gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Seamless Multimedia QoS across UMTS and WLANs (2005)

The main objective of this paper is to evaluate the conditions and restrictions under which seamless multimedia QoS provision across UMTS and IEEE 802.11e WLANs is feasible. For this purpose, we consider a practical interworking scenario, where UMTS subscribers with ongoing real-time video sessions handover to WLAN, and we study the feasibility of seamless continuity by means of simulation. We particularly quantify the maximum number of UMTS subscribers that can be admitted to the WLAN, subject to maintaining the same level of UMTS QoS and respecting the WLAN policies. Our results indicate that the WLAN can support seamless continuity of video sessions for a relatively small number of UMTS subscribers, which depends on the applied WLAN policy, access parameters and QoS requirements. In addition to this study, we do address several other issues that are equally important to seamless session continuity such as the QoS discrepancies across UMTS and WLAN. The framework for discussing these issues is created by considering a practical UMTS/WLAN interworking architecture.
Chinese Social Media Entity Linking Based on Effective Context with Topic Semantics (2019)

On social media, entity linking is very important for natural language processing tasks, such as Sentiment Analysis, Question Answering (QA) and Machine Translation. Compared to English-oriented entity linking, Chinese entity linking has its special difficulties. Just like the entity linking for short text, Chinese microblogs have lots of noise and the mention lacks effective context information. In order to solve these problems, we present a new model for Chinese microblogs entity linking. Entity linking usually includes two steps: candidate entities generation and candidate entities ranking. First, based on the characteristics of Chinese, we put forward multi-method fusion strategies for candidate generation to improve the recall rate of candidate entities. Second, we propose a new neural network model called TAS (Topic attention Siamese) for candidate entities ranking. In TAS model, we add effective topic semantics on Siamese network to learn representations of context, mention and entity, and rank the mention-entity similarity. The representation of mention incorporates information from multiple sentences on the same topic, which can effectively solve the problem of the lack of contextual information. We also use Character-enhanced Word Embedding model (CWE) to pre-train both word embedding and characters embedding to work out noise and word segmentation impact. Experimental results demonstrate that our method significantly outperforms the state-of-the-art results for entity linking on Chinese social media.
High-Resolution Large-Ensemble Nanoparticle Trapping with Multifunctional Thermoplasmonic Nanohole Metasurface (2018)

The intrinsic loss in a plasmonic metasurface is usually considered to be detrimental for device applications. Using plasmonic loss to our advantage, we introduce a thermoplasmonic metasurface that enables high-throughput large-ensemble nanoparticle assembly in a lab-on-a-chip platform. In our work, an array of subwavelength nanoholes in a metal film is used as a plasmonic metasurface that supports the excitation of localized surface plasmon and Bloch surface plasmon polariton waves upon optical illumination and provides a platform for molding both optical and thermal landscapes to achieve a tunable many-particle assembling process. The demonstrated many-particle trapping occurs against gravity in an inverted configuration where the light beam first passes through the nanoparticle suspension before illuminating the thermoplasmonic metasurface, a feat previously thought to be impossible. We also report an extraordinarily enhanced electrothermoplasmonic flow in the region of the thermoplasmonic nanohole metasurface, with comparatively larger transport velocities in comparison to the unpatterned region. This thermoplasmonic metasurface could enable possibilities for myriad applications in molecular analysis, quantum photonics, and self-assembly and creates a versatile platform for exploring nonequilibrium physics.
Controllable growth of high-quality metal oxide/conducting polymer hierarchical nanoarrays with outstanding electrochromic properties and solar-heat shielding ability (2014)

High-quality metal oxide/conducting polymer hierarchical nanoarrays with excellent electrochromic performances and solar-heat shielding ability are prepared using a powerful solution-based method.
Open Set Source Camera Attribution (2012)

Similar to ballistic tests in which we match a gun to its bullets, we can identify a given digital camera that acquired an image under investigation. In this paper, we discuss a method for identifying whether or not an image was captured by a specific digital camera. The method relies on noise residual features related to the images under investigation. Our approach considers an ``open set" recognition scenario, under which we can not rely on the assumption of full access to all of the potential source cameras. This is the only scenario investigators are faced with in the real world. In this case, we model the decision space to take advantage of a few known cameras and carve the decision boundaries to decrease false matches increasing the reliability of image source attribution as an aid for digital forensics in the court of law. This approach performs favorably vs. the state-of-the-art.
A thermodynamic approach to heat integration in distillation systems (1979)

Abstract Starting from a conventional distillation system without heat integration, a series of bottlenecks from the viewpoint of energy conservation is sequentially found by a thermodynamic analysis using a heat availability diagram, and modified systems are evolutionally synthesized as the result of debottlenecking. The present approach has made possible a unified interpretation of various energy integrated distillation systems with multieffect columns, intercondensers/interreboilers, heat pumps, etc.
Optical design of the CEBAF beam transport system (2003)

Modifications to the Continuous Electron Beam Accelerator Facility (CEBAF) beam transport system design are described. These include detailing of injector optics and inclusion of an isosynchronous injection chicane in order to avoid bunch lengthening during injection, use of a 'staircase' spreader/recombiner design in order to reduce error sensitivity, use of 1 GHz RF separators for separation and extraction of multiple beams to reduce emittance dilution, and modification of the beam transport system to accommodate a fifth recirculation of the beam. The isochronicity of the injector chicane design and the choice of a lower frequency for the RF separator extraction system have made the machine phase space design values inherently more achievable. The staircase spreader/recombiner design has reduced sensitivity to lattice errors by a factor of two. This gain in reduced sensitivity is offset by the increased lattice error sensitivity of the five-pass design over that for the previous four-pass design.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
A Distributionally Robust Chance Constrained Model to Hedge Against Uncertainty in Steelmaking-continuous Casting Production Process (2018)

This paper proposes a distributionally robust chance constrained (DRCC) model to handle the daily small disruptions in steelmaking and continuous casting process. The processing time of each charge is assumed to be a random variable belonging to an ambiguous distribution set which is described by support set, mean and variance information. The proposed DRCC model aims to minimize the objective function and at the same time ensure each constraint is established with a certain probability, i.e., distributionally robust individual chance constrained (DRICC) model, or all constraints together are established with a certain probability, i.e., distributionally robust joint chance constrained (DRJCC) model even when the uncertain parameters are in their worst cases. We transform DRICC model into a linear programming model and propose an iterative improvement method to tackle the DRJCC model. To test the robustness of the models, we evaluate the obtained robust schedules under different distributions of the processing time. Experimental results show that both DRCC models are able to provide more robust schedules than compared to the deterministic model.
Low Complexity Channel Estimation for Hybrid Beamforming Systems (2020)

This paper considers the problem of channel estimation in hybrid beamforming systems at the user equipment (UE). After the beam sweeping process, UE estimates the channel such that the best beamforming vector can be derived accordingly to improve analog beamforming gain. To exploit the angular sparsity of millimeter-wave (mmWave) channels, a compressed sensing (CS) based channel estimation algorithm, termed as closed form simultaneous orthogonal matching pursuit (SOMP), is proposed. The proposed algorithm works for a class of beamforming codebooks and scenarios with very small number of beam sweeping symbols, with reduced complexity compared with the existing SOMP algorithm [1]. Simulation results show that the proposed algorithm achieves similar performance as that of the SOMP algorithm, and has advantages over the non-CS based channel estimation algorithm.
The Role of Tribology in Environmentally Friendly MQL Machining (2010)

Minimal quantity lubrication (MQL) machining has been recognized as a representative and successful environmentally friendly cutting operation. Specific synthetic polyol esters are optimal cutting fluids for MQL machining because of their high biodegradability, excellent oxidation stability and satisfactory cutting performance and can effectively lubricate cutting zone vicinities in very small quantities. The cutting performance of these esters is closely connected with tribological behavior based on the adsorbing characteristics of the ester and atmospheric gases onto nascent clean metal surfaces. In particular, the presence of oxygen is preferable in the case of machining steel, whereas oxygen causes unfavorable cutting situations in the case of machining aluminum.
Athermal waveguides for temperature-independent lightwave devices (1993)

The central waveguide of narrowband optical filters is quite sensitive to temperature. This is an obstacle to the broad use of optical frequency-division multiplexing (FDM) systems. Since this undesired characteristic is caused by the temperature dependence of optical path length in the filter, one can stabilize the filtering characteristics if such dependence is successfully eliminated. Thus, a temperature-independent optical waveguide (athermal waveguide), with an optical path length independent of temperature obtained by canceling out the positive dependence of ordinary optical materials with the negative temperature coefficient of the refractive index of some special materials like polymers, is proposed. The experimental result shows that the temperature dependence of optical path length is reduced to -7% of that of conventional glass waveguides.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Prospect for high brightness III–nitride electron emitter (2000)

We describe p-type gallium nitride (GaN) as a candidate for high brightness photocathodes. Experiments utilizing photoemission spectroscopy and quantum yield measurements were performed on GaN films to characterize various cesium and oxygen activations. Quantum efficiencies of 0.1%–4% were obtained in reflection for the cesiated p-type 0.5 μm thick GaN films and 25%–50% on the 0.1 μm thick GaN films. The corresponding emission currents are 142–300 nA for 0.5 μm thick films and 0.7–1.3 μA for the 0.1 μm thick films. This results in an increase of several orders of magnitude in the emission current from the starting GaN films. Furthermore, an initial desorption measurement was performed in order to evaluate the Cs binding strength to GaN relative to GaAs. We observe Cs was bound to the GaN surface (0001_) at 700 °C and completely desorbed at 450 °C for a (100) GaAs surface. Finally, an alternate barium activation on GaN is included for preliminary comparison with the various cesium activations.
Demonstration of a State-Insensitive, Compensated Nanofiber Trap (2012)

We report the experimental realization of an optical trap that localizes single Cs atoms ≃215 nm from the surface of a dielectric nanofiber. By operating at magic wavelengths for pairs of counterpropagating red- and blue-detuned trapping beams, differential scalar light shifts are eliminated, and vector shifts are suppressed by ≈250. We thereby measure an absorption linewidth Γ/2π=5.7±0.1 MHz for the Cs 6S(1/2), F=4→6P(3/2), F'=5 transition, where Γ0/2π=5.2 MHz in free space. An optical depth d≃66 is observed, corresponding to an optical depth per atom d1≃0.08. These advances provide an important capability for the implementation of functional quantum optical networks and precision atomic spectroscopy near dielectric surfaces.
FeCl<sub>3</sub> and Morpholine as Efficient Cocatalysts for the One-Step Synthesis of Quinoxalines from α-Hydroxyketones and 1,2-Diamines (2011)

Abstract One-step conversion including intramolecular hydrogen bond decomposition, aerobic oxidation, and condensation from α-hydroxyketones and 1,2-diamines into quinoxalines is reported using FeCl3 and morpholine as cocatalysts. Keywords: CocatalystFeCl3 morpholinequinoxaline Notes a Reaction conditions: o-phenylenediamine 1a (2 mmol), benzoin 2a (2 mmol), EtOH (5 mL), 80 °C. b Isolated yield after column chromatography. c The reaction was performed in EtOH at room temperature. a Reaction conditions: o-phenylenediamine la (2 mmol), benzoin 2a (2 mmol), EtOH (5 mL), 80 °C. b Isolated yield. c The reaction was performed in CH2C12 at room temperature. d No reaction was observed. a Unless otherwise specified, all reactions were performed with 2a (1 mmol) and 20 mol% of catalyst in EtOH (2 mL) at 80 °C for 1 h. b Isolated yield. c The reaction was performed under Ar protection conditions. d No reaction was observed.
Nonlinear Hawkes Processes (2013)

The Hawkes process is a simple point process that has long memory, clustering effect, self-exciting property and is in general non-Markovian. The future evolution of a self-exciting point process is influenced by the timing of the past events. There are applications in finance, neuroscience, genome analysis, seismology, sociology, criminology and many other fields. We first survey the known results about the theory and applications of both linear and nonlinear Hawkes processes. Then, we obtain the central limit theorem and process-level, i.e. level-3 large deviations for nonlinear Hawkes processes. The level-1 large deviation principle holds as a result of the contraction principle. We also provide an alternative variational formula for the rate function of the level-1 large deviations in the Markovian case. Next, we drop the usual assumptions on the nonlinear Hawkes process and categorize it into different regimes, i.e. sublinear, sub-critical, critical, super-critical and explosive regimes. We show the different time asymptotics in different regimes and obtain other properties as well. Finally, we study the limit theorems of linear Hawkes processes with random marks.
Solvothermal synthesis of lithium iron phosphate nanoplates (2011)

Uniform lithium iron phosphate nanoplates with a thickness of 30 nm, width of 100 nm, and length of 200 nm are synthesized by a solvothermal method. Electrochemical measurements show that the nanoplates exhibit low polarization and reach a discharge capacity of 165 mAh g−1 at 0.1 C, 140 mAh g−1 at 5 C.
<i>Kappa</i> light chain rearrangement in mouse fetal liver. (1994)

Ig variable domains are generated by the recombination of V, D, and J segments (V(D)J rearrangement). V(D)J rearrangement is capable of generating a vast repertoire of different variable domains. In this report, we quantify and characterize the repertoire of kappa rearrangements in fetal liver ontogeny. VJ kappa rearrangements are first observable at approximately day 14 of gestation. Characterization of these rearrangements indicates that only 33% are in a productive reading frame, which supports the argument that they have been generated recently and have not as yet undergone significant Ag-driven selection. Further analysis of rearrangements from a pool of 133 cloned VJ kappa junctions (from both day 14 and day 16 of gestation) indicates that the repertoire is fairly diverse with respect to the V kappa gene families used, as well as the number of members from each gene family. The frequency of V kappa 4 family use in rearrangements to J kappa 5, however, was approximately twice that of the frequency of V kappa 4 family use in rearrangement to other J kappa s. The fine structure of fetal VJ kappa junctions was also diverse, which indicates that precise deletion of sequence identities shared between rearranging V kappa J kappa pairs does not significantly reduce junctional diversity, as has been observed in DJH rearrangements. Lastly, a number of junctions contained P nucleotides, in contrast to the repertoire of expressed VJ kappa junctions.
V<sub>H</sub>‐Gene Family Dominance in Ageing Mice (1994)

The cellular composition and VH-gene family repertoire were compared in different B-cell compartments from young adult (8-12 weeks) and old (18-24 months) C57BL/6 and BALB/c mice. Ageing mice were found to have a higher frequency of peripheral mature B cells utilizing genes from a single VH-gene family. While in each individual old C57BL/6 mice cells expressing the VH J558 gene family consistently were over-represented, a marked individual variation was observed in old BALB/c mice with increased frequency of either the VH J558, Q52 or J606 families. Aged mice were found also to have a reduced number of bone-marrow pre-B cells and an augmented number of splenic Ig-secreting cells. These results suggest that old mice express less diversified antibody repertoires possibly as a consequence of reduced input from precursors and increased peripheral selection, which may be responsible for the progressive establishment of immunodeficiency.
60‐GHz CPW‐fed dielectric‐resonator‐above‐patch (DRAP) antenna for broadband WLAN applications using micromachining technology (2007)

Abstract A 60‐GHz coplanar waveguide (CPW)‐fed dielectric‐resonator‐above‐patch (DRAP) antenna using micromachining technology is presented. In the proposed structure, the patch is elevated in the air with support of a dielectric‐post, and a rectangular dielectric resonator antenna (RDRA) is fixed above the patch. The size of the RDR is 1 × 0.8 mm 2 . We introduce a novel use of micromachining technology (solder ball bumping and flip chip bonding) for the first time to exactingly align and bond a small RDRA with a feed‐slot. The fabricated antenna shows broadband characteristics such as −10‐dB bandwidth of 17.5 GHz from 54 to 71.5 GHz, corresponding to a fractional bandwidth of 29.2%. Moreover, the radiation pattern could be measured by integrating the proposed antenna with a 60‐GHz VCO. An antenna gain of about 3.6 dBi at 60 GHz is measured. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 49: 1859–1861, 2007; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.22632
4D frequency analysis of computational cameras for depth of field extension (2009)

Depth of field (DOF), the range of scene depths that appear sharp in a photograph, poses a fundamental tradeoff in photography---wide apertures are important to reduce imaging noise, but they also increase defocus blur. Recent advances in computational imaging modify the acquisition process to extend the DOF through deconvolution. Because deconvolution quality is a tight function of the frequency power spectrum of the defocus kernel, designs with high spectra are desirable. In this paper we study how to design effective extended-DOF systems, and show an upper bound on the maximal power spectrum that can be achieved. We analyze defocus kernels in the 4D light field space and show that in the frequency domain, only a low-dimensional 3D manifold contributes to focus. Thus, to maximize the defocus spectrum, imaging systems should concentrate their limited energy on this manifold. We review several computational imaging systems and show either that they spend energy outside the focal manifold or do not achieve a high spectrum over the DOF. Guided by this analysis we introduce the lattice-focal lens, which concentrates energy at the low-dimensional focal manifold and achieves a higher power spectrum than previous designs. We have built a prototype lattice-focal lens and present extended depth of field results.
Vision and Driving in the Elderly (1994)

The UFOV test's superior predictability is most likely due to its reliance on both visual sensory abilities and higher order attentional skills. This study suggests that interventions which reduce either visual sensory or attentional impairment may also reduce accident risk in older drivers, an issue we are currently investigating.
Traumatic Brain Injury in Anticoagulated Patients (2006)

All patients on warfarin should have an INR performed, and a CT scan should be done in most anticoagulated patients. All supratherapeutically anticoagulated patients, as well as any anticoagulated patient with a traumatic CT abnormality, should be admitted for neurologic observation and consideration given to short term reversal of anticoagulation. Routine repeat CT scanning at 12 to 18 hours or when even subtle signs of neurologic worsening occur is a strong recommendation. A multi-institutional, prospective trial using these guidelines would be a first step toward demonstrating improved outcomes in the anticoagulated patient population after head trauma.
On-machine sensors to measure paper mechanical properties (1990)

The measurement of the velocity of ultrasound provides a nondestructive means to characterize the mechanical properties of paper. The objective of this program is to develop sensors capable of making such measurements in the thickness and in-plane directions of paper while the paper is moving at line speed on the paper machine. This would allow continuous monitoring of product quality as well as provide data for controlling the papermaking process.
The Allyl Group for Protection in Carbohydrate Chemistry. 13. The N-Allylbenzylamino Group for Protection in the Amino-Sugar Series (1982)

Abstract Derivatives of 2-benzamido-2-deoxy-D-glucose can be converted2 in good yield, into the 2-N-allylbenzylamino derivatives via the 2-N-allylbenzamido derivatives. The N-allylbenzylamino group is a protected amino function which can be readily converted2 into the benzylamino and acylamino functions and we now show other uses for this protecting group in the chemistry of the amino-sugars.