gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
<b>Higher plants possess two structurally different poly(ADP‐ribose) polymerases</b> (1998)

One of the immediate reactions of the mammalian cell to many environmental stresses is a massive synthesis of poly(ADP-ribose), catalyzed by poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP). Most of the biological functions attributed to PARP are inferred from experimentation with mammalian cells. In plants, the biology of PARP may be more complicated and diverse than was previously thought. Two poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase homologues were found in plants, the classical Zn-finger-containing polymerase (ZAP) and the structurally non-classical PARP proteins (APP and NAP), which lack the characteristic N-terminal Zn-finger domain. By enzymatic and cytological experiments the recombinant APP protein was shown to be located in the nucleus and to possess DNA-dependent poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase activity in yeast. The nuclear localization was further confirmed by the analysis of transgenic tobacco plants that expressed a translational gene fusion between APP and the bacterial beta-glucuronidase. The app promoter was transcriptionally up-regulated in cells pre-determined to die because of deficiency in a DNA ligase I.
Metering research facility program: Pulsation effects on gas turbine meters. Topical report, March 1990-January 1992 (1992)

It has been demonstrated that pulsations cause over-registration at pulsation frequencies and flows which produce significant (10 percent or larger) velocity modulations at the turbine meter. Pulsation conditions which cause only pressure variations at the turbine meter do not cause turbine meter errors. Pulsations at very low frequencies (within the meter's ability to respond) also do not cause errors. However, many commonly occurring pulsation frequencies and amplitudes can cause turbine meter measurement errors. Unfortunately, it is not practical to directly measure velocity modulations at field installations to detect such conditions. Diagnostic tools for detecting the presence of pulsation and its effects on turbine meters would be extremely valuable for the gas industry. The study has evaluated a number of diagnostic approaches including a new rotor pulse period modulation method.
Discovery of Pemigatinib: A Potent and Selective Fibroblast Growth Factor Receptor (FGFR) Inhibitor (2021)

Aberrant activation of FGFR has been linked to the pathogenesis of many tumor types. Selective inhibition of FGFR has emerged as a promising approach for cancer treatment. Herein, we describe the discovery of compound <b>38</b> (INCB054828, pemigatinib), a highly potent and selective inhibitor of FGFR1, FGFR2, and FGFR3 with excellent physiochemical properties and pharmacokinetic profiles. Pemigatinib has received accelerated approval from the U.S. Food and Drug Administration for the treatment of adults with previously treated, unresectable locally advanced or metastatic cholangiocarcinoma with a FGFR2 fusion or other rearrangement. Additional clinical trials are ongoing to evaluate pemigatinib in patients with FGFR alterations.
Development and Applications of Array Microscope Technology (2005)

The microscopy trade-off between high-resolution and large-area imaging is eliminated by the use of an array microscope. We describe a system with 80 microscope objectives developed for scanning 30 microscope slides/hour at 54,045 dpi.
Molecular Considerations for Mesophase Interaction and Alignment of Lyotropic Liquid Crystalline Semiconducting Polymers (2017)

Intermolecular interactions in conjugated polymers influence crystallinity, self-assembly, and packing motif, factors which in turn crucially impact charge transport properties such as carrier mobility in organic electronic devices. Correlated alignment of molecular and crystalline morphologies provides direct pathways for charge carriers to follow; however, the role of intermolecular interactions in achieving this is unexplored. Herein, we synthesize a series of lyotropic liquid crystalline conjugated polymers with variable side-chain structure to lend distinct steric repulsion and van der Waals attractive forces to each mesophase. We use this to investigate the role of intermolecular interactions on mesophase alignment. The strength of intermolecular interaction for each mesophase is compared by measuring melting temperature, π-stacking distance, and the Maier-Saupe interaction parameter. In general we find that side-chain structure can impact interaction strength by varying steric repulsion and backbone attractions and that the Maier-Saupe interaction parameters correlate with higher degrees of alignment after shearing, achieving a dichroic absorbance ratio of up to 2. This observation is used to develop equilibrium processing methods for fabricating macroscopically aligned polymer substrates used in transistors, improving mobility by a factor of 3 compared to spin-coated devices.
Wavelength-beam-combined quantum-cascade-laser array for remote spectroscopy* (2010)

Get PDF Email Share Share with Facebook Tweet This Post on reddit Share with LinkedIn Add to CiteULike Add to Mendeley Add to BibSonomy Get Citation Copy Citation Text A. K. Goyal, M. Spencer, O. Shatrovoy, A. Sanchez, B. G. Lee, L. Diehl, C. Pflügl, and F. Capasso, "Wavelength-beam-combined quantum-cascade-laser array for remote spectroscopy*," in Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics 2010, OSA Technical Digest (CD) (Optical Society of America, 2010), paper CThX5. Export Citation BibTex Endnote (RIS) HTML Plain Text Citation alert Save article
Mid-Infrared Frequency Combs Based on Microresonators (2011)

We present for the first time mid-infrared frequency comb generation from micro-resonators. Combs spanning over more than 10 THz around the 2.5 µm-wavelength CW-pump are generated in crystalline MgF2 whispering-gallery mode resonators via four-wave-mixing.
Optimization of a TRIP Steel for Adiabatic Fragment Protection (2015)

Current analysis into the property requirements of materials designed for fragment protection has led to the need for high shear localization resistance to prevent failure from plugging. Transformation induced plasticity (TRIP) is known to significantly delay plastic instability in both tension and shear stress states, thus extending the uniform shear deformation which delays the onset of localization. TRIP-180, a novel computationally designed, fully austenitic TRIP steel, is investigated to explore optimized austenite stability, quantified by the Msσ temperature, under adiabatic shear conditions. It is compared to HSLA-100, a low-alloy martensitic steel, where by a significant improvement in performance is seen.
Structure and function of platelet αllbβ3 (1997)

Platelet aggregation is mediated by the platelet fibrinogen receptor, the alpha IIb beta 3 integrin (glycoprotein IIb-IIIa). This integrin has served as a prototype for studies probing structure-function relationships, cellular modulation of integrin function, and integrin-mediated signaling. Use of new model systems and molecular approaches have helped investigators to make rapid progress in our understanding of these areas, as reviewed here.
Discovery of <sup>18</sup>F-JK-PSMA-7, a PET Probe for the Detection of Small PSMA-Positive Lesions (2018)

Prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA), expressed by most prostate carcinomas (PCa), is a promising target for PCa imaging. The application of PSMA-specific <sup>18</sup>F-labeled PET probes such as <sup>18</sup>F-DCFPyL and <sup>18</sup>F-PSMA-1007 considerably improved the accuracy of PCa tumor detection. However, there remains a need for further improvements in sensitivity and specificity. The aim of this study was the development of highly selective and specific PSMA probes with enhanced imaging properties, in comparison with <sup>18</sup>F-DCFPyL, <sup>18</sup>F-PSMA-1007, and <sup>68</sup>Ga-PSMA-11. <b>Methods:</b> Eight novel <sup>18</sup>F-labeled PSMA ligands were prepared. Their cellular uptake in PSMA-positive LNCaP C4-2 and PSMA-negative PC-3 cells was compared with that of <sup>18</sup>F-DCFPyL. The most promising candidates were additionally evaluated by small-animal PET in healthy rats using PSMA-positive peripheral ganglia as a model for small PCa lesions. PET images of the ligand with the best outcome, <sup>18</sup>F-JK-PSMA-7, were compared with those of <sup>18</sup>F-DCFPyL, <sup>18</sup>F-PSMA-1007, and <sup>68</sup>Ga-PSMA-11 with respect to key image-quality parameters for the time frame 60-120 min. <b>Results:</b> Compared with <sup>18</sup>F-DCFPyL, <sup>18</sup>F-JK-PSMA-7 demonstrated increased PSMA-specific cellular uptake. Although target-to-background ratios of <sup>18</sup>F-DCFPyL and <sup>18</sup>F-PSMA-1007 were comparable, this parameter was higher for <sup>18</sup>F-JK-PSMA-7 and lower for <sup>68</sup>Ga-PSMA-11. Image acutance was significantly higher for <sup>18</sup>F-JK-PSMA-7 and <sup>18</sup>F-PSMA-1007 than for <sup>18</sup>F-DCFPyL and <sup>68</sup>Ga-PSMA-11. Image resolution was similar for all 4 tracers. <sup>18</sup>F-PSMA-1007 demonstrated significantly higher blood protein binding and bone uptake than the other tracers. <b>Conclusion:</b><sup>18</sup>F-JK-PSMA-7 is a promising candidate for high-quality visualization of small PSMA-positive lesions. Excellent preclinical imaging properties justify further preclinical and clinical studies of this tracer.
A wafer-scale membrane transfer process for the fabrication of optical quality, large continuous membranes (2003)

This paper describes a new fabrication technique developed for the construction of large area mirror membranes via the transfer of wafer-scale continuous membranes from one substrate to another. Using this technique, wafer-scale silicon mirror membranes have been successfully transferred without the use of sacrificial layers such as adhesives or polymers. This transfer technique has also been applied to the fabrication and transfer of 1 μm thick corrugated membrane actuators. These membrane actuators consist of several concentric-ring-type corrugations constructed within a polysilicon membrane. A typical polysilicon actuator membrane with an electrode gap of 1.5 μm, fabricated using the wafer-scale transfer technique, shows a vertical deflection of 0.4 μm at 55 V. The mirror membranes are constructed from single-crystal silicon, 10 cm in diameter, and have been successfully transferred in their entirety. Using a white-light interferometer, the measured average peak-to-valley surface figure error for the transferred single-crystal silicon mirror membranes is approximately 9 nm as measured over a 1 mm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> membrane area. The wafer-scale membrane transfer technique demonstrated in this paper has the following benefits over previously reported transfer techniques: 1) No postassembly release process to remove sacrificial polymers is required. 2) The bonded interface is completely isolated from any acid, etchant, or solvent during the transfer process, ensuring a clean and uniform membrane surface. 3) Our technique is capable of transferring large, continuous membranes onto substrates.
Advanced Thin Wafer Support Processes for Temporary Wafer Bonding (2010)

The ZoneBOND™ process has been developed to allow temporary wafer bonding at acceptable temperatures (usually less than 200°C), survival through higher-temperature processes, and then demounting at room temperature. The technology utilizes standard silicon or glass carriers and current thermoplastic adhesives developed by Brewer Science, Inc. The separation process consists of three components: removal of the adhesive in the outer zone, lamination of the device side of the pair, and separation of the carrier wafer from the adhesive. Developments of these key areas are the focus of this paper.
Two-Stage Acid-Catalyzed Conversion of Carbohydrates into Levulinic Acid (2012)

In this paper, we report on a two-stage acid-catalytic conversion of carbohydrates from hybrid poplar wood chips into levulinic acid (LA), a renewable platform chemical which can be used for fuels and chemicals. It was hypothesized that under the harsh acid conditions utilized during LA production, the pentose fraction in biomass would first form furfurals which would then polymerize with saccharides forming humins. These reactions would both reduce any potential value from the pentose fraction as well as lower the levulinic acid yield. To test this idea, a two-stage conversion process was designed starting with a mild acid extraction to remove the majority of the pentoses while maintaining the hexose sugars in a solid form utilizing previously described optimized conditions. LA was then produced by subjecting the extracted solids to a second more severe step. The temperature, time, acid concentration, and a liquor-to-wood ratio were varied and modeled to find the optimal conditions. The best conditions were high acid concentration, high temperature, and low substrate consistency, which produced a maximum molar yield of 66% based on the hexose content or 17.5 wt % based of the initial biomass. A comparison of this two-stage process to a single-stage process without the pentose extraction was performed both with biomass and model compounds, which indicated no pentose or furfural in the product stream and a marked molar yield decrease in LA yield from the presence of pentose sugars, validating our initial hypothesis.
How public conversation management integrated with local business process management (2003)

In order for enterprises to collaborate at the business-process level, they must deal with two kinds of processes: the public conversation processes specifying inter-enterprise document flows, and the private business processes specifying local workflows of document manipulation and other related tasks. The provisioning, interaction and integration of conversation management and business process management, have become the common interest of the e-business (electronic business) industry. We discuss the relationship and interaction between conversation management and business process management; point out the difference between public conversation processes (e.g. BPSS processes) and peer-conversation processes (e.g. BPEL4WS processes). We then illustrate our collaborative process management system that has functionally separated conversation manager and business process manager. The conversation manager is based on the ebXML (Extensible Markup Language) BPSS (Business Process Execution Language) standard; it is used for validating document exchange at run-time and for activating corresponding process tasks. We have also proposed the conversation model driven asynchronous task activation mechanism for interaction between a conversation process and the coupled business process dynamically. With this mechanism, generic APIs (application program interfaces) between the conversation manager and the business process manager can be easily defined and used by multiple plugged-in conversation managers.
Terahertz Time-domain Spectroscopy of Water Vapor Based on Asynchronous Optical Sampling (2007)

We developed a stabilized laser source for high-precision, asynchronous optical sampling terahertz time-domain spectroscopy, in which individual mode-locked frequencies in the two lasers and the frequency difference between them are stabilized by two independent laser-control systems. We further applied it for THz spectroscopy of water vapor.
Upconversion Nanoparticles as Tracers for Production and Well Monitoring (2018)

Abstract Luminescent upconversion nanoparticles are used as alternate fluorescence tracers to overcome the interference of organic molecules in the analysis of flowback waters. Upconversion nanoparticles use low-energy excitation at approximately 980 nm with high-energy emissions in the region of 200 to 950 nm. Emission properties of the nanoparticles are tuned by selective doping, and their dispersiblity in water and oil are altered through appropriate functionalization. The flow experiments used stable crude oil emulsions in API brine with the mixture of two different emission upconversion tracer nanoparticles. Data from these experiments suggest that the nanoparticle tracers can flow through the porous media and distinguish between each other, even in the presence of organics in an emulsion. This capability can open new avenues in in-situ reservoir communication and understanding.
<title>Imaging of fluorescence yield and lifetime from multiply scattered light re-emitted from random media</title> (1997)

The feasibility of employing fluorescent agents to perform optical imaging in tissues and other scattering media has been examined through experimental and computational studies. Fluorescence lifetime and yield can give crucial information about local metabolite concentration or environmental conditions within tissues. This information can be employed towards disease detection, diagnosis, and treatment if non-invasively quantitated from re-emitted optical signals. However, the inverse problem for image reconstruction of fluorescence yield and lifetime is complicated due to the highly scattering nature of the tissue. In this work, a light propagation model employing the diffusion equation is used to account for the scattering of both the excitation and fluorescent light. Simulated measurements of frequency-domain parameters of fluorescent modulated AC amplitude and phase-lag are used as inputs to an inverse image reconstruction algorithm which employs the diffusion model to predict frequency-domain measurements resulting from a modulated input at the phantom periphery. In the inverse image reconstruction algorithm, we employ a Newton-Raphson technique combined with Marquardt algorithm to converge upon the fluorescent properties within the medium. The successful reconstruction of both the fluorescence yield and lifetime in the case of heterogeneous fluorophore distribution within a scattering medium has been demonstrated without a priori information or without the necessity of obtaining `absence' images.
Correlation between Active Center Structure and Enhanced Dioxygen Binding in Co(salen) Nanoparticles: Characterization by In Situ Infrared, Raman, and X-ray Absorption Spectroscopies (2008)

The structure and ligand environment of Co(salen) nanoparticles and unprocessed Co(salen) have been determined by the combined application of infrared, Raman, X-ray absorption near edge structure (XANES), and extended X-ray absorption fine structure (EXAFS) spectroscopies, and X-ray diffraction (XRD) experiments before and during interaction with O2. The Co(salen) nanoparticles were prepared by the precipitation with compressed antisolvent (PCA) technique using commercially obtained Co(salen) [denoted as unprocessed Co(salen)] as the parent compound. The unprocessed Co(salen) particles exist as dimer species with a square-pyramidal coordination geometry that display no measurable O2 binding at room temperature. In sharp contrast, the Co(salen) nanoparticles show near-stoichiometric O2 adsorption, as demonstrated by microbalance gas binding experiments. The spectroscopy results indicate the presence of CoII centers with distorted tetrahedral geometry in the Co(salen) nanoparticles with no evidence of metallic Co clusters, confirmed by the lack of Co−Co contributions at bonding distances in the EXAFS spectra and the presence of characteristic features of CoII in the XANES spectra. The EXAFS data also indicate that there are on average two Co−N and two Co−O bonds with a distance of 1.81 ± 0.02 and 1.90 ± 0.02 Å, respectively, consistent with typical metal salen structures. Upon O2 binding on the Co(salen) nanoparticles, the XANES results indicate oxidation of the CoII to CoIII, consistent with the vibrational data showing new bands associated with oxygen species bonded to Co centers and the increase in the oxygen coordination number from 1.8 to 2.9 in the EXAFS data. The results indicate that the enhanced O2 binding properties of Co(salen) nanoparticles are related to the unique distorted tetrahedral geometry, which is not observed in the unprocessed samples that contain mainly dimers with square planar geometry. The results presented here provide a fundamental relationship between active center structure and properties of novel molecule-based nanomaterials.
Detection of Colon Wall Outer Boundary and Segmentation of the Colon Wall Based on Level Set Methods (2006)

Virtual colonoscopy (VC) has become a more prevalent and accepted method to diagnosis colorectal cancer. An essential element to detecting cancerous polyps using VC in conjunction with computer-aided detection is the accurate segmentation of the colon wall. While the inner boundary of the colon wall, the lumen-mucosal boundary, has often been the focus of previous colon segmentation work, detection of the outer wall, the serosal tissue boundary, allows for the segmentation of the colon wall, which is useful in determining both potential polyps, muscular hypertrophy and diverticulitis of the colon. Unfortunately, automatic determination of the outer colon wall position often is difficult due to the low contrast between CT attenuation values of the colon wall and the surrounding fat tissue. We have developed a level set based method to determine from a CT colonography (CTC) scan the location of the colon serosal tissue boundary. After determining this location, the algorithm segments the entire colon wall at subvoxel accurate precision. The algorithm has been validated on several CTC datasets.
A new frequency tracking and phasor estimation algorithm for generator protection (1997)

Digital generator protection is a complex and difficult problem. Analog and solid state methods have been successfully applied to generator protection in the past and implementation of these functions in a digital device is a continuing trend. This paper explores a new method to implement frequency tracking and phasor estimation in a numerical relay. A new algorithm is presented which utilizes a variable window discrete Fourier transform (DFT) for frequency tracking. Use of the DFT to compute the phasor estimates at a frequency other than the assumed frequency is outlined first. Next, a new technique for tracking the frequency is outlined. The paper concludes with testing of the new algorithm.
Constrained marginal space learning for efficient 3D anatomical structure detection in medical images (2009)

Recently, we proposed marginal space learning (MSL) as a generic approach for automatic detection of 3D anatomical structures in many medical imaging modalities. To accurately localize a 3D object, we need to estimate nine parameters (three for position, three for orientation, and three for anisotropic scaling). Instead of uniformly searching the original nine-dimensional parameter space, only low-dimensional marginal spaces are uniformly searched in MSL, which significantly improves the speed. In many real applications, a strong correlation may exist among parameters in the same marginal spaces. For example, a large object may have large scaling values along all directions. In this paper, we propose constrained MSL to exploit this correlation for further speed-up. As another major contribution, we propose to use quaternions for 3D orientation representation and distance measurement to overcome the inherent drawbacks of Euler angles in the original MSL. The proposed method has been tested on three 3D anatomical structure detection problems in medical images, including liver detection in computed tomography (CT) volumes, and left ventricle detection in both CT and ultrasound volumes. Experiments on the largest datasets ever reported show that constrained MSL can improve the detection speed up to 14 times, while achieving comparable or better detection accuracy. It takes less than half a second to detect a 3D anatomical structure in a volume.