gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Optimally controlled optomechanical work cycle for a molecular locomotive (2005)

This work seeks to apply the laser optimal control technique to light-driven molecular motors. Taking a recently proposed molecular locomotive as a model system, a control loop is developed specifically for it, and concrete schemes for experimentally closing the loop are devised. A list of unique control objectives is rigorously formulated from the nanomachinery perspective, and corresponding optimization is made feasible by an innovative application of the established technique of closed-loop learning control. The optimization may be pursued for individual laser operational steps as well as for the overall nanolocomotion performance of the entire work cycle. The locomotive optimal control, capable of co-adapting the laser procedure and the periodically driven molecular dynamics, essentially leads to an optimally performing optomechanical work cycle for the locomotive beyond any model-based pre-designed version. These findings reveal a great potential of laser optimally controlled nanowork cycles in the emerging field of nanomachinery.
Multi-feature contour evolution for automatic live cell segmentation in time lapse imagery (2008)

Cell boundary segmentation in live cell image sequences is the first step towards quantitative analysis of cell motion and behavior. The time lapse microscopy imaging produces large volumes of image sequence collections which requires fast and robust automatic segmentation of cell boundaries to utilize further automated tools such as cell tracking to quantify and classify cell behavior. This paper presents a methodology that is based on utilizing the temporal context of the cell image sequences to accurately delineate the boundaries of non-homogeneous cells. A novel flux tensor-based detection of moving cells provides initial localization that is further refined by a multi-feature level set-based method using an efficient additive operator splitting scheme. The segmentation result is processed by a watershed-based algorithm to avoid merging boundaries of neighboring cells. By utilizing robust features, the level-set algorithm produces accurate segmentation for non-homogeneous cells with concave shapes and varying intensities.
The Duty of Loyalty in the Employment Relationship: Legal Analysis and Recommendations for Employers and Workers (2018)

Capitalism, free markets and competition are all concepts and practices that are deemed to be good for the growth, development and sustainability of the economy while also benefiting consumers through more variety and lower prices. Of course, this assumption only holds true if markets and competition are open, honest and fair to all parties involved, including employers as every organization is entitled to faithful and fair service from its workers. The common law duty of loyalty in the employment relationship ensures fair competition and faithful service. Of course, a duty of loyalty is often violated when an employee begins to compete against his or her current employer. As such, the employee must not commit any illegal, disloyal, unethical or unfair acts toward his/her employer during the employment relationship. Accordingly, in this article, we provide a review of how the courts “draw the line” between permissible competition and disloyal actions. We discuss the key legal principles of the common law duty of loyalty, their implications for employees and employers and we provide practical recommendations for all parties in the employment relationship.
Process variation aware SRAM/cache for aggressive voltage-frequency scaling (2009)

this paper proposes a novel Process Variation Aware SRAM architecture designed to inherently support voltage scaling. The peripheral circuitry of the SRAM is modified to selectively allow overdriving a wordline which contains weak cell(s). This architecture allows reducing the power on the entire array; however it selectively trades power for correctness when rows containing weak cells are accessed. The cell sizing is designed to assure successful read operations. This avoids flipping the content of the cells when the wordline is overdriven. Our simulations report 23% to 30% improvement in cell access time and 31% to 51% improvement in cell write time in overdriven wordlines. Total area overhead is negligible (4%). Low voltage operation achieves more than 40% reduction in dynamic power consumption and approximately 50% reduction in leakage power consumption.
Dll1 Haploinsufficiency in Adult Mice Leads to a Complex Phenotype Affecting Metabolic and Immunological Processes (2009)

In conclusion, slight alterations in one player of Notch signaling alter the entire organism, emphasizing the fine-tuning character of this pathway in a high number of processes.
Novel motif is capable of determining CCR and CCR-like proteins based on the divergence of CCRs in plants (2019)

Cinnamoyl-coenzyme A reductases (CCRs) have been reported as key enzymes involved in monolignol biosynthesis. In this study, a motif-aware workflow based on a new signature motif effectively distinguished CCRs from CCR-like proteins. The divergence of CCRs and CCR-like sequences in Populus tomentosa Carr, Panicum virgatum L, Oryza sativa L and Selaginella moellendorffii Hieron suggests that NWYCY is not efficient for CCR recognition. The novel motif H202(X)2K205 (CCR-SBM or CCR substrate binding motif) was introduced to distinguish between CCRs and CCR-like proteins. The site-directed mutant R205K in Os(I)CCR-like and H202 in PtoCCR7 resulted in the rescue and loss of activity, respectively, further validating the fact that CCR-SBM is critical for maintaining CCR activity. The molecular docking using feruloyl-cinnamoyl-coenzyme A (CoA) as the ligand and binary PhCCR-NADP structures as receptors indicated an interaction between H202 and K205 with CoA moiety. The genuine CCRs and CCR-like proteins from several angiosperms and gymnosperms were screened using a motif-aware workflow and were validated using a biochemical assay. Our results suggest that the motif-aware workflow is efficient and effective for the identification of CCRs and CCR-like proteins in land plants and can be used as a more accurate way of identifying genuine CCRs among land plants.
Dopamine D3 Receptor Antagonists as Potential Therapeutics for the Treatment of Neurological Diseases (2016)

D3 receptors represent a major focus of current drug design and development of therapeutics for dopamine-related pathological states. Their close homology with the D2 receptor subtype makes the development of D3 selective antagonists a challenging task. In this review, we explore the relevance and therapeutic utility of D3 antagonists or partial agonists endowed with multireceptor affinity profile in the field of central nervous system disorders such as schizophrenia and drug abuse. In fact, the peculiar distribution and low brain abundance of D3 receptors make them a valuable target for the development of drugs devoid of motor side effects classically elicited by D2 antagonists. Recent research efforts were devoted to the conception of chemical templates possibly endowed with a multi-target profile, especially with regards to other G-protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs). A comprehensive overview of the recent literature in the field is herein provided. In particular, the evolution of the chemical templates has been tracked, according to the growing advancements in both the structural information and the refinement of the key pharmacophoric elements. The receptor/multireceptor affinity and functional profiles for the examined compounds has been covered, together with their most significant pharmacological applications.
Efficient Parallel Connected Component Labeling With a Coarse-to-Fine Strategy (2018)

This paper proposes a new parallel approach to solve connected components on a 2-D binary image. The following strategies are employed to accelerate neighborhood exploration after dividing an input image into independent blocks: 1) in the local labeling stage, a coarse-labeling algorithm, including row-column connection and unification, is applied first to reduce the complexity of an initialized local label map; a refinement algorithm is then introduced to merge separated sub-regions from a single component; and 2) in the block merge stage, we scan the pixels on the block boundary instead of solving the connectivity of all the pixels. With the proposed method, the length of label-equivalence lists in both the local labeling stage and global labeling stage are compressed and the number of memory accesses is reduced. Thus, the efficiency of connected component labeling is improved. The proposed strategies are illustrated using 4-neighbor connectivity, and the case of 8-neighbor connectivity is also discussed. The YACCLAB data sets, including both synthetic and real images, are used to evaluate the new algorithm and compare it to existing algorithms. The comparative results show that the proposed new algorithm outperforms the other approaches in both the 4-neighbor connectivity and 8-neighbor connectivity cases.
Efficient dependency detection for safe Java test acceleration (2015)

Slow builds remain a plague for software developers. The frequency with which code can be built (compiled, tested and packaged) directly impacts the productivity of developers: longer build times mean a longer wait before determining if a change to the application being built was successful. We have discovered that in the case of some languages, such as Java, the majority of build time is spent running tests, where dependencies between individual tests are complicated to discover, making many existing test acceleration techniques unsound to deploy in practice. Without knowledge of which tests are dependent on others, we cannot safely parallelize the execution of the tests, nor can we perform incremental testing (i.e., execute only a subset of an application's tests for each build). The previous techniques for detecting these dependencies did not scale to large test suites: given a test suite that normally ran in two hours, the best-case running scenario for the previous tool would have taken over 422 CPU days to find dependencies between all test methods (and would not soundly find all dependencies) — on the same project the exhaustive technique (to find all dependencies) would have taken over 1e300 years. We present a novel approach to detecting all dependencies between test cases in large projects that can enable safe exploitation of parallelism and test selection with a modest analysis cost.
A large 12-month extension study of an 8-week trial to evaluate the safety and efficacy of triple combination (TC) cream in melasma patients previously treated with TC cream or one of its dyads. (2005)

This was a 12-month extension of a randomized, investigator-blinded, multicenter, 8-week trial with triple combination (TC) cream in facial melasma. A total of 585 patients were enrolled in the study and 569 patients received study medication. Three hundred eighty-nine patients completed 6 months of treatment and 327 patients completed 12 months of treatment. TC cream demonstrated a favorable safety profile: only 14 patients (2.5%) discontinued the study due to treatment-related adverse events (AEs). The 2 cases of skin atrophy were mild and did not lead to withdrawal. From the 23 cases of mild telangiectasia, only 2 resulted in discontinuation. All others were transient. Results confirmed those of a previous smaller study, with both physicians and patients reporting clinically significant improvements in melasma. By month 12, 80% of patients had lesions completely cleared or nearly cleared. Once daily application of TC cream applied intermittently over a long period is a safe, tolerable, and effective treatment for moderate to severe melasma of the face.
“Loop Clip”, a new closure device for large mucosal defects after EMR and ESD (2008)

Endoscopic mucosal resection (EMR) and endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD) are indicated for the treatment of large early-stage superficial colorectal cancers. Bleeding and perforation are common complications of EMR and ESD, but closure of the mucosal defect reduces the risk of complications. Hemoclips have been used for endoscopic closure of EMR defects, but they can only be used when the diameter of the defect is less than the width of the open clip. Because it is quite difficult to do, it is not common to close large mucosal defects despite the increased risk of bleeding and perforation. A few techniques involving closure devices have been reported [1] [2], but these complicated methods have not been widely employed because of the need for a 2-channel colonoscope. Therefore, we designed a new closure device for large mucosal defects, named a "loop clip".
Secure Coding in C and C++ (2006)

Although the flexibility and performance of C and C++ aren't in question, security has increasingly become an issue. The C and C++ communities have recognized this and have taken steps to improve security at all levels, including improved standards, compiler implementations, and static and runtime analysis tools.
Lasing operation up to 200 K in the wavelength range of 570–590 nm by GaInP/AlGaInP double-heterostructure laser diodes on GaAsP substrates (1995)

Short-wavelength stimulated emission from a GaInP/AlGaInP double-heterostructure (DH) grown on GaAs0.6P0.4 substrates, where lattice-matched Ga0.7In0.3P is the active layer with Γ band-gap energy beyond 2.1 eV is investigated. Laser oscillation is attained at a wavelength below 590 nm. This shows that the DH attains sufficient carrier confinement for lasing even though the minimum Γ band-gap energy is close to that in the X band. By applying high-reflectivity coating on both facets of the cavity to decrease the optical mirror loss, we achieve lasing operation by the DH devices under pulsed current injection up to 200 K. The device exhibits threshold currents of 115 mA at 77 K and 380 mA at 200 K, and an output power level up to 0.3 mW. The oscillation wavelength is 577 nm at 77 K and 588 nm at 200 K when the current is injected at 1.2 times the threshold.
Rheology of polymer blends: Simultaneous slippage and entrance pressure loss in the ethylene‐propylene‐diene (EPDM)/viton system (1982)

Abstract Because the exact nature of the mechanism governing the marked viscosity reduction in the highly incompatible EPDM/“Viton” fluoroelastomer system is not fully understood, a study was undertaken to shed more light on the phenomenon. Interracial. Slippage in the blend has been suggested as the mechanism by which a substantial reduction in the melt viscosities of either component takes place upon addition of a small amount of the other, In the present investigation, a Mooney slip analysis demonstrated wall slippage in the EPDM/Viton system over the shear stress range of 40 kPa to 160 kPa. The capillary surface was examined for evidence of coating by the minor component of the blend (Viton), and 9‐fold enrichment was found by elemental analysis. However, on no occasion was pure Viton found. In other experiments, the dynamic linear viscoelastic properties and the transient squeezing flow response of the blend were found to be no different from those of the neat elastomer. In addition, the slip velocity in a capillary (and consequently, the viscosity‐lowering effect) was reduced by a factor of 2 to 3 in capillaries with a 90° included entrance angle. It is postulated that the reduction in the flow resistance for the blend is unique to the sharp‐entry capillary geometry and results from removal of Viton from the melt in the recirculating flow at the entrance. This material then feeds along the capillary wall, disrupting the already tenuous adhesion of the elastomer to the metal surface.
Stimulation of Rauscher leukemia virus DNA polymerase DNA-directed DNA synthesis by cationic trypanocides and polyamines. (1985)

Activated DNA-directed DNA synthesis catalyzed by Rauscher leukemia virus (RLV) and other type C mammalian retroviral DNA polymerases is uniquely stimulated by biologically active polyamines. Cationic trypanocides may act as antagonists of polyamine function. As described here, several cationic trypanocides stimulate RLV polymerase-catalyzed DNA-directed DNA synthesis at concentrations significantly inhibiting eukaryotic DNA polymerases. Such stimulation is negated by polyamines. Kinetic analysis of the stimulation of RLV DNA polymerase by three structurally dissimilar cationic trypanocides (Antrycide, Burroughs-Wellcome Compound 64A, and Bayer Compound 1694) suggests that such stimulation is, in part, due to a drug:DNA structural interaction resembling the polyamine:DNA structural complex recognized by the RLV DNA polymerase.
The Livehoods Project: Utilizing Social Media to Understand the Dynamics of a City (2021)

Studying the social dynamics of a city on a large scale has tra- ditionally been a challenging endeavor, requiring long hours of observation and interviews, usually resulting in only a par- tial depiction of reality. At the same time, the boundaries of municipal organizational units, such as neighborhoods and districts, are largely statically defined by the city government and do not always reflect the character of life in these ar- eas. To address both difficulties, we introduce a clustering model and research methodology for studying the structure and composition of a city based on the social media its res- idents generate. We use data from approximately 18 million check-ins collected from users of a location-based online so- cial network. The resulting clusters, which we call Livehoods, are representations of the dynamic urban areas that comprise the city. We take an interdisciplinary approach to validating these clusters, interviewing 27 residents of Pittsburgh, PA, to see how their perceptions of the city project onto our findings there. Our results provide strong support for the discovered clusters, showing how Livehoods reveal the distinctly charac- terized areas of the city and the forces that shape them.
Video-based tracking of user's motion for augmented desk interface (2004)

This paper presents an overview of our project on an augmented desk interface system called the EnhancedDesk. The EnhancedDesk is equipped with an infrared camera for tracking a users' hand motions, a color video camera for recognizing objects, and projectors for displaying various kinds of digital information onto the desk. The key technical innovations of the EnhancedDesk include: fast and accurate tracking of multiple fingers for direct manipulation of both real and projected objects with bare hands, interactive object registration and recognition with hand gestures, vision-based tracking of a user's gaze, and addition of interactive functionality overlaid on the desk. This paper presents a brief description of the components, as well as some prototypes of applications of our augmented desk interface system.
Pantothenate transport in Escherichia coli (1985)

The transport system for pantothenic acid uptake in Escherichia coli was characterized. This transport system was specific for pantothenate, had a Kt of 0.4 microM, and had a maximum velocity of 1.6 pmol/min per 10(8) cells (45 pmol/min per mg [dry weight]). Pantothenate uptake was not reduced in osmotically shocked cells or by ATP depletion with arsenate, but was reduced greater than 90% by the dissipation of the membrane electrochemical gradient with 2,4-dinitrophenol. Sodium ions stimulated pantothenate uptake (Kt, 0.8 mM) by reducing the Kt for pantothenate by an order of magnitude. Intracellular pantothenate was rapidly phosphorylated, but phosphorylation of pantothenate was not required for uptake since pantothenate was the only labeled intracellular compound concentrated by ATP-depleted, glucose-energized cells. The data were consistent with the presence of a high-affinity pantothenate permease that concentrates the vitamin by sodium cotransport.
Ancestry-specific recent effective population size in the Americas (2018)

Populations change in size over time due to factors such as population growth, migration, bottleneck events, natural disasters, and disease. The historical effective size of a population affects the power and resolution of genetic association studies. For admixed populations, it is not only the overall effective population size that is of interest, but also the effective sizes of the component ancestral populations. We use identity by descent and local ancestry inferred from genome-wide genetic data to estimate overall and ancestry-specific effective population size during the past hundred generations for nine admixed American populations from the Hispanic Community Health Study/Study of Latinos, and for African-American and European-American populations from two US cities. In these populations, the estimated pre-admixture effective sizes of the ancestral populations vary by sampled population, suggesting that the ancestors of different sampled populations were drawn from different sub-populations. In addition, we estimate that overall effective population sizes dropped substantially in the generations immediately after the commencement of European and African immigration, reaching a minimum around 12 generations ago, but rebounded within a small number of generations afterwards. Of the populations that we considered, the population of individuals originating from Puerto Rico has the smallest bottleneck size of one thousand, while the Pittsburgh African-American population has the largest bottleneck size of two hundred thousand.
Table of engagements (2008)

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CORE: A Cloud-based Object Recognition Engine for robotics (2015)

An object recognition engine needs to extract discriminative features from data representing an object and accurately classify the object to be of practical use in robotics. Furthermore, the classification of the object must be rapidly performed in the presence of a voluminous stream of data. These conditions call for a distributed and scalable architecture that can utilize a cloud computing infrastructure for performing object recognition. This paper introduces a Cloud-based Object Recognition Engine (CORE) to address these needs. CORE is able to train on large-scale datasets, perform classification of 3D point cloud data, and efficiently transfer data in a robotic network.
Polyol-Mediated Preparation of Nanoscale Oxide Particles (2001)

Largely monodisperse, crystalline nanoscale oxide particles (for example, Cu<sub>2</sub> O, TiO<sub>2</sub> , Nb<sub>2</sub> O<sub>5</sub> ) are preparatively accessible with the polyol method. The colloidal suspensions of the particles thus obtained can be employed readily for the homogeneous coating of various substrates (for example, glass plates, Al<sub>2</sub> O<sub>3</sub> powder).