gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Ergonomic Designs Based on Musculoskeletal Models (2011)

A framework to adjust sitting postures based on musculoskeletal models is presented in this paper. After the analysis of muscles and strength, some "comfortable" postures are specified as candidate postures. An optimization algorithm is then applied to choose from these candidates, according to current conditions of muscles and the durations one needs, and form a sequence of ordered postures for the sitters. The sitters shift the postures dynamically before they feel uncomfortable, therefore they can maintain a seated posture for extended durations. The ergonomists can also benefit from the information of intermittent postures and use it as a guideline for a new chair/desk design.
Intelligent Ocean Convergence Platform Based on IoT Empowered with Edge Computing (2020)

The ocean is currently crowded with vessels, including but not limited to commercial ships and submarines used for military operations or scientific investigations. Each of these vessels and their on-board equipment produce a massive amount of data that need to be shared with potential destinations. The current popular Intelligent Ocean Convergence Platform is suggested to support oceanic services by taking advantage of the novel concepts of the Internet of Things and 5G communications. However, the processing activities are not always centrally performed within the cloud but are sometimes shifted to the edge of the network according to edge computing. In this paper, we propose a combination of software-defined networking and edge computing, where software technology is used to support interoperability of heterogeneous network technologies, as well as edge computing enables ultra-reliability, scalability, and low latency in ocean networks. This will meet the rapid growth of marine vessels’ demand for rapid computing and communication capabilities. Through the simulation of the average end-to-end delay, the efficiency of the proposed architecture based edge computing is evaluated.
Homopolymer Tail-Mediated Ligation PCR: A Streamlined and Highly Efficient Method for DNA Cloning and Library Construction (2013)

The amplification of DNA fragments, cloned between user-defined 5' and 3' end sequences, is a prerequisite step in the use of many current applications including massively parallel sequencing (MPS). Here we describe an improved method, called homopolymer tail-mediated ligation PCR (HTML-PCR), that requires very little starting template, minimal hands-on effort, is cost-effective, and is suited for use in high-throughput and robotic methodologies. HTML-PCR starts with the addition of homopolymer tails of controlled lengths to the 3' termini of a double-stranded genomic template. The homopolymer tails enable the annealing-assisted ligation of a hybrid oligonucleotide to the template's recessed 5' ends. The hybrid oligonucleotide has a user-defined sequence at its 5' end. This primer, together with a second primer composed of a longer region complementary to the homopolymer tail and fused to a second 5' user-defined sequence, are used in a PCR reaction to generate the final product. The user-defined sequences can be varied to enable compatibility with a wide variety of downstream applications. We demonstrate our new method by constructing MPS libraries starting from nanogram and sub-nanogram quantities of Vibrio cholerae and Streptococcus pneumoniae genomic DNA.
Super-Resolution in Label-Free Photomodulated Reflectivity (2015)

We demonstrate a new, label-free, far-field super-resolution method based on an ultrafast pump-probe scheme oriented toward nanomaterial imaging. A focused pump laser excites a diffraction-limited spatial temperature profile, and the nonlinear changes in reflectance are probed. Enhanced spatial resolution is demonstrated with nanofabricated silicon and vanadium dioxide nanostructures. Using an air objective, resolution of 105 nm was achieved, well beyond the diffraction limit for the pump and probe beams and offering a novel kind of dedicated nanoscopy for materials.
Tin Oxide with Controlled Morphology and Crystallinity by Atomic Layer Deposition onto Graphene Nanosheets for Enhanced Lithium Storage (2012)

Abstract As one of the most promising negative electrode materials in lithium‐ion batteries (LIBs), SnO 2 experiences intense investigation due to its high specific capacity and energy density, relative to conventional graphite anodes. In this study, for the first time, atomic layer deposition (ALD) is used to deposit SnO 2 , containing both amorphous and crystalline phases, onto graphene nanosheets (GNS) as anodes for LIBs. The resultant SnO 2 ‐graphene nanocomposites exhibit a sandwich structure, and, when cycled against a lithium counter electrode, demonstrate a promising electrochemical performance. It is demonstrated that the introduction of GNS into the nanocomposites is beneficial for the anodes by increasing their electrical conductivity and releasing strain energy: thus, the nanocomposite electrode materials maintain a high electrical conductivity and flexibility. It is found that the amorphous SnO 2 ‐GNS is more effective than the crystalline SnO 2 ‐GNS in overcoming electrochemical and mechanical degradation; this observation is consistent with the intrinsically isotropic nature of the amorphous SnO 2 , which can mitigate the large volume changes associated with charge/discharge processes. It is observed that after 150 charge/discharge cycles, 793 mA h g −1 is achieved. Moreover, a higher coulombic efficiency is obtained for the amorphous SnO 2 ‐GNS composite anode. This study provides an approach to fabricate novel anode materials and clarifies the influence of SnO 2 phases on the electrochemical performance of LIBs.
[Effect of air temperature and relative humidity on the preimaginal development of Ctenophthalmus teres fleas (Siphonaptera)]. (1981)

The duration of the development and survival of preimaginal stages of fleas at a temperature of 5 to 30 degrees and relative humidity of 60 to 90% was studied. Minimal average duration of the development an the highest survival rate at all stages were registered at a temperature of 20 to 25 degrees and humidity of 85 to 90%. Under these conditions the whole cycle from egg to image lasts on an average 23 days. The threshold of the development for different stages falls within the limits of 3 to 6 degrees. The duration of the development of all stages was distinctly affected by temperature while the duration of larval development was affected as well by humidity. The survival of larvae was found to be affected by humidity while the survival of individuals in cocoons was considerably affected by temperature.
Survey on deep learning with class imbalance (2019)

The purpose of this study is to examine existing deep learning techniques for addressing class imbalanced data. Effective classification with imbalanced data is an important area of research, as high class imbalance is naturally inherent in many real-world applications, e.g., fraud detection and cancer detection. Moreover, highly imbalanced data poses added difficulty, as most learners will exhibit bias towards the majority class, and in extreme cases, may ignore the minority class altogether. Class imbalance has been studied thoroughly over the last two decades using traditional machine learning models, i.e. non-deep learning. Despite recent advances in deep learning, along with its increasing popularity, very little empirical work in the area of deep learning with class imbalance exists. Having achieved record-breaking performance results in several complex domains, investigating the use of deep neural networks for problems containing high levels of class imbalance is of great interest. Available studies regarding class imbalance and deep learning are surveyed in order to better understand the efficacy of deep learning when applied to class imbalanced data. This survey discusses the implementation details and experimental results for each study, and offers additional insight into their strengths and weaknesses. Several areas of focus include: data complexity, architectures tested, performance interpretation, ease of use, big data application, and generalization to other domains. We have found that research in this area is very limited, that most existing work focuses on computer vision tasks with convolutional neural networks, and that the effects of big data are rarely considered. Several traditional methods for class imbalance, e.g. data sampling and cost-sensitive learning, prove to be applicable in deep learning, while more advanced methods that exploit neural network feature learning abilities show promising results. The survey concludes with a discussion that highlights various gaps in deep learning from class imbalanced data for the purpose of guiding future research.
Antioxidant, Antidiabetic and Cytotoxic Effects of Eucommia ulmoides Oliv. Bark in vitro (2006)

The aim of this study is to investigate in vitro biological properties of Eucommia ulmoides Oliv. bark. Ethyl acetate(EtOAc) fraction from aqueous extract of Eucommia bark showed strong antioxidant activity of 19.2 by 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl(DPPH) free radical-scavenging assay. The Eucommia bark extract showed -glucosidase inhibitory activity and inhibited growth of human liver cancer cell, suggesting its potential biological value of anticancer.
Redox‐Mediated Poly(2‐acrylamido‐2‐methyl‐1‐propanesulfonic acid)/Ammonium Molybdate Hydrogels for Highly Effective Flexible Supercapacitors (2019)

Abstract Flexible supercapacitors were constructed by using novel redox‐mediated polymer electrolytes including poly (2‐acrylamido‐2‐methyl‐1‐propanesulfonic acid) (PAMPS) and ammonium molybdate [(NH 4 ) 2 MoO 4 ] (Mo). The gel polymer electrolytes PAMPS/Mo x were prepared in different compositions, where x represents the doping ratio of Mo into PAMPS electrolyte. The structure and morphology of the electrolytes were elucidated by using various spectroscopic and microscopic methods, and then they were used in the fabrication of symmetric supercapacitors. The electrochemical performances of the devices were investigated by using cyclic voltammetry, galvanostatic charge‐discharge, and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy. The system containing active carbon as the electrode and PAMPS/Mo 3 as the electrolyte produced a maximum specific capacitance of 530 F g −1 with a 30 % enhancement in capacitance compared to the Mo‐free supercapacitor. The energy density of the device is 73 Wh kg −1 with a power density of 580 W kg −1 . The redox‐active hydrogel‐based supercapacitor exhibited an excellent performance even after 2500 charge‐discharge cycles, maintaining 92 % of its original capacitance. A flexible supercapacitor was assembled by using PAMPS/Mo 3 electrolyte and successfully operated a light‐emitting diode (LED).
Combined bromocriptine‐levodopa therapy early in Parkinson's disease (1985)

Compared with levodopa, treatment of parkinsonism for 3 years with bromocriptine alone resulted in less fluctuation and peak-dose dyskinesia, but also less improvement in parkinsonian disability. Only a few of the 76 patients had long-term benefit on chronic bromocriptine therapy. However, combined bromocriptine and levodopa therapy had a therapeutic response equal to that of levodopa alone, with fewer fluctuations and peak-dose dyskinesias. Treatment should begin with a low dose of levodopa and a dopamine agonist.
DHB-KEY: An efficient key distribution scheme for wireless sensor networks (2008)

Real-world deployments of wireless sensor networks require secure communication. In many application cases it is sufficient to provide message authentication at the sink. To implement this requirement using symmetric ciphers, keys shared between each sensor node and the sink have to be established and kept fresh during network operation. This paper presents a key distribution scheme based on the well known elliptic curve Diffie-Hellman key exchange mechanism that allows us to fulfil the previously outlined requirements efficiently. The DHB-KEY scheme requires only the distribution of a single sink-initiated broadcast message to set individual keys on all sensor nodes. Thus, DHB-KEY has a low complexity and preserves scarce resources such as bandwidth and energy. In the paper we present a protocol specification based on the DHB-KEY scheme and its implementation for the well known TinyOS platform. A physical intrusion detection system in an office building is used to evaluate the protocol implementation. The evaluation shows that DHB-KEY is practical in real-world deployments.
Detecting Egregious Conversations between Customers and Virtual Agents (2018)

Tommy Sandbank, Michal Shmueli-Scheuer, Jonathan Herzig, David Konopnicki, John Richards, David Piorkowski. Proceedings of the 2018 Conference of the North American Chapter of the Association for Computational Linguistics: Human Language Technologies, Volume 1 (Long Papers). 2018.
Hysteresis Modeling of SMA Actuators for Control Applications (1998)

Active material actuators, sometimes referred to as "smart" actuators, are gaining widespread use for control actuation. Many of these actuators exhibit hysteresis to some degree between their input and output response. There exists an extensive body of research concerning the modeling of hysteresis for the linearization, or compensation, of these hysteresis nonlinearities. However, the models have typically been identified off-line and mainly used in open-loop compensation. When the identified models do not exactly match the actuator nonlinearities, the compensation can create an error between the desired and actual control output. The hysteresis for several of these actuators has been shown to evolve over time, and can render a fixed hysteresis model inadequate to linearize the hysteretic nonlinearities. This paper presents an adaptive hysteresis model for on-line identification and closed-loop compensation. Laboratory experiments with a shape memory alloy wire actuator provide evidence of the success of the adaptive identification and compensation. In addition, the means of determining the saturation of the SMA using updated information from the adaptive hysteresis model is provided.
DynaLight: A Dynamic Visible Light Communication Link for Smartphones (2015)

Nowadays, Visible Light Communication (VLC) has attracted the attention of the scientific community due to its great potential in creating smart communication links. Exploiting visible light modulations, could in time enable Internet connectivity via light lamps. Recent research studies have shown that modern smartphones have the ability to capture high frequency light patterns and increase the applicability of VLC links, enabling smart applications. However, creating flexible camera-based VLC links brings-up several challenges that are introduced by the diversity of the available devices. Firstly, existing VLC systems offer inflexible setups that are designed to operate at fixed distances. This fact causes problems when it comes to varying the distance between the transmitter and the receiver. This thesis introduces DynaLight: an adaptive line-of-sight VLC system for smartphones that dynamically adjusts and maximizes its channel capacity by estimating the distance between the transmitter and the receiver. Secondly, the wide diversity in smartphones’ hardware introduces problems when it comes to implementing a generic VLC link for market smartphones. In order to increase the applicability of our system, we chose to utilize inexpensive hardware, that introduce performance limitations, such as limited camera control. We present an image processing pipeline that identifies and overcomes effects that are caused by off-the-shelf hardware, and we further increase the amount of information, that can be extracted, by 40%. Last but not least, we develop a smartphone application that implements our enhancements and draws attention to synchronization challenges. Our conclusions indicate that the applicability of smartphone VLC links will be further extended due to the rapid evolution of modern smartphones.
Orally disintegrating films: A modern expansion in drug delivery system (2015)

Over the past few decades, tendency toward innovative drug delivery systems has majorly increased attempts to ensure efficacy, safety and patient acceptability. As discovery and development of new chemical agents is a complex, expensive and time consuming process, so recent trends are shifting toward designing and developing innovative drug delivery systems for existing drugs. Out of those, drug delivery system being very eminent among pediatrics and geriatrics is orally disintegrating films (ODFs). These fast disintegrating films have superiority over fast disintegrating tablets as the latter are associated with the risks of choking and friability. This drug delivery system has numerous advantages over conventional fast disintegrating tablets as they can be used for dysphasic and schizophrenic patients and are taken without water due to their ability to disintegrate within a few seconds releasing medication in mouth. Various approaches are employed for formulating ODFs and among which solvent casting and spraying methods are frequently used. Generally, hydrophilic polymers along with other excipients are used for preparing ODFs which allow films to disintegrate quickly releasing incorporated active pharmaceutical ingredient (API) within seconds. Orally disintegrating films have potential for business and market exploitation because of their myriad of benefits over orally disintegrating tablets. This present review attempts to focus on benefits, composition, approaches for formulation and evaluation of ODFs. Additionally, the market prospect of this innovative dosage form is also targeted.
CRISPR/Cas9-mediated genome editing in nonhuman primates (2019)

Owing to their high similarity to humans, non-human primates (NHPs) provide an exceedingly suitable model for the study of human disease. In this Review, we summarize the history of transgenic NHP models and the progress of CRISPR/Cas9-mediated genome editing in NHPs, from the first proof-of-principle green fluorescent protein-expressing monkeys to sophisticated NHP models of human neurodegenerative disease that accurately phenocopy several complex disease features. We discuss not only the breakthroughs and advantages, but also the potential shortcomings of the application of the CRISPR/Cas9 system to NHPs that have emerged from the expanded understanding of this technology in recent years. Although off-target and mosaic mutations are the main concerns in CRISPR/Cas9-mediated NHP modeling, recent progress in genome editing techniques make it likely that these technical limitations will be overcome soon, bringing excellent prospects to human disease studies.
Sobre la naturaleza del lenguaje (2006)

En nuestro medio está bastante arraigada la idea de que todo lenguaje es comunicación, y, a la inversa, hay quien supone que toda comunicación animal o humana es lenguaje. Se oye hablar, por ejemplo, de 'la lengua escrita, el lenguaje de los gestos, el lenguaje de las abejas, de las loras, o de este animal o del otro'. Pero, más que comunicación, podríamos definir el lenguaje como un sistema de simbolización que media, en una forma sumamente compleja, entre el universo del significado y el universo del sonido.
Mechanical Computing Using Multifrequency Excited NEMS Resonator (2018)

A silicon based nanoelectromechanical resonator is fabricated and is actively tuned through electrostatic actuation. We present multifrequency excitation of a NEMS resonator to dynamically perform all the fundamental logic operations (NOT, NOR, XNOR, NAND, OR, AND, and XOR). The multifrequency excitation allows to uniquely define resonant and non-resonant states as high and low logic outputs for all fundamental logic gates. The performance of this logic device is examined in terms of its speed of operation, energy consumption, and integration density. This work paves the way towards energy efficient nano-elements-based mechanical computing.
RESTTESTGEN: Automated Black-Box Testing of RESTful APIs (2020)

RESTful APIs (or REST APIs for short) represent a mainstream approach to design and develop Web APIs using the REpresentational State Transfer architectural style. When their source code is not (or just partially) available or the analysis across many dynamically allocated distributed components (typical of a micro-services architecture) poses obstacles to white-box testing, black-box testing becomes a viable option. Black-box testing, in fact, only assumes access to the system under test with a specific interface. This paper presents RESTTESTGEN, a novel approach to automatically generate test cases for REST APIs, based on their interface definition (in Swagger). Input values and requests are generated for each operation of the API under test, with the twofold objective of testing nominal execution scenarios and of testing error scenarios. Two distinct oracles are deployed to detect when test cases reveal implementation defects. Our empirical investigation shows that this approach is effective in revealing actual faults on 87 real-world REST APIs.
Shape from Planar Curves: A Linear Escape from Flatland (2007)

We revisit the problem of recovering 3D shape from the projection of planar curves on a surface. This problem is strongly motivated by perception studies. Applications include single-view modeling and fully uncalibrated structured light. When the curves intersect, the problem leads to a linear system for which a direct least-squares method is sensitive to noise. We derive a more stable solution and show examples where the same method produces plausible surfaces from the projection of parallel (non-intersecting) planar cross sections.
Roller Wave Distortion - Definition, Causes and a Novel Approach to Accurate, On-line Measurement (2001)

Roller wave distortion in heat-treated glass results in customer complaints and lost product. Roll distortion is defined in peak-to-valley measurement terms and related to optical distortion as seen by the customer. A technique is described to accurately measure roll distortion using on-line optical methods. Feedback to furnace operators has resulted in dramatic improvements in product quality.
Chinese Named Entity Recognition with Conditional Random Fields (2006)

We present a Chinese Named Entity Recognition (NER) system submitted to the close track of Sighan Bakeoff2006. We define some additional features via doing statistics in training corpus. Our system incorporates basic features and additional features based on Conditional Random Fields (CRFs). In order to correct inconsistently results, we perform the postprocessing procedure according to n-best results given by the CRFs model. Our final system achieved a F-score of 85.14 at MSRA, 89.03 at CityU, and 76.27 at LDC.
Integrating Conflicting Chemotactic Signals (1999)

Leukocytes navigate through complex chemoattractant arrays, and in so doing, they must migrate from one chemoattractant source to another. By evaluating directional persistence and chemotaxis during neutrophil migration under agarose, we show that cells migrating away from a local chemoattractant, against a gradient, display true chemotaxis to distant agonists, often behaving as if the local gradient were without effect. We describe two interrelated properties of migrating cells that allow this to occur. First, migrating leukocytes can integrate competing chemoattractant signals, responding as if to the vector sum of the orienting signals present. Second, migrating cells display memory of their recent environment: cells' perception of the relative strength of orienting signals is influenced by their history, so that cells prioritize newly arising or newly encountered attractants. We propose that this cellular memory, by promoting sequential chemotaxis to one attractant after another, is in fact responsible for the integration of competitive orienting signals over time, and allows combinations of chemoattractants to guide leukocytes in a step-by-step fashion to their destinations within tissues.