gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Automated RFA planning for complete coverage of large tumors (2009)

Radiofrequency ablation (RFA) is a minimally invasive procedure used for the treatment of small-to-moderate sized tumors most commonly in the liver, kidney and lung. An RFA procedure for successfully treating large or complex shape tumors may require many ablations, in a non-obvious pattern. Tumor size > 3cm predisposes to incomplete treatment [1] and potential recurrence, therefore RFA is less often successful and less often used for treating large tumors. A mental solution is the current clinical practice standard, but is a daunting task for defining the complete 3D geometrical coverage of a tumor and margin (planned target volume, PTV) with the fewest ellipsoidal ablation volumes, while also minimizing collateral damage to healthy tissue. In order to generate a repeatable and reliable result, a solution must quantify precise locations. A new interactive planning system with an automated coverage algorithm is described. The planning system allows the interventional radiologist to segment the potentially complex PTV, select an RFA needle (which determines the specific 3D ablation shape), and identify the skin entry location that defines the shape's orientation. The algorithm generates a cluster of overlapping ablations from the periphery of the PTV, filling toward the center. The cluster is first tightened toward the center to reduce the overall number of ablations and collateral damage, and then pulled toward optimal attractors to further reduce the number of ablations. For most clinical applications, computation requires less than 15 seconds. This fast ablation planning enables rapid scenario assessment, including proper probe selection, skin entry location, collateral damage and procedure duration. The plan can be executed by transferring target locations to a navigation system.
A Pathway to Fabricate Hollow Fiber Membranes with Isoporous Inner Surface (2017)

A novel inside isoporous hollow fiber membrane is prepared using the dry-jet wet spinning technique. Subsequently, the self-assembly of block copolymer in combination with nonsolvent-induced phase separation takes place in the lumen side of the spun hollow fibers with a diameter of less than 1 mm leading to technologically favored inside membranes for water purification.
Numerical Investigation of the Flow Distortion Impact on a Refrigeration Centrifugal Compressor (2016)

The inlet pipe to a centrifugal compressor in a water-cooled chiller can cause complexities in designing a compact unit. Flow distortion caused by the inlet pipe shape and non-uniformity of the flow from the evaporator can affect the compressor performance. Inlet guide vanes (IGVs) used for capacity control may help reduce the distortion by forcing a redistribution of the flow. However, the guide vanes themselves result in increased losses and can introduce flow distortion due to the clearance between the movable vane and stationary housing. In this effort, the influence of the flow distortion on the impeller performance and the losses caused by IGVs were investigated using a commercial code dealing with real gas. The CFD model was first verified by comparison to test data. Further investigation showed that the hub-to-shroud flow distortion, especially shroud side distortion, has a major effect on stage performance. IGVs are necessary for straightening the incoming flow to benefit stall margin but generate high losses themselves. The tip clearance of the IGV decreases the deswirl capability and introduces additional local separation loss. Distortion intensity was calculated according to ARP-1420 methods to justify the usage of the mixing plane in the CFD modeling. The extent of distortion indicated that the steady simulation served as a preferable choice for balancing computational cost & prediction accuracy.
Identification of the Potent Phytoestrogen Glycinol in Elicited Soybean (Glycine max) (2008)

The primary induced isoflavones in soybean, the glyceollins, have been shown to be potent estrogen antagonists in vitro and in vivo. The discovery of the glyceollins' ability to inhibit cancer cell proliferation has led to the analysis of estrogenic activities of other induced isoflavones. In this study, we investigated a novel isoflavone, glycinol, a precursor to glyceollin that is produced in elicited soy. Sensitive and specific in vitro bioassays were used to determine that glycinol exhibits potent estrogenic activity. Estrogen-based reporter assays were performed, and glycinol displayed a marked estrogenic effect on estrogen receptor (ER) signaling between 1 and 10 microM, which correlated with comparable colony formation of MCF-7 cells at 10 microM. Glycinol also induced the expression of estrogen-responsive genes (progesterone receptor and stromal-cell-derived factor-1). Competitive binding assays revealed a high affinity of glycinol for both ER alpha (IC(50) = 13.8 nM) and ER beta (IC(50) = 9.1 nM). In addition, ligand receptor modeling (docking) studies were performed and glycinol was shown to bind similarly to both ER alpha and ER beta. Taken together, these results suggest for the first time that glycinol is estrogenic and may represent an important component of the health effects of soy-based foods.
P19-22. CD4-targeted delivery of HIV and CCR5 siRNAs by aptamer-siRNA chimeras suppresses HIV infection in primary cells and in human cervical explants (2009)

Background The therapeutic use of small interfering RNAs (siRNA) to prevent or treat HIV infection requires an effective means for in vivo delivery into susceptible target cells. Transfection of lymphocytes is especially difficult, even in vitro. Aptamers, which are small structured nucleic acid sequences that bind with high specificity to individual proteins, provide an attractive approach for cell-specific targeting.
The SCL gene is formed from a transcriptionally complex locus. (1990)

We describe the structural organization of the human SCL gene, a helix-loop-helix family member which we believe plays a fundamental role in hematopoietic differentiation. The SCL locus is composed of eight exons distributed over 16 kb. SCL shows a pattern of expression quite restricted to early hematopoietic tissues, although in malignant states expression of the gene may be somewhat extended into later developmental stages. A detailed analysis of the transcript(s) arising from the SCL locus revealed that (i) the 5' noncoding portion of the SCL transcript, which resides within a CpG island, has a complex pattern of alternative exon utilization as well as two distinct transcription initiation sites; (ii) the 5' portions of the SCL transcript contain features that suggest a possible regulatory role for these segments; (iii) the pattern of utilization of the 5' exons is cell lineage dependent; and (iv) all of the currently studied chromosomal aberrations that affect the SCL locus either structurally or functionally eliminate the normal 5' transcription initiation sites. These data suggest that the SCL gene, and specifically its 5' region, may be a target for regulatory interactions during early hematopoietic development.
Process optimization study of non-sparking titanium diboride tool materials. Research report, 1 July--28 October 1973 (1973)

A range of processing conditions and compositions were evaluated in order to optimize the properties of TiB/sub 2/-(Ni, Cu) composites for application as a non-sparking tool material for use in coal mining operations. Fifty billets containing from 70 to 95 weight percent titanium diboride were hot pressed at 3000 psi between 2400F and 2650F. Samples which were cut from these billets were used to measure hardness, bend strength and impact strength so that composition/processing optimization could be effected. Eight compositions selected on this basis were evaluated by incendivity tests in order to choose the best composition. The best results were obtained for an 85 w/o TiB/sub 2/-12 w/o Cu-3 w/o Ni composite hot pressed at 2650F and 3000 psi. This material appears to be the best choice for fabrication of coal cutter bits to be evaluated in field tests. (Author) (GRA)
Nonparametric Cyclic Correlation Based Detection for Cognitive Radio Systems (2008)

In this paper a nonparametric cyclic correlation estimator based on complex generalization of sign function is proposed. Theoretical justification for detecting cyclostationary signals is provided. Asymptotic distribution of the estimator under null hypothesis is established. Constant false alarm rate (CFAR) tests based on estimated sign cyclic correlation are derived for single-user and collaborative spectrum sensing. Simulation experiments comparing the proposed method with cyclostationarity based spectrum sensing methods employing the classical cyclic correlation estimator are performed. Nonparametric statistics provide additional robustness when noise statistics are non-Gaussian or not fully known. Simulations demonstrate the reliable performance and robustness of the proposed non-parametric spectrum sensing method in both Gaussian and non-Gaussian noise environments.
Expression of reverse cholesterol transport proteins ATP-binding cassette A1 (ABCA1) and scavenger receptor BI (SR-BI) in the retina and retinal pigment epithelium (2009)

RPE cells express ABCA1 and SR-BI. This implies a significant role for SR-BI and ABCA1 in lipid transport and RCT in the retina and RPE.
Double-stranded RNA Oral Delivery Methods to Induce RNA Interference in Phloem and Plant-sap-feeding Hemipteran Insects (2018)

Phloem and plant sap feeding insects invade the integrity of crops and fruits to retrieve nutrients, in the process damaging food crops. Hemipteran insects account for a number of economically substantial pests of plants that cause damage to crops by feeding on phloem sap. The brown marmorated stink bug (BMSB), Halyomorpha halys (Heteroptera: Pentatomidae) and the Asian citrus psyllid (ACP), Diaphorina citri Kuwayama (Hemiptera: Liviidae) are hemipteran insect pests introduced in North America, where they are an invasive agricultural pest of high-value specialty, row, and staple crops and citrus fruits, as well as a nuisance pest when they aggregate indoors. Insecticide resistance in many species has led to the development of alternate methods of pest management strategies. Double-stranded RNA (dsRNA)-mediated RNA interference (RNAi) is a gene silencing mechanism for functional genomic studies that has potential applications as a tool for the management of insect pests. Exogenously synthesized dsRNA or small interfering RNA (siRNA) can trigger highly efficient gene silencing through the degradation of endogenous RNA, which is homologous to that presented. Effective and environmental use of RNAi as molecular biopesticides for biocontrol of hemipteran insects requires the in vivo delivery of dsRNAs through feeding. Here we demonstrate methods for delivery of dsRNA to insects: loading of dsRNA into green beans by immersion, and absorbing of gene-specific dsRNA with oral delivery through ingestion. We have also outlined non-transgenic plant delivery approaches using foliar sprays, root drench, trunk injections as well as clay granules, all of which may be essential for sustained release of dsRNA. Efficient delivery by orally ingested dsRNA was confirmed as an effective dosage to induce a significant decrease in expression of targeted genes, such as juvenile hormone acid O-methyltransferase (JHAMT) and vitellogenin (Vg). These innovative methods represent strategies for delivery of dsRNA to use in crop protection and overcome environmental challenges for pest management.
Exploratory Analysis of a Smartphone-Based Travel Survey in Singapore (2015)

Future Mobility Sensing (FMS) is an innovative smartphone-based travel survey that was field-tested in 2012 and 2013, together with the Household Interview Travel Survey (HITS), in Singapore. This paper presents the findings of an exploratory analysis of the data collected in this test. The clustering of the day patterns from the FMS data revealed a large day-to-day variability of user behavior that could not be captured by a snapshot with a 1-day survey. Even the high cross-sectional variability from the larger sample size of a traditional survey would not have achieved the comprehensive set of heterogeneous patterns provided by FMS. Some common problems in traditional surveys—such as the underreporting of trips, the overestimation of travel times, and the inaccuracy of locations and times—can apparently be reduced by FMS. The FMS data have higher resolution and better accuracy compared with the HITS data. In addition, FMS is well suited to the collection of multiday data because additional costs are marginal and the user burden decreases over time. FMS offers a promising technology for the next generation of travel data collection.
Electrical stimulation for control of bladder function (2009)

Electrical stimulation of sensory fibers in the pudendal nerve can generate either inhibition or activation of the bladder, and this is a promising approach to restoration of continence and micturition in neurological disease or injury. We review studies of pudendal afferent stimulation to excite the bladder and enhance bladder emptying in urinary retention or restore bladder emptying following spinal cord injury.
Path Planning for Collision Avoidance Maneuver (2013)

This paper summarizes the development of an optimal path planning algorithm for collision avoidance maneuver. The goal of the optimal path is to minimize distance to the target vehicle ahead of the host vehicle subject to vehicle and environment constraints. Such path constrained by allowable lateral (centripetal) acceleration and lateral acceleration rate (jerk). Two algorithms with and without lateral jerk limitation, are presented. The algorithms were implemented in Simulink and verified in CarSim. The results indicate that the lateral jerk limitation increases time-to-collision threshold and leads to a larger distance to the target required for emergency lane change. Collision avoidance path without lateral jerk limitation minimizes the distance to the target vehicle and is suitable for path tracking control in real-time application; however tracking such a path requires very aggressive control.
CD28 ligation in T-cell activation: evidence for two signal transduction pathways (1990)

The CD28 homodimer is thought to function as a signal transducing receptor during activation of T cells. Evidence is presented that the degree of aggregation of CD28 on the cell surface regulates two distinct CD28-associated signals. Binding of bivalent CD28 monoclonal antibody (MoAb) 9.3 upregulates lymphokine production by messenger RNA (mRNA) stabilization, without direct initiation of lymphokine mRNA transcription. This signal was not dependent on inositol phospholipid production or activation of a protein tyrosine kinase (PTK). In contrast, further crosslinking of CD28 on the cell surface rapidly induced formation of large amounts of inositol trisphosphate (InsP3) and increased cytoplasmic calcium concentration [( Ca2+]i), but did not stimulate PTK. CD28 crosslinking directly activated a subset of resting T cells, since CD25 (interleukin [IL]-2 receptor alpha chain) mRNA was rapidly induced in purified T cells, and proliferation, even without addition of exogenous IL-2, was sometimes observed. CD25 expression was detected on the cell surface of approximately 20% of CD4+ T cells. The degree of CD28 aggregation required for activation was investigated by preparing soluble 9.3 x 9.3 conjugates ranging in size from approximately 300 Kd to greater than 1,000 Kd, and comparing their function in T-cell proliferation assays with phorbol-12-myristate-13-acetate (PMA), anti-CD3, or IL-2. There was a correlation between conjugate size and proliferation with IL-2, whereas costimulation with PMA or CD3 was optimized at a lower degree of CD28 aggregation. The inositol phospholipid (InsP) generation and increase in [Ca2+]i after CD28 receptor aggregation appeared to proceed through a pathway different from the CD3/T-cell receptor (TCR) pathway since it was enhanced by pretreatment with PMA, while the InsP and [Ca2+]i signal from crosslinking CD3 was suppressed by PMA. Furthermore, the proliferation response to CD28 aggregation was resistant to inhibition by CD3 modulation. Thus, CD28 aggregation appears to trigger a phospholipase C activation pathway that differs from the CD3/TCR-linked pathway.
C‐C chemokine receptor 2b (CCR2b) signaling: a comparison of a dog‐human chimeric receptor with the endogenously expressed human receptor (2007)

C‐C chemokine receptor 2b (CCR2b) and its ligand, monocyte chemoattractant protein‐1 (MCP‐1), have been implicated in chronic pain. Antagonists of CCR2b are reported to have poor cross‐species activity. To investigate species‐specificity in CCR2b signaling, we constructed a chimeric dog/human receptor. Human CCR2b sequence at the N‐ and C‐termini (including the N‐terminal high affinity MCP‐1 binding site) was coupled with intervening dog CCR2b sequence (TM1 to TM7, including the likely low affinity binding site). We compared the pharmacology of CHOK1 cells stably expressing d/hCCR2b and THP‐1 cells, a monocytic cell line endogenously expressing hCCR2b. In calcium flux assays, both cell lines responded similarly when stimulated with hMCP‐1 (EC 50 of 1.5 to 5 nM), implying a functional equivalence between the chimeric and wild‐type receptors. Calcium flux in d/hCCR2‐CHOK1 cells was sensitive to pertussis toxin, indicating normal Gi coupling. However, a CCR2b antagonist with an IC 50 of 300 nM in THP‐1 cells was substantially less potent at inhibiting hMCP‐1 induced signaling in d/hCCR2b‐expressing cells. In addition, increasing doses of the antagonist decreased the maximal response in these cells, suggesting a non‐competitive interaction. Additional mutation studies and characterization of the effects of MCP‐1 from other species may further reveal the species‐specificity of the pharmacology of CCR2b.
Engineering Hydrophobic Organosilica Nanoparticle-Doped Nanofibers for Enhanced and Fouling Resistant Membrane Distillation (2016)

Engineering and scaling-up new materials for better water desalination are imperative to find alternative fresh water sources to meet future demands. Herein, the fabrication of hydrophobic poly(ether imide) composite nanofiber membranes doped with novel ethylene-pentafluorophenylene-based periodic mesoporous organosilica nanoparticles is reported for enhanced and fouling resistant membrane distillation. Novel organosilica nanoparticles were homogeneously incorporated into electrospun nanofiber membranes depicting a proportional increase of hydrophobicity to the particle contents. Direct contact membrane distillation experiments on the organosilica-doped membrane with only 5% doping showed an increase of flux of 140% compared to commercial membranes. The high porosity of organosilica nanoparticles was further utilized to load the eugenol antimicrobial agent which produced a dramatic enhancement of the antibiofouling properties of the membrane of 70% after 24 h.
<title>Boresighting Of Airborne Laser Designator Systems</title> (1980)

Several techniques are described for boresighting 1.06 pm designator lasers to visual, TV, and forward looking infrared (FLIR) sights. One concept can be used to boresight all three types of sights, even in flight with relative motion between the laser designator system and the boresight module. Special factory hardware incorporating a CO2 laser, a reflective beam expander telescope, and a phosphor thermal imaging disk was developed for precision alignment of the laser input and FLIR output lines of sight of the boresight module. The operation and effectiveness of the boresight module is illustrated by airborne sensor video imagery and missile firing test results.
Cell with febr/sub 3/ cathode (1985)

A non-aqeous electrochemical cell having an alkali or alkaline earth metal anode, an inorganic electrolyte comprised of an electrolyte salt and sulfur dioxide and a cathode comprised of FeBr/sub 3/.
Inducing Embryonic Stem Cells to Differentiate into Pancreatic β Cells by a Novel Three‐Step Approach with Activin A and All‐ <i>Trans</i> Retinoic Acid (2005)

Experimental induction of embryonic stem cells (ESCs) to become pancreatic beta cells can potentially provide ample resource for cell transplantation therapy of type I diabetes mellitus. Most of the previously reported induction strategies were long and complicated, and some required genetic manipulation. Moreover, it has been indicated that the insulin staining of ESC progeny was insulin uptake from the culture medium. Here we show that a simple three-step experimental approach based on the combination induction by activin A, all-trans retinoic acid, and other mature factors is able to induce murine ESCs to differentiate into insulin-producing cells in 2 weeks, and that insulin release of these induced cells is regulated by the glucose concentration. Our insulin-enhanced green fluorescent green protein reporter system excludes the possibility of insulin uptake. Transplantation of these ESC-derived insulin-positive cells can normalize blood glucose levels and rescue the survival of streptozocin-induced diabetic mice. The findings reported here offer a novel in vitro model to study the differentiation mechanism of pancreatic beta cells and a potential source of insulin-producing cells for transplantation therapy of type I diabetes mellitus.
Targeting the human MUC1-C oncoprotein with an antibody-drug conjugate (2018)

Mucin 1 (MUC1) is a heterodimeric protein that is aberrantly overexpressed on the surface of diverse human carcinomas and is an attractive target for the development of mAb-based therapeutics. However, attempts at targeting the shed MUC1 N-terminal subunit have been unsuccessful. We report here the generation of mAb 3D1 against the nonshed oncogenic MUC1 C-terminal (MUC1-C) subunit. We show that mAb 3D1 binds with low nM affinity to the MUC1-C extracellular domain at the restricted α3 helix. mAb 3D1 reactivity is selective for MUC1-C-expressing human cancer cell lines and primary cancer cells. Internalization of mAb 3D1 into cancer cells further supported the conjugation of mAb 3D1 to monomethyl auristatin E (MMAE). The mAb 3D1-MMAE antibody-drug conjugate (ADC) (a) kills MUC1-C-positive cells in vitro, (b) is nontoxic in MUC1-transgenic (MUC1.Tg) mice, and (c) is active against human HCC827 lung tumor xenografts. Humanized mAb (humAb) 3D1 conjugated to MMAE also exhibited antitumor activity in (a) MUC1.Tg mice harboring syngeneic MC-38/MUC1 tumors, (b) nude mice bearing human ZR-75-1 breast tumors, and (c) NCG mice engrafted with a patient-derived triple-negative breast cancer. These findings and the absence of associated toxicities support clinical development of humAb 3D1-MMAE ADCs as a therapeutic for the many cancers with MUC1-C overexpression.