gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Improved sense-amplifier-based flip-flop: design and measurements (2000)

Design and experimental evaluation of a new sense-amplifier-based flip-flop (SAFF) is presented. It was found that the main speed bottleneck of existing SAFF's is the cross-coupled set-reset (SR) latch in the output stage. The new flip-flop uses a new output stage latch topology that significantly reduces delay and improves driving capability. The performance of this flip-flop is verified by measurements on a test chip implemented in 0.18 /spl mu/m effective channel length CMOS. Demonstrated speed places it among the fastest flip-flops used in the state-of-the-art processors. Measurement techniques employed in this work as well as the measurement set-up are discussed in this paper.
Improved voice activity detection using static harmonic features (2010)

Accurate voice activity detection (VAD) is important for robust automatic speech recognition (ASR) systems. We have proposed a statistical-model-based VAD using the long-term temporal information in speech, which shows good robustness against noise in an automobile environment. For further improvement, this paper describes a new method to exploit harmonic structure information with statistical models. In our approach, local peaks considered to be harmonic structures are extracted, without explicit pitch detection and voiced-unvoiced classification. The proposed method including both long-term temporal and static harmonic features led to considerable improvements under low SNR conditions in our VAD testing. In addition, the word error rate was reduced by 29.1% in a test that included a full ASR system.
Song-Level Features and Support Vector Machines for Music Classification (2005)

Searching and organizing growing digital music collections requires automatic classification of music. This paper describes a new system, tested on the task of artist identification, that uses support vector machines to classify songs based on features calculated over their entire lengths. Since support vector machines are exemplar-based classifiers, training on and classifying entire songs instead of short-time features makes intuitive sense. On a dataset of 1200 pop songs performed by 18 artists, we show that this classifier outperforms similar classifiers that use only SVMs or song-level features. We also show that the KL divergence between single Gaussians and Mahalanobis distance between MFCC statistics vectors perform comparably when classifiers are trained and tested on separate albums, but KL divergence outperforms Mahalanobis distance when trained and tested on songs from the same albums.
Uplink performance enhancement in cellular networks via a Generalized Network Interference Cancellation scheme (2012)

It is widely believed that cooperation among base stations can be employed to enhance the interference mitigation capability of base station receivers in cellular networks. Among the base station cooperation schemes that have been proposed to address the uplink interference problem, two promising ones are 1) Joint Multi-Cell MMSE Processing also referred to as Network MIMO; and 2) Multi-Cell Successive Interference Cancellation (MC-SIC). While both of these methods can substantially improve the performance of cellular networks, they have complementary strengths and limitations when implemented in a practical setting. In this paper, we propose a hybrid scheme called Generalized Network Interference Cancellation Engine, which combines the strengths of these two approaches while working within the constraints imposed by practical implementations. This view is borne out by the performance results presented in this paper.
Method of removing contaminant from a hydrocarbonaceous fluid. [bed containing Fe, Co, and Ni oxides or sulfides] (1977)

Method is proposed for removing a contaminant, such as arsenic or selenium, from a synthetic hydrocarbonaceous fluid comprising providing a guard bed having a plurality of sections, a first section having from about 10 to about 75 percent of its volume occupied by a contaminant-removing material comprising, alone or on a carrier, either iron, cobalt, nickel, oxides or sulfides of these metals, or combinations thereof; the remainder being inert material. A second section of the guard bed has a major portion of its volume occupied by the contaminant-removing material. The feed oil, in the presence of hydrogen is contacted with the particles in the respective sections of the guard bed.
Image quality improvement in focused ion beam photomask repair system (2008)

Focused ion beam (FIB) technology has widely been adopted as a defect repair tool on photomasks for semiconductor manufacturing. In the FIB mask repair process, scanning ion image (FIB image) is used for the defect area recognition. Quality of the FIB images is one of the most important factors in order to improve the repair accuracy. Precise imaging of the small features on the photomasks, however, is a challenging subject due to the surface charge buildup induced by FIB scanning, even though simultaneous electron beam irradiation is used for the charge compensation. The authors have developed new method of the FIB scanning for better image quality. This method utilizes software accumulation of multiple images with different scan directions and results in higher peak-to-background ratio and higher contrast images with isolated mask patterns on the quartz substrate, compared to the images acquired from conventional single scanning. The images also show better uniformity and symmetry of the secondary electron intensity.
A Study of Durability in Temperature Cycles and Water Resistance of Sulfur Concretes and Mortars (1977)

Abstract The durability of sulfur concretes and mortars in expected-use environments is considered. The effects of temperature cycling and immersion in water are considered separately, and the effects of temperature, specimen size, and mold material on the strength of these materials are also discussed. The problem of biological attack is not considered. Immersion in water of specimens containing swelling clays can cause disintegration of sulfur concretes and mortars in a short time. Attempts to solve the problem caused by the presence of swelling clay are described. Partial success was obtained. The results of independent tests on the effects of water and temperature cycling should be considered before the result of freezethaw tests on sulfur concretes and mortars are interpreted. Erratum to this paper appear in 6(2).
Identifying process window marginalities of reticle designs for 0.15/0.13-μm technologies (2003)

The complexity of Resolution Enhancements Techniques (RET) will increase dramatically in the next four generations of optical lithography, requiring careful qualification of new reticle designs when they arrive at the wafer fab and before commiting them to printing product. Low k<sub>1</sub> and high MEF lithography increase the printability and frequency of yield impacting repeating defects from reticle defects and RET layout errors. Therefore, reticle qualification must include qualifying the reticles for mask processing errors as well as for RET design rule violations. The former is performed on a reticle inspection tool and the latter on a wafer inspection tool after printing wafers with a specific layout using the reticles of interest. The output from the wafer inspection tool followed by detailed analysis provides information on the regions of marginality within the reticle field or features within the die which have smaller process window than expected. We call this the Process Window Qualification Output, <i>PWQ Output</i> and it can be applied to single and multi-die reticle designs. Once these locations are identified by PWQ and the features are determined to be critical to the functionality of the device, further process window analysis on the CD SEM is performed to identify if sufficient process window overlap exists between these features and all other critical features in the device. If the process window overlap of the marginal features with other critical features is acceptable, the reticle can be used to print product. These marginal regions are then carefully monitored on product by CD Metrology. If insufficient overlap in the process windows is found, the <i>PWQ Output</i> features are overlayed with the CAD design and a design fix might be required, followed by the manufacturing of a new reticle. In this paper we describe how we used the PWQ methodology to identify RET design errors for three different reticle designs; in the first example, the marginal feature is an OPC sizing error causing the below design rule spacing in a 0.13μm Gate reticle design to bridge within the process window and the second example is that of a marginal feature associated with improper biasing and a phase error for an Attenuated PSM reticle. The final example shows how PWQ was used to verify the printing of an assist feature within the process window for a Gate 0.13μm reticle.
Protective immunity against enteric septicaemia in channel catfish, <i>Ictalurus punctatus </i>(Rafinesque), following controlled exposure to <i>Edwardsiella ictaluri</i> (1997)

Protective immunity against enteric septicaemia of catfish (ESC) following immunization with Edwardsiella ictaluri bacterins and exposure to live E . ictaluri was investigated. Mean cumulative percentage survival was significantly higher ( P 0.05) in controlled live vaccinates (100%) than in immersion and oral bacterin vaccinates (68.3% and 50.0%, respectively). Bactericidal activity against E . ictaluri by peritoneal macrophages from controlled live vaccinates (85.9%) was significantly greater ( P 0.05) than bactericidal activity of macrophages from immersion bacterin vaccinates (71.4%) or non‐vaccinates (68.1%). No significant ( P > 0.05) difference was found in the bactericidal activity of macrophages from oral bacterin vaccinates and macrophages from controlled live vaccinates. The E . ictaluri ‐specific antibody response of controlled live (0.08 OD) and immersion bacterin vaccinates (0.11 OD) was significantly higher ( P 0.05) than that of oral bacterin vaccinates and non‐vaccinates (0.01 OD) 15 days post‐vaccination. A significantly higher antibody response was seen in controlled live vaccinates (0.17 OD), when compared to other vaccinates or non‐vaccinates 33 days after vaccination. Neither immersion nor oral bacterins protected the vaccinates against ESC. Controlled live E . ictaluri immunization of channel catfish resulted in production of specific antibodies, increased macrophage bactericidal activity and protection against ESC.
A multi-level convolutional LSTM model for the segmentation of left ventricle myocardium in infarcted porcine cine MR images (2018)

Automatic segmentation of left ventricle (LV) myocardium in cardiac short-axis cine MR images acquired on subjects with myocardial infarction is a challenging task, mainly because of the various types of image inhomogeneity caused by the infarctions. Among the approaches proposed to automate the LV myocardium segmentation task, methods based upon deep convolutional neural networks (CNN) have demonstrated their exceptional accuracy and robustness in recent years. However, most of the CNN-based approaches treat the frames in a cardiac cycle independently, which fails to capture the valuable dynamics of heart motion. Herein, an approach based on recurrent neural network (RNN), specifically a multi-level convolutional long short-term memory (ConvLSTM) model, is proposed to take the motion of the heart into consideration. Based on a ResNet-56 CNN, LV-related image features in consecutive frames of a cardiac cycle are extracted at both the low- and highresolution levels, which are processed by the corresponding multi-level ConvLSTM models to generate the myocardium segmentations. A leave-one-out experiment was carried out on a set of 3,600 cardiac cine MR slices collected in-house for 8 porcine subjects with surgically induced myocardial infarction. Compared with a solely CNN-based approach, the proposed approach demonstrated its superior robustness against image inhomogeneity by incorporating information from adjacent frames. It also outperformed a one-level ConvLSTM approach thanks to its capabilities to take advantage of image features at multiple resolution levels.
Microwave Frequency Comb from a Semiconductor in a Scanning Tunneling Microscope (2016)

Quasi-periodic excitation of the tunneling junction in a scanning tunneling microscope, by a mode-locked ultrafast laser, superimposes a regular sequence of 15 fs pulses on the DC tunneling current. In the frequency domain, this is a frequency comb with harmonics at integer multiples of the laser pulse repetition frequency. With a gold sample the 200th harmonic at 14.85 GHz has a signal-to-noise ratio of 25 dB, and the power at each harmonic varies inversely with the square of the frequency. Now we report the first measurements with a semiconductor where the laser photon energy must be less than the bandgap energy of the semiconductor; the microwave frequency comb must be measured within 200 μm of the tunneling junction; and the microwave power is 25 dB below that with a metal sample and falls off more rapidly at the higher harmonics. Our results suggest that the measured attenuation of the microwave harmonics is sensitive to the semiconductor spreading resistance within 1 nm of the tunneling junction. This approach may enable sub-nanometer carrier profiling of semiconductors without requiring the diamond nanoprobes in scanning spreading resistance microscopy.
Magneto-optical recording on amorphous rare earth-transition metal thin films with an artificially layered structure (1987)

Amorphous rare earth (Cd, Tb and Dy)-transition metal (Fe, Co and FeCo alloy) thin films with an artificially layered structure have been investigated. The films were deposited in an alternating multi-layer structure by the multi-source DC-sputtering method. Films with a repeat unit composed of a monatomic layer of RE and a few atomic layers of TM show excellent magnetic properties when considered as magnetooptical recording media, such as a large magnetization and perpendicular magnetic anisotropy. RE-FeCo and RE-CoFe films used in magnetooptical recording showed carrier-to-noise ratios higher than 52 db, and Dy-FeCo films showed a high carrier-to-noise ratio over a wide frequency range that extended from 57 dB at 1 MHz to 38 db at 10 MHz.
Soft Biodegradable Elastomers Based on Poly (Octanediol-Tartarate) for Drug Delivery and Tissue Engineering: Synthesis, Characterization and Biocompatibility Studies (2011)

The synthesis, characterization and cytocompatibility of amorphous poly (octanediol-tartarate) thermoset biodegradable elastomeric polyesters are reported. The synthesis was achieved by preparing an aliphatic saturated polyester prepolymer via polycondensation reaction of L-tartaric acid with 1,8 Octanediol which was then thermally crosslinked with different ratios of the crosslinking agent, 2,2-bis(-caprolactone-yl)-propane to form an elastomer. The prepared prepolymers were characterized by means of FT-IR, 1H-NMR, GPC, and DSC. The thermal properties, mechanical characteristics, the sol content, in vitro degradation of the prepared elastomers and their cytocompatibility were also reported. The mechanical and degradation properties of this new elastomer can be controlled by manipulating the elastomer crosslinking density upon varying the ratio of prepolymers to the crosslinking agent. The controllable mechanical properties, homogenous degradability of the prepared elastomers, and their biocompatibility make them good candidates for use in controlled delivery of drugs and in other biomedical and tissue engineering applications. Copyright © Taylor & Francis Group, LLC.
Challenges of Raman amplification (2006)

After reviewing the state-of-the-arts technologies of fiber Raman amplification, this talk will address ongoing practical issues on handling high power. It will also discuss the advantages of Raman amplification in the future dynamic WDM networks.
Interface for Improving a Subject's Sensory, Reflex and/or Motor Mechanisms via Auditory or Tactile Noise (2012)

In this paper we describe significant advances in the field of perception. We discuss several aspects of our own patent which is a system conceived to enhance human perception. With this objective we introduce the structure of the system patented, and we summarize some of the tests that use auditory and tactile noise. The results show that there is a complex interaction in human sensory integration and the perception can be modulated as a function of the noise level. Finally, we discuss some new challenging fields of application for this kind of invention that will stimulate the development of new research and future technological devices. Keywords: Crossmodal, human perception, multisensory integration, neuronal activity, psychophysics, stochastic resonance
Live attenuated rubella vectors express HIV Env and SIV Gag antigens in the context of an acute infection and elicit high antibody titers, memory B cells, and Gag specific CD8+ T cells (VIR5P.1033) (2014)

Abstract Live attenuated viral strains are among our most potent vaccines. We have used the live attenuated rubella vaccine strain RA27/3 as a vector to express HIV MPER and SIV Gag antigens. These vectors combine the potency, durability and safety of rubella vaccine with the antigenicity of the inserts. We have recently completed the first successful trial of live rubella vectors in rhesus macaques. Rubella vectors grew robustly in macaques, and the vaccine inserts were strongly immunogenic. Simultaneous immunization with two vectors elicited antibodies to both inserts. Anti-Gag antibodies after immunization reached titers equal to natural SIV infection. Antibodies persisted for at least one year and declined at the same rate as anti-rubella antibodies, which protect for life. Re-exposure to the vector boosted the immune response, indicating the induction of memory B cells. Priming with DNA vaccine and boosting with the vector produced high levels of Gag specific CD8+ T cells. The vector can stably express larger inserts, up to 320 amino acids for SIV Gag proteins, including part of MA and all of CA and P2 proteins. They also express engineered HIV Env outer domains up to 180 amino acids that include the CD4 binding site and bind monoclonal VRC01. Rhesus macaques will provide the ideal animal model for evaluating novel vaccine inserts for immunogenicity, induction of neutralizing antibodies, and protection against SIV or SHIV challenge.
A Simple, Convenient, and Efficient Method for the Synthesis of Isocyanates from Urethanes (1995)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTA Simple, Convenient, and Efficient Method for the Synthesis of Isocyanates from UrethanesV. L. K. Valli and H. AlperCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1995, 60, 1, 257–258Publication Date (Print):January 1, 1995Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 January 1995https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo00106a044https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00106a044research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views1793Altmetric-Citations63LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Improvement of Oxy-FBC Using Oxygen Carriers: Concept and Combustion Performance (2017)

Fluidized bed combustors generally exhibit good mixing characteristics, but there can be localized regions where there is insufficient oxygen to fully combust the fuel. Through incorporation of an oxygen carrier into a high pressure, pulverized fuel based oxy-fluidized bed combustor it should be possible to reduce or eliminate regions with insufficient oxygen present to complete combustion. In this paper we investigate the use of a Canadian ilmenite ore based oxygen carrier to enhance combustion performance and sulfur capture for atmospheric and pressurized oxy-FBC systems. The paper includes a description of potential pressurized system configurations with a discussion of related benefits and potential challenges. CanmetENERGY’s 50 kWth pilot scale atmospheric pressure oxy-fluidized bed combustor (oxy-FBC) was used to demonstrate the concept of oxygen carrier assisted combustion using two Canadian coals with under bed fuel and sorbent injection. The CO emissions were significantly reduced by replacing the inert bed material with the oxygen carrier (ilmenite ore); with CO concentrations in the flue gas reduced up to 30 vol % and 13 vol % when burning Highvale coal and Poplar River coal, respectively. The improvement in combustion was even more pronounced in the bed region, in particular, under conditions of low excess oxygen and/or low bed temperature. Analysis of solid samples (XRD) and flue gas condensates (acidity) has provided further evidence of the oxygen carrier improving combustion performance and reducing the risk of bed agglomeration.
Single‐incision percutaneous pericardial ICD lead placement in a piglet model (2017)

Percutaneous pericardial placement of an ICD lead using our novel access tool can be safely performed through a 1 cm incision without complications.
Alasan, a new bioemulsifier from Acinetobacter radioresistens (1995)

Acinetobacter radioresistens KA53, isolated by enrichment culture, was found to produce an extracellular, nondialyzable emulsifying agent (referred to as alasan) when grown on ethanol medium in a batch-fed reactor. The crude emulsifier was concentrated from the cell-free culture fluid by ammonium sulfate precipitation to yield 2.2 g of emulsifier per liter. Alasan stabilized a variety of oil-in-water emulsions, including n-alkanes with chain lengths of 10 or higher, alkyl aromatics, liquid paraffin, soybean and coconut oils, and crude oil. Alasan was 2.5 to 3.0 times more active after being heated at 100 degrees C under neutral or alkaline conditions. Emulsifying activity was observed over the entire pH range studied (pH 3.3 to 9.2), with a clear maximum at pH 5.0. Magnesium ions stimulated the activity both below (pH 3.3 to 4.5) and above (pH 5.5 to 9.3) the pH optimum. Alasan activity was higher in 20 mM citrate than in 20 mM acetate or Tris-HCl buffer. Preliminary chemical characterization of alasan indicated that it is a complex of an anionic, high-molecular-weight, alanine-containing heteropolysaccharide and protein.