gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Experimental characterization of a 400  Gbit/s orbital angular momentum multiplexed free-space optical link over 120 m (2016)

We experimentally demonstrate and characterize the performance of a 400-Gbit/s orbital angular momentum (OAM) multiplexed free-space optical link over 120 m on the roof of a building. Four OAM beams, each carrying a 100-Gbit/s quadrature-phase-shift-keyed channel are multiplexed and transmitted. We investigate the influence of channel impairments on the received power, intermodal crosstalk among channels, and system power penalties. Without laser tracking and compensation systems, the measured received power and crosstalk among OAM channels fluctuate by 4.5 dB and 5 dB, respectively, over 180 s. For a beam displacement of 2 mm that corresponds to a pointing error less than 16.7 μrad, the link bit error rates are below the forward error correction threshold of 3.8×10(-3) for all channels. Both experimental and simulation results show that power penalties increase rapidly when the displacement increases.
Optomechanical design of a hard x-ray nanoprobe instrument with active vibration control in nanometer scale. (2007)

We are developing a new hard x-ray nanoprobe instrument that is one of the centerpieces of the characterization facilities of the Center for Nanoscale Materials being constructed at Argonne National Laboratory. This new probe will cover an energy range of 3-30 keV with 30-nm spatial resolution. The system is designed to accommodate x-ray optics with a resolution limit of 10 nm, therefore, it requires staging of x-ray optics and specimens with a mechanical repeatability of better than 5 nm. Fast feedback for differential vibration control between the zone-plate x-ray optics and the sample holder has been implemented in the design using a digital-signal-processor-based real-time closed-loop feedback technique. A specially designed, custom-built laser Doppler displacement meter system provides two-dimensional differential displacement measurements with subnanometer resolution between the zone-plate x-ray optics and the sample holder. The optomechanical design of the instrument positioning stage system with nanometer-scale active vibration control is presented in this paper.
Human Mast Cell Chymase Cleaves Pro-IL-18 and Generates a Novel and Biologically Active IL-18 Fragment (2006)

Increased release of IL-18 in the skin causes atopic dermatitis (AD)-like skin lesions, suggesting a role of IL-18 in the pathogenesis of AD. Caspase-1 is a well-known activator of IL-18, but caspase-1 knockout mice still have biologically active IL-18. Normal human keratinocyte constitutively produces pro-IL-18, but it is unable to activate it, suggesting the existence of an alternative pathway for IL-18 in the skin. Dermal accumulation of mast cells is commonly observed in AD patients and in experimental mouse models of AD. Connective tissue mast cells contain high amounts of chymase and tryptase in their cytoplasmic granules. In the present study, we demonstrated that activation of IL-18 is a novel function of human mast cell chymase. Human mast cell chymase rapidly cleaves recombinant pro-IL-18 at 56-phenylalanine and produces a biologically active IL-18 fragment that is smaller than any other reported IL-18-derived species. The human mast cell chymase and the novel IL-18-derived active peptide may be novel therapeutic targets in AD- and IL-18-associated diseases.
Magnetic field and magnetic isotope effects on cage reactions in micellar solutions (1980)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTMagnetic field and magnetic isotope effects on cage reactions in micellar solutionsNicholas J. Turro, Ming-Fea Chow, Chao-Jen Chung, Gregory C. Weed, and Bernhard KraeutlerCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1980, 102, 14, 4843–4845Publication Date (Print):July 1, 1980Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 July 1980https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00534a052https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00534a052research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views140Altmetric-Citations37LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Prevalence and Severity of “Benign” Mutations in the β-Myosin Heavy Chain, Cardiac Troponin T, and α-Tropomyosin Genes in Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy (2002)

These findings demonstrate the rarity of specific mutations in HCM and challenge the notion of mutation-specific clinical outcomes. Fewer than 2% of the subjects harbored a benign mutation, and those patients with a benign mutation experienced a very serious clinical course.
Stochastic Reservoir Modeling Constrained to Dynamic Data: Local Calibration and Inference of Structural Parameters (2001)

Summary This paper presents a new geostatistical approach, called the general-inversion method that incorporates dynamic data (pressure transient, well production, water cut) into a reservoir model. It essentially involves two basic tools: the fast-Fourier-transform moving-average (FFT-MA) generator and the gradual-deformation method. The FFT-MA generator produces unconditional Gaussian-related fields that can be perturbed on the basis of the gradual-deformation principles. Thus, the initial structure of the realizations is preserved. Integrating these two primary algorithms within an optimization process yields the general-inversion procedure. The method has at least three significant advantages. First, unlike the traditional inverse approaches, the general-inversion method easily accounts for the constraint relative to prior geostatistical information. Second, the permeability/porosity distribution can be perturbed globally or locally. And third, the method makes it possible to condition the permeability/porosity distribution and the structural (or geostatistical) parameters (mean, variance, correlation length) at the same time. Because of these distinct capabilities, the suggested inversion scheme can qualify as a general one. The suggested approach was applied to synthetic examples designed to address such key issues as characterization of permeability distribution, updating of a reservoir model to integrate newly obtained data, and estimation of correlation length from well data.
Clostridial strain degeneration (1995)

Strain degeneration, the loss of the capacity to produce solvents and form spores, typically occurs when Clostridium acetobutylicum and related clostridia are repeatedly subcultured in batch culture or grown in continuous culture, as opposed to being grown from germinated, heat-treated spores. Several mechanisms for degeneration have been identified thus far. (i) Degeneration can be caused by excessive acidification of the culture during exponential growth. We present data interpreted to mean that C. beijerinckii (formerly C. acetobutylicum) NCIMB 8052 cells ferment glucose to acetic and butyric acids at an uncontrolled rate, so that, during rapid growth, the rate of acid production can exceed the rate of induction of the solventogenic pathway enzymes. As a result, the medium pH drops to bactericical levels, and the cells cannot switch to solventogenesis and sporulation. The clostridia seem to be poised either to produce excess acids, or to initiate solventogenesis, depending on small differences in the rates of growth. (ii) We have isolated transposon-insertion mutants of C. beijerinckii NCIMB 8052 that are resistant to degeneration, suggesting the involvement of a regulatory region of the clostridial chromosome. (iii) Involvement of a global regulatory gene has been inferred in C. beijerinckii NCIMB 8052 which degenerates irreversibly in chemostat culture. (iv) Impairment of butanol formation due to a defect in NADH generation has been reported in an oligosporogenous strain which can revert to the non-degenerate phenotype. (v) In continuous culture, degenerate cells may be selected because they continue to divide, while the non-degenerate cells stop dividing and start differentiating.
Laser direct patterning of a reduced-graphene oxide transparent circuit on a graphene oxide thin film (2013)

In this study, reduced-graphene oxide (GO) circuits were directly patterned on glass using an industrially available excimer laser system. A threshold of laser energy density was observed, which provided a clear differentiation on whether the GO was reduced. A sharp drop of resistance by a factor of 104 was measured as the laser energy density increased from 65 to 75 mJ/cm2. The highest conductivity measured was ∼1.33 × 104 S/m, which is among the best reported in the literature for any laser reduction method. Raman analysis of the excimer laser-reduced GO film revealed the formation of a prominent 2D peak at 2700 cm−1. The relative signal strength between the Raman D and G peaks suggests that the amount of structural disorder in the reduced GO is insignificant. The reduced GO displays a transmittance greater than 80% across the entire range from 450 to 800 nm. The outstanding electrical, optical, and morphological properties have enabled graphene to display promising applications, and this nano-processing method makes graphene even more attractive when used as a transparent electrode for touch screens and in many more applications.
Maternal Immunization Programs Postnatal Immune Responses and Reduces Atherosclerosis in Offspring (2006)

Maternal hypercholesterolemia during pregnancy increases offspring susceptibility to atherosclerosis by an oxidation-dependent mechanism. The present studies investigated whether maternal immunization with oxidized LDL (OxLDL) before pregnancy protects the fetus from atherogenic in utero programming by maternal hypercholesterolemia. Maternal immunization of NZW rabbits and LDL receptor-deficient mice indeed reduced atherosclerosis in adult offspring by up to 56%, but the protective effect could not be attributed to a reduction of fetal exposure to hypercholesterolemia alone, and even nonspecific immune stimulation with adjuvant only provided some protection. Unexpectedly, offspring of immunized mothers developed increased IgM antibodies to selective OxLDL epitopes and increased IgM-LDL immune complexes, compared with offspring of nonimmunized controls. Even naïve offspring of OxLDL-immunized mothers never exposed to postnatal hypercholesterolemia responded to a one-time OxLDL and KLH challenge with greater OxLDL-specific IgM responses, increased OxLDL-specific IgM-secreting B cells, and more IgM-LDL immune complexes. In contrast, maternal immunization with KLH, a T cell-dependent nonmammalian antigen, did not influence postnatal immune responses. Effects of maternal OxLDL-immunization on offspring B cells and selective antibodies were independent of transplacental passage of maternal immunoglobulins. Results show that maternal immunization with antigens prevalent in atherosclerotic lesions reduces atherogenesis in their offspring by mechanisms that include, but are not limited to, reduced fetal exposure to maternal hypercholesterolemia and lipid peroxidation. More importantly, they demonstrate in principle that maternal adaptive immunity to selective antigens influences postnatal B cell and antibody responses in offspring, and that modulation of in utero immune programming may influence immune-modulated diseases later in life.
Avalanche photodiodes on silicon photonics (2022)

Abstract Silicon photonics technology has drawn significant interest due to its potential for compact and high-performance photonic integrated circuits. The Ge- or III–V material-based avalanche photodiodes integrated on silicon photonics provide ideal high sensitivity optical receivers for telecommunication wavelengths. Herein, the last advances of monolithic and heterogeneous avalanche photodiodes on silicon are reviewed, including different device structures and semiconductor systems.
Abstract 3504: Generation and optimization of a chimeric antigen receptor against human CD22: A new immunotherapeutic agent for adoptive immunotherapy (2012)

Abstract CD22 is expressed on a number of hematologic malignancies. A recombinant immunotoxin composed of an anti-CD22 Fv fused to a 38 kDa fragment of Pseudomonas exotoxin A (Moxetumomab pasudodtox, HA22) is currently being evaluated in the treatment of B cell malignancies. We used the Fv sequence to construct a series of chimeric antigen receptors (CARs) to determine the optimal affinity, domain structure, and signaling required for optimal anti-leukemic activity. The original anti-CD22 binding domain, BL22, or a newer generation high-affinity domain, HA22, were fused to transmembrane and signaling sequences derived from the TCR zeta-chain, CD28, and CD137. In some constructs we extended the binding domain away from the membrane using constant domains from IgG (CH2CH3). Retroviral gene vectors were used to transduce activated primary T cells with CAR constructs. We found: HA22 Fv, 2 as opposed to 3 signaling motifs, and non-CH2CH3 containing CARs were superior in short-term in vitro tumor cell cytolysis assays, indicating that Fv affinity, signaling, and 3-D structure of the CAR all impact the anti-leukemic effectiveness of CARs. Finally, direct comparison to CD19-specific CAR showed an equivalent or superior killing activity in 2 out of 3 ALL lines tested. Using Scatchard analysis to define the number of CD22 molecules on the surface, the ALL line with the lowest number of CD22 molecules was also the least able to be killed by CAR-transduced T cells. The superior lytic activity of CD19-CAR for this single cell line was due to preservation of high levels of CD19 at the cell surface. We are currently testing the in vivo activity of anti-CD22 CAR in an immunodeficient mouse model bearing human cell lines and primary patient-derived ALL. Our results indicate that CD22-CAR should be developed for the immunotherapy of CD22+ malignancies. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 103rd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2012 Mar 31-Apr 4; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2012;72(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 3504. doi:1538-7445.AM2012-3504
Multiple fuzzy object modeling improves sensitivity in automatic anatomy recognition (2014)

Computerized automatic anatomy recognition (AAR) is an essential step for implementing body-wide quantitative radiology (QR). Our strategy to automatically identify and delineate various organs in a given body region is based on fuzzy models and an organ hierarchy. In previous years, the basic algorithms of our AAR approach - model building, recognition, and delineation - and their evaluation were presented. In the present paper, we propose to replace the single fuzzy model built for each organ by a set of fuzzy models built for the same organ. Based on a dataset composed of CT images of the Thorax region of 50 subjects, our experiments indicate that recognition performance improves when using multiple models instead of a single model for each organ. It is interesting to point out that the improvement is not uniform for all organs, leading us to conclude that some organs will benefit from the multiple model approach more than others.
Pathogenesis of Marek's disease; effect of immunization with inactivated viral and tumor-associated antigens (1979)

Inactivated Marek's disease virus-infected chicken kidney cells and inactivated MSB-1 lymphoblastoid Marek's disease tumor cells were used to immunize chickens as virus- and tumor-associated antigens, respectively. Immune and nonimmune birds were then challenged by exposure to live virulent Marek's disease virus. Both vaccines protected significant numbers of chickens (P less than 0.05) against subsequent tumor development, although viral antigen appeared superior to tumor antigen. After challenge, the early appearance of viral antigen, infected lymphocytes, and degenerative changes in lymphoid organs was inhibited only by the viral antigen vaccine, whereas the early appearance of cells bearing tumor antigen was prevented by both vaccines. These results support the hypothesis that effective immunity in Marek's disease could be directed against either virus replication and spread or events associated with transformation and proliferation of lymphoid cells.
Pharmaceutical Properties of Paclitaxel and Their Effects on Preparation and Administration (1997)

Paclitaxel is a mainstay in the treatment of ovarian and breast cancers, and its use in other malignancies is being explored. Although it has great clinical utility, the drug and its formulation components pose a number of challenges to pharmacists and nurses. Paclitaxel is insoluble in water and is formulated in an equal parts mixture of ethanol and Cremophor EL, which disperses the drug in an aqueous medium. At concentrations of 0.3-1.2 mg/ml, paclitaxel is stable for at least 2 days. Additional research identified precipitation as the major limitation to long-term stability and supports the use of an inline filter for all infusions. The formulation vehicle also leaches the plasticizer DEHP from polyvinyl (PVC)-containing solution bags and administration sets. This effect is dependent on the concentration of surfactant, the amount of accessible DEHP, and many other factors. Health care practitioners must educate themselves regarding appropriate non-PVC containers and administration sets for safe and convenient delivery of paclitaxel. The compatibility of this and other drugs in solution is under investigation; currently, amphotericin B, chlorpromazine, hydroxyzine, methylprednisolone sodium succinate, and mitoxantrone have been determined to be physically incompatible with paclitaxel infusions.
Endosome Targeting <i>meso</i>-Tetraphenylchlorin–Chitosan Nanoconjugates for Photochemical Internalization (2017)

Four amphiphilic covalently linked meso-tetraphenylchlorin-chitosan nanoconjugates were synthesized and evaluated for use in photochemical internalization (PCI) in vitro and in vivo. The synthetic protocol for the preparation of two different hydrophobic chlorin photosensitizers, 5-(4-aminophenyl)-10,15,20-triphenylchlorin and 5-(4-carboxyphenyl)-10,15,20-triphenylchlorin, was optimized. These monofunctional photosensitizers were covalently attached to carrier chitosan via silyl-protected 3,6-di-O-tert-butyldimethylsilyl-chitosan (Di-TBDMS-chitosan) with 0.10 degree of substitution per glucosamine (DS). Hydrophilic moieties such as trimethylamine and/or 1-methylpiperazine were incorporated with 0.9 DS to give fully water-soluble conjugates after removal of the TBDMS groups. A dynamic light scattering (DLS) study confirmed the formation of nanoparticles with a 140-200 nm diameter. These nanoconjugates could be activated at 650 nm (red region) light, with a fluorescence quantum yield (Φ<sub>F</sub>) of 0.43-0.45, and are thus suitable candidates for use in PCI. These nanoconjugates were taken up and localized in the endocytic vesicles of HCT116/LUC human colon carcinoma cells, and upon illumination they substantially enhanced plasmid DNA transfection. The nanoconjugates were also evaluated in preliminary in vivo experiments in tumor-bearing mice, showing that the nanoconjugates could induce a strong photodynamic therapy (PDT) and also PCI effects in treatment with bleomycin.
Composite Silicide Gate Electrodes - Interconnections for VLSI Device Technologies (1980)

A potentially severe limit on density, performance, and virability of polysilicon-gate technologies for VLSI applications, is the high resistivity of polycrystalline silicon. Composite structures of highly conductive molybdenum or tungsten disilicide on top of polysilicon (polycide) are shown to be a viable alternative gate electrode and interconnect level. Sheet resistance values of 1-3 Omega//spl square/ for an integrated structure are easily attainable. IGFET devices fabricated to channel lengths of >=1.4 /spl mu/m show the polycide devices to be indistinguishable from normal polysilicon gate devices.
Distribution Grid Fault Diagnostic Employing Hilbert-Huang Transform and Neural Networks (2022)

Faults in distribution grids cause power interruption and economic losses. A crucial part of distribution grids protection systems is effectively diagnosing the fault to accelerate the power restoration process. This paper presents a fault diagnostic method for a distribution grid that consists of the Hilbert-Huang transform (HHT) and feedforward neural networks (FFNN). First, instantaneous amplitude (IA) and frequency (IF) are obtained from the HHT. Subsequently, statistical features are extracted from IA and IF plots and fetched to the FFNN for detection, classification, and location identification of different types of faults. The proposed approach is tested on a distribution grid modeled in MATLAB/SIMULINK platform. Obtained results demonstrate the effectiveness of the developed method for both noise-free and noisy data with the variation of pre-fault loading conditions, fault resistance, location, and inception angle.
Glass ceramics with ferroelectric crystalline phases (2008)

Obtaining a glass ceramic via devitrification of a fully amorphous glass phase leads to a pore-free material, in which crystallites with their ferroelectric phase are embedded in a residual glass matrix. This matrix in turn forms a close-to-ideal dielectric. Such a structure offers, in principle, several advantages over conventional sintered ceramics, particularly with respect to ageing and fatigue. We show examples of ferroelectric glass ceramics in which the composition of the ferroelectric phase as well as the size of the crystallites are varied in a systematic way. The dielectric and structural properties are discussed in detail.
Fiber-optic joint time and frequency transmission with enhanced time precision (2022)

We propose a high-precision joint time and frequency transmission scheme based on bidirectional wavelength division multiplexing transmission over an optical fiber link. The time signal is generated based on the phase-stable frequency signal with employment of a dedicated designed low-jitter event generator. Time synchronization is realized by eliminating the time difference between the time signals of the master and slave stations, which is determined by accurate two-way time comparison. In this way, thanks to the high stability of the frequency transmission, low jitter of the dedicated designed event generator, and the high accuracy of the two-way time comparison, a high precision time signal with enhanced time stability and accuracy can be obtained at the slave station, which is synchronized to the master station. Experimentally, a joint time and frequency transmission system is demonstrated over a 62-km urban fiber link. The results show a time stability in terms of time deviation (TDEV) of 3.5 ps/s and 430 fs/10,000 s, and an accuracy of better than 20 ps can be realized.