gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Plasmon-Resonant Nanoparticles and Nanostars with Magnetic Cores: Synthesis and Magnetomotive Imaging (2010)

Plasmon-resonant gold nanostars (NSTs) with magnetic cores were synthesized by a multistep sequence from superparamagnetic Fe3O4 nanoparticles (NPs) and evaluated as optical contrast agents under magnetomotive (MM) imaging conditions. Core-shell Fe3O4@Au NPs were prepared in nonpolar organic solvents with nanometer control over shell thickness and with good epitaxy to the Fe3O4 surface. Anisotropic growth was performed in micellar solutions of cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB) under mildly reducing conditions, resulting in NSTs with physical features similar to those produced from colloidal gold seeds. NSTs could be produced below 100 nm from tip to tip, but seed size had a significant impact on growth habit, with larger seed particles producing submicrometer-sized "morning stars". Both NSTs and aggregated core-shell NPs are responsive to in-plane magnetic field gradients and can provide enhanced near-infrared (NIR) contrast under MM conditions, but do so by different mechanisms. NSTs can modulate polarized NIR scattering with minimal translational motion, giving the appearance of a periodic but stationary "blinking", whereas core-shell NP aggregates require lateral displacement for signal modulation. The polarization-sensitive MM imaging modality offers the dual advantage of enhanced signal quality and reduced background signal and can be applied toward the detection of magnetomotive NSTs in heterogeneous biological samples, as illustrated by their detection inside of granular cells such as macrophages.
Control design for axial flux permanent magnet synchronous motor which operates above the nominal speed (2017)

The axial flux permanent magnet synchronous motor (AFPM motor) using magnet bearings instead of ball-bearings at both two shaft ends could allow rotational speed of shaft much greater than nominal speed. One of the solutions to increase motor speed higher than its nameplate speed is reducing rotor's pole magnetic flux of rotor (p). This paper proposes a method to boost the speed of AFPM motor above nominal speed by adding a reversed current isd of (p).
Micro-Scale Frontal Affinity Chromatography with Mass Spectrometric Detection: A New Method for the Screening of Compound Libraries (1998)

In one run the binding constants K<sub>d</sub> for all the active components of a ligand library at sub-microgram quantities can be determined. A mixture of ligands is continuously infused through a column of immobilized receptor, and the eluent analyzed by electrospray mass spectrometry. From the affinity chromatogram produced (see picture) the breakthrough volume of a single compound and hence its K<sub>d</sub> value can be determined.
A proposed role for efflux transporters in the pathogenesis of hydrocephalus (2014)

Hydrocephalus is a common brain disorder that is treated only with surgery. The basis for surgical treatment rests on the circulation theory. However, clinical and experimental data to substantiate circulation theory have remained inconclusive. In brain tissue and in the ventricles, we see that osmotic gradients drive water diffusion in water-permeable tissue. As the osmolarity of ventricular CSF increases within the cerebral ventricles, water movement into the ventricles increases and causes hydrocephalus. Macromolecular clearance from the ventricles is a mechanism to establish the normal CSF osmolarity, and therefore ventricular volume. Efflux transporters, (p-glycoprotein), are located along the blood brain barrier and play an important role in the clearance of macromolecules (endobiotics and xenobiotics) from the brain to the blood. There is clinical and experimental data to show that macromolecules are cleared out of the brain in normal and hydrocephalic brains. This article summarizes the existing evidence to support the role of efflux transporters in the pathogenesis of hydrocephalus. The location of p-gp along the pathways of macromolecular clearance and the broad substrate specificity of this abundant transporter to a variety of different macromolecules are reviewed. Involvement of p-gp in the transport of amyloid beta in Alzheimer disease and its relation to normal pressure hydrocephalus is reviewed. Finally, individual variability of p-gp expression might explain the variability in the development of hydrocephalus following intraventricular hemorrhage.
A novel high PSRR bandgap over a wide frequency range (2010)

This paper describes a novel bandgap reference with high PSRR over a wide frequency range. The design utilizes an internally regulated supply voltage without high gain feedback loop. Thus improve PSRR even at high frequency. Additional transistors are added to further improve supply rejection and minimize the second order effect. The circuit is implemented in 0.25 μm CMOS technology. It generates a reference voltage of 1.262 V which has a voltage variation versus temperature of 0.1% from -20 C to 90 C. It has a PSRR of 85 dB at 1 kHz and still 64 dB at 1MHz.
A function-blocking CD47 antibody suppresses stem cell and EGF signaling in triple-negative breast cancer (2016)

CD47 is a signaling receptor for thrombospondin-1 and the counter-receptor for signal-regulatory protein-α (SIRPα). By inducing inhibitory SIRPα signaling, elevated CD47 expression by some cancers prevents macrophage phagocytosis. The anti-human CD47 antibody B6H12 inhibits tumor growth in several xenograft models, presumably by preventing SIRPα engagement. However, CD47 signaling in nontransformed and some malignant cells regulates self-renewal, suggesting that CD47 antibodies may therapeutically target cancer stem cells (CSCs). Treatment of MDA-MB-231 breast CSCs with B6H12 decreased proliferation and asymmetric cell division. Similar effects were observed in T47D CSCs but not in MCF7 breast carcinoma or MCF10A breast epithelial cells. Gene expression analysis in breast CSCs treated with B6H12 showed decreased expression of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) and the stem cell transcription factor KLF4. EGFR and KLF4 mRNAs are known targets of microRNA-7, and B6H12 treatment correspondingly enhanced microRNA-7 expression in breast CSCs. B6H12 treatment also acutely inhibited EGF-induced EGFR tyrosine phosphorylation. Expression of B6H12-responsive genes correlated with CD47 mRNA expression in human breast cancers, suggesting that the CD47 signaling pathways identified in breast CSCs are functional in vivo. These data reveal a novel SIRPα-independent mechanism by which therapeutic CD47 antibodies could control tumor growth by autonomously forcing differentiation of CSC.
The Enigmatic Planctomycetes May Hold a Key to the Origins of Methanogenesis and Methylotrophy (2004)

Methanogenesis and methane oxidation are the major biological processes affecting the global cycling of the powerful greenhouse gas methane. To carry out the two alternative bioconversions, Nature has cleverly recycled key reactions for the C1 transfers between the oxidation levels of formaldehyde and formate, and these involve analogous enzyme systems and common specialized cofactors, methanopterin and methanofuran. Until recently, the distribution of these functions has been limited to methanogenic archaea and methylotrophic proteobacteria, and their evolutionary history remained obscure. Single interdomain lateral transfer of the respective genes has been suggested to play a role. Here we show that genes for C1 transfer reactions linked to methanopterin and methanofuran are also present in diverse representatives of the enigmatic bacterial clade, the Planctomycetes. Phylogenetic analysis places the planctomycete sequences as distantly from their archaeal counterparts as from their proteobacterial counterparts, suggesting novel scenarios for the evolution of the C1 transfer functions in both methanogens and methylotrophs. This finding suggests a possible role for Planctomycetes in the evolution of the methane cycle on Earth.
Guest-transparent instruction authentication for self-patching kernels (2012)

Attackers can exploit vulnerable programs that are running with elevated permissions to insert kernel rootkits into a system. Security mechanisms have been created to prevent kernel rootkit implantation by relocating the vulnerable physical system to a guest virtual machine and enforcing a W ⊕ KX memory access control policy from the host virtual machine monitor. Such systems must also be able to identify and authorize the introduction of known-good kernel code. Previous works use cryptographic hashes to verify the integrity of kernel code at load-time. The hash creation and verification procedure depends on immutable kernel code. However, some modern kernels contain self-patching kernel code; they may overwrite executable instructions in memory after load-time. Such dynamic patching may occur for a variety of reason including: CPU optimizations, multiprocessor compatibility adjustments, and advanced debugging. The previous hash verification procedure cannot handle such modifications. We describe the design and implementation of a procedure that verifies the integrity of each modified instruction as it is introduced into the guest kernel. Our experiments with a self-patching Linux guest kernel show that our system can correctly detect and verify all valid instruction modifications and reject all invalid ones. In most cases our patch-level verification procedure incurs only nominal performance impact.
EIT image reconstruction using sensitivity weighted filtered backprojection (1994)

A set of specifications thought useful to advance the utility of electrical impedance tomography as a clinical imaging modality is proposed, together with an approach to image reconstruction designed to fulfil these specifications. Computer simulations are used to investigate the performance of this reconstruction approach on simple, known, impedance distributions and to develop the method to the stage of a complete reconstruction algorithm. The algorithm is then tested on data sets produced by measurements on a physical phantom, and on a set of measurements made on a volunteer human subject.
UCH‐L1 aggresome formation in response to proteasome impairment indicates a role in inclusion formation in Parkinson's disease (2004)

Aggresomes are associated with many neurodegenerative disorders, including Parkinson's disease, and polyglutamine disorders such as Huntington's disease. These inclusions commonly contain ubiquitylated proteins. The stage at which these proteins are ubiquitylated remains unclear. A malfunction of the ubiquitin/proteasome system (UPS) may be associated with their formation. Conversely, it may reflect an unsuccessful attempt by the cell to remove them. Previously, we demonstrated that overexpression of Parkin, a ubiquitin-protein ligase associated with autosomal recessive juvenile Parkinsonism, generates aggresome-like inclusions in UPS compromised cells. Mutations in the de-ubiquitylating enzyme, UCH-L1, cause a rare form of Parkinsonism. We now demonstrate that overexpression of UCH-L1 also forms ribbon-like aggresomes in response to proteasomal inhibition. Disease-associated mutations, which affect enzymatic activities, significantly increased the number of inclusions. UCH-L1 aggresomes co-localized with ubiquitylated proteins, HSP70, gamma-tubulin and, to a lesser extent, the 20S proteasome and the chaperone BiP. Similar to Parkin inclusions, we found UCH-L1 aggresomes to be surrounded by a tubulin rather than a vimentin cage-like structure. Furthermore, UCH-L1 aggregates with Parkin and alpha-synuclein in some, but not all inclusions, suggesting the heterogeneous nature of these inclusion bodies. This study provides additional evidence that aggregation-prone proteins are likely to recruit UPS components in an attempt to clear proteins from failing proteasomes. Furthermore, UCH-L1 accumulation is likely to play a pathological role in inclusion formation in Parkinson's disease.
MRI Findings in Painful Metal-on-Metal Hip Arthroplasty (2012)

Synovitis is common in patients with metal-on-metal hip prostheses and occurs with a similar incidence after resurfacing arthroplasty and after THA; osteolysis and extracapsular disease are uncommon. The MRI signs most suggestive of aseptic lymphocytic vasculitis-associated lesions are high volumes of synovitis, extracapsular disease, and intramuscular edema.
A novel method of fabricating carbon nanotubes-polydimethylsiloxane composite electrodes for electrocardiography (2015)

Polymer-based flexible electrodes are receiving much attention in medical applications due to their good wearing comfort. The current fabrication methods of such electrodes are not widely applied. In this study, polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) and conductive additives of carbon nanotubes (CNTs) were employed to fabricate composite electrodes for electrocardiography (ECG). A three-step dispersion process consisting of ultrasonication, stirring, and in situ polymerization was developed to yield homogenous CNTs-PDMS mixtures. The CNTs-PDMS mixtures were used to fabricate CNTs-PDMS composite electrodes by replica technology. The influence of ultrasonication time and CNT concentration on polymer electrode performance was evaluated by impedance and ECG measurements. The signal amplitude of the electrodes prepared using an ultrasonication time of 12 h and CNT content of 5 wt% was comparable to that of commercial Ag/AgCl electrodes. The polymer electrodes were easily fabricated by conventional manufacturing techniques, indicating a potential advantage of reduced cost for mass production.
Expression of the melanin‐concentrating hormone (MCH) receptor mRNA in the rat brain (2001)

The melanin-concentrating hormone (MCH) system is thought to be an important regulator of food intake. Recently the orphan G protein-coupled receptor SLC-1 was identified as the MCH receptor (MCHR). Preliminary analyses of MCHR mRNA distribution have supported a role for the MCH system in nutritional homeostasis. We report here a complete anatomical distribution of the MCHR mRNA. We have found high levels of expression of MCHR mRNA in most anatomical areas implicated in control of olfaction, with the exception of the main olfactory bulb. Dense labeling was also detected in the hippocampal formation, subiculum, and basolateral amygdala, all of which are important in learning and memory, and in the shell of the nucleus accumbens, a substrate for motivated behavior and feeding. Within the hypothalamus, MCHR mRNA was moderately expressed in the ventromedial nucleus, arcuate nucleus, and zona incerta, all of which serve key roles in the neuronal circuitry of feeding. In the brainstem, strong expression was observed in the locus coeruleus, which is implicated in arousal, as well as in nuclei that contribute to orofacial function and mastication, including the facial, hypoglossal, motor trigeminal, and dorsal motor vagus nuclei. In most regions there was a good correspondence between MCHR mRNA distribution and that of MCH-immunoreactive fibers. Taken together, these data suggest that MCH may act at various levels of the brain to integrate various aspects of feeding behavior. However, the extensive MCHR distribution throughout the brain suggests that this receptor may play a role in other functions, most notably reinforcement, arousal, sensorimotor integration, and autonomic control.
Homeobox Gene Product Nkx 6.1 Immunoreactivity in Nuclei of Endocrine Cells of Rat and Mouse Stomach (1998)

The homeobox gene product Nkx 6.1 is of unknown function but is expressed in the pancreas and the antropyloric mucosa of the stomach. In the adult pancreas, Nkx 6.1 possesses an insulin cell-restricted distribution, whereas its localization in the stomach is unknown. We now show that the vast majority of serotonin-producing enterochromaffin cells of the antropyloric mucosa contain Nkx 6. 1-immunoreactive nuclei. In addition, a subpopulation of cells co-storing serotonin and gastrin display Nkx 6.1-positive nuclei. Such cells have been postulated to represent precursors of mature gastrin and serotonin cells. The nuclei of the co-storing cells have previously also been found to be positive for another homeodomain protein, Pdx-1. Pdx-1-deficient animals were therefore investigated and were found to be devoid of Nkx 6.1-positive nuclei. Our data show that Pdx-1 is needed for Nkx 6.1 expression and suggest a role for Nkx 6.1 in the maturation of gastrin- and serotonin-positive precursor cells.
Characterization of Chloroplast Protein Import without Tic56, a Component of the 1-Megadalton Translocon at the Inner Envelope Membrane of Chloroplasts (2015)

We report on the characterization of Tic56, a unique component of the recently identified 1-MD translocon at the inner envelope membrane of chloroplasts (TIC) in Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) comprising Tic20, Tic100, and Tic214. We isolated Tic56 by copurification with Tandem Affinity Purification-tagged Toc159 in the absence of precursor protein, indicating spontaneous and translocation-independent formation of the translocon at the outer envelope membrane of chloroplasts (TOC) and TIC supercomplexes. Tic56 mutant plants have an albino phenotype and are unable to grow without an external carbon source. Using specific enrichment of protein amino termini, we analyzed the tic56-1 and plastid protein import2 (toc159) mutants to assess the in vivo import capacity of plastids in mutants of an outer and inner envelope component of the anticipated TOC-TIC supercomplex. Inboth mutants, we observed processing of several import substrates belonging to various pathways. Our results suggest that despite the severe developmental defects, protein import into Tic56-deficient plastids is functional to a considerable degree, indicating the existence of alternative translocases at the inner envelope membrane.
<title>Automatic indexing of news video for content-based retrieval</title> (1998)

Since it is impossible to automatically parse a general video, we investigated an integrated solution for the content-based news video indexing and the retrieval. Thus, a specific structural video such as news video is parsed, because it is included both temporal and spatial characteristics that the news event with an anchor-person is iteratively appeared, a news icon and a caption are involved in some frame, respectively. To extract automatically the key frames by using the structured knowledge of news, the model used in this paper is consisted of the news event segmentation, caption recognition and search browser module. The following are three main modules represented in this paper: (1) The news event segmentation module (NESM) for both the recognition and the division of an anchor-person shot. (2) The caption recognition module (CRM) for the detection of the caption-frames in a news event, the extraction of their caption region in the frame by using split-merge method, and the recognition of the region as a text with OCR software. 3) The search browser module (SBM) for the display of the list of news events and news captions, which are included in selected news event. However, the SBM can be caused various searching mechanisms.
Evaluation of Boneloc®: Chemical and mechanical properties, and a randomized clinical study of 30 total hip arthroplasties (1995)

We evaluated the mechanical, chemical and clinical properties of Boneloc cement using radiostereometry and a series of laboratory tests. Compared to a standard cement (Palacos) the new cement displayed reduced tensile strength, elastic modulus, curing and glass transition temperatures. The amount of MMA extracted during 3 weeks in methanol was smaller for the Boneloc, but the total amount of released monomers was larger. The adhesion to stainless steel and bone did not differ. Radiostereometric analysis during the first postoperative year in 30 patients randomized to fixation of hip prostheses using either of the 2 cements displayed increased proximal migration of the cup and increased stem subsidence when Boneloc had been used. Part of the stem subsidence occurred inside the cement mantle. On the basis of these findings, we conclude that the inferior fixation in the Boneloc group is mainly caused by its mechanical properties. Other mechanisms, such as increased release of monomers, may also be important.
Approche pour la sûreté de fonctionnement en environnement mobile : application aux véhicules autonomes et connectés. (2019)

Connected and Autonomous vehicles (CAV) must have adequate reliability and safety requirements in uncertain environments with complex circumstances. Sensor technology, actuators and artificial intelligence (AI) are constantly and rapidly evolving, thus enabling further development of self-driving vehicles, and increasing the automation of driving. CAV shows many benefits in human life such as increasing road safety, reducing pollution, and providing independent mobility to non-drivers. However, these advanced components create a new set of challenges concerning safety and dependability. Hence, it is necessary to evaluate these technologies before implementation.We study in this thesis the reliability of CAV as a whole, focusing on sensors and the communication system. For that purpose, a functional analysis was done for the CAV system.Our scientific approach for the analyzing the CAV reliability, was structured with methods that combine quantitative and qualitative approaches such as functional analysis for both internal and external, Preliminary Risk Analysis (PRA), and failure modes and effects criticality analysis (FMECA), in addition to other analysis techniques.To prove our results, a simulation was done using the Fault Tree analysis (FTA) probability in order to validate the proposed approach. The data (Failure ratio) used were from a professional database related to the type of components presented in the system. Using this data, a probabilistic model of degradation was proposed. A probability calculation was performed in relation to a reference time of use. Thereafter a sensitivity analysis was suggested concerning the reliability parameters and redesign proposals developed for the components.CAV provide several communication models: vehicles to vehicle (V2V), or with Road Side Infrastructure: vehicle to infrastructure (V2I). Dedicated Short Range Communication (DSRC) employs a multichannel approach to cater for a variety of safety and non-safety applications. Safety applications necessitate appropriate and reliable transmissions, while non-safety applications require performance and high speed. Broadcasting of Basic Safety Messages (BSM) is one of the fundamental services in today’s connected vehicles. For that, an analytical model to evaluate the reliability of IEEE 802.11 based V2V safety-related broadcast services in DSRC system on highway was proposed. Finally, an enhancement on the proposed model was made in order to increase the reliability of the V2V connection, taking into consideration many factors such as transmission range, vehicle density, and safety headway distance on highway, packet error rate, noise influence, and failures rates of communication equipment.Evaluating these problems leads to a sensitivity analysis related to reliability parameters, which helps further innovation in CAV and automobile engineering.
It's in your blood: spectral biomarker candidates for urinary bladder cancer from automated FTIR spectroscopy (2014)

Blood samples of urinary bladder cancer (UBC) patients and patients with urinary tract infection were analysed with advanced automated high throughput Fourier transform infrared (HT-FTIR)-spectroscopy. Thin dried film samples were robotically prepared on multi-well titer plates (MTP) for absorbance measurements in transmission mode. Within the absorbance, 1st and 2nd derivative spectra of serum and two plasma preparations, discriminative patterns were identified and validated using bioinformatic tools. The optimal spectral resolution for data acquisition was determined. An accurate discrimination of the patient groups was achieved with three different independent spectral variable sets. The HT-FTIR blood test may support future clinical diagnostics.