gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
On-Line Analysis of Mercury by Sequential Injection Stripping Analysis (SISA) Using a Chemically Modified Electrode (2001)

A highly flexible, automatic sequential-injection stripping analysis (SISA) system has been developed and applied for monitoring the levels of mercury in aqueous solutions using a chemically modified electrode. The preparation of the modified electrode comprises spin coating of an ethanolic solution of poly(4-vinylpyridine) and Kryptofix-222 onto a glassy carbon electrode (GCE) followed by cross-linking the polymer. The analysis is based on the anodic stripping voltammetry of mercury using differential pulse voltammetry. A sequence of 36 operations was needed to complete a full cycle of cleaning, calibration and analysis.
Split-SAR ADCs: Improved Linearity With Power and Speed Optimization (2013)

This paper presents the linearity analysis of a successive approximation registers (SAR) analog-to-digital converters (ADC) with split DAC structure based on two switching methods: conventional charge-redistribution and Vcm-based switching. The static linearity performance, namely the integral nonlinearity and differential nonlinearity, as well as the parasitic effects of the split DAC, are analyzed hereunder. In addition, a code-randomized calibration technique is proposed to correct the conversion nonlinearity in the conventional SAR ADC, which is verified by behavioral simulations, as well as measured results. Performances of both switching methods are demonstrated in 90 nm CMOS. Measurement results of power, speed, and linearity clearly show the benefits of using Vcm-based switching.
Pointed water vapor radiometer corrections for accurate global positioning system surveying (1993)

Delay of the Global Positioning System (GPS) signal due to atmospheric water vapor is a major source of error in GPS surveying. Improved vertical accuracy is important for sea level and polar isostasy measurements, geodesy, normal fault motion, subsidence, earthquake studies, air and ground‐based gravimetry, ice dynamics, and volcanology. We conducted a GPS survey using water vapor radiometers (WVRs) pointed toward GPS satellites to correct for azimuthal variations in water vapor. We report 2.6 mm vertical precision on a 50‐km baseline for 19 solution days. Kalman filter or least‐square corrections to the same data do not account for azimuthal distribution of water vapor and are degraded by 70%.
Simultaneous myoelectric control of a robot arm using muscle synergy-inspired inputs from high-density electrode grids (2015)

Myoelectric control has seen decades of research as a potential interface between human and machines. High-density surface electromyography (HDsEMG) non-invasively provides a rich set of signals representing underlying muscle contractions and, at a higher level, human motion intent. Many pattern recognition techniques have been proposed to predict motions based on these signals. However, control schemes incorporating pattern recognition struggle with long-term reliability due to signal stochasticity and transient changes. This study proposes an alternative approach for HDsEMG-based interfaces using concepts of motor skill learning and muscle synergies to address long-term reliability. Muscle synergy-inspired decomposition reduces HDsEMG into control inputs robust to small electrode displacements. The novel control scheme provides simultaneous and proportional control, and is learned by the subject simply by interacting with the device. In a multiple-day experiment, subjects learned to control a virtual 7-DoF myoelectric interface, displaying performance learning curves consistent with motor skill learning. On a separate day, subjects intuitively transferred this learning to demonstrate precision tasks with a 7-DoF robot arm, without requiring any recalibration. These results suggest that the proposed method may be a practical alternative to pattern recognition-based control for long-term use of myoelectric interfaces.
Catalytic Burner Device (2007)

The invention relates to gas turbine engine comprising a first flow passage, and main combustion means in the first flow passage. The engine further comprises a second flow passage, and first catalytic combustion means in the second flow passage, wherein the second flow passage can communicate with the first flow passage at at least one upstream passage junction upstream of the main combustion means and upstream of the first catalytic combustion means, and the second flow passage can communicate with the first flow passage at at least one downstream passage junction downstream of the main combustion means and downstream of the first catalytic combustion means.
Game changing technology addresses unmet need in occlusion based shunt failures by providing a non-invasive solution to re-establish flow in occluded Ventricular Catheters (2015)

Ventricular catheter (VC) occlusion due to choroid plexus is the predominant cause of shunt malfunction whose prevention remains a major unsolved problem, despite best efforts of clinicians and device designers. Shunt malfunction usually demands can be life threatening, and frequently triggers urgent nocturnal surgical intervention to revise the shunt system, costing on average ~$34K per surgery. The total cost of shunt surgeries in the U.S. exceeds $2 billion per year.

Clinical experience suggests that some of the occluded VCs can be unblocked by carefully “flushing” them with saline during surgery, restoring cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) flow, so potentially a pulse of retrograde flow could dislodge choroid plexus. We therefore sought to design a retrograde flushing device, used non-invasively, hoping to avoid a need for emergency surgery.
Measurement of renal extraction fraction using contrast-enhanced computed tomography (2003)

Renal extraction fraction (EF) is the percentage of plasma entering the glomerulus which is filtered. Contrast agents which are freely filtered and neither secreted nor reabsorbed, may be used as markers for renal filtration, allowing EF to be calculated from computed tomography (CT) measurements of systemic vessels and renal veins. CT scans of 10 adult patients having no known renal disease were studied in this manner, giving EF values averaging 12.6% and 12.3% for the right and left kidneys, respectively, compared to the accepted value of 15%-20%. EF measurement using CT may provide noninvasive evaluation of renal function, complementing CT-derived morphologic information.
A Novel Avalanche Free Single Photon Detector (2006)

We have conceived a novel single photon detector for IR wavelengths above 1 μm. The detection mechanism is based on carrier focalization and nano-injection. Preliminary measured data from unpassivated devices show a very high internal gain and low dark current at 1.55 μm at room temperature
Grouping Applications Using Geometrical Information of Applications on Tabletop Systems (2017)

In this paper, we propose a grouping scheme that classifies applications into groups for individual users by utilizing their geometrical information on a tabletop system. The proposed scheme investigates the geometrical information of each application, such as its position on the display and its rotational information, and then groups the applications of each individual user by utilizing a classifier with the geometrical information. We evaluate the proposed scheme with lab experiments, and the results show that, on average, 95.6% of applications are well classified into their users.
Routine Human-Competitive Machine Intelligence by Means of Genetic Programming (2009)

Genetic programming is a systematic method for getting computers to automatically solve a problem. Genetic programming starts from a high-level statement of what needs to be done and automatically creates a computer program to solve the problem. The paper demonstrates that genetic programming (1) now routinely delivers high-return human-competitive machine intelligence; (2) is an automated invention machine; (3) can automatically create a general solution to a problem in the form of a parameterized topology; and (4) has delivered a progression of qualitatively more substantial results in synchrony with five approximately order-of-magnitude increases in the expenditure of computer time. Recent results involving the automatic synthesis of the topology and sizing of analog electrical circuits and controllers demonstrate these points.
Frequency-Scanning BOTDA With Ultimately Fast Acquisition Speed (2015)

A polarization-independent fast and distributed frequency-scanning Brillouin optical time-domain analysis (BOTDA) technique is presented, capable of acquiring the full Brillouin gain spectrum at a speed limited only by the fiber length and the employed frequency scanning granularity. For a 145-m long fiber and 71 interrogating frequencies, the ultimate measurement speed of 9700 [full-fiber-Brillouin-gain-spectra]/second is demonstrated, covering a strain dynamic range of 4200 με with an accuracy of ±10 με. Dynamic measurements with a spatial resolution of 10 cm are also demonstrated by combining the technique with the double pulse pair BOTDA method.
Cylindrical high pressure xenon spectrometer using scintillation light pulse correction (2005)

Cylindrical high-pressure xenon detectors utilizing Frisch grid electrodes have been employed for many years. These detectors are limited to no better than 2% energy resolution at 662 keV, a factor of 3-4 above the intrinsic spectroscopic limit of xenon. This likely results from imperfections in the structure of the Frisch grid combined with the high capacitive load which increases amplifier noise substantially. Also, high sensitivity to microphonic noise of the sensitive grid severely limits field use. We propose a highly stable cylindrical structure consisting of concentric anode and cathode electrodes and use of scintillation light collected through a transparent end window. Measurement of the time interval between the prompt scintillation light from the interaction vertex and stimulated light produced by primary electrons arriving at the anode electrode provides determination of the radial deposited charge distribution, including effects of electron range and xenon fluorescence. In a 5 cm diameter detector employing a MgF/sub 2/ end window we have shown that anode signal levels can be corrected using the time digitized light output signal to achieve resolution superior to the Frisch grid systems and approaching the intrinsic xenon Fano limit. We anticipate employing the technique in arrays of kilogram scale detectors for high sensitivity high resolution field compatible gamma ray spectroscopy.
Development and evaluation of <scp>time‐resolved</scp> fluorescent immunochromatographic assay for quantitative detection of <scp>SARS‐CoV</scp>‐2 spike antigen (2022)

Abstract Background The spread of COVID‐19 worldwide caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2) has necessitated efficient, sensitive diagnostic methods to identify infected people. We report on the development of a rapid 15‐minute time‐resolved fluorescent (TRF) lateral flow immunochromatographic assay for the quantitative detection of the SARS‐CoV‐2 spike protein receptor‐binding domain (S1‐RBD). Objectives Our objective was to develop an efficient method of detecting SARS‐CoV‐2 within 15 min of sample collection. Methods We constructed and evaluated a portable, disposable lateral flow device, which detected the S1‐RBD protein directly in nasopharyngeal swab samples. The device emits a fluorescent signal in the presence of S1‐RBD, which can be captured by an automated TRF instrument. Results The TRF lateral flow assay signal was linear from 0 to 20 ng/ml and demonstrated high accuracy and reproducibility. When evaluated with clinical nasopharyngeal swabs, the assay was performed at >80% sensitivity, >84% specificity, and > 82% accuracy for detection of the S1‐RBD antigen. Conclusion The new S1‐RBD antigen test is a rapid (15 min), sensitive, and specific assay that requires minimal sample preparation. Critically, the assay correlated closely with PCR‐based methodology in nasopharyngeal swab samples, showing that the detected S1‐RBD antigen levels correlate with SARS‐CoV‐2 virus load. Therefore, the new TRF lateral flow test for S1‐RBD has potential application in point‐of‐care settings.
Diffractometric methods for absolute measurement of diffraction-grating spacings (1999)

We propose one- and two-wavelength methods of absolute measurement of diffraction-grating spacings based on the Littman configuration for autocollimation. The one-wavelength method has been applied to measure the spacing of a grating with a nominal value of 2160grooves/mm . The grating spacing was measured to be 463.16 nm, with an experimental standard deviation of 0.24 nm. It has been demonstrated that the both methods can provide direct traceability in the submicrometer region in terms of wavelength standards for applications in the field of nanometrology.
Birefringence Compensation using a Single Nd:YAG Rod (2001)

Get PDF Email Share Share with Facebook Tweet This Post on reddit Share with LinkedIn Add to CiteULike Add to Mendeley Add to BibSonomy Get Citation Copy Citation Text C. A. Denman and S. I. Libby, "Birefringence Compensation using a Single Nd:YAG Rod," in Advanced Solid State Lasers, M. Fejer, H. Injeyan, and U. Keller, eds., Vol. 26 of OSA Trends in Optics and Photonics (Optica Publishing Group, 1999), paper TuB5. Export Citation BibTex Endnote (RIS) HTML Plain Text Citation alert Save article
Order Optimal Coded Caching-Aided Multicast under Zipf Demand Distributions. (2014)

Caching and multicasting are two key technologies for reducing traffic load in content delivery networks. While uncoded caching based delivery schemes can offer competitive performance under skewed popularity distributions, the use of coded transmission schemes of increased complexity has been recently shown to significantly improve multicast efficiency under flatter popularity distributions, by exploiting coded multicast opportunities created by simple cooperative caching policies. In this paper, we consider a caching network with one source, hosting m files, connected to n destinations, each with a storage capacity of M files, via a shared link. Given that file requests follow a Zipf popularity distribution, our objective is to characterize the minimum average number of transmissions to satisfy all user demands in the information theoretic sense. We present both achievable coded caching-aided multicast schemes and outer bounds for this network configuration and show that as m,n → ∞, for any M , the achievable average number of transmissions and the outer bound meets up to a constant factor.
Sol–Gel Encapsulation of Metal and Semiconductor Nanocrystals (2005)

Abstract The ability to encapsulate nanocrystals in glass matrices affords the opportunity to fabricate a variety of robust materials exhibiting properties tunable with the size, shape, or composition of the dopant. Among the various methods to these composites, sol–gel processing has the distinction of being a ‘wet chemistry’ approach, as it relies on high purity chemical reagents and mild reaction conditions to generate three‐dimensional metal‐oxide polymeric networks. Two general routes to noble metal and semiconductor nanocrystal‐sol–gel composites are explored. In one strategy, the synthesis of the nanocrystal occurs during the fabrication of the host matrix. This direct growth method has been investigated as an express route to nanocrystal‐doped glasses that typically involves the addition of metal salts to sol–gel precursors. Subsequent reduction or precipitation of the embedded metal salts, either with gases or other chemical reagents, leads to the formation of the desired nanocrystals. The second approach exploits the synthetic procedures already available for making high quality, crystalline nanoscale materials and focuses on a decoupled process in which the synthesis of the colloidal nanocrystals is independent of the fabrication of the composite network. In this way, the size, shape, and composition of the nanocrystals can be tailored for specific applications, promising a precise control over the dopant that is unavailable in the direct growth method. Improvements in these procedures have led to the preparation of uniformly dispersed nanocrystal‐sol–gel composites with high nanocrystal volume loadings and narrow nanocrystal size dispersities that have aroused considerable interest for their unique optical, catalytic, and electronic behaviors.
Nonparaxial Mode-Size Converter Using an Ultracompact Metamaterial Mikaelian Lens (2020)

Mode-division multiplexing (MDM) is a promising approach to increase data transmission capacity by using different modes as independent data channels. Intermodal crosstalk and coherent mode interference are detrimental to the performance of an MDM system and should be avoided in the mode converters and mode expanders for MDM. The Mikaelian lens is well known to be free from spherical aberrations and is therefore an excellent candidate for focusing high order waveguide modes which have main mode field distributions located off-axis. Here we proposed an ultracompact mode-independent mode-size converter using an integrated Mikaelian lens formed by refractive index engineering using a subwavelength grating. The Mikaelian lens is fabricated on the silicon-on-insulator (SOI) platform and can be used to convert the size of high order modes at the interface between the silicon waveguide and a multimode fiber in MDM systems. We present a proof-of-concept demonstration of a low loss spot size converter for three transverse electric (TE) modes between a 14 μm wide multimode waveguide grating coupler and a 1.56 μm wide multimode silicon waveguide. The measured insertion loss of the Mikaelian lens mode size converter is 0.21 dB for TE0 mode, 0.26 dB for TE1 mode and 0.28 dB for TE2 mode. 1-dB bandwidth of all the three modes are about 60 nm. The 15 μm long Mikaelian lens has comparable experimental performance as a 450 μm long adiabatic taper.
On Automated Policy Generation for Mobile Ad Hoc Networks (2007)

In this paper we describe an approach to the problem of automated policy generation for mobile ad hoc networks. The automated policy generation problem is difficult in its own right. It becomes even more challenging when the context environment to consider is a mobile ad hoc network. We have designed an optimization-based, utility-driven approach aimed at generating optimal policies with respect to the given network objectives. The main novelty of this approach is in the combination of optimization heuristics and network simulation to solve the problem. We describe this approach, present the software architecture of our implementation, and illustrate the approach with a case study on automated generation of DiffServ-based QoS policies for a 50-node mobile ad hoc network.
Phone Merger Specification for Multilingual ASR: The Motorola Polyphone Network (2003)

This paper describes the Motorola Polyphone Network (MotPoly), a hierarchical, universal phone correspondence network that defines allowable phone mergers for shared acoustic modeling in multilingual and multi-dialect automatic speech recognition (ML-ASR). MotPoly’s organization is defined by phonetic similarity and other language-independent phonological factors. Unlike other approaches to shared acoustic modeling, MotPoly can be effectively used in systems where computational resources are limited, such as portable devices. Furthermore, it is less constrained by language data availability than other approaches. With MotPoly as part of an overall strategy, Motorola’s Voice Dialog Systems Lab’s ML-ASR team was able to define a set of multilingual acoustic models whose size was only 23% of the largest monolingual model set but whose overall performance was higher than the monolingual models by 1.4 percentage points.
Optically Controlled Alignment of Nematic Liquid Crystals on Photo-sensitive Polymers. (2000)

Alignment properties of nematic liquid crystals (LC) on photo-exposed polymer films have been investigated. Polyimide films prepared from cyclobutane tetracarboxylic dianhydride (CBDA) induced an excellent uniform LC alignment by exposure of linearly polarized UV light. The sensitivity of the photo-alignment of CBDA polyimide films was higher than that of aromatic polyimide films. On the other hand, the LC alignment on fully aromatic polyamide films exhibited the excellent uniformity, although these polyamides contained no photo-reactive groups such as cinnamoyl group. The obtained LC alignment was thermally and optically stable.
In vivo gated 4D imaging of the embryonic heart using optical coherence tomography (2007)

We demonstrate the first in vivo gated 4D images of avian embryonic hearts by use of optical coherence tomography (OCT). We present a gated 4D dataset of an in vivo beating quail heart consisting of approximately 864,000 A-scans accumulated over multiple heartbeats. Generation of a gating trigger from a laser Doppler velocimetry (LDV) signal, collected from an outlying vitelline vessel, enabled us to gate image acquisition to the cardiac cycle. To fully characterize the genesis and mechanisms of cardiac defects, a tool capable of assessing structure and function simultaneously at early stages of development is needed, and gated OCT has the capability to become such a tool.
A rapid application development framework for rule-based named-entity extraction (2009)

Named Entity Recognition and Classification (NERC) consist of identifying and labeling specific pieces of information like proper names from free-form textual data. There are primarily three approaches to named-entity extraction: hand-crafted rule based, machine-learning based and hybrid. Rule-based approaches consist of defining heuristics in the form of regular expressions or linguistic pattern and making use of dictionaries and lexicons for extracting named-entities. Rule-based approaches have proven to be quite successful but one of their limitations is that it requires a domain expert to manually define and encode the rules. The process of hand-engineering rules is a time consuming and tedious process. It also requires a domain expert, cannot be easily ported to other domains and languages and becomes hard to maintain. Machine learning based approaches tries to overcome these limitations by automatically learning rules or inducing a model rather than defining the rules by a human expert. In this work, we present our research on overcoming the limitations of rule-based approach by building a rapid application development framework that can expedite the process of rule-building and making it easy to maintain and apply it to other domains. We describe a framework that can enable a business user to easily define and maintain rules and lexicons.
Widely (132 nm) wavelength tunable laser using a semiconductor optical amplifier and an acousto-optic tunable filter (2004)

A widely wavelength tunable laser combining a semiconductor optical amplifier, an acousto-optic tunable filter and a Fabry-Perot etalon has been developed. It exhibited good characteristics over a 132 nm (1480–1612 nm) tuning range.
Towards a codelet-based runtime for exascale computing (2012)

Computing systems have reached the performance limits attainable by increasing clock rates and complexity, and are now using increased thread-level parallelism and heterogeneity instead. Existing software typically deals poorly with large-scale or heterogeneous computer systems, relying on multiple poorly interacting or special-purpose software interfaces to approach scaling/heterogeneity; attempting to use these approaches on future computers (especially at exascale) will only make matters worse.