gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Design and Pilot Study of a Gait Enhancing Mobile Shoe (2011)

Hemiparesis is a frequent and disabling consequence of stroke and can lead to asymmetric and inefficient walking patterns. Training on a split-belt treadmill, which has two separate treads driving each leg at a different speed, can correct such asymmetries post-stroke. However, the effects of split-belt treadmill training only partially transfer to everyday walking over ground and extended training sessions are required to achieve long-lasting effects. Our aim is to develop an alternative device, the Gait Enhancing Mobile Shoe (GEMS), that mimics the actions of the split-belt treadmill, but can be used during overground walking and in one's own home, thus enabling long-term training. The GEMS does not require any external power and is completely passive; all necessary forces are redirected from the natural forces present during walking. Three healthy subjects walked on the shoes for twenty minutes during which one GEMS generated a backward motion and the other GEMS generated a forward motion. Our preliminary experiments suggest that wearing the GEMS did cause subjects to modify coordination between the legs and these changes persisted when subjects returned to normal over-ground walking. The largest effects were observed in measures of temporal coordination (e.g., duration of double-support). These results suggest that the GEMS is capable of altering overground walking coordination in healthy controls and could potentially be used to correct gait asymmetries post-stroke.
From vehicle stability control to intelligent personal minder: Real-time vehicle handling limit warning and driver style characterization (2009)

This paper presents a novel approach to developing a driver advisory system that can warn the drivers of driving conditions close to the limit of vehicle handling. This advisory system utilizes intelligence inferred from vehicle states, measured signals, and the other computed variables used for active safety and vehicle control purposes. The onboard computing resources, algorithms, and sensors used to deduce such intelligence exist in today's electronic stability control systems.
Using viewing time to infer user preference in recommender systems (2004)

The need for effective technologies to help Web users locate items (information or products) is increasing as the amount of information on the Web grows. Collaborative filtering is one of the most successful techniques for making recommendations; however, most CF-based systems require explicit user ratings and a large quantity of usage history to function effectively. In addition, such systems typically rely on comparing a user to ‘similar ’ users encountered before. We develop and evaluate the idea that viewing time is an indicator of preference for attributes of items, and a recommendation system based on this idea. The system uses only the current user’s navigational data in conjunction with item property data to make recommendations. We also present empirical evidence that the system makes useful recommendations.
Stereoscopic Image Generation Based on Depth Images for 3D TV (2005)

A depth-image-based rendering system for generating stereoscopic images is proposed. One important aspect of the proposed system is that the depth maps are pre-processed using an asymmetric filter to smoothen the sharp changes in depth at object boundaries. In addition to ameliorating the effects of blocky artifacts and other distortions contained in the depth maps, the smoothing reduces or completely removes newly exposed (disocclusion) areas where potential artifacts can arise from image warping which is needed to generate images from new viewpoints. The asymmetric nature of the filter reduces the amount of geometric distortion that might be perceived otherwise. We present some results to show that the proposed system provides an improvement in image quality of stereoscopic virtual views while maintaining reasonably good depth quality.
SU‐FF‐T‐43: Feasibility of Using Radioactive Bone Cement to Treat Vertebral Metastases (2009)

Purpose: To evaluate the feasibility of using radioactive bone cement to deliver therapeutic radiation to the vertebral body without undue risk to the spinal cord, i.e. vertebral brachytherapy. Method and Materials: CT‐scan based Monte Carlo N‐Particle radiation transport models, consisting of a three‐dimensional rectangular lattice of 0.625×0.625×1.25‐mm voxels, were created of a T‐12 human cadaveric vertebra. Trabecular and cortical bone were both represented by a spectrum of thirty complementary volume fractions of solid cortical bone and bone marrow, and all soft tissue was represented as a single material. A cylindrical volume of radioactive bone cement was simulated within the model, and two candidate radioisotopes were studied: P‐32 and Sr‐89. Thirty million particle histories were simulated (MCNPX v.2.5.0) to characterize the dose distribution within the vertebral body. Results: The dose distributions for both radioisotopes were axisymmetric about the cement implant and rapidly decreased with increasing distance from the cement. Initial activities of 0.94 mCi and 0.51 mCi for P‐32 and Sr‐89, respectively, would deliver >300 Gy to bone within 1.6 mm of the cement implant and >80 Gy to bone within 2.8 mm, while keeping the dose at 3.4 mm under 45 Gy. Conclusion: The predicted dose distributions show that a therapeutic radiation dose would be delivered to all bone within ∼3 mm of the cement without undue risk to tissue beyond 3.4 mm (such as the spinal cord), indicating preliminary feasibility of this technique. With further development, this technology may yield a clinically‐feasible procedure that would eliminate the need for 10 radiotherapy sessions, making it convenient for the patient, while potentially improving the clinical outcome by delivering a higher dose to the tumor and a lower dose to the spinal cord than conventional radiotherapy. Conflict of Interest (only if applicable): Research sponsored by Bone‐Rad Therapeutics, Inc.
Differences in substrate specificities of alpha and beta platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) receptors. Correlation with their ability to mediate PDGF transforming functions (1993)

Recombinant expression of either the alpha or beta platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) receptors in 32D hematopoietic cells allows efficient coupling of PDGF with mitogenic and chemotactic signaling pathways inherently expressed by those cells. PDGF-BB stimulation of 32D-alpha R or beta R cells results in anti-P-Tyr recovery of cellular proteins possessing similar as well as distinct phosphotyrosine signals. Comparison of the ability of each receptor to couple with known second messengers revealed that both receptors associated with and/or tyrosine phosphorylated phospholipase C-gamma (PLC gamma) and phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (p85) with similar stoichiometry. However, the beta platelet-derived growth factor receptor (PDGFR) was significantly more efficient at in vivo tyrosine phosphorylation of GTPase-activating protein (GAP). Similar differences in binding affinity for GAP were observed in NIH/3T3 cells which express both receptors. To quantitate the affinities of each receptor for GAP or PLC gamma, we utilized baculovirus-expressed alpha and beta PDGFRs purified by anti-P-Tyr affinity chromatography. Exposure of immunoblots containing bacterially expressed GAP or PLC gamma to activated alpha or beta PDGF receptors led to a comparable high affinity binding of each receptor to PLC gamma, while the beta PDGFR showed a 5-fold higher binding affinity for GAP. In an effort to correlate differences in their substrate specificities with biological properties of the receptors, we compare their abilities to enhance PDGF-A transforming function in NIH/3T3 cells. Cotransfection of PDGF-A with the alpha PDGFR increased PDGF-A transforming activity by approximately 2-fold. However, cotransfection with a chimeric receptor with the catalytic domain of the beta PDGFR but possessing alpha PDGFR ligand binding properties resulted in 17-fold enhancement of PDGF-A transformation. These findings argue that differences in alpha and beta PDGF receptor substrate specificity in NIH/3T3 fibroblasts correlate with greater transforming activity mediated by the beta PDGFR.
Interstitial photodynamic therapy for primary prostate cancer incorporating real-time treatment dosimetry (2007)

Photodynamic therapy (PDT) for the treatment of prostate cancer has been demonstrated to be a safe treatment option capable of inducing tissue necrosis and decrease in prostate specific antigen (PSA). Research groups report on large variations in treatment response, possibly due to biological variations in tissue composition and short-term response to the therapeutic irradiation. Within our group, an instrument for interstitial PDT on prostate tissue that incorporates realtime treatment feedback is being developed. The treatment protocol consists of two parts. The first part incorporates the pre-treatment plan with ultrasound investigations, providing the geometry for the prostate gland and surrounding risk organs, an iterative random-search algorithm to determine near-optimal fiber positions within the reconstructed geometry and a Block-Cimmino optimization algorithm for predicting individual fiber irradiation times. During the second part, the therapeutic light delivery is combined with measurements of the light transmission signals between the optical fibers, thus monitoring the tissue effective attenuation coefficient by means of spatially resolved spectroscopy. These data are then used as input for repeated runs of the Block-Cimmino optimization algorithm. Thus, the irradiation times for individual fibers are updated throughout the treatment in order to compensate for the influence of changes in tissue composition on the light distribution at the therapeutic wavelength.
Three Three-Axis IEPE Accelerometers on the Inner Liner of a Tire for Finding the Tire-Road Friction Potential Indicators (2015)

Direct tire-road contact friction estimation is essential for future autonomous cars and active safety systems. Friction estimation methods have been proposed earlier for driving conditions in the presence of a slip angle or slip ratio. However, the estimation of the friction from a freely-rolling tire is still an unsolved topic. Knowing the existing friction potential would be beneficial since vehicle control systems could be adjusted before any remarkable tire force has been produced. Since accelerometers are well-known and robust, and thus a promising sensor type for intelligent tires, this study uses three three-axis IEPE accelerometers on the inner liner of a tire to detect friction potential indicators on two equally smooth surfaces with different friction levels. The equal roughness was chosen for both surfaces in order to study the friction phenomena by neglecting the effect of surface texture on vibrations. The acceleration data before the contact is used to differentiate the two friction levels between the tire and the road. In addition, the contact lengths from the three accelerometers are used to validate the acceleration data. A method to differentiate the friction levels on the basis of the acceleration signal is also introduced.
Look-Ahead Radar and Horizon Sensing for Coal Cutting Drums (2007)

Safe and efficient coal extraction requires advanced radar subsystems that can be mounted on cutting drums of coal mining machines. A look-ahead radar (LAR) must solve the radio geophysics problem of transmitting an electromagnetic (EM) wave through at least 6.1 m (20 ft) of coal to detect an air- or water-filled void. An up- or down-looking radar must determine the distance to the coal bed sedimentary rock boundary. The reflected EM wave from the void or boundary rock must be processed in real time in the radar electronics to determine the physical distance to the void or coal bed boundary. The distance determination requires the in situ measurement of the coal electrical conductivity or relative dielectric constant. Up or down (horizon) sensing enables selective cutting near the undulating sedimentary rock boundaries of the coal bed to address coal quality and ground control issues. Both sensors require subsystems for dynamic electric power generation, real-time measurement of antenna rotation angle, detection of weak coal-boundary reflected EM waves concurrently with the suppression of the significant larger first air-coal reflected wave, processing to determine distance through coal, and RF modem transmission of measured data from the cutting drum to the body of the mining machine and along the segmented or coiled-tubing drill pipe. This paper describes the development of the GPR subsystems and field test results.
A low-profile, vertically-polarized, compact, ultra-wideband antenna with a 10&#x2236;1 bandwidth (2014)

A compact, very low-profile ultra-wideband antenna is presented. The antenna has consistent monopole-like, radiation characteristics over a 10:1 bandwidth. This antenna consists of two main radiators where one radiator is a smaller scaled version of the other one. Each radiator has two parallel loops in the shape of a bent diamond connected to the ground plane at their ends. A properly designed feed network is used to feed the larger antenna at lower frequencies while feeding the smaller one at higher frequencies to improve the consistency of the radiation characteristics of the system over a very broad bandwidth. The proposed antenna has electrical dimensions of 0.24λ <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">min</sub> ×0.24λ <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">min</sub> ×0.042λ <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">min</sub> at its lowest frequency of operation and demonstrates monopole-like radiation characteristics over roughly a 10:1 bandwidth.
Susceptibility of Basil Cultivars and Breeding Lines to Downy Mildew (Peronospora belbahrii) (2010)

Downy mildew, caused by Peronospora belbahrii , is a new disease of basil ( Ocimum spp.) in the United States. In 2009, different basil species, cultivars, and advanced breeding lines of sweet basil (30 in total) were evaluated for susceptibility to basil downy mildew in field trials in southern and northern New Jersey. Popular commercial sweet basil cultivars such as Martina, Nufar, and Poppy Joe were among the most susceptible to downy mildew. Symptoms and sporulation of P. belhahrii on Ocimum × citriodorum and O. americanum cultivars were present but far less than on most O. basilicum cultivars evaluated. The cultivars Spice, Blue Spice, and Blue Spice Fil were the least susceptible to basil downy mildew with no visible symptoms. Similar results were observed in both field trials. This is the first report of potential resistance in Ocimum spp. to basil downy mildew. Observations from this study show that the development of resistant cultivars may be possible. Selection criteria such as foliar morphology, plant architecture as well as the presence of secondary metabolites are being examined as potential traits for developing downy mildew resistant basil cultivars.
Recovery Process Development for the Rare Earths from Permanent Magnet Scraps Leach Liquors (2015)

The current study deals with the recovery process development for the rare earths (REs), i.e., dysprosium (Dy) and neodymium (Nd), metals from permanent magnet scraps leach liquors.Its main objective is the recovery of the rare earths (Dy and Nd) from permanent magnet scraps (PMSs).Introdutory experiments were carried out to get leach liquor solution: oxidation/roasting, acid leaching, and precipitation methods implemented for PMSs dissolution.The obtained PMSs leach liquor was diluted ten times and used for present study.Di-2-ethylhexyl phosphoric acid (D2EHPA) was used as an extractant for recovery of the REs and kerosene as diluent system.The present study optimized the various experimental parameters such as the time influence on extraction process, influence of pH, extractant concentration, separation factors calculated, scrubbing, stripping, maximum loading capacity of the extractant, and various phase ratios as well as phase ratios influence on present metals separations.Loading capacity of D2EHPA and selective stripping process were developed for targeted metal ions by using various mineral acids such as hydrochloric, sulfuric and nitric acids.The metal content analysis in the aqueous samples was determined with inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometer (ICP OES) for sensitive and accurate data.
Characterization of a thyroid hormone receptor expressed in human kidney and other tissues. (1988)

A cDNA encoding a specific form of thyroid hormone receptor expressed in human liver, kidney, placenta, and brain was isolated from a human kidney library. Identical clones were found in human placenta and HepG2 cDNA libraries. The cDNA encodes a 490-amino acid protein (Mr, 54,824). When expressed and translated in vitro, the protein product binds triiodothyronine with Ka of 2.3 X 10(9) M-1. This protein, designated human thyroid hormone receptor type alpha 2 (hTR alpha 2), has the same domain structure as other members of the v-erbA-related superfamily of receptor genes. It is similar to thyroid hormone receptor type alpha described in chicken and rat and less similar to human thyroid hormone receptor type beta (formerly referred to as c-erbA beta) from placenta. However, it is distinguished from these receptors by an extension of the C-terminal hormone binding domain making it 80 amino acids longer than rat thyroid hormone receptor type alpha 1 [Thompson, C.C., Weinberger, C., Lebo, R. & Evans, R. M. (1987) Science 237, 1610-1614]. Different sizes of mRNA found in liver (2.5 kilobases) and kidney (2 kilobases) suggest there may be tissue-specific processing of the primary transcript of this gene. Identification of human thyroid hormone receptor type alpha 2 indicates that two or more forms of thyroid hormone receptor exist in human tissues and may explain the normal variation in thyroid hormone responsiveness of various organs and the selective tissue abnormalities found in the thyroid hormone resistance syndromes.
Passive Inter-Photon Imaging (2021)

Digital camera pixels measure image intensities by converting incident light energy into an analog electrical current, and then digitizing it into a fixed-width binary representation. This direct measurement method, while conceptually simple, suffers from limited dynamic range and poor performance under extreme illumination - electronic noise dominates under low illumination, and pixel full-well capacity results in saturation under bright illumination. We propose a novel intensity cue based on measuring inter-photon timing, defined as the time delay between detection of successive photons. Based on the statistics of inter-photon times measured by a time-resolved single-photon sensor, we develop theory and algorithms for a scene brightness estimator which works over extreme dynamic range; we experimentally demonstrate imaging scenes with a dynamic range of over ten million to one. The proposed techniques, aided by the emergence of single-photon sensors such as single-photon avalanche diodes (SPADs) with picosecond timing resolution, will have implications for a wide range of imaging applications: robotics, consumer photography, astronomy, microscopy and biomedical imaging.
Can a Tool That Automates Insulin Titration Be a Key to Diabetes Management? (2012)

The DIGS software provided patients with safe and effective weekly insulin dosage adjustments. Widespread implementation of DIGS may improve the outcome and reduce the cost of implementing effective insulin therapy.
<i>Methylosinus trichosporium</i> OB3b Mutants Having Constitutive Expression of Soluble Methane Monooxygenase in the Presence of High Levels of Copper (1992)

The methanotrophic bacterium Methylosinus trichosporium OB3b is unusually active in degrading recalcitrant haloalkanes such as trichloroethylene (TCE). The first and rate-limiting step in the degradation of TCE is catalyzed by a soluble methane monooxygenase (sMMO). This enzyme is not expressed when the cells are grown in the presence of copper at concentrations typically found in polluted groundwater. Under these conditions, M. trichosporium OB3b expresses a particulate form of the enzyme (pMMO), which has a narrow substrate specificity and does not degrade TCE at any significant rate. We have isolated M. trichosporium OB3b mutants that are deficient in pMMO and express sMMO constitutively in the presence of elevated concentrations of copper. One mutant (PP358) exhibited a TCE degradation rate which was almost twice as high as that of the wild-type strain grown under optimal conditions (without copper). All of the mutants lost the ability to express pMMO activity and to form stacked intracellular membranes characteristic of wild-type cells expressing pMMO.
Development of a Novel Enzymatic Cycling Assay for Total Homocysteine (2005)

Homocysteine (HCY) is a thiol-containing amino acid produced by the intracellular demethylation of the essential amino acid methionine. Intracellular HCY enters either the transsulfuration pathway or the remethylation cycle. When the enzymatic reactions involved in the 2 metabolic pathways of intracellular HCY are impaired, because of either genetic defects in enzymes for HCY metabolism or the nutritional deficiency of vitamins such as folate, B12, and B6, HCY accumulates in the cells and is exported to the circulation (1)(2)(3)(4). Approximately 80% of circulating HCY in the blood is protein bound by disulfide linkage (5). The remaining unbound HCY combines by oxidation, either with itself to form the dimer homocystine or with cysteine to form the mixed disulfide cysteine-HCY. Only a small amount circulates as free HCY. Total HCY (tHCY) represents the sum of all forms of HCY, including forms of oxidized HCY, protein bound, and free.

Highly increased concentrations of tHCY are found in persons with homocystinuria, a rare genetic disorder most commonly caused by a deficiency of cystathionine β-synthase. Typical clinical manifestations of patients with homocystinuria include mental retardation, early arteriosclerosis, and arterial and venous thromboembolism (4)(6). Other less severe genetic defects, including polymorphisms in genes encoding for enzymes that participate in HCY metabolism, such as methylenetetra-hydrofolate reductase (MTHFR) and methionine synthase, are also found in patients who have moderately increased plasma concentrations of HCY (7)(8).

Patients with chronic renal disease have high morbidity and mortality resulting from …
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis and Properties of Bis(2,2‐dimethylaziridinyl)phosphinic Amides: A Series of New Antineoplastic Agents. (1986)

Abstract Dimethylaziridin (I) liefert über (II) die Amide (III), die auf Wirkung gegen P388‐Leukämie geprüft werden.
On the measurement of SSB noise figure using sideband cancellation (1996)

A new method for determining the single-sideband noise figure of a device from double-sideband measurements is proposed which eliminates the need for tunable filters and hence greatly reduces the complexity and cost of performing accurate noise figure measurements. This paper compares results obtained to those obtained using a traditional single-sideband measurement system with a tuneable filter and provides a full error analysis of the new technique. The method also offers considerable possibilities for future use at higher (microwave) frequencies where YIG filters and image reject mixers are not readily available.