gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Temporal Control of Pulses from a High-Repetition-Rate Tunable Ti:Sapphire Laser by Active Q-switching (2003)

We investigated the lasing characteristics of a Ti:sapphire laser pumped by a pulsed high-repetition-rate Nd:YAG laser. The pump laser has a pulsewidth of 450 ns, while the Ti:sapphire laser shows a significantly shorter pulse width of 25 ns for suitably intense pumping. The energy conversion efficiency of the laser is more than 10%. To synchronize different lasers and to avoid multiple spiking during one pump pulse, we use a Brewster-cut Pockels cell in the resonator for Q-switching. The temporal profile and conversion efficiency are determined and compared to theoretical estimates.
Precision open-ended coaxial probes for in vivo and ex vivo dielectric spectroscopy of biological tissues at microwave frequencies (2005)

Hermetic stainless-steel open-ended coaxial probes have been designed for precision dielectric spectroscopy of biological tissue, such as breast tissue, over the 0.5-20-GHz frequency range. Robust data-processing techniques have also been developed for extracting the unknown permittivity of the tissue under test from the reflection coefficient measured with the precision probe and a vector network analyzer. The first technique, referred to as a reflection-coefficient deembedding method, converts the reflection coefficient measured at the probe's calibration plane to the desired aperture-plane reflection coefficient. The second technique uses a rational function model to solve the inverse problem, i.e., to convert the aperture-plane reflection coefficient to the tissue permittivity. The results of the characterization and validation studies demonstrate that these precision probes, used with the prescribed measurement protocols and data-processing techniques, provide highly accurate and reliable in vivo and ex vivo biological tissue measurements, including breast tissue spectroscopy.
Pulse broadening in long-span dispersion-free single-mode fibres at 1.5 μm (1980)

Dispersion-free single-mode fibres at 1.5 μm were fabricated by controlling their waveguide dispersion and dopant-dependent material dispersion. Pulse broadening in the 20 km long fibre was measured by using a laser diode operated at 1.5 μm. Measured pulse broadening was 1.3 ps/km nm, which is in good agreement with theoretical results. The present experiment confirms that it is beneficial to use such fibres for large-capacity and long-distance transmission media.
Four Poems by Yang Chia-hsien (2018)

Translated from Chinese by Tina Z. Shan: Waltzing Violence The Drill Breakfast on Pluto The Keepsake
Chemical Composition and Antimicrobial Activity of Leaf, Ripe and Unripe Peel of Bitter Orange (Citrus aurantium) Essential Oils (2016)

The chemical composition and antimicrobial activity of bitter orange (Citrus aurantium) leaf, ripe and unripe peel essential oils, cultivated in southwest of Iran, were investigated.
CHAPTER II (2009)

The Cunard steamers are powerful, punctual, and safe, their cuisine excellent, their arrangements admirable, till they reach Halifax, which is usually the destination of many of the passengers. I will suppose that the voyage has been propitious, and our guns have thundered forth the announcement that the news of the Old World has reached the New; that the stewards have been fee'd and the captain complimented; and that we have parted on the best possible terms with the Company, the ship, and our fellow-passengers. The steamer generally remains for two or three hours at Halifax to coal, and unship a portion of her cargo, and there is a very natural desire on the part of the passengers to leave what to many is at best a floating prison, and set foot on firm ground, even for an hour. Those who, like ourselves, land at Halifax for the interior, are anxious to obtain rooms at the hotel, and all who have nothing else to do hurry to the ice-shop, where the luxury of a tumbler of raspberry-cream ice can be obtained for threepence. Besides the hurried rush of those who with these varied objects in view leave the steamer, there are crowds of incomers in the shape of porters, visitors, and coalheavers, and passengers for the States, who prefer the comfort and known punctuality of the Royal Mail steamers to the delay, danger, and uncertainty of the intercolonial route, though the expense of the former is nearly double.
Real-Time Image Composition with Correction of Drift Distortion (2009)

In this article, a new scanning electron microscopy (SEM) image composition technique is described, which can significantly reduce drift related image corruptions. Drift-distortion commonly causes blur and distortions in the SEM images. Such corruption ordinarily appears when conventional image-acquisition methods, i.e. slow scan and fast scan, are applied. The damage is often very significant; it may render images unusable for metrology applications, especially, where sub-nanometer accuracy is required. The described correction technique works with a large number of quickly taken frames, which are properly aligned and then composed into a single image. Such image contains much less noise than the individual frames, whilst the blur and deformation is minimized. This technique also provides useful information about changes of the sample position in time, which may be applied to investigate the drift properties of the instrument without a need of additional equipment.
The 10G-EPON OLT and ONU LSIs for the coexistence of 10G-EPON and GE-PON toward the next FTTH era (2011)

10G-EPON OLT and ONU LSIs with parallel 10- and 1-Gb/s datapaths with a partly-shared-block architecture for full-wire rate throughput and the coexistence of 10G-EPON and GE-PON were developed for the first time in 40-nm CMOS. The full-wire rate throughput without a frame loss and a table look-up in a minimum frame interval are achieved for 10- and 1-Gb/s frames simultaneously.
An algorithmic framework for performing collaborative filtering (1999)

Article Free Access Share on An algorithmic framework for performing collaborative filtering Authors: Jonathan L. Herlocker Dept. of Computer Science and Engineering, University of Minnesota Dept. of Computer Science and Engineering, University of MinnesotaView Profile , Joseph A. Konstan Dept. of Computer Science and Engineering, University of Minnesota Dept. of Computer Science and Engineering, University of MinnesotaView Profile , Al Borchers Dept. of Computer Science and Engineering, University of Minnesota Dept. of Computer Science and Engineering, University of MinnesotaView Profile , John Riedl Dept. of Computer Science and Engineering, University of Minnesota Dept. of Computer Science and Engineering, University of MinnesotaView Profile Authors Info & Claims SIGIR '99: Proceedings of the 22nd annual international ACM SIGIR conference on Research and development in information retrievalAugust 1999Pages 230–237https://doi.org/10.1145/312624.312682Published:01 August 1999Publication History 1,811citation10,258DownloadsMetricsTotal Citations1,811Total Downloads10,258Last 12 Months632Last 6 weeks53 Get Citation AlertsNew Citation Alert added!This alert has been successfully added and will be sent to:You will be notified whenever a record that you have chosen has been cited.To manage your alert preferences, click on the button below.Manage my AlertsNew Citation Alert!Please log in to your account Save to BinderSave to BinderCreate a New BinderNameCancelCreateExport CitationPublisher SiteeReaderPDF
<title>Membrane mirror light modulator technology</title> (2000)

We have incorporated membrane mirror technology over a discrete array of pixel wells to create both high-efficiency optical shutters and spatial light modulators (SLM). A continuous metalized-membrane mirror with greater than 98% reflectivity minimizes optical insertion loss. This mirror is electrostatically deformed into the wells with either a common electrode (shutter) or pixilated electrodes (SLM). By using a spatial filter, analog intensity optical modulation is realized. Both 1-D (linear) and 2-D grating pixel patterns have been investigated. With the appropriate pixel dimensions, both coherent monochromatic and broadband incoherent light within the 0.25 to 10.6 micron range can be modulated with contrast ratios up to 1000:1. Small well sizes (approximately 10-micron diameter) allow for modulation speeds up to 1 MHz. The theoretical foundations for the well layout, the membrane mirror deformation and its diffraction properties, and the design trade-offs are detailed. We have applied our membrane mirror technology to CMOS VLSI circuits creating a high-speed, high-efficiency spatial light modulator capable of 80 X 64 resolution and scalable to HDTV standards. The membrane mirror SLM provides either amplitude or phase modulation. In the phase modulation mode, at least two waves of stroke per discrete well are possible.
Beyond the “Like” Button: The Impact of Mere Virtual Presence on Brand Evaluations and Purchase Intentions in Social Media Settings (2012)

By 2011, approximately 83% of Fortune 500 companies were using some form of social media to connect with consumers. Furthermore, surveys suggest that consumers are increasingly relying on social media to learn about unfamiliar brands. However, best practices regarding the use of social media to bolster brand evaluations in such situations remain undefined. This research focuses on one practice in this domain: the decision to hide or reveal the demographic characteristics of a brand's online supporters. The results from four studies indicate that even when the presence of these supporters is only passively experienced and virtual (a situation the authors term “mere virtual presence”), their demographic characteristics can influence a target consumer's brand evaluations and purchase intentions. The findings suggest a framework for brand managers to use when deciding whether to reveal the identities of their online supporters or to retain ambiguity according to (1) the composition of existing supporters relative to targeted new supporters and (2) whether the brand is likely to be evaluated singly or in combination with competing brands.
Development of glass ceramics for the incorporation of fission products (1976)

Spontaneous devitrification of fission-product-containing borosilicate glasses can be avoided by controlled crystallization after melting. Glass ceramics have been developed from a vitrified simulated waste and further improvement of product properties was achieved. In particular perovskite, h-celsian, diopside and eucryptite glass ceramics were prepared. These contained leach resistant host phases which exhibited considerable enrichment of long-lived fission products. All products showed increased impact resistance, but the thermal expansion was only slightly improved.
Antibody responses to Four Corners hantavirus infections in the deer mouse (Peromyscus maniculatus): identification of an immunodominant region of the viral nucleocapsid protein (1995)

Antibody responses to Four Corners hantavirus (FCV) infections in the deer mouse (Peromyscus maniculatus) were characterized by using FCV nucleocapsid protein (N), glycoprotein 1 (G1), and glycoprotein 2 (G2) recombinant polypeptides in Western immunoblot assays. Strong immunoglobulin G reactivities to FCV N were observed among FCV-infected wild P. maniculatus mice (n = 34) and in laboratory-infected P. maniculatus mice (n = 11). No immunoglobulin G antibody reactivities to FCV G1 or G2 linear determinants were detected. The strongest N responses were mapped to an amino-proximal segment between amino acids 17 and 59 (QLVTARQKLKDAERAVELDPDDVNKSTLQSRRAAVSALETKLG). FCV N antibodies cross-reacted with recombinant N proteins encoded by Puumala, Seoul, and Hantaan viruses.
A Survey on Security Threats and Defensive Techniques of Machine Learning: A Data Driven View (2018)

Machine learning is one of the most prevailing techniques in computer science, and it has been widely applied in image processing, natural language processing, pattern recognition, cybersecurity, and other fields. Regardless of successful applications of machine learning algorithms in many scenarios, e.g., facial recognition, malware detection, automatic driving, and intrusion detection, these algorithms and corresponding training data are vulnerable to a variety of security threats, inducing a significant performance decrease. Hence, it is vital to call for further attention regarding security threats and corresponding defensive techniques of machine learning, which motivates a comprehensive survey in this paper. Until now, researchers from academia and industry have found out many security threats against a variety of learning algorithms, including naive Bayes, logistic regression, decision tree, support vector machine (SVM), principle component analysis, clustering, and prevailing deep neural networks. Thus, we revisit existing security threats and give a systematic survey on them from two aspects, the training phase and the testing/inferring phase. After that, we categorize current defensive techniques of machine learning into four groups: security assessment mechanisms, countermeasures in the training phase, those in the testing or inferring phase, data security, and privacy. Finally, we provide five notable trends in the research on security threats and defensive techniques of machine learning, which are worth doing in-depth studies in future.
Small ultra-wide band antenna: slot plus monopole antenna (2005)

Won the 1st Runner-up of the Best Paper Award (AP Session) in the 6th IEEE (HK) AP/MTT Postgraduate Conference organized by IEEE (HK-Section) AP/MTT Committee in 2005.
One-Dof cylindrical deployable structures with rigid quadrilateral panels (2009)

In this paper, we present a novel cylindrical deployable structure and variations of its design with the following characteristics: 1. Flat-foldable: The shape flattens into a compact 2D configuration. 2. Rigid-foldable: Each element does not deform throughout the transformation. 3. One-DOF: The mechanism has exactly one degree of freedom. 4. Thick: Facets can be substituted with thick or multilayered panels without introducing the distortion of elements.
The <i>Arabidopsis</i> NRT1.1 transporter participates in the signaling pathway triggering root colonization of nitrate-rich patches (2006)

Localized proliferation of lateral roots in NO(3)(-)-rich patches is a striking example of the nutrient-induced plasticity of root development. In Arabidopsis, NO(3)(-) stimulation of lateral root elongation is apparently under the control of a NO(3)(-)-signaling pathway involving the ANR1 transcription factor. ANR1 is thought to transduce the NO(3)(-) signal internally, but the upstream NO(3)(-) sensing system is unknown. Here, we show that mutants of the NRT1.1 nitrate transporter display a strongly decreased root colonization of NO(3)(-)-rich patches, resulting from reduced lateral root elongation. This phenotype is not due to lower specific NO(3)(-) uptake activity in the mutants and is not suppressed when the NO(3)(-)-rich patch is supplemented with an alternative N source but is associated with dramatically decreased ANR1 expression. These results show that NRT1.1 promotes localized root proliferation independently of any nutritional effect and indicate a role in the ANR1-dependent NO(3)(-) signaling pathway, either as a NO(3)(-) sensor or as a facilitator of NO(3)(-) influx into NO(3)(-)-sensing cells. Consistent with this model, the NRT1.1 and ANR1 promoters both directed reporter gene expression in root primordia and root tips. The inability of NRT1.1-deficient mutants to promote increased lateral root proliferation in the NO(3)(-)-rich zone impairs the efficient acquisition of NO(3)(-) and leads to slower plant growth. We conclude that NRT1.1, which is localized at the forefront of soil exploration by the roots, is a key component of the NO(3)(-)-sensing system that enables the plant to detect and exploit NO(3)(-)-rich soil patches.
A systematic review of the current state of collaborative mixed reality technologies: 2013–2018 (2019)

Over the last few decades, Mixed Reality (MR) interfaces have received great attention from academia and industry. Although a considerable amount of research has already been done to support collaboration between users in MR, there is still no systematic review to determine the current state of collaborative MR applications. In this paper, collaborative MR studies published from 2013 to 2018 were reviewed. A total of 259 papers have been categorised based on their application areas, types of display devices used, collaboration setups, and user interaction and experience aspects. The primary contribution of this paper is to present a high-level overview of collaborative MR influence across several research disciplines. The achievements from each application area are summarised. In addition, remarkable papers in their respective areas are highlighted. Among other things, our study finds that there are three complementary factors to support and enhance collaboration in MR environments: (i) annotation techniques, which provide non-verbal communication cues to users, (ii) cooperative object manipulation techniques, which divide complex 3D object manipulation process into simpler tasks between different users, and (iii) user perception and cognition studies, which aim to lessen cognitive workload for task understanding and completion, and to increase users’ perceptual awareness and presence. Finally, this paper identifies research gaps and future directions that can be useful for researchers who want to explore ways on how to foster collaboration between users and to develop collaborative applications in MR.
Expertisenet: Relational and evolutionary expert modeling (2013)

Abstract. We develop a novel user-centric modeling technology, which can dynamically describe and update a person&apos;s expertise profile. In an enterprise environment, the technology can enhance employees &apos; collaboration and productivity by assisting in finding experts, training employees, etc. Instead of using the traditional search methods, such as the keyword match, we propose to use relational and evolutionary graph models, which we call ExpertiseNet, to describe and find experts. These ExpertiseNets are used for mining, retrieval, and visualization. We conduct experiments by building ExpertiseNets for researchers from a research paper collection. The experiments demonstrate that expertise mining and matching are more efficiently achieved based on the proposed relational and evolutionary graph models. 1.
Surface-Plasmon Resonance-Enhanced Multiphoton Emission of High-Brightness Electron Beams from a Nanostructured Copper Cathode (2013)

We experimentally investigate surface-plasmon assisted photoemission to enhance the efficiency of metallic photocathodes for high-brightness electron sources. A nanohole array-based copper surface was designed to exhibit a plasmonic response at 800 nm, fabricated using the focused ion beam milling technique, optically characterized and tested as a photocathode in a high power radio frequency photoinjector. Because of the larger absorption and localization of the optical field intensity, the charge yield observed under ultrashort laser pulse illumination is increased by more than 100 times compared to a flat surface. We also present the first beam characterization results (intrinsic emittance and bunch length) from a nanostructured photocathode.
Low-stress molybdenum/silicon multilayer coatings for extreme ultraviolet lithography (2002)

We greatly reduced the stress of Mo/Si multilayers deposited by ion beam sputtering from about -450 MPa to about +14 MPa by combining the methods of sub-multilayering and ion-beam polishing of Mo-layers. These methods require no heating processes, thereby eliminating the fear that heat will worse the figure and the optical properties of precise mirror substrates. The low-stress multilayers had much thinner interdiffusion layers and more abrupt interfaces than did conventional Mo/Si multilayers, and had similar reflectivities to those of the conventional Mo/Si multilayers. It is expected that the application of this low-stress multilayer to EUV mirrors will make it possible to compose EUV optics without worsening the optical properties caused by stress deformation of substrates.
Machine Learning for LLR Estimation in Flash Memory With LDPC Codes (2020)

As the density of flash memory is increasing to improve storage capacity, it also becomes more vulnerable to reading errors. Hence it is common practice to employ error-correcting codes, such as low-density parity check (LDPC) codes. To exploit the error-correcting capability of these codes, soft input must be provided to the decoder. This means that the flash memory controller needs to be able to provide reliability values, which is usually obtained through multiple `soft' reads of the cells in the form of log-likelihood ratios (LLR). However finding these reliabilities with high accuracy is not easy with very few reads. In this brief we present a novel approach to estimate the LLRs based on a previous idea by Sharon et al. for regular LDPC codes. We present a low-complexity solution using machine learning and also an extension to irregular LDPC codes. A neural network is trained with offline data (simulated or measured) for a wide range of operating conditions and can then be applied to flash memory readings. By simulations we show that this provides good performance with only a small loss compared with genie-aided LLRs.
A Utility-Based Welfare Criterion in a Model with Endogenous Capital Accumulation (2003)

This paper extends the utility-based welfare criterion developed by Rotemberg and Woodford (1997) and Woodford (2003) to a model with endogenous capital accumulation. The welfare criterion obtained for this model shares several features with the corresponding expressions that have been derived in simpler models without capital accumulation. In particular, a criterion can be specified such that welfare losses depend solely on quadratic functions of the model&amp;amp;#x27;s variables, thus confirming that policy should be oriented toward stabilization of macroeconomic aggregates, rather than toward attaining particular levels of those aggregates. That said, an important difference that obtains in this case is that the composition of output directly affects welfare in the endogenous-capital model--a result that is not present in standard treatments.
An Experiential Approach to Societal Continuity and Change (2003)

This chapter develops the main theoretical argument of the book, an inductively derived and historically based "experiential" approach to societal continuity and change. This dynamic approach treats individuals as agents who make choices based on their prior experiences and their ongoing reinterpretations of those experiences. It focuses on the creation and reinforcement of social patterns in the communist and post-communist periods. Since the purpose of this chapter is not to conduct a literature review, I do not supply extensive citations or references. Moreover, although I explain the basic causal logic of the experiential approach in this chapter, I develop it inductively throughout the rest of the book, within the specific context of this project and its findings.
Removable sets for Lipschitz harmonic functions in the plane (2000)

The main motivation for this work comes from the century-old Painlevé problem: try to characterize geometrically removable sets for bounded analytic functions in C.