gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
XLR 600i: recirculating ring ArF light source for double patterning immersion lithography (2008)

Double patterning (DP) lithography is expected to be deployed at the 32nm node to enable the extension of high NA (≥1.3) scanner systems currently used for 45nm technology. Increasing the light source power is one approach to address the intrinsically lower throughput that DP imposes. Improved energy stability also provides a means to improve throughput by enabling fewer pulses per exposure slit window, which in turn enables the use of higher scanner stage speeds. Current excimer laser light sources for deep UV immersion lithography are operating with powers as high as 60W at 6 kHz repetition rates. In this paper, we describe the introduction of the XLR 600i, a 6 kHz excimer laser that produces 90W power, based on a recirculating ring technology. Improved energy stability is inherent to the ring technology. Key to the successful acceptance of such a higher power, or higher energy laser is the ability to reduce operating costs. For this reason, the recirculating ring technology provides some unique advantages that cannot be realized with conventional excimer lasers today. Longer intrinsic pulse durations that develop in the multi-pass ring architecture reduce the peak power that the optics are subjected to, thereby improving lifetime. The ring architecture also improves beam uniformity that results in a significantly reduced peak energy density, another key factor in preserving optics lifetime within the laser as well as in the scanner. Furthermore, in a drive to reduce operating costs while providing advanced technical capability, the XLR 600i includes an advanced gas control management system that extends the time between gas refills by a factor of ten, offering a significant improvement in productive time. Finally, the XLR 600i provides a novel bandwidth stability control system that reduces variability to provide better CD control, which results in higher wafer yields.
The Social Costs of Cheap Pseudonyms: fostering cooperation on the Internet (1998)

On the Internet it is easy for someone to obtain a new identity. This introduces opportunities to misbehave without paying reputational consequences. A large degree of cooperation can still emerge, through a convention in which newcomers ``pay their dues'' by accepting poor treatment from players who have established positive reputations. One might hope for an open society where newcomers are treated well, but there is an inherent social cost in making the spread of reputations optional. We prove that no equilibrium can sustain significantly more cooperation than the dues-paying equilibrium in a repeated random matching game with a large number of players in which players have finite lives and the ability to change their identities, and there is a small but nonvanishing probability of mistakes. Although one could remove the inefficiency of mistreating newcomers by disallowing anonymity, this is not practical or desirable in a wide variety of transactions. We discuss the use of entry fees, which permits newcomers to be trusted but excludes some players with low payoffs, thus introducing a different inefficiency. We also discuss the use of free but unreplaceable pseudonyms, and describe a mechanism which implements them using standard encryption techniques.
The concept of spirituality and its role in end-of-life care (2008)

The examination of spirituality and its role in end-of-life care has generated a great deal of debate. Spirituality is a difficult concept to define as it is unique to each individual and is influenced by upbringing, culture and different life experience. Spirituality and religion are terms that are often used interchangeably. However, although they are not necessarily synonymous, there is an overlap. This article is intended to explore the concept of spirituality and the need for its inclusion within end-of-life care. The method of exploration will be reflective, drawing together three separate strands: one patient’s story as he approached death, the author’s own thoughts on the spiritual dimension in end-of-life care and the use of clinical vignettes to illustrate aspects of spirituality. The article also reflects some of the challenges that face those involved with the provision of care for patients as they approach the end of life. Conflicts of interest: none.
Nintedanib plus letrozole in early breast cancer: a phase 0/I pharmacodynamic, pharmacokinetic, and safety clinical trial of combined FGFR1 and aromatase inhibition (2019)

This trial was registered at www.clinicaltrials.gov under reg. # NCT02619162, on December 2, 2015.
The Plastid Membranes of Barley (<i>Hordeum vulgare</i>) (1978)

Illumination of dark‐grown barley plants induces a massive insertion of the light‐harvesting chlorophyll a/b protein into the developing thylakoid membrane. In addition to the onset of chlorophyll synthesis, light induces specifically the appearance of a prominent mRNA species which codes for a polypeptide of M r 29500. This component was identified as a precursor of the apoprotein of the light‐harvesting chlorophyll a/b protein. The precursor has an M r larger than the authentic protein by approximately 4000. Studies of the chlorophyll‐ b ‐less mutant chlorina f2 of barley offer the first clue to the mechanism which controls the light‐dependent mRNA formation. The induction of the mRNA coding for the apoprotein of the light‐harvesting chlorophyll a/b protein does not seem to be linked directly to the assembly process of the light‐harvesting structure and does not require chlorophyll b . It is proposed that light exerts its influence on the mRNA formation by a reaction which is different from the phototransformation of protochlorophyll(ide) to chlorophyll(ide).
Un punto de vista sobre la perversión (2006)

Cuando en 1905 Freud expuso en los Tres Ensayos la primera version de su teoria de la pulsion, lo hizo a partir del estudio de las perversiones sexuales. Esquematicamente, su camino lo lleva a considerar la perversion como universal: las pulsiones parciales son fundamentalmente perversas. Esta especulacion freudiana no es una psicologia, no tiene nada que ver con la observacion, es una metapsicologia.
A comparison of the OFDA2000 with conventional mid-side testing of mohair (2004)

The portable fibre-testing instrument OFDA2000 has applications in the mohair industry for both fibre classing and animal selection. A comparison was completed between single-staple mid-side testing using an OFDA2000 and conventional laboratory mid-side testing using an OFDA100. Mid-side mohair samples (n=504) were collected from two consecutive shearings of a mixed sex group of Angora kids at 6 and 12 months of age. The samples were at the fine end (average 20.9 µm) of the mean fibre diameter range of mohair. There was a bias between the estimates of mean fibre diameter at both shearings. The other traits studied also had biases between measurement methods. The regression analyses results of mean fibre diameter from the two test methods accounted for 91% and 88% of the variance for first and second shearings, respectively. Regression analyses between test methods for standard deviation, coefficient of variation of fibre diameter and fibre curvature accounted for less variance than the regressions of mean fibre diameter results. The results indicate OFDA2000 is suitable for estimation of mean fibre diameter of greasy kid mohair staples and is therefore useful for both mohair classing and Angora selection.
Resistance to ixodid tick infestation induced by administration of tick-tissue culture cells (1985)

Primary tissue culture cells of developing larvae of Amblyomma americanum were administered to guinea-pigs never previously exposed to ixodid ticks. Guinea-pigs were given 1 X 10(6) primary culture cells on Days 0, 7 and 21 by subcutaneous injection and challenged with male and female A. americanum on Day 35. A significant degree of induced host tick resistance was expressed by reduced engorgement weight of females, reduced oviposition by those females which did obtain a blood meal, and by death of ticks at the attachment site. Resistance induced by A. americanum primary culture cells stimulated a significant degree of resistance to infestation with Dermacentor andersoni adults.
Tautomeric character of 3-heteroarylmethylene-2-oxo-1,2,3,4-tetrahydroquinoxalines. (1985)

The proton nuclear magnetic resonance (1H-NMR) spectra of some 3-(1, 3, 4-oxadiazol-5-ylmethylene)-2-oxo-1, 2, 3, 4-tetrahydroquinoxalines and 3-(1, 2, 4-triazol-5-ylmethylene)-2-oxo-1, 2, 3, 4-tetrahydroquinoxalines were measured in dimethylsulfoxide-d6 (DMSO-d6), trifluoroacetic acid (TFA), and TFA-d1. The spectra in DMSO-d6 indicated that 2, 3, 4, and 5 existed as the two tautomers A and B, and 6, 7, and 8 as a single tautomer. From the spectra of 2, 3, 4, and 5 in DMSO-d6, it was elucidated that tautomer A was predominant over tautomer B at low temperature, while the ratio of the tautomer B gradually increased with increase of the temperature. The spectra in TFA indicated that 2 occurred as the three tautomers C, D, and E, while 3, 4, and 5 existed as a single tautomer, D. Compounds 6 and 7 also appeared to isomerize in TFA, that is, 6 existed as the two tautomers C and E, while 7 existed as two of the three tautomers C, E, and G. Compound 8 was predominantly present in the form of tautomer C or E.
Transparent Perovskite Barium Stannate with High Electron Mobility and Thermal Stability (2017)

Transparent conducting oxides (TCOs) and transparent oxide semiconductors (TOSs) have become necessary materials for a variety of applications in the information and energy technologies, ranging from transparent electrodes to active electronics components. Perovskite barium stannate (BaSnO 3 ), a new TCO or TOS system, is a potential platform for realizing optoelectronic devices and observing novel electronic quantum states due to its high electron mobility, excellent thermal stability, high transparency, structural versatility, and flexible doping controllability. This article reviews recent progress in the doped BaSnO 3 system, discussing the wide range of physical properties, electron-scattering mechanism, and demonstration of key semiconducting devices such as pn diodes and field-effect transistors. Moreover, we discuss the pathways to achieving two-dimensional electron gases at the interface between BaSnO 3 and other perovskite oxides and describe remaining challenges for observing novel quantum phenomena at the heterointerface.
Condition monitoring and diagnosis for subsea control systems. A subsystem prototype (2009)

This paper presents a prototype for condition monitoring on subsea electronic modules. The proposed prototype is a model based tool and includes residual analysis for fault detection, considering the principal measurable variables on the electronic module. A hierarchical health index structure has been developed for this application which can be also extended to the rest of the subsystems. Prototype tests with real data considering healthy and faulty conditions have been performed to demonstrate the prototype potentials.
Clinical studies of p53 in treatment and benefit of breast cancer patients. (1999)

This article describes p53 as a prognostic and predictive factor, together with some information on how best to determine the p53 status. By December 1998, 13,000 articles on p53 were identified on Pub Med, the National Library of Medicine. Within one week a further 62 articles were recorded making it difficult to give the complete p53 story. This review article will focus on discussing p53 in relation to its predictive potential. So far, no firm conclusions can be made based on the articles studied. This may be, in part, because many studies have used less than optimal techniques for determination of the p53 status, together with the fact that the studies lacked power to detect a potential difference in outcome from specific therapy in relation to p53 status.
Blood Plasma Thermograms Dataset Analysisby Means of InterCriteria and Correlation Analyses for the Case of Colorectal Cancer (2016)

The approaches of InterCriteria Analysis and Correlation Analysis are applied to a dataset of calorimetric and statistical parameters obtained from blood plasma proteome thermograms of colorectal cancer patients. The analysis was performed for four individual predefined subsets of calorimetric profiles. Specific interrelations between the studied criteria were identified that were found to differ among the different calorimetric subsets. For three of the subsets the enthalpy of the thermal profiles was in strong consonance with the excess heat capacity of the immunoglobulins assigned thermal transition. For the calorimetric subsets that differed most from the control healthy set a strong interrelation between the excess heat capacities of the main plasma proteins (albumin and immunoglobulins) was additionally evident. Our results demonstrate that these mathematical approaches can complement the analysis of calorimetric datasets generated for a variety of diseases.
Aspirin Use and Reduced Risk of Pancreatic Cancer (2016)

People who take aspirin for prevention of other diseases likely also reduce their risk of pancreatic cancer. Aside from benefits for both cardiovascular disease and certain cancers, long-term aspirin use entails some risks of bleeding complications, which necessitates risk-benefit analysis for individual decisions about use. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev; 26(1); 68-74. ©2016 AACR.
Creating interactive web data applications with spreadsheets (2014)

While more and more data are available through web services, it remains difficult for end-users to create web applications that make use of these data without having to write complex code. We present Gneiss, a live programming environment that extends the spreadsheet metaphor to support creating interactive web applications that dynamically use local or web data from multiple sources. Gneiss closely integrates a spreadsheet editor with a web interface builder to let users demonstrate bindings between properties of web GUI elements and cells in the spreadsheet while working with real web service data. The spreadsheet editor provides two-way connections to web services, to both visualize and retrieve different data based on the user input in the web interface. Gneiss achieves rich interactivity without the need for event-based programming by extending the 'pull model' of formulas that is familiar to the spreadsheet users. We use a series of examples to demonstrate Gneiss's ability to create a variety of interactive web data applications.
Retinal sensitivity to flicker modulation: reduced by early age-related maculopathy. (2000)

Retinal CFS losses can be detected in ARM by evaluating the FERG as a function of flicker modulation depth. Reduced response gain and phase delays, with normal thresholds, are associated with early lesions. Increased response thresholds, in addition to gain and phase abnormalities, may reflect more advanced lesions. Evaluating CFS by FERG may directly document different stages of macular dysfunction in ARM.
Psychological predictors of hypertension in the Framingham Study. Is there tension in hypertension? (1993)

<h3>Objective.</h3> —To test the hypothesis that heightened anxiety, heightened anger intensity, and suppressed expression of anger increase the risk of hypertension, using the Framingham Heart Study. <h3>Design.</h3> —A cohort of men and women without evidence of hypertension at baseline were followed up for 18 to 20 years. Baseline measures of anxiety (tension), anger symptoms, and expression of anger (anger-in and anger-out) were taken, along with biological and behavioral predictors of hypertension (initial systolic blood pressure, heart rate, relative weight, age, hematocrit, alcohol intake, smoking, education, and glucose intolerance). <h3>Participants.</h3> —A total of 1123 initially normotensive persons (497 men, 626 women) were included. Analyses were stratified by age (45 to 59 or ≥60 years) and gender. <h3>Main Outcome Measures.</h3> —Hypertension was defined as either taking medication for hypertension or blood pressures higher than 160/95 mm Hg at a biennial examination. <h3>Results.</h3> —In univariate analyses, middle-aged men who went on to develop hypertension had greater baseline anxiety levels than men who remained normotensive (<i>P</i>=.04). Older hypertensive men had fewer anger symptoms at baseline (<i>P</i>=.04) and were less likely to hold their anger in (<i>P</i>=.01) than normotensives. In multivariate Cox regression analysis including biological predictors, anxiety remained an independent predictor of hypertension in middle-aged men (<i>P</i>=.02). Among older men, anger symptoms and anger-in did not remain significant predictors in the multivariate analysis. Further analysis showed that only middle-aged men with very high levels of anxiety were at increased risk (relative risk, 2.19; 95% confidence interval, 1.22 to 3.94). No psychological variable predicted hypertension in middle-aged or older women in either univariate or multivariate analyses. <h3>Conclusions.</h3> —The results indicate that among middle-aged men, but not women, anxiety levels are predictive of later incidence of hypertension. (<i>JAMA</i>. 1993;270:2439-2443)
Cloning of the genes for human stromelysin and stromelysin 2: differential expression in rheumatoid synovial fibroblasts (1989)

Stromelysin is a member of a gene family of metalloproteinases involved in extracellular matrix remodeling in normal and diseased processes. Primary cultures of rheumatoid synovial cells produce large amounts of metalloproteinase mRNA and proteins. We cloned a cDNA for human stromelysin from a rheumatoid synovial cell cDNA library, and we used the cDNA to isolate the gene for human stromelysin and a related gene, stromelysin 2. We sequenced parts of the genes and found that both are contained on approximately 14 kilobase pairs of DNA. Using an exon-containing fragment of the stromelysin 2 genomic clone as a specific probe in Northern blot analysis, we demonstrate the differential expression of stromelysin and stromelysin 2 in rheumatoid synovial cells, human foreskin fibroblasts, and rabbit synovial fibroblasts. In addition, using chimeric constructs of the stromelysin promoter linked to the bacterial gene chloramphenicol acetyltransferase (CAT), we show that the elements required for the tumor promoter phorbol myristate acetate (PMA), epidermal growth factor (EGF), and interleukin 1 beta (IL-1 beta) induction are contained on a 307 base pair fragment which includes approximately 270 base pairs (bp) of 5'-flanking DNA. The cloning of the human stromelysin and stromelysin 2 genes, the documentation of their differential expression, and the identification of transcriptional regulatory regions in the stromelysin gene will facilitate the study of metalloproteinase gene expression in normal processes and in diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis.
Enhancing islet transplantation using a biocompatible collagen-PDMS bioscaffold enriched with dexamethasone-microplates (2021)

Islet transplantation is a promising approach to enable type 1 diabetic patients to attain glycemic control independent of insulin injections. However, up to 60% of islets are lost immediately following transplantation. To improve this outcome, islets can be transplanted within bioscaffolds, however, synthetic bioscaffolds induce an intense inflammatory reaction which can have detrimental effects on islet function and survival. In the present study, we first improved the biocompatibility of polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) bioscaffolds by coating them with collagen. To reduce the inflammatory response to PDMS bioscaffolds, we then enriched the bioscaffolds with dexamethasone-loaded microplates (DEX-μScaffolds). These DEX-microplates have the ability to release DEX in a sustained manner over 7 weeks within a therapeutic range that does not affect the glucose responsiveness of the islets but which minimizes inflammation in the surrounding microenvironment. The bioscaffold showed excellent mechanical properties that enabled it to resist pore collapse thereby helping to facilitate islet seeding and its handling for implantation, and subsequent engraftment, within the epididymal fat pad (EFP). Following the transplantation of islets into the EFP of diabetic mice using DEX-μScaffolds there was a return in basal blood glucose to normal values by day 4, with normoglycemia maintained for 30 d. Furthermore, these animals demonstrated a normal dynamic response to glucose challenges with histological evidence showing reduced pro-inflammatory cytokines and fibrotic tissue surrounding DEX-μScaffolds at the transplantation site. In contrast, diabetic animals transplanted with either islets alone or islets in bioscaffolds without DEX microplates were not able to regain glycemic control during basal conditions with overall poor islet function. Taken together, our data show that coating PDMS bioscaffolds with collagen, and enriching them with DEX-microplates, significantly prolongs and enhances islet function and survival.
Updating Gender in Electronic Medical Records – A Commentary (2017)

It is argued in this commentary that many patient intake and permanent medical record forms make archaic assumptions about use of the word "gender." A further argument is made for change that accounts for the needs of persons who do not readily identify as "male" or "female." Several suggestions for making such accommodations available are offered.
Fetal Risk Associated with Rubella Vaccine: An Update (1985)

One hundred nineteen women susceptible to rubella received RA27/3 vaccine, 94 received either Cendehill or HPV-77 vaccine, and one received a vaccine of unknown strain in the three months before or after their estimated date of conception. They gave birth to 216 living infants free of abnormalities compatible with the congenital rubella syndrome (CRS). The maximum theoretical risk for CRS for these infants was 1.7%. Four of these infants born to susceptible women had laboratory evidence of subclinical infection (three after receiving Cendehill or HPV-77 vaccines and one after receiving RA27/3 vaccine) but were normal at birth and at subsequent follow-up examinations. Rubella virus was isolated from the products of conception for only 3% (1 of 32) of cases involving susceptible women who received RA27/3 vaccine; the reported rate of virus isolation for Cendehill and HPV-77 vaccine is 20%. The available data indicate that if vaccination occurs within three months of conception, the risk is negligible. However, since the actual risk may not be zero, women known to be pregnant should not be vaccinated, and conception should be avoided for three months after vaccination.