gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
XUV frequency-comb metrology on the ground state of helium (2011)

The operation of a frequency comb at extreme ultraviolet (xuv) wavelengths based on pairwise amplification and nonlinear upconversion to the 15th harmonic of pulses from a frequency-comb laser in the near-infrared range is reported. It is experimentally demonstrated that the resulting spectrum at 51 nm is fully phase coherent and can be applied to precision metrology. The pulses are used in a scheme of direct-frequency-comb excitation of helium atoms from the ground state to the $1s4p$ and $1s5p$ ${{}^{1}\phantom{\rule{-0.16em}{0ex}}P}_{1}$ states. Laser ionization by auxiliary 1064 nm pulses is used to detect the excited-state population, resulting in a cosine-like signal as a function of the repetition rate of the frequency comb with a modulation contrast of up to 55$%$. Analysis of the visibility of this comb structure, thereby using the helium atom as a precision phase ruler, yields an estimated timing jitter between the two upconverted-comb laser pulses of 50 attoseconds, which is equivalent to a phase jitter of $0.38\phantom{\rule{0.16em}{0ex}}(6)$ cycles in the xuv at 51 nm. This sets a quantitative figure of merit for the operation of the xuv comb and indicates that extension to even shorter wavelengths should be feasible. The helium metrology investigation results in transition frequencies of $5\phantom{\rule{0.16em}{0ex}}740\phantom{\rule{0.16em}{0ex}}806\phantom{\rule{0.16em}{0ex}}993\phantom{\rule{0.16em}{0ex}}(10)$ and $5\phantom{\rule{0.16em}{0ex}}814\phantom{\rule{0.16em}{0ex}}248\phantom{\rule{0.16em}{0ex}}672\phantom{\rule{0.16em}{0ex}}(6)$ MHz for excitation of the $1s4p$ and $1s5p$ ${}^{1}\phantom{\rule{-0.16em}{0ex}}{P}_{1}$ states, respectively. This constitutes an important frequency measurement in the xuv, attaining high accuracy in this windowless part of the electromagnetic spectrum. From the measured transition frequencies an eight-fold-improved ${}^{4}$He ionization energy of $5\phantom{\rule{0.16em}{0ex}}945\phantom{\rule{0.16em}{0ex}}204\phantom{\rule{0.16em}{0ex}}212\phantom{\rule{0.16em}{0ex}}(6)$ MHz is derived. Also, a new value for the ${}^{4}$He ground-state Lamb shift is found of $41\phantom{\rule{0.16em}{0ex}}247\phantom{\rule{0.16em}{0ex}}(6)$ MHz. This experimental value is in agreement with recent theoretical calculations up to order $m{\ensuremath{\alpha}}^{6}$ and ${m}^{2}/M{\ensuremath{\alpha}}^{5}$, but with a six-times-higher precision, therewith providing a stringent test of quantum electrodynamics in bound two-electron systems.
An Intramembrane Modulator of the ErbB2 Receptor Tyrosine Kinase That Potentiates Neuregulin Signaling (1999)

The ErbB2 receptor tyrosine kinase plays a critical role in a variety of developmental processes, and its aberrant activation may contribute to the progression of some breast and ovarian tumors. ASGP2, a transmembrane glycoprotein found on the surface of the highly metastatic ascites 13762 rat mammary adenocarcinoma cell line, is constitutively associated with ErbB2 in these cells and in mammary tissue from pregnant rats. Expression studies indicate that ASGP2 interacts directly and specifically with ErbB2 through one of its epidermal growth factor-like domains and that the co-expression of the two proteins in the same cell dramatically facilitates their direct stable interaction. Ectopic expression of ASGP2 in human melanoma tumor cells potentiates the response of endogenous ErbB2 to the neuregulin-1 growth factor. These observations point to a novel intramembrane mechanism for the modulation of receptor tyrosine kinase activity.
Prognostic factors in neuroendocrine carcinoma: biological markers are more useful than histomorphological markers (2017)

Gastroenteropancreatic neuroendocrine carcinomas (GEP-NEC) are a very aggressive type of cancer, for which prognostic factors are lacking. We analysed clinical and histomorphological prognostic markers of overall survival (OS), completed with a record of biological and haematological data of patients diagnosed between December 2002 and December 2015. The median OS was 16 months (95% CI 13.9-18.1). After univariate analysis, performance status (PS) ≥ 2 and stage IV were associated with a worse outcome (9 months and 14 months, respectively), as well as patients with lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) levels ≥ 2 ULN (9 months and 8 months, respectively). After multivariate analysis, LDH and AST levels were the only factors that remained significantly associated with better survival: HR 0.36 (p = 0.04) and 0.31 (p = 0.03), respectively. When patients had elevated LDH and AST levels, OS was 20 months, when they had high LDH or AST levels, 13 months and 8 months in the group with low LDH and AST levels (p < 0.001). Therefore, biological data appeared to be more relevant prognostic factors than usual factors described in other studies (PS, stage, and Ki-67). Considering LDH and AST levels at diagnosis could help physicians to predict survival and to stratify patients for clinical trials.
Process automation in Wastewater Treatment Plants: the Finnish experience (2010)

The degree and importance of automation at municipal wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) have increased with the development of technology and tightening of treatment requirements. The objective of this paper is to assess and document the current status of process automation at WWTPs in Finland to determine successful practices and the needs of plant operators. Renewing ammonia or organic content removal processes to total nitrogen removal processes has also increased the need of Instrumentation, Control and Automation (ICA). The survey has quantified that the reliability and accuracy of the on-line sensor measurement has improved recently, which makes the use of on-line measurements in control more applicable. The use of nutrient sensors in control is apparently still rare at Finnish WWTPs even though their use for monitoring purposes is common. Keywords Automation, control, Finland, instrumentation, sensors, survey, wastewater
Mobility management in VANET (2013)

Vehicle Ad Hoc Network (VANET) has been recently attracting an increasing attention from both research and industry communities. The specific characteristics of VANET pose difficulties and challenges on network control techniques, particularly, the mobility management techniques of vehicles, which are essential in providing seamless communication and guaranteeing user QoS requirements. In this paper, an overview of mobility management techniques in VANET is presented. The mobility scenario and the technical challenges in mobility management in VANET are discussed. Recent studies on performance enhancement of mobility management protocols in VANET is summarized and the problem of optimal mobile gateway selection is discussed. Finally, the related open research issues are discussed.
[A simple, convenient method for the synthesis of acyclic analogs of guanosine]. (1989)

A simple convenient method for the synthesis of guanosine acyclic analogues with the nucleic base attached to the primary carbon atom is proposed. The method involves treatment of trimethylsilyl derivative of guanine with agents of general formula ROCH2Cl in the absence of Lewis acids. 9-Substituted derivatives of guanine were prepared by this method with 50-65% yields.
<sup>31</sup>P NMR detection of mobile dog brain phospholipids (1986)

The in vivo dog brain 31P NMR spectrum has a large peak in the phosphodiester region accounting for more than 35% of the total observable phosphorus metabolites. It is possible to reduce the intensity of this peak by off-resonance saturation. To characterize the nature of this peak, extracts of dog brain frozen in situ were analyzed by high resolution 31P NMR. ATP, phosphocreatine, inorganic phosphate, and phosphomonoesters were recovered in appropriate amounts in the methanol:HCl extract. However, acid soluble phosphodiesters accounted for only 8% of the observable phosphorus. More NMR observable phosphodiesters were selectively recovered following CHCl3:methanol extraction of phospholipids. These results suggest that the in vivo phosphodiester resonance has substantial contributions from a fraction of mobile brain phospholipids.
Immunoimaging: Studying Immune System Dynamics Using Two-Photon Microscopy (2011)

INTRODUCTION Cells of the immune system explore a wider territory than any other cells in the body. Responses to a pathogen typically require long-range migration of cells, short-range communication by local chemical signaling, and direct cell-cell contact. Two-photon microscopy allows these processes to be visualized within native tissue environments. Immunoimaging is rapidly developing from a merely descriptive technique into a set of methods and analytical tools that can be used to quantify and to characterize an immune response at the cellular level. This article outlines the hardware required for immunoimaging and discusses methods for quantitative analysis of multidimensional image stacks.
Diagnosis and Management of Cystic Lesions of the Pancreas (2011)

Pancreatic cysts are challenging lesions to diagnose and to treat. Determining which of the five most common diagnoses-pancreatic pseudocyst, serous cystic neoplasm (SCN), solid pseudopapillary neoplasm (SPN), mucinous cystic neoplasm (MCN), and intraductal mucinous papillary neoplasm (IPMN)-is likely the correct one requires the careful integration of many historical, radiographic, laboratory, and other factors, and management is markedly different depending on the type of cystic lesion of the pancreas. Pseudocysts are generally distinguishable based on historical, clinical and radiographic characteristics, and among the others, the most important differentiation is between the mucin-producing MCN and IPMN (high risk for cancer) versus the serous SCN and SPN (low risk for cancer). EUS with FNA and cyst-fluid analysis will continue to play an important role in diagnosis. Among mucinous lesions, those that require treatment (resection currently) are any MCN, any MD IPMN, and BD IPMN larger than 3 cm, symptomatic, or with an associated mass, with the understanding that SCN or pseudocysts may be removed inadvertently due to diagnostic inaccuracy, and that a certain proportion of SPN will indeed be malignant at the time of removal. The role of ethanol ablation is under investigation as an alternative to resection in selected patients.
Lipid composition of perilla seed (1994)

Abstract The composition of lipids and oil characteristics from perilla [ Perilla frutescens (L.) Britt.] seed cultivars are reported. Total lipid contents of the five perilla seed cultivars ranged from 38.6 to 47.8% on a dry weight basis. The lipids consisted of 91.2–93.9% neutral lipids, 3.9–5.8% glycolipids and 2.0–3.0% phospholipids. Neutral lipids consisted mostly of triacylglycerols (88.1–91.0%) and small amounts of sterol esters, hydrocarbons, free fatty acids, free sterols and partial glycerides. Among the glycolipids, esterified sterylglycoside (48.9–53.2%) and sterylglycoside (22.1–25.4%) were the most abundant, while monogalactosyldiacylglycerol and digalactosyldiacylglycerol were present as minor components. Of the phospholipids, phosphatidylethanolamine (50.4–57.1%) and phosphatidylcholines (17.6–20.6%) were the major components, and phosphatidic acid, lysophosphatidylcholine, phosphatidylserine and phosphatidylinositol were present in small quantities. The major fatty acids of the perilla oil were linolenic (61.1–64.0%), linoleic (14.3–17.0%) and oleic acids (13.2–14.9%). Some of the physicochemical characteristics and the tocopherol composition of perilla oil were determined.
NMR-Based Multi Parametric Quality Control of Fruit Juices: SGF Profiling (2009)

With SGF Profiling™ we introduce an NMR-based screening method for the quality control of fruit juices. This method has been developed in a joint effort by Bruker BioSpin GmbH and SGF International e.V. The system is fully automated with respect to sample transfer, measurement, data analysis and reporting and is set up on an Avance 400 MHz flow-injection NMR spectrometer. For each fruit juice a multitude of parameters related to quality and authenticity are evaluated simultaneously from a single data set acquired within a few minutes. This multimarker/multi-aspect NMR screening approach features low cost-per-sample and is highly competitive with conventional and targeted fruit juice quality control methods.
Calibrating Steady-State Traffic Stream and Car-Following Models Using Loop Detector Data (2009)

The research reported in this paper develops a heuristic automated tool (SPD_CAL) for calibrating steady-state traffic stream and car-following models using loop detector data. The performance of the automated procedure is then compared to off-the-shelf optimization software parameter estimates, including the MINOS and Branch and Reduce Optimization Navigator (BARON) solvers. The model structure and optimization procedure is shown to fit data from different roadway types and traffic regimes (uncongested and congested conditions) with a high quality of fit (within 1% of the optimum objective function). Furthermore, the selected functional form is consistent with multiregime models, without the need to deal with the complexities associated with the selection of regime breakpoints. The heuristic SPD_CAL solver, which is available for free, is demonstrated to perform better than the MINOS and BARON solvers in terms of execution time (at least 10 times faster), computational efficiency (better match to field data), and algorithm robustness (always produces a valid and reasonable solution).
An unusual side effect of Ibuprofen post dental therapy: increased erectile and libido activity. (2015)

Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs are the most commonly used medications for pain control in dentistry. The reported adverse effects include gastrointestinal and cardiovascular events, alterations in renal function, and effects on blood pressure, hepatic injury, and platelet inhibition which can lead to increased bleeding. This case report describes an unusual rare adverse event of the use of ibuprofen for pain control post restorative treatment. A 26-year-old, otherwise healthy Saudi male reported an unusual side effect of increased libido and erectile function post use of ibuprofen. The medical and laboratory tests have failed to identify a link between this rare adverse event and either underlying conditions or possibly related etiology. This case represented a puzzling challenge with no clear explanation.
The Independent Effects of Gravity and Inertia on Running Mechanics (2000)

It is difficult to distinguish the independent effects of gravity from those of inertia on a running animal. Simply adding mass proportionally changes both the weight (gravitational force) and mass (inertial force) of the animal. We measured ground reaction forces for eight male humans running normally at 3 m s(-)(1) and under three experimental treatments: added gravitational and inertial forces, added inertial forces and reduced gravitational forces. Subjects ran at 110, 120 and 130 % of normal weight and mass, at 110, 120 and 130 % of normal mass while maintaining 100 % normal weight, and at 25, 50 and 75 % of normal weight while maintaining 100 % normal mass. The peak active vertical forces generated changed with weight, but did not change with mass. Surprisingly, horizontal impulses changed substantially more with weight than with mass. Gravity exerted a greater influence than inertia on both vertical and horizontal forces generated against the ground during running. Subjects changed vertical and horizontal forces proportionately at corresponding times in the step cycle to maintain the orientation of the resultant vector despite a nearly threefold change in magnitude across treatments. Maintaining the orientation of the resultant vector during periods of high force generation aligns the vector with the leg to minimize muscle forces.
Predictive Network Control in Multi-Connectivity Mobility for URLLC Services (2019)

This paper proposes a centralized predictive flow controller to handle multi-connectivity for ultra-reliable low latency communication (URLLC) services. The prediction is based on channel state information (CSI) and buffer state reports from the system nodes. For this, we extend CSI availability to a packet data convergence protocol (PDCP) controller. The controller captures CSI in a discrete time Markov chain (DTMC). The DTMC is used to predict forwarding decisions over a finite time horizon. The novel mathematical model optimizes over finite trajectories based on a linear program. The results show performance improvements in a multi-layer small cell mobility scenario in terms of end-to-end (E2E) throughput. Furthermore, 5G new radio (NR) complaint system level simulations (SLS) and results are shown for dual connectivity as well as for the general multi-connectivity case.
Paper-Based SERS Swab for Rapid Trace Detection on Real-World Surfaces (2010)

One of the important but often overlooked considerations in the design of surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) substrates for trace detection is the efficiency of sample collection. Conventional designs based on rigid substrates such as silicon, alumina, and glass resist conformal contact with the surface under investigation, making the sample collection inefficient. We demonstrate a novel SERS substrate based on common filter paper adsorbed with gold nanorods, which allows conformal contact with real-world surfaces, thus dramatically enhancing the sample collection efficiency compared to conventional rigid substrates. We demonstrate the detection of trace amounts of analyte (140 pg spread over 4 cm2) by simply swabbing the surface under investigation with the novel SERS substrate. The hierarchical fibrous structure of paper serves as a 3D vasculature for easy uptake and transport of the analytes to the electromagnetic hot spots in the paper. Simple yet highly efficient and cost-effective SERS substrate demonstrated here brings SERS-based trace detection closer to real-world applications.
syn-Trialkylated Truxenes: Building Blocks That Self-Associate by Arene Stacking (1999)

An exception to the rule: syn derivatives are—as common wisdom dictates—less stable than the least sterically congested anti isomers. In contrast, syn-trialkylated truxenes (see schematic representation) can be readily obtained by base-catalyzed isomerization of their anti congeners.
Dabigatran etexilate – a novel, reversible, oral direct thrombin inhibitor: Interpretation of coagulation assays and reversal of anticoagulant activity (2010)

Dabigatran etexilate is an oral, reversible direct thrombin inhibitor that is approved in the EU and several other countries for the prevention of venous thromboembolism after elective hip and knee replacement, and is in advanced clinical development for other thromboembolic disorders. Dabigatran has a predictable pharmacokinetic profile, allowing for a fixed-dose regimen without the need for routine coagulation monitoring. In certain clinical situations such as serious bleeding into critical organs (e.g. intracerebral bleeding), potential overdose and emergency surgery, clinicians will need to make an assessment of the anticoagulant status of a patient receiving dabigatran before deciding on future management strategies. If available, thrombin clotting time (TT), ecarin clotting time (ECT) and TT determined by Hemoclot thrombin inhibitor assay are sensitive tests to evaluate the anticoagulant effects of dabigatran. Prothrombin time (INR) is less sensitive than other assays and cannot be recommended. The activated partial thromboplastin time (aPTT) can provide a useful qualitative assessment of anticoagulant activity but is less sensitive at supratherapeutic dabigatran levels. There are limited data for activated clotting time (ACT). Overall, the aPTT and TT are the most accessible qualitative methods for determining the presence or absence of anticoagulant effect. Although there is no specific antidote to antagonise the anticoagulant effect of dabigatran, due to its short duration of effect drug discontinuation is usually sufficient to reverse any excessive anticoagulant activity. In case of potential overdose, the feasibility of early administration of activated charcoal and subsequent charcoal filtration are undergoing preclinical evaluation. Dabigatran can also be dialysed in patients with renal impairment. In instances of life-threatening bleeding, where conventional measures have failed or are unavailable, other non-specific prohaemostatic agents such as recombinant activated factor VII and prothrombin complex concentrates can be considered.
Sodium Solute Symporter and Cadherin Proteins Act as Bacillus thuringiensis Cry3Ba Toxin Functional Receptors in Tribolium castaneum (2013)

Understanding how Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) toxins interact with proteins in the midgut of susceptible coleopteran insects is crucial to fully explain the molecular bases of Bt specificity and insecticidal action. In this work, aminopeptidase N (TcAPN-I), E-cadherin (TcCad1), and sodium solute symporter (TcSSS) have been identified by ligand blot as putative Cry3Ba toxin-binding proteins in Tribolium castaneum (Tc) larvae. RNA interference knockdown of TcCad1 or TcSSS proteins resulted in decreased susceptibility to Cry3Ba toxin, demonstrating the Cry toxin receptor functionality for these proteins. In contrast, TcAPN-I silencing had no effect on Cry3Ba larval toxicity, suggesting that this protein is not relevant in the Cry3Ba toxin mode of action in Tc. Remarkable features of TcSSS protein were the presence of cadherin repeats in its amino acid sequence and that a TcSSS peptide fragment containing a sequence homologous to a binding epitope found in Manduca sexta and Tenebrio molitor Bt cadherin functional receptors enhanced Cry3Ba toxicity. This is the first time that the involvement of a sodium solute symporter protein as a Bt functional receptor has been demonstrated. The role of this novel receptor in Bt toxicity against coleopteran insects together with the lack of receptor functionality of aminopeptidase N proteins might account for some of the differences in toxin specificity between Lepidoptera and Coleoptera insect orders.
ChemInform Abstract: Antiparasitic Agents. Part 15. Synthesis of 4‐Phenyl‐1‐(2‐substituted‐ethyl)imidazolidin‐2‐ones as Structural Analogs of Levamisole Metabolite and Potential Leishmanicidal Agents. (1990)

Abstract The title compounds (VII) as well as the related imidazolidinones (VIII), (X) and (XI) are prepared as analogues of the metabolite (XII) of the effective leishmanicide (XIII).
An artificial neural network based adaptive power system stabilizer (1993)

An artificial neural network (ANN)-based power system stabilizer (PSS) and its application to power systems are presented. The ANN-based PSS combines the advantages of self-optimizing pole shifting adaptive control strategy and the quick response of ANN to introduce a new generation PSS. A popular type of ANN, the multilayer perceptron with error backpropagation training method, is used in this PSS. The ANN was trained by the training data group generated by the adaptive power system stabilizer (APSS). During the training, the ANN was required to memorize and simulate the control strategy of APSS until the differences were within the specified criteria. Results show that the proposed ANN-based PSS can provide good damping of the power system over a wide operating range and significantly improve the dynamic performance of the system.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Fundamental Medical Mycology (2011)

Fundamental medical mycology / , Fundamental medical mycology / , کتابخانه دیجیتال جندی شاپور اهواز