gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Three Years Experience with Absorbable Mesh in Single-Stage Breast Reconstruction (2015)

PURPOSE: The current state of healthcare in the United States mandates elimination of unnecessary costs while increasing efficiency in patient care. Traditional implant-based breast reconstruction encompasses multiple stages, and the use of acellular dermal matrix (ADM), both of which significantly increase the cost of care. Immediate single-stage direct-to-implant (DTI) breast reconstruction is an efficient reconstructive method. The senior author (WGA) has used absorbable knitted mesh (Vicryl™ - polyglactin 910) as an inferior pole sling in DTI breast reconstruction since 2011. We report 3 years of outcomes and cost savings data using this material. METHODS: All patients who underwent DTI since we started using mesh in 2011 were entered retrospectively into our database. Patients included in the analysis are from 2011 through December 2014. Information captured includes demographics, intra-operative details, post-operative data (including complications), cancer-related therapies, and comorbidities. Stata/IC 13.1 was used for statistical analysis. RESULTS: DTI was performed on 155 patients (56 unilateral, 99 bilateral; 254 breasts). A representative patient is shown in Figure 1 (pre-op) and Figure 2 (post-op). Mean age was 51.9 years (range 24-79.8 years). Mean post-op time was 25.2 months. Prophylactic mastectomy rate was 39.4%. Percentage of irradiated breasts (pre- or post-operative) was 28.4%. Infection rate was 1.6% (n = 4 breasts). Five implants (2%) were exposed (3 were salvaged). Seven implants (2.8%) were removed. Ten breasts (3.9%) had capsular contracture (5 had additional surgery: 2 flaps, 3 capsulotomy/capsulectomy with implant exchange). Capsular contracture was significantly greater in irradiated breasts (11.1% vs 1.1%, p = 0.0002). Material cost savings using mesh over ADM was greater than $585,000.Figure 1: Pre-operative.Figure 2: Post-operative – 31 months after bilateral DTI with implants and absorbable mesh.CONCLUSION: We have 3 years of experience using absorbable knitted mesh for DTI. We continue to maintain a low complication rate and a high level of patient and surgeon satisfaction with aesthetic outcomes. In addition, we have achieved substantial efficiency and cost reduction in comparison to the use of ADM.
The Effects of Treatment with Interleukin-1α on Platelet Recovery after High-Dose Carboplatin (1993)

Interleukin-1 alpha can accelerate the recovery of platelets after high-dose carboplatin therapy and may be clinically useful in preventing or treating thrombocytopenia induced by chemotherapy.
Low k, Porous Methyl Silsesquioxane and Spin-On-Glass (1999)

Low dielectric constant, porous silica was made from commercially available methyl silsesquioxane (MSQ) by the addition of a sacrificial polymer, substituted norbornene polymer containing triethoxysilyl groups (NB), to the MSQ. The silsesquioxane‐NB polymer film mixture was thermally cured followed by decomposition of the NB at temperatures above . The dielectric constant of the MSQ was lowered from 2.7 to 2.3 by creating pores in the MSQ. The voids created in the MSQ exhibited a closed‐pore structure. The concentration of NB in the MSQ affected the number of pores but not their size. Porous films were also created in a methyl siloxane spin‐on‐glass and its dielectric constant was lowered from 3.1 to 2.7. Infrared spectroscopy was used to follow the curing of the MSQ and decomposition of the NB. ©1999 The Electrochemical Society
Properties of Polypropylene Fiber Reinforced Concrete (1993)

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Mound Facility explosives incinerator (2023)

The design and performance of small incinerators used at the Mound Laboratory for the disposal of explosives are described. These units, which cost less than $1000 each, are about the size of a 55-gal drum, have water jackets for cooling, and have provided a flexible, efficient, and clean burning explosives disposal unit. (LCL)
Novel role for anti-Müllerian hormone in the regulation of GnRH neuron excitability and hormone secretion (2016)

Anti-Müllerian hormone (AMH) plays crucial roles in sexual differentiation and gonadal functions. However, the possible extragonadal effects of AMH on the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis remain unexplored. Here we demonstrate that a significant subset of GnRH neurons both in mice and humans express the AMH receptor, and that AMH potently activates the GnRH neuron firing in mice. Combining in vivo and in vitro experiments, we show that AMH increases GnRH-dependent LH pulsatility and secretion, supporting a central action of AMH on GnRH neurons. Increased LH pulsatility is an important pathophysiological feature in many cases of polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), the most common cause of female infertility, in which circulating AMH levels are also often elevated. However, the origin of this dysregulation remains unknown. Our findings raise the intriguing hypothesis that AMH-dependent regulation of GnRH release could be involved in the pathophysiology of fertility and could hold therapeutic potential for treating PCOS.
FDG-PET after two cycles of chemotherapy predicts treatment failure and progression-free survival in Hodgkin lymphoma (2005)

Risk-adapted lymphoma treatment requires early and accurate assessment of prognosis. This investigation prospectively assessed the value of positron emission tomography with 2-[18F]fluoro-2-deoxy-D-glucose (FDG-PET) after two cycles of chemotherapy for prediction of progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) in Hodgkin lymphoma (HL). Seventy-seven consecutive, newly diagnosed patients underwent FDG-PET at staging, after two and four cycles of chemotherapy, and after completion of chemotherapy. Median follow-up was 23 months. After two cycles of chemotherapy, 61 patients had negative FDG-PET scans and 16 patients had positive scans. Eleven of 16 FDG-PET-positive patients progressed and 2 died. Three of 61 FDG-PET-negative patients progressed; all were alive at latest follow-up. Survival analyses showed strong associations between early FDG-PET after two cycles and PFS (P < .001) and OS (P < .01). For prediction of PFS, interim FDG-PET was as accurate after two cycles as later during treatment and superior to computerized tomography (CT) at all times. In regression analyses, early interim FDG-PET was stronger than established prognostic factors. Other significant prognostic factors were stage and extranodal disease. Early interim FDG-PET is a strong and independent predictor of PFS in HL. A positive early interim FDG-PET is highly predictive of progression in patients with advanced-stage or extranodal disease.
GIS-based landslide susceptibility model considering effective contributing area for drainage time (2017)

This study employed GIS modelling to ascertain landslide susceptibility on Mt. Umyeon, south of Seoul, South Korea. In this study, an effective contributing area (ECA) for certain drainage time was purposed as a temporal causative factor and then used for modelling in combination with spatial causative factors such as elevation, slope, plan curvature, drainage proximity, forest type, soil type and geology. Landslide inventory map of 163 landslide locations was prepared using aerial photographic interpretation and field verifications after that digitized using GIS environment in 1:5000 scale. A presence-only-based maximum entropy model was used to establish and analyse the relationship between landslides and causative factors. Before final modelling, a jackknife test was performed to measure the variable contributions, which showed that the slope was the most significant spatial causative factor, and ECA with a drainage time of 12 h was the most significant temporal causative factor. The performances of the final models, with and without significant ECA, were assessed by plotting a receiver operating characteristic curve to be 75.5 and 81.2%, respectively.
The identification of hydroxymethyluracil in DNA of<i>Trypanosoma brucei</i> (1993)

We have previously reported the detection of two unusual nucleotides, pdJ and pdV, in the DNA of Trypanosoma brucei (Gommers-Ampt et al., 1991). pdJ was found to be a novel nucleotide and is possibly involved in the regulation of variant specific surface antigen gene expression in trypanosomes. Recent evidence suggests that V could be a precursor of J, making V a key compound in the study of the biosynthesis and function of J. We have therefore determined the structure of V and here we present proof that V is HOMeU. The identity is based on a detailed comparison of dV(p) with authentic HOMedU(p), showing: I) co-migration in three different liquid chromatography analyses II) identical UV absorbance characteristics III) identical behavior in acetyl-pentafluorobenzyl derivatization and subsequent Gas chromatography/Mass spectrometry (GC/MS). The GC/MS technique has not been used before to analyse HOMedU purified from biological material. Because of its high sensitivity, it may also be useful for the detection of the low amounts of HOMedU resulting from oxidative damage of DNA.
Prospects for a Mucoid Exopolysaccharide Vaccine for the Prevention of Infection Due to Mucoid Strains of Pseudomonas aeruginosa1 (2015)

The problem of infection with MPA is virtually limited to pulmonary infection in patients with CF. Conventional vaccine strategies may not be appropriate because the pathogenesis and epidemiology of the infection is so different from the usual acute bacterial infections. MPA strains appear to be suited to long-term parasitism of immune hosts so initial prevention of colonization may be a necessary function of a vaccine. Since infected hosts have antibody to many antigenic components of PA, vaccines which have been used for PA up until now may not have any protective effect for patients with CF. If the switch from NMPA to MPA colonization in vivo is due to the development of host immunity, some vaccines could conceivably promote infection with MPA. A vaccine which produces antibody to the alginate-like mucoid exopolysaccharide might, however, discourage colonization with MPA and studies of this strategy should be promoted.
Repression of estrogen-dependent stimulation of the oxytocin gene by chicken ovalbumin upstream promoter transcription factor I. (1994)

The orphan receptor chicken ovalbumin upstream promoter transcription factor I (COUP-TF I) fully prevented not only the activation of the oxytocin gene by retinoic acid and thyroid hormone but also completely repressed the estrogen-dependent stimulation in transfected P19 EC cells. DNase I footprinting showed that the COUP-TF I protein bound to the 5'-flanking region of the oxytocin gene at the site of the distal composite hormone response element, which mediates the responses to estrogen, retinoic acid, and thyroid hormone. Electrophoretic mobility shift assay using this composite hormone response element as probe showed that COUP-TF I and the estrogen receptor competed for binding but did not form a heterodimer. The binding by COUP-TF I was stronger than the binding of the estrogen receptor. Thus, the mechanism of repression involves occupancy of integrated binding sites. By mutagenesis of the composite hormone response element, the COUP-TF I binding site and the estrogen response element could be separated, resulting in functional dissociation of the repressive action of COUP-TF I and the induction by estrogen. The results show that repression of gene expression by COUP-TF I is not limited to receptors that act through heterodimerization but also extends to the homodimer-forming estrogen receptor in a context-dependent manner. This interaction between COUP-TF I and the estrogen receptor may provide a physiological mechanism of selective antagonism of gene regulation by estrogens.
Agrobacterium-mediated vacuum infiltration and floral dip transformation of rapid-cycling Brassica rapa (2019)

A genetic transformation system for RCBr was established in this study. This will promote development of new biology teaching tools as well as basic biology research on Brassica rapa.
Advancement in Microstrip Antennas with Recent Applications (2013)

The book discusses basic and advanced concepts of microstrip antennas, including design procedure and recent applications. Book topics include discussion of arrays, spectral domain, high Tc superconducting microstrip antennas, optimization, multiband, dual and circular polarization, microstrip to waveguide transitions, and improving bandwidth and resonance frequency. Antenna synthesis, materials, microstrip circuits, spectral domain, waveform evaluation, aperture coupled antenna geometry and miniaturization are further book topics. Planar UWB antennas are widely covered and new dual polarized UWB antennas are newly introduced. Design of UWB antennas with single or multi notch bands are also considered. Recent applications such as, cognitive radio, reconfigurable antennas, wearable antennas, and flexible antennas are presented. The book audience will be comprised of electrical and computer engineers and other scientists well versed in microstrip antenna technology.
Phase calibration of a 2 by 2 phased array GPS antenna (2003)

A phase calibration of a 2 by 2 phased array GPS passive antenna mounted on two ground planes was conducted in an anechoic chamber. A data acquisition system and digital signal-processing algorithm were used to analyze the measured data. One ground plane is a small circular disk. The other is a large rolled edge ground plane. The phase shifts between antenna elements was as expected from the path difference calculation. The results suggested that the small circular disk might exhibit some edge effects.
A GPS integrity channel based fault detection and exclusion algorithm using maximum solution separation (2002)

The paper presents a new GPS integrity channel (GIC) based fault detection and exclusion (GFDE) algorithm. The algorithm employs the maximum solution separation technique augmented by data broadcast over the GIC to ensure GPS integrity. Furthermore, GFDE improves on current snapshot RAIM techniques by reducing the effect of the accuracy and availability trade-off, thereby increasing system availability. After a brief description of the algorithm., the expected performance of GFDE is analyzed. Simulation results are presented which show availability that approaches the 0.99999 level required for sole means navigation for the enroute, terminal, and non-precision approach phases of flight over the conterminous United States ((CONUS).< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Thermal conductivity and thermal boundary resistance of atomic layer deposited high-<i>k</i> dielectric aluminum oxide, hafnium oxide, and titanium oxide thin films on silicon (2018)

The need for increased control of layer thickness and uniformity as device dimensions shrink has spurred increased use of atomic layer deposition (ALD) for thin film growth. The ability to deposit high dielectric constant (high-k) films via ALD has allowed for their widespread use in a swath of optical, optoelectronic, and electronic devices, including integration into CMOS compatible platforms. As the thickness of these dielectric layers is reduced, the interfacial thermal resistance can dictate the overall thermal resistance of the material stack compared to the resistance due to the finite dielectric layer thickness. Time domain thermoreflectance is used to interrogate both the thermal conductivity and the thermal boundary resistance of aluminum oxide, hafnium oxide, and titanium oxide films on silicon. We calculate a representative design map of effective thermal resistances, including those of the dielectric layers and boundary resistances, as a function of dielectric layer thickness, which will be of great importance in predicting the thermal resistances of current and future devices.
Resource allocation in a middleware for streaming data (2004)

Increasingly, a number of applications rely on, or can potentially benefit from, analysis and monitoring of <i>data streams.</i> To support processing of streaming data in a grid environment, we have been developing a middleware system called GATES (Grid-based AdapTive Execution on Streams). Our target applications are those involving high volume data streams and requiring distributed processing of data arising from a distributed set of sources.
Ischemic Cerebrovascular Disease (2001)

Abstract This book provides a comprehensive clinical review of the diagnosis and treatment of patients with ischemic cerebrovascular disease. The book includes chapters on the clinical features of transient ischemic attacks and ischemic stroke, risk factors, and evaluations. Additional chapters discuss causes of stroke including atherosclerosis, cardioembolism, non-atherosclerotic vasculopathies, and pro-thrombotic disorders. The causes of stroke in children and young adults are highlighted. The final section of the book includes chapters on therapies to prevent stroke, acute stroke treatment, general management of the patient with recurrent stroke, and rehabilitation. The volume is heavily referenced with an emphasis on recent publications so that the reader can pursue additional information about a topic. It also includes several tables and algorithms that should aid the clinician treating patients with cerebrovascular disease.
Metalloproteinases and Transforming Growth Factor-α Mediate Substance P-induced Mitogen-activated Protein Kinase Activation and Proliferation in Human Colonocytes (2004)

Substance P (SP) participates in acute intestinal inflammation via binding to the G-protein-coupled neurokinin-1 receptor (NK-1R) and release of proinflammatory cytokines from colonic epithelial cells. SP also stimulates cell proliferation, a critical event in tissue healing during chronic colitis, via transactivation of the epidermal growth factor (EGF) receptor (EGFR) and activation of mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK). Here we examined the mechanism by which SP induces EGFR and MAPK activation. We used non-transformed human NCM460 colonocytes stably transfected with the human NK-1R (NCM460-NK-1R cells) as well as untransfected U373 MG cells expressing high levels of endogenous NK-1R. Exposure of both cell lines to SP (10(-7) m) stimulated EGFR activation (1 min) followed by extracellular signal-regulated protein kinase (ERK1/2) activation (2-5 min). SP-induced ERK1/2 activation was blocked by pretreatment with the metalloproteinase inhibitor Batimastat/GM6001, the EGFR phosphorylation inhibitor AG1478, and the tumor necrosis factor-alpha-converting enzyme (TACE) inhibitor TAPI-1. Pretreatment with antibodies against potential EGFR ligands suggested that transforming growth factor-alpha (TGFalpha), but not the other EGFR ligands EGF, heparin-binding EGF, or amphiregulin, mediates SP-induced EGFR transactivation. SP stimulated TGFalpha release into the extracellular space that was measurable within 2 min, and this release was inhibited by metalloproteinase inhibitors and the TACE inhibitor TAPI-1. SP also induced MAPK-mediated cell proliferation that was inhibited by TACE, matrix metalloproteinase (MMP), EGFR, and MEK1 inhibitors. Thus, in human colonocytes, NK-1R-induced EGFR and MAPK activation and cell proliferation involve matrix metalloproteinases (most likely TACE) and the release of TGFalpha. These signaling mechanisms may be involved in the protective effects of NK-1R in chronic colitis.
Evidence for a vicious cycle of exercise and hypoglycemia in type 1 diabetes mellitus (2004)

Exercise is a cornerstone of diabetes management as it aids in glycemic control, weight management, reducing blood pressure, and improving the quality of life of patients. Unfortunately, owing to the complexity and difficulties of regulating exogenous insulin in a physiologic manner during exercise, physical activity often results in hypoglycemia in patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus (type 1 DM). When glucose levels fall below threshold glycemic levels, neuroendocrine, autonomic nervous system (ANS), and metabolic glucose counterregulatory mechanisms are activated. These hypoglycemic counterregulatory mechanisms in type 1 DM can be blunted irreversibly by disease duration or by acute episodes of prior stress. These reduced (or absent) counterregulatory responses result in a threefold increase in severe hypoglycemia when intensive glycemic control is implemented in type 1 DM. Much recent work has been focused on determining the in vivo mechanisms responsible for causing the increased incidence of severe hypoglycemia in type 1 DM. Studies from several laboratories have demonstrated the role played by episodes of antecedent hypoglycemia in producing blunted glucose counterregulatory responses during subsequent exposures of hypoglycemia. Until recently, the mechanisms responsible for exercise related hypoglycemia in type 1 DM have been attributed to relative or absolute increases of insulin levels or incomplete glycogen repletion after physical activity. Owing to the qualitative similarity of neuroendocrine, ANS, and metabolic responses to hypoglycemia and exercise, we have hypothesized that neuroendocrine and ANS counterregulatory dysfunction may also play an important role in the pathogenesis of exercise-related hypoglycemia in type 1 DM. Vicious cycles can be created in type 1 DM, where an episode of hypoglycemia or exercise can feed forward to downregulate neuroendocrine and ANS responses to a subsequent episode of either stress, thereby creating further hypoglycemia. This article will review the recent work that has studied the contribution of counterregulatory dysfunction to exercise-induced hypoglycemia in type 1 DM.
Investigating the Potential of Using the Spatial and Spectral Information of Multispectral LiDAR for Object Classification (2015)

The abilities of multispectral LiDAR (MSL) as a new high-potential active instrument for remote sensing have not been fully revealed. This study demonstrates the potential of using the spectral and spatial features derived from a novel MSL to discriminate surface objects. Data acquired with the MSL include distance information and the intensities of four wavelengths at 556, 670, 700, and 780 nm channels. A support vector machine was used to classify diverse objects in the experimental scene into seven types: wall, ceramic pots, Cactaceae, carton, plastic foam block, and healthy and dead leaves of E. aureum. Different features were used during classification to compare the performance of different detection systems. The spectral backscattered reflectance of one wavelength and distance represented the features from an equivalent single-wavelength LiDAR system; reflectance of the four wavelengths represented the features from an equivalent multispectral image with four bands. Results showed that the overall accuracy of using MSL data was as high as 88.7%, this value was 9.8%-39.2% higher than those obtained using a single-wavelength LiDAR, and 4.2% higher than for multispectral image.