gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Plasma Factors that Determine Endothelial Cell Lipid Toxicity in Vitro Correctly Identify Women with Preeclampsia in Early and Late Pregnancy (1996)

Objective: We proposed that women who develop preeclampsia have a low ratio of “protective” toxicity preventing activity (TxPA) to “toxic” very low density lipoproteins (VLDL) late in pregnancy. Having confirmed this hypothesis, we then tested whether this low ratio would manifest itself early in the pregnancy of women who develop preeclampsia.Methods: Serially collected plasma from women who developed preeclampsia and from matched controls was assayed blind for TxPA, tri-glycerides, cholesterol, high-density lipoproteins, albumin, and nonesterified fatty acids (NEFA).Main Outcome Measures: Plasma concentrations of lipids, NEFA, and proteins which bind NEFA (TxPA and albumin) were measured in normal and preeclamptic women. These parameters were formulated prior to data collection because of the low albumin/triglyceride ratios and the elevated NEFA levels reported to occur in preeclampsia.Results: In late pregnancy, TxPA was lower (1.82 ± 0.63 vs. 2.30 ± 0.40 g/dL, P = 0.008) and VLDL higher (292 ± 130 vs. 206 ± 60 mg/dL, P = 0.013) in preeclamptics than in controls. Discrimination analysis (TxPA and triglyceride), correctly classified 95% of the preeclamptics and 79% of the controls in late pregnancy. The ratio of TxPA to non-TxPA and triglyceride correctly classified 92% of the preeclamptics and 85% of the controls in early pregnancy.Conclusions: The ratio of TxPA to VLDL accurately distinguishes preeclamptic from normal pregnant women, suggesting that both these factors are involved in the development of preeclampsia.
Extremely low frequency electromagnetic fields and cancer: the epidemiologic evidence. (1991)

This paper reviews the epidemiologic evidence that low frequency electromagnetic fields generated by alternating current may be a cause of cancer. Studies examining residential exposures of children and adults and studies of electrical and electronics workers are reviewed. Using conventional epidemiologic criteria for inferring causal associations, including strength and consistency of the relationship, biological plausibility, and the possibility of bias as an explanation, it is concluded that the evidence is strongly suggestive that such radiation is carcinogenic. The evidence is strongest for brain and central nervous system cancers in electrical workers and children. Weaker evidence supports an association with leukemia in electrical workers. Some evidence also exists for an association with melanoma in electrical workers. Failure to find consistent evidence of a link between residential exposures and adult cancers may be attributable to exposure misclassification. Studies so far have used imperfect surrogates for any true biologically effective magnetic field exposure. The resulting exposure misclassification has produced relative risk estimates that understate any true risk.
GaN n- and p-type Schottky diodes: Effect of dry etch damage (2000)

The reverse breakdown voltage (V/sub B/) and forward turn-on voltage (V/sub F/) of n- and p-GaN Schottky diodes were used to examine the effects of Cl/sub 2//Ar and Ar plasma damage. Even short plasma exposures (4 secs) produced large changes in both V/sub B/ and V/sub F/, with ion mass being a critical factor in determining the magnitude of the changes. The damage depth was established to be 500-600 /spl Aring/ and the damaged material could be removed in boiling NaOH solutions, producing a full recovery of the diode properties. Annealing at 700 to 800/spl deg/C under N/sub 2/ produced only a partial recovery of V/sub B/ and V/sub F/.
Assessment of the effectiveness of wrong way driving countermeasures and mitigation methods. (2014)

This is a report by the Texas A&M Transportation Institute to cover the crash data from 2007-2011 on the majority of wrong way driving crashes.
Physics of the tennis racket (1979)

Several parameters concerning the performance of tennis rackets are examined both theoretically and experimentally. Information is obtained about the location of the center of percussion, the time a ball spends in contact with the strings, the period of oscillation of a tennis racket, and the coefficient of restitution of a tennis ball. From these data it may be possible to design a racket with improved playing characteristics.
Phenotype and Function of Somatic Primary Afferent Nociceptive Neurones with C‐, Aδ‐ or Aα/β‐Fibres (2002)

Nociceptive dorsal root ganglion (DRG) neurones have fibres that conduct in the C, Adelta and Aalpha/beta conduction velocity range. The properties of nociceptive compared with non-nociceptive somatic afferent dorsal root ganglion neurones appear to fall into two patterns, A and B. Pattern A properties of nociceptive neurones, the more common type, include longer action potential duration and slower maximum rate of fibre firing, as well as a greater expression of substance P and calcitonin gene-related peptide immunoreactivity. The values of pattern A properties appear to be graded according to the conduction velocity group (C, Adelta or Aalpha/beta) of the fibres. The most pronounced forms of A-type properties are expressed by nociceptive neurones with C-fibres, and these become less pronounced in nociceptive neurones with Adelta-fibres and least pronounced in those with Aalpha/beta fibres (C > Adelta > Aalpha/beta). Some of these properties are also expressed in a less extreme but similarly graded manner through C, Adelta and Aalpha/beta groups of non-nociceptive low threshold mechanoreceptive (LTM) neurone. The less common pattern B properties of nociceptive neurones have similar values in C-, Adelta- and Aalpha/beta-fibre nociceptive neurones but these clearly differ from LTM units with C-, Adelta- and Aalpha/beta-fibre conduction velocities. These features of nociceptive neurones include consistently larger action potential overshoots and longer after-hyperpolarisation durations in nociceptive than in LTM neurones.
Preparing microemulsions with silicone surfactants (2008)

In this paper, we present the results of investigations on the microemulsification of short-chain siloxanes, in particular, hexamethyl-disiloxane (HMDS), by silicone surfactants of the polyoxyethylene and amine type. The ethoxylated surfactants exhibit a temperature-dependent phase behavior similar to that of the well-known alkyl poly(glycol ethers). The amines phase behavior is less sensitive to temperature and microemulsions emerge after addition of short-chain alkanols, thereby their carbon number being a function of the size of the surfactants hydrophobic part. The amount of amphiphile (and alkanol) required for homogeneous mixtures of water and HMDS falls within the range of 15–25 wt%. The phase behavior is rather insensitive to added salt. Serious problems for the stability of microemulsions arise from the sensitivity of the surfactants to hydrolytic decomposition. Only the amine derivative with a (CH3)3 Sihydrophobe exhibits a necessary long-time stability.
Speech To Speech Translation: Challenges and Future (2022)

The different languages in the world and the various native mother tongues have distinct origins. Speech is the most widely recognized method of articulation, with an average individual talking more than 11000 words each day. Speech can make each other understand actions and thoughts, be it a dialogue, conversation, or even a presentation. The passage of information would be ineffective if the other party did not understand the language of communication. As a result, a system capable of bridging the linguistic divide is required. Speech-to-speech translation is one such system that can be useful in facilitating communication between people who speak different languages. Efforts are constantly taken all around the globe to accomplish this objective and set it up as a regular occurrence to assist everybody. This paper describes a significant international and inter-institutional effort in this direction, highlighting the current challenges being faced as well as the future of the technology of Speech-to speech translation. The developed language-specific technology, parallel corpora, and speech unit (segmental) database are all been described.
Antipsychotics and Community-Acquired Pneumonia (2010)

In 2005, the FDA warned of increased mortality — mostly from pneumonia — among older patients with dementia who were being treated with atypical antipsychotic drugs (e.g., clozapine, risperidone). In 2008, that warning was extended to include conventional antipsychotics as well (butyrophenones and phenothiazines). Since then, the possibility of an association between antipsychotic drug use and pneumonia …
An analytic solution of the choppers ripple currents (2002)

The authors show that the combined application of Fourier and complex analysis results in the analytic solution of the chopper ripple current as a function of circuit and control parameters. It is shown how the squared RMS of the chopper ripple currents can be derived, and some practical cases are analyzed. The analysis is performed using a three-phase chopper. The method is experimentally verified on model chopper drives with the DC motor as a load.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Deep Neural Network Approach to GNSS Signal Acquisition (2020)

This paper investigates the use of data-driven models, popular in the machine learning literature, as an alternative to well-engineered signal processing blocks used in state-of-the-art GNSS receivers. Acknowledging that the latter are optimally designed and extensively tested, it is also agreed that when the nominal models do not hold the performance of the receiver might degrade. Particularly, we investigate the use of data-driven models in the signal acquisition stage of the receiver by addressing a classification problem from Cross Ambiguity Function (CAF) delay/Doppler maps. A discussion on the training of such models and future perspectives is provided. The detection results in nominal situations are then compared to the theoretical bound in the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) plots.
Resource Provisioning for IoT Services in the Fog (2016)

The advent of the Internet of Things (IoT) leads to the pervasion of business and private spaces with ubiquitous, networked computing devices. These devices do not simply act as sensors, but feature computational, storage, and networking resources. These resources are close to the edge of the network, and it is a promising approach to exploit them in order to execute IoT services. This concept is known as fog computing. Despite existing theoretical foundations, the adoption of fog computing is still at its very beginning. Especially, there is a lack of approaches for the leasing and releasing of resources. To resolve this shortcoming, we present a conceptual framework for fog resource provisioning. We formalize an optimization problem which is able to take into account existing resources in fog/IoT landscapes. The goal of this optimization problem is to provide delay-sensitive utilization of available fog-based computational resources. We evaluate the resource provisioning model to show the benefits of our contributions. Our results show a decrease in delays of up to 39% compared to a baseline approach, yielding shorter round-trip times and makespans.
Immunoglobulin G responses in 21 dogs with skin diseases to antigens from different isolates of <i>Staphylococcus intermedius</i> (2008)

The aim of this study was to characterise the immunoglobulin G (IgG) response in 21 dogs with or without pyoderma to antigens from six isolates of Staphylococcus intermedius. The staphylococcal proteins were separated by sodium dodecyl sulphate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, transferred electrophoretically on to a membrane and subjected to immunoblotting with the dogs' serum. Gels containing separated proteins from the six isolates revealed 29 to 33 distinct bands with molecular weights ranging from 20 to 230 kDa. All the dogs' sera contained IgG that recognised 12 to 24 bands (mean 17), regardless of whether the dogs had pyoderma. The recognised proteins had molecular weights ranging from 20 to 198 kDa but the majority had molecular weights below 75 kDa. The most intense band in all six isolates had a molecular weight of 28 to 29 kDa. The antibody responses to the six isolates were essentially similar except that there were significantly more bands in the response to isolate 2 than to isolate 6, and occasional differences in the intensity of individual bands. All 21 dogs mounted an IgG response to multiple antigens in S intermedius, which differed only marginally between the six isolates. This lack of variation provides evidence that the host's response to different isolates of S intermedius is not a major factor in canine pyoderma.
Methods for matching compressed video to ATM networks (2002)

Over the last few years three technologies have reached the stage of maturation where then can become synergistic. These are wideband, high speed networking, high quality video compression (MPEG-I and II), and high capacity affordable digital storage media. This paper addresses the interaction of these three technologies. In particular, it examines the problem of taking a compressed video data stream that is stored on a server, and transmitting it over an ATM channel which has a capacity smaller than that required by the data stream. The conventional approach to this problem would be to transcode by decoding the video data, and then re-encoding so as to meet the channel constraints. Currently this is not a cost effective solution since, while MPEG decoders are relatively inexpensive, encoders are not. Our approach to this problem is to partially decompress the video bitstream. Then, perform the transcoding in the quantized data domain. Finally, a valid bitstream is reassembled and transmitted. This approach has the advantage of providing nearly identical quality as the traditional transcoding approach, at a fraction of the hardware cost.
Design of an mHealth App for the Self-management of Adolescent Type 1 Diabetes: A Pilot Study (2012)

This mHealth diabetes app with the use of gamification incentives showed an improvement in the frequency of blood glucose monitoring in adolescents with type 1 diabetes. Extending this to improved health outcomes will require the incentives to be tied not only to frequency of blood glucose monitoring but also to patient actions and decision making based on those readings such that glycemic control can be improved.
Infrared optical constants of black powders determined from reflection measurements (1981)

The real and imaginary parts of the complex index of refraction have been measured in the 3-14-microm region for nine black powders. Data were obtained from specular reflection measurements on pressed powder disks. A vintage prism spectrometer was considerably modified for this study. Polarized radiation, detected with a cooled photoconductor, was used to generate isoreflectance curves from which the optical properties were extracted. With the exception of a bone charcoal sample, the optical constants of the black powders exhibited no spectral features in the wavelength range considered. Measured values were generally in agreement with published data on similar materials. Surface effects were found not to produce a significant limitation on the results of our method.
Role of mast cells in plasma permeation due to immune injury of the skin basement membrane. (1992)

Immune injury of the basement membrane occurs in various human diseases. In the present study, an antibody specific for the basement membrane of mouse skin was injected i.d. into mast cell-deficient WBB6F1-W/Wv mice and their congenic controls, WBB6F1-(+/+). Vascular permeability changes, oedema and fibrin deposition were assessed. Plasma permeation, evaluated by dye exudation, was time and dose dependent in both groups of animals, but significantly less in WBB6F1-W/Wv than in normal mice. At 30 min, the time of maximum in congenic controls, extravasation of the dye was 60% less in mast cell-deficient than in WBB6F1-(+/+) mice. Pyrilamine decreased exudation by 40% in normal but not in WBB6F1-W/Wv mice, indicating that the mast cell mediator histamine contributes to the increase in vascular permeability. Mast cell deficiency also markedly reduced fibrin deposition as assessed by direct immunostaining. Oedema, measured as skin thickness, was 60% less in WBB6F1-W/Wv mice than in their congenic controls. A 5-lipoxygenase blocker inhibited plasma exudation and oedema in normal but not in WBB6F1-W/Wv mice. This indicates that leukotrienes are involved in these processes and that mast cells are important for their production. Local mast cell reconstitution restored dye extravasation and oedema to normal levels as well as the effect of the 5-lipoxygenase inhibitor. These findings show that mast cells and their mediators participate in these inflammatory processes which were initiated by the deposition of IgG on the skin basement membrane.
New aspects on the role of lipoxygenases in cancer progression. (2005)

The Lipoxygenases (LOXs) are a class of enzymes that convert arachidonic, linoleic, and other polyunsaturated fatty acid into biologically active metabolites involved in the inflammatory and immune responses. Recent evidences indicate that LOXs and the signaling pathways that are involved in their activation are also important for carcinogenesis and tumor progression. LOXs should therefore receive as much attention from cancer researchers as it has already from immunologists. In this article, we will review some evidence that the LOXs pathways affect several aspects of lung, pancreatic and prostate cancer progression. Moreover, we discuss how this new perspective on the roles of LOXs and their metabolites can have important implications to cancer therapy.
Mechanism of the chromosomal translocation t(14;18) in lymphoma: detection of a 45-Kd breakpoint binding protein (1993)

The translocation t(14;18) between the BCL-2 oncogene and the Ig heavy chain (IgH) gene provides the molecular basis for the development of follicular lymphomas. The illegitimate recombination occurs in early B cells. While V(D)J-recombinase is most likely involved on the chromosome 14 part, little is known about the mechanism of breakage on chromosome 18. We investigated the BCL-2 breakpoint regions for their structural vulnerability and protein binding capacity. We found that the major breakpoint region (mbr) contains an S1 nuclease-sensitive site and is the target of an endogenous nuclease present in early B cells. A 45 Kd nuclear protein (bp45) from early B cell extracts binds to a homopurine-homopyrimidine stretch (GGGAGGACGGGAGGAAGGCG) in the mbr, which is homologous to a recombinatorial element in Escherichia coli (CHI). The protein also binds to homologous sequences in the minor breakpoint cluster region (mcr) and in the IgH locus. The localization of the binding sites on both chromosomes as well as the tissue distribution of bp45 suggest that this protein-DNA interaction is involved in the translocation t(14;18). The DNA binding motif is also present at other translocation breakpoints indicating a more general role for this mechanism.
Potential Modes of Interaction of 9-Aminomethyl-9,10-dihydroanthracene (AMDA) Derivatives with the 5-HT<sub>2A</sub>Receptor: A Ligand Structure-Affinity Relationship, Receptor Mutagenesis and Receptor Modeling Investigation (2008)

The effects of 3-position substitution of 9-aminomethyl-9,10-dihydroanthracene (AMDA) on 5-HT 2A receptor affinity were determined and compared to a parallel series of DOB-like 1-(2,5-dimethoxyphenyl)-2-aminopropanes substituted at the 4-position. The results were interpreted within the context of 5-HT 2A receptor models that suggest that members of the DOB-like series can bind to the receptor in two distinct modes that correlate with the compounds' functional activity. Automated ligand docking and molecular dynamics suggest that all of the AMDA derivatives, the parent of which is a 5-HT 2A antagonist, bind in a fashion analogous to that for the sterically demanding antagonist DOB-like compounds. The failure of the F340 (6.52)L mutation to adversely affect the affinity of AMDA and the 3-bromo derivative is consistent with the proposed modes of orientation. Evaluation of ligand-receptor complex models suggest that a valine/threonine exchange between the 5-HT 2A and D 2 receptors may be the origin of selectivity for AMDA and two substituted derivatives.
Design of Parallel Kinematic XY Flexure Mechanisms (2005)

This paper presents parallel kinematic XY mechanism designs that are based on a systematic constraint pattern. The constraint pattern, realized by means of double parallelogram flexure modules, is such that it allows large ranges of motion without over-constraining the mechanism or generating significant error motions. Nonlinear force-displacement characteristics of the double parallelogram flexure are used in analytically predicting the performance measures of the proposed XY mechanisms. Comparisons between closed-form linear and nonlinear analyses are presented to highlight the inadequacy of the former. Fundamental design tradeoffs in flexure mechanism performance are discussed qualitatively and quantitatively. It is shown that geometric symmetry in the constraint arrangement relaxes some of the design tradeoffs, resulting in improved performance. The nonlinear analytical predictions are validated by means of Finite Element Analysis and experimental measurements.
Therapeutic plasmapheresis for the treatment of the thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura-haemolytic uraemic syndromes. (2004)

Plasmapheresis is mandatory and extremely effective for primary TTP. However, it is at most an adjunct for patients who developed it secondary to an underlying disorder until and if the primary disorder can be successfully treated.
DYNAMIC INTERFERENCE PATTERNS FROM FERROFLUIDS (1995)

Time-dependent interference was observed above a critical magnetic field H c1 in ferrofluids by a novel technique — magnetic thermal lens effect. The onset of the dynamics is associated with the formation of linear structures in the system. When a second critical field, H c2 , was reached, a lattice of quasi-periodic columns was observed by optical microscopy and random rotating patterns were replaced by stable rings, indicating ordering in the system. This technique provides a useful way to detect microstructures that are much smaller than the optical wave length thus unobservable by conventional optical technique. We found that the result crucially depends on boundary conditions.
Funnel-Guided Positioning of Multicellular Microtissues to Build Macrotissues (2018)

The field of tissue engineering is developing new additive manufacturing technologies to fabricate 3D living constructs for use as in vitro platforms for the testing of drugs and chemicals, or to restore lost function in vivo. In this article, we describe the funnel-guide (FG), a new additive manufacturing strategy for the noncontact manipulation and positioning of multicellular microtissues and we show that the FG can be used to build macrotissues layer by layer. We used agarose micromolds to self-assemble cells into toroid-shaped and honeycomb-shaped microtissues, and observed that when falling in cell culture medium, the microtissues spontaneously righted themselves to a horizontal orientation. We fabricated a funnel to guide these falling toroids and honeycombs into precise positions and stack them, wherein they fused to form tubular structures. We tested multiple cell types and toroid sizes, and ultimately used the FG to create a stack of 45 toroids that fused into a tube 5 mm long with an inner diameter of 600 μm. The FG is a new principle for the manipulation of microtissues and is a platform for the layer-by-layer positioning of microtissue building blocks to form macrotissues.