gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Data-Driven Dynamic Model Identification for Synchronous Generators (2019)

The objective of this paper is to find parameters of dynamic synchronous generator models through phasor measurement unit (PMU) data. Two estimation models are assumed. The first is an input/output model with electric power measurement as input and frequency as output. The second model assumes a single machine infinite bus system and the measurements are treated as outputs only. For these two models, various system identification methods are applied to achieve the goal, including autoregression exogenous (ARX)-based least squares estimation (LSE), subspace identification through n4sid, and linear grey-box model identification. Numerical examples are given to show the effectiveness of dynamic parameter estimation.
Capillary-driven Rigiflex Lithography for Fabricating High Aspect-Ratio Polymer Nanostructures (2007)

We present simple methods for fabricating high aspect-ratio polymer nanostructures on a solid substrate by rigiflex lithography with tailored capillarity and adhesive force. In the first method, a thin, thermoplastic polymer film was prepared by spin coating on a substrate and the temperature was raised above the polymer's glass transition temperature (<TEX>$T_g$</TEX>) while in conformal contact with a poly(urethane acrylate) (PUA) mold having nano-cavities. Consequently, capillarity forces the polymer film to rise into the void space of the mold, resulting in nanostructures with an aspect ratio of <TEX>${\sim}4$</TEX>. In the second method, very high aspect-ratio (>20) nanohairs were fabricated by elongating the pre-formed nanostructures upon removal of the mold with the aid of tailored capillarity and adhesive force at the mold/polymer interface. Finally, these two methods were further used to fabricate micro/nano hierarchical structures by sequential application of the molding process for mimicking nature's functional surfaces such as a lotus leaf and gecko foot hairs.
INTER-NODE RELATIONSHIP LABELING: A FINE-GRAINED XML ACCESS CONTROL IMPLEMENTATION USING GENERIC SECURITY LABELS (2006)

Most work on XML access control considers XML nodes as the smallest protection unit. This paper shows the limitation of this approach and introduces an XML access control mechanism that protects inter-node relationships. Our approach provides a finer granularity of access control than the node-based approaches(i.e., more expressive). Moreover, our approach helps achieve the “need-to-know” security principle and the “choice” privacy principle. This paper also shows how our approach can be implemented using a generic label infrastructure and suggests algorithms to create/check a secure set of labeled relationships in an XML document.
Terahertz optical properties of wood–plastic composites (2019)

Terahertz (THz) optical materials containing polymeric materials have been useful for terahertz technologies. We investigated the THz optical properties of wood-plastic composites (WPCs), which are composed of polystyrene and wood powder, and their suitability as THz optical materials. We found that the refractive indexes and absorption coefficients of the WPCs increased with increasing wood powder content. WPCs are inexpensive and have tunable THz optical properties.
Random Linear Network Coding For Time Division Duplexing: Energy Analysis (2009)

We study the energy performance of random linear network coding for time division duplexing channels. We assume a packet erasure channel with nodes that cannot transmit and receive information simultaneously. The sender transmits coded data packets back-to-back before stopping to wait for the receiver to acknowledge the number of degrees of freedom, if any, that are required to decode correctly the information. Our analysis shows that, in terms of mean energy consumed, there is an optimal number of coded data packets to send before stopping to listen. This number depends on the energy needed to transmit each coded packet and the acknowledgment (ACK), probabilities of packet and ACK erasure, and the number of degrees of freedom that the receiver requires to decode the data. We show that its energy performance is superior to that of a full-duplex system. We also study the performance of our scheme when the number of coded packets is chosen to minimize the mean time to complete transmission as in [1]. Energy performance under this optimization criterion is found to be close to optimal, thus providing a good trade-off between energy and time required to complete transmissions.
Theory Of Ring Lasers Coupled Using Reverse Waves (1989)

Phase locking of ring lasers can be accomplished by coupling via reverse waves. In one embodiment, a portion of the forward wave output from one laser is coupled into the reverse wave of another, with reverse wave suppressor mirrors used to couple each reverse wave output into the forward wave of the same laser. In an alternate approach, the reverse wave output of one laser is coupled into the forward wave of another, with a portion of each forward output being retro-reflected into the reverse wave of the same laser. A one dimensional model of the coupling schemes is presented, which predicts the result of mirror detuning. The coupling concept is demonstrated by a CO2 laser experiment with UR90 resonators. Predictions of the theory are verified, including the variation of piston phase difference with resonator length for the forward-to-reverse and reverse-forward schemes.
Dapagliflozin in Heart Failure with Mildly Reduced or Preserved Ejection Fraction (2022)

Dapagliflozin reduced the combined risk of worsening heart failure or cardiovascular death among patients with heart failure and a mildly reduced or preserved ejection fraction. (Funded by AstraZeneca; DELIVER ClinicalTrials.gov number, NCT03619213.).
Fiber-optic strain-gauge manometer up to 100 MPa (1992)

A practical realization of a novel pressure transducer utilizing a fiber-optic strain sensor and an active element configured to simulate an infinite cylinder with free ends is described. The deformation of such a cylinder depends uniquely on pressure acting from its inside and is independent of the stress resulting from the attachment of the device to the pressure system. The fiber-optic strain sensor is permanently bound to the external surface of the cylinder and as such is fully isolated from the high pressure region. The sensing element of the device consists of a highly birefringent (HB) polarization-maintaining optical-fiber strain gauge. The device was characterized at ambient temperatures for pressure up to 100 MPa. The sensor has inherent advantages such as immunity to electromagnetic interference, safety, direct compatibility with optical data transmission systems, simplicity and cost-effectiveness. It does not require any fiber-optic leadthrough and has significantly increased sensitivity (around 0.1 MPa/sup -1/) compared to similar devices based on electrical strain gauges.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Higher order nonlinear ultrasonic imaging (2003)

Nonlinear imaging as conventionally applied in medical ultrasound separates the second harmonic response from the fundamental. Second harmonic images have better clutter rejection and transmit focusing but worse SNR compared with the fundamental. The authors propose using higher harmonic components to gain more tissue information and to improve SNR. The underlying idea is to model the nonlinear echo signal as a polynomial expansion of some basis waveform. When this model is excited by a number of transmit pulses with different amplitudes and phases then the coefficients of this model can be obtained through least squares inversion. Odd order nonlinearities are of particular interest since one of their spectral components is folded back into the system's transmission band. This component can be received without attenuation from the transducer's bandpass characteristic.
Relating optical signals induced by infrared neural stimulation to electrophysiology (2010)

Infrared neural stimulation (INS) is well characterized for the peripheral nervous system; however, translation to the central nervous system (CNS) presents a new set of challenges which require us to consider different anatomy, multiple cell types, and the physiology associated with structures in the CNS. This study represents the first attempt to translate INS to in vivo stimulation of the CNS. The results from this study show that INS generates intrinsic optical signals of similar magnitude and shape associated with well characterized mechanical stimuli. Electrophysiology analysis indicates INS evokes inhibitory responses in rat somatosensory cortex. The implications of this work could lead to neural implants which allows for single cell stimulation making it possible to design closed loop neural prosthetics.
Immunization of cattle with recombinant Babesia bovis merozoite surface antigen-1 (1995)

Cattle immunized with a recombinant merozoite surface antigen-1 molecule (MSA-1) produced high-titered antibody that reacted with the surface of the parasite and neutralized merozoite infectivity in vitro. However, recombinant MSA-1 immunization did not confer protection against challenge with virulent Babesia bovis. These results indicate that antibody-mediated neutralization of merozoite infectivity in vitro, at least for MSA-1-specific antibody, does not reflect in vivo protective immunity to babesiosis.
Security Software Green Head for Mobile Devices Providing Comprehensive Protection from Malware and Illegal Activities of Cyber Criminals (2013)

This paper deals with the description of the threats to mobile devices and suggests the security software that provides comprehensive protection of personal data and mobile telephone from malware and illegal activity of cyber criminals. The developed security software Green Head protects personal smartphones of majority of brands from spam, viruses and unauthorized access. It is an innovative software product ensuring information security of mobile phones from all currently existing threats that today does not have any full analogs. Green Head security software warns the user about wiretapping, which keeps professional and personal confidential information intact. The developed security software is universal for people using mobile phones in professional and personal life because any stored information is protected from various attacks.
Interface Engineering of Metal Oxide Semiconductors for Biosensing Applications (2017)

In the last decade, there has been considerable development in the area of oxide semiconductors, owing to their superior electrical properties as compared to a‐Si:H, and lower cost and better uniformity over large areas as compared to poly‐Si. On the other hand, multi‐functional sensing systems play a significant role in building a bridge across bio/electronic interface and require advanced thin‐film transistors (TFT) as sensing components and signal processing circuits. High‐performance oxide TFTs are constructed based on material design, advanced processing and device architecture and provide higher sensitivity when compared with other active thin‐film transistor platforms. Their versatile configurations and integration with functional materials make oxide TFT the focal point of sensing systems, including wearable and implantable electronics.
Extending The Shelf Life Of Blood Platelets (1988)

New method of storing human blood platelets extends vitality for transfusions. Packaged as suspension in sterile liquid in plastic blood bags. Each bag placed between pair of plastic grids, and rubberbands placed around sandwich thus formed to hold together. Stored upright in open air or in container through which air pumped at rate of at least 45 L/min. Ensures that platelets receive ample oxygen and expiratory carbon dioxide form platelets removed before pH drops to harmful levels.
Preliminary results from field testing an improved refractory material for slagging coal gasifiers (2004)

Slag attack of refractory materials used to line the hot face of slagging gasifiers limits their service life to between 3 and 24 months. These gasifiers use coal, petroleum coke, or combinations of them as raw materials to produce chemicals, liquid fuel, and/or electricity; with future consideration being given to the use of other abundant, low cost feedstock such as biomass. The ash from these materials generate liquid slags during gasification at temperature between 1300 - 1575 C and pressures up to 1000 psi, leading to severe slag attack of a vessel lining and causing unacceptable gasifier reliability and on-line availability. To maximize refractory life and provide protection of the gasifier metal shell, the best liners have contained a minimum of 60-70 pct chromia in combination with alumina, alumina/zirconia, or magnesia. The Albany Research Center of DOE has developed a phosphate containing high chrome oxide refractory liner that indicates potential for increased service life over currently used materials. This new liner has been produced commercially by a refractory company and installed in a gasifier for performance evaluation. Refractory issues in slagging gasifiers, the development and properties of the phosphate containing high chrome oxide material, and the preliminary results from the plant trial of this material will be presented.
Linear Image Sensors. CCD Linear Sensor Employing High-Speed Driving Dot Sequential Color Method. (1993)

A CCD linear sensor employing a high-speed driving dot sequential color method is developed for color image scanners. This device has only one row of sensors in dot sequential form and a separate register for each primary color. The output signals are therefore unaffected by the positional deviation of the sensors and the color mixing due to transfer degradation. The data rate of this device is 18 MHz , twice that of a conventional linear sensor employing the same configuration of sensors and registers . This improved data rate is due to the difference in potential between conventional and the present CCD registers and faster clock timing.
Towards the Sustainable Production of Acrolein by Glycerol Dehydration (2009)

Abstract The massive increase in biodiesel production by transesterification of vegatable oils goes hand‐in‐hand with the availability of a large volume of glycerol, which must be valorized. Glycerol dehydration to acrolein over acid catalysts is one of the most promising ways of valorization, because this compound is an important chemical intermediate used in, for example, the DL‐methionine synthesis. In this Minireview, we give a detailed critical view of the state‐of‐the‐art of this dehydration reaction. The processes developed in both the liquid and the gas phases are detailed and the best catalytic results obtained so far are reported as a benchmark for future developments. The advances on the understanding of the reaction mechanism are also discussed and we further focus particularly on the main obstacles for an immediate industrial application of this technology, namely catalyst coking and crude glycerol direct‐use issues.
Design of a compact application-oriented free-electron laser (1992)

The goal of the Advanced Free-Electron Laser Project at the Los Alamos National Laboratory is to demonstrate that a free-electron laser (FEL) suitable for industrial, medical, and research applications can be built. This FEL system should be efficient, compact, robust, and user-friendly. To achieve this goal, we have incorporated advanced components presently available. Electrons produced by a photoelectron source are accelerated to 20 MeV by a high-brightness accelerator. They are transported by an emittance-preserving beamline with permanent-magnet quadrupoles and dipoles. The electron beam has excellent instantaneous beam quality better than: 2.5 {pi} mm mrad in transverse emittance and 0.3% in energy spread at a Peak current up to 310 A. It is used to excite a FEL oscillator with a pulsed-current microwiggler. Including operation at higher harmonics, the laser wavelength extends from 3.7 {mu}m to 0.4 {mu}m.
Natural video matting using camera arrays (2006)

We present an algorithm and a system for high-quality natural video matting using a camera array. The system uses high frequencies present in natural scenes to compute mattes by creating a synthetic aperture image that is focused on the foreground object, which reduces the variance of pixels reprojected from the foreground while increasing the variance of pixels reprojected from the background. We modify the standard matting equation to work directly with variance measurements and show how these statistics can be used to construct a trimap that is later upgraded to an alpha matte. The entire process is completely automatic, including an automatic method for focusing the synthetic aperture image on the foreground object and an automatic method to compute the trimap and the alpha matte. The proposed algorithm is very efficient and has a per-pixel running time that is linear in the number of cameras. Our current system runs at several frames per second, and we believe that it is the first system capable of computing high-quality alpha mattes at near real-time rates without the use of active illumination or special backgrounds.
A global matching framework for stereo computation (2002)

This paper presents a new global matching framework for stereo computation. In this framework, the second view is first predicted from the reference view using the depth information. A global match measure is then defined as the similarity function between the predicted image and the actual image. Stereo computation is converted into a search problem where the goal is to find the depth map that maximizes the global match measure. The major advantage of this framework is that the global visibility constraint is inherently enforced in the computation. This paper explores several key components of this framework including (1) three color segmentation based depth representations, (2) an incremental warping algorithm that dramatically reduces the computational complexity, and (3) scene constraints such as the smoothness constraint and the color similarity constraint. Experimental results using different types of depth representations are presented. The quality of the computed depth maps is demonstrated through image-based rendering from new viewpoints.
Microwave imaging for breast cancer detection: Advances in three &#x2014; Dimensional image reconstruction (2011)

Microwave imaging is based on the electrical property (permittivity and conductivity) differences in materials. Microwave imaging for biomedical applications is particularly interesting, mainly due to the fact that available range of dielectric properties for different tissues can provide important functional information about their health. Under the assumption that a 3D scattering problem can be reasonably represented as a simplified 2D model, one can take advantage of the simplicity and lower computational cost of 2D models to characterize such 3D phenomenon. Nonetheless, by eliminating excessive model simplifications, 3D microwave imaging provides potentially more valuable information over 2D techniques, and as a result, more accurate dielectric property maps may be obtained. In this paper, we present some advances we have made in three-dimensional image reconstruction, and show the results from a 3D breast phantom experiment using our clinical microwave imaging system at Dartmouth Hitchcock Medical Center (DHMC), NH.
<title>Phase-imaging holographic microscope</title> (1994)

A real-time holographic microscope for phase imaging is described. The image-formation process is based on the aberration-correcting capability of phase-conjugate illumination. After it has passed through a phase object, the light from a laser beam is recorded as a reflection hologram within a crystal of barium titanate by the self-pumping process. Such a reflection hologram, when illuminated, returns the phase conjugate of the incident distorted optical field. The object is then displaced slightly, and the phase conjugate of the field produced by the undisplaced object now passes through the displaced object. This produces in the object plane an intensity pattern that is an image of gradients in phase retardation. A microscope (objective and ocular) creates a magnified image of the pattern. A digital processor grabs video frames, subtracting from the gradient image the initial optical field acquired before the shift. The subtractive processing results in a final image free of coherent noise and artifacts. We describe the microscope and its operation and show representative images.
Highly Conserved <i>Neisseria meningitidis</i> Surface Protein Confers Protection against Experimental Infection (1997)

A new surface protein, named NspA, which is distinct from the previously described Neisseria meningitidis outer membrane proteins was identified. An NspA-specific mAb, named Me-1, reacted with 99% of the meningococcal strains tested indicating that the epitope recognized by this particular mAb is widely distributed and highly conserved. Western immunoblotting experiments indicated that mAb Me-1 is directed against a protein band with an approximate molecular mass of 22,000, but also recognized a minor protein band with an approximate molecular mass of 18,000. This mAb exhibited bactericidal activity against four meningococcal strains, two isolates of serogroup B, and one isolate from each serogroup A and C, and passively protected mice against an experimental infection. To further characterize the NspA protein and to evaluate the protective potential of recombinant NspA protein, the nspA gene was identified and cloned into a low copy expression vector. Nucleotide sequencing of the meningococcal insert revealed an ORF of 525 nucleotides coding for a polypeptide of 174 amino acid residues, with a predicted molecular weight of 18,404 and a isoelectric point of 9.93. Three injections of either 10 or 20 microg of the affinity-purified recombinant NspA protein efficiently protected 80% of the mice against a meningococcal deadly challenge comparatively to the 20% observed in the control groups. The fact that the NspA protein can elicit the production of bactericidal and protective antibodies emphasize its potential as a vaccine candidate.
Electron density and energy output limits of plasma-recombination lasers (1982)

Theoretically estimated limiting electron densities for plasma-recombination lasers are shown to agree with experimentally measured values over a wavelength variation of nearly one decade. Radiation trapping is found not to restrict the electron densities in recombination lasers that operate at wavelengths longer than about 100 nm. For wavelengths shorter than 150 nm predicted specific output energies for plasma-recombination lasers may exceed those of excimer lasers.
Electrochemical Activation of Cp* Iridium Complexes for Electrode-Driven Water-Oxidation Catalysis (2014)

Organometallic iridium complexes bearing oxidatively stable chelate ligands are precursors for efficient homogeneous water-oxidation catalysts (WOCs), but their activity in oxygen evolution has so far been studied almost exclusively with sacrificial chemical oxidants. In this report, we study the electrochemical activation of Cp*Ir complexes and demonstrate true electrode-driven water oxidation catalyzed by a homogeneous iridium species in solution. Whereas the Cp* precursors exhibit no measurable O2-evolution activity, the molecular species formed after their oxidative activation are highly active homogeneous WOCs, capable of electrode-driven O2 evolution with high Faradaic efficiency. We have ruled out the formation of heterogeneous iridium oxides, either as colloids in solution or as deposits on the surface of the electrode, and found indication that the conversion of the precursor to the active molecular species occurs by a similar process whether carried out by chemical or electrochemical methods. This work makes these WOCs more practical for application in photoelectrochemical dyads for light-driven water splitting.