gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Spectral Imaging of Multi‐Color Chromogenic Dyes in Pathological Specimens (2001)

We have investigated the use of spectral imaging for multi-color analysis of permanent cytochemical dyes and enzyme precipitates on cytopathological specimens. Spectral imaging is based on Fourier-transform spectroscopy and digital imaging. A pixel-by-pixel spectrum-based color classification is presented of single-, double-, and triple-color in situ hybridization for centromeric probes in T24 bladder cancer cells, and immunocytochemical staining of nuclear antigens Ki-67 and TP53 in paraffin-embedded cervical brush material (AgarCyto). The results demonstrate that spectral imaging unambiguously identifies three chromogenic dyes in a single bright-field microscopic specimen. Serial microscopic fields from the same specimen can be analyzed using a spectral reference library. We conclude that spectral imaging of multi-color chromogenic dyes is a reliable and robust method for pixel color recognition and classification. Our data further indicate that the use of spectral imaging (a) may increase the number of parameters studied simultaneously in pathological diagnosis, (b) may provide quantitative data (such as positive labeling indices) more accurately, and (c) may solve segmentation problems currently faced in automated screening of cell- and tissue specimens.
Essential and non‐redundant roles of p48 (ISGF3γ) and IRF‐1 in both type I and type II interferon responses, as revealed by gene targeting studies (1996)

p48 and IRF-1 do not perform redundant functions in the cell, but rather complement one another in both type I and II IFN responses.
Robotic Manifold Tracking of Coherent Structures in Flows (2012)

Tracking Lagrangian coherent structures in dynamical systems is important for many applications such as oceanography and weather prediction. In this paper, we present a collaborative robotic control strategy designed to track stable and unstable manifolds. The technique does not require global information about the fluid dynamics, and is based on local sensing, prediction, and correction. The collaborative control strategy is implemented on a team of three robots to track coherent structures and manifolds on static flows as well as a noisy time-dependent model of a wind-driven double-gyre often seen in the ocean. We present simulation and experimental results and discuss theoretical guarantees of the collaborative tracking strategy.
Real-time synthetic aperture radar (SAR) processing for large squint angles (1994)

This paper proposes a new approach for high resolution SAR processing which is suitable for real-time processing of highly squinted data. The proposed approach does not use any interpolation and minimizes the storage requirement in the processing. The basic idea is to perform a 1D range and azimuth processing with no range cell migration correction. The defocused impulse response function (IRF) is then correlated with a small 2D kernel (typically 32 X 32 points) which deconvolves the amplitude and phase errors. Several simulation results using the parameters of the E-SAR system of DLR are presented to demonstrate the validity of the new approach.
Effects of Monitoring Condition and Frequency-Altered Feedback on Stuttering Frequency (1999)

The purpose of the study was to examine stuttering frequency during speaking conditions that are believed to mitigate stuttering frequency both with normal nonaltered auditory feedback (NAF) and a known fluency-enhancing feedback. Specifically, stuttering frequency was examined as a function of three monitoring conditions under NAF and frequency-altered feedback (FAF): no monitoring (i.e., speaking alone, in the absence of audio and visual recording), audiovisual monitoring (i.e., speaking alone with audiovisual recording), and audiovisual monitoring with observers (i.e., speaking with audiovisual recording in the presence of two observers). Seven adults and one adolescent who stutter served as participants. Stuttering frequency was differentially affected across monitoring conditions under each auditory feedback condition (p = .027). Post hoc analyses revealed no significant difference in stuttering frequency between the two conditions in the absence of the observers (i.e., no monitoring vs. audiovisual monitoring) under NAF (p = .45). There was, however, a significant difference in stuttering frequency for the no-monitoring and audiovisual-monitoring conditions relative to the audiovisual-monitoring-with-observers condition (p = .0002). There was no statistically significant difference in stuttering frequency across monitoring conditions under FAF (p > .05). The findings are consistent with the notion that during NAF stuttering frequency varies as a function of hierarchical socio-environmental conditions in which inanimate monitoring conditions constitute one entity. Such a relationship does not exist during FAF.
Benzo[<i>c</i>]quinolizin-3-ones:  A Novel Class of Potent and Selective Nonsteroidal Inhibitors of Human Steroid 5α-Reductase 1 (2000)

The synthesis and biological evaluation of a series of novel, selective inhibitors of isoenzyme 1 of human 5alpha-reductase (5alphaR) (EC 1.3.99.5) are reported. The inhibitors are 4aH- (19-29) or 1H-tetrahydrobenzo[c]quinolizin-3-ones (35-47) bearing at positions 1, 4, 5, and 6 a methyl group and at position 8 a hydrogen, methyl group, or chlorine atom. All these compounds were tested toward 5alphaR-1 and 5alphaR-2 expressed in CHO cells (CHO 1827 and CHO 1829, respectively) resulting in selective inhibitors of the type 1 isoenzyme, with inhibitory potencies (IC(50)) ranging from 7.6 to 9100 nM. The inhibitors of the 4aH-series, having a double bond at position 1,2, were generally less active than the corresponding inhibitors of the 1H-series having the double bond at position 4,4a on the A ring. The presence of a methyl group at position 4 (as in compounds 39-40 and 45-47), associated with a substituent at position 8, determined the highest inhibition potency (IC(50) from 7.6 to 20 nM). Compounds 39 and 40, having K(i) values of 5.8+/-1.8 and 2.7+/-0.6 nM, respectively, toward 5alphaR-1 expressed in CHO cells, were also tested toward native 5alphaR-1 in human scalp and 5alphaR-2 in human prostate homogenates, in comparison with finasteride and the known 5alphaR-1-selective inhibitor LY191704, and their mechanism of inhibition was determined. They both inhibited the enzyme through a reversible competitive mechanism and again were selective inhibitors of 5alphaR-1 with IC(50) values of 41 nM. These specific features make these inhibitors suitable candidates for further development as drugs in the treatment of DHT-dependent disorders such as acne and androgenic alopecia in men and hirsutism in women.
Design of Honeycomb Meta-Materials for High Shear Flexure (2009)

A numerical study for a functional design of honeycomb meta-materials targeting flexible shear properties (about 6.5MPa effective shear modulus and 15% maximum effective shear strain) is conducted with two material selections — polycarbonate (PC) and mild-steel (MS), and five honeycomb configurations. Cell wall thicknesses are found for each material to reach the target shear modulus for available cell heights with five honeycomb configurations. PC honeycomb structures can be tailored with 0.4 to 1.3mm cell wall thicknesses to attain the 6.5MPa shear modulus. MS honeycombs can be built with 0.2mm or lower wall thicknesses to reach the target shear modulus. Sensitivity of wall thickness on effective properties may be a hurdle to overcome when designing metallic honeycombs. The sensitivity appears to be more significant with an increased number of unit cells in the vertical direction. PC auxetic honeycombs having 0.4 to 1.9 mm cell wall thicknesses show 15% maximum effective shear strain without local cell damage. Auxetic honeycombs having negative Poisson’s ratio show lower effective shear moduli and higher maximum effective shear strains than the regular counterparts, implying that auxetic honeycombs are candidate geometries for a shear flexure design.
Influence of pH on the Quantum-Size-Controlled Photoelectrochemical Etching of Epitaxial InGaN Quantum Dots (2015)

Illumination by a narrow-band laser has been shown to enable photoelectrochemical (PEC) etching of InGaN thin films into quantum dots with sizes controlled by the laser wavelength. Here, we investigate and elucidate the influence of solution pH on such quantum-size-controlled PEC etch process. We find that although a pH above 5 is often used for PEC etching of GaN-based materials, oxides (In2O3 and/or Ga2O3) form which interfere with quantum dot formation. At pH below 3, however, oxide-free QDs with self-terminated sizes can be successfully realized.
Prospective self‐gated nonenhanced magnetic resonance angiography of the peripheral arteries (2012)

Most nonenhanced MRA techniques for evaluating peripheral artery disease (PAD) require cardiac synchronization through physiological gating. Electrocardiographic gating is the most popular method for cardiac synchronization; however, it is subject to interference from switching magnetic field gradients and radiofrequency pulses. A method is described for self-gated nonenhanced MRA that does not require the use of electrocardiographic gating. Imaging was prospectively triggered by detecting the acceleration of blood flow during systole with a reference-less phase contrast navigator. The technique was implemented for nonsubtractive nonenhanced MRA using quiescent-interval single-shot MRA. The lower extremity peripheral arteries of eight healthy subjects were imaged using electrocardiographic-, pulse-, and self-gated quiescent-interval single-shot. Self-gated quiescent-interval single-shot triggered with 99% accuracy. There were no significant differences in relative contrast, contrast-to-noise ratio, or image quality between self-gated and electrocardiographic-gated quiescent-interval single-shot MRA (P > 0.05). Image quality with pulse gating was inferior.
In Vitro Evaluation of Polymeric Matrix and Porous Biodegradable Reservoir Devices for Slow-release Drug Delivery (1996)

The matrix device is capable of sustained release over several months; the porous reservoir can deliver drugs for over 1 year. Further studies are needed to evaluate in vivo biodegradation behavior and toxicity of drugs used for sustained release.
Acetoacetate and ethyl acetoacetate as novel inhibitors of bacterial biofilm (2018)

Bacterial biofilms are communities of bacteria that form on surfaces and are extremely difficult to remove by conventional physical or chemical techniques, antibiotics or the human immune system. Despite advanced technologies, biofilm still contributes to 60 to 80% of human bacterial infections (NIH and CDC) and cause problems in many natural, environmental, bioindustrial or food processing settings. The discovery of novel substances that inhibit biofilm without increasing the virulence of the bacteria opens doors for countless applications where a reduction of biofilm is desired.
Thin-layer chromatographic separation of optical, geometrical, and structural isomers (1986)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTThin-layer chromatographic separation of optical, geometrical, and structural isomersAla. Alak and Daniel W. ArmstrongCite this: Anal. Chem. 1986, 58, 3, 582–584Publication Date (Print):March 1, 1986Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 March 1986https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ac00294a020https://doi.org/10.1021/ac00294a020research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views306Altmetric-Citations57LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Safe Trajectory Tracking in Uncertain Environments (2020)

In Model Predictive Control (MPC) formulations of trajectory tracking problems, infeasible reference trajectories and a-priori unknown constraints can lead to cumbersome designs, aggressive tracking, and loss of recursive feasibility. This is the case, for example, in trajectory tracking applications for mobile systems in the presence of constraints which are not fully known a-priori. In this paper, we propose a new framework called Model Predictive Flexible trajectory Tracking Control (MPFTC), which relaxes the trajectory tracking requirement. Additionally, we accommodate recursive feasibility in the presence of a-priori unknown constraints, which might render the reference trajectory infeasible. In the proposed framework, constraint satisfaction is guaranteed at all times while the reference trajectory is tracked as good as constraint satisfaction allows, thus simplifying the controller design and reducing possibly aggressive tracking behavior. The proposed framework is illustrated with three numerical examples.
ChemInform Abstract: An Efficient Synthesis of 6‐Fluoronalidixic Acid and Its Conversion to Enoxacin. (1987)

Abstract Balz‐Schiemann reaction of the aminopyridine (Ia) yields the fluoro derivative (Ib).
Fast holographic wavefront sensor: sensing without computing (2006)

In this talk we will present work on a fast zonal wavefront sensor. The device consists of a multiplexed hologram which can reconstruct multiple diffracted beams to an image plane with the input of a single object beam. The hologram is prerecorded with many different gratings designed to detect any combination of Zernike term and amplitude. In operation, a wavefront incident on the hologram reconstructs a number of output beams that focus onto a distant detector. The location of these spots is specifically related to a particular Zernike polynomial of particular strength, so a complete description of the wavefront can be made by simple readout of a CCD. While this wavefront sensor is limited in spectral coverage due to dispersion in the hologram there are many benefits. Since no calculations are required, this sensor can operate at MHz rates irrespective of the number of Zernike terms used. The removal of complex computations also reduces instrument complexity and size. In this talk we will present results of the both the theory and operation of our holographic wavefront sensor.
Immunity to Gonococcal Infection Induced by Vaccination with Isolated Outer Membranes of Neisseria gonorrhoeae in Guinea Pigs (1977)

Purified outer membranes from Neisseria gonorrhoeae strain M or B were prepared. Gonococcal outer membranes were pure as evidenced by banding insucrose gradients at a density of 1.23 g/cm3, simple protein composition patterns when analysed by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, low succinic dehydrogenase levels, and few precipitin peaks obtained in two-dimensional immuno-electrophoresis against hyperimmune serum to gonococcal sonicates. Isolated outer membranes administered as antigen to guinea pigs produced strain-related protection against gonococcal infection in amounts less than 1% of the weight of whole gonococci required to produce comparable protection in chimpanzees. One-hundred percent (18 of 18) and 95% of control guinea pigs (19 of 20) were infected when challenged with M and B strain gonococci, respectively. In contrast, 26% (eight of 31) and 94% (16 of 17) of guinea pigs immunized with M strain outer membrane were infected when challenged with comparable inocula of M and B strain gonococci, respectively. Similarly, 25% (two of eight) and 100% (six of six) of animals immunized with B strain outer membrane were infected when challenged with comparable inocula of B and M strain gonococci respectively. These results suggest that antigens capable of inducing strain-related protection to gonococcal infection are present within the gonococcal outer membrane.
Primary Fabrication Processes for Nickel and Iron Aluminides (1991)

<div class="htmlview paragraph">Alloys based on the intermetallic compounds Ni<sub>3</sub>Al and Fe<sub>3</sub>Al have been developed. Intermetallic compounds are characteristically brittle at room temperature, and some are also brittle at elevated temperatures. Nickel-aluminide alloys have been made ductile by alloying with a small amount of boron (200 ppm by weight) and adjusting the aluminum content to 24 at. % or less. Iron-aluminide alloys are ductile when chromium is added (&gt;wt 2%) and the aluminum is adjusted to 28 at. %. These alloys begin ordering upon solidification; therefore, a greater shrinkage must be accommodated during casting. The hot-working temperature “window” for the nickel-aluminide alloy is very narrow; however, the alloy can be cold-worked large amounts. Iron-aluminide alloys have a very broad hot-working temperature range but have limited ductility (&lt;20%) at room temperature. The strength and oxidation resistance of these alloys are such that many potential applications exist. Commercialization is in progress.</div>
High photoconductive gain in lateral InAsSb strained-layer superlattice infrared detectors (1988)

Both large photoconductive gain and long wavelength photoresponse were observed in lateral photodetectors constructed from type II, InAsSb, strained-layer superlattices. In a novel, four-layer superlattice, gain values as large as 90 are reported with a long wavelength cutoff of 8.7 μm at 77 K. The gain is sensitive to the structure and composition of the superlattice, and the sweepout of minority carriers is eliminated with the appropriate contacts.
Fast All-Digital Clock Frequency Adaptation Circuit for Voltage Droop Tolerance (2018)

Naive handling of supply voltage droops in syn- chronous circuits results in conservative bounds on clock speeds, resulting in poor performance even if droops are rare. Adaptive strategies detect such potentially hazardous events and either initiate a rollback to a previous state or proactively reduce clock speed in order to prevent timing violations. The performance of such solutions critically depends on a very fast response to droops. However, state-of-the-art solutions incur synchronization delay to avoid that the clock signal is affected by metastability. Addressing the challenges discussed by Keith Bowman in his ASYNC 2017 keynote talk, we present an all-digital circuit that can respond to droops within a fraction of a clock cycle. This is achieved by delaying clock signals based on measurement values while they undergo synchronization simultaneously. We verify our solution by formally proving correctness, complemented by VHDL and Spice simulations of a 65 nm ASIC design confirming the theoretically obtained results.
Spectroscopic Method for Measuring Surface Temperature That is Independent of Material Emissivity, Surrounding Radiation Sources, and Instrument Calibration (1994)

A novel optical measurement technique for the in situ determination of surface temperature is presented. The technique employs modulation of the object temperature by an energy source of high intensity, such as a laser. By modulation of the temperature at the point from which the emitted spectrum of electro-magnetic radiation is being monitored, routine calculations involving the observed modulated component of the radiation spectrum will determine the temperature and, for some conditions, emissivity. The region to be measured is thus defined by the intersection of the laser and the beam which enters the collection optics of the Fourier transform Infrared spectrometer. Analysis of the modulated radiation results in a temperature determination which is independent of material emissivity, surrounding radiation sources, and instrument calibration for optical path.
Enzymatic Hydrogen Production:  Conversion of Renewable Resources for Energy Production (1999)

Using the enzymes glucose dehydrogenase (GDH) and hydrogenase, we have shown that a variety of sugars that are components of renewable resources can be enzymatically converted to molecular hydrogen. The rates at which hydrogen was evolved paralleled the substrate specificity of GDH. The highest rate of hydrogen production measured was 97.8 μmol/h, and the stoichiometric yield of hydrogen was 98% with 50 mM glucose as the substrate. Lactose, sucrose, cellulose, xylan, steam-exploded aspen wood, and starch also served as substrates for hydrogen production when the corresponding enzymes were included in the reaction mixture to generate the appropriate monosaccharide for which GDH has specificity. The data obtained are discussed in the context of the rate-limiting steps of hydrogen production from renewable sugar and the possible applications of enzymatic hydrogen production.
Calculation of Resistivity of Irreducible Water for Reserves Estimation (1996)

A new fluid inclusion technique that allows determination of the resistivity of irreducible water trapped during oil accumulation has been developed. The technique is directly applicable to problems associated with the evaluation of oil accumulations which arise when the salinity and thus the resistivity of present day formation waters differ from those of the irreducible water trapped during oil accumulation. It is possible by measuring the ice melting temperature of samples of formation water trapped during creation of three phase, oil-water-vapour inclusions to calculate a salinity for the irreducible water and thus calculate a resistivity to be used in reserves calculations. Salinities of 71,000 to 85,000 parts per million have been measured on three phase inclusions in oil zone samples from the Papuan Foldbelt. Present day salinities in the Papuan Foldbelt are about 10,000-12,000 parts per million indicating that oil charge occurred before the present day hydrologic system was emplaced. Using salinity data from three phase inclusions results in resistivity values of about 0.05 ohm/m for irreducible water while present day formation waters have a resistivity of about 0.3 ohm/m at formation temperatures of 60[degrees]C. Using the water saturation calculated from three phase fluid inclusion salinity data compared with usingmore » the water saturation from present day formation water results in an estimated 25 % increase in reserves for oil fields studied in the Papuan Foldbelt.« less