gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Laser-emission Based Microscopy for Cancer Diagnosis (2018)

We developed scanning laser-emission microscopy capable of mapping lasing emission from nuclear biomarkers in frozen and paraffin-embedded tissues, which may open a new field in bioimaging with unprecedented contrast for cancer diagnosis and cell biology.
Highly reliable mobile liquid crystal display using AlO<i><sub>x</sub></i> deposited by atomic layer deposition for side sealing structure (2015)

Abstract A side sealing structure including, outside a sealant, AlO x deposited using an atomic layer deposition apparatus was employed for a low‐frequency driving liquid crystal display (LCD) with a bezel width of 0.7 mm. This side‐sealing structure can effectively prevent the entry of external moisture. Prevention of decrease in voltage‐holding ratio was confirmed with a test cell having this structure. A narrow‐bezel LCD with c‐axis‐aligned a‐b‐plane‐anchored crystal In‐Ga‐Zn Oxide backplane can have long‐term high reliability as a low‐frequency driving LCD.
Aluminum Titanate Compositions for Diesel Particulate Filters (2005)

<div class="htmlview paragraph">Compositions in the mixed strontium/calcium feldspar ([Sr/Ca]O·Al<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>·2SiO<sub>2</sub>) - aluminum titanate (Al<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>·TiO<sub>2</sub>) system have been investigated as alternative materials for the diesel particulate filter (DPF) application. A key attribute of these compositions is their low coefficient of thermal expansion (CTE). Samples have been prepared with porosities of &gt;50% having average pore sizes of between 12 and 16μm. The superior thermal shock resistance, increased resistance to ash attack, and high volumetric heat capacity of these materials, coupled with monolithic fabrication, provide certain advantages over currently available silicon carbide products. In addition, based on testing done so far aluminum titanate-based filters have demonstrated chemical durability and comparable pressure drop (both bare and catalyzed) to current, commercially available, silicon carbide products.</div>
Low Serum Homoarginine Is a Novel Risk Factor for Fatal Strokes in Patients Undergoing Coronary Angiography (2011)

Low homoarginine levels are a novel risk factor for fatal strokes and are reduced in patients with a history of cerebrovascular disease. Further studies are needed to explore the significance of homoarginine to risk stratification and therapeutic approaches in the prevention of strokes.
Efficient and Flexible Sensitivity Matrix Computation for Adaptive Electrical Capacitance Volume Tomography (2020)

Electrical capacitance tomography is a widely used sensor modality for flow imaging in many industrial settings. Adaptive electrical capacitance volume tomography (AECVT) extends the capabilities of traditional ECT by enabling direct volumetric imaging and an improved resolution. Construction of the sensitivity matrix is a necessary step to obtain flow images. This step requires the computation of the electric field inside the sensing domain, which is done via a typical field solver, such as the finite-element method. In this work, we present an efficient and flexible method to construct the sensitivity matrix for AECVT based on individual electrode segment excitations and their judicious combination to form desired matrix elements. We illustrate how the proposed method yields the same sensitivity matrix as the traditional method but at a much lower computational cost. Once all segment contributions are obtained, we also indicate how the proposed method, unlike the traditional approach, can generate the sensitivity matrix on demand for an arbitrary combination of synthetic electrodes and obviating the need for any additional field computations. Finally, we present image reconstruction results for two different experimental scenarios where the mutual capacitance data and the corresponding sensitivity vectors are obtained through the proposed measurement combination scheme.
1.3-$\mu$m Amplifier-Free All-Optical 2R Regenerator Using Two-Mode Injection-Locked Distributed Feedback Laser Diode (2006)

This study presents a novel and cost-effective 1.3-mum all-optical 2R regenerator based on a two-mode injection-locked distributed feedback laser diode. The proposed 2R regenerator, with 14.13-dB small signal gain, has achieved an amplifier-free 10-Gb/s straight line transmission over 60 km while keeping the power penalty less than 0.84 dB at bit-error rate (BER) =10 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">-9</sup> . In addition, properties like BER degradation, output extinction ratio, gain, and data-rate transparency are also experimentally investigated
Compiler-driven cached code compression schemes for embedded ILP processors (1999)

During the last 15 years, embedded systems have grown in complexity and performance to rival desktop systems. The architectures of these systems present unique challenges to processor microarchitecture, including instruction encoding and instruction fetch processes. This paper presents new techniques for reducing embedded system code size without reducing functionality. This approach is to extract the pipeline decoder logic for an embedded VLIW processor in software at system development time. The code size reduction is achieved by Huffman compressing or tailor encoding the ISA of the original program. Some interesting results were found. In particular, the degree of compression for the ROM doesn't translate into an improvement in instructions delivered per cycle. Experiments found that when the missprediction penalty of the added Huffman decoder stage was taken into account, a Tailored ISA approach produced higher performance. Methods that compress the entire operation using Huffman encodings, and decompress at ICache hit time still achieved a median performance advantage, while providing higher ROM size savings. All results were generated by an optimizing compiler and tool suite, and presented for an encoding similar to the Intel/HP IA-64 architecture.
Effects of initial seed concentration on the startup of the anaerobic sequencing batch reactor (1996)

This study focused on the startup of the anaerobic sequencing batch reactor (ASBR) developed by Dague and co-workers at Iowa State University. The ASBR relies on four cycles of fill, react, settle and decant. The internal clarification and settling of biomass eliminates the need for a separate clarifier. The batch operation is also important in producing a cyclic behavior in the F/M (food to microorganism) ratio. In the ASBR, the F/M ratio is high immediately after feeding, but low at the end of the react phase. These alternating ``feast`` and ``famine`` conditions in the ASBR are the keys to high substrate conversion to methane (during the feast) and efficient biomass settling (during the famine). This research was undertaken to obtain ASBR startup data which may be used for actual treatment plant startup. The objectives were to develop an effective startup protocol for the ASBR and to determine an optimum granular biomass concentration and organic loading that would result in stable and fast startup. Two reactors were operated as ASBRs, seeded with varying amounts of granular biomass, and used to treat a synthetic milk waste. The startup procedure involved step-wise increases in the organic loading rate until a load of 10more » g COD/L/d was reached.« less
Performance of a Novel Semiclosed Gas-Turbine Refrigeration Combined Cycle (2008)

A thermodynamic performance analysis was performed on a novel cooling and power cycle that combines a semiclosed gas turbine called the high-pressure regenerative turbine engine (HPRTE) with an absorption refrigeration unit. Waste heat from the recirculated combustion gas of the HPRTE is used to power the absorption refrigeration cycle, which cools the high-pressure compressor inlet of the HPRTE to below ambient conditions and also produces excess refrigeration depending on ambient conditions. Two cases were considered: a small engine with a nominal power output of 100kW and a large engine with a nominal power output of 40MW. The cycle was modeled using traditional one-dimensional steady-state thermodynamics, with state-of-the-art polytropic efficiencies and pressure drops for the turbomachinery and heat exchangers, and curve fits for properties of the LiBr-water mixture and the combustion products. The small engine was shown to operate with a thermal efficiency approaching 43% while producing 50% as much 5°C refrigeration as its nominal power output (roughly 50tons) at 30°C ambient conditions. The large engine was shown to operate with a thermal efficiency approaching 62% while producing 25% as much 5°C refrigeration as its nominal power output (roughly 20,000tons) at 30°C ambient conditions. Thermal efficiency stayed relatively constant with respect to ambient temperature for both the large and small engines. It decreased by only 3–4% as the ambient temperature was increased from 10°Cto35°C in each case. The amount of external refrigeration produced by the engine sharply decreased in both engines at around 35°C, eventually reaching zero at roughly 45°C in each case for 5°C refrigeration. However, the evaporator temperature could be raised to 10°C (or higher) to produce external refrigeration in ambient temperatures as high as 50°C.
Laser electro-optic modulation controlled by photoconductive switches (1993)

The generation oi kilovolt electrical signals by photoconductive switches (PCS) is a well established technique.1 In addition to being compact, the advantages of the PCS over more conventional switches include faster speeds, lower jitter, and, in certain cases, higher repetition rates. PCSs have previously been employed in the activation of Pockels cells2 for gating and for shaping laser pulses.3 However, PCSs have not been widely used for controlling intracavity Pockels cells. In this paper, we describe the use of a Pockels cell that is controlled by two PCSs and report on experiments that demonstrate the flexibility resulting from the use of more than one PCS. The switches used for this experiment were high voltage silicon junctions operating in the linear mode in a low impedance (few Ω) unmatched transmission line structure.
New steady-hand Eye Robot with micro-force sensing for vitreoretinal surgery (2010)

In retinal microsurgery, surgeons are required to perform micron scale maneuvers while safely applying forces to the retinal tissue that are below sensory perception. Real-time characterization and precise manipulation of this delicate tissue has thus far been hindered by human limits on tool control and the lack of a surgically compatible endpoint sensing instrument. Here we present the design of a new generation, cooperatively controlled microsurgery robot with a remote center-of-motion (RCM) mechanism and an integrated custom micro-force sensing surgical hook. Utilizing the forces measured by the end effector, we correct for tool deflections and implement a micro-force guided cooperative control algorithm to actively guide the operator. Preliminary experiments have been carried out to test our new control methods on raw chicken egg inner shell membranes and to capture useful dynamic characteristics associated with delicate tissue manipulations.
Head parallax tracking for control of a virtual space: a comparison of algorithms (2003)

Describes and compares five techniques for vision-based tracking of a subject's head in front of a desktop PC. These algorithms are based on color, motion magnitude, background subtraction, face detection, and a probabilistic fusion of the first three algorithms. Head tracking is used to determine the subject's position with respect to the monitor noninvasively. This information is used, in turn, to control a 3D virtual space in which the viewpoint changes according to the user's head position. All of the algorithms are analyzed in terms of their qualitative strengths and weaknesses. Results compared with ground-truth collected from a Polhemus tracking device verify our analyses. It comes as no surprise that probabilistic fusion of simple elements is shown to outperform any single method, but at the cost of additional computational expense. For environments that can be constrained, color-based tracking or motion-based tracking tends to provide the most stable and most accurate state estimates of subject head position.
Digital breast tomosynthesis: computerized detection of microcalcifications in reconstructed breast volume using a 3D approach (2010)

We are developing a computer-aided detection (CAD) system for clustered microcalcifications in digital breast tomosynthesis (DBT). In this preliminary study, we investigated the approach of detecting microcalcifications in the tomosynthesized volume. The DBT volume is first enhanced by 3D multi-scale filtering and analysis of the eigenvalues of Hessian matrices with a calcification response function and signal-to-noise ratio enhancement filtering. Potential signal sites are identified in the enhanced volume and local analysis is performed to further characterize each object. A 3D dynamic clustering procedure is designed to locate potential clusters using hierarchical criteria. We collected a pilot data set of two-view DBT mammograms of 39 breasts containing microcalcification clusters (17 malignant, 22 benign) with IRB approval. A total of 74 clusters were identified by an experienced radiologist in the 78 DBT views. Our prototype CAD system achieved view-based sensitivity of 90% and 80% at an average FP rate of 7.3 and 2.0 clusters per volume, respectively. At the same levels of case-based sensitivity, the FP rates were 3.6 and 1.3 clusters per volume, respectively. For the subset of malignant clusters, the view-based detection sensitivity was 94% and 82% at an average FP rate of 6.0 and 1.5 FP clusters per volume, respectively. At the same levels of case-based sensitivity, the FP rates were 1.2 and 0.9 clusters per volume, respectively. This study demonstrated that computerized microcalcification detection in 3D is a promising approach to the development of a CAD system for DBT. Study is underway to further improve the computer-vision methods and to optimize the processing parameters using a larger data set.
<title>Photonically controlled wavelength division multiplexing (WDM) active array</title> (1996)

Emerging missions for shipboard defense and tactical ballistic missile defense require the support of wideband, multi-function radars capable of concurrently performing hemispherical surveillance, tracking and simultaneous illumination of multiple targets. Active phased array antennas to support these missions are limited by their cost, bandwidth and aperture weight. As mission requirements become more demanding the integration of photonics into phased arrays, which promises increased bandwidth, decreased aperture weight and less complex transmit/receive modules, must be pursued. As part of the Office of Naval Research's Accelerated Capabilities Initiative Raytheon, supported by the University of Connecticut, is developing a novel photonic antenna architecture for the control of active phased arrays. The photonic architecture is optically non- coherent and achieves a reduction in hardware complexity, and therefore array cost, via device sharing which is facilitated through wavelength division multiplexing (WDM). By properly configuring the photonic architecture, WDM represents a beneficial compromise between hardware complexity and array performance. To realize the photonic architecture the University of Connecticut is developing novel multiple quantum well photonic devices, including electronically tunable lasers and filters and a broadband amplitude modulator. This paper will discuss the antenna architecture wavelength division multiplexing and the enabling photonic devices.
A Novel Packet-Aware Transport Architecture (2005)

o The rapid growth of data applications is forcing service providers to seek efcient means of carrying packet data over their legacy SONET/SDH networks, designed for circuit-switched voice trafc. This problem is exacerbated by the increased deployment of new Ethernet-based VPN services over their metro networks. To support Ethernet trafc, two packet- aware SONET/SDH transport architectures have been proposed n Ethernet-over-SONET/SDH (EoS) and Packet-Rings (PR). In this paper, we argue that both architectures make inherent tradeoffs that limit the volume of data trafc that may be supported. Instead, we propose a hybrid architecture called CyBorg that makes selective use of EoS pipes in conjunction with a PR capability. We formulate and propose a solution to the Setup Failure Re-arrangement problem that dynamically creates EoS pipes to supplement the existing PR if the system fails to satisfy incoming demands. We show through extensive simulations that by doing so, this novel architecture not only enables higher data trafc loads but achieves it with lower data switching capacity. We believe that this hybrid architecture and the efciency it provides, makes for a cost-effective solution for the dilemma facing service providers.
Long-Term Prediction of Lane Change Maneuver Through a Multilayer Perceptron (2020)

Behavior prediction plays an essential role in both autonomous driving systems and Advanced Driver Assistance Systems (ADAS), since it enhances vehicle's awareness of the imminent hazards in the surrounding environment. Many existing lane change prediction models take as input lateral or angle information and make short-term (< 5 seconds) maneuver predictions. In this study, we propose a longer-term (5~10 seconds) prediction model without any lateral or angle information. Three prediction models are introduced, including a logistic regression model, a multilayer perceptron (MLP) model, and a recurrent neural network (RNN) model, and their performances are compared by using the real-world NGSIM dataset. To properly label the trajectory data, this study proposes a new time-window labeling scheme by adding a time gap between positive and negative samples. Two approaches are also proposed to address the unstable prediction issue, where the aggressive approach propagates each positive prediction for certain seconds, while the conservative approach adopts a roll-window average to smooth the prediction. Evaluation results show that the developed prediction model is able to capture 75% of real lane change maneuvers with an average advanced prediction time of 8.05 seconds.
A two-phase gripper to reorient and grasp (2015)

This paper introduces the design of novel two-phase fingers to passively reorient objects while picking them up. Two-phase refers to a change in the finger-object contact geometry, from a free spinning point contact to a firm multipoint contact, as the gripping force increases. We exploit the two phases to passively reorient prismatic objects from a horizontal resting pose to an upright secure grasp. This problem is particularly relevant to industrial assembly applications where parts often are presented lying on trays or conveyor belts and need to be assembled vertically. Each two-phase finger is composed of a small hard contact point attached to an elastic strip mounted over a V-groove cavity. When grasped between two parallel fingers with low gripping force, the object pivots about the axis between the contact points on the strips, and aligns upright with gravity. A subsequent increase in the gripping force makes the elastic strips recede into the cavities letting the part seat in the V-grooves to secure the grasp. The design is compatible with any type of parallel-jaw gripper, and can be reconfigured to specific objects by changing the geometry of the cavity. The two-phase gripper provides robots with the capability to accurately position and manipulate parts, reducing the need for dedicated part feeders or time-demanding regrasp procedures.
Sulfur Tolerance of La<sub>0.3</sub>M<sub>0.7</sub>Fe<sub>0.7</sub>Cr<sub>0.3</sub>O<sub>3</sub> <sub>-δ</sub> (M= Sr, Ca) Solid Oxide Fuel Cell Anodes (2015)

Symmetrical full cells, based on La 0.3 M 0.7 Fe 0.7 Cr 0.3 O 3- δ (M = Sr, Ca) perovskite oxide electrodes, were constructed, using a Yttria-stabilized zirconia (YSZ) electrolyte with a Samaria-doped ceria (SDC) buffer layer, and then tested in a range of fuel environments at 800 o C. It is demonstrated that the Ca analog (La 0.3 Ca 0.7 Fe 0.7 Cr 0.3 O 3-δ -LCFCr) is an equally good fuel electrode (anode) and air electrode (cathode) as the Sr member of this family (LSFCr), exhibiting very good electrochemical performance in H 2 , CO and H 2 +CO atmospheres. LCFCr and LSFCr anodes were also evaluated in the presence of 9 ppm H 2 S exposures, showing a small, but reproducible and reversible, decrease in polarization resistance (Rp). Studies at cell polarizations of -100 and -300 mV from the open circuit full cell voltage showed a ca. 2-4 % increase in current density in the presence of 9 ppm H 2 S + 30 % H 2 , with the cell recovering fully when H 2 S was removed.
Reconstruction of acoustic radiation from an arbitrarily shaped object using the CHELS method (2000)

The combined Helmholtz equation–least-squares (CHELS) method developed previously by the authors [J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 107, 2799 (2000)] is used to reconstruct the acoustic field radiated from an arbitrarily shaped object. The main advantage of the HELS method [Wang and Wu, J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 102, 2020–2032 (1997); Wu, ibid. 107, 2511–2522 (2000)] is its simplicity in expressing the radiated acoustic pressure in terms of an expansion of certain basis functions, whose coefficients are determined by matching the assumed-form solution to the measured acoustic pressures. The number of expansion functions determines that of the measurements, which is small for structures that can be described by spheroidal coordinates. Combining the HELS method with the Helmholtz integral formulation will further allow for reconstruction of acoustic radiation from an arbitrarily shaped structure. This CHELS method is applied to a four-cylinder engine block. The normal component of surface velocity is reconstructed using singular value decomposition and a regularization technique. The corresponding surface acoustic pressure is obtained by solving the Helmholtz integral equation. Once these surface quantities are specified, the normal component of time-averaged acoustic intensity can be determined. Results of this study demonstrate that the CHELS method can become potentially a powerful noise and vibration diagnostic tool for practicing engineers. [Work supported by NSF.]
A new high-speed beam chopper for time-resolved X-ray studies (2000)

A new high-speed X-ray beam chopper, which can be phase locked to the temporal structure of the Advanced Photon Source (APS) storage ring, has been developed and tested. The open window time of the chopper is 2450 ns, which corresponds to approximately 67% of the revolution time of the APS storage ring. By phase locking the rotation of the beam chopper to the storage-ring orbital frequency, any portion of the storage-ring fill pattern can be positioned within the beam-chopper transmission-time window.