gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Rational Design of Rho GTPase-Targeting Inhibitors (2012)

Rho GTPases have been implicated in diverse cellular functions and are potential therapeutic targets in inflammation, cancer, and neurologic diseases. Virtual screening of compounds that fit into surface grooves of RhoA known to be critical for guanine nucleotide exchange factor (GEF) interaction produced chemical candidates with minimized docking energy. Subsequent screening for inhibitory activity of RhoA binding to the Rho-GEF, LARG, identified a Rho-specific inhibitor as a lead compound capable of blocking RhoA-LARG interaction and RhoA activation by LARG specifically and dose dependently. A microscale thermophoresis analysis was applied to directly quantify the binding interaction of the lead inhibitor with RhoA target. The lead inhibitor highlights the principle that rational targeting of subfamily members of Rho GTPases is feasible and potentially useful in future drug design effort.
Conjugation of copper-zinc superoxide dismutase with succinylated gelatin: Pharmacological activity and cell-lubricating function (1993)

Superoxide dismutase (SOD) and succinylated gelatin (succinyl gelatin) were conjugated to improve in vivo pharmacological activity of SOD. Lysyl residues of human recombinant Cu,Zn-SOD were cross-linked with carboxyl residues of succinyl gelatin using 1-ethyl-3-[3- (dimethylamino)propyl]carbodiimide. Various chemical and pharmacokinetic parameters of the conjugate were determined. Analysis by atomic absorption spectrometry and amino acid composition revealed that the conjugate was composed of about 2.9 mol of succinyl gelatin (with a mean molecular weight of 23,000) to 1 mol of SOD and exhibited an apparent mean molecular weight of 98,000. The conjugate retained almost 100% of its original activity on a molar basis. When the succinyl gelatin-conjugated Cu,Zn-SOD (Suc-gel-SOD) was administered intravenously to mice, its plasma half-life was prolonged to 29.7 min compared with 4.5 min for native SOD. Tissue distribution analysis revealed that intravenously administered Suc-gel-SOD showed a much greater accumulation than native SOD in the liver followed by in decreasing order the kidney, the lung, and the spleen; native SOD was excreted more rapidly into urine before it accumulated in tissues. Furthermore, Suc-gel-SOD exhibited lower antigenicity and immunogenicity than native SOD, and it had a better therapeutic effect against ischemic edema of the foot pad in mice. The conjugate was found to accumulate more than native SOD in the ischemic foot pad. A newly added property of the conjugate is cell-lubricating activity, which facilitated cell passage through micropores and reduced hemolysis during cell passage in vitro.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
한려해상 국립공원의 자연경관에 대한 지형학적 특성 (2001)

전남의 여수와 경남의 거제, 통영, 충무, 삼천포, 남해, 하둥 등 남해안의 해안과 도서 일부를 중심으로 1968년 12월 31일 한려해상 국립공원으로 지정되었다. 38개의 유인도와 57개의 무인도로 이루어진 한려 해상 국립공원은 해안과 도서에 분포하고 있는 사빈, 해식애, 해식동, 파식대, 씨 스택 등 해안 · 해상경관과 금산의 산악경관 등으로 구성되어 있다. 본 연구 지역의 지질은 한반도의 동남단에 위치한 경상분지의 남단으로서 백악기의 경상계 퇴적암층과 화산암류로 구성되어 있다. 지형은 육상의 산지능선과 봉우리로 이루어진 거대한 지괴가 후빙기 해수면의 상승으로 반도 도서 및 해안으로 분리되어 만입과 돌출 현상이 나타나 리아스식해안과 다도해를 이루게 되었고 해빈, 해식애, 해식동, 파식대 씨 스택 등의 암석해안 및 해상경관을 이루게 되었다.
Learned-Norm Pooling for Deep Feedforward and Recurrent Neural Networks (2013)

In this paper we propose and investigate a novel nonlinear unit, called $L_p$ unit, for deep neural networks. The proposed $L_p$ unit receives signals from several projections of a subset of units in the layer below and computes a normalized $L_p$ norm. We notice two interesting interpretations of the $L_p$ unit. First, the proposed unit can be understood as a generalization of a number of conventional pooling operators such as average, root-mean-square and max pooling widely used in, for instance, convolutional neural networks (CNN), HMAX models and neocognitrons. Furthermore, the $L_p$ unit is, to a certain degree, similar to the recently proposed maxout unit (Goodfellow et al., 2013) which achieved the state-of-the-art object recognition results on a number of benchmark datasets. Secondly, we provide a geometrical interpretation of the activation function based on which we argue that the $L_p$ unit is more efficient at representing complex, nonlinear separating boundaries. Each $L_p$ unit defines a superelliptic boundary, with its exact shape defined by the order $p$. We claim that this makes it possible to model arbitrarily shaped, curved boundaries more efficiently by combining a few $L_p$ units of different orders. This insight justifies the need for learning different orders for each unit in the model. We empirically evaluate the proposed $L_p$ units on a number of datasets and show that multilayer perceptrons (MLP) consisting of the $L_p$ units achieve the state-of-the-art results on a number of benchmark datasets. Furthermore, we evaluate the proposed $L_p$ unit on the recently proposed deep recurrent neural networks (RNN).
Synthesis, crystal structures, and bonding of the molybdenum cubane compounds [Mo(µ-C<sub>5</sub>H<sub>4</sub>Pr<sup>i</sup>)(µ<sup>3</sup>-S)]<sub>4</sub><sup>n+</sup>, where n= 0, 1, and 2 (1983)

The compounds [Mo(η-C5H4Pri)(µ3-S)]4n+, where n= 0, 1, or 2 have been prepared and X-ray crystal structure determinations whow them to have a cubane structure: the compounds are related by reversible one electron oxidation–reduction reactions and the photoelectrom spectrum for the neutral compound, n= 0, provides a description of the bonding in the cubane system.
An ELM-resilient RF arc detection system for DIII-D based on electromagnetic and sound emissions from the arc (1997)

Views Icon Views Article contents Figures & tables Video Audio Supplementary Data Peer Review Share Icon Share Twitter Facebook Reddit LinkedIn Tools Icon Tools Reprints and Permissions Cite Icon Cite Search Site Citation D. A. Phelps; An ELM-resilient RF arc detection system for DIII-D based on electromagnetic and sound emissions from the arc. AIP Conf. Proc. 1 April 1997; 403 (1): 401–404. https://doi.org/10.1063/1.53351 Download citation file: Ris (Zotero) Reference Manager EasyBib Bookends Mendeley Papers EndNote RefWorks BibTex toolbar search Search Dropdown Menu toolbar search search input Search input auto suggest filter your search All ContentAIP Publishing PortfolioAIP Conference Proceedings Search Advanced Search |Citation Search
Combining Caption and Visual Features for Semantic Event Classification of Baseball Video (2005)

In baseball game, an event is defined as the portion of video clip between two pitches, and a play is defined as a batter finishing his plate appearance. A play is a concatenation of many events, and a baseball game is formed by a series of plays. In this paper, only the event happened in the last pitch of a plate appearance is detected. It is then semantically classified to represent the corresponding play by using an algorithm integrating caption rule-inference and visual feature analysis. Our proposed system is capable of classifying each baseball play into eleven semantic categories, which are popular and familiar to most of the audiences. In an experiment of 260 testing plays, the classification rate achieves up to 87%.
Mn<sub><i>x</i></sub>O<sub><i>y</i></sub>/NC and Co<sub><i>x</i></sub>O<sub><i>y</i></sub>/NC Nanoparticles Embedded in a Nitrogen‐Doped Carbon Matrix for High‐Performance Bifunctional Oxygen Electrodes (2014)

Reversible interconversion of water into H2 and O2, and the recombination of H2 and O2 to H2O thereby harnessing the energy of the reaction provides a completely green cycle for sustainable energy conversion and storage. The realization of this goal is however hampered by the lack of efficient catalysts for water splitting and oxygen reduction. We report exceptionally active bifunctional catalysts for oxygen electrodes comprising Mn3O4 and Co3O4 nanoparticles embedded in nitrogen-doped carbon, obtained by selective pyrolysis and subsequent mild calcination of manganese and cobalt N4 macrocyclic complexes. Intimate interaction was observed between the metals and nitrogen suggesting residual M-N(x) coordination in the catalysts. The catalysts afford remarkably lower reversible overpotentials in KOH (0.1 M) than those for RuO2, IrO2, Pt, NiO, Mn3O4, and Co3O4, thus placing them among the best non-precious-metal catalysts for reversible oxygen electrodes reported to date.
Genetic Analysis of<i>incurvata</i>Mutants Reveals Three Independent Genetic Operations at Work in Arabidopsis Leaf Morphogenesis (2000)

In an attempt to identify genes involved in the control of leaf morphogenesis, we have studied 13 Arabidopsis thaliana mutants with curled, involute leaves, a phenotype herein referred to as Incurvata (Icu), which were isolated by G. Röbbelen and belong to the Arabidopsis Information Service Form Mutants collection. The Icu phenotype was inherited as a single recessive trait in 10 mutants, with semidominance in 2 mutants and with complete dominance in the remaining 1. Complementation analyses indicated that the studied mutations correspond to five genes, representative alleles of which were mapped relative to polymorphic microsatellites. Although most double-mutant combinations displayed additivity of the Icu phenotypes, those of icu1 icu2 and icu3 icu4 double mutants were interpreted as synergistic, which suggests that the five genes studied represent three independent genetic operations that are at work for the leaf to acquire its final form at full expansion. We have shown that icu1 mutations are alleles of the Polycomb group gene CURLY LEAF (CLF) and that the leaf phenotype of the icu2 mutant is suppressed in an agamous background, as is known for clf mutants. In addition, we have tested by means of multiplex RT-PCR the transcription of several floral genes in Icu leaves. Ectopic expression of AGAMOUS and APETALA3 was observed in clf and icu2, but not in icu3, icu4, and icu5 mutants. Taken together, these results suggest that CLF and ICU2 play related roles, the latter being a candidate to belong to the Polycomb group of regulatory genes. We propose that, as flowers evolved, a new major class of genes, including CLF and ICU2, may have been recruited to prevent the expression of floral homeotic genes in the leaves.
Visible electroluminescence from porous silicon <i>np</i> heterojunction diodes (1992)

We report the preparation of silicon-based visible light-emitting diodes, configured as heterojunctions between porous silicon (formed by electrochemical etching of p-type silicon wafers), and n-type indium tin oxide (ITO). The transparent ITO film allows light emission through the top surface of the device, under a forward electrical bias of several volts across the junction. Photogenerated currents are observed under reverse biases. A tentative model for this electroluminescence is presented, based on injection of minority carriers through a narrow interphase region into the porous silicon structure, where radiative recombination occurs.
Polyelectrolyte Layer-by-Layer Assembly on Organic Electrochemical Transistors (2017)

Oppositely charged polyelectrolyte multilayers (PEMs) were built up in a layer-by-layer (LbL) assembly on top of the conducting polymer channel of an organic electrochemical transistor (OECT), aiming to combine the advantages of well-established PEMs with a high performance electronic transducer. The multilayered film is a model system to investigate the impact of biofunctionalization on the operation of OECTs comprising a poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) polystyrenesulfonate (PEDOT:PSS) film as the electrically active layer. Understanding the mechanism of ion injection into the channel that is in direct contact with charged polymer films provides useful insights for novel biosensing applications such as nucleic acid sensing. Moreover, LbL is demonstrated to be a versatile electrode modification tool enabling tailored surface features in terms of thickness, softness, roughness, and charge. LbL assemblies built up on top of conducting polymers will aid the design of new bioelectronic platforms for drug delivery, tissue engineering, and medical diagnostics.
Quantitative Comparison of Volatile Flavor Compounds in Deep-Roasted and Light-Roasted Sesame Seed Oil (1997)

The effect of roasting degree on the formation of volatile compounds in sesame seeds was investigated. Light- and deep-roasted sesame seed oils were steam distilled under reduced pressure, and volatiles from the distillate were separated by an adsorptive column method. The recoveries of total volatiles were 9726 and 2014 ppb from deep- and light-roasted oils, respectively. The relative amount of monoalkylpyrazines decreased in contrast to the increases of di- and trialkylpyrazines with increase in the degree of roasting. 1H-Pyrrole-2-carboxyaldehyde, the most abundant pyrrole, was the only volatile that decreased in deep-roasted oil. 4,5-Dimethylisothiazole, 4,5-dimethylthiazole, 2-propyl-4-methylthiazole, and 2-butyl-5-methylthiazole increased their relative amounts in deep-roasted oil. Hexanal, (E)-2-heptenal, and (E,E)-2,4-decadienal occurred in almost the same levels. Guaiacol and 2-furanmethanethiol increased from 32 to 321 ppb and from 6 to 40 ppb, respectively, in deep-roasted oil. Keywords: Volatiles; flavor compounds; seasame seed oil; roasting
Intelligent monitoring system for limited communication path: telerobotic task execution over Internet (2002)

Time delay and limited communication capacity are the primary constraints in super long distance telerobotic systems. Extension of the intelligent monitoring system is discussed from the viewpoint of the temporal domain. Details of an experimental system which includes real overseas connection through the Internet are shown. Results for a robotic pick-place task experiment using the system are reported.
Design considerations of a commercial q-sift installation for redrying hemlock lumber (2002)

Hemfir by its nature is a species group that has a significant amount of kiln drying non-uniformity depending on what time of the year it was processed, what part of the tree the lumber came from, how long it was allowed to air-dry, the relative mixing of commercial species (i.e., inclusion of true firs in the processing), water transportation,
Ocular manifestations of giant cell arteritis (1998)

Giant cell arteritis is a systemic disease that can have devastating ophthalmic consequences. New insights into the epidemiology and pathophysiology of the disease may improve early diagnosis and treatment.
A synthetic gene network for tuning protein degradation in <i>Saccharomyces cerevisiae</i> (2007)

Protein decay rates are regulated by degradation machinery that clears unnecessary housekeeping proteins and maintains appropriate dynamic resolution for transcriptional regulators. Turnover rates are also crucial for fluorescence reporters that must strike a balance between sufficient fluorescence for signal detection and temporal resolution for tracking dynamic responses. Here, we use components of the Escherichia coli degradation machinery to construct a Saccharomyces cerevisiae strain that allows for tunable degradation of a tagged protein. Using a microfluidic platform tailored for single-cell fluorescence measurements, we monitor protein decay rates after repression using an ssrA-tagged fluorescent reporter. We observe a half-life ranging from 91 to 22 min, depending on the level of activation of the degradation genes. Computational modeling of the underlying set of enzymatic reactions leads to GFP decay curves that are in excellent agreement with the observations, implying that degradation is governed by Michaelis-Menten-type interactions. In addition to providing a reporter with tunable dynamic resolution, our findings set the stage for explorations of the effect of protein degradation on gene regulatory and signalling pathways.
Lubrication Properties of Bottle-Brush Polyelectrolytes:  An AFM Study on the Effect of Side Chain and Charge Density (2008)

The effect of side chain to charge ratio on the frictional properties of adsorbed layers formed by bottle-brush polyelectrolytes with poly(ethylene oxide) side chains has been investigated. The brush polyelectrolytes were preadsorbed from 0.1 mM NaNO(3) solutions onto mica and silica surfaces; the interfacial friction was then measured in polyelectrolyte-free solutions via AFM (with the silica surface acting as the colloidal probe). It was concluded that the decisive factor for achieving favorable lubrication properties is the concentration of nonadsorbing poly(ethylene oxide) side chains in the interfacial region. However, contrary to what may be expected, the results showed that an ideal brush layer structure with the adsorbed polymers adopting comb-like conformation is not necessary for achieving a low coefficient of friction in the asymmetric mica-silica system. In fact, the lowest coefficient of friction (<0.01) under applied pressures as high as 30 MPa was observed for a system with a side chain to charge ratio of 9:1, incapable of forming brush-like layers.
Absorption and distribution of arachidonate in rats receiving lysophospholipids by oral route. (1993)

Absorption and distribution of polyunsaturated fatty acids was investigated in rats receiving lysophospholipids per os (30 mg kg-1). Lysophosphatidylcholine (lysoPC) increased [3H]arachidonate absorption and its incorporation into mucosal phosphatidylcholine. Transport of [3H]arachidonate by the phospholipid fraction of lymph lipoproteins and the level of [3H]arachidonate in plasma and liver lipids was also increased by lyso PC. Lysophosphatidylserine also increased [3H]arachidonate absorption but channeled the fatty acids into the aminophospholipid fraction of mucosal phospholipids, thus decreasing its efflux in lymph lipoproteins. As a consequence, lysophosphatidylserine caused [3H]arachidonate accumulation in mucosa. As similar results were obtained with [14C]linoleate, the data suggest that the addition of an appropriate lysophospholipid to the diet may direct absorption and distribution of polyunsaturated fatty acids.
Isoputrin and Butrin, the Antihepatotoxic Principles of<i>Butea monosperma</i>Flowers<sup>1</sup> (1986)

Since an extract from the flowers of Butea monosperma, a plant drug used in India for the treatment of liver disorders, showed significant activity in different models of liver damage, the extract was fractionated by solvent partitioning and HPLC, and activity monitored by means of CCl4- and GalN-induced liver lesion in vitro. The antihepatotoxic principles isolated consisted of two known flavonoids, isobutrin (3, 4, 2′, 4′-tetrahydroxychalcone-3, 4′-diglucoside), and the less active butrin (7, 3′, 4′-trihydroxyflavanone-7, 3′-diglucoside). For qualitative and quantitative analysis of isobutrin and butrin in extracts of Butea monosperma flowers a HPLC system was developed.
Inducible Lentivirus‐Mediated siRNA against TLR4 Reduces Nociception in a Rat Model of Bone Cancer Pain (2015)

Although bone cancer pain is still not fully understood by scientists and clinicians alike, studies suggest that toll like receptor 4 (TLR4) plays an important role in the initiation and/or maintenance of pathological pain state in bone cancer pain. A promising treatment for bone cancer pain is the downregulation of TLR4 by RNA interference; however, naked siRNA (small interference RNA) is not effective in long-term treatments. In order to concoct a viable prolonged treatment for bone cancer pain, an inducible lentivirus LvOn-siTLR4 (tetracycline inducible lentivirus carrying siRNA targeting TLR4) was prepared and the antinociception effects were observed in bone cancer pain rats induced by Walker 256 cells injection in left leg. Results showed that LvOn-siTLR4 intrathecal injection with doxycycline (Dox) oral administration effectively reduced the nociception induced by Walker 256 cells while inhibiting the mRNA and protein expression of TLR4. Proinflammatory cytokines as TNF-α and IL-1β in spinal cord were also decreased. These findings suggest that TLR4 could be a target for bone cancer pain treatment and tetracycline inducible lentivirus LvOn-siTLR4 represents a new potential option for long-term treatment of bone cancer pain.
Controllable positive exchange bias via redox-driven oxygen migration (2016)

Ionic transport in metal/oxide heterostructures offers a highly effective means to tailor material properties via modification of the interfacial characteristics. However, direct observation of ionic motion under buried interfaces and demonstration of its correlation with physical properties has been challenging. Using the strong oxygen affinity of gadolinium, we design a model system of GdxFe1-x/NiCoO bilayer films, where the oxygen migration is observed and manifested in a controlled positive exchange bias over a relatively small cooling field range. The exchange bias characteristics are shown to be the result of an interfacial layer of elemental nickel and cobalt, a few nanometres in thickness, whose moments are larger than expected from uncompensated NiCoO moments. This interface layer is attributed to a redox-driven oxygen migration from NiCoO to the gadolinium, during growth or soon after. These results demonstrate an effective path to tailoring the interfacial characteristics and interlayer exchange coupling in metal/oxide heterostructures.
RacA-Mediated ROS Signaling Is Required for Polarized Cell Differentiation in Conidiogenesis of Aspergillus fumigatus (2016)

Conidiophore development of fungi belonging to the genus Aspergillus involves dynamic changes in cellular polarity and morphogenesis. Synchronized differentiation of phialides from the subtending conidiophore vesicle is a good example of the transition from isotropic to multi-directional polarized growth. Here we report a small GTPase, RacA, which is essential for reactive oxygen species (ROS) production in the vesicle as well as differentiation of phialides in Aspergillus fumigatus. We found that wild type A. fumigatus accumulates ROS in these conidiophore vesicles and that null mutants of racA did not, resulting in the termination of conidiophore development in this early vesicle stage. Further, we found that stress conditions resulting in atypical ROS accumulation coincide with partial recovery of phialide emergence but not subsequent apical dominance of the phialides in the racA null mutant, suggesting alternative means of ROS generation for the former process that are lacking in the latter. Elongation of phialides was also suppressed by inhibition of NADPH-oxidase activity. Our findings provide not only insights into role of ROS in fungal cell polarity and morphogenesis but also an improved model for the developmental regulatory pathway of conidiogenesis in A. fumigatus.