gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Attenuated Total Reflectance-FT-IR Imaging for Rapid and Automated Detection of Gunshot Residue (2014)

An alternative approach for the nondestructive, rapid and selective detection of gunshot residue (GSR) was investigated. A cloth substrate containing GSR particles expelled during a firearm discharge was used as an analog for the clothing of a shooting victim or a suspect discharging a firearm. An established and efficient procedure for GSR collection (tape lifting) was utilized to recover GSR particles from the cloth substrate. Microscopic-attenuated total reflectance (ATR) Fourier transform (FT) infrared (IR) spectroscopic imaging rapidly and automatically scanned large areas of the tape collection substrate and detected varying morphologies (microscopic and macroscopic) and chemical compositions (organic and inorganic) of GSR. The "spectroscopic fingerprint" of each GSR type provided unique virbrational modes, which were not characteristic of the tape collection substrate or the cloth debris which was also recovered. ATR images (maps) targeted the detection of these unique chemical markers over the mapped area. The hues of the ATR images were determined by the intensity of the signal for the chemical marker of each analyte. The spatial resolution of the technique was determined to be 4.7 μm. Therefore, all GSR particles sized 4.7 μm or larger will be resolved and detected on the tape substrate using micro-ATR imaging.
Unobtrusive Continuous Monitoring of Fetal Cardiac Electrophysiology in the Home Setting (2018)

The current home fetal heart rate (fHR) measurement devices and clinical cardiotocography (CTG) use ultrasound Doppler detectors that are highly position and movement dependent making it difficult to capture the fHR, often causing unnecessary alarm and concerns. The U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) has also been concerned about the unknown rate of repeat and prolonged use of ultrasound detectors. Fetal electrocardiogram (fECG) and HR monitoring devices based on bio-potential acquisition have been developed; however, they are bulky and intrusive, thus not widely accepted. Here, we present innovative non-contact electrode ECG sensors on a small unobtrusive patch which could be attached to the abdomen, or inside garment, incorporated with Bluetooth low energy (BLE) wireless communication, to transfer the acquired data to a smartphone. An Android app was developed to extract the mixed maternal/fetal ECG (f/mECG) signals. In this paper, we demonstrate a simple and robust scheme to provide accurate 24/7 monitoring of f/mHR, with the potential to expand to f/mECG monitoring in the home setting.
A biofidelic birthing simulator (2005)

The design, testing, and implementation of a novel birthing simulator (patent pending, 6 September 2005) developed specifically to research the delivery process and improve clinical training in uncommon but inevitable complicated human births is reported on. The simulator consists of a maternal model and an instrumented fetal model that are used in conjunction with an existing force-sensing system and a data-acquisition system. The maternal model includes a bony, rotatable pelvis, flexible legs, and an optional uterine expulsive system. The fetal model, which can be delivered repeatedly through the maternal model, is instrumented with potentiometers to measure neck extension, rotation, and flexion during delivery. Simulation of the brachial plexus within the model fetal neck allows measurement of stretch in those nerves at risk for injury during difficult deliveries. Elements mimic the range-of-motion properties of neonate. Two methods for measuring clinician-applied force during simulated deliveries provide trainees with the real-time assessment of their own traction force and allow researchers to correlate fetal neck motion and nerve stretch parameters with clinician-applied traction. Preliminary testing indicates the system is biofidelic for the final stages of the birthing process and can be used for training and research in obstetrics.
Tensor decomposition for color printer model lookup table (2011)

Multidimensional lookup tables (LUTs) are often used to describe the response of physical systems to multiple
inputs. However these tables are also tensors, and in this paper we will use tensor decomposition to greatly reduce
the number of parameters needed to generate an accurate approximation to the tensor, and discuss how to determine
these parameters from a small number of known tensor elements. We will use this approach to generate printer
models, which are CMY or CMYK to L*a*b* LUTs where each element is an L*a*b* value for one CMYK
formulation. The approach generates accurate results with a reasonable number of L*a*b* measurements, and can
be used when nothing else is known about the system. It also runs much faster than the physics based models that
are sometimes available for these systems.
LightTrack: A Generic Framework for Online Top-Down Human Pose Tracking (2020)

In this paper, we propose a simple yet effective framework, named LightTrack, for online human pose tracking. Existing methods usually perform human detection, pose estimation and tracking in sequential stages, where pose tracking is regarded as an offline bipartite matching problem. Our proposed framework is designed to be generic, efficient and truly online for top-down approaches. For efficiency, Single-Person Pose Tracking (SPT) and Visual Object Tracking (VOT) are incorporated as a unified online functioning entity, easily implemented by a replaceable single-person pose estimator. To mitigate offline optimization costs, the framework also unifies SPT with online identity association and sheds first light upon bridging multiperson keypoint tracking with Multi-Target Object Tracking (MOT). Specifically, we propose a Siamese Graph Convolution Network (SGCN) for human pose matching as a Re-ID module. In contrary to other Re-ID modules, we use a graphical representation of human joints for matching. The skeleton-based representation effectively captures human pose similarity and is computationally inexpensive. It is robust to sudden camera shifts that introduce human drifting. The proposed framework is general enough to fit other pose estimators and candidate matching mechanisms. Extensive experiments show that our method outperforms other online methods and is very competitive with offline state-of-the-art methods while maintaining higher frame rates. Code and models are publicly available at https://github.com/Guanghan/lighttrack.
Leptin-based therapeutics (2010)

Leptin, a pluripotent adipokine, has been discovered as a hormone controlling energy balance in hypothalamic neuroendocrine centers. In addition, recent studies provided ample evidence that leptin can be produced by cells other than adipocytes, and that the hormone can regulate many physiological processes other than energy balance and appetite. In this context, it is not surprising that both leptin excess as well as leptin insufficiency have been implicated in various pathologies. Consequently, despite initially disappointing results with recombinant leptin as the drug for obesity management, new leptin receptor modifiers have been developed and emerged as potential treatment modalities for numerous metabolic, immunological and neoplastic diseases. The major focus of this paper is a systematic review of current experimental leptin-based therapies, including pharmacological advantages and limitations of each prodrug category.
Polyisoprenylation Potentiates the Inhibition of Polyisoprenylated Methylated Protein Methyl Esterase and the Cell Degenerative Effects of Sulfonyl Fluorides (2011)

The polyisoprenylation pathway incorporates a reversible step that metabolizes polyisoprenylated methylated proteins from the ester to the carboxylate form. Polyisoprenylated protein methyl transferase (PPMTase) catalyses the esterification whereas polyisoprenylated methylated protein methyl esterase (PMPMEase) hydrolyzes them. Significant changes in the balance between the two enzymes may alter polyisoprenylated protein function possibly resulting in disease. Previous studies show that PMPMEase is the serine hydrolase, Sus scrofa carboxylesterase. Its susceptibility to the nonspecific serine hydrolase inhibitor, phenylmethylsulfonyl fluoride (PMSF) paved the way for its use as a prototypical compound to design and synthesize a series of putative high affinity specific inhibitors of PMPMEase. Pseudo first-order kinetics revealed an over 680-fold increase in k(obs)/[I] values from PMSF (6 M(-1)-1s(-1)), S-phenyl (L-50, 180 M(-1)s(-1)), S-benzyl (L-51, 350 M(-1)s(-1)), S-trans, trans-farnesyl (L-28, 2000 M(-1)s(-1)), to S-trans-geranylated (L-23, 4100 M(-1)s(-1)) 2-thioethanesulfonyl fluorides. C10 S-alkyl substitution revealed a k(obs)/[I] value (1800 M(-1)s(-1)) that was 298 times greater than that for PMSF. The compounds induced the degeneration of human neuroblastoma SH-SY5Y cells with EC(50) values of 49, 130 and >1000 µM for L-28, L-23 and PMSF, respectively. The increased affinity with the polyisoprenyl derivatization is consistent with the observed substrate specificity and the reported hydrophobic nature of the active site. These results suggest that (1) PMPMEase is a key enzyme for polyisoprenylated protein metabolism, (2) regulation of its activity is essential for maintaining normal cell viability, (3) abnormal activities may be involved in degenerative diseases and cancers and (4) its specific inhibitors may be useful in combating cancers.
Depth map upscaling through edge-weighted optimization (2012)

Accurate depth maps are a pre-requisite in three-dimensional television, e.g. for high quality view synthesis, but this information is not always easily obtained. Depth information gained by correspondence matching from two or more views suffers from disocclusions and low-texturized regions, leading to erroneous depth maps. These errors can be avoided by using depth from dedicated range sensors, e.g. time-of-flight sensors. Because these sensors only have restricted resolution, the resulting depth data need to be adjusted to the resolution of the appropriate texture frame. Standard upscaling methods provide only limited quality results. This paper proposes a solution for upscaling low resolution depth data to match high resolution texture data. We introduce We introduce the Edge Weighted Optimization Concept (EWOC) for fusing low resolution depth maps with corresponding high resolution video frames by solving an overdetermined linear equation system. Similar to other approaches, we take information from the high resolution texture, but additionally validate this information with the low resolution depth to accentuate correlated data. Objective tests show an improvement in depth map quality in comparison to other upscaling approaches. This improvement is subjectively confirmed in the resulting view synthesis.
HIV-1 Vpr interacts with a human 34-kDa mov34 homologue, a cellular factor linked to the G <sub>2</sub> /M phase transition of the mammalian cell cycle (1998)

Several important and possibly interrelated functions have been identified for the HIV-1 accessory gene product Vpr. These include import of the HIV reverse transcription complex into the nucleus of nondividing cells, cellular differentiation including cell cycle arrest at the G2/M phase border, immune suppression, and enhancement of virus replication. We have cloned a candidate Vpr ligand, termed human Vpr interacting protein (hVIP/MOV34), by using a yeast two-hybrid assay. This gene is homologous to a simultaneously identified 34-kDa human mov34 homologue. The MOV34 family includes proteins that function as transcriptional and proteolytic regulators of cell growth and differentiation. We demonstrate direct interactions between the putative ligand hVIP/MOV34 and Vpr in vitro and in vivo. hVIP/MOV34 localizes to the nucleus and appears to function as a component of the cell cycle cascade. We observe an association between the induction of cell cycle arrest at the G2/M phase border by Vpr and a change in the subcellular localization of hVIP/MOV34 from a nuclear to a perinuclear localization. This was further associated with the inhibition of maturation promoting factor-associated histone H1 kinase activity. We conclude that hVIP/MOV34 is involved in the regulation of the cell cycle and a likely cellular cofactor for HIV-1 Vpr.
A novel assay to diagnose hereditary angioedema utilizing inhibition of bradykinin-forming enzymes (2014)

Diagnosis of HAE types I and II can be ascertained by inhibition of enzymes of the bradykinin-forming cascade, namely factor XIIa and kallikrein. Either method yields functional C1-INH levels in patients with HAE (types I and II) that are clearly abnormal with less variance or uncertainty than the commercial method.
Tailoring of recovery charge in power diodes and thyristors by irradiation. [2 MeV electrons] (1978)

The recovery charge of power diodes and thyristors is tailored and matched by irradiation through a major surface of the semiconductor body with a given radiation source, preferably of electron radiation, to a dosage corresponding to between about 1 x 10/sup 12/ and 8 x 10/sup 12/ electrons per centimeter square with 2 MeV electron radiation. The recovery charge of each device of a group of a type of diode or thyristor is first measured and the group divided into subgroups according to the measured recovery charge of each device. The devices of at least one subgroup is then irradiated by a radiation source to dosages corresponding to between about 1 x 10/sup 12/ and 8 x 10/sup 12/ electrons per centimeter square with 2 MeV electron radiation. The recovery charge of each irradiated device is again measured to determine the incremental change of recovery charge as a function of irradiation dosage. A recovery charge of another device of the type of diode or thyristor is then measured, and the device irradiated with a radiation source to a determined dosage corresponding to a desired incremental change in recovery charge to tailor the recovery charge of said device to a desiredmore » value.« less
Chondroitin sulfate glycosaminoglycans as major P‐selectin ligands on metastatic breast cancer cell lines (2006)

The metastatic breast cancer cell line, 4T1, abundantly expresses the oligosaccharide sialylated Lewis x (sLe(x)). SLe(x) oligosaccharide on tumor cells can be recognized by E- and P-selectin, contributing to tumor metastatic process. We observed that both selectins reacted with this cell line. However, contrary to the E-selectin reactivity, which was sLe(x) dependent, P-selectin reactivity with this cell line was sLe(x)-independent. The sLe(x)-Neg variant of the 4T1 cell line with markedly diminished expression of sLe(x) and lack of sLe(a), provided a unique opportunity to characterize P-selectin ligands and their contribution to metastasis in the absence of overlapping selectin ligands and E-selectin binding. We observed that P-selectin binding was Ca(2+)-independent and sulfation-dependent. We found that P-selectin reacted primarily with cell surface chondroitin sulfate (CS) proteoglycans, which were abundantly and stably expressed on the surface of the 4T1 cell line. P-selectin binding to the 4T1 cells was inhibited by heparin and CS glycosaminoglycans (GAGs). Moreover, Heparin administration significantly inhibited experimental lung metastasis. In addition, the data suggest that surface CS GAG chains were involved in P-selectin mediated adhesion of the 4T1 cells to murine platelets and human umbilical vein endothelial cells. The data suggest that CS GAGs are also the major P-selectin-reactive ligands on the surface of human MDA-MET cells. The results warrant conducting clinical studies on the involvement of cell surface CS chains in breast cancer metastasis and evaluation of various CS types and their biosynthetic pathways as target for development of treatment strategies for antimetastatic therapy of this disease.
Aspirin-Triggered Lipoxin A4 (15-epi-LXA4) Increases the Endothelial Viability of Human Corneas Storage in Optisol-GS (2011)

15-epi-LXA4 is an important mediator that protects the integrity of the human endothelium during corneal preservation in Optisol-GS.
Photocatalytic removal of selenite and selenate species: effect of EDTA and other process variables (2013)

TiO2-assisted photocatalysis was employed for the removal of aqueous phase selenite and selenate species in conjunction with EDTA as a hole (h+) scavenger. Findings from the binary selenite/EDTA and selenate/EDTA systems showed high selenite and selenate removal at pH 4 and pH 6, with faster removal kinetics noted for the selenite species compared with the selenate species that showed a gradual change over the reaction course. The noted removal of selenite and selenate was attributed to their reduction by the conduction band electrons (e-). The effect of pH studies indicated high selenite, selenate, and EDTA removal in the acidic pH range, with the following specific trend: pH 4 > pH 6 > pH 12. Different from the EDTA studies, the use of thiocyanate alone did not initiate reduction of selenium oxyanions, and hence, its role as a hole scavenger in the present systems was not evident. However, the addition of EDTA to respective selenite/selenate/thiocyanate system at pH 4 did yield near complete removal of selenite and selenate species. The marginal role of thiocyanate as a hole scavenger was attributed to its negligible adsorption onto TiO2 surface. Furthermore, at pH 4 and within 3 h reaction time, enhanced selenate removal was noted with an increase in its initial concentration from 20 to 100 ppm, with near complete selenate removal noted for both cases. In general, findings from the present work indicate that both selenite and selenate can be successfully removed from the aqueous phase employing the TiO2-mediated photocatalysis and h(+)-scavenging agent EDTA.
Modeling and rendering of heterogeneous translucent materials using the diffusion equation (2008)

In this article, we propose techniques for modeling and rendering of heterogeneous translucent materials that enable acquisition from measured samples, interactive editing of material attributes, and real-time rendering. The materials are assumed to be optically dense such that multiple scattering can be approximated by a diffusion process described by the diffusion equation. For modeling heterogeneous materials, we present the inverse diffusion algorithm for acquiring material properties from appearance measurements. This modeling algorithm incorporates a regularizer to handle the ill-conditioning of the inverse problem, an adjoint method to dramatically reduce the computational cost, and a hierarchical GPU implementation for further speedup. To render an object with known material properties, we present the polygrid diffusion algorithm , which solves the diffusion equation with a boundary condition defined by the given illumination environment. This rendering technique is based on representation of an object by a polygrid, a grid with regular connectivity and an irregular shape, which facilitates solution of the diffusion equation in arbitrary volumes. Because of the regular connectivity, our rendering algorithm can be implemented on the GPU for real-time performance. We demonstrate our techniques by capturing materials from physical samples and performing real-time rendering and editing with these materials.
An Intranasal Virus-Like Particle Vaccine Broadly Protects Mice from Multiple Subtypes of Influenza A Virus (2015)

The rapid and unpredictable nature of influenza A virus evolution requires new vaccines to be produced annually to match circulating strains. Human infections with influenza viruses derived from animals can cause outbreaks that may be associated with high mortality, and such strains may also adapt to humans to cause a future pandemic. Thus, there is a large public health need to create broadly protective, or "universal," influenza vaccines that could prevent disease from a wide variety of human and animal influenza A viruses. In this study, a noninfectious virus-like particle (VLP) vaccine was shown to offer significant protection against a variety of influenza A viruses in mice, suggesting a practical strategy to develop a universal influenza vaccine.
3-Hydroxypyrimidine-2,4-Diones as Novel Hepatitis B Virus Antivirals Targeting the Viral Ribonuclease H (2017)

Hepatitis B virus (HBV) RNase H (RNH) is an appealing therapeutic target due to its essential role in viral replication. RNH inhibitors (RNHIs) could help to more effectively control HBV infections. Here, we report 3-hydroxypyrimidine-2,4-diones as novel HBV RNHIs with antiviral activity. We synthesized and tested 52 analogs and found 4 that inhibit HBV RNH activity in infected cells. Importantly, 2 of these compounds inhibited HBV replication in the low micromolar range.
An Efficient Synthesis of 3′-Azido-3′-deoxythymidine (AZT) (1991)

A very efficient synthesis of 3′-azido-3′-deoxythymidine (4) (AZT) from thymidine is described. The key step is a one-pot transformation of thymidine into 2,3′-anhydro-5′-O-(4-methoxybenzoyl)-thymidine (2) which is isolated by direct crystallization. Further ring opening of 2 with the azide ion and 5′-O-deprotection afforded AZT in 73 % overall yield.
Optically encoded second-harmonic generation in semiconductor microcrystallite-doped glasses (1991)

Abstract : Since the discovery of second-harmonic generation (SHG) in germanosilicate fibers no other materials have been found which exhibit optically organized X(2) gratings. We have discovered that CdSxSe1-x semiconductor doped glasses can be prepared for efficient SHG when the glass is simultaneously exposed to 532 nm and 1.06 um radiation from a Q-switched and mode-locked laser. Using 5 cm path length in a 530 nm bandgap filter we have observed a 10-6 conversion efficiency, which resulted in a green spot visible in room lights. The effect is permanent in some glasses and is a strong function of the position of the microcrystallite band-ap. The phenomenon poses a test to our basic understanding of electronic processes in nanocrystals and heterogeneous glasses and opens a door to new materials for frequency doubling laser sources. The experimental set-up consisted of a mode-locked, Q-switched and frequency doubled Nd:YAG laser, two polarizers, a 10 cm focussing lens, and a phase sensitive detection system capable of detecting 10-14 W of average power. The laser produced pulses which were 110 psec and 80psec long at 1-06 um and 532 um, respectively, with a 76 MHz mode-locking rate and a Q-switching rate of 1 kHz.
Deposition of Loosely Bound and Firmly Bound Fluorides on Tooth Enamel by an Acidic Gel Containing Fluorosilicate and Monocalcium Phosphate Monohydrate (1992)

The amounts of loosely bound fluoride (F) deposited on human enamel by 4-min and 2-hour treatments with either acidulated phosphate fluoride (APF) or a monocalcium phosphate monohydrate and sodium hexafluorosilicate (MCPM-SHFS)-containing gel were measured with the use of a constant-composition F washing method. Enamel biopsies conducted before treatment and after washing were used to determine the firmly bound F uptake. The results showed that the MCPM-SHFS treatments produced significantly more loosely bound F than did the APF treatments. The 4-min treatment with either APF or MCPM-SHFS did not produce significant firmly bound F deposition, but the 2-hour treatments did, with that produced by MCPM-SHFS being significantly greater. The MCPM-SHFS gel, which had the same F content as APF and which may be applied to the proximal tooth surfaces in vivo without the use of a tray, has the potential to be more efficacious than APF because it deposits greater amounts of both loosely bound and firmly bound F.