gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Magnesium and phosphate enrichment of culture medium stimulates the proliferation of epidermal cells from newborn and adult mice (1990)

The proliferation and differentiation of mouse epidermal cells can be sequentially analyzed by modification of extracellular calcium. Newborn cells cultured in low calcium medium (less than 0.1 mM) proliferate as a monolayer and maintain a typical basal cell phenotype in culture but have a limited proliferative capacity and short lifespan. Elevation of the magnesium content of the culture medium from 1 to 5 mM stimulated the proliferation of newborn mouse (1-3 days old) keratinocytes. Maximal DNA synthesis rates, as determined on day 5 of culture, were up to 2-3-fold higher in the magnesium-enriched cultures. Exposure to high magnesium caused 3-4-fold increases in the DNA content of newborn keratinocyte cultures, and extended the confluent phase of epidermal cell growth to over 10 days. Other divalent cations (strontium, copper, zinc, nickel, beryllium, and barium) did not improve keratinocyte growth in culture. Keratinocytes from the tail skin of adult (3 months old) mice displayed an absolute requirement for high phosphate in the culture medium. The medium containing an optimal (10 mM) phosphate concentration prevented the cell detachment caused by the standard low (1 mM) phosphate medium, and in combination with an elevated magnesium content (10-15 mM) it markedly increased both DNA synthesis rates and DNA content of the adult cell cultures. Optimally growing, newborn or adult cultures contained less cells in the G1 phase of the cell cycle and more cells in S and G2 +M. The addition of phosphate and magnesium per se did not induce keratinocyte differentiation and did not interfere with the high calcium (1 mM)-induced differentiation.
Binding and retrograde transport of leukemia inhibitory factor by the sensory nervous system (1992)

Leukemia inhibitory factor (LIF), a peptide growth factor with multiple activities, has recently been shown to support the generation and survival of sensory neurons in cultures of mouse neural crest and dorsal root ganglia (DRG). We have conducted binding experiments with 125I-LIF on cultures of DRG to determine the receptor distribution for LIF on these cells and found that at least 60% of the sensory neurons in the cultures bound 125I-LIF, all of which could be eliminated by the addition of unlabeled LIF. The other cells in the culture, which morphologically appeared to be Schwann cells, did not bind appreciable quantities of 125I-LIF. In order to investigate whether LIF is retrogradely transported to sensory neurons in vivo, 125I-LIF was injected into the footpads and gastrocnemius muscles of newborn and adult mice, following sciatic nerve ligation. Radioactivity accumulated in the distal portion of the sciatic nerve, indicating retrograde transport of LIF. Subsequent experiments on mice with unligated sciatic nerves showed that 125I-LIF is specifically transported into the sensory neurons of the DRG. There was no apparent transport of 125I-LIF into motor neurons in the spinal cord. These experiments demonstrate that LIF can specifically bind to and be transported by sensory neurons and further support the idea that LIF acts as a target-derived neurotrophic factor, analogous to NGF.
Synthesis of Methano[60]fullerenephosphonic- and Methano[60]fullerenediphosphonic Acids (2000)

Methano[60]fullerenephosphonic acid (5) and methano[60]fullerene diphosphonic acid (8) have been synthesized through the thermal addition of dimethyl diazomethylphosphonate to C60 and the Bingel-type reaction of tetramethyl bromomethylenediphosphonate with C60 in the presence of DBU, respectively. Hydrolysis of the phosphonic esters thus obtained afforded the corresponding acids.
NVIDIA A100 Tensor Core GPU: Performance and Innovation (2021)

NVIDIA A100 Tensor Core GPU is NVIDIA's latest flagship GPU. It has been designed with many new innovative features to provide performance and capabilities for HPC, AI, and data analytics workloads. Feature enhancements include a Third-Generation Tensor Core, new asynchronous data movement and programming model, enhanced L2 cache, HBM2 DRAM, and third-generation NVIDIA NVLink I/O.
Local ordering of nanostructured Pt probed by multiple-scattering XAFS (2007)

We present detailed results of a multiple-scattering (MS) extended x-ray absorption fine structure (EXAFS) data analysis of crystalline and nanocrystalline platinum. Advanced MS EXAFS analysis has been applied to raw x-ray absorption data including the background, using the expansion of the absorption cross section in terms of local two-body and three-body configurations. Present EXAFS results on bulk Pt are found to be in agreement with previous structural and vibrational data, and has been used as a reference for reliable structural refinement of nanosized systems. EXAFS structural refinement of Pt nanoparticles has been performed in combination with electron microscopy and x-ray diffraction, showing the importance of considering the actual size distribution and morphology of the samples. Present samples were unsupported and supported Pt nanocrystalline systems with size distributions showing clusters of quasispherical shape in the $1--7\phantom{\rule{0.3em}{0ex}}\mathrm{nm}$ range. In particular, EXAFS spectra have been analyzed accounting for the reduction of the coordination number and degeneracy of three-body configurations, resulting from the measured size distribution and expected surface atom contributions. The importance of a correct account of the reduction of the number of neighbors for calculating MS contributions is emphasized in the paper. EXAFS results have been found compatible with x-ray diffraction and transmission electron microscopy investigations. We estimate that EXAFS could be used to study cluster shapes only for sizes below $2\phantom{\rule{0.3em}{0ex}}\mathrm{nm}$ using present methods and quality of the experimental data. We have also shown that the local distribution of distances and angles probed by EXAFS is broader than in bulk Pt, with first-neighbor bond length variance and asymmetry increasing upon reducing the particle size. Methods and results presented in this paper have been found to be successful for a robust structural refinement of monatomic nanocrystalline systems and represents a solid starting point for analyzing subtle structural and dynamical local changes occurring during in situ experiments involving nanomaterials for specific applications like supported nanocatalysts.
Loss of SUMO1 in mice affects RanGAP1 localization and formation of PML nuclear bodies, but is not lethal as it can be compensated by SUMO2 or SUMO3 (2008)

Conjugation of the small ubiquitin-like modifier (SUMO) to target proteins regulates numerous biological processes and has been implicated in tumorigenesis and metastasis. The three SUMO isoforms in vertebrates, SUMO1 and the highly similar SUMO2 and SUMO3, can be conjugated to unique as well as overlapping subsets of target proteins. Yet, it is still not clear whether roles for each family member are distinct or whether redundancy exists. Here we describe a mutant mouse line that completely lacks SUMO1, but surprisingly is viable and lacks any overt phenotype. Our study points to compensatory utilization of SUMO2 and/or SUMO3 for sumoylation of SUMO1 targets. The ability of SUMO isoforms to substitute for one another has important implications for rational targeting of the SUMO pathway.
The cytotoxic T cell proteinase granzyme B does not activate interleukin-1 beta-converting enzyme. (1994)

Murine granzyme B (cytotoxic cell proteinase-1 (CCP1)) is a member of a family of seven serine proteases found in cytoplasmic granules of cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs). Evidence has suggested that it is involved in target cell DNA fragmentation during CTL-mediated cytotoxicity, although intracellular substrates for granzyme B have not yet been identified. The substrate specificity of granzyme B, requiring an aspartic acid residue at site P1, is unique among eukaryotic serine proteases and is shared with only one other known eukaryotic protease, interleukin-1 beta-converting enzyme (ICE). ICE is responsible for processing pro-interleukin-1 beta to produce biologically active interleukin-1 beta and is itself synthesized as an inactive precursor. Recent evidence has suggested a role for ICE in programmed cell death, which led to a model for CTL-mediated cytotoxicity. In this proposal granzyme B activates ICE in the target cell by proteolytically processing the ICE precursor, resulting in active ICE heterodimer that induces apoptosis in the target cell. We have isolated the cDNA encoding murine ICE and generated in vitro translated ICE precursor. Using lysates from COS cells expressing granzyme B we show that ICE precursor is not a substrate for granzyme B and propose an alternate mechanism for CTL-mediated cytotoxicity.
Telomere Dynamics in Myelodysplastic Syndromes and Acute Leukemic Transformation (2001)

Myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS) are characterized by cytopenias in the blood and dysplastic features in the hematopoietic cells. Although the impact of cytogenetic abnormalities is considerable for prognosis, the exact genetic mechanism of MDS remains undetermined. In this study we assessed cytogenetic changes, microsatellite alterations, and telomere dynamics in order to obtain further insight into the pathogenesis of MDS. Thirty-three percentage of MDS patients and 60% of post-MDS acute leukemia (post-MDS AML) had de novo microsatellite changes. In the MDS phase, however, > 60% of patients showed reduction of telomere lengths without microsatellite changes, indicating that telomere reduction in most MDS patients does not seem to be directly linked to genome instability, or that reduction of telomere length does not induce microsatellite changes in the MDS phase. Some MDS patients had microsatellite changes without telomerase elevation, indicating that genome instability might accumulate during the disease progression in some MDS patients, and this condition (cellular senescence) may be related to ineffective hemopoiesis in MDS patients. In contrast, 40% of post-MDS AML patients had elevated telomerase activity with microsatellite changes, indicating that approximately 40% of patients with post-MDS AML patients had accumulation of genome instability resulting in elevated telomerase activity in an attempt to obtain genetic stability. However, the remaining MDS patients had microsatellite changes without telomerase up-regulation, suggesting that some MDS had genome instability even after leukemic transformation. Most MDS patients with elevated telomerase activity in the AML phase had elevated telomerase activity even in the MDS phase without apparent change in telomere length before and after leukemic transformation. These findings indicate that telomerase activity in the MDS phase may be independent of telomere length, although telomere shortening seems to be related to genomic instability, and this process may be linked to apoptosis of MDS cells.
An evaluation of polatuzumab vedotin for the treatment of patients with diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (2020)

Polatuzumab-BR is an effective and safe option for transplant-ineligible patients with R/R DLBCL either before or after CAR-T (chimeric antigen receptor T-cell therapy). Ongoing combination trials with polatuzumab will expand its applications in the treatment of this disease.
Safety and Efficacy of Glucomannan for Weight Loss in Overweight and Moderately Obese Adults (2013)

Glucomannan supplements administered over 8 weeks were well tolerated but did not promote weight loss or significantly alter body composition, hunger/fullness, or lipid and glucose parameters. This trial is registered with NCT00613600.
An Interactive Thermal Fluid Simulator for the Design of HVAC Systems (2007)

This paper describes the current state in the development of a computational steering environment (CSE) for indoor air-flow simulation. The system is especially desiged to provide an interactive evaluation of thermal comfort. It consists of an integrated, VR-based visualization client, a parallel computational fluid dynamics (CFD) kernel and a 3D grid generator component. The CSE is intended to support engineers with an easy-to-use tool for designing HVAC systems (heating, ventilating and air conditioning), for example, in the early stages of a project. By utilizing high-performance computing, the tool enables the investigation of indoor air-flow scenarios approaching closely to "real-time". The user interface for visualizing simulation results and the "steering" of the simulator have been combined to form a single application front-end. This allows an intuitive access for steering the simulation, changing the set-up of geometry and boundary conditions and subsequently exploring the results. The simulation kernel is based on a hybrid lattice Boltzmann method with extensions for large-eddy simulations of turbulent convective flows. The next steps in the project are to improve the VR client, enhance the treatment of boundary conditions in the computational kernel and extend the simulator in conjunction with partners in order to integrate a local thermal comfort model.
Polarization-independent liquid crystal phase modulator using a thin polymer-separated double-layered structure (2005)

A polarization-independent phase-only liquid crystal (LC) phase modulator using a double-layered structure is demonstrated. Two orthogonal LC layers are separated by two ultra-thin anisotropic polymer films. The anisotropic polymeric films not only separate the LC layers but also provide good molecular alignment. As a result, a polarization-independent phase modulator with 2pi phase shift is achieved at 9Vrms and 8.1pi at 40Vrms using a 12-microm-thick E7 LC layers. This operating voltage is ~10X lower than that using a conventional 0.3-mm-thick glass separator.
Site-specific recombination functions of bacteriophage λ: DNA sequence of regulatory regions and overlapping structural genes for Int and Xis (1980)

Site-specific recombination in bacteriophage lambda is mediated by two phage-encoded proteins, Int and Xis. The structural genes encoding these proteins are located immediately to the right of their site of action, the phage att site. The DNA sequence for both the structural and regulatory regions of these genes has been determined. The location and reading frame of the xis gene were ascertained by sequence comparisons with the b538 deletion (that ends within xis) and with the xis6 amber mutation. From the DNA sequence Xis has a molecular weight of 8630; it is rich in basic amino acids with lysine and arginine comprising 25% of the 72 amino acids. Identification of the int reading frame was also unambiguous. From the DNA sequence, Int has a molecular weight of 40,330; of the 356 amino acids, 69 are basic and 46 are acidic. In the NH(2)-terminal portion of Int, 35% of the first 20 amino acids are basic. The site-specific recombination functions form a very tight cluster (att-int-xis) on the lambda chromosome. The combined protein-encoding sequences of xis and int start 1347 base pairs, and terminate 84 base pairs, from the center of the phage att site. The two genes overlap one another by 20 base pairs (xis is upstream of int) and a possible means of controlling the relative synthesis rates of Int and Xis at the level of translation is proposed. Control at the level of transcription is also considered. The mutation intc226 leads to constitutive production of Int, independent of cII/cIII activator proteins normally required for transcription from the p(I) promoter. It is shown that this mutation is the result of a single base change (in the fMet codon of the xis gene) that generates an improved promoter heptamer sequence. This result, in conjunction with comparisons with other promoter sequences and other sequences responding to cII/cIII action, leads to a tentative identification of the p(I) promoter and site of cII/cIII action.
Modification of α2,6‐sialylation mediates the invasiveness and tumorigenicity of non‐small cell lung cancer cells <i>in vitro</i> and <i>in vivo</i> via Notch1/Hes1/MMPs pathway (2018)

The alterations of sialylation on cell surface N-glycans due to overexpression of different sialyltransferases play a vital role in tumorigenesis and tumor progression. The β-galactoside α2-6-sialyltransferase 1 (ST6Gal-I) has been reported to be highly expressed in several cancers, including breast cancer, hepatocellular cancer and colon carcinoma. However, the roles and underlying mechanisms of ST6Gal-I in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) still need to be elucidated. In this study, we determined that mRNA levels of ST3GAL1, ST6GALNAC3 and ST8SIA6 were remarkably reduced in lung cancer tissues and cells, whereas ST6GAL1 level significantly increased. The mRNA, protein and glycan levels of ST6Gal-I were higher in lung cancer tissues and cells. Moreover, down-regulation of ST6Gal-I decreased protein levels of Jagged1, DLL-1, Notch1, Hes1, Hey1, matrix-metalloproteinases (MMPs) and VEGF, and suppressed proliferation, migration and invasion capabilities of A549 and H1299 cells in vitro. In vivo, ST6Gal-I silencing suppressed tumorigenicity of NSCLC cells in athymic nude mice via the Notch1/Hes1/MMPs pathway. In addition, overexpression of Notch1 rescued the reduced growth and metastasis of A549 and H1299 cells resulted by ST6Gal-I silencing. Modification of α2,6-sialylation positively associates with lung cancer progression, thereby indicating that ST6Gal-I may mediate the invasiveness and tumorigenicity of NSCLC cells via the Notch1/Hes1/MMPs pathway both in vitro and in vivo. Thus, our results provide a novel therapeutic approach for blocking metastasis in lung cancer patients.
Analysis on Cloud-Based Security Vulnerability Assessment (2010)

Cloud computing delivery model can significantly reduce enterprise IT costs and complexities. This technology can handle the rapidly gowning environment and provide more flexible resources sharing and hence it has become as anew information technology infrastructure recently. In contrast to traditional enterprise IT solution, cloud computing moves the application software and databases to the servers in large data centers which raise many security challenges. The business model now allows the users to purchase the capacity they require when they require it. The providers can maximize the utilization by multiplexing customer virtual machines (VMs) across a shared physical infrastructure. In the shared cloud environment, it would be possible to launch an attack cross VMs. How to define the policies for individual virtual firewall becomes more important. In this paper, we investigate the different security vulnerability assessments among the cloud environments. Experiment shows there are more vulnerability happened if vulnerability tools and the servers are in the same LAN. In other word, the hackers can find an easier way to get the target information if sit on the same LAN. This experimental result can be used to analysis the risk in third party compute clouds.
A multimodal conversational interface for a concept vehicle (2003)

This paper describes a prototype of a conversational system that was implemented on the Ford Model U Concept Vehicle and first shown at the 2003 North American International Auto Show in Detroit. The system, including a touch screen and a speech recognizer, is used for controlling several non-critical automobile operations, such as climate, entertainment, navigation, and telephone. The pro- totype implements a natural language spoken dia- log interface integrated with an intuitive graphical user interface, as opposed to the traditional, speech only, command-and-control interfaces deployed in some of the vehicles currently on the market.
When the world changed: Parade's End on page and screen (2013)

Poorly marketed on commercial television and seen by few in Australia on its first broadcast, recent BBC/HBO-funded miniseries Parade's End is perhaps destined to be as unfairly overlooked as the epic literary work it is based on. Determined that this not be the case, Peter Craven convincingly argues that both should be celebrated as masterpieces of their respective mediums.
Co(III)−Alkylperoxo Complexes:  Syntheses, Structure−Reactivity Correlations, and Use in the Oxidation of Hydrocarbons (2000)

Crystalline [LCo(III)-OOR] complexes with strong-field ligands, L, afford ROO(*) and RO(*) radicals upon mild heating in solution. This fact allows oxidation of hydrocarbons by these complexes under mild conditions. The extent of hydrocarbon oxidation by discrete [LCo(III)-OOR] complexes depends on the nature of L, the solvent, the temperature, and the presence of other M(II) ions. Such systems are catalytic in the presence of excess ROOH.
Diols and anions can control the formation of an exciplex between a pyridinium boronic acid with an aryl group connected via a propylene linker (2010)

The exciplex formation between a pyridinium boronic acid and phenyl group connected via a propylene linker can be monitored using fluorescence. Addition of pinacol affords a cyclic boronate ester with enhanced Lewis acidity that increases the strength of its cation-π stacking interaction causing a four-fold fluorescence enhancement.
Inertial Sensor Self-Calibration in a Visually-Aided Navigation Approach for a Micro-AUV (2015)

This paper presents a new solution for underwater observation, image recording, mapping and 3D reconstruction in shallow waters. The platform, designed as a research and testing tool, is based on a small underwater robot equipped with a MEMS-based IMU, two stereo cameras and a pressure sensor. The data given by the sensors are fused, adjusted and corrected in a multiplicative error state Kalman filter (MESKF), which returns a single vector with the pose and twist of the vehicle and the biases of the inertial sensors (the accelerometer and the gyroscope). The inclusion of these biases in the state vector permits their self-calibration and stabilization, improving the estimates of the robot orientation. Experiments in controlled underwater scenarios and in the sea have demonstrated a satisfactory performance and the capacity of the vehicle to operate in real environments and in real time.