gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Expression of the FMR1 gene (2003)

Fragile X syndrome is a trinucleotide repeat disorder in which a (CGG)n element located within the 5' untranslated region of the Fragile X Mental Retardation 1 (FMR1) gene expands to more than 200 copies (full mutation) and becomes hypermethylated. Such expansions are accompanied by the failure to produce FMR1 protein (FMRP), resulting in the fragile X phenotype. For smaller (premutation) expansions (approximately 55-200 repeats), FMR1 mRNA and FMRP levels had been assumed to be normal; however, our group and others have recently demonstrated that FMR1 mRNA levels are elevated in cells harboring premutation alleles. Moreover, mRNA levels remain elevated in fragile X males with partially methylated full mutation alleles. Finally, some fragile X males with hypermethylated, full mutation alleles continue to produce FMR1 mRNA, despite the expectation that those genes should be silent. These observations all point to a complex mechanism of expression of the FMR1 gene, one that provides a more consistent foundation for the spectrum of clinical involvement. An FMRP deficit is observed in all categories of fragile X individuals, including carriers of the premutation and partially methylated full mutation alleles. These results demonstrate that lowered FMRP levels, in the absence of methylation-coupled silencing of the FMR1 gene, are not caused by reduced transcriptional activity, but rather by a reduced efficiency of translation.
Synthesis and characterization of Mg‐Ca‐Sr alloys for biodegradable orthopedic implant applications (2012)

Magnesium has recently received an increased amount of interest due to its potential use in biodegradable implant applications. The rapid degradation of conventional Mg is, however, a major limitation that needs to be addressed in the design of these materials, along with consideration of toxicity in selection of alloying elements. In this study, five alloys in the Mg-xCa-ySr system (x = 0.5-7.0 wt %; y = 0.5-3.5 wt %) were prepared and characterized for their suitability as degradable orthopedic implant materials. The alloys were characterized using optical microscopy, scanning electron microscopy, energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, degradation measurements in Hanks' solution at 37°C, compression testing, and in vitro cytotoxicity testing with a mouse osteoblastic cell line. The results indicate that the Mg-1.0Ca-0.5Sr alloy is the most promising alloy for orthopedic implant applications since it showed the lowest degradation rate in Hanks' solution (0.01 mL cm(-2) h(-1)) along with no significant toxicity to MC3T3-E1 osteoblasts and a compressive strength of 274 ± 4 MPa.
Nonmagnetic cloak with minimized scattering (2007)

In an electromagnetic cloak based on a transformation approach, reduced sets of material properties are generally favored due to their easier implementation in reality, although a seemingly inevitable drawback of undesired scattering exists in such cloaks. Here, the authors suggest the use of high-order transformations to create smooth moduli at the outer boundary of the cloak, therefore completely eliminating the detrimental scattering within the limit of geometric optics. The authors apply this scheme to a nonmagnetic cylindrical cloak and demonstrate that the scattered field is reduced substantially in a cloak with optimal quadratic transformation as compared to its linear counterpart.
Part A: Directed Differentiation of Human Embryonic Stem Cells into Cardiomyocytes (2007)

A continuous supply of human cardiomyocytes would provide a basis both for developing cell therapies for the treatment of cardiac disease as well as for screening drugs that specifically target cardiac cells. In addition, the production of human cardiac cells bearing specific gene mutations would facilitate the development of improved in vitro for testing subsets of disease-related drugs and physiology. A prerequisite is the efficient production of large and preferably homogeneous cell populations of cardiomyocytes. Here we describe the advantages of human embryonic stem cells as a source and various methods for directed differentiation to cardiomyocytes.
Highly efficient, diode-bar-end-pumped Q-switched Nd:YAG laser with 11 W TEM/sub 00/ output (1996)

Summary form only given. In conclusion, we have demonstrated diode-bar-pumped Nd:YAG laser resonators with 11 W of polarized TEM/sub oo/ mode output power, both in cw and Q-switched modes. High optical efficiencies were achieved for fundamental mode operation in spite of the presence of large, pump-induced, nonparabolic phase aberrations and the presence of thermal birefringence.
Query-log mining for detecting spam (2008)

Every day millions of users search for information on the web via search engines, and provide implicit feedback to the results shown for their queries by clicking or not onto them. This feedback is encoded in the form of a query log that consists of a sequence of search actions, one per user query, each describing the following information: (i) terms composing a query, (ii) documents returned by the search engine, (iii) documents that have been clicked, (iv) the rank of those documents in the list of results, (v) date and time of the search action/click, (vi) an anonymous identifier for each session, and more.
Development of an Oral Barley Beta-Glucan Adjuvant That Augments the Tumoricidal Activity of Antibodies or Vaccines Used for the Immunotherapy of Breast Cancer (2003)

Abstract : These Data provided strong evidence for the efficacy of an oral beta-glucan adjuvant for use in combination with anti-tumor antibodies such as Herceptin, Rituxan, and Erbitux. The tumor regression activity of these three antibodies was significantly increased by the simultaneous administration of oral beta-glucan. The data showing that antibodies must activate complement and deposit iC3b on tumors means that antibodies that do not to activate complement would not benefit from oral beta-glucan.
Securing the Elliptic Curve Montgomery Ladder against Fault Attacks (2009)

The Montgomery ladder method of computing elliptic curve scalar multiplication is esteemed as an efficient algorithm, inherently resistant to simple side-channel attacks as well as to various fault attacks. In FDTC 08, Fouque et al. present an attack on the Montgomery ladder in the presence of a point validation countermeasure, when the y-coordinate is not used. In this paper, we present an efficient countermeasure that renders the algorithm resistant to this attack as well as to other known fault attacks.
Multichannel pseudo-differential links (2010)

In this paper, we study multichannel pseudo-differential transmission schemes which use a common conductor or a return conductor. Combining 4 architectures with compatible types of termination circuit, we find that 12 multichannel pseudo-differential transmission schemes are possible. They provide a reduced external crosstalk compared to multiple single-ended links, using fewer conductors than multiple differential links.
A somatic gene transfer approach using recombinant fusion proteins to map muscle-motoneuron projections in Xenopus spinal cord (1999)

A combination of somatic gene transfer with fusion protein technology has been developed, thus providing an innovative means of mapping muscle-motoneuronal connections in Xenopus tadpole spinal cord. We analyzed whether a neuronal tracer created by the fusion of the LacZ gene to the tetanus toxin C fragment (LacZ-TTC) could be produced from plasmid DNA injected into muscle, and whether it could be released and undergo retrograde transport into motoneurons. Plasmids encoding various fusion protein constructions, with or without a signal peptide, were injected into dorsal or caudal muscles of premetamorphic tadpoles. The marker was produced in the muscle at constantly high levels. At one month post-injection, the fusion protein passed the neuromuscular junction and underwent retrograde transport into motoneurons. Transfer into motoneurons was seen for every animal injected, emphasizing the high reproducibility and efficiency of the process. No uptake of beta-gal protein into motoneurons was observed in the absence of the TTC fragment. Furthermore, no enhancement was obtained by adding a signal peptide. These results provide the first demonstration of the synthesis and transport of a TTC fusion protein produced directly from exogenous DNA in a vertebrate system.
Alternative Methods for Characterization of Extracellular Vesicles (2012)

Extracellular vesicles (ECVs) are nano-sized vesicles released by all cells in vitro as well as in vivo. Their role has been implicated mainly in cell-cell communication, but also in disease biomarkers and more recently in gene delivery. They represent a snapshot of the cell status at the moment of release and carry bioreactive macromolecules such as nucleic acids, proteins, and lipids. A major limitation in this emerging new field is the availability/awareness of techniques to isolate and properly characterize ECVs. The lack of gold standards makes comparing different studies very difficult and may potentially hinder some ECVs-specific evidence. Characterization of ECVs has also recently seen many advances with the use of Nanoparticle Tracking Analysis, flow cytometry, cryo-electron microscopy instruments, and proteomic technologies. In this review, we discuss the latest developments in translational technologies involving characterization methods including the facts in their support and the challenges they face.
Polarization Controlling Optical Fibers (1987)

Extinction measurements for both polarization maintaining and polarizing fibers as a function of length are reported. For fiber lengths of more than 10 meters, the extinction coefficient of polarizing fiber exceeds that of polarization maintaining fiber.
Inter-cell interference coordination based on soft frequency reuse for relay enhanced cellular network (2010)

In view of the new feature after introducing the relay nodes (RNs) into the conventional cellular networks, a novel soft frequency reuse (SFR)-based inter-cell interference coordination (ICIC) scheme is proposed in the relay enhanced cellular networks. On the basis of original ICIC scheme for conventional cellular network, RNs in the proposed SFR scheme reuses part of neighboring cell-edge bands to improve both the cell average throughput and ell-edge UEs' throughput. Furthermore, for the sake of taking cell throughput and user fairness into consideration, a weighted proportional fairness (WPF) scheduling algorithm is also developed for in-band relay in this paper. Simulation results show that the proposed scheme can perform better on the SINR of cell-edge UEs and cell throughput in comparison with the previous schemes, in addition, the user fairness has also been guaranteed with efficient resource allocation approach.
Adaptive Gradient Balancing for Undersampled MRI Reconstruction and\n Image-to-Image Translation (2021)

Recent accelerated MRI reconstruction models have used Deep Neural Networks\n(DNNs) to reconstruct relatively high-quality images from highly undersampled\nk-space data, enabling much faster MRI scanning. However, these techniques\nsometimes struggle to reconstruct sharp images that preserve fine detail while\nmaintaining a natural appearance. In this work, we enhance the image quality by\nusing a Conditional Wasserstein Generative Adversarial Network combined with a\nnovel Adaptive Gradient Balancing (AGB) technique that automates the process of\ncombining the adversarial and pixel-wise terms and streamlines hyperparameter\ntuning. In addition, we introduce a Densely Connected Iterative Network, which\nis an undersampled MRI reconstruction network that utilizes dense connections.\nIn MRI, our method minimizes artifacts, while maintaining a high-quality\nreconstruction that produces sharper images than other techniques. To\ndemonstrate the general nature of our method, it is further evaluated on a\nbattery of image-to-image translation experiments, demonstrating an ability to\nrecover from sub-optimal weighting in multi-term adversarial training.\n
Current-Assisted Domain Wall Motion in Ferromagnetic Semiconductors (2006)

We investigated the effect of electrical currents on magnetization reversal in ferromagnetic semiconductors. We fabricated a Hall bar-shaped device with a stepped channel from (Ga,Mn)As and that with a partially gated channel from (In,Mn)As. These structures realize in-plane patterning of coercivity HC and allow us to study the dynamics of domain walls under application of currents by monitoring the Hall resistance. In both devices, we show that there exists a region, where its HC is strongly influenced by the direction of the applied current. In addition, we demonstrate the current induced domain wall movement under a fixed magnetic field. These phenomena can be observed at current density of 104 A/cm2 lower. Possible mechanisms are discussed.
Polysilicon thin film transistors fabricated at 100°C on a flexible plastic substrate (2002)

We present device results from polysilicon thin film transistors (TFTs) fabricated at a maximum temperature of 100/spl deg/C on plastic (PET) substrates. A XeCl excimer laser has been used both to crystallize sputtered a-Si and to heavily dope the TFT source/drain regions. Using a PECVD SiO/sub 2/ layer for the gate dielectric, and a post-fabrication anneal at 150/spl deg/C, we have succeeded in fabricating TFTs with I/sub ON//I/sub OFF/ ratios >5/spl times/10/sup 5/ and electron mobilities >60 cm/sup 2//V-s on polyester substrates.
A Novel Content-Adaptive Video Denoising Filter (2006)

We propose a simple non-linear content-adaptive filter that is efficient in removing noise from a video. The proposed filter is called spatiotemporal varying filter (STVF) and is able to produce optimal results in the sense that it minimizes the weighted least square error. STVF combines the advantages of conventional denoising filters that enable it to decrease the noise variance in smooth areas but at the same time retains the sharpness of edges in object boundaries. Simulation results show that STVF outperforms the conventional denoising methods like low-pass filtering, median filtering and Wiener filtering.
<i>Ex Vivo</i> Expansion and Genetic Marking of Primitive Human and Baboon Hematopoietic Cells (1999)

The achievement of positive outcomes in many clinical protocols involving hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) has been handicapped by the limited numbers of marrow repopulating cells available to actually bring about therapy. This insufficiency has been especially problematic in stem cell transplantation and gene therapy. A number of studies have been initiated to attempt expansion of HSCs, mainly by manipulation of key cytokines in cell suspension cultures. Unfortunately, these expansion methods usually lead to altered properties in the amplified cells, mainly by reducing their self-renewal and multi-lineage differentiative potentials. Here we discuss our ongoing work, utilizing a unique endothelial cell line that supports primitive hematopoiesis, to attempt to generate expansion of primate HSCs that retain their elementary properties. Genetic marking of early hematopoietic cells to facilitate tracking will be mentioned as will the development and employment of assay systems designed to evaluate the long-term functional attributes of the expanded cells.
Ohmic contacts for GaAs devices using epitaxial Ge films (1977)

Ohmic contacts to n-type GaAs have been developed using epitaxial Ge films on GaAs alloyed with Ni overlayers by solid state diffusion at temperatures of 450°C - 550°C. These contacts have applications to high reliability, high temperature microwave devices. The Ge films were deposited epitaxially on heated GaAs substrates. Reflection electron diffraction of the Ge layers prior to deposition of the Ni overlayers reveals the presence of high quality single-crystalline films. Interdiffusion at the Ge-GaAs and Ni/Ge-GaAs interfaces was examined by Auger Electron Spectroscopy (AES) sputter profiling techniques A very sharp profile is observed at the as deposited Ge-GaAs interface. Even after sintering, there is very little penetration of Ge into GaAs in the absence of Ni. With the presence of a Ni overlayer, significant interdiffusion between Ge and GaAs is revealed by AES profiles, thus indicating the presence of an n <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">+</sup> layer at the Ni/Ge-GaAs interface. The presence of a Ge doped n <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">+</sup> layer was examined by electrical measurements using n- and p-GaAs substrates.
ECG Enhancement by Adaptive Cancellation of Electrosurgical Interference (1983)

A technique utilizing a combination of adaptive noise canceling and conventional signal processing is developed to enhance electrocardiographic monitoring in the operating room by reducing the noise interference that is created by an electrosurgical instrument. Significant amounts of interference are eliminated by radio frequency shielding, passive and active low-pass filtering, and optical isolation. A digital adaptive canceler using the least mean-square algorithm of Widrow and Hoff is used to reduce the remainder of the interference, yielding an improvement in signal-to-noise ratio of approximately 110 dB. Clear electrocardiograms have been obtained with electrocautery equipment in operation.
The p60 Tumor Necrosis Factor (TNF) Receptor-associated Kinase (TRAK) Binds Residues 344–397 within the Cytoplasmic Domain Involved in TNF Signaling (1995)

The p60 form of the tumor necrosis factor (TNF) receptor lacks motifs characteristic of tyrosine or serine/threonine protein kinases. Our recent observations have indicated that a p60 TNF receptor-associated kinase (p60-TRAK) from U-937 cells physically interacts with and causes the phosphorylation of the cytoplasmic domain of the TNF receptor. To define which region of the cytoplasmic domain is necessary for physical interaction with p60-TRAK, we constructed a series of deletions (grouped into three sets delta 1-delta 5, delta 6-delta 12, and delta 13-delta 16) of the p60 cytoplasmic domain, expressed them as glutathione S-transferase (GST) fusion proteins, and used them in affinity precipitations, followed by in vitro kinase assays. Our detailed analysis indicated that a serine-, threonine-, and proline-rich region (residues 243-274, delta 2) and the N-terminal half of the cytoplasmic domain (residues 243-323, delta 3) neither associated with p60-TRAK nor underwent phosphorylation. We found that out of 222 residues (205-426) in the cytoplasmic domain, only 54 (344-397, delta 12) were sufficient for binding p60-TRAK and for phosphorylation of the cytoplasmic domain. A region of approximately 30 residues (397-426) at the C-terminal end was found to interfere with optimal binding of the p60-TRAK activity. Thus, our results indicate that the minimal region of the cytoplasmic domain necessary for interacting with p60-TRAK and for phosphorylation resides within the domain previously reported to be needed for signaling the cytotoxic effect of TNF.
Scalable Hierarchical Polyhedral Compilation (2016)

Computers across the board, from embedded to future exascale computers, are consistently designed with deeper memory hierarchies. While this opens up exciting opportunities for improving software performance and energy efficiency, it also makes it increasingly difficult to efficiently exploit the hardware. Advanced compilation techniques are a possible solution to this difficult problem and, among them, the polyhedral compilation technology provides a pathway for performing advanced automatic parallelization and code transformations. However, the polyhedral model is also known for its poor scalability with respect to the number of dimensions in the polyhedra that are used for representing programs. Although current compilers can cope with such limitation when targeting shallow hierarchies, polyhedral optimizations often become intractable as soon as deeper hardware hierarchies are considered. We address this problem by introducing two new operators for polyhedral compilers: focalisation and defocalisation. When applied in the compilation flow, the new operators reduce the dimensionality of polyhedra, which drastically simplifies the mathematical problems solved during the compilation. We prove that the presented operators preserve the original program semantics, allowing them to be safely used in compilers. We implemented the operators in a production compiler, which drastically improved its performance and scalability when targeting deep hierarchies.
[Particulate recombinant hepatitis E virus capsid protein and its antigenicity and immunogenicity]. (2004)

An E. coli expressed recombinant antigen NE2 was reported to aggregate into homo-oligomer, and can induce protective antibodies on rhesus monkey, but its immunogenicty was much weak after being purified. In this study, three N-terminal extension mutant of NE2 were expressed in E. coli, one of which named HEV 239 was found to aggregate into particle. HEV 239 antigen had good reactivity with sera of hepatitis E patients. The reactivity of HEV 239 against neutralization monoclonal antibody 8C11 was similar as NE2 antigen, while the reactivity of it against another neutralization monoclonal antibody 8H3 is much better than NE2 antigen, which indicated better antigenicity of HEV 239 than NE2. The diameter of purified HEV 239 particulate antigen was between 15 nm to 30 nm. The ED50 of immunization of HEV 239 particle adsorbed by aluminum adjuvant to BALB/c mice was between 0.08 microg to 0.25 microg. In contrast, the seraconversion rate of mice immunized by NE2 antigen adsorbed by aluminium adjuvant was only 25% on 60 microg vaccination. These results suggested that HEV 239 antigen particle has better immunogenicity as well as antigenicity than those of NE2 antigen, so it is a better vaccine candidate against HEV.
Infrared dynamic scene simulating device based on light down-conversion (2003)

The pixelless dynamic scene projector successful in generating high-speed (microsecond range) broadband infrared (planckω<Eg, where ω is light frequency, planck is Planck's constant and Eg is the band gap value of the screen material) scenarios through shorter wavelength optical pumping planckω>Eg of a semiconductor screen was developed, fabricated, and tested. The device operation principle is based on a possibility of dynamically modulating the apparent temperature (or power emitted in the spectral range of free carrier absorption–emission processes) of an image optically generated on a semiconductor screen (light down-conversion process). The device successfully monitors both hot and cold images (compared to a scene temperature) as well as erase-image and display-hidden-image processes. The results of an experimental study of a germanium screen (300 K < T<500 K) in the 8–12 µm spectral range are reported for the first time.
Nanosized zeolites: Quo Vadis? (2016)

This feature article highlights recent developments in nanosized zeolites and addresses the question: what will be next? Until recently the limiting step to practical applications was determined by the challenging synthesis of nanosized zeolites in high yield and adequate form. The advances in the synthesis of nanozeolites that provide the basis for future developments and for diverse practical applications are reviewed. The main trends and challenges in processing, characterization and applications of nanosized zeolites are summarized. Particular attention is paid to the processing of nanosized zeolites in terms of their further use. The extending applications of nanosized zeolites in nanotechnology, medicine, pharmaceutical, and food industry, are discussed.