gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Antifibrotic Activity of an Inhibitor of Group IIA Secretory Phospholipase A2 in Young Spontaneously Hypertensive Rats (2006)

The development of fibrosis in the chronically hypertensive heart is associated with infiltration of inflammatory cells and cardiac hypertrophy. In this study, an inhibitor of the proinflammatory enzyme, group IIA human secretory phospholipase A2 (sPLA2-IIA), has been found to prevent collagen deposition as an important component of cardiovascular remodeling in a rat model of developing chronic hypertension. Daily treatment of young male spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) with an sPLA2-IIA inhibitor (KH064, 5-(4-benzyloxyphenyl)-4S-(phenyl-heptanoylamino)-pentanoic acid, 5 mg/kg/day p.o.) prevented increases in the content of perivascular (SHR 20.6 +/- 0.9%, n = 5; SHR+KH064 14.0 +/- 1.2%, n = 5) and interstitial (SHR 7.9 +/- 0.3%, n = 6; SHR+KH064 5.4 +/- 0.7%, n = 6) collagen in the left ventricle of rat hearts, but did not affect numbers of infiltrating monocytes/macrophages, left ventricular hypertrophy (SHR 2.88 +/- 0.08, n = 12; SHR+KH064 3.09 +/- 0.08 mg/g body weight, n = 9), increased systolic blood pressure, or thoracic aortic responses. This selective antifibrotic activity suggests that sPLA2-IIA may have an important but specific role in cardiac fibrosis, and that its inhibitors could be useful in dissecting molecular pathways leading to fibrotic conditions.
Evaluation of a breast cancer risk prediction model expanded to include category of prior benign breast disease lesion (2010)

Although the current data suggested that the inclusion of BBD category may improve breast cancer risk classification, the clinical utility of such a model will depend on the consistency of histologic classification of benign breast disease lesions.
Performance comparison of two window flow control schemes with admission delay (2002)

A performance comparison of two window flow control schemes, e.g., the pacing and the sliding window protocols, over a virtual route network with an input queue included is presented. The input queue is introduced into the model to describe the waiting system where messages prevented from entering the network are stored in a first-come first-served manner. The model is shown to lead to a Markovian queuing system, which is solved through approximations by using the appropriate solution methods. The results indicate that the optimum window size that maximizes the power criterion is empirically determined and becomes nearly twice the number of hops (nodes of the network). It is also indicated that, although the average number of messages in the network is higher for the pacing window case, when the input queue delay is taken into consideration the overall performance of the pacing window protocol is better than that of the sliding window.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Synthesis of Cu<sub>2</sub>ZnSnS<sub>4</sub> Nanocrystal Ink and Its Use for Solar Cells (2009)

Cu(2)ZnSnS(4) (CZTS) and Cu(2)ZnSnSe(4) (CZTSe) based solar cells are promising candidates for low cost solar cells due to the natural abundance and low toxicity of the constituent elements. Here, we present the first reported synthesis of colloidal CZTS nanocrystals using a simple solution-phase method. Solar cells fabricated using selenized CZTS nanocrystal inks had a power conversion efficiency of 0.74% under AM1.5G illumination.
The inclusion of anatomical constraints and anisotropy in three-dimensional electrical impedance tomography (2002)

Electrical impedance tomography (EIT) involves determining the electrical conductivity inside a biological body, given electrical impedance measurements along the surface of the body. The authors discuss the use of anatomical constraints in EIT algorithms and the subsequent inclusion of anisotropy. The techniques described in a previous paper (see ibid., vol. 15, p.806-7, 1993) for the 2-D case are expanded here to include 3-D cases. A formulation for the 3-D case along with test results is presented.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Ferrule-top atomic force microscope (2010)

Ferrule-top cantilevers are a new generation of all-optical miniaturized devices for utilization in liquids, harsh environments, and small volumes [G. Gruca et al., Meas. Sci. Technol. 21, 094033 (2010)]. They are obtained by carving the end of a ferruled fiber in the form of a mechanical beam. Light coupled from the opposite side of the fiber allows detection of cantilever deflections. In this paper, we demonstrate that ferrule-top cantilevers can be used to develop ultra compact AFMs for contact mode imaging in air and in liquids with sensitivity comparable to that of commercial AFMs. The probes do not require any alignment procedure and are easy to handle, favoring applications also outside research laboratories.
The Influence of Water on the Fracture of Magnesium Aluminate (MgAl <sub>2</sub> O <sub>4</sub> ) Spinel (2005)

The influence of water on the fracture of magnesium aluminate (MgAl 2 O 4 ) ceramics and spinel single crystals is investigated in order to determine whether adsorption plays an important role during subcritical crack growth as it does for MnZn ferrites, a compound with the same spinel structure. The fracture toughness of porous and dense polycrystalline ceramic and single crystal specimens are determined using a single edge notched beam setup at different crosshead velocities and humidities. Furthermore, in order to investigate whether a preferred plane of fracture is present, electron backscattered diffraction (EBSD) has been performed. It is found that the fracture toughness decreases with increasing humidity for dense ceramics, indicating that adsorption plays an important role as it does for MnZn ferrites. However, porous ceramics only show a sharp decrease between 0% and 2–10% relative humidity (RH) and hardly decreases onwards. This implies that the pores inhibit in some way the effect of adsorption during fracture. The exact mechanism remains unclear. EBSD measurements indicated that a preferred plane is absent. Therefore, the fracture of spinel single crystal along the (100) and (111) planes was chosen for further detailed investigation. It is revealed that between 2% and 40% RH both planes show a reduction in fracture surface energy of ∼46%. Using reported computer simulations results, it can be concluded that the surfaces are partially hydrated when being fractured.
A computerized bucking trainer for optimally bucking hardwoods (2000)

The bucking of hardwood stems constitutes the initial manufacturing decision for hardwood lumber production.Each bucking cut creates a log of fixed grade and scale. The grade and scale of each log created by the buckerdetermines the quantity and quality of potential lumber, which determines the value of the log within a givenmarket. As a result, bucking decisions significantly influence the profitability of the harvesting enterprise andultimately the efficiency of hardwood resource utilization. Poor choices of bucking cut locations with respect tothe log shape, size and defect pattern irreversibly reduce value, profit and efficiency. Within a holistic discus-sion on felling and bucking hardwoods, F.J. Petro (1975) addresses bucking techniques which may be imple-mented in order to improve log value and operation profitability. In several chapters, he details the practices ofjump butting and jump cutting, defect identification, manufacturing to reduce sweep and crook, and bucking forgrade. Through the application of these techniques, optimum logs may be produced and substantial improve-ments in profitability may be realized.More recently, work has been done in both the softwood and hardwood fields that investigates the optimizationof stem utilization in concert with earlier log value improvement methods. For any given stem there exists oneor more patterns of bucking cuts that will generate the maximum potential total value of logs for a specifiedmarket, under a specified set of grading and scaling rules. Evaluation of the entire stem in order to identify thisvalue optimization pattern of cuts is referred to as optimal bucking or near-optimal bucking. In studies done onHardwood Symposium Proceedings 11 May 11-13, 2000
Multi-group ML Decodable Collocated and Distributed Space Time Block Codes (2007)

In this paper, collocated and distributed space-time block codes (DSTBCs) which admit multi-group maximum likelihood (ML) decoding are studied. First the collocated case is considered and the problem of constructing space-time block codes (STBCs) which optimally tradeoff rate and ML decoding complexity is posed. Recently, sufficient conditions for multi-group ML decodability have been provided in the literature and codes meeting these sufficient conditions were called Clifford Unitary Weight (CUW) STBCs. An algebraic framework based on extended Clifford algebras is proposed to study CUW STBCs and using this framework, the optimal tradeoff between rate and ML decoding complexity of CUW STBCs is obtained for few specific cases. Code constructions meeting this tradeoff optimally are also provided. The paper then focuses on multi-group ML decodable DSTBCs for application in synchronous wireless relay networks and three constructions of four-group ML decodable DSTBCs are provided. Finally, the OFDM based Alamouti space-time coded scheme proposed by Li-Xia for a 2 relay asynchronous relay network is extended to a more general transmission scheme that can achieve full asynchronous cooperative diversity for arbitrary number of relays. It is then shown how differential encoding at the source can be combined with the proposed transmission scheme to arrive at a new transmission scheme that can achieve full cooperative diversity in asynchronous wireless relay networks with no channel information and also no timing error knowledge at the destination node. Four-group decodable DSTBCs applicable in the proposed OFDM based transmission scheme are also given.
Isocitrate Lyase Activity Is Required for Virulence of the Intracellular Pathogen <i>Rhodococcus equi</i> (2005)

Rhodococcus equi is an important pathogen of foals, causing severe pyogranulomatous pneumonia. Virulent R. equi strains grow within macrophages, a process which remains poorly characterized. A potential source of carbon for intramacrophage R. equi is membrane lipid-derived fatty acids, which following beta oxidation are assimilated via the glyoxylate bypass. To assess the importance of isocitrate lyase, the first enzyme of the glyoxylate bypass, in virulence of a foal isolate of R. equi, a mutant was constructed by a strategy of single homologous recombination using a suicide plasmid containing an internal fragment of the R. equi aceA gene encoding isocitrate lyase. Complementation of the resulting mutant with aceA showed that the mutant was specific for this gene. Assessment of virulence in a mouse macrophage cell line showed that the mutant was killed, in contrast to the parent strain. Studies in the liver of intravenously infected mice showed enhanced clearance of the mutant. When four 3-week-old foals were infected intrabronchially, the aceA mutant was completely attenuated, in contrast to the parent strain. In conclusion, the aceA gene was shown to be essential for virulence of R. equi, suggesting that membrane lipids may be an important source of carbon for phagocytosed R. equi.
Thoth-II (1987)

This paper describes a hypertext system — Thoth-II. This system provides a rich means for modeling semantic interconnections among texts. It allows a user to browse texts, exploring their relations with other texts. These relations are modeled by a directed graph. The texts are embedded in the graph. Connections among specified phrases in the text and the graph structure are automatically formed. In the browsing mode the user is presented with an interactive graphic display of the directed graph. In the text mode the user can use multiple windows to display and interact with the stored text.
Signal anomaly detection using modified CUSUM method (2003)

An important aspect of detection of anomalies in signals is the identification of changes in signal behavior caused by noise, jumps, changes in bandwidth, sudden pulses and signal bias. A methodology is developed to identify, isolate and characterize these anomalies using a modification of the cumulative sum (CUSUM) approach. The algorithm performs anomaly detection at three levels and is implemented on a general-purpose computer.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Pitch-informed solo and accompaniment separation towards its use in music education applications (2014)

We present a system for the automatic separation of solo instruments and music accompaniment in polyphonic music recordings. Our approach is based on a pitch detection front-end and a tone-based spectral estimation. We assess the plausibility of using sound separation technologies to create practice material in a music education context. To better understand the sound separation quality requirements in music education, a listening test was conducted to determine the most perceptually relevant signal distortions that need to be improved. Results from the listening test show that solo and accompaniment tracks pose different quality requirements and should be optimized differently. We propose and evaluate algorithm modifications to better understand their effects on objective perceptual quality measures. Finally, we outline possible ways of optimizing our separation approach to better suit the requirements of music education applications.
CAD-HOC: a CAD-Like tool for generating mobility benchmarks in ad-hoc networks (2003)

The paper addresses the problem of using unrealistic mobility scenarios for simulation of ad-hoc routing protocols. We present CAD-HOC, a cousin tool to Network Simulator (ns), which allows ad-hoc networking experimentation to be performed under visually realistic scenarios such as an airport or a bus terminal, buildings, highways and other facilities. CAD-HOC focuses on capturing the visual scenario and transforming it into mobility and connection benchmarks, which are subsequently fed to ns to drive simulation experiments. Generation of mobility and connection benchmarks is facilitated by allowing the users to choose from Brownian, Column, Pursue, and Nomadic models, or to specify user-defined movements. The tool also provides online analyses on ad-hoc mobility, ad-hoc connectivity and message complexity, which give an estimate of the overall ns simulation complexity, as the mobility scenario is built. Comparative simulation based on CAD-HOC generated scenarios raise several questions about the reliability of ns simulation results of ad-hoc routing protocols based on random, nonrealistic scenarios.
Structural aspects of the effectiveness of bisphosphonates as competitive inhibitors of the plant vacuolar proton-pumping pyrophosphatase (1999)

The bisphosphonates (general structure PO3-R-PO3) competitively inhibit soluble and membrane-bound inorganic pyrophosphatases (PPases) with differing degrees of specificity. Aminomethylenebisphosphonate (AMBP; HC(PO3)2NH2) is a potent, specific inhibitor of the PPase of higher plant vacuoles (V-PPase). To explore the possibility of constructing photoactivatable probes from bisphosphonates to label the active site of V-PPase we analysed the effects of different analogues on the hydrolytic and proton pumping activity of the enzyme. Bisphosphonates with a range of structures inhibited competitively and the effects on PPi hydrolysis correlated with the effects on proton pumping. Low-molecular-mass bisphosphonates containing hydrophilic groups (α-NH2 or OH) were the most effective, suggesting that the catalytic site is in a restricted polar pocket. Bisphosphonates containing a benzene ring were less active but the introduction of a nitrogen atom into the ring increased activity. Compounds of the general formula NH2(CH2)nC(PO3)2OH were more inhibitory than compounds of the H(CH2)nC(PO3)2NH2, NH2(CH2)nC(PO3)2NH2 or OH(CH2)nC(PO3)2NH2 series, with activity decreasing as n increased. A nitrogen atom in the carbon chain increased activity but activity was decreased by the presence of an oxygen atom. An analogue with a ring attached via a four-carbon chain, which included an amide linkage and a hydroxy group on the α-carbon atom, inhibited competitively (Ki = 62.0 µM), suggesting that it may be possible to design bisphosphonate inhibitors which contain a photoactivatable azido group for photoaffinity labelling of V-PPase active site.
Multi-Direction-Tunable Three-Dimensional Meta-Atoms for Reversible Switching between Midwave and Long-Wave Infrared Regimes (2016)

We introduce an electromechanically tunable metasurface composed of an array of three-dimensional nanosplit-rings for reversible and large-range changes of optical characteristics in infrared (IR) regime. When a current is induced or withdrawn, each nanosplit ring in the surface can deform in multi directions and consequently become a closed (OFF) or an open (ON) state. Theoretical and experimental results manifest that, as the metasurface is dynamically manipulated between the ON and OFF states, the corresponding resonance absorption will reversibly switch between the long wave (around 10.4 μm) and midwave (around 6.3 μm) IR regimes, two key IR spectral windows, and the reversible relative reflection changes can reach up to 95%.
Immunologic and Physical Characterization of Human Chorionic Gonadotropin (hCG) Secreted by Tumors (1973)

Plasma, urine and tumor extracts of patients with hCG-secreting tumors were examined for the presence of altered forms of hCG and its subunits by chromatography on a calibrated Sephadex G-100 column. Each eluate was radio-immunoassayed in homologous hCG, hCGα and hCGβ assays. All patients' tumors secreted intact hCG as the predominant form of that hormone. In addition, all patients had at least one of the hCG subunits readily detectable in urine and proportionally smaller amounts in plasma, possibly reflecting differences among the plasma half-lives of hCG and its subunits. Since subunits and other aberrant forms of hCG were present in both urine and plasma, the altered forms of hCG were not an artifact of excretion. Extracts of tumor tissue strongly suggested that altered forms of hCG arise during synthesis. Qualitative and quantitative differences of hCG and its subunits extracted from the primary tumor and its metastases suggest that in vivo cloning of tumor cells may occur.
A Driving Scheme for AMOLED Displays Based on Current Feedback (2006)

A scheme of driving AMOLED displays with amorphous silicon (a-Si) thin film transistors (TFTs) is presented. By exploiting current feedback, a transresistance amplifier as column driver, and an accelerating current pulse, the driving scheme provides fast programming and low sensitivity of OLED current to shift in V <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">T</sub> in a-Si TFTs. Prototypes of the pixel circuit and the transresistance amplifier were fabricated in an a-Si TFT process and a 0.8-mum 20-V CMOS technology. Measurements show less than 5% change in the OLED current for 2.5 V shift in V <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">T</sub> . Settling times smaller than 70 mus were achieved for programming currents as small as 100 nA
Near-patient test for nicotine and its metabolites in saliva to assess smoking habit (2000)

Smoking is a major risk factor for periodontal disease, causing bone and tooth loss. Effective management of many oral conditions requires accurate information about smoking. We describe a disposable, 10-min, near-patient saliva test to monitor cigarette smoking. A plastic device contains the dried reagents to measure nicotine and its metabolites by a colorimetric assay. The device can be used to give a semi-quantitative assessment of tobacco consumption by observing a colour change and comparing it to a reference chart. Alternatively, the test can be quantified by measuring the light absorbance with a colorimeter and determining the concentration of nicotine metabolites by reference to a cotinine standard. This method correlates with reported daily cigarette consumption (r=0.62, P<0.0001) and nicotine yield of cigarettes smoked (r=0.35, P<0.01) and compares favourably with cotinine, as measured independently by radioimmunoassay (r=0.57, P<0.005). The method provides a simple-to-use, inexpensive way of monitoring tobacco consumption in dental surgeries.
Artificially dried corn in cattle rations (2011)

With improved harvesting machinery, farmers tend to harvest grain earlier to prevent loss by lodging or inclement weather. This often results in grain being too high in moisture for normal storage, and means that it must be stored in an air-tight container or dried, if it is to enter normal storage. There are ways of drying grain with and without heated air.The corn was produced at the Courtland Irrigation Research Farm near Belleville. The drying was done by the University’s agricultural engineering department. All the corn came from the same field. Three lots of 10 heifer calves each were used. Sorghum silage was fed as the roughage and each animal received 1 pound of soybean oil meal daily. Minerals and salt were fed free choice.
Equilibration of 5-methyl-3-hexen-2-one and 5-methyl-4-hexen-2-one and of XCH2CH:CYZ/XCH:CHCHYZ pairs in general (1983)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTEquilibration of 5-methyl-3-hexen-2-one and 5-methyl-4-hexen-2-one and of XCH2CH:CYZ/XCH:CHCHYZ pairs in generalJack Hine and Shwn Meei LindenCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1983, 48, 4, 584–587Publication Date (Print):February 1, 1983Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 February 1983https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00152a034RIGHTS & PERMISSIONSArticle Views203Altmetric-Citations9LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (509 KB) Get e-Alerts Get e-Alerts