gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Structural basis for the attachment of a paramyxoviral polymerase to its template (2004)

The nucleocapsid of measles virus is the template for viral RNA synthesis and is generated through packaging of the genomic RNA by the nucleocapsid protein (N). The viral polymerase associates with the nucleocapsid through a small, trihelical binding domain at the carboxyl terminus of the phosphoprotein (P). Translocation of the polymerase along the nucleocapsid during RNA synthesis is thought to involve the repeated attachment and release of the binding domain. We have investigated the interaction between the binding domain from measles P (amino acids 457-507) and the sequence it recognizes within measles N (amino acids 477-505). By using both solution NMR spectroscopy and x-ray crystallography, we show that N(487-503) binds as a helix to the surface created by the second (alpha2) and third (alpha3) helices of P(457-507), in an orientation parallel to the helix alpha3, creating a four-helix bundle. The binding interface is tightly packed and dominated by hydrophobic amino acids. Binding and folding of N(487-503) are coupled. However, when not bound to P, N(487-503) does not resemble a statistical random coil but instead exists in a loosely structured state that mimics the bound conformation. We propose that before diffusional encounter, the ensemble of accessible conformations for N(487-503) is biased toward structures capable of binding P, facilitating rapid association of the two proteins. This study provides a structural analysis of polymerase-template interactions in a paramyxovirus and presents an example of a protein-protein interaction that must be only transiently maintained as part of its normal function.
On the Performance and Operability of GE’s Dry Low NO Combustors utilizing Exhaust Gas Recirculation for PostCombustion Carbon Capture (2009)

The capture and sequestration of CO2 will be necessary to mitigate CO2 emissions from fossil fuel (coal, oil, natural gas or biomass) power generation facilities in a carbon constrained world. Post combustion carbon capture is a viable technology alternative to reduce CO2 emissions from power plants in the short term. The CO2 concentration in the exhaust gases of natural fired power plants can be increased through exhaust gas recirculation (EGR). A joint CO2 Capture Project (CCP) and GE study of the Best Integrated Technology (BIT) shows that EGR enables reduced exhaust gas flow to the post combustion capture plant and cost of the CO2 capture. This paper describes the experimental work performed at General Electric Global Research Center in order to better understand the risks of utilizing EGR in combination with dry low NOx (DLN) combustors. A research combustor was developed for exploring the dry low emissions capability of nozzles to operate in low O2 environment. A series of experiments have been conducted at representative gas turbine pressures and temperatures, in an EGR test rig. Exhaust gas generated in a first stage, at pressure, is used to vitiate the fresh air to levels determined by cycle models. Experimental results include the effect of applying EGR on operability, efficiency and emissions performance under conditions of up to 30% EGR (low oxygen). Our findings confirm the feasibility of EGR for enhanced CO2 capture, exceeding the expectations of operability and combustion efficiency predicted by models. In addition, we confirm benefits of NOx reduction while complying with CO emissions in Dry Low NOx Emissions combustors under low oxygen content oxidizer.
Adaptive transmission system relaying (1988)

The use of digital techniques to adapt transmission system protection and control to real-time power system changes is investigated. The discussion covers transmission system protection philosophy, transmission line protection, relay settings, transformer protection, and automatic reclosing. The tradeoff between dependability and security is examined, as well as the various conflicting criteria embodied in transmission line protection. Adaptive strategies that minimize the compromises required and thereby optimize system performance are presented.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
The relationship between job dissatisfaction and training transfer (2011)

The high rates of training transfer failure that prevail still puzzle practitioners as well as researchers. The central aim of the present study is to analyze the relatively under‐researched role of job dissatisfaction in the training transfer process. Specifically, we expect that job dissatisfaction would have a negative effect on transfer but that this effect would be buffered by the expectation of positive transfer consequences and motivation to transfer. To test these hypotheses, 220 participants in different training programs completed an online questionnaire 1 year after training. The results support our assumptions. They reveal that job dissatisfaction has a detrimental effect on training transfer, but that motivation to transfer and the expectation of positive transfer consequences have a buffering effect. The more motivated a person is towards transfer, the less negative is the effect of job dissatisfaction on actual transfer, but only if a person expects positive outcomes from transfer, such as acknowledgment or rewards. The findings are discussed in relation to existing training transfer models, as well as models of job (dis)satisfaction.
Requirement for the Proton‐Pumping NADH Dehydrogenase I of <i>Escherichia Coli</i> in Respiration of NADH to Fumarate and Its Bioenergetic Implications (1997)

In Escherichia coli the expression of the nuo genes encoding the proton pumping NADH dehydrogenase I is stimulated by the presence of fumarate during anaerobic respiration. The regulatory sites required for the induction by fumarate, nitrate and O2 are located at positions around -309, -277, and downstream of -231 bp, respectively, relative to the transcriptional-start site. The fumarate regulator has to be different from the O2 and nitrate regulators ArcA and NarL. For growth by fumarate respiration, the presence of NADH dehydrogenase I was essential, in contrast to aerobic or nitrate respiration which used preferentially NADH dehydrogenase II. The electron transport from NADH to fumarate strongly decreased in a mutant lacking NADH dehydrogenase I. The mutant used acetyl-CoA instead of fumarate to an increased extent as an electron acceptor for NADH, and excreted ethanol. Therefore, NADH dehydrogenase I is essential for NADH-->fumarate respiration, and is able to use menaquinone as an electron acceptor. NADH-->dimethylsulfoxide respiration is also dependent on NADH dehydrogenase I. The consequences for energy conservation by anaerobic respiration with NADH as a donor are discussed.
Electromagnetically induced transparency in ladder-type inhomogeneously broadened media: Theory and experiment (1995)

We develop a theory of electromagnetically induced transparency in a three-level, ladder-type Doppler-broadened medium, paying special attention to the case where the coupling and probe beams are counterpropagating and have similar frequencies, so as to reduce the total Doppler width of the two-photon process. The theory is easily generalized to deal with the \ensuremath{\Lambda} configuration, where the ideal arrangement involves two copropagating beams. We discuss different possible regimes, depending on the relative importance of the various broadening mechanisms, and identify ways to optimize the absorption-reduction effect. The theory is compared to the results of a recent experiment (on a ladder-type system), using the Rb D2 line, with generally very good agreement. The maximum absorption reduction observed (64.4%) appears to be mostly limited by the relatively large (\ensuremath{\sim}5 MHz) linewidth of the diode lasers used in our experiment.
Theoretical Study of the Molecular and Electronic Structures of Neutral Silver Bromide Clusters (AgBr)<i><sub>n</sub></i>, <i>n</i> = 1−9 (2000)

The structures and UV absorption spectra of (AgBr)n clusters (n = 1−9) are investigated in both the gas phase and in a dielectric medium. The structures of clusters were determined at the B3P86 level using a moderate size basis set with full geometry optimization. For clusters with n = 1−6, extensive searches of the potential energy surface yielded only one minimum, while larger clusters displayed two or more minima. Qualitative aspects of the major UV absorption band were also explored. Experimentally, as the clusters grow from monomers to larger systems, this band initially shifts to the blue and then to the red. Our computational results parallel the experimental trends and show that the maximum blue shift occurs at the trimer or the tetramer. The molecular origin of the blue/red shift associated with AgBr cluster growth can be readily explained by examining the orbital interactions which dominate the process and by the structure characteristics of the clusters. Detailed molecular orbital energy level correlation diagrams for the dimerization, trimerization, and tetramerization are also presented.
Anti-Melanocortin-4 Receptor Autoantibodies in Obesity (2008)

These observations suggest that inhibitory anti-MC4R autoAbs might contribute to the development of obesity in a small subpopulation of patients.
[Response of the coronary arteries to cold test and flow velocity increase is improved by deferoxamine but not by L-arginine in diabetic patients]. (1997)

1) responses of angiography normal CA to CPT and to flow increase are impaired in diabetic patients; 2) abnormal responses are not improved by L-arg suggesting that a deficit in substrate for NO synthesis is not involved; 3) DFX restores a vasodilator response to the 2 tests suggesting that inactivation of NO by superoxide radicals might be partly responsible of the impairment of CA dilatation in diabetic patients.
Metallic Adhesion Layer Induced Plasmon Damping and Molecular Linker as a Nondamping Alternative (2012)

Drastic chemical interface plasmon damping is induced by the ultrathin (∼2 nm) titanium (Ti) adhesion layer; alternatively, molecular adhesion is implemented for lithographic fabrication of plasmonic nanostructures without significant distortion of the plasmonic characteristics. As determined from the homogeneous linewidth of the resonance scattering spectrum of individual gold nanorods, an ultrathin Ti layer reduces the plasmon dephasing time significantly, and it reduces the plasmon scattering amplitude drastically. The increased damping rate and decreased plasmon amplitude are due to the dissipative dielectric function of Ti and the chemical interface plasmon damping where the conduction electrons are transferred across the metal-metal interface. In addition, a pronounced red shift due to the Ti adhesion layer, more than predicted using electromagnetic simulation, suggests the prevalence of interfacial reactions. By extending the experiment to conductively coupled ring-rod nanostructures, it is shown that a sharp Fano-like resonance feature is smeared out due to the Ti layer. Alternatively, vapor deposition of (3-mercaptopropyl)trimethoxysilane on gently cleaned and activated lithographic patterns functionalizes the glass surface sufficiently to link the gold nanostructures to the surface by sulfur-gold chemical bonds without observable plasmon damping effects.
Voltage-control spintronics memory (VoCSM) having potentials of ultra-low energy-consumption and high-density (2016)

We propose a new spintronics-based memory employing the voltage-control-magnetic-anisotropy effect as a bit selecting principle and the spin-orbit-torque effect as a writing principle. We have fabricated the prototype structure, and successfully demonstrated the writing scheme specific to this memory architecture.
A high-performance DSP controlled resonant-commutated converter (2002)

The features of a high-performance power converter based on resonant commutation and applicable to a variety of industrial applications are described. Minimization of switching losses as accomplished by resonant commutation of the power converter is presented. Design and development of the DSP based controller is detailed. Experimental results while the converter supplied passive loads are enclosed and observations summarized.
BLITZEN: a VLSI array processing chip (1989)

An array processing chip for the BLITZEN massively parallel SIMD (single-instruction multiple-data-stream) computer has been developed. The chip includes 128 bit-serial processing elements (PEs) connected in a modified grid. Each PE contains a 16-function logic unit, a single-bit adder, a 32-bit, variable-length shift register, and 1 K of local RAM. The 1-μm CMOS design contains over 1.1 million transistors on a 11.0-mm by 11.7-mm die
Evolving improved <i>Synechococcus</i> Rubisco functional expression in <i>Escherichia coli</i> (2008)

The photosynthetic CO2-fixing enzyme Rubisco [ribulose-P(2) (D-ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate) carboxylase/oxygenase] has long been a target for engineering kinetic improvements. Towards this goal we used an RDE (Rubisco-dependent Escherichia coli) selection system to evolve Synechococcus PCC6301 Form I Rubisco under different selection pressures. In the fastest growing colonies, the Rubisco L (large) subunit substitutions I174V, Q212L, M262T, F345L or F345I were repeatedly selected and shown to increase functional Rubisco expression 4- to 7-fold in the RDE and 5- to 17-fold when expressed in XL1-Blue E. coli. Introducing the F345I L-subunit substitution into Synechococcus PCC7002 Rubisco improved its functional expression 11-fold in XL1-Blue cells but could not elicit functional Arabidopsis Rubisco expression in the bacterium. The L subunit substitutions L161M and M169L were complementary in improving Rubisco yield 11-fold, whereas individually they improved yield approximately 5-fold. In XL1-Blue cells, additional GroE chaperonin enhanced expression of the I174V, Q212L and M262T mutant Rubiscos but engendered little change in the yield of the more assembly-competent F345I or F345L mutants. In contrast, the Rubisco chaperone RbcX stimulated functional assembly of wild-type and mutant Rubiscos. The kinetic properties of the mutated Rubiscos varied with noticeable reductions in carboxylation and oxygenation efficiency accompanying the Q212L mutation and a 2-fold increase in K(ribulose-P2) (K(M) for the substrate ribulose-P2) for the F345L mutant, which was contrary to the approximately 30% reductions in K(ribulose-P2) for the other mutants. These results confirm the RDE systems versatility for identifying mutations that improve functional Rubisco expression in E. coli and provide an impetus for developing the system to screen for kinetic improvements.
Integer‐Valued GARCH Process (2006)

Abstract. An integer‐valued analogue of the classical generalized autoregressive conditional heteroskedastic (GARCH) ( p , q ) model with Poisson deviates is proposed and a condition for the existence of such a process is given. For the case p = 1, q = 1, it is explicitly shown that an integer‐valued GARCH process is a standard autoregressive moving average (1, 1) process. The problem of maximum likelihood estimation of parameters is treated. An application of the model to a real time series with a numerical example is given.
Gas Injection Diesel Engine and Its Application to LNG Carrier (1984)

With regard to possibilities of burning gas fuel on the conventional diesel engine keeping its superior features, the following items were studied.(1) Performance tests were conducted on a test engine. The thermal efficiency equivalent to conventional diesel engine was confirmed to be kept with gas fuel.(2) Basing on the test results, the application design for the fuel system and the governing system was made. The design for the LNG carrier was also carried out, taking into account the arrangement of the gas injection diesel engine, the gas delivery compressor and some special accessories.(3) Feasibility study on propulsion machinery for the LNG carrier was done. As a result, it is found that the LNG carrier with the gas injection diesel engine is more advantageous as compared with the other propulsion machineries.
Reservation conflicts in a novel air interface for ad hoc networks based on UTRA TDD (2003)

Inter vehicle communication (IVC) has become a major topic during the last few years. Within the FleetNet project a novel mobile ad hoc network has been developed - based on the UMTS terrestrial radio access time division duplex (UTRA TDD) air interface - to interconnect vehicles and vehicles with roadside gateways via a mobile Internet. This paper focuses on the possibilities of reservation conflicts in the proposed protocol exploring multiple frequency channels, and outlines the impact on transmission delay and protocol efficiency. Intelligent algorithms to avoid these conflicts are proposed and are evaluated by means of simulations.
The Effect of Laughter Intervention on Swallowing Frequency in the Elderly (2013)

 Abstract The purpose of this study was to assess the effect of laughter intervention on swallowing frequency in the elderly. Our results showed that swallowing frequency decreased after the start of laughter intervention and increased after the laughing intervention. I. Introduction Laughter in humans promotes balance in the autonomic nervous system and activates NK cells. It also activates the stomatognathic system through the contraction of mimetic and other types of muscles related to speech production. Some research has shown that swallowing function decreases with age due to the progressive loss of strength of muscles in the stomatognathic system. Therefore, caregivers in health care facilities are conducting swallowing exercises to improve swallowing function in the elderly. The aim of this study was to assess the effect of laughter intervention on swallowing frequency in elderly residents at a long-term health care facility.
SATé-II: Very Fast and Accurate Simultaneous Estimation of Multiple Sequence Alignments and Phylogenetic Trees (2011)

Highly accurate estimation of phylogenetic trees for large data sets is difficult, in part because multiple sequence alignments must be accurate for phylogeny estimation methods to be accurate. Coestimation of alignments and trees has been attempted but currently only SATé estimates reasonably accurate trees and alignments for large data sets in practical time frames (Liu K., Raghavan S., Nelesen S., Linder C.R., Warnow T. 2009b. Rapid and accurate large-scale coestimation of sequence alignments and phylogenetic trees. Science. 324:1561-1564). Here, we present a modification to the original SATé algorithm that improves upon SATé (which we now call SATé-I) in terms of speed and of phylogenetic and alignment accuracy. SATé-II uses a different divide-and-conquer strategy than SATé-I and so produces smaller more closely related subsets than SATé-I; as a result, SATé-II produces more accurate alignments and trees, can analyze larger data sets, and runs more efficiently than SATé-I. Generally, SATé is a metamethod that takes an existing multiple sequence alignment method as an input parameter and boosts the quality of that alignment method. SATé-II-boosted alignment methods are significantly more accurate than their unboosted versions, and trees based upon these improved alignments are more accurate than trees based upon the original alignments. Because SATé-I used maximum likelihood (ML) methods that treat gaps as missing data to estimate trees and because we found a correlation between the quality of tree/alignment pairs and ML scores, we explored the degree to which SATé's performance depends on using ML with gaps treated as missing data to determine the best tree/alignment pair. We present two lines of evidence that using ML with gaps treated as missing data to optimize the alignment and tree produces very poor results. First, we show that the optimization problem where a set of unaligned DNA sequences is given and the output is the tree and alignment of those sequences that maximize likelihood under the Jukes-Cantor model is uninformative in the worst possible sense. For all inputs, all trees optimize the likelihood score. Second, we show that a greedy heuristic that uses GTR+Gamma ML to optimize the alignment and the tree can produce very poor alignments and trees. Therefore, the excellent performance of SATé-II and SATé-I is not because ML is used as an optimization criterion for choosing the best tree/alignment pair but rather due to the particular divide-and-conquer realignment techniques employed.
Antibody response to Brucella outer membrane proteins in bovine brucellosis: immunoblot analysis and competitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay using monoclonal antibodies (1992)

Sera from Brucella-infected bovines were analyzed by immunoblotting by using sonicated cell extracts of B. melitensis or B. abortus and a competitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) with monoclonal antibodies against outer membrane proteins (OMPs) with molecular masses of 10, 16.5, 19, 25 to 27, 36 to 38, and 89 kDa. Antibody responses against OMPs were compared with antibody responses against smooth lipopolysaccharide. Immunoblot analysis indicated that the antibody response in infected animals was largely different from one animal to another. The antigens of concern were OMPs with molecular masses of 10, 16.5, 19, 25 to 27, 36 to 38, and 89 kDa and other proteins with molecular masses of between 40 and 80 kDa. According to the specificity of the competitive ELISA, OMPs useful for the detection of infected animals are the OMPs of 10, 16.5, 19, 25 to 27, and 36 to 38 kDa. A competitive ELISA with the anti-89 kDa monoclonal antibody was not specific. Results of the competitive ELISA confirmed the individual variability of the humoral immune response against OMPs. It therefore seems that a combination of several protein antigens is necessary for the development of an immunoassay with a sensitivity comparable to that of the smooth lipopolysaccharide ELISA.
Discharge Coefficients of Rotating Short Orifices With Radiused and Chamfered Inlets (2003)

The secondary air system of modern gas turbine engines consists of numerous stationary or rotating passages to transport the cooling air, taken from the compressor, to thermally high loaded components that need cooling. Thereby the cooling air has to be metered by orifices to control the mass flow rate. Especially the discharge behavior of rotating holes may vary in a wide range depending on the actual geometry and the operating point. The exact knowledge of the discharge coefficients of these orifices is essential during the design process in order to guarantee a well adapted distribution of the cooling air inside the engine. This is crucial not only for a safe and efficient operation but also fundamental to predict the component’s life and reliability. In this paper two different methods to correlate discharge coefficients of rotating orifices are described and compared, both in the stationary and rotating frame of reference. The benefits of defining the discharge coefficient in the relative frame of reference will be pointed out. Measurements were conducted for two different length-to-diameter ratios of the orifices with varying inlet geometries. The pressure ratio across the rotor was varied for rotational Reynolds numbers up to Reφ = 8:6 × 105. The results demonstrate the strong influence of rotation on the discharge coefficient. An analysis of the complete data shows significant optimising capabilities depending on the orifice geometry.