gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Tuning Class E Inverters Applied in Inductive Links Using Saturable Reactors (2013)

This paper investigates the performance of Class E inverters used in wireless power transfer applications based on resonant inductive coupling. The variations in the load and the distance between the coils cause Class E inverters to operate under nonoptimal switching conditions, which result in inefficient operation and can lead to permanent damage to its switching transistor. Therefore, a novel approach to tune Class E inverters electronically is proposed. The tuning method relies on saturable reactors to ensure that the inverter operates under optimal switching conditions regardless of variations in the load and the distance between the coils. In addition, a more accurate model of inductive links is presented in order to provide a better understanding of the major power losses in resonant inductive links. Experimental results are presented to confirm the improved accuracy of the inductive link model and the validity of the tuning method.
Introduction to digital audio recording (1983)

This paper is an introduction to digital audio recording intended for engineers with no previous experience of digital matters. It outlines the deficiencies in analogue techniques and indicates how most of these can be overcome by using digital methods.Methods of digital coding and decoding are described together with an indication of how coding parameters may be chosen to give the required performance.The recording and replay processes are outlined with an indication of the sources of loss in each. The need for a recording code is explained and several examples given. Error correction and concealment together with timing correction means that many generations of recording can be used without loss of quality, permitting complex editing involving many dubs.Finally a summary of the advantages of digital recording are given and an indication of future prospects.
Biomedical applications of functionalized fullerene-based nanomaterials (2009)

Since their discovery in 1985, fullerenes have been investigated extensively due to their unique physical and chemical properties. In recent years, studies on functionalized fullerenes for various applications in the field of biomedical sciences have seen a significant increase. The ultimate goal is towards employing these functionalized fullerenes in the diagnosis and therapy of human diseases. Functionalized fullerenes are one of the many different classes of compounds that are currently being investigated in the rapidly emerging field of nanomedicine. In this review, the focus is on the three categories of drug delivery, reactive oxygen species quenching, and targeted imaging for which functionalized fullerenes have been studied in depth. In addition, an exhaustive list of the different classes of functionalized fullerenes along with their applications is provided. We will also discuss and summarize the unique approaches, mechanisms, advantages, and the aspect of toxicity behind utilizing functionalized fullerenes for biomedical applications.
Augmented letters (2013)

We propose Augmented Letters, a new technique aimed at augmenting gesture-based techniques such as Marking Menus [9] by giving them natural, mnemonic associations. Augmented Letters gestures consist of the initial of command names, sketched by hand in the Unistroke style, and affixed with a straight tail. We designed a tentative touch device interaction technique that supports fast interactions with large sets of commands, is easily discoverable, improves user's recall at no speed cost, and supports fluid transition from novice to expert mode. An experiment suggests that Augmented Letters outperform Marking Menu in terms of user recall.
Self-adjusted network transmission for multimedia data (2005)

High bandwidth requirements in multimedia transmission make the efficient use of limited network resource a challenging task, especially when multiple clients make their requests to the server simultaneously. We propose a self-adjusted network transmission mechanism for multiple clients. Instead of assigning a fixed bandwidth for each client, the server determines the transmission rate for each client connection according to the buffer packets and playback rate at each client. Transmission rates are adjusted when the total requested bandwidth is larger than the network bandwidth. In addition, the proposed mechanism can minimize the bandwidth allocation and maximize the client buffer utilization. A simulation is performed and the simulation results show that the proposed mechanism can dynamically change the transmission rate for each client to avoid overflow of the client buffer, and achieve the optimal utilization of the limited network resource in multiple client network environments.
Relationships between biomass and plant species richness in arid‐zone grazing lands (2001)

Summary The relationship between biomass and species richness in temperate vegetation has been described as a hump‐back response model. The hump‐back model predicts that herbaceous species richness is highest at an intermediate level of biomass. However, this has not been investigated in arid‐zone grazing lands. We tested the hump‐back prediction in an arid tropical grazing region in northern Kenya where a seasonal grazing exclosure system is practised. We compared vegetation structure, species richness and composition on an open range and exclosures at five sites to elucidate the potential mechanisms behind variation in species richness. More biomass was accumulated within seasonal exclosures than in continuously grazed areas. Species richness in exclosure plots varied from 5·3 to 8·3 species m −2 , while that in open plots varied from 5·1 to 7·5 species m −2 . A pair‐wise test showed no difference in two of the five sites with respect to both total and herbaceous species richness. The primary floristic gradient illuminated through ordination was related to biomass, while the secondary gradient was related to species richness. The exclosure plots had more abundant species, especially compared with open plots, which had more rare and occasional species. A total of 37 herbaceous species was recorded; 22% were indifferent to grazing, 30% grazing intolerant and 48% promoted by grazing. The relationship between biomass and herbaceous species richness showed (i) no trend within the exclosures (maximum biomass 800 g m −2 ); (ii) a positive trend in the open grazing land (maximum of 500 g m −2 ); and a hump‐back pattern when (i) and (ii) were analysed together. Optimum richness corresponded to a biomass level of 400–500 g m −2 . Species richness declined with increase in age of exclosures. We confirmed that species richness will decline when biomass exceeds 500 g m −2 , as predicted by the hump‐back model, even in arid grazing lands. Seasonal grazing exclosures may increase species richness to a certain level, but the decline in species richness with age of exclosures indicates that long‐term exclusion of grazing may not necessarily increase species richness in arid‐zone grazing lands.
Byzantine Generals Problem in the Light of P2P Computing (2006)

Security problems in P2P environment become more complicated with the growing number of P2P networks and applications. Hence, it is very important to find reliable mechanisms of detection and elimination of various threats, attack sources, and malicious nodes. In this paper we consider how it is possible to apply some classical solutions for Byzantine generals problem (BGP), originally described by Lamport and Shostak, in a P2P environment to solve such problems
Content-based image retrieval: An application to tattoo images (2009)

Tattoo images on human body have been routinely collected and used in law enforcement to assist in suspect and victim identification. However, the current practice of matching tattoos is based on keywords. Assigning keywords to individual tattoo images is both tedious and subjective. We have developed a content-based image retrieval system for a tattoo image database. The system automatically extracts image features based on the Scale Invariant Feature Transform (SIFT). Side information, i.e., body location of tattoos and tattoo classes, is utilized to improve the retrieval time and retrieval accuracy. Geometrical constraints are also introduced in SIFT keypoint matching to reduce false retrievals. Experimental results on 1,000 queries against an operational database of 63,593 tattoo images show a rank-20 accuracy of 94.2%; the average matching time per query is 2.9 sec. on Intel Core 2, 2.66 GHz, 3 GB RAM processor.
Vacuum states for compressible flow (1998)

In this paper we study the evolutions of the interfaces betweengases and the vacuum for both inviscid and viscous one dimensionalisentropic gas motions. The local (in time) existence of solutionsfor both inviscid and viscous models with initial data containingvacuum states is proved and some singular properties on the freesurfaces separating the gas and the vacuum are obtained. It isfound that the Euler equations are better behaved near the vacuum thanthe compressible Navier-Stokes equations. The Navier-Stokesequations with viscosity depending on density are introduced, which is shown to be well-posed (at leastlocally) and yield the desired solutions near vacuum.
Fixing and IR response of doped barium titanate (1994)

Two key obstacles to the development of high-capacity three-dimensional information mass storage systems using photorefractive crystals are: (1) readout of holograms stored in the conventional manner is destructive, and (2) undoped photorefractive crystals are typically quite insensitive to red and infrared write light from diode lasers (the preferred source). As a consequence, bulky, expensive ion lasers have been necessary for hologram writing. Thus hologram fixing and high infrared sensitivity in these materials are both important if practical systems are to be built. We present our own high-temperature (80-110°C) photorefractive grating writing results for a variety of pure and doped barium titanate (BaTiO<sub>3</sub>) crystals. We found strong fixable secondary gratings that correlated with increasing levels of Fe and Ni in doped crystals. Fixing was not observed in our pure crystals or those doped with V, Rh, or Co. Fixing was enhanced in an iron-doped crystal reduced by high-temperature annealing at low oxygen partial pressures. We also found that the readout diffraction efficiency of a fixed grating in BaTiO<sub>3</sub> is a rapidly increasing function of readout temperature above a threshold temperature, which depends upon the crystal orientation. Lower temperatures lead to longer storage times, as would be expected if the carriers forming the fixed grating have a thermally activated mobility. We also report preliminary experimental results on blue Rh-doped BaTiO<sub>3</sub> crystals with fast and high-gain infrared (840 nm) response.
Synthesis and reactivity of 2-azametallacyclobutanes (2012)

2-Azametallacyclobutanes have been reported for a number of metals. This Perspective provides a brief overview of 2-azametallacyclobutanes, focusing on complexes in which the ring nitrogen is anionic (amido).
Specifying globalization effects on national policy: a focus on the mechanisms (1999)

This paper attempts to clarify the concept of globalization and to specify how globalization affects national education systems. It argues that though globalization represents a qualitative change in the nature of national- supranational relations, this does not necessarily imply greater homogeneity of policy or practice in education. The paper's particular focus is the mechanisms through which the external effects on national education systems are carried and delivered. It argues that it is especially important to specify those effects, since they have an independent influence on the ‘messages’ they carry. The main part of the paper is devoted to an elaboration and systematic comparison of eight mechanisms of external effects and the organizations associated with them: borrowing, learning, teaching, harmonization, dissemination, standardization, installing interdependence and imposition.
MICROPROCESSORS and MICROCOMPUTER-BASED SYSTEM DESIGN (2021)

Microprocessors and Microcomputer-Based System Design, Second Edition, builds on the concepts of the first edition. It discusses the basics of microprocessors, various 32-bit microprocessors, the 8085 microprocessor, the fundamentals of peripheral interfacing, and Intel and Motorola microprocessors. This edition includes new topics such as floating-point arithmetic, Program Array Logic, and flash memories. It covers the popular Intel 80486/80960 and Motorola 68040 as well as the Pentium and PowerPC microprocessors. The final chapter presents system design concepts, applying the design principles covered in previous chapters to sample problems.
Therapy for Thrombotic Thrombocytopenia Purpura: Past, Present, and Future (2013)

While clinical recognition of thrombotic thrombocytopenia purpura (TTP) has been evident for almost 90 years, the pathological basis of this disorder has only, relatively, recently been elucidated. Consequently, options for treating TTP had evolved rather slowly for many years. Despite this, current treatment practices of intensive plasma exchange often with immune modulation have seen survival rates increase dramatically. Nevertheless, the current understanding of TTP may witness the cusp of a new era for this disorder, with new and emerging treatments nearing clinical practice that specifically target the root cause of TTP. Some of these targeted approaches may even see the beginning of plasma-free treatments for TTP, with potentially faster recoveries and fewer long-term adverse effects.
Insulin mutations impair beta-cell development in a patient-derived iPSC model of neonatal diabetes (2018)

Insulin gene mutations are a leading cause of neonatal diabetes. They can lead to proinsulin misfolding and its retention in endoplasmic reticulum (ER). This results in increased ER-stress suggested to trigger beta-cell apoptosis. In humans, the mechanisms underlying beta-cell failure remain unclear. Here we show that misfolded proinsulin impairs developing beta-cell proliferation without increasing apoptosis. We generated induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) from people carrying insulin (<i>INS</i>) mutations, engineered isogenic CRISPR-Cas9 mutation-corrected lines and differentiated them to beta-like cells. Single-cell RNA-sequencing analysis showed increased ER-stress and reduced proliferation in INS-mutant beta-like cells compared with corrected controls. Upon transplantation into mice, INS-mutant grafts presented reduced insulin secretion and aggravated ER-stress. Cell size, mTORC1 signaling, and respiratory chain subunits expression were all reduced in <i>INS</i>-mutant beta-like cells, yet apoptosis was not increased at any stage. Our results demonstrate that neonatal diabetes-associated INS-mutations lead to defective beta-cell mass expansion, contributing to diabetes development.
Genomics and Blood Substitutes for 21st Century Europe (“EuroBloodSubstitutes”) (2006)

Blood transfusion is a medical intervention practised throughout the world. Blood is a biologically active material that can transmit diseases (e.g., HIV/AIDS and, perhaps, vCJD). People are becoming increasingly concerned about blood safety, despite improved screening and processing. Consequently, they are reluctant to donate blood or receive transfusions. Such problems can be solved by the development and incorporation into transfusion practices of so-called "blood substitutes" to replace some blood uses. The EuroBloodSubstitutes Project is funded by the European Union Framework 6 Programme to develop a technological platform for producing novel haem proteins and blood substitute components using micro-organisms (bacteria, fungi, yeast) as "cell factories." The Project will focus on bacteria (Escherichia coli), yeast (Pichia pastoris) and, longer-term, filamentous fungi (Aspergillus niger), all organisms used to synthesize commercially important products. The multi-centre Consortium consists of the Universities of (1) Nottingham (UK), (2) Essex (UK), (3) Denmark Technical (Denmark), (4) Lund (Sweden), (5) Milan (Italy), (6) Nancy (France), (7) Parma (Italy), (8) Rome "La Sapienza" (Italy), (9) Semmelweis (Hungary), together with (10) Alligator Bioscience, AB (Sweden), (11) LCC Engineering & Trading GmbH (Switzerland), (12) Scottish National Blood Transfusion Service (UK), and (13) Sanquin Bloodbank (The Netherlands). The EuroBloodSubstitutes Project will be informed by lay and professional stakeholders (e.g., clinicians, blood donors, patient groups, prescribers and policy makers). Outcomes of the Project are (1) the production of an information pack, decision aids and physician training aids, giving balanced overviews of the benefits and risks of transfusion of blood or potential substitutes, and (2) an interactive web site (http//:www.eurobloodsubstitutes.com) for information dissemination. This will improve knowledge and address misunderstandings about transfusion issues in a climate of changing patient expectations on blood safety and benefits of blood substitutes.
The synthesis of chiral dimethyl substituted macrocyclic polyether‐diester ligands (1982)

Abstract A new series of chiral macrocyclic polyether‐diester ligands has been prepared from four chiral dimethyl substituted tetraethylene glycols ( 15a,b,16,17 ) and 2,6‐pyridinedicarbonyl chloride (products 5a‐7 ), diglycolyl chloride (products 8–10 ), thiadiglycolyl chloride (product 11 ), 2,5‐furandicarbonyl chloride (product 12 ), 4‐chloro‐2,6‐pyridinedicarbonyl chloride (product 13 ), and 4‐methoxy‐2,6‐pyridinedicarbonyl chloride (product 14 ). The chiral dimethyl substituted tetraethylene glycols ( 15a‐17 ) were prepared from ethyl ( S )‐lactate.
Energy expenditure in human pregnancy (1989)

Summary Pregnancy and lactation are the most active anabolic phases of adult life and require marked changes in energy metabolism even in humans, in whom the energetic stress of reproduction is slight compared to most other species. Studies of the energetics of pregnancy started in the early 1900's when interest focused on the metabolism of the fetus in utero. More recently attention has turned to the implications of pregnancy for the mother herself. Data from the latest published studies now suggest that a physiological mechanism exists which can monitor a mother's energy stores and the adequacy of her diet during pregnancy, and can modify her metabolism accordingly. In particular, potent energy‐sparing adaptations have been demonstrated in under‐nourished mothers. Such adaptations would be anticipated to have important survival value when dietary intake is marginal. They have also been demonstrated to occur in some affluent women and therefore have implications when setting recommended dietary allowances for all women.
Experimental results on MMSE turbo equalization in underwater acoustic communication using high order modulation (2010)

This paper presents some results on MMSE turbo equalization applied to real sea water trials in the Atlantic ocean. High order modulations (8-PSK, 16-QAM and 32-QAM) have been tested. The channel data rate on the underwater acoustic channel is up to 20 kbps. The receiver includes timing recovery, equalization, interleaving and channel coding. The results which are evaluated in term of bit error rate (BER) and mean square error (MSE) show that turbo equalization improves the performance of the receiver and allows reliable high order transmissions when the signal to noise ratio is sufficient.
Recovery from chronic spinal cord contusion after nogo receptor intervention (2011)

Antagonizing myelin-derived inhibitors signaling with NgR1 decoy augments recovery from chronic spinal cord injury.
A Method for Isolating β-Casein (1996)

A new method was developed for obtaining pure beta-CN. Calcium caseinate (3%) was reconstituted, renneted to form a gel, cooled (4 degrees C) to allow beta-CN dissociation from the caseinate gel, and centrifuged. The supernatant was warmed to 30 degrees C, precipitating pure beta-CN from solution. Large quantities of beta-CN were recovered by scaling-up this procedure, but these beta-CN preparations were less pure than the beta-CN that was prepared on a smaller scale. Chromatography (FPLC) and urea-PAGE showed beta-CN to be the main component in the precipitate. Chymosin, used to form the caseinate gel, did not extensively hydrolyze beta-CN under the conditions of these experiments. Calcium concentration, cooling time, and caseinate concentration influenced the recovery of beta-CN. Maximum recovery of beta-CN, under the experimental conditions used, occurred at 10 mM calcium, 48 h of cooling, and 3% caseinate concentration.
Security Threats and Challenges in Cloud Computing (2017)

Cloud Computing has emerged as a new paradigm of computing that builds on the foundations of Distributed Computing, Grid Computing, and Virtualization. Cloud computing is Internet-accessible business model with flexible resource allocation on demand, and computing on a pay-per-use as utilities. Cloud computing has grown to provide a promising business concept for computing infrastructure, where concerns are beginning to grow about how safe an environment is. Security is one of the major issues in the cloud-computing environment. In this paper we investigate some prime security attacks and possible solutions for clouds: XML Signature Wrapping attacks, Browser Security, and Vendor Lock-in.
Magneto-dielectric properties of doped ferrite based nanosized ceramics over very high frequency range (2016)

In the present study, indium doped nano sized nickel zinc cobalt based ferrite ceramics with composition Ni0.5Zn0.3Co0.2InxFe2-xO4 (x = 0.2 and 0.4) were synthesized by a co-precipitation technique. Powdered sample has been pre-sintered at 800 °C, pressed into toroids and finally sintered at 1000 °C. The single phase formation of the presintered powder has been confirmed by X ray diffraction (XRD). The average particle size of the presintered powder has been estimated by field emission scanning electron microscope (FESEM) and found to be about ~60 nm for x = 0.2 and ~80 nm at x = 0.4. The electromagnetic characterization has been made using vector network analyzer. High value of permeability (17.3 and 15.2 for x = 0.2 and 0.4 respectively) with low magnetic loss tangent of 10−1 order were obtained. Permittivity of 8.2 and 10, and dielectric loss tangent of the order of 10−2 were also achieved. With the measured electromagnetic parameters, miniaturization factor of 12.32 and normalized characteristic impedance close to unity (1.23) were obtained up to 100 MHz frequency. These fascinating parameters definitely propose Ni0.5Zn0.3Co0.2In0.4Fe1.6O4 ceramics as a substrate material for miniaturized antenna in very high frequency band. Possible reasons and mechanisms of electromagnetic properties for different concentrations of indium are discussed in the paper.
Evidence for an Alzheimer Disease Susceptibility Locus on Chromosome 12 and for Further Locus Heterogeneity (1998)

Our data provide independent confirmation of the existence of an AD susceptibility locus on chromosome 12 and suggest the existence of AD susceptibility genes on other chromosomes. Screening a larger set of families with additional chromosome markers will be necessary for identifying the chromosome 12 AD gene.