gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A dose-volume histogram based decision-support system for dosimetric comparison of radiotherapy treatment plans (2015)

DDI provides a straightforward and non-subjective tool for dosimetric comparison of tentative radiotherapy plans. In particular, DDI readily quantifies differences among competing plans with similar-looking dose-volume histograms and can be easily implemented for any tumor type and localization, irrespective of the planning system and irradiation technique considered. Moreover, DDI permits to estimate the dosimetry impact of different priorities being assigned to sparing of organs at risk or to better target coverage.
Hardware Implementation of CMAC Type Neural Network on FPGA for Command Surface Approximation (2007)

The hardware implementation of neural networks is a new step in the evolution and use of neural networks in practical applications. The CMAC cerebellar model articulation controller is intended especially for hardware implementation, and this type of network is used successfully in the areas of robotics and control, where the real time capabilities of the network are of particular importance. The implementation of neural networks on FPGA's has several benefits, with emphasis on parallelism and the real time capabilities.This paper discusses the hardware implementation of the CMAC type neural network, the architecture and parameters and the functional modules of the hardware implemented neuro-processor.
A Study To Determine The Effectiveness Of Play With Toy?s In Pain Management For Children Under Going Some Selective Invasive Procedure In A Selected Private Hospital Of Kolkata (2018)

A study to determine the effectiveness of play with toys in pain management for children in some selective invasive procedure in a selected private hospital of Kolkata. ABSTRACT  Pain is a complex subjective & elusive phenomenon that presents special problems in assessment & management of children. Procedural pain in children had been included in a separate issues of pediatric pain management. Perhaps play have a special role in children’s pain management. Therefore an Quasi Experimental study was undertaken to determine the effectiveness of play with toys in pain management for children under going selective invasive procedure in a selected private hospital of Kolkata. 60 samples (30 for experimental & 30 for control group) who  belonged to the (2  -5 years) of age group and had undergone I/V canulisation were taken for the study. Non probability purposive sampling technique was used. Data were collected by using interview schedule & observation checklist of pain scale (Wong Baker’s Faces Pain Rating Scale). The tools were validated by 10 experts. Reliability of the tools were established by inter rater reliability method. The descriptive & inferential statistics were used for data analysis. The result revealed that 23.3% samples belonged to  (2.5 -3) years of age group. Most of the samples (60%) are girl child. Difference of after procedural pain score between  experimental & control group was calculated by independent ‘t’ test and ‘t’ value was significant ( t 58= 2.66, P Key Word – Play, Toys, Pain, Pain Scale, Children, Invasive Procedure, Effectiveness.
Detecting Critical Nodes for MANET Intrusion Detection Systems (2006)

Ad hoc routing protocols have been designed to efficiently reroute traffic when confronted with network congestion, faulty nodes, and dynamically changing topologies. The common design goal of reactive, proactive, and hybrid ad hoc routing protocols is to faithfully route packets from a source node to a destination node while maintaining a satisfactory level of service in a resource-constrained environment. Detecting malicious nodes in an open ad hoc network in which participating nodes have no previous security associations presents a number of challenges not faced by traditional wired networks. Traffic monitoring in wired networks is usually performed at switches, routers and gateways, but an ad hoc network does not have these types of network elements where the intrusion detection system (IDS) can collect and analyze audit data for the entire network. A number of neighbor-monitoring, trust-building, and cluster-based voting schemes have been proposed in the research to enable the detection and reporting of malicious activity in ad hoc networks. The resources consumed by ad hoc network member nodes to monitor, detect, report, and diagnose malicious activity, however, may be greater than simply rerouting packets through a different available path. This paper presents a method for determining conditions under which critical nodes should be monitored, describes the details of a critical node test implementation, presents experimental results, and offers a new approach for conserving the limited resources of an ad hoc network IDS
Coronary artery and saphenous vein graft remodeling: A review of histologic findings after various interventional procedures‐Part III (1996)

Catheter balloon angioplasty is a well accepted form of nonsurgical treatment of acutely and chronically obstructed coronary artery vessels. It is also the centerpiece for various new intervention techniques. Their morphologic effects on the site of obstruction has been termed "remodeling." Part III of this six-part series focuses on intimal proliferation and chronic recoil in patients undergoing previous remodeling techniques by balloon angioplasty.
BINDER CHARACTERIZATION AND EVALUATION. VOLUME 2: CHEMISTRY (1993)

Asphalts were separated into components by means of preparative ion exchange chromatography, preparative size exclusion chromatography, and other methods. Asphalt rheological properties were rationalized by chemical parameters such as molecular weight, molecular size distributions, and polarity factors. Analytical methods such as streamlined preparative size exclusion chromatography, supercritical fluid chromatography, and potentiometric titration were adapted for asphalt analysis. Results of a study of the mechanism of asphalt oxidation indicate that oxidative aging at service temperatures proceeds by some pathway other than a classical radical-chain. Extensive kinetic experiments at moderate temperatures and high partial pressures of oxygen show that the physical state of an asphalt affects the aging process, and that aging tests conducted at temperatures much greater than service temperature are likely yield results that do not correspond to actual field aging.
Synthesis of c-tilted AlN films with a good tilt and thickness uniformity (2011)

This communication describes a method for the deposition of thin piezoelectric AlN films with an inclined c-axis relative to the surface normal. Further, the tilt over the wafer is sufficiently uniform and exhibits a planar symmetry as well as good thickness uniformity. Careful control of both the nucleation and growth stages is needed to obtain tilted films with excellent quality. Thus in the nucleation state, it is argued that two independent mechanisms, namely seed layer texture and/or surface roughness, are mainly responsible for the subsequent titled growth. To achieve the latter, however, a certain directionality of the deposition flux is also necessary. The directionality of the deposition flux is achieved through the use of an array of linear magnetrons tilted under a certain angle with respect to the substrate normal.
Comparing Algorithms for Scenario Discovery (2008)

While attractive in many ways, traditional scenarios have lacked an appropriate analytic foundation for inclusion in quantitative decision analyses. In previous work, we have proposed to remedy this situation with a systematic, analytic process we call that has already proved useful in a wide variety of applications. This study aims to evaluate alternative algorithms needed to implement this novel scenario discovery task, in which users identify concise descriptions of the combinations of input parameters to a simulation model that are strongly predictive of specified policy-relevant results. This study offers three measures of merit -coverage, density, and interpretability and uses them to evaluate the capabilities of PRIM, a bump-hunting algorithm, and CART, a classification algorithm. The algorithms are first applied to datasets containing clusters of known and easily visualized shapes, then to datasets with unknown shapes generated by a simulation model used previously in a decision analytic application. We find both algorithms can perform the required task, but often imperfectly. The study proposes statistical tests to help evaluate the algorithms' scenarios and suggests simple modifications to the algorithms and their implementing software that might improve their ability to support decision analysis with this scenario discovery task.
Differentiation of Pluripotent Stem Cells into Retinal Pigmented Epithelium (2014)

Ocular diseases affect millions worldwide and dramatically influence the quality of life. Although much is known about ocular biology and disease pathologies, effective treatments are still lacking. The eye is well suited for application of emerging cell-based therapies. This chapter explores the development of stem cell-based treatments for age-related macular degeneration (AMD), a prevalent ocular disease in the elderly. Retinal pigmented epithelium (RPE), a cell type implicated in AMD, has been derived from both induced pluripotent stem cells and embryonic stem cells (ESC). Rapidly advancing research has generated various methods of RPE differentiation and several transplantation strategies. Clinical trials are already underway using suspensions of ESC-derived RPE and others are soon to follow. This chapter will provide an overview of current derivation and transplantation strategies for stem cell-derived RPE for the treatment of AMD and other related ocular diseases.
Effect of cloud polarization properties on target discrimination (2002)

The strong polarization signatures of many man-made surface targets suggest their use for detection and discrimination in satellite reconnaissance and surveillance. Since thin clouds on average cover more than 40% of the Earth's surface, they are likely to contribute frequently to the obscuration and apparent polarization of such targets. We have carried out theoretical calculations of cloud particle scattering functions in combination with Monte Carlo calculations of radiative transfer in clouds, in order to determine the polarization signatures of thin clouds as a function of the relative spatial orientations of the Sun, target, and detector, the cloud optical depth, the cloud particle phase (water or ice), and the electromagnetic wavelength. Our calculations of the scattering properties of individual cloud particles revealed situations in which the polarization of scattered, initially unpolarized, sunlight is very high. The theoretical cloud signatures were then combined with image polarization data for man-made surface targets and natural backgrounds in order to determine the consequences for the composite image with clouds of various optical depths. For the case investigated here we find that polarization signatures can be a useful discriminant for a surface target even when viewed through a cloud at optical depths as high as two.
Oxygen plasma etching resistance of plasma polymerized organometallic film (1989)

The oxygen plasma etching resistance of plasma polymerized organometalic film was measured. The films were deposited by downstream plasma deposition using gaseous mixtures of an organic monomer (C3H6) and a metal-containing monomer tetramethyltin or tetramethylsilane. By changing the flow-rate ratio of both monomers, the metal content of the film was reproducibly varied from 0% to 27%. It was found that the O2 reactive ion etching rate depended on metal content in polymer, discharge power density, and oxygen gas pressure. High oxygen plasma etching resistance was obtained for films which contained even a few percent of metal. From the results of electron spectroscopy for chemical analysis and Auger electron spectroscopy measurements, it was observed that the metal-oxidized layer was formed on the surface during oxygen plasma etching.
A Parallel Simulated Annealing Approach for the Mapping of Large Process Networks (2012)

We propose a parallel simulated annealing approach to solve a dataflow process network mapping problem, where a network of communicating tasks is mapped into a set of processors with limited resource capacities, while minimizing the overall communication bandwidth between processors. The speedups obtained using this approach enables us to solve problems with more than one thousand tasks, on up to 48 processors, in reasonable time. Results have been obtained by taking profit of the specific architecture of a Non-Uniform Memory Access (NUMA) computer.
<title>Symbology night vision goggles for combat aircraft</title> (1994)

Symbology night vision goggles (SNVGs) which can be worn by fast- jet aircrew have been developed and tested. The goggles are designed to be linked with a head tracker system and provide weapon aiming symbology with line-of-sight cueing, significantly enhancing both air to air and air to ground night operations. The SNVGs are compatible with NVG auto-separation systems. Flight trials have been conducted with favorable results. This work was sponsored under UK MOD Research Packages.
Isolation and characterization of the <i>secE</i> homologue gene of <i>Bacillus subtilis</i> (1993)

A 4.0 kb EcoRI fragment of Bacillus subtilis conferring thiostrepton resistance was cloned and characterized. By nucleotide sequencing of the relevant region, six open reading frames were established, which corresponded to a part of spo0H, a ribosomal protein gene (rpmG), an unidentified open reading frame (orfE), a transcription antiterminator gene nusG, and ribosomal protein genes rplK and rplA. The orfE-encoded 59-amino-acid polypeptide had a low, but significant, sequence similarity with the carboxy-terminal region of the Escherichia coli SecE protein. A cold-sensitive secE mutation of E. coli was complemented by the plasmid-borne orfE sequence. Furthermore, the normal processing of a proOmpA protein was observed when the secE cold-sensitive strain carried an orfE plasmid, indicating that orfE is the secE homologue of B. subtilis. The B. subtilis secE has only one transmembrane sequence compared to the three in E. coli.
Simple retrograde cerebral perfusion is as good as complex antegrade cerebral perfusion for hemiarch replacement (2018)

Cerebral complication is a major concern after aortic arch surgery, which may lead to death. Thus, cerebral protection strategy plays the key role to obtain respectable results in aortic arch repair. Deep hypothermic circulatory arrest was introduced in 1970s to decrease the ischemic insults to the brain. However, safe duration of circulatory arrest time was limited to 30 minutes. The 1990s was the decade of evolution for cerebral protection, in which two adjuncts for deep hypothermic circulatory arrest were introduced: retrograde and antegrade cerebral perfusion (ACP) techniques. These two cerebral perfusion techniques significantly decreased incidence of postoperative neurological dysfunction and mortality after aortic arch surgery. Although there are no large prospective studies that demonstrate which perfusion technique provide better outcomes, multiple retrospective studies implicate that ACP may decrease cerebral complications compared to retrograde cerebral perfusion (RCP) when a long circulatory arrest time is required during aortic arch reconstructions. To date, many surgeons favor ACP over RCP during a complex aortic arch repair, such as total arch replacement and hybrid arch replacement. However, the question is whether the use of ACP is necessary during a short, limited circulatory arrest time, such as hemiarch replacement? There is a paucity of data that proves the advantages of a complex ACP over a simple RCP for a short circulatory arrest time. RCP with deep hypothermic circulatory arrest is the simple, efficient cerebral protection technique with minimal interference to the surgical field-and it potentially allows to flush atheromatous debris out from the arch vessels. Thus, it is the preferred adjunct to deep hypothermic circulatory arrest during hemiarch replacement in our institution.
Clustering Optimisation Techniques in Mobile Networks (2016)

The use of mobile phones has exploded over the past years,abundantly through the introduction of smartphones and the rapidly expanding use of mobile data. This has resulted in a spiraling problem of ensuring quality of service for users of mobile networks. Hence, mobile carriers and service providers need to determine how to prioritise expansion decisions and optimise network faults to ensure customer satisfaction and optimal network performance. To assist in that decision-making process, this research employs data mining classification of different Key Performance Indicator datasets to develop a monitoring scheme for mobile networks as a means of identifying the causes of network malfunctions. Then, the data are clustered to observe the characteristics of the technical areas with the use of k-means clustering. The data output is further trained with decision tree classification algorithms. The end result was that this method of network optimisation allowed for significantly improved fault detection performance
Context-Aware System Applied in Industrial Assembly Environment (2012)

The objective of this paper is to present an ongoing development of a context-aware system used within industrial environments. The core of the system is so-called Cognitive Model for Robot Group Control. This model is based on well-known concepts of Ubiquitous Computing, and is used to control robot behaviours in specially designed industrial environments. By using sensors integrated within the environment, the system is able to track and analyse changes, and update its informational buffer appropriately. Based on freshly collected information, the Model is able to provide a transformation of high-level contextual information to lower-level information that is much more suitable and understandable for technical systems. The Model uses semantically defined knowledge to define domain of interest, and Bayesian Network reasoning to deal with the uncertain events and ambiguity scenarios that characterize our naturally unstructured world.
Reversible Concerted Ligand Substitution at Alternating Metal Sites in an Extended Solid (2007)

We report a synthetic material, [Co2(bipy)3(SO4)2(H2O)2](bipy) (CH3OH), (1, where bipy = 4,4'-bipyridyl) that contains discrete reactive and inert structural motifs that undergo a reversible substitution reaction involving the concerted and spatially controlled introduction of bipyridine and methanol molecules at the reactive sites. This reaction defines the pore geometry of the resulting open-framework structure and controls the manner in which this structure sorbs small molecules. The molecules involved in the reaction are positioned by an array of well-defined interactions during their path to binding to the metal centers.
Coded Modulation in Optical Communications (2011)

Coded modulation schemes for optical transport are reviewed and coding of 4-D constellations is discussed including iterative demapping for soft-detection of polarization-switched QPSK which achieves 1.5dB sensitivity gain compared to polarization-multiplexed QPSK.
Experimental Models of Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy: Relationship with Cardiovascular Disease (2010)

Almost every boy that has Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy (DMD) will develop cardiac problems. Whereas, it used to be respiratory problems that was the main cause of death in these DMD boys; with the advent of better respiratory care it is now the cardiac involvement that is becoming the most common cause of their death. Once the heart is affected, there is progressive deterioration in the function of the heart over time. The main problem is the death of the cardiomyocytes. The cause of the cardiomyocyte death is due to the loss of dystrophin, this makes the sarcolemma more susceptible to damage, and leads to a cascade of calcium influx, calcium activated proteases and ultimately the death of the cardiomyocyte. The dead cardiomyocytes are replaced by fibrotic tissue, which results in a dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM) developing, which begins in the base of the left ventricle and progresses to involve the entire left ventricle. The treatments used for the DMD cardiomyopathy are based on ones designed for other forms of cardiac weakness and include ACE-inhibitors and β-blockers. New therapies based around the pathophysiology in DMD are now being introduced. This review will look at the pathophysiology of the cardiac problems in DMD and how the various animal models that are available can be used to design new treatment options for DMD boys.
Cases of ROS1-rearranged lung cancer: when to use crizotinib, entrectinib, lorlatinib, and beyond? (2020)

<i>ROS1</i>-rearranged (also known as <i>ROS1</i> fusion-positive) non-small-cell lung cancer is an uncommon but distinct molecular subgroup seen in approximately 1-2% of cases. Oncogene addiction due to constitutive ROS1 tyrosine kinase activation has allowed development of molecularly targeted therapies with remarkable anti-tumor activity. Both crizotinib and entrectinib, multitargeted tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) have now received approval by the FDA for treatment of patients with advanced <i>ROS1</i>-rearranged lung cancers; however, the clinical efficacy and safety of these drugs have been derived from expansion cohorts of single-arm phase I or basket clinical trials with relatively small populations of this clinically and molecularly distinct subgroup. Both drugs lead to high objective response rates (approximately 70-80%) and have manageable side effects, although only entrectinib has potent intracranial efficacy. Lorlatinib is an oral brain-penetrant ALK/ROS1 TKI with activity in both TKI-naïve and some crizotinib-resistant settings (albeit with limited potency against the crizotinib/entrectinib-resistant <i>ROS1</i>-G2032R mutation). We describe cases of advanced <i>ROS1</i>-rearranged lung cancer receiving crizotinib, entrectinib, and/or lorlatinib in first and later line treatment settings to dissect the current state of evidence supporting management decisions for these patients. The next generation ROS1 TKIs (repotrectinib and DS-6051b), owing to their broad activity against kinase mutations including <i>ROS1</i>-G2032R in preclinical studies, hold promise to transform the current treatment paradigm and permit even further gains with regards to long-term outcomes in this subset of patients.
INFORMys: a flexible invoice-like form-reader system (1998)

We describe a flexible form-reader system capable of extracting textual information from accounting documents, like invoices and bills of service companies. In this kind of document, the extraction of some information fields cannot take place without having detected the corresponding instruction fields, which are only constrained to range in given domains. We propose modeling the document's layout by means of attributed relational graphs, which turn out to be very effective for form registration, as well as for performing a focused search for instruction fields. This search is carried out by means of a hybrid model, where proper algorithms, based on morphological operations and connected components, are integrated with connectionist models. Experimental results are given in order to assess the actual performance of the system.