gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
FPGA-based reconfigurable processor for ultrafast interlaced ultrasound and photoacoustic imaging (2012)

In this paper, we report, to the best of our knowledge, a unique field-programmable gate array (FPGA)-based reconfigurable processor for real-time interlaced co-registered ultrasound and photoacoustic imaging and its application in imaging tumor dynamic response. The FPGA is used to control, acquire, store, delay-and-sum, and transfer the data for real-time co-registered imaging. The FPGA controls the ultrasound transmission and ultrasound and photoacoustic data acquisition process of a customized 16-channel module that contains all of the necessary analog and digital circuits. The 16-channel module is one of multiple modules plugged into a motherboard; their beamformed outputs are made available for a digital signal processor (DSP) to access using an external memory interface (EMIF). The FPGA performs a key role through ultrafast reconfiguration and adaptation of its structure to allow real-time switching between the two imaging modes, including transmission control, laser synchronization, internal memory structure, beamforming, and EMIF structure and memory size. It performs another role by parallel accessing of internal memories and multi-thread processing to reduce the transfer of data and the processing load on the DSP. Furthermore, because the laser will be pulsing even during ultrasound pulse-echo acquisition, the FPGA ensures that the laser pulses are far enough from the pulse-echo acquisitions by appropriate time-division multiplexing (TDM). A co-registered ultrasound and photoacoustic imaging system consisting of four FPGA modules (64-channels) is constructed, and its performance is demonstrated using phantom targets and in vivo mouse tumor models.
Pd-catalyzed carbonylative access to aroyl phosphonates from (hetero)aryl bromides (2015)

The first transition-metal catalysed carbonylation with a phosphorus nucleophile is presented. This transformation provides efficient and mild access to aroylphosphonates under mild conditions, thus ensuring a broad substrate scope. The utility of aroylphosphonates as useful reagents, capable of participating in a number of transformations, is subsequently demonstrated. Furthermore, access to [(13)C]-carbonyl labelled aroylphosphonates is easily realised for the first time, as only a near stoichiometric amount of CO is required applying this carbonylation.
Detection of SV40 in colon cancer: A molecular case–control study from Northeast Italy (2010)

To explore the involvement of the simian polyomavirus SV40 in human colon cancer, a molecular case-control study was undertaken in patients and in their relatives living in an area where the spread of SV40 has already been documented. From 2006 to 2008, 94 colon cancer patients (age: 37-90 years) and 91 subjects (age: 32-70 years) relatives of each index case were enrolled. A blood sample and a specimen of cancer tissue or biopsy were collected, from each patient or control, respectively. Samples were analyzed twice for Polyomavirus (i.e., SV40, JCV, and BKV) by PCR and by quantitative real-time PCR (RT-qPCR) with reproducible results. No BKV/JCV was detected either in normal or pathological tissues. SV40 was not present in control subjects, either normal tissue or in biopsies from adenomas or polyps. All blood samples were negative. Conversely, six adenocarcinoma specimens were positive for SV40 sequences (overall prevalence 6.4%, P = 0.03 in comparison with controls). Nevertheless, the SV40-associated colon cancer risk proved statistically not significant (OR = 3.91; P = 0.115) when adjusted for age. Quantitation of SV40 DNA performed by RT-qPCR showed a low viral load ranging from 6.2 x 10(1) to 9 x 10(3) copies per reaction. This molecular case-control survey showed, for the first time in fresh samples and by RT-qPCR, that SV40 can be detected in colon cancer tissue. However, the finding was not statistically significant when compared with a well-structured community control group. Thus, the role of SV40 and other polyomavirus in colon cancer genesis deserves further investigation.
Enabling Multi-Functional 5G and Beyond User Equipment: A Survey and Tutorial (2019)

The fifth generation (5G) research and development has been fueled by many new breakthroughs in various areas. The recent progress in carrier aggregation (CA), licensed assisted access (LAA), massive MIMO (MaMi), beamforming techniques, cooperative spectrum sensing (CSS), compressive sensing (CS), machine learning, etc., has provided inspiring and promising approaches to address 5G and beyond challenges. However, at the user equipment (UE) end, limited design budget and hardware resources bring along a series of challenging implementation issues when delivering multi-standard and multi-functional wireless communications. In this paper, we first review recent advances in technical standards and critical enabling techniques, accompanied with several case studies of product developments. After the classification of typical 5G application and deployment scenarios, we propose and analyze a novel hardware reuse and multiplexing solution to facilitate cost-effective and energy-efficient UE design, followed by an investigation of state-of-the-art hardware development from the systems and circuits standpoint. Moreover, wireless UE hardware solutions, UE proof-of-concept (PoC) implementation and field test are proposed and discussed. Finally, the new trends of UE design and terahertz technologies for 5G and beyond applications are investigated and envisioned.
A Prospective Study of Fruit and Vegetable Intake and the Risk of Type 2 Diabetes in Women (2004)

Fruits and vegetables contain many beneficial nutrients and phytochemicals that are thought to protect against cardiovascular disease (1,2) and diabetes (3–5). Further, different types of vegetables and fruits may differ in their contents of carbohydrates, antioxidants, vitamins, minerals, and other unidentified phytochemicals. However, epidemiologic data on fruit and vegetable intake and type 2 diabetes are very limited. To evaluate the hypothesis that a high intake of fruits and vegetables protects against the incidence of type 2 diabetes and to explore whether specific subgroups of fruits and vegetables differentially affect diabetes risk, we analyzed prospective data from the Women’s Health Study (WHS) from 1993 to 2003.

The WHS comprised 39,876 female health professionals aged ≥45 years who were free of heart disease, stroke, or cancer at baseline. Detailed diet information was provided by 38,018 (95%) of the participants without previously diagnosed diabetes at baseline and who completed a 131-item semiquantitative food frequency questionnaire (6).

This semiquantitative food frequency questionnaire, including 28 vegetable and 16 fruit items, has demonstrated reasonably good validity as a measure of long-term dietary intakes in women (6). The average daily intakes of individual fruits and vegetables were calculated by multiplying the intake frequency by the portion size of the specific items. Intake of total fruits and vegetables was then computed by summing over the intake of individual items. We divided the vegetables into groups, including cruciferous (broccoli, …
Silicone-Silver Penile Prosthesis: Description, Operative Approach and Results (1980)

A silicone penile prosthesis in which silver wires are embedded to allow for voluntary bending of the penis for urination and resting position and for straightening for intercourse is described. The implantation is done via a hemicircular incision on the dorsum of the penis in the sulcus coronarius. Buck's fascia is identified and opened, and the corpora are dilated up to 30F. After the exact length is determined with a special sizer the prosthesis is slipped into each corpus cavernosum. The advantage of this approach is the optimal insertion of the prosthesis distal to the sulcus coronarius, thereby preventing kinking of the glans during intercourse. Our experiences with the implantation in 17 patients followed for 1 to 14 months showed successful results in 15.
Classifier-Adjusted Density Estimation for Anomaly Detection and One-Class Classification (2014)

Density estimation methods are often regarded as unsuitable for anomaly detection in high-dimensional data due to the difficulty of estimating multivariate probability distributions. Instead, the scores from popular distance- and local-density-based methods, such as local outlier factor (LOF), are used as surrogates for probability densities. We question this infeasibility assumption and explore a family of simple statistically-based density estimates constructed by combining a probabilistic classifier with a naive density estimate. Across a number of semi-supervised and unsupervised problems formed from real-world data sets, we show that these methods are competitive with LOF and that even simple density estimates that assume attribute independence can perform strongly. We show that these density estimation methods scale well to data with high dimensionality and that they are robust to the problem of irrelevant attributes that plagues methods based on local estimates.
PDAs arrive: but aren't quite here yet (1993)

Fixed IAI dosing regimen for 12 months demonstrated improved anatomic and vision endpoints in subjects with active exudative AMD.
Bortezomib-Based Chemotherapy Reduces Early Mortality and Improves Outcomes in Patients with Ultra-High-Risk Light-Chain Amyloidosis (2018)

Abstract 【Introduction】Patients with amyloid light-chain (AL) amyloidosis who have advanced cardiac damage are at risk of premature mortality. Currently, bortezomib is the mainstay in the treatment of AL amyloidosis, but the benefits of bortezomib in patients with ultra-high-risk AL amyloidosis have not been proved definitively. In current study, we aimed to establish the effects of bortezomib on early mortality, treatment responses and long-term outcomes in this very high-risk population. 【Methods】We performed a retrospective analysis of patients newly diagnosed with ultra-high-risk (defined by 2004 Mayo Stage IIIb or 2012 Mayo stage IV criteria) AL amyloidosis who received a bortezomib-based regimen or supportive treatment from January 1, 2009 to April 1, 2018 in our hospital. Kaplan-Meier survival curves were plotted. Between-group comparisons of progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) were conducted with the log-rank test. To examine the impact of treatment on patients who survived long enough to have potentially benefited from therapy, a 6-month landmark analysis was performed among patients surviving at least 6 months from the start of treatment. 【Results】Patients receiving bortezomib-containing chemotherapy (n = 62) and patients receiving no chemotherapy (n = 24) were included. The overall median age at presentation was 59 years (range 37-81 years), with a male: female ratio of 2.2:1. Organ involvement included the heart (100%), kidney (68.6%) and liver (25.6%). The median number of chemotherapy cycles was four (range 1-12). The overall hematological response rate in the bortezomib group was 59.3%, with 42.6% achieving a complete response, 7.4% having a VGPR. A cardiac response was observed in 36.7% of patients. With an overall median follow-up of 24.3 months, median OS was 30 months in the bortezomib group and 2 months in the control group (p < 0.001) (Figure 1-A), and median PFS was 15.8 months (bortezomib) and 2 months (control; p < 0.001) (Figure 1-B). The early-death rate (within 6 months of diagnosis) was 32.3% (bortezomib) and 66.7% (control; p < 0.001). In a landmark analysis assessing outcomes in patients surviving beyond 6 months, the 2-year OS and PFS in the bortezomib group were 77.3% and 65.8%, respectively. 【Conclusions】Bortezomib-based regimens can help to reduce early mortality and improve long-term survival in patients with ultra-high-risk AL amyloidosis, especially in those who achieve a threshold hematological response. We recommend that both physicians and patients should always consider chemotherapy, regardless of the disease stage, as long as treatment-related complications are controllable. Figure 1. Figure 1. Disclosures No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.
Low-latency speaker diarization based on Bayesian information criterion with multiple phoneme classes (2012)

Low-latency speaker diarization is desirable for online-oriented speaker adaptation in real-time speech recognition. Especially in spontaneous conversations, several speakers tend to speak alternatively and continuously without any silence in between utterances. We therefore propose a speaker diarization method that detects speaker-change points and determines the speaker with a fixed low latency on the basis of a Bayesian information criterion (BIC) by using acoustic features classified into multiple phoneme classes. To improve the accuracy of speaker diarization in the low latency condition, the speaker-decision is made continuously at each phoneme boundary. In an experiment on conversational broadcast news programs, our diarization method reduced the speaker diarization error rate relatively by 20.0% compared to the conventional BIC with a single phoneme class. The online speaker adaptation applied in a speech-recognition experiment reduced word error rate at speaker-change points relatively by 7.8%.
Interleukin‐2 down‐modulates memory T helper lymphocyte development during antigenic stimulation <i>in vitro</i> (1995)

Using an in vitro antigenic stimulation model of murine spleen cells in the presence of the immunosuppressor cyclosporin A (CSA) we have previously reported that not only does this drug not interfere with the differentiation of T lymphocytes into memory cells it appears to favor this differentiation (Motta, I. et al., Eur. J. Immunol. 1991. 21:551). Because CSA blocks interleukin-2 (IL-2) gene expression, we have analyzed the effect of this cytokine on memory T helper cell development. Murine splenic cells were primed for 6 days with sheep red blood cells (SRBC) in protocols in which either IL-2 was not produced or its biological activity was neutralized by anti-IL-2 receptor (R) antibodies. The helper function of the recovered T cells was revealed by their capacity to help virgin B splenocytes produce anti-SRBC antibodies upon challenge in vitro. We found that CD4+ cells primed in the absence of IL-2, provoked either by IL-2 gene transcription blockade by CSA or by treatment with anti-IL-2R antibodies, afford the best helper functions. These cells exhibit a memory-type phenotype characterized by the low expression of the MEL-14 marker and the high expression of the CD44 marker. Evidence is also presented that memory T helper cells originate in part from naive subset displaying the MEL-14hi phenotype. The pattern of expression of the genes encoding different cytokines (IL-2, IL-4, IL-5 and interferon-gamma) following a secondary antigenic stimulation shows that the helper function of the cells primed in the absence of IL-2 correlates with the up-regulation of the IL-2 and the IL-5 genes. From these data, we conclude that IL-2 plays a major role in the control of memory T helper cell induction.
Photoelectrochemical Properties of p-Type GaN in Comparison with n-Type GaN (2005)

We studied the photoelectrochemical properties of p-type GaN compared with those of n-type GaN. Band-edge potentials of p-type GaN were determined from the Mott–Schottky plot, and we clarified the potentials to be identical to those of n-type GaN. Photocurrent in p-type GaN shows its potential as an electrode for photoelectrolysis of water.
Rank annihilation with incomplete information (1986)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTRank annihilation with incomplete informationDavid H. Burns, James B. Callis, and Gary D. ChristianCite this: Anal. Chem. 1986, 58, 13, 2805–2811Publication Date (Print):November 1, 1986Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 November 1986https://doi.org/10.1021/ac00126a049RIGHTS & PERMISSIONSArticle Views36Altmetric-Citations21LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (786 KB) Get e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
The counting stroop: An interference task specialized for functional neuroimaging-validation study with functional MRI (1998)

The anterior cingulate cortex has been activated by color Stroop tasks, supporting the hypothesis that it is recruited to mediate response selection or allocate attentional resources when confronted with competing information-processing streams. The current study used the newly developed "Counting Stroop" to identify the mediating neural substrate of cognitive interference. The Counting Stroop, a Stroop variant allowing on-line response time measurements while obviating speech, was created because speaking produces head movements that can exceed those tolerated by functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI), preventing the collection of vital performance data. During this task, subjects report by button-press the number of words (1-4) on the screen, regardless of word meaning. Interference trials contain number words that are incongruent with the correct response (e.g., "two" written three times), while neutral trials contain single semantic category common animals (e.g., "bird"). Nine normal right-handed adult volunteers underwent fMRI while performing the Counting Stroop. Group fMRI data revealed significant (P < or = 10(-4) activity in the cognitive division of anterior cingulate cortex when contrasting the interference vs. neutral conditions. On-line performance data showed 1) longer reaction times for interference blocks than for neutral ones, and 2) decreasing reaction times with practice during interference trials (diminished interference effects), indicating that learning occurred. The performance data proved to be a useful guide in analyzing the image data. The relative difference in anterior cingulate activity between the interference and neutral conditions decreased as subjects learned the task. These findings have ramifications for attentional, cognitive interference, learning, and motor control mechanism theories.
Improving baseline stability of gas sensors based on organic field-effect transistors by monitoring carrier mobility (2011)

We have investigated the baseline stability of gas sensors based on organic field-effect transistors (OFETs). The time response of the drain current, carrier mobility, and threshold voltage to exposure to humidity were monitored. The extraction of these multiple parameters has so far been reported in order to enhance sensitivity and/or discrimination. We found that the time response of the carrier mobility possesses baseline stability, as opposed to the drain current and threshold voltage. The baseline drifts with time are mainly due to shifts in the threshold voltage that affect the drain current. Our results are expected to assist in making OFET-based gas sensors suitable for practical applications.
The amino acid sequence of human ribonuclease 4, a highly conserved ribonuclease that cleaves specifically on the 3′ side of uridine (1993)

A ribonuclease (RNase) that cleaves specifically on the 3' side of uridine [Shapiro, R., Fett, J. W., Strydom, D. J. & Vallee, B. L. (1986a) Biochemistry 25, 7255-7264] was purified from human plasma and its amino acid sequence was determined. This protein is a 119-residue single-chain polypeptide cross-linked by four disulfide bonds and has an amino-terminal pyroglutaminyl residue. No post-translational modifications were observed during extensive sequence studies on peptide fragments, except for the amino-terminal pyroglutamic acid and a possible deamidation of Asn66. The protein is homologous to the pancreatic ribonucleases and angiogenin, but differs substantially from both of these proteins; the protein sequence has 43% identity with human pancreatic ribonuclease and 39% identity with human angiogenin, as compared to 35% identity between human angiogenin and pancreatic ribonuclease. It is referred to as RNase 4, based on the nomenclature currently used for the genes of pancreatic RNase (RNase 1) and the eosinophil-derived RNases (RNase 2 and RNase 3). Virtually all of the RNase active-site components, including the catalytic residues His12, His119 and Lys41, are preserved. However, some invariant residues of RNase 1 are replaced, e.g. Lys7 by arginine, Asp14 by histidine, and Pro42 by arginine. RNase 4 contains a unique two-residue deletion at the position corresponding to amino acids 77 and 78 of pancreatic RNase, and its carboxyterminal sequence is truncated at position 122. The deletion in angiogenin at position 21 is also found in RNase 4. RNase 4 is very similar to two RNases isolated from bovine and porcine liver, and together they form a new family in the RNase superfamily. The degree of inter-species similarity (90%) is much greater than within the pancreatic RNase and angiogenin families, which suggests that this ribonuclease could possess a physiologically important function other than general RNA catabolism.
LiStereo: Generate Dense Depth Maps from LIDAR and Stereo Imagery (2020)

An accurate depth map of the environment is critical to the safe operation of autonomous robots and vehicles. Currently, either light detection and ranging (LIDAR) or stereo matching algorithms are used to acquire such depth information. However, a high-resolution LIDAR is expensive and produces sparse depth map at large range; stereo matching algorithms are able to generate denser depth maps but are typically less accurate than LIDAR at long range. This paper combines these approaches together to generate high-quality dense depth maps. Unlike previous approaches that are trained using ground-truth labels, the proposed model adopts a self-supervised training process. Experiments show that the proposed method is able to generate high-quality dense depth maps and performs robustly even with low-resolution inputs. This shows the potential to reduce the cost by using LIDARs with lower resolution in concert with stereo systems while maintaining high resolution.