gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Charge-to-Alanine Mutagenesis of the Adeno-Associated Virus Type 2 Rep78/68 Proteins Yields Temperature-Sensitive and Magnesium-Dependent Variants (1999)

The adeno-associated virus type 2 (AAV) replication (Rep) proteins Rep78 and 68 (Rep78/68) exhibit a number of biochemical activities required for AAV replication, including specific binding to a 22-bp region of the terminal repeat, site-specific endonuclease activity, and helicase activity. Individual and clusters of charged amino acids were converted to alanines in an effort to generate a collection of conditionally defective Rep78/68 proteins. Rep78 variants were expressed in human 293 cells and analyzed for their ability to mediate replication of recombinant AAV vectors at various temperatures. The biochemical activities of Rep variants were further characterized in vitro by using Rep68 His-tagged proteins purified from bacteria. The results of these analyses identified a temperature-sensitive (ts) Rep protein (D40,42,44A-78) that exhibited a delayed replication phenotype at 32 degrees C, which exceeded wild-type activity by 48 h. Replication activity was reduced by more than threefold at 37 degrees C and was undetectable at 39 degrees C. Stability of the Rep78 protein paralleled replication levels at each temperature, further supporting a ts phenotype. Replication differences resulted in a 3-log-unit difference in virus yields between the permissive and nonpermissive temperatures (2.2 x 10(6) and 3 x 10(3), respectively), demonstrating that this is a relatively tight mutant. In addition to the ts Rep mutant, we identified a nonconditional mutant with a reduced ability to support viral replication in vivo. Additional characterization of this mutant demonstrated an Mg(2+)-dependent phenotype that was specific to Rep endonuclease activity and did not affect helicase activity. The two mutants described here are unique, in that Rep ts mutants have not previously been described and the D412A Rep mutant represents the first mutant in which the helicase and endonuclease functions can be distinguished biochemically. Further understanding of these mutants should facilitate our understanding of AAV replication and integration, as well as provide novel strategies for production of viral vectors.
2,4-Dichlorophenoxyacetic Acid Detection Using 2,4-Dichlorophenoxyacetic Acid .alpha.-Ketoglutarate Dioxygenase (1995)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXT2,4-Dichlorophenoxyacetic Acid Detection Using 2,4-Dichlorophenoxyacetic Acid .alpha.-Ketoglutarate DioxygenaseYongxiang. Gu, David B. Knaebel, Roger A. Korus, and Ronald L. CrawfordCite this: Environ. Sci. Technol. 1995, 29, 6, 1622–1627Publication Date (Print):June 1, 1995Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 June 1995https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/es00006a028https://doi.org/10.1021/es00006a028research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views85Altmetric-Citations3LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
A novel expert classifier approach to pre-screening obstructive sleep apnea during wakefulness (2014)

Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is a widespread disorder that is cumbersome to diagnose using the goldstandard, overnight polysomnography (PSG). This paper highlights further development of our Awake-OSA method for predicting whether someone has severe sleep apnea using breath sounds recorded during wakefulness. We propose the use of an expert classification approach that consists of individual majority-voting classifiers. Each classifier is trained to distinguish one class of subject from all other classes. The outcomes of these classifiers are, in turn, combined using a truth matrix to determine the final outcome. Using the breath sound features of 249 subjects, the classifiers attempted to classify 180 subjects as either non-OSA (AHI less than 5) or severe-OSA (AHI greater than 30). 79% and 75% of OSA and non-OSA subjects, respectively, could be classified. Of those classified, the resultant testing sensitivity and specificity were found to be 78% and 86%, respectively. The consistency of the testing to training accuracies indicates the robustness and generalizability of using multiple expert classifiers on the dataset. This technique has the potential to be used in a doctor's office to rapidly and cheaply pre-screen for OSA, so that physicians may be better able to determine which patients are in need of overnight PSG.
Skin friction measurements by a new nonintrusive double-laser-beam oil viscosity balance technique (1980)

A portable dual-laser-beam interferometer that nonintrusively measures skin friction by monitoring the thickness change of an oil film subject to shear stress is described. The method is an advance over past versions in that the troublesome and error-introducing need to measure the distance to the oil leading edge and the starting time for the oil flow has been eliminated. The validity of the method was verified by measuring oil viscosity in the laboratory, and then using those results to measure skin friction beneath the turbulent boundary layer in a low-speed wind tunnel. The dual-laser-beam skin friction measurements are compared with Preston tube measurements, with mean velocity profile data in a 'law-of-the-wall' coordinate system, and with computations based on turbulent boundary-layer theory. Excellent agreement is found in all cases. This validation and the aforementioned improvements appear to make the present form of the instrument usable to measure skin friction reliably and nonintrusively in a wide range of flow situations in which previous methods are not practical.
Recent advances in thiophene-based molecular actuators (2003)

A new class of molecular actuators where bulk actuation mechanisms such as ion intercalation are enhanced by controllable single molecule conformational rearrangements offers great promise to exhibit large active strains at moderate stresses. Initial activation of poly(quarterthiophene) based molecular muscles, for example, show active strains in the order of 20%. Molecular rearrangements in these conjugated polymers are believed to be driven by the formation of pi-dimers (e.g. the tendency of pi orbitals to align due to Pauli’s exclusion principle) upon oxidation of the material creating thermodynamically stable molecular aggregates. Such thiophene based polymers, however, suffer from being brittle and difficult to handle. Polymer composites of the active polymer with a sulfated polymeric anion were therefore created and studied to increase the mechanical robustness of the films. This additional polyelectrolyte is a Sulfated Poly-Beta-Hydroxy Ether (S-PHE) designed to form a supporting elastic matrix for the new contractile compounds. Co-deposition of the polyanion with the conducting polymer material provides an elastic mechanical support to the relatively stiff conjugated polymer molecules, thus reducing film brittleness. The active properties of such poly(quarterthiophene)/S-PHE polymer actuator composites based on intrinsic molecular contractile units are presented and discussed.
High-sensitivity nanocomposite resist materials for x-ray and EUV lithography (2003)

Novel positive nanocomposite photoresists for X-ray lithography (XRL) and Extreme Ultraviolet lithography (EUVL) have been developed. In this work, resists containing acrylate monomers, organic-inorganic hybrid nanoparticles and a photo acid generator (PAG) were prepared by varying the compositions of the components. It was observed that the nanophotoresists were suitable for XRL and EUVL. The new resists exhibit all characteristics for NGL viz. defect free thin film formation <100 nm and show high sensitivity (1.0 - 1.2 mJ/cm<sup>2</sup>) and contrast (γ=4.9). This significant increase in sensitivity should lead to an enormous cost reduction of the XRL and EUVL processes as well as high-resolution sub-100 nm features.
Visualizing the photonic band gap in hollow core photonic crystal fibers (2005)

The light radiated from the guided mode of a hollow core photonic crystal fiber into free space is measured as a function of angle and wavelength. This enables the direct experimental visualization of the photonic band gap and the identification of localized modes of the core region.
Detection and analysis of depolarization artifacts in rotating-compensator polarimeters (2001)

Absolute constraints, namely, the Schwarz inequality and a complementary expression derived by us, are used to obtain corresponding absolute constraints on the Fourier coefficients of the intensity transmitted through rotating-compensator polarimeters and ellipsometers. These expressions allow the investigation of artifacts that result in mixed or apparently mixed polarization states over the cross section of the beam, the averaging time of the detector, or the frequency passband of the dispersing element. Examples include multiple internal reflections or inhomogeneous strain within an element, scattered light, and other types of system and component defects that cannot be accessed by means of polarization-state data alone. We apply these results to our polarizer-sample-compensator-analyzer (PSCA) ellipsometer to illustrate capabilities. A simple analytic model is shown to give a quantitative description of depolarization in systems for which the resolution is finite and the retardation varies with wavelength.
Enhancement of AlGaN/GaN High Electron Mobility Transistor Off-State Drain Breakdown Voltage via Backside Proton Irradiation (2014)

Proton irradiations from the backside of the AlGaN/GaN high electron mobility transistors (HEMTs) were employed to enhance its off-state drain breakdown voltage. Via holes were fabricated directly under the active area of the HEMTs by etching through the Si substrate for the backside irradiations. The steep drop at the end of proton energy loss profile allows radiation-induced defects to be placed at precise locations within the AlGaN/GaN HEMT structure. Neither degradation of drain current nor enhancement of off-state drain voltage breakdown voltage was observed for the HEMTs irradiated with the proton energy of 225 or 275 keV, for which the defects were put in the GaN buffer. HEMTs with defects placed in the two dimensional electron gas (2DEG) channel region and the AlGaN barrier, using 330 or 340 keV irradiations, not only showed degradations on drain current and extrinsic transconductance but also demonstrated improvements of the off-state drain breakdown voltage.
High core count single-mode multicore fiber for dense space division multiplexing (2016)

Multicore fibers and few-mode fibers have the potential to realize dense-space-division multiplexing systems. Several dense-space-division multiplexing system transmission experiments over multicore fibers and few-mode fibers have been demonstrated so far. Multicore fibers, including recent results by our group, are reviewed in this paper.
B(C<sub>6</sub>F<sub>5</sub>)<sub>3</sub> Activation of Oxo Tungsten Complexes That Are Relevant to Olefin Metathesis (2013)

We have found that coordination of B(C6F5)3 to an oxo ligand in tungsten oxo alkylidene bis(aryloxide) complexes, where the aryloxide is O-2,6-(mesityl)2C6H3 (HMTO) or 2,6-diadamantyl-4-methylphenoxide (dAdPO), accelerates the formation of metallacyclobutane complexes from alkylidenes as well as the rearrangement of metallacyclobutane complexes. In contrast, a tungstacyclopentane complex, W(O)(C4H8)(OHMT)2, is relatively stable toward rearrangement in the presence of B(C6F5)3. A careful balance of steric factors allows a single isomer of W(O)(trans-4,4-dimethylpent-2-ene)(dAdPO)2 to be formed from W(O)(CH-t-Bu)(dAdPO)2 in the presence of both ethylene and B(C6F5)3.
Construction and Decoding of Product Codes with Non-Systematic Polar Codes (2019)

Product codes are widespread in optical communications, thanks to their high throughput and good error-correction performance. Systematic polar codes have been recently considered as component codes for product codes. In this paper, we present a novel construction for product polar codes based on non-systematic polar codes. We prove that the resulting product code is actually a polar code, having a frozen set that is dependent on the frozen sets of the component polar codes. We propose a low-complexity decoding algorithm exploiting the dual nature of the constructed code. Performance analysis and simulations show high decoding speed, that allows to construct long codes while maintaining low decoding latency. The resulting high throughput and good error-correction performance are appealing for optical communication systems and other systems where high throughput and low latency are required.
Nonhazardous Direct Oxidation of Hydrogen to Hydrogen Peroxide Using a Novel Membrane Catalyst (2001)

Nonhazardous and highly selective H2O2 production! An H2-permselective membrane (2) has been developed which consists of thin films of Pd–Ag alloy (2b) and oxidized Pd (2c), and a hydrophobic polymer membrane (2d) supported on a tubular membrane (2a) within a reactor wall (1). Hydrogen atoms permeate through the membrane and react with molecular O2 in a liquid medium (LM; 2 M H2SO4).
Photoelectric System for Measuring Mechanical Damage of Corn (1977)

ABSTRACT A method of quantifying the degree of mechanical injury in a sample of grain was developed by Christenbury (1975). This method for measuring me-chanical damage to kernels, such as corn, included applying a reacting solution to a sample of grain. The solution selectively reacts with the damaged por-tions of the grain; viz. the internal protein exposed when the outer shell is penetrated or breached. The reacting solution formed fluorescing bonds with pro-tein. Excess solution was washed off and the kernels were dried for convenience of handling. The dried corn was ground to a uniform fineness and spread over a predetermined area. The sample was exposed to ultra-violet light and induced fluorescence was measured. What was inherently a three-dimensional or volume phenomenon (damage) was transposed to a two-dimensional or area measurement. The output of the measuring system was linearly related to, and thus a measure of, the mechanical damage of the sample.
Low-cost and cleanroom-free fabrication of microneedles (2018)

Abstract We present a facile, low-cost and cleanroom-free technique for the fabrication of microneedles using molds created by laser ablation. Microneedle mold with high aspect ratios is achieved on acrylic sheet by engraving a specific pattern of crossover lines (COL) using CO 2 laser cutter. Ablating COL pattern on the acrylic sheet creates a sharp conical shape in the center of the design. We have shown that a variety of microneedle shapes with different heights and tip angles can be easily achieved by changing the number and the length of the COL. Polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) microneedles were fabricated by casting the PDMS on the mold. The resulted PDMS microneedles are oxygen plasma treated and then silanized. Another PDMS layer is casted on PDMS microneedles and detached after curing. The silanization prevents those two layers of PDMS from bonding to each other and makes them easily detachable. After detachment of the PDMS mold of microneedles, the mold is used to fabricate degradable polyvinyl alcohol microneedle patch suitable for transdermal drug delivery. The release kinetics of the needles are also shown and discussed in order to prove the applicability of the needles.
Thermal Conductivity Reduction in a Nanophononic Metamaterial versus a Nanophononic Crystal: A Review and Comparative Analysis (2019)

Abstract The notion of a locally resonant metamaterial—widely applied to light and sound—has recently been introduced to heat, whereby the thermal conductivity is reduced primarily by intrinsic localized atomic vibrations rather than scattering mechanisms. This article reviews and analyzes this new emerging concept, termed nanophononic metamaterial (NPM), and contrasts it with the competing concept of a nanophononic crystal (NPC) in which thermal conductivity reduction is realized primarily via nanoscale Bragg scattering. Both the NPM and NPC core mechanisms require the presence of a sufficient level of wave behavior, which is possible when there is a relatively wide distribution of the phonon mean free path (MFP). Silicon serves as a perfect material to form NPMs and NPCs given its relatively large average phonon MFP. This offers a unique opportunity considering silicon's abundance and mature fabrication technology. It is shown in this comparative study that while both the NPM and NPC nanosystems may be rendered to serve as extreme insulators of heat, an NPM may do so without excessive reduction in the minimum feature size–which is key to keeping the electrical properties intact. This trait makes a silicon‐based NPM poised to serve as a low‐cost thermoelectric material with exceptional performance.
High T(sub c) copper-oxide superconductors (1989)

High T sub C superconducting compounds are made by forming a reaction mixture of the oxides of Sr, Cu, Ca and Tl, compressing these into a hardened body, and placing the hardened body into a container. The container is then evacuated and sealed. The hardened body is heated under pressure until the oxides of Sr, Ca, Cu, and Tl react to form a superconducting compound.
An Adaptive Noise-Free Method of Seismic Resolution Enhancement Based on Extrapolated Multiresolution Singular Value Decomposition (2020)

The maximum vertical seismic resolution is a critical parameter in seismic data processing and interpretation. In general, conventional methods such as spectral whitening and zero-phase deconvolution assume randomness in the reflectivity spectrum that may not always be valid. The method proposed herein, extrapolated multiresolution singular value decomposition (EMRSVD), avoids some of these assumptions. We reasonably assume that original seismic data constitute a low-frequency component of high-resolution data, of which high-frequency component is attenuated. To recover this high-resolution component, EMRSVD adaptively extrapolates attenuated high-frequency information based on multiresolution singular value decomposition (MRSVD) and polynomial fitting to broaden the valid frequency bandwidth and improve the resolution of original seismic data. In our work, we first decompose a signal into a series of approximate and detailed subsignals exhibiting different resolutions using MRSVD. Then, we apply a polynomial fitting algorithm to the singular values corresponding to the detailed subsignals and obtain an expression of the singular values. Next, based on this expression, we extrapolate new singular values to construct new detailed subsignals. We repeat this process iteratively, where the number of iterations is determined by a modified variance model with an exponential transformation. Finally, we add these extrapolated detailed subsignals back into the original signal to obtain a high-resolution result. Examples with two synthetic signals and one field seismic data demonstrate that the proposed method significantly improves the resolution of seismic data without introducing noise and efficiently broadens the frequency bandwidth of reflection signals without sacrificing low-frequency information, which facilitates the resolution of thin layers.
Organic recording medium for volume-phase holography (1974)

A new organic recording medium for volume-phase holography is described. Holograms can be read out nondestructively at the recording wavelength and power. Self-erasure may also be obtained. Holographic data and the effect of structure on recording and fixing behavior are described. The recording medium may be used to record multiple holograms.
Electrical and optical properties of doped tin and zinc oxide thin films by atmospheric pressure chemical vapor deposition (1992)

Zinc oxide and tin oxide films have been deposited by atmospheric pressure chemical vapor deposition. Zinc oxide films doped with fluorine have higher mobility and higher visible transmission than those doped with the Group III elements (B, Al, Ga). A ZnO:F film with a sheet resistance of 5 Ω/square has an average visible absorption of about 3%. Various doped zinc oxide films were compared with each other and with SnO2:F films through their Figure of Merit, which is defined as the ratio of the conductivity over the visible absorption coefficient. Zinc oxide films doped with fluorine have the highest Figure of Merit and are very promising as transparent electrodes for solar cells with high cell efficiency.
Sequence analysis of a new hepatitis A virus naturally infecting cynomolgus macaques (Macaca fascicularis) (1991)

A new isolate of hepatitis A virus (HAV), CY-145, was isolated from stool specimens obtained from cynomolgus macaques naturally infected with this agent. Sequence analysis of the capsid region of the genome indicated that this virus differed from other sequenced HAV strains by about 20% at the nucleotide level and 7% at the amino acid level. Two amino acid residues (residues 70 of VP3 and 102 of VP1), previously identified as constituting an immunodominant site and conserved in all sequenced HAVs, were changed in the CY-145 virus. Sequence analysis of a second cynomolgus HAV isolate (CY-55), which came from a different geographical location, showed the same amino acid replacement at these two sites. In addition both isolates had an amino acid substitution at the VP3-VP1 cleavage site. These data suggest that the cynomolgus HAV differs genetically and antigenically from all other sequenced HAVs.
A Fast Inter Frame Prediction Algorithm for Multi-View Video Coding (2007)

The multi-view video coding improves the coding efficiency by utilizing motion-compensated prediction (MCP) and disparity-compensated prediction (DCP). However, the complexity of the inter frame prediction is very high, especially when the rate-distortion optimization is used. This paper presents a fast inter frame prediction algorithm to reduce the complexity. Firstly the prediction type is decided according to reference frames. Then some unuseful search regions in view direction are removed. Finally a fast inter mode decision strategy is proposed based on the relationship between MCP and DCP. Experimental results verify that the proposed algorithm can greatly increase the speed of prediction with negligible loss of coding efficiency.