gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
In situ vector calibration of magnetic observatories (2017)

Abstract. The goal of magnetic observatories is to measure and provide a vector magnetic field in a geodetic coordinate system. For that purpose, instrument set-up and calibration are crucial. In particular, the scale factor and orientation of a vector magnetometer may affect the magnetic field measurement. Here, we highlight the baseline concept and demonstrate that it is essential for data quality control. We show how the baselines can highlight a possible calibration error. We also provide a calibration method based on high-frequency absolute measurements. This method determines a transformation matrix for correcting variometer data suffering from scale factor and orientation errors. We finally present a practical case where recovered data have been successfully compared to those coming from a reference magnetometer.
Amorphous Silica: A New Antioxidant Role for Rapid Critical‐Sized Bone Defect Healing (2016)

Traumatic fractures cause structurally unstable sites due to severe bone loss. Such fractures generate a high yield of reactive oxygen species (ROS) that can lead to oxidative stress. Excessive and prolonged ROS activity impedes osteoblast differentiation and instigates long healing times. Stimulation of antioxidants such as superoxide dismutase (SOD1), are crucial to reduce ROS, stimulate osteogenesis, and strengthen collagen and mineral formation. Yet, no current fixative devices have shown an ability to enhance collagen matrix formation through antioxidant expression. This study reports plasma-enhanced chemical vapor deposition based amorphous silicon oxynitride (Si(ON)x) as a potential new fracture healing biomaterial that adheres well to the implant surface, releases Si(+4) to enhance osteogenesis, and forms a surface hydroxyapatite for collagen mineral attachment. These materials provide a sustained release of Si(+4) in physiological environment for extended times. The dissolution rate partially depends on the film chemistry and can be controlled by varying O/N ratio. The presence of Si(+4) enhances SOD1, which stimulates other osteogenic markers downstream and leads to rapid mineral formation. In vivo testing using a rat critical-sized calvarial defect model shows a more rapid bone-regeneration for these biomaterials as compared to control groups, that implies the clinical significance of the presented biomaterial.
Organometallic Osmium Arene Complexes with Potent Cancer Cell Cytotoxicity (2010)

Iodido osmium(II) complexes [Os(η(6)-arene)(XY)I](+) (XY = p-hydroxy or p-dimethylaminophenylazopyridine, arene = p-cymene or biphenyl) are potently cytotoxic at nanomolar concentrations toward a panel of human cancer cell lines; e.g., IC(50) = 140 nM for [Os(η(6)-bip)(azpy-NMe(2))I](+) toward A2780 ovarian cancer cells. They exhibit low toxicity and negligible deleterious effects in a colon cancer xenograft model, giving rise to the possibility of a broad therapeutic window. The most active complexes are stable and inert toward aquation. Their cytotoxic activity appears to involve redox mechanisms.
Application of equivalence classes to the efficient construction of cluster states (2006)

We demonstrate a method of constructing <i>L</i>-shape cluster states by exploiting equivalence class properties of graph states. The <i>L</i>-shape cluster state is a primitive which can be used to construct cluster states capable of supporting universal quantum computation. The method is device independent but is shown to be considerably more efficient than previously proposed approaches for photonic cluster construction. Two-dimensional photonic cluster states can be efficiently built via local unitaries and type-I fusion only. To allow for a complete calculation of the cost of two-dimensional photonic cluster-state construction, we also provide a recursion relation relating the length of a photonic cluster chain to the average resources required.
Vanadium Complexes with Mixed <i>O</i>,<i>S</i> Anionic Ligands Derived from Maltol:  Synthesis, Characterization, and Biological Studies (2005)

Four mixed O,S binding bidentate ligand precursors derived from maltol (3-hydroxy-2-methyl-4-pyrone) have been chelated to vanadium to yield new bis(ligand)oxovanadium(IV) and tris(ligand)vanadium(III) complexes. The four ligand precursors include two pyranthiones, 3-hydroxy-2-methyl-4-pyranthione, commonly known as thiomaltol (Htma), and 2-ethyl-3-hydroxy-4-pyranthione, commonly known as ethylthiomaltol (Hetma), as well as two pyridinethiones, 3-hydroxy-2-methyl-4(H)-pyridinethione (Hmppt) and 3-hydroxy-1,2-dimethyl-4-pyridinethione (Hdppt). Vanadium complex formation was confirmed by elemental analysis, mass spectrometry, and IR and EPR (where possible) spectroscopies. The X-ray structure of oxobis(thiomaltolato)vanadium(IV),VO(tma)(2), was also determined; both cis and trans isomers were isolated in the same asymmetric unit. In both isomers, the two thiomaltolato ligands are arranged around the base of the square pyramid with the V=O linkage perpendicular; the vanadium atom is slightly displaced from the basal plane [V(1) = 0.656(3) A, V(2) = 0.664(2) A]. All of the new complexes were screened for insulin-enhancing effectiveness in streptozotocin-induced diabetes in rats, and VO(tma)(2) was profiled metabolically for urinary vanadium and ligand clearance by GFAAS and ESIMS, respectively. The new vanadium complexes did not lower blood glucose levels acutely, possibly because of rapid dissociation and excretion.
Calibration of Non-overlapping Cameras Using an External SLAM System (2014)

We present a simple method for calibrating a set of cameras that may not have overlapping field of views. We reduce the problem of calibrating the non-overlapping cameras to the problem of localizing the cameras with respect to a global 3D model reconstructed with a simultaneous localization and mapping (SLAM) system. Specifically, we first reconstruct such a global 3D model by using a SLAM system using an RGB-D sensor. We then perform localization and intrinsic parameter estimation for each camera by using 2D-3D correspondences between the camera and the 3D model. Our method locates the cameras within the 3D model, which is useful for visually inspecting camera poses and provides a model-guided browsing interface of the images. We demonstrate the advantages of our method using several indoor scenes.
Novel variable step size nlms algorithms for echo cancellation (2008)

In this paper we present two new variable step size (VSS) methods for adaptive filters. These VSS methods are so effective, they eliminate the need for a separate double-talk detection algorithm in echo cancellation applications. The key feature of both approaches is the introduction of a new near-end signal energy estimator (NESEE) that provides accurate and computationally efficient estimates even during double-talk and echo path change events. The first VSS algorithm applies the NESEE to the recently proposed Nonparametric VSS NLMS (NPVSS-NLMS) algorithm. The resulting algorithm has excellent convergence characteristics with an intrinsic immunity to double-talk. The second approach is somewhat more ad hoc. It is composed of a combination of an efficient echo path change detector and the NESEE. This VSS method also has excellent convergence, double talk immunity, and computational efficiency. Simulations demonstrate the efficacy of both proposed algorithms.
Correction of current transformer distorted secondary currents due to saturation using artificial neural networks (2001)

Current transformer saturation can cause protective relay misoperation or even prevent tripping. This paper presents the use of artificial neural networks (ANN) to correct current transformer (CT) secondary waveform distortions. The ANN is trained to achieve the inverse transfer function of iron-core toroidal CTs which are widely used in protective systems. The ANN provides a good estimate of the true (primary) current of a saturated transformer. The neural network is developed using MATLAB and trained using data from EMTP simulations and data generated from actual CTs. In order to handle large dynamic ranges of fault currents, a technique of employing two sets of network coefficients is used. Different sets of network coefficients deal with different fault current ranges. The algorithm for running the network was implemented on an Analog Devices ADSP3101 digital signal processor. The calculating speed and accuracy proved to be satisfactory in real-time application.
Effect of Bread Baking on the Bioavailability of Hydrogen-Reduced Iron Powder Added to Unenriched Refined Wheat Flour (2006)

Elemental iron powders are widely used to fortify flour and other cereal products. Our objective was to test the hypothesis that baking enhances the bioavailability of elemental iron powders by oxidizing Fe(0) to Fe(2+) or Fe(3+). An in vitro digestion/Caco-2 cell culture model and a piglet model were used to measure bioavailability. Bread flour, either unfortified or fortified with hydrogen-reduced (HR) iron powder or FeSO(4) (300 mg Fe/kg flour), was baked into bread. For the in vitro studies, bread samples were treated with pepsin at pH 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, or 7 and subsequently incubated with pancreatic enzymes at pH 7 in a chamber positioned above monolayers of cultured Caco-2 cells. Ferritin formation in the cells was used as an index of iron bioavailability. Ferritin formation in cells fed HR Fe bread was similar to cells fed FeSO(4) bread when the peptic digestion was conducted at a pH 2 but lower when the peptic phase was conducted at pH 3, 4, 5, 6, or 7 (P < 0.05). Pig diets containing 35% dried bread were prepared and fed to cross-bred (Hampshire x Landrace x Yorkshire) anemic pigs in two studies. The rate of increase in hemoglobin Fe over the feeding period was used to calculate relative biological value (RBV), an index of iron bioavailability. In the first pig study, RBV of HR Fe added to flour prior to baking was 47.9% when compared to FeSO(4) fortified flour (P < 0.05). In the second pig study, a third treatment consisting of unfortified bread with HR iron added during diet mixing (after bread baking) was included. RBVs of the HR Fe diet (Fe added after baking) and HR Fe diet (Fe added before baking) were 40.1% and 53.5%, respectively, compared to the FeSO(4) diet. Differences in RBV between the HR Fe (before and after baking) and FeSO(4) (before baking) treatment groups were significant, but the difference between the before and after HR treatment groups was not significant. We conclude that bread baking does not enhance the bioavailability of elemental iron powders.
The advanced Combi 40+ cochlear implant. (1997)

A 12-channel cochlear implant (CI) for high-rate pulsatile stimulation strategies is presented. Symmetric biphasic current pulses can be generated up to a maximum pulse repetition rate of 18.18 kpulses/second. The stimulation pulse amplitude can be selected within 1.5 microA-1.5 mA. Data and power are transcutaneously transferred using a single radiofrequency (RF) channel. A fully digital data transfer format is employed at an overall data rate of 600 kBit/second. The implant contains a single mixed analog/digital CMOS-ASIC (Application Specific Integrated Description) for data synchronization and stimulus generation. Stimulation signals are applied via a monopolar intracochlear multichannel electrode. Output capacitors for each channel are employed for safety reasons. A self-calibrating back telemetry system is included for estimating the channel impedances and field distribution along the electrode array. Dimensions of the ceramic package of the implant are only 33.50 x 23.40 x 3.95 mm3.
Entangled photon pair generation with quantum dot molecules (2012)

Here we propose a mechanism to generate entangled photon pairs that makes use of double dot quantum dot molecules. Molecular biexciton and molecular exciton states allow us to circumvent the which-path problem that, in most cases, makes the use of single quantum dots technologically challenging.
Cloning, characterization, and expression in<i>Escherichia coli</i>of the gene coding for the CpG DNA methylase from<i>Spiroplasma sp.</i>strain MQ1(M Sssl) (1990)

We describe here the cloning, characterization and expression in E. coli of the gene coding for a DNA methylase from Spiroplasma sp. strain MQ1 (M.SssI). This enzyme methylates completely and exclusively CpG sequences. The Spiroplasma gene was transcribed in E. coli using its own promoter. Translation of the entire message required the use of an opal suppressor, suggesting that UGA triplets code for tryptophan in Spiroplasma. Sequence analysis of the gene revealed several UGA triplets, in a 1158 bp long open reading frame. The deduced amino acid sequence revealed in M.SssI all common domains characteristic of bacterial cytosine DNA methylases. The putative sequence recognition domain of M.SssI showed no obvious similarities with that of the mouse DNA methylase, in spite of their common sequence specificity. The cloned enzyme methylated exclusively CpG sequences both in vivo and in vitro. In contrast to the mammalian enzyme which is primarily a maintenance methylase, M.SssI displayed de novo methylase activity, characteristic of prokaryotic cytosine DNA methylases.
Proxy Mobile IPv6 Basic Multicast Support Solution (2009)

This document describes how multicast routing can be supported in
Proxy Mobile IPv6 in a way similar to Mobile IPv6. The Mobile Access
Gateway tunnels MLD messages from the mobile nodes to local mobility
anchor. The Local Mobility Anchor joins the multicast group and starts
forwarding the received multicast packets to the mobile access
gateway. In case of a handover the tunnel end point changes but the
operation remains anchored at the local mobility anchor.
Distributed queueing over a broadcast channel (2002)

We present a new protocol called distributed queueing over a broadcast channel (DQBC). It is a distributed protocol that has the potential to support a large number of users with different performance requirements in the medium access control layer. There is a separate reservation channel from the transmission channel and information is carried over time slots. DQBC presents a solution which requires only two reservation slots of one bit long per time slot. Under Poisson traffic conditions, DQBC has bounded delay up to input rates of 0.9. Under bursty traffic, DQBC has a delay performance comparable to the round-robin protocol.
SWEEP (2019)

Scientific and commercial applications are increasingly being executed in the cloud, but the difficulties associated with cluster management render on-demand resources inaccessible or inefficient to many users. Recently, the serverless execution model, in which the provisioning of resources is abstracted from the user, has gained prominence as an alternative to traditional cyberinfrastructure solutions. With its inherent elasticity, the serverless paradigm constitutes a promising computational model for scientific workflows, allowing domain specialists to develop and deploy workflows that are subject to varying workloads and intermittent usage without the overhead of infrastructure maintenance. We present the Serverless Workflow Enablement and Execution Platform (SWEEP), a cloud-agnostic workflow management system with a purely serverless execution model that allows users to define, run and monitor generic cloud-native workflows. We demonstrate the use of SWEEP on workflows from two disparate scientific domains and present an evaluation of performance and scaling.
Artificial Red Cells with Polyhemoglobin Membranes. (1981)

Abstract : Artificial red cells were prepared with polyhemoglobin membranes. Red-cell-size microdroplets containing 30% of hemoglobin were held in liquid membrane capsules and treated with glutaraldehyde that cross linked the hemoglobin at the surface of each microdroplet. A water-soluble surfactant was used to eject the cells from the oil and suspend them in saline. The hemoglobin was retained by the artificial red-cell membrane, but biotonometry revealed that it held oxygen more tenaceously after encapsulation. (Author)
Therapeutic Neovascularization by Nanotechnology-Mediated Cell-Selective Delivery of Pitavastatin Into the Vascular Endothelium (2009)

NP-mediated cell-selective statin delivery may be a more effective and integrative strategy for therapeutic neovascularization in patients with severe organ ischemia.
Propagation of prion strains through specific conformers of the prion protein (1997)

Two prion strains with identical incubation periods in mice exhibited distinct incubation periods and different neuropathological profiles upon serial transmission to transgenic mice expressing chimeric Syrian hamster/mouse (MH2M) prion protein (PrP) genes [Tg(MH2M) mice] and subsequent transmission to Syrian hamsters. After transmission to Syrian hamsters, the Me7 strain was indistinguishable from the previously established Syrian hamster strain Sc237, despite having been derived from an independent ancestral source. This apparent convergence suggests that prion diversity may be limited. The Me7 mouse strain could also be transmitted directly to Syrian hamsters, but when derived in this way, its properties were distinct from those of Me7 passaged through Tg(MH2M) mice. The Me7 strain did not appear permanently altered in either case, since the original incubation period could be restored by effectively reversing the series of passages. Prion diversity enciphered in the conformation of the scrapie isoform of PrP (PrP(Sc)) (G. C. Telling et al., Science 274:2079-2082, 1996) seems to be limited by the sequence of the PrP substrates serially converted into PrP(Sc), while prions are propagated through interactions between the cellular and scrapie isoforms of PrP.
DEVELOPMENT OF AN INSTRUMENTED DEEP-TILLAGE IMPLEMENT FOR SENSING OF SOIL MECHANICAL RESISTANCE (2004)

Variable-depth tillage has the potential for economic and environmental benefits to modern crop production.Varying tillage depth according to local soil conditions prevents the waste of energy and preserves soil ecology. A prototypeinstrumentation system was developed based on a conventional implement for deep tillage. It was equipped with two loadcells and two sets of strain gauges for sensing the load applied to the implement during tillage. Two linear pressure distributionmodels (full and redundant) were used to describe the change of soil mechanical resistance with depth. These models werethen used to compare estimates of soil mechanical resistance applied to the point of the deep-tillage implement based on predictedand measured values. Field evaluation was conducted to illustrate the systems performance in two experimental sites.In both cases, instrument predictions corresponded with soil profile measurements obtained using a standard cone penetrometer.The developed system may become a part of variable-depth tillage equipment after an algorithm for a closed-loop tillagedepth control is developed.
Effect of failures on optimal location management algorithms (2003)

The current IS-41 standard PCS architecture uses a centralized database, the Home Location Register (HLR), to store service and location information of each mobile registered in the PCS network. However this is a single point of failure, therefore distributed database architectures have been proposed as possible architectures for future mobile networks. The performance of such architectures improves when the load on the databases is balanced. Though distributed architectures offer increased fault tolerance, they suffer from increased query delay (number of databases to be queried to retrieve the required information). The query data further increases in the presence of database failures. In this paper we derive bound for the performance of load balanced location management algorithms in the presence of database failures for three standard performance metrics, worst-case query, delay average query delay, and call blocking probability. A load balanced algorithm tolerating database failures is presented, and its performance measured using the same performance metrics. A robust parallel location management algorithm which queries databases in parallel is then presented, and we derive expressions for the average query delay for the algorithm in presence of failures.
All-optical 2R regenerator using a compact self-seeded Fabry-Pérot laser diode incorporated with a bidirectional EDFA for 10 Gb/s transmission system (2006)

A cost-effective all-optical 2R regenerator, comprising a compact self-seeded Fabry-Perot laser diode, and a bidirectional EDFA, is proposed. This module, with 10.2-dB gain, achieves 6.4-dB power-penalty improvement over the 1R regenerator in the 100-km transmission.
A general framework for directional intra prediction with varying angle for video coding (2020)

Video coding standards such as H.264/AVC, HEVC, VVC, etc., all employ intra prediction where a directional prediction uses a single prediction direction inside a coding block. The underlying idea is that the object directionalities remain unchanged over the entire coding block. This is a simplistic model as the object directionalities over a block can change, especially if the block size is relatively large. In such a case, using a single prediction direction over a coding block will lead to smaller coding blocks after rate-distortion (R-D) optimization with side information for partitioning into smaller blocks. A better idea would be to allow the prediction direction to change gradually over the same coding block such that objects with slow changing directionalities can be modelled in larger blocks without splitting them. This would demand additional complexity and the side information required for model parameters. This paper proposes a general framework which supports this change of prediction direction inside a block and presents practical solutions for low complexity implementations. Simulation results with VVC test model (VTM 4) software show Luma BD-rate gain of 0.11% in All Intra (AI) configuration.
Reproducing Crystal Binding Modes of Ligand Functional Groups Using Site-Identification by Ligand Competitive Saturation (SILCS) Simulations (2011)

The applicability of a computational method, Site Identification by Ligand Competitive Saturation (SILCS), to identify regions on a protein surface with which different types of functional groups on low-molecular weight inhibitors interact is demonstrated. The method involves molecular dynamics (MD) simulations of a protein in an aqueous solution of chemically diverse small molecules from which probability distributions of fragments types, termed FragMaps, are obtained. In the present application, SILCS simulations are performed with an aqueous solution of 1 M benzene and propane to map the affinity pattern of the protein for aromatic and aliphatic functional groups. In addition, water hydrogen and oxygen atoms serve as probes for hydrogen-bond donor and acceptor affinity, respectively. The method is tested using a set of 7 proteins for which crystal structures of complexes with several high affinity inhibitors are known. Good agreement is obtained between FragMaps and the positions of chemically similar functional groups in inhibitors as observed in the X-ray crystallographic structures. Quantitative capabilities of the SILCS approach are demonstrated by converting FragMaps to free energies, termed Grid Free Energies (GFE), and showing correlation between the GFE values and experimental binding affinities. For proteins for which ligand decoy sets are available, GFE values are shown to typically score the crystal conformation and conformations similar to it more favorable than decoys. Additionally, SILCS is tested for its ability to capture the subtle differences in ligand affinity across homologous proteins, information which may be of utility toward specificity-guided drug design. Taken together, our results show that SILCS can recapitulate the known location of functional groups of bound inhibitors for a number of proteins, suggesting that the method may be of utility for rational drug design.