gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Learning Phrase-Based Spelling Error Models from Clickthrough Data (2010)

This paper explores the use of clickthrough data for query spelling correction. First, large amounts of query-correction pairs are derived by analyzing users &apos; query reformulation behavior encoded in the clickthrough data. Then, a phrase-based error model that accounts for the transformation probability between multi-term phrases is trained and integrated into a query speller system. Experiments are carried out on a human-labeled data set. Results show that the system using the phrase-based error model outperforms significantly its baseline systems. 1
Screening for CDKN2A Mutations in Hereditary Melanoma (1997)

Cutaneous malignant melanoma (CMM) is a potentially fatal form of skin cancer whose etiology is heterogeneous and complex. Approximately 10% of the cases of CMM occur in persons with a familial predisposition (1), often in association with clinically dysplastic or atypical nevi (2).
Design and Analysis for a 60-GHz Low-Noise Amplifier With RF ESD Protection (2009)

<para xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> An RF electrostatic discharge (ESD) protection for millimeter-wave (MMW) regime applied to a 60-GHz low-noise amplifier (LNA) in mixed-signal and RF purpose 0.13-<formula formulatype="inline"><tex Notation="TeX">$\mu{\hbox{m}}$</tex> </formula> CMOS technology is demonstrated in this paper. The measured results show that this chip achieves a small signal gain of 20.4 dB and a noise figure (NF) of 8.7 dB at 60 GHz with 65-mW dc power consumption. Without ESD protection, the LNA exhibits a gain of 20.2 dB and an NF of 7.2 dB at 60 GHz. This ESD protection using an impedance isolation method to minimize the RF performance degradation sustains 6.5-kV voltage level of the human body model on the diode and 1.5 kV on the core circuit, which is much higher than that without ESD protection (<formula formulatype="inline"> <tex Notation="TeX">$≪$</tex></formula>350 V). To our knowledge, this is the first CMOS LNA with RF ESD protection in the MMW regime and has the highest operation frequency reported to date. </para>
Frequency of severe hypoglycemia in insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus can be predicted from self-monitoring blood glucose data. (1994)

Severe hypoglycemia is associated with insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus and may occur more frequently as metabolic control approaches normal. The goal of this study was to determine whether the frequency of severe hypoglycemia could be predicted by the following predictor variables: 1) frequency and degree of low blood glucose (BG) readings, 2) degree of BG variability during routine self-monitoring blood glucose (SMBG) readings, and 3) level of glycemic control measured by glycosylated hemoglobin-A1 (HbA1). Seventy-eight insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus subjects from 3 different sites had their glycosylated HbA1 assayed and then performed 50 SMBG recordings during the next 2-3 weeks. Over the following 6 months, subjects recorded their severe hypoglycemic episodes (stupor or unconsciousness). There was no difference in the number of severe hypoglycemic episodes between subjects in good vs. poor metabolic control. A higher frequency of severe hypoglycemia during the subsequent 6 months was predicted by frequent and extreme low SMBG readings and variability in day to day SMBG readings. Regression analysis indicated that 44% of the variance in severe hypoglycemic episodes could be accounted for by initial measures of BG variance and the extent of low BG readings. Patients who recorded variable and frequent very low BG readings during routine SMBG were at higher risk for subsequent severe hypoglycemia. Individuals who had lower glycosylated Hb levels were not at higher risk of severe hypoglycemic episodes.
Partially Carboxymethylated Feather Keratins. 2. Thermal and Mechanical Properties of Films (2000)

Free cysteine thiol groups of keratin extracted from chicken feathers were partially carboxymethylated with iodoacetic acid (25-76% cysteine modification). Stable dispersions were used for the preparation of films by solution casting. Glycerol was used as a plasticizer (0.05-0.47 g/g of keratin), and films were stored at a constant relative humidity (20, 30, 50, 70, or 90%). The degree of crystallinity in the films was higher when more cysteine residues were carboxymethylated. The films displayed an optimum in mechanical properties at approximately 50% cysteine carboxymethylation. The tensile strength at this optimum was 25 MPa, the E modulus, 350 MPa, and the elongation at break, 50%. Probably, this optimum was the result of both a decreasing amount of disulfide bonds and an increasing degree of crystallinity for higher degrees of cysteine modification. The influences of a higher amount of glycerol and of different storage conditions on the mechanical properties of films from keratin with a defined degree of cysteine modification were also investigated.
Constrained Clipping for Crest Factor Reduction in Multiple-user OFDM (2007)

Crest factor reduction (CFR) techniques aim to solve the high peak-to-average power ratio (PAR) problem encountered in the transmission of modern communication signals such as orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM). Constrained clipping is a promising CFR technique that is capable of large PAR reductions while guaranteeing that EVM and spectral mask constraints are met. In this paper, we analyze the computational complexity of constrained clipping and show that it is a practical technique that can be readily implemented. We then demonstrate its performance in a multiple-user OFDM environment such as the IEEE 802.16 OFDMA forward link. More than 5 dB of PAR reduction can be achieved in a four-user scenario
Unsupervised Tracking from Clustered Graph Patterns (2014)

This paper shows how data mining and in particular graph mining and clustering can help to tackle difficult tracking problems such as tracking possibly multiple objects in a video with a moving camera and without any contextual information on the objects to track. Starting from different segmentations of the video frames (dynamic and non dynamic ones), we extract frequent sub graph patterns to create spatio-temporal patterns that may correspond to interesting objects to track. We then cluster the obtained spatio-temporal patterns to get longer and more robust tracks along the video. We compare our tracking method called TRAP to two state-of-the-art tracking ones and show on four synthetic and real videos that our method is effective in this difficult context.
Mechanisms of TLR9 activation (2004)

Non-methylated CpG-motifs in bacterial or viral DNA are recognized by TLR9 as foreign. The activation of TLR9 by microbial DNA or synthetic oligonucleotides based on these motifs leads to the induction of innate immune responses. We have compared the subcellular localization of fluorescent versions of TLR9 and TLR4 and found that TLR9 is expressed in the endoplasmic reticulum while TLR4 is expressed on the plasma membrane. Fluorescently tagged bacterial DNA or CpG-DNA was observed to traffic to a tubular lysosomal compartment in human pDCs. In stimulated cells, TLR9 translocated to CpG-DNA or microbial DNA containing structures in the endosome, where TLR9 binds to DNA and initiates signaling.
Noninvasive Imaging of High-Frequency Drivers and Reconstruction of Global Dominant Frequency Maps in Patients With Paroxysmal and Persistent Atrial Fibrillation (2016)

The establishment of noninvasive imaging techniques localizing AF drivers would facilitate management of this significant cardiac arrhythmia.
A Second-Generation Phosphohistidine Analog for Production of Phosphohistidine Antibodies (2014)

Protein histidine phosphorylation plays a crucial role in cell signaling and central metabolism. However, its detailed functions remain elusive due to technical challenges in detecting and isolating proteins bearing phosphohistidine (pHis), a labile posttranslational modification (PTM). To address this issue, we previously developed the first pHis-specific antibodies using stable, synthetic triazole-based pHis analogs. A second-generation, pyrazole-based pHis analog that enabled the development of a pan-pHis antibody with much improved pHis specificity is now reported.
A Family of Genes Clustered at the <i>Triplo-lethal</i> Locus of <i>Drosophila melanogaster</i> Has an Unusual Evolutionary History and Significant Synteny With <i>Anopheles gambiae</i> (2003)

Within the unique Triplo-lethal region (Tpl) of the Drosophila melanogaster genome we have found a cluster of 20 genes encoding a novel family of proteins. This family is also present in the Anopheles gambiae genome and displays remarkable synteny and sequence conservation with the Drosophila cluster. The family is also present in the sequenced genome of D. pseudoobscura, and homologs have been found in Aedes aegypti mosquitoes and in four other insect orders, but it is not present in the sequenced genome of any noninsect species. Phylogenetic analysis suggests that the cluster evolved prior to the divergence of Drosophila and Anopheles (250 MYA) and has been highly conserved since. The ratio of synonymous to nonsynonymous substitutions and the high codon bias suggest that there has been selection on this family both for expression level and function. We hypothesize that this gene family is Tpl, name it the Osiris family, and consider possible functions. We also predict that this family of proteins, due to the unique dosage sensitivity and the lack of homologs in noninsect species, would be a good target for genetic engineering or novel insecticides.
Activation of CD8+ T Cells Contributes to Antitumor Effects of CDK4/6 Inhibitors plus MEK Inhibitors (2020)

Concurrent MEK and CDK4/6 inhibition shows promise in clinical trials for patients with advanced-stage mutant <i>BRAF</i>/<i>NRAS</i> solid tumors. The effects of CDK4/6 inhibitor (CDK4/6i) in combination with BRAF/MEK-targeting agents on the tumor immune microenvironment are unclear, especially in melanoma, for which immune checkpoint inhibitors are effective in approximately 50% of patients. Here, we show that patients progressing on CDK4/6i/MEK pathway inhibitor combinations exhibit T-cell exclusion. We found that MEK and CDK4/6 targeting was more effective at delaying regrowth of mutant <i>BRAF</i> melanoma in immunocompetent versus immune-deficient mice. Although MEK inhibitor (MEKi) treatment increased tumor immunogenicity and intratumoral recruitment of CD8<sup>+</sup> T cells, the main effect of CDK4/6i alone and in combination with MEKi was increased expression of CD137L, a T-cell costimulatory molecule on immune cells. Depletion of CD8<sup>+</sup> T cells or blockade of the CD137 ligand-receptor interaction reduced time to regrowth of melanomas in the context of treatment with CDK4/6i plus MEKi treatment <i>in vivo</i> Together, our data outline an antitumor immune-based mechanism and show the efficacy of targeting both the MEK pathway and CDK4/6.
Ventricular Preexcitation Modulates Strain and Attenuates Cardiac Remodeling in a Swine Model of Myocardial Infarction (2007)

Preexcitation of the left ventricle after myocardial infarction reduced strain and stroke work in the infarct and border regions in the short term and attenuated adverse ventricular remodeling in the long term.
Optical and Mechanical Properties of Hot‐Pressed Cesium Iodide (1990)

Polycrystalline CsI disks were fabricated by hot‐pressing in a nitrogen‐purged glove box. Densification during hotpressing occurred by plastic flow resulting from lattice dislocation glide. Primary recrystallization and extensive grain growth were observed. Both the optical and mechanical properties of this material were significantly affected by grain growth, but in opposite ways. Transmittance increased and strength decreased as grain size increased. The hot‐pressed CsI had transmittance of about 85% in the extra‐long‐wavelength infrared range, a value equivalent to that of single‐crystal CsI. The flexural strength of the CsI that was hot‐pressed under conditions that minimized grain growth was about 8 times higher than that of single‐crystal CsI.
Spatial perception of motion-tracked binaural sound (2005)

Motion-tracked binaural sound reproduction extends conventional headphone-based binaural techniques by providing the dynamic cues to sound localization produced by voluntary head motion [V. R. Algazi, R. O. Duda, and D. M. Thompson, J. Aud. Eng. Soc. 52, 1142–1156 (2004)]. It does this by using several microphones to sample the acoustic field around a dummy head, interpolating between the microphone signals in accordance with the dynamically measured orientation of the listener’s head. Although the provision of dynamic cues reduces the sensitivity of the method to characteristics of the individual listener, differences between the scattered field produced by the dummy head and the scattered field that would be produced by a particular listener distorts the spatial perception. A common observation is that sound sources appear to rise in elevation when the listener turns to face them. We investigate this effect by comparing the perceived rise in elevation under three different conditions: recordings in which recordings are made using (a) the listener’s own head, (b) a KEMAR mannequin, and (c) a cylindrical head with no torso. Quantitative results are presented showing the degree to which perceptual distortions are least for (a) and greatest for (c). [Work supported by NSF.]
Structure and polymorphism of ribosomal RNA genes in the marine shrimp Penaeus vannamei (1998)

We have examined the structure and polymorphism of the genes that encode ribosomal RNA in the Pacific whiteleg shrimp, Penaeus vannamei. We have found that the rRNA genes are polymorphic within and between individual shrimp and between selectively bred families. The polymorphism suggests the presence of repeated DNA sequence elements in the intergenic spacer region upstream from the promoter for transcription of the rRNA genes. In other organisms, such repeated elements have been shown to serve as alternative promoters or enhancers for transcription. If the same is true in P. vannamei, the observed polymorphism might be linked to traits important for shrimp aquaculture.
BackDoor (2017)

Consider sounds, say at 40kHz, that are completely outside the human's audible range (20kHz), as well as a microphone's recordable range (24kHz). We show that these high frequency sounds can be designed to become recordable by unmodified microphones, while remaining inaudible to humans. The core idea lies in exploiting non-linearities in microphone hardware. Briefly, we design the sound and play it on a speaker such that, after passing through the microphone's non-linear diaphragm and power-amplifier, the signal creates a "shadow" in the audible frequency range. The shadow can be regulated to carry data bits, thereby enabling an acoustic (but inaudible) communication channel to today's microphones. Other applications include jamming spy microphones in the environment, live watermarking of music in a concert, and even acoustic denial-of-service (DoS) attacks. This paper presents BackDoor, a system that develops the technical building blocks for harnessing this opportunity. Reported results achieve upwards of 4kbps for proximate data communication, as well as room-level privacy protection against electronic eavesdropping.
Use of “MGE Enhancers” for Labeling and Selection of Embryonic Stem Cell-Derived Medial Ganglionic Eminence (MGE) Progenitors and Neurons (2013)

The medial ganglionic eminence (MGE) is an embryonic forebrain structure that generates the majority of cortical interneurons. MGE transplantation into specific regions of the postnatal central nervous system modifies circuit function and improves deficits in mouse models of epilepsy, Parkinson's disease, pain, and phencyclidine-induced cognitive deficits. Herein, we describe approaches to generate MGE-like progenitor cells from mouse embryonic stem (ES) cells. Using a modified embryoid body method, we provided gene expression evidence that mouse ES-derived Lhx6(+) cells closely resemble immature interneurons generated from authentic MGE-derived Lhx6(+) cells. We hypothesized that enhancers that are active in the mouse MGE would be useful tools in detecting when ES cells differentiate into MGE cells. Here we demonstrate the utility of enhancer elements [422 (DlxI12b), Lhx6, 692, 1056, and 1538] as tools to mark MGE-like cells in ES cell differentiation experiments. We found that enhancers DlxI12b, 692, and 1538 are active in Lhx6-GFP(+) cells, while enhancer 1056 is active in Olig2(+) cells. These data demonstrate unique techniques to follow and purify MGE-like derivatives from ES cells, including GABAergic cortical interneurons and oligodendrocytes, for use in stem cell-based therapeutic assays and treatments.
Instrument for the measurement of retinal vessel oxygen saturation (1999)

Retinal vessel oxygen saturation has been suggested as a parameter for monitoring a wide range of conditions including occult blood los and a variety of ophthalmic diseases. We have developed an Eye Oximeter (EOX), that noninvasively measures the oxygen saturation of the blood in individual large retinal vessels using scanning lasers. 1D vessel extinction profiles are obtained at four wavelengths (629, 678, 821 and 899 nm), and the vessel transmittances computed. The oxygen saturation of blood within the vessel is then calculated from the transmittance data. We have performed an in vitro experiment on human blood which demonstrates the calibration of the EOX measurements and validates our oximetry equations. Retinal vessel oxygen saturation was measured in a human subject and found to be 65%O<SUB>2</SUB>Sat and 101 - 102%O<SUB>2</SUB>Sat in the veins and arteries on the optic disk. Irregularities in the background measured away from the optic disk resulted in a large variance in the calculated saturation when compared to measurements made on the disk.
Linguistically informed automatic speech recognition (2002)

The development of an automatic event-based speech recognition system (EBS) that relies heavily on acoustic phonetics (to guide the recognition process and to extract relevant information) and combines a phonetic-feature hierarchy with a uniform statistical framework (at present, Support Vector Machines) to provide adaptability and flexibility is currently under way. This recognition framework allows for easy assessment and distinction of the performances of the acoustic parameters versus that of the pattern recognizer. The overall structure of EBS involves (1) landmark detection based on acoustic parameters that are related to the source and manner-of-articulation phonetic features and (2) use of the landmarks in the extraction of other acoustic parameters related to the place-of-articulation phonetic features. This talk will focus on the development of the acoustic parameters and the need for relative parameters for speaker independence, multi-time-scale processing to capture the dynamics of phonetic segments and extensive evaluation of the parameters to hone in on direct measures of the relevant acoustic properties. [Work supported by NSF and NIH.]
Towards wind farm performance optimization through empirical models (2014)

Wind Turbine performance improvement measurements are challenging, especially when improvements affect air flow to the nacelle anemometer sensor which is often used to baseline performance. Uncertainty in this area can impede optimization of wind farms by making it difficult to show the benefit of upgrades to individual turbines, jointly optimize wind turbine performance in a farm, and validate the effects of optimization algorithms - particularly farm level algorithms and strategies that mitigate waking affects. In this paper we introduce methods that augment traditional methods for baselining wind turbine performance using multi-feature estimation based on empirical data and present a method for normalizing AEP uncertainty estimates. This innovative method does not rely solely on nacelle anemometer estimates or expensive additional sensors, as has been the historical approach but can leverage these trusted sensors if they are available. Future directions for whole farm optimizations are discussed.
<sup>124</sup>Sn‐labelled tetra‐n‐butyltin and tri‐n‐butyltin bromide (1989)

Abstract Stable isotope‐labelled tetra‐n‐butyl (124) tin was synthesized by the reaction of n‐butylmagnesium bromide with 124 SnCl 4 . Tri‐n‐butyltin bromide was synthesized by bromine cleavage of the tetraalkyltin. The compound can be used to trace chemical, biological and physical processes in environmental and metabolic studies using gas chromatography and electron impact low resolution mass spectrometry. The simplified spectra of the isotopically enriched compounds leads to a twofold increase in detection sensitivity by GC/MS.
TbPRMT6 Is a Type I Protein Arginine Methyltransferase That Contributes to Cytokinesis in Trypanosoma brucei (2010)

Arginine methylation is a widespread posttranslational modification of proteins catalyzed by a family of protein arginine methyltransferases (PRMTs). In Saccharomyces cerevisiae and mammals, this modification affects multiple cellular processes, such as chromatin remodeling leading to transcriptional regulation, RNA processing, DNA repair, and cell signaling. The protozoan parasite Trypanosoma brucei possesses five putative PRMTs in its genome. This is a large number of PRMTs relative to other unicellular eukaryotes, suggesting an important role for arginine methylation in trypanosomes. Here, we present the in vitro and in vivo characterization of a T. brucei enzyme homologous to human PRMT6, which we term TbPRMT6. Like human PRMT6, TbPRMT6 is a type I PRMT, catalyzing the production of monomethylarginine and asymmetric dimethylarginine residues. In in vitro methylation assays, TbPRMT6 utilizes bovine histones as a substrate, but it does not methylate several T. brucei glycine/arginine-rich proteins. As such, it exhibits a relatively narrow substrate specificity compared to other T. brucei PRMTs. Knockdown of TbPRMT6 in both procyclic form and bloodstream form T. brucei leads to a modest but reproducible effect on parasite growth in culture. Moreover, upon TbPRMT6 depletion, both PF and BF exhibit aberrant morphologies indicating defects in cell division, and these defects differ in the two life cycle stages. Mass spectrometry of TbPRMT6-associated proteins reveals histones, components of the nuclear pore complex, and flagellar proteins that may represent TbPRMT6 substrates contributing to the observed growth and morphological defects.
Planar waveguide spatial heterodyne spectrometer (2007)

ABSTRACT Design and simulations of a Fourier-transform planar wavegui de spectrometer are presented in the context of space-born observations of water in the near infrared spectral region. Spatial heterodyning of an optical signal is realized by using arrayed waveguide structures which prod uce spectrally-dependent interference fri nges. The light spectrum is calculated using discrete spatial Fourier transforma tion of the fringes. The arrayed wavegu ides form a multi-aperture input which markedly increases the optical throughput (etendue) of the device compared to single-aperture spectrometers. Keywords: spectrometers, waveguides, Fourie r spectroscopy, optical circuits 1. INTRODUCTION High-resolution microspectrometers have important applications in optical telecommunications, genomics and health diagnostics, environmental monitoring, and space-born sensing. In applications where small size, robustness and simplicity of fabrication are important it is advantageous to employ devices based on planar optical waveguides. For instance, waveguide spectrometers