gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Millimeter Wave Channel Estimation Based on Subspace Fitting (2018)

We consider the channel estimation of millimeter wave (mmWave) multiple-input multiple-output systems, where both the transmitter and receiver adopt hybrid beamforming structure. Due to the spatial sparsity of the mmWave channel, it can be reconstructed by estimating the direction and gain of the paths. Leveraging this feature, we propose a channel estimation algorithm based on subspace fitting to estimate the path directions, and the path gains are obtained using the least squares method. However, similar to the most existing mmWave channel estimation schemes, the proposed algorithm requires a two-dimensional search in candidate angle space, which is very complicated. In order to reduce the computational complexity, we develop a low-complexity channel estimation algorithm using the orthogonal matching pursuit (OMP) method, which significantly reduces the computational complexity. However, when the paths are strongly correlated, the channel estimation accuracy will decrease. To overcome this defect, we further develop a low-complexity method based on subspace fitting. This algorithm makes a trade-off between the computational complexity and channel estimation accuracy. Furthermore, the pilot beam pattern for different hybrid beamforming structure is designed using infinitely and quantized phase shifters to improve the signal-to-noise ratio of the pilot signals. In addition, the proposed channel estimation methods can also be used in the multi-user scenario. Simulation results demonstrate that the proposed subspace fitting method outperforms the existing methods when the angular resolution is the same. Meanwhile, the low-complexity OMP and subspace fitting methods have a good performance in single path scenario when compared to subspace fitting method, even if the computation complexity is lower. Moreover, the performance of the low-complexity subspace fitting method is close to the subspace fitting method.
Corrosion of Molybdenum in Cooling Water (2013)

Cooling water from the PVD system can cause severe corrosion of molybdenum (Mo) sputtering targets. In the cooling water circuit there is often a direct contact of molybdenum with other components mainly consisting of copper and brass that can enhance the corrosive attack. The aim of this paper was to determine the corrosive effect of different water qualities on molybdenum at various temperatures and with various material combinations (Mo, Mo/Cu). In addition, the influence of different corrosion inhibitors was investigated.
Analysis of dynamic lateral response for a multi-axle-steering tractor and trailer (2003)

The aim of this study is to present a theoretical analysis of the directional dynamics for an active multi-axle-steering tractor and full-trailer. It can be applied to on-road and off-road vehicles. In this paper, a linear yaw plane model is established to analyse the effect of an additional steering wheel in the front axle of the full-trailer on its performance characteristics, including the directional response simulation during lane change at high speed and a 90-degree turn. The use of additional steering axle on the full-trailer is shown to increase the directional stability, reduce lateral force during steady turning. The control algorithm of multiple steering axles for a tractor and full-trailer front wheels is investigated using the tractor zero sideslip angle criteria. Moreover, the critical speed of the system related to the location of the steer axle for a full-trailer is examined in detail.
Semisynthesis of Complex-Type Biantennary Oligosaccharides Containing Lactosamine Repeating Units from a Biantennary Oligosaccharide Isolated from a Natural Source (2017)

Poly-N-acetyllactosamine (poly-LacNAc) structures on glycoproteins play important roles in essential biological events such as cell-cell adhesion. Here, we report a new strategy for the semisynthesis of LacNAc-extended complex-type biantennary oligosaccharides. We found an efficient isopropylidenation reaction that selectively protects the terminal Gal-3,4-OH of a biantennary complex-type nonasaccharide isolated from a natural source. This finding enabled the conversion of the nonasaccharide into the two types of oligosaccharides containing di-LacNAc units at one or two antennae via ten-step chemical sequences.
Restricting access with certificate attributes in multiple root environments - a recipe for certificate masquerading (2005)

The issue of certificate masquerading against the SSL protocol is pointed out in Hayes (1998). In Hayes, various forms of server certificate masquerading are identified. It should also be noted that the attack described is a man-in-the-middle (MITM) attack that requires direct manipulation of the SSL protocol. This paper is a mirror of Hayes and involves client certificate masquerading. The motivation for this paper comes from the fact that this anomaly has shown up in commercial products. It is potentially more damaging than in Hayes since a MITM attack is not involved and the only requirement is that the application trust a given root certificate authority (CA). The problem arises when applications use multiple roots that do not cross-certify. The problem is further exacerbated since the applications themselves do not have the ability to apply external name constraints and policies. Unfortunately, the problem is a fairly well known problem, within the public key infrastructure (PKI) community, but continues to persist in practice despite this knowledge.
Sim2Real Viewpoint Invariant Visual Servoing by Recurrent Control (2018)

Humans are remarkably proficient at controlling their limbs and tools from a wide range of viewpoints. In robotics, this ability is referred to as visual servoing: moving a tool or end-point to a desired location using primarily visual feedback. In this paper, we propose learning viewpoint invariant visual servoing skills in a robot manipulation task. We train a deep recurrent controller that can automatically determine which actions move the end-effector of a robotic arm to a desired object. This problem is fundamentally ambiguous: under severe variation in viewpoint, it may be impossible to determine the actions in a single feedforward operation. Instead, our visual servoing approach uses its memory of past movements to understand how the actions affect the robot motion from the current viewpoint, correcting mistakes and gradually moving closer to the target. This ability is in stark contrast to previous visual servoing methods, which assume known dynamics or require a calibration phase. We learn our recurrent controller using simulated data, synthetic demonstrations and reinforcement learning. We then describe how the resulting model can be transferred to a real-world robot by disentangling perception from control and only adapting the visual layers. The adapted model can servo to previously unseen objects from novel viewpoints on a real-world Kuka IIWA robotic arm. For supplementary videos, see: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=oLgM2Bnb7fo.
The LAMA planner (2010)

LAMA is a classical planning system based on heuristic forward search. Its core feature is the use of a pseudo-heuristic derived from landmarks, propositional formulas that must be true in every so...
A Novel Computational Approach for Simultaneous Tracking and Feature Extraction of<i>C. elegans</i>Populations in Fluid Environments (2008)

The nematode Caenorhabditis elegans (C. elegans) is a genetic model widely used to dissect conserved basic biological mechanisms of development and nervous system function. C. elegans locomotion is under complex neuronal regulation and is impacted by genetic and environmental factors; thus, its analysis is expected to shed light on how genetic, environmental, and pathophysiological processes control behavior. To date, computer-based approaches have been used for analysis of C. elegans locomotion; however, none of these is both high resolution and high throughput. We used computer vision methods to develop a novel automated approach for analyzing the C. elegans locomotion. Our method provides information on the position, trajectory, and body shape during locomotion and is designed to efficiently track multiple animals (C. elegans) in cluttered images and under lighting variations. We used this method to describe in detail C. elegans movement in liquid for the first time and to analyze six unc-8, one mec-4, and one odr-1 mutants. We report features of nematode swimming not previously noted and show that our method detects differences in the swimming profile of mutants that appear at first glance similar.
Digital confocal microscope (2012)

We demonstrate experimentally a scanning confocal microscopy technique based on digital holography. The method relies on digital holographic recording of the scanned spot. The data collected in this way contains all the necessary information to digitally produce three-dimensional images. Several methods to treat the data are presented. Examples of reflection and transmission images of epithelial cells and mouse brain tissue are shown.
Cardiovascular risk factors as determinants of cerebral blood flow – a cross-sectional and 6-year follow-up study (2020)

<b>Purpose:</b> The parameters of cerebral blood flow are modulated by many factors. The aim of the study was to prospectively assess the relationship between the number of the established cardiovascular risk factors and hemodynamic parameters of cerebral blood flow.<b>Material and methods:</b> The study was cross-sectional baseline and 6-year follow-up data analysis. We analyzed data regarding cardiovascular risk factors, medications use, and ultrasonographically (transcranial Doppler) obtained mean cerebral blood flow velocity (mCBFV), pulsatility (PI), resistance (RI) indexes of middle cerebral artery.<b>Results:</b> After 6.0 ± 0.6 years of follow-up, there was increase in systolic (<i>p</i> = .047), and decrease in diastolic (<i>p</i> = .005) blood pressure, resulting in greater pulse pressure (<i>p</i> < .001). Although intima-media thickness increased during follow-up (<i>p</i> = .019), PI, RI and mCBFV did not differ between baseline and follow-up. In the cohort without follow-up (<i>n</i> = 112), we observed strong association between number of studied cardiovascular risk factors and lower mCBFV, and higher PI and RI (all <i>p</i> < .001), in the cohort with 6 year follow-up (<i>n</i> = 53), we confirmed similar association for mCBFV and PI (<i>p</i> = .002) at baseline, and mCBFV (<i>p</i> = .024) after follow-up. During follow-up, more patients were treated with vasoactive medications (<i>p</i> < .05). Also the median (interquartile range) of total number of taken drugs at follow-up 2 (1-3) was greater than at baseline 1 (0-2), (<i>p</i> < .001). The addition of vasoactive medications during follow-up was associated with increase of the mCBFV (0.012 ± 0.02 m/s, <i>p</i> = .013).<b>Conclusion:</b> The parameters of the cerebral blood flow are adversely influenced by accretion of cardiovascular risk factors, both at baseline and after 6 years of follow-up. The addition of a vasoactive medication during follow-up is associated with an increase of the mCBFV, a possibly beneficial effect.
Avatar: A Framework to Support Dynamic Security Analysis of Embedded Systems’ Firmwares (2014)

International audience
Bioactive Molecules Used in Biomimetic Scaffolds: The Recent Progress in the Angiogenesis of Thick Tissue Engineering (2013)

Because of the rising demand for replacing failure organs in transplantation therapy, tremendous efforts have been made to reconstruct entire organs using tissue engineering. However, most successes have been restricted in avascular or thin tissues. For thicker tissues, oxygen and nutrients are harder to diffuse into implants and sustain cellular viability. Therefore, numerous attempts have been made to induce vascularization in engineered tissues, which focus on cellcell and cell-scaffold interactions, respectively. This review focuses on current researches in the field of biomimetic scaffold promoting the cell-scaffold interactions. Bioactive molecules, such as angiogenic growth factors, extracellular matrix proteins or adhesive peptides derived from them, either released from or attached to various scaffolds to stimulate endothelial cells to form lumen and vascular sprouting in vitro. With or without pro-seeding, the scaffolds could induce neovascularization and microvascular network anastomosis with the host circulation in vivo in varying degrees. This strategy is a big step forward towards the promotion of angiogenesis in vascular-insufficient tissues. Based on the achieved developments, more effective strategies have been developed for attaining the functional vascularized constructs. Keywords: Angiogenesis, bioactive molecules, growth factor, peptide, protein, scaffold
RNA primary sequence or secondary structure in the translational initiation region controls expression of two variant interferon-beta genes in Escherichia coli. (1990)

Efficient expression in Escherichia coli (E. coli) of the human interferon-beta gene (IFN-beta) gene and of a chemically synthesized IFN-beta gene variant (506 base pairs; synIFN-beta) adapted to the E. coli codon usage, both fused to the E. coli atpE ribosome-binding site, is controlled either by primary sequence or by mRNA secondary-structure in the translational initiation region. High level expression of the natural human atpE/IFN-beta gene fusion is governed by the nucleotide composition preceding the initiator codon AUG. A single U----C exchange in the -2 or -1 position preceding the initiator codon AUG reduces the translational efficiency from 18% of total cellular protein to only 8% or 4%, respectively, while both U----C substitutions reduce IFN-beta expression below 1%. These sequence alterations interfere with efficient ribosome binding as revealed by toeprinting. They provide further evidence for the influence of the anticodon-flanking regions of tRNA(fMet) upon the initiation rate of translation. In contrast, translation of the synthetic variant atpE/synIFN-beta gene fusion is controlled by a moderately stable stem-loop structure (delta G = -4 kcal/mol; 37 degrees C) located within the coding region and overlapping the 30 S ribosomal subunit attachment site. That the stability of the hairpin interferes with the initiation of translation is inferred from site-directed mutagenesis and toeprint analyses. mRNA half-life in these variants is positively correlated with the rate of translation and involves two major endonucleolytic cleavage site 5'-upstream of the Shine-Dalgarno region.
Data transmission through distribution transformers without bypass components (2010)

Distribution transformers are generally assumed to block high frequency power line carrier signals and to require bypass networks where these signals must pass through a transformer. In a companion paper , distribution transformers have been shown to be relatively transparent at some frequencies opening the possibility of exploiting these transmission windows for the purposes of communication. In this work, we use software-defined radio methods to experimentally demonstrate that a direct-sequence spreads-pectrum (DSSS) data signal may be transmitted through multiple distribution transformers without the use of any bypass components. These techniques have been demonstrated at ~1kb/s data rates in both residential and large commercial settings using primarily open-source hardware and software.
Curricular Alignment: A Re-Examination (2002)

(2002). Curricular Alignment: A Re-Examination. Theory Into Practice: Vol. 41, Revising Bloom's Taxonomy, pp. 255-260.
5.2 A 110dB SNR ADC with ±30V input common-mode range and 8μV Offset for current sensing applications (2015)

This paper presents a high-resolution 110dB SNR ΔΣ ADC that achieves a ±30V input common-mode voltage range (CMVR) while powered from a single 5V supply. This beyond-the-rails capability is obtained by employing a capacitively coupled high-voltage (HV) chopper at the input of a switched-capacitor (SC) ΔΣ ADC. Furthermore, the use of correlated double sampling and system-level chopping results in a maximum offset of 8uV over the full CMVR. In contrast to a recent HV ADC [1], the ADC exhibits 30dB more resolution, while its CMVR extends below the negative rail.
Development of a VRLA battery for high temperature applications (2002)

A hot, dry desert climate provides some of the worst environmental conditions in which to operate valve regulated lead acid (VRLA) batteries. In an effort to increase battery life in uncontrolled, high temperature environments, Johnson Controls Battery Group, Inc. (JCBGI) has developed a field and lab test program to investigate the effect of several key design parameters on battery life. This investigation primarily focuses on developing improved product life of current absorbent glass mat (AGM) technology product. The goals of this project are to develop a robust design which meets an acceptable and realistic float life in high temperature environments without sacrificing discharge capacity. The design criteria were based on developing value added enhancements to current product designs and manufacturing capabilities to produce a high heat resistant VRLA product.
A radiographical and biomechanical study of demineralized bone matrix implanted into a bone defect of rat femurs with and without bone marrow. (1991)

Repair of large bone defects represents a challenge to orthopedic surgery since autogenous graft is not available in large amounts. Demineralized bone matrix (DBM) which contains bone morphogenic protein, a potent osteoinductive glycoprotein, and collagen, an osteoconductive matrix, may be an effective substitute for these graft materials. Bone marrow which contains osteoprogenitor cells could potentiate the osteoinductive and osteoconductive properties of demineralized bone matrix. This study tested the ability of demineralized bone matrix with and without bone marrow to bridge large segmental defects, and evaluated the results both radiographically and biomechanically as compared to autogenous (isogeneic) cancellous bone graft. Demineralized bone-matrix segments implanted into a plated femoral segmental defect in rats resulted in firm union in most animals. Bone marrow significantly enhanced bone formation of demineralized bone-matrix implants at an early stage but with time, differences between bone marrow-augmented and bone marrow-deprived demineralized bone implants were no longer demonstrable radiographically and biomechanically. Newly formed bone had about 50% of the strength of the contralateral control bones. Femurs implanted with cancellous bone isografts had similar evidence of absolute union rate, radiographic and mechanical properties as DBM-implanted femurs.
Automatic aircraft recognition and identification (2005)

Aircraft recognition remains a challenging problem despite a great deal of effort to automate the recognition process. The majority of the aircraft recognition methods assume the successful isolation of the aircraft silhouette from the background, and only a few have actually addressed real world concerns, such as occlusion, clutter and shadows. This thesis presents an automatic aircraft recognition system, which shows improved performance with complex images. This system assumes from the start that the image could possibly be degraded, contain occlusions, clutter, camouflage, shadows and blurring. It is designed to tolerate and overcome the degradations at various analysis stages. The first part of the thesis focuses on the generic aircraft recognition problem using a generic description of aircraft parts and the geometric relationships that exist among them. The system implements line groupings in a hierarchical fashion, progressively leading towards a generic aircraft structure. A voting scheme is used to consolidate line groupings belonging to an aircraft while discouraging the formation of spurious line groupings. The aircraft identification process is carried out in the second part of the thesis, where the generically recognised aircraft is matched to model candidates. Model matching is carried out via pixellevel silhouette boundary matching. The system is tested on numerous real aircraft, scaled-down model aircraft and non-aircraft images with adverse image conditions. The developed system achieves a recognition rate of 84% at a false alarm rate of 7% on real aircraft images, and an correct matching rate of about 90% and a false matching rate of 7% on the generically recognised aircraft from model aircraft images.
Characterization of a Microhollow Cathode Discharge Plasma in Helium or Air with Water Vapor (2013)

Microhollow cathode discharge (MHCD) plasmas were generated in gas mixtures containing water vapor at pressures of up to 100 kPa of He or 20 kPa of air. The cathode diameter was 1.0 mm with a length of 2.0 mm. The electrical characteristics showed an abnormal glow mode. Spectroscopic measurements were carried out to examine the plasma and radicals. An analysis of the spectral profile of Hα at 656.3 nm enabled a derivation of the electron densities, namely 2×1014 cm−3 (at 10 kPa) and 6×1014 cm−3 (at 4 kPa) for the helium and air atmospheres, respectively, in the negative glow region. By comparing the observed OH radical spectra with those calculated by the simulation code LIFBASE, the gas temperature was deduced to be 900 K for 4 kPa of He at a discharge current of 50 mA.
Camu‐camu <i>Myrciaria dubia</i> (HBK) McVaugh: Chemical composition of fruit (1993)

Abstract Abstract : The chemical composition of the Peruvian camu‐camu fruit Myrciaria dubia (HBK) McVaugh was analysed at three stages of maturity (immature, midripe and ripe). As fruit matured, levels of ascorbic and dehydroascorbic acids, reducing sugars (fructose and glucose were the major sugars), amino acids (serine, valine and leucine) and soluble solids increased. Citric acid was the major acid (from 19.8 up to 29.8 g kg −1 ) and was responsible for the fruit's sour taste. Unlike citric acid, malic acid increased with maturation. Among the macronutrients, potassium was the most abundant mineral (711 mg kg −1 ) and could be considered, like vitamin C, nutritionally significant. During maturation, the fruit pulp colour turned from yellow‐green to pink, presumably due to the migration of anthocyanin pigments from the peel.
Assessment methods in human body composition (2008)

There is an ongoing need to perfect methods that provide information beyond mass and structure (static measures) to kinetic measures that yield information on metabolic and biological functions. On the basis of the wide range of measurable properties, analytical methods and known body composition models, clinicians and scientists can quantify a number of body components and with longitudinal assessment, can track changes in health and disease with implications for understanding efficacy of nutritional and clinical interventions, diagnosis, prevention, and treatment in clinical settings. With the greater need to understand precursors of health risk beginning in childhood, a gap exists in appropriate in-vivo measurement methods beginning at birth.