached a maximum on April 21–22. The GPS/TEC data analysis indicated an increase and variation in electron density, reaching a maximum value during April 22–24. A strong negative TEC anomaly in the crest of EIA (Equatorial Ionospheric Anomaly) occurred on April 21, and a strong positive anomaly was recorded on April 24, 2015. The behavior of VLF-LF waves along NWC-Bishkek and JJY-Varanasi paths has shown abnormal behavior during April 21–23, several days before the first, stronger earthquake. Our continuous satellite OLR analysis revealed this new strong anomaly on May 3, which was why we anticipated another major event in the area. On May 12, 2015, an M7.3 earthquake occurred. Our results show coherence between the appearance of these pre-earthquake transient’s effects in the atmosphere and ionosphere (with a short time-lag, from hours up to a few days) and the occurrence of the 2015 M7.8 and M7.3 events. The spatial characteristics of the pre-earthquake anomalies were associated with a large area but inside the preparation region estimated by Dobrovolsky-Bowman. The pre-earthquake nature of the signals in the atmosphere and ionosphere was revealed by simultaneous analysis of satellite, GPS/TEC, and VLF/LF and suggest that they follow a general temporal-spatial evolution pattern that has been seen in other large earthquakes worldwide.
Cell-Based Assays Using Photonic Crystal Biosensors (2011)

Photonic crystal (PC) biosensors are used for quantifying cell attachment to surfaces for applications such as pharmaceutical screening and life science research. PC biosensors and imaging detection instruments measure the aggregate behavior of large cell populations, individual cells, variation within cells.
Amplitude Encoded Binary Phase-Only Filters (1988)

The phase-only (POF) and binary phase-only (BPOF) filter have been shown to have high optical efficiency, good target discrimination, and virtually no sidelobes. We present a simple method of encoding phase information in an amplitude mode that has the same advantages of a POF or BPOF so that amplitude modulating SLMs can be used.
Design and Synthesis of a Class of Twin‐Chain Amphiphiles for Self‐Assembled Monolayer‐Based Electrochemical Biosensor Applications (2013)

A new class of twin-chain hydroxyalkylthiols (mercaptoalkanols) featuring a nearly constant cross-section and the potential for modification of one or both termini are available with complete regioselectivity through Pd-mediated couplings of benzene diiododitriflate, including an example of a previously unreported coupling to generate an ortho-substituted arene bis acetic acid. Self-assembled monolayers (SAMs) prepared from the new amphiphiles demonstrate improved stability in an electrochemical sensor system compared with monolayers prepared from analogous single chain thiols.