gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Liquid crystal spatial light modulator with amorphous silicon photoconductor (1986)

Spatial light modulators play an important role in coherent signal processing applications, primarily as an incoherent-to-coherent light converter. In this and other applications the sensitivity and spatial resolution as well as speed are important considerations which limit performance. Reported here is a liquid crystal modulator using amorphous silicon as an ohmic photoconductor material to achieve linear modulation in a reflection mode. The thin-film layer is capable of very high resolution, >95 line pairs/mm, exceeding that of most CdS photoconductors while maintaining the high speed and broadband sensitivity of crystalline silicon. Spatial resolution of over 35 line pairs/mm has been demonstrated. The white light sensitivity is better than 20 μ W/cm 2 . A nematic liquid crystal is incorporated using both twist and birefringence mechanisms. The photoconductor consists of boron-doped amorphous silicon deposited on a glass substrate which serves as one window of the cell.
CPV generator with dish reflector and fly’s eye receiver (2018)

We describe a CPV generator in which an off-axis paraboloidal dish reflector powers a small receiver near the focus, housing many individually illuminated multijunction cells. The receiver entrance window doubles as a field lens that forms a reduced scale image of the reflector, at concentration of ∼30×. The image has a sharp boundary, and its position is stable against tracking errors. A fly’s eye lens array divides the image into equal portions, and further concentrates it to ∼500× onto the cells. This approach is in contrast to nearly all previous PV and CPV, where sunlight is equal apportioned (for simple series electrical connection) directly on entering the system. In our approach, small multijunction cells are packaged into a small receiver module that will be less expensive (per watt) to manufacture than large conventional PV or CPV modules, and can be economically upgraded for 40 year lifetime. Our concept differs from REhnu’s dish/receiver design [1] in its lack of obscuration and simpler cooling, using forced air convection rather than pumped liquid coolant, this made possible by the lower heat density at the cell array. In preliminary on-sun system data with a 2.4 m2 prototype powering 5.2 mm cells at 500× concentration, we demonstrate good tolerance to mispointing (90% at 0.5° off-axis), good air cooling (cell mounting plate at 19°C above ambient) and uniform division of light between the cells (scatter of 3.3% rms).
bject Tracking from a Moving Video Camera: A Software Approach on a PC (1998)

We demonstrate a real time system for image registration and moving object detection. The algorithm is based on describing the displacement of a point as a probability distribution over a matrix of possible displacements. A small set of randomly selected points is used to compute the registration parameters. Moving object detection is based on the consistency of the probabilistic displacement of image points with the global image motion.
Improved product‐per‐glucose yields in P450‐dependent propane biotransformations using engineered <i>Escherichia coli</i> (2010)

P450-dependent biotransformations in Escherichia coli are attractive for the selective oxidation of organic molecules using mild and sustainable procedures. The overall efficiency of these processes, however, relies on how effectively the NAD(P)H cofactors derived from oxidation of the carbon source are utilized inside the cell to support the heterologous P450-catalyzed reaction. In this work, we investigate the use of metabolic and protein engineering to enhance the product-per-glucose yield (Y(PPG)) in whole-cell reactions involving a proficient NADPH-dependent P450 propane monooxygenase prepared by directed evolution [P450(PMO)R2; Fasan et al. (2007); Angew Chem Int Ed 46:8414-8418]. Our studies revealed that the metabolism of E. coli (W3110) is able to support only a modest propanol: glucose molar ratio (YPPG ~ 0.5) under aerobic, nongrowing conditions. By altering key processes involved in NAD(P)H metabolism of the host, considerable improvements of this ratio could be achieved. A metabolically engineered E. coli strain featuring partial inactivation of the endogenous respiratory chain (Δndh) combined with removal of two fermentation pathways (ΔadhE, Δldh) provided the highest Y(PPG) (1.71) among the strains investigated, enabling a 230% more efficient utilization of the energy source (glucose) in the propane biotransformation compared to the native E. coli strain. Using an engineered P450(PMO)R2 variant which can utilize NADPH and NADH with equal efficiency, we also established that dual cofactor specificity of the P450 enzyme can provide an appreciable improvement in Y(PPG). Kinetic analyses suggest, however, that much more favorable parameters (K(M), k(cat)) for the NADH-driven reaction are required to effectively compete with the host's endogenous NADH-utilizing enzymes. Overall, the metabolic/protein engineering strategies described here can be of general value for improving the performance of NAD(P)H-dependent whole-cell biotransformations in E. coli.
Differential regulation of microRNA-15a by radiation affects angiogenesis and tumor growth via modulation of acid sphingomyelinase (2020)

Activation of acid sphingomyelinase (SMPD1) and the generation of ceramide is a critical regulator of apoptosis in response to cellular stress including radiation. Endothelial SMPD1 has been shown to regulate tumor responses to radiation therapy. We show here that the SMPD1 gene is regulated by a microRNA (miR), miR-15a, in endothelial cells (ECs). Standard low dose radiation (2 Gy) upregulates miR-15a and decreases SMPD1 levels. In contrast, high dose radiation (10 Gy and above) decreases miR-15a and increases SMPD1. Ectopic expression of miR-15a decreases both mRNA and protein levels of SMPD1. Mimicking the effects of high dose radiation with a miR-15a inhibitor decreases cell proliferation and increases active Caspase-3 & 7. Mechanistically, inhibition of miR-15a increases inflammatory cytokines, activates caspase-1 inflammasome and increases Gasdermin D, an effector of pyroptosis. Importantly, both systemic and vascular-targeted delivery of miR-15a inhibitor decreases angiogenesis and tumor growth in a CT26 murine colorectal carcinoma model. Taken together, our findings highlight a novel role for miR mediated regulation of SMPD1 during radiation responses and establish proof-of-concept that this pathway can be targeted with a miR inhibitor.
Progress Monitoring of Construction Projects Using Statistical Pattern Recognition (2010)

The traditional monitoring practice involves collecting actual quantity data, and comparing against a benchmark which represents the relevant planned data. The encountered well-known problem in monitoring is that the quality of the collected data is often subjected to great variation due to the variation in the reporting skills as well as the willingness to record data accurately. A potential technique to circumvent this problem is to conduct the comparison against multiple possible outcomes rather than a single-valued benchmark. The main objective of this research is to utilize the Statistical Pattern Recognition (SPR) technique to classify the work planned at specified cut-off dates during the planning stage and use the classification to monitor and evaluate the progress during the construction stage. The SPR technique generalizes a virtual benchmark to represent the whole project based on multiple possible outcomes generated at a given cut-off date. The generalization feature offers a potential tool to overcome the problem of variation in the quality of data collected. Patterns are constructed to encode work of the project at different cut-off dates. Finally, the SPR concept and technique proved its robustness to monitor and evaluate progress of construction projects based on the technique of Critical Path Method (CPM).
Combinatorial Pharmacogenetic Interactions of Bucindolol and β1, α2C Adrenergic Receptor Polymorphisms (2012)

On combination, the two sets of AR polymorphisms 1) influenced bucindolol efficacy seemingly unpredictably but consistent with their pharmacologic interactions, and 2) identified subpopulations with enhanced (β(1)389 Arg homozygotes), intermediate (β(1)389 Gly carriers+α(2C)322-325 Wt homozygotes), and no (β(1)389 Gly carriers+α(2C)322-325 Del carriers) efficacy.
A multimodal variational approach to learning and inference in switching state space models [speech processing application] (2004)

An important general model for discrete-time signal processing is the switching state space (SSS) model, which generalizes the hidden Markov model and the Gaussian state space model. Inference and parameter estimation in this model are known to be computationally intractable. This paper presents a powerful new approximation to the SSS model. The approximation is based on a variational technique that preserves the multimodal nature of the continuous state posterior distribution. Furthermore, by incorporating a windowing technique, the resulting EM algorithm has complexity that is just linear in the length of the time series. An alternative Viterbi decoding with frame-based likelihood is also presented which is crucial for the speech application that originally motivates this work. Our experiments focus on demonstrating the effectiveness of the algorithm by extensive simulations. A typical example in speech processing is also included to show the potential of this approach for practical applications.
13 134-Km Fiber-Optic Time Synchronization (2021)

In this paper, we experimentally demonstrate an ultra-long haul and multi-access fiber-optic time synchronization system over the equivalent 13 134 km fiber link based on the bidirectional time division multiplexing transmission over a single fiber with the same wavelength (BTDM-SFSW) scheme. The 13 134 km fiber link is simulated by re-circulating the time signals 33 laps in the 398 km fiber loop. Intermediate stations containing bidirectional optical-electrical-optical repeaters are simultaneously used to implement a high-symmetry low-noise bidirectional signal regeneration for extending transmission distance, and provide the time signals for multi-access time synchronization applications. The results illustrate that time signals aligned with the master station can be available at the slave station and arbitrary intermediate stations without requiring link calibrations. Time synchronization stability in terms of time deviation (TDEV) of less than 32 ps/10 s and the combined uncertainty of less than 89.6 ps can be obtained for the 13 134 km fiber recirculating link. The intermediate stations also have the similar performance with the main fiber link. The simple, robust and accurate ultra-long haul fiber-optic time synchronization technique demonstrated here represents a new class of high-accuracy time synchronization that could be used for national/intercontinental atomic clock comparison campaigns and opens up a possibility for providing synchronized time signals to multiple users over the large-scale fiber-optic networks.
Specific Nongluten Proteins of Wheat Are Novel Target Antigens in Celiac Disease Humoral Response (2014)

While the antigenic specificity and pathogenic relevance of immunologic reactivity to gluten in celiac disease have been extensively researched, the immune response to nongluten proteins of wheat has not been characterized. We aimed to investigate the level and molecular specificity of antibody response to wheat nongluten proteins in celiac disease. Serum samples from patients and controls were screened for IgG and IgA antibody reactivity to a nongluten protein extract from the wheat cultivar Triticum aestivum Butte 86. Antibodies were further analyzed for reactivity to specific nongluten proteins by two-dimensional gel electrophoresis and immunoblotting. Immunoreactive molecules were identified by tandem mass spectrometry. Compared with healthy controls, patients exhibited significantly higher levels of antibody reactivity to nongluten proteins. The main immunoreactive nongluten antibody target proteins were identified as serpins, purinins, α-amylase/protease inhibitors, globulins, and farinins. Assessment of reactivity toward purified recombinant proteins further confirmed the presence of antibody response to specific antigens. The results demonstrate that, in addition to the well-recognized immune reaction to gluten, celiac disease is associated with a robust humoral response directed at a specific subset of the nongluten proteins of wheat.
Limited Loss of Tolerance to Islet Autoantigens in ICA+ First Degree Relatives of Patients with Type I Diabetes Expressing the HLA DQB1*0602 Allele (1996)

The DQB1*0602 allele confers dominant protection from Type I diabetes even among islet cell antibody positive (ICA+) first degree relatives of affected individuals. Lack of progression to diabetes in these subjects, despite ICA positivity, could be explained by a loss of tolerance limited to fewer islet autoantigens than in ICA+ relatives progressing to the disease. To test this hypothesis we have determined autoantibodies by radioassay to three islet autoantigens, glutamic acid decarboxylase (GAD), insulin and the novel neuroendocrine antigen ICA512/IA-2 in 84 HLA-typed ICA+ first degree relatives of patients with Type I diabetes. Among the eleven relatives expressing the 0602 allele (0602+) only two were positive for more than one antibody as determined by radioassay. In contrast, 55/73 ICA+ relatives lacking this allele (non-0602) expressed more than one autoantibody (P < 0.01). The prevalence of antibodies to GAD (GAA) was not significantly different in ICA+ relatives with and without the 0602 allele (7/11 in 0602+ versus 60/73 in non-0602). In contrast, anti-insulin antibodies (IAA) were present in only 2/11 0602+ ICA+ relatives versus 47/70 in non-0602 ICA+ relatives (P < 0.01). Similarly, only one individual carrying the 0602 allele was positive for ICA512 autoantibodies versus 33/70 in the non-0602 group (P < 0.01). These data indicate that even among ICA+ relatives the 0602 allele is associated with a limited immune response to islet antigens and amongst 0602+ relatives this response is mostly directed against GAD.
Nontoxic polyphosphate inhibitors reduce thrombosis while sparing hemostasis (2014)

Polyphosphate (polyP) is secreted by activated platelets and has been shown to contribute to thrombosis, suggesting that it could be a novel antithrombotic target. Previously reported polyP inhibitors based on polycationic substances, such as polyethylenimine, polyamidoamine dendrimers, and polymyxin B, although they attenuate thrombosis, all have significant toxicity in vivo, likely due to the presence of multiple primary amines responsible for their polyP binding ability. In this study, we examined a novel class of nontoxic polycationic compounds initially designed as universal heparin reversal agents (UHRAs) to determine their ability to block polyP procoagulant activity and also to determine their utility as antithrombotic treatments. Several UHRA compounds strongly inhibited polyP procoagulant activity in vitro, and 4 were selected for further examination in mouse models of thrombosis and hemostasis. Compounds UHRA-9 and UHRA-10 significantly reduced arterial thrombosis in mice. In mouse tail bleeding tests, administration of UHRA-9 or UHRA-10 was associated with significantly less bleeding compared with therapeutically equivalent doses of heparin. Thus, these compounds offer a new platform for developing novel antithrombotic agents that target procoagulant anionic polymers such as polyP with reduced toxicity and bleeding side effects.
Oxygen Saturation of the Low Osmolar Contrast Media Iohexol, Ioxaglate and Iodixanol (1990)

During coronary angiography the exchange of blood with a contrast medium solution causes a period of hypoxia. To investigate whether oxygen saturation of the contrast medium could be beneficial, low osmolar contrast media were infused without and with oxygen saturation into the coronary arteries of the isolated rabbit heart. Iohexol (150-300 mg I/ml, without NaCl or with 20-30 mM NaCl), iodixanol (320 mg I/ml, contains 24 mM NaCl) and ioxaglate (160 mg I/ml, contains 75 mM Na+) were infused without and with oxygen saturation. The decrease in contractile force (CF) of the heart, from the contrast medium solutions, was reduced when the solutions were saturated with oxygen. Oxygen saturation of iohexol (350 mg I/ml, without or with 10 mM NaCl) did not change the frequency of ventricular fibrillations (VF). Low osmolar contrast media, when saturated with oxygen, thus caused a reduced decrease in CF without changing the frequency of VF. This might be beneficial in clinical cardioangiography by reducing the adverse effects from the media.
A High-Performance and Scalable Hardware Architecture for Isogeny-Based Cryptography (2018)

In this work, we present a high-performance and scalable architecture for isogeny-based cryptosystems. In particular, we use the architecture in a fast, constant-time FPGA implementation of the quantum-resistant supersingular isogeny Diffie-Hellman (SIDH) key exchange protocol. On a Virtex-7 FPGA, we show that our architecture is scalable by implementing at 83, 124, 168, and 252-bit quantum security levels. This is the first SIDH implementation at close to the 256-bit quantum security level to appear in literature. Further, our implementation completes the SIDH protocol 2 times faster than performance-optimized software implementations and 1.34 times faster than the previous best FPGA implementation, both running a similar set of formulas. Our implementation employs inversion-free projective isogeny formulas. By replicating multipliers and utilizing an efficient scheduling methodology, we can heavily parallelize quadratic extension field arithmetic and the isogeny evaluation stage of the large-degree isogeny computation. For a constant-time implementation of 124-bit quantum security SIDH on a Virtex-7 FPGA, we generate ephemeral public keys in 8.0 and 8.6 ms and generate the shared secret key in 7.1 and 7.9 ms for Alice and Bob, respectively. Finally, we show that this architecture could also be used to efficiently generate undeniable and digital signatures based on supersingular isogenies.
<i>In vivo</i>estimation of elastic wave parameters using phase-stabilized swept source optical coherence elastography (2012)

We report a highly sensitive method based on phase-stabilized swept source optical coherence elastography (PhS-SSOCE) to measure elastic wave propagation in soft tissues in vivo. The waves were introduced using a mechanical stimulus and were assessed using the phase response of the swept source optical coherence tomography signal. The technique was utilized to measure age-related changes in elastic flexural wave velocity and attenuation in mice cornea in vivo. Results demonstrate that the wave velocity increases with animal age, supporting previous observations that stiffness of mice cornea gradually increases with age. Our studies suggest that the PhS-SSOCE technique could potentially be used to obtain biomechanical properties of ocular tissues in vivo.
MODTRAN3: Suitability as a flux-divergence code (1995)

The Moderate Resolution Atmospheric Radiance and Transmittance Model (MODTRAN3) is the developmental version of MODTRAN and MODTRAN2. The Geophysics Directorate, Phillips Laboratory, released a beta version of this model in October 1994. It encompasses all the capabilities of LOWTRAN7, the historic 20 cm{sup -1} resolution (full width at half maximum, FWHM) radiance code, but incorporates a much more sensitive molecular band model with 2 cm{sup -1} resolution. The band model is based directly upon the HITRAN spectral parameters, including both temperature and pressure (line shape) dependencies. Validation against full Voigt line-by-line calculations (e.g., FASCODE) has shown excellent agreement. In addition, simple timing runs demonstrate potential improvement of more than a factor of 100 for a typical 500 cm{sup -1} spectral interval and comparable vertical layering. Not only is MODTRAN an excellent band model for {open_quotes}full path{close_quotes} calculations (that is, radiance and/or transmittance from point A to point B), but it replicates layer-specific quantities to a very high degree of accuracy. Such layer quantities, derived from ratios and differences of longer path MODTRAN calculations from point A to adjacent layer boundaries, can be used to provide inversion algorithm weighting functions or similarly formulated quantities. One of the most exciting new applicationsmore » is the rapid calculation of reliable IR cooling rates, including species, altitude, and spectral distinctions, as well as the standard spectrally integrated quantities. Comparisons with prior line-by-line cooling rate calculations are excellent, and the techniques can be extended to incorporate global climatologies of both standard and trace atmospheric species.« less
Nanometer-Scale Dielectric Self-assembly Process for Anode Modification in Organic Light-Emitting Diodes. Consequences for Charge Injection and Enhanced Luminous Efficiency (2002)

Layer-by-layer, self-limiting chemisorptive siloxane self-assembly using Si3O2Cl8 as the precursor affords thin, conformal, relatively dense, largely pinhole-free dielectric films that can be deposited on oxide surfaces with sub-nanometer control of film thickness (8.3(1) Å/layer). Deposition chemistry, microstructure, and hole injection/work function modification properties of these (SiO2)x-like films on single-crystal Si(111) and polycrystalline indium tin oxide (ITO) substrates have been characterized by synchrotron specular X-ray reflectivity, cyclic voltammetry, X-ray and UV photoelectron spectroscopy, and atomic force microscopy. Chemisorption of these (SiO2)x films onto the ITO anodes of three-layer, vapor-deposited organic electroluminescent devices (ITO/(SiO2)x/TPD/Alq/Al) nearly triples the external quantum and luminous efficiencies. The efficiency enhancement is attributed to hole and electron injection fluence balance caused by modification of the effective voltage profile brought about by the assembly of well-ordered siloxane layers. Interestingly, as a function of increasing (SiO2)x layer thickness, device turn-on voltage first increases (x = 0 → 1), progressively decreases (x = 1 → 2 → 3), and then increases (x = 3 → 4). A theoretical model based upon computation at the ab initio level is proposed in which the self-assembled dielectric layers induce an additional, thickness-dependent “built-in” electric field across the organic transport layers, thereby simultaneously enhancing electron injection from the cathode (increasing luminescence efficiency) and decreasing the efficiency of hole injection (changing the turn-on voltage).
Oscillation of sound wave in the straight-tube type miniature thermoacoustic system with closed-closed ends (2012)

Downsizing of thermoacoustic system is discussed in order to be applied to the electronic equipments. In our previous studies for the miniature thermoacoustic system, the stable oscillation is successfully realized on the straight-tube with opened-closed ends type although the inner working fluid cannot be shut in. To realize the working fluid be shut in the tube and keeping the stable oscillation, a new system is combined of two tubes with different cross-sectional area. The large sized system is applied instead of the small sized one because of the measurement difficulty. As the results, it was confirmed that the efficiency of the energy conversion was improved by using the system which combines two kinds of tubes with different cross-section tube. The reason of the efficiency improvement was estimated that the resonance became to be strong by the overlap of two kinds of resonances. This estimation was confirmed by changing the ratio of length of connecting tubes with different cross-section. The efficiency of the energy conversion was improved by controlling of the acoustic field. Those were realized by connecting of two tubes with different cross-sectional area.