gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
The profibrinolytic effect of activated protein C in clots formed from plasma is TAFI-dependent (1996)

Thrombin-activatable fibrinolysis inhibitor (TAFI) is the precursor of an exopeptidase that is identical to plasma procarboxypeptidase B. Upon activation by thrombin, activated TAFI (TAFIa) attenuates fibrinolysis, presumably by catalyzing the removal of C-terminal lysines from partially degraded fibrin. Activated protein C (APC) proteolytically inactivates the essential cofactor in prothrombinase, factor Va, and limits both the formation of thrombin and subsequent activation of TAFI, thereby appearing profibrinolytic. TAFI is able to reconstitute an APC-dependent shortening of lysis time in a purified system; however, it remained to be determined the extent to which TAFI is involved in the profibrinolytic effect of APC in a plasma-based system. To aid in addressing this question, two monoclonal antibodies (MoAbTAFI#16 and #13) and a polyclonal antibody were produced against purified TAFI. MoAbTAFI#16 was shown to inhibit TAFI activation and thereby appears to stimulate fibrinolysis. Furthermore, an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay was developed using MoAbTAFI#13 and the polyclonal antibody. Through its use, the plasma concentration of TAFI was determined to be 73 nmol/L. In addition, a turbidity assay was used to determine the effect of APC on tissue plasminogen activator-induced fibrinolysis of clots produced from normal human plasma (NHP), plasma immunodepleted of TAFI (TdP), and TdP reconstituted with purified TAFI. APC shortened lysis time of clots produced from NHP in a saturable and concentration-dependent manner. However, APC had no effect on lysis time of clots formed from either TdP or NHP in the presence of 80 nmol/L MoAbTAFI#16. The APC effect could be reconstituted in TdP by the addition of purified TAFI. The lysis time in TdP was increased from 50 to 180 minutes in a TAFI concentration-dependent manner. The EC50 was 15 nmol/L and saturation was approached at physiologically relevant concentrations (60 nmol/L). The profibrinolytic effect of APC was also compared with that of MoAbTAFI#16 and two competitive inhibitors, an inhibitor of the carboxypeptidase A and B family purified from potato tubers and 2-Guanidinoethylmercaptosuccinic acid (GEMSA). All were able to reduce lysis time of clots formed from normal human plasma by 90 minutes, yielding respective EC50 values of 5 nmol/L, 15 nmol/L, 50 nmol/L, and 90 mumol/L. Therefore, the majority of the profibrinolytic effect of APC, in an in vitro plasma system, is dependent on TAFI. Because TAFIa dramatically influences lysis time, inhibitors of TAFIa or TAFI activation may prove to be important adjuvants for thrombolytic therapy.
Halide Perovskites: Poor Man's High‐Performance Semiconductors (2016)

Halide perovskites are a rapidly developing class of medium-bandgap semiconductors which, to date, have been popularized on account of their remarkable success in solid-state heterojunction solar cells raising the photovoltaic efficiency to 20% within the last 5 years. As the physical properties of the materials are being explored, it is becoming apparent that the photovoltaic performance of the halide perovskites is just but one aspect of the wealth of opportunities that these compounds offer as high-performance semiconductors. From unique optical and electrical properties stemming from their characteristic electronic structure to highly efficient real-life technological applications, halide perovskites constitute a brand new class of materials with exotic properties awaiting discovery. The nature of halide perovskites from the materials' viewpoint is discussed here, enlisting the most important classes of the compounds and describing their most exciting properties. The topics covered focus on the optical and electrical properties highlighting some of the milestone achievements reported to date but also addressing controversies in the vastly expanding halide perovskite literature.
Cardiac Resynchronization Therapy Improves Heart Rate Variability in Patients with Symptomatic Heart Failure (2003)

Improvement in ventricular performance from CRT shifts cardiac autonomic balance toward a more favorable profile that is less dependent on sympathetic activation.
High temperature organic/inorganic addition cure polyimide composites, part 1: Matrix thermal properties (2007)

Abstract Structure‐thermal property interrelationships are characterized and reported for organic/inorganic addition cure polyimide composite matrices based on 3,3′,4,4′‐benzophenone tetracarboxylic dianhydride, the reactive terminal group 4‐phenylethynyl phthalic anhydride, and stoichiometric controlled diamine ratios of 1,3‐phenylenediamine, 1,4‐phenylenediamine, or 4,4′‐(1,3‐phenylenediisopropylidene) bisaniline, combined with bis( p ‐aminophenoxy) dimethyl silane or an α, ω‐bis(3‐aminopropyl) polydimethylsiloxane oligomer. Polymerization of monomer reactants resin solutions, carbon fiber prepregs and composites, and imidized oligomers are characterized to relate molecular chemical structure and morphology to glass transition temperature, processing characteristics, thermodynamic properties, and thermal stability. Glass transition temperature, thermal decomposition temperature, and char yield were found to increase with increasing siloxane block length in the imide backbone. As the concentration of inorganic component in the imide oligomer backbone increased, the cured glass transition temperature decreased. Char yield and thermal decomposition temperature were observed to decrease as the inorganic component concentration increased. Incorporation of bis( p ‐aminophenoxy) dimethyl silane into the imide oligomer structure did not provide any significant advantages over traditional polyimides relative to thermal properties or composite processing, but aminosiloxanes improved composite toughness, prepreg tack, and composite processability. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2008
Differentially circulating miRNAs after recent osteoporotic fractures can influence osteogenic differentiation (2015)

Osteoporosis is the consequence of altered bone metabolism resulting in the systemic reduction of bone strength and increased risk of fragility fractures. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) regulate gene expression on a post-transcriptional level and are known to take part in the control of bone formation and bone resorption. In addition, it is known that miRNAs are secreted by many cell types and can transfer "messages" to recipient cells. Thus, circulating miRNAs might not only be useful as surrogate biomarkers for the diagnosis or prognosis of pathological conditions, but could be actively modulating tissue physiology. Therefore, the aim of this study was to test whether circulating miRNAs that exhibit changes in recent osteoporotic fracture patients could be causally related to bone metabolism. In the first step we performed an explorative analysis of 175 miRNAs in serum samples obtained from 7 female patients with recent osteoporotic fractures at the femoral neck, and 7 age-matched female controls. Unsupervised cluster analysis revealed a high discriminatory power of the top 10 circulating miRNAs for patients with recent osteoporotic fractures. In total 6 miRNAs, miR-10a-5p, miR-10b-5p, miR-133b, miR-22-3p, miR-328-3p, and let-7g-5p exhibited significantly different serum levels in response to fracture (adjusted p-value<0.05). These miRNAs were subsequently analyzed in a validation cohort of 23 patients (11 control, 12 fracture), which confirmed significant regulation for miR-22-3p, miR-328-3p, and let-7g-5p. A set of these and of other miRNAs known to change in the context of osteoporotic fractures were subsequently tested for their effects on osteogenic differentiation of human mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) in vitro. The results show that 5 out of 7 tested miRNAs can modulate osteogenic differentiation of MSCs in vitro. Overall, these data suggest that levels of specific circulating miRNAs change in the context of recent osteoporotic fractures and that such perturbations of "normal" levels might affect bone metabolism or bone healing processes.
Towards the automatic assessment of spatial quality in the reproduced sound environment. (2011)

The research in this thesis describes the creation and development of a method for the prediction of perceived spatial quality. The QESTRAL1 model is an objective evaluation model capable of accurately predicting changes to perceived spatial quality. It uses probe signals and a set of objective metrics to measure changes to low-level spatial attributes. A polynomial weighting function derived from regression analysis is used to predict data from listening tests, which employed spatial audio processes (SAPs) proven to stress those low-level attributes. A listening test method was developed for collecting listener judgements of impairments to spatial quality. This involved the creation of a novel test interface to reduce the biases inherent in other similar audio quality assessment tests. Pilot studies were undertaken which established the suitability of the method. Two large scale listening tests were conducted using 31 Tomneister students from the Institute of Sound Recording (IoSR), University of Surrey. These tests evaluated 48 different SAPs, typically encountered in consumer sound reproduction equipment, when applied to 6 types of programme material. The tests were conducted at two listening positions to determine how perceived spatial quality was changed. Analysis of the data collected from these listening tests showed that the SAPs created a diverse range of judgements that spanned the range of the spatial quality test scale and that listening position, programme material type and listener each had a statistically significant influence upon perceived spatial quality. These factors were incorporated into a database of 308 responses used to calibrate the model. The model was calibrated using partial least-squares regression using target specifications similar to those of audio quality models created by other researchers. This resulted in five objective metrics being selected for use in the model. A method of post correction using an exponential equation was used to reduce non-linearity in the predicted results, thought to be caused by the inability of some metrics to scrutinise the highest quality SAPs. The resulting model had a correlation (r) of 0.89 and an error (RMSE) of 11.06% and performs similarly to models developed by other researchers. Statistical analysis also indicated that the model would generalise to a larger population of listeners.
Nickel‐Catalyzed Cyanation of Aryl Chlorides and Triflates Using Butyronitrile: Merging Retro‐hydrocyanation with Cross‐Coupling (2017)

We describe a nickel-catalyzed cyanation reaction of aryl (pseudo)halides that employs butyronitrile as a cyanating reagent instead of highly toxic cyanide salts. A dual catalytic cycle merging retro-hydrocyanation and cross-coupling enables the conversion of a broad array of aryl chlorides and aryl/vinyl triflates into their corresponding nitriles. This new reaction provides a strategically distinct approach to the safe preparation of aryl cyanides, which are essential compounds in agrochemistry and medicinal chemistry.
Spatial spectrograms of vibrating atomic force microscopy cantilevers coupled to sample surfaces (2013)

Many advanced dynamic Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM) techniques such as contact resonance, force modulation, piezoresponse force microscopy, electrochemical strain microscopy, and AFM infrared spectroscopy exploit the dynamic response of a cantilever in contact with a sample to extract local material properties. Achieving quantitative results in these techniques usually requires the assumption of a certain shape of cantilever vibration. We present a technique that allows in-situ measurements of the vibrational shape of AFM cantilevers coupled to surfaces. This technique opens up unique approaches to nanoscale material property mapping, which are not possible with single point measurements alone.
Evaluation of Global Positioning System Devices for a Quality Control System for Compaction Operations (1999)

Quality control of the compaction process is an important concern for owners and contractors because compaction is essential for improving the stability and density of construction materials such as soils and asphalt. When other conditions such as roller frequency, wheel load, and compactor speed are the same, the density of asphalt pavement depends on the number of coverages of the compactor. If the mat is compacted with less than the determined number of passes, the result may be a large volume of air voids, leading to low density. However, if the mat is overly compacted, the aggregates will be crushed further and the attributes of the mix will be changed, leading to a reduction in density. For this reason, monitoring the exact number of coverages over the entire surface of the pavement mat is desired. Research that started 3 years ago to develop an automated system for mapping compaction equipment using global positioning system (GPS) technology is reported. The objective of this research is to test the GPS receiver under various conditions of compaction operations. The researchers conclude that the accuracy of GPS devices selected should be better than 15 cm, the typical asphalt coverage overlap.
The weakest failure detectors to solve certain fundamental problems in distributed computing (2004)

We determine the weakest failure detectors to solve several fundamental problems in distributed message-passing systems, for all environments -- i.e., regardless of the number and timing of crashes. The problems that we consider are: implementing an atomic register, solving consensus, solving quittable consensus (a variant of consensus in which processes have the option to decide 'quit' if a failure occurs), and solving non-blocking atomic commit.
Discovery of Nuclear-Encoded Genes for the Neurotoxin Saxitoxin in Dinoflagellates (2011)

Saxitoxin is a potent neurotoxin that occurs in aquatic environments worldwide. Ingestion of vector species can lead to paralytic shellfish poisoning, a severe human illness that may lead to paralysis and death. In freshwaters, the toxin is produced by prokaryotic cyanobacteria; in marine waters, it is associated with eukaryotic dinoflagellates. However, several studies suggest that saxitoxin is not produced by dinoflagellates themselves, but by co-cultured bacteria. Here, we show that genes required for saxitoxin synthesis are encoded in the nuclear genomes of dinoflagellates. We sequenced >1.2×10(6) mRNA transcripts from the two saxitoxin-producing dinoflagellate strains Alexandrium fundyense CCMP1719 and A. minutum CCMP113 using high-throughput sequencing technology. In addition, we used in silico transcriptome analyses, RACE, qPCR and conventional PCR coupled with Sanger sequencing. These approaches successfully identified genes required for saxitoxin-synthesis in the two transcriptomes. We focused on sxtA, the unique starting gene of saxitoxin synthesis, and show that the dinoflagellate transcripts of sxtA have the same domain structure as the cyanobacterial sxtA genes. But, in contrast to the bacterial homologs, the dinoflagellate transcripts are monocistronic, have a higher GC content, occur in multiple copies, contain typical dinoflagellate spliced-leader sequences and eukaryotic polyA-tails. Further, we investigated 28 saxitoxin-producing and non-producing dinoflagellate strains from six different genera for the presence of genomic sxtA homologs. Our results show very good agreement between the presence of sxtA and saxitoxin-synthesis, except in three strains of A. tamarense, for which we amplified sxtA, but did not detect the toxin. Our work opens for possibilities to develop molecular tools to detect saxitoxin-producing dinoflagellates in the environment.
Cardiorenal actions of a novel chimeric natriuretic peptide, CD-NP, as compared to C-type natriuretic peptide, in the normal dog (2007)

Background The novel chimeric natriuretic peptide, CD-NP, is a Mayodesigned cGMP-activating synthetic peptide that consists of the 22-amino-acid (AA) residues of C-type natriuretic peptide (CNP) and the 15-AA C-terminal extension of Dendroaspis natriuretic peptide (DNP) [1]. The rationale for the design of CD-NP was to transform CNP, which activates natriuretic peptide receptor-B (NPR-B) and is natriuretic, diuretic and less hypotensive than ANP and BNP which activate NPR-A into a CNP-like peptide with added renal actions. The goal of this investigation was to directly compare the cardiorenal profile of CD-NP to that of CNP.
Determining epidural catheter location using nerve stimulation with radiological confirmation*1 (2000)

This report illustrates some of the potential benefits and problems of using the nerve stimulation test to confirm epidural catheter placement, with radiological verification.
Dynamic Sidelobe Multiplexing in Beamspace MIMO Systems (2020)

Recent studies on multiplexing concept over beamspace multiple-input-multiple-output (MIMO) can reduce the need for using phase shifters while keeping the directivity performance at similar levels. Thus, beamspace MIMO provides cost-effective and simple hardware designs for millimeter-wave (mmWave) systems. However, the number of users/streams that can be supported at the same time-frequency resource is limited to the number of radio-frequency (RF) chains. In this letter, to overcome this restriction, dynamic sidelobe multiplexing (DSM) algorithm is proposed. The proposed multiplexing technique precodes the transmitted data over transmitter beams in order to open up a new path to the receiver. Therefore, the proposed method provides an opportunity to exceed the limits of conventional hardware usage in beamspace MIMO. The numerical results show that the proposed approach enhance the system performance for more than 50% compared to conventional beamspace MIMO techniques.
Flying height measurement of a head slider using color image processing technique. (1988)

A new method to measure the flying height of head sliders in magnetic disk devices was developed. The interference color fringe created in the clearance between the slider and the glass disk was characterized by using the color image processing technique. The relation between hue and the flying height was obtained within 0.0073μm accuracy. The presented method makes use of the phase difference among RGB signals, so it doesn't depend on the light intensity distribution in the TV field, which comes from the optical devices. In addition, the present method gives continuous flying height attitudes.
YBa<sub>2</sub>Cu<sub>3</sub>O<sub>7</sub>films processed by CVD in high magnetic fields (2002)

In order to develop a new fabrication process using a high magnetic field, we intended to demonstrate a chemical vapour deposition technique in magnetic fields (in-field CVD). The in-field CVD apparatus was made for the first time, combining with an 11 T cryogen-free superconducting magnet. From a viewpoint of high temperature superconducting power applications, YBa2Cu3O7 films deposited on polycrystalline Ag tapes were prepared by in-field CVD process. It is found that the magnetic field in the CVD method improves the crystallinity of YBa2Cu3O7. Moreover, we found that the surface morphology of YBa2Cu3O7 outstandingly changed by the in-field CVD process, and in particular, the grain size of YBa2Cu3O7 is reduced by a factor of about 10 by applying a magnetic field above a few tesla.
Metal‐ and Reagent‐Free Highly Selective Anodic Cross‐Coupling Reaction of Phenols (2014)

The direct oxidative cross-coupling of phenols is a very challenging transformation, as homo-coupling is usually strongly preferred. Electrochemical methods circumvent the use of oxidizing reagents or metal catalysts and are therefore highly attractive. Employing electrolytes with a high capacity for hydrogen bonding, such as methanol with formic acid or 1,1,1,3,3,3-hexafluoro-2-propanol, a direct electrolysis in an undivided cell provides mixed 2,2'-biphenols with high selectivity. This mild method tolerates a variety of moieties, for example, tert-butyl groups, which are not compatible with other strong electrophilic media but vital for later catalytic applications of the formed products.
Investigation on toolpath geometries for surface quality improvement in laser net shape manufacturing (2005)

Laser net shape manufacturing (LNSM) builds parts by successively cladding layers of powder on a substrate. The accuracy of deposition and the quality of the clad surface are highly dependent on the process parameters used in the deposition. A key process parameter is the NC toolpath used to drive the deposition nozzle. The NC toolpath is composed of the geometric path of the nozzle head and the parameters used to control the motion of the nozzle. This paper investigates the effect of deposition geometries and process parameters on the surface quality of the clad artifact. Prominent surface defects in the clad part are identified. Additionally, toolpath strategies are proposed to address these defects and improve the surface quality. The scope of the discussion is limited to hollow parts with no internal features.
Upright, correlated random walks: A statistical-biomechanics approach to the human postural control system (1995)

The task of maintaining erect stance involves a complex sensorimotor control system, the output of which can be highly irregular. Even when a healthy individual attempts to stand still, the center of gravity of his or her body and the center of pressure (COP) under his or her feet continually move about in an erratic fashion. In this study, we approach the problem of characterizing postural sway from the perspective of random-walk theory. Specifically, we analyze COP trajectories as one-dimensional and two-dimensional random walks. These analyses reveal that over short-term intervals of time during undisturbed stance the COP behaves as a positively correlated random walk, whereas over long-term intervals of time it resembles a negatively correlated random walk. We interpret this novel finding as an indication that during quiet standing the postural control system utilizes open-loop and closed-loop control schemes over short-term and long-term intervals, respectively. From this perspective, our approach, known as stabilogram-diffusion analysis, has the advantage that it leads to the extraction of COP parameters which can be directly related to the steady-state behavior and functional interaction of the neuromuscular mechanisms underlying the maintenance of erect stance. (c) 1995 American Institute of Physics.
Expression of Functional Recombinant Mussel Adhesive Protein Mgfp-5 in <i>Escherichia coli</i> (2004)

Mussel adhesive proteins have been suggested as a basis for environmentally friendly adhesives for use in aqueous conditions and in medicine. However, attempts to produce functional and economical recombinant mussel adhesive proteins (mainly foot protein type 1) in several systems have failed. Here, the cDNA coding for Mytilus galloprovincialis foot protein type 5 (Mgfp-5) was isolated for the first time. Using this cDNA, we produced a recombinant Mgfp-5 fused with a hexahistidine affinity ligand, which was expressed in a soluble form in Escherichia coli and was highly purified using affinity chromatography. The adhesive properties of purified recombinant Mgfp-5 were compared with the commercial extracted mussel adhesive Cell-Tak by investigating adhesion force using atomic force microscopy, material surface coating, and quartz crystal microbalance. Even though further macroscale assays are needed, these microscale assays showed that recombinant Mgfp-5 has significant adhesive ability and may be useful as a bioadhesive in medical or underwater environments.