gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Charge transfer in the high dielectric constant materials<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mml:mrow><mml:msub><mml:mrow><mml:mi mathvariant="normal">CaCu</mml:mi></mml:mrow><mml:mrow><mml:mn>3</mml:mn></mml:mrow></mml:msub></mml:mrow><mml:mrow><mml:msub><mml:mrow><mml:mi mathvariant="normal">Ti</mml:mi></mml:mrow><mml:mrow><mml:mn>4</mml:mn></mml:mrow></mml:msub></mml:mrow><mml:mrow><mml:msub><mml:mrow><mml:mi mathvariant="normal">O</mml:mi></mml:mrow><mml:mrow><mml:mn>12</mml:mn></mml:mrow></mml:msub></mml:mrow></mml:math>and<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mml:mrow><mml:msub><mml:mrow><mml:mi mathvariant="normal">CdCu</mml:mi></mml:mrow><mml:mrow><mml:mn>3</mml:mn></mml:mrow></mml:msub></mml:mrow><mml:mrow><mml:msub><mml:mrow><mml:mi mathvariant="normal">Ti</mml:mi></mml:mrow><mml:mrow><mml:mn>4</mml:mn></mml:mrow></mml:msub></mml:mrow><mml:mrow><mml:msub><mml:mrow><mml:mi mathvariant="normal">O</mml:mi></mml:mrow><mml:mrow><mml:mn>12</mml:mn></mml:mrow></mml:msub></mml:mrow></mml:math> (2003)

The cubic perovskite-related ceramic ${\mathrm{CaCu}}_{3}{\mathrm{Ti}}_{4}{\mathrm{O}}_{12}$ has a very high static dielectric constant ${\ensuremath{\varepsilon}}_{0}\ensuremath{\gtrsim}10000$ at room temperature (RT), which drops to about 100 below $\ensuremath{\simeq}100\mathrm{K}.$ Substituting Cd for Ca reduces the RT value of ${\ensuremath{\varepsilon}}_{0}$ by over an order of magnitude. The origin of the large ${\ensuremath{\varepsilon}}_{0}$ is not fully understood, but may be due to an internal barrier layer capacitance (IBLC) effect. Infrared measurements on the Ca and Cd compounds show that low-frequency modes increase dramatically in strength at low temperature, suggesting a change in the effective charges and increasing electronic localization that may lead to a breakdown of the IBLC effect.
Electrically Programmable Fuse (eFUSE): From Memory Redundancy to Autonomic Chips (2007)

Electrical fuse (eFUSE) has become a popular choice to enable memory redundancy, chip identification and authentication, analog device trimming, and other applications. We will review the evolution and applications of electrical fuse solutions for 180 nm to 45 nm technologies at IBM, and provide some insight into future uses in 32 nm technology and beyond with the eFUSE as a building block for the autonomic chip of the future.
Molecular identification number for substructure searches (1989)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTMolecular identification number for substructure searchesFrank R. BurdenCite this: J. Chem. Inf. Comput. Sci. 1989, 29, 3, 225–227Publication Date (Print):August 1, 1989Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 August 1989https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ci00063a011https://doi.org/10.1021/ci00063a011research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views818Altmetric-Citations240LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access options Get e-Alerts
Execution history guided instruction prefetching (2002)

The increasing gap in performance between processors and main memory has made effective instructions prefetching techniques more important than ever. A major deficiency of existing prefetching methods is that most of them require an extra port to I-cache. A recent study by [19] shows that this factor alone explains why most modern microprocessors do not use such hardware-based I-cache prefetch schemes. The contribution of this paper is two-fold. First we present a method that does not require an extra port to I-cache. Second, the performance improvement for our method is greater than the best competing method [23] even disregarding the improvement from not having an extra port.The three key features of our method that prevent the above deficiencies are as follows. First, too-late prefetching is prevented by correlating misses to dynamically preceding instructions. For example, if the I-cache miss latency is 12 cycles, then the instruction that was fetched 12 cycles prior to the miss is used as the prefetch trigger. Second, the miss history table is kept to a reasonable size by grouping contiguous cache misses together and associated them with one preceding instruction, and therefore, one table entry. Third, the extra I-cache port is avoided through efficient prefetch filtering methods. Experiments show that for our benchmarks, chosen for their poor I-cache performance, an average improvement of 9.2% in runtime is achieved versus the BHGP methods [23], while the hardware cost is also reduced. The improvement will be greater if the runtime impact of avoiding an extra port is considered.
The ulceration‐associated cell lineage (UACL) reiterates the Brunner's gland differentiation programme but acquires the proliferative organization of the gastric gland (1994)

The ulceration-associated cell lineage (UACL) develops in the human gastrointestinal mucosa after ulceration; it grows out from the bases of adjacent crypts and ramifies in the lamina propria to form a new gland, finally giving rise to a duct by which the glandular secretion and indeed cells are carried to the surface. Using immunocytochemistry and in situ hybridization with 35S-labelled riboprobes, we have defined the pattern of trefoil peptide gene expression (pS2; human spasmolytic polypeptide, hSP), epidermal growth factor/urogastrone (EGF/URO), and the distribution of cell proliferation during the development of the UACL, as indicated by immunostaining for proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA). Our studies reveal that the morphogenesis of the UACL shows a marked morphological resemblance to developing Brunner's glands; the pattern of trefoil peptide gene expression during UACL development is also very similar. However, trefoil peptide gene expression in the mature UACL complex is unique amongst gastrointestinal cells. The mature UACL shows a distinctive proliferative organization: while the early buds and glands are non-proliferative, apparently being fed by cells from the parent crypts, a definitive proliferative zone develops within the duct. This, of course, corresponds to the location of the gastric gland proliferative zone. We propose that while the UACL shows novel features, it shares its differentiation programme with Brunner's glands, but its pattern of cell renewal eventually is that of the gastric gland.
FaceFacts : study of facial features for understanding expression (1999)

Thesis (S.M.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, School of Architecture and Planning, Program in Media Arts and Sciences, 1999.
Recombinant superoxide dismutase reduces oxygen free radical concentrations in reperfused myocardium. (1987)

It has been proposed that oxygen free radicals mediate damage that occurs during postischemic reperfusion. Recombinant human superoxide dismutase (r-h-SOD) has been shown to be effective at reducing reperfusion injury, but it is not known if this infused enzyme actually reduces oxygen free radical concentrations in the myocardial tissue. Electron paramagnetic resonance spectroscopy was used to directly measure the effect of r-h-SOD on free radical concentrations in the postischemic heart. Hearts were freeze clamped at 77 degrees K after 10 min of normothermic global ischemia followed by 10 s of reflow with control perfusate (n = 7) or perfusate containing 60,000 U r-h-SOD (n = 7). The spectra of these hearts exhibited three different signals: signal A isotropic, g = 2.004, identical to the carbon-centered ubiquinone free radical; signal B anisotropic with axial symmetry, g parallel = 2.033, g perpendicular = 2.005, identical to the oxygen-centered alkyl peroxyl free radical; and the signal C an isotropic triplet, g parallel = 2.000, an = 24 G, similar to a nitrogen-centered free radical such as a peroxyl amine. With r-h-SOD administration the concentration of the oxygen free radical, signal B, was reduced 49% from 6.8 +/- 0.3 microM to 3.5 +/- 0.3 microM (P less than 0.01) and the concentration of the nitrogen free radical, signal C, was reduced 38% from 3.4 +/- 0.3 to 2.1 +/- 0.3 microM (P less than 0.01). The concentration of the carbon-centered free radical, signal A, however, was increased 51% from 3.3 +/- 0.2 to 5.0 +/- 0.2 microM (P less than 0.01). Identical reperfusion with peroxide-inactivated r-h-SOD did not alter the concentrations of free radicals indicating that the specific enzymatic activity of r-h-SOD is required to decrease the concentrations of reactive oxygen free radicals. Additional measurements performed varying the duration of reflow demonstrate a burst of oxygen free radical generation peaking at 10 s of reperfusion. r-h-SOD entirely abolished this burst. These studies demonstrate that superoxide-derived free radicals are generated during postischemic reperfusion and suggest that the beneficial effect of r-h-SOD is due to its specific enzymatic scavenging of superoxide free radicals.
Optimized recovery of damaged electrical power grids (2006)

This thesis formulates and solves a mixed-integer program to plan the recovery of an electrical power transmission grid that has been damaged by a natural disaster or terrorist attack. The damage can be extensive and recovery can take weeks or months. An efficient recovery plan that maximizes the utilization of repair resources can help ensure swift restoration of services. The network recovery-planning model is implemented in GAMS (General Algebraic Modeling System) and uses CPLEX as the solver. An electrical grid based on IEEE's 300-bus transmission network is used for testing. To simulate varying degrees of damage to the network, we choose up to 20% of the grid's lines, buses and transformers to be placed out of service. Based on the availability of repair resources, the repair-time horizon and penalties for unserved demand, the model produces a repair schedule that minimizes the cost of power shed. We demonstrate that for a network with up to 8% of its components damaged, the model can produce an optimal recovery plan within 20 minutes on a 2 GHz personal computer. For our largest test-case with 20% of network components damaged, the recovery plan is within 7% of optimal after 1 hour of solver time.
Defects in calcium homeostasis and mitochondria can be reversed in Pompe disease (2015)

Mitochondria-induced oxidative stress and flawed autophagy are common features of neurodegenerative and lysosomal storage diseases (LSDs). Although defective autophagy is particularly prominent in Pompe disease, mitochondrial function has escaped examination in this typical LSD. We have found multiple mitochondrial defects in mouse and human models of Pompe disease, a life-threatening cardiac and skeletal muscle myopathy: a profound dysregulation of Ca(2+) homeostasis, mitochondrial Ca(2+) overload, an increase in reactive oxygen species, a decrease in mitochondrial membrane potential, an increase in caspase-independent apoptosis, as well as a decreased oxygen consumption and ATP production of mitochondria. In addition, gene expression studies revealed a striking upregulation of the β 1 subunit of L-type Ca(2+) channel in Pompe muscle cells. This study provides strong evidence that disturbance of Ca(2+) homeostasis and mitochondrial abnormalities in Pompe disease represent early changes in a complex pathogenetic cascade leading from a deficiency of a single lysosomal enzyme to severe and hard-to-treat autophagic myopathy. Remarkably, L-type Ca(2+)channel blockers, commonly used to treat other maladies, reversed these defects, indicating that a similar approach can be beneficial to the plethora of lysosomal and neurodegenerative disorders.
Possible three-terminal device with YBCO angle grain boundary (1991)

The DC and AC Josephson effects were observed in YBa/sub 2/Cu/sub 3/O/sub 7-a/ (YBCO) bridges with metal-organic chemical vapor deposited (MOCVD) thin films on
Adaptive arithmetic coding for image prediction errors (2004)

This paper presents adaptive arithmetic coding of prediction errors in lossless image compression. Generally, a probability distribution of the errors forms Laplacian distribution with zero mean, but the variance /spl sigma/ of the distribution may take different value at each local area in the image. The proposed encoder estimates the variance /spl sigma/ at every pixel to update the probability table. First, at a target pixel, the variance /spl sigma/ that maximizes the posterior probabilities of neighboring errors is calculated. Next, the error at the target pixel is encoded by arithmetic coding based on probability distribution with the variance /spl sigma/. Since this method calculates the probabilities from fewer neighboring errors, they respond to the rapid changes of image characteristic in narrow area. In this paper, the proposed method is compared with Lempel-Ziv, Huffman, static/adaptive arithmetic coding and JPEG arithmetic coding, and then compression ratios are discussed. On an average, it generates 5% smaller size of compressed data than the adaptive arithmetic method by JPEG.
A ROM-less direct digital frequency synthesizer based on a scaling-free CORDIC algorithm (2011)

A ROM-less direct digital frequency synthesizer (DDFS) based on the modified scaling-free CORDIC algorithm is presented. Compared to the DDFS used conventional CORDIC, this algorithm reduces a half of iteration by using modified scaling-free CORDIC on average. The corresponding design procedure with error, performance and hardware analysis has been given that leads to an optimized solution. The algorithm and its applications are implemented on FPGA (field programmable gate array) by using Verilog codes. The worse case spurious-free dynamic range (SFDR) is better than 80.5 dBc.
Conformational properties of phospholipases A<sub>2</sub> (1983)

The sequences of 32 phospholipases A2 (EC 3.1.1.4) were analysed by secondary-structure prediction and the results were compared with the available crystallographic data. Good agreement is evident between prediction and experiment, especially for helical structure. Circular dichroic spectra were also determined for six enzymes from Elapid snake venom and these, in association with previously published spectra, confirm the main implication of the predictions, namely that all the homologues have qualitatively similar tertiary structures. Consideration was then given to possible structure/activity relationships in the light of the above findings. The relative hydrophobicity/hydrophilicity of the area of the enzyme thought to interact with lipid/water interfaces was predicted and certain correlations were noted with relative penetrating power, species of origin and the presence of beta-neurotoxic properties.
Analysis of spectral domain optical coherence tomography findings in occult macular dystrophy (2010)

Spectral domain optical coherence tomography findings are useful in diagnosing OMD. Morphologic changes of the retina including deformity of the OS/IS boundary of the photoreceptors, disruption of the ELM and decreased foveal thickness may be important characteristics to consider when determining the pathophysiology and diagnosing criteria of OMD.
Early mortality following stroke: a prospective review. (1984)

Analysis of early deaths after stroke is important, since some deaths may be preventable. Previous studies have relied on retrospective and often incomplete clinical data, for comparison with pathological findings. The present study is based on 1073 consecutive stroke patients admitted to an intensive care stroke unit from a well-defined population. There were 212 deaths within the first 30 days, yielding a mortality rate of 20%. Clinical, radiological, and laboratory data were collected prospectively according to a standardized protocol. Autopsies were performed on 90 of the 212 patients, and CT scanning on a further 27. Early mortality after stroke exhibits a bimodal distribution. One peak occurs during the first week, and a second during the second and third weeks. The majority of deaths in the first week are due to transtentorial herniation. Of these, deaths due to hemorrhage usually occur within the first three days, whilst deaths due to infarction peak between the third and sixth day post ictus. After the first week, deaths due to relative immobility (pneumonia, pulmonary embolism and sepsis) predominate, peaking towards the end of the second week. Cardiac deaths occur throughout the first month, and unfortunately account for many deaths in patients with small functional deficits.
Selbstnachführendes Laserinterferometer für die Koordinatenmesstechnik (Tracking Laser Interferometer for Coordinate Metrology) (2004)

Abstract Die Genauigkeit von Koordinatenmessgeräten (KMG) kann durch die Integration eines selbstnachführenden Laserinterferometers deutlich verbessert werden. Das in der Physikalisch-Technischen Bundesanstalt (PTB) entwickelte Verfahren verknüpft die Koordinaten jedes gemessenen Punktes des KMG mit einer hochgenauen interferometrischen Längeninformation. Die zentrale Komponente hierbei ist das ebenfalls in der PTB entwickelte selbstnachführende Laserinterferometer. Sein konstruktiver Aufbau ermöglicht hochgenaue Abstandsmessungen im Raum. Ergebnisse aus Simulationen und Messungen verifizieren das neue Verfahren.
Design of Air-Conditioning System and Elevator System Based on Intelligent Control (2014)

Air-conditioning system is the importance facilities to provide people with the comfort service, and air conditioning energy consumption accounts for about 40% of the total building energy consumption. However, the elevator system is an important transport vertical transport of high-rise buildings. Therefore, this article combines intelligent control technology with traditional air-conditioning control technology and elevator group control technology to solve the existing problem of air-conditioning control system, and greatly improve the transport capacity of the elevator system. Under the precondition of ensuring environmental comfort and improving systems, reduce the energy consumption of the system obviously.
Astroviruses (1995)

Microbiology Society journals contain high-quality research papers and topical review articles. We are a not-for-profit publisher and we support and invest in the microbiology community, to the benefit of everyone. This supports our principal goal to develop, expand and strengthen the networks available to our members so that they can generate new knowledge about microbes and ensure that it is shared with other communities.
CO<sub>2</sub> Reforming of Methane by Thermal Diffusion Column Reactor with Ni/Carbon-Coated Alumina Tube Pyrogen (2001)

The CO2 reforming of methane with a thermal diffusion column (TDC) reactor by using an alumina tube coated with nickel-loaded carbon as the pyrogen, acting as a heated catalyst, was studied. Large surface area of carbon-coat support (400−500 m2/g) was obtained by carbonization of a novolak-type phenolic resin. Although the coated carbon showed a minor effect, Ni loading increased the activity of the pyrogen for the reaction. For example, by using 10 wt % Ni-loaded pyrogen at the surface temperature 1260 K, each conversion of methane and carbon dioxide exceeded 65% with upward feeding of 0.44 mmol/min (CO2/CH4 = 1). The downward feeding of reactant gas showed lower conversions but better stability of the catalytic action of the pyrogen. Performance of TDC reactor for CO2 reforming of methane can be improved by the better preparation of the pyrogen to increase the activity and with downward feeding to reduce the carbon formation.
Antitumor activity and lymphoreticular stimulation properties of fractions isolated from Corynebacterium parvum. (1979)

Abstract Numerous studies have demonstrated that killed suspensions of Corynebacterium parvum possess both lymphoreticular stimulatory and antitumor properties. In the present study, experiments were designed to isolate and characterize the component from C. parvum responsible for inducing stimulation of the lymphoreticular system and for inducing inhibition of progressive tumor growth. Fractions of C. parvum, prepared by hot phenol:water extraction of heat-killed bacteria, were tested in mice for lymphoreticular stimulation by measuring the degree of splenomegaly and spleen cell blastogenesis produced by an i.p. injection of the fractions. Antitumor activity was evaluated by measuring the extent of tumor growth after a s.c. injection of the C. parvum fractions admixed with either of three syngeneically transplanted murine tumors (B-16 melanoma, L1210 leukemia, or MC-93 sarcoma). Significant splenomegaly with concomitant increase in blastogenic activity was observed in mice treated with the residue after phenol:water extraction of C. parvum. The kinetics of development of splenomegaly and blastogenesis paralleled that observed by inoculation of whole organisms. In addition, significant antitumor activity, 80 to 100% inhibition of tumor growth, was observed in mice inoculated with an admixture of tumor cells and the extraction residue. The antitumor activity of the residue was similar to that observed with whole cells. The extracts (aqueous and phenol phases) did not induce splenomegaly, increased blastogenesis, or inhibition of tumor growth. Although purified cell walls had some antitumor activity (20 to 30% protection), the percentage of mice protected from tumor growth by cell walls was markedly less than that by whole organisms or the residue. Moreover, cell walls and/or protoplasm did not induce splenomegaly or increased blastogenesis. High antitumor- and splenomegaly-inducing activities of the residue were retained following chloroform:methanol extraction, sodium lauryl sulfate:pronase digestion, or sodium lauryl sulfate:pronase plus RNase:DNase:trypsin digestion, whereas these properties were significantly reduced after the residue was treated with metaperiodate, which resulted in a marked reduction in the carbohydrate concentration. Peritoneal cells from mice given an i.p. injection of whole organisms, phenol:water extraction residue, or periodate- or enzyme-treated residue were nonspecifically cytotoxic to B-16 tumor cells in vitro. However, tumoricidal activity of peritoneal cells did not develop in mice treated with either the aqueous or the phenol phase from extracted C. parvum. Collectively, results from this study demonstrate that the component in C. parvum responsible for antitumor activity and lymphoreticular stimulation is, in part, carbohydrate in nature and that, although nonspecific macrophage activation by whole cells or the extraction residue may be important, it is not sufficient for inducing tumor rejection. The possibility that full activity may depend upon the integrity of cell walls is discussed.