gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Multisampling of microgram quantities for infrared spectrometric analysis (1981)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTMultisampling of microgram quantities for infrared spectrometric analysisP. J. Zanzucchi and W. R. FrenchuCite this: Anal. Chem. 1981, 53, 7, 1145–1146Publication Date (Print):June 1, 1981Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 June 1981https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ac00230a059https://doi.org/10.1021/ac00230a059research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views18Altmetric-Citations1LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Recent improvements in bulk properties of ceramic superconductors (2021)

Ceramic superconductors are being considered for uses ranging from large-scale applications such as the generation, transmission, and storage of electricity to small-scale applications such as electronic circuitry. These applications require that the electrical, mechanical, and chemical properties of superconductors meet certain specifications. The properties of superconductors are strongly influenced by each step of the processing procedure, which includes powder processing to form the superconductor powder, shape forming to produce bulk superconductors in convenient shapes, and finally an appropriate heat treatment to yield good superconducting properties. In this paper, the processing procedures for Y-Ba-Cu-O, Bi-Sr-Ca-Cu-O, Tl-Ca-Ba-Cu-O will be reviewed. Improvements in the processing procedures, and the resulting improvements in the mechanical and electrical properties, will be discussed. In addition, several fabrication techniques will be described which have produced bulk conductors having critical current densities approaching those of thin films. 28 refs., 5 figs.
Single Sided Microwave Applicators for sealing Cartons (1985)

Single sided microwave applicators based on waveguide and stripline configurations were developed specifically for the purpose of sealing cartons by reheating previously applied “hotmelt”. Sealing times of less than half a second have been achieved.Slotted waveguide applicator positioned on beer carton to simultaneously heat four spots across the width.
Spectrum trading between virtual optical networks with time-varying traffic in an elastic optical network (2019)

Network virtualization can improve the utilization of a physical network by enabling the coexistence of multiple virtual networks supporting different services. For an elastic optical network, network virtualization would create a number of virtual optical networks (VONs) embedded in the same physical optical network. Conventionally, each of these VONs is allocated with a fixed amount of network resources. However, the traffic demand on a VON is usually dynamic, varying over time. This leads to a mismatch between the fixed resource assigned and the actual resource required by users. Therefore, some user services may be blocked and the quality of service provided by each VON may be degraded. To overcome the disadvantage caused by this mismatch, we propose a network resource-sharing scheme, called spectrum trading (ST), which trades spectrum resources between different VONs based on their actual capacity requirements, for better overall spectrum utilization. Integer linear programming (ILP) models are developed to model the different ST scenarios, and heuristic algorithms are developed to tackle ST in large networks. Simulation studies show that the proposed ST scheme is effective in significantly improving the total traffic demand carried by VONs by up to 20% in the test networks considered, while not bringing in any additional hardware cost.
Scalable Talbot lithography with an extreme ultraviolet table top laser (2011)

We present a size scalable nano-patterning scheme based on the Talbot effect with extreme ultraviolet laser illumination.
Development of radioactivity calculation method for nuclear power plant with radioactivity database (2014)

A new calculation method for radioactivity in a nuclear power plant is proposed. It can calculate radioactivity in shorter time than the conventional method with the same accuracy. The characteristic of the method is the effective usage of the radioactivity database applicable to the whole region of the plant. The database is provided for typical neutron irradiation conditions, cooling times and elemental compositions in a nuclear power plant by calculation with an isotope generation and depletion code such as ORIGEN-S. The effects of the method on both the time reduction and the calculation accuracy have been confirmed through application to an existing BWR in Japan. The calculation time can be shortened to around 1/4000 of the conventional method for a typical case.
Distribution of<i>In Vitro</i>Fermentation Ability of Lacto-<i>N</i>-Biose I, a Major Building Block of Human Milk Oligosaccharides, in Bifidobacterial Strains (2009)

This study investigated the potential utilization of lacto-N-biose I (LNB) by individual strains of bifidobacteria. LNB is a building block for the human milk oligosaccharides, which have been suggested to be a factor for selective growth of bifidobacteria. A total of 208 strains comprising 10 species and 4 subspecies were analyzed for the presence of the galacto-N-biose/lacto-N-biose I phosphorylase (GLNBP) gene (lnpA) and examined for growth when LNB was used as the sole carbohydrate source. While all strains of Bifidobacterium longum subsp. longum, B. longum subsp. infantis, B. breve, and B. bifidum were able to grow on LNB, none of the strains of B. adolescentis, B. catenulatum, B. dentium, B. angulatum, B. animalis subsp. lactis, and B. thermophilum showed any growth. In addition, some strains of B. pseudocatenulatum, B. animalis subsp. animalis, and B. pseudolongum exhibited the ability to utilize LNB. With the exception for B. pseudocatenulatum, the presence of lnpA coincided with LNB utilization in almost all strains. These results indicate that bifidobacterial species, which are the predominant species found in infant intestines, are potential utilizers of LNB. These findings support the hypothesis that GLNBP plays a key role in the colonization of bifidobacteria in the infant intestine.
Screening Methods for Aluminum Tolerance in Alfalfa (2011)

ABSTRACT Reliable phenotypic assays are essential to identify genetic variation for factors limiting crop productivity. Aluminum in the soil is highly phytotoxic and is a major limitation to crop production. Current methods to evaluate Al tolerance in alfalfa ( Medicago sativa L.) based on root characteristics are time consuming, labor intensive, and subject to microenvironmental variation. Our objective was to develop two rapid whole‐plant assays, one in culture media and one in soil, to evaluate acid and Al tolerance in alfalfa. The culture‐media method involved measuring root growth and architecture 2 wk after growing the plants in media at pH 7.0 without Al, pH 4.0 without Al, and pH 4.0 with Al. The greenhouse‐based soil method is simpler, faster, and more efficient than previously used soil assays. The two assays produced similar results, consistently distinguishing between Al‐sensitive and Al‐tolerant alfalfa genotypes in accord with previously described assays. These whole‐plant assay methods will enable the screening of breeding populations to improve Al tolerance and the dissection of the genetic determinants underlying variation in tolerance responses.
Fast summation transformation for battery impedance identification (2009)

A battery is an important subsystem for electrical energy storage in many military, space and commercial applications. Consequently, in-situ diagnostics for state-of-health estimation of the battery is also critical for enhancing the overall applications' reliability. Montana Tech, in collaboration with the Idaho National Laboratory (INL) and Qualtech Systems Inc. (QSI), has been working towards the development of advanced techniques for in-situ and real time estimation of a battery's impedance spectrum. INL has shown that the shift of a batteries impedance spectrum strongly correlates to the health of the battery. Two different methods for measurement of the battery impedance spectrum have been developed independently by Montana Tech, NL, and QSI. NL has developed an in-situ system, the Impedance Noise Identification (INI) method of using a random signal excitation to a battery for the purpose of measuring the spectrum of the battery impedance; it is high resolution but not real time. Montana Tech and QSI developed an in-situ system, Compensated Synchronous Detection (CSD) that is very near real time but trades off resolution for speed of measurement. New developments with CSD hold promise of an even faster and more accurate response. A new measurement and data processing technique has been developed, Fast Summation Transformation (FST). The FST technique uses a mathematical uniqueness similar to what was realized with the Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) to enable crosstalk elimination, speed of measurement, and speed of data processing. A prototype hardware system that is compatible with both the INI or CSD algorithms is now under development. Test results are continuously being compared to standardized measurement techniques such as electrochemical impedance spectroscopy. It is expected that the FST algorithm will be fully compatible with this hardware platform. This paper develops the theory of the algorithm and analytically validates it with computer simulations. It also provides preliminary testing results of the FST implementation on the CSD hardware platform.
Control of exchange coupling for direct overwrite media using Pd metal interlayer (1991)

Several kinds of direct overwrite schemes have been proposed for magneto-optic media. Schemes using weakly coupled multilayers have shown great promise. In these methods, control of exchange coupling is key to realizing overwrite. An intermediate layer between the memory and reference layers is used sometimes to control the degree of exchange coupling and interface wall energy density. For this purpose, GdFeCo layer having in-plane anisotropy has been used previously. However, it is easily oxidized. Also, these multilayer direct overwrite media are comprised of similar materials but with different concentrations of components. The components from one layer may diffuse into the adjacent layer, rendering direct overwrite impossible. We found that easily polarizable metals such as Pd can be used as an interlayer to control the degree of exchange interaction between memory and reference layers. Pd metal has no magnetic moment by itself, but a moment is induced on it when it is in proximity to a magnetic material. This induced magnetic moment can mediate the exchange interaction between the reference and memory layers. Since Pd is noble, a very thin layer of Pd (10–20 Å) is stable and prevents diffusion between the magnetic layers.
Stability and performance analysis of an adaptive sigma-delta modulator (2001)

This work develops an adaptive sigma-delta modulator that is based on adapting the quantizer step-size using estimates of the quantizer input rather than the modulator input. The adaptive modulator with a first-order noise shaping filter is shown to be bounded-input bounded-output stable. Moreover, an analytical expression for the signal-to-noise ratio is derived, and it is shown to be independent of the input signal strength. Simulation results confirm the signal-to-noise ratio performance and indicate considerable improvement in the dynamic range of the modulator compared to earlier structures.
An improved synthesis of chiral oxazolidine-2-selones: highly sensitive selenium-77 NMR reagents for the detection and quantitation of chirality (1991)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTAn improved synthesis of chiral oxazolidine-2-selones: highly sensitive selenium-77 NMR reagents for the detection and quantitation of chiralityLouis A. Silks III, Jie Peng, Jerome D. Odom, and R. Bruce DunlapCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1991, 56, 24, 6733–6736Publication Date (Print):November 1, 1991Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 November 1991https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo00024a003https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00024a003research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views176Altmetric-Citations47LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Promoter Methylation of <i>TSLC1</i> and Tumor Suppression by Its Gene Product in Human Prostate Cancer (2002)

We recently identified TSLC1, a tumor suppressor gene in human lung cancer. Gene silencing by promoter methylation has been observed frequently in adenocarcinoma of the lung, liver, and pancreas. Here, we demonstrate that TSLC1 expression is also absent or markedly reduced in 3 of 4 prostate cancer cell lines. Promoter sequences of TSLC1 were heavily methylated in PPC-1 cells that lacked TSLC1 expression, supporting the idea that promoter methylation is strongly correlated with complete loss of gene expression. Promoter sequences of TSLC1 were also methylated significantly in 7 of 22 (32%) primary prostate cancers. Hypermethylation of the promoter occurred not only in advanced tumors, but also in relatively early-stage tumors. Restoration of TSLC1 expression substantially suppressed tumor formation of PPC-1 cells in nude mice. These findings indicate that alteration of TSLC1 is involved in prostate cancer.
Development and initial validation of a virtual reality haptically augmented surgical knot-tying trainer for the Autosuture ENDOSTITCH instrument. (2009)

The Autosuture Endostitch device (Covidien, CT) is difficult to learn. In particular, the handle requires the use of a toggle which is unique in this instrument. We have developed a virtual reality trainer for the device that offers the use of the actual instrument handle while creating a visible virtual instrument tip complete with virtual needle and suture on a monitor. This report represents the development and initial validation experiments for the device.
Enhanced Hydrogen Storage Kinetics and Stability by Synergistic Effects of <i>in Situ</i> Formed CeH<sub>2.73</sub> and Ni in CeH<sub>2.73</sub>-MgH<sub>2</sub>-Ni Nanocomposites (2014)

Mg-based materials are promising candidates for high capacity hydrogen storage. However, their poor hydrogenation/dehydrogenation kinetics and high desorption temperature are the main obstacles to their applications. This paper reports a method for in situ formation of cycle stable CeH2.73-MgH2-Ni nanocomposites, from the hydrogenation of as-melt Mg80Ce18Ni2 alloy, with excellent hydrogen storage performance. The nanocomposites demonstrate reversible hydrogen storage capacity of more than 4.0 wt %, at a low desorption temperature with fast kinetics and long cycle life. The temperature for the full hydrogenation/dehydrogenation cycle of the composites is significantly decreased to 505 K, which is about 100 K lower than that for pure Mg. The hydrogen desorption activation energy is 63 ± 3 kJ/mol H2 for the composites, which is significantly lower than those of Mg3Ce alloy and pure Mg (104 ± 7 and 158 ± 2 kJ/mol H2, respectively). X-ray diffraction and transmission electron microscopy have been used to reveal the mechanism that delivers this excellent cycle stability and fast hydriding/dehydriding kinetics. It is found that the hydriding/dehydriding process is catalyzed by the combination of in situ formed extremely fine CeH2/CeH2.73 and Ni to Mg/MgH2. In addition, this nanocomposite structure can effectively suppress Mg/MgH2 grain growth and enable the material to maintain its high performance for more than 500 hydrogenation dehydrogenation cycles.
Dynamic Simulator for Training Clinical Breast Examination (2002)

Clinical breast examinations (CBE) play a role in the detection of breast cancers. However, most physicians receive inadequate training in tactile search of breast tissue to detect small (< 2 cm), hard tumors. The dynamic, variable-lump, silicone breast simulator was designed to improve physicians' CBE performance and increase tumor detection. Water inflates balloons embedded in formed silicone to simulate the presence of tumors and allow independent adjustment of tumor hardness. The advantage, compared to static models with five, non-movable tumors, is that training scenarios can be reconfigured and repeated until each trainee learns the subtle tactile cues associated with tumors. In a study of 48 medical students, training with the dynamic simulator increased the number of tumors found (F(42)=7.85, p=0.0077), reduced the number of false positives (F(42)=5.20, p=0.0277), and improved transfer of training. This advancement can allow CBE to become more reliable, consistent, and effective.
Gallium nitride on silicon for consumer and scalable photonics (2013)

Gallium Nitride (GaN) is a unique material system that has been heavily exploited for photonic devices thanks to ultraviolet-to-terahertz spectral tunability. However, without a cost effective approach, GaN technology is limited to laboratory demonstrations and niche applications. In this investigation, integration of GaN on Silicon (100) substrates is attempted to enable widespread application of GaN based optoelectronics. Controlled local epitaxy of wurtzite phase GaN on on-axis Si(100) substrates is demonstrated via metal organic chemical vapor deposition (MOCVD). CMOScompatible fabrication scheme is used to realize [SiO<sub>2</sub>-Si{111}-Si{100}] groove structures on conventional 200-mm Si(100) substrates. MOCVD growth (surface treatment, nucleation, initiation) conditions are studied to achieve controlled GaN epitaxy on such grooved Si(100) substrates. Scanning electron microscopy and transmission electron microscopy techniques are used to determine uniformity and defectivity of the GaN. Our results show that aforementioned groove structures along with optimized MOCVD growth conditions can be used to achieve controlled local epitaxy of wurtzite phase GaN on on-axis Si(100) substrates.
Synchronization algorithm for RFID-reader and its implementation (2015)

An algorithm for synchronization of a decoder of a RFID receiver has been proposed, implemented and evaluated, by experimental setup. The solution can be used for UHF RFID (e.g. ISO18000-6 and EPC gen 2) readers using FM0, bi-phase or differential Manchester decoding. Goal of the proposed solution is the improved decoding of the received data in the presence of noise (so by using less power or working at longer distance) by innovative synchronization techniques. Synchronization problem (and challenge) is caused by non-precise timing of the binary signals sent by simple passive RFID-tags. Hardware prototype has been developed for testing and evaluating of the RFID-reader synchronization algorithm for decoding of the binary information. The developed algorithm has been implemented as C/C++ code for DSP and can be evaluated, benchmarked and developed further, with real-world experimental data log files acquired with the developed hardware setup (also on PC). The proposed algorithm is based on the finding of the best correlation of the expected binary preamble (header) waveform of the communication packet with corresponding part of the received noisy signal, as used in other known solutions, with variation of the possibly expected timing parameters, e.g by using matched correlation (FIR) filter-banks. The idea of the proposed solution is to use additionally to maximum correlation of the received signal with the reference preamble waveform also the “quadrature” version of the reference (derived from the ideal preamble) signal, as the “quadrature” correlation has at the best match clear zero value and has change around this “zero” point. So using this additional “Q” correlation channel gives the opportunity to find the exact timing base (“bit duration”) more precisely. The proposed algorithm and the results of the evaluation of the solution with real-world data are described. Also, potential future developments of the solution are discussed.
Distributed service orchestration: Interweaving switch and service functions across domains (2016)

Orchestration across multiple domains is important for providing end-to-end services in software defined infrastructures. In this paper, we address the service function chain (SFC) mapping problem in a multi-domain network with nodes having different functions, i.e., service functions and/or switch functions. We present two different abstractions of the topology graph at the distributed orchestrators associated with each domain and propose vertex-centric distributed computing algorithms to compute SFC mappings. We implement the proposed algorithms in an open source vertex-centric distributed computing software, Giraph, and evaluate their performance.