gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Open optoelectrowetting droplet actuation (2008)

We present experimental realization of an open optoelectrowetting (o-OEW) device for liquid droplet manipulations. The o-OEW device is realized by coplanar electrodes and a photoconductor. The local switching effect for electrowetting resulting from illumination is based on the tunable impedance of the photoconductor. Dynamic virtual electrodes are created using projected images, leading to free planar movements of droplets. Basic operations such as transporting and merging were demonstrated. Translational speed up to 3.6mm∕s was measured. Equivalent circuit analysis shows that the operational frequency for the current setup ranges from 100to800Hz.
Synthesis, Structure, and Characterization of a Novel Manganese(IV) Monomer, [Mn<sup>IV</sup>(Me<sub>3</sub>TACN)(OMe)<sub>3</sub>](PF<sub>6</sub>) (Me<sub>3</sub>TACN = <i>N</i>,<i>N</i>‘,<i>N</i>‘‘-Trimethyl-1,4,7-triazacyclononane), and Its Activity toward Olefin Oxidation with Hydrogen Peroxide (1996)

A novel manganese(IV) monomer, [Mn(IV)(Me(3)TACN)(OMe)(3)](PF(6)), has been synthesized in methanol by the reaction of MnCl(2) with the ligand, N,N',N"-trimethyl-1,4,7-triazacyclononane (Me(3)TACN), in the presence of Na(2)O(2). The resulting product was isolated as the red/brown crystalline hexafluorophosphate salt. The compound crystallizes in the space group P2/c with the cell dimensions a = 15.652(2) Å, b = 8.740(1) Å, c = 15.208(2) Å, beta = 108.81(1) degrees, V = 1969.4(4) Å(3), and Z = 4. The structure was solved by the heavy-atom method and was refined by full-matrix least-squares techniques to a final value of R = 0.067 (R(w) = 0.097) based upon 3087 observations. The manganese atom in the molecule is six-coordinate in an N(3)O(3) ligand environment with the triazacyclononane facially coordinated. Pertinent average bond distances and angles are as follows: Mn-O, 1.797(5) Å; Mn-N, 2.116(5) Å; O-Mn-O, 97.8(2) degrees; N-Mn-N, 81.4(2) degrees; O-Mn-N, 167.8 degrees (2); O-Mn-N, 86.8(2) degrees; O-Mn-N, 92.8(2) degrees. The complex was further characterized by UV-vis and EPR spectroscopies, solution magnetic susceptibility measurements, FAB-MS, and electrochemistry. [Mn(IV)(Me(3)TACN)(OMe)(3)](PF(6)) was found to catalyze the oxidation of water-soluble olefins using hydrogen peroxide as the oxidant in an aqueous medium. The catalyzed rates of oxidation of these olefins indicate at least a 12-fold rate enhancement over oxidant alone. The unusual stability of the catalytic species was demonstrated by the repeated additions of substrate and oxidant while maintaining a constant catalytic rate of oxidation.
Aligning parallel arrays to reduce communication (1994)

Axis and stride alignment is an important optimization in compiling data-parallel programs for distributed-memory machines. We previously developed an optimal algorithm for aligning array expressions. Here, we examine alignment for more general program graphs. We show that optimal alignment is NP-complete in this setting, so we study heuristic methods. This paper makes two contributions. First, we show how local graph transformations can reduce the size of the problem significantly without changing the best solution. This allows more complex and effective heuristics to be used. Second, we give aheuristic that can explore the space of possible solutions in a number of ways. We show that some of these strategies can give better solutions than a simple greedy approach proposed earlier. Our algorithms have been implemented; we present experimental results showing their effect on the performance of some example programs running on the CM-5.
Intercalation Inhibits the Surface Hydration of Sodium Montmorillonite: Experiments and Density Functional Theory Simulation (2020)

In order to use water-based drilling fluids to substitute for oil-based drilling fluids in the drilling industry, one of the main challenges is the inhibiting the surface hydration of clay to further develop oil and gas resources. In this work, low-molecular weight branched polyethylenimine (BPEI) and hexamethylenediamine (HMDA) as inhibitors were used to investigate the inhibitory mechanism of surface hydration on sodium montmorillonite (Mt) using isothermal adsorption, X-ray diffraction (XRD), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), low field nuclear magnetic resonance (LF-NMR), the Brunner–Emmet–Teller (BET) technique, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), energy dispersive X-ray (EDX), and density functional theory (DFT) simulations. The XRD results confirmed that HMDA and BPEI could decrease the d001 values of hydrated Mt from 1.91 to 1.32 and 1.39 nm, respectively. These results verified that the interlamellar space of Mt-HMDA and Mt-BPEI may contain one layer of water molecules. TGA and LF-NMR analyses further confirmed that HMDA can restrict Mt to one-layer hydration, while BPEI can completely inhibit the interlayer surface hydration of Mt. The HMDA and BPEI could displace the exchangeable cations in the interlamellar space of Mt, whereas as the number of primary amine groups increased, both the displaced exchangeable cations and the inhibition performance increased. The DFT simulation results showed that, as the number of primary amine groups increased, both the adsorption energy of the inhibitor on the Mt surface and the inhibition performance increased. Finally, the mechanism of the inhibition of the clay surface hydration through intercalation adsorption was put forward. The theory and method can be helpful in designing inhibitors that completely inhibit the surface hydration of clay.
Anionic sorbents for arsenic and technetium species. (2003)

Two sorbents, zirconium coated zeolite and magnesium hydroxide, were tested for their effectiveness in removing arsenic from Albuquerque municipal water. Results for the zirconium coated zeolite indicate that phosphate present in the water interfered with the sorption of arsenic. Additionally, there was a large quantity of iron and copper present in the water, corrosion products from the piping system, which may have interfered with the uptake of arsenic by the sorbent. Magnesium hydroxide has also been proven to be a strong sorbent for arsenic as well as other metals. Carbonate, present in water, has been shown to interfere with the sorption of arsenic by reacting with the magnesium hydroxide to form magnesium carbonate. The reaction mechanism was investigated by FT-IR and shows that hydrogen bonding between an oxygen on the arsenic species and a hydrogen on the Mg(OH)2 is most likely the mechanism of sorption. This was also confirmed by RAMAN spectroscopy and XRD. Technetium exists in multiple oxidation states (IV and VII) and is easily oxidized from the relatively insoluble Tc(IV) form to the highly water soluble and mobile Tc(VII) form. The two oxidation states exhibit different sorption characteristics. Tc(VII) does not sorb to most materials whereas Tc(IV) will strongly sorb to many materials. Therefore, it was determined that it is necessary to first reduce the Tc (using SnCl2) before sorption to stabilize Tc in the environment. Additionally, the effect of carbonate and phosphate on the sorption of technetium by hydroxyapatite was studied and indicated that both have a significant effect on reducing Tc sorption.
Knowing funny (2011)

Categorization of online videos is often treated as a tag suggestion task; tags can be generated by individuals or by machine classification. In this paper, we suggest categorization can be determined socially, based on people's interactions around media content without recourse to metadata that are intrinsic to the media object itself. This work bridges the gap between the human perception of genre and automatic categorization of genre in classifying online videos. We present findings from two internet surveys and from follow-up interviews where we address how people determine genre classification for videos and how social framing of video content can alter the perception and categorization of that content. From these findings, we train a Naive Bayes classifier to predict genre categories. The trained classifier achieved 82% accuracy using only social action data, without the use of content or media-specific metadata. We conclude with implications on how we categorize and organize media online as well as what our findings mean for designing and building future tools and interaction experiences.
Cancellation of all Kerr nonlinearities in long fiber spans using a LiNbO/sub 3/ phase conjugator and Raman amplification (2002)

A LiNbO/sub 3/ phase-conjugator and Raman pumping in fiber are used in order to cancel all Kerr nonlinearities in long fiber spans. We demonstrate this effect in single and multichannel transmission at 10, 40, and 100 Gb/s.
Studies of Robust Two Stage Preconditioners for the Solution of Fully Implicit Multiphase Flow Problems (2009)

Abstract The solution of the linear system of equations for a large scale reservoir simulation has several challenges. Preconditioners are used to speed up the convergence rate of the solution of such systems. In theory, a preconditioner defines a matrix M that can be inexpensively inverted and represents a good approximation of a given matrix A. In this work, two-stage preconditioners consisting of the approximated inverses M1 and M2 are investigated for multiphase flow in porous media. The first-stage preconditioner, M1, is approximated from Ausing four different solution methods: (1) constrained pressure residuals (CPR), (2) lower block Gauss-Seidel, (3) upper block Gauss-Seidel, and (4) one iteration of block Gauss-Seidel. The pressure block solution in each of these different schemes is calculated using the Algebraic Multi Grid (AMG) method. The inverse of the saturation (or more generally, the nonpressure) blocks are approximated using Line Successive Over Relaxation (LSOR). The second stage preconditioner, M2, is a global preconditioner based on LSOR iterations for the matrix A that captures part of the original interaction of different coefficient blocks. Several techniques are also employed to weaken the coupling between the pressure block and the nonpressure blocks. Effective decoupling is achievedby: (1) an IMPES-like approach designed to preserve the integrity of pressure coefficients, (2) Householder transformations, (3) the alternate block factorization (ABF), and (4) the balanced decoupling strategy (BDS) based on least squares. The fourth method is a new technique developed in this work. The aforementioned preconditioning techniques were implemented in a parallel reservoir simulation environment, and tested for large-scale two-phase and three-phase black oil simulation models. This study demonstrates that a two-stage preconditioner based on balanced decoupling strategy (BDS) or ABF combined with Gauss-Seidel sweeps, that also incorporate nonpressure solutions for M,delivers both the fastest convergence rate and the most robust option overall without compromising parallel scalability.
Sodium-level-sensitive sodium channel Na <sub>x</sub> is expressed in glial laminate processes in the sensory circumventricular organs (2005)

Na(x) is an atypical sodium channel that is assumed to be a descendant of the voltage-gated sodium channel family. Our recent studies on the Na(x)-gene-targeting mouse revealed that Na(x) channel is localized to the circumventricular organs (CVOs), the central loci for the salt and water homeostasis in mammals, where the Na(x) channel serves as a sodium-level sensor of the body fluid. To understand the cellular mechanism by which the information sensed by Na(x) channels is transferred to the activity of the organs, we dissected the subcellular localization of Na(x) in the present study. Double-immunostaining and immunoelectron microscopic analyses revealed that Na(x) is exclusively localized to perineuronal lamellate processes extended from ependymal cells and astrocytes in the organs. In addition, glial cells isolated from the subfornical organ, one of the CVOs, were sensitive to an increase in the extracellular sodium level, as analyzed by an ion-imaging method. These results suggest that glial cells bearing the Na(x) channel are the first to sense a physiological increase in the level of sodium in the body fluid, and they regulate the neural activity of the CVOs by enveloping neurons. Close communication between inexcitable glial cells and excitable neural cells thus appears to be the basis of the central control of the salt homeostasis.
Channel Vector Quantization for Multiuser MIMO Systems Aiming at Maximum Sum Rate (2009)

For downlink transmission in a multiuser multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) communication system, quantized Channel State Information (CSI) is fed back to the base station in an uplink channel of finite rate. The quantized CSI is obtained via Channel Vector Quantization (CVQ) of the so-called composite channel vector, i.e., the product of the channel matrix and an estimation of the receive filter, which cannot be computed exactly at the stage of quantization because of its dependency on the finally chosen precoder. Here, the state-of-the-art approach estimates the receive filter and quantize the composite channel vector such that its Euclidean distance to the estimated composite channel vector is minimized. In this paper, we propose an alternative CVQ method which determines the estimated receive filter vector and the quantized composite channel vector such that the resulting Signal-to-Interference-and-Noise Ratio (SINR), or an approximation thereof, is maximized. Since the SINR is related to the individual user rates, and therefore related to the sum rate of the system, the presented solution aims at maximizing the system sum rate. Simulation results of a multiuser MIMO system with linear zero-forcing preceding show that the proposed schemes achieve significant performance improvements compared to the state-of-the-art method, especially in the low signal-to-noise ratio region.
A Fast Multiplierless Architecture for General Purpose VLSI FIR Digital Filters (1987)

A multiplierless algorithm for calculating the convolution of a Finite Impulse Response (FIR) digital filter is presented. The algorithm is based on the partial slicing of input data vector words and performing the convolution in a distributed fashion. A fast, flexible and hardware efficient architecture for implementing the algorithm is described. Simulation results of the prototype one tap filter are presented, demonstrating the high speed capability of the architecture.
Characterization of an optically enhanced conventional 10 GHz receiver for RZ systems over 100 GHz (2007)

We investigate, both theoretically and experimentally, how the use of an all-Optical Decision Element (ODE) in front of a conventional receiver improves, in Return-to-Zero (RZ) systems, the receiver performance when the signal bandwidth exceeds the bandwidth of the available opto-electronic components. A theoretical analysis of the ODE behavior shows the field of applicability of the investigated solution. The experimental evaluation of the performance improvement in an RZ system is realized using an ODE based on two cascaded Nonlinear Optical Loop Mirrors. Benefits in terms of Bit Error Rate for different signal bandwidths and for different received Optical Signal-to-Noise Ratio (OSNR) are presented. Substantial agreement of the experimental results with the theoretical analysis is obtained. The impact of the ODE in the presence of relevant thermal noise at the receiver is also considered. The ODE can extend the use of common band-limited receivers to wide-bandwidth signals, and can be an alternative solution to the development of wide-band receivers.
Diode-pumped, room-temperature Tm:LuAG laser (1995)

A diode-pumped, room-temperature Tm:LuAG laser demonstrated a total optical-to-optical efficiency of 0.073 and an optical-to-optical differential efficiency as high as 0.236. Laser performance and operating wavelength were investigated as a function of the Tm concentration. The highest laser output energy was achieved with a Tm concentration of 0.04 and at a wavelength of 2.0238 µm.
Phenylated Polyimides With Greater Solubility (1991)

In experiments, 3,6-diphenylpyromellitic dianhydride monomer prepared and polymerized with several different diamines. Polyimides with pendent phenyl groups along polymer backbones considerably more soluble than PMDA-based materials. Increased solubility eases processing, providing increased potential use in variety of applications. Because most polymers soluble in organic solvents, usable in microelectronics applications. Excellent thermal stabilities and high transition temperatures make them ideally suited. Many polymers extremely rigid and useful as reinforcing polymers in molecular composites. More flexible compositions useful as matrix resins in carbon-reinforced composites.
Fast compression of OFDM channel state information with constant frequency sinusoidal approximation (2019)

We propose CSIApx, a very fast and lightweight method to compress the channel state information (CSI) of Wi-Fi networks. CSIApx approximates the CSI vector as the linear combination of a small number of base sinusoids on constant frequencies and uses the complex coefficients of the base sinusoids as the compressed CSI. While it is well-known that the CSI vector can be represented as the linear combination of sinusoids, fixing the frequencies of the sinusoids is the key novelty of CSIApx, which is guided by our mathematical finding that almost any sinusoid can be approximated by a set of base sinusoids on constant frequencies. CSIApx enjoys very low computation complexity, because key steps in the compression can be pre-computed due to the constant frequencies of the base sinusoids. We extensively test CSIApx with both experimental and synthesized Wi-Fi channel data, and the results confirm that CSIApx can achieve very good compression ratio with little loss of accuracy.
Design, Synthesis, and Development of Pyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidine Derivatives as a Novel Series of Selective PI3Kδ Inhibitors: Part II—Benzimidazole Derivatives (2022)

Phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K) is the family of lipid kinases participating in vital cellular processes such as cell proliferation, growth, migration, or cytokines production. Due to the high expression of these proteins in many human cells and their involvement in metabolism regulation, normal embryogenesis, or maintaining glucose homeostasis, the inhibition of PI3K (especially the first class which contains four subunits: <i>α</i>, <i>β</i>, <i>γ</i>, <i>δ</i>) is considered to be a promising therapeutic strategy for the treatment of inflammatory and autoimmune diseases such as systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) or multiple sclerosis. In this work, we synthesized a library of benzimidazole derivatives of pyrazolo[1,5-<i>a</i>]pyrimidine representing a collection of new, potent, active, and selective inhibitors of PI3K<i>δ</i>, displaying IC<sub>50</sub> values ranging from 1.892 to 0.018 μM. Among all compounds obtained, CPL302415 (<b>6</b>) showed the highest activity (IC<sub>50</sub> value of 18 nM for PI3K<i>δ</i>), good selectivity (for PI3K<i>δ</i> relative to other PI3K isoforms: PI3K<i>α</i>/<i>δ</i> = 79; PI3K<i>β</i>/<i>δ</i> = 1415; PI3K<i>γ</i>/<i>δ</i> = 939), and promising physicochemical properties. As a lead compound synthesized on a relatively large scale, this structure is considered a potential future candidate for clinical trials in SLE treatment.
Pipelined number conversions using optical arithmetic/logic units (1987)

Optical crossbar arithmetic/logic units (OALUs) described by Falk et al. 1 perform residue arithmetic addition and multiplication without internal carry operations. This makes residue arithmetic algorithms practical in high-speed devices. Two tasks in connecting customary weighted number arithmetic processors to residue number processors are to convert binary or decimal numbers to residue numbers and vice versa. The latter task may advantageously convert residue representation to mixed radix digits, a special form of weighted number, as an intermediate representation through an algorithm which uses residue arithmetic. The mixed radix digits themselves may be used to find sign, magnitude, and overflow conditions without further conversion to binary or decimal digits. Methods for connecting OALUs to binary, decimal, and binary-coded decimal digit signals for conversion to residue numbers and to residue number signals for conversion mixed radix digits are derived from standard algorithms. Where these algorithms involve multiplying by a constant, a simplified faster OALU based on fixed mapping may be inserted.
Dual-Microphone Spectral Subtraction (2000)

Mobile phones are constantly decreasing in size, thereby complicating the acoustical functionality. Signal processing methods can be used to partially mitigate this problem. In this paper we suggest a method which uses multiple spectral subtraction functions and two microphones, introducing only a short signal delay. The idea is to use spectral subtraction methods to extract the noise as well as the speech during a single time-frame. The environment background noise may not be stationary, thereby limiting the method to only employ short estimates of the background noise signal. Results are presented for experiments in various environments, showing a reduced noise level in the processed signal compared with the un-processed signal, and with preserved speech quality.
SixDOF position sensor: enabling manufacturing flexibility (1998)

A small, non-contact optical sensor invented by the author attaches to a robot (or other machines), enabling the robot to detect objects, adjust its alignment in all six degrees of freedom (SixDOF), and read a task from a code on the part. Thus, the SixDOF sensor provides robots more intelligence to operate autonomously and adapt to changes without human intervention. A description of the sensor is provided. Also, an operating arrangement of a robot using the SixDOF sensor is presented with performance results described.
Intense 1.315-μm atomic iodine emission from TlI/Xe discharges (1989)

Results are presented showing that cw, rf discharge excitation of low-pressure gas mixtures of TlI and Xe produce very strong atomic iodine emission at 1.315 μm. An examination of previous electron beam excitation observations coupled with these results suggest that there exist two pumping processes for the excited atomic iodine. These are resonant energy transfer of Tl metastables to the excited iodine level and photolytic excitation/collisional TlI dissociative excitation from excited Xe metastable atoms. The overall results suggest a potential for this system as a cw, completely cyclic, self-contained atomic iodine laser at 1.315 μm.
1996 IEEE INTERNATIONAL FREQUENCY CONTROL SYMPOSIUM A SPURIOUS REDUCTION TECHNIQUE FOR HIGH-SPEED DIRECT DIGITAL SYNTHESIZERS (1996)

Digital-to-Analog Converters (DACs) are the primary source of spurious in high-speed Direct Digital Synthesizers (DDS). DAC glitches, DC- linearity errors, and digital noise feedthrough can corrupt the DDS output. This paper proposes a balanced-DAC configuration at the DDS output that can dramatically reduce these effects. A pair of single- ended DACs are employed, driven from a set of inverters that generate the out-of-phase drive signals. An on- or off-chip subtractor combines the two out-of- phase DAC outputs, canceling distortion, noise, and glitches. Simulations along with experimental results from an 800 MHz balanced-DAC DDS breadboard are included. Greater than 10 dB reduction in harmonics, aliased-harmonics, and noise floor have been achieved. A monolithic version of this balanced-DAC DDS has been fabricated and is currently in test. I. BACKGROUND