gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Determination of the Competitive Adsorption Isotherms of Nadolol Enantiomers by an Improved <i>h</i>-Root Method (2003)

Nadolol, a β-blocker used in the management of hypertension and angina pectoris, has three chiral centers and is currently marketed as an equal mixture of its four stereoisomers. Resolution of three of the four stereoisomers of nadolol was obtained by HPLC, with a complete separation of the most active enantiomer, (RSR)-nadolol, on a column packed with perphenyl carbamoylated β-cyclodextrin (β-CD) immobilized onto silica gel. The h-root method without the introduction of dummy species was presented and applied to determine the nonlinear competitive Langmuir isotherms of the three components of nadolol. In this method, h-root transformation was applied directly to the n-component nonstoichiometric system, without introduction of dummy species. The experiments consist of linear elution and nonlinear frontal chromatography. The solid film linear driving force model was used to simulate the response of a column to a pulse injection in the nonlinear region. The experimental and simulated profiles matched well, which confirmed the validity of the obtained Langmuir isotherm coefficients. On the basis of the isotherm obtained, complete (1, 2) and (2, 3) simulated moving bed (SMB) separation regions were determined to separate the ternary mixture of nadolol into different fractions.
Challenges for the Clinical Development of PI3K Inhibitors: Strategies to Improve Their Impact in Solid Tumors (2019)

The PI3K pathway is mutated and aberrantly activated in many cancers and plays a central role in tumor cell proliferation and survival, making it a rational therapeutic target. Until recently, however, results from clinical trials with PI3K inhibitors in solid tumors have been largely disappointing. Here, we describe several factors that have limited the success of these agents, including the weak driver oncogenic activity of mutant PI3K, suboptimal patient selection in trials, drug-related toxicities, feedback upregulation of compensatory mechanisms when PI3K is blocked, increased insulin production upon PI3Kα inhibition, lack of mutant-specific inhibitors, and a relative scarcity of studies using combinations with PI3K antagonists. We also suggest strategies to improve the impact of these agents in solid tumors. Despite these challenges, we are optimistic that isoform-specific PI3K inhibitors, particularly in combination with other agents, may be valuable in treating appropriately selected patients with PI3K-dependent tumors. SIGNIFICANCE: Despite the modest clinical activity of PI3K inhibitors in solid tumors, there is an increasing understanding of the factors that may have limited their success. Strategies to ameliorate drug-related toxicities, use of rational combinations with PI3K antagonists, development of mutant-selective PI3K inhibitors, and better patient selection should improve the success of these targeted agents against solid tumors.
Interdental brushing for the prevention and control of periodontal diseases and dental caries in adults (2013)

Only one study looked at whether toothbrushing with interdental brushing was better than toothbrushing alone, and there was very low-quality evidence for a reduction in gingivitis and plaque at one month. There is also low-quality evidence from seven studies that interdental brushing reduces gingivitis when compared with flossing, but these results were only found at one month. There was insufficient evidence to determine whether interdental brushing reduced or increased levels of plaque when compared to flossing.
The Respiratory Burst and Its Physiological Significance (1988)

When phagocytes are exposed to a number of different stimuli, they undergo dra matic changes in the way they process oxygen. Oxygen uptake increases markedly, frequently more than 50-fold; the phagocy
[Study on the inclusion complexation interaction of beta-cyclodextrin and beta-carotene by UV-Vis spectra]. (2004)

Beta-cyclodextrin (beta-CD), a kind of cyclic oligosaccharides, was found to possess a strong inclusion ability with beta-carotene. The inclusion compounds of beta-CD with beta-carotene were prepared by the coprecipitation method, and studied by UV-Vis spectra of different mole ratio beta-CD/beta-carotene in the H2O+ ethanol solution (H2O for beta-CD, and ethanol for beta-carotene). Equilibrium constant of inclusion compound was determined by UV-Vis spectra. The results indicate that 3.25 moles of beta-CD can include one mole beta-carotene to form inclusion compound by Van der Waals force and hydrophobic interaction etc. The optimum synthesis conditions of inclusion compound of beta-CD with beta-carotene is that the mole ratio of beta-CD/beta-carotene is 3.25:1 (mol/mol), the concentration ratio of beta-CD H2O solution/beta-carotene solution is 12:1 (mol x L(-1)/mol x L(-1)), and the time and temperature of inclusion reaction are 2 h and 30 degrees C, respectively. Equilibrium constant of inclusion compound (Ka) is 9.46 x 10(11) L x mol(-1). The selective binding ability of beta-CD with beta-carotene has been discussed from the viewpoint of size/shape-fitting and geometry fitting between the host cavity and the guest molecule. The resistance to oxidation and photooxidation, and the solubility in H2O of beta-carotene were increased by inclusion with beta-CD.
Molecular Dynamics Study of the Molecular Weight Dependence of Surface Tensions of Normal Alkanes and Methyl Methacrylate Oligomers (2006)

Surface tensions (gamma) of normal alkanes and methyl methacrylate (MMA) oligomers at various molecular weights in the low molecular weight range were computed using a newly proposed molecular dynamics (MD) simulation strategy which was developed based on the definition of gamma = ( partial differential U/ partial differential sigma)n,V,S. The MD simulations, even with the use of a generic force field, reproduced the experimentally observed molecular weight dependence of gamma (i.e., gamma proportional Mn(-2/3), where Mn is the number-average molecular weight) for both series of oligomers. Analysis of the data reveals that solvent accessible surface area, one of the key input variables used for the calculation of gamma, exhibits an Mn(2/3) (rather than Mn(1)) dependence. The reason for such dependence is that solvent accessible surface area formed by the chainlike small molecules depends, to a larger extent, on their orientations rather than their size. However, this is not the case for high molecular weight molecules as solvent accessible surface area of such surfaces are determined by the orientations of their segments which are determined by the conformations of the molecules. This may explain why surface tension of polymers experimentally exhibits an Mn(-1) dependence. It is inferred that the corresponding molecular weight dependence of the entropy changes associated with molecules in the low and high molecular weight ranges would be different.
A DSP-based digital IF AM/FM car-radio receiver (2004)

This paper describes the design and the implementation of a DSP-based digital IF (intermediate frequency) radio receiver in a low-power 0.18/spl mu/m CMOS technology. Thanks to an advanced systems-on-chip mixed analog and digital solution, the proposed device performs the demodulation of both AM and FM stereo signals, digitized at the IF by means of a high dynamic range /spl Sigma//spl Delta/-bandpass analog to digital converter. The chosen architecture combines hardware and software functions, yielding true blind equalization of the FM channel; this results in an outstanding rejection of the adjacent channels and of any other interfering signal, even under severe multipath conditions. The described chip occupies as small as 15.21mm/sup 2/ and it is shipped in a compact 64-pin package, reducing application costs while ensuring state-of-the-art performance.
Simultaneous cytosolic delivery of a chemotherapeutic and siRNA using nanoparticle-stabilized nanocapsules (2016)

We report on nanoparticle-stabilized capsules (NPSCs) as a platform for the co-delivery of survivin-targeted siRNA and tamoxifen. These capsules feature an inner oil core that provides a carrier for tamoxifen, and is coated on the surface with positively charged nanoparticles self-assembled with siRNA. The multifaceted chemical nature of the NPSC system enables the simultaneous delivery of both payloads directly into the cytosol in vitro. The NPSC co-delivery of tamoxifen and survivin-targeted siRNA into breast cancer cells disables the pathways that inhibit apoptosis, resulting in enhanced breast cell death.
Coherent heterodyne frequency-selective polarimeter for error signal generation in higher-order PMD compensators (2002)

We proposed and demonstrated a coherent heterodyne receiver architecture that can frequency-resolve the Stokes parameters of a modulated signal. We also studied the feasibility of generation of an error signal based on the Stokes parameters variance. We presented experimental results for a 10 Gb/s NRZ signal with first-order polarisation mode dispersion (PMD) and theoretical results for a 40 Gb/s RZ signal with higher-order PMD.
Lung perfusion scintigraphy in pulmonary carcinoma and pulmonectomy (2015)

PURPOSE : The surgical treatment is the most successful treatment of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) in oncology practice. Lung perfusion scintigraphy as a non-invasive method for evaluation of the perfusion defect related to tumor localization in lung cancer patients is considered the differentiating line of pulmonary tests to predict post-operative lung function. MATERIALS AND METHODS : We analyzed retrospectively the value of lung perfusion scintigraphy in 10 cases with primary lung carcinoma who had a pulmonectomy (9 left and 1 right pulmonectomy). RESULTS : Changes in affected lung perfusion varied from impaired in different rate to perfusion defect in at least 3 lung segments (presented in 3 of the patients), 4 lung segments (present in 2 of the patients), or parts of segments, or defect affecting whole lobe. Impaired perfusion in a zone with polycyclic outlines in homolateral hilum was present in 7 of the patients. Perfusion indices at localization in the left lung (8 of the patients) were mean = 36,79%, SD=19,35%, SE=6,8%. CONCLUSION : Lung perfusion scintigraphy is a valuable method in the complex of pre-operative examinations to define the extent of the impairments in pulmonary perfusion and predicting the post-operative pulmonary function when pulmonectomy is about to be elaborated. The rate of perfusion changes and the percentage of involvement of the affected lung in the common pulmonary function correlate with survival. The low perfusion in the affected lung is not necessarily a contraindication for operative treatment.
Valyl-tRNA synthetase gene of Escherichia coli K12. Primary structure and homology within a family of aminoacyl-TRNA synthetases. (1988)

The DNA nucleotide sequence of the valS gene encoding valyl-tRNA synthetase of Escherichia coli has been determined. The deduced primary structure of valyl-tRNA synthetase was compared to the primary sequences of the known aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases of yeast and bacteria. Significant homology was detected between valyl-tRNA synthetase of E. coli and other known branched-chain aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases. In pairwise comparisons the highest level of homology was detected between the homologous valyl-tRNA synthetases of yeast and E. coli, with an observed 41% direct identity overall. Comparisons between the valyl- and isoleucyl-tRNA synthetases of E. coli yielded the highest level of homology detected between heterologous enzymes (19.2% direct identity overall). An alignment is presented between the three branched-chain aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases (valyl- and isoleucyl-tRNA synthetases of E. coli and yeast mitochondrial leucyl-tRNA synthetase) illustrating the close relatedness of these enzymes. These results give credence to the supposition that the branched-chain aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases along with methionyl-tRNA synthetase form a family of genes within the aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases that evolved from a common ancestral progenitor gene.
Modeling of wave propagation in layered piezoelectric media by a recursive asymptotic method (2004)

In this paper, a simple asymptotic method to compute wave propagation in a multilayered general anisotropic piezoelectric medium is discussed. The method is based on explicit second and higher order asymptotic representations of the transfer and stiffness matrices for a thin piezoelectric layer. Different orders of the asymptotic expansion are obtained using Padé approximation of the transfer matrix exponent. The total transfer and stiffness matrices for thick layers or multilayers are calculated with high precision by subdividing them into thin sublayers and combining recursively the thin layer transfer and stiffness matrices. The rate of convergence to the exact solution is the same for both transfer and stiffness matrices; however, it is shown that the growth rate of the round-off error with the number of recursive operations for the stiffness matrix is twice that for the transfer matrix; and the stiffness matrix method has better performance for a thick layer. To combine the advantages of both methods, a hybrid method which uses the transfer matrix for the thin layer and the stiffness matrix for the thick layer is proposed. It is shown that the hybrid method has the same stability as the stiffness matrix method and the same round-off error as the transfer matrix method. The method converges to the exact transfer/stiffness matrices essentially with the precision of the computer round-off error. To apply the method to a semispace substrate, the substrate was replaced by an artificial perfect matching layer. The computational results for such an equivalent system are identical with those for the actual system. In our computational experiments, we have found that the advantage of the asymptotic method is its simplicity and efficiency.
A Study on the Environmental Satisfaction and Needs of Public Health Facilities Centered on Local Community (2022)

The role of public health facilities related to health promotion in local communities is being emphasized. This study aims to understand the current status of public health facilities related to health promotion and examine users
Full stabilization of an electro-optic comb to a mode-locked fiber comb (2016)

We demonstrate full phase locking of an electro-optic comb to a fiber comb. Both the cw seed laser for the EO comb and the applied RF modulation frequency are referenced to comb lines within the fiber comb spectrum.
THE PREDICTED IMPACT OF LINEAR ROOF APERTURES ON THE ENERGY PERFORMANCE OF OFFICE BUILDINGS (1983)

An investigation has been made of potential lighting electricity reductions and associated thermal impacts of replacing electric light with sunlight admitted through rooftop glazing on a single-story, prototypical office building. Experimental scale models have been used to determine the fraction of the solar radiation entering the aperture which reaches the work plane as useful illumination. This information is used in a developmental version of the building energy analysis computer program BLAST-3.0 to predict reductions in lighting electricity and the impacts on energy consumption for heating and cooling the building. The results indicate that a large fraction of the electricity consumed for lighting a single-story office building can be displaced using modest amounts of glazing in the roof. Also, both heating and cooling energy consumption reductions are possible from a daylighting system, but they are substantially smaller than the potential lighting electricity reductions. The design implications of the results are discussed and future directions for the work are outlined.
Expressional Changes of Neuropeptide Y and Cholecystokinin in the Arcuate and Paraventricular Nuclei after Capsaicin Administration (2004)

Despite its toxicity, a great deal of attention has been paid to the anorexic effect of capsaicin in the treatment of obesity-related neurotransmitters/neuromodulators. To determine if capsaicin has any effects on the orexigenic or anorexigenic peptides, the neuropeptide Y (NPY)- and cholecystokinin (CCK)-immunoreactivities were demonstrated in the rat hypothalamus by immunohistochemistry after capsaicin administration. There was a significantly lower concentration of NPY immunopositive cells in the arcuate and paraventricular nuclei of the capsaicin treated rats. In contrast, the CCK expressions level was higher in the paraventricular nucleus of the capsaicin treated rats than in the control rats. These results suggest that capsaicin influence neuropeptides such as orexigenic NPY and anorexigenic CCK related to control food intake.
ChemInform Abstract: The Total Synthesis of Eleutherobin: A Surprise Ending. (1998)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
A co-registration approach for electrocorticogram electrode localization using post-implantation MRI and CT of the head (2013)

Electrocorticogram (ECoG) signals are acquired from electrodes that are surgically implanted into the subdural space of the brain. Although this procedure is usually performed for clinical purposes such as defining seizure locations and/or brain mapping, ECoG signals can also be used for characterizing the electrophysiology underlying various behaviors or for brain-computer interface applications. Therefore, defining the anatomical location of ECoG electrodes is an important process for contextual interpretation of the results. Current techniques utilize semi-automated statistical methods to co-register ECoG electrodes from either post-implantation X-rays or computer tomography (CT) images with a pre-implantation magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the brain. However, due to brain deformation caused by surgical electrode implantation, ECoG electrode locations must be projected onto the brain surface of the pre-implantation MRI, which may result in error. The authors present an exploratory study where post-implantation MRI images were successfully used for co-registration with post-implantation CT images of ECoG electrodes without the need for projection. By using postimplantation CT and MRI images which preserve the brain deformation, error in defining ECoG electrode locations may be reduced or eliminated.
Role of somatic cells on dairy processes and products: a review (2014)

Somatic cells are an important component naturally present in milk, and somatic cell count is used as an indicator of udder health and milk quality. The role of somatic cells in dairy processes and products is ill-defined in most studies because the role of these cells combines also the concomitance of physicochemical modifications of milk, bacterial count, and the udder inflammation in the presence of high somatic cell count. The aim of this review is to focus on the role of somatic cells themselves and of endogenous enzymes from somatic cells in milk, in dairy transformation processes, and in characteristics of final products overcoming biases due to other factors. The immune function of somatic cells in the udder defense and their protective role in milk will be primarily considered. Different characteristics of milk induced by various somatic cell counts, types, and their endogenous enzymes influencing directly the technological properties of milk and the final quality of dairy products will be discussed as well. By comparing methods used in other studies and eliminating biases due to other factors not considered in these studies, a new approach has been suggested to evaluate the effective role of somatic cells on dairy processes and products. In addition, this new approach allows the characterization of somatic cells and their endogenous enzymes and, in future research, will allow the clarification of mechanisms involved in the release of these components from somatic cells during dairy processes, particularly in cheese technologies.
Comparing Different Term Weighting Schemas for Topic Modeling (2016)

Topic Modeling is a type of statistical model that tries to determine the topics present in a corpus of documents. The accuracy measures applied to clustering algorithm can also be used to assess the accuracy of topic modeling algorithms because determining topics for documents is similar with clustering them. This paper presents an experimental validation regarding the accuracy of Latent Dirichlet Allocation in comparison with Non-Negative Matrix Factorization and K-Means. The experiments use different weighting schemas when constructing the document-term matrix to determine if the accuracy of the algorithm improves. Two well known, already labeled text corpora are used for testing. The Purity and Adjusted Rand Index are used to evaluate the accuracy. Also, a time performance comparison regarding the run-time of these algorithms is presented.
Avifauna poco frecuente en la microcuenca del río Torres, San José, Costa Rica (2016)

espanolEn la microcuenca del rio Torres, se presentan diferentes problematicas ambientales, entre ellas: el mal manejo de las aguas residuales y desechos solidos, lo cual afecta a las aves que habitan en sus alrededores, ya que utilizan este recurso y las expone a adquirir enfermedades. Dentro del proyecto de investigacion en el rio Torres se detectaron aves poco frecuentes en los anos 2014 y 2015. El estudio se llevo a cabo a lo largo de un gradiente altitudinal que se extiende aproximadamente desde los 2040 m.s.n.m. hasta los 900 m.s.n.m. Se utilizaron cuatro puntos de muestreo distribuidos a lo largo del gradiente: uno en la parte alta (Colegio Liceo Mata de Platano), dos en la seccion media (Parque Urbano Los Conejos, Mariposario Spirogyra) y uno en la parte baja (Planta Hidroelectrica Electriona). Se detecto la presencia de cinco especies a saber: Hylocharis eliciae, Pachyramphus aglaiae, Thryophilus rufalbus, Capsiempis flaveola y Melozone biarcuata, mediante capturas con redes de niebla; ademas se realizo la observacion directa de Platalea ajaja. Estas observaciones proveen evidencia sobre la importancia de los corredores biologicos interurbanos en el Valle Central, tal es el caso del rio Torres. EnglishIn the Torres River watershed, different environmental problems are present, including poor management of sewage and solid wastes which affect birds inhabiting the surroundings by exposing them to diseases. As part of a research project in the Torres River watershed during 2014 and 2015 rarely observed birds were detected in an altitudinal gradient between approximately2040 and 900 m.a.s.l. We used four sampling points distributed along the gradient: one at higher elevation (Liceo Mata de Platano High School), two on middle elevation (Los Conejos Urban Park, Spirogyra Butterfly Garden) and another one in low lands (Electriona Hydroelectric Power Plant). We recorded the presence of five species through mist-netting captures: Blue-throated Goldentail, Rose-throated Becard, Rufous-and-white Wren, Yellow Tyrannulet, and Prevost’s Ground-sparrow. Roseate Spoonbill was detected via direct observation. The observations here presented support the importance of the protection of urban green corridors in the Central Valley, such as the Torres River.