gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Amino acid substitutions at position 97 in HLA‐A2 segregate cytolysis from cytokine release in MART‐1/Melan‐A peptide AAGIGILTV‐specific cytotoxic T lymphocytes (1996)

CD8+ T lymphocytes recognize antigenic peptides presented by major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I molecules. Individual peptide termini appear to be fixed at the C- and N-terminal ends. In contrast, central peptide side chains residues may point in different directions and exhibit limited flexibility, dependent on the MHC class I structural variation. For instance, position 97 in HLA-A201 has been shown to shift individual peptide species into different coordinations, one oriented towards the peptide N terminus, or more towards the C-terminal end. The conformational shape of such non-anchor peptide residues may affect the affinity of MHC/peptide/TCR interaction, resulting in quantitative, or qualitative different T cell effector functions. To characterize the impact of different amino acid residues occupying position 97 in HLA-A2 on peptide binding and presentation to CTL, we generated a panel of mutated HLA-A2 molecules containing either M, K, T, V, G, Q, W, P or H at position 97. The HLA-A0201 presented melanoma-associated MART-1/Melan-A derived peptide AAGIGILTV was employed to assess the impact of such position-97 mutations on HLA-A2 in peptide binding measured in an HLA-A2 reconstitution assay and presentation to AAGIGILTV-specific polyclonal or clonal T lymphocytes as measured by cytotoxicity, or interferon (IFN)-gamma and granulocyte/ macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) secretion. The high-affinity AAGIGILTV peptide bound to all position-97 mutants, albeit with differential efficiencies, and elicited specific release of IFN-gamma and GM-CSF by CTL. CTL responses were triggered only by the HLA-A2 wild type, by HLA-A2-H97 (histidine position 97 mutant), and HLA-A2-W97. The HLA-A2-M97 presenting molecule elicited enhanced cytokine release and CTL effector functions by polyclonal and by clonal effector T cells. These results indicate that MHC class I-bound peptides can trigger specific cytokine release by effector T cells independently of their ability to induce cytolysis. We conclude that relatively minor changes in the MHC class I peptide binding groove, including substitutions at position 97, can affect recognition by antigen-specific T cells. Mutant MHC class I molecules, such as those described here, may act as partial peptide antagonists and could be useful for inducing T lymphocytes with qualitatively different effector functions.
New SiC 1200 V Power MOSFET & Compact 3.25 mOhm, 41 mm Power Module for Industrial Applications (2018)

For the first time, a new SiC chip and module combination is designed and characterized to offer optimal performance and cost. The chip is a 1200 V, 13 mOmega SiC MOSFET designed for a 1/2 bridge power module with a possible reduced number of individual gate resistors inside the module and improved immunity to shoot-through. The MOSFET die has a minimal increase in RDSON from 13 mOmega at 25 deg C to only 20-22 mOmega at 175 deg C, and low CRSS of 12pF. Under normal operating conditions and thermal environment defined in the manuscript, each SiC MOSFET die is capable of 100-140 A of current under normal operating conditions of TC from 25 deg C to 95deg C, TJmax of 175 deg C. In a 1/2 bridge configuration, using a TO247 with no Kelvin contact, total switching energy loss is a relatively temperature independent 2.6 mJ at 600 V, 80A, even though designed for < 30kHz. The compact 41mm module allows up to four MOSFETs per switch position, IDS rating of 340 A (approximately seven times higher than Si baseline modules) and lower RDSON (3.25 mOmega) than commercial SiC modules over twice its size.
ChemInform Abstract: 4‐Fluoropyrrolidine‐2‐carbonyl Fluorides: Useful Synthons and Their Facile Preparation with 4‐tert‐Butyl‐2,6‐dimethylphenylsulfur Trifluoride. (2011)

Abstract The fluorides can smoothly be converted into biologically interesting esters, amides, and nitriles.
Electrochemistry of Graphene (2015)

This chapter discusses the fundamental aspects of graphene electrochemistry that have been reported to date, and identifies where future efforts should be concentrated. It talks about some preparation methods, with specific emphasis on the various electrochemical routes that have been reported for graphene preparation. Even though the focus is specifically on graphene in the electrochemical context, the chapter presents a brief summary of the physical properties of graphene to explain the significance of this material for electrochemistry. It reviews electrochemical routes to graphene exfoliation. In order to utilize and exploit the unique properties of graphene for energy storage/conversion application, the double-layer or interfacial capacitance provides invaluable data to aid in the production of materials that will achieve the most promising structure and configuration for each particular application.
Characterization of a Membrane-Based, Electrochemically Driven Pumping System Using Aqueous Electrolyte Solutions (2005)

Electrokinetic flow provides a mechanism for a variety of fluid pumping schemes. The design and characterization of an electrochemically driven pump that utilizes porous carbon electrodes, iodide/triiodide redox electrolytes, and Nafion membranes is described. Fluid pumping by the cell is reversible and controlled by the cell current. Chronopotentiometry experiments indicate that the total available fluid that can be pumped in a single electrolysis without gas evolution is determined solely by the initial concentration of electrolyte and the applied current. The magnitude of the fluid flow at a given current is determined by the nature of the cation in the electrolyte and by the water absorption properties of the Nafion membrane. For 1 M aqueous electrolytes, pumping rates ranging from 1 to 14 microL/min were obtained for current densities of 10-30 mA/cm2 of membrane area. Molar volume changes for the I3-/I- redox couple and for the alkali cation migration contribute little to the observed volumetric flow rates; the magnitude of the flow is dominated by the migration-induced flow of water.
Role of Surface-Bound Intermediates in the Oxygen-Assisted Synthesis of Amides by Metallic Silver and Gold (2012)

A general mechanism for the oxygen-assisted synthesis of amides over metallic gold and silver surfaces has been derived from the study of acetaldehyde and dimethylamine in combination with previous work, allowing detailed comparison of the two surfaces' reactivities. Facile acetylation of dimethylamine by acetaldehyde occurs with high selectivity on oxygen-covered silver and gold (111) crystals via a common overall mechanism with different rate-limiting steps on the two metals. Adsorbed atomic oxygen activates the N-H bond of the amine leading to the formation of an adsorbed amide, which attacks the carbonyl carbon of the aldehyde, forming an adsorbed hemiaminal. Because aldehydes are known to form readily from partial oxidation of alcohols, our mechanism also provides insight into the related catalytic coupling of alcohols and amines. The hemiaminal β-H eliminates to form the coupled amide product. On silver, β-H elimination from the hemiaminal is rate-limiting, whereas on gold desorption of the amide is the slow step. Silver exhibits high selectivity for the coupling reaction for adsorbed oxygen concentrations between 0.01 and 0.1 monolayer, whereas gold exhibits selectivity more strongly dependent on oxygen coverage, approaching 100% at 0.03 monolayer. The selectivity trends and difference in rate-limiting steps are likely due to the influence of the relative stability of the adsorbed hydroxyl groups on the two surfaces. Low surface coverages of oxygen lead to the highest selectivity. This study provides a general framework for the oxygen-assisted coupling of alcohols and aldehydes with amines over gold- and silver-based catalysts in either the vapor or the liquid phase.
1742-P: Targeting the Low Molecular Weight Protein Tyrosine Phosphatase for Obesity-Associated Diabetes Therapy (2020)

Obesity-associated insulin resistance plays a central role in the pathogenesis of type 2 diabetes. A promising approach to decrease insulin resistance in obesity is to inhibit the protein tyrosine phosphatases that negatively regulate insulin receptor signaling. The low molecular weight protein tyrosine phosphatase (LMPTP), encoded by the ACP1 gene, acts as a critical regulator of insulin signaling by dephosphorylating the activation motif of the insulin receptor. Human genetics studies suggest that high LMPTP catalytic activity promotes diabetes and insulin resistance in obesity. We recently discovered that LMPTP is a critical promoter of insulin resistance in obesity through an action on the liver and that pharmacological inhibition of LMPTP reverses obesity-induced diabetes in mice. Here we report our progress in the development of a new chemical series of LMPTP inhibitors that is orally bioavailable and effective at treating disease in obese diabetic mice. Disclosure S.M. Stanford: None. M.A. Diaz: None. J.J. Zou: None. R.J. Ardecky: None. A. Pinkerton: None. N. Bottini: Research Support; Self; Eli Lilly and Company, Gilead Sciences, Inc., Kyowa Hakko Kirin Co., Ltd., Roche Pharma. Funding American Diabetes Association/Pathway to Stop Diabetes (1-15-INI-13 to S.M.S.); National Institutes of Health (R01DK106233)
Thermal tuning of fiber quarter-wave retarders for temperature compensation of fiber-optic current sensors (2013)

The fiber retarder of an interferometric fiber-optic current sensor is fine-tuned by controlled local heat treatment for temperature compensation of the Faraday effect. The retardation is determined from sensor scale factor measurement.
P1‐148: Progressive neurofibrillary degeneration does not induce loss of pyramidal neurons in the cortex of the novel transgenic rat model for human tauopathy (2010)

Neurofibrillary degeneration induced by misfolded protein tau and neuronal loss are considered to be major pathological hallmarks of Alzheimer disease (AD) and related human tauopathies. Both pathological features showed similar spatio-temporal distribution, however the issue whether tau neurodegeneration can induce neuronal death remain open. In the present study, we introduced novel transgenic rat model expressing human truncated tau with three repeat domains. Transgenic rats developed progressive age-dependent neurofibrillary degeneration in the rat brain isocortex. Neurofibrillary tangles (NFTs) satisfied several key histological criteria used to identify neurofibrillary degeneration in the human AD including argyrophilia, Congo red birefringence and Thioflavin S reactivity. NFTs were also identified with antibodies used to detect pathologic tau in human brain, including DC11, recognizing an abnormal tau conformation and antibodies that are specific for hyperphosphorylated tau protein. Moreover, transgenic rats developed extensive sarcosyl insoluble tau protein complexes consisting of hyperphoshorylated rat endogenous and truncated tau species. Furthermore, transgenic rats showed neuronal loss neither in the cortex nor in the hippocampus. These results suggest that progressive neurofibrillary degeneration induced by misfolded truncated tau does not cause neuronal loss in the brain of the novel transgenic rat model for human tauopathy.
Content and hierarchy in pixel-based methods for reverse engineering interface structure (2011)

The rigidity and fragmentation of GUI toolkits are fundamentally limiting the progress and impact of interaction research. Pixel-based methods offer unique potential for addressing these challenges independent of the implementation of any particular interface or toolkit. This work builds upon Prefab, which enables the modification of existing interfaces. We present new methods for hierarchical models of complex widgets, real-time interpretation of interface content, and real-time interpretation of content and hierarchy throughout an entire interface. We validate our new methods through implementations of four applications: stencil-based tutorials, ephemeral adaptation, interface translation, and end-user interface customization. We demonstrate these enhancements in complex existing applications created from different user interface toolkits running on different operating systems.
Nucleotide sequence and analysis of the gene in<i>Borrelia burgdorferi</i>encoding the immunogenic P39 antigen (1994)

The P39 antigen is a specific, highly conserved, and immunogenic protein of Lyme disease spirochetes, Borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato. The nucleotide sequence of the gene encoding this protein was determined and found to be the first of two tandemly arranged open reading frames located on the spirochete's chromosome. These two open reading frames were designated bmpA for the gene encoding P39 and bmpB for the gene encoding the putative protein ORF2 encoded by the second open reading frame. The nucleic acid sequence identity for the two open reading frames was 62% while their deduced amino acid sequences were 52% identical. Comparison to sequence data bases demonstrated that the deduced amino acid sequences of both P39 and ORF2 were homologous to TmpC, a putative outer or cytoplasmic membrane lipoprotein of the syphilis spirochete, Treponema pallidum.
Tissue ischemia measurement using induced current impedance spectroscopy: non-contact system design (2002)

Impedance spectroscopy is a promising method for tissue ischemia measurement. Ischemia alters physiological and biochemical tissue properties, which change tissue impedance. This can be detected and monitored using impedance spectroscopic measurement methods. The authors have developed a system for non-invasive ischemia measurements, based on injected current impedance spectroscopy. The overall goal of the present research is to develop a noninvasive, non-contact, fully-automated portable device for muscle tissue ischemia measurement, monitoring and imaging, based on induced current impedance spectroscopy. In the course of this research, the authors will develop models and implement a device that will use eddy current impedance spectroscopic techniques to measure the impedance of small volume samples of tissue. Here, the authors present the basic impedance spectroscopic principles, eddy current imaging fundamentals. The authors propose a basic system design, and discuss the major differences between induced and injected current impedance spectroscopy.
Li-Ion Electrolytes with Improved Safety and Tolerance to High-Voltage Systems (2013)

Given that lithium-ion (Li-ion) technology is the most viable rechargeable energy storage device for near-term applications, effort has been devoted to improving the safety characteristics of this system. Therefore, extensive effort has been devoted to developing nonflammable electrolytes to reduce the flammability of the cells/battery. A number of promising electrolytes have been developed incorporating flame-retardant additives, and have been shown to have good performance in a number of systems. However, these electrolyte formulations did not perform well when utilizing carbonaceous anodes with the high-voltage materials. Thus, further development was required to improve the compatibility. A number of Li-ion battery electrolyte formulations containing a flame-retardant additive [i.e., triphenyl phosphate (TPP)] were developed and demonstrated in high-voltage systems. These electrolytes include: (1) formulations that incorporate varying concentrations of the flame-retardant additive (from 5 to 15%), (2) the use of mono-fluoroethylene carbonate (FEC) as a co-solvent, and (3) the use of LiBOB as an electrolyte additive intended to improve the compatibility with high-voltage systems. Thus, improved safety has been provided without loss of performance in the high-voltage, high-energy system.
Chemistry and Biology of Curacin A (2004)

Many natural and synthetic compounds bind to tubulin, an ubiquitous globular protein that provides the building blocks for the cellular microtubule network that controls chromosome segregation during mitosis, vesicle movements, intracellular transport of organelles, ciliar and flagellar movement, and maintenance of cell shape. Since the isolation of the antimitotic marine natural product curacin A in 1994, synthetic work on this colchicine-site binding agent has been intense, but only recently have synthetic derivatives been identified that match its potency for tubulin polymerization inhibition and its high level of growth inhibition in cancer cell lines. In addition to several total synthesis efforts, combinatorial libraries were constructed using solution phase and fluorous scavenging approaches. Low water-solubility and lack of chemical stability represent strong detriments for the clinical development of curacin A, but synthetic analogs with improved bioavailability might ultimately probe the paradigm for anticancer efficacy of colchicine-site tubulin binding agents.
Predicting Transition in Turbomachinery—Part I: A Review and New Model Development (2004)

Here we report on an effort to include an empirically based transition modeling capability in a Reynolds Averaged Navier-Stokes solver. Well known empirical models for both attached- and separated-flow transition were tested against cascade data and found unsuitable for use in turbomachinery design. Consequently, a program was launched to develop models with sufficient accuracy for use in design. As a first step, accurate prediction of free stream turbulence development was identified as a prerequisite for accurate modeling. Additionally, a demonstrated capability to capture the effects of free stream turbulence on pre-transitional boundary layers became an impetus for the work. A computational fluid dynamics (CFD)-supplemented database of 104 experimental cascade cases was constructed to explore the development of new correlations. Dimensional analyses were performed to guide the work, and appropriate non-dimensional parameters were then extracted from CFD predictions of the laminar boundary layers existing on the airfoil surfaces prior to either transition onset or incipient separation. For attached-flow transition, onset was found to occur at a critical ratio of the boundary-layer diffusion time to a time scale associated with the energy-bearing turbulent eddies. In the case of separated-flow transition, it was found that the length of a separation bubble prior to turbulent reattachment was a simple function of the local momentum thickness at separation and the overall surface length traversed by a fluid element prior to separation. Both the attached- and separated-flow transition models were implemented into the design system as point-like trips.
31‐3: Multi‐Primary Wide‐Gamut Color Systems (2022)

Use of a Yxy encoding system is explained, demonstrating that a multi‐primary system can leverage existing standards/practices and not only coexist with RGB, but also enable a variety of types of multi‐primary displays without locking display manufacturers into a display standard. We call this approach the Full Color Range (FCR) system.
The missing link: Unlocking the power of cardiac rhythm monitoring device based QT interval detection (2021)

Long-term monitoring of QT intervals using ICM is feasible. Proof of concept development and validation of an ICM QT algorithm reveals a high degree of accuracy between algorithm and manually derived QT intervals.
An enantioselective synthesis of R-(+)-α-lipoic acid (1990)

R-(+)-α-Lipoic acid (1), [α]D+107°, has been prepared in a six-step enantioselective synthesis from 6-bromohex-1-ene; the enantioselectivity is controlled by a Sharpless asymmetric epoxidation of the intermediate allyl alcohol (2).
A multichannel acoustic echo canceler double‐talk detector based on a normalized cross‐correlation matrix (2002)

Abstract Multichannel acoustic echo cancellation is basically composed of two parts. One part is a multichannel system identification problem which is nontrivial to solve. The other part, which is also nontrivial, is the so‐called double‐talk detection problem. Near‐end speech detection is based on a test statistic. Recently, a new double‐talk test statistic based on the normalized cross‐correlation vector was proposed For the single‐channel case. Obviously, in the multichannel case, there are several solutions, but what should be the optimal one is not yet known. Then, a fundamental question arises: how do we deal optimally with multiple channels? In this paper, we generalize the idea of normalized cross‐correlation vector (single‐channel) to the matrix case (multichannel), derive a frequency‐domain version, and show how to combine both the multichannel frequency‐domain adaptive filter and the multichannel double‐talk detector.
Noise Properties Of A Kinestatic Charge Detector (1988)

Recent breakthroughs in electronic detector technology have allowed digital radiographic images to become competitive with, or superior to, those produced with classical film-screen techniques. A summary of these technologies is given in ref. 1. Our group is involved in the research and development of a recently proposed imaging technology (2,3) based on the kinestatic charge detector (KCD). The modulation transfer function (MTF) of the KCD technique has been discussed in refs. 1 and 4. The low frequency detective quantum efficiency (DO(0)) of several KCD designs has been modeled and a value of approximately 0.75 is expected for future detectors (1,5). In this paper, the noise power spectrum (NPS) and the frequency-dependent DOE (MEM) are discussed. Noise contributions from x-ray quanta (random and structured) and data acquisition electronics are considered and preliminary experimental results are given for a recently installed imaging detector. A brief comparison is made of our theoretical and experimental results with published results for film-screen radiography.
Experimental high precision profilometry of high aspect ratio samples (2002)

Topographic features on the surface of samples can be imaged by using a wide variety of profilometry methods. Scanning Probe Microscopy (SPM) comprises a group of profilometry methods that are often used for high precision, nano-scale, short range 3-D imaging. SPM can be used on a wide variety of surface types, with possible atomic resolution, relying on many physical phenomena such as inter-atomic forces, tunneling currents, capacitive and magnetic fields. The intrinsic difficulties that arise when imaging high aspect ratio surfaces-such as field emission probes, SPM probes and other "sharp and tall" micro-structures-with scanning probe profilers are mostly related to (1) image convolution, (2) sample-probe relative orientation, (3) piezo-scanner vertical range, (4) scanning-induced wear of probe and sample and (5) the location and engagement of the target feature. In this paper we discuss these practical difficulties in the imaging of high aspect ratio features and we offer some solutions.
Clinical and molecular analysis of a pedigree of southern Italian ancestry with spinocerebellar ataxia type 2 (1997)

We describe patients from five generations of a pedigree with mutations in the spinocerebellar ataxia type 2 gene (SCA2). The predominant clinical features observed included both appendicular and truncal ataxia, dysarthria, slowness of saccades, and impaired optokinetic responses. Successive generations demonstrated both earlier ages of onset as well as increasing numbers of trinucleotide repeat sequences. The signs found in this family are compared with the description of other families with SCA2 as well as with other types of dominantly inherited spinocerebellar ataxias.