gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Predicting electricity distribution feeder failures using machine learning susceptibility analysis (2006)

This work has been partly supported by a research contract from Consolidated Edison. A Machine Learning (ML) System known as ROAMS (Ranker for Open-Auto Maintenance Scheduling) was developed to create failure-susceptibility rankings for almost one thousand 13.8kV-27kV energy distribution feeder cables that supply electricity to the boroughs of New
Validation Test Report for the Improved Synthetic Ocean Profile (ISOP) System, Part I: Synthetic Profile Methods and Algorithm (2013)

Abstract : A new method is developed to utilize the relatively abundant satellite observations of sea surface temperature (SST) and sea surface height (SSH) and estimates of mixed layer depth (MLD) to create synthetic profiles of temperature and salinity for assimilation in the Navy's Global Ocean Forecasting System (GOFS). The traditional methods for creating synthetics have limitations particularly with regard to accuracy of the vertical ocean gradients. To address this issue, the Improved Synthetic Ocean Profile (ISOP) system has been developed to more correctly represent the ocean's vertical gradients using a three-layer approach accounting for the ocean's (1) surface mixed layer, (2) vertical gradients below the mixed layer through the thermocline, and (3) relatively quiescent depths. The present document covers the details of the background historical in situ observation database, the three-layer approach, the algorithms for each layer, and the global ISOP stand-alone synthetic validation.
Highly efficient diamond Raman laser (2009)

We report an efficient 532 nm pumped external cavity diamond Raman laser generating output chiefly at the 573 nm first Stokes. At a pulse repetition rate of 5 kHz, the Raman laser generated 1.2 W output with a conversion efficiency of 63.5%, a slope efficiency of 75%, a pulse peak instantaneous conversion efficiency of 85%, and a peak photon conversion efficiency of 91%. The laser generated a maximum output energy of 0.67 mJ by increasing the pump beam size and the pulse energy. The efficiency is commensurate with the highest previously reported for other Raman materials pumped by Q-switched lasers.
ChemInform Abstract: Practical FeCo Films for Perpendicular Writer Pole (2013)

Abstract Review: 43 refs.
INTERPRETIVE REPORT ON UNDERWATER WELDING (1977)

A literature survey was made to review presently available information on underwater welding processes. The fundamentals of underwater welding presented in this report were based on the three-year research program entitled Fundamental Research on Underwater Welding (conducted from July 1971 and June 1974 at M.I.T. for the National Sea Grant Office). In this report, techniques of improved underwater welding processes recently conducted both in this country and abroad are discussed. The complete understanding of underwater welding phenomena is relatively limited to some lumped predictions of bubble dynamics, heat transfer mechanisms and the varying welding conditions. It is well recognized that a thicker molten flux must cover the puddle at all times to reduce the cooling effect during the underwater stick-electrode welding process. A heavier slag forming (waterproofed) flux-coated electrode, along with a higher current setting and slow welding speed, are required for underwater stick-electrode welding. A completely dry gas-filled environment was found necessary for better quality underwater welds. Some observations and explanations of this phenomenon during a microscopic investigation of underwater welds are presented in this report. The rapid quench-induced cracking of underwater welds can be reduced by several means. There are currently two approaches to the improvements of quality in underwater welds. One such approach is the development of an improved (coated) electrode which meets the requirements for welding underwater in wet conditions. The other, is the elimination of the wet conditions around the arc zone via direct shielding. Finally, three potential methods to achieve direct shielding are presented in the last section of the report.
Planning for Image-Guided Radiosurgery (1994)

The pre and postoperative symptoms and outcome after surgery in patients with symptomatic gall stone disease were evaluated by a detailed self administered postal questionnaire. The survey was conducted in two groups: 80 patients treated by laparoscopic cholecystectomy and an age matched cohort of patients who had conventional open cholecystectomy. The overall response rate on which the data were calculated was 76%. Symptomatic benefit ratios accruing from the surgical removal of the gall bladder were calculated. The symptoms that were relieved by cholecystectomy were nausea (0.98), vomiting (0.91), colicky abdominal pain (0.81), and backpain (0.76). Flatulence, fat intolerance, and nagging abdominal pain were unaffected as shown by a benefit ratio of 0.5 or less. Relief of heartburn (39/49) outweighed the de novo development of this symptom after cholecystectomy (7/49), resulting in a benefit ratio of 0.65. Postcholecystectomy diarrhoea occurred in 21/118 patients (18%): 10 after open cholecystectomy and 11 after laparoscopic cholecystectomy. The type of surgical access did not influence the symptomatic outcome but had a significant bearing on the time to return to work or full activity after surgery (laparoscopic cholecystectomy two weeks, open cholecystectomy eight weeks, p = 0.00001). In the elderly age group (> 60 years), significantly more patients (29/30) regained full activity after laparoscopic cholecystectomy when compared with the open cholecystectomy group (16/22), p = 0.001. The patient appreciation of a satisfactory cosmetic result was 72% in the open group compared with 100% of patients who were treated by laparoscopic cholecystectomy (p = 0.0017). Despite the persistence or de novo occurrence of symptoms, 111/117 patients (95%) considered that they had obtained overall symptomatic improvement by their surgical treatment and 110/118 (93%) were pleased with the end result regardless of the access used.
Pixie dust (2014)

We propose a novel graphics system based on the expansion of 3D acoustic-manipulation technology. In conventional research on acoustic levitation, small objects are trapped in the acoustic beams of standing waves. We expand this method by changing the distribution of the acoustic-potential field (APF). Using this technique, we can generate the graphics using levitated small objects. Our approach makes available many expressions, such as the expression by materials and non-digital appearance. These kinds of expressions are used in many applications, and we aim to combine them with digital controllability. In the current system, multiple particles are levitated together at 4.25-mm intervals. The spatial resolution of the position is 0.5 mm. Particles move at up to 72 cm/s. The allowable density of the material can be up to 7 g/cm 3 . For this study, we use three options of APF: 2D grid, high-speed movement, and combination with motion capture. These are used to realize floating screen or mid-air raster graphics, mid-air vector graphics, and interaction with levitated objects. This paper reports the details of the acoustic-potential field generator on the design, control, performance evaluation, and exploration of the application space. To discuss the various noncontact manipulation technologies in a unified manner, we introduce a concept called "computational potential field" (CPF).
Design and testing of wind deflectors for roof-mounted solar panels (2012)

The amount of solar energy that can be produced in the US and throughout the world has seen an unprecedented potential to fulfill growing energy demand. Solar panels can be installed on the ground or on the roof of a building. Roof mounted solar panels could experience occasional high wind loads especially lift and drag forces. Solar panels are bolted directly onto the roof and are secured using ballasts as counter weights against the wind loads. We propose the use of efficient wind deflectors designed and strategically placed in front of the panels as reported here. The deflectors under study were proven to minimize the wind loads on solar panels, ensuring the safety of civilians and surrounding property.
Supercritical gas extraction of oil shale (1983)

The use of supercritical gas extraction for the refining of oil shales is studied. The experiments are carried out in a 300 cc reactor with toluene as the solvent. The temperature is allowed to range from 330 to 450/sup 0/C, and the pressure from 6.9 to 22.4 mPa. The extraction efficiency as a function of temperature is determined. Solubility parameters are used to predict this temperature dependence.
RESCU (2000)

The current Internet is not reliable; packet loss rates are frequently high, and varying over time. Transmitting high-quality interactive video over the Internet is challenging because the quality of compressed video is very susceptible to packet losses. Loss of packets belonging to a video frame manifests itself not only in the reduced quality of that frame but also in the propagation of that distortion to successive frames. This error propagation problem is inherent in many motion-based video codecs due to the interdependence of encoded video frames. This paper presents a dynamic loss recovery scheme, called RESCU, to address the error propagation problem. In this new scheme, picture coding patterns are dynamically adapted to current network conditions in order to maximize the effectiveness of hybrid transport level recovery (employing both forward error correction and retransmission) in reducing error propagation. Since RESCU does not introduce any playout delay at the receiver, it is suitable for interactive video communication. An experimental study based on actual Internet transmission traces representing various network conditions shows that dynamic hybrid RESCU exhibits better error resilience and incurs much less bit overhead than existing error recovery techniques such as NEWPRED and Intra-H.261.
Tuning and Enhancing White Light Emission of II–VI Based Inorganic–Organic Hybrid Semiconductors as Single-Phased Phosphors (2012)

Single-phased white light emitters made of semiconductor bulk materials are most desirable for use in white light-emitting diodes (WLEDs) based on both photoluminescence and electroluminescence. Here we demonstrate Cd and/or Se substituted double-layer [Zn2S2(ha)] (ha = n-hexylamine) hybrid semiconductors emit bright white light in the bulk form and their emission properties are systematically tunable. The ternary Zn2–2xCd2xS2(ha) hybrid compounds exhibit two photoluminescence (PL) emission peaks, one of which being attributed to band gap emission, and the other resulting from Cd doping and surface sites. The Cd concentration modulates the optical absorption edge (band gap) and the positions of the two emission bands along with their relative intensities. The ZnS-based hybrid structures (with a nominal Cd mole fraction x = 0.25) emit bright white light with significantly enhanced photoluminescence quantum yield (PLQY) compared to its CdS-based hybrid analogues. For the quaternary Zn2–2xCd2xS2–2ySe2y(ha) compounds (x = 0.25 and different nominal Se mole fractions y) the synergetic effect between doped Cd and Se atoms leads to further tunability in the band gap and emission spectra, yielding well balanced white light of high quantum yield. Detailed analysis reveals that the PL emission properties of the ternary and quaternary hybrid semiconductors originate from their unique double-layered nanostructures that combine the strong quantum confinement effect and large number of surface sites. The white-light emitting hybrid semiconductors represent a new type of single-phased phosphors with great promise for use in WLEDs.
Fabrication, Assembly, and Testing of Cu- and Al-Based Microchannel Heat Exchangers (2008)

Metal-based microchannel heat exchangers (MHEs) are of current interest due to the combination of high heat transfer performance and improved mechanical integrity. Efficient methods for fabrication and assembly of functional metal-based MHEs are essential to ensure the economic viability of such devices. In this paper, the results on fabrication, assembly, and heat transfer testing of Cu- and Al-based MHE prototypes are reported. Efficient fabrication of Cu- and Al-based high-aspect-ratio microscale structures (HARMSs) has been achieved through molding replication using surface-engineered metallic mold inserts. Replicated metallic HARMSs were assembled through eutectic bonding to form entirely Cu- and Al-based MHE prototypes, on which heat transfer tests were conducted to determine the average rate of heat transfer from electrically heated Cu blocks placed outside the MHEs to water flowing within the molding replicated microchannel arrays. Experimentally observed heat transfer rates are higher as compared to those from previous studies on microchannel devices with similar geometries. The potential influence of microchannel surface profile on heat transfer rates is discussed. The present results illustrate the potential of metal-based MHEs in wide-ranging applications.
Further Characterization of the Human Inducer T Cell Subset Defined by Monoclonal Antibody (1979)

Evidence is presented that the OKTA+ T cell subset in man, defined by a monoclonal hybridoma antibody, provides help for B lymphocyte differentiation in a PWM driven system. Both B cell proliferation and intracytoplasmic immunoglobulin synthesis are facilitated by OKT4+ and not by OKT4- T cells. Given earlier studies demonstrating that OKT4+ T cells were necessary for generation of T cytotoxic cells and the present study that OKT+ T cells are necessary for the differentiation of B cells, it would appear that the OKT+ population is the major human T helper (inducer) subset.
Supercritical-Assisted Atomization To Produce Micro- and/or Nanoparticles of Controlled Size and Distribution (2002)

A supercritical-assisted atomization (SAA) technique is proposed to produce micro- and nanoparticles of controlled size and distribution. It is based on the solubilization of controlled quantities of supercritical CO2 in liquid solutions containing a solid solute and on the subsequent atomization of the ternary solution through a nozzle. This technique has been successfully tested using some different kinds of compounds: superconductor and catalyst precursors, ceramics, and pharmaceutical compounds, using some different liquid solvents such as water, methanol, and acetone. As examples of this technique, nanometric and micrometric powders of zinc acetate, aluminum sulfate, zirconyl nitrate hydrate, sodium chloride, dexamethasone, carbamazepine, ampicillin, and triclabenzadol are proposed. A systematic analysis of the influence of the concentration of the liquid solution, kind of liquid solvent, and nozzle diameter on the particle size and distribution of SAA-produced powders is also proposed in the case of yttrium acetate micronization.
Facile Ionothermal Synthesis of Microporous and Mesoporous Carbons from Task Specific Ionic Liquids (2009)

An expedient, template-free, high-yield, and solventless route to nitrogen-rich micro- and mesoporous carbons is reported based on direct, atmospheric-pressure carbonization of task-specific ionic liquids bearing one or more nitrile side chains. The resulting textural properties (pore regime, surface area) are highly dependent upon the structural motifs of the ions comprising the corresponding parent ionic liquid, and uniform carbon films are routinely deposited with this novel methodology, highlighting excited new opportunities in the development of advanced functional carbon composites.
Application of Q-measure Techniques to Adaptive Nonlinear Digital Filtering (2006)

A highly adaptive nonlinear digital filtering technique called the Q-Filter is described. The Q-Filter is defined as a Choquet integral with respect to a Q-Measure over a finite window of observations. In addition to robustness, the advantage of the Q-Filter is that it can behave as a combination of different filters, so that a single Q-Filter can be used instead of applying an expensive sequence of conventional filtering operations. In this paper we present the Q-Filter in application to a real-valued signal processing task, with a regression algorithm, so that the parameters of the filter can be tuned automatically. This algorithm also resolves the signal scaling and shifting issues associated with the direct filtering operation. The Q-Filter model is tested on acoustic heartbeat sound data. The experiments show that the proposed model can be used to map input signals to their corresponding target signals through learning.
Design of a positive resist for projection lithography in the mid‐UV (1983)

Abstract The design, synthesis, formulation, and process optimization of a new mid‐UV resist are described. The synthesis of a spectrally matched sensitizer was guided by semiempirical quantum mechanical calculations that predict the effect of structural changes on optical absorption characteristics. The formulation was guided by computer profile simulation studies and the process development by a response surface analytical procedure. These techniques allowed formulation optimization to be achieved on the basis of an understanding of the complex interactions between the resist dissolution response functions and the modulation transfer function of the exposure tool for which the resist was designed.
Construction of CdS quantum dots via a regioselective dendritic functionalized cellulose template (2006)

Using regioselective dendritic functionalized cellulose, CdS quantum dot nanoparticles were prepared and their photo-optical properties and morphology as well as the preliminary biocompatibility of the hybrid were investigated.
Assembly of Sub-10-nm Block Copolymer Patterns with Mixed Morphology and Period Using Electron Irradiation and Solvent Annealing (2011)

Block copolymer self-assembly generates patterns with periodicity in the ∼10-100 nm range and is increasingly recognized as a route to lithographic patterning beyond the resolution of photolithography. Block copolymers naturally produce periodic patterns with a morphology and length-scale determined by the molecular architecture, and considerable research has been carried out to extend the range of patterns that can be produced from a given block copolymer, but the ability to control the period of the pattern over a wide range and to achieve complex structures with mixed morphologies from a given block copolymer is limited. Here we show how patterns consisting of coexisting sub-10-nm spheres and cylinders and sphere patterns with a range of periods can be created using a combination of serial solvent anneal processes and electron-beam irradiation of selected areas of a film of poly(styrene-block-dimethylsiloxane). These techniques extend the capabilities of block copolymer lithography, enabling complex aperiodic nanoscale patterns to be formed from a single block copolymer thin film.
Identification of novel and candidate miRNAs in rice by high throughput sequencing (2008)

Deep sequencing proved to be an effective strategy that allowed the discovery of 23 low-abundance new miRNAs and 40 candidate miRNAs in rice.
Quantitative Modeling of Vacuum-Enhanced Human Heat Transfer (2009)

The ability to easily manipulate body temperature would impact a number of fields. While perfusion with externally cooled or warmed blood is effective due to the thermoregulatory power of the circulatory system and its diffuse microcirculation, this process is particularly invasive. Noninvasive techniques to date mostly utilize body surface applications that rely on relatively inferior conduction heat transfer.
Discovery and characterization of a neutralizing pan-ELR+CXC chemokine monoclonal antibody (2020)

CXCR1 and CXCR2 signaling play a critical role in neutrophil migration, angiogenesis, and tumorigenesis and are therefore an attractive signaling axis to target in a variety of indications. In human, a total of seven chemokines signal through these receptors and comprise the ELR<sup>+</sup>CXC chemokine family, so named because of the conserved ELRCXC N-terminal motif. To fully antagonize CXCR1 and CXCR2 signaling, an effective therapeutic should block either both receptors or all seven ligands, yet neither approach has been fully realized clinically. In this work, we describe the generation and characterization of LY3041658, a humanized monoclonal antibody that binds and neutralizes all seven human and cynomolgus monkey ELR<sup>+</sup>CXC chemokines and three of five mouse and rat ELR<sup>+</sup>CXC chemokines with high affinity. LY3041658 is able to block ELR<sup>+</sup>CXC chemokine-induced Ca<sup>2+</sup> mobilization, CXCR2 internalization, and chemotaxis <i>in vitro</i> as well as neutrophil mobilization <i>in vivo</i> without affecting other neutrophil functions. In addition to the <i>in vitro</i> and <i>in vivo</i> activity, we characterized the epitope and structural basis for binding in detail through alanine scanning, crystallography, and mutagenesis. Together, these data provide a robust preclinical characterization of LY3041658 for which the efficacy and safety is being evaluated in human clinical trials for neutrophilic skin diseases.
On-demand high-capacity ride-sharing via dynamic trip-vehicle assignment (2017)

Ride-sharing services are transforming urban mobility by providing timely and convenient transportation to anybody, anywhere, and anytime. These services present enormous potential for positive societal impacts with respect to pollution, energy consumption, congestion, etc. Current mathematical models, however, do not fully address the potential of ride-sharing. Recently, a large-scale study highlighted some of the benefits of car pooling but was limited to static routes with two riders per vehicle (optimally) or three (with heuristics). We present a more general mathematical model for real-time high-capacity ride-sharing that (i) scales to large numbers of passengers and trips and (ii) dynamically generates optimal routes with respect to online demand and vehicle locations. The algorithm starts from a greedy assignment and improves it through a constrained optimization, quickly returning solutions of good quality and converging to the optimal assignment over time. We quantify experimentally the tradeoff between fleet size, capacity, waiting time, travel delay, and operational costs for low- to medium-capacity vehicles, such as taxis and van shuttles. The algorithm is validated with ∼3 million rides extracted from the New York City taxicab public dataset. Our experimental study considers ride-sharing with rider capacity of up to 10 simultaneous passengers per vehicle. The algorithm applies to fleets of autonomous vehicles and also incorporates rebalancing of idling vehicles to areas of high demand. This framework is general and can be used for many real-time multivehicle, multitask assignment problems.