gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Electrochemically Oxidized Electronic and Ionic Conducting Nanostructured Block Copolymers for Lithium Battery Electrodes (2013)

Block copolymers that can simultaneously conduct electronic and ionic charges on the nanometer length scale can serve as innovative conductive binder material for solid-state battery electrodes. The purpose of this work is to study the electronic charge transport of poly(3-hexylthiophene)-b-poly(ethylene oxide) (P3HT-PEO) copolymers electrochemically oxidized with lithium bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl) imide (LiTFSI) salt in the context of a lithium battery charge/discharge cycle. We use a solid-state three-terminal electrochemical cell that enables simultaneous conductivity measurements and control over electrochemical doping of P3HT. At low oxidation levels (ratio of moles of electrons removed to moles of 3-hexylthiophene moieties in the electrode), the electronic conductivity (σe,ox) increases from 10(-7) S/cm to 10(-4) S/cm. At high oxidation levels, σe,ox approaches 10(-2) S/cm. When P3HT-PEO is used as a conductive binder in a positive electrode with LiFePO4 active material, P3HT is electrochemically active within the voltage window of a charge/discharge cycle. The electronic conductivity of the P3HT-PEO binder is in the 10(-4) to 10(-2) S/cm range over most of the potential window of the charge/discharge cycle. This allows for efficient electronic conduction, and observed charge/discharge capacities approach the theoretical limit of LiFePO4. However, at the end of the discharge cycle, the electronic conductivity decreases sharply to 10(-7) S/cm, which means the "conductive" binder is now electronically insulating. The ability of our conductive binder to switch between electronically conducting and insulating states in the positive electrode provides an unprecedented route for automatic overdischarge protection in rechargeable batteries.
Guided Data Repair (2011)

In this paper we present GDR, a Guided Data Repair framework that incorporates user feedback in the cleaning process to enhance and accelerate existing automatic repair techniques while minimizing user involvement. GDR consults the user on the updates that are most likely to be beneficial in improving data quality. GDR also uses machine learning methods to identify and apply the correct updates directly to the database without the actual involvement of the user on these specific updates. To rank potential updates for consultation by the user, we first group these repairs and quantify the utility of each group using the decision-theory concept of value of information (VOI). We then apply active learning to order updates within a group based on their ability to improve the learned model. User feedback is used to repair the database and to adaptively refine the training set for the model. We empirically evaluate GDR on a real-world dataset and show significant improvement in data quality using our user guided repairing process. We also, assess the trade-off between the user efforts and the resulting data quality.
Three‐layer substrates for surface‐enhanced Raman scattering: preparation and preliminary evaluation (2003)

Abstract In surface‐enhanced Raman scattering (SERS), the magnitude of enhancement is highly dependent on the nanometer‐scale morphological and optical properties of the substrate employed. This paper reports the development of an improved SERS‐active substrate that is based on a combination of nanoparticle assembly and evaporated thin films. Highly enhancing, three‐layer SERS‐active substrates were constructed by evaporation of an Ag film over an Ag‐clad colloidal Au submonolayer; the distinguishing feature of the three‐layer substrate is the formation of evaporated Ag islands between the surface‐bound colloidal particles. UV–visible absorption spectroscopy, atomic force microscopy and field emission scanning electron microscopy were used to characterize the substrate morphology. The thickness of the evaporated layer was varied in order to determine the optimal substrate architecture. The estimated enhancement factor for the optimized substrate architecture was 7 × 10 4 . Furthermore, better than 15% reproducibility in the Raman spectra for adsorbed analytes was observed from spot to spot on a given substrate, and also from substrate to substrate. Finally, a sub‐picogram detection limit was demonstrated with the environmental pollutant 1,3,5‐triazine. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Solar Thermoplasmonic Nanofurnace for High-Temperature Heterogeneous Catalysis (2020)

Most of existing solar thermal technologies require highly concentrated solar power to operate in the temperature range 300-600 °C. Here, thin films of refractory plasmonic TiN cylindrical nanocavities manufactured via flexible and scalable process are presented. The fabricated TiN films show polarization-insensitive 95% broadband absorption in the visible and near-infrared spectral ranges and act as plasmonic "nanofurnaces" capable of reaching temperatures above 600 °C under moderately concentrated solar irradiation (∼20 Suns). The demonstrated structures can be used to control nanometer-scale chemistry with zeptoliter (10<sup>-21</sup> L) volumetric precision, catalyzing C-C bond formation and melting inorganic deposits. Also shown is the possibility to perform solar thermal CO oxidation at rates of 16 mol h<sup>-1</sup> m<sup>-2</sup> and with a solar-to-heat thermoplasmonic efficiency of 63%. Access to scalable, cost-effective refractory plasmonic nanofurnaces opens the way to the development of modular solar thermal devices for sustainable catalytic processes.
Analysis of packet loss for compressed video: does burst-length matter? (2004)

Video communication is often afflicted by various forms of losses, such as packet loss over the Internet. The paper examines the question of whether the packet loss pattern, and in particular the burst length, is important for accurately estimating the expected mean-squared error distortion. Specifically, we (1) verify that the loss pattern does have a significant effect on the resulting distortion, (2) explain why a loss pattern, for example a burst loss, generally produces a larger distortion than an equal number of isolated losses, and (3) propose a model that accurately estimates the expected distortion by explicitly accounting for the loss pattern, inter-frame error propagation, and the correlation between error frames. The accuracy of the proposed model is validated with JVT/H.26L coded video and previous frame concealment, where for most sequences the total distortion is predicted to within /spl plusmn/0.3 dB for burst loss of length two packets, as compared to prior models which underestimate the distortion by about 1.5 dB. Furthermore, as the burst length increases, our prediction is within /spl plusmn/0.7 dB, while prior models degrade and underestimate the distortion by over 3 dB.
Holographic Image Projection with Phase Only Spatial Light Modulators via Non-Iterative CGH Computation Method (2015)

A holographic image projection system that uses a non-iterative method for encoding computer generated holograms (CGH) on a phase-only spatial light modulator (SLM) is proposed. In each video frame, the method perfectly reconstructs a 2-to-1 sub-sampled version of the image pixels (such as even indexed rows), while a correlated encoding noise is distributed over the remaining pixels. By altering the sub-sampling grid among even and odd rows and columns between frames, the encoding noise is smoothly distributed over the image area. Experimental results suggest that the slightly degraded image quality is acceptable for the benefits of system simplicity and low computational cost.
Speciation, physical and electrolytic properties of eutectic mixtures based on CrCl3·6H2O and urea (2014)

The electrodeposition of chromium is a technologically vital process, which is principally carried out using aqueous chromic acid. In the current study, it is shown that eutectic mixtures of urea and hydrated chromium(III) chloride provide a liquid which reduces the toxicological issues associated with the current aqueous Cr(VI) electroplating solution. Using EXAFS, mass spectrometry and UV-Vis spectroscopy, it is shown that chromium is present predominantly as a cationic species. Conductivities are higher than for most comparable ionic liquids. It is shown that the electrodeposition of chromium is electrochemically reversible, with a current efficiency much higher than in aqueous electrolytes. Surface tension and density measurements indicate that hole theory is a valid model to describe transport properties in these liquids. Bulk Cr deposits are not macrocrystalline but they are generally crack-free. The deposits have a hardness of 600 ± 10 Vickers and, as such, are comparable to deposits from aqueous systems.
Registration of a Tufted-Naked Seed Upland Cotton Germplasm, 9023n<sub>4</sub> <sup>t</sup> (2013)

A tufted-naked cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) mutant, 9023n4t (Reg. No. GP-971, PI 667553) was developed from the cultivar SC 9023 (9023) (PI 590933) through chemical mutagenesis. Germplasm line 9023n4t was developed by the Department of Plant and Soil Science, Texas Tech University, and released in 2013. This mutant has reduced density of short fibers (fuzz) remaining attached to the seed after spinnable fibers lint, are removed, with only a small amount of fuzz attached to the micropylar end of the seed. In 1997, seed of 9023 was treated with 2.45% ethyl methane sulfonate (EMS). The treated seed was hand planted in the field at Lubbock, TX, in 1997. In 1999, one M3 plant was identified that produced seed with the tufted-naked trait. An M6:7 progeny uniform for the trait was identified in 2003 and designated as 9023n4t. During 2004 to 2007 and in 2011, the mutant, along with 9023 and USDA Cotton Collection accession 143 (n2n2) (PI 528543) and accession 243 (N1N1) (PI 528610), both having no fuzz remaining after removal of spinnable fibers, were tested in replicated tests. The lint percentage of 9023n4t was not significantly lower than that of the wild-type and was 39% higher than the lint percentage of accession 143 (n2n2) and 57% higher than accession 243 (N1N1). The mutant had 15% lower high volume instrument (HVI) short fiber content and 45% lower seed coat neps. Germplasm 9023n4t required less net energy to gin and ginned faster compared with some standard cotton cultivars.
Maximizing Ion Transmission in Differential Mobility Spectrometry (2017)

We provide modeling and experimental data describing the dominant ion-loss mechanisms for differential mobility spectrometry (DMS). Ion motion is considered from the inlet region of the mobility analyzer to the DMS exit, and losses resulting from diffusion to electrode surfaces, insufficient effective gap, ion fragmentation, and fringing field effects are considered for a commercial DMS system with 1-mm gap height. It is shown that losses due to diffusion and radial oscillations can be minimized with careful consideration of residence time, electrode spacing, gas flow rate, and waveform frequency. Fragmentation effects can be minimized by limitation of the separation field. When these parameters were optimized, fringing field effects at the DMS inlet contributed the most to signal reduction. We also describe a new DMS cell configuration that improves the gas dynamics at the mobility cell inlet. The new cell provides a gas jet that decreases the residence time for ions within the fringing field region, resulting in at least twofold increase in ion signal as determined by experimental data and simulations. Graphical Abstract ᅟ.
Design and testing of novel cytotoxic polyamine analogues. (1994)

We designed three polyamine analogues, 1,14-diamino-N5-methyl-5,10- diazatetradecane (5me-4-4-4), 1,14-diamino-N5,N5-dimethyl-5,10-diazatetradecane (Q-Amm-4-4-4), and 1,14-bis-(ethylamino)-N5,N5-dimethyl-5,10-diazatetradecane (BE-Q-Amm-4-4-4), on the basis of computer modeling and physical-chemical studies of polyamine-DNA interactions. These analogues differ from natural polyamines and from one another in the charge distribution on their aliphatic backbone. We found that 10 microM 5me-4-4-4 did not inhibit growth and was not cytotoxic to the human brain tumor cell lines SF-767 and SF-126. The same concentrations of Q-Amm-4-4-4 and BE-Q-Amm-4-4-4 inhibited cell growth and killed more than 90% of each cell type on day 7 of the experiment. BE-Q-Amm-4-4-4 was slightly more toxic than Q-Amm-4-4-4 in both cell lines. All three agents either decreased or completely depleted intracellular putrescine and spermidine. Q-Amm-4-4-4 and BE-Q-Amm-4-4-4 each also lowered spermine. The fact that 5me-4-4-4 was nontoxic but that Q-Amm-4-4-4 was cytotoxic and inhibited growth suggests that the charge distribution along the surface of the aliphatic backbone of polyamines is important in determining growth inhibition and cytotoxicity.
Nickel Catalyzed Olefin Oligomerization and Dimerization (2020)

Brought to life more than half a century ago and successfully applied for high-value petrochemical intermediates production, nickel-catalyzed olefin oligomerization is still a very dynamic topic, with many fundamental questions to address and industrial challenges to overcome. The unique and versatile reactivity of nickel enables the oligomerization of ethylene, propylene, and butenes into a wide range of oligomers that are highly sought-after in numerous fields to be controlled. Interestingly, both homogeneous and heterogeneous nickel catalysts have been scrutinized and employed to do this. This rare specificity encouraged us to interlink them in this review so as to open up opportunities for further catalyst development and innovation. An in-depth understanding of the reaction mechanisms in play is essential to being able to fine-tune the selectivity and achieve efficiency in the rational design of novel catalytic systems. This review thus provides a complete overview of the subject, compiling the main fundamental/industrial milestones and remaining challenges facing homogeneous/heterogeneous approaches as well as emerging catalytic concepts, with a focus on the last 10 years.
Synergistic enhancement of 5-fluorouracil cytotoxicity by deoxyuridine analogs in cancer cells (2015)

5-Fluorouracil (FU) is a halogenated nucleobase analog that is widely used in chemotherapy. Here we show that 5-hydroxymethyl-2'-deoxyuridine (hmUdR) synergistically enhances the activity of FU in cell lines derived from solid tumors but not normal tissues. While the cytotoxicity of FU and hmUdR was not directly related to the amount of the modified bases incorporated into cellular DNA, incubation with this combination resulted in dramatic increase in the number of single strand breaks in replicating cancer cells, leading to NAD-depletion as consequence of poly(ADP-ribose) synthesis and S phase arrest. Cell death resulting from the base/nucleoside combination did not occur by apoptosis, autophagy or necroptosis. Instead, the cells die via necrosis as a result of NAD depletion. The FU-related nucleoside analog, 5-fluoro-2'-deoxyuridine, also displayed synergy with hmUdR, whereas hmUdR could not be replaced by 5-hydroxymethyluracil. Among other 5-modified deoxyuridine analogs tested, 5-formyl-2'-deoxyuridine and, to a lesser extent, 5-hydroxy-2'-deoxyuridine, also acted synergistically with FU, whereas 5-hydroxyethyl-2'-deoxyuridine did not. Together, our results have revealed an unexpected synergistic interaction between deoxyuridine analogs and FU in a cancer cell-specific manner, and suggest that these novel base/nucleoside combinations could be developed into improved FU-based chemotherapies.
Microencapsulation of salts for enhanced thermochemical storage materials (2013)

Thermochemical storage is a new and emerging long-term thermal storage for residential use (cooling, heating & domestic hot water generation), offering high thermal storage density without the need for thermal insulation during storage (Fig. 1). However, existing materials for thermochemical storage either suffer from practical issues like limited physical and mechanical stability and severe corrosivity (salt hydrates), or thermal storage capacities that are too low to substantially cover seasonal storage adequately (zeolites and silicagel. To overcome the corrosion and stability problems with salt hydrate thermochemical materials and to make them more suitable for use in thermochemical reactor systems, microencapsulation is proposed. A suitable encapsulation material was assessed, having an open structure for good vapor transport, being capable of high loading fraction and therefore still a high storage density, and being flexible, stable and cheap. Initial experiments yield promising results on this material exhibiting high storage capacity, good reversibility and ease of use. Surprisingly, lower dehydration temperatures as compared to the non-encapsulated material were found, enabling the use of other salt hydrates with higher dehydration temperatures.
Semantically-Guided Representation Learning for Self-Supervised\n Monocular Depth (2020)

Self-supervised learning is showing great promise for monocular depth\nestimation, using geometry as the only source of supervision. Depth networks\nare indeed capable of learning representations that relate visual appearance to\n3D properties by implicitly leveraging category-level patterns. In this work we\ninvestigate how to leverage more directly this semantic structure to guide\ngeometric representation learning, while remaining in the self-supervised\nregime. Instead of using semantic labels and proxy losses in a multi-task\napproach, we propose a new architecture leveraging fixed pretrained semantic\nsegmentation networks to guide self-supervised representation learning via\npixel-adaptive convolutions. Furthermore, we propose a two-stage training\nprocess to overcome a common semantic bias on dynamic objects via resampling.\nOur method improves upon the state of the art for self-supervised monocular\ndepth prediction over all pixels, fine-grained details, and per semantic\ncategories.\n
Investigation of reverberation synthesized by electro-acoustic enhancement systems, from a subjective and physical acoustic standpoint (2002)

Current electro-acoustic enhancement technology enables wide control over concert hall acoustics. The goal of sound field synthesis in anechoic space is to reconstruct a specific sound field. However, applying acoustic enhancement technology to existing reverberant spaces is a less developed research direction. This presentation demonstrates a methodology of electro-acoustic enhancement using regenerative reverberation through SAAF (spatially averaged acoustic feedback), an acceptable variation of RT and SPL in enhanced acoustical conditions. That was presented by YAMAHA Acoustic Research Laboratories. SAAF technology can flatten amplitude peaks at the howling frequency of acoustical feedback loops by using time variant finite impulse response filters. Therefore it enables regeneration of reverberated sound by wide band feedback in frequency without coloration. This system has been applied to ‘‘negative absorption control’’ and loudness equalization of under-balcony seats in current concert halls, to optimize concert hall acoustics electronically instead of architecturally. Adjusted reverberation time in enhanced condition should be between 1.5 and 2.0 times higher than the natural RT (ex. RTon/Rtoff=1.8). The SPL increases about 1 dB to 3 dB based on measured results of more than 30 performing halls integrated with acoustic enhancement system in Japan. Examples of the major Japanese concert halls with acoustic enhancement systems are presented.
Contrasting Genetic Influence of <i>CCR2</i> and <i>CCR5</i> Variants on HIV-1 Infection and Disease Progression (1997)

The critical role of chemokine receptors (CCR5 and CXCR4) in human immunodeficiency virus-type 1 (HIV-1) infection and pathogenesis prompted a search for polymorphisms in other chemokine receptor genes that mediate HIV-1 disease progression. A mutation (CCR2-64I) within the first transmembrane region of the CCR2 chemokine and HIV-1 receptor gene is described that occurred at an allele frequency of 10 to 15 percent among Caucasians and African Americans. Genetic association analysis of five acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) cohorts (3003 patients) revealed that although CCR2-64I exerts no influence on the incidence of HIV-1 infection, HIV-1-infected individuals carrying the CCR2-64I allele progressed to AIDS 2 to 4 years later than individuals homozygous for the common allele. Because CCR2-64I occurs invariably on a CCR5-+-bearing chromosomal haplotype, the independent effects of CCR5-Delta32 (which also delays AIDS onset) and CCR2-64I were determined. An estimated 38 to 45 percent of AIDS patients whose disease progresses rapidly (less than 3 years until onset of AIDS symptoms after HIV-1 exposure) can be attributed to their CCR2-+/+ or CCR5-+/+ genotype, whereas the survival of 28 to 29 percent of long-term survivors, who avoid AIDS for 16 years or more, can be explained by a mutant genotype for CCR2 or CCR5.
A unique P‐region residue is required for slow voltage‐dependent gating of a G protein‐activated inward rectifier K+ channel expressed in Xenopus oocytes. (1996)

1. The structural determinants of a G protein-activated inwardly rectifying potassium channel, GIRK1 (KIR3.1), involved in voltage- and time-dependent gating properties were investigated by heterologous expression of chimeric constructs and point mutants in Xenopus oocytes. 2. Chimeras between GIRK1 and the weakly rectifying potassium channel, ROMK1 (KIR1.1), indicate that residues in the putative transmembrane segments TM1 and TM2 affect the steep inward rectification of GIRK1, while residues in the main pore-forming domain, the P-region segment, are critical for the manifestation of GIRK1 time-dependent activation. 3. Phenylalanine 137 in the P-region of GIRK1 is unique; in ROMK1, as in other inward rectifiers, there is a serine residue at this position. Mutation of the phenylalanine 137 to serine leads to expression of currents with nearly time-independent activation. 4. An acidic residue (aspartate) in TM2 partially controls the time- and voltage-dependent gating in IRK1 (KIR2.1). Mutation of the equivalent aspartate 173 to glutamine in GIRK1 did not abolish the time-dependent activation but did decrease the degree of inward rectification. 5. These results reveal an important role for the P-region in controlling the time-dependent gating of an inwardly rectifying potassium channel and suggest a close relationship between permeation and gating in this family of K+ channels.
Intragenic complementation among partial peptides of herpes simplex virus regulatory protein ICP4 (1989)

Peptides of the herpes simplex virus type 1 regulatory protein, ICP4, which are translated from genes containing nonsense and deletion mutations retain specific biochemical properties and activities characteristic of the intact ICP4 molecule (N. A. DeLuca and P. A. Schaffer, J. Virol. 62:732-743, 1988). Mutant viruses expressing these peptides are deficient for viral growth in the absence of complementing wild-type protein supplied in trans, indicating that the mutant peptides are not functionally complete. In the present study we have demonstrated that certain pairs of mutants expressing partial ICP4 peptides complement each other. The complementation is shown at the level of transcription and results in enhanced virus growth. Among complementing pairs of ICP4 mutants is a virus expressing a peptide deleted for codons 185 to 309 (d2) and a virus expressing only the amino-terminal 774 amino acids (n208). By using a mobility-shift assay and by taking advantage of the specific DNA-binding properties of ICP4, it was demonstrated that novel ICP4-containing DNA-protein complexes were found when extracts from cells coinfected with complementing pairs of ICP4 mutants were incubated with target DNA. The novel complexes were shown to be a function of both mutant peptides in the coinfected cell, suggesting that complementation results from the multimerization of partial ICP4 peptides.