gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Acoustic Stimulation Promotes DNA Fragmentation in the Guinea Pig Cochlea (2012)

Apoptosis can be described as programmed cell death. Apoptosis regulates cell turnover and is involved in various pathological conditions. The characteristic features of apoptosis are shrinkage of the cell body, chromatin condensation, and nucleic acid fragmentation. During apoptosis, double-stranded DNA is broken down into single-stranded DNA (ssDNA) by proteases. Acoustic trauma is commonly encountered in otorhinolaryngology clinics. Intense noise can cause inner ear damage, such as hearing disturbance, tinnitus, ear fullness, and decreased speech discrimination. In this study, we used immunohistochemical and electrophysiological methods to examine the fragmentation of DNA in the cochleas of guinea pigs that had been exposed to intense noise. Twenty-four guinea pigs weighing 250 to 350 g were used. The animals were divided into 4 groups: (I) a control group (n=6), (II) a group that was exposed to noise for 2 hours (n=6), (III) a group that was exposed to noise for 5 hours (n=6), and (IV) a group that was exposed to noise for 20 hours. The stimulus was a pure tone delivered at a frequency of 2 kHz. The sound pressure level was 120 dBSPL. No threshold shifts were apparent in group I. Group II showed a significant elevation of the hearing threshold (ANOVA, p<0.05(*)). The ABR threshold level was also significantly elevated immediately after the acoustic stimulation in groups III and IV (ANOVA, p<0.01(**)). In groups I, II, and IV, the lateral wall of the ear did not show immunoreactivity to ssDNA but did in group III. No immunoreactivity was apparent in the organ of Corti in group I or II. However, the supporting cells and outer hair cells in groups III and IV showed reactions for ssDNA. The fine structure of the organ of Corti had been destroyed in group IV. The lateral wall showed immunoreactivity for ssDNA only in group III, whereas the organ of Corti showed reactions for ssDNA in groups III and IV. Our study suggests that apoptotic changes occur in patients that suffer acoustic trauma. Once the apoptotic pathway has started, it is irreversible. Thus, early diagnosis and treatment are necessary. Earplugs should also be worn at rock concerts.
Stochastic forward-backward and primal-dual approximation algorithms with application to online image restoration (2016)

Stochastic approximation techniques have been used in various contexts in data science. We propose a stochastic version of the forward-backward algorithm for minimizing the sum of two convex functions, one of which is not necessarily smooth. Our framework can handle stochastic approximations of the gradient of the smooth function and allows for stochastic errors in the evaluation of the proximity operator of the nonsmooth function. The almost sure convergence of the iterates generated by the algorithm to a minimizer is established under relatively mild assumptions. We also propose a stochastic version of a popular primal-dual proximal splitting algorithm, establish its convergence, and apply it to an online image restoration problem.
Online Estimation of Capacity Fade and Power Fade of Lithium-Ion Batteries Based on Input–Output Response Technique (2017)

Lithium-ion batteries present promising potential in electrified transportation due to their high-power density and long cycle life. However, during the life cycle, lithium-ion batteries are subject to degrading capacity and power. This paper presents an online estimation approach of capacity fade and analyzes the power fade of lithium-ion batteries using an input-output response method. By processing the waveforms of response, one can predict the actual capacity and internal resistance which characterizes the battery health. In the end, the proposed method is validated experimentally. This provides an online estimation tool to describe the aging effects of batteries. Finally, this analysis suggests an optimal operating depth of discharge considering the battery efficiency.
A 2.5 - 10-Gb/s CMOS transceiver with alternating edge-sampling phase detection for loop characteristic stabilization (2003)

This paper describes a technique for stabilizing the binary phase detector (PD) gain under various jitter conditions. A dead zone in the phase detector estimates the magnitude of high-frequency data jitter, and the resulting jitter information is used to control the charge-pump current. An alternating edge-sampling (AES) PD reduces hardware overhead by removing possible redundancies in previous dead-zone implementations. A series sense amplifier driven by a single-phase clock helps high-speed data sampling with increased data evaluation time. A dual path voltage-controlled oscillator incorporating dual-loop architecture enables wide-range operation of clock/data recovery circuits with low jitter. Fabricated in a 0.18-μm CMOS process, a test transceiver operates from 2.5 to 11.5 Gb/s with a bit-error rate of less than 10/sup -12/ while consuming 540 mW from a 1.8-V supply.
Alginate Hydrogels Coated with Chitosan for Wound Dressing (2015)

In this work, a coating of chitosan onto alginate hydrogels was realized using the water-soluble hydrochloride form of chitosan (CH-Cl), with the dual purpose of imparting antibacterial activity and delaying the release of hydrophilic molecules from the alginate matrix. Alginate hydrogels with different calcium contents were prepared by the internal setting method and coated by immersion in a CH-Cl solution. Structural analysis by cryo-scanning electron microscopy was carried out to highlight morphological alterations due to the coating layer. Tests in vitro with human mesenchymal stromal cells (MSC) were assessed to check the absence of toxicity of CH-Cl. Swelling, stability in physiological solution and release characteristics using rhodamine B as the hydrophilic model drug were compared to those of relative uncoated hydrogels. Finally, antibacterial activity against Escherichia coli was tested. Results show that alginate hydrogels coated with chitosan hydrochloride described here can be proposed as a novel medicated dressing by associating intrinsic antimicrobial activity with improved sustained release characteristics.
An absence of both lamin B1 and lamin B2 in keratinocytes has no effect on cell proliferation or the development of skin and hair (2011)

Nuclear lamins are usually classified as A-type (lamins A and C) or B-type (lamins B1 and B2). A-type lamins have been implicated in multiple genetic diseases but are not required for cell growth or development. In contrast, B-type lamins have been considered essential in eukaryotic cells, with crucial roles in DNA replication and in the formation of the mitotic spindle. Knocking down the genes for B-type lamins (LMNB1, LMNB2) in HeLa cells has been reported to cause apoptosis. In the current study, we created conditional knockout alleles for mouse Lmnb1 and Lmnb2, with the goal of testing the hypothesis that B-type lamins are crucial for the growth and viability of mammalian cells in vivo. Using the keratin 14-Cre transgene, we bred mice lacking the expression of both Lmnb1 and Lmnb2 in skin keratinocytes (Lmnb1(Δ/Δ)Lmnb2(Δ/Δ)). Lmnb1 and Lmnb2 transcripts were absent in keratinocytes of Lmnb1(Δ/Δ)Lmnb2(Δ/Δ) mice, and lamin B1 and lamin B2 proteins were undetectable. But despite an absence of B-type lamins in keratinocytes, the skin and hair of Lmnb1(Δ/Δ)Lmnb2(Δ/Δ) mice developed normally and were free of histological abnormalities, even in 2-year-old mice. After an intraperitoneal injection of bromodeoxyuridine (BrdU), similar numbers of BrdU-positive keratinocytes were observed in the skin of wild-type and Lmnb1(Δ/Δ)Lmnb2(Δ/Δ) mice. Lmnb1(Δ/Δ)Lmnb2(Δ/Δ) keratinocytes did not exhibit aneuploidy, and their growth rate was normal in culture. These studies challenge the concept that B-type lamins are essential for proliferation and vitality of eukaryotic cells.
Tristate Resistive Switching in Heterogenous Van Der Waals Dielectric Structures (2019)

Two dimensional (2D) materials have been used in memristors to improve and stabilize resistive switching (RS) behavior; however, most reports used large device area ( ≥ 10 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">4</sup> μm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> ), in which currents in each resistive state may be driven by largely defective regions that are not applicable in smaller devices. Here we present the first fabrication of cross-point memristors with sizes of 5 μm ×5 μm using multilayer heterogeneous van der Waals structure. We have constructed graphene/hexagonal boron nitride/graphene (G/h-BN/G) devices using Ti and Au electrodes. The devices can show two-state or tristate operation depending on the current limitation (CL) used. Similar memristors with larger size of 100 μm ×100 μm do not show this behavior, indicating that miniaturization of 2D materials based memristors is key to achieve this performance.
A Multi-tenant Architecture for Business Process Executions (2011)

Cloud computing, as a concept, promises cost savings to end-users by letting them outsource their non-critical business functions to a third party in pay-as-you-go style. However, to enable economic pay-as-you-go services, we need Cloud middleware that maximizes sharing and support near zero costs for unused applications. Multi-tenancy, which let multiple tenants (user) to share a single application instance securely, is a key enabler for building such a middleware. On the other hand, Business processes capture Business logic of organizations in an abstract and reusable manner, and hence play a key role in most organizations. This paper presents the design and architecture of a Multi-tenant Workflow engine while discussing in detail potential use cases of such architecture. Primary contributions of this paper are motivating workflow multi-tenancy, and the design and implementation of multi-tenant workflow engine that enables multiple tenants to run their workflows securely within the same workflow engine instance without modifications to the workflows.
Time-Domain Quasi-Synchronous Sampling Algorithm for Harmonic Analysis Based on Newton's Interpolation (2011)

In the case of asynchronous sampling, spectral leakage has a harmful effect on the accuracy of harmonic analysis. This paper presents a new harmonic analysis algorithm, which successfully adjusts an actual sampling sequence to an ideal sampling sequence synchronized with the original signal. First, a fundamental period is evaluated by a zero-crossing technique, and then, according to this fundamental period, the sampling sequence is reconstructed by the time-domain Newton's interpolation polynomial. Simulation results show that the proposed algorithm has high accuracy in measuring distorted and noisy signals by reducing spectral leakage effectively in the framework of the International Electrotechnical Commission standards. Moreover, the proposed method maintains high measurement accuracy for nonstationary and slow-changing signals even at low-frequency resolution. The results of the field experiment confirm the effectiveness of this algorithm under practical considerations.
Macrophages kill capillary cells in G1 phase of the cell cycle during programmed vascular regression (1999)

Programmed capillary regression occurs during normal development of the eye and serves as a useful model for assessing the forces that drive vascular involution. Using a combination of S-phase labeling and liposome-mediated macrophage elimination, we show that during regression, macrophages induce apoptosis of both pericytes and endothelial cells in a cell cycle stage-dependent manner. Target cells are signaled to die by macrophages approximately 15 hours after S-phase labeling and this corresponds to a point in mid-G1 phase of the cell cycle. The tight correlation between the restriction point of the cell cycle and the point where the macrophage death signal is received suggests that the mitogen, matrix and cytoskeletal signals essential for cell-cycle progression may be inhibited by macrophages as a means of inducing cell death. Furthermore, these experiments show that cells from two distinct lineages are induced to die as a consequence of macrophage action, and this provides evidence that macrophage-induced cell death may be a general phenomenon during development and homeostasis.
Limestone as a sorbent for CO2 capture and its application in enhanced biomass gasification (2014)

Global greenhouse gas emissions continue to increase despite the knowledge that the rise in atmospheric concentrations will have devastating effects on climate and human lives. Carbon dioxide capture and storage can be a stop-gap measure to mitigate CO₂ emissions from existing fossil fuel facilities during their gradual replacement by low-carbon alternatives such as biomass. Calcium oxide-based CO₂ capture is a relatively mature technology, ready for implementation. Limestone CaO precursor is relatively low-cost and readily available. A thorough understanding of the CaO-CO₂ reaction and its reversibility over multiple cycles is required to aid in design, improve efficiency and reduce costs of industrial capture processes. A novel method of CaO cycling involving pressure swing is demonstrated which was found to give improved calcium utilization up to 16.1%, after 250 carbonation/calcination cycles. The kinetics of pressure swing cycling are examined, and a mechanism to describe the loss in calcium utilization resulting from cycling, is presented linking the morphological changes of sorbent particles to the decay in calcium utilization. Coupling CaO-based CO₂ capture and storage with energy production from biomass has the potential for energy production with negative CO₂ emissions. Biomass is a carbon neutral source of energy and through gasification can be converted in a variety of energy carriers. Biomass was steam-gasified in a semi-batch fashion in a fluidized bed of CaO, which absorbed CO₂ as it was produced, resulting in a 55% increase in hydrogen production and decreases in CO, CH₄, CO₂ and higher hydrocarbons of 63%, 16%, 47% and 4% respectively. Limestone enhanced gasification (L.E.G.) of biomass also increased carbon and hydrogen utilization efficiencies. Cycling of CaO between gasification/carbonation and calcination was conducted in a single reactor by switching the mass flows from biomass and steam to air, up to eight cycles. Syngas composition and gasification efficiency were only marginally affected by cycling, reducing H₂ concentration by less than 5%. The degree to which the sorbent was re-calcined had a greater impact on system operation. A simple equilibrium model is provided to predict syngas composition.
Conformational Transitions of Spherical Polymer Brushes: Synthesis, Characterization, and Theory (2010)

We examine the structure of densely grafted polymer layers grown from the surfaces of spherical nanoparticles over a broad range of graft densities and chain lengths. Dynamic light scattering (DLS) experiments show that the hydrodynamic thickness of the polymer layer, h, scales as h ∝ N4/5 for short chains and high grafting densities, that is, in the concentrated polymer brush (CPB) regime, whereas h ∝ N3/5 for long enough chains (semidilute polymer brush, SDPB). The mean field theory of Wijmans and Zhulina is able to collapse approximately all of our data and those in the existing literature (even on other polymers) into an apparently universal form. From these findings, we conclude that the result h ∝ N4/5 for the CPB is an intermediate crossover scaling, relevant to particles of finite curvature, analogous to the h ∝ N observed for concentrated flat brushes. Second, the scaling h ∝ N3/5 uniquely reflects the increased space available to the chain segments as one proceeds away from a curved grafting surface. Under these situations, the chains experience less packing frustration as compared to a planar brush, and the semidilute polymer brush shows scaling behavior analogous to chains in good solvent, even though the chains are much more extended.
Usefulness of alpha-fetoprotein in the diagnosis of hepatocellular carcinoma. (2003)

With the widespread use of ultrasonography (US) and computerized tomography (CT), the usefulness of alpha-fetoprotein assay in the diagnosis of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) has decreased. The aim of our study was to evaluate the best cut-off value for serum alpha-fetoprotein to discriminate between liver cirrhosis (LC) and HCC and the factors influencing levels in a Sicilian population. Three hundred and seventy-two patients with LC and 197 with HCC-associated LC were studied. The etiology was: HCV in 288 cases (77.4%) of LC and 147 cases (75%) of HCC; HBV in 31 cases (8.3%) of LC and 15 cases (7.6%) of HCC; HCV/HBV in 21 cases (5.6%) of LC and 6 cases (3.0%) of HCC; non-viral in 32 cases (8.6%) of LC and 29 cases (15%) of HCC. Hepatic function was estimated by the Child-Pugh's score; the TNM classification was used in HCC. The area under the ROC curve was 0.81 +/- 0.02; the best discriminant cut-off value, calculated as the value of the maximized likelihood ratio, was 30 ng/ml. At this level sensitivity (SE) was 65%, specificity (SP) 89%, positive predictive value (PPV) 74% and negative predictive value (NPV) 79%. When the patients were divided at this cut-off point into two groups according to viral or non-viral etiology, PPV was 70% versus 94%, respectively (p < 0.05). In the non-viral diseases PPV reached 100% for AFP serum levels of 100 ng/ml, while in the viral diseases PPV was 100% when AFP was greater than 400 ng/ml. There were no significant differences in SE, SP or NPV between viral and non-viral liver diseases. Child's classes B and C were more frequent in HCC (chi 2 of MH 7.7, p < 0.0001). There was a correlation between AFP serum values and TNM classification (p < 0.02) and on multiple logistic regression AFP levels > 30 ng/ml correlated positively only with the TNM stage (p < 0.0001). In conclusion, the best cut-off value for serum AFP in our study population was 30 ng/ml, but at this level sensitivity was low. This cut-off value was more useful in detecting non-viral HCC, because PPV was significantly higher than in viral HCC; therefore, our data confirm that the usefulness of AFP in the diagnosis of HCC of viral etiology is limited, being more useful in HCC of non-viral etiology.
Formulation and Evaluation of Polyherbal Shampoo to Promote Hair Growth and Provide Antidandruff Action (2019)

The assurance of therapy with minimal side effects has been proven that ayurvedic formulation is to be promising for cosmetic use too. Maintenance of other factor shall not fulfill the need so extraneous treatment is essential that to which is safe. In case of hair disorder like dandruff problem, proper selection of ayurvedic ingredient with their required amounts, dosage form can be formulated as powder shampoo to fight against dandruff. A more radical approach in reducing the synthetic ingredient is by incorporating natural extract whose functionality is comparable with their synthetic ingredient. A shampoo is a cleansing aid for the hair and is counted among the foremost beuty products. Several herbs are reported to be effecting is controlling such fungi in our laboratory an antidandruff herbal shampoo –Herbello was prepared and characterized. Certain improvements, especially with respect to viscosity, conditioning ability and antidandruff activity were needed. Most effective herbs were chosen and used in different combination for preparation of shampoo in order to improve antidandruff activity. This herbal shampoo was formulated using natural ingredient like Bhringraj (Eclipta Alba), Fenugreek(methi), Azadirachta indica (neem), Acacia concinna (shikakai), Sapindus mukorossi(reetha), Ocimum santum (tulsi), Piper betle (paan), Hhibiscus rosa sinensis (Gurhal), Camellia sinesis (green tea leaf), Citrus aurantifolia (lemon), Phyllanthus emblica (amla), Eclipta alba (Brhingaraj leaf powder), Aloe Vera (Aloe leaf Powder), Ashwagandha powder, Triphala powder Nagarmotha Powder, Brahmi Root. The formulation at laboratory scale was done and evaluated for number of parameters to ensure its safety, stability and efficacy. Keywords: Hair Dandruff shampoo, cream shampoo, Herbal Material, Antidandruff shampoo.
Ovarian carcinoma develops through multiple modes of chromosomal evolution. (2003)

Ovarian carcinoma has the highest mortality of all of the gynecologic cancers. The chromosomal changes in this tumor type are highly complex, and the karyotypes typically show severe aneuploidy. Despite the abundance of cytogenetic information, with approximately 400 published karyotypes, very little is known about the mode of karyotypic evolution and the possible presence of cytogenetic pathways related to tumor development. In the present investigation we used 387 ovarian carcinoma karyotypes to identify the most frequent genomic imbalances. Tumor cases were then classified with respect to the presence or absence of these imbalances and statistically analyzed to assess the order of appearance of chromosomal imbalances, as well as possible karyotypic pathways and cytogenetic subtypes. We establish the temporal order by which the different imbalances occur and show that at least two cytogenetic pathways exist, one characterized by +7, +8q, and +12, and one by 6q- and 1q-. We show that ovarian carcinomas develop through at least three phases of karyotypic evolution. At the early stages, Phase I, the karyotypic evolution seems to proceed though step-wise acquisition of changes. The transition to Phase II showed signs of an increased chromosomal instability, most probably caused by extensive telomere crisis and the onset of breakage-fusion-bridge cycles. This process was linked to the presence of imbalances characteristic for the 6q-/1q- pathway. The transition to Phase III involved triploidization and was also linked to the presence of the 6q-/1q- pathway.
Neuron-specific proteotoxicity of mutant ataxin-3 in C. elegans : rescue by the DAF-16 and HSF-1 pathways (2011)

The risk of developing neurodegenerative diseases increases with age. Although many of the molecular pathways regulating proteotoxic stress and longevity are well characterized, their contribution to disease susceptibility remains unclear. In this study, we describe a new Caenorhabditis elegans model of Machado-Joseph disease pathogenesis. Pan-neuronal expression of mutant ATXN3 leads to a polyQ-length dependent, neuron subtype-specific aggregation and neuronal dysfunction. Analysis of different neurons revealed a pattern of dorsal nerve cord and sensory neuron susceptibility to mutant ataxin-3 that was distinct from the aggregation and toxicity profiles of polyQ-alone proteins. This reveals that the sequences flanking the polyQ-stretch in ATXN3 have a dominant influence on cell-intrinsic neuronal factors that modulate polyQ-mediated pathogenesis. Aging influences the ATXN3 phenotypes which can be suppressed by the downregulation of the insulin/insulin growth factor-1-like signaling pathway and activation of heat shock factor-1.
A novel dual‐band printed inverted‐F antenna (2001)

Abstract This paper proposes a novel dual‐band printed inverted‐F antenna, and a constructed prototype suitable for applications in the WLAN (2400–2484 MHz) and HIPERLAN (5150–5350 MHz) systems is presented. The antenna consists of two stacked inverted‐F strips printed on a dielectric substrate, and sharing a common shorting pin which short circuits the two strips to the ground plane on the other side of the dielectric substrate. The proposed antenna can easily be fed by a 50 Ω microstrip line printed on the same substrate. Details of the proposed antenna and experimental results of the constructed prototype are presented. © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 31: 353–355, 2001.