gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Prevention of age-related T cell apoptosis defect in CD2-fas-transgenic mice. (1995)

T cell dysfunction and thymic involution are major immunologic abnormalities associated with aging. Fas (CD95) is a bifunctional molecule that is critical for apoptosis and stimulation during T cell development, but the role of Fas during aging has not been determined. Fas expression and function on T cells from old (22-26-mo-old) mice was compared with young (2-mo-old) mice and old CD2-fas-transgenic mice. Fas expression and ligand-induced apoptosis were decreased on T cells from old mice compared with young mice. This correlated with an age-related increase in CD44+Fas- T cells. There was a marked decrease in the proliferation of T cells from old mice after anti-CD3 stimulation compared with young mice. Anti-CD3-stimulated T cells from young mice exhibited increased production of interleukin (IL)-2 and decreased production of interferon-gamma and IL-10 compared with old mice. There was an age-related decrease in the total thymocyte count from 127 +/- 10 cells in young mice compared with 26 +/- 8 x 10(6) in old mice. In 26-mo-old CD2-fas-transgenic mice, Fas and CD44 expression, Fas-induced apoptosis, T cell proliferation, and cytokine production were comparable to that of the young mice. These results suggest that T cell senescence with age is associated with defective apoptosis, and that the CD2-fas transgene allows maintenance of Fas apoptosis function and T cell function in aged mice comparable to that of young mice.
Characterization of CG-781, a potent histone deacetylase inhibitor, as a cancer therapeutic (2005)

1801 Histone acetylation is one mechanism by which chromatin structure and its transcription is regulated. Transcriptionally active chromatin regions are associated with hyperacetylated histones and transcriptionally silent chromatin regions are associated with hypoacetylated histones. Histone deacetylases (HDACs) and histone acetyltransferases thus play a crucial role in regulating chromatin structure and gene expression. One of the hallmarks of human neoplasia is aberrant gene expression (the activation of genes for proliferation and the silencing of tumor suppressors). Because of its role(s) in chromatin remodeling and transcriptional regulation, HDAC inhibitors are being evaluated as anti-cancer therapeutics. Here we present data on CG-781 on its activities as an HDAC inhibitor and as an anti-cancer agent. CG-781 has displayed potent activity against recombinant human HDAC enzymes in vitro. It has exhibited sub-μM growth-inhibitory activities in vitro against an array of human cancer cell lines. Examination of CG-781 in vivo has revealed significant anti-tumor activity against different tumor xenografts. Statistically significant tumor growth inhibition at 80+% and 40+% has been achieved with CG-781 against HCT 116 & DLD-1 respectively. Anti-tumor activity was observed with different pre-clinical dosing regimens, and also with either intravenous or intraperitoneal delivery. Pharmacodynamic evaluation of circulating blood cells and tumor samples revealed that protein acetylation correlates with drug exposure. Gene expression profiling over various doses and timepoints has identified a robust set of genes whose expression in tumors is affected by treatment with CG-781. Similar analysis of whole blood samples from the same mice has also provided a set of marker genes that track with efficacy. Continued analysis and validation of target genes regulated by CG-781 could provide greater insight into the mechanism of action for CG-781 and potentially facilitate its clinical application.
General primitives for smooth coloring of vector graphics (2018)

We propose a novel and intuitive method for coloring vector graphics which is easy to use and creates richly colored artwork with very little effort. Further, it preserves the underlying geometry of the vector graphic primitives, thereby, making it easy to perform subsequent edits. Our method builds upon the concepts of shape-coverage, color and opacity and thus is applicable to all vector graphics constructs including non-convex paths and text. Furthermore, our method is highly performant and provides real-time results irrespective of the number of coloring primitives used.
DeepTrans - a model-based approach to functional verification of address translation mechanisms (2004)

We present a new test case generation technology, specifically targeted at verifying systems that include address translation mechanisms. The ever-growing demand for performance makes these mechanisms more complex, thereby increasing the risk of bugs and increasing the need for such technology. DeepTrans is a package that provides model-based test generation capabilities to verify translation mechanisms based on a modeling language. The modeling language includes constructs for describing the address translation process, commonly used translation resources, and architecture rules related to translation. DeepTrans is currently used by two different IBM test generators.
Photonic neural networks based on incoherent/coherent double angular multiplexing (1992)

An overview of our recent progress on the photonic implementation of neural networks is given. A photonic architecture utilizes spatial and double angular multiplexing in conjunction with an array of (individually coherent but mutually incoherent) sources to provide photonic neural interconnections in volume holographic materials. It also incorporates optoelectronic smart spatial light modulators (SLMs) for neuron unit response and training term generation. The SLM designs incorporate dual channel neuron unit inputs and outputs to provide complete bipolar functionality and yield a high bandwidth response to permit pulse train encoding or temporal multiplexing of signals. A unique feature of this architecture is the ability to copy the multiplexed holographic interconnection in a single exposure step. The presentation includes a discussion of simulations and laboratory experiments of the interconnection system implemented in photorefractive materials; fabrication and test of silicon detector, silicon analog electronic processing, and InGaAs/GaAs multiple quantum well modulator arrays; demonstration of single-step copying of a multiplexed set of mutually incoherent volume holograms; and requirements for training term SLM arrays and projected learning performance. Current and future issues in such photonic implementations are also discussed, as are specific advantages resulting from the high degree of parallelism available.
Multi-Query Optimization for Complex Event Processing in SAP ESP (2017)

SAP Event Stream Processor (ESP) platform aims at delivering real-time stream processing and analytics in many time-critical areas such as Capital Markets, Internet of Things (IoT) and Data Center Intelligence. SAP ESP allows users to realize complex event processing (CEP) in the form of pattern queries. In this paper, we present MOTTO - a multi-query optimizer in SAP ESP in order to improve the performance of many concurrent pattern queries. This is motivated by the observations that many real-world applications usually have concurrent pattern queries working on the same data streams, leading to tremendous sharing opportunities among queries. In MOTTO, we leverage three major sharing techniques, namely merge, decomposition and operator transformation sharing, to reduce redundant computation among pattern queries. In addition, MOTTO supports nested pattern queries as well as pattern queries with different window sizes. The experiments demonstrate the efficiency of the MOTTO with real-world application scenarios and sensitivity studies.
MLV-derived retroviral pseudotype vectors (2000)

Founded in 1683 in Leiden, the Netherlands, Brill is a leading international academic publisher in the Humanities, Social Sciences, International Law, and Biology. With offices in the Netherlands, Germany, Austria, the USA and Asia, Brill today publishes more than 360 journals and 2,000 new books and reference works each year as well as a large number of databases and primary source research collections.
An automated approach to increasing the robustness of C libraries (2003)

As our reliance on computers increases, so does the need for robust software. Previous studies have shown that many C libraries exhibit robustness problems due to exceptional inputs. This paper describes the HEALERS system that uses an automated approach to increasing the robustness of C libraries without source code access. The system extracts the C type information for a shared library using header files and manual pages. Then it generates for each global function a fault-injector to determine a "robust " argument type for each argument. Based on this information and optionally, some manual editing, the system generates a robustness wrapper that performs careful argument checking before invoking C library functions. A robustness evaluation using Ballista tests has shown that our wrapper can prevent crash, hang, and abort failures. Moreover the wrapper generation process is highly automated and can easily adapt to new library releases.
Particle sizing in concentrated suspensions by use of steady-state, continuous-wave photon-migration techniques (1998)

We demonstrate a new approach for determining particle-size distribution in concentrated suspensions from spectral measurement of isotropic scattering coefficients by use of steady-state, continuous-wave photon-migration techniques. Successful recovery of particle-size distribution for TiO(2) suspensions in the form of log-normal functions is achieved through a regularized inverse algorithm, into which a synthesized scheme of Marquardt and Tikhonov regularizations has been incorporated. Our results for dense TiO(2) suspensions with three different particle concentrations are in excellent agreement with the size distribution as measured with x-ray sedimentation.
Syntheses of the anti-AIDS drug 2',3'-dideoxycytidine from cytidine (1992)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTSyntheses of the anti-AIDS drug 2',3'-dideoxycytidine from cytidinePercy S. Manchand, Peter S. Belica, Michael J. Holman, Tai Nang Huang, Hubert Maehr, Steve Y. K. Tam, and Roxana T. YangCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1992, 57, 12, 3473–3478Publication Date (Print):June 1, 1992Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 June 1992https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo00038a042https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00038a042research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views369Altmetric-Citations36LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (1)»Supporting Information Supporting Information Get e-Alerts
Co-Administration of Injected and Oral Vaccine Candidates Elicits Improved Immune Responses over Either Route Alone (2020)

Infectious diseases continue to be a significant cause of morbidity and mortality, and although efficacious vaccines are available for many diseases, some parenteral vaccines elicit little or no mucosal antibodies which can be a significant problem since mucosal tissue is the point of entry for 90% of pathogens. In order to provide protection for both serum and mucosal areas, we have tested a combinatorial approach of both parenteral and oral administration of antigens for diseases caused by a viral pathogen, Hepatitis B, and a fungal pathogen, <i>Coccidioides</i>. We demonstrate that co-administration by the parenteral and oral routes is a useful tool to increase the overall immune response. This can include achieving an immune response in tissues that are not elicited when using only one route of administration, providing a higher level of response that can lead to fewer required doses or possibly providing a better response for individuals that are considered poor or non-responders.
CMOS cross-coupled charge pump with improved latch-up immunity (2009)

In this paper, a novel CMOS charge pump with substantially improved immunity to latch-up is presented. By utilizing a dedicated bulk pumping and blocking (DBPB) technique, the proposed charge pump achieves greatly reduced forward voltage of source/drain-substrate junction of transistors, resulting in decreased charge loss and increased latch-up immunity. Comparison results indicated that the maximum bulk forward voltage of the proposed charge pump was less than 0.05V (88% improvement) for zero output current during power-up, and less than 0.12V (88% improvement) regardless of the amount of output current during ordinary pumping operation.
Pyramid Codes: Flexible Schemes to Trade Space for Access Efficiency in Reliable Data Storage Systems (2007)

To flexibly explore the trade-offs between storage space and access efficiency in reliable data storage systems, we describe two classes of erasure resilient coding schemes: basic and generalized pyramid codes. The basic pyramid codes can be simply derived from any existing codes, and thus all known efficient encoding/decoding techniques directly apply. The generalized pyramid codes are radically advanced new codes, which can further improve access efficiency and/or reliability upon the basic pyramid codes. We also establish a necessary condition for any failure pattern to be ever recoverable, and show that the generalized pyramid codes are optimal in failure recovery (i.e., the necessary condition is also sufficient, and any failure pattern that is ever recoverable can indeed be recovered).
A comparison between 1D and 1.5D arrays for the formation of Spatially Modulated Ultrasound Radiation Force beams (2009)

Spatially Modulated Ultrasound Radiation Force (SMURF) imaging is an Elastography technique based on estimating the shear modulus of an elastic material . SMURF determines shear modulus through measurement of the frequency of shear waves of known wavelength propagating in a medium of unknown modulus. Shear modulus is then computed using the relationship G = (¿f) <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> ¿. The spatial frequency k of the force variation is equal to the desired spatial frequency of the shear wave, that is, k = 2¿/¿. Because acoustic radiation force used to create the shear waves is proportional to intensity, generation of this spatially varying force is a matter of determining how to generate an equivalently varying ultrasound intensity field. Presented in this study is the Focal Fraunhofer method, which is one of the techniques that can be used to create the desired beam intensity pattern within a region of interest. To create a push that results in discernible displacements while minimizing tissue heating in the near field, we investigate the use of both a linear and a multi-row 1.5D array. A 1.5D array allows for more aggressive focusing in the elevation direction and thus a greater intensity in the region of interest. The efficacy of both configurations is analyzed based on the ability to generate beams of the desired well-defined spatial wavelength at various focal depths, the ability to localize the pushing beam to the region of interest and the ability to maximize the depth-of-field.
Topical nonsteroidal antipsoriatic agents. 1. 1,2,3,4-Tetraoxygenated naphthalene derivatives (1986)

On the basis of previous observations that both 2,3-dihydro-2,2,3,3-tetrahydroxy-1,4-naphthoquinone (oxoline, 1) and 6-chloroisonaphthazarin (2) had demonstrated antipsoriatic activity in vivo, a series of structural derivatives of 2 were prepared and examined in the Scholtz-Dumas topical psoriasis bioassay. Of these six (5, 6, 9a, 10, 11a, 11b), the most effective compound was found to be 6-chloro-1,4-diacetoxy-2,3-dimethoxynaphthalene (RS-43179, lonapalene, 11a). An extensive series of 1,2,3,4-tetraoxygenated naphthalenes (16-74) incorporating variations of the ester, ether, and aryl substituents were prepared as analogues of 11a to examine the structural requirements for activity and were screened in vivo as inhibitors of arachidonic acid induced mouse ear edema, a topical bioassay capable of detecting 5-lipoxygenase inhibitors. Net lipophilicity, hydrolytic stability, and ring substitution play significant roles in determining the observed in vivo activity. Lonapalene (11a) is currently in clinical development as a topically applied nonsteroidal antipsoriatic agent.
Thermal Remote Anemometer Device (1988)

Thermal Remote Anemometer Device developed for remote, noncontacting, passive measurement of thermal properties of sample. Model heated locally by scanning laser beam and cooled by wind in tunnel. Thermal image of model analyzed to deduce pattern of airflow around model. For materials applications, system used for evaluation of thin films and determination of thermal diffusivity and adhesive-layer contact. For medical applications, measures perfusion through skin to characterize blood flow and used to determine viabilities of grafts and to characterize tissues.
2,3,7‐Trisubstituted Pyrazolo[1,5‐d][1,2,4]triazines: Functionally Selective GABA<sub>A</sub> α3‐Subtype Agonists. (2006)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
UV processing of highly nonlinear fibers for enhanced supercontinuum generation (2004)

We demonstrate that UV exposure of highly nonlinear germanosilicate fibers can significantly enhance the I-R supercontinuum generation in these fibers, extending it from 975 nm to 850 nm when pumped by 30 fs pulses at 1580 nm.
Evaluation of arterial endothelial function using transit times of artificially induced pulses (2005)

Impairment of arterial endothelial function is an early event in atherosclerosis and correlates with the major risk factors for cardiovascular disease. The most widely employed non-invasive measure of endothelial function involves brachial artery (BA) diameter measurement using ultrasound imaging before and after several minutes of blood flow occlusion. The change in arterial diameter is a measure of flow-mediated vasorelaxation (FMVR). The high between-laboratory variability of results and cost of instrumentation render this technique unsuitable for routine clinical use. We induce artificial pulses at the superficial radial artery using a linear actuator. An ultrasonic Doppler stethoscope detects these pulses 10-30 cm proximal to the point of pulse induction. The delay between pulse application and detection provides the pulse transit time (PTT). By measuring PTT before and after 5 min of BA occlusion and ensuing reactive hyperemia, FMVR may be measured based on the changes in PTT caused by changes in vessel caliber, smooth muscle tone and wall thickness. We (1) validate the sensitivity of this technique to arterial wall tone using sublingual nitroglycerin and (2) compare measurements of endothelial function to ultrasound BA diameter measurements in 12 human subjects. The PTT-based method is verified to measure arterial wall tone and is shown to provide 37% greater sensitivity (p < 0.05) to FMVR than BA diameter measurements. By measuring the change in pulse transit time before and after endothelial stimulus, a sensitive, reproducible and convenient measure of endothelial function may be obtained at a low cost.
Transfer mask for high-aspect-ratio microlithography (1995)

For conventional patterning (optical or x-ray microlithography and micromachining) a mask with a substrate reasonably transparent to desired radiation is used. A new technique - transfer mask or sacrificial patterning - is described in this paper. The technique is based on forming absorber pattern directly on the surface of the sample. This method is suitable for any radiation (visible light, UV, X-rays, electron and ion beams) and allows use of a conventional master masks (optical or x-ray) with low, medium, high (submicron) resolution to achieve patterns with desired aspect ratio. Multiple exposures and sequential developments can produce patterns with extremely high aspect ratio. New lithography techniques, such as in-situ development, UV and x-ray radiation assisted chemistry (etching and deposition), can be easily realized by using this transfer mask technique. Forming the transfer mask directly on the sample opens new possibilities not available with the conventional masks: exposure of samples with curved surfaces and dynamic deformation of the sample surfaces during the exposure, etc.
A high density embedded array programmable logic architecture (2002)

An SRAM based embedded array programmable logic architecture with densities ranging from 10000 to 100000 gates is discussed in this paper. An embedded array is incorporated into this architecture to implement megafunctions like microprocessors, FIFOs and multipliers efficiently. A multidimensional interconnect scheme is featured to achieve flexible routing between logic blocks, the embedded array and I/O pins. The first member of the family is currently available with a gate density of 50000 gates.
Application of Quartz Microresonators to Uncooled Infrared Imaging Arrays (1997)

Frequency and time (which are closely related) are the physical quantities that can be determined with the highest accuracy. Most high-precision frequency control and timing devices are based on quartz resonators. A quartz crystal can act as a stable mechanical resonator, which, by its piezoelectric behavior and high Q, determines the frequency generated in an oscillator circuit. About 2 x 10 quartz resonators are manufactured annually for oscillator, clock, and filter applications. (An oscillator consists of a resonator plus feedback circuitry that can sustain the vibration of the resonator at a resonance frequency.)
Alkenes as Alkyne Equivalents in Radical Cascades Terminated by Fragmentations: Overcoming Stereoelectronic Restrictions on Ring Expansions for the Preparation of Expanded Polyaromatics (2015)

Chemoselective interaction of aromatic enynes with Bu3Sn radicals can be harnessed for selective cascade transformations, yielding either Sn-substituted naphthalenes or Sn-indenes. Depending on the substitution at the alkene terminus, the initial regioselective 5-exo-trig cyclizations can be intercepted at the 5-exo stage via either hydrogen atom abstraction or C-S bond scission or allowed to proceed further to the formal 6-endo products via homoallylic ring expansion. Aromatization of the latter occurs via β-C-C bond scission, which is facilitated by 2c,3e through-bond interactions, a new stereoelectronic effect in radical chemistry. The combination of formal 6-endo-trig cyclization with stereoelectronically optimized fragmentation allows the use of alkenes as synthetic equivalents of alkynes and opens a convenient route to α-Sn-substituted naphthalenes, a unique launching platform for the preparation of extended polyaromatics.