gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Novel polyisobutylene/poly(dimethylsiloxane) bicomponent networks. II. Network structure and property characterization (1998)

The first part of this series concerned the synthesis of novel polyisobutylene (PIB)/poly(dimethylsiloxane) (PDMS) bicomponent networks; the present paper concerns the structure and property characterization of a series of bicomponent networks of varying compositions (PIB wt %/PDMS wt % = 92/8, 70/30, 50/50, 35/65) having average molecular weights between crosslinks (Mc) of ˜ 20,000 g/mol. According to network structure analysis by uniaxial equilibrium stress–strain measurements, the experimental Mc's are in excellent agreement with theoretical values. Hydrosilation end-linking efficiency was quantitated by the amount of sol and functional group analysis by 1H-NMR spectroscopy. NMR evidence indicates double-bond isomerization during hydrosilation. Network compositions by elemental analysis together with the low sol fractions indicate efficient crosslinking. These data suggest highly efficient network formation and well-defined bicomponent network structures. While PIB and PDMS showed Tg's at −72 and −124°C, respectively, the bicomponent network did not exhibit clearly discernible phase transitions. The heat stability of bicomponent networks increased slightly with increasing PDMS content showing initial (10%) degradation temperatures at ˜ 380°C in nitrogen and ˜ 320°C in air. Tensile strengths and elongations were dependent on composition and varied in the 0.6–3.8 MPa and 600–1100% ranges, respectively. The swelling behavior was not much affected by composition. © 1998 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Polym Sci A: Polym Chem 36: 1901–1910, 1998
Inactivation of Bardet-Biedl syndrome genes causes kidney defects (2010)

Bardet-Biedl syndrome (BBS) is a rare hereditary autosomal recessive disease associated with several features including obesity, hypertension, and renal abnormalities. The underlying mechanisms of renal defects associated with BBS remain poorly defined. We examined the histological, molecular, and functional renal changes in BBS mouse models that have features of the human disorder. Interestingly, obese hypertensive Bbs4(-/-) mice exhibited inflammatory infiltration and renal cysts, whereas the obese normotensive Bbs2(-/-) mice had only minor inflammatory infiltration. Accordingly, the expression level of inducible nitric oxide synthase was elevated in the kidney of both BBS mice with a more marked increase in Bbs4(-/-) mice. In contrast, endothelial nitric oxide synthase expression was decreased in Bbs4(-/-), but not Bbs2(-/-), mice. Similarly, the expression levels of transient receptor potential vanilloid 1 and 4 channels as well as β- and γ-subunits of epithelial Na channel were significantly reduced only in the kidney of Bbs4(-/-) mice. Metabolic studies revealed changes in urine output and urinary concentrations of creatinine, blood urea nitrogen, sodium, and potassium with a more pronounced effect in Bbs4(-/-) mice. Finally, we found that calorie restriction which prevented obesity in BBS mice reversed the morphological and molecular changes found in Bbs2(-/-) and Bbs4(-/-) mice, indicating the kidney abnormalities associated with BBS are obesity related. These findings extend our understanding of the function of BBS proteins and emphasize the importance of these proteins in renal physiology.
Maximum-likelihood density modification for x-ray crystallography (2000)

A likelihood-based approach to density modification for macromolecular crystallography is presented. The approach can be applied in many cases where some information is available about the electron density at various points in the unit cell. The most important aspect of the method consists of likelihood functions that represent the probability that a particular value of electron density is consistent with prior expectations for the electron density at that point in the unit cell. Such likelihood functions are combined with likelihood functions based on experiment and with any prior knowledge about structure factors to form a combined likelihood function for each structure factor. An approach for maximizing the combined likelihood function that is simple and rapid is developed.
Three-dimensional display with a long viewing distance by use of integral photography (2005)

We developed a technique of three-dimensional (3-D) display for distant viewing of a 3-D image without the need for special glasses. The photobased integral photography (IP) method allows precise 3-D images to be displayed at long viewing distances without any influence from deviated or distorted lenses in a lens array. We calculate elemental images from a referential viewing area for each lens and project the corresponding result images to photographic film through each lens. We succeed in creating an image display that appears to have three dimensionality even when viewed from a distance, with an image depth of 5.7 m or more in front of the display and 3.5 m or more behind the display. To the best of our knowledge, the long-distance IP display presented here is technically unique because it is the first report of generation of an image with such a long viewing distance.
Improving Data Center Energy Efficiency Through End-to-End Cooling Modeling and Optimization. Final Report (2021)

This report summarizes the development and demonstration of the three features developed for the DOE project “Improving Data Center Energy Efficiency through End-to-End Cooling Modeling and Optimization” (Award No. DE-EE0007688). The development of the three software features, Feature 1: Optimization of Cooling System Operation, Feature 2: Optimization of Airflow Management System, and Feature 3: Simultaneous Optimization of Airflow Management and Cooling Systems, are described first. Feature 1 is implemented in Phase 1 of the project and demonstrates 15% energy savings from cooling system optimization by applying the proposed retrofit solutions. Feature 2 is implemented in Phase 2 and the assessments show cooling energy-saving potential between 19.3% and 54.0%, depending on the energy-saving measures employed. In addition, investigating the energy saving potential for a hypothetical simple data center shows about 6.8% energy savings by optimizing the server load placement. Feature 3 is implemented in Phase 3 and the results show energy savings of 53.4% and 74.6% for the two partner data centers, respectively, compared to the baselines defined in Phase 1. Lastly, the project outcomes including software releases and publications are discussed.
Learning-Based Compressive Subsampling (2016)

The problem of recovering a structured signal x ∈ C <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">p</sup> from a set of dimensionality-reduced linear measurements b = Ax arises in a variety of applications, such as medical imaging, spectroscopy, Fourier optics, and computerized tomography. Due to computational and storage complexity or physical constraints imposed by the problem, the measurement matrix A ∈ C <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">n×p</sup> is often of the form A = P <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">Ω</sub> Ψ for some orthonormal basis matrix Ψ ∈ C <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">P×P</sup> and subsampling operator P <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">Ω</sub> : C <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">p</sup> → C <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">n</sup> that selects the rows indexed by Ω. This raises the fundamental question of how best to choose the index set Ω in order to optimize the recovery performance. Previous approaches to addressing this question rely on nonuniform random subsampling using application-specific knowledge of the structure of x. In this paper, we instead take a principled learning-based approach in which affixed index set is chosen based on a set of training signals x <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">1</sub> , . . . , x <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">m</sub> . We formulate combinatorial optimization problems seeking to maximize the energy captured in these signals in an average-case or worst-case sense, and we show that these can be efficiently solved either exactly or approximately via the identification of modularity and submodularity structures. We provide both deterministic and statistical theoretical guarantees showing how the resulting measurement matrices perform on signals differing from the training signals, and we provide numerical examples showing our approach to be effective on a variety of data sets.
Impatience Is a Virtue: Revisiting Disorder in High-Performance Log Analytics (2018)

There is a growing interest in processing real-time queries over out-of-order streams in this big data era. This paper presents a comprehensive solution to meet this requirement. Our solution is based on Impatience sort, an online sorting technique that is based on an old technique called Patience sort. Impatience sort is tailored for incrementally sorting streaming datasets that present themselves as almost sorted, usually due to network delays and machine failures. With several optimizations, our solution can adapt to both input streams and query logic. Further, we develop a new Impatience framework that leverages Impatience sort to reduce the latency and memory usage of query execution, and supports a range of user latency requirements, without compromising on query completeness and throughput, while leveraging existing efficient in-order streaming engines and operators. We evaluate our proposed solution in Trill, a high-performance streaming engine, and demonstrate that our techniques significantly improve sorting performance and reduce memory usage - in some cases, by over an order of magnitude.
Erratum: Dipole Induced Transparency in Drop-Filter Cavity-Waveguide Systems [Phys. Rev. Lett.<b>96</b>, 153601 (2006)] (2009)

Received 27 April 2009DOI:https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.102.199901©2009 American Physical Society
Differentially Expressed and Secreted Major Immunoreactive Protein Orthologs of <i>Ehrlichia canis</i> and <i>E. chaffeensis</i> Elicit Early Antibody Responses to Epitopes on Glycosylated Tandem Repeats (2005)

Ehrlichia canis major immunoreactive proteins of 36 and 19 kDa elicit the earliest detectable antibody responses during the acute phase of canine monocytic ehrlichiosis. Genes encoding the major immunoreactive 36-kDa protein of E. canis and the corresponding ortholog of E. chaffeensis (47 kDa) were identified and the proteins characterized. The molecular masses of the strongly immunoreactive recombinant proteins were larger than predicted (26.7 and 32.9 kDa, respectively) but were consistent with those of the corresponding native proteins (36 and 47 kDa). Similar to other reported ehrlichial immunoreactive glycoproteins, carbohydrate was detected on the recombinant expressed proteins, indicating that they were glycoproteins. Both glycoproteins (gp36 and gp47) have carboxy-terminal serine/threonine-rich tandem repeat regions containing repeats that vary in number (4 to 16 repeats) and amino acid sequence among different isolates of each species. E. canis gp36 was recognized by early acute-phase antibodies (day 14), and species-specific antibody epitopes were mapped to C-terminal nonhomologous repeat units of gp36 and gp47. Periodate treatment of recombinant gp36 reduced the antibody reactivity, and nonglycosylated synthetic peptide repeat units from E. canis gp36 and E. chaffeensis gp47 were substantially less immunoreactive than corresponding recombinant peptides, demonstrating that glycans are important epitope determinants that are structurally conserved on the recombinant proteins expressed in Escherichia coli. E. canis gp36 and E. chaffeensis gp47 were differentially expressed only on the surface of dense-cored ehrlichiae and detected in the Ehrlichia-free supernatants, indicating that these proteins are released extracellularly during infection.
Electromicrobiology (2012)

Electromicrobiology deals with the interactions between microorganisms and electronic devices and with the novel electrical properties of microorganisms. A diversity of microorganisms can donate electrons to, or accept electrons from, electrodes without the addition of artificial electron shuttles. However, the mechanisms for microbe-electrode electron exchange have been seriously studied in only a few microorganisms. Shewanella oneidensis interacts with electrodes primarily via flavins that function as soluble electron shuttles. Geobacter sulfurreducens makes direct electrical contacts with electrodes via outer-surface, c-type cytochromes. G. sulfurreducens is also capable of long-range electron transport along pili, known as microbial nanowires, that have metallic-like conductivity similar to that previously described in synthetic conducting polymers. Pili networks confer conductivity to G. sulfurreducens biofilms, which function as a conducting polymer, with supercapacitor and transistor functionalities. Conductive microorganisms and/or their nanowires have a number of potential practical applications, but additional basic research will be necessary for rational optimization.
A New Codebook Design for Analog Beamforming in Millimeter-wave Communication (2019)

In this study, we analyze the codebook design used for analog beamforming. Analog beamforming and combining suffer from a subspace sampling limitation, that is, the receiver cannot directly observe the channel coefficients; instead, the receiver observes a noisy version of their weighted combination. To resolve this, the transmitter and the receiver usually collaborate to determine the best beamformer combiner pair during the beam-sweeping process. This is done by evaluating a limited number of codewords chosen from a pre-defined codebook. In this study, we propose a new framework inspired by the generalized Lloyd algorithm to design analog beamforming codebooks that optimize various performance metrics including the average beamforming gain, the outage, and the average data rate. The flexibility of our framework enables us to design beamforming codebooks for any array shapes including uniform linear and planar arrays. The other practical complexity in analog beamforming is the low resolution of the phase shifters. Therefore, we have extended our algorithm to create quantized codebooks that outperform the existing codebooks in literature. We have also provided extensive simulations to verify the superiority of our proposed codebook as compared with the existing codebooks.
Elucidation of Basic Mechanistic and Kinetic Properties of Influenza Endonuclease Using Chemically Synthesized RNAs (1996)

Influenza virus utilizes a unique mechanism for initiating the transcription of viral mRNA. The viral transcriptase ribonucleoprotein complex hydrolyzes host cell transcripts containing the cap 1 structure (m7GpppG(2'-OMe)-) to generate a capped primer for viral mRNA transcription. Basic aspects of this viral endonuclease reaction are elucidated in this study through the use of synthetic, radiolabeled RNA substrates and substrate analogs containing the cap 1 structure. Unlike most ribonucleases, this viral endonuclease is shown to catalyze the hydrolysis of the scissile phosphodiester, resulting in 5'-phosphate- and 3'-hydroxyl-containing fragments. Nevertheless, the 2'-OH adjacent to the released ribosyl 3'-OH is shown to be important for catalysis. In addition, while the endonuclease steady-state turnover rate is measured to be 2 h(-1), phosphodiester bond hydrolysis is not rate-limiting. The direct generation of a free 3'-OH and the subsequent slow release of this product are consistent with the viral need for efficient use of the capped primer in subsequent reactions of the influenza transcriptase complex.
Comparison of changes in circulating platelet-derived microparticles and platelet surface P-selectin expression after coronary stent implantation (2006)

Platelet-derived microparticles (PDMPs) are released from activated platelets and may participate in the inflammatory process in response to vessel wall injury. This study was designed to compare the clinical significance of circulating PDMPs with that of P-selectin on the platelet membrane surface. In 20 patients with stable angina undergoing coronary stent implantation, circulating PDMPs were serially measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, and P-selectin expression on the surface of platelets was simultaneously analyzed by flow cytometry. PDMPs increased 24-48 h after coronary stenting in the coronary sinus (8.7 +/- 8.9 to 31.8 +/- 19.8 U/ml, P < 0.001) with a maximum at 48 h. In contrast, the mean channel fluorescence intensity for P-selectin increased 15 min after coronary stenting in the coronary sinus (19.5 +/- 5.6 to 25.2 +/- 7.5, P < 0.01) and remained elevated for 48 h; the changes were less striking in peripheral blood. The relative increase in PDMPs was not correlated with the increase in P-selectin expression at 15 min or 24 h after coronary stenting, but was correlated at 48 h (R = 0.48, P < 0.05). Both circulating PDMPs and P-selectin expression were enhanced in association with stent-induced platelet activation; however, the time course of changes in these two platelet activation markers was different. Therefore, the clinical relevance of circulating PDMPs may differ from that of P-selectin expression on the platelet membrane surface.
ChemInform Abstract: Colloidal Superparticles from Nanoparticle Assembly (2013)

Abstract Review: 82 refs.
Modeling of the laser and lamp treatment of telangiectasia (2004)

The effects of monochromatic and polychromatic radiation on human skin and veins are modeled on the basis of the theory of radiation transfer and the theory of heat conduction. Using the criteria of safety and efficiency of treatment, conclusions regarding the optimal parameters of sources of radiation are drawn.
Nitrogen-doped graphene oxide for effectively removing boron ions from seawater (2016)

Elemental boron exists in the form of boric acid or borate salts in aqueous solution. The human body is very sensitive to the amount of boron, and boron contamination in drinking water affects our health adversely. However, boron is not easily removed due to its small ionic size and is a problem to water treatment systems. Herein, we report a new method to remove boron using nitrogen-doped graphene oxide (N-GO). The maximum adsorption capacity we have obtained is 58.7 mg g<sup>-1</sup> and this makes N-GO one of the best materials to adsorb boron. Real seawater with 5 mg L<sup>-1</sup> as boron is used as a feed for testing and the absorption capacity is shown to be up to 2.42 mg g<sup>-1</sup>. This high adsorption capacity is mainly attributed to the large amount of hydroxyl groups distributed across the high surface area of graphene oxide and the enhanced adsorption that results from nitrogen-doped sites. Once N-GO is saturated with boron ions, it can be easily regenerated via acid treatment. Our proposed technique has high commercial value and we believe that it is very valuable to the water treatment industry.
Structural and thermodynamic limits of layer thickness in 2D halide perovskites (2018)

In the fast-evolving field of halide perovskite semiconductors, the 2D perovskites (A')<sub>2</sub>(A) <sub><i>n</i>-1</sub>M <sub><i>n</i></sub> X<sub>3<i>n</i>+1</sub> [where A = Cs<sup>+</sup>, CH<sub>3</sub>NH<sub>3</sub><sup>+</sup>, HC(NH<sub>2</sub>)<sub>2</sub><sup>+</sup>; A' = ammonium cation acting as spacer; M = Ge<sup>2+</sup>, Sn<sup>2+</sup>, Pb<sup>2+</sup>; and X = Cl<sup>-</sup>, Br<sup>-</sup>, I<sup>-</sup>] have recently made a critical entry. The <i>n</i> value defines the thickness of the 2D layers, which controls the optical and electronic properties. The 2D perovskites have demonstrated preliminary optoelectronic device lifetime superior to their 3D counterparts. They have also attracted fundamental interest as solution-processed quantum wells with structural and physical properties tunable via chemical composition, notably by the <i>n</i> value defining the perovskite layer thickness. The higher members (<i>n</i> > 5) have not been documented, and there are important scientific questions underlying fundamental limits for <i>n</i> To develop and utilize these materials in technology, it is imperative to understand their thermodynamic stability, fundamental synthetic limitations, and the derived structure-function relationships. We report the effective synthesis of the highest iodide <i>n</i>-members yet, namely (CH<sub>3</sub>(CH<sub>2</sub>)<sub>2</sub>NH<sub>3</sub>)<sub>2</sub>(CH<sub>3</sub>NH<sub>3</sub>)<sub>5</sub>Pb<sub>6</sub>I<sub>19</sub> (<i>n</i> = 6) and (CH<sub>3</sub>(CH<sub>2</sub>)<sub>2</sub>NH<sub>3</sub>)<sub>2</sub>(CH<sub>3</sub>NH<sub>3</sub>)<sub>6</sub>Pb<sub>7</sub>I<sub>22</sub> (<i>n</i> = 7), and confirm the crystal structure with single-crystal X-ray diffraction, and provide indirect evidence for "(CH<sub>3</sub>(CH<sub>2</sub>)<sub>2</sub>NH<sub>3</sub>)<sub>2</sub>(CH<sub>3</sub>NH<sub>3</sub>)<sub>8</sub>Pb<sub>9</sub>I<sub>28</sub>" ("<i>n</i> = 9"). Direct HCl solution calorimetric measurements show the compounds with <i>n</i> > 7 have unfavorable enthalpies of formation (Δ<i>H</i><sub>f</sub>), suggesting the formation of higher homologs to be challenging. Finally, we report preliminary <i>n</i>-dependent solar cell efficiency in the range of 9-12.6% in these higher <i>n</i>-members, highlighting the strong promise of these materials for high-performance devices.
A global model for rapid thermal processors (1990)

A simple model for the components that make up a rapid thermal processing system is given. These components are the furnace, the pyrometer used to measure temperature, and the control system that utilizes the pyrometer measurement to control the power to the lamps. The models for each of the components are integrated in a numerical code to give a computer simulation of the complete furnace operation. The simulation can be used to investigate the interaction of the furnace, temperature-sensing technique, and the control system. Therefore, the interplay of heat transfer (furnace) properties, optical (pyrometer) parameters, and control gains can be studied. The objective is to define variability in wafer temperature as process parameters change. The following three applications of the model are included: (1) a simulation of open-loop operation; (2) a simulation of the ramp up and subsequent operation with a step change in wafer optical properties; and (3) a simulation of the rapid thermal chemical vapor deposition of polysilicon on silicon oxide which demonstrates the applicability model for actual processes. A technique for correction of pyrometer output to improve temperature control is also presented.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
A Low-Power Reconfigurable Mixed-Radix FFT/IFFT Processor (2006)

In this paper, we present a novel FFT/IFFT processor, called reconfigurable mixed-radix (RMR) FFT. It can be easily reconfigured as from 16-point to 4096-point FFT/IFFT with proper mixed-radix algorithm assigned for each mode. The proposed processor is characterized with scalable power-consumption for different FFT/IFFT sizes. Unlike the general pipeline-based architectures which use a larger internal wordlength to achieve a high signal to noise ratio (SNR), our processor keeps the internal wordlength the same as the wordlength of the input data while adopting the block-floating point (BFP) approach to maintain the SNR