gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Efficient power conversion for ultra low voltage micro scale energy transducers (2010)

Energy harvesting has emerged as a feasible and attractive option to improve battery lifetime in micro-scale electronic systems such as biomedical implants and wireless sensor nodes. A key challenge in designing micro-scale energy harvesting systems is that miniature energy transducers (e.g., photovoltaic cells, thermo-electric generators, and fuel cells) output very low voltages (0--0.4V). Therefore, a fully on-chip power converter (usually based on a charge pump) is used to boost the output voltage of the energy transducer and transfer charge into an energy buffer for storage. However, the charge transfer capability of widely used linear charge pump based power converters degrades when used with ultra-low voltage energy transducers. This paper presents the design of a new tree topology charge pump that has a reduced charge sharing time, leading to an improved charge transfer capability. The proposed design has been implemented using 65nm technology and circuit simulations demonstrate that the proposed design results in an increase of up to 30% in harvested power compared to existing linear charge pumps.
Reduced-state sequence estimation with tap-selectable decision-feedback (2002)

Reduced-state sequence estimation (RSSE) with tap-selectable decision-feedback is presented which significantly reduces the computational complexity of RSSE for sparse postcursor impulse response channels. Prefiltering is considered for more general channels, where a few channel coefficients constitute a large portion of the overall channel energy. Tap-selectable RSSE is less computationally expensive and better suited for high-speed VLSI implementation than prior reduced complexity RSSE techniques.
Code canvas (2010)

The user interfaces of today's development environments have a "bento box" design that partitions information into separate areas. This design makes it difficult to stay oriented in the open documents and to synthesize information shown in different areas. Code Canvas takes a new approach by providing an infinite zoomable surface for software development. A canvas both houses editable forms of all of a project's documents and allows multiple layers of visualization over those documents. By uniting the content of a project and information about it onto a single surface, Code Canvas is designed to leverage spatial memory to keep developers oriented and to make it easy to synthesize information.
Investigation of the mechanism of ARFI-based Color Doppler feedback of histotripsy tissue fractionation (2013)

Histotripsy controls cavitating bubble clouds to fractionate tissue using high pressure ultrasound pulses. Over the histotripsy treatment, the tissue is increasingly fractionated and eventually liquefied. This process can be monitored in real time using color Doppler synchronized with histotripsy pulses, but the mechanism is not fully understood. We hypothesize that there are two motion phases after each histotripsy pulse: 1) chaotic motion due to cavitation followed by 2) coherent motion induced by acoustic radiation force impulse (ARFI) from the histotripsy pulse. By delaying the Doppler acquisition after the chaotic motion phase, color Doppler can be used to detect the ARFI-induced motion in the treatment tissue, providing real-time feedback for histotripsy tissue fractionation. The residual nuclei from cavitation can persist after the collapse to provide strong acoustic scatterers for Doppler. An agarose tissue phantom was treated with 2-cycle pulses at > 30 MPa using a 500 kHz phased array transducer. Ultrasound acquisitions and high-speed optical images were acquired for 19 ms after every 10th therapy pulse to estimate the motion of the residual cavitation nuclei (the only scatterers in the phantom). PIV and Doppler results showed a brief period of chaotic motion (0.5-2.0 ms depending on the fractionation level) followed by coherent motion first moving away from the transducer (3-6 ms) and then rebounding back (up to 19 ms). Over the course of the treatment in both phantom and ex vivo porcine liver, the duration of the push and rebound increased with increasing number of therapy pulses, and eventually peaked. Using an appropriate delay between the Doppler and the histotripsy pulse to monitor the ARFI motion, the Doppler velocity increased with the number of therapy pulses and peaked, likely when the tissue was liquefied. The results support our hypothesis that appropriately timed color Doppler can measure the coherent ARFI-induced motion in the tissue treated with histotripsy without cavitation inference, providing real-time therapy feedback.
Scanning electron microscope study on the catalytic gasification of coal (1979)

A nickel catalyzed gasification of coal has been investigated by means of SEM and EDAX. The movement of catalyst was followed by observing the fixed sight before and after gasification. The most important finding was that nickel particles do not exist in the interior of coal particles so far as the present method of impregnation is utilized. Nickel particles on the external surface were found to be very active as catalysts. In other words, true reaction rate for catalytic gasification was much greater than non-catalytic reaction rate. If only an appropriate method of impregnation to put nickel salt into the inside of coal can be found, the catalytic effect would be significantly improved. The next important result was the fact that the catalytic activity of nickel varies with the form of nickel particle. Very fine particles, for example, are much more active than the others. Thus, the second subject was to find an impregnation method which can disperse most nickel in the form of such very fine particles. 7 figures, 1 table.
Characterization of a novel regulatory gene governing the expression of a polyketide synthase gene in <i>Streptomyces ambofaciens</i> (1992)

A key step in the biosynthesis of macrolide antibiotics is the assembly of a large macrocyclic lactone ring by a multienzyme protein complex called the polyketide synthase. In the species Streptomyces ambofaciens, the polyketide synthase for the assembly of the 16-membered ring of the macrolide antibiotic spiramycin is encoded by the biosynthetic gene srmG. Here we show that the accumulation of transcripts from the srmG promoter is governed by the regulatory gene srmR, whose predicted product, a 65 kDa polypeptide, is not significantly similar in its deduced amino acid sequence to that of previously reported proteins in the protein databases. The srmR gene product is also required for the accumulation of transcripts from srmX, an additional gene in the vicinity of srmR, but not for the accumulation of transcripts from srmR itself. Interestingly, mutations in srmR prevent the accumulation of transcripts from the spiramycin resistance gene srmB, but this is an indirect consequence of the failure of srmR mutants to produce spiramycin, which is an inducer of its own resistance gene. The possibility that srmR is the prototype for a new class of regulatory genes governing early events in the biosynthesis of macrolide antibiotics is discussed.
A novel gamma-ray imaging system using a coded-aperture compton camera (2012)

Proof-of-principle of a novel gamma-ray imaging system has been performed by Monte Carlo simulation. Previous designs implement either a coded aperture or Compton scattering system to image a gamma-ray source. By taking advantage of characteristics of each of these systems a new design can be implemented that does not require a pixelated stopping detector. This new system has significant promise in homeland security, astronomy, medical imaging and other fields.
Wavelength optimized cross‐polarized wide‐field imaging for noninvasive and rapid evaluation of dermal structures (2015)

Changes in the morphology of dermal collagen may indicate aging or pathological processes. At present, there is no technology for in vivo real-time assessment of collagen structures. Our goal was to introduce and validate polarization optical imaging for noninvasive quantitative evaluation of dermal collagen. Seventeen volunteers participated in the study. Cross-polarized 440 nm images were acquired noninvasively from facial skin of the study subjects. Collagen content and intensity histogram were computed from the optical images. Quantitative results showed a decrease in the collagen content with increasing age of the subjects. Analysis of the collagen image histogram parameters demonstrated decreasing mean pixel value and increasing full width at half maximum (FWHM) with increasing age. Polarization optical imaging has the potential for rapid noninvasive in vivo evaluation of human dermis. Cross-polarized imaging at different wavelengths emphasizes different features of human skin. (A) Skin photograph. (B) In vivo cross-polarized image at 440 nm. (C) In vivo cross-polarized image at 570 nm. (D) In vivo cross-polarized image at 690 nm.
Fabrication of the Field Emitter Array with a Built-in Suppressor Gate (2011)

To realize a fine focused electron beam less than several ten nm in diameter, the initial emission angle must be narrowed as much as possible. To control the initial emission angle, we have introduced a suppressor gate below the extractor gate electrode. The paper describes the fabrication of the field emitter array with a built-in suppressor gate.
Determination of Small Molecule ABAD Inhibitors Crossing Blood-Brain Barrier and Pharmacokinetics (2014)

A major obstacle to the development of effective treatment of Alzheimer's disease (AD) is successfully delivery of drugs to the brain. We have previously identified a series of benzothiazole phosphonate compounds that block the interaction of amyloid-β peptide with amyloid-β binding alcohol dehydrogenase (ABAD). A selective and sensitive method for the presence of three new benzothiazole ABAD inhibitors in mouse plasma, brain, and artificial cerebrospinal fluid has been developed and validated based on high performance liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry. Mass spectra were generated using Micromass Quattro Ultima "triple" quadrupole mass spectrometer equipped with an Electrospray Ionization interface. Good linearity was obtained over a concentration range of 0.05-2.5 μg/ml. The lowest limit of quantification and detection was found to be 0.05 μg/ml. All inter-day accuracies and precisions were within ± 15% of the nominal value and ± 20%, respectively, at the lower limit of quantitation. The tested compounds were stable at various conditions with recoveries >90.0% (RSD <10%). The method used for pharmacokinetic studies of compounds in mouse cerebrospinal fluid, plasma, and brain is accurate, precise, and specific with no matrix effect. Pharmacokinetic data showed that these compounds penetrate the blood-brain barrier (BBB) yielding 4-50 ng/ml peak brain concentrations and 2 μg/ml peak plasma concentrations from a 10 mg/kg dose. These results indicate that our newly synthesized small molecule ABAD inhibitors have a good drug properties with the ability to cross the blood-brain barrier, which holds a great potential for AD therapy.
Radiation hardening techniques for rare-earth-based optical fibers and amplifiers (2012)

Er/Yb doped fibers and amplifiers have been shown to be very radiation sensitive, limiting their integration in space. We present an approach including successive hardening techniques to enhance their radiation tolerance. The efficiency of our approach is demonstrated by comparing the radiation responses of optical amplifiers made with same lengths of different rare-earth doped fibers and exposed to gamma-rays. Previous studies indicated that such amplifiers suffered significant degradation for doses exceeding 10 krad. Applying our techniques significantly enhances the amplifier radiation resistance, resulting in a very limited degradation up to 50 krad. Our optimization techniques concern the fiber composition, some possible pre-treatments and the interest of simulation tools used to harden by design the amplifiers. We showed that adding cerium inside the fiber phosphosilicate-based core strongly decreases the fiber radiation sensitivity compared to the standard fiber. For both fibers, a pre-treatment with hydrogen permits to enhance again the fiber resistance. Furthermore, simulations tools can also be used to improve the tolerance of the fiber amplifier by helping identifying the best amplifier configuration for operation in the radiative environment.
The Design and Analysis of Split Row-Column Addressing Array for 2-D Transducer (2016)

For 3-D ultrasound imaging, the row-column addressing (RCA) with 2<i>N</i> connections for an <i>N</i> × <i>N</i> 2-D array makes the fabrication and interconnection simpler than the fully addressing with <i>N</i>² connections. However, RCA degrades the image quality because of defocusing in signal channel direction in the transmit event. To solve this problem, a split row-column addressing scheme (SRCA) is proposed in this paper. Rather than connecting all the elements in the signal channel direction together, this scheme divides the elements in the signal channel direction into several disconnected blocks, thus enables focusing beam access in both signal channel and switch channel directions. Selecting an appropriate split scheme is the key for SRCA to maintaining a reasonable tradeoff between the image quality and the number of connections. Various split schemes for a 32 × 32 array are fully investigated with point spread function (PSF) analysis and imaging simulation. The result shows the split scheme with five blocks (4, 6, 12, 6, and 4 elements of each block) can provide similar image quality to fully addressing. The splitting schemes for different array sizes from 16 × 16 to 96 × 96 are also discussed.
Activity of Acyl Carrier Protein Isoforms in Reactions of Plant Fatty Acid Metabolism (1986)

Two forms of spinach acyl carrier protein (ACP-I and ACP-II) have recently been characterized and found to be expressed in a tissue-specific manner (JB Ohlrogge, TM Kuo, 1985 J Biol Chem 260: 8032). To examine possible different functions for these ACP isoforms, we have tested purified preparations of spinach leaf ACP-I and ACP-II and Escherichia coli ACP in several in vitro reactions of fatty acid metabolism. Total de novo fatty acid synthesis and malonyl-CoA:ACP transacylase do not appear to discriminate between acyl carrier protein isoforms. In contrast, the K(m) of oleoyl-ACP thioesterase for oleoyl-ACP-II is 10-fold higher than for oleoyl-ACP-I, whereas the K(m) of acyl-ACP glycerol-3-phosphate acyl transferase is 5-fold higher for oleoyl-ACP-I than for oleoyl-ACP-II. A characterization of these reactions and a possible role for ACP isoforms in regulation of fatty acid metabolism in plants are described.
Recent results in quantum cascade lasers and applications (2000)

Staphylococcus aureus is still the main pathogen in PVO patients, and the risks of relapse and mortality remain high. Factors found to be associated with ITR were previous spinal surgery, severe sepsis, and infection with Escherichia coli.
Robust wind noise detection (2014)

Wind noise can be a major problem with audio devices such as hearing aids, cochlear implants, phones and headsets. Previous wind-noise detection algorithms generally assume that large level and/or phase differences between two microphones indicate wind noise, while small differences indicate its absence. However, differences may exist without wind noise due to unmatched microphones, acoustic reflections, or the phase shift caused by the microphone spacing. This paper shows that previous algorithms do not always correctly differentiate between wind and non-wind causes of microphone signal differences, which could lead to the inappropriate engagement of wind-noise reduction processing. A novel algorithm is presented, which performs an efficient statistical analysis of the microphone signals that is substantially more robust against non-wind causes differences, and hence false wind-noise detection, in an exemplary hearing-aid application.
Synthesis of [<sup>3</sup>H]‐1‐[1‐(3‐isothiocyanatophenyl) cyclohexyl]piperidine (METAPHIT), an acylating agent for phencyclidine receptors (1989)

Abstract The preparation of [ 3 H]‐labelled 1‐[1‐(3‐isothiocyanatophenyl) cyclohexyl]piperidine (METAPHIT), an electrophilic acylating agent for the phencyclidine (PCP) site is described. Synthesis of [ 3 H]METAPHIT was accomplished in three steps starting from 1‐[1‐(3‐nitrophenyl)cyclohexyl]piperidine. Introduction of the tritium‐label in 20.6% radiochemical yield was achieved in the penultimate step.
Computer aided multi-parameter gene design: impact of synthetic dnas on protein expression enhancement (2007)

Protein production in cells is dependent on various factors including the underlying nucleotide sequence. Gene optimization is dedicated to improve the expression properties of transgenes by codon adaptation to the individual host, increasing RNA production, stability and nuclear export. However, most gene optimization strategies depend on codon usage adaptation only, whereas RNA optimization relies on optimization of many different parameters such as removal of RNA secondary structures, adjustment of CG-values, avoidance of splice sites and elimination of instability elements. With the help of a multi-parameter optimizing algorithm, degeneration of the genetic code provides a powerful tool to identify, analyze as well as utilize parameters and respective motifs to increase and/or adjust expression yields or other important properties of a gene such as its safety or genetic stability.
SBS suppression through seeding with narrow-linewidth and broadband signals: experimental results (2010)

We present experimental verification of a novel technique to suppress stimulated Brillouin scattering (SBS) in single frequency fiber amplifiers. This technique relies on seeding with a combination of broadband and single frequency laser beams to allow for efficient laser gain competition between the two signals. In the experiment, a monolithic fiber configuration was used. Broadband 1045 nm light and single frequency 1064 nm light were coupled into an Yb-doped gain fiber. With appropriate selection of seed power ratio, we were able to generate an output signal predominantly comprised of 1064 nm light while simultaneously suppressing the back-scattered Stokes light. The slope efficiency for the two-tone amplifier was approximately 78%; slightly below that of a single-tone amplifier. The SBS threshold for the former, on the other hand, was appreciably higher than that of the latter which is in excellent agreement with the theory. In preliminary implementation of this technique at high power, we generated close to 100 W without encountering the SBS threshold. Finally, we show numerically that due to a favorable thermal gradient much higher powers can be obtained.
Effective Instruction Prefetching in Chip Multiprocessors for Modern Commercial Applications (2005)

In this paper, we study the instruction cache miss behavior of four modern commercial applications (a database workload, TPC-W, SPECjAppServer2002 and SPECweb99). These applications exhibit high instruction cache miss rates for both the L1 and L2 caches, and a sizable performance improvement can be achieved by eliminating these misses. We show that it is important, not only to address sequential misses, but also misses due to branches and function calls. As a result, we propose an efficient discontinuity prefetching scheme that can be effectively combined with traditional sequential prefetching to address all forms of instruction cache misses. Additionally, with the emergence of chip multiprocessors (CMPs), instruction prefetching schemes must take into account their effect on the shared L2 cache. Specifically aggressive instruction cache prefetching can result in an increase in the number of L2 cache data misses. As a solution, we propose a scheme that does not install prefetches into the L2 cache unless they are proven to be useful. Overall, we demonstrate that the combination of our proposed schemes is successful in reducing the instruction miss rate to only 10%-16% of the original miss rate and results in a 1.08X-1.37X performance improvement for the applications studied.
Amino acid sequence and expression of the hepatic glycogen‐binding (G<sub>L</sub>‐subunit of protein phosphatase‐1 (1995)

A full-length cDNA encoding the putative hepatic glycogen-binding (GL) subunit of protein phosphatase-1 (PP1) was isolated from a rat liver library. The deduced amino acid sequence (284 residues, 32.6 kDa) was 23% identical (39% similar) to the N-terminal region of the glycogen-binding (GM) subunit of PP1 from striated muscle. The similarities between GM and GL were most striking between residues 63-86, 144-166 and 186-227 of human GM (approximately 40% identity), nearly all the identities with the putative yeast homologue GAC1 being located between 144-166 and 186-227. The cDNA was expressed in E. coli, and the expressed protein transformed the properties of PP1 to those characteristic of the hepatic glycogen-associated enzyme. These experiments establish that the cloned protein is GL.
Semantic description of medical image findings: structured learning approach (2015)

Computer Aided Diagnosis (CADx) systems are designed to assist doctors in medical image interpretation. However, a CADx is often thought of as a black box whose diagnostic decision is not intelligible to a radiologist. Therefore, a system that uses semantic image interpretation, and mimics human image analysis, has clear benefits. We propose a new method for automatic textual description of medical image findings, such as lesions in medical images. The method performs joint estimation of semantic features of lesions from image measurements. We formalize this problem as learning to map a set of diverse medical image measurements to a set of semantic descriptor values. We use a structured learning framework to model individual semantic descriptors and their relationships. The parameters of the model are efficiently learned using the Structured Support Vector Machine (SSVM). The proposed approach generates radiological lexicon descriptors used to make a diagnosis of various diseases. This can help radiologists easily understand a diagnosis recommendation made by an automatic system, such as CADx. We apply the proposed method to publicly available and to proprietary breast and brain imaging datasets, and show that our method generates more accurate descriptions, as compared to other alternative approaches.
Impact of chirping on polarization-mode dispersion compensated systems (2000)

Investigates the effect of chirp, resulting from either the transmitter, chromatic dispersion, or Kerr effect in the fiber, on polarization-mode dispersion (PMD) compensated systems. We demonstrate both experimentally and numerically the deleterious impact of chirping on systems with first-order PMD compensation. We present a way to optimize the PMD compensator performance by minimizing the total chirp of the signal at the receiver side.