gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Identification of Residues in the Monoclonal Antitumor Antibody L6 Important for the Binding to Its Tumor Antigen (1994)

L6 is a monoclonal antitumor antibody which recognizes an epitope located in a 42-residue extracellular domain of a tumor-associated approximately 22 kDa glycoprotein antigen. The L6 mAb localizes to solid tumors in vivo and triggers complement activation and antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity. It has been the subject of phase I clinical trials. Previously, we had reported the derivation and analysis of a three-dimensional model of the L6 Fv. The model suggests that L6 displays a generally aromatic CDR surface. We aim at improving the affinity for tumor antigen of L6 by in vitro mutagenesis. As the first step toward this end, we have attempted to identify residues critical for the binding of L6 to tumor antigen. On the basis of the model, seven residues were selected which we thought may be critical for L6 antigen binding. Criteria for the selection of these residues were their accessibility and central position on the CDR surface and the residue character. Large polar or charged residues such as arginine, asparagine, and tyrosine were preferred. Nine site-specific single and double mutants were generated using oligonucleotide-directed mutagenesis in an M13 expression vector encoding the L6 Fab. The binding of these mutant Fabs to the L6 tumor antigen and a set of three anti-idiotypic antibodies was quantified in an ELISA. In eight out of nine mutants, binding to L6 tumor antigen was either abolished or substantially reduced. In contrast, the binding of the mutants to the anti-idiotypic antibodies was largely unaffected, suggesting that no significant structural perturbations were introduced as a consequence of these mutations.
<i>n</i>-Propane Phosphonic Acid Anhydride - A Condensation Reagent (2000)

n-Propane phosphonic acid anhydride (PPAA) (3) was first used as a condensation reagent in peptide synthesis in 1980 by H. Wissmann and is steadily gaining importance in organic synthesis, e. g. in the synthesis of polyamides or flame-resistant epoxy resins. The anhydride 3 can be prepared from propane phosphonic dichloride and water or is commercially available in solutions of DMF or of ethyl acetate. Application of PPAA in synthesis does not afford any in water insoluble by-products which may be advantageous in laboratory preparations but is of major significance in technical scale productions. According to toxicological studies PPAA is relatively nontoxic compared to other condensation reagents such as DCC or ethylmethyl phosphonic acid anhydride.
Mutual Injection Pulling Between Oscillators (2006)

This paper proposes a theory for the behavior of free-running or phase-locked oscillators that experience mutual injection pulling. The timeand frequency-domain responses are derived for each case and the profile of the resulting sidebands is calculated analytically. Experimental results obtained for two 1-GHz CMOS PLLs that are resistively coupled on-chip are presented
Joint impact of MPEG-2 encoding rate and ATM cell losses on video quality (2002)

This work addresses the analysis of the end-user perception of CBR MPEG-2 video services transmitted over ATM/AAL5 networks. We first independently study how the perceptual video quality behaves with the constant encoding bit rate (CBR) and the network cell loss ratio (CLR). We then jointly analyze the impact of these two components onto the user-oriented QoS. All the quality assessments are based on a perceptual quality metric, MPQM, which proved to behave consistently with human judgements. We show that, when considering video transmission over lossy networks, there is an optimal bit rate to be determined that maximizes the end-user perception of the service under some given network conditions.
Solar Fuel Production for a Sustainable Energy Future: Highlights of a Symposium on Renewable Fuels from Sunlight and Electricity (2013)

To facilitate the research in photocatalysts and solar fuel production, a symposium on "Renewable Fuels from Sunlight and Electricity" was held at the 222nd ECS Meeting in Honolulu, in October 2012. In this article the highlights from the symposium are summarized.
Four-quadrant permanent magnet synchronous machine drive with a tiny DC link capacitor (2016)

Three phase ac drives using a dc link typically feature a significant amount of dc energy storage to maintain a stiff dc bus. This paper examines the concept of reducing the size of the dc link capacitor dramatically, to store just enough energy to provide one high frequency switching cycle of output power. The dc bus is no longer stiff and hence the classical sinusoidal pulse width modulation cannot be used. But, the stored energy modulation (SEM) concept that is used here synthesizes high quality sinusoidal waveforms even with such tiny dc link capacitors. In SEM, the switching intervals of the interconnecting switches are carefully determined nonlinear functions of various operating parameters such as reactive component sizing, switching frequency, load levels, etc. The detailed operation of the SEM modulated converter for a field-oriented controlled (FOC) four-quadrant permanent magnet synchronous machine (PMSM) electric drive application using space vector modulation (SVM) has been presented in the paper. The paper also includes circuit simulation results and preliminary design considerations of a SEM modulated drive.
Texture Replacement of Garments in Monocular Video Sequences (2006)

In this paper, we present a video processing algorithm for texture replacement \nof moving garments in monocular video recordings. We use a color-coded pattern \nwhich encodes texture coordinates within a local neighborhood in order to \ndetermine the geometric deformation of the texture. A time-coherent texture \ninterpolation is obtained by the use of 3D radial basis functions. Shading maps \nare determined with a surface reconstruction technique and applied to new \ntextures which replace the color pattern in the video sequence. Our method \nenables exchanging fabric pattern designs of garments worn by actors as a video \npost-processing step.
ChemInform Abstract: PREPARATION OF 3‐AMINO‐2‐FLUOROPROPIONIC AND 2‐FLUOROACRYLIC ESTERS (1976)

Abstract Die Ester (I) setzen sich mit 2 Molen Dimethylamin zu den α‐Fluor‐β‐aminoestem (II), mit einem Mol Dimethylamin zu dem α‐Fluor‐acrylat (III) um.
Deep Self-Taught Learning for Weakly Supervised Object Localization (2017)

Most existing weakly supervised localization (WSL) approaches learn detectors by finding positive bounding boxes based on features learned with image-level supervision. However, those features do not contain spatial location related information and usually provide poor-quality positive samples for training a detector. To overcome this issue, we propose a deep self-taught learning approach, which makes the detector learn the object-level features reliable for acquiring tight positive samples and afterwards re-train itself based on them. Consequently, the detector progressively improves its detection ability and localizes more informative positive samples. To implement such self-taught learning, we propose a seed sample acquisition method via image-to-object transferring and dense subgraph discovery to find reliable positive samples for initializing the detector. An online supportive sample harvesting scheme is further proposed to dynamically select the most confident tight positive samples and train the detector in a mutual boosting way. To prevent the detector from being trapped in poor optima due to overfitting, we propose a new relative improvement of predicted CNN scores for guiding the self-taught learning process. Extensive experiments on PASCAL 2007 and 2012 show that our approach outperforms the state-of-the-arts, strongly validating its effectiveness.
The Orphan G Protein–Coupled Receptor 3 Modulates Amyloid-Beta Peptide Generation in Neurons (2009)

Deposition of the amyloid-beta peptide is a pathological hallmark of Alzheimer's disease. A high-throughput functional genomics screen identified G protein-coupled receptor 3 (GPR3), a constitutively active orphan G protein-coupled receptor, as a modulator of amyloid-beta production. Overexpression of GPR3 stimulated amyloid-beta production, whereas genetic ablation of GPR3 prevented accumulation of the amyloid-beta peptide in vitro and in an Alzheimer's disease mouse model. GPR3 expression led to increased formation and cell-surface localization of the mature gamma-secretase complex in the absence of an effect on Notch processing. GPR3 is highly expressed in areas of the normal human brain implicated in Alzheimer's disease and is elevated in the sporadic Alzheimer's disease brain. Thus, GPR3 represents a potential therapeutic target for the treatment of Alzheimer's disease.
Area-efficient FFT processor for MIMO-OFDM based SDR systems (2013)

In this letter, an area-efficient FFT processor is proposed for MIMO-OFDM based SDR systems. The proposed FFT processor can support variable lengths of 64, 128, 256, 512, 1024, 1536 and 2048. By reducing the required number of non-trivial multipliers with a mixed-radix algorithm, the complexity of the proposed FFT processor is dramatically decreased. The proposed FFT processor was designed in a hardware description language (HDL) and synthesized to gate-level circuits using a 0.13µm CMOS standard cell library. With the proposed architecture, the gate count for the proposed FFT processor is 78.8K and the size of memory is 393.22Kbits, which are reduced by 40.9% and 19.7%, respectively, compared with the 4-channel radix-2 single-path delay feedback (R2SDF) with the 4-channel radix-3 SDF (R3SDF) FFT processor. Also, compared with the 4-channel radix-2 multi-path delay commutator (R2MDC) with the 4-channel R3SDF FFT processor, it is shown that the gate count and memory size are reduced by 33.8% and 18.5%, respectively.
Anti-MOC-31: a potential addition to the pulmonary adenocarcinoma versus mesothelioma immunohistochemistry panel. (1997)

MOC-31 expression has recently been advocated as an immunohistochemical marker for distinguishing mesothelioma from adenocarcinoma in tissue sections. We studied formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded tissue from 23 pleural mesotheliomas and 23 primary pulmonary adenocarcinomas for immunoreactivity with anti-MOC-31, a human epithelial-related antigen. All of the 23 adenocarcinomas strongly expressed the marker, whereas only one of the mesotheliomas showed weak reactivity. These results demonstrate the usefulness of anti-MOC-31 in differentiating pulmonary adenocarcinoma from mesothelioma.
pi(+) pi(-) Y(1S) hadronic transitions (2011)

2.3 x 10(-3) as upper limits at the 90% confidence level. We also provide improved measurements of the Y(S) - Y(1S) and Y(3S) - Y (1S) mass differences, 562.170 +/- 0.007(stat) +/- 0.088(syst). MeV/c(2) and 893.813 +/- 0: 015(stat) +/- 0.107(syst.) MeV/c(2), respectively.
The Effect of Annealing and Heated Deposition on Alpha and Beta Phase Formation for Tantalum Thin Films (2018)

Tantalum thin films were deposited via magnetron sputtering. The phase of the deposited thin film was investigated. The tetragonal β-Ta phase possesses different properties when compared with the bcc α-Ta phase. There are applications for both phases but the mechanisms by which phases are formed is still unclear. Three categories of Ta thin film were generated then characterized: as-deposited, annealed, and heated deposition. The thermomechanical properties of Ta thin films were tested by altering deposition and post-deposition conditions and measuring stress evolution. The phase of samples was studied via resistivity measurements and offset/glancing incidence x-ray diffraction. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy was used for elemental analysis and to confirm film thickness. It is shown that as-deposited conditions lead to β-Ta growth, while annealing to 240 °C causes a β to α-Ta phase transformation. The lower than previously reported phase transformation temperature is shown to be due to that lack of oxygen impurities which form TaO2. Heated deposition at 350 °C consistently generated α-Ta while forming a Ta-Si interface region. XRD and XPS measurements confirm the presence of a TaSi2 layer in annealed and heated deposition samples. These results indicate the importance of the sublayer prior to film deposition in dictating which Ta phase forms.
Inflammatory bowel disease: the role of inflammatory cytokine gene polymorphisms (2004)

The mechanisms responsible for development of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) have not been fully elucidated, although the main cause of disease pathology is attributed to up-regulated inflammatory processes. The aim of this study was to investigate frequencies of polymorphisms in genes encoding pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory markers in IBD patients and controls. We determined genotypes of patients with IBD (n= 172) and healthy controls (n= 389) for polymorphisms in genes encoding various cytokines (interleukin (IL)-1beta, IL-6, tumour necrosis factor (TNF), IL-10, IL-1 receptor antagonist). Association of these genotypes to disease incidence and pathophysiology was investigated. No strong association was found with occurrence of IBD. Variation was observed between the ulcerative colitis study group and the control population for the TNF-alpha-308 polymorphism (p= 0.0135). There was also variation in the frequency of IL-6-174 and TNF-alpha-308 genotypes in the ulcerative colitis group compared with the Crohn's disease group (p= 0.01). We concluded that polymorphisms in inflammatory genes are associated with variations in IBD phenotype and disease susceptibility. Whether the polymorphisms are directly involved in regulating cytokine production, and consequently pathophysiology of IBD, or serve merely as markers in linkage disequilibrium with susceptibility genes remains unclear.
Design of upper limb by adhesion of muscles and bones &#x2014; Detail human mimetic musculoskeletal humanoid kenshiro (2013)

This paper presents a design methodology for humanoid upper limb based on human anatomy. Kenshiro is a full body tendon driven humanoid robot and is designed from the data of average 14 year old Japanese boy. The design of his upper limb is realizing detail features of muscles, bones and the adhesive relation of the two. Human mimetic design is realized by focusing on the fact that joints are being stabled by muscles winding around the bones, and by accurately mimicking the bone shape this was enabled. In this paper we also introduce details of mechanical specifications of the upper limb. By having muscles, bones, and joint structures based on human anatomy, Kenshiro can move flexibly. The use as human body simulator can be expected by measuring sensor data which can correspond to biological data.
Correlation between the <i>BRAF</i> V600E Mutation and Tumor Invasiveness in Papillary Thyroid Carcinomas Smaller than 20 Millimeters: Analysis of 1060 Cases (2010)

We suggest that evaluation of BRAF status would be useful even in pT1 tumors to improve risk stratification and patient management, although follow-up data are necessary to confirm our speculations.
Role of Cationization and Multimers Formation for Diastereomers Differentiation by Ion Mobility-Mass Spectrometry (2013)

Stereochemistry plays an important role in biochemistry, particularly in therapeutic applications. Indeed, enantiomers have different biological activities, which can have important consequences. Many analytical techniques have been developed in order to allow the identification and the separation of stereoisomers. Here, we focused our work on the study of small diastereomers using the coupling of traveling wave ion mobility and mass spectrometry (TWIMS-MS) as a new alternative for stereochemistry study. In order to optimize the separation, the formation of adducts between diastereomers (M) and different alkali cations (X) was carried out. Thus, monomers [M + X](+) and multimers [2M + X](+) and [3M + X](+) ions have been studied from both experimental and theoretical viewpoints. Moreover, it has been shown that the study of the multimer [2Y + M + Li](+) ion, in which Y is an auxiliary diastereomeric ligand, allows the diastereomers separation. The combination of cationization, multimers ions formation, and IM-MS is a novel and powerful approach for the diastereomers identification. Thus, by this technique, diastereomers can be identified although they present very close conformations in gaseous phase. This work presents the first TWIMS-MS separation of diastereomers, which present very close collision cross section thanks to the formation of multimers and the use of an auxiliary diastereomeric ligand.
NF-κB Is a Key Mediator of Cerebral Aneurysm Formation (2007)

Our data indicate that NF-kappaB plays a crucial role as a key regulator in the initiation of CA development by inducing some inflammatory genes related to macrophage recruitment and activation. NF-kappaB may represent a therapeutic target of a novel medical treatment for CA.
Circulation is established in a stepwise pattern in the mammalian embryo (2003)

To better understand the relationship between the embryonic hematopoietic and vascular systems, we investigated the establishment of circulation in mouse embryos by examining the redistribution of yolk sac-derived primitive erythroblasts and definitive hematopoietic progenitors. Our studies revealed that small numbers of erythroblasts first enter the embryo proper at 4 to 8 somite pairs (sp) (embryonic day 8.25 [E8.25]), concomitant with the proposed onset of cardiac function. Hours later (E8.5), most red cells remained in the yolk sac. Although the number of red cells expanded rapidly in the embryo proper, a steady state of approximately 40% red cells was not reached until 26 to 30 sp (E10). Additionally, erythroblasts were unevenly distributed within the embryo's vasculature before 35 sp. These data suggest that fully functional circulation is established after E10. This timing correlated with vascular remodeling, suggesting that vessel arborization, smooth muscle recruitment, or both are required. We also examined the distribution of committed hematopoietic progenitors during early embryogenesis. Before E8.0, all progenitors were found in the yolk sac. When normalized to circulating erythroblasts, there was a significant enrichment (20- to 5-fold) of progenitors in the yolk sac compared with the embryo proper from E9.5 to E10.5. These results indicated that the yolk sac vascular network remains a site of progenitor production and preferential adhesion even as the fetal liver becomes a hematopoietic organ. We conclude that a functional vascular system develops gradually and that specialized vascular-hematopoietic environments exist after circulation becomes fully established.
Basic Helicopter Aerodynamics (2011)

Basic Helicopter Aerodynamics is widely appreciated as an easily accessible, rounded introduction to the first principles of the aerodynamics of helicopter flight. Simon Newman has brought this third edition completely up to date with a full new set of illustrations and imagery. An accompanying website www.wiley.com/go/seddon contains all the calculation files used in the book, problems, solutions, PPT slides and supporting MATLAB® code. Simon Newman addresses the unique considerations applicable to rotor UAVs and MAVs, and coverage of blade dynamics is expanded to include both flapping, lagging and ground resonance. New material is included on blade tip design, flow characteristics surrounding the rotor in forward flight, tail rotors, brown-out, blade sailing and shipborne operations. Concentrating on the well-known Sikorsky configuration of single main rotor with tail rotor, early chapters deal with the aerodynamics of the rotor in hover, vertical flight, forward flight and climb. Analysis of these motions is developed to the stage of obtaining the principal results for thrust, power and associated quantities. Later chapters turn to the characteristics of the overall helicopter, its performance, stability and control, and the important field of aerodynamic research is discussed, with some reference also to aerodynamic design practice. This introductory level treatment to the aerodynamics of helicopter flight will appeal to aircraft design engineers and undergraduate and graduate students in aircraft design, as well as practising engineers looking for an introduction to or refresher course on the subject.
Pentafluorophenoxy Boron Subphthalocyanine (F<sub>5</sub>BsubPc) as a Multifunctional Material for Organic Photovoltaics (2013)

We have demonstrated that pentafluoro phenoxy boron subphthalocyanine (F5BsubPc) can function as either an electron donor or an electron acceptor layer in a planar heterojunction organic photovolatic (PHJ OPV) cell. F5BsubPc was incorporated into devices with the configurations ITO/MoO3/F5BsubPc/C60/BCP/Al (F5BsubPc used as an electron-donor/hole-transport layer) and ITO/MoO3/Cl-BsubPc/F5BsubPc/BCP/Al (F5BsubPc used as an electron-acceptor/electron-transport layer). Each unoptimized device displayed open-circuit photopotentials (Voc) close to or in excess of 1 V and respectrable power conversion efficiencies. Ultraviolet photoelectron spectroscopy (UPS) was used to characterize the band-edge offset energies at the donor/acceptor junctions. HOMO and LUMO energy level offsets for the F5BsubPc/C60 heterojunction were determined to be ca. 0.6 eV and ca. 0.7 eV, respectively. Such offsets are clearly large enough to produce rectifying J/V responses, efficient exciton dissociation, and photocurrent production at the interface. For the Cl-BsubPc/F5BsubPc heterojunction, the estimated offset energies were found to be ca. 0.1 eV. However, reasonable photovoltaic activity was observed, with photocurrent production coming from both BsubPc species layers. Incident and absorbed photon power conversion efficiencies (IPCE and APCE) showed that photocurrent production qualitatively tracked the absorbance spectra of the donor/acceptor heterojunctions, with some additional photocurrent activity on the low energy side of the absorbance band. We suggest that photocurrent production at higher wavelengths may be a result of charge-transfer species at the donor/acceptor interface. Cascade photovoltaics were also fabricated to expand on the understanding of the role of F5BsubPc in such device architectures.
Overexpression and gene amplification of <i>BAG‐1L</i> in hormone‐refractory prostate cancer (2007)

BAG-1L (Bcl-2-associated anthanogene 1) has been found to interact with androgen receptor (AR), and has been suggested to be involved in the development of prostate cancer. In order to determine the presence of genetic and/or expression alterations of BAG-1L in prostate cancer, we analysed human prostate cancer cell lines and xenografts as well as patient samples of untreated, hormone-naïve, and hormone-refractory prostate carcinomas for sequence variations using denaturing high-performance liquid chromatography (DHPLC), for gene copy number using fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH), and for expression using both quantitative RT-PCR and immunostaining. Only one sequence variation was found in all 37 cell lines and xenografts analysed. BAG-1 gene amplification was detected in two xenografts. In addition, gene amplification was found in 6 of 81 (7.4%) hormone-refractory clinical tumours, whereas no amplification was found in any of the 130 untreated tumours analysed. Additionally, gain of the BAG-1 gene was observed in 27.2% of the hormone-refractory tumours and in 18.5% of the untreated carcinomas. In a set of 263 patient samples, BAG-1L protein expression was significantly higher in hormone-refractory tumours than in primary tumours (p = 0.002). Altogether, these data suggest that amplification and overexpression of BAG-1L may be involved in the progression of prostate cancer.